Improvements in Sunshades and Umbrellas.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 15th June, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 15th Mar., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 20th Apr., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Sunshades and Umbrellas.
I, JOHN ROBERT IVERY, of Woodbourne, Woodbourne Road, Edgbaston,
Warwickshire, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
This invention consists of the improvements herein described in the construction
and shape of sunshades and umbrellas each of which, according to this invention,
is somewhat in the form of a leaf (instead of being of the usual mushroom form
provided with a central stick) as for instance a palm leaf, bent into more or less
a concave form underneath and generally having a central stem extending the
whole length to serve at one end as a side stick or handle for carrying the sun-
shade or umbrella by. Jointed to or to parts sliding on this central stem are
branching ribs which, in combination with the stem, support the silk or other
covering when the sunshade or umbrella is open and which fold against the
central stem when the sunshade or umbrella is closed.
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These branching ribs and stem and the parts which maintain the ribs in their spread
out or open position may be constructed and combined together in various ways; for
instance, as in the palm leaf form above mentioned, the central stem may be a light
taper cane or other stick or a tube or metal rod slightly bow-shaped and at the lower
end crooked or otherwise formed as a handle. At opposite sides of the stem four ribs
(or more or less according to taste) are jointed at one end and all at about the same
point of the stick so that they can be spread out from one another on their jointed ends
or closed together and to the central stem. These ribs are of a bow-shape similar to
the central stem and they are preferably made of the well known"" paragon
wire which is n-shaped in cross section. The silk or other material with
which the frame of the sunshade or umbrella is covered is stretched across
the rib and central stem and secured thereto; and in order to readily
close or open the sunshade or umbrella and to maintain it open I provide one
or more pairs of links which at their outer ends are jointed to the ribs and at their
inner ends are jointed to a runner or moving stay on the central stem. By moving
this runner or stay along the central stem in one direction the links force the ribs
apart and the sunshade or umbrella is opened and by moving the runner or stay in the

page_text: opposite direction the ribs are brought together against the central stem and the sun-
shade or umbrella is closed. An ordinary spring catch or other means maintains the
runner or stay in position when the sunshade or umbrella is open. Or the ribs may
be secured in their spread out or open position by the first pair of ribs being
turned round until they lie against the stem where they are secured in the opposite
position to that in which they lay when the umbrella or sunshade was closed.
In another arrangement the ribs are jointed in pairs at opposite sides of and at
certain distances apart along the stem so as to fold against the stem or open out there-
from. The ends of the ribs may either be jointed to the central stem or to parts
sliding thereon.
The ribs are preferably arranged to be opened and closed and main-
tained open by a pair of rods one on either side of the stem which are jointed to the
ribs and connect them together, the extremities of these rods being jointed to con-
nections on the central stem. By moving one or other of the connections along the
stem in one direction the ribs will turn outwardly on their jointed ends together and
the sunshade or umbrella be opened and be maintained in that position by an ordinary
spring catch on the stem or other means fixing the runner or sliding connection ; on
the runner or sliding connection being moved in the opposite direction the ribs will be
turned on their jointed ends and with the said rods will lie against the central stem
and the sunshade or umbrella be closed.
In another modification of my invention the ribs are jointed to and radiate from a
central stick or stem similarly to an ordinary umbrella but instead of the ribs being of
an uniform length and the stick central as is now usually the case their lengths are so
proportioned that when the umbrella or sunshade is opened it is of an oval or leaf like
form, the stick being eccentric.
Dated this 11th day of June 1000

page_text: 1, JOHN ROBERT IVERY, of Woodbourne, Woodbourne Road, Edgbaston,
Warwickshire, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to he performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement :-
This invention consists of the improvements herein described in the construction and
shape of sunshades and umbrellas each of which, according to this invention, is some-
what in the form of a leaf (instead of being of the usual mushroom-form provided with
a central stick) as for instance a palm leaf, bent into more or less a concave form under-
neath and generally having a central stem extending the whole length to serve at one
end as a side stick or handle for carrying the sunshade or umbrella by. Jointed to or
to parts sliding on this central stem and branching ribs which, in combination with the
stem, support the silk or other covering when the sunshade or umbrella is open and
which fold against the central stem when the sunshade or umbrella is closed.
On the accompanying drawings Fig. 1 represents in plan and Fig. 2 in side eleva-
tion the framework of a sunshade or umbrella open constructed according to this
invention Fig. 3 is a plan of the same closed; Fig. 4 illustrates part of the same in
detail on an enlarged scale; Fig. 5 represents in plan and Fig. 6 in side elevation a
modification of the said framework open and Fig. 7 is a plan of the same closed Fig. 8
illustrates details of the same on an enlarged scale; Figs. 9 and 10 illustrate a further
modification of the same.
The same letters of reference indicate the same or corresponding parts in all the
Figures of the drawing.
Referring firstly more particularly to Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4, A is the central stem
which may be a light cane or other stick or a tube or metal rod bent into a bow shape
and at the lower end a¹ crooked or otherwise formed as a handle. Four pairs of ribs
marked respectively B1 B2, C1 C², D¹ D², E¹ E², by preference made of the same curve
as the stem A, are jointed to the stem and connected together as shewn that is to say
the ribs B' B2 cross each other and at the point b' where they cross they are jointed
together and to a runner f¹ which is free to slide along the stem A, the ribs B₁ B² are
also jointed at 62 to the pair of links G which latter are jointed to the stein A at g¹.
The inner ends 62 62 of the ribs B₁ B2 are jointed to the ribs C₁ C² and the latter are
jointed together at c¹ and to the runner f2. The inner ends c² of the ribs C¹² are
jointed to the next pair of ribs D' D² and these latter are jointed together at d¹ and to
the runner f³. The inner ends d³ of the ribs D'D' are jointed to the last pair of
ribs EE and these latter are jointed at c¹ to the runner ƒª.
A knob H is provided
on the last runner f* for convenience of moving the runner along the stem A.
the runner f is moved along the stem A as far towards the handle end thereof as it
will go the other runners will be moved proportionally and the ribs will turn on their
When

page_text: joints after the manner of a lazy tongs and closed against the stem as shewn in Fig. 3.
By pushing the runner f4 in the opposite direction that is away from the handle all the
ribs will be turned on their joints and spread out as shewn by Figs. 1 and 2. Any
ordinary spring or other catch i may if required be provided on the stem A to keep the
runner in this position. The silk or other covering J is fixed to the outer ends of the
ribs in the usual manner and to the extremity a² of the stem and to the stem at about
the point a³. When the sunshade or umbrolla is open the silk or other covering is
stretched tightly across the ribs but by the ribs being crossed and mounted on runners
and connected together as above described the covering does not prevent the ribs
folding together, as shewn in Fig. 3, when closed. The ribs are by preference made
of U-section steel wire which is flat at the jointed ends and where the ribs cross each
other. Instead of arranging the ribs on the upper side of the stem A as shewn they
may be arranged on the underside thereof. In the modification illustrated by Figs. 5,
6, 7 and 8 the pairs of bow shaped ribs marked respectively B₁ B², CC, D¹ Ď², E¹ E²,
are arranged on opposite sides of the stem and are jointed at their lower ends to about
the same point on the stick that is at a so that they can be spread out from one
another on their jointed ends as shewn by Figs. 5 and 6 or closed together and to the
stom A as shewn in Fig. 7. Each pair of ribs is connected to a pair of jointed links
and runners. The runners are respectively marked f¹ƒ ƒ³f and the pairs of
links kk, 2 k², k³k³, kk. The runners are connected together by a light rod 7 under
the stick so that they will move together. By the knob H fixed to the runner f* the
runners can be moved away from the handle end of the stick and the sunshade or
unbrella is opened and maintained open as shewn in Figs. 5 and 6 and by moving the
knob H in the opposite direction the ribs are caused to close against the stem A as
shewn in Fig. 7. The outline of the silk or other covering J as shewn by the dotted
lines is fixed to the ends of the ribs in the usual manner and to the joint at. An
ordinary spring catch may be provided on the stick for the last runner to spring
past so as to hold the sunshade or umbrella open. Fig. 8 shews one of the runners
and part of the stem on an enlarged scale. The stem A as used for either of the
examples shewn is by preference made square or oval or other suitable shape which
will prevent tho runners turning thereon.
In the modification illustrated by Figs. 9 and 10 the ribs are jointed in pairs at
opposite sides of the stem A and at certain distances apart so as to fold against the
stem or open out therefrom. In order to open or close the ribs together or to main-
tain them open a pair of parallel rods m, m are employed one on each side of the stem
jointed to each rib; a runner f having a knob H is also used and connected to the
last pair of ribs by the jointed links kk. By moving the runner f* towards the
handle the ribs are opened out from the stem and the sunshade or umbrella opened
(see Fig. 9) and by moving the runner in the opposite direction the sunshade or
umbrella is closed (see Fig. 10) or instead of connecting the ribs together by the
rods m m as shewn in Figs 9 and 10 each rib may be connected by a link to a runner
on the stem similarly to the example illustrated by Figs. 5, 6 and 7 and these runners
connected so that they will move together to open or close the ribs. Or the ends of
the links adjacent to the stem may be jointed thereto and the ends of the ribs adjacent
to the stem be jointed to runners on the stem.
When the framework is made as described with reference to Figs. 9 and 10 and
the modifications thereof the silk or other covering cannot be stretched tightly
when open as if so the sunshade or umbrella would not close, but the covering is
fixed loosely on the framework that is to say the covering is made larger than the
framework and connected to the outer ends of the ribs and puckered or pleated
and connected here and there to the 'framework so as not to prevent the frame-
work opening or closing.
In each example illustrated on my drawing four pairs of ribs are shewn as I
find this number answers well in practice but it is to be understood that I do not
limit myself to four pairs of ribs as fewer or more can be employed according to
taste and the size of the sunshade or umbrella.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
claim is:
1st. A sunshade or umbrella consisting of a bow shaped stem having jointed
s branching from each side and supporting the silk or other covering the said
s being linked or connected together so that they will open or close together
d be maintained open, substantially as set forth.
2nd. In sunshades and umbrellas of the kind claimed under claim 1, the arrange-
onts of parts as shewn in the accompanying drawings and described in the fore-
ing specification especially characterised by,
(a) The arrangement of the ribs illustrated by Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 arranged
to cross each other and jointed to runners on the stem A which when
moved in one direction cause the ribs to open outwardly and when moved
in the opposite direction cause the ribs to close against the stem A.
(b) The arrangement of the ribs links and runners illustrated by Figs. 5, 6,
7 and 8 the ribs being jointed somewhat near the handle end to the stem to
open out on either side thereof and jointed by links to runners connected
together on the stem so that by moving the runners in one direction the ribs
will open out from the stem together and on moving the runners in the opposite
direction the ribs will close against the stem.
(c) The arrangement of the ribs and connections shewn by Figs. 9 and 10, the
ribs being jointed at opposite sides of the stem at certain distances apart and
connected together by bars m m so that the ribs will open or close together.
Dated this 14th day of March 1889.