IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS AND ARTICLES OF GLASS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Christian August Wilhelm Schon, of Hamburg; in the
Empire of Germany, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF GLASS AND ARTICLES OF GLASS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME."
A communication by George Leuffgen, of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Christian August Wilhelm
Schon, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th April 1881.
CHRISTIAN AUGUST WILHELM SCHON, of Hamburg, in the Empire of Germany.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS AND ARTICLES OF GLASS, AND
IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME." A communication by George Leuffgen, of Berlin,
in the Empire of Germany.
"
This Invention relates to the manufacturing of glass by melting the materials of
which it is composed in a similar manner to the melting of metals, thereby obtaining
a higher degree of liquidity and purity in the glass, and rendering the process of
The
manufacture continuous, instead of being intermittent as heretofore.
Invention also consists in the employment for the purpose of the apparatus
hereinafter described.
The melting tank has a double bottom, so as to admit of water or other means
of cooling being introduced, in order to form a crust or coating of congealed glass
in the interior, in a manner similar to that described in a Patent granted to one
Henry Simon, bearing date 13th, August 1879, No. 3271.
The said tank is mounted so as to be capable of being tilted by turning on a
pivou or pivots resting on fixed standards. There is a pipe at the bottom of the
tank for the admission of the cooling medium into the space between the two
bottoms; and at the upper part of the tank there are two longitudinal pipes with
stop cocks communicating with the inside of the tank: The cooling medium after.
cooling the inside of the tank flows out at the top thereof. The tank is covered by
a lid secured thereto by hooks as required.
The tank is charged with crude material through a funnel' or hopper, and has at
its sides regenerators. for furnishing the gas required for 'melting the material
contained in the tank.

page_text: There are wagons for transporting the liquid glass to the working places, and
which may be fitted up like the large melting tank; they have wheels, and are
placed upon travelling platforms, from..which they are moved to and between
the "regenerators," whence the glass may be taken conveniently to the working
places.
The melting furnace consists of two cupola furnaces lined with reverboratory
material, and covered with a casing of boiler plate, and placed at both ends of the
melting or transfer tank. The furnaces are charged from a platform through an
opening at the top in alternating layers of crude material and coal, and the required
fusion of the material is effected by means of suitably arranged blowers, whereby
23
generator gas or hot air is introduced. The cupolas are arched over the top;
and there are conduits through which the material can pass and become collected
in one tank to heat the glass on the surface, and, keep it in a fluid state by the
heated gases or air from the furnace. By this means, glass can be melted
continuously.
<
1
"
The annealing furnace is of either circular or polygonal form in plan, and its
interior forms one chamber, which can be divided into two or more sections by
. means of sliding partitions. The bottom of this furnace forms a turntable moving
on rollers, and worked by means of a pinion gearing with a toothed ring on the
underside of the turntable, such, pinion being acted upon as required by a hand
wheel through suitable gearing.
The transporting wagons above referred to fit the section of the furnace, heated
by flues, and serve to convey the finished but still hot glass goods packed in boxes
which rest on wheels. After one box is filled one of the sliding partitions is
raised, and the turntable is turned until the box has passed the slide, when this
is lowered again; then the next box or wagon is filled, and so on, until the several
boxes or wagons are successively caused to pass gradually through the whole
furnace or chamber, and are finally discharged of their contents in an annealed
state through an opening for the purpose. The chamber is heated at its upper
part through flues. In case plate glass is required to be made rolling furnaces
are added to the annealing furnace, and the hot and cool rooms arranged as
required.
The hot glass goods are. conveyed to the said annealing furnace or chamber in a
trough, which is moved by means of a travelling chain worked by pulleys, and the
trough is heated as required by hot gases admitted thereinto through flues. The
goods are delivered from the travelling chain on to a table strewn with sand, and
are packed in the boxes or wagons ready to receive them.
