IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR ROASTING AND COOLING COFFEE. COCOA, AND OTHER BERRIES AND MATERIALS.
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ebenezer Boyes, of Athol Villas, Bensham
Grove, Thornton Heath, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR ROASTING AND COOLING
COFFEE. COCOA, AND OTHER BERRIES AND MATERIALS.'
"
COFFEE, COCOA, AND OTHER BERRIES AND MATERIALS."
"
Sealed the 10th December 1872, and dated the 19th October 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ebenezer Boyes at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 19th October 1872.
I, EBENEZER BOYES, of Athol Villas, Bensham Grove, Thornton
Heath, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR ROASTING
AND COOLING COFFEE, COCOA, AND OTHER BERRIES AND MATERIALS," to be as
follows:-
arrange
The Invention relates to a novel construction and arrangement of
apparatus for roasting and cooling coffee, cocoa, and other berries and
materials. For this purpose I
the roasting and cooling
apparatus in a single frame with the roasting cylinder above the
cooling apparatus, so that when the material is roasted it may be
immediately discharged into the cooling apparatus without the necessity
of removing the roasting cylinder from one place to another as heretofore.
:

page_text: The roasting cylinder I mount on an axis as heretofore, and I give
rotary motion thereto by means of a handle and suitable gearing.
In the centre of the cylinder I arrange an air burner" by which
a combination of gas and air is employed to assist in heating the
cylinder and its contents, and on the under side I arrange other burners
of a similar character to apply heat to the exterior of the cylinder.
In the interior of the cylinder I fix a number of discs so as to divide
the cylinder into a number of chambers. These discs have holes formed
in their centres sufficiently large to form a chamber for the central “air
burner," whilst, except as herein-after stated, they do not extend to the
periphery of the cylinder, but leave a sufficiently large annular space for
the reception of the material to be roasted. These dises are at the
centre connected together in pairs by means of short cylinders or rings,
and at their periphery they are also joined together by other short cylinders
or rings, but these outer rings are not opposite to the inner rings. By
these means I form a number of alternate chambers which are open to
the inner heating space and closed at their peripheries, and a number
of alternate chambers between the former ones which are closed to the
central heating space and open at their peripheries. The chambers
which communicate with the inner heating space I also at intervals
cause to communicate with apertures in the periphery of the cylinder,
by extending the discs at intervals to the periphery, and closing such
extensions together so as to prevent the material being roasted from
entering into such chambers. Or instead of employing discs parallel to
each other to form parallel chambers between them I in some cases
make the divisions of a dished form so as to make when put together
chambers of a conical section between them; and instead of forming
connections between the chambers and the periphery of the cylinder
for the heat and products of combustion to pass away such chambers
and the periphery of the cylinder may be perforated; or if desired the
perforations may be dispensed with.
The inner surface of the periphery of the cylinder is provided with a
number of inclined guides or stirrers so arranged as to direct the
contents of the cylinder alternately from the centre to the ends of the
cylinder and vice versa.
In order to facilitate the taking of a sample from the cylinder I mount
a small sliding door or shutter in suitable guides, and I fix on such door

page_text: or shutter a projection which in the revolution of the cylinder may be
acted upon by a kind of ladle to open the door or shutter, when by
following the opening a sample of the contents of the cylinder will fall
into the ladle or sampling iron. This door or shutter has fixed thereto
a pin or stud which passes into a slot formed in a lever carried by the
periphery of the roasting cylinder, by which means after a sample has
been taken the outer end of such lever coming in contact with a fixed
stop closes the door or shutter.
A door extending from end to end of the cylinder is arranged with
capability of easy removal therefrom to permit of the contents of the
cylinder being discharged therefrom into the cooling apparatus below.
The cooling apparatus consists of a trough or chamber which is
divided into a number of separate chambers in a somewhat similar
manner to the roasting cylinder, by means of partitions which are a
small distance short of the top and bottom of the cooling chamber, and
are connected together in pairs at the top only, and are suitably
perforated to permit of a current of air being drawn or forced there-
through, and through the contents thereof by means of a fan which is
set in motion by a handle acting upon suitable gearing connected
therewith.
The contents of the cooling apparatus will thus be divided into a
number of thin walls or divisions, with air spaces between them, and
will therefore be in a position readily to part with the heat thereof.
The cooling apparatus is provided with a sliding bottom to enable the
contents thereof readily to be discharged when cooled, and I so arrange
the passages that the air is drawn or forced through the contents from
below upwards.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Ebenezer Boyes in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 18th April 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EBENEZER
BOYES, of Athol Villas, Bensham Grove, Thornton Heath, in the County
of Surrey, send greeting.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Ebenezer Boyes in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 18th April 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EBENEZER
BOYES, of Athol Villas, Bensham Grove, Thornton Heath, in the County
of Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of October, in the

page_text: year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Ebenezer Boyes, Her special license
that I, the said Ebenezer Boyes, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Ebenezer Boyes, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, excrcise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR ROASTING AND COOLING COFFEE, COCOA, AND OTHER
BERRIES AND MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Ebenezer Boyes, my executors or administrators, by an in-
strument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and scals,
should particularly describo and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Ebenezer Boyes, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:
The Invention relates to a novel construction and arrangement of
apparatus for roasting and cooling coffee, cocoa, and other berries and
materials. For this purpose I arrange the roasting and cooling apparatus
in a single frame with the roasting cylinder above the cooling apparatus,
so that when the material is roasted it may be immediately discharged
into the cooling apparatus without the necessity of removing the roasting
cylinder from one place to another as heretofore.
The roasting cylinder I mount on an axis as heretofore, and I give
rotary motion thereto by means of a handle and suitable gearing.
In the centre of the cylinder I arrange an "air burner" by which a
combination of gas and air is employed to assist in heating the cylinder
and its contents, and on the under side I arrange other burners of a
similar character to apply heat to the exterior of the cylinder.
In the interior of the cylinder I fix a number of discs so as to divide

page_text: the cylinder into a number of chambers. These discs have holes formed
in their centres sufficiently large to form a chamber for the central
"air burner," whilst, except as herein-after stated, they do not extend to
the periphery of the cylinder, but leave a sufficiently large annular space
for the reception of the material to be roasted. These discs are at the
centre connected together in pairs by means of short cylinders or rings,
and at their periphery they are also joined together by other short
cylinders or rings, but these outer rings are not opposite to the inner
rings. By these means I form a number of alternate chambers which
are open to the inner heating space and closed at their peripheries, and
a number of alternate chambers between the former ones which aro
closed to the central heating space and open at ther peripheries. The
chambers which communicate with the inner heating space I also at
intervals cause to communicate with apertures in the periphery of the
cylinder, by extending the discs at intervals to the periphery, and closing
such extensions together so as to prevent the material being roasted
from entering into such chambers. Or instead of employing discs
parallel to each other to form parallel chambers between them I in
some cases make the divisions of a dished form, so as to make when
put together chambers of a conical section between them, and
instead of forming connections between the chambers and the periphery
of the cylinder for the heat and products of combustion to pass away,
such chambers and the periphery of the cylinder may be perforated; or
if desired the perforations may be dispensed with.
The inner surface of the periphery of the cylinder is provided with
a number of inclined guides or stirrers so arranged as to direct the
contents of the cylinder alternately from the centre to the ends of the
cylinder and vice versa.
In order to facilitate the taking of a sample from the cylinder I
mount a small sliding door or shutter in suitable guides, and I fix on
such door or shutter a projection which in the revolution of the cylinder
may be acted upon by a kind of ladle to open the door or shutter, when
by following the opening a sample of the contents of the cylinder will
fall into the ladle or sampling iron. This door or shutter has fixed
thereto a pin or stud which passes into a slot formed in a lever carried
by the periphery of the roasting cylinder, by which means after a sample.
has been taken, the outer end of such lever coming in contact with a
fixed stop closes the door or shutter.

page_text: A door extending from end to end of the cylinder is arranged with
capability of easy removal therefrom, to permit of the contents of the
cylinder being discharged therefrom into the cooling apparatus below.
The cooling apparatus consists of a trough or chamber which is
divided into a number of separate chambers in a somewhat similar
manner to the roasting cylinder, by means of partitions which are a
small distance short of the top and bottom of the cooling chamber, and
are connected together in pairs at the top only, and are suitably
perforated to permit of a current of air being drawn or forced there-
through, and through the contents thereof by means of a fan which is
set in motion by a handle acting upon suitable gearing connected
therewith.
The contents of the cooling apparatus will thus be divided into a
number of thin walls or divisions, with air spaces between them, and will
therefore be in a position readily to part with the heat thereof. The
cooling apparatus is provided with a sliding bottom to enable the
contents thereof readily to be discharged when cooled, and I so arrange
the passages that the air is drawn or forced through the contents from
below upwards.
And in order that my said Invention may be more clearly understood
and readily carried into effect, I will proceed, aided by the accompanying
Drawings, more fully to describe the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a side view of machinery or apparatus arranged according
to my Invention; Figure 2 is a vertical cross section taken on the
line 1, 1, of Figure 1; Figure 3 is an end view; and Figure 4 is a
section through the cylinder taken on the line 2, 2, of Figure 2.
The roasting apparatus A and the cooling apparatus B are mounted
one above the other in a single frame C, so that when the material is
roasted it may be discharged directly into the cooling apparatus without
the necessity of removing the roasting cylinder from one place to another
as heretofore. The roasting cylinder a, which has numerous holes
perforated through the periphery thereof, is mounted on an axis to
which rotary motion is given by means of a handle fixed to the fly
wheel b, on the axis of which is a toothed pinion
gives motion to a toothed wheel a² fixed on the
cylinder a is fixed.
which takes into and
axis a to which the

page_text: In the centre of the cylinder a I form a chamber a* in which I
arrange an "air burner" c, by which a combination of gas and air is
employed to assist in heating the cylinder a and its contents, and on the
under side of the cylinder a I arrange other "air burners" d, to apply
heat to the exterior of the cylinder a, gas and air being supplied to the
burners c and d by the means shown in the Drawings or otherwise as
may be found convenient.
In the interior of the cylinder a I fix a number of perforated discs a³
to divide the cylinder into a number of chambers. These discs a³ have
holes formed in their centres sufficiently large to form the chamber a*
for the central "air burner;" and as shown in the Drawing they do not
extend to the periphery of the cylinder a but leave a sufficiently large
annular space for the reception of the material to be roasted. These
discs as are at their centres connected together in pairs by means of
rings or short cylinders a*; but as shown in the Drawings they are not
connected together at their peripheries, but are fixed at such a distance
from each other as to enable the products of combustion readily to pass
therethrough, whilst they prevent the possibility of any of the contents
of the cylinder a from passing between them into the central heating
chamber a*.
Instead however of making the discs a³ dished as shown they may be
made parallel to each other, and they may be connected together at their
peripheries by other short cylinders or rings, and at intervals connections
may be made between the peripheries of the chambers formed by the
discs and the periphery of the cylinder, to permit of the products of
combustion passing readily away from the central heating chamber
through the chambers formed between the discs, and out through the
periphery of the roasting cylinder a.
The inner surface of the periphery of the cylinder a is provided with
a number of inclined guides or stirrers (not shown) so arranged as to
direct the contents of the cylinder alternately from the centre to the
ends thereof, and vice versa, as will be well. understood
In order to retain the heat as much as possible around the cylinder a,
I enclose the lower part of such cylinder and the “air burners
" d in a
chamber a', which is provided with a door a³ and a sliding bottom a for
the purposes herein-after explained.
And in order to facilitate the taking of a sample from the cylinder
a I mount a small sliding door or shutter a³ in guides aº, and I fix on

page_text: such door or shutter a projection a" which in the revolution of the
cylinder a may be acted upon by a kind of ladle inserted into the
chamber a through the doorway aº, so as to open such door or shutter
when it arrives at about the lowest point of its revolution, then by
following the opening with the ladle a sample of the contents of the
cylinder a will fall into the ladle or sampling iron. The door or shutter
has fixed thereto a pin or stud a" which passes into a slot formed in
a lever a, so that after a sample has been taken the outer end of the
lever a will in the further rotation of the cylinder a come against a fixed
stop as carried by the frame C, which will thereby close the door or
shutter a. A door a" extending from end to end of the cylinder a is
employed to enable the contents of such cylinder to be discharged into the
cooling apparatus B. This door a" is held in position on the cylinder a
by one edge thereof passing under a projecting guide a" and by means
of two turnbuttons a¹; but when the door a" is required to be removed
from the cylinder a the attendant takes hold of the handle a" by a hook
and holds it firmly whilst the cylinder a continues to revolve. Studs or
projections on the door a" will then act on the turnbuttons a" to
move them out of the way and permit the door a" readily to be

page_text: The contents of the cooling apparatus will thus be divided into a number
of thin walls or divisions with air spaces between them, and will there-
fore be in a position readily to part with the heat thereof.
The bottom e¹ of the cooling chamber e is mounted in guides to permit
of its being readily removed, to allow the contents of the chamber c to
be discharged therefrom when sufficiently cooled.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the mode
in which I carry the same into effect, I would have it understood that
what I claim as my Invention is,—
First. The mode substantially as herein shown and described of
arranging the roasting and cooling apparatus, so that the contents of the
former can be discharged into the latter without the necessity of
removing the roasting cylinder from one place to another as heretofore.
.
Second. I claim the peculiar construction of the roasting cylinder,
consisting of a cylinder a and dises a³ arranged and combined in manner
substantially as herein shown and described.
Third. I claim the mode of heating the contents of the cylinder a by
means of an "air burner" c within a central chamber a*, in combination
with "air burners" d underneath the cylinder a, in manner substantially
as herein shown and described.
Fourth. I claim the mode of dividing the cooling chamber e into a
number of separate chambers or compartments by means of perforated
partitions in manner and for the purpose substantially as herein shown
and described.
And Fifthly. I claim the employment of a door or shutter a³ and parts
connected therewith, to enable a sample to be taken from the cylinder
substantially as herein shown and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ebenezer Boyes, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.