IMPROVEMENTS IN TWIST LACE MACHINES
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Boot, of Arboretum Street, Nottingham,
Lace Designer, and John Coxon, of Long Hedge Lane, New Sneinton,
Nottingham, Draughtsman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TWIST
LACE MACHINES."
Sealed the 15th December 1865, and dated the 28th June 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Boot and John
Coxon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 28th June 1865..
We, RICHARD BOOT, of Arboretum Street, Nottingham, Lace Designer, and
JOHN COXON, of Long Hedge Lane, New Sneinton, Nottingham, Draughtsman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TWIST:
LACE MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in twist lace machines. For
these purposes guides are employed, each carrying two eyes or passages for
two warps threads; these guides are madé capable of revolving in order that
the two threads carried by them may when desired be made to twist with each
other as well as to twist with bobbin or carriage threads. It is preferred that
these guides should be mounted on guide bars, or otherwise arranged to admit
of their being shogged or moved in directions to and from the ends of the
machine. The guides may be caused to rotate partly or wholly found as
occasion may require by means of toothed racks or otherwise. Ordinarily there

page_text: will be one carriage or bobbin thread to each rotating guide, that is one
carriage or bobbin thread to two warp threads, but this may be varied, depend-
ing on the nature of the twist lace or net fabric desired to be produced.
By these means the meshes may, when desired, be of a finer gauge than the
gauge of the machine. Extra threads may in carrying out our Invention be
employed for the various purposes for which they have been heretofore used in
twist lace machines. It is not necessary that all the ordinary warp threads
used in a machine should be worked by rotating guides, as ordinary guides
may be used, together with rotating guides such as above described. In
arranging the working of the rotating guides they should be caused to alternate
in the direction in which they from time to time rotate, in order that the
threads may not be twisted continually in the same direction. In order to
prevent some of the pairs of warp threads from twisting when their guides are
rotated, points, stumps, or other instruments may be used, by which varied
effects may be obtained in the fabrics. Where different warp threads require
to be used up at different rates, they will as heretofore be wound on separate
beams or spools or bobbins.
'
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Boot and John Coxon in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 28th December 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, RICHARD
Boor, of Arboretum Street, Nottingham, Lace Designer, and JOHN COXON, of
Long Hedge Lane, New Sneinton, Nottingham, Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Richard Boot and John Coxon, Her special licence that we, the said
Richard Boot and John Coxon, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said Richard Boot and John Coxon, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TWIST LACE MACHINES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Richard Boot and John Coxon, our

page_text: executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or their
hands and seals, or under hand and seal of one of us or them, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Richard Boot and John Coxon, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the.
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in twist lace machines.
For these purposes guides are employed, each carrying two eyes or passages
for two warp threads; these guides are made capable of revolving in order that
the two threads carried by them may when desired be made to twist with each
other as well as to twist with bobbin or carriage threads. It is preferred that
these guides should be mounted on guide bars, or otherwise arranged to
admit of their being shogged or moved in directions to and from the ends of
the machine. The guides may be caused to rotate partly or wholly round
as occasion may require by means of toothed racks or otherwise. Ordinarily
there will be one carriage or bobbin thread to each rotating guide, that is
one carriage or bobbin thread to two warp threads, but this may be varied,
depending on the nature of the twist lace or met fabric desired to be pro-"
duced. By these means the meshes may when desired be of a finer gauge
than the gauge of the machine. Extra threads may in carrying out our
Invention be employed for the various purposes for which they have been
heretofore used in twist lace machines. It is not necessary that all the
ordinary warp threads used in a machine should be worked by rotating guides,
as ordinary guides may be used, together with rotating guides such as above
described. In arranging the working of the rotating guides they should be
caused to alternate in the direction in which they from time to time rotate, in
order that the threads may not be twisted continually in the same direction.
In order to prevent some of the pairs of warp threads from twisting when
their guides are rotated, points, stumps, or other instruments may be used,
by which varied effects may be obtained in the fabrics. Where different
warp threads require to be used up at different rates, they will as heretofore
be wound on separate beams or spools or bobbins.
And in order that our said Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into effect, we will proceed to describe the Drawings
bereu to annexed.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows as much of a lace machine as is necessary for the illus-
tration of the Invention.
a, a, is one of the carriages with its bobbin; b, b, are the comb bars in
which the carriages work; c, c, are double-eyed rotating guides through which
the warp thread pass; they are mounted in the perforated guide bars d, d, and
made to revolve by means of the toothed racks or perforated rack bars e, e, as
shown in Figure 2. Each double-eyed guide is furnished with a small wheel
or revolver f, f. One of the rotating guides is shewn separately at Figure 3,
and the wheel or revolver fat Figure 4. The teeth or cogs of the wheels or
revolvers are so arranged as to work with the rack bars e, e, as is shown. The
number of rack bars e employed depends on the description of lace which it is
desired to make. In some cases all the revolving guides may receive motion
simultaneously; in other cases they may be arranged, as shown in the Drawing,
with numerous rack bars e, so that they may be revolved independently the one
of the other. The perforated guide bars d may be arranged to admit of being
shogged by the jacquard or other means right and left and left and right of
the machine, so as to give an endway motion to the rotating guides in addition
to their revolving motion; the rack bars e will when the guide bars d are
shogged require to receive corresponding movements, to prevent them rotating
the guides c except when they are required so to do. 9, 9, are ordinary guide
bars for other warp threads, extra and embroidering threads.
As an illustration of the working of the machine we will suppose it to be
ten-point gauge, having therefore twenty bobbins and carriages to the inch,
and arranged for the making of square net of twenty gauge, we should then
have twenty of the double-eyed guides c to the inch, or one to each carriage,
ten in the front guide bar d, and ten in the back bar d, arranged in four
rows. Each guide c is in this case similar to that shown at Figure 5, one of
its eyes being central and the other one gate removed from the axis about
which the guide rotates. The four rows of rotating guides are operated upon
by the toothed or perforated rack bars e, e, Figure 2, which rack bars are
worked from the jacquard.
In making plain net of this description the small wheels f, f, Figure 4, may
be fastened in the same place upon each guide, but when arranging the machine
so as to enable us to make fancy.net, or matting, weavings, or finings in
conjunction with the plain net, they are so placed as to admit of a greater
number of toothed rack bars being employed, by which method each rack bar
may operate upon the guides only at intervals of, say, one, two, three, or more

page_text: inches, according to the extent of pattern we wish to produce, or other methods
for producing patterns may be employed, ás is well understood by lace makers,
thus we may make use of stumps, jacks, or other means for influencing the
threads after passing through the double-eyed guides.
To produce the plain twenty gauge net the course is thus worked. First
motion-Carriages in the front, the rack bars e and guide bars d'on the dead
stop; the rotating guides c each carry their threads one gate apart, the central
eye being lower than the other eye; bars d rise one gate. Second motion:
Rack bars e rise sufficiently to cause the double-eyed guides to turn half way
round, bringing the threads into an exactly opposite position to what they
occupied on the first motion; the bars d fall to dead stop. Third motion:-
Rack bars e fall one quarter, bringing both threads into one gate; bars d rise
one gate. Fourth motion:-Rack bars e rise to produce one revolution of
rotating guides c; the bars d not moved from last position. Fifth motion :-
Rack bars e rise one quarter; the bars d still in same position. Sixth motion :-
Rack bars e rise one half; the bars d rise one gate. Seventh motion :-Rack
bars e fall three quarters; the bars d fall one gate. Eighth motion :---Rack
bars e fall one round; the bars & stationary. In producing the above net we
employ an ordinary guide bar g, with one thread to each bobbin thread, placed
at the back of the rotating guides c, rising one gate in the front and falling
one gate in the back motion, so twisting with the bobbin thread.
Figure 6 shows the net made in the manner above described; the red
lines a, a, are the bobbin threads, and the blue b, b, the warps; we in this
nét get two meshes instead of one.
To make single mechlin the bars d are not shogged; the eyes or passages on
the rotating guides stand two gates apart, as at Figure 7, the two passages in
each guide being in a line endways of the machine, so that two carriages would
stand between the two threads in each rotating guide. The front bars d, or
Nos. 1 and 2, carry the rotating guides c, corresponding with each alternate
bobbin, thus leaving also the rotating guides of each alternate bobbin to be
carried by the back bars d, or Nos. 3 and 4. Rack bars 1 and 2 on the dead
stop on the first motion, 3 and 4 on the fourth motion. First motion:-Car-
riages in the front; one and two rack bars e not moved, three and four rack
bars e lower one quarter. Second motion:-Carriages in the back; raise
1 and 2 one quarter, lower 3 and 4 one round. Third motion :-Lower 1
and 2 bars one quarter, lower 3 and 4 half round. Fourth motion :--Raise
1 and 2 one quarter, 3 and 4 lower one quarter. Fifth motion :-Raise
1 and 2 one round, raise 3 and 4 one quarter. Sixth motion:-Raise 1 and 2
one half, lower. 3 and 4 one quarter. Seventh :-Raise 1 and 2 one quarter,

page_text: raise 3 and 4 one quarter. Eighth-Lower 1 and 2 one quarter, raise
3 and 4 one round. Ninth :-Raise 1 and 2 one quarter, raise 3 and 4 half
round. Tenth-Lower 1 and 2 one quarter, raise 3 and 4 one quarter.
Eleventh-Lower 1 and 2 one round, lower 3 and 4 one quarter. Twelfth :
-Lower 1 and 2 half round, raise 3 and 4 one quarter. The above cut
would produce lace equal to fifteen-point gauge on a ten-point machine.
The revolving guides may be made with three eyes, as is shown at Figure 8,
one central and the others one gate removed from it on either side; usually
two only of the eyes will be used to carry threads at the same time, the central
eye may however in some cases be used together with the two side.eyes, and
it may carry a thread to thicken the pillar.
What we claim is the use in twist lace machines of rotating guides, each
carrying warp threads between which a carriage or carriages pass, and which
warp threads the guides twist together as well as with the carriage threads, as
described.
Also, the mounting such rotating guides in such manner as to admit of their
being shogged or moved in directions to and from the ends of the machine.
In witness whereof, we, the said Richard Boot and John Coxon, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Nineteenth day of December,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
RICHARD DOOT. (L.S.)
(L.S.)
JOHN COXON.
RICHARD BOOT. (L.S.)
JOHN COXON.
(L.S.)