IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL FLOOR AND OTHER TILES, BRICKS, SLABS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick George Sanders, of Poole, in the County
of Dorset, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
ORNAMENTAL FLOOR AND OTHER TILES, BRICKS, SLABS, AND OTHER SIMILAR
ARTICLES."
Sealed the 30th December 1856, and dated the 1st July 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick George Sanders
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st July 1856.
I, FREDERICK GEORGE SANDERS, of Poole, in the County of Dorset, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL FLOOR AND OTHER TILES, BRICKS, SLABS, AND OTHER
SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention of improvements in the manufacture of ornamental floor and
other tiles, bricks, slabs, and other similar articles, consists in making squares
or other forms of pulverized clay of different colours, then placing, then
together so as to form a pattern wholly or in part; in that state (that is to say,
before being fired,) they are placed in a metal or other strong mould, and the
whole consolidated by pressure so as to form one tile, the said squares or other
shapes forming either a part or whole of the thickness of the article; the tile
or other article is then fired in the ordinary manner.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Frederick George Sanders in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 1st January 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
GEORGE SANDERS, of Poole, in the County of Dorset, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Frederick George Sanders, Her special licence that I, the said Frederick
George Sanders, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Frederick George Sanders, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the terin therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL FLOOR AND OTHER TILES,
BRICKS, SLABS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Frederick George Sanders, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick George Sanders, do hereby
déclare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My Invention of improvements in the manufacture of ornamental floor.
and other tiles, bricks, slabs, and other similar articles, consists in modes,
herein-after described, of making them. of pulverized clay in various colours or
designs to render them applicable to decorative and ornamental purposes, by
combining pulverized clay of different colours in such manner that the manu
factured articles will have a variegated or ornamental appearance given to
them by the particular arrangement of the materials of which they are com-
posed. To form tiles, bricks, slabs, or other articles of an ornamental character,
I make a number of squares, or other suitable figure or figures, adapted to
the design I wish to form; these squares or other figures are made of variously

page_text: colored pulverized clay, compressed in moulds by means of machines such as
are in use for pressing pulverized clay. A number of these squares or
other figures are put together in such manner as to form the desired geo-
metrical or other ornamental figure; this is then placed in à strong mould and
subjected to powerful pressure, by which the whole is consolidated into one
mass.. A modification of the method above described of making figured or:
ornamental tiles, slabs, or bricks, consists in making on the article of pulverized
clay an indentation or recess, within which is placed one or more clays in a
pulverized state, or pieces of coloured clay pressed to a form corresponding
thereto, forming an ornamental design. By this mode of manufacture, the
indentation or recess in the tile, slab, or brick, forms the mould, by which the-
colored clay or separate pieces of colored clay are made to produce the orna-
mental design, and the whole being subjected to a second compression,. is
thereby formed into one solid mass ready for firing. By the foregoing method
of manufacturing bricks, tiles, slabs, and other similar articles with ornamental:
designs formed thereon, much labor is saved in laying or paving with them,
compared with the tedious process of forming a pattern or design of a number.
of very small pieces.. In some cases a complete design is formed upon a single
tile, slab, or brick, forming a. series of similar patterns; but where a large or:
bolder design is required, it is made up of a number of tiles, slabs, or other
articles, each of which. has a portion of the complete' figure formed upon.it.
When it is desired to. form a. stratum only of the colored clays, the. colored:
clay or clays, or pieces which are to form the surface or upper stratum of the
tile, slab, or other article, are made as thin as may be required, and placed in
their proper order in a suitable mould which is filled up with pulverized clay
to make the tile or other article of the required thickness or strength, and the
whole being subjected to pressure is thereby consolidated. Where the orna-
mental design is formed of pieces of clay, whether constituting the whole or
part of the thickness of the title or other article, previous to its receiving the
second pressure, I prefer arranging the pieces upon a smooth plate, and
placing the plate with the pieces upon it in the mould to receive the pressure.
The next part of my Invention consists in printing upon paper or other suitable
material with an adhesive substance a design or ornamental figure, on which
is scattered coloured clays; this paper with the colored matters adhering to the
part so printed is placed in the mould, which is then filled up with another
description of clay, and being subjected to pressure a portion of the colored
clay adhering to the printing material is transferred to the tile or other article,
which is then ready for firing.
In making tiles from pulverized clay much loss is incurred by cracks which

page_text: appear when the articles are fired; to remedy this evil, I make either the
upper top or the lower piston slightly concave, commencing from the outside
to the centre.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of carrying
the same into practical effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine
myself to the precise mode of procedure herein-before described, as the same
may be varied without departing from the Invention, and that I make no
claim to the manufacture of bricks, tiles, or other similar articles of pulverized
clay when made of one color only; neither do I claim the manufacture of
such articles in various colors when made. of plastic clay or clays; but what
I claim, and desire to secure under the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent, is,
-
Firstly, the different modes, herein-before described, of making tiles, bricks,
slabs, and other similar articles, by the combination of suitable figures placed
in order to form the required design, whether such figures form the whole or
part of the thickness of the article, and subjected to a second pressure as herein-
before described, or any mere modification thereof.
Secondly, I claim the manufacture of ornamental tiles, bricks, slabs, or other
similar articles, by transferring colored clays from a printed design, as herein-
before described.
Thirdly, I claim the improvement above described for preventing the crack-
ing of tiles, bricks, slabs, and other similar articles when fired.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick George Sanders, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
FREDE & SANDERS Gol