matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING CARBONIC ACID FOR MANUFACTURING PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Young at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
September 1871.
I, JAMES YOUNG, of Kelly, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING CARBONIC ACID FOR MANUFACTURING PURPOSES,”
to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention, which relates to a new or improved process for the
production of carbonic acid for manufacturing purposes, consists in
heating or boiling bicarbonate of soda with water, or by sending steam
through the bicarbonate of soda, which causes the carbonic acid to be
given off in a state fit for use. The bicarbonate of soda is placed in an
air-tight vessel of iron or other material, such as a steam boiler capable
of being heated by a fire or by steam.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Astley Paston Price and Robert
Irvine at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 22nd August 1871.
We, ASTLEY PASTON PRICE, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Consulting Chemist, and ROBERT IRVINE, of Leith, in the
County of Mid Lothian, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of
our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," to
be as follows :-
-
This Invention relates to the employment in the manufacture of
paper of the precipitated carbonate of lime resulting from the softening
or treatment of water containing bicarbonate of lime by means of
caustic lime, and which process is known as Olarke's process.
In carrying out this Invention the precipitated carbonate of lime
obtained and resulting as before mentioned is mixed either in a dry or
wet state with the pulp or materials prior to their conversion into paper,
either in the pulping engine or otherwise, and after incorporation with
such materials the resulting product may be employed for the manu-
facture of paper or other similar products.

page_text: The proportions in which the precipitated carbonate of lime is to be
employed will vary according to the quality and character of the paper
it is desired to obtain. Good results may be obtained by the employ-
ment of twenty to forty parts by weight of the precipitated carbonate of
lime to one hundred parts by weight of the pulp.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF OMNIBUSES TO BE USED UPON TRAMWAYS AND UPON COMMON ROADS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
December 1871.
I, THOMAS WOOD, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF OMNIBUSES TO BE USED UPON TRAMWAYS AND UPON COMMON
ROADS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements upon an Invention for which
I obtained Provisional Protection, dated April 16th, A.D. 1870, No.
1116, and is applicable both to omnibuses constructed to run upon tram-
ways and also to those intended to run upon common roads.
I construct the body of the omnibus substantially as described in the
Provisional Specification, No. 1116", above alluded to, and I have two
rows of seats placed back to back upon the roof, but instead of having a
permanent cover thereto as described (which I find is objectionable,
excepting in very wet, rough, or cold weather) I have a skeleton frame
covered with canvas or other material, and capable of being easily raised
or lowered, or of being detached altogether when when not required, such

page_text: frame being made partly to rise and fall in slides or into a box between
the backs of the two seats, and partly to fold upon hinges so that it can
be quickly raised and fixed by means of nuts or screws when required,
and as readily lowered and stowed away when not in use.
For registering the number of passengers carried I propose to use an
frame being made partly to rise and fall in slides or into a box between
the backs of the two seats, and partly to fold upon hinges so that it can
be quickly raised and fixed by means of nuts or screws when required,
and as readily lowered and stowed away when not in use.
For registering the number of passengers carried I propose to use an
apparatus constructed substantially as described in the Provisional
Specification before mentioned.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LOCKETS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stagg at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
December 1871.
I, JOHN STAGG, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Locket
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LOCKETS," to be as follows:-
Hitherto in the manufacture of lockets it has always been the custom
to take a metal blank, and having raised it into proper shape by stamp-
ing to affix the rim thereto by soldering it to the said raised and stamped
back. The joints which are employed to connect the two raised backs
which together constitute the complete locket have also hitherto been
soldered on to the rims of the backs. The suspending ring with which
a locket is generally furnished and usually attached to the upper part of
the locket has also been soldered on to the body.
Now it will be readily understood that the raising and soldering
together of the different parts here spoken of gives much trouble and
causes considerable expense, and the object of my Invention is to lessen

page_text: both the one and the other, and I do this by casting in one piece each of
the two parts of the locket, and thus the one part is complete with back,
rim, and joint, and the corresponding part of the locket is complete with
back, rim, joint, and ring, and it is then only necessary for these two
parts to be dressed in the usual manner and for the joints to be drilled
and pinned up to complete the locket.
In the case of double lockets the centre rim is also cast in one piece
instead of the blank being raised and the rim affixed thereto by soldering
as formerly.
Thus much trouble and expense is saved, and a better and more
marketable article can be produced by my Invention, and at a much
smaller cost, than could be made under the old process of stamping and
soldering.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES POR REGULATING THE FLOW OF STEAM, FLUIDS, AND Gases
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Fletcher Chappé at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th May 1871.
I, THOMAS FLETCHER CHAPPÉ, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster,
Cotton Spinner, and Member of the Society of Civil Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES
POR REGULATING THE FLOW OF STEAM, FLUIDS, AND Gases,” to be as follows :-
My improved valve consists of a suitable case a, provided with ingress
passage 6 and egress passage c, and with an annular chamber d
surrounding a cylindrical shell e, the lower end of which forms the
seating of a valve f, which is connected to a spindle g passing through
a stuffing box h in the lid i of the case a. The valve spindle g is jointed
to a lever j, worked by hand or otherwise, or by the governor of the
steam engine when the valve is used as an admission valve for the steam
to the cylinder.
When the valve is raised it gradually uncovers a series
of slots k in the cylindrical shell e, thereby allowing the steam to pass
from the ingress passage 6 to the egress passage c.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF MATERIALS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR PAVING OR FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Astley Paston Price at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th November 1871.-A communication from abroad by Carl
Alexander Martins, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Chemist.
I, ASTLEY PASTON PRICE, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Consulting Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF MATERIALS TO BE
EMPLOYED FOR PAVING OR FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the preparation of
materials to be employed for paving or for other similar purposes, and
consists in the employment in conjunction with asphalte, bitumen,
pitch, tar, or mixtures of the same or of other similar substances or
compounds or mixtures thereof which are now employed or are capable
of being employed for such purposes, of what is known as iron residues,
which are obtained in the production, of aniline from nitro-benzole by
the employment either of wrought or of cast iron in a fine state of
division, such residues consisting essentially of artificial oxide of iron.

page_text: In carrying out this Invention the materials employed in conjunction
with the iron residues may be mixed or incorporated therewith either in
a fluid or in a finely divided condition, and when so incorporated may
subsequently be heated, as is well understood.
The proportions in which these iron residues may be employed will 5
vary with the material or materials which are used, but with the
ordinary materials or mixtures now employed for the purpose of so-
called asphalte paving about from twenty to forty per cent. by weight
of the iron residues will give good results.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PHOSPHATIC FERTILIZERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward William Parnell at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 26th October 1871.
I, EDWARD WILLIAM PARNELL, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Analytical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PHOSPHATIC FERTILIZERS,"
to be as follows:-
I treat impure phosphates of lime and magnesia, or either of them,
with muriatic acid in the well understood manner known as the
dissolving method, and after drawing off the clear solution I add
thereto carbonate of lime in the condition known as lime mud or lime
waste, obtained in the manufacture of caustic soda from carbonate of
soda. The precipitate after being washed and dried consists of a
phosphatic fertilizer, which is in a suitable and desired condition for
application to land, either directly or preferably after having added to it
sulphuric acid in sufficient quantity to convert it into soluble phosphate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING ORDNANCE
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thompson Mann at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th January 1871.-A communication from abroad by Adolf
Stempf, of Pesth, Hungary, in the Empire of Austria.
I, WILLIAM THOMPSON MANN, of the Firm of Fawcett, Preston, and
Company, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING
ORDNANCE" (a communication) to be as follows:-
Breech-loading ordnance according to this Invention are constructed
as follows:-The cannon or piece is bored right through from muzzle to
breech. The breech end is thickened in a suitable manner to allow for
a rectangular hole which runs across the breech transversely to the bore.
Into this rectangular hole is fitted a steel or other suitable metal key or
wedge, forming a breech piece. This key or wedge is so made that it
will slide in the rectangular hole. At one end the key or wedge has a
hole through it which is bored to the same diameter as the bore of the
piece or cannon. The other end of the key or wedge is fitted with a
handle to draw and return the wedge, which handle is screwed into the
wedge. This handle is fitted with a locking flange, which works or

