matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SLEEPERS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THE PERMANENT WAYS OF RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS, AND FOR THE FOUNDATION OF PALLISADES OR RAILINGS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Marven Syer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th June 1869.
I, EDWARD MARVEN SYER, the younger, of Navarino Road, Richmond
Road, Dalston, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SLEEPERS
TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THE PERMANENT WAYS OF RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS, AND
FOR THE FOUNDATION OF PALLISADES OR RAILINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel and improved mode of connecting
together hollow metal sleepers, and consists in forming them in alternate
short and long lengths, by preference, say, about three feet long by nine
inches wide for the short lengths, and six feet long by nine inches wide
for the long lengths. I propose to make each end of the aforesaid short
lengths with curved flanges across their entire width, which operate as
hooks, and are intended to take each into a recess or over a bar fixed to
or formed across each end of the aforesaid long lengths of sleepers, so

page_text: that when several of such said sleepers are thus connected together at
their ends they shall present a continuous rigid line of sleepers well
adapted for the foundation of the permanent ways of railways, tramways,
and for pallisades or railings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROPE, CORD, AND TWINE, AND IN THE MACHINERY THEREFOR
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ellison at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th July
1869.
I, JOHN ELLISON, of Lisburn, in the County of Antrim, in Ireland,
Rope and Twine Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROPE, CORD, AND
TWINE, AND IN THE MACHINERY THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the carding, cleaning, smoothing, rubbing,
or finishing of ropes, cords, and twines, and consists in the use of a
cylinder or cylinders covered with a clothing of iron or steel chains,
bars, or plates roughened so as to resemble and act on such ropes, cords,
and twines in the same manner as the face of a file or rasp, and in
applying cocoa fibre, coir yarn, card clothing, hair rope, or other similar
rubbing or polishing substances to such ropes, cords, and twines between
a horizontal table or plate and a cover, which are driven backwards and
forwards in the line of direction of the ropes, cords, and twines, and
may be attached to any stationary finishing machine. The table or
plate and the cover may be grooved or roughened to increase the bite
of the rubbing or polishing substances above-mentioned upon the ropes,

page_text: cords, and twines. The table or plate and cover may be driven in the
manner above described by means of a rod or arm working from an
eccentric or crank attached to one or each end of the axle of one of the
cylinders or of a drum or wheel of the finishing machine.
- MENTS IN RAISING GIGS USED IN THE PROCESS OF RAISING THE NAP OF WOOLLEN CLOTH OR OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dawson and Thomas
Constantine Fawcett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 22nd July 1869..
We, JOHN, DAWSON, of Leeds, in the County of York, Machine Maker,
and THOMAS CONSTANTINE FAWCETT, of Leeds, aforesaid, Machine
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE -
MENTS IN RAISING GIGS USED IN THE PROCESS OF RAISING THE NAP OF WOOLLEN
CLOTH OR OTHER FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to facilitate the process of raising the
nap of woollen cloth or other fabrics, and to economise room or space
occupied by the machinery.
The improvements relate to the single cylinder raising gigs, and
consist in mounting the scray with the drawing rollers on the top of the
framework of the machine over or above the cylinder, and by preference
we use a semicircular travelling scray with the drawing rollers combined
therewith; also in the application of any ordinary reversing motion, so
that the machine may be turned in either direction at pleasure, or
backward and forward alternately; also in the use in combination with

page_text: this machine of two spirally grooved breast or expanding rollers, the
spirals running in opposite directions from the middle thereof; and in
the application of a carrying roller over the cylinder, whereby we
obtain action on the cloth or fabric at two different points or parts of
the cylinder.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF EXTRACTING COLOR FROM VEGETABLE MATTER
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francois Rave at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd June
1869.
I, FRANCOIS RAVE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF EXTRACTING COLOR FROM VEGETABLE MATTER," to be
as follows:-
My Invention is designed for the purpose of extracting a brown or
amber color from the woods termed barwood and camwood. The color
when produced I prefer to call by the name of santaline. The improved
method of producing such color may be thus described:-The wood or
woods after being reduced to powder by the ordinary method of grinding
is mixed with water to a semi-fluid or pasty consistency, after which it
is impregnated with a solution of a vegetable or mineral alkali, such as
soda or potash; the mixture is then allowed to stand for about six hours,
after which the liquor is drawn off into a vessel in which it is infused
with a volatile alkali, such as sulphuric acid, the liquor then having a

page_text: rich brown color, in which state it is ready for use, the depth or tone
of color being regulated according to the color of the woods employed.
The residue of the wood after the color has been extracted may be
employed with advantage in the manufacture of paper.
A NEW KIND OF TISSUE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Delattre at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
March 1869.
I, HENRY DELATTRE, of Roubaix, France, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW KIND OF TISSUE," to
be as follows:-
The Invention relates to a new kind of tissue or fabric, which I call
Japanese crape, and which may be manufactured by any ordinary loom
and process of weaving.
The Invention merely consists in making use of a web or warp of
suitably twisted or twined worsted or woollen yarn, some of which warped
yarns are twisted in one and the others in the opposite direction, namely
in such manner as to alternate in a symetrically regular manner over
the entire breadth of the web, by which means a peculiar sort of
shrivelling or shrinking will take place in the fabric, when this latter,
after being woven, is submitted either to a hot dyeing bath or baths or
merely to a bath of boiling water.
A NEW AND IMPROVED COMBINED PIANOFORTE AND HARMONIUM
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Guesné at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
November 1869.
I, JULES GUESNÉ, of 13, Charlotte Street, Portland Road, London,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW AND IMPROVED COMBINED PIANOFORTE AND HARMONIUM,"
to be as follows:-
This instrument is neither a pianoforte or an harmonium, but both
the instruments in one, having all their qualities, still keeping the form
of the pianoforte, which is more pleasing and elegant than the harmo-
nium. The two instruments can be played singly or together upon a
single keyboard, and by means of registres or draw stops the player has
the facility of making use of either the pianoforte or harmonium, or both
of them. As the old draw stops when pulled out over the keys obstruct
the player I have improved on them by making small catches, which
are simply pressed down and do not require to be pulled out over the
keys, as in the old action. The keyboard of the instrument has (seven)
7 octaves of notes. The pianoforte action extends the entire compass

page_text: of 7 octaves, and the harmonium attachment extends six octaves from
"Fa" to "Fa," being one octave more than the ordinary compass of
an harmonium. The upper half of the harmonium attachment has
three different rows of vibrators, which by means of three treble catches
or registres can be made to sound seperately or together, and the lower
half of the harmonium attachment has two different sets of vibrators,
which by means of two bass catches or registres can be made to sound
seperately or together, so that altogether the instrument has in addition
to the pianoforte action two and a half complete sets of vibrators, which
are brought into action by means of 5 draw stops. The lower panel of
the instrument can be removed easily as there is no obstruction, the
treadles being fixed in the plinth of the instrument, and the iron levers
which work the blowers rest upon the treadles without being fixed to
them, so that all complicated mechanism is avoided.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING CONGLOMERATES OF CAST IRON AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Schoenberger Blair and
Francis Ellershausen at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 28th August 1869.
We, THOMAS SCHOENBERGER BLAM, of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, in
the United States of America, and FRANCIS ELLERSHAUSEN, of Ellers-
house, Nova Scotia, but at present both of No. 20, Southampton
Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING
CONGLOMERATES OF CAST IRON AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
In the Specification to C. D. Abel's Patent, No. 1391, of 1869, is
described a process of mixing molten cast iron with carbonaceous
materials, alone or with other substances, for the production of wrought
iron and steel from such conglomerates by treating the same in a
reheating or puddling furnace.
Now our Invention consists in remelting such conglomerates in a
cupola furnace or any other suitable remelting furnace, and in using the
material thus produced for the manufacture of cast steel, either by the

page_text: Bessemer process or any other known process for the production of cast
steel. By this process of remelting the conglomerates the impurities,
such as phosphorus and sulphur, are wholly or partially removed, and
therefore the refined metal is rendered suitable for conversion into
cast steel.
THE USE OF ONE OR MORE STEAM JETS, WITH OR WITHOUT WATER, FOR OBTAINING VACUUM POWER, APPLICABLE TO STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE ENGINES, ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES IN PAPER, CHEMICAL, IRON, STEEL, AND OTHER WORKS AND MANUFACTURES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Cooke and George
Hibbert at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 24th February 1869..
We, JAMES COOKE, Paper Manufacturer, and GEORGE HIBBERT, Mill-
wright, both of Richmond, in the County of York, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "THE USE OF ONE OR MORE STEAM
JETS, WITH OR WITHOUT WATER, FOR OBTAINING VACUUM POWER, APPLICABLE
TO STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE ENGINES, ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES IN PAPER,
CHEMICAL, IRON, STEEL, AND OTHER WORKS AND MANUFACTURES,' to be as
follows:-
وو
This Invention is particularly beneficial when applied to condensing
steam engines working at a great speed, but it may be applied to steam
engines working at the usual speed, and to other motive engines, and in
all works and manufactures where it is requisite to form a vacuum or
partial vacuum.
In applying our Invention to a steam engine we connect the exhaust
pipe from the steam cylinder to a vessel into which water flows or is
injected, and a jet of steam is caused to act on the water as it is passing

