IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TWISTING WOOL, COTTON, SILK, OR OTHER FIBRES BEFORE OR AFTER SPINNING
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jules Ryo, Alphonse Ryo, & Hector Ryo, of
the Firm of Ryo, Brothers, Machine Makers, Roubaix, France, and
Sidney Emsley, Agent, of Bradford, in the County of Yorkshire,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR TWISTING WOOL, COTTON, SILK, OR OTHER FIBRES BEFORE OR AFTER
SPINNING."
Sealed the 27th February 1874, and dated the 18th September 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jules Ryo, Alphonse
Ryo, Hector Ryo, and Sidney Emsley at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 18th September
1873.
We, JULES RYO, ALPHONSE RYO, & HECTOR RYO, of the Firm of
Ryo, Brothers, Machine Makers, Roubaix, France, and SIDNEY EMSLEY,
Agent, of Bradford, in the County of Yorkshire, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APParatus
FOR TWISTING WOOL, COTTON, SILK, OR OTHER FIBRES BEFORE OR AFTER SPINNING,”
to be as follows, that is to say:
Our Invention relates to improved machinery or apparatus for twisting

page_text: two or more threads together without the use of flyers, caps, rings and
cups, or any other appliance heretofore employed. For this purpose we
take two or more threads and unite them by a machine on to a bobbin
covered at one end with a thin sheet of metal (by preference brass); this
thin sheet of metal turns over the edge of the bobbin and is polished on
the edge.
We operate on the yarn in the following manner:-If the twist is
given to the right the yarn is wound on to the bobbin from left to right,
the bobbin is then placed on the spindle, to which a rotary motion is
given, the thread coming from the bobbin is drawn by a reel which is
made to turn at any required speed to suit the twist required to be
given to the yarn, the thread so drawn is obliged to receive a certain
twist in turning or sliding round the metal edge of the bobbin; the
thread being wound on the bobbin in a certain direction causes it
to remain firm and united on the bobbin, in consequence of the
resistance of the atmospheric air and does not leave the bobbin only
as it is drawn by the reel. The body of the bobbin is made thick to
allow the angle of the thread leaving the bobbin to be not too acute,
allowing the thread to unroll itself from the bobbin from top to bottom.
The resistance the thread encounters in unwinding from the bobbin
being slight allows the spindle or tube to sustain a great speed without
vibration, which no other system heretofore employed has beenable to
obtain. For this purpose we employ a spindle firmly fixed in the bar or
rail having a centre point; on this spindle rotates the tube having the
top closed, forming the bearing of the point of the spindle%3B on the
tube is fitted the wharle on which turns by friction the bobbin; the
tube and wharle not being subject to a rising or falling motion can run
at a very great speed without vibration.
Our system of twisting yarn or threads enables us to construct different
kinds of twisting frames,-
Firstly. Twisting with double reels employed alternately, making the
yarn twisted at once into hanks.
Secondly. Twisting with rollers and putting the yarn at once on the
bobbins, suitable for warping warps for weaving or making large
conical bobbins for hosiery or such purposes.
Thirdly. Twisting the yarn as it unrolls or unwinds from the bobbin
and fitted to the different kinds of twisting frames now in use.

page_text: Fourthly. Twisting the yarn as it unrolls or unwinds from the bobbin,
one half in a dry state and the other half through water, producing a
thread wet and twisted.
By the present system the yarn receives its twist after having been
drawn from the bobbins and passed the drawing rollers or upright
cylinders or any other means of drawing (we mean when the drawing
point has been passed), whereas by our system the yarn receives its
twist between the unwinding from the bobbin and the drawing point
by means of the rotation of the bobbin which contains the yarn to be
twisted giving the twist before entering the drawing rollers and after
leaving them.
Our frames with double reels enable us to save the time now required
in reeling, and allows us to take off the hanks when completed without
stopping the frame or apparatus; by this arrangement we are enabled
to increase the work done in the proportion of fifteen to twenty per
cent.
For twisting with rollers we employ a bottom and top bobbin, the
thread coming from the bottom bobbin is drawn by rollers, and from
there is wound directly on the top bobbin; this bobbin rests upon a
wharle receiving a rotary motion; the top bobbin absorbs all the thread
delivered by the rollers; the excess of speed of the wharle upon the top
bobbin is regulated by a washer by which friction is given and by which
the tension of the thread in winding itself upon the top bobbin may be
regulated at will.
We also employ our system for giving twist to carded fibres previous
to being spun, by which means we are enabled to spin short fibres with
a draft in the rollers similar to cotton, instead of being drawn out by the
spindle carriage as heretofore employed.
We also employ our system in conjunction with a warping mill, and

page_text: filed by the said Jules Ryo, Alphonse Kyo, Hector iyo, and
. Sidney Emsley in.the Great Seal Patent Office on the 17th March
1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JULES
RYO, ALPHONSE RYO, and HECTOR RYO, of the Firm of Ryo Brothers,
Machine Makers, Roubaix, France, and SIDNEY EMSLEY, Agent, of
Bradford, in the County of Yorkshire, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three; in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Jules Ryo, Alphonse Ryo, Hector Ryo, and
Sidney Emsley, Her special licence that we, the said Jules Ryo, Alphonse
Ryo, Hector Ryo, and Sidney Emsley, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Jules Ryo, Alphonse Ryo,
Hector Ryo, and Sidney Emsley, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
TWISTING WOOL, COTTON, SILK, OR OTHER FIBRES BEFORE OR AFTER SPINNING,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Jules Ryo,
Alphonse Ryo, Hector Ryo, and Sidney Emsley, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Jules Ryo, Alphonse Ryo, Hector
Ryo, and Sidney Emsley, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,

page_text: reference being had to the Drawings hereto annexed and to the figures
and letters marked thereon, that is to say :-
The said Invention relates to improved machinery or apparatus for
twisting two or more threads together without the use of flyers, caps,
rings, and cups, or any other such appliance heretofore employed. For
this purpose we take two or more threads and unite them by a machine
on to a bobbin covered at one end with a thin sheet of metal (by.
preference brass); this thin sheet of metal turns over the edge of the
bobbin and is polished on the edge.
: If the twist is
We operate on the yarn in the following manner :-
given to the right, the yarn is wound on to the bobbin from left to
right the bobbin is then placed on the spindle, to which a rotary
motion is given; the thread coming from the bobbin is drawn by a reel,
which is made to turn at a speed to suit the twist required to be given to.
the yarn; the thread so drawn receives a certain twist in turning or
sliding round the metal edge of the bobbin. The thread being wound
on the bobbin in a certain direction causes it to remain firm and united
on the bobbin in consequence of the resistance of the atmospheric air,
and only leaves the bobbin aş it is drawn by the reel. The body of the
bobbin is made thick to prevent the angle of the thread leaving the
bobbin being too acute and allowing the thread to unroll from the
bobbin from top to bottom. The resistance which the thread encounters
in unwinding from the bottom being slight allows the spindle or tube to
sustain a great speed without vibration, which no other method hereto-
fore employed has been able to attain. For this purpose we employ a
spindle firmly fixed in the bar or rail having a centre point. On this
spindle rotates the tube having the top closed forming the bearing of the
point of the spindle. On the tube is fitted the wharle on which the
bobbin turns frictionwise; the tube and wharle not being subject
to a rising or falling motion can run at a very great speed without
vibration.
Our method of twisting the yarn or threads enables us to construct

page_text: bobbins suitable for warping warps for weaving or making large conical
bobbins for hosiery or such like purposes.
Thirdly. Twisting the yarn as it unrolls or unwinds from the bobbin
and suitable for the different kinds of twisting frames now in use.
Fourthly. Twisting the yarn as it unrolls or unwinds from the bobbin,
one half in a dry state and the other half through water, producing a
thread wet and twisted.
By the present method the yarn receives its twist after having been
drawn from the bobbins, and passed the drawing rollers or upright
cylinders or other means of drawing (we mean when the drawing point
has been passed) whereas by our method the yarn receives its twist
between the unwinding from the bobbin and the drawing point by
means of the rotation of the bobbin which contains the yarn to be
twisted, giving the twist before entering the drawing rollers and after
leaving them.
Our frames with double reels enable us to save the time now required
in reeling, and allows us to take off the hanks when completed without
stopping the frame or apparatus; by this arrangement we are enabled
to increase the work done in the proportion of about fifteen to twenty
per cent.
For twisting with rollers we employ a bottom and top bobbin, the
thread coming from the bottom bobbin is drawn by rollers, and from
there is wound directly on to the top bobbin. This bobbin rests upon a
wharle receiving a rotary motion; the top bobbin absorbs all the thread
delivered by the rollers. The excess of speed of the wharle upon the
top bobbin is regulated by a washer, by which friction is given, and by
which the tension of the thread in winding upon the top bobbin may be
regulated at will.
We also employ our method for giving twist to carded fibres previously
to being spun, by which means we are enabled to spin short fibres with
a draft in the rollers similar to cotton, instead of being drawn out by the
spindle carriage as heretofore employed.
We also employ our method in conjunction with a warping mill, and
also singe the threads or yarn during the operation of twisting and
reeling.

page_text: But in order to enable our improvements to be better understood, we
will proceed to more particularly describe the same by reference to the
accompanying Drawings, in which Figure 1, Sheet I., represents an
elevation of the machine or apparatus for uniting and doubling the
threads; Figure 2, plan of same.

page_text: comes in contact with the rod M when the bobbin is at rest on the
pulley B. Underneath the throwing-off lever L, and fitted in the
lever J, is a screw ring N supporting the rod O, on which is placed the
spring P; the rod O is supported at the other end by the bracket Q
fixed to the table G. The throwing-off lever L passes a slot formed on
one side of an angular lever R fitted in a guard S, keeping the lever in
its position. The levers T, T, T, T, and T², T¹, T¹, T¹, are fitted on the
rod U on which they move. In the top levers T, T, T, T, pass the threads
to be doubled, and small weights V, V, V, V, are attached to the
levers T¹, T¹, T, T¹; an equal number of these levers is employed, as
there are threads to be doubled on a bobbin.
Should a thread break the bobbin is stopped by the following means:-
We employ a small fan W, turning easily on a shaft X, as long as there
is no breakage of the threads; but if one of the threads should break
the pressure kept up by the thread in the hook of the lever T no longer
existing, and keeping it balanced, the small weight V falls and comes in
contact with the fan W, pressing on the guard S and turning it, moving
the angular lever R and the throwing-off lever L, lifting it and releasing
the catch c from the angular lever R, allowing the spring P to act,
throwing forward the lever J, and bringing the friction roller K in con-
tact with the incline a, b, of the rocking levers E and E¹, forcing these
levers to turn upwards, lifting the bobbin C from the pulley B, and
stopping the bobbin.
The threads or yarn are placed on the bobbins Y, and pass over the
rollers Z, and under the roller Z', and also over the fixed rod Z³, passing
through the hooks T, and from there on to the bobbin C, by these means
giving a rapid union of the threads. Between the pulley B and the
levers T is placed a guide in which the threads pass.
Figure 6, Sheet 1, represents an apparatus for twisting threads with
rollers instead of reels. On an ordinary twisting frame, from which we'
remove the creel, we fix a spindle rail A, in which are fitted dead
spindles, and on which rotate tubes with wharles B; on these tubes are
placed the bobbins C. The bobbins are actuated by the wharles B, to
which a rotary motion is given by the roller, drum, or cylinder D, on
which are cords or bands E. The thread or yarn F coming from the
bobbins C slides round the metal edge of the bobbins (the construction
of which is herein-after described), and passes through guides G, and
through rollers H and I to the spindles J.

page_text: We also employ troughs fitted at the back of the rollers H and I, in
which water is placed to twist threads or yarn one half in a dry
state, and the other half through water, producing a thread wet and
twisted.
Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 2, represent our improved apparatus for
twisting wool, cotton, silk, or other fibres.
This improved apparatus consists in twisting two or more threads
together without the use of flyers, caps, rings, and cups, or other
appliance heretofore employed. For this purpose we take two or more
threads, and unite them by a machine on to a bobbin (Figures 1 and 2,
Sheet 1). The bobbin A, Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6, Sheet 2, is covered
at one end with a thin sheet of metal B (by preference brass). This
thin sheet of metal turns over the edges C, and is polished on the
edges.
We operate on the yarn in the following manner:— -If the twist is
given to the right, which is generally the case, the yarn is wound on to
the bobbin A in the direction indicated by the arrow (Figure 4, Sheet 2),
the bobbin A is then placed on the spindle D or tube D¹, to which a
rotary motion is given by means of a roller, drum, or cylinder E, on
which is a band or cord F actuating the wharle G. The thread I
coming from the bobbin A is drawn by a reel J; this reel J can be
made to turn, at any speed to suit the twist required to be given to the
yarn; the thread so drawn is obliged to receive a certain twist in turning
or sliding round the metal edge C of the bobbin A; the thread I being
wound on the bobbin A. in a certain direction causes it to remain firm
and united on the bobbin in consequence of the resistance of the atmo-
spheric air, and leaves the bobbin A only as it is drawn by the reel J.
The body of the bobbin A is made thick to prevent the angle H, H³, H2
(Figure 4, Sheet 2), of the thread I leaving the bobbin being too acute,
allowing also the thread I to unroll from the bobbin A from the top to
the bottom. The resistance which the thread encounters in unwinding
from the bobbin being slight allows the spindle D or tube D¹ to sustain
a great speed without vibration to the spindle, which no other method
heretofore employed has been able to effect. For this purpose we
employ a fixed spindle K, Figure 6, Sheet 2, firmly fixed in the bar or
rail K¹; on the spindle rotates a tube D' having the top part L closed,
through which is fitted a stud L'; this stud fits in an opening made in

page_text: the top of the spindle K forming the bearing of the spindle; on the
tube D¹ is fixed the wharle G, on which turns by friction the bobbin A;
in the bobbins are fitted bushes B¹ to reduce friction; E, drum or
cylinder driving the wharle G by means of the cord or band F, the tube
and wharle not being subject to a rising or falling motion can run at a
very great speed without vibration.
Our improved method of twisting yarn or threads enables us to con-
struct different kinds of twisting frames.
Firstly. Twisting with a double reel employed alternately and making
the yarn twisted at once into hanks.
Secondly. Twisting with rollers and putting the yarn at once on the
bobbins, suitable for warping warps, for weaving purposes, or making
large conical bobbins for hosiery, or such like purposes.
Thirdly. Twisting the yarn as it unrolls or unwinds from the bobbin,
as herein-before described, and represented in Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 2, 1
and adapted to the different kinds of twisting frames now in use.
Fourthly. Twisting the yarn as it unrolls or unwinds from the bobbin,
one half in a dry state and the other half through water, producing a
thread wet and twisted, Figure 6, Sheet 1.
By the method heretofore in use the yarn receives its twist after 2
having been drawn from the bobbins and passed the drawing rollers or
upright cylinders, or by any other means of drawing (we mean when
the drawing point has been passed), whereas by our improved method
the yarn receives its twist between the unwinding from the bobbin and
the drawing point by means of the rotation of the bobbin A which 2
contains the yarn to be twisted, giving the twist before entering the
drawing rollers and after leaving them.
:
Figure 1, Sheet 2, represents a twist frame with double reels, enabling
us to save the time now required in reeling, and allowing us to take off
the hanks when completed without stopping the frame or apparatus. 3
Supposing the frame to be in operation and the yarn being reeled on the
reel J', when the hanks are sufficiently large to be taken off, the operator
stops the frame for an instant and takes out a rod M. from the reel J',
which is fitted in a groove M¹ made the whole length in the arm N of
the reel J', the operator places the rod M on all the threads, causing 3
them to form the angle O, P, Q; these threads are then forced into the

page_text: groove M' and held fast by the rod M being pressed in; the operator
then breaks all the threads between P and Q and puts the reel J¹ in
motion, and also the frame, which is actuated by means of gearing, at
the same time he stops the reel J from which he removes the hanks
while the frame is at work. By this arrangement we are enabled to
increase the work done in the proportion of about fifteen to twenty per
cent. In the reel J is also fitted a rod M; acting in a similar manner to
the rod in the reel Jl.
The drawing rollers for twisting are also represented in Figure 1,
Sheet 2. In this case the thread I coming from the bobbin A is drawn
by the rollers R and R', and from there is wound directly on the bobbin
S; this bobbin rests upon the wharle T and receives its rotary motion
through the roller or drum U; the bobbin S absorbs all the thread
delivered by the rollers R and R'; the excess of speed of the wharle T
upon the bobbin S is regulated by a washer by which friction is given,
and by which the tension of the thread in winding upon the bobbin S
may be regulated at will; V is a guide bar having a rising and falling
motion, and which guides the threads upon the bobbin S so as to be
equally distributed.
Instead of using the bobbin S we can make a spool for weaving
purposes, or a large conical bobbin for hosiery purposes can be used, but
the guide bar V which guides the threads will have a variable motion to
suit the form of the spool or conical bobbin. This variable motion is
obtained by means of an excentric motion.
We can also use our improved method in conjunction with a warping
mill.
We can singe the thread or yarn during the operation of twisting and
reeling, as shewn in Figure 2, Sheet 2. W is a supply gas pipe, in
which are fitted branch gas pipes W₁; in these branch pipes is fixed a
O gas pipe Z having small holes through which passes the gas; the thread
or yarn coming from the bobbin A is made to pass over grooved pullies
Y and Y¹ before it passes on to the reel J.
We also employ a dead spindle, Figure 5, Sheet 2, for the purpose of
twisting a thread or threads round the thread coming from the bobbin
in the ordinary way on our apparatus. On the spindle K is fitted a
tube D' made larger in diameter than the spindle; this tube fit's on the
top of a short tube E, having a pulley F" for driving it; this short

page_text: tube E¹ is hollowed out to receive a felt washer to carry oil for lubricating
(a wharle may be used instead of the pulley F¹); the top part of the
tube E¹ is made partly conical like E to allow the bobbin by friction to
get fixed, causing the bobbin to rotate; the top tube D¹ is made of the
same size as the top part of the conical tube E³; the point of junction H³
prevents the spindle K lifting, and the bolster rail prevents it descending;
a hole is made through the spindle K and tube D¹, through which passes
a thread which receives no twist but round which is twisted a thread or
threads coming from the bobbin in the ordinary way.
Having thus described our improvements, and the best means we are
acquainted with for carrying the same into effect, what we claim is,―
Firstly. The twisting with rollers instead of reels, and twisting threads
or yarn one half in a dry state and the other half through water, sub-
stantially as herein-before described.
Secondly. The twisting two or more threads or yarns by means of
bobbins covered at one end with thin sheets of metal with double reels
and using any kind of spindle, substantially as herein-before described,
and represented in Sheet 2 of the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly. The singing threads or yarn during the process of twisting,
substantially as herein-before described.
Fourthly. The employment of our improved spindles and bobbins for
twisting or untwisting previous to draughting, slubbing, or roving in
preparing and spinning, substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Sidney Emsley, for myself and the
said Jules Ryo, Alphonse Ryo, and Hector Ryo, have hereto set
my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
Witness,
WALTER JAS. TURNER, C.E.,
Patent Agent,
Bradford.
SIDNEY EMSLEY. (L.S.)