An Improved Process for the Production of Pliable and Elastic Bodies by Electrolysis.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Process for the Production of Pliable and Elastic Bodies
by Electrolysis.
I, ANNA KRUGER, of 35, Langestrasse, Baden Baden, in the Empire of Germany,
School Mistress, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the deposition of metals by electrolysis, and its object
is to produce different articles of metallic layers of great elasticity.
The invention consists in the metallic deposition upon a mould, model or
framework forming part of the article to be produced; layers of one metal separated
by a layer of composition such as plumbago or in the deposition of layers of dif-
ferent metals. The invention further consists in the specific mechanism employed
to produce homogeneity and solidity in the different layers of metal.
In one method of carrying the invention into effect as applied to the production
of a screw thread shaped casing, the procedure is as follows,
A metal hollow spindle with a screw formed upon its surface is coated with
plumbago and polished to form the groundwork for the deposition of the electro-
lytic metal. The spindle is rotated and a layer of metal deposited upon the spindle,
and this layer of metal is simultaneously compressed and polished and rendered
homogeneous by the apparatus hereinafter to be described. The spindle is now
removed and a layer of plumbago placed upon the surface of the deposited metal,
and this process is repeated until the desired number of alternate layers are
obtained. If it is desired to strengthen this hollow screw casing the layers may be
made to meet at any portions by mechanically scraping away the plumbago layer
at the desired points of junction, and the casing may be further strengthened by
depositing the layers upon steel rings placed at the apex and the bottom of the
threads, so that these rings may be formed integral with the layers.
In carrying the invention into effect according to another modification to produce
an elastic metal pipe, a ribbon of steel is used as a substructure to deposit the
alternate layers upon. In this case the layers are deposited in a precisely similar
way to that herein before described. The points of junction of the metallic layers
can be arranged on the spiral pipe running in an opposite direction of the spiral
junction of the metal substructure so that strength is combined with elasticity.
It is evident that elastic metallic substructures of wires, hoops, bands or ribbons
according to the class of article desired, may be used to deposit the alternate layers
upon, and the point of junction of these layers may be varied, all without departing
from the subject matter of the present invention.
Instead of depositing layers of one metal alternate with layers of plumbago and
like substances, layers of different metal may be deposited, one on top of the other,
by changing the electrolyte. When these layers are being deposited the polishing
and compressing mechanism herein before referred to and yet to be described is
also used, and when the deposition is complete the layers may be caused to join
ogether by heat.

page_text: The compressing and polishing apparatus hereinbefore referred to consists of a
box held by a spring arm in such a manner that the spring arm presses the
bottom of the box against the rotating object upon which the metal is being electro-
deposited. The bottom of the box is cut to meet the configuration of the article
under treatment and it has within it suitable containing groove or grooves carrying
a number of hard balls; so that these balls are pressed by the spring arm and
containing box upon the electro deposited surface. The balls rotate and while
polishing also compress and render homogeneous and solid the deposited metal
and it is to be understood that a series of cylinders or other suitably shaped bodies
may be used as a substitute for the balls.
So that the electro deposition may be regular upon the article to be treated and
not greater at some parts than others; a rubber sleeve covering this article may
be used which is lifted a fixed distance from the mould as the polishing and
compressing device travels along. Suitable shoulders upon the box or device
separate the rubber from the mould and they are arranged to suit the configuration
of the article.
The herein before described process and mechanism produce articles which are
pliable and elastic while at the same time they are strong and homogeneous.
Dated this Oth dow of Novamban
1907
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., and
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents.
An Improved Process for the Production of Pliable and Elastic Bodies
by Electrolysis.
I, ANNA KRÜGER, of 35, Langestrasse, Baden Baden, in the Empire of Germany,
School Mistress, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
This invention relates to the deposition of metals by electrolysis, and its object
is to produce different articles of metallic layers of great elasticity.
The invention consists in the metallic deposition upon a mould, model, or a
framework forming part of the article to be produced; layers of the metal separated
by a layer of composition such as plumbago; or in the deposition of layers of
different metals. The invention further consists in the specific mechanism
employed to produce homogeneity and solidity in the different layers of metal.
The methods of carrying the invention into effect are illustrated in the accom-
panying drawings as follows,-
Figures 1 and 2 are respectively longitudinal section and part end elevation of
one form of mould upon which the layers are deposited.
Figures 3 and 4 are part sections on an increased scale of modifications of the
formation illustrated in the preceding figures.
Figure 5 is a part section on an increased scale of the formation illustrated at
Figures 1 and 2.
Figures 6 and 7 are respectively cross section and part elevation of an elastic
metal pipe produced by the improved process.
Figure 8 is a similar cross section to Figure 6 but showing the pipe collapsed.
Figure 9 is a transverse section through a polishing and compressing device
employed in the improved process, and forming part of the invention.

page_text: Figure 10 is a longitudinal section on a reduced scale of the device shown in
Figure 9.
One method of carrying the invention into effect as applied to the production
of a screw thread shaped casing is illustrated at Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the
drawings and the procedure is as follows,-A metal hollow spindle with a screw a
formed upon its surface is coated with a layer of plumbago b and polished to form
the groundwork for the deposition of the electrolytic metal. The spindle is rotated
and a layer of metal deposited upon the surface, and this layer of metal is
simultaneously compressed and polished and rendered homogeneous by the
apparatus illustrated at Figures 9 and 10 and hereinafter described. The spindle
is now removed from the electrolytic bath and a second layer of the plumbago a
placed upon the surface of the deposited metal, a further layer of metal deposited
and a further layer of plumbago d, and this process is repeated until the desired
number of alternate layers are obtained. If it is desired to strengthen the hollow
screw casing produced in this manner the layers of metal may be made to meet
at any portions by mechanically scraping away the plumbago layers b, c, d, at the
desired points of junction, as shown at a¹ Figures 1 and 2; the three or more
metallic layers being thus rendered continuous at these points and it is evident
that junctions of this kind may be varied in number and position without
departing from the subject. of the present invention. The casing may be further
strengthened by depositing the layers upon separate steel or metal rings e (see
Figure 3) placed at the apex and the bottom of the threads of the screw so that
these rings may be formed integral with the layers. Instead of, or in addition
to, the steel or metal rings employed to strengthen the article produced; depres-
sions e (see Figure 4) may be formed in the mould thus producing ridges in the
article.
In carrying the invention into effect according to the modification illustrated
in Figures 6, 7, and 8 of the drawings an elastic metal pipe is produced with a
ribbon of steel a³ as a substructure to deposit the alternate layers upon. In this
case the layers are deposited in a precisely similar way to that hereinbefore
described, d, e, f, representing the separation or plumbago layers. The points
of junction g of the metallic layers formed by scraping away the plumbago or
separation layers are preferably arranged on the spiral pipe running in an opposite
direction to the spiral junction of the metal substructure, so that strength is
combined with elasticity and further points of junction h may also be arranged
running parallel to the pipes axis.
It is evident that elastic metallic substructures of wires, hoops, bands or ribbons
according to the class of article desired, may be used to deposit the alternate layers
upon, and the point of junction of these layers may be varied, all without departing
from the subject matter of the present invention.
Instead of depositing layers of one metal alternate with layers of plumbago
and like substances, layers of different metal may be deposited, one on top of the
other, by changing the electrolyte. When these layers are being deposited the
polishing and compressing mechanism herein before referred to and yet to be
described is also used, and when the deposition is complete the layers may be
caused to join together by heat.
The compressing and polishing apparatus herein before referred to is illustrated
at Figures 9 and 10 of the drawings and it consists of a box a³ held by a spring
arm c in such a manner that the spring f of the arm c² presses the bottom 62 of the
box against the rotating object upon which the metal is being electro-deposited.
The bottom of the box a³ is cut to meet the configuration of the article under
treatment which in this case is a spiral casing somewhat similar to that herein-
before described, and it has within it suitable containing groove or grooves carry-
ing a number of hard balls e, e, so that these balls 2 e² are pressed by the spring
arm and containing box upon the electro deposited surface. The balls rotate
and while polishing also compress and render homogeneous and solid the deposited

page_text: metal and it is to be understood that a series of cylinders or other suitably shaped
bodies may be used as a substitute for the balls.
So that the electro deposition may be regular upon the article to be treated and
not greater at some parts than others; a rubber sleeve i covering the article g¹
may be used which is lifted a fixed distance from the mould as the polishing and
compressing device travels along. Suitable shoulders h¹ h¹ upon the box, separate
the rubber from the mould and they are arranged to suit the configuration of the
article in every case.
The herein before described process and mechanism produce articles which are
pliable and elastic while at the same time they are strong and homogeneous.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
1, The improved process for the production of pliable and elastic bodies by
electrolysis consisting in the deposition of layers of metal alternately with layers
of separating material such as plumbago and joining the metallic layers at desired
points by removing corresponding portions of the separating layers all substantially
as herein before described.
2, In pliable and elastic bodies produced by the process claimed in the pre-
ceding claim, the provision of metallic substructures or frames formed integral
with the deposited article when complete, as a means for strengthening the same
where required substantially as hereinbefore described.
3,-The improved process for the production of pliable and elastic bodies by
electrolysis consisting in the deposition of layers of metal in any desired series
as a means for attaining the desired elasticity substantially as herein before
described.
:
4, The pliable and elastic pipe provided with a spiral ribbon substructure and
having alternate layers of metal and plumbago or like material deposited upon
it, with a junction of the metal layer running in an oppositely spiral path round
the said pipe substantially as herein before described with reference to Figures 6, 7,
and 8 of the accompanying drawings.
5,-In processes for the production of articles by electrolysis the provision of a
device for compressing and rendering homogeneous the layers of deposited-metal
substantially as herein before described with reference to Figures 9 and 10 of the
accompanying drawings.
1007
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., and
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents.