Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Sept., 1887
Specification Accepted, 27th Apr., 1888
A communication from abroad by WILHELM JÄGER (H. & W. Pataky, Agents), of
Könkendorf près Pritzwalk, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Manufacturer.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON F.C.S. M.I.M.E. of the Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors 6, Lord Street, Liverpool and 6, Bank Street Manchester both in
the County of Lancaster and 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex Civil
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
The working of the centrifugal filter, rests, as the trials made by the inventor have
proved it, upon the thorough aeration, or exposure to the air to which the liquid to
be filtered is submitted on its entering the machine.
When this mixture of, or exposure to the air is rendered fairly perfect through
mechanical contrivances, such as for instance the distributor H, J, referred to in
Patent Specification No. 2599 of the 19th February 1887; the filter can even be
dispensed with altogether, and replaced by a simple clarifying centrifugal machine.
Centrifugal filtration has often been adopted, although the influence of air on the
liquid to be purified was not always recognised. The inventor claims to have
invented a centrifugal filter in which a thorough aeration or ventilation takes place by
means of special contrivances arranged within the barrel of the machine, all liquids
being thus purified so perfectly that it is sufficient to let the separated impurities
deposit themselves in a clarifying space connected with the machine, or to employ
such a clarifying space in connection with the said aeration for the purpose of
purifying liquids previous to filtration through the machine. The inventor also claims
various arrangements by means of which the separation of the soluble parts of the
liquid to be purified is promoted, and lastly, a special mode of distributing regularly
the filtering material over the whole walls of the barrel of the machine.
The arrangement described in the aforesaid patent No. 2599 of the 19th February
1887, of the rotating tray H connected with the funnel J promotes in a significant
manner the aeration of the liquid entering the machine, for this tray H J, supposed

page_text: to act as a distributor, does not alone set the entering liquid into a state of rotating
motion, but sucks the small quantities of liquid coming out through the narrow
opening in the same along with the air to which the speed of exit is communicated
through the tray H J.
This new property of the tray H J to act as a ventilator or aerator (which
property was first recognised in the experiments already mentioned), or to promoto
the thorough aeration of the entering liquid, gives great importance to the centrifugal
filter described in patent Number 2599 of the 19th February, 1887, so that it is now
desired to patent :-
1st. The said tray apart from the regulator, and
2nd. An improvement of it in its double function of distributor and aerator.
In the drawings,
Figure 1, is a sectional elevation of the improved centrifugal machine filter.
Figure 2, is a sectional elevation of a modification of the same.
Figure 3, is a plan of the machine when the cover is removed.
The favourable aerating action of the air can be increased by causing the air to
enter into the distributor in a direction opposite to that of the ontering liquid. In
this case the distributor is best made a hollow chamber J, H¹, J, H³, fixed in the
barrel of the machine, so that it forms in the centrifugal chamber B C D, another
one which rotates with the first.
The liquid to be filtered is introduced through the pipe K, figure 1.
In order to prevent a too early dispersion of the liquid which is fed in, the pipe K
opens over a feeding pipe V₁, provided with an inverted funnel U₁. This feeding
pipe is destined to lead slowly to the distributor H³, J¹, H¹, J', the liquid passing
through K.
The feed pipes V₁ and the funnel U₁ are fixed on the axis of the machine. To
render it possible to admit the air in a direction opposite to that of the liquid, there
is adapted to the lid J¹ of the distributor H₁ J₁, a second lid having its edges (those
towards the axis of the machine), turned upwards. Both lids are united together by
means of stay bolts or other means in such a manner that a certain space W¹ is left
between them.
When the distributor rotates, the apparatus, closed by the lids J¹ and W acts as a
ventilator, which sucks air in from the outside and leads it to the inner sides of the
walls in the direction of the arrow. The liquid entering through K, flows onto the
surface of the inverted funnel and reaches the bottom of the distributor H', J¹, H', J',
whence centrifugal force causes it to ascend on the inside surface of the same.
The current of air drawn through W, J', is conducted downwards through W1 to
the inner surface of the distributor, meets there the current of liquid, and mixes
itself therewith in such a manner that the liquid is transformed into a fine foam or
spray which ascends to the holes of the distributor H¹, J'.
The superfluous part of the air flowing in in excess goes up the foed pipe V¹,
mixes itself partly with the inflowing liquid, and escapes continuously into the
atmosphere, through the filling funnel.
In consequence of the air current being in a direction opposite to that of the
liquid, the latter becomes thoroughly mixed with the former, and is really formed
into foam or spray.
The liquid thus acted upon passes through the holes ¹ of the distributor HJ H' J¹,
into the deposit space G. D. E¹, the lid of which is formed by the distributor,
and the ring G fixed likewise to the distributor over the body of the filter B. C. D..
The liquid purified by the filter flows out through the pipe T. The impurities
deposited in the space G, D, E, pass away through the holes K' made in the lid E¹,
into the circular gutter N₁, and finally from it into the gutter O¹.
On the outside circumference of the distributor H¹ J₁ H₁ J', a pipe L¹ M¹ is
applied, or several such pipes. The superfluous liquid which is not taken up by the
filter, and which cannot escape either through the holes K' or through the filtering
surface, runs into the pipe L, M', through which it is again driven upwards; and
flows away on the lid E, with the impurities coming out of the holes K².

page_text: This contrivance can be modified as follows:
Between the filtering surface and the outside surface of the distributor in the
barrel of the centrifugal B C D, a hole is bored, which is so placed that the
superfluous liquid reaches and runs through it into the casing of the centrifugal.
In one case, as in the other, there is above on the lid, and below under the frame
of the barrel, the curved vanes r through which the excess of the liquid gives to the
centrifugal, the centrifugal power it still possesses. Figure 3.
In order to separate the superfluous liquid in the centrifugal case from that, which,
being already filtered, has left the surface of the centrifugal, a ring p has been
adapted to the bottom of the centrifugal case. This ring divides the bottom into two
separate parts. The superfluous liquid is led out through pipe q. The pipes L'M',
as well as holes o serve another purpose besides that above mentioned: they permit
the air compressed within the machine to escape, and thus to increase the current
of air.
The space C D E described in patent No. 2599 of February 19th 1887, which
corresponds with the space C D E₁ of the present application has given proof of its
capacities as a clarifying space (Klaerraum) in the trials referred to, and this.
property can be turned to advantage, by enlarging this space according to the
degree of impurities contained in the liquid to be purified.
This enlargement of the space C, D, E¹, can be extended to the bottom so that the
filtering stratum B C D does not exist any longer and the machine whose barrel is
no longer perforated with holes, becomes simply a clarifying centrifugal machine
(Klaorcentrifuge). An arrangement of this sort is shown on figure 2.
In order to retain easily in this case the coarse impurities as well as the fine, the
contrivance for retaining impurities may be modified as follows.
The ring G is provided with an annular deflecting surface G³, which extends to
the inner periphery of the barrel (1 of the machine. Besides there are in the
centrifugal barrel a little below the rings G G2, two oblique annular plates X¹ Y¹,
between which a certain space Z is left. The top one of these rings X¹ possesses on
the inner side of the barrel C¹ small holes K2, having a diameter of about 1 millimètre,
and the barrel is also provided with holes o² of the same diameter in the portion
of its surface comprised between the rings X' Y¹.
Lastly, there is holes ', whose purpose it is to lead into the harrel C¹ of the
machine the liquid to be clarified, which has been deprived of its impurities.
The space Z between the rings X¹ Y¹, contains vanes or carriers 2¹ (Mitnehmer),
which cause the liquid flowing in the space Z¹ to receive the same speed as the
barrel of the machine.
The action of the clarifying apparatus just described is the following.
Through the medium of the distributor H¹ J¹, H', J'arranged as described, the
liquid transformed into foam and charged with impurities is led into the space
between the lid E¹ of the distributor and the rings G¹ G. The liquid which comes
into this space receives owing to the rotation of the centrifugal barrel a speed which
is less than that of the barrel itself. In consequence of this, those portions of
impurity which are specifically heavier are projected against the sides of the centrifugal
barrel and, owing to the whirling motion of the liquid particles, are washed right
through the holes K. The liquid that has been thus deprived of its coarsest
impurity flows on the ring X' downwards and reaches the space Z' left between the
ring X Y and provided with vanes or carriers z¹. In consequence of the disposition
of these vanes the liquid receives now exactly the same speed as the barrel of the
apparatus. By this means the coarse parts of impurity are washed out through the
holes O2 and the finer ones are separated by the increase in the speed of rotation and
driven away also through 0%. The liquid now deprived of its impurities flows
through the openings into the barrel and flows through the holo O on to the
curved vanes on the under part of the casing and is discharged from the apparatus
through pipe T.
In this arrangement the outer barrel can also be used as a filtering barrel if the

page_text: filtering surface forms an inverted cone so that the larger opening is at the top as is
shown by dotted lines on Figure 2.
The impurities are led outside through the holes 02 on to the spout N' of the
centrifugal barrel and into a gutter and discharged therefrom.
The filtering material can be kept more regularly distributed if instead of a jet of
liquid acting directly on it, the level of liquid in the apparatus be kept up by a
greater inflow, in consequence of which the level of the liquid will also always
remain practically the same. By this means the stream of liquid will now act
indirectly and uniformly on the whole filtering mass over which it distributes
itself.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to me by
my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The aeration or exposure to the air of all kinds of liquids by means of a
centrifugal machine filter, such as herein described for the purpose of simultaneously
filtering and clarifying them, or clarifying them only.
2. The liquid distributor H. J. described in patent 2599 of 19th of February
1887, which serves at the same time as an aerator and which is used for the purpose
of mixing with air or aerating liquids of all kinds as set forth in claim 1.
3. The distributor H¹ J¹ H¹ J¹ in the form of a barrel perforated with boles
at the top, and arranged within the main barrel for the purpose of aerating liquids of
all kinds, as set forth in claim 1.
4. The combination with the distributor H J H¹ J¹ of a second cover W for the
purpose of forming an aerator, substantially as described.
5. In combination with the space G D E in which the impurities separated by the
process of aeration deposit themselves, of a distributor such as described in
claim 2.
6. In combination with the space G D E¹ in which the impurities separated by the
process of ventilation deposit themselves, of the distributor H¹ J¹ H' J¹ such as
described in claim 3.
7. The combination with the distributor H¹ J¹ H¹ J¹ of one or more overflow
pipes L M which permit the escape of the overflow as well as of the air compressed
in the barrel, substantially as described.
8. The contrivance set forth in claim 7, modified in such a manner that in place of
an overflow pipe L' M³, an overflow hole o in the bottom of the centrifugal barrel is
provided, which allows the air compressed in the said barrel to escape, and at the
same time permits the overflowing water to run away through the pipe q, a ring p
being provided for this purpose, substantially as described.
9. The curved vanes which are applied outside the lid or the bottom of the
centrifugal barrel for the purpose of transferring the centrifugal force stored in
the water.
10. The contrivance such as set forth in claims 5 and 6 modified so that the
continuous egress of the impurities takes place through the holes K2 of the cover of
the main barrel or through holes 0%, substantially as described.
11. The uniform distribution of the filtering material, by means of a jet of liquid,
acting indirectly on the said material, and through the medium of a body of liquid
having a constant level.