CERTAIN ARRANGEMENTS OF MACHINERY FOR FORMING SLIVERS AS THEY COME FROM THE CARDING ENGINE INTO THREADS, AND FOR WINDING THE THREADS ON BOBBINS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street, in
the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "CERTAIN
ARRANGEMENTS OF MACHINERY FOR FORMING SLIVERS AS THEY COME FROM THE
CARDING ENGINE INTO THREADS, AND FOR WINDING THE THREADS ON
BOBBINS." A communication from abroad by Louis Victor Lemaignen,
-
Tiioux France
Sealed the 24th July 1860, and dated the 31st January 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald
Brooman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 31st January 1860.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN ARRANGEMENTS OF MACHINERY FOR FORMING SLIVERS AS THEY COMж
FROM THE CARDING ENGINE INTO THREADS. AND FOR WINDING THE THREADS ON
BOBBINS," (communicated to me from abroad by Louis Victor Lemaignen,
of Lisieux, France,) to be as follows:-
This machinery is intended to form a continuation of the carding engine,
and performs the three operations of drawing, twisting, and then of winding
the thread on to bobbins.

page_text: The arrangements consist, first, of drawing apparatuses composed of series
of rotary friction surfaces, the speed at which they are driven being progres-
sively greater, or their circumferences increased, with their distance from the
carding engine. In contact with the lower surface of each rotary friction
surface, and on each side thereof, are two rollers, between which and under the
rotary friction surface the sliver passes. On leaving the last in the series, the
material in course of being formed into thread passes down under a guide
roller and up over a roller made to rotate slowly. Over this roller a nipping
roller is placed, the bearings of which are free to rise and fall; the material
passes on to the flyers of a spindle on which the receiving bobbin is placed.
The second operation, twisting, is performed thus:-When the nipping roller
is down, the flyers impart the twist to the thread, and on its being raised by the
action of the transmitting gear, the whole of which is driven from one main
shaft, the third operation, winding, takes place. The portion of thread twisted
as last described is wound by the same flyers on the bobbin; continuous
rotary motion is imparted to the flyers, while a differential motion is trans-
mitted to the bobbin by means of double conical gear and toothed wheels
and pinions. By slipping a belt (effected by the action of the machinery)
along two of the conical surfaces the speed of the receiving bobbin is
regulated to suit its gradually increasing diameter by the accumulation of
thread thereon; a guide, as is usual in spinning machinery, travels up and
down to lay the thread regularly on the bobbin.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 31st July 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said
Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time

page_text: and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and law-.
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,and Isle of Man,an Invention.
for CERTAIN ARRANGEMENTS OF MACHINERY FOR FORMING SLIVERS AS THEY COME
PROM THE CARDING MACHINE INTO THREADS, AND FOR WINDING THE THREADS ON.
BOBBINS," (communicated from Louis Victor Lemaign=n, of Lisieux, France,)
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Richard. Archibald.
Brooman, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly.
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after.
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, thereof, reference being had to the Drawings bereunto
annexed, that is to say:-
This machinery is intended to form a continuation of the carding engines,
and performs the three operations of drawing, twisting, and then of winding
the thread on the bobbins.
The arrangements consist, first, of drawing apparatuses composed of series of
rotary friction surfaces, the speed at which they are driven being progressively
greater,or their circumferences increased, with their distances from the carding
engine. In contact with the lower surface of each rotary friction surface, and
on each side thereof, are two rollers, between which and under the rotary
friction surface the sliver passes. On leaving the last in the series, the
material in course of being formed into thread passes down under a guide
roller and up over a roller made to rotate slowly. Over this roller a nipping.
roller is placed, the bearings of which are free to rise and fall; the material
passes on to the flyers of a spindle on which the receiving bobbin is placed.
The second operation, twisting, is performed thus:-When the nipping roller
is down,the flyers impart.the twist to the thread;and.on its being raised by the
action of the transmitting gear, thewholeof which is driven from one mainshaft,
the third operation, "winding," takes place. The portion of thread twisted
as last-described is wound by the same flyers on the bobbin; continuous rotary:
motion is imparted to the flyers, while a differential motion is.transmitted to
the bobbin by means of double conical gear and toothed wheels and pinions.

page_text: By slipping a belt (effected by the action of the machinery) along two of
the conical surfaces the speed of the receiving bobbin is regulated to suit
its gradually increasing diameter by the accumulation of thread thereon; a
guide, as is usual in spinning machinery, travels up and down to lay the
thread regularly on the bobbin.
The accompanying Drawings illustrate the manner in which this Invention
is carried into effect. A, Figure 1, is the drum of the carding engine; the
drawing of the fibres is effected by the rotary friction surfaces B, B1, B¹¹,
driven at progressively increasing speed as before stated. The number of
these surfaces may vary, but their number and their combined action must be
such that they will work evenly; for this purpose, it is necessary that their
speed may admit of being changed winding,to requirement,and this is provided
for through the pinions which impart rotary motion to them. The manner in
which one is driven is shewn at Figure 2. The twisting is produced by the
following arrangements:-The rotary motion of the last friction surface B11
being continuous, the yield is also continuous; but on the other hand, the
spindles having to impart twist to the thread and afterwards wind it, the
delivery of the sliver cannot be continuous, it must cease during the twisting,
and proceed again during the winding. To effect this, I place at some distance
from the last friction surface B", Figure 1, two rollers C, C, one above the
other. The axis of the upper roller C is inserted in slides D, D, in such
manner as to allow it to rise and fall alternately; it receives its up-and-down
motion from a connecting rod jointed to an eccentric O. The lower roller C¹
may be grooved, and has imparted to it a slow rotary motion. The sliver z
passes from the friction surface B" between these two rollers C, C', and
thence to the spindle M. Thus the up-and-down motion of the upper
roller being in relation with the yield from the friction surface B", when
the roller Crises, free passage is allowed to the sliver, and then the winding
takes place; when the roller descends and presses on the lower roller C¹, it
nips the sliver and the twisting is produced.
It
The following is the course of the sliver z after itleaves the frictionsurfaces.
passes downwards under a guide roller pa distance equal to about half that
between the rollers C, C, and the spindle M; the sliver then rises, passes
between the rollers C, C1, and thence to the spindle M. The speed at which
the upper roller C rises and falls is governed by that at which the least friction
surface B revolves. The eccentric shaft O, which drives the roller C,is itself
driven by conical pinions on the eccentric shaft q, which drives the friction
surfaces B, B', B".. On altering the speed of the last friction surface B11, and

page_text: thereby changing its yield, it is indispensable that the up-and-down motion of
the upper roller C be changed in proportion, and this is effected by changing
one of the conical pinions r, that is to say, if, for example, it is desired to
increase the yield from the friction surface by one tenth, the speed at which
the roller C rises and falls must also be increased one tenth. The twisting
and winding cannot take place simultaneously, but the operations are per-
formed alternately; the twisting requires a continuous rotary motion of the
spindles,and the winding requires a differential motion. Between two toothed
wheels K and N, Figure 1, each driven, but at different speeds, through
wheels in connection with the eccentric shaft O, there is fitted at the lower
end of a balance lever r, movable on a stud or centre, a small toothed
pinion I the upper end of this lever is furnished with a projection b, which
rests upon the slides D, D. The pinion I, between the two wheels K, N,
which rotate at different speeds, alternately gears with and into one and the
other, either with the wheel K, which drives the twisting apparatus, when the
roller C is depressed, or with the wheel N, which drives the winding appa-
ratus, when the roller C is raised. The speed of the spindles during the
twisting is regular, but as it must vary with the degree of twist to be given to
the thread, I regulate it in the following manner:-
-The spindles Mare driven
in a similiar manner to the spindles of a mule jenny; the motion is communi
cated by a belt passed round a roller L and the spindle pulley, but at each
end of the roller I fit a cone t, t¹, shown in detail, Figure 3. One of the
cones receives motion to produce the twisting, the other t¹ receives motion
to produce the winding. The first cone t is divided by means of small holes
into a certain number of equal parts. On the shaft u of the small pinion I,
placed between the two toothed wheels K, N, there are two other cones V, VI,
corresponding with the others on the roller L. The cone V is divided in a
similar manner to the coue t, and by means of a peg inserted into corre-
sponding holes on each of the cones, the belt is maintained in any desired
position on them, and the speed at which the spindles are driven is altered.
The motion of the spindles during the winding cannot be regular, for if, on one
hand, the quantity of thread produced by the last friction surface is constant,
the quantity of thread wound ought also to be constant; on the other hand, the
winding being produced by the action of the spindles, the bobbins on them
increase in circumference with the thread wound ou, and consequently their
drawing power is augmented. It is necessary therefore that their motion be
differential, that is to say, that it diminishes in proportion to the increase in
the circumference of the bobbins. To. produce this differential motion the

page_text: belt which encircles the cones t,V,is passed through the forked or looped end
of a rod, Figure 4, the opposite end of which is formed into a rack, which takes
into the teeth of a pinion, whereby it is caused to advance on the cones as the
winding goes on. At the same time that the pinion I puts the cones in motion
when it is in gear with the wheel N, it also moves a small guide, in which
passing horizontally over all the threads, guides them from top to bottom of
the spindle as in ordinary spinning machinery. It has been before stated that
in order to give the necessary twist to the sliver after it has been drawn by the
friction surfaces, and to wind the thread, the spindles of an ordinary "mule
jenny" are used; in some cases, however, these spindles can with advantage
be replaced by winged spindles (broches àailettes), in which case, for example,
where at the same time that the sliver is stretched it receives a partial twist.
I fit these spindles to a card immediately after the last friction roller, they take
the fibres after they leave the friction surface as a sliver, or when the sliver
has passed between two or more small drawing rollers, and I impart the
differential motion to these spindles by means of the cones before described.
This mode of operation is, however, susceptible of some modifications.
The following is the manner in which the twist is given to the sliver whilst
it is being drawn:-Between each friction surface I place a horizontal line of
bobbins (bobinos), in number equal to the number of slivers: They produce
the twist required during the drawing, in order that the thread may have
sufficient power to support the motion of the winged spindles. One of the
improved bobbins is shewn at Figure 5. The sliver A¹ enters the bobbin at R,
and issues at R¹; a strap placed at C" imparts motion to the bobbins placed
at D', D', on a bobbin carrier; on leaving, the sliver rests upon wire loops E,
which force it to twist.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,―
First, the machinery for performing the three operations of drawing,
twisting, and then of winding the thread on to bobbins, the said machinery
forming a continuation of the carding engine, the whole being arranged and
operating essentially in the manner herein-before described and illustrated
in the accompanying Drawings.
Second, the arrangement of machinery for producing the to-and-fro vertical
motion of the roller by which the thread is held during its twisting, as herein-
before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Third, the method of producing thetwisting by spindles through the action
of cones, as herein-before described. .

page_text: Fourth, the method of producing the differential motion for winding the
thread, as herein-before described.
Fifth, the improved bobbin herein-before described and illustrated at
Figure 3 of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, 'I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of July, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty.
R. A. BROOMAN. (L.s.)