Improvements in Motor-cars.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 21st July, 1899
Complete Specification Left, 23th Feb., 190) -Accepted. 21st July 1900
Improvements in Motor-cars.
I, HEINRICH WILHELM HELLMANN, of No. 97, Schillerstrasse, Charlottenburg,
in the Kingdom of Prussia and German Empire, Civil Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The present invention relates to improvements in motor-cars, driven by
electricity, benzine, steam or the like, and has reference principally to the
arrangement of flexible shafts on such motor-cars.
The invention is illustrated by the accompanying drawing, in which
Fig. 1 shows a side elevation partly in section of the improved car.
Fig. 2 is a detail view, showing a diagrammatic plan view of the gear at the
front of the car.
Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6 are detail views to be referred to.
Fig. 7 shows diagrammatically a plan view of the driving gear for electromotor
car.
The car consists of the frame or body a, at the front of which, in the space a¹
under the box, is the motor. In the present case the arrangement is shown
with benzine motor, being the reservoir for the benzine, where the gas is
generated or carburetted. A is a system of gearing in connection with the motor-
shaft & which runs rearwardly to the gear B. C is a lever of tubular from com-
municating with four flexible shafts e¹, e², e³, c. Of these e¹, regulates the car-
buretting of the gas, the supply of benzine, e³ the ignition, e the change of
transmission gear for hills or level road. The ends of the shafts terminate as
handles fat the handle of the reversing lever C.
The lever C is pivoted at the point g, and through the lever h and the double
lever operates the clutch k of the gear A. The grooved pulley of the gear is
connected by a band with the fan ventilator /, which serves the purpose of cooling
the motor and drawing up the waste gases. D is a pipe rigidly connected to the
frame of the car, and serving to receive one of the flexible shafts, which latter
is connected at one end with the hand-wheel m and at the other with the toothed
wheel n, engaging with the toothed segment o, about the centre of which the fore-
carriage turns.
As shown in Fig. 1, the wheels are carried by double forks p, between which
and the body of the car is a spring bearing E.
In Fig. 2 the front part of the carriage is shown in plan with reversing and
steering gear, being the motor shaft and r the bevel wheel engaging with the
gear A.
This latter gear is seen in detail in Fig. 3.
s is the driving shaft of the car, with which the flexible shaft d is connected.
On the shafts are loosely mounted the tooth-wheels s', s2, whilst the clutch is
mounted fast upon it. This clutch piece k, engages at either side, accordingly
as it is caused to slide forwards or backwards, with the clutch pieces k¹,
connected, as described below, with the toothed wheels s', $2. Both these wheels
re connected with the motor shaft q, as seen from the drawing, and consequently,

page_text: according to the direction in which the clutch k slides, s¹ or s will be coupled
with the shaft s, so that the direction of rotation of the shaft can be reversed as
desired. In order that the clutch may be engaged and disengaged with as little
shock as possible, the claws or clutch pieces k² are not directly connected with
the toothed wheels but by means of spiral springs . The one end of
each spring is riveted to the claw or and the other end to the toothed
wheels or 2. The parts of the clutch are at such distance apart that
when the part is in its central position, it engages neither with nor P, so
that the motor shaft then runs only with the toothed wheels ss. The grooved
pulley is also connected with the toothed wheels, and a band passes around
the pulley for driving the fan (see Fig. 1). Connected with the wheel s² is
also the toothed wheels, which engages with the toothed wheel eccentrically
mounted on the shaft u. On the latter, two other wheels are rigidly mounted, the
one of which is a ratchet wheel and the other the toothed wheel. The latter
two wheels are centrally (not eccentrically, as s) mounted. The wheels engages
with the similar toothed wheels on the shaft v, said wheel being coupled
with the ratchet wheel s". 5-10 is a foot lever having two pedals and is rigidly
connected with the pauls s, s. These pauls are for the purpose of engaging
with the ratchet wheels ss upon movement of the lever $10, and thus rotating
the wheels to a certain extent, whereby the wheel is rotated, and through s
2,, the motor turned. As will be seen from the drawing the intermediate
toothed wheels 7, 8 have the effect of causing the two pauls, though situated on
opposite sides, always to operate the wheel in one direction only. The lever s13
is for the purpose of disengaging the wheel when after the motor has been
started, it is continued working alone. On turning the lever 3 the engagement
between the wheels and 4 is interrupted.
°
Figs. 4 and 5 show the method of changing the transmission gear for hill
climbing. The parts are indicated by B, in Fig. 1.
The
In Fig. 5, indicates the flexible shaft which passes through the stuffing box t
of the casing 3 and to the bevel wheel t. The stuffing box and wheel + can
be moved laterally by means of the following device. The flexible shaft e¹
(ep. also Fig. 1) runs to the wheel to (cp. also Fig. 4) which engages with the
toothed rack to, attached to the adjustable part of the casing. If then e and
thus is set in motion, the toothed rack and part are moved laterally,
carrying the stuffing box t2 and wheel with them; so that engages sometimes
with the large toothed wheel 18 and sometimes with the small one t
wheels 8 and to are both keyed to the driving shaft to, and consequently the spee:
of this shaft will be faster or slower, accordingly as engages with 18 or . In
this manner the transmission gear can be changed as desired for ascent, descent
or level, without the vehicle having to be stopped. The parts (11, 12, 13, 14 serve
to impart rigidity to the driving shaft and connect it with the casing.
Fig. 6 is a detail view, showing the spring bearing of the fore and hind-
carriage.
is a pin rigidly connected with the fork ², said pin passing through the
bearing and being formed at the end as a plate Upon the latter lies a
spiral, the upper end of which carries a plate uº. In a central depression in
this plate is the ball w above which is a screw pin us, a depression in which fits
over the ball u. 8 is screwed into the top u of the cylinder E, which is screwed
over the stuffing bearing u³.
In Fig. 7 the best arrangement for driving a carriage with electromotor is
shown. There are two such motors provided, from which the flexible
shafts run, crossing each other, to the chain wheels, By means of the
chains 7, 8, the chain wheels 10 are driven, said wheels being connected in
suitable manner,
either directly or indirectly, with the driving wheels of the
carriage.
The manner of operation, so far as this has not been already described will be
understood from the following:

page_text: 5
1. Driving the car:
This is done by a flexible shaft, whether an electromotor
or gas-motor is used for driving.
2. Steering the car: This is also effected by a flexible shaft, though instead
of such, other mechanical means may also be employed.
3. Operation of the switch mechanism for the current for the electromotors:
The arrangement of the flexible shaft renders access from the carriage possible
to the switch mechanism without interfering with the reversing gear under the
fore-carriage.
4. Attendance to gas-motor:
benzine, air inlet and the changing of the transmission gear for ascending, are
The necessary regulation, ignition, feeding of
arranged in such manner that all can be effected by means of handles in a
convenient-central position. All the devices are operated by means of the
flexible shafts e¹, e², e³, e running from the lever C.
be seen, the safety of driving is greatly increased.
By this means, it will
5. The gear for forward and backward movement is also a feature of the inven-
tion. By this means the engagement and disengagement for forward and back-
ward running (and also for running alone) of the motor is effected in the
simplest possible manner.
6. The system of changing the transmission gear for ascent is also a novel
feature, as the change can take place without the vehicle having to be stopped.
7. Steering of the car: The flexible shafts can with advantage be employed
here also; nevertheless, if desired, shafts of other construction can also be used.
8. The elastic bearing of the front carriage, which prevents both shock and
friction, is also novel. The shocks are taken up by the intermediate spirals ;
the ball reduces the frictional resistance to a minimum. The regulation of the
whole arrangement, and especially the tension of the spring, is effected by means
of the screw pin us.
1
9. The arrangement of the fork: This, by reason of its peculiar form, takes
up a great part of the shocks, which are occasioned through uneven roads, and
counteracts them by means of springs, so that only a part of such shocks is
transmitted upwards.
10. The arrangement of the fan enables the motor to be kept cool, much more
effectively than can be done if the latter is exposed to the ordinary air or sur-
ounded by circulating water. Moreover the fan removes waste gases, so that in
he case of gas motors especially, there is no bad smell, nor can explosions take
lace in the motor chamber.
11. Gear for coupling in the gas-motor: This enables the motor to be started
ithout trouble. The arrangement is such that the weight of the body is utilised
o its maximum and so all tiring caused by hand-levers is avoided.
As will be gathered from the above, the chief feature of the invention is the
horoughly effective utilisation of the advantages presented by the arrangement
f flexible shafts for steering, guiding and driving the car.
