IMPROVEMENTS IN SLATING ROOFs
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Groves, of Halton, near Leeds, in the County of
York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SLATING ROOFs."
Sealed the 0011. T 1070 and Intel the 10th 11070
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Groves at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th April 1878.
JOSEPH GROVES, of Halton, near Leeds, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SLATING ROOFS."
My Invention effects a great reduction in the cost of slating, greatly reduces the
number of slates required, making the roof more water-tight, added to this, the
slates are rendered more durable or lasting on account of almost the whole area of
the slate being utilized and exposed to the atmosphere.
In the ordinary way of slating, the roof having been prepared either with boards
or strips of wood, is covered by the slates in the following manner:―The slater
having provided himself with slips of wood, say, two and a half inches in width
and one inch thick on one side, and chamfered away to an aris on the other, nails
down the "tilting fillets." He next lays the caves, setting their lower edge to &
line. A bond is then made to the under side of the eave by placing another row
under so as to cross all the joints (this row of slates is entirely covered by the upper
layer) and is not nailed, but tightly pushed up and left dependent for support on
the pressure of those above them and their own weight; the slater then lays another
row of slates, crossing the joints of the other, and nails them down evenly; this
process is repeated until the whole roof is completed.
In my arrangement I dispense entirely with the lower layer of slates, and proceed
as hereafter described.
The first course of slates are laid side by side on the roof and nailed there; a
narrow strip of slate of the same depth of the aforesaid slate is provided underneath
to cross the joint of the slates. When this is done, one course is complete. The
next courses are laid in the same manner, lapping over each lower course as little
as possible, such lap varying in accordance with the angle of the roof.
Posing B71

page_text: By this arrangement it will be readily seen that the slates are easily laid and a
much less quantity per roof are required; also almost the entire area of the slate is
exposed to the atmosphere.
The joints are made tight or pointed with putty or cement, or good lime and hair
combined may be used in the ordinary way.
5
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Joseph Groves in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th October
1878.
JOSEPH GROVES, of Halton, near Leeds, in the County of York.
IN SLATING ROOFS."
"IMPROVEMENTS
My Invention effects a great reduction in the cost of slating, greatly reduces the
number of slates required, making the roof moro water-tight, added to this, the
slates are rendered more durable or lasting on account of almost the whole area of
the slate being utilized and exposed to the atmosphere.
In the ordinary way of slating, the roof having been prepared either with boards
or strips of wood, is covered by the slates in the following manner :-The slater
having provided himself with slips of wood, say, two and a half inches in width
and one inch thick on one side and chamfered away to an "aris" on the other,
nails down the "tilting" fillets. He next lays the eaves, setting their lower edge
to a line. A bond is then made to the under side of the eave by placing another
row under so as to cross all the joints (this row of slates is entirely covered by the
upper layer) and is not nailed but tightly pushed up and left dependent for support
on the pressure of those above them and their own weight; the slater then lays
another row of slates crossing the joints of the other, and nails them down evenly;
this process is repeated until the whole roof is completed.
In my arrangement I dispense entirely with the lower layer of slates, and proceed
as hereafter described.
The first course of slates are laid side by side on the roof and nailed there; a
narrow strip of slate of the same depth of the aforesaid slate is provided underneath
to cross the joint of the slates. When this is done, one course is complete. The
next courses are laid in the same manner, lapping over cach lower course as little
as possible, such lap varying in accordance with the angle of the roof.
By this arrangement it will be readily seen that the slates are easily laid and a
much less quantity per roof are required; almost the entire area of the slate is
exposed to the atmosphere.
The joints are made tight or pointed with putty or cement, or good lime and hair
combined may be used in the ordinary way.
And in order that my Invention may be more completely understood, reference
is given to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings and to the letters and marks
thereon.

page_text: Figure 1 represents a transverse section, Figure 2 a longitudinal section, Figure 3
a plan looking at the top of sufficient of a roof to illustrate the manner in which I
carry my Invention into effect.
Similar letters of reference refer to like parts in all the Figures.
a represents a portion of a roof; and b, the tilting fillets on which the slates are
placed and fastened with nails in the ordinary way.
In my arrangement I place a course of slates c side by side and nail them in
position shewn; a narrow slip & of the same depth as the slates c is placed under-
neath to cross the joints e; when this is done, one course is completed, and another
course of slates laid above the slates c as shewn, having also a narrow strip g crossing
its joints e and secured in the same manner as described for the first course.
next courses, which are marked with corresponding letters, are applied in the samo
manner, lapping over each lower course as shewn, such lap varying in accordance
with the angle of the roof.
The
It will be readily understood that by this arrangement a very much less number
of slates are required on a roof than when the ordinary system is employed, and on
account of the weight of the slates being much less thereon, a lighter construction
of roof may be employed; also by admitting air at i under the slates rotting is
prevented.
The joints h are made tight or pointed with putty or cement, or good lime and
hair combined may be used in the ordinary way.
Any convenient description of slates may be used, and the larger the slates the
greater the saving.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention and in what manner the
same is carried into effect, I do not confine myself to the precise form or shape
of the slates, or to the details as shewn and described, as the same may be varied
without departing from the Invention; but what I claim is, the slating of roofs with
slates laid side by side, and narrow slips placed underneath to cross or cover the
joints, arranged substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth,
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Groves, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Fourth day of October, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-eight.
TOSER GROVES (701