IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John James Lundy, of Leith, in the County of Mid
Lothian, North Britain, Colour and Chemical Manufacturer, F.G.S., and
Robert Irvine, of Magdalen Chemical Works, Musselburgh, in the
County of Mid Lothian, North Britain, Manufacturing Chemist, for the
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John James Lundy and.
Robert Irvine at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 1st April 1864. .
We, JOHN JAMES LUNDY, of Leith, in the County of Mid Lothian, North
Britain, Colour and Chemical Manufacturer, F.G.S., and ROBERT IRVINE, of
Magdalen Chemical Works, Musselburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the application and use in the manufacture of
paper of certain natural products or chemical compounds for the purpose of
imparting to the manufactured product. a hard, smooth, and firm surface.
One modification or system of carrying out this Invention consists in the
application and use of the silicates of magnesia in the manufacture of paper,
commercially known under the names of tale and steatites or soapstones.
These materials, after being finely powdered, or they may be levigated with

page_text: water, are used in the manufacture of paper in suitable proportions for pro-
ducing the required smoothness of surface. A similar result may also be
obtained by the application and use of the silicates of lime, or by the com-
bination of two or more substances, which will produce these silicates, and
serve to retain them in the paper when mixed with the pulp during the
process of manufacture.
Under another modification the silicate of lime or the silicate of magnesia,
or the two combined, may.be used in a state of combination, being previously
mixed with.farina, starch, or with the size used in paper making, or in lieu of
this combination the silicates may be mixed prior to being used with finely
powdered alabaster or gypsum, and known commercially as "mineral white,"
pearl" white," "terra alba," or with "pearl bardening" to produce the desired
result. By these means a very superior finish is imparted to the manufactured
product.
This Invention, however, is not confined to the sole use of the silicates of
magnesia and silicates of lime herein-before named, but the use of analogous
Silicates, such as asbestos, greenstone, hornblende, mica, serpentine, or other
Similar substances, whether used after pulverising or levigation, mixed or
unmixed with farina, starch, size, gypsum, alabaster, mineral white, pearl
white, terra alba, or pearl hardening, or before, or after being: purified. or
bleached where necessary to be decolorised by any of the processes now in
use for purifying or bleaching of barytes or other similar substances.
E
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
⚫ by the said John James Lundy. and Robert Irvine. in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 3rd, June 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
JAMES LUNDY, of Leith, in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain, Colour
and Chemical Manufacturer, F.G.S., and ROBERT-IRVINE, of Magdalen Che-
mical Works, Musselburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain,
Manufacturing Chemist; send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of April, in the year of our Lord One
'thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
*said John James Lundy- and Robert Irvine, Her special license that we, the
'said 'John James Lundy and Robert Irvine, our exccutors, administrators,

page_text: and assigns, or such others as we, the said John James Lundy and Robert
Irvine, our executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
said John James Lundy and Robert Irvine, our executors of administrators,
by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand
and seal of one of them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be 'performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John James Lundy and Robert
Irvine, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in-and by the following statement, that is to say:
Our said Invention relates to the application and use.in the manufacture of
paper of certain natural products or chemical compounds for the purpose of
imparting to the manufactured product a hard, smooth, and firm surface:
One-modification or system of carrying out this Invention consists in the
application and use of the silicates of magnesia in the manufacture of paper,
commercially known under the names of tale and steatites or soapstones.
These materials, after being finely powdered, or they may be levigated with
water, are used in the manufacture of paper in suitable proportions for
producing the required smoothness of surface. A similar result may also be
obtained by the application and use of the silicates of lime, or by the com-
bination of two or more substances which will produce these silicates, and
serve to retain them in the paper when, mixed with the pulp during the
process of manufacture.
Under another. modification the silicate of lime or the silicate of magnesia,
or the two combined, may be used in a state of combination, being previously
mixed with farina, starch, or with the size used in paper-making. Or in lieu
of this combination the silicates may be mixed prior to being used with finely
powdered alabaster or gypsum, and known commercially as "mineral white,'
"pearl white," "terra alba," or with "pearl hardening." to produce the desired
result. By these means a very superior finish is imparted to the manufactured
product.
This Invention, however, is not confined to the sole use of the silicates of

page_text: magnesia and silicates of lime herein-before named, but the use of analogous
silicates, such as asbestos, greenstone, hornblende, mica, serpentine, or other
similar substances, whether used after pulverising or levigation, mixed or un-
mixed with farina, starch, size, gypsum, alabaster, mineral white, pearl white,
terra alba, or pearl hardening, or before or after being purified or bleached,
where necessary to be. decolorised by any of the processes now in use for
purifying or bleaching of barytes or other similar substances. We find 'the
quantity of these substances which give the best result in practice to be from
fifteen to twenty per cent. of the paper produced.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be carried into effect,
we would observe, in conclusion, that we do not confine ourselves to the
precise details herein-before mentioned, as many variations may be made
therefrom without deviating from the true principles and main features of
our said Invention; but what we consider novel and original, and therefore
claim as the Invention secured to us by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is, the application of the herein-before mentioned substances to
the manufacture of paper, the quantity to be used varying with the thickness
and smoothness.desired.
In witness whereof, we, the said John James Lundy and Robert Irvine,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-ninth day of March,
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
JOHN JAMES LUNDY.
(L.S.)
ROBERT IRVINE.
(L.S.)