IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TEA KETTLES AND OTHER ARTICLES THEN USUALLY MADE OF COPPER, COPPER TINNED OR PLATED, IRON TINNED, OR ANY OTHER METAL OR METALS
Year: 1834

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, TноMAS
GRIFFITHS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Tin Plate Worker,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Fifteenth day of February, in the fourth year of His
reign, did, for Himself, His heirs, and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Thomas Griffiths, His especial licence that I, the said Thomas Griffiths,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas
Griffiths, my executors, administrators or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Inven-.
tion of an "IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TEA KETTLES AND OTHER
ARTICLES THEN USUALLY MADE OF COPPER, COPPER TINNED OR PLATED, IRON TINNED,
OR ANY OTHER METAL OR METALS;" in which said Letters Patent there is con-
tained a proviso obliging me, the said Thomas Griffiths, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the

page_text: nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court
of Chancery within two calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Thomas Griffiths, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is described and
ascertained as follows, that is to say :-
My improvement in tea kettles, and other articles herein-after mentioned,
consists in making or forming the body of the kettle or article out of one
piece of laminated or rolled copper, which is raised from a flat round plate by
a succession of operations of repeatedly stamping in dies, and annealing ns
often as is requisite between the repetitions of stamping and of hammering, for
gathering in the top if necessary, and of burnishing into a finished form in a
turning lathe, in the manner herein-after fully described, so as to produce the
required bellied form for the said body out of one piece of copper, with a
suitable narrowness of mouth or entrance thereto, ready for aflixing the ring
round the mouth, and the spout, and the handle; or otherwise making or
forming the said body out of two round pieces of rolled copper plate, copper
tinned or plated, or iron plate, one piece being for an upper half, and the other
for a lower half of the said body, cach piece being raised by a succession of
operations of repeatedly stamping in dies, and annealing as often as is requisite
between the repetitions of stamping, so as to produce a suitable shape for
composing the required bellied form for the said body by fitting the raised
border or edge of one of the said pieces upon the raised border or edge of the
other piece, by burnishing in a turning lathe, and then uniting the two borders
together by a brazed solder joint extending horizontally all round the circum-
ference of the body, at about half way up its depth from the bottom. A
rim may be formed during the said stamping and burnishing around the
mouth or entrance which is cut through the centre of that raised piece which
is to form the upper half, without applying a separate ring to the mouth, as is
usually donc in making tea kettles, and as above mentioned, tho said
brazed joint being hammered close; the body is then finished by burnishing in
a lathe ready for affixing the spout and handles. The lids of tea kettles are
other articles which are to be formed. according to my improvement, by like
operations of stamping and burnishing in a turning lathe, so as to raise the
rim and the top of the lid out of the same piece, ready for aflixing the knob or
handle thereto. Also saucepans with lids are to be manufactured in manner

page_text: aforesaid, according to my improvement, and open stewpans, likewise the
bodies of coffee filters, all which articles have been hitherto usually made
out of a greater number of pieces, and with a greater number and extent of
brazed joints than are required according to my said improvement.
And also
the required forms for all such articles have been hitherto attained by a tedious
process of hammering the metal plate whereof they are formed, with little or
no assistance from the more expeditious and accurate process of stamping in
dies, or forming by burnishing in a turning lathe. And for the full explana-
tion of my said Invention I have hereunto annexed two Sheets of Drawings
representing the several articles herein-before mentioned in several progressive
stages of their formation by my improvement.
First, respecting the formation of the bodies of. tea kettles or saucepans
out of one piece of rolled copper plate.-A circular disk of a suitable size is to
be cut out in such plate of suitable thickness, so as to contain sufficient
material to form the intended body, which cutting out may be either done by
tracing a circle on the copper, and cutting it out with shears, or by cutting
out the circle at once by what are called top and bottom tools in a suitable
screw fly press. The said circular disk is then stamped into a dic, which is
hollowed out with a suitable concavity for raising the copper into the form of
a conical pot, A, Sheet 1. The stamping is performed in the mode commonly
practised in Birmingham for stamping the heads of curtain pins and other like
articles with a machine called a kick stamp, the ram or hammer of the stamp
being guided between upright guide bars, so as to rise and fall vertically over
the die when it is lifted by the workman with a rope by which the hammer is
suspended, and which passes over a pulley and has a stirrup at the lower end
for the workman to tread down by his foot in aid of pulling with his hand, in
order to raise the hammer with a toss-up motion, and then to let it fall freely
to stamp the metal plate down into the die, for which purpose the under part
of the hammer is provided with a metal forcer made by casting a mixture
of half lead and half tin into the hollow of the die, so as to be exactly of
correspondent form therewith; and the said forcer being properly aflixed to the
under side of the hammer, will (when the same is let fall) stamp down the metal
plate, which is laid over the hollow of the die into that hollow; so as to depress
the plate with the form of the hollow and in order that the plate may be enabled
to bear the stamping without breaking or tearing, the forcer which is used at first
must be formed so as to stamp it down only a little way into the hollow of the
die, and the metal plate having assumed the form of that forcer, and of the
upper part of the die by the stamping action of two, three, or more blows of
the hammer, according as may be necessary, it is afterwards stamped again

page_text: with another forcer, which descends a little deeper into the hollow of the die,
and consequently depresses or stamps the plate down into a deeper concavity;
and whenever by such stamping the plate has become hardened, and incapable
of farther yielding, except with risk of cracking or breaking, it must be annealed
by heat in a suitable stove, after which the stamping may be repeated with a
deeper forcer, and then again with a deeper still, until at last, by the aforesaid
process of repented stampings, with a gradual succession of deeper and deeper
forcers, and occasional annealings when requisite, the copper plate is
stamped quite down to be bottom of the hollow of the die, and will acquire
the exact form thereof, as is delineated at A, Sheet 1. And note, the die
in which the said stamping is performed must be what is called a leading
die, that is, the upper edge or margin of the hollow being suitably rounded so
as to avoid cutting or breaking the margin of the plate when it is depressed
or stamped down into the hollow. The process of stamping, being the same as
is commonly practised, needs no farther explanation; but it may be well to
remark, that I have commonly used ten forcers of different increasing depths
for stamping the form A by gradations in a leading dye of cast iron,
stamping about two blows by each forcer, with a hammer of one and a half
hundredweight, and annealing the copper four or five times during the whole.
stainping with the said ten forcers. When a great number of kettles of the
same size are in progress of manufacture together, the stamping of the whole
number with the first forcer is gone through before that forcer is changed for
a deeper, and then the whole lot is stamped again with the deeper forcer before
that forcer is changed for a third, and so on, and likewise the annealing of the
whole lot is performed at one operation. After the form A is thus attained by
stamping in the leading die, the same is subjected to a second series of
stamping operations in another die, which draws in the sides as nearly upright
as they admit of, being made by stamping, so as to quit the die. See B, Sheet. I.
I have commonly used two forcers for stamping in the second die with upright
sides, in order to attain the form B, and once annealing during that stamping;
but the number of forcers to be used for successive stamping in either die, and
of annealings, must depend upon the ductility and nature of the metal, and its
thickness and size; and the workman who performs the stamping must use his
discretion as to the rapidity wherewith he may change the form of the metal
at the successive stampings with different forcers, so as to attain the required
forms by the fewest repetitions of stamping, but without cracking or injuring
the metal. The stamping of the copper being finished, and the form B being
produced, it is well annealed, and thien mounted upon a chuck D in a turning
Lathe, which revolves rapidly, as if for wood turning, the copper being held

page_text: firmly upon the said chuck by a piece a, which is applied to the flat bottom of
the copper, and borne up thereto by the back centre screw 6 of the lathe
puppet, so as to jamb the inside of the copper uppon the outside of the chuck,
and the flat bottom of the copper against the flat end of the chuck with
as much force as will cause it to turn round with the revolving chuck, in order
that by the application of a smooth steel burnisher to the outside of the
revolving copper it may be rubbed down or gathered in upon the chuck so
as to take the exact form thereof, with the sides quite upright or parallel, and
of a cylindrical form. The burnisher is for this purpose held firmly upon the
rest of the lathe, and pressed against the revolving copper, so as to rub the
same rapidly, being well supplied with oil to diminish the friction, and by that
means the copper is easily rubbed or burnished down to fit the chuck. The.
chuck is made of wood screwed upon the end of the mandrill or spindle of the
lathe, and is covered with one of the copper forms D, rubbed and burnished
very closely down upon the wood to give a hard and smooth surface to the
chuck. When the aforesaid burnishing of the copper is finished the upper
edge or margin is cut smooth round with a suitable tool applied to it as it
revolves in the lathe, and then the copper is removed from the chuck, and
after being properly annealed is applied upon another chuck E, which is com-
posed of pieces put together in a similar manner to a hat block, the exterior
of the chuck being exactly the form and shape to which the inside of the
intended body is required to be finished. The copper is retained upon that
chuck by a picce f, which is applied against the flat bottom, and borne towards
the same by the back centre screw of the lathe, so as to jamb the copper upon
the outside and against the flat end of the chuck with a suflicient force to cause
it to turn round with the chuck, as before mentioned respecting the chuck D,
whilst the burnisher is applied over the rest of the lathe to rub and burnish
down the copper upon and around the chuck, according to the form and sizo
thereof, so as gather and contract the entrance or mouth of the copper to its in-
tended narrowness of opening, as is shewn by F in the section, which gathering-
in must be attained by repeated operations of such burnishings with as many
intermediate annealings as may be requisite; and finally, the whole of the out-
side of the body being cleaned and polished up with the burnisher, the intended
body is finished. The copper requires to be removed from the chuck E during
the progress of the narrowing by the burnisher, in order to anneal the
and also after the narrowing is compleated, for which purpose the said chuck
E is composed of six filling-up segments g, h, i, k, and l, m, disposed around a
central core n, which is the solid part of the chuck E, and which distends the
said six filling pieces to their proper intended dimensions for holding the copper
copper,

page_text: during the burnishing; but when the copper is removed, the six filling pieces
withdraw with the copper from off their central core n, and then (having
nothing to distend them) they become loose within the copper, and can be
taken out one by one from the interior of the copper through the narrow
imouth or entrance thereof. And to enable this to be done, two of the six filling
pieces, marked i, k, are made of parallel thickness, in order that those two
may be removed from their proper places, as part of the circumference into
the central opening, which is left vacant by the withdrawing of the central
core n; and after the said two parallel pieces i, k, are removed, the other four fall
quite loose, and can be taken out one by one. And note, in order to retain the
six filling pieces firmly in their places when they are put together around
their central core n, they are firmned with a thin circular rim w, w, to
enter and fit into a corresponding circular groove around the root of the
central core n, which, together with the copper, when it is applied upon
the filling pieces, clasps them together round the central core n, and renders
the whole firm, like a solid block chuck. The filling pieces may be made
of metal or of hard wood, or such wooden filling pieces may be covered with
copper applied upon them and closely burnished down thereon, and then
fastened to the wood with small countersunk screws, and afterwards cut with
a saw so as to divide the copper correspondingly with the six segments, to
which it forms a superficial covering, in order to give them a smooth and hard
surface. And note, if the copper is not of very ductile quality, it will not
bear closing around the narrow entrance by the action of the burnisher alone,
as aforesaid, without liability to crack, in which case the copper, after having
been burnished on the chuck D, as before described, and annealed, may be
gathered or narrowed in around the mouth by hammering on a stake in the
manner usually practised by coppersmiths and braziers; or the top may be
partially narrowed in by that means, and then annealed and finished, narrowing
by the burnisher in the lathe, as before described. The body being com-
pletely formed by the means above described, is ready to receive the coppering
W around the mouth, and also the handle and the spout, and to be tinued in
the usual manner of manufacturing ordinary tea kettles. Instead of using
a common burnishing tool in the operation herein-before described, I some-
times use a tool shewn in Figure A, videlicet, a burnishing roller 10 mounted
in a forked handle 11, to which a stem 12 is jointed to set it in the vertical
socket for the rest of the lathe. The stem 12 serves as a rest for the handle
10, and will be raised or lowered in the rest of the lathe and fixed therein by
the tightening screw and the tool, set in a direction and at a height suitable to
the work; and the burnishing roller can be guided by the workman to press

