Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Rendering Textile Fabrics Waterproof by One Treatment or Process.
Year: 1890

page_text: The decision of the Chief Examiner, acting on behalf of the Comptroller, of the
29th day of August 1893, allowed, under Section 18 of the Patents, &c.
Act, 1883, au Amendment of this Specification.
Date of Application, 23rd June, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Apr., 1891-Accepted, 20th June, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Rendering Textile
Fabrics Waterproof by One Treatment or Process.
We JOHN MILLER, Senior, and JOHN MILLER, Junior, both of 14 Cunliffe
Villas, Manningham, Bradford in the County of York Dyers and Finishers, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a new and improved method of and apparatus for
rendering textile fabrics waterproof by one treatment whereby they are made more
thoroughly and permanently impervious to water than heretofore in much less
time, and consequently with less injury to colours (than by the usual prolonged or
consecutive treatments), at the same time retaining their porousness.
Two distinct processes or classification of ingredients have hitherto been
employed for this said purpose, and each process performed separately by one,
two, or three treatments. The one process being to impregnate to a greater or
less extent the fibres of the fabric with a waterproofing agent or agents soluble
in water.
The other process being to coat to a greater or less extent the fibres of the fabric
with a waterproofing agent or agents insoluble in water.
Our improved method consists in passing the fabric through both agents or
classification of ingredients at a suitable temperature in one treatment or process,
whereby the fibres of the fabric are impregnated and coated simultaneously, thus
rendering them more thoroughly and permanently waterproof.
The waterproofing ingredients soluble in water preferably employed, are :-
Alumina sulphate, lead acetate, albumen,-(egg), calcium acetate. The alumina
sulphate, and lead acetate, are dissolved separately in hot water, mixed, tested,
made neutral and filtered. The albumen is dissolved in tepid water, strained and
may be added to improve the consistency of the fabric, and the calcium acetate
may also be added to preserve the colours thereof. To this solution may be added
water to suit the requirements of the fabric operated upon.
The waterproofing ingredients insoluble in water, preferably employed are:-
Paraffin wax, Japanese wax, bees wax.
The solution of the ingredients soluble in water is placed in the first compartment
of the vessel, from which it passes into the second compartiment by an inlet placed
about three inches from the bottom until the liquid in both compartments are at a
level of about six or more inches deep.
The second compartment is partially divided into two, and in the last division
thereof is placed the ingredients insoluble in water. To keep these in a liquid form,
a steam chest or frame without top or bottom is fitted into this division extending
to within about three or more inches from the bottom, and a cylinder about
nine inches diameter is placed upon journals within the steam frame, with the
underpart immersed in the solution, and driven in unison with all other working

page_text: parts of the machine, which is actuated by elongated cone pulleys, to give variable
speeds to suit the different fabrics to be treated.
From the waterproofing machine a shaft is extended to the back end, from which
a drying machine may be driven at the same speed to dry the fabric simultaneously,
and thus prevent the usual occurance of colours being less or more injured by lying
in heaps in a moist condition.
The fabric is preferably washed perfectly clean before entering into the water-
proofing solution and for that purpose, an additional compartment is placed at the
front end of the machine, through which it passes over driven rollers above, and
under rollers (preferably splash rollers) at the bottom of the vessel, and over
expander and between two nip rollers driven at the same speed as the waterproofing
machine, to press out superfluous water. It then enters and in like manner passes
through the first compartment containing the waterproofing solution, which may be
comparatively cold. By this time the cloth is saturated with a preventative to the
colours being injured by the following warm solution, and to keep it from creases
and to freely absorb the warm solution, it may pass over expanding and suction
rollers or between nipping rollers. The cloth then passes into the next compart-
ment, the first division of which may or may not contain a film of the liquid solution
insoluble in water, floating on the top of the solution soluble in water heated to
about 150° F. and through which the cloth may pass, partially and gradually
coating the fibres, and finally passing under the division and through the body of
ingredients insoluble in water, over expansion guide rails or expander, and steam
heated or other cylinder, which may have a nip roller above fitted with graduated
pressure appliances, to press out any superfluous solution and as an additional
means to regulate the amount of waterproofing ingredients deposited within the
cloth. The fabric is then dried and may be pressed by passing it through a
progressive pressing machine.
Dated this Twenty-first day of June 1890.
JOHN E. WALSH,
Crossley Street, Halifax, Agent for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (AMENDED).
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Rendering Textile
Fabrics Waterproof by One Treatment or Process.
We JOHN MILLER, Senior, and JOHN MILLER, Junior, of 14 Cunliffe Villas,
Manningham, Bradford, in the County of York, Dyers and Finishers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:---
This invention relates to a new and improved method of and apparatus for
rendering textile fabrics waterproof by one treatment, whereby they are inade
more thoroughly and permanently impervious to water than heretofore, in much
less time, and with less injury to colours (than by 'the usual prolonged or consecutive
treatments) at the same time retaining their durability, porousness and healthfulness
to wear; and also for filling or stiffening the fabric when required.
Two distinct processes or classification of ingredients have hitherto been employed
for the purpose of waterproofing, each process performed separately, by one, two,
or more treatments.
The one process being to impregnate to a greater or less extent, the fibres of the
fabric with a waterproofing agent or agents soluble in water. The other process
being to coat to a greater or less extent the fibres of the fabric with a waterproofing
agent or agents insoluble in water.
Our improved method consists in passing the fabric through both agents or
classification of ingredients at a suitable temperature, in one treatment or process,
whereby the fabric is impregnated and coated simultaneously and expeditiously

page_text: preserving the colours, and rendering the fabric more thoroughly and permanently
waterproof, while in the same process or treatment the fabric may be filled or
stiffened without detriment to its water repellancy.
The waterproofing ingredients soluble in water and proportions (in the dry
condition), preferably employed are:-
Acetate of alumina made from alumina sulphate
Zinc acetate
Calcium acetate
Albumen
24 parts or 50 %
12 parts or 25 %
8 parts or 16%
4 parts or 8%
We
The acetate of alumina may be made as follows, but the proportions of the
ingredients would vary according to their quality or moist condition.
preferably dissolve 24 lbs. of alumina sulphate in 24 gallons of hot water, and
dissolve separately about 44 lbs. of lead acetate in 24 gallons of hot water, and add
to the dissolved alumina sulphate the requisite amount of leal acetate to make the
solution neutral by test with litmus paper or other known means, then add
3 oz. alumina sulphate dissolved as described to ensure thorough precipitation of the
lead sulphate, which may be roasted (when done with) to recover the lead, or sold
to paint manufacturers.
The clear liquor containing the acetate of alumina may be filtered free from
the lead sulphate and with the addition of the filtered washings, made up to
50 gallons.
Then dissolve 12 lbs. of zinc acetate in 25 gallons of hot water, also dissolve
8 lbs. of calcic acetate in 16 gallons of hot water; dissolve 4 lbs. of albumen
(preferably egg) in 8 gallons of water filtered if desired.
The above solutions consisting of 100 gallons, are preferably mixed together
with 300 gallons of water or like proportions in the various compartments of the
waterproofing machine, but one or more of them may be used in separate compart-
inents, and a greater or less proportion of water added to suit the various fabrics.
The waterproof ingredients insoluble in water and proportions thereof preferably
employed are:-
Paraffin wax
Japanese wax
Bees wax
-
65 parts or 65%
25 parts or 25%
10 parts or 10%
These are inelted together in the above or similar proportions in the steam
heated trough or troughs of the waterproofing machine until one or more inches of
the cylinder are immersed in the liquid.
The ingredients preferably employed for filling or stiffening the fabric are
albumen, isinglass and apparatin.
The above ingredients are all soluble in water, and may be used together or
separately with the waterproofing ingredients soluble in water in the various
compartments of the apparatus, and in the proportions requisite to meet the
requirements of the fabric being treated, but we preferably use the apparatin in a
starch mangle placed in front of and working in combination with the waterproofing
machine.
The apparatin is made as follows:-16 parts farina or other starch are mixed
with 76 parts of water, and 8 parts of caustic soda at 25° 13. is added by degrees,
stirring all the while, then neutralized with sulphuric acid, at 10° B., till litmus
paper shows no change.
We-de-not-confine ourselves to the before mentioned waterproofing ingredients
or proportions soluble or insoluble in water nor to the ingredients for filling or
stiffening the fabrics us-described, but may use one or more of such ingredients-in
ench classifiention, substitute, or omit others; or we may use similar analogous

page_text: Fig. 1 Sheet 1, and Fig. 1 Sheet 2, show front elevation of our improved
apparatus.
Fig. 2 Sheet 3, and Fig. 2 Sheet 4, show front elevation in section of our
improved apparatus.
Fig. 3 Sheet 5 shows plan of Fig. 1.
Figs. 4 and 5 are details of expanding suction tubes.
From the waterproofing machine a shaft is extended from the back end from
which a drying machine may be driven at the same speed, to dry the fabric
simultaneously, and thus prevent the usual occurance of colours being less or more
injured by lying in heaps in a moist condition.
A is the machine frame having compartments B for washing if required,
compartments C for ingredients soluble in water; D is an extra compartment for
washing off superfluous ingredients from the surface of the cloth. The fabric E
(in some classes of goods) is preferably washed perfectly clean before entering into
the waterproofing solution contained in compartments C, and for that purpose
the additional compartiments B, are or may be placed at the front end of the
machine, through which it passes over driven rollers above, and under rollers G
at the bottom of the compartments B, C and D, the rollers in compartments B
being preferably splash rollers; the cloth then passes between two nip rollers J,
driven at the same speed as the waterproofing machine, to press out superfluous
water. It then enters and in like manner passes through the compartiments C,
containing the waterproofing solution soluble in water, which may be comparatively
cold. The cloth then passes over perforated expanding and suction tubes K, K,
or between nipping rollers, afier which it then passes into the next compart-
ment D, containing water to wash off any superfluous ingredients upon the surface
of the cloth, then over other expanding and suction tubes K', K, under a heated
cylinder L, this cylinder L being driven at a slightly higher speed than the driven
rollers F, (so as to take up the slack of the cloth) and is provided with spring
tension if required so as to allow it to slip when the cloth becomes tight. The
cloth then passes over an expander H, and over a cylinder M revolving in a steam
or other heated trough N, containing the ingredients insoluble in water, the cloth
being raised or lowered upon the surface of the cylinder M by means of arms and
guide rods 0, 0, operated by worm P and worm wheel I", the cloth then passes
over the cylinder L' (operated in a like manner to cylinder L), then over tension
guide rods R to expander H2, then to a second cylinder M' within a second steam
trough N containing a solution insoluble in water, thereby imparting to the
opposite side of the cloth the solution before described the cloth being raised or
lowered upon the surface of the cylinder M by arms and guide rods 01 01,
operated as before described, or one cylinder and steam trough may be employed if
desired.
The cylinders M and M are suitably speeded by change wheels S and S',
and suitable belts T upon pulleys T.
may be
The apparatus is preferably driven from the main driving or other shaft by
means of pulleys 1, operating elongated cone pulley 2, which also operates a second
elongated cone pulley 3 immediately underneath, the speed of which
regulated by means of screwed rod 4, hand wheel 5, and fork 6; the pulley 3 drives
a horizontal shaft 7 traversing the whole length of the machine, this shaft by means
of bevel gear 8 and vertical shaft 9, gives motion to the top rollers Fit also
operates by means of vertical shafts 10, and bevel wheels 11, the cylinders L
and L before described; the nipping rollers J also receive their motion from
haft 7.
The expanding and suction tubes K, K, and K, K', are fluted diagonally upon
one side to suit one piece in breadth see Fig. 4, and upon the other side fluted for
two pieces in breadth see Fig. 5, and may be reversed by worm and worm wheel as

page_text: required, the rollers being perforated upon their peripheries, and have covers K³,
to cover up the perforations not in contact with the cloth; these rollers are
connected with a fan, exhaust, pump, or blower W, by pipes X, or other
connections, such blower, fan, exhaust, or pump, being operated (by means of gear
wheels V. pulleys Z) by the horizontal shaft 7.
:
The expanders H, H, and H' are also fluted and reversible similar to the
expanding tubes before described.
