AN IMPROVED DYNAMOMETRICAL REGULATOR FOR MOTIVE POWER ENGINES AND OTHER MOVERS."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Xavier Moussard, of Boulevard Saint Denis, 1, at Paris,
Mechanician, for an Invention of "AN IMPROVED DYNAMOMETRICAL REGULATOR
FOR MOTIVE POWER ENGINES AND OTHER MOVERS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Xavier Moussard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th July 1880.
" AN
XAVIER MOUSSARD, of Boulevard Saint Denis, 1, at Paris, Mechanician.
IMPROVED DYNAMOMETRICAL REGULATOR FOR MOTIVE POWER ENGINES AND OTHER
MOVERS."
This Invention consists of a system of dynamometrical regulator applicable to all
motors, steam and gas engines, water wheels, turbines, and others.
In consequence of its special combination this regulator acts instantaneously
upon the admission of the fluid through valves, butterfly valves, cocks, sluices, or
any other known mediums, and where introduced it remedies at the same time the
variations either of the motive power, for example, the pressure of the steam or
other gas in the generator, or of the resistance to be overcome in putting into action
or stopping any number of tool or other machines. By its use the speed previously
determined and regulated remains constantly uniform, its action being more rapid
and its sensibility greater than that of the regulators by centrifugal force. This
regulator can form at the same time monometer, dynamometer, and regulator, and
allows by means of needles and graduated dial plates of estimating at each instant
of its action the pressure in the generator and the expenditure of force without
any stoppage or special labour. This regulator, which may be applied equally as
well to horizontal as to vertical motors, consists of the following arrangement:
On the main shaft of the motor at the side of the fly wheel is mounted the pulley
of command or transmission, which is secured to the fly wheel by springs of any
number and form, but sufficiently resisting to transmit without too much flexion
the motive force of the shaft to the pulley. The arrangement of spring adopted

page_text: in the present case is as follows:-On each side of the fly wheel is a spiral spring,
rolled on a curved rod which is concentric with the shaft and bolted at one end
into one of the arms of the fly wheel, its other end passing freely into a socket or
guide piece fixed to the pulley, the spiral spring being held between the arm of the
fly wheel and the socket or guide piece. The variations which may occur in the
resistance caused by stopping or putting into action machines, or by any other
cause, produces the compression or relaxing of the springs, and consequently an
angular movement is given to the pulley on the fly wheel. This differential or
dynamometrical movement of rotation is changed into a movement of translation
following the axis of the shaft by the following arrangement:-At the extremity
of a lug or branch cast with and projecting forwards from each of the opposite arms
of the fly wheel is a rack concentric with the shaft. Into each rack takes a toothed
soctor, which conveys the differential movement in a-line-above the shaft by means
of a second sector, the two sectors being fixed on a spindle mounted in plummer
blocks cast or fixed on the pulley of command. The oscillatory movement of the
second sector produces the alternate backward movement of a sleeve mounted on
the main shaft and formed as a circular rack which engages with the sector in
whatever position the latter may be.
At its front end this sleeve is swivelled or jointed to the forked end of a lever
having its fulcrum some distance therefrom at the end of a rod or stem mounted or
hinged to the frame of the motor. The vibration of the forked lever on its fulcrum
is transmitted by a second rod at the other end of the forked lever to the handle of
the valve, and thus regulates the admission of the steam, gas, or other motive force.
The-forked lever is thus jointed directly onto the frame when it is only desired to
guard against the variations of the resistance, but when it is desired at the same
time to remedy the irregularities of the power the following arrangement should be
used:-
A small cylinder furnished with an air tight piston is fixed at a convenient part
of the frame of the motor, and is in communication with the boiler or generator by
a small pipe. The piston rod bears against a lever jointed to the frame. A spring,
which is in equilibrium at the determined pressure in the generator, constantly
solicits this lever towards the corresponding or "equilibrium" position.
The oscillation of the lover caused by the variations of pressure in the generator
are transmitted to the forked lever before described by means of return lovers;
there is therefore still the one direct instantaneous action of the pressure in the
generator on the admission, an action entirely independent of that given by the
variations of the resistance.
This arrangement constitutes therefore an auto-regulating manometer. A needle
and graduated dial allow, if required, of rendering the indications readable, as with
the dynamometer previously described.
