Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 21st June, 1898-Accepted, 3rd Sept., 1898
I, ADOLPH BAUBER, of 143, Landsbergerstrasse, Munich, in the Empire of
Germany, Baker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :--
This invention relates to bakers' ovens and has for its object to equally distribute
and maintain equal the baking heat over the whole baking chamber or rather the
whole baking surface in baking ovens which work continuously and thereby to obtain
an even simultaneous baking-through of all the articles to be baked inserted in the
oven.
In all baking ovens hitherto employed, the drawback exists that the temperature in
the rear part of the baking chamber opposite to the feed opening is always higher
than in the front part, the reason of which is that at each opening of the door at the
feed opening the front part of the baking chamber undergoes a cooling, and also that
in consequence of the arrangement of the furnace at the end of the oven opposite
the feed opening more heat is produced at that end than in front, and finally in the
case of ovens in which there is a fixed wall rising from the front to the rear obliquely
there is always an accumulation of heat in the rear part of the baking chamber in
The result of this
consequence of the tendency of the warm air to move upwards.
is that there is always a more rapid and stronger baking of the bread in the rear part
of the oven than in the front part so that the baking has to be constantly watched
and the material to be haked constantly changed at short intervals, whilst even with
the greatest care it is impossible to always obtain a thoroughly evenly baked article.
This drawback is removed by means of the present invention and the result is
obtained that all the material placed in the oven to be baked is always baked through
simultaneously and evenly so that after the expiration of each baking period the
whole layer of the material to be baked may be taken out at one time and be
replaced by a fresh one, and thus the working is considerably simplified and facili-
tated and all the baked goods may be obtained of even quality.
The invention consists mainly in the baking box which contains the baking plate
being arranged in the baking chamber to rise obliquely from the back to the front so
that the heat in its tendency to rise upwards is always compressed towards the front,
and also by the baking box being surrounded by air chambers rising to the front and
further by flues also rising to the front so that the distribution of the heat to the
front is assisted. Some further points of the invention assisting the same object will
be mentioned later in the specification.
In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of a baking
oven arranged according to this invention which is provided with a fixed baking plate
rising obliquely from the front to the rear; Figure 2 a cross section on the line x-x
of Figure 1 and Figure 3 a longitudinal section of a modification of the furnace in
which the baking plate or hearth is arranged horizontally and made capable of being
withdrawn.
a is a furnace
a, Figure 1, is the furnace arranged at the rear side of the oven.
flue or fire passage with an obliquely rising sole a² and extending along to the front
under the floor b of the baking chamber which causes the hot gases to be conveyed

page_text: to the front end of the oven as closely as possible under the baking chamber in order
to heat the latter intensely more particularly at the front end. The floor 6 of the
baking chamber is raised or stopped upwards from the point b¹ so that under its front
part a recess or inset 62 is formed, in which the hot gases accumulate and are retained,
thus utilizing as far as possible their heat for warming the floor part of the baking
chamber. In the baking chamber above the floor b (which is heated by the chamber
floor b which is in turu heated by the furnace gases) an iron casing or box is
arranged. This contains the baking floor or plate rising obiquely to the rear from
the feed opening e formed in the front wall of the oven, and which baking plate is
formed of an iron plate covered with a fireclay covering. The bottom g¹ of the box g
is arranged at some distance from the floor of the chamber b and rises obliquely to
the front from the rear wall g2 of the box g and ends at some distance from the plate h.
The cover or lid g³ of the box g is also arranged so as to rise obliquely from the
rear to the front. In consequence of this arrangement the heat flows over and
against the chamber floor b as it has a tendency to pass upwards and along the
obliquely rising floor g¹ of the box first to the front under front part of the plate / so
that above all things this latter is intensely heated in its front part. From here the
heat rises and runs to the rear under the baking plate thus warming the same along
the whole extent.
The heat accumulating under the rear upper end of the baking plate is conducted
through openings or slots h¹ provided in the part of the iron baking plate which is
not coated with fire clay and into the chamber of the box g situated over the baking
plate and passes to the front under the cover g³ which rises to the front, thus pro-
ducing in this manner the necessary oven heat which again is the strongest in the
front parts of the baking chamber where the hot air accumulates finally as is
required. The openings h¹ may be closed or made adjustable by means of a
slide h² provided with corresponding openings in order to allow the passage of heat
from the under to the upper space to be regulated. The openings may however
be entirely omitted and the rear upper part of the iron baking plate be closed.
