IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING SPIKES AND RIVETS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents,
.66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughts-
man, for the Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING
SPIKES AND RIVETS."-A communication from abroad by John Oliver
Reilley and Alexander Wiley, both of Baltimore, in the State of
Maryland, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st November 1866.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING
SPIKES AND RIVETS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel arrangement of machinery for making
railway and other spikes and rivets, or bolts for boiler plates, and which will
admit of the apparatus for bending over the spike head and pointing the
[Price 8d.]

page_text: spike, being readily thrown in or out of action at pleasure. The bed of the
machine is fitted with a fixed and a movable horizontal die for gripping the
bar or rod that is to be converted into spikes, bolts, or rivets as it is fed into
the machine. The moveable die slides in horizontal guides, and is traversed
to and fro by means of a rotary cam on a longitudinal shaft and a coiled spring
acting alternately. On the same longitudinal shaft is a cam which thrusts
forward a gauge to receive the end of the rod as it is fed forward and to
determine the length of the feed; this gauge is also drawn back (when the
rod is clamped in the dies) by means of a spring. By the side of the fixed
die guides are formed for a cutter, which by means of a cam and tension cord
or its equivalent is forced forward to cut the rod and withdrawn to be ready to
repeat the operation; the cam which works. this cutter is mounted on a
second longitudinal shaft on the opposite side of the machine to that which
carries the first-named shaft, and these two londitudinal shafts are driven
through bevil gearing through a transverse driving shaft. The second
longitudinal shaft carries a second cam which operates an ejector for forcing
the finished spikes out of the machine, the ejector being withdrawn by a
spring. Above the horizontal dies is mounted a pointing die which slides in
vertical guides, and is connected by a link to a forked rock lever having its
bearings on side standards. Jointed to the ends of the forks are pendent
arms which bear upon cams on the cross driving shaft, and by the rotation of
these cams the rock lever is set in action and caused to raise and depress
the pointing die. Provision is made on the under dies corresponding to the
taper of this die to complete the formation of the point, the same standards
that carry the forked rock lever carry also a second and smaller rock lever
which carries a die for striking down or bending over the head of the spike.
At its opposite end this small rock lever carries a pendant arm which bears
upon a. cam on the cross shaft, and is operated thereby. When it is desired
to throw out of action the pointing die and the die for bending over the head
of the spike it will be only requisite to lift the pendent arms of their rock levers
and keep them clear of the operating cams. The header for spreading the
end of the spike or bolt slides in horizontal guides in the centre of the
machine, and it is also operated by a cam on the transverse shaft. The return
motion of the header is effected by means of a spring.
The parts move in the following order: The gauge is advanced to
determine the length of the piece of iron required, the moveable side die grips
the iron against the stationary side die, the gauge is retracted, the cutter is
advanced and severs the piece, the die is depressed which bends the head end
over to make the hook and is then retraced, the upper or pointing die and

page_text: the header are then advanced, and the operation is completed; the pointing
die, moveable side die, and the header are then drawn back to release the
spike, and the ejector being advanced pushes it from its bed, from whence it
drops on the floor, and the ejector is then drawn back..as naiys
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
: by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 21st May 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent bearing date the Twenty-first day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Alfred Vincent Newton, Her special licence that I, the said Alfred
Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED
MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING SPIKES AND RIVETS," being a communication to
me from abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Alfred
Vincent Newton, my executors, or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
This Invention relates to a novel arrangement of machinery for making
railway and other spikes, and rivets or bolts for boiler plates, and which will

page_text: admit of the apparatus for bending over the spike head and pointing the spike
being readily thrown in or out of action at pleasure.
In the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 is a plan or top view of the improved
spike and rivet machine; Fig. 2. is a longitudinal vertical section. of the same.
on the line x, x, Fig. 1; and Fig. 3 is a vertical transverse section on the
line,, Fig. 1. In this machine the levers which operate the head bending
and the pointing die are made capable of being thrown out of connection with
their operating cams by simply turning their pivotted arms out of range, so
that the machine may be adjusted for making hooked-headed or plain spikes
or rivets at pleasure. The gauge moves in the same plane as the moving die
and maintains its position until the header is about to advance. The cutter is
advanced after the iron is clamped by the dies, so that it is not thrown out of
position by the action of cutting.
The parts move in the following order :-The gauge is advanced to determine
the length of the piece of iron required, the moveable side die grips the iron
against the stationary side die, the gauge is retracted, the cutter is advanced
and severs the piece, the die is depressed, which bends the head end over to
make the hook, and is then retracted, the upper or pointing die and the header
are then advanced, and the operation is completed; the pointing die, moveable
side die, and the header are then drawn back to release the spike, and the
ejector being advanced pushes it from its bed, from whence it drops on the
floor, and the ejector is then retracted.
In the Drawing, A, A, is the frame of the machine supported upon legs B.
C is a stationary die supported in the frame and having faces which answer
to two sides of the square spike to be formed; D is the moveable die opposed
to die C, and is operated at suitable times by the cam E on the shaft F, whose
motion is derived through the gearing G, H, from the main shaft I, upon which
the driving belt pulleys J, J, are mounted. The moveable die D slides in
suitable guides in the frame A, and the friction of contact therewith of the
cam E is lessened by the interposition of the roller d. The retraction of the
die D is made by the spring ; the gauge K is a sliding bar moving inways
in the frame, being thrust forward so as to intercept the end of the bar when
it is fed into the machine, and retracted in time for the header to perform its
duty upon the same part of the bar; the forward motion is obtained by the
cam L on the shaft F, which bears upon the roller M carried by the gauge K;
the return motion is made by a spring N; O is the cutter which moves in
ways alongside the stationary die C; it is operated by a cam P on the shaft Q,
which is rotated through gearing G*, H*, by the main shaft I. The return
motion or retraction of the cutter is effected by a spring or by a weight R, as

page_text: may be found most convenient; the cam S on the shaft Q operates the
ejector. T to discharge the formed spike from the machine; the ejector is
retracted by a spring T* as soon as the cam ceases to bear upon it.
The upper
or pointing die U moves in vertical guides in the frame V, and is pivotted to
a link pendent from one end of a lever W, which has its bearings in the
standards X; the other end of the lever W is forked, and to the prongs are
pivotted pendent arms Y, which carry antifriction rollers; a rocking motion is
given to the lever W by the contact of the hanging arms Y with a pair of
cams Z on the main shaft I, and thus the pointing die U is set in action; the
lower face of the upper or pointing die U has a curve or angle, which answers
to one of the tapered faces of the spike, while the bed upon which the iron is
pressed by the descent of the die is curved or shaped in like manner to fashion
the other tapered face of the spike; the arms Y are pivotted to the lever W,
so as to enable them to be thrown back out of reach of the cams Z when the
lever. W is, not required to operate the die U as in working upon rivets which
do not require pointing; pivotted in the standards X is an axle a to which a
rock lever b is keyed, to the rear end of this lever a pendent arm c is pivotted,
in which an antifriction roller is mounted that bears upon the cam e on the
main shaft I; pivotted to the other end of the lever b is a die or plunger f,
whose duty it is in descending to bend over the end of the iron which was
formerly in contact with the gauge, so that the header shall make a hook head
to the spike; g is the header, whose face h is made to correspond with the
fashion of the head required; the header moves in guides upon the portions
i, i, of the frame, the effective impulse being given by the cam e, which at
another part of its stroke operates the lever b, and the return motion is made
by the spring i, which is connected to the header by a rod k and stirrups l.
To avoid friction between the points of contact of the cam and the header the
latter is provided with an antifriction roller; the hanging arms Y are so
adjusted as to retain a vertical or horizontal position, as may be required, and
the same remark applies to the arm c upon the lever b, which is only required
to be used when making hook-headed spikes; the dies are made to correspond
in form or proportions with the article to be made, which may be of square
(such as railroad spikes), or of round iron (such as rivets), and of various
lengths pointed or unpointed with hook heads or square heads; the fact that
the pointer die U will be used only when pointed articles are to be made, and
the mode of rendering inoperative has already been explained, and the mode
of throwing out of operation the die which bends over the hook has also
been referred to, but it is also necessary to provide for different lengths, which
is done by shortening the dies and blocking up between them and the front of

page_text: the frame, the cutter being adjusted so as to operate in direct contact with
the stationary die, and having the retracing cord and pulley adjusted.corre-
spondingly. It is usual to affix the cutter to the moving die and: to cut the
bar the first thing, and before it is fairly gripped; by this means it is frequently
so thrown out of position that it fails to make a perfect article; but this
difficulty is avoided by providing for gripping the iron before it is cut; as above
explained.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of "improved machinery
for manufacturing spikes and rivets," as communicated to me from abroad; and
explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to-be under-
stood that under the above in part recited Letters Patent I claim, ::
First, in combination with the vertically moving dies U and f, and the
levers W, b, the pivotted arms Y, c, operating substantially as for the purpose
described.
• Second, the gauge K, arranged in relation to the moving die D, and the
header, as described.
M
Third, in combination with the moving die C adjustable for various lengths
of spikes, I claim The cutter O arranged in ways alongside the stationary die,
and operating against the plain face of the moving die after the iron is gripped
between the dies, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Twenty-first day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
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