IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING, LOWERING
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Heron, of South Street, Newcastle-on-Tyne,
in the County of the same, Mechanical Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING, LOWERING,
m
Sealed the 4th November 1856, and dated the 21st May 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Heron at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
May 1856.
I, GEORGE HERON, of South Street, Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the County of
the same; Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING,
LOWERING, MOVING, OR TRANSPORTING HEAVY BODIES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain arrangements and combination of wheels
and pullies, actuated by a piston and piston rods, or pistons and piston rods,
working in one or more cylinders; for tlie purpose of raising, lowering, hauling,
ór moving heavy bodies, the required power being derived from steam, com-
pressed air, gas, water, or other fluids acting upon either side of a piston or
pistons in a cylinder or cylinders. The motive power, or, rather, the agent used
to gain the pressure on the piston or pistons in the cylinder or cylinders, form no
part of my Invention. But, let it be distinctly understood, that I claim the

page_text: following, in the order herein-after described, in all its modifications, either as
a simple or compound machine, using all or such parts of my Invention as may
be desirable.
According to one arrangement, the piston rod is connected to a chain or
rope, which is coiled round a small pulley, on the axis of which pulley is fixed
a larger pulley; to this large pulley is attached the hoisting chain or rope,
which leads direct to a crane post or jib, or such other place as the effect due
to the machine is required to act upon. It will be obvious that a large amount
of chain or rope may be hauled with a comparatively short stroke of the piston,
the difference being due to the relative diameters or circumferences of the two
pullies.
By another arrangement, instead of the hauling chain or rope going direct
to crane post, or such place as before described, it passes to another separate
barrel or drum, and on the axis of the small barrel or drum is fixed a second
barrel or drum of larger dimensions, from which the rope chain passes direct
to crane post, or such place as before described.
By another arrangement, upon the axis of either small pulley or small drum
or barrel I place a toothed wheel, gearing into another toothed wheel or
pinion, and upon the axis of last wheel or pinion I place a drum or barrel to
receive the rope or chain, which passes direct to crane post, or such place as
before described.
In all these modifications the object is to obtain a multiplying motion, so
that a great haul or lift may be obtained by a comparatively short stroke of
the piston. And for the purpose of turning a crane post or jib, a railway turn-
table, or such like machinery: I claim the use of all or any part of the afore-
said arrangement and modifications as connected to a piston or piston rod
working in a cylinder. Two or more cylinders with pistons and piston rods
may be combined, so as to vary the power of the machine, by causing the
cylinders to act separately or in conjunction with each other, according to the
degree of power required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Heron in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
21st November 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HERON, of South Street, Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the County of the same, s
Mechanical Engineer, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
George Heron, Her special license that I, the said George Heron, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George
Heron, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR RAISING, LOWERING, MOVING, OR TRANSPORTING HEAVY BODIES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George Heron, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Heron, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to certain arrangements and combinations of
wheels and pullies, actuated by a piston and piston rod, or pistons and piston
rods, working in a cylinder or cylinders, for the purpose of raising, lowering,
moving, or transporting heavy bodies, the required power being derived from
steam, compressed air, gas, water, or other fluids acting upon either side of a
piston or pistons in a cylinder or cylinders; the motive power, or, rather, the
agent used to gain the pressure on the piston or pistons in the cylinder or
cylinders, forming, however, no part of Invention.
my
According to one modification of my Invention, the piston rod is connected
to a chain or rope, which is coiled round a small pulley, on the axis of which
small pulley is fixed a larger pulley; to this large pulley is attached the hoisting
chain or rope, which leads direct to a crane post or jib, or such other place
as the effect due to the machine is required to act upon. It will be obvious
that a large amount of chain or rope may be hauled with a comparatively short
stroke of the piston, the difference being due to the relativo diameters or
circumferences of the two pullies.

