IMPROVEMENTS IN PAPER-MAKING: MACHINERY
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Fédor de Wylde, of 10, Great College Street, Camden,
Town, London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PAPER-MAKING:
MACHINERY." A communication from abroad by Louis Dupont, Nancy,,
in the Empire of France.
Sealed the 20th May 1862, and.dated the 23rd November 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Fédor de Wyldé at, the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd:
November 1861..
1.
I, FEDOR DE WYLDE, 10,, Great College Street, Camden Town, London, do
hereby declare the nature. of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PAPER-
MAKING MACHINERY," to be as follows (that is to say):
"The improvements are intended to be effected in machinery denominated.
the "stuff" or "rag engine," or paper-making mill.
The machine of this name is now used in all the paper manufactories for
the purpose of triturating. rags and other fibrous, materials, and converting"
them into paper "stuff" or paste.
1.
1.
The improvements carried into effect in this machinery are designed to
obtain that which has not yet been produced in any existing machinery (viz.);"
to reduce into paper stuff or paste certain ligneous or vegetable matter such as
the stalks of hops, bark, and the like, it being perfectly unnecessary to submit
the same to any preliminary process whatever.
The improvements consist, first, in certain forins and dispositions given
to the metallic plates which are placed under the pounder, beater, or cylin-
drical rubber; and, secondly, in certain new forms and dispositions given to
the blades upon the edge or periphery of the said cylinder. These plates are

page_text: formed in segments mounted upon a bed plate so as to form a segmenta
"race," in and upon which the cylinder is placed in contact, adjustable at a
greater or less distance as may be required.
The plates above mentioned in the existing machinery, have on their super-
fices in contact (with the blades of the cylinder) channelled projections o
flutes with rounded edges, and these projections are formed in longitudinal
series, and are placed parallel to the axis of the cylinder, and parallel with
the beating or rubbing blades, which are placed or formed round the peri
phery of the said cylinder. This segmental-plate "race
and cylinder,
constitute the mill or stuff engine used for reducing rags and other materials
to a fibrous "stuff" or paste.
Now, in the improved plates and cylinder blades in lieu of the projections
above mentioned, I have substituted square (or slightly angular) projections,
having their rubbing surfaces (between which the rags and other materials are
triturated) flat, but grooved or chased diagonally in one or both directions
similar to a single or double cut file, so as to rub or grind, or triturate the
rags and other materials more perfectly, and more effectively to reduce them
to the required consistence of fibrous pulp stuff or paste than can be done
by the engine or machinery now in use.
I also in addition to the improvements in the rubbing surfaces above men-
tioned in the said plates and cylinder blades, form and place the plate itself,
and the blade itself in such a manner that the blades on the cylinder and the
plates on the "race," or the projections thereon are in diagonal positions the one
to the other at any required angle, and not parallel to each other as in the
machinery now in use, this improvement is effected either by placing the plate
in the race diagonally, or the blade on the periphery of the cylinder straight
or vice versa.
It is preferable to work the improvement upon the plate rather than on the
cylinder.
I said above that according to the nature of this improvement I can work
upon-the-raw-material-(whatever-it-may-be), without its being necessary_to
undergo any previous preparation either by acids, alkalis or spirits.
The stuff in coming from the machine is in a state of fibrous paste, and in
a condition to be made into paper of the greatest strength.
In this state the fibrous paste is ready to be cleaned as easily as rags, and a
is quite the same as rags of the best description..
It can then be made into paper of every species, and of the very finest
quality.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Fédor de Wyldé in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
23rd May 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FEDOR
DE WYLDE, of 10, Great-College-Street, Camden Town, London, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by. Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of November, in the year of our
Lord' One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto"
me, the said Fédor de Wylde" Her special licence that I, the said Fédor
de Wylde, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the"
said Fedor de Wylde, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there:
after during the term therein expressed, should, and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel, Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PAPER-MAKING MACHINERY," a communication to me from abroad by
Louis Dupont, Nancy, in the Empire of France, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Fedor de Wylde, my exécutors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be. filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next'
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Fedor de Wylde do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say:
The Invention consists of certain improvements in that part of the paper
mill in which the paper-making materials are reduced or converted intö
rough or fine stuff, pulp, or pile, and the improvements consist in certain new
forms and dispositions in the engine or machinery used for that purpose, that
is to say, in the pounding or pulping mill.
:
The engine machinery or mill thus improved is designed for the purpose of
reducing certain ligneous and vegetable matters, such as bark, rind, the stems
of plants, stalks of hops, rushies and the like, or other fiberous matters into

