Improvements in the Process of Lacquering or Coating Various Articles, and in Machinery or Apparatus to be Employed in connection therewith.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Sept., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 25th Feb., 1897-Accepted, 3rd July, 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Process of Lacquering or Coating Various
Articles, and in Machinery or Apparatus to be Employed in
connection therewith.
I, CHARLES HARVEY, of Kite House, Yardley, near the City of Birmingham,
Manager of Works, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates in the one part, to the lacquering or other-wise coating of
brass or other metallic articles, such as bedstead vases and mounts, fender spindles
and terminals, tubes, bedstead pillars, and the like, principally of a hollow char-
acter to admit of their being slipped onto a holder or chuck, although my inven-
tion is applicable to the lacquering or protective coating of articles of brassfoundry
and the like generally; and in the second part, to machinery or appliances to be
used in connection with the said lacquering or coating process.
Heretofore, such articles as referred to have been lacquered by first heating tho
same upon the table of a lacquering stove, then laying hold of the article by hand
and applying the coating material by a brush, which process is tedious, as, par-
ticularly in large or heavy goods, the same have to be re-heated several times
during the operation and the lacquering is thus apt to become streaky or patchy
by the meeting edges of the successive coatings overlapping one another.
By my invention, no such defects occur, as the article, which is kept hot by any
suitable means, is rotated in front of a brush supplied with coating
material which is advanced up to and, if necessary, traversed along the article,
which is thus served with lacquer or the like without intermission.
One form of apparatus which I propose to use in connection with my improved
process of lacquering consists of a heated iron slab, such as is usually employed
and whereon the articles to be lacquered are placed and raised to a suitable tem-
perature by conduction, upon which. is erected a bracket, provided with suitable
bearings wherein runs a long metallic tuoe, properly bushed and rotated by
pulley mounted upon it or by suitable gear, whilst the middle part is fitted with
a clutch connected with an expanding chuck, holder or equivalent, as hereinafter
described, whereon the article to be coated is placed.
Running up the middle of the tube to any suitable distance is a stationary
pipe, arranged to constitute a Bunsens burner, with the jet end coming at about
that part of the interior of the rotating tube outside which the chuck or holder
is situated. Atmospheric air and gas enter the outer end of the fixed pipe or
burner and intermingle and pass up the said burner pipe and are lighted at the
inner end, and thus heat the enveloping tube, which, by conduction imparts its
heat to the article being rotated with the chuck, so that the same is kept at a
constant temperature whilst the lacquer is being applied.
I
propose
that the rotating heating tube should extend beyond the jaws of the
chuck to a considerable extent so that no gas fumes can come in contact with the
article being coated.
The chuck or holder may consist of a series of jointed arms or bell-cranked
levers, pivoted to brackets or to a carrier plate mounted on the heating tube,
over the longer members of which levers the article under treatment is slipped
and held by the same being opened outwards by pegs or stalks carried on the

page_text: face of the clutch and sliding through the brackets or carrier plate and impinging
against the depending short arms of the bell crank levers, so that when the clutch
is traversed by a suitable lever towards the chuck, the pegs act on the short arms
of the bell crank levers and thus rock the longer members outwardly and against
the inside of the mount or other article slipped over them, which is thus firmly.
held.
The operating lever of the clutch is jointed to the base of the machine, or to
a bracket carried thereby and a stud inwards of its joint takes into the annular
groove in the clutch, whose return movement may be effected by a spring or
other means.
In operation, the mount to be lacquered is threaded over the heating tube and
onto the chuck or holder which is opened out by the attendant operating the clutch
lever either by hand or foot so that the mount is rotated with the chuck. The
attendant now advances a brush charged with lacquer or other protective material
and the mount under treatment is expeditiously and efficiently coated, when the
clutch lever is released, the chuck arms fall and the mount removed from the tube
and another one substituted for it.
I propose to place at the back of the article to be coated, and preferably in
front of a window or light, a transparent screen of any color which, by reflection,
illuminates the top and bottom sides of the article so that the operative can thus
readily see the condition of the work and detect any defect in the coating; or I
may employ a rotating mirror for the same purpose.
As a modification of the first form of this second part of my invention, I may
dispense with the Bunsen burner in the interior of the rotating tube carrying the
chuck and may mount the said chuck over and close upon the table of an ordinary
lacquering stove, so that the article being lacquered is kept hot. by heat conducted
from the stove.
Thus, one side of the stove carries an arm or bracket fitted with bearings through
which a horizontal shaft, rotated by a pulley or gearing, is directed. The inner
end of this shaft is directed over the top of the table, as close down thereon as
practicable, and is fitted with a mount carrier or chuck and a clutch constructed
and operated alike unto those described in the first arrangement or in any other
way found suitable.
Where articles such as bedstead mounts having pummels or necks with screwed
holes therein, require to be lacquered, then I propose to fit the inner end of the 3
shaft in the second arrangement, or the rotating heating tube in the first arrange-
ment, with a screwed stalk or peg whereonto the mount is wormed, and in this case,
the motion of the shaft may be reversed for screwing the mount off the
peg by the following means:
The shaft is driven by a drum or a disc wheel provided with a deep and wide 4
annular groove upon one face, which forms a circular boss at the centre surround-
ing the shaft and separated from the inner periphery of the wheel or drum by a
circular channel or space, within which is disposed a friction roller mounted on
a shaft having a driving pulley at the other end and carried by the short arm of a
bell cranked lever pivoted to a bracket on the framing and having its longer and 4
downwardly depending arm counterpoised or weighted.
The bell cranked lever is slightly rocked to take the friction wheel carried by
it into contact with either the boss or the inside periphery of the drum, according
as to whether the same is to be driven forwards or backwards, by a cam or foot
fitted on the end of a short shaft turned by a lever or hand wheel.
5
Thus, the counterpoised arm of the bell crank lever causes the frictional wheel
to normally contact with the inside periphery of the drum and drive the same,
with the shaft and mount carried by it, in a forward direction, but when it is
required to reverse the motion of the said shaft to unscrew the mount, the hand
lever or wheel is slightly turned and the cam connected therewith bears against the 5
back of the long arm of the bell crank lever, which is slightly rocked and the
friction roller is removed from contact with the inside of the drum and brought
to bear on the boss of the same, thereby reversing its motion.

page_text: when the mount is unscrewed, the hand wheel is released, the parts auto-
matically resume their normal positions and forward driving is continued.
In order to bring the chuck of this machine as near to the table of the stove
as possible, and to more efficiently heat the mount, one of the walls or sides of
5 the same may be semi-circularly recessed, wherein the chuck and mount lie and
rotate.
In both the preceeding arrangements the chuck and mount.are arranged in a
horizontal plane, but in case it is found more convenient to dispose the chuck or
mount holder vertically, I may construct and arrange a machine as follows:-
Upon the top of the table of a stove, whereon articles to be lacquered are placed
and kept hot by suitable arranged burners, I erect an open-ended cylindrical or
other casing or superstructure, down the centre of which and through the body
of the stove runs a vertical shaft, rotating in suitable bearings and carrying at
its upper end and adjacent to the open top of the cylindrical casing, a rotating
plate having a conical extension or equivalent arrangement on its topside con-
stituting the chuck or support whereon the mount or article to be lacquered is
placed and is there retained by a clamping spindle arranged in a vertical line
above the conical mount supported and adapted to be taken into and out of its
holding position by mechanism hereinafter described.
The rotating vertical shaft is driven by means of a bevel or other wheel keyed
thereon and gearing with another wheel made fast on the inner end of a horizontal
axis running through a sleeve cast in the side of the stove. Running loose upon
this axis, outwards of the end of the sleeve, is a pulley driven by a band and faced,
with leather on its outer side, and adjacent to it is a clutch, adapted to rotate with
and have a sliding movement upon the axis and carrying a leather-faced friction
plate presented to the leather-faced side of the pulley and adapted to be taken
into driving contact therewith by a spring encircling the axis and disposed
between the clutch and a fixed end or part of the said axis. The clutch has an
annular groove wherein the stud of an operating lever takes.
The tendency of the spring being to keep the friction plate of the clutch in
driving contact with the pulley, motion communicated to the said pulley is trans-
ferred through the clutch to the axis and thence by the gearing to the vertical
shaft and mount holder on the upper end thereof, but when the clutch is taken out
of contact with the pulley by means of the hand lever, the machine is at once
stopped and the said pulley runs idle on the axis until the lever is released when
the spring takes the friction parts into contact and driving is resumed.
The removable mount-clamping spindle is carried and made vertically adjust-
able within a bossed part of an arm or right-angled extension surmounting the
upper end of a rising and falling and turning rod, running down a vertical sleeve
or other bearing mounted upon the stove adjacent to the cylindrical superstructure.
A suitable part of this rod is fitted with a peg or short arm carrying a roller adapted
to be brought against the acting face of a suitably formed cam plate disposed in
its path and arranged to give a turning movement to the said rod when the same
is raised and thus swing the clamping spindle clear of the mount and admit of its
ready removal from the chuck.
The lower end of the rod terminates in an annularly grooved cylindrical block
or drum, into the groove of which the acting end of a hand lever takes for giving
the lifting motion to the said rod, whilst the return movement of the same is
effected by a cord, fast at one end to and wrapped around the block or drum and
with the other free end part passing over a pulley and having a weight suspended
therefrom. Or the said return movement may be effected by suitably arranged
springs.
The cylindrical superstructure may be provided with supplementary gas burners
for keeping hot the rotating chuck-carrying plate and with a suitable outlet or
outlets for the gas fumes.
I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself to the particular arrange-
ments of driving and reversing gear herein described, as any well known equiva-
ent means may be employed for the same purpose without departing from my
Invention.

page_text: In lacquering tubes, bedstead pillars and the like, I provide the table of the
stove with two or more parallel horizontal channels or semi-circular sectioned
grooves, and I mount lignable with one of these grooves, a pair of opposite head-
stocks, wherein live and idle spindles with square taper or other centres are respec-
tively mounted. The live spindle may either be continuously rotated by pulleys
or gearing and stopped and started by a clutch or other means, or may be inter-
mittently rotated by ratchet wheel and pawl actuated by hand or power. A tube
to be lacquered is placed between the centres and is intermittently or continuously
rotated and the lacquer applied, the said tube being kept hot by heat radiated
from the walls of the groove in the hot plate, which is of sufficient depth for the
tube to lie within. When the lacquering is completed, the centres are opened out
and the tube withdrawn.
In the case of bedstead pillars the grooves are provided with suitable clearances
to take the corners and mechanical means may be provided for transferring a
pillar from the first groove, wherein it lies to receive its initial heating, to the
centres of the headstocks between which it is held during lacquering.
Dated this 4th day of September 1896.
CHARLES HARVEY,
By Henry Skerrett,
Agent for Applicant.
LETE SPECIF
Improvements in the Process of Lacquering or Coating Various
Articles, and in Machinery or Apparatus to be Employed in
connection therewith.
I, CHARLES HARVEY of Kite House, Yardley, near the City of Birmingham,
Manager of Works, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates, in the one part, to the lacquering or otherwise coating of
brass or other metallic articles, such as bedstead vases and mounts, fender spindles
and terminals, tubes, bedstead pillars, and the like, principally of a hollow
character to admit of their being slipped onto a holder or chuck, although my
invention is applicable to the lacquering or protective coating of articles of brass-
foundry and the like generally; and in the second part, to machinery or appliances
to be used in connection with the said lacquering or coating process.
Heretofore, such articles as referred to have been lacquered by first heating the
same upon the table of a lacquering stove, then laying hold of the article by hand
and applying the coating material by a brush, which process is tedious, as, par-
ticularly in large or heavy goods, the same have to be re-heated several times
during the operation and the lacquering is thus apt to become streaky or patchy
by the meeting edges of the successive coatings overlapping one another.
By my invention, no such defects occur, as the article, which is kept hot by any
suitable means, is carried and rotated in front of a brush supplied with coating
material and advanced up to and, if necessary, traversed along the article,
which is thus served with lacquer or the like without intermission.
One form of apparatus which I propose to use in connection with my improved
process of lacquering consists of a heated iron slab, such as is usually employed
and whereon the articles to be lacquered are placed and raised to a suitable tem-
perature by conduction, and upon which is erected a bracket, provided with suitable
bearings wherein runs a long metallic tube, properly bushed and rotated by a
pulley mounted upon it or by suitable gear, whilst the middle part is fitted with
à clutch connected with an expanding chuck, holder or equivalent, as hereinafter
described, whereon the article to be coated is placed.

