IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO ELECTRIC-LIGHTING APPARATUS AND METHODS OF AND MEANS FOR MANUFACTURING PARTS OF THE SAME
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake,
& Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO ELECTRIC-LIGHTING APPARATUS AND
METHODS OF AND MEANS FOR MANUFACTURING PARTS OF THE SAME." A
communication from abroad by Joseph Stokes Williams, of Riverton, New
Jersey, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th January 1882.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co. Patent, Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO ELECTRIC
LIGHTING APPARATUS AND METHODS OF AND MEANS FOR MANUFACTURING PARTS
OF THE SAME." [A communication from abroad by Joseph Stokes Williams, of
Riverton, New Jersey, United States of America.]
This Invention relates to the manufacture or construction of electric lamps
candles or lighting apparatus which will be more durable and efficient than those
hitherto provided, and the said Invention consists in various improvements as
hereinafter specified that is to say,
Firstly I build up or form a conductor by the deposition of metal or metal
alloys upon an earthy material or compound such as zirconia gypsum, lime fire-
clay asbestos or other insulating and comparatively indestructible material or
compound.
Secondly I deposit metal or metal alloys upon graphite, carbon, or the like.
Thirdly I form the light emitting portions of the conductors by the deposition
of metal or metal alloys upon or with metal or metal alloys.
Fourthly I construct or form the light-emitting portions of the conductors by
the deposition of metal or metal alloys upon filaments strings, threads, or pieces of
cotton, silk, paper, flax, hemp piassava wood or other vegetable or other material
or fibre.
Fifthly I construct or form the conductors by the deposition of highly
refractory metals or alloys upon a base or form composed of other materials.
Sixthly I construct or form the light emitting portion of the conductor or
conductors of metals alloyed by deposition.
Seventhly I form the light emitting portion of the conductor or conductors of
гр.:

page_text: highly refractory metals or alloys deposited as coverings or coatings upon
non-conducting insulating materials or compounds.
Eighthly I construct or form the conductor or conductors of metal metals
or alloys by covering coating or impregnating fibre, thread, filaments, carbon,
graphite, earthy substance or compound; or of any earthy or mineral substance
or compound of either or both or of any compound of vegetable substance with
earthy or mineral substance or both.
Ninthly I form or build up the light emitting portion of the conductor from
liquid graphite, or graphite solution upon a non-conducting material or within a
chamber the walls of which are composed of insulating material. For this
purpose I can use india or china ink but I may use any other form of graphite or
carbon in solution and such solution can be compounded with metallic solution,
such solution being applied by a brush or otherwise to give the form desired to the
conductor. Such conductor can be formed upon any suitable pyro-insulating base
such as zirconia, fire-clay brick-clay or the like, or vegetable material or fibre; or
can be deposited upon an insulating metallic cement or base or upon asbestos or
the like; such graphite base can forin the ground-work for the deposition of a
metallic conductor or can form the groundwork with which a metal metals, or
metal alloys can be united. The thin sheets, ribbons, ribs, sections or filaments so
formed which constitute the portion of the conductors from which light is emitted
ensure great economy in the energy expended for the development of the light
and such distribution of the material constituting the conductor provides for and
ensures a great surface from which the light is emitted with a minimum amount
of material in transverse section. It will be understood that such liquid solution
may form the ground-work for the deposition of carbon when the forin is placed
within a hydro-carbon bath or otherwise treated to provide for such deposition
the forms being preferably of indestructible material or compound such as herein
set forth.
Tenthly I construct or form a conductor or conductors of iridium, platinum,
manganese, or the alloys of either or any of the same with each other or the alloy of
either all or any of the same with other metal or metals the required shape being
imparted to such refractory metal or alloy by means of moulds or forms heated to a
high degree.
Eleventhly I construct and shape a conductor of highly refractory metal, metals
or alloys, between rolls or stamps or dies while such metal metals or alloys are
heated to a high temperature by the electric current.
Twelfthly employ highly refractory conductors formed and arranged in such
relative positions to each other in an electric light or candle as to permit the
development of light from the voltaic arc and from the incandescence of the
material.
