Improvements relating to the Heating of Buildings and to Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Oct., 1894-Accepted, 3rd Nov., 1894
CODI LU
1
Improvements relating to the Heating of Buildings and to
Apparatus therefor.
We, ANDREW GREENLEAF PAUL, of 79 Milk Street, Boston Massachusetts,
United States of America, Engineer, and WILLIAM PAUL SKIFFINGTON, of
436 West 47th Street, New York City, United States of America, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and' in what manner the same is to he
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to the method of heating which consists in supplying
steam, or other suitable heating agent, to systems employed for heating buildings
and maintaining the circulation of the heating agent throughout the system. It
also relates to apparatus for carrying out this method.
The object of our invention is to control the admission and the circulation of the
heating agent to and in a heating system so as to regulate the temperature of
the heating agent, and circulate it at such temperature as may be desired. By.
means of our improvement steam can be circulated at a temperature as low as
120° Fahrenheit, or at any temperature above that point.
The method consists in supplying steam or other heating agent or vehicle,
drawn from a boiler or other suitable source, in measured quantities, and causing
said steam to flow to the place of use by reducing the pressure thereat.
Our improved apparatus in its broadest form consists in the combination with
a heating system made up of radiators or heaters and connecting pipes, of means
for measuring the quantity of the heating agent supplied to the system through
the supply pipe, and of an air pipe connected with the system in addition to the
supply and return pipe and provided with an exhauster for drawing air from the
system through the said air pipe, and of a sealed return or escape pipe for
the water of condensation.
It will be obvious that our improved apparatus may be embodied in a heating
system in which only one radiator or heater is employed.
Various forms of apparatus embodying our invention are shown in the accom-
panying drawings, in which
Figure 1 shows one form of our improved apparatus, the apparatus shown in this
figure containing but a single radiator or heater and being connected on the plan
of a single pipe system, that is to say, having but one pipe for the admission of
the heating agent and the return of the water of condensation.
Figure 2 shows a second form of our improved apparatus embodying our
invention. This apparatus contains but a single radiator or heater, but is con-
structed on the plan of a double pipe system, that is to say, with a supply pipe
for the admission of the heating agent and a separate return pipe for the escape
of the water of condensation.
Figure 3 shows a third form of our improved apparatus embodying our invention.
This apparatus as shown contains two radiators or heaters, one of which is con-
nected on the plan of a single pipe system, and the other of which is connected on
the plan of a double pipe system. Of course, as many radiators might be used in
such a system as were desired:
1
Figure 4 shows a fourth form of our improved apparatus embodying our
invention. This apparatus is shown. as containing three radiators or heaters, all
of them connected upon the plan of the double pipo system and cach radiator
having in its own particular supply pipe a measuring device consisting of a reducing

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valve which is supplemental to the measuring device in the main supply pipe, which
is also a reducing valve. It is obvious that as many heaters or radiators might be
employed in this system as were desirable.
Similar letters of reference refer to similar parts.in the different figures.
We will first describe, the different forms of apparatus shown in the various
figures, and will then explain in what way or by what method the heating agent is
admitted, circulated and controlled in and by means of the said apparatus so as to
carry out our improved method. iL..
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.
Referring to Figure 1,, a is a radiator or heater which is constructed in any
ordinary or usual manner. is the supply pipe, which is connected with any
suitable, source from which the steam or other leating agent is to be supplied to
the system. This supply pipe is provided with a measuring device consisting of a
reducing valve,c, that is to say, a valve which will operate to keep the pressure in
the pipes at one side of it at a certain point no matter how the pressure may
vary above that point in the pipes on the other or supply side of the valve. This
reducing valve is set, or regulated so as to keep the heating agent in the radiator: t
such a pressure as will produce or secure the desired temperature therein. The
valve thus controls, and measures the heating agent admitted to the radiator, per-
mitting only such a quantity to flow into the radiator as will keep the temperature
up to the desired degree, and preventing any greater supply, the effect of which
would be to raise the temperature above that limit. The construction of such a
reducing valve is well known and it is therefore not necessary to describe it hereiu.
The measuring device on the supply pipe can be made in other forms. It may
consist of a restricted or contracted opening in the pipe itself, made, for example,
by reducing the diameter or size of the pipe. In the preferred form or species of
our invention we use the reducing valve. dis an extension of the supply pipe,
running down to the tank e, in which the water of condensation is collected. This
tanke, as shown, is open to the atmosphere, but the pipe d extends down nearly to
the bottom of the tank e, so that the lower end of the pipe d can be sealed by, the
water of condensation which escapes into the tank e. is an air pipe independent
of the supply pipe b, and connected at one end with the heater, a, and at the other
end with an exhauster h. The exhauster may be of any ordinary construction
adapted to the work to be performed, the varieties of exhauster which we prefer to
use being a steam jet exhauster when steam above the pressure of the atmosphere
can he conveniently obtained to supply it, or a water jet exhauster supplied by
water under pressure. In the construction shown in the drawing the pipe is
conuected with the heater'at a suitable place above the point where the water of
condensation collects. g. is an automatic valve placed upon the air pipe for
preventing the steam or other heating agent from being drawn through the pipe f
after the air has been exhausted from the heater. This valve, may be constructed
'in 'such a way that it closes when the heating agent is brought into contact with it,
but opens when any quantity of air collects near it and thus reduces the temperature
of that part of the heater. i is an ordinary valve placed in the supply pipe b, to
enable the supply of the heating agent to be entirely cut off when desired.
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We will now explain the way in which the apparatus just described and shown
in Figure 1'is designed to be used and the method of circulating and controlling
the heating agent by means of it, so as to carry out our improved method. We
will suppose that the heating agent employed is to be steam. The steam is taken
from any source of supply and may 'be under any degree of pressure, either above
atmospheric pressure or just equal to atmospheric pressure or below atmospheric
pressure. The valve is opened so as to permit the steam to pass through the
supply pipe 6 and through the reducing valve c in that pipe. The exhauster his
put into operation preferably at or about 'the same time and the air is exhausted
from the radiator a and the supply pipe 6 and its extension d through the air
pipe. Before the operation is begun the lower end of the pipe dis sealed in the
tank e, by placing water in the tanke to a height. sufficient to seal the lower end of
the pipe d or by using an ordinary check valve.
į

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1.
By reason of the exhausting of the air from the radiator and its pipes the steam
is very quickly introduced into the radiator u and the radiator is in this way
brought into almost immediate operation in heating the surrounding atmosphere.
As soon as the steam reaches the automatic valve, which we will suppose to be a
thermostatic valve as above explained, that valve is closed by the action of the
heat contained in the steam upon the valve. The system is now full of steain.
This steam will be under a pressure less than the pressure upon the steam in the
source of supply, by reason of the fact that the steam has had to pass through the
reducing valve c of the supply pipe and into a space, to wit, the pipes of the heater,
froin which air has been exhausted. As the radiator gives off its heat the steam
in the radiator will be condensed, tending in this way to reduce the pressure in the
radiator. As a result of this condensation and consequent reduction of 'pressure,
inore steam
am will flow into the radiator through the reducing valve in the supply
pipe, and in this way the supply of steam in the radiator will be maintained. But
by reason of the measuring device or reducing valve in the supply pipe the steam
in the radiator will be kept under a lower pressure than the steam in the source
of supply, and will therefore be expanded into greater volume and "a smaller
amount of steam will fill the radiator and will accomplish the work of heating" the
same.
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2
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1*1 **
As the steam is condensed in the radiator the water of condensation flows back
through the vertical part of the supply pipe and its extension d, down into the
tank e, where it is collected.
"
'
The operation above described is made possible by the fact that the escape pipe
or return pipe for the water of condensation is sealed at its lower end! The effect
of sealing this pipe is to prevent the pressure of the steam in the system "froin
being in any way affected or modified by any pressure which might otherwise be
admitted into the system through the return pipe.
1
In a heating system it is generally known beforehand what pressure the steam
will be under in the boiler or other source of supply from which the steam is
taken. This being known and the extent of surfaco in the heating system which
has to be heated being also known, the measuring device, whether it be a'reducing
valve, or a restricted opening in the pipe, or some other form of measuring device,
can be so made or regulated, or made of such a size as under the conditions anell
to permit the entrance of only such an amount of steam as will" keep the steam
which is in the system at any desired pressure. A reducing valve is the best fürin
of measuring device as it can be so set or regulated as to keep the" pressure and
therefore the temperature in the system at the desired point irrespective of what
the pressure may be on the supply side.
