AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MACHINERY USED FOR DRAWING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES OR ✓ MATERIALS IN ANY OF THE PROCESSES OR MACHINES POR PREPARING TO BE *SPUN OR FOR SPINNING THE SAME."
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Wilson Hadwen, of Kebroyd Mills, in the
Parish of Halifax and West Riding of the County of York, Cotton
Spinner, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS OR MACHINERY USED FOR DRAWING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES OR
✓ MATERIALS IN ANY OF THE PROCESSES OR MACHINES POR PREPARING TO BE
*SPUN OR FOR SPINNING THE SAME."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Wilson Hadwen
at the, Office of the .Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 16th September 1859.
I, JOHN WILSON HADWEN, of Kebroyd Mills, in the Parish of Halifax and
West Riding of the County.of York, Cotton Spinner, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS OR MACHINERY USED FOR DRAWING FIBROUS, SUBSTANCES OR MATERIALS
IN ANY OF THE PROCESSES, OR MACHINES FOR PREPARING TO BE SPUN OR FOR
SPINNING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to the machines, apparatus, or parts of machines
known as "drawing rollers," and used for drawing or elongating slivers or
rovings of fibrous material, and is applicable to the said.drawing. rollers;
whether the same are used as separate machines or form.component parts of
other machines..The, said Invention consists in applying, as a substitute for
the back rollers or holding rollers usually employed as part of each system.or

page_text: combination of drawing rollers, a roller or pair of rollers combined with a
straight-edged bar, shell, or trough, between the straight edge of which bar
and the roller combined therewith (or one of the rollers, if a pairis used,) the
delivery of the material is effected at a point nearer to the nip of the next
following drawing rollers, or to the points of the gills, where gill machinery is
used, than by the ordinary arrangement.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Wilson Hadwen in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 16th March 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
WILSON HADWEN, of Kebroyd Mills, in the Parish of Halifax and West
Riding of the County of York, Cotton Spinner, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight. hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Wilson Hadwen, Her special license that I, the said John
Wilson Hadwen, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said John Wilson Hadwen, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR
'MACHINERY USED FOR DRAWING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES OR MATERIALS IN ANY OF
THE PROCESSES OR MACHINES FOR PREPARING TO BE SPUN OR FOR SPINNING THE
SAME," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Wilson
Hadwen, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Wilson Hadwen, do hereby
declare that the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, are particularly described and ascertained in

page_text: and by this present instrument in writing, reference being had unto the
Drawings thereto annexed:-
My said Invention is applicable to all or any of the combinations of rollers
usually employed in doubling, drawing, and equalising slivers or rovings of
fibrous materials, such as cotton, flax, silk waste, worsted, or any other fibres,
either in the preparatory or spinning processes. Systems or sets of such
rollers, commonly known as "drawing rollers," not only constitute the essential
parts of separate and individual machines, but form component parts of various
other machines. They consist of two or more pairs of parallel rollers, of which
the back pair, or that through which the streams of fibre first pass, are known
as the back or detaining rollers, and the remaining ones as the front or
drawing rollers. My Invention consists in substituting for the ordinary back
or detaining rollers an apparatus consisting of a roller and a straight-edged
rigid bar, stationary and parallel thereto, the roller revolving with its surface
in contact with the straight edge of the bar. The side or bounding surface of
the said bar, contiguous to the roller, is made (as a matter of preference) of a
dished or concave form corresponding with the cylindrical contour or convexity
of the roller. The lip or straight delivering edge of the bar is presented
towards the drawing rollers on or about the same level with the nip thereof,
and at such a distance therefrom as may best suit the staple or length of fibre
of the material to be operated upon; or, in the case of gill machinery, on a
level with the upper side of the fallers or gill bars, the distance of the detaining
roller from the first gill bar being in like manner regulated to suit the staple.
The improved roller is generally to be fluted in the ordinary manner, but not
necessarily and under all circumstances, as it may, in some cases, be preferable
to use a smooth roller. By its revolutions it effects the indraught of the
fibrous material between itself and the concave internal surface of the fixed or
stationary bar on the one hand, and the re-delivery of the same material over
the front edge or lip of the said bar to the drawing rollers or gills, as the case
may be, on the other hand. The action of a detaining roller and bar of this
construction, when compared with that of the ordinary detaining rollers of
similar dimensions, will be found to possess the advantage (among others) of
delivering the material to the drawing rollers or gills at a nearer point than
the latter will deliver it by a space equal to half the diameter of the roller, or
even more. Rollers combined with dished or concave bars, and of a con-
struction very similar to that now described, have heretofore been used and
applied in carding engines in places of the ordinary feed rollers under the
lenomination of the "Patent Feed Apparatus."
I would here observe, that although in the foregoing statement of the nature

page_text: of my Invention I have, for the sake of brevity, spoken of one roller only as
being combined with the straight-edged bar, I by no means intend to be under-
stood as restricting or limiting my Invention to the use of one roller ouly,
inasmuchas mysubsequentexplanationswill shewthat the application thereof
may be varied by combining two rollers with the said bar without deviating
from the principle or essence of the Invention, which consists in the use and
application of the straight-edged bar to effect the equable delivery of the
sliver or roving from a back or detaining roller at the most advanced point in
the circumference of the latter, that is to say, at the front or forward extremity
of its horizontal diameter for the time being, which is necessarily the nearest
attainable point of delivery to the drawing rollers or gills. And, in the
example herein-after given of this mode of varying the construction of the
apparatus, it will be evident, upon due consideration, that the introduction of
the second or extra roller is only for the purpose of aiding or facilitating the
indraught of the sliver or roving, and does not interfere with nor impair the
integrity of the main principle or characteristic feature before defined, which
is still maintained in the manner of arranging and combining the straight-
edged bar with the principal roller, so as to effect the delivery of the material
.from the front extremity of the horizontal diameter of the latter, whether it be
associated with a second or auxiliary roller, or used alone.
The manner in which my said Invention, the nature of which has been
explained in the foregoing part of this statement, is to be performed or
applied, I shall now proceed to describe according to the best of my present
knowledge and experience, illustrating the description by the Drawings,
Diagrams, or Sketches appended to and forming part of the present instru-
ment. To the parts of the said Drawings I shall make reference by means of
the characters or letters marked thereon, such characters or letters when
recurring being always understood to indicate the same or similar parts or
things repeated in different Diagrams or occurring under different phases.
Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 exbibit varieties of sectional form according to which
the apparatus may be constructed. In Figure 1, a represents the section of
the roller, and 6 that of the concave straight-edged bar, the upper surface of
which, adjacent to the front part of the roller, is hollowed cylindrically, so as
to envelope about one-fourth of the roller; b₁ is the lip or delivering edge of
the roller. In Figure 2 the same characters indicate the same parts 1e-
spectively; but the concave surface of the bar bis shewn as enveloping one-
half of the roller. In Figure 3 the same characters again indicate the same
parts, and D, D, represent drawing or front rollers. This Figure is introduced
to shew how the point of delivery from the detaining roller, that is to say, the

