IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO- MAGNETIC ENGINES OR MOTORS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th June 1873.-A communication from abroad by John Duff
Wallace, of the City and State of New York, United States of
America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-
MAGNETIC ENGINES OR MOTORS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists partly in a peculiar construction of the
magnets of broken annular sections, which, while reducing the electrical
coils to their minimum as regards dynamical values, also present a
figure peculiarly well adapted to their mechanical disposition in the
construction of rotary motors, likewise conduce to the utilization of the
electrical attraction and repulsion of the coils; and the Invention further-
more includes a novel operation of a permutator whereby the motion of the
motor is controlled, its speed or power being varied by the simultaneous
rise and fall or change in position of the current wheels.

page_text: The fulcrum or fixed magnets are parallelogrammic bars whose breadth
should equal their length as two to three. The poles of the bars are
formed at right angles to their planes. The web and poles are mado
convex and concave according to the radius of the circle of which the
magnets are to form a part.
Supposing the circle to contain six magnets, the coils will be wound
around the cores, three in one direction and three in the opposite
direction, and one end of each coil will be fastened to a common ring.
The opposite ends of the coils will terminate in a corresponding ring, and
battery connection is made with these rings by means of suitable
conductors.
Within the circle of the fulcrum or fixed magnets is mounted a
series of magnets precisely similar to those just described, and having a
convex radius on their polar faces coinciding with the concave radius of
the fulcrum magnets. These magnets are bolted to flanged plates
which are secured to a central driving shaft which is mounted in
suitable bearings. One end of the coils of this series of magnets is
electrically connected with their several cores, and the other ends of the
coils are attached to a ring which is itself connected with an insulated
rod that is centered in the driving shaft.
The ends of the coils which connect with the cores of the magnets
communicate with one section of a permutating wheel mounted on
one end of the driving shaft, and the other section of this wheel
connects through the insulated rod before mentioned with the opposite
ends of the coils. Thus one section of the permutator represents the
aggregated ends of one pole of the magnet's coils, and the other section the
aggregated ends of the opposite poles of the magnet's coils. The electrical
currents are brought on to the permutator by means of a pair of current
wheels which are mounted on insulated standards pivotted to the opposite
ends of a pair of rock levers and embrace the permutator. On the axle
of these rock levers is a sector rock, in the teeth of which gears a worm,
the turning of which will tip the rock levers and adjust the current
wheels relatively to the permutator. Bearing upon the insulated
standards are spring binders, which, besides holding the current wheels
in contact with the permutator act as conductors. The conductors
attached to the rings of the fixed magnets are connected to a pole
changer which is used only when it is desired to reverse the motion of

page_text: the motor. When the motor is connected to the battery the current is
made to traverse the fulcrum magnets, and thence it finds its way up one
of the standards carrying the current wheels to the permutator. From
this it passes to the moveable magnets mounted on the driving shaft,
and traversing around these magnets it passes by one operation of the
permutator down the other standard, and by the binding spring pressing
thereon to the opposite pole of the battery. The speed of the revolving
magnets may be adjusted by means of the worm and sector rack.
The winding of the coils of the magnets or broken annular magnet
sections in opposite directions gives opposite polarity to the magnets in
the order of their positions relatively to each other, a condition of things
which gives a simultaneous attraction and repulsion of both magnetic
and electrical action.