Improvements in the Tyres of the Wheels of Wagons and Carriages and other Road Vehicles.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Aug., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 25th Apr., 1893-Accepted, 27th May, 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Tyres of the Wheels of Wagons and Carriages
and other Road Vehicles.
We JABEZ LONES, and CHARLES VERNON and EDWARD HOLDEN and
RALPH BENNETT trading as Lones, Vernon and Holden of Sandwell Iron
Works, Smethwick in the County of Stafford Manufacturers do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention has reference to the iron or steel tyres of wheels having wooden
felloes, the said tyres being shrunk upon the felloes and our said invention consists
of the several improvements hereinafter described for fixing the tyres to the felloes
without nails or other like fastenings.
In making a tyre according to our invention we roll the iron or steel bar from
which it is to be made flat on its outer face and concave on its inner face the
outer edge being rounded and the inner edge being flat or square or we roll
the outer face convex and the inner face concave and we also roll on the inner face
of either of the bars described a series of conical, hemispherical or other shaped
projections, or a series of knife edged ribs for fixing the tyre to the felloe without
nails or other like fastenings that is to say, the said projections or knife edged ribs
on the shrinking of the tyres on the felloes penetrate the wood of the felloes and
thereby fix the tyre securely in its place.
The projections may be grouped or variously arranged on the inner face of the
tyre and various kinds of knife edged ribs may be used; for example, a series of
inclined and equidistant ribs may be used; or a series of ribs may be made to
cross one another so as to form a lozenge shaped pattern on the inner face of the
tyre or ribs arranged in the directions of diagonals to the sides of the tyre, or a rib
having an undulating or wave like form may be used.
Or in place of knife edged ribs a series of V shaped grooves parallel to the sides
of the tyre may be used for the same purpose.
The projections or ribs or grooves for securing the tyres to the felloes may be
used with tyres having the sectional figures described or with tyres having the
following sectional figure. We make both the faces of the tyre flat and give it a
slightly taper figure in cross section, that is, the tyre at its inner edge is slightly
thicker than at its outer edge and we make along each of the edges of the tyre an
inwardly projecting rib or flange, which lips or flanges on the shrinking of the
tyre close or contract upon the edges of the felloes and thereby assist in fixing
the tyre to the felloes. We make the lip at the outer edge of the tyre much
stronger than that at the inner edge, the said strong lip serving to protect the
outer edges of the felloes. The edge of the outer lip or flange may be straight or
slightly undercut.
Dated this 6th day of August 1892.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicants.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Tyres of the Wheels of Wagons and Carriages
and other Road Vehicles.
We JABEZ LONES, and CHARLES VERNON and EDWARD HOLDEN and
RALPH BENNETT trading as Lones Vernon and Holden, of Sandwell Iron
Works, Smethwick in the County of Stafford Manufacturers do hereby declare
the nature of our invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention has reference to the iron or steel tyres of wheels having wooden
felloes the said tyres being shrunk upon the felloes and our said invention consists
of the several improvements hereinafter described for fixing the tyres to the felloes
without nails, bolts or other like fastenings.
In making a tyre according to our invention we roll the iron or steel bar from
which it is to be made flat on its outer face and concave on its inner face, the
outer edge being rounded and the inner edge being flat or square; or we roll the
outer face convex and the inner face concave and we also roll on the inner face of
either of the bars described a series of conical, hemispherical or other shaped
projections, or a series of knife edged ribs for fixing the tyre to the felloe without
nails, bolts or other like fastenings; that is to say, the said projections or knife
edged ribs on the shrinking of the tyre on the felloes penetrate the wood of the
felloes and thereby fix the tyre securely in its place.
The projections may be grouped or variously arranged on the inner face of the
tyre and various kinds of knife edged ribs may be used; for example a series of
inclined and equidistant ribs may be used; or a series of ribs may be made to cross
one another so as to form a lozenge shaped pattern on the inner face of the tyre ;
or ribs arranged in the directions of diagonals to the sides of the tyre or a rib having
an undulating or wave like form may be used.
Or in place of knife edged ribs a series of V shaped grooves may be used for the
same purpose.
The projections or ribs or grooves for securing the tyres to the felloes may be
used with tyres having the sectional figures described or with tyres having the
following sectional figure. We make both the faces of the tyre flat and give it a
slightly taper figure in cross section, that is, the tyre at its inner edge is slightly
thicker than at its outer edge and we make along each of the edges of the tyre an
inwardly projecting lip or flange, which lips or flanges on the shrinking of the
tyre close or contract upon the edges of the felloes and thereby assist in fixing
the tyre to the felloes. We make the lip at the outer edge of the tyre much
stronger than that at the inner edge the said strong lip serving to protect the outer
edges of the felloes. The edge of the outer lip or flange may be straight or slightly
undercut.
Figures 1 to 16 of the accompanying drawings represent portions of wheel tyres
made according to our invention having different sectional figures and provided with
different kinds of projections or ribs on their inner faces for fixing the tyres to the
wooden felloes without nails bolts or other fastenings.
Figure 1 represents in cross section and Figure 2 in inner elevation a portion of
a tyre made of a rolled iron or steel bar flat on its outer face and concave on its
inner face the outer edge being rounded and the inner edge being flat or square.
On the inner face of the bar a series of separated knife edged or nearly knife
edged ribs a, a, a is rolled. We prefer to arrange the knife edged ribs a, a, a on
the inner concave face of the bar in the manner represented but they may be
variously arranged. We prefer to roll the separated ribs a, a, a on the bar in the
following manner. By the rolling operation by which the figure of the bar is
perfected, we roll upon its inner face continuous ribs of the sectional figure repre-
sented and by a subsequent rolling operation we roll out into the substance of the

page_text: bar portions of the ribs so as to leave the separated or detached ribs a, a, a
represented in the drawing.
Figure 3 represents in side elevation and Figure 4 in cross section a portion of a
tyre of the kind represented in Figures 1 and 2 attached to the wooden felloe of
the wheel by the knife edged ribs a, a on the inner face of the tyre penetrating on
the shrinking of the tyre into the wood of the felloes and thereby preventing any
lateral motion of the tyre upon the felloes. The tyre is thereby fixed to the
felloes without nails, bolts or other like fastenings, the concave face of the tyre
assisting in securing it in its place. It will be seen by an examination of Figure 4
that when the tyre is fixed to the felloes the rounded edge a projects beyond the
felloes and prevents the felloes being injured by coming into contact with the kerb
stones or other objects.
Figure 5 represents in cross section and Figure 6 in inner elevation, a portion of
a tyre provided on its inner face with a series of inclined and equidistant knife
edged ribs marked d, d, d for the same purpose as the ribs a, a, a, the projecting
curved edge e of the tyre having a somewhat different shape from that represented
in Figure 1.
Figure 7 represents in cross section and Figure 8 in inner elevation a portion
of another tyre made according to our invention. The bar from which this
tyre is made is concave on its inner face and convex on its outer face and
has a curved projecting edge. The inner face of the bar has made on it by
the rolling operation a series of crossing knife edged ribs marked ff, so as
to form a lozenge shaped pattern on the inner face of the tyre for locking it to the
wooden felloes.
Or knife edged ribs arranged in the directions of diagonals to the sides of the
tyre may be employed as represented in cross section in Figure 9 and inner
elevation in Figure 10, the diagonal rib being marked g.
Or a knife edged rib having an undulating or wave like figure marked repre-
sented in cross section in Figure 11 and inner elevation in Figure 12 may be used
for the same purpose.
Or instead of making on the inner faces of the tyre bars the separated ribs a, a, a;
or the inclined and diagonally arranged ribs d, ƒ and g or the undulating or wave
like rib h, grooves of a.
.corresponding figure may be made in the inner faces
of the bars.
Although we prefer when using projections or ribs to give them the form in
cross section of knife edges, as described and represented, yet the projections or
ribs may have other figures given to them which on the shrinking of the tyre will
grip or bind the tyre to the felloes. For example, a series of conical projections
may be rolled on the inner face of the bar as represented in cross section in
Figure 13 and inner elevation in Figure 14 and marked k; or a series of
hemispherical projections marked 1, las represented in Figures 15 and 16 may
be employed. The tyre bar Figures 13 and 14 is flat on its inner face and
convex on its outer face, and the tyre bar Figures 15 and 16 is flat on both
faces.
In Figures 11 and 12 we have represented a tyre having an inwardly projecting
rib or flange rolled along each edge. These lips or flanges, marked respectively m
and n, on the shrinking of the tyre close or contract upon the edges of the felloes
and thereby assist in fixing the tyre to the felloes. The lip n at the outer edge of
the tyre is made much stronger than the lip m at the inner edge of the tyre, the
The other lip m may
strong lip n serving to protect the outer edge of the felloes.
either be straight as represented or slightly undercut. Both faces of this tyre
bar are flat, the bar being slightly taper in cross section, that is to say the edge
near the lip or flange m is slightly thicker than the edge near the strong flange
or lip n.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that we claim as

page_text: our invention of "Improvements in the tyres of the wheels of wagons and
carriages and other road vehicles"
;-
Arranging on the inner face of the rolled bars of iron or steel, from which the
tyres of wheels having wooden felloes are made, a series of knife edged or nearly
knife edged ribs or a series of conical or hemi-spherical or other shaped projections
or ribs or a series of correspondingly shaped depressions for fixing the tyre to the
wooden felloe of the wheel without nails bolts or fastenings; the said ribs or pro-
jections or depressions being variously grouped or arranged on or in the inner face
of the tyre bars and the said tyre bars having the sectional figures or substantially
the sectional figures hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
Dated the Twenty-second day of April 1893.
JABEZ LONES.
CHARLES VERNON.
EDWARD HOLDEN.
RALPH BENNETT.