IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS AND IN CHIMNEYPIECES, IN MACHINERY FOR THE PREPARATION OF CLAYS AND OTHER MATERIALS, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EARTHENWARE ARTICLES
Year: 1849

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME,. I, WILLIAM
Toor, of 75, Broad Street, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Eighth day of February,
in the twelfth year of Her reign, did give and grant unto me, the said
William Tooth, my exors, adññiors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said William Tooth, my
exors, adñiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Tooth, my
exors, adiñors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter, during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend my
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS AND IN CHIMNEYPIECES, IN
MACHINERY FOR THE PREPARATION OF CLAYS AND OTHER MATERIALS, AND IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF EARTHENWARE ARTICLES," within that part of Her said
Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England,
Her Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed; in which said
Letters Patent there is contained a proviso requiring that I, the said William
Tooth, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an-Instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be inrolled
in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months

page_text: next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent,
as, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Tooth, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly set forth and
described in and by this present Specification, reference being had to the four
several Sheets of Drawings hereunto belonging and forming part thereof, that
is to say :-
Firstly, with reference to Waterclosets, my Invention consists :-(I.), in con-
structing them with discharge valves or plugs in such manner that the closing
surfaces thereof shall, in use, slide or rub against the valve-seat or other parts
of the watercloset, so as to keep the said valves or plugs constantly clean, and
effectually to close the opening to which they are applied; (II.), in constructing
them with conically or with spherically faced discharge valves or plugs; (III.),
in constructing them with an oblique or slanting pipe or tube running from
underneath the pan into a discharge pipe or tube, for the convenience of
adapting discharge valves of various kiuds in such discharge pipe or tube;
(IV.), in constructing them with discharge valves made to act against or close
an opening formed by the oblique termination of the bottom of the pan or
pipe in continuation thereof. In all the Figures of the Drawings representing
waterclosets, or parts of then, the corresponding portions-are marked with
similar letters of reference.
(I.) The following Figures illustrate the first division under this head or
part of my Invention:-Figures 1 and 2 are views corresponding with cach
othor of a watercloset with conical or taper plug or cock, disposed transversely.
to the direction of the discharge pipe. a is the pan, the lower portion of which
fits into the top of the discharge pipe b, which also forms the seat box or case
of the plug or cock c. e, e, springs for keeping the plug in its seat. f, rod
for turning the plug by means of a crank, and for actuating the lever g,
to cause a supply of water to the pan through the supply pipe when
required. It is evident that in use the conical closing surface of the plug c
will rub against the conical scat b, into which it is fitted, and conse-
quently be kept cleansed. Figure 3 represents a watercloset with a hollow
conical or taper plug or valve, disposed longitudinally with regard to the
discharge pipe. The valve is shewn detached in the separate corresponding
views, Figures 4, 5, and 6. Figure 7 is a plan view of Figure 8, but with
the pan a removed. The inside of the discharge pipe b is the seat of the
valve c, which, without being raised or lowered, is turned when required by
the crank at the top of the rod f, so as to present the lateral opening in the

page_text: valve against the opening of the oblique pipe into the discharge pipe b, or
vice versa. I is an ordinary syphon tube of lead, gutta-percha, or other suitable
material for carrying off any superfluous supply of water. A syphon tube
should also be applied to the watercloset represented at Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 8 represents a watercloset with a cylindrical-faced valve, which works
longitudinally in the discharge pipe b. c is the valve, a plan of which is shewn in
the horizontal section, Figure 9, and a back view of it in Figure 10. The rod f
serves to work the valve. m is packing to prevent the escape of any smell from
the orifice through which the rod f works. e, a spring to keep the valve up to
the surface against which it works. l, syphon pipe. Figure 11 represents a
watercloset with a disc valve, which turns or works on an axis supported by the
discharge pipe. c is the valve, which may be turned by a lever attached to one
end of the axis, which projects through the discharge pipe b. The working
surface of the valve is covered with leather or other suitable material to cause
it to close the discharge pipe effectually. Figure 12 represents a watercloset
with a plate or valve, which slides against the bottom edge of the pan or of a
pipe coming therefrom. A sliding motion is communicated to the valve c by
means of the pinion n and circular rack o, by turning the rod f. g, g, cranks
and rods, also worked by turning the rod f, and being for the purpose of causing
a supply of water. Figure 13 is a plan of Figure 12 with certain parts removed.
(II.) With regard to the second division of this head of my Invention,
Figure 14 represents a watercloset with a conical plug fitting into the dis-
charge pipe, which forms a seat for it, the said plug working longitudinally
therein. The plug c is to be lifted by means of the rod f, when it is required
to discharge the contents of the pan. Figure 15, a sectional view of the plug.
Figure 16 represents a watercloset with discharge valve, with conical face
presented upwards, and made to close the passage through the dischargo
pipe b. The valve c is opened by pushing down the rod f. p, a spring
for lifting the rod and returning the valve to its seat. Figure 17 represents a
watercloset with discharge valve, with conical face presented downwards, and
made to close the passage through the discharge pipe. The weight of the
valve renders a spring unnecessary. The rod ƒ for lifting the valve c, when
required, works through a hole in a cover m of leather or other suitable
material to prevent the escape of smell. Figures 18, 19, and 20, are corre-
sponding detached views of the valve shewn in Figure 17. Figure 21 repre-
sents a watercloset having a discharge valve, with a spherical face, the
general construction and action of which will be understood on reference to the
Drawing, it being a modification of the plans already described.
-
(IL) The Figures 3. 7. 8. 14. 16, 17, already herein-before described,

page_text: serve to illustrate the mode of construction referred to under the third head of
this division of my Invention, k in each of these Figures being the oblique
tube or pipe connecting the bottom of the pan or basin with the discharge
pipe b. The Figure 22 also illustrates the said mode of construction, and also
exhibits another way of applying a cylindrically faced discharge valve, namely,
by applying it laterally against the opening it is intended to cover instead of
in the sliding manner illustrated by the Figure 8.
(IV.) The Figure 23 shews the mode of construction referred to under the
fourth division of this head of my Invention. The bottom of the pan a has an
oblique termination, and is furnished with a discharge plate or valve, which,
when pressed against it closes the opening, and when removed allows the pan
to become emptied of its contents.
(I., II., III, and IV.)-I would here remark, that I manufacture not only
the pans, but also the oblique connecting pipes, discharge pipes, plugs, and
valves, of earthenware or of glass, in the former of which materials more
especially they may be made at a small cost comparatively with that of the cor-
responding parts of ordinary waterclosets; and I manufacture these several parts
of the forms required, as represented in the Drawings, by moulding or pressing,
according to the modes hitherto practised in the manufacture of earthenware or
glass articles. And I would here remark, that, in order to ensure that the plugs
and valves shall properly perform their office, I grind them in the ordinary manner
in or against the seats or situations in or against which they act. In Figures 12,
21, and 24, I have also represented casings » for covering up or boxing in
the valves, levers, &c.; and these casings I also manufacture of earthenware
or glass. I do not, however, confine myself to the use of carthenware or glass
as the material employed in the manufacture of the pans, oblique connecting
pipes, discharge pipes, plugs, valves, casings, or other parts, but iron or any
other suitable metal or inaterial may be substituted. The several parts of
each watercloset respectively are to be placed together in the manner repre-
sented in the Drawings, cement being used to connect those parts made of
earthenware or glass which are intended to remain permanently connected.
Secondly, with reference to Chimneypieces, my Invention consists in a novel
mode of producing the effect ordinarily obtained by cementing or joining slabs
together (that is to say, the appearance of considerable projection from the
wall of the room), by moulding in one piece portions which hitherto have been
made in two or more pieces so cemented or joined together. The Figures 25,
26, 27, and 28, illustrate the manner of carrying into effect this head of my
Invention. Figure 25 represents a front elevation of a chimneypiece,

page_text: presenting the same appearance, whether manufactured in the ordinary manner
or according to my Invention. Figures 26 and 27, portions of the same as
they are intended to be fitted together according to my Invention. Figure 28,
a horizontal section, taken across one of the jambs, showing that the whole of
such jamb is one piece instead of being produced by joining slabs together in
the ordinary manner, as shewn in transverse section of such a jamb in Figure 29,
and in side elevation of a chimneypiece in Figure 30. Exclusive of the
shelf A, which is formed of a slab in the ordinary manner, I manufacture my
chimneypieces in three portions, that is to say, two upright portions, commonly
called jambs, and one horizontal portion resting on the jambs. I form each
of these portions out of glass or of clay, or of that description of earthenware
called stoneware, by moulding or pressing the material used into moulds
corresponding with the form required to be given to such portions, which may
be ornamental or otherwise, as preferred. The portions so moulded I join up
or cement together, to form a chimneypiece in the manner represented,
employing a slab as usual for a shelf.
Thirdly, with reference to Machinery for the Preparation of Clays and other
Materials, my Invention consists in a mode of separating the finer from the
coarser particles of such clay or materials by straining through a sieve, the
said mode being the constructing machinery or apparatus for producing this
effect by forcing the said finer particles through the openings or meshes of the
sieve by means of atmospheric pressure. The manner in which I carry into
effect this head of my Invention is "as follows:-I employ machinery or
apparatus such as is represented at Figures 31 and 32, in sectional elevation
and horizontal section respectively. G is a cast-iron cylinder closed at the
bottom and open at the top, the inside of the said cylinder being bored to
receive the ring or piston H, which is turned to fit it. I, a screw, with a
lever K at its top for turning it, working through a correspondingly threaded
female screw in the-bridge L on the top of the cylinder. The lower end of
the screw I is attached to and raises or depresses the piston H, accordingly as
the said screw is turned. M is a cock or tap at the bottom of the cylinder
for drawing off the contents below the piston when the material operated upon
is sufficiently mixed with water for the purpose. The piston consists of a
ring with radiating ribs or struts, which support one or more layer or layers
of gauze wire, lawn, silk, or other suitable fabric of the fineness desired. The
action is as follows:-I depress the piston to the bottom of the cylinder and
close the cock M; I then put in at the top of the cylinder the clay or material
to be operated upon, mixed with such a quantity of water as will render it

