from the Waste Liquors or WOOL washing and from Commercial Wo Fat.
Year: 1886

page_text: from the Waste Liquors or
WOOL washing
and from Commercial Wo Fat.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane
in the County of Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In the Specification to Patent No 4992 of 20th. October 1882 were described
methods for the preparation of a body termed lanolin, that is to say the com-
bination of the neutral pure anhydrous wool fat (lanolinum anhydricum) with water.
In the process described in the said specification, the separation of the raw lanolin
was effected by centrifugal action either from the wash waters resulting from wool
washing establishments, in which the wool fat produced from the wool was con-
verted into an emulsion by means of soap, soda or alkalies, or from the commercial
acid-wool fat rendered acid either by free fat acids or other acids, converted into
an emulsion liquid by means of soap, soda or alkalies.
In the provisional specification filed by me on the 5th December 1885 No. 14957
were described methods for preparing the same body, in which, on the one hand,
the centrifugal action required by the process described in the first patent was
avoided and, on the other hand, new methods were described for preparing the
artificial emulsion-liquid from the commercial wool fat.
The present improvements upon the said processes have for their object, on the
one hand, to effect the purification of the raw lanolin obtained in a new manner
and to render possible the manufacture of the lanolin or anhydrous lanolin direct
from the commercial wool fat. For the purification of the raw lanolin the following
method may be employed in place of that described in patent No. 4992. In order
to obtain the lanolin or the intermediate product, the anhydrous lanolin, which is
converted into lanolin by the so called " lanolising," that is to say, by the addition
of water, the precipitate obtained by the above mentioned means, from the wool-
washing waters or the artificial emulsion liquid, is separated from the liquid, partly
or entirely dried, and then either (A) treated with such solvents as will dissolve
the entire precipitate or (B) with such solvents as will only dissolve the fat and

page_text: will leave the soaps undissolved. As instances of the solvents of the category A
may be mentioned benzine, benzole, xylole, toluol, isobutyl alcohol amyl alcohol,
sulphide of carbon &c; these dissolve the fat and the existing soaps and leave the
impurities undissolved. In order to obtain the wool fat in pure condition from
these solutions, it is only necessary to add thereto acetone. By this means the
existing soaps are separated out while the fat remains in solution. From these
solutions the fat is obtained by distilling off the solvent, thus obtaining free lanolin
(lanolinum anhydricum). Instead of completely carrying out the distillation it
may be stopped at any desired point when, on cooling, a larger or smaller portion
of the fat will separate out. This separation may also be effected in a greater or
smaller degree without any distillation by means of a corresponding reduction of
temperature of the solution. The principal examples of the category B of solvents
are ether and, principally, acetone. In particular the latter possesses the property
of completely dissolving the wool fat and leaving undissolved the soaps. Already
in the cold a certain portion of the wool fat is dissolved, but this is more effectually
carried out under heating, and this process has the particular advantage that all
other dirt or impurities existing in the wool fat remain directly in the soap residue.
By distilling off the solvents the anhydrous lanolin is then obtained, which is then
either directly brought into commerce as such or is treated with water as described
in the patent No. 4992 in order to obtain the end product, lanolin. In place of
the naturally emulsioned wool-washing waters or of the artificial emulsion prepared
from commercial wool fat, the commercial wool fat may also be directly submitted
to the above described methods of extraction by means of the solvents mentioned
under A and B so long as, in the first place, the fatty acids contained in the
commercial wool fat are converted into the corresponding soaps of the alkalies,
alkaline earths, or heavy metallic oxides. This latter is effected by heating the
commercial wool fat to the melting point and then treating it with the alkalies,
alkaline earths or their hydrates or the oxides of the heavy metals, in which
process a small quantity of water may be added thereto. The mass thus obtained
is then, after cooling, treated with solvents of either the description A or the
description B in the same manner as above described for the natural or artificial
emulsion liquid; also instead of first forming the soaps in the commercial wool fat
and then separating these soaps from the 'fat by means of acetone, the commercial
wool fat may be treated with the said solvent acetone and afterwards the pro-
duction of the soaps insoluble in acetone be effected by special additions. In this
case the commercial wool fat will be completely dissolved in the acetone with the
exception of some impurities and on shaking this solution together with the
corresponding salts of the alkalies, alkaline earths or heavy metals or other oxides
or hydrates, the soaps insoluble in acetone which are thus formed will be pre-
cipitated, and the fat remaining dissolved in the acetone will then be separated in
the manner described above from the solvent, thus obtaining either the anhydrous
lanolin or, by lanolising, also the lanolin itself. The fatty acids of the commercial
wool fat may also be separated from the wool fat in such manner that they are
converted into alkali-soaps by the addition of alkalia and the compound thus
obtained treated with methyl or ethyl alcohol. These two solvents take up under
heat the greater part of the compound, but on cooling, allow the wool fat to
precipitate, while keeping the soaps in solution. This operation is in particular of
easy performance with raw wool fat treated with ammonia under the application
of ethyl alcohol which dissolves the ammonia soaps very readily, leaving the wool
fat undissolved.

