IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE EXTRICATION AND CONDENSATION OF AMMONIA, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AMMONIACAL. SALTS."
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Isham Baggs, of High Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, Practical Chemist, and Frederick Braby, of Camberwell,
in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE EXTRICATION AND CONDENSATION OF AMMONIA, AND IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF AMMONIACAL. SALTS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Isham Baggs and
Frederick Braby. at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 27th June 1868.
We, ISHAM BAGGS, of High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex,
Practical Chemist, and FREDERICK BRABY, of Camberwell, in the County
of Surrey, Gentlemen, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE EXTRICATION AND CONDENSATION OF AMMONIA, AND IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF AMMONIACAL SALTS," to be as follows:-
The first part of our Invention consists in blowing atmospheric air or
carbonic acid or other gas capable of carrying the ammonia forward
through a solution of ammonia contained in a close vessel, and then

page_text: causing the air or gas so charged with ammonia to blow or pass through
a metallic or saline solution capable of arresting the ammonia and
of being decomposed thereby, and so of arresting the ammonia and
forming the various ammoniacal salts. The blast of air or gas may be
either hot or cold, and it may be delivered in any convenient manner,
either through an open pipe, or a pipe surface or diaphragm perforated
with holes, or in any other way to increase and extend the contact
between the air or gas and the solution containing the ammonia. The
crude ammoniacal solution, which may be from any source whatever,
as gas or bone liquor or other chemical preparation, should be mixed
with lime or other base or material capable of setting the ammonia free
to render the ammonia in a free condition, and the liquor from which
it is to be extricated should properly be heated to 120 degrees Fahrenheit,
or upwards, in order to diminish its solubility in water and render its
liberation more easy. A close boiler or still of any kind may contain
the crude ammoniacal solution. From the upper part of this boiler or
still a pipe (open at both ends) passes or dips into the saline or metallic
solution contained in a second vessel or receiver which is open above
to the atmosphere. By means of a pump, bellows, or other suitable
contrivance, atmospheric air or gas, as first referred to, is thus blown
through the ammoniacal liquor in the still, and thence this air or gas
loaded with the volatile alkali passes by the upper pipe above named
into and through the solution in the second vessel, where the ammonia
is instantly arrested and fixed and the salts formed, the air itself passing
out into the atmosphere again. When carbonic acid or other gas, as
before referred to is used, it is obtained from any convenient source, and
blown through the two vessels above named in a similar way and under
similar circumstances; or it may be generated and forced through under
its own pressure.
In the second part of our Invention a vacuum or partial vacuum is
formed and used instead of pressure from a bellows, force pump, or
otherwise. In this case the induction pipe of the still is closed, and
the second vessel is closed also, having no communication with the
atmosphere except by means of an exhaust pump, everything else
being closed but the pipe between the two vessels before named and the
exhaust pump. The pump is worked by a suitable power, and the air
being thus exhausted from the two vessels the ammonia by its elastic

page_text: receiver, producing as it blows into the liquid the decomposition of
the salt and the fixation of the volatile alkali, as already described.
Although we have only mentioned metallic or saline solutions as
contained in the second vessel or receiver, yet acids or even cold water
may be used, but not generally with such advantage. When water is
used as the condensing material in the receiver a strong solution of
ammonia may be obtained, but the result is rendered more perfect and
facile by the employment of ice instead of water in the receiver:
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Isham Baggs and Frederick Braby in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 24th December 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ISHAM
BAGGS, of High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Practical Chemist,
and FREDERICK BRABY, of Camberwell, in the County of Surrey,
Gentleman, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself,, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Isham Baggs and Frederick Braby,
Her special licence that we, the said Isham Baggs and Frederick
Braby, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,,
the said Isham Baggs and Frederick Braby, our executors,. adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,. and no others,.
from time to time and at all times thereafter during. the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and. Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention, for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
EXTRICATION AND CONDENSATION OF AMMONIA, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE
OP AMMONIACAL SALTS," upon the condition (amongst others) that
we, the said Isham Baggs and Frederick Braby, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office.

page_text: WILD SIX calendar months next and immediately after the date of re
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Isham Baggs and Frederick
Braby, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say :-
The first part of our said Invention consists in blowing atmospheric
air or carbonic acid or other gas capable of carrying the ammonia
forward through a solution of ammonia contained in a close vessel, and
then causing the air or gas so charged with ammonia to blow or pass
through a metallic or saline solution capable of arresting the ammonia
and of being decomposed thereby, and so forming the various ammo-
niacal salts. The blast of air or gas may be either hot or cold, and it may
be delivered in any convenient manner, either through an open pipe, or
a pipe, surface, or diaphragm perforated with holes, or in any other way
adapted to increase and extend the contact between the air or gas and
the solution containing the ammonia. The crude ammonical solution
which may be derived from any suitable and available source, as gas or
bone liquor or other chemical preparation, should be mixed with lime
or other base or material capable of setting the ammonia free, and the
liquor from which it is to be extricated should be heated to 120°
Fahrenheit, or upwards, in order to diminish its solubility in water and
render its liberation more easy. A close boiler or still of any suitable
kind may contain the crude ammoniacal solution. From the upper part
of this boiler or still a pipe (open at both ends) passes or dips into the
saline or metallic solution contained in a second vessel or receiver, and
which is open above to the atmosphere. By means of a pump, bellows,
or other suitable contrivance atmospheric air or gas, as first referred to,
is thus blown through the ammoniacal liquor in the still, and thence the
air or gas, loaded with the volatile alkali, passes by the upper pipe before
mentioned into and through the solution in the second vessel, where the
ammonia is instantly arrested and fixed and the salts formed, the air
itself passing out into the atmosphere. If necessary the ammonia may
be purified before passing into the metallic solution. When carbonic
acid or other gas, as before referred to, is used it is obtained from any
convenient source and blown through the two vessels before mentioned
in a similar way and under similar circumstances, or it may be generated
and then forced through under its own pressure..

page_text: In the second part of our said Invention a vacuum, or partial vacuum,
is formed and used instead of pressure by means of a bellows, force pump,
or other suitable contrivance adapted to the purpose. In this case the
induction pipe of the still is closed, and the second vessel is closed also,
the same having no communication with the atmosphere except by
means of an exhaust pump, every other part of the apparatus being
closed except the pipe between the two vessels and the exhaust pump.
The pump is worked by any suitable power, and the air being thus
exhausted from the two vessels by its clastic force rushes from the first
vessel or still into the second vessel or receiver, producing as it blows
into the liquid the decomposition of the salt and the fixation of the
volatile alkali, as already described.
Although we have only mentioned metallic or saline solutions as
being contained in the second vessel or receiver, yet acids or even cold
water may be used, but not generally with such advantage. When
water is used as the condensing material in the receiver a strong solution
of ammonia may be obtained, but the result is rendered more perfect
and facile by the employment of ice instead of water in the receiver.
Having thus declared and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner in which it is to be performed, we would
observe in conclusion that what we consider novel and original, and
therefore claim as constituting the Invention secured to us by the
said herein-before in part recited Letters Patent arc, the extrication and
condensation of ammonia and the manufacture of ammoniacal salts,
substantially as herein-before described and set forth, or any mere
modifications thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Braby, on behalf of myself
and the said Isham Baggs, have hereunto set my hand and seal,
this Twenty-third day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
Witness,
R. S. MORDAUNT VAUGHAN,
54, Chancery Lane.
FREDERICK BRABY. (L.s.)