An Improved Mortising Machine or Apparatus.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Mar., 1885-Accepted, 6th Apr., 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Mortising Machine or Apparatus.
I, JOHANN ANTHON of Flensburg in the German Empire, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :—
The machine consists essentially of a chainlike tool, whose links are formed
with saw-teeth. This chain saw is stretched over two rollers which when driven
by any suitable means cause the saw to revolve therewith the saw entrenching itself
into wood held close to it cutting a quadrangular hole.
And in order that my invention may be particularly described and ascertained
reference is hereby made to the accompanying drawings.
Figures 1 and 2 show the various constructions of the working chain in plan and
side view each,―
Figures 3, 4 and 5 represent the machine with the working chain mounted.
In practice I have found the working chains shown in Figs. 1 and 2, most
suitable for the purpose.
In Figure 1, the chain consists of a number of thin plates d provided with saw-
teeth, which plates are pivoted together, two by two, with a thicker link c,
provided with a large sharp edge. The teeth of the plates d being alternately
cross cut, ie, one tooth is bent a little outwards, the other inwards, making two
saw cuts in the wood; the wood remaining between the two cuts being taken away
by the sharp edge of the links c.
Figure 2 shows the other construction. This chain consists of thin plates f
and provided with saw-teeth, so constructed that two exterior links follow to
two interior links f¹. The teeth of all plates are cross out alternately inwards and
outwards, so that each tooth takes away one part of the wood and by degrees all
the teeth by working together make a hole the whole width of the chain. The
endless chain runs over two rollers or chain wheels b and (Fig. 3) of which the
one is constructed as a chain-wheel with teeth, which enter into the intervals
formed by the link plates d orf. The other under roller & serves only as a support
or guide for the chain and does not prevent the latter from penetrating into the
wood. A plate a split at one end for holding the roller b serves to stretch the
chain sufficiently. Motion is communicated to the chain by means of the upper
wheel. The hole made by the saw-teeth corresponds to the chain system, viz. a
length equal to the diameter of the under wheel b plus the space occupied by
both the chain bands and a width equal to the thickness of the chain. Therefore
with one chain, only one hole of a certain length and width could be made.
But to be able to cut with one and the same chain holes of various width, it
has been arranged to give to the chain, during its working, an oscillatory motion
to both sides across the direction of the cut, so that the under part of the
chain entering the wood, makes the greatest lateral deviation, as shown by the
dotted lines in Figure 3. This oscillatory motion of the working chain forms
the second part of my invention.
As the oscillatory motions are executed in very rapid succession whilst the
chain saw penetrates into the wood, the chain saw cuts out a hole, whose size
depends on the deviation as shown in the wood piece marked W. (Fig. 3). By
giving to the chain a more or less strong deviation, it makes wider or narrower
Boles. By this arrangement many chains of different sizes are rendered unnecessary
and all sizes of holes can be made with one and the same chain.

page_text: Figures 3, 4 and ɔ snow the construction or the macaine. De CORD & 15
carried by the plate a in turn held by the carriage h; this carriage also carries
the bearings of an axle o, upon which the upper chain-wheel is fixed. The
carriage his pivoted to the frame g at I and by this means the oscillatory motion
is obtained, through the medium of a connecting rod p from a crank-axle y or from
an eccentric (Fig. 4). The crank-axle or the eccentric.is so constructed, that the
stroke or the eccentricity may be readily altered and fixed for the desired width of
the hole. In the drawing, the pivot of the crank is shown working in a dovetail
groove formed in the crank disc q by means of which more or less eccentricity can
be obtained.
The other parts of the machine are generally known and found in other
mortising machines. The wooden piece is fixed by the chucks & upon a slide m,
which is lifted by the screws, or by a lever or by a rack, thus bringing the wood
piece to the working phain.
If long sash holes are required, either several holes are mortised one beside the
other by pushing the wooden piece horizontally, or whilst the tool penetrates by
degrees into the wood, the latter can be allowed to make a horizontal movement,
as is the case with the long hole mortising machines. The driving pulley is carried
on the shaft o.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a mortising machine, the application and use of a chain and means for
operating the same, said chain being made up of inner and outer links, all of
which have saw teeth, substantially as described and illustrated by the drawings.
2. In a mortising machine, the application and use of a cutter, with means for
driving the same, and means for reciprocating said cutter laterally, substantially as
described and illustrated by the drawings.
3. In a mortising machine, the application and use of an endless chain cutter,
apper and lower rollers, support extending between them and means for
operating the chain and for reciprocating the same laterally, substantially as
described and illustrated by the drawings.
4. The combination, in a mortising machine, of the cutter, the pivoted support
carrying the same, the driving means carried by the support and means for
Oscillating the support on its pivot substantially as described and illustrated by the
drawings.
5. The combination, in a mortising machine, of the catter consisting of the
chain, the upper and lower rollers therefor, the pivoted support carrying the same,
the bar a extending from the upper to the lower roller and means for oscillating
the pivoted support, substantially as described and illustrated by the drawings.
6. The improved mortising machine substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated 4th March 1895.
GEO.
DOWNING,
8, Quality Court, London, W.C., Agent.