Improvements in Apparatus for Grinding, Crushing, Pulverizing, or Disintegrating Substances.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 13th July, 1896
Complete Specification Left, 13th May, 1897-Accepted, 3rd July, 1897
PROVISIONAL DI PUIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Grinding, Crushing, Pulverizing,
or Disintegrating Substances.
I, JOHN UNWIN ASKHAM, of Yorkshire Steel and Engineering Works, Sheffield, in
the County of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention to be
as follows:-
My Invention relates to apparatus for grinding, crushing, pulverizing, or disin-
tegrating substances in which rollers are caused to revolve and rotate in the interior
of a ring or casing into which the material to be reduced is fed and it has for its
object to make such apparatus more compact, durable, and the working parts more
readily accessible for cleaning repairs or renewal than heretofore.
According to this Invention the driving shaft which carries the operating arms is
made in parts coupled together so as to be capable of being readily detached when
required. One portion of this shaft carries the driving pulleys and is mounted in
bearings independently of the other portion of the shaft which other portion carries
the crushing rollers the stirring arms and a fly wheel and is mounted in a single
bearing in a pedestal situated between the fly wheel and the stirring arms. The
parts carried on this portion of the driving shaft are arranged so that the weight of
the pedestal bearing on which it is mounted together with the fly wheel will about
balance the weight of the arms and rollers carried on the other end of this portion of
the shaft so that by detaching the pedestal of the bearing from the bed plate and
suspending or slinging this part of the shaft at a point hetween the bearing in which
it is mounted and the stirring arms this portion of the shaft and the parts carried
thereby, can be readily removed from, and replaced in position in the casing of the
apparatus. The fly wheel is mounted on the shaft in such a manner that should the
driving arms or other parts of the apparatus meet with an obstruction sufficient to
stop the rotation of the shaft the sudden stoppage of the shaft causes the fly wheel
by its velocity to become disengaged from the said shaft and slide onto a plain part
whereon it is free to rotate to expend its momentum and so prevent damage to the
apparatus.
The casing may be provided at each end with a feeding device so that the appara-
tus may be supplied with material at either end and the shaft may be fitted with
propellor stirrer arms provided with renewable steel wearing surfaces, and arranged so
as to admit of the shaft being rotated in either direction to equalize the wear or to
suit the direction of feed. Each feeding device is carried on a column arranged clear
of the driving shaft and is provided with a discharge pipe through which the material
is conducted to the interior of the casing through an opening in the end cover. The
interior of each end cover is cylindrical and coincides with the diameter of the ring or
acting part of the casing which ring is strengthened by a cradle or ring block made
to surround the lower circumference of the ring and having a base bolted onto the
Each driving arm is pro-
bed of the apparatus so as to reduce or prevent vibrations.
vided with four key ways in two of which key ways in one of the arms are inserted
two short keys which enter key ways in the driving shaft and in two of the key ways
in the other driving arm are inserted two long keys which extend from the said
driving arm through key ways in the boss of the stirrer arms situated between the
driving arms and into key ways in the other driving arm. By this arrangement one

page_text: of the driving arms can be released without disturbing the other driving arm or one
driving arm and the stirrer arms can be released without disturbing the other driving
arm. The portions of the key ways unoccupied by the short keys may be filled with
dummy keys of wood or other material to prevent them being filled with crushed
material. The ends of the casing are removable from the main body and secured to
each end cover is a sieve or riddle so that when the end cover is removed the sieve
will be removed with it thereby facilitating examination of the interior of the appara-
tus. The bosses of the stirrers may be made in parts to facilitate their attachment
to, and removal from the driving shaft. The whole of the operating parts may be
provided with renewable wearing surfaces as described in the Specification of Letters
Patent dated 23rd July 1895 No. 14060.
Dated this 13th day of July 1896
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agents.
Improvements in Apparatus for Grinding, Crushing, Pulverizing,
or Disintegrating Substances.
I, JOHN UNWIN ASKHAM; of Yorkshire Steel and Engineering Works, Sheffield, in
the County of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My Invention relates to apparatus for grinding, crushing, pulverizing or disinte-
grating substances in which rollers are caused to revolve and rotate in the interior of
a ring or casing into which the material to be reduced is fed, and it has for its object to
make such apparatus more compact, durable and the working parts more readily
accessible for cleaning, repairs or renewal, than heretofore.
According to this Invention the driving shaft which carries the operating arms is
made in parts coupled together so as to be capable of being readily detached when
required. One portion of this shaft carries the driving pulleys, and is mounted in
bearings independently of the other portion of the shaft, which other portion carries
the crushing rollers, the propelling and stirring arms, and a fly wheel, and is mounted
in a single bearing in a pedestal situated between the said fly wheel and the stirring
The parts carried on this portion of the driving shaft are arranged so that the
weight of the pedestal bearing, on which it is mounted together with the fly wheel,
will about balance the weight of the arms and rollers carried on the other end of this
portion of the shaft, so that by detaching the pedestal bearing from the bed plate,
and suspending or slinging this part of the shaft at a point between the said bearing
and the stirring arms, this portion of the shaft and the parts carried thereby can be
readily removed from, and replaced in position in the casing of the apparatus. The
fly wheel is mounted on the shaft in such a manner, that should the driving arms or
other parts of the apparatus meet with an obstruction sufficient to stop the rotation
of the shaft, the sudden stoppage of the shaft causes the fly wheel, by its velocity, to
become disengaged from the said shaft and slide onto a plain part, whereon it is
free to rotate to expend its momentum, and so prevent damage to the apparatus.
The casing may be provided at each end with a feeding device so that the apparatus
may be supplied with material at either end and the shaft may be fitted with rever-
sible propeller and stirrer arms provided with renewable steel wearing surfaces, and
arranged so as to admit of the shaft being rotated in either direction to equalize the
wear or to suit the direction of feed. Each feeding device may be carried on a column
'arranged clear of the driving shaft and providel with a discharge pipe through which

page_text: the material is conducted to the interior of the casing through an opening in or near
the end cover; into the space in which the propeller arms rotate, or the feeding devices
may be carried by the covers themselves. The interior of each end cover is cylindri-.
cal and coincides with the diameter of the ring or acting part of the casing in the
interior of which ring the material is crushed. This ring is strengthened by a cradle.
or ring-block made to surround the lower circumference of the ring and having a base
bolted onto the bed of the apparatus so as to reduce or prevent vibrations. Each
driving arm is provided with four key-ways in two of which key-ways, in one of the
arms, are inserted two short keys, and in two of the key-ways in the other driving
arm are inserted two long keys which extend from the said driving arm through.key-
ways in the boss of the stirrer arms situated between the driving arms, and into key-,
ways in the other driving arm. By this arrangement one of the driving arms can be
released without disturbing the other driving arm, or one driving arm and the stirrer
arms can be released without disturbing the other driving arm. The portions of the
key-ways unoccupied by the short keys, may be filled with dummy keys of wood or
other material to prevent them being filled with crushed material. The ends of the
casing are removable from the main body, and when a duplex feeding device is pro-
vided there is secured to each end cover, or to one of the end covers when a single
feeding device is provided, a sieve or riddle so arranged that when the said end cover
is removed, the sieve will be removed with it, thereby facilitating examination of the
interior of the apparatus. The bosses of the stirrers may be made in parts to facilitate.
their attachment to, and removal from, the driving shaft. The whole of the operating
parts may be provided with renewable wearing surfaces as described in the Specifica-.
tion of Letters Patent dated 23rd July, 1895, No. 14060.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents in longitudinal vertical section
a single acting machine constructed according to my Invention with a feeding device
at each end so that the material can be passed through the machine from either end.
Figure 2 is an elevation of the same machine shewing the operating parts withdrawn
from the casing for inspection cleaning or repairs. Figure 3 is a side elevation of a
single acting machine provided. with a feeding device at one end only, the said feeding
device being connected to the end cover. Figure 4 is a longitudinal vertical section
of a double acting machine constructed according to my Invention the operating parts
being shewn in their working position and Figures 5 and 6 are detail views shewing an
improved arrangement for keying to the driving shaft the stirrer arms and the driving
arms which carry the crushing rollers.. The driving shaft consists of two parts A A²
capable of being readily connected together and separated, by means of a coupling
device B consisting of two discs a a² carried on the contiguous ends of the two parts
of the shaft one of the discs having a groove therein into which enters a rib on the
other disc and the two dises being connected together by bolts and nuts b. The part
A Figures 1 and 2, carries driving and loose pulleys C and a fly wheel D and is
mounted in pedestal bearings E bolted to the base of the machine, the other part
A of the said shaft when in working position being connected at one end by the-
coupling B to the part. A and supported at its outer end in a pedestal bearing E. This
part A of the shaft also carries a fly wheel D. The movable operating parts of the
apparatus comprise propeller arms FF which feed the material into position to be
operated on by the crushing rollers and from the crushing rollers towards the delivery
passage; agitators G for keeping the material in motion, and driving arma H which
carry the crushing rollers I. The axles i of the crushing rollers are free to turn and-
also to slide radially in slots in the driving arms H. The material to be crushed is
fed into the cylinder L from one or other of two feeding hoppers K K each provided:
with a feeding device operated by a strap and pulleys & from the shaft A As of the.
crushing apparatus, from either of which hoppers the material may be fed according
to the direction in which the shaft A A2 is rotating or according to the angle at which
the propeller arms F F are arranged. The material passing from say the hopper K
is conducted by a pipe or passage M² into a space L in which the propeller arms F2
rotate the angle of which arms with reference to the axial line of the apparatus being
such as to force the material into the path of the crushing rollers. I. Fast on the part.

page_text: A of the shaft between the arms H which carry the crushing rollers I are the agita-
tors G. which stir the material so as to cause it to be efficiently subjected to the
action of the said crushing rollers.
The material after being crushed by the rollers I is forced by the propeller arms F
against a riddle or sieve P carried by the removable end cover Q of the apparatus.
