matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES AND BULLETS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Alexander Walker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th November 1876.
JAMES ALEXANDER WALKER, of 33, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES AND BULLETS."
According to this Invention I construct the cartridge containing the bullet or
projectile in such a way that it contains a double charge of powder, viz., one for
shooting it out of the barrel, and the other, which is ignited thereby, for further
propelling and guiding it through the air in a quicker and more direct manner than
heretofore, all as herein-after described. For this purpose I fit or form the cartridge
in two parts, a front and a back part, one fitting over the other; a space between
the two forms the powder chamber first ignited. The powder chamber of the other
or outer part of the cartridge is by one or more apertures in communication with
the first-named powder chamber. The aperture or apertures are by preference
formed with a jet curve, so that the products of combustion issuing therefrom while
the bullet or projectile is flying through the air spread in a simple cone or compound
cone, thus affording a large resisting surface of air. The apertures may be at the
end of one or more spiral or volute coil pipes communicating with the powder
chamber behind the bullet or projectile. The latter thereby acquires twisting or
increased twisting motion. The bullet or projectile may also be fitted or formed
with spiral grooves or projecting vanes or ribs outside.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILS AND FASTENINGS FOR TRAMWAYS AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Oxley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd March 1876.
JAMES OXLEY, of Swinton Bridge, near Rotherham, in the County of York,
Engine Driver. "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILS AND FASTENINGS FOR TRAMWAYS AND
OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."
The object of my Invention is to provide a simple arrangement to facilitato the
turning of trainway cars round the sharp curves which are required in passing from
one street to another which may be at right angles to it, and also efficient means of
fastening or securing the rails to the chairs.
In carrying out my Invention as applied to the sharp curves which are
unavoidable in strect railways or tramways, I (by preference) cast the rails which
constitute both the inner and outer line of the curve with a groove (for the flange
of the car wheels to run in), gradually widening as far as the centre of the curve,
where it then commences to decrease till it reaches the opposite extremity of the
curve, at which point it is the same size and corresponds with the groove in the
straight rails. The width of the groove will vary according to the sharpness of the
curve, but in all cases I so construct the grooves that the inner surface or sides of
the grooves which act upon and guide the wheels of the car by means of their
flanges, are both struck from the same centre or maintain the same relative distance
one to the other.
I sometimes make the groove in the curved rails parallel instead of tapering, but
of sufficient width to allow of the play or twist of the flange of the wheels in
iurning round the curve; I then taper the ends rapidly where they meet the grooves
in the straight rails.
In securing or fastening the rails of tramways on to the chairs in lieu of using
wood plugs in which to screw or dowell pins and the like, I pass a screw, made by
preference with a strong tapered head through a clearance or untapped hole in the
rail, which is provided with a countersink to receive the head of the screw, so that
it may lie flush with the bottom of the groove in the rail, and I screw the said
screw into a threaded hole prepared in the top of the chair.
The screws may be made of iron, copper, or any other suitable material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING THE WIDTH BETWEEN THE RAILS OF A RAILWAY
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd November 1876. A communication
from Johann Hochgrassl, Assistant Engineer of the European Turkish
Railways, residing at Usun Kopri, near Constantinople, in the Empire
of Turkey.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth & Company, Patent Agency, of Frankfort-
on-the-Maine, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF
AND APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING THE WIDTH BETWEEN THE RAILS OF A RAILWAY."
A communication.
My Invention relates more particularly to apparatus for controlling and
graphically registering the width between the rails of railways.
My apparatus is fastened by preference to a trolly, and works automatically
during the course of the same with great accuracy.
The said apparatus has two wheels of cast iron provided with flanges. These
wheels move with their axles each in two sockets riveted on an L iron, which is
fastened on the said trolly by means of a pole. One wheel is by a projecting piece of
the axle and by a pin with a retaining plate held on its place whilst another wheel
by means of the spiral spring slides to and fro according to the width between the
rails. In the middle of the horizontal iron is mounted a T shaped support on
which rests the registering apparatus and writing instrument.
The whole frame is by means of small chains suspended on two flat springs which
project from the trolly whereon they are fastened. The suspension is effected in
such manner that the stationary wheel is always pressed against the rail, whilst the
other wheel moves on the rail almost without any friction. The sliding of the
movable wheel corresponds to the actual width between the rails, and is com-
municated to the writing pen by means of a lever turning round its point. This
lever is forked, and is placed with its forked end in a groove of the movable shaft.
Between the writing pen and a metal plate moves a paper strap or band. This
strap is moved forward by passing between drums, one of which is turned by means
of small wheels and an excentric.
