IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS AND THEIR FURNACES
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
I HENRY CLAY BULL of Cumberland Chambers, Victoria Street, Liverpool, in
the County of Lancaster, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS AND THEIR FURNACES to be
as follows:
My Invention relates to certain improvements in boilers for generating steam and
in furnaces therefor, which boilers are so constructed and fitted as to ensure perfect
circulation of the water therein and so provide against the deposit of scale and
solid matters upon the heated surfaces of the boiler. The furnace is so constructed
as to form a gas producer and in connection with which there is a chamber forming
a combustion chamber.
A steam generator constructed according to this Invention consists of three
vertical cylindrical vessels which may be placed side by side, and one, which may
be the centre vessel, being a water vessel and steam chest, and the side vessels,
which are duplicates containing the gas producing furnaces, combustion chambers,
heating surface, and feed water heaters; Each side vessel consists of a cylindrical
shell and the lower portion, which is of "wet" construction, contains an ash pit,
fire grate and gas producing furnace, the crown of which is constructed of refractory
material in which are provided openings for the passage of the gases into the
combustion chamber, the crown also forming the bottom of the combustion chamber
and the combustion chamber is lined with refractory material. Passages, or
openings are provided in the side of and round the combustion chamber for the
admission of air to support the combustion of the gases from the gas producing
furnace. Above the combustion chamber there is a nest of tubes extending from a
tube plate, which forms the top of the combustion chamber to a tube plate above
and above this nest of tubes, the feed water heater is placed, which consists of a
nest of tubes extending from a tube plate a short distance above the first mentioned
tubes to a tube plate at the top of the vessel an uptake being provided over the
tubes, leading to the chimney. The side vessels are connected to the centre vessel
by water ways, namely there are waterways connecting the centre vessel at its
lower portion to the lower portion of the side vessels and waterways connect the
side vessels at about the upper portion of the nest of tubes to the centre vessel.
Pipes are provided connecting the upper portion of the feed water heaters with the
lower portion of the side vessels. The lower portion of the central, or water vessel

page_text: is provided with plates, or diaphragms which form a sediment precipitator. The
plates are arranged thus: two upper inclined plates deflect and direct the water to
the centre of the vessel and form a contracted passage for the circulation of the
water and under and within these upper plates are two other vertical plates, or
diaphragms, the upper edges of which extend up and above the level of the lower
edge of the upper inclined plates.
The furnaces are provided with close fitting ashpit doors and with feeding doors,
and "Blowers" such as "Korting" blowers are provided to supply air and steam
for generating gas and supporting combustion of the fuel in the furnace.
The circulation of the water is as follows: Presuming the water to be flowing up
round the heating tubes due to the heat in such tubes, when it reaches the upper
portion of the tubes it flows through the connecting passages into the central
vessel where steam is liberated; the water then circulates down and rapidly passes
the opening between the deflectors therein, and there rises slowly up and over the
vertical diaphragms and through the lower connecting passages into the lower water
space of the side vessels, namely the water space round the furnaces. The rapid
down. flow in the central vessel between the deffector plates and slow rise up over
the vertical diaphragm causes sediment or solid particles, or matter to be precipitated
to the bottom of the vessel from whence it can be blown off, or otherwise removed.
After the water has entered the space round the furnaces, it rises up and round
their sides and the sides of the combustion chambers. Above the lower tube
plates, which form the crowns of the combustion chambers there are provided
deflector plates, the water as it flows up above the sides of the combustion chambers
strikes against the deflectors, which causes the water to sweep over the surface of
the tube plates and then again up the heating tubes.
The arrangement of gas producing furnace and combustion chamber as above
described as part of my improved boiler can be applied to boilers generally.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I HENRY CLAY BULL of Cumberland Chambers, Victoria Street, Liverpool in
the County of Lancaster, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM, GENERATORS AND THEIR FURNACES and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:—
i
My Invention relates to certain improvements in boilers for generating steam
and in furnaces therefor, which boilers are so constructed and fitted as to ensure
perfect circulation of the water therein and so provide against the deposit of scale
and solid matters upon the heated surfaces of the boiler. The furnace is so
constructed as to form a gas producer and in connection with which there is a
chamber forming a combustion chamber.
Figure 1 is a part sectional elevation of a boiler for generating steam with my
improvements applied thereto.
Figure 2 is a sectional plan of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is an end elevation partly in section of Figure 1.
Figure 4 shows a slightly modified form of furnace according to my Invention.
A steam generator constructed according to this Invention consists of three
vertical cylindrical vessels which may be placed side by side and one the centre
vessel A being a water vessel and steam chest, and the side vessels B B which are
duplicates containing the gas producing furnaces C combustion chambers D heating
surface J and feed water beators E. Each side vessel consists of a cylindrical
shell and. the lower portion which is of "wet" construction contains an ashpit F
fire grate and gas producing furnace C the crown G of which is constructed of
refractory material in which are provided openings G₁ for the passage of the gases
into the combustion chamber the crown G also forming the bottom of the
combustion chamber D and the combustion chamber is lined with refractory
material D'. Passages, or openings D' are provided in the side of and round the
combustion chamber for the admission of air to support combustion of the gases
from the gas producing furnace. Above the combustion chamber there is a nest of
tubes J extending from a tube plate K which forms the top of the combustion
chamber, to a tube plate K' above, and above this nest of tubes, the feed water
heater E is placed, which consists of a nest of tubes extending from a tube plate E¹
to a tube plate E at the top of the vessel, an uptake M being provided over the
tubes leading to the chimney N. The side vessels B B are connected to the centre
vessel by water ways O and waterways P at about the upper portion of the nest of
tubes. Pipes are provided connecting the upper portion of the feed water heaters
with the lower portion of the side vessels. The lower portion of the central, or
water vessel A is provided with plates, or diaphragms R and T which form a
sediment precipitator. The plates are arranged thus: two upper inclined plates R
deflect and direct the water to the centre of the vessel and form a contracted
passage S for the circulation of the water and under and within these upper plates
are two other vertical plates, or diaphragms T, the upper edges of which extend up
and above 'the level of the lower edge of the upper inclined plates R.
The furnaces C are provided with close fitting ashpit doors U and with feeding
doors V and "Blowers" W such as those of " Korting" provided to supply air and
steam for generating gas and supporting combustion of the fuel in the furnace.

page_text: The circulation of the water is as follows: Presuming the water to be flowing up
round the heating tubes G due to the heat in such tubes, when it reaches the upper
portion of the tubes it flows through the connecting passages P into the central
vessel A where steam is liberated; the water then circulates down and rapidly
passes the opening S between the deflectors R therein, and then rises slowly up and
over the vertical diaphragms T and through the lower connecting passages O into
the lower water space of the side vessels, namely the water space round the
furnaces C. The rapid down flow in the central vessel between the deflector
plates R and slow rise up over the vertical diaphragms T causes sediment, or solid
particles, or matter to be precipitated to the bottom of the vessel A from whence it
can be blown off, or otherwise removed. After the water has entered the space
round the furnaces C it rises up and around their sides and the sides of the
combustion chambers D. Above the lower tube plates which form the crowns of
the combustion chambers there are provided deflector plates Y, the water as it flows
up above the sides of the combustion chambers strikes against the deflectors Y
causing the water to sweep over the surface of the tube plates K, and then again up
the heating tubes.
The arrangement of gas producing furnace and combustion chamber as above
described as part of my improved boiler can be applied to boilers of the locomotive,
or other typo.
The crown, or arch G is provided to serve as a means of facilitating the
conversion of the gases as generated in the producers C into combustible gases and
acts in the following manner. The gases are generated and rise off the charge of
fuel in the furnaces and are converted into combustible or permanent gases by the
heat of the crown, or arch which has become highly heated. The refractory
lining D' in the combustion chamber D aids to complete the combustion of the
gases.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
First The use in connection with steam generators in which the steam is
generated by gas produced as described of a crown, or arch (such as G) whereby the
gas producing, and the combustion chambers are separated as set forth for the
purposes described.
Second In steam generators in which the steam is generated by gas produced as
described The combination of a gas producer (such as C) an arch, or crown (such
as G) and a combustion chamber (such as D) as and for the purposes set forth.
Third In steam generators in which the steam is generated by gas produced as
described, the combination with a producer (such as C) and a combustion chamber
(such as D) of a refractory crown, or arch and provided with passages (such as G¹)
and a refractory lining D' as set forth, for the purposes described and as shown in
the Drawings hereto annexed.
Fourth The combination with the steam generator J of the feed water heater E
constructed and operating as described and shown in the Drawings hereto
annexed.
A