IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING. METALLIC SCREW .RIVETS, AND FOR UNITING WITH THEM. PARTS OF BOOTS, SHOES, PORTMANTEAUS LEATHER HOSE BUCKETS HARNESS. AND OTHER LEATHERN ARTICLES
Year: 1858

page_text: Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING. METALLIC SCREW
.RIVETS, AND FOR UNITING WITH THEM. PARTS OF BOOTS, SHOES, PORTMANTEAUS
LEATHER HOSE BUCKETS HARNESS. AND OTHER LEATHERN ARTICLES"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Corner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
November 1858.
I, JOHN CORNER, of 15, Artillery Place, and 16, City Road, Finsbury
Square, London, Boot and Shoe Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING METALLIC
SCREW RIVETS, AND FOR UNITING WITH THEM PARTS OF BOOTS, SHOES, PORTMANTEAUS
LEATHER HOSE, BUCKETS. HARNESS, AND OTHER LEATHERN ARTICLES," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to make screw rivets for uniting together
parts of boots, shoes, portmanteaus, leather hose, buckets, harness, & other
leathern articles, and to screw or rivet such articles by the machine which
forms the screw or rivet from wire.
The machine consists of an ordinary lathe bed 5 ft. long, mounted on the
usual standards and furnished with a crank shaft, treadle, fly-wheel, and speed
pullies, and with headstocks as will be described.

page_text: The Drawings show in elevation two sections forming one machine. The
headstock A, Sheet 1, is of cast iron, and firmly bolted to the bed near one
end;
this carries a wrought-iron frame B, which runs in brass bearings C, C,
and on which is mounted at the end D a fly-wheel weighing about 28 lbs., and
in the centre a drum E supported between the points of two steel set
screws F, F. This headstock also carries in a brass bearing G one end of
the intermediate shaft H, I" diameter, on which are keyed the toothed wheels
I, I, gearing into two others K, K, Sheets 1 & 2, of equal size, one keyed on
the frame B, and the other on the mandril N. The other end of the shaft H
revolves in the brass bearing L on the headstock M, and is driven from the
mandril N by means of the wheels I, K. The mandril N is of steel, hardened
and ground into two steel collars, shrunk into the headstock M, and is driven
by a gut band working over the speed pullies on crank shaft and the small
pulley O on mandril. One end of the mandril is screwed to fit into the
chuck P of wrot iron, in which are cut grooves Q, R, and in the bottoins of
these revolve the rollers 1 & 2; Nos. 3 and 4 are kept to their work against
1 and 2 by means of caps S, held down by 4-inch screws tapped into
chuck P. On the ends of roller spindles are keyed the toothed wheels
5, 6, 10, 11, 12, and the worm wheel 13, which is worked by a screw T,
revolving in the bracket U. On the screw shaft T is fixed the pinion 14,
gearing into a wheel 15 fixed on to the headstock M by means of 3 screws.
stud V carries the intermediate wheel 7, and in the bracket W runs one end
of the pinion axle 8, the other end drops into a hole in the chuck P, and has
the mitre wheel fixed on to it. The die stock X is screwed on to the head-
stock Y, and contains a bottom die screwed to same pitch as the required
screw and a steel cutter Z adjustable by the set screws 16. The top of head-
stock Y is formed into a hinge, from which hangs the cutter plate 17; this is
kept in its place by a flat steel spring, not visible on Drawing.
A
The cutters consist of two steel discs one let into plate, and the other into
the lever -18, working on a centre. Both the discs have conical holes through
their centres capable of admitting the wire to be screwed, and are so placed
that the smallest diameters of holes work face to face, thus forming a circular
pair of shears.
The action of the 'machine is as follows:-The wire to be screwed is coiled
on to the drum, and is led through a hole in frame B to the mandril, through
which it passes till it arrives at rollers 1 and 3. Now, motion being given by
the crank shaft and gut to mandril, the chuck P is caused to revolve, and by
the action of fixed wheel 15 on pinion 14, the rollers 1, 2, 3, and 4 are set
in motion, carrying along the wire to the die stock X and cutter Z. The

page_text: grooves in rollers do not form an exact circle where they touch, but are slightly
flattened, so as to have a firm hold on wire. The wire revolves as it advances
in consequence of the chuck P carrying round the rollers with it, and to
prevent its being thereby twisted, the drum is caused to revolve in a corre-
sponding direction and at the same speed, by means of the wheels I and K
and intermediate shaft II. The set screw 19 being adjusted so as to bring
the holes through cutters exactly opposite, the wire passes through them
until a sufficient length has been screwed, when the lever 18 is depressed by
a treadle, and a length is instantly cut off; to prevent the wire from being
doubled up by advancing against the cutters when closed, the hinge before
mentioned is provided, which allows the cutter plate 17 to be forced out a
little until the shears are re-opened by the spring 20, when they are forced
over the wire against the headstock M by the flat steel spring, and are ready
to cut off the next length.
The pitch of screw may be altered by varying the size of pinions on T and
putting suitable bottom dies in die stock. The bracket U is moveable, so as
to suit the different diameters of pinions, and held in its place by the
screws 2, 1. The last of the boot or shoe must have a thin plate of iron
attached to it, and by the pressure against this the head of the rivet will be
formed. The boot, shoe, or other article is held to the end of the machine in
any suitable manner, and moved as may be convenient for the reception of
the screw rivets; the holes for which have been previously made by a lathe
or by the awl.
I reserve a right to vary the details and the arrangements, of the machine
shown and described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Corner in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 10th
May 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
CORNER, of 15, Artillery Place, and 16, City Road, Finsbury Square, London,
Boot and Shoe Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
nic, the said John Corner, Her special licence that I, the
year of Her
grant unto
said John

page_text: Corner, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said John Corner, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS I
MACHINERY FOR MAKING METALLIC SCREW RIVETS, AND FOR UNITING WITH THEM
PARTS OF BOOTS, SHOES, PORTMANTEAUS, LEATHER HOSE, BUCKETS, HARNESS, AND
OTHER LEATHERN ARTICLES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said John Corner, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Corner, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement:-
The improvements relate to machinery for making and applying metallic
screw rivets, for making metallic screw rivets, and for rivetting together
leather or other suitable material to form boots and shoes, portmanteaus,
leather hose, buckets, harness, and other articles.
The Invention consists in the employment of a bobbin, chuck, screw tools,
and shears of peculiar construction, for carrying, advancing, and cutting the
thread, screwing the wire into the leather, and cutting off the rivet when so
screwed in.
The machinery is composed of a suitable bed plate or table, to which are
fixed two headstocks, one of which carries a bobbin or recl, on which is coiled
the wire to be screwed. It also carries in suitable bearings a chuck on which
are mounted rollers having milled grooves for the purpose of advancing and
turning round the wire, the rollers being caused to revolve by suitable
gearing working into a stationary toothed wheel fixed on the headstock. The
second headstock carries a tool holder, on which are mounted three cutters.
Through these the wire advances and revolves at the same time, thus causing
the thread to be formed on the wire. This headstock also carries the cutting-
off shears, which are actuated by a cam fixed on a revolving shaft, and the
length of rivets cut off is varied by altering the position of a band upon two
cone pulleys, so as to vary the speed of the cam shaft. Provision is also made

page_text: for stopping the screwing motion, while the cutting-off is being performed. The
main object of the wire being caused to advance and revolve at the same is,
that the boot, shoe, or other article need merely, be held steady with a pre-
viously drilled hole opposite the advancing wire, and the latter will make
its way in, until a sufficient length has penetrated, when the machine itself
performs the cutting off; and the. screwing motion being stopped for a short
time, as before mentioned, gives an opportunity for placing another hole
opposite the wire before the latter has advanced beyond the shears. Equi-
distant indentations or holes may be made in the sole of a boot, or in any other
article, by means of a marking machine, which consists of two rollers, one
above the other, the top one being moveable vertically, but kept down by a
spring. The latter also has a number of steel points on its circumference at
the required distance apart. The article to be marked being passed between
the two rollers, will be indented by the points on the top rollers sufficiently to
guide the drill which is mounted on a spindle and headstock in the ordinary
manner..
But in order that my Invention may be better understood, I will proceed to
describe the same, referring to the Drawings annexed.
The machine consists of a bed plate A, which is mounted on two standards
B, B, and on which is secured a headstock C, in which revolves in suitable
bearings the coil carrier D;. this is driven by the pulley E on the end, which is
connected to the coil carrier D by a clutch F; this clutch is arranged so that
it can be engaged or detached, and is acted upon by the cam G on the wheel
H, through the lever I. On the opposite end of the coil carrier is screwed
the chuck K to be described hereafter. On the bed plate A is also fixed the
tool holder headstock L, and to which is attached the tool holder M and
shears M. These will be fully described hereafter. The conical drum N is
secured to the shaft O, and is carried by the two bearings P, P, on the front
of the standards B, B. On the end of this shaft is keyed the pinion R; this
gears into the wheel H, and this being secured to the second shaft S, drives it
a speed depending on the ratio of the wheel and pinion. On this second shaft
is also keyed the cutting cam T, acting- on the lever U, and performing the
cutting. The lever is drawn back by the spiral spring V. The machine is
driven by a gut pulley W and conical band pulley X, which are driven by a
steam engine or other motive power. The action of the machine is as follows:-
The brass, copper, or other wire having been coiled to a definite size at the
mill is put on the reel D, the end of the wire is pressed through the end of
the coil carrier until it is engaged by the chuck K, which when the machine
is put in motion causes its progress of motion, and at the same time by its

page_text: peculiar arrangement hold it sufficiently firm to accomplish the screwing and
retain it for cutting off. The wire having passed through the chuck K, comes
into the cutter box M, and by passing through this the thread is made upon it.
The screw continuing to advance, passes out at the front of the machine, and
when it has protruded to the extent desired in one rivet, the cutter cam T
through the lever U causes the cutters to close upon the wire, and so cut it
off; the various lengths of rivets desired are produced by altering the speed of
the shafts O and S. This is effected by varying the position of the band upon
the conical drums N and X, which is done by moving the fork handle Y. It
will be seen that this has the effect of increasing or diminishing the speed of
the shaft O, and also S, and so altering its times of action relatively to the
screwing motion. The cam G on the wheel F is for the purpose of stopping
the screwing operation while the cutting is being performed; this is effected
by the cam G acting against the friction rollers G1, in the lever I, and so
drawing the clutch F out of gear; when the cam G has passed, the spring Z
forces the lever I back, and this in turn brings the clutch again into gear with
the driving pulley E.
The apparatus shewn at Figs. 13 and 14 is for the purpose of dividing the
article to be rivetted, and making thereon indentations which serve as a guide.
for drilling the same; this apparatus consists of a bed plate 1, on which is
mounted a standard 2, and which has fitted to it a slide 3. This is raised or
depressed by the screw 4, and is kept upon the material to be divided by the
spring 5. The marking roller 6 has a number of steel points in its periphery,
the number depending on the pitch or distance required. This can be
removed and another substituted by taking the nut 7 off. In a line with- the
wheel 6 and immediately below it is a roller 8 running loose in the bearings
on the table. In front of the standard 2, and attached to the slide 9, are two
small rollers 10; these are for the purpose of allowing any curved article to be
divided or marked. At the back of the machine is fixed a short standard 11,
through which the screw 12 passes. This screw is attached to the slide 9, and
is adjusted by the nuts 13 and 14. The substance to be divided or marked is
passed between the marking roller 6 and the bottom roller 8; these revolve
as the substance is passed between them, and indentations are made, the
distance between them depending upon the distance between the steel points
on the wheels 6. I will now proceed to describe more in detail my Invention
of machinery for forming screw rivets and for rivetting together parts of boots,
shoes, and other articles, remarking that I do not claim the herein-before
described marking or dividing machine, although I find it convenient in use.
The coil carrier D is of wrought iron, and has two arms, one on each side, which

page_text: are fitted with a steel pointed screw each, and having also a finger set nut, so as
to hold the screw and prevent its turning back; the bearings run in either gun
metal or steel bushes, and the end next the chuck K is screwed externally,
and has a small hole drilled through it for the passage of the wire. The reel
is made of wood with metal sides, and is provided with a suitable arrangement
for easily removing one of these for the purpose of slipping the wire over; or
the wire may be coiled on to the reel.
The chuck K may be made of either steel or wrought iron, and has an
internal thread, corresponding to the thread on the coil carrier, on which it is
screwed, and by which it is driven. It has two grooves, which are at right
angles to each other, and into which are fitted the four carefully turned steel
rollers. These have grooves turned in the centre of the body, which are
milled, and are of such a shape that they grip and slightly flatten the wire for
making the rivets in passing through. It will be seen that the two pairs of
rollers being at right angles to each other the flattening operations take place,
the last correcting the deformity caused by the first, but at the same time
getting a grip upon the wire sufficient to overcome the friction in the after
operations of cutting the thread, and screwing the wire or rivet into the
leather or other substance. Two series of rollers are shewn by the Drawings,
but it is sometimes found advisable to use either one or three, depending on
the size and description of wire. These rollers are caused to revolve by the
gearing, particulars and details of which are shown, and consist of a spur
wheel 3, which is secured to the face of headstock C; into this is geared a
pinion 4, and has such a number of teeth as shall cause it, when the machine
is set in motion, to revolve with a certain ratio to the wheel 3, depending on
the pitch or coarseness of the thread desired on the rivet. This wheel can be
changed, and any amount of difference or pitch of screw on rivet thus
attained. The pinion being keyed on, drives the worm 5, which is mounted
in a carriage 7 secured to the chuck K by the screws 8, 8, 8; it admits of
being moved, so as to allow for any increase or decrease in the diameter of the
pinion 4. The worm 5 in turn drives the worm wheel 6, which slides on the
square end of the bottom roller of the first series which is thus driven. On
the opposite end is keyed a pinion 9, and this, by a similar pinion not shewn,
drives the upper roller. The cap 10 and a corresponding one, not shewn, keep
the rollers from separating, and afford the means of obtaining the varied
amount of pressure desired. The driving of the second series of rollers" is
effected by the intermediate wheel 11, which gears into the pinion 12. This
being secured to the bevel wheel 13, in turn drives the bevel wheel 14, which
is secured to the end of the bottom roller of the second series. This roller

page_text: has a pinion secured to the opposite end, but which is not shewn, and this in
turn gears into a pinion of the same size, and is numbered 15. These rollers
are adjusted by the caps 16 and 17, which are similar to those for first pair
of rollers. It will be seen on reference that the advancing motion of each
pair of rollers is the same, although the axes of the first pair are at right
angles to those of the second; thus, the double grip before mentioned is
obtained. In the case of three series, I propose putting the rollers at an
angle of 120° with each other, and driving them by skew gearing, thus giving
three grips.
Figs. 5 to 12 shew the various parts of the screwing apparatus, full size.
M. is a metallic plate having three grooves 18, 18, 18, cut at an angle of 120°
with each other, so as to divide the circle into three equal parts. These are not
quite so deep as they are wide, so that the cutters 19, 19, 19, which are of
square steel, being placed in them, will project a little from the face of the
plate, and the whole being fixed to the headstock L by means of the screws
20, 20, 20, 20, the cutters will be firmly held between the plate and head-
stock. Figs. 7, 8, 9, represent three different modes of forming the ends of
cutters. Fig. 7 has three threads, Fig. 8 two, and Fig. 9 one only. These
are formed by fixing the cutters while soft in their places, as shewn at Figs. 5
and 8, and passing a screw tap through them of the same diameter as the wire
to be screwed, and of the required pitch of thread. They are afterwards
hardened and tempered, and being marked to their several places, are sure to
correspond when again screwed together. The screwing may be also effected
by a tapped steadying die and a single cutter, or by a pair of dies, as in the
ordinary manner of screwing bolts, &c.; a conical collar 36 is fixed to the
centre hole of the plate M, and serves ta guide the wire into the cutters as it
comes from the chuck.
1
The cutting or shearing is performed by two methods, as follows:-First,
as in Figs. 18, 19, and 20, the screwed wire passes from the chuck, through
the centre hole of two circular steel discs 21 and 22, the former being
stationary and the latter moveable. It will be seen that if motion is com-
municated to the lever 23 in the direction of the arrow 24, a shearing motion
is obtained. As this, however, would retard the advance of the wire, and
would influence the cutting of the thread, provision is made for causing the
shears to advance with the wire. This is performed by the curved wedge 25,
which is secured to the lever 23 by two screws 26 and 27. Thus, as the
lever moves in the direction of the arrows, it is by the action of the curved
wedge advanced with the wire, and so continues to advance while the cutting
operations is being performed. The spring 28 is for the purpose of keeping

page_text: the cutter plate in contact with the curved wedge 25, and takes the cutter
plate back on the return of the wedge.
The second method of shearing is shewn by Figs. 21, 22, 23, and 24, in
which Fig. 21 represents the cutters, Fig. 22 the double excentric cam, and
Figs. 23 and 24 a cover plate, in the grooves of which the cutters slide, and
which is secured to the cutter plate 29. It will be seen that the eccentric
being moved, causes the cutters to approach each other, and the wire advancing
through the centre hole is cut off; the curved wedge before named is used
in this arrangement. Figs. 25 and 26 shew the arrangement I prefer for large
wire, or when it is desirable to cut the rivets very close to the work the
cutter plate is attached by a hinge to the headstock so as to enable it to be
lifted from it, and facilitate the examining and setting of the screwing cutters.
The cutters 30 and 31 are fixed to the moveable blocks 32 and 32 by steel
screws, and are caused to approach and pass by the eccentric cam 34. The
cutters are inclined for the twofold purpose of enabling the workman to
examine his work more closely, and to make the shearing as close as possible
with shears that pass each other; the action will be understood from a
reference to the section, Fig. 26, but it may be noticed, I can use the inclined
wedge or not, as I may desire, as it is easily disconnected. The eccentric
cam, Fig. 22, and plate, Fig. 23, are the same construction as those used in
the second mode. The lever is actuated by a crank cam T, with a peculiar
shaped pin, for the purpose of making the cutting as quick as possible. This
cam acts upon the steel block 35, Fig. 3, and thus gives motion to the
eccentric cam 34, Fig. 22.
The last of the boot or shoe must have a thin plate of iron attached to it,
for by the pressure against this the head of the rivet will be formed. The
boot, shoe, or other article is held to the end of the machine in any suitable
manner, and moved as may be convenient for the reception of the screw rivets,
but as the inserting of these screw rivets in leather or other material does not
come within my improvements, I need not enter into a more detailed descrip-
tion of the mode of effecting the operation.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and how the same
is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I make no claim to the
machinery herein-before described and shown in reference to Figs. 13 and and
14, for marking and indenting equidistantly leather or other material to be
revited together, for although I find this machinery convenient in use, I do
not desire to claim its exclusive use, neither do I claim uniting together parts
of boots, shoes, or other articles by means of screw rivets; but w I do

page_text: claim as my Invention, and desire to secure by the herein-before recited
Letters Patent, is,-
Firstly, the peculiar machinery for making from a continuous coil of wire,
screwing in, and cutting off, screw rivits, for the purpose of uniting leather
and other suitable material for the manufacture of boots and shoes, hose,
harness, portmanteaus, and other articles, as herein-before described and
shown by the accompanying Drawings Nos. 1 and 2.
i
Secondly, the peculiar construction of chuck, for advancing and holding the
wire to form the screw rivets, as herein-before described and shewn by the
accompanying Drawing No. 2.
Thirdly, the peculiar form of shear for cutting the wire, and the advance-
ment of the shears by a curved wedge while the shearing is performed, as
shewn particularly by the Drawing No. 2, and herein-before described.
Fourthly, the arrangement for detaching the screwing apparatus while the
cutting is being performed, as shown by the Drawing No. 1, and herein-
before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Corner, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Tenth day of May, One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-nine.
Witness,
C. BARLOW, Patent Agent,
89, Chancery Lane, London.
JOHN CORNER. (L.S.)