IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COLORING MATTERS SUITABLE FOR DYEING AND PRINTING
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Heinrich Caro, Chemist to the Badische Aniline and
Soda Works, of Mannheim, in the Empire of Germany, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COLORING MATTERS SUITABLE FOR
DYEING AND PRINTING"
Sealed the 14th December 1877, and dated the 8th October 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Heinrich Caro at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th October 1877.
HEINRICH CARO, Chemist to the Badische Aniline and Soda Works, of Mannheim,
in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COLORING
MATTERS SUITABLE FOR DYEING AND PRINTING,"
This Invention relates to improvements in the production of coloring matters by
converting the basic coloring matters herein-after referred to into new coloring
matters or compounds possessing the general character and properties of acids, and
capable of being employed in the processes of dyeing and printing in the presence of
or with the aid of acids or of acid mordants.
The basic coloring matters before referred to are commercially known under the
names of rosaniline, fuchsine, roseine, magenta, ruby, marron, cerise, grinat, and other
names. These coloring matters, as is well understood, are either the principal pro-
ducts resulting from the manufacture of aniline reds or salts of rosaniline, or are
contained in or separated from the bye-products which are obtained in such
manufacture.
The before-mentioned coloring matters or products, and which hereafter will be
comprehended and referred to as "the rosaniline group," I either employ singly or
mixed with one another; and in some instances I find it advantageous to operate
upon them before effecting their purification or separation from one another in the
above manufacture of the rosaniline salts.
It is well known that owing to the basic character of "the rosaniline group" the

page_text: dyes or coloring matters which belong to that group cannot be employed either alone
or in admixture with other coloring matters where the processes of dyeing and
printing require the employment of an acid or of acid mordants.
I have discovered that the coloring matters or products herein-before referred to,
and which constitute what I have termed the "rosaniline group," may be converted
into new coloring matters or compounds possessing acid properties, and thus be
rendered capable of being employed in the presence of acids or acid mordants.
Now according to one part of my Invention I submit the before-mentioned
coloring matters, either separately or conjointly, to a treatment with sulphuric acid
in such a manner as to convert them into what is known to chemists as sulpho-
acids, and these sulpho-acids will hereafter be termed and referred to as the sulpho-
acids of the "rosaniline group."
In order to effect this desired conversion the before-mentioned coloring matters of
the rosaniline group are dissolved in or mixed with sulphuric acid, and by preference
with concentrated sulphuric acid or with mixtures of the same with anhydrous
sulphuric acid, commonly known as fuming sulphuric acid, and I operate either at
the orninary or at an elevated temperature until the conversion into the new coloring
matters or compounds is complete, or nearly so. The desired result may be ascer-
tained by testing a portion or sample of the mixture, and when the coloring matter
contained therein is found to be practically soluble in a caustic alkali, the operations
may be considered at an end.
In order to separate the thus obtained sulpho-acids of the rosaniline group from
the excess of the sulphuric acid employed for their production, the mixture is diluted
with water and neutralized by preference with milk of lime.
The clear solution resulting from this operation may be decomposed with an alka-
line carbonate, such as carbonate of soda, and the resulting sodium compounds may
be separated from the carbonate of lime by filtration or otherwise. The solution
thus obtained may be either employed direct in conjunction with an acid, or the
solution may be concentrated or evaporated either with or without the previous
addition of an acid, so as to obtain the desired products in a solid form, and suitable
for the purposes of dyeing and printing.
My Invention further relates to the production of what may be termed substitu-
tion products derived from the sulpho-acid compounds of the rosaniline group,
herein-before referred to. I have found that the desired substitution may be
effected by alcohol radicals of the fatty or aromatic series, and that the desired
result may be obtained by employing for that purpose and in a manner now well
understood by chemists the chlorides, bromides, iodides, or the nitrates of the alcohol
radicals, such as, for example, methyl, ethyl, amyl, benzyle, or other analogous
compounds.
As an example of one process of substitution, the sodium salts of the rosaniline
sulpho-acids, either in a solid form or in solution, are mixed with iodide of methyl,
and the mixture is heated until the desired coloring matter is obtained.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Heinrich Caro in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th April
1878.
