IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR GIVING MOVEMENT OR POWER TO LIQUIDS, AIR, OR GAS."
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Spruyt De Bay, of 9, Victoria Chambers,
Victoria Street, Westminster, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR GIVING MOVEMENT
OR POWER TO LIQUIDS, AIR, OR GAS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Spruyt De Bay at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st March 1877.
CHARLES SPRUYT DE BAY, of 9, Victoria Chambers, Victoria Street, Westminster,
Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR
GIVING MOVEMENT OR POWER TO LIQUIDS, AIR, OR GAS."
This Invention consists of a new method of and apparatus for causing currents
of water or air, or of other liquids or gases for such purposes as pumping, ventilating,
blasting into furnaces or forges, or any other similar purposes, and also for receiving
movement and power from water or air and transmitting it to engines or machinery
of any kind in a similar manner to water or windmills, which I do by striking or
pressing the water or air, or other liquids or gases, at the same time and within the
same space comprised between two same planes perpendicular to the axis of the
apparatus by the combined action of surfaces placed at an angle with the said axis,
the best surfaces for the purpose being those of the helicoid, when the surfaces would
become blades of two screws, one being a right-handed and the other a left-handed
one, and revolving on the same axis in contrary directions, and entirely or partly
within two same planes perpendicular to the axis, so that the two screws should
work within or inside one another, and not aside or behind one another.
To give a more complete idea of the apparatus, it may be said to be made either
of an ordinary screw of the same or about the same shape as that used to propel ships,
as described in my Specification, No. 2577, of the year 1876, and surrounded by a
cylinder placed on the same axis and revolving in contrary direction, the said
cylinder having a diameter sufficiently larger than that of the screw to allow of the
417

page_text: blades being fitted inside it, which blades should be part of helicoid or helicoids of
contrary curve, or only surfaces at an angle with the axis, this angle being in con-
trary direction to that of the angle formed by the axis and the blades of the inside
screw, the cylinder then being attached to a hollow shaft on same axis, as the shaft
of the central screw is made to revolve in a contrary direction, or it may also be
said to describe the apparatus made on the same principle, but in another shape,
that it is made of two screws, one a right-handed the other a left-handed, revolving
within one another in contrary directions on the same axis by means of a hollow
shaft surrounding a solid one, and having for that purpose pieces cut out of the
blades of one screw to give passage, while they revolve in contrary directions to
the pieces left in the other screw.
This apparatus will effectually transmit power or motion from any engine, steam,
or other to water or air, or other liquids or gases, or when placed in currents of
water or air, or other liquids or gases, transmit to machinery the movement or
power of the currents in which it is placed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Charles Spruyt De Bay in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
20th September 1877.
CHARLES SPRUYT DE BAY, of 9, Victoria Chambers, Victoria Street, Westminster,
Civil Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR
GIVING MOVEMENT OR POWER TO LIQUIDS, AIR, OR GAS."
My Invention in an apparatus which may be used either to cause currents in
water or other liquids to raise it to a higher level, or for any other purpose, or in
air or other gases for ventilating, blowing, or blasting into furnaces, or any other
purposes, and also for receiving movement or power from water or current of air
when they exist naturally or otherwise. and transmitting it to machinery in the
same way as windmills or turbines.
The apparatus in composed of two screws of the same, or about the same kind as
those used for propelling slips, and also sometimes for ventilating purposes, one of
such screws being right-handed, and the other left-handed, are made to revolve in
contrary directions entirely or partially within the space comprised between two
planes perpendicular to the axis of revolution, inside one another, or round one
another, and not behind or by the side of one another, for which purpose each screw
is fixed on a separate shaft, one working within the other, both shafts having the
same axis
The blades of the same apparatus may be, but not advantageously, replaced by
surfaces not really forming a screw nor belonging to the helicord, but it will always
be necessary in the case of using such surfaces that any point of such surface being
forward in the direction of the rotary movement of the surface to which it belongs
relatively to any other point of the same surface, it should at the same time be
behind this other point in the direction of the current to be caused by the apparatus
when the apparatus is used to produce currents, as will be supported to be the case
in this description. In the event of the apparatus receiving movement from the
motion of air or other gases, or water or other liquids, instead of giving motion to
air, water, etc., there need be no change in the apparatus, as the only difference is
that in one case the apparatus is acting on the liquid or gas in which it is placed,
whereas in the other case it is acted upon.
Although it has already been stated that the blades of the screws could be
replaced by other surfaces when the word screw could not strictly be applied, in
the following description it is supposed that screws are used, and the word screw
will be applied to the set of all the blades in the same direction.

