CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAKING OR MANU- FACTURING OF METAL HINGES FOR DOORS AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1836

page_text: YOUNG'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
YOUNG, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Patent Locksmith,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing
date at Westminster, the Seventh day of June, in the sixth year of His
reign, and in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-
six, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Young, my executors, administrators, and assigns, His especial
license, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said John
Young, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said John Young, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during
the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAKING OR MANU-
FACTURING OF METAL HINGES FOR DOORS AND OTHER PURPOSES;" in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso, obliging me, the said John Young,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe
and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in His
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Young, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and the

page_text: manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being had
to the Drawing hereunto anuexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say):
―
My Invention of certain improvements in the making or manufacturing of
metal hinges for doors and other purposes, bas for its object the making or
producing of metal hinges with solid knuckle or hinge joints, out of peculiarly
formed or shaped strips or lengths of rolled, drawn, or swaged malleable iron
or brass, copper, or such other metal or mixture of metals, such improved
hinges with solid knuckle joints being stronger and neater, and in my opinion
much more preferable than those in which a part of the metal is turned over or
coiled around a centre pin or mandril, in order to form the knuckle or hinge
joint. And consists in forming such metal binges from out of strips or lengths
of metal rolled, drawn, or swaged into peculiar shapes for forming such
hinges, that is, with a rib or ribs projecting therefrom intended to form the
knuckle or hinge joint, and which 'strips or lengths of metal are afterwards
cut up or severed by means of proper shaped tools, cutters, or punches and
dics, into the required lengths for forming such hinges, which portions of the
lengths of metal are afterwards, or at the same time cut or properly shaped
or formed into the two parts, sides, or rings for forming the said hinges, which
parts, sides, or wings, afterwards have the hole for the admission of the centre
pin drilled through the solid metal or projecting rib intended to form the
knuckle or hinge joint; and further, are properly fitted into each other, and
the screw holes in the wings punched or drilled, and countersunk in the usual
manner to form the complete hinge.
:
. And in order the better to illustrate my said improvement, and the manner
of carrying the same into effect, I have shewn in the accompanying Drawing
several different shapes or forms of metal, and also some of the cutters, dies,
or punchies, and tools used for severing or cutting out, and forming the said
parts, portions, or wings, although I do not mean or intend to confine myself
to the particular form or construction of the tools therein shewn, as the same
may be varied to suit the operations and will of the manufacturer, and I have
only given them by way of example:
The plan and sectional Figures marked A, B, C, D, E, are representations
of portions of strips of metal rolled, swaged, or drawn into the shapes or
forms required to form my said improved hinges. Fig. A has the rib or pro-
jecting part intended to form the knuckle or hinge joint, placed along the
middle of the strip or length of metal for forming the wings, and which is
afterwards cut or severed by proper shaped tools or cutters, into the portions

page_text: shewn at Figures a, b, and c, so as to form the necessary part of the hinge,
this may be done at one or two operations as thought desirable. Fig. B,
represents the projecting rib formed on only one side or edge of the strip of
metal, the parts for forming the wings extending from it only in one direction,
and which strip or length may be cut or severed, and formed by proper
shaped tools into the necessary parts as shewn in Figures d, e, f. Fig. C,
shews another form of a strip or length of metal, with ribs or projecting parts
formed on each edge or side of the piece, which is afterwards cut or separated
down the middle, as shewn by the dotted line into two parts or portions, which
are then to be treated in the same way as that shewn at Fig. B. Another
form or shape of strips of metal for making these improved hinges is shewn
at Fig. D, that is, with the ribs for forming the knuckle joints projecting from
the plate or flat part at intervals, only instead of a continuous rib as 'in the
other Figures, the one part marked h is for forming what is called the "male"
knuckle, and the other part i, for forming the "female" knuckle joint; these
shapes may be formed by indented or grooved rollers, or by swaging tools,
and are to be cut, severed, and formed by proper shaped tools into the several
Figures k, l, m, n. Another shape or form is shewn at Fig. E, and is also
produced by indented rollers or swaging tools, and when the same have been
separated down the middle as shewn by the dotted lines, the separate parts
are to be treated in the same manner as those shewn at Fig. D, the transverse
dotted lines in Figs. D and E, shewing the part or portion required for one
hinge. The manner of working these strips or lengths of metal, that is,
rolling, drawing, or swaging, and the proper times and operations for pro-
ducing these peculiar forms and shapes of lengths of metal, will be well
known by all practical workmen, and therefore it is not necessary for me to
shew or describe all the various methods, processes, or operations for making
or producing the same, but I prefer rolling the metal with indented or
grooved rollers, so as to produce the required forms in preference to any other
manner, although some of them may be produced by drawing or swaging.
Therefore, having first procured the forms of metal, as shewn in Figures A,
B, C, D, or E, by rolling, drawing, or swaging, I first, by emy proper revolving
cutters, sever the lengths, if rolled double as at Figs. C and E, into two parts,
and then by proper cutters or tools, as a cutter, punch, and counter die placed
in a fly press, sever the same into the required portions for forming the hinge,
and then by other tools, dies, or punches, cut away the superfluous parts, and
form them into the required shape to make the two sides, portions, or wings
of the hinge; for instance, I take the part or portion of the strip or length
of metal Fig. d, and operate upon it with the tools shown at Figures 1, 2, 3, 4,

page_text: 5, 6, and 7; Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a pair of tools, or dies and punches,
for forming the "female" knuckle joint; Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the same,
both shewing the piece of metal o, placed in the lower die ready to be operated
upon; Fig. 3 is a plan view of the lower or counter die; Fig. 4 is a side
elevation, and section of the tools and dies after being put into operation, and
the superfluous part of the piece of metal o, separated or cut off'; Fig. 5 is a
front view of a pair of dics or tools for forming a male side or knuckle joint
of the binge; Fig. 6 is a plan view of the lower or counter die belonging to the
same, and Fig. 7 is a sectional elevation, shewing the cutter just about to operate
upon the piece of metal o, all these tools or dies and punches may be mounted
in an ordinary fly press, and worked by hand or steam power as desired.
Having thus produced the necessary parts for forming the hinges, I proceed
to drill the holes for the centre pins, and the screw holes in the wings, and
complete the hinge by fitting the parts together in the usual manner.
Having now particularly described my Invention, and the manner of carry-
ing the same into effect, I wish it to be understood, that what I claim as my
Invention secured to me by the above in part recited Letters Patent is, the
making or manufacturing of metal hinges for doors and other purposes with
solid knuckles, from out of the above-described peculiarly shaped or formed
strips or lengths of metal, such strips or forms being produced in malleable
iron, or in brass or copper, or such metal or mixtures of metals by rolling,
swaging, or drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Young, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of December, in the year of our Lord