HEINRICH CARO, Chemist to the Badische Aniline and Soda Works, of Mannheim,
in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COLORING
MATTERS SUITABLE FOR DYEING AND PRINTING."
This Invention relates to improvements in the production of coloring matters by
converting the basic coloring matters herein-after referred to into new coloring
matters or compounds possessing the general character and properties of acids, and
capable of being employed in the processes of dyeing and printing in the presence of
or with the aid of acids or of acid mordants.
The basic coloring matters before referred to are products resulting from the
manufacture of aniline reds or salts of rosaniline. Some of them are commercially
known under the names of rosaniline, fuchsine, rosine, magenta, ruby, marron,
cerise, grenat, and other names. These coloring matters, as is well understood, are
contained in the first crude product of the said manufacture or in the so-called
"magenta melt," or they are obtained therefrom in a more or less purified con-
dition by the processes of separation and purification employed in the said
manufacture.
66
The before-mentioned coloring matters or products, and which hereafter will be
comprehended and referred to as the rosaniline group," I either employ singly or
mixed with one another; and in some instances I find it advantageous to operate
upon them before effecting their entire or partial purification or separation from one
another in the above manufacture of the rosaniline salts.
The object of my Invention will be readily understood from the following
remarks:-
It is well known that owing to the basic character of the "rosaniline group" the
dyes or coloring matters which belong to that group cannot be conveniently
employed either alone or in admixture with other coloring matters when the
processes of dyeing and printing require the employment of acids or of acid
mordants.
I have discovered that the coloring matters or products herein-before referred to,
and which constitute what I have termed the "rosaniline group," may be converted
into new coloring matters or compounds possessing acid properties, and thus be
rendered capable of being employed in the presence of acids or acid mordants.
Now according to one part of my Invention I submit the before-mentioned
coloring matters, either separately or conjointly, to a treatment with sulphuric acid
in such a manner as to convert them into what is known to chemists as sulpho-
acids, and these sulpho-acids will hereafter be termed and referred to as "the sulpho-
acids of the rosaniline group."
In order to effect this desired conversion the before-mentioned coloring matters of
the rosaniline group are dissolved in or mixed with sulphuric acid, and by preference
with concentrated sulphuric acid or with mixtures of the same with anhydrous
sulphuric acid, commonly known as fuming sulphuric acid, and I operate either at
the ordinary or at an elevated temperature until the conversion into the new coloring
matters or compounds is complete, or nearly so.
The desired result may be ascer-
tained by testing a portion or sample of the mixture, and when the coloring matters
contained therein is found to be practically soluble in a caustic alkali, the operations
may be considered at an end.
In order to separate the thus obtained sulpho-acids of the rosaniline group from
the excess of the sulphuric acid employed for their production, the mixture is diluted
with water and neutralized by preference with milk of lime.
The clear solution resulting from this operation may be decomposed with an alka-
line carbonate, such as carbonate of soda, and the resulting sodium compounds may
be separated from the carbonate of lime by filtration or otherwise. The solution

page_text: thus obtained may be either employed direct in conjunction with an acid, or the
solution may be concentrated or evaporated either with or without the previous
addition of an acid, so as to obtain the desired products in a solid form, and suitable
for the purposes of dyeing and printing.
As an example of the manner in which my Invention may be applied to the con-
version of rosaniline or its salts into dyes of an acid nature, and which may be
termed the sulpho-acids of rosaniline, I take about 10 lbs. of rosaniline, or about the
equivalent weight of the hydrochlorate arseniate or sulphate thereof, but I generally
prefer the latter, and I first thoroughly dry the same at a temperature of about 110°
centigrade; I then add the same in small portions at a time to about 40 lbs. by
weight of ordinary fuming or Nordhausen sulphuric acid, containing about from 80
to 85 per cent. of dry or anhydrous sulphuric acid, and I keep the mixture well
stirred all the time, and do not allow its temperature to rise above 170° centigrade.
The action is to be continued at about 100° centigrade during from about three to four
hours, or until the conversion into the sulpho-acids of rosaniline is complete, or
nearly so, which point may be ascertained by repeatedly testing a sample of the
mixture, and when the same is found to be soluble in an excess of alkali the opera
tion may be terminated. The mixture is then diluted with water and neutralized
with milk of lime, and then filtered, and the solution thus resulting may be subse
quently treated in the manner before described in order to obtain the coloring
matters in a solid form, and suitable for the purposes of dyeing and printing.
In a similar manner I treat "magenta melt," and the various purple, red, and
yellow basic coloring matters or mixtures of the same which may be obtained from
it, besides rosaniline, as above described, in order to prepare dyes of an acid nature,
which may be advantageously employed as substitutes for archill or some of the
natural dyes in the processes of dyeing and printing.
و"
My Invention further relates to the production of what may be termed substi-
tution products derived from the sulpho-acid compounds of the rosaniline group
herein-before referred to. I have found that the desired substitution may be
effected by alcohol radicals of the fatty or aromatic series, and that the desired
result may be obtained by employing for that purpose and in a manner now well
understood by chemists the chlorides, bromides, iodides, or the nitrates of the alcohol
radicals, such as, for example, methyl, ethyl, amyl, benzyle, or other analogous
compounds.
As an example of one process of ethyl substitution I take about 10 lbs. of the
sodium compound of the rosaniline sulpho-acids, as above described, and about 5
gallons of water, and about 5 gallons of alcohol or methylated spirit, and I mix the
same in a suitable still provided with a steam jacket and a condensing arrangement,
which allows the condensed vapors to run back into the still, and I add to the
mixture about 0.75 lbs. of caustic soda liquor of about 1-38 specific gravity, and about
1.3 lbs. of iodide of ethyl. The contents of the still are then heated to ebullition,
when the mixture, which is first of a yellowish color, gradually assumes a purple
tint. This point being arrived at, another similar portion of about 0.75 lbs. of
caustic soda liquor of about 1.38 specific gravity, and about 1-3 lbs. of iodide of ethyl are
added, and the addition of the same in about similar proportions is repeated so long
as the mixture assumes a purple tint, and until altogether a quantity of about
4.5 lbs. of caustic soda liquor of about 1.38 specific gravity, and about 7.8 lbs. of iodide
of ethyl have been consumed in this operation. The contents of the still are then
neutralized by preference with muriatic acid, and after the alcohol is recovered by
distilation they are run off and allowed to cool; they are then mixed with an
aqueous solution of sulphurous acid until the solution becomes decolorized, or nearly
so, and the smell of sulphurous acid remains permanent after several hours' standing.
From the decolorized solution thus obtained the iodine may be conveniently
recovered as subiodide of copper by precipitation with sulphate of copper or other-
wise, and the filtered solution may be freed from sulphurous acid by ebullition, and
afterwards neutralized with an alkali or an alkaline carbonate, again filtered if
necessary, and evaporated to dryness, by preference after the addition of as much of

page_text: a mineral or organic acid as will be found requisite to turn the solution of a dis-
tinctly purple tint. In this manner an ethylated substitution compound of the
rosaniline sulpho-acids may be obtained possessing similar acid properties of a tint
modified by substitution, and suitable as a purple coloring matter for dyeing and
printing.
Analogous results are obtained by replacing in the above process the iodide of
ethyl by its equivalent weight of the iodides of methyl or amyl, or by employing for
that purpose, and in a manner now well understood by chemists, the above-named
chlorides, bromides, and nitrates of alcohol radicals, such as methyl, ethyl, amyl,
benzyle, or xylyle.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in which
the same may be carried into effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine
myself to the exact details as above described, as the proportions, weights, tempera-
tures, concentration of acids, processes, and so forth, may be varied to a large extent,
but what I claim as my Invention is,―
First. The conversion of the basic coloring matters of the rosaniline group,"
either singly or mixed with one another, into the sulpho-acids of the rosaniline
group" by submitting the same to the action of sulphuric acid, and then effecting
the separation of the results thus obtained in order to obtain coloring matters of an
acid nature suitable for dyeing and printing, substantially in the manner herein-
before described.
Secondly. The conversion of the before-mentioned sulpho-acids of the rosaniline
group into what are known as substitution derivatives by submitting the same to
the action of either chlorides, bromides, iodides, or nitrates of the alcohol radicals
or mixtures of the same in order to obtain coloring matters of an acid nature
suitable for dyeing and printing, substantially in the manner herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Heinrich Caro, have to this my Specification
set iny hand and seal, the Fifth day of April, One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-eight.
