NEW-INVENTED MACHINE OR AIR PUMP
Year: 1783

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JACOB
BERNARD HAAS, of Great Marlborough Street, in the Parish of Saint James,
Westminster, Mathematical and Philosophical Instrument Maker, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date the
Twenty-second day of August, in the twenty-third year of His reign, did give
and grant unto me, the said Jacob Bernard Haas, my executors, administrators;
and assigns, His Majestie's special licence, full power, sole priviledge and
authority, that I, the said Jacob Bernard Haas, my exors, admors, and
assigns, from time to time and at all times during the term of fourteen years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might use, exercise, and vend, within
that part of Great Britain called England, His said Majestie's Dominion of
Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my "NEW-INVENTED MACHINE OR AIR
PUMP," in such manner as to me, my exors, admors, and assigns, should seem
meet, and that I, the said Jacob Bernard Haas, my exors, admors, and
assigns, shall and lawfully may have and enjoy the whole profit, benefit,
commodity, and advantage accruing and arising from the said Invention
during the term aforesaid; and there is a proviso contained in the said Letters
Patent obliging me, the said Jacob Bernard Haas, by an instrument in writing

page_text: under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature
of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and
to cause the same to be inrolled in His Majestie's High Court of Chancery
within four months next after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that a Plan or Section of the said Machine or Air
Pump is drawn in the margin of these Presents, and a description thereof,
and the manner the same is to be performed, is as follows:--
This machine consist of the following parts -A hollow barrel M, X,
through which the piston moves up and down when motion is communicated
to its handle V, by means of the rackwork, wheel, and handle, that are placed
towards the upper end of the wooden frame of the machine, much like what
is usually practised in other air pumps. The piston U consists of three brass
picces; to wit, the upper one, which is screwed to the handle V, and round
which are the round pieces of leather which make it air-tight into the barrel,
and the two lower pieces, which are screwed on within the other, and the
largest of which is screwed to the above-mentioned upper piece. The smallest
of those pieces is perforated quite through, and has some oil silk stretched
over its lower end, which oil-silk; by bearing against a hole made in the other
piece, forms a valve, which permits the air to pass from the under part of
the barrell upwards through the hole of the piston, which goes likewise a
short way through the handle, but it effectually prevents the air going in the
contrary direction. To the upper part of the barrell, the piece W is fastned
air-tight by means of screws with a leather between. This piece contains a
collar of leathers, through which the handle of the pistor passes. These leathers
are pressed down by the piece 2, which at the same time serves as a bason
to hold some oil at X. In the piece W is another valve, like that in the
piston, which permits the air to pass from the cavity of the barrel to the
vessell Y, through the tube which connects the former with the latter, but
prevents its return. The vessell Y serves to receive the oil, which by working
the machine is gradually brought towards its upper part,, and which may be
occasionally drained out by unscrewing the nut Z. The cavity of the vessell Y
communicates through a hole which is manifest in the Drawing with the
hole of the stopcock F, and from thence with the atmosphere throug the
aperture N. To the lower part of the barrel is fastened, by means of screws
with a leather, the piece 3, which contains a valve constructed so as to let
the air enter the cavity of the barrel, but preventing its return. It contains
likewise a mechanism to open this valve from without, which is the principal
and most useful improvement of this my air pump, and which mechanism I

