Improvements in and connected with Rivets, Paper Fasteners, and the like.
Year: 1898

page_text: Improvements in and connected with Rivets, Paper Fasteners, and
the like.
I, ALFRED WILLIAM KNIGHT, of No. 4, Upper Saint Martin's Lane, London,
W.C., Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows: ---
The objects of my invention are to improve the well known slotted and tubular
rivets, the ordinary paper fasteners and soft metal seals, so that they may be
clinched by special plyers or otherwise when used for fastening letters, milk-
can labels, samples in bags or envelopes, envelope direction tallys, bands for screw
stoppered or corked bottles, or any other purpose, so that it may be impossible to
raise their shanks by the use of nippers or other means of leverage, or to cut them
out and insert others without causing sufficient damage to the materials so that the
owner will be able upon examination to detect that the fastened letter or other
property had been tampered with, as the presence of gum would lead to detection
if used to fasten down the paper or other material that was previously held by
the rivet shanks before the clinches had been raised, or the rivetting had been
interfered with.
To prevent fraud in some cases the labels or the fastenings may be provided
with signatures or with trade marks,
When inserting the rivet fastener in an office a copying press or hammer may
be used, the article to be rivetted can be held on the rivet points, and one pressure
or blow only is necessary, but in other cases such as attaching detector-label on
a milk can or the like, a special pair of plyers is provided, with a spring holder to
hold the rivet by its head, or an india rubber ring or spring-clip is fitted on one
of the jaws of the plyers, or when iron or steel rivets are used the jaw of plyers
may be magnetized to answer the samé purpose, that is to enable rivetting to be
accomplished in every position.
In conjunction with rivets for fixing buttons as described in the Specification of
former Letters Patent granted to me No. 4674, 1895, I use a similar pair of
plyers.
In the case of an envelope provided with perforations to enable the owner to
more easily tear off the end to open it, the plyers serve as a guide to prevent the
user putting the rivet beyond the perforations.
For security to bottles I provide a band fastened by a slotted rivet of suitable
metal so that the pressure on the rivet head causes it to be clinched against the
bottle, leaving the head outside and the clinches hidden.
When more strength is required I provide strips of metal preferably of T shape

page_text: so as to clasp the neck and pass over the screw stopper or cork, the three ends
being fitted together so that a rivet may secure them.
In the case of fitting security bands on bottles I provide a special pair of plyers
with jaws to clasp the band round the neck, the said plyers being provided with
a punch to make the hole or holes for the rivet to be inserted in the three ends
of the band; the clinching may then be effected by plyers, hammer or machine.
The metal band can then be folded down by the side of the neck of the bottle.
The bands of bottles secured in this way can bear a trade mark, or the rivet
may be marked by the action of rivetting by machine, plyers or hammer, or the
signature may be affixed over the rivet.
As it is possible for the clinches of the ordinary slotted rivet when clinched on
thin materials, to be lifted by their edges as described, I provide recesses underneath
the rivet head for the material rivetted to be evenly pressed into to prevent the
clinches being raised by nippers, answering the same purpose as the burrs described
in the Specification of former Letters Patent granted to me No. 1151, 1894. This
system of recesses in the rivet head dispenses with the trouble and cost of using
separate burrs and does not seriously diminish the strength of the materials
rivetted.
In the case of a solid rivet the head is recessed all round the shank, and with
the slotted round rivet the shanks expand into a corresponding concavity under-
neath the rivet head, or with a tubular rivet the head is recessed all round the
shank.
In the case of a tubular rivet used for fastening letters and the like it is possible
by drilling through the head and filing the tubular shank with a round file to
remove it without damaging the material, another rivet could then be inserted
without any risk of detection, but by slotting the tubular rivet a centre piece of
paper or other material is left between the prongs which affords the means for
detection in case of fraud.
The action of clinching a slotted tubular rivet forces the shanks flat on to the
material in contact with the underside of the rivet head in the same manner as a
rivet having flat shanks, therefore it is necessary to provide in both cases recesses
in the underside of the heads of a suitable form to prevent the damage to the
material that would necessarily take place if the underside of the heads were flat
as is the case in ordinary rivets.
In the case of paper fasteners I construct them with the shanks standing
apart and bent slightly outwards so as to readily clinch, and recesses in the
underside of the head may be advantageously formed or provided as before
described.
Rivets may be formed out of metal discs by stamping. The shanks being
forced out of the metal.
The shanks may either be formed at the central part of the disc or at the edge,
when formed in the central part they will clinch outwards and recline in suitable
recesses at the edge, but when formed at the edge they will clinch inwards and
recline in recesses in the central part.
In making slotted rivets I preferably stamp the slot and recesses in forming the
head of the rivet so as to dispense with the method of manufacture, viz. sawing
the slot.
The slot may advantageously extend into the rivet head thus diminishing the
damage caused to the material lying between the shanks when clinched and also
allow the shanks to lie flatter at the throat than in rivets slotted by sawing.
If sawn rivets are used and found not cut deep enough, I afterwards stamp the
recesses and deepen the throat in the operation of spreading the shanks ready for
them to open outwardly to drive down into the material reclining between them
and the rivet head.
Dated this 15th day of February 1898

page_text: Improvements in and connected with Rivets, Paper Fasteners, and
the like.
I, ALFRED WILLIAM KNIGHT, of 4, Upper Saint Martin's Lane, London,
W.C., Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
The objects of my invention are to improve the well known slotted and tubular
rivets, the ordinary paper fasteners and soft metal seals so that they may, by
special pliers or otherwise be so clinched when used for fastening letters, milk-
cans, labels, samples in bags, or envelopes, envelope direction tallys, bands for
screw stoppered or corked bottles, or any other purpose, that it may be impossible
to raise their shanks by the use of nippers or other means of leverage, or to cut
them out and insert others without causing sufficient damage to the materials
to enable the owner upon examination to detect that the letter or other property
fastened by such rivet or fastener had been tampered with.
To prevent fraud the labels or fastenings may in some cases be provided with
signatures or with trade marks.
When inserting the rivet or fastener by a press (say a copying press), or a
hammer, the article to be rivetted can be held on the rivet points, and one pressure
or blow only is necessary; but in other cases such as attaching detector-labels
on milk cans or the like, a special pair of pliers is provided either having a
spring holder to hold the rivet by its head, or an india rubber ring, or when iron
or steel rivets are used the jaw of the pliers may be magnetized to answer the
same purpose that is, to enable rivetting to be accomplished in every position.
In conjunction with rivets for fixing buttons as described in Specification of
former Letters Patent granted to me No. 4674, 1895, I use a similar pair of
pliers.
In the case of an envelope provided with perforations to enable the owner
to more easily tear off the end to open it, the pliers serve as a guide to prevent the
user putting the rivet beyond the perforations.
This invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which:
Figs. 1 to 6 show various forms of rivets.
Figs. 7 to 10 represent various forms of pliers.
Fig. 11 shows the neck of a bottle with a band applied thereon.
Fig. 12 the band as applied to the bottle, and Fig. 13 shows the band laid flat.
Figs. 1 and 1 show sectional elevation and plan of one form of rivet in which
the shanks a a are bent up from lugs on the blank the head having a recess b
to allow the shanks to lay flat when clinched.
Figs. 2 and 2 similarly represent a rivet in which the shanks a a are cut and
bent up from the head.
Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation, Fig. 3ª a plan and Fig. 3º an elevation, partly
in section (at a right angle to Fig. 3) of a rivet in which the shanks are formed
from a tubular portion rising from the head, the tubular part being cut to form
the shanks aa the recesses: b6 being suitably shaped for the reception of the
shank Figs. 4 and 4* illustrate how the central portion of the head may be
cut and bent up to form the shanks a a, the recesses 66 being at the outer edge.
5 Figs. 5 and 5 shows a rivet which has the shanks formed from a solid portion
rising from the centre and sawn across or otherwise cut to form the shanks a a
the recesses bb being provided as in the others and suitably shaped.
which has no shanks, it has a solid part e rising from

page_text: its centre and hollowed out at c¹, this when clinched bends over into the recess or
channel b¹.
Figs. 7 and 7 show the construction of a pair of pliers for use with the rivets
above referred to, Fig. 7 being an elevation of the whole (partly in section) and
Fig. 7 plan of one jaw thereof.
A, B are the two jaws; the jaw B carries a punch operating like the punch
shown in Fig. 6 of the Specification of my Letters Patent No. 4674 of 1895.
In order to enable the rivet to be placed and held in proper position for clinching
I provide an india rubber ring on the lower jaw A held in place by a screw or
the like D. The ring C projects above the screw D just far enough to hold the
The screw D also serves as the anvil against which the rivet is
rivet head.
clinched.
Figs. 8 and 8 show in elevation (partly in section) and plan a modification of
this part of my invention. Instead of the india rubber ring a cup E of springy
material is used, slotted at e e e. Its operation is similar to that of the rubber ring.
Fig. 9 is a sectional elevation and Fig. 9 plan of yet another form of jaw for
the pliers. This simply has a shallow recess F and is magnetized. This can be
used with rivets of iron or steel.
In any of these forms the rivet is presented to the upper jaw in proper position
for clinching being adjusted in the ring, cup or recess, which retains it with
sufficient firmness.
Fig. 10 shows a form of hand punch with two punches G G to pierce a band
placed over the neck of a bottle or the like,as seen in Figs. 10 and 12.
In Fig. 10 H is the bottle neck and I the band. The latter is shown in its
flat state in Fig. 13. It is laid over the bottle as shown in Figs. 10 and 12 and
twisted at i so as to bring the three ends together flat against one another at j.
The three ends are then simultaneously pierced and the rivet inserted and
clinched,
In some cases the use of the tool shown in Figs. 10 and 10 is dispensed with.
Namely when the band is not so heavy or strong as to require to be first pierced
a soft rivet is then used and the shanks flatten against the bottle neck on the
application of pressure. When the operation is completed the neck appears as
shown in Fig. 11,
For securing bottles I may provide a band fastened by a slotted rivet of suitable
metal, as shown in Figs. to 6 and 11, so that the pressure on the rivet head
causes it to be clinched against the bottle, leaving the head outside and the
clinches hidden.
When more strength is required I provide strips of metal preferably of T shape
as shown in Figs. 10 to 13 so as to clasp the neck and pass over the screw stopper
or cork, the three ends being fitted together so that a rivet may secure them as
above stated.
In the case of fitting security bands on bottles I provide a special pair of pliers
with jaws to clasp the band round the neck, the said pliers being provided with
a punch to make the hole or holes for the rivet to be inserted as seen in Figs. 10
and 10 the clinching may then be effected by pliers, a hammer or a machine,
the metal band can then be folded down by the side of the neck of the bottle.
The bands on bottles secured in this way can bear a trade mark, or the rivet
may be marked by the action of rivetting by the machine, pliers or hammer,
or the signature may be affixed over the rivet in any convenient manner.
To prevent the clinches of the ordinary slotted rivets, when clinched on thin
materials, to be lifted by their edges I provide recesses underneath the rivet head
for the material rivetted to be evenly pressed in so as to prevent the clinches being
raised by nippers answering the same purpose as the burrs described in the
Specification of former Letters Patent granted to me No. 1151, 1894.
By providing recesses in the rivet head I dispense with the trouble or cost of
using separate burrs and do not seriously diminish the strength of the materials
rivetted. This is illustrated in and described with reference to Figs. 1 to 5*.

page_text: In the case of a solid rivet Figs. 6 and 6 the head is recessed all round the
shank, and with the round rivet the shank expands into a corresponding con-
cavity underneath the rivet head, and with a tubular rivet such as shown in
Figs 3, 3 and 3 the head is recessed round the shank.
In the case of a tubular rivet used for fastening letters and the like it is possible
by drilling through the head and filing the tubular shank with a round file to
remove it without damaging the material another rivet could then be inserted
without any risk of detection, but by slotting the tubular rivet, a centre piece
of paper or other material is left between the prongs which affords the means for
detection in case of fraud.
The action of clinching a slotted tubular rivet forces the shanks flat on to the
material in contact with the underside of the rivet head in the same manner as
a rivet having flat shanks, therefore it is necessary to provide in both cases
recesses in the underside of the heads of a suitable form to prevent the damage to
the material that would necessarily take place if the underside of the heads were
flat as is the case in ordinary rivets.
In the case of paper fasteners I construct them with the shanks standing apart
and bent slightly outwards so as to readily clinch, and recesses in the under side
of the head may be advantageously formed, or provided as before described. In
every case the throat or slot in the rivet extends down level to, or even below the
face of the rivet-head.
Rivets may be formed out of metal discs by stamping the shanks being forced
out of the metal.
The shanks may either be formed at the central part of the disc as seen in Fig. 4
or at the edge, see Figs. 1 and 2, when formed in the central part they will clinch
outwards and recline in suitable recesses at the edge, but when formed at the
edge they will clinch inwards and recline in recesses in the central part.
In making slotted rivets I preferably stamp the slot and recesses in forming the
head of the rivet so as to dispense with sawing the slot.
The slot may as already stated advantageously extend into the rivet head
thus diminishing the damage caused to the material lying between the shanks
when clinched and also allow the shanks to lie flatter at the throat than in
rivets slotted by sawing.
If sawn rivets are used and found not cut deep enough, I may afterwards stamp
the recesses and deepen the throat in the operation of spreading the shanks ready
for them to open outwardly to drive down into the material reclining between
them and the rivet head.
It will be seen from the figures illustrating the rivets that in each case the
shanks incline towards that side at which is the recess to receive them. This
makes the operation of clinching certain. If the process of manufacture is
such as not to slant the shanks to the required degree the shanks should be
slightly turned over before insertion.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
-
1. A rivet or fastener the head whereof is so recessed on the underside that the
shanks or the like when clinched recline in the recessed part or parts.
2. Kivets or fasteners such as illustrated in the drawings having recesses in the
underside of the head for the reception of the shanks, the throat or slot between the
shanks extending down to or below the level of the head and nearly or quite to the
same depth as the recesses.
3. Rivets formed with recesses in the underside of the head, the shanks being
formed by parts of the head cut and bent up either from the edge inwards or
from the central part outwards.
4. A solid rivet such as shown in Figs. 6 and 6* the central part of which when
clinched is forced into a recess surrounding the same.

page_text: 5. For securing rivets such as herein described pliers having an india rubber
ring to hold the rivet until inserted and clinched, constructed and operating as
shown in Fig. 7.
6. For securing rivets such as herein described pliers fitted with a spring-cup as
shown in Figs. 8 and 8 to hold the rivet until inserted and clinched.
7. For securing rivets such as described, pliers having a recess, the recessed
part being magnetized for holding the rivet untii inserted and clinched.
Dated this 15th day of November 1898.
BERNHARD DUKES,
Agent for the Applicant, 226, High Holborn, London, W.C.,