Said plate can then transfer the heat accumulating underneath to the chamber above
the plate by radiation or this rear prolongation of the iron baking plate may be
entirely dispensed with and the under space of the baking box may be here freely in
communication with the upper space as may be seen for instance in Figure 3.
The baking box g is enclosed behind, at the sides, and above, by a space which
also rises from the rear to the front, and conveys heat from the rear part of the oven
to the front and accumulates same at the front end over the box, thus assisting the
tendency to force the heat towards the front end from the rear part of the oven where
if left to itself it would mainly accumulate. A space or chamber i¹ is formed in the
front wall of the box g and this chamber has for its object to retain as much heat as
possible at the front end of the box over the feed opening and thereby to counteract
the cooling which takes place when the feed door is open.
The furnace passage a¹ divides at its end into two vertical flues a³, Figures 1 and 2,
in dotted lines, which extend at both sides of the baking chamber up to the upper
part of the same. From here the furnace gases pass through passages at which slope
from front to rear obliquely and cause the gases to pass to the rear end of the oven
where they come into the chimney through passages a leading vertically downwards.
The inclined position of the passages at bas for its effect to cause the fire gases to
accumulate, not as hitherto in the rear, but in the highest front part of the same
and to thereby come more into action on the front than on the rear part of the oven,
by which
means the desired action, namely compression of the heat from the
rear to the front undergoes a further considerable assistance.
In order to bring the top heat to the upper part of the baking plate in close
proximity and to maintain it over the same, a zigzag shaped intermediate cover k
may, as shown in Figure 1, be preferably arranged over the baking plate h in the
chamber of the baking box g. The heat rising from the baking plate remains stored
in the separate under projections or folds of this zigzag roof and can therefore
neither rise too far away from the plate nor escape laterally but is permanently re-

page_text: tained close to the plate and therefore maintains the baking temperature over the
plate constantly at the necessary degree. This intermediate cover thus engages the
heat pressing from the rear to the front in the baking box and radiates it downwards
against the baking plate so that the top heat comes more permanently into play on
the front part of the baking plate. This action is further facilitated if, as shown,
the separate compartments or corrugations of the intermediate cover k be filled more
or less with sand in which the heat will be accumulated. This intermediate cover,
narrowing the upper chamber of the baking box, has also the further advantage
coupled with it that less steam is necessary for moistening the baking goods.
The arrangement shown in Figure 3 corresponds fully to that shown in Figure 1
only in this case the baking plate h is horizontal and arranged so as to travel by
rollers on rails 8 so that it may be withdrawn from the baking chamber each time
it requires replenishing.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. A bakers' oven, characterized by the baking box containing the baking plate
being arranged in an inclined position rising from the rear to the front in the
baking chamber, with the object of avoiding an accumulation of heat in the rear
part of the oven so that the heat shall be constantly conveyed towards the front
and thereby an even baking temperature in all parts of the oven be obtained,
substantially as herein before described.
2. A form of construction of the baking oven herein before described, characterized
by the baking box (g) being surrounded by an air space (i) which, corresponding to
the position of the baking box, rises towards the front and conveys heat from the
rear part of the oven to the front part over the baking box with the object of assisting
the distribution of the heat towards the front, substantially as described.
3. A form of construction of the baking oven herein before described characterized
by the baking plate (h) being provided at its upper end with perforations, capable of
being closed if desired, with the object of effecting a direct delivery of heat from
the air beneath the baking plate to that directly above it and thereby to facilitate
the transference of heat to the front over the baking plate, substantially as
described.
4. A form of construction of the baking oven herein before described, characterized
by a zigzag-shaped intermediate cover being arranged over the baking plate in
the baking box, with the object of retaining the heat in the front part of the
baking box in greater proximity to the baking plate, substantially as described.
5. A form of construction of the baking oven herein before described, characterized
by two flues being arranged to rise obliquely towards the front from the rear part of
the oven with the object of accumulating the fire gases towards the front part of the
oven and thereby of supporting the heat distributing action towards the front,
substantially as described.
6. A form of construction of the baking oven herein before described, characterized
by the furnace or fire passage (a) having an obliquely rising sole (a²) and a
recess (62) in its cover with the object of conducting the fire gases closely under
the front end of the baking chamber and retaining them beneath the same, thus
causing them to come more intensely into action, substantially as described.
Dated this 20th day
T
1000
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.