The small manometer cylinder may be advantageously replaced by an arrangement
composed of one or more pairs of discs of hard hammered copper separated by a
crown joint and forming an extensible receiver. The empty space formed by the
discs communicates at one side with the boiler or generator, and at the other side
with the second, third, and so through the system of discs. Lastly, the external
disc acts against the lever (bearing against the piston rod in the last arrangement
described) by a projecting stud or touch piece. The pressure increasing in the
boiler or generator, the steam or gas being in permanent communication with the
disc receiver, the latter is distended, and the stud or touch piece on the external
disc breaking the equilibrium of the spring before named in the last arrangement,
causes the valve to close. The contrary occurs when the pressure diminishes and
the spring thereby reacts.
Different arrangements may also produce the same effect; thus, the hammer
hardened discs may be replaced by a sheet of india rubber, forming as it were a
tank or cistern, which would contain without inconvenience a certain quantity of
water of condensation. A spiral spring wound on a rod or stem, and reacting on

page_text: the bag. of india rubber would transmit the movements of the latter to the
regulating levers.
The levers of the dynamometer and of the manometer, instead of acting on a
valve of admission, may separately operate on the expansion gear of any system
of engines, rotary or slide valve, either for modifying the expansion or for hastening
or retarding it. Or they may act on two independent slido valves enclosed in the
same box of admission preceding the steam chest and working over one and the
same orifice for opening or closing it as required.
The numerous advantages of this system are evident, it being casy to adapt to it
the registering apparatus for recording the effective work of the machine.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Xavier Moussard in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th January
1881.
"AN
ZAVIER MOUSSARD, of Boulevard Saint Denis, 1, at Paris, Mechanician.
IMPROVED DYNAMOMETRICAL REGULATOR FOR MOTIVE POWER ENGINES AND OTHER
MOVERS."
This Invention consists of a system of dynamometrical regulator applicable to
all motors, steam-and-gas engines, water wheels, turbines, and others.
In consequence of its special combination this regulator acts instantaneously
upon the admission of the fluid through valves, butterfly valves, cocks, sluices, or
any other known mediums, and where introduced it remedies at the same time the
variations either of the motive power, for example, the pressure of the steam or
other gas in the generator, or of the resistance to be overcome in putting into action
or stopping any number of tool or other machines. By its use the speed previously
determined and regulated remains constantly uniform, its action being more rapid,
and its sensibility greater than that of the regulators by centrifugal force.
This regulator can form at the same time manometer, dynamometer, and
regulator, and allows, by means of needles and graduated dial plates, of estimating
at each instant of its action the pressure in the generator and the expenditure of
force without any stoppage-or-special labor.
On the accompanying Drawing, Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a steam
engine fitted with the regulator; Figure 2, a plan; Figure 3, a sectional plan on
line A, B; Figure 4, detail view of an arrangement of manometer; Figures 5
and 6, front and side views of a second arrangement of manometer; Figure 7, detail
view of the manometer; Figure 8, lever acting on the valve.
This regulator, which may be applied equally as well to horizontal as to vertical
motors, consists of tlie following arrangement:-On the main shaft a of the
motor at the side of the fly wheel V is mounted the pulley of command or
transmission P, which is secured to the fly wheel V by springs of any number and
form, but sufficiently resisting to transmit without too much flexion the motive
force of the shaft to the pulley P. The arrangement of spring adopted in the
present case is as follows:-On each side of the fly wheel is a spiral spring rolled
on a curved rod which is concentric with the shaft a and bolted at one end into one
of the arms of the fly wheel V, its other end passing freely into a socket or guide
piece fixed to the pulley P; the spiral spring is held between the arm of the fly
wheel V and the socket or guide piece . The variations which may occur in the
resistance caused by stopping or putting into action machines or by any other cause
produce the compression or relaxing of the springs, and consequently an angular
movement is given to the pulley on the fly wheel. This differential or dynamo-
metrical movement of rotation is changed into a movement of translation following
the axis of the shaft a by the following arrangement:-
At the extremity of a lug or branch p cast with and projecting forwards from
each of two opposite arms b of the fly wheel V, is a rack c concentric with the
shaft a. Into each rack takes a toothed sector, which conveys the differential
movement in a line above the shaft by means of a second sector S¹, the two sectors
being fixed on a spindle mounted in plummer blocks cast or fixed on the pulley of
command. The oscillatory movement of the second sector S¹ produces the alternate
backward movement of a sleeve m mounted on the main shaft a and formed as a
circular rack which engages with the sector S¹ in whatever position the latter inay
be. At its front end this sleeve is swivelled or jointed to the forked end of a lever
having its fulcrum x some distance therefrom at the end of a rod or stem d mounted
or hinged to the frame of the motor. The vibration of the forked lever on its

page_text: fulcrum is transmitted by a second rod 7 at the other end of the forked lever to
the handle of the valve, and thus regulates the admission of the steam, gas, or
other motive force. The forked lover is thus jointed directly on to the frame
when it is only desired to guard against the variations of the resistance, but when
it is desired at the same timo to remedy the irregularities of the power the
arrangements shewn by Figuros 1 and 7 should be used. A small cylinder furnished
with an air tight piston is fixed at a convenient part of tho frame of the motor,
and is in communication with the boiler or generator by a small pipe i. The piston
rod bears against a lever j jointed to the frame; a spring r, which is in equilibrium
at the determined pressure in the generator, constantly solicits this lever towards
the corresponding or equilibrium position.
The oscillation of this lever j caused by the variations of pressure in the genorator
are transmitted to the forked lever Z beforo described by means of return levers k, k¹;
there is therefore still the one direct instantaneous action of the pressure in the
generator on the admission, an action entirely independent of that given by the
variations of the resistance.
This arrangement constitutes therefore an auto-regulating manometer. A needle
and graduated dial allow if required of rendering the indications readable, as with
the dynamometer previously described.
The small manometer cylinder h may be advantageously replaced by the
arrangement seen in Figure 4, and composed of one or more pairs of discs n of
hard hammered copper separated by a crown joint and forming an extensible
receiver q. The empty space formed by the discs n communicatos at one side with
the boiler or generator, and at the other side with the second, third, and so on
through the system of discs.
Lastly, the extornal disc n' acts against the lover ; (bearing against the piston
rod in the last arrangement described) by a projecting stud or touch piece n¹.
The pressure increasing in the boiler or generator, the steam or gas being in
permanent communication with the disc receiver q, the latter are distended and the
stud or touch piece n¹¹ on the external disc n' breaking the equilibrium of the
spring (Figure 1) causes the valve to close. The contrary occurs when the
pressure diminishes and the spring thereby reacts. Different arrangements may
also produce the same effect; thus, the hammer hardened discs may be replaced by
a sheet of india rubber ƒ (Fig. 7), forming as it were a tank or cistern-which
would contain without inconvenience a certain quantity of water of condensation.
A spiral spring wound on the bag of india rubber gives the necessary resistance
and brings back the levers of transmission to their normal position, and reacting on
the bag of india rubber would transmit the movements of the latter to the
regulating levers. These levers 1 and d', pushed by the stem b¹, guided inside the
bag by the tube t¹¹ act upon the regulating levers. The same levors also act upon
a spring lever a¹ which moves opposite a dial plate. The steam arrives by the
tube into the interior of the bag f. The levers of the dynamometer and of the
manometer, instead of acting on a valve of admission, may separately operate on
the expansion gear of any system of engines, rotary or slide valve, either for
modifying the expansion or for hastening or retarding it. Or they may act on two
independent slide valves enclosed in the same box of admission preceding the steam
chest and working over one and the same orifice for opening or closing it as
required. For increasing the movements of the valves, butterfly valves, or cocks
of admission, multiplier sectors may be used. The numerous advantages of this
system are evident, it being easy to adapt to it the registering apparatus for
recording the effective work of the machine.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I claim as my Invention is,-
1. Connecting the pulley of transmission (mounted loose on the main shaft) with
the fly wheel by springs, substantially as and for the purpose herein before described
and illustrated by the accompanying Drawing.

page_text: 2. Transmitting the differential movements of rotation of the pulley of
transmission and shaft to the apparatus for regulating the admission of steam by
means of pinions in combination with levers and with a circular rack, substantially
as herein before described and illustrated by the accompanying Drawing.
3. The combination and use of a regulator manometer based on the variablo
push exercised by the fluid motor on the regulating levers above named,
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the accompanying
Drawing.
4. The application and use, separately or combined, of the action of the manometer
and dynamometer to the regulating of valves, butterfly valves, slides, expansion
cams, and others, substantially as herein before described and illustrated by the
accompanying Drawing.
5. The application and use of my system to the motors of all kinds and powers,
steam, hydraulic, gas, or compressed air, substantially as hereinbefore described.
6. The application and use to my system of every kind of manometer with or
without indicating dial plates, substantially as herein before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Zavier Moussard, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this First day of January, in the year of our-Lord-One-thousand.
eight hundred and eighty one.
Witness,
ALBERT CAHEN,
Civil Engineer,
of Boulevard St. Denis, 1,
at Paris.
XAVIER MOUSSARD. (L.S.)