page_text: ".
locks into two suitable studs fixed to the provision or thickened part
of the breech. At the rear or back end of the key or wedge is a slot or
groove, into which fits a pin or stud" coming through from the rear
end of the breech, which pin is by means of a steel or other spiral
spring pressed into the slot, thus holding the wedge in position and
regulating its travel. In the bore of the piece and just in front of the
wedge is fitted a copper ring or washer, which is used to effect a
tighter joint.
The action of charging is thus, the locking flange is turned until it is
relieved from the studs, the key or wedge forming the breech piece is
then withdrawn until the hole in the end of it comes in line with the
bore of the cannon, the distance of travel being regulated by the pin
working in the slot or groove in the rear end of the wedge; the charge
is then passed through the rear end of the cannon through the hole in
the wedge or breech piece, and into its place; the wedge is then driven
in until the hole has passed the bore of the cannon and is in the solid
part of the breech; the handle is then turned, the locking flange
locking into the studs, the requisite tightness being regulated by the
turning of the handle; the piece is then discharged and the action
repeated in a similar manner.
IM PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LETTERS, FIGURES, AND OTHER SIGNS, FOR WINDOW TICKETS, SHOW CARDS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph John Perry at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th June 1871.. A communication from abroad by Arnoldus
Johannes George Verster, of Amsterdam, in the Kingdom of
Holland.
-
I, JOSEPH JOHN PERRY, of Red Lion Square, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LETTERS, FIGURES, AND OTHER SIGNS, FOR
WINDOW TICKETS, SHOW CARDS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," a communication,
to me from abroad by Arnoldus Johannes George Verster, of Amsterdam,
in the Kingdom of Holland, to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
letters, figures, and other signs for window tickets, show cards, and for
other purposes. For this purpose I take sheets of paper, cardboard, or
board made from any suitable pulp, or scale board, and japan them to
any desired colour, but instead of stoving these sheets in the usual way
when japanning other articles, they are dried either at the normal
temperature of the atmosphere or in a moderately warm chamber, by
which means the japanned sheets are prevented from becoming brittle,

page_text: as they otherwise would, and they are enabled to be cut up into the
forms required without cracking. Gum or other suitable cement is
applied to the backs of these sheets, and by means of dies or cutters I
cut them up into letters, figures, or other desired signs:
The letters, figures, or signs thus prepared will have a somewhat
similar appearance to jet, or to various coloured glass or pottery, or to
other more expensive materials, and may be readily applied to any
desired ground by moistening the gum or cement on the backs thereof,
whilst they are much cheaper than letters, figures, or other signs of
similar appearance heretofore in use; they are also waterproof, and retain
for a lengthened period their brilliant appearance, and they are very
durable and may be readily washed and rearranged as desired.
A NEW OR IMPROVED FIRE-BAR FOR FURNACES OF LOCOMOTIVES, FACTORIES, AND OTHER SIMILAR APPLICATIONS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Vignon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
November 1871.
I, FRANÇOIS VIGNON, of Nantes, and of Paris, 37, Boulevard Bonne
Nouvelle, in the Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED FIRE-BAR FOR FURNACES OF
LOCOMOTIVES, FACTORIES, AND OTHER SIMILAR APPLICATIONS," to be as follows:-
The construction of the cast-iron fire-bar, the subject of my Invention,
will be best understood by reference to the accompanying Sheet of
Drawing. A indicating a central rib (for fire-bars of small dimensions;
all other ribs are suppressed.) B, openings for draught and fall of ash.
Fire-bars of this construction may be set very close together, thereby

page_text: The openings left in my fire-bars obviate the fouling which with
ordinary fire-bars sometimes doubles the size of the bars, and compels
their renewal at the end of a month.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SILK REELS FOR DRESSING FLOUR
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd December 1871.--A communication from abroad by William
Dunham, of Rouen, France.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent
Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SILK REELS FOR DRESSING FLOUR,"
a communication to me from abroad by William Dunham, of Rouen,
France, to be as follows:
-
This Invention relates to the employment of longitudinal iron or
other suitable metal ribs in the construction of silk reels for dressing
flour instead of the wooden ribs now used.
I construct the silk reel wholly of metal, and the shaft and ribs
may be hollow to allow a current of hot or cold air to pass through if
desired. The arms, head and tail discs are also of iron or other suitable
metal, and the whole screwed or fastened together in sections so as to
be easily fitted.

page_text: In the case of dressing in damp weather, and it is desired to prevent
oxidation of the metal, I cover the said metal with leather, india-rubber,
cotton or woollen fabric, or similar material, or I use galvanized iron or
tinned or covered metal, the object being to prevent the rust eating
away the silk covering of the reel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF QUARRY PRESSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Williams at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
December 1871.
I, THOMAS WILLIAMS, of Stoke-upon-Trent, in the County of Stafford,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF QUARRY PRESSES," to be as
follows:-
Hitherto the presses used for the manufacture of quarries have been
fitted with a plunger, which going into the box or mould in which the
plastic material is placed forms the quarry, but with this disadvantage,
that after the said plunger has been at work for some time and so
become at all worn, there is always a fringe on the face of the quarry
after it is formed and which has afterwards to be cut off, and thus much
labour is caused which it is desirable to save.
My Invention has for its object to attain this result, and this I
achieve by substituting a lid or top plate sufficiently large to fall upon
and so to cover the whole aperture of the mould in place of the
customary plunger which goes into the box or mould as herein-before

page_text: .
explained. With the object of providing the necessary elasticity for the
down stroke of the improved top or lid which is to press the quarry into
shape, according to my improved Invention, as before explained, a
sufficient quantity of india-rubber, gutta percha, or other similar
material is placed underneath the mould. Thus when the said lid or
top plate comes down upon the open mould which is filled with clay
or dust or other plastic material requiring to be pressed, the said mould
momentarily gives way, but immediately afterwards rebounding comes
against the said lid or top plate, and the quarry is formed without any
fringe, and in a more complete manner than formerly.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PNEUMATIc Apparatus to BE EMPLOYED FOR SIGNALLING AND INDICATING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Raffaele Vagnolini at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
September 1871.
I, RAFFAELE VAGNOLINI, of Princes' Square, Kennington, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PNEUMATIc Apparatus to BE EMPLOYED FOR SIGNALLING
AND INDICATING," to be as follows :—
This Invention consists in the construction of receiving or recording
instruments for pneumatic telegraphs, whereby the messages sent are
indicated in a more rapid, simple, and efficient manner than by the
instruments as ordinarily constructed.
The apparatus consists of clockwork mechanism similar in con-
struction to the works of a spring clock.
On the face of one of the
principal wheels of this mechanism teeth or stops are placed,
corresponding in number to the number of signals it is desired to
give, which teeth or stops are held and released by a lever or detent,
which is actuated by means of a diaphragm, as herein-after mentioned.
In front of this mechanism is a face or dial, on which are placed the

page_text: symbols or words used, according to the code employed, and a hand is
fixed on to the spindle so as to revolve therewith. When it is desired
to send a message the person in charge of the transmitting instrument,
which is of the ordinary construction, passes a current of air into the
transmitting pipe, which is provided at that end which enters the
receiving or recording instrument with an air-tight diaphragm, which,
upon the air being passed through the pipe rises or swells, thereby
raising a plate carrying the lever or detent, which is placed immediately
above the diaphragm, and releases the teeth or stops on the wheel, thus
setting the clockwork mechanism in motion, and causing the hand to ]
revolve until it is stopped at any desired point by the atmospheric
pressure in the pipe being removed, when the diaphragm collapses and
lowers the plate and lever, which thereupon holds the teeth or stops on
the wheel, and prevents it from revolving further.
Instead of the teeth or stops being placed on one of the ordinary 1
wheels of the clockwork mechanism they may be placed on an
additional wheel provided for that purpose.
In lieu of a hand being placed on the spindle, as herein-before
mentioned, the apparatus can be applied to railway and other signals,
by placing the coloured glasses or the semaphore arms themselves on to 2
the spindle, in which case when the diaphragm is expanded and the..
teeth on the wheel released the glass or arm revolves in front of the
lantern until the required colour is shown or signal given, when the
atmospheric pressure is removed from the pipe and the signal held in
the position required.
A pneumatic bell may be provided for the purpose of drawing the
attention of the person in chargo of the receiving instrument to the
signal given.
2
AN IMPROVED COM- POUND SOLUTION SUITABLE AS A VEHICLE TO MIX WITH PIGMENTS AND COLORING MATTERS IN THE PREPARATION OF PAINT
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hiram André Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th August 1871.-A communication from abroad by Porter
Smart, of Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
I, HIRAM ANDRÉ JOHNSON, of Lothbury, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COM-
POUND SOLUTION SUITABLE AS A VEHICLE TO MIX WITH PIGMENTS AND COLORING
MATTERS IN THE PREPARATION OF PAINT," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in combining together the following ingredients
in the following proportions:-First dissolve about three pounds of pure
gum caoutchouc or india-rubber (by preference pure Para rubber gum)
in about forty gallons of benzole of the gravity of seventy-one degrees
Beaumé, then add thereto about eight ounces of sulphuric ether to
facilitate the dissolution of the rubber, and stir the whole occasionally.

