IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING A DRAFT OR CURRENT OF AIR OR OTHER FLUID AND FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES."
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Y. Smith, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United
States of America, now of Leamington, in the County of Warwick, Engineer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING A DRAFT
OR CURRENT OF AIR OR OTHER FLUID AND FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Y. Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th September 1876.
JOHN Y. SMITH, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, now of
Leamington, in the County of Warwick, Engineer. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
PRODUCING A DRAFT OR CURRENT OF AIR OR OTHER FLUID, AND FOR SIMILAR
PURPOSES."
The object of the said Invention is the construction of apparatus for supplying or
exhausting or discharging steam, air, gas, water, or other fluid or other materials
by the draft, blast, or current of steam, or other fluid forced under suitable pressure
through the said apparatus.
My said Invention relates partly to improvements in the chimneys of locomotives
and other engines, and in the chimneys or exhaust or discharge pipes of steam
boilers used in manufactories or otherwise, and in other chimneys or exhaust pipes
where it is necessary or desirable to have a strong draft current or blast.
The said Invention is also partly applicable for the ventilation of mines for
blowing air, for feeding furnaces with pulverized or other fuel, or supplying metal
or metallic ores into furnaces, for drawing dust or other matter from furnaces or
other places, and for all purposes involving or requiring a powerful and easily
controllable draft or current of steam, air, water, gas, or other fluid, or a supply or
discharge of other materials.
The objects of my Invention are attained by the combination with the chimneys
discharge or exhaust flue pipe, blow pipe, feed pipe, shaft furnace, or other apparatus
or structure to which the said Invention is applied, of peculiarly constructed and
arranged passages or apertures for the driving or forcing fluid, that is to say, the
fluid which produces the blast, draught, or current through the same, and for the

page_text: air, gas, water, pulverized fuel, or ore, or other substance which is to be drawn or
forced through the said apparatus.
I have heretofore employed somewhat similar apparatus to that herein described
for supplying fuel and air to furnaces as set forth in the Specification of former
Letters Patent, dated July 5th, 1870, No. 1904.
I have also employed exhausting apparatus of somewhat similar construction in
railway brake apparatus, but my present Invention is not designed for application
to brake purposes.
As an illustration of my said Invention I will describe the same as applied to a
locomotive chimney or smoke stack; for this purpose I place inside the said chimney
or smoke stack a central tube or nozzle in such a manner that there will be an
annular space all around the same between the chimney and the nozzle.
The peculiar and important feature to be observed in the construction of my
Invention is the shape and position of the annular passage between the said nozzle
and the chimney or tube enclosing the same. This annular space at a point the short
distance from the end of the nozzle or inner tube at a point which I call the point of
contraction is made very narrow. The nozzle or inner tube is made taper or
inclined on its outside, so that its extremity is its smallest part, and the inner
surface of the outer tube or chimney is taper or inclined in such a manner that the
said annular passage is inclined or taper backward and forward from the said point
of contraction.
The proportions which I find the best for these parts are as follows, namely the
width of the said annular passage at the point of contraction should be about one
twentieth of the internal diameter of the mouth of the said nozzle, the distance
of the said point of contraction from the end of the said nozzle should be
slightly less than one third of this diameter. The inclination or convergence of the
outer surface of the nozzle is at an angle of 71%, degrees to the longitudinal centre
line or axis of the apparatus. The inner surface of the chimney or outer tube is
also inclined or taper from the said point of contraction, but at a more acute angle,
that is to say, it is more nearly parallel with the said centre line; this inclination
or convergence is continued for a distance equal to about two and one half times
the inner diameter of the said nozzle, from which distance the said chimney or
outer tube extends parallel or nearly so to its mouth or aperture, whose diameter
must never be less than that of the nozzle.
The inner surface of the said chimney or outer tube is continued back from the
said point of contraction at an angle of about 14 degrees to the centre line of the
said apparatus, and extends at this angle to the base of the apparatus, which must
be of sufficient capacity to permit a free entrance of the steam or other driving or
forcing fluid. In this chimney the smoke passage will be the nozzle or inner tube.
The blast pipe or pipes will be connected with the annular space surrounding the
said nozzle.
