matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A COM- POUND SHELL, TO BE USED AS A DESTRUCTIVE PROJECTILE TO BE DISCHARGED FROM THE MOUTH OF CANNON OR FROM MORTARS
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Baxter at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th November
1854.
I, FREDERICK BAXTER, of Sneinton, in the County of Nottingham, Silk
Throwster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A COM-
POUND SHELL, TO BE USED AS A DESTRUCTIVE PROJECTILE TO BE DISCHARGED FROM
THE MOUTH OF CANNON OR FROM MORTARS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the manufacture of a compound shell, or a shell
that may be discharged at two separate periods. I employ one or two fuses,
and fire both discharges one after the other by the same fuse, or I cause the
second discharge to take place through a fuse which is lighted by the first
discharge. The first discharge scatters grape shot or other combustible
matter on the enemy, and the second discharge acts as an ordinary shell,
and, as it commits destruction where it falls, destroys itself; or I propose
to effect the two before-named discharges simultaneously, if more desirable.
I also propose to employ the same means of warfare for the purposes of
field artillery, vessels of war, or other warlike purposes. The advantages to
be derived from this my Invention are, that grape shot may be discharged
from the shell at any period during its transit from the mouth of the cannon
or mortar into the ranks of the enemy; or one portion of a shell may be

page_text: charged with combustible matter, and discharged at any period of its passage
or transit from the mouth of the cannon or mortar into towns, or upon
shipping or dockyards, for firing the same, and the remaining portion of the
shell, as it commits the required destruction, destroys itself.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ORNAMENTAL WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1854

page_text: vention rece
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Nimmo at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th August
1854.
I, WILLIAM NIMMO, of Pendleton, in the County of Lancaster, Spinner and
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ORNAMENTAL WOVEN
FABRICS to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to the production of fabrics by machinery in which
a jacquard apparatus or equivalent thereto is used, and consist in so arranging
the parts that the jacquard cylinder or its equivalent may cease to change at
any required time, and continue to form the shed by successive operations of
the same card or other such part. Suppose, for instance, that it is desired to
weave a figured fabric for a certain length, and then to produce plain cloth: I
work the jacquard with a double lift in the usual manner, but with such an
arrangement that, when a certain card shall have been brought into action, the
driving click will be thrown off, and the cylinder will cease to revolve, so that
the same card will now continue to advance, and a fabric of uniform pattern
will be produced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRUMS FOR MUSICAL PURPOSES, AND IN THE MODE OF SUPPORTING AND KEEPING THEM IN THE REQUIRED POSITION WHEN IN USE
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Distin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th May 1854.-
A communication.
I, HENRY DISTIN, of No. 31, Cranbourn Street, Leicester Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Musical Instrument Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRUMS FOR MUSICAL
PURPOSES, AND IN THE MODE OF SUPPORTING AND KEEPING THEM IN THE REQUIRED
POSITION WHEN IN USE," to be as follows:-
The improvements, which will be better understood by reference to the
accompanying Drawing, consist. in the mode of tightening, loosening, or regu-
lating the heads of drums by means of the cords, screws, and grooves, No. 5 and
No. 6 in the accompanying Drawing; whether the shell or hoops of the drum,
No. 2, be made of metal, wood, or other suitable material; and whether cord,
wire, or other suitable material be eniployed for such purposes and also in the
hook or support, No. 1, for suspending the drum on the ring of the belt, No. 3,
and in the frame of a kind of cresent form, No. 4, to press the thigh of the
person using the drum, to maintain it in its required position.
A TRANSFERABLE BOOK-MARKER
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Stidolph at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd June 1854.
I, WILLIAM STIDOLPH, Machinist, of No. 1, Wintoun Place, Greenwich, in
the County of Kent, England, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A TRANSFERABLE BOOK-MARKER" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a method or methods of constructing a book-
marker, and of combining the same with a paper-cutter. To construct my
book-marker, I take a narrow flat piece of metal, or any suitable elastic
material, such as horn, or the hardened vulcanized india-rubber manufactured
& patented by Charles Goodyear; I bend this narrow slip of metal or clastic
material double, so as to form a spring, which is intended to clasp the cover,
back, or leaves of a book. At the bend of this spring I attach one or more
ribbons or strings, which are used as book-markers, between the leaves, in
the same manner as the strings or ribbons usually attached to the backs of
prayer-books or bibles.
The advantage of my Invention consists in the means of transfering the