These advantages consist principally in the flexible shafts transmitting the
wer generated almost without any loss through friction, even when there is all
anner of pressure, concussion and the like to overcome.
own better than by any other means.
This can be done as
Shocks and the like are unavoidable in
iving, and seriously affect every other means of transmission.
The flexible shaft is able to overcome all these drawbacks.
vantage of it is, that the motor and carriage frame are rigidly
gether without the employment of intermediate springs.
Dated this 14th day of July 1899.
connected
One essential
WALTER FOLKMAR,
Applicant's Agent.

page_text: Improvements in Motor-cars.
I, HEINRICH WILHELM HELLMANN, Civil Engineer and Factory Manager, a
Subject of the German Emperor, at present residing at 97, Schiller Strasse, in
the City of Charlottenburg, in the Kingdom of Prussia, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to improvements in motor vehicles of any kind whether
driven by steam, electricity, or by gas, benzine or the like, and it is especially
designed to greatly increase the safety and secure a greater promptness of action
of this class of vehicles. attain these objects; first, by the use of flexible shafts
in connection with the switch lever for the regulation and adjustment of the
transmission gear and also for the regulation of the gas supply as well as for
regulating the ignition of the gas mixture or for cutting off the electric power;
second, by an improvement in the differential gearing of the motor so as to
counterbalance the injurious effects of the pressure of the weight of the car itself;
third, by providing a novel cooling device in combination with my
improved vehicle the said, cooling device being so constructed as to be started
simultaneously with the motor and to be turned off when the motor is stopped;
fourth, by providing improved means for the transmission of power from and
between the various parts independent upon the play of the car springs which
always tend to loosen and displace the working parts by the shocks incumbent
upon locomotion.
My invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings,
as applied to a motor car embodying my invention.
In the drawings:-Fig. 1 is a side elevation with some parts in section of the
improved motor car. Fig. 2 is a detail being a diagrammatic view of the gear
at the front end of the car. Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are details of the gearing io
be especially referred to. Fig. 8 shows diagrammatically the driving gear for
electromotor cars. Figs. 9 & 10 show the starting mechanism of the motor in
side view and plan view. Figs. 11, 12, 13, 14 represent the cooler in connection
with my improved motor car, Fig. 11 is a plan view to illustrate the conducting
of the current of air. Fig. 12 is a sectional view of the cooler. Fig. 13 is a side
view of Fig. 11. Fig. 14 is a front view of the modification shown in Fig. 12.
Referring particularly to Figs. 1 to 10:- is the frame or body of the car,
the motor being concealed in the space under the box a¹ in the front of the
car. is the receptacle for storing the benzine or other material necessary for
the driving of the car which in the construction shown in the drawing is a
benzine or petroleum motor. In the receptacle 6 the gas is generated or car-
buretted as the case may be. A is a gearing in connection with the driving shaft
of the motor, the shaft connecting this system of gearing with the gearing B
at the rear end of the car. C is a switch lever of tubular form in the interior of
which are contained the ends of four flexible shafts e¹ e², e³, e. Of these shafts e¹
regulates the carburetting of the gas. e regulates the supply of benzine or
similar agent, e controlls the ignition of the gas and the change of gearing
for hill or level ground.
The ends of these flexible shafts terminate in hand levers f¹ to f* at the handle
of the lever C.
The said lever C is pivoted at g and through the lever hand double lever i
operates the clutch of the gear A, as will be seen from the drawing. This
gearing connects by a suitable driving pulley and chain or, belt or the like with
the fan serving for the cooling of the motor and for carrying away the waste

page_text: gases. D18 a hollow upright tube rigidly connected to the frame of the car and
containing a flexible shaft rigidly attached to the hand wheel m and to the gear
wheel n, the latter engaging with the toothed segment o about the centre of
which the fore carriage turns. As will be seen from Fig. 1 of the drawing, the
5 wheels are mounted in double forks 2 between which and the body of the car is a
spring bearing E.
0
The driving gear with the reversing and steering mechanism is represented
diagrammatically in plan view in Fig. 2 of the drawing, q being the motor shaft
and a bevel gear wheel engaging with the gear A.
The gear A is more distinctly shown in Figs. 39 and 10 of the drawing.
s is the driving shaft of the car which is connected to the flexible shaft
above referred to. On the shafts are loosely mounted the gear wheels s¹, så
while the clutch k is rigidly connected to the said shaft
device k, engages at either side accordingly as it is moved forward or backward,
The clutch or coupling
with corresponding clutch pieces 1 which are
wheels s¹, $2 as will be described further on.
connected to the
Since either of these wheels gears
gear
with the motor shaft q, it is evident that according to the direction the coupling
device k is moved, either s¹ or are coupled with the shaft s the rotation of which
may be reversed at will. In order to avoid or lessen as much as possible any
sudden shock when the coupling device is engaged or disengaged, the clutch
pieces kl, k² are not directly connected to the gear wheels st, 2 but. through the
medium of spiral springs 1, one end of the said spiral springs being fastened to
the clutches, k2 while the other end is attached to the gear wheels s', 2. The
distance of the clutch pieces 1, 2 is so regulated that the part when in its
position intermediate of the two clutches, engages with neither of them so that
the motor shaft while turning the gear wheels s¹, s2, is running loose without
imparting movement to the car shaft.
grooved pulley 3 over which passes the belt or chain for driving the fan 7 (com-
To the gear wheel s¹ is connected the
pare Fig. 1). To the gear wheel s¹ is further connected the toothed wheel st which
gears with the toothed wheel excentrically mounted on the shaft u, as shown
in Figs. 9 & 10 of the drawing. Upon the same shaft u are also rigidly mounted
the ratchet wheels and the toothed wheel 87, these two wheels being however
centrally mounted upon the said shaft u.
another toothed wheel 8 upon the shaft v.
The toothed wheel 7 gears with
wheels. 10 is a foot lever terminating in two pedals and to which are rigidly
The wheels is coupled with a ratchet
connected the ratchet pawls $11, $12. Upon moving the foot lever up and down the
pawls sl, 2 by engaging with the ratchet wheels 56, 59, rotate the same to a
certain extent which in their turn rotate the excentrically mounted toothed
wheel. By the alternate engagement of the said pawls 11, 12, the excenter
wheel with its excentric part will throw the wheel st around so that the action
of the excenter is similar to that of a pawl. The toothed wheel transmits its
motion to the motor through the wheels 4, s¹, r, and shaft 7. The intermediate
toothed wheels s', have the effect of causing the pawls 11, 12 though placed at
opposite sides to turn the toothed wheel in one direction only. The lever s¹³ is
so arranged as to throw the excentrically mounted wheel 5 out of gear with the
oothed wheel when, after having started the motor by operating the foot
ever, the movement of the said foot lever is to be stopped while the motor is
o continue its operation. The lever 13 being fast on the shaft u, it is obvious
hat the turning of the said lever will bring the excentric part of the gear
heels out of engagement with the wheel st.
The mechanism for changing the transmission of gearing for going up hill
s shown at B in Fig. 1 of the drawing and is more distinctly seen in Figs. 5,
and 7. This mechanism which is mounted at the rear carriage and which is
onnected to the front carriage by the flexible shaft d is enclosed by the casing t
to which enters the shaft through the sleeve 2, the extremity of the said
exible shaft being connected to the bevel gear #. The said sleeve t with the
evel gear wheel can be laterally displaced by means of the following device.

page_text: (Figs. 5
with the
wheel
The flexible shaft e¹ which is also seen in Fig. 1 ends in the gear wheel
and 6) which latter engages with a rack bar 6 connected
adjustable part of the casing. On turning the shaft et the
is rotated and the rack bar 6 with the adjustable part of the
casing are moved laterally which further results in the displacement of the
sleeve and the bevel gear . Thus it will be seen that the bevel gear tt may
either be clutched or coupled to the large bevel gear wheel 18 or the small bevel
gear at will. As the wheels 8 and are both keyed to the driving shaft 10, it
is obvious that the speed of this shaft will be acelerated or retarded in proportion
to the difference in size of the two bevel gears 18, to which the shaft may be
coupled, making it possible thereby to obtain any desired change of transmission
accordingly as it is desired to go up or down hill or on level ground without
the necessity of stopping the vehicle even for a minute. The parts 11, 12, 13, 14,
are intended to secure the driving shaft to the casing and to impart rigidity to
the system.
