IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PUMPS" A communication from abroad by John Alexander McMartin, of
the City of Montienl, in the County of Hochelaga, and Province of Quebec,
Dominion of Canada
Scaled the 3rd July 1877, and dated the 26th January 1877
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th January 1877
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS" A communication from abroad by
John Alexander McMartin, of the City of Montreal, in the County of Hochelaga,
and Province of Quebec, Dominion of Canada
This Invention relates to an improved construction of pump which with slight
modification is applicable either as an ordinary surface pump or for ships, barges,
1ailways, factories, and cisteins, and as a non-freezing well pump.
The improved pump possesses the advantage of giving with only a single cylinder
a continuous and non-intermittent sticam This is effected by a novel construction
and at rangement of the piston chamber and also an improved means of conveying
the motion from the lever handle to the piston rod
In carrying out this Invention a small chamber is arranged on each side of the
piston chamber (which at its lower end communicates with the suction pipe, and at
its upper with the pump chamber through openings, both provided with valves), one
of which side chambers communicates at the bottom with the suction pipe, and at
ats upper end with the piston chamber, whilst the other communicates at its lower
end with the piston chamber, its upper end being open to the pump chamber By
this construction the piston in its upward stroke raises into the pump chamber the
water above it in the piston chamber, the vacuum thus created being filled up by
the water passing up from the suction pipe into the piston chamber and filling it up
as the piston rises As the piston falls the water contained in the chamber beneath
t is forced up through the side chamber which communicates with the piston
chamber into the pump head and out through the spout, the supply from the suction
pipe passing up through the other side chamber and filling up the vacuum formed
ID 71

page_text: above the piston by its descent in the pump, thus giving both on the upward and
downward stroke of the piston a full discharge of the contents of the pump
chainber
The lever handle of the pump is pivotted to a projection from the pump head, its
short end being forked, this forked shorter end widens out and has pivotted to its
ends lifters connected by pivots with the head of the piston rod, thus giving direct
vertical motion. This last described feature inay be applied to a single action
pump
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal l'atent Office on the 24th July
1877.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS." A communication from abroad by John
Alexander McMartin, of the City of Montreal, in the County of Hochelaga, and
Province of Quebec, Dominion of Canada.
The said Invention relates, first, to the construction of the piston chamber, so that
with a single cylinder a continuous non-intermittent flow of water may be obtained,
and secondly, to the construction of the mechanism for operating the piston so as to
obtain direct perpendicular action of the piston rod
The Invention although applicable especially to the ordinary surface plump may
be used for any variety of pump, such, for example, as those for deep wells, bilge, or
midship's pumps on ships or vessels of any description, and for railway stations,
factores, and many other purposes
In carrying out the said Invention a small chamber is arranged on each side of
the piston chamber or cylinder in which the piston works, and which has direct
communication with the suction pipe, one of which side chambers is connected at
the top with the pump chamber and at the bottom by a valve connection with the
piston chamber, whilst the other communicates at the bottom with the suction pipe
through an opening provided with a valve, and at the top with the piston chamber
The piston rod is also at its upper end pivotted to aims or links, and also pivotted
nt the lower ends to the forked shorter aim of the lever which forms the pump
handle, so that the piston rod always moves in a diectly vertical line
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood I shall now pro-
ceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to the
several Figures on the annexed Sheet of Diawings, the same letters of reference in-
dicating corresponding parts in all the Figures
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings represents a side view of the pump
Figure 2 is a vertical sectional elevation of the same showing the piston at the
top of its upward stroke
Figure 3 is a similar view of a portion of the pump showing the piston at the
bottom of its downward stioke
Figure 4 is a view of the connection with the piston 10d
Figure 5 is a plan of a plate between the pump and piston chambers
Figure 6 is a plan of a plate formung the bottom of the piston chamber and side
chambers
Figure 7 is an elevation of a deep well pump
Figure 8 is an elevation of what is known as a bilge pump, Figure 9 is an end
view, partly in section, of the same
Figure 10 is a sectional elevation of a midship pump
A is the head or pump chamber, by preference of the configuration shewn, and
enlarged at its lower end, in it being formed as at A', a channel to be herein-after
inore particularly referred to, Bis the cover secured to the top of the pump chamber
by bolts on in any usual mannci, in it being set a bushing B', through which passes

