matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
ROVEMENTS IN FIRE-LIGHTERS, THEIR FORM OR SHAPE, AND THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN THEIR MANUFACTURE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Pidding at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th June
1860.
I, WILLIAM PIDDING, of the Borough Road, Southwark, in the County of
Surroy, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-LIGHTERS, THEIR FORM OR SHAPE, AND THE MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS USED IN THEIR MANUFACTURE," to be as follows, namely:-
I place sawdust or other form of vegetable fibre in a vessel with resinous,
bituminous, or inflammable substances in proportions which by means of
applying heat and pressure, will cause them to adhere together, and form a
compact mass; the vessel will have perforations in it to correspond with the
shape (longitudinal or otherwise) of the fire-lighter. The form which I.
prefer approaches nearly to that of a stick in a bundle of fire-wood. The
mass of the foregoing materials being compressed, while in a heated state
oozes out of the perforations, and forms the fire-lighters of the shape or form,
and when cut of the lengths desired, I prefer such shapes and lengths (when
cut) as will, when tied together, resemble a bundle of fire-wood, or the forc-
going materials may be surrounded with paper or dried leaves. In my Com-
plete Specification I shall give Diagrams of some of the machinery or
apparatus used in the manufacture of these fire-lighters.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Williams at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
November 1860.
I, JOSHUA WILLIAMS, of Saint Ann's Street, Salisbury, in the County of
Wilts, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved method of supplying all kinds of
stationary machinery with power, with or without the aid of steam. I propose
to sink a shaft the required depth, at the bottom of which are to run horizontally
a series of circular tunnels of any desired length and diameter, say, from 50 to
100 feet long, and from 10 to 20 feet in diameter, the whole to be built and
plastered with waterproof cement when it is required to sink the shaft in the
neighbourhood of a stream or spring. An iron air tube is to rise from the
tunnels to the top of the shaft, and to branch off in various directions similar
to gas or water pipes, so as to be run to any place where the necessary power
is required. Elastic waterproof air bags may in some cases be used within the
tunnels, but in practice it may be found advisable to dispense with them.
Another iron pipe runs from the top of the shaft down to the under side of the
tunnels, by which they are supplied with water from a spring or stream; thus
as the water enters the tunnels, so is the air forced up the tube to any place
where the power is required. When the air is exhausted from the tunnels,
and they are filled with water, it will be necessary to force air down the pipe

page_text: into the upper part of the tunnels, by which means the water is again forced
up the pipe, and overflows at the top The supply of air necessary to drive
the machinery can be obtained from any part of the tubes, said tubes being
provided with taps and safety valves at top.
AN IMPROVED SCREW-WRENCH
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Eades at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st December
1860.
I, WILLIAM EADES, Machinist and General Tool Manufacturer, of Bir-
mingham, in the County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of said
my
Invention for "AN IMPROVED SCREW-WRENCH," to be as follows (that is.
to say):―
My improvements consist in making screw-wrenches in the following
way-
I form the handle or main bar of the wrench in such a way that it may be
readily applied to or connected with the outer fixed jaw by rivetting or
pinning. But before fixing the outer jaw I apply the inner or sliding jaw,
which I adjust by means of a milled headed screw abutting against a pro-
jecting shoulder formed on the handle, a part of which is filed away to give
room for the projecting head of the screw to work in. The under side of the
moveable jaw is formed with an angular projecting piece, the length of which
defines the range of adjustment, as the screw for adjusting the moveable jaw
is tapped into this part, which works along on the lower edge of the bar by
the screw being turned by passing the thumb across its milled head; the
angular part in connection with the moveable jaw (before referred to) will
also greatly assist in counteracting or resisting the strain on the jaw when in

