IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE WEAVING OF NARROW FABRICS, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS ALSO APPLICABLE IN THE WEAVING OF OTHER FABRICS."
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Mason Pearson, of Foleshill, near Coventry, in the County
of Warwick, Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR THE WEAVING OF NARROW FABRICS, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS
ALSO APPLICABLE IN THE WEAVING OF OTHER FABRICS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Mason Pearson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th March 1878.
MASON PEARSON, of Foleshill, near Coventry, in the County of Warwick,
Machinist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE WEAVING OF NARROW FABRICS,
PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS ALSO APPLICABLE IN THE WEAVING OF OTHER
FABRICS."
One part of the Invention relates to the method of applying and operating the
shuttles, so that economy of space and facility for obtaining uniformity and delicacy
of tension on the weft with other advantages are obtained. For this purpose the
shuttles are formed to travel in segmental courses, one pair of segments being sup-
ported opposite one selvage and line of warp of the fabric being produced, and the
other pair opposite the other selvage and line of warps.
The shuttles are formed with teeth which are taken into by pinions for their
motion, and these pinions are taken into by racks driven in the usual way.
When several shuttles are used, or more than one pair of shuttles, for double-
shed fabric the segmental courses for carrying the shuttles have rising-and-falling
motion given to them to bring the shuttle or shuttles for the time desired to operate
in correct relation to the line of the open shed.
The saving of space in the use of such arrangement of the shuttles increases with
the width of the fabric over, say, about two inches; but in all cases increased facility
is given for the use of larger bobbins or quills or reels to such shuttles, thereby
saving time in effecting changes of such bobbins, quills, or reels.
The Batten arrangement is such as described in the Specifications of Letters
Patent granted to James Oates Greenwood, Daniel Mills, and myself, dated Sep-

page_text: tember 23rd, 1871, No. 2514, and to myself bearing date the 13th of August 1874,
No. 2789, or may be of other suitable kind.
Another part of the Invention relates to the method of arranging the warp on
the beam or roll in the weaving of narrow fabrics, and in the method of con-
trolling the let-off from such and of other warp beam or roll employed in weaving
narrow fabrics.
In the weaving of narrow fabrics it is customary for the warp yarn to be applied
on the warp beam or roll in the form of an untwisted cord, and for this cord to
be arranged or "dressed" to the width desired in its passage from these beams or
rolls to the back beam or roller by conducting it through a reed aided by an
attendant stationed at the back of the loom.
In carrying out my improvements I arrange or dress the respective warp yarn of
each beam or roll when applying them to. such beam or roll, so that they may
thence pass in the relative order desired over the respective guide pulleys to the
shed for the fabric, by which continuous attention for this dressing operation
during the process of weaving is rendered unnecessary.
The supply of warp yarn from each beam or roll is conducted over a guide roller,
which is carried by one end of a lever frame, and this end of the lever frame is
also connected to a cord or band which passes over a pulley formed on or applied
to the supply beams or rolls, so that as that end of the lever arm is drawn upon
warp will be given off therefrom; a spring is applied to the opposite end of this
cord or band.
A similar cord and spring is applied to a pulley on the opposite end of this beam,
but so as to act in the opposite direction-on-the warp, bobbin, or beam, and prevent
back motion to it.
The opposite end of each of these lover frames is weighted, and is connected to
the upper end of a connecting rod, the lower end of which is formed to be acted
upon by the arm of a rocking shaft, so as to effect a letting off from each warp beam
or roll as desired, the extent of warp let off each time being governed by the distance
of the lower end of the respective connecting rods from the centre of the rocking
shaft, and this distanco is effected by light levors acting from the respective lever
frame to their connecting rods. By this means the necessity for variations of
tension weight to variations in quantity of yarn on the warp beam is avoided.
This part of the Invention is also applicable when weaving other than narrow
fabrics.
Also when operating with arrangements of the character of those described in the
'said former Specification of Letters Patent granted to me bearing date the 13th of
August 1874, No. 2789, I employ a stop motion to stop the motions of the loom
adapted for use when the weft stop motion there described is not necessarily used.
For this purpose when any one of the reeds for the beat-up is caused to yield, and
the arm referred to is caused to rise on the incline, the end of that arm also acts
on another arm, which by suitable connections causes the driving shaft to be shifted
from the driving to the loose pulley, and also to put on a "brake," so as instantly
to stop the loom.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Mason Pearson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th September
1878.
MASON PEARSON, of Foleshill, near Coventry, in the County of Warwick,
Machinist "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE WEAVING OF NARROW FABRICS,
PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS ALSO APPLICABLE IN THE WEAVING OF OTHER
FABRICS."
The Invention relates, firstly, to the method of applying and operating the shuttles,
so that economy of space and facility for obtaining uniformity and delicacy of
tension on the weft with other advantages are obtained. For this purpose the
shuttles are formed to travel in segmental courses, one pair of segments being sup-
ported opposite one selvage and line of warp of the fabric being produced, and the
other pair opposite the other selvage and line of warps.
The shuttles are formed with teeth, which are taken into by pinions for their
motion, and these pinions are taken into by racks driven in the usual way.
When several shuttles are used or more than one pair of shuttles for double-shed
fabric the segmental courses for carrying the shuttles may have rising and falling
motion given to them to bring the shuttle or shuttles for the time desired to operate
in correct relation to the line of the open shed.
The saving of space in the use of such arrangement of the shuttles increases
with the width of the fabric over, say, about two inches; but in all cases increased
facility is given for the use of larger bobbins or quills or reels to such shuttles,
thereby saving time in effecting changes of such bobbins, quills, or reels.
The batten arrangement is such as described in the Specifications of Letters Patent
granted to John Oates Greenwood, Daniel Mills, and myself, dated September 23rd,
1871, No. 2514, and to myself bearing date the 13th of August 1874, No. 2789, or
may be of other suitable kind.
The Invention relates, secondly, to the method of arranging the warp on the
beam or roll in the weaving of narrow fabrics, and in the method of controlling
the let-off from such and of other warp beam or roll employed in weaving narrow
fabrics.
In the weaving of narrow fabrics it is customary for the warp yarn to be applied
on the warp beam or roll in the form of an untwisted cord, and for this cord to be
arranged or "dressed" to the width desired in its passage from these beams or rolls
to the back beam or roller by conducting it through a reed aided by an attendant
stationed at the back of the loom.
In carrying out my improvements I arrange or dress the respective warp yarn
of each beam or roll when applying them to such beam or roll, so that they may
thence pass in the relative order desired over the respective guide pulleys to the
shed for the fabric by which continuous attention for this dressing operation during
the process of weaving is rendered unnecessary.
•
The supply of warp yarn from each beam or roll is conducted over a guide roller,
which is carried by one end of a lever fraine, the other end of which is weighted;
a cord or band passes over one of the pulleys or flanges formed on or applied to
each supply beam or roll with a spring at one end of it, in order by frictional
pressure to prevent the too free giving-off of such warps.
A similar cord with a spring at one end of it is applied to the pulley or flange
at the opposite end of each beam or roll, but so as to act in the opposite direction
on the warp roll or beam, and prevent back motion to it.
The opposite end of each of these last cords is connected to the upper end of a
connecting rod, the lower end of which is formed to be acted upon by the arm of
a rocking shaft, so as to effect a letting off from each warp beam or roll as desired.
The extent of warp let off each time being governed by the distance of the lower end
of the respective connecting rods from the centre of the rocking shaft, and this

page_text: Figure 1 shows a vertical section of apparatus, with parts arranged according to
my present improvements; Figure 2, a sectional side view of the same; Figure 3
shews a front view; and Figure 4, a plan view of parts; Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9
shew parts separately.
'
In each of the views the same letters are employed to represent corresponding
parts a represents the framing; b is the main shaft, which receives motion from a
steam engine or other power in the usual way. On this shaft are applied the cam
wheels c, which by suitable cain courses formed on their faces act each upon a truck
or bowl c', carried by the lever arm c², affixed to the rocking shaft c³. This rocking
shaft is supported in bearings carried by the main framing, and it carries the arms c
and for operating the batten c for the beat up, with capability for yielding
of the batten, as described in the said former Specification of Patent granted to
me, bearing date the 13th of August 1874, No. 2789. d, d, are the shuttles, one of
which is shewn separately by side and opposite edge views at Figure 6, and e, e, are
the segmental courses between which these shuttles d are controlled to move.
These courses e are shewn by plan and edge views separately at Figure 5, and it
will be seen that the two shuttles d, d, are arranged, as shewn, to travel in two
separate tiers, by which facility is afforded for weaving fabric formed by the opening
of two sheds at the same time for the simultaneous passage of the two shuttles, one
through each shed, the two shuttles always travelling in opposite directions. These
shuttles d, d, are formed with teeth in their outer or back edge, to be taken into
for their traverse in their courses by means of the pinions and g, and these shuttles
are also provided on their opposite sides with grooves or recesses d², into which the
edges of the plates e forming the courses are received for their guidance.
"The pinions fare those which operate the upper of the pair of shuttles d, and the
pinions g are those which operate the lower of the pair of shuttles d.
The pinions
g are applied on the hollow axes g¹, which are supported to revolve freely in bearings
provided for them, and these hollow axes g¹ are at their lower ends each provided
with another pinion g², the teeth of which are taken into by rack teeth formed on
the rod g³. The pinions f are applied to the upper ends of spindles f¹, each of which
passes down through a hollow axis g¹, and at its lower end has applied to it a
pinion f, and the teeth of these pinions f' are taken into by the rack teeth formed
on the edge of the sliding bar fs, and these rack bars f³ and g³ have to-and-fro end-
way motion given to them by tappet and lever, as is well understood by persons.
familiar with the operations of looms for the weaving of narrow fabrics.
As shewn, the fabric in the course of manufacture is that known as boot webbing,
and h are the bobbins or rolls-carrying the respective warp yarns. h, whilst i is the

page_text: roll carrying the strands of india-rubber to be tied in or enclosed in the weaving
of such fabric, but the arrangement of the respective threads and of the weaving
produced may be varied.
Figure 10 shews by diagram a modification of the arrangement of the segmental
guides e forming the courses for the shuttles, whereby in the weaving of many
breadths of fabric in the same loom a considerable saving of space may be effected.
In this case the respective guides e forming the courses are divided into shorter
lengths, and they are arranged to admit of the passage through them of the shuttles
of adjoining breadths. Thus A, B, and C represent adjoining breadths of fabric in
the course of manufacture, and one of the shuttles & represented by dotted lines is
that or one of them for the laying in of weft to the fabric B by travelling in the
courses e, e, whilst the shuttle is that, or one of them, for the laying in of weft
to the breadth C, and such shuttle or shuttles is guided by the courses e³, and
so on. -
The pinions ff, are in position to operate the shuttles of adjoining breadths.
This arrangement also gives increased room to the operator.
I will now describe the second part of the Invention:-Each roll or beam his
supported to revolve on a spindle in a frame ³, and these spindles h³ also each
forms the fulcrum on which the frame his capable of rocking. One end of each
frame also carries a guide roller +, over which the warps from the beam h carried
by that roller are conducted in their passage to other guide rollers j, and thence
through the harness of the respective healds or heddles is a reed, through which
the respective yarns from their warp beans or rollers are maintained in correct
relative position.
At the front of each frame is formed a hook h³, from which are suspended
weights ho, capable of being varied to counteract the tension exerted by the passage
of the warp over the guide rollers /*. The flange hat each end of each roller
or beam is formed or provided with a groove. The groove of one flange h' of
each roller or beam / receives a cord or band k, one end of which is held stationarily,
whilst the other end of it is connected to a spring, by which these cords & become
elastic frictional surfaces to aid in controlling the motions of these rollers or beams.
The groove in the other flange h' of each roller or beam h receives a cord or band 1,
one end of each of which is connected to a spring, whilst the other end is con-
nected to one end of a rod 12, oue of which is shewn separately by plan and edge
view at. Figure 7, and these rods & pass down through guides or a comb, and are at
their lower ends each connected by a rod to a loop or open piece 7, one of which
is shewn separately at Figure 9, and each of these looped or open pieces is applied on
an arın m² carried by the rocking shaft m, as is shewn by plan view, Figure 8, and this
shaft m is supported with capability of rocking in stationary bearings carried by
the framing. The desired rocking motion to this shaft m is obtained by means of
the excentric m² affixed on the shaft or axis b acting on one end of the connecting
rod m³, the upper end of which is connected to an adjustable pin m* applied to the
arm m³ affixed on the rocking shaft m.
n indicates a light lever arrangement applied to each frame h³ for regulating the
position of the respective loops or open pieces 15 on the arms m¹ to regulate the
extent of let off from the respective bobbins or beams h. For this purpose one
end n' of each light lever n turns upon or is held whilst it then, at or about n³,
passes over so as to rest on its frame h³, and thence it passes down and is looped
round a wire, by which, as the end of any frame h³ carrying its guide roller *
becomes depressed below a desired position, the light lever n thereto will move that
instrument along its arm m³, to cause it to have increased motion given to it to
let off more warp from the beam or roller h, and so on.
The second part of the Invention is also applicable to operating on the warp
threads when weaving other than narrow fabrics.
I will now describe the third part of my Invention, which is represented_applied
in the front view, Figure 11, and end view, Figure 12, of parts of a loom. In these
Figures represent the arm, the end of which, as described in the said former

page_text: Specification of Patent granted to me, and bearing date August 13th, 1874, No. 2789,
is capable of being acted upon. by an incline 8. The end of that arm, or it for
may
the sake of better adjustment be another arm o, is in position to act on the inclined
surface q¹ of the lever arm q, and this arm q is supported to turn on a fixed stud q³,
and at its inner end this arm q is formed with a hole through it for the passage of
the stem of the rod g³, which is formed with a head q, by which when the inner
end of the lever g is lifted it will also lift the rod q³. The rod q³ also passes through
and is by a screw nut fixed with capability of adjustment to the rocking piece q³,
which is formed with a stem to admit of its rocking in the lever arm 9 which is
affixed on the shaft t, upon which is also affixed the arm by connecting means from
which the driving strap may be thrown off the fast on to the loose pulley. The
lower end of the rod q³ is connected with capability of adjustment to one end of
the brake lever u, which rocks on the fixed stud u³, and is formed to operate on the
outer surface or periphery of the cam or other wheel v, and by the pressure thereby
exerted to effect the instantaneous stoppage of the loom, as desired.
The shaft t is also provided with another lever arm t' to receive the stud w from
the stop rod w for action on the brake u in that way when the operator desires to
stop the motions of the loom by action on the stop rod w.
Having thus described my Invention, and means which I adopt in carrying the
same into effect, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to the
precise arrangements of parts shewn and described, as the same may be varied
without departing from the peculiar character of my Invention, but what I do claim
is,-
The arranging or combining parts of apparatus for weaving narrow fabrics
whereby the shuttles employed are enabled to travel in segmental courses, sub-
stantially as described.
Secondly. I claim the arranging or combining parts for controlling the delivery
of warp from warp beams or rollers for supplying warp in weaving, substantially as
described.
Thirdly. I claim the arranging or combining parts by which a brake is brought
into operation to facilitate the stoppage of the loom, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Mason Pearson, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, the Second day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.