AN IMPROVED STEAM CULTIVATOR FOR LAND
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur Frederic Martindale, of Greystead, in the County
of Northumberland, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED STEAM CULTIVATOR
FOR LAND"
Sealed the 27th July 1877, and dated the 1st March 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur Frederic Martindale
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st March 1877.
ARTHUR FREDERIC MARTINDALE, of Greystead, Northumberland.
STEAM CULTIVATOR FOR LAND."
"
AN IMPROVED
My improved steam cultivator for land consists of a specially constructed engine
and boiler with hauling tackle and carriages, to which is attached a plough, harrow,
or other land cultivator, or if required a mower or grass cutter or reaper.
The boiler is fitted with a furnace, at the back end of which are a number of
strong iron water tubes placed side by side, and extending across the whole width
of the boiler. The bottom of the furnace is flat, composed of a lot of bars parallel
to the sides of the boiler and bent up at the ends. Underneath these bars a rake
traverses with springs pressing between the bars, drawing in its return any ashes
away from the grate underneath the furnace. Above the furnace is a long coal or
fuel box inclined at an angle of 45° or thereabouts, supported by scaffolding. A
pulley is attached to the top of the scaffolding to enable buckets of fuel to be lifted
up and deposited into the box. When the box is filled it is closed by an air-tight
lid. A sufficient quantity of fuel at every certain number of revolutions of the
wheels on the crank shaft is let into the furnace by an arrangement of screws,
the furnace being always supplied with fuel as long as there is any in the box.
On the top of the boiler are safety valves, a governor. There are two cylinders.
The cylinders are made of one piece of solid metal, with two cylinders and three
valve boxes, the middle box being the port valve box for each cylinder. Two boxes,
one at each side, are the exhaust valve boxes. The middle box, according to a
sixteen inch stroke cylinder, is 27 inches long, inside measurement, 8 inches broad,
and 4 inches deep; it is divided into three compartments, the middle compartment
being for the entrance of the stean from the boiler. At the bottom outside of the
port box outside is a neck and lip, all the way round which is buttoned on to the top
of the boiler, being enclosed. round the neck by the boiler plates. Two valves for

page_text: each cylinder at the port side work up and down, covering and uncovering the ports,
being moved by the eccentrics and rods. The boxes for the exhaust valves are at
the outside of the cylinders, right and left, inside measurement, about 20 inches long,
8 inches broad, and 1 inch deep. The axle or crank shaft has 5 eccentrics, four for
the movement of the valves and one for the force pump. There are four wheels, two
at each end of the crank shaft, one at each side to receive iron link bands for working
the ploughs.
On the land requiring to be ploughed I place four anchor carriages, one at each
corner, fixed in position by anchors, and fitted with guide pulleys for wire ropes by
which all the carriages are connected. At one corner of the land is placed the
engine and boiler; on another carriage, and between the corner fixed carriages are
two traversing carriages, one at each side of the field, with the plough or other
cultivator running between them. The plough is moved across the field by wire
ropes worked by the engine, and guided by the wheels on the traversing carriage.
As the wire is turned the plough is moved backwards and forwards between the
traversing carriages making a furrow of the necessary length.
The traversing carriages are fitted with small wheels or rollers having circular
cutters or knives round them to grip the ground to enable the carriage to move
forward after a furrow has been made, and to take up a position ready for the next
furrow.
Within a short distance of one of the stationary carriages, and in a line with the
traversing carriage, is another fixed carriage with guide pulleys and wire ropes for
moving the ploughs the length of the furrow, and moving with the traversing
carriage the distance required for the pulley ropes.
Working in the framework of the carriage are a number of wheels, band pulleys,
and axles. On the outer axle revolves a band pulley drawn along the axle by an
iron link band, but during part of its traverse it passes over a portion of the axle,
on which is a feather or feathers fitting into the corresponding grooves in the pulley,
and while traversing over this feather or feathers the pulley communicates motion
to the axle and through a system of pulleys to the cog wheels below. Along the
frame is a bar or rod furnished with cogs, and gearing into the last wheel of the
train by which it is moved; this bar or rod draws with it the plough and sets the
furrow. When this bar has traversed its full distance a stop at the end pushes a
cross shaft of the cog wheels and forces opposite wheels into gear, so as to produce
motion in an opposite direction, and so on alternately. When the pulley is passing
over the plain part of the axle, that is, when there are no feathers, the gearing is at
rest, and during that time the furrow is being made.
.
A harrow or other cultivator or a grass cutter or mower may be attached to
the carriage instead of a plough, and similar motions performed.
DESCRIPTION OF SHEETS.
Sheet I. shews the general arrangement of feeding apparatus, details of gearing,
small portion of boiler and engine.
and
Sheet II. shews a continuation of Sheet I., details of cog wheels, &c., for the
adjustment or distance between each furrow, and view of shaft.
Sheet III., details of boiler and engine.
Sheet IV. shews details of gearing for setting the furrow.
Sheet V. shews details of gearing for the movement of the shaft.
Sheet VI. shews the general arrangement of the various carriages and wire ropes
on the field.
Sheet VII. shews the details of machinery for feeding the furnace.
Sheet VIII. shews the details of cylinders with the valve boxes and valves.
Sheet IX. shews another view of cylinders.
Sheet X. shews lower wheels and wheels attached to the engine.
Sheet XI. shews details of wheels attached to the engine over the furnace, and
iron link chain band.
Sheet XII. shews details of traversing carriages and ploughs.

page_text: Sheet XIII. shews details of the revolution of the cog wheels for the movement
of the shaft, and slide for valve box.
Sheet XIV. shews details of crank shaft and gearing.
Sheet XV. shews details of valves and slides.
Sheet XVI. shews details of various parts connected with the traversing carriages
ploughs, &c.
Sheet XVII. shews wheels which run along the wires which stretch across the
field, and anchor carriage.
Sheet XVIII. wheels for the support of wire ropes, wheels on stationary and
traversing pulley carriage, &c.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Sheet 2, D 1, is the bucket which after having been filled with coal or other fuel
is drawn up by means of a rope as shewn. As soon as O, O, Sheet 2, arrives at B 1,
Sheet 1, there is a catch, and as the handle continues to be turned empties the
contents into the sliding box A; it contains enough coal for a number of hours;
S, S, a joint at the bottom of the bucket fastened; there is an air-tight cover on the
top of the fuel box, which can be arranged for fuel in the shape of balls, the box
being divided into compartments, see Sheet 7, Plates 2, 3, and 4; when filled the lid
is let down. The coal is stopped at M 1, Sheet 1, and only allowed to pass in
small quantities at every 2592 turns of the 1 B, Sheet 1, and C, Sheet 3; a chain
passes over the wheel 1 B, one third of the diameter of 2 C, and then over another
wheel, which is reduced to of the speed of 1 D; another chain passes round a
small wheel M, Sheet 1, or D, Sheet 7, Plate 1, of the diameter of C, which turns
the wheel I, Sheet 7, which reduces the speed to 1 of the speed of 1 D, Sheet 1.
Over the wheels F and G which turns its shaft through its support, and turns the
wheel h which turns K. and I of the speed of 1 D, Sheet 1; a crank on I,
Sheet 7, and 2, Sheet 1, causes the shaft R, Sheet 1, to be pushed forward in 1296
revolutions of the wheel 1 D; the shaft R has 21 cogs in two feet, and is pushed
forward two feet, striking the teeth of a small cog wheel T with 7 cogs, Sheet 1, and
turns it 3 times, working then through a larger wheel U with 21 cogs, small wheel V,
larger wheel W, small wheel X, larger wheel Y, which turns the shaft A, A, Sheet 1,
and M, Sheet 7, causing 5, 6, 7, teeth to pass, striking the teeth of auxiliary wheels,
see Plate 2, Sheet 7, causing them to turn round, and the cogged shafts, see Plate 6,
Sheet 7, 81 times. Every alternate screw for lumps of coal is taken out, see
Plates 5, 6, and 8, Sheet 7. All the screws of the top range, Sheet 1, and Plate 1,
Sheet 7, the worms are of the same hand, the underneath range of a different hand;
one set are made to work inward while the other set work outward; Plate 7,
Sheet 7, portion of screw with cutter E; Plate 5, Sheet 7, rod which holds the
screw in position, and is cut in the same degree of worm as the screw which
pierces the coal box. The screw with the cutter at the end is twice the length
of the depth of the coal box, and the worm has 81 turns. The cogged shaft
nearest the auxiliary wheel is the same length. There is a door when required
between the two ranges of screws, which is kept closed by a weight, but by hard
pressure, when the upper range of screws are piercing the coal, is forced open.
Furnace cleaner K, Q, Y, S, T, IV., Sheet' 7, and Z, Z, 1Z, and Z 1, I 1, H 1, K1, M 1,
Sheet 1.-The wheel I 1, Sheet 2, makes one revolution to every 432 turns of 1 D,
Sheet 1. It has 8 strong teeth on one part which strike at a given time the small
cog wheel H 1, Sheet 2, or 5, Sheet 7, turning it completely round, and by a crank
causing K 1, Sheet 1, to be pushed forward, and L1 to be pressed up the spring M 1
at each side, or B, Sheet 7; this spring can be altered to the same shape of iron,
kept in position by a weight. A small crank near the small cog wheel H1 can
also cause the bars of the furnace to be given a shake, see F, Plate 1, Sheet 7. As
soon as the rake arrives at the end of the bars A, Sheet 7, B, Plate 9, drops, and any
ashes in the grate are pulled out by B and fall into an ash-pit cut into the ground.
The springs A, Plate 9, Sheet 7, press between the bars, touching the hot cinders.

page_text: Scaffolding for fuel box would be made of wood and iron where required, and be
fixed on a platform. The platform would be made of wood and iron 24 or 26 feet'
long, and about 4 feet in breadth, having 12 or 14 wheels, 6 or 7 on each side. The
platform may be divided at O, T, Sheet 1.
.
The furnace is behind the boiler, see A, Sheet 3. At the back of the furnace are
a number of strong iron pipes, open at both ends into the water space of the boiler.
These prevent the dust and ashes entering the tubes of the boiler. The bottom of
the furnace is flat, and a number of iron bars run the whole length, and are bent up
at the end. At the bottom of the furnace is a grate on which the ashes fall. The
boiler is circular in shape and has flue pipes running twice through it, 1st, from
the back of the furnace to the front of the boiler; second, from the front of the boiler
to the slant, and from thence the smoke escapes through the chimney. At the top of
the boiler and near the chimney there are safety valves, see K, Sheet 3. The safety
valves might be constructed in the manner shewn in K, Sheet 3. The valve would
be packed by rings, which would be pressed by springs at the bottom nearer the
water in boiler to prevent the steam escaping when closed. Holes would be cut for
the exit of the steam at L, O, Sheet 3. The weight J, P, acting by leverage, assisted
by the pulley M, would cause a sufficient pressure the square inch upon the safety
valve. The steam being above a certain pressure the safety valve would be raised,
and the weight J, P, drawn up, the steam escaping through the holes at L, O,
Sheet 3. For stopping the engine the handle P of the catch would be bent down,
which would release it from the weight J, P; then by the pressure of the steam
upon the safety valve P would fly up, pulling a pin A 1 out; a lid B 1 would then
fall down and stop the air from entering the furnace. The handle P, Sheet 3, by a
contrivance in connection with the field may be made self acting.
•
There are two cylinders with valves, see Sheets 8, 9, 13, 14, and 15. Sheet 8;
A, eccentric rods; B, piston rods; C, pistons; d, apertures for the entrance of the
steam from the boiler into the middle compartment, on a line with E entrance of
the steam to the outside compartments; F, ports; G, exhausts on a line with H,
exhausts; L, 'valves, see C, B, Plate 2, Sheet 9. Sheet 15, Plate 1; A, joint for
eccentric rod; B, cross piece of iron, to which are fastened the valve rods; d, slides
instead of packing for valve boxes; E, F, valves for the exhaust boxes. Plate 2,
E, F, valves for port boxes. Plate 3, view of valve. Plate 4, view of valve. Sheet 9,
Plate 1, front view of cylinders; A, boxes for ring packing; B, hole for piston rod;
C, grooves for valve rods; E, line of inside of cylinder, Sheet 1, 3, about full size
of valve box slide.
Sheet XIV., Plate 1.-At one end of the crank shaft there are two wheels, and at
the other end one or two. Over the wheel towards the right hand, Sheet 14, would
pass an iron link band, see Plate 4, Sheet 11, be crossed and passed round the the
wheel C, Plate 1, Sheet 11, or the wheel behind 1B, Sheet 1. Over the wheel 4
towards the left hand, Plate 1, Sheet 14, would pass an iron link band, such as Plate 2,
Sheet 11, not crossed, and round the wheel D, Plate 11, or 1 B, Sheet 1. Over the
wheels attached to the engine, see Sheet 10, three link bands would pass 2 B, K,
and 1 C, Sheet 1, round the wheels 2 C and 1 D, Sheet 1, see Sheet 10. The two
lower wheels, Sheet 10, would revolve in different directions. The small cog wheel
U, T, Sheet 10, or A, or 1 A, Sheet 5, works with 1 D, Sheet 1.
Machinery Used for Changing the Direction of the Travel of the Wheels, see
Sheets 1, 4, 5, and 10.-The cog wheel U, T, Sheet 10, or 1 A, Sheet 5, which has
10 teeth, turns the large wheel B or 1 B, Sheet 5, of 40 teeth, see the wheel under
1D, Sheet 1, then thro' gearing a wheel with 8 teeth, and the wheel C with
32 teeth, Sheet 5, and the wheel F and G, and the shaft I, and cog only in one
direction, as the arrow head. It also turns the shaft E, the cog wheels K and L, M,
and the shaft and cog N in another, as arrow head. The cog wheel H would turn
the cog wheel O, which would turn the shaft P, S, and the wheel T and G, x. The
shaft at S would slip through a ten-sided cavity, and the wheel T would be kept
in its place by B 1, Sheet 4. W, W, W, W, Sheet 5, supports to the wheels and
shafts. The cog wheel G, x, would turn the arrangement of cog wheels A, B, C, E.
で

page_text: The cog wheels O and U would be fixed, and A, A, on C, C, and B, B, on d, d, and
the shaft would turn the small cog wheel F, Sheet 4, which would turn W 2, Sheet 4,
reducing the speed of "C" to the speed of B. On the wheels A, A, B, B, Sheet 13,
there would be 6 cogs wanting in different places. At B the cogs would be less in
length than the others. The wheels A, A, Sheet 5, would strike the cogs of the
shaft at C, and the wheels B, B, at F, while the cogs of the wheel C would strike
the cogs of the shaft at D, see Sheet 2.
The shaft, as shewn in Sheet 2, is about 6 feet 8 inches, or 14 inches broad,
and about 1 inch thick. At the sides are a number of perpendicular indenta-
tions, see Plate 6, Sheet 4, about inch apart, to admit the teeth of cog
wheels for holding the shaft firmly in its place, see Sheet 2. Near the extremities
of the shaft at both ends are two projecting pieces R 1, Sheet 4, which change the
motion of the wheels, Sheets 5 and 1, by pushing their teeth into teeth of wheels
revolving in opposite directions. There are two large cogs at the right and left of
the shaft near the ends, see Sheet 2, R, T, and Q1, Sheet 4, extending the breadth
of the shaft. There are twelve cogs at F, Sheet 2, of which the first 4 are shorter
than the others, and the last two jointed; 18 at D, of which the 1st and last aro
shorter than the others; and 12 at C, of which two are jointed, and and the last 4
shorter than the others.
Description of Wheels over which Pass the Link Bands and Wire Ropes.-The
lower wheels which draw the cultivator up and down the field consist of four
wheels, two at the extremities of two shafts, one at each, those nearest the
engine run loose on the shaft, see Sheet 10. The cog U, T, Sheet 10, moves
with the wheel 1 D, Sheet 1; a moveable wheel between each of these pair of
wheels, over these two wheels there would pass an iron link band, see Plate 2,
Sheet 11. In the middle of these wheels are circular cavities, see F, Sheet 4,
fitting on the shafts; and on each of the wheels are projections, see Plate 2, Sheet 4,
with the cogs rounded and slanted, see Plates 6 and 5, Sheet 14. Both the wheels
are, alike, front and back, but their cogs and slants in their cavities are in different
places, see Plate 2, Sheet 14, the wheels here being 18 inches instead of 12 in
diameter. In each of the side wheels are 12 sided cavities, on the alternate sides
there are projections on the sides, between are indentations, see Plate 5, Sheet 14;
these grooves extend from the mouth to the base of this cavity. At the bottom of
this cavity are the springs, fastened, see Plate 4, Sheet 4, which springs are some-
thing like gun springs. A piece of iron or steel is cut or molded to fit the 12 sided
cavity, with a groove on on each alternate side, and a cog projecting for about an inch
from the bottom of this chamber; there is a cavity cut for the wheels to revolve on
the shaft nearer the engine, the other wheels farther away from the engine being
fixed on cogs as at B, Plate 2, Sheet 4, in order that these latter may turn the shaft
in their revolution.
Upper Wheels, see 2 C, Sheet 1, and I, Sheet 4.-The shafts have one or more
feathers fitting into the wheels; the feather or feathers have a greater length, of
about an inch on the shaft nearer the engine; there are springs between the two
sides of the wheel, see Plate 4, Sheet 4, and the one directly behind it. And
through small holes, Plate 3, Sheet 4, are 12 rods of iron on which the wheel I runs,
Plate 1, Sheet 4; the rods are fastened to L, L, Plate 1 d, Plate 8, as a support
which turn on the shaft; over 2 C and 2D there is an iron link band, see Sheet 1.
Method of Changing the Direction of the Pull of the Wheels.-The shaft, as
shewn in Sheet 4, is completing its movement from left to right. By the omission
of 6 teeth on the wheels, Sheet 13, as they strike the cogs of the shaft at the
fourth cog from their beginning, they leave 3 cogs of the shaft to be pushed on by I,
Sheet 5, which, striking against the large cog 21, pushes E into its cavity, and I
on to a catch; and as soon as the wheels front and back are pressed into their
cavities, the catch G falls and keeps the wheels in their places, the upper wheels just
before the catch falls being released from their cog or cogs on their circular shafts,
and the adjustment for the furrow is completed. At the same time that the shaft is
.completing its movement from left to right it pushes the shaft P, S, Sheet 5, and

page_text: the catch M falls, and the direction of the movement of the shaft is changed through
the wheels A, B, and C revolving in an opposite direction to that before; and as
soon as the cogs of the wheels B meet the cogs of the shaft, see Sheet 5, it proceeds
towards the left. The wheels O and U, Sheet 5, would be fastened to the shaft. and
move with it. The wheels rest against sinall wheels, see K, K, Sheet 4, on each
side B, Sheet 4, Plate 1, stretches between the wheels, having two wheels on each
side, see E, Sheet 4, Plate 1, pressing against the sides of the lower wheels. It
is also supported by three iron shafts, see Sheet 1, running through it; on each side
of it are fastened 5 chains, which are also fastened on the other side, and passing
over wheels at convenient places, pull wheels which press against the sides of the
wheels when moving on their shafts. The wire rope is pulled by the under wheel C,
Sheet 4, Plate 1. The rope after passing twice round proceeds to the wheel
behind M, Sheet 1; this wheel turns by its shaft the larger wheel 1 G, Sheet 1; the
two ends then go on to the wheels of the stationary pulley carriage x, Sheet 6; the
rope going round all the pulley wheels, it proceeds to the wheel on the traversing
carriage 20, and may be here joined, see C, Plate 1, Sheet 12. A wheel over or
under this wheel carries another wire rope, one end of which is fastened to a ring B,
Plate 4, Sheet 12, of the plough, pulls the plough, and the other end after going
round a wheel on the opposite traversing carriage 22, Sheet 6, is joined to a ring on
the other side of the ploughs.
Adjustment Wheels.-A chain passes round O, Plate 1, Sheet 4, against 2 F,
Sheet 1, and round G, Sheet, 2. The wheel G makes one complete revolution from
the pull of the chain; certain teeth are left out, see 5, Sheet 2, and by gearing for
ploughing would turn the large wheel 1 J only 9 inches. A different arrangement
would be used for harrow, mower, or grass cutter, and reaper. The break-
age off of cogs at S, Sheet 2, prevents too great a strain on the shaft and wheel
when the wheel I, Sheet 4, is leaving it; as this may cut the iron, the axis of has
an arm at right angles, towards the end of which an iron axis works with a circle
on the other side, which at the time required presses against d, Sheet 2. B, plate
above, higher than C, see A, B, C, on the right hand; G, joined to the axis springs
may be used for these. Two wire ropes would pass right round the wheel 1 J, one of
their pair of ends would go to the wheel 1, would pass right round it, and one end
go round the wheel 4, Sheet 6, and fastened to the traversing carriage. The other
rope would go round the wheel 3, and be fastened to the traversing carriage. The
other pair of ends would, proceed towards the right in a direct line through the
traversing carriage on rollers, and after stretching 127 or 250 yards, proceed over
the wheel 5, rests against 7, and one end is joined to the traversing carriage. A
wire rope encircles the wheel 6; one end is fastened to the traversing carriage.
Another wire rope goes round the wheels 6 and 8 right across the field; two wire
ropes encircle the wheel 8; one end is joined to the traversing carriage; the other
rope then goes round the wheel 9, and is fastened to the traversing carriage. The
two other ends of the ropes go through the traversing carriage round the wheels 10
and 11, and are fastened to the traversing carriage.
Left Hand Stationary Carriage.-The wheel 1, Sheet 6, drawing the traversing
carriage 20 towards 21, causes the wheel 1 to turn a small cog wheel which turns
the wheel 12, towards the top of which is wound a quantity of wire rope, releases a
certain quantity which allows the small pulley traversing carriage A, A, Sheet 6, to
proceed a certain distance, drawing near the stationary carriage, moving of the
distance of the traversing carriage 20.
The traversing carriages 20 and 22 are about 17 feet broad and about 12 or
14 feet long, at the bottom of which are wheels made as rollers, of a length equal to
the breadth of the traversing carriages; each roller has a number of circular knives
about 1 foot in diameter. At the top of the carriage is a kind of covered shed made
strongly of wood, see Sheet 12, Plate 1. The top declines equally in a slope from
back to front at about 1 in 6. At the back the shed is about 6 feet high, and at
the front about 3 feet high. In the shed at a convenient distance from the top are
5 supports, see K, K, Sheet 16, Plate 9, or E, F, Sheet 12, Plate 1; the irons run

page_text: from the front of the traversing carriage at an inclination the same as the top of
the shed nearly its whole length. In the front of the shed they are bent hori-
zontally and are joined to the wires which run across the field, being about inch
t
in diameter each wire.
At the
The ploughs are made on a self-cleansing principle, joined back to back, both
shears face one way; they are about 6 or more feet from point to point.
top is a piece of wood fitted with iron which is sunk into the cavity of the ploughs,
see M, Plate 4, Sheet 12, the ploughs being riveted and buttoned together are
strongly screwed to it; over this piece of wood is a platform made of wood and
iron, 6 or more feet long by 11 feet broad, and 3 or 4 inches thick, which is strongly
joined to M, Plate 4, Sheet 12. At each extremity of this flat piece of wood there
are 5 levers, see Plate 2, Sheet 12, or A, Plate 3, Sheet 16, at the end of which are
the rollers, see Plate 2, Sheet 16. Under the centre rollers at each extremity there
is a shaft, see F, Plate 2, Sheet 12, and A, Plate 8. There is a projecting piece
of iron B which goes into the cavity at L, Sheet 12.
The ploughs are raised as follows:-As soon as A arrives near L, see Plate 8,
Sheet 12, the contrivance as Plate 1, Sheet 17, which is made to run along the wire.
G, H, I, stationary wheels about 6 inches in diameter; L, E, a wheel with a joint
at F, Plate 1, sinks into the horizontal iron stretching from the shed. The wheels,
Plate 2, Sheet 16, being released, B pushes up Z, Plate 8, Sheet 12, and is clasped
at L; the top of the box, Plate 2, Sheet 16, presses against C, Plate 4, which is
raised, see A, Plate 3, Sheet 12, pulling the wire M, and turns C, which pulls N,
turns d, raises A, Plate 5, Sheet 16, or E, the catch and the ploughs are pulled up, the
rollers running up the iron supports in the shed, and the traversing carriage is
pulled up to the adjustinent of another furrow. The ploughs are pulled back, the
catch, Plate 5, Sheet 16, falls, U pushes up T, Plate S, Sheet 12, and the plough
begins its journey.
In order to support the long wire ropes for the adjustment, wheels as Plate 4,
Sheet 18, and Plate 3, are used; moving with the wire ropes at certain distances are
balls, as in Plate 1, Sheet 16, A being all of one size, 1A a larger size increasing
gradually until 1 F. The spring C, plate 4, presses down A, B prevents the ball
slipping thro', Plate 4, Sheet 17, points out horizontally from the stationary or
traversing carriages. As soon as the wheel, Plate 4, Sheet 18, is pulled on to the
horizontal rod, it opens A, B, and releases the ball. The wire rope proceeding in a
different direction, the larger button as 1A, 1B, &c., pulls the wheel off for its
journey.
'
Plate 1, Sheet 18.-A, wheel for wire rope; B, small cog wheel; C, cog wheel,
above which is wound wire rope; d, small wheel; E, traversing carriage; F, sta-
tionary pulley carriage. Plate 2, A, side view of stationary pulley carriage;
B, traversing pulley carriage. Plate 3, wheels for cross wire ropes.
Sheet 14, Plates 2, 6, and 7, larger lower wheels than Sheet 1; scaffolding or
framework the same height; A to B, 6 inches more than in Plate 2, Sheet 14;
C, wheel with 15 cogs; d, wheel with 40 cogs; E, wheel with 6 cogs; F, wheel with
24 cogs, its height being the same height from the platform x as the axis of the
wheel in Sheet 1.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Arthur Frederic Martindale in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
4th August 1877.
ARTHUR FREDERIC MARTINDALE, of Greystead, Northumberland, Clerk in Orders.
"AN IMPROVED STEAM CULTIVATOR FOR LAND."
My improved steam cultivator for land consists of a specially constructed engine
and boiler with hauling tackle and carriages, to which may be attached, as occasion
requires, a plough, harrow, or other land cultivator; or a mower, or grass cutter, or
reaper.

