IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of the Firm of Herbert and
Company, Solicitors of Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster,
Civil Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS." A commu-
nication from abroad by E. S. Piper, of Toronto, in the Dominion of
Canada
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert John Haddan at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th June 1881.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil-Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LAMPS." A communication from abroad by E. S. Piper, of Toronto, in the
Dominion of Canada.
The object of the Invention is, first, to provide a lamp which will burn brightly
without a lamp chimney, and which at the same time cannot be affected by sudden
gusts of air; and, secondly, to provide ready and effective means for securing the
lamp glass and reflector in position, so that the connection is perfectly air tight,
while the glass and reflector can be readily removed for cleaning or other purposes,
and it consists essentially of air passages and of deflectors to protect the apertures
through which the air is admitted into the lamp, and, secondly, of a sheet metal
ring rolled to form a screw fitting a corresponding screw upon the lamp where the
glass is to be inserted, and having an internally projecting flange formed for the
purpose of butting against the face of the glass, and holding it and the flanged
reflector in position when the ring is screwed on to the lamp.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Herbert John Haddan in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
28th December 1881.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LAMPS." A communication from abrond by E. S. Piper, of Toronto, in the
Dominion of Canada
The object of the Invention is, first, to provide a lamp which will burn brightly
without a lamp chimney, and which at the same time cannot be affected by sudden
gusts of air; and, secondly, to provide ready and effective means for securing the
lamp glass and reflector in position, so that the connection is perfectly air tight,
while the glass and reflector can be readily removed for cleaning or other purposes,
and it consists essentially first of an arrangement of air passages and of deflectors
to protect the apertures through which the air is admitted into the lamp, and,
secondly, of a sheet metal ring rolied to form a screw fitting a corresponding screw-
upon the lamp where the glass is to be inserted, and having an internally projecting
flange formed for the purpose of butting against the face of the glass, and holding
it and the flanged reflector in position when the ring is screwed on to the lamp,.sub-
stantially as hereafter explained. In the Drawing A is the lamp-case, inado with
an air-space between the two skins forming it, as will be seen on reference to
Figure 1; B is a chamber projecting below the caso A, and forming a receptacle to
receive the lamp C. The bottom or sides of the chamber B is perforated on each
side of the lamp C. The leg D is hollow, its top end being closed by the bottom
of the chamber B, against which it rests, as shown. The bottom of this leg D is
also closed, but is provided with a perforated false bottom E, for the purpose of
checking and diffusing in the leg the cold air admitted into it through the perfora-
tions a
A suitably formed casing extending from the bottom of the chamber B to
the leg D forms an air chamber F, into which the air admitted into the leg D is
discharged through the perforations b. From this air chamber the air escapes
through the perforations in the bottom of the chamber B into the case A. The
top of the case immediately over the burner is piorced with a circular hole leading
into the chamber G; a corresponding hole in the top of the chamber G leads into a
circular funnel H. The internal diameter of this funnel H is about the same as
that of the hole leading from the case A into the chamber G. A cone-shaped
bottom is provided for the funnel H, having however a hole of suitable diameter in
its apex. The funnel H is provided with a top, which has however a hole of
suitable diameter pierced through it immediately over and corresponding with the
hole in the cone-shaped bottom of the funnel H. The hole through the top of the
funnel H is protected by an upwardly projecting flange d. An arch-shaped
protector I is attached to the funnel H, and extends over the holo in its top. A
corresponding arch-shaped protector J, only of larger diameter, extends from the
top of the chamber G over the funnel H at right angles to the protector I. The
sides of the chamber G are perforated, which perforations are protected by the
inwardly flaring deflectors K, which extend across the chamber G in front of
the perforations referred to, and are corrugated to divide the air currents. On
reference to the Drawing, in which the lamp C is shown in section, it will be
noticed that a circular tube L extends from the burner to the bottom of the oil
reservoir, encasing the wick M, the base of the tube L being scalloped or perforated
for the purpose of permitting the oil to pass into the tube L from the oil-cup. The
oil-cup is preferably filled with wick or some other suitable material for holding
the oil, only sufficient quantity to supply the requirements of the wick M being

page_text: admitted into the tube L. The splashing of the oil out of the lamp is in this way
avoided. The stopper has a small hole through it for ventilation, and is made in
the conical form shewn, so as to prevent any oil escaping. While the principle of
my lamp might be applied to lamps of similar construction, my Invention is directed:
to the improvement of what are commonly called "tail-lamps" used on railway-.
trains. In this class of lamps the chimneys are constantly being broken, thereby
destroying the usefulness of the lamp. The lamps of this class are also subjected
to extreme draughts of air, by which the light is frequently put out. The lenses
or glasses N, which are opposite to each other, are of course of different colours,
according to the signal they are intended to convey. With the view of furnishing
a reflector for each, which at the same time will not interfere with the light, I.
place behind each lens a conically shaped reflector O, having a hole in its apex, to
permit the light of the burner to be seen through. Each of these reflectors reflects
for the lens opposite, and at the same time protects it from the color of the lens
behind which the reflector is placed, the hole in the reflector being sufficient only
to allow the flame to be seen; the flame acting as a back for each reflector prevents
the color of one reflector being seen when looking through the one opposite. As it
is important that these reflectors and lenses should be easily removed to be cleaned,
etc., they are formed and arranged in the following manner:-The glass or lens fits
within the screwed ring P, which has an internally projecting flange d formed to
receive the glass, as shewn. The reflector O has an outwardly projecting flange f,
which also fits within the ring P against the back of the glass. Gaskets of rubber
or other soft material should be placed between the ring and the glass, the glass
and the reflector, and also between the reflector and the end of the lamp against
which they are screwed. It will be noticed that the ring P is screwed to fit the
end of the lamp, and that when screwed in position with the glass and reflector
located as mentioned the end is hermetically sealed, and no wind can find its way
through the joints to affect the burning of the lamp within. In order to prevent
the ring unscrewing I apply to the ring a clip R, or some other device designed to
effect the saine purpose.
Owing to the construction of any lamp, which I have now fully described, no
lamp chimney is required, while the arrangement for the draught is of such a
character that it is utterly impossible to blow the light out without opening the
door of the casing. The cold air which enters through the perforations a passes up
through the hollow leg D and escapes into the air chamber F through the per-
forations . From this chamber it passes into the casing A through the per-
forations 6 in the bottom of the chamber B, and also through similar perforations c
in the inner casing of the lamp-case, as represented in Figure 1; by this arrange-
ment the cold air is caused to circulate in such a manner that any sudden draughts or
gusts of wind cannot reach the burner. Having supplied the burner with the
necessary oxygen the heated air passes through the hole in the top of the casing A,
and thence through the hole in the bottom and top of the funnel H, escaping
through the open sides of the arch-shaped protector I. In order to prevent sudden
gusts of wind descending into the lamp through these openings, the caps or pro-
tectors I and J are relatively placed as shewn, but as these will not be sufficient to
accomplish my purpose I perforate the sides of the chamber G, through which
perforations the wind enters the chamber G, but is directed upwardly by the
deflectors K through the cone-shaped bottoin of the funnel HI; by this arrangement
a counter draught is secured which counteracts any sudden downward draught
which might possibly be admitted through the holes in the funnel H. The space
between the two skins of the casing still further assists my object by conveying
any surplus of the downward current not arrested by the upward one to a point
below the burner of the lamp, as will be perfectly understood by reference to
Figure 1.
What I claim as my Invention is,―
1. In combination with a lamp provided with a leg which is made hollow, but
closed at both anda nonfomations made in the low nook to its heen for the purnosn

page_text: of admitting cold air with similar perforations near the top end of the leg for tho
purpose of permitting the air in the leg to escape into a specially formed chamber
below the base of the lamp by which the burner is supplied with fresh air, while
at the same time it is protected from sudden gusts of wind, substantially as
specified.
2. A double skin lamp case A having a chamber G formed on its top and con-
nected thereto, the sides of the said chamber being perforated and provided with
inwardly flaring deflectors K extending across the said chamber in front of the
perforations, in combination with the funnel H having a hole in its top protected
by the flange d, and provided with an inverted cone-shaped bottom having a hole
through it as described, and protected by the caps I and J placed at right angles to
each other, substantially as shewn, and for the purpose specified.
3. A signal lamp having lenses on opposite sides of the burner in combination
with conically shaped reflectors behind cach lens, and having a hole in their centre
to permit the light of the burner to be seen through them while each acts as a
reflector for the lens opposite, protecting it also from the color of the lens in front
of which the reflector is placed.
4. In combination with a lamp provided with an ordinary burner, an aperture
for the admission of oil having a cone shaped stopper with a vent-hole through its
centre, substantially as shewn, and for the purpose specified.
5. In a signal lamp having a circular glass, a reflector made in the form of a
frustrum of a cone flanged at its base in combination with a ring screwed to fit
that portion of the lamp where the glass is inserted, and having an internally
projecting flange formed for the purpose of butting against the face of the glass
and holding it, and the flanged reflector in position when the ring is screwed on
the lamp, substantially as shewn, and for the purpose specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Herbert John Haddan, have hereunto sct
my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of December, A.D. 1881.
HT HADDAN
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