IMPROVED MATERIALS FOR FILTRATION AND DECOLORIZATION, SUITABLEATION OF SOLUTIONS OFGAR
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles George Pfander, of Nos. 33 and 34, Saint
Andrew's Hill, Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London, for an Invention
of "IMPROVED MATERIALS FOR FILTRATION AND DECOLORIZATION, SUITABLE
AN
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles George Pfander at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th May 1880.
CHARLES GEORGE PFANDER, of Nos. 33 and 34, Saint Andrew's Hill, Queen
Victoria Street, in the City of London. "IMPROVED MATERIALS FOR FILTRATION
AND DECOLORIZATION, SUITABLE ESPECIALLY FOR THE FILTRATION AND DECOLORI-
ZATION OF SOLUTIONS OF SUGAR."
This Invention has for its object the manufacture of improved materials suitable
especially for filtering and decolorising solutions of sugar, and which can also be
used in treating other liquids.
These materials I prepare substantially as follows:-I employ granulated clay
which has been submitted to an animalising process, which I accomplish in the
following manner :—
I take clay which is as free as possible from iron and from sulphates of lime and
magnesia; I dry this clay thoroughly and granulate it; I sift out the dust, and a
a portion of this I mix with blood, and, if necessary, to this mixture I add a
suitable quantity of vegetable charcoal. I mould the moist compound thus
prepared into lumps of convenient form; I dry the lumps, break them into small
pieces, and mix the pieces with the granulated clay. Or instead of blood nixed
with clay dust as above mentioned, I sometimes use animal tissue which has been
suitably prepared so as to be deprived of its moisture, or it may be dry blood,
and mix it with the granulated clay. This mixture, either alone or mixed with
sawdust or other dry vegetable matter, I place in a retort or kiln and carbonise.
On taking the material from the retort or kiln I sift it, which removes the pieces
of the blood containing or animalising mixture, and the vegetable matter, if any
be used, as these become very friable in the carbonizing process.

page_text: The granules of animalised clay are, when freed from dust, ready for use in filters
and is a new filtering material.
The dust removed by sifting has great decolorising power, and it is one of my
new products; it will remove color from solutions of sugar with which it is brought
into contact.
In place of operating in the manner above described, other dry animal organic
matter, either alone or mixed with sawdust or other dry vegetable matter, may
be carbonised either in contact with the granulated clay free from iron and
sulphates of lime and magnesia, or in contiguous retorts or kilns, or in different
parts of the same retort or kiln, so that the gases or vapours from the animal
matter (and vegetable matter, if any be used) may saturate the granulated clay,
and become carbonised with it.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Charles George Pfander in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 25th November 1880.
CHARLES GEORGE PFANDER, of Nos. 33 and 34, Saint Andrew's Hill, Queen
Victoria Street, in the City of London. "IMPROVED MATERIALS FOR FILTRATION
AND DECOLORIZATION, SUITABLE ESPECIALLY FOR THE FILTRATION AND DECOLORI-
ZATION OF SOLUTIONS OF SUGAR."
This Invention has for its object the manufacture of improved materials suitable
especially for clarifying, filtering, and decolorizing solutions of sugar, and which
can also be used in treating other liquids.
These materials I prepare substantially as follows:-I employ dried or baked
granulated clay, which has been submitted to an animalizing process, which I
accomplish in the following manner :-
I take clay which is as free as possible from iron, and from sulphates of lime
and magnesia; I dry this clay thoroughly and granulate it to about the size to
which animal charcoal is granulated for use in sugar filters. I sift out the dust,
and a portion of this I mix with blood, and, if necessary, to this mixture I add a
suitable quantity of vegetable charcoal. About four parts by weight of clay dust
to three parts of blood will be found to be a suitable mixture; or two parts clay
dust, two parts ground vegetable charcoal, and three parts blood. I partially dry,
and then mould the compound thus prepared into lumps of convenient form. I
further dry the lumps, break them into small pieces, and mix the pieces with
granulated clay. A suitable proportion will be two parts of this animalizing
preparation to two parts of granulated clay. Or, instead of blood mixed with clay
dust as above mentioned, I sometimes use animal tissue which has been suitably
prepared so as to be deprived of its moisture, or it may be dry blood, and mix it
with the granulated clay. This mixture either alone or in combination with a
small proportion of sawdust, or other dry vegetable matter, I place in a retort or
kiln, and carbonize the whole together.
The
An iron retort such as used for gas making may be employed; the temperature
within the retort should be gradually raised to about that of 2000° Fah.
operation should occupy about six hours.
On taking the material from the retort or kiln I screen it, which removes the
pieces of the blood-containing or animalizing mixture, and sift out the vegetable
matter if any be used, as these become very friable in the carbonizing process.
The granules of animalized clay are, when freed from dust, ready for use in
filters and constitute a new filtering material. The dust removed by sifting has
great decolorizing power, and it is one of my new products; it will remove colour
from solutions of sugar with which it is brought into contact.
In place of operating in the manner above described, other dry animal organic
Inatter, either alone or mixed with sawdust, or other dry vegetable matter, may be
carbonised either in contact with, or in proximity to, the granulated clay free
from iron and sulphates of lime and magnesia, so that the carbon from the
animal matter (and vegetable matter, if any be used) may impregnate the granulated
clay.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I claim,-
First. My improved materials for the clarification, filtration, or decolorization
of solutions of sugar and other liquids, and which materials consist of dried or

page_text: baked granulated clay, animalized by exposure to heat, together with animal
matter.
Second. My improved materials, substantially as described, and suitable for use
in the clarification, filtration, or decolorization of liquids.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles George Pfander, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
C. G. PFANDER. (L.S.)