'
Thirteenthly I distribute or form highly refractory metal or metal alloy in
infinitesimally thin sheets ribs, lines, sections filaments, ribbons or pieces, such being
mounted upon or connected or arranged with the two terminals leading from the
lamp, candle or lighting apparatus, the terminals preferably being composed of
other conducting material and of increased section so that the light-emitting
portions will be defined in accordance there with or thereby; that is to say-The
thin sheets, ribbons, ribs, sections or filaments constitute the portion of the
conductors from which light is emitted; such conductors may have any preferred
form or shape and may be in series connected with the two terminals; or the metal
composing the same may be distributed on insulating bases or forms and so thin as
to not permit of supporting themselves. I obtain by this construction great
economy in the energy expended in the development of the light and by such
distribution of the metal I obtain the greatest amount of light possible from a given
quantity of metal, and obtain a metallic conductor of high resistance. It will also
be understood that by the deposition of the metals such conductor can be composed
of a highly refractory metal metals or metal alloys with such section or quantity as
would be impossible to obtain by other methods.

page_text: Fourteenthly I form or build up a conductor or conductors by impregnating
filaments or threads with a carbon or graphite solution or a compound of carbon
and metallic solution such solutions leaving the solid portions remaining upon the
filament fibre asbestos or other form which gives shape to or support for the
conductor; for instance I may employ a piece or ribbon of gauze composed of very
fine thread or section the portions of which will become impregnated by the solution.
Fifteenthly I impregnate or coat a gauze of any preferred suitable material as a
base or form for the deposition of metal metals or metal alloys and thereby obtain
an extended open surface for the development of the light with a comparatively
small amount of conducting material in section. I also obtain from this construction
the important advantage of non-liability to the absolute destruction of the conductor
as if we consider the entire fabric to consist of a series of sections occupying its
entire width each section or web of the gauze represents only a certain proportion
of the number of the webs in the section of width.
Sixteenthly I arrange such conductors as hereinbefore described within a
transparent globe or chamber from which I expel or withdraw the deleterious gases
and hermetically seal the conductor in the vacuum within such chamber.
Seventeenthly I enclose the conductors composed of or partly composed of
highly refractory metal metals, or alloys within a transparent chamber which does'
not permit the circulation of air the space or chamber being provided with a small
aperture or opening so as to permit the expansion of the air. In such arrangement
the heat will be retained within the chamber and thereby the expenditure of
energy for the development of light will be diminished.
Eighteenthly I cover coat or embed the conductors hereinbefore described with
glass or other transparent or semi-transparent or pyro-insulating material.
Nineteenthly I construct or form a candle or lamp in which I employ a metallic
cement as in insulating medium or base.
Twentiethly I employ a transparent covering globe or chamber within which
the electric candle or conductor is placed such covering or chamber being provided
with an outlet for the heated air and the inlet of air being prevented by means of
a check valve stopper or ball.
Twenty-firstly I provide a detachable transparent covering or globe for the
refractory conductors so as to permit of cleaning such chamber or globe when
necessary or the check valve stopper or ball before mentioned can be removed to
permit of such operation.
Twenty secondly I provide the form for the deposition of the material with
terminals or extensions of increased size or section and in order to provide such
terminals without difficulty I coat impregnate or alloy the terminal or extension
with an increased amount of metal for this purpose I can advantageously employ
platinum or metal.
For instance in order to so construct a conductor I wind or mount upon a base
consisting of some material without affinity for metal the fibre, thread wire
filament, strip ribbon or the like. I then immerse within the bath such portion
or length of the same as will be employed for the development of light. After a
sufficient coating has been deposited I immerse the other end of the base in a bath
containing a metallic solution nickel or any preferred conducting material. The
second process coats or impregnates the form so as to complete the conductor the
second process effects a perfect union or continuation of the conductor and covers
laps impregnates or alloys with the first metal coating impregnation or alloy.
It will be understood from the previous description that conductors can thus be
built up or formed upon a base or form of the finest texture filaments or sections
which it is possible to obtain and the base or form can be made of metallic earthy
mineral or vegetable material or any compound of such materials or substances.
Twenty thirdly I employ a form for the deposition of metals composed of salts
and oxides of zinc such material is an insulating substance and can be used solely
as the form or can be applied as a solution to other substances or forms the metal
metals or alloys cover coat impregnate or alloy with the metallic base.

page_text: Twenty fourthly I immerse in a bath of platinum, iridium, ruthenium, man-
ganese, or other material having a high melting point; from which material by the
action of an electric current and with the proper precaution of keeping the bath
sufficiently rich in metallic solution any thickness desired may be deposited on the
surface form or base of graphite magnesium zirconia or other material or I can
employ an indestructible base or I may employ a form which only serves the
purpose of supporting the material for giving shape to the deposited material and
when beat is applied the first base or form will be destroyed but the metal metals
or alloys will resist the heat and retain the form given. By such process I obtain
a very thin film or deposit of metal which is impracticable by other means than by
deposition.
I may employ any refractory metal or combination of metals best suited for the
development of light and which can be deposited or alloyed with the base or form.
It will be understood that I can by these processes deposit thin films or coatings of
any metal, metals, or metal alloys best suited for the development of the electric
light. I thereby obtain a metallic filament or conductor of the highest possible
resistance, dependent upon the metal or metals employed.
In other words metal possessing the greatest refractory quality can be spread
over the surface as a mere film in thickness and can be alloyed with or cover and
coat other materials such as oxides of magnesium zirconia, and the like.
Twenty fifthly I alloy combine permeate and cover or coat the base which gives
form to the conductors with metal or metal alloys by employing solutions of
metallic salts or oxides from which by decomposition and recomposition I am able
to impregnate alloy or coat the base or form which will give shape or will provide
surface for the deposition of such metallic coating or alloy.
In order to prepare the form for the deposition of the metal supposing it consists
of or is provided with suitable material which possesses affinity with metal, I in
some cases immerse the portion to be treated in an acidulated bath, the strength
quality or kind of which is dependent upon the metal or material to be coated;
after a sufficient immersion I-dry the same by subjecting it to a temperature of
about 150° centigrade. It is then plunged into a boiling solution containing the
salts or oxides (or both) of the metals or alloys with which the piece is to be
impregnated or coated. It will be understood that the most refractory metals can
thus be deposited or alloyed for conductors to be employed in electric lighting
apparatus.
Twenty sixthly I employ metallic salts or oxides or both in solution for coating
or both impregnating and coating the fibrous or other piece which serves as the
form; for instance I can first dip the piece of fibre gauze asbestos, muslin silk metal
or other form or piece in salts or oxides of magnesium or other material I can
employ for this purpose sulphate sulphide oxide or per-oxide of magnesia. The
coating thus obtained can then be coated or alloyed with other metal, metals or
alloys by immersion in another solution or through the medium of electricity or
by the decomposition and re-composition of the salts or oxides of metal or metal
alloys. I can employ any combination of such means and use materials which will
be best suited or preferable for the purpose of electric lighting.
Twenty seventhly. I coat the light emitting portion of a conductor or conductors
with glass or other transparent and insulating material and subsequently or in
the same operation I wind coil bind or lap such insulated conductor while
sufficiently heated to give it the desired form. By this means I am enabled to
effectually protect the conductor and lap coil twist or return one portion upon or
along the side of or around another so as to give to the light emitting portions a
spiral loop horse shoe circular or other form. I can also unite the insulating
materials by the application of a high degree of heat so as to cement or work the
glass together and exclude all air.
In this construction I provide two terminals projecting beyond the surface of
the glass and I previously form these terminals of increased sectional area; by these
means I can complete the candle during the one operation; or I subsequently

page_text: combine the material enclosed in the glass with terminal extensions; or I increase
the section of such extensions by electro plating or otherwise as herein provided
for. These terminals can subsequently be coated with glass or other insulating
material; this last addition of an insulating material provides the means for
supporting the light emitting portions which are preferably enclosed in glass as
herein described.
Twenty eighthly I also complete or form electric candles with the conductors
encased in glass by compression; for instance I arrange apparatus for drawing the
wire or conductors (which have been suitably shaped or formed) into or between
rolls or stamping devices; the rolls or stamping devices are so constructed as to
permit the wire or conductor to be fed between the same (the wire or conductor
being supported in the desired position in the shaping device) the molton or heated
glass will be rolled or compressed while the conductor is remaining stationary; or
such conducting material being continuous the operation becomes similar to rolling
bars of iron; the candles may be cut into lengths and the terminals afterwards
arranged; or there may be blanks in the rolls which will leave the terminals
projecting beyond the glass; conductors may be placed between plates or sheets
of heated glass which are compressed together and thereby seal and encase the
conductors.
Twenty ninthly. In order to construct an electric lamp and avoid the use of
mechanism as generally employed I employ metallic electrodes one mounted
above the other. The sections of these electrodes are about the same, the electrode
at the bottom is provided with an extension into which the upper electrode fits.
'The extension is a mere film or shell preferably of a refractory metal or alloy
mounted or deposited upon zirconia or other comparatively indestructible and
insulating base; mica can be used with advantage. The upper and lower
electrodes are secured in their proper relative positions by being attached to this
extension.
When such apparatus is placed in the circuit, the upper electrode will fuse and
feed upon and build up the lower electrode-the support between the ends of the
electrode will become highly incandescent. I prefer to encase such apparatus with
a transparent globe cylinder or chamber to prevent the circulation of the air or to
obtain a greater economy or less expenditure of energy in the development of light.
The candle can be made reversible that is to say when the upper electrode has
become melted the candle can be turned and the then upper electrode will feed and
built up the lower electrode. I sometimes employ a grating gauze or sieve-like
encasement guide or support within which the electrodes are placed or by which
they are guided and kept in their proper relative positions; this grating open work
or support will become highly incandescent and will allow the light to pass
through it.
I preferably employ in such an arrangement a separation or division between the
two electrodes this separator is a loose piece of comparatively indestructible
insulating material and is preferably provided with an aperture or apertures
through which the current passes from one electrode to the other; this insulating
separator becomes highly incandescent. In fact the grating electrodes and
separator all perform their part in giving light. Such an arrangement admits of
feeding from a hopper pulverized or granulated electrodes. I sometimes employ
for this purpose, compounds of carbon with metallic oxides such as the oxides of
magnesium sodium or the like. Other combinations can also be used with advantage
as will be well understood. The compound can be made by deposition or from
solutions, afterwards dried and pulverized or granulated; asbestos can be used
with advantage in making such compound. Electric lights of any candle power
can be obtained by such apparatus. I prefer to use a covering to prevent the loss of
heat

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Robert Lake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
15th July 1882.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent
Agents, Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO
ELECTRIC-LIGHTING APPARATUS AND METHODS OF AND MEANS FOR MANU-
FACTURING PARTS OF THE SAME." A communication from abroad by Joseph
Stokes Williams, of Riverton, New Jersey, United States of America.
This Invention relates to the manufacture or construction of electric lamps,
candles, or lighting apparatus, which will be more efficient than those hitherto
constructed and the said Invention consists in various improvements as hereinafter
specified.
In some cases I build up or form the portion or portions of a conductor designed
to emit light by the deposition of metal or a metallic alloy upon an earthy
material or compound such as zirconia, gypsum, lime, fire-clay, asbestos, or other
insulating and comparatively indestructible material or compound or I can deposit
the metal or metallic alloy upon graphite carbon, or the like that is to say, I
construct or form the light emitting portion or portions of the conductors by the
deposition of highly refractory metals or alloys upon a base or form composed of
some other material or compound. Such material may be of any desired shape
and may be formed from filaments, threads, or pieces of cotton, paper, asbestos, or
other suitable material, which is either in itself comparatively indestructible or may
be rendered so by carbonization.
I
In order to provide a base for the deposition of the metal or metallic alloy,
sometimes employ a non-conducting support or surface which is coated either
partially or entirely with a metallic or carbanecous solution applied by any suitable
means. For instance such solution may be applied by means of a brush or may
be impressed upon the said support or surface. The said base may form a
permanent support for the light emitting portion or portions of the conductor or
the metal or metallic alloy can be separated from the said base so as to constitute
in itself the light emitting portion or portions, that is to say, in this case the base
will serve simply to give form to the deposited material; the thin sheets, sections,
or filaments which are thus formed and which constitute the light emitting portion
or portions of the conductors ensure great economy in the energy expended in the
development of light as the distribution of the material constituting the light
emitting portion or portions of the conductor provides for and ensures a large
surface from which the light is emitted with a minimum amount of material in
transverse section. It will be understood that in a similar manner I can provide
for the deposition of carbon when the form is placed within a hydro-carbon bath
and heated by the passage of the electric current or otherwise treated to provide
for such deposition, the said form consisting of a comparatively indestructible
material or compound.
It will be understood that a highly refractory metal or metallic alloy can thus
be distributed in exceedingly thin sheets, layers, sections, filaments, or parts, and
can be mounted upon, connected, to or combined with the terminals extending from
the lamp, candle or lighting apparatus; the said terminals may be composed of
material other than the material deposited and may be united thereto by fusion or
by electro-deposition or the junction between such materials may be made by
carbon deposited through the inedium of heat developed by an electric current or
otherwise. These terminals are of increased sectional area so that the light-
emitting portion or portions will be defined in accordance therewith or thereby,

page_text: that is to say, the thin sheets, layers, sections, filaments or parts constitute the
portion or portions of the conductors from which light is emitted; such light
emitting portion or portions of the conductors may have any preferred form or
shape and a series of light-emitting portions can be connected with the two
terminals. By the above construction I am enabled to obtain not only the greatest
possible amount of light from a given quantity of metal or material but also a
metallic conductor of the desired resistance.
In order to increase the size or section of the terminals and thereby define the
light emitting portion or portions of the conductor I can advantageously employ
platinum, nickel, copper or other metal, or a metallic alloy which I deposit upon the
said terminals by electro-deposition. For instance fter the light emitting portion
or portions of the conductor have been formed I immerse the extensions of the
said conductor which are to form the terminals, in a bath containing a metallic
solution of platinum, nickel, or copper, or such other metal or alloy as may be
desired. I am thereby enabled to coat or impregnate such extensions by electro-
deposition so as to complete the conductor and effect a perfect union of the metal
or alloy which constitutes the terminals with that which forms the light emitting
portion or portions of the conductor.
I, in some cases, immerse a base, form or support in a bath containing platinum,
iridium, ruthenium manganese or a combination of any two or more metals, and by
passing an electric current through the same and keeping the said bath sufficiently rich
in metal I am enabled to deposit the desired amount of metal upon the said base, form,
or support, which may be of graphite, carbon, zirconia, or other material. The said
base, form, or support, may consist of comparatively indestructible material or I
may employ a base, form, or support, which serves simply to determine the shape
or surface of the deposited material. The base, form, or support, can, then be
removed and the refractory metal or alloy will retain its form.
In order to provide for the removal of the said base, form, or support from the
deposited metal or alloy and maintain the form given to the latter I deposit such
metal or alloy upon one side or surface only of the said base, form, or support, or in
such a manner that the said metal or alloy does not entirely surround or encompass
the material upon which it is deposited. For instance I may employ as a base or
support, thin sheets of tin or metallic foil preferably brought into the desired form
by stamping or cutting the same and I coat, cover, or protect the portions of the
said tin or metallic foil whereon it is not desired to deposit the metal or metallic
alloy, with a suitable material for preventing the deposition of the said metal or
metallic alloy thereon. By this means when heat is applied to the deposited metal
or alloy the base or support will be removed therefrom."
By such process I am enabled to readily obtain a very thin film or deposit of
metal.
I can employ any refractory metal or combination of metals which is best suited
for the economical development of light and which can be deposited upon, or alloyed
with the base form or support. I can thereby construct a metallic filament or
conductor of high resistance, with an extensive illuminating surface and containing
but a small amount of metal.
In constructing or forming the conductor or conductors for the development of
light by electro-deposition, as herein provided for, the base or support upon which
the metal or alloy is to be deposited is immersed in a metallic solution the circuit
from the battery, generator, or other source of electricity, being completed through
the said base or support upon which the metal or metallic alloy is to be deposited
and through the metallic solution and the anode suspended therein, that is to say,
the metallic solution contains the desired metallic salt or oxide or both and by the
passage of the electric current the metal or alloy will be deposited upon the base
or support. For instance I may employ the oxide of iridium and dissolve it in
water (preferably distilled) containing a suitable quantity of chloride of ammonium,
sal ammoniac or other dissolving agent. The proportions of these bodies may be
one half an ounce of oxide of iridium, three ounces of chloride of ammonium and
1

page_text: eight pints of water. Or I may deposit platinum so as to form the light emitting
portion or portions of the conductor by employing a metallic solution formed by
the dissolution of the salts or oxides of platinum through the medium of suitable
chemical agents. I sometimes form the light emitting portion or portions of the
conductor of a metallic alloy for instance platinum and iridium, by employing the
salts or oxides of these metals. For instance I may employ oxide of iridium and
chloride of platinum in the desired proportions. Or I may form an alloy of iron
and nickel, or alloy these metals or either of them with iridium or platinum.
