Improvements in or relating to Looms for Weaving Piled or Tufted Fabrics.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Nov., 1895
Complete Specification Loft 18th Ava 18:6 Accented
10th Sent
1806
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Looms for Weaving Piled or Tufted
Fabrics.
We, GEORGE WILLIAM GROSVENOR, of Broom House, near Stourbridge,
Carpet Manufacturer, and FRANCIS BEST FAWCETT, of 44 Comberton Road,
Kidderminster. both in the County of Worcester, Commission Agent, do bereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention consists of improvements in or relating to looms employed in
weaving piled or tufted fabrics, known as Moquette or Royal Axminster, such as
are manufactured by the process described in the Specification to Letters Patent
No. 235 of 1877, Sydney Pitt; and in the Specification to Letters Patent
No. 9665 of 1893, F. B. Fawcett, one of the parties hereto. The last named
specification has been amended, and in this said amended specification on page 1,
lines 13 and 14, reference is made to using but "two shoots of weft to each row of
pile ;" and on page 4, lines 48 to 50-referring to the weave or stitch just named-
it is stated that this weave or stitch can be woven in a two shot time loom with
the same result and a further saving of time." The present invention refers to
improvements whereby further means than those described in Fawcett's said
specification are provided for weaving the fabric referred to above.
"
In carrying out our improvements, we sometimes apply them to the three shot
time looms at present in use, especially those employing the so-called "guillotine
knife for cutting the pile, instead of the revolving cutter; as the former is quicker
in cutting, and gives more time for the subsequent tufting operations. This loom,
however, does not effect the full saving of time required; improved movements
have to be imparted, also improved mechanism in some cases, and the sequence of
the various motions has to be adapted to work in combination with the said
improved movements, and with each other, to produce the desired result.
Amongst the principal cases in which improved movements or improved mechanism
or both, are applied, are the following. The bobbin carrier or chain has an improved
movement given to it, to cause it to work in concert with the transferring arms, so
that after the bobbin has been replaced from which the previous row of pile has
been taken, the chain may bring the bobbin for the next row of pile into position
in correct time for the said transferring arms to take it down to the weaving point.
The necessary improved mechanism is employed for the purpose indicated, and it
consists of an improved cam, and in the intervening mechanism, of a crank lever
instead of the rack and segment now used.
The aforesaid transferring arms have improved movements imparted to them by
an improved cam to work in combination with the bobbin chain, and for inserting
the pile ends between the warps.
The weft carrier or needle has an improvement in the mechanism, to give more
ecope and ease in working at a high speed. In this case, also, we employ an
improved cam, and move the axis of the bowl further from the fulcrum of the
lever.
The lay may have a double beat imparted to it, which motion consists of receding
from the cloth a short distance and returning again, before going back the full
distance, to give more beating up to the fabric.
In carrying the invention into effect. we alter any tufting loom now capable of
inserting three shots of weft to each row of pile into a loom inserting two shots of

page_text: weft to each row of pile, or in other words we make the tufting operations to repeat
themselves for every two shots of weft to each row of pile. This we do in some
cases, as before mentioned by constructing improved cams and mechanism; and in
other cases we alter and adjust the required parts of a loom as may be required, for
the purposes indicated.
Dated this 18th day of November 1895.
FAIRFAX & WETTER,
433 Strand, London, Agents for the Applicants.
Improvements in or relating to Looms for Weaving Piled or Tufted
Fabrics.
We, GEORGE WILLIAM GROSVENOR, of Broome House, near Stourbridge,
Carpet Manufacturer, and FRANCIS BEST FAWCETT, of 44, Comberton Road,
Kidderminster, both in the County of Worcester, Commission Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention consists of improvements in or relating to looms employed in
weaving piled or tufted fabrics, known as Moquette or Royal Axminster, such as
are manufactured by the process described in the Specification to Letters Patent
No. 235 of 1887, in the name of Sydney Pitt; and in the Specification to Letters
Patent No. 9665 of 1893, in the name of F. B. Fawcett, one of the parties hereto.
The last named specification has been amended, and in this said amended specification
on page 1, lines 13 and 14, reference is made to using but "two shoots of weft to
each row of pile ;" and on page 4, lines 48 to 50-referring to the weave or stitch
just named it is stated "that this weave or stitch can be woven in a two shot time
loom with the same result and a further saving of time." The present invention
refers to improvements whereby further means than those described in Fawcett's
said specification are provided for weaving the fabric referred to above.
In carrying out our improvements we apply them to the three shot time looms
at present in use, especially those employing the so-called "guillotine" knife for
cutting the pile instead of the revolving cutter ; as the former is quicker in
cutting, and gives more time for the subsequent tufting operations. This loom, as
hitherto made, does not effect the full saving of time required; improved movements
have to be imparted, also improved mechanism in some cases, and the sequence of
the various motions has to be adapted to work in combination with the said
improved movements, and with each other, to produce the desired result.
Consequently, we alter any tufting loom now capable of inserting three shots of
weft to each row of pile; or, in other words, we cause the tufting operations to be
repeated for every two shots of weft to each row of pile. This we do in the above
named cases by constructing improved cams and mechanism; and in other cases
by altering and adjusting the required parts of a loom as may be required for the
purposes indicated.
In the further description of this invention reference is made to the accompanying
drawings, in which
Fig. 1 is an elevation of one of two improved cams for operating the binding
warps, the cams being made both alihe, but reversed in position on the loom, in
the known manner.
Fig. 2 is an elevation of an improved cam for advancing the bobbin carrier or
chains, to bring each bobbin into position as required.
Fig. 3 is an elevation of an improved cam for actuating the transferring arms;

page_text: Fig. 4 is an elevation of an improved cam for working the weft carrier or
needle; and
Fig. 5 is an elevation of an improved cam for operating the dead warp.
Referring to Fig. 1, A represents one of two improved cams, (made both alike,
but mounted in reverse position on the loom), for operating the heddles which carry
the binding warps. Beginning at the point marked a, and extending to the point b,
(the cam revolving in the direction of the arrow), the first shot or back weft is
inserted, the warp being down. Between b and c, the warps are levelled, for the
pile ends to be pushed through, and from c to d the second or upper shot of weft is
inserted the warp being down-to hold the pile which has previously been inserted.
Between d and e, the warps are levelled to enable the comb to push up the pile ends
to the surface, a process described in Fawcett's aforesaid specification. From e to f,
the warp is raised, to admit the first or back weft shot again; between / and I the
warps are levelled for the pile ends to be pushed through; from
to h the warps
are raised for the insertion of the second or upper shot of weft, to hold the previously
inserted pile, and between h and a the warps are levelled, to push up the pile ends
by the comb, as before. This completes the revolution of the cam A, and the cycle
of operations performed thereby is repeated. It is to be noted that this cam differs
from that shown in Fig. 7 of Fawcett's aforesaid Specification No. 9665 of 1893,
and also from the cam shown in Fig. 1B of Newton's Specification No. 22,455
of 1894, by providing for a much longer period of levelled warps for the pile ends
to be pushed through, which is taken in the former instance-from the idle time
indicated by M in the said Fig. 7 of Fawcett's specification. It further differs
from the aforesaid cams in being made to correspond with other improved cams
hereinafter described. The cam A, and a duplicate thereof (not shown) hereinafter
indicated by the reference letter A', are put on the treadle box with the
corresponding parts at opposite points to each other-that is-differing by half a
revolution from each other, in the well known manner; the cams A, A¹ operating
the beddles which carry the binding warps, one half the warp threads being raised
(for example) by the cam A, at the time the other half of the warp threads are
lowered by the duplicate cam A'.
Fig. 2 refers to an improved cam marked B for advancing the bobbin carrier or
chains to bring each bobbin into position as required. The said chains have sometimes
to carry several hundred bobbins, and being heavy to move it is necessary to give
a proportionately longer time, or slower speed, for the required movement.
This
extra time is taken from a convenient part of the cycle of operations, namely, by
reducing the time of one of the intervals of waiting between the insertion of the
wefts; the other interval being increased to correspond with the chain movement.
