IMPROVEMENTS IN WELDING AND ROLLING METALS, AND IN MACHINERY CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Griffith Brewer, of the Firm of Willcock
and Brewer, of 89, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, and
24, Market Place, in the City of Manchester, Engineers and Patent
Agents, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WELDING AND ROLLING
METALS, AND IN MACHINERY CONNECTED THEREWITH."-A communication
from abroad by Michel Helson, of Hammont. France.
Scaled the 24th July 1863, and dated the 30th April 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Griffith Brewer
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 30th April 1863.
I, EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER, of the Firm of Willcock and Brewer, of
$89, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, and 24, Market Place, in
the City of Manchester, Engineers and Patent Agents, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WELDING AND ROLLING
METALS, AND IN MACHINERY CONNECTED THEREWITH," (a communication from
abroad by Michel Helson, of Hammont, France,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, first, in the instantaneous welding of a mass of iron
or steel in such manner as to be capable of being welded in every part, and in
welding longitudinal joints of several bars or bands of rough rolled iron, as
hereafter described. The bars or bands are placed at the side of one another,
so as to form the top and bottom of a mass or piece. The joints are welded
by means of key grooves with sides, which are adapted to and inserted in the

page_text: cylinders of an ordinary rolling mill, so as to form corresponding sides or
projections on and below the mass of metal, by preference opposite the joints.
The sides are driven in the grooves, and the longitudinal welding is accomplished
without any point of junction being visible.
The Invention consists, secondly, in the employment of balance levers, by
preference two for raising the top horizontal cylinder, so as to regulate and
lower the upper cylinder between two rollers or vertical cylinders, according
to the requirements of the work.
Third, in the employment of two rollers or pressing cylinders, which are
placed vertically between the journals of two horizontal cylinders, one to the
right and the other to the left, and in the same axis, so that the four points of
contact (génératrices) of the working cylinders are always in the same plane.
The distance between the two horizontal cylinders is regulated by the vertical
cylinders.
Fourth, in the employment of conical gearing in connection with the lower
part of each vertical cylinder. The horizontal cylinders have wheels of similar
size keyed to each side in gear with those on the vertical cylinders, and thus
when the rolling mill is at work the four cylinders have the same speed, and
the compression of the mass is thus simultaneously effected.
Fifth, in the employment of grooved upper and lower cylinders so as to
form on and below the mass sides or projections of an undulated form which
being driven back in the following course causes the welding of the longitudinal
joints. Grooves may be made in all the cylinders, and with or without lateral
compressors.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed 2
by the said Edward Griffith Brewer in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 30th October 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
Griffith Brewer, of the Firm of Willcock and Brewer, of 89, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, and 24, Market Place, in the City of 3
Manchester, Engineers and Patent Agents, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Edward Griffith Brewer, ITer special licence that I, the said Edward

page_text: Griffith Brewer, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Edward Griffith Brewer, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WELDING AND ROLLING METALS, AND IN MACHINERY CONNECTED
THEREWITH," (communicated to me from abroad by Michel IIelson, of
Hammont, France,) upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Edward Griffith Brewer, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Griffith Brewer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings,
that is to say:-
This Invention consists in welding bars of iron or steel, as hereafter
described, so as to form bars of iron or steel of large dimensions perfectly
hemogeneous. For this purpose the cylinders of the rolling mill are corrugated
or fitted on their external circumference with projections, which compress the
longitudinal joints of the bars forming the mass, and force them to become
welded one with the other, when the mass heated to a convenient temperature
is passed between the said cylinders. In order to keep the mass laterally at
the time the pressure is applied to produce the welding, the rolling mill is
provided with rollers set vertically, and on the sides laterally, and tanjent with
the end of the said rolling cylinders. These vertical rollers are intended to
keep the metal on the side, and to prevent it from escaping laterally under
the effect of the strong pressure it receives while passing between the cylinders;
the bars are by this means welded one to the other in every direction, and a
homogeneous mass is obtained.
The employment of lateral and vertical rollers while holding the metal on
the side also facilitates the drawing motion produced by the action of the
rolling cylinders when at their maximum pressure, for the toothed wheels are
so arranged that the lateral rollers have the same speed imparted to them as
the cylinders of the rolling mill. The result is, that the mass is simultaneously

