IMPROVEMENTS IN HAND TOOLS FOR CUTTING, PAPER, AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John, Jackson, the younger. Engineer 51. Lorn Rd.
Brixton. S.W. for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN HAND TOOLS FOR
CUTTING, PAPER, AND OTHER MATERIALS.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Jackson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd September 1883.
JOHN. JACKSON. Jar, Engineer. 51. Lorn Rd. Brixton. S.W. IMPROVEMENTS IN
HAND TOOLS, FOR CUTTING PAPER, AND OTHER MATERIALS.
My invention relates to the construction of improved Hand Tools for cutting
paper and other materials.
The object of my invention is the production of simple and cheap tools that may
be easily forced through Paper. Linen, or Cloth &°, and which effect a clean
continuous cut without the labour of the ordinary scissors or shears.
I construct the tool after the following manner. The body is formed of metal
(by preference brass or malleable Iron) and the casting is formed as a flat blade
with a curved handle, near the handle on the left flat side of the blade are formed
two small projecting arms opposite each other, and their ends turned parallel with
the blade (they in themselves forming right angles). A saw cut is run down the
centre of the blade and continued between the two projecting arms. Two circular
roller cutters rotate on four centre pointed screws which pass through the blade
on one side and the angled ends of the arms on the other. The cutting portion
of the circular rollers is formed as a raised collar (acute angle shaped) the two
opposite sides being cut transversely with the length of the rollers, The lower
roller is the raised portion of the cutter longer than the upper roller and is let
into a recess formed in the blade so that the cutting edges of the rollers are level
with the side of the blade. Over the remaining cylindrical part of the rollers two
soft flexible rubber washers are stretched. The rollers are set in position so that
these rubber washers press gently one on the other and the raised cutting edges
overlap each other, Thus when the paper is pressed down the saw cut of the
blade, its edge strikes between the rubber washers, which when rotated by the
thumb passes the paper between them, As the rubber washers grip the paper

page_text: the action of its passing between rotates the raised cutters, thus cutting the paper
by simply pressing the tool forward or pulling the paper through the rollers, An
adjustable guide may be affixed on the edge of the blade for trimming wall paper
and cutting strips. Modifications of this tool to cut other material than paper can
be made after the following manner. Instead of commencing by rotating with the
thumb, large raised cutters may be used in which case the upper roller is set in
a rocking fork which is affixed to the body of the tool by a suitable pin, or centre
screws, The upper roller is raised by pressing a suitable press peice attached to
the rocking fork, and depressed by a flat spring affixed between the press peice
and the body of the tool, The raising of the upper roller allows the material to be
placed between the rollers, As the upper roller descends to grip the material
between the rubber washers, the raised edges of the cutters divide the material
and thus start it to be pushed or pulled through the rubber washers. A modification
of the cutters may be made by using one or two loose saucer shaped cutters having
a square shaped hole through their centres to operate on a square spindle driven
by the rubber washers, and held together by spiral springs. But it is obvious
that by using the rubber washers on the circular cutters as drivers, numerous
modifications can be obtained to cut various materials.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Jackson in the Patent Office on the 22nd March 1884.
JOHN JACKSON the younger Engineer of 51 Lorn Road Brixton S.W. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HAND TOOLS FOR CUTTING PAPER AND OTHER MATERIALS
The object of my invention is the production of simple and cheap tools that
may be easily used to cut or shear through paper linnen or cloth and such like
material so as to effect a clean continuous cut without the labour of the ordinary
scissors or shears.
In the drawings Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a tool constructed according
to this invention with roller cutters and under roller upon which the tool will
bear and run and by which the roller cutters will be driven when the tool
is in use.
Fig. 2 is a like view without the under roller.
Figs 3 and 4 are side and end view respectively of cutter similar to Fig 2
without the extended blade.
Figs 5 and 6 represent in side sectional view and front sectional view a
construction of the tool similar to Fig 1 with yielding spring roller of the cutters
for accomodating varying thickness of material.
I construct the tool after the following manner. The body is formed of metal
(by preference brass or malleable iron) and the casting is formed as a flat blade A
with a curved bandle A¹
On one or other side of the blade A are formed two small projecting arms B, B',
(shown in the drawings on the left hand side) opposite each other with their ends
turned parallel with the blade (they in themselves forming right angles and serving
as bearings for rotary rollers C and cutters C'. A saw cut or opening A* is
run down the centre of the blade and continued between the two said projecting
arms B, B
The circular roller cutters C¹ rotate on four centre pointed screws which pass
through the blades A on one side and the angled ends of the arms B, B' on the
other. The cutting portion C¹ of the circular rollers is formed as a raised collar
(acute angled shaped)
The lower roller cutter C is let into a recess A³ (Fig 6) formed in the blade A
so that the cutting edges of the rollers C¹ are level with the side of the blade A.
The rollers C are milled or roughened or are covered with two soft flexible
rubber washers stretched thereon.
The rollers C are set in position so that they press gently on each other and the
raised cutting edges C¹ lie face to face so that their peripheries overlap each other
as shown more particularly in Figs. 4 and 6. Thus when the paper or material
to be cut is passed into or between the saw cut A³ it will strike between the
rollers C which when rotated by the thumb in the case of Figs. 2 and 3 or by the
roller C Figs. 1, 5 and 6 passes the material to be cut between them and the same
is sheared by the roller cutters C¹.
As the rollers C grip the material the action of its passing between rotates the
raised cutters thus cutting the paper by simply pressing the tool forward or pulling
the material through the rollers.
An adjustable guide may be fixed by set screw on the edges of the blade for
trimming wall paper for instance and cutting strips to certain widths.
The centres upon which the cutters C" rotate may be squared to receive or
mount said cutters.
The yielding spring roller C³ is shown in Figs 5 and 6 the object being to
accomodate the operation of the tool upon varying thicknesses of material up to

page_text: the thickness of kamptulicon linoleum or oil cloth or lighter fibrics as allowed for
by the saw cut or slot A* or of lesser thickness
The roller C is bored out or recessed internally as shown in Figs 5 and 6 so as
to play loosely upon the roller C mounted upon its screw centres D and the leaf
springs E secured at their outer ends in the collar F of roller C extend into the
recesses E¹ of the roller C and support it concentrically with the roller C in its
normal condition but with a yielding eccentricity when the material under
manipulation is passed through the tool
The lower driving roller C may be milled or roughed or faced by india rubber
and it is mounted on centres G free to rise and fall in the slotted bearings in the
blade A and arm B¹.
Having now described the nature and particulars of the said Invention
I claim. The improvements in hand tools for cutting paper and other materials
in continuous cuts as herein set forth and described in reference to and shown by
Fig 1 and Fig 2 and by Figs 3 and 4 and by Figs 5 and 6 of the drawings.
In witness whereof I the said John Jackson have hereunto set my hand and
seal this 18th day of March 1884.