The slow period is indicated on the cam B between the points i and j, during which
the bobbin carrier or chains are advanced. Between the points ; and k the period
of idle time is reduced in order to provide the additional proportionate time
required for the previous movement or slow period. No movement is produced
between the points k and i. The cam B is thus made and adjusted to work in
concert with the transferring arms, so as to cause the chains to wait until the said
arms have replaced the bobbin from which the previous row of pile has been taken,
and then to advance the next bobbin for the next row of pile into position in correct
time for the said transferring arms to take it down to the weaving point. Inter-
vening mechanism is employed between the said cam B, and the bobbin carrier or
chains, such as the ordinary rack and segment, or other known means, but we
desire it to be understood that
we make no claim to such intervening
mechanisın.
Fig. 3 indicates an improved cam, marked C, for working the transferring arms.
As referred to above, the transferring arms move the bobbin with the projecting
pile ends to and from the chains, and push the pile ends through the warps to the
weaving point; and the cam C is made and adjusted to work in combination with
the chain cam B (Fig. 2). From the point marked l, on the cam C, Fig. 3, to the
point marked m, no movement is produced by this cam, the idle time allowing the

page_text: chains to advance the next bobbin by means of the cam B, but at the point m, the
transferring arms are caused to seize a bobbin on the chains, and from there to
the point marked n, take the bobbin down for the weaving process. Between n
and o, the pile ends are pushed through the warps by the operation of the cam C;
but from thence on towards p the operations of placing the pile ends against a
previously inserted row of pile, inserting the pile weft, causing the comb to turn
up the pile ends to the surface, lifting the transferring arms a little to draw
pile off the bobbin, and cutting the pile by the knives, are all done by contributory
Between p and, the cam C operates the transferring arms to take a bobbin
back and replace it on the chains, when the cycle of operations is repeated. There
are also contributory cams for causing the transferring arms to seize and replace
the bobbin at the chains, and for rocking the bobbin when the pile ends are pushed
through the warps. The said contributory cams are not shown, as they are of the
usual construction, but they are adjusted to work in combination with the improved
cam C, and the improved cam B, as a part of the sequence of motions adapted to
produce the desired general result.
cams.
The cam D, shown in Fig. 4, is improved so as to give more scope and ease in
working the weft carrier or needle at a high speed. It is constructed to impart
but two insertions of weft in its revolution, an interval of idle time being provided
for between each insertion. These intervals of idle time are not of equal duration,
the one between the insertion of the upper and back wefts (that is, the finishing
and beginning of a stitch or row of pile) is lessened, so that the other interval
between the insertion of the back and upper wefts (or the beginning and finishing
of a stitch) may be made about three times longer than the former. By suitable
adjustment of the cam, this latter interval occurs in the sequence of motions while
the chains are being advanced and the subsequent tufting motions are going on;
thus affording the requisite time for advancing the chains, and for the pile ends to
be pushed through the warps, before the next upper weft is inserted. In the drawing
Fig. 4, indicates the point on the cam D at which the needle begins to insert No. 1
shot, or the back weft, the operation being finished at s; while between thence and the
point t, the needle is withdrawn out of the shed. During the continued revolution
of the cam D in the direction of the arrow, a long interval of idle time is provided
for the needle from to u, that portion of the cam being concentric with the axis
of the shaft on which it is mounted; but between and v the needle inserts No. 2
shot, being the upper or pile binding weft. Between and w, the needle is
withdrawn out of the shed, and from w to r occurs the aforesaid short interval of
idle time for the needle, which completes the cycle of operations of cam D. The
outer bowl D¹ is mounted directly upon a lever, and the inner bowl D₁ on a spring
pressed arm attached to the lever, in order to keep both bowls to the projecting
flange or race of the cam D as indicated in the drawings, and to allow a little play
to the inner bowl, but the details of this arrangement, and the intermediate
connections between the needle and the lever (which actuates the needle) are not
shown, as they are of the ordinary and well known form used in looms of this class.
We place, however, the bowls about three and one quarter inches farther from
the pivoted end of the lever, and therefore nearer the centre of its length, which
gives greater scope in constructing the said cam for ease in the movements it
produces, and in working at an increased speed; but it will be apparent that any
skilled loom tuner can carry out this improvement in combination with
cam D.
Fig. 5 represents an improved cam E used for operating the heddle carrying
the dead warp (or stuffer) inserted in the woven fabric. This cam differs from the
cam shown in Fig. 8 of Fawcett's said Specification No. 9665 of 1893, and from
that shown in Fig. 14 of Newton's Specification No. 22455 of 1894, in that it
provides for a much longer period of levelled warps when the pile ends are pushed
through, which extended period is taken from the idle time indicated by M in the
aforesaid Fig. 8 of Fawcett's specification. In the drawing, the dead warp is
raised while No. 1 shot, or the back weft, is inserted between the points marked a

page_text: and y; and from y to 2, the warps are levelled for the pile cuds to be pushed through.
Between z and a', No. 2 shot, being the upper or pile binding weft is inserted,
while the dead warp is kept down, at which latter point the warps are levelled for
the comb to push the pile ends up to the surface. Between the points b¹ and c¹,
the dead warp is raised for the insertion of No. 1 shot or back weft; between c¹
and d the warps are levelled to allow the pile ends to be pushed through; between d¹
and e¹ the dead warp is held down while No. 2 shot, the upper or pile binding weft,
is inserted; and finally at e¹ the warps are again levelled for the comb to push up
the pile ends to the surface, the cycle of operations being repeated from x.
The three heddles, with their intervening mechanism for governing the warps,
are all as commonly used in looms of the kind above named; the movements of
the warp however, may be the same in the order of weaving as those referred to in
Claim 5 of Fawcett's said amended specification and the description appertaining
thereto; the three cams A, A' and E, being constructed to operate the said heddles
in accordance with the said movements, and adapted to work with the other
improved cams hereinbefore described; but we do not limit the application of our
present invention to the aforesaid order of weaving. The said cams are fixed on
the treadle box, which revolves at one half the speed of the main shaft, as usual in
three shot time looms; the other cams being on the main shaft.
In looms of the description named, the cam for the lay consists of a circular disc
with slots in it, in which projecting pieces are secured in the required position to
impart the movement for beating up the wefts. In adapting the sequence of
motions to the new combination, only two of these projecting pieces are now
required, instead of three as heretofore, to give two heats instead of three in the
revolution of the cam. These two pieces are adjusted and secured at unequal
intervals to suit the irregular times of inserting the wefts, and to beat them up by
the lay as they are so inserted. The intervening mechanism is unchanged. The
other motions of the loom are operated in like manner by discs with projecting
pieces, which only require suitable adjustment to adapt them to the new sequence
of motions; and as the mechanism remains the same, the required adjustment is
readily made by practical loom tuners. The slot in cam C, Fig. 3, is for
convenience in mounting and adjusting it upon the main shaft by securing it to a.
disc thereon. A suitable bridge piece closes the gap, to continue the periphery for
the bowl (shown in dotted lines) to travel upon.
The warps are arranged in sets of three threads in each split, or reed of the lay.
One thread of each set forms the dead warp, and the other two of each set form
the binding warps, and pass alternately above and below each pair of wefts, so as
to bind them and the dead warp together. Of the two shots of weft to each row
of pile (or tufts) one shot passes through each row and forins the upper or pile
binding weft, and the other forms the back weft of the fabric; the two shots of
weft with the row of pile making a complete stitch. An example of such a fabric
18 shown in Fig. 2 of Fawcett's aforesaid Specification No. 9665 of 1893.
The loom being provided with our said improved cams, and with material for
weaving, is ready for the adjustment of the various cams; and referring to the
said example of a two shot fabric in describing the weaving process, any loom
tuner will be able to adapt and adjust the mechanism to the sequence of the
motions required.
It is assumed that a complete stitch has been woven, and that the cutting of the
previous row of pile by the knives has just taken place; this releases the bobbin
in readiness for the transferring arms to take it back to the chains.
The heddles
which carry respectively the binding warp a, (as marked by reference letters in the
said Fig. 2 of Fawcett's specification, referred to above), and the dead warpb have
been raised, while the heddle carrying the binding warp a¹ has been lowered by our
improved cams A, A' and E; and the weft carrier or needle cam D-having just
passed its shortest interval-actuates the needle inserting No. 1 shot or back weft,
the lay beats it up, it also having passed its shortest interval. The lay then recedes,
the warps are put level, while in the meantime the bobbin has been taken back

page_text: to the chains by the transferring arms actuated by the improved cam C; after
which the chains have been advanced to bring the next bobbin into position by the
improved cam B. The cam C, still rotating, actuates the transferring arms which
seize the next bobbin and taking it down to the weaving point pushes the projecting
pile ends through the levelled warps, and places the said pile ends against the
previously woven row of pile. The heddles are then shifted by the improved
cams A, A and E so as to raise the binding warp a and lower binding and dead
warps a and b, (referring to, and as shown in Fig. 2 of Fawcett's aforesaid
specification), the needle is again actuated by the improved cam D to insert No. 2
shot being the upper or pile binding weft, after its longest interval of idle time.
The lay then beats it up and the transferring arms are slightly raised to draw the
required length of pile off the bobbin in the usual manner. The warps are again
levelled for the comb to push up the pile ends to the surface in the ordinary way
and the pile is cut; which brings the loom to the point of exactly repeating the
cycle of operations, except that the shifting of the binding warps is reversed, on
account of the positions of the cams A and A' on the treadle box, but in the
following cycle of operations the binding warps are again reversed to the position
first assumed; and so on.
In applying our invention to the three shot time looms, now generally used, we
alter the speed of the main shaft to run preferably from one fourth to one half
faster; but not necessarily quickening thereby all the movements of the loom in
the same proportion. By altering the said looms to repeat the tufting operations
for every two shots of weft instead of three, and by increasing the speed of the
main shaft, the output of the loom is increased, as was indicated in Fawcett's
aforesaid Specification No. 9665 of 1893; but by our present improvements the
idle time spent by the cams hitherto in use is reduced, and-owing to the easier
motions imparted by our improved cams-the idle time remaining may be run off
more quickly without detriment to the other operations. It will be seen therefore,
that the saving of time which may be obtained from the use of our invention does
not arise solely from the mere increase in the speed at which the aforesaid class of
looms may be driven in weaving two shot fabrics.
We are aware that in Newton's aforesaid specification the spool or bobbin carrier
is caused to move during certain operations of the transferring arms for the purpose
of saving time, but we make no claim thereto; and
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The herein described improvements in or relating to looms for weaving piled
or tufted fabrics, whereby two shots of weft are inserted to each row of pile in
ordinary three shot time looms by combining therewith improved cams A, A', B,
C, D and E, and adjusting the same to work in concert with the ordinary mechanism
of the said class of loom in regular sequence of the various motions required,
substantially as and for the purpose specified and shown by the drawings.
2. In looms for weaving two shots of weft for each row of pile, the combination
of the improved cam B, for working the bobbin carrier or chains, with the
improved cam C, for working the transferring arms, to work in concert with each
other, so formed and adjusted that after the bobbin has been replaced on the chains
by the transferring arins the chains at reduced speed may bring the bobbin for the
next row of pile into position in correct time for the said transferring arms to take
it down to the weaving point, substantially as and for the purpose herein described
and shown in Figs. 2 and 3.
3. In looms for weaving two shots of weft for each row of pile, the combination
of the improved cam B, for working the bobbin carrier or chains, with the improved
cam C, for working the transferring arms, so formed and adjusted that after a used
bobbin has been replaced on the chains by the said transferring arms they are
- caused to wait the required time for the chains to advance the next bobbin and

page_text: then take it from the chains and push the pile ends down through the warps for
the weaving process, substantially as and for the purpose herein described and
shown in Figs. 2 and 3.
4. In looms for weaving two shots of weft for each row of pile, the combination
of the improved cam B, for working the bobbin carrier or chains, with the improved
cam D, for working the weft carrier or needle, so formed and adjusted that a
prolonged interval of idle time of the needle coincides with the slow speed of the
advancing chains, substantially as and for the purpose herein described and shown
in Figs. 2 and 4.
5. In looms for weaving two shots of weft for each row of pile, the combination
of the improved cam C, for working the transferring arms, with the improved
cam D, for working the weft carrier or needle, so formed and adjusted that a
prolonged interval of idle time of the needle coincides with the requisite time
allotted for the transferring arms to take the bobbin from the chains to push down
the pile ends, and place them in position in readiness for the pile holding weft to
be inserted, substantially as and for the purpose herein described and shown in
Figs. 3 and 4.
6. In loomis for weaving two shots of weft to each row of pile, the combination
of the improved cam B, for working the bobbin carrier or chains, with the improved
cam C, for working the transferring arms, and the improved cam D, for working
the weft carrier or needle, so formed and adjusted that the wefts are inserted at...
unequal intervals of time, the back weft being inserted at a short interval after the
upper or pile binding weft followed by a prolonged interval of time before the
insertion of the next pile binding weft, whereby the chains and transferring arms
are caused to perform their functions in the said prolonged interval of time without
undue speed, substantially as and for the purpose herein described and shown in
Figs. 2, 3 and 4.
7. In looms for weaving two shots of weft for each row of pile, the combination
of the improved cams A and A¹, for operating the headles which carry the binding
warps, with the improved cam E, for operating the hedale carrying the dead warp,
and the improved cam B, for working the bobbin carrier or chains, so formed and
adjusted that a long period of levelled warps is provided which is adapted to coincide
with the slow speed of the chains, substantially as and for the purpose herein
described and shown in Figs. 1, 5 and 2.
8. In looms for weaving two shots of weft for each row of pile, the combination
of the improved cams A, A¹ and E, for operating the heddles carrying the warps,
with the improved cam C, for working the transferring arms, so formed and
adjusted that a long period of levelled warps is provided during which period the
said transferring arms are operated to seize a bobbin from the chains and to push
the pile ends through the said levelled warps, substantially as and for the
purpose herein described and shown in Figs. 1, 5 and 3.
9. In looms for weaving two shots of weft for each row of pile, the combination
of the improved cams A, A¹ and E, for operating the heddles carrying the warps,
with the improved cam D, for working the weft carrier or needle, so formed and
adjusted that the warps are opened at unequal intervals of time to receive the wefts
as inserted by the needle, substantially as and for the purpose herein described and
shown in Figs. 1, 5 and 4.
10. In looms for weaving two shots of weft for each row of pile, the combination
of the improved cam B, for working the bobbin carrier or chains, with the lay cam
as altered and adapted to provide prolonged interval of idle time in one of the
receded positions of the lay, and adjusted to coincide with the slow speed of the
chains, substantially as and for the purpose herein described.
a
11. In looms for weaving two shots of weft for each row of pile, the combination
of the improved cam C, for working the transferring arms, with the lay cam as
altered and adapted to provide a prolonged interval of idle tine in one of the
receded positions of the lay, and adjusted to coincide in time with the action of the
transferring arms in placing the pile ends in readiness for the pile holding weft to

page_text: be inserted and then to beat it up, substantially as and for the purpose herein
described.
12. In looms for weaving two shots of weft for each row of pile, the combination
of the improved cam D, for working the weft carrier or needle, with the lay cam
as altered, adapted, and adjusted for the lay to beat up the wefts at the unequal
intervals of time at which they are inserted by the needle, substantially as and for
the purpose herein described.
13. In looms for weaving two shots of weft for each row of pile, the combination
of the improved cams A, A¹ and E, for operating the beddles carrying the warps,
with the lay cam as altered, adapted, and adjusted for the lay to remain in both
its receded positions, while the warps are opened at unequal intervals of time to
receive the wefts, and then to beat up the said wefts after their respective insertions,
substantially as and for the purpose herein described.
14. In a loom for weaving tufted fabrics, the combination of the improved
cams A, A, B, C, D and E, with the lay cam as altered and adapted, and with the
ordinary intervening mechanism of the loom, the whole adjusted to work in the
required sequence of motions to weave two shots of weft to each row of pile,
substantially as and for the purpose herein described.
15. In a loom for weaving tufted fabrics, the improved cams A, B, C, D and E,
as and for the purpose herein described and respectively shown by the drawings
Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
Dated this 14th day of Anonst. 1896
FAIRFAX & WETTER,
433 Strand, London, Agents for the Applicants.