IMPROVED APPARATUS CAVDE DA AND SMOKELESS COMBUSTION OF SOLID FUEL. FOR THE COMPLETE AND SMOKELESS COMBUSTION OF SOLID FU
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Felix Blazicek and Georg Wilhelm Moritz Bauer,
both of Vienna, Austria, for the Invention of "IMPROVED APPARATUS
CAVDE DA AND SMOKELESS COMBUSTION OF SOLID FUEL.
FOR THE COMPLETE AND SMOKELESS COMBUSTION OF SOLID FUEL.
Sealed the 19th February 1875, and dated the 31st August 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Felix Blazicck and
Georg Wilhelm Moritz Bauer at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 31st August 1874.
We, FELIX BLAZICEк and GEORG WILHELM MORITZ BAUER, both of
Vienna, Austria, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE COMPLETE AND SMOKELESS COMBUSTION OF
SOLID FUEL," to be as follows:-
The present Invention has for its object the smokeless, complete, and
economical combustion of all sorts of solid fuel by means of a peculiar
arrangement of furnace. The same consists of an outer shell of iron or
other appropriate material of cylindrical, conical; or other convenient
form, in the interior of. which vertical grate bars are so arranged that

page_text: their outward narrow edge touches the aforesaid shell, whilst the inner
edges form the receptacle for the fuel. These grate bars are made
higher at the foot than at the top end, that is to say, their lower end is
larger in the direction from the shell towards the centre of the furnace,
but on the other side their thickness decreases towards the foot, so as to
leave the intervening spaces wider at the lower end. The bottom of the
furnace is to be closed by a common grate or a solid plate. The grate
bars have on their sides ledges for the purpose of deflecting the rising
current of air towards the fuel. At the upper end of the bars the spaces
between the same are closed. After the filling of the furnace the fire
has to be lighted from the top.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Felix Blazicek and Georg Wilhelm Moritz Bauer
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th February 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, FELIX
BLAZICEK and GEORG WILHELM MORITZ BAUER, both of Vienna,
Austria, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto us, the said Felix Blazicek and Georg
Wilhelm Moritz Bauer, Her special licence that we, the said Felix
Blazicek and Georg Wilhelm Moritz Bauer, our exccutors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Felix Blazicek and
Georg Wilhelm Moritz Bauer, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE COMPLETE AND
SMOKELESS COMBUSTION OF SOLID FUEL," upon the condition (amongst others).
that we, the said Felix Blazicek and Georg Wilhelm Moritz Bauer,
our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our,

page_text: or their, or one of their hands and scals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
°
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Felix Blazicck and Georg
Wilhelm Moritz Bauer, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment:
The present Invention has for its object the smokeless, complete, and
economical combustion of all sorts of solid fuel by means of a peculiar
arrangement of furnace. The same consists of an outer shell of iron or
other appropriate material of cylindrical, conical, or other convenient
form, in the interior of which vertical grate bars are so arranged that
their outward narrow edge touches the aforesaid shell, whilst the inner
edges form the receptacle for the fuel. These grate bars are made
higher at the foot than at the top end, namely, their lower end is larger
in the direction from the shell towards the centre of the furnace. By
this means the area of the spaces between the grate bars becomes larger
at the bottom than at the top. The bottom of the furnace is to be
closed by a common grate or a solid plate. The grate bars have on
their sides ledges for the purpose of deflecting the rising current of air
towards the fuel. At the upper end of the bars the spaces between the
same are closed. After the filling of the furnace the fire has to be lit

page_text: furnace towards the centre is increased sufficiently towards the foot end,
the area will be augmented by this means only to the amount required.
i, i, is the horizontal grate closing the furnace at the bottom, but in the
place of it a solid plate may be introduced, provided either one or the
other be easily removable for the taking out of the ashes and slags. The
furnace having been filled with coals or fuel the latter is lit from the
top, and the combustion sustained by the air entering from between the
bars. The current of air will be increased as the fire is developed in the
upper layers of fuel, the heat now acting upon the subsequent layers a
dry distillation of the same takes place; the developed gaseous com-
pounds of the same mix with the rising air and now enter the
incandescent fuel above, so that a complete and smokeless combustion
will ensue. After the complete evacuation of the gases from the fuel
the remaining coke burning in the top layer will no more cause any
smoke. The combustion is here sustained partly by the surplus of air
rising through the fuel, partly by the air entering at the sides from
between the top ends of the grate bars. As experiments have proved
the combustion in this furnace is complete, and as much heat is
developed as the fuel in question can at all give out. After all the fuel
has been burnt ashes and slags only remain on the bottom grate or
plate, which have to be removed by opening the latter. The furnace
has then to be filled anew and the fuel to be lit again at the top, but as
the size of the former may be arranged so as to contain a considerable
quantity of fuel this does not actually cause an inconvenience.
Arrangements for burning fuel based on the principle of letting the
fire extend from the top downwards have formerly been made, especially
in stoves for warming rooms, but hitherto with only moderate success.
The described furnace however may be applied not only to stoves, but
also to steam boilers, brewing pans, in sugar manufactories, and the like.
Even for purposes of a different kind, such as for the calcining of metal
ores, the revivication of animal charcoal, and the like, the furnace 'may
be used with advantage.
It is to be observed that the vertical or upright grate bars o, o, have
to be arranged so as not to leave any space between them and the outer
shell a, b, c, d, for the purpose of preventing the air from entering in
too great a quantity above the fuel, and consequently of cooling the
flames. The air has mainly to enter into the spaces at the foot of
the grate bars, as shown by the arrows in the Drawing, to rise upwards

page_text: within these spaces, and thence to enter into the fuel or above the
same.
.
Having now described the nature and object of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same may be practically executed, we hereby
declare that we claim as new and important features of the same, the
arrangement, within a shell of iron or other suitable material and of any
convenient shape, of a number of vertical or upright grate bars o, o, o,
having the spaces 8, 8, 8, between them, larger in area at their lower ends
for the admission of air from below, but which grate bars leave no space
between their back edge and the shell, substantially as and for the
purpose described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Felix Blazicek and Georg Wilhelm
Moritz Bauer, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Twentieth day of February, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-five.