page_text: The following description refers to my improved cultivator when used for
ploughing, but other farm implements may be substituted for the plough without
deviating from the principle of my Invention, or changing the the general arrange-
ment of the machinery and apparatus.
The boiler is fitted with a furnace, at the back end of which are a number of
strong iron water tubes placed side by side, and extending the whole width of the
boiler across.
The bottom of the furnace is flat, composed of a lot of bars parallel
to the sides of the boiler, and bent up at the ends. Underneath these bars a rake
traverses with springs pressing between the the bars, drawing in its return any ashes
away from the grate underneath the furnace. Above the furnace is a long coal or
fuel box, inclined at an angle of about 45°, resting upon scaffolding. To enable
buckets of fuel to be lifted up and deposited into the box, a pulley is attached to
the top of this scaffolding. When the box is filled, it is closed by an air-tight lid.
A sufficient quantity of coal or other fuel is let into the furnace at certain periods,
which is always supplied with fuel as long as there is any in the box.
On the top of the boiler are safety valves, a governor. There also are two
cylinders. The cylinders are made, with the exception of the lid and two pieces
to cover the bottom of the exhaust chamber, of one piece of solid metal, with
two cylinders and three valve boxes, the middle box being the port valve box for
each cylinder. Two boxes, one at each side, are the exhaust boxes. The middle
box, according to a sixteen inch stroke cylinder, is 27 inches long, inside measure-
ment, 8 inches broad, and 4 inches deep; it is divided into three compartments,
the middle compartment being for the entrance of the steam from the boiler. At
the bottom, outside the port box, is a neck and lip all the way round it, which is
buttoned on to the top of the boiler, being enclosed round the neck by the boiler
plates. Two valves for each cylinder at the port side work up and down, covering
and uncovering the ports, being moved by the eccentrics and rods. The boxes for
the exhaust valves are at the outside of the cylinders right and left; inside measure-
ment about 20 inches long, 8 inches broad, and 1 inch deep. The axle or crank
shaft has 5 eccentrics, 4 for the movement of the valves, and one for the force pump.
There are 4 wheels, two at each end of the crank shaft, one at each side to receive
iron link bands for working the ploughs.
On the land requiring to be ploughed, I place four anchor carriages, one at each
corner, fixed in position by anchors, and fitted with guide pulleys for wire ropes, by
which all the carriages are connected. At one corner of the land is placed the
engine, and boiler on another carriage; and between the corner fixed carriages are
two traversing carriages, one at each side of the field, with the plough or other
cultivator running between them. The plough is moved across the field by wire
ropes worked by the engine, and guided by the wheels on the traversing carriages,
making a furrow of the necessary length.
The traversing carriages are fitted with small wheels, having circular cutters or
knives round them to grip the ground to enable the carriage to move forward after
a furrow has been made, and to take up a position ready for the next furrow.
Within a short distance of one of the stationary carriages, and in line with the
traversing carriage, is another fixed carriage with guide pulleys and wire ropes for
moving the ploughs the length of the furrow, and between the two carriages is
another traversing pulley, carriage with guide pulleys and wire ropes for moving
the ploughs the length of the furrow, and moving with the traversing carriage the
distance required for the pulley ropes.
Working in the framework of the carriage are a number of wheels, band pulleys,
and axles. On the outer axle revolves a band pulley drawn along the axle by
chains, but during part of its traverse it passes over portion of the axle, on which is
a feather or feathers fitting into the corresponding groove or grooves in the pulley;
and while traversing over this feather or feathers, the pulley communicates motion
to the axle, and through a system of pulleys to the cog wheels below. Along the
frame is a bar or rod furnished with cogs and gearing into the last wheel of the
train by which it is moved. This bar or rod draws with it the plough and sets the

page_text: Sheet 1, Plate 1.-D1 is the bucket, which after having been filled with coal or
other fuel is drawn up by means of a rope, as shewn. As soon as 0, 0, arrives
at M 1 there is a catch, and as the handle continues to be turned empties the
contents into the sliding box A. It contains enough coal for a number of hours;
there is an air-tight lid B1 to cover the top of the fuel box, which can be arranged
for fuel in the shape of balls, the box being divided into compartments, see C, C,
D, D, E, E, Plate 14, Sheet 1, Plate 13, when filled the lid is let down. The coal
is stopped at F, and only allowed to pass in small quantities at every 1728 turns
of the wheel 1D, Plate 1, Sheet 1, and 1D, Plate-2; a chain passes round the
wheel 1 B, Plate 1, Sheet 1, or C, Plate 3, of the diameter of 1 D, Plate 2, Sheet 1,
and then over another wheel I 1, Plate 1, or C, Plate 28, Sheet 1, which is reduced
to of the speed in turns of 1D, Plate 2; another chain passes round the small
wheel D, Plate 28, Sheet 1, the diameter of C, Plate 28, Sheet 1, which turns the
wheel E, Plate 28, which reduces the speed to ½ of the speed of 1D, Plate 2,
Sheet 1, over the wheels F and G, which turns its axle through its support, and
turns the wheel O, S, and I, which turns K and X, see 2 E, Plate 1, of the
speed in turns of the wheel C, Plate 3, or E, Plate 14, or 17 of the speed in turns
of 1 D, Plate 2; 2 E, Plate 1, works a crank by its side, which causes the shaft R
to be pushed forward in every alternate 864 revolutions of the wheel 1 D, Plate 2;
the shaft R has 21 cogs in two feet, and is pushed forward two feet, the teeth striking
the teeth of a small cog wheel T, Plate 1, with 7 cogs, and turns it 3 times, working.
then through a larger wheel U with 21 cogs, a small wheel V, larger wheel W,
small wheel Z, larger wheel Y, see Plate 20, Sheet 2, which turns the shaft A, A,
Plate 1, Sheet 1, and B, F, Plate 14, causing 567 teeth to pass, striking the teeth of
auxiliary wheels E, E, Plate 14, causing them to turn round, and the cogged
shaft 81 times, sec Sheet 1, Plates 11, 12, and 27. For lumps of coal every
All
alternate screw is taken out from its cogged shaft, see Plates 9, 10, Sheet 1.
the screws of the top range, Plate 1, Sheet 1, the worms are of the same hand, the
underneath range of a different hand, one set are made to work inward, while the
other set work outward; F, F, Plate 14, auxiliary wheels; Plate 9, portion of screw
with cutter; Plate 27, E, rod which holds the cogged shaft in position, and is cut
the same degree of worm of screw as the screw which pierces the fuel box,
The screw with the cutter at the end is twice in length the depth of the fuel box,
and the worm has 81 turns. The cogged shaft nearest the auxiliary wheel is the

