Im- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS AND SIMILAR FABRICS, AND IN APPARATUS USED THEREIN
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Fawcett and Francis Best Fawcett, both of
Kidderminster, in the County of Worcester, for the Invention of "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS AND SIMILAR FABRICS, AND IN
APPARATUS USED THEREIN."
Sealed the 12th February 1856, and dated the 16th August 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Fawcett and
Francis Best Fawcett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 16th August 1855.
We, WILLIAM FAWCETT and FRANCIS BEST FAWCETT, both of Kidder-
minster, in the County of Worcester, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS AND SIMILAR
FABRICS, AND IN APPARATUS USED THEREIN," to be as follows (that is to say):-
Our Invention, which has reference to the manufacture of looped or cut pile
fabrics, consists, firstly, in an arrangement for mixing the colours of the woolen
warp or thread so as to produce a variety of shades, the effect of which is
obtained by the stamping or reading in the pattern, so as to raise two or more
colours at once in each longitudinal division of the reed or slay, thus mixing
the colours as fine again as the scale or count of the cloth.
Secondly, in the employment of a long male or eye in the jacquard harness,
so as to allow the figure warp or worsted to be moved up and down within the

page_text: said male or eye through the medium of the heald when the jacquard harness
is arranged close to it.
Thirdly, in an arrangement for shifting the position of the shuttle, so as to
move on the back of the cloth, instead of raising the figure warp, as at present.
Fourthly, in a mode of arrangeing the hanging weights in connection with the
bobbins, so that they may be placed at the back thereof instead of the front, as
heretofore, the said weights being furnished with pins or bars, so as to press
against the bobbins when the weights are down.
Fifthly, in timing or regulating the time for raising the whole of the jacquard
harness, when the trap board or its equivalent is employed, so that the harness
may be kept up till the beat-up of the lay takes place, the wire being first
inserted before the whole harness is raised, by which arrangement the raising
of the warp thread for the purpose of inserting the wire may be effected without
requiring the fall of the trap board.
Sixthly, in the employment of certain arrangements in connection with the
bottom board of the jacquard loom for, raising the whole harness, as mentioned
under the fifth head of our Invention...
Seventhly, in a mode of raising the worsted, threads for the reception of the
wire simultaneously with the raising of the whole harness, so that the whole
harness may remain up till the beat of the lay takes place, and then the
remainder to drop froin those selected for the wire.
Eighthly, in timing or regulating the time for raising the whole of the
jacquard harness, when the trap board or its equivalent is employed, so as to
give the longest time to the entrapping of all the cards by adapting the hand-
loom order of motion.
And, ninthly, in the employment or mode of using the last-mentioned
arrangement when the whole harness is raised by means of the bottom board
of the jacquard machine.. The three first heads above described refer either to
hand or power loom machinery; the six last to power looms only.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Fawcett and Francis Best Fawcett in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 15th February 1856.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand 'eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Hér reign;
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
William Fawcett and 'Francis Best Fawcett, Her special licence that we; the
said William Fawcett and Francis Best Fawcett, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said William Fawcett and Francis Best
Fawcett, our executors, administrators,' and assigns, should at any time' agree
with, and no others; from time to time and at all times thereafter* during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands; and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF CARPETS AND SIMILAR FABRICS, AND IN "APPARATUS USED THEREIN," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said William Fawcett and Francis
Best Fawcett, our executors or administrators; by an instrument in writing
under our or their hands and "seals, or under the 'hand and seal of 'one of us
or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the 'said'
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause" the
sanic to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent
T
NOW KNOW YE, 'that we, the said William Fawcett and Francis Best
Fawcett, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in 'what
manner' the same is to be performed, to be particularly described 'and' ascer
tained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say
Our Invention, which has reference to the manufacture of looped or cut pile
fabrics, consists, firstly, in an arrangement for mixing the colours of the woollen'
warp or thread, so as to produce a variety of shades, the effect of which is
obtained by the stamping or reading in the pattern; so as to raise two or more
threads of different colors at once in each longitudinal division of the reed for
slay, thus mixing the colors as fine again as the scale or count of the cloth
This part of the improvements will be found especially adapted to when single
threads are employed for the pile warp in place of double threads, according to
a' mode of working described in the Specification of a Patent granted to William
Fawcett, dated the Second day of February, One thousand eight hundred "and
fifty-two. But in order to prevent an additional quantity of worsted being used
in carrying out this part of our improvements, we arrange that the different
colored threads thus mixed shall be raised for one wire only in place of both
wires, as explained in the Specification referred to.

