IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CUTTER HEADS AND CUTTERS OP CYLINDRICAL WOOD PLANING MACHINES.
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John More, of the City and County of New York,
State of New York, in the United States of America, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CUTTER HEADS AND CUTTERS OP
CYLINDRICAL WOOD PLANING MACHINES.
"
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said John More at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declaration,
on the 22nd September 1870, pursuant to the 9th Section of the
Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
MORE, of the City and County of New York, State of New York, in the
United States of America, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CUTTER HEADS AND CUTTERS OF CYLINDRICAL WOOD PLANING MACHINES," and
have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors, ad-
ministrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and
have made solemn Declaration that I am the true and first Inventor
thereof.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John More, do hereby declare that
the following Complete Specification, under my hand and seal, fully
describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following
statement:-
I cast the cutter head with regularly warped or twisted seats on its
exterior for the cutters, and having forged or otherwise produced the
cutters in a corresponding form, secure them firmly thereon by bolts
which allow them to be set forward and backward to adjust their relative
depths of cut, as also to provide for their being moved forward by degrees
as their edges are ground away. The cutter shaft and its connections
may be mounted and driven in all respects in the ordinary manner.
There may be more than one cutter shaft in the same machine, and one
only or both may be thus constructed.
The obliquity of the knives may be varied. I prefer about the
extent of skew represented in the accompanying Drawing which form
a part of this Specification.
Figure 1 is a general view of the cutter head with the cutter mounted,
and Figure 2 is a general view of the cutter shaft and head alone with-
out the cutters or their screw bolts; Figure 3 is a cross section on the
line S, S, in Figure 1; and Figure 4 is a perspective view showing the
relation of this peculiar cutter head and its adjuncts to the feed rolls and
to the other parts of a cylindrical planing machine. Similar letters of
reference indicate like parts in all the Figures.
Referring to the Drawing, A is the head, and A³, A¹, the warped or
twisted surface on which the cutters are screwed; B, B, are the twisted
or warped cutters; and C, C, are bolts which are tapped strongly into
the material of the head, and standing in slots as represented allow
the cutters to be set forward and backward as is necessary to adjust
them properly.
To grind my cutters truly I can support the shaft temporarily in
fixed or movable bearings adjacent to the grindstone, and can turn the
head A and its connections either rapidly or slowley so as to present all
parts of the edges in the right position to the stone. I can face the
sides of the cutter by holding them separately on the stone by hand,
either before or after, thus producing the proper spiral contour of the
edge.

page_text: I have had one head with a set of these cutters in successful
operation several weeks, and believe that with a little experience any
ordinarily good mechanic will find no trouble in constructing the parts and
in keeping them in good condition. The edge being presented to the
wood with a drawing cut causes it to plane smoothly.
I can with my improved cutter head take off a larger shaving or
reduce the thickness of the lumber to a greater extent at a single
operation and leave the wood much smoother than with any of the
ordinary cutters and cutter heads which I have ever used or seen used.
The great mass of the shavings or chips are thrown obliquely to one side
where they produce no difficulty.
I propose to make these cutter heads by skilled workmen and to
supply them to manufacturers of machines, or they may be introduced
into machines already in use. I propose to make two kinds, one right-
handed and one left-handed, so as to throw the chips to the right hand
or to the left-hand side of the machine, according as the machine shall
chance to be located relatively to the steam boiler or to the spout or
other means through which the shavings are discharged.
In Figure 4 of the Drawings M represents the general framework of
the machine, and B¹, B², a pair of feeding rolls driven slowly by proper
belts or other connections from the operating power.
The Drawing represents the novel parts with so much of the ordinary
parts as is necessary to indicate their relation thereto.
"
The feeding mechanism and also the provisions for raising and
lowering the cutter shaft and for adapting the feeding rolls and dis-
charging rolls to operate on thick and thin stuff, and the several
other details of the mechanism may be of the ordinary character
necessary for the so called "Woodworth or cylindrical planing machine.
I find an appreciable saving in power to result from its use. The
machine planes two feet wide and feeds at the rate of forty feet per
minute. I can plane smoothly cross-grained and other wood which
could not be planed nearly as smooth with the ordinary cutters. I can
plane off a half inch at a single cut from a wide board or plank of oak,
ash, or walnut.
I have not discovered any difficulty attending the use of this
Invention. I had anticipated a tendency to run the board or other
lumber to one side, but do not detect any in practice.

page_text: The planer in which I am using the improved head and cutters
requires with a common head and cutters about fifteen horse-
power. It requires with the improved head and cutters about eight
horse-p
-power under the same conditions and doing the same but better
work.
Having now fully described my Invention, with what I consider the
best means of carrying it into effect, I claim as new the cutter head A
herein described, in combination with corresponding cutters B, and
feeding mechanism B', B³, arranged for joint operation as and for the
purposes herein set forth and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John More, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, on this Fifth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
Witness,
THOMAS DREW STETSON,
Patent Agent,
New York.
JOHN MORE. (L.S.)