page_text: same length, see F, Plate 1, Sheet 1. There is a door when required, between the
two ranges of screws, which is kept closed by a weight, but by hard pressure, when
the upper range of screws are piercing the coals, may be forced open.
The upper
range of screws for lumps of coal drive through holes cut through the apex of a
ridge of iron, see F, Plate 1, Sheet 1; B, Plate 1, Sheet 1, air-tight box.
Furnace Cleaner I 1, H 1, K 1, 2 F, and 1 B, Plate 1, Sheet 1, or 2; S, T, W,
and F, Z, and Z 1, Plate 28, marks one revolution to every 432 turns of the wheel E,
Plate 14; it has eight strong cogs on one-part, see I 1, Plate 1, which strike at a given
time the small cog wheel H 1, plate 1, turning it completely round, and by a crank,
see S, Plate 28, causing K 1, Plate 1, to be pushed forward, and W to be pressed up the
springs B, B, Plate 29, Sheet 1, at each side, or B 1, Plate 3; this spring can be altered
to the same shape of iron, kept in position by a weight, see B, B, Plate 29, Sheet 1,
at each side, or B 1, Plate 3. A small crank Y, Plate 28, S, or H 1, Plate 1, can
also cause the bars of the furnace to be moved a few inches, shaking the dust from
the furnace, see Z.1, Plate 28. A bar of iron can also, if required be made to stir
the fire. As soon as the rake arrives at the end of the bars A, Plate 29, B drops,
as shewn, and any ashes in the grate are pulled out by B and fall into an ash-pit
cut into the ground. The springs C, Plate 29, press between the bars touching the
hot cinders.
Scaffolding for Fuel Box.-The slanting fuel box would be at an angle of 45°, or
about, and supported by a number of beams of wood fixed in convenient places on
a platform. The platform when required for work would rest on wheels from two
to 4 feet in diameter; it would be made of wood and iron, 21 to 26 feet in length
and about 4 feet in breadth, having 12 or 14 wheels, 6 or 7 on each side, two of
which would be a less diameter than the others, see O, S, Plate 1, Sheet 1. The
platform can be divided at O, T, Plate 1, Sheet 1, Plate 1.
The furnace is behind the boiler and about 1 foot 5 inches long by 3 feet 8 inches
broad and two feet high, or a little more. At the back of the furnace are a number
of strong iron pipes open at both ends into the water space of the boiler. They are
placed side by side and extend the whole breadth of the under part of the boiler.
These are to prevent in a measure the dust or small coal entering the tubes of the
boiler, see Plates 4 and 5, Sheet 1. The bottom of the furnace is flat and a number
of iron bars run the whole length and are bent up at the end; at the bottom of the
furnace is a grate on which the ashes fall. The boiler is circular in shape and has
flue pipes running twice through it; 1st, from the back of the furnace to the front
of the boiler; second, from the front of the boiler to the slant, and from thence the
smoke escapes through the chimney. At the top of the boiler and near the chimney
there are safety valves, see A 1, Plate 1, Sheet 1. The safety valves might be con-
structed in the manner shewn in L, O, Plate 3. The valves would be packed by
rings fitting in the same manner as the piston of a locomotive engine, and pressed
down by springs towards at the bottom nearer the water in the boiler to prevent the
steam escaping when the valves were closed. Holes would be cut for the exit of
the steam at K, Plate 3, Sheet 1. The weight J, P, acting by leverage assisted by
the pulley M, would cause a sufficient pressure the square inch upon the safety
valves. The steam being above a certain amount of pressure, the safety valves
would be raised and the weight J, P, drawn up, the steam escaping through the
holes at K, Plate 3, Sheet 1. For stopping the engine the handle P of the catch
would be bent down which would release it from the weight J, P. Then by the
pressure of the steam upon the safety valves P, would fly up, pulling a pin A 1 out;
a lid B 1 would then fall down and stop the air from entering the furnace. The
handle P, Plate 3, Sheet 1, by a contrivance in connection with the machinery in
the field may be made self-acting. There would be a governor, see Plate 3, Sheet 1.
There are two cylinders with valve boxes, being the passages for the escape of
the steam from the boiler, see Plate 3, Sheet 1, and Plates 13, 14, 15, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
and 10, Sheet 4. The cylinders, with the exception of the lid and two pierces to
cover the bottoms of the exhaust chambers, are made of one piece of metal, see Y, Y,
Y, Y, Plate 15, Sheet 4. The middle box A, Plate 15, is the port valve box for

page_text: each cylinder. Two long boxes at each side are the exhaust boxes, see I, I, Plate 15,
Sheet 4. The middle box, according to a 12 inch stroke cylinder, is about
20 inches long, inside measurement, 6 inches broad, and 3 inches deep; it is divided
into three compartments. Screwed to the top of the lid of the cylinders, see A, A, A,
Sheet 4, Plate 15, there are two boxes through which the piston rods pierce, see D.
The piston rods are packed by half rings, and pieces of iron pressing against these
half rings, which half rings are pressed against the bottoms of the boxes and sides
of the piston rods by springs to prevent any escape of steam. Two port valves for
each cylinder work up and down, covering and uncovering the ports, being moved
by the eccentrics and rods. Slides for the valve boxes are used instead of packing,
see D, Plates 6, 7, 8, and 9. The ports and exhausts are cut at right angles to the
cylinders and opposite to each other, see Plate 15, G, F, Sheet 4.
Plate 13, Sheet 4-Top view of cylinders with piston and valves as working;
A, iron fastened to B, and is held in its position by the crank shaft, the axle turning
through a circular cavity; E, piston; F, box for the escape of the exhaust steam;
G, cut in the two middle partitions of the port box for entrance of the steam; I. port
to cylinder, see F, plate 13; K, division of the exhaust chamber, see M 1, Plate 15;
L, L, exhaust steam holes from cylinder; M. cylinders; N, eccentric rods, piston
rods; Q, joints; R, iron with grooves to keep the rods in position; S, cranks;
T, eccentrics; U, supports of the crank shaft fastened at the bottom to the boiler
plates; V, force pump eccentric; W, wheels for working the cultivator up and
down the field; Y, wheel for traction; Z, crank shaft, Plate 14, shewing positions
of 3 eccentrics, A, 1st; C, 2nd; D, rd; B, joint; E, eccentric rods, Plate 15;
A, A, lid of cylinders and valve boxes; B, box for packing; C, iron to fit exactly
the exhaust box; D, hole for piston rod; E, cylinder; F, port; G, exhausts; H,
waste steam holes; I, lids for bottom of exhaust valve; M 1, divisions of exhaust
chamber, Plate 6; A, joint of eccentric rod; B, valve rods; C, springs; D, slide
pressed by springs; E, exhaust valves; Plate 7 D, D, D, D, slide pressed by springs
in the exhaust chamber, see Plate 8; x, T, the place where the valve is fastened to
the rod; U, V, W, hole cut in the side of the chamber and covered by the slide,
Plate 8; Plate 9, port valves; Plate 10, valves; A, holes for passage of steam;
B, C, springs, side and back views.
I, Plate 13, Sheet 4, and Plate 3, Sheet 1.-Towards one end of the crank shaft
there are two wheels, and towards the other end two. Over the wheel, towards the
right hand, see A, W, Plate 12, Sheet 4, would an iron link band, see Plates 19, 20,
23, and 24, Sheet 1, pass not crossed, and pass over another wheel, see E, Plate 14,
Sheet 1, see also 1 B, Plate 1, Sheet 1, E, Plates 3 and 22 of the diameter, or the
diameter of W, Plate 13, Sheet 4. Over the wheel, towards the left hand, au iron
link band, such as Plates 15, 16, 19, and 20, Sheet 1, be crossed and would pass
over the wheel D, Plate 14, see Plate 22, Sheet 1, which would cause the wheels B, C,
and A, to revolve in different directions, Plate 14, Sheet 1. Over the wheels 1 B,
Plate 1, Sheet 1, or I, Plate 2, Sheet 1, or E, E, Plate 22, Sheet 1, would pass iron
link bands, as Plate 15, Sheet 1, on to the two lower wheels A, A, Plate 21, Sheet 2.
Another link band, see 2 B, Plate 2, Sheet 1; C, Plate 14, is the diameter of A.
The two lower wheels A, A, Plate 22, Sheet 1, revolve on a circular shaft in different
directions; the small cog wheel U, T, Plate 2, Sheet 1, works with 1 D, Plate 2, or
Plate 22, Sheet 1.
All the wheels marked A have concave indentations for the chain band, Plate 15,
Sheet 1; all the wheels marked have convex projections for the link chain band;
all the wheels marked have indentations for every alternate link of an ordinary
chain, see Plate 25, Sheet 1; all the wheels marked X have a plain cut groove round
the wheels for every alternate link of a chain, see Plate 20, Sheet. 1.
Machinery used for changing the direction of the travel of the wheels, see Plate 1,
Sheet 2, and Sheets 1 and 4. The cog wheel U, T, Plate 2, Sheet 1, which has 15
teeth, turns the large wheel C 3 of 40 teeth, then through the gearing C4 with 6 teeth;
13, 24 teeth, see C, Plate 22, Sheet 1; and C, D, F, Plate 21, Sheet 2, which turns
the shaft E 1, Plate 6, Sheet 2, and the wheel F and G, and the shaft and cog I only

page_text: in one direction, as the arrow head; it also turns the shaft E, the cog wheels L, M,
in another direction, as the arrow heads. The cog wheel H would turn the cog
wheel O, which would turn the shaft P, S, and the wheels T and G, x; the shaft
at S would slip through a ten-sided cavity and the wheel T kept in its place by
wheels, see B1, Plate 1, Sheet 2. W, W, W, W, &c., supports to the shafts which
carry the wheels, Plate 6, Sheet 3; V and B 1, Plate 1, and M, T, Plate 6, Sheet 2,
supports for the shaft. The cog wheel H, Plate 6, Sheet 2, would turn the cog
wheel O and T and G, x, which would turn the arrangement of cog wheels A, B, C, D,
and E. The cog wheels O and U would be fixed, see S, S, and C1, Plate 16,
and A, A, on B, A 1, and B, A, B, B, on B and B, Plate 8, Sheet 2; the shaft would
turn the small cog wheel D, Plate 8, and E, Plate 6, or W 2, Plate 1, which would
turn through gearing the wheel C, Plate 6, reducing the speed of C, to ; on.
the wheels A, A, B, B, Plate 6 and Plate 11, there would be six cogs wanting in
different places, Plate 11, at B, the cogs would be less in length than the others.
The wheels B, B, Plate 6, Sheet 2, would strike the cogs of the shaft, Plate 11,
Sheet 4, at F and A, A, at C, while C would strike the wheels at D.
The shaft as shewn in Plate 1, Sheet 2, and Plate 11, Sheet 4, is about 6 feet
long, 8 or 14 inches broad, and about 1 inch thick. At the sides are a number of
perpendicular indentation, about inch apart, to admit the teeth of cog wheels for
holding the shaft firmly in its place, see B, Plate 11. There would be one or two
checks for the movement of the shaft, see Plate 4, Sheet 2, arranged by a weight and
slanting cogs; for the two parallel supported bars of iron screwed together with the
small cog wheels fixed inside, see Plate 11, Sheet 4. Near the extremities of the
shaft, at both ends, are two projecting pieces R 1, Plate 1, Sheet 2, which change
the motion of the wheels on Plate 6, by pushing their teeth into teeth of wheels
revolving in opposite directions. There are two large cogs at the right and left of the
shaft, near the ends, see 21, Plate 1, Sheet 2, R, T, Plate 11, Sheet 4, of which the
1st four are shorter than the others, and the last two jointed; 18, at D, of which the
1st and last are shorter than the others; and 12 at C, of which two are jointed, and
the 4 last shorter than the others, see K 1, 01, P1, Plate 1, Sheet 2. The Figures 12,
18, and 12 just named, mean double rows of 12, 18, and 12.
Descripton of Wheels over which Pass the Chain Bands and Wire Ropes.-The
lower wheels which draw the cultivator up and down the field consist of four wheels,
one towards each extremity of two shafts; those nearer the engine turn on their
shaft, see 1 D, Plate 2, Sheet 1, over a third moveable wheel; between each of these
wheels near the engine there would pass a link chain band, see A, Plate 21,
Sheet 2, B, Plate 22, Sheet 1, round the other moveable wheel farther away from the
engine. In the middle of these moveable wheels are circular cavities, see D, Plate 1,
Sheet 4, with the cogs slanted. The four lower side wheels are alike, with the ex-
ceptions that the wheels nearer the engine run or turn on their shaft, and the two
farther away from the engine turn their shaft; also the wheels nearer the engine
have indentations in their circumferences for the link iron band, see Plate 11, Sheet 1,
and one of the others have a smooth face for wire ropes or indentations for an iron
chain; also the slants of the cogs in their cavities are on different sides, as the
wheels nearer the engine turn the middle wheel, and the middle wheel farther
away from the engine turns the side wheels. The four side lower wheels are
molded or cut, having a chamber with 12 sides, sce D, Plate 2; on the alternate
· sides there are projecting cogs, sec G, Plato 2, Sheet 4, and Plate 14. On the other
side are indentations, see P, Plate 2, Sheet 4. These grooves extend from the
mouth to the base of this cavity; at the bottom of this cavity are the springs
fastened, see Plate 14, Sheet 2, which springs are something like gun springs. A
piece of iron or steel is cut or molded to fit the 12 sided cavity with a groove
on each alternate side, and a cog projecting for about an inch from bottom of
this chamber, see E, Plate 5, Sheet 2. In the middle of this piece of iron or
chamber there is a cavity cut, see A, Plate 2, Sheet 4, for the wheels to revolve on
the shaft nearer the engine, the other wheels farther away from the engine being
fixed on the cogs as at B, Plate 5, Sheet 2, in order that these latter may turn the

page_text: shaft in their revolutions. There is a spring catch which strikes into a hole on each
of the lower wheels, which are moved on their shafts. This, when wanted, is
pressed back by projections on two bars near each wheel, stretching across near the
moveable wheels. These spring catches are fastened on to the two rams.
•
Upper Wheels, see 2 C, and A 3, Plate 2, Sheet 1, also I, Plate 1, Sheet 2.-The
shafts have one or more feathers fitting into the wheels, see Plate 12, Sheet 2. The
feather or feathers have a greater breadth of about an inch on the shaft nearer
the engine; there are springs between the two sides of the wheel, see I, Plate 1,
Sheet 2, and the one directly behind it, see Plate 2, Sheet 2, and Plate 9, and
through small holes Plate 2, Sheet 2, or see L, Plate 1, Sheet 2, and Plate 15, are 12
rods which are fastened to L, L, Plate 1, Sheet 2; Plate 12, a support which turns
on the shaft. Over A 3, Plate 2, Sheet 2, there is a link iron band which passes
round 2C and A 3, in front.
•
Method of Changing the Direction of the Pull of the Wheels.-The shaft, as
shewn in Sheet 2, Plate 1, is completing its movement from left to right. By the
omission of 6 teeth on the wheels B, B, Plate 6, as they strike the cogs of the shaft
at the 4th cog from their beginning they leave 3 cogs of the shaft to be pushed on
by I, Plate 6, Sheet 2, which striking against the large cog 21, pushes E into its
cavity, and I on to the catch M, and as soon as the wheels, front and back, are
pressed into their cavities the catch G falls and keeps the wheels in their places, the
upper wheels just before the catch falls being released from their cog or cogs on
their circular shafts and the adjustment for the furrow is completed. At the same
time that the shaft is completing its movement from left to right it pushes the shaft
U, Y, and D 1, and the catch F1 falls, and the direction of the motion of the shaft
through the cog wheels A, B, and C, revolving in an opposite direction is changed,
and as soon as the cogs of the wheel B meet the cogs of the shaft it proceeds
towards the left. The wheel O, U, Plate 6, Sheet 2, would be fastened to the
shaft and move with it. T rests against small wheels on each side, see A 1, Plate 1;
V and A 1, supports for the shaft P, S, Plate 6. Two rings for a ten sided cavity
for the shaft Y, Plate 1, to work in B 1. The back of the ram G 1, Sheet 2, is like
the Drawing, in order to allow it to pass under the beam L 3, see Plate 2, Sheet 1.
Plate 19, Sheet 2, stretches between the wheels, having two wheels on each side
pressing against the sides of the lower moveable wheel, see Plate 1, Sheet 2. It is
also supported by three iron shafts running through it, L, O, Plate 2, Sheet 1. On
cach side of it are fastened 5 chains, which are also fastened on the other side, and
passing over the wheels at convenient places pull wheels which press against the
sides of the wheels when moving on the shaft; the chains are pulled by the shaft F,
Plate 19, Sheet 2, or A, Plate 16, Sheet 4, which after passing over the two "H
wheels pull the chains along, as the arrow heads; the other chains do the same for
the wheels, see X, Plate 26, Sheet 1.
"
An alternative method for the support of these wheels which press against the
moveable wheels which are moved along their shafts is an iron manufacture of the
formation of Plates 16 and 17, Sheet 4; Plate 16,-A, iron which stretches between
the lower wheels, the same as F, Plate 19, Sheet 2; B, wheels, see 3rd and 4th plates;
A, B, iron buttoned on, the same as D, Plate 4; C, axis of wheel; C, rings for
chains; D, iron which fastens the iron supports of the wheels together on both
sides, see A, B, C, Plate 17, they fit into grooves cut in some of the beams stretching
across the framework. The wire rope is pulled by the under wheel C, Plate 1,
Sheet 2, and B3, Plate 2, Sheet 1. The rope after passing once or twice round
proceeds to the wheel F, Plate 6, Sheet 1, 2 feet or 4 feet in diameter, or D, C,
Plate 30, Sheet 1; this wheel turns by the shaft the wheel 1 G, Plate 1, Sheet 1,
or G, Plate 6, or A, B, Plate 30, Sheet 1, 4 feet in diameter; the two ends then go
to the stationary pulley carriage G 2, Plate 1, Sheet 3, see Plate 6, the rope going
round all the pulley wheels of the stationary pulley carriage G 2, and traversing
pulley carriage A, A, Plate 1, Sheet 3, see Plate 5, then proceeds to the wheel G,
Plate 2, Sheet 3, and may be here joined. A wheel over or under this wheel,
Bee C, Plate 18, carries another wire rope, one end of which is fastened to the

