Improvements in Type Writing Machines.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Feb., 1891-Accepted, 16th May, 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Type Writing Machines.
I, BERNARD GRANVILLE, of Drayton Ohio, United States of America, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
The invention is an improvement in type writing machines and consists in the
mechanisms and combinations hereinafter particularly described and pointed out in
certain specified claims.
The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which-
Figure 1 is a plan view of the machine, the cover being removed.
Figure 2 is a vertical longitudinal section on the line x-x of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a fragment of a vertical longitudinal section on line x-x of Figure 1
with parts in elevation and showing some of the movements in dotted lines.
Figure 4 is a transverse vertical section on line x-x of Figure 3, showing the
carriage and operating mechanism therefor, the dotted lines indicating the working
positions of movable parts.
Figure 4 is a fragmentary view showing both of the pawls for controlling the
movements of the carriage, raised, and the position of the cam levers relatively
thereto.
Figure 5 is a vertical longitudinal section on line 23x of Figure 1.
Figure 6 is a transverse vertical section of the machine on line x-x of Figure 5
showing the carriage operating mechanism.
Figure 7 is a transverse vertical section on line x-x of Figure 2, with the
carriage in front elevation.
Figure 8 is a fragment of a longitudinal section on line of Figure 1.
Figure 9 is an end view of the paper roller and attached parts.
Figure 10 is a front fragmentary view partly broken away, showing the letter
spacing mechanism.
Figure 11 is a fragmentary longitudinal vertical section on line - of
Figure 12, showing the ribbon holder and operating means.
Figure 12 is a horizontal section on line x-x of Figure 11, and shows in plan
view the ribbon spools and mechanism for operating the same, and also the frame
for supporting the type bars.
Figure 13 (Sheet 4) is a detail of the bell and its operating cam.
Figure 14 is a plan view of the same.
The frame A is braced by stays A and A. The key levers B, each rest upon
springs (Figure 2) on a cross bar A³. A cross bar A at the front of the frame
has a series of teeth a, projecting downward, and toward the rear is another cross
bar A having similar teeth a', projecting upward. The front ends of the key levers
are placed between these teeth affording lateral support thereto. The rear ends of
the key levers are held down on the springs s, by a cross bar A so that the
depression of a key will compress the spring s, the rear end pivoting on the bar A,
and when the key is released the spring raises the key to its normal position. A
series of bell crank levers C' are pivoted to the studs C, on the cross bars A', the
lower arms of which are connected by links C' to the key levers. The long arms
of the bell cranks are connected to the type bars a² (Figs. 1 and 2) by links a³,
there being a flexible joint at a. The studs C are alternately of different height,
so that the bell crank levers C¹, are brought into similar relative position, thus
affording greater space between each pair at their ends than elsewhere, and giving
ample room for the play or movement of their joints at their connection with the
links a', and C, without interference with each other. To the cross bar A' is
ร

page_text: attached a frame for the type bars, which consists of a plate D, (Figure 12),
provided with four posts d, to the front and rear pairs of which are attached
plates d', provided with square or angular holes &, (Figure 11), for the type bars
to rest and slide back and forth in. These holes are so arranged that the type bars
converge so as to strike the same point when separately pushed backward to the
platen. The type bars are thus supported independently of the key levers and bell
crank levers C, and the jointed connection of the links as to the type bars affords
an easy endwise play to the latter without lateral strain. Stop bars C for the bell
crank levers extend across the machine. At the rear end of the machine is a
carriage track or way consisting of cross bars A', A³. The carriage frame E is
provided at its ends with uprights E', in which the shaft E of the paper roller E'
is journalled. On one side of the carriage frame is a roller e, which runs on the
cross bar A7, and on the other side, said frame rests on the top of grooved rollers e¹,
supported from the side of the cross bar A. To prevent the carriage from being
displaced from the track, an arm or lug e2 is fastened to the cross bar A', the upper
end of which arm projects over the top of the side rail on that side of the carriage
and on the other side screws e³ (Figure 3) set in the upper edge of the cross bar A
with their heads projecting over the side rail of the carriage to keep it in place.
The carriage frame has a ratchet bar E which has teeth along its upper edge and
teeth along the rear side by means of which the movements of the carriage are
governed as hereinafter described. To a cross bar A there are attached two
studs C, to one of which is pivotted a spring pawl c¹, and to the other of which is
another spring pawl c², both of said pawls when let down being adapted to antagonize
the inclined teeth on the upper edge of the ratchet bar E³, and prevent the move-
ment of the carriage frame towards the right but not towards the left. Said
pawl is normally in contact with said ratchet bar, but the pawl c¹ is held normally
out of contact therewith by the upwardly projecting arm f, of a cam lever F,
which bears on a pin c on the pawl. The lever F, is connected by a link f¹, to a
lever F, having a key F. By depressing this key the long arm of the cam lever
is raised and the arm thrown to the right. This allows the pawl c¹, to spring down
into engagement with the teeth of said ratchet. This movement of the arm f, by
reason of its beveled or cam shaped surface, on the side toward the pawl c², coming
under the pin c³, projecting therefrom, raises said last named pawl out of contact
with said ratchet bar immediately after the engagement of said pawl c¹, therewith,
and on the release of the key F a spring s¹ (Figures 3 and 5) reverses the move-
ment of said arm f¹, and allows the pawl ², to return and come to normal engage-
ment with the ratchet bar, and through the bevel or cam face on the side toward
the pawl c', coming under pin c¹ thereof, returns the latter pawl to normal elevated
position. The pawl c is also held out of contact with said ratchet bar by another
upwardly projecting arm g, of a distinct cam lever G, connected by a link g¹ to a
lever G¹, having a key G. The depression of this key throws the arm g, to the
right and its cam surface engages the pin c³ of said pawl and raises it in the same
manner as said arm f, does, and a spring & reverses the movement of lever G', and
thereby reverses said arm g, and allows said pawl to return to normal position.
The projection of the pin c of pawl c', is not sufficient to reach the arm g, and
therefore it has no effect on the latter pawl. Pins 1 set in the cross bar A° operate
as stops to the arms f, g. The lever G¹ is pivoted at g² to the side of the frame,
and moves in a slot in the part y³, which operates as a guide. It also has a down-
wardly projecting rod G³, the lower end of which rests on the rocking frame. The
vibrating frame consists of two side bars H, pivoted at h, a cross bar H', at the rear
end connected to the side bars H so as to lie above the key levers B, and it also
includes a cross bar H³, near the front end connected to the side bars H, so as to
lie below the key levers at the front. To the cross bar H' is connected by a link h',
a sliding plate H³ which is held against the cross bar A' by a cap plate H having a
groove in which said sliding plate moves. To said sliding plate is pivoted a spring
pawl (Figure 10) which plays laterally in the groove of said cap plate. The
face of said piece comes against the ends of the teeth e*, and has projecting there-

page_text: from the diagonal feather cam ³ which works between said teeth. During the
upward movement the spring of the piece 2 permits the lower end of said piece to
be moved toward the left sufficient to allow said feather cam to pass upward
between said teeth without moving the carriage, but as soon as the feather cam
rises above said teeth the spring throws the lower end of said piece to the right and
against the wall of said groove, so that the downward movement will force the
feather cam against the tooth immediately below it, the pin passing down between
the wall of the groove and the tooth, and thereby move the carriage one tooth
toward the left by the downward movement of said feather cam. This is shown in
Figure 10 of the drawings. The feather cam is here shown in its lowest working
position. As the carriage is thus moved one notch to the left the pawl c³ rides
over one of the teeth on the top of said ratchet bar, and falls into the next notch
so as to retain the carriage in position for the printing of the next letter. The
carriage frame is connected by a belt I, to a disc I', (Fig. 4) operated by a barrel
spring I arranged so as to be compressed by the movement of the carriage toward
the left during the operation of printing a line, the returning power of the rocking
frame if the spring S, is brought to bear on the feather cam, being sufficient to
compress the barrel spring and move the carriage in opposition thereto, and the
pawl holding the carriage against the barrel spring when free from the control of
the feather cam. The carriage is thus held stationary during the depression of the
rocking frame, and is moved one notch to the left by the return of said frame to
normal position. By the depression of the rocking frame the feather cam is raised
above and freed from contact with the teeth e and when held in this position the
pawls c, e may be worked by means of key F2, and its connecting levers before
described, for the purpose of moving the carriage to the right. The depression of
said key lowers the pawl c and raises the pawl c², in such manner as to allow one
tooth of the ratchet to pass them, and the carriage under the pressure of the barrel
spring, being relieved of the pressure in the opposite direction by the elevation of
the feather cam will move to the right through one letter space, so that by repeated
depressions of said key, the carriage can be moved back to the proper point
anywhere in the line to correct a mistake in the printing.