page_text: to the discharge pipe. The nozzle of the steam pipe is tapered off and
fits into an enlarged portion of the discharge pipe, the action of the
steam inducing a powerful current which draws the air and water from
the steam cylinder and produces the desired vacuum therein. By this
means a great saving in steam is effected.
In applying our Invention to the various processes in which vacuum
power, or a partial vacuum is required, such as in paper, chemical, iron,
steel, and other works and manufactures, the apparatus for conveying
the jets of steam and water, or either or both of them, must be con-
structed according to the particular object to be obtained.
AN IMPROVED ORNAMENT FOR PERSONAL WEAR
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolf Friedmann at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
May 1869.
I, ADOLF FRIEDMANN, of Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED ORNAMENT FOR PERSONAL WEAR," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is an improved ornament for personal
wear; it is so constructed that it will serve the two-fold purpose of a
brooch or pin and of a support or holder for a locket or pendant orna-
ment, thus dispensing with the necessity of using a chain, necklace, or
necklet. The ornament is provided with a pin or tongue and a catch or
staple for the reception of the same, or with other means of attaching it
to a garment, like a brooch, for instance. The ornament is formed of two
separable parts or pieces, which are fitted, connected, or fastened
together by snap, catch, or other connecting contrivance, so that they
are capable of being readily connected with and disconnected from cach
other. When the parts are disconnected a locket or other pendant may
be introduced and placed on or in my improved ornament, so as to be

page_text: held by and suspended from it securely, when the parts are again fitted
or joined, or fastened together, and the ornament is ready for being
attached to the dress and the wearer. When it is furnished with attach-
ing contrivances like those of a brooch the pin is preferably hinged to
one of the detachable parts of thic ornament, and the catch or hasp
fixed to the other part.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF AN IMPROVED EARTHENWARE Box OR PAN FOR GROWING, RAISING, OR FORCING SEEDS, PLANTS, OR CUTTINGS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Looker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
July 1869.
I, BENJAMIN LOOKER, of Kingston-on-Thames, in the County of
Surrey, Brick and Tile Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "THE CONSTRUCTION OF AN IMPROVED EARTHENWARE
Box OR PAN FOR GROWING, RAISING, OR FORCING SEEDS, PLANTS, OR CUTTINGS,'
to be as follows:-
The Invention consists of constructing earthenware boxes or pans of
any shape or size, with or without bottoms, for growing seeds, plants, or
cuttings. For this purpose a simple earthenware box or pan is made
with a groove round the inside at the top in which glass is made to
slide. These boxes or pans may be made flat at the top or sloping in
one or more directions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Rudrum at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
March 1869.
I, FREDERICK RUDRUM, of Norwich, in the County of Norfolk, do
hereby declaro the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
VELOCIPEDES," to be as follows:-
My improvements in velocipedes consist of an arrangement whereby
the ordinary two wheel or bycycle velocipede can be converted into a
three wheel or tricycle velocipede at the will of the rider by the action
of the weight of his body on the seat, or by the use of the handle or
other means, and the following is an exemplar of the way in which I
carry my Invention into practical effect.
My improved velocipede is provided with a (compound or double)
hind wheel, the parts of which can when desired be caused to separate
and slide apart on the axle, so as to form two wheels, and I arrange
forked levers and gearing between the seat and this compound double
wheel. The parts of this wheel are drawn together by a rack or other
suitable arrangement when required, and can be held together until it is

page_text: desired to separate them. This shifting gearing is worked by the handle
of the guiding wheel.
My improvements further extend to the driving wheels of velocipedes
which consist of an arrangement for preventing the guiding or driving
wheel from being swerved to the right of left. The arrangement above
referred to for setting the guiding wheel in position so as not to swerve
to the right or left consists in the use of a half round handle, which
being brought down a connecting rod is forced down carrying with it
two levers or stops working on a pivot on the perch of the velocipede,
and held in that position by springs attached to a pin on a lever and
pin on the fork over the front wheel.
And likewise in my Invention instead of the ordinary foot piece or
treadle an octagon piece is adopted whereby a flat surface is always
presented ready to receive the foot.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAIR AND TRUNK NAILS, WHICH NAILS ARE EMPLOYED ALSO FOR OTHER USEFUL AND ORNAMENTAL PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Richards at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th September 1869.
I, WILLIAM HENRY RICHARDS, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAIR AND TRUNK NAILS, WHICH NAILS
ARE EMPLOYED ALSO FOR OTHER USEFUL AND ORNAMENTAL PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is by the means herein-after described to
make those kinds of nails referred to in the title in a more substantial
manner and at a less cost than formerly. I first provide a metal blank
(by preference of brass), which is raised into cup shape in the usual
An iron or other metal blank of suitable thickness and of
corresponding diameter to the cup shaped blank is next provided and
placed within it. I then cut out a tin blank of similar diameter and
pierce a hole through its centre, and through this hole is inserted a peg
or nail having a flat head and which has its point outwards. This last
blank (which holds the peg or nail) is then placed inside the cup-shaped
blank first herein-before described, and lies upon the iron or other metal