page_text: sufficiently plastic or fluid to pass through the openings in the sieve or piston
employed. I then turn the screw so as to raise the piston, the tendency of
which is to create a vacuum beneath it, and, in consequence of which, the
atmospheric pressure will force the finer particles of the clay or other material
through the openings in the sieve or piston, and effect the object desired. On
the removal of the remaining clay or material from the upper side of the sieve
or piston, or of a sufficient portion thereof to allow the air to pass through,
the cock M may be opened and the finer portions of the clay or material
removed, if sufficiently fluid to pass; but if too thick to run, the piston must
be removed and the strained material taken out. This machinery or apparatus
will be found particularly useful in the preparation of mineral paints, and may
be used for many other materials required to be strained.
Fourthly, with reference to the Manufacture of Earthenware Articles, my
Invention consists in making tubes or pipes and gutters by forcing the
material of which they are made through dod or force plates which have no
bridges. Figures 33, 34, and 35, shew different dod or force plates in which
the dod and plate are formed in one piece (and therefore require no bridge to
connect them), and are so formed or shaped as to give the required form,
according to the transverse sectional shape of the tube, or pipe, or gutter to be
made. P is a rod by which the dod plate may be worked within a cylinder, so
as to force the material (which is employed in a plastic state) through the
opening or openings in the manner ordinarily practised. Figures 36 and 37
shew how the pieces produced by the die represented in Figure 33 may be
placed together to form complete tubes; and the Figures 38 and 39 shew the
same with regard to the pieces produced by the die represented in Figure 34.
Figures 40 and 41 shew end views of half-circular pipes formed from pieces of
the two forms produced by the dod plate represented at Figure 35.. Figure
42 shews how the portions of pipes may be applied to cover over a brick
drain or sewer. Figures 43, 44, 45, and 46, shew end views of various
forms of gutters which may be produced from corresponding dod plates, in the
same manner as the pieces of tube or pipe from the dod plate represented in
Figures 33, 34, and 35. Figure 47 shews how the gutter represented in
Figure 46 may be readily covered over to form a pipe or drain. The pieces
produced from the several dies I either dry and bake separately, or whilst
plastic I unite the edges intended to be joined together by placing the pieces
in a mould of the proper form, and using cores when necessary.. And in
order to ensure that the pieces shall properly fit together the edges may, if
preferred, be made as represented in Figures 36 and 37, or in any other.

page_text: suitable manner, whether dried and baked either before or after so placing
thein together.
Figures 48 and 49 show an exterior and sectional elevation respectively
of a machine or apparatus for producing with dod plates having no bridges,
and completely in one piece (instead of in two or more pieces, as in the
manner already described), lengths of tubes or pipes of such form in transverse
section that they completely enclose a space, as in ordinary circular tubes or
pipes. Figure 50 is a plan, and Figure 51 a horizontal section, taken as
denoted by the dotted line in Figures 48 and 49. Qis the framework; R, a
rod keyed thereto at R* R*, and carrying at its lower end the dod S; S*, the
outer portion of the dod plate bolted to the bottom of the cylinder T, which is
fixed to the framework; U, a spur wheel, to which motion may be given in any.
convenient manner, for turning the screw W. This revolves around the rod R,
and raises or depresses the bar X, the ends of which slide against V slides
fixed to the framework. Y, Y, rods keyed to the bar X, their lower ends
carrying the plunger Z. The action is as follows:-Supposing the plunger
raised to its full height, the material used is to be put into the cylinder, when,
on giving motion to the spur wheel U, so as to depress the plunger, the mate-
rial will be forced out in one pièce, and may be cut into lengths and removed,
as in the manner ordinarily practised when using dod plates with bridges.
Having now described the nature of each head or part of my Invention,
and also the manner in which each head or part is to be respectively performed,
I wish it to be distinctly understood that,
Firstly, I do not claim anything in regard to the pans of waterclosets, nor
any of the mechanical arrangements for causing a supply of water to such
pans; but I do claim the constructing waterclosets as herein-before set forth
under the four several subdivisions of the first head or part of my Invention,
and as described under the said subdivisions, excepting in so far as such
construction is above disclaimed.
Secondly, I do not claim the operation of moulding in glass or earthenware,
in the manufacture of chimneypieces, excepting in the mode herein set forth;
but I do claim the manufacture of chimneypieces in the said mode as herein
set forth, and as described under the second head or part of my Invention.
Thirdly, I do not claim the separation of the finer from the coarser particles
of clays or other materials by straining through a sieve, excepting in the mode
herein set forth; but I do claim the construction of machinery for the prepa-
ration of clays and other materials, as herein set forth, and as described under
the third head or part of my Invention.

page_text: Fourthly, I do not claim in the manufacture. of earthenware articles the
forcing the material of which they are made through dod plates, except such
as have no bridge; but I do claim the improvement in the manufacture of
earthenware, as hercin set forth, and as described under the fourth head or
part of my Invention.
In witness whercof, I, the said William Tooth, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.