IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PACKING SUBSTANCES INTO PARCELS, MORE PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE FOR PACKING FILAMENTOUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1880

page_text: 65
LETTERS PATENT to William Anton Gottlieb Schönheyder, of No. 3, Flora
Terrace, Albion Road, Stoke Newington, in the County of Middlesex, for an
Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PACKING
SUBSTANCES INTO PARCELS, MORE PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE FOR PACKING
FILAMENTOUS SUBSTANCES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Anton Gottlieb
Schönheyder at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th June
1880.
WILLIAM ANTON GOTTLIEB SCHÖNHEYDER, of No. 3, Flora Terrace, Albion Road,
Stoke Newington, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR PACKING SUBSTANCES INTO PARCELS, MORE PARTICULARLY
APPLICABLE FOR PACKING FILAMENTOUS SUBSTANCES."
This Invention has for its object the construction of machinery or apparatus for
packing substances into parcels by folding them up in wrappers, being more
particularly applicable to filamentous substances, or, in other words, such substances
as cannot be poured.
For this purpose, after having separated the material to be packed into suitable
portions, and sometimes also weighing the same in the usual manner, I place such
portions in a series of buckets or cups (one in each), attached to a travelling band
or chain, and worked in combination with the other portions of the machine, either
continuously or intermittently, and in such a manner that the portions are
regularly deposited one by one on to the papers in which they are to be
wrapped.
The said papers (or wrappers of any suitable kind), are stored in a pile in a
suitable box with moveable bottom, which is raised automatically through a small
distance for every paper withdrawn. The papers are fed forward from the said box
and deposited on to a platform by means of a reciprocating tube perforated on the
underside with a number of small holes, which are put alternately in communi-
cation with a vacuum chamber and with the atmosphere, or sometimes with a
pressure chamber, in a manner usual for feeding papers for various purposes. Or
DQ71

page_text: +
the papers may be fed from a continuous roll and cut off as required by well known
automatic means.
The platform on to which the wrappers are deposited is made in two parts in
the form of two hinged flaps with suitably raised edges, for the purpose of confining
the paper to an exact position, and the said flaps are actuated by cams, rods, or
other suitable mechanism, so as to fold up and form the paper into a trough-shaped
form, suitable for receiving the portions of material which are delivered by the
travelling buckets beforementioned. Two moveable guards are provided for
confining the material endways in the trough while it is being placed therein,
and are subsequently removed automatically at proper times.
A vertically moving presser fitted with a suitably shaped tool or cup at bottom
as well as with fingers or guides controlling the paper is arranged so as to press
the wrapper (which is now between the two vertical flaps), and the material to be
packed into the open die of a circular wheel placed immediately below the said
flaps.
This circular wheel with 8 (more or less) dies of a form and size corresponding to
that which the parcel is to assume, is made in the following manner :-Each die
is made in halves, one half being fixed to the wheel, and the other half is hinged to
the fixed die or to the wheel, and is by suitable pinions, racks, cams, or other
mechanical equivalents, made to open and close at proper intervals, so as to firstly
receive the wrapper with the material in it; secondly, carry it to certain fingers or
other device for causing the paper to be folded over into a cylindrical, square, or
other prismatic shape; thirdly, for retaining it boxed up while the ends are folded
in; and finally, for discharging it when finished. Holes or perforations are made
in the dies for retaining the paper more firmly when desired, and the said holes are
for this purpose put into communication with a vacuum chamber, or they can be
made to communicate with air (or other fluid) under pressure, or with the
atmosphere, so as to expel or merely release the finished parcel. The said communi-
cation with the vacuum or pressure is effected by means of valves, actuated
automatically from the presser or other moving part of the machine. Motion is
imparted to the said wheel and dies by a pall engaging a ratchet on the same shaft
as the wheel (or forming part thereof), so that a step motion is imparted to it,
whereby each die is in succession brought underneath the flaps and the presser, or
opposite the various folding fingers.
The first folding of the wrapper so as to close it up into a cylindrical or prismatic
shape, is performed partly by the motion of the table containing the dies, whereby
one edge of the wrapper is brought into contact with certain prongs or fingers, and
folded over on to the material, and partly by the action of the hinged parts of the
dies as they are made to close upon the fixed parts, thereby folding over the other
edge of the wrappers.
For folding in the ends, suitably shaped fingers or folders are provided, a set at
each side of the wheel (or at each end of the dies), and they are mounted in such a
manner that a to and fro movement can be given to them across the axis
of the parcel, as well as an in and out movement in the direction of the said
axis, both movements being performed automatically by cams, rods, or other
mechanical equivalents.
When four folds are made at each end of the parcel, I prefer to employ a wheel
with 8 dies, and cause the two last folds to be made in a die at right angles to the
die in which the two first folds were made, so as to be able to give to several folders
the to and fro movement above described by one set of cams and in the same
direction, and I proceed in a similar manner when any other number of folds are
to be made; but I do not however confine myself to this arrangement.
In some cases it is of advantage, after having effected the two first folds, to cause
n die to advance so as to press upon the parts folded down before effecting the other
folds, the object being to form sharply defined creases, so as to facilitate the making
of the second folds.

page_text: Proper bedplate or plates, standards, &c., are provided for containing the various
parts of the said machine, and all the cams or eccentrics are either fixed to or
actuated from the same shaft, so as to make all the various movements follow each
other in proper succession.
In some cases I provide two cams for each movement, but in other cases I only
provide a cam for moving its part or parts in one direction, and provide for the
return stroke by flat, helical, or other shaped springs, the object being to
prevent injury to the machine in case of any unforseen obstruction being
encountered.
Although I have described the several mechanical devices for performing the
various operations as being combined in one machine, yet it will be readily
understood that some of these devices may be used separate and apart from such
combination.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Anton Gottlieb Schönheyder in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 10th December 1880.
WILLIAM ANTON GOTTLIEB SCHÖNHEYDER, of No. 3, Flora Terrace, Albion Road,
Stoke Newington, in the County of Middlesex. " IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR PACKING SUBSTANCES INTO PARCELS, MORE PARTICULARLY
APPLICABLE FOR PACKING FILAMENTOUS SUBSTANCES."
This Invention has for its object the construction of machinery or apparatus for
packing substances into parcels by folding them up in wrappers, being more
particularly applicable to filamentous substances, or in other words, such substances
as cannot be poured.
For this purpose, after having separated the material to be packed into suitable
portions, and sometimes also weighing the same in the usual manner, I place such
portions in a series of buckets or cups (one in each) attached to a travelling band
or chain and worked in combination with the other portions of the machine either
continuously or intermittently, and in such a manner that the portions are
regularly deposited one by one on to the papers in which they are to be wrapped.
The said papers or wrappers of any suitable kind are stored in a pile in a suitable
box with moveable bottom, which is raised automatically through a small distance
for every paper withdrawn. The papers are fed forward from the said box and
deposited on to a platform by means of a reciprocating tube, perforated on the
underside with a number of small holes, which are put alternately in communi-
cation with a vacuum chamber and with the atmosphere, or sometimes with a
pressure chamber, in a manner usual for feeding papers for various purposes. Or
the papers may be fed from a continuous roll and cut off as required by well
known automatic means.
The platform on to which the wrappers are deposited is made in two parts in
the form of two hinged flaps, with suitably raised edges for the purpose of confining
the paper to an exact position, and the said flaps are actuated by cams, rods, or
other suitable mechanism, so as to fold up and form the paper into a trough shaped
form suitable for receiving the portions of material which are delivered by the
travelling buckets before mentioned. Two moveable guards are provided for
confining the material endways in the trough while it is being placed therein, and
are subsequently removed automatically at proper times.
A vertically moving presser fitted with a suitably shaped tool or cup at bottom
as well as with fingers or guides controlling the paper is arranged so as to press the
wrapper (which is now between the two vertical flaps) and the material to be
packed into the open die of a circular wheel placed immediately below the said
flaps.
This circular wheel with 8 (more or less) dies, of a form and size corresponding
to that which the parcel is to assume, is made in the following manner:- -Each die
is made in halves, one half being fixed to the wheel and the other half is hinged
to the fixed die or to the wheel, and is by suitable pinions, racks, cams, or other
mechanical equivalents made to open and close at proper intervals, so as to, firstly,
receive the wrapper with the material in it; secondly, carry it to certain fingers
or other device for causing the paper to be folded over into a cylindrical, square,
or other prismatic shape; thirdly, for retaining it boxed up while the ends are
folded in; and finally, for discharging it when finished. Holes or perforations are
made in the dies for retaining the paper more firmly when desired, and the said
holes are for this purpose put into communication with a vacuum chamber, or they
can be made to communicate with air (or other fluid) under pressure, or with the

page_text: atmosphere, so as to expel or merely release the finished parcel. The said com-
munication with the vacuum or pressure is effected by means of valves, actuated
automatically from the presser or other moving part of the machine. Motion is
imparted to the said wheel and dies by a pawl engaging a ratchet on the same
shaft as the wheel (or forming part thereof) so that a step motion is imparted to
it, whereby each die is in succession brought underneath the flaps and the presser
or opposite the various folding fingers.
The first folding of the wrapper so as to close it up into a cylindrical or
prismatic shape is performed partly by the motion of the table containing the dies,
whereby one edge of the wrapper is brought into contact with certain prongs or
fingers and folded over on to the material, and partly by the action of the hinged
parts of the dies as they are made to close upon the fixed parts, thereby folding
over the other edge of the wrapper.
For folding in the ends suitably shaped finger or folders are provided, a set at
each side of the wheel (or at each end of the dies), and they are mounted in such
a manner that a to and fro movement can be given to them across the axis of the
parcel, as well as an in and out movement in the direction of the said axis, both
movements being performed automatically by cams, rods, or other mechanical
equivalents.
When four folds are made at each end of the parcel I prefer to employ a wheel
with 8 dies, and cause the last two folds to be made in a die at right angles to the
dic in which the two first folds were made, so as to be able to give to several
folders the to and fro movement above described by one set of cams and in the
same direction, and I proceed in a similar manner when any other number of folds
are to be made; I do not however confine myself to this arrangement.
In some cases it is of advantage after having effected the two first folds to cause
a die to advance so as to press upon the parts folded down before effecting the
other folds, the object being to form sharply defined creases so as to facilitate the
inaking of the second folds.
Proper bedplate or plates, standards, &c., are provided for containing the various
parts of the said machine, and all the cams or eccentrics are either fixed to or
actuated from the same shaft, so as to make all the various movements follow each
other in proper succession.
In some cases I provide two cams for each movement, but in other cases I only
provide a cam for moving its part or parts in one direction, and provide for the
return stroke by flat, helical, or other shaped springs, the object being to prevent
injury to the machine in case of any unforseen obstruction being encountered.
Although I have described the several mechanical devices for performing the
various operations as being combined in one machine, yet it will be readily
understood that some of these devices may be used separate and apart from such
combination.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying Drawings shews a side view, and Fig. 2 a front view
partly in section of the before described machine. A is the base-plate on which
are mounted the two standards B, B, which carry the principal parts of the working
gear. C is the driving pulley, and D the cam-shaft on which most of the cams are
fixed. E, E, are two connecting rods (one on each side of the machine) actuated
by cams, and giving motion through the smaller rods F, F, to the rocking levers G,
to which the variously shaped fingerpieces are fixed. H, H, are levers worked by
cams I at the lower ends and fulcrumed at top, and giving motion to the 4 plungers
G2, in which the before mentioned rocking levers G are hinged, as well as to 2
intermediate plungers G', each with a fixed finger or creasing tool. The plungers
G' are slotted to allow the connecting rods F working the levers G to pass freely
through them, as indicated in Fig. 1. J is a guard piece for preventing the material
which is to be packed from spreading sideways; one is furnished on each side of

page_text: the machine. The said guard piece is shown in its lowest position, and is taken
out of the way of the "presser" by the connecting rod J' and skewed cam K, as
shewn. L is the presser which forces the paper and material into the dies of the
intermittently revolving wheel; the said dies are shewn by dotted lines in Fig. 1
at M, the wheel being omitted in Fig. 2.
Fig. 3 of Sheet II. shows to a larger scale a part sectional front view of the said
wheel, with its 8 dies M, M, and Fig. 4 shows a cross section through the wheel
and parts connected therewith. N is the wheel to which the diepieces M are
secured at equal distances from each other, and from the centre of the shaft on
which the wheel is fixed. The bearings for this shaft are clearly shewn at M³, in
Figs. 1 and 2. O is the ratchet wheel made in one with the wheel N, or attached
to it and actuated by a connecting rod from a suitably shaped cam on the shaft D,
so as to give 1/8th of a revolution to the wheel for every complete revolution of the
cam shaft, and thereby presenting each time a fresh die to the operation of the
various filling and folding tools.
The binged covers P of the said dies are opened or closed at proper times by
means of the racks P¹ which gear into the small pinions that are formed in one,
with or attached to the said covers. The out and in movements are given to the
racks by the pins and rollers P2 (shown in section in Fig. 4) which work in a cam-
shaped stationary plate Q. The racks P are not rigidly secured to the said pins
and rollers, but are held up against small pins by means of spiral springs enclosed
in the cylindrical pieces P³ which surround them, and which are in one with the
pins that carry the rollers; the effect of this combination being, that whereas the
binged covers must always open at definite times (or positively), yet on closing
upon any obstruction, the springs will yield and prevent fracture of the machine.
In the stationary cam-plate Q is formed, in addition to the before mentioned
groove for the rollers, another but smaller groove R which is concentric with the
shaft of N, and is furnished with stops at suitable intervals, so as not to be in one
continuous length. By means of this circular groove R, and of the passages S, S,
Figs. 3 and 4, the small holes in the dies M, M, are made to communicate alternately
with the pipe T, in which a partial vacuum is maintained, and with the atmosphere;
the revolution of the wheel N causing this alternation to take place at the proper
times, and the effect is obtained of holding the paper parcels securely in their
positions while being operated upon, and of allowing them to fall out when the
hinged covers are opened. In some cases I connect a division of the circular
groove R with a compressing pump, so as forcibly to expel the finished parcels.
In order to prevent a loss of vacuum from taking place before the wrapper with
its enclosed material is deposited in the die, which is vertically over the shaft, the
holes in these dies are sometimes put in communication with the vacuum vessel by
means of a separate valve U, which on being depressed establishes this communi-
cation, and on being raised again interrupts it. The downward movement is given
to it by the presser L which forces down the wrapper and its enclosed material, and
the upward movement is imparted by the teeth V which form part of wheel N, and
are 8 in number. These teeth are so placed that the valve U on descending drops
into one of the spaces between them, and immediately on the wheel N beginning to
revolve, the valve piece U is again lifted. When the valve U is depressed, the
passage U establishes a communication between the vacuum pipe T and a passage
leading to the top die. X, Figs. 3 and 5, shows the box containing the cut papers,
and which are gradually worked upwards by the bottom plate and screw X¹, as
shown, and by any well known combination of mechanical parts, but by preference
I employ an arrangement to be presently described. Y is the sucker-bar which lifts
the papers up one by one from box X and deposits them on the flaps Z when these
are in a horizontal position. The dotted part of a circle shews the path of the
sucker-bar. Well known means are employed for putting the holes in the sucker-
bar in communication alternately with a vacuum chamber and with the atmosphere
at proper times, so as to pick up the paper and again to let it go when required.
As soon as the paper has been deposited on to the flaps Z, Z, these are partly lifted

page_text: (or rotated) so as to assume the inclined position shown in Fig. 5; and the guard
plates J, Fig. 2, are at the same time allowed to drop close on to the wrapper, so
that a trough-shaped vessel is formed, the shape of the guardplates being as shewn
at Fig. 5, so as to fit closely upon the wrapper when brought down into the position
indicated at Fig. 7. Into the said trough the material to be packed is then dropped
from the buckets a, shown to the left of it, the said buckets being attached to a
pitch-chain of any convenient length for facility of feeding, and either worked
continuously or intermittently, so as to deposit their contents at the right moment.
a is the shaft driving the buckets, and receiving its motion from the pitch wheels
and chains a, Fig. 2. The presser L, Figs. 2 and 3, now descends for a portion of
its stroke, and the flaps Z, Z, next assume the vertical position, as at Fig. 3, thereby
bending up the paper into the shape shewn by a thick black line, and the final
downward movement of the presser with wrapper and material is effected, whereby
the latter is forced down into the die M.
After the return of the presser to its highest position, and the resumption of
the flaps Z of their horizontal position, the wheel N is moved through 1/8th of its
revolution, and during this movement the following operations take place:-The
wrapper has the shape of the letter U, as at Fig. 3, and is held by suction firmly in
in the die M, as already described, and as the left hand edge is moved against the
hinged fingerpiece 1 it is bent down into the shape shown by a thick line, Fig. 5;
the hinged cover P is at the same time closing upon its die M, in direction of
arrow 2, and in doing so closes the right hand edge of the wrapper upon the
already folded left hand edge, and in completing the closing process it expels the
finger 1, so that by the time the wheel with its dies has performed the 1/8th part
of its revolution the cover is entirely closed, the edges of the wrapper are properly
folded over each other, and the fingers are expelled as shown by Fig. 3.
A light
spring presses the fingers in the direction of the arrow 3, and the tops 4 prevents
them from going too far.
The wrapper with its contents is now contained within the die folded into a
cylindrical form, with the ends of the wrapper projecting some distance beyond the
side faces of the die, and the folding in of the ends now takes place by means of
the fingers on the levers G, shown in Fig. 2, and to an enlarged scale by Fig. 6. For
this purpose an up movement is first given by by fingers 5, then an in movement, and
the first fold is completed as indicated in the Drawing. The rocking levers G now
withdraw, and then oscillate so as to bring fingers 6, 6, downwards on to the
remaining projecting part of the wrapper, and thus bend it downwards, and finally
they are pressed into the die whereby the second fold is completed on the opposite
side to the first one. These two folds are made in the die when occupying the position
7 in Fig. 3. When it has moved to the position at 8 sharp creases are made in the
folds of the wrapper by the advance of the middle tools G₁ (see Fig. 2), so as to
facilitate making the last folds, which are formed in precisely the same manner as
described for the two first folds, at right angles thereto when the die has arrived at
the position 9.
Cam 10, Fig. 2, actuates the flaps Z, cams 11 actuate the sucker-bar Y, cams 12
move the presser L, and cam 13 works the die wheel N.
The automatic feed gear for the paper-box is arranged as follows :-Y¹, Fig. 3,
is a bracket or foot at the back of the sucker-box Y, which foot presses on the pile
of papers as shown for the purpose of confining it to a given level, and in doing so to
prevent the bottom plate of the box from raising them higher than requisite, in other
words it allows the pile to rise only in proportion as the papers are withdrawn
from the top. 10 is a lever actuated by the sucker-bar Y each time it descends,
which lever pulls with its lower aria through the spiral spring 11 on the sliding
bar 12 and pawl 13, shewn in plan at Fig. 8. 14 is a ratchet wheel acted on by
the pawl 13, and tapped to receive the screw X' attached to the bottom plate of
the box X, so that by its rotation or partial rotation it raises the bottom plate of
the box, and with it the pile of papers, 16 is a cross bar or bridgepiece for
carrying the wheel 14, and it is held up to the paper-box by the arrangement of

page_text: studs and springs as shown, so as to be able to yield a small distance each time the
sucker-bar with its foot Y₁ descends on to the pile. It will readily be understood
that as the connection between the pawl 13 and the lever 10 is a yielding one the
papers cannot possibly be raised higher than directed by the foot Y', and that
with proper proportions of the various parts of the feed gear the top of the pile of
papers will always be at the right level for being laid hold of by the sucker-
bar, no matter what thickness of paper may be used. As the foot Y¹ presses on
the papers at the same time that the ratchet wheel 14 is rotated, it follows that
the bridge piece 16 will yield a little for every stroke of the machine. The arrow
17 indicates a spring pressing the lever 10 upwards, and a stop 18 serves to confine
its movement.
Instead of the arrangement shown and described above I sometimes prolong the
lower end of the lever 10 into the sliding bar 12, as shewn by dotted lines, and
instead of making the ratchet-wheel 14 solid, I make it in two parts, namely, the
boss separate from the rim, and I connect the two by friction clips in a well known
manner, so that whenever the rim is rotated by the pawl, as before described, the
boss will be carried round with it by its frictional connection, until the resistance
due to the pressure brought on the pile of papers, bottom of box, and screw by the
foot Y', is sufficient to overcome such friction, when the rim will slide on the boss.
It is to be understood that the pawl 13 may be actuated in any other manner, say
from a separate cam on the shaft D, Figs. 1 and 2, and the foot or presser Y' may
also be brought down on to the pile by a separate cam movement; and when
distinct motions are imparted to the presser and the feed gear, then I prefer to make
the presser complete its descent before the feed gear is set in motion, retaining
however, always the yielding arrangements as described.
In the before described mechanism for folding the ends of the wrappers as the
oscillating movements to the rocking levers G are given by one and the same
connecting rod E, they are both in one and the same direction, but as the packet
in passing from 7 to 9, Fig. 3, has made 1/6th of a revolution the two last folds are
consequently made at right angles to the two first, and thus extra mechanical parts
are saved.
In driving the various parts of the machine I prefer to arrange them as follows:-
The rocking of levers G is positive in both directions the inward pressing of the
fingers is performed by springs, but the outward movement (out of the dies) is
positive; the presser L is lifted (out of the die and flaps) by cams, but is depressed
by springs; the flaps are closed positively and opened by springs; and, finally, the
sucker-bar is withdrawn positively from the flaps, but moved towards them by
springs. It must, however, be understood that I do not confine myself to this
mode of working.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I claim in respect of machinery for packing substances
into parcels,―
First. The combination of parts whereby the wrapper is placed on to hinged flaps,
which bend it into a trough shape, and whence after receiving its charge, it is
forced down into a travelling die by a presser, substantially as herein described.
Second. The combination of parts whereby the wrapper situated within a
travelling die first has its one projecting side folded over the charge by a finger
piece, whereupon the other side is folded over by a hinged cover to the die,
which retains the wrapper in such folded position, substantially as herein
described.
Third. The combination of parts whereby the wrapper contained within a
travelling die with its sides folded over, as set forth in the preceding claim, has its
ends folded in by the consecutive action of a series of fingers, substantially as
herein described.
Fourth. The combination of parts whereby the wrapper is first placed on hinged
flaps, where it receives its charge and is bent into a trough shape, and is then
forced down into travelling die, in which it is subjected to the consecutive action

page_text: of a series of folding tools, whereby its sides are folded over and its ends are
folded in, substantially as herein described.
Fifth. The automatic arrangement herein described for feeding the wrappers up
through a box at the exact rate at which they are withdrawn.
Sixth. The arrangement of the hinged flaps Z, in combination with the guard
plates J, whereby the wrapper is bent into a trough shape and the charge preventel
from spreading, as herein described.
Seventh. The combination of the travelling die M with the hinged cover P and
finger 1, arranged and operating as herein described.
Eighth. The arrangement of the levers G with folding fingers, having a combined
oscillating and in and out movement imparted to them for the purposes herein
described.
Ninth. So arranging and actuating the tools for folding the ends of the wrappers,
in combination with a die on a revolving disc or wheel, that while imparting
motion in one and the same direction to both sets of tools, the one set is caused to
make folds in the ends of the wrapper at or about right or other angles to the folds
made by the other set, substantially as herein described.
Tenth. The herein described arrangements in combination with the revolving
dies M, whereby the wrappers with their contents are first retained in the dies by
suction, and are then expelled by atmospheric pressure.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Anton Gottlieb Schönheyder, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Seventh day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
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