page_text: Running up the middle of the tube to any suitable distance is a stationary.
ipe, arranged to constitute a Bunsens burner, with the jet end coming at about
hat part of the interior of the rotating tube outside which the chuck or holder
s situated. Atmospheric air and gas enter the outer end of the fixed pipe or
ourner and intermingle and pass up the said burner pipe and are lighted at the
nner end, and thus heat the enveloping tube, which, by conduction, imparts its
heat to the article being rotated with the chuck, so that the same is kept at a
constant temperature whilst the lacquer is being applied.
I propose that the rotating heating tube should extend beyond the jaws of the
chuck to a considerable extent so that no gas fumes; can come in contact with the
article being coated.
The chuck or holder may consist of a series of jointed arms or bell-cranked
levers, pivoted to brackets or to a carrier plate mounted on the heating tube,
over the longer members of which levers the article under treatment is slipped
and held by the same being opened outwards by pegs or stalks carried on the
face of the clutch and sliding through the brackets or carrier plate and impinging
against the depending short arms of the bell crank levers, so that when the clutch
is traversed by a suitable lever towards the chuck, the pegs act on the short arms
of the bell crank levers and thus rock the longer members outwardly and against
the inside of the mount or other article slipped over them, which is thus firmly.
held.
The operating lever of the clutch is jointed to the base of the machine, or to
a bracket carried thereby and a stud inwards of its joint takes into the annular
groove in the clutch, whose return movement may be effected by a spring or
other means.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents in longitudinal vertical
section, a machine adapted for the lacquering of bedstead mounts and like hollow
articles and constructed according to this first form of my invention.
Figure 2 is a topside plan of the same.
The said machine which is preferably supported upon a heated iron slab upon
which the articles to be lacquered are placed for warming them, consists of the long
metallic tube a, mounted and running in suitable bearings b, of the bracket arms b',
proceeding from the support or standard 63, and rotated by the pulley c, made fast
to it at a³, whilst at or approximate to the middle part it is fitted with a sliding
clutch c, operating or controlling the expanding clutch or work holder d, which
comprises three (or other suitable number) of bell-cranked levers d', adjustably
connected to the carrier plate d², by bolts, taking through slots d', and being
secured by end nuts d, and with the longer members or arms 26, arranged to
receive the slipped-on mount e, whilst the pegs cl, of the sliding clutch c, pass
through holes d, in the carrier plate and impinge against the inwardly directed
short arms d, of the levers d', which are thus rocked outwardly and against the
inside of the mount, which is thus firmly held, the clutch being traversed by the
lever, pivoted at 3, to the bracket or support 63, and carrying at c', a roller or
stud c, taking into the annular groove c6, in the clutch body.
f is a Bunsens gas burner, carried by and made fast to an extension 6, of the
bracket be, and directed from the end a³, up the inside of the rotating chuck-
carrying tube a, and arranged so that the flame proceeding from its inner end f,
shall play upon the inside of that part of the rotating tube around which the mount
is held whilst being lacquered.
a is the extended end of the carrier tube, for taking the fumes to a distance
from the work.
In operation, the mount to be lacquered is threaded over the heating tube and
onto the chuck or holder which is opened out by the attendant operating the clutch
lever either by hand or foot so that the mount is rotated with the chuck. The
5 attendant now advances a brush charged with lacquer or other protective material
and the mount under treatment is expeditiously and efficiently coated, when the
clutch lever is released, the chuck arms fall and the mount removed from the tube
and another one substituted for it.

page_text: I propose to place at the back of the article to be coated, and preferably in fron
of a window or light, a transparent screen of any color which, by reflection
illuminates the top and bottom sides of the article so that the operative can thus
readily see the condition of the work and detect any defect in the coating; or I
may employ a rotating mirror for the same purpose.
As a modification of the first form of this second part of my invention, I may
dispense with the Bunsen burner in the interior of the rotating tube carrying the
chuck and may mount the said chuck over and close upon the table of an ordinary
lacquering stove, so that the article being lacquered is kept hot by heat conducted
from the stove.
Thus, one side of the stove carries an arm or bracket fitted with bearings through
which a horizontal shaft, rotated directly by a pulley or gearing, is directed. The
inner end of this shaft is directed over the top of the table, as close down thereon
as practicable, and is fitted with a mount carrier or chuck and a clutch constructed
and operated alike unto those described in the first arrangement or in any other
way found suitable.
