A NEW APPARATUS FOR WARMING OR COOLING ATMOSPHERIC AIR, WATER, AND ALL LIQUIDS OF A SIMILAR DENSITY TO IT, WARMING THEM TO THE DEGREE OF HEAT NECESSARY FOR THEIR TRANSFORMATION INTO STEAM
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Etienne Pierre Sibille, 11, Conduit, Street, Regent
Street, London, for the Invention of "A NEW APPARATUS FOR WARMING
OR COOLING ATMOSPHERIC AIR, WATER, AND ALL LIQUIDS OF A SIMILAR
DENSITY TO IT, WARMING THEM TO THE DEGREE OF HEAT NECESSARY FOR THEIR
TRANSFORMATION INTO STEAM."
Sealed the 30th September 1858, and dated the 7th April 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Etienne Pierre Sibille at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
April 1858.
I, ETIENNE PIERRE SIBILLE, 11, Conduit Street, Regent Street, London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW APPARATUS FOR
WARMING OR COOLING ATMOSPHERIC AIR. WATER, AND ALL LIQUIDS OF A SIMILAR
DENSITY TO IT, WARMING THEM TO THE DEGREE OF HEAT NECESSARY FOR THEIR
TRANSFORMATION INTO STEAM," to be as follows:-
An apparatus consisting of a case of metal with two compartments sur-
mounted by a recipient for water. In the case are placed two paralell tubular
serpentines composed of a certain number of rounds, underneath which are
placed tubular circles pierced at distances with small holes, and
placed in communication with a tube which supplies them with gas or with
Price 8d1

page_text: spirit of wine in a state of combustion, when it is used for obtaining hot water
or hot air.
When the apparatus is used for cooling water or air to a low degree of
temperature, the serpentines are cooled by means of ice or by water evapo-
rated by a current of air established in the apparatus, for which purpose the
tubes must be enveloped in sponge, upon which the ice is placed; in defaut
of ice the sponge is moistened with cold water. The air is procured by
means of a double-action pump, and is warmed or cooled during its passage
through the serpentines by the same process as the water. In default of gas,
steam of spirit of wine in a state of combustion is employed for warming the
air or water, which steam is obtained by placing a small quantity of the spirit
in a boiler placed underneath the centre of the apparatus heated by a lamp
placed below it.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Etienne Pierre Sibille in the Great Seal Patent Office, on the
2nd October 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ETIENNE
PIERRE SIBILLE, of 11, Conduit Street, Regent St, in the Parish of St. George,
Hanover Sq, in the City of Westminster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her reign,
did, for Herself Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Etienne Pierre Sibille, Her special licence that I, the said Etienne Pierre
Sibille, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Etienne Pierre Sibille, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A FRIGOCALORITIC
APPARATUS OR A NEW PROCESS FOR WARMING OR COOLING ATMOSPHERIC AIR,
WATER, AND ALL OTHER LIQUIDS OF A SIMILAR DENSITY TO IT. WARMING THEM TO
THE DEGREE OF HEAT NECESSARY FOR THEIR TRANSFORMATION INTO STEAM," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Etienne Pierre Sibille, my ex-
ecutors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or

page_text: one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters.
Patent.
!
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Etienne Pierre Sibille, do hereby
declare the nature of this said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
TRIGOCALORITIC APPARATUS, or new process for warming or cooling all
liquids similar or approximatively similar in density to the water; warming
them gradually to the degree of heat necessary for their conversion into
steam; or cooling them gradually to a degree of cold nearly approaching the
temperature of ice; warming or cooling atmospheric air also to the same
degree of temperature as the liquids before mentioned.
The entire system of the apparatus is composed of two distinct parts:-
1°, of an air pump; 2°, of a case with double compartiments containing all
the other agents.
Figure No. 1. Elevation of the apparatus.
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2. Vertical section in A, B, of the case D, D, D, D.
3. Front vertical section in H, I, of the air pump.
4. Horizontal section of the air pump.
5. Horizontal section in C, D, of the case D, D, D, D.
6. Horizontal section in E, F, of the case D, D, D, D.
7. Burners.
8. Front vertical section of the supports of serpentines &
burners.
A, small egg-shaped funnell; B, hinge; C, reservoir for water; D, D, D, D,
case with double compartiments of metal; E, E, E, supports of serpentines
& gas burners; F, F, F, F, F, F, double serpentines of china or brass,
jappanned in the interior & joined together at the highest extremity;
G, G, G, G, G, circular tubes of brass placed under & paralell to the
serpentines, serving as gas burners by giving passage through holes placed at
certain distances to small jets of gas; H, H, tube serving as gas pipe, or
conductor of the steam of the spirit of wine; I, I, I, I, I, taps for regulating
the pression in the circles; J, opening for introduction of the gas; K, L, tap
& tube for the introduction of the spirit of wine into the boiler; M, tap
giving passage to the gas at the extremity J, by the aid of a flexible tube,

page_text: which must be connected with the main pipe which furnishes the gas;
N, small boiler in brass; O, lamp supplied with spirit of wine; P, P, frame
for supporting the boiler; R, tap for regulating the passage of the water in
the serpentines; S, tube & tap for the introduction of the water into the
serpentine, No. 1, when necessary to obtain steam for mixing with the air;
T, tube & tap for the passage of the water for cooling the serpentines; U, tap
giving passage to the air obtained by the aid of the pump a, a; V, V, doors
for facilitating the arrangement of the supports for lighting the gas, for
clearning the tubes, &., &.; X, door for the lamp for lighting or clearing,
&., &.; Y, tap for the egress of the liquid or air when warmed or cooled;
Z, Z, Z, Z, openings for producing the current of air necessary for the com-
bustion of the gas, or the evaporation of the water which moistens the sponges;
A', tap for emptying the serpentine, No. 2, of the water which remains after
the operation; B', view of the disposition of the two serpentines at the part
where joined; a, a, body of the air pump; b, b, b, b, fly wheels; c, principal
wheel working with the wheels d, d; d, d, two wheels working with the
large wheel; e, e, e, e, valves helping the aspiration of the air, & for expelling
it into the serpentines; f, f, tube conducting the air from the pump into the
serpentines, No. 1 & No. 2; g, opening by which the air is drawn into the
pump; h, h, h, h, frame supporting the agents of which the pump is composed;
i, i, i, i, i, stand on which the apparatus rests.
The sucking & forcing pump acts when required by the action of any
mover whatever; this pump comprises two cylinders a, a, with each a double
action, & for this reason, of very, great power, and producing a quantity of air
in proportion with their dimension, & with the rapidity of the movement of
the pistons. The valves e, e, e, e, work by their own weight or by the pressure
of the air produced by the alternative movement of the pistons. Its construc-
tion is sufficiently explained by the index & the Drawing. When it is
employed for warming or cooling an habitation, it would be better to connect
the pump with an opening in the sash of a window, and to make a second
opening in the higher part of that or another window, so as to establish a
current of air, and thus to change completely that contained in the apparte-
ment, replacing it with fresh air taken from the exterior.
The second part of the system of the apparatus comprises,
1°, a recipient C placed above the case with double compartments D, D, D. D.
20, two serpentines F, F, F, F, placed paralell, joined to each other at
the highest extremity, & fixed upon the outside compartment by means of
supports EEE

page_text: 3°, several cercles G, G, G, G, G, of brass or copper, oppen at the opposite
part to that where they are fixed to the tubes I, I, I, I, and so disposed that
they can be placed under the cercles of the serpentines, & paralell to them,
they are peirced at distances with small holes, so as to form the jets of gas
when lighted.
4°, the tubes H, H, & I, I, I, I, I, which serves to distribute the gas through
the cercles G, G, G, G G.
5°, the small boiler N, which produces the steam of spirit of wine by the
action of the heat furnished by the lamp O, when the apparatus is used in
localities where the spirit of wine is abundant & hydrogen gas is not used.
To regulate the pression of the steam the more easily there should be placed
in the recipient C, a small serpentine closed at its highest extremity, &
arranged so that the condensed particles may always return into the boiler,
which has been provided for those condensations, also which may be formed
in the tubes H, H, & I, I, I, I, I. When the spirit acts as the productor of
heat, a second reservoir for water must be added to supply the recipient C, in
order that the small serpentine which it contains shall always be completely
supplied. The tube T is intended to act in default ice, giving passage to the
water to moister the sponges placed round the serpentines to keep them cool.
The water is evaporated by the action of the current of air, produced by the
openings Z, Z, Z, Z, Z, in the upper & lower part of the apparatus, which
current may be augmented by putting in connexion with the air pump the
division in which the serpentines are placed.
When the apparatus is to be constructed in very large dimensions, it will be
better to make two cases, one to contain the agents necessary for the pro-
duction of heat, and the other to contain those necessary for producing
coolness.
The end that it is possible to attain by the aid of my apparatus, to warm, or
to cool, justifies the denomination which I have given it, and the sort of
antithesis which the word frigocaloritic contains. It is disposed so as to act
under the influence of fire, or of ice, or (in default of the latter) of water, put
in evaporation, in order to produce the coolness required.
The heat is obtained by the combustion of pure or carbonic hydrogen gas,
or by the steam of spirit of wine, or by means of a stove placed beneath the
box with a circular chimney enveloping the serpentines; this stove may be
heated with charcoal or coke, and an opening with a tube placed at the end
of the chimney in order to carry off the emanations of the stove.

page_text: Production of Hot Water. The recipient C being filled with water, the
extremity J of the tube K, J, having been put in communication with the gas
pipe, the gas reaches the cercles G by the aid of the taps I, I, I, I, I, which
serve to regulate the pression. The jets being then lighted and regulated, a
few minutes afterwards the serpentines will be sufficiently warm to permit the
opening of the tap R, to allow the water to pass into the serpentine No. 2 by
its lowest extremity, the water reaches the highest part slowly, and in proportion
to the opening of the tap R, so that it has already acquired a considerable degree
of heat, when it begins to decend the serpentine No. I, and during its passage
until the opening y, it has gained the degree of heat necessary to reach the
boiling point. It is easy to calculate in advance the degree of heat wished for,
either in enlarging or diminishing the opening of the tap by which the water is
introduced, or in augmenting the height of the jets of gas. With a continuous
stream of cold water, & in a comparatively small space of time, the largest as
well as the smallest quantities of water may be heated. In order to obtain
this current, it will suffice that the recipient C be put in communication with
a large reservoir of water. After the operation, the tap A' must be opened to
let out the water which remains in the serpentines, No. 2. The height of the
flames must be reduced, keeping them alight for another instant to expel the
humidity resting in the fubes & in the serpentines, being careful to keep open
the taps, for the egress of the cold water, these precautions being necessary to
avoid oxidation. As has been already seen, in default of gas, the serpentines
may be warmed with spirit of wine in a state of combustion. For this purpose
the spirit is introduced into the boiler N by the funnell K, the tap L being
open, and that marked M shut; the latter must be opened when necessary,
however, as it serves to establish the proper level in the boiler. The lamp O
is then lighted, which, in a little time, produces the heat necessary for the
transformation into steam of the liquid introduced into the boiler, which steam
acts in the same manner as the gas, and the action of the apparatus is the
same as when the serpentines where heated with gas. When the spirit is
employed, it will be as well to regulate the pression in conformity with the
modifications which have been previously given.
Production of Water at nearly the same Temperature as Ice-The jets of
gas being replaced by ice superposed upon the serpentines enveloped by
sponges, it may be easely understood that the contrary cause must produce
a contrary effect, the water in its passages loses the degree of heat which it

page_text: had at the commencement, to become cooled by its contact with the ser-
pentines placed under the influence of ice.
Production of Hot Air-The disposition of the apparatus for obtaining hot
air are similar to those for obtaining hot water, only it must be observed not
to elevate the jets of lighted gas quite as much; the air pump is then put in
action, the air taken from the exterior by the means indicated in page 3,
[page 4, lines 26-28] is pumped into the serpentines, passing through the
tube,, & the tap U open for the purpose; but previously a small current of
water has been established with the tap S, so that the water entering into
the serpentines No. 1, by the highest extremity, will be transformed into steam
during its course for admixture with the air, thus destroying the aridity that
it would otherwise acquire during its passage through the serpentines; but
great care must always be taken not to heat the air too much in order that
it may not become viciated. When the liquids employed are for internal use,
or if for the procuration of hot air, it would be preferable that the serpentines
be composed either of china or glass.
Production of Air at a Low Temperature for Use during the Summer or in
Hot Climates. The apparatus must be arranged in the same manner as for
obtaining cold water; and the air pumped through the serpentines will be cooled
during its passage, and arrive at the end of the tube at a greater or lesser degree
of cold, by reason of the retarded or increased movement of the pump or by the
action of the ice. At the opening Y a flexible tube may be joined of a size in
accordance with the uses for which it is intended, having at its extremity a
conical tube of metal, the opening of which must not exceed an half inch in
diameter; this tube must be arranged so that it may not suffer from the
influence of the ambient air; and to facilitate this, it must be entirely enveloped
in linen. This tube will serve for warming or cooling any part of a habitation
without displacing the apparatus, as it will carry the hot the hot or cold air into
any of the neighbouring appartments. Whether acting under the influence of
fire or of ice, this apparatus will supply all the exigencies of salubrity. The
economy of time and money produced by it is enormous, and it may be con-
structed in all sizes. The advantages which it offers, with respect to hot
water at all degrees of temperature, strike the mind, when it is considered
that it does not require more time to heat a given quantity of water to any
degree than it takes to pour the same quantity into the recipient of the
apparatus. After reading the preceeding, the great utility of my apparatus
may be understood, as well for domestic wants as for industrial purposes. The
system on which it reposes is entirely new in its application, as it consists in

page_text: putting in circulation liquids or air upon fire for warmth or upon ice for
coolness. It is the first of its kind that has been made. For the transfor-
mation of liquids into steam it is enough to put in communication the lower
extremities of the serpentines with a boiler heated with hydrogen gaz cock or
charkcoal in combustion. Little apparatus can be heated by the flames of oil
or spirit lamp.
As witness whereof, 1, the said Etienne Pierre Sibille, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of September, in the year.
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred & fifty-eight.
ETIENNE PIERRE SIBILLE. (L.S.)