IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILS FOR RAILWAYS."
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jonathan Saunders, of St. John's Wood, in
the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILS FOR RAILWAYS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jonathan Saunders
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 2nd December 1853.
I, JONATHAN SAUNDERS, of St. John's Wood, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of my Tuvention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILS FOR RAILWAYS" to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to obtain a manufacture of rails with
steel at the wearing surfaces, and the Invention consists of peculiar
means of piling iron and steel and rolling the same into railway bars.
For this purpose a pile is formed by means of several portions of bars
of blistered steel laid together on portions of bars of iron, the top and
bottom of the pile being composed of slabs or bars of iron.

page_text: This pile is heated and rolled into a long slab, suitable in dimensions
for making one or more surfaces of further piles, each of which is
composed of a portion of the slab above mentioned, and two or more
layers of iron, the steel being outwards. These piles are then rolled
into railway bars, the steel coming to the wearing surfaces.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Jonathan Saunders in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 2nd June 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JONATHAN SAUNDERS, of St. John's Wood, in the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent bearing date the Second day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the seven-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Ierself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me the said Jonathan Saunders, Ier special
licence that I, the said Jonathan Saunders, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Jonathan Saunders,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE 07 RAILS FOR RAILWAYS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Jonathan Saunders, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jonathan Saunders, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same

page_text: is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof (that is to say):-
The object of this Invention is to obtain a manufacture of rails with
steel at the wearing surfaces, and the Invention consists of peculiar
means of piling iron and steel and rolling the same into railway bars.
For this purpose a pile is formed by means of several portions of bars
of blistered steel laid together on portions of bars of iron, the top and
bottom of the pile being composed of slabs or bars of iron. This pile is
heated and rolled into a long slab, suitable in dimensions for making
one or more surfaces of further piles, cach of which is composed of a
portion of the slab above mentioned, and two or more layers of iron, the
steel being outwards. These piles are then rolled into railway bars, the
steel coming to the wearing surfaces.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will procced
to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 shows a pile such as I prefer to combine in carrying out
my Invention, which, when rolled out, is cut into slabs and made into
further piles, such as is shewn at Figure 2, which are rolled into rail-
way bars of the section desired, or a pile, such as that shewn at Figure 1,
(with a due proportion of steel), may be rolled directly into a railway
bar.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, I would have it understood that what
I claim is, the manufacture of rails for railways herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jonathan Saunders, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
Witness,
JNO. ALCOCK.
JON SAUNDERS. (L.S.)