AN IMPROVED MODE OF TREATING AND BOTTLING BEER, AND IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN.
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander William Gillman and Samuel Spencer,
both of the Castle Brewery, Saint George's Road, Southwark, in the
County of Surrey, Consulting Practical Brewers and Analytical
Chemists, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MODE OF TREATING AND
BOTTLING BEER, AND IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN.'
"
Sealed the 19th March 1875, and dated the 21st January 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander William
Gillman and Samuel Spencer at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 21st January 1875.
We, ALEXANDER William GILLMAN and SAMUEL SPENCER, both of
the Castle Brewery, Saint George's Road, Southwark, in the County,
of Surrey, Consulting Practical Brewers and Analytical Chemists, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE
OF TREATING AND BOTTLING BEER, AND IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object an improved mode of treating and
bottling beer and improvements in apparatus employed therein, whereby,
[Price Sd.]

page_text: the beer is immediately matured and thereby rendered fit for use, and is
preserved in a sound condition for a much longer period than beer
treated and bottled in the ordinary way. For this purpose instead of
bottling beer which has been previously allowed to become flat by
exposure to the atmosphere as heretofore, we first drive out the atmo-
spheric air from the beer which may have become absorbed thereby, and
then charge the beer with carbonic acid gas under considerable pressure,
but at a much less pressure than that of soda water. Beer thus treated
we fill into bottles by means of bottling apparatus of a somewhat similar
character to that ordinarily employed in bottling aerated waters.
In carrying our Invention into effect we, by preference, first expel
the atmospheric air from the cask or other vessel which is to contain the
beer to be treated by causing carbonic acid gas to enter such cask or
vessel until such cask or vessel is filled with carbonic acid gas. We then
run the beer into such vessel and cause a stream of carbonic acid gas
to pass through the beer for a short time, so as to carry off any atmo-
spheric air from the beer which may have been absorbed thereby, or
held suspended therein. The cask or other vessel is then sealed and the
carbonic acid gas is still allowed to enter it until a sufficient pressure is
obtained. The beer thus treated is then supplied to bottles by bottling
apparatus of a somewhat similar character to that employed in bottling
aerated waters, but with an additional cock attached to the supply pipe to
supply carbonic acid gas to the bottles previous to allowing the beer to
enter them, and by these means expelling the atmospheric air from the
bottles. Instead however of connecting this additional cock to the
supply of carbonic acid gas it may be connected to an exhausting appa-
ratus to exhaust the air from the bottles previous to allowing the beer
to flow therein, and this is the mode of operation which we prefer, as in
addition to removing the air from the bottles the flow of beer therein is
greatly facilitated.
In bottling beer in the manner above described we prefer to employ
bottles of a light amber colour, by which it can be readily seen when a
sufficient quantity of beer has entered the bottles, and in some cases we
add to the bottle stand a tray or trough to receive any beer which may
be spilled, and convey it away to a suitable reservoir.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Alexander William Gillman and Samuel Spencer,
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st July 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ALEXANDER
WILLIAM GILLMAN and SAMUEL SPENCER, both of the Castle Brewery,
Saint George's Road, Southwark, in the County of Surrey, Consulting
Practical Brewers and Analytical Chemists, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of January in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in
the thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto us, the said Alexander William Gillman
and Samuel Spencer, Her special license that we, the said Alexander
William Gillman and Samuel Spencer, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Alexander William Gillman
and Samuel Spencer, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF TREATING AND BOTTLING BEER, AND
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Alexander William Gillman and
Samuel Spencer, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our, or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal
of one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander William Gillman, on
behalf of myself and the said Samuel Spencer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
The Invention has for its object an improved mode of treating and

page_text: bottling beer and improvements in apparatus employed therein, whereby
the beer is immediately matured and thereby rendered fit for use and is
preserved in a sound condition for a much longer period than beer
treated and bottled in the ordinary way. For this purpose instead of
bottling beer which has been previously allowed to become flat by
exposure to the atmosphere as heretofore, we first drive out the atmo-
spheric air from the beer which may have become absorbed thereby, and
then charge the beer with carbonic acid gas under considerable pressure,
but at a much less pressure than that of soda water, preferably from 20
to 35 pounds to the square inch. Beer thus treated we fill into bottles
by means of bottling apparatus of a somewhat similar character to
that ordinarily employed in bottling aerated waters.
In carrying our Invention into effect we, by preference, first expel
the atmospheric air from the cask or other vessel which is to contain the
beer to be treated, by causing carbonic acid gas to enter such cask or
vessel until such cask or vessel is filled with carbonic acid gas. We then
run the beer into such vessel and cause a stream of carbonic acid gas
to pass through the beer for a short time so as to carry off any atmo-
spheric air from the beer which may have been absorbed thereby, or
held suspended therein. For this purpose we employ a perforated pipe
lying at or near the bottom of the cask or vessel, and extending from end
to end thereof, which pipe is connected with the gas generator or holder
by another pipe having a cock thereon. The cask or other vessel is then
sealed and the carbonic acid gas is still allowed to enter it until a
sufficient pressure is obtained. The beer thus treated is then supplied to
bottles by bottling apparatus of a somewhat similar character to that
employed in bottling aerated waters, but with an additional cock
attached to the supply pipe, to supply carbonic acid gas to the bottles
previous to allowing the beer to enter them, and by these means ex-
pelling the atmospheric air from the bottles.
In bottling beer in the manner above described we prefer to employ
bottles of a light amber color, by which it can be readily seen when a
sufficient quantity of beer has entered the bottles, and in some cases
we add to the bottle stand a tray or trough to receive any beer which
may be spilled and convey it away to a suitable reservoir.
We would here remark that the bottles after being filled in the manner
above described, are corked by the ordinary means connected with the
filling or bottling apparatus.

page_text: We would further remark that the mode described in our Provisional
Specification of removing the atmospheric air from the bottles by an
exhausting apparatus, does not possess that amount of utility which
we had anticipated, we therefore desire to disclaim and we do hereby
disclaim such part of our Invention described in our said Provisional
Specification.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention and the mode
in which we carry the same into effect, we would have it understood
that we do not claim as our Invention generally the treating and
bottling of beer by the aid of carbonic acid gas, but what we do
claim is,
First. The mode herein described of treating and bottling beer by
first causing a stream of carbonic acid gas to pass therethrough to
remove or drive out the atmospheric air therefrom, and then fully
charging or saturating such beer with a sufficient pressure of carbonic
acid gas whereby it will not require any addition of gas thereto after it
is in the bottles.
Secondly. We claim supplying carbonic acid gas to the bottles and to
the cask or vessel so as to drive out the atmospheric air therefrom pre-
vious to filling them with beer.
Thirdly. We claim as our improvements in apparatus employed in
treating and bottling beer, the addition to the ordinary bottling appa-
ratus of a cock to the gas supply pipe to supply carbonic acid gas to the
bottles before allowing the beer to flow therein, as also the addition to
the bottle stand of a tray or trough to receive any beer which may be
spilled, and carry it away to a suitable reservoir.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander William Gillman, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of July, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
ALEX. W. GILLMAN. (L.S.)