IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR SPINNING HEMP THREADS, WASTE SILK, ALSO FOR DOUBLING AND TWISTING
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frédéric Maigron, Builder, of Square St. Ambroise,
Paris, France, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
SPINNING HEMP THREADS, WASTE SILK, ALSO FOR DOUBLING AND TWISTING

page_text: and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have made
solemn Declaration that I am the true and first Inventor thereof.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frédéric Maigron, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and
seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to say :—
The loom forming the subject of the present Invention is characterized
by the general disposition of the mechanism and especially by the
results it produces, whether in working hemp for producing hemp 1
threads or rope yarn, or in its application to doubling and twisting wool,
cotton, silk, or other filamentous matters.
The twisting and cylindring of the threads are performed at will, and
so to speak, mathematically, the government of the movements of
these operations being effected by wheel gear which can be changed 1
with the greatest facility; moreover the thread, yarn, silver, or roving,
by an arrangement of concentric shafts, always following the same
course from the nipper to the flayer, the torsion and cylindrage are
cxcessively regular, always keeping the fibres parallel.
The winding on the bobbin is very uniform no matter what quantity 2
is twisted, and the removal of the bobbins is effected with the greatest
celerity and without interfering with the flyer, which reduces the
stoppages for the removal of the bobbins to a minimum.
The accompanying Drawings represent the loom in side elevation,
Fig. 1; front view, Fig. 2; and in plan, Fig. 3; Figs. 4, 5, and 6, aro 2
explanatory details.
The frame is formed of a kind of case A offering a firm seat, and on
which two sides A', A', are bolted, arranged and shaped for the recep-
tion above of the upper portion of the mechanism, and behind the shaft
for transmitting motion supplied with its governing pullies B, B, and C, 3
and two cones D and E. In front of the frame a pit is made in which
the ribbon to be twisted is placed. The ribbon fin leaving the pit
passes between the rollers or cylinders r, r¹, governed by the conc a;
their object is to supply the nipper with the requisite quantity of ribbon,
silver, or yarn, rather in excess, so as to avoid all cause of rupture by 3
suppressing traction on the ribbon. In leaving the nipper & the ribbon f.

page_text: penetrates the axis c of the drawing roller g, and reaches a second
nipper d arranged in the boss of the flyer o and a little below the guide
roller 1, Figs. 4 and 5. Thus the torsion is effected between the nipper b
invariable in its position (being bolted to the case A) and the nipper d
animated with a rotary motion. This torsion is regulated in transversing
the axis c and is completed by a passage of the thread on the drawing
roller g garnished with india-rubber or other clastic matter; this thread
directed by the guides o¹, o", solid with the movements of the flyer,
passes round the drawing roller g, from thence to present itself to the
bobbin / in passing on the rollers e¹ e¹¹, fixed on a branch of the flyer,
solid with the movements thereof.
The torsion and cylindring of the silver of material results from the
particular movements of the flyer o and the drawing roller g, and which
is effected as follows:-The shaft c pierced throughout its length receives
above the drawing roller g and below wheel gear p, it is guided by the
plumber block bracket or pedestal G, and by the axis n in which it is
arranged; this second shaft n is solid with the toothed wheel q.and is
guided by the bearings or blocks H and I; at its upper end it bears a
hollow piece m for the reception of the drawing roller g, and which is
also prolonged for the support of the flyer o. The wheel gear p and q
is actuated by the wheels t, s, the movements of which are governed by
those of the wheels t¹, 8, gearing with the great wheel L, which is
solid with the pulley M. on which the strap or band of the pulley C
passes.
с
The movements of the flyer o and roller g are thus quite independent,
and the torsion is more or less augmented by substituting larger or
smaller toothed wheels. On leaving the orifice of the axis c the thread
is nipped by a small cushion mounted at the extremity of two spring
blades & fixed to two supports screwed to the boss of the flyer, Figs. 4
and 5. From the nipper & the silver, yarn, or thread passes on the guide
roller arranged in the boss of the flyer, thence reaches the roller e
mounted on a branch or arm of the flyer, and then passes round the
drawing roller g to present itself to another roller e¹ fixed on the other
arm of the flyer, and after having passed on a final roller e", it is stored
on the bobbin ; this latter is mounted on an axis resting in an aperture
or step of the flyer, and above this axis is in communication with
the raising and lowering movement, a description of which here
follows:-

page_text: The cone D actuates by a cord the cone P which is keyed on the axis of a
pinion Q gearing with a wheel U; this latter is keyed to the axis of two
conical or bevil pinions u, u', either one or other of which are put in gear
with the wheel u" by the motion of the counterbalance lever x according
as it is borne to the right or left by the movement of the screw y
turning by the striking of a pin (fixed on the pinion u) against the
teeth of the small wheel y. The pinion u¹¹ being fixed at the end of
the screw directress of the bobbin is also animated with a regular
ascending and descending motion, and which conforms itself to the
requirements of the manufacture; the drawing along of the bobbin
being effected by the action of the spiral springs h¹, ", pressing on the
bobbin plate.
The separation of the movement described and of the bobbins is
effected by raising the lever z with cam z', which rises all the mechanism
by the action of this cam on the forked lever "; at this movement it is
easy to remove the bobbin after having freed the end of its axis from the
pivot which the flyer o presents to it, and seizing it by the handles below.
the lower springs h".
Figs. 4 and 6 show that the shaft n terminates in a kind of step' or
socket v which is lodged in the plumber block I and furnished with
spheroidal rollers on which the end of the axis n rests.
Finally, the drawing rollers r, r¹, are solid in their movements by the
pinions, The roller is furnished on its circumference with india-
rubber, and its axis is maintained only by the traction of the springs i, i,
in order to allow the silver, roving, or yarn to pass with its asperitics
and irregularities, whilst nevertheless preparing it for the action of the
nipper 6, which latter is formed of two cushions submitted to the action
of two spiral springs which may be compressed or slackened as desired
by means of the screws 61, 61.
To admit variations in the distribution of the yarn by means of the
rollers r, r¹, the cone a is mounted on a movable support which allows
full liberty of substituting for the tooth wheel K a larger or smaller one.
By varying the dimensions of the loom it is suitable for spinning silk,
or for twisting and doubling wool, cotton, and other matters, for which
the apparatus is well suited.
- I claim the construction of the loom as herein explained and illus-
trated by the accompanying Drawings, together with its applications to

page_text: F. MAIGRON. (L.S.)