Shells for High Explosives.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Apr., 1892
Complete Specification Loft, 22nd Jan, 1803 Accepted 8th Apr. 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Shells for High Explosives.
1, JOEL GILBERT JUSTIN, Physician, residing at the corner of Grape and
East Fayette Streets, in the City of Syracuse, County of Onondaga, State of New
York, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of iny invention to
be as follows:-
My invention relates to shells for high explosives which consists of two con-
centric cylinders, the inner one being known as the explosive carrier, and particu-
larly to the construction of this carrier.
My object is to provide an improved means for taking up vibration, for increasing
the capacity of said carrier, and at the same time reducing its weight, and to that
end my invention consists in constructing, substantially, the whole of said carrier,
body and point extension from wood or other analogous or non-vibratory yielding
material, dispensing with any heavy and bulky body and point of metallic and
vibratory material, which requires a lining of non-vibratory material before it can
be used; it being a fact, that the trausmission of vibration to the explosive is
exceedingly dangerous, must be avoided and absolutely prevented; and it being
also a fact that an explosive carrier constructed from non-vibratory material can
be made thinner than the combined thickness of the metallic one with a non-
vibratory lining, and actually does not need to be any thicker than the thickness
of the space occupied by the non-vibratory lining.
Capacity is an important factor in such shells, and in this I have increased it to
the maximum, so that a shell of three feet in length over all, and of nine inches
external or extreme diameter, will carry forty-two pounds of the explosive, while
at the same time no dangerous vibration is transmitted to the explosive.
The accompanying drawings illustrate a form of shell embodying my improve-
ment, and in which
Fig. 1, is a vertical diametrical and longitudinal section of a shell, complete.
Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the explosive carrier detached.
Fig. 3, is a transverse section thereof, on line xx, Fig. 2.
Fig. 4, is a longitudinal section of the explosive carrier, detached.
Fig. 5, is a detail of the pin and slot connection for holding the base detachably
in the rear of the carrier.
A, is the outer casing of the shell; and a is a removable point.
B, is the explosive carrier. It is shown as consisting of a cylindrical body, b, a
point extension c, and a base d, removably connected to the rear end of the body,
by the pin and slot connection e.
This body point and base are constructed substantially wholly of wood, paper,
paper-board, or other analogous non-vibratory material, and herein lies my present
invention.
Hoops or flat bands m may be used when desired or deemed necessary to prevent
lateral expansion of the carrier.
I show an annular ring n secured in and upon the front end of the body, and a
ring n rabbetted interiorly secured upon that and the base of the point secured in
said rabbett, as one method of construction, and of securing the point to the body,
and also at the same time creating the exterior flange upon which it is secured the
ring p of somewhat yielding material, which affords lateral support to that end of
the carrier in the casing.
The base of the carrier is provided with a pivot.
As here shown, the pivot is formed from a pivotal block r, secured to said base.
A pivotal bearing is provided in the base of the shell and is represented as formed
of a block inserted in the base of the shell.