page_text: paper "stuff," "pulp," or "pile," with a power and rapidity not hitherto
attained by any engine or machine yet introduced, and without it being
necessary to submit the materials to any previous manufacturing process
'except that of steeping in a suitable bath.
The improved machinery is also capable of working up fiberous raw
materials for which the existing engines are not adapted.
: The improvements can be applied to the existing engines and machinery
as will be herein-after explained.
By, the introduction of the improved. principle of construction in new
machines, or its application to existing engines, the "stuff" produced from
ligneous or vegetable; matters,consists of a fine fiberous pulp or paste fit to be
made into paper of the greatest strength and in a condition capable of being
as readily cleansed as the pulp or paste from rags or other textile matters,
and if required can be made into paper of the finest qualities:
The improved machinery is also adapted for triturating rags and other
textile matters which can be thereby worked.upon without it being necessary.
to submit the same to any previous preparation except: that of steeping as
before mentioned.
The ordinary pulping. engine consists of a cylinder. mounted. upon a shaft
running through its axis, and plates fitted to a segmental bed; between. which:
plates and the periphery of the cylinder the raw material is triturated,
pounded, or ground and pulped by the rotary motion of the cylinder. Upon
the periphery of the, cylinder a number of metal blades are fixed parallel.
with its axis, and in the plates fixed to the segmental bed channels are cut
also parallel with the axis of the cylinder and parallel with the cylinder
blades, both the channels and blades being in longitudinal series with their
edges rounded or fluted.
The first improvement of this Invention, consists in forming the channels
of the plates in the segmental bed in lines running diagonally across the same.
at an angle (greater or less) with the axis of the cylinder, and..in place.
-of-rounding-or-fluting_the_edges of the grooves, square or slightly angular
projections are substituted. For rough or half stuff an angle of about 45 is
preferred, and for fine stuff the channels are cut or the projections formed
at an angle of about 22°.
The second improvement consists in forming the rubbing surfaces between
which the raw materials are triturated, chased in one or both directions,
similar to the surface of a single cut file making the chase in a zig-zag line
across the length of the plate.
The third improvement consists in placing the blades on the periphery of.

page_text: the cylinder in an oblique line so that the edges of the blades form a curved
and slightly spiral line, or by forming the said blades in a series of parallel
curves or zig-zag series, the rubbing surfaces being either chased or plain
and square or slightly angular. The rubbing surfaces of the cylinder blades
and projections on the segmental plates may be either chased or plain, and the
required angle may be obtained either by making the cylinder blade oblique
and the projection_on_the_plate-straight,-or-vice-versa.
The object of the angular or oblique forms and dispositions above.
mentioned, either by curved, spiral, or other lines, which constitutes the
principle of the said Invention, is, to grind or triturate the materials more
perfectly, with less expense of power, and with greater rapidity in the
operation, and to render the usual cutting and preparatory manufacturing.
processes wholly or partially unnecessary:
.
When the principle is applied in the blade of the cylinder it is preferable
to make the channels or chasing in one blade in the contrary direction * to
that in the next, so that the chasing in any blade shall form an angle with the
chasing in the next blade of the series on both sides.
In applying this Invention to existing machines it is only necessary to
change the blades in the cylinder. or the plates, or to chase or cut diagonal
grooves or channels.therein.
In witness whereof, I, the said Fédor de Wyldé, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of May, 1862. .