IMPROVEMENTS IN CALORIC MOTOR ENGINES TO BE WORKED BY A SIMULTANEOUS COMBUSTION OF Gas PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Charles Fleeming Jenkin, of No. 3, Great Stuart
Street, in the City of Edinburgh, Professor of Engineering in Edinburgh
University, and Alexander Chalmers Jameson, of No. 1, Gillespie Crescent,
Edinburgh, Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CALORIC
MOTOR ENGINES TO BE WORKED BY A SIMULTANEOUS COMBUSTION OF Gas
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Charles Fleeming
Jenkin and Alexander Chalmers Jameson at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents on the 17th March 1881.
H
HENRY CHARLES FLEEMING JENKIN, of No. 3, Great Stuart Street, in the City
of Edinburgh, Professor of Engineering in Edinburgh University, and ALEXANDER
CHALMERS JAMESON, of No. 1, Gillespie Crescent, Edinburgh, Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CALORIC MOTOR ENGINES TO BE WORKED BY A SIMULTANEOUS
COMBUSTION OF GAS AND FUEL, OR TEMPORARILY OF EITHER.”
The nature and object of our Invention is to produce a caloric motor engine of
the general type of the solid fuel engine and gas engine respectively described
by us in our Provisional Specifications, No. 1078, dated Twelfth March, A.D. 1881,
and No. 1130, dated 16th March, A.D. 1881, but so arranged that certain forms of
fuel may be economically employed therein, which cannot be conveniently employed
in the said solid fuel engine or gas engine. Some coals cannot be conveniently
burnt in our solid fuel engine in consequence of the production of an excessive
quantity of slag, and sometimes also in consequence of the production of other
matters tending to clog the strainers and choke up other passages in our engines,
and there are certain forms of solid fuel, so difficult of combustion by themselves
that they are not convenient for use in our solid fuel engine.
These forms of coal, which produce slag and other deposits tending to clog the
engine as aforesaid, are first to be treated by any of the known processes by which
coke and combustible gas giving rise to no injurious deposits may be produced
therefrom. The coke and gas are then as a rule burnt simultaneously in the grate

page_text: or furnace of the engine, air being thrown in along with the gas in the same way
as in our gas engine, but with a larger proportion of air in the mixture to effect
the combustion of the solid fuel as well as of the gas.
In the case of coals or other solid fuels which are difficult of combustion but
which do not yield any considerable quantity of combustible hydrocarbon gases, or
are from other reasons not suitable for being subjected to the foresaid preliminary
treatment for separating them into coke and combustible gas, they are burnt in the
grate along with a suitable mixture of combustible gas and air thrown into the
grate as in our gas engine.
The engine employed for this purpose consists essentially of the following
parts:-
First. The grate, which is similar in general construction to that of our solid
fuel engine with its adjuncts, as described in the Provisional Specification
accompanying our petition for Letters Patent, No. 1078, A.D. 1881.
Second. The air and gas pump or pumps and tuyeres similar in general con-
struction to those of our gas engine, as described in the Provisional Specification
accompanying our petition for Letters Patent, No. 1130, A.D. 1881.
Third. The solid fuel feeder employed to supply the grate with coke or other
solid fuel as described in our said Provisional Specification, No. 1078, A.D. 1881.
Fourth. The equilibrating arrangement similar to that employed in our two
previous Inventions, as described in our before mentioned Provisional Specifications,
Nos. 1078 and 1130, A.D. 1881.
The tuyères for the admission of the gas and air are placed so that the
combined gas and air to be burnt shall pass through a certain thickness of the coke
or other solid fuel. The air must in this combination be considerably in excess of
that required for the simple combustion of the gas. The gas and air may also in
this engine be thrown in through separate tuyères, mixing and combining while
passing through the coke or other solid fuel.
Other essential parts of the combination are those parts of the ordinary Stirling
engine which are incorporated with the present arrangement, in the same way as in
the preceding Inventions described in our said Provisional Specifications, Nos. 1078
and 1130, A.D. 1881. All, or one, or more of the parts described or mentioned
in our said two previous Provisional Specifications may in the present engine be
combined with those herein before named, making a series of combinations which
are novel.
The engine may be worked temporarily as a gas engine by throwing in gas and
air in such proportions as combine, leaving no free oxygen to consume the coke, or
the non-volatile portion of other solid fuel employed. Or it may be worked
temporarily as a solid fuel engine by employing air alone through the tuyères
instead of gas and air.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said. Henry Charles Fleeming Jenkin and Alexander Chalmers
Jameson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th September 1881.
HENRY CHARLES FLEEMING JENKIN, of No. 3, Great Stuart Street, in the City
of Edinburgh, Professor of Engineering in Edinburgh University, and ALEXANDER
CHALMERS JAMESON, of No. 1, Gillespie Crescent, Edinburgh, Engineer. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CALORIC MOTOR ENGINES TO BE WORKED BY A SIMULTANEOUS
COMBUSTION OF GAS AND FUEL, OR TEMPORARILY OF EITHER.'
"
The nature and object of our Invention is to produce a caloric motor engine of
the general type of and substantially with the same action as the solid fuel engine
and. gas engine respectively described by us in our Provisional Specifications,
No. 1078, dated 12th March, in the year of our Lord 1881, and No. 1180, dated
16th March, in the year of our Lord 1881, and in the Complete Specifications filed,
or about to be filed by us in connection therewith, but so arranged that certain
forms of fuel may be economically employed therein, which cannot be conveniently
employed in the said solid fuel engine or gas engine.
Some coals cannot be conveniently burnt in our solid fuel engine, in consequence
of the production of an excessive quantity of slag, and sometimes also in consequence
of the production of other matters tending to clog the strainers and choke up other
passages in our engines, and there are certain forms of solid fuel so difficult of
combustion by themselves that they are not convenient for use in our solid fuel
engine.
These forms of coal, which produce slag and other deposits tending to clog the
engine as aforesaid, are first to be treated by any of the known processes by which
coke and combustible gas giving rise to no injurious deposits may be produced
therefrom. The coke and gas are then as a rule burnt simultaneously in the grate
or furnace of the engine which forms the subject of this Specification, air being
thrown in along with the gas in the same way as in our gas engine, but with a
larger proportion of air in the mixture to effect the combustion of the solid fuel as
well as of the gas.
In the case of coals or other solid fuels which are difficult of combustion, but
which do not yield any considerable quantity of combustible hydro-carbon gases,
or are from other reasons not suitable for being subjected to the foresaid preliminary
treatment for separating them into coke and combustible gas; they are burnt in
the grate of our present engine along with a suitable mixture of combustible gas
and air thrown into the grate, as in our gas engine.
The engine employed for this purpose consists essentially in having the following
distinctive combination of parts combined with all or some, as hereinafter mentioned
of the parts hereinafter mentioned.
First. The grate, which is similar in general construction to that of our solid fuel
engine with its adjuncts, as described in the Provisional Specification accompanying
our petition for Letters Patent, No. 1078, A.D. 1881, and in the Complete
Specification filed or to be filed in connection therewith.
Second. The air and gas pump or pumps, and tuyeres similar in general con-
struction to those of our gas engine, as described in the Provisional Specification
accompanying our petition for Letters Patent, No. 1130, A.D. 1881, and in the
Complete Specification filed or to be filed in connection therewith.
The tuyers for the admission of the gas and air are placed so that the combined
gas and air to be burnt shall pass through a certain thickness of the coke or other.

page_text: solid fuel. The air must in this combination be considerably in excess of that
required for the simple combustion of the gas. The gas and air may also in this
engine be thrown in through separate tuyeres mixing and combining while
passing through the coke or other solid fuel.
Third. The solid fuel feeder employed to supply the grate with coke or other
solid fuel, as described in our said Provisional Specification, No. 1078, in the year
of our Lord 1881, and in the Complete Specification filed or to be filed in con-
nection therewith.
Fourth. The equilibrating arrangement, similar to that employed in our two
previous Inventions, as described in our before mentioned Provisional Specifications,
Nos. 1078 and 1130, in the year of our Lord 1881, and in the Complete Specifi-
cations filed or to be filed in connection therewith.
Other essential parts of the combination which constitutes our present engine,
even in its simplest form, are the ordinary parts of the Stirling engine not
superseded or replaced by the parts, arrangements, or details hereinbefore mentioned,
videlicet, the main displacer vessel, refrigerator, regenerator, working cylinder, and
parts of the ordinary Stirling engine, other than its external furnace. These are
incorporated with any of the arrangements constituting the present Invention in
the same way as in the preceding Inventions described in our said Provisional and
Complete Specifications, Nos. 1078 and 1130, in the year of our Lord 1881. All or
one or more of the further parts described or mentioned in our said two previous
Provisional and Complete Specifications may in the present engine be combined
with those parts hereinbefore mentioned, making a series of combinations, each of
which is novel.
The engine may be worked temporarily as a gas engine by throwing in gas and
air in such proportions as combine, leaving no free oxygen to consume the coke, or
the non-volatile portion of other solid fuel employed, the heat of which will suffice
for a considerable period to ignite the mixture of gas and air entering. Or it may
be worked temporarily as a solid fuel engine by employing air alone through the
tuyeres, instead of gas and air.
What we have said in our said two previous Provisional Specifications and the
Complete Specifications connected therewith as to the action of the engines therein
described, and as to the starting and stopping of the same, as also what we have
said as to the arrangements for preventing the inconvenience of negative moments
therein, is applicable substantially to the engines hereinbefore described with such
modifications as will be obvious to any engineer, due to the more or less complete
form in which any particular engine is constructed, and to the differences between
the present engines and those described in our other two Specifications beforė
mentioned.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and the best methods we are
acquainted with of performing the same, we wish to say that we claim,-
The caloric motor engine herein before described, being an engine, the cycle of
whose operations is in the main that of the Stirling engine, but which differs from
the Stirling engine in the internal combustion under pressure of solid and gaseous
fuel simultaneously, or as may be desired of either fuel temporarily or by turns, all
as hereinbefore described, and which is for the purpose of effecting such combustion
of both kinds of fuel together, or of either at will as aforesaid provided with the
three parts, arrangements, or details herein before described or referred to, viz.:-
(1), the grate with its adjuncts; (2), the air and gas pump or pumps and tuyeres;
and (3), the solid fuel feeder, all as herein before in the places of our previous
Specifications herein before referred to described, and which engine is a combination
with the main displacer, vessel, regenerator, refrigerator, working cylinder and
ordinary parts of a Stirling engine, other than its external furnace, and with the
said three arrangements for effecting the said combustion, and with any equili-
brating arrangement, such as is herein before referred to under head 4th, as described
under the Specifications of our Letters Patent, Nos. 1078 and 1130, A.D. 1881, of

page_text: any one or more of the further parts, arrangements, or details which enter into any
of the combinations claimed by us as motor engines in either of the two Complete
Specifications filed by us in pursuance respectively of our said Letters Patent,
No. 1078 and No. 1130, A.D. 1881.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Chalmers Jameson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Seventh day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty-one.
ALEX. C. JAMESON. (L.S.)