The rolling of the paper strap on the cylinder is effected by means of another
wheel; the axle of one wheel has a conical end. On this axle is a cylinder, which
by means of a screw or screws is pressed in such a manner that the said cylinder
【Price 2d1

page_text: can slide on the axle according to the increasing diameter of the paper roll. A drum
provided with rows of small pins draws on the paper strap by two parallel dotted
lines the normal width between the rails, whilst the deviations from the normal
width are drawn by a single line. The beginnings of curves and the like can easily
be marked on the paper band by the attendant on the trolly. The aforesaid pressure
screws have for their purpose to regulate the rotation of the said cylinder and
drum.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS, BONNETS, AND COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Carl Spannagel, of the Firm of Carl Karthaus & Co., of
Barmen, Prussia, and 3, Fell Street, in the City of London, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS, BONNETS, AND COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD."
Sealed the 5th December 1876, and dated the 29th September 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Carl Spannagel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th September 1876.
CARL SPANNAGEL, of the Firm of Carl Karthaus & Co., of Barmen, Prussia, and
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS, BONNETS, AND
3, Fell Street, in the City of London.
3 COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD."
This Invention has for its object improvements in hats, bonnets, and coverings
for the head. For these purposes I use a braid in the braiding of which threads
are employed some of which are heavily strained, whilst others are slack, from
which it results that in place of a flat braid a corrugated or crimped braid is
0 produced. These braids I sew on to a form to produce the hats, bonnets, and
coverings for the head.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Carl Spannagel in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 28th March
1877.
CARL SPANNAGEL, of the Firm of Carl Karthaus & Co., of Barmen, Prussia, and
3, Fell Street, in the City of London. " IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS, BONNETS, AND
COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD."
This Invention has for its object improvements in hats, bonnets, and coverings
for the head. For these purposes I use a braid in the braiding of which threads
are employed, some of which are heavily strained whilst others are slack, from
which it results that in place of a flat braid a corrugated or crimped braid is
produced. These braids I sew on to a form to produce hats, bonnets, and coverings
for the head.
The braids which I employ are of wool, silk, linen, cotton, or other suitable
material, and they are made in an ordinary braiding machine. The threads of which

page_text: they are composed are worked under unequal tensions, and so a design in relief is
obtained. Braids of this nature are not in themselves new, but they have never
heretofore been used to make hats or bonnets, or other coverings for the head.
I suse by preference a stiff form, such as is commonly employed in making bonnets
and hats, and I sew the braid around this form as in making bonnets or hats from
straw plait; or in some cases the form may be dispensed with. In some cases I
employ this braid in combination with straw and other materials.
By the use of the braids described elegant bonnets and hats can be produced at a
cheap rate, and they are very durable, as the braid will bear exposure to damp air
or moisture.
What I claim is the manufacture of hats, bonnets, and coverings for the head
from braids, such as herein described, with or without a stiff form, and either alone
or in combination with other materials.
In witness whereof, I, the said Carl Spannagel, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-BARS AND APPLIANCES FOR SAVING OF FUEL AND THE BETTER CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Davison at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th February 1876.
WILLIAM ROBERT DAVISON, of Sunderland, in the County of Durham, Consulting
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-BARS AND APPLIANCES FOR SAVING OF FUEL
AND THE BETTER CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE."
This Invention has for its two-fold object a first class light strong fire-bar, and
thorough combustion of smoke and fuel.
1st. I construct a fire-bar (to be called the "angular fire-bar") of a deep strong
central rib, and two light ribs on each side parallel to central rib. Between thesc
standing at an oblique angle to the central rib and meeting it like a succession of
V's I place a series of shallower ribs; these shallow ribs have air spaces between
them, and are cut away in an oblique manner below so as more easily to admit
the air to rise up between them. The ends of the bars can be joined by a rib at
right angles to the main rib, and cutting the oblique ribs which join on to it. The
whole is cast in one piece and forms one of a series of longitudinal (or transverse)
bars forming a furnace grate. The deep central rib keeps the bar from sagging, and
allows the oblique cross ribs to be shallow without reducing strength, thus insuring
the largest amount of strength with the lest amount of material. The oblique ribs
too being shallow are kept cool by the air impinging against them, and thus last
longer than deep bars which heats the air before it gets near the upper surface of
the bar where the greatest heat lies.
2nd. Notwithstanding the large amount of air space in my furnace bar, I find it
frequently desirable to increase the draft near the bridge. For this purpose I bring
a pipe from the end of the ash-pit or furnace bottom into the smoke box or
chimney. This pipe has a transverse horizontal T end near or under the bridge,
extending across the ash-pit, and perforated with holes for the admission of air.
This pipe causes the cold air to be drawn along the centre rib and between the
outside ribs. Its action can if desirable be aided by a steam jct.
3rd. As I have found from experience that the smoke has a tendency to rise to
the higest part of the combustion chamber, and thence proceed through the top
row of tubes to the smoke box, I occasionally (in marine boilers especially) fix a

page_text: pipe extending from some or all of the highest row of tubes in the smoke box or
uptake down to the front of each furnace. This pipe carries the unconsumed
smoke down to repass over the furnace and thus be burnt. I sometimes aid this
circulation also by a steam jet.
My Invention as above described is in whole or in part applicable to almost all a
kinds of furnaces, whether for steam boilers, or for other purposes.
IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE FITTED TO LATHE FRAMES TO FACILITATE THE CUTTING OF ARTICLES THEREON."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas James Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd May 1876. A. communication
from abroad by Victor Jamelin, of 19, Rue des Halles, Paris, France.
66
THOMAS JAMES SMITH, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and Company, of
166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents. IMPROVED APPARATUS TO
BE FITTED TO LATHE FRAMES TO FACILITATE THE CUTTING OF ARTICLES THEREON."
A communication from abroad by Victor Jamelin, of 19, Rue des Halles, Paris,
France.
The object of this Invention is an arrangement to be applied as a simple support
to parallel or other lathes, so as to obtain therefrom all motions necessary for
cutting, fraising, or otherwise operating without being restricted to one special and
costly machine.
I proceed to describe the Invention with reference to the annexed Drawings.
Figure 1 is a face view of the support.
Figure 2 is a sectional side view.
Figure 3 is an accessory for the cutting of wheels or frotwork.
The operation of turning is effected either by the hand or by an endless tangential
screw, or any other means.
A is the crank handle by which the support can be moved to or from the axis of
the lathe; B is the handle mounted upon the axis of the pinion, by the aid of which
the support can rise or fall; C is the foot of the support capable of turning
horizontally on its socket M; D is the sole socket of the support; E is a slide
sliding upon the jointed platform E, capable of turning on the vertical plane; F is
the handle permitting the translation of the slide G upon the other E provided in
case of need with a divider plate for the regular advancement of this slide; G is
the slide of the platform, one axis of which carries circular teeth; H is a movable
piece serving as a vice to hold the objects to work; I is another movable picce
specially arranged for cutting toothed wheels; L is a screw plate of the slide G,
permitting, the exact and regular determination of the advancement of this wheel
in the case of cutting racks.
The apparatus is placed upon a simple lathe frame J, and then run either by the
hand or by the endless screw.
The foot C, by the aid of its hook with circular teeth, can rise up a crtain
listance and be fixed at a height by two lateral screws V, V. The same foot can
turn in the horizontal plane cither by the hand or the endless screw.
[Price 4d.]

page_text: The platform E can thus rise or fall while its guide can turn round the axis K
of any angle.
By the aid of all these combined movements upon the same support the object to
be worked upon can be caused to take the position according to which it ought to
be acted upon by the chisel. The various handles permit the object to reach the
point which it should occupy.
The accessory I permits the holding by means of the divider platform p of dividing
as well as of cutting gearing wheels with straight or inclined teeth whatever may
be the form of these gearings, their mode of fixation, and their position, which they
may reciprocally change with that of the chisels or of any other tool.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE ENTRY OF PERSONS INTO AND THE ESCAPE OF PERSONS FROM BURNING BUILDINGS, WHICH APPARATUS MAY ALSO BE EMPLOYED FOR VARIOUS OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Harrington at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th July 1876.
JOHN HARRINGTON, of Ryde, in the Isle of Wight.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS
OR APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE ENTRY OF PERSONS INTO AND THE ESCAPE
OF PERSONS FROM BURNING BUILDINGS, WHICH APPARATUS MAY ALSO BE EMPLOYED
FOR VARIOUS OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES."
The Invention has for its object improvements in means or apparatus for
facilitating the entry of persons into and the escape of persons from burning
buildings, which apparatus may also be employed for various other useful purposes.
In carrying my Invention into effect I fix a rope in any suitable manner to any
part of a building or other place to which it is desired to ascend, or from which it
is desired to descend. In connection with such rope I employ pairs of suitable
gripping apparatus, the upper pair of which has connected thereto a seat on which
the person desirous of ascending or descending places himself. This gripping
apparatus is preferably formed somewhat in the manner of a pair of nippers, between
the jaws of which the rope is passed. The long arms of the upper pair of these
grippers are held in the hands, whilst the long arms of the lower grippers are pro-
vided with stirrups or loops in which the feet are placed. Thus by alternately
opening and closing the grippers operated by the hands and feet a person can
readily ascend to or descend from a building or eminence, and can securely and
comfortably support himself in any required position for repairing a building, or for
pruning trees, or for other purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CONTINUOUS BREAKS FOR RAILWAY TRAINS."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Fielden, John Fielden, and
John Fielden, the younger, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
8th September 1876
THOMAS FIELDEN, JOHN FIELDEN, and JOHN FIELDEN, the younger, all of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF CONTINUOUS BREAKS FOR RAILWAY TRAINS."