The material which is ground sufficiently fine to pass through the sieve P passes from
the interior of the apparatus by a passage R into a suitable receptacle.
The surface on which the material is crushed by the rollers I consists of a ring of
steel I² supported and strengthened at its lower part by a cradle or ring block N
bolted to the bed plate O of the apparatus the said ring being held in position by a
clamping block N2 and screws N³.
In the drawings the angles of the acting faces of the propeller arms FF2 are shewn
as arranged to operate on the material fed from the hopper K². To operate on material
fed from the hopper K either the angle of the propeller arms must be reversed or the
shaft A must be rotated in the reverse direction to that indicated by the arrows on the
fly wheels D D. The fly wheels D D2 are mounted loosely on the shaft A A2 (but
with sufficient friction to prevent them from sliding along the shaft under ordinary
conditions) and are caused to rotate with the said shaft by projections thereon en-
gaging in notches c² in the bosses of the said fly wheels. The projections c have each
on one side an inclined surface c3 corresponding to an inclined surface on one side of
the notch c² in the boss of the fly wheel, the said inclines being arranged as shewn so
that in case of the driving arms or other rotary part of the apparatus meeting with an
obstruction sufficient to prevent the rotation of the shaft A A² the stoppage of the said
shaft will cause the fly wheels D D2, by reason of the inclined surfaces c² c³, to slide
longitudinally on the shaft out of engagement with the projections c onto plain parts
of the shaft on which they will then be free to rotate to expend their momentum and
so prevent damage to the apparatus. When the machine is intended to be driven
in either direction a duplicate arrangement of projection c and notch c² is provided
as shewn by dotted lines cx cx in Figure 1 so that by shifting the fly wheel along the
shaft it may be caused to engage with either the projection c or ex according to the
direction in which the machine is to be driven. In Figure 3 a feeding device is pro-
vided at only one end of the machine the said feeding device being connected to the
end cover, and may be supported on a pillar as shewn in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 or by
the end cover itself as shewn in Figure 3.
In the arrangement illustrated by Figure 4 two sets of driving arms H, crushing
rollers I, stirring arms G, and steel ring crushing surfaces 12 are provided and on the
portion A² of the shaft between the two sets of driving arms H is fixed an additional
set of propeller arms F3 which propel the material after it has been operated on by one
set of crushing rollers into position to be again operated on by the other set of crushing
rollers. The driving arms and other operating parts of the apparatus are reversible
and are provided with renewable wearing surfaces as indicated at 8. To facilitate the
detachment of parts of the apparatus for cleaning or repairs the driving arms H are
each provided with four key ways d d², corresponding key ways e e² being also pro-
vided in the boss G2 of the agitator arms G, situated between each pair of driving
arms, as shewn in Figures 5 and 6. The driving shaft A may be round (in which case
key ways are provided therein corresponding to the key ways in the bosses of the
driving arms and agitator arms) or the said shaft may be square in transverse section
as shewn. In two of the key ways (say d in one of the driving arms) are inserted
short keys which securely fix the said driving arm onto the shaft, and in the other
two key ways (say d² in the other driving arm) are inserted long keys f2 which extend
from the other arm of the pair of driving arms into, and through, the key ways e² in
the boss G2 of the agitator arms and into the corresponding key ways d² in the other
driving arm thereby securing both the driving arın and the agitators to the shaft.
The driving arm which is secured by the short keys f can be removed without dis-
turbing the other driving arm, or the driving arm and agitators which are secured by
the long keys can be readily removed without disturbing the driving arm which
is secured by the short keys..

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. In apparatus of the kind hereinbefore described for grinding, pulverizing or
disintegrating substances a duplex arrangement of feeding devices for feeding the
material to be operated on, at either end of the apparatus, in combination with parts
arranged to operate alike in whatever direction the shaft which carries them is rotated
substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. In apparatus of the kind herein before described, cradles (N) for supporting the
rings in the interior of which the crushing is effected, the said cradles being
bolted to the base of the apparatus substantially as and for the purpose herein-
before described.
3. In apparatus of the kind hereinbefore described the combination with a duplex
arrangement of feeding devices of arms for propelling the material through the
apparatus, the angle of the said propeller arms being capable of being reversed so
as to propel the material in either direction required, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
4. In apparatus of the kind herein before described a driving shaft made in two
parts connected together by a coupling device one part of which shaft carries the rota-
ting operating parts of the apparatus together with a fly wheel and pedestal bearing
so arranged that the said portion of the shaft together with the operating parts carried
thereby can be suspended so as to be readily removed from, and replaced in
position in, the casing of the apparatus substantially as herein before described.
5. In apparatus of the kind herein before described, mounting a fly wheel on the
driving shaft so as to rotate therewith but so that on the sudden stoppage of the
shaft, the fly wheel will automatically disengage the shaft and rotate freely thereon,
substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
6. The combinations and arrangements of parts constituting apparatus for grind-
ing, pulverising, or disintegrating substances substantially as herein before described
and illustrated respectively in Figures 1 and 2, Figure 3 (34) and in Figure 4 of the
accompanying drawings.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agents.