IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPADES, SHOVELS, AND OTHER IMPLEMENTS, AND IN
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Isaiah Barker, of Stourbridge, in the County
of Worcester, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPADES, SHOVELS, AND OTHER IMPLEMENTS, AND IN

page_text: By the application of the present improvements the manufacture of
the said implements is much facilitated and economized, and they are
made with a symmetry and perfection. unattainable in the ordinary
processes of manufacture.
The Invention consists principally in casting the "mould". in one
body from malleable iron or steel, or from steel and iron combined.
The following is the description of the Invention as applicable to the
manufacture of a spade mould :-An ordinary ingot mould for casting is
first made according to the shape of the "spade mould" required, and
a coro inserted therein to divide the front and back straps, and to form
the opening called the "coffer" or hollow part, in which the bottom of
the handle part of the spade or shovel is inserted and fixed. The
casting mould is then placed with the langet downwards and a sufficient
quantity of malleable iron or steel poured into the mould. When made
of steel and iron combined the malleable iron is poured in first in
sufficient quantity and the steel then poured in to fill up. The "mould
instead of being plated or beaten out into the flat shapo of a shovel as
hitherto is then rolled out by grooved rolls which receive a slow motion.
As a complete revolution of the moulds is not required reversible rolls
may be made use of, thus saving time, as the moulds would be cooling.
The "mould" after being thus rolled out is completed into a spade in
the ordinary way.
"
If a fork is to be made the mould is made of the form required,
according to the number of prongs, and is then cast in a similar manner
and rolled in rolls made according to the shape required.
The above process of casting into ingot moulds is also applicable to
the making of vices and other implements or tools.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters.
Patent, bearing date the Second day of September, in the year of our-
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-seventh
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give.
and grant unto me, the said Isaiah Barker, Her special licence that I,
the said Isaiah Barker, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Isaiah Barker, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE.
OF SPADES, SHOVELS, AND OTHER IMPLEMENTS, AND IN THE MEANS OF APPARATUS
TO BE USED THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Isaiah Barker, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the dato of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Isaiah Barker, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say) :—
This Invention relates to the manufacture of spades, shovels, forks,
and other analogous implements, and has reference more especially to
that stage of such manufacture in which the spade, shovel, fork, or
other implement is partially made of a shape roughly approximating
to that of the finished implement, and is then called a " mould."
The objects of my present improvements are to facilitate the manu̟-
facture of the said implements by economizing the time, labour, and
material required, and also to make them with a symmetry and perfec-
tion unattainable by the ordinary processes of manufacture as heretofore
used and practised.
The first part of my Invention consists of improved methods of
casting the "mould," which is afterwards to be formed into the finished

page_text: and other implements of malleable iron, or of steel, or of malleablo
iron and steel combined, substantially as described.
· Also the construction and arrangement of rolls, and the method of
rolling such "moulds" so cast, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Isaiah Barker, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.
Witness,
THO'. WALL,
Solicitor,
Stourbridge.
ISAIAH BARKER. (L.S.)