A NEW OR IMPROVED MECHANICAL LOADER WITH VARIABLE REGULATOR AND DENSITY FOR ANY FILAMENTOUS AND TEXTILE MATERIAL
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jean Thomas Lemaire, of Hodimont-Verviers, in the
Kingdom of Belgium, Mechanic Spinner, for the Invention of "A NEW OR
IMPROVED MECHANICAL LOADER WITH VARIABLE REGULATOR AND DENSITY
FOR ANY FILAMENTOUS AND TEXTILE MATERIAL."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jean Thomas Lemaire at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th October 1879.
JEAN THOMAS LEMAIRE, of Hodimont-Verviers, in the Kingdom of Belgium,
Mechanic Spinner. "A NEW OR IMPROVED MECHANICAL LOADER WITH VARIABLE
REGULATOR AND DENSITY FOR ANY FILAMENTOUS AND TEXTILE MATERIAL."
"
The present production of the threads or yarns necessary for the manufacture of
the various kinds of textile fabrics requires the use of secondary filamentous
materials, such as wastes, ravellings, silk, cotton, and others; giving the varieties
of products now exacted by fashion and trade. The mechanical spreading of these
non-homogeneous materials presents in the various manipulations, principally in
or loaders
the spinning, difficulties which the various systems of "chargeuses
hitherto employed have been unable to overcome. The irregularities which are
produced in the threads and in the woven fabrics by their defective working have
restricted their use to the feeding of a few preparatory machines, and the carding
or the spreading by hand is preferred for spinning, although its regularity is still
dependent upon the skill, intelligence, and attention of the workman.
Competition has resulted in reduced prices for various kinds of spun goods and
of woven fabrics, and it is sought to compensate these losses by forcing the pro-
duction of the various machines, either by increasing their working breadth, or the
The manual labour
diameter of their parts, or by giving them greater speed.
required from the workman to feed, overlook, and keep the machines in order has
therefore become greater, and it is evident that under these conditions it is
materially impossible that he should do his work with the same regularity and
assiduity. In these various systems the materials to be spread placed in a box
are carried either between two tables, or by a table with books to a distributing
beating-roller furnished with several rows of pins or teeth, which is to equalize the
layer of materials to be allowed to pass to the feeders, then throw it upon the
table or feeding cloth, and discard the overplus into the box.

page_text: It is evident that the looks of the table, the teeth, or the laying, projecting, and
distributing roller, preferably seize and carry away the long materials contained in
a mixture before the short and heavy ones, and it is generally these latter which
are thrown back into the box. It also happens that after the machine has been
working for some time the materials to be spread are no longer in the same
proportions as at starting, thereby causing these irregularities, which the subsequent
manipulations cannot lessen, and of which the results are so prejudicial to the
production of regular merchandize, or goods of uvarying quality or make.
"
None of these machines give any preparatory working of the materials to be
spread, which is however indispensable if the use of the "chargeuse
or loader is
to become more general, by aiding to improve the carding, by suiting it to the
various machines to which it cannot now be applied because it gives very little
saving of hand labour.
"
The improved system of mechanical "chargeuse or loader which forms the
subject of my Invention, not only avoids and does away these defects, but
also affords beyond the systems now in use, and over spreading by hand, great
advantages in regularity, in variety of applications, in saving of labor, of card-
clothing or fittings, and other advantages. The production is increased by the
regularity of the threads or yarn, they do not break so often and give less waste.
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawing forming part of this Provisional
Specification,―
Figures 1 show a "chargeuse" or loader with rotatory regulator applied to a
scribbling-machine ("Droussette or Tockeuse.")
A indicates the box in which the materials to be spread are placed.
A. A moveable supplementary box.
B. Feed-roller furnished with curved prickers or with straight pins or teeth,
according to the materials to be spread.
B'. Clearing or drawing roller.
C. Sorting comb.
D. Regulator with rotatory, ellipsoidal, or reciprocating motion, furnished with
pickers, pins, or toothed blades.
E. Taking off, doffing, or discharging comb.
F. Feeding-cloth or apron furnished with pickers or teeth, isolating or keeping
apart the materials discharged from the roller B.
G. Trough attached to the feeding-cloth F.
H. Roller with cards carrying the materials deposited in the trough G to the
feeders.
I. Intermediate rollers.
J. Feeders.
K. Front roller.
L. Ratchet-wheel giving intermittent motion to the roller B.
M. Lever actuating the ratchet L.
N. Pawl fixed on the lever M. actuating the ratchet L.
O. Cranked shaft for the rotatory motion of the regulator D.
P. Plate fixed on the shaft actuating the lever M.
Q. Lever fixed to the sorting comb C.
R. Pins or spindles fixed on the ratchet L, actuating the lever Q, as well as the
comb E.
S. Driving-gear for the comb E and regulator D, and so on.
"
T. Toothed-gearing transmitting motion from S to O.
Figure 2 shows my improved
machine or a hatchel ("Loup or Brisoir").
chargeuse" or loader applied to a deviling
In this arrangement a single table takes the place of the the clearing or drawing-
roller with the addition of the trough and roller.
The production of this machine being greater, the box is of greater capacity and 5
an oiling apparatus may easily be placed above it.

page_text: ">
Figure 3 shows my improved "chargeuse or loader working with a teasel
clearing machine ("Echardonneuse").
The regulator has an ellipsoidal movement, and the feed-roller B has stronger
teeth set farther apart; the regulator works and sorts the materials for a longer
time and in a more energetic manner in the direction of the length of the fibres.
The direct feed by the trough and roller does not crush the teasels, and the
beaters remove them cleaner and without pieces.
As the slubs or rovings arrive at the first beater, combed, sorted, and open, it
will be evident that is easier to reach and extract the teasels. This system of
comb blades or plates is very suitable for spreading for carding machines.
Figure 4 shows my improved "Chargeuse" or loader with regulator, and density,
and reciprocating motion, working with a scribbling-machine ("Drousse").
Three distinct arrangements are comprised in this Figure.
1º. The materials to be spread rest upon the feed roller B and the table Y, they
are pressed against the feed-roller by the moveable cover ✗, which gives them
the requisite density to permit them to enter between the curved pickers of the
roller B.
2°. The feed-roller B is surrounded with sheet iron, shown also Figure 1, which
also forms the back of the box in which the materials are placed; this is a very
simple and useful arrangement.
3°. The feeding takes place directly to the front by the table or feeding cloth Z,
upon which the materials are spread, and which is placed beneath these feeders.
These latter then travelling in the same direction act as small workers, assisting in
opening the small materials, and so on.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Jean Thomas Lemaire in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
1st April, 1880.
JEAN THOMAS LEMAIRE, of Hodimont-Verviers, in the Kingdom of Belgium,
Mechanic Spinner. "A NEW OR IMPROVED MECHANICAL LOADER WITH VARIABLE
REGULATOR AND DENSITY FOR ANY FILAMENTOUS AND TEXTILE MATERIAL."
The present production of the threads or yarns necessary for the manufacture of
the various kinds of textile fabrics requires the use of secondary filamentous
materials, such as wastes, ravellings, silk, cotton, and others, giving all the varieties
of products now exacted by fashion and trade.
The mechanical spreading of these non homogeneous materials presents in the
various manipulations, principally in the spinning, difficulties which the various
systems of "chargeuses" or loaders hitherto employed have been unable to overcome.
The irregularities which are produced in the threads and in the woven fabrics by
their defective working have restricted their use to the feeding of a few preparatory
machines, and the carding or the spreading by hand is preferred for spinning,
although its regularity is still dependent upon the skill, intelligence, and attention
of the workmen.
Competition has resulted in reduced prices for various kinds of spun goods and of
woven fabrics, and it is sought to compensate these losses by forcing the production
of the various machines, either by increasing their working breadth, or the diameter
of their parts, or by giving them greater speed. The manual labour required from
the workmen to feed, overlook, and keep the machines in order has therefore
become greater, and it is evident that under these conditions is is materially
impossible that he should always do his work with the same regularity and
assiduity.
In these various systems the materials to be spread placed in a box are carried
either between two tables, or by a table with hooks, to a distributing beating-roller
furnished with several rows of pins or teeth, which is to equalize the layer of
materials to be allowed to pass to the feeders, then throw it upon the table or
feeding cloth, and discard the overplus into the box.
It is evident that the hooks of the table, the teeth, or the laying, projecting, and
distributing roller, preferably seize and carry away the long materials contained in
a mixture before the short and heavy ones, and it is generally these latter which
are thrown back into the box. It also happens that after the machine has been
working for some time the materials to be spread are no longer in the same
proportions as at starting, thereby causing these irregularities, which the subsequent
manipulations cannot lessen, and of which the results are so prejudicial to the
production of regular merchandise or goods of unvarying quality or make.
None of these machines give any preparatory working of the materials to be
spread, which is however indispensable if the use of the chargeuse or loader is to
become more general by aiding to improve the carding, by suiting it to the various
machines to which it cannot now be applied because it gives but very little saving
of hand labor.
The improved system of mechanical chargeuse or loader, which forms the subject
of my Invention, not only avoids and does away with these defects, but also affords
beyond the systems now in use, and over spreading by hand, great advantages in
regularity, in variety of applications, in saving of labor, of card clothing or fittings,
and other advantages. The production is increased by the regularity of the threads
or yarn, they do not break so often, and give less waste.
On Sheet 1 of the accompanying 2 Sheets of Drawing forming part of this Specifi
cation Figures 1 shows a "chargeuse" or loader with rotatory regulator applied to a
scribbling machine ("Droussette or Tockeuse"). A indicates the box in which the

page_text: naterials to be spread are placed; A', a moveable supplementary box; B, feed roller
urnished with curved pickers or with straight pins or teeth according to the
naterials to be spread; B¹, clearing or drawing roller; C, sorting comb; D, regulator
with rotary, ellipsoidal, or reciprocating motion, furnished with pickers, pins, or
oothed blades; D', regulator for cleaning the teeth of the first regulator D and
arranging the slivers, slubs, o rovings lengthwise; E, taking off, doffing, or
discharging comb; F, feeding cloth or apron furnished with pickers or teeth,
isolating or keeping apart the materials discharged from the roller B; G, trough
attached to the feeding cloth F; H, roller with cards carrying the materials deposited
in the trough G to the feeders; I, intermediate roller; J, feeders; K, front roller;
L, ratchet wheel giving intermittent motion to the roller B; M, lever actuating
the ratchet L; N, pawl fixed on the lever M actuating the ratchet L; O, cranked
shaft for the rotary motion of the regulator D; P, plate fixed on the shaft O
actuating the lever M ; Q, lever fixed to the sorting comb C; R, pins or spindles
fixed in the ratchet L actuating the lever Q as well as the comb E; S, driving gear
for the comb E and regulator D, and so on; T, toothed gearing transmitting motion
from S to O.
23
Figure 2 shows my improved "chargeuse or loader applied to a deviling
machine or a Hatchel ("Loup" or "Brisoir").
In this arrangement a single table takes the place of the clearing or drawing
roller with the addition of the trough and roller.
The production of this machine being greater the box is of greater capacity, and
an oiling apparatus may be easily placed above it.
Figure 3 shows my improved "chargeuse" or loader working with a teasel clearing
machine ("Echardonneuse").
The regulator has an ellipsoidal movement, and the feed roller B has stronger
teeth set farther apart, the regulator works and sorts the materials for a longer time
and in a more energetic manner in the direction of the length of the fibres.
The direct feed by the trough and roller does not crush the teasels, and the
beaters remove them cleaner and without pieces.
This
As the slivers, slubs, or rovings arrive at the first beater combed, sorted, and
open, it will be evident that it is easier to reach and extract the teasels.
system of comb blades or plates is very suitable for spreading for carding machines.
Figure 4 shows my improved "chargeuse" or loader with regulator, and density,
and reciprocating motion, working with a scribbling machine ("Drousse").
Three distinct arrangements are comprised in this Figure,-
1°. The materials to be spread rest upon the feed roller B and the table Y, they
are pressed against the feed roller by the moveable cover X, which gives them
the requisite density to permit them to enter between the curved pickers of the
roller B.
2°. The feed roller B is surrounded with sheet iron (shown also Fig. 1), which
also forms the back of the box in which the materials are placed, this is a very
simple and useful arrangement.
3°. The feeding takes place directly to the front by the table or feeding cloth Z,
upon which the materials are spread, and which is placed beneath these feeders.
These latter then travelling in the same direction act as small workers, assisting in
opening the small materials, etc.
The advantages of my system are therefore,-
1°. Perfect regularity ensured in the spreading of even the least homogoneous
materials by the action of the feed roller, of the sorting comb, of the regulator, and
of the density.
The feed roller or rollers furnished with curved or straight pickers or pins form
the bottom of the box into which are introduced the matters to be spread; these
latter are therefore seized and carried upward in a certain and regular manner.
They are brought to the sorting comb, which arranges or lays the long slivers,
slubs, or rovings lengthwise of the fibre, shakes, sorts, and divides the broken
masses. The main regulator then equalizes, opens, and combs the slivers, slubs, or

page_text: rovings which are attached to the pickers, pins, or feed roller.
The excess or
overplus is therefore pushed further back in the box awaiting another journey of
the roller B, there is therefore no throwing out or ejection of the materials, all reach
the spreading in their primitive composition after having undergone the preparatory
action of the regulator.
2°. The take off, doffing, or discharging comb, in some cases a ribbed brush, takes
the equalized materials prepared by the spreading and lays them, it does not throw
or shoot them, the one against the other, either upon a table or in a trough provided
with a carrying or drawing roller, to form an equal, even, and not too bulky a layer
to be carried to the feeders or other mechanism. This layer is free from the open
or vacant spaces which are produced in spreading by projection, shooting, or
throwing unless the layer is very thick, which is not favorable to a good carding.
The pins or pickers with which the feeding cloth F is provided retain the slivers,
slubs, or rovings which might otherwise adhere to the comb, and this latter is
therefore always clear.
3. The arrangement of inserting shorter pickers or pins between the longer ones
has the advantage of giving a more regular distribution when very long and very
short materials have to be spread. The long slivers, slubs, or rovings preferably
adhere to the long pins or pickers, and are operated upon more energetically by the
regulator, whereas the shorter, thinner, and more slender pins or pickers take and
hold the shorter materials which the regulator only equalizes, lightly touching the
surface, and which are more easily distributed.
4°. Preparatory treatment of the materials to be spread.
The feed roller with intermittent motion moves forward only when the teeth of
the regulator begin to enter into the materials fixed on the pickers or pins of the
feed roller and ceases to move when they leave them.
The teeth of the regulator are therefore perfectly free or clear after each passage
between those of the feed roller; they may be made to penetrate deeper between
those latter and obtain a perfect sorting-combing of materials, both long and hard
without breaking their filaments, a valuable quality for wool intended for prepara-
tory combing of the materials to be spread, produced by the combined action of the
teeth of the regulator, the feed roller, and the comb, which pass alternately the one
in the other, sort, comb the fibres of short or long slivers, slubs, or rovings length-
wise without deteriorating them before delivering them for spreading; this is not
found in any other system, and is only done slightly and irregularly in spreading
by hand. It is sufficiently improved to suffice in certain cases for one or several
passages through special machines, brakes, hatchels, and carding machines for hair,
flock, and other similar materials. In spinning it replaces with advantage the
preparatory work obtained by the addition of a costly fore-carriage or set of rollers,
the fitting of which to machines of old make is not always practicable.
5°. The mode of working, as well as that of constructing my machines or
apparatuses, does not permit the loss of any material, and the shortest slivers, slubs,
or rovings are spread with regularity.
6°. The spreading of some kinds of filamentous materials in preparatory machines,
such as brakes, or hatchels ("Brisoirs "), beetles, or beaters ("Battoirs"), etc., often
necessitates a certain pressure or density between the drawing or carrying parts,
which in my system is produced by the addition of a moveable cover.
The use of the density also counterbalances the void produced in the box by the
spreading, and ensures a uniform distribution.
The production is regulated as may be required by the materials and the
machines to be worked, without other change than that of modifying the space
between the teeth of the regulator and of the feed roller, and by retarding or
increasing the general speed of the machine.
It will be understood that the arrangements, the dimensions of the various parts,
as well as the toothing of the feed rollers and regulators may be modified; that the 5
sorting comb, the cover, the moveable cover, or density may be used together with
or separately from the regulator, with either a rotary, an ellipsoidal, or a reciprocating

page_text: movement, according to requirement, and the work for which the apparatus is
intended.
Sheet 2 illustrates certain improvements upon my apparatus as above described,
A indicating the box into which are introduced the materials to be spread; B, feed
roller; C, first regulator with rotary movement actuated by C¹ ; D, second regulator
with ellipsoidal movement actuated by D'; E, taking off, doffing, or discharging
comb; F, isolating cloth or apron; G, moveable toothing intended to retain the
materials brought and spread by the comb E on the table H; I, pressure roller;
J, feeders; K, movable back of box A; L, toothed wheel actuating roller B; M,
connecting rod for actuating K; N, stud fixed on L' to actuate M.; O, O¹, bevil
pinions actuating the horizontal shaft P; Q, endless screw actuating toothed
wheel L; R, plate with stud; S, connecting rod; T, toothed disc actuated by R and
S; U, toothed gearing fixed on the comb E; V, toothed beater.
The improvement consist in,-
1°. That the fixed card clothing or fitting of pickers or pins with which the
feeding cloth F was furnished is now fixed upon a noveable plate, so that when the
doffing or discharging comb E charged or loaded with materials reaches the
point X, this card-clothing lowers to let the comb pass more freely, rises again (by
the aid of a spring or of a counterweight) after the passage of E, and upon its
return offers its pickers or pin to free it from the materials and leave them on the
table H.
2º. For long materials the discharging or doffing comb E must travel about
180 degrees, a journey which cannot easily be obtained directly by a connecting rod,
whereas it is obtained without jerk or jolt and with certainty by the differential
movement of the discs T and U.
3°. The come and go or reciprocating movement given to the back K of the
box A by the toothed wheel L, lever M, and stud N has the advantage of loading
or charging the feed roller B with greater regularity, especially when the materials
to be spread are short, or require a certain pressure to make them adhere to the
pickers or pins of the roller B.
4°. To spread materials which are short and easily worked or sorted the first
regulator Ċ may be replaced by the toothed beater V, which is placed at VI, and
serves disengage or free the regulator D.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jean Thomas Lemaire, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty first day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
JEAN THOMAS LEMAIRE. (L.S.)