page_text: marking ribbons or strings to different books, they being held only by the
elastic spring before mentioned, as being loosely attached by the said spring to
any convenient part of the cover, back, or leaves of the book; by elongating
one of the blades of the spring, and making it sufficiently strong, a paper
cutter is formed.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Spires at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th January 1854.
I, JOSEPH SPIRES, of Lower Drummond Street, Euston Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Gun Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO BOOTS AND SHOES" to be as fol-
lows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to an improved construction of rotary heel;
and, secondly, to a novel instrument or means for turning the heel, or causing
it to rotate on its centre, when required.
My improved rotary heel consists, first, of a circular metal plate, which is
fixed by screws, or in any other convenient manner, to the heel; and second,
of a concentric metal ring or tip which surrounds the first and fixed plate, and
is held in its place by a shoulder or otherwise, so that it may be made to
rotate or move round when required. The centre of the concentric ring or
tip may be filled up either with a block of wood or thicknesses of leather, and
will, externally, present all the appearance of an ordinary heel with a metal
tip, except that the said tip is circular instead of being of the ordinary horse-
shoe shape. I sometimes propose to make the central metal piece moveable
instead of fixed, and a thin concentric ring may be fixed by screws or other-
wise to the heel, for the purpose of holding the central piece. In this case the
leather, or wood block, or filling piece must be attached to the moveable
central part, so that it may be rotated therewith when required.

page_text: The novel instrument for turning the heel or tip when required, and which
forms the second part of the Invention, consists simply of a spring clamp,
which is made to fit or nearly fit the heel, so that by pressing the two jaws of
the clamp together they will be made to firmly embrace the heel, and will
enable any person to turn it, even if it should stick or the metal parts get
fixed by oxidation. Instead of a spring clamp, the internal part of the clamp
may be provided with one or more projecting studs, which, by taking into
corresponding notches in the periphery of the metal ring or other part of the
heel, will give sufficient leverage to enable the operator to turn the moveable
part of the heel on its centre.
The spring clamp is more particularly applicable to leather heels, while the
rigid clamp, with studs, is intended for metal heels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REGISTER STOVES AND OTHER STOVES OR FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Waller at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th January
1854.
I, THOMAS WALLER, of Ratcliff, in the County of Middlesex, Ironmonger,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
REGISTER STOVES AND OTHER STOVES OR FIRE-PLACES" to be as follows:-
My said Invention relates, firstly, to an improved construction of the back
and sides of register and other stoves; and, secondly, to a peculiar form of
tile or brick, affording a rule hinge joint applicable for such purposes.
At the level of the top surface of the grate, or thereabouts, on each side I
affix a hob moving on a vertical pivot at the back end; they can be made to
slide in or out through a horizontal slot for that purpose, and are designed to
conceal the top side ends of the moveable metal tile or brick lininings when used
in lessening the grate or receptacle for the fuel. I sometimes employ for the
back and two sides within the grate iron plates or castings, so formed at the
two side edges of the back plate, and one side edge of each of the side plates,
that when these edges are placed together they shall, instead of the usual plain
edge or bevel edge, have a rule hinge joint made by forming a round rib to the
edge of the one, and a semicircular groove on the edge of the other, so that when
placed together they roll or turn like the joining of a hinge. Or, iron frames
of the required dimensions may thus be constructed and held together at the
joints by suitable pins, such frames being filled up with fire tiles and moved by
the ordinary rack and pinion.

