IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS OR MACHINES FOR CRUSHING OR REDUCING VEGETABLE AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, FOR OBTAINING JUICES AND FIBRES THEREFROM AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Edward Newton of the Office for Patents
66 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex Civil Engineer for an Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS OR MACHINES FOR CRUSHING OR REDUCING
VEGETABLE AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, FOR OBTAINING JUICES AND FIBRES
THEREFROM AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES,"-communicated to him from abroad
by The International Fibre and Juice Extracting Company (Incorporated) of
the City and State of New York, United States of America
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th September 1883.
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON of the Office for Patents 66 Chancery Lane in the
County of Middlesex Civil Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS OR MACHINES
FOR CRUSHING OR REDUCING VEGETABLE AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, FOR OBTAINING
JUICES AND FIBRES THEREFROM, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES."-[communicated to
him from abroad by The International Fibre and Juice Extracting Company
(Incorporated) of the City and State of New York, United States of America]
The invention relates to mills or machines in which the crushing or reducing is
performed by pressure between a rotary circular or nearly circular part or cylinder
and a concave or bed of approximately semi circular form which is either fixed or
capable of a short to and fro or oscillating motion as the circular part or cylinder
rotates.
The invention consists in the novel combination with a concave or bed having a
grooved fluted or otherwise roughened surface of a rotary part or cylinder having
depressions or recesses in its periphery and having the intervening portions greater
in extent than the depressions or recesses and formed with fluted or roughened
faces which are concentric with the face of the concave or bed. The depressions or
recesses form pockets for the reception of material to be operated on and when
D...Ali

page_text: these pockets are brought by the rotation of the cylinder to the edge of the concavé
or bed material may be readily introduced.
With the concave or bed and rotary part or cylinder above described there are
or may be also combined a pair of crushing rolls between which the material to be
operated on is first passed and subjected to a preliminary crushing or reducing
operation which enables the concave or bed and rotary part or cylinder to operate
upon it to better advantage.
There are or may be also combined with the above described concave or bed and
rotary part or cylinder a pair of pressing or delivery rolls arranged considerably
above the lower portion of the concave or bed and by which the fibrous or other
crushed or reduced material is pressed as it leaves the concave or bed to express
the juice therefrom.
Either of or both the aforesaid crushing rolls and pressing or delivery rolls may be
employed the substance or material to be operated upon being fed to the crushing
rolls over a feed board and delivered from the pressing and delivery rolls over an
inclined delivery board.
The invention also consists in the combination with the cylinder or rotary part
and the concave or bed of a driving shaft gearing whereby motion is transmitted
from the driving shaft to said cylinder; arms or levers which are fulcrumed on
said driving shaft and at their outer ends carry the bearings of the cylinder;
adjustable stops which limit the movement of said arms or levers in a direction to
carry the cylinder towards the face of the concave or bed; springs applied to said
arms or levers and means for adjusting said springs to hold the said cylinder or
rotary part with a graduated and yielding pressure against movement in a direction
away from the concave or bed.
The invention also consists in the combination with a cylinder having a rotary
motion continuously in one direction of an oscillating concave or bed arranged
below the cylinder and extending upwards on both sides thereof, the said concave
or bed preferably having a yielding connection with the shaft or journals of the
cylinder, so as to operate on material with a yielding pressure.
The invention also includes means employed to support the concave or bed and
to operate both it and the cylinder. These means consist of a driving shaft ; levers
attached to the concave or bed fulcrumed on the shaft or journals of the cylinder
and extending towards the driving shaft; excentrics on the driving shaft and
excentric rods connected with the aforesaid levers for oscillating them, and the
concave or bed and gearing for imparting a continuous rotary motion from the said
driving shaft to the cylinder.
The invention also includes means employed for adjusting the above described
concave or bed towards and from the cylinder, said means consisting of collars
fitted upon the shaft or journals of the cylinder and entering or arranged in yokes
or large openings in the levers just referred to and set screws inserted through
these yokes and bearing upon the exterior of the collars. By adjusting these set
screws the relative positions of the collars in the yokes of the levers may be
varied.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Edward Newton in the Patent Office on the 18th March
1884.
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON of the Office for Patents 66 Chancery Lane in the
County of Middlesex Civil Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS OR MACHINES
FOR CRUSHING OR REDUCING VEGETABLE AND OTHER SUBSTANCES FOR OBTAINING
JUICES AND FIBRES THEREFROM AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES a communication to
me from abroad by The International Fibre and Juice Extracting Company
(Incorporated) of the City and State of New York United States of America.
"
The Invention relates to mills or machines in which the crushing or reducing is
performed by pressure between a rotary circular or nearly circular part or cylinder
and a concave or bed of approximately semi circular form which is either fixed or
capable of a short to and fro or oscillating motion as the circular part or cylinder
rotates.
The Invention consists in the novel combination with a concave or bed having a
grooved fluted or otherwise roughened surface of a rotary part or cylinder having
depressions or recesses in its periphery and having the intervening portions greater
in extent than the depressions or recesses and formed with fluted or roughened
faces which are concentric with the face of the concave or bed The depressions or
recesses form pockets for the reception of material to be operated on and when these
pockets are brought by the rotation of the cylinder to the edge of the concave or
bed material may be readily introduced.
With the Concave or bed and rotary part or cylinder above described there are
or may be also combined a pair of crushing rolls between which the material to be
operated on is first passed and subjected to a preliminary crushing or reducing
operation which enables the concave or bed and rotary part or cylinder to operate
upon it to better advantage.
There are or may be also combined with the above described concave or bed and
rotary part or cylinder a pair of pressing or delivery rolls arranged considerably
above the lower portion of the concave or bed and by which the fibrous or other
crushed or reduced material is pressed as it leaves the concave or bed to express
the juice therefrom.
Either of or both the aforesaid crushing rolls and pressing or delivery rolls may
be employed the substance or material to be operated upon being fed to the crushing
rolls over a feed board and delivered from the pressing and delivery rolls over an
inclined delivery board.
The Invention also consists in the combination with the cylinder or rotary part
and the concave or bed of a driving shaft gearing whereby motion is transmitted
from the driving shaft to said cylinder arms or levers which are fulcrumed on said
driving shaft and at their outer ends carry the bearings of the cylinder adjustable
stops which limit the movement of said arms or levers in a direction to carry the
cylinder towards the face of the concave or bed springs applied to said arms or
levers and means for adjusting said springs to hold the said Cylinder or rotary part
with a graduated and yielding pressure against movement in a direction away from
the concave or bed.
The Invention also consists in the combination with a cylinder having a rotary
motion continuously in one direction of an oscillating concave or bed arranged
below the Cylinder and extending upwards on both sides thereof the said concave
or bed preferably having a yielding connection with the shaft or journals of the
cylinder so as to operate on material with a yielding pressure.

page_text: The Invention also includes means employed to support the Concave or bed and
to operate both it and the Cylinder These means consist of a driving shaft levers
attached to the concave or bed fulcrumed on the shaft or journals of the cylinder
and extending towards the driving shaft eccentrics on the driving shaft and
excentric rods connected with the aforesaid levers for oscillating them and the
concave or bed and gearing for imparting a continuous rotary motion from the
said driving shaft to the cylinder.
The Invention also includes means employed for adjusting the above described
concave or bed towards and from the Cylinder said means consisting of collars
fitted upon the shaft or journals of the cylinder and entering or arranged in yokes
or large openings in the levers just referred to and set screws inserted through
these yokes and bearing upon the exterior of the Collars By adjusting these set
screws the relative positions of the collars in the yokes of the levers may be
varied.
In the accompanying drawing Fig 1 is an end view Fig 2 a transverse vertical
section and Fig 3 a plan of a Machine or Mill constructed according to the Invention
and having the concave or bed stationary or fixed and Figures 4 and 5 are
respectively a partly sectional end elevation and a plan of a Mill or Machine so
modified as to provide for an oscillating motion of the concave or bed.
In describing each Mill or Machine the same letters of reference designate
corresponding parts.
. The construction shewn in Figures 1. 2 and 3 will first be described.
A designates a tank or vat and A¹ the side frames of the Machine.
· B is the concave or are shaped bed It is here shewn as formed of bars or
sections which may be of metal stone hard wood or any other suitable material
and which are supported at the ends on bearers B₁ to which they are secured by
bolts or otherwise The spaces a between the bars or sections afford opportunity
for the passage of liquid downward into the vat A but the concave or bed may be
perforated with holes to attain the same result.
C is the shaft of the Cylinder or rotary part which may be made in various
ways and of any suitable materials As here shewn O' are wheels secured to the
shaft and to them are secured bars or sections C% of metal stone hard wood or
other suitable material
These bars or sections may be secured by bolts b having taper bodies and
extending through the rims or flanges of the wheels C¹.
The surfaces of the concave and cylinder are preferably fluted grooved ribbed
lagged toothed or otherwise roughened.
In the surface of the cylinder are recesses or depressions c and the surfaces
intervening between them are of greater extent than the recesses or depressions
themselves and may be concentric with the surface of the concave or bed.
There may be any number of these depressions or recesses in the Cylinder and
when they are brought opposite the edge of the concave they form cavities pockets
or hoppers which readily take the material or substance to be operated on and
carry it forward The substance or material is thoroughly macerated or reduced
by the cam-like surfaces formed by the depressions or recesses and by the
intervening portions of the cylinder and if of a juicy and fibrous nature the juices
are freed from the fibrous portions or from the refuse.
DD are feeding or crushing rolls connected by gear wheels d d and having
their bearings in the frames A¹ The roll D carries a wheel D' and receives motion
by a pinion e from a driving shaft E The driving shaft E carries a belt pulley E¹
and motion is imparted to the cylinder by a pinion f and a large gear wheel F.
G is a feed board and Ga shute over which material passes to the concave
after passing through the rolls D D¹
At the delivery side of the concave and above its lowest portion are the pressing
and delivery rolls H H connected by wheels g g and receiving motion by a
pinion g¹ from the large wheel F The reduced or crushed material passes from the
concave B over the inclined delivery board H' and between the rolls H H'.

page_text: II are arms or levers fulcrumed on the shaft E and carrying the bearings of the
Cylinder The ends of these arms or levers are held down by bolts g³ and nuts g³
and above the arms or levers are springs gʻ The cylinder then acts with a
yielding pressure on materials subjected to it and this pressure may be varied by
adjusting the nuts g The downward movement of the arms or levers is limited
by adjustable stops consisting of set screws 9** The juice or liquid may be taken
from the vat A by a pipe h.
The construction shewn in Figures 4 and 5 will now be described.
J J are the side frames and Ji the tank or vat.
K is the Cylinder shaft mounted in bearings i which may be open and receiving
rotary motion by a wheel and pinion K' K' from a driving shaft K³ The driving
shaft carries a pulley K*
The cylinder may be of any suitable construction As here shewn wheels K³ are
secured to the shaft and to them bars or sections K are secured by bolts ¹ or
otherwise as previously explained The bars or sections may be of metal hard wood
stone or other material.
L is the arc shaped bed or concave It may be made of metal wood stone or
other material It may or may not be perforated for the passage of juice and may
be made of a single piece or of several pieces suitably connected.
The surfaces of the bed or concave and cylinder are or may be grooved fluted
ribbed lagged toothed or otherwise roughened.
L' are levers one of which is secured to each end of the bed or concave by bolts j
and which are constructed with large openings or yokes L². These openings or
yokes receive loosely within them collars L³ which are fitted to the shaft K so that
they will remain stationary as the Cylinder rotates.
The collars may be composed of inner and outer rings k k of metal and an
interposed ring k³ of rubber or other suitable elastic material In each lever L' are
set screws which bear on the collar L³ By loosening certain of these set
screws and tightening others the concave or bed can be adjusted laterally in either
direction relatively to the cylinder or towards or from the same The rings k² of
india rubber form an elastic connection between the cylinder and the concave or
bed and permit them to yield relatively to each other and to operate on material
with a yielding pressure.
On one side of the bed or concave is a feed board M and on the opposite side
thereof is a delivery board M¹ over which material is delivered from the bed or
concave.
The levers L are fulcrumed by the collars L³ on the shaft K and their outer
ends are connected by rods N with eccentrics N¹ on the driving shaft K³ By
these means the levers and bed or concave are oscillated.
Instead of the Cylinder having a long shaft it might have short journals at the
ends and the collars L would be fitted on these journals.
No caps are shewn for the bearings i as there will be no upward pressure on
the shaft K and hence caps would be unnecessary.
In both Mills or Machines herein described the operation is substantially the
same the substance or material to be operated on being fed in between the
Cylinder and concave on one side and delivered at the other side thereof.
In working or reducing dry substances the vat or tank below the concave may
be dispensed with and for working the stalks leaves or other parts of fibre bearing
plants to obtain fibres the vat may be filled with water or chemical solution if
desired
When the Machines are used for extracting juices the refuse fibrous or other
matter may be used for various purposes For example if Sugar cane is to be
treated the refuse or begasse may be used for fuel.
"
Having now described this Invention of Improvements in Mills or Machines
for crushing or reducing vegetable and other substances for obtaining Juices and
fibres therefrom" as communicated to me from abroad and explained the manner

page_text: of carrying the same into effect what I claim and desire to be secured by Letters
Patent is.
First The combination with a concave or arc shaped bed having a grooved
fluted or roughened surface of a rotary Cylinder having depressions or recesses
as in its periphery the intervening portions between the depressions being
greater in extent than the depressions or recesses and formed with fluted or
roughened faces concentric with the surface of the concave or bed substantially as
herein described and for the purpose set forth.
Second The combination with the concave or bed and the Cylinder having in
its surface depressions or recesses of a pair of crushing rolls between which material
is fed to the concave or bed and Cylinder substantially as described.
Third The combination with the Cylinder provided with depressions or recesses o
of the concave or bed B extending entirely across under the Cylinder and a pair of
pressing and delivery rolls arranged at the side of the Cylinder and considerably
above the lower portion of the concave or bed substantially as described.
Fourth. The combination with the rotary Cylinder provided with depressions
or recesses c of the concave or bed B extending entirely across under the cylinder
a pair of feeding and Crushing rolls on one side of the concave or bed and a pair
of pressing and delivery rolls on the other side of the Concave or bed and
considerably above the lower portion thereof substantially as described.
Fifth. The combination of the concave or bed B the rotary cylinder the pair of
crushing rolls D D¹ the feed board G the pair of pressing and delivery rolls H H¹
and the delivery board H³ all substantially as described
Sixth The combination of the stationary concave or bed B the Cylinder and its
shaft C the large gear F the driving shaft E and pinion of the levers or arms I
fulcrumed on the shaft E and carrying the bearings for the shaft C the adjustable
stops g for limiting the movement of the Cylinder towards the concave or bed
the springs for holding said levers down with a yielding pressure and means for
adjusting the tension of said springs all substantially as described.
Seventh. The combination with a Cylinder having a rotary motion continuously
in one direction of an oscillating concave or bed arranged below the Cylinder and
extending upwards on both sides thereof substantially as and for the purpose
described.
Eighth The combination with a Cylinder having a rotary motion continuously
in one direction of an oscillating concave or bed arranged below and extending
upwards on both sides of the Cylinder and having a yielding connection with the
shaft or journals of said Cylinder substantially as described.
Ninth The combination of the Cylinder and its shaft or journals K the driving
shaft K and gearing for imparting a rotary motion from said shaft K³ to said
Cylinder the bed or concave L the levers L¹ supporting said bed or concave
fulcrumed upon the shaft or journals K and extending towards the shaft K³
the eccentrics N¹ and rods N connected with the levers L¹ substantially as
described.
Tenth The combination of the cylinder and its shaft K the driving shaft K³ the
pinion K³ and wheel K¹ for imparting motion to said shaft and cylinder the bed
or concave L the levers L³ the collars L³ adjusting screws between the levers and
collars and the eccentrics N¹ and rods N substantially as described.
In witness whereof I the said Henry Edward Newton have hereunto set my
hand and seal the eighteenth day of March in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty four.