page_text: use to construct two different ways; the first method is represented in Fig. 1st
and 2d, and the second method is represented in Fig. 3d.
In Fig. 1st T is a prominence of the piece 3, from the middle of which a
perforation proceeds in a crooked direction through the piece 5 into the
tube 4, by which means the cavity of the barrel communicates with the cavity
of the said tube. Round the prominence T there is a double ring N, N,
which fits the space left between the prominence T and the sides of the barrel;
the two parts of this ring are screwed together, and between them is held"
fast the edge of a round piece of oil silk, which by this means is kept stretched
over the prominence T, and consequently covers the hole O. Hence it appears
that in working the instrument the air cannot pass from the cavity of the
barrel into that of the tube 4, K, but the air can easily go from the latter
into the former, because by its elasticity the oil silk will be raised a little
above the hole O, so that the air coming between the oil silk and the promi-
nence T will pass into the barrel through some small holes made in the piece
of oil silk very near the ring N, N. It will be easily understood that the air
can pass from the tube 4 into the cavity of the barrel only when its elasticity
is powerful enough to raise the oil silk which covers the hole O; but as the
elasticity of the air which is to be exhausted from the receiver soon becomes
too weak for that purpose, therefore I have contrived means to open the
valve, by applying the foot upon a lever, which communicates with and lifts
up the lever P, the axis of which is formed by the extremity of the arm 5,
which communicates motion to the oil silk, in the following manner :-The
ring N, N, is fastened to two steel wires, which, passing through two collars
of leather, kept in two vessels, one of which only Q is visible, Fig. 1st, are
fastened to the lever P, so that if the lever P is raised upwards, the above-
mentioned two wires, and consequently the double ring N, N, with the oil
silk, will be lifted up, and thus the communication between the barrel and the
tube 4, K, &c. is laid open, so that the air, howsoever weakned in elasticity,
may freely pass from the latter into the former when the piston U is drawn
upwards. S is a brass tube, containing a spiral steel spring, which bearing
against the extremity of the lever P pushes it, and of course the ring N, N,
with the oil silk, downwards, so as to shut the hole O when the pressure of the
foot is removed.
Fig. 2d, gives a better idea of this contrivance, it being a section of the
mechanism through a plane perpendicular to the plane of the section, Fig. 1st ;
the other method of opening the valve is represented in Fig. 3. Here the
piece 3 has no prominence within the barrel, but a piece of oil silk is kept
stretched upon its large perforation 2, 2, by the ring 6, 6, which is sunk and

page_text: screwed fast unto the piece 3. The middle of the piece 3 is perforated by
the large cylindrical hole 2, 2, 9, and this perforation is fitted by the long
pistor c, d, the extremity of which is fastened to the middle of the lever e,
L, the extremity of which when pressed downwards depresses the long
piston c, d; when left at liberty the pistor is replaced in the situation shewn
in the Figure by the spiral steel spring kept in the vessell f, which bears
against a shoulder made upon the axis of the piston. The construction of
this piston is as follows:-Its upper part 2, 2 is a flat piece which fits the
aperture of the hole 2, 2; from this piece downwards as far as g, the axis is
surrounded by circular pieces of leather, the edges of which rub against the
cavity of the cylindrical perforation, but at about the middle of the axis a
piece of brass keeps some of the leathers at a small distance from the others,
so as to prevent the hole t being covered by them when the piston is moved up
and down. This piece stands very loosely upon the axis d, nor does it exactly
fit the cylindrical perforation, and it has a hole on its side. There is also a
perforation from the top of the axis which goes as far as the middle of it,
and there it opens sideway. In this mechanism it is evident that when the
piston is quite up, the air can easily pass from the tube 4, which is fastened
to the piece 3 by a flat termination t, screwed on it thro' the hole t, and
thro' the perforation of the axis into the cavity of the barrel; because the
oil silk 6, 6, is pushed up by the air's elasticity, and then the air coming out
of the hole of the piston enters the barrel thro' some holes made in the oil
silk. But when the air has not elasticity enough to push up the oil silk,
then by applying the foot upon the extremity e of the lever, the upper part
of the piston will be withdrawn from the oil silk, and consequently the com-
munication between the tube 4 and the barrel is laid open.
Let us now return to Fig. 1st, in order to describe the remaining parts of
the machine. The tube 4, K, is, like the upper end of the piece L, adapted to
the piece H, G, E, by a ground conical termination which is made fast into
its sockett by a cap I, and its cavity communicates, through the perforation of
the stopcock F, with the cavity of D, of C, C, and of course with the cavity of
the glass receiver, which is usually placed upon the plate A. In the situation
represented by Fig. 1st, this machine exhausts the air from the receiver; but
if it be required to condence the air into a receiver placed upon the plate A,
then the stopcocks F, F, must be turned half round, so that their lateral
apertures may be both directed towards G, and the required purpose is
answered, as may be easily comprehended by inspecting the Drawing. To
one side of the ball D there is an arm to which the mercurial gage is adapted,
which in principle is the same as is used for other pumps, and to the opposite

page_text: eceiver.
N.B. All the parts of the above-described air pump are of brass, excepting
when the contrary has been mentioned, and the hole is supported by a
vooden frame B, B, B, B, the section of which is indicated in the annexed
Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jacob Bernard Haas, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of December, in the year
Lord One thousand seven hundred and eighty-three.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eleventh day of December, in
the year of our Lord 1783, the aforesaid Jacob Bernard Haas came before
our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and everything therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according to the
tenor of the Statutes made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Eleventh day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand seven hundred and eighty-three.