Improvements in Electric Telegraph Apparatus.
Year: 1899

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electric Telegraph Apparatus.
I, SIDNEY GEORGE BROWN, of Van Buren, Poole Road, Bournemouth, in the
County of Hants, Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:--
This invention relates to improvements in electric telegraph apparatus and
refors to an automatic transmitting instrument more especially adapted for the
purpose of translation or transmission from one line or cable section to another.
The arrival currents from a long cable section worked at fast syphon recorder
speed are of such a nature that the received signals have not hitherto been able
to be efficiently transmitted automatically to another cable section by a relay,
the usual practice being to repeat such signals by hand which repetition increases
the liability to error and limits the speed of signalling to that of hand sending.
That is to stay, that when working over a long cable section, if a succession of
impulses of the same polarity and of equal strength and duration be applied to
one end of such section the first of such impulses will carry the tongue of the
relay situated at the opposite end of such section against its marking stop:
the variation in the strength of the received current due to the remainder of
said impulses is, however, so small that the said tongue is not permitted to fall
away from its "marking stop and break contact during the intervals of time
between the succeeding impulses of the same polarity and of equal strength
and duration, as it ought to do in order to reproduce the original signals. When
the polarity of the current sent is reversed, the tongue of the relay responds
readily, however, and is carried over to its opposite stop where it again remains
during successive impulses of the same polarity and of equal strength and
duration.
When using a siphon recorder, this results in the first impulse of a series of
impulses of either polarity being correctly recorded, and in the remaining
successive impulses of the same pclarity being recorded merely by a straight line.
Such imperfect signals may be read by a clerk from their general outline, but
if they are automatically transmitted by the relay to another long cable section
without first having the missing impulses re-inserted, the signals received at the
opposite end of such other cable section are hopelessly distorted.
This invention has for its object transmitting apparatus adapted to automati-
cally repeat signals at siphon recorder speed from one long cable section to a
second cable section after re-inserting or "interpolating the impulses that
have been lost as aforesaid, in such manner as to assure absolute accuracy in
the reproduction of the signals and to maintain the speed of signalling.
According to my invention one or other of a pair of electro-magnets is energised
by the received signalling currents accordingly as such currents are of positive
or negative polarity. The electromagnet thus energized attracts one of a pair
of armatures. The armature thus attracted, is adapted to release one of a pair
of clutch sleeves which released sleeve is then thrown into gear with a rotating
spindle. As this clutch sleeve rotates, it is adapted to oscillate the reversing
levers of one of a pair of transmitters and to thereby transmit au impulse

page_text: through a contact operated by the said armature, at each revolution to the line
or cable section. When thrown into gear with the rotating spindles the sleeves
are adapted to oscillate the reversing levers of the transmitters at the same rate
that the contact levers of the original transmitting instrument are oscillated,
so that the number of impulses transmitted by the said transmitters will corre-
spond to the numbers of impulses sent by the original transmitter, and the
speed of signalling will be maintained notwithstanding the fact that the varia-
tion in the strength of the received current due to a series of impulses of the
same polarity and of equal strength and duration, may be insufficient to release
the armature during the space of time between each of such series of impulse.
When the armature returns it is adapted to put the line to earth.
Each of the transmitters comprises a pair of reversing levers which are pivoted
to a sliding plate at one extremity and have their opposite extremities connected
by an insulated connecting piece. Contact pieces respectively connected to
earth and to line are situated between these reversing levers and the line contact
is preferably carried by one arm of a crank lever which is pivoted to the said
sliding plate and is rocked by a suitable connection from one of the clutch
sleeves, in such manner as to oscillate the reversing levers so as to cause them
to co-operate with the said contacts for transmitting plain or curbed signals.
The sliding plates carrying the curb transmitters are adjustably connected
together and are adapted to be moved on or between guides or grooves so that
the position of the crank lever with reference to the clutch sleeve to which it
is connected may be adjusted so as to vary the relative duration of the contacts.
Each of the clutch sleeves is toothed and mounted loosely on a rotary spindle.
Fixed to said spindles are toothed collars. Each of the said sleeves is provided
at either side with a projecting pin. Arranged in the path of these pins are
rollers which normally engage with the pins to lift the sleeve out of engagement
with the toothed collar against the pressure of a coiled spring. The armatures
normally engage with these projecting pins when the sleeves are in their raised
position. When the armatures are attracted by the electro magnets as afore-
said, the coiled springs (the ends of which bear respectively on the tops of the
sleeves and on projections on the tops of the spindles) force the said sleeves into
engagement with the toothed collars: the frictional connection between the
sleeves and the spindles, due to the said springs, being sufficient to carry the
aforesaid pins off the lifting rollers.
The spindles carrying the sleeves are caused to rotate by any convenient means
such as an electromotor; suitable means being employed to keep the speed
constant.
The said clutch sleeves, may also be provided with snail cams or other means
for operating moving contact pieces which will ensure the correct working of
the relay tongues and may also be adapted to operate punches for perforating
the signals on a paper tape such as is employed when using the automatic
transmitter of well known construction.
"
Such means may comprise a row of three snail cams two of which cams are
mounted on the said clutch sleeves and the third of which cams is mounted in a
similar clutch situated between the other two.
The central snail cam may constantly rotate, its function being to punch the
central line of holes in the tape. The outer snail cams would be released and
operated in precisely the same manner as in the previously described automatic
repeater," but instead of sending signals to line they would punch the corre-
sponding "dot" and "dash" signals on the paper strip.
"
These cams are so arranged with respect to one another that when one of the
end electromagnets pulls its armature and releases one of the end clutches, it
will disengage and stop the rotation of the central clutch, the end clutch then
not only punching its particular hole but filling in the central hole as well.
Upon the cessation of the received signals the end cams will cease to revolve
while the central cam will be engaged, and will therefore revolve, punching the

page_text: central row of holes as before, but to prevent an inconvenient length of blank
strip being manufactured, a stopping device may be fixed so as to disengage and
stop the central cam, after it has punched a definite number of central holes.
Upon the receipt of any signal, this stopping device will be thrown out of
action, and set back to zero.
In the first described automatic repeating apparatus, the armatures of the
electromagnets would be provided with limiting stops, adapted to operate so
that when the armature is pulled down, they shall close circuit with their
respective transmitting devices, so that upon the termination of the signal and
the release of the armature, the electrical circuit will be broken. This will
prevent the cam, if its speed has been too great and it has thereby missed the
said catch or projection on the armature, from sending a false signal to line.
On the puncher this electrical device would however have to be replaced by a
mechanical one and for that purpose I should mount engagement rollers forming
part of the punch on the armatures of the electromagnets themselves, so that
when the armatures move down to remove the catch projection they shall at the
same time bring the said engagement rollers into position for the cams to
operate. These cams would be provided with a groove for the said engagement
rollers to run in, so that while the said rollers are being operated on by the cam
there shall be no possibility of their springing out of place.
It is obvious that there might be many pieces of electrical apparatus perform-
ing quite different functions than that of the instruments mentioned, where an
electrically or mechanically operated clutch gear as described may be found
useful and I therefore wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself to the
use of the clutch only for these particular instruments.
Dated this 2nd day of September 1899.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.
I, SIDNEY GEORGE BROWN, of 4, Great Winchester Street, in the City of
London, and late of Van Buren, Poole Road, Bournemouth, in the County of
Hants, Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement: —
This invention relates to improvements in electric telegraph apparatus more
especially adapted for the purpose of translating or transmitting signals from one
line or cable section to another.
The arrival signalling currents from a long cable section worked at fast syphon
recorder speed are of such a nature that the received signals have not hitherto
been able to be efficiently re-transmitted automatically to another cable section
by a relay, the usual practice being to repeat such signals by hand which in-
creases the liability to error and limits the speed of signalling to that of hand
sending. That is to say, when working over a long cable section, if a succession
of impulses of the same polarity and of equal strength and duration be applied
to one end of such section, the first of such impulses will carry the tongue of the
relay situated at the opposite end of such section, against its marking stop"
or contact; the variation in the strength of the received current due to the
remainder of said succession of impulses is, however, so small that the said

page_text: "
tongue is not permitted to fall away from its " marking stop and break contact
between the succeeding impulses of the same polarity and of equal strength and
duration, as is necessary in order to correctly reproduce the original signals.
When the polarity of the current sent is reversed, the tongue of the relay
responds readily, however, and is carried over to its opposite "stop" or contact
where it again remains without breaking contact between successive impulses
of the same polarity and of equal strength and duration.
When using a siphon recorder, this failure of the relay tongue to break con-
tact between impulses of the same polarity, results in the firs: impulse of a series
of impulses of the same polarity being correctly recorded, and in the remaining
successive impulses of the said series being recorded merely by a straight line.
Such imperfect signals may be read by a clerk from their general outline, but
if they are automatically transmitted by a relay to another long cable section
without first having the missing impulses re-inserted, the signals received at the
eposite end of such other cable section are distorted beyond recognition.
This invention has for its object transmitting or translating apparatus which
may be adapted to receive and automatically repeat signals at siphon recorder
speed from one cable section to another cable section or to a signalling tape,
after said apparatus has re-inserted or interpolated the impulses that have been
lost as aforesaid, in such manner as to assure accuracy in the reproduction of the
siguals and to maintain the siphon recorder speed of signalling.
According to my invention one or other of a pair of electro-magnets is ener-
gised by the received signalling currents accordingly as such currents are of
positive or negative polarity. The electromagnet thus energised attracts one
of a pair of armatures carrying stops. The arinature thus attracted, is adapted
to release one of a pair of clutch sleeves which released sleeve is then thrown
into gear with a rotating spindle. The clutch sleeves are frictionally attached
to the rotary spindles, and when they rotate they operate transmitting levers or
other signalling devices. Each of the aforesaid armatures for releasing the
clutch sleeves is hereinafter referred to as an arresting device.
When used for translation or sending on purposes, the sleeves are adapted,
when thrown into gear with the rotating spindles, to oscillate transmitting levers
at the same rate that the contact levers of the original transmitting instrument
are oscillated, so that the number of impulses re-transmitted by the relay ap-
paratus will correspond to the number of impulses sent by the original trans-
mitter. The speed of signalling will thus be maintained, notwithstanding the
fact that the variation in the strength of the received current due to a series
of impulses of the same polarity and of equal strength and duration, may be
insufficient to release the arresting device and arrest the clutch sleeve during
the space of time between each of such series of impulses.
The clutch sleeves are provided with teeth which are adapted to gear with
similar teeth carried by collars on the rotary spindles. Suitable springs tend
to force the clutch sleeves into gear with the collars. The clutch sleeves are
also provided with pins or projections which engage with the arresting devices
and rest upon fixed lifting rollers or equivalent devices when the said sleeves
are a rest and thereby raise the sleeves (against the resistance of springs) out
of gear with the rotary spindles. When the arresting devices are attracted by
their magnets, they release the pins, whereupon the clutch sleeves are thrown
into gear with the rotary spindles by means of the springs. The clutch sleeves
are provided with cams or their equivalent for operating the transmitting levers
cr other signalling devices.
The spindles are caused to continuously rotate by any convenient means,
such as by an electro-motor provided with a governor to keep its speed constant.
When sending "curbed signals. the contact levers are connected through
the intervention of "reversing "levers to the battery terminals. The "reversing"
levers are pivoted to a sliding plate at one extremity and have their opposite
extremities connected together by an insulated link or connecting piece. A

page_text: fixed contact and a movable contact are situated between the "reversing "
levers, the movable contact being carried by one arm of a lever the other arm
of which is connected through a spring connection, a crank and crank pin or
equivalent device, to one of the roiatable clutch sleeves, so as to oscillate the
reversing" levers. The sliding plates can be adjusted in such manner as to
regulate the position of the reversing levers with respect to the clutch sleeves
in order to vary the relative duration of the signals and their curbing "
currents as required.
When the apparatus is intended to punch perforations (constituting signals)
in a strip of paper such as is employed with the well known automatic trans-
mitter, three rotary spindles are employed. Two of these are provided with
clutch sleeves and cams and are operated by the armatures of electromagnets
which are energised by the arrival signalling currents, as above described. The
third rotary spindle is similarly provided with a clutch sleeve and cam and is
placed between the other two spindles. The cams of the two side spindles, when
released by the armatures or arresting devices, disengage and stop the central
clutch sleeve and operate the punches for making the perforations corresponding
to the positive and negative impulses, and at the same time make a central row
of perforations in the tape. The central cam operates a punch for perforating
the paper strip or tape with a central row of holes when no signals are received.
