Improvements in or connected with "Non-conducting" Coverings for Pipes, Conduits, and Vessels.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Dec., 1893-Accepted, 27th Jan., 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with "Non-conducting" Coverings
for Pipes, Conduits, and Vessels.
We, JOHN CARRINGTON SELLARS, of 68, Bridge Street, Birkenhead, in the
County of Chester, Manufacturing Chemist, and CHARLES AUGUSTUS ROPES,
of 9, Princes Avenue, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Merchant, do
bereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention has reference to manufacture or production of "non-conducting'
material, that is to say, to coverings for pipes, conduits, or vessels, containing or
having within them heated fluids, or subjected to heat on the side of the metal or
material of which they are composed, opposite to that on which the covering is
applied, and from which the escape of heat is prevented. For instance it has
reference to coverings of pipes for conveying steam, hot water pipes, cylinders,
parts of machinery within which steam or other hot fluids or gases exist, boilers,
and so forth.
A covering according to this invention consists of or comprises fire cement or
cement materials such as those employed in that known as "Sellars'" cement and
other analogous cements-say containing baryta and silicate of soda or the like-
and Portland cement; or it consists of or comprises silicate of soda and Portland
cement alone, without baryta or other substances.
It is found that Portland cement of itself is not suitable for covering hot surfaces,
whilst fire cement, such as specified, although capable of resisting great heats
without destruction, is not suitable for resisting "wet." But by combining these.
materials, "fire-cement" and Portland cement, or silicate of soda and Portland
cement, that is, by mixing them together, forming a compost, a compound material
is provided, which will resist, and is suitable for withstanding both heat
and wet.
As to the relative proportions in which the material comprised in a composition
under this invention may be used, we give by way of example two cases, from
which good results may be obtained, one being the case wherein the fire resisting
property of the composition is provided by using silicate of soda and baryta, and
the other, a case wherein silicate of soda only is employed to produce in the
composition this property. In the first example the relative proportions-by
weicht
Silicate of soda
Portland cement
1.5
4
The Portland cement must be mixed with the other materials or material shortly
before application, i.e., within such a time previous to its application, that it will
not have become " set or be "worked" with difficulty.
"
The silicate of soda and baryta given in one of the above examples, constitute
a "fire-cement," and may be sold or supplied already mixed as a compound, as it
remains plastic for a long time.
It will of course be understood that the above examples are only given by way

page_text: of showing useful forms in which the composition under this invention may be
compounded or made; and that it-the invention-is not strictly confined to these
examples exactly as specified.
In some cases we may combine with the above composition, other suitable
"non-conducting" substances. In one modification we combine with the com-
position wood lags; in which case, by preference, a layer of the composition would
be placed on the pipes or vessel, then the wood lags on said layer of composition,
and then more composition outside said lags. By so arranging the wood lags in
the composition, in combination, they are prevented from becoming consumed; but
in case they become carbonized by the heat transmitted to them from the fluid
within the pipes or vessel, they are still enclosed in cement or composition and
remain equally useful for the purpose they are intended.
In some cases the pipes may be surrounded with wire meshwork, on which the
composition is placed or plastered, and an air space may be provided between the
surface of the pipes or vessel and the inner surface of the composition; and again
the material may be covered or wrapped with buckram, paper, or other suitable
pliable material. Or in some cases paper may be provided in an inner layer in the
composition, and afterwards carbonised or not.
The drawings hereto annexed illustrate the application of the invention in the
case where there is combined with the composition, wood lags, and the metallic
mesh work, respectively; Figure 1 being a cross section of a pipe, conduit, or
cylinder according to the former combination, and Figure 2 a cross section of a pipe
according to the latter combination.
In Figure 1 a represents the pipe or cylinder; b is the composition consisting of
or separated into two annular casings or coverings, while the wood lags, which are
designated c lie between them.
In Figure 2, the covering of the pipe a consists of a layer of wire metal or
meshwork d with an air space, e, between it and the pipe or cylinder, and the outer
layer of composition 6 or the meshwork d. The composition in this latter case, in
applying it to the meshwork d, squeezes into the spaces of the meshwork and
becomes keyed therewith.
As regards the two forms of covering illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, either of
these may be employed with advantage in connection with heat resisting adhesive
or cementitious non-conducting coverings for pipes and the like, other than the
composition above specified, the outer surface being protected from the wet or
weather, or capable of resisting same.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
:-
:
1. The new or improved covering for conduits, pipes or vessels. containing hot
fluids or heated as specified, for retaining the heat within them or thereof, consisting
of or comprising the ingredients or compounds herein specified.
2. A covering for pipes or vessels for retaining the heat within same, or thereof,
comprising "non-conducting" adhesive or cementitious covering or material, in
which is enclosed wood lags; substantially as set forth with reference to Figure 1
of the drawings.
3. A covering for pipes or vessels, for retaining the heat within same, or thereof,
comprising a metallic meshwork material, such as d; an air space, e, between
said meshwork and the pipe or vessel; and an outer adhesive or cementitious
"non-conducting" material, b, thereon; substantially as set forth with reference
to Figure 2 of the drawing.
Sated this 12th day of December 1893.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON, Fels. Chart. Inst. P.A.,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicants' Patent Agents.