matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED CIRCULATING WATER TUBES FOR BOILERS, And METHOD FOR FORMING THE SAME
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James M'Neil and William
Macgeorge at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 5th January 1874.
We, JAMES MCNEIL, of Number 2, Gough Street, Stainsly Road,
Poplar, and WILLIAM MACGEORGE, of Number 114, Fenchurch Street,
both in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVED CIRCULATING WATER TUBES FOR BOILERS, And
METHOD FOR FORMING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
.In order to increase the steam producing power of boilers we place
inverted syphon tubes suspended over the fire or into flues, where flame
or heated gases can impinge upon them. The upper ends are open into
the interior of the boiler, and the lower part is in the furnace or flue.
The upper open ends are of different lengths, and the inverted syphon
water tubes are made out of one or more pieces of pipe.
To bend these tubes we prefer to employ our improved tool for the
purpose, which consists of a metal mould or die fitting into the inside
of one of our bent syphon tubes when finished. At the centre of the

page_text: bend is hinged a lever generally carrying a roller or rollers hollowed to
fit the pipe. When a heated straight pipe is fixed on the mould passing
between it and the aforesaid roller a movement of the lever through
an arc of two right angles or thereabouts bends the pipe as required.
A NEW OR IMPROVED UMBRELLA TIP FASTENER
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Lublinski at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
June 1874.
I, ROBERT LUBLINSKI, of No. 183, City Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Stick Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED UMBRELLA TIP FASTENER," to
be as follows :-
This Inventions consists of an improved fastener for the tips of
umbrellas, so as to secure them compactly round the stick when closed,
and to render the umbrella more adaptable for walking purposes.
The modes hitherto adopted have been the metal cap moving up and
down on the stick, and the india-rubber ring moving in like manner.
Now my Invention consists of a ring of metal fixed permanently on
the stick at the point where the tips would be when the umbrella is
folded up. The ring is just large enough to enclose the tips, and is fixed
on to the stick by means of a wire which runs through the ring and the
stick, two small perforated pieces of metal being fixed in the inner sido
to keep it steady; the ring itself being in two distinct halves and hinging
-

page_text: on the said wire. An up-and-down motion is secured by this means for
the two halves, so that when it is necessary to secure the umbrella tips,
the two halves of the ring are merely placed over the tips and they are
perfectly fixed, and to release them all that is necessary is to raise or
draw back the two halves of the ring.
In lieu of the wire above-mentioned running through the ring and the
stick I may adopt screws to effect the same object to screw on to the
stick, but retaining the hinge-like movement of the two halves of the
ring as before described.
A New Or IMPROVED MODE OF ADAPTING BALL WOUND THREAD FOR USE IN HAND OR MACHINE Sewing
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gavin Spiers at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
November 1874.
I, GAVIN SPIERS, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A New Or
IMPROVED MODE OF ADAPTING BALL WOUND THREAD FOR USE IN HAND OR MACHINE
Sewing,” to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention which relates to the adaptation of "ball" wound
thread for employment in sewing machines, has for its object to obtain
the advantages accruing from the use of thread wound in balls, under
which system of winding a stronger, rounder, and more uniform thread
is obtained as distinguished from the ordinary winding of the thread on
separate bobbins, and at the same time the use or employment of a
separate bobbin for a defined length of thread is dispensed with, whilst
the advantages of the bobbin system of winding are secured. The thread
is wound up into a ball with a space or passage through the centre thereof
by any suitable arrangement of winding apparatus.

page_text: When the thread is, about to be employed a pirn or core pointed or
tapered at one end, and at the other end preferably provided with a
flanch is passed-through the centre of the ball. Through the pirn or
core a passage or hole is made into which a spindle fixed on the machine
is passed. The pirn or core is made of sufficient diameter relatively with
the passage through the ball to retain the ball thercon, so that when the
thread unwinds by the drawing action of the machine needle or otherwise
the pirn or core with the thread thereon is turned round. When all the
thread is exhausted from one ball the same pirn or core is passed
through another ball of thread, which may then be used up in the same
manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RECORDING THE AMOUNT OF MONEY RECEIVED IN FARES BY THE CONDUCTORS OF PUBLIC VEHICLES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry St. John at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th June 1874.
I, JOHN HENRY ST. JOHN, late Brevet-Major, 92nd Highlanders, of
Marshall Waters, Ide, Exeter, in the County of Devon, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR RECORDING THE AMOUNT OF MONEY RECEIVED IN FARES BY THE CONDUCTORS
OF PUBLIC VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for
recording the amount of money received in fares by the conductors of
public vehicles. For this purpose I place below each row of seats in the
vehicle a shaft to which a slow revolving motion is transmitted from
one of the wheels of the vehicle. Along the shaft slots are formed, in
cach of which lies a light rod, there being one such rod for cach seat.
Each rod has connected to it a collar, which embraces the shaft, and is
capable of sliding along it. This collar is surrounded by a loose collar,
within which it is free to turn, but which cannot move endwise upon it.
This outer collar is by links connected to a system of levers in con-

