IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Lloyd Wise, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi,
in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FURNACES." A communication from abroad by Alexander Lyman Holley, of
Brooklyn, in the County of Kings, and State of New York, United States of
America
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Lloyd Wise at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd August 1876.
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES." A communication from abroad by
Alexander Lyman Holley, of Brooklyn, in the County of Kings, and State of New
York, United States of America.
It is well known that the earthen walls of vessels subjected to high temperatures,
such as metallurgical furnaces, may be more or less defended from the destructive
action of heat and corrosion by means of water jackets or water pipes placed upon
or in such walls. The earthen walls of such furnaces however in order to be self-
sustaining must frequently be of shapes which are more or less unsuited to the
operations which go on within the vessels; for instance, it is desirable that the roof of
an open hearth steel furnace should be shaped so as to perfectly and uniformly throw
the flame down upon the bath. In order however to be self-sustaining it is so
arched as to interfere with these functions.
This Invention consists in holding together and sustaining the walls and roofs of
furnaces by means of conduits for water, air, or spray, employed for cooling said
walls and roofs. I make these water, air, or spray conduits do the double duty of
holding up the wall and defending it against heat.
The first advantage of this Invention is that the walls may be shaped to suit the
operations going on in the furnace, as above explained.
A second advantage is that the walls may be made monolithic, and hence more
cheaply than if built up of bricks in the usual manner.
The Invention may be carried out in several forms.
In one arrangement a series of pipes forming arches and abutting by means of
collars against skewbacks span the hearth of the furnace, and have a tendency to
[Price 6d.

page_text: sustain the brick roof which is built around them. Water, air, or spray may be
admitted to each arch pipo by means of a cock and hose leading from a common
main.
When water is employed as the cooling medium oach arch pipe may discharge by
means of a syphon shaped pipo (which stands higher than the arch pipe, and so
keeps the latter full) and a common discharge trough.
In another form of the Invention a similar series of arch pipes form a kind of
frame, upon and around which a monolithic roof is consolidated, and by which the
roof is sustained and cooled. The roof may be made of any suitable refractory
material, such as the ganister used in Bessemer converters or silica with a little lime
as used for "silica" brick. The material being ground to sand and powder is
mixed with water until it is suitably plastic, and then rammed or otherwise formed
around the arch pipes and dried and glazed in the manner familiar to the users of
refractory materials.
Another form is as follows:-The water, air, or spray pipes in the roof form
tension members instead of arches, and are suspended from collars which are held
up by the shell of the furnace. Either a brick roof or a monolithic roof is sustained
by these tension pipes in any depending form that may be desired; or the
sustaining water pipes may run straight from side to side of the furnace, thus
forming girders. These girders may be sustained by hangers at intermediate points
between the sides of the furnace, and the conduits forming the girders may be
flattened to increase their vertical stiffness and to leave more space between the
conduits for refractory materials, and the conduits may run longitudinally or
diagonally or be interlaced, and details may be modified in various ways to suit
special cases.
The number of water, air, or spray pipes which may be necessary to sustain the
roof and to properly cool it, and also the rate of flow through the pipes will depend
ou the degree of heat employed, the character of the refractory material, the shape
and size of the roof, and the degree of heat which may be spared from the furnace,
all of which may be readily determined for each case.
For ordinary iron heating furnaces of six to eight feet width I profer for a.
monolithic roof two inch heavy wrought-iron pipes from six to nine inches apart.
I have mentioned that the use of water jackets and pipes to cool and preserve
furnace walls is well known, and I do not claim such use.
•
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Lloyd Wise in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 20th
February 1877.
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES." A communication from abroad by
Alexander Lyman Holley, of Brooklyn, in the County of Kings, and State of New
York, United States of America.
It is well known that the earthen walls of vessels subjected to high temperatures,
such as metallurgical furnaces may be more or less defended from the destructive
action of heat and corrosion by means of water jackets or water pipes placed upon
or in such walls. The earthen walls of such furnaces however in order to be self-
sustaining must frequently be of shapes which are more or less unsuited to the
operations which go on within the vessels; for instance, it is desirable that the roof
of an open hearth steel furnaces should be shaped so as to perfectly and uniformly
throw the flame down upon the bath. In order however to be self-sustaining it is
so arched as to interfere with these functions.
This Invention consists in holding together and sustaining the walls and roofs
of furnaces by means of conduits for water, air, or spray, employed for cooling said

