IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ELECTRO MOTORS, DYNAMO, OR MAGNETO MACHINES
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Anthony Reckenzaun, of number 8 Osborne Road, Forest
Gate, in the County of Essex, Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ELECTRO MOTORS, DYNAMO, OR MAGNETO
MACHINES
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Anthony Reckenzaun at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd October 1883.
ANTHONY RECKENZAUN of Number 8 Osborne Road Forest Gate in the County
of Essex Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ELECTRO MOTORS
DYNAMO OR MAGNETO MACHINES
The object of my Invention is Firstly-To provide means by which the so called
Faucault currents set up by a mass of Metal moving in a Magnetic "field" can be
almost entirely avoided and whereby also the core of an armature constructed in
accordance with my Invention possesses the advantages of lightness combined
with efficiency And Secondly In an arrangement for increasing the magnetic
'field" of Electro Motors Dynamo or Magnetic Machines having a hollow drum
or ring armature.
In carrying out the first part of my said Invention I form or build up the core
of an armature in the following manner. I employ a number of pieces of iron
which are punched forged cast or cut out in the form of links and the latter are
connected similarly to a link or pitch chain. The Pins or Bolts connecting the
eyes of such a chain are fastened to a disc or discs of non magnetic material
mounted upon the Spindle or Shaff of the machine. The said links may be straight
curved or of other convenient configuration
In carrying out the Second Part of my said Invention I place inside of the
armature a magnet of any convenient shape it may for instance be a double
T Magnet a ring a bar or a number of Bars or Rings. An internal field magnet

page_text: according to my Invention is stationary or nearly so whilst the armature revolves
on its axis. I support or suspend the said magnet upon one or several Bearings
preferably roller bearings which rest upon the axis of the Machine and the mass
constituting the Magnet is weighted on its lowest point when the Dynamo is in
its normal position by which provision the said Magnet will be prevented from
revolving. The Magnet to be employed may be either a permanent Steel Magnet
or an Electro Magnet, the Electric current for which is transmitted through a
separate Commutator communicating with the external circuit or any portion of
the Dynamo or Motor Circuit-Or instead of either of the above I may employ
simply a soft iron core which derives its magnetism by induction from the
armature.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Anthony Reckenzaun in the Patent Office on the 18th April
1884.
ANTHONY RECKENZAUN of 8 Osborne Road, Forest Gate, London. E. in the
County of Essex, Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ELECTRO-
MOTORS, DYNAMO OR MAGNETO MACHINES.
Adverting to the first part of my said Invention as set forth in the Provisional
Specification thereof, the armature cores of dynamo or magneto machines are
usually constructed in the form of drums, cylinders, or rings; either solid, or
consisting of a number of discs, plates, or of iron wire. Such cores are necessarily
heavy; and, continuous, masses of metal revolving between magnetic poles, produce
currents (generally called Faucault currents) within themselves, which result in
heat and loss of efficiency. Whereas, in the improved construction and arrange-
ment adopted under the first part of my said invention, the production of such
currents is to a great extent avoided by virtue of the discontinuity in the iron
ring employed; and, the said improved construction and arrangement facilitates
at the same time the successive changes of polarity in the moving armature; it
also renders the weight of a core light without loss of magnetic efficiency, since
the joints between the bobbins present the requisite mass; and, it facilitates the
winding of the copper wire, because the bobbins can be placed upon the core before
the same is coiled into the form of a ring or cylinder. The iron core employed by
me consists essentially of a number of links of any convenient shape; straight,
curved, or irregular, with projections which are joined together similarly to a
pitch chain; the eyes of such links are connected by pins or rods, which may be
inade of a conducting or a non-conducting material. The said pins or rods are
supported by arms or discs fixed to the shaft with which the whole core revolves,
and the links or rods may also be insulated from the discs.
Referring to the accompanying sheet of drawings, Figure 1 is a Longitudinal
Sectional view, and Figure 2 a Transverse Sectional view of the construction and
arrangement of apparatus according to my invention. One form of my chain
core is represented therein at the parts marked A A, and such chain cores may be
employed in any kind of dynamo or magneto machine.
:
Adverting to the second part of my said invention as set forth in the Provisional
Specification thereof, the essential feature therein, consists of an internal stationary
or partly stationary magnet, the function of which is to increase the magnetic field
in which the armature revolves. Many attempts have been made to effect this by
extending or prolonging the poles of field magnets so as to surround the armature
coils as much as possible; but, the mere extensions of such poles present not only
mechanical difficulties, but they do not materially increase the intensity of the
magnetic field in most cases, such prolongations merely distribute the magnetism
over a larger surface. Siemens and others employ armatures the cores of which
are wound with wire on the external surface only, because it is the outside mass
of the wire coils which has the greatest effect in cutting the magnetic field.
Whereas, in the construction and arrangement according to my Invention, I wind
the cylindrical core of an armature inside as well as outside, with wire, similarly
as in a Gramme armature; and, in order to get the dynamic effect of the internal
part of the coils, I place a magnet inside the cylinder. This internal magnet may
have two or more poles, as required, and I suspend the same upon the armature
spindle or any projecting part of the cylinder, without allowing it to revolve with
the cylinder. This internal magnet which may either be permanent, or, excited
by a current through wire coils, may be made in the form of a ring, or cylinder;

page_text: or, it may consist of iron or steel in the shape of bars, plates, rings, or other
convenient formations. In the form shewn in the accompanying Drawing, the
internal magnet according to my Invention is made of iron plates F, F, wound
with wire, and these plates are joined to pole pieces N, S, just clearing the inside
layer of the armature bobbins. The improved magnet thus constructed and
arranged, is suspended upon two non-magnetic brackets B, B, and said- brackets
are-threaded by central holes over the spindle. Roller bearings R, R, are introduced
to reduce friction, but they are not essential, any other loose method of suspending
will answer the purpose required. The mass constituting this internal magnet is
weighted, as at J, on its lowest point when the dynamo is in its normal position,
by which provision the said magnet will be prevented from revolving, with the
armature. The said weight will, when a current passes through the armature,
assume an angular position corresponding to the magnetic poles, and it will thus
exert a magnetic pressure" or "pull" upon the internal surface of the armature,
The current in this case is led to the coils by means of wires and metal collars
fixed on the shaft but insulated therefrom; upon these collars rub the ends of the
said coils and establish the circuit. This internal circuit may also be used for
regulating the intensity of the magnetic field by increasing or decreasing, or
cutting out, the current when desirable.
:
Internal magnets as hereinbefef described and shewn, may be employed with
any hollow armature.
Having now described and illustrated my said. invention, I wish it to be
understood that I do not confine myself to the exact details shewn and described;
so long as the special character of the improvements substantially as herein
explained, be retained. :
་
But what I claim is: Firstly:-An armature core made up or consisting of a
number of links similar to a pitch chain substantially in the manner herein
described, and shewn in the accompanying drawing. Secondly:-A loosely
suspended internal magnet, whether it be a permanent magnet, an electro-magnet,
or a mass of magnetic material deriving its magnetism by induction, substantially
as herein described, and shewn in the accompanying sheet of Drawings.
In Witness whereof I the said Anthony Reckenzaun have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Fifteenth day of April, in the Year of Our Lord One Thousand
Eight Hundred and Eighty Four.
A. RECKENZAUN. (Ls.)