matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN FOOT WARMERS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jane Amies at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 31st
January 1872.
I, JANE AMIES, of Guernsey, one of the Channel Islands, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FOOT
WARMERS," to be as follows:-
These improvements are as follows:-The foot warmer made according
to this Invention is in the form more or less resembling that of a slipper,
into which the feet are inserted. The foot warmer consists of an inner
and an outer shell, and the space between the same contains hot water.
Or it might be divided off into two inner compartments enclosed in one
common outer shell; but I prefer the first described arrangement as
being both efficient and cheap. A small aperture closed by a cork
stopper or a screw plug or other convenient and well-known means
serves to fill and empty the foot warmer.
I prefer to make the foot warmer of tin, but other suitable material
may be employed. In order when required to strengthen the construc-
tion of the apparatus, the inner and outer shell are stayed together in

page_text: suitable places; but I prefer to run a supporting wall part of the length
between the outer and inner shell at top and bottom, so that the
circulation of the water be not impeded.
The foot warmer may be covered with non-conducting material, such as
carpet, cloth, or felt, and may have an inner lining consisting of some
suitable textile fabric or wadding.
Suitable means for carrying the apparatus, such for instance as a strap
or handle, may be attached to it.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN INFANTS' FEEDING BOTTLES FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OF LIQUIs
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL_SPECIFICATION left by John Spurrell Pode at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th November 1872.
I, JOHN SPURRELL PODE, of Plympton, in the County of Devon,
Solicitor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN INFANTS' FEEDING BOTTLES FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OF
LIQUIs," to be as follows:—
Infants' feeding bottles are generally provided with length of tubing of
flexible india-rubber for the purpose of conducting the milk or other
feeding matter from the neck of the bottle to the artificial teat. The
object of this Invention is to regulate the flow of milk or other fluid
from the neck of the bottle to the artificial teat. I make in either
china, glass, wood, or white or any metal, a small connecting tap; on the
top of the seat of the tap I divide or mark into 16 or any number of
degrees; in the plug of the tap just above the seat I insert a small pin
or pointer; to connect the regulator or tap I divide the flexible india-
rubber tube & fix the ends of the tap in the division, or one end of the
tap can be fixed into the cork of the bottle and the other to the end of
the flexible tube.

page_text: To regulate the flow of milk or other feeding matter to the child's
mouth I turn the handle of the regulator or tap which moves the pin
or pointer to any of the degrees marked, by so doing it indicates and
regulates the flow of milk or other matter from the neck of the bottle.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR ROVING, SPINNING, TWISTING, AND LAYING FIBROUS MATERIAL
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Dockray at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
November 1872.
I, ALFRED DOCKRAY, of Leeds, in the County of York, Machine
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR ROVING, SPINNING, TWISTING, AND
LAYING FIBROUS MATERIAL," to be as follows :—
The object of these improvements is to obtain a more perfect command-
over the variable speeds essential to the various operations of roving,
spinning, twisting, and laying fibrous material, and secures a range of
speeds unattainable by the present known means; for this purpose the
flyer is attached to a tubular revolving socket which rotates in and is
suspended from a top rail or fixing, and has a rotatory motion imparted
to it by toothed gearing, or by a whirl and band for roving, spinning,
twisting, and laying; a higher speed is thus obtainable than has hitherto
been possible in machines known as gill or rotary spinning machines,
with cone disc or regulating motion. The bobbin is attached to and
revolves with the spindle, and at the same speed in lieu of, as hitherto,

page_text: the spindle and bobbin being driven at two different speeds. The bobbin
does not rise and fall on the spindle as the spindle and bobbin both rise
and fall together, thus reducing the amount of power required, and
avoiding friction and consequent wear and tear. The spindles moreover
are made considerably shorter, as they need not project above the bobbin
head, thus allowing the bobbin to be removed when full or otherwise
without displacing the flyer as is now indispensable. The bobbin is also
driven by a separate positive motion of its own, the two motions being
thus under independent control, the bobbin and not the flyer being
attached to the spindle. The top revolving socket is also available for:
putting in the twist without the use of a flyer, and to accomplish this
the material passing through it is carried round by means of a guide
roller or its equivalent for deflecting the material out of the axial line of
rotation, or it is carried round by means of nipping rollers in the axial
line of rotation, and revolving along with the socket, the object being to:
twist the material to be roved, twisted, spun, or laid at the same speed
as the socket is driven.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF PREVENTING THE EXPLOSION OF GUNPOWDER
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Rowlinson Ratcliff at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 3rd October 1872.
I, DANIEL ROWLINSON RATCLIFF, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF PREVENTING THE EXPLOSION OF GUNPOWDER,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed for the purpose of preventing the explosion
of gunpowder in the event of a fire in the magazine, warehouse, or other
place where the gunpowder may be stored, and consists principally in
storing the said gunpowder in vessels or receptacles charged with certain
chemical compounds, which upon the application of a certain amount
of heat (such heat being far less than would cause the ignition, and
explosion of the gunpowder) shall either give off an aqueous vapor, such
as will saturate the gunpowder and convert it into a paste, or give off-
sulphurous acid gas, or muriatic acid gas, which will deoxidize or
decompose the nitre in the gunpowder, and thus render it harmless or
inexplosive.