page_text: walls and roois. I make these water, air, or spray conduits do the double duty of
holding up the wall and defending it against heat.
The first advantage of this Invention is that the walls may be shaped to suit the
operations going on in the furnace, as above explained.
A second advantage is that the walls may be made monolithic, and hence more
cheaply than if built up of bricks in the usual manner.
Several forms of my Invention are illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, in
which,
Figure 1 is a cross section of a part of the roof and side wall of a reverberatory
heating furnace.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of a part of the roof.
Fig. 3 is a cross section illustrating another form of the improvement; Fig. 4 is
a longitudinal section thereof.
Figs. 5 and 6 are transverse sections illustrating different forms of the water
tubes.
Fig. 7 is a plan of the roof partly in section.
Fig. 8 is a longitudinal section of a roof of another form illustrating the Inven-
tion; Fig. 9 is a plan of the same.
A series of pipes C, C, forming arches and abutting by means of collars N against
the skewbacks H span the hearth of the furnace, and have a tendency to sustain
the brick roof A which is built around them. Water, air, or spay may be admitted
to each arch pipe C by means of a cock J and hose G leading from the common
main F, as shewn in Fig. 3.
When water is employed as the cooling medium each arch pipe C, Fig. 1, may
discharge by means of the pipo D (which stands higher than the arch pipe, and so
keeps the latter full) and the common discharge trough E.
Figs. 3 and 4 represent another form of the improvement in which a similar
series of arch pipes C form a kind of frame, upon and around which a monolithic
roof is consolidated, and by which the roof is sustained and cooled. The roof may
be made of any suitable refractory material, such as the ganister used in Bessemer
converters, or silica with a little lime, as used for "silica" brick. The material being
ground to sand and powder is mixed with water until it is suitably plastic, and then
rammed or otherwise formed around the arch pipes and dried and glazed in the
manner familiar to the users of refractory materials.
Fig. 8 shews another form of the improvement; the water, air, or spray pipes K
in the roof form tension members instead of arches, and are suspended from tho
collars L which are held up by the shell of the furnace. Either a brick roof like
that shewn by Fig. 1, or a monolithic roof like that shewn by Fig. 3 is sustained by
these tension pipes in any depending form that may be desired; or the sustaining
water pipes may run straight from side to side of the furnace, thus forming girders.
These girders may be sustained by hangers at intermediate points between the
sides of the furnace, and the conduits forming the girders may be flattened, as shewn
at Fig. 6, to increase their vertical stiffness and to leave more space between the con-
duits for refractory materials, and the conduits may run longitudinally or diagonally,
or be interlaced, and details may be modified in various ways to suit special cases.
The number of water, air, or spray pipes, which may be necessary to sustain the
roof and to properly cool it, and also the rate of flow through the pipes will depend
on the degree of heat employed, the character of the refractory material, the shape
and size of the roof, and the degree of heat which may be spared from the furnace,
all of which may be readily determined for each case.
For ordinary iron heating furnaces of six to eight feet width I prefer for a
monolithic roof two inch heavy wrought-iron pipes from six to nine inches apart.
I have mentioned that the use of water jackets and pipes to cool and preserve
furnace walls is well known, and I do not claim such use.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention and the manner of
performing it as communicated to me, as aforesaid, I hereby declare that what I
claim as new theroin and secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters

page_text: Patent is, the combination with a furnace wall or roof of a structure for sustaining
said wall or roof constituting a water, air, or spray conduit for cooling the same,
substantially as described.
:
I
In witness whereof, I, the said William Lloyd Wise, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
Witness,
F. J. BROUGHAM.
W. LLOYD WISE. (L.S.)