page_text: The second part of my Invention refers to my improved tiles or bricks
formed with circular grooved edges to one set of tiles or bricks, and circular
ends or ribs to fit therein on another set of tiles or bricks; and as grates or
fire-places require lining with one back and two side tiles, the alternate rib and
groove on the edges of the tiles I manufacture enable me to fold or unfold the
side tiles of the grate working in or on the edge of the back tile. A series of
bricks formed with these alternations of a rib or 'curved edge on one and a
groove in the other may be used instead of tiles, and when set in iron frames
will also serve to contract or enlarge the space for fuel, as before described,
and such tiles or bricks may be fluted, curved, or otherwise shaped.
The novelty of my Invention consists in an arrangement of the grates or
fire-places of stoves, by which I can alter the size of the space for fuel, and
likewise in the peculiar mode of jointing or joining metal plates, tiles, or bricks
in such constructions.
AN IMPROVED MORDAUNT TO BE USED IN PRINTING AND DYEING TEXTILE MATERIALS AND FABRICS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE PROCESS OF BLEACHING
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Haeffely at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th March
1854.
I, the said EDWARD HAEFFELY, of Radcliffe, in the County of Lancaster,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MORDAUNT TO BE USED IN PRINTING AND DYEING TEXTILE MATERIALS AND FABRICS,
APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE PROCESS OF BLEACHING," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the use of tungstate of soda, of potash, or of
ammonia, to be substituted for stannate of soda, or other mordaunts, or to
be used in combination therewith; and also in the use of the aforesaid
tungstates in place of the stannates now employed in the process of
bleaching.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN COMBINING SHEETS OF COPPER OR ITS ALLOYS WITH LEAD, TIN, ZINC, NICKLE, GOLD, SILVER, PLATINUM, OR ALLOYS CONTAINING THESE METALS, OR SOME OF THEM, WITH OR WITHOUT THE ADDITION OF COPPER, ANTIMONY, BISMUTH, ARSENIC, MANGANESE, OR MERCURY
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Warner at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th November
1854.
I, ARTHUR WARNER, of 11, New Broad St., in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN COMBINING SHEETS OF COPPER OR ITS ALLOYS WITH LEAD, TIN, ZINC,
NICKLE, GOLD, SILVER, PLATINUM, OR ALLOYS CONTAINING THESE METALS, OR SOME
OF THEM, WITH OR WITHOUT THE ADDITION OF COPPER, ANTIMONY, BISMUTH, ARSENIC,
MANGANESE, OR MERCURY," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of combining sheets of copper or its alloys with
sheets of the other metals mentioned; and this I do, by preference, by flushing
or coating one surface of a sheet of copper or its alloys with suitable solder,
& then causing such surface to adhere to a sheet of one or other of the other
metals mentioned, by heat applied through the sheet of copper or its alloys,
aided by pressure, to keep the two surfaces in contact when the melting of the
solder and the cooling of it between the surfaces are taking place.
When the sheets of metal are hard enough, they may have one of their sur-
faces coated with solder, as well as or in place of the copper, and heat to melt
the solder may be applied externally to such hard sheets, as well as or in place
of to the external surfaces of the sheets of copper or its alloys.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BORDERING OR PRODUCING DEVICES UPON THE EDGES OF ENVELOPES, LETTER PAPER OR OTHER ARTICLES OF STATIONERY
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Gathercole at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th August
1854.
I, JAMES GATHERCOLE, of Eltham, in the County of Kent, Envelope Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BORDERING OR PRODUCING DEVICES UPON THE EDGES OF ENVELOPES, LETTER
PAPER OR OTHER ARTICLES OF STATIONERY," to be as follows:-
The bordering mourning paper and envelopes and the ornamenting the
edges of paper and envelopes in colors is at present effected by a very tedious
and inefficient process, and consists in placing the edges to be bordered or
colored in a diagonal direction, one above the other, the margin of each to
be colored being left so as to receive the coloring matter, the coloring matter
being then carefully brushed over such exposed margins. It is obvious that by
this mode all the edges cannot be colored by one operation, and that great caro
is requisite in order to prevent the color spreading over those parts of the paper
or envelopes intended to be plain. In bordering envelopes where the edges of
both the back and front sides are colored, four operations are necessary, and
the color must be carefully dried between each, whilst, from the edges of the
envelope or paper being slightly rough, the effect of the coloring is uncertain
and jagged, and the sharpness of outline essential to the obtainment of a good
effect cannot be attained. Now, the object of my Invention is to substitute,
for the crude and imperfect process I have described, the ordinary printing

page_text: process, by which the whole of the parts of the envelope or paper intended to
be bordered have the color printed on them by a single operation in a most
effective manner, the result being of a far higher nature than can otherwise be
attained, and the color may either be printed in one line only, such lino being
wider or narrower, to indicate the different degrees of mourning; or the color
may be printed in lines separated from each other: for instance, a border of
three lines, indicating the deepest degree of mourning; that of two lines, a lesser
degree; and one line being an indication of slight mourning only. The lines may
also be printed with any ornamental device, either in mourning or other colors,
and the device on the seal, & any printed letter-press desired to be outside
the envelope, may be put on at the same printing operation. The lines may
also be printed so as to leave a blank space at the extreme edge of the paper
or envelope, by which the effect of the coloring is considerably heightened. I
also propose to apply different colors for mourning envelopes, instead of black
only, as at present, retaining black for the deepest degree of mourning, and for
the lesser degrees substituting lavender, and any other colors used to indicate
those lesser degrees of mourning.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN TAPS AND COCKS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Bird at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th January 1854.
I, JAMES BIRD, of Saint Martin's Lane, in the City of Westminster,
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN TAPS AND COCKS" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in providing a slightly yielding seat for the plug of
taps and cocks to work in, whereby the grinding of the plug in their seats will
be avoided. After the aperture for the reception of the plug has been cast,
drilled, or otherwise formed, I fit to the sides thereof a packing of leather,
caoutchouc, gutta percha, or other slightly yielding material, which forms the
bearing or seat for the plug.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SASHES
Year: 1854

