Method of Working Internal Combustion Motor Engines.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Nov., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 20th Aug., 1900-Accepted, 17th Nov., 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Method of Working Internal Combustion Motor Engines.
1, OLIVER IMRAY, of Birkbeck Bank Chambers, Southampton Buildings, in the
County of London, Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention (as communicated to me from abroad by Heinrich Homberger, of 13,
Puttkamer Strasse, Berlin, Germany, Engineer) to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an improved method of working internal combustion
motor engines which I will explain with reference to the accompanying diagram-
matic drawing, which shews a plan partly in section of a motor engine working
according to this invention. a is a force pump of any suitable construction which
serves to compress a combustible mixture of any desired substances (such as
gaseous) liquid, or pulverulent combustible and air) outside the working cylinder
to a pressure either equal to or higher than the full degree of compression required
for the charges in the cylinder. bis the working cylinder which receives the
mixture in this compressed condition, and in which, after the closing of the
admission device, it is ignited and burnt.
Assuming the engine to be at work, and that, by the combustion of a charge
on the left hand side of the piston and the resulting expansion, the piston has
been made to travel to the right hand and has arrived at the dead point position d
shewn, then in the first instance during the entire return stroke from right to
left, the combustion gases will be driven out through the opened valve h.
Towards the end of such stroke, such as in the dotted position of the piston,
the valve his closed, whereupon valve f is opened, through which compressed
combustible mixture is introduced into the combustion space of the cylinder from
the pump, the valve f being closed again as rapidly as possible. The combustible
mixture is then ignited by any suitable known means and in burning it drives
the piston to the right hand again.
The opening and closing of the valve f for the admission of the completely com-
pressed mixture must be effected as rapidly as possible while the piston is near
the dead point d¹. The cross sectional area of this valve (or of these valves, if
there are more than one) should be made as large as possible, and the excess of
pressure above the desired degree of compression of the charges, produced by the
pump a must be so chosen that the filling of the combustion space in the working
cylinder with a fresh charge of mixture shall take place in the above described
short space of time. The valve f must be so arranged that it alternately effects
an air tight closure in the direction from inside to outside (during the explosion
and combustion period) and from outside to inside (during the expansion and
discharge of the combustion gases): it consequently requires to be of a special
construction which does not form part of this invention and which need therefore
not be described.
The pump a, instead of being actuated by the crank shaft as shewn can be
worked by a rearward extension of the piston rod of the cylinder b. It may also
be dispensed with altogether if in place thereof the inner part of the working

page_text: cylinder, facing the cross head, be formed as a pump. This pump a can also be
employed in such a manner as indicated by the dotted lines, that the one side
thereof, k, only draws in and compresses gas, while the other side, l, only draws
in and compresses air, so that both constituents are only brought together in the
supply pipe near the valve f at m, with or without the use of a mixing device, or
they may enter the cylinder through separate valves.
Also, in place of using the two sides of the pump separately as described, there
may be provided for the same purpose two separate pumps; this arrangement would
be more particularly employed when liquid or solid pulverulent combustibles,
are used but it could also be used for gases. Generally, any arrangement of pump
may be employed, by means of which the said compression of the mixture or of
its constituents to the full degree of compression or higher, can be effected and
also, stage compression may be used for the purpose.
The pump can also be driven by any suitable transmission gear from the engine,
or it may be worked quite independently thereof, this being more particularly
applicable if the place where the combustible gases are produced (such as with
blast furnace gases, natural gases &c) is situated at some distance from the locality
where the motor engine b is situated, or if for instance a liquid combustible is to
be supplied from a distance.
b
Between the pump a and cylinder may be placed a recipient c which may also
contain any known device for preventing the accidental striking back of the flame
from the engine in the case of this getting out of order.
The compression cylinder a can be arranged to work either with or without a
water cooling jacket or with injection of cooling water, and the recipient c may be
provided with such a device.
The new method of operating can be applied either to four-stroke cycle or to
two-stroke cycle motor engines, but it is applicable with particular advantage to
double acting engines, as shown on the accompanying drawing, with the com-
municating pipes arranged as shewn in full lines, in which the valves g and i at
the inner end of the cylinder fulfil the same purpose as before described with
reference to the valves f and h at the outer end.
Although the piston'd will expel a volume of combustion gases corresponding
to the volume represented by its stroke, without the use of artificial clearing
charges of air, yet it may under certain circumstances be desirable to clear out
the residual quantity of the combustion gases contained in the combustion space.
For this purpose a current of air produced by any suitable means, introduced
through a valve e can be employed such air being made, before the closing of
valve and before the opening of valve f, to drive such residual combustion gases
out of the combustion space through the discharge pipe.
The regulation of the engine may be effected either by the variation of the
degree of compression produced by the force pump a, or by varying the composition
of the combustible mixture or by variation of the quantity of such mixture intro-
duced for one charge or by a combination of these means.
Dated this 27th day of November 1899.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
Method of Working Internal Combustion Motor Engines.
I, OLIVER IMRAY, of Birkbeck Bank Chambers, Southampton Buildings, in the
County of London, Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this