The object of this Invention is to provide a very powerful friction break which
shall be continuous from one end of the train to the other, and capable of being
applied instantaneously.
The principal features of the Invention are that the friction is applied by means
of internal and external cones, and that the internal cones are all forced up or
withdrawn by merely turning round a continuous rod which reaches from one end
of the train to the other.
Upon each axle we key or otherwise firmly fix an external cone, that is to say,
a cylindrical drum with an internal conical surface, and sliding loosely upon the
said axle, but so held as to be incapable of being turned, we mount a corresponding
internal cone, fitting closely within the former, and provided with a neck embraced
by a forked lever whereby it can be forced into the external cone or withdrawn
therefrom at pleasure. All the forked levers of each carriage are connected to a rod
which is screwed at a portion of its length and passes through a screwed bush or
nut fixed to the carriage framing. It will be evident that by turning round this
rod it will at the same time be caused by its screw to move in a longitudinal
direction, and thus by means of the forked levers either to force in or withdraw the
cones according to the direction in which it is turned. The forked levers are
attached to the rod by a spring connection which can give way slightly, and thus
each cone can be forced up perfectly tight. Each end of each rod is provided with
a spring clutch or coupling by means of which all the rods are coupled together
when the train is made up, so that by turning the rod round at either end of the
train all the rods revolve together, and either the guard or engine driver can
apply a continuous break upon every axle throughout the whole length of the
train.
The rods are also so arranged that they have a slight telescopic movement so as

page_text: to accommodate themselves to the action of the buffers and not interfere with the
clasticity of the train
The cone breaks may be made to work either by having one screwed rod
running along the centre of each carriage; or, if preferred, a screwed rod may run
along each side, in which case the screwed rods must be so geared together that
they turn in opposite directions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MODES OF AND APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING OR BREAKING ROCK AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Gardner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th May 1876.
ROBERT GARDNER, of 5, South Crescent Chambers, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MODES OF AND APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING OR
BREAKING ROCK AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
Stone crushers as at present constructed are complicated and cumberous. My
improvements are designed with a view to make a machine as simple, strong, and
compact as possible, combining in the same machine either crushing or breaking.
In carrying out my Invention into practice I make a very strong iron or steel
box or frame, usually forming a parallel sided rectangular chamber without top or
bottom. Horizontally through two opposite walls of this through bosses, cast suffi-
ciently strong to form bearings, I borc a hole large enough to insert the bearings of
the shaft. This shaft is turned eccentric in the middle portion and larger in dia-
meter than at the journals, and the bearings are slid in from the outsido after the
shaft has been placed in position and secured with set scrows, keys, or other
fastenings. In the rectangular chamber, and extending entirely across it, is a
moveable jaw. This is hinged on the shaft, the eccentric portion passing through it
in a hole bored for the purpose and usually lined with brass. The moveable jaw
and the side of the rectangular chamber facing it which forms the stationary jaw can
be fluted or have projections or indentations cast thereon in any desirable manner. I
usually make these wearing surfaces of separate very strong forgings, or malleable
castings of iron or steel, so as to be replaced when worn. The back of the jaw
and the side of the rectangular chamber facing it are grooved with a series of
horizontal grooves.
A stout distance piece or strut of iron or steel has each of its ends so shaped as
to fit into one of these grooves.
The mode of working is as follows:-The shaft being rotated by a strap, or in
any convenient manner, the eccentric gives both a vertical and horizontal movemont
to the top of the jaw, and in front of the distance piece a varying motion depending
[Price 11

page_text: upon the length and angle of the strut, and direction of rotation. The stuff to be
crushed being inserted between the two jaws by means of a hopper or otherwise,
the working of the moveable one breaks or grinds the stuff against the stationary
jaw. This apparatus will be found applicable to the crushing of slag, chemicals,
and other substances as well as rock.
IMPROVED MEANS OF LIGHTING CIGARS AND CIGARETTES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Urbano Montejo at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd December 1870.
URBANO MONTEJO, of 10, Gray's Inn Place, Warwick Court, Holborn, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman. "IMPROVED MEANS OF LIGHTING CIGARS AND
CIGARETTES."
My Invention relates to improved means of lighting cigars and cigarettes
whereby the use of matches or other separate means of ignition is entirely avoided,
and the Invention consists in rendering the cigar or cigarette self-lighting by
combining with it a means of ignition, consisting of a readily combustible disc or
wad composed of paper or other suitable material which has been saturated with
a solution of purified nitre, which disc or wad is secured to the end of the cigar or
cigarette by a wooden pin, having a head composed of a material or composition
ignitible by friction similar to that ordinarily used for matches. This wooden pin
passes through the combustible disc and penetrates the body of the cigar or
cigarette for a sufficient distance to retain the combustible disc or wad securely
and the ignitible head of the pin projects from the surface of the combustible disc
so as to be readily rubbed against a suitable friction surface. When thus ignited
the head immediately communicates with and ignites the combustible disc or wad,
from which the cigar or cigarette is readily lighted.
