PARTLY OR WHOLLY STOPPING WHEELS OF CARRIAGES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION WHEN IN MOTION. AND SUCH BREAK OR BREAKS TO BE APPLIED BY THE MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1857

page_text: Copenhagen Street West, Islington, in the said County of Middlesex, for
the Invention of "PARTLY OR WHOLLY STOPPING WHEELS OF CARRIAGES OF
EVERY DESCRIPTION WHEN IN MOTION. AND SUCH BREAK OR BREAKS TO BE
APPLIED BY THE MOTIVE POWER."
Sealed the 19th March 1858, and dated the 5th October 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Richardson and
George Richardson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 5th October 1857.
We, WILLIAM RICHARDSON of No. 5, Ranelagh Grove, Pimlico, in the
County of Middlesex, and GEORGE RICHARDSON, of No. 2, Copenhagen Street
West, Islinton, in the said County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "PARTLY OR WHOLY STOPPING WHEELS OF CARRIAGES
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION WHEN IN MOTION, AND SUCH BREAK OR BREAKS TO BE
APPLIED BY THE MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
The break or breaks to be used from the pole or shafts of the carriage in
connection with or communication with the pole shaft or splinter bar of the
carriage, and to be used on any part of the wheel or wheels, the communication
between the motive power and the wheel or wheels to be removed by vertical
or horizontal spring or springs, or leaver or levers, placed at any other, angle ;
or the break, pole, shaft, iron rods, wooden rods, or any other material used.
[Price 8d.1

page_text: in connection with the said breaks or breakes to be removed by the horse or
horses, or the motive power in use on railways or common roads. And further,
that any description of iron or metal or wood, or combination of the same,
can be used in this Invention, and can be applied to any part of the break
or breaks, and such break or breaks to be applied to any carriage with one
wheel or as many wheels as may be attached to the carriage; and such
break or breaks can be communicated from the motive power along the sides
or under or over the top of the carriage or carriages.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William. Richardson and George Richardson in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 3rd April 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
RICHARDSON, of No. 5, Ranelagh Grove, Pimlico, in the County of Middlesex,
and GEORGE RICHARDSON, of No. 2, Copenhagen Street West, Islington, in
the said County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said William Richardson and George Richardson, Her special licence, that
we, the said William Richardson and George Richardson, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said William Richardson
and George Richardson, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "PARTLY
OR WHOLLY STOPPING WHEELS OF CARRIAGES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION WHEN IN
MOTION, AND SUCH BREAK OR BREAKS TO BE APPLIED BY THE MOTIVE POWER," upon
the condition (amongst others) that we, the said William Richardson and
George Richardson, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our, or one of our or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Richardson and George
Richardson, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
This Invention consists of a break or breaks to be applied to the wheels of
carriages used on commen roads, railways, or any other roads where wheels
are used, and the said brakes to be placed or applied to any number of wheels,
or any part of the wheel or wheels, and the said break or breaks to be applied
by the motive power at any angle, namely, from and including a vertical or
horizontal, or any angle between ninety degrees and forty-five degrees; and
the same can be applied to single-horse carts by carrying a rod or rods of
iron (or any other metal or combination of metals, or wood, or any other
substance can be used in the application) along the shaft or shafts of the
cart, thence under the cart, or along the side or sides of the cart opposite the
wheels of the cart, and can be placed to a break or breaks to be applied to
the front part of the wheel or wheels, or the hind part of the wheel or wheels,
and to be used for stopping or partly stopping the wheel or wheels, and to be
placed on any other part of the wheel or wheels not herein named; and the
break or breaks can, when necessary, be connected at any angle from the rod
or rods applied by the motive power; and the said break or breaks can be
disconnected from the wheel or wheels by the motive power, or by the person
or persons in attendance with the cart or vehicle; and when it shall be
necessary to reverse the action of the cart or vehicle by the motive power,
that is to say, to put the cart or vehicle back, called "backing," then a block
or pin can be introduced to stop the action of the break.or breaks, which can
be made self-acting, or placed by the person in attendance for that purpose,
and, when necessary, a spring or springs to be used to disconnect the break
or breaks from the wheel or wheels; and the said spring or springs to be of
a spiral form, or any other form of spring now in use (for other purposes),
and to be applied at the shaft or shafts, or pole, or any other part of the cart
or vehicle, as the form or construction of the cart or vehicle will admit of.
The above description of break or breaks to apply to any description of
vehicle or carriages, or where any description of motive power is used, and
the same will act under the bottom, along the side or sides, through the
inside or top of any vehicle or carriage, and to be attached to the pole, shaft
or shafts, or splinter bar of vehicles or carriages of any description, according
to the make or build of such carriage or vehicle that the same be applied to;
and when the break or breaks are used by railway carriages or vehicles, then
the steam engine or any other motive power to apply the break or breaks by

page_text: the use of steam or air, or hydraulics, or electricity passed through a tube or
tubes, pipe or pipes, syphon or syphons of any size or sizes that may be neces-
sary to apply, and be used in the construction to work the break or breaks,
that shall stop or partly stop the wheel or wheels at the pleasure of the
person or persons in attendance for that purpose; and the said tube or tubes,
pipe or pipes, syphon or syphons to be made of any description of metal,
wood, or any other materials not herein named that will convey air, water,
steam, or electricity under pressure from the steam engine or any other
motive power that might be used. And the same Invention applies to the
small engine now used on railways (and attached to some of the engines
used for propelling trains of carriages or vehicles) for pumping water into
the boiler, and is sometimes called a nonkey or donkey engine; and the tube,
pipe, or syphon to be connected with the said engine or pumps, and to be
carried from thence and attached to the carriage or carriages or vehicle or
vehicles, with a sliding tube or tubes (sometimes called a telescope tube),
which is to be air and water-tight; and when one carriage or vehicle is
attached to another, then the pipe or pipes, tube or tubes, syphon or syphons
to be connected by screwing together the same that are attached to each
carriage or vehicle; and when a train of carriages or vehicles are so attached,
then the tube or tubes, pipe or pipes form a continuity throughout the train
of carriages or vehicles; and every carriage or vehicle to be supplied with a
joint pipe, tube, or syphon (and attached at the junction of each carriage or
vehicle), and called a tumbler or moving joint, to that when carriages or
vehicles forming a train are passing round curves or angles, the said pipes
or tubes shall bend, without let or hindrance; and when air, steam, or water,
or electricity shall be applied through the said tubes, pipes, or syphons, the
same shall cause a piston ram to work rods of iron or other metal or
materials to act or force forward the break or breaks to any part of the
wheels, and at any angle, from a vertical to an horizontal position; and when
the person or persons wishes to regulate the pressure (he being in charge of
the motive power) shall open or shut the tube, pipe, or syphon at pleasure,
when the air, steam, water, or electricity shall be forced through the pipe or
pipes, tubes or syphons to the ram or rams, or partly let off, as the case might
require; and when the break or breaks are intended to be released from the
wheel or wheels, the person or persons in charge of the motive power can
let off a portion of air, steam, water, or electricity from the pipe or pipes,
tube or tubes, or syphons that connects the motive power with the tubes and
ram or rams; and the break or breaks fall off the wheels by their own gravity
or forced back by a spring or springs. The breaks can be applied to one or

page_text: as many carriages or vehicles as is required to a train; and the application
of the breaks to the wheels is momentary, and a release the same. When
only one carriage is propelled or drawn by an engine or motive power, then
is the pipe, tube, or syphon shut at the end or near the end with a common
stop-cock, as in the case of the last carriage or vehicle in a train where the
aforesaid Invention is put in use.
This Invention also includes the method of suspending the break or breaks
to be applied to any wheel or wheels, namely, we can by our principle apply
any length of break, from one inch to forty inches, as we suspend our breaks
on a loose iron circle regulated by a thumbscrew attached to the cut side of
the break, which prevents the wheel or wheels touching it unless applied by
the motive power or the person in charge thereof; and the said break or
breaks can, when necessary, be applied with lever or levers at any angle.
And for the better security of passengers' lives and limbs when travelling in
railway carriages, and the sudden application of the breaks to prevent the
concussion, we apply one additional buffer at the top of the carriage and at
each end of the carriage, and such buffer to be attached to a spring or springs
longitudinally or transversely, or two extra buffers on the top of the ends of
each carriage when necessary. When the one extra buffer is applied, it will
form an angle from the two buffers now in use on railways something like

page_text: power. And we claim to be the first inventors for stopping railway carriages
by the motive power as described above, nately, by air, water, steam, or
electricity.
We also claim to be the first inventors to hang breaks on a circle that they
can be regulated by the thumbscrew, and made forty inches in length if
necessary (or any other length without touching the wheel), from one to forty
inches, and such break or breaks to be applied to any description of carriage
or vehicle by the horse or horses or any other motive power, and to be dis-
connected by the horse or horses or any other motive power, or with a spiral
spring or any other description of spring or springs to be connected near the
break or breaks, or at other part of the rod or rods connected with the break
or breaks leading to and from the motive power; and, when necessary, to keep
the breaks to their work, or assist the motive power in the application of the
break, the same can he done by the coachman or any other person in charge
by a small chain attached to any of the connecting rod or rods in connection
with the break or breaks, and to be connected with a treadle or lever which
will be placed near the man's foot.
We also claim as our Invention the covering of the pipe or pipes, tube or
tubes, syphon or syphous with tallow, grease, oil, or any oily or greasy
substance, the same to be covered over by leather, india-rubber, or any other
material that will keep the grease, oil, or other nonconducting substance from
leaving the outer surface of the pipe, tube, or syphon, which grease, oil, or
any other nonconductor of cold air is applied to the outer surface of the pipes,
tubes, or syphons, that the frost shall not interfere with the free progress
of water, steam, or any other matter or thing passing down the pipes, tubes,
or syphons, when forced there by the motive power to work the break or
breaks.
We also claim the Invention of applying extra buffers to the ends of
railway carriages as a prevention against their tumbling over each other
when suddenly checked. Carriages having only two buffers at each end of the
framework we propose to put two more at the top of the carriage, or one
more where one would be sufficient, and that one to be placed in the centre
of the carriage at the top, and form the letter
°
when so placed, and to
be carried by a spring along the top of the carriage, the buffer being in the
centre of the spring or springs longitudinally or transversely.
Drawing No. 1 shews break when attached to wheels. a, the upright
bolts for carrying on and off gear; b, rod of iron to break; c, break attached

page_text: to wheel; d, thumbscrew for regulating hanging on circle; e, roller bolt
fixed to moving pole for horses' traces to draw off breaks; /, stop for throwing
break out of gear.
2. Shewing break attached to a single horse vehicle, and standing out of
gear; a, shewing rod connected with the horses' breeching strap.
3. Shewing break on the front wheels.
4. Shewing application for railway breaks. a, the wheel; 6, ram with
break off wheels; c, pipe for conveying steam, water, air, or electricity;
d, ram with break on wheels; e, break; f, suspension rod; g, joint to work
inwards; h, two joints to work inwards; i, stop-cock; j, telescopic tube.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Richardson and George
Richardson, have hereunto set our hands and seals, the Third day
of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-eight