page_text: invention (as communicated to me from abroad by Heinrich Homberger, of 13,
Puttkamer Strasse, Berlin, Germany, Engineer) and in what manner the same.
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:
-
This invention relates to an improved method of working two stroke internal
combustion motor engines which I will explain with reference to the accompanying
diagrammatic drawing, which shews a plan partly in section of a motor engine
working according to this invention. a is a force pump of any suitable construc-
tion which serves to compress a combustible mixture of any desired substances
(such as gaseous, liquid; or pulverulent combustible and air) outside the working
cylinder to a pressure either equal to or higher than the full degree of compression
required for the charges in the cylinder. 6 is the working cylinder which receives
the mixture in this compressed condition, and in which, after the closing of the
admission device, it is ignited and burnt."
Assuming the engine to be at work, and that, by the combustion of a charge on
the left hand side of the piston and the resulting expansion, the piston has been
made to travel to the right hand and has arrived at the dead point position das
shewn, then in the first instance during the entire return stroke from right to
left, the combustion gases will be driven out through the opened valve h.
In order to expel the last portions of the combustion gases, a current of air pro-
duced by any known means is introduced into the cylinder through valve e, to-
wards the end of the stroke, for instance, when the piston is near the dead point d',
which air expels the combustion gases through the exhaust valve h and takes the
place of such gases, before the valve his closed and the valve f opened. The
valve h is now closed whereupon valve f is opened, through which compressed
combustible mixture is introduced into the combustion space of the cylinder from
the pump, the valve f being closed again as rapidly as possible. The combustible
mixture is then ignited by any suitable known means and in burning it drives the
piston to the right hand again.
The opening and closing of the valve f for the admission of the completely
compressed mixture must be effected as rapidly as possible while the piston is
near the dead point d'. The cross sectional area of this valve (or of these valves,
if there are more than one) should be made as large as possible, and the excess
of pressure above the desired degree of compression of the charges, produced by
the pump a must be so chosen that the filling of the combustion space in the work-
ing cylinder with a fresh charge of mixture shall take place in the above
described short time.
The pump a, instead of being actuated by the crank shaft as shewn can be
worked by a rearward extension of the piston rod of the cylinder b. It may also
be dispensed with altogether if in place thereof the front part of the working
cylinder, facing the cross head, be formed as a pump. This pump a can also be
employed in such a manner as indicated by the dotted lines, that the one side
thereof, k, only draws in and compresses air, while the other side 7, only draws
in and compresses gas, so that both constituents are only brought together in the
supply pipe near the valve f at m, with or without the use of a mixing device,
or they may enter the cylinder through separate valves.
Also, in place of using the two sides of the pump separately as described, there
may be provided for the same purpose two separate pumps; this arrangement
would be more particularly employed when liquid or solid pulverulent combustibles
are used but it could also be used for gases. Generally, any arrangement of pump.
may be employed, by means of which the said compression of the mixture or of
its constituents to the full degree of compression or higher, can be effected, and
also stage compression may be used for the purpose.
The pump can also be driven by any suitable transmission gear from the engine,
or it may be worked quite independently thereof, this being more particularly
applicable if the place where the combustible gases are produced (such as with

page_text: blast furnace gases, natural gases &c) is situated at some distance from the locality
where the motor engine b is situated, or if for instance a liquid combustible is to
be supplied from a distance.
Between the pump a and cylinder b may be placed a recipient c which may also
contain any known device for preventing the accidental striking back of the
flame from the engine in the case of this getting out of order.
The compression cylinder a can be arranged to work either with or without a
water cooling jacket or with injection of cooling, water, and the recipient c may
be provided with such a device.
The new method of operating can be applied either to single acting or to double
acting motor engines, but it is applicable with particular advantage to double
acting engines, as shewn on the accompanying drawing, with the communicating
pipes arranged as shewn in full lines, in which the valves g and i at the inner end
of the cylinder fulfil the same purpose as before described with reference to the
valves and h at the outer end.
The expulsion of the residue of combustion gases from the working cylinder,
already referred to, is effected from an air chamber n, which in the first instance
will be considered as not having the pipe shewn in dotted lines.
This chamber
is supplied with pure air under pressure through a pipe o from an air-pump, fan
or blower of any construction, which is driven directly by the engine or from
another source of power. Before the piston d arrives at its dead point the
valve e is opened by its controlling cam before the valve h is closed and while the
valve is still closed. The excess pressure in the air chamber n causes a stream
of pure air to enter the working cylinder ate at the one end and eat the other
end and the combustion gas which remains in the latter is expelled through the
valve h so that there is only pure air left in the working cylinder. When this is
the case both valves h and e are closed while f is opened to admit the combustible
mixture as already described.
When the pump a serves for compressing separately the gas and the air, the
pipe connections shewn in dotted lines are used. The pump, in this case, draws
in on one side of the piston pure air at k and expels it into the air chamber c,
while on the other side of the piston the combustible is drawn in at 7 and expelled
through the pipe m to the inlet valve f. The separate production and feeding
of compressed air through the pipe o is now unnecessary, since by means of a
pipe, the air chamber c can be connected with the valve e for the purpose of
effecting the wash out already described.
The regulation of the engine may be effected either by the variation of the
degree of compression produced by the force pump a, or by varying the com-
position of the combustible mixture or by variation of the quantity of such
mixture introduced for one charge or by a combination of these means.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
Method of working two stroke internal combustion motor engines consisting
in first expelling the greater part of the products of combustion from the working
cylinder by the working piston and the remainder by a charge of air introduced
when the piston is near its dead point, and then introducing the combustible
charge compressed outside the working cylinder up to or beyond the full working
pressure and finally firing the charge thus introduced, substantially as described.
Dated this 20th day of August 1900.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.