The steam passing through the said annular space will by the peculiar shape and
arrangement of the same exert a very powerful exhausting action upon the said
nozzle, and will thereby produce a very powerful draft through the furnace. To
permit this draft or blast to be regulated as desired I provide the said nozzle with
means for adjusting the same so that the intensity of the draft may be increased or
diminished as required. For this purpose I prefer to form the lower portion of the
nozzle with a screw thread, and fit the same in or upon a tube secured to the top of
the boiler or smoke box, and I attach to the said nozzle a rod or stem which has at
its lower end a bevil pinion. This pinion is geared with another pinion on a rod
or shaft which extends to the outside of the chimney, and is provided with a handle
or lever whereby it may be readily turned to rise or lower the said nozzle.
I may modify this adjusting mechanism to suit any peculiarity of construction
or arrangement to which my Invention has to be adapted.
By this novel construction of the chimney or smoke stack I provide a more free
escape for the exhaust steam from the locomotive and a powerful and easily

page_text: controllable draft or blast. And I may prevent the waste or loss of fuel arising
from the escape of pieces of coal, coke, or cinders from the chimney by placing in
the said nozzle or inner tube a piece of woven wire or fine grating or other material
which will not obstruct the draft.
The above description, though relating more especially to a locomotive chimney,
will enable the application or adaptation of my Invention to other purposes to be
readily understood.
In applying my Invention to apparatus for any other purposes above specified
or similar purposes I combine with the said apparatus or embody in its structure
the arrangement of the nozzle or inner tube, and the outer tube or casing
formed with inclined surfaces and with the peculiarly shaped annular space or
passage between them, in all cases carefully observing the proportions above set
forth, although these proportions are varied slightly according to the pressure of the
driving fluid and other circumstances.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the Conditions of the Letters Patent, filed by
the said John Y. Smith in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 17th
March 1877.
JOHN Y. SMITH, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, now of
Leamington, in the County of Warwick, Engineer. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
PRODUCING A DRAFT OR CURRENT OF AIR OR OTHER FLUID, AND FOR SIMILAR
PURPOSES."
The object of the said Invention is the construction of apparatus for supplying,
or exhausting, or discharging, or assisting the supply, exhaust, or discharge of steam,
air, gas, water or other fluid, or other materials, by a draught, blast, or current of
steam, water, or other fluid forced under suitable pressure through the said ap-
paratus.
My said Invention relates partly to improvements in the chimneys of locomotives
and other engines, and in the chimneys or exhaust or discharge pipes of steam
boilers used in manufactories or otherwise, and other chimneys or exhaust pipes
where it is necessary or desirable to have a strong draught, current, or blast.
The said Invention is also partly applicable for the ventilation of mines, for
blowing air, for feeding furnaces with pulverized or other fuel, or supplying metal
or metallic ores into furnaces, for drawing dust or other matter from furnaces or
other places, for preventing the escape of noxious gases or vapours into the atmo-
sphere from apparatus or vessels in which they are generated, and for all purposes
involving or requiring a powerful and easily controllable draught or current of
steam, air, water, gas, or other fluid, or a supply or discharge of other materials.
The objects of my Invention are attained by the combination with the chimney,
discharge or exhaust pipe, flue, blow pipe, feed pipe, shaft, furnace, or other
apparatus or structure to which the said Invention is applied, of peculiarly con-
structed and arranged passages or apertures, forming an annular orifice for the
driving or forcing fluid, that is to say, the fluid which produces the blast draught or
current through the apparatus, and an inner or central orifice for the air, gas, water,
pulverized fuel or ore, or other substances to be drawn or forced through the said
apparatus.
I have heretofore employed somewhat similar apparatus to that herein described
for supplying fuel and air to furnaces, as set forth in the Specification of former
Letters Patent, dated July 5, 1870, No. 1904.
I have also employed exhausting apparatus of somewhat similar construction in
railway brakes, but my present Invention comprises various improvements not
described in the said former Specification, and is not designed for application to
brake purposes.
The peculiar form, arrangement, and relative proportions of the passages or aper-

page_text: tures by which I obtain the desired result are the same or nearly the same in all
the applications or modifications of this Invention. I have therefore shown in
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing a longitudinal section of these peculiar pas-
Bages or apertures for producing the draught or current through the said apparatus;
a is an inner tube or nozzle, b is an outer tube, b' is an annular space between these
two tubes.
This apparatus may be arranged either vertically, horizontally, or in an inclined
position; the inner tube a is connected with the chamber or space from which the
fluid or other substance is to be exhausted or ejected, and the annular passage blis
connected with a vessel containing steam, air, or other fluid under pressure, or with
a pump or head of water capable of producing a current or blast of the required
intensity through the said annular space; this annular space at a point 1, a short
distance from the end a¹ of the nozzle or inner tube a, and which I call the point
cf contraction is made very narrow. The nozzle or inner tube a is made taper or
inclined outside so that its exhaust end is its smallest portion, and the inner surface
of the outer tube or chimney is taper, or inclined, as shewn at 63, in such a
manner that the said annular passage b¹ is inclined or taper backward and forward
from the said point of contraction at 1. The proportions which I find the best
for these parts are as shewn in Figure 1, and may be stated as follows, namely, the
width of the said annular passage b₁ at the point of contraction 1 should be about
from one twenty-fifth to one-twentieth of the internal diameter of the mouth a¹ of
the nozzle a; the distance of the said point of contraction 1 from the end or mouth
a of the said nozzle should be slightly less than one-third of this diameter. The
inclination or convergence of the outer surface of the nozzle is at an angle of
about 7 to the longitudinal centre line or axis 2 of the apparatus. The inner
surface of the outer tube bis also inclined or taper from the said point of con-
traction, but at a more acute angle, that is to say, it is more nearly parallel with the
said centre line. This inclination or convergence is continued upward a distance
equal to about two and one-half times the inner diameter of the said nozzle a, from
which distance the said chimney or outer tube is parallel or nearly so to its mouth
or aperture, whose diameter should be about the same or rather less than that of
the nozzle at.
The inner surface of the said outer tube is continued back from the said point of
contraction at an angle of about 14° to the centre line 2 of the said apparatus, and
extends at this angle to the base of the apparatus which must be of sufficient capacity
to permit a free entrance of the steam or other driving or forcing fluid.
As a further illustration of my said Invention I will describe the same as applied
to a locomotive chimney.
This application of my Invention is illustrated in Figures 2, 3, and 4 of the
accompanying Drawing. Figure 2 is a vertical section of the said apparatus, and
a portion of a locomotive smoke box and chimney. Figure 3 is a vertical trans-
verse section, drawn to a reduced scale through the said smoke box and parts con-
nected therewith. Figure 4 is a side elevation of the said locomotive.
A is the smoke box; B, B, are the cylinders; C is the blast pipe.
In this application of my Invention the chimney or smoke stack forms the outer
tube 6 of the aforesaid apparatus shewn in Figure 1, and I place within the same,
the central tube or nozzle a in such a manner that the above described annular
space will exist at 61 between the chimney b and the nozzle a.
In this chimney the smoke passage will be through the nozzle or inner tube a;
the blast pipe or pipes C, C, are connected with the annular space b¹ surrounding
the nozzle a; the steam passing through the said annular space will, by the peculiar
shape and arrangement of the same, surround the orifice of this nozzle, and the
smoke issuing therefrom, and will have a very energetic exhausting action thereon,
and will produce a very powerful draught through the furnace.
I am aware that it has been already proposed to employ an annular chamber and
orifice within a locomotive chimney for assisting the exhaust and diminishing the

page_text: noise of the blast, but the above described peculiar form, arrangement, and pro-
portion of the passages or apertures above described, and which are essential to the
proper action of the chimney, have not heretofore been employed.
Furthermore, to permit this draught or blast to be regulated as desired I provide
the said nozzle with means for adjusting the same, so that the intensity of the
draught may be increased or diminished as required. For this purpose I prefer to
employ the means shewn in Figure 2, that is to say, I make the nozzle a in two
parts a, a³, the outer part as being fitted to slide and turn upon the inner part a².
The base 3 of the said outer part a³ is connected to the base of the apparatus by
toggle arms & in such a manner that when the outer part a³ is turned on the inuer
part a the said arms, according as they are brought into a vertical or inclined
position, move the outer part a³ of the nozzle up or down upon the inner part
thereof.
To effect the turning of the part as on the part a² I provide the apparatus with
a rod or spindle e, which has an arm et at its inner end arranged to act on studs f
on the outer part as of the nozzle; and the said spindle may have at its outer end
a wheel or handle, whereby it may be conveniently manipulated, but I prefer to
use cranks and rods extending to the driver's stand, as shewn in Figure 4.
In combination with the devices for adjusting the said nozzle, or as a substitute
for the same, I sometimes employ a relief pipe C¹ and cock C, as shown in
Figure 3. This contrivance enables me to regulate the discharge of the steam
through the said nozzle by allowing more or less steam to escape through the said
relief pipe instead of through the nozzle.
Instead of the said toggle arms I may employ screws or excentrics, or other
suitable devices for adjusting the said nozzle.
By this novel construction of the chimney or smoke stack I provide a more free
escape for the exhaust steam from the locomotive and a powerful and easily con-
trollable draught or blast. And I may prevent the waste or loss of fuel arising
from the escape of pieces of coal, coke, or cinders, from the chimney by placing
in the said nozzle or inner tube a piece of woven wire or fine grating, which will
not obstruct the draught, and with plates or cones, and so arranged that the sparks
will strike the plates or cones and not cut the netting.
The above described method or manner of applying my Invention to a locomotive
chimney may be adapted in its application to other chimneys, and the foregoing
description will enable the application or adaptation of the said Invention to other
purposes to be readily understood.
In applying my said Invention to apparatus for any of the purposes above
specified I combine with the said apparatus or embody in its structure the arrange-
ment of the nozzle or inner tube and the outer tube or casing formed with inclined
surfaces, and with the peculiarly shaped annular space or passage between them,
in all cases carefully observing the proportions above set forth, but these propor-
tions are varied slightly according to the nature of the driving fluid or the pressure
which can be obtained, or to other circumstances of each particular case.
In the accompanying Drawing I have illustrated some of the aforesaid appli-
cations of my Invention and will now proceed to describe the same.
Figure 5 is a longitudinal vertical section of a furnace for melting gold, silver,
and other metals. This furnace has my Invention applied to it for the purpose of
preventing the loss of any of the metals by their passing away in the form of
vapour. It is well known that in the operations of melting and refining precious
metals a large proportion of the metal is lost in this manner, and to collect and
save the same it has been customary to construct long shafts or tunnels extending
from the furnace, in which shafts or tunnels the metallic vapour has been condensed
and collected. But by my Invention I obviate the necessity for the above and
other costly and inconvenient expedients and render the furnace capable of retaining
and collecting within it all the metallic vapour generated by the process of melting
the same.
The said furnace has a fire-place g, closed by a tight cover g¹. In the furnace g

page_text: is the crucible or pot for containing the metal, and which is placed on the grate
bars g; leading from this fire-place is a tube or passage h in which I place my
improved ejecting or draught producing apparatus, constructed as above described,
but with the nozzle a for convenience inverted or turned downward. At one side
of the outer tube of this injector, and opening into the annular space surrounding
its inner and outer tubes, I arrange a water supply pipe ¹, whose upper end is
connected with a water main or force pump. Below this ejector I arrange a tank
or receptacle i, into which the fluids passing through the said ejector are dis-
charged; is the chimney; and g³ is an ash-pit. While the furnace is being heated,
and before the metal is thoroughly melted, the ejector is allowed to remain in-
operative, and the draught, heat, or smoke, is allowed to pass away through the
chimney in the usual manner. But as soon as the vaporization is about to com-
mence, the water is turned on, and rushing through the supply pipe h¹ and annular
space of the ejector creates a strong draught or current through the nozzle a; the
tank i receives the water, and the matter drawn from the fire-place through the
ejector is discharged into the said tank and accumulates therein instead of passing
away by the chimney. After working a certain time the furnace is stopped and
the contents of the said tank are discharged into any suitable receptacle, and the
metallic portions are recovered therefrom in any convenient manner.
Another very useful application of my Invention is in connection with gas works
for taking the gas from the retorts and washing it at the same time. For this
purpose I arrange my ejecting apparatus in any convenient position in the works,
and connect with it a water feed pipe, as above described. By the passage of the
water through the said apparatus the gas is drawn from the retort and discharged
into a tank or cistern. The water in the latter retains the impurities sought to be
removed by washing the gas, and permits the gas to pass therefrom directly or
indirectly to the gas holder. By this application of an ejector according to my
Invention the ordinary complicated and inconvenient arrangement for washing the
gas may be dispensed with.
A somewhat similar application of my Invention is illustrated in Figure 6, which
is a transverse section of a boiler or vessel for boiling down offal or refuse, decaying
animal or vegetable matters, arranged in connection with a sewer. k is the said
boiler, is the sewer, is a pipe extending from the top of the boiler k to the
sewer 1, and with an ejector fitted therein, according to my Invention. A pipe
introduced into the side of the outer tube or portion of the ejector for admitting to
the annular space b¹ a current of steam or other fluid.
is
The fumes or vapour from the offal or other matter in the said boiler will have
no means of escape therefrom except through the pipe k¹, and they will be drawn
by the force of the said blast or current through the nozzle a, and discharged
thereby into the sewer or other convenient place. I thus provide very simple
means of rendering the processes of bone boiling, soap boiling, and other operations
involving the production of noxious smells and vapours entirely inoffensive without
impairing the rapidity of these processes or operations, or increasing their cost.
In Figure 7 I have shewn a longitudinal vertical section of a furnace for
nietallurgical or chemical operations, for instance, for puddling iron or for the
manufacture or treatment of alkalis or the like. This Figure illustrates the appli-
cation of my Invention to these and similar furnaces for preventing the escape
of the impure and noxious gases therefrom into the atmosphere, and at the same
time utilizing the waste heat from such furnace. m is the body or bed of the
furnace whereon the metal or other material is placed. m¹ is the fire-place, n is an
auxiliary fire-place connected with the part m by a tube n', which is fitted with
my exhausting or ejecting apparatus. The said apparatus has a tube n² attached
to its side for feeding steam or other forcing fluid into its annular space 6. The
gases generated in the body of the furnace m are drawn by the current or blast of
steam or other fluid through the nozzle a into the fire-place or chamber n, which is
partially filled with coke in an incandescent state. The impure gases are neutralized
or deprived of their noxious properties by this coke as they pass through and over

page_text: the same, and the heated air in a comparatively pure condition passes through the
outlet n³, whence it may be conducted away and utilized for heating other
apparatus. The fire-place n may have a fire on its grate n' if the heat from the
part m is not sufficient to keep the coke in an incandescent state. This fire may
be assisted by a fan or ejector at n³, and I have shewn the application of an ejector
at m² for blowing air into the fire-place m¹. In certain stages of the operation I
close the valve n in the pipe n¹ and draw the gases through a water ejector n³
arranged in connection with the tank n8, thereby condensing the gases.
In Figure 8, which is a longitudinal section of a furnace somewhat similar to
that shown in Figure 7, I have shewn another very useful application of my
Invention. In this case the furnace o may be used for metallurgical, chemical, or
other purposes. The fire-place is shewn at o¹, and I prefer to employ an apparatus
constructed substantially like the ejector or exhauster above described for supplying
the said fire-place with coal in a pulverized condition. But the important feature
of this application of my Invention is the combination of this furnace with an
ejector or exhauster embodied in or built in or otherwise applied to a chimney or
shaft p for producing a current or draught in the said shaft for the ventilation of
buildings, mines, or other places, or for causing or improving the draught of
another furnace or series of furnaces connected with the said shaft or chimney. It
will be seen that the tube or passage o³ communicates with the annular space 61
surrounding the nozzle a, and that the air, gas, or other fluid to be drawn through
the said apparatus is admitted to the said nozzle by a pipe o%
Figure 9 is a vertical section showing a furnace or chamber for carburizing steel
or for similar purposes, arranged in combination with a vacuum chamber and
ejecting or exhausting apparatus. q is the furnace, is the vacuum chamber, q¹ is
a pipe or passage connecting the said furnace and chamber, q2 is a pot or crucible in
this furnace, q³ is a valve for closing the communication between the furnace and
vacuum chamber, q* is a damper for closing the chimney of the furnace. By this
arrangement I am enabled to remove the oxygon from the furnace q so that tho
carburization of the metal is greatly accelerated, and also to draw out the car-
buretted ores, or I can separate the light from the heavy portions of various
substances and remove dust or light particles soparated from materials treated in
this chamber q.