page_text: I propose to use vessels or receptacles to contain gunpowder made
with double or cavity walls and double top and bottom similar to what
is now well known as the "Milner's fire-proof safe" and to charge the
cavities between the outer and inner skin with such chemicals or com-
positions as upon the application of heat will give off large volumes of
either aqueous vapor, or sulphurous or muriatic acid gas.
I propose to use vessels or receptacles to contain gunpowder made
with double or cavity walls and double top and bottom similar to what
is now well known as the "Milner's fire-proof safe" and to charge the
cavities between the outer and inner skin with such chemicals or com-
positions as upon the application of heat will give off large volumes of
either aqueous vapor, or sulphurous or muriatic acid gas.
For the formation of aqueous vapor I have found the use of common
alum or of sulphate or carbonate of soda to answer the purpose well, but
other salts might be used.
For the formation of sulphurous acid gas I propose to employ bi- 1
sulphite of soda and dilute sulphuric acid, but hyposulphite of soda or
bisulphite of ammonia or other metallic bisulphites may be employed
for the purpose.
For giving off muriatic acid gas the most simple and inexpensive
mixture would be strong vitriol (sulphuric acid) and muriate of soda 1
(common salt), but muriate or chloride of ammonia or other similar salts
might be used with the same effect, although I prefer the vitriol and
common salt as being the most effective and cheapest.
The sulphuric acid should be contained in leaden or glass vessels or in
earthenware receptacles closed by a fusible plug, or otherwise confined
in such a way that the application of heat would fuse or break the
vessels and set the acid free, which mixing with the bisulphites or
muriates would create large quantities of sulphurous or muriatic acid
gas, which mingling with the gunpowder would decompose the nitre,
and thus render the said powder inexplosive..
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BREAKING STONES, ORES, AND OTHER LIKE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Reginald Empson Middleton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th June 1872.
I, REGINALD EMPSON MIDDLETON, of Cannon Row, in the City of
Westminster, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BREAKING
STONES, ORES, AND OTHER LIKE SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements on what is known as Blake's
stone breaker, for which Letters Patent were granted to John Henry
Johnson, bearing date Fourteenth day of June 1858, No. 1346, and
consists of a peculiar construction of the connecting rod which actuates
the toggles, whereby it is rendered stronger and lighter than the
connecting rods heretofore used in the said machines.
In carrying out my Invention I substitute for the ordinary cast-iron
connecting rod, a wrought-iron, steel, or malleable cast-iron rod, con-
sisting of a bar or bars of wrought iron, steel, or malleable cast iron bent
round the driving shaft and connected in a suitable manner. The lower
part of the said rod is enlarged so as to form bearing for separate blocks
containing the curved recesses for the inner ends of the toggles to work

page_text: •
in, or will have the recesses formed in the substance of the rod itself.
A bearing is formed in the upper end of the connecting rod for the
actuating eccentric to work in, the upper part of such bearing being
composed of a separate piece of brass, cast iron, or other suitable metal
or metals used either by themselves or in connection with metals or wood 5
for the bearing. The connecting rod may be packed with timber to add
stability to the rod and to form a lubricating surface to the shaft. In
lieu of fitting the centres of oscillation of the moveable jaw in open slots
in the side standards, I suspend the jaw loosely from a rod which is
inserted at each end into a bush in the side standard, the said bush.1
maintaining the rod steady by preventing any jumping or shaking when
the machine is in motion.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN Box IRONS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Enoch Simcox and William
Banks at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 24th April 1872.
We, ENOCH SIMCOX and WILLIAM BANKS, both of Birmingham, in
the County of Warwick, Ironfounders, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN Box IRONS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object by means of the simple and effective
contrivance herein-after described to close and keep closed the lid of the
iron upon the "box." The box is hinged at the front end thereof, and
there is a rod or "skewer" provided as usual, but this instead of being
loose and free to pull out, as now customary, is secured to the top of the
lid by a steel spring, which is attached to the inner part of the
"upright," so that the skewer going through the upright (which is at
the back of the lid of the iron) in a longitudinal direction, passes through
the rear of the chimney and finally takes into an aperture in the loop
with which the upper part of the body is furnished, as customary, upon