page_text: Thus I produce a strong substantial wrench at less cost than they have
been hitherto produced, and from the nature of their construction they will be
found exceedingly handy for shifting or adjusting (when in the hand) as may
be required by the user.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING INDIA-RUBBER AND OTHER LIKE GUMS IN CELLS FOR GALVANIC BATTERIES, AND IN INSULATORS FOR TELEGRAPH WIRES
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Hugh Adams Silver, of Silvertown, in the County of
Essex, Manufacturer, and James Barwick, of the same Place, Turner, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING INDIA-RUBBER AND OTHER
LIKE GUMS IN CELLS FOR GALVANIC BATTERIES, AND IN INSULATORS FOR
TELEGRAPH WIRES."
Sealed the 17th October 1860, and dated the 20th April 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hugh Adam Silver and
James Barwick, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 20th April 1860.
We, HUGH ADAMS SILVER, of Silvertown, in the County of Essex, Manufac-
turer, and JAMES BARWICK of the same Place, Turner, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING INDIA-RUBBER
AND OTHER LIKE GUms in Cells for GalVANIC BATTERIES, AND IN INSULATORS FOR
TELEGRAPH WIRES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention in moulding consists in placing india-rubber, gutta percha,
or other similar gums, together with sulphur, in metal moulds, in bringing the
moulds and contents by means of an oven, or otherwise, to a temperature of
about 400° Fahr., in shaping the article to be formed by a die corresponding
with the intended shape of the article forced into the mould by pressure, and

page_text: in plunging the mould, its contents, and the die, into cold water, or in
otherwise suddenly cooling the same. By our process of moulding we form
the article of hardened gum alone, or we coat metal, metal cloth and wires
either entirely or one side or otherwise partially only with the gum, the mould
being formed to allow of the gum during the pressure of the die covering the
article on one side, all sides, or in such parts as may be desired.
Our Invention in battery cells consists, in constructing them of hardened
gum, with some porous substance, such as gypsum, let in at intervals in the
sides to allow of the acid solution or other liquid employed circulating through
the whole series of cells.
Our improvements in insulators consist in constructing them of a combina-
tion of metal and hardened rubber or other like gum, whether the combination
be effected by causing the rubber or other like gum to adhere to the metal by
moulding under pressure as herein-before first described or otherwise.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND COMPOSITION OF INK FOR PRINTING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacques Hippolyte Thierry at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
June 1860.
I, JACQUES HIPPOLYTE THIERRY, of Paris, in the French Empire, Mer-
chant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND COMPOSITION OF INK FOR PRINTING," to be as
follows:
In order to manufacture printing ink, I employ black obtained from car-
bonized schist and bog head mineral, and purify the resin oils used in the
manufacture by extracting therefrom their acid portions and destroying their
disagreeable smell by treating them with carbonates of soda and potash. The
manufacture is effected by me as hereafter explained. The schist or bog
head, which must be free from quartzy substances, is distilled; I separate the
oils for burning, and gather the black resulting therefrom. This schist or
bog head black is afterwards pounded and mixed with an oily substance com-
posed of about 70 parts of deacidified and disinfected resin oil and 30 parts of
colophony or rosin liquified under heat. This oily substance and the black
are used in about the proportions of 60 parts of the former to 40 parts of the
latter.
AN IMPROVED COCK FOR DRAWING-OFF OR REGULATING THE FLOW OF LIQUIDS OR FLUIDS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Bromwich at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th June
1860.
I, ROBERT BROMWICH, General Cock Founder, Liquor Fountain, and Beer
Machine Manufacturer, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COCK FOR
DRAWING-OFF OR REGULATING THE FLOW OF LIQUIDS OR FLUIDS," to be as follows,
(that is to say):-
My improvements consist in admitting the water at the bottom con-
centrically with the vertical action, and by causing a lower valve to rise so as
to allow the water or fluid to ascend and escape through the delivery pipe
without regard to its position, as it may be placed in front or at the bottom as
desired. The top of the body of the tap is extended for the purpose of
obtaining a valve seat, as well as for the means of connecting a shield or cover
over it, to be held down in any suitable way, securing the top valve between
it and the body, and which top valve may be of leather, or india-rubber, or
other suitable material, which is made to rise and descend vertically by the
action of the key or handle, the turning down of which depresses the top
valve, but presses the lower one in close contact with its respective base or
seat, thereby cutting off all flow, and by reversing the handle or key, the top
valve will be drawn up into a convex shape, thereby lifting the lower con-
centric valve, and opening the water or fluid way. The manner of lifting and

page_text: depressing the valves is by means of a small quick screw, the male or female
portion of which may be fixed to the top dome or cover, and the corresponding
part concentrically to the top valve. This simple construction of tap will
always work pleasantly, and not be liable to deteriorate or leak from the
action of the fluid or liquid required to be drawn through it, and when leakage
takes place, a new valve may be applied at a trifling cost and without incon-
venience, as a small bit of leather, or other such like material being all that
is required; and as no grinding or fitting of plugs is comprehended in the
construction of this tap its cheapness is ensured.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LIFTING AND MOVING BLOCKS OF STONE OR OTHER HEAVY MATERIALS OR LOADS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Pellissier at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th June,
1860.
I, LOUIS PELLISSIER, of Bordeaux, France, Mechanician, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LIFTING
AND MOVING BLOCKS OF STONE OR OTHER HEAVY MATERIALS OR LOADS," to be
as follows:-
These improvements relate to an apparatus for lifting and moving blocks of
stone or other heavy materials or loads. The apparatus forms a sort of strong
iron pincers between the jaws of which are taken the blocks of stone or other
loads. The said pincers are connected to the lifting rope, chain, or tackle of
a crane or other suitable machine for lifting and carrying the block or load
from one spot to another, while by the effect of the weight of the block or
load this latter is firmly taken hold of by the above-mentioned catching jaws
of the pair of pincers.
The apparatus consists of two bell crank levers, the fulcrum bolts of which
may be set at more or less distance apart in a connecting bar, the end of
one of the two arms of each lever is provided with a moveable jaw, while the
end of the opposite arm is jointed by a rod or a link to another connecting bar,
to which latter is attached the chain, rope, or tackle of the lifting crane, or
other apparatus, or vehicle for lifting or carrying the block or load from one
spot to another.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GRINDING SAWS AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES OF METAL
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wheatman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd January
1860.
I, JOHN WHEATMAN, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Saw Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GRINDING SAWS AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
OF METAL," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to machinery for grinding the surfaces of straight saws
or other similarly shaped metal articles in contradistinction to circular saws.
The several points of novelty are these:-The grindstone is mounted in slides
which are capable of adjustment to the article to be ground, and during its
rotatory motion it is traversed in a lateral direction, the saw or other article
being moved upward and downward in a straight line. This motion I effect
by the agency of three pullies, mounted side by side, with suitable straps, com-
bined with a screw or rack. The traversing motion of the stone I effect by
means of a crank or other apparatus capable of adjustment or alteration so
that the extent of motion may be varied; to the grindstone I adapt a rack
and pinion for the purpose of moving it from its work when required; tho
slide which carries the grindstone I mount on a pivot, so that it may be
turned in order to grind the saw or other article thinner at one edge; for
holding the saw to the bed, I use moveable clips and set screws, and adapt a
weighted roller to prevent its bending outward, such roller being turned away
to enable the end of the saw or other article to be ground.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE FORCE OF ELECTRIC CURRENTS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
July 1860. A communication from abroad by Giovanni Caselli, of
Florence.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE FORCE OF ELECTRIC CURRENTS," to be as
follows:-
The apparatus at present used for regulating the force of electric currents,
and known to telegraphists by the term "rheostat," is very expensive to manu-
facture, and possesses great disadvantages in practice.
Now, the object of the present Invention is to remedy these disadvantages.
In order to produce electric conducting surfaces suitable for this instrument,
the following is the mode of proceeding :-Cotton warps are arranged in a
loom of a breadth which may vary according to requirements, and two weft
threads, one of cotton, and the other of very thin iron wire (contained in
separate shuttles,) are thrown in succession through the shed formed by the
cotton warps, by which means a fabric is woven in such manner that the
contiguous portions of wire laid in the cloth will be separated by a cotton weft
thread. A semi-metallic fabric will thus be obtained in which the wire will
be insulated throughout its whole length. This insulation may be rendered
more perfect by steeping the woven fabric in an alcoholic solution of gum lac

page_text: or in liquid tar. The fabric thus manufactured is to be folded up and placed
in a wooden box, upon the outside of which copper studs are set in metallic
communication with the different sections of the wires of the cloth, and the
rheostat is formed.
When it is desired to use this apparatus the electric circuit is brought into
communication with the different metallic studs, and the required resistance
is thus obtained.
Instead of employing the process of weaving in the manufacture of the im-
proved rheostat, the following mode of working may be adopted :-Two parallel
rows of pins are set in a board, and over or between these a strip of paper of
suitable width is placed, so as to leave the pins uncovered. Round these pins
the wire is wound in a zig-zag form. Gum lac varnish is then to be laid
upon the wire in order to cause it to adhere to the paper, and to insulate it,
and before the varnish is dry another sheet of paper is laid over the wire.
When the whole is quite dry the pins are to be withdrawn from the board, i
and a kind of rheostatic cloth is obtained, which may be placed in the wooden
box above mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HARROWS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lawson Lansdell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th July
1860.
I, LAWSON LANSDELL, of Ipswich, in the County of Suffolk, Engine Smith,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF HARROWS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
harrows, and is applicable to the manufacture of such harrows as consist of a
frame with a number of straight metal spikes projecting from its under side,
the said frame being without wheels and guiding instruments; and the
Invention consists in forming the main portion of the frame of such imple-
ments of malleable cast iron. In this material these main portions of the
frame are cast to the desired form with the mortises, grooves, or recesses to
receive the teeth, and in this manner it is produced at a much less cost than
when, as has been common heretofore, wrought iron is employed. The
Invention also consists in fixing the the straight projecting teeth of harrows in
their frames by forming mortises or passages passing vertically through the
frame, and of such a size that the stems of the teeth may be able to pass
freely through them. The upper parts or stems of the teeth where they enter
the frame are not drawn down, as is usually the case, but are of the full size of
the bar from which the tooth is made. The teeth are clamped in the mortises
or passages by wedges or keys driven vertically into the said mortises or pas
sages, or horizontally in cross passages or mortises either in front of or behind

page_text: the stems of the teeth, or the teeth may be held by binding screws, or in other
convenient manner, it being, however, important that the strength of the
tooth should not be diminished by forming on it a drawn-down shoulder as
usual.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING & MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bernhard Samuelson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th May
1860.
I, BERNHARD SAMUELSON, Engineer, Britannia Works, Banbury, Oxon, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
REAPING & MOWING MACHINES," to be as follows:―
The reaping & mowing machine patented by W. S. Clarke cuts the crops
by means of reciprocating knives, and such crops when cut are removed from
the cutting track towards one side by the sweep of a rake, which rake is
actuated by gearing put in motion indirectly by the draught power applied to
the machine. In machines of this description, as hitherto constructed, there is
this defect, that as the cut crop must be discharged in a line at right angles to
the travel of the knife, a very considerable sweep of the rake is required, and
moreover that such sweep of the rake has a tendency to press the corn against
the fence at the "off side" of the machine. Now my improvement consists in
so regulating the sweep of the rake or its equivalent in the said machine of
W. S. Clarke (and any others in which a rake or its equivalent moves in a
curve whilst sweeping off the crop), that the foremost line of the sweep of the
rake shall correspond with the narrowest portion of the platform or its
equivalent, and further in placing the cutting knife or knives of the machine
in such a position that they shall not traverse in a line at right angles to the
line of draught of the machine, but shall on the contrary traverse in a line
forming an obtuse angle with such line of draught.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR SEWING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
November 1860.-A communication from abroad by William Cleveland
Hicks, of Boston, in the United States of America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS
FOR SEWING," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to give security to seams formed by the
tambour or single-thread stitch, and prevent them from unravelling or ripping
up when from any cause one stitch has given way. To effect this object it is
proposed to introduce into the line of stitches at suitable intervals short
stitches which will retain the loop of the adjacent long stitch that has been
set free in its own loop, the shortness of this latter having the effect of binding
on the loop that has been set free by the break in the concatenation of
stitches. The short stitches may be thrown into the work alternately with the
long stitches, or at every third stitch or other suitable interval, but in practice
it is preferred to make a short stitch after every long one. In order to adapt
the single-thread machine to this kind of work, the back traverse of the
feeding bar is arrested after the formation of, say, every second stitch, by a
rotating cam, which receives rotary motion from the looper shaft, and by being
thus arrested it will make a proportionately short forward traverse, and thereby

page_text: feed the cloth the proper distance for throwing in the short stitch. The
regulation of the length of this short stitch may be effected by shifting the
arresting cam on its shaft, or otherwise, as thought desirable, but the adjust-
ment of the length of the other stitch is effected by an adjusting screw
carried by the feeding bar, and brought into contact with a fixed stop.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR ORNAMENTING WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on tho 9th March
1860.
I, THOMAS SMITH, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Silk Finisher
and Embosser, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR ORNAMENTING WOVEN FABRICS," to
be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the production of those designs upon woven fabrics
known as watering and moiré antique, and consists, firstly, in the employment
of a roller or cylinder, upon which there are grooves of a spiral form, and
between which roller or cylinder and another revolving at a different speed
the fabric is caused to pass. In another arrangement the fabric first passes
over a bar, rail, roller, or other such apparatus having an irregular surface by
which the threads become disturbed, and it is then submitted to a roller
having fluted or other such acting parts, and working in conjunction with
another revolving at a different speed. The bar or rail above mentioned may
be moved laterally or caused to turn upon a centre.
A method I adopt for constructing rollers for producing watering and
moiré antique consists in stringing a number of thin discs together with
bevelled edges, which discs can at any required. intervals be removed, and
their places filled with blanks. Also I mount a series of rings or discs loosely

