Combined Press and Fluid Pressure Intensifying Apparatus.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Combined Press and Fluid Pressure Intensifying Apparatus.
I, WALTER CLAUDE JOHNSON, of The Dignaries, Westcombe Park, in the County
of Kent, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to presses to enclose any object or body, or to support
a jig or container enclosing such object whilst it is being subjected to heavy fluid
pressure, and to combined apparatus for intensifying the said pressure.
It is specially applicable in cases where owing to a certain amount of leakage it
would not be practicable to obtain the heavy pressure by a steady augmentation,
as might be the case where ordinary hydraulic pumps are used.
The press may be utilised as the container but I preferably make the container
separate and place it between the two parts of the press which may be brought
together by means of toggle joints, levers, screws, wedges or any of the well known
methods.
To the framework of the press I attach a cylinder fitted with a plunger as for
an ordinary hydraulic pump, the cylinder communicating by a short pipe or
passage with the container. By means of a blow delivered on the plunger the
pressure is raised in the cylinder and in the apparatus with which it communicates.
The blow may be given by a falling weight, or by the stroke of a steam or
other hammer, or by the action of springs or a steam piston.
In making my steam hydro-compressor I preferably use a series of toggle joints
actuated by a steam piston to close the press, the same steam piston actuating the
plunger.
The ends of the toggle levers I connect to a crosshead which is loose on the
piston rod, so that the latter can be moved independently of the toggles, which I
hold in the closed position by means of clips.
The cylinder containing the liquid I attach to the framework of the press and
the plunger is connected directly to the piston rod.
To obtain the effect of a blow I first open a relief valve on the cylinder contain-
ing the liquid, admit steam quickly behind the piston allowing it to reach a good
momentum, and then I suddenly close the relief valve, confining the liquid.
I also arrange that the movement of the press face automatically makes the
joint between the container and the cylinder containing the liquid.
Dated this 6th day of September 1897.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Combined Press and Fluid Pressure Intensifying Apparatus.
I, WALTER CLAUDE JOHNSON, of The Dignaries, Westcombe Park, in the County
of Kent, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
-
My invention relates to presses to enclose any object or body, or to support
a jig or container enclosing such object whilst it is being subjected to heavy fluid
pressure, and to combined apparatus for intensifying the said pressure.
It is specially applicable in cases where owing to a certain amount of leakage it
would not be practicable to obtain the heavy pressure by a steady augmentation,
as might be the case where ordinary hydraulic pumps are used.
The press may be utilised as the container but I preferably make the container
separate and place it between the two parts of the press which may be brought
together by means of toggle joints, levers, screws, wedges or any of the well known
methods.
To the frame work of this press I attach a cylinder fitted with a plunger as for
an ordinary hydraulic pump, the cylinder communicating by a short pipe or
passage with the container. By means of a blow delivered on the plunger the
pressure is raised in the cylinder and in the apparatus with which it communicates.
The blow may be given by a falling weight, or by the stroke of a steam or
other hammer, or by the action of springs or a steam piston.
In making my steam hydro-compressor I preferably use a series of toggle joints
actuated by a steam piston to close the press, the same steam piston actuating the
plunger.
The ends of the toggle levers I connect to a crosshead which is loose on the
piston rod, so that the latter can be moved independently of the toggle, which I
hold in the closed position by means of clips.
The cylinder containing the liquid I attach to the framework of the press and
the plunger is connected directly to the piston rod.
To obtain the effect of a blow I first open a relief valve on the cylinder contain-
ing the liquid, admit steam quickly behind the piston allowing it to reach a good
momentum, and then I suddenly close the relief valve, confining the liquid.
I also arrange that the movement of the press face automatically makes the
joint between the container and the cylinder containing the liquid.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of one construction of apparatus according to
this invention.
Figure 2 is a plan, and
Fig. 3 an end elevation of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1.
Figure 4 is a side elevation of a detail.
Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.
Upon a base A are carried at one end two pairs of massive gables B and at the
other a steam cylinder C.
Each gable B is securely bolted to the base A and the two members of each pair
are tied together at the top and bottom by tie-bolts B¹.
The two gables farthest from the steam cylinder C are provided with a facing Ba
extending across the gap between the two gables as seen in Fig. 2. Opposite this
is a movable block B3 forming the other press-face and through which the pressure
is exerted upon the container or jig. If desired; the container or jig may be dis-
pensed with and the facing blocks B3 133 grooved or otherwise prepared to receive
the object to be treated.

page_text: It is preferred however to employ a jig formed of two blocks or frames D D¹
between which the object is placed. They are prepared for the reception of say
a cycle frame by having grooves formed in their adjacent surfaces so as to form,
when the two pieces D and D' are brought together, a matrix within which the
frame lies enveloped.
Motion is imparted to the movable press-face B³ through a duplicated system
of toggles and cranks from the cross-head C² secured upon the piston-rod. C' which
is actuated by steam in the cylinder C operating the piston C³.
The system illustrated consists of a link or connecting rod E, a pair of cranks
or levers F, upon a shaft F and a toggle G.
The cranks Fare preferably formed in one with the shaft F which is carried
on trunnions at F2 in the two adjacent gables B. The connecting rod E connects
the crank pins F3 with a block H. which can be coupled to and made to travel with
the cross-head C².
The toggle G has two rounded ends G¹ which accurately fit into rounded recesses
in the press-face B3 and, in the crank shaft F1, these recesses forming the thrust
bearings when the toggle is in compression.
The toggle is held in position by pins G2 whose axes are in line with the axis
of curvature of the recesses to which they are respectively adjacent. There are
four pins two being carried by ears on the shaft F and two by ears B* on the
press-face B³. These pins serve for the withdrawal of the press-face B3 but do
not take the thrust during compression this thrust being taken as already stated by
the surface of the recesses in which the two rounded edges of the toggle G are
bedded.
The connecting rod E is pivottally secured by a pin E¹ to the block H the
block H having a curved bearing surface H' against which the cross-head C³
thrusts, the cross-head being provided with a surface to correspond with and
receive the surface H₁.
The complete system of toggle, crank and connecting rod is duplicated one
system operating upon the upper and the other on the lower part of the press-
face B3 thus ensuring parallel motion and symmetry of the forces at work.
The extended portion C3 of the piston rod passes freely through the block II
its end forming the plunger of the hydraulic pump K.
Upon the block H are pivottally secured two hooks L which are adapted to
engage in the position shown in Figs. 1 and 2 to engage with pins C upon the
crosshead and, in the closed position of the press, with the pins B5 upon the
adjacent gables B. In order to effect this readily each hook is made double having
two engaging ears L', as best seen in Fig. 1.
The stationary press-face B2 has a recess B° in which a portion of a screwed
shaft M is housed; the shaft M is operated by a hand-wheel M¹.
The shaft passes through a brass nut N¹ at the end of the recess B6 in one half
of the jig D and serves to slide it in and out from between the press-faces B³ B³.
The jig is preferably mounted on rollers D³ as shown and guided by a rod O
carried by the upper gable-bolts B¹. A projection N³ upon the jig half D slides
upon the rod 0.
The other half D¹ of the jig is.detachable from the half D and is arranged to
be carried, when the jig is pushed out from between the press faces, upon a
traveller T running on rails U by the side of the press
This traveller is shown in side elevation in Figure 4 with the portion D¹ of
the jig in situ upon it.
Motion is imparted to the traveller which is carried on wheels U¹ by the hand
wheel T which operates a cog wheel U by means of a 'belt T3. The wheel Us
engages a rack U³ placed between the rails U.
Pivotted hooks To serve to attach the half-jig D¹ to the traveller and yet readily
allow of its release. The hooks are coupled together by a link T and may be
simultaneously operated by the lever T5.
Steam exhaust valves to the cylinder C are controlled by hand wheels S and S¹.

page_text: The valve gear is operated by a hand wheel Q¹ by which the screwed spindle Q is
rotated and the nut Q2 caused to travel along it, thus actuating the valve.
The operation of the press is as follows;-The object to be subjected to fluid
pressure having been placed in position in one half of the jig the half carried by
the traveller is brought up and the two halves secured together, the press being
open.
The jig is then drawn into position between the press faces by means of the
screw M and hand wheel M. Steam is then admitted to the cylinder C so as to
drive the piston to the position shown in Figure 1. This movement of the piston
closes the press owing to the cross-head C³ thrusting the block H forward and so
operating the connecting rod E, crank F and toggle G. There is at this stage no
water in the pump K, and outlet for the air is afforded by leaving the discharge
valve open.
As the press closes the spigot K2 enters an orifice in the object to
be expanded and makes fluid tight connection therewith by means of hydraulic
cup leathers or packing such as is described in my Application for Patent
numbered 20452 of 1897, or by other suitable means.
When the press has been closed as just described, the hooks L are thrown over
so as to engage the pins B5 and lock the press.
Steam is now admitted to the other side of the piston C5 thus withdrawing the
plunger C from the pump K but leaving the block H attached to the gables B
and the press closed.
Water is now supplied to the pump K and through the spigot K2 to the interior
of the object in the jig, outlet for the air contained in the object being provided
by holes closable by screws, at the top or in any convenient manner.
The pump
and object being full of liquid and the said outlets for air being all closed, a dis-
charge valve on the pump K is opened and at the same time steam is again
admitted behind the piston C thus driving water out of the pump through the open
discharge valve. When the parts have acquired the desired velocity this valve is
suddenly closed with the result that a very rapid and very great rise of pressure
is occasioned within the pump and parts in fluid connect therewith, this sudden rise
of pressure producing an effect analogous to that of a blow. To prevent the
pressure rising beyond the safe or desired limit, a relief valve of any well known
construction is connected to the pump.
In cases where leakage is small, for instance where packing of the kind described
in my Application for Patent numbered 20452/97 is used it is not necessary to
obtain the effect of a blow and satisfactory results may be obtained by steady
augmentation of the pressure, and in these cases the opening and sudden closing
of a discharge valve may be dispensed with.
The hooks L are now thrown back so as to engage the pins C³, and steam
admitted to the front of the piston, thus opening the press.
The jig is now withdrawn by operating the hand-wheel M¹ the object is removed
from the jig and the press is ready for the next operation.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. In a press having a power cylinder whose piston rod acts as a plunger for
the application of the hydraulic pressure the combination therewith of mechanism
connected with the piston rod for operating the movable portion of the press.
2. In a press having a power cylinder whose piston rod acts as a plunger for▸
the application of hydraulic pressure the combination with a movable face of the
press of a hydraulic pump carried thereby.
3. In a press having a power cylinder whose piston rod acts as a plunger for
the application of the hydraulic pressure the combination with the power cylinder
whose piston rod operates the hydraulic pump of a block such as H adapted to
slide upon the piston rod and to be alternately connected thereto or to a fixed
part of the machine substantially as described.

page_text: 4. In a press having a power cylinder whose piston rod acts as a plunger for
the application of hydraulic pressure the combination with a movable portion of
ibe press of a conduit for the fluid under pressure which upon closure of the press
automatically makes a fluid tight connection with the object contained therein.
5. In a press having a power cylinder whose piston rod acts as a plunger for the
application of the hydraulic pressure obtaining the effect of a blow by the sudden
closure of a valve substantially as described.
6. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the complete press
and fluid pressure generator substantially as described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
Dated this 5th day of July 1898.
W. CLAUDE JOHNSON.
Boult & Wade,
Agents for the Applicant.