Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 15th June, 1886.
Complete Left, 9th Mar., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 15th Apr., 1887,
We, MATTHEW BLAKE, and JOHN BARCLAY, both of the firm of Blake, Barclay &
Company, Engineers Greenock Renfrewshire do hereby declare the nature of our
said invention to be as follows:-
Our said invention comprises certain improvements in the construction of the
crushing rollers and some of the other main working parts of the smaller class of
sugar mills, such as are generally driven by cattle or manual power, and suitable and
intended for the producers of sugar on a small scale scattered over the interior of
India or other places, for expressing the saccharine juices from sugar cane, and
specially designed to suit the requirements in such countries, and promote the sugar
industries where roads are bad, and where complete and heavy machines would not be
suitable, and could not easily be transported, but where the natives themselves are
very capable of making hard and strong wooden framing, sufficient for completing
and making the machines work well, although they could not cast and make the
important working parts referred to. And which improvements will make these
machines much more durable and suitable for the said native requirements, than has
heretofore been the case.
The nature and novelty of our improvements consist all as follows:-A first,
important improvement consists in casting the small crushing rollers of these sugar
mills of the best and toughest class of cast iron truly cylindrical on their outer
periphery in hard hollow cylindrical cast-iron chills, either plain, or with grooves or
Hutes longitudinally on their periphery, parallel to their axis or shaft. This would
chill and make the outer periphery of these rollers truly cylindrical and perfectly
hard for a considerable distance in, so that they would last for a great number of
years without requiring renewing or turning or machining, which is a difficult and
costly operation in these countries.
To cast and chill these rollers as described, the chill mould cylinders would be bored
truly cylindrical in the interior, of a diameter and length to suit the plain rollers; but
in addition, for making the rollers with grooves, internal projecting flutes would be
cut or machined in the interior of the cylindrical mould, of a pitch and shape

page_text: required to form the corresponding grooves on the outer periphery of the rollers;
and this outer chill might be formed with a water jacket to further assist in the
chilling effect in casting the rollers in it. Pattern plates and mould boxes would be
used to form the roller ends to the required shape, and be fitted to one another and to
flanges on the chill, by pins and joggles to secure the desired central portion of end
moulds and cores all true and concentrically to the interior of the chill. Although
this mode of chilling makes the periphery of the roller very hard and durable, it
would leave the central boss or end eye parts soft enough to be bored and faced to
truly fit the turned malleable iron or steel spindle, and ensure the outer chilled
periphery being true to it. The roller would preferably be secured to the spindle by
a screw nut below, and pin or jam nut under this, the rollers being surmounted as
usual by their driving wheels fitted over their upper ends under securing collars on
the spindles, all rigidly without any end play or room for motion.
The upper parts of the spindles or axes, above the wheels, and their lower ends
under the rollers, would be formed long enough to have their usual turned journal
bearings for working in bushes in the main hard wood or other framing, and be
secured up by the usual pressing screws for receiving and regulating the strain on the
rollers when crushing the sugar cane passing between them, having their carrying
footsteps below.
A further improvement consists in casting or forming the wheels, and rollers so as
to fit and be driven by the shafts, without the usual keys and key seats, and enabling
them to be quite interchangeable without having recourse to an engineering shop or
skilled labour which is difficult to obtain. For this purpose we cast or otherwise
form a slot through the eye of the wheels on one side, and form an enlargement on
the upper and lower sides of the eyes where this slot is formed, and form this
projection as a paw or clutch piece flush with the eye or rim of the wheel. And on
the upper end of the roller two corresponding projections are cast leaving room
between them to embrace the paw on the pinion and form the converse paws or
joggles of this clutch arrangement, to couple the pinions and drive their respective
rollers below them; the pinions being coupled to their shafts by steel screw pins
screwed into the shafts with square or elongated projecting heads which form driving
feathers working into the grooves formed in the eyes of the pinions; the whole being
firmly secured by the screw nuts below the rollers before mentioned admitting of the
wheels being interchangeable on either the driving or driven shafts. The pinions
would be formed with projecting flanges to strengthen their teeth in a usual manner,
and these flanges might be made to project beyond one of the rollers, or a special
flange might be formed on this roller as are commonly used for preventing the canes
on passing through the rollers, from getting up into the wheels above.
When these rollers are fitted as a vertical mill, the driving shaft would be carried
up long above, so as to be secured to the long radial driving beam levers, to the outer
ends of which the power is applied for driving the mill; but it will be obvious that
all these improvements are equally applicable for rollers and spindles ranged in
horizontal sugar cane mills, this depending on the kind of framing erected for them
out on the sugar plantations; the horizontal arrangement only requiring an additional
vertical shaft with bevel wheels to gear it to the main roller shaft.
These improvements are specially designed for saving the necessity of skilled
labour and machine tools, and appliances out at the places where the sugar mills are
required, or the transporting of them to foundries or works for repairs, where such
tools are, and for making them specially strong and durable and not liable to require
repairs.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Connected with Sugar Mills.
We, MATTHEW BLAKE, and JOHN BARCLAY, both of the firm of Blake, Barclay
and Company, Engineers, Greenock Renfrewshire do hereby declare the nature of
our said Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement in writing, reference
being had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters and figures
marked thereon, that is to say:—
Our said Invention comprises certain improvements in the construction of the
crushing rollers and some of the other main working parts of the smaller class of
sugar mills, such as are generally driven by cattle or manual power, and suitable and
intended for the producers of sugar on a small scale scattered over the interior of
India, or other places, for expressing the saccharine juices from sugar cane, and
specially designed to suit the requirements in such countries, and promote the sugar
industries where roads are bad, and where complete and heavy machines would not
be suitable, and could not be easily transported, but where the natives themselves are
very capable of making hard and strong wooden framing, sufficient for completing
and making the machines work well, although they could not cast and make the
important working parts referred to. And which improvements will make these
machines much more durable and suitable for the said native requirements, than
has heretofore been the case. These improvements are specially designed for
saving the necessity of skilled labour and machine tools, and appliances out at the
places where the sugar mills are required, or the transporting of them to foundries or
works for repairs, where such tools are, and for making them specially strong and
durable and not liable to require repairs.
The nature and novelty of our improvements consist all as follows:-A first,
important improvement consists in casting the small crushing rollers of these sugar
mills of the best and toughest class of cast iron truly cylindrical on their outer
periphery in hard hollow cylindrical cast iron chills, either plain or with grooves
or flutes preferably longitudinally on their periphery, parallel to their axis or shaft.
This would chill and make the outer periphery of these rollers truly cylindrical and
perfectly hard for a considerable distance in, so that they would last for a great
number of years without requiring renewing or turning or machining, which is a
difficult and costly operation in these countries.
To cast and chill these rollers as described; the chill mould cylinders are bored
truly cylindrical in the interior, of a diameter and length to suit the plain rollers;
but in addition, for making the rollers with grooves, internal projecting flutes are cut
or machined in the interior of the cylindrical mould, of a pitch and shape required to
form the corresponding grooves on the outer periphery of the rollers; and this outer
chill might be formed with a water jacket to further assist in the chilling effect while
casting the rollers in it. Pattern plates and mould boxes are used to form the roller
ends to the required shape, and are fitted to one another and to flanges on the chill,

page_text: by pins and joggles to secure the desired central portion of end moulds and cores
through the roller and mould all true and concentrical to the interior of the chill.
Although this mode of chilling makes the periphery of the roller very hard and
durable, it would leave the central boss or end eye parts soft enough to be bored and
faced to truly fit the turned malleable iron or steel spindle, and ensure the outor
chilled periphery being true to it.
And in order that our said invention and the manner of performing or carrying the
same into effect or practice may be properly understood, we have hereunto 'appended
an explanatory Sheet of Drawings, in which the same reference letters are used to
indicate like parts in both Figures where shown. Figure 1, is a sectional elevation
of two rollers A, A, of a small vertical sugar mill, and their driving and driven
shafts or spindles B, B, with transmitting wheels C, C, all as constructed and fitted
in accordance with the improvements of our said Invention. And Figure 2, shows a
sectional plan through the shafts B, B¹, at 1---1 of Figure 1, close to the eyes of
the wheels, and with one wheel C, removed to show the coupling end of one roller A
and the flutes a.
