Improvements in the Manufacture of Hollow Ware from Paper or like Pulp and in Apparatus Employed therein.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 6th July, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 5th Apr., 1890-Accepted, 10th May - 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Hollow Ware from Paper or
like Pulp and in Apparatus Employed therein.
We JAMES RAPER THAME of Two Waters Mill, Boxmoor, in the County of
Herts, Engineer, and HERBERT SANGUINETTI of 16 Old Bond Street, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to means or apparatus for the manufacture of Hollow
Ware, such as barrels, pails etcetera from paper or like pulp.
The apparatus employed has an inner perforated shell, or former, covered with
wire or other gauze, an outer case or shell not perforated but arranged to be lifted
or drawn away from the inner perforated shell; both shells have flanges or pro-
jections at one end by which they are held in place either horizontally or vertically
as may be found most advisable, the outer shell being larger in diameter and length
than the inner, provides a space for the pulp, this space determines the thickness
of the article to be formed.
The pulp is introduced preferably by means of a force pump or other means
between the two shells, a vacuum is at the same time produced in the inner shell by
suitable means. By this means the pulp is to some extent cleared of its water leaving
the pulp partially dry.
When the space between the two shells has been filled the pulp supply is
stopped and an air pressure applied to either the inside or outside of the partially
formed pulp article; by this means the pulp is finally pressed into a seamless
solid homogeneous article and can then be drawn off the inner perforated shell.
The machine may be continuously shaken whilst the pulp is being forced in,whereby
the fibres in the pulp will be more effectually knitted together.
In cases where the bottom of the article made has to be cupped or otherwise
formed this may be effected by making the end of the outer cylinder or shell move-
able, to be worked either by a screw or in manner analogous to an hydraulic plunger,
the under side of this end being made of the desired form.
Dated the fith dow of July 1889
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Hollow Ware from Paper or
like Pulp and in Apparatus Employed,therein.
We JAMES RAPER THAME of Two Waters Mill, Boxmoor, in the County of
Herts, Engineer and HERBERT SANGUINETTI of 16 Old Bond Street, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:—
This invention relates to means or apparatus for the manufacture of hollow ware,
such as barrels, pails etcetera, from paper or like pulp.

page_text: its surface communicating with the space between it and the inner surface of an inner
perforated shell or former 6 having perforations b' throughout its surface, communi-
cating with the pulp space e between its outer surface and the inner surfaces of
the outer former or shell d and the plunger f. The innermost or air chamber a is
supplied with compressed air or has its contained air withdrawn from it by means of
the pipe communicating between it and a suitable pump adapted to force or with-
draw air, but which is not shewn, it being of ordinary or suitable construction. Pulp
to the space e is supplied by means of the pipes h, ½ communicating with suitable
source of supply of pulp, which may be a pump of ordinary construction or other
suitable means of forcing in pulp, properly kept in uniform suspension in its liquid
form. 62 is a covering of fine wire gauze which may be placed over the inner shell b
to prevent the passage of pulp to within that inner shell when a vacuum is employed.
g is a bottom plate fornied with an annular wall fitting into the space e so that when
the plate g passes into the space e either by the pressure downwards of the shell d² or
the pressure upwards of that plate g it serves to compress the pulp within the space e
after the supply has been cut off by the pipes h. f is a head carried by the plunger f
fitting within the cylinder k; fs being the packing. kis a space within which
hydraulic, steam or other pressure is applied by means of the pipe communicating
with suitable forcing means. Or this head may be worked by a screw or other suitable
power.
The moisture in the pulp may be partly withdrawn by means of a vacuum
created within the inner chamber by means of the pipe i; or compressed air may be
forced in by that pipe i and the water drained out by the pipe j.
In some cases the outer shell may be perforated for use with compressed air to
extract the moisture. The outer shell may be raised or drawn off in closed parts
and it may be held in place by its flanges d', d². The head ƒ may be formed with a
projection for projection of other shapes, such as adapted for cupping the end of the
formed article of pulp hollow ware, and that head is also formed with flanges f
to facilitate its working within the shell d.
The parts instead of operating in a vertical direction as shewn may be arranged to
work horizontally or in other suitable direction.
The space between the inner perforated shell 6 and the outer shell d determines the
thickness of the finished article, and the extent to which the head f is pressed to the
inner shell b, also determines the thickness of that end of the article which generally
forms the bottom.
Although I have shewn the apparatus arranged for the pulp to be introduced by
means of a force pump, between the two shells, it may be otherwise introduced.
As soon as the pulp in suitable quantity has been introduced I find it convenient
for a vacuum to be at the same time produced in the inner shell.
By this means the pulp is to some extent cleared of its water, leaving the pulp
partially dried.
The space between the two shells b and d being filled, and the pulp supply stopped,
air pressure applied to the pulp as described presses it into a small solid homo-
geneous article, aided by the pressure of the lower plate g and head ſ, and the
parts and d being withdrawn the formed article can be drawn off the inner
perforated shell b.
If desired the apparatus may be formed so that by a double shell d, perforated
in its inner surface, air pressure may be applied to the outer surface of the article.
A tremulous or vibratory motion may if desired be imparted to the machine so as
to cause a continuous shaking whilst the pulp is being forced in, so as to give to the
fibres in the pulp a tendency more effectually to knit or associate themselves
together.
The inner surface f¹ of the head ƒ may be made removeable so as at will to cause
it to form other of a variety of shapes by substituting one part for another to cause
cupping or otherwise of that part of the formed article.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. Forming hollow ware articles from paper or like pulp, contained in a suitable
mould, by the use of compressed air to compress the pulp and force out the water
aided by compressing surfaces, and the use of vacuum, substantially as set forth.
2. The combination or arrangement and use of parts of apparatus for extracting the
moisture from paper pulp in order to form hollow ware articles with the aid of
compressed air, or compressed air and vacuum, substantially as and for the purposes
herein before described.
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicants.