IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING PETROLINE AND OTHER LIQUID HYDROCARBUND, AND IN FOR THE SAID LAMPS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Hinks, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick. Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
FOR BURNING PETROLINE AND OTHER LIQUID HYDROCARBUND, AND IN
FOR THE SAID LAMPS."
SUPPO
OPPURID
Sealed the 1st November 1860, and dated the 22nd May 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Hinks at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
May 1860.
I, JAMES HINKS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LAMPS FOR BURNING PETROLINE AND OTHER LIQUID HYDROCARBONS, AND IN SUPPORTS
FOR THE SAID LAMPS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the improvements herein-after described, in lamps
for burning petroline and other liquid hydrocarbons, that is to say, the volatile
inflammable liquids obtained by distillation from coal and other carbonaceous
matter. The liquids, to the burning of which my improvements are specially
applicable, are those known in commerce as petroline, belmontine, photogen,
and the heavy oils obtained during the distillation of these liquids.
My Invention consists, firstly, in placing the cone or deflector, by which a
current of air is made to impinge on the exterior of the flame, at a point below
the level of the top of the wick case. The said cone is ordinarily placed above
or on a level with the top of the wick case; by placing it below the top of the
wick case a brilliant flame is obtained without the shadow produced when the
said cone is placed higher.

page_text: My Invention consists, secondly, in supporting the wick holder in the axis
of the wick case 'by means of a dovetail on the said holder engaging in a
dovetail slide in the wick case. The rack by which the holder is raised is
formed so as to constitute the said dovetail.
By this method of construction the wick holder is supported without the
assistance of the central tube which conveys air to the interior of the flame.
Instead of a dovetail I sometimes effect the same object by the use of two
rack guides instead of the one ordinarily employed.
My Invention consists, thirdly, in supporting the lamps in a case or support
made in two parts joined by a perforated band, or made in one piece, and so
perforated as to admit a plentiful supply of air up the central tube of the lamp.
The lamp is thereby supported at a convenient height by means of a support,
which, when the lamp is removed, may be used as a flower vase, or for other
like purposes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said James Hinks in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
19th November 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
HINKS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
James Hinks, Her special licence that I, the said James Hinks, my execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Hinks,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LAMPS FOR BURNING PETROLINE AND OTHER LIQUID HYDROCARBONS, AND IN SUPPORTS
FOR THE SAID LAMPS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James
Hinks, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
'my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was

page_text: to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said.
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Hinks, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described and illus-
trated in the accompanying Drawing, in lamps for burning petroline and other
liquid hydrocarbons, that is to say, the volatile inflammable liquids obtained by
distillation from coal and other carbonaceous matter, and in supports for the
said lamps.
The liquids, to the burning of which my improvements are specially appli-
cable, are those known in commerce as petroline, belmontine, photogen, and
the heavy oils obtained during the distillation of these liquids.
My Invention consists, firstly, in placing the cone or deflector by which a
current of air is made to impinge on the exterior of the flame at a point below
the level of the top of the wick case. The said cone is ordinarily placed above
or on a level with the top of the wick case. By placing it below the top of the
wick case a brilliant flame is obtained without the shadow produced when the
said cone is placed higher; and the tendency of the flame to smoke is
diminished.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing represents in elevation a portion of
a.lamp made according to the first part of my Invention, and Figure 2 repre-
sents a vertical section of the same. The said Figures 1 and 2 also contain the
mechanism herein-after described, and constituting the second part of my
Invention. The same letters indicate the same parts in the several figures.
a is the cone or deflector fixed to the gallery 6 in the usual manner. The
said cone or deflector a is situated slightly below the level of the top or nozzle
c of the wick case d, as represented in Figures 1 and 2. By the position repre-
sented of the cone or deflector a, it deflects the current of air on to the exterior
of the flame without producing the shadow which would be produced were the
said cone or deflector placed higher or on the same level as the top of the
wick case, as in the ordinary cone or deflector.
Although I have only described and represented the cone or deflector in
connection with an argand wick, yet this part of my Invention may be applied
to the deflectors of wicks of other forms.
.
My Invention consists, secondly, in supporting the wickholder in the axis
of the wick case, by means of a dovetail or flat plate on the said holder

page_text: engaging in, a dovetail or other slide in the wick case.
This part of my
Invention is illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 of the Drawing.
d, Figures 1 and 2, is the wick case, shown separately in vertical section in
Figures 3 and plan, in Figure 4, the said section Figure 3 being taken in a
plane at right angles to that in which the section Figure 2 is taken; e is the
wickholder, around, which the wick f is situated, which said wickholder slides
in the wick case d in the manner herein-after described. The wickholder e is
shown separately in side elevation in Figure 5, front elevation in Figure 6,
and plan in Figure 7. On the said holder e a dovetail or bent plate g is
soldered at h, h, or connected thereto in any other way. The dovetail or
plate g carries the rack i, by means of which the wickholder is raised or
lowered in the wick case as is well understood. I fix on the interior of the
wick case a dovetail slide k, k, in which said slide the dovetail or plate g
engages and works. On the said wick case d, and near to one of the bars k
forming the dovetail, a flat bar 7 is placed against which the rack i bears when
raised or lowered, the said bar 7 acting as a guide to and steadying the motion
of the wickholder. The bars k, k, forming the dovetail and the bar / may be
fixed to the case d by soldering or otherwise. The wickholder e is raised or
Jowered by turning in one or other direction the pinion m by its axis n, the
said pinion thereby raises or lowers the rack i and parts connected with it.
Instead of forming a dovetail-shaped slide by means of the bars k, k, as
represented in the Drawing, I sometimes use in place of the said bars two flat
bars, similar to ordinary rack guides, between which the plate carrying the
rack and wickholder slides; but I prefer the method of carrying this part
of my Invention into effect herein first described and illustrated in the
Drawing.
By constructing the wick case and holder in the manner described, the said
wickholder is supported without the assistance of the central tube which
conveys air to the interior of the flame.
My Invention consists, thirdly, in supporting the lamps in a case or support
made in two parts joined by a perforated band, or made in one piece, and so
perforated as to admit a plentiful supply of air up the central tube of the
lamp. The lamp is thereby supported at a convenient height by means of a
support which, when the lamp is removed, may be used as a flower vase or for
other purpose.
Figure 8 represents in elevation a support with a lamp supported therein
made according to my Invention. The said support is hollow and made in
two pieces o, p, the upper part o supporting the lamp 9. The two parts of the
support o, p, are connected together by the perforated metal band r through

page_text: the perforations, in which the air passes to the central tube of the lamp. Or
the support o, p, may be made in one piece, and perforated with holes at the
part marked r. Perforations in addition to those at r may be made in the
support when required, but I have found in practice that the perforations at q
are sufficient for all ordinary purposes. The support may be made of metal,
glass, china, or other suitable material, and may have any ornamental
figure.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit
myself to the precise details herein described and illustrated, as the same may
be varied without departing from the nature of my Invention; but I claim as
my Invention,
Firstly, the improvement in the cone or deflector of lamps for burning
petroline and other liquid hydrocarbons, berein-before described and illustrated
in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawing, that is to say, placing the
said cone or deflector by which a current of air is made to impinge upon the
exterior of the flame at a point below the level of the top or nozzle of the
wick case, thereby preventing a shadow from the said deflector and creating a
more brilliant flame.
Secondly, the improvements in supporting the wickholders of lamps burning
petroline and other liquid bydrocarbons, herein-before described and illustrated
in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 of the accompanying Drawing, that is to say,
supporting the said wickholders by means of a dovetail or plate on the said
holder engaging in a dovetail slide in the wick case, or supporting the said
dovetail or plate between two rack guides.
Thirdly, the improvement in supports for lamps burning petroline and other
liquid hydrocarbons, herein-before described and illustrated in Figure 8 of the
accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Hinks, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw.
JAMES HINKS. (L.S.)