page_text: ring B, Plate 22, Sheet 3, of the plough which the rope pulls, and the other end
after going round the wheel P, Plate 14, Sheet 3, goes round a wheel on to the
opposite traversing carriage and is joined to the ring on the other side of the
ploughs.
In order to prevent the cogs of the wheels rubbing down by friction as the
projections are leaving the cavities, Plate 1, Sheet 4, and Plate 2, holes are cut
through the moveable wheel Plate 1 of the form of A, B, C; on the extremities of
each cut and 'on the opposite sides of the wheel are let in grooved pieces of metal,
as Plate 12, which turn on their grooves, being kept in their proper positions by
the spring B, Plate 12, Sheet 4. There are 3 pieces of iron or steel at proper
distances, see C, C, Plate 2, Sheet 4, upon the side wheels. As soon as D is pushed
out of the chamber of Plate 2 these press against Plate 12 and turn with them,
preventing as much as possible any unnecessary wearing.
Adjustment Wheels.-A chain N 2, Plate 2, Sheet 1, passes round E, Plate 6,
Sheet 1. The wheel E. Plate 6, makes one complete revolution from the pull of
the chain; certain teeth are left out, see B, Plate 6, and by gearing for ploughing
would turn the large wheel E on 9 inches. A different arrangement would be used
for harrow, mower, grass cutter, and reaper, see the other wheels on Plate- 6
and Plate 1, Sheet 1. The breakage off of cogs at B, Plate 6, prevents too great
a strain on the shaft and wheel when the wheel I, Plate 1, Sheet 2, is leaving it.
But as this may cut the iron of the cogs the axis of the wheel A, Plate 6, has an
arm, see A, Plate 8, Sheet 1, at right angles towards the end of which an iron
circular axis B, Plate 8, and E, Plate 7, works with a circle F, Plate 7, which at
the time required presses against D, Plate 8, or G, Plate 7, which turns with B,
Plate 8. Springs are used, see Plate 8. Two wire ropes would pass right round
the wheel E, Plate 6, Sheet 1, one of their pairs of ends would go to the wheel 1,
would pass right round it, and one end go round the wheel 4 and be fastened to
the traversing carriage 20. The other pair of ends would proceed towards the
right in a direct line through the traversing carriage on rollers, and after stretching
50 to 250 yards or a less distance, proceed over the wheel 5, one rope rests
against 7, and is joined to the traversing carriage 20. A wire rope encircles
the wheel 6 and the end is fastened to the traversing carriage 20, another wire
rope encircles a wheel over and attached to the wheel 6, goes right across. the
field, is crossed, and encircles the wheel 8; another pair of ropes encircle another
wheel joined to the wheel 8, one end is fastened to the traversing carriage 22, the
other rope goes round the wheel 9 and the end is joined to the traversing
carriage 22; the two other ends of the ropes go through the traversing carriage on
rollers on to the wheel 10, and one end is fastened to the traversing carriage 22,
and the other rope goes round the wheel 11 and is fastened to the traversing
carriage 22.
Left hand stationary carriage.-The wheel T 1, Plate 1, Sheet 3, drawing the
traversing carriage 20 towards 21 causes the wheel 1 to turn the small cog wheel B,
which turns the wheel C, towards the top of which is wound a quantity of wire
rope, see Plate 2, Sheet 3, which releases a certain quantity, which allows the small
pulley traversing carriage A, A, to proceed a certain distance, drawing nearer to the
stationary pulley carriage, moving of the distance of the traversing carriage 20,
keeping the pulley ropes tight.
The traversing carriages 20 and 22 are about 17 feet broad, and about 12 or 14
feet long, at the bottom of which are a number of rows of wheels or circular knives,
see R, Plate 14, Sheet 3. On one or two of these rows, should occasion require it,
these circular knives or wheels work a crank, see B, Plate 37, which turns a cog
wheel C, D, E, and F, which turns the circular knife G, which cuts into the ground
in a sloping direction to enable a firmer grip of the ground to be obtained by the
wheels. Towards the top of the carriage there are 5 supports for the wire rope,
which would stretch across the field, the wire rope, or rather thick wire of inch 5
diameter, being fastened to the traversing carriage on the opposite side. The wire

