An INVENTION OF AN APPARATUS, MACHINE, OR INSTRUMENT, INTENDED TO BE DENOMINATED A CRIOPYRITE, BY MEANS OF WHICH POWER WILL BE VERY ECONOMICALLY OBTAINED AND ADVANTAGEOUSLY APPLIED TO THE RAISING OF WATER, AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1815

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
COLLIER, of Grosvenor Street West, Pimlico, in the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Third
did, by His Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Sixteenth
day of January, in the fifty-fifth year of His reign, give and grant unto me,
the said James Collier, my executors, administrators, and assigns, His especial
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said James Collier,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, "An
INVENTION OF AN APPARATUS, MACHINE, OR INSTRUMENT, INTENDED TO BE DENOMINATED
A CRIOPYRITE, BY MEANS OF WHICH POWER WILL BE VERY ECONOMICALLY OBTAINED AND
ADVANTAGEOUSLY APPLIED TO THE RAISING OF WATER, AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES,"
within that part of the said United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
called England, the Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
and also within all His Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, in such
manner as to me, the said James Collier, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should in our discretion seem meet; in which said Letters Patent is
contained a proviso that if I, the said James Collier, should not particularly

page_text: describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, and cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent, that then tho said Letters Patent, and all liberties and
advantages whatsoever thereby granted, should utterly cease, determine, and
become void, as in and by the said recited Letters Patent, relation being there-
unto had, may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said James
Collier, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be applied and performed, is particularly
ascertained and described as follows (that is to say) :-
I construct n furnace or furnaces, grate or grates, for containing fuel in
combustion, and closed or capable of being closed so as to be air-tight on all
sides, but provided with a flue or flues and communication or communications
for admitting atmospheric air for the purpose of keeping up combustion, together
with dampers, regulators, or other useful and well known fittings, if preferred,
and also provided with a fit aperture or apertures for allowing the heated or
chemically changed air, gas, smoke, vapour, elastic matter or flame, to escape
from the burning fuel; and farther, I make and affix in or unto each of the
said last mentioned aperture or apertures, a cock, slide, shutter, valve, or other
similar piece or pieces of mechanism, by means of which I can open or shut
the same at pleasure. And farther, I affix unto the said aperture, or each of
the said apertures if more. than one, a chimnoy, tube, or chamber directed
upwards, downwards, or obliquely, and of a cylindrical figure or otherwise (but
being air-tight), and I make the dimensions of the said chimney, tube, or
chamber, or chimneys, tubes, or chambers, such that the internal capacity
thereof shall be wholly or nearly occupied by the heated or chemically changed
air, gas, smoke, vapour, elastic matter or flame from the burning fuel or other
ignited material whensoever the communication or communications thro' the
aperture or apertures thereunto belonging shall be opened by the last men-
tioned cock, slide, shutter, or valve, or cocks, slides, shutters, or valves; and I
construct at the said upper part or termination of the said air-tight chimney
or chimneys, tube or tubes, chamber or chambers, one or more cock or cocks,
slide or slides, shutter or shutters, valve or valves, or other similar piece or
pieces of mechanism, by means of which I can open or shut the same at
pleasure. And I further declare that the operation and effect of my said
machine is produced and takes place from the action of the ignited fuel or fire
of whatsoever kind upon the air, gas, vapour, or other elastic matter, which is

page_text: contained in the said chimney, tube, or chamber, or chimneys, tubes, or
chambers, and which may be alternately confined and retained by means of the
aforesaid cock or cocks, slide or slides, shutter or shutters, valve or valves, or
other similar piece or pieces of mechanism in the said chimney or chimneys,
tube or tubes, chamber or chambers, with the ignited fuel or fire, or without it,
for if after having opened all those cocks, valves, slides, or shutters, which will
make a free passage of air into and thro' the machine and its fire chimney or
chimneys, tube or tubes, chamber or chambers, I light my fire, fuel, or other
material, and so soon as it is well ignited I suddenly and accurately close every
opening to the external air by means of the aforesaid cocks, valves, slides, or
shutters, except only an opening or openings which communicate with the said
chimney, tube, or chamber, or chimneys, tubes, or chambers, and the cylinder or
cylinders, pump or pumps, or other machinery upon which I intend to exert
my power, the air, gas, vapour, or other elastic matter which was previously
contained in the said tube or tubes, chimney or chimneys, chamber or chambers,
will, by the action of the fire, flame, or heat, dilate and expand with very great
force and rapidity, and occupy much more room or space than that compre-
hended within the said chimney, tube, or chamber, or chimneys, tubes,
or chambers, and thus generate a most useful and extensive power; but so
soon as I have taken advantage of this expansive power I close the cock, valve,
slide, or shutter, or cocks, valves, dlides, or shutters, which are between the
furnace, grate, or fire, and the tube or tubes, chimney or chimneys, and cham-
ber or chambers, and I open those cocks, slides, valves, shutters, or other
machinery which prevented the atmospheric air from having access to the fire,
by which it burns up and becomes bright, or I withdraw the fire with its grate
or furnace intirely from the same, and upon carefully closing all communication or
communications of the external air with the said chimney or chimneys, tube or
tubes, chamber or chambers, as rapidly as possible, that space which was lately
dilated and expanded now becomes cooled, contracted, and condensed, and leaves
the internal capacity or space comprehended within the said chimney, tube, or
chamber, or chimneys, tubes, or chambers, in a state approximating towards
a vacuum more or less perfect, and thus by the alternate opening and shutting
of the cocks, valves, slides, or shutters, situated as herein-before described, to a
fixed fire, furnace, grate, or ignited materials, or by alternately introducing and
withdrawing a moveable fire, with its furnace, grate, or receptacle for ignited
materials into a chamber, tube, or chimney, or chambers, tubes, or chimneys,
fitted up with proper and sufficient cocks, valves, slides, or shutters, to confine
the expanded air, gas, smoke, vapour, or other elastic matter within the said.
tube, chimney, or chamber, or tubes, chimneys, or chambers, or to prevent the

page_text: external air from getting into the aforesaid vacuum or vacuous space, or any
of them when produced, an alternate force or power will be generated, acting
first by the pressure of the dilated or expanded air, gas, vapour, flame, or other
elastic fluid upon whatever machinery may be connected therewith, and then
by the vacuum or vacuous space, both of which forces or powers may be applied
to the immediate raising of water in tubes, or by any other means to the
working of various pumps, or to the motion of a piston or pistons well fitted
in a bored or smooth cylinder or cylinders, in the usual way in which pistons
are applied within-cylinders with proper stuffing boxes, packing or otherwise,
or the furnace, grate, and fire, or ignited materials may be moved imme-
diately. from the inside of one chamber, tube, or chimney, to the inside of one
or more other chambers, tubes, or chimneys, fitted up and provided with
proper cocks, slides, valves, or shutters, situated as herein-before described,
by which means the expansive force will take place in one chamber, tubo,
or chimney, while the condensation or vacuous space is forming in
another chamber, tube, or chimney, and by connecting the said chambers,
tubes, or chimneys, by proper air-tight tubes, to the opposite sides or sur-
faces of the aforesaid piston or pistons, or other work or resistance to be
overcome, great advantages may be derived. But as the machine will-act
by the expansive force of the heated or otherwise chemically changed
air, gas, vapour,, smoke, flame, or elastic matter alone, or by the vacuum
or vacuous space to be obtained, as aforesaid, or by both conjointly, I do
declare that it may be employed in either or all these manners as may best
suit the particular case or cases immediately as a first mover, to give motion
to machinery, and to produce all the useful effects which can result from
the employment of steam, or any other elastic and expansible fluid, body,
or thing.
And I do further declare that the apparatus, machine, or instrument, con-
sisting of the several parts herein-before described, is the apparatus, machine,
or instrument, which I denominate a criopirite, by means of which, power will
economically obtained. from the expansive force, and subsequent vacuum or
vacuous space produced thereby, and may be advantageously applied to the
raising of water, and to the other useful and well known purposes heretofore
effected by means of an expansive power and a vacuum, howsoever otherwise
obtained.
And I do further declare that altho' the criopyrito will produce its
effect by the alternate opening and shutting of the communications afore-
said thro: one chimney, tube, or chamber, yet the alternate or conjunctivo uso
and operation of two or more chimneys, tubes, or chambers, may be advan-

page_text: tageously employed, so that the heated or chemically changed air, gas, smoke,
flame, vapour, or elastic matter, may constantly pass from the furnace or
furnaces, fire-place or fire-places, or receptacle for fuel or other burning
materials, and produce a greater and more continuous effect; and, further,
that whensoever during the activity of the operation of the said apparatus,
machine, or instrument, the said cocks, slides, shutters, valves, or other
similar pieces of mechanism belonging to any chimney, tube, or chamber,
or chimneys, tubes, or chambers, are opened, the atmospheric air rushes
in and destroys and counteracts the effect of the vacuum (as intended)
within the said space; and that immediately upon shutting one of the said
chimneys, tubes, or chambers, the other or others is to be opened, and
that the effect of the vacuum or vacuous space in each of the said chim-
neys, tubes, or chambers, may be made to take place either separately or in
conjunction.
And moreover I declare that I do claim and reserve to myself the right
of applying fire or heat to the criopyrite in any form or direction that
may be suited to the situation and circumstances under which the machine
may be erected, and so as to avail myself of the ordinary action and
effect of combustion, or of the reversed flame, or any other operation
by which fire, flame, or heat can be applied for the purpose of expanding
or dilating any air, gas, vapour, or elastic matter, or of obtaining a vacuum
or vacuous space, whether that fire or heat be produced, made, and main-
tained in a stationary furnace, grate, or other receptacle for ignited ma-
terials, and admitted into the chimney, tube, or chamber, or chimneys, tubes,
or chambers, by the alternate opening and shutting of any cocks, slides,
shutters, or valves, as before described, or whether the fuel, fire, or ignited
material shall be contained in a moveable furnace or grate, fire-place or recep-
tacle for ignited materials, to be alternately moved into or brought out of the
said chimney, tube, or chamber, or chimneys, tubes, or chambers, by any of
the common and well known processes for moving machinery, or whether the
said chimney, tube, or chamber, or one or more of them, shall be moveable
and brought to a fixed fire or heat, or whether the said chimney, tube, or
chamber, or one or more of them, shall, in the first instance, be filled with car-
bonated hydrogen gas or any other inflammable air or gas which may be made,
generated, or produced from the fuel, fire, or ignited materials, or from such
other ingredients as may be capable and will produce inflammable air or gas,
either by exposure to a fire or otherwise, and which inflammable air, gas,
flame, or smoke, when so produced and admitted into the said chimney, tube, or
chamber, or chimneys, tubes, or chambers, may afterwards be ignited or in-

page_text: flamed so as to produce a vacuum or vacuous space, in all which constructions
I avail myself of such good and sufficient cocks, slides, shutters, or valves, as are
commonly used, and may be most efficient for preventing the passage of any
air, gas, steam. water, or other fluid, and consider it unnecessary to describe the
exact form, positions, or places of such cocks, slides, shutters, or valves, as they
must in a great measure depend upon the local and particular situation of the
machinery, and their situations must be evident to all persons acquainted with
machinery, actuated by an alternate vacuum or vacuous space or spaces, and
the pressure or elasticity of any air, gas, steam, water, or other fluid; and I
also avail myself of immersing the chimney, tube, or chamber, or chimneys,
tubes or chambers, and the cocks, slides, shutters, or valves leading thereto, as
before described, in water or any other cooling agent, in case a more rapid
cooling, contraction, and condensation may be required than would be produced
without such means by the ordinary process of cooling and condensing in the
open air or otherwise, and that, lastly, with regard to the instruments or ma-
chines which produce their effects by means of an expansive force and vacuum
or vacuous space, such as the very numerous class of pumps, and the steam
engines of Worcester, Savary, Newcomen, Watt, and others, with the exten-
sive and multiplied uses and applications of them in modern times, I consider
that it would be scarcely possible to enumerate and describe the same, and un-
necessary because the same are in the hands of the public, and well known as
to the means of connection of the same with pipes, pistons, valves, and other
needful apparatus to all practical inen accustomed to works of this or the like
nature, but that whatever may be the kind of machinery to be connected with
a criopyrite I do employ the motion of the said machinery to perform the office
of moving the furnace or furnaces, grate or grates, or other receptacle or re-
ceptacles for containing fuel, fire, or any ignited material or materials, when
the samo may require to be moved, and of opening and shutting the needful
cocks, valves, slides, shutters, and communication at the fit and appropriate
instants of time, as before described and required to be done, and that for the
said last-mentioned purpose I do make use of such gear as is or hath been
commonly used to open and shut the valves or parts of communication in
steam engines and other machines.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Collier, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fifteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifteen.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifteenth day of July, in the
fifty-fifth year of the reign of His Majesty King Georgo the Third, the said
James Collier, came before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and
acknowledged the Instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein con-
tained and specified, in form above written. And also the Instrument aforesaid
was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made in the forty-eighth