IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Richardson, of the Town and County of
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Chemist, John James Lundy, of Leith, in the
County of Mid Lothian, North Britain, Colour Manufacturer, and Robert
Irvine, of Magdalen Chemical Works, in the said County of Mid Lothian,
Manufacturing Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Richardson, John
James Lundy, and Robert Irvine at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 19th September 1863.
We, THOMAS RICHARDSON, of the Town and County of Newcastle-upon-
Tyne, Chemist, JOHN JAMES LUNDY, of Leith, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, Colour Manufacturer, and ROBERT IRVINE, of Magdalen
Chemical Works, in the said County of Mid Lothian, Manufacturing Chemist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE EXTRACTION OR MANUFACTURE OF OILS FROM VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of the application of the liquid substances known as
turpentine substitutes, or of the application of spirits of turpentine, or of any
mixture of turpentine substitutes and spirits of turpentine, to the extraction of
the oils contained in any vegetable substances, for example, cotton seed,
linseed, and rape seed, and the cakes made from these seeds. The oils extracted

page_text: by the means aforesaid may be used either in combination with the solvent or
solvents employed without distillation, or the compound may be distilled so as
to obtain the oil from the solvent or solvents, and the solvents may be used
again in the extraction of other portions of oil from fresh quantities of the raw
materials.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Richardson, John James Lundy, and Robert Irvine
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th March 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
RICHARDSON, of the Town and County of Newcastle-on-Tyne, Chemist, JOHN
JAMES LUNDY, of Leith, in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain, Colour
Manufacturer, and ROBERT IRVINE, of Magdalen Chemical Works, in the
County of Mid Lothian, Manufacturing Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Thomas Richardson, John James Lundy, and Robert Irvine, Her
special license that we, the said Thomas Richardson, John James Lundy, and
Robert Irvine, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said Thomas Richardson, John James Lundy, and Robert Irvine,
our executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE EXTRACTION
OR MANUFACTURE OF OILS FROM VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Thomas Richardson, John James Lundy,
and Robert Irvine, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our bands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of them
or us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas Richardson, John James
Lundy, and Robert Irvine, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,

page_text: and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say:-
Our Invention consists in the extracting the oil contained in certain vege-
table substances, such, for instance, as cotton seed, linseed, rape seed, colza
seed, hemp seed, poppy seed, mustard seed, olives and palm, or other oil pro-
ducing nuts by means of the solvent power contained in the volatile, hydro-
carbons obtained from petroleums or other earth oils, and similar volatile
hydrocarbons obtained from asphaltum oil, coal oil, or shale oil, such hydro-
carbons for the purposes of this Invention being required to be volatile under
212° Fahrenheit.
And in order that this Invention may be fully understood, we shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the manner in which the same may be
used or carried into effect.
We introduce the vegetable substances to be operated upon, which had
better be previously crushed by any of the well-known methods at present in
use, or the refuse cakes from the processes at present in use by seed crushers,
into one or a series of vessels capable of being closed or sealed so as to prevent
the evaporation of the solvent or solvents employed, and these vessels we call
extractors. The solvent or solvents, either in a cold or warm state, are then
run into the same vessel or vessels, and dissolve out or extract the oil by solu-
tion from the vegetable substances or materials operated upon. The solvent
or solvents containing the oil or oils in solution are then run off into a sepa-
rate vessel or closed receiver, and a fresh portion of the solvent or solvents
employed is run into the extractors.
The second application of the solvent or solvents is generally sufficient to
complete the extraction of the oil from the vegetable substances operated upon,
if necessary, however, further applications of the solvent or solvents may be
made until the oil is partially extracted from the vegetable substances under
treatment; the residue remaining in the extractor may be then heated by
means of steam to expel the solvents in a state of vapour from the residue or
vegetable substances, such vapour being condensed with the steam introduced,
and the solvent separated so as to be again used for operating upon fresh
portions of the vegetable substances or materials firstly herein-before men-
tioned. In order to facilitate the operation, the vegetable materials to be
operated upon and the solvent may be either or both of them warmed previous
to or during their use. In order to separate the oil contained in solution from
the solvent, the solvents containing the oil in solution may be heated in a
separate vessel by means of steam introduced through coils of pipes, which by
heating the mixed solution of solvents and fixed oils drive off the volatile

page_text: hydrocarbons or solvents, which, being caused to pass through a coil of pipes
surrounded with cold water, are condensed, and may again be used for the
purpose of treating fresh portions of vegetable matters or substances, so that
the original solvent in this process may be used with only slight loss for
repeated operations. We desire it to be understood that we do not claim as
novel any part of the apparatus above described, and we are aware that other
apparatus of a well-known nature may be usefully employed for the purposes
of this Invention, but we have described the above as having been found prac-
tically efficient, neither do we consider our Invention practically applicable to
the extraction of essential or volatile oils, such as lavender, but what we claim
as the Invention secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is, the mode of extracting the fixed oil contained in vegetable sub-
stances, such as seeds and nuts, by means of the solvent properties of the
volatile bydrocarbons herein-before mentioned.
In witness whereof, we, the said John James Lundy and Robert Irvine,
on behalf of ourselves and the said Thomas Richardson, have hereunto
set our hands and seals, the Seventeenth day of March, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-four.
JOHN J. LUNDY. (L.S.)
ROBERT IRVINE. (L.S.)
JOHN J. LUNDY. (L.S.)
ROBERT IRVINE. (L.S.)