Improvements in Explosion Motors with Variable Admission and Expansion.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Aug., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 5th May, 1900-Accepted, 21st July, 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Explosion Motors with Variable Admission
and Expansion.
I, MARIUS FÉLIX MARMONIER, of 57, Rue du Chateau Lyons, France, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to an explosion motor with several cylinders for variable
admission and expansion having the following features:-
1. A second piston is arranged in each cylinder and is conveniently fastened
on a slide by means of a movable joint on this slide which can transmit then to
this joint during the first and second phrases of the motor an alternate move-
ment of more or less amplitude thus communicating to the second piston an alter-
nate movement of equally more or less amplitude in the same or opposite direction
to that of the first piston in order to augment or diminish the quantity of car-
bureted air sucked in and its degree of expansion after explosion or inversely,
in giving previously to the mixture a sensibly constant degree of compression,
the joint receiving its to and fro movement during the first and second stroke
of the motor by the intermedium of a lever carrying a roller or sliding block
lodged in the groove of a part keyed on a shaft turning with half the speed of
the shaft of the motor, this groove is so arranged that it is concentric to the
shaft whereon the part is mounted wherein it is hollowed out in half circum-
ference and the slide block or roller is lodged in this part of the groove in half
circumference during the two last phrases of the motor, the other part of the
groove corresponding to two other phases of the motor and carrying an inflection
point towards the axle of half speed rotation or in a direction opposite to this
axle. The slide can also receive a to and fro movement during the two first
phases of the motor by means of a lever articulated on the crank-pin of a disk
mounted loosely on the motor-shaft, this disk has a recessed throat and two
inclined notches so that two buffers which can slide in its throat and engage in
the notches, can, under the action of suitably tensioned springs, press the disk
in order to make it partake, one turn in two, in the rotating movement of the
motor.
2. The governor of the motor is arranged so that when the sleeve which it
carries is. raised or lowered by it, it turns in one direction or the other, a cone
integral with a conical pinion gearing with another pinion mounted on the rod
by means of which a screw is turned which displaces the screw or nut wherewith
the slide-block of the slide is connected and consequently allows the admission
of carbureted air and the expansion of the exploded gas to be automatically
regulated.
3. A socket is arranged on the aspiration valve spindle in order to compress
the spring of this valve when, during the third phase of the motor, the pro-
jection of the tappet which governs the outlet valve bears on a lever whose dis-
placement affects that of the socket so that the carbureted air does not enter the
cylinder at the end of the third phase of the motor.

page_text: 4. A endless screw arranged on the slide rod gears with a toothed sector
whose angular displacement produces, by means of a lever, the angular displace-
ment of the ignition cam so that the advance to the ignition is automatically
brought in proportion to the quantity of aspirated air which is modified by the
rotation in one direction or the other of the slide rod.
5. The petroleum injection pump, when petroleum is introduced in liquid state
into the cylinder, has two pistons, one of which has a constant course and the
other a course whose amplitude is in proportion to that of the second piston of the
motor cylinders with which piston it is joined so that the quantity of injected
liquid hydro-carbon is always in proportion to the quantity of aspirated air.
Dated this 9th day of August 1899.
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
Agents to Applicant.
improvements in Explosion Motors with Variable Admission
and Expansion.
I, MARIUS FÉLIX MARMONIER, Engineer, 57, Rue du Chateau, Lyons, in the
Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:―
My invention relates to an explosion motor with variable admission and expan-
sion in order to change its power.
This motor has the following features:-
However small may be the amount of explosion mixture admitted, the quan-
tity of carbureted air sucked in, is always proportional to that of the burnt gases
remaining in the cylinder after the fourth phase of the motor, and also that, if
the air carburetion is produced by means of a liquid injected into the cylinder, the
quantity of injected liquid is always proportional to that of the indrawn air;
further, the motor is combined so that the electric iginition cam, for the delay or
advance of the ignition, is operated at the same time as the mechanism of expan-
sion variation in order that the advance of the ignition is so much larger as the
quantity of explosion mixture is larger.
In the annexed drawing:
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of a motor with one cylinder of my invention.
Fig. 2 is an elevation of the same motor.
Fig. 3 is a section on the line A-B of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a section on the line C D of Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a partial section of the governor, so that the variation of the power
of the motor can be automatically obtained, the number of revolutions being the
same.
Fig. 6 is an elevation and partial section of the valve operating gear.
Fig. 7 is a separate view of the apparatus which changes the advance of the
ignition at the same time as the admission of the explosion gas is augmented or
diminished.
Fig. 8 is a view, in longitudinal section of the injection pump with a variable
supply.
Fig. 9 is a section on line E-F of Fig. 8.
Figs 10 to 14 are views of means for governing the slide with the help of
the connecting rod from the motor shaft without using a shaft running at half
speed.

page_text: DESCRIPTION.
a is the motor shaft; b is the shaft which receives the movement of the shaft a
and turns at a quarter the speed thereof; on this shaft is keyed a part integral
or not with the toothed wheel c' of the transmission gear and having a recessed
groove in which is lodged a sliding block or roller integral with or mounted
on a roller e fixed at its other extremity on an axle h integral with slide f
This slide, which consequently oscillates round the axle h can be constructed
on the principles employed in the construction of locomotive and steam engine
slides It can be curved to correspond with a circle the radius of which is equal
to the length of the rod
On the slide f a sliding block y can be displaced carrying, by means of a
gudgeon c, a draw rod whose other extremity is disengaged.
On this extremity is a sleeve k provided with gudgeons m abutting by means
of a packing i of indiarubber or any other kind of elastic material against the
seat n under pressure of a spring o, whose tension is regulated by nuts p.
The said gudgeons m of the sleeve kare articulated in one of the extremities of
a forked lever r, the other extremity of which is integral with, or is keyed on,
an axles which passes into a casing t, to be fixed to a lever u governing, by
means of a connecting rod the auxiliary piston which slides with the prin-
cipal piston y in a cylinder z. This principal piston is joined by a connecting
rod to the crank shaft a which is enclosed as usual in a casing c.
The draw rod is joined besides by the connecting rod to one of the extremi-
ties of an elbow lever e¹ which is pivoted at f1 and whose other free extremity
is joined by a connecting rod g to a screw nut in which is engaged the screw
spindle which can be turned by a hand-wheel ¹ or automatically by means of
a governor (Fig. 5).
In this latter case the conical pinion 2 attached to the squared spindle 2 of
the screw spindle gears with another pinion which carries keyed on its
axle a friction wheel which can be set in motion in one direction or the other,
according to its contact with the cone for the cone g² integral with the movable
sleeve of the governor which receives rotary movement in the usual manner.
The rod carries at a suitable part of its length a worm h³ gearing with the
teeth of a sector which can oscillate around a stationary axle and carries
a lever integral with it. The lever is joined to the ignition cam by a con-
necting rod m².
The admission of the new gases and the escape of the burnt gases are effected
as usual by means of an automatic admission valve and of an outlet valve respec-
tively which can be governed by any of the valve operating gears employed in
ordinary motors; or the arrangement represented in the Fig. 6 can be employed.
In this case, an elbow lever n² is pivoted on an axle fixed to the frame of
the motor. Said elbow lever carries at one of its extremities a roller in con-
stant contact with the cam 22 and to its other extremity is joined by means of
the connecting rod an elbow lever s pivoted on an axle 3 fixed to the motor
frame.
The shaft carrying the cam 22 and the igniting cam (Fig. 7) revolves with
half the speed of the shaft a.
One of the extremities of the lever 2 is in constant contact with the extremity
of the spindle of the outlet valve u³ (Fig. 6).
The shaft a revolves at half the speed of the main shaft a of the motor, so that
at each second revolution towards the end of the compression the vibrator b* comes
into contact with the contact in falling into the groove provided in the cam.
The circuit in which the igniting device is contained is closed, and the electric
current in producing one or more sparks ignites the charge compressed in the
cylinder of the motor.
Referring again to Fig. 6 a lever is pivoted on an axle a fixed to the motor
frame; at one of its extremities the lever y carries a roller constantly in contact
with the cam 7 touching same at an angle of 90° from the point touched by the

page_text: roller carried by the lever ².
At its other extremity, the lever 2 is pierced
with a slot through which passes an axle y carried by a lever 2 keyed on the
axle externally of the box of the suction valve.
Inside said box is keyed also on the axle a forked lever slotted at its oscil-
lant extremity through, these slots pass the gudgeons of a sleeve ³ which can
slide on the rod of the suction valve. The spring of this valve bears con-
stantly on the sleeve to press it against the shoulder on the rod.
The beforementioned groove is two parts concentric and two parts eccentric
to the axle. b.
In the case of the application of the motor to a motor car, the motor is only
fixed on the frame of this latter by means of an axle around which it can
oscillate (Figs. 1 and 2).
To this effect the motor is suspended by means of the connecting rod m¹ to the
elbow lever n whose free arm ¹ can be displaced on a sector 2 which is pro-
vided with three recesses, in any one of which the movable bolt on said arm o
can engage
Opposite the toothed wheels s¹ and c and in the same plane as these latter, is
a third toothed wheel which controls the driving wheels of the carriage by
means of appropriate gear.
When the bolt on the lever o' is placed in the notch y in the sector p¹ the
pinion is brought into gear with the wheel and drives it in the direction
indicated by the arrow supposing that the shaft of the motor turns in the
direction of the arrow zl.
If the lever ois oscillated and its bolt r engages the notch u¹ in the sector p³,
the toothed wheel by gearing with the toothed wheel will turn it in the
direction indicated by the arrow y. The carriage will consequently run in the
reverse direction. By placing the belt in the middle notch, neither of the
two other wheels or s will be in gear with the toothed wheel and the motor
will be thrown out of gear.
OPERATION OF THE MACHINE.
The motor being in motion the sliding roller & remains stationary whilst it
lies in the lower part of the groove which is concentric to the axle b; it then
rocks away from said axle b and again approaches it as it passes along the part
of the groove which is not concentric to the axle b.
If the part which contains the groove g is so keyed on the axle b that the
sliding block d is placed during the two first phases of the motor in the part of
the groove which is not concentric to the axle b the consequence will be that
during the phases of aspiration and compression, the slide will always have an
alternate movement of the same amplitude communicated by means of the draw
rod to the lever on the axle s and by the lever and the connecting rod v
to the auxiliary piston giving the latter an alternate rectilinear movement of
amplitude more or less large, according to the position of the sliding block g
on the slide f which being integral with the lever e oscillates round the axle h.
It must be noted that as the axle b revolves with a quarter of the speed of the
shaft the slide f will make one complete oscillation to each two revolutions of
the motor, the groove being two parts concentric and two parts excentric with
the axle . If the latter were to revolve with half the speed of the shaft it
would be necessary in order to obtain the same result that the groove should
be only one part concentric and one part excentric with the shaft b.
If the rotation of the wheel is effected in the direction indicated by the
arrow and the axle e of the connecting rod on the sliding block
above the axle hit will be seen that during the aspiration (first phase) the
placed
piston is displaced for a certain amount in the same direction as the piston y
thus diminishing by so much the quantity of carbureted air drawn in.
During the compression (second phase) the piston comes back to its initial
position which it keeps during the two last phases of the motor (explosion and

page_text: evacuation of the burnt gases) because the sliding block d is then in the part
of the groove g which is concentric to the axle b.
The higher the sliding block g is placed on the slide f by reason of its
obliquity, the nearer the gudgeons m of the sleeve are approached to the axle h
during the four phases, thus the compression space is as much reduced in volume
as the aspiration is smaller.
If the sliding roller by means of the screw is brought below the axle h
during the aspiration the piston is displaced for a certain distance in the
reverse direction to the piston y and augments, by so much the quantity of
carbureted air drawn in; at the second phase, compression, the piston comes
back again to its initial position which it keeps during the two other phases.
The lower the sliding roller g is placed on the slide f by reason of its obliquity
the further the gudgeons m are kept from the axle h during the four phases and
the compression space is as much augmented in volume as the aspiration is larger.
The spring o of which the tension is regulated so that it could not give during
the compression, will give to some extent during the explosion for deadening
its violent shock.
When the admission of carburreted air has been very small there may be at
the end of the explosion exploded gases whose pressure is less than that of the
atmosphere and then if it had not been foreseen a certain quantity of explosive
mixture would be sucked in at the end of the third phase and would be then
evacuated at the fourth phase which would be purely a loss; but during all the
third phase, the cam 2 oscillating the lever around its axle 2 a raising again
of the sleeved follows, and consequently a supplementary sufficient and momen-
tary tension of the spring by which operation the aspiration valve will not
be displaced from its seat except during the first phase of the motor.
