CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MANU- FACTURING AND TWISTING SILK, COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUB- STANCES
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henri Louis Dormoy, Merchant, of Paris, in the
French Empire, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MANU-
FACTURING AND TWISTING SILK, COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUB-
STANCES."-A communication.
Sealed the 12th June 1855, and dated the 2nd January 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henri Louis Dormoy
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd January 1855.
I, HENRI LOUIS DORMOY, Merchant, of Paris, in the French Empire, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MANUFACTURING AND TWISTING SILK, COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUB-
STANCES," (communicated to me from abroad,) to be as follows:-
The Invention consists, first, in the employment of cotton, jute, or other
comparatively cheap fibre for a core, which is surrounded by silk or other fibre
of greater value than that forming the core, adhesion being caused between
the fibres by the core being coated or covered with an adhesive solution, and
by the silk or outer fibre being twisted over and round the core.
And the Invention consists, second, in certain apparatuses for twisting the
outer covering round the core in order to form a thread, and for combining
or twisting together two or more of such threads into one when a thick thread

page_text: is required. The first apparatus consists of a bobbin holder containing a
thread of the material to form the core, which we will suppose to be of cotton,
while the outer face is to be of silk. The bobbin is free to revolve upon a
pin passed through it. The cotton thread is carried up through another
holder, for which purpose an aperture is made through it. Two or more
bobbins containing silk threads are mounted loosely upon pins on the upper
part of the holder. Above this second holder is an eye or guide, through
which the cotton thread is first passed, then the threads of silk; and upon
rotary motion being .communicated...to the silk bobbin holder, strands of silk
will become twisted round the cotton core. The thread thus formed is carried
upwards to a receiving bobbin or drum, made to revolve and take up the
threads as fast as formed. When required to twist. several threads into one,
I place bobbins free to revolve upon pins over a shaft; I pass each thread once
round this shaft and next through a flyer on to a reel or bobbin. The flyer is
made to revolve, and thus twists together the number of threads desired.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henri Louis Dormoy in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 2nd July 1855.
.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRI
LOUIS DORMOY, Merchant, of Paris, in the French Empire, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, 'did, for Herself; Her lieirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Henri Louis Dormoy, Her special licence that I, the said Henri
Louis Dormoy, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Henri: Louis Dormoy; my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise; and vend; within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING AND TWISTING SILK, COTTON, WOOL, AND
OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," (a communication),. upon the condition (amongst
others) that. I, the. said Henri Louis Dormoy, by an instrument in writing
under my liand: and seal, should. particularly describe and ascertain the nature

page_text: of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters' Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henri Louis Dormoy; do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
that is to say:-
I.
The Invention consists, first, in the employment of cotton, jute, or other
comparatively cheap fibre for a core, which is surrounded by silk or other fibre
of greater value than that forming the core, adhesion, being caused between
the fibres by the core being coated or covered with an adhesive solution,,and,
by the silk or outer fibre being, twisted over and round the core.
And the Invention consists, second, in certain apparatuses: for twisting. the
outer covering round the core in order to form a thread, and for combining or
twisting together two, or more, of such threads into one, when a thick, thread
is required. The first apparatus consists of a bobbin holder containing a
thread of the material to form the core, which we will suppose to be of
cotton, while the outer face is to be of silk.. The bobbin is free to revolve
upon a pin passed through it. The cotton thread is carried up through another
holder,, for which purpose an aperture is made through it. Two or more,
bobbins containing silk threads are mounted loosely upon pins on the upper.
part of the holder. Above this second. holder, is an eye or guide, through
which the cotton thread is first passed, then the threads of silk; and upon
rotary motion being communicated to the silk bobbin holder, strands of silk
will become twisted round the cotton core. The thread thus formed is carried
upwards to a receiving bobbin or drum, made to revolve and take up the
threads as fast as formed. When required to twist several threads into one, I
place bobbins free to revolve upon pins, over a shaft; .I pass each thread once
round this shaft and next through a flyer on to a reel or bobbin. The flyer is.
made to revolve, and thus twists together, the number of threads desired.'.
..
The manner in which my Invention may be carried into effect is as follows:->
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a machine constructed according to my
Invention for forming threads with a core of some substance relatively inferior
to that forming the coating, or outside thereof.. A is the framework. The.silk
threads are wound upon reels a, a', as more clearly shewn in the enlarged
detached views, Figures 2 and. 3. The axes of the reels are supported in
blocks c, c, c¹, c'.. d is a groove, on one end of each reel, over-which a small
break e, in the form of a cord, is, passed. One end of each.break.is fixed at.

page_text: the point f, while a weight 9, in the form of an iron pin, is suspended from the
other end. The silk threads h, h', pass through an eye i in the long arm of a
cranked lever j, which is centred at 7, and carries, suspended from its short
arm, a balance weight m, in the form of an iron pin; the lever j is stopped in
its fall by the stop n; should a silk thread break, the long arm of the lever flies
out, the pin weight m falls, and projects below the plate B, upon which the
reels are held. The silk threads, after passing through one of the holes in
the crown p, become wound, by the rotation of the plate B, round the cotton
thread q, which issues from an aperture in the centre of the crown, after
passing up through a hollow central tube c. The moveable plate B is mounted
outside the tube C, which gives passage to the cotton thread, and motion is
communicated to it by a belt D, which may be passed round a loose pulley o.
The plate B is supported by a cross piece 7, where it is held by a nut s, above
the cotton reel t. The cotton thread after being covered with silk passes
through a guide t' over a guide roller w, and after being rolled successively
round the rollers, ¹, ", is received upon the reel y, to which rotary motion
is imparted by the frictional contact of its edges with the roller k, set in motion
by any suitable gear. The belt D is worked by the rigger. E, around which
it passes, as well as over the weighted tension roller s'. A guide rod (3) is
furnished to each plate, whereby to transfer the belt from the fast to the loose
pulley to put the plates B into or out of motion. 4 is a roller, supported
upon the block F, and free to turn upon its axis. This roller carries a hook
6, which holds the rod 7, drawn downward by the counterweight 8. The
roller 4 carries opposite to the hook 6 a projecting rod 9, and upon the
breaking of any one of the silk threads a pin weight m falls, comes against
one of the projecting rods 9, makes the roller 4 turn, until it frees the rod 7
from the hook 6; whereupon a roller 10 turns upon its axis, causes the bar
11, connected to the belt carrier 12, also to turn, and by its motion the
belt is transferred from the fast to the loose pulley, whereby the motion of
the apparatus is stopped. At the same time, and consequent upon the same
movement of the belt carrier 12, the reel y is raised through the levers 121, 122,
out of contact with the roller k, and consequently the reel y ceases to draw off
any more thread. It will be seen that the transmission of the motions, as
well as the arrangement of the various gear, may be varied, without, however,
departing from the main features of my Invention. The apparatus I employ
for twisting several threads or strands formed in the manner aforesaid into one
larger thread or cord is shewn at Figure 4. The threads after leaving the
feeding reels v, v¹, vl, make one turn round the roller y, in order to free them
from any kink, and are then passed through a hole in the head of the flyer Z,

page_text: then through an aperture in one of the flyer legs on to the receiving reel W.
The flyer, rotating rapidly round the reel, winds upon it the finished thread or
cord, communicating at the same time a strong twist to the separate threads or
strands, which unites them firmly together, to form a single thread or cord from
two or more strands." Figure 5 is an additional apparatus, which may be used
with that last described for the purpose of causing the finished thread or cord
to be wound regularly upon the receiving reel. a is an eccentric, which
presses upon one end of a balance lever b, and raises or depresses the reel
carrier c in such manner as to cause the thread or cord to be wound thereon
with regularity through the whole height or length of the reel. The threads
when finished either by the apparatus first described or by both apparatuses
may be passed through water slightly acidulated, in order to give them the
brilliancy and feel of silk threads, and to overcome the stiffness the adhesive
solution may have given to the core.
Many variations may be effected in carrying my Invention into operation
without departing from the main features thereof; one of which consists in
causing bobbins or reels holding silk or other valuable fibrous substance to
rotate round and cover a core of cotton or other material of less value than
that of which the covering is composed, and that as quickly as the complete
thread is formed, and rolled off upon a finishing reel after passing round
stretching rollers. The method herein-before described of stopping the covering
apparatus upon the breaking of a thread may also be varied, so as to attain
the result which forms a prominent feature in this part of my Invention,
namely, the stopping of the apparatus upon the breaking of one of the covering
threads by a part of the apparatus itself setting free certain other parts,
whereby the driving strap is transferred to a loose pulley, and at the same
time the drawing-off reel is lifted out of gear with the roller which sets it in
motion.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First, the manufacture of a thread composed of a core of cotton or other
substance surrounded by silk or other fibrous substance of greater value
than that forming the core, by the means and in the manner herein-before
described.
Second, the general arrangement and construction of the apparatuses
herein-before described, and represented in the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Third, the means of stopping the working of the covering apparatus upon
the breaking of a thread by a part thereof setting free certain other parts, as
herein-before described.

page_text: And, fourth, the causing of threads during their manufacture to be wound
upon reels with regularity by the means herein-before described and represented
in the Drawings hereunto-annexed: ⚫
'In witness whereof, I, the said Henri Louis Dormoy, have "hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five