page_text: upon a shaft, and bind them together by a screw or otherwise in such manner
that they will slip at intervals, so as to obtain an irregular friction upon the
fabric.
In another arrangement for the above purposes I employ two rollers, one
plain and the other indented, and cause them to revolve in opposite directions.
In another arrangement I pass the fabric between two surfaces, one of which
is caused to revolve at intervals only, so as to bring a fresh series of projections
in contact with the fabric.
A SYSTEM OF EXTRACTING JUICE FROM BEET-ROOT, AND OTHER PLANTS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Vauvillé at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th September
1860.
I, ERNEST VAUVILLE, of No. 96, Rue de Bondy, in the City of Paris, in the
Empire of France, Sugár Baker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A SYSTEM OF EXTRACTING JUICE FROM BEET-ROOT, AND OTHER
PLANTS," to be as follows:-
The beet-root or other plant being first reduced to a pulp (as in the
ordinary system by means of a rasp or grater) is submitted to the pressure of
conical cylinders, which acting successively upon the pulp force the juice con-
tained therein to run into one receptacle, while the pulp falls into another,
and this I effect in the following manner :-On leaving the rasp or grater the
pulp falls into a vat, where it meets an iron plate (perforated with holes of a
tolerably large size) which arrest any filaments while permitting the pulp to
pass through, and meet a partition which spreads it equally on the cylinders,
and the juice obtained by their pressure passes through a metal web or textile
fabric, and is conducted to a funnel by which it escapes. The axles of the
cylinders are moveable, and by means of an endless screw for one, and a lever
for the other, the pressure is increased or diminished by fixing or giving play
to the shaft of the cylinder in its slide. An agglomeration of pulp at any
point would only separate the cylinders for an instant; if their strength was
not sufficient to reduce it a spring bringing the cylinder back again imme-
diately it has passed to the next cylinders, which exercise a stronger pressure,

page_text: and if after this operation it is believed that any juice remains in the pulp it
is submitted to the action of a hydro-steam press, and every portion of the
liquid is driven from the pulp. The cylinders are set in motion by any power,
suitable gearing being used, and a rag wheel and chains to give an opposite
movement to the cylinders.
In operating according to this Invention the use of sacks or bags will be
entirely dispensed with.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR INCREASING THE ILLUMINATING POWER OF COAL GAB. ALSO FOR ECONOMIZING THE CONSUMPTION THEREOF, AND FOR REGULATING THE PRESSURE FROM STREET MAINS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Brunner and William
Hall Levett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 24th July 1860.
We, WILLIAM BRUNNER, of Printing House Square, in the City of London,
and WILLIAM HALL LEVETT, of Clare Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR INCREASING THE ILLUMINATING POWER OF COAL GAB.
ALSO FOR ECONOMIZING THE CONSUMPTION THEREOF, AND FOR REGULATING THE
PRESSURE FROM STREET MAINS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improved apparatus for effecting the above-
mentioned objects in a more certain and efficient manner than heretofore, and
consists in constructing the said apparatus in the following manner, that is to
say:-
The case of the apparatus may be constructed of metal, earthenware, or
other material, and may be of any desired shape; within this case we propose
to arrange and fix partitions or divisions across either way of said case, or
round the interior, or a portion thereof, so that the gas which enters the
apparatus is compelled to pass through, over, or under, or to enter at either
side of the said series of partitions; these partitions may be composed either
of cotton, wool, worsted, flannel, felt, drugget, sponge, or other fibrous or
absorbent material or substance, either separately or two or more combined
together.

page_text: It is further proposed to adapt at one or both sides of each of the said
absorbent partitions another partition, formed either of perforated metal,
parchment, skin, hide, or other similar substance, perforated for the purpose
of diffusing the gas over the absorbent partitions aforesaid.
The apparatus thus constructed is to be either partially or wholly filled
with a spirit or oil known as benzole or naphtha, or a mixture of benzole and
naphtha, or any other spirit that will increase the illuminating power of the
gas; and we would here observe that we are aware of benzole having hereto-
fore been employed in gas apparatus, we do not, therefore, lay any claim to
the use of this or any other spirit or oil, but simply to the apparatus above
described in which the same may be used with advantage.
A NEW MODE OF OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER BY THE EFFECT OF WEIGHTS AND SPRINGS, OR BY SPRINGS ONLY, IN COMBINATION WITH PROPER CONNECTING PARTS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alphonse Sax at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th May
1860.
I, ALPHONSE SAX, of Paris, France, Musical Instrument Maker, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW MODE OF OBTAINING
MOTIVE POWER BY THE EFFECT OF WEIGHTS AND SPRINGS, OR BY SPRINGS ONLY, IN
COMBINATION WITH PROPER CONNECTING PARTS," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in obtaining motive power by the effect of weights
and springs, or by springs only, in combination with proper connecting parts,
so as to make this motive power applicable for imparting motion to vehicles or
machinery. The weights are made to bear on three or more standards gliding
in suitable bosses fixed to the frame of the vehicle, or of the parts to be
moved; the lower end of each of these standards is curved and jointed to a
lever arm, the end of which is likewise connected by a joint to a spring
working in the side of the standard opposite to the said lever arm, while
towards this said end a projecting bolt for a friction roller to revolve on is
fixed therein, which friction roller glides over a projecting rim fixed against
and all round the side of the corresponding wheel of the vehicle; a repetition
of the same arrangement acting on each of the wheels of the vehicle, or of the
mechanism to which the said wheels are to impart motion. Instead of the
weights, springs of a corresponding power may be made to act on the standards
for pressing them downward. The side of each standard opposite to that

page_text: facing the above-mentioned lever arm is provided with a similar arrangement
as that above described, viz., a curved part, a lever arm jointed thereto, and
friction rollers connected to this arm, and by this means these latter parts
are put into operation when the motion is to be reversed, which is done by
causing the frame to which the moving wheels are attached to move in the
opposite direction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING, WINDING, AND DOUBLING COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Godfrey Ermen, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Cotton Spinner, and John Platt, of Oldham, in the said
County, Mechanical Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING, WINDING, AND DOUBLING COTTON,
AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Scaled the 13th July 1860, and dated the 18th January 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Godfrey Ermen and John
Platt at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 18th January 1860.
We, GODFREY ERMEN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton
Spinner, and JoHN PLATT, of Oldham, in the said County, Mechanical Engi-
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING, WINDING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND
OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
neer,
Our Invention relates, firstly, to a method of driving the spindles of
spinning, winding, and doubling machines. For this purpose we furnish the
spindles with two or more wharves fast thereon. The band passes around
each of these and around the tin drum.
Secondly, in doubling frames on the throstle principle, we cause the yarn

