IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF FABRICS IN TWIST LACE MACHINES
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Booth, of Gamble Street, Nottingham,
Draftsman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF FABRICS IN TWIST LACE MACHINES."
Sealed the 23rd June 1868, and dated the 29th April 1868.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Joseph Booth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 29th April 1868, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1, JOSEPH
BOOTH, of Gamble Street, Nottingham, Draftsman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF FABRICS IN TWIST LACE MACHINES," and in what manner the same is
to performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture
of fabrics in twist lace machines.

page_text: In the manufacture in twist lace machines of some descriptions or
ornamental fabrics, such as edgings, it is required to produce in parts of
the fabric bands or portions of considerable substance or thickness.
Now according to my Invention in producing such bands or portions
I cause zig-zags or traverses of a slack warp thread or of slack warp
threads to be distended on bobbin threads which are themselves
dominated so as to cause them to encircle a group of other warp threads.
The following is the manner in which I prefer to operate :-In
producing each such thick band or portion I employ two bobbin threads
and six warp threads (which may also be supplemented with other or
extra threads). Of the warp threads, four of them are of such a tension
as to dominate the bobbin threads or cause the bobbin threads to pass
around them whilst they stand comparatively straight in the work; one
of these warps is carried by a back warp bar, another by a front bar,
and two by middle bars. The back, front, and one of the middle warp
threads are caused to lap with one of the two bobbin threads above
mentioned in such a manner as to cause it to pass around them
collectively. In a similar manner and simultaneously the back, the
front, and the other middle warp thread are caused to lap with the
other of the bobbin threads. The two middle warp threads are held
apart by being attached to the other parts of the fabric, the one on one
side the other on the opposite side. The front and back warp threads
are kept apart, and the bobbin threads are prevented from collapsing
them or drawing them together by means of the two remaining warp
threads of the six, which are engaged in the production of this portion of
the fabric. These two warp threads are carried by bars intermediate
of the back and middle bars, and the front and middle bars respectively,
and the threads are so lightly weighted as to be dominated by the bobbin
threads; each of these warp threads is caused to pass from one bobbin
to the other, catching upon each of them so as to form zig-zags or
traverses, or as it were to weave a spot, which is kept in form notwith-
standing that the bobbin threads on which it hangs are drawn around
the other warp threads by these other warp threads standing before and
behind it. In this way a thick band or portion of fabric is produced
consisting of four warp threads standing comparatively straight in the
work and held apart the one from the other, with the space between
them filled by the zig-zags or traverses of the two slack warp threads
and by the convolutions of the bobbin threads.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a diagram of an edging such as may be made according
to my Invention.
a, a, is a plain band or tape of tabby weaving, and'
b and c are thick bands produced according to my Invention. As will
be seen the inner thick band b is attached at intervals to the plain
band or tape a, and the two thick bands b and c are caused to interlock
at intervals, from which in conjunction with the action of the lacing
threads it results that the thick bands b and c take the form of reversed
scollops as the diagram indicates.
It will however be understood that my Invention in no way consists
in the particular pattern of the fabric produced, but in the peculiar.
construction of the thick bands or parts.
Figure 2 is a diagram shewing a transverse section of one of these
bands highly magnified; the section may be supposed to be taken at the
line 1, 1, Figure 1. The four black circles in this diagram represent
the four dominating warp threads. a is the back warp, 6 the front, and c
and d the two middle warp threads. The two red lines e and fin the
diagram represent the two bobbin threads which are caused to encircle.
the dominating warp threads, each bobbin thread passing around three
of them, as is shown. The two thick black lines g and h represent the
two slack warp threads, which are dominated by the bobbins, and which
by catching upon them alternately weave as it were spots, which are
kept in shape notwithstanding the positions into which the bobbin
threads they are formed upon are drawn by being shut in between tho:
middle warp threads and the front or the back warp thread of the band,.
as is shewn. The two blue lines represent bobbin threads adjacent to
those which encircle the dominating warp threads; they are caught by
the middle warp threads, and so the thick band or part is attached to
other portions of the fabric, and the middle warps are held apart.
.
The figures at the top of the diagram, Figure 1, indicate the number
of the bobbin threads in the fabric and their lines of work, except that
there is no bobbin corresponding to the Figure 5, but the space in the
combs where this bobbin would come is left roid.
"
•
.

page_text: The table, Figure 3, indicates in the manner well understood by lace
manufacturers the motions of each of the warp bars employed in
making the fabric represented in the diagram, Figure 1. These bars
are twenty-four in number, but there are a greater number of warp
threads concerned in the production of each breadth, the bars numbered
from 3 to 10 inclusive and the bar No. 20 being double threaded.
The bars numbered from 4 to 11 inclusive produce the plain band a;
this band is wefted by two bobbins, each wefting half of it; these
bobbins are the bobbins marked 9 and 10 in the diagram, Figure 1.
: The bars Nos. 23 and 24 actuate lacing threads, and No. 12 actuates
thread in the plain band a serving to fasten in the lace No. 24; the
action of these bars and of the threads which they carry is sufficiently
indicated by the table. The remaining bars are those concerned in or
immediately connected with the production of the thick bands b and c,
and their motions to produce this band are drawn out in detail in
diagram, Figure 4.
Nos. 13, 14, 15, are bars carrying the middle dominating warps of
the band b. The thread of the bar 15 constantly works down the left-
hand side of the band, and the threads of the bars 13 and 14 act as a
single thread so long as the scollop is attached to the band a, but when
they separate the thread 13 works in the band a, and the thread 14
álone works down the right-hand side of the band b.
The bars Nos. 16 and 19 carry the middle warp threads of the
band c.
The warp threads carried by the bars Nos. 1 and 2 each work
alternately as the back warp thread of the two bands b and c, and
similarly the threads carried by the bars Nos. 21 and 22 each work
alternately as the front warp
thread thereof.
The bar No. 3 carries the slack warp thread intermediate of the
back warp thread and the middle warp threads of each of the bands b
and c. The bar No. 20 carries the corresponding threads intermediate
of the front and middle warp threads of each band.
The bar No. 17 carries a warp thread which passes down the left-
hand side of the band b, and twisting on the bobbin 6 it forms a
pillar which supports the middle warp of the band b on the left-
hand side. This thread also aids in connecting the bands 6 and c.

page_text: The bar No. 18 carries a thread which acts in a similar manner on
the right-hand side of the band c. It will be observed that the two
bobbin threads of each thick band or portion each swing through the
warp threads as in making a weaving, but the front and back warp
threads and the slack warp threads are common to two such weavings
simultaneously produced.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, I would have it understood that what
I claim is, the manufacture of fabrics in twist lace machines with thick
bands or portions in each of which zig-zags or traverses of a slack
warp thread (or of slack warp threads) are distended on bobbin
threads which are themselves dominated so as to cause them to encircle
a group of other
of other warp threads.
I also claim in the manufacture of fabrics in twist lace machines
the production of thick bands or portions in the manner herein
particularly described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Booth, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day or April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.