page_text: Thus Invention received Provisional Protection,
proceca
LILO
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Tristram Shanty Simpson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st August 1854.
I, TRISTRAM SHANTY SIMPSON, of 9, Saint Ann's Place, Limehouse, in the
County of Middlesex, Carpenter, 'do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SASHES" to be as follows:-
In constructing sashes to windows, whereby the same can be removed at
pleasure and turned, for the purpose of facilitating the cleaning thereof.
The above improvements consist in the construction of sashes with double
styles, groves, and tongues, to be connected by means of a pivot joint or other
similar contrivance, and placed in such positions as will freely allow such part
of the window or sash requiring cleaning, painting, or glazing to be moved in
any required direction.
The above improvements obviate the necessity of removing the sash bead,
or lines, or of any part of the frame, for the purpose of cleaning, painting, or
glazing.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF PUMP
Year: 1854

page_text: VIGO
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lionel John Wetherell and
Augustus Johann Hoffstaedt at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 17th May 1854.
We, LIONEL JOHN WETHERELL, of Percival Street, Clerkenwell, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, and AUGUSTUS JOHANN HOFFSTAEDT, of
Albion Place, in the County of Surrey, Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF PUMP" to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to render pumps less liable to choke than
heretofore by the entrance of extraneous matters with the water that is
required to be raised. To attain this end we simplify the construction of the
valves by substituting spherical valves for the hinge valves, or those which slide
up and down in guides. The hollow piston of our improved pump we fit with
a spherical valve, which is inclosed by radial arms rising from the piston, to
form the socket of attachment for the piston rod; sufficient space is thus
allowed for the play of the valve, while at the same time the valve is prevented
from escaping from the piston. Similar provision is made for the valve which
admits the water to the pump cylinder.
By this simple arrangement of valves it will be understood that the pump
will be able to discharge whatever extraneous matters may find their way into
the cylinder.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF A SINK, DRAIN, OR GULLEY TRAP, NAMED THE SELF-ACTING EFFLUVIUM TRAP,' FOR THE MORE EFFECTUAL CONVEYANCE OF ALL LIQUIDS OR ADMIXTURES IN PASSING INTO DRAINS, SEWERS, CESSPOOLS, OR OTHER RECEPTACLES, AND THE BETTER PREVENTION AND EXCLUSION OF ALL VAPOURS, EFFLUVIA, OR GASES ARISING THEREFROM
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Batten at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th January
1854.
I, WILLIAM BATTEN, Surgeon, of No. 74, Westbourne St, Pimlico, in the
Parish of St. George, Hanover Square, Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF A SINK,
DRAIN, OR GULLEY TRAP, NAMED THE SELF-ACTING EFFLUVIUM TRAP,' FOR THE MORE
EFFECTUAL CONVEYANCE OF ALL LIQUIDS OR ADMIXTURES IN PASSING INTO DRAINS,
SEWERS, CESSPOOLS, OR OTHER RECEPTACLES, AND THE BETTER PREVENTION AND
EXCLUSION OF ALL VAPOURS, EFFLUVIA, OR GASES ARISING THEREFROM," to be as
follows, viz:-
An outer pan, chamber, or receptacle, for the receiving of all liquids or
admixtures in their passage into pipes, drains, sewers, cesspools, or receptacles.
This chamber may be made of any form, size, or capacity, and the materials of
the same may be of any metal, or pottery ware. The outer covering or lid of
said chamber to be a perforated plate or grating, through which all liquids or
admixtures enter the chamber; the bottom of said chamber terminating with
an open pipe, for the emptying of the chamber and conveying away of all
liquids or admixtures. To the under surface of said lid is attached a tube
open at its lower extremity, having arms or lateral projections to secure the

page_text: position of said tube in the centre of the chamber. Over and upon the inter-
nal opening of the pipe belonging to the lower part of the chamber is placed
a ball, so as to prevent the entrance of all noxious vapours through the lower
pipe into the said chamber. Over the ball is placed the lower opening of the
interior tube within which the ball acts, and which is attached to under
surface of the lid or grating.
This Invention is intended for use within all houses and buildings, in areas,
yards, and premises, in courts, alleys, passages, streets, roads, and all private
and public ways.
I claim as my Invention herein described the ball and tube, in the arrange-
ment and combined action of which this improvement consists.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bowler at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th September
1854.
I, WILLIAM BOWLER, of Southwark Bridge Road, in the County of Surrey,
Hat Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD" to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the securing of an efficient ventilation in hats and
other coverings for the head in a simple and inexpensive manner, and consists
in combining with outlet apertures for the air at the top of the hat, as ordi-
narily used, a means of admitting fresh air between the hat leather and the
inside of the hat body. The hat leather is stitched to the hat in the ordinary
manner, but it has a series of minute air holes formed completely round and
just within its lower edge. In addition to this, pieces of felt, clotb, or other
suitable material are placed at intervals round the hat between the leather
and the inside of the hat, to cause the leather to stand off from the body of
the hat, and allow of the passage of the air to the interior of the hat. The
pieces of felt or other material may be fixed either to the hat body or to the
leather, and by a judicious selection of their position they may be made to
conduce materially to the comfort of the wearer by preventing the hard body
of the hat from touching the head. The same general arrangement is
obviously applicable to caps and other coverings for the head.
A NEW BEVERAGE, INTENDED TO BE CALLED GIBSON'S PINERIUM, OR AËRATED SARSAPARILLA
Year: 1854

page_text: was not given wumn the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas William Gibson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
May 1854.
I, THOMAS WILLIAM GIBSON, of 13, Thomas Street, Stamford Street, Black-
friars Road, in the County of Surrey, Soda Water Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW BEVERAGE, INTENDED TO BE
CALLED GIBSON'S PINERIUM, OR AËRATED SARSAPARILLA," to be as follows:-
Boil four pounds of Jamaica sarsaparilla root in two gallons of water
gently, till the quantity is reduced to one gallon, and strain off the liquor
while hot. Boil the root again in one gallon of water till the liquor is
reduced to half a gallon, and strain off the same as before. Reboil the two
decoctions of liquor thus obtained gently, till the liquor is evaporated to two
pounds weight. Dissolve in the liquor thus obtained, while hot, 18 ounces of
the best refined sugar, and when cold add 2 ounces of rectified spirits. It
is then fit for bottling, which may be done by putting in each bottle half an
ounce of the syrup as above obtained, and then filling up each bottle with
aërated water, in the manner ordinarily practised in filling soda water bottles.
The bottles must then be well corked and wired, and are instantly fit
for use.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Aitken at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th March 1854.
I, JOHN AITKEN, of Longsight, near Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in an arrangement of apparatus for obtaining power
by lifting and lowering weights, and this is done by means of two pulleys
between which are guides for the weights used. The lowest of the two
pulleys is so formed as to push the weights in succession up the guide to the
upper pulley, over which it passes and descends by the guide on the opposite
side.
The machine is set in motion by any external power, and then the principles
of inertia, gravity, and momentum are brought into action, and the result is,
the weight of the balls falling, and their momentum is on one side of the
working wheel, the cog wheel, and on the other side the weight of the ascend-
ing balls lessened by their momentum; the momentum in both being in
proportion to their velocity, and the difference between the two is the working
power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING SUSPENSION BRIDGES, ROOFS, AND COVERINGS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Braithwaite at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th June
1854.
I, FREDERICK BRAITHWAITE, of Gower Street, Bedford Square, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING SUSPENSION BRIDGES, ROOFS, AND COVERINGS'
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the novel application of wire rope, hemp, flax, or
cotton ropes, canvass or other textile material, iron chains and iron links or
bars, of whatever length, to the construction of suspension bridges, roofs, and
coverings, so that I effectually avail myself of the mechanical and tensile
strength of all such materials; and this I effect by directly covering the
surface of such materials, longitudinally or transversely, with any known
materials ordinarily used for that purpose; in fact, my platform, roof, or road-
way is directly on the chain.
My second improvement consists in introducing a second set of suspension
chains, placed one above another, so as to connect my guard or handrail; but
by which arrangement my handrails become auxiliary suspending rods to the
lower or principal suspending chain, on which the platform is placed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTATORY STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1854

