matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED MATERIAL FOR BUILDING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Davis Pochin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st Novem-
ber 1860.
I, HENRY DAVIS POCHIN, of Oakfield House, Salford, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MATERIAL FOR BUILDING AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists in taking iron, copper, or other slags, and converting
the same into useful building material, by running them when in a fluid
state into moulds, and afterwards annealing the mass so produced.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF SUSPENDING GAS AND OTHER CHANDELIERS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James George at the Office o
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th February
1860.
I, JAMES GEORGE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Jeweller, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
METHOD OF SUSPENDING GAS AND OTHER CHANDELIERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the method, herein-after explained, of suspending
chandeliers, by which method of suspension the lights of the chandelier may
be raised or lowered and fixed at the required height. I will describe my
Invention with reference to a gas chandelier. The tube supplying the gas,
and from which the whole is suspended, has racks on opposite sides nearly its
whole length. Upon this tube slides an outer tube carrying the arms or lights
of the chandelier. At the upper part of the outer tubes are two toothed
wheels engaging in the racks on the inner tube, and the outer tube can only
slide upon the inner tube so long as the said toothed wheels are free to rotate.
A rod passing up a small tube between the inner and outer tubes carries at its
top a cross piece, which when the said rod is raised engages with the toothed
wheels, preventing their rotation, and thereby fixing the position of the outer
tube. The said rod and cross-piece are kept in a raised position by springs,
one at top and one at bottom. The bottom end of the said rod projects from
the bottom of the chandelier, and by pulling the said bottom end the outer
tube is made free to move, and may be raised or lowered. In order to balance
or partly balance the chandelier, a coiled spring is fixed near the top, which is

page_text: geared to one of the before-mentioned toothed wheels. As the chandelier is
depressed the said spring is wound up and helps to support the chandelier. A
shoulder near the bottom of the inner tube limits the range of motion of the
outer tube. Water or other liquid may be placed between the tubes so as to
make a water or liquid joint.
A MACHINE FOR REPRODUCING & ENGRAVING AT THE SAME TIME ON MARBLE, IVORY, SHELL, ALL SORTS OF WOOD, AND OTHER MATTERS, THE SAME FIGURE IN DIFFERENT SIZES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Auguste Pedrant at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents with his Petition, on the 25th January
1860.
I, AUGUSTE PEDRANT, of No. 1B, Welbeck Street, Cavendish Square, in the
5 County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A MACHINE FOR REPRODUCING & ENGRAVING AT THE SAME TIME ON MARBLE,
IVORY, SHELL, ALL SORTS OF WOOD, AND OTHER MATTERS, THE SAME FIGURE IN
DIFFERENT SIZES," to be as follows:-
The machine can be worked by a man, or by steam, or any other motive
O power. A child 8 years old can reproduce & engrave all sorts of chefs d'œuvre
without it being necessary for him to have any knowledge of drawing or
sculpture. The machine can reproduce & engrave at the same time on marble,
ivory, shell, wood of all sorts, coral, and other matters, any number of the
same subject or figure in different sizes.
AN IMPROVED METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR BLEACHING ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF VEGETABLE TEXTILE FABRICS AND YARNS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by André Deroide and Vital Dupouy
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 18th November 1860.
We, ANDRÉ DEROIDE, Chemist, and VITAL DUPOUY, Bleacher, both of
Paris, France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR BLEACHING ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF VEGETABLE
TEXTILE FABRICS AND YARNS," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to an improved method and apparatus for bleaching
all descriptions of vegetable textile fibres, such as flax, hemp, cotton, or
others, and whether the same be in the state of yarns or fabrics. For this
purpose we have a large box, or chamber of wood, galvanized iron, or other
suitable resisting material, which box may be hermetically closed by means of
a moveable lid; in the interior of the box, at the required distance above the
bottom, is situated a perforated false bottom, and in the open space left
between the two bottoms is coiled a copper, or other suitable pipe provided
with slits or perforations, and communicating with a boiler, the steam of which
is conducted by this pipe in the water or lye with which the space between the
two bottoms is filled, and so as to allow this steam to keep this water or lye in
a state of ebullition. The fabrics or yarns to be bleached are suspended in
the upper or open space of the box or chamber above the false bottom on
transverse rods, or in any other suitable manner, but so as to allow the steam
evolved from the water or lye to come in contact with the entire surface of the
fabrics or yarns. An overflow pipe opens just below the false bottom so as to

page_text: keep the water or lye underneath this bottom at the required level, and the
box or chamber must further be provided with suitable cocks or other devices
for the escape of the steam, or the water, or lye, or for introducing fresh water
or lye. The goods to be bleached are thus submitted during the required
length of time to the action of the steam, and if required simultaneously to that
of any suitable bleaching agents, the vapor of which might be introduced
separately in the box by a suitable pipe, or which bleaching agents might have
been mixed with the water or lye. After this steaming the goods may be
rinsed, scoured, or washed, or, if required, submitted to any of the ordinary
bleaching processes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VARIOUS WEAVINGS IN BOBBING-NET, AND IN MACHINERY FOR THE SAME
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Boott at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th August
1860.
I, JAMES BOOTT, of Lille, Town in the French Empire, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF VARIOUS WEAVINGS IN BOBBING-NET, AND IN MACHINERY FOR THE
SAME," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in manufacturing fabrics which resemble the net
or lace known in France as "point d'esprit" and in certain machinery for the
purpose. The chief feature of resemblance between the fabrics which I produce,
and which I designate "point imperial" fabrics, consists in the existence of
spots or "points," at uniform intervals in the substance of the fabric, such
spots or points being produced by the multiplication and crossing of the threads
at such intervals. But whereas in the "point d'esprit" fabric both the foun-
dation of the fabric and the spots or points are of the same material, and
therefore of the same colour, nearly all the carriages being employed at the
same time for producing both the foundation and the spots or points in-my
improved fabric, I assign the production of the spots or points exclusively to
certain carriages, the others producing the foundation; or I sometimes form
part of the foundation with one set of carriages, and part with another set, by
both of which plans I am enabled to form the fabric of various materials,
and consequently of various colours likewise.
In carrying out my improvements I prefer to employ a circular frame to

page_text: which I add, for the purposes of my Invention, the following appliances.
Upon the pushing bar I place a 'rod, and upon the spindle of the frame a
circular disc carrying a projecting piece, and between this rod and disc a lever
carrying a short projecting arm and a circular segment, the whole being so dis-
posed that at each revolution of the machine the rod receives a reciprocating
motion and clears a passage for a half carriage or pusher placed on the guide
or comb of the frame. The to-and-fro motion imparted is designed to prevent
the change of the frames whilst all the carriages change at each revolution of
the machine. This half carriage provides me with the means of employing
an even number of carriages, and of assigning to them different functions;
I can also vary the design produced to any extent, it being only necessary
for this purpose that the number of the carriages employed shall always be
divisible by the number required to produce the spots or points.
A METHOD OF AND APPARATUSES FOR COMMUNICATING TO RAILWAY PASSENGERS THE NAMES OF THE STATIONS WHICH THE TRAIN SUCCESSIVELY APPROACHES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th April 1860.-A communication from abroad by Alfred de Banville
and Emile Duclos, of Marseilles.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A METHOD OF AND APPARATUSES FOR COMMUNICATING TO RAILWAY PASSENGERS
THE NAMES OF THE STATIONS WHICH THE TRAIN SUCCESSIVELY APPROACHES,"
(communicated to me from abroad by Alfred de Banville and Emile Duclos,
of Marseilles,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, first, of a method of communicating to railway
passengers the names of the stations which the train in which they travel
successively approaches, by placing in each passenger-carriage an apparatus
operated upon by the guard or other official in such manner as to bring the
name of each station in succession into view before the train arrives at it; and
at the same time (where desirable) to strike a bell, or otherwise act upon a
sound-signal for the purpose of calling the attention of the passengers to the
changes which the indications of the apparatus undergo.
The Invention consists, secondly, of apparatuses for carrying the first part of
the Invention into effect. The Inventors place in each carriage an electro-
magnet or electro-magnets, and connect the whole of them by wires, which

page_text: may be connected with a battery at the pleasure of the guard or other official.
With each magnet or set of magnets are combined armatures, levers, click
wheels, a bell and hammer, a revolving barrel carrying the names of the
stations, and other like contrivances, whereby every time the electric circuit of
the wires with the battery is completed, the bell may be made to sound, and
the name of a fresh station be brought to sight.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FIRE ESCAPES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Charles Hempel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
January 1860.
I, ARTHUR CHARLES HEMPEL, of Ramsgate, in the County of Kent, School
Proprietor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FIRE ESCAPES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of fire
escape whereby a simple and ready means of exit from a burning building is
obtained. According to this Invention it is proposed to employ a light iron
framing, provided with a lining of fibrous or other flexible material rendered
non-combustible. This framing and lining form a car, by which the inmates
of the house can descend from an upper window. It is connected by chains
with a roller or pair of pullies situate in front of one of the upper windows,
and is also provided with a check chain, for the purpose of controlling it in its
descent, by acting upon a suitable break on the roller above. A hinged lid or
cover is fitted on to the top of the car, which is opened by the act of throwing
up the window sash, or otherwise. When not in actual use, the entire
apparatus presents the appearance of an ordinary ornamental flower stand or
balcony, the roller and chains being inclosed within and concealed by the car,
but on the lid of the car being opened, the bag or lining is released, and drops
down, releasing at the same time a guide chain, one end of which descends
into the street and enables the car to be guided clear of any obstructions or

page_text: projections from the front of the house. The car may be made to ascend
again to its original position by suitable mechanism for that purpose, and the
chain last referred to will, in cases of emergency, enable the car to be drawn
down for parties to ascend to render aid to any further inmates when
necessary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Goldie at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th March
1860.
I, THOMAS GOLDIE, of Airdrie, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Mill Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the arrangement and
construction of or additions to power looms, for obtaining a differential or
intermittent action of the pace weight, so that more or less strain may be
thrown upon the warp at intervals to suit the exigencies of the weaving.
Thus, in weaving fabrics in which there are transverse bars or stripes
(alternating with plain cloth), and which are woven with weft of one or more
than one degree of fineness, it is of essential importance to have the means
of varying the tension on the warp automatically, and at intervals according
to the pattern to be produced. Thus, whilst the weft forming the transverse
bar or stripe is being thrown in a greater tension is given to the warp, and the
weft forming the transverse bar or stripe is beaten closely up, after which,
when throwing in the weft where transverse bars or stripes are not required,
the greater tension is taken off, and the weaving goes on without straining the
warp, and the result is, that a superior appearance is given to the woven
fabric. This object is accomplished under one modification by means of a
mechanical arrangement, which is actuated by the shedding motion of the
loom. A horizontal lever is fitted in the lower part of the loom; this lever is

page_text: centred on a stud carried on a fixed part of the framing, and it extends from
the heddle movement to the back part of the loom. The front end of the
lever carries a pendent catch piece, into the notch of which a laterally pro-
jecting pin on the beddle movement takes when the heddles are brought into
operation. The backward end of the lever is connected to a rod extending
parallel with the warp beam; the movement of the lever causes this rod to
come into contact with a pendent catch, which, while thus engaged, causes
the pace weight to exert its full effect on the warp. The free end of the pace
lever is connected to this movement by means of a helical spring and a leather
strap, by tightening which more or less tension may be thrown on the warp.
Thus, whilst the weft forming the transverse bar is being thrown in, the full
or a greater tension on the warp is continued, and the weft forming the
bar is beaten closely up. Upon the change taking place in the heddle move-
ment for the plain weaving, and the throwing in of the weft where the bar is
not required, the front end of the horizontal lever is released, which throws off
the weight from the warp, and enables the weft to be put in without straining
the warp yarn. In this manner the differential tension on the yarn is effected
automatically, and at regularly recurring intervals according to the style of the
cloth or pattern to be woven, the result of which is, that a superior appearance
is given to the woven fabric.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR PROTECTING THE THROAT AND CHEST FROM ATMOSPHERIC INFLUENCES, AND WHICH MAY ALSO BE EMPLOYED AS A PROTECTION TO THE MOUTH
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Guy Babington at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
March 1860.
I, BENJAMIN GUY BABINGTON, of George Street, Hanover Square, in the
County of Middlesex, M.D., do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR PROTECTING THE THROAT
AND CHEST FROM ATMOSPHERIC INFLUENCES, AND WHICH MAY ALSO BE EMPLOYED AS A
PROTECTION TO THE MOUTH," to be as follows:-
The object of the improvements is to give protection to the chest and throat
by the use of an instrument or apparatus of a form adapted to cover the chest,
and at the same time protect the throat by covering up and enclosing the chin
of the wearer, and so that the wearer may when desired introduce the mouth
therein, and thereby obtain protection to it. For this purpose I provide
internal bodies of the desired shape, and by preference of a material that will
admit of folding for the pocket, and then of readily resuming the desired form.
Gutta percha or a compound thereof or prepared india-rubber answers well.
And I coat such body internally as well as externally with such fabric or
material as convenience or ornament may dictate, and I apply strings or
bands or clasps to hold the same on the neck of the wearer.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Augustus Huddart at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th February 1860.
I, GEORGE AUGUSTUS HUDDART, of Brynkir, in the County of Caernarvon,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the obtaining of motive power by the action of a
ring or chain of cups or open vessels immersed in water or other liquid, such
cups or vessels being rendered buoyant in succession by the discharge into
them, when inverted, of air or other suitable fluid. These cups I propose to
arrange around the periphery of a wheel, and by means of an air pump and
bent pipe I inject air into them while inverted. I thus make one side of the
wheel more buoyant than the other, and cause the same to rotate in the water
and drive round the axle upon which it is mounted, which axle may be made
to drive machinery connected therewith by suitable gearing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLUGS FOR SMOKING PIPES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sidney Frankau at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th October
1860.
I, SIDNEY FRANKAU, of Bishopsgate Street Within, London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLUGS FOR
SMOKING PIPES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the plugs put at the bottom of the bowls of
smoking pipes, for the purpose of absorbing the oil or juice from the tobacco.
I propose to make the ordinary solid, conical, or other shaped plugs corrugated
round the exterior circumference, which, when in position, comes against the
bottom of the interior of the bowl or head of the pipe, for the purpose of
facilitating the absorption of the oil or juice of the tobacco, and to make a free
passage for the air or smoke into the stem of the pipe. A series of grooves or
projections may be made for the same purpose. The corrugations, grooves, or
projections may be either cut by hand labor or cut out in a machine suitably
arranged for the purpose; and the plugs may be made of porous clay, meer-
schaum, or other suitable material.
AN IMPROVED INSTRUMENT TO BE USED FOR ASCERTAINING DISTANCES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Richardson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st August
1860.
I, GEORGE RICHARDSON, of Alma Park, Levenshulme, near Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED INSTRUMENT TO BE USED FOR ASCERTAINING
DISTANCES," to be as follows:-
I make this improved instrument (which in commerce I intend to call a
telometer) of any suitable metal or material with an aperture or apertures
placed at different focuses and diminishing in progression; the said apertures
are regulated by the distance or focus from the eye at which they are required,
each of them taking in about six feet, the average height of a man. Or the
apertures may be made proportionately large to suit the known height of the
objects whose distance is to be ascertained. The said instrument may be
applied to the rifle or other object, so that the person firing by looking through
the aperture or apertures will know the distance of any object of known size
to be fired at, and thus avoid much trouble, and the use of other mechanical
contrivances for measurements.
It is evident that this Invention is applicable to other purposes than rifle
shooting.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS AND IN THEIR CARTRIDGES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Charles Richer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
June 1860.
I, FRANÇOIS CHARLES RICHER, of the Waterloo Road, in the County of
Surrey, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS AND IN THEIR CARTRIDGES," to be
as follows:-
My improvements are applicable to every description of fire-arm, but
specially to cannon, and consist of a sliding drawer, with two chambers for
receiving the cartridges applied at the breech of the gun, and pushed
alternately from right to left, and vice versa, by a lever underneath the gun.
The cartridges are provided at one end with fulminating powder, and dis-
charged by a blow with a common hammer on a piston at the extreme end of
the breech of the gun and communicating with the cartridge, the usual touch-
hole being entirely dispensed with.
THE APPLICATION OF THE DOVETAIL JOINTS IN IRON OR OTHER METAL TO WOODEN BEDSTEADS, COUCHES, SOFAS, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE ARTICLES OF FURNITURE, TOGETHER WITH METALLIC SIDES, ENDS, AND LATHS, SECURELY FIXED THERETO BY MEANS OF THE DOVETAIL JOINTS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Jenkins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th February
1860.
I, GEORGE JENKINS, Tyne Cottage, Hanwell, Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "THE APPLICATION OF THE DOVETAIL JOINTS
IN IRON OR OTHER METAL TO WOODEN BEDSTEADS, COUCHES, SOFAS, AND OTHER SUCH
LIKE ARTICLES OF FURNITURE, TOGETHER WITH METALLIC SIDES, ENDS, AND LATHS,
SECURELY FIXED THERETO BY MEANS OF THE DOVETAIL JOINTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application of the dovetail joints, and iron or
other metal sides and ends, and metallic lath bottoms to wooden bedsteads,
couches, sofas, and other such like articles of furniture. The construction is.
as follows:-Upon each wooden bed post, head or foot board, or leg of couch,
sofa, and other such like article of furniture, I attach the concave portion or
portions of a double or two single dovetails, made of iron or other metal, with
a plate or plates combined, which I securely fix thereto. The sides and ends
are made of angle or other formed iron, with the convex portion of the
dovetail cast or otherwise secured on each end; these sides and ends are made
to fit into the concave portion of the dovetail, which is affixed to the posts,
head, or foot board of the wooden bedstead, or to the legs or frames of couches,
sofas, and other such like articles of furniture. I then form the bottom of the
wooden bedstead, couch, sofa, and other such like article of furniture, with

page_text: metallic laths secured to the sides and ends, thus I am able to retain the
massive appearance of wood with the advantages of iron in elasticity,
cleanliness, and portability.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING VESSELS, SHIPS, AND BOATS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Miller at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th February
1860.
I, JOHN MILLER, of the Fort, in the Town and County of Ayr, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING VESSELS, SHIPS, AND BOATS," to be as follows,
that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the propulsion of vessels, ships, and boats, by the
agency of a tube or set of tubes fitted with valves and pistons in such manner
as to afford the means of propulsion by the action of such pistons upon the
The tubes are disposed horizontally below the water level, and in the
case where three tubes are used the centre one is fitted with two pistons,
between which steam is alternately admitted and condensed. When steam is
admitted between these pistons by a suitable valve, they are of course forced
apart, one forward and the other astern. The one which moves astern forces
the water out of the open stern end of the tube, and by this action propels the
vessel forward. The one which moves forward acts similarly by forcing out a
column of water through another tube parallel to the one herein-before
mentioned, with which it communicates at its forward end by a bend. In
this way both pistons operate by ejecting water from the two tubes. The
steam admitted between the pistons is then condensed in any convenient way,
and they then again approach one another. A third tube is laid parallel to

page_text: the two already mentioned, and this is also fitted with a piston, the rod of
which is connected to the rod of the forward one previously referred to by
means of a lever, or by any other convenient attachment, and hence the third
piston operates upon the water in a similar way. In this arrangement
advantage is taken of the recoil of the water as the pistons recede to aid in
the propulsion of the vessel.
Any number of tubes may be used in working out this system of propulsion.
Each stern end of the tubes is so expanded or widened out in steps or
gradations as to admit of the best effect of the effluent water. In the case of
iron ships the tube or tubes may be so arranged as to form the keel.
THE IMPROVED HEATING OF HOTHOUSES AND OTHER BUILDINGS BY MEANS OF FLAT PIPES MADE OF ANY MALLEABLE MATERIAL, AND FOR MANUFACTURING THEREOF
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Taylor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th June
1860.
I, WILLIAM TAYLOR, of Nursling, near Southampton, in the County of
Hants, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"THE IMPROVED HEATING OF HOTHOUSES AND OTHER BUILDINGS BY MEANS OF FLAT
PIPES MADE OF ANY MALLEABLE MATERIAL, AND FOR MANUFACTURING THEREOF,"
to be as follows:
"'
The said pipes are made of galvanized iron, copper, or any other malleable
material, and are formed flat and shallow, by which means they radiate the
greatest amount of heat with the smallest consumption of fuel. These pipes
to be made in suitable lengths either with single or double passages through
them, and to be connected together by pipeing suitable for the purpose. This
description of pipeing is adapted to greatly economise fuel and time in heating
or increasing the heat, as the water, steam, or other heating property used is
much less in bulk than that which is now in general use, and possesses the
means of a much greater power of heating by presenting a larger surface of
heated metal.
The patentee also claims the method of manufacturing such pipes and con-
nexions, by using sheet galvanized iron, zinc, copper, or any other suitable metal
bent round suitable shaped mandril and double lapping, then rivetting them up.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER PUMPS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Victor Lardin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th April
1860.
I, VICTOR LARDIN, of Montigny-le-Roi, in the Department of the Haute
Marne, in the Empire of France, Mechanician, do hereby declare the
nature of the said.Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER PUMPS," to be as
follows:-
The principal advantage of my improvements, which are applicable to almost
every description of pump, is that the valves and pistons, that is to say, the
delicate and important parts of the apparatus, are not only solid but easily
repaired and replaced. The principal parts of the apparatus are, firstly, one,
two, or more pump barrels, according to the intended use of the pump and the
combinations adopted; secondly, one, two, or more pistons to work within
these barrels; thirdly, to each pump not coupled two or four valves, of which
some are suction and the others forcing, and one air receiver; fourthly,
whether for one pump, or two or more coupled, a lower suction pipe; fifthly,
a second pipe which sucks and forces the water from above; sixthly, for each
pump a second piston, which is a continuation of the first, but which works in
a cylinder of less diameter than the first.
The arrangements forming my improvements will be sufficiently understood
in this stage of proceeding by reference to the accompanying Sketch, where
it will be seen that A represents the lower suction pipe; B, B, upper suction

page_text: and forcing pipes; C, C, suction valves; D, pump barrel; E, E, force valves;
E', stop valve; F, partition separating the suction valves; 9, 9, air receiver;
H, H, ascension pipe and tap; I, piston of pump barrel; J, piston of the
tube L; K, rod of the two pistons; L, tube of the upper bottom, in which
works the piston J; o, o, openings by which the water arriving in the circular
box F, goes on to the taps H, H; S, openings by which passes the air from
the pump barrel and the tube entering the suction pipe B, by the alternate
action of the pistons; T, cover, closing the circular box in which are the
valves; U, pump handle or lever and its support.
The peculiar advantages of my combinations and the details of modifications
by which I render my improvements applicable to fire engines and other
pumps will be fully set forth in my Final Specification.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
February 1860.-A communication from abroad by Samuel Comfort, of
Morrisville, and Francis H. Jackson, of Bristol, both in Bucks County,
State of Pennsylvania, United States of America.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," a communication from abroad by
Samuel Comfort, the younger, of Morrisville, and Francis H. Jackson, of
Bristol, both in Bucks County, State of Pennsylvania, United States of
America, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to what are known as discoidal shuttle machines, but
In
certain of the improvements are applicable to other sewing machines.
carrying out this Invention a curved needle and holder are employed, and the
needle is prevented from springing outwards by working in a guide slot in the
under side of the fixed arm or bearing bracket, a slotted guide or eye on the
lower end of such bracket preventing the needle from springing inwards and
laterally. In order to maintain the needle in close contact with its guiding
slot the thread is passed through an eye so situated in respect to the needle
that its tension will tend to pull the needle outwards. A guide eye and oblong
slot situated between the base on which the fabric rests and the shuttle serve
to prevent the latter from breaking the needle as it traverses the shuttle race

page_text: whilst at the same time the oblong slot communicating with this guide eye
accommodates the needle thread as the shuttle passes thro' the loop. The
shuttle consists of an outer casing and a spool composed of two discs connected
centrally and arranged parallel to the shuttle race, the whole forming a com-
plete envelope for the thread. In order to prevent the shuttle from turning in
its race, it is proposed to cut away a portion of the edge of the shuttle to a
curve corresponding to that of the curved shuttle race; this shuttle moves in
the arc of a circle, the centre of which is situated between the upper edge of
the shuttle and the fabric. A flexible or yielding plate is applied to the shuttle
in such a manner that the shuttle thread, after leaving the frictional surface
caused by the said plate, shall pass off at such an angle that any irregularity
in the winding of the thread will be compensated for by the yielding of the
spring. A sliding block or second spring is used in combination with the
flexible or yielding plate last referred to, for the purpose of regulating its
pressure upon the shuttle thread. For the purpose of imparting the friction
to the needle thread for producing the requisite tension on the same, a yielding
plate or its equivalent is used in combination with a fixed pillar or stationary
object, the frictional surface produced by the two combined being so situated
in respect to the direction of the thread, that any obstruction to its free
passage may be compensated for.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF HATS, CAPS, BONNETS, AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD, AND IN MACHINERY CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Moseley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th August
1860.
I, DAVID MOSELEY, of the Chapel Field Works, Ardwick, in the City of
Manchester, Manufacturer of India-rubber and Gutta Percha, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF HATS, CAPS, BONNETS, AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD, AND IN
MACHINERY CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to produce hats, caps, bonnets, or other cover-
ings for the head of extreme lightness as well as elegance in appearance.
The first part of my Invention consists in coating the foundations of such
coverings for the head with flocks made from woollen, silk, alpacca, mohair, or
other fibrous materials, or in covering any kind of foundations for hats, caps,
bonnets, or other coverings for the head with cotton, or other light fabrics or
paper so coated with flocks of the above-mentioned description.
The second part of my Invention consists in effecting an equal distribution
of the flocks over the surfaces which they are intended to cover, by first
coating the foundations or fabrics to be operated upon with any suitable varnish
to produce adhesion, and subsequently passing the same under an oscillating
sieve containing the flocks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS FOR RAILWAY PURPOSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Brown Wilson at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
October 1860.
I, EDWARD BROWN WILSON, of Parliament Street, in the City of West-
minster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS FOR RAILWAY PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the manufacture of wheels for railway purposes
from solid cast steel.
The production of these wheels may be effected in various ways, but the
novelty of the Invention consists, as above stated, in the manufacture of
wheels for railway purposes of solid cast steel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Apsey and William George
Buck well at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 5th June 1860.
We, JOSEPH APSEY, of Cornwall Road, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer, and WILLIAM GEORGE BUCKWELL, of the Phoenix Stone Works,
East Greenwich, in the County of Kent, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILER AND OTHER
FURNACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the forming of furnace bars of a continuous or
endless tube, so arranged that the air feed shall be a downdraught or other-
wise towards the fire through and between the spaces formed by the continuous
tube fire-bar or bars.
In low-pressure boilers, under two atmospheres, we take the water from the
boiler and force it through the continuous tube fire-bars, by which means we
facilitate the generation of steam without altering the pressure in the boiler,
and increase the power of the engine and boiler without necessarily increasing
the consumption of fuel, while at the same time the smoke or other products of
combustion are consumed with gain.
In boilers constructed for high-pressure steam, in some instances, we would
pass the feed to the boiler through the continuous tube fire-bars, but generally
we prefer and recommend the water to be pumped from the boiler and forced
through the continuous tube fire-bars.
When using certain spiral coil tube boilers or steam generators we insert,

page_text: by preference, the spiral coil with fire-bars made of one or more continuous
tubes within a cupola boiler having a multitubular funnel through the water
area from below the ash-pit to the top of the cylinder forming the boiler, such
cylinder being continued and terminating in a funnel to form a receptacle for
the steam chest; but where there is less water space than is sufficient for
passing the necessary funnel tubes, we case the boiler by a smoke or heat cylin-
drical and spherical top containing a jacket, terminating in a large funnel, in
which, when desirable, the steam chest may be placed. We also use this form
of boiler without a spiral coil, but in that case the upper part of the cupola
fire-box may be studded with cup or cone indentations.
The pressure on the boiler being, for example, 20 lbs. to the inch, the water
with that pressure is, by a suitable pump, forced into the continuous fire-bar
tube, in passing through which it absorbs a very considerable amount of heat.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SEWING MACHINES AND THE USE THEREOF
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Hill at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th December
1860.
I, JOHN WILLIAM HILL, of No. 3, Philadelphia Place, Hackney Road,
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SEWING MACHINES AND THE USE THEREOF," to be as follows, that
is to say:-
First, the application to sewing machines and the employment therein of
two or more needles or other apparatus (in lieu of the one hitherto in use),
with the requisite number of tensions, reels, and other fittings and appliances.
for fixing and using the same for the purpose of rendering the machine capable
of performing two or more rows of stitching contemporaneously with one opera-
tion, and with threads of the same or different materials or colours.
Secondly, the arrangement and disposition of the needles in such manner
that the eyes of the needles may all stand in the same direction, and set the
loops (formed thereby in the usual way) in a row, so that the shuttle thread
may pass through all of them and so tie or bind them together. And the
regulation of the tension bands used for the purpose of tightening the needle
threads in such manner that the needle threads may, when desired, be drawn
back close to the surface of the fabric or material under operation, by which
process the shuttle thread having passed through all the loops is by them
drawn in the direction of the respective loop holes from side to side of the
sean, or from row to row of the stitching, whereby the use of tape or other

page_text: material used as a stay under the seams of cloth or other fabric or materials is
superseded, and the seam or work is made doubly strong, and rendered in-
capable of becoming undone until both of the threads used in closing and felling
the materials are absolutely worn out, and (being elastic) the work is also
incapable of being broken by longitudinal tension.
Thirdly, the needle bar or needle bars, or one or more needles in the same
bar, instead of being fixed as in the machines hitherto in use, is or are made
movable, and capable of adjustment by substituting slots or grooves in lieu of
the ordinary screw holes through which the set screws pass, by which means
the distance between the rows of stitching may be varied at pleasure, or pre-
served uniformly parallel in whatever direction the work may travel.
And, lastly, the simultaneous performance of two or more rows of stitching
of any kind with one operation by the operation of the machinery above
described.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Kenyon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th October
1860.
I, JAMES KENYON, of Adlington, in the County of Lancaster, Manager, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that part of the loom commonly called the "back
rest," over which the warp passes from the "warp beam" to the healds, which
"back rest" has heretofore consisted of a rigid bar or roller incapable of
counteracting the vibrations of the warp caused by the play of the " healds,"
which vibrations have consequently been transmitted to the warp beam,
thereby causing much wear in the healds and other parts of the loom; and
my improvements consist in making the "back" rest" more or less elastic in
the direction of the strain from the warp, which I accomplish by means of
springs or elastic packings placed between the "back.rest" and the bar or
part of the framing to which it is attached, or by making it sufficiently thin
and of a suitable material to cause it to have a springing action, or by the use
of both means in combination.
IMPROVEMENTS IN NAILS AND SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND IN PREPARING MATERIALS FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF, AND OP BUTTONS AND VARIOUS OTHER ARTICLES TO WHICH THE SAME MAY BE APPLICABLE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Johann Schuberth at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th January
1860.
I, JOHANN SCHUBERTH, of Vienna, in the Austrian Empire, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
NAILS AND SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND IN PREPARING MATERIALS FOR THE PRODUCTION
THEREOF, AND OP BUTTONS AND VARIOUS OTHER ARTICLES TO WHICH THE SAME MAY
BE APPLICABLE," to be as follows:-
According to this Invention the head of the nail or other similar article is
formed of porcelain or other clay or earth, or of cement, or of wood chips or
shavings, or wood waste (holzabfällen) to which a shank or pin of wire, metal,
or suitable material is connected. The porcelain or other clay is pressed,
turned, beaten, or brought into the required shape, dried, glazed, and fired or
burned, and in short treated as is usual in the manufacture of clay or pottery.
articles, and may be colored or marbled by painting or by combining coloring:
matter with the material while in a plastic or pasty state or otherwise.
In forming the head a recess can be left for the reception of the shank or
pin which is affixed therein by soldering, rivetting, pressure, or cementing.
A cement may be used for the purpose composed of plaster of Paris, lime
water, white of egg, or glair, and pure oil.
Heads may be formed from cement, taking caro to provide, while shaping or
moulding them, a recess to receive the shank or pin, which is fixed thereto,
or may be fastened in before the hardening of the cement, the top of the pin

page_text: may be bedded in cement and attached to a porcelain or clay head. I employ
as a cement or composition a compound consisting of unslacked lime, white
of egg, glair or albumen, and slacked lime or glue, which can be liquified by
pure oil, preferring to take two parts unslacked lime to one part glair, and one
-part-slacked-lime.__
The heads may also be produced from wood chips, or shavings, or wood-
waste, or refuse or sawdust (holzabfällen) by pressure in moulds, the shank
or pin being forced in or otherwise connected.
The heads produced according to my Invention may be colored or marbled
in any desirable manner.
The heads may be obtained of considerable whiteness and of excessive hard-
ness by employing for the "burning" operation a peculiar fire flame or
medium consisting of the gas evolved from beech wood, combustion being
assisted by free draughts of cold air.
Certain of these improvements may also be applied in the manufacturing of
buttons, castor wheels, and other articles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Reed at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 14th August
1860.
T, JAMES REED, of Limehouse, in the County of Middlesex, Pianoforte
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PIANOFORTES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates, first, to the sounding boards of pianofortes of all
classes. Heretofore it has been the practice of pianoforte makers to affix (by
means of glue or otherwise) the edges of the sounding board firmly to the
framing of the instrument, leaving the middle portion only free to vibrate.
Now this part of my Invention consists in leaving the edges of the sounding.
board unattached from the framing, and therefore entirely free to transmit
to the atmosphere the vibrations produced in it by the action of the strings,
combining with this arrangement a method of supporting the sounding board
on bearings placed at a distance (usually a few inches), within the edges
of the sounding board, the sounding board being fixed to the bearings by
means of screws and buttons, and not by means of glue, while between the
sounding board and its bearings I place a layer of cloth or other suitable
material. This part of my Invention also consists in forming the ribs of
sounding boards by which they are strengthened of a depth or thickness much
greater than their breadth, and of a tapering form in section, and of reduced
depth or thickness at the ends; this form of rib lends greater strength to the

page_text: sounding board than the ordinary rib, which is square or nearly square in
section, and also facilitates the vibration, and therefore improves the sound of
the sounding board.
The next part of my Invention relates to the braces and blocks of upright
pianofortes and consists in scoring the brace upon the block in an angular
or inclined direction, and in making the block of a corresponding form in
section, that is to say, making the block thin at the inner and thick at the
outer side. By this arrangement the brace is less weakened than when the
ordinary rectangular score is formed in it.
AN IMPROVED NECK-TIE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Paterson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th December
1860.
I, JOHN PATERSON, of Wood Street, in the City of London, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
NECK-TIE," to be as follows:-
My tie consists of a band furnished with buttons at one end, and with a
button hole or loop at the other, and has attached to the inside thereof a tab
carrying one or more pieces of silk or other material, folded and attached in
such manner as to represent the knot and "ends" of a scarf tied in the
ordinary manner. When on the neck of the wearer the ends of the band are
buttoned in front, for which purpose the knot and "ends" should be turned
up; the buttoning having been effected, the knot and "ends" are are turned
down hide the buttons, and the tie is complete. The pin or brooch used to
keep the ends of an ordinary scarf in their place need never be removed in my
improved neck-tie.