CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR MILL SPINNING, FOR THE SPINNING OF COTTON, WOOL, SILK, HEMP, AND FLAX, AND SUBSTITUTES POR HEMP AND FLAX, AND WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1805

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, The Right
Honorable ARCHIBALD, Earl of Dundonald, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster the Nineteenth day of November,
in the forty-sixth year of His reign, did give and grant unto me, the said
Archibald, Earl of Dundonald, my exors, adñññors, and assigns, His especial
licence that I, the said Archibald, Earl of Dundonald, my exors, adñors, and
assigns, during the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR MILL SPINNING, FOR THE SPINNING OF COTTON, WOOL, SILK, HEMP, AND FLAX,
AND SUBSTITUTES POR HEMP AND FLAX, AND WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER
USEFUL PURPOSES;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso
obliging me, the said Archibald, Earl of Dundonald, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, to cause a particular description of the nature
of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the said recited
Letters Patent, relation being thereunto had, may more fully and at large
appear..

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Archibald, Earl of Dundonald, do hereby particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, in manner following, videlicit :-
"
That the improvements on mill spinning machinery, for which Patents have
been granted to me, consist principally in an alteration in the construction and
position of the spindles. This is to be done in several different ways. The
first method is hero termed spindle No. 1:-This spindle is in several respects
similar to the common spindle, but it differs from it in one respect, namely,
that the bobbing does not rest on or touch the copping rail, their contact being
prevented by a brass or other worl or ring made to fit, and to rise and fall or
traverse on the spindle in which there is a grove cut lengthways, and into this
grove a screw or pin is made to fit, which passes through the brass or other
worl, so that, when the spindle is made to turn round, the worl must turn
round with it. The worl is moved up and down on the spindle by a rail com-
municating with the heart or other motion. This rail fits into a grove cut
or turned in the brass or other work, on which revolving, worl, and not on the
copping rail, the bottom of the bobbing rests. The uptake of the bobbin
is regulated by applying to it a spring, band, weight, lever, or any other
substance capable of retarding its revolutions. Spindle No. 2:―This spindle
is similar in one respect to the one already described, inasmuch as the
bobbin does not touch the copping rail, and that the bobbin is carried
round by the spindle in a manner nearly similar. The flyer of the spindle
does not unscrew. The haft or warf is not permanently fixed on the
spindle, which draws through the haft when the bobbin is changed. The
under part of the spindle is made square, or of any other figuro different from
that of a circle; and a corresponding shape is given to the interior part
of the moveable haft, so that the spindle may correctly fit it. The same
effect may be produced in many ways; for instance, by cutting a grove
lengthways in the lower part of the spindle, into which a screw or pin
from the haft is to be made to fit, so that by this grove and pin the motion of
the haft when turned by the band will be communicated to the spindle. The
haft on which the band passes has small projecting shoulders or ends, which,
when the bobbin is changed, drop into rests made in a rail or rails which
support the shifting haft with the band on it. On the upper shoulder
of the haft the bobbin rests, not on any copping rail, so that the bobbin is
carried round and is retarded in the same manner as spindle No. 1. The
spindle No. 2 has bearings at its two extremities; the upper end of the spindle
has an eye in it like a foot-wheel spindle; it revolves in a circle or semicircle of

page_text: brass, steel, or other substance, while the lower end of the spindle fits into a
step similar to the common spindle. The bobbin does not rise and fall, or
traverse up and down on the spindle; "the spindles are placed in a frame, which
frame containing the spindles is by the heart or other motion made to traverse
up and down, while the haft and bobbin may in one sense (excepting as to the
revolving motion) be deemed stationary. Spindle No. 3:-This is a compound
of the two already-described spindles. It has a grove cut in it lengthways
like spindle No. 1; it has likewise the brass or other revolving worl or ring on
which the bobbin rests, with a pin to fit the grove; it has the shifting haft of
spindle No. 2. Its flyer and spindle are in one like spindle- No. 2; conse-
quently. the flyer does not unscrew when the bobbin is changed, the spindle
being made to draw through the shifting haft. The spindle is supported at
its two ends in the same manner as spindle No. 2, but the frame in which the
spindles are placed is fixed, and nothing moves up and down but the brass
worl, the copping rail, and bobbin; the revolution of the bobbin is retarded as
has already been described. Spindle No. 4:-This spindle goes upon bearings
at its two extremities like spindles No. 2 and 3; its haft or warf shifts or is
removeable; the bobbin does not rest on a brass or other worl, but in the usual
way; the retarding motion is given according to the methods now generally
known or practiced, or which may hereafter be adopted.
As it is extremely difficult to describe all the different varieties of spindles,
whether made in one or in two pieces, I think it proper here to state that the
prominent features of the improvements I have been describing are:-the
making the spindle to carry round the bobbin without the action of the yarn
or thread, and that whether the spindle be in one or in more pieces; the
making the haft or warf at times to shift or remove from off the spindle; the
supporting the spindle at its two extremities and placing it in an inclined
position, so as that the yarn or thread shall not in its direction form an angle
with the rollers; the retarding the revolutions of the bobbin carried round by
the agency of the spindle, so as to regulate the uptake of the yarn on the
bobbin by a power unconnected with the motion of the spindle, or with the
action and pull of the yarn as in the common spindle, in which last the uptake
of the yarn is occasioned by the very yarn itself pulling or dragging round the
bobbin, or, in other words, giving the bobbin the motion necessary to occasion
the uptake of the yarn, which is directly contrary to the principles on which the
improved spindle is constructed, in which the object is to retard the revolutions
of the bobbin, and not to give it motion. Spindles such as have been described
are in a preferable manner adapted for making rovings, likewise for throwing
and twisting thread or yarn of cotton, silk, wool, flax, and hemp, or other

page_text: substitutes; likewise for twisting or laying sail twine, net twine, fishing lines,
and all lines, twines, cords, and ropes of any size or description; and these
applications of the Invention are included under the words of the Patent,
which states, "and which is also applicable to certain other Useful Purposes."
In witness whereof, I, the said Archibald, Earl of Dundonald, have
hereunto sot my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of May, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and six.