An Improved Method or Apparatus for Lighting and Ventilating Railway Carriages and other Vehicles.
Year: 1895

page_text: This Print is in accordance with the Original Specification as it stands after
Amendment (under Section 18 of the Patents, &c., Act, 1883), as allowed
by the decision of the Comptroller General of the 17th day of August 1896.
.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Method or Apparatus for Lighting and Ventilating
Railway Carriages and other Vehicles.
J, JOSEPH MULLIGAN, of 32 Eyre Street in the City of Sheffield, Ventilator
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of my invention is to improve the artificial lighting, and ventilating
of railway carriages and the like by one and the same opening in the roof or in
the upper part of such carriages and to utilise the heat of the lamp flame to
promote ventilation.
In carrying my invention into practice I enlarge the usual roof opening and fix
thereto an air grate or perforated plate with. a. sliding, or rotating cover for closing
or covering the openings in such plate when desired: the said plate and cover
being also provided. with a central opening to receive and support the usual glass
case containing the lamp, which may have any ordinary illuminant, and above, the
lamp case I fix one or more baffle. plates, to protect (the lower plate to reflect), the
light, and, to diffuse the heat into the chamber continued. above the air grate, to
some litle distance above the roof of the carriage thus forming a; shaft. or. outlet
for the products of combustion from the lamp and also for, the vitiated air drawn
from the inside of the carriage whenever the air grate in such carriage is opened
by adjusting the aforesaid cover.
To the outer end of the air shaft I attach preferably by means of a hinge or
joint a ventilating cap or hood provided with deflectors to prevent down, drafts or
entrance of rain, and by means of the currents of the outer air induce; an exhaust
action inside of the air shaft. The area of said air shaft is varied and proportioned
to secure an uniform action under all. circumstances whether, of, combined, action of
lamp and ventilating grate or of either operation alone.
.
Dated this 28th-day of December 1895.

page_text: An Improved Method or Apparatus for Lighting and Ventilating
Railway Carriages and other Vehicles.
I, JOSEPH MULLIGAN of No. 32 Eyre Street in the City of Sheffield,
Ventilator Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My present invention consists in a novel method of combination of an exhaust
ventilator with the usual form of roof lamp as ordinarally placed to the roof of
railway carriages the whole apparatus being adapted for use with the customary
circular opening as used for lighting only.
In putting my invention into practice, I either enlarge the roof opening or,
when permissible, bring the lamp globe a little distance below the underside of
roof to provide an annular space into which to draw air from the interior of the
compartment or carriage, in or below the opening I fix an air grate or perforated
plate with a sliding or rotating cover for closing or covering the openings in such
plate when desired: the said plate and cover being also provided with a central
opening to receive and support the usual glass case containing the lamp, which
may have any ordinary illuminant, above the lamp case I fix one or more baffle
plates to protect (the lowest may also reflect) the light, and to diffuse the heat
into the chamber formed above the air grate and continued to some litle distance
above the roof of the carriage thus forming a shaft or outlet for the products of
combustion and also for the vitiated air drawn from the inside of carriage
whenever the air grate in such carriage is opened by adjusting the aforesaid
cover.
To the outer end of the air shaft I attach, preferably by means of a hinge or
joint, a ventilating cap or hood provided with deflectors to prevent down drafts or
entrance of rain, and by means of the currents of the outer air induce an exhaust
action inside of the air shaft and thereby draw the vitiated air from the
carriage.
.
The area of the said air shaft is to be varied, restricted, or proportioned to
secure an uniform action under all circumstances whether of combined action of
lamp and ventilating grate or of either operation alone.
The drawings annexed illustrate the adaptation of my invention to a railway
carriage lamp opening.
Fig. 1 is an elevation (one half of which is sectional) of a complete apparatus
arranged with the lamp case placed a little below roof.
Fig. 2. is a plan of one half of the parts below roof line showing ventilating
grate and deflectors.
The roof A, has the opening therein lined and protected by a metal tube, a,
having a flange for fixing to roof and forming a hinge or joint, b, to which is
secured the ventilator or hood, c, beneath which may be fixed a baffle plate or
deflector, d, the openings therein, d', being proportioned to the ventilator and to
the compartment to be ventilated; the air grate, e, is fixed to underside of roof
and both the grate and its cover, f, are perforated or have openings, O, therein,
for admission of air from compartiment, the lamp case, y, may be either plain as
shown, or it may be corrugated or have hollows or openings for admission of air
formed around or in its upper part, the cover, h, may be enamelled or otherwise
prepared to operate as a reflector of light as well as a deflector of air currents,
while above this is mounted a cylindrical guard or deflector, i, for the purpose of
preventing injurious cross currents immediately above the lamp.
I would have it understood that my invention is not to be restricted to the

page_text: specific forms and parts as hereinbefore mentioned, as these may be modified as to
form, and be differently arranged and combined according to different conditions
or to meet special cases, for instance the known form of ventilator cap shown at
Fig. 3 may be used.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
The combination of parts consisting of an exhaust ventilator cap surmounting
an airshaft formed or fixed in the roof opening of a railway carriage or like
vehicle with a system of air grate cover and deflectors all arranged for use with
ordinary lamp and constituting a ventilating and lighting apparatus, substantially
as herein described and illustrated.
Daku
ISAAC BECK,
Sheffield, Agent for the Applicant.