IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS POR EXPRESSING LIQUID FROM. SEMI-FLUID SUBSTANCES AND OTHER. SUBSTANCES CONTAINING LIQUID
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Arthur Waller, of the City of Dublin,.
Brewer to Arthur Guinness, Son, & Co., for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS POR EXPRESSING LIQUID FROM.
SEMI-FLUID SUBSTANCES AND OTHER. SUBSTANCES CONTAINING LIQUID."
Sealed the 29th July 1859, and dated the 1st February 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Arthur Waller
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 1st February 1859.
1, GEORGE ARTHUR WALLER, of the City of Dublin, Brewer to Arthur
Guinness, Son, & Co., do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR EXPRESSING LIQUID
PROM SEMI-FLUID SUBSTANCES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES CONTAINING LIQUID," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists in expressing liquid from semi-fluid substances and
others containing liquid by the pressure of water or other liquid, or of air, gas,
or other fluid forced into a bag or case introduced into a vessel with perforated
sides, or with sides formed of bars with apertures between them, or otherwise
constructed to allow of the passage of liquid through them, and into which
vessel the substances to be operated upon are introduced.
By way of exemplification I have hereunto annexed views of an open-sided
vessel, and of a caoutchouc bag suitable for carrying my Invention into effect.

page_text: A is the vessel with perforated or open sides in which the materials from which
liquid is to be expressed are placed; B is a bag of caoutchouc which is also
placed in the vessel, and by having liquid or air forced therein drives the
liquid from the materials through the sides of the vessel A.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Arthur Waller in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 1st August 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
ARTHUR WALLER, of the City of Dublin, Brewer to Arthur Guinness, Son, &
Co., send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said George Arthur Waller, Her special licence that I, the said George
Arthur Waller, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said George Arthur Waller, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR EXPRESSING LIQUID FROM
SEMI-FLUID SUBSTANCES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES CONTAINING LIQUID," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George Arthur Waller,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Arthur Waller, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in expressing liquid from semi-fluid substances and

page_text: others containing liquid by the pressure of water or other liquid, or of air, gas,
'or other fluid forced into a bag or case introduced into a vessel with perforated
sides, or with sides formed of bars with apertures between them, or otherwise
constructed to allow of the passage of liquid through them.
.
The vessel is for some purposes lined by a bag or substance to act as a
strainer, and is of any consistence or material considered necessary for this
purpose, according to the nature of the semi-fluid operated upon, and into
which vessel so lined the substances to be operated upon are introduced.
:
Figure 1.of the accompanying Drawings is a side elevation of a cylindrical
open-sided vessel, suitable for carrying my Invention into effect; Figure 2 is
a view of the internal bag formed of strong canvas or other waterproof
material, and the size of the interior of the above vessel; Figure 3 shows the
outside, and. Figure 4 the inside of one form of cover I fit to the apparatus ;
Figure 5 is a view of another form of cover I employ, consisting of two
spherical wrought-iron plates, both concave externally; Figure 6 shows similar
plates arranged concave externally and internally; Figure 7 is a view of a
copper ring to which I attach the straining bag; and Figure 8 is a view of
the neck of the internal bag, showing how I attach it to the head.
A is the vessel with perforated or open sides in which the materials from
which liquid is to be expressed are placed.; B is the internal bag. The vessel
A is made by preference egg-shaped, and is formed of a coil of strong iron
wire secured and strengthened externally by an angle iron ring at top, and by
strong hoops and perpendicular bars. The ring B', shown at Figure 7, rests
on the angle iron top, and is attached to the neck of the straining bag, which is
made somewhat larger than the interior of the cylinder. The cover shown at
Figures 3 and 4, or that shown at Figures 5 and 6, is placed on this ring,
having an india-rubber washer between then, which washer may be attached
to the cover, and secured by bolts and nuts fitted into slots formed in the
cover and flange of the machine. The waterproof bag is placed in the vessel
A; the neck a of said bag passes through the lid just described, and is screwed
thereto by a nut E; E' is a cock (inserted in the cover, Figures 5 and 6, and
it can also be fitted to the cover shown at Figures 3 and 4), by which the
machine can be refilled at any time during the operation by allowing the water
in the internal bag to run off; F is a pipe fitted with a valve F1, and connected
to the neck of the waterproof bag; G is a pump. On barm or other semi-
liquid being introduced into the vessel A, lined as above, the lid is bolted down
as before described. Hydraulic pressure is applied through the pump G,
which distends the bag B, and causes the beer or other fluid to be expressed.
In order to break up any crust that may form as the straining proceeds, I fit a

page_text: frame to the inside of the cylinder formed of two metal rings connected
together by, say, eight perpendicular bars. The upper ring is placed close to
the cover, and has a few teeth formed in it to gear into a pinion worked by an
handle from the outside. As the handle is turned the frame moves a short
distance. through the pinion and teeth which gear into it, the bars pass close
to the inside of the straining bag, and remove the crust that forms in its
surface. When the cover is taken off the frame is removed with it. The bars
are formed with T-pieces at each end, which are rivetted or bolted to the ring.
If water is obtained from a sufficient height the pump can be dispensed with.
Instead of water, air or other gaseous fluid may be forced into the bag.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim the expressing
of liquid from semi-fluid substances and others containing liquid by the
pressure of water or other liquid, or of air, gas, or other fluid forced into a
bag or case, which is introduced into a vessel with perforated or open sides,
lined or not; as herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Arthur Waller, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of July, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-nine.
GEORGE ARTHUR WALLER. (L.S.)