C
As already stated, in place of the reducing valve e shown in Figure 1, a restricted
opening in the pipe could be used, which would also operate in the manner already
explained to keep the steam in the system at any desired pressure.
".
It is necessary, in practicing our method by means of our improved apparatus
already explained, to keep the system substantially exhausted of air.This is
accomplished by the operation of the exhauster, whenever air collects in the
radiator or system by which means such air is drawn out or exhausted. The air
pipe is additional to the supply and returu pipe so that the air is drawn out from
the system through a separate pipe or passage from that through which the water
of condensation escapes, and so that the water of condensation cannot pass 'out
through the air pipe.
1
417 .9 At mar
Referring to Figure 2, a is the radiator which is made in any suitable manner.
b is the supply pipe is a measuring device consisting of a reducing valve in the
same. d is the return pipe for the escape of the water of condensation. e is the
tank for the collection of the water of condensation. This tank in the apparatus
shown in Figure 2 is a closed tank, thus operating to seal the return pipe d. fis
an air pipe independent of the supply and return pipe and conuected at one end
with the radiator a and at the other end with an exhauster . jis.a branch of the
air pipe running to the top of the tank e, by means of which the air can be
12. I.
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page_text: exhausted from that tank. The pipe is provided at the end where it is connected
with the radiator and at the point of its connection with the tank & with automatio
valves g for preventing the exhaustion of steam from the apparatus after the air
.has been drawn out. i is an ordinary valve in the supply pipe. k is a check valve
in the return pipe, which permits the water of condensation to escape into the
tank e, but closes to prevent the entrance of air or water in the opposite direction
into the return pipe d. The tank e is provided with valves, one at the top
of the tank for admitting the air when water is to be drawn off from the tank,
and one at the bottom for permitting the escape of such water from the tank e.
Any other suitable means can be employed for withdrawing the water of
condensation.
Our improved method is carried out by the apparatus shown in Figure 2 in
substantially the same manner as by the apparatus shown in Figure 1, except that
the water of condensation in the apparatus shown in Figure 2 escapes through the
separate return pipe d instead of passing back through the supply pipe and also
that the air is exhausted through the air pipe not only from the radiator and its
connecting pipes, but also from the tank e.
In place of the reducing valve c in the supply pipe, a restricted opening in the
pipe itself or some other form of measuring device may be used as already explained
in connection with Figure 1.
Referring to Figure 3, A represents a steam engine from which passes an exhaust
pipe B, through which the exhaust steam from the engine escapes. The supply
pipe of the heating system is connected with the exhaust pipe B of the engine.
c is a measuring device, being what is technically known as a reducing valve placed
in the supply pipe b. This reducing valve is so constructed as to maintain on the
heating system side of it any desired pressure irrespective of any variation in the
pressure of the steam that may take place in the exhaust pipe B, it being understood
of course that the pressure on the heating system side of the reducing valve cannot
be greater than the pressure of the steam in the exhaust pipe B. a¹ and a are
radiators or heaters of any suitable construction. The radiator a¹ is connected
upon the single pipe plan, that is to say, the steam is supplied to the radiator a
through the supply pipe and the water of condensation is returned from this
radiator a through the same pipe b, passing from that pipe down through the
pipe band on into the tank e. m is a valve of any ordinary construction placed
in the short branch of the supply pipe which leads directly to the radiator a'.
a is a radiator connected upon the double pipe plan, that is to say, the steam is
supplied to the radiator through the supply pipe b and the water of condensation
passes out from the radiator through the return pipe d and down into the tank e,
where the water of condensation is collected. is a valve of any ordinary construction
placed in the short branch of the supply pipe b which leads to the radiator a', and
is a valve of ordinary construction placed in the return pipe d which leads from
the radiator a. f is an air pipe independent of the supply and return pipe, having
branches connecting with each of the two radiators and also with the top of the
tank e and connected at its other end with the exhauster h. This air pipe is
provided with an automatic valve g where it is connected with the two radiators
and the tank, for preventing the exhausting of steam through the said air pipe from
the radiators or the tank. The pipe is provided with a check valve o, which
permits of the passage of the water of condensation from the pipe into the
tank e, but which prevents the passage in the contrary direction of the water of
condensation. The pipe d.is also provided with a similar check valve o', which
operates in the same manner. The tank e is provided with two valves 1., one at
the top of the tank to admit air to the same when the water of condensation is to
be drawn off, and one at the bottom of the tank to permit the escape of the water
of condensation. Any other suitable means may be employed for this purpose.
Our improved method is carried out by the apparatus shown in Figure 3 in
substantially the same manner as by the apparatus shown in Figure 2. By means
of the reducing valve e the pressure of the steam in the supply pipe b can be kept

page_text: at any desired point not greater than the pressure in the exhaust pipe B, irrespective
of the pressure of the steam in the exhaust pipe B. As the steam condenses in the
radiators more steam is supplied to the radiators through the supply pipe b, la
sufficient quantity of the steam being admitted through the reducing valve to keep
the pressure of the steam in the supply pipe b at the desired point. As the return
pipe d is in each case scaled so that no pressure can get into the system through
such return pipe, the pressure of the steam in the radiators and adjoining pipes
may be accurately regulated. By means of the air pipe the air can be drawn
off not only at the beginning of the operation but also whenever it collects in the
radiators.
is
Referring to Figure 4, a', a³ and a³ are radiators or heaters made of any suitable
construction. is the supply pipe for the admission of steam. c is a measuring
device consisting of a reducing valve placed in the supply pipe, constructed in such
a way that the pressure on the heating system side of it can be kept at any desired
"point not greater than the pressure in the source of supply irrespective of the
variations of the pressure of the steam upon the other side of it in the source of
supply. The radiators shown in this figure are all constructed in accordance
with the double pipe system, that is to say, the steam is admitted to each radiator
through the branch of the supply pipe b, and the water of condensation is permitted
to escape from cach radiator through a separate return pipe. is the return pipe
for the water of condensation leading from the radiator al to the tank e, or to a
common pipe which connects the return pipes from the different radiators and which
itself runs into the tank e. d is the return pipe for the water of condensation
leading from the radiator a² and connecting with the common pipe that extends
into the tank e. d is the return pipe that leads from the radiator a³ into the
common pipe d' that runs into the tank e. Each of the return pipes ¹³,,
provided with a check valve uear its lower end, just above where it connects with
the pipe d. These check valves serve to permit of the escape of the water of
condensation through the return pipe d, but to prevent the return in the contrary
direction of any steam or air into such return pipes. is the air pipe which is
provided with several branches leading to each radiator and one branch leading
to the top of the tank e. The air pipe is connected at one end to the exhauster h.
This air pipe is also provided with automatio valves y at the points where it is
connected with the radiators and with the tank for the purpose of preventing the
exhaustion of steam from the radiators and the tank into the air pipo, as already
explained in connection with Figure 1. p is a pipe running from the lower end of
the supply pipe b down to the common pipe d for permitting the escape of such
water of condensation as may flow down the supply pipe b. This pipe is also
provided at its lower end with a check valve for the purpose already described.
The tank e is provided with two valves, one at the top of the tank to admit
the air when it is desired to draw off the water of condensation, and one at the
bottom of said tank to permit the escape of the water of condensation. Any
other suitable means may be employed for this purpose.
B
¹² and are measuring devices consisting of reducing valves placed in the
short branches of the supply pipe b, which lead to the radiators a', a², and ³
respectively. These valves, and are reducing valves similar in character to
the valve c and tend to supplement the action of the valve c. They also enable
the three radiators to be operated under different pressures, that is to say, the
valve may be so regulated as to keep the steam in the radiator a¹ under a
pressure of say five pounds, the valve may be so regulated as to keep the steam
in the radiator a² under a pressure of ten pounds at the same time; the valve
may be so regulated as to keep the steam in the radiator a under a pressure of
fifteen pounds at the same time. In this way the three radiators may be operated
under different pressures, the result of which would be that the three radiators
would tend to heat the rooms in which they are.. placed, respectively, to different
degrees.
1
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page_text: Our improved method is carried out by the apparatus shown in Figure in
substantially the same manner as already, explained in connection with the other
figures, with the exception that in addition to regulating the pressure of the steain
in the system by means of the reducing valve c, the pressure in each radiator can
be separately regulated below that point by its own reducing valye.
Heretofore, so far as we are aware, nearly all heating systems in which steam or
other similar heating agents have been used have been operated in such a manner
that the pressure which existed, in the supply pipe has been maintained throughout
in the heaters or radiators as nearly as possible. This has been necessary because
the only means of removing the air that collected from time to time in the heaters
or radiators was by forcing that air out into the atmosphere through a suitable
cock or valve by means of the superior pressure in the beaters or radiators.
We are also aware that it has been proposed heretofore to attach an exhausting
device to the end of the return pipe of such a system and to by means of such an
exhauster draw the steam or other heating agent continuously through the beating
system, but in this latter case the pressure in the heaters or radiators was
substantially the same as in the source of supply, and moreover,, the steam or other
heating agent was, constantly wasted by being drawn out through, the return pipe
of the system. By means of our improved apparatus the pressure, in the radiators
, or heaters can be reduced very much below that which exists in the source of
supply, and the heating agent can be circulated at a pressure below, the atmosphere
and yet be made to do its work of beating substantially as efficiently as it would
at a high-pressure.
This results in great economy as well as in the more accurate regulation of the
heating capacity or temperature of the radiators. This will appear from the
following consideration. If an ordinary radiator, be filled with steam at a pressure
of say thirty pounds to the square inch, it will contain steam of a much higher
¡tension, or to put it in another way, steam containing a much larger number of heat
upits than, is necessary to do the work which such a heater is designed to do. A
will
larger part of the contents of the heater will. therefore be useless, and
not be
available in the work of heating the room or other place, where the radiator is put.
If the pressure were reduced in such radiator to a point below the atmosphere,
the heating agent within the radiator would be very much expanded, but it would
still contain a sufficient body of heat or a sufficient number of heat units to do the
required. work, and generally speaking it is true that this radiator, containing ar
heating agent at less pressure than atmospheric pressure, would heat the room
as effectively as a radiator containing the same heating agent under a pressure
of thirty pounds. In the latter case the radiator pipes might feel hotter to the
hand but they would not be more effective in heating air, which is a substance that
is not bented by radiation but by contact. This fact is accounted for by the
large quantity of latent, heat which is contained in the heating, agent, and which
enables the heating agent at a pressure below the atmosphere to heat the air of a
room practically as effectively as the same. heating agent would do if under a
pressure of thirty pounds.
In our improved apparatus the pressure of the, heating agent can be regulate,
radiatord
simply with reference to the degree of temperature desired in the system or
and without regard to any other consideration such as the removal of air. The
heating agent can be circulated as efficiently below atmosphere as above. The
circulation is produced by the condensation of the heating agent in the system.
As condensation takes place, more of the heating agent is supplied to the system.
through the measuring device in the supply pipe. This measuring device measures
and thus restricts the quantity of heating agent admitted, allowing just a sufficient
quantity to flow into the system to keep the pressure or temperature therein up to
the desired point. As the system is kept free of air and other obstructing gases,
and as nothing can enter the system except through the measuring device, the
quantity of heating agent fed to the system can be accurately controlled, and

page_text: thereby the pressure and temperature accurately regulated. Different temperatures
may be maintained in different heaters or radiators, all fed from the same source of
supply.
.
These improved results are rendered' possible by the fact that the air which is in.
the heating system at the start or which collects therein during the operation, is
removed by means of the air pipe and the exhauster at its end and is not dependent>
for its removal upon pressure within the system. In our improved apparatus we
are also enabled to regulate more accurately and between wider limits the amount
of heat which is supplied by the radiator. Thus while, as above explained, a
radiator having its heating agent under a pressure somewhat less than atmospheric
pressure, would heat the air in a room as efficiently as the same radiator having
the same heating agent under a pressure of thirty pounds, still by reducing
sufficiently the pressure upon the heating agent in the radiator the heating agent
may be so expanded and the number of heat units contained in it may be so
reduced as to supply less heat to the air of the room. In this way the temperature
of the reom may be reduced. Whereas in the old system, if the radiator were
used at all the aniount of heat given off by it could only be changed within very
narrow limits and this mainly by varying the pressure of the heating agent in the
source of supply. It will therefore be apparent that our improved apparatus
secures marked advantages in that the pressure within the radiators can be
reduced to any point desired and the temperature this accurately regulated, and
in that a given temperature can be produced by the use of a minimum quantity of
the beating agent.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The method of heating which consists in supplying steam in measured quantities
at or below atmospheric pressure and causing the flow of said steam to the place of
use by reducing the pressure thereat.
2. The method of heating which consists in supplying steam in measured quantities
at or below atmospheric pressure, and causing the flow of said steam to the place of
use by exhausting the air therefrom, and causing the steam to condense thereat and
conducting away the water of conde sation, substantially as before set forth.
'
3. The combination with a steam heating system which is provided with an air
exhauster and with the usual supply pipe for steam, of a measuring devico situated
in the said supply pipe, substantially 'as before set forth.
4. The combination with a steam heating system which is provided with an air
pipe in addition to the supply and return pipe or pipes and with an exhauster for
drawing nir from the system through the said air pipe and with the usual supply
pipe, of a measuring device situated in the said supply pipe, substantially as before
set forth.
1
5. The combination with a steam heating system, which is provided with an air
pipe in addition to the supply and return pipes, and with an exhauster for drawing
air from the system through the said air pipe, and with the usual supply pipe, of a
measuring device situated in the said supply pipe, and a sealed escape pipe for the
water of condensation, substantially as before set forth.
6. In combination with a heating system, a supply pipe provided with a reducing
valve, an air pipe in addition to the supply and return pipe connecting in said
system, an exhauster for drawing the air from the system through the said air pipe,
and a sealed escape pipe for the water of condensation, substantially as shown and
described.
7. In combination with a heating system containing a number of radiators or
heaters, a main supply pipe, branch pipes connecting the main supply pipe with the
several radiators or heaters, a reducing valve in each branch pipe for separately
controlling each radiator or heater, an air pipe in addition to the supply and return
I

page_text: pipes connecting with each of the said radiators or heaters, an exhauster for drawing,
the air from the said radiators or heaters through the said air pipe, and scaled
escape pipes for the water of condensation, substantially as before set forth.
8. In combination with a heating system containing a number of radiators or
heaters, a main supply pipe provided with a reducing valve and branch pipes
connecting the main supply pipe with the several radiators or heaters, a reducing
valve in each branch pipe for separately controlling each radiator or heater, an air
pipe in addition to the supply and return pipes connecting with each of the said
radiators or heaters, an exhauster for drawing the air from the said radiators or
heaters through the said air pipe, and sealed escape pipes for the water of conden-
sation, substantially as shown and described.
9. In combination with a heating system containing a number of radiators or
heaters, a supply pipe provided with a reducing valve, the supply pipe being
connected by branches with each of the radiators or heaters, an air pipe in
addition to the supply and return pipes connected by suitable branches with each
of the radiators or heaters and provided at each radiator or heater with an auto-
matic valve for preventing the escape of the heating agent, an exhauster for
drawing air from the system through the said air pipe, and sealed escape pipes for
the water of condensation, substantially as shown and described.
10. In combination with a beating system containing a number of radiators or
heaters, a supply pipe provided with a reducing valve and connected with the said
radiators or heaters, an air pipe in addition to the supply and return pipes connected
by suitable brauches with each of the radiators or heaters and also connected with
the tank for collecting the water of condensation, each of the branches of the air
pipe being provided with an automatic valve near each radiator or heater and near
the said tank, an exhauster for drawing air from said radiators or heaters and the
said tank through the said air pipe, sealed escape pipes for permitting the passage
of the water of condensation to the said tank, a check valve in each of the said
escape or return pipes, substantially as shown and described.
11. In combination with a beating system, a supply pipe provided with a reducing
valve, an air pipe in addition to the supply and return pipes connected with the
heater or radiator at a suitable place above the point where the water of conden-
sation collects, an exhauster for drawing air from the system through the said air
pipe, and a sealed escape pipe for the water of condensation, substantially as shown
and described.
12. In combination with a heating system, a supply pipe provided with a
reducing valve, a sealed tank for the water of condensation, an air pipe connected
with said tank, an exhauster for drawing air from the system through the said air
pipe, and a sealed escape pipe for the water of condensation, substantially as shown
and described.
Dated this 2nd day of October 1894.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45,,Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicants.