Improvements in the Preparation of Emulsions of Vegetable, Animal, and Mineral Oils, of Solid Paraffins, Waxes, and Fatty Substances, and of Liquids which are Insoluble or but Partially or Slightly Soluble in Water.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Mar., 1886.
Complete Left, 11th Nov., 1886.
Complete Accepted, 21st Jan., 1887.
Improvements in the Preparation of Emulsions of Vegetable, Animal,
and Mineral Oils, of Solid Paraffins, Waxes, and Fatty Substances,
and of Liquids which are Insoluble or but Partially or Slightly
Soluble in Water.
I, ALFRED BLACKIE, of Tidebrook Manor, Wadhurst, in the County of Sussex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
My invention has for its object improvements in the preparation of emulsions
of vegetable, animal, and mineral oils, solid paraffins, waxes, and fatty substances,
and of liquids which are insoluble or but partially or slightly soluble in water.
To make an emulsion of vegetable or animal oils I begin by preparing a solution in
water of isinglass, gelatine, glue, size, parchment size, vellum size, ivory or bone size,
of such a strength that one gallon contains four ounces or thereabouts of the dry
matter of such size or similar material. In 12 parts by weight of such solution I
dissolve one part or thereabouts by weight of phosphate of soda, or of alkaline
phosphate of potash, or of carbonate of potash, or of carbonate of soda, or of one or
more of these salts, or a corresponding quantity of any other suitable alkaline salt.
I do not, however, limit myself to these proportions as I find that different vegetable
and animal oils require different proportions of alkaline salt, my object being to secure
a faintly alkaline reaction in the emulsion when complete. I dissolve the above
named salt or salts in the above named solution with the aid of heat, and when the
liquid has cooled down so far that the size or gelatine is beginning to set or thicken,
1 gradually incorporate therewith by agitation or other convenient mechanical means
24 to 36 parts by weight, more or less of the oil of which I desire to form an emulsion.
In some cases the oil may be added when the prepared solution is warm and
incorporated therewith as the mixture cools down. The same materials and method of
preparation are applicable to the making of emulsions of chloroform and of other
liquids which are insoluble or but partially or slightly soluble in water.

page_text: In preparing some emulsions especially such as are to be used for external
application as embrocations or for other purposes where the use of such ingredients is
appropriate, ammonia or a salt of ammonia may be used if preferred instead of or in
addition to the alkaline salts already mentioned.
To make an emulsion of such mineral oils as petroleum, paraffine oil, benzoline,
naptha and similar liquids I begin by preparing a solution in water of soap. I prefer
to use soft soap for this purpose. I dissolve one pound or thereabouts of such soap in
one gallon of water by the aid of heat. The solution having been made 1 take six
ounces of Cannon's concentrated size or an equivalent quantity of any other size or of
any of the other materials named in the first part of the present specification and I
dissolve it in the above described solution of soap by the aid of heat. While the liquid
is still warm or when it is nearly cold as may be most suitable in the particular case, I
incorporate thoroughly therewith two gallons or thereabouts of petroleum, paraffine
oil, or other similar liquid. In preparing such emulsions I do not limit myself to the
employment of ready formed soap, but the soap required may be made in the solution
itself by the action of an alkali on a saponifiable oil or fat.
Solid paraffins, waxes, and fatty substances which at ordinary temperatures are in a
solid state may be emulsified in one or other of the above described methods, by first
liquefying them by the aid of heat.
According to one or other of the above mentioned processes I prepare emulsions of
such oils, solid paraffins, waxes, or fatty substances as are suitable for food, medicines,
embrocations, ointments, or for lubricating, for the dressing of leather, of wool and of
other fibres both vegetable and animal, or of fabrics or substances composed of such
materials, and also of such before mentioned substances as are suitable for destroying
animal and vegetable parasites.
It should be noted that most emulsions prepared by the above described processes
can be freely mixed with water and many other liquids and-can-in most cases be very
largely diluted without undergoing immediate separation. Oils and liquids insoluble
in water are thus rendered available for purposes to which they could not otherwise be
applied.
For emulsions to be used for destroying animal and vegetable parasites I frequently
introduce sulphur dissolved in a solution of sulphide of either potassium or sodium, or
I introduce thereto arsenic dissolved in glycerine.
It may also be noted that although I have mentioned the approximate proportions of
ingredients used in my emulsions, no exact proportions can be given, not only because
different oils, sizes and soaps vary in their composition, but because even different.
samples of the same article may vary considerably and require the relative proportions
to be adjusted accordingly.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Preparation of Emulsions of Vegetable, Animal,
and Mineral Oils, of Solid Paraffins, Waxes, and Fatty Substances,
and of Liquids which are Insoluble or but Partially or Slightly
Soluble in Water.
I, ALFRED BLACKIE, of Tidebrook Manor, Wadhurst, in the County of Sussex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:
My invention has for its object improvements in the preparation of emulsions
of vegetable, animal, and mineral oils, solid paraffins, waxes, and fatty substances,
and of liquids which are insoluble or but partially or slightly soluble in water.
The invention may also be applied to the preparation of emulsions of semi-solid
paraffins and of resins.
To make an emulsion of vegetable or animal oils I begin by preparing a solution in
water of isinglas, gelatine, glue, size, parchment size, vellum size, ivory or bone size,
or of any similar suitable substance, of such a strength that one gallon contains four
ounces or thereabouts of the dry matter of such size or similar material. In 12 parts
by weight of such solution I dissolve one part or thereabouts by weight of phosphate
of soda, or of alkaline phosphate of potash, or of carbonate of potash, or of carbonate of
soda, or of one or more of these salts or a corresponding quantity of any other suitable
alkaline salt or compound.
I do not, however, limit myself to these proportions as I find that different vegetable
and animal oils require different proportions of alkaline salt, my object heing to secure
a faintly alkaline reaction in the emulsion when complete. I dissolve the above named
salt or salts in the above named solution with the aid of heat, and when the liquid has
cooled down so far that the size or gelatine is beginning to set or thicken, I gradually
incorporate therewith by agitation or other convenient mechanical means 24 to 36
parts by weight, more or less, of the oil of which I desire, to form an emulsion.
some cases the oil may be added when the prepared solution is warm and incorporated
therewith as the mixture cools down. The same materials and method of preparation
are applicable to the making of emulsions of chloroform and of other liquids which are
insoluble or but partially or slightly soluble in water.
In
In preparing some emulsions especially such as are to be used for external
application as embrocations or for other purposes where the use of such ingredients is
appropriate, ammonia or a salt of ammonia may be used if preferred instead of or in
addition to the alkaline salts already mentioned.
To make an emulsion of such mineral oils as petroleum, paraffine oil, benzoline,
naptha, and similar liquids I begin by preparing a solution in water of soap, or any
suitable soap-substitute. I prefer to use soft soap for this purpose. I dissolve one
pound or thereabouts of such soap in one gallon of water by the aid of heat. The
solution having been made I take six ounces of Cannon's concentrated size or an
equivalent quantity of any other size or of any of the other materials named in the

page_text: first part of the present specification and I dissolve it in the above described solution of
soap by the aid of heat. While the liquid is still warm or when it is nearly cold as
may be most suitable in the particular case, I incorporate thoroughly therewith two
gallons or thereabouts of petroleum, paraffine oil, or other similar liquid. In preparing
such emulsions I do not limit myself to the employment of ready formed soap or soap-
substitute, but the soap or soap-substitute required may be made in the solution itself
by the action of an alkali on a saponifiable oil or fat or on a resin or resin-oil.
Solid paraffins, waxes, resins, and fatty substances which at ordinary temperatures
are in a solid state may be emulsified in one or other of the above described methods,
by first liquefying them by the aid of heat.
According to one or other of the above mentioned processes I prepare emulsions of
such oils, solid paraffins, waxes, resins, or fatty substances as are suitable for food,
medicines, embrocations, ointments, or for lubricating, for the dressing of leather, of
wool and of other fibres both vegetable and animal, or of fabrics or substances
composed of such materials, and also of such before mentioned substances as are
suitable for destroying animal and vegetable parasites.
It should be noted that most emulsions, prepared by the above described processes
can be freely mixed with water and many other liquids and can in most cases be very
largely diluted without undergoing immediate separation. Oils and liquids insoluble
in water are thus rendered available for purposes to which they could not otherwise
be applied.
For emulsions to be used for destroying animal and vegetable parasites I frequently
introduce sulphur dissolved in a solution of either sulphide of potassium or sulphide of
sodium, or I introduce thereto arsenic dissolved in glycerine.
It may also be noted that although I have mentioned the approximate proportions of
ingredients used in my emulsions, no exact proportions can be given, not only because
different oils, sizes and soaps vary in their composition, but because even different
samples of the same article may vary considerably and require the relative proportions
to be adjusted accordingly.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The employment of size and of the other hereinbefore mentioned similar materials
in conjunction with soap or soap-substitute or in conjunction with the herein before
mentioned alkali or alkaline salis or compounds in the preparation of emulsions of
vegetable, animal and mineral oils, of solid and semi-solid paraffins, waxes, resins, and
fatty substances, and of liquids which are insoluble or but partially or slightly soluble
in water.
2. The use of sulphur dissolved in a solution of sulphide of potassium or sulphide of
sodium, or of arsenic dissolved in glycerine, in combination with emulsions produced
as set forth in the preceding claim.
Agents for the Applicant.