Machine for Screwing Up and Unscrewing the Nuts of Bolts.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Aug., 1395
Complete Specification Left, 11th May, 1896-Accepted, 8th Aug.. 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Machine for Screwing Up and Unscrewing the Nuts of Bolts.
THOMAS WHARTON FORD 49 Fellows Road South Hampstead London
Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to the use of friction gear for screwing up and unscrewing
the nuts of bolts. I employ a machine which has a spindle working inside a sleeve,
a female cone being cast in one piece with the sleeve or secured to it by other
suitable means, and sliding on a key bedded on the spindle is a male cone engaging
therewith. A lever and spring with adjusting nuts acting upon the spring are
provided to bring the cones into frictional contact & to regulate the amount of
frition, fast & loose pullies being provided to enable the machine to be driven in
either direction. The spindle is arranged to receive box spanners of any size.
A spring spanner is used in unscrewing which ejects the nut when it is run off the
bolt. A cutting tool is applied to the spindle to remove the "burr of a bolt
that has been rivetted over the nut. The top portion of the machine works
horizontally upon a slide rest, and the spanner is brought to the work by a lever
acting upon the spindle. A treadle or other device is also fixed to the machine
acting upon the spring to release the coues and admit of the spanner being drawn
away from the nut by the lever.
Dated this 6th day of August 1895
"
machine for Screwing Up and Unscrewing the Nuts Of Boits.
I THOMAS WHARTON FORD of No. 49 Fellows Road, South Hampstead N.W.
Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention refers to a machine to be used principally for screwing up and
unscrewing the uuts of bolts and the like and it consists in so arranging the various
parts that while permitting of operating in the desired manner it is impossible for
the machine to turn a nut, for instance, to such an extent as to cause the thread
therein or on the bolt to be stripped or unduly strained.
Instead of using a
spanner for screwing up or unscrewing nuts and the like another tool may. be
substituted as required.
Figure 1, Sheet 1, of the accompanying drawings is an end view partly in
section of a machine constructed according to my invention.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional elevation.
Figure 3 is a plan.
Figure 4 is a similar view with the upper part of the machine removed.
Figures 5 and 6 are respectively longitudinal sectional and plan views of a box
spanner used with the machine to an enlarged scale as compared with the previous
figures.

page_text: Figures 7 and 8 are respectively plan and end views of one form of cutting tool
also on a larger scale and
Figure 9, Sheet 2, is a diagrammatic plan view to a reduced scale showing how
the machine is arranged with regard to the work to be performed.
Figure 10 represents a modified form of machine in front elevation.
Figure 11 is a plan thereof and
Figure 12 is an end view.
Referring to Figures 1 to 8, Sheet 1, and Figure 9, Sheet 2, it will be seen that
the machine has a spindle or toolholder A working inside a sleeve B which is
capable of revolving but not of moving longitudinally a female cone B¹ being
made in one with the sleeve, or secured to it. by other suitable means, and a male
cone C having a feather C¹ capable of sliding in a longitudinal feather way in the
spindle is arranged to engage with the female cone B.
A lever D having a fork to engage with the cone C is pivotted to an arm D¹ on
the upper part E of the machine and the lower end of this lever has pivotted
thereto a screwed rod D2 going through a hole in a web E¹ forming part of the
frame E and having adjusting nuts and washers so that any desired degree of
compression may be put on a spring F. The other end of the screwed rod D' is
carried by folk forming the shorter arm of a bell crank lever G which by a
link G is connected to a foot lever or treadle H mounted at the side of the
frame E2. Normally it is intended that the effect of the spring F will cause
sufficient frictional contact between the cones B and C but when pressure is
applied to the foot lever H against the power exerted by the spring, the cone C
will he withdrawn from the cone B'. Fast pulley I keyed or otherwise fastened to
the sleeve B and loose pulleys K K¹ are provided and a straight and a crossed
belt run thereon being driven for instance from a countershaft overhead, so as to
permit of the machine being driven in either direction. The machine is provided
with striking gear consisting of two forks L and L' mounted capable of sliding in
guides in the ordinary manner and actuated by a hand lever M pivotted at M¹.
In this arrangement however it is obvious that the hand lever must not be attached
to both forks L and L' at the same time or the result would be that when the
handle was moved both the crossed and straight belts would be caused to run on
the fixed pulley I with the result that the latter would not revolve in either
direction unless one of the belts broke because one belt runs in the direction for
screwing up while the other runs in the opposite direction. If however there be
only one pin M², it follows that the lever can only be connected to one fork at a
time thereby, and consequently it will be impossible that the operator will make
any mistake.
The upper part E of the machine is arranged to slide on the frame E2 in the
same manner as the slide rest of a lathe having a nut N, screw O mounted in
bearings in the frame and a hand wheel O¹ so as to permit the upper part of the
machine being moved so that the spindle shall come fair with the nuts or holes of
various sized wheels, see also more particularly Figure 9.
The spindle A is arranged at one end with a chuck or otherwise as shewn to
receive box spanners or cutting tools of any size or description.
A spring spanner, which ejects a nut from its interior which has been removed
from a bolt is shewn in detail in Figures 5 and 6.
It consists of a spanner P
having a cylindrical recess P¹ in which slides a piston P which is normally kept in
an extended position by a spring P. The piston P' has a shank P₁ with a
longitudinal slot therein and the spanner has a pin or rivet P' going right through
the slot to form a stop and to prevent the piston from coming out. It is apparent
however that I do not confine myself to this particular form of stop and that other
constructions of retaining devices for the piston P' may be employed equally
well.
A cutting tool Q for removing the burrs of the bolts is shown in Figures 7
and 8. It is provided with a recess Q¹ shown in dotted lines about the size of the
bolts it is intended to be employed upon and the end is fashioned with cutting