HEINRICH CARO. (L.S.)

page_text: Flied Zna marca 1000
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME WE the BADISCHE
ANILINE AND SODA FABRIK & Company dúly incorporated according to the Laws of
the Grand Duchy of Baden Send Greeting WHEREAS Her Most Excellent
Majesty Queen Victoria by her Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great.
Britain and Ireland bearing date at Westminster the Eighth day of October in
the year of our Lord One thousand. eight hundred and seventy seven in the
Forty first year of Her Reign did for herself her heirs and successors give and
grant unto Heinrich Caro Chemist to the Badische Aniline and Soda Works of
Mannheim in the Empire of Germany his executors administrators and assigns
especial license full power sole privilege and authority that he the said Heinrich
Caro his executors administrators or assigns and every of them by himself and
themselves or by his and their Deputy or Deputies Servants or Agents or such,
others as he his executors administrators.or assigns should at any time agree
with and no other from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed should and lawfully might make use exercise and vend within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland the Channel Islands and Isle
of Man an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COLORING
MATTERS SUITABLE FOR DYEING AND PRINTING" for and during the term of
Fourteen years thence next ensuing And whereas in pursuance. and performance
of a proviso in the said letters patent contained the said Heinrich Caro, did. within
six calendar months next after the date of the said Letters Patent cause a.
Specification in writing under his hand and seal' purporting to particularly
describe the nature of the said Invention and in what manner the same was to
be performed to be duly filed in the Great Seal Patent Office And whereas by
Indenture bearing date the seventh day of August one thousand eight hundred and
eighty and made between the said Heinrich Caro of the one part and us the said:
Badische Aniline and Soda Fabrik of the other part the said Heinrich Caro
assigned unto us the said Badische Aniline and Soda Fabrik the said herein before,
recited Letters Patent and all rights powers authorities privileges advantages
profits emoluments and benefits of the said Letters Patent appertaining or belonging
And whereas we have ascertained that the first of the claims as made in the said
Specification and some expressions in the body of the said Specification may be

page_text: "
held to comprise matters which extend beyond the Invention which can be properly
claimed under the Grant of the said Letters Patent We are therefore desirous of
limiting the first claim of the said Specification and of altering the verbiage of
parts of the body of the said Specification as herein after set forth NOW
KNOW YE that we the said Badische Aniline and Soda Fabrik by and with
the leave of Her Majesty's Attorney General for the reasons aforesaid do alter and
an end the said Specification in manner following that is to say. We insert in the
Specification printed by the Queens Printers and published at the Great Seal Patent
Office in One thousand eight hundred and seventy eight the word "red" between
the words "the" and "basic" which occurs on lines 8 and 12 of page 3 and we strike
out the words "some of them" which occur in line 13 and insert in place of such
words the word "They." We also insert between the words "cerise" and "grenat"
which occur in line 15 of the same page the word "and" and strike out the
words "and other names on the same line. We also strike out the words
"with concentrated sulphuric acid or with mixtures of the same with anhydrous
sulphuric acid" which occur on lines 43 and 44 of the same page and insert
instead thereof the words "with mixtures of concentrated sulphuric acid
mixtures being" and we strike out the word "is" which occurs in line 48 of the
same page and insert in lieu thereof the word “ are We also strike out the word
purple" and the words "and yellow" which occur on lines 22 and 23 of page 4
of the said printed Specification and insert the word "red" between the words
"the" and "basic" which occur in line 16 of page 5 of the said Specification We
also insert the words "as herein before defined" after the word "group" at the end
of the same line 16 page 5 and in order that the effect of the Disclaimer and
Memorandum of Alteration as aforesaid may be clearly understood I annex hereto
a copy of the said Specification as it will appear when so altered and amended the
preamble and testing clause being omitted.
16
"
with anhydrous sulphuric acid
&
such
This Invention relates to improvements in the production of coloring matters by
converting the red basic coloring matters hereinafter referred to into new colouring
matters or compounds possessing the general character and properties of acids and
capable of being employed in the processes of dyeing and printing in the presence
of or with the aid of acids or of acid mordants.
