A NEW METHOD OF MANUFACTURING PIPES FOR THE CONVEYANCE OF WATER, GAS, AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1825

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
BAGSHAW, of Newcastle-under-Lyne, in the County of Stafford, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Eighth day of August, in the sixth year of His reign, did,
for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto the said Samuel
Bagshaw His especial licence, that I, the said Samuel Bagshaw, my exors,
admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Samuel Bagshaw, my exors,
adñiors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales,
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "A NEW METHOD OF
MANUFACTURING PIPES FOR THE CONVEYANCE OF WATER, GAS, AND OTHER FLUIDS;"
in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said
Samuel Bagshaw, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, par-
ticularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled
in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within two calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as
in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Samuel Bagshaw, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described
and ascertained in and by the Drawing hereunto annexed, and the following
description thereof (that is to say) :-
:―
"My said Invention of a new Method of Manufacturing Pipes for the Con-
veyance of Water, Gas, and other Fluids, consists in forming the said pipes of a
continued or lengthened combination of two or more thicknesses of earthenware
tubes of different diameters, placed either within or surrounding each other, as
the case may be, and having a layer or layers of cement interposed between
the said several thicknesses of tubes, as well as between the cross joints of the
tubes forming the said combined pipes, and which said cross joints I make to
break joint (as it is termed in brick-laying) as much as possible; and I hereby
claim as my
Invention any and every mode by which such combined pipes can
be formed. As, however, it is desirable that I should afford an example of a
method of carrying my said Invention into effect, I shall proceed to do so by a
reference to and a description of the Drawing, which as aforesaid is annexed to
this Specification; in which said Drawing Fig. 1 represents a wooden roller,
around which I wrap a portion of clay more than sufficient for the thickness of
the intended tube, the edges of the clay meeting together the roller coated with
clay. I then place within the hollow of the lower part of the cast-iron
cylindrical mould, Fig. 2, which is formed in halves, the lower part having four
holes a, a, a, a, in it to receive as many pins b, b, b, b, which are affixed in the
upper part and serve to guide the two parts accurately into their corresponding
places. I then submit the whole to the action of a screw or other press, and
withdraw the roller by a circular movement, which smoothens the interior
surface of the clay. The clay being thus moulded into the form of a tube, is
taken out of the mould, dried, and fired. I do not however claim as my Inven-
tion this method of forming tubes in clay; in like manner I also form other
tubes, either of greater or lesser diameter or longer or shorter, as the case may
require, observing that a sufficient space may be preserved either within or
around them for a layer or layers of cement of a proper thickness, to be
interposed between the two or more concentric thicknesses of tubes.
I shall next proceed to shew the manner in which I prefer to combine these
several thicknesses of tubes together to form my said combined pipes. Fig. 3
is a wooden pole. Fig. 4 shews in section the wooden pole, Fig. 3, as sur-
rounded with two concentric thicknesses of earthenware tubes c, c, and d, d,
and a layer of cement e, c, interposed between them; f.f, &c. and g,g, &c.
are the cross joints, breaking joint alternately in the manner before described,

page_text: for the sake of strengthening the combined pipe. I do not mean or intend
hereby to limit or confine myself to any particular sizes, thicknesses, or lengths
of the pieces of tube forming my combined pipes, as they will continually vary
with the nature of the clay forming them, as well as with the purposes to which
they are to be applied, neither do I mean to limit myself to any particular
thickness of the layer or layers of cement interposed between the different
thicknesses of tubes, as that will vary with the kind of cement employed and
other circumstances. I prefer ordinarily to use that kind of cement known by
the names of Parker's or Roman cement, and of a consistency resembling
cream, but other cements may be preferable under peculiar circumstances.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Bagshaw, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventh day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and twenty-five.