page_text: edges Q. If desired a drill may be employed to drill out a broken bolt or indeed
to make fresh holes.
The spindle A (Figures 1 to 3) is moved longitudinally to bring it up to its
work or to feed the spanner or other tool by means of a forked lever R pivotted
to an aim R¹ on the upper pait E of the machine. The said spindle A has a
journal or bearing A¹ having flanges and secured in place by nuts A' which cause
the spindle to move longitudinally when the forked lever is inoved.
Referring to Figures 10, 11 and 12 it is apparent that this machine has a
spindle A working in sleeves B2 B3 mounted in the upper part e of the machine
which sleeves are capable of revolving but not of moving longitudinally. The
sleeves B B have each mounted thereon or made in one therewith, bevel wheels
which receive motion from another bevel wheel B. The spindle A has a feather
way and a clutch device with a feather is mounted to revolve on the spindle
midway between the two bevel wheels while a pivotted lever m is arranged to
cause the clutch i to gear either with the bevel wheel on the sleeve B³ or with
that on the sleeve B³ or to gear with neither when held in a neutral position.
Motion is communicated to the bevel wheel B which is mounted. on a shaft B
by means of a spur wheel B° also mounted on the shaft B5 and gearing with a
pinion A¹ mounted on the main shaft A². A female cone b¹ which also serves as
a belt pulley is mounted loosely on the main shaft A' and a inale cone c having a
feather c capable of sliding in a longitudinal feather way in the shaft is arranged
to engage with the female cone . The male cone c is provided with an extension
bored out to take a coiled spring f and the shaft is screwed at the end and
provided with nuts and washers so that any desired degree of compression may be
put on the spring f. Naturally it is intended that the effect of the spring will
cause sufficient frictional contact between the cones and c. The hand lever m
is pivotted to the upper part of the machine at ml, Figure 10, and according as
the clutch i is made to gear with the bevel wheels B or B3 the spindle A revolves
in one or the other direction. The spindle A is fashioned as before described
with reference to Figures 2 and 3, Sheet 1, so as to render it capable of taking
a box spanner or other tool.
The upper part of the machine is arranged to slide on the frame e, having a
nut (not shewn), a screw o mounted in bearings in the frame and a square o¹ on the
end of the screw for a hand wheel or handle.
The
The spindle A is mounted longitudinally to bring it up to its work or to feed
the spanner or other tool by means of a rack rattached to the spindle in such
manner as to allow it to revolve. The rack is mounted to slide in the upper part
of the machine e and motion is given to the rack by means of a pinion.
pinion is keyed to a vertical shaft having a worm wheel 2, but this worm wheel
is attached to a clutch, so that if desired the worm wheel cau be disconnected
from the shaft of the pinion by means of the lever and by putting a handle
or wheel on the square the spindle can be fed in or out at a quick speed by
hand. When however an automatic feed is desired this is obtained from the
sbaft B which has cone pulleys B' by means of a belt or strap to cone pulleys B³
mounted on a shaft B having at its other end a worm B10 (Figure 12) which gears
with a worm wheel B made to turn with a shaft B by means of a screw clutch B¹³
worm B worm wheel, pinion and lack r. The other end of the shaft B
has a bevel wheel B1 which gears with another bevel wheel B mounted on
short spindle surmounted by a square . This is convenient where a slow hand
feed is desired as the worm wheel B" can be disconnected by unscrewing the
screw clutch B" and the rack be then operated by means of the worm B¹, worm
and pinion r
a
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. A machine consisting of a frame on which is mounted a sliding part carewing

page_text: a spindle or tool holder constructed to carry a box spanner or other tool means for
causing the spindle to move longitudinally, and a frictional device for revolving
the said spindle in either direction at desire substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
2. A machine consisting of a frame E' on which is mounted a sliding part E,
a spindle or tool holder. A capable of revolving and moving longitudinally in a
sleeve B fast and loose pulleys I K and K and striking gear therefor, friction
cones B and C operated by a spring F, a lever R for effecting the longitudinal
motion of the spindle and a treadle or foot lever H for releasing the friction
cones substantially as described and shewn with reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, 4
and 9.
3. A machine consisting of a frame e on which is mounted a sliding part e, a
spindle or tool holder A capable of revolving and moving longitudinally in sleeves B'
and B, a spring friction pulley b¹ c, rack and gearing for effecting the longi-
tudinal motion of the spindle and clutches for putting in and out of gear and
changing the longitudinal and revolving directions of motion of the spindle
substantially as described and shewn with reference to Figures 10, 11 and 12.
4. The construction of box spanner substantially as described with reference to
Figures 5 and 6.
5. The construction of tool for removing burrs from bol.s substantially as
described with reference to Figures 7 and 8.
JENSEN & SON,
77 Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.
JENSEN & SON,
77 Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.