Improvements in the Manufacture of Refractory Materials and Bricks, and other Fire Resisting Articles Suitable for Lining Furnaces and Convertors and for other Uses.
Year: 1885

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Refractory Materials and
Bricks, and other Fire Resisting Articles Suitable for Lining
Furnaces and Convertors and for other Uses.
I WILLIAM JOHN ALEXANDER DONALD of N° 2 Belgrave Terrace, Hillhead
Glasgow Secretary and General Manager of The Eglinton Chemical Company
Limited Glasgow in the County of Lanark Scotland do hereby declare the nature
of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF REFRACTORY
MATERIALS AND BRICKS AND OTHER FIRE RESISTING ARTICLES SUITABLE FOR
LINING FURNACES AND CONVERTORS AND FOR OTHER USES" to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of refractory
materials and bricks and other fire resisting articles suitable for lining furnaces
and convertors and for other uses.
This
For this purpose I take bauxite or the substance known as Irish bauxite or
alum clay and calcine it I then grind or pulverise the calcined material with such
a quantity of a "milk of lime" as may be required to produce a pasty mass.
product may be used for the lining and cementing of furnaces and convertors and
other apparatus used in metallurgical and chemical processes and in the manu-
facture of refractory bricks furnace hearths retorts crucibles and other similar fire
resisting articles particularly those in which the presence of much or any silica is
disadvantageous.
Before exposing this refractory material whether it be in the form of furnace
lining or cement or bricks or other products thereof to the action of intense heat
it should be allowed to dry gradually.
In using it for the production of bricks or other firing resisting media I dry the
bricks or other products (which I prefer to mould under pressure) gradually and
then "burn" them in a kiln such as that used for burning Dinas or silica bricks in
which a high temperature can be obtained.
The calcined bauxite or "alum clay " may in some cases be mixed with a small
proportion (of say 1°/。 to about 10°/) of uncalcined clay.
"
I prefer to use a " bauxite ог "alum clay" as free as possible from iron silica
and alkalies.
In some cases I employ chrome ore-I take "chrome ore" and grind it down to
the state of coarse sand I then take a portion of this ground ore and grind it into

page_text: "
dust. The coarse and fine chrome ore thus obtained; I mix thoroughly together
in the proportion of about 90% of the former to about 10% of the latter and
pass the mass into a mortar mill or other suitable mixing apparatus and add to it
gradually while it is being mixed a "milk of lime' or a "milk of ground
bauxite" or "alum clay" raw or calcined or a "milk or solution of any other
suitable kind, continuing to add this until the mass becomes pasty when it
becomes very suitable for the lining and cementing of furnaces and convertors
bricks and other apparatus used in metallurgical and chemical processes and in
the manufacture of refractory bricks, furnace hearths, retorts, crucibles and other
similar fire resisting articles-I find materials or bricks thus made can be applied
with advantage to the lining of furnaces such as chrome ore furnaces and furnaces
use in the production of potash or soda salts to be used for the production of
chromates of these salts.
Before exposing this refractory material whether it be in the forin of furnace
linings or cement or brick or other products thereof to the action of intense heat it
should be allowed to dry gradually.
In using it for the production of bricks or other fire resisting media I dry the
bricks or the products (which I prefer to mould under pressure) gradually and
then "burn them in a kiln such as that used for burning Dinas or silica bricks in
which a high temperature can be obtained.
"
I prefer to use chrome ore which contains from 50 to 57% of oxide of chromium
and which is as free as possible from silica.

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of. Refractory Materials and
Bricks, and other Fire Resisting Articles Suitable for Lining
Bricks, and other Fire Resisting Articles Suitable for Lining
Furnaces and Convertors, and for other Uses.
I, WILLIAM JOHN ALEXANDER DONALD of N° 2 Belgrave Terrace, Hillhead,
Glasgow Secretary and General Manager of The Eglinton Chemical Company
Limited, Glasgow in the County of Lanark Scotland do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of refractory
materials and bricks and other fire resisting articles suitable for lining furnaces
and convertors and for other uses.
For this purpose I take bauxite or the substance known as Irish bauxite or
alum clay and calcine it-I then grind or pulverise the calcined material with
such a quantity of a milk of lime" as may be required to produce a pasty mass.
This product may be used for the lining and cement of furnaces and convertors
and other apparatus used in metallurgical and chemical processes and in the
manufacture of refractory bricks, furnace hearths, retorts, crucibles, and other
similar fire resisting articles particularly those in which the presence of much or
any silica is disadvantageous.
Before exposing this refractory material whether it be in the form of furnace
lining or cement or bricks or other products thereof to the action of intense heat
it should be allowed to dry gradually.
In using it for the production of bricks or other fire resisting media I dry the
bricks or other products (which I prefer to mould under pressure) gradually and
then "burn them in a kiln such as that used for burning Dinas or silica bricks
in which a high temperature can be obtained.
"
"
The calcined bauxite or alum clay may in some cases be mixed with a small
proportion (of say 1% to about 10%) of uncalcined clay.
I prefer to use a "bauxite" or "alum clay" as free as possible from iron silica
and alkalies.
In some cases employ chrome ore; I take "chrome ore" and grind it down to
the state of coarse sand-I then take a portion of this ground ore and grind it
into dust. The coarse and fine chrome ore thus obtained I mix thoroughly
together in the proportion of about 90% of the former to about 10% of the
latter and pass the mass into a mortar mill or other suitable mixing apparatus and
add to it gradually while it is being mixed a "milk of lime
" or a "milk" of
ground bauxite or "alum clay" raw or calcined, or a "milk" or solution of any
other suitable kind, continuing to add this until the mass becomes pasty. I prefer
to add also from 2 to 5 per cent of fibrous material asbestos fibre or jute may be
used; it serves to render the material more cohesive whilst drying. This material
is very suitable for the lining and cementing of furnaces and convertors bricks
and other apparatus used in metallurgical and chemical processes and in the manu-
facture of refractory bricks, furnace hearths, retorts, crucibles and other similar tire

page_text: resisting articles--I find materials or bricks thus made can be applied with
advantage to the lining of furnaces such as chrome ore furnaces and furnaces used
in the production of potash or soda salts to be used for the production of chromates
of these salts.
Before exposing this refractory material whether it be in the form of furnace
linings or cement or brick or other products thereof to the action of intense heat
it should be allowed. to dry gradually.
In using it for the production of bricks or other fire resisting media I dry the
bricks or the products (which I prefer to mould under pressure) gradually and
then "burn
them in a kiln such as that used for burning Dinas or silica bricks in
which a high temperature can be obtained.
I prefer to use chrome ore which contains from 50 to 57% of oxide of chromium
and which is as free as possible from silica.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
(1.) The manufacture of a refractory material applicable as a furnace lining and
for other uses from bauxite, Irish bauxite or alum clay by calcining the same, then
grinding or pulverising the same and mixing it into a pasty mass with milk of
lime substantially as described.
(2.) The manufacture of refractory bricks retorts, crucibles, and other fire
resisting articles by moulding them in the refractory material made as above
from bauxite, Irish bauxite or alum clay and then burning the articles in a kiln
substantially as described.
(3.) The manufacture of a refractory material applicable as a furnace lining
and for other uses by mixing coarse and finely ground chrome ore into a pasty
mass with milk of lime or other like inilk or solution substantially as described.
(4.) The manufacture of refractory bricks retorts crucibles and other fire
resisting articles by moulding them in the refractory material made as above from
chrome ore and then burning the articles in a kiln substantially as described.
1 1 Cox