page_text: with more or less friction against the metal, by his pressing more or less on
the bandle and moving the tool about its centre of motion 9; the roller is
rounded, and it is made to run freely on its pivot. In burnishing with this
tool the roller will turn round and relieve the metal of part of the friction. It
will therefore be well to ***
for gathering in or narrowing the mouth
of the copper in forming a tea kettle (as herein-before described), as it will
be less liable to break the copper than a common burnisher.
Respecting the manufacture of saucepans, which are other articles to which
my improvement relates, the same are manufactured according to the process
above described, with scarcely any other difference than in the size and form
of the tools. See Sheet II. G is the completed saucepan; H, the form into
which the copper is raised by repeatedly stamping with different forcers in the
first or leading die; L is the form which is to be given by the stamping in
the next or second die; I is the chuck for the first burnishing of the copper
L; and K, the second chuck, composed of pieces for the narrowing in of the
mouth by the burnisher, in the manner herein-before explained for the bodies
of tea kettles. And also after that narrowing is done, a flange border x is
turned up around the mouth by the action of suitable burnishers, and a ring
of iron wire is applied in two halves around the neck behind that flange
border x, which is then turned backwards and burnished down over the wire
so as to enclose it, in order to give firmness to the mouth or opening. The
chuck K for the saucepan may be made with four filling pieces, two of them
being of parallel thickness, as shown in the Figure. And note, in order to
give a finish to the outside of the saucepan, a final burnishing may be given
upon a solid chuck M, which is of a similar form to the inside of the sauce-
pan, but sufficiently small to be admitted through the mouth or opening
thereof. And when the oiled burnisher is applied with a light pressure against
the outside surface of the copper, the inside thereof is pressed against the
revolving chuck K, so as to be carried round by the motion thereof. Although
the copper does not fit close all round the chuck, the burnishing is by that
means finished, and any marks which may have been left in consequence of
the joints of the filling pieces of which the chuck K is composed, will be
removed. And note, the burnishing of tea kettles may be finished on a small
solid chuck in like manner if it is thought necessary to give a fine polish.
The body of the saucepan being thus formed, the handle is affixed to it as
usual.
And respecting the manufacture of the lids for tea kettles and saucepans,
and similar utensils, which are other articles to which my improvement

page_text: relates, the same are to be formed out of one piece of metal by very similar
means to those herein-before described. The different stages of formation
are represented in Sheet II., viz. :-O is the form which is produced by stamp-
ing in the first or leading die, and P is the form which is produced by stamping
in the second or finishing die. This form P being attained, it is mounted on
the chuck Q, which is composed of four filling pieces applied round a central
core, so as to take off therefrom when required; and by the action of suitable
burnishers the open mouth of the stamped metal is narrowed in and turned
over behind the projecting fillets r, r, around the filling pieces of the chuck
Q, so as to produce the form R, which is then mounted on the chuck S by
inserting the prominent rim t, t, of the lid into a corresponding circular
groove in the flat face of the chuck S, and by the action of suitable burnishers
the lid is closed down and finished to the required form T, ready for affixing
the usual handle or knob on the top on the lid. Note, instead of mounting
the form P on a chuck Q made of detached pieces to burnish it into the
form R, I sometimes mount it on a solid chuck Q1, which is not large
enough to fill up the form P, but is of such a size that when the mouth
of the form P has been contracted by the burnishing, and the form R 1
produced, the said form R 1, can be withdrawn from the chuck Q 1.
Also I sometimes use a burnishing tool similar to that shewn in Figure A,
Sheet I., consisting of a burnishing roller 13, mounted in a forked handle 14,
the stem or stand of which forms a rest for it, and is set in the vertical
socket for the rest of the lathe. The burnishing roller 13 is formed
with a hollow to correspond to and fit on the fillet 1, 2, of the solid chuck
Q1, and a broad projecting rim on one side of that hollow to narrow
in the mouth of the form P; and the tool being held against the chuck with a
suitable pressure will press the metal against the revolving chuck, so as to
burnish it into the form of that chuck, although it does not fit tight thereon.
In using thus a solid chuck, the removal of one form R' from the chuck, and
the placing of a fresh one P to be burnished, will be performed with moro
expedition than in using a chuck Q made up of detached pieces; and by using
the burnishing roller 13 there will be less friction in working than when a
common burnishing tool is used. The burnishing tool here described may be
used also with the chuck Q, composed of detached pieces, as well as with a
solid chuck.
And respecting the other mode herein-before mentioned of manufacturing
tea kettles and other articles according to my said improvement, by making
the body of the kettle out of two pieces of metal, one for the lower half, and
the other piece for the upper half, the different stages of progressive formation

page_text: are represented in Sheet I. of the Drawings; viz, 1 is the form which is рго-
duced by stamping in the first or leading die for making the bottom or lower
half of the body; 2 is the form which is given to the other piece for making
the top or upper half stamping the same in the first or leading die; 3 and 4
nearly represent the forms which are given to the lower and upper pieces
respectively by stamping each one in its own second or finishing die. But the
said Figures 3 and 4 are the exact form and size which is given after the
stamping to the pieces which they represent by the first burnishing in the
lathe on a solid chuck similar to D, on which cach piece is mounted after the
stamping is finished. 5 is a chuck composed of four filling pieces disposed
around a central core, upon which chuck the upper piece is to be mounted for
narrowing in the open mouth thereof by the action of a burnisher, applied in
the manner herein-before described, except that in this mode of proceeding
only a little narrowing is required. Also during this burnishing the margin or
border of the open edge of the upper piece is cut smooth and even all round,
and then creased or suddenly narrowed a very little in by the action of a suit-
able burnisher, so as to prepare the said open edge of tho upper half for
jointing with the corresponding open edge of the lower balf, by entering a
little way into the same, as is represented at 7, 8, which exhibits the two parts
of.the intended body put together as they will be when completed. And note,
the rim or border p, p, around the intended mouth or entrance of the kettle
was formed by the stamping of the upper half, being partly raised in tho
leading die, as shewn by Q, and more prominently in the finishing die, as
shewn by p, p, 4, and it is finished by burnishing upon the chuck 5. The
aperture may be cut out by scoring with a sharp tool whilst it is revolving on
the chuck 5; but it will be more convenient to cut out the said aperture, when
the piece is dismounted from the chuck 5, with suitable top and bottom tools in
a fly press, and afterwards remounting it thereon, in order to furnish and turn
the margin of the cut edge upright, so that it will be fit to receive the upright
rim of the lid. The lower half 7 is burnished on a solid chuck, which is not
represented, but which is exactly similar to that marked. 24 in Sheet,2, which
exhibits the chuck for the lower part of a saucepan which is making.in two
halves, according to my improvement. The two halves of the tea kettle being
finished, as at 7,.8, they are to be soldered together with a brazed joint, all
around the body, to unite the two halves like one. And for the convenienco
of brazing they are held in a forked handle 14, which confines the two halves
very securely together in their proper positions by a clamp 15, with screws
and nuts; and the handle 14 serves to hold the whole over a coke fire whilst
the joint is brazed with spelter solder, or pin wire clippings and borax flux, in

page_text: the usual way of brazing the joints of tea kettles. After soldering the joint
must be beat down closo by hammering on a stake, and then the body may be
finished by finally burnishing and polishing on a chuck similar to F, Sheet I.,
before described, after which the body will be ready for aflixing the spout and
the handle, and for tinning, as is done in ordinary tea kettles.
The manner of making the bodies of saucepans in two halves, according
to my improvement, is the same as above described for the bodies of tea
kettles, with scarcely any other difference than in the shape and size of
the tools, some of which are represented in Sheet II.; viz, 20 is the form
which is given to the upper half by the stamping first in the leading die
(to a form not represented in the Drawings), and afterwards in the finishing
die to the form 20. 21 is the form to which the same upper half is
brought by burnishing on the solid chuck 22. 23 is the form given to
the lower half after stamping, first in a leading dic, and then in a finishing die,
and then burnishing on a solid chuck 24; and 25, 26, are the two halves
fitted together ready for soldering, the two halves of the saucepan body being
soldered together into one body, and the joint being hammered close, in the
manner above described for tea kettles. The saucepan is afterwards com-
pleted, and the strengthening wire applied around its mouth by the action of
burnishing in the lathe, in the manner herein-before described for sauce-
pans which are made of one piece, according to my improvement. And
note, my aforesaid mode of manufacturing tea kettles and saucepans out
of two pieces, forming a top half and a bottom half, by the operations of
stamping and burnishing in a lathe, as herein-before described, is also appli-
cable to other articles of a similar form and description, such, for instance, as
coffee filters; and also the aforesaid mode of making such articles in two
halves, by so stamping and burnishing, is applicable to rolled iron plate, and
plate of other rolled and laminated metals which are of a less ductile quality
than copper, such as brass; whereas the first-described method of making
the bodies of tea kettles or saucepans out of one piece by stamping, and
then narrowing in at the mouth by hammering and burnishing in a turning
lathe, requires very ductile copper to be used. The stamping of iron is a well-
known business at Birmingham, and needs no particular instructions for the
performing of all that is required on my improvement. The dies for stamping
iron should be made of wrought iron steeled withinside, as is very commonly
practised for stamping parts of plated candlesticks, teapots, and the like,
because cast-iron dies (which will do very well for stamping copper) wear
out too soon with stamping iron; but steeled dies are better for stamp-
ing iron. The iron being of good quality, and well annealed, may be

page_text: it
stamped cold, but in particular cases and parts of the process
may be
stamped hot if the metal is found to be strained by stamping cold. For
stamping each half of a tea kettle I have commonly used ten forcers whilst
stamping in the leading die to produce the forms 1 and 2, annealing the iron
two or three times, according to the quality of the iron, which should be the
best plate that can be procured. In annealing the iron it must be left to cool
very gradually by the burning out of the fire, as is usually done by the
stampers of iron and steel work for snuff boxes, clasp mouths of recticules,
and the like; and for the succeeding stamping of the same forms in iron in
their finishing dies I have commonly used three forcers to obtain the forms
3 and 4, and annealing once during such second series of stampings. The
lids for tea kettles or saucepans may be made of iron, or of iron tinned in the
mode herein-before described, as well as of copper. Note, in finishing the
mouths of iron saucepans, the flange border cannot be so readily raised and
turned over a wire by burnishing as in copper, according to the mode herein.
before described, wherefore a wire may be put round the mouths of iron
saucepans which are made by my improvement, and the metal turned over
the edge by the hammer in the usual way of manufacturing ordinary iron
saucepans.
Respecting other articles than tea kettles and saucepans, and lids for
the same, to which my improvement is applicable, I shall instance stew-
pans, see X, Sheet II., which are stamped like the lower halves of tea
kettles or saucepans, and are completed by burnishing in the lathe. Also the
body part of a coffee filter, which is shewn at Z, Sheet II., the whole being
I made out of one piece of copper plate, with its flat bottom and cylindrical
upright sides of two different diameters, with a projecting rim r,, between
those two sizes; also a doubled border or margin 9, 9, around the upper edgo
to give strength thereto. To produce this article a circular disk of rolled
copper is stamped in a leading die to give it a very similar form to A, Sheet I.,
and then that form is stamped again in a finishing dic to draw the sides
almost upright, nearly like V, Sheet II., after which it is burnished on a
cylindrical chuck to bring the sides quite upright and cylindrical, as shown
at V, and then that form is burnished down on another chuck W, to reduce
the lower end to a smaller cylinder, and also to gather up the part s, s,
between the two sizes of cylindrical parts into a prominent rim like r, r, in .
The border of the upper end is expanded to a projecting flange p, p, which is
afterwards doubled backwards and burnished down again so as to contract the
size of the cylindrical part forming a double thickness thereto.
Respecting oval-shaped tea kettles, or saucepans, or stewpans, the same may

page_text: be manufactured according to my improvement in the modes herein-before
described by using oval-shaped dies for stamping, and an oval turning lathe,
with suitable oval chucks, for burnishing, the oval-shaped forms upon, the
process being the same as for circular work.
Having now described the manner of carrying my said improvement into
effect, I, the said Thomas Griffiths, do hereby declare that the new Invention,
whereof the exclusive use is granted to me by the aforesaid Letters l'atent,
consists in the improvement of manufacturing the bodies for tea kettles and
saucepans, with the lids thereto; also the bodies or the lids of stewpans,
coffee filters, and coffee biggins, or other articles of a like form and nature, by
the modes herein-before described, of stamping in dies, and burnishing in a
turning lathe, so as to raise and form such articles or certain of such articles
out of disks of rolled copper, or iron, or iron tinned, as herein-before described,
with fewer pieces and fewer seams than heretofore required for forming like
articles by the ordinary mode of manufacturing the same.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Griffiths, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of April, One thousand eight hundred
and thirty-four,
Signed, sealed, and delivered, by the
within-named Thomas Griffiths, in
THOMAS (L.s.) GRIFFITHS.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Fifteenth day of April,
in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid Thomas Griffiths came before our
Lord the King in Elis Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid,
and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written. And also
the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute
in that case made and provided.