page_text: For mixing cheap mineral paints use the pigments with half a gallon
raw or boiled linseed oil, as may be desired, adding half a gallon of the
aforesaid rubber solution. All shades of color may be produced by the
use of different colors, the same as in the old-method of mixing paints.
If it is desired to paint cloth or paper 'surfaces with paint made as
above described, first use a sizing of glue.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONICAL BULLETS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Green at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
February 1871.
I, WILLIAM Green, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CONICAL BULLETS," to be as follows:-
:-
Conical bullets as now made are solid cones, but I propose instead of
this to cause the cone to be fluted from its point with two, three, four,
or any greater number of flutes or grooves. Bullets so made will
necessarily offer a smaller resistance to the air through which they are
propelled than solid bullets would do, but will, so to speak, cut their
way through with much greater facility. They will also from their
construction necessarily have a much greater facility of penetration than
solid bullets would have.
My improved bullet will by preference be of the same weight as the
solid bullet now used, but will in consequence be a little more elongated
though of the same diameter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOKS FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Belicard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
August 1871.
I, JULES BELICARD, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOKS FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS," to be as follows :—
This Invention relates to looms for weaving pile fabrics, such as
velvets, plushes, and others of a similar nature, whether plain or figured,
and as cloth or ribbons, and the object is to make the pile more level
and perfect than has hitherto been attained by very simple and econo-
mical arrangements and contrivances.
Instead of using four warp beams for the pile and foundation I use
only two, weighted simply by cords and weights, and for the pile I
employ two healds, and four or eight for the foundation, the warps
being crossed by lease rods, and these healds are worked up and down
by cords, rods, and levers connected to a jacquard, dobby, or other well-
known pattern apparatus. For keeping the fabric at a uniform

page_text: thickness in order to enable the pile to be perfectly level, I place wires
between the sheds both of the pile and foundation warps at the part of
beating up, the wires being of any required thickness according to the
intended strength of the fabric, and it is these wires which prevent the.
fabric from being beaten up unevenly. I prefer to give three picks for 5
the pile part of the fabric and three picks for each part of the founda-
tion, and so on consecutively, so that both the pile part and foundation
shall be firmly allied together, and both the warps and weft for the pile
part are of any required colors according to the intended pattern- or
design. These wires are either placed between the sheds by hand or by 1
ordinary self-acting movements as in carpet weaving, and to give time
for this operation to be performed for both the pile and foundation I
drive the crank shaft from a bottom shaft by toothed wheels having
spaces between the teeth to give the required pauses.
AN IMPROVED VENTILATING HAT OR COVERING FOR THE HEAD, MORE PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE FOR TROPICAL COUNTRIES AND AT SEA
Year: 1871

page_text: 1
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th July 1871. A communication from abroad by Achille
Chevrillon, of No. 41, Rue de la Victorie, Paris, France, Merchant.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED VENTILATING
HAT OR COVERING FOR THE HEAD, MORE PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE FOR TROPICAL
COUNTRIES AND AT SEA," to be as follows:―
This Invention consists in constructing a ventilating hat or covering
for the head, principally designed for use in tropical countries, composed
of a body of a rounded conical form and of any suitable material, such
as felt, straw, leather, prepared paper, cardboard, vulcanized india-rubber,
vulcanite, gutta percha, or even thin sheet metal, which may be coated
or covered with varnish, paint, or other preservative coating, or it may
be covered with muslin, silk, or other textile fabric and be trimmed in
any more or less ornamental manner when intended for the use of ladies
or children.
This body is supported over the head at a certain distance
from the same by an independent flexible head band which fits upon

