in the art of
Year: 1887

page_text: I, HENRY JOHN PARKER JOLLY of 67 London Road Ipswich in the County of
Suffolk, Commercial Traveller, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention consists in Improvements in the art of cooling by the use of refrig
erated liquids, and of apparatus for the practical application thereof; and has for its
object the provision of a means of maintaining a practically constant tempr. in
the circulatory system of a refrigeration plant even in the case where the demands
are very irregular in amount, or where the production is intermittent.
That these are the conditions under which such machinery practically works is a
matter of common observation; cellars and cold storage rooms consume more during
the day, and hours of active business than during the night. Morcover all machines
are liable to temporary stoppage from accident and it is often very desirable to run
the machinery during the day only.
The only ineans hitherto in use for providing for these contingencies is that of
having constantly on hand a large supply of cold brine which can be circulated through
the system of pipes thus acting as a reserve to meet the case of either an extraordinary
demand or of a temporary stoppage of the machinery. This method of storing up a
reserve is limited in extent, unsatisfactory in action and extravagani in cost.
It is limited in extent because (apart from the fact that extreme bulk would usually
entrench upon the useful space) it is obvious that the losses from radiation and
conduction increase with the bulk, and it would be possible to enlarge the reserve tank
to such dimensions that the machine would expend all its work in keeping down the
temperature of its contents leaving no surplus for practical cooling. It is unsatisfactory

page_text: in action because immediately the machine stops the temperature begins to rise,
necessitating constant corresponding changes in the rate of circulation through the
pipes, and eventually rises to the freezing point when all the pipes in the cellars begin
to drip a result always to be avoided.
It is extravagant in cost, for in order that the reserve tank may not be of unweildy
dimensions it is necessary to produce a much lower temperature than is actually
required for the circulatory system. Now it is a well established thermodynamic
principle that the cost in power of producing a given quantity of negative leat (or
cold) increases very rapidly as the temperature at which it is produced is lowered.
My invention provides an inexpensive and automatically operating means whereby
a very large reserve is stored up in a very small bulk, and consists (to use popular
language) in storing up the surplus cold whenever such surplus is produced by the
refrigeration machine, and in automatically yielding up the same to use when need
therefore arises.
The accompanying drawings shew forms of construction, devices and arrangements
in simple forms suitable for carrying out my invention into practice, but their forms
and arrangements may be varied-(as will be apparent to any one skilled in the art)
without departing from the spirit of my invention.
Fig. 1 shews in perspective a rectangular metallic case or box which is partially
filled with a liquid hereinafter described.
Fig. 2 is a cylindrical can having a removable cover, and also partially filled with
the same liquid.
Fig. 3 shews in sectional elevation and Fig. 4 in plan a vessel similar in construction
to a tubular boiler, the interior of which (corresponding to the steam and water space
of a boiler) is filled (partially) with the liquid in question.
These vessels of whatever shape convenience may suggest will hereinafter be
referred to as accumulators.
Fig. 5 shews in sectional elevation and Fig. 6 in plan a refrigerator tank of typical
construction used in conjunction with machines of this class in which are placed a
number of the accumulators.
Fig. 7 shews an auxiliary tank (in section) containing a number of these accumulators
and connected with
Fig. 8. which shews in elevation an ordinary form of refrigerator.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the drawings so far
as used.
aa a are the thin metallic cases hereinafter termed accumulators.
b. b. b. are spaces around them filled with the brine cooled by the machine.
c and d are pipes connecting the accumulator tank Fig. 7 with the refrigerator tank
Fig. 8 through which the cooled brine circulates (as will be understood subsequently)
sometimes in one direction and sometimes in the reverse direction.
The accumulator tank is not necessarily in close proximity to the refrigerator tank
but may be placed at any convenient point in the circulatory system.
In carrying out my invention I partially fill the cases a through an opening k, or
by removing the cover when such is used as in Fig. 2, with a liquid that will congeal
at the temperature it is desired to maintain in the tank or the refrigerator in which it
is to be used. They are then closed so as to prevent leakage or evaporation that
might change the character of their contents.
The liquid so used may be water holding in solution the required percentage of salt,
or any other liquid that is known to congeal at the temperature desired, but the salt
solutions are convenient as their congealing point falls approximately one degree
Farenheit for every one per cent (in weight) of salt added.
When so filled and closed these accumulators are placed in the tank or refrigerator
arranged substantially as shewn in the drawings so that they are not in contact with
each other or the tank or any of its parts except so far as is necessary to support
them.
The tank or refrigerator is then filled with the liquid used for circulation through
the refrigeration plant which should completely (or as nearly as practicable) cover the

page_text: accumulators and should be of such a character that it will not congeal until its
temperature falls considerably below the freezing point of the liquid contained in the
accumulators. In lieu of the removable accumulators suitable compartments may be
formed in the refrigerator tank.
The operation is as follows: Whenever the working of the refrigeration machine
which cools the circulatory liquid reduces the temperature of that liquid in the tank to
the congealing point of the liquid contained within the accumulators, this latter
congealing, stores up within the accumulators a supply of cold-negative thermal units-
one pound of ice thus formed being equivalent to 142 lbs of brine cooled one degree,
this cold will be given off automatically through the walls of the cases into the
surrounding liquid whenever from any cause the temperature of the surrounding
liquid rises above the congealing point of the liquid within the cases or accumulators.
In other words the liquid contents of these accumulators takes up the excess of
negative heat that may be temporarily produced in the liquid surrounding them, and
yields it up again whenever a rise in the temperature of that liquid requires it both
actions being automatic, each controlled entirely by the temperature of the surrounding
liquid, and that control being exercised as the needs of its use may require; and thus
it is to such a refrigeration plant practically what the fly wheel is to an engine or the
accumulator to an hydraulic machine. Hence the appropriateness of the term
"accumulators" as applied to these vessels, their function being analogous to that of
the accumulator of an electrical plant.
When my invention is applied to a refrigerator and no auxiliary tank is used the
operation is above fully described, as the manner of circulating the brine within the
refrigerator is well understood.
When it is employed in an auxiliary tank in connection with the refrigerator tank
as shewn in Figs. 7 & 8 the brine circulates automatically in the direction of the
arrows so long as the accumulators are being charged (i.c. their contents being
congealed) for the colder and heavier brine flows in through d while the relatively
warmer and lighter flows back through c. When however the accumulators are being
discharged (i.e. their contents being thawed) the brine cooled by contact with them
descends and passes through d in the reverse direction, and the direction of the entire
current is reversed. This gravity circulation may of course be increased to
any extent
rendered desirable by particular circumstances by means of a pump or its equivalent.
When the accumulator is placed in the circuit remote from the refrigerator the form
shewn in Fig. 3 is most convenient, the circulating brine going through the tubes m, m;
the accumulator liquid contained in the vessel being frozen to the exterior of the tubes
when the current of brine is abnormally cold and thawed off when it is abnormally
warm.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is
(1.) The method of securing a more uniform temperature in the liquid in use in
the circulatory system of a refrigeration plant consisting in the exposure in such
circulatory liquid of vessels containing a liquid that will not congeal at the temperature
at which it is desired to maintain the temperature of the circulating liquid but will
congeal when it reaches a lower temperature substantially as set forth.
(2.) The method of preserving a low temperature in the circulating liquid of a
refrigeration plant when the refrigeration machine is temporarily insufficient or
inoperative consisting in the exposure in such circulating liquid of closed vessels
containing a liquid that will not congeal at the temperature at which it is desired to
maintain the circulating liquid, but will congeal when the liquid reaches a lower
temperature, thereby storing up and holding a supply of negative heat units to be
automatically transferred to the circulating liquid as the rise of its temperature
incident to its continued use may require.
(3.) In the refrigerator of a refrigeration machine of the liquid circulating type,
the combination with the refrigeration pipes and casing, of closed vessels to contain
a liquid that will congeal at a temperature above the minimum working temperature

page_text: to be maintained in that circulating liquid, substantially as and for the purpose
described.
(4.) In combination with the refrigerator and circulatory system of a refrigeration
machine of the liquid circulating type a vessel or tank placed in the circulation system
and provided with closed vessels to contain a liquid that will congeal at a temperature
above the minimum temperature of the refrigerator, but below the temperature to be
maintained in the circulating liquid all connected and arranged to operate substantially
as and for the purpose set forth.
(5.) In combination with the refrigerator and circulatory system of a refrigeration
machine of the liquid circulating type, a vessel substantially of the form shewn in
Fig. 3 and disposed so that the circulating liquid may flow on one side of the tubes
while the other sides are exposed to a liquid congealing at a point above the minimum
temperature of the refrigerator but below the temperature to be maintained in the
circulating system, to operate substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
(6.) In combination with the refrigerator and circulatory system of a refrigeration
machine an auxiliary tank connected with the refrigerator and provided with closed
vessels to contain a liquid that will congeal at a temperature above the minimum
working temperature of the refrigerator but below the temperature to be maintained
in the circulating liquid to operate substantially as and for the purpose set forth.