IMPROVE MENTS IN DYEING MIXED ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE FIBRES WHETHER IN A RAW OR MANUFACTURED STATE
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVE
MENTS IN DYEING MIXED ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE FIBRES WHETHER IN A RAW
OR MANUFACTURED STATE."-A communication from abroad by Theophile
Grison, of Deville-les-Rouen, France.
Sealed the 29th January 1864, and dated the 1st August 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald Brooman
at the Office of the Commissioners of 'Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st August 1863.
I, RICHARD, ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING MIXED ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE FIBRES, WHETHER
IN A RAW OR MANUFACTURED STATE," to be as follows:-
By the processes hitherto employed for dyeing mixed animal and vegetable
fibres and tissues, it has, been necessary to submit the fibres or tissues to two
separate dyeings, one to dye the animal and the other the vegetable fibres.
This. Invention consists in dyeing mixed animal and vegetable fibres, whether
in a raw, carded, combed, spun, or manufactured state, at one oporation,
as hereafter described. I will first describe the process for dyeing cloth
black.
Preparation for mordanting:-This preparation may be performed in two
different ways, the first consists in carrying on the operation of mordanting.

page_text: and dyeing in a single bath, and the second in two distinct baths. According
to the first method if I wish to dye a piece of mixed cloth weighing from, say,
20 to 25 lbs. of wool, I prepare a bath of water in a trough or in an ordinary
vessel for dyeing black, and I place therein from 1 to 4 lbs. of sulphate of
iron, and from a half to 2 lbs. of sulphate of copper. Other salts of iron and
copper may be substituted for those mentioned, or even soluble salts of zinc,
lead, manganese, or chromium, singly or mixed in various proportions.
The proportions of the ingredients above mentioned are for different shades
of black. I place the stuffs to be dyed in the bath thus prepared, work them
therein, and boil for about an hour. I then take out the cloth on a roller and
add to the bath sufficient alkali to neutralize the acid contained therein; I also
add from 1 to 2 lbs. of shumac, 1 to 2 lbs. of fustic, and from 9 to 13 lbs. of
logwood (or extract of these woods), according to the shade I wish to obtain;
I then heat the bath to from 100° to 120° Fahrenheit, and work the cloth
therein for 15 or 20 minutes; I afterwards raise the bath to boiling point for
an hour or an liour and a half. If it is desired to heighten the color I add at
the middle of this last operation from 3 to 8 ounces of the salt before supplied
to the bath. These proportions vary according as it is desired to obtain
deeper or lighter shades.
According to the second method I operate in two baths, I first prepare
a bath of a salt of iron, hot or cold, with one of the salts above named,
or with acetate, nitrate, pyrolignite, or chloride of iron, alone or mixed
with soluble salts of copper, chromium, manganese, or lead; this bath
may vary from 1° to 8° Beaumé, according to the shade to be obtained; I
place the stuffs to be dyed in the bath thus prepared, and when they have
become sufficiently impregnated and saturated with the liquid I take them
out and leave them for from 6 to 12 hours. When I operate hot place the
stuffs in the bath at a temperature of from 130° to 150° Fahrenheit for 2
hours, and afterwards rinse them with a stream of water before dyeing them ;
I prepare the dyeing bath in a trough or other suitable vessel and supply it
with the quantities of coloring matter mentioned as used in the first method.
I beat the bath to from 100° to 120° Fahrenheit, and place the stuffs therein
for 15 or 20 minutes. I then raise the heat to boiling point; after boiling
for an hour I take out the stuffs and add to the bath a small quantity of one
or several of the-salts mentioned; I' then again boil for an hour. The mixed
animal and vegetable fibres are now perfectly dyed. For other colors I
operate in the same manner as for black, the mordants and the coloring
matters alone differing. The mordants employed are the salts with a base of
alumina and those with a base of tin, or both mixed in varying proportions.

