IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS OR STEAM GENERATORS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas William Miller, of Her Majesty's Dockyard,
Portsmouth, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS OR STEAM
GENERATORS."
Sealed the 4th December 1860, and dated the 7th June 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas William Miller
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th June 1860.
I, THOMAS WILLIAM MILLER, of Her Majesty's Dockyard, Portsmouth, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS
OR STEAM GENERATORS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of steam generators or boilers for
generating steam, whether for supplying marine or other steam engines, or
for other purposes, and consists of certain novel arrangements or dispositions
of tubes in combination with the shell, body, or sheet spaces of a boiler, by
which steam may be more economically generated and produced in a suitable
condition to be used with advantage, whether as a source of power, or as a
means of transmitting heat to some other body, these results being thereby
attained without the necessity for any extra additional apparatus applied or
fitted externally to the boiler, whether in the front thereof, within the furnace,
or in the uptake, or in any other similar position. By the novel arrangement,
application, and combination of tubes a more rapid circulation of the water.

page_text: can be insured, a more rapid and perfect abstraction of the heat from the fuel
and products of combustion can be attained, and also the free escape or
emission of steam when formed from a number of points at the same time can
be ensured, and thus the disturbing or violent ebullition of the water which
occurs in boilers of ordinary construction is avoided during the formation of
steam; and thus advantage may also be taken of forced circulation in aid of
the economic generation of steam in a suitable condition, free from vesicular
particles of water held in suspension on mechanical combination, and which
are usually carried forward, and discharged from the boiler by the current or
outdraft of steam therefrom.
The first part of my present Invention refers to a novel construction of
boiler, in which the shell forms the water casing; or the body of the boiler
is formed as sheet spaces for the reception of the water, and with a suitable
steam space or steam spaces, forming a steam chest or reservoir in the upper
part of the body or shell of such boiler.
The second part or portion thereof refers to modifications in and additions
to boilers of the general arrangement and character patented by me on the
Third day of May 1859, the number whereof is 1106.
And the third part or portion thereof refers to the novel construction of
boilers, in which the steam chest or chamber is divided into two parts, to be
connected by a series of vertical tubes or sheet spaces, and which may form
a portion of a boiler constructed according to the preceding parts of my present
Invention, or become a portion of a boiler of the ordinary marine or any other
construction at present in use.
For the purpose of constructing boilers as herein-before just referred to as
the first part or portion of my present Invention, I form a shell or the body
of a boiler with external water casing, and internal divisions or sheet spaces
between the furnaces and such like parts, all of such spaces being in com-
munication. At a suitable level I form within the boiler one or more
horizontal division plates for separating the water space from the steam space,
and I introduce above each furnace a series of tubes of suitable size, and so
curved or otherwise bent or shaped as to connect the water space with the
steam chest, the lower or shorter ends of each of such pipes being introduced
into the water space, whilst the higher or longer end is projected through the
division plate, and sufficiently high into the steam chest or chamber forming
that part or portion of the boiler as to discharge the steam which has been
formed in the said pipes freely thereinto.
The tubes to be employed in the construction of these steam generators or
boilers may either be of L shape or bent into shape or syphon form, or they

page_text: may be spirally formed by being coiled round a cylinder, or, for some purposes,
it may be found more convenient to use straight pipes or tubes and give them
a considerable angle or sufficient inclination upwards to effect the same object
as that of the syphon or other form of tube; but in each case, and whatever
form may be given to the tubes, the heat is to be applied externally to the
water to be formed into steam and contained within them; and moreover in
every case the lower end of such tubes is to be inserted into the lower part of
the boiler containing the water, whilst the upper end rises above the highest
water level and projects into the steam chest or receiver for the steam, and
from which steam chest or receiver it had to pass before being used or employed
for the purpose required; and within such steam chest, or between a lower
and upper steam chest, a series of vertical tubes may be inserted, through
which the steam, which has been formed or generated in the manner described,
is made to pass before it is used, or before being discharged from the boiler.
For the purpose of constructing boilers as herein-before referred to as the
second part or portion of my present Invention, these improvements being, as
before stated, improvements in and intended to apply to those constructions
or forms of steam boiler comprised within the Patent for my Invention,
bearing date the Third day of May 1859; and they consist in constructing
and arranging the furnaces as therein described, for the purpose of passing
the product of combustion from one furnace to another in their way to the
chimney, for the purpose of effecting more perfect combustion of the gases;
but for the purpose of giving increased evaporating power as well as increased
strength to such boilers, more particularly those referred to in connection with
and shown in Figures 1, 2, and 6 of Sheet 1 of the Drawings accompanying
my former Patent, I introduce horizontal connecting tubes between the
water spaces and immediately over the furnaces.
Instead also of placing the generating tubes connecting the lower with the
upper portion of the boiler, as part of each furnace arrangement, and as shewn
in the several views contained in the Drawings attached to my former
Specification, at Figures 1 and 5, I place the tubes vertically, and collect
the products of combustion at the end of the series of furnaces (where there is
no subdivision of the length of the rest of the tubes over each furnace); and
I cause the said products to ascend, and before entering the uptake to be
brought into contact with the exterior surfaces of the connecting tubes con-
taining steam which has been generated below them.
For the purpose of exposing the largest amount of heat-abstracting surface,
I prefer to form boilers, having the constructive features last described, into
three parts or portions in their height (or vertically), namely, the lowest

page_text: -portion consisting of the water casing or body of the boiler enclosing the
furnaces; the middle portion connected with the lowest portion by means
of tubes; and the upper portion or steam chest connected with the middle
portion by means of vertical tubes or vertical sheet spaces, around and amongst
which the heated products of combustion are made to pass on their way to
the chimney; and within such tubes, or the leaves forming the vertical sheet
spaces, is contained the steam which has been generated, and wherein it
becomes properly dried and free from vesicular particles with which it was
formerly charged. In such construction of boilers I prefer to carry up the
water space or casing in connection with the lower part of the boiler in front
of the space forming the uptake mouth or the ascent to the chimney, and leave
such space open to the steam chest for the purpose of further abstracting the
last degrees of heat which may be useful before permitting the products of
combustion to escape into the chimney.
Where the connection between one furnace and another of a piece of boiler
is formed by horizontal tubes, the products of combustion of one furnace pass-
ing over another in its way to the chimney, I introduce within the boiler, so as
to form part of the construction thereof, a series of vertical tubes or vertical sheet
spaces, through which the steam after it has been generated may pass from the
middle portion of a steam boiler to the upper portion or steam chest thereof;
and instead of employing horizontal tubes or sheet spaces, through the interior
of which the heated products pass on their way to the chimney, as shewn more
particularly in Figures 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, & 9, in the Drawing accompanying my
former Patent, as according to the present Invention, the heated products are
made to infringe upon the external surfaces of such tubes or sheet spaces, there
being in every such case steam room above the last-mentioned series of tubes or
spaces, and the whole is contained within and forms a part of the steam boiler
or generator.
And for the purpose of constructing boilers as herein-before referred to as
the third part or portion of my present Invention, and for the same purpose of
exposing the largest amount of heat-abstracting surface as described in the
second part of my Invention, I likewise prefer to form boilers so that the
steam generated in the lowest part of the boiler may ascend from the lower
division of the steam chest and pass upwards through a series of vertical
connecting pipes, tubes, or sheet spaces, into the upper division of the steam
chest, around and amongst which vertical pipes the heated products of com-
bustion are made to pass on their way to the chimney, and within such
tubes or sheet spaces the steam which has been generated from the water is
contained, and in its passage becomes properly dried and free from vesicular

page_text: particles with which it was formerly charged; and the whole of this steam
chest so divided is to be contained within and form a part of the steam boiler
or generator.
When the limited height of the space into which the boilers have to be
placed does not permit of sufficient height for the second tier of tubes (con-
taining steam) being introduced in such a manner as to allow of their being
readily examined for the purpose of repair and reinstatement, I form the
boiler in two parts only, and connect the upper part with the lower part, or
the portion containing the furnaces, by means of vertical tubes, and construct
the uptake in the ordinary position.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas William Miller in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 7th December 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
WILLIAM MILLER, of Her Majesty's Dockyard, Portsmouth, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Thomas William Miller, Her special licence that I, the said Thomas William
Miller, my executors, administrators; and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Thomas William Miller, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for " IM-
PROVEMENTS IN BOILERS OR STEAM GENERATORS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Thomas William Miller, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature ol
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas William Miller, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is

page_text: to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement in writing, and accompanying Sheets of Drawings:-
This Invention relates to the construction of steam generators or boilers for
generating steam, whether for supplying marine or other steam engines, or for
other purposes, and consists of certain novel arrangements or dispositions of tubes
in combination with the shell, body, or sheet spaces of a boiler, by which steam
may be more economically generated and produced in a suitable condition to be
used with advantage, whether as a source of power or as a means of transmitting
heat to some other body; these results being thereby attained without the
necessity for any extra or additional apparatus applied or fitted externally to the
boiler, whether in the front thereof, within the furnace, or in the uptake, or in
any other similar position. By the novel arrangement, application, and combi-
nation of tubes, a more rapid circulation of the water can be insured, a more
rapid and perfect abstraction of the heat from the fuel and products of com-
bustion can be obtained, and also the free escape or emission of steam when
formed from a number of points at the same time can be insured, and thus
the disturbing or violent ebullition of the water which occurs in boilers of
ordinary construction is avoided during the formation of steam; and advantage
may also be taken of forced circulation and of the economic generation of
steam in a suitable condition and free from vesicular particles of water held
in suspension or mechanical combination, and which are usually carried
forward and discharged from the boiler by the current or outdraft of steam
therefrom.
The first part of my present Invention refers to a novel construction of
boiler, in which the shell forms the water casing; or the body of the boiler is
formed as sheet spaces for the reception of the water, and with a suitable
steam space or steam spaces forming a steam chest or reservoir in the upper
part of the body or shell of such boiler.
The second part or portion thereof refers to modifications in and additions
to boilers of the general arrangement and character patented by me on the
Third day of May, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, the number
whereof is 1106.
And the third part or portion thereof refers to the novel construction of
boilers in which the steam chest or chamber is divided into two parts, to be
connected by a series of vertical tubes or sheet spaces, and which may form a
portion of a boiler constructed according to the preceding parts of my present
Invention, or become a portion of a boiler of the ordinary marine or any other
construction at present in use.
For the purpose of constructing boilers as herein-before just referred to as

page_text: the first part or portion of my present Invention, I form a shell or the body of
a boiler with external water casing and internal divisions or sheet spaces
between the furnaces and such like parts, all of such spaces being in com-
munication at a suitable level. I form within the boiler one or more hori-
zontal division plates for separating the water space from the steam space, and
I introduce above each furnace a series of tubes of suitable size, and so curved
or otherwise bent or shaped as to connect the water space with the steam
chest, the lower or shorter ends of each of such pipes being introduced into the
water space, whilst the higher or longer end is projected through the division
plate, and sufficiently high into the steam chest or chamber forming that part
or portion of the boiler as to discharge the steam which has been formed in
the said pipes freely thereinto.
The tubes to be employed in the construction of these steam generators or
boilers may be either of L shape or bent into U shape or syphon form; or
they may be spirally formed by being coiled round a cylinder; or, for some
purposes, it may be found more convenient to use straight pipes or tubes and
give them a considerable angle or sufficient inclination upwards to effect the
same object as that of the syphon or other form of tube; but in each case, and
whatever form may be given to the tubes, the heat is to be applied externally
to the water to be formed into steam and contained within them; and more-
over, in every case the lower end of such tubes is to be inserted into the lower
part of the boiler containing the water, whilst the upper end rises above the
highest water level, and projects into the steam chest or receiver for the steam,
and from which steam chest or receiver it has to pass before being used or
employed for the purpose required; and within such steam chest, or between
a lower and upper steam chest, a series of vertical tubes may be inserted,
through which the steam, which may be formed or generated in the manner
described, is made to pass before it is used or before being discharged from
the boiler.
:
For the purpose of constructing boilers as herein-before referred to as the
second part or portion of my present Invention, these improvements being (as
before stated) improvements in and intended to apply to those constructions
or forms of steam boilers comprised within the Patent for my Invention,
bearing date the Third day of May, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
nine, and they consist in constructing and arranging the furnaces as therein
described, for the purpose of passing the products of combustion from one
furnace to another in their way to the chimney, for the purpose of effecting
more perfect combustion of the gases; but for the purpose of giving increased
evaporating power, as well as increased strength to such boilers, more par-

page_text: ticularly those referred to in connection with and shewn in Figures 1, 2 and 6
of Sheet 1 of the Drawings accompanying my former Patent, I introduce
-horizontal connecting tubes between the water spaces and immediately over
the furnaces.
Instead also of placing the generating tubes connecting the lower with the
upper portion of the boiler as part of each furnace arrangement, and as shewn
in the several views contained in the Drawings attached to my former Specifi-
cation at Figures 1 and 5, I place the tubes vertically, and collect the
products of combustion at the end of the series of furnaces (where there is no
subdivision of the length of the rest of the tubes over each furnace), and I cause
the products to ascend, and before entering the uptake to be brought into
contact with the exterior surfaces of the connecting tubes containing steam
which has been generated below them.
For the purpose of exposing the largest amount of heat-abstracting surface
I prefer to form boilers, having the constructive features last described, into
three parts or portions in their height (or vertically), namely, the lowest
portion consisting of the water casing or body of the boiler enclosing the fur-
naces; the middle portion connected with the lowest portion by means of
tubes; and the upper portion or steam chest connected with the middle portion
by means of vertical tubes or vertical sheet spaces, around and amongst which
'the heated products of combustion are made to pass on their way to the
chimney; and within such tubes, or the leaves forming the vertical sheet spaces,
is contained the steam which has been generated, and wherein it becomes
properly dried and free from vesicular particles with which it was formerly
charged.
In such construction of boilers I prefer to carry up the water space or
casing in connection with the lower part of the boiler in front of the space
forming the uptake mouth or the ascent to the chimney, and leave such space
open to the steam chest for the purpose of further abstracting the last degrees
of heat which may be useful, before permitting the products of combustion to
escape into the chimney. Where the connection between one furnace and
another of a piece of boiler is 'formed by horizontal tubes, the products of
combustion of one furnace passing over another on their way to the chimney,
I introduce within the boiler, so as to form part of the construction thereof, a
series of vertical tubes or vertical sheet spaces, through which the steam after
it has been generated may pass from the middle portion of a steam boiler to
the upper portion or steam chest thereof; and instead of employing horizontal
tubes or sheet spaces, through. the interior of which the heated products pass
on.their way to the chimney (as shewn more particularly in Figures 1, 2, 5, 6,

page_text: 8, and 9 in the Drawings accompanying my former Patent), as according to
the present Invention the heated products are made to impinge upon the
external surfaces of such tubes or sheet spaces, there being in every such case
steam room above the last-mentioned series of tubes or spaces; and the whole
is contained within and forms a part of the steam boiler or generator.
And for the purpose of constructing boilers as herein-before referred to as
the third part or portion of my present Invention, and for the same purpose of
exposing the largest amount of heat-abstracting surface as described in the
second part of my Invention, I likewise prefer to form boilers so that the
steam generated in the lowest part of the boiler may ascend from the lower
division of the steam chest and pass upwards through a series of vertical con-
necting pipes, tubes, or sheet spaces into the upper division of the steam chest,
around and amongst which vertical pipes the heated products of combustion
are made to pass on their way to the chimney, and within such tubes or sheet
spaces the steam which has been generated from the water is contained, and
in its passage becomes properly dried or free from vesicular particles with
which it was formerly charged; and the whole of this steam chest so divided
is to be contained within and form a part of the steam boiler or generator.
When the limited height of the space into which the boilers have to be
placed does not permit of sufficient height for the second tier of tubes (con-
taining steam) being introduced in such a manner as to allow of their being
readily examined for the purpose of repairs and reinstatement, I form the
boiler in two parts only, and connect the upper part with the lower part, or
the portion containing the furnaces, by means of vertical tubes, and construct
the uptake in the ordinary position.
In the accompanying Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed, for the purpose
of illustrating my Invention, I have shewn several modifications adopted to
various forms and descriptions of boilers.
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 represent boilers or
generators constructed according to the first part of my present Invention;
Figures 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13 being transverse sections; and Figures 2, 4,
6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 being longitudinal sections. In Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
and 6, a is the water casing or the sheet spaces for the reception. of water;
b, the steam space, chest, or reservoir in the upper part of the body or shell of
the boiler; c, the furnaces; d, the fire-bars; e, the ash-pits; f, in Figures 1
and 2, are L-shaped tubes; in Figures 3 and 4 are U-shaped tubes; and in
Figures 5 and 6 are nearly straight tubes set at angles, all for generating
steam; g, the uptake or entrance to chimney; h, the supposed water level.
In Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14, a is the water casing or sheet

page_text: spaces for the reception of water; b, the steam space, chest, or reservoir in the
upper part of the body or shell of the boiler; c, the horizontal division plate,
for separating the water space from the steam space; d, the furnaces; e, the
fire-bars; f, the ash-pits; g, in Figures 7, 8, 9, and 10, are L-shaped tubes;
in Figures 11 and 12, are double L-shaped tubes; and in Figures 13 and 14,
are or syphon-shaped tubes, all for generating steam; h, the uptake or
entrance to the chimney; i, pipe, or apertures into the steam chests to relieve
the water space from the steam formed therein; k, the supposed water level,
which may be varied at pleasure.
Figures 15 and 16 represent a boiler or generator constructed according to
the second part of my Invention, and refer to modifications in and additions to
boilers of the general arrangement patented by me on the Third day of May,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine; Figure 15 being a transverse
section, and Figure 16 being a longitudinal elevation. In Figures 15 and 16,
a is the water casing or spaces; b, the steam chest; c, the furnaces; d, the
passages for the heated products to pass among the vertical tubes (g); e, the
fire-bars; f, the ash-pits; g, the vertical tubes or sheet spaces around or through
amongst which the heated products of the furnaces pass to the uptake and
chimney; h, the uptake or entrance to the chimney; i, the supposed level of
the water.
Figures 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, and 26 represent boilers or
generators constructed according to the third part of my Invention, in which
the steam chest or chamber is divided into two parts, and connected by a
series of vertical tubes or sheet spaces; Figures 17, 19, 21, 23, and 25 being
transverse sections, and Figures 18, 20, 22, 24 and 26 being longitudinal
sections. In Figures 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, and 26, a is the water
casing or sheet spaces for the reception of water; b, the steam chest in the
lower part of the boiler; c, the upper part of the steam chest or chamber
d, the vertical tubes or sheet spaces to connect the upper and lower parts of
the steam chest or chamber; e, the horizontal division plate for dividing the
steam chest or chamber, and for forming the bottom of the flue of the uptake ;
f, the division plates forming the top and sides of the flue to the uptake; g.
the flue to the uptake, through which the vertical tubes d pass; h, the furnaces;
i, the fire-bars; k, the ash-pits. In Figures 17 and 18, 1 are L-shaped tubes
for generating steam; m, the uptake or entrance to the chimney; n, the
supposed water level. In Figures 21 and 22, 1 are vertical tubes or sheet
spaces containing part of the water in the boiler for generating steam; m, the
passage from the furnaces for the heated products to pass around the vertical
tubes; n, the uptake or entrance to the chimney; o, the supposed water level.

page_text: In Figures 23 and 24, are horizontal tubes passing transversely over the
furnaces, through which the heated products pass for generating steam; m, the
passages from the furnaces to the horizontal tubes; n, the uptake or entrance
to the chimney; o, the supposed water level. In Figures 25 and 26, 1, are
horizontal tubes passing longitudinally over the fires, through which the heated
products pass for generating steam; m, the passage from the furnaces to the
horizontal tubes; n, the uptake or entrance to the chimney; o, the supposed
water level. In Figures 19 and 20, a is the water casing or sheet spaces for the
reception of water; b, the lower part of the steam chest or chamber; c, the upper
part of the steam chest or chamber; d, the vertical tubes or sheet spaces to
connect the upper and lower parts of the steam chest or chamber; e, the
horizontal division plate for separating the steam chest or chamber from the
water space of the boiler; f, the horizontal division plate for dividing the steam
chest or chamber; 9, the division plates forming the top and sides of the flue to
the uptake; h, the flue to the uptake, through which the vertical tubes d pass;
i, the furnaces; k, the fire-bars; 1, the ash-pits; m, the U-shaped tubes for
generating steam; n, the uptake or entrance to the chimney; o, the supposed
water level in the boiler, which may be varied at pleasure.
Figures 27, 28, 29, 30, and 31 show how my Invention may be applied to
what may be termed low and long boilers, and also to boilers to be constructed
for locomotive or other purposes; Figure 27 is a transverse section through
the flues, and Figure 28, a longitudinal section of a low and long boiler, in
which a is the water casing; b, the steam chest or chamber; c, the furnaces
and flue; d, the fire-bars; e, the ash-pits; f, the tubes through the flues for
generating steam; g, the uptake to the chimney; and h, the water level in
the boiler.
Figure 29 is a transverse section through the fire box; Figure 30 is a transverse
section through the body of the boiler; and Figure 31 is a longitudinal section
of a locomotive form of boiler in which a is the water casing; b, the steam
chest or chamber; c, the furnace and flue; d, the fire bars; e, the L-shaped
tubes in the fire box; and f, the straight tubes in the barrel of the boiler, and
the flue for generating steam; g, the uptake to the chimney; h, the water
level in the boiler; and i, a water casing round the uptake to the chimney for
heating the water before entering into the boiler.
Having now described my Invention, and illustrated in the accompanying
four Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed, several forms in which the same
may be applied or adapted in practice, I wish it to be understood that I make
no claim for the use of bent tubes when used as heat flues for the admission or
passage of the products of combustion therethrough, nor for the use of Lor

page_text: other such shaped tubes or bends, when merely employed for the purpose of
connecting or staying two parts of a boiler, when both ends of such pipes or
tubes are below the low-water level, but only when such tubes contain water,
and their superior ends are made to project above the water level, and into the
steam space. I therefore wish it to be understood that what I claim is,―
Firstly, the construction of boilers described as the first part of my Inven-
tion, and as exhibited in Figures 1 to 14 inclusive in the accompanying Sheets
of Drawings.
Secondly, the construction of boilers described as the second part of my
present Invention, and illustrated by Figures 15 and 16.
Thirdly, the construction of boilers described as the third part of my Inven-
tion, and illustrated by Figures 17 to 26 inclusive.
Fourthly, the construction of boilers with two horizontal division plates
between the upper surface of the water and the top of the boiler or casing, as
shewn in Figures 19 and 20.
Fifthly, the construction of boilers in accordance with the first and third
parts of my Invention, for the purpose of adapting them to low and long
kinds or descriptions of boilers, and for the high-pressure locomotive form of
boiler, as shewn respectively in Figures 27 and 28 and in Figures 29, 30,
and 31.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas William Miller have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifth day of December, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty.
Witness,
THOMAS WILLIAM MILLER. (L.S.)