Where articles such as bedstead mounts or vases having pummels or necks with
screwed holes therein, require to be lacquered, then I propose to fit the inner end
of the rotating shaft (or the rotating heating tube in the first arrangement) with
a screwed stalk or peg whereonto the mount is wormed, and in this case, the
motion of the shaft may be reversed for screwing the mount off the peg by the
following means:
The shaft is driven by a drum or a disc wheel provided with a pair of separated
flanges or with a deep and wide annular groove upon one face, which forms a
central circular boss surrounding the shaft and separated from the inner periphery
of the wheel or drum by a circular channel or space, within which is disposed a
friction roller mounted on a shaft having a driving pulley at the other end and
carried by the short arm of a bell cranked lever pivoted to a bracket on the framing
and having its longer arm counterpoised or weighted.
The bell cranked lever is slightly rocked to take the friction wheel carried by
it into contact with either the boss or the inside periphery of the drum, according
as to whether the same is to be driven forwards or backwards, by a cam or foot
fitted on the end of a short shaft turned by a lever or hand wheel and bearing
against the bottom edge of the said counterpoised arm.
Thus, the counterpoised arm of the bell crank lever causes the frictional wheel
to normally contact with the inside periphery of the drum and drive the same,
with the shaft and mount carried by it, in a forward direction, but when it is
required to reverse the motion of the said shaft for unscrewing the mount, the
hand lever or wheel is slightly turned and the cam connected therewith bears
against the bottom edge of the long arm of the bell crank lever, which is slightly 4
raised or rocked and the friction roller is removed from contact with the inside
of the drum and brought to bear on the boss of the same, thereby reversing
its motion.
When the mount is unscrewed, the hand wheel is released, the parts auto-
matically resume their normal positions and forward driving is continued.
In order to bring the chuck of this machine as near to the table of the stove as
possible, and to more efficiently heat the mount, one of the walls or sides of the
same may be semi-circularly recessed, wherein the chuck and mount lie and
rotate.
Figure 3 represents a topside: plan of a lacquering machine constructed according s
to this second form of my invention and provided with gear for reversing the
motion of the rotating spindle.
Figure 4 represents upon an enlarged seale, a cross section of figure 3, upon
the dotted line z, showing more clearly the construction of the reversing gear.
Figure 5 is a transverse section of the said reversing gear upon the dotted
line ¹, figure 4.
Figure 6 is a plan, partly in section, upon the same scale as figures 4 and 5, of
the clutch and expanding chuck parts of the machine.
55

page_text: Figure 7 is a cross section upon the dotted line, figure 6, showing the rollered
stud on the end of the actuating lever engaging in the annular groove of the
clutch, and
Figure 8 is a cross section upon the dotted line, figure 6, taken through
part of the expanding chuck, showing the studs or short extensions on the inner
ends of the arms of the expanding chuck lying within a groove in the end of the
clutch sleeve.
Figure 9 is an elevation, and figure 10 a plan of the one expanding-chuck
arms separately, and
Figure 11 is a detail view, showing a method of attaching the screwed peg for
taking vases or mounts to the end of the spindle.
The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in figures 3 to 11.
a is the table or top of a lacquering stove a, with a semi-circular or like sec-
tioned channel or trough a, of suitable depth, formed along the front of the same,
whilst the side a³, of the said stove top has directed from it, the bracket or sup-
porting arm b, provided with bearings b,, in which is mounted and runs the
rotating horizontal shaft e, carrying on its inner end el, the clutch d, and expanding
mount-carrying chuck e, and, when required, the screw-ended peg f (see
figure 11) whereon the screwed pummels of bedstead vases and like mounts r
ornan nts are wormed. The said clutch d, consists of a non-rotating sleeve d'.
surrounding the shaft e, and with a pair of separated collars d, at one end
between which the rollered stud d, on the underside of the short arm d, of the
clutch-operating lever d, pivoted at do, to a bracket d', bolted on the stove table a',
comes, and by which the clutch is traversed in one direction along the shaft, the
return movement being effected by the spring d, encircling said axis and
interposed between the collar d, and the end do, of the sleeve.
dis an annular groove or channel cut in the other part of the sleeve, and
wherein the short arms or studs el, directed inwardly from the inner ends of the
arms e, of the chuck e, engage, said arms being pivoted at e, to brackets e³,
carried upon a flange e, bolted to, and rotating with, the shaft (as best seen in
figure 11).
It will thus be seen that when the lever d, is turned by the hand of the operative
in the direction indicated by the arrow in figure 3, the clutch is moved in the
reverse direction and the arms of the chuck rocked upon their centres and made
to approach each other. A mount is then slipped over the chuck, and the lever
released, when the spring d, comes into play, returns the clutch and lever to their
original positions, or approximately thereto, and opens the arm of the chuck
against the inside of the mount during the time that the lacquer is being applied
thereto; and also that as the chuck and mount run within or are, to an extent,
encompassed by the trough or channel a, in the stove bed a', which is heated
from underneath by burners, the revolving mount is kept hot whilst being
lacquered by the heat radiated from the walls of the said trough.
In the gearing by which the shaft is driven and its motion reversed,
when required, is the drum or disc wheel, keyed at f, to and rotating
with the shaft c, and having an outer annular flange f, and an inner
annular flange concentric with and adjacent to the central boss
these flanges being separated by the circular channel f g is a friction
roller, located in the channel f, and mounted upon and rotating around the fixed
countershaft g, and made fast, by the sleeve to the pulley g, by which the
friction wheel is driven through the strap or band A. The said countershaft g', is
directed from the short arm g, of the counterpoised bell-crank lever g, pivoted
at g', to the extension 66, of the framing and having a weighted end g', the normal
tendency of the counterpoising arrangement being to keep the friction roller in
driving contact with the inside periphery of the flange f and so drive the drum f,
and shaft c, with clutch, chuck and mount forwards or in the direction shown
by the arrow 1, in figure 4, and in order to reverse the motion, the lifting cam h,
is provided, coming against the underside of the lever g5, and adapted to rock
the same upon its centre in order to transfer the friction roller from contact with

page_text: the flange, and into driving contact with the periphery of the inner flange f
as shown in figure 4, the said cam being mounted on one end of the shaft h',
turning in bearings 65, and rocked by the hand lever 2 at the other end.
The peg f, is secured into the hollow and extreme inner end of the shaft c, and
onto the screwed part of which, the pummel of a vase or like ornament to be
lacquered is wormed instead of being held by the arms of the expanding chuck.
In both the preceeding arrangements the chuck and mount are arranged in a
horizontal plane, but in case it is found more convenient to dispose the chuck or
mount holder vertically, I may construct and arrange a machine such as shown in
end elevation in figure 12 and in vertical section upon the dotted line .', in figure 13,
in which the same parts are indicated by the same reference letters.
Upon the top of the table a', of a stove a whereon articles to be lacquered are
placed and kept hot by suitably arranged burners a7, I erect an open-ended cylind-
rical or other casing or superstructure 8, down the centre of which and through
the body of the stove runs a vertical shaft, c, rotating in suitable bearings b1, b
and carrying at its upper end e', and adjacent to the open top of the cylindrical
casing, a rotating plate d, having a conical extension or equivalent arrange-
ment on its topside constituting the chuck or support whereon the mount or
article e, to be lacquered is placed and is there retained by a clamping spindle d³,
arranged in a vertical line above the conical mount support, and adapted to be
taken into and out of its holding position by the mechanism hereinafter described.
The rotating vertical shaft is driven by means of bevel (or other) wheel 2
keyed thereon and gearing with another wheel f, made fast on the inner end f',
of a horizontal axis f, directed through a sleeve f, cast in the side of the stove,
whilst running loose upon this axis, outwards of the end of the sleeve, is a pulley f',
driven by a band, and faced with leather on its outer side f, and adjacent to it is
a clutch g, adapted to rotate with and have a sliding movement upon the axis f
and carrying a leather-faced friction plate g, presented to the leather-faced side
of the pulley f, and adapted to be taken into driving contact therewith by a
spring encircling the axis and disposed between the clutch and a fixed end f',
or part of the said axis. The clutch has an annular groove g', wherein the studs,
of an operating lever g, carried on the framing, take.