page_text: Secondly, the improvements consist in the employment of a long male or eye
in the jacquard harness, so as to allow the figure warp or worsted, to be moved
up and down within the said male or eye through the medium of the heald
when the jacquard harness is arranged close to it.
Figure 1 shews a male or eye according to this part of the Invention. The
holes a, a, are for the purpose of connecting them with the harness cords, whilst
the opening b is sufficient to admit of the figure or worsted warp being raised
after the laying in of the top shoot for the laying in of the bottom shoot of
weft without causing a slackening of the harness cords. In carrying out this
part of the improvements, we employ, in connection with and in front of the
harness, a leaf of healds, having eyes or loops sufficiently long to admit of those
figure or worsted warps for the time selected to form loops. over wires being
raised as required, whilst others are only raised sufficiently high for the putting
in of the back shoot. But in working such extra leaf of healds it will be
necessary to give to it a motion sufficient at one time for the pile warps being
lifted, by resting on the bottom of such loops or eyes when putting in the back
shoot, and for all the figure or worsted warps being depressed, by coming
against the tops of such loops, when required to lay in a top shoot over all such
figure or worsted warps.
Thirdly, the improvements consist in an arrangement for shifting the position
of the shuttle, so as to move on the back of the cloth, instead of raising the
figure warp, as at present. At present, in the manufacture of pile fabrics by
the aid of wires, when the pattern or figure is obtained by the operation of the
jacquard harness, the pile or figure warp is caused to take three different
positions, one for the formation of loops over the wires, another for the laying
in of the bottom shoot of weft, and a third for the laying in of a top shoot; and
the object of this part of the improvements is to render one of those movements,
the shifting from the bottom to the middle position, or from laying in of the
top shoot to the laying in of the bottom shoot, unnecessary. And in order that
the weft may as required be laid on the top and bottom of the figure, pile, or
.worsted warp, we arrange the shuttle boxes, and that part of the batten which
forms the race for the shuttle, and upon which the warps rest when in their
lowest position, capable of sliding on the lay swords, so that the shuttle may be
thrown under or over, as desired, those of the figure or worsted warps which for
the time are in position to be tied in.*
In the Specification of a Patent granted to George Collier, dated the Ninth
day of March, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, there is shewn and
described a mode of operating to raise and lower a part of the lathe or lay, to

page_text: operate in a somewhat similar manner to this part of our.improvements, but.so
that such portion of the lathe may operate with either pair of two fixed shuttle
boxes; and in carrying out this part of our improvements, the lathe may be
operated for its rising and falling motion in a similar manner to that shewn and
described in the Specification of the said George Collier referred to; but it will
have attached to, and so as to move with it, the shuttle boxes employed in order
to the laying in of the weft over and under the figure or worsted warp, and the
movements of the linen warp will be arranged to suit these different. positions
of the race and shuttle boxes.
Fourthly, the improvements consist in a mode of arranging the hanging
weights in connection with the bobbins, so that they may be placed at the back
thereof instead of the front, as has heretofore for the most part. been: the
practice; the said weights. being furnished with pins. or bars, so as to press
against the bobbins when the weights are down.
Figures 2 and 3 shew, on a small scale, a portion of a frame with bobbins
thereon, with parts arranged according to this part of the improvements. a, a,
are the bobbins; b, weights at the end of the lever arms.c, which turn each
upon an axis of motion; d and e is a bar affixed to the lever arms c, beyond the
axis of motion d, capable when the weight b descends beyond a certain point
of pressing against the rims a' of the bobbin to stop its further delivery. The
worsted is drawn off the bobbins a in the direction indicated by the arrow, and
in doing so it first passes from the bobbin under the loop f of the weight b,
thence over, and so as to press on the worsted on the bobbin a; by the friction
exercised on which, in the opposite direction to that of the motion of the bobbin
in unwinding its worsted, that bobbin is prevented unwinding too freely, and
in the event of its unwinding too freely, the weight 6 by descending causes. the
bar e to press against the rims a' of its bobbin, to stop altogether its further
movement. In place of a bar e, pins only may be used to operate in a similar
manner.
Fifthly, the improvements consist in tuning or regulating the time for
raising the whole of the jacquard harness, when the trap board or its equivalent
is employed for that purpose, so that the harness may be kept up till the
beat-up of the lay takes place, the wire being first inserted before the whole
harness is raised, by which arrangement the raising of the warp threads for
the purpose of inserting the wire may be effected without requiring the fall
of the trap board.
In carrying out this part of our improvements, we prefer to employ the
arrangement of trap board, shewn and described in the Specification of a

page_text: Patent granted to us and John Lamb, dated May the Fifteenth, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-five.
Figure 4 shews' an arrangement of cam for operating upon the jacquard, so
as to raise the whole of the harness, and keep it up 'till the beat-up of the lay
takes place, and it is adapted to that order of shedding by which the back
shoot is laid in first after each insertion of wire.
"Sixthly, the improvements consist in the employment of certain arrange-
ments in connection with the bottom board of the jacquard loom for raising
the whole harness, as mentioned under the fifth head of our Invention. This
pärt of the improvements we accomplish by so timing the cams or tappets
which operate such" bottom board' or bottom cumber board, that the whole
of the jacquard harness may be kept up till the beat-up takes place, in
connection with that order of shedding referred to under the fifth head of
the Invention, whereby the back shoot is first laid in after each insertion
of wire.
:
"Seventhly, the improvements consist in a mode of actuating the worsted
threads' by the jacquard, in order to raise those required for the reception of
the wire next to be inserted simultaneously with the raising of the whole
harness by the cumber board, so that the whole harness may remain up till
the beat-up of the lay takes place, and then for the remainder to drop from
those selected for the wire.
Figure' 5 shews' a form of cam which we employ for operating the jacquard.
In carrying out this part of the improvements, and when the threads selected
to form the next row of loops over the wire next to be inserted have thus been
raised simultaneously with the raising of the other worsted or pile threads by
the cumber board, a beat-up of the lay will take place, then an insertion of the
back or bottom weft. The cumber board remaining up till the beat-up takes
place will then allow those of the worsted or pile threads which have not been
selected by the jacquard to fall; a wire being inserted, the remaining worsted
or pile threads are then allowed to fall by the operation of the jacquard, and
a beat-up takes place. The top shoot of weft is then thrown in, and the
jacquard again operates to raise the worsted or pile threads to form the next
row of loops simultaneously, as before, with the raising of the other worsted
or pile threads by the comber board; a beat-up is now effected, and the opera-
tions again succeed each other, as explained. By thus operating with the
various worsted or pile threads, those which at each selection are to form the
next row of pile loops are kept up during two beats-up of the lay, by which a
better clearance of the warp, fully up to the formed fabric, will be obtained,

page_text: and the worsted will be prevented looping at the back of the fabric (or pro-
ducing what is commonly called a rough back).
Eighthly, the improvements consist in tuning or regulating the time for
raising the whole of the jacquard harness, when the trap.board or its equivalent
is employed for that purpose, so as to give the longest time to the entrapping
of all the cords, by adapting the hand loom order of motion.
In carrying out this part of the improvements we prefer to employ the mode
of raising the whole harness by the jacquard, as described in the Specification
of the Patent granted to us, in combination with John Lamb, before referred
to. And in order to obtain the longest time for the entrapping of all the cords
in order to the raising of the whole harness, we adapt thereto the hand loom
order of motions, which we have so called, inasmuch as they are those which
were adopted when weaving pile carpets by hand looms, and they are the
following
**
...
After each insertion of the wire, and the selected pile threads have been
allowed to fall, a shoot of weft is laid in on the top of them; the whole of the
pile threads are then raised for the insertion of the weft at the back. A selec-
tion is then made for the wire, and the motions follow as before. In adapting
this order of motions to a power loom arranged as a single, shed, we cause the
first throw of the shuttle (after the pause during the insertion of the wire) to
lay in the top shoot, the second throw of the shuttle to lay in the back shoot,
and then to pause again during the insertion of the wire. Figure 6 shews a
cam for operating the jacquard adapted to the above arrangements, the long
dwells of the cam to operate during the insertion of the top shoot, the
entrapping of the whole number of cords taking place at the same time
preparatory to raising the whole for the back. shoot. We thus give the
longest time to the entrapping of the whole cords, the short dwells of the cam
being merely to effect the change from the whole to those cords selected for
the wire.
Ninthly, the improvements consist in the employment or mode of using the
last-mentioned arrangement, when the whole harness is raised by means of the
bottom board of the jacquard machine. This part of the improvements we
accomplish by so timing the tappets for raising the bottom cumber board as
to suit the adaptation of hand-loom order of motions, referred to under the
eighth head of these improvements.
The three first heads of the Invention refer either to hand or power loom
machinery; the six last to power looms only.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and the means

page_text: which we adopt in carrying the same into effect, we would have it understood
that what we claim is the improvements herein explained.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Fawcett and Francis Best
Fawcett, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fourteenth day of
February, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-six.
Witness,
JOHN BEACH,
WILLIAM FAWCETT.
(L.S.)
FRANCIS BEST FAWCETT. (L.S.)
Clerk to Mr Brinton, Solicitor,
Kidderminster.