page_text: the closing of the lid, and is held securely therein by the forward
pressure of the spring before-mentioned.
When the box is desired to be opened nothing more is required than
to withdraw or pull back the rod or skewer by means of the handle
affixed to its outer end.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS AND FURNACES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Reston Wood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st May 1872.
I, GEORGE RESTON WOOD, of the Wishaw Iron Works, Wishaw, in
the County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS AND FURNACES," to
be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its objects to increase the efficiency of steam
boilers, and to prevent or reduce the emission of smoke from the vents
of their furnaces.
In carrying out the Invention according to one modification a long
cylindrical boiler is employed with hemispherical ends and without
internal flues. This boiler is supported in a vertical position in a tower
of brickwork, and the grate or fire-chamber is formed immediately below
its bottom end. An inner cylindrical or slightly coned wall surrounds
the boiler for a considerable part of its length upwards from the bottom,
enclosing a space all round the boiler, up through which space the fire-
gases first pass from the grate. From the top of the space surrounding

page_text: the boiler short radiating flues lead the fire-gases into an outer space or
series of flues formed between the inner wall and an outer one; and the
fire-gases pass down the outer space or flues to horizontal flues formed
in the bottom of the building and converging to the centre where they
communicate with a flue leading to the vent or chimney. The gases
in passing down the outer space or flues assist in maintaining the heat
in the inner wall, and the arrangement by which they are led to a
central point at the bottom ensures an equal action of the draught on
all sides. Between the inner and outer walls flues may be formed
alternately with the fire-gas flues to lead air to the fire-grate or chamber,
so that such air may take up and utilise some of the otherwise wasted
heat. Inside the boiler a hemispherical shell is placed near the bottom
to act as a receptacle for sludge; or the bottom may be made to com-
municate by a pipe passing vertically down through the fire with a
vessel beneath for the same purpose.
Combustible or "waste" gases from puddling or other furnaces may be
burned or used in the fire chamber instead of solid fuel; and the shape
of the boiler or of the building may be modified, or flues may be formed
through it when a rapid production of steam is desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GARMENTS KNOWN AS KNICKERBOCKERS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Laurence at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
November 1872.
I, GEORGE LAURENCE, of Huddersfield, in the County of York,
Manager for Messieurs James Oates Bairstow and Company, of
Huddersfield, aforesaid, Wholesale Clothiers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GARMENTS KNOWN AS
KNICKERBOCKERS," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to so construct the garment known
as knickerbockers, chiefly worn by children, in such a manner as that
the same shall be much more durable without any material additional
cost of production.
In constructing knickerbockers according to this my said Inven-
tion I secure to the front at each knee an additional piece of fabric
of the same or other material as that composing the body of the
garment, and “
'bind," stitch, braid, or embroider upon and around

page_text: the edges thereof, so that the knee pieces do not detract from the
appearance of the garment. The said knee pieces may be applied
either to the outside or inside of the knees of the garment, and may
be of any form or shape and material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SCRIBBLING WOOL AND OTHER. FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Walker Simpson, Robert
Hopps, and David Johnson at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 26th June 1872.
We, ROBERT WALKER SIMPSON, ROBERT HOPPS, and DayID JOHNSON,
all of Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SCRIBBLING WOOL
AND OTHER. FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to the means employed for stripping the back
doffer and laying the sliver upon the "creeper" or travelling sheet, all
as hereafter described. Instead of the stripper plate of ordinary con-
struction we employ a carded roller mounted in suitable bearings on
the framework, and so placed that the wires thereon intersect the
wires of the back carded doffer. A rotary motion is given to the
roller through suitable gearing. This carded roller has the effect of
thoroughly cleansing the carding on the back doffer and better pre-
pares it for receiving the material from the cylinder or "swift."
conducting the material from the revolving stripper and laying it on
the creeper or travelling sheet we mount one or more plain rollers or
For

page_text: strippers behind the carded stripper to which motion is given through
suitable gearing.
By the herein described arrangement of strippers not only is the face
of the back doffer kept open and clean, but also the material is stripped
therefrom and laid more evenly on the creeper or travelling sheet,
thereby better preparing the material for the cuttling operation which
follows.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RULING PAPER
Year: 1872

page_text: the
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Scipion Maurel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,. on
21st November 1872.
I, (HENRI SCIPION) MAUREL, of Boulevard de Strasbourg, 28, Paris,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR RULING PAPER," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object an apparatus by means of which any
number of lines can be ruled upon a sheet of paper or other similar
material in a very short space of time.
This apparatus consists of a movable frame or support of any con-
venient form, in which are arranged socket rods or holders furnished
with pencils, or provided with trough pens, drawing pons, rollers, or
other appliances for the purpose of marking the paper with the im-
pression of the ruling in pencil, ink, or colours, as may be desired.
These holders are placed parallel to one another upon an axis, and are
kept at proper distances apart by means of intermediary rollers placed
between them, and the thickness of those rollers is regulated according
to the distances required between the lines of the sheet to be ruled.

page_text: The nature and action of my ruling apparatus will be well understood
from the following:-In two lateral projections of a frame or support
of any convenient form of wood or of metal are arranged rods or keys of
iron, zinc, or other metal, traversed by an axis or rod of steel. These
rods are kept parallel and at an exactly equal distance from one another
by means of little intermediary rollers of wood or other material,, which
are placed between every couple upon the axis. The ends of these rods
at the side are formed into pencil holders, trough pens, drawing pens,. or
other appliances in order to mark upon the paper, by the movement
imparted to the frame, strokes in pencil, or in ink, or colour. These
ends of the rods rest freely, and by their own weight upon the pencil or
pens, and yield to any unevenness which may occur in the path of the
ruler. At the same time an excentric rod arranged on the projection
enables it to be lifted by turning the handle. The weight of the rod
pressing upon the marker regulates the force of the stroke given by my
ruler, and may be varied by means of a counterweight sliding upon the.
other ends of the rods.
The distance between the lines of the ruling depends upon the
thickness of the rollers, and it will be understood that lines may be
traced at any distance apart by removing one of more of the rods by the
aid of a spring fixed to the frame, or by any other means. A long flat
bar fixed to two jointed levers, and guided by a handling rod, serves to
remove when necessary all the rods at once by pressing with this bar
upon their extremities.
The two projections of the frame slide in the grooves of a guide frame.
the number and distances between which may be varied in proportion to
the width of ruling desired to be produced.
IMPROVMENTS IN COPYING PRESSES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolf Rack at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th September
1872.
I, ADOLF RACK, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, now residing at
Finsbury Square, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVMENTS IN COPYING
PRESSES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to produce a cheap and effective
copying press, which from its form and construction will be very port-
able, and convenient for use when traveling.
The copying press consists of two small rollers made of hard wood,
metal, or other suitable substance. One of the two rollers turns in
fixed bearings, and the other in bearings which are capable of adjustment
in the frame which carries them. The axle of one of the rollers is long
enough to receive a handle or winch for turning the rollers.
When a letter is required to be copied it is placed in the copying
book in the ordinary manner, and this latter is then introduced between

page_text: the two rollers of the press. The necessary pressure is given by means
of two screws which act upon the journals or bearings of one of the
rollers, or by means of a strong spring. The copy is produced exactly
in the same way as with the roller copying presses used at present.
This press with regard to the copies produced will be found to act
most satisfactorily as the pressure is only on one line at a time. The
copying press can be fixed on any table whenever it is required for use
by means of a screw clamp. The whole apparatus is so small that it
can be easily packed away with other articles, such as clothing, in the
smallest portmanteau.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR A PASSENGER IN A TRAIN (RAILWAY) COMMUNICATING WITH THE GUARD and Enging DRIVER AT ONE AND THE SAME TIE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles O'Laughlin Lamb
Prendergast at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 21st November 1872.
I, CHARLES O'LAUGHLIN LAMB PRENDERGAST, of Wokingham, in
the County of Berks, a Captain in the Bengal Staff Corps, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR A
PASSENGER IN A TRAIN (RAILWAY) COMMUNICATING WITH THE GUARD and Enging
DRIVER AT ONE AND THE SAME TIE," to be as follows:-
At each end of the railway carriages, on the outside, close up to the
top, and about the centre I place a small box made of wood or metal;
the box has a hinged bottom, kept closed by a spring or catch, a handle
or lever is attached to the catch. I then have a thin cord or wire
running close to the roof inside the whole length of the carriage, each
end of the cord or wire runs through a small hole made through the
ends of the carriage, and is attached to the handle or lever of the catch.
From the 4 corners of the compartments of the railway carriage I
fasten a cheque string attached to the said cord or wire that runs from
end to end of the carriage. In each of the boxes I place a weighted

page_text: ball of two or more lbs., on the top of each ball is a ring, which projects
through the top of the box, and each ball has a hole through from top
to bottom. I then fix a round rod perpendicular the whole depth of
the carriage, the top end of the rod runs through the hinged bottom of
the box (which has a notch cut out to receive it), and also through the
hole in the ball, the other end of the rod has an elbow, which is made
fast at the bottom of the carriage. I then place a long cord or wire, one
end of which I fasten to the engine driver's whistle, the other end is
then passed through all the rings of the ball, and then made fast to a
1
bell or other signal in the guard or brake van.
To give the signal, any passenger pulling the cheque string hanging
down from the 4 corners inside the carriage immediately acts on the
catch of the 2 boxes at the end of that carriage, and lets the balls fall
through the boxes and down the perpendicular rods, in their fall pull
or draw the cord or wire, which runs the whole length on the roof of 1
the carriages, connecting the driver's whistle with the signal in the
guard's van, thus turning the handle of the driver's whistle, and at the
same time acting on the signal in the guard's van.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN RAILROADS, AND IN CARRIAGES TO BE USED THEREON
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th July
.1872.
I, WILLIAM SMITH, of Waterloo Road, in the City of Dublin, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN RAILROADS, AND IN CARRIAGES TO BE USED THEREON," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the combination of a single centre guide rail
with a suspended or overhead rail or guide, and to the construction of
carriages to be used thereon, the object being to provide an efficient
railway for light traffic at a comparatively small cost.
In constructing the improved railroad any approved section of rail
may be used for the ground rail, and for the overhead guide I use either
a light girder rail or strained wire which I support by means of brackets
carried by posts at any desired height from the ground. The carriages
and trucks I provide with central flanged wheels to run on the ground
rail and with central guide poles which are furnished at their upper ends

page_text: with guide rollers which will bear against the suspended rail or guide
wire, and serve to maintain the carriages in a vertical position. The
guide poles of the carriages may be made telescopic to allow of the guide
rollers which they carry adjusting themselves to any variations in the
height of the overhead rail or guide wire, a coiled spring or its equivalent
being used to hold the guide rollers in contact with the overhead guide
rail.
The railroad may be worked by horse traction, or by engines applying
their power to central wheels, or I may use a double revolving guide
wire, and connect the carriages thereto by means of clips carried by the
guide poles. This wire may receive motion from drum wheels worked
by a stationary engine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edward Woods at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th February 1872.
I, JOHN EDWARD WOODS, of 44, Finsbury Circus, in the City of
London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to lessen the vibration and shocks in
railway carriages by the application of vulcanized india-rubber.
In carrying my said Invention into effect in practice I interpose a
thick band or pad of vulcanized india-rubber between the carriage
springs and the top plates of the several springs, or in certain cases I
prefer to place the said bands or pads between the scroll irons and the
side soles. I am aware that ferrules of rubber have been used in the
eye of the scroll irons, but from the small size of its bearing surface its
elasticity is destroyed, which my said Invention remedies.
Another part of my said Invention consists in introducing pads of
vulcanized india-rubber to the door pillar to avoid the shocks to
the carriage by slamming the doors.
AN IMPROVED PUMP FOR DRAINING MINES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Noah Dunn at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th March
1872.
I, NOAH DUNN, of Burntree, in the Parish of Tipton, and County of
Stafford, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED PUMP FOR DRAINING MINES," to be as follows:
The object of this Invention is to construct a pump which shall save
40 to 50 per cent. of the labour now employed, and this I achieve
substantially by dividing the column of water as it is forced upwards,
and by so arranging the quantity or force of water above and below
the ram or plunger employed that each may act and react upon the
other, so that a continual stream of water may be ejected from the
outlet pipes.
My improved pump consists substantially of two working barrels,
which are connected together and held in position by two bracketed
plates, and a ram or plunger, which is of peculiar and unusual con-
struction, inasmuch as its upper part is of smaller diameter than its

page_text: lower part, and thus a smaller resistance is offered by the water in the
upward stroke of the ram. At the lower part of the second or under-
most of the two working parts is a clack door piece fitted with a valve,
which is caused to open as the ram or plunger rises and the water is
"" wine
drawn upwards. Underneath here is the blast hole piece, or
bore."
The action of my, improved pump is as follows:-At the up stroke
of the plunger the water is drawn through the wine bore filling the
bottom working barrel, where it remains until the plunger performs its
down stroke, and upon this taking place the water rushes through the
said ram or plunger into the second or top working barrel, and upon
the ram again taking an up stroke part of the same water flows into
the outlet pipes provided; the remaining part of the water continuing
in the top working barrel by reason of the upper part of the said ram
or plunger being of smaller diameter than its lower part, and when this
ram takes its down stroke it is assisted in its course by this remaining
water pressing upon it; and by reason of the lower part of the said ram
or plunger being of larger diameter than its upper part the outflow of
water is continued.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WINDING THREAD OR YARN UPON PIRNS OR BOBBINS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hunt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd April
1872.
I, JOHN HUNT, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR WINDING THREAD OR YARN UPON PIRNS OR BOBBINS," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist, firstly, in a superior method of driving
the pirn or bobbin, whereby the yarn can be rapidly wound and firmly
built upon the pirn or bobbin; and secondly, in the application of a
compensating motion worked by a cam, by means of which the tension
on the yarn is kept more equal.
The mode of driving the pirn or bobbin consists principally in the
application of centrifugal force for that purpose. I dispense with the
usual flat spindle and weight, and I provide each wharve with two
weights or blocks (one on each side) supported on pins or pegs at
the bottom, and attached at the top by pins to two short cranked levers
carried by the long boss of the wharve. The inner arms of these levers
form two semi-cylindrical clips between which the stem or stalk of the

page_text: pirn or bobbin is placed. When the wharve is set in motion these
weights are thrown out by centrifugal force and cause the clips to
embrace the stem or stalk of the pirn or bobbin, and so cause it to
revolve with the wharve. The force of these clips will hold the pirn or
bobbin firmly down into the conical cup, but at the same time will allow
it to rise gradually as the pirn is built up, and by the time the pirn is
full it will have withdrawn its lower end entirely from the clips, and so
cease to revolve.
The improved compensating motion is constructed as follows:-Upon
the same shaft which carries the heart-shaped cam or wheel which
actuates the guide rod for traversing the thread up and down on the
pirn I place an excentric cam which works against a roller or bowl on
one end of a lever or link connected to another lever carrying a tension
rod or rail, over which the yarn passes from the "spider" or "swift”
to the guide rod. This excentric cam is so formed that it moves the
tension rod or rail gradually outwards so as to tako up the slack of the
yarn as it is wound on to the smaller diameter of the pirn, and moves
the same gradually inwards again so as to ease the tension as the yarn is
wound on to the larger diameter of the pirn or bobbin, thus equalizing
the tension throughout.
THE APPLICATION OF TITANIC IRON ORE IN MAKING AND REPAIRING BOTTOMS OF HEATING & RE- HEATING FURNACES IN PLACE OF SAND, IN ORDER TO UTILIZE THE CINDER FROM SUCH FURNACES FOR FETTLING PUDDLING FURNACES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Jackson and Thomas
Southan at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 11th September 1872.
We, THOMAS JACKSON, of Coats Iron Works, Coatbridge, Iron Master,
and THOMAS SOUTHAN, of the same Place, Iron Works Manager, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE APPLICATION OF
TITANIC IRON ORE IN MAKING AND REPAIRING BOTTOMS OF HEATING & RE-
HEATING FURNACES IN PLACE OF SAND, IN ORDER TO UTILIZE THE CINDER FROM
SUCH FURNACES FOR FETTLING PUDDLING FURNACES," to be as follows, that is
to say
This Invention, which relates to the employment of titanic iron ore in
substitution of sand for making or repairing the bottoms of the heating
chambers of furnaces used for heating or reheating iron, has for its
object to produce a cinder or slag suitable for the fettling of puddling
furnaces. The cinder at present produced in furnaces for heating or
reheating iron on sand bottoms is not adapted for fettling puddling
furnaces, but used for the production of cinder pig in the blast furnace.

page_text: In carrying out the Invention the titanic iron ore is ground or
reduced to powder which is thrown in on the bottom of the heating or
reheating chambers after the manner in which sand has hitherto been
applied, and in repairing the furnace bottoms it is similarly applied.
AN IMPROVED COUPLING FOR THE SHAFTING OF MACHINERY
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Ebenezer Harrold at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th November 1872.
I, HENRY EBENEZER HARROLD, of Bedford House, Loughborough, in
the County of Leicester, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED COUPLING FOR THE SHAFTING OF MACHINERY,” to
be as follows:—
My Invention has for its object a more economical and secure method
of coupling shafting by which the expense of boring out couplings is
dispensed with, and the shafting is more truly connected in less time
than is generally occupied in fixing those couplings now in ordinary use,
and consists of a hollow cylinder having its internal diameter larger than
the diameter of the shafting for which it is intended, and having two
cheeks or truly planed surfaces formed inside it, which may be at any
convenient angle each to each, any sharp angle formed inside the
coupling by the meeting of these two surfaces should be if possible
avoided or rounded off for the sake of strength. These cheeks form two
points of contact with the shaft, the third consists of a square or flat key
fitted in the ordinary way, or of one or more set screws.

page_text: When keys are used it will of course be necessary to provide a third
cheek or plane surface for the reception of the key, if a square key be
used; or for the abutment of a flat key it may be convenient when set
screws are used to strengthen the coupling at these points of contact
with annular rings of metal cast with the coupling, and it may in some
cases be well to countersink the heads of the set screws in these rings.
It is obvious that by this Invention a true connection may be readily
made and broken between two shafts, the coupling centreing the shaft
while it is being fixed, the expense attendant upon boring out the
coupling is obviated as well as in many cases that incurred by sinking a
keyway and fitting a key.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGU- LATING THE BLAST OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th August 1872.- A communication from abroad by Charles
Byrom Knowles and John Edward Saunders, both of Nashville,
Tennessee, United States of America.
-
.I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGU-
LATING THE BLAST OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES," a communication, to be as
follows:-
The said Invention relates to a variable exhaust blast pipe for locomo-
tive engines, the object being to control the blast by contracting or
closing at pleasure the orifice of the blast or exhaust pipe by means of a
series or set of valves so arranged and constructed that it will by its own
action free itself from any gummy or foreign matter that may or could
form thereon.
A semicircular, oval, or bevelled valve seat is placed upon the top of
the exhaust pipe, two valves with circular ends are arranged to work on

page_text: the said valve seat, covering or exposing at the will of the engineer the
orifices therein. These valves are centred and secured on and over their
seat by a pivot bolt at one end, and are secured, controlled, and operated
at the other end by a shaft. This shaft extends through the side of the
smoke box and is journaled in a box. To the outside end of the said
shaft is attached a lever operated by the engineer by means of a connec-
ting rod. The valves are grooved on their joining faces to cut or scrape
off any gummy or foreign matter and permit the escape of any accumu-
lation that may form or gather on the valve seat or its connections. The
said valves are worked and controlled by a double jointed crank arm
working on a pivot or journal joint.
On one of the said valves is an ear in which a crank arm works. The
aforesaid shaft is fastened in one of the circular ends of the said valve
and acts as a journal for the end of the other. Throwing one valve open
by means of the shaft throws the said crank arm downward, and the
same carries with it the crank and journal and consequently the other
valve, thereby opening both at one time and closing by reversing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENTS FOR DAMPING IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN THE SPINNING OR DOUBLING OF Соттом OB OTHER YARN
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bowlas at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
November 1872.
I, THOMAS BOWLAS, of Reddish, in the County of Lancaster,
Cotton Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENTS FOR DAMPING IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED
IN THE SPINNING OR DOUBLING OF Соттом OB OTHER YARN," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates more particularly to machinery employed in the
doubling of cotton yarn, but may also be applicable to machinery
employed in the doubling or spinning of other yarn. In such machinery
the yarns to be doubled are usually caused to pass through water
contained in a trough, and I have found that the said yarn parts with
particles of dust or fly when passing through the water, and that such
particles accumulate in the water and to some extent effect or injure the
quality or appearance of the yarn.
The object of my said Invention is to prevent or to lessen such
accumulation of particles in the water, and to this end I cause each end

page_text: of yarn to pass between and in contact with two pieces of felt or
other similar or suitable material before entering the water, such pieces
of felt or other material wiping the said particles or some of the said
particles of dust or fly from off the yarn; I prefer to attach the pieces
of felt or material to hinged parts which can be readily thrown back in
order that the felt or material may be wiped; I also prefer to pass the
yarn again between and in contact with two pieces of felt after the said
yarn leaves the water, whereby the excess of water is removed from the
yarn. Each end of yarn may be caused to come into contact with only
one piece, or with more than two pieces of felt or material before
entering the water, as preferred. My said Invention is or may be
applicable in cases wherein steam is employed to damp the yarn.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SCOURING, PREPARING FOR PRINTING, BLEACHING; CLEANSING, AND DRYING READY FOR BEAMING AND FOLDING WOOLLEN, WORSTED, 'LINEN, COTTON, OR MIXED FABRICS, EITHER WOVEN. OR FELTED
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Fillingham and James
Pardoe at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th December 1872.
TO SAMUEL FILLINGHAM and JAMES PARDOE, both of St. Helen's
Mills, Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
SCOURING, PREPARING FOR PRINTING, BLEACHING; CLEANSING, AND DRYING READY
FOR BEAMING AND FOLDING WOOLLEN, WORSTED, 'LINEN, COTTON, OR MIXED
FABRICS, EITHER WOVEN. OR FELTED," to be as follows:-
"
Our Invention consists in washing, scouring, bleaching, and mordant-
ing woollen and other fabrics in a more effectual and economical
manner than has heretofore been done. To this end the fabric is drawn
from a beam, or from a pile, and when properly spread or straightened
by being passed over a bar having diagonal grooves or any other
analogous device, is conducted between rollers into a tank or vessel
containing soapsuds or other lees. After passing over and under
carrying rollers it passes between a pair of pressing rollers, the upper
The super-.
one of which is weighted in any convenient manner.
abundant moisture is pressed from the fabric and runs back into the