page_text: the head, and to which the body is connected by three or more stiff
straps or connecting pieces of leather or other suitable material secured
by sewing, rivetting, or any other suitable fastening. The head band is
by preference constructed with an adjustable joint so as to be capable
of being enlarged or reduced in size so as to fit the head accurately.
It will be seen that as the air has access to the space between the
head and the covering it will circulate freely therein (as indicated by
the arrows in the accompanying Drawing) and will thus always keep
the head cool.
On the accompanying Drawing Figure 1 shows a vertical section of
one form of the improved hat, and Figure 2 shews a plan of the same
viewed from the under side.
a is the body; b is the head band of flexible leather connected to the
body by four straps c secured either by sewing or by rivets or cyelets d
or other suitable fastening; x is a covering to the body a of any suitable 1
textile fabric or other material as before described.
Figures 3 and 4 shew respectively an elevation and plan of another
form of the improved hat, of which the body f is made of straw
ornamented with a binding of ribbon or other material g. The head
band is either of leather or of any other suitable flexible material, such 2
as india-rubber or oilcloth. The connecting straps i, i, are secured by
rivets or by sewing as before.
Figure 5 shews a head band with adjustable joint, the ends of the
band being provided with sliding loops m, m, and with rows of holes
through which is passed a stud n so as to secure the band when adjusted 2
to the proper dimensions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDING GAS CHANDELIERS OR GASALIERS, AND OTHER SLIDING GAS LAMPS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
November 1871.
I, SAMUEL SMITH, of Aston, near Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDING GAS CHANDELIERS OR GASALIERS, AND OTHER SLIDING
GAS LAMPS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the arrangement or combination of parts
herein-after described for supporting and adjusting the parts of sliding
gas chandeliers or gasaliers, and other sliding gas lamps, whereby the
said supporting and adjusting is effected in a simple and efficient manner,
and the ordinary water slide or packing and balance weights are dispensed
with.
I will describe my Invention as applied to a chandelier or gasalier.
To the ceiling of the room a supply pipe is fixed in the usual manner.
In the lower end of this fixed supply pipe a hollow or concave screw is
made, the said screw constituting a screw box. In the said screw box a

page_text: quick threaded convex screw takes the said screw, being hollow or
tubular, and having near its bottom a collar upon which the body of the
chandelier is supported. The screw described is rotated and its position
fixed by the arrangement herein-after described. The body of the
chandelier carries two or more gas branches, a gas way in the hollow or
tubular screw conveying gas to the said body. The said hollow or
tubular screw is capable of rotating within the body of the chandelier, a
gas-tight joint being made between the parts by means of a packing.
Fixed to the body of the chandelier is a tube which is situated outside
the fixed tube in which the screw box is formed, the said outer tube
being capable of sliding up or down the fixed inner tube, but incapable of
rotating upon it. A packing is situated between the two tubes. When
the parts are arranged as described the body of the chandelier is supported
by the collar on the central hollow or tubular screw, and the latter by the
screw box in which it is engaged.
In order to adjust the moveable parts of the chandelier and to fix them
I adopt the following arrangement of parts:-At the bottom of the hollow
or tubular screw is a worm wheel with the teeth of which a worm gears.
The said worm is situated at right angles to the axis of the worm wheel,
and the said worm turns in bearings carried by the body of the chandelier.
By rotating the worm motion is transmitted through the worm wheel to
the central hollow screw, and the latter is made to rise or fall in its fixed
screw box, the lower part of the said screw turning within the body of the
chandelier. As the central screw rises or falls the body of the chandelier
is carried with it, the outer tube sliding upon the fixed inner tube or
gas supply pipe..
In this way the height of the chandelier may be adjusted, the sorew
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING ESPARTO GRASS AND SIMILAR MATERIALS FOR PAPER
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Stewart and John
Wallace at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 1st February 1871.
WC, ROBERT STEWART, of the Overton Paper Mills, Greenock, in the
County of Renfrew, and JOHN WALLACE, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING ESPARTO GRASS AND SIMILAR MATERIALS
FOR PAPER," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object to save labor and expense in
dealing with such materials for paper as esparto grass, and to prepare
the materials more effectually than hitherto, so as to facilitate the
subsequent chemical and other processes to which the materials are
subjected in making paper.
The improved machinery is designed to crush, bruise, or break the
grass, to then beat it, and thereby disintegrate it and loosen the fibres
and dust, and to finally separate the fibres from the dust. At one end
of a framing a pair of horizontal rollers are mounted, and the grass is
fed in between them, pressure being applied by weights or springs to
bruise or crush the grass sufficiently. On proceeding inwards from the