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
GRIFFITHS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Tin Plate Worker,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His late most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Fifteenth day of February, One thousand eight hundred
and thirty-four, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, His especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority, that
I, and such others as I should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TEA KETTLES AND OTHER ARTICLES
THEN USUALLY MADE OF COPPER, COPPER TINNED OR PLATED, IRON TINNED, OR ANY
OTHER METAL OR METALS;" and I, as Grantee, obtained the said Letters Patent ;
and whereas in pursuance of a proviso in the said Letters Patent contained
I caused a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, by an Instrument under my hand
and seal, to be enrolled in His late Majesty's High Court of Chancery on
the Fifteenth day of April, One thousand eight hundred and thirty-four, which
Instrument was and is the Specification, as it is usually termed, of the said
Letters Patent; and whereas (in pursuance of the powers and provisions of
the Act of Parliament, made and passed in the sixth year of the reign of His
said late Majesty, intituled "An Act to amend the Law touching Letters
Patent for Inventions"), I think fit and am desirous, for good and sufficient
reasons berein-after stated, to enter with the Clerk of the Patents of England
a Disclaimer of parts of the Title of my said Invention, and of the said Specifi-
cation thereof; and also to enter a Memorandum of Alterations in the said Titlo
and Specification, in manner herein-after mentioned, the said Disclaimer and
Alterations not being such as extend the exclusive right granted to me by the
said Letters Patent; and I have obtained the leave of Her Majesty's Attorney
General for England 'so to do, certified by his fiat and signature, according to
the form of the Act of Parliament herein-before referred to..

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Griffiths, do hereby disclaim the
following parts of the Title and Specification of my said Invention (that is to
say):-
1. I disclaim the words "or plated." and also the words "or any other
metal or metals" in the said Title; and my reasons for such Disclaimer are,
that have not used and do not intend to use my said Invention in the
manufacture of articles made of copper plated, and also that the words " any
other nietal or metals," include several kinds of metal other than copper,
copper tinned, iron plate, and iron tinned, which alone I have used and
intend to use in manufacturing articles according to my Invention'; and that
I have been informed that certain articles made of copper plated, and of a
description of metal called Britannia metal, have been made in a manner
resembling that described by me in my said Specification, and which I have
applied to the several metals above enumerated, that is to say, copper, copper
tinned, iron plate, and iron tinned, and which manner of manufacture, as
applicable to the said last-mentioned metals, was I believe wholly new when
invented by me.
2. I disclaim the words "and other articles herein-after mentioned," which
occur at the commencement of the describing part of the Specification,
immediately after the words "my improvement in tea kettles;" and my reason
for such Disclaimer is, that the omission of such words renders the meaning
which I intended to express more clear, and the entire Specification will be
more clearly understood by the omission of such words.
3. I disclaim the words or article," being the eleventh and twelfth words
further on in the same sentence in the said Specification; and my reason for
such Disclaimer is the same as that lastly herein-before mentioned.
4. I disclaim the words "of rolled copper plate, copper tinned, or plated or
iron plate," which occur soon afterwards in the said Specification, there being
one hundred and twenty words, or thereabouts, between them and the said
words "or article," lastly disclaimed; and my reasons for such Disclaimer are,
that I have already disclaimed, and do hereby disclaim, the use of copper
plated, and also that the omission of the words "rolled copper plate, copper
tinned, or plated, or iron plate," and of the words "or article," will render
the meaning which I intended to express in the Specification more clear.
5. 1 disclain the words "and other articles," which form part of a sentence,
further on in the said Specification, commencing "and respecting the other
mode herein-before mentioned of manufacturing tea kettles and other articles

page_text: according to my said improvement, by making the body of the tea kettle out
of two pieces of metal," and so forth; and my reason for such Disclaimer is,
that the words so disclaimed are improperly mentioned therein, and my
meaning will be more clearly understood by the omission of them.
6. I disclaim the words "and plate of other rolled and laminated metals,"
and also the words "such as brass," which respectively occur in the following
sentence further on in the said Specification, "and also the aforesaid mode of
making such articles in two halves by so stamping and burnishing, is applicable
to rolled iron plate, and plate of other rolled and laminated metals, which are
of a less ductile quality than copper, such as brass," and so forth; and my
reasons for such Disclaimer are the same as already stated by me for the
Disclaimer herein first above mentioned.
AND KNOW YE FURTHER, that I, the said Thomas Griffiths, do hereby
enter the following Memorandum of Alterations in the Title and Specification
of my said Invention (that is to say):-
1. I alter the Title of the said Invention, by adding the word "certain"
after the word "and," and before the words "other articles;" and my reason
for such alteration is, to control and limit the signification of the latter words
in the Title, and to shew more clearly my intention, although I believe the
words originally used were and are unobjectionable.
2. I alter the said Title by adding the more limited words "or iron plate"
after the words "iron tinned," and in lieu of the more capacious words "or
any other metal or metals," herein-before disclaimed; and my reasons for such
alteration are the same which I have heretofore stated as my reason for the
Disclaimer herein-before first above mentioned.
3. I alter the Specification of the said Invention by inserting the words
"several of them," between the sixteenth and seventeenth words of the following
sentance therein, "all which articles have been hitherto usually made out of a
greater number of pieces, and with a greater number and extent of brazed
joints, than are required according to my said Improvement;" and my reason
for such alteration is, to make the said Specification in this respect more
limited and correct; and I declare it to be my desire and intention, that
so far as all, any, or either of the several named Disclaimers, expressed to
be herein-before named, are either wholly or partially in the nature of an
alteration or alterations within the meaning of the Act of Parliament
herein-before referred to, the same shall, either wholly or partially, as the
case may be, be considered and take effect as an Alteration or Alterations

page_text: instead of as a Disclaimer or Disclaimers; and that so far as all, or any, or
cither of the several-named Alterations expressed to be herein-before made, are
either wholly or partially in the nature of a. Disclaimer or Disclaimers within
the meaning of the said Act of Parliament herein-before referred to, the same
shall either wholly or partially, as the case may be, be considered and take effect
as a Disclaimer or Disclaimers instead of as an Alteration or Alterations. And
whereas I have stated in the said Specification as follows, viz." The chuck
is made of wood screwed upon the end of the mandrill or spindle of the lathe,
and is covered with one of the copper forms D, rubbed and burnished down
upon the wood to give a hard and smooth surface to the chuck; and whereas
at. and previous to the time of my making the said Specification I used a
chuck male of wood, and covered as therein stated, but some time afterwards
I ascertained that iron chucks answered the purpose better, and 1 have since
used them, I therefore deem it right to state and make public these facts.
And I, the said Thomas Griffiths, do hereby further declare, that the above
Disclaimers and Alterations are not such as extend the exclusive right granted
by the said Letters Patent.
In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand, this Twelfth day of May,
One thousand eight hundred and forty-six.
Signed, sealed, and delivered, by the
within-named Thomas Griffiths, in
THOMAS (L.s.) GRIFFITHIS.

page_text: Westminster, the 15th day of February, 1884, and to which a Specification
was duly enrolled; and on considering the said application, I directed him to
advertise the said Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration; and in obedience
thereto he advertised the said Disclaimer & Memorandum of Alteration in
the Gazettes and Newspapers following, namely, in the London Gazettes of
March 20th, 24th, & 31st, 1846, and in the Morning Chronicle of March 20th,
1846, and in the Times of March 21st, 1846; and no sufficient objection
having been made to the said application, I hereby grant leave to the said
Thomas Griffiths to enter and file his said Disclaimer and Memorandum of
Alteration, pursuant to the Statute passed in the fifth and sixth years of the
reign of His late Majesty King William the Fourth, intituled "An Act to
amend the Law touching Letters Patent for Inventions."
FRED. THESIGER.
Temple, May 15th, 1846.
Inrolled the Nineteenth day of May, in the year above written.