page_text: tank or vessel, after which the fabric may be conducted through a
second tank containing soapsuds or other lees, and between a second
pair of pressing rollers, and then through a vessel containing water,
which with the addition of another pressing operation will wash out
the soap or other lees from the fabric, which is then passed through a
bath containing a solution of salts of tin or other mordanting prepa-
ration, and then through a bath of water to wash out the superfluous.
mordanting preparation.
Either before or after this mordanting process the fabric may if
desired be conducted through a bleaching solution, such as chloride
of lime or other suitable preparation, and ultimately through one or
more vessels containing water for the purpose or washing out or
removing the superfluous bleaching solution.
Pressing rollers are adapted to all the several tanks for the purpose
of expressing the superabundant moisture from the fabric, which is
finally dried by being passed round, over, or in contact with one, two,
or more heated cylinders.
The fabric having thus been washed, mordanted, bleached, and dried,
is then wound on to a warp beam or beams, or it may be folded by any
suitable machinery ready for printing.
It will be evident that by combining several processes in one machine
or apparatus, so that they may be carried on in succession, a very
considerable economy of labour will be effected.
We would however observe that some of the processes, such as either
the bleaching or mordanting, may under some circumstances be
dispensed with.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PRINTING FLOOR CLOTHS AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by. Thomas Neill at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
December 1872.
I, THOMAS NEILL, of Cathcart, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PRINTING FLOOR CLOTHS AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention, which relates to improvements in that class of
machines used in the printing of floor cloths wherein a printing
block is employed, consists in rendering the "printing block" self-
feeding with paint or other similar material used in the printing of
floor cloths, in place of supplying it by hand, by means of a brush
or its equivalent, as in machines of that class hitherto constructed.
The mechanism consists of a strong rectangular framing, between the
two sides of which the printing block is supported on an axis, the
extremities of which are situated and slide in vertical slots formed in
the sides of the rectangular framing. A broad belt for receiving the
paint or other similar material used in the printing is situated at the

page_text: upper part of the rectangular framing. The belt is caused to revolve
slowly round guide rollers, and receives the paint or other similar
printing material by passing over a brush, which is situated in a paint
trough. The printing block on making an impression is raised in the
vertical slots by means of a quick screw or other suitable power, and
during its upward progress is reversed by the axis, on which is formed a
suitable cam coming into contact with a stud or studs attached to the
rectangular framing. Or the printing block may be reversed by means
of pinions attached to the extremities of the axis, and which gear into
racks attached to the rectangular framing. The under or printing side
of the block being then uppermost it is pressed against the belt and
receives a supply of paint. The quick screw or other suitable actuating
power being then turned in a contrary direction, the printing block is
lowered, and during its descent is reversed back into its former position
ready for printing. A number of these printing blocks may be com-
bined into the one machine, so that the whole width of the cloth or a
part thereof can be printed at one operation, and the machine may be so
constructed as to travel, the cloth being stationary, or the machine may
be stationary, and the cloth be made to pass under the block or blocks.
Steam or other suitable power may be employed to actuate the
machine.
AN AERIAL MACHINE;
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Stephens Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th February 1872.
I, DAVID STEPHENS BROWN, of Braywick House, Green Lanes,
Islington, Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN AERIAL MACHINE;" to be as follows:-
onc.
The machine is of the aeroplane kind, but differs from that of
Henson's, patented in 1842, by having two planes for support instead of
These planes are placed one before the other at some distance
apart, and kept in their position by means of beams extending from one
to the other. The beams as well as the other framework of the machine
are tubular, and the planes double walled, so that they may also act as
generators or condensers when other than manual power is employed.
The propellers may be of the screw, fish tail, wing, or rocket kind.
The planes may be inclined or uninclined to the path of the machine in
the air, or alternately inclined and uninclined at rapid intervals.