page_text: rollers the grass is encountered by a series of blades or beaters upon a
revolving drum, being struck in an upward direction, and being carried
round and over by the beaters as it gradually gets away from the rollers.
A cover is placed over the drum, and is made of perforated metal, in
order that a portion of the loosened dust or pulverulent matter may pass
through. On the inner side of the drum there is a free passage for the
grass into a cylindrical casing, and it is carried round the lower part of
this casing by a series of rakes mounted on a revolving shaft, and the
main body of it is delivered at the opposite side. The part of the
casing over which the grass is raked is perforated or made of wire
gauze, and dust and fine fibres pass through and down, upon an inclined
reciprocating sieve or riddle, by which the fine fibres are separated from
the dust. By these means the fibrous constituents of the grass are
obtained in a purer and better prepared condition than hitherto, and
are rendered suitable for making a superior paper, whilst the arrange-
ments render the ordinary practice of picking out the roots of the grass
quite unnecessary, and admit of their fibrous constituents being utilised.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STANDS FOR UMBRELLAS, TO BE APPLIED TO RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Bolton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
October 1871.
I, FREDERICK BOLTON, of Eccles, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF STANDS FOR UMBRELLAS, TO BE APPLIED TO RAILWAY
CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
It is well known to persons who are in the habit of travelling by rail-
way in wet weather the inconvenience felt on getting into a carriage
with a dripping umbrella and having no place to put it except to hold it
against the knees, which is not only unpleasant to the holder and fellow
travellers but causes the carriage floor to become wet and damp for the
feet, such being very disagreeable.
This Invention is intended to remedy these evils and to utilize the
lower part of each railway carriage door by attaching thereto a movable
or fixed stand for umbrellas.
I propose to attach horizontally to the inside of the lower part of each
railway carriage door two, three, or more bars or rods, these bars being

page_text: divided into three, four, or more parts, as may be convenient and
according to the size of door, each part being large enough to hold
an umbrella. The bottom bar is to be formed like a trough for the
umbrella to rest in or upon and to receive the water which drips there-
from. This trough may be perforated, so as to allow the water to drain
off to the outside of the carriage.
It will be evident that instead of the horizontal bars or rods a solid
panel of wood, sheet iron, or other suitable material may be employed
and fixed permanently, or hinged (so as to open and admit of being
cleaned when necessary) to the carriage door, which would form a screen
and prevent the clothing of travellers coming in contact with the wet
umbrellas.
The l
A NEW OR IMPROVED MATERIAL OR COMPOSITION FOR BOOT- SOLING, WATERPROOFING, INSULATING, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Davis and Thomas
Struthers at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 28th August 1871.
We, CHARLES DAVIS and THOMAS STRUTHERS, both of Mile End, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MATERIAL OR COMPOSITION FOR BOOT-
SOLING, WATERPROOFING, INSULATING, AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The essential ingredients of this new or improved material or com-
position are cane or cocoa-nut fibre, bottoms of varnish, gutta percha,
and a little stone ochre. The fibre is cut up fine, and mixed with. the
bottoms of varnish and gutta percha in or about the proportion of equal
parts of each. The materials are then exposed to a moderate heat for
about a quarter to half an hour while being stirred or mixed by any
suitable apparatus; a small quantity of stone ochre and if required
pigments to colour it are mixed in with the material while being stirred,
or they may be put in before heating if desired. The material when the
various parts are well mixed and incorporated is then ready for being

page_text: made up or manufactured into sheets, cords, or other articles, or to
be used for covering telegraph wires.
When rolled into sheets of suitable thickness we have found this
material particularly suitable for soles of boots.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR PUNCHING, SHEARING, AND CUTTING PLATES FOR SHIPS, BOILERS, GASOMETRES, WATER TANKS, AND SIMILAR VESSELS OR ARTICLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Balme and Arthur
Benjamin Crossley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 17th February 1871.
We, ALFRED BALME and ARTHUR BENJAMIN CROSSLEY, trading under
the Style or Firm of "Balme and Crossley," of Halifax, in the County
of York, Engineers and Machine Tool Makers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS
FOR PUNCHING, SHEARING, AND CUTTING PLATES FOR SHIPS, BOILERS, GASOMETRES,
WATER TANKS, AND SIMILAR VESSELS OR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
Heretofore great difficulty has been experienced in punching holes in
such plates at equal and regular distances apart and in right lines or
other proper direction, in consequence of the workman not being able
to move the plate under operation the given distance or direction
required during the withdrawal or up-stroke of the punch, which has
come down upon the plate and perforated it before the workman had
moved the plate the required distance or position, consequently holes
have been punched very irregularly, which is inconvenient and objec-

page_text: tionable in rivetting and bolting plates together in the formation and
construction of vessels of various kinds.
Now our Invention is intended to remedy these objections, and
consists in the employment of a moving or moveable table upon which
the plates to be punched, sheared, or cut is placed, which table is made
to move intermittently and operate self-actingly by means of cams,
excentrics, tappets, or other available means. At each side or end of
this table are placed two or more punches, which are operated so as to
punch both sides of the plate simultaneously at the intervals when the
table is stationary; the table then moves forward another distance when 1
other holes are punched. These punches are capable of being moved
and set nearer to or further from each other for larger or smaller sizes
of plates, and are actuated by right-and-left handed screws; and instead
of the punches, or in addition thereto, shears or cutting tools may be
applied to cut such plates to any desirable shape and size. By means 1
of these improvements holes may be punched at any equal or other
distance apart, and plates may be sheared or cut any desirable shape
and size with greater rapidity than by hand, consequently a great saving
in both time and labour is effected.
IMPROVED MEDICINAL COMPOUNDS FOR THE TREATMENT OF CANCER AND OTHER DISEASES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 14th July 1871. — A communication from abroad by Francis
Baker, of the City, County, and State of New York, United
States of America.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED MEDICINAL COMPOUNDS FOR THE TREATMENT OF
CANCER AND OTHER DISEASES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the preparation of medicinal compounds
for the cure of cancer and other diseases, in which compounds the
plant known as cundurango forms an ingredient. The said plant is
found in Ecuador and other parts of South America.
In order to prepare an improved medicinal compound I prefer to
use the bark of the plant cundurango, although any other part of the
plant may be employed. The bark is to be finely divided, and is then
steeped or boiled in a sufficient quantity of water or alcohol to form
an extract of the desired strength, and the compound thus made is
ready for use. When water is used I find that half an ounce of the

page_text: cundurango bark boiled in three ounces of water makes a compound
of proper strength for medicinal purposes and for the cure of cancer
and other diseases. A proper dose of the compound is one common
teacupfull taken in the morning, and another teacupfull taken at night.
If the patient is troubled with ulcers they should be kept very clean
by the use of aromatic wine or simple ointment according to the degree
of inflammation.
The solid extracts of the cundurango will be found highly useful
and convenient for producing medical compounds or mixing with other
medicines. In order to produce the solid extract of cundurango I form
the compound before described by steeping or boiling the plant in water
or alcohol until the extract is complete. I then evaporate the liquid
contained in the compound until the solid extract remains, which may
then be employed for medicinal purposes in the form of solutions or
tinctures, and may if desired be mixed with other ingredients or
medicines.
For pills I grind the plant cundurango very fincly, and mix it with
the paste or other ingredients of which the pills are to be compounded, or
I add the within described compounds of the cundurango to the pill mass.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Porter at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th March 1871.
I, WILLIAM HENRY PORTER, of Head's Nook, in the County of
Cumberland, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of my said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER," to be as
follows:-
=
This Invention relates to that class of apparatus for raising water
which is known as the hydraulic ram, and consists in substituting for
the ordinary flap valve used in the cistern in connection with the ram
a self-acting valve, the ordinary flap valve requiring frequent personal
attention in order to maintain the hydraulic ram in proper working
order, whilst the improved self-acting valve arrangement herein-after
described requires no personal supervision whatever. The valve itself
is jointed to a horizontal balance lever carrying an adjustable weight at
the end opposite to the valve. An upright arm on this lever springing
from the part where the fulcrum is placed carries a bob weight at or
near its upper end, and this arm assumes a vertical position when the
valve is closed or down. But when the valve is lifted or thrown open

page_text: the bob weight tips over to one side, and then serves to keep the valve
open until it is closed again. The opening and closing of this self-
acting valve are accomplished by means of a float, which slides along
a vertical spindle working through a guide at the top of the cistern,
and passing through a fork in the end of the balance lever, and provided
with a nut or stop on the bottom end below the end of the said lever.
An adjustable stop is fitted to this spindle, its height being regulated
by the level of the water when the cistern is full. When the float
rises to the stop it is there held till the valve gives way, and then it
rises to the guide at or near the top of the cistern, but when the water
level descends again by the escape of the water from the cistern the
float travels down its spindle until it rests upon the end of the balance
lever, and so closes the valve, the apparatus continuing to work auto-
matically by the filling and emptying of the cistern.