The spring bearings in which the fore and back part of the frame of the
carriage are mounted as stated above is best shown in Fig. 7 of the drawing and
also in Fig. 1. To the fork up for mounting the wheel is rigidly connected
the pin, the said pin passing through the box and bearing the plate .
This plate presses against a spring w the upper end of which is attached to the
plate A ball is contained in a central depression of this plate, while
a similar depression of the screw shaft 8 fits the ball from above. The shaft us
is screwed into the head of the cylinder E which is secured to the sleeve by
screws or otherwise and serves as a cover for the whole spring bearing device.
In the case of electromotive force being used to supply the necessary driving
power, the arrangement is preferably that shown diagrammatically in Fig. 8 of
the drawing. In this form of construction I provide two electric motors 1, 2
which are connected to the flexible shafts 3, 4, crossing each other and whose
other end is connected to the ratchet or chain wheels 6. By means of chains
or belts 7, 8, motion is imparted to the chain wheels or pulleys 2, 10, which
are connected either directly or indirectly with the driving wheels of the vehicle
in any suitable manner.
A further improvement in the construction of motor vehicles in order to
secure the absolute reliability and promptness of operation of this class of
locomotive agents, should extend to cooling down the parts in connection with
the motor itself, for it is obvious that failure to prevent any undue heating of
the operating and moving parts will not only result in the speedy destruction of
the same, but will seriously interfere with the reliability of the operation of these
parts. The cooling action I produce in my motor by the arrangement of parts
best represented in Figs. 11 to 14 of the drawing. By this arrangement I entirely
⚫ avoid the use of water as a cooling agent which has been generally used heretofore
for that purpose and greatly increase the cooling effect of the ordinary honey
combed shaped coolers, the surface of which is increased by the arrangement of
ribs. In my arrangement of parts, I use a fan or ventilator already referred to
and which may be driven by the motor shaft or the car wheels or by any other
part of the notor vehicle.
Referring particularly to Figs. 11 to 13:-the cylinder 3 of the said motor
being surrounded by ribs 4. The ventilator or fan i is mounted on the shaft 5
and is rigidly connected with a pulley 6 over which passes a chain, belt or the
like transmitting the motion of the motor shaft by means of a pulley keyed to
the said motor shaft. The fan or ventilator may however also receive its motion
from a pulley connected to the driving gear as shown at 3 in Fig. 3 of the
drawing. As long as the machine is running, the fan will create a current of
air which acts as a most powerful cooling agent for the cylinder of the motor.
The fan may also be driven from the car wheels or any other moving part of the
vehicle. It is a very essential feature that in this arrangement the fan or venti-

page_text: lator is automatically put in operation as soon as the car is started, while the
ventilator is turned off simultaneously with the stopping of the vehicle so that
every waste of driving power at any time of the run of the machine is absolutely
excluded.
As compared with the use of water as a cooling agent, this arrangement presents
the great advantage of doing away entirely with the surplus weight and the great
waste of valuable space that was necessary heretofore for the storage of the
cooling water and the conducting pipes appertaining thereto. There is also
a more efficient and greatly superior cooling action when compared with the
rib covered refrigerators. But it is obvious that this arrangement is not depending
upon the arrangement of ribs on the motor cylinder, but may as well be employed
without them in connection with the other parts of my motor car.
In order now to provide means to so guide the current of air created by the
fan that the same is immediately directed to the motor cylinder and is made to
flow all around it, I provide a funnel through which the air is sucked in and
from which the current is conducted to a coil 8, which is open at the side of the
motor cylinder to which the coils are attached and which in the construction
shown in the drawing is also provided with the usual cooling ribs; the air being
thus compelled to flow all around the cylinder in the direction indicated by
the arrows. The air then leaves the coils through the exit 9.
While I prefer to use as a cooler the arrangement just described, I may also
make use of lateral jaws or plates 12, 13 as shown in Figs. 12 and 14 of the
drawing, Fig. 14 being a front view of Fig. 12. The ends 10, 11 of these jaws
or plates are extended and crossing each other, so that the air in leaving the
cooler, is prevented from meeting at the exit, both parts of the current being
deflected to opposite directions.
The mode of operation of the arrangement of various parts, constituting my
invention as described heretofore and illustrated in the accompanying drawings
may be summed up as follows:-
1. Starting the vehicle:-This is done by a flexible shaft no matter whether a
gas motor or electro motive force be used for driving.