page_text: The apparatus may be made of two screws, the blades of which should be divided
into parts separated by spaces cut or left out to give passage to the parts left in the
blades of the other screw, so as to make them intersect, as shewn in the Drawing
at D, E, of Fig. 1, which is a side elevation of the apparatus, shewn in front
clevation by Fig. 2.
The Drawing shews the apparatus fitted inside a cylinder marked F, F, F, F, in
both Figures, because in most cases, although not in every case, it will be found
convenient to use such a cylinder to increase the efficacy of the apparatus, but the
cylinder is no part of the apparatus itself, which is here made of two screws, on ao
four-bladed one, the other a five-bladed one. The blades of the four-bladed screw
are marked in both Figures by the letters a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, k, and the blades of the
five-bladed screw are marked also in both Figures by the letters 8, t, u, v, x, y, z.
The blades of the five-bladed screws are fixed on the boss H, which is fitted on the
central or solid shaft L, L. The blades of the four-bladed screw are fixed on the
boss K, fitted on the hollow shaft M, but it would be of no importance if it were the
screw on the boss H, which should have four blades, and that on the boss K four
blades. The hollow shaft is maintained in its position by two bearings N and N',
fitted on arms 0, 0, 0, and 0¹, 0¹, O', rivetted inside the cylinder, when a cylinder
is used, or fixed in any convenient manner when the cylinder is not necessary. The
solid shaft is in the same manner maintained in its position by the bearing P, and
another bearing outside the gearing transmitting the rotary movement, or by the
bearing P and another bearing made by a collar inside and at the end of the
hollow tube. On each shaft there is a pulley Q and R to transmit the rotary
movement to the said shafts, which pulleys may be replaced by cog wheels, or any
other means, when the power to be transmitted is too great for a strap.
The Fig. 1, which as said before, shews a side elevation of screws in all its other
parts, shews a section and not elevation; Fig. 3 is a cross section of cylinder; Fig. 4,
a cross section of the arms O or O¹; and Fig. 5, a cross section of the shafting.
Instead of using screws intersecting or penetrating one another by means of pieces
left out of these blades, to give passage to the parts left in the blades of the screw
revolving in contrary direction, the apparatus may be made as follows:-One of the
screws being fixed on the solid or central shaft without any division or separation
in its blades, the blades of the other one may be fixed to arms radiating from the
hollow shaft so as to surround in their revolution the space taken by the revolution
of the inner screw, or the blades of the second or outside screw may be fixed inside
a cylinder revolving on the same axis as the shaft of the central or inside screw,
and in a contrary direction.
The number of blades may be the same in each screw, but it is not necessary that
it should be so. In the Drawings one screw is shewn with four blades, and the other
with five; an unequal number of blades to the two screws gives the means of
avoiding all the blades of one screw meeting all those of the other screw at the
same moment, which would cause an increase of power, wanted at that moment for
the working of the apparatus.
The screws shewn in the Drawings have their blades divided into two parts, may
they may, according to circumstances, be otherwise divided, although it is not
necessary that the blades of one screw should be divided into the same number of
parts as the other.
Having thus described my Invention, what I claim as new is the application to
forming or causing currents of water or air, or other liquids or gases, or to the
transmission of the power or movement of such currents, already existing, to
machinery of any kind by the use of the apparatus herein-before described and shewn
on Drawings, made of two screws of contrary curves revolving in opposite directions
inside one another, so that the space in which the blades or part of the blades of
one screw revolves is surrounded by or surrounding the space in which the blades
or part of the blades belonging to the other screw revolves, either partially or
entirely, whatever may be the shape of the said screw, the number of these blades,

page_text: or the number of parts; if any, in which they may be divided, and whether or not
the surfaces of the blades are such as to form true screws or not.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Spruyt de Bay, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
C. SPRITVT de BAY (1.5)
C. SPRUVT de BAY (LS)