page_text: By, another arrangement, instead of the hauling chain or rope going direct
to a crane post, or such place as before described, it passes to another separate
barrel or drum, and on the axis of this second small barrel or drum is fixed a
second barrel or drum of larger dimensions, from which the rope or chain
passes direct to a crane post, or such-place as before described.
According to a third modification, I place upon the axis of either of the small
pullies or small drums or barrels a toothed wheel, gearing into another smaller
toothed wheel or pinion, and upon the axis of last wheel or pinion I place a
drum or barrel to receive the rope or chain, which passes direct to a crane post,
or such place as before described.
In all these modifications the object is to obtain a multiplying motion, so
that a great haul or lift may be obtained by a comparatively short stroke of the
piston. The above arrangements are applicable also to the turning of crane
posts or jibs, railway turntables, or such like-machinery. If found desirable,
two or more cylinders with pistons and piston rods may be combined, so as to
vary the power of the machine, by causing the cylinders to act, separately
or in conjunction with each other, according to the degree of power required...
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall
refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed, the
same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout all the
Figures,
Figure 1 of my Drawings represents a side elevation of one of my arrange-
ments of apparatus for raising, lowering, moving, or transporting heavy bodies;
and Figure 2 is a corresponding plan of the same.. A is a cylinder (which
may be placed at any angle, or horizontally, or vertically,) fitted with a sliding
piston and piston rod B, for the purpose of imparting motion to the hauling
or hoisting mechanism, herein-after more fully described. This cylinder is
furnished with any convenient arrangement of valve or valves suitable for
admitting. steam, compressed air, gas, liquid, or other similar medium, as a
motive force on either side of the piston, and of allowing such medium to
escape or flow out of the cylinder again when requisite. To the outer
extremity of the piston rod, or to a cross-head attached thereto, is connected one
end of the chain C, which is. wound round and attached to the small drum or
pulley D on the shaft or axis E, which works in bearings F, F, in the main
framing G of the apparatus. On the shaft or axis E is also fixed. the second
drum or pulley H, which is of considerably larger diameter than the first-
mentioned pulley D. A second chain I is secured at one end to the periphery
of the large drum or pulley H, and is wound round and attached to the third
:

page_text: small drum or pulley K on the shaft L, which works in suitable bearings at
M, M, on the under side of the main framing. A fourth drum or pulley. N, of
larger, diameter than the pulley K, is fixed on the shaft L, and to the périphery
of this pulley is secured one end of the hoisting or hauling rope or cháin O,
this chain passing direct to the crane post or jib, or to any other desired:
locality. It will thus be obvious that my apparatus consists of a reverse
arrangement of the "wheel and axle," whereby a great length of hoist or haul
is obtained by a comparatively short stroke or traverse of the actuating piston
or pistons, such difference being due to the relative diameters or circumferences
of the drums or pullies employed.
Figure 3 of my Drawings represents Diagram of another and more
simplified arrangement of hoisting or hauling mechanism, but which does not
produce such a great length of hoist compared to the stroke of the piston as
the last previously described arrangement; it may be employed, however, when
a comparatively short lift with more power is required.
According to this modification, the second chain I, and pullies K and N;
with their shaft or axis L, are dispensed with, the hoisting or hauling rope or
chain O being attached to the large drum or pulley H, and passing thence
direct to the crane post, or other desired locality.
:
In the third modification, a Diagram of which is represented at Figure 4, I
substitute a spur wheel H¹ for the large drum or pulley H, this spur wheel
gearing into a smaller wheel or pinion K', substituted for the small drum K.
The hoisting or hauling rope or chain O is attached to the large drum or
pulley N on the axis L of the spur pinion K', and passes thence direct to the
crane post or other desired locality.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to
describe or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without
deviating from the principles or main features of my said Invention; but what
I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the berein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the general combination of machinery or apparatus for raising,
lowering, moving, or transporting heavy bodies, as herein-after described.
Second, the application and use of drums, pullies, or toothed gearing in the
inverted order of the ordinary wheel and axle, or the multiplying of such,
connected directly with a piston rod or rods, for the purpose of multiplying the
extent of motion of the actuating piston, whereby the desired lift or haul

page_text: may be performed by a single stroke or a portion of the stroke of the actuating
piston.
Third, the use of one or more drums or pullies, connected separately and
directly with pistons or piston rods, actuated by any gaseous or fluid pressure,.
for the purpose of giving a circular motion to the jibs of cranes, railway turn-
tables, or other similar apparatus.
Fourth, the combining of two or more cylinders with pistons and piston rods,.
for the purpose of varying the power of the machine, to which they may be
applied by causing the cylinders to act separately in concert with each other,
according to the degree of power required.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Heron, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Nineteenth day of November, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-six.
GEORGE HERON. (L.S.)