page_text: blank secondly herein-before described. The outer edge of the cup-
shaped blank is then turned over the inner tin blank and pressed
down firmly thereon, thus at the same time securing in its proper
position the peg or nail inserted in the inner tin blank as aforesaid.
The nail is then placed in dies, stamped, and finished.
The improvements to which my Invention relates are in the manu-
facture of those kinds of nails usually known as chair and trunk nails,
but as is well known these nails are also used for other useful and
ornamental purposes, such as by upholsterers for fastening coverings
upon mantelpeices and upon pieces of furniture, and for other similar
upholstery purposes, and the nails are also largely used upon coffins.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR. APPARATUS FOR TWISTING YARNS AND OTHER THREADS OF COTTON, WOOL, SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Caunce, Micah Gedling
Bradley, and Bernard Bradley at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 2nd February 1869.
We, ROBERT CAUNCE, of Mansfield, in the County of Nottingham,
Mill Manager, and MICAH GEDLING BRADLEY and BERNARD BRADLEY,
both of the Town of Nottingham, Cotton Doublers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR.
APPARATUS FOR TWISTING YARNS AND OTHER THREADS OF COTTON, WOOL, SILK, OR
OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
According to the present Invention a tube of metal or other suitable
substance is firmly fixed in the top spindle rail of the machine (which
rail is a fixed one), and of such a length as to pass through a moveable
rail called the copping rail and reaching nearly to the top of the blade
of the spindle, which passes through the said tube; such tube is of
sufficient strength to form a steady bearing or bolster for the spindle, and
also to serve as an axle for the bobbin to revolve upon. In this machine
the bobbin and spindle are not in contact when in work.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF NITROUS OXIDE GAS (OR OTHER GAS THAT MAY BE INHALED) FOR INDICATING THE QUANTITY AT EACH AND EVERY INHALATION
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sunderland Mawson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th March 1870.
I, SUNDERLAND Mawson, of Bradford, in the County of York, Dentist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF NITROUS OXIDE GAS (OR OTHER
GAS THAT MAY BE INHALED) FOR INDICATING THE QUANTITY AT EACH AND EVERY
INHALATION," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to apparatus employed by dentists in the
administration of the above-named or other suitable gas to patients
previous to operations in dental or other surgery, which apparatus is
constructed after the manner of ordinary illuminating gas holders; but
heretofore there has been no certain or correct means of indicating or
shewing the quantity of gas administered to a patient. My improve-
ments in relation thereto consist of a dial or index plate, which may be
either circular or rectilinear in form, properly graduated or divided, and

page_text: provided with pointers which are actuated through the medium of wheel-
work, and cord or chain conducted by pullies and connected to the
moveable part of the gas holder, whereby the quantity at each inspiration,
and the total, will be clearly shewn on the said dial or plate.
AN IMPROVED CRANK ACTION APPLICABLE TO VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Turner at the Office of the.
Commissioners of Patents, with his. Petition, on the 6th December
1870
I, JOSIAH TURNER, Manager of the Coventry Machinists' Company,.
Coventry, in the County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CRANK ACTION APPLICABLE TO VELOCIPEDES,"
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide a means of lengthening or
shortening at pleasure the throw of the crank of velocipedes while the
vehicle is in motion, and thereby of facilitating the driving of such
vehicles on undulating ground. To this end I make the crank pin which
carries the treadle adjustable on the crank arm or diso simply by the
pressure of the foot applied when the crank has arrived at either of its
dead points. One way of attaining this result is as follows:-I employ
a hollow crank pin to carry the treadle, and this pin I form with a socket
to receive the crank arm on which it is intended to slide. In the crank
pin I fit a spring bolt, and to receive this bolt I form two bolt holes in
the crank arm at such distances apart as will correspond to the difference
of throw intended to be given to the crank. I also provide on the crank

