AN IMPROVED IMPLEMENT FOR CRUSHING CLODS AND PULVERIZING THE SURFACE D- ALSO CONVERTIBLE INTO A PRESS WHEEL ROLLER
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Cartwright, of Shrewsbury, in the County of
Salop, Agricultural Implement Manufacturer, for the Invention of " AN
IMPROVED IMPLEMENT FOR CRUSHING CLODS AND PULVERIZING THE SURFACE
D-
"
Sealed the 29th September 1859, and dated the 30th March 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Cartwright at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th March 1859.
I, JOHN CARTWRIGHT, of Shrewsbury, in the County of Salop, Agricultural
Implement Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED IMPLEMENT FOR CRUSHING CLODS AND PULVERIZING THE SURFACE
SOIL, ALSO CONVERTIBLE INTO A PRESS WHEEL ROLLER," to be as follows:-
This Invention applies to such clod crushers as are made of a number of
loose rings mounted side by side, and is constructed as follows:-The rings or
sections are all serrated, the teeth being somewhat in the form of those of a
saw with the points flattened, having one side perpendicular or nearly so, and
the other side an inclined plane. The boss of each alternate ring runs loosely
upon the central axle, and upon the arms thereof (about one-third from the
centre) is cast a concentric ring, upon which the intermediate serrated ring or
section runs very loosely, the central hole being larger in diameter than the
ring. These intermediate serrated rings may be either of the same external
diameter or larger than those which run on the axle, and are to be about one
half the width of the latter, or less.

page_text: In clod crushing and pulverizing, the serrated rings or sections are so
mounted that the points of the teeth first strike the ground; but in order to
convert this implement into a press wheel roller for rolling in young wheat or
other purposes, it is necessary that the inclined side of the teeth should precede
the points; and to effect this, I make the brackets which support the ends of
the central axle with loose caps, so that all that is necessary to convert the
implement into a press wheel roller is to remove the caps, and reverse the
position of the frame and shafts.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Cartwright in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
80th September 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
CARTWRIGHT, of Shrewsbury, in the County of Salop, Agricultural Implement
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Cartwright, Her special licence that I, the said John Cartwright,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John
Cartwright, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED IMPLE-
MENT FOR CRUSHING CLODS AND PULVERIZING THE SURFACE SOIL, ALSO CONVERTIBLE
INTO A PRESS WHEEL ROLLER," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said John Cartwright, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Cartwright, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-

page_text: lowing statement in writing, and on reference to the accompanying Drawings,
that is to say :-
This Invention applies to such clod crushers as are made of a number of
loose rings, mounted side by side, and is constructed as follows:-The rings or
sections are all serrated, the teeth being somewhat in the form of those of a
saw, with the points flattened, having one side perpendicular or nearly so, and
the other side an inclined plane. The boss of each alternate ring runs loosely
upon the central axle, and upon the arms thereof is cast or otherwise fixed a
concentric ring, upon which the intermediate serrated ring or section runs very
loosely, the central hole being larger in diameter than the ring. These inter-
mediate serrated rings may be either of the same external diameter or larger
than those which run on the axle, and are to be about one-half the width of
the latter, or less.
In clod crushing and pulverizing, the serrated rings or sections are so
mounted that the points of the teeth first strike the ground; but in order to
convert this implement into a press wheel roller for rolling in young wheat or
other purposes, it is necessary that the inclined side of the teeth should
precede the points; and to effect this I make the brackets which support the
ends of the central axle with loose caps, so that all that is necessary to convert
the implement into a press wheel roller is to remove the caps, and reverse the
position of the frame and shafts.
In order that my Invention may be perfectly understood, and to explain the
same more in detail, I have annexed hereunto a Sheet of Drawings illustrative
of my improvements, and have marked thereon figures and letters of reference
corresponding with those in the following explanation thereof.
Figure 1 in the Drawing is a plan or horizontal view of my improved
implement as seen from above, and Figure 2 is a side view of the same.
A, A, represents the wooden frame and shafts, to the former of which the
iron brackets B, B, which carry the axle C, C, are bolted.
It will be seen on referring to Figure 8, which is a side view of two of the
rings or sections, that each alternate ring or section D has a concentric ring E
cast or fixed to its arins, and that the intermediate section or ring F runs very
Inosely thereon, its central eye or ring G being larger than the ring E (see also
detached plan view, Figure 4, in which the ring or section F is shewn in
section); or the boss of the section D may be enlarged for the section F to
run on. The ring or section D itself runs freely on the axle C, C.
It will be seen in the Drawing that all the rings or sections are serrated,
the teeth being in the form of those of a saw, and that the sections F which
run loosely on the concentric rings E of the sections D are half (or less than

page_text: half) the breadth of the sections D, and aro. rather larger in diameter, but
they may, if preferred, be of the same external diameter.
It will be evident from the above description, anil on reference to the
Drawings, that when the implement is mounted as described and drawn over
the land in the direction of the arrow, the clods will be broken and the soil
pulverized by the action of the teeth, the points of the teeth first striking tho
ground; but when it is desired to convert the implement into a press wheel
roller, all that is necessary to be done is to remove the caps II, H, of the
brackets B, and (leaving the axle C, C, and sections D and F on the ground)
to reverse the position of the shafts and frame A, A. The roller will then
revolve in the opposite direction, and the inclined side of the teeth first meet
the ground.
Having now described the nature and object of my said Invention for "An
Improved Implement for Crushing Clods and Pulverizing the Surface Soil,
also convertible into a Press Wheel Roller," together with the manner of
carrying the same into practical effect, I would remark, in conclusion, that
I claim as my Invention tho peculiar form, construction, and arrangement of
the implement for the said purposes, as above set forth, and shewn in the
Drawings. And more especially I claim the use of the rings or sections with
the serrated or saw-formed teeth, and the concentric rings E, whether used
separately or in combination with each other, as well as the method of con-
verting the implement into a press wheel roller by reversing the frame and
shafts.
In witness whereof, I, tho said John Cartwright, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.