IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR MAKING HORSE NAILS
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edwin Ambrose Brydges of the firm of Brydges & Co
Engineers & Patent Solicitors of 107 Königgrätzer Str in the City of Berlin
and German Empire for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR
MAKING HORSE NAILS communicated to him by August Gross of the City of
Berlin and German Empire aforesaid
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edwin Ambrose Brydges
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th May 1883.
EDWIN AMBROSE BRYDGES of the firm of Brydges & C° Engineers & Patent
Solicitors of 107 Koeniggraetzer Str in the City of Berlin and German Empire.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR MAKING HORSE NAILS.-a communication to me
by August Gross of the City of Berlin and German Empire aforesaid
This invention relates to improvements in machines for making horse nails the
object of which said invention is to render the manufacture of horse and other
nails perfectly automatic and continuous in place of the intermittant methods now
in use.
The principal features of this said invention consist of the special arrangement
of the hammer drum, the cut off mechanism, the elliptical cam, the slides and
hammer slides, the feed mechanism and the construction and arrangement of the
continuous retort.
Through the rotation of an elliptical disc the rollers are moved to and fro, also
the connections with the connecting bolt and the slide with the hammer resting
upon the same, the movement being towards the die.
Through the action of the forging roller disc which is divided off into eight
parts id est, seven forging rollers and the brush for removing the complete nails
which pass over the anvil at each revolution. The iron operated upon is stretched
out to the thickness of the required nails and removed as mentioned after the eigth
stroke by the brush.
As the finished nail is still attached to the iron rod which is yet to be used, a

page_text: suitably grooved cam wheel is fixed upon the main shaft, the curve of which is so
arranged that exactly between the last roller and the brush, during which time
the hammer presses the finished nail against the stamp, the roller with its slide in
the bearings and the connecting bolt is pushed towards the die.
The slide has on its fore end two clamps for the reception of the knives.
Through the movement of the slide the knives are pushed forward on the
hammer up
to the die whereby the finished nail is cut off.
The knives and the hammer in its slide move back and the brush sweeps the
finished nail from the anvil. Here it must be observed that the hammer strikes or
operates in the intermediate space of the roller and the brush making one stroke
each time consequently eight strokes, whereas the forging rollers forge 7 times,
the 8th operation being the brushing away of the nail by means of the brush.
The slide with its knives makes a short forward inovement at the 8th stroke
only and remains inactive in the rear during the rest of the time.
The anvil can be adjusted vertically by means of suitable screws so that the
same lays snugly against. the die and the hammer. The adjustable screws serve
to adjust the die and the hammer. The receivers serve to hold the hammer and
the die by means of suitable screws, and also for cooling the same.
The supports which carry the main shaft are attached to the working surfaces
on the bed plate. The transporting rail with its tension spring and the stop with
the angle on the slide serve to effect the side movement of the iron rod under
operation, in order to push the latter on the stroke of the hammer against the die
by means of the angle which is attached to the hammer slide.
On the return of the slide the angle moves away from its stop and the tension
spring draws the rail with the iron rod under the centre of the forging rollers as
the tension spring is suitably fastened.
The bearing of the links or connecting pieces are in each case alike. The angle
lever of the transporting rod is attached to the right of the support.
To the one end of this lever, a roller is adjusted which bears against the cam,
which said cam is fastened to the forging roller disc and is moved upwards and
downwards at the rotation of the cam.
The other end of the angle lever is in connection with the connecting rod
which catches into a cam shaft the cams of which catch the sliding plate and
by means of the movement of the driving rod the slide slides forwards and
backwards.
The 4 rollers upon the slide guide the iron rod and the two clutches which are
pressed together by means of springs, take hold of the iron rod in its forward
movement and carry the same along with them.
Owing to their inclined position the clutches release their hold on the return of
the slide, the rod stops and is only pushed forward again on the advance of the
slide the length of the advance is regulated by the position of the lever slot; the
advance takes place while the finished nail is swept away by the brush.
The continuous acting retort consists of suitable inner retorts of fireproof clay or
other suitable refractory material provided with appropriate ribs and of an outer
mantle of cast iron or other suitable material with inlet of appropriate size and a
nozzle of suitable size.
The spaces between the walls of the retorts and the mantle are filled out with
asbestos slag wool or other nonconducting material.
The retorts are heated by means of a suitable furnace and the heat rendered more
intense by means of a blowing apparatus.
The gases of combustion are led through suitable burners into the retorts so that
the flames play entirely around the same.
Owing to the flames sweeping around the inner retort the latter grows red hot
and consequently also the iron which is continually passing through the same. The
iron is wound up on a large drum behind the transporting rail or the various rods
are guided in in correct manner.
1

page_text: Through the gradual advance of the transporting rail, the iron rod is uncoiled
from the drum and pushed through the furnace, in order to supply the anvil with
new iron each time after a finished nail has been cut off.
It is evident that the form of the retorts can be varied without in any way
departing from the tenor of this said invention.
These said retorts can also be employed to great advantage in making all other
kinds of nails and other small forged articles which are made in large quantities.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Edwin Ambrose Brydges in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
30th November 1883.
EDWIN AMBROSE BRYDGES of the firm of Brydges & C° Engineers & Patent
Solicitors of 107 Königgrätzer Str: in the City of Berlin and German Empire
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR MAKING HORSE NAILS a communication to me
by August Gross of the City of Berlin and German Empire aforesaid.
This Invention relates to improvements in machines for making horse nails the
object of which said invention is to render the manufacture of horse and other
nails perfectly automatic and continuous in place of the intermittant methods now
in use.
The principal features of this said invention consist of the special arrangement
of the hammer drum, the cut off mechanism, the elliptical cam, the slides and
hammer slides the feed mechanism and the construction and arrangement of the
continuous retort.
In the accompanying drawings:-Fig: 1 is a longitudinal section of my said
machine.
Figure 2 is the front view of the bevel wheels with upright spindle and the
elliptical disc 6.
Figure 3 is the front view of the forging roller disc consisting of eight parts,
that is, 7 rollers 15 and the brush 16.
Figure 4 is the bed plate 31, the hammer and cut off mechanism with anvil and
stamping rod with die.
Figure 5 is the cradle of the hammer and also of the cutters, but which for
clearness sake are not shown here.
Figure 6 is the continuous acting retort which is attached to the bed in front of
the forging roller disc 14.
1, Figure 1, is the main shaft which is driven by means of the strap, drum 2
which said motion is transmitted to the vertical shaft 5 and the elliptical disc on
the same, by means of the bevelled wheels 3, and 4.
Through the rotation of an elliptical disc 6, Figure 11, the rollers 7 and 8 are
moved to and fro, also the connections 9 and 10 with the connecting bolt 11 and
the slide 12 and the hammer 23 resting upon the same, the movement being
towards the die 13.
Through the action of the forging roller disc 14 which is divided off into eight

page_text: is
parts id est seven forging rollers 15 and the brush 16 for removing the complete
nails which pass over the anvil 24 at each revolution-The iron operated upon
stretched out to the thickness of the required nails and removed as mentioned after
the eighth stroke by the brush 16.
As the finished nail is still attached to the iron rod 25, Figure 6, which is yet
to be used, a suitably grooved cam wheel 17 is fixed upon the main shaft 1 the
curve of which is so arranged that exactly between the last roller 15 and the
brush 16, during which time the hammer 23 presses the finished nail against the
die 13. the roller 18 with its slide 19 in the bearings 20 and the connecting
bolt 11 is pushed towards the die 13. The slide 19, Figure 12, has on its fore end
two clamps 21 and 21° for the reception of the knives 22 as shown in Figure 4.-
Through the movement of the slide 19 the knives 22 are pushed forward on the
hammer 23 up to the die 13, whereby the finished nail is cut off. The knives 22
and the hammer in its slide 12 move back and the brush 16 sweeps the finished
nail from the anvil 24.-Here it must be observed, that the haminer 23 strikes or
operates in the intermediate space of the roller 15 and the brush 16 making one
stroke each time, consequently eight strokes, whereas the forging rollers forge
7 times, the 8th operation being the brushing away of the nail by means of the
brush 16.
The slide 19 with its knives 22 makes a short forward movement at the
8th stroke only and remains inactive in the rear during the rest of the time, is
illustrated by the grooved cam wheel 17, Fig: 1.
The
The anvil 24, Fig: 4, can be adjusted vertically by means of suitable screws 26
and 27 so that the same lays snugly against the die 13 and the hammer 23. The
adjustable screws 32 and 33 serve to adjust the die 13 and the hammer 23.
receivers 28 and 28° serve to hold the hammer 23 and the die 13 by means of
suitable screws and also for cooling the same.
The supports 30 Fig: 1 which carry the main shaft 1 are attached to the
working surfaces 29 29ª on the bed plate 31. The transporting rail 34 with its
tension spring 35 and the stop 36 with the angle 37 on the slide 12 serve to effect
the side movement of the iron rod under operation in order to effect the side
movement of the iron rod under operation in order to push the latter, on the
stroke of the hammer 23 against the die 13 by means of the angle 37 which is
attached to the hammer slide 12. On the return of the slide 12 the angle 37
moves away from its stop 36 and the tension spring draws the rail 34 with the
iron rod 25 under the centre of the forging rollers 15 as the tension spring is
suitably fastened at 38.-39 as shown in Figure 1 is the bearing of the link or
connecting piece, which for clearness sake is not shown in Fig: 4, and corresponds
with the bed guide 40 and the connecting piece 10, Fig: 4 and 10-Figure 6
shows the angle lever of the transporting rod and is attached to the right of the
support 30, Fig: 1-To the one end of this angle lever a roller 42 is adjusted,
which bears against the cam 43 Fig: 1 and 6, which said cam is fastened to the
forging roller disc 14 and is moved upwards and downwards at the rotation of the
cam 43. The other end of the angle lever is in connection with the connecting
rod 44 which catches at 45 into a cam shaft, Figure 7, the cams of which 45°
catches the sliding plate 46 and by means of the movement of the driving rod 44
the slide 46 slides forwards and backwards.
The 4 rollers 47 upon the slide 46 guide the iron rod and the two clutches 48
which are pressed together by means of springs take hold of the iron rod in its
forward movement and carry the same along with them. Owing to their inclined
position the clutches release their hold on the return of the slide, the rod 25 stops
and is only pushed forward again on the advance of the slide 46, the length of the
advance is regulated by the position of the lever slot; this operation takes place
while the finished nail is swept away by the brush 16.
Figure 7 is an enlarged view of the cam shaft.
Figure 8 is the front view of the hammer slide 12,
Figura 9 is a creation of the hammer alide

page_text: Figure 10 is the rear view of the link or connecting piece 10 with its slide
bearings 40.
Figure 11 are the enlarged views of the elliptical disc 6.
Figure 12 is the enlarged front view of the knife slide 19 with its slide
bearings 20.
Figure 13 is the longitudinal section of the hammer slide 12 with its connecting
bolt 11 and links or connecting pieces 9 and 10.
Figure 14 are the top and side views of the transporting mechanism.
Figure 15 is the top view of the transporting rail 34 with the driving rod 44 of
the transporting rail laying over it.
Figure 16 is a horizontal longitudinal section of the continuously acting
retort.
Figure 17 is a vertical longitudinal section of the same showing the inlet ports
rrrr for the air from the blower.
The said continuous acting retort consists of suitable inner retorts of fireproof
clay or other suitable refractory material provided with appropriate ribs and of an
outer mantle 49 of cast iron or other suitable material with inlet 35 of appropriate
size and a nozzle of suitable size.-The spaces between the walls of the retorts and
the mantle 49 are filled out with asbestos slag wool or other nonconducting
material The retorts 52 are heated by means of a suitable furnace and the heat
rendered more intense by means of a blowing apparatus. The gases of combustion
are led through suitable burners into the retorts 52 so that the flames play entirely
around the same and are led to the front when the products of consumption are
eventually led off through the exhaust pipe 54.
Owing to the flames sweeping around the inner retort 52, the latter grows red
hot and consequently also the iron which is continuously passing through the same.
The iron is wound up on a large drum behind the transporting rail Figure 14 or
the various rods are guided in correct manner through the gradual advance of the
transporting rail, the iron rod is uncoiled from the drum and pushed through the
furnace, in order to supply the anvil 24, Figure 1 and 6 with new iron each time
after a finished nail has been cut off.
The mouth piece 55 is screwed on to the angle 56 of the transporting rail 34,
Figure 15, to effect the side movement against the die 13 and to bring the iron in
turns under the forging rollers 15.
Figure 18 shows the door of the furnace with its square hole for the iron passing
through it.
Figure 19 is a cross section of the furnace with its retorts inserted in the cast
mould, also the slit r for the admittance of the flames of the combined gas blowing
apparatus the direction of which is indicated by the arrow. 57 represents the
inner retort without ribs to enable the flames to pass out in front.
It is evident that the form of the retort can be varied without in any way
departing from the tenor of my said invention.
These said retorts can also be employed to great advantage in making all other
small forged articles which are made in large quantities.
Having now described my said invention, what I claim and desire to secure by
Letters Patent is :-
1. The construction arrangement and employment of the disc 14 with the
forging rollers so distributed over the periphery of the said disc that 7 forging
rollers and 1 brush are arranged equidistant from each other on or in the said
periphery substantially as described and shown in the accompanying drawings.
2. The construction arrangement and employment of the disc with its cam or
excenter groove 17, the knife slide 19 and severing knives 22 Fig: 1-4-12
substantially as described and shown in the accompanying drawings.
3. The construction arrangement and employment of the elliptical disc 6, its
rollers 7 and 8 the slides or carriages 9 and 10 and the hammer slide or
carriage 12, Fig 2 and 11 substantially as described and shown in the accom-
panying drawings.

page_text: 4. The construction arrangement and employment of the transporting rail 34
substantially as described and shown in Fig: 4 and 15 of the accompanying
drawings.
5. The construction arrangement and employment of the transporting
mechanism Fig: 14, the cam shaft Fig: 7, guide rollers 47 the cam 43, Fig 6, and
the angle or bell- crank lever 41 substantially as described and shown in the
accompanying drawings.
6. The arrangement construction and employment of a continuously acting
retort which permits iron or other metal to be continuously operated on in a
heated state substantially as described and shown in the accompanying drawings.
7 The general construction arrangement and combination of the parts in my
said nail forging machine substantially as described and shown in the accom-
panying drawings.
In witness whereof I the said Edwin Ambrose Brydges have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Twenty sixth day of November in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
Witnesses:
ARTHUR BAERMANN
ANTHONY STEFFEN
EDWIN A BRYDGES
(L.S.)