page_text: from the creel to pass through a series of eyes, then through the trough in the
usual manner, and subsequently through another series of eyes; also we use
rollers (between which the yarns or threads pass) so driven as to effect a
draw." According to another arrangement we place a roller or rollers at
top between the axes-of-two-in-the-lower-tier.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF GASES FOR ILLUMINATION AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry John Standly at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th July
1860.
I, HENRY JOHN STANDLY, of 9, Pall Mall, East, in the City of Westminster,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF GASES FOR
ILLUMINATION AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate particularly to the production of oxygen and
nitrogen gases, and consist in the treatment of atmospheric air by the agency
of lime, and a compound or compounds of stronthia, potassa, and soda, with
which it is brought into contact and chemical union by means of heat in a
suitable apparatus, whereby I effect the decomposition of the atmospheric air
into its constituent elements, oxygen and nitrogen, which I am thus enabled
to produce with facility and economy, for the purposes of illumination, and
various chemical processes and manufactures.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING STEAM VESSELS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Baldock Lewis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th November
1860.
I, DANIEL BALDOCK LEWIS, of Cheltenham, in the County of Gloucester,
Chemist and Druggist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING STEAM VESSELS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel construction of propeller which is to be
worked by a reciprocating motion. The principle of action of this propeller
is, that in the act of propulsion it will present a broad face to the water, and
in its reverse motion present only a wedge shape to the water. This effect
I obtain by constructing the propeller by preference of two half discs con-
nected together by a vertical hinge. In front of the hinge I fit a wedge-
shaped piece which operates as a "cut-water," and to it I attach a metal
frame, which serves to relieve the hinge from much of the strain that it would
otherwise receive during the stroke of the propeller. Although I have
described the propeller as opening outwards from a central hinge when in
action, yet the like effect may be produced by giving a pair of leaves or
paddle boards independent hinges, and causing them to meet when they are
required to act, and to cut the water by standing edgewise thereto during
the reverse action of the paddle. The figure of the propeller may be round,
rectangular, or any other desired shape, approaching, for example, to the shape
of a swan's foot, if thought desirable.
AN IMPROVE- MENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL TUBULAR STRETCHERS FOR. UMBRELLAS AND. PARASOLS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Holland at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th July
1860.
I, HENRY HOLLAND, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL TUBULAR STRETCHERS FOR. UMBRELLAS AND.
PARASOLS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvement herein-after described in the
manufacture of three-pronged tubular stretchers for umbrellas and parasols..
In making the said stretchers, according to my Invention, I take a steel. tubo
of the required size, and cut through or slit one end of the said tube, I flatten
the slit or divided end of the tube to form the two outer prongs of the fork of
the stretcher. I make the inner or middle prong of steel wire inserted in the
tube, that portion of the said wire which is situated between the outer prongs
being flattened so as to form the third prong.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOULDS AND CORES FOR THE CASTING OF CYLINDRICAL ARTICLES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
September 1860.-A communication from abroad by Homer Parmellee,
of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, United States of America.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOULDS AND CORES FOR THE CASTING OF
CYLINDRICAL ARTICLES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN,"
a communication from abroad by Homer Parmellee, of Philadelphia, State of
Pennsylvania, United States of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar system or mode of compressing the
sand employed in the manufacture of moulds and cores for the casting of pipes
and other cylindrical articles, whereby a greater uniformity in the density of
the sand in the mould box is obtained, and a considerable economy of time
effected.
According to this Invention it is proposed to employ a cylinder having near
its lower end one or more spiral or inclined flanges, the whole revolving in a
vertical position within a cylindrical chamber. This revolving cylinder with its
spiral flange or flanges draws down the sand or material into the chamber, and
as its revolving motion continues, and more sand or material is deposited in
the chamber, it gradually rises as it continues to compress the sand or material

page_text: beneath its spiral flange or flanges to a density depending upon the weight of
the cylinder and flanges.
When used for making moulds for pipes, the pattern which forms the
interior of the mould may serve as a guide to the revolving cylinder, which fits
over and revolves round it, or the pattern may be dispensed with and a circular
block fitted loosely to the bottom of the cylinder below the spiral flange or
flanges so as not to rotate therewith, the diameter of such block being equal
to the inner diameter of the mould, or the same effect may be obtained by
simply extending the cylinder a short distance below the flange or flanges.
In making pipe cores the process is precisely similar, but in this case the
cylindrical chamber must be of the desired diameter of the core.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FOLDING WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Ditchfield at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th May
1860.
I, HENRY DITCHFIELD, of Culceth, near Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Overlooker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FOLDING WOVEN FABRICS,"
to be as follows:-
According to my Invention the fabrics to be folded after passing from the
roller upon which they have been wound are drawn against a surface, which,
by pressing against the middle of the piece, causes the selvages to approach
each other, which being then drawn over a rail are laid the one on the
top of the other, the piece being thus doubled, in which condition it passes
between rollers ready to be laid in transverse folds by the reciprocating action
of a guide. The rollers between which the cloth is drawn before it is folded
longitudinally are mounted upon a shaft which is retarded by friction surfaces
or weights so as to keep the piece distended, and these rollers I render
capable of being moved sideways so as to guide the centre of the cloth to the
angle of the surface which causes it to be folded.
In another arrangement, and when the cloth is not intended to be folded
in the direction of its length or is already so folded, I employ a reciprocating
guide which delivers it in folds between plates constituting gauges. These