The red basic coloring matters before referred to are products resulting from the
manufacture of aniline reds or salts of rosaniline. They are commercially known
under the names of rosaniline, fuchsine, roseine, magenta, ruby, marron, cerise, and
grenat. These coloring matters as is well understood are contained in the first
crude product of the said manufacture or in the so called "magenta melt
are obtained therefrom in a more or less purified condition by the processes of
or they
separation and purification employed in the said manufacture.
"
"
The before mentioned coloring matters or products and which hereafter will be
comprehended and referred to as "the rosaniline group' I either employ Bingly
or mixed with one another, and in some instances I find it advantageous to operate
upon them before effecting their entire or partial purification or separation from
one another in the above manufacture of the rosaniline salts.
The object of my Invention will be readily understood from the following
remarks:-
"
It is well known that owing to the basic character of the "rosaniline group
the dyes or coloring matters which belong to that group cannot be conveniently
employed either alone or in admixture with other coloring matters when the
processes of dyeing and printing require the employment of acids or of acid
mordants.
I have discovered that the coloring matters or products hereinbefore referred to
and which constitute what I have termed the "rosaniline group" may be converted
into new coloring matters or compounds possessing acid properties and thus be
rendered capable of being employed in the presence of acids or acid mordants.
Now according to one part of my Invention I submit the before-mentioned coloring
matters either separately or conjointly to a treatment with sulphuric acid in such

page_text: a manner as to convert them into what is known to chemists as sulpho acids and
these Sulpho acids will hereafter be termed and referred to as "the sulpho-acids of
the rosaniline group
"
In order to effect this desired conversion the before mentioned coloring matters
of the rosaniline group are dissolved in or mixed with sulphuric acid and by
preference with mixtures of concentrated sulphuric acid with anhydrous sulphuric
acid such mixtures being commonly known as fuming sulphuric acid and I operate
either at the ordinary or at an elevated temperature until the conversion into the
new coloring matters or compounds is complete or nearly so. The desired result
may be ascertained by testing a portion or sample of the mixture and when the
coloring matters contained therein are found to be practically soluble in a caustic
alkali the operations may be considered at an end.
In order to separate the thus obtained sulpho-acids of the rosaniline group from
the excess of the sulphuric acid employed for their production the mixture is
diluted with water and neutralised by preference with milk of lime.
The clear solution resulting from this operation may be decomposed with an
alkaline carbonate such as carbonate of soda and the resulting sodium compounds
may be separated from the carbonate of lime by filtration or otherwise. The
solution thus obtained may be either employed direct in conjunction with an acid,
or the solution may be concentrated or evaporated either with or without the
previous addition of an acid so as to obtain the desired products in a solid form
and suitable for the purposes of dyeing and printing.
As an example of the manner in which my Invention may be applied to the
conversion of rosaniline or its salts into dyes of an acid nature and which may be
termed the sulpho acids of rosaniline I take about 10 lbs of rosaniline or about the
equivalent weight of the hydrochlorate arseniate or sulphate thereof but I generally
prefer the latter and I first thoroughly dry the same at a temperature of about
110° Centigrade I then add the same in small portions at a time to about 40 lbs by
weight of ordinary fuming or Nordhausen sulphuric acid, containing about from
80 to 85 per cent of dry or anhydrous sulphuric acid and I keep the mixture well
stirred all the time and do not allow its temperature to rise above 170° Centigrade.
The action is to be continued at about 100° centigrade during from about three to
four hours or until the conversion into the sulpho-acids of rosaniline is complete or
nearly so which point may be ascertained by repeatedly testing a sample of the
mixture and when the same is found to be soluble in an excess of alkali the
operation may be terminated. The mixture is then diluted with water and
neutralized with milk of lime, and then filtered and the solution thus resulting may
be subsequently treated in the manner before described in order to obtain the
coloring matters in a solid form and suitable for the purposes of dyeing and
printing.
In a similar manner I treat "magenta melt" and the various red basic coloring
matters or mixtures of the same which may be obtained from it, besides rosaniline
as above described in order to prepare dyes of an acid nature which may be
advantageously employed as substitutes for archill or some of the natural dyes in
the processes of dyeing and printing.
My Invention further relates to the production of what may be termed
substitution products derived from the sulpho-acid compounds of the "rosaniline
group " hereinbefore referred to. I have found that the desired substitution may
be effected by alcohol radicals of the fatty or aromatic series and that the desired
result may be obtained by employing for that purpose and in a manner now well
understood by chemists the chlorides bromides iodides or the nitrates of the
alcohol radicals such as for example methyl, ethyl, amyl, benzyle or other analogous
compounds.
As an example of one process of ethyl substitution I take about 10 lbs of the
sodium compound of the rosaniline sulpho acids as above described and about
5 gallons of water and about 5 gallons of alcohol or methylated spirit and I mix
the same in a suitable still provided with a steam jacket and a condensing

page_text: arrangement which allows the condensed vapors to run back into the still and I
add to the mixture about 0.75 lbs. of caustic soda liquor of about 1.38 specific
gravity and about 1.3 lbs of iodide of ethyl. The contents of the still are
then heated to ebullition when the mixture which is first of a yellowish color
gradually assumes a purple tint. This point being arrived at another similar
portion of about 0-75 lbs of caustic soda liquor of about 1.38 specific gravity
and about 13 lbs of iodide of ethyl are added and the addition of the same
in about similar proportions is repeated so long as the mixture assumes a purple
tint and until altogether a quantity of about 4.5 lbs of caustic soda liquor of about
1.38 specific gravity and about 7.8 lbs of iodide of ethyl have been consumed in this
operation. The contents of the still are then neutralized by preference with muriatic
acid and after the alcohol is recovered by distillation they are run off and allowed
to cool they are then mixed with an aqueous solution of sulphurous acid until the
solution becomes decolorized or nearly so and the smell of sulphurous acid remains
permanent after several hours standing From the decolorized solution thus
obtained the iodine may be conveniently recovered as subiodide of copper by
precipitation with sulphate of copper or otherwise and the filtered solution may be
freed from sulphurous acid by ebullition and afterwards neutralized with an
alkali or an alkaline carbonate again filtered if necessary and evaporated to dryness
by preference after the addition of as much of a mineral or organic acid as will be
found requisite to turn the solution of a distinctly purple tint. In this manner an
ethylated substitution compound of the rosaniline sulpho acids may be obtained
possessing similar acid properties of a tint modified by substitution and suitable
as a purple coloring matter for dyeing and printing.
'
Analogous results are obtained by replacing in the above process the iodide of
ethyl by its equivalent weight of the iodides of methyl or amyl or by employing
for that purpose and in a manner now well understood by Chemists the above
named chlorides bromides and nitrates of alcohol radicals such as methyl ethyl
amyl benzyle or xylyle
Having now described the nature of my said Invention and the manner in which
the same may be carried into effect I wish it to be understood that I do not confine
myself to the exact details as above described as the proportions weights
temperatures concentration of acids processes and so forth may be varied to a large
extent but what I claim as my Invention is
"
First: The conversion of the red basic coloring matters of the "rosaniline
group" as herein before defined either singly or mixed with one another into the
sulpho-acids of the "rosaniline group by submitting the same to the action of
sulphuric acid and then effecting the separation of the results thus obtained in
order to obtain coloring matters of an acid nature suitable for dyeing and printing
substantially in the manner hereinbefore described.
Secondly-The conversion of the before mentioned sulpho-ncids of the rosaniline
group into what are known as substitution derivatives by submitting the same to
the action of either chlorides bromides iodides or nitrates of the alcohol radicals or
mixtures of the same in order to obtain coloring matters of an acid nature suitable
for dyeing and printing substantially in the manner hereinbefore described..
In witness whereof we have hereunto set our hand and caused our Common
Seal to be hereunto affixed the twenty seventh day of December one
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
BADISCHE ANILIN & SODA FABRIK

page_text: To, The Commissioners of Patents for Inventions.
I hereby grant my Fiat giving leave to the above named Badische Anilin and
Soda Fabrik, as Assignees of the said Letters Patent, to file in the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents for Inventions, with the Specification to which the
5 same relates, the above written Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration.
Dated this twenty eighth day of February 1883.
HENRY JAMES