Improvements in the Construction and Working of Machinery or Apparatus in which Chucks, Face Plates, or Tool Holders are Employed for Turning, Boring, and like Operations.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Nov., 1886
Complete Left, 29th Aug., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 21st Oct., 1887
Improvements in the Construction and Working of Machinery or
Apparatus in which Chucks, Face Plates, or Tool Holders are
Employed for Turning, Boring, and like Operations.
I, PERCY RUSKIN ALLEN, of 35 Mall Road, Hammersmith, in the County of
Middlesex, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to he
as follows:-
:-
This invention has reference to machinery or apparatus in which chucks, face plates,
or tool holders are employed for turning, boring, and like operations, such as drilling
and tapping, and has for its object to effect economy by lessening to a considerable
extent the duration of the interruption in working of a machine that ordinarily occurs
between the completion of one piece of work and the commencement of another.
To this end my invention comprises improved means of attaching chucks, face plates,
or tool holders to the spindles of machine tools whereby they are enabled to be very
quickly attached and removed; and the use of special apparatus whereby the work
or the tools may be centered to run true in the chucks, so that whilst one piece of
work is being operated upon in the machine, another piece may be centered in readi-
ness to be placed in the machine, and so on. The chuck or its equivalent in one
arrangement is attached to the spindle by a bayonet joint; or according to another
arrangement male and female threads with portions cut away or tapering threads are
employed.
In some cases where it is desired to be able to drive in either direction without
loosening the chuck or face plate an eccentric locking device is arranged in connection
with the chuck or face plate spindle and with a ring through which it can be unlocked
by the releasing mechanism.
In the case of a drill holder, a conical boss is provided in which is a spiral or inclined
recess; when this boss is inserted in the spindle, a finger or locking device engages
with the recess, this finger forming one arm of a kind of bell crank lever, in connection
with which is a spring that tends normally to force the finger towards the boss by
partially rotating the holder it is locked in position. A small plunger or pin is provided,.
by pressing which the finger can be moved out of engagement with the recess in the
boss. In the case of either of the other above described arrangements by endwise
ED 1

page_text: movement and a partial rotation, or vice versâ, the chuck or its equivalent can be
readily attached or removed.
To enable the releasing to be readily effected, there is arranged in connection with
the belt shifting gear, apparatus that applies a brake to the spindle, and releases the
chuck, so that when a suitable lever handle or hand wheel is moved, the belt is shifted,
the spindle is stopped, and the chuck is disengaged, and can then be freely removed
from the spindle.
Several arrangements of apparatus according to my invention may be employed for
this purpose.
In one arrangement there is a sleeve on the spindle, such sleeve being
formed with a part spiral or incline, so as when moved endwise to produce motion in
a rotary sense of the chuck or face plate.
In some cases the brake is applied, a pawl locks the spindle, and another pawl
carried by the hand lever acts upon the chuck or face plate to release it. In certain
modifications the locking pawl is dispensed with. According to another arrangement
the hand lever applies a brake, causes a pawl to lock the spindle, and another pawl to
engage with and release the chuck or face plate. The hand lever may apply a brake
and move a worm into gear with a worm wheel or segment on the chuck or face plate
which can then be readily released by a partial rotation of the worm.
Where very rapid change of chucks is desired, (as in high speed drills and the
like), instead of stopping the spindle to remove the chuck the latter is caused to
rotate relatively faster than the spindle until it attains a position in which it may
be readily removed endways. For this purpose there is employed according to one
arrangement a bowl or pulley that is brought inio contact with the chuck and, being
driven faster than the spindle, advances the chuck relatively to the spindle's nose when
required.
In another arrangement there is adapted to a handle that has to be operated to
release the chuck or face plate, a supplementary handle with locking device such as
to ensure that when the handles are grasped the belt or strap shall be shifted, before
by a further movement of the handles, the chuck or face plate is released from the
spindle.
Such an arrangement may be applied in a suitable form to other modifications of
apparatus according to my invention hereinabove described.
For centering one piece of work whilst another is being operated upon, according
to one arrangement a dummy spindle is provided at the side of the machine to which
a chuck can be secured by any suitable means such as any of those above described,
and in connection with this dummy spindle there is arranged a pivotted centering
finger or pointer. According to another arrangement the lathe head stock may have
a dummy spindle arranged parallel with the working spindle, a centering finger or
pointer being provided in connection therewith, or the dummy centering apparatus
may according to my method of working be entirely separate from the machine, and
may be arranged vertically, being mounted in an upright frame provided with a
centering finger or pointer.
Dat : 9741 L of N1002
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in the Construction and Working of Machinery or
Apparatus in which Chucks, Face Plates, or Tool Holders are
Employed for Turning, Boring, and like Operations.
I, PERCY RUSKIN ALLEN, of 35, Mall Road, Flammersmith, in the County of
Middlesex, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has reference to machinery or apparatus in which chucks, face plates,
or tool holders are employed for turning, boring, and like operations, such as drilling
and tapping, and has for its object to effect economy by lessening to a considerable
extent the duration of the interruption in working of a machine that ordinarily
occurs between the completion of one piece of work and the commencement of another.
To this end my invention comprises improved means of attaching chucks, face plates,
or tool holders to the spindles of machine tools whereby they are enabled to be very
quickly attached or removed; and the use of special apparatus whereby the work or
the tool may be centered to run true in the chucks, so that whilst one piece of work
is being operated upon in the machine, another piece may be centered in readiness to
be placed in the machine, and so on. The chuck or its equivalent in one arrange-
ment is attached to the spindles by a bayonet joint; such an arrangement is illustrated
in Figs. 1. 2. 3. and 4 of the accompanying drawings in which the method of
attaching a face plate or chuck by means of a bayonet joint is shewn. a is a pin
fixed in the lathe spindle. c. While the chuck or face plate has a slot cut in it so
that when it is turned in one direction relatively to the spindle it is drawn tightly
up on the nose of the spindle and when turned in the other direction it is free to be
removed. Fig. 3 is a section in which the nose is shewn parallel and in fig. 4 the
nose is shown tapering.
According to another arrangement male and female threads with portions cut away
are employed.
Figs. 5. 6. and 7, illustrate such an arrangement in which the chuck is secured
by means of screwed threads in the chuck and also on the spindle nose portions of
each of these threads being cut away so that the chuck can be slipped nearly all the
way on the spindle without any screwing movement and the threads are then caused
to lock together by turning the chuck relatively to the spindle. Fig. 6 shews the
chuck attached as when at work and fig. 7 shows it turned relatively to the spindle,
ready to be removed. d shows the segments of screw thread on the spindle and e on
the chuck.
In some cases where it is desired to be able to drive in either direction without
loosening the chuck or face plate an excentric locking device is arranged in connection
with the chuck or face plate spindle and with a ring through which it can be unlocked
by the releasing mechanism.
Figs. 10. 11 and 12 show an arrangement of this kind by which the chuck can be
readily removed but the lathe can be driven in either direction without loosening it
on the spindle; the spindle nose and the chuck h, may have their locking or engaging
portions according to any of the methods previously described but the chuck has a
stud on it carrying the pawl k which bites into a grove ; on the spindle being so
arranged that while it permits the chuck to screw up on the spindle it prevents it

page_text: turning back unless the pawl is lifted out of gear. When it is desired to accomplish
this the chuck releasing mechanism is caused to act on a ratchet wheel in which turns
freely on the chuck and carries a pin which comes in contact with the tail of the
pawl and lifts it free from the groove the continued movement of the ratchet
wheel m then causes the chuck to rotate relatively to the spindle and it is then free
to be removed.
In the case of a drill holder, a conical boss is provided in which is a spiral or
inclined recess, when this boss is inserted in the spindle, a finger or locking device
engages with the recess, this finger forming one arm of a kind of bell crank lever,
in connection with which is a spring that tends normally to force the finger towards
the boss by partially rotating the holder it is locked in position. A small plunger
or pin is provided by pressing which the finger can be moved out of engagement
with the recess in the boss. In the case of either of the other above described
arrangements endwise movement and a partial rotation or vice versa, the chuck or its
equivalent can be readily attached or removed.
Such a modification is shewn in figs. 13 and 14 in which the drill holder or chuck
has a conical boss n formed upon it and this has a spiral groove or recess formed
on it and when the chuck is inserted in the end of the spindle p a cranked lever g
enters the groove in the boss of the chuck and owing to the groove being spiral the
greater the resistance to the revolution of the chuck the tighter it locks; when it is
wished to remove the chuck the plunger s is pressed in, this compresses the spring
that holds the bell crank levers into the groove and at the same time the short arm is
withdrawn from the groove the long arm presses the top of the boss and tends to
eject the chuck from the spindle. Fig. 14 shews the plunger pressed against the
frame of the machine and the chuck ready for removal.
To enable the releasing to be readily effected, there is arranged in connection with
the belt shifting gear, apparatus that applies a brake to the spindle and releases the
chuck, so that when a suitable lever or hand wheel is moved, the belt is shifted, the
spindle is stopped, and the chuck is disengaged, and can then be freely removed from
the spindle.
Several arrangements of apparatus according to my invention may be employed for
this purpose.
In one arrangement there is a sleeve on the spindle such sleeve being
formed with a part spiral or incline, so as when moved end wise to produce motion in
a notary sense of the chuck or face plate.
A convenient appliance made according to this modification is illustrated in figs. 15.
16. 17 in which the spindle nose carries a sleeve which while it rotates with the
spindle has also an end long motion controlled by the handle wa portion of this sleeve
is cut away at a so as to form an incline which acts upon a pin or projection y on the
chuck thus when the sleeve is forced forward it causes the chuck to turn slightly
relatively to the spindle and thus can be readily removed, the handle w is connected
with belt shifting mechanism not shewn in the drawings & may simultaneously apply
a brake to stop the spindle.
In some cases when the brake is applied, a pawl locks the spindle, and another pawl
carried by the hand lever acts upon the chuck or face plate to release it. In certain
modifications the locking pawl is dispensed with. According to another arrangement
the hand lever applies a brake, causes a pawl to lock the spindle, and another pawl to
engage with and release the chuck or face plate. The hand lever may apply a brake
and move a worm into gear with a worm wheel or segment on the chuck or face
plate which can be readily released by a partial rotation of the worm.
Where very rapid change of chucks is desired, (as in high speed drills and the like)
instead of stopping the spindle to remove the chuck the latter is caused to rotate
relatively faster than the spindle until it attains a position in which it may be readily
removed end ways. For this purpose there is employed according to one arrangement
a bowl or pulley that is brought into contact with the chuck and being driven faster
than the spindle, advances the chuck relatively to the spindles nose when required.
In another arrangement there is adapted to a handle that has to be operated to
release the chuck or face plate a supplementary handle with locking device such as to

page_text: ensure that when the handles are grasped the belt or strap shall be shifted, before
by a further movement of the handles, the chuck or face plate is released from the
spindle.
Such an arrangement may be applied in a suitable form to other modifications of
apparatus according to my invention hereinabove described.
For centering one piece of work whilst another is being operated upon, according
to one arrangement a dummy spindle is provided at the side of the machine to which
a chuck can be secured by any suitable means such as any of those above described,
and in connection with this dummy spindle there is arranged a pivotted centering
finger or pointer.
According to another arrangement the lathe head stock may have a dummy spindle
arranged parallel with the working spindles, a centering finger or pointer being
provided in connection therewith, or the dummy centering apparatus may according
to this method of working be entirely separate from the machine, and may be arranged
vertically, being mounted in an upright frame provided with a centering finger or
pointer.
Figs. 18, 19, and 20 sheet 2, shew an arrangement in which the belt is shifted by
means of a cord a', passing round a friction brake p¹ on the lathe spindle, so that
when the handle c¹ is depressed, the first portion of its motion shifts the belt or actuates
a friction clutch, and also arrests the rotation of the lathe spindle; then the continued
motion of the handle causes a cam d' to shift and permits a pawl e¹, to come in contact
with a ratchet wheel, fixed on the lathe spindle. The further notion of the handle c¹
causes a pawl gl to engage with a ratchet wheel ', which is fixed to the chuck or
face plate, and thus turns it slightly relatively to the lathe spindle.
In figs. 21, 22, and 23, an arrangement is shown in which the locking pawl is
dispensed with, and the hand lever actuates a friction brake j', which grips the
spindle; the handle j₁ also carries a pawl which engages with a ratchet wheel
on the chuck, fig. 22 shows it when the lathe is at work, and fig. 23 shows it in the
act of removing the chuck.
In figs. 24, 25, and 26 the handle m¹ carries a pawl n' which, when the handle is
depressed, engages with a ratchet wheel o¹ on the chuck. This pawl has a tail piece
to which is attached a cord, or its equivalent, and passing over a pulley connected to
the shifting gear.
The other end of this gear is connected to a lever p' which has pivotted on it a
friction brake that engages a friction wheel on the lathe spindle: the opposite end of
the lever p¹ to which the cord is attached is connected by a rod q' to a spring pawi.
The pawl n' is drawn towards the end of the lever m' by means of a spiral spring:
or a counter weight, if desired, may be employed.
The action is as follows:-
When the handle is depressed it shifts the belt, brings the lever p¹, with the
friction brake, up against the friction wheel on the spindle, and thus arrests its motion,
the continued movement of the handle draws the cords tighter and causes lever pl to
turn upon the friction brake as an axis to draw down the rod 7', which depresses the
spring pawl, and thus holds it firmly. By this time the pawl n' has become engaged
with the ratchet wheel o' and a slight further movement of the handle turns the chuck
relatively to the spindle.
In figs. 27, 28, and 29 the hand lever s¹ works in a block t', which has attached to
it a small lever, to which is connected the cord which works the belt shifting gear.
When the handle s¹ is depressed it draws down the cord r¹ and causes a cam shaped
projection, on t¹, to come in contact with a lever u', and works a friction brake w¹:
the act of doing this brings a worm, into gear with a worm wheel y¹ fixed to the
chuck, the handle is then rotated on its axis and the hand wheel, and chuck, rotated
relatively to the lathe spindle.
Fig. 30 shows an arrangement for rapidly changing the chucks in high speed
drills &c. In this case the chuck carrying the drill or cutting tool has a conical
shank a which enters a conical recess in the nose of the machine. On the spindle a³
is a spiral groove cut in it which engages with a pin b* fixed in the nose of the spindle.

page_text: When it is desired to remove the chuck without stopping the machine, the spindle and
chuck are brought into contact with a pair of bowls c², and d, which are fixed on a
spindle, and the diameters are so proportioned that is caused to rotate somewhat
faster than the spindle and causes the spiral groove to disengage itself from the pin b³.
Figs. 31, and 32 sheet 3, shew the handle which has to be operated to release the
chuck, fitted with a supplementary handle which is connected to a locking bolt g2 which
engages with a portion of the frame h². This locking bolt draws a bell crank lever i²,
which is connected to the belt shifting gear. Preparatory to moving the handle 2,
handle has to be grasped, thus causing the locking bolt to withdraw from the frame
and also moving the bell-crank 12 into the position that shifts the belt. The bell crank
is so arranged that it becomes central with the same axis as the lever e², and so is not
affected by the angular motion of the lever e². In the drawings shown figs. 31,
and 32, the lever e² works a clutch j2 with an incline acting upon a projection on the
chuck as already described. For centering one piece of work, whilst another piece
is being operated upon, according to one arrangement, a dummy spindle is provided
at one side of the machine. This is shown in figs. 33, and 34. The chucks 2, and 12,
are in every respect interchangeable as far as their attachment to the spindle is con-
cerned, and the dummy spindle is also fitted with the same arrangements as a lathe
spindle, as far as the nose is concerned, and with the same arrangements for releasing
the chuck. The scriber m² is provided, for convenience, in setting the work. When
the chuck is released from the dummy spindle by means of a treadle, the spindle is
prevented from revolving by means of a friction brake n², which grips it at the moment.
Figs. 35 and 36, show the duminy spindle placed paralled to the lath spindle.
Any of the chuck releasing mechanisms already described, may be employed and the
dummy spindle is prevented from revolving when the clutch is being release by means
of the catch n¹.
Fig. 37 shows the dummy spindle entirely separate from the lathe altogether in a
vertical stand. The scriber p² is employed as an aid to centering, and any of the
before described chuck releasing mechanisms may be made use of.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The use in connection with a machine for turning, boring, and like operations,
constructed to admit of rapid attachment and removal of chucks, face-plates, or tool-
holders, of special apparatus whereby work or tools, can be centered to run true, such
special apparatus being also constructed to admit of rapid attachment and removal
of chucks, face-plates, or tool-holders, and the arrangement and working being such
that while one piece of work is being operated upon in the machine another piece of
work or tool or tools may be centered in readiness to be placed in the machine
substantially in the manner above set forth.
2. For the purpose of enabling a chuck to be readily released in a machine for
turning boring and like operations providing in connection with belt shifting gear
apparatus whereby a brake can be applied and the chuck be released, the arrangement
being such that when a suitable lever or hand wheel is moved as herein above set
forth the spindle will be stopped and the chuck disengaged so that it can be freely
removed from the spindle.
3. Apparatus constructed arranged and operating substantially as hereinabove
described with reference respectively to and shown in Figs. 1 to 4, in Figs. 5 to 7, in
Figs. 10 to 12, in Figs. 13, 14, in Figs. 15 to 17, in Figs. 18 to 20, in Figs. 21 to
23, in Figs. 24 to 26, in Figs. 27 to 29, in Fig. 30, in Figs. 31 and 32, in Figs. 33
and 34, in Figs. 35 and 36 and in Fig. 37.
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1907