When in consequence of the rotation of the rod by the help of the hand
wheel or of the governor the sliding block g is displaced on the slide, the
sector (Fig. 7) is also displaced through an equivalent angle and by means
of the connecting rod m² it displaces the ignition cam and regulates the advance
of the ignition appropriate to the quantity of carbureted air to be exploded.
As it is of advantage that the charge should be ignited before the piston has
reached the end of the compressing stroke, consequently it is necessary that
the larger the charge is the more the ignition should be in advance.
It has been supposed hitherto that the aspiration valve gave passage when it
rose to the carbureted air, as is usually the case in explosion motors, but this
improved motor can work also if air alone is drawn in and a liquid hydrocarbon
is simultaneously injected.
In Figs. 8 and 9. f is the slide of the motor, h the pivotal axle of this slide,
is the axle to which is articulated a connecting rod 3 articulated itself to a
lever oscillating around a fixed pivot and to which is joined a connecting
rod articulated to the rod m³ forming a piston of the pump which serves to
inject liquid hydro-carbon into the cylinder of the motor. The travel of the
piston m³ is constant, m are the gudgeons of the sleeve and on them is arti-
culated a connecting rod ³ to which is joined a lever 3 oscillating at its other
extremity around the axle p³ and to which is articulated the connecting rod 73
also articulated on the outer end of the rod 3 forming a second piston in the
pump n³.
The piston has a variable travel which is proportional to the displacement
of the gudgeons m so that the aspiration of the pump is always proportionate
to that of the necessary air for combustion.
Finally the arrangement by which I get a variable admission and expansion
in the petroleum motor can be also employed without using a shaft turning at a
quarter the speed of the main shaft, that is to say, by joining, by means of a
connecting rod, the slide f to a part B6 mounted on the motor shaft a (Figs. 10
to 14).
The plate A is keyed on the motor shaft and carries two movable pawls aº, 6º,

page_text: with inclined planes and the rods of which are parallel to the axle of the motor.
The pawl is provided with a light spring, the pawl is provided with a heavy
spring.
The plate B is loose on the shaft a and carries inside a circular groove C C³
in which slide the two pawls and having two inclined planes d. The
plate 16 carries outside the crank pin M6 or an excentric disc joined by the
rod to the slide f in such a manner as to make the slide oscillate suitably
round its axle h (Fig. 11).
Fig. 12 shows a development of a section of the two plates on a medial cir-
cular plane.
The operation with this mechanism is as follows:
1st phase. Aspiration. At the beginning of the first phase the two pawls
occupy in the inclined planes the positions represented in Fig. 12. The
spring of the pawl 6 effecting on the inclined plane a sufficient pressure the
plate A carries along the plate B. The connecting rod passes from 2 to 1. The
slid oscillates from the right to the left (Fig. 11).
2nd phase. Compression. The connecting rod comes back from 1 to 2 and
the slide oscillates from the left to the right. Since the sliding block could
easily occupy a position in the same axis as the pivot h, no motion of the slide
is produced. If the sliding block were to occupy on the slide a position below
the pivot h, the connecting rods K and 7 and the slide of would transmit to
the plate Be a part of the compression work proportional to the course of the
counter piston. During this second phase the plate 13 bearing the positive work
bears against the part 7-8 of the pawl A6 and transmits to the plate A the load
received (Fig. 12).
3rd phase. As the connecting rod passes the dead point 2, the explosion is
produced. The connecting rod K exercises a great traction on the crank pin and
holds the plate B owing to the pressure of the exploded gases on the auxiliary
piston. The springs of the pawl 66 gives as well as that of the pawl a and the
plate A continues alone its forward movement.
4th phase. The pawls slide in the circular grooves, the springs are regulated
so that said pawls do not touch the bottom of this groove. At the ends of the
fourth phase, the pawl meets the inclined plane but its spring it not suffi-
ciently strong to allow it to carry along the plate 16 gives, and the plate A6
continues alone its rotation. The pawl 66 meets in its turn the inclined plane d
the spring gives until the pawl passes the top of the inclined plane and falls
between the inclined planes and 6. The spring of the pawl 66 still exercises
a sufficient pressure to carry along the plate 13. The connecting rods and the
slide being placed in equilibrium by the spring R, the inertia which the pawl 66
has to overcome in order to carry along the plate B is after all very small.
The highest position of the sliding block g on the slide f corresponds to the
greatest charge. The pivot m (see Fig. 11) is in its extreme position to the right
in such a manner that the compression chamber is increased in proportion to the
increase of the charge.
On the contrary the lowest position of the sliding block g on the slide f corre-
sponds to the smallest admission of fresh gases which are compressed in a reduced
compression chamber because the pivot m has passed to its extreme left position
in consequence of the obliquity of the slide.
The action of the pawls a6 and 66 is progressive: the inclined planes and d
being properly disposed and the springs properly regulated a perfect gradual
friction and a regular impulse may be obtained even at great speeds for the
intermittent rotation of the plate B.
It follows that the radius of the oscillation of the slide f remains constant, so
that the rod the position of which on the slide f is regulated by the devices
described above communicates through the intermedium of suitable levers and
connecting rod to the auxiliary piston movements which are the greater the
lower down on the slide f the sliding block 7 is placed (Fig. 11).

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
1. An explosion motor for variable admission and expansion in which a second
piston is arranged in each cylinder and is conveniently connected to a slide by a
movable articulation which slide is adapted to transmit to this articulation
during the first and second phases of the motor an alternate movement of more
or less amplitude thus communicating to the second piston an alternate move-
ment of more or less amplitude in the same or opposite direction to that of the
first piston in order to augment or diminish the quantity of carbureted air drawn
in and inversely its degree of expansion after explosion, giving previously to
the mixture a sensibly constant degree of compression, the articulation receiv
ing its to and fro movement during the first and second stroke by the inter-
medium of a lever carrying a. roller or sliding block engaging in the groove of
a part keyed on a shaft turning for example with a quarter of the speed of the
shaft of the motor, this groove being so made that it is concentric to the shaft
whereon the part is mounted through two quarters of its circumference, the slide
block or roller being lodged in these concentric parts of the groove during the
two last phases of the motor, the other parts of the groove corresponding to the
two other phases of the motor.
2. A modification of motor as in Claim 1 in which the command of the slide
during the two first phases of the motor is done by means of a lever articulated
on the crank pin of a disk mounted loosely on the motor shaft, this disk having
a recessed throat and two inclined notches so that two sectors adapted to slide
in its throat and engage in the notches, can, under the action of suitably ten-
sioned springs, press the disk in order to make it partake one turn in two in
the rotating movement of the motor.
3. In an explosion motor as in the preceding claims a governor adapted when
the sleeve which it carries is raised or lowered by it, to turn in one direction
or the other, a cone integral with a conical pinion gearing with another pinion
mounted on the rod by means of which a screw is turned which displaces the
screw or nut wherewith the slide block of the slide is connected and consequently
allows the admission of carbureted air and the expansion of the exploded gases
to be automatically regulated.
4. In an explosion motor as in the preceding claims the disposition of a sleeve
on the aspiration valve spindle in order to compress the spring of this valve
when, during the third phase of the motor, the projection of the tappet which
governs the outlet valve bears on a lever whose displacement affects that of the
sleeve so that the carbureted air may not enter the cylinder at the end of the
third phase of the motor.
5. In an explosion motor as in the preceding claims the disposition on the
slide governing screw rod of an endless screw gearing with a toothed sector
whose angular displacement produces by means of a lever, the angular displace-
ment of the ignition cam so that the advance of the iginition is automatically
proportional to the quantity of aspirated air which is modified by the rotation
in one direction or the other of the said rod.
6. In an explosion motor as in the preceding claims the disposition of an
injection pump with two pistons one of which has constant travel and the other
a travel whose amplitude is in proportion to that of the second piston of the
motor cylinders with which piston it is connected so that the quantity of injected
liquid hydrocarbon is always in proportion to the quantity of aspirated air.
Dated this 9th day of May 1900.
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
Agents to Applicant, 18, Buckingham Street, Strand, W.C.