page_text: the piston 10d C, B is an an cock, and D the spout, both of these being of any
usual construction and arrangement, E is the piston (which may be made in any
desired manner and with any suitable packing) working in the piston chamber F,
on each side of which is a small chamber, the two being marked respectively G,
and H, I, is a plate interposed between the pump chamber or head A, and the
piston chambei F, and through holes in which (see Figure 5) pass bolts or other
suitable devices for securing them all together, such plate having formed in it a
suitable bushing for the piston rod C In this plate I are also formed the following
openings, videlicet -An opening F' allowing access from the piston chainber to the
pump chamber, which opening is closed by any suitable valve f¹, an opening II'
giving fice communication from the chamber H to the pump chamber A, and a large
opening G' to both the piston chamber F and the chamber G, thus by means of tho
channel A¹ connecting the two K is the bottom plate of the piston and side
chambers shown in Figures 2 and 3, and in detail in Figure 6
It is carried on any
suitable foot L, being secured thereto and to the superstructure in any suitable
manner In the portion of this plate, which forms the base of the piston chamber
proper, are formed two openings, onc, F, affording by micans of a channel K¹ duect
communication between the chambers F and H though the openings H² provided
with a valve h, and the other F' which has a valve f connected with it leading to
the suction pipe, which is to be secured at M to the plate, and also by the
channel K² through the opening G³ provided with a valve g³ to thechamber G
When a pump is to be constructed in such a manner as to have always a charge
of water mit it is preferied to make it as shewn in Figures 8, 9, and 10, the suction
pipe M being taken to the cylinder F some distance above the bottom plate K. and
communicating with an air vessel N placed above it, and the channel K' which is
carmed up to its aid as before opens up into the bottom of the chamber
This con-
struction is the one which it is preferred to adopt both for "midship' and "bilge"
pumps
The handle of the pump and its connection with the piston rod C are constructed
and arranged in the following manner -The substance of the head A is carried out
on one side as shewn at A, so as to form a beauing through which passes the pin P
pivotting thereto the lever 0 which serves as the pump handle This level Ò has
its shorter arm O' forked, so as to pass on each side of the head A, each of the
prongs on branches of the fork being pivotted, as shewn at q, to a corresponding
link O bent as shewn in Figure 4, and having an eyo Q¹ formed on its upper end,
through which and the eye C¹ on the upper end of the piston 10d C passes the pin c,
pivotting them all together
The position of the pivot pin P and the relative lengths of the forked arms O¹ and
the links are such that the aims and links cannot at any time be at night angles
to each other By this means the piston rod always moves in a perfectly vertical
line, thus greatly facilitating the working of the pump and diminishing the wear
and tear
In order to enable the pump to be worked from both sides the parts may be
arianged as shewn in Figure 8 According to this arrangement the pump handle or
lever is only just sufficiently long outside the pivot point P to enable it to carry
an eye R, and the forked ends 01 are carried beyond the pivot point q and united
to carry a similar eye R, as shewn, into these eyes may be inserted bars or poles by
which the pump can be operated Either of these movements, single or double, may
be applied to any single acting pump of other wise ordinary construction
When the said Invention is applied to a deep well pump the cylinder (constructed
as her ein-before described) may be sunk to any desired distance in the well, carried
in any convenient manner, and provided with any suitable communicating pipe (an
example of which arrangements is shewn in Figure 7)
For the purpose of discharging the water from the cylinder in a deep well pump
and thus endeing it a non-freezing pump, there is placed at the lower end of the
communicating pipe of rising main a cock S which is connected by a rod S¹ with
any suitable handle T arranged by preference to fit in grooves at the foot of the

page_text: pump, such grooves being placed so as to ensure the cock being open or shut The
water thus let off will in falling exercise a good effect by disturbing the surface
water of the well
When used as a "midship" pump the cover B of the head may be dispensed with,
and the head may be shaped as shown in Figure 10
The apparatus operates in the following manner:-When the pump is in full
work the piston E in its upward stroke raises the water contained above it in the
piston chamber through the opening F into the pump chamber A, which it passes
off by the spout D, the vacuum thus created being filled by the-rush of water from
the suction pipe through the opening FS into the piston chamber. In the down-
waid stroke of the piston the water contained beneath it in the piston chamber F 18
forced through the opening F' along the channel K', up through the opening H³ into
the chamber H, and thence by the opening H' into the pump chamber and out by
the spout (the valve f³ closing the opening in the bottom of the piston chamber
prevents any backward flow of water)
As the piston descends the vacuum above it is filled by the water which, passing
from the suction pipe along the channel K², enters the chamber G by the opening G³,
and thence through the chamber A' flows into the piston chamber at the top, follow-
ing the piston in its downward course and filling the chamber above it
The operation of the modification shown in Figure 8 will not in any way differ
fiom that just described
From the foregoing it will be readily seen that this pump can be worked with
great facility, since, as the side chambers are always full (the valves g³ and h³ pre-
venting any flow from them otherwise than into the pump and piston chambers)
the parts are in perfect equilibrium
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into effect, I
would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original, and
therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the heiein-before in part recited
Letters Patent, 18,―
First In any pump by the descent of the piston forcing the water contained
below it in the chamber up into the head and out at the spout, and simultaneously
therewith filling the vacuum formed above it duectly from the suction pipe
Second In any pump the combination with the piston chamber of side chambers,
one communicating at the top with the piston chamber and at the bottom with the
suction pipe, and the other connected at its lower end with the piston chamber, and
at its upper with the pump chamber or head, substantially as herein-before
described
Thud In combination with the piston rod of a pump the links Q pivotted to it
at then upper ends, and at their lower ends pivotted to the forked shorter arm of
the working lever, also pivotted to an extension of the frame, substantially in the
manner and for the purposes hei ein-before described
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have to this my Speci-
fication set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of July, One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven
J HENRY JOHNSON (Ls)