Referring to these Drawings.-Each roller A, is preferably secured to its spindle
or shaft Band B³, by a screw nut D below, and pin D₁ or it might be a jam nut
under this, the rollers A being surmounted as usual by their driving wheels G, C³,
fitted over their upper ends, under securing collars, B², on the spindles B, B₁, all
rigidly together without any end play or room for motion.
The upper parts of the spindles or axes B, B', above the wheels C, C, and their
lower ends under the rollers, are formed long enough to have their usual turned
journal bearings for working in bushes in the main hard wood or other framing of
the mill and be secured up by the usual pressing screws, wedges, or other equivalent
for receiving and regulating the strain on the rollers when crushing the sugar cane
passing between them, having their carrying footsteps at the extreme lower ends.
A further improvement consists in casting or forming the wheels C C¹, and
rollers A, so as to fit and be driven by the shafts B, B', without the usual keys and
key seats, and enabling them to be quite interchangeable without having recourse to
an engineering shop or skilled labour which is difficult to obtain. For this purpose
we cast or otherwise form a slot c through the immediate eye of each wheel C, O,
close to the shaft, on one side, and form an enlargement E on the upper and lower
ends or sides of the eyes where this slot c is formed, and form this projection E, as a
paw or clutch piece flush with the eye or rim of the wheel. And on the upper end
of each roller A, two corresponding projections F are cast leaving a recess F¹, between
them to embrace the paw E, on the pinion and form the converse paws or joggles of
this clutch arrangement, to couple the pinions to and drive their respective rollers A
below them; the pinions C being coupled to their shafts B by steel screw or plain
pins b, screwed or driven into the shafts with square or rectangular elongated
projecting heads which form driving feathers fitting into the grooves e formed in the
eyes of the pinions; the whole being firmly secured by the screw nuts D below the
rollers A before mentioned, admitting of the wheels C, C, being interchangeable on
either the driving or driven shafts B B¹. The pinions C, C, are formed with
projecting flanges c preferably on one side to strengthen their teeth in a usual
manner and allow of the wheels C, C, being interchangeable, and these flanges c',
might be made to extend to the full depth of the teeth and project beyond one of the
rollers A, or a special flange might be formed on one of the rollers for this purpose
for preventing the canes on passing through the rollers form getting up into the
wheels above. Holes are also preferably formed down through the web of the
wheels and the rollers at e, e¹, for allowing the oil or other lubricant to be let down
into the recess in the rollers from which it can escape down through a small slot or
gutter in each shaft or spindle shown dotted in at e, past the lower eye and nut of
the roller to lubricate the lower journals of the shaft and footstep bearing.
When these rollers A, are fitted as a vertical mill, the driving shaft B, is carried up
some distance above the mill and made square as shown at B3 in Figure 1, so as to be
secured to the metal eye of the long radial driving beam levers, to the outer ends of

page_text: which the power is applied for driving the mill. It will be obvious that all these
improvements are equally applicable for rollers and spindles ranged in horizontal
sugar cane mills, this depending on the kind of framing erected for them out on the
sugar plantations; the horizontal arrangement only requiring an additional vertical
shaft with bevel wheels to gear on to the projecting end 132, of the main roller
shaft B.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we claim is :-
First. The forming and hardening of the periphery of the rollers of sugar cane
mills either with or without grooves, by casting them in iron or steel chill moulds, all
substantially as and for the purposes herein described.
Second. The forming of the ends of sugar cane mill rollers with two or other
number of clutch paws and recesses, for receiving and fitting into corresponding
paws on their driving wheels, substantially as and for the purposes herein described,
in reference to and shown in the accompanying Drawings, or any mere modification
thereof.
Third. The forming or casting of the wheels of sugar-cane mills with clutch paws
on their opposite sides, to fit corresponding paws in the ends of the rollers and with
or without the large flanges e', on one side on the ends of their teeth, to make these
interchangeable, and actuate the rollers, all substantially as herein described in
reference to and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth. The forming of the wheels of sugar cane mill rollers with a slot in their
eyes for the action of a driving pin fitted in their shafts, so as to actuate said wheels
and rollers, all substantially as herein described, in reference to and shown in the
accompanying Drawings.
Fifth. The construction, or arrangement and combination of sugar-cane mill rollers,
with driving clutches, and their spindles, and screw nuts and driving feather pins in
wheels, all substantially as and for the purposes herein described, in reference to
and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
DL: 041 1 1. 1677