To prevent an inconvenient length of blank tape being punched by the central
clutch and punch when no signals are received, a stopping device is arranged to
come into operation so as to disengage and stop the said cam and punch after
a definite number of central holes have been punched in the tape. Upon the
receipt of a signal, this stopping device is thrown out of action, and set back
to its zero position.
In order that my invention may be clearly understood and readily carried into
effect, I will proceed to describe the same more fully with reference to the
accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a plan and
Figure 2 is a side elevation with one of the sliding plates and its reversing
levers removed, of the transmitting apparatus arranged as an automatic relay.
Figure 2 is a detail plan on line - Figure 2.
Figure 3 is a diagram of the electrical connections for sending signals with
"curbing" currents.
66
Figure 4 is a diagram of the electrical connections for sending signals without
'curbing" currents.
Figure 5 is a plan and
Figure is a side elevation with the punches removed. of the apparatus
adapted for punching perforations in a tape.
Figure 7 is a side view and Figure 8 is a front elevation, of the punches.
Referring to Figures 1, 2 and 3, A and B are the rotary spindles provided
with fixed toothed collars a, b. a, b, are the rotary clutch sleeves mounted
loosely on the spindles A, B, and provided with teeth adapted to engage with
the teeth of the collars a, b. CC are springs which surround the upper ends of
the spindles A, B, and have their ends bearing upon the upper surfaces of the
clutch sleeves and upon washers retained in position on the tops of the
spindles A, B by nuts. The springs C, C tend to press the sleeves a¹, b' into
engagement with the toothed collars a, b. C₁, C₁ are springs which have their
ends respectively connected to loose collars on crank pins C3, C2 carried by the
sleeves a, b, and to pins C, fixed to the bed plate or frame of the instru-
ment. a, a are pins or projections on the sleeve a¹. * are similar pins or
projections on the sleeve b. 1, 1), and D*, D* are the fixed lifting rollers which
project into the paths of the pins a*, ** and 4, 4* and lift the sleeves a¹, 1
out of gear with the collars a, b when the pins a, b and *, ** strike them as
the spindles A and B rotate. The pins a**, ** are shorter and are arranged on
a lower level than the pins a, b, the rollers I) and D* being so arranged that as

page_text: the sleeves a revolve, the pins a
"
pass over the rollers D* 1* without
striking them and that the pins a**, * pass between the rollers D), D and the
spindles A, B. The springs C, C" tend to draw the pins at, a** and *, ** off
the lifting rollers when the sleeves are at rest. and are cams carried by
the sleeves a, b. F, F are crank transmitting levers which are pivoted at f, f
and are connected by suitable conductors L and E to line, and to earth. The
arms at one side of the levers F, F, carry rollers which bear against the
cams a³, 65, and the other arms of these leveis are adapted to oscillate between
fixed contacts f¹, f, and f, f. f, fare springs which tend to hold the
levers F, F, against the stops fe, f. G, G, and G G are the reversing levers
for sending curbing" currents. These levers are respectively pivoted at g, g
and g, g to plates 92, adapted to slide in grooves or between guides on the
frame of the instrument. The opposite ends of the levers G, G, and G¹, G¹ are
respectively connected together by links y* of insulating material. g, gare
fixed contacts placed between the reversing levers, G, G, and G¹, G. and
are contacts carried by crank levers H, H. The levers H, H¹, are pivoted o
the sliding plates 92, and are connected by springs h, h, and links h¹, h¹ to
crank pins (, C. 2, is insulation placed between the springs h, h and the
links h¹, As the cams a, 5 rotate they therefore rock the levers H, H¹ and
thereby oscillate the reversing levers G and G¹ during the transmission of every
signalling impulse. 9 is a screw which passes through the frame of the instru-
ment and into one of the sliding plates g. The screw g is provided with a
head which bears against the frame of the instrument. The plates g³, 9ª
are adjustably connected by a screw coupling. By turning the screw head g
the positions of the sliding plates may be regulated and the relative positions
of the levers H, H', to the sleeves a', 6', thereby adjusted.
I, I, are electro-magnets of the arresting device provided with armatures i, i.
The armatures i, are pivotel at , and, when no signalling currents are re-
ceived, these armatures are raised out of contact with the electro-magnet by
springs 3, 3, so that they project into the paths of the pins a, A, and by coming
into contact with said pins, hold them stationary on the rollers D, D, and out
of gear with the spindles A, B. 3, are stops to restrict the upward movement
of the armatures i, i.
J, Jare polarized relays adapted to be respectively operated by positive and
negative signalling currents. L₁ is the line conductor and E is the earth con-
ductor for conducting the signalling currents from one line section through the
relays J, J. The tongue of the relay J is adapted to move between the stops j, j',
and the tongue of the relay is adapted to move between the stops,
K and K are relay batteries.
In Figure 3 the apparatus is shown at rest. Should a positive signal be
received from the line 'L' the tongue of the relay J is thrown over to its stop j¹.
This closes the circuit of the battery K and electro-magnet I. The electro-
magnet I then attracts its armature i, moving said armature out of the path of
the pin a. The tension of the spring C¹ and the frictional connection between
the spindle A and the sleeve a', due to the spring C, then move the pins a
and off the rollers D), and D* and permit the spring C to force the sleeve a¹
into gear with the collar a. The sleeve a¹ and cam will then continue to
rotate with the spindle A so long as the armature of the magnet I is held out
of the path of the pin at by a signal or impulse or by a series of signals or im-
pulses of the same sign, the pins at and a** being carried over the rollers 1)
and 1* by the frictional connection between the sleeve a¹ and spindle A and by
the spring (1. At each revolution of the cam, the transmitting lever F
is thrown against the contact f, thus closing the circuit of the relay battery K'
and transmitting a signal to the relay line L. the current passing as follows:-
From one pole of the battery K¹ to the reversing levers G, thence through the
contact to the contact 2, lever F and line L, returning by line E, lever F,
and contact ft to the lever H. contact g and reversing levers G and thence to

page_text: the opposite pole of the battery K.
At each revolution of the sleeve a¹ and
cam the reversing levers & are also oscillated through the intervention of a
link h¹, spring hand lever H, so as to reverse the connections between the
battery terminals and the contacts ' ', and thereby cause every signal or
impuise sent to the line L, to be curbed by a current or impulse of opposite
sign as is well understood.
•
If a negative signal is received from the line E¹ the tongue of the relay J'
is throw against its stop, and the encunt of the battery and electro-magnet
is closcu. Ino electro-magnet 1 is thus energised and its armature thereby
moved out of the path of the pin. The cam then rotates with the
spindle B in the same manner as has been already described with reference to
the cam ; the lever is moved against the stop f³ at each revolution of
the cam, thus closing the circuit of the battery hand transmitting a signal
to the conductor E, the electric current passing as follows;—from one pole of
the battery through the reversing levers G and contact gt, to the contact fs
and lever and thence to the conductor E; returning by the line L, lever F,
contact f, lever H', contact go, and reversing levers G to the opposite pole of
the battery. The reversing levers are operated by the cam & so as to curb
the signais in the same manner as above described with reference to the
levers and the cam a³.
"
The relative duration of the signalling currents and their "curbing" cur-
rents may be regulated by turning the screw in the required direction and
thereby adjusting the positions of the levers H, H¹, with relation to the
sleeves a, b, as above described.
Cpon the cessation of signals, the tongues of the relays J and J' are arranged
to fall back on their stops j and P.
The cams and bare rotated so as to oscillate the levers F and F at the
same speed as the transmitting levers of the automatic or other transmitter
employed for sending signals through the first line or cable section. It is
therefore obvious that although the variation in the strength of the received
current due to a series of impulses of the same polarity and of equal strength
and duration may be insufficient to release the armatures i, i after each impulse
of the said series, yet the correct number of impulses will be re-transmitted by
the levers F F
Referring to Figure 4, the apparatus is constructed and operated in a similar
manner to that above described, but the electrical connections are arranged
for sending signals without "curbing" currents; that is plain battery and earth
signals.
When the arrival signalling current moves the tongue of the relay J onto the
stop, and the cam is released and the lever F is consequently moved onto
the stop fas above described, a signal or impulse is sent to the conductor L
as follows, from one pole of the battery K through the contact contact f
and lever F, to the conductor L returning by the conductor E, the lever F
and contact f to the opposite pole of the battery K¹.
When the arrival signalling current moves the tongue of the relay J¹ onto
its stop and the cam is released and the lever is consequently moved
ento the stop as above described, a signal or impulse is sent to the conductor E
as follows, from one pole of the battery K', through the contact, the con-
tact and lever F, to the conductor E: returning by the conductor L, the
lever F, and the contact f¹, to the opposite pole of the battery K¹.
The levers H, and H do not reverse the battery connections during every
signal as in Figure 3, but merely connect the conductors L and E first to battery
and then to earth during each revolution of the cams.
The relative duration of the battery and earth contacts can be regulated by
adjusting the screw gi and thereby adjusting the position of the levers H and Hi
with relation to the sleeves a¹. ¹, as hereinbefore described.
Referring to Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8, the electromagnets I, I', armatures i, i,

page_text: springs,, stops, spindles A and B, collars a. b, clutch sleeves a, b,
cams pins a*, **, b', ** and rollers D, D* are arranged substantially as
described with reference to the foregoing figures. The ends of the springs C, C
bear respectively upon shoulders ², on the spindles A, B and upon washers on
the underside of plates, which fit loosely on the spindles A, B, and are re-
tained in position by washers and nuts. ³, and are vertical pins which
project from the clutch sleeves a, b and pass loosely through the plates cc.
, care springs which have their opposite ends bearing respectively on the
sleeves, 1, and upon the plates c The springs tend to press the
sleeves into engagement with the collars, and the springs (form a
frictional connection between the spindles and the sleeves, thereby enabling
the spring C¹ shown in Figures 1 to 4, to be dispensed with. M is a rotary
spindle fixed to a shaft N. m is a toothed collar fixed to the spindle M. m¹ is
a clutch sleeve provided with laterally projecting pins m², m²* and mounted
frictionally on the spindle M by means of springs C, and a plate e, in the same
manner as the clutch sleeves a¹, , are mounted on the spindles A and B.
m³. m³* are fixed lifting rollers which are arranged in the path of the pins m², m²*
and engage with said pins to raise the clutch sleeve m out of gear in the same
manner as above described with reference to the sleeves a¹, and the pins at, a**
and b, b** m' is a cam carried by the sleeve m². is a crank lever fixed
to a pivot which passes through the base plate of the apparatus and carries
an arm below said plate. One arm of the lever 0 is connected to a rod ɔ¹
and its other arm is connected to a spring 2. One end of the rod o carries a
roller which bears on the cam the other end of the said rod is connected
to a striker P pivoted at 1. The spring tends to hold the roller on the
rodo in contact with the cam and also tends to withdraw the striker P into
the position shown in Figure 5. Q is a crank lever fixed to a pivot q which
passes through the base plate of the apparatus and carries an arm q* below said
plate. One arm of the lever Q is connected to a rod and its other arm is
connected to a spring q². One end of the rod g¹ carries a roller which bears on
the cam and its other arm is connected to a striker R pivoted at r. The
spring tends to hold the roller on the rod q¹ in contact with the cam and
also tends to withdraw the striker R into the position shown in Figure 5.
S is a striker which is situated between the strikers P and R, and which carries
a roller at one end which bears upon the cam m². is a lever which is pivoted
to the bed of the instrument in a similar manner to the levers U and Q, and has
one arm connected to the striker S. ¹ is a lever which is pivoted to the bed
of the instrument and has one arm connected to the striker S and its other arm
connected to a spring. The spring tends to hold the roller on the striker S
in contact with the cam m. The strikers P, S and R respectively operate the
punches P, S, R₁ of the punching apparatus. T is a ratchet wheel which is
mounted loosely on a stud or axle journalled in the instrument frame or bed,
and is provided with a coiled spring which tends to rotate the said ratchet
wheel in the direction of the arrow in Figure 5. is a stud which projects
from the wheel T. is a lever which is fixed on the stud and carries a spring
pawl adapted to engage with the teeth of the wheel T. is a lever connected
below the base plate of the apparatus to the stud t, and connected by a link
to one arm of the lever s also situated below the base plate. is a spring pawl
which engages with the ratchet wheel T and is adapted when in such engage-
ment, to prevent any return movement of the said wheel. is a fixed stop
arranged in the path of the stud. The pawls are provided with
pins, which project into the path of a bar 1. The bar is fixed to one
end of a rod which has its opposite end connected to one end of a pivoted
lever, and is supported from the bed of the instrument by a link ². is a
spring which tends to draw the rod u and bar U towards the wheel T and also
presses the other arm of the lever against a roller carried by one arm of a
pivoted lever V. V is a pivoted lever, one arm of which is secured to a

page_text: spring and the other arm of which carries a projection upon which one arm
of the lever V bears. vis a pivoted lever one arm of which is situated above
the base plate and carries a roller bearing upon one end of the lever V. The
other arm of the lever is below the base plate and is connected by a link
to the arm o* of the lever O. is a pivoted lever, one arm of which is situated
above the base plate and bears on one end of the lever V. The other arm of
the lever 3 is situated below the base plate and is connected by a link to the
arm 9 of the lever Q. The projection is adapted to be moved into the path
of the pin m³ as hereinafter described.
The punches are carried by a suitable frame W which latter also carries a
slotted plate or guide to through which the paper tape passes. The central
punch S is fixed to a plate w¹ adapted to slide on guide rods w³, 10³ 20³, 10% are
springs which surround the guide rods and tend to withdraw the punches from
the tape. The punches P¹ and R¹ pass loosely through the plate w¹, but carry
fixed collars p, which bear upon said plate. When the central punch S¹ is
operated by the striker S as hereinafter described, it passes through a hole w
in the plate w and thereby punches a central hole in the tape and the punches P¹,
R¹ remain inoperative. When either of the punches P or R¹ is operated, it
passes through one of the holes w³ in the plate to thereby punching a hole on one
or other side of the central longitudinal line of the tape, and also punching a
central hole in the tape, by moving the plate and punch S¹. When the
plate w¹ is moved by one or other of the punches, it operates the spring pawl X
(of well known construction) which in turn actuates the star wheel x for feeding
the paper tape forward by a step by step movement.
Fixed on the spindle of the star wheel and so as to revolve therewith are two
rollers z placed respectively one on either side of the star wheel. The star
wheel and the rollers a¹, x, bear against a roller provided with recesses to
receive the points or projections of the star wheel z. The paper strip passes
between the roller and the star wheel and rollers ., . The star wheel
and rollers, are carried by one end of a spring lever y in the well known
manner, so that by moving the free end of the lever y against the pressure of
its spring, the star wheel and rollers, r¹ may be moved away from the
roller for the insertion or withdrawal of a tape from between the said rollers.
The holes to, to in the plate wo may be jewelled with sapphire, and the punches
may be tipped with iridium or sapphire."
The punches must be well supported in sufficiently wide bearings carried by
the frame W.
When the electro-magnet I is energized by the current received from the
first line or cable section as previously described, and moves its armature i out
of the path of the pin a', the clutch sleeve carrying the cam a³ is thrown into
gear with the collar a on the spindle A, the cam a³ then rotates once for every
signalling impulse transmitted to the first line or cable section, as hereinbefore
described. At each revolution, the cam a³ operates the striker P through the
link o, causing said striker to operate the punch P¹ and with it the punch S¹.
thus perforating the tape with a hole corresponding to a positive impulse and
also simultaneously making the central perforation. For signals of opposite
polarity the cam 65 is similarly released by the electromagnet I¹, and, rotating,
operates the link gl and striker R, causing the said striker to operate the
punch R¹ and with it the punch S₁ thereby perforating a hole on the opposite
side of the tape corresponding to an impulse of opposite polarity, and at the same
time making the necessary central hole.
When the striker P is operated as above described, the arm o* of the lever O
moves the link v¹ and rocks the lever r. The lever moves the levers V and V';
thereby causing the projection to be moved into the path of the pin m³ and to
thereby arrest the cam" m², and also rocking the lever against the tension
of the spring so as to draw the rod u and the bar away from the wheel T.

page_text: thus causing the bar U to lift the pawls, to out of engagement with the
wheel T. When thus disengaged from its pawls the wheel 1 is returned in the
direction of the arrow by the spring t until the stud strikes the stop to.
When the striker R is operated, the levers V and V1 are operated in the same
manner through the intervention of the arm q* of the lever Q, the link and
the lever v³.
When no signals are received the strikers P and R and the various levers are
returned to the positions shown in Figure 5 by the springs o, u³, rº and o̟ª;
the projection 5 being moved out of the path of the pin m².
During the intervals between the receiving of impulses or series of impulses,
the cam m* rotates and at each revolution operates the striker S, thereby causing
the punch S¹ to continue to perforate the central line of holes in the tape and
thus obtain the correct spaces between the impulses or signals. Every time the
cam m operates the striker S, the lever (through the link and lever **)
turns the pivot t about its axis and thereby operates the pawl t and moves the
wheel T in the opposite direction to that indicated by the arrow in Figure 5;
the pawl preventing any return movement of the wheel T. After a definite
number of strokes of the striker S, (which number will correspond to the number
of teeth on the wheel T), have been given, the stud will strike the arm of the
lever V which is arranged to lie in its path, thereby moving the projection 15
into the path of the pin m³ so as to stop the cam m² and prevent an inconvenient
length of blank strip of tape being manufactured after the cessation of the
receipt of signals. As previously described, when the first signal is received,
the pawls will be released from the wheel T and the stud will then be returned
to the stop by the spring t¹.
Should the cam m be rotating at somewhat too great a speed with relation
to the rate at which the original transmitting instrument is operated, this will
not have any appreciable effect upon the central spacing perforations between
the signals on the tape, because directly a signal is received and one or other of
the sleeves a or 6 is thereby released, the projection is moved into the path
of the pin m² carried by the sleeve m' as above described. If the pin m³ happens
to be at this moment in advance of the projection, the sleeve m' will complete
its revolution before being stopped by the projection and a central hole will
thereby he incorrectly punched in the tape. This incorrect central hole will
not however affect the signalling from the tape, because the sleeves a¹ and b¹
with their cams, while operating the signalling punches, also simultaneously
operate the central punch as above described, so that the central perforation corre-
sponding to each signalling perforation is always made in the correct position
on the tape. It will thus be seen that the clutch sleeves a¹ and 61 "register"
or correct the movements of the central sleeve m¹ every time that a signal is
received.
Referring to Figures 2 and 6 the shaft N is caused to continuously rotate
preferably by an electro-motor provided with suitable means for regulating its
speed, such as a centrifugal governor arranged to break the electrical circuit
of the motor except through a shunt of suitable resistance, or by any other con-
venient device. n is a gear wheel which is mounted on the shaft N and gears
with other gear wheels n', na mounted respectively on the spindles A and B.
As the shaft N rotates, therefore, the spindles A and B, and (in the case of
tape punching apparatus) the spindle M, are caused to continuously rotate in
the required direction.
It is obvious that I may combine the apparatus shown in Figures 1 and 2
or part thereof with the apparatus shown in Figures 5 to 8. For instance I may
provide the strikers P and S shown in Figures 5 and 6, with contact makers
to enable them to electrically operate a local instrument, or to perform the
function of the instrument shown in Figures 1 and 2 either alone or simultane-
ously with the punching.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim in electric telegraph apparatus is:-
1. The combination with a continuously rotating spindle and an arresting
device, of a sliding rotary clutch adapted to operate lengthwise of the spindle
substantially as and for the purpose specified.
2. The sliding portion of the clutch mounted frictionally on the continuously
rotating spindle and provided with laterally projecting pins or other projections
adapted to co-operate with rollers so as to move the sleeve along the spindle
against the resistance of a spring or springs and out of gear with clutch teeth
on the spindle for the purpose specified.
3. The two sets of cam devices, one operated by the positive and the other by
the negative signalling impulses received from a line or cable, and adapted to
operate transmitting levers, for the purpose specified.
4. The pivoted "reversing" levers which have their free ends connected by
an insulated link and are operated by a contact lever having a spring connection
with a rocking device, substantially as described.
5. An instrument adapted to automatically transmit and "curb" relay signals
and to interpolate any of the original signalling impulses missed during trans-
mission, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
6. Tape punching apparatus operated automatically by received signals and
provided with means for automatically limiting the length of blank tape punched
when no signals are received, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
7. In tape punching apparatus operated automatically by received signals,
the combination with the cams for actuating the punches, of a stopping device
adapted to be actuated by the signalling punch cams for registering the central
punch cam substantially as and for the purpose specified.
8. Apparatus constructed arranged and operating substantially as described
with reference either to Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, or to Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8 of
the accompanying drawings, for the purpose specified.
Dated this 30th day of May 1900.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.