Improvements in Electricity Meters, or Means or Apparatus for the Measurement of Electric Energy.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 28th July, 1896
Complete Specification Left, 20th Apr., 1897-Accepted, 12th June, 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electricity Meters, or Means or Apparatus for the
Measurement of Electric Energy.
I, GEORG AUGUST JULIUS TELGE of 5 Sofien Strasse Oldenburg in the
Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, German Empire, Manufacturer of Engines, do
hereby declare the nature of said invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to electric meters of the kind or type in which the
measurement of the current is effected by causing the current to be measured; to
influence the oscillations of the pendulum of a clock; and then the difference
between the time indicated by the clock connected with this pendulum, and the
time indicated by another clock which is, however, provided with an ordinary or
uninfluenced pendulum, serves to give the measure of the current..
Heretofore current meters of this kind have been constructed with the pendulum
subjected to magnetic attraction and having its amplitude of oscillation varied
thereby.
Now the present invention is based essentially upon the fact that the pendulum
is caused, according to the variation in the current, to impart to itself a greater or
less acceleration by virtue of its own momentum or vis vica. And for the purpose
of effecting this result, the present invention consists in causing the pendulum to
oscillate between two long weak springs which are mechanically connected with
the core of a coil through which the current is passed, in such a manner that on au
increase or decrease of the current, the said springs will be moved nearer to or
further away from the pendulum. The pendulum in swinging, for instance to the
left hand, strikes against the spring on that side, and in pushing it back, the
pendulum imparts its momentum to the said spring. As soon as the. pendulum is
arrested (for the moment) thereby, the force given up to the spring acts in the
direction of the return stroke of the pendulum, and as this action becomes added to
the action of the earth's attraction, the pendulum is caused to swing back with
corresponding acceleration. According as the spring is situated at a less, or
greater, distance away, that is to say, according to the greater or smaller force
of the current flowing through the coil, so the greater or smaller will be in proportion
the acceleration of the return stroke of the pendulum.
An electric meter constructed in accordance with the present invention thus
comprises the combination of a pendulum clock with vertical springs pivoted on
pins and arranged one on each side of the pendulum, of a coil for the current to be
measured, of a core influenced by the coil, and of a device for enabling the core,
when actuated by the current, to act in a rotary manner upon the springs so as to
adjust the upper ends of the latter nearer to, or further away from, the position of
rest of the pendulum.
The said device preferably consists in a cone- or wedge-shaped sliding piece
arranged between pivoted levers to which the accelerating springs are secured, or
instead of such sliding pieces endless screws may be employed working in nuts the
said levers are provided with.
3000
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56 Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Electricity Meters, or Means or Apparatus for the
Measurement of Electric Energy.
I, GEORG AUGUST JULIUS TELGE of 5 Sofien Strasse Oldenburg in the
Grand Duchy of Oldendurg, German Empire, Manufacturer of Engines, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
This invention relates to electricity meters of the kind in which the measurement
of the current is effected by causing the current to be measured, to influence the
oscillations of the pendulum of a clock; and then the difference between the time
indicated by the clock connected with this pendulum, and the time indicated by
another clock the pendulum of which is, however, not under the influence of any
electric current, serves to give the measure of the current caused to pass through
the meter. Heretofore current meters of this kind have been constructed with
the pendulum subjected to magnetic attraction and having its amplitude of
oscillation varied thereby.
Now the present invention is based essentially upon the fact that the pendulum
is caused, according to the variation in the current, to impart to itself a greater or
less acceleration by virtue of its own momentum or vis viva. And for the purpose
of effecting this result, the present invention consists in causing the pendulum to
oscillate between two long weak springs which are automatically-adjusted as-to
their position relatively to the pendulum by the movement resulting from the action
of a coil through which the current is passed, on a core arranged in relation to said
coil, in such a manner that on an increase or decrease of the current, the said
springs will be moved nearer to, or further away from, the pendulum. The
pendulum in swinging, for instance to the left hand, strikes against the spring on
that side, and in pushing it back, the pendulum imparts its momentum to the said
spring. As soon as the pendulum is arrested (for the moment) thereby, the force
given up to the spring acts in the direction of the return stroke of the pendulum,
and as this action becomes added to the action of the earth's attraction, the
pendulum is caused to swing back with corresponding acceleration.
According as the spring is situated at a less, or greater distance away, that is to
say, according to the greater or smaller force of the current flowing through the
coil, so the greater or smaller will be in proportion the acceleration of the return
stroke of the pendulum.
An electric meter constructed in accordance with the present invention thus
comprises the combination of a pendulum clock with upright and pivotally arranged
springs, one on each side of the pendulum, of a coil for the current to be measured,
of a core influenced by the coil, and of a device for transmitting the movements
resulting from the action of the coil on its core to the springs, so as to turn the
same and thereby adjust the upper ends of them nearer to, or further away from,
the position of rest of the pendulum.
The said device preferably consists in a sliding piece with sloping sides, such as
a cone or a wedge shaped piece, arranged between pivoted levers to which the
accelerating springs are secured, or, instead of such sliding pieces, endless screws
may be employed working in nuts, the said levers are provided with.
The accompanying drawings illustrate this invention according to several
modifications in respect of the device for adjusting the accelerating springs, the
clock being omitted with the exception of the pendulum.
Fig. illustrates the arrangement which I preferably employ in which the

page_text: springs are adjusted by the vertical displacement of a double cone or double-
wedge.
Figs. 2 and 3 illustrate modifications in which a single cone or wedge is employed!
instead of a double cone.
Figs. 4 and 5 show two arrangements in which endless screws or worms are used!
to adjust the springs.
Fig. 6 is a detail.
In all the figures, a indicates the pendulum, b' and 6 are the two long.
accelerating springs, is the coil, and the core of the latter.
In Fig. 1, each of the two accelerating springs, and b, is attached to a bent
lever cor e which is pivoted in its elbow on a pin c.
These two bent levers have
their pivots in one and the same plane, and are arranged with their corresponding
equal arms facing towards each other, the ends of which are provided with rollers ca
between which there is adapted to slide the spring-actuating piece fixed to or
forming the end of an upper rod like prolongation d of the core e. The said piece
is composed of two slender congruent cones or wedges d' d arranged with their
apices abutting together. The arrangement is such that the upper cone or
wedge, d, acts against the rollers of the upper arms of the levers and the
lower cone or wedge, d', acts against the rollers of the lower arms of the said..
levers.
If
So long as the current acts with its normal strength, the meeting point of the
apices of the two cones lies in the same plane as the pivots of the levers, and the
two cones (wedges) are situated with equal cross sections between the rollers
the current increases, the coil draws the core further in, and the cones d', d move.
upward. pushes the lower lever arms apart, whilst d allows the upper arms to.
move inwards to the same amount. The springs band bare therefore set with
their ends correspondingly closer to the pendulum. If the current diminishes, the
coil allows the core to sirk by its own weight, and the cones (wedges) d' and d
now act in the reverse manner, so that the springs are moved away from the
pendulum. The effect of the action of the pendulum upon the spring b' on the-
feft hand side is indicated by dotted lines. The core e is guided in a vertical..
direction at top and bottom in guides g g by means of its upper and lower rod-like.
extensions d, d.
Figs. 2 and 3 show simple modifications, in which one-armed levers c¹ and c
(downwardly directed in the first case and upwardly directed in the latter case) are
employed, so that the prolongation of the core e is consequently made in the form
of a single cone or wedge which is arranged in the first case with its apex d'
pointing upwards, and in the second case, with its based pointing upwards. In
these two arrangements the levers are kept against the cone by means of springs o..
The mode of operation is the same as with the double cone.
.
In Fig. 4, the lower legs of the two bent levers c¹ and care bent at right angles.
upwardly and inwardly so that they are situated in a horizontal plane. The ends.
of these legs are formed as, half-nuts c. These two half buts engage with the
screw-thread of an endless screw or worm h which is mounted vertically in..
bearings and which is connected by means of bevel wheels k k with a horizontal.
shaft carried in bearings m m¹. On the shaft is mounted a pulley n which is
connected by means of a cord or chain o with the core e of a coil f, said core being
guided vertically by means of a lower extension d working in a guide g. To the
other end of the chain there is attached a counter-weight not shown in the drawing..
When the core is sucked into the coil, the worm is rotated in such a manner as to
draw down the two lever legs with the result of rotating the springs 61 and 6' with.
their upper ends towards the pendulum. When the current diminishes, the reverse
action takes place, because the counterweight acts to turn the pulley n back to a
corresponding extent.
Instead of using a counterweight, obviously, as will be understood by every-
expert, a clock spring or watch spring, or a torsion spring may be connected.

page_text: to the pulley n in such'a. manner as to be put in tension by the sucking in of the
core.
In Fig. 5, the shifting of the two springs b' and 6 is shown effected by means of
worm mechanism in a somewhat modified manner. The levers cleare one-armed
levers pivoting with their lower ends about pins c. One lever is adapted to be
shifted by means of a right-hand screw h', and the other by a left-hand screw,
said screws being arranged to work in nuts fixel to the levers as shown
in Fig. 6. Both these screws are arranged on a comm in horizontal shaft I, which
is connected with the core e of the coilf by means of a pulley n and a cord or
chain o, as in Fig. 4.
The influencing of the pendulum by the current through the medium of the
springs admits the employment of any well working peadulum clock for the
purpose of measuring current within wide limits.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. In electricity meters the combination, with the pendulum of a clock work, a
coil for the current to be measured, and a core for co-operation with said coil, of
pivotally arranged upright springs, one on each side of the pendulum, and means
for transmitting the movements resulting from the action of the coil on its core, to
said springs, substantially as and for the purpose stated.
2. In electricity meters the combination, with the pendulum of a clock work, a
coil for the current to be measured, and a core for co-operation with said coil, and
upright springs one on each side of the pendulum, of pivotally arranged levers to
which said springs are secured, a slide piece with sloping sides arranged between
said levers and connected with said-core, substantially as- and for-the purpose
stated.
3. In electricity meters the combination, with the pendulum of a clock work, a
coil for the current to be measured, a core for co-operation with said coil, and
upright springs, one on each side of the pendulum, of pivotally arranged levers to
which said springs are attached, and a worm or worms geared with said levers and
actuated by said core, substantially as and for the purpose stated.
Dated the 20th day of April 1897
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56 Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.