Instead of using a disc composed of paper, as above mentioned, I may make the
disc of amadou and secure it to the end of the cigar or cigarette in the same way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Hepper at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th March 1870.
ROBERT HEPPER, the younger, of Rose Ash, South Molton, in the County of
Devon. IMPROVEMENTS IN AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY."
The improvements relate to corn and manure drills, and consist in making the
delivery of corn by means of a chain or band worked forwards and backwards
in or near the bottom of the corn box, and driving the same by suitable gearing;
also in lifting the coulters and throwing the corn delivery machinery out of gear at
the same time; further, in regulating or stopping the supply of manure.
The improvements may be performed by mounting the delivery chain on pulleys
on and over which it works, and motion may be imparted to thein by any suitable
gearing, which shall also be so arranged that it will lift the coulters as desired,
and by and with this latter motion throw the corn delivery chain out of gear.
The improved contrivance for regulating or stopping the delivery of manure may
be made as follows:-The manure may be delivered in the ordinary way from the
bottom of the inanure case, which is to be hung or hinged on springs, and furnished
with holes. In contact with this bottom a revolving shaft furnished with toothed
pulleys is worked by gearing from the ground wheel, so that as the machine moves
a hopping or shaking motion is produced in the perforated bottom and the manure
caused to pass out. This latter gearing is also so arranged that the motion of the
revolving shaft and toothed pulleys may be regulated or stopped, and thus the
manure supply regulated or stopped.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS STOVES OR GAS APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND COOKING
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Milward Holmes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd April 1876. A communication
from abroad by Charles F. Brooker, of Wolcottville, Connecticut, United States
of America.
JAMES MILWARD HOLMES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Secretary
of the International Agency.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS STOVES OR GAS APPARATUS
FOR HEATING AND COOKING."
The said Invention consists of the combination or arrangement, herein-after
described, of the parts of gas stoves or gas apparatus burning a mixture of coal or
combustible gas and atmospheric air.
Gas stoves or gas apparatus, arranged according to this Invention, aro especially
useful for heating sad irons and other articles, heating and boiling water, and heating
saucepans and other cooking vessels, but may also be employed in conjunction with
a case or oven for cooking joints and other articles of food.
The said gas stove or gas apparatus consists of a foot or stand supporting a
vertical pipe, which conducts the mixture of gas and atmospheric air to the burner.
A horizontal gas supply pipe opens into the base of the said vertical pipe, the gas
being delivered into the said vertical pipe by a fine slit or opening by which the
gas is spread out, so as to expose a large surface. Around the vertical pipe, and at
a point just above that at which the gas enters, holes or perforations are made
through which atmospheric air enters the said pipe and mixes with the said gas.
At the top of the vertical pipe conveying the mixture of gas and air is an open
gallery or support, on which a kettle, saucepan, or other article to be heated rests.
This gallery or support has on its under side a collar constituting the burner; this
collar is screwed internally, and screws upon the exterior of the top of the vertical
pipe. Around the part of the said short collar, near where it joins the gallery or
support, is a series of holes through which the mixture of gas and air rising up the
vertical pipe issues, and at which it is ignited, the said mixture of gas and air
issuing from the said holes in the form of a series of radial jets, which said jets by
playing upon or about the central part of the said gallery or support rapidly heat
it, and also the vessel or article placed upon it. A notched or undulating ring out-
side the burner described directs or guides the radial jets of the gaseous mixture as
they issue from the burner.

page_text: Two or more of the said gas stoves or gas apparatus may be combined together
at a short distance apart, the same gas supply pipe being common to the two or
more stoves. The supply of gas is regulated and cut off by stop-cocks. Gas is
supplied to the gas supply pipe by a flexible tube.
When joints and other articles of food are to be cooked a portable oven or case
may be combined with the stove constructed as described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR LEARNING ROLLER SKATING OR SKATING
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher Longbottom and Peter
Harris at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th July 1876.
CHRISTOPHER LONGBOTTOM, Estate Agent, and PETER HARRIS, Solicitor, both of
Bradford, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND
APPARATUS FOR LEARNING ROLLER SKATING OR SKATING."
Our Invention relates to employing mechanical arrangements whereby learners in
roller skating or skating are enabled to keep a standing position and have the free
use of their limbs for the skating operations.
For this purpose in any convenient part of a skating rink we fit an upright
pillar working in bearers; the bottom bearer is fixed to a foundation plate and the
top bearer to a frame, on the upright pillar is fitted a socket having an up-and-
down motion actuated by gear; the socket is made with lugs in which are fitted
studs having arms fitted on them; these arms are made to any required length,
and in the arms are cut slot openings having sockets fitted in them, and in which
work upright rods made with cross handles; these upright rods are made moveable
and can be fixed to any required height, and the sockets can be moved to give more
or less radius when the apparatus is turning round. The arms can be turned up
and secured to the pillar keeping the apparatus shut up when not required.
The learners after having had the skates secured take hold of the cross handles
guiding the skaters when the apparatus is turning round leaving them the free use
of the skates.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ASBESTOS PAPER AND MILLBOARD
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Wotherspoon, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Merchant, for the Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF ASBESTOS PAPER AND MILLBOARD."
Sealed the 30th May 1876, and dated the 6th March 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Wotherspoon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th March, 1876.
JAMES WOTHERSPOON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ASBESTOS PAPER AND
Merchant.
MILLBOARD."
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of asbestos paper and
millboard.
Such paper and millboard consists of fibres of asbestos or amianthus compacted
together into sheets, and so produced either by the hand or machine processes of
making paper or millboard.
The object of this Invention is to cause the asbestos fibres to cohere with greator
tenacity, and to work easier in paper or millboard machines or apparatus than when
made after the manner of making ordinary paper or millboard, and it consists in
the introduction or use with the pulp or fibres of a material which not only has the
quality herein-before mentioned, but also is more or less capable of resisting the
action of heat. The substances used under this Invention for effecting the object
herein-before mentioned are the alkaline and earthy salts, and especially the tung-
state of soda. The proportion of the salts or tungstate of soda used in the manner
herein-before described is variable, and depends upon the quality of the asbestos or
amianthus used.
IMPROVED MEANS FOR SECURING AND FOR OBTAINING ACCESS TO THE INTERIOR OF AIR-TIGHT METALLIC CASES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Edward Spiller at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th August 1876.
FRANCIS EDWARD SPILLER, of Newington Causeway, in the County of Surrey,
Cutler.
"IMPROVED MEANS FOR SECURING AND FOR OBTAINING ACCESS TO THE
INTERIOR OF AIR-TIGHT METALLIC CASES."
The object of this Invention is to secure tin and other metallic cases containing
provisions air-tight, and yet provide for their being readily opened without the
necessity for destroying the case, as at present. To this end in securing, for
example, a cylindrical tin can containing preserved milk, 1 fit the can with a loose
lid, and solder over the lapping edges of the lid a strip of tin of sufficient length to
cover the joint, and provide for leaving a free or unsoldered end. This free end of
the strip will allow of the application thereto of a pair of nippers to rip off the
soldered strip, and thus free the lid to afford access to the interior of the can.
The strip of tin may be half an inch more or less in width, so as to cover the
joint between the cover and case, and provide for its being soldered at its opposite
edges with the case and cover respectively without risk of the solder running under
the lapping edge of the cover or of the case.
In making sardine boxes according to my Invention I prefer to use an over-
lapping cover, and to raise a rib around the case to receive the strip of tin. The
strip will then be soldered to the overlapping edge of the cover and to the rib ; and
when the strip is torn off the cover will be free, and may be readily removed to
gain access to the interior.
It will be understood that besides the advantage of facility of access to the
preserved food upon the first opening of the case, which my Invention presents to
the public, there is this further advantage, viz., that the case can be used as a
protection to the contents so long as any portion remains to be consumed, whereas
cases that require to be cut open afford very inefficient protection to their contents
when once opened.
As the cases secured according to my Invention are uninjured by the process of
opening them they may be employed again and again in supplying preserved food
and other provisions to the market, and thus a material economy will be ensured.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COP TUBES FOR HOLDING YARNS OF TEXTILE MATERIALS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Morgan-Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th January 1876. A communication
from abroad by George Henry Simmons, of Bennington, Vermont, United
States, and William Taylor Harrobin, of Cohoes, New York, United States..
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan-Brown, Engineers
and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings, London, and 13, Rue Gaillon,
Paris. "IMPROVEMENTS IN COP TUBES FOR HOLDING YARNS OF TEXTILE MATERIALS."
This Invention of improvements in cop tubes has for its objects to give the wound
yarn on the cop tube a better adherence both to the cop tube and to the shuttle
spindle, so that even the last portions of the yarn may be utilized for example
when being used in the loom, and not as often happens now being wasted from non-
adherence to the cop or the shuttle spindle. The avoidance of waste in winding
the cops sometimes avoiding the necessity of steaming them to prevents kinks to
ensure an uniform and complete delivery of the yarn from the shuttle. With these
objects the Invention consists in making the cop tube with perforations, through
which as the yarn is wound thereon it presses upon the shuttle spindle or entering
into these perforations is the better retained upon the cop tube itself. Or there is
made studs or rings or spirals on the outerside of the cop tube, and sometimes the
tubes are split up their whole length, by which an elasticity is given to the cop tube,
and an elastic hold ensured of the cop tube upon the shuttle spindle or skewer.
The tube may also be made entirely of wire or wire cross coiled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF PUMPING AND OTHER APPARATUS FOR RAISING SUNKEN VESSELS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Gordon Picking, William
Hopkins, Peter Haden, and Lewis Beyfus at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents on the 29th January 1876.
GEORGE GORDON PICKING and WILLIAM HOPKINS, both of Bow, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineers, and PETER HADEN and LEWIS BEYFUS, both of Hackney,
in the same County, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF PUMPING
AND OTHER APPARATUS FOR RAISING SUNKEN VESSELS."
The object of this Invention is the arrangement of pumping apparatus to be
placed on the deck, in the hold, or attached to the side of sunken vessels and other
objects, the said pumping apparatus being worked by steam, water, or compressed
air supplied from above by any means, such as a steain vessel moored alongside; or if
near shore by steam or other means from land.
We now describe this Invention as applied to wrecks. All openings in the vessel
must be stopped as far as practicable by shields made of metal or wood, and made
water-tight with india-rubber, leather, or similar substance, or the holes may be
stopped with mats, sails, sheets, or the like. Supposing the pumps are placed on
the deck, we should place a shield over all openings, such as hatchways and
fractures, and from one or more of these shields carry an air tube or tubes to the
surface of the water for the purpose of supplying air to the interior of the vessel as
the water is pumped out; these tubes by preference being flexible.
By the side of the shields above mentioned we place a steam pump or steam
pumps, which will work under water by steam, water, or compressed air, and take
the suction pipe or pipes through the shield, and down into the interior of the
vessel. Any number of these pumps or water lifters may be distributed over the
vessel, and if practicable placed between the decks, the steam pipes (if steam is used)
from the pumps or water lifters being taken to the surface and connected to a
vessel moored alongside which supplies the steam.
The action is as follows:-The steam, water, or air passes down the supply pipes
to the pumps or water lifters, and by working these draws the water from the
interior of the vessel, and delivers it into the sea or river, and so soon as sufficient
water is pumped out the vessel will rise to the surface.
We prefer to place the pumps or water lifters on deck, but they may be placed
any height on the outside of the vessel, or they may be taken down into the vessel.
Povice 2d1

page_text: We prefer to lag the pumps and pipes with some non-conducting substance to
prevent condensation if steam is used.
This Invention may be applied to the pumping of water out of caissons or
pontoons, which are sunk and attached to the vessel, so that as the water is pumped
out of the caissons they become buoyant and so lift the vessel.
ROLLER SKATE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugo Low at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 26th February 1876. A communication from
abroad by Dr. Otto Braun, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia.
«
HUGO Low, of 31, Threadneedle Street, in the City of London. A NEW OR
A communication from abroad by Dr. Otto Braun, of
IMPROVED ROLLER SKATE."
Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia.
A skate is only useful by which a curve can be described by it, and according to
this Invention a roller skate is arranged with rollers (of which the middle roller or
one or more rollers in the middle) is or are deeper than the others.
The running surface of the rollers are either globular or partly globular, and by
the pressure of the body on the middle or one of the middle rollers rollers (which is
or are deeper than the others) the skater is enabled during the time that the pressure
of the body is on the middle or deeper roller to turn the feet in any direction, and
by this means produce any desired curve.
The skate itself consists of a foot board of either wood, metal, or any other
suitable substance to which are fastened 3 or more rollers on parallel axles, one
behind the other, which axles can be either firm or loose, but the middle roller or.
rollers must be deeper than those at the extremities, so that the middle roller (or
rollers) which is deeper touches the ground alone when put on a flat or plane surface
which surface cannot be touched with all the rollers at the same time, and this is
brought about by making the middle roller or rollers larger than the others, or raising
sufficiently the middle axle or axles, in which latter case the middle roller can be
made of any size.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING ORES OF NICKEL FOR THE PURPOSE OF OBTAINING NICKEL AND ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS OF NICKEL THEREFROM
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jethro Anstice Cossins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th December 1876. A communication
from abroad by George Horwood Cossins, of Melbourne, in the Colony of
Victoria.
JETHRO ANSTICE COSSINS, of Balsall Heath, King's Norton, in the County of
Worcester, Architect. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING ORES OF NICKEL FOR THE
PURPOSE OF OBTAINING NICKEL AND ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS OF NICKEL
THEREFROM."
The said Invention is especially applicable to the treatment of the ores of nickel
found in New Caledonia and elsewhere, consisting essentially of silicates of nickel,
magnesia, zinc, and iron. The said ores contain on an average about seven per cent.
of metallic nickel.
The said Invention consists essentially in processes having for their object,-
First. To break up the combination of the silica with the nickel by providing for
the silica a stronger base than the nickel.
Secondly. To present to the nascent nickel some body capable of forming an alloy
or chemical compound therewith, from which the nickel can be afterwards easily
separated.
Thirdly. To avoid as much as possible the reduction of metallic iron and its
consequent alloying with the nickel.
These objects are effected in the following manner:-The orc is mixed with
(say) twenty-five per cent. of soda salt (sulphate of soda being preferred), thirty
per cent. of limestone, twelve per cent. of charcoal (or in place of charcoal fifteen
per cent. of coal), and twenty per cent. of either oxide or sulphide of antimony.
This mixture is fused on the hearth of a reverberatory furnace.
When the fusion is complete the charge is skimmed and another charge is added,
and other charges are in succession added until a sufficient bath of the alloy is
collected. The furnace is tapped in the usual way. The alloy thus obtained
contains nearly the whole of the nickel originally contained in the ore, combined
with antimony.
.
In order to separate the nickel and antimony the alloy is melted in a crucible or
on the hearth of a reverberatory furnace with oxide of antimony. By this treat-

page_text: ment the nickel is completely oxidised out as a scoria, together with some antimony
oxide. The scoria so obtained is fused with sulphate of soda and charcoal; by this
treatment the antimony is obtained as " Kerines" mineral of oxysulphide of antimony,
and the nickel is pure sulphide of nickel. This sulphide can be treated by well
known processes for obtaining metallic nickel or alloy of nickel. By this method t
of treating the ore the iron is only reduced in small quantity, and only traces of it
are found in the nickel.
A NEW OPTICAL INSTRUMENT FOR PRODUCING DESIGNS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES, THE HINGE FORMING PART OF WHICH MAY BE USED IN OTHER APPLIANCES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ezra Hatton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th December 1876.
EZRA HATTON, of Alexandra Street, in the City of Manchester, Ornamental
Metal Worker. "A NEW OPTICAL INSTRUMENT FOR PRODUCING DESIGNS AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES, THE HINGE FORMING PART OF WHICH MAY BE USED IN OTHER
APPLIANCES."
My Invention has reference to the construction and employment of an instrument,
which I call a polygonous-scope, for producing and displaying an infinite number of
designs and patterns, which can be copied or photographed, and may be used for art,
manufacturers, for amusement, or for other purposes.
The instrument consists of two mirrors of any desired shape or size, fixed in and
protected by a case or frame of metal or any other suitable material; these mirrors
are connected together by means of a universal hinge, which is so arranged that the
mirrors can be set and fixed at any angle to produce any required design. One
of the mirrors is loose in its frame, and can be moved towards or from the other, so
that at whatever angle they may be fixed the edges of the mirrors can be made to
touch each other, thus preventing the pattern or design from being broken in the
centre.
The apparatus can be closed up in a portable form, similar to an ordinary pocket
book.
Patterns having any number of angles or sides may be produced by varying the
angles of the mirrors.
My improved hinge for connecting the frames of the mirrors consists of threo
joints, that is to say, one joint for each frame, and a centre joint on which the other
two hinge. By this means the frames can be opened to the full extent, and turned
back to any angle, and they can be folded close together. This hinge is applicable
to articles of furniture, and to other appliances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER OR RINK SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Allix at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th April 1876.
GEORGE ALLIX, of the Isle of Dogs, Shipwright, HENRY BARRETT, of Hampton,
Gentleman, and CHARLES GEORGE ELERS, of Holland Road, Kensington, Gentleman,
all in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER OR RINK SKATES."
This Invention consists in improvements in the construction of roller or rink
skates, whereby the cramping or inclining of the axles of the rollers is effected in a
more simple and efficient manner than hitherto, and without it being necessary to
tilt the footboard of the skate.
The improved skate is constructed with the usual footboard; at about the
middle of each side of the under part of the footboard we fix a swivel bolt or pivot,
these swivels or pivots carry two curved metal levers, the arms of such levers crossing
each other at either the toe or heel end of the skate. The brackets or bearings
carrying the axles of the rollers are pivotted to and carried by the toe and heel ends
of these levers respectively, the upper surface of the brackets bearing and working
against small friction rollers in the under side of the foot board. To the under side
of the foot board between the two arms of the levers which are not crossed we fix
a disc of vulcanized india-rubber forming a spring for keeping the levers in their
normal position, when moving in a straight line, and a suitable stop is provided for
limiting the extent of the movement of the levers antifriction rollers may be applied
to the axles.