Improvements in and relating to Steam Generators.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Oct., 1894-Accepted, 1st Dec., 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Steam Generators.
I HERMAN EMIL FRAUZ of No. 1401 Myrtle Avenue, in the City of Baltimore,
and State of Maryland, one of the United States of America, Draftsman, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to steam generators and has especial reference to that class
of water tube generators of pipe construction in which a number of tubes con-
stituting the chief heating surface are connected to headers which afford the means
of conducting the water and the steam from the tubes, as well as supplying the
tubes with water from which steam is generated, the headers in turn being connected
together by a receiver or other means into which they discharge.
the
The freedom of the circulation of the water depends in a great measure upon
form of the beaders and the disposition of the tubes which connect them. The
prevailing construction is to have the tubes disposed in horizontal rows across
the generator and the furnace, with a descending inclination of the tubes from the
front to the rear. In such constructions it is difficult to make a generator
of this description self contained so that it can be employed for marine purposes.
The object of this invention is to provide the means to make a water tube steam
generator that will be self contained, that will be compact, of medium weight,
contain ample heating surface, afford free circulation of the water, be easy of access
for cleaning or repairing, simple in construction, of great strength, combining
therewith a separator and be economical in first cost, in operation and in main-
tenance. To accomplish these important desiderata a sinuous header is devised
having an ascending inclination from the sides of the generator to the transverse
centre thereof or vice versa.
The header may be single or double, according to the size of the generator.
For large generators a single header is preferable; for small generators a double
header is preferable, and in either construction steel castings are preferred for the
headers.
The invention will be fully disclosed in the following Specification and claims.
In the accompanying drawings, which form part of this Specification Figure 1
is a perspective view of a single header and showing the front thereof. Figure 2 a
like view showing the rear of said header. Figure 3 a like view of a double
header showing the front with all the hand-hole covers removed. Figure 4 a like
view of a double header showing the rear of said header and all of these figures
show the headers on an enlarged scale compared with the remaining figures of the
drawings.
a vertical
Figure 5 represents a front elevation of a steam generator of my improved
construction, showing the headers in position on one side of the vertical transverse
centre of the generator, and the headers removed on the opposite side of said
centre, the water-drum in section and the front receiving pipe broken off to expose
the crown of the furnace or combustion chamber, and Figure 6
longitudinal section showing the separator and one water-drum in side elevation.
Reference being had to the drawings, and the letters thereon A indicates a single
header which is rectangular in form and inclined toward the vertical transverse
centre of the generator, and is provided in its front side with hand-holes a through
which the tubes are expanded and cleaned, with a hand-hole 6 through which the
nipple c which connects the header to the water conveyer is expanded in the hole d
of
in the header, and with suitable hand-hole covers e secured by dogs fand bolts
g

page_text: the usual construction; and in the rear side with holes h to receive water tubes
and which holes and tubes are arranged in groups preferably of six as shown in
Figures 2, 5 and 6, and with a hole d to receive the nipple c.
By grouping a number of small tubes a greater area of heating surface is obtained
within the same area than when large tubes are used.
B indicates a double header which is of the same general form as the header A,
is provided on its front side with hand-holes a and b, and in its rear side with
holes d d for nipples to connect the header with a conveyer, holes to receive
water tubes and with hole i in the centre to connect with a circulating pipe not
'shown between the headers.
The inclination of the headers across the generator allows the tubes to be so
disposed as to afford ample furnace room and a spacious combustion chamber and at
the same time protect the sides of the combustion chamber by intercepting the heat
at that point, thereby reducing the amount of brick work or other refractory
material necessary to protect the sides.
The headers are assembled in a generator one above another to any desired
height and in any convenient number and the front headers are connected to a
receiver or uptake pipe C by the nipple cas shown in Figures 5 and 6, and the
receiver communicates with the front end of the separator D which is located
at the top and in the transverse centre of the generator. Each rear header is
similarly connected to a corresponding receiver or down take E communicating
with a water-drum F located above the headers and on one side of the separator D.
The rear headers are arranged on a lower plane than the front headers to
provide the proper inclination of the water tubes G which connect the front and
the rear headers.
The separator D communicates with the water-drums F by means of
in front of the longitudinal centre of the separator, and by pipes Pipes H, H,
I, in the
rear of said centre, and said pipes are so connected to the water-drums that the
water flowing from the separator to the drums enters the latter about the water
line, as shown in Figure 5 and the water-drums F are connected to the receivers
or down-take pipes E by pipes K, which communicate with the drums near the
bottom thereof.
By the system of pipe connections described perfect and free circulation of the
water in the generator is maintained and the separator is contained within the
casing L of the generator.
It will be observed that the water-drums and the steam drum and separator are
all exposed to the products of combustion from the furnace, and in order to confine
and direct the gases emanating from the fuel to the water tubes G, a crown M
is interposed in the upper part of the combustion chamber and hetween the tubes
connecting the upper headers, and from the crown extends a flange N on each side
to direct the gases outward through the spaces between the tubes and upward
around the drums F.
The front headers are suspended at their inner ends from the separator D, by
rods which engage lugs on the lower headers, and at their outer ends from the
drum F by rods m which engage lugs n, as shown in Figures 5 and 6.
It is obvious that the headers may be inclined downward from the sides towards
the centre of the generator or they may be curved or sinuous without departing
- from the spirit of the invention so long as the headers are inclined, and good results
may be obtained from such constructions.
An ordinary steam and water gage O may be attached to the separator and one
of the drums as shown in Figure 5.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. A header inclined inwardly toward the transverse centre of a steam
generator and provided with openings for water circulating tubes and an opening

page_text: to connect with a water conveyer on the side toward the longitudinal centre of the
generator and with hand-holes opposite said openings.
Second. A header inclined inwardly from both sides of and toward the centre of
a generator and provided with holes in one of its walls for the reception of tubes,
hand-holes in the opposite walls, and an opening in the upper wall to communicate
with a circulating pipe.
Third. The combination of a plurality of headers inclined towards the centre of
a generator and connected at their inner ends to a receiver or up-take pipe a
separator with which said receiver communicates, and a water drum communicating
with the rear headers.
Fourth. The combination of a plurality of headers inclined toward the centre
of a generator and arranged one above the other, the front headers connected to a
receiver or up-take pipe communicating with a separator, a pair of water drums
below and on each side of the separator and connected by pipes communicating
with the lower part of the separator, and a receiver or down-take communicating
with the rear end of said drums and with the rear headers.
D
L
10th
1001
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.