page_text: Method for the Preparation or Lanoun and Andydrous Lanon
from the Waste Liquors of Wool Washing Establishments
and from Commercial Wool Fat.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL of No. 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :―
In the Specification to Patent No. 4992 of 20th October 1882 were described
methods for the preparation of a body termed Lanolin, that is to say the combina-
tion of the neutral pure anhydrous wool fat (lanolinum anhydricum) with water.
In the process described in the said Specification the separation of the raw lanolin
was effected by centrifugal action either from the wash-waters resulting from
wool washing establishments, in which the wool fat produced from the wool was
converted into an emulsion by means of soap, soda or alkalies, or from the
commercial acid-wool-fat rendered acid either by free fat acids or other acids,
converted into an emulsion liquid by means of soap, soda or alkalies.
•
In the Provisional Specification filed by me on the 5th December 1885
No. 14957 were described methods for preparing the same body, in which on the
one hand, the centrifugal action required by the process described in the first
Patent was avoided and on the other hand, new methods were described for
preparing the artificial emulsion-liquid from the commercial wool fat.
The present improvements upon the said processes have for their object, on the
one hand, to effect the purification of the raw lanolin obtained in a new manner
and to render possible the manufacture of the lanolin or anhydrous lanolin direct
from the commercial wool-fat. For the purification of the raw lanolin the
following method may be employed in place of that described in Patent No. 4992.
In order to obtain the lanolin or the intermediate product, the anhydrous lanolin,
which is converted into lanolin by the so called "lanolising," that is to say, by the
addition of water, the precipitate obtained by the above mentioned means from
the wool-washing waters or the artificial emulsion liquid, is separated from the
liquid, partly or entirely dried, and then either (A) treated with such solvents as
will dissolve the entire precipitate or (B) with such solvents as will only dissolve
the fat and will leave the soaps undissolved. As instances of the solvents of the
category A may be mentioned benzine, benzole, xylole, toluol, isobutyl alcohol,
amyl alcohol, sulphide of carbon &c; these dissolve the fat and the existing soaps
and leave the impurities undissolved. In order to obtain the wool fat in pure
condition from these solutions, it is only necessary to add thereto acetone. By this
means the existing soaps are separated out while the fat remains in solution.
From these solutions the fat is obtained by distilling off the solvent, thus obtaining
free lanolin (lanolinum anhydricum) Instead of completely carrying out the
distillation it may be stopped at any desired point when, on cooling, a larger or
smaller portion of the fat will separate out. This separation may also be effected

page_text: in a greater or smaller degree without any distillation by means of a corresponding
reduction of temperature of the solutions. The principal examples of the category B
of solvents are ether and, principally, acetone. In particular the latter possesses
the property of completely dissolving the wool fat and leaving undissolved the
soaps. Already in the cold a certain portion of the wool fat is dissolved, but this
is more effectually carried out under heating, and this process has the particular
advantage that all other dirt or impurities existing in the wool fat remain directly
in the soap residue. By distilling off the solvents the anhydrous lanolin is then
obtained, which is then either directly brought into commerce as such or is treated
with water as described in the Patent No. 4992 in order to obtain the end product,
lanolin. In place of the naturally emulsioned wool-washing waters or of the
artificial emulsion prepared from commercial wool fat, the commercial wool fat
may also be directly submitted to the above described methods of extraction by
means of the solvents mentioned under A and B so long as, in the first place, the
fatty acids contained in the commercial wool fat are converted into the corre-
sponding soaps of the alkalies, alkaline earths, or heavy metallic oxides. This
latter is effected by heating the commercial wool fat to the melting point and then
treating it with the alkalies, alkaline earths or their hydrates or the oxides of the
heavy metals, in which process a small quantity of water may be added thereto.
The mass thus obtained is then, after cooling, treated with solvents of either the
description A or the description B in the same manner as above described for the
natural or artificial emulsion liquid; also, instead of first forming the soaps in
the commercial wool fat and then separating these soaps from the fat by means of
acetone, the commercial wool fat may be treated with the said solvent acetone and
afterwards the production of the soaps insoluble in acetone be effected by special
additions. In this case the commercial wool fat will be completely dissolved in
the acetone with the exception of some impurities and on shaking this solution
together with the corresponding salts of the alkalies, alkaline earths or heavy
metallic or other oxides or hydrates, the soaps insoluble in acetone which are thus
formed will be precipitated, and the fat remaining dissolved in the acetone will
then be separated in the manner described above from the solvent, thus obtaining
either the anhydrous lanolin or by lanolising, also the lanolin itself.
The fatty
acids of the commercial wool fat may also be separated from the wool fat in such
manner that they are converted into alkali-soaps by the addition of alkalies and
the compound thus obtained treated with methyl or ethyl alcohol. These two
solvents take up under heat the greater part of the compound, but on cooling,
allow the wool fat to precipitate, while keeping the soaps in solution.
operation is in particular of easy performance with raw wool fat treated with
ammonia under the application of ethyl alcohol which dissolves the ammonia soaps
very readily, leaving the wool-fat undissolved.
This
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
1. The separation of the anhydrous lanolin from raw lanolin obtained from
natural or artificial emulsion liquids, by first dissolving the entire raw lanolin by
means of solvents such as benzine, benzole, xylol, toluol, isobutyl-alcohol, amyl-
alcohol, sulphide of carbon and then treating the solution with acetone for the
precipitation of the saponaceous constituents therefrom after which the solvents
are evaporated so as to obtain the lanolin in solid form substantially as herein
described.
2. The separation of anhydrous lanolin from raw lanolin obtained from natural
or artificial emulsions by first treating this with ether, acetone or other solvent
that only dissolves the fatty constituents, leaving the saponaceous constituents
undissolved, after which the solvents are evaporated so as to obtain the lanolin in
solid form, substantially as herein described.

page_text: 3. The separation of the anhydrous lanolin from commercial wool fat by first
mixing this in a molten condition with alkalies, alkaline earths, or their hydrates,
or the oxides of the heavy metals, and with or without water, and then subjecting
the compound thus obtained to either of the processes referred to in the preceding
claims substantially as herein described.
4. The separation of the anhydrous lanolin from commercial wool fat by first
treating this with ether or acetone or other solvent that will only dissolve the
wool fat, then mixing with the solution either alkalies, alkaline earths or their
hydrates, or the oxides of the heavy metals, and after shaking the mixture and
separating therefrom the solid precipitate, evaporating the solvent from the lanolin
left in solution, substantially as herein described.
5. The separation of the anhydrous lanolin from commercial wool fat by first
melting the same and mixing alkalies therewith, and while heated, dissolving the
same with methyl or ethyl alcohol, from which solution the lanolin will separate
in solid condition on cooling, substantially as herein described.
Dated this 7th day of October 1886.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant,
28, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.