page_text: All these mordants are well known; what I consider as new are the combination
and the mode of employment which allows of their being simultaneously applied
to animal and vegetable fibres. I prepare a bath of one of these mordants at
from 1° to 10° Beaumé, according to the shado to be obtained, and I work hot
or cold to perform the operation more or less quickly. After the mixed fibres
have been well saturated in this bath I place them in another bath slightly
alkaline, and without washing being necessary, I dye them as before described
for dyeing black. By this means I precipitate on the fibres the quantities of
bases necessary for the uniform dyeing.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent Offico
on the 1st February 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said
Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING MIXED ANIMAL AND
VEGETABLE FIBRES, WHETHER IN A RAW OR MANUFACTURED STATE," (communicated
to me from abroad by Théophile Grison, of Deville-les-Rouen, France,)
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Richard Archibald
Brooman, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the samo to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the samo is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
:
By the processes hitherto employed for dyeing mixed animal and vegetable
fibres and tissues it has been necessary to submit the fibres or tissues to two
separate dyeings, one to dye the animal and the other the vegetable fibres.
This Invention consists in dyeing mixed animal and vegetable fibres, whether
in a raw, carded, combed, spun, or .manufactured state, at one operation,
as hereafter described. I will first describe the process for dyeing cloth
black.
Preparation for mordanting:-This preparation may be performed in two
different ways, the first consists in carrying on the operation of mordanting
and dyeing in a single bath, and the second in two distinct baths. According
to the first method if I wish, to dye a piece of mixed cloth weighing from
20 to 25 lbs. of wool, I prepare a bath of water in a trough or in an ordinary
vessel for dyeing black, and. I place therein from 1 to 4 lbs. of sulphate of
iron, and from a half to 2 lbs. of sulphate of copper.. Other salts of iron
and of copper may be substituted for those mentioned, or even soluble salts
of zinc, lead, manganese, or chromium, singly or mixed in various proportions.
The proportions of the ingredients above mentioned are for different shades
of black. I place the stuffs to be dyed in the bath thus prepared, work them
therein and boil for about an hour; I then take out the cloth on a roller
and add to the bath sufficient alkali to neutralize the acid contained therein;
I also add from 1 to 2 lbs. of shumac, 1 to 2 lbs. of fustic, and from 9 to
13 lbs. of logwood (or extracts of these woods), according to the shade I
wish to obtain. I then heat the bath to from 100° to 120° Fahrenheit, and
work the cloth therein for 15 or 20 minutes; I afterwards raise, the bath to
boiling point for an hour or an hour and a half. If it is desired to heighten
the color, I add at the middle of this last operation from 3 to 8 ounces of
the salt before supplied to the bath. These proportions vary according as it
is desired to obtain deeper or lighter shades.
'
According to the second method I operate in two baths, I first prepare a
bath of a salt of iron, hot or cold, with one of the salts above named, or with
acetate, nitrate, pyrolignite, or chloride of iron, alone or mixed with solublo
salts of copper, chromium, manganese, or lead; this bath may vary from 1 to 8
Beaumé, according to the shade to be obtained. I place the stuffs to be dyed
in the bath thus prepared, and when they have become sufficiently impregnated
and saturated with the liquid, I take them out and leave them for from 6 to 12

page_text: bours. When I operate hot I place the stuffs in the bath at a temperature
of from 130° to 150° Fahrenheit for 2 hours, and afterwards rinse them with
a stream of water before dyeing them. I prepare the dyeing bath in a trough
or other suitable vessel, and supply it with the quantities of coloring matter,
mentioned as used in the first method. I heat the bath to from 100 to 120°
Fahrenheit, and place the stuffs therein for 15 or 20 minutes; I then raise
the heat to boiling point. After boiling for an hour I take out the stuffs and
add to the bath a small quantity of one or several of the salts mentioned; I
then again boil for an hour. The mixed animal and vegetable fibres are now
perfectly dyed. For other colors I operate in the same manner as for black,
the mordants and the coloring matters alone differing. The mordants employed
are the salts with a base of alumina, and those with a base of tin, or
both mixed in varying proportions. All these mordants are well known;
what I consider as new are the combination and the mode of employment
which allows of their being simultaneously applied to animal and vegetable
fibres. I prepare a bath of one of these mordants at from 1° to 10° Beaumé,
according to the shade to be obtained, and I work hot or cold to perform the
operation more or less quickly. After the mixed fibres have been well
saturated in this bath, I place them in another bath slightly alkaline and
without washing being necessary, I dye them as before described for dyeing
black. By this means I precipitate on the fibres the quantities of bases
necessary for their uniform dyeing.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim dyeing mixed
animal and vegetable fibres, whether in a raw or manufactured state, at
one operation, substantially by the means and in manner herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this First day of February One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-four.