page_text: nection with one of the seats. Each seat is arranged to be depressed a
short distance by the weight of a person sitting upon it, and the levers
are arranged so that when the seat is depressed they cause the collar to
slide along the shaft and carry with it the light rod to which it is
attached. The end of the rod carries a peg which (when the rod is thus
moved along the shaft) comes into position to act upon the first wheel
of a recording apparatus, either directly or upon an interposed lever
carrying a pawl to act upon ratchet teeth formed upon the wheel. By
this means the distance turned by the first wheel of the recording
apparatus at each turn of the shaft will depend upon the number of
seats which are occupied.
The wheel of the recording apparatus above mentioned gives motion
to a train of counting wheels carrying pointers, which at the end of each
journey or each day indicate upon dials the total amount of money
which should have been received.
IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DIGGING POTATOES AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL ROOTS, AND FOR CULTIVATING LAND
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Bucknall at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
January 1874.
I, FREDERICK BUCKNALL, of Kirton, in the County of Lincoln,
Agricultural Implement Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DIGGING POTATOES
AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL ROOTS, AND FOR CULTIVATING LAND," to be as
follows:-
My improved machinery or apparatus for digging or cultivating land
consists of a rotating digger or tool provided with any convenient number
of pairs of prongs or digging forks, which are fixed in a hub or nave
mounted on one end of a rotating shaft which is driven by a large bevil
wheel on the axle of the running wheels. In combination with this
rotating digger there is a share and breast board which will regulate the
action of the digger. This part of the apparatus is also capable of
adjustment vertically as may be required. It is also provided with a
stalk and running wheel for supporting the digger end of the apparatus
while it is being transported along a road or other place where the
digger is not required to act. Of course when the digger is not required
-

page_text: to act the shaft and pinion which operates is thrown out of gear with the
large bevil wheel on the axle of the running wheels.
This apparatus may be used either to dig up potatoes or other
agricultural roots, or merely to scarify land and dig up twitch or weeds.
It will also be found useful for loosening the surface of stiff clay land
and for breaking it up, and also for breaking up clods, and for various
other purposes connected with the cultivation of land, when the object is
to break up or disintegrate the soil.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF BUILDING AND ALTERING, BY LENGTHENING BY THE STERN, THE AFTER HULL OF YACHT, SAILING BOAT, OR OTHER VESSEL
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Empson Edward Middleton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 2nd February 1874.
I, EMPSON EDWARD MIDDLETON, Bachelor and Gentleman, residing
at No. 9, Anglesea Place, Southampton, in the County of Hampshire,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF BUILDING AND ALTERING, BY LENGTHENING BY THE STERN, THE AFTER
HULL OF YACHT, SAILING BOAT, OR OTHER VESSEL," to be as follows:
-
The process of building and altering, by lengthening by the stern, the
after hull is described by a drawing especially prepared by my own
hand, and the novelty of the Invention consists in carrying the stern-
post aft from or by the lower end, the deck end of the stern post being
the pivot end; and further, by carrying out and lengthening the kcel of
the said yacht, sailing boat, or other vessel to such extent aft, that the
keel shall meet the new line of inclination of the sternpost. The keelson,
if any,
and the general finish of the lines of the hull will be adapted to
suit the circumstances arising out of this Invention. This new inclina-
tion of the sternpost is directly contrary to present usage.

page_text: The Invention may be applied to any ordinary build of sailing
vessel.
The stern post should be carried aft of the vertical to an angle of
45° degrees in racing yachts and vessels of small tonnage, but in large
ships it may be advisable to confine the angle of the stern post to less
dimensions, as 30° degrees. Actual experiment will determine how near
the angle of forty-five degrees can be approached in the case of large
sea-going vessels; but I especially petition that my Invention shall be
said to include any such carrying aft of the stern post as herein described,
whenever the said carrying aft of the stern post, as herein described, ]
shall exceed an angle of ten degrees aft of the vertical.
The rudder may be of many shapes, for instance, quadrilateral, or one
of the many shapes in common use; it only requires to be large enough
and properly fitted. I do not consider the rudder a part of the
Invention.
1
IMPROVEMENTS IN BROOCH AND OTHER DRESS FASTENINGS, AND IN DRESS AND HAIR ORNAMENTS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bale at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th December
1874.
I, JOSEPH BALE, of 52, Aldermanbury, in the City of London,
Warehouseman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BROOCH AND OTHER DRESS FASTENINGS, AND IN DRESS AND HAIR
ORNAMENTS," to be as follows:—
This Invention has for its object,-
First. The construction of a secure and ornamental fastening for ladies'
and children's veils to supersede the present insecure and dangerous
method of fastening by an ordinary pin or hair pin, and to protect the
veil against accidental loss or robbery from the person.
Secondly. My improvements are applicable to any kind of brooch or
ornament fastened by a pointed pin or tongue to any article of dress
or the hair, being secured against loss or robbery when being worn, and
the point of the pin is so protected that it cannot prick the fingers or
any part of the person when pushed against it.

page_text: In carrying out my improvements as applied to a brooch (the same
being applicable as a veil fastener, and other dress fastenings or hair
ornaments), I use a jointed pin or tongue, but instead of the ordinary eye
or catch to receive the point I apply a self-acting spring catch which
may consist of a short tubo not exceeding a quarter of an inch in length
with an opening on one side. When the pin is unfastened the opening
in the side of the tube is closed by a spring which is self-acting, inasmuch
as in proportion to and by the movement and the pressure of the pin
towards the opening in the catch, so the spring moves away and leaves
a free opening for the pin to be passed through and enclosed in the tube
or catch. This is accomplished by the same simple movement of the pin
as in fastening an ordinary brooch. When the pin has entered the catch,
the reaction of the spring immediately presses it upwards, and thus
closes the opening again, which prevents the pin being accidentally
released, and ensures great safety in the fastening.
.
To unfasten the pin the same lateral movement as in ordinary brooches
is employed by pressing down the pin to the opening in the side of the
catch, at once sets it free in the most simple manner, for it can bo
accomplished by one hand if necessary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR POLISHING OR SURFACING IVORY, BONE, AND SIMILAR BUTTONS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Tylor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th July
1874.
I, HENRY TYLOR, of No. 5, Queen Street, Cheapside, in the City of
London, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR POLISHING OR SURFACING
IVORY, BONE, AND SIMILAR BUTTONS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is improvements in apparatus for
polishing or surfacing buttons by mechanical means.
Hitherto in polishing ivory, bone, and other similar buttons it has
been usual to arrange the buttons singly in a lathe, and then to apply a
brush or rubber to the surface until the required degree of polish has
been given thereto. This process is very tedious, and necessitates a deal
of labour, increasing the expense of manufacture, and consequent cost
to the consumer.

page_text: hairs or bristles project towards the axis. The vessel is mounted upon
bearings, and is caused to revolve at any required rate of speed, whereby
the buttons, which are placed inside the vessel, becomes rolled over and
over and otherwise prepared.
The interior of the vessel may have a drum upon a separate axle, and
this may have appliances upon it by which the buttons can be caused to
press upon the brushes as the vessel revolves.
In some cases the drum may have brushes or other polishing or
surfacing medium arranged upon its exterior, and powdered whiting or
other agent can be mixed with the buttons in the vessel to assist the
operation.
In other cases the drum alone may have the brushing medium
affixed, and be made to revolve in the same, or in a contrary direction
to the vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC CARTRIDGE CASES."
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Jones, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Mechanical Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN METALLIC CARTRIDGE CASES."
1
Sealed the 27th March 1874, and dated the 15th January 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Jones at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th January 1874.
I, EDWARD JONES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC CARTRIDGE CASES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to metallic cartridge cases, in which the
head and tubular body of the case are made separately and are connected
together by a short hollow neck or contracted part on the under side of

page_text: the head, inserted and expanded or rivetted in a central opening in the
base of the tubular body.
On the explosion of a cartridge having a case of the kind described,
the slight expansion of the body caused by the explosion tends to loosen
the head and to permit a slight escape of gas at the junction of the head
and body.
My improvements have for their object to remedy this defect, and
consists in constructing the parts by which the head and body of the
cartridge case are connected together in the following manner :—
Instead of making the base of the tubular body of uniform thickness in
all parts as is usual, I make the said base thicker at the central parts
than at the marginal parts, the metal tapering or diminishing in
thickness from the said central to the said marginal parts.
In rivetting a cartridge case head to a body of the ordinary kind the
force applied to effect the said rivetting acting on the central portions of
the head and body has a tendency to diminish the thickness of the
metal at the central parts of the base of the body, the metal of the said
base being thus made to taper from the marginal to the central portions.
The rivetting of the head to a body having a base of the ordinary
kind, although firmly connecting the parts together, does not prevent
the lateral expansion of the base by the explosion and the consequent
loosening of the head. But when the base of the body is mado
according to my Invention great resistance is offered to its lateral
expansion, after the rivetting of the head thereto.
Instead of making the metal of the base of the body taper from the
central towards the marginal parts, the base may have a uniform
thickness throughout, and be provided with an internal or external
projecting ring around the central opening, or with both an internal and
external ring around the said central opening. The said ring or rings
have the same effect as the base tapering from the central to the
marginal parts, in restraining the lateral expansion of the body, and
preventing the loosening of the head and the escape of gas.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN BOILERS AND FURNACES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Reed at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th January
1874.
I, JOHN REED, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Bricksetter and
Contractor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN BOILERS AND FURNACES," to be as follows:-
My Invention is applicable to all open boilers for domestic and other
purposes, and it consists in collecting the steam from such boilers and
delivering it under the furnace, by which the said boilers are heated.
In performing my Invention I make a perforated casing at the inside
and near the top of the boiler, into which casing the steam penetrates,
and from this casing four or other convenient number of tubes are
carried down into flues which deliver the steam under the grate bars of
the furnace. By this arrangement all the steam or vapours that would
otherwise escape into the apartment in which the boiler is erected are
conveyed into the furnace, thus promoting combustion and saving fuel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SCOTCH CAPS OR BONNETS,' AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRIC FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Hands and Thomas
Scampton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 23rd May 1874.
We, DANIEL HANDS and THOMAS SCAMPTON, both of Leicester, in the
County of Leicester, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SCOTCH CAPS OR
BONNETS,' AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
ALSO APPLICABLE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRIC FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
In carrying out our improvements in the manufacture of "Scotch caps
or bonnets," we weave the fabric in knitting machinery, and we employ
a single thread carrier to lay the thread on the needles for the successive
rows of loops from selvage to selvage, during the formation of that
portion of the fabric to constitute the "band" of the cap or bonnet, and
we employ what is generally known in the trade as the "star risers" or
such like adjustable motion to facilitate variation of loop and tension on
thread, in order that the length of loop may be readily changed for the
next courses or made slacker for that part of the cap or bonnet called the

page_text: "
•
skip" or "bell" from the "band" to the gathering in for the crown.
We, then suspend the action of the single thread carrier thus far used,
and bring into position a series of shifting thread layers capable of
traversing on a carrying bar with an adjustable stop motion to regulate
the distance of traverse of these thread layers in either direction, and we
now proceed to produce the work in sections, four or it may be other
number of sections, by these separate thread layers progressively
narrowing the sections to or near to points, using in combination with
these thread layers a "narrowing machine" with narrowing points or
ticklers, but in place of using only a few points or ticklers to act in
transferring the loops, only at the edges or selvages of the parts to be
narrowed, we employ a sufficient number of narrowing points or ticklers
to cause the doubling of the loops at or near the centres of such sections
or at such other part as may be desiréd.
The narrowing points or ticklers we employ are carried by a pair of
bars capable of sliding on the main bar of the "narrowing machine,"
and these bars are operated by lever motion to traverse them in either
direction, and they are held during work after each change by spring stop
motion. We then take the fabric so produced off the machine, and the
edges or selvages of the sections and other of the parts are gathered
together, completng the union of the parts. The cap or bonnet thus
formed is then subsmitted to milling and brushing processes, after which
it is lined and trimmed to fancy.
The improvements are also applicable in forming parts of stockings or
other looped or knitted fabrics, in which Vandyke or other narrowings
are desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Holstead at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th August
1874.
I, DAVID HOLSTEAD, of Moses Gate, in the County of Lancaster,
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to those descriptions of power looms in which
there aro rising and falling shuttle boxes at each end of the slay or
batten, the looms being used for weaving double or single fabrics of
various patterns or designs, such as carpet, quilts, checks, ginghams,
and other figured fabrics; and the Invention consists in an improved
arrangement and combination of mechanism for changing the positions
of the boxes.
The warps, which are of various colors, according to the required
pattern or design, are worked by a jacquard machine, or dobbies and
tappets, in any well-known manner, but for changing the positions of
the 'shuttle boxes for enabling picks of different colors to be given I fix
to the crank shaft a spur wheel, gearing into another spur wheel working