A hand ladle is used which is fitted with a double casing, and with two pipes
for the entrance and exit of a cooling medium, also with bent pipes passing through
the handle to form a connection with bose or piping through which the cooling
medium can pass to and from the ladle.
i
...Tongs. intended for grasping hot glass articles are used in which a spindle
within a tube can be screwed along therein, so as to cause the article to be grasped
by claws fitted to a cross fixed to the front end of the spindle.
subordinate parts by means of which the claws can be opened and closed as
required for grasping articles of different sizes.
There are
The hand and crane tilting ladle employed. is also fitted with a double casing,
strengthened by stays and furnished with a spout for pouring liquid glass into
other vessels. To protect the sheet iron of the casing the ladle is lined with clay
or other refractory material. To the sides of the ladle are fitted hollow trunnions,
through one of which the cooling medium enters, and it escapes by a pipe suitably
placed. By means of the trunnions the ladle is suspended to the crane.
There is also an apparatus for shaping bottle necks in which the outside of the
neck is formed by rollers, being caused to press thereon by the action of other rollers
being separated by their being forced along a cone on a sleeve connected to a
revolving shaft, the inside of the neck being protected from compression by a core.
This core is composed of two levers swinging on a pin of a chuck and guided with

page_text: their other ends by grooves in the said sleeves. By the motion of the revolving
cone the said rollers are caused to shape the outside of the neck while the said core
shapes it on the inside.
A modification of the above consists in the use of a revolving shaft, having on
it a collar or sleeve carrying arms with rollers on their ends working on inclines
at the back of a cross head, in which is mounted the pins of the shaping rollers.
As the said collar or sleeve revolves it acts through levers connected therewith by
studs working in an annular groove in the collar or sleeve on the said rollers, so as
to move them up and down along the inclines, and thereby act upon the shaping
rollers so as to form the outside of the neck, a ring being inserted on the end of the
revolving shaft to act as a core for the interior of the neck, such ring being adapted
to form a screw thread or other design on the said interior if required.
For casting plates of glass there is the following arrangement:-The tank or
vessel containing the molten glass is suspended at one end of the casting bench or
table which has raised edges or walls to prevent overflow.
To the side of this bench is fixed a toothed rack in which gears a pinion fixed
to a cross-head carrying a ruler or levelling apparatus, which is adjustable as
required, and which being worked along over the table scrapes off the superfluous
glass, which passes into a receptacle at the back end of the table, leaving on the
table a smooth glass plate of uniform thickness. The said tank and also the said
ruler are or may be fitted with double casings, for the passage through them of a
cooling medium.
Dishes or other forms in glass are produced by means of dies and pressure.
The red hot glass plate is placed upon a lower die of suitable form, and an upper
die of the required form is brought down and pressed upon it in guides by any
suitable means, and the rim of the dish is first formed, then steani or cómpressed
air is caused to raise the red hot plate and press it into the upper die, filling up
the recessed portions, and the dish will be finished in this way. The dies are
heated by any convenient means.
Particular designs can in this way be formed on the articles, and holes can be
pierced if required by means of suitable instruments.
After being formed in the nianner stated the articles should be annealed by being
passed through the annealing furnace hereinbefore described.
A hollow or spring core is made to consist of a spindle having on it a three-
armed cross, to the ends of which arms are fixed three springs to which arc, fastened
length bars, round which wire cloth is fixed, thereby forming a wire cloth
cylinder, to the outside of which a layer of loam is applied and kiln dried.
Owing to the elasticity of such core it follows the contraction of the glass when
cooling down.

page_text: :
*
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of. the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Christian August Wilhelm Schon in the Great Seal Patent Office.
on the 21st October 1881..
:
CHRISTIAN AUGUST WILHELM SCHON,. of Hamburg, in the Empire. of Germany..
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE. MANUFACTURE OF GLASS AND ARTICLES OF GLASS; AND
IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME.". A communication from George Leuffgen, of
Berlin, in the Empire of Germany.
This Invention relates to the manufacturing of glass by melting the materials of
which it is composed in a similar manner to the melting of metals; thereby.
obtaining a higher degree of liquidity and purity in the glass, and rendering
the process of manufacture continuous instead of being. intermittent as heretofore..
The Invention also consists in the employment for the purpose of the apparatus
hereinafter described.
The melting tank has a double bottom so as to admit of water or other means.
of cooling being introduced in order to form a crust or coating of congealed glass
in the interior, in a manner similar to that described in a Patent granted to one
Henry Simon, bearing date Thirteenth August, One thousand eight hundred and
seventy nine, No. 3271.
The said tank is mounted so as to be capable of being tilted by turning on a
pivot or pivots resting on fixed standards. There is a pipe at the bottom of the
tank for the admission of the cooling medium into the space between the two.
bottoms, and at the upper part of the tank there are two longitudinal pipes with
stop cocks communicating with the inside of the tank. The cooling medium after
cooling the inside of the tank flows out at the top thereof. The tank is covered
by a lid secured thereto by hooks, as. required. The tank is charged with 'crude
material through à funnel or hopper, and has at its sides regenerators for
furnishing the gas required for melting the material contained in the tank.
There are wagons for transporting the liquid glass to the working places, and
which may be fitted up like the large melting tank; they have wheels and are
placed upon travelling platforms, from which they are moved to and between
the regenerators," whence the glass may be taken conveniently to the working
places.
The melting furnace consists of two cupola furnaces lined with reverberatory
material, and covered with a casing of boiler plate, and placed at both ends of
the melting or transfer tank. The furnaces are charged from a platform through
an opening at the top in alternating layers of crude material and coal, and the
required fusion of the material is effected by means of suitably arranged blowers
whereby generator gas or hot air is introduced. The cupolas are arched over
the top, and there are conduits through which the material can pass and become
collected in one tank to heat the glass on the surface, and to keep it in a fluid
state by the heated gases or air from the furnace. By this means glass can be
melted continuously.
[
"
The annealing furnace is of either circular or polygonal form in plan, and its
interior forms one chamber which can be divided into two or more sections by
means of sliding partitions. The bottom of this furnace forms turntable moving
on rollers, and worked by means of a pinion gearing with a toothed ring on the
underside of the turntable, such pinion being acted upon as required by a hand
wheel through suitable gearing.
The transporting wagons above referred to fit the section of the furnace heated

page_text: by flucs, and serve to convey the finished but still hot glass goods packed in boxes
which rest on wheels. After one box is filled one of the sliding partitions is raised,.
and the turntable is turned until the box has passed the slide, when this is lowered
again; then the next box or wagon is filled, and so on, until the several boxes or
wagons are successively caused to pass gradually through the whole furnace or
chamber, and are finally discharged of their contents in an annealed state through
an opening for the purpose. The chamber is heated at its upper part through
flues. In case plate glass is required to be made rolling furnaces are added to the
annealing furnace, and the hot and cool rooms arranged as required.
The hot glass goods are conveyed to the said annealing furnace or chamber in a
trough, which is moved by means of a travelling chain worked by pulleys, and the
trough is heated as required by hot gases admitted thereinto through flues. The
goods are delivered from the travelling chain on to a table strewn with sand, and
are packed in the boxes or wagons ready to receive them.
A hand ladle is used which is fitted with a double casing and with two pipes
for the entrance and exit of a cooling medium, also with bent pipes passing through
the handle to form a connection with hose or piping through which the cooling
medium can pass to and from the ladle.
Tongs intended for grasping hot glass articles are used, in which a spindle within
a tube can be screwed along therein so as to cause the article to be grasped by
claws fitted to a cross fixed to the front end of the spindle. There are subordinate
parts by means of which the claws can be opened and closed as required for
grasping articles of different sizes.
The hand and crane tilting ladle employed is also fitted with a double casing
strengthened by stays, and furnished with a spout. for pouring liquid glass into
other vessels. To protect the sheet iron of the casing the ladle is lined with clay
or other refractory material. To the sides of the ladie are fitted hollow trunnions,
through one of which the cooling medium enters, and it escapes by a pipe suitably
placed. By means of the trunnions the ladle is suspended to the crane.
There is also an apparatus for shaping bottle necks, in which the outside of the
neck is formed by rollers being caused to press thereon by the action of other
rollers being separated by their being forced along a cone on a sleeve connected to
a revolving shaft, the inside of the neck being protected from compression by a
core. This core is composed of two levers swinging on a pin of a chuck, and
guided with their other ends by grooves in the said sleeve. By the motion of the
revolving cone the said rollers are caused to shape the outside of the neck, while
the said core. shapes it on the inside.
A modification of; the above consists in the use of a revolving shaft, having on it
a collar or sleeve carrying arms with rollers on their ends working on inclines at
the back of a cross head, in which is mounted the pins of the shaping rollers. As
the said collar or sleeve revolves it acts through levers connected therewith by
studs working in an annular groove in the collar or sleeve on the said rollers, so as
to move them up and down along the inclines, and thereby act upon the shaping
rollers so as to form the outside of the neck, a ring being inserted on the end of
the revolving shaft to act as a core for the interior of the neck, such ring being
adapted to form a screw thread or other design on the said interior if required.
For casting plates of glass there is the following arrangement:-The tank or
vessel containing the molten glass is suspended at one end of the casting bench or
table, which has raised edges or walls to prevent overflow. To the sides of this
bench is fixed a toothed rack, in which gears a pinion fixed to a cross head carrying
a ruler or levelling apparatus which is adjustable as required, and which being
worked along over the table scrapes off the superfluous glass which passes into a
receptacle at the back end of the table, leaving on the table a smooth glass. plate
of uniform thickness. The said tank and also the said ruler are or may be fitted
with double casings for the passage through them of a cooling medium.
Dishes or other forms in glass are produced by means of dies and pressure. The
red hot glass plate is placed upon a lower die of suitable form, and an upper die of

page_text: the required form is brought down and pressed upon it in guides by any suitable
means, and the rim of the dish is first formed; then steam or compressed air is
caused to raise the red hot plate and press it into the upper die, filling up the
recessed portions, and the dish will be finished in this way: The dies are heated
by any convenient means.
Particular designs can in this way be formed on the articles, and holes can be
pierced if required by means of suitable instruments.
After being formed in the manner stated the articles should be annealed by being
passed through the annealing furnace hereinbefore described.
A hollow or spring core is made to consist of a spindle having on it a three-
armed cross, to the ends of which arms are fixed three springs, to 'which are
fastened length bars, round which wire cloth is fixed, thereby forming a wire cloth
cylinder, to the outside of which a layer of loam is applied and kiln dried. Owing
to the elasticity of such core it follows the contraction of the glass when cooling
down.
:
Having thus stated the nature of the said Invention I will proceed to describe
more particularly in what manner the same is to be performed by the aid of the
accompanying Drawings, in which are represented the parts of apparatus herein-
before referred to.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
In Sheet I. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section; Fig. 2, a longitudinal section; and
Fig. 3, a transverse section of the large melting tank. The melting tank A has a
double bottom and rests on the vertical brackets F by means of a shaft fixed to
the tank. On the tank being tilted by means of a lifting apparatus represented in
Fig. 3 it is caused to turn on this shaft as a pivot, and is emptied by the spout C.
At the lower part of the melting tank is fitted the inlet m, through which the
cooling medium is introduced. At the upper part of the tank there are two
longitudinal pipes G, G, communicating by stop cocks with the inside of the tank.
The cooling medium enters through the pipe m,cooling the inside surface of the
tank and flows out at the top. The tank is covered by the lid B, which is secured
by hooks to the rim to the double faced tank. The latter is charged with the
crude material through the funnel or hopper E from the platform built round the
lifting apparatus. At the sides are situated the renegerators D, D, which furnish
the gas required for the melting of the material contained in the tank.
In Figures 1, 1, and 4 are represented the wagons which serve for transporting
the liquid glass to the working places, and which may be fitted up like the large
melting tank they have wheels, and are placed upon travelling platforms. They
are moved away from the latter to and between regenerators (Fig. 1, 1), whence
the glass may be conveniently taken to the working places.
In Figures 6, 7, and 8 (Sheet I.) is represented the melting frame, which consists
of two cupola furnaces lined with reverberatory material and covered with a
shell of boiler plate, and fitted one at each end of the melting tank. The
furnaces are charged from a platform indicated by dotted lines at e, e, through an
opening on the top in alternating layers of crude material and coal; Fig. 8 is a
section in the line A, B, C, D, E, F, of Fig. 6.
The fusion is effected by means of suitably arranged blowers by which generator
gas or hot air is produced. The liquid glass flows through the passages h, h,
directly into the tank : In order to keep the mass always in a state ready for
casting. the cupolas of the furnaces are arched at the top k, and provided with two
conduits or passages 1, m, extending along their hinder side.. The burning gases
formed above the furnace flow through, the conduit or passage m, are collected in
the horizontal conduit or passage o (which communicates with both furnaces), pass,
through the opening p, and spread out above or over the liquid glass.. The conduit
or 'passage takes up ashes and other impurities which are removed through the.
ash door r.

page_text: In Sheet II. Figures 9, 10, and 11 represent the annealing furnace; Fig. 9 is a
horizontal section; Fig. 10, a longitudinal section; and Fig. 11, a transverse
section.
This annealing furnace is of circular or polygonal form in plan, and its interior
forms one chamber, which can be divided by sliding partitions into two or more
sections, as shewn in Fig. 9. The bottom of the annealing furnace forms a turn
table (see Figures 9 and 10). Under the latter are arranged rails d and d¹ in such
a manner as to admit of the turntable revolving on rollers e, e', resting in double
plummer blocks. A toothed ring g is also fixed to the underside of the turn table,
into which ring gears the pinion h. This pinion is fixed to the shaft turning in
bearings, and having fitted on its other end a bevil wheel gearing with the bevil
wheel, which is fastened to the vertical shaft m, revolving in the wall bearing o.
The collar and ring n prevent the shaft m from falling. The shaft m is connected
by bevil gearing o, o, with the horizontal shaft p, to the end of which is mounted
the hand wheel q, so that by this arrangement the turntable c can be moved by
hand from outside the furnaces.
As above stated the annealing chamber is divided into a cold and a hot section
by the slides q, q. The transfer wagon fits to the section heated by the flues s, s,
whence the finished but still hot glass goods are packed into boxes t which rest
on wheels or rollers . After one box or wagon has been filled, one slide q² is
raised, the turn table c with this box or wagon turned; as described, until the box
has arrived behind the slide q², which is then lowered again; then the next box
or wagon is filled, and so on. In such manner the boxes or wagons gradually
traverse the whole furnace until they arrive at the opening w, through which their
contents are discharged in an annealed state. The chamber is heated at its
upper part by generator gas, which enters through the flues" and and through
the opening w.
If plate glass is required to be made, rolling furnaces e, as shewn by dotted lines,
are added to the annealing furnace, and then the now cooler section or chamber r
is used as a hot chamber, and the chamber r' as a cool one.
The transporting or conveying apparatus which carries the hot glass goods to the
annealing furnace consists of a cover trough a resting upon two frames b, b. On
cach side of these frames are arranged two pulleys round which runs the endless
belt or chain d guided by small flanged rollers e, e, which are fitted to each link of
the chain and travel in bars ), f. which are fastened to the sides of the trough a,
angle iron g. In order to produce the required heat in the trough, two flues h, h,
extend parallel with and between the chains through the bottom of the trough. The
hot generator gases intended to heat the annealing furnaces enter through one of
these flues and pass out through the other.
The hot glass goods slip or roll from the chain which is driven by hand or by
power over a metal sheet onto a table strewn with sand, and are packed into
boxes or wagons standing in the furnace or chamber ready to receive them.
In Sheet III., Figures 12, 13, and 14 represent the hand ladle which is fitted
with double walls or casing a, a, and with two pipes b and c, the cooling medium
entering through band passing out through c. The bent pipes pass through the
handle so as to be connected with flexible piping through which the cooling
medium may flow to or from the ladie.
Figures 15, 16, and 17 represent the tilting ladle for use with a crane or by
hand. This is also fitted with double walls or casing e, e', united by stays e², and
furnished with a spout ƒ for pouring the liquid glass into other vessels. In order
to protect the sheet iron wall from burning, the ladle is lined with clay g or other
refractory material. To the sides of the ladle are fixed hollow trunnions h, h,
through one of which the cooling medium enters, passing out through the pipe i.
By means of these trunnions the ladle is suspended from the crane, as shewn in
Fig. 16; Fig: 18 shews the transition of the crane ladle to the large melting lank
hereinbefore described.

page_text: Figures 19, 20, and 21 represent the tongs for grasping hot glass goods. These
tongs consist of a piece of iron pipe a which is provided at one end with a female
screw into which is screwed a nut, which serves to stop the spindle c. at any
required point. By the nut itself the cross fastened to the other end of the
spindle is tightened. To the front end of the pipe is fixed the boss d, bearing
four arms e with roller f at their ends; the shape and construction of the cross h
are shewn in Figures 20 and 21. The arms of this cross are provided with slots in
which slide the checks g by means of inclined planes. Dove tailed claws i slide on
the front side of these cheeks, or if required springing bars which can be drawn up
or down by screws. As the cross is fixed to the spindle c and the arms e with the
rollers to the pipe a, the said rollers will when the spindle c is drawn backward
press upon the inclined plane of the cheeks and force the latter together. The
object of employing springs is to keep the cheeks in their highest position when
the tongs are not in use.
Figures 22, 23, and 24 represent the apparatus for shaping bottle necks. The
shaft a is turned by hand or by power in any convenient manner. Its motion is
transferred to the sleeve b, which is conical at the front end c with a conical hole.
Against this cone e bear two rollers d, d, acted upon by springs e, e, such rollers
being mounted on one end of two levers turning round the pin i, and on the other
end of which are mounted the shaping rollers g, g. It is clear that when the
.rollers d, d, are forced upon the cone and separated from each other, the rollers g, g,
will be caused to move together, and that when the neck of the bottle is brought
between the rollers g, g, they will compress and form or shape the outside of such
neck. In order to prevent any compression of the opening of the bottle neck,
a core corresponding to the intended width of the opening has to be introduced
during this process. This core is composed of two levers turning on the pin i. of
the chuck, and guided as to their ends by grooves in the hollow conical enlarge-
ment of the sleeve b. The chuck can revolve in a bearing supporting at the same
time the fulcra f of the roller levers above mentioned.
At the beginning of the operation the cone c is withdrawn so that the rollers d, d,
are nearest together, and the half round ends of the core levers are closed, thereby
allowing easily the introduction of a bottle between the rollers g. g. and upon the
core levers. By the progressive motion of the revolving cone c, the roller g, g,
travelling and pressing on the well of the bottle neck shape the outside of the neck,
whilst the core levers by gradually opening shape its inside.
Fig. 24 represents a modification of the core levers just described. To the shaft b
revolving by means of the pulley in a plummer block a is fixed the cross head c;
in the radial slots e of which can be slidden cheeks by mechanism herein-after
described, acting upon inclined planes of the cheeks. Into the latter are screwed
pins g, g, which act as trunnions for the shaping rollers h, h. Revolving with
the shaft b the sleeve slides thereon with arms m and rollers a moveable up and
down along the inclined plane f. This motion is effected by the lever o turning
on the point q of the arm p, the pins of the lever o working in an annular-groove
of the sleeve 1. The springs s, s, tend to keep the cheeks f. f, apart. The bottle
is placed upon the protruding part of the shaft b, and its neck is shaped by shifting
the sleeve as required, and thereby pressing together the rollers h.
If the inside of the bottle neck be screw threaded or furnished with inden-
tations of any other design, a moveable ring w (the form of which, corresponds
with such design) on the end of the shaft becomes connected with the bottle, the
glass of which being pressed into the design of the ring by the rollers h pressing
and forming the outside neck. When the bottle is finished the ring is retained.
by the wire, which moving in a recess of the shaft bengages with the ring w,
being pushed forward at the same time that the lever o' draws back the,sleeve.!
and opens the rollers h. On the shaft b is mounted for this purpose a small sleeve k
with an annular groove, in which works the pin of a lever turning on the point u
of the arm p, and controlled by a suitable connection with the lever o. The wirev

page_text: is connected to the sleeve k. When the sleeve is withdrawn by the lever o, this
lever pushes the sleeve k and with it the wire forward, thereby retaining the
ring w.
The bottle can now be removed from the shaft b.
Fig. 28 represents the casting bench which consists of a table a, to one side of
which is screwed a toothed rack b. At the front end of the bench is placed the
tank c supported by brackets e and suspended by chains d. The surface of the
table d is surrounded on all sides by raised walls, in order to retain the glass on
the table as it is poured thereon. The ruler or levilling apparatus g is fixed to a
cross head which is guided by vertical grooves on the brackets, which when
united at the top. by the cross bar k can be moved along or over the whole surface
of the table by means of a crank and pinion q. supported by the bracket p and
gearing into the rack b. The ruler or levilling apparatus may be adjusted as
required by means of the screw m working in the nut by the cross bar k, such
screw being worked by means of the hand wheel n. The ruller or levelling
apparatus is connected to the crosshead by a hinge, so that it may be turned up
and easily cleared from adhering glass. When the liquid glass is poured out on to
the table the scraping apparatus is moved from the front to the back end of the
table, the ruler g scraping off the superfluous glass which flows into a receptacle at
the back end of the table, leaving on the surface of the table a smooth glass plate
of uniform thickness.
Figures 25, 26, and 27 represent the hollow or spring core. On each end of a
shaft a is mounted a three armed cross b to which are screwed the three springs
c, c, c; to these springs are fastened length bars d, round which the wire cloth e is
fastened. To the outside of this wire cloth cylinder a layer of loam or clay is
applied and kiln dried. Owing to the elasticity of the said core it will follow the
contraction of the glass while it is cooling down. Figs. 29 to 33 represent different
articles in glass which can be made by the continuous process above described.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, communicated to me as aforesaid, I would remark that I
do not claim, as of the said Invention, the construction of the melting tank with a
double casing, and the introduction of a cooling medium to form a coating of
congealed glass in the interior thereof, nor the application of heat at the top, as
these points are described in the Specification. No. 3271 (1879) hereinbefore
referred to, but what I do claim as of the said Invention is,-
First. The combination of melting tank. tilting apparatus, and transporting
wagons, as represented in Figures 1, 1ª, 2, 2, 3, and 4, and hereinbefore described.
Secondly. The melting furnace, represented in Figs. 6, 7, and 8, and hereinbefore
described.
Thirdly. The annealing furnace and transporting or conveying apparatus, as
represented in Figures 9, 10, and 11, and hereinbefore described.
Fourthly. The hand ladle, represented in Figures 12, 13, and 14, and hereinbefore
described.
Fifthly. The tilting ladle, represented in Figures 15, 16, and 17, and hereinbefore
described.
Sixthly. The tongs for grasping hot glass goods, as represented in Figs. 19, 20,
and 21, and hereinbefore described.
Seventhly. The apparatus for shaping bottle necks. represented in Figures 22,
23, and 24, and hereinbefore described.
Eighthly. The modification, represented in Fig. 24, and hereinbefore described.
Ninthly. The casting bench and appurtenances, represented in Fig. 28, and
hereinbefore described.
Tenthly. The mode of forming dishes and other articles by pressure, hereinbefore
described.
Eleventhly. The hollow or spring core, represented in Figures 25, 26, and 27,
and hereinbefore described.
And, Lastly. The combination of the melting tank with tilting and transporting

page_text: apparatus whereby the working is rendered continuous, also the combination of
any two or more of the parts of the Invention, hereiñbefore separately described.
In witness whereof, 1,. the said Christian August Wilhelm Schon, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Tenth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
CHR. AUG. W¼. SCHON. (L.S.),,