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Phillips at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th October 1854.
I, WILLIAM HENRY PHILLIPS, of Camberwell New Road, in the County
of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare declare the nature of the Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTATORY STEAM ENGINES" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a peculiar combination of parts, whereby water
or other fluid is put into rotatory motion, and caused to act on floats or paddles
on arms affixed to an axis, and thus is rotatory motion communicated to such
axis. For this purpose a fixed cylinder is used, with a jacket around it con-
stantly supplied with steam, and there are oblique passages for the steam to
pass into the cylinder. Through the centre of the cylinder an axis is passed
on which are arms carrying at their ends floats or paddles. In the cylinder is
introduced water or suitable fluid so as partly to fill it, and near the centre of
the end covers of the cylinder are outlets for the passage away of steam. By
this combination and arrangement of parts, the steam will euter obliquely
through the several passages, and act on the fluid, and cause it to rotate
within the cylinder, and at or near the outer circumference thereof, whereby
the floats or paddles will be moved round by the fluid, and the axis will receive
rotatory motion; or, in place of the cylinder being fixed, it, in place of the
axis, may be caused to rotate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUPAC- TURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Karl Weber at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th January 1854.
I, KARL WEBER, of Rechtberg, in the Kingdom of Würtemberg, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUPAC-
TURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES" to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My improvements, which have for their object the construction of boots and
shoes in a more durable and economical manner, consist in connecting the parts
of the said boots and shoes together entirely by wooden pegs without any
employment of thread, the said wooden pegs being fitted at less cost, and being
found to expand when exposed to the action of moisture, and thereby to fill up
the smallest interstices in the fastenings or sutures, so as to prevent the boots
or shoes from leaking; and for the purpose of connecting the upper leathers
of boots and shoes to the soles thereof we cause the edges of the said upper
leathers to be of sufficient size to be doubled down upon the soles of the boots
or shoes so as to meet or nearly to meet in the centre, and to be fastened
to the soles by the same wooden pegs by which the parts of the said soles are
bound together, and the several parts of the upper leathers are connected among
themselves by other wooden pegs. And whereas wooden pegs have before now
been employed in place of thread to connect the several parts of the soles of

page_text: boots and shoes together, therefore I do not claim the employment of wooden
pegs to connect any parts (whatever) of boots and shoes; but I claim the sub-
stitution of wooden pegs for thread, string, or the like, for the purpose of
connecting the soles to the upper leathers of boots and shoes, and of connecting
the different parts or edges of the upper leathers with each other.
In- PROVED MACHINERY APPLICABLE TO THE HULLING OB CLEANING OF GRAIN, SEEDS, AND OTHER VEGETABLE PRODUCE
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustav Adolph Buchholz at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
June 1854.
I, GUSTAV ADOLPH BUCHHOLZ, of Hammersmith, in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVED MACHINERY APPLICABLE TO THE HULLING OB CLEANING OF GRAIN, SEEDS, AND
OTHER VEGETABLE PRODUCE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements upon an Invention for which I
obtained Her Majesty's Letters Patent, dated 24th December 1853. In the
Provisional Specification of this Patent I described the runner of the mill
(which is threaded like a screw) as conical, and provided with a spiral channel
on its periphery. I have, however, found that it may, with advantage, be made
in other shapes, as concave, convex, or cylindrical, or even in segments, set
radially round the driving shaft, a thread or worm being cut on its periphery,
as in the former instance. The lining also of the case which contains the
runner I form of segment pieces, which may take a conical, cylindrical, or
other figure, to suit the figure of the runner, and these I advance towards the
runner as they are worn away by the continued working of the machine. In
the bulling or cleaning of rice and some other seeds, I propose to employ two
machines, one for removing the husk or coating, and the other for polishing
the seed. For the latter purpose, I propose to use a runner covered with
flannel or other soft friction surface. Instead of a rotating stone or friction

page_text: surfaco, provided with a channel or thread on its periphery, I propose to use as
an equivalent therefor a reciprocating friction surface, similarly provided at
its periphery with a channel or thread, which, as it moves in the grain or
other substance under operation, will effect the required disturbance thercin
for producing the hulling or cleaning action.
A NEW OR IMPROVED PROJECTILE
Year: 1854

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Church at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd May 1854.
I, WILLIAM CHURCH, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
PROJECTILE to be as follows:-

page_text: shot; and b, the sabot, made of wood or other suitable material. The outer
face of the edge c of the shot is inclined, as represented, and enters the inclined
recess or groove & in the sabot; e is a ring of copper or other metal or alloy
surrounding the grooved end of the sabot; f is a sheet of metal which defends
the face of the sabot from the ignited powder. The action of my Invention is
as follows: The first cllect of the ignition of the gunpowder is to urge forward
the sabot b, so as to bring the edge of the shot nearer to the bottom of the
grooved in the sabot. By this action the inclined outer face of the edge of
the shot wedges against the inclined face of the groove d, and causes the
expansion of the sabot. The ringe is thereby made to engage in the rifle
grooves J, J, J, J, of the gun, Figure 2, and a rotatory motion is thus impressed
upon the projectile as it issues from the said gun.
MAKING ALCOHOL OR SPIRIT FROM DIFFERENT PLANTS AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTIONS OF A FARINACEOUS NATURE
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hyppolyte Bordier at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th November
1854.
I, HYPPOLYTE BORDIER, of Orleans, in the Empire of France, Banker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "MAKING ALCOHOL OR
SPIRIT FROM DIFFERENT PLANTS AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTIONS OF A FARINACEOUS
NATURE" to be as follows:-
The substances on which I propose to operate are principally the divers
kind of couch grass, potatoes, Jerusalem artichokes, leguminous seeds, the
roots of the asphodil or daffodil, and generally all kinds of vegetables con-
taining fecula. These substances are reduced to the state of flour, cut or
crushed, according to their nature, are mixed with water, varying in quantity,
according to the quantity of vegetable moisture they contain, or according as
it is wished to obtain a higher or lower degree of developement of sacharine
matter. Into the prepared liquid I pour sulphuric acid in proper proportions,
and I introduce a jet of vapour to dissolve the fecula or flour, and then add
a quantity in proper proportions of lime or chalk to absorb or neutralize the
acid, and I then distil in the usual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES, AND IN PREPARING CERTAIN VEGETABLE FIBRES FOR SUCH AND OTHER USES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Werner Staufen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th November
1861.
I; WERNER STAUFEN, of 84, London Road, Southwark, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES, AND IN PREPARING CERTAIN VEGETABLE FIBRES
FOR SUCH AND OTHER USES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
brushes, and in preparing certain vegetable fibres for such and other uses.
The improvements in the manufacture of brushes consist in the application to
such manufacture of the vegetable fibres of the arenga saccharifera, which
grows extensively in different parts of India. It is from the leaves that these
fibres are obtained, and they are collected after the other portions of the leaves
have become dry, and have more or less shelled off from the fibres, leaving the
fibres for the most part separated from each other. These fibres are of great
length and of considerable strength, thus peculiarly suiting them for the
manufacture of brushes, and they may be used in place of or in combination
with bristles or other materials heretofore used in the manufacture of brushes.
Although in the making of brushes I prefer to employ these fibres after they
have been subjected to the treatment or preparation herein-after described,
such fibres may at once be used in the manufacture of brushes, and for these
purposes these fibres are made up into tufts or bundles and so drawn into or
fixed in holes in suitable handles, or they are otherwise made up in the proper

page_text: form and fixed to or in handles in like manner to that in which bristles and
other materials have heretofore been fixed in or to handles when using them
in making brushes.
The treatment or process of preparation to which the above-mentioned fibres
are subjected in preparing them for the manufacture of brushes and other
uses is as follows:-The fibres are well washed and then subjected to the
action of an alkaline solution, after which they are dyed, and in the process of
dyeing them fatty or oily matters and alkali are introduced and mixed in the
dye and then the fibres are introduced and dyed therein. The coarser parts
of the fibres thus treated or prepared are very similar to bristles, whilst others
are more similar to horse hair, and the finer parts of the fibres are very similar
to human hair. Those of the fibres which are similar to bristles may be used
as above described in making brushes, those like horsehair may be woven
into similar fabrics to those in which horsehair has been heretofore used, and
they may also be curled as horse and other hair and used in stuffing furniture.
The finer of these fibres may be made up into plaits and other forms, and
will, when thus prepared, serve as substitutes for like preparations of human
hair.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Dalgety at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th November
· 1854.
I, ALEXANDER DALGETY, of Florence Road, Deptford, in the County of
Kent, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction of the fire box or furnace
of, steam boilers, whereby a larger heating surface with increased draught is
obtained than by the furnaces or fire boxes of the ordinary construction. As
applied to boilers of locomotive engines, the improvements consist in the
employment of a series of tubes which are situated in the water space between
the inner and outer casing of the fire box, and forming a communication
between the lower portion and top of the same. By another arrangement
these tubes may open into a distinct larger tube or flue at their upper
extremities, such tube communicating direct with the smoke box. A
series of tubes may also be situated immediately above the fire box or
furnace, and open downwards into the front edge of the top of the fire box.
These tubes may all pass direct to the smoke box, in a similar manner to the
ordinary tubes in locomotive boilers, or to open into and terminate in the back
of the upper part of the fire box.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STARCH, APPLICABLE IN PART TO THE SOLIDIFYING OF COLORS AND OTHER SUBSTANCE3 HELD IN SOLUTION OR SUSPENSION
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Renton and Henry Attwood
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 3rd June 1854.
We, JOHN RENTON, of Bond St., Vauxhall, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer, and HENRY ATTWOOD, of Holland St Blackfriars, in the same
County, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STARCH, APPLICABLE IN PART TO THE
SOLIDIFYING OF COLORS AND OTHER SUBSTANCE3 HELD IN SOLUTION OR SUSPENSION,"
to be as follows:-
The chicf object of this Invention is to solidify liquid starch and render it fit
to undergo the drying process. Instead of the ordinary mode of boxing, which
requires some thirty-six hours to effect the solidification of the starch, we employ
a box or chamber, with an opening at one end, which gauges the size of the
cube or other shaped block to which the starch is to be moulded; and the
other end of the box or chamber we connect with a force pump, which supplies
the liquid starch thereto. The box is so formed, that as the liquid starch is
forced in, the water will find its way through the sides, while the particles of
starch will be retained, and will accumulate at the opposite end of the box
to that at which it entered. When commencing the operation, the exit end of
the box is closed, but as soon as a sufficient amount of starch has accumulated

page_text: to form a resisting medium to the stream that continues to be pumped in, the
cover is removed, and the pressure of the incoming liquid starch will force out
the solidified starch in a continuous, block, which block may be cut into pieces
by wires or otherwise.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING BRICKS, TILES, AND DRAIN PIPES
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Gibson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd November
1854.
I, CHARLES GIBSON, of Draycott, in the Parish of Wilne, in the County of
Derby, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING BRICKS, TILES, AND DRAIN PIPES,"
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the operation of moulding
bricks, tiles, and drain pipes. To this end I mount the moulds, which are
open at top and bottom, either in a circular or a rectangular frame (preferring
to arrange them in pairs), and I cause them to move alternately under the
hopper or clay box to receive the clay to be moulded, and under a descending
piston or plunger, by which the moulded articles are discharged on to a
traversing endless band. The moulds when being filled stand over a fixed
plate or table which forms a temporary bottom for the moulds. A space just
sufficient to allow of the free passage of the moulds is left between the hopper
and the table, and as the moulds pass from under the hopper, the superfluous
clay is left behind. The hopper is provided with rotating feed rollers for
forcing down the clay into the moulds beneath them. When-the-moulds are
charged, they are moved forward into.a line with-the-pistons,-and-they-are-

page_text: then clear of the table. The pistons are now depressed by a gradually
accelerating motion imparted to them by a rotating cam or other analogous
means, and the moulded articles are thereby discharged on to the endless band.
The rise of the pistons may be effected by the expansion of a coiled spring,
or by a cam or ratchet wheel. When I mount the moulds on a rectangular
frame, I impart a reciprocating motion to the frame by means of a "mangle
motion," and thereby bring the moulds alternately under the hopper and under
the pistons; but when the moulds are carried by a circular frame, I set
them radially therein, and give the frame a slow rotary motion by means of
bevil gearing. When making hollow bricks, tiles, and pipes, I fix in the
moulds suitably-shaped cores, which are capable of removal when not required
to be used. In some cases I may find it desirable to discharge the moulded
articles by pistons acting from below the moulds.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF ORGANIC MATTERS AND IN THE APPLICATION OF THE PRODUCTS THEREOF
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd May
1854. A communication.
I, WILLIAM JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF ORGANIC MATTERS AND IN THE APPLICATION OF THE
PRODUCTS THEREOF" to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the obtainment and manufacture of various useful
products, more particularly of the caoutchouc and gutta percha class, as well
as milky compounds, by the treatment of various organic compounds or
matters, animal and vegetable. The matters to be treated are gluten, fibrine,
lignine, gelatine, albumen, caseine, and gum dextrine, or substances con-
taining these matters. These substances are subjected to the action of tannic,
gallic, and mimotannic acids, or acids of a similar class, and the result is the
formation of compounds closely resembling caoutchouc and gutta percha. The
tannin and albumenous matters are mixed for such purposes with hydro-
carbons, oils, fats, turpentine, tar, naptha, resins, wax, gum resins, linseed oil,
sugar, soaps, or alcohol, or similar hydro-carbons. By using different propor-

page_text: "
tions of the component matters, varieties of products are made. A substance
resembling gutta percha is obtained by mixing common glue with the resinous
soap of potash, and then decomposing the mass with tannic acid. By using
turpentine and soot, a product approaching in its nature to the general
characteristics of caoutchouc is obtained. Such new compounds may be used
for all or most of the purposes for which gutta percha and caoutchouc can be
employed; they can also be vulcanized, and may be mixed with caoutchouc
and gutta percha. The new compounds are especially suited, amongst other
purposes, for use as marine gluc, and for covering electric telegraph wires.
They will also answer the purpose of lactarine, being capable of use as fixers
of coloring matters in the operations of the dyer and printer; leather and
skins, flesh, paper, fish, oysters and other shell fish, and sponges or spongy
matters, may be converted in a similar manner and for similar ends. The
essence of the Invention consists in the obtainment of new products, by the
treatment of organic compounds with cholic, tannic, gallic, mimotannic, and
generally similar acids.