IMPROVE- MENTS IN RAILS AND IN PART OF THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Loeder at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st December
1866. A communication from abroad by Gabriel Dümler, of Namur,
.Belgium, Engineer.
I, WILLIAM LOEDER, of New Broad Street, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN RAILS AND IN PART OF THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS," (a
communication to me from abroad by Gabriel Dümler, of Namur, Belgium,
Engineer,) to be as follows:-
The improvements in rails for railways, which form the first part of this
Invention, may be considered as a further developement of the system of
composite rail for which I obtained Letters Patent, dated 29th May 1863,
and Numbered 1350, and the improvements in part of the permanent way of
railways, which forms the second part of this Invention, as a further develope-
ment of the first part, to which is in some cases adapted the principle of the
improvements in the permanent way of railways for which I obtained Letters
Patent under the Number 738, and date of 16th March 1865.
The third part of my Invention consists in a modification of the preceding,
which will permit the use of an ordinary single or double headed rail.
The first part of this Invention is illustrated, Figures 1 to 8 (Sheets 1 and 2)
inclusive of the accompanying Sheets of Drawings forming part of this Pro-
visional Specification; the second part at Figures 9 to 12 (Sheet 3) inclusive;
and the third part at Figure 13 (Sheet 3).

page_text: The rails, the subject of this Invention, are made in two parts, head and
body, the object being that the head and body may if desired be made of
different metal, that breaking joint at different points they may when com-
bined form a continuous line of rail, that the ordinary chairs and fish plates
may be dispensed with, and that the head may be removed and replaced
without disturbing the permanent way.
The shape of the rail A may vary at pleasure and be single or double
headed; but I specially claim the exclusive use of the shapes illustrated on
the accompanying Sheets of Drawing, when forming part of a composite rail.
The support chair shoe or rail body B may be made, as shewn in the Drawing,
with one or two jaws or cheeks according to the shape of rail head adopted,
and in several pieces if found desirable. The rail head will always be fixed
to the body by bolts or keys passing through the stem of the head and jaw or
cheek or cheeks of the body or support. In most cases the rail A will not be
supported by but simply be fixed to the cheek or cheeks of B, the rail A
resting on the plane of B, or upon a piece of wood or any elastic or metallic
material placed between the base of A and the plane of B; but the rail A, if
desired, may be supported on the top of the cheeks of B, as indicated by
K, S, Figure 6. The base of B may be formed with one or more hollows or
corrugations C, Figure 1, to receive ribs placed on the sleepers, or formed by
grooving these latter. The base of B may be of the same or of greater or
lesser breadth than the wooden sleepers on which it is fixed, and it may be
placed upon transverse or longitudinal sleepers at pleasure. If on longitudinal
sleepers the parts B of each line (see A', A", Figure 7,) will be connected at
certain distances by tie rods, and many sleepers will be economised by the
adoption of this method. Where the support or body B is made with only
one cheek it may be found desirable to obtain additional security by the adop-
tion of the piece B*, which may be of one piece with B or fixed thereon, and
of wood or metal, or any suitable material. The piece B is not necessarily of
the same length as the rail head A which it supports, and with which it
always breaks joint; in such case the body of the rail forms as it were a chair
support or shoe. Filling pieces of wood or any elastic or metallic material
may be placed, if desired, between the rail A and the cheek or cheeks or the
plane of B.
The second part of this Invention is shewn Figures 9 to 12 (Sheet 3); it
consists of a developement of the part B into an actual sleeper, and thus dis-
pensing altogether with wooden sleepers. The part B, whether with one or
two cheeks, may be enlarged at its base in continuation of the shape shewn
Figure 1, or (which I prefer) its base may still be a plane with one or more

page_text: ribs, flanges, or supports A, C, D, (Figures 9 to 12) to prevent lateral 'dis-
placement, upon the principle of the sleeper patented by me in 1865, under
the Number 738, and be further assisted therein by the transverse rib shown
in dotted lines. The combined sleeper and chair or rail body on one line will
be united to that on the other by tie rods H; these longitudinal sleepers may
be continuous or not, at pleasure, but in every case they break joint with the
rail A. These sleepers may be made of iron or steel, and be laid like
ordinary wooden sleepers; they very much strengthen the rail, above all, if
use is made of the cheek E, on which, however, the rail need not bear, but
only be fixed. The rail is fixed on the sleeper either against the part E, or
by bolting or fixing it on the plane x, y, of the sleeper or in both ways, and
resting or not against E.
The third part of this Invention is but a modification of the second part,
permitting the use of an ordinary rail, if desired, and is fully set forth in the
description of the Drawing in reference to Figure 13 (Sheet 3).
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING.
Figure 1 shews an improved rail, the rail body, support, or chair B having
jaws or double cheeks; D, wood or any elastic or metallic material; C, hollow,
to receive a rib on sleeper, or part of the sleeper itself. Figure 2, double-
beaded method; D, wood or any other elastic or metallic material. In all.
the Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, the part B* (a, b, c,) may be added or suppressed;
Figure 3, double-headed method, which may also be used for single-headed
rails. Figure 4, wood or any other elastic or metallic material may be placed
at D. Figure 5; in this Figure and Figures 2, 3, and 4, wood may be
placed at C, or in lieu of wood any other elastic or metallic material upon which
the part A will be placed; Figure 6, the base M, N, of A, may rest imme-
diately upon B without wood or any elastic or metallic material, or not rest
at all. In this latter case C is left unfilled, and A rests on S, K. Wood or
any other elastic or metallic material may be placed at C or at D. A may
assume the shapes X, Y, Z, or O, or any other form. No matter what the
shape of A, it may, if desired, rest directly upon B without wood or other
material; Figure 7, section across a railway constructed on this system. The
parts A and B fastened together are laid and fixed to the wooden sleepers C,
laid longitudinally instead of transversely. The line A' of the railway is tied
to the line A" of the way by iron connecting rods a from distance to distance;
Figure 8 shews an application of one of these improved composite rails upon
a cross sleeper. A, rail which may be of one of my improved shapes, or any
single or double headed rail; B, rail body, chair, or fish plate (shewn detached);

page_text: C, sleeper made of iron or. steel and uniting the two parts B of the way (shewn
in front and end-view.); D,.key, or cottar wedging in the iron or steel piece E,
which secures the rail A and B, and both united on the sleeper. C; (D and E
are shewn detached); F, rivet bolt and nut; Figures 9 to 12 illustrate the
improved sleeper or combined support, chair, or body of rail and sleeper,
forming an improvement in the permanent way of railways; these sleepers
may be of cast or wrought iron or of steel, and vary in size and length.
Figures 9 and 10; the rail is fixed against. E and on the sleeper by bolts,
cramps, keys, or in any other manner. H, tie rod uniting the sleepers; A, C, D,
ribs, supports, or flanges of one piece with the sleeper and entering the ballast.
The dotted lines shew where an additional cross rib may be placed, if desired.
Figures 11 and 12; sleeper combined with double-support chair or rail body;
the rail is fixed against the cheeks or jaws E by bolts or otherwise. The
number of ribs or supports A, C, D, may be varied according to requirement;
H, tie rod uniting the sleepers. Figure 13; A, rail; B, sleepers or rail body.
If the two parts of the way are not tied by the rod H the part B may be
termed a fish plate or chair; the length and dimensions are variable. The
rib C may or may not be added. The part A. is fixed against B at S or at D,
or at both points by bolts, rivets, or otherwise. The connecting or draw rod H
may be used to connect the two lines of rail, or it may be dispensed with.
His fixed on the part B by a bolt, or otherwise at M, or the piece E may be
rolled with B and the part H be fixed thereto. The rod H may be of any
size, and may if desired have one or more ribs similar to that C beneath the
sleeper. These arrangements and the preceding may serve as sleeper, chair, or
fish plates, and replace each other accordingly as the two parts of the way are
or are not tied together; this arrangement is applicable to ordinary rails.