IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW BLINDS, SCREENS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Wallace Cadman, of Holloway, in the County
of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW BLINDS,
SCREENS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES."
Sealed the 12th January 1872, and dated the 17th July 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Wallace Cadman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 17th July 1871.
:
I, WALLACE CADMAN, of Holloway, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WINDOW BLINDS, SCREENS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
-
My improvements are applicable to window blinds, screens, and other
articles for such or similar purposes made of paper, calico, or other
textile fabrics, or of paper having a thin open back made of. calico or
other suitable textile fabric.
My improvements consist in making certain parts of the said paper
or other blinds transparent by printing, and to heighten the effect of the
transparent patterns, ornaments, or devices printed thereon by applying

page_text: opaque or body colours in certain places by printing where required, all
as herein-after described. I print with oil colours, body colours,
transparent colours, or inks, or other colouring matters.
<<
I prefer to carry out my Invention in the following manner :-I first
print the "blotch " or ground" of the blind or screen by means of
"surface roller" or rollers arranged in a manner similar to that now
used in the manufacture of paperhangings. The coloured part or pattern
which is to be made transparent is then printed on by hand by means
of block or blocks, which may be of wood and should be covered with
"unprepared" felt. This part may, however, also be done by printing
with surface rollers covered with " unprepared" felt, or it may be done
by stencilling or by the chromotype or other suitable printing process.
But it must be understood that my experiments have proved to me
that the colours to be used must be of a transparent nature, and that
lakes, siennas, blues, and verdegris are suitable colours for this purpose.
I then heighten the effect of the pattern or device to be made trans-
parent by printing on certain parts of the same with opaque or body
colours. The transparency is then produced by the application of
varnish or oil or other suitable liquid by means of blocks or rollers with
unprepared" felt. Or the transparency may be produced before the
printing on of the colours herein said to be of a transparent nature by
the application of varnish or oil or other suitable liquid as just described.
"
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Wallace Cadman in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 17th January 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WALLACE
CADMAN, of Holloway, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Wallace Cadman, Her special licence that I,
the said Wallace Cadman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Wallace Cadman, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to

page_text: time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW BLINDS, SCREENS,
AND SIMILAR ARTICLES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Wallace Cadman, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Wallace Cadman, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the.
following statement, that is to say:-
:-
My improvements are applicable to window blinds, screens, and other
articles for such or similar purposes made of paper, calico, or other
textile fabrics, or of paper having a thin open back made of calico or
other suitable textile fabric..
My improvements consist in making certain parts or the whole of
the said paper or other blinds transparent by printing, and, if required,
to heighten the effect of the transparent patterns, ornaments, or devices
printed thereon by applying opaque or body colours in certain places
by printing where required, all as herein-after described. I print with
oil colours, body colours, transparent colours, or inks, or other colouring
matters, such, for instance, as are used for ordinary calico printing.
With reference to paper I prefer to carry out my Invention in the
following manner:-I first print the "blotch"
or ground of the blind
or screen by means of surface roller or rollers arranged in a manner
similar to that now used in the manufacture of paperhangings. The
coloured part or pattern which is to be made transparent is then printed
on by hand by means of block or blocks, which may be of wood and
should be covered with unprepared felt, but wood or other blocks may
be used. This part may, however, also be done by printing with surface
rollers covered with unprepared felt, or it may be done by stencilling
or by the chromotype or other suitable printing process.
But my experiments have proved to me that the colours to be used
must be of a transparent nature, and that lakes, sicunas, blues, and

page_text: verdegris are suitable colours for this purpose. The colours being
selected are first mixed with boiled oil and a suitable proportion of
dryers all in proportion to the shades of colours to be produced and the
state of the atmosphere.
With reference to calico or other textile or partly textile fabrics, I
prefer to omit the first or blotch printing part. The blind or other
article being printed, I then, if required, heighten the effect of the
pattern or device to be made transparent by printing on certain parts of
the same with opaque or body colours. The transparency is then pro-
duced by the application of varnish, or oil, or other suitable liquid by
means of blocks or rollers with unprepared felt. Or the transparency
may be produced before the printing on of the colours herein said to
be of a transparent nature by the application of varnish, or oil, or other
suitable liquid as just described. Or the material operated upon may
after being printed on in transparent colours be run through a pre-
paration of varnish which gives a transparent appearance to the whole
of the blind, screen, or other article. When colours are used which are.
mixed with a certain portion of varnish or gold size it is not necessary
to treat the material operated upon with varnish as described, as the.
varnish or gold size contained in the colour makes them sufficiently
transparent.
And having now described the nature of this my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I do
not simply claim the manufacture of transparent paper or calico blinds,
but I do claim the manufacture of transparent paper or calico blinds
in and by printing or stencilling in oils and varnishes, substantially.
as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Wallace Cadman, have hereunto
set my hand and scal, this Eleventh day of January, in the year.
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two..
WALLACE CADMAN. .(L.s.)