IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES AND VARIOUS PARTS OF THE SAME, WHICH PARTS MAY BE APPLIED TO VEHICLES OF ANY DESCRIPTION
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Uriah Scott, of Camden Town, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CARRIAGES AND VARIOUS PARTS OF THE SAME, WHICH PARTS MAY BE APPLIED TO
VEHICLES OF ANY DESCRIPTION."
Sealed the 16th August 1859, and dated the 23rd February 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Uriah Scott at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd February 1859.
1, URIAH SCOTT, of Camden Town, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CARRIAGES AND VARIOUS PARTS OF THE SAME, WHICH PARTS MAY BE APPLIED
TO VEHICLES OF ANY DESCRIPTION," to be as follows:-
The improvement in carriages consists in the application of felt, gutta
percha, india-rubber, or other soft material, in combination with metal, in
making various parts of carriages.
First, the improvement consists in making carriage steps to open and shut
by the action of the door. I make a frame of any material, and fix two rods
from the back to the front. I then make a small frame with sockets lined
with felt, leather, or other soft material, to prevent their rattling while gliding
on the rods. I then fix an iron frame with a step to the moveable frame. I
then fix a lever crank to the door of the carriage and the other end to the
travelling frame with the sockets, and when the carriage door is opened, the
step will drop out, and when shut it will go back into its place.
Secondly, making of iron shafts to carriages of hollow, half round, square,
oval, or other suitable shape, and placing felt, gutta percha, or other soft

page_text: material in the hollow formed by the half round or other shaped iron, which
will prevent the edges of the metal rubbing the sides of the horse.
Thirdly, making of bufter springs to railway carriages of felt, india-rubber,
or other suitable-material. I fill an iron buffer case with felt or other soft
material about half way up, and allowing the plunger to act on the felt, it
will prevent or lessen concussion. I use a tensile india-rubber spring to bring
the plunger out again more rapid than the felt would act alone.
Fourthly, in making buffer spings to prevent or lessen the recoil of the
buffer head I adopt the following-plan: I take one or more pieces of
india-rubber, and place them in a buffer case against the sides towards
the bottom. I then place a smaller case cut in two in the inside of the buffer
case, so as to press against the, india-rubber. I then make a plunger of
.a wedge shape with a buffer head attached, so that when the plunger is driven
in, it will compress the india-rubber between the sides of the two cases, the
outer and the inner ones, and by the plunger being made taper or wedge
shape, it will come back again to its position when the pressure is taken away
without much recoiling.
Fifthly, in making metal sockets and lining them with felt or other
soft material, and placing a ferule in the centre of the felt or other material;
to prevent the bolt wearing away the felt, they can be applied to the ends
of springs, and to join springs to each other, or to be fixed to the body of the
carriage to join the springs to.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Uriah. Scott in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
23rd August 1859.
TO ALL TO. WHOM THESE. PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, URIAH
SCOTT, of Camden Town, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand-eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and succèssors, give and grant unto me,
the said Uriah Scott, Her special licence that: I, the said Uriah Scott, my
'exécutors, administrators, and assigns; or such otliers as I, the said 'Uriaḥ
Scott, my executors, administrators, and assigns, sliould at any time agree
with, and no others; from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed; should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,

page_text: and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an. Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS ;; IN
CARRIAGES AND VARIOUS PARTS OF THE SAME, WHICH PARTS MAY BE APPLIED TO
VEHICLES OF ANY DESCRIPTION,"upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Uriah Scott, ny executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately, after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Uriah Scott, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and. by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
My improvement consists in the application of felt, gutta percha, india,
rubber, or other suitable material, in combination with metal, in making
various parts of carriages.
.. First, my improvements cousist in making carriage steps to open and shut
by the action of the carriage door.
Fig. 1 shows a part plan of a carriage with floor removed, and the steps in
position; a, a, frame of wood or other material; b,b, two guide rods fixed to
the back and front of the same; c, metal frame lined with felt or leather, to
prevent its rattling while gliding ou guide rods b,b; d,d, iron frame with two
steps e, e, working in the moveable frame c; ff;bent lever, one end being
fixed to the back of moveable frame c, and the other end thereof; to the
carriage door. Fig. 2, part plan showing the step with the door open, and the
step out; a, a, is the fixed frame; b, b, the guide rods; .c, the. travelling
frame; d, d, step frame; e, e, bent lever.; f, one end fixed to frame.c, and the
other end fixed to door g.
...
Secondly, I make iron shafts for carriages, of hollow, half, round, square,
oval, or other shaped metal, and I place felt, gutta percha, or other suitable
material. in the hollow formed by the half round or other shaped metal.
Fig. 3 is a side elevation of a shaft so made. Fig. 4, a section through, line
C, D; a is the hollow iron case; b, lining of gutta percha or other material,
to fill up the hollow.
Thirdly, I make buffering, bearing, and draw springs for railway and other
carriages of felt, india-rubber, leather, or other suitable material with metal;
when using felt or similar material, I fill the buffer case about half-way up;
and allow the plunger to act on the felt, to prevent or lessen concussion;

page_text: sometimes I use a spiral steel spring, or a india-rubber tensile spring, or
a layer of india-rubber and a layer of felt, to bring the plunger out again more
rapid than felt wouldactalone. For constructing an outside buffer with a view
to prevent or lessen the power of the recoil, I adopt the following plan:-I
take two pieces or more of india-rubber of any suitable shape, and place them
inside a case or cylinder, so as to form an elastic lining round or partly round
the sides. I then place a smaller case or cylinder, cut in two or more
segments in the inside of the elastic lining, so as to press against the same. I
tlien make a plunger of a taper or wedge shape with a buffer head attached,
so that when the plunger is driven in, it will compress the elastic lining
between the two cases or cylinders, viz, the outer and the inner ones, and by
the plunger being made taper or wedge-shaped, it will return again to its
position when the pressure is taken away from the same without much recoil.
Fig. 5 shows an outside buffer in longitudinal section; a is the exterior
cylinder or case; b, b, the elastic lining; c, c, inside case or cylinder in two
parts pressing against the india-rubber; d,d, taper or wedge-shaped plunger;
e, buffer head; f, bolt to keep plunger and buffer case together; g, felt
to prevent plunger from striking bottom of case. Fig. 6 is a cross section at
A, B; a, a, outside cylinder; b, b, elastic lining; c, c, case pressing against
the same; d, d, wedge-shaped plunger; f, bolt to fix plunger and outside case
together. Fig. 7 is a longitudinal section of an outside buffer, showing the
elastic material differently arranged. The letters of reference are the same as
at Fig. 5. Fig. 8' is a longitudinal section of an inside buffer, with india-
rubber and metal springs combined, placed within the carriage framing; a, a,
metal frame; b, b, india-rubber; c, c, metal springs; d, d, metal plates
for plunger to work against; e, e, wedged-shaped plunger; f, buffer rod.
Fig. 9, plan of the same; a, metal frame; f, buffer rod. The principle upon
which these buffers are constructed is as follows, viz:-When the buffer head
is driven in, the wedge-shaped plunger will return to its place again without
exerting in the recoil the force that was required to drive it in; in making
bearing'springs I use india-rubber in tension and compression, combined with
felt, leather, and metal. Fig. 10 is a side elevation of a bearing spring with
the tensile action of india-rubber; a, a, metal frame; b, b, b, b, elastic sockets
for guide rods; c, c; guide rods; d, d, india-rubber tension springs; e, e, iron
bracket to connect india-rubber a, a; f, f, cross iron, bearing on tension
springs and fixed to guide rods. Fig. 11 is a side elevation of a bearing
spring with india-rubber in tension and compression; a, a, metal frame;
b, b, b; b, elastic sockets for guide rods; c, c, guide rod; d, d, india-rubber in
compressión;"", 'bolts to connect india-rubber to frame. a, a; fiƒ, metal bar

page_text: to connect india-rubber to frame a, a; g, g, cross-piece bearing on tension
spring. Fig. 12 shows the end of a carriage bearing spring partly in section;
c, iron frame; b, elastic socket for guide rod; o, steel spring; d, guide rod;
e, leather or felt brace to connect iron frame a with steel spring c. Fig. 13
shows a side elevation of a bearing spring made of iron, and the tensile action
of india-rubber; a, iron frame in two parts; b, b, elastic sockets for guide
rods; c, guide rods; d, d, india-rubber tension springs.
Fourthly, I make metal sockets and shackles with lugs, also bearings
of metal of any shape required, and line them with felt or india-rubber, or
both combined, or other suitable material; these shackles or bearings can be
applied to the ends of springs, and to isolate the bodies of carriages and frame-
work from each other, and to isolate the break blocks in railway breaks, and
the axel box from the axel guard, so as to isolate with elastic material metal
from metal, or metal from wood. Fig. 14 is an end view, and Fig. 15
a section of a double shackle; a, a, outside metal case; b, b, felt lining; c, c,
india-rubber lining; d, d, metal or leather socket to prevent the bolt wearing
the india-rubber. Fig. 16 is a side view of a double shackle, and Fig. 17 is a
section of the same, which may be used with or without a leather or metal
socket; a, a, metal band; b, b, felt and india-rubber combined; c, c, leather
socket; Fig. 18 is an end view, and Fig. 19 a plan of a single shackle for the
ends of springs; a, outside case of metal; b, slot to receive the end of spring;
c, felt lining; d, india-rubber; c, socket for bolt. Fig. 20 is a section of a
shackle or coupling with metaland india-rubber; a, a, outside band of metal;
b, b, india-rubber. Fig. 21 is an end, and Fig. 22 a side view of a shackle to
be used as a single or cross shackle; a, a, metal band with lugs for bolts; c,
india-rubber lining. Fig. 23 is a side view, and Fig. 24 a plan of a bearing
for carriage bodies, railway break blocks, and axel guards; a, a, outside
metal case; b, elastic packing; c, c, metal bearing to isolate one part of a
carriage from each other. Fig. 25 is a full size section of an elastic socket,
to isolate metal guide rods in the manner shown at Figs. 10, 11, 12, and 13;
a, a, is part of a metal spring frame; b, india-rubber packing; c, metal socket
with flanges; d, d, felt or leather socket.
In witness whereof, I, the said Uriah Scott, bave hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-third day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
URIAH SCOTT. (L.S.)