and the like.
Year: 1885

page_text: and the like.
I GEORGE SAMUEL BAKER of 58 City Road, in the county of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
t
The object of this invention is to provide a machine for baking sugar wafers
and the like which shall be as nearly as possible automatic in all its opérations
and therefore require but little attention and will for yielding its full effect require
but two attendants although even a single one would suffice to work the machine
at a slower.rate.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 shows a general elevation and
Figure 2 shows a plan with part of a casing or covering herein after mentioned
removed.
Figures 3 to 10 are details.
A is the main framing of the machine. B B are the forms tongs or irons which
are connected by links C C so as to form an endless chain and fitted with friction
rollers c c to facilitate motion. If desired the friction rollers on the tongs may be
omitted and rollers be placed on the guide for the chain of tongs or other means to
reduce friction may be employed.
The chain of tongs is guided by suitable guide bars E E¹ and is driven by
two pitch wheels F engaging with projections ƒ on the framing of each iron
or tongs.
The wheels F are mounted on a shaft F¹ which carries a toothed wheel G gearing
with the driving wheel G on the ratchet gear shaft H. The ratchet gear shaft
carries at the end opposite to the wheel G₁ a ratchet gearing of special construction
which is actuated by the eccentric rods H¹ H driven by the eccentrics H³ H* on
the main driving shaft I of the machine which is fitted with the usual belt
pulleys J.
On the top of the machine is provided a guide consisting of two rails K or their
equivalent which serve to receive between them a stud or tooth R on each tong

page_text: (as they successively pass) and by acting on the said tooth the guide K will open
and close the tongs at the right moment. The form of the guide will be understood
by reference to Figures and 2.
L L' are tubes, which lead gas and air to the burners M M by which the tongs
are heated as they pass over the burners and N is a suitable non conducting
covering or casing serving to prevent the loss of heat by radiation whilst O is
an escape pipe for the gases of combustion and the steam evolved in the cooking
process.
The endless chain of tongs travels round in the direction indicated by the arrows
and when the stud R enters between the ends of the guide rail K it has to follow
the course prescribed by the rail which is such as will be seen by reference to the
plan Figure 2 that in a short time the lid B is wide open and the interior of the
form can be got at for filling or emptying.
In the machine shown in the drawings two lids are open at the same time and
these are intended to be attended by two men, the first emptying the form of its
contents which have been baked in their journey round the machine while passing
over the gas jets, and the second man re-charging the form which the first man
has just emptied. When recharged the form passes on the guide rails reclosing
the lid which remains closed until the stud R is again caught between the rails.
The complete form is clearly shown in Figure 9 which is a cross section and
shows the guide bars E rollers c and stud R. This latter is really a stud with
a loose collar or roller upon it to diminish friction.
The lids are fastened by buttons S which pass through the slot B* in the
plate B which is secured to or forms part of the lid B. This button is the head
of the pin S upon whose other end is the star wheel T which as the form goes
round is adapted to engage with one or other of the projecting lugs or arms T of
which one is secured to the framework A at each end of the rails K. These
revolve the star wheels as they pass and so turn the buttons, the first lug Tat
the commencement of the rails freeing the lid, and the second one at the termina-
tion of the rails fastening it up again. This is clearly shown in Figure 2 where
the button S at the termination of the rail is just being fastened; and in detail in
Figures 7, 8, 9 and 10.
The operation of the ratchet mechanism is as follows:-The slotted arm h* is
pivotted upon the shaft H and is connected with the eccentric rod H¹ which is
driven by the smaller eccentric H³: the position of the rod H upon the arm h¹
is adjustable so as to allow of the length of stroke being altered. The arm h¹
carries a pawl h³ which engages with the teeth of the ratchet wheel O which
is thus kept continually moving slowly round. Upon is a projecting collar
within which is the wheel P in which are cut a few notches as shown in Figure 1.
The arm² carries a pawl h' which slides freely upon the outside of collar O, until
the space. where a small portion of the collar is removed, reaches the pawl when
it falls under the influence of a spring into one of the notches in P and carries it
round with it. The collar 0₁ has meantime moved on too far to allow of the pawl
engaging with the next notch until the collar has travelled round to the right
position again The eccentric H* is longer than H³ so as to give a sufficient turn
to P; however the proportionate sizes can be varied to suit circumstances. It will
thus be seen that wheel P drives shaft H upon which it is secured (wheel O being
loose upon the shaft), shaft H imparting such movement through the gearing
already described to the endless chain.
The movement is intermittent and the positions of the parts are so adjusted
that the pause occurs while the lids B are open as in Figures 1 and 2; this allows
time for the forms to be emptied and filled before they pass on and are closed
up again.
This method of driving is preferred for general purposes, but it is sometimes
desirable to have a slow continuous movement of the forms and in such case
the ratchet movement is dispensed with and any suitable form of slow driving
mechanism adopted such as ordinary spur gearing moving slowly,

page_text: The mechanism shown in Figures 3. 4 and 5 is a modification of the ratched
gear just described and works in the same manner; the collar O' is cut away in
two places however the rate of revolution being arranged accordingly. The
drawings will be readily understood.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. In an apparatus such as described the formation of the forms or tongs into an
endless chain for the purpose specified.
2. In an apparatus such as described the method of automatically opening and
closing the lids B substantially as specified.
3. In an apparatus such as described the intermittent driving mechanism
consisting of two pawl driven ratchet wheels O and P the latter working within
a collar such as O which revolves with the wheel O and a portion whereof is
removed for the purpose specified.
4. In an apparatus such as described the combination with the lid B of a
button S, adapted to be automatically turned so as to release or secure said lid B
as it travels substantially as specified.