IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Johnson, of Farnworth, near Bolton-
le-Moors, in the County of Lancaster, Manager, for the Invention
of IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING
COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 13th October 1853, and dated the 27th April 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Johnson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 27th April 1853.
I, WILLIAM JOHNSON, of Farnworth, near Bolton-le-Moors, in the
County of Lancaster, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING AND
SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES" to be as follows:-
First, in constructing the foot steps of spindles used in machinery
for preparing or spinning cotton and other fibrous substances, with a
chamber containing oil; also in supporting a collar fitting loosely
on the spindle at some distance above the footstep; when the spindle
revolves the oil creeps up the sides of the chamber or spindle passing
through the collar, and dropping down again into the chamber through
a hole in the flange of the collar.

page_text: Secondly, in the application of a compound lifting rail for lifting the
bobbins, and supporting the spindles of machinery for preparing and
spinning, in order to prevent vibration in the spindle.
And, lastly, in the application of a loose washer between the upper
surface of the bearing and the under surface of the bobbin wheel of
slubbing or roving frames in order to diminish friction and economise
lubricating material.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Johnson in the Great Seal Patent
Office, on the 27th October 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
WILLIAN JOHNSON, of Farnworth, near Bolton-le-Moors, in the
County of Lancaster, Manager, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in
the sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said William Johnson,
Her special licence that I, the said William Johnson, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Johnson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING AND
SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Johnson, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immedi-
ately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement (that is to say):
My Invention cousists, first, in the application of a compound lifting
rail to roving frames and other machines of the same description, and
to throstles, for the purpose of avoiding vibration when the spindles
revolve at a great velocity. Secondly, in applying a loose washer
between the upper bearing of the spindles of slubbing and roving
frames and other machines of the like nature, and the bevel pinions.
by which the bobbins are driven, in order to diminish friction and
economise lubricating liquid. And, lastly, in an improved mode of
constructing the footsteps and bearings of spindles used in machinery
for preparing and spinning, for economising lubricating liquid and the
labour required in applying it.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me,
reference being had to the drawing hereunto annexed, and to the letters
and figures marked thereon.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1, represents a sectional elevation of a roving frame to which
my improvements are applied; Figure 2, is a plan of part of the same. į
a, is the frame side; b, the roller beam; c, the drawing rollers; and
d, d, the spindles, which are supported below in footsteps of the
ordinary construction, or they may be supported in my improved foot
steps, which will be explained hereafter. e, is the improved compound
lifting rail, which supports the spindles in the upper bearings e¹, e',
and lower bearings e, e; this lifting rail is guided at each end by
grooves in the frame, as seen in the plan, Fig. 2, and it is moved
up and down by the shaft f, pinions f, and racks f; the requisite
motion is given to the shaft f. by a mangle wheel or other suitable
mechanism, similar to that employed for moving lifting rails of the
ordinary construction. The object of my improved compound lifting
rail is to afford better support to the spindles, thereby allowing them to

page_text: be driven at a greater velocity, without vibration, than when they are
supported in the usual manner.
Fig. 3, represents, in section, another of my improvements ap-
plicable to roving frames and other machines of the like nature; in
this view d, is part of a spindle, and e', is the upper bearing of the
compound lifting rail shewn in Fig. 1. d', is the skew bevil pinion by
which the bobbin is turned round between the under surface of the
skew bevil pinion d', and the upper surface of the bearing e¹, is intro-
duced the loose washer g, which I prefer to make of brass, but which
may be made of other suitable material. The object of this loose
washer is to diminish the friction which takes place in machines of
the ordinary construction between the under surface of the bevil pinion
and the upper surface of the bearing. I wish to observe here that the
loose washer g, may be applied to roving frames and other machines of
the same description, constructed in the usual manner, as well to
those constructed with the compound lifting rail.
Fig. 4, represents a sectional elevation of a throstle to which my
improvements are applied. Fig: 5, is a side elevation, and Fig. 6,
a plan of part of the same. In these views h, is the end frame; i, the
drawing rollers; j, the spindles; and k, the tin drum by which they
are put in motion in the ordinary manner. The compound lifting rail
by which the bobbins are moved up and down is, in this instance,
formed of the upper rail l, and lower rail m, which are connected at
suitable intervals by the stays n: see Fig. 5. The rail l, is furnished
at each end with a sliding block 1', which fits in grooves in the
frames h, as shewn in Fig. 6; and the requisite up and down motion
is given to the compound rail by the rods 12, racks 13, pinions 14,
and 15, and by the horizontal racks 1, all of which are shewn in
Fig. 4, and are similar to the parts used in moving the ordinary
lifting rails of throstles.
In Fig. 7, I have shewn a section of my improved footstep and
bearing for spindles; this footstep and bearing are drawn to suit the
spindle of a throstle, but, by increasing their size, they are equally
applicable for the spindles of roving frames or other machines of the
like nature. 'm, is the lower part of the compound-lifting rail shewn

page_text: in Fig. 4; and m', is a bearing for the spindle. This bearing is
grooved out in the usual manner to receive the oil or other lubricating
liquid which is admitted to the spindle through a hole in the nipple m²;
this nipple is rather higher than the outer portion of the bearing m', of
which it forms a part, and the object of it is to avoid the dispersion
of the oil or other lubricating liquid, which takes place in bearings of
the ordinary construction. When the oil or other lubricating liquid
is poured into the recess in the bearing m', it passes through the
hole in the nipple, as before described, and cannot escape until it
has passed through the bearing; whereas, in bearings of the usual
construction, a great part of the oil or other lubricating liquid is
thrown off by centrifugal force, as soon as it comes in contact with the
revolving spindle. p, is the footstep rail, seen also in Figs. 4, and 5,
p', is the footstep, the upper part of which forms a chamber for the
oil or other lubricating liquid. p, is a lid fitting into a recess in
the chamber; this lid fits loosely on the spindle j; and the hole o,
through it, serves to convey the oil or other lubricating liquid which
is poured into the groove in the lid into the chamber of the footstep.
When the spindle revolves at a great velocity the oil or other lubri-
cating liquid is prevented being thrown off by centrifugal force by the
nipple p³, forming part of the lid, consequently no waste can take
place, and no dirt can enter in the footstep. The diagonal hole in the
under part of the lid p², is to convey the oil or other lubricating liquid
from the interior of the chamber to the spindle.
Having now described [the nature of my Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood
that I do not limit myself to the details herein set forth, as the
same may be varied without departing from my Invention; but what
I claim is,
First, the application of a compound lifting rail to machines used in
preparing and spinning cotton and other fibrous substances, as herein-
before shewn and described:
Secondly, the loose washer g, in Figs. 1, and 3, when applied in
the manner and for the purpose herein-before shewn and described:
And,

page_text: Lastly, I claim the improved spindle bearing and footstep, as shewn
and described in reference to Fig. 7.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Johnson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of October,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
WM. JOHNSON. (L.S.)