IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HARROWS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Colborne Cambridge, of Bristol, Agri-
cultural Implement Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF HARROWS."
Sealed the 19th April 1861, and dated the 25th October 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Colborne
Cambridge at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 25th October 1860.
I, WILLIAM COLBORNE CAMBRIDGE, of Bristol, Agricultural Implement
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HARROWS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in an improvement on the harrow for which a
Patent was granted to Joseph Seaman, bearing date 18th April 1859
(No. 972).
The frame of this class of harrow consists of parallel beams connected:
together by cross tie rods which run through the beams, tubular pieces being
strung on to the tie rods to gauge the distance apart of the beams. Instead
of forming these beams of plain bar iron as heretofore, I use bar iron rolled
with a flange or rib on opposite edges of the same side of the bar. This bar iron
I cut to suitable lengths for the beams, and secure the same together at given
distances apart by cross rods, as above explained. To the upper ends of the

page_text: tines cross pieces are welded, for the purpose of fitting into the
groove formed
in the beams by the ribs or flanges. By thus fitting the tines to the beams
tbey will receive a good side bearing and be prevented from shifting their
position on the beams. I punch a hole through the tines and their cross pieces
to correspond with the holes through the beams through which the tie rods
pass, and by means of these rods and the tubular gauge pieces, secure the tines
in position. The tines I form with a bevilled or cutting-edge, using for the
purpose rods of oval iron or steel, or rods rolled with bevilled or taper edges in
lieu of the ordinary square rods. By cutting such rods into length sufficient to
form two tines and then dividing such pieces by an acute-angled cross cut, I
form the points of two tines simultaneously, and avoid all waste of metal.
From the above description it will be understood that the present Invention
is restricted to the means of constructing the tines and maintaining them in
position when attached to the beams.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Colborne Cambridge in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 25th April 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
COLBORNE CAMBRIDGE, of Bristol, Agricultural Implement Maker, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Colborne Cambridge, Her special license that I, the said William
Colborne Cambridge, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said William Colborne Cambridge, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully,
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HARROWS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Colborne Cambridge, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent,

page_text: Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Colborne Cambridge, do hereby
declare the nature of the said. Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) ::
This Invention consists in an improvement on the harrow for which a
Patent was granted to Joseph Seaman, bearing date 18th April 1859
(No. 972).
The frame of this class of harrows consists of parallel beams connected
together by cross tie rods which run through the beams and tines, tubular
pieces being strung on to the tie rods to gauge the distance apart of the beams.
Instead of forming these beams of plain bar iron as heretofore, I use bar iron
rolled with a flange or rib on opposite edges of the same side of the bar, as
shewn at Figs. 1 and 2 in the accompanying Drawing, whereby not only is
increased strength obtained without increasing the weight of metal employed,
but a longitudinal recess is formed, which enables me to adopt a novel con-
struction of tine, which is not only stronger than those at present in use, but
less costly to manufacture. The double-flanged bar iron I cut to suitable
lengths for the beams of the harrow, and I secure the same together at given
distances apart by cross rods, as above explained, using the tie rods and the
tubular distance pieces for retaining the tines in position.
In forming the improved tines, one of which is shewn in side and edge
views in Figs. 1 and 2, I employ rods of oval iron or steel of the sectional
figure shewn at Fig. 3, or rods rolled with taper or bevilled edges may be
used (instead of the ordinary square rods), and I thus obtain a beneficial cut-
ting edge. By cutting such rods into lengths sufficient to form two tines, and
then dividing such pieces by an acute-angled cross cut, as shewn by the red
line in Fig. 8, I produce the points of two tines simultaneously, and also avoid
all waste of metal.
The upper ends of the tines so formed I square up by means of a hammer
to the shape shewn at Figs. 1 and 2, thus forming flat sides at the head of the
tines.
In these Figures A represents the tine, and B the beam to which it is to
be attached. To one of the flat sides of the tine I weld a cross piece a, so pro-
portioned as to fit snugly into the trough of the flanged beam B. By thus
fitting the tines to the beams they will receive a good side bearing and be effec-
tually prevented from shifting their position on the beam. Through the head

page_text: of the tine and the centre of the cross piece I punch a hole corresponding to
the holes in the beams through which the tie rods C pass, and by means of
these tie rods with the binding nuts at their ends and the tubular gauge pieces
D interposed between the bars I secure the several parts of the harrow
together, in the manner now commonly adopted and shewn in the plan view,
Fig. 4, and the partial sectional elevation, Fig. 5. Two or more of these
harrows may be connected together as shewn at Fig. 4, and worked abreast of
each other, or they may be used singly, as thought most desirable..
.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "Improvements in the
Construction of Harrows," and explained the manner of carrying the same into
effect, I wish it to be understood, that under the above in part recited Letters
Patent I claim the means of constructing the tines of harrows and maintaining
them in position when attached to the beams, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Colborne Cambridge, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, the Twenty-third day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
W. C. CAMBRIDGE. (L.B.)