By means of the key G2 and its connecting levers the pawl c' is raised without
lowering the pawl c. This key is connected with the rocking frame as before
described so that when depressed it also depresses said rocking frame and raises
the feather cam and pawl c² together, and the carriage then moves to the right to
the end of the line, said key being held down until the movement is completed.
Each of the key levers B, is also connected with the rocking frame by having its
lower side rest on the top of the cross bar H³, of said rocking frame, so that the
depression of any key lever to print a letter rocks said rocking frame and elevates
the feather cam into position so that the return thereof to normal position will
move the carriage one letter space to the left. The rocking frame also has the
side bars extended back and bent up at H' so as to come against the under side of
the space bar J, which is supported on side bars J', pivoted to the sides of the
frame A, and having a springs, on one side to hold the space bar up when the
rocking frame is rocked by a key lever or by key lever G. The paper roller E²
is attached to a shaft E, which is provided with a barrel spring E (Fig. 4). The
casing of this spring is provided with a ratchet and spring pawl of the ordinary
construction to secure the winding of the spring which is arranged to turn the
paper roller so as to carry the paper up to make a space between lines. To the
opposite end of the paper roller is secured an escapement wheel E' provided with
three rows e, e, e', of teeth of different sizes, to give different spaces between the
lines of printing. The escapement lever K, (Figs. 8 and 9) is secured to a sliding
rock shaft K', (Fig. 4) which is pressed lengthwise in one direction by a spring s
(Figure 6) and in the opposite direction by a thumb nut K', whereby the shifting
of the nut is made to shift the position of the escapement lever to engage the
different teeth. The escapement lever is shifted from one space to another at one
revolution of the nut, and the nut has a recess & into which the end of said rock

page_text: shaft is forced by spring & to cause a slight stop at the completion of the
revolution.
A spring (Fig. 8) is set into one arm of the escapement lever, the other end
$8
bearing on the frame in which the rock shaft K' is journalled in such manner as
to keep the front pallet (Figs. 8 and 9) normally in contact with the escapement
wheel, and the rear one ³ free. A single rocking of said shaft K¹, allows but one
tooth to pass the pallet which checks the roller at the next and thus fixes the
space between lines according to the space between the teeth with which the
escapement lever is at the time working.
The rocking of said shaft is effected by a vibrating frame L, pivoted at 1,
(Figures 2 and 3) to the uprights E'. To the cross bar A' is pivoted a lever L'
having a pin (Figures 7 and 8) projecting under the outer bar of said frame L'.
The opposite end of the lever L', is connected by a link L³, to a lever L³
(Figure 8), so that by the depression of the key L of said lever, the lever L' will
he operated thus raising the frame L by the pin at projecting under said frame.
The frame has a lug which comes into contact with the escapement lever K and
moves the free end into contact with the escapement wheel, thereby rocking said
rock shaft and disengaging the pallet and allowing one tooth to pass. The
pallet checks the escapement wheel as soon as the tooth passes the point of the
pallet and holds it until the escapement lever is returned to normal position,
which takes place under the action of the spring & as soon as the key L is
released, and then the pallet 2 checks it by engagement with the next tooth and
holds it until there is another depression of key L. A spring returns the
lever L³ and its connected parts to normal position upon the release of said key.
The paper is held against the paper roller by a spring roller M which is
journalled in a frame consisting of end pieces M', M', and cross bar M³, said end
pieces being pivoted to the carriage frame at m, and springs 87 hold the said roller
normally in contact with the paper roller. To one of the uprights E', is pivoted a
cam lever N, the end n, of which comes in contact, when the lever is moved, with a
pin n', on one of the end pieces M' and by moving the roller frame out, carries the
roller M out from the paper roller, to allow the paper to be put in, and when said
lever is thrown back to normal position (as seen in Figure 9) the springs
operating on the cross bar M², clamp the paper in so that as the paper roller is
released by a depression of the key L' as described and makes a partial rotation,
the paper will be carried up through the distance of the space between the lines.
The paper is directed by a chute O, and by spring arms O' extending up in front
of the roller.
The lever N operates on a spring pawl N', adapted to engage a ratchet wheel eª,
for checking the movement of the paper roller when the roller M is thrown off to
put in paper, the said pawl being held normally out of contact with its ratchet
by a pin non said pawl which is cammed out by a cam n³ of said lever when
returning to normal position, and so held while in position. By the operation of
throwing off the roller M said pin is released and said pawl is then permitted to
come into engagement and check any movement of the paper roller while the parts
are in position indicated.
The ribbon holder P, to which the tension clamps p are attached, are pivotted
at p¹ to the posts d, of the frame D, and in front of the pivoting point has an
upwardly extending arm p². To this arm is connected a link p, which is connected
to an arm P connected in turn to the rocking frame H, and is deflected forward
and raised slightly by the depression of the front end of said rocking frame, as
shown in dotted lines in Figure 11. When the frame H, is depressed for a printing
action the ribbon is lifted through the device just described in advance of the type
bar which strikes it and makes the impression, after which the ribbon falls with
the release of the key and the movement of the frame H, ready for the next
action.
For the purpose of drawing the ribbon from the spool P1, the shaft of the
spool P is provided with a ratchet wheel Q. A spring pawl Q', is arranged to

page_text: prevent the rotation of said spool in one direction, and on the opposite side is a
spring pawl Qattached to the end of a lever Q pivoted to the cross bar A. The
arm passes through a slot q, in the end of said lever so that the backward and
forward movements of said arm work said lever and turn the ratchet and draw the
ribbon from the spool P by the successive actions. The spools are then
exchanged, Peing placed on the shaft of P2, which shaft is provided with a fixed
spline q' fitting a groove in the spools for causing the spool to turn with said shaft,
the other spool turning freely on the fixed spindle.
For the purpose of holding the rocking frame H depressed at the front, the
shifting lever R, is used pivoted at r. This lever is used when the reverse spacer
is to be used for some time. To the cross bar A is adjustably attached a signal
bell T (Figs. 13 and 14). The hammer is pivoted at t, and is pressed toward the
bell by a spring, the wire supporting the hammer resting on a pin t'. The part t
is depressed in passing the cam t³ attached to the carriage frame E, so as to raise
the hammer which strikes as soon as the part passes the cam. The spring of
the wire after striking pin t¹, allows the hammer to strike the bell and then retracts
it sufficiently to prevent muffling. Any adjustable stops may be used to limit the
carriage movement.
A pointer V₁ is carried by an arm v held adjustably by a screw V, (Fig. 11)
which enables the operator to determine the printing point and to adjust the paper
accurately.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
:-
1. In a type writer and in combination, a laterally movable carriage under
constant stress tending to move it to the right, and provided with a ratchet bar, an
actuating pawl arranged to operate on said ratchet bar, to feed the carriage to the
left, a rocking frame connected to said pawl for operating the same and releasing it
from the ratchet bar, two holding pawls, one normally in and the other normally
out of connection with the teeth of said ratchet bar, a cam lever as F, arranged to
act on said pawls, to permit the carriage to move to the right, step by step when
the actuating pawl is released, a key lever and connections therefrom to the said
cam lever, all substantially as described.
2. In a type writer and in combination, a laterally movable carriage under
constant stress tending to move it to the right, and provided with a ratchet bar, an
actuating pawl arranged to operate on said ratchet bar to feed the carriage to the
left, a rocking frame connected to said pawl for operating the same and releasing it
from the ratchet bar, two holding pawls, one normally in and the other normally
out of connection with the teeth of said ratchet bar, a cam lever as F, arranged to
act on said pawls to permit the carriage to move to the right step by step when the
actuating pawl is released, a key lever and connections therefrom to the said cam
lever, a cam lever as G, arranged to act on the holding pawl, a key lever and
connections therefrom to the cam lever G, all substantially as described.
3. In combination with the paper cylinder of a type writer, a spring for turning.
said cylinder, an escapement wheel connected with said cylinder and having two or
more rows of teeth differently spaced on its periphery, an escapement lever laterally
movable and laterally operating adjusting mechanism for said escapement lever, a
key lever and frame for rocking the escapement lever and intermediate mechanism
connecting said key lever to said frame, all substantially as described.
Dated this 16th day of February 1891.
SLOAN & LLOYD BARNES,
Castle Chambers, Castle Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.