Improvements in Apparatus for the Manufacture of Bread and Con- fectionery, relating specially to Bakers' and Confectioners' Ovens, and Arrangements for Reversing Trays.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Feb., 1890'
Complete Specification Left, 15th Nov., 1890 Accepted'; 17th Jän.; 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for the Manufacture of Bread and Con-
fectionery, relating specially to Bakers' and Confectioners' Ovens,
and Arrangements for Reversing Trays.
I, JOHN ADAIR, Commission Agent, of the City of Waterford in the Co. Waterford,
do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
THE MANUFACTURE OF BREAD & CONFECTIONERY, RELATING SPECIALLY TO BAKERS
AND CONFECTIONERS' OVENS, AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR REVERSING TRAYS AND CUTTING
DOUGH, to be as follows:-
Now as an
In my Patent No. 12,234, 1888 I describe pipes passing thro' oven.
improvement in the working of such pipes-I pass one pipe inside another pipe,
making the heat to flow into the inside pipe first at one end, and then escape from this
into the outer pipe at the opposite end of course this inside pipe will be hottest at
the end where the heat enters first, and coolest at the other extremity where it escapes
into outside pipe-but this outside pipe will be hottest at the part where heat first.
escapes into it & thus the heat of the inside pipe, acting upon the outside pipe will
equalize its-temperature..
Also as a means of repairing. such ovens, as are described in this Patent No. 12,234-
or other outside heating ovens I make my furnace & ashpit to come in & out on
wheels-that is-I have an iron frame on which I build my furnace & on this frame I;
have door & front of furnace fastened-therefore when I want to renew a furnace I
draw out the entire furnace with ashpit ; & in case I am in a hurry with the oven can
have another furnace ready to roll in.
I close up all joints with asbestos putty also I have a girder of iron, which supports
the part of oven over furnace-so that it will stand firm during the moving in & out
of furnace.
This iron frame shd. have pretty large wheels in it-say at least 9 inches in
diameter & shd. run on fixed rails which wd. exactly move it into the position
required & consequently would withdraw it, with the same exactness as when first
setting it.
This iron frame has sides on it, which go up as far as the top of ashpit, thus giving
solidity to the structure-because of course the frame is lined inside with firebrick
say to the thickness of 9 inches on each side and then over this I build my 9 inch wall
on each side to support the covering blocks of furnace. Any little breaks or joints
that may occur from want of fit, can be filled up with fire-clay, thus rendering the
structure solid & secure.
Also as regards the reversing of trays as described in my Patent No. 15,14389
for the purpose of making a cheap, easy & for several bakehouses a peculiarly suitable
method of reversing trays I suspend over them a chain tackle which works on a
swivel-l-attach this to each end of tray, say at four points and then lift tray, say, a
few inches by means of an ordinary lifting block into which the tackle swings-tray
can be thus swung as desired.
And further, as in the cutting of dough with knives, whether set in a frame or
otherwise, the dough after being.cut sticks again together-unless it is at once seperated
by grease, or dusted with rice.
Dated this 13th day of 2 Mo. 1890.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for the Manufacture of Bread and Con-
fectionery, relating specially to Bakers' and Confectioners' Ovens,
and Arrangements for Reversing Trays.
I, JOHN ADAIR, Commission Agent, Waterford Co. Waterford Ireland, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to b.
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
In the Specification of my Patent No. 12,234 1888, I describe pipes passing through
oven. Now as an improvement in the working of such pipes or other like pipes, I
pass one pipe inside another pipe making. the heat to flow into the inside pipe first at
one end, and then escape from this into the outer pipe at the opposite end, of course
this inside pipe will be hottest at the end where the heat enters first-and coolest at
the other extremity where it escapes into outside pipe but this outside pipe will be
hottest at the part where heat first èscapes into it-and thus the heat of the inside pipe
acting upon the outside pipe will equalize its temperature.
Also, as a means of repairing such ovens as are described in the Specification of this
Patent No. 12,23488, or other outside heating ovens, I make my furnace to come in
and out on wheels; that is, I have an iron frame on which I build my furnace, and on
this frame I have door and front of furnace fastened. But when door is large and
heavy and furnace long, I prefer having door separate from the metal frame which
carries the furnace in and out of oven, as it will be more easily handled-therefore
when I want to renew a furnace, I draw out the entire furnace, and in case I am in a
hurry with the oven, can have another furnace ready to roll in.
I have a girder of iron, which supports the part of oven over furnace, so that it will
stand firm during the moving in and out of furnace.
This iron frame for removing furnace, should have pretty large wheels, say at least
six inches in diameter, and should run on fixed rails which would exactly cause it to
move into the position required and consequently would withdraw it with the same
exactness as when first setting it.
Regarding the construction of the frame it is a plain metal car with four wheels
under it, presenting on the upper side a smooth surface for brick-work or for laying
blocks on it, also has recesses in it for the sleepers on which the fire bars are to rest.
On the bottom side of it there are deep ledges projecting downwards say
six inches or more according to the depth of wheel, or weight of the furnace.
The wheels run upon rails, which are above the level of the bottom of the ledges-
thus when my furnace is pushed in the wheels and rail are protected from the ashes
and heat of furnace by the ledges-Also the ledges might be left deep enough to form
in themselves a complete ashpit-But whether they are left this length or not, it is
necessary that they should run into a groove say about two inches deep and about
two inches wide, which groove can be filled up with sand to prevent air leakages-
This refers to the side ledges of frame for carrying furnace: The back ledge has a
shelf on it, say two inches wide projecting inwards to oven, so that when frame is
about to be run in, soft mortar is placed upon this shelf, and the pressure of the furnace
when sent home spreads this mortar and makes a joint.
Of course a groove is made for this shelf to fit into and thus permit the mortar to
press and spread without hinderance.
The ledge in front of frame can only be as deep as whatever may be convenient to
permit fire to be stoked and ashpit to be cleaned out.
The front of furnace-by that I mean the metal frame which carries the furnace
doors and ash pit doors-is made securely tight and free from all danger of leakage
by the following, viz. :
On top and sides of this frame I have moveable iron ledges, say half an inch thick
by two inches wide-I have grooves on top and sides of that part of the oven where
the metal furnace door stands when in its place in oven-these grooves are say about

page_text: of an inch wide, and one inch deep. I fill these grooves with asbestos putty, or
other like material-1 then shift in the ledges which move upon sliding pins, which
tighten or slacken as required, and press the slides tight into the asbestos putty, thus
making a secure joint.
The top ledge must be off door-frame, until the two side ledges are pressed in-it
is then put on, and pressed in like manner into its groove-This is a quick and certain
method of preventing leakage in the door of oven.
These grooves are in metal frames which are set into brick-work.
Regarding the method of reversing trays in oven, for the purpose of evenly baking
bread I place in front of oven, two long rails-upon top of these I place a car and
into this car I place a double block from which tray is suspended.
The block will raise or lower the tray and the car will move it backwards or
forwards as required.
By this method I can reverse my trays for the purpose of evenly baking the
bread.
As an instance, if my oven should be hot, at one particular side or end, by drawing
my tray out of oven and reversing it, and then sending it in, reversed, of course it will
greatly assist the evenly baking-And for the purpose of taking the bread off my
trays when it is baked, or putting the bread on tray for the purpose of baking-it
will be a great advantage to have this convenient method of not only moving trays
backwards, but also of lowering or lifting them.
I have a well-finished swivel between the block that lifts tray and the chains which
catch into tray, by which means tray can be easily swung round.
SHEET I.
Fig. 1. R is rail upon which the car C. runs. S. is a well-fitted swivel, by which
tray is reversed.
A. is chain which moves the car C. by turning the pulley B. D. is chain which
lifts or lowers tray. E. is tray.
It will be understood that the car C. has four wheels on it and may be of sufficient
width to carry two trays at the same time.
Fig. 2. shows pipes.
Fis smaller pipe and G is larger pipe. H. are the supports which may be brick
walls or metal girders.
The part where the heat enters I make of brick, the walls, forming by this means a
feeding flue from furnace-and a draw off flue for pipes.
The arrows show the manner in which the heat flows.
K. is a stopper on pipe which can be taken off to clean both pipes.
Figs. 3. 4. 5. 6. & 7. represent furnace.
X. represents
Fig. 3. represents shape of girder over furnace for supporting oven.
Fig. 4. M. represents girder over furnace and which supports oven.
cross-girder which is supported at both ends on the walls of oven and keeps up the
girder M. by the tooth entering into it as shown in drawing.
Z. represents covering block over furnace. N. represents back block of furnace.
N. 2. cheek block of furnace.
A. fire-bar. T. metal platform on which furnace is run in and out. Y. projection
shelf to hold mortar.
P. metal front frame of furnace showing ledges with pins.
Q. are the side ledges which project below wheels, to enter into the bottom grooves
for sand joints.
O. is rail for oven frame to run on.
Fig. 5. P. is another view of furnace door frame showing pins with ledges, and
grooves for same to enter into.
Fig. 6. The dotted lines show girder M. which supports floor of oven, with entrance
tooth into the girder X. W. shows side walls of furnace upon which the covering
block Z. rests.

page_text: These side walls are made of brick, as when a new furnace is put in, a good many
of the bricks of the old one, will be of use again. S. W. represent fire blocks at side:
of furnace. N. is back block
Fig. 7. represents an inverted plan showing the metal frame with wheels:
L. L. represent strong studs to which chains can be attached for drawing out a
farnace.
The strong lines U..represent the ledges on furnace frame..
Having now, particularly described and ascertained the nature of this my said
invention, and in, what manner the same is to be performed;. I wish it to be distinctly,
understood, that I do not confine myself, to the precise dimensions or relative pro-
portions of the several parts herein before described; it will be readily seen that these
may be considerably varied, without departing from the invention but what I
claim is.:-
1st. In bakers and confectioners ovens the supporting of the floor thereof which is
above furnace by means of a girder or such like substantially as described and
illustrated in Figs. 3 & 4, of accompanying drawing-by which means a furnace can!
be removed and rebuilt without disturbing the part of oven above furnace.
2nd. In bakers and confectioners ovens a removable furnace substantially ast
described and illustrated by accompanying drawing. See Figs. 4. 5. 6. & 7.
3rd. In bakers and confectioners ovens the mode and means of closing joints around!
such movable furnace substantially as represented and described by shifting ledgestin
furnace door, frame connected. with grooves and side ledges which enter into sand)
grooves & shelf for mortar joint.
4th. In bakers and confectioners ovens a double pipe, which means one pipe set
inside the other, substantially in the manner described and illustrated by reference to
Fig. 2. for. the purposes mentioned:
5th. In trays for bakers and confectioners ovens the mode and means- of reversing
moving, lowering or elevating trays substantially as described and' illustrated by
reference to accompanying drawing Sheet I. Fig. 1. for the purpose set forth; viz. :
the more evenly baking bread and the more conveniently elevating and lowering tray
for the purpose of unloading and loading same:
Dated this 12th day of 11 Mo 180:3
JOHN ADAIR: