Apparatus for Dyeing and otherwise Treating Textile Fibres in the Form of Bobbins or Cops.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Feb., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 20th Nov., 1890-Accepted, 3rd Jan., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Apparatus for Dyeing and otherwise Treating Textile Fibres in the
Form of Bobbins or Cops.
A communication from abroad by the firm FERD. MOMMER & Co., of Barmen-
Rittershausen, Prussia.
1, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of No. 46 Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of London,
Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to apparatus for dyeing and otherwise treating textile fibres
in the form of bobbins.
The apparatus comprises a certain number of boxes, for example four, of rectangular
These boxes are
form in plan, having curved and perforated bottoms and covers.
adapted to be placed in a vat in such a manner that liquids as well as gases (air) can
be forced through the material contained in the boxes either from below upwards or
in the reverse direction at will; furthermore a centrifugal machine capable of being
taken to pieces may be constructed with the four boxes by applying the latter to cross
bars to which rotating motion can be imparted.
Apparatus according to this invention is shewn in the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is an elevation,
Fig. 2 a plan; and
Fig. 3 a vertical section.
Figs. 4 and 4 shew the manner in which the bobbins are arranged in the boxes.
Fig. 5 is an elevation, and
Fig. 6 a plan, partly in horizontal section, of the centrifugal machine with its
protecting casing, for expelling the moisture from the material.
The dyeing of textile fibres in bobbin form (cops for instance) has hitherto been
difficult to accomplish the machines proposed for the purpose being inefficient and
such as not to enable a uniform and complete colouring of the material to be obtained.
These difficulties are obviated by the use of apparatus according to this invention.
The material (cops for instance) is arranged in boxes of rectangular horizontal section
as shewn in Fig. 4; the interstices resulting from this arrangement and from the shape
of the bobbins are carefully filled up with a suitable material, india rubber for instance,
the object being to obtain by these means a resistance as uniform as possible to the
dyeing bath which as above stated may be forced from below upwards, or in the
reverse direction, through the boxes containing the material to be treated.
This arrangement of the bobbins (cops) has for its object to produce a uniform
resistance and to prevent air from remaining in the material to be dyed. To this end
the material contained in the boxes must be of such uniformity and so uniformly
arranged that the dyeing bath shall penetrate uniformly through the material and
expel the air uniformly from the material.
The arrangement of the bobbins is shewn in plan in Fig. 4 and in vertical section
in Fig. 4". The bobbins are alternately disposed one above the other this arrange-
ment being particularly suitable for attaining the object in view the resistance to the
dyeing bath being uniform.
The above described arrangement of the bobbins in the rectangular boxes is of
particular importance, because in addition to a resistance as uniform as possible to
the passage of the dyeing bath it is very important for a uniform treatment of the
material, that the current of the dyeing bath be forced through perpendicularly to
the longitudinal axis of all the bobbins (cops).
In using the apparatus the material to be dyed is placed in regular layers one
above the other into the four boxes a (see Fig. 4) the interstices between the

page_text: extremities of the cops being filled in by a suitable packing material (a cross section
of which is shown in Fig. 4 in full size) consisting for instance of india rubber having
points of hardened caoutchouc, for keeping open the spindle holes of the cops.
At the ends of the layers where interstices are formed between the bobbins and
the walls of the boxes filling pieces o (see Fig. 4b) of india rubber for instance,
having the shape of half a bobbin are inserted. All the filling pieces are placed
into the boxes as loosely as the bobbins. The boxes are then introduced into the
dyeing vat B, which is of correspondingly rectangular form, so as to rest upon a
cross shaped grating arranged above the bottom. The grating is provided
with packing fillets. The pressure necessary for tightening the boxes and for
pressing the covers e upon the boxes is produced by screwing down the screw
spindles d which are provided with hand wheels and are guided in the cross
levers c.
By the above described arrangement the bobbins to be treated can be compressed
so as to form a single mass of uniform density and it is possible furthermore for
the dyeing bath in its passage through the boxes (from below upwards, or in the
reverse direction, but perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the bobbins) to
produce a uniform resistance and in consequence a uniform colouring.
The operations of bleaching, dyeing or finishing are then carried out by introducing
the bath under considerable pressure through the tubular piece f on the bottom of the
vat B. The bath on its further passage through the boxes a is forced at an increased
speed through the material to be dyed and escapes through the covers and finally
flows over the edges of the boxes to the tubular piece h, through which it returns to
the pump or other circulating means employed.
This circulation may when desired be interrupted, and, in order to wash out the
material, a current in the reverse direction may be produced by closing the tubular
piece by means of a valve, filling the apparatus B with water and putting the tubular
piece by means of a reversible connection in communication with the suction pipe of
the pump.
As a motor for the dyeing bath a piston pump or rotary pump or a "monte-jus”
provided with an air pressure and suction apparatus may be used.
When the dyeing or washing process has been finished, the bolts i are shot forward,
so that the covers and the material will be firmly held in position.
In order to free the material from the bath or water still contained therein, the
boxes a are taken out of the vat B (after the spindles d have been raised) and then
placed upon cross-bars G (Fig. 5) specially constructed for this purpose.
A rapid
rotation is imparted to the cross & by a motor through the vertical shaft with
pulley.
The boxes are arranged upon the cross bars G in such a manner that the perforated
nottoms are turned outward and the edges of the bottoms bear against the projections
or tappets on the outer edge of the cross-bars G ; the upper edges of each box are
chamfered at K to an angle of 45° and their edges fit together when they are arranged
as shewn in Fig. 6.
The position of the boxes is further assured by an outer frame of wrought iron
of octagonal shape placed round the boxes.
By rotating the cross bars the material is freed by centrifugal force from the liquid
contained therein.
In order to prevent accidents during the working of the machine a movable pro-
tecting casing m made of strong wrought iron is used; it is lowered when required for
putting the boxes into the vat and is raised again into the position shown in the
drawing before starting the apparatus.
The drying of the material can be also effected by means of the vat B for which
purpose a current of heated air is forced through the material.
Dated this 20th day of February 1890.

page_text: ани х SHOW DO
Fig. 5 is an elevation, and
Fig. 6 a plan partly in horizontal section, of a centrifugal machine, with its protecting
casing, for expelling the moisture from the material.
The dyeing of textile fibres in bobbin form (cops for instance) has hitherto been
difficult to accomplish, the machines proposed for the purpose being inefficient and
such as not to enable a uniform and complete colouring of the material to be
obtained.
These difficulties are obviated by the use of apparatus according to this invention.
The material (cops for instance) is arranged in boxes of rectangular form in horizontal
section as shewn in Fig. 4, the interstices resulting from this arrangement and from
the shape of the bobbins or cops being carefully filled up with a suitable material,
indiarubber for instance, the object being to obtain by these means a resistance as
uniform as possible to the dyeing bath which as above stated may be forced from below
upwards, or in the reverse direction, through the boxes containing the material to be
treated.
This arrangement of the bobbins or cops has for its object to produce a uniform
resistance and to prevent air from remaining in the material to be dyed. To this end
the material contained in the boxes must be of such uniformity and so uniformly
arranged that the dyeing bath shall penetrate uniformly through it and expel the air
uniformly therefrom.
The arrangement of the bobbins is shewn in plan in Fig. 4 and in vertical
section in Fig. 4b. The bobbins are alternately disposed one above the other, this
arrangement being particularly suitable for attaining the object in view, viz.―a uniform
resistance to the dyeing bath.
The above described arrangement of the bobbins in the rectangular boxes is of
particular importance, because in addition to a resistance as uniform as possible to the
passage of the dyeing bath, it is very important, for a uniform treatment of the
material, that the current of the dyeing bath be forced through the material in a
direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of all the bobbins (cops).
In using the apparatus, the material to be dyed is placed in regular layers one

page_text: above the other in the four boxes a (see Fig. 4), the interstices between the extremities
of the cops being filled up by suitable packing material (a cross section of which is
shown full size in Fig. 4) consisting for instance of india-rubber having points of
hardened caoutchouc, for keeping open the spindle holes of the cops.
At the ends of the layers where interstices are formed between the bobbins and the
walls of the boxes, filling pieces o (see Figs. 4, 4"), of india rubber for instance, having
the shape of half a bobbin, are inserted. All the filling pieces are placed in the boxes
as loosely as the bobbins. The boxes are then introduced into the dyeing vat B, which
is of correspondingly rectangular form, so as to rest upon a cross shaped grating b
arranged above the bottom. The grating 6 is provided with packing fillets. The
pressure necessary for tightening the boxes upon the fillets and for pressing the
covers e upon the boxes is produced by screwing down the screw spindles & which are
provided with hand wheels and work in the cross levers c.
By the above described arrangement the bobbins to be treated can be compressed
so as to form a single mass of uniform density, whereby it is possible for the dyeing
bath in its passage through the boxes from below upwards, or in the reverse direction,
but perpendicularly to the longitudinal axes of the bobbins, to produce a uniform
pressure and in consequence a uniform colouring.
The operations of bleaching, dyeing or finishing are then carried out by introducing
the hath under considerable pressure through the tubular piece f at the bottom of the
vat B. The bath on its further passage through the boxes a is forced at an increased
speed through the material to be dyed and escapes through the covers and finally
flows over the edges of the boxes to the tubular piece h, through which it returns to
tho pump or to a monte-jus' or other circulating apparatus employed. This
circulation may when desired be interrupted, and, in order to wash out the material, a
current in the reverse direction may be produced by closing the tubular piece / by
means of a valve, filling the vat B with water and putting the tubular piece by
means of a reversible connection in communication with the suction pipe of the pump.
As a motor for circulating the dyeing bath, a piston pump or a rotary pump or a
monte-jus" provided with an air pressure and suction apparatus may be used.
$6
When the dyeing or washing process has been finished, the bolts i are shot forward,
so that the covers shall be bolted to the boxes and the material be firmly held in
position.
In order to free the material from the bath or water still contained therein, the
boxes a are taken out of the vat B (after the spindles have been raised), and are
then placed upon cross bars G (Fig. 5) specially constructed for this purpose.
Rapid rotary motion is imparted to the cross bars G by a motor through a vertical
shaft with pulley.
The boxes are arranged upon the cross bars G in such a manner, that the perforated
bottoms are turned outward and the edges of the bottoms bear against projections or
tappets on the outer edge of the cross bars G. The upper edges of each box are
chamfered at k to an angle of 45° so that their edges fit together when the boxes are
arranged as shown in Fig. 6. The position of the boxes is further assured by an outer
frame of wrought iron of octagonal shape placed round the boxes as shewn.
By rotating the cross bars the material is freed by centrifugal force from the
liquid contained therein.
In order to prevent accidents during the working of the machine a movable
protecting casing m made of strong wrought iron is used; it is lowered when required
for putting the boxes onto the cross bars and is raised again into the position shewn
in the drawings before starting the apparatus.
The drying of the material might be also effected in the vat B, for which purpose
a current of heated air is forced through the material whilst in the boxes a.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Apparatus for dyeing or otherwise treating textile fibres in the form of bobbins

page_text: or cops comprising boxes of rectangular form in plan and having perforated covers
and bottoms, and in which the bobbins or cops to be treated are arranged alternately
as described, the interstices at the sides and ends being filled with suitable packing
material, and the arrangement being such that the bobbins when pressed between the
perforated bottom and cover of each box will offer a practically uniform resistance to
the passage of the liquid employed for treating the bobbins and which liquid is forced
through the bobbins in a direction perpendicular to their longitudinal axes whereby a
uniform and complete treatment of all the bobbins is effected substantially as herein-
before described with reference to and shewn in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive of the
drawings.
2. The herein described arrangement for separating, by centrifugal force, the liquid
remaining in the bobbins after treatment in apparatus of the kind referred to in the
preceding claim said arrangement consisting in placing the boxes containing the
bobbins upon cross bars adapted to be rotated, each box having its perforated bottom
turned outward and one of its edges arranged to bear against a projection or tappet
on the outer end of the cross bar that carries it, and the whole of the boxes being
surrounded by a protecting ring and a casing substantially as hereinbefore described
with reference to and shewn in Figs. 5 and 6 of the drawings.
Dated this 20th day of November 1890