page_text: arm stops which arrest the sliding motion of the socket at such points as
will bring the bolt into coincidence with one or other of the bolt holes,
and thus ensure the locking of the crank pin for the long or the short
stroke. For the purpose of withdrawing the bolt I slot the crank pin and
also the spring bolt to receive a double inclined key, which when moved
in the direction of its length will force back the bolt and permit of the
socket sliding up or down the crank arm, as the case may be. This key
I furnish with a roughened head at each extremity, by striking which
with the foot when the key is in or near a vertical position not only will
the bolt be withdrawn but the socket with its pin will be forced up or
down the crank arm. So soon as the spring bolt comes into line with a
bolt hole of the crank arm it will enter it and thus secure the crank pin
thereto in the desired position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TWILLED. FABRICS, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF SUCH FABRICS TO THE MANUFACTURE OF VARIOUS ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL, AND FOR UPHOLSTERY PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph James Barnett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th September 1870.
I, JOSEPH JAMES BARNETT, of Palmerston Road, Kilburn, in the
County of Middlesex, Warehouseman, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TWILLED.
FABRICS, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF SUCH FABRICS TO THE MANUFACTURE OF
VARIOUS ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL, AND FOR UPHOLSTERY PURPOSES," to be
as follows:
In the manufacture of twilled fabrics the twill usually extends
diagonally across from edge to edge of the fabric, consequently when
such fabrics are made up into garments the twill runs in all directions.
and with a great want of uniformity of arrangement throughout the
garment. It is the object of the present Invention to correct this, and
to arrange the twill so that in all corresponding parts of the garment
say, for instance, the two sleeves or the two lappels of a coat, the
direction of the twill shall correspond or harmonise, that is, shall on both
sides of the garment run towards the body. To this end instead of
making the twill in the fabric extend diagonally in a straight line from
selvage to selvage of the fabric, I cause it to converge or meet at a central

page_text: line equidistant from the two sides of the fabric. To cut out a garment
the fabric must be folded down the central line, and the two thicknesses
cut out at the same time as is usual. The twill on the two pieces will
then converge and an uniformity of appearance will be given to the
corresponding parts of the garment. Twilled fabrics made in this
manner (with converging diagonal lines) may be used for covering chairs,
sofas, and other articles of furniture or for general upholstery purposes,
and will present a much neater and more finished appearance than
when the twill extends diagonally across the article as is now the case.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CRAMPS USED BY CARPENTERS, JOINERS, BUILDERS, AND OTHERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by John Brooks and Thomas Cundy
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 29th November 1870.
We, JOHN BROOKS and THOMAS OUNDY, both of Sheffield, in the
County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CRAMPS USED BY CARPENTERS, JOINERS,
BUILDERS, AND OTHERS," to be as follows :—
This Invention consists in constructing in the following manner
cramps used by joiners and others :--We form a forked shaped piece of
metal from six inches to six feet long, more or less, and one inch deep
according to the length; one end of this piece we bend or turn down
to form a jaw, and the other end we form closed. The top edges of the
aforesaid forked part we form serrated or notched as a ratchet, and
through the sides thereof at short distances asunder we form holes to
receive a pin which serves as the fulcrum of a lever adjustable between
the forked parts of the cramp to suit the width of the work that is to
be cramped. The lower end of the aforesaid lever is formed short as a
jaw corresponding with the other jaw of the cramp, and the upper end
of the said lever is formed long as a handle, and has a piece of metal

page_text: hinged thereto which takes into the serrated edges of the cramp, so that
supposing one or more pieces or a framework of wood to be embraced
by the jaws of a cramp of the construction above described, by forcing
the handle outwards the jaw part thereof will be forcibly pressed against
the work to be held, and the pawl of the lever being placed at the
opposite side to the jaw will take into the teeth of the cramp and thus
securely hold it in the required position.
We do not limit ourselves to the precise form of cramp above described,
but reserve to ourselves as our Invention the principle above described
of constructing cramps.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF CORKS FOR RENDERING THEM IMPERMEABLE, AND TO PRESERVE THEM FROM DECAY
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th June 1870.-A communication from abroad by Auguste de
Müller, of Boulevard de Strasbourg, No. 23, Paris, France, Wine
Merchant.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PREPARATION OF CORKS FOR RENDERING THEM IMPERMEABLE, AND TO PRESERVE
THEM FROM DECAY," to be as follows:-
In a Provisional Specification filed by me on the 2nd July 1869,
No. 1999, I described a process for rendering corks impermeable (com-
municated to me by the said A. de Müller) by first steeping them in oil
at the ordinary temperature and then varnishing them all over with
varnishes of various compositions.
The present improvements consist in steeping the corks first in a bath
of boiling oil of a siccative nature, such as linseed oil by preference,
without any
admixture of resinous or gummy substances, such bath being

page_text: either at the ordinary atmospheric pressure or at increased pressure
inside a closed vessel. By this means the oil is caused effectually to
penetrate into all the pores of the cork, thereby altering its molecular
structure and decomposing the sap, and thus rendering it perfectly
elastic and impervious to decay. The corks are then steeped into a
bath of boiling water in order to remove therefrom the oil that that has
penetrated into them, after which they are dried either in the air or by
stove heat. Lastly, when the corks are perfectly dry a coating of
siccative oil is applied only to that end of the cork which is to come
in contact with the fluid in the bottle or other receptacle. For this
purpose, for instance, siccative linseed oil is prepared with care, the
fat being removed therefrom, and the oil prepared either over a fire
or simply under the action of the sun or in the open air. After
the first coating of such oil has been applied and become dry a second
and even a third coating may be applied if requisite. By thus applying
the varnish only to the inner end of the cork it is allowed to retain its
perfect elasticity, while the said coating of varnish renders it perfectly
impermeable to and unaffected by the fluid contained in the bottle or
other vessel which it closes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TOBACCO PIPES AND CIGAR HOLDERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Gatton Melhuish
Hardingham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 20th May 1870.
I, GEORGE GATTON MELHUISH HARDINGHAM, of 28, Great George
Street, Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TOBACCO
PIPES AND CIGAR HOLDERS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to construct a pipe in such a manner
that it may be used either for the smoking of cut tobacco or of cigars.
For this purpose I form the pipe with two bowls or cavities, branching
from one mouth tube or stem, one of these bowls being suitable for
holding cut tobacco, and the other for receiving the end of a cigar.
I also provide a plug, cap, or cover for closing each bowl, so that when
either bowl is in use the air may be prevented from entering the tube
by the other. When the bowls are of equal diameters one plug or cap
suffices, because the one bowl is open when the other is closed; or when
the bowls are of different diameters one plug or cap may be employed,
its form being such as to admit of its use for either bowl. A cover may
be used mounted on a pin or hinge so as to slide or fold over the mouth

page_text: of either bowl. For the same purpose a small plug may be applied to
the passage or branch from the stem to either bowl. The bowls and
stem may be relatively so arranged as to afford great facility for
manufacture and cleaning, as well as to prevent much of the essential
oil passing to the mouth of the smoker. One construction for this
purpose is to form the two bowls with their axes in the same line at
right angles to that of the stem, and to fit at the junction of the stem
tube with the bowl tubes, a small tap or plug made with a channel
opening to the stem endways and from either bowl sideways according
as it is turned to face the one bowl or the other.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SUIT OR DRESS, AND FITTINGS FOR SAVING LIFE IN WATER
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Benjamin Stoner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th September 1870.
I, JOHN BENJAMIN STONER, of 12, Buckingham Street, Strand, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED SUIT OR DRESS, AND FITTINGS FOR SAVING
LIFE IN WATER," to be as follows:―
The object of my Invention is the saving of life in the event of
shipwreck or other disaster at sea or on other waters.
The means by which I propose to carry out my Invention are, first,
an india-rubber suit of clothing made large enough to cover the person
with all his ordinary clothing on. A cap or hood is attached to the back
and upper part of the said suit for covering the whole of the head and
neck, except the face, having a border of light pure india-rubber cloth
fitting closely under the chin and over the forehead. The upper opening
of the suit is gathered and secured in a semicircular clamp or clasp,
so arranged, constructed, and attached to the suit that it can be adjusted
and closed at once and with ease without previous practice. To the neck
of the suit, at the back, I attach an air case or pillow made of india-

page_text: rubber into which air can be blown by the wearer when he requires to
rest while in the water.
Secondly. In order to secure sufficient buoyancy to float the person,
I make an external jacket of cork or air-tight tin or other tubes. When
made of tin they can be formed large enough to carry a supply of
water for the use of the wearer during several days. In all cases the
jacket is made in two parts, which are united when on with two buckles
and straps before and behind, by which means the jacket can be adapted
to persons of various sizes. This jacket has a strap or cord fixed on each
side under the arms, which reaches to the ankle of the wearer. The
lower ends of these straps have rings or weights of lead or other metal
attached to them of sufficient weight to maintain the wearer in an
upright position. These metal weights are so formed as to fit loosely
around or partially around the ankle, and are covered with canvass or
other suitable material, and are secured behind by straps and buckles.
The jacket is kept in its position by suspenders or shoulder straps, made
of saddle girthing or other suitable material; by this means the strain
of the weights is put upon the shoulders of the wearer when out of the
water, but immediately on entering the water the whole of the strain
is transferred to the jacket, thereby entirely relieving the wearer of all:
the inconvenience arising therefrom. Jackets or buoys thus made can
be used for saving life, in cases of emergency, without the india-rubber
suit. They can also be worn whilst bathing, with or without a bathing
dress. Attached to the jacket by any suitable means I provide a floating
hollow buoy, the inside of which is divided into two compartments, the 2
lower one for a store of fresh water and the upper one for provisions,
day and night signals, or other requisites.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF BEER, ALE, AND OTHER LIQUIDS IN ORDER TO FINE AND PRESERVE THEM
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander William Gillman
and Samuel Spencer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 13th December 1870.
We, ALEXANDER WILLIAM GILLMAN, of Wimbledon Park Road,
Wandsworth, and SAMUEL SPENCER, of Dover Road, in the Borough of
Southwark, both in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF BEER,
ALE, AND OTHER LIQUIDS IN ORDER TO FINE AND PRESERVE THEM," to be as
follows
1
The Invention has for its object improvements in the treatment of
beer, ale, and other liquids, in order to fine and preserve them, and
relates to the employment of the materials known as the sucrates of lime
or sugar limes instead of the ordinary finings now employed in fining
beer, ale, and other liquids.
The sucrate of lime or sugar lime we prefer to employ is prepared in
the following manner as known to chemists:-Slacked lime or hydrate of
lime is dissolved in a solution or syrup of sugar, and the solution is then
filtered. The proportions of sugar and lime may be varied according to the

page_text: character of sucrate of lime or sugar lime desired to be produced. The
sugar lime or sucrate of lime we mix in various proportions with the
beer, ale, or other liquids either before such liquids are "racked" or in
the cask after "racking," or such materials may be employed in any
other part of the process of brewing as may be found convenient, and in
some cases we find it useful to employ a small quantity of dilute sul-
phuric acid in combination with the sugar lime or sucrate of lime. The
dilute sulphuric acid and the sugar lime or sucrate of lime may be mixed
together before they are put into the liquids to be fined or they may be
separately put into such liquids.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Frerichs at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th May
1870.
I, ALEXANDER FRERICHS, of Hamer Hall, New Mill, near Rochdale,
in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND
DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
In the top spindle rails of spinning and doubling machines I propose
to fasten a collar which projects above the rail, and on the outside of
this collar a tube is fitted loosely so as to revolve round the collar.
This tube is driven by a band from the tin roller; on the top of this loose
tube is fastened a flyer, which has three or more legs with curls on the
ends as usual, which legs project upwards above the tube, and to these
three or more legs is fastened a ring below the curls so that the thread
will pass from the rollers to the guide wire in the usual way, and thence
to the curl on the end of one of the legs of the flyer, when it will be
twisted round the leg and pass under the ring to the bobbin. The bobbin
is held between the legs of the flyer by a spindle, which revolves and is
supported by the collar that is fastened into the top spindle rail and a

page_text: foot step in the bottom rail, this bottom rail moves up and down so as to
wind the yarn on the bobbin. To prevent the spindles and bobbins
revolving too fast I propose to apply behind the spindles a shaft, to which
I attach pegs, which by causing the shaft to perform part of a revolution
will press a piece of tape or other substance against the spindles.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS AND SOLUTION FOR PRE- SERVING MEAT AND OTHER PERISHABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Chubb Sloggett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th January 1870.
I, THOMAS CHUBB SLOĠĠÉTT, of Drake Street, Plymouth, in the
County of Devon, Pharmaceutical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS AND SOLUTION FOR PRE-
SERVING MEAT AND OTHER PERISHABLE SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The chief object of my said Invention is the preservation of meat for
such length of time as will enable the same to be brought to England
from the Australian and other colonies, or from other parts of the
world, in such a condition that it will be saleable without difficulty when
offered in the market as a substitute for fresh meat.
The said Invention consists in the novel application to the meat or
other substances of a solution consisting of isinglass or other gelatinous
substance dissolved in acetic acid. I use isinglass in preference to any
other substance, and I form the solution with such substances in the
proportion of one ounce of isinglass dissolved in about one pint of acetic
acid, adding more or less of the isinglass according to the temperature in

page_text: which the process is carried on. In making the aforesaid solution I heat
the same to about two hundred degrees Fahrenheit by the aid of a hot
water bath, or by other suitable means. The meat is first cut into joints
as usual in preparing the same for the market. I then apply my solution
to the meat either by immersion, by means of à brush, or in any other
convenient manner. The meat should be carefully butchered, especially
in tropical or hot climates, and the blood must be drained therefrom, and
it is desirable that the meat should not be "blown" or inflated with air
according to the ordinary practice among butchers to increase the size
and improve the appearance of the joints. In damp or moist climates
I may apply alcohol by means of a brush or otherwise to some portions
of the meat after the same has been covered with my improved pre-
serving solution to facilitate the drying of the same. Care must be
taken to avoid the insertion of any hooks or skewers of metal or wood,
or of cords or other foreign bodies into the joint. The meat must be
carefully packed for exportation, in such a manner that it shall not be
injured by abrasion or otherwise by moving within the box or case.
To prepare the meat for cooking it should be washed for about ten
minutes in hot water, in which is dissolved a small quantity of common
soda, and then immersed or washed for about ten minutes in a bath of
simple warm water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY CAGES FOR MINES AND SHAFTS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Clarke and John
Hughes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 8th June 1870.
We, EDWARD CLARKE and JOHN HUGHES, both of Ponkey, in the
County of Denbigh, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY CAGES FOR MINES AND SHAFTS," to be as
follows:-
The object of our Invention is to prevent accidents in mines and other
shafts by the breaking of the winding rope or by overwinding, and it
consists in constructing the cage, or parts connected therewith in such
manner that should the winding rope break or be overdrawn the cage
is immediately held to the wire rope guides, such as are now generally
used in mines. We employ for the purpose of our Invention a frame
constructed as follows:-It is composed of horizontal bars, to which the
lower end of the winding rope is connected. These horizontal bars are
attached by shackles or otherwise to horizontal beams at opposite sides
of the cage.
These beams are free to rise and fall within slots formed
in the frame of the cage. About the middle of each beam two links

page_text: are attached, the other ends of these links being respectively connected
to the ends of levers fixed on horizontal shafts extending from side to
side of the frame. There are two of these shafts placed at opposite sides
of the frame at right angles to the beams, and they are free to turn a
certain distance on their axes. Each of these shafts carries near each!
end a grooved jaw or squeezer, and there is a space between the groove
of the jaw and a corresponding groove in the frame to receive the wire
rope guide.
The action is as follows :- When the winding rope is pulled taut, either.
in raising or lowering the cage, the beams are lifted in their slots, and
the connecting links raise the levers, so as to turn the horizontal shafts.
and bring the grooves of the jaws opposite the rope guides, so that the
apertures for the guides are free; but should the winding rope break,
the beams give a little, the effect being that the jaws or squeezers (the.
action being assisted, if necessary, by springs) are moved with the shafts.
50 as to squeeze the rope guides, and the weight of the cage and its.
contents coming simultaneously upon the levers the guides are squeezed
firmly, and the cage is thus securely held.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND METHODS OR MEANS OF WEAVING REPS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
December 1870.
I, WILLIAM WILSON, of Victoria Mills, Low Moor, near Bradford, in
the County of York, Spinner and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND METHODS OR MEANS
OF WEAVING REPS" (to be as follows) :-
This Invention relates to certain textile fabrics technically known as
"reps," and the improvement consists in having the warp threads to
) interlace or to cross each other by causing each thread to change
places with the adjoining thread at each change of shed, or. at each
shoot of the weft, or at other determinate times.
To effect this improvement in such fabrics I employ that kind of
healds known as "dupe healds now employed in the production of a
""

page_text: class of fabrics known as
manner.
86
By this means
lenoes," and which are operated in a similar
much firmer or more adhesive fabrics and
not so liable to fray can be produced than by ordinary means of
weaving.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS BY MEANS OF WHICH SYSTEMS OF CYPHER MAY BE READILY PRODUCED
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Vansittart Neale at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th November 1870.
I, EDWARD VANSITTART NEALE, of 12, Church Row, Hampstead, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS BY MEANS OF WHICH SYSTEMS OF CYPHER MAY BE READILY PRODUCED,"
to be as follows:-
The use of tablets consisting of a moveable part and a fixed part, on
the one of which parts the letters of the alphabet are arranged either in
a continuous series or in groups, while on the other of such parts the
cyphers intended to represent such letters are so arranged that by
moving the one part the cyphers representing the said letters may be
changed at pleasure.
-
Example. Let all the letters of the alphabet excepting one, suppose j,
be engraved in order at equal distances outside a circle engraved
on a tablet, and upon a circular tablet rotating within this circle on
the same centre let all the letters of the alphabet except one, suppose a,
be engraved at points corresponding to those at which the letters are

page_text: placed externally, the letters placed in the inner circle will form a set of
cyphers representing those placed in the outer circle against which they
happen at any time to be opposite, and this set may be varied at pleasure
by turning round the inner circle so as to produce in each apparatus
twenty-five different, systems of cypher, while these may be made to
vary in a different apparatus by placing the inner row of letters in a
different order.