When I desire to form an alloy of platinum and nickel I sometimes employ the
oxide of platinum and the chloride of nickel in equal parts and dissolve them in a
solution of cyanide of potassium. This solution constitutes the bath in which the
base or support is immersed. The platinum or iridium can be alloyed with iron
by mixing with the solutions containing these metals a solution containing iron
in the form of a salt or oxide, or iron in a finely divided condition. An anode of
iron can be used in the deposition of the above named metals or alloys. When it is
desired to deposit one metal only I use an anode of the same metal. The appli-
cation of heat to the solutions facilitates the deposition of the above-named metals
or alloys.
In order to provide for forming a highly refractory metal or metallic alloy into
thin strips, sheets, or pieces, so as to provide for the economical utilization of such
metal or alloy for the development of light by the passage therethrough of an
electric current, I compress the same between rolls or by stamps or dies which
give the desired form to the strip, sheet, or piece, and I provide for heating the
metal or alloy by passing therethrough an electric current prior to or during the
time the metal is being shaped. These dies or moulds are preferably so constructed
as to form the metal or alloy into a thin sheet at the parts of the conductor intended
to emit light, the portions of such conductor which are to serve as terminals being
of increased size in cross section and preferably having a less extended surface.
I sometimes employ gauze of any suitable material as a base, form, or support
and deposit thereon a metal or metallic alloy or carbon and thereby obtain an
extended open surface for the development of light with a comparatively small
amount of conducting material in section. I also obtain by this construction the
advantage that such a light emitting conductor is not liable to be completely
destroyed, for the reason that the entire fabric or conductor consists of a series of
sections occupying its entire width each section or web of the gauze or perforated
material representing only a certain proportion of the number of the webs in the
entire conductor.
This gauze or perforated material may be carbonized in any suitable manner
and may be used as a light emitting conductor without further treatment or may
be coated as hereinbefore described.
I arrange the conductors hereinbefore described within the transparent globe or
chamber from which I expel or withdraw the deleterious gases and which I
hermetically seal in the usual manner.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent and the manner of performing the same I wish it understood
that I claim :-
:
First. The construction of a conductor or light emitting portion of an electric
lamp or lighting apparatus by the deposition of a metal or metallic alloy upon a
thin sheet or layer of carbonaceous or carbonized material, with or without a
support composed of earthy material or. the like substantially as set forth and for
the purpose specified.
Second. In the construction of a conductor or light-emitting portion of an electric
lamp or lighting apparatus the employment of a support or surface coated either
entirely or partially with a metallic or carbonaceous solution and designed to serve
as a base for the deposition of a metal or metallic alloy to form the light emitting
portion cr portions of the conductor from which the said base may or may not be
removed substantially as set forth and for the purpose specified.

page_text: Third. A conductor or light emitting portion (of an electric lamp or lighting
apparatus) consisting of a thin sheet, layer or filament of a refractory metal or
metallic alloy obtained by deposition, and provided with terminals of increased
sectional area (and if desired of material other than that of which such light
emitting portion is constructed) substantially in the manner and for the purpose
specified,
Fourth. The construction of a conductor or light emitting portion of an electric
lamp or lighting apparatus by depositing a metal or metals or metallic alloy upon
a base, form, or support which can afterwards be removed from the said metal
metals or metallic alloy substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Fifth. The formation of a conductor or light emitting portion of an electric
lamp or lighting apparatus by the compression of a highly refractory metal or
metallic alloy, between rolls, or by stamps or dies such metal or metallic alloy being
heated during, or prior to, such treatment by passing therethrough an electric
current substantially as set forth and for the purpose specified.
Sixth. The employment in the construction of a conductor or light-emitting
portion of an electric lamp or lighting apparatus, of a base form or support
consisting of wire or other gauze or similar open work material whereon I deposit
a metal or metallic alloy or carbon. substantially as set forth and for the purposes
specified.
In witness whereof Ì the said William Robert Lake have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Fifteenth day of July in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.