IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES,
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Americus Fanshawe, of Tottenham; in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, and James Archibald Jaques, of; the
same Place; Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Americus Fanshawe
and James Archibald Jaques at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 29th November 1860.
We, JOHN AMERICUS FANSHAWE, of Tottenham, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, and JAMES ARCHIBALD JAQUES, of the same Place, Chemist, do
.hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, for." IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES,
AND OTHER SCRUBBING AND RUBBING SURFACES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention of improvements in brushes and other scrubbing and rubbing
surfaces, relates to a novel mode of forming these articles, and consists in
making them of vulcanized india-rubber, or other suitable compound, which is
.converted by pressure into the required.shape, the rubbing surface of which i
.made by preference in the form of concentric rings with projecting edges
brought to a sharp edge or angle. For some kinds of brushes or rubbing
surfaces it will be found convenient to arrange the projecting edges, in a
5 different manner. The particular arrangement of these, projecting rubbing.

page_text: edges must, of course, in a great measure depend upon the form of the article
to be produced, we do not therefore intend to limit ourselves to any particular
form.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Americus Fanshawe and James Archibald Jaques in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 28th May 1861.
.. 2
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
AMERICUS FANSHAWE, of Tottenham, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
and JAMES ARCHIBALD JAQUES, of the same Place, Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
'reign, did; for Herself, Her heirs and successors; give and grant unto us, the
'said John Americus Fanshawe and James Archibald Jaques, Her special
license that we, the said John Americus Fanshawe and James Archibald
Jaques, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the
said John Americus Fanshawe and James Archibald Jaques, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES, AND OTHER SCRUBBING
AND RUBBING SURFACES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
John Americus Fanshawe and James Archibald Jaques, by an instrument in
writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us,
'should particularly describe and' ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
'and in what manner the same was to be performed; and cause the same-to
be filed in the 'Great Seal Patent Office within six calender months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent:
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Americus Fanshawe and James
Archibald Jaques, do hereby declare the nature of our said 'Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be-performed, t
1, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the
Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon
(that is to say):-
Our Invention of "Improvements in Brushes and other Scrubbing and

page_text: Rubbing Surfaces relates to a novel mode: of forming these articles,; and
consists in making them of vulcanized india-rubber, or other suitable com
pound, which is converted. by: pressure into the required shape, the rubbing
surface of which is made by preference. in the form of concentric rings, with
projecting edges brought to a sharp edge or angle. For some kinds of brushes
or rubbing surfaces it will be found convenient to arrange the projecting edges
in a différent manner. The particular arrangement of these projecting, rubbing
edges must, of course, in a great measure depend upon the form of the article
intended to be produced, and the purpose..for which it is required;; we do not;
therefore, intend to limit ourselves to any particular form.
"
In the accompanying Drawing we.have. shewn views. of different forms of
rubbing surfaces. Fig. 1 représents the projecting 'rubbing edges, arranged
in the form of concentric circles.; Fig. 2. is a sectional view of a circular brush
provided with concentric projecting rubbing edges on both sides of the article,
which is intended to be used with soap instead of flannel fór washing, the
hands, or for other lavatory purposes; Fig. 3 represents the 'rubbing surfaces
arranged in the form of a diamond or lozenge. In Fig.14 the article is made
of an oblong rectangular shape; and Fig. 5 represents on oval brush; Fig. 6
represents an oblong brush, in which the projecting rubbing edges are arranged
in straight parallel lines across the brush; Fig. 6* is an edge view.of.the
same; Fig. 7 is a modification in which the projecting rubbing edges are
broken up into zig-zags; and Fig. 7 is an edge view thereof: The projecting
rubbing surfaces, in all these forms of brush may be produced by pressing the
soft rubber into moulds of suitable form; and for some purposes it will be
found desirable to provide the brush with a rigid back, which may be made of
hard rubber compound or other suitable material. The parts composed of the
hard and soft compound having been secured together, the article, may be
submitted to the vulcanizing process. The projecting edges, of...the rubbing
surface may also be cut out of the solid rubber, but the moulding process will
be found the most convenient and easy to manage in practice. Upon referring
'to the sectional view, Fig. 2, it will be seen that the projecting edges are under-
cut, and are placed at an angle to the axis of the brush. This mode of forming
the edges will be found preferable for many purposes to making them vertical.
Fig. 8 is an edge view of a flesh brush constructed according to our Invention,
with concentric rings of projecting rubbing edges, as represented in Fig. 1.
It is provided on one side only with rubbing edges, and at the back there is an
elastic strap under which the hand is passed for the convenience of holding the
brush when in use. It will be obvious that a flesh brush of this kind may be
constructed with rubbing surfaces on both sides, and with a handle arranged

page_text: to be easily detached, or made so that it may be turned over on either side as
may be required. It will also be obvious that the rubbing surfaces may be
arranged according to the plans shewn in the other Figures; or instead of
making the rubbing surfaces of concentric rings or parallel lines as shewn in
the Drawing, they may be made in the form of a convolute commencing from
the centre of the brush. The rubbing surfaces may also be made harder or
softer as may be desired by altering or modifying the proportions of the ingre-
dients of the india-rubber compound of which the brush is composed, or by the
introduction of a greater or. smaller proportion of gutta percha or other
ingredient.
Having now described our Invention of "Improvements in Brushes, and
other Scrubbing and Rubbing Surfaces," and having explained the manner of
carrying the same into effect, we would.observe that we have mentioned lava-
tory and cleaning purposes applied to the human body, as some only of the
purposes to which the .Invention is to be applied, the rubbing or scrubbing
surfaces made in the manner above set forth may, however, be applied to
other purposes for which brushes or scrubbing surfaces are usually employed,
we therefore claim as our Invention the mode herein, set forth of constructing
the rubbing:surfaces of brushes or other analogous articles made from india
rubber compounds.: .
In witness whereof, we, the said John Americus Fanshawè, and James
Archibald Jaques, have hereunto set our hands and seals,, the
Twenty-second day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-one.
"Witness,
FRED. WALKDEN,
66, Chancery Lane.
JOHN A. FANSHAWE. (L.S.)
JAS. A. JAQUES.
(L.S.)