IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR HEATING AND CIRCULATING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS AND GENERATING STEAM
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Johnson, of Oxton, in the County of
Chester, Landscape Gardener, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BOILERS FOR HEATING AND CIRCULATING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS AND
GENERATING STEAM."
Sealed the 22nd December 1868, and dated the 23rd June 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Johnson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 23rd June 1868.
I, CHARLES JOHNSON, of Oxton, in the County of Chester, Landscape
Gardener, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR HEATING AND CIRCULATING WATER AND OTHER
LIQUIDS AND GENERATING STEAM," to be as follows:→
Boilers constructed according to my Invention are suitable alike.for
circulating water or other liquids, through pipes for warming green-
houses, churches, and others places, and as steam generators; and my

page_text: improvements as means for obtaining in an inexpensive and durable
boiler occupying small space a large heating surface consist,―
First. In making the water spaces, or the steam and water spaces,
as the case may be, of two hollow cylindrical or conical rings, and one
or more connecting pipes. The one hollow ring surrounds the other,
the outer one being preferably made deeper than the inner, and there is
an annular space between the two. The said connecting tube or tubes
pass across the said annular space. Underneath the inner hollow ring
is a fire-grate of the construction hereafter mentioned under the second
head, or of any ordinary kind. The space under and within the said
inner hollow ring and over the fire-grate contains the fuel, and with
the annular space serves as the combustion chamber, all the products
of combustion being led through the latter to the escape flue and
chimney. The fuel is supplied through a door in the side or through
the inner hollow ring from the top. I prefer the latter when the boiler
is set in and nearly covered by brickwork.
Second. In constructing boilers according to the first head of my
Invention, or any other kind of boilers for the purposes mentioned, with
hollow fire-grates, through which water in communication with the
water in the body of the boiler is allowed to circulate when such hollow
fire-grate is formed with vertical or diagonal tubes therethrough to admit
air amongst the fuel from the ash-pit. The said hollow fire-grate can,
if desired, be used with separate circulating pipes as a "water boiler,"
and in this case it serves by itself as a "water boiler."
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 2
filed by the said Charles Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 22nd December 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
JOHNSON, of Oxton, in the County of Chester, Landscape Gardener,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of June; in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-second
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and

page_text: grant unto me, the said Charles Johnson, Her special license that I, the
said Charles Johnson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Charles Johnson, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR
HEATING AND CIRCULATING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS AND GENERATING
STEAM," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Charles Johnson, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Johnson, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Sheet of illustrative Drawings, that is to say :-
Boilers constructed according to my Invention are suitable alike for
circulating water or other liquids through pipes for warming green-
houses, churches, and other places, and as steam generators; and my
improvements as means for obtaining in an inexpensive and durable
boiler occupying small space a large heating surface consist,-
First. In making the water spaces, or the steam and water spaces,
as the case may be, of two hollow cylindrical or conical rings and one
or more connecting pipes. The one hollow ring surrounds the other,
the outer one being preferably made deeper than the inner, and there
is an annular space between the two. The said connecting tube or
tubes pass across the said annular space. Underneath the inner hollow
ring is a fire-grate, of the construction hereafter mentioned under the
second head, or of any ordinary kind. The space under and within the
said inner hollow ring and over the fire-grate contains the fuel, and
with the annular space serves as the combustion chamber, all the
products of combustion being led through the latter to the escape flue

