Year: 1886

page_text: We, MATTHEW PIERS WATT BOULTON, of Tew Park in the County of Oxford,
Gentleman, and EDWARD PERRETT of No. 8 Victoria Chambers, Westminster, in
the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:
In the specifications to Patents No. 5797 of 18th December 1883 granted to
Matthew Piers Watt Boulton and Edward Perrett and No. 14684 of 6th November
1884 granted to Matthew Piers Watt Boulton are described methods of working
engines by steam highly superheated, the temperature of the working part of the
cylinder being, in the constructions there described, moderated by applying a
shield to the piston. Our present invention relates to means of moderating the
temperature of the cylinder in which the highly heated steam acts in such a
manner that the application of a shield to the piston is dispensed with and so that
the heat abstracted for this purpose is utilised in performance of work. We effect
this in the following manner:-
While the highly heated steam is admitted to act in the cylinder at one end
thereof pressing on one side of the piston, we supply the other end of the same
cylinder on the other side of the piston with steam of moderate temperature, so
that the contact of this steam with the hot metal of the cylinder and piston serves
to moderate the temperature of these. The steam thus employed by abstracting
heat from the metal becomes itself superheated, and this superheating of the steam
is useful in performance of work, either directly in the cylinder cooled by the
steam or in a further cylinder or in both.
The steam employed as above described for moderating the temperature of the
cylinder and piston may be steam admitted direct from the boiler or it may be
steam which has performed work in the hot cylinder and has become cooled by
performance of work and expansion.
In the former case, that is to say when the steam employed for cooling the
metal is admitted from the boiler, there are two principal modes of dealing with it.
It may be passed through the heater, acquiring therein further heat, or it may mix
in a reservoir with the exhaust hot steam which has acted on the other side of the
piston.

page_text: The cylinder arranged as above described may be differential, having the full
area of the piston on one side acted on by the highly heated steam, while the
comparatively cool steam acts on the annular area on the other side. Or there
may be two cylinders placed in line, with their pistons rigidly connected, having
valves so arranged that the highly heated steam acts alternately in the two
cylinders, propelling the pistons, while the comparatively cool steam presses
equally on both pistons in opposite directions. Further, in some cases, we moderate
the heat of the cylinder and piston where the highly heated steam acts by intro-
ducing a regenerator which abstracts a portion of the heat of the highly heated
steam as it enters the cylinder and restores heat to the steam as it issues from the
cylinder, after having performed work therein.

page_text: We, MATTHEW PIERS WATT BOULTON, of Tew Park in the County of Oxford,
Gentleman, and EDWARD PERRETT of No. 8 Victoria Chambers Westminster in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
In the Specifications to Patents No.. 5797 of 18th December 1883 granted to
Matthew Piers Watt Boulton and Edward Perrett and No. 14684 of 6th November
1884 granted to Matthew Piers Watt Boulton are described methods of working
engines by steam highly superheated, the temperature of the working part of the
cylinder being, in the constructions there described, moderated by applying a
shield to the piston. Our present invention relates to means of moderating the
temperature of the cylinder in which the highly. heated steam acts in such a
manner that the application of a shield to the piston is dispensed with, and so
that the heat abstracted for this purpose is utilised in performance of work.
We
effect this in the following manner: —
While the highly heated steam is admitted to act in the cylinder at one end
thereof, pressing on one side of the piston, we supply the other end of the same
cylinder on the other side of the piston with steam of moderate temperature, so
that the contact of this steam with the hot metal of the cylinder and piston serves
to moderate the temperature of these. The steam thus employed by abstracting
heat from the metal becomes itself superheated, and this superheating of the
steam is useful in performance of work, either directly in the cylinder cooled by:
the steam or in a further cylinder or in both.
The steam employed as above described for moderating the temperature of the
cylinder and piston may be steam admitted direct from the boiler or it may be
steam which has performed work in the hot cylinder and has become cooled.by.
performance of work and expansion.
In the former case, that is to say, when the steam employed for cooling the
metal is admitted from the boiler, there are two principal modes of dealing with.
it. It may be passed through the heater, acquiring therein further heat, or it may
mix in a reservoir with the exhaust hot steam which has acted on the other side of
the piston.
The cylinder arranged as above described may be differential, having the full;
area of the piston on one side acted on by the highly heated steam, while the
comparatively cool steam acts on the annular area on the other side. Or there.
may be two cylinders placed in line, with their pistons rigidly connected, having:
valves so arranged that the highly heated steam acts alternately in the two
cylinders, propelling the pistons, while the comparatively cool steam presses
equally on both pistons in opposite directions. Further, in some cases,
moderate the heat of the cylinder and piston where the highly heated steam acts
by introducing a regenerator which abstracts a portion of the heat of the highly
heated steam as it enters the cylinder and restores heat to the steam as it issues:
from the cylinder, after having performed work therein.
we
1:

