Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Dyeing, Bleaching, Impregnating, and otherwise similarly Treating Yarn in Bobbins and Cops.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Oct., 1887
Complete Left, 22nd May, 1888
Complete Accepted, 22nd June, 1888
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Dyeing, Bleaching,
Impregnating, and otherwise similarly Treating Yarn in Bobbins
and Cops.
I, FERDINAND ROSSKOTHEN of Zwittau, Moravia in the Austro-Hungarian Empire,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the method of and apparatus for dyeing bleaching
impregnating and otherwise similarly treating yarn when wound in bobbins or cops.
It has hitherto been usual to perform these operations upon yarn in the form of
hanks and then to wind the yarn in bobbins or cops for future use.
This rewinding
of the yarn I avoid by operating directly upon the bobbins or cops. Cross wound
bobbins are the most convenient for the purposes of this Invention that is to say,
bobbins upon which the yarn is wound upon thin paper tubes in such a manner that
the completed bobbin needs no lateral support.
And in order that this my Invention may be more readily understood I have here-
unto appended drawings to which reference is hereinafter made.
Figs. 1 & 2 represent a front and side elevation respectively of a cross wound
bobbin as described. I prefer that all the bobbins to be used in one operation should
have the same diameter so that they fit into tubes R Figs. 8, 9, 10 & 11. A number
of bobbins are placed upon a perforated metallic tube C Figs. 5, 6, 8 and 10. In
order that the bodies of the bobbins of yarn may lie closely together the projecting
ends of the paper tubes are split and turned over as shown in Figs 3 and 4. Upon
one end of each of the metallic tubes (there is placed a perforated disc which may
be held thereon by a pin as shewn in Fig. 5. Each of the tubes R of the apparatus
is filled with cross wound bobbins placed end to end and a perforated cover D is
secured over all. The small tubes C pass through the cover and are provided with
hooks at their ends by means of which the bobbins may be forced together. This
is a matter of great importance as the yarn is thereby caused to form a completely
homogeneous mass which everywhere offers an uniform resistance to the passage
of the dyeing or other liquid.
To secure perfectly uniform dyeing or other analogous treatment it is desirable
that the liquid should come into uniform contact with all the fibres in the bobbin,

page_text: If the liquid was forced through the yarn in one direction only the layers situated
further away from the admission opening would always be supplied with weaker
liquid and would be dyed or otherwise treated in a less degree than those layers
with which the liquid first comes into contact. In order therefore to obtain an
uniform result it is desirable that the direction of the passage of the liquid should
be frequently changed.
This is accomplished by means of the apparatus represented in Figs. 8 and 9
and which consists of a cylinder mounted upon a carriage running upon rails by
means of a pivot Z. One of the ends E of this cylinder turns about a hinge F
and may be opened for filling the tubes R with the cross wound bobbins. This
cover is held down by cross bar G during the working. The whole apparatus is
divided by partitions into four compartments M N O P. The dyeing or other
liquid is forced under pressure into the apparatus through the cock H, and
according to the position of the three way cocks H J K L it may be caused to
traverse the tubes R and the contained bobbins in any desired direction finally
flowing off through the cock L. Any one of the compartments M N O P may
be brought into communication with either the admission or exit pipe. When
the passages to the compartments N and O are closed by the cocks J and K and
the liquid is forced into compartment M it must pass through the tubes and
bobbins longitudinally and through the chainber P to flow off by the cock L.
The four three way cocks may be arranged so as to be operated by a single long
plug common to all the cocks, the step by step rotation of which will successively
open the various cocks or they may be otherwise suitably arranged and operated.
When the chambers M and O are shut off and the liquid enters the compart-
ment N through the cock J it will pass through the perforations in the tubes R
and flow through the bobbins in a longitudinal direction and leave through the
chamber P and cock L. When the chambers M and N are closed and the liquid
enters chamber through cock K it also passes from the outside into the pipe R
and flows away through chamber P and cock L. When the chambers O and P
are closed and the liquid is forced into chamber M while chamber N is in com-
munication with the exit pipe, it passes through the perforations in the tube into
chamber N whence it is led away through J. L. When N and P are closed and
the liquid is forced into chamber M it traverses a portion of the pipes C longi-
tudinally and then passes through the perforations into chamber and is led
away by cock K.
The liquid may therefore be caused to traverse the pipes longitudinally or to
pass from the interior outwards or from the outside inwards. By increasing the
number of chambers the liquid may be caused to act through any number of
small lengths of the pipes or layers of yarn to secure uniformity in the result.
The
The apparatus may be constructed symmetrically so that it may be turned upon
pivot Z in such a manner that the part which was previously in communication
with the inlet pipe may be connected to the exit pipe and the reverse.
whole process of passing the liquid through tubes and yarn horizontally outwards
and inwards may be repeated after the apparatus has been reversed.
8
The arrangement and application of the small perforated tubes C Figs. 5, 6, 7,
and 10 is of great importance. They serve the double purpose of keeping open
the paper tubes upon which the bobbins are wound so as to render the bobbins
available for future treatment, and of facilitating the admission of the liquid to
their interior portions. If these tubes are not inserted into the bobbins the paper
tubes are pressed together and the cores of the bobbins offer a greater resistance
to the liquid than the more distant layers of yarn. As a consequence, the layers
.situated near the core would be less influenced. The liquid can both enter and
flow off through the perforated tubes and in this manner the uniform treatment
of all the layers of yarn is effected. The tubes are open at each end and in the
centre they have a transverse partition when used in the arrangement shown in
Figs. 8 and 10, which prevents the liquid from passing straight through. When
the liquid is forced longitudinally through the bobbin or bobbins one half of each

page_text: of the tubes C is in communication with the inlet and the other half of each is
in communication with the exit. In one half the liquid passes through the per-
forations from the tube C to the bobbins and in the other half passes from the
bobbins to the tubes, and flows away. The direction of passage of the liquid in
either half outwards or inwards, depends upon whether that half of the pipe passes
through the chamber in communication with the inlet or through the chamber in
communication with the outlet. The liquid is forced into the apparatus in such
quantities that only a portion of it can enter and flow away through the small
tubes C.
It may in some cases be advisable to place thin perforated discs between the
bobbins on the pipes C and the perforations may be arranged so as to distribute
the fluid in its passage as may be required by the character of the winding or by
other conditions.
In place of the perforated paper tubes upon which the yarn is wound the manu-
facture of which is attended with great difficulty, I prefer to employ perforated paper
strips Fig. 3" which are simply wrapped upon a core as shewn in Fig. 4. During
the winding these paper strips are tightly drawn against the iron core by the first
turns of the yarn so that they fit as well as the best paper tubes.
A simplification of the apparatus is represented in Figs. 10 and 11. In this
apparatus the tubes R are not perforated and the chambers N and O are dispensed
with. In this case the liquid is only forced through longitudinally. This apparatus
may also rest by a pivot Z upon a carriage and can be reversed to put either tubes R
and C into communication with the inlet or outlet pipe. The small tubes Care
used to obtain greater uniformity as in the previous apparatus.
The apparatus shewn in Figs. 6 and 7 is a further modification and is divided
into two compartments by a partition. The tubes R are here dispensed with. The
perforated tubes Care secured in the partition and according to which of the com-
partments is in communication with the inlet or outlet the passage of the liquid will
be from the outside inwards or from the inside outwards. Since in this apparatus all
the liquid must flow through the small tubes C they may advantageously be made
larger in proportion. Upon the free end of each small tube C is secured a metallic
plate which serves the double purpose of pressing the bobbins together and preventing
the too free flow of the liquid. This apparatus may also be mounted upon a carriage
and be reversible.
Figs. 12 and 13 shew a dyeing plant to which the apparatus previously described
is applied. T T T are the receptacles containing the liquids with which the yarn is
to be treated. G is a pipe in communication with a reservoir; H is the inlet or
pressure pipe; I is the outlet pipe. A is the carriage running upon rails. The
pump which in the drawings is represented as a centrifugal pump F¹ draws the liquid
from the vessel T and forces it through the pipe H into the apparatus whence it
flows back into the receptacle through pipe I. If the liquid is not to be used over
again it is led away through the three way cock L' into the outlet channel K. For
wasbing the yarn in bobbins the centrifugal pump may draw water directly from the
water pipe G. A safety valve S¹ is so disposed in this pipe that when a certain
pre-determined pressure is reached the liquid can enter the outlet pipe without
traversing the apparatus. The apparatus can be connected with each of the
receptacles TT T2 and through the pressure or inlet pipes H¹ H² H³ and
outlets II 12 and the various operations of mordanting, dyeing, washing &c.
may be performed successively without the necessity for reinoving the yarn from
the apparatus. S is a turn table connecting the railways of different rooms.
Although have described my Invention as applied to the treatment of cross
wound bobbins it is evident that it may be applied to the analogous treatment of
bobbins and cops otherwise wound.
Date this with doxe of October A 1) 1887
WILLIAM E. HEYS,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Dyeing, Bleaching,
Impregnating, and otherwise similarly Treating Yarn in Bobbins
and Cops.
1, FERDINAND ROSSKOTHEN of Zwittau, Moravia, in the Austro-Hungarian Empire,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
This Invention relates to the method of and apparatus for dyeing, bleaching,
impregnating and otherwise similarly treating yarn when wound in bobbins or cops.
It has hitherto been usual to perform these operations upon yarn in the form of hanks
and then to wind the yarn in bobbins or cops for future use. This rewinding of the
yarn I avoid by operating directly upon the bobbins or cops. Cross wound bobbins
are the most convenient for the purposes of this Invention that is to say, bobbins upon
which the yarn is wound upon thin paper tubes in such a manner that the completed
bobbin needs no lateral support.
I will now proceed to describe my Improvements with reference to the drawings
filed with my Provisional Specification and to an additional sheet of drawings appended
hereto.
Figs. 1 and 2 represent a front and a side elevation respectively of a cross wound
bobbin. I prefer that all the bobbins to be used in one operation, whether or not they
are cross-wound, should have the same diameter, so that they fit into tubes R, figs. 8, 9
and 14. A number of bobbins are placed upon a perforated metallic tube C
Figs. 5, 8, 1 and 14. In order that the bodies of the bobbins of yarn may lie closely
together the projecting ends of the paper tubes may be split and turned over as shewn in
Figs. 3 and 4. Upon one end of each of the metallic tubes C there is placed a perforated
disc which may be held thereon by a pin or cotter as shewn in Fig. 5. Each of the
tubes R of the apparatus is filled with bobbins placed end to end and a perforated
cover D is secured over all. The small tubes C pass through the cover and are
preferably provided with hooks at their ends by means of which the bobbins may be
forced together. This is a matter of great importance as the yarn is thereby caused
to form a completely homogeneous mass which everywhere offers a uniform resistance
to the passage of the dyeing or other liquid.
To secure perfectly uniform dyeing or other analogous treatment it is desirable that
the liquid should come into uniform contact with all the fibres in the bobbin. If the
liquid was forced through the yarn in one direction only the layers situated furthest
away from the admission surface would be supplied with weaker liquid and would be
dyed or otherwise treated in a less degree than those layers with which the liquid first
comes into contact. In order therefore to obtain a uniform result it is desirable that
the direction of the passage of the liquid should be changed as often as may be desired
during the operation.
This may be accomplished by means of the apparatus represented in Figs. 8 and 9

page_text: and which consists of a cylinder mounted upon a carriage by means of a vertical
pivot Z. One of the ends E of this cylinder turns about a hinge F and may be opened
for filling the tubes R with the bobbins. This cover is kept closed during the working
by means of a cross bar G. The whole apparatus is divided by partitions into four
compartments M, N, O, P. The dyeing or other liquid is forced under pressure into
the apparatus through the cock H, and according to the position of the three way
cocks H, J, K, L, it may be caused to traverse the tubes R and the bobbins contained
therein in any desired direction finally flowing off through the cock L. Any one of
the compartments M, N, O, P may be brought into communication with either the
admission or exit pipe. Thus, when the passages to the compartments N and O
are closed by the cocks J and K, and the liquid is forced into compartment M, it must
pass through the tubes and bobbins longitudinally and through the chamber P to flow
off by the cock L. The four three way cocks may be arranged so as to be operated
by a single long plug, common to all the cocks, the step by step rotation of which will
successively open the various cocks or they may be otherwise suitably arranged and
operated. Again, when the chambers M. and O are shut off and the liquid enters the
compartment N through the cock J it will pass through the perforations in the tubes R
and flow through the bobbins in a longitudinal direction and leave through the
chamber P and cock L. When the chambers M and N are closed and the liquid enters
chamber through cock K, it also passes from the outside into the pipe R, percolates
through the bobbins and flows away through chamber P and cock L. When the
chambers O and P are closed and the liquid is forced into chamber M while
chamber N is in communication with the exit pipe, it passes through the perforations
in the tube traversing the bobbins on its passage into chamber N whence it is led
away through J L. When N and P are closed and the liquid is forced into chamber M
it traverses a portion of the pipes (longitudinally and then passes through the
bobbins and the perforations into chamber O and is led away by cock K.
The liquid may therefore be caused to traverse the pipes and bobbins longitudinally
or to pass from the interior outwards or from the outside inwards. By increasing the
number of chambers the liquid may be caused to act through any number of small
lengths of the pipes or layers of yarn to secure uniformity in the result.
The apparatus may be constructed symmetrically so that it may be turned upon
pivot Z in such a manner that the part which was previously in communication with
The whole process
the inlet pipe may be connected to the exit pipe and the reverse.
of passing the liquid through tubes and yarn horizontally, outwards and inwards may
be repeated after the apparatus has been reversed.
The arrangement and application of the small perforated tubes C figs. 5, 8 and 14
is of great importance. They serve the double purpose of keeping open the paper
tubes, upon which the bobbins are wound, so as to render the bobbins available for
future treatment, and of facilitating the admission of the liquid to their interior
portions. If these tubes are not inserted into the bobbins the paper tubes collapse or
are pressed together and the cores of the bobbins offer a greater resistance to the
liquid than the more distant layers of yarn. As a consequence, the layers situated
near the core would be less influenced. By means of the perforated tubes the liquid
may be caused either to flow through the bobbins inwards to or outwards from the
perforated tubes and in this manner the uniform treatment of all the layers of yarn in
each cop or bobbin is effected. The perforated tubes Care open at each end, and in
the centre they have a stopper or transverse partition, to deflect the passage of the
fluid. When the liquid is forced longitudinally through the bobbin or bobbins one
portion of each of the tubes C is in communication with the inlet and the other portion
is in communication with the exit. In one portion the liquid passes through the
perforations from the tube C to the bobbins and in the other portion it passes from the
bobbins to the tubes, and flows away. The direction of passage of the liquid in either
portion, outwards or inwards, depends upon whether that portion of the pipe passes
through the chamber in communication with the inlet or through the chamber in
communication with the outlet. The liquid is forced into the apparatus in such
quantities that only a part of it can enter and flow away through the small tubes C.

page_text: It may in some cases be advisable to place thin perforated discs between the bobbins
on the pipes C, and the perforations may be arranged so as to distribute the fluid in
its passage as may be required by the character of the winding or by other
conditions.
In place of the perforated paper tubes upon which the yarn is wound the manu-
facture of which is attended with difficulty, I prefer to employ perforated paper
strips Fig. 3, which are simply wrapped upon a core as shewn in Fig. 4. During
the winding, these paper strips are tightly drawn against the iron core by the first
turns of the yarn, so that they fit as well as the best paper tubes. A simplification
of the apparatus is represented in Fig. 8 and 9. In this apparatus the tubes R
are not perforated and the fluid is only passed longitudinally through the bobbins.
This apparatus may also be mounted upon a carriage and be reversible so that either
of the pipes a and b may be brought in connection with the inlet and outlet.
Although the fluid is only passed longitudinally through the tubes R, radial currents
of fluid are produced in the interior of the bobbins by means of the perforated
tubes C.
The apparatus shewn in Figs. 6 and 7 is a further modification, being divided into
two compartments only by a single partition. The tubes R are here dispensed with.
The perforated tubes C are secured in a partition and, according to which of the com-
partments is in communication with the inlet or outlet, the passage of the liquid
will be from the outside inwards, or from the inside outwards. Since in this
apparatus all the liquid must flow through the small tubes they may advantageouly
be made larger in proportion and they are not provided with an internal stopper.
Upon the free end of each small tube C is secured a metallic plate which serves
the double purpose of pressing the bobbins together and preventing the liquid from
escaping at the open end. This apparatus may also be mounted upon a carriage and
be reversible.
The uniform treatment of the bobbins which is secured according to my Improve-
ments by a change or succession of changes in the direction of How of the liquid
through bobbins may be obtained by a modification in the arrangement of the inlets
and outlets as represented in Fig. 14. Each of the inlets and outlets is controlled
by a cock or valve and the number of inlets and outlets respectively is determined
by the number of compartments in the apparatus. The diagrams, Figs. 15, 15,
15, 15, and 15 show the various directions which may be taken by the fluid when
three compartments are used. In each of the diagrams the fluid enters by the upper
inlet. When the valves are in the position indicated in Fig. 15ª the fluid passes
into the middle compartment and through the bobbins into the two outer compart-
ments, whence it escapes. As the valves are represented in Fig. 15 the fluid takes
the same course as before, but passes to one end compartment only whence it
escapes; by opening the left hand exit valve and closing that on the right the fluid
would pass to and escape from the other end compartment. In each of these cases
the fluid passes from the outside to the interior of the bobbins. The fluid may be
passed from the inside to the outside of the bobbins by opening and closing the valves
respectively as shewn in Fig. 15º. In Figs. 15 and 15° the valves are respectively
so opened and closed that the fluid flows longitudinally through the bobbins. It is
evident that other combinations of open and closed valves respectively may be
employed.
Figs. 12 and 13 shew a plant to which the apparatus previously described is applied.
T, T, Tare the receptacles containing the liquids with which the yarn is to be treated.
G is a pipe in communication with a reservoir; H is the inlet or pressure pipe ; I is
the outlet pipe, A is the carriage running upon rails. The pump which in the drawings
is represented as a centrifugal pump F draws the liquid from the vessel T and forces
it through the pipe H into the apparatus whence it flows back into the receptacle
through pipe I. If the liquid is not to be used over again it is led away through
the three way cock L' into the outlet channel K. For washing the yarn in bobbins,
the centrifugal pump may draw water directly from the water pipe G¹. A safety
valve S¹ is so disposed in this pipe that when a certain pre-determined pressure' is

page_text: reached the liquid can enter the outlet pipe without traversing the apparatus. The
apparatus can be connected with each of the receptacles T, T, T2 and through the
pressure or inlet pipes H¹, H², H³ and outlet pipes I, I, I and the various operations
of mordanting, dyeing, washing etc.. may be performed successively without the
necessity for removing the yarn from the apparatus. S is a turn table connecting the
railways of different rooms.
Although I have described my Invention as applied to the treatment of cross wound
bobbins it is evident that it may be applied to the analogous treatment of bobbins and
cops otherwise wound.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
(1) In apparatus for dyeing, bleaching, impregnating and otherwise similarly
treating yarn in bobbins and cops; perforated tubes and end plates so constructed
and arranged that the bobbins or cops may be mounted upon the perforated tubes
with or without outer concentric perforated tubes, the end plates being secured one
at each end of the series of bobbins or cops; in combination with closed chambers
and means or devices for changing the direction of flow of the fluids inwards, out-
wards or longitudinally through the bobbins or cops; substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
(2) An apparatus for dyeing, bleaching, impregnating and similarly treating yarn
in bobbins and cops constructed and arranged substantially as hereinbefore described
and as illustrated by Figs. 10 and 11 of the drawings accompanying the Provisional
Specification.
(3) An apparatus for dyeing, bleaching, impregnating and similarly treating yarn
in bobbins and cops; constructed and arranged substantially as hereinbefore described
and as illustrated by Figs. 8 and 9 of the drawings accompanying the Provisional
Specification.
(4) An apparatus for dyeing, bleaching, impregnating and similarly reating yarn
in bobbins and cops; constructed and arranged substantially as hereinbefore described
and as illustrated by Fig. 14 of the accompanying drawings.
(5) In apparatus for dyeing, bleaching, impregnating and similarly treating yarn
in bobbins and cops; a perforated tube stopped in the centre or in other suitable and
convenient position and upon which the bobbins or cops are placed so that the fluid
may pass radially outwards from the tube through the bobbins or radially inwards
through the bobbins to the tube; substantially as hereinbefore described with reference
to the drawings.
בד
1
11 1
AM
A n 1000
WILLIAM E. HEYS,
Agent for Applicant.