page_text: subjected to pressure in all parts at one and the same time, an extremely
important feature in forming good weldings. The combination of a rolling
mill with corrugated or horizontal grooved cylinders and lateral rollers set
vertically is an improvement which may be also applied to a rolling mill con-
structed essentially in a similar manner, but with horizontal cylinders without
projections or corrugations. This latter rolling mill is intended to receive the
mass issuing from the first rolling mill either without being reheated, if it is
sufficiently hot, or after being again subjected to heat. During the passage
of the mass through the second rolling mill the projections produced by
the first are removed, and thus the welding of all the parts is ensured.
In the accompanying Drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical section, taken
through the centre of one of two frames or standards, and perpendicular to
the axis of the rolling cylinders; and Figure 2 is another vertical section,
taken perpendicularly to Figure 1, and parallel with the axes of the cylinders;
Figure 3 is a plan, Figure 4 is a vertical section and a bottom view, of one of
the vertical and lateral rollers to the rolling cylinders; and Figure 6 shows on
a larger scale a portion of the grooves composing the rolling cylinders. The
same letters of reference refer to like parts in all the Figures.
A, A, are the frames or standards of the machine; B is a horizontal grooved
cylinder, by preference of cast iron, mounted on a metal shaft; C is the lower
horizontal cylinder, similar to the cylinder B, but the shaft on which it is
mounted carries toothed wheels in gear with those on the compressing
rollers E; D is a lever for raising the upper cylinder; E, E, are vertical and
lateral rollers at the ends of the relling cylinders, which are caused to act
against the side of the mass through the conical gearing; F is a lower carriage
fitted with a shaft for carrying the vertical rollers E; G is an upper carriage,
in which the end of the shaft of the lower carriage enters; II, Figure 6, is a
detached view of a portion of one of the rolling cylinders, showing the grooves
on an enlarged scale, and it is to the action of these that the mass of metal is
subjected as it passes between the rollers, on issuing from which it passes
between rollers with even surfaces to remove the undulations produced by the
grooved rollers, as before describeil.
The rolling mills with compressing rollers, before described, are particularly
adapted to the welding of masses of metal, and for manufacturing therefrom
wide plates of fine iron, sheet iron, armour plates, and the like. The welding
is effected equally over all the parts produced by the lateral pressure of the
rollers, the projections being removed by the next course through the machine.
The pressure obtained from the lateral rollers produces a perfect weld, even
when the cylinders are not grooved.

page_text: Figures 7 and 8 are views in plan and elevation respectively of a rolling
mill fitted with rollers having an alternate motion imparted to them, whereby
the work is rendered continuous. By this arrangement the welding and rolling
is effected simultaneously. A mill fitted in this manner is capable of rapidly
rolling puddled and rough iron, and even the waste or scrap of rough iron is
pressed simultaneously on all parts at once, a great pressure is obtained
throughout the mass without the metal being liable to crack or flaw; the
operation is quickly effected, the metal is well welded, is very homogeneous
and fine. This metal is very applicable to the manufacture of rails for rail-
ways. I is a shaft forming the upper cylinder, and carrying. steel rings;
J', J, are rings keyed to the shaft I, while the rings J, J, are loose on the
sane shaft, in order that they may be employed for raising the upper cylinder,
and at the same time for facilitating the taking to pieces of the apparatus.
The shaft is in some cases coupled to the frame, in which case the second
portion of the shaft is driven by gearing O at its end. K' is a shaft forming
the lower cylinder; this, as in the previous case, is sometimes coupled to the
frame, and is united thereto by a clutch, which also forms a trunnion. This
shaft carries rings, to which on both sides conical wheels are fixed for
drawing the rollers or to be driven by the latter as desired. L' and L³ are
rings fixed on the shaft, and drive the rollers N1, N2, N3, and N, and a conical
gearing keyed on the same shaft drives the roller N, while the rollers
N, N, N, No, drive the rings Land I, which being thus driven and movablo
on the shaft K, run in the reverse direction to that of the rings L', L³, and by
this means an alternate motion is given to each groove. A toothed wheel O is
fixed to the end of the shaft K, and imparts motion to another wheel of the
same diameter keyed to the end of the upper shaft. T is the frame or
standards of the machine in which the trunnions of the cylinders or upper and
lower shafts are fitted, as well as the trunnions of the rollers N1,3,4,5
These rollers carry at their base conical toothed wheels. P is a conical
toothed wheel fixed to each end of the rings L,,, & Q is a conical
gearing driving the rollers N; R is the franie for supporting the shafts of the
driving pinions; S are pinions fitted to the upper and lower cylinders for com-
municating motion to the shafts 1 and K. In the plan, Figure 8, the arrows
indicate the direction in which the parts move. The rollers may be driven by
the shaft or upper cylinder I, and for this purpose the position of the parts in
this machine is reversed. The rollers may also be driven by two shafts at
once, in which case double conical toothed wheels are fitted to the rollers at
top and bottom, it is the same for the upper rings, which have conical wheels
at each side; in the latter case all the rings will be driven, while, as shown in

page_text: Figures 7 and 8, the rings J and J' are loose and move as the mass of metal
advances.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the saine is to be performed, I declare that I claim,--
First, the employment in mills for rolling metals of compressing rollers,
constructed and acting substantially as herein-before described and illustrated
in the accompanying Drawings.
Second, the employment in mills for rolling metals of corrugated, ribbed, or
grooved cylinders in combination with compressing rollers, as herein-before
described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Third, the method herein-before described of mounting the compressing
rollers.
Fourth, driving the compressing rollers so as to impart to them the
same speed as the rolling cylinders, substantially in manner berein-before
described.
Fifth, the construction of mills for rolling metals, whereby the work is
rendered continuous and the motions reversed, all substantially in manner
herein-before described with reference to Figures 7 and 8 of the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Griffith Brewer, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of August, Oue thousand eight
hundred and sixty-three.