IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Jensen, of Chancery Lane, London, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH FIRE-PLACES.”
- A communication from abroad by the Firm P. Pütz, of
20
Austria
Sealed the 19th April 1876, and dated the 30th December 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Jensen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 30th December 1875.
I, PETER JENSEN, of Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED
WITH FIRE-PLACES," (a communication to me from abroad by the Firm
P. Pütz, of Simmering, near Vienna, Austria,) to be as follows:-
These improvements refer to and consist in a system of heating which
is applicable for heating rooms and buildings, for kitchen and other
stoves, and for furnaces and fire-places for smelting and other manu-
facturing purposes requiring any desired degree of heat.
.
Ordinary fire-places do not admit of the free access of air, do not.
admit of a thicker layer of fuel than 3 or 4 inches, require occasional
.

page_text: timely stirring or poking and clearing of the grate (without, however,
ensuring complete combustion), and occasion smoke.
Now, according to this Invention the aforesaid evils are done away
with, more especially by the application of a perfect and constant draught
of air.
The combustion takes place in a removable basket-like vessel which
may be called the grate box; it has openings for the free admission of
air from below through apertures in the bottom, and horizontally from
the front and sides through apertures in the front and sides. The shape
of the grate box in plan may be that of straight front and back and
flat sides tapering off somewhat towards the front; or front and sides
may be of a half round or curved shape. Above this grate box con-
taining the burning fuel is placed a supply chamber, closed at the top
but open below, and containing fuel, which by its weight falls down
into the burning fuel in the grate box below as the fuel in the latter is
consumed; the supply chamber takes a charge suitable for several hours*
duration, and can be filled by first removing the top cover, which is
luted with sand or water. The fuel in the supply chamber becomes
heated and partially coked before reaching the grate box below. No
poking or raking of the fire is practically found necessary by this
arrangement.
The draught is regulated by raising or lowering the supply vessel, or
a sliding ring on the same, as required, which may conveniently be done
by means of a hand wheel and screw; the area for the horizontal air
admission is thereby increased or diminished. By rapid lowering the
fire becomes extinguished immediately.
Any number of apparatus, as described, may be arranged or combined
together, whereby a further regulation of the heat may be obtained,
viz., by putting a greater or less number of them out of or into
action.
:
As this system causes no smoke the chimney need not be high. The
economy in fuel is considerable.
The heat generated may be carried off to a stove with zig-zag shelves
or deflectors, or to steam boilers, puddling furnaces, or other furnaces,
kilns, or stoves.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Peter Jensen in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 30th June 1876.
'
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
JENSEN, of Chancery Lane, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-five, in
the thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
▸ successors, give and grant unto me, the said Peter Jensen, Her special
licence that I, the said Peter Jensen, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Peter Jensen, my exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, usc,
excrcise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH FIRE-PLACES," (a communication
to me from abroad by the Firm P. Pütz, of Simmering, near
O Vienna, Austria,) upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Peter Jensen, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
5 the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
•
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter Jensen, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
O be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thercon, that is to

page_text: facturing purposes requiring any dosired degree of heat.
Ordinary fire-places do not admit of the free access of air, do not
admit of a thicker layer of fuel than 3 or 4 inches, require occasional
timely stirring or poking and clearing of the grate (without, however,
ensuring complete combustion), and occasional smoke.
Now, according to this Invention the aforesaid evils are done away
with, .more especially by the application of a perfect and constant
draught of air.
The combustion takes place in a removable basket-like vessel, which
may be called the grate box; it has openings for the free admission of
air from below through apertures in the bottom, and horizontally from
the front and sides through apertures in the front and sides. The
shape of the grate box in plan may be that of straight front and back,
and flat sides tapering off somewhat towards the front, or front and
sides may be of a half round or curved shape. Above this grate box
containing the burning fuel is placed a supply chamber, closed at the
top but open below, and containing fuel which by its weight falls down
into the burning fuel in the grate box below as the fuel in the latter is
consumed; the supply chamber takes a charge suitable for several
hours duration, and can be filled by first removing the top cover, which
is luted with sand or water. The fuel-in the supply chamber becomes
heated and partially coked before reaching the grate box below. No
poking or raking of the fire is practically found necessary by this
arrangement.
The draught is regulated by raising or lowering the supply vessel, or
a sliding ring on the same, as required, which may conveniently be
done by means of a hand wheel and screw; the area for the horizontal
air admission is thereby increased or diminished. By rapid lowering
the fire becomes extinguished immediately.
Any number of apparatus, as described, may be arranged or com-
bined together, whereby a further regulation of the heat may be
obtained, viz., by putting a greater or less number of them out of or
into action.
As this system causes no smoke the chimney need not be hich The

