IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATING APPARATUS
Year: 1884

page_text: "
I SYDNEY PITT of Sutton in the County of Surrey Gentleman do hereby declare
the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATING APPARATUS
a communication to me from abroad by Raoul Pierre Pictet of Geneva Switzerland
to be as follows:-
Small refrigerating apparatus of which the hourly production is less than
15,000 calories all as at present, constructed present numerous and serious
inconveniences.
To avoid as far as possible the difficulties and defects. at present existing in
refrigerating machines a special application is made of inventions which I have
nade the subject of other Patent applications.
For compressing the volatile liquid by. preference the Westinghouse compressor
is adopted.
The compressor with its motor is composed of two cylinders, one for the motive
vapour and the other a compressor utilizing the effort. Fly wheel connecting rod
crank and all rotary movements are entirely suppressed.
To and fro movement is
automatically established by the simple opening of the steam cock connecting the
steam generator with the motor cylinder.
Any system realizing these essential conditions may be adapted to the arrange-
ment in view. As accessory details as large a diameter as is compatible with the
dimensions of the valve chest is given to the suction valves of the compressor and
the seat is made with a considerable angle to prevent the said valves sticking.
The compressor may be horizontal or vertical, and it matters not whether the
steam cylinder be above or below.
The condenser and refrigerator I make as described in my application of even
date, with the present with iron pipes within which the vapours of the volatile
liquid are condensed in the one case and in the other allowed to expand producing
the desired fall of temperature.
A specially convenient arrangement consists in adopting for the condenser and
refrigerator a single sheet iron tank separated into two independent compartments,
either by two plates leaving an empty space between them or by boards of wood
or other body which is a bad conductor of heat.

page_text: In one of the compartments the condenser is placed, in the other the refrigerator.
The two sheet metal tanks are thus connected by the same exterior walls which
facilitates transport and renders the arrangement on board a ship more convenient.
The sides of this. large tank are very rigid especially if the thickness of one of
them be increased, advantage is taken of this circumstance to fix against one of
the vertical faces of the sheet metal tank the compressor of the type already
specified.
The three essential parts of the refrigerating apparatus, the pump and its motor,
the condenser and the refrigerator are thus very intimately connected.
As to volatile liquid-all liquids as ammonia, methyl, ether, chloride of methyl
and hydrous sulphurous acid may be employed but more especially the employment
of a new volatile liquid the subject of another Patent application of even date is
intended, for which I applied, and there called Pictets liquid.
Formula for this liquid is C. O. S*
For the circulation of the unfreezable liquid in the refrigerator any system of
agitation operated by a simple to and fro movement may be employed.
In case the cold is utilized underneath the compartment of the refrigerator the
circulation of the unfreezable liquid will be obtained by means of a special pump
and then the movement of the unfreezable liquid in the freezing tank will thus be
produced directly.
Dat you
1001A

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I SYDNEY PITT of Sutton in the County of Surrey Gentleman do hereby declare
the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATING APPARATUS
a communication to me from abroad by Raoul Pierre Pictet of Geneva Switzerland
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following.statement :—
Small refrigerating apparatus of which the hourly production is less than
15,000 calories all as at present constructed present numerous and serious incon-
veniences. They may be summed up shortly in the following observations.
1. The cost of this apparatus is very large compared with the small production
of the necessary apparatus.
2. The keeping in repair and supervision cost almost as much as for a large
apparatus, and adds greatly to the cost of the product.
3. Inevitable leakage from the stuffing box and the joints are the cause in the
ordinary arrangements of a great reduction in the yield.
4. The space occupied by the compresser and its motor is too large to admit of
this type of machine becoming common for use at sea.
5. Rolling and pitching interfere greatly with the working on board ship of
machines of the ordinary construction.
6. These apparatus require a special mounting which occasions cost and is
sometimes the cause of miscalculations which it is impossible to avoid.
To avoid as far as possible the difficulties and defects at present éxisting in
refrigerating machines a special application is made of inventions which I have
made the subject of other patents.
1. The first consists of the compressing pump for the volatile liquid.
By preference the Westinghouse compressor is adopted, it consists of a steam
cylinder and a compressing cylinder fixed on the same frame and working without
fly wheel or connecting rod by means of an automatic distribution of the steam.
This system which is capable of many modifications in detail presents the
following satisfactory qualities.
The compressor with its motor is composed of two cylinders, one for the motive
vapour and the other a compressor utilizing the effort of the vapour. Flywheel,
connecting rod, crank and all rotary movements are entirely suppressed. To and
fro movement is automatically established by the simple opening of the steam cock
connecting the steam generator with the motor cylinder.
Any system realizing these essential conditions may be adapted to the object
in view. As accessory details as large a diameter as is compatible with the
dimensions of the valve chest is given to the suction valves of the compressor and
the seat is made with a considerable angle to prevent the said valves sticking.
Further, the system of valves may be any ordinary, the, compressor may be
horizontal or vertical, and it matters not whether the steam cylinder be above or
below.
The sizes of the motor cylinder and compressor will vary according to the nature
of the volatile liquid employed.
The condenser and the refrigerator I make as described in my application of
even date with the present with iron pipes within which the vapours of the
volatile liquid are condensed in the one case and in the other allowed to expand,
producing the desired fall of temperature.

page_text: "
:
A specially convenient arrangement consists in adopting for the condenser and
refrigerator a single sheet iron tank separated into two independent compartments,
either by two plates leaving an empty space between them or by boards of wood
or other body which is a bad conductor of heat..
In one of the compartments the condenser is placed, in the other the refrigerator.
The two sheet metal tanks are thus connected by the same exterior walls which
facilitates transport and renders the arrangement on board a ship more convenient.
The sides of this large tank, are very, rigid especially, if the thickness of one of
them be increased' advantage is taken of this circumstance to fix vertically or
horizontally against one of the vertical faces of the sheet metal tank, the com-
pressor of the type already specified:
The three essential parts of the refrigerating apparatus, the pump and its motor,
the condenser, and' the refrigerator are thus very intimately connected:
The apparatus all put together can be sent to its destination without its being
necessary for a trained workman to go with it. Steam boats and even sailing
ships can take it in, without, too large, a sacrifice of. space. The apparatus: is
especially, useful for the preservation of food and other purposes on board ship.
The apparatus requires, little care: and. does not require a mechanic to. work it.
Finally, the cost of construction is small in comparison: with. that of, machines at
present in use.
As to volatile liquid-all liquids as ammonia, methyl,, ether,, chloride. of methyl,
and hydrous sulphurous acid. may be employed but more.. especially, the employ-
ment of a new volatile, liquid the subject of another patent of even date, is
intended. This liquid is, there, called Pictet's, liquid,. its molecular formula
is C. O' S.
For the circulation of the unfreezable liquid. in the, refrigerator any, system of
agitation operated by a simple: to and fro movement may be employed.
In case the cold is utilized underneath the compartment of the refrigerator the
circulation.of the unfreezable liquid: will be obtained by means of a pump. provided
for the purpose and. then the movement of the unfreezable liquid. in the freezing
tank will thus be. produced directly.
This new, apparatus is called Pictet's Marine Machine..
Having now particularly described and. ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed' I. declare that what
I claim is
1. The employment substantially as described in refrigerating machines: of small
power of a direct acting, compressor without fly wheel, connecting rod, or rotary
movement.
2. The employment in such apparatus and in combination with. such compressors
of condensers and refrigerators with. iron serpentines. as described. in my patent, of
even date N° 16558.
3.. The employment in such apparatus of a single outer tank. of sheet iron divided
into condensing and refrigerating compartments.
4. Mounting on.one. of the outer faces of this tank the automatic. compressor
described above..
5. The. use in combination with the novel apparatus herein described of any
volatile liquid but more especially of Pictet's. liquid C. O* S.
1007