Also if desired, we may place at the back of the compartments containing the
ingredients soluble in water, one or more heated cylinders, or other suitable means
to more or less dry the fabric before it passes to the apparatus containing the
ingredients insoluble in water; at the back of this apparatus may also be placed
one or more heated cylinders over which the fabric may pass to a beaming or
cuttling down apparatus, placed at the end of the machine.
Or the fabric may pass direct from the latter heated cylinders if required to a
width fixing or expanding apparatus and may then in one continuous treatment
receive a final and durable press finish, by passing through a progressive pressing
machine such as Patent No. 187905.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we would have it understood
that we do not limit or confine ourselves to the exact construction of apparatus
herein shown and described nor to the exact method of passing the fabric through
such apparatus, nor to the exact ingredients or proportions soluble and insoluble in
water, but we declare that what we claim is :-
•
1. The use and employment of the ingredients soluble and insoluble in water, for
waterproofing and stiffening textile fabrics in one continuous process or treatment
such as, and in the manner, herein described.
2. The use and employment of compartments B, C, and D, rollers and G,
expanders H, H', and H nipping rollers J, expanding suction tubes K, and K',
covers K², two or more cylinders L and L', cylinders M and M', troughs N and N',
and tension guide rods O, O', operated in the manner and for the purposes,
substantially such as shown and described.
3. The use and employment of compartments C and D, rollers F and G,
expanders Hand H, nipping rollers J, expanding suction tubes K', covers K,
two or more cylinders Land L', cylinder M and trough N with tension guide
rods O, operated in the manner and for the purposes, such as shown and
described.
4. The general arrangement and construction of apparatus in the manner and for
the purposes, substantially such as shown and described.
Dated ond A1 1001
JOHN E. WALSH,
Agent for Applicants.

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd June, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Apr., 1891-Accepted, 20th June, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Rendering Textile
Fabrics Waterproof by One Treatment or Process.
We JOHN MILLER, Senior, and JOHN MILLER, Junior, both of 14 Cunliffe
Villas, Manningham, Bradford in the County of York Dyers and Finishers, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
-
This invention relates to a new and improved method of and apparatus for
rendering textile fabrics waterproof by one treatment whereby they are made more
thoroughly and permanently impervious to water than heretofore in much less
time, and consequently with less injury to colours (than by the usual prolonged or
consecutive treatments), at the same time retaining their porousness.
Two distinct processes or classification of ingredients have hitherto been
employed for this said purpose, and each process performed seperately by one,
two, or three treatments. The one process being to impregnate to a greater or
less extent the fibres of the fabric with a waterproofing agent or agents soluble
in water.
The other process being to coat to a greater or less extent the fibres of the fabric
with a waterproofing agent or agents insoluble in water.
Our improved method consists in passing the fabric through both agents or
classification of ingredients at a suitable temperature in one treatment or process,
whereby the fibres of the fabric are impregnated and coated simultaneously, thus
rendering them more thoroughly and permanently waterproof.
The waterproofing ingredients soluble in water preferably employed, are :-
Alumina sulphate, lead acetate, albumen,-(egg), calcium acetate.
The alumina
sulphate, and lead acetate, are dissolved separately in hot water, mixed, tested,
made neutral and filtered. The albumen is dissolved in tepid water, strained and
may be added to improve the consistency of the fabric, and the calcium acetate
may also be added to preserve the colours thereof. To this solution may be added
water to suit the requirements of the fabric operated upon.
The waterproofing ingredients insoluble in water, preferably employed are :—
Paraffin wax, Japanese wax, bees wax.
The solution of the ingredients soluble in water is placed in the first compartment
of the vessel, from which it passes into the second compartment by an inlet placed
about three inches from the bottom until the liquid in both compartments are at a
level of about six or more inches deep.
The second compartment is partially divided into two, and in the last division
thereof is placed the ingredients insoluble in water. To keep these in a liquid form,
a steam chest or frame without top or bottom is fitted into this division extending
to within about three or more inches from the bottom, and a cylinder about
nine inches diameter is placed upon journals within the steam frame, with the
underpart immersed in the solution, and driven in unison with all other working
parts of the machine, which is actuated by elongated cone pulleys, to give variable
speeds to suit the different fabrics to be treated.
From the waterproofing machine a shaft is extended to the back end, from which
drying machine may be driven at the same speed to dry the fabric simultaneously,
nd thus prevent the usual occurance of colours being less or more injured by lying
n heaps in a moist condition.
The fabric is preferably washed perfectly clean before entering into the water-
proofing solution and for that purpose, an additional compartment is placed at the
front end of the machine, through which it passes over driven rollers above, and
ander rollers (preferably splash rollers) at the bottom of the vessel, and over

page_text: expander and between two nip rollers driven at the same speed as the waterproofing
machine, to press out superfluous water. It then enters and in like manner passes
through the first compartment containing the waterproofing solution, which may be
comparatively cold. By this time the cloth is saturated with a preventative to the
colours being injured by the following warm solution, and to keep it from creases
and to freely absorb the warm solution, it may pass over expanding and suction
rollers or between nipping rollers. The cloth then passes into the next compart-
ment, the first division of which may or may not contain a film of the liquid solution
insoluble in water, floating on the top of the solution soluble in water heated to
about 150° F. and through which the cloth may pass, partially and gradually
coating the fibres, and finally passing under the division and through the body of
ingredients insoluble in water, over expansion guide rails or expander, and steam
heated or other cylinder, which may have a nip roller above fitted with graduated
pressure appliances, to press out any superfinous solution and as an additional
means to regulate the amount of waterproofing ingredients deposited within the
cloth. The fabric is then dried and may be pressed by passing it through a
progressive pressing machine.
Dated this Twenty-first day of June 1890.
JOHN E. WALSH,
Crossley Street, Halifax, Agent for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Rendering Textile
Fabrics Waterproof by One Treatment or Process.
We JonN MILLER, Senior, and JoHN MILLER, Junior, of 14 Cunliffe Villas,
Manningham, Bradford, in the County of York, Dyers and Finishers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to a new and improved method of and apparatus for
rendering textile fabrics waterproof by one treatment, whereby they are made
more thoroughly and permanently impervious to water than heretofore, in much
less time, and with less injury to colours (than by the usual prolonged or consecutive
treatments) at the same time retaining their durability, porousness and healthfulness
to wear; and also for filling or stiffening the fabric when required.
Two distinct processes or classification of ingredients have hitherto been employed
for the purpose of waterproofing, each process performed separately, by one, two,
or more treatments.
The one process being to impregnate to a greater or less extent, the fibres of the
fabric with a waterproofing agent or agents soluble in water.
The other process
being to coat to a greater or less extent the fibres of the fabric with a waterproofing
agent or agents insoluble in water.
Our improved method consists in passing the fabric through both agents or
classification of ingredients at a suitable temperature, in one treatment or process,
whereby the fabric is impregnated and coated simultaneously and expeditiously
preserving the colours, and rendering the fabric more thoroughly and permanently
waterproof, while in the same process or treatment the fabric may be filled or
stiffened without detriment to its water repellancy.
The waterproofing ingredients soluble in water and proportions (in the dry
condition), preferably employed are:-
Acetate of alumina made from alumina sulphate
Zinc acetate
24 parts or 50%
-
12 parts or 25

page_text: simultaneously, and thus prevent the usual occurance of colours being less or more
injured by lying in heaps in a moist condition.
A is the machine frame having compartments B for washing if required,
compartments C for ingredients soluble in water; D is an extra compartment for
washing off superfluous ingredients from the surface of the cloth. The fabric E
(in some classes of goods) is preferably washed perfectly clean before entering into
the waterproofing solution contained in compartments C, and for that purpose
the additional compartments B, are or may be placed at the front end of the
machine, through which it passes over driven rollers F above, and under rollers G
at the bottom of the compartments B, C and D, the rollers in compartments B
being preferably splash rollers; the cloth then passes between two nip rollers J,
driven at the same speed as the waterproofing machine, to press out superfluous
water. It then enters and in like manner passes through the compartments C,
containing the waterproofing solution soluble in water, which may be comparatively
cold. The cloth then passes over perforated expanding and suction tubes K, K,
or between nipping rollers, after which it then passes into the next compart-
ment D, containing water to wash off any superfluous ingredients upon the surface
of the cloth, then over other expanding and suction tubes K', K', under a heated
cylinder 1, this cylinder L being driven at a slightly higher speed than the driven
rollers F, (so as to take up the slack of the cloth) and is provided with spring
tension if required so as to allow it to slip when the cloth becomes tight. The
cloth then passes over an expander H', and over a cylinder M revolving in a steam
or other heated trough N, containing the ingredients insoluble in water; the cloth
being raised or lowered upon the surface of the cylinder M by means of arms and
guide rods 0, 0, operated by worm P and worm wheel P, the cloth then passes
over the cylinder L (operated in a like manner to cylinder L.), then over tension
guide rods R to expander 11, then to a second cylinder M' within a second steam.
trough N containing a solution insoluble in water, thereby imparting to the
opposite side of the cloth the solution before described the cloth being raised or
lowered upon the surface of the cylinder M by arms and guide rods 0 0¹,
operated as before described, or one cylinder and steam trough may be employed if
desired.
The cylinders M and M are suitably speeded by change wheels S and S¹,
and suitable belts T upon pulleys T.
The apparatus is preferably driven from the main driving or other shaft by
means of pulleys 1, operating elongated cone pulley 2, which also operates a second
elongated cone pulley 3 immediately underneath, the speed of which may be
regulated by means of screwed rod 4, hand wheel 5, and fork 6; the pulley 3 drives
a horizontal shaft 7 traversing the whole length of the machine, this shaft by means
of bevel gear 8 and vertical shaft 9, gives motion to the top rollers Fit also
operates by means of vertical shafts 10, and bevel wheels 11, the cylinders L
and before described; the nipping rollers J also receive their motion from
shaft 7.
The expanding and suction tubes K, K, and K, K, are fluted diagorally upon
one side to suit one piece in breadth see Fig. 4, and upon the other side fluted for
two pieces in breadth see Fig. 5, and may be reversed by worm and worm wheel as
required, the rollers being perforated upon their peripheries, and have covers K²,
to cover up the perforations not in contact with the cloth these rollers are
connected with a fan, exhaust, pump, or blower W, by pipes X, or other
connections, such blower, fan, exhaust, or pump, being operated (by means of gear
wheels V, pulleys Z) by the horizontal shaft 7.
The expanders I, II, and H2. are also fluted and reversible similar to the
expanding tubes before described.
Also if desired, we may place at the back of the compartments containing the
ingredients soluble in water, one or more heated cylinders, or other suitable means
to more or less dry the fabric before it passes to the apparatus containing the
ingredients insoluble in water at the back of this apparatus may also be placed

page_text: one or more heated cylinders over which the fabric may pass to a beaming or
cuttling down apparatus, placed at the end of the machine."
Or the fabric may pass direct from the latter heated cylinders if required to a
width fixing or expanding apparatus and may then in one continuous treatment
receive a final and durable press finish, by passing through a progressive pressing
machine such as Patent No. 1879089.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we would have it understood
that we do not limit or confine ourselves to the exact construction of apparatus
herein shown and described nor to the exact method of passing the fabric through
such apparatus, nor to the exact ingredients or proportions soluble and insoluble in
water, but we declare that what we claim is :-
1. The use and employment of the ingredients soluble and insoluble in water, for
waterproofing and stiffening textile fabrics in one continuous process or treatment
such as, and in the manner, herein described.
2. The use and employment of compartments B, C, and D, rollers F and G,
expanders H, H', and H2 nipping rollers J, expanding suction tubes K, and K',
covers K², two or more cylinders L and L', cylinders M and M', troughs N and N',
and tension guide rods 0, 0, operated in the manner and for the purposes,
substantially such as shown and described.
3. The use and employment of compartments C and D, rollers F and G,
expanders Hand H, nipping rollers J, expanding suction tubes K', covers K²,
two or more cylinders Land L', cylinder M and trough N with tension guide
rods O, operated in the manner and for the purposes, such as shown and
described.
4. The general arrangement and construction of apparatus in the manner and for
the purposes, substantially such as shown and described.
Dated 22nd April 1891.
JOHN E. WALSH,
Agent for Applicants.