page_text: The grate box is jointed on to a plate F forming part of or a con-
tinuation of the chamber B; this plate has a hole corresponding to the
size of the flue or opening from the grate box to the rear towards the
boiler flue. By raising the grate box its draft or burning surface is
drawn up into the stationary guide ring E, the plate F at the same time i
correspondingly closing the lower part of the flue. The fire may; in
this manner be regulated or checked as required. The lining protects
the inside of the chamber B against the heat till the fire drawn up
into it becomes extinguished.
When the grate box is lowered so far down that its upper rail is 1
quite free of the ring E, the grate box with contents falls down turning
on its hinges. Arms fitted with guide rollers working against guides on
the outside of the chamber B may be fixed on the ring E, so as to
ensure easy working.
The apparatus applied to the puddling furnace, sec Figure 3, may 1
be similar to the one just described, as shown.
Figure 4 is a diagram of a stove fitted with this apparatus, and
formed with diagonal or zig-zag deflectors or shelves for causing the
heat to pass a longer way before escaping into the chimney, and for
causing it to strike more directly against the heating surface.
Figure 5 is a diagram of a kitchen stove fitted with this apparatus
on one side, the heat passing off to the chimney in any well-known or
desired manner.
The mode of raising and lowering the grate box may vary con-
siderable, and is not restricted to the employment of a screw.
The shape of the grate box and other parts of the apparatus whether
of round, three-cornered, or of more angles, is of minor importance,
although I have here shewn a very suitable shape and construction ;
neither is the application of the Invention restricted to the materials
here named.
Ignited by wood the layer of coal lying next to the flaming wood will
fire promptly in consequence of the equal, continuous, and threefold
admission of oxygen, and will through the above-named accession of
atmospheric air from three directions simultaneously, i.e., horizontal,
straight at the sides, and thrown up from below, effect the completest
imaginable utilization of fuel.

page_text: No smoke is evolved, because the coal layers sinking down by virtue
of their own weight are already heated and partially transformed into
coke; this, and the mode of working (sinking down) in succession do
away with those intervals of time which in the other firings are the
cause of the formation of smoke.
In the combination of the horizontal draught with that from below
lies the security for the proper working of the grate box, that is, for
the proper adjustment of coal and coke gases which continuously
present themselves for combustion.
From the arrangement of height and depth of the grate box A
depends necessarily the amount of material which is brought into com-
bustion, from the cause above stated, however, the effect depends.
This system is applicable for all purposes, and even for the largest
possible requirements, inasmuch as one, two, three, or more grato
boxes can be fitted independently, and because the dimensions of the
same (taking care to observe the proper conditions as to admission
of air from threc directions) can be varied according to require-
ments.
Economy resulting from the use of this system manifests itself in a
double direction. Above all in the lesser expenditure of fuel, which
amounts at least under the most unfavourable circumstances to 30%,
which increases, however, up to 50%, according as the adverse con-
ditions are diminished. There is also a diminution of otherwise
necessary labor, because in the intervals of several hours duration (from
one supply of the charging chamber to another) there are no duties to
be attended to, apart from the overlooking of the operations of the
fire.
In all cases of application it is possible to allow a diminution or an
increase of the power or heat by regulating the draught in raising or
lowering the grate box by means of the screw D, or by placing out of
gear one or more of the apparatus.
Through the mode of construction of the regulator for the entrance
of draught, it is possible by rapidly lowering the grate box to cause an
immediate extinction of the fire.
A chimney has for this system lost its usual value, inasmuch as there
is no smoke. In some respects, however, it acts still as a promotor of

page_text: the triple draught, but the old simple chimney without any especial
elevation will in most cases serve the purpose.
slag are not suitable for this system of firing.
Coals containing much
elevation will in most cases serve the purpose.
slag are not suitable for this system of firing.
Coals containing much
And having thus fully described this Invention, I declare that I
claim,―
First. The construction of a firing apparatus with free continuous
admission of air through horizontal and vertical passages, substantially
as set forth.
Second. The combination of a grate box A with a supply chamber B,
plate F, and ring E, all constructed and operating substantially as set
forth.
Third. The construction of the supply chamber B and the appliances
for raising or lowering it, substantially as set forth.
Fourth. The construction of the stoves when in combination with
the firing apparatus, substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Potor Jensen, have hereunto set
my hand and scal, this Thirtieth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.