Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 5th July, 1886.
Complete Left, 4th Apr., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 6th May, 1887.
We, ROBERT TERVET, Oil Works Manager, and FRANOIS ALISON, Paraffin Refiner,
both of Clippens Oil Works in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, do hereby
declare the nature of this Invention to be as follows, that is to say :-
Our said Invention has for its objects to improve the process and apparatus employed
in treating and purifying paraffin wax, to diminish the manual labor required, and to
reduce the cost of the apparatus.
In carrying out our Invention we take the crude paraffin scale after it has been
subjected to hydraulic pressure in the usual way and melt it and run it either into
stationary vessels from which it is transferred when solidified into the sweating stove;
or we run it into vessels fixed on a framing which is mounted on wheels and is run
upon rails into the sweating stove. We employ what is known as the sweating process
for the complete purification of the paraffin from the crude condition of green scale
to the condition of finished wax; and we find that by suitably heating the paraffin in
the stoves not only are the constituents of low melting point liquefied and drained off
but that they also carry with them the impurities which color the crude paraffin.
When working with stationary vessels these are long shallow vessels placed one
above the other and at one end close to the sweating stove. Openings are made
through the end walls of the stove at the end of each shallow vessel and within the
stove inclined shelves are fixed in such positions as to be as it were continuations of
the external vessels. The melted crude paraffin is run into the external vessels upon
cocoa matting or other suitable matting or upon canvas bands. If canvas bands are
used, cocoa or other suitable matting is attached to the ends of the bands and is drawn
under the paraffin after it has solidified. The matting with the solidified paraffin on
it is drawn into the sweating stove so as to lie upon the inclined shelves and then the

page_text: heat of the stove liquefies the constituents of low melting point and they drain off
down the inclined shelves and are led by suitable ducts to receptacles. "When the
paraffin has been sufficiently operated upon the matting carrying it is drawn out of
the stove at the end opposite to that at which it entered; and whilst one charge is
"being operated on in the stove a fresh charge is run into the external vessels and is
allowed to solidify so that it may be drawn into the stove at the time when the previous
charge is being drawn out.
When working with vessels upon carriages we employ an endless line of rails
arranged so that the carriages may enter the sweating stove at one end and leave it at
the other end, passing thence to the place where the treated paraffin is removed from
the vessels or pans, and then reentering the filling chamber or compartment at the end
opposite to that from which the freshly filled vessels or pans are conveyed to the
sweating stove. The vessels or pans have to be inclined when in the stove to allow of
the drainage of the constituents liquefied by the heat; and the necessary inclination
may be given either by placing one of the rails higher than the other within the stove
so as to slightly tilt the carriages, or by arranging the parts of the frames supporting
the vessels or pans so that they can be adjusted in a manner to make the vessels or
pans level when being filled and inclined when in the stove.
The arrangements and mode of working last hereinbefore described may be carried
out advantageously with pans and other parts of the kinds at present in use. For
either mode of working the building and plant required for dealing with a given
quantity of material will be considerably less than what has hitherto been used.
Dated this Third day of July 1886.
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicants' Agent. 2.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Treating and Purifying Paraffin Wax and in
Apparatus therefor.
We, ROBERT TERVET, Oil Works Manager, and FRANCIS ALISON, Paraffin Refiner,
both of Clippens Oil Works, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement, that is
to say -
Our said Invention has for its objects to improve the process and apparatus
employed in treating and purifying paraffin wax, to diminish the manual labor
required, and to reduce the cost of the apparatus.
In carrying out our Invention we take the crude paraffin scale after it has been
subjected to hydraulic pressure in the usual way, and melt it and run it either into
stationary vessels from which it is transferred when solidified into the sweating stove ;
or we run it into vessels fixed on a framing which is mounted on wheels and is run
upon rails into the sweating stove. We employ what is known as the sweating
process for the complete purification of the paraffin from the crude condition of green
scale into the condition of finished wax; and we find that by suitably heating the
paraffin in the stoves not only are the constituents of low melting point liquefied and
drained off but that they also carry with them the impurities which color the crude
paraffin.
When working with stationary vessels we employ apparatus of the kind shown on
sheets, 1, and 2, of the five accompanying sheets of explanatory drawings. Figures, 1,
and 2, sheet, 1, are a sectional plan and a sectional side elevation, and figures, 3, and 4,
sheet 2, are an end elevation and a transverse vertical section of the apparatus, which
comprises a stove, A, of simple form built with parallel side walls and a slightly
arched roof, the ends being closed by vertical plates, B, C, made with horizontal slots
or openings, D, for introducing and removing the paraffin and with doors to give
access to the interior. The apparatus also comprises external framings, E, supporting
a number of shallow vessels or trays, F, and extending from one end of the stove, A,
for a length about equal to that of the stove which may be fifty feet or other convenient
length. The external framings, E, consist of vertical T-section iron bars connected
by rods which support the long pans, F. The melted crude paraffin is run into these
external pans, F, upon bands of cotton canvas or other suitable material these bands
being a little longer than the trays and being laid along the bottoms of the pans
before the melted paraffin is run in. After the paraffin has been run into the external
pans, F, it is allowed to cool and solidify, and, then the bands with the solidified
paraffin on them are drawn into the stove, A, through the slots in the end, B.

page_text: When the apparatus is fully at work there will be a set of bands with paraffin on
them in the stove, A, and when the paraffin on them has been sufficiently treated in
the stove they are drawn out through the slots, D, at the end, C, opposite to the end, B,
at which they entered, and when being so drawn out their back ends are attached to
the front ends of the next set of bands which have been receiving fresh paraffin
in the external pans, F, so that the latter are at the same time drawn into the stove.
To facilitate the drawing of the bands as described there are rollers, G, on framings, H,
beyond the outer ends of the external pans, F, over which rollers the bands are drawn
into those pans, their front ends being attached to the back ends of the bands which
are being drawn from the external pans into the stove. There are also guiding rollers
on framings, J, between the inner ends of the external pans, F, and the end, B, of the
stove, whilst to facilitate the passage of the bands out of the external pans, F, the
bottoms of the pans are inclined as shown at, K, at the ends near the stove. Two
vertical sets of guide rollers, L, M, are provided at the other end, C, of the stove, one
set being inside and the other outside the stove to guide the bands when passing
through the slots, D, in the end, C. And on the framing of the outer rollers, M,
winch details, N, are provided for drawing out and winding up the bands, each band
being drawn out separately. As each band turns downwards from the roller, M,
towards the winch, N, the paraffin is delivered off its surface into a shoot, P, which
guides down into any suitable receptacle.
Inside of the stove, A, the bands carrying the paraffin are received and rest upon a
series of shelves, Q, which are fixed on brackets, R, and which are inclined downwards
from the sides towards the middle of the stove, and are also made with a slight
longitudinal inclination so as to be lowest midway between the ends. These shelves, Q,
are made of corrugated sheet metal the corrugations being small and running trans-
versely; and wooden rails are fixed along their upper and lower edges to guide the
bands, whilst gutters, S, are fixed along their lower edges to receive the liquified
matters which draining from the paraffin pass through the canvas bands, and down
the corrugations of the shelves, Q, to the gutters, S. These gutters, S, deliver the
matters from their lowest points into vertical pipes, T, and thence into a gutter, U,
extending along the middle of the floor of the stove. The stove is heated by means of
steam pipes, V, laid along the floor.
When working with vessels on carriages we employ apparatus of the kind shown
on sheets, 3, 4, and 5, of the accompanying explanatory drawing. Figure, 5, on
sheet, 3, is a sectional plan of a building comprising two stove compartments and
two cooling compartments. Figure, 6, on sheet, 4, is a transverse vertical section
corresponding to figure, 5, and figure, 7, is a sectional side elevation. Figures, 8, 9,
and 10, on sheet, 5, are enlarged views of one of the carriages. In the arrangement
shown in these figures two endless lines, a, of rails are arranged so that on each line,
carriages, b, may enter a sweating stove, c, at one end and leave it at the other end,
passing thence to the compartment, d, in which the treated paraffin is removed from
the vessels or pans, e, and fresh paraffin is run into them. When filled the carriages, b,
pass out of the compartment, d, at the end opposite to that at which they entered and
proceed again to the sweating stove, c.
The vessels or pans, e, have to be inclined when in the stove, c, to allow of the
drainage of the constituents liquefied by the heat; and the necessary inclination may
be given either by placing one of the rails higher than the other within the stove, c,
so as to slightly tilt the carriages, b, or by arranging the parts of the frames supporting
the vessels, or pans, e, so that they can be adjusted in a manner to make the vessels or
pans level when being filled and inclined when in the stove. The arrangement last
herein before indicated is adopted in the modification shown in the drawings, figures, 8,
and 10, being enlarged end elevations of one of the carriages, b, and figure, 9, an
enlarged side elevation. The pans, e, rest on frames, f, which at one side of the
carriage are pivoted to the vertical bars, g, of the framing, whilst at the other side of
the carriage they are pivoted to vertical bars, h, placed within the framing bars, j, at
that side. The inner vertical bars, h, are movable vertically, and when sustained in.

page_text: their highest position by chocks, k, or in any other convenient manner, they keep the
pans, e, level, as shown in figures, 8, and 9; and when the chocks, k, are withdrawn
the pans, e, assume the inclined position as shown in figure, 10. Discharge spouts, m,
for the liquefied matters are fitted to those sides of the pans, e, which are lowermost
when in the stove; and are closed with plugs when the melted paraffin is being run
into the pans.
For
The arrangements and mode of working last hereinbefore described may be carried
out advantageously with pans and other parts of the kinds at present in use.
either of our improved modes of working the building and plant required for dealing
with a given quantity of material will be considerably less than what has hitherto
been used.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we claim is :—
1-The improved system or mode of treating or purifying paraffin wax in which
the pressed crude paraffin is melted and run into external stationary vessels from
which when solidified it is transferred upon bands into the sweating stove substantially
as hereinbefore described.
2-The arranging or combining together of apparatus for treating or purifying
paraffin wax substantially in the improved manner hereinbefore described with
reference to figures, 1, to 4, of the accompanying drawings.
3-The improved system or mode of treating or purifying paraffin wax in which the
pressed crude paraffin is melted and run, outside of the sweating stove, into vessels
upon one or more carriages which when the paraffin has solidified are moved on rails
into the sweating stove, substantially as hereinbefore described.
4-The arranging or combining together of apparatus for treating or purifying
paraffin wax substantially in the improved manner hereinbefore described with
reference to figures, 5, to 10, of the accompanying drawings.
D
..
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicants' Agent.