page_text: rope is about 24 feat from the ground. The stationary carriages at the corners of
the field would be strongly made, fastened by anchors, as shewu in Plate 16,
Sheet 3. A person would walk up the ladders, and press the anchors in the
ground; these would be lifted out of the ground by pulleys, see C, A, B, Plate 16,
Sheet 3.
My method of constructing my plough and traversing carriage is as follows:-
Upon the top of the traversing carriage is a kind of shed; for about 3 feet from tho
back it is flat, horizontal; it afterwards declines equally in a slope of 1 in 4, or 1 in
from 4 to 10. It slides about a foot in grooves, which keep it firmly attached to the
top of the platform, sec Plate 14, Sheet 3. At the back the shed is about 6 feet high;
or less, being according to the slope of the top of the shed, and at the front about 3
feet. In the shed, at a convenient distance from the top, are 5 supports, see E, F,
Plate 18; C, D, Plate 14, Sheet 3. The irons, which run at an inclination the same as
the top of the shed, and parallel to the horizontal highest part, run from the front
of the traversing carriage, being bent horizontally, and are joined to the wires which
stretch across the field, see D, Plate 14, A, B, Plate 9, Plate 11, and F, Plate 19:
These irons, which jut out horizontally, are cut in the same manner as Plate 11,
Sheet 3; B, C, Plate 9; in each iron there is a side cut in order to admit the
wheels L, Plate 9, to sink, which they do, and run down the rails A, E, lying flat
against the side, the wheels A, C, Plate 13, running up the incline. The supports
are in the shed about 4 or 5 times the size of x, Plate 15, and are parallel to one
another, being about a foot apart. The contrivance, as Plate 9, is made to run
along the wires. G, H, stationary wheels about 6 inches in diameter; L, E, wheels
with a joint at F, which sink into the horizontal iron stretching from the shed. The
supports of these irons, Plate 30, are fastened to the top of the shed A, Plate 19.
Just behind the shed, see A, Plate 15, are two upright beams of wood about 12 or
13 feet high, with a groove cut, lined on a portion of the inside with iron, making
room for a weight on each, see B, Plate 15, of from 28 lbs. to 1 cwt. A, Plate 14,
pulley wheel; B, see Plate 36, a contrivance for pushing in two pieces of iron to
take off the weight; M, pulley wheel; L, pulley wheels increased to the power
of 10, and fastened to the shed in the grooves. The weight N being down, the shed
is drawn as near to the beams as possible, A, A, Plate 15; I, Plate 15, the supports of
the wheels, Plate 40, fixed to the platform of the traversing carriage; E, groove in
the side of shed for G, Plate 15, see F, Plate 27, L, I, K, Plate 39; B, grooves,
Plate 39, for Plates 33, 28, G, H, and F, Plate 39; G, extremity of the shaft, held
by the grooves on both sides of the shed, with 11 cogs, which strike the cogs of the
wheel E, Plate 40, or C, Plate 39, or I, Plate 14. Ŏ, wheel for plough; P, larger
wheel round which the wire rope surrounds and proceeds across the field to the
other traversing carriage. The other side of the shed, and the shed across the field,
is made in the same manner.
The wheel C, Sheet 2, is turned by the lower wheels in front of the engine, turns
a wheel C, D, Plate 30, Sheet 1, having a wire rope twice round; this turns the
larger wheel 1 G, Plate 1, Sheet 1; the ends pass round the wheels of the stationary
pulley carriage G2, Plate 1, Sheet 3, round the traversing pulley carriage A, A,
round G 2, round A, A, round G 2; round A, A, on to the traversing carriage, see
C; Plate 18. Another wire rope goes round C, Plate 18, round O, Plate 14, and is
fastened to the ring of the plough at B, Plate 22, Sheet 3; the other end goes over
another wheel P, Plate 14, Sheet 3, passes over the plough, see A, Plate 21, round a
wheel on the opposite traversing carriage, and is fastened to the other ring of the
plough at x, Plate 22, Sheet 3.
The ploughs are made on a self-cleansing principle, joined back to back; both shears
face one way; they are about 6 feet from point to point, or more if convenient.
At the top is a piece of strong wood fitted with iron which is sunk into the cavities
of the ploughs, see M, Plate 22, Sheet 3, the ploughs being riveted and buttoned
together are strongly screwed to it. Over this piece of wood is a platform made
of wood and iron, 6 or more feet long by 14 feet broad, and 3 or 4 inches thick,
which is strongly joined to M, Plate 22, Sheet 3. At each extremity of this flat

page_text: piece of wood there are 5 levers, see Plate 20, at the end of which are the rollers,
see Plate 13. Under the centre rollers, at each extremity, there is a shaft, see F,
Plate 21, Sheet 3, A, Plate 28, Plate 24, and E, Plate 39. There are two projecting
catches of iron, see A, A, Plate 34, and B, Plate 28, which go into two cavities, see
L, Plate 28, on the two sides of the wheel D, Plate 28, or B, Plate 33.
The ploughs are raised as follows:-As soon as A arrives near L, Plate 28, B
pushes up Z, and is clasped at L or A, Plate 26, or C, C, Plate 27. The top of the
box, Plate 13, presses against Plate 31, which it raises, pulling down the cord x,
Plate 31, see Plate 26, and turns B, which pulls M, turns C, pulls N, turns D, pulls
up the catch E, see Plate 26, and the ploughs are pulled up. At the same time the
cog H, Plate 39, presses against K, takes up the incline I or G, Plate 14, or F,
Plate 27. The cord L, Plate 39, is pulled up, being round the wheel 2, Plate
14; it pulls H and raises the weight L. The shed of the traversing carriage by
the weight of the wires D moving forward, the pulley ropes L being drawn out,
I, Plate 39, is pushed up the groove until H slips off K. During the time this is
happening the cogs G, Plate 39, at each side of the shed are pulled up the groove B,
Plate 39, with the wheel D, &c.; they strike against the cog wheel C, Plate 39, or
E, Plate 40, turning the wheels C round, two cords being threaded through D.
The turning of the wheel E, releases one cord and winds up another, pulling E,
Plate 36, and pushing C into its groove underneath the weight, see C, C, Plate 15.
The plough is then in the position of Plate 18, Sheet 3. The rollers at the end of
the levers rest upon the supports E, Plate 18 and Plate 30, and the traversing car-
riage is pulled up to the adjustment of another furrow. The ploughs are pulled
back; C, Plate 36, is pulled out by the wheel C turning in an opposite manner the
weights B, B, Plate 15, fall down, and G arrives as in Plate 14, H, Plate 39, bending
down and slipping over K; the catch falls, Plate 32, see F, F, Plate 27; U, Plate 28,
pushes up T, and the plough begins its journey.
In order to support the long wire ropes for the adjustment wheels, as Plate 12,
are used, moving with the wire ropes and fastened to the wire ropes. At certain
distances are balls, as in Plate 17, A being all of one size, 1 A a larger size, increasing
gradually until 1 E. The spring C, Plate 12, presses down A; B prevents the ball
slipping through. Plate 10 points out horizontally from the stationary or traversing
carriages. As soon as the wheel, Plate 12, is pulled on to the horizontal rod, Plate 10,
it opens A, B, Plate 12, and releases the ball, see Plate 14, front view. The wire
rope proceeding in a different direction, the larger button, as 1 A, 1 B, &c., pulls the
wheel off for its journey. As soon as a square of ground was ploughed or other-
wise cultivated, or reapers had run over it, and for the cultivation of fresh ground,
a new position had to be taken by the engine, stationary carriages, and pulley car-
riages. For this purpose there would be a hauling wheel at the side of the engine,
which would be turned by a link chain band from a wheel on the crank shaft; and
supposing, taking A, B, C, and D, Plate 8, Sheet 3, as the ground already worked,
there would be 7 carriages with pulley wheels, such as Plate 15 A and Plate 38,
fixed by their anchors in the positions of 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14, Plate 8, round
the wheels E, B, Plate 15 A, there would be a rope to the stationary carriages and
carriages, such as Plate 7; the carriages, Plate 15 A or Plate 38, would be taken
from their positions with the rope 8 to 15, 9 to 16, 10 to 17, 11 to 18, 12 to 19,
13 to 20, and 14 to 21. The whole of the the stationary carriages at the corners of
the field, &c., with the exception of the traversing carriages 20 and 22, would be
hauled by the wheel beside the engine already named, and positions for fresh
ground would be occupied by the engine, stationary carriages, and pulley
carriages.
Perhaps the best fuel for feeding the furnace, already described, would be a
mixture of bog turf and coal slack made into balls and dried, the screws piercing
between the balls.
In case the parts of the cultivator were required for an ordinary horse-power
engine, without the specified engine the wheels would be turned by the engine, as
shown in Plate 22, Sheet 2, and Plate 18, Sheet 4.

page_text: A, a wheel round which goes a strap from the engine, see A, Plate 22, Sheet 2; C,
cog wheel striking the cogs of E, see O, P, Plate 22, Sheet 2; F, rim of middle
moveable wheel, see I, Plate 22, Sheet 2; G, link chain band of the upper or
adjustment wheels; H, see F, G, Plate 22, Sheet 2; H, link chain band to the
lower side wheel, see D, E, Plate 22, Sheet 2, and all the other wheels' work, as
before described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said In-
vehtion, and how the same may be carried into practical operation, I would have
it understood that what I claim and desire to secure by the herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent is,-
Firstly. The arrangement of fuel-feeding apparatus, as herein-before described
and illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. The arrangement of boiler and furnace, as herein-before described and
illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly. The arrangement of engine and gearing with apparatus complete for
working the carriages and ploughs, as herein-before described and illustrated, by
the accompanying Drawings.
Fourthly. The arrangement of anchor carriages and guide pulleys, as herein-before
described and ascertained by the accompanying Drawings.
Fifthly. The arrangement of traversing carriages and gearing for setting the
furrow and working the plough, as herein-before described and illustrated by the
accompanying Drawings.
Sixthly. The arrangement of double plough and means of raising the plough
from the furrow, as herein-before described and illustrated by the accompanying
Drawings.
And, Seventhly. The arrangement of the ploughing apparatus and machinery
complete, substantially as herein-before described and illustrated by the accom-
panying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur Frederic Martindale, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
ARTHUR FREDERIC MARTINDATT