2. Steering of the vehicle:-This part of the mechanism is also preferably
actuated by a flexible shaft; other mechanical means may however be used in the
place thereof.
3. Actuating the reversing or switching mechanism for the electric current
in the case of an electromotor being used:-By the use of a flexible shaft it
becomes possible to reach the switch mechanism from the carriage without even
touching the switch mechanism proper which is concealed under the front seat
of the carriage.
―The
4. Attendance of the motor when gas is used as a driving medium:-
means for the regulation of the motor, the ignition, supply of benzine, access
of air as well as the change of transmission for going up hill are so arranged
that the handles governing the different mechanisms are all situated in one
central position. all these mechanisms being operated by flexible shafts e¹, e²,
which are connected to the reversing lever C. It will be evident that by
this arrangement the safety of driving and the accuracy and promptness of the
run of the car is greatly increased.
5. My invention presents another novel feature in the gear for forward and
backward movement, the engagement and disengagement and the change from
forward to backward being effected through the medium of a flexible shaft in the
most efficient and simple manner.
6. A further improvement is the change of transmission for going up hill:-
It is very essential that the change of transmission can be effected without the
ecessity of interrupting the movement of the vehicle.
7. The spring actuating bearing for the front carriage which will balance the
ffects both of shocks and of friction. While the shocks are taken up by the

page_text: intermediate spiral spring the ball bearing will reduce the friction to a
minimum. The regulation of the whole arrangement, especially of the tension
of the spring, is effected by means of the screw pin 8.
8. By the use of the ventilator or fan it is possible to cool the motor far more
efficiently than by simply exposing the same to the surrounding air or by cooling
it with water. The ventilator has the further advantage of removing the waste
gases, so that in the case of gas motors especially, no bad odors can originate,
and the possibility of explosions in the motor chamber is also avoided.
9. The gear for starting the gas motor is so arranged as to make it possible
to start the motor by pressure exerted upon some parts of the mechanism by
bringing the weight of the rider's body into play, thereby reducing the very
wearying manipulation of hand levers to a minimum.
10. The gears for the driving as well as for the steering and reversing
mechanism are so arranged and constructed that they will always remain in
engagement and not be influenced by the shocks and vibrations which the other
parts of the vehicle have to sustain."
11. The steering and reversing mechanism may be so mechanically combined
as to be within easy reach of the operator and still retain their independency of
action.
As will be apparent from the above description, one of the chief features of the
invention is the thoroughly effective utilisation of the advantages presented by
the arrangement of flexible shafts for steering, guiding and driving the car and
the motor.
These advantages consist essentially in the flexible shafts transmitting the
power generated almost without any loss through friction even when there is all
inanner of friction, jerks and shocks to overcome in the transmission; a result
with is not reached by any other means of transmission. Shocks and the like
are not to be avoided in driving and would therefore seriously influence every
other means of transmission. All the inconveniences, incumbent upon the use of
such other means of transmission, are easily overcome by the use of flexible
shafts. A further essential advantage of the use of flexible shafts lies in the
possibility of rigidly connecting the motor and car frame without the employ-
ment of special intermediate springs.
My invention is capable of various modifications in the construction and
arrangement of the different parts, without however deviating from the spirit of
my invention as herein pointed out in the claims.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is —
1. In motor vehicles of any form and construction the combination of flexible
shafts for the regulation of the various working parts of the motor driven vehicle
with means to connect the said flexible shafts to the said working parts, elastic
and spring actuating bearings for the gearing or for part thereof and for the car
wheels for the purpose of counterbalancing the shocks incumbent upon locomo-
tion, means to protect the gearing and working parts against displacement so as
to insure the promptness of action of the said flexible shafts, substantially as
described.
2. In motor vehicles of any form or construction the use of flexible shafts for
the regulating of the run of the motor and for switching and reversing the motor
and the direction of movement of the vehicle, and for changing the transmission
of the gearing in combination with means for protecting the working parts.
against the injurious actions of shocks and for guiding and insuring the prompt-
ness of action of the said flexible shafts, substantially as described.