page_text: '
and chimney. The fuel is supplied through a door in the side or
through the inner hollow ring from the top. I prefer the latter when
the boiler is set in and nearly or wholly covered or surrounded by
brickwork or a casing.
Second. In constructing boilers according to the first head of my
Invention, or any other kind of boilers for the purposes mentioned, with
hollow fire-grates, through which water in communication with the
water in the body of the boiler is allowed to circulate when such hollow
fire-grate is formed. with vertical or diagonal tubes therethrough to
admit air amongst the fuel from the ash-pit. The said hollow fire-grate
can, if desired, be used with separate circulating pipes as a "water
boiler," and in this case it serves by itself as a "water boiler."
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, Fig. 1 is a side elevation;
Fig. 2 a vertical transverse section; and Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6, horizontal
sections' respectively at the lines A B, C D, E F, and G HI, all of a cast
boiler, suitable for heating and circulating water or other liquid. In
all these views like letters indicate the same parts.
a is a supporting frame piece; b, outer cylindrical hollow ring or
shell; c, the inner ring, here shewn conical; d, tubes connecting b and c ;
e, fire-grate formed with tubular openings to admit air; f, outflow
pipes; g, inflow pipes; h, top cover constructed with a fuel hopper i
and flue passage; leading to the chimney k. A regulating damper is
usually fixed in the chimney. The fuel is fed from the top through i,
by preference, but it can be fed through the "teazing" doors l, and
such fuel can be burnt either from the top or bottom at will; if from
the top, air is admitted through i, and if from the bottom, air is admitted
through the doors m and the tubes formed in the fire-grate. The flames
and heated gases in this construction of boiler encounter a great extent
of heating surface, for in addition to the fire-grate and the inner surface
of the outer cylindrical ring there are the whole surface of the conical
ring and all the tubes, the numbers of which latter, as will be obvious,
may be varied. All the parts b, c, d, e, f, and g, are shewn cast in one
piece, as that is the manner of producing the boiler I prefer; nevertheless
I do not confine myself to that practice.
A boiler arranged in this manner for generating steam is built up of
plates, angle iron, and tubes, in the manner ordinarily practised, and the
boiler proper can be used either with or without the fire-grate with air
tubes. The fire-grate, cast as described, or built of tube plates, and tubes

page_text: welded, rivetted, or otherwise fastened, can be used for other con-
structions of boilers for heating purposes and for generating steam, and
can also, as stated above under the second part of my Invention, be used
with circulating pipes as a boiler for heating purposes by itself when
set in brickwork or otherwise enclosed. In the latter case I prefer to
burn the fuel from the top, so as to cause the flames and products of
combustion to pass through the tubes downwards on the way to the
escape flue or chimney.
Fig. 7 shews a vertical transverse section, and Fig. 8 a plan (the cover
being removed) of another modification of a cast boiler. a is the outer
cylindrical ring; b, the inner cylindrical ring or shell; c', tubes
connecting a¹ and 6'; d', fire-grate formed of horizontal water bars or
bars of the usual kind; e¹ is the top cover with flue space f! therein
leading to the chimney g¹; h¹ is the fuel supply hopper covered by i¹.
In a heat-retaining damper j¹ is provided; this consists of a flat platé
with a turned down inner edge. The said turned down inner edge fits
into for the greater part of its circumference a recess or groove formed
in the top of the boiler. By raising or lowering h', the screws and
nuts k being used for that purpose, the combustion of the fuel can be
promoted or checked. a supporting ring. The direction in which the
flames and heated gases pass is indicated by the arrows. m' inflow,
and n' outflow pipes.
Another modification of a boiler constructed in accordance with my
improvements is illustrated by Fig. 9, a vertical transverse section, and
Fig. 10 a view of the top, the corner being removed. Here a² is the
supporting frame or ring; 6, the outer cylindrical hollow ring or shell;
c², inner conical ring; d, tubes connecting 63 and c³; e, radial flues or
passages through ; f, fire-bars; g, top cover with flue space h*
leading to the chimney ;, heat-retaining damper, to be raised or
lowered by the screws and nuts ; &, fuel feeding hopper. The direction
of the heating flames and gases is shewn by the arrows; m² and n² are
inflow and outflow pipes respectively.
The two modifications just described and delineated by Figs. 7, 8, 9,
and 10, can be carried into effect in boilers for generating steam by
building or constructing them of plates, angle and tie rods, and tubes,
and they can be provided with ordinary water-bars with my fire-grate
herein-before described, or with common bars.

page_text: Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and par-
ticularized the same by various modifications which answer well in
practice, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to the
exact details herein described and delineated on the Drawings, as many
modifications can be made without departing from those features which
distinguish my said Invention; what I claim is,-
First. The two hollow cylindrical or conical rings combined or
arranged with connecting pipes or tubes, substantially as herein
described.
Second. The employment of the said hollow cylindrical or conical
rings in combination with a fire-grate having vertical or diagonal air
tubes, substantially as set forth.
Third. The fire-grate with vertical or diagonal tubes, by itself or in
combination with other parts for heating and steam purposes generally.
And, fourth. The combinations and arrangements of parts herein
described and illustrated on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings for
the purpose set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Johnson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
Witness,
JOHN T. KING,
Patent Agent,
Liverpool.
CHARLES JOHNSON. (L.S.)