page_text: In the accompanying drawings we have shewn various arrangements of engines
to which our invention is applied as we will now describe. Referring first to
Fig. 1, A is the steam boiler and B is the heater. C C are two cylinders having
trunk pistons connected to opposite cranks on the shaft S, and D is a third cylinder
of larger area having its piston connected to a crank on the same shaft S at right
angles to the two other cranks. Steam from the boiler A is supplied by the pipe a
to the valve chests a¹ a¹ and, after acting on the annular under surfaces of the
pistons in C C, it passes by the pipe b to the heater B. The steam superheated
in B passes by the pipe B¹ to the upper ends of the cylinders C C, its admission
being governed by the piston valves c c. After the superheated steam has acted in
the cylinders C C, the exhaust valves c' c³ opening allow it to pass by the pipe d
to the cylinder D in which its final expansion takes place. In the engine shewn
by Fig. 2 a portion of the steam from the boiler A passes by the pipe a to the
upper end of the cylinder C, and by a branch a¹ a portion of the steam passes to
the heater B where it is superheated and whence it passes by the pipe b to the
lower end of the cylinder C. The exhaust from both ends of the cylinder C-passes
into a reservoir E which supplies the larger cylinder D. The crank connected to
the piston of D is at right angles to that connected to the piston of C. The general
arrangement remaining the same, the engine and its working may be modified as
shewn in Fig. 3. In this case the steam from the boiler A passes by the pipe a to
the heater B, and the superheated steam passes by the pipe b to the lower end of
the cylinder C. The exhaust passes into the reservoir E and supplies the cylinder D.
By a pipe e the upper end of the cylinder C communicates with the reservoir E.
By the downstroke of the piston of C expanded steam is drawn from the reservoir E
into the cylinder C, and by the upstroke it is sent back to E. This serves to cool
the cylinder C abstracting heat which is imparted to the steam in E. In the engine
shewn by the plan partly sectional Fig: 4, steam from the boiler A passes by the
pipe a to the inner ends of the two cylinders DD which have their pistons rigidly
connected together and linked to a crank on the shaft S. From the inner ends of
the cylinders D D the steam heated by contact with these cylinders passes by the
pipe a¹ to the double acting cylinder C, thé exhaust from which passes by the pipe c
to the heater B. From the heater B the superheated steam passes by the pipe b to
operate in the outer ends of the cylinders D D, and the exhaust from these passes
by the pipe d to work in the double acting cylinder E. Fig. 5 is a sectional plan
and Fig. 5 is an elevation of an engine generally similar to that described with
reference to Fig. 4 with modifications as shewn. Steam from the boiler A passes
by the pipe a to an enclosed space D¹ between the pistons of D D in, which are
accomodated the connecting rod and the crank on the shaft S which here passes
through stuffing boxes. From this space, the steam, heated therein, passes by the
pipe a¹ to supply the two single-acting cylinders C C. The exhaust from these
passes by the pipe c to the heater B, whence the superheated steam passes by the
pipe b to supply the outer ends of the cylinders D D. From these the exhaust
passes to the single acting cylinders E E. In the engine shewn by Fig. 6, steam
from the boiler A passes by the pipe a to the lower end of the cylinder C and, after
acting on the annular area of its trunk piston, the exhaust passes by the pipe c to
the heater B. From B the superheated steam passes by pipe b to the upper end of
the cylinder C where it passes through a number of perforated metal plates P
arranged therein to act as a regenerator. From the upper end of C the exhaust
passes to the reservoir E and supplies the double acting cylinder D.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is:-
1,. In steam engines in which highly heated steam is employed, the method
herein described of moderating the heat of the cylinder in which the hot steam
acts by admitting the hot steam to act in only one end of the cylinder on one side

page_text: of the piston, and supplying the other end of the cylinder with steam at moderate
temperature.
2, In combination with a steam boiler and a heater an engine constructed and
operating substantially as described with reference to Fig. 1, wherein steam from
the boiler acts on the annular areas of trunk pistons while superheated steam from
the heater acts on the other sides of the same pistons.
3, In combination with a steam boiler and a heater, an engine constructed and
operating substantially as described with reference to Fig. 2 wherein part of the
steam from the boiler acts on one side of a piston while part of the steain
superheated by passing through the heater acts on its other side.
4, In combination with a steam boiler and a heater, an engine constructed and
operating substantially as described with reference to Fig. 3, wherein steam from
the boiler superheated by passing through the heater acts in one end of a cylinder
and exhausts into a reservoir while steam from the reservoir flows into and out of
the cylinder at its other end.
5, In combination with a steam boiler and a heater, an engine constructed and
operating substantially as described with reference to Fig. 4, wherein steam from
the boiler, after passing through two cylinders at their inner ends, works in a
double acting cylinder, the exhaust from which, after being superheated by passing
through the heater, works in the other ends of the two cylinders above mentioned.
6, In combination with a steam boiler and a heater, an engine constructed and
operating substantially as described with reference to Figs. 5 and 5%, wherein steam.
from the boiler, after passing through the space between two pistons, works in two
single acting cylinders, the exhaust from which, after being superheated by passing
through the heater, works on the other sides of the two pistons above mentioned.
7, In combination with a steam boiler and a heater, an engine constructed and
operating substantially as described with reference to Fig. 6, wherein steam from
the boiler acts on the annular area of a trunk piston at one end of a cylinder and
the exhaust superheated by passing through the heater passes through regenerator
plates to act in the other end of the cylinder.