IMPROVEMENTS IN T COND ROD WRAWING CARPETS AND OTHER PILE FABRICS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Collier and John Collier, both of Halifax, in
the County of York, Machinists, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
T COND ROD WRAWING CARPETS AND OTHER PILE FABRICS"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Collier and John
Collier at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd April 1862.
We, GEORGE COLLIER and JOHN COLLIER, both of Halifax, in the County
of York, Machinists, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING CARPETS AND OTHER PILE FABRICS," to be
as follows:-
The Invention consists in a new arrangement and combination of mechanism
for inserting and withdrawing the pile wires in weaving carpets and other
pile fabrics, whereby greater simplicity and accuracy of the working parts is
obtained, so that the loom is enabled to run at a quicker speed. The wires.
are withdrawn from the fabric by means of a hook mounted on or fixed to a
carriage capable of sliding to and fro on a guide rail, and they are inserted
into the shed by an instrument which may be called a spring clip, and which
is also guided in its to-and-fro movement by an inclined rail or slot, which we

page_text: prefer to be fixed at one end and capable of slight movement at that end
nearest the fabric. The withdrawing and inserting instruments are connected
together in such manner that they move simultaneously to and from the fabric,
and the wires are transferred from the hook to the spring clip by means of the
inclined guide rail or slot, before named, which forces the spring clip on to the
wire head whilst the latter is still held by the hook, and just before the wire
has been completely withdrawn, the hook being freed from the wire head
immediately the return motion is given for inserting the wire. When the
wire is inserted into the shed the lay beats it up to the fell of the cloth, where
a catch holds it in' position to be woven in. The point end of the wire, when
withdrawn from the fabric, is carried opposite the open shed by a lever having
a recess in its upper end capable of receiving and sustaining the wire, the
lever being operated by a suitably shaped cam so as also to support and guide
the wire during insertion.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Collier and John Collier in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 1st October 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
COLLIER and JOHN COLLIER, both of Halifax, in the County of York,
Machinists, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by. Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
George Collier and John Collier, Her special licence that we, the said George
Collier and John Collier, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said George Collier and John Collier, our executors, ad-
ministrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within. the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS POR WEAVING CARPETS AND OTHER
PILE FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said George
Collier and John Collier, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one
of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said

page_text: Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Collier, on behalf of myself and
the said George Collier, do hereby declare the nature of the said-Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
The Invention consists in a new arrangement and combination of mechanism
for inserting and withdrawing the pile wires in weaving carpets and other
pile fabrics, whereby greater simplicity and accuracy of the working parts are
obtained, so that the loom is enabled to run at a quicker speed: The wires
are withdrawn from the fabric by means of a hook mounted on or fixed to a
carriage capable of sliding to and fro on a guide rail, and they are inserted
into the shed by an instrument which may be called a spring clip, and which
is also guided in its to-and-fro movement by an inclined rail or slot, which we
prefer to be fixed at one end and capable of slight movement at that end
nearest the fabric. The withdrawing and inserting instruments are connected
together in such manner that they move simultaneously to and from the fabric,
and the wires are transferred from the hook to the spring clip by means of the
inclined guide rail or slot before named, which forces the spring clip on to the
wire head whilst the latter is still held by the hook, and just before the wire
has been completely withdrawn, the hook being freed from the wire head
immediately the return motion is given for inserting the wire. When the
wire is inserted into the shed the lay beats it up to the fell of the cloth, where
a catch holds it in position to be woven in. The point end of the wire, when
withdrawn from the fabric, is carried opposite the open shed by a lever having
a recess in its upper end capable of receiving and sustaining the wire, the
lever being operated by a suitably shaped cam so as also to support and guide
the wire during insertion.
And in order that our said Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into effect we will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto
annexed. We may, however, before doing so, remark that our present
improvements are based upon a previous Patent granted on the 28th of Sep-
tember 1850 to the within-named George Collier in conjuuction with Joseph
Crossley and James Hudson, in so far more especially as the withdrawal of
the wire by a hook and transferring it to a clip is concerned; but the means
by which these operations are effected according to the present Invention are
different from and much simpler than those described in the Specification of
the said former Patent. A reference to the Specification of that Patent may

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a plan, Figure 2 a front elevation, and Figure 3 a transverse
vertical section of parts of a power loom for weaving carpets or other pile
fabrics, in the weaving of which pile wires are employed. All the parts to
which our Invention applies are clearly represented in these Drawings, and
the parts omitted from the Drawings are of ordinary and well-known
construction.
a is a hook affixed to a slide or carriage b, which is caused to slide to and
fro on a bar or guide rail c, which is supported by the frame as the Drawing
shews, the connections between it and the frame being so made that its position
can be adjusted; d is a spring clip which slides on and is guided in its to-and-
fro movement by an inclined guide rail e; this rail is fixed at its right-hand
end to the framing, but is not so rigid as to prevent its moving slightly at its
other end which is nearest to the fabric; its further end is bent round, and is
capable of sliding a short distance on a bar fixed to the rail c. The slide or
carriage b and the spring clip d are connected together by a link f, so that the
hook a and the spring clip move simultaneously as they are carried to and
from the selvage of the fabric by apparatus herein-after described. g, g, are
the wires in the fabric; they have heads of a looped form, as is seen in Figure 4,
and each time that the hook a moves up to the selvage of the fabric it catches
the head of the last wire or that which is furthest in the fabric. The inclined
head of the hook in its inward motion comes against the head of this wire,
and deflects it slightly, and then when it has passed the wire, immediately
springs out into the notch of the hook, and is thus caught. When the hook
returns the wire is withdrawn, and it is then transferred to the spring clip d.
To understand clearly how this is effected, it is necessary to examine the con-
struction of the spring clip d. A front view of it is shewn at Figure 4, and an
end view at Figure 5. It has two jaws d', d, which move on centres or
axes d*, d*, and are at all times drawn together by means of the slight
spring d², which is attached to two pins d³, &, projecting from the moveable
jaws d, d, and passing through slots or openings in the back plate. d' is a
stop affixed to the back plate of the spring clip; it serves to propel the wire
head in advance of it whilst the wire is being inserted into the open shed.
The jaws d', d', are formed with inclined faces d³, d³, so curved that when the
head of a wire is pressed against the front or face of the jaws the
pressure will
overcome the slight resistance of the spring d², and the jaws d' will open and

page_text: receive the head of the wire against the back plate of the spring clip; they
will then again close and retain the wire head securely. The transfer of the
wire from the book a to the spring clip d is effected in the outward motion of
these instruments, when in consequence of the inclination of the guide rails è
and c, the one to the other, the head of the wire on the hook a comes up to
and is pressed against the face of the jaws, which then open and receive it as
already described. The hook a remains in the wire head after it has been
received by the spring clip and until the end of the outward motion of the
instrument, the bar or guide rail e being at its right-hand or fixed end parallel
for a short distance with the guide rail or bar c. On the return motion of the
instruments the spring clip d, when it arrives at the inclined portion of the
rail e, separates from the hook a, and inserts the wire it now holds into the
shed, whilst the hook a returns with its carriage on its guide rail or bar c, to
withdraw another wire. In order to support and guide the point of the wire,
a lever h is employed; it is forked at its upper end, or has a recess formed
therein suitable for supporting and moving forward the ends or points of the
wires. This instrument at its lower end is jointed to a link h¹, which at its
other end is capable of turning on a stud fixed to an arm; on the frame h² is
an adjustable connecting rod attached to the lever h, and also to. another
lever h³, suspended from a bracket on the frame; the lever he has a bowl upon
it which is kept by a spring up to and against the cam h' on the cam shaft;
thus the cam as it revolves gives to the lever h a vibratory motion. The
lever h has also a vertical motion given to it by means of the inclined guide
course h³, on which a bowl h*, carried by the lever rests, and the lever is thus
supported. At the time that the hook a comes up to withdraw a wire tlie
head of the lever h is at its furthest distance back from the shed to allow the
hook to pass freely and lay hold of the head of the wire, and when the point
of the wire is clear of the fabric the lever h moves forward so as to carry the
point of the wire opposite the open shed, and also to guide the point of the
wire during its insertion into the deepest part of the shed. At the same time
that the point of the wire is moved forward it is lifted in consequence of the
bowl running up the incline of the guide h³, and its point is thus kept clear
of the heads of the other wires already in the fabric. In order to prevent the
point of the wire falling forward and out of the forked end of the lever h, a
piece is employed; it is turned up at the end as is shewn. This piece is
carried by the frame but is not fixed thereto, it slides through a guide, and by
a spring is constantly pressed outwards towards the position in which it is
shewn, but it yields freely when it is struck by the batten. As soon as the
wire has been fully introduced into the shed the batten strikes it and lays it

page_text: parallel with the other wires, the guide rail e with the, instrument d being
forced back by the piece j on the batten to allow of the wire to be so laid.
As the wire is driven up by the batten to the other wires it comes against the
inclined bead of the spring catch k, which it lifts and passes the spring catch,
then descends. again immediately, being drawn down by its spring, and thus
the wire is firmly held when the batten recedes from it. When the spring
clip d begins to move back it opens; and releases the wire, its spring being
sufficiently light to yield to the catch k, which retains the wire. The requisite
to-and-fro motion of the hook a and spring clip is obtained from the main
driving or crank shaft l, which, has a bevilled toothed pinion m keyed thereon,
taking into and driving a bevilled toothed wheel n on the axis o; this axis
also carries a crank 2, which gives motion to a bell-crank lever q, by means of
a link. The upper end of the bell crank q is connected to the slide or
carriage b by a link s, the hook a and spring clip d thus receive a to-and-fro
movement for every revolution of the axis o. t is an oil brush to grease the
wires as they are drawn out of the fabric.
The parts of the loom which we have not fully described may be of ordinary
construction, our Invention relating solely to the introduction and withdrawal
of the wires.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Collier, have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Twenty-sixth day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
JOHN COLLIER.
(L.S.)