Method of and Apparatus for Producing and Utilizing Pulsating Electric Currents in Closed Circuits.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Mar., 1890-Accepted, 12th Apr., 1890
Method of and Apparatus for Producing and Utilizing Pulsating
Electric Currents in Closed Circuits.
I, CITARLES JOSEPH VAN DEPOELE, residing at Number 502 Essex Street, in the
City of Lynn, County of Essex and State of Massachusetts, one of the United States
of America, Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
My said invention comprises means for producing electric currents having a defined
rise and fall being thereby rendered intermittent or pulsating, means for varying
the rate of succession of said currents, together with both rotary and reciprocating
engines particularly adapted to be operated with currents produced according to my
said invention, the said defined currents being moreover utilized in closed working
circuits so that their characteristic qualities are not due to the use of circuit-breaking
devices upon all of which my present invention is an improvement.
The well known alternate current electric lighting machines produce current
phases which might be termed “defined" but the speed or rate at which said
machines are run produces current phases altogether too rapid for use with recipro-
cating engines, and moreover, said currents are always alternating in direction. By
my invention I am enabled to convert the current energy of an ordinary continuous
current armature rotating at its most efficient speed, or an ordinary continuous
current from any source, into undulating or pulsating currents of either constant
direction or of alternating polarity and having any desired rapidity of succession.
This part of my invention is embodied in a dynamo-electric machine having an
armature of any desired type and a sectional commutator. Stationary commutator
brushes are located upon the line of commutation and to these the main working
conductors are connected. A third conductor forms a common return for the
conductors connected to the two main commutator brushes, and is in electrical
connection with a third commutator brush which is arranged to be constantly moved
about the periphery of the commutator towards and away from the main stationary
brushes, so that, the current energy of the machine will flow first through one main
conductor and the moving brush, and then through the other. The speed of the
moving brush is controllable and it follows that the rise and fall of current energy
in the working circuits connected to the moving and stationary brushes will corre-
spond to the. rate of travel of the said moving brush. The armature just referred to
may be forcibly rotated and operate as a generator, or continuous currents may be
supplied thereto when said armature will rotate as a motor and act to distribute the
continuous supply current in accordance with the system. Separate independent
circuits are also operated in this manner, and where it is desired that they be wholly
independent, a travelling brush may be provided for each circuit. A second feature
of the invention comprises a reciprocating electro-magnetic engine suitable for the
operation of a drilling tool or the piston of a pump or other work; such an engine
is provided with two or more motor coils in the form of solenoids within which a
magnetic piston or plunger is moved-in accordance with the rise and fall of current
energy in said motor coils. The motor coils are usually arranged so that the piston
will be attracted in a forward. direction through one, and in a rearward direction
through the other. In the simplest form of this engine the main working conductors
extending from the stationary commutator brushes are connected to the outer
terminals of the motor coil, and the third conductor representing the moving brush,
is connected to the other extremities of both of said coils, the result being that as
said moving brush travels around or about the commutator the current will rise and
fall in the motor coils in alternation, thereby imparting forward and backward

page_text: movement to the magnetic piston and whatever may be thereto attached. Various
different forms of engines may be actuated on this principle, which is also applicable
to a particular form of rotary motion which I have devised for operation in
connection therewith. I shall now proceed to describe the invention, with reference
to the accompanying drawings, which are given as examples only, and the various
figures of which are hereinafter described.
in
As shown in Figure 1, A, and, B, are the polar extensions of the field magnet
system of an electro-dynamic generator which may be constructed as seen
complete form in Figure 7. C, is the armature of the Gramme or other type, the
core, D, of which is wound with a continuous conductor, d, which is connected at
suitable symmetrical intervals by terminals, b, with the sections of a commutator, E,
as in the well known Gramme armature. Stationary but adjustable main commutator
brushes, F, F', are suitably sustained in operative relation to the periphery of the
commutator, E, and upon or near to the line of commutation. In addition to the
stationary brushes, F, F, a pair of moving brushes, g, gl, are arranged to bear upon
and to be rotated about the periphery of the commutator.
Figure 2, shows an arrangement similar to that just described except that a
different form of translating device is shown in circuit with the working conductors
and that the moving commutator brushes are only indicated conventionally. A
practical method of actuating the moving brushes is shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3, is a plan view of a part of an armature showing commutator brush
actuating mechanism. C, is the armature shaft upon which is first placed a rotatable
sleeve, f, which is insulated from the said shaft and is provided with a pair of
metallic arms, G, G¹, extending to opposite points adjacent to the commutator and
said arms are provided with commutator brushes, g, g¹. The brush-holders, G, G¹.
are carefully insulated from each other and from their common bearing, f. Adjacent
to the axis of each arm is placed an insulated collector ring, 7, 93, said rings being
electrically connected each with one of the brush-carrying arms. Contact
brushes, H, H¹, bear upon the collector rings, G2, G3, and are connected to the
working conductors, h, h, as will appear. The sleeve, f, and the parts connected
thereto, may be rotated in any desirable manner, as indicated, a worm wheel, I, is
secured to the sleeve, f, and motion is imparted thereto by means of a worm pinion, i,
carried by an extension, ½, of the armature shaft of the motor, J, which, of course can
be controlled in any known or desired manner. Where but a single moving brush
is used, one of the brush carrying arms, collector rings, and contact for engaging
same, is omitted. (See Figure 9.) Reciprocating engines, are seen in Figure 1,
comprising solenoids, K, L, each provided with an interior tube or lining, M, of
brass or other dia-magnetic metal within which is movably placed a magnetic
piston, N, indicated in dotted lines. To the piston, N, is connected a drilling tool, m,
or other device to be reciprocated. One terminal of each of the coils, K, L, is
connected to one of the moving brushes, the coil, K, by conductor, h, to the
brush, H, and the coil, L, by conductor, h¹, to the brush, H. The other terminals
of said coils being connected by conductors, i, j, with the stationary commutator
brushes, F, F¹. Under the influence of the brush moving mechanism the movable
brushes will alternately approach and recede from the points of maximum and zero
electro-motive force upon the commutator, thereby causing the currents to rise and
fall in the motor coils, K, L, simultaneously, and in accordance with the rate of travel
of the said moving brushes. Where an iron piston is used these current waves or
impulses would cause the motor coil to attract the same in one direction only,
therefore I provide each with a retracting spring, as, l, k, for returning the magnetic
piston after each power stroke.
Figure 2, shows a generator having stationary and movable brushes as in Figure 1,
with two circuits extending therefrom, but instead of said circuits operating two
single engines they are divided so as to operate two double engines, said double
engines comprising two motor coils, or groups of coils, R, RI, Q, Q¹, for each engine,
the retracting spring being omitted. The conductor, j, leading from stationary
brush, F, is connected with conductors, q, r, which extend to the outer terminals of

page_text: the coils, Q, K. The conductor, j, extending from the brush, F, also divides and is
connected by conductors, q³, r', with the outer terminals of coils, Q, R. The inner
terminals of all four coils or groups of coils, Q, Q, R, R¹, are connected to the
moving brushes, H, H¹, those of the coils, Q, Q, by conductor, 12, with moving
brush, H, and those of the coils, R, R', by conductor, r², with the moving brush, H.
With this arrangement the current will always be maximum in two coils and minimum
in the two others, rising and falling gradually in each instance and acting to propel
magnetic pistons contained within the casings, M1, M2, back and forth in accordance
with the speed of movement of the travelling brushes.
Figure 4, shows a construction resembling one-half of the double system seen in
Figures 1 and 2, and comprises a drilling engine having motor coils, K', L', supplied
by conductors, h, h¹, connected to the stationary commutator brushes and having their
inner terminals connected to a single return conductor, h², which extends to a single
moving brush, H. With this arrangement the current will rise and fall alternately
in the motor coils, K, L, and the relative strength of current in the said circuit can
readily be controlled by means of adjustable resistances, h³, h+. Under many con-
ditions it would be desirable to impart greater power to the stroke in one direction
than in the other and this object can be obtained in a variety of ways, as by the
adjustable resistances seen in Figure 4, or by making the conductor or the resistance
of the coils of different capacities, as seen in Figure 5, or by connecting part of the
coils in multiple and part in series.
Figures 5 and 6, further show means for moving the rotating brush and acting
direct from the armature shaft said means comprising a driving pinion, C2, mounted
upon the armature shaft, C, and engaging a counter wheel, C, mounted upon a
counter shaft, C. A pinion, Co, also upon the counter shaft, engages a wheel, C7,
which is loosely mounted upon the armature shaft or upon the sleeve thercon, and
said wheel is provided with a brush carrying arm, G, carrying a commutator brush, g,
which is thereby sustained in operative relation to the commutator, E. The brush, g,
is in electrical connection through the arm, G, or otherwise, with an annular con-
tact surface, C8, carried by the wheel, C7, and engaged by a contact, H, by which the
currents are conveyed to line from the moving brush. The counter shaft, C+, may
be conveniently sustained by a bracket, C³, connected to the bearing of the armature
shaft, C¹.
Figures 7 and 8, show belted instead of cog gearing as a means for operating the
moving brush in which, D', is a driving pulley upon the armature shaft, "C". D is a
driven pulley upon the counter shaft, D³, suitably mounted in bearings attached
to any convenient part of the machine. D, is a driving pulley upon the counter
shaft, and, D, is a driven pulley rotatably mounted upon the armature shaft and
carrying the brush-holder, G, and moving brush, g. H, is a contact for taking off
the current from the brush carrying pulleys, D5. The pulleys, D1, D2, are connected by
a belt, D6, and the pulleys, D³, D5, by a belt, D. Obviously, by varying the sizes of
the pulleys the relative speed of the moving brush, g, with respect to that of the
armature shaft can be adjusted as desired, and it will be apparent that by the employ-
ment of cone or step pulleys instead of the forms here shown, the desired adjustment
could be made with the least possible trouble.
Figure 7, also shows an extended three-wire circuit leading from the generator
and said circuit also includes a number of translating devices of differing type, for
example, D8, indicates a two-coil reciprocating engine which may be the same as that
I have described in Figure 4, and the coils of said engine are supplied respectively
from the secondary coils of two inductional transformers, d³, d, which may be used
where comparatively rapid currents are employed, the primary coils of which are
connected respectively to circuits, h, h³, h¹, h², and are thereby alternately supplied
with current impulses.
A single coil engine, K, is also shown in circuit with the secondary of an induc-
tional transformer, 5. D, indicates a drilling engine of the type herein before
referred to as "two-coil" by which I mean an engine in which the piston is moved

page_text: in both directions under the influence of electro-magnetism. The motor coils may be
composed of a plurality of sections connected to form groups and the preponderance
of power in the forward stroke may be imparted, for example, by diminishing the
resistance of one of the groups, as indicated in said Figure 7, by connecting a pre-
ponderance of the motor coils in double multiple arc. de, d, are inductional trans-
formers for supplying the motor coils of the engine D³. D, indicates a two-coil
engine, such as is seen in Figure 4. The various arrangements shown in Figure 7,
illustrate the adaptability of the system to various conditions. As there indicated, a
large number of engines may be economically operated upon an extended circuit by
simply raising the potential of the current sent to line and reducing the same for use,
Engines wound for different currents may also be employed upon a single circuit
by using a suitably wound converter in connection therewith, and, as in the
instance of the engine D, it will be understood that the engines themselves may
be wound and adjusted for the reception of current of relatively high potential
without transformation of any kind.
Figure 9, shows a form of the invention by which I am enabled to tap a continuous
current circuit and to transform such a current into a pulsating or rising and falling
current in closed circuits. E¹, indicates a source of continuous current. e¹, e², indi-
cate the line conductors extending therefrom. M³, is an electro-dynamic motor in
circuit with the said conductors, e, 2, and operated thereby. Double coil recipro-
cating engines, E2, E3, are indicated, their outer terminals being connected by
conductors, h, h', with the main positive and negative binding posts or commutator
brushes of the motor, M³, while their inner terminals are connected by conductor, h²,
to a moving brush, H. Having their outer terminals connected to opposite supply
conductors, the coils of the said engines would be magnetized in one direction, and
so remain.
The moving brush, however, constitutes a return circuit first for one
coil and then for the other, and in that manner act to shift the current from one coil
to the other, thereby producing reciprocating motion in the magnetic plungers
thereof. E, indicates a single coil engine similar to those shown in Figure 1, one
of its terminals being connected by conductor, j, with one of the binding posts of
the motor, and by the conductor, h2, with the rotating brush so that the current is
caused to rise and fall in the coils of the said engine whereby the piston is drawn
in by the force of electro-magnetism, which, dying down between the impulses,
permits the retracting spring, kl, to withdraw the plunger into position to be again
drawn downward under the magnetic force developed by the next current impulse.
The engine, E2, has a rivetting hammer, m³, attached to its piston rod, m³, which is
connected to its magnetic piston, N. The engine, E³, is provided with a hammer, m³,
which is connected to its piston rod, m', and is adapted to perform work by striking
upon the anvil, n. The engine, E, is also shown as having its piston connected to
a hammer for striking upon an anvil.
Figure 9, shows means already described for rotating the moving brush of the
motor distributor, M³.
Figure 10, shows an arrangement whereby an alternating current can be sent to
line said currents having the adjustability of rate already referred to. The moving
brushes of the machine seen in Figure 10, may be impelled by mechanism such as
seen in Figure 3. Stationary brushes are seen in said figure, but they are for the
purpose of collecting current to energize the field magnet circuit. The line con-
ductors, H³, H, are connected to the two travelling brushes only, and since said
brushes alternately approach and recede from the positive and negative points on the
line of commutation it must follow that the currents sent to line will not only rise
and fall, but will also be of alternating polarity. The changes during one revolution
of the brushes being indicated in the diagram, Figure 10.
I have herein before referred to the necessity of providing a retracting spring with
a single coil machine but that is only the case where an iron plunger is used and
where, as in the present instance, currents of alternating polarity are caused to
traverse the motor coils, by employing a permanently magnetized piston it will be

page_text: moved both back and forth in a single coil under the influence of currents of
alternating polarity. An iron piston can also be used, in which event it will be moved
in one direction by the coil and can return and do work by gravity.
Figures 11 and 12, show a method of supplying a number of separate circuits with
pulsating currents of similar or of differing rate of succession from one machine.
An armature, A', has a commutator, B', the sections of which are long or large enough
to accommodate several sets of brushes. Main positive and negative brushes, A2, A3,
are sustained in adjustable positions at or near the line of commutation and from these
brushes extend the main working conductors, a¹, a³, between which are connected a
number of translating devices, A', A5, A6, A7, which may be the motor coils of
reciprocating engines. A return conductor, a³, a, a, extends from each of the said
motor coils or groups of coils, each being connected to a separate moving brush.
The moving brushes, B2, B3, B4, are carried by arms, 62, 63, 64, connected to
sleeves, b, 6, 67. The sleeves, 5, 66, 67, are insulated from each other and mounted
upon the armature shaft, C', so as to be rotatable freely and independently thereon.
Each of the said sleeves is provided with a driving wheel by which motion may he
imparted to the sleeves, arms and contact brushes carried thereby. In a suitable
holder or frame, A8, is mounted a counter shaft, A", to which motion is imparted by
a pinion, a6, secured upon the armature shaft, C¹, and engaging the counter wheel, a,
upon the counter shaft, A. Driving wheels, as, a³, a¹0, are also provided upon the
counter shaft, each one meshing with or engaging the wheel carried by one of the
brush carrying sleeves. Suitable contact surfaces are also provided upon the rotating
brush carrying sleeves and engaged by contacts, f², f³, ft, connected respectively
to the return conductors, a³, a³, a³.
are
As shown the driving and driven wheels connected with the brush carrying sleeve
are of different diameters so that each of the three moving brushes, B2, B3, B4, will
move at a different rate of speed, and it will be obvious that by changing the sizes of
said wheel the moving brushes may be caused to rotate about the commutator at any
desired speed relative to each other. The arrangement seen in Figure 12, differs
somewhat from that seen in Figure 11, in that a number of moving brushes are pro-
vided, but all move together, thus affording a convenient method of supplying separate
circuits. The moving brushes, 3, 4, 5, are carried in holders connected by
arms, ³, k, k³, with an extension 46, from a sleeve, k, which is rotatably mounted
upon the armature shaft, C', and is provided with a driving gear, 8, and also with
insulated contact surfaces, j", j, j8, upon which contact brushes as, f³, f, f²,
operatively sustained, thereby completing the connection between the return con-
ductors connected to said brushes and the moving brushes, j³, j. j. A suitable
driving gear,, is mounted upon the counter shaft and engages the wheel, k8, the
sleeve, , and brush holders will be moved around the commutator with a rate of
speed determined by the gearing and all in symmetrical relation, as indicated in
Figure 12, while the unsymmetrical relationship of the independently moved brushes
is illustrated in Figures 11° and 11. Suitable working circuits and translating
devices may be connected to the apparatus seen in Figure 12, same as in Figure 11.
As previously stated, my new form of electric current can be employed to operate
rotary as well as reciprocating motors, when specially designed therefor. and the
improved motor hereinafter described is neither a continuous current machine per se,
nor is it an alternate current machine, but a combination of both in that the supply
current is always at the same polarity in the field magnets and continually changing
or reversing in the armature circuit, or vice versa. This apparently paradoxical
arrangement results in continually shifting one set of poles with respect to the other,
whereby I am enabled to secure continuous rotary motion without the use of the very
objectionable sectional commutator. The peculiar nature of the supply current would
ordinarily result in an oscillatory motion at starting. By a simple mechanical or
electrical expedient this tendency is overcome and the armature may be readily
started in either direction, the movement being continuous so long as current is
supplied.
Figures 13 and 14, are diagrammatic views showing the principle upon which my

page_text: rotary motor operates, the reference letters corresponding with those used to indicate
similar parts of the system in other figures. S, S¹, are the field magnet coils which
form a closed circuit the extremities of which are connected to the main stationary
commutator brushes, F, F¹, upon the supply commutator, E. T, represents the
armature circuit which is connected in derivation between the field maguet coils and
is connected by conductor, h², with the moving brush, H. Let field magnet coil, S,
correspond to the motor coil, K', in Figure 4, for example, and field magnet coil, S¹,
with the motor coil, L', then let the armature coils, T, be in series with the third
conductor 2, it follows that as the brush, H, is rotated about the commutator the
current will rise and fall in the coils, S, S¹, flowing always in the same direction, as
indicated by the arrows, but flowing first in one direction and then in the other in
the armature coils, T, according to the position of the moving brush with respect to
the stationary brushes. Although the current rises and falls in the field magnet
coils, S, S', it always flows in the same direction and consequently by increasing the
mass of the field magnet cores sufficient sluggishness can be secured to insure a
practically constant field of force. The field magnet poles being of constant polarity
and the armature poles alternating the armature when at rest would be magnetized in
one direction by one phase of the supply current and then attracted towards the
fixed field magnet poles and be energized in an opposite sense by the succeeding phase
and be repelled thereby, and instead of moving forward with a continuous motion it
would oscillate between the poles of the field magnet. I find, however, that by simply
preventing the effect of the second phase at starting the similar attraction of the poles
produced by the succeeding phases will start the armature in the desired direction and
impart sufficient momentum thereto to secure continuous rotation, for just as soon as
rotation is established, one set of armature poles will be attracted towards the field
magnet poles and the opposite poles set up in the armature by the succeeding phase
will, if they have passed the field magnet poles, be first repelled thereby and then
attracted by the poles in advance, which are then of opposite sign, and so on, being
first attracted and then repelled indefinitely.
Figure 15, shows a form of motor constructed according to the invention. S2, S3, are
pole pieces between which extend field magnet cores, $*, S5, upon which are wound
the field magnet coils, S, St. The field magnet coils are united by a conductor, S6,
and their other extremities are connected to the supply conductors, h, h¹. The
armature coils, T, are wound upon a suitable iron core, t, and said conductor, T, is
connected by terminals, t1, t2, to separate insulated contact rings,, . One of the
rings as, t, is connected by conductor, 15, with the conductor, S6, and the other ring
is connected with the return conductor, 3, so that currents flowing through the field
magnet coils will flow through the armature coils by way of the conductor, t, rings, t³,
conductor, 3, armature coils, T, in multiple arc, issuing by terminal, t, thence to
ring, 3, and out (or in) by conductor, h². Any convenient form of clutch may be
employed to prevent backward rotation of the armature at starting, the form shown
comprising a pivoted lever, U, provided at its lower extremity with a pivoted double-
ended pawl, u, normally spring-held at right angles to the lever, U. The motor
armature is provided with a ratchet, U, sécured upon its axis and arranged to be
engaged by one or other extremity of the pawl, u, according to the direction of
rotation which is desired. The lever, U, is suitably mounted and may be thrown to
one side or the other to engage the ratchet, U', from either direction and can also be
placed in mid-throw when both ends of the pawl will be out of engagement.
Figure 16, shows a circuit of conductors arranged and supplied as herein before
described.
My improved motor is. synchronous in operation, but can be readily arranged to
have a higher or lower speed by increasing the number of poles in the field magnet
or armature. In said Figure 16, the motor, V, has a two-pole armature and a two-
pole field magnet similar to the motor seen in Figure 15, although the armature is of
à different shape. The motor, V₁, has a four-pole field and a circular armature, same
as in Figure 15, the conductor upon which may be wound and connected to produce
four poles in said armature, or only two, as may be desired. The motor, V, shows

page_text: a two-pole field and a four-pole armature; in this instance the speed of the armature
will be exactly half that of the number of pulsations of the supply current. V³, indi-
cates a motor having an eight-pole field and a circular armature, the conductors
upon which can be arranged and connected to have a great or less number of
poles and a higher or lower relative speed, as desired.
Figure 17, shows a form of automatic electric switch for use in starting the motor
and which may be substituted for the mechanical device. W, WI, are the field
magnets which are provided with coils, w,w, in circuit with the main conductors, h‚h³,
extending from the stationary brushes, F, F, of the armature, E, and, S, is the
bridge conductor connecting the field magnet coils completing the main circuit.
O represents a two-pole armature wound with magnetizing conductors, P, the
terminals, t, t, of which are connected to annular contact surfaces, t³, t. Con-
tacts, 3, engage the contact surfaces, 13, t, and one of said brushes, 2, is
connected by a switch, w, with conductor, h², extending to the rotating brush, H.
The other brush, w³, is connected to a movable switch, N, adapted to engage a
contact, n, which is connected by conductor, n5, with the bridge conductor, S.
When the switch, N, is upon its contact, n', the circuits of the motor will be
precisely the same as those previously described. A cam, N5, is arranged to be
actuated by the armature shaft to bring the switch, N4, onto its contact, nt. It is
obvious that if the alternate phase of current be prevented from flowing through the
armature circuit, at any rate at starting, and the armature be placed as in Figure 18,
that it will soon acquire sufficient momentum to pass beyond the field magnet poles so
that the reversals of polarity will act to keep up its motion. If, therefore, the
switch, N, be open at starting no current will flow through the armature coils until
said switch be closed, consequently when the field magnet poles are energized the
armature will be attracted, as a magnetic body, and after the second phase the switch
will be closed and the motor will operate as previously described. Should the
omission of one phase of the supply current be insufficient to start the motor properly,
the armature circuit can be opened by means of a manual switch, N5, but the auto-
matic switch just described, will ordinarily answer the purpose fully.
Figures 18 and 19, show an arrangement similar to what is seen in Figure 17,
except that a manual switch, No, is substituted for the automatic electric switch
previously shown. Figure 18, also shows the proper position for the armature at
starting.
Various modifications and changes may be made in the means and mechanism for
carrying out and utilizing the various features of my said invention and without in
any manner departing therefrom.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed; I declare that what I
claim is
First. The method of producing and utilizing pulsatory currents in closed circuits,
as and for the purpose set forth.
Second. The method of producing pulsatory currents from a source of continuous
current and of applying the same to the production of reciprocatory or rotary motion
in closed circuits, as and for the purpose set forth.
Third. The use of pulsatory currents in closed circuits in combination with
magnetic bodies arranged and adapted to be actuated by the magnetism produced in
suitable coils by said currents, as and for the purpose set forth.
Fourth. The combination with a source of continuous currents a rotating sectional
commutator and main stationary brushes therefor, of motor coils having their outer
terminals connected with said stationary brushes, and their inner terminals connected
by separate conductors with one or more additional commutator brushes arranged to
be moved about the commutator towards and away from the stationary brushes,
whereby the currents supplied to the motor coils are caused to rise and fall in
accordance with the movements of the movable brush or brushes as and for the
purpose set forth,

page_text: Fifth. The method of producing pulsatory currents whether from a generator or
from a source of continuous current and of distributing the same and causing the
same to rise and fall in closed working circuits, as and for the purpose set forth.
For the Applicant,
W. E. GEDGE,
Agent.