3. In motor vehicles of any form and construction the combination of flexible
shafts for controlling the run of an electro motor used as the driving agent for
the vehicle, the ends of the said flexible shaft being arranged in the proximity

page_text: 50
f the box of the motor man with means to counterbalance the injurious enes
f the shocks of the vehicle substantially as described.
4. In motor vehicles of any form and construction the combination of a
exible shaft with a hand wheel (m) and suitable gearing to transmit the motion
f the said flexible shaft to the steering mechanism proper, a pipe (1) to serve as
guide for the said flexible shaft, with means for counterbalancing the effects of
he shocks of driving substantially as described.
lower
5. In motor vehicles of any form and construction, the combination of a
Hexible shaft with a tubular shaped steering lever enclosing said flexible shaft 3
the upper extremity of the said flexible shaft projecting above the tubular
steering lever and being provided with a suitable handle, while the
extremity of the flexible shaft is connected with the regulating or switching
device of the motor or with both of them in any suitable manner, and means to
take up the action of shocks, substantially as described.
6. In motor vehicles of any form and construction, the combination of a
tubular shaped reversing lever (C) the extremity of which is geared to a coupling
device for starting the motor and for reversing the movement of the car, with
flexible shafts (e¹, e², e³, e) enclosed within the said tubular reversing lever, one
or more of the said shafts serving the change of transmission of gear, the other
flexible shafts being used for the regulation of the motor itself, the ends of the
said flexible shafts enclosed within the tubular reversing lever being provided
with suitable handles in proximity of the handle of the reversing lever, means to
counteract the effects of the shocks upon the gearing, substantially as described.
7. In motor vehicles of any form and construction the combination of a
reversing lever of tubular shape and enclosing flexible shafts, with a clutch lever
and means for coupling the said clutch lever with suitable gearing to start or
reverse the movement of the car driving shaft (s), spiral springs intermediate
between the coupling mechanism and the gear wheels to counterbalance the effects
of shocks, a flexible shaft (d) to connect the said gearing with means for changing
the transmission of the driving gear, substantially as described.
8. In motor vehicles of any form and construction, the combination of a
flexible shaft (d) in connection with the driving gear, with a laterally displaceable
gear wheel () and gear wheels (18, 19) keyed to the driving shaft of the car, the
said wheels (8, 9) being of unequal size and alternately engaging with the
gear wheel (4) which is mounted on the flexible shaft (*) substantially as
described.
gear
9. In a motor vehicle of any form and construction, the combination of a
reversing lever of tubular shape and inclosing flexible shafts with a starting and
reversing gear a flexible shaft (d) to connect said gear with the mechanism for
the change of transmission, the lateral displacement of the extremity of the
said flexible shaft (d) and of the gear wheel thereunto attached being effected
by means of one of the said flexible shafts (e) enclosed in the tubular reversing
lever, substantially as described.
10. In motor vehicles of any form and construction, the combination of flexible
5 shafts for imparting and controlling the movement of the various parts of the
vehicles an adjustable pin in connection with the car wheel frame, a spring
mounted on top thereof and serving for the taking up of the effects of shocks, a
plate on top of said spring (5) and as socket in said plate serving as a ball
bearing for the frame of the car, substantially as described.
11. In motor vehicles of any form and construction, the combination of flexible
shafts for the control of the various parts of the vehicle and means for counter-
acting the injurious effects of shocks, with means for starting the motor and
consisting of the combination of an excentrically journaled wheel () with
centric wheels (4, 7, 8), ratchet wheels (6,,) pawls (1, 12) to engage with the
55 said ratchet wheels, a foot lever (10) operating the pawls and ratchet wheels and
thereby starting the motor and a reversing lever (s13) to throw the starting
mechanism in and out of gear, substantially as described.

page_text: 12. In motor vehicles of any form and construction, flexible shafts for con-
trolling the movement of the various parts of the vehicle, a steering and a
reversing lever in connection with said flexible shafts and with a driving gear,
means to connect the ventilator of the motor with some of the moving parts of the
vehicle, substantially as described.
13. In motor vehicles of any form and construction, the combination of a
driving gear in connection with flexible shafts with a fan for cooling the parts.
of the motor and for carrying off the waste gäse means to carry the air current all
around the motor cylinder and to deflect the outflowing current from the
cylinder of the motor, substantially as described.
Dated this 22nd day of February 1900.
WALTER FOLKMAR,
Agent for Applicant.