IMPROVEMENTS IN THEACHINE
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Huntington and Thomas Huntington, of
the Victoria Mills, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Millers, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY FOR THe Manufacture
the Victoria Mills, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Millers, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE
OF BREAD."
Sealed the 31st October 1862, and dated the 2nd May 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Huntington and
Thomas Huntington, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 2nd May 1862.
We, WILLIAM HUNTINGTON and THOMAS HUNTINGTON, of the Victoria Mills,
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Millers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY FOR THE MANU-
FACTURE OR BREAD," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
This Invention has for its object the greater facilities for the preparing of
dough, and especially fermented dough, in quantity, for the making of bread.
This Invention consists of one, two, or any greater number of long narrow
troughs, (of say 30 feet long by 2 feet wide, and 16 inches deep), in which
the dough is mixed. These troughs are fitted with wheels or castors, mounted
on the ends of crank arms or levers, or their mechanical equivalent, in such a
way that the troughs may be elevated upon the wheels or castors, to enable
them to be rolled about freely at will, or let down so as to rest solidly on their
bottoms. Into these troughs the water, yeast, and other required ingredients
are deposited, when they are placed, one at a time, on to a travelling platform,
which has a reciprocating motion below a pair of rotating transverse shafts,
which project over the edge of the trough at each side. These shafts are each
fitted or formed at their inner ends, with a forked T-head, or arms projecting

page_text: at right angles to the driving shafts, and carry a number of horizontal bars
or arms, (say five on each), springing at right angles from the inner vertical
face of the T-head, and parallel with the driving shafts. The driving shafts
on each side are mounted in fixed bearings on stationary framework, and fitted
with toothed or bevel gear, or their mechanical equivalent, so that the shafts,
when in motion, revolve in opposite directions. The horizontal projecting
arms extend nearly across the trough, and partially intersect each other.
Above the stationary frame of the machine is placed a large hopper, into which
the flour to be operated upon is placed, the throat or discharge orifice in the
bottom of the hopper is fitted with a revolving fluited roller, which discharges
When the apparatus
the flour gradually and regularly into the trough below.
is in operation, the trough travels on the carriage upon which it rests with a
backwards and forward motion, so as to allow the mixing arms to act upon the
contents of the trough. The extreme internal ends of the troughs are rounded
off, so as to allow the revolving mixing arms to operate on the whole of the
contents of the trough. After the dough has been sufficiently operated upon,
that trough is removed, to make way for another, by elevating it on its wheels
and rolling it away to the lower end of an endless elevating band, where the
dough is cut into pieces by the attendant, when it is carried into an upper
room, on forks attached to the face of the elevating band to be formed into
loaves ready for baking, which is done in the ordinary way. The apparatus
may be actuated by steam or other motive power. If preferred, the troughs
could be arranged to remain stationary during the action of the mixing arms
on the dough, by making the framework carry the mixing arms, and the
hopper above to have a reciprocating motion. But it is believed that the first-
described arrangement will be found more convenient in practice.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Huntington and Thomas Huntington, in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 1st November 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
HUNTINGTON and THOMAS HUNTINGTON, of the Victoria Mills, Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Millers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said

page_text: William Huntington and Thomas Huntington, Her special licence, that we,
the said William Huntington and Thomas Huntington, our executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said William Huntington
and Thomas Huntington, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after, during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BREAD," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said William Huntington and Thomas Huntington, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Huntington and Thomas
Huntington do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement (that is to say):
This our said Invention has for its object the greater facilities for the
preparing of dough, and especially fermented dough, in quantity, for the
making of bread.
This Invention consists of one, two, or any greater number of long narrow
troughs (of, say, 30 feet long, by two feet wide, and sixteen inches deep in which
the dough is mixed. These troughs are fitted with wheels or castors, mounted
on the ends of crank-arms, or beams, or their mechanical equivalent, in such.
a way that the troughs may be elevated upon the wheels or castors, to enable
them to be rolled about freely at will, or let down so as to rest solidly on their
bottoms. Into these troughs we place the water, yeast, and other ingredients
required, when we place them, one at a time, on to a platform which has a
reciprocating motion, below a pair of rotating transverse shafts, which project
over the edge of the trough at each side. Each of these shafts we fit or form
at their inner ends with a forked T-head (or arms projecting at right angles
to the driving shafts), and which carry a number of horizontal bars, or arms
(say five on each), springing at right angles from the inner vertical face of the
T-head and parallel with the driving shafts. The driving shafts on each side
we mount in fixed bearings on stationary framework and fit them with
toothed or bevel gear, or their mechanical equivalent, so that the shafts, when

page_text: in motion, revolve in opposite directions. The horizontal projecting arms, in
line with the driving shaft, extend nearly across the trough, and partially
intersect each other. Above the stationary frame of the machine we place a
large hopper, into which the flour to be operated upon is placed; the throat or
discharge orifice in the bottom of the hopper is fitted with a revolving fluited
roller, which discharges the flour gradually and regularly into the trough.
below. When the apparatus is in operation, the trough travels on the carriage
upon which it rests with a backwards and forward motion, so as to allow the
mixing arms to act upon the contents of the trough. After the dough has
been sufficiently operated upon that trough we remove to make way for
another by elevating it on its wheels and rolling it away to the lower end of
an endless elevating band, where the dough is cut into pieces by the attendant,
when it is carried into an upper room on forks attached to the face of the
elevating band, to be formed into loaves ready for baking, which we do in
the ordinary way. If preferred, the troughs could be arranged to rėmain
stationary during the action of the mixing arms on the dough, by making the
framework carrying the mixing arms and the hopper above to have a recipro-
cating motion, but we prefer the first-described arrangement as we have found
it more convenient in practice.
The apparatus may be actuated by hand, or by steam, or other motive-
power engine, through suitable gear, but we prefer to use two small engines
connected direct to the driving shafts.
That this our said Invention may be there more readily seen and understood,
we have hereunto annexed Drawings, showing so much of an apparatus con-
structed according to our Invention as will be requisite to illustrate its practical
application. Figure 1 is a partial side elevation of the apparatus shown with
the reciprocating carriage for carrying the trough broken off. The dotted line
shows the position of the upper edge of the trough, and Figure 2 is an end
elevation of the apparatus with the trough and reciprocating carriage shown in
section for exposing the mixing arms; Figure 3 is a plan of one of the mixing
arms on the end of the driving shaft, and Figure 4 is a view of the same
looking towards the shaft, the mixing blades being seen in section. A is the
stationary double framework of the machine; B, horizontal stays connecting
the framework which pass through C, hollow stay pillars; D, main driving
shaft, on which is keyed E, a pinion wheel; F, a large wheel, on the
axle of G, one of the mixing arms; H, a second mixing arm, which
receives motion through F¹, a large cog wheel, which works into I, a small
intermediate wheel, gearing into E', a second pinion, on the main driving
shaft; K, the transverse shaft, on which is keyed the intermediate wheel (1),

page_text: and which also actuates one or a pair of fluited rollers, which extend across
the bottom of L, a hopper; M and M', fast and loose driving pullies; N and
N', fast and loose pullies of smaller diameter, keyed on the opposite end of the
main driving shaft (D) to be used when increased speed is required; P, tram
rails, upon which travels Q, a carriage, which has imparted to it a recipro-
cating motion in the same way as the table of a planing machine, or in any
other convenient manner; R, the kneading trough.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of this our said
Invention for "Improvements in the Machinery for the Manufacture of
Bread," and how we believe it can be best carried into practical effect, we
wish it to be understood that we do not confine ourselves to the precise details,
relative proportions, or dimensions herein-before described and set forth, as it
will be readily seen that the same may be considerably varied without
departing from the Invention, but what we do claim is,
First, the uso of the revolving kneading arms (G), substantially and in the
manner and for the purpose herein-before described and set forth, or any mere
Inodification of the same.
Secondly, imparting to the kneading trough a reciprocating motion, that
the whole of the contents thereof may be operated upon by the revolving
blades of the kneading arms, as berein-before described, or any mere modifica-
tion of the same.
And, lastly, the general combination and arrangement of the various parts
of the apparatus, substantially and in the manner and for the purpose herein-
before described and set forth, or any mere modification of the same.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Huntington and Thomas
Huntington, bave bereunto set our hands and affixed our seals, this
Thirtieth day of October, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and sixty two
WILLIAM (L.S.) HUNTINGTON.
THOMAS (L.S.) HUNTINGTON.
Witness,
WILLIAM WALKER,
of 44, Castle Street, Liverpool.