page_text: on a stud, and carrying two peg wheels turning two star wheels, one
larger and the other smaller, the latter being used for giving motion to
a chain wheel carrying an endless chain having on it projections
arranged according to the required pattern. The larger star wheel is
koyed to a collar on a stud, on which is fixed a tappet, and on this
collar there is another collar, on which there is another tappet so held
by a key or feather that it can revolve with the star wheel and bo
moved to and fro sideways, the motion being given by a fork worked by
a crank connected by a rod to a lever raised when required by a bowl
acted upon by a projection on the pattern chain. The tappets as they
revolve act upon a bowl on an arm connected to one of two weighted
levers, the ends of which are jointed to the frames of the shuttle boxes,
and when these frames are raised by the action of the tappets the
shuttle boxes are raised to make a change, and afterwards fall to their
original positions, the smaller tappet always acting upon the bowl and
making a change when the larger tappet is pushed out of the way; but
when the larger tappet is under the bowl the shuttle boxes are changed
to a higher position.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF ALIMENTARY SUBSTANCES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Miles Henry Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
April 1874.
I, MILES HENRY SMITH, of Wandsworth, in the County of Surrey,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF ALIMENTARY SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:
-
This Invention relates to the preservation of alimentary substances,
such for example as fish, flesb, and fowl, and consists in the employment
for such purposes of aldehyde cither alone or in solution, or in
combination with other substances and compounds having aldehyde as
their base or as one of their constituents.
In carrying out this Invention, I cause the alimentary substances to
bo preserved and contained in suitable vessels, to be placed in or in
contact with aldehyde or with a solution of aldehyde, or of such

page_text: substances and compounds which may have aldehyde as their base or as
one of their constituents, such solution being either in water or in any
other suitable solvent of the same, and having so impregnated or
immersed the alimentary substances, the vessels containing the same may
be closed either hermetically or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VESSELS OR APPARATUS FOR CONTAINING BEER AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Faulconer Morgan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
April 1874.
I, FAULCONER MORGAN, of High Street, Borough, in the County
of Surrey, Commission Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VESSELS OR APPARATUS FOR CONTAINING
BEER AND OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in constructing casks and other vessels or
apparatus of an uniform cross section for the whole or part of the length,
and with a piston or disc to float or rest or press upon the surface of the
beer or liquid, as this by continual use or drawing off is varied. The
cask or vessel to be of wood, metal, earthenware, glass, or other suitable
material, and the piston. or disc to be of wood or other suitable material
packed or not packed, and sometimes to be loaded or fitted with a spring
to press upon it, sometimes with a rod for holding up the piston when
desired. The cask or vessel generally to be closed at the top or provided
with a cover with air hole, and to be used in an upright position and to
be provided with a tap for drawing off the contents, and through which
or through the tap hole or otherwise it is to be or may be filled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FIRE-GRATES OF STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Bloomer at the Office
of Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th October
1874.
I, FREDERICK BLOOMER, of Pelsall, near Walsall, in the County
of Stafford, Ironmaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FIRE-GRATES OF STEAM BOILER AND OTHER
FURNACES," to be as follows:-—
My Invention has for its object to prevent the formation of clinker on
the fire-grates of steam boiler and other furnaces; and my said Inven-
tion consists in constructing and working the fire-bars of the said grates
in the following manner :-I make the fire-bars of the grate square or
angular in cross section, excepting at their ends, which I make of a
cylindrical figure. I mount or fit the said bars in cast-iron bearers at
such a distance apart that the said bars are capable of freely rotating the
cylindrical ends of the bars working in holes in the cast-iron bearers.
At one end of the grate the bars project beyond the bearer, and on the
projecting end of each bar a small pinion or toothed wheel is fixed, the
said pinions or wheels being geared together. By means of a driving

page_text: pulley or other gearing on the end of one of the bars worked by steam
or other motive power a slow rotatory motion is given to it, and through
the toothed gearing described to the whole of the bars, each bar rotating
in an opposite direction to the adjacent bar.
The grate bars may be worked by hand power instead of by steam or
other motive power.
By constructing the fire-bars and causing them to rotate as described
the fuel on the fire-grate is effectually broken up, and the formation of
clinker prevented, as well as the combustion of the fuel promoted.
Besides being applicable to the fire-grates of steam boiler furnaces my
improvements are applicable to the fire-grates of puddling, heating, and
other furnaces used in the manufacture of iron and steel and other
metals, as well as to the fire-grates of other furnaces, in which the same
kinds of grates are used.
A NEW AND COMPOUND ENGINE FOR THE WORKING OF ALL KINDS OF MACHINERY
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Mansley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
January 1874.
I, JOHN MANSLEY, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW AND COMPOUND
ENGINE FOR THE WORKING OF ALL KINDS OF MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to and consists of a system of working all kinds
of machinery or any other thing requiring motive power by the com-
pound action of steam and hydraulic power.
The steam engine, which I make very powerful in all its parts, and of
such a size as to drive two, three, or more hydraulic rams of such a size
and strength as the nature of the work shall demand. I apply the force
of these powerful rams as an auxiliary to and in connection with the
main shaft of my before-mentioned engine by means of cranks or other
equivalents.
On the before-mentioned main shaft I fix a large driving wheel or
pulley from which I drive my hydraulic pumps, the number of which
will be determined by the requirements. The driven wheel or pulley on

page_text: the shaft working such pumps will be made of such proportion with the
driver as to run quick to keep a continual pressure on the rams. I
therefore require steam pressure only sufficient to work my pumps and
overcome the inertia of my machinery on main shaft.
I use the ordinary steam engine or equivalent for my first motive 5
power to work as many pumps as I may require, which forces the water
into the cylinders of rams, which I regulate by self-acting valves or their
mechanical equivalents.
I can and may use a double piston cylinder and work from the centre,
which cylinder may be applied to the steam engine.
By these means I shall obtain great power with a comparative small
amount of steam, consequently save boilers, boiler room, and last (not
least) fuel.
]
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR HECKLING HEMP AND OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Dunch Frost at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th November 1874.
I, FREDERICK DUNCH FROST, of 11, London Street, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR HECKLING HEMP AND OTHER FIBRES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for
heckling hemp and other fibres. For this purpose I employ two endless
chains carrying between them the bars or fallers in which the heckling
teeth are fixed. The chains pass around four rollers arranged at the four
corners of a rectangle, these rollers are all driven, and they are toothed
so that as they revolvo they carry the chains round in a rectangular
The ends of the bars or fallers are made square, and the sides
of the square form guide surfaces and work between guides fixed parallel
to the chain on the four sides, which keep the teeth in position when at
work. When the fallers arrive each in turn at a corner where the
chains pass around one of the carrying rollers, the fallers do not turn
course.

page_text: with the links of the chain, but other sides of the guide squares on their
ends come to rest upon the guides, and so the fallers remain upright
throughout their course except however where they come up to the
delivery rollers, and here in order to keep the teeth out of contact with
the rollers as the fallers fall out of the fibre they are caused to tip or
incline backwards by means of stops which catch the upper corners of
the guide squares, and turn the fallers partly round and retain them
when so turned until the teeth have descended clear of the delivery
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PORTMANTEAUX, KNAPSACKS, SATCHELS, AND SUCH LIKE CASES, BOXES, OR RECEPTACLES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Hirschmann at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
September 1874.-A communication from abroad by Wilhelm
Philipp, of 25, Türkenstrasse, in the City of Vienna, and Empire
of Austria.
I, JOSEPH HIRSCHMANN, of No. 3, Highbury Park, North, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PORTMANTEAUX, KNAPSACKS,
SATCHELS, AND SUCH LIKE CASES, BOXES, OR RECEPTACLES," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in the adaptation to and employment for the
manufacture of portmanteaux, knapsacks, satchels, and such like cases,
boxes, or receptacles, of sheet metal, such as iron, Bessemer or other
steel, brass, or copper, instead of leather, canvas, or other materials now
employed.
The sheet metal is cut to shape and moulded to the desired form by
any suitable machinery, or by hand, and the edges united by soldering
or riveting (but preferably the latter), strengthening straps and angle

page_text: pieces of the same or other metal being employed as may be found
necessary.
The sheet metal should be formed with corrugations so disposed as
to impart additional stiffness and strength to the portmanteau or other
case or box when finished.
The hinges may be formed of part of the sheet metal composing the
portmanteau or case, or they may be made separate and attached to
the parts thereof, as may be preferred.
5
The exterior of the portmanteau or case may be japanned, painted, or
covered with a fabric to give it the appearance of any desired kind 1
of ordinary portmanteau or case, or otherwise ornamented. Leather
handles, straps, and metal studs may then be added as required, and the
interior lined and fitted up with compartments, et cetera, in the same
manner as ordinary portmanteaux or other cases.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN HARNESSING HORSES TO VEHICLES, AND AN APPARATUS FOR SUCH PURPOSE
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Winter at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents with his Petition, on the 28th
March 1874.
I, HENRY WINTER, of No. 12, Queen Victoria Strect, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “Im-
PROVEMENTS IN HARNESSING HORSES TO VEHICLES, AND AN APPARATUS FOR SUCH
PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
A lock slide and screw bolt to be attached to the pole chain or pole
straps, which will act as a link of it and instantly release horses (when
down from struggling, plunging, or kicking, to risc. It is an iron lock
with slide and screw bolt, as shown on the annexed Drawing, which
lock slide and screw bolt when joined together and attached to the pole
chain or pole straps will act as one link; and when horses are down, in
order to facilitate their rising, the screw bolt is turned and the slide
immediately escapes with the chain or straps, the lock remains on the

page_text: other portion of the chain or straps attached to the pole, so that the
horse becomes immediately free from the pole, chain, or straps, which
before was drawn so tight as to cause the horse to kick & plunge,
thereby doing not only serious injury to himself but to the other horse
when in double harness.
CONDUCTING THE WATER PROK THE RIM OF UMBRELLAS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Passmore at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
July 1874.
I, WILLIAM PASSMORE, known as the Rev. WILLIAM PASSMORE, of
Albert Road, Addiscombo, Croydon, in the County of Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for " CONDUCTING THE WATER PROK
THE RIM OF UMBRELLAS," to be as follows:-
1
The cover is so cut that the edges of the gores which form the rim of
the umbrella remain in nearly a straight lino (when the umbrella is open)
from "tip" to "tip." Attached to these edges is a piece of material of
suitable preparation (or the materials out of which the gores are cut, by
being manufactured of sufficient width to admit of being turned under
in the way required), and turned under as though it were part of the gore
itself, and lying when the umbrella is open at nearly a right angle to the
stick. This position being maintained by the way in which the ends of
the pieces are secured to each other under cach "tip," the ledgo
thus formed will form or constitute the conduct for the water. The
water will flow down the gores as usual, but instead of running down to

page_text: and off from every "tip" at one time, it will according to a natural law,
turn under and descend by way of the ledge until it reaches the lowest
point of the rim, by which I mean, that part of the umbrella at any time
nearer the level of the ground than any other, and freely flow off from
this point. By this arrangement the water will be prevented from
flowing down upon the person carrying the umbrella. This will apply to
the umbrella of the ordinary number of gores and ribs, and whether the
ribs are of equal or unequal lengths, or the gores of equal or unequal
sizes in the same umbrella, or of different number of gores or ribs to
those in common use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY AND EQUILIBRIUM VALVES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Tijou at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th June
1874.
I, WILLIAM TIJOU, of Talbot Court, in the City of London, Con-
sulting Engineer and Marine Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for 'IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY AND EQUILIBRIUM
VALVES," to be as follows:-
65
This Invention relates to a peculiar arrangement of safety valves for
marine and other steam boilers, applicable also as relief valves for air
and hydraulic pressure and as equilibrium valves in all cases where such
valves are required, its object being to obtain a sensitive valve with small
weight or spring in proportion to the area of the escape orifice.
According to this Invention it is proposed to employ two mushroom
valves connected to or bearing against one and the same lever on
opposite sides of the fulcrum of such lever, one of such valves opening
outwards and the other opening inwards.
Where an equilibrium valve is required the effective area of each
valve is the same, and any nice adjustment or regulation of the acting

page_text: pressure may be effected by varying the distances of the valves from the
fulcrum of the lever, or vice versa.
For a safety valve the area of the valve which opens outwards should
be somewhat larger than that of the valve which opens inwards, sup-
posing the two valves to be equidistant from the fulcrum of the lever.
Then the weight over the larger valve required to maintain the two
valves closed under any given pressure in the boiler need only be
proportionate to the excess of area of the one valve over the other, the
slightest opening of one valve producing of necessity a corresponding
and simultaneous opening of the other valve, but in a contrary direction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO ROLLER BLINDS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Parry at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd July
1874.
I, JOHN PARBY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO ROLLER BLINDS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention is applicable to that class of roller blinds where the
drawing down of the blind causes a long cord to be coiled around a
grooved pulley or drum attached to one end of the roller, and the blind
is drawn up by pulling the said cord so as to uncoil it again from the
pulley or drum.
The Invention consists of an apparatus to be applied to the bracket
which supports the peg or centre pin of this pulley or drum, whereby
any required amount of friction or pressure may be brought to bear
upon or against the surface of this peg or centre pin in order to prevent
the roller from turning too freely, so that the blind will always remain
in any position, but can still bo drawn up by pulling the said cord, or

page_text: drawn down by pulling a tassel attached to the lower part of the
blind.
The particular form in which my Invention is applied may be varied
considerably without departing from the main feature of my Invention,
viz., the application of friction or pressure direct upon the peg or centre 5
pin of the grooved pulley or drum, and will vary with the form of
bracket used. For example, when the bracket used to support tho peg
or pin of the pulley or drum is a simple driving bracket with an eye
through, or into which the peg passes and in which it revolves, the
friction or pressure may be applied by means of a pinching screw 1
tapped through the eye of the bracket, and having its end bearing on
the peg or pin.
In another form of bracket, for either driving or screwing where the
peg or pin rests in a notch merely, a piece of metal is hinged to the
bracket at one end, and a thumbscrew unites it and the bracket at 1
the other end, passing loosely through one and being tapped into the
other, whilst its central part rests against the peg or centre pin, so that
by turning this screw more or less friction or pressure may be brought
to bear direct upon the peg or centre pin.
If preferred a cortain amount of clasticity may be given to the 2
pressure by the interposition of a coiled wire or other form of spring,
the amount of pressure being still regulated by turning the thumbscrew,
or the pressure may be given by means of an india-rubber band passed
round both the bracket and the hinged piece, so as to cause them to
press on the pin or peg.
2
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SEED OR OIL CAKES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cyrus Eskrett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th March
1874.
:
I, CYRUS ESKRETT, of Hull, in the County of York, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SEED OR OIL CAKES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention has reference to oil or seed presses of ordinary con-
struction, and consists,―
Firstly. In improvements in what is known as the "filler plate"
which I by preference make of wood, though not necessarily so, as it
may also be made of other suitable material. Near the right and left
edges and on the top of the filler plate angle iron flanges are fixed,
outside of which I also provide and fix "edges" that may be of ordinary
construction.
I perforate the "filler plate" in such a manner so as to allow the oil
from the cake to pass through it to be conducted along gutters which
are provided on the under side of the wood "filler plate." The "filler

page_text: plate" being arranged in the above described manner is placed inside
the "press box" and there firmly secured.
The "filler plate when formed of wood being a non-conductor
retains the heat in the oil cake, preventing stains or discolouration of
the cake, at the same time allowing the oil to be more freely pressed t
therefrom.
The next part of my Invention has reference to the press or cake
plate which I make of the ordinary shape and of metal, and I so
construct it that it may slide or slip within the herein-before mentioned
angle irons on the "filler plate." The cake or presser plate is 1
corrugated at the top, in the hollow parts of which are provided slot
holes of suitable dimensions, wider at the under side of the plate than
at the top, so as to prevent an accumulation of seed or thick oil.
cake is placed on the "press or
press box and on the top of the
operation. By having the above.
The bag containing the seed for the
cake plate," then placed within the
"filler plate" ready for the pressing
described arrangement of "press or cake plate" the oil passes more
freely away from the cake; more oil is thereby obtained and much less
damage done to the seed bags.
In the top of the press box I fix an iron corrugated plate of ordinary
construction, and in order to prevent the heat from passing away from
the cake during the pressing operation I place on the top of the plate
one or more layers of wood or other suitable non-conductor of heat.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING ANIMAL SIZE FOR THE OBTAIN- MENT OF GLUE AND OTHER PRODUCTS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Miller at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th January
1874.
I, JOHN MILLER, of Aberdeen, in the County of Aberdeen, North
Britain, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING ANIMAL SIZE FOR THE OBTAIN-
MENT OF GLUE AND OTHER PRODUCTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the treatment of animal size, such as is
produced when boiling or steaming cattle bones, fish bones, horn piths,
scrows, or other animal matters of gelatinous nature, and consists in
adding to the hot size as drained from the bones or other materials a
suitable organic acid such as acetic acid which precipitates chondrin or
ingredients which have a diliquescent or otherwise injurious action.
The precipitated matter is to be carefully filtered out and then dried,
when it constitutes a nitrogenous substance suitable for manurial and
other purposes.
The filtered liquid contains glue and is to be boiled down to a semi-
solid state, cast into cakes, and dried as practised in the ordinary manu-
facture of glue.