In using this apparatus I first produce a vacuum in the chamber by exhausting
it by means of the exhauster, which is supplied with steam, water, or other forcing
fluid by the pipe 1 as above described; I then open the valve q³, the air or oxygen
or the dust or other matter to be drawn from the chamber q then rushes into tho
chamber, the solid portions falling to the bottom of the same. I then close the
valve 3 again and remove these solid portions at the outlet 2. I then close this
outlet and the valvo q³, and again exhaust the chamber 7, and so on during the
working of the said apparatus. By means of the damper in the chimney I can
open and close the latter to regulate the draught during the preliminary heating of
the contents of the chamber q.
I may adapt my said Invention for use on board ships for ventilating them or for
removing their bilge water, or for similar purposes. This application of the said
Invention is illustrated in Figure 10, which is a vertical section of my apparatus
arranged in connection with a marine or other steam engine; 8 is one of the
cylinders of the said engine; 8' is the exhaust pipe with the aforesaid ejector or
exhauster fitted to the same. The exhaust steam passes into the annular space b¹,
surrounding the nozzle a, and the said nozzle has connected with it the ventilating
pipe or the bilge water or other pipe, through which the air, water, or other fluid
is to be drawn by the said ejector; & is a water tank which catches and returns all
the impurities from the air, or into which the water is deposited as it is delivered
through the said exhauster.
Figure 11 illustrates the application of my Invention to the ventilation of mines,
tunnels, and the like. The ojector or exhauster is placed at u, and is connected by
the pipe u with a head of water or force pump or steam boiler pipe, so that a

page_text: current of water or steam is forced or driven through the annular space surrounding
the nozzle, and draws the air through the said nozzle as above described.
In combination with this apparatus I employ a novel kind of engine v, which is
operated by the draught or current produced by the said ejector. This engine has
two or more collapsible cylinders, that is to say, cylinders formed of leather or other
flexible material with heads or ends of metal. One end of each of these cylinders
is secured to a suitable frame or other fixed part, while the other is connected with
a crank. The said cylinders are provided with suitable valves for admitting and
exhausting the air. The exhaust pipe v extends from these cylinders to the nozzle
of the ejector, so that the air discharged by the latter passes through the said
cylinders, and the said cylinders are thereby alternately expanded and contracted,
and communicate rotary motion to the crank shaft v³, which motion may be utilized
in any desired manner.
The above Drawing is given as an illustration or example only of various
applications of an ejector or exhauster, constructed and operating according to my
Invention.
In all of these applications it must be understood that the said ejector or
exhauster is constructed substantially as shewn in Figure 1, that is to say, it has
an outer tube and an inner tube or nozzle, with an annular space between the said
outer tube and nozzle, and these parts and the said annular space in all cases have
the peculiar angles, proportions, and relative positions, described with reference to
Figure 1. And if necessary or desirable in any of these applications the said
ejector nozzle may be made adjustable for the purpose specified.
the
Having thus fully described my said Invention, and the manner of performing
same, I wish it understood that I claim,-
First. A locomotive or other engine chimney, consisting of or provided with an
ejecting or exhausting apparatus, with its passages or apertures formed as above
described for the purposes specified.
Second. The application or adaptation of the said ejecting or exhausting apparatus
in a chimney shaft, flue, or other passage, either by fitting or fixing such apparatus
therein, or by making the same apparatus a part of the permanent structure thereof
for the purpose of producing or assisting the draught in the said chimney shaft,
flue, or passage, as above set forth and for the purposes specified.
Third. The application or employment of a current or stream of water by means
of the aforesaid peculiarly formed ejecting or exhausting or draught apparatus as
above set forth and for the purposes specified.
Fourth. The devices or arrangements for effecting the adjustment of the nozzle
of the said ejecting or exhausting apparatus, and for regulating the quantity of
steam or other fluid passing through the annular passage or orifice of the same, as
above set forth.
Fifth. The adaptation of my Invention for the ventilation of mines and other
places, and for obtaining motive power therein as above set forth.
In witness hereof, I, the said John Y. Smith, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Seventeenth day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven.