IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING OILS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Greenwood, of Irwell Springs, near Bacup,
in the County of Lancaster, Turkey Red Dyer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING OILS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Greenwood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
June 1855.
I, JOHN GREENWOOD, of Irwell Springs, near Bacup, in the County of Lan-
caster, Turkey Red Dyer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING OILS" to be as follows:-
I purify oils, either mineral, vegetable, animal, or other oils, by the application
of a solution of barytes, (either caustic barytes or sulphuret of barytes, or other
suitable solution of barytes,) the quantity of which must be varied according
to the quality of the oil. The above-named solution, being applied to or mixed
with oils, precipitates or otherwise separates all such impurities or other
properties of the oil which are or may be antagonistic to the purposes of illu-
mination, lubrication, or other purposes for which oils are commonly employed.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of..June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
John Greenwood, Her especial license that I, the said John Greenwood,
my executors, adininistrators, and assigns, or such others as'I, the said John
Greenwood, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PURIFYING OILS," upon the condition, amongst others, that I, the said John
Greenwood, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause--the same to be filed.
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and inime-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Greenwood, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner, the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say);-
My improvements in purifying oils, either mineral, vegetable, animal, or other
oils, consist in the application or use of an aqueous solution of barytés, either
caustic barytes or sulphuret of barytes, or other suitable solution of barytes,
either separately or combined, the quantity of which solution being variable
-according to the impurity of the oils. The above-named solution, being applied
to or mixed with oils, will precipitate or otherwise separate such impurities or
other properties of the oil which are or may be antagonistic to the purposes of
illumination, lubrication, or other purposes for which oils are commonly
employed.
In order that my Invention may be practically understood, the following
examples of the methods of using the said solution of barytes will sufficiently
illustrate the manner in which it is to be performed:-For purifying whale oil,
seal oil, or other fish, oils, or any animal oil, to every gallon of oil I take two
quarts of a mixture of caustic and sulphuret of barytės at five degrees of
Twaddle's hydrometer, and mix the oil and barytes at or below a temperature
of sixty degrees of Fahrenheit's thermometer. If the mixture does not test
alkaline with litmus paper, I mix more barytes until such test be accomplished.
The mixture is then allowed to be in a quiescent state seven or eight days, in a

page_text: temperature of eighty degrees Fahrenheit, when it will be found that the
barytes, with the impure oil (and water), or such parts of the oil as are improper
for the purposes of illumination, lubrication, &c., will precipitate or separate,
and settle to the bottom, leaving the remainder in a perfectly clear and purified
state, which may then be decanted for use. For purifying olive oil or other
vegetable oils, or mineral oils, with every gallon of oil 1 mix three pints of
caustic barytes at five degrees T., (I prefer caustic barytes in this process, as it
will operate upon vegetable oils better than sulphuret of barytes,) at or below
a temperature of sixty degrees Fahrenheit. If the quality of the oil should
require more than three pints of caustic barytes, I add more barytes, as in the
former instance, until the mixture tests alkaline with litmus paper. I then
heat the mixture to a temperature of one hundred and eighty degrees, or one
hundred and ninety degrees Fahrenheit, until the barytes, with the impure oil
or such part of the oil as is not suitable for the purposes of illumination or
lubrication, separates from the purer portions of the oil under operation. A
part of the barytes with the oil will remain on the top, and the remaining
portion of the barytes will precipitate and settle with the water. The upper
portion inust then be taken off, and the water drawn off from below, the.
remainder being kept in a vessel at a temperature of about seventy degrees
Fahrenheit for five or six days, when it will be found that the pure oil will
have become clear, and may be decanted ready for use.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be understood that I claim
the application, employment, or use of a solution of barytes, either caustic
barytes or sulphuret of barytes, or other suitable solution of barytes, either
separately or combined, for the purpose of purifying oils.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Greenwood, have hereunto set iny
hand and seal, this Seventh day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
JOHN GREENWOOD. (L.S.)