IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF HEATING CYLINDRICAL OR OTHER SURFACES USED FOR MANGLING, CALENDERING, OR IRONING TEXTILE OR OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Bradford, of Fleet Street, in the City
of London, and of Cathedral Steps, in the City of Manchester,
Laundry Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MEANS OF HEATING CYLINDRICAL OR OTHER SURFACES USED FOR MANGLING,
CALENDERING, OR IRONING TEXTILE OR OTHER FABRICS."
Sealed the 6th September 1872, and dated the 13th March 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Bradford at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 13th March 1872.
I, THOMAS BRADFORD, of Fleet Street, in the City of London, and
of Cathedral Steps, in the City of Manchester, Laundry Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MEANS OF HEATING CYLINDRICAL OR OTHER SURFACES USED FOR MANGLING,
CALENDERING, OR IRONING TEXTILE OR OTHER FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention, which relates to simple and effective means for heating
cylindrical, curvilinear, angular, flat, or other surfaces to be used for

page_text: mangling, calendering, or ironing textile or other fabrics, consists of
applying to and employing in mangling, calendering, or such like
machines one or more chambers or passages of suitable construction
into and through which atmospheric air is to be drawn and propelled.
by fan blast, which air is to be mixed therein with gas and then dis-
tributed into one or more perforated pipes fixed inside a revolving
cylinder or stationary heating surface, whether curvilinear, angular, flat,
or of any other convenient shape or form.
The admixture of air and gas will be supplied to each perforated pipe
or series of burners in such pipes by separate valves, so arranged and
indicated or marked as to regulate the proper quantity of prepared or
mixed air and gas, and the pipe or burners will be so arranged that a
perfectly steady and more intense blue flame with a minimum of the
usual black deposit of imperfect combustion always so objectionable can
be directed upon the whole or any part of the periphery of the said
cylinder or other heating surface, and by these means a minimum or
maximum of heat will be obtained according to the nature of the fabric
to be operated upon.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Bradford in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 13th September 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
BRADFORD, of Fleet Street, in the City of London, and of Cathedral
Steps, in the City of Manchester, Laundry Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Thomas Bradford, Her special licence,
that I, the said Thomas Bradford, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas Bradford, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make,, usc, exercise, and vend,

page_text: within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS
OF HEATING CYLINDRICAL OR OTHER SURFACES USED FOR MANGLING, CALENDERING,
OR IRONING TEXTILE OR OTHER FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Thomas Bradford, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said.
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Bradford, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement in writing, and on reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to simple and effective means for heating
| cylindrical, curvilinear, angular, flat, or other surfaces to be used for
mangling, calendering, or ironing textile or other fabrics, is illustrated
on the accompanying Drawings as applied to a calendering machine and
in its most simple form.
Figure 1 represents an elevation of one side of the machine; Figure 2,
a partial and sectional elevation of the front (through a-b, Figure 1);
Figure 3, a partial elevation of the other side; and Figure 4, a vertical
transverse section of the calendering rollers.
The Invention consists in applying to and employing in this and other
machines for the above-mentioned and other similar purposes one or
more chambers or passages of suitable construction into and through
which atmospheric air is drawn and propelled by fan blast, and mixed
therein with gas and distributed therefrom into one or more perforated
pipes fixed inside the revolving or stationary calendering or other heating
surface.
The admixture of air and gas is supplied to the said pipe or pipes
(the perforations of which may be supplied with jets or burners) by
tubing supplied with ordinary gas cocks, by which the proper quantity
of prepared or mixed air and gas supplied thereto is regulated. The

page_text: pipe or pipes (or Jets or burners unerem) are arranged according
number used, so that a perfectly steady and more intense blue flame
(with a minimum of the usual and objectionable black deposit of
imperfect combustion) can be directed upon the whole or any part
of the inner periphery of the said cylinder or other heating surface
by which means a maximum or minimum of heat can be obtained
according to the nature of the fabric to be operated upon, and as a
further advantage the difficulty hitherto experienced of obviating the
defects of the continual chill caused by operating upon damp fabrics
is overcome.
.
1 represents the chamber or passage, by preference formed in one
casting with the blast fan 2, and bolted to the framework 3 of the machine,
and held in position by bolts 4. The fan is operated by a cord 5 passing
round pulleys 6, 7, the latter of which may be actuated by manual
labor by a handle 8 or by a belt 9 driven from suitable shafting and
acting on a clutch pulley 10, which can be put in and out of gear
by a clutch lever 11 and its clutch 12. The air is drawn by the
action of the fan through the openings 13, and propelled through the
passage (or passages) 1, where it mixes with the gas together with
the latter into the perforated pipe (or pipes) 14, which as above men-
tioned are suitably arranged within the cylinder 17 or under the other
heating surface according to their number; Figure 5 as an illustration
shows a suitable arrangement for three. The gas enters the passage
through the pipe 16, which may be put in communication with any gas
supplying arrangement by means of india-rubber or other piping or
tubing provided with cocks or valves suitably arranged to control the
supply of gas.
1
Having now described the nature and object of my said Invention for
"Improvements in the Means of Heating Cylindrical or other Surfaces
used for Mangling, Calendering, or Ironing Textile or other Fabrics,"
together with the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed
or carried into practical effect, I would remark in conclusion that I
claim as my Invention, the improved means of heating cylindrical or
other surfaces used for mangling, calendering, or ironing textile or other
fabrics and the application of the same to and employment thereof in
machines used for such and similar purposes (one modification of which
is illustrated on the accompanying Drawings as applied to a calendering |

page_text: machine), substantially as above described and in such manner as is
illustrated on the accompanying Drawings, or any mere modification or
variation of the construction or application thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Bradford, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Tenth day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
THOMAS BRADFORD. (L.S.)
Witness,
BRISTOW HUNT,
Solicitor and Patent Agent,
1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn.