Year: 1895

page_text: I FREDERIC WILLIAM BARKER 33^ Broadway, Hammersmith, London, W.
Heating and Ventilating Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
My invention relates to ventilators which are fixed so as to utilize external wind
or other air currents for causing au apdraught in ventilating and other flues and
for extracting vitiated air, vapor, and gases, from apartments, buildings, and other
places, and for all purposes for which wind current ventilators or cowls may be
used. It belongs to the class in which separate "baffle or guiding plates are
used, as distinguished from those in which the use of such has been avoided.
"
Its main features are, one or more vertical shafts, (hereinafter referred to as
"inner chamber or chambers") of rectangular, annular, or other horizontal section;
surrounded, or in other side contact with a number (preferably an equal number)
of vertical shafts (hereinafter referred to as "outer chamber or chambers")
immediately adjacent to the inner ones and preferably having in horizontal section,
a combined total area about equal to, or not less than, the combined total area of
the inner chambers.
In each of the outer chambers a narrow vertical air-outlet slit or opening is
formed, preferably having edges projecting slightly outwards, and this opening is
preferably equal in total outlet area to the area, in horizontal section, of the
chamber.
Opposite each of these vertical outlet openings is fixed a vertical baffle or
guiding plate, of flat or curved section, so formed and placed as to cause the wind
or air passage between its inner surface and the vertical outlet opening which it
protects, to be gradually or otherwise narrowed so that the narrowest part of the
passage is opposite the outlet opening. The baffle plates form the external portion
of the ventilator, and in some cases they are made hollow so that their outer
sides can be made to suit the form it is desired that the ventilator shall have
externally. Hollow spaces thus formed are not used as air passages.
The lower ends of the baffle plates, and also the lower ends of the outer chambers
rest upon a horizontal plate which can be flat or convex, and which forms a portion
of the base of the ventilator. This plate is solid except where the inner chamber
or chambers are continued downwards through it to form a nozzle or nozzles for
connecting in the usual way to the apartment or apartments from which the air or
gases is to be drawn. At the sides of the bottom plate are flanges projecting
downwards, for fixing over a wood bed on roof or clswhere, in usual way; or the
base is formed for fixing on the end of a pipe or shaft in the usual way.
The upper ends of the inner and outer chambers and baffle plates, are
surmounted and connected or held together by a horizontal flat, convex, or
concave plate upon which may he superimposed a cap or conical or other shaped
roof.
At the upper ends of the inner and outer chambers-just below the level of the
horizontal plate, lateral communication is provided for the passage of air from the
inner to the outer chambers, by a V or other shaped opening or openings in
the upper end of the vertical wall dividing the inner chambers from the nearest or
other one or more of the outer chambers. This opening in the vertical wall is
preferably of area equal to or greater than the horizontal sectional area of the
inner, or outer chambers which it connects.

page_text: To prevent back draught or the reversal of the outward current, silk, mica, or
other valves or flaps; hinged, pivoted, balanced or otherwise arranged to move
or slide may be used in front of the V or other shaped openings, or otherwise, or
clswhere.
Wind or air-currents striking the ventilator enter at the external openings
between the edges of the baffle plates-pass through the narrowed space between
the inner surface of the baffle plate and the outlet opening of the outer chamber,
and then escape from the ventilator at the external opening or openings on the
leeward side. In its passage across the outlet openings the wind exerts an
extracting effect upon the air in the outer chambers and each of these draws its
supply of air from the inner chamber or chambers with which it communicates
through the lateral or other opening or provision at or near the top, connecting the
air-spaces of the inner and outer chambers.
The inner chambers in turn draw their supply of air from below, and are
connected in the usual manner by means of air-shafting or tubing, to the apartment
or other pince from which it is desired to extract.
Instead, however, of all the lower ends of the inner chambers being collectively
connected to one apartment only, by only one such shaft, a separate shaft can he
connected to the lower end of each of the inner chambers, and these shafts can be
conducted into different or opposite directions so that each one may serve a different
apartment or a different part of the same apartment. Therefore a form of this
ventilator in which four inner, and four outer chambers are used, can be utilized
for ventilating four separate apartments, each air-way-connected pair of inner and
outer chambers forming practically a complete ventilator and having no internal
communication with the other three pairs of chambers.