page_text: gauges have inclined planes on each side alternately, upon which the attendant
places rods so that they roll down between each fold, the number of rods will
therefore indicate the length of cloth folded. The gauges are adjustable so as
to admit folds of different lengths.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF THRASHING MACHINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd April 1860. A communication from abroad by Louis Jules Ganne,.
of Cour Cheverney, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, late 4, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agents, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF THRASHING MACHINES," com-
municated to me from abroad by Louis Jules Ganne, of Cour Cheverney,
France, to be as follows:-
The machine which it is proposed to construct may be used under two
different arrangements, namely, for thrashing end or crosswise, the beater
being in either case the same, with the exception of an increase or decrease of
length. The machine under either form may be worked or driven by horse-
power, or by the feet of the labourer. And in the latter case the driving
apparatus may form part of and act directly upon the machine, or be separate
therefrom. Whether used end or crosswise, the formation of the beater of the
machine is such, that it will in nowise damage the straw while freeing it
entirely from the grain. And the cross thrasher will separate the grain from
the straw, which is not the case when curtailed in length, so as to thrash
endwise. And further, will not mix the straw, which, sliding along the
grating, falls into the hands of the labourer, who requires no rake. The
thrashing machine will consist of a cast-iron framing supporting eight wooden

page_text: bars iron-cased at the side, and bolted to the plates; a drum and driving pulley,
part of its diameter, sunk into the earth, and the machine will work without
the aid of feeding rollers. Safety bearings are provided with spiral springs
and press screw, which will serve to raise or lower the thrasher, and the
counter beater will be channelled in about forty grooves. When driven by
manual labour, the machine is provided with a head wheel and cogs and
pulleys, transmitting the motive power to the thrasher, or the driving apparatus
may be separate from the machine, and the weight of the men may act on a
small pinion which shall communicate its motion to a large wheel, or on the
contrary, upon a large wheel acting upon a small pinion which will give great
speed. This driving apparatus will afford the advantage over horse-power
of being set in motion without delay, and by one man, thus avoiding the
trouble of harnessing the horses when the machine is required to operate but
for a short time. When horse-power is used it is proposed to employ a driving
apparatus to consist of two large horizontal cog wheels and pinions pivoting on
steel bearings, and a pinion at right angles to them, which, by a horizontal
rod, will communicate the driving power to the thrashing machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW PROPELLOR BLADES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Griffiths at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th December-
1860.
I, ROBERT GRIFFITHS, of 69, Mornington Road, Hampstead Road, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW PROPELLOR BLADES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in screw propellor blades, and
the improvements are applicable to screw propellor blades which decrease in
their width of surface as they become more and more distant from the pro-
pellor shaft. It is preferred that each screw propellor blade should be of. a
portion of a true screw of the pitch desired, excepting at the after edges of the
blades, which after edges are each composed of an angular surface which is in.
its whole length at the same or nearly the same angle to the propellor shaft as
that at which the widest part of the screw propellor blade stands to the said
shaft. I prefer the widest part of the blade to be at a point about one-half
the radius of the screw from the centre of the propellor shaft, but the position
of the widest part of the blade may be varied.
The angular surface at the edge of the blade commences at or springs from
that part of the screw propellor blade which is widest, and it becomes wider
and wider as it proceeds outwards to the periphery or circumference of the
propellor blade; the angular surface stands at an inclination to the after face-
of the propellor blade, and consequently as the propellor blade rotates the

page_text: water which has been acted on and put in motion by the fore part of the blade
is again struck by this after portion of the blade.
By these means I have found in practice that screw propellors of smaller
diameter than those heretofore used may be employed without decreasing the
propelling effect.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TELEGRAPH CABLES OR ROPES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Murray at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st November
1860.
I, ROBERT MURRAY, of 29, Sandhill, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Commission
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF TELEGRAPH CABLES OR ROPES," to be as follows:-
This Invention bas for its object improvements in the manufacture of
telegraph cables or ropes, and consists in the employment of galvanic
batteries, or it may be of magneto-electric apparatus, with the machinery
employed in laying or manufacturing electric telegraph ropes, or cables,
containing insulated electric conductors, in such manner that the insulated
conductors may be tested as the process of laying or manufacturing goes on by
electric currents being passed through such electric conductors at each revo-
lution of the machinery, (or of any of the parts of the machinery revolving
on their own axes) by alternately making and breaking contact between the
electric conductors and the batteries, or the magneto-electric apparatus
employed, such currents of electricity being indicated by a galvanometer
or other suitable instrument at the end of the cable or rope.