INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY, AND ASSURING THE SMOOTH WORKING OF PUMPS
Year: 1885

page_text: JAMES JOHN PEARSON, Mechanical Engineer, of 21 St. Thomas Street New-
castle-on-Tyne, also TOM HENRY TAYLOR, Mechanical Engineer, of 17 Meldon
Terrace, Newcastle-on-Tyne, do hereby declare the nature of our invention for
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY, AND ASSURING THE SMOOTH WORKING OF PUMPS to
be as follows: —
(A) Supplying an air cushion between liquid in pump barrel and head or delivery
valve, (B) Exhausting air, other gasses or vapour which cumulating between
liquid in pump barrel and head or delivery valve impairs pumps efficiency, and
consisting in a valve box through which a cock-plug (hereafter called controlling
cock) having suitable way's, or ports is fitted. In convenient position at side or sides
of valve box, passages are formed communicating at one end with controlling cock,
and at the other with atmosphere or drain pipe through valve or valves (A) which
inlet air, or through valve or valves (B) which outlet air, other gasses, or vapour.
In operation, the valve box having been secured to pump in any suitable manner
so that there is passage communicating between interior of pump barrel and con-
trolling cock. (I) The controlling cock may be moved round so that its way's or
ports open a through communication between interior of pump barrel and inlet
valve or valves (A)-(II) The controlling cock may be moved round so that its
way's or ports open a through communication between interior of pump barrel and
outlet valve or valves (B)-(III) The controlling cock may be moved round so that
its way's or ports by being intermediate between all orifices close all communication
between interior of pump barrel, and atmosphere or drain pipe.

page_text: We, JAMES JOHN PEARSON of 22 Milton Street Shield Field and TOM HENRY
TAYLOR of Norwood House Heaton both in Newcastle upon Tyne and County of
Northumberland Mechanical Engineers do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
"
This Invention relates to a new or improved apparatus or "Reversible Relief
for Pumps and has for its object to relieve the shock load or stress upon the pumps
to which it may be applied arising from the absence of an air cushion in one case,
or in the opposite case to permit the discharge of accumulated air, gas or other
expansible fluids, or in other words to combine in one apparatus a common cock, a
pet cock or valve and an air or snifting valve.
These Improvements consist in the construction and adaptation or arrangement
of a valve box or casing through or within which is a single controlling cock plug
capable of being rotated from the outside of the box or casing and having formed
therein suitable ways or ports.
In the valve box or casing passages or openings are formed communicating
respectively with a screwed or flanged nozzle and with the atmosphere or by a
drain pipe to any convenient position capable of communicating also with the ports
or ways in the cock plug. The passage or passages communicating with the atmo-
sphere is or are so constructed and arranged that all communications between the
interior of the pump and the atmosphere through the passage or passages must also
be made through a ball, mushroom, or other suitable form of non-return valve or
valves. The valve box is attached by its screwed flanged or equivalent nozzle to
the pump, barrel, or chamber in such a manner that there is a clear opening or
passage from the interior of the pump barrel or chamber to the controlling cock.
plug.
And in order that this our said Invention may be more readily understood and
carried into practical effect we have hereunto appended a sheet of Drawings having
the Figures thereon marked with letters and figures to denote the various parts
and reference being hereinafter had thereto.
Figs. 1 and 3 represent in section two forms of the apparatus constructed
according to these Improvements. Figs. 2 and 4 represent the respective external
reverse views of Figs. 1 and 3. In Fig. 1 A is an air inlet valve, B is an air outlet
valve, C is a cock plug, D, the valve box or casing, E the nozzle by which the
apparatus is attached to the pump barrel or chamber, H is a handle for rotating C,
1, 2 and 3 are the ways or ports in the plug and 1° 2° and 3 are the openings in
the valve box or casing. Corresponding parts in Fig. 2 are indicated by similar
letters. When the plug occupies the position shown in Fig. 1 there is direct com.
munication between the pump barrel and the outlet valve B.
If from any cause,
such as working with hot feed water, there is any accumulation of air gas or
vapour, this will be swept out or removed through 1ª, 1, 3, 3* and B to the atmo-
sphere. If again there is a want of some compressible medium between the
pump

page_text: barrel and the delivery valve or valves the plug cock may be turned by its handle H
so as to put 1° into communication through 2 and the inlet valve A to the atmo-
sphere. In this position it acts as a snifting valve so far as to permit the admission
of air but prevents escape of air or water on the return stroke. By a further
motion of the valve, bringing 3 to 1ª the apparatus will operate precisely as a
common cock, since both A and B will then be in open communication with 1* and
the atmosphere. By giving the handle a half turn from the last described position
1 will be closed and the valves A and B may be removed for cleaning or other
purposes without opening the pump chamber up to direct communication with the
atmosphere as happens in clearing ordinary valves.
In Fig. 3 the mushroom valve B contained within the cock plug O performs the
functions of the valves A and B Fig. 1. D, is the valve box or casing, H the handle
for rotating the plug C, and E is a nozzle for attaching the apparatus to the pump
chamber. The valve B becomes an inlet or outlet valve for the admission or escape
of air according as the handle is turned in one direction or the other. In the
position represented in Fig. 4, B acts as an outlet valve and lifts as a consequence
of the difference between the internal and the external pressures. By turning the
handle in the opposite direction B becomes an inlet valve operating in an analogous
manner.
This arrangement or combination is sufficient for most purposes but it has the
disadvantage that the valve in the plug must be removed before the apparatus can
be used as an ordinary cock.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this our said
Invention and in what manner the same may be performed, we declare that
what we claim is:
(1) The construction and arrangement of reversible relief valves for pumps
substantially as and for the purposes herein before described.
(2) As a reversible relief valve for pumps the combination of the controlling
plug C, with the valve box or casing D having three openings or passages 1* 2ª
and 3 the inlet valve A and the outlet valve B, substantially as hereinbefore set
forth and described and as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying
Drawings..
(3) As a reversible relief valve for pumps, the combination of the controlling
plug C with the valve B and the box or casing D, substantially as hereinbefore
set forth and as illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4 of the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings.