IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Thomas Hughes, of the Firm of Hughes and
Son, Patent Agents, 128, Chancery Lane, London, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS." -A communication from abroad by Asher
Burr, of Middletown, County of Middlesex, and State of Connecticut,
United States of America.
Sealed the 4th September 1866, and dated the 9th March 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Thomas Hughes
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th March 1866.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent
Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS," a communication to me from
abroad by Asher Burr, of Middletown, County of Middlesex, and State of
Connecticut, United States of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of pumps, and
consists in the peculiar construction of the joints by which the parts are
united, so that no packing or bolts are required, and so that the pump may be

page_text: adjusted to turn the nozzle to any desired position; also in the construction of
the valves, and in the manner of securing the lever or handle to the cylinder,
so that it is adjusted to different positions.
In the accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1 is a side view; Fig. 2, a vertical
central section; and Figs. 8 to 16 inclusive detached views to illustrate the
Invention.
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A is the base, and B the cylinder, the lower end of which is formed with a
flange C, inclined upon its upper side downward, as seen in Fig. 3. Three
notches D are cut through the flange C, and the said flange is also inclined
its upper
surface from the said notches, as seen at C, Fig. 3. The base
A is constructed to receive the said flange, and provided with projections E,
see Fig. 4, corresponding to the notches D, so that when the cylinder is placed
on the base the notches on the cylinder will allow it to pass down into the
base, the diameter of the cylinder immediately above the flange being made
smaller than the internal diameter of the base, for the purpose more fully
hereafter showu; and when so set into the base the cylinder is turned in
either direction, turning the flange C ander the projections E. The inclines
Con the flange C passing under the projections E securely lock the cylinder
to the base, while the outward incline of the flange C tends to throw the
pump from one point to ahother, until all parts of the lower end of the
cylinder bear firmly upon the base, forming a perfect joint without the
necessity. of packing. This result is the object of the outward, incline of the
flange C, its advantage over other constructions being that the usual manner
of uniting the cylinder to its base is by cutting an external thread upon the
cylinder, and a corresponding internal thread in the base; and screwing the
cylinder into the base. The impossibility of cutting these two threads so that
the cylinder will fit perfectly and entirely around its lower end is well known,
and that this impossibility renders it necessary to use packing; or if bolts are
used the same difficulty is found in making a metal-to-metal joint. Three
notches only on the cylinder can be employed to accomplish, this object, or a
positively equal bearing can be obtained on more or less than three. The
notches D and projection E equally dividing the circumference of the base
and cylinder, the cylinder may be placed so as to turn the nozzle in almost
any desired position. By making other projections in the base, that is to
say, six of equal space instead of three, and retaining only the three notches
on the cylinder, a greater range of adjustment will be obtained; or sis
notches on the cylinder and three projections on the base will produce the
same result; I find, however, that three notches and three projections give
sufficient range for adjustment for general purposes. G is the lower valve seat

page_text: see Fig. 5, constructed so as to rest upon the base, and also so that the
cylinder will set upon its edge. I form a shoulder upon the said valve seat
G, as seen in Fig. 5, the smaller diameter closely fitting into the cylinder of
the pump to prevent the securing of the cylinder to the base from compressing
the cylinder, so as to change its form, a difficulty which exists in the present
mode of securing the cylinder, that is to say, in such cylinders as are formed
from sheet metal. When the cylinder is so set upon the valve seat and
secured to the base in the manner described the joint around the seat is
perfectly tight, requiring no other packing or security. H, the lower valve,
seen in Figs. 8 and 9, is constructed with trunnions a; which set into lugs &
on the valve seat G, see Figs. 6 and 7; and when so set a yoke I, see Figs. 9.
and 10, is placed at the back of the said trunnions into the lugs d, so as to
hold the valve in its proper position, as in Fig. 4, the cylinder of the pump.
serving to retain the yoke I in its place, as seen in Fig. 5. On the top of the
said valve a stud L is fixed for the purpose of opening the upper valve when.
pressed down upon it, and the rear end of the valve turned up so as to form
an arm f, by which the upper box may open the said valve, as in pumps of
common construction. M is the upper valve seat; N the box to which it is
attached, which I construct as a cylinder, fitting closely tho cylinder of the
pump, so as not to require packing, and attached centrally to a rod O, which
connects it to the lever P. The valve seat M is secured to the box N in
similar manner as described for securing the cylinder of the pump to the base,
the notches i being formed on the valve seat (see Fig. 12) and the projections
on the cylinder (see Fig. 13). The valve R is constructed and arranged
upon its seat in like manner as described for the lower valve. The ears S, S.
to which the handle is attached for the fulcrum, may be of any convenient
form, but instead of rigidly securing the said ears to the cylinder I form a
bead upon the upper edge of the cylinder (see Fig. 2) and form a hook t,
see Fig. 15, to lock on to the said bead upon the outside, and upon the
inside a pair of lips T, Figs. 14 and 15, to extend down upon the inside, the
inner edge of the lips being inclined, as seen in Fig. 16. Between the said
lips I place a tongue U, corresponding to the lips T, T, and of a form
corresponding to the inner surface of the upper part of the cylinder. Through
the body, between the ears, I place a screw, having its seat in the said body.
5 and screwing into the tongue U (see Fig. 14), so that by turning the said
screw the tongue U will be drawn upward, and being of a wedge shape will
wedge firmly between the tongues and cylinder of the pump, and securely
hold the ears in their position upon the cylinder. To so adjust the said ears
as to place the lever in a different position upon the cylinder I loosen the

page_text: screw to relieve the tongue, slido the ears around upon the bead to the desired
position, and there fix it by turning the screw as before described.
By the construction of the cylinder and valves, as herein described, the
use of packing and bolts is entirely avoided, and the pump may at all times
be easily cleaned, and is equally well adapted for all purposes where a lifting
pump is required, it not being liable to get out of order, and by its peculiar
adjustment is adapted to any position.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Thomas Hughes in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 8th September 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent Agents, 123,
Chancery Lane, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Edward Thomas Hughes, Her special licence that I, the said Edward Thomas
Hughes, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Edward Thomas Hughes, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS," a communication to me from abroad by Asher
Burr, of Middletown, County of Middlesex, and State of Connecticut,
United States of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Edward Thomas Hughes, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same

page_text: is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement (that is to say) :-
This Invention relates to an improvement in the construction of pumps,
and consists in the peculiar construction of the joints by which the parts are
united so that no packing or bolts are required, and so that the pump may
be adjusted to turn the nozzle to any desired position, and in the construction
of the valves, and also in the manner of securing the lever or handle to the
cylinder, so that it is adjusted to different positions.
To enable others skilled in the art to construct and use this improvement
I will proceed to fully describe the same as illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a side view, Fig. 2 a vertical central section,
Figs. 3 to 16 inclusive detached views to illustrate the construction and
operation of this Invention, and in Figs. 17, 18, 19, and 20 the improvement
as applicable to pipe or hose couplings.
A is the base; B, the cylinder; the lower end of the said cylinder is formed
with a flange C inclined upon its upper side downward, as seen in Fig. 3.
Three notches D are cut through the flange C, and the said flange is also
inclined upon its upper surface from the said notches, and seen at C, Fig. 3.
The base A is constructed to receive the said flange, and provided with pro-
jections F, see Fig. 4, corresponding to the notches D, so that when the
cylinder is placed on to the base the notches on the cylinder will allow it to
pass down into the base; the diameter of the cylinder immediately above tho
flange is made smaller than the internal diameter of the base for the purpose
inore fully hereafter shown, and when so set into the base the cylinder is
turned in either direction, turning the flange C under the projections E; the
inclines C on the flange C passing under the projections E securely lock the
cylinder to the base, while the outward incline of the flange C tends to throw
the pump from one point to another; until all parts of the lower end of the
cylinder bears firmly upon the base, forming a perfect joint without the
necessity of packing; this result is the object of the outward incline of the
flange C.
Its advantage over other constructions is this, that the usual
manner of uniting the cylinder to its base is by cutting an external thread
upon the cylinder and a corresponding internal thread in the baso, screwing
the cylinder into the base. The impossibility of cutting these two threds so
that the cylinder will fit perfectly entirely around its lower end is well known;
this impossibility renders it necessary to use packing; or, if bolts are used,
the same difficulty is found in making a metal-to-metal joint. Three notches
only on the cylinder can be employed to accomplish this object, as a positively
equal bearing can, be obtained on more or less than three. The notches D

page_text: and projection E equally dividing the circumference of the base and the
cylinder, the cylinder may be placed so as to turn the nozzle in almost any
desired position.
By making other projections in the base, that is to say, six equally spaced
instead of three, retaining only the three notches on the cylinder, a greater
range of adjustment would be obtained; or six notches on the cylinder and
three projections on the base will produce the same result. I find, however,
that three notches and three projections give sufficient range for adjustment
for general purposes. G is the lower valvo seat, see Fig. 5, constructed so as
to rest upon the base, and also so that the cylinder will sit upon its edge.
I form a shoulder upon the said valve seat G, as seen in Fig. 5, the smaller
diameter closely fitting into the cylinder of the pump to prevent the securing
of the cylinder to the base from compressing the cylinder so as to change its
form, a difficulty which exists in the present mode of securing the cylinder,
that is to say, in such cylinders as are formed from sheet metal; and when
the cylinder is so set upon the said valve seat, and secured to the base in the
manner described, the joint around the seat is perfectly tight, requiring no
other packing or security. H, the lower valve, seen in Figs. 8 and 9, is con-
structed with trunnions a, which set into lugs & on the valve seat G, see
Figs. 6 and 7; and when so set a yoke I, see Figs. 9 and 10, is placed back
of the said trunnions into the lugs & to hold the valve in its proper position,
as in Fig. 4, the cylinder of the pump serving to retain the yoke I in its
place, as seen in Fig. 5. On the top of the said valve a stud L is fixed for
the purpose of opening the upper valve when pressed down upon it, and the
rear end of the valve turned up so as to form an arm f, by which the upper
box may open the said valve, as in pumps of common construction.
M is the upper valve seat; N, the box to which it is attached, which I
construct as a cylinder fitting closely the cylinder of the pump so as not to
require packing, and attached centrally to a rod O which connects it to the
lever P. The valve seat M is secured to the box N in similar manner as
described for securing the cylinder of the pump to the base, the notches i
being formed on the valve seat, see Fig. 12, and the projections 6 on tho
cylinder, see Fig. 13. R, the valve constructed and arranged upon its seat
in like manner as described for the lower valve. The ears S, S, to which
the handle is attached for the fulcrum may be of any convenient form, but
instead of rigidly securing the said ears to the cylinder I form a bead r upon
the upper edge of the cylinder, see Fig. 2, and form a hook t, see Fig. 15,
to lock on to the said bead upon the outside, and upon the inside a pair of
lips T, Figs. 14 and 15, to extend down upon the inside, the inner edge of

page_text: the lips being inclined, as seen in Fig. 16; between the said lips I place a
tongue U corresponding to the lips T, T, and of a form corresponding to the
inner surface of the upper part of the cylinder.
Through the body between the ears I place a screw having its seat in the
said body, and screwing into the tongue U, see Figs. 2 and 14, so that by
turning the said screw the tongue U will be drawn upward, and, being of a
wedge shape, will wedge firmly between the tongues and cylinder of the
pump, and securely hold the ears in their position upon the cylinder. To
adjust the said ears, to place the lever in a different position upon the cylinder,
loosen the screw; to relieve the tongue, slide the ears around upon the bead to
the desired position, and there fix it by turning the screw as before described.
By this construction of the cylinder and valves as herein described the use
of packing and bolts is entirely avoided, which renders this pump peculiarly
adapted to pumping acids, oils, &c., as it may at all times be easily cleaned,
and is equally well adapted for all other purposes where a lifting pump
required, it not being liable to get out of order, and by its peculiar adjustment
is adapted to any position.
is
The peculiar joint which I have described for connecting the pump cylinder
to the base is well adapted for coupling pipe or hose, as shown in Figs. 17,
18, 19, and 20.
A' is the one part of the coupling corresponding to the base of this pump;
G' is a tube inserted into the part A' in like manner as the lower valve seat
is placed in the base of the pump, and to which the pipe or hose is to be fixed
in any convenient or well-known manner B¹, corresponding to cylinder of the
pump to which another pipe or hose is in like manner attached. The two
parts A and B are provided with inclined notches and projections E and D,
and are set together in like manner as the pump cylinder is set into its base,
and being turned to one side or the other, is in like manner secured.
Having, therefore, thus fully described this Invention, what I claim as new
and useful, and desire to secure by Letters Patent is,―
First, the self-packing joint produced by the construction and arrangement
of three notches D with their inclines C' in the inclined flange C upon the
one part, and corresponding projections E upon the other part substantially
as specified.
5 Second, the combination of the valve seat G, the base A, and cylinder B,
when constructed and joined together substantially in the manner and for the
purpose herein specified.
Third, combination of the yoke I with the valve H and seat G substantially
in the manner and for the purpose set forth.

page_text: Fourth, securing the ears to the cylinder by means of the lips T, T, and
tongue U, operating substantially in the manner and for the purpose
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Seventh day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
E. T. HUGHES. (L.B.).