IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY "
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Jones, of San Francisco, California, now of
No. 8, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middle-
sex, Mining Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by the said James Jones at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
January 1866.
I, JAMES JONES, of San Francisco, California, now of No. 8, Southampton
Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mining Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY, FOR CRUSHING AND PULVERIZING ORES AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES,"
to be as follows:-
The said improvements relate to machinery for crusbing, grinding, and
pulverizing metallic ores, stones, coal, bones, and other hard substances, and,
consist chiefly in the means for adjusting the jaws and side plates between
which the said ores or other substances are broken or crushed, in the mode of
operating the said jaws, in the construction of the beaters for pulverizing the
ores or other substances, and in the mode of constructing the case containing
the said beaters.
The ores or other substances to be treated are placed between the jaws of
the crushing machine. These jaws consist of strong plates of cast iron, upon
which are secured other plates of chilled iron, by preference furnished with

page_text: teeth or corrugations on their contiguous surfaces. One of these jaws is
supported and vibrates upon pins or studs working in bearings fixed in the
framing of the machine; the other jaw is supported upon a vibrating shaft
working in adjustable bearings. By this arrangement the distance between
the two jaws can be regulated so as to crush the ores or other substances
more or less finely, as required. The vibrating shaft carrying the adjustable
jaw works in a bearing resting on the foundation plate of the machine. The
base of this bearing is provided with slotted holes through which are passed
bolts, and by which the said bearing can be secured in any required position
upon the foundation plate. The ends of this vibrating shaft extend into
bearings fitted to slide in horizontal guideways formed on the sides of the
framing. When the adjustable jaw has been set the required distance from
the other jaw packing blocks of suitable thickness are inserted in the hori-
zontal guideways behind these end bearings to keep the adjustable jaw from
being forced back. Instead of using these packing blocks for securing the
adjustable jaw the said jaw may be adjusted and secured by screws passing
through the framing at the back of the horizontal guideways. The escape of
any portion of the ores or other substances being crushed from the sides of the
crushing apparatus is prevented by strong side plates, which fit closely to the
edges of the jaws and are adjusted thereto by screws or other suitable means.
These jaws receive their vibrating motion by means of strong connecting rods
from a three-throw crank shaft working in suitable bearings fixed on the
framing. The cranks on this shaft are preferably formed by turning down the
solid portions of the said shaft till the required diameter and throw for each
crank is obtained. Motion is communicated to the shaft by a driving belt
passing over a pulley, or in any other convenient manner, and this motion is
equalized by a fly wheel fixed on the end of the said shaft. Two of the cranks
operate one of the jaws and the third crank operates the other jaw. By the
cranks being arranged opposite to each other as above described the two jaws
are caused to work together in such manner as to exert the greatest amount
of force upon the ore or other substance placed between them. When suf-
ficiently reduced the ore or other substance passes from the crushing jaws
through apertures formed in the foundation plate of the machine.
In treating ores, coals, bones, and other substances which require being
reduced to a pulverized condition, the said ores or other substances are con-
veyed from the crushing jaws to a drum or case containing a set of beaters for
pulverizing, and a fan for carrying off and depositing the pulverized particles
of the ores or other substances in suitable collecting chambers. These beaters
are secured upon radial arms fixed on a central shaft working in suitable

page_text: bearings in the drum or case. The fan is secured at one end of the said shaft,:
to which a rapid motion is given by a band passing over a suitable pulley.
The said beaters, are formed of chilled iron or steel, and are champered or
bevilled on their faces to prevent the unpulverized particles of ore or other.
substance being carried partially round with the said beaters, which would in.
some degree prevent the required attrition between the said particles.. The
beaters are prevented becoming detached from their arms by means of a dove-
tailed recess formed in the back of the said beaters, and. fitted upon a corre-
sponding dovetailed projection formed on the radial arms; the beaters being,
further secured on the said arms by screws or other similar fastening. passing
through the dovetailed recess. and. projection. The fan chamber is separated,
from the portion of the drum, or case containing the beaters by a partition..
This partition fits closely all round. the central shaft and round the interior of,
the drum or case, except at its upper portion, which is provided with an;
aperture for the admission of the pulverized material into the fan chamber.
This aperture is protected. on each side of the partition by a shield extending.
partly across the case or drum and fitting closely round the upper portion
thereof, a space being left between. these shields and the partition; any sub-
stance, therefore, passing from the beater chamber to the fan chamber must
ascend between the partition and the shield in the beater chamber and then,
descend between the said partition and the shield in the fan chamber. This,
arrangement prevents any but the light or pulverized material obtaining access
to the fan, which, from its rapid motion,. would. soon, be destroyed by contact.
with coarse and heavy particles of the said material. The ores or other sub:
stances are thus effectually and rapidly reduced to a pulverized condition, and,
by means of the current of air produced by the fan are deposited in suitable.
collecting chambers.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Jones in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st
July 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS. SHALL COME, I, JAMES-
JONES, of San Francisco, California, now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mining Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters,
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of January, in the year of our Lord.

page_text: One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said James Jones, Hèr special licence that I, the said James Jones, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James
Jones, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING AND PULVERIZING ORES AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES,"
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James Jones, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and:
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
upon
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Jones, do hereby declare the
nature. of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following.
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, making a part
of this Specification:-
The said improvements relate to machinery for crushing, grinding, and
pulverizing metallic ores, quartz, stones, coal, bones, and other hard substances,.
and consist chiefly in the means for adjusting the jaws and side plates between
which the ores or other substances are crushed, in the mode of operating the
said jaws, and also in the mode of constructing the beaters (for pulverizing),
and the case in which the said beaters are enclosed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a plan of the top of the crushing jaws and parts connected
therewith; Figure 2 represents a section on the line a, x, Figure 1;
Figure 8. is a side elevation of the same; Figure 4 is an end elevation of the
beater case; Figure 5 is a vertical longitudinal section of the same on the
line y, y, Figure 4; Figure 6 is a transverse section of the same on the
line,, Figure 5. Like letters refer to corresponding parts in each of
the Figures.
The framing A, which is constructed to support firmly and conveniently the.
working parts of the machine, is securely attached to the foundation plate B
by the bolts a, the two sides of the said framing being strongly braced together

page_text: by the cross-ties or stays A¹. The crushing jaws, between which and by whose
action the ores or other substances are broken or crushed, consist of strong
plates of cast iron C and C¹, lined on their contiguous surfaces with other
plates of chilled iron D; these plates D are made in two or more sections,
secured upon the plates C and C¹ by the bolts b, the heads of which are.
recessed or countersunk as represented in Figure 2. The plates Dare, by
preference, furnished with teeth c, but may be advantageously formed with
ribs or corrugations, or may even be quite smooth on their surfaces. The
jaw C is provided with the pins or studs C, which are supported so as to
vibrate freely in the bearing d secured in the sides of the framing A. The'
other jaw is provided with an arm C³, by which it is attached to a vibrating
shaft E working in the adjustable bearings F and G. By the employment of
these adjustable bearings for supporting the jaw C¹ the said jaw can be set'
nearer to or farther from the other jaw C, and the ores or other substances
placed between the said jaws can be thereby crushed more or less finely, as
required. The central bearing G, through which the shaft E
passes, is formed:
with a base or foot E¹ resting upon the foundation plate B. The said base-is
provided with a slat or aperture e, through which is passed the bolt e: The
slot e allows the bearing G to be easily moved and secured in any required'
position on the foundation plate B, which materially assists in the adjustment'
of the jaw C, and also serves to keep the jaw C' from being drawn closer to
the jaw C. The end bearings F of the shaft E are fitted to slide in the'
horizontal guideways H formed in the sides of the framing A. When the
crushing jaw C has been correctly adjusted the nut e is screwed down tightly.
to prevent the moving of the bearing G, while the blocks fare inserted in the
guideways H behind the bearings F. These blocks, which may be of any
required thickness, prevent the jaw C¹ being forced back out of its position'
when operating upon the ore or other hard substance being crushed. Instead'
of the blocks f, screws. passing through the back of the slots H may be
employed to adjust and secure the bearings F. The side plates I prevent the
escape of the ores or other substances from the sides of the crushing jaws C
and C. These side plates are fitted accurately and closely to the edges of the
said jaws, and are adjusted and secured in contact therewith by the screws g
or other suitable means. The sides of the chilled iron plates D are formed'
with projections D' to afford a greater bearing surface against the surface of
the side plates I. The jaws C and C³ receive a powerful vibratory motion.
from the cranks L and L on the crank shaft L, the said jaws and cranks
being connected together by strong rods J and K. The said cranks are
preferably formed by turning down portions of the solid shaft L till the proper

page_text: diameter and throw for each crank is obtained.
The two side cranks L' are
formed on the shaft L exactly opposite the central crank L. The cranks L
operate the jaw C, and the crank L' operates the jaw C¹, as shewn in
Figure 1. By this arrangement of the three cranks L, L, and L2, the two
jaws C and C¹ are caused to operate together with a very strong pressure
upon the ore or other substance placed between them. The foundation
plate B is provided with the apertures i, through which the particles of ore or
other substance pass after being crushed. Motion is communicated to the
shaft L by a driving belt passing over the pulley M, and this motion is
equalized by the fly wheel N firmly keyed on the end of the said shaft; or
two driving pulleys may be provided fixed one on each end of the shaft L
instead of one pulley and a fly wheel, as represented in the Drawings. The
drum or case O of the pulverizer, Figures 4, 5, and 6, in which are enclosed a
series of revolving beaters P and an exhausting fan Q is supported upon the
feet j, and is provided with the spout, through which the substance to be
pulverized enters the beater chamber 0¹. The beaters P are secured upon
the radial arms R, which are firmly keyed upon the central shaft S, the said.
shaft being supported to turn freely in the bearings t attached to the drum or
case O. The said beaters are formed of chill hardened iron or steel, and are
chamfered or bevilled on their faces. Forming the said faces in this manner
prevents the unpulverized portions of ore being carried round with the beaters,
which would prevent in a great measure the necessary attrition between the
particles of ore, and would render the operation of pulverizing slower and less
perfect. The beaters P are dovetailed upon the ends of the arms R by the
projection k formed on the back of the said beaters, which projection fits
tightly into a corresponding recess formed in the web or flange on the arms R,
or, if desired, the projection k may be formed on the end of the arms, and the
corresponding recess may be formed in the back of the beaters. The said
beaters are still further secured upon the arms R by the screws m or other
suitable fastening. By thus securing the arms R and beaters P together, the
latter if fractured are prevented flying off and injuring the drum or case O.
The fan chamber O³ is separated from the beater chamber O¹ by the partition T.
This partition fits closely all round the shaft S and round the interior of the
drum or case 0, except at the upper portion of the said case where the
apertures n'are formed. These apertures are protected on each side of the
partition T by the shields U and V, which extend partly across the drum or
case O, and fit closely to the upper portion of the sides of the said case. A
space or passage n' is left between the partition T and the shields U and V.
From the above-described arrangement of the said partition and shields it

page_text: is obvious that for any substance to enter from the beater chamber O' into the
fan chamber O the said substance must ascend the passage n¹ between the
partition T and the shield U, and after passing through the apertures n must
descend between the said partition and the shield V; this prevents any but
the light or pulverized particles of the ore or other substance obtaining access
to the fan chamber O, and effectually protects the fan Q, which from its
rapid motion would be liable to severe injury from contact with large or
unpulverized portions of ore or other hard substance. A rapid motion in the
direction of the arrow, Figure 6, is communicated to the shaft S carrying the
beaters P and fan Q by means of driving belts passing over the pulleys S¹.
If preferred one only of these driving pulleys need be employed, but the
arrangement of one on each end of the shaft S, as represented in Figure 5,
causes the pulverizer to work more steadily, and increases its durability. The
ores or other substances to be treated are first placed between the vibrating
jaws C and C, which are set to work nearer to or farther from each other
according to the degree of fineness to which it is desired to reduce the said
ores or other substances. This adjustment is effected by means of the
bearings F and G, in which the shaft E carrying the jaw Cis supported.
The said bearings allow the jaw C' to be easily moved into its required position,
in which it is secured by means of the nut and packing blocks f. The
jaws C and C are then set in motion by means of the cranks L' and L2, which
cause the said jaws to operate powerfully together and quickly reduce the ore
or other substance to be crushed into particles of the required size. As the
said ore or other substance is broken up it passes. away from the crushing jaws
through the aperture i in the foundation plate B into suitable spouts or
channels, from which it passes through the spout j' into the beater chamber O',
where it is subjected to the action of the beaters P, and thereby quickly.
reduced to a finely pulverized condition. The holes q in the end of the drum
or case O supply air to the beater chamber O', and the action of the fan Q
creates a strong current of air through the said chamber, by which the
pulverized material is drawn therefrom into the fan chamber 03, and blown
out of the said chamber through the aperture r into suitable collecting
receptacles. When used for breaking stones or other substances which only
require reducing to pieces of a certain size the said substances will not require
further treatment after leaving the crushing jaws, and the pulverizing process
may be entirely dispensed with. In this case the broken stone or other
material is collected in any convenient manner as it passes through the
aperture i in the foundation plate B.
Having thus described my improvements, and shewn how the same may be

page_text: conveniently and advantageously carried into practice, I wish it understood
that I do not confine myself to the exact details herein-set forth, and illustrated
in the Drawings, as these may be varied without departing from the spirit of
my Invention; but what I do claim is,-
First, the mode of adjusting and securing the jaw C¹ at any required
distance from the jaw C, for the purpose and substantially in the manner
set forth.
Second; the employment of the adjustable side plates I to prevent the escape.
of the ore or other substance being crushed from the sides of the jaws C
and C', constructed and arranged substantially in the manner set forth.
Third, operating the crushing jaws C and C¹ by the cranks L¹ and L³
arranged upon the shaft L, to open and close the said jaws in the manner
herein set forth.
Fourth, the construction of the beaters P, and mode of attaching the said
beaters to the arms R, for the purposes and substantially in the manner
described.
Fifth, the partition T and shields U and V in the drum or case O, with the
apertures n formed in the said partition, for the purpose and substantially in
the manner described.
Sixth, the vibrating jaws C and C¹, adjustable bearings F and G, packing
block, and cranks L' and L³, combined and operating for the purposes and
substantially in the manner set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Jones, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, the Twenty-first day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
Witness,
GEORGE HASELTINE,
"International Patent Office,"
8, Southampton Buildings,
London.
JAMES JONES. (L.S.)