page_text: lip b¹of the straight-edged bar, may be made to approximate still more closely
to the nip of the drawing rollers, namely, by hollowing out the anterior
surface of the bar b, as at 6, so as to make room for the bottom drawing
roller. and to allow the lip or delivering edge of the bar partially to over-
hang the same. This construction is also available for the purpose of enabling
larger drawing rollers to be used without increasing the distance between the
point of delivery and the nip of the drawing rollers. Figure 4 shews the
manner of combining two rollers with the straight-edged bar b, a being the
detaining roller proper, and m, a secondary roller added to facilitate the
indraught. Except as regards the particulars herein-before adverted to,
and except that motion must be given to the roller a in a contrary
direction to that of the ordinary bottom or fluted detaining roller, the rollers
of my improved apparatus may be made mounted, weighted, adjusted, and
driven in the same manner as the rollers in ordinary use for the same purpose.
Figure 5 is a section, and Figure 6 a plan, of so many of the parts of a
drawing head applicable to the treatment of cotton as will suffice to shew the
manner of applying the apparatus, and adapting the same to work in con
junction with the drawing rollers. The section, Figure 5, is supposed to be
that formed by the intersection of a vertical plane at the line 1-2 in Figure 6.
Figures 7 and 8 are respectively similar views of parts of a screw gill drawing
head adapted to draw long stapled fibre, such as worsted or silk waste, the
section, Figure 7, being taken on the line 3-4 in Figure 8.
In Figures 5 and 6, A, A, is the roller stand; A1,A2, the ordinary adjustable
pedestals or steps to carry the detaining rollers; B, B,the calendar rollers; C,
the trumpet mouth; D,D,the usual front or drawing rollers, by which the sliver
is drawn out and re-delivered through the trumpet mouth C to the calendar
rollers B, B,whence it falls into the can; D¹ is the saddle, with its weight D²,
used to press into close contact the front rollers D, D. Similar means may
be applied to keep down the improved detaining roller; but I prefer for that
purpose the screw stay herein-after described and shewn in the Dra wing.
The foregoing parts are all old. a, a, is the improved back or detaining
roller. It occupies the same position as the ordinary detaining rollers, is
similarly mounted on the slide A2, and receives motion from the bottom front
roller shaft through the train of wheels e, f, g, h, and . b, b, is the straight-
edged bar, against which the roller a works. It is attached at each end by a
bolt c to projections cast upon the adjustable slides. The roller a and bar b
are consequently easily adjustable as to their distances from the front rollers.
Any convenient mode of depressing the roller a may be adopted, such as a
screw and spring; but without confining myself to any particular mode, I

page_text: prefer that shewn in the Drawing, in which d is a stay, the concave base of
which clasps the neck of the roller a, a, and presses the latter into the concave
part of the bar b, b. The pressure is derived from the action of the screw d¹,
which passes through a screwed hole in the top of the curved or sickle-shaped
bracket d. The foot of the ladder is firmly bolted to the bar b, b, so that the
force exerted by the screw d¹ reacts against the bar, and prevents its yielding
or receding from the roller. The course of the slivers is shewn by the shades
of red tint. They are drawn between the roller a, a, and the cavity or recess
of the bar b, b, are there compressed and advanced with a slow and regular
motion until they are delivered over the lip or straight edge 61 of the bar to
the drawing rollers, from which they pass after being drawn or elongated to
the calendar rollers.
The foregoing description and reference apply equally so far as they extend
to the parts exhibited in Figures 7 and 8, the difference between the machines
represented consisting only in the intervention of the gills between the detain-
ing and drawing rollers. E is a trough of tinned plate, over which the slivers
are drawn to the detaining roller a, a; F, F, F, are the gill bars or fallers;
G is one of the propelling serews, and G'its shaft; H, the guide plate. The
detaining roller and straight-edged bar are adjusted in this case to deliver the
slivers to the gills, which convey it onward and re-deliver it to the drawing
rollers in a manner well known and generally understood. In all other
particulars the remarks made with reference to Figures 5 and 6 are applicable,
and render further details unnecessary.
Whether drawing rollers be used as separate machines, or as component
parts of other machines, and whether with single or repeated draughts, the
functions of the back or detaining rollers, and their relations to and manner of
combination with the drawing rollers, are in all cases the same, so that the
preceding examples and directions will suffice to make the application of the
Invention as completely and amply intelligible as if all the details were
repeated with special reference to each particular machine in which drawing
rollers are or may be used, such as the fly frame, throstle, mule, and others.
I shall, therefore, now close this statement by declaring, in order to ascertain
the precise extent of the herein-before recited or described Invention or
improvements, that what I claim, or intend hereby to claim as of my Inven-
tion, and secured to me by the Letters Patent aforesaid, is, the application in
any set or system of drawing rollers, as a substitute for and in place of the
usual back or detaining rollers, of a roller or rollers combined with a fixed
straight-edged bar, shell, or trough, between the straight edge of which bar
and the roller the delivery of the fibrous material to be drawn may be effected

page_text: at a point nearer to the nip of the next following drawing rollers (or to the
first of the gill bars or fallers, where gill machinery is used,) than is practicable
by the back or detaining rollers in ordinary use.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Wilson Hadwen, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
Signed and sealed, by the said
John Wilson Hadwen, in the
presence of
J. WILSON HADWEN. (L.s.)
JNO. TAYLER, Patent Agent,
Manchester.