page_text: The base of the carrier is provided with a lateral support p¹ here shown as
secured to the block r.
But I do hereby limit myself to this mode of affording lateral support to the
carrier in the casing.
It is a well known fact, that in firing a shell composed of two cylinders, one
within the other, the inner one of which is the explosive carrier, there is great
tendency to lateral vibration of the walls of the inner cylinder, which must be
taken up, or avoided, in order to absolutely prevent the premature detonation or
explosion of the explosive, and I do this by making the carrier from non-vibratory
material.
.
Also another element of danger is the metallic contact of the metallic carrier
body with the inner walls of the casing of the shell, which I have avoided by my
present construction.
It will therefore be seen that my present invention consists broadly in the con-
struction of the carrier body, point and base, wholly of non-vibratory material
either with or without hoops or bands around the body, secured or connected
together, and together creating an absolutely tight and non-vibratory structure,
which has been successfully fired by me, in a shell.
Dated this 21st day of April 1892.
FELL & WILDING,
1, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C., Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Shells for High Explosives.
1, JOEL GILBERT JUSTIN, of 203 Kirk Block, Syracuse, New York, United
States of America, President of the Justin Projectile Company, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to shells for high explosives which consists of two concentric
cylinders, the inner one being known as the explosive carrier, and particularly to
the construction of this carrier.
My object is to provide an improved means for taking up vibration, for increasing
the capacity of said carrier, and at the same time reducing its weight, and to
that end my invention consists in constructing substantially the whole of said carrier
body and point extension from wood, or other analogous or non-vibratory yielding
material, dispensing with any heavy and bulky body and point of metallic and
vibratory material, which requires a lining of non-vibratory material before it can
be used; it being a fact that the transmission of vibration to the explosive, is
exceedingly dangerous, must be avoided, and absolutely prevented; and it being
also a fact that an explosive carrier constructed from non-vibratory material can be
made thinner than the combined thickness of the metallic one with a non-vibratory
lining, and actually does not need to be any thicker than the thickness of the space
occupied by the non-vibratory lining.
Capacity is an important factor in such shells and in this I have increased it to
the maximum, so that a shell of three feet in length, over all, and of nine inches
external or extreme diameter will carry forty-two pounds of the explosive, while .at
the same time no dangerous vibration is transmitted to the explosive.
The accompanying drawings illustrate a form of shell, embodying my improve-
ment, and in which
Fig. 1, is a vertical diametrical and longitudinal section of a shell, complete.
Fig. 2, is a side elevation of the explosive carrier, detached.
A, is the outer casing of the shell; and a is a removable point.

page_text: B, is the explosive carrier. It is shown as consisting of a cylindrical body b, a
point extension c and a base & removably connected to the rear end of the body by
the pin and slot connection e.
This body, point and base are constructed substantially wholly of wood, paper,
paper-board or other analogous non-vibratory yielding material, and herein lies my
present invention.
Hoops or flat bands m may be used when desired or deemed necessary to prevent
lateral expansion of the carrier.
I show an angular ring n secured in and upon the front end of the body, and a
ring n' rabbetted interiorly, secured upon that and the base of the point, secured in
said rabbett, as one method of construction, and of securing the point to the body,
and also at the same time creating the exterior flange upon which is secured the
ring p of somewhat yielding material, which affords lateral support to that end of
the carrier in the casing.
2"
The base of the carrier is provided with a pivot. As here shown, the pivot is
formed from a pivotal block secured to said base. A pivotal bearing is provided
in the base of the shell, and is represented as formed of a block inserted in the base
of the shell. The base of the carrier is provided with a lateral support p³, here
shown as secured to the block r.
But I do not limit myself to this mode of affording lateral support to the carrier
in the casing.
It is a well known fact that, in firing a shell composed of two cylinders, one
within the other, the inner one of which is the explosive carrier, there is great
tendency to lateral vibration of the walls of the inner cylinder which must be taken
up, or avoided, in order to absolutely prevent the premature detonation or explo-
sion of the explosive, and I do this by making the carrier from non-vibratory
material.
Also another element of danger is the metallic contact of the metallic carrier
body with the inner walls of the casing of the shell, which I have avoided by my
present construction.
It will, therefore, be seen that my present invention consists broadly in the con-
struction of the carrier body, point and base, wholly of non-vibratory material,
either with or without hoops or bauds around the body, secured or connected
together, and together creating an absolutely tight and non-vibratory structure,
which has been successfully fired by me, in a shell.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a shell for high explosives, an explosive carrier comprising a body, con-
structed substantially all from non-vibratory yielding material, as a new article of
manufacture.
2. In a shell for high explosives, an explosive carrier, comprising a body and a
point section, constructed substantially from non-vibratory yielding material, as a
new article of manufacture.
3. In a shell for high explosives, an explosive carrier comprising a body and a
base constructed substantially all from non-vibratory yielding material, as a new
article of manufacture.
4. In a shell for high explosives, composed of two members, one within and
laterally separated from the other, an explosive carrier constructed in separable
parts, and substantially all from non-vibratory yielding material.
5. In a shell for high explosives, composed of two members, laterally separated
from each other, the combination with the outer casing, of an explosive carrier
within it, constructed from non-vibratory yielding material, and hoops around said
carrier.

page_text: 6. In a shell for high explosives, an explosive carrier comprising a body, and a
point section, constructed substantially all from non-vibratory yielding material,
and hoops around the body.
1
1
1000
FELL & WILDING,
Agents for the Applicant.