The tendency of the spring being to keep the friction plate g12, of the clutch
in driving contact with the pulley f, motion communicated to the said pulley is
transferred through the clutch to the axis f, and thence by the gearing to the
vertical shaft and mount holder on the upper end thereof, but when the clutch
is taken out of contact with the pulley by means of the hand lever, the machine
is at once stopped and the said pulley runs idle on the axis until the lever is re-
leased when the spring again takes the friction parts into contact and driving
is resumed.
The removable mount-clamping spindle, is carried and made vertically adjust-
able within a bossed part 4', of an arm or right-angled extension h, surmounting
the upper end of a rising and falling and turning rod h³, running down a vertical
sleeve or other bearing, mounted upon the stove adjacent to the cylindrical
superstructure, and this rod is fitted at ', with a peg or short arm 4, carrying
a roller 5, adapted to be brought against the acting face h, of a suitably formed
and fixed cam-plate 7, carried on the summit of the sleeve ³, and disposed in
the path of the said roller and so arranged to give a turning movement to the said
rod h³ when the same is raised and thus swing the clamping spindle d, clear of
the mount and admit of its ready removal from the chuck d'.
The lower end of the rod 2, terminates in an annularly grooved cylindrical
block or drum, into the groove of which the acting end of a hand lever s
takes for giving the lifting motion to the said rod, whilst the return movement
of the same is effected by a cord hº, fast at one end to and wrapped around
the block or drum h, and with the other free end part ", passing over a pulley 12
and having a weight 3 suspended therefrom. Or the said return movement may
be effected by suitably arranged springs.
The cylindrical superstructure may be provided with a supplementary gas

page_text: burner for keeping hot the rotating chuck-carrying plate and with a suitable
outlet al, or outlets for the gas fumes.
I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself to the particular arrange-
ments of driving and reversing gear herein described, as any well known equivalent
means may be employed for the same purpose without departing from my inven-
tion.
In lacquering tubes, bedstead pillars and the like, I provide the table of the
stove with two or more parallel horizontal channels or semi-circular sectioned
grooves, and I mount lignable with one of these grooves, a pair of opposite head-
stocks, wherein live and idle spindles with square taper or other centres are
respectively mounted. The live spindles may either be continuously rotated by
pulleys or gearing and stopped and started by a clutch or other means, or may
be intermittently rotated by ratchet wheel and pawl actuated by hand or power.
Figure 14 represents a front elevation of a machine designed for the lacquering
of such articles as bedstead pillars and constructed according to one form of this
last part of my invention.
Figure 15 is a topside plan of the same, showing the parallel horizontal channels
in the table of the stove."
Figure 16 is a cross section of the machine or apparatus upon the dotted line 6,
figure 15.
In Figures 14, 15 and 16, a is the bed of a lacquering stove a, which is heated
in any convenient manner and which has in the top of it, a pair of parallel and
preferably semi-circular sectioned grooves or channels a2, 3 each with enlarge-
ments or clearances at at. A bedstead pillar to be lacquered is first placed in the one
channel a2, and made hot by heat transmitted from the stove and is then trans-
ferred to and clamped between the centres 62, 63, of live and idle spindles b, b',
arranged in line with the other channels a³, and with the former spindle b,
having a continuous rotating motion given to it (when required) by a band
passing around the pulley 63, carried upon a sleeve 6', mounted in the headstock 65
and through which said spindle b, passes, connection between them being made by
a clutch c, operated by a hand lever el, cam 2, and connecting rods c³, c, whilst
the idle spindle 6, is made adjustable by rack and pinion gear d (or otherwise) to
take varying lengths of pillars or tubular articles. A continuous rotary motion is
imparted to the pillar, tube or the like and the lacquer applied whilst it is rotating
the said tube being kept hot by heat radiated from the walls of the groove a³ in
the hot plate, which is of sufficient depth for the tube to lie within. When the
lacquering is completed, the centres are opened out and the tube withdrawn..
The clearances a in the grooves a, a, are provided to take the corners or chills,
and the means for transferring a pillar from the first groove a³, wherein it lies to
receive its initial heating to the centres of the headstocks at the ends of the second
groove between which it is held during lacquering, may consist of a pair of hook-
ended arms do, suspended from the forward ends of levers d', pivoted upon the
elevated rod or centre d, one end of which has made fast to it a counterpoised
lever d³, in communication, by means of the connecting rod d', with a treadle d³.
Transverse clearances a, are formed across the stove top for enabling the hook
ends of the arms d³, which are pulled down by hand, to be engaged under a pillar
to be raised. The said pillar is then lifted by depressing the treadle, and when
the same is clear of the first groove, the arms carrying it are swung forwards over
the second groove and then lowered until lignable with the centres between which
it is clamped. The hooks are then disengaged and are taken back out of the way
and into the position shown in the drawings by the weighted lever d'. The pillar
is then rotated and lacquered as described.
It is understood that by serving the lacquer or other protective coating upon
the articles during a time that they are being rotated and under the influence of
heat radiated or conducted from the stove or apparatus, the said lacquer is evenly
spread or distributed over the whole surface to be coated, the said even distribu-
tion being greatly facilitated by the centrifugal action of the rotating body.
It is obvious that instead of the article being rotated, the brush or other means

page_text: by which the lacquer or coating is served or applied may be rotated and that instead
of the article being rotated only, it may be both continuously or intermittently
rotated and traversed, or it may be simply traversed lengthwise or transversely
past a brush or other lacquer-serving expedient.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
First: A process of lacquering or giving a protective coating to metallic
articles and goods consisting in serving the said lacquer or protective coating upon
the said articles or goods during a time that the same are being rotated and whilst
either in a heated state or under the influence of heat.
Secondly: An apparatus or machine for use in connection with the process of
lacquering or coating referred to in the preceeding claim, consisting of a fixed or
rotating and heated or internally-heated carrier or burner sheath, which may
have an expanding chuck or other clamp or holder in connection with it, and which
serves as a means for both screening the article being treated from gas or other
fumes, and for transmitting heat to the said article.
Thirdly: An apparatus or machine for use in lacquering or coating metallic
articles, consisting of a rotating and internally heated carrier, upon which is
mounted an expanding chuck and a clutch for operating the same, the parts being
arranged and combined substantially as described and set forth in Figures 1 and 2.
Fourthly: An apparatus or machine for use in connection with the process of
lacquering or coating referred to in the first claim, consisting of a fixed or rotating
carrier (which may have a chuck or other clamp or holder in connection with it)
mounted upon
and in close proximity to a stove or heating apparatus, or within a
channel or groove in the top or other part of a stove or heating apparatus.
Fifthly: An apparatus or machine for use in connection with the process of
lacquering or coating referred to in the first claim, consisting of a rotating carrier,
mounted to run in a groove or channel in the top of a stove and having a chuck,
screwed peg or other holder, in conjunction with mechanism or means for
reversing the direction of motion of the same for the purpose herein described.
Sixthly The means for reversing the direction of motion of the rotating
carriers of lacquering or coating machines, consisting of a drum or equivalent
provided with inner and outer flanges or peripheries and a friction roller or similar
device, adapted to be taken into contact with either one or other of the said
flanges, substantially as and for the purpose described and set forth in figures 3, 4
and 5.
Seventhly-In lacquering or coating machines, the arrangement and combina-
tion of the expanding chuck, together with its operating clutch and cognate parts,
substantially as described and set forth in figures 3, 6, 7, 8, and 10.
Eighthly In lacquering or coating machines, the general construction, arrange
ment and combination of une several parts of the same, substantially as described
and set forth in figures 3 to 11.
Ninthly A lacquering or coating machine or apparatus, in which the chuck
or holder is carried upon a heated plate or equivalent surmounting or carried upon,
a vertical rotating spindle and has in conjunction with it, a supplementary clamp
or holder, provided with means, such as the cam plate, rising and falling rod and
rollered peg shown in figures 12 and 13, whereby it is raised and turned away from
its holding position.
Tenthly: In lacquering or coating machines, the general construction, arrange-
ment and combination of the several parts substantially as and for the purpose
described and set forth in figures 12 and 13.
Eleventhly: The general construction, arrangement and combination of the
parts of the machine for lacquering or coating bedstead pillars, tubes, rods and
other long articles, and of the means for transferring such articles from one posi-
tion to another, substantially as described in figures 14, 15 and 16

page_text: Twelfthly:-The methods of lacquering or coating metallic articles and goods
whilst the same are being rotated.
Dated this 24th dow of February 1897
CHARLES HARVEY,
By Henry Skerrett,
24, Temple Row, Birmingham, Agent for Applicant.