Although each inner chamber has preferably an air-way connection to only one
outer chamber, it may in some modifications have an air-way connection to two or
more outer chambers. Or more than one inner chamber may he connected to only
one outer chamber.
In one of the modifications the air-way connection between the inner and outer
chambers at their upper ends is effected by arranging for both inuer and outer
chambers to open upwards into the chamber above, formed by the cap or roof, the
horizontal plate fixed across top of chambers in the first described arrangement
being, in this arrangement, open in the centre, and only existing as regards the
outer portion required to hold the top edges of baffle plates in position and to
support the base of cap or roof. In this arrangement the V or other shaped side
air-way-connection passages may be dispensed with, the vitiated or other air being
delivered upwards into the top chamber from which the outer chambers draw their
supply. The top chamber may be divided vertically or otherwise so that the air
delivered by each particular inner chamber shall be supplied only to one particular
outer chamber, and the top opening of each inner chamber may be surmounted by
a hinged, pivoted, balanced or other flap or valve.
Externally the ventilator in horizontal section may be of annular, rectangular,
octagonal or other form, and the horizontal-sectional form of the baffle plates, inner
chambers, and outer chambers can be largely varied and separately or jointly
altered or modified in a large variety of ways.
A typical arrangement of this invention has four pairs of chambers-the
arrangement being as follows:-Four vertical flat plates are arranged so that
in horizontal section they form a rectangular figure- the four angles or corners
being left open by keeping the eight edges of the four plates a small
distance apart. These vertical openings form the outlet openings of the outer
chambers, and the edges of the plates are preferably turned slightly outwards to
form lips. Opposite each of these corner openings is fixed a vertical flat or curved
baffle plate forming the gradually narrowing wind passage opposite the vertical
outlet or extracting opening. Inside the rectangular figure are placed four other
vertical Hat plates which form a second but smaller and complete rectangular figure
inside the larger incomplete one. The corners or angles of this figure are opposite

page_text: to and intersect the centres of the walls of the outer figure-so that four separated
outer chambers each of triangular horizontal section are thus formed, each with its
Jargest side forming part of the centre figure. This centre figure is then divided
into four vertical chambers, also of triangular horizontal section, by means of four
vertical plates radiating from its centre to its four corners. These four inner
triangular shaped chambers are of similar size and form to the outer chambers,
but are inverted so that each inner chamber with its adjacent outer chamber form a
small rectangular figure-the longest sides of the two triangles forming an oblique
division across same. The air-way connection between each pair is formed by the
V shaped opening described hereinbefore and formed in the top of this dividing
plate. A V shaped silk or other flap is hung in each outer chamber in front of this
opening, which may have wire gauze or other mesh across for the silk to
hang against.
In other modifications of the horizontal section the group of inner chambers may
form externally a figure with four or more concave sides or may form a circle-
or any other geometrical figure; and the group of outer chambers may form
externally a similar or different figure to that adopted for the inner chambers.
In one modification a smoke or other separate flue, or portion or branch of the
main ventilating flue, may be formed or placed up the centre or otherwise-of
the group of inner chambers, and upon this shaft, which is preferably annular in
horizontal section, rising above the cap or roof of the main ventilator, the open
end is enlarged externally by fixing two hollow truncated cones attached to cach
other at their widest parts-the lower one being inverted, and the air-passage or
shaft being continued up through them and terminating at the level of the top
truncation.
At a suitable distance 'above this air or smoke exit, is fixed another hollow
truncated cone of similar size, inverted, and open at the point of truncation. The
top of this inverted cone is closed by its flat base which forms the roof and which
may be made convex or conical instead of flat. This upper truncated cone is
supported above the uppermost of the lower pair-by means of three or more or
less-hollow tubes or stays. These tubes are open at their lower, and also their upper,
ends. Their lower ends communicate with the air in the shaft through the air space
in the lower cones & through openings into latter into the walls of shaft. The
upper ends communicate with the air space in the top cone which they support.
Wind currents passing through the gradually narrowed horizontal space between
the two truncated cones are compressed and cause a double suction, extracting
smoke or air upwards direct from the shaft, and downwards from the top truncated
cone, the latter drawing its supply through the supporting tubes from below.
A flat horizontal or other fixed or movable plate or plates may be placed equidistant
or otherwise between the two upper truncated cones, to equalize or otherwise the
the work done by each, or for other purposes.
Dated this 26th day of February 1895.
FREDERIC WILLIAM BARKER.
I FREDERIC WILLIAM BARKER 33 Broadway, Hammersmith, London, W.
Heating and Ventilating Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to ventilators which are fixed so as to utilize external wind
or other air currents for causing an up-draught in ventilating and other flues
and for extracting vitiated air, vapor, and gases, from apartments, buildings, and

page_text: other places, and for all purposes for which wind-current ventilators may be
used. It belongs to the class in which separate baffle or guiding plates are used,
as distinguished from those in which the use of such has been avoided.
Its main features are one or more vertical shafts (hereinafter referred to as inner
chamber or chambers) of rectangular annular or other horizontal section, surrounded
by and in contact with an equal or greater number of outer chambers, immediately
adjacent to the inner ones and preferably having in horizontal section a combined
total area about equal to, or not less than the combined or total area of the inner
chamber or chambers. In each of the outer chambers a narrow vertical slit or
opening is formed, preferably but not necessarily having edges projecting slightly
outwards and this opening is, in total outlet area equal to or greater than the area
in horizontal section of the chamber.
Opposite each of the vertical outlet openings is fixed a vertical baffle or guiding
plate of flat or curved section, so formed and placed as to cause the wind or air
passage between its inner surface and the vertical outlet opening, which it protects,
to be gradually or otherwise narrowed, so that the narrowest part of the passage
opposite the outlet opening. These baffle plates form the external portion of the
ventilator, and in some cases they are made hollow, so that their outer sides can be
made to suit the form it is desired that the ventilator shall have externally. Hollow
spaces thus formed are not used as air passages. The lower ends of the baffle
plates, and also the lower ends of the outer chambers rest upon a horizontal plate,
which can be either flat or convex and which forms a portion of the base of the
ventilator. This plate is solid except where the inner chamber or chambers are
continued downwards through it to form a nozzle or nozzles for connecting in the
usual way to the apartment or apartments from which the vitiated or other air or
gas is to be drawn. At the sides of the bottom plate are flanges projecting
downwards for fixing over a wood bed ou roof or elsewhere in usual way, or the
base is formed for fixing at the end of a pipe or shaft in the usual way.
The upper ends of the chambers and battle plates are surmounted and connected
or held together, by a horizontal, flat, convex or concave plate upon which is
superimposed a cap or conical or other shaped roof.
In one form of this ventilator at the upper end of the inner & outer chambers
just below the level of the horizontal plate, lateral communication for the passage
of air is provided between the inner & outer chambers by forming a V or other
shaped opening or openings in the upper end of the vertical wall, dividing the inner
chamber or chambers from the nearest adjacent or other one or more of the outer
chambers. This opening in the vertical wall is preferably of area equal to or
greater than the horizontal sectional area of the inner and outer chambers, which
it connects,
To prevent back draught or the reversal of the outward current, silk, mica
or other valves or flaps, hinged, pivoted, balanced or otherwise arranged to
move or slide in front of the V or other shaped openings, or otherwise or elsewhere
may be used.
Wind or air currents striking the ventilator enter at the external openings
between the edges of the baffle plates, pass through the narrowed space between
the inner surface of the baffle plates and the outlet opening of the outer chamber
and then escape from the ventilator at the external opening or openings on the
leeward side. In its passage across the outlet openings the wind exerts an extracting
effect upon the air in the outer chambers and each of these draws its supply of air
from the inner chamber with which it communicates through the lateral or other
opening or provision at or near the top connecting the air space of the inner with
that of the outer chambers. The inner chamber or chambers in turn draw their
supply of air from below, and are connected in the usual manner by means of air
shatting or tubing to the apartment or other place from which it is desired to
extract. Instead, however, of all the lower ends of the inner chambers being
collectively connected to one apartment only, by only one such shaft, a separate
shaft can be connected to the lower end of each of the inner chambers when there

page_text: is more than one, so that each one may then serve a different apartment or a
different part of the same apartment and these shafts can be conducted into
different or opposite directions. Therefore a form of this ventilator in which four
inner and four outer chambers are used can be utilized for ventilating four separate
apartments; each airway connected pair of inner and outer chambers then being
arranged to form a complete and practically distinct ventilator having no interoal
air communication with the other three pairs of chambers. Although in this
arrangement each inner chamber has preferably an air way connection to only one
outer chamber, it may in some modifications have an airway connected to two or
inore outer chambers or more than one inner chamber may be connected to only
one outer chamber. In one of the modified forms, the airway connection between
the inner and outer chambers at their upper ends is effected by arrangeing for
both inner and outer chambers to open upwards into the chamber above formed by
the cap or roof. The horizontal plate across top of chambers in the first described
arrangement, in this arrangement being open in the centre and only existing as
regards the outer portious required to hold the top edges of the baffle plates in
position and to support the base of cap or roof. In this arrangement the V or other
shaped side air-way passages may be dispensed with, the vitiated or other air being
delivered upwards into the top chamber, from which the outer chambers draw their
supply. The top chainber may be divided vertically or otherwise so that the air
delivered by each particular inner chamber shall be supplied only to one particular
outer chamber in the manner of the first described arrangement, and the top
opening of each inner chamber may be surmounted by a hinged or pivoted or ot ver
flap or valve.
When the top airway or chamber formed by cap is not divided and forms a
single and common source of supply to the outer chambers, the central vertical
shaft is not necessarily divided and it then forms a single large inner chainber
with the horizontal sectional area about equal to that of all the outer chambers
combined.
The horizontal section of the ventilators may be of annular, rectangular,
octagonal or other form and the sectional form of the baffle plates, inner chambers
and outer chambers, can be largely varied and separately or jointly altered or
modified in a large variety of ways.
In order to describe the invention more clearly reference is made to the annexed
drawings, illustrating some of the various applications of same. In these drawings
the same reference letters are used to indicate like parts whenever same are
repeated.
Fig. 1. is a vertical section through centre of one form of this ventilator, having
top plate T.
Fig. 2. is a horizontal section or plan of same at under side of top plate.
Fig. 3. is an elevation of saine.
Fig. 4. is a part vertical section of above, showing alternative arrangement at
top, the centre portion of top plate T being omitted.
Fig. 5. is a horizontal section or plan of same inside cap.
Fig. 6. is a vertical section, through centre of another form of this ventilator.
Fig. 7. is a horizontal section or plan of same.
Fig. 8. is an elevation of same drawn half size.
Fig. 9. is an alternative elevation of same drawn half size also, with lower portion
sloped inward.
Fig. 10. is a vertical section through another form of this ventilator.
Fig. 11. is a horizontal section or plan of same.
Fig. 12. is an alternative plan of same.
Fig. 13. is a vertical section through another form of this ventilator.
Fig. 14. is a horizontal section or plan of same.
Fig. 15 is a vertical section through another form of this ventilator.
Fig. 16. is a horizontal section or plan of same.
Fig. 17. is an elevation of same.
A

page_text: The ventilator shewn by Figs. 1, 2 & 3 is of annular form externally, the four
inner chambers I, forming in plan a rectangular figure, and the four outer
chambers forming a nearly similar figure. The side openings P from inner to
outer chambers are V shaped with their greatest depth in centre. In Fig. 1 the
left hand opening P is shown with a silk or other valve F, open, wire gauze may
he fixed behind this valve F for it to close against. The right hand opening P. is
shown without a valve and in Fig. 2 one valve only is shown. The other three of
the chambers I being shown without. In all the figures where valves F are shown
they can be omitted and in those figures where valves F are not shown they can be
used if suitable or desirable.
Fig. 1 shows the ventilator with solid top plate T, Figs. 4 & 5 show an alternative
arrangement at top (which is applicable to other forms of this invention), whereby
the greater portion of the top plate T is dispensed with, and the air from inner
chambers is discharged upwards into the airways or chambers l'. formed by the
cap C and divisions D2 (and which replace the V shaped airways P, in side walls
as shown in Fig. 1) passing thence downwards to the outer chambers O.
Figs. 6 & 7 show a ventilator of different horizontal section, having an open top-
plate T, and no division D' or D³. The divisions D are shown in Fig. 6 projecting
upwards slightly into passage B, these projections may be increased and, or,
extended towards periphery of top-plate T, and, or, over the top of the inner
chamber I, or they may be omitted. The lips L may be of less or more projection
than shown.
Figs. 8 & 9 are elevations of this ventilator the latter figure shewing the
external appearance when the outer chambers O are gradually diminished in area
and tapered inwards towards the bottom together with the battle plates B.
Figs. 10 & 11 show a ventilator of different horizontal section having an open
top plate T, no divisions D' or D2, and with corners 1, of inner chambers I, pro-
jecting at outlet openings, lips L being omitted. Fig. 12 is an alternative
horizontal plan of same.
Figs. 13 & 14 shew a ventilator of different horizontal plan, having solid top
plate T and V shaped side passages P, with the divisions D & D¹ passing through
these passages at their greatest depth.
Figs. 15 & 16 show a ventilator of different horizontal plan; having open top
plate T, and two outlet openings only.
The one opening is shown with the outlet having lips L and the other with the
angle of the inner chamber I projecting through the outlet, these provisions
being interchangeable in this and other forms of this ventilator. When desired
or suitable, a divisiou D may be used in the inner chamber I.
I do not confine myself to the exact proportions or formation of the various
essential parts or provisions illustrated, in the annexed drawings. The drawings
do not show to the fullest extent the various possible modifications of the
invention.
I do not claim the formation of vertical slits or openings in the sides or walls of
the inner chamber or chambers I, other than those that may be formed at the
upper end, for providing for the passage of air from the inner to the outer chambers,
nor any arrangement whereby the surface of an air shaft or effective air tube is
used instead of, or made to serve the purpose of a baffle plate B, nor do I claim
any arrangement whereby the vitiated air is supplied direct from below into the
lower ends of the outer chamber O, nor do I claim novelty for the separate parts
or provisions used in the combinations claimed. But
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. In wind current ventilators, the combination and use together of the following
parts, devices, or provisions, a, b, c & d viz. :—
A central vertical foul air shaft or chombor I with
without internal

page_text: divisions D', for providing for the passage of au ascending current or
currents, having one or more airway provisions P at or near the upper earl.
or top for providing airway communication with the upper ends of one or
more immediately adjacent outer chambers O.
(.) One or more vertical or nearly vertical outer chambers O, with internal
divisions D or an equivalent essential device for separating the openings L, I.,
or 1, 1, in all cases where more than one outer chamber O is used;
surrounding or otherwise immediately adjacent to and in side-contact with
the inner chamber or chambers I and for the purpose of providing for the
passage of a descending current or currents passing from the inner chamber
or chambers I, into the outer chambers O, through the airway provision or
provisions P at or near the top. These outer chambers O are closed at
their lower ends and each one has a single vertical outlet opening from top
to bottom or thereabouts, with or without lips L or protruding angle of
the inner chamber 1, each outlet opening being protected by a baffle
plate B.
(c.) One or more airway provisions P or its equivalent for providing for the
passage of the air from upper end or top of inner chamber or chambers 1 to
upper end or top of outer chambers O, and formed either by side openings
between the chambers I & O, or by a top chamber formed by cap C or its
equivalent into which open the upper ends of the immediately-adjacent-
chambers I & O, with or without dividing plates D2, and, or, flaps or
valves F.
(d.) Vertical or nearly vertical curved or flat guiding or baffle plates B or
their equivalent, one placed opposite each outlet opening L or 1, so as to
form a passage for guiding across same the wind or air currents entering at
external openings W.
e whole substantially as herein before described and with reference to the
xed drawings illustrative thereof.
The combination and general formation of the wind current ventilator with
lternatives substantially as herein before described and with reference to
res 1, 2, 3 4 and 5 of the annexed drawings.
The combination and general formation of the wind current ventilator with its
natives, substantially as herein before described and with reference to
res 6, 7, 8 and 9 of the annexed drawings.
The combination and general formation of the wind current ventilator with
lternatives, substantially as hereiubefore descr.bed and with reference to
res 10, 11 and 12 of the annexed drawings.
The combination and general formation of the wind current ventilator with
lternatives, substantially as herein before described and with reference to
res 13 & 14 of the annexed drawings.
The combination and general formation of the wind current ventilator with
lternatives substantially as herein before described and with reference to
15, 16 & 7 of the annexed drawings.
Dated this 2nd day of September 1895.
FREDERIC WILLIAM BARKER.