CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Davy, of Bradford, in the County of York,
Machine Maker, and William Bentley, also of Bradford, aforesaid, for
the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 30th April 1858, and dated the 30th October 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Davy and William
Bentley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 30th October 1857.
We, JOSEPH DAVY, of Bradford, in the County of York, Machine Maker,
and WILLIAM BENTLEY, also of Bradford, aforesaid, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to "pick-and-pick looms," and consists in adapting
certain new mechanical arrangements thereto for taking two or more "picks"
alternately at each end of the loom, or in such other order as may be required
according to the pattern of the work which is to be produced. For this
purpose we propose to use cams made with sliding noses, and we connect
them with certain mechanism for throwing them either into or out of contact
with the axes of the "pickers," and by these means we are enabled to work
any number of "picks" according to the variations of color in the weft.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Davy and William Bentley in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 30th April 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOSEPH
DAVY, of Bradford, in the County of York, Machine Maker, and WILLIAM
BENTLEY, also of Bradford, aforesaid, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did; for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Joseph Davy and William Bentley, Her special licence that we, the said
Joseph Davy and William Bentley, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said Joseph Davy and William Bentley, our execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Joseph Davy and
William Bentley, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Joseph Davy and William Bentley, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
Our Invention relates to that particular class of looms known and dis-
tinguished as "pick-and-pick " looms, and consists in adapting to such said
looms certain new mechanical arrangements for taking two or more picks
alternately at each end of the loom, or in such other order as may be required
in accordance with the pattern of the work which it is intended to produce.
For this purpose we employ cams made with sliding noses, same being con-
nected with mechanism herein-after fully described for throwing or moving
said sliding noses either into or out of contact with the axes of the "
"picking

page_text: any number or picks according to the variations of color in the weft.
In order to explain our said Invention as completely as possible, we now
proceed to describe the best means we are acquainted with for carrying the
same into practical effect, referénce being had to the illustrative Sheets of
Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the numeral figures and letters of reference
marked thereon respectively, as follows:-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
At Sheet 1, Figure 1 is a back elevation of a loom framing, shewing the
adaptation of our said improvements to a loom working with a "cone-pick;"
Figure 2 is a transverse and vertical section through the line C, D, at
Figure 1; Figure 3, a similar section through the line A, B, at Figure 1;
at Sheet 2, Figure 4 is a horizontal section through the line E, F, at Figure 1.
of Sheet 1; Figure 5 is an elevation of the driving end of the loom; Figures
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, exhibit detached parts (drawn enlarged) herein-after par-
ticularly described and referred to. At each of the foregoing Figures of each
Sheet of Drawings we employ similar letters of reference to denote corre-
sponding parts in so far as such parts appear or can be seen at each of such
said Figures respectively.
At Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, of Sheets 1 and 2, A, A, marks the framing of the
loom; B, the lathe or slay connected thereto by swords, and actuated from the
crank shaft C in the usual way; D, D, are the picking sticks mounted upon
the upright rods or axes of motion E, to which the cones F are connected in
the usual way; G, H, I,. are auxiliary shafts extending across the loom from
end to end thereof; the shaft G is that on which the cams K are fixed for
imparting motion to the picking sticks D, D, for throwing the shuttle or
shuttles across the loom for carrying the weft thread across in the operation of
weaving. The mode heretofore practised of constructing the cams employed
for operating upon the picking sticks has been to make the noses of such said
cams a fixture to the other part of the cam. Now, the peculiar feature of
novelty of this part of our said Invention consists in making the noses L of
such said cams independent of and separate from the other part of each cam,
and to cause such said noses to be slidden into and out of gear with the fixed
part of the cam, so as to operate upon one or other of the cone picks at the
proper time according to the pattern which it is desired to weave. The means
by which we propose to effect the sliding of the noses L, and which we have
found answer well in practice, are as follows:-The sliding noses L are each
connected by bolts and nuts to a boss plate M, see Figures 6, 7, 8, of Sheet 2;

page_text: through the centre of which a hole is bored of the same size as the shaft G,
on which it fits loosely. There is a groove or recess a formed in the part m
of the plate M, into which the prongs of a fork N take; said fork or forks
(there being two) are securely fixed on the rod H, as exhibited at Figure 1 of
Sheet 1, and this rod is supported by brackets O fixed to the cross framing of
the loom, and has liberty of sliding in such said brackets. P, P, are anti-
friction rollers mounted on pins or studs adjusted and fixed upon the rod Hat
proper distances asunder; said pins are employed for sliding the rod H and
forks N, N, backwards and forwards through the agency of the cam wheel Q,
which is made with a curved rim q at each side thereof; the part 1 of said rims
is formed flat, and the parts 2 are formed inclined or sloping, as at Figures 1
and 2. The wheel Q revolves upon a stud or pin 3 fixed in the cross framing 4,
and said cam wheel has teeth formed around its periphery, which take or gear
into a pinion R fixed on the shaft G, so that supposing the wheels Q and R,
and rollers P, P, to be properly adjusted and fixed, it will appear evident that
upon rotary motion being imparted to the shaft G, such motion will be
transmitted to the wheel Q, and have the effect of forcing one of the inclines 1
against one of the rollers P, and thereby push such pin from it, thus causing
the rod G to which the pin is fixed to be moved or slidden endwise, and the
forks N which are thereon will pull one of the sliding noses L away from the
fixed parts K of one cam, and push the other and opposite nose into gear or
contact with the part K of the other cam, so that this last-mentioned nose as
the fixed part of the cam turns round, will thus be brought opposite to the
cone E, and operate thereon one, two, or more times in succession according
as it is required to take two or more picks from either end of the loom.
would here remark, that in order to direct the aforesaid sliding noses in their
proper course, we affix guide pieces b, b, to the fixed cams K, as exhibited at
Figure 10 of Sheet 2, by reference to which said Figure the construction of
the fixed cam and sliding noses will be better understood.
We
In combination with the foregoing mechanical arrangements, we propose to
employ the following convenient method of connecting therewith the well-known
"weft motion" commonly employed for stopping the loom either when the
weft thread breaks, or when the shuttle is empty; for this purpose we employ
a toothed wheel S, the axis whereof is a pin or stud c attached to a casting d,
securely fixed to the cross framing of the loom, as exhibited at Figure 2 of
Sheet 1. The teeth of the wheel S take or gear into a toothed pinion T fixed
on the shaft G.
We also employ pins or studs e adjusted in the face of the
wheel S, which, as such said wheel rotates by the action of the pinion T
thereon, said pins operating upon the curved part of a rod U, impart vibratory

page_text: motion to the catch fat each "beat up of the loom, ready to engage the
hooked piece g, which pulling the rod h shifts the driving strap from the fast
to the loose pulley, when the weft does not lift it out of contact therewith,
which is the well-known principle of this weft motion. And we employ the
following arrangement for actuating the mechanism employed (and patented
on the 23rd Feby. 1857, No. 535, by John Milnes and William Thompson,)
in pick-and-pick looms, for alternately lifting up and keeping down the weft
at each shoot of the shuttle, that is to say, we employ a vibrating lever W,
one end of which is connected by a pin or stud to a casting i, fixed to the
cross framing of the loom, as exhibited at Figure 2 of Sheet 1; the other end
of the lever W is connected by a chain 5 to the vibrating fork 6, employed
for raising and keeping down the weft as before stated, and the raising and
lowering of the said fork is effected at the proper periods of time by a cam 7
fixed on the shaft G, and a check spring at 8.
We now proceed to describe the manner in which we arrange, connect, and
operate upon the shuttle boxes for presenting one or other of the shuttles
therein to the action of the pickers as follows:-We employ shuttle boxes of
the construction described and represented in the Specification of a former
Patent dated the Tenth day of March 1856, No. 586, granted to Joseph Davy
and John Milnes, where it will be seen that such said boxes move upon a
centre or axis, and have alternate circular motion imparted thereto.
In our present improvements we employ two of such said boxes, **, one at
each end of the loom, and we connect them together by means of the shaft I
and levers and rods X, X, k, l, exhibited more particularly at Figures 1 and 4*
of Sheets 1 and 2 of the Drawings hereunto annexed: The lever X is a bell-
crank lever fixed on one end of the shaft I; the arm of this said lever. has.
a stud fixed thereinto, on which is placed an antifriction roller 10, which fits.
into a grooved recess or channel w formed in the cam Z (the .construction of
which will be better understood by referring to Figure 9 of Sheet 2); the other
army of the lever X is connected by the rods to the lever k, for operating
upon the curved inclines m, for imparting alternate circular motion to the
shuttle boxes, as fully described in the Specification of the said former Patent.
of the 10th March 1856, No. 586. The lever or arm X³ is fixed upon the
opposite end of the shaft I, and also connected by rods to the shuttle box, as
before described. The cam Z is securely fixed upon the shaft G, so that as
said shaft rotates, the said cam has the effect of imparting a rocking move-
ment to the bell-crank lever X, thereby presenting the desired shuttle in a
line with the shuttle race at the proper time, and simultaneously placing the
empty shuttle box situate at the other end of the loom in proper position to

page_text: receive such said shuttle after it has been thrown across by the action of the
picker. In order to prevent breakage of the mechanism when the shuttle
box meets with any obstruction to its proper movement, we form the arm x of
the bell-crank lever X jointed, and adjust a spring 11 thereto, sufficiently
strong to keep this arm straight under ordinary circumstances. It is also
necessary at each pick of the loom that the pickers 12 be drawn out of the
shuttle boxes to allow such said boxes to turn freely on their axes; this we
effect by means of levers n placed on a stud o fixed to the casting 13; the
upper end of these levers are connected to the pickers by a strap p, and to
the lower end of such said levers a spring g of vulcanized india-rubber or other
suitable material is affixed and held fast by the casting 13. To prevent the
cones of the pickers from striking against the fixed cams after each pick,
we employ a stop piece r (covered with leather) fixed to the end framings of
the loom, as exhibited at Figure 2 of Sheet 1, and we fix a piece of metal s
on the axis E of the picking sticks, so that after the nose L of the cam has
left the cone, the piece s coming into contact with the stop piece r thus prevents
the cone from striking the cam K. In operating with a pick-and-pick loom
constructed as above described, two or more picks may be taken from either
end of the loom by simply taking care to make the diameters of the cam wheel
Qand pinion R, so that such pinion shall perform two, three, or more entire
revolutions to one revolution of the cam Q, according to the number of picks
to be taken before the nose of the cam is slidden on the rod H, as before
described. The axis of the cam wheel Q should be capable of being adjusted
in the casting 4 to suit pinions of different diameters, and for conveniece of
adjusting such pinion, as also the pinion T, and for disengaging them from the
shaft G without removing the said shaft for that purpose. We propose to
form such said pinions in two parts, and bolt them together as exhibited.
Having now fully described and set forth the nature and object of our said
Invention of "Certain Improvements in Looms for Weaving," together with
the best means we are acquainted with for carrying the same into practical
effect, we would remark in conclusion, that we hereby declare our Invention
to consist in, and we claim,-
First, constructing cams with sliding noses L, L, as above particularly
described and represented by the Drawing hereunto annexed, and for the
purposes set forth.
Secondly, we claim the parts marked n, o, p, q, at Figures 1 and 5 of Sheets
1 and 2 of the annexed Drawings, for the purpose of withdrawing the pickers
from the shuttle boxes at "each "beat-up" of the loom, to enable the said
shuttle boxes to be turned freely upon their axes as required.

page_text: Thirdly, we claim the parts marked I, X, X', k, l, m, at Figures 1, 4, 5, of
Sheets 1 and 2 of the annexed Drawings, for connecting the shuttle boxes
together, and for operating upon them simultaneously as above stated.
Fourthly, and lastly, we claim the general combination and arrangement of
the several parts described under the first, second, and third claims, and the
adaptation thereof to pick-and-pick looms as above stated.
In witness whereof, we, the said Joseph Davy and William Bentley,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-seventh day of
April, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
eight
Witness,
BENJAMIN DEWHIRST,
Bradford.
JOSEPH DAVY.
(L.S.)
WILLIAM BENTLEY. (L.S.)