Improvements in Apparatus for Spraying or Diffusing Fluids' and Moistening Air in Workshops and other Places, and for like purposes.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 16th July, 1897-Accepted, 4th Sept., 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Spraying or Diffusing Fluids'
and Moistening Air in Workshops and other Places, and for like
purposes.
I, MORIZ MAX JAENNIGEN of IV Heugasse 58 Vienna in the Empire of Austria,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention relates to an apparatus for spraying or diffusing fluids and
moistening air in workshops and other places and for like purposes and consists in
the construction and arrangement of the suction casing and also of the atomizer
and diffuser arranged inside the said casing.
The casing is so arranged that the water which is not atomized, as well as the
larger particles of water, are discharged from the interior wall of the casing to outside,
the said casing closely beneath that part of the interior of the casing with which the
water discharged by the atomizer is brought into contact, so that any large particles
of water are prevented from passing down the interior of the casing, in such a
manner as to absorb considerable quantities of the properly atomized water; and
these large particles of water, as well as that which is not atomized are caused to pass
to the outside immediately beneath that part of the interior of the casing whereonto
the water is forced so as to immediately be taken out of contact with the air current
and properly atomized water traversing the interior of the casing.
The said casing therefore differs materially from casings hitherto used, in which
the water, not atomized or properly atomized, is only discharged just above the catch
tank, whereby not only is a considerable portion of the properly atomized water
reabsorbed and carried away with the said unatomized water or improperly atomized
water but water which is not properly atomized is conveyed into the atmosphere to
be moistened.
In order that the water which is not atomized and the larger particles of water
shall be deflected and discharged immediately beneath the place where the liquid
from the atomizer is forced into contact with the inside of the casing, the said casing
is interrupted or has slots or openings all round immediately beneath the part with
which the water from the atomizer cones in contact, which can be done by making
the casing in two or more parts, a free annular space being left between them and
they being arranged underneath one another or the one partly inserted into the other
so that the upper part overlaps the inner part.
In the accompanying drawings I have illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3 in vertical
section as exainples three constructions of casings according to my Invention.
The casing consists of the upper portion G¹ enclosing the atomizer and diffuser Z.
In the arrangement Figure 1 this portion G¹ is widened out just below the place
where the liquid strikes the interior of the casing this widened portion extending
down outside the upper part of the second portion G2 of the casing, the upper edge
or rim of which second portion extends to near the inner outwardly extending side of
the portion G¹ so as to leave a free space between both portions of the casing for the
deflection and discharge of the water not atomized or not properly atomized.
The portion G may either have its lower edge also widened out similarly to the

page_text: part G¹ and receive an analogous portion G' and this latter another portion if desired
and so on, or the said portion G2 may, as represented in Figure 3, extend down to the
catch tank F.
In the arrangement shewn in Fig. 2 the portions G1 G2 G3 G4 constituting the
casing are in the form of truncated cones and are so inserted into one another that
the respective edges overlap each other as shewn, annular free spaces being left
between each adjacent two of them.
The constituent portions of the casing may be simply cylindrical or of any other
suitable shape and they may be plain or be provided with bent or turned over edges
as desired.
The edge or rim of the portion lying nearest to the catch tank F is turned upwards
so as to form a catch groove or channel for the. deposited water, from which channel
the water passes into the catch tank or into the return conduit.
1f,
The space inside the casing is of the same cross sectional area throughout in the
arrangement Fig. 1, and gradually decreases in the arrangement Fig. 2; in the
former case the speed of the induced air current remains uniform, whilst in
the latter case the said current increases in proportion as the space lessens.
however, the closely adjacent edges of the portions G¹ and G' be first turned outwards
and then inwards, as shewn in Fig. 3, the induced air currents will first expand in
the wider part and subsequently be compressed in the narrower part, whereby a very
efficient flow and supply of air is attained.
In all cases the water not atomized, as well as the large particles of water, are
discharged to the outside of the casing immediately beneath the part of the interior
of the casing whereunto the water from the atomizer is forced, and the said water is
consequently rapidly removed from contact with the air currents and the properly
atomized water, so that the properly atomized water is prevented from being absorbed
and carried away by the said unatomized or improperly atomized water.
Figures 4 to 16 represent atomizing and diffusing devices, suitable for use in the
said casing the said devices including a hollow and preferably bottle-shaped body A,
against which a water jet w impinges in a straight line at a pressure which is in
accordance with the purpose for which the device is intended. The central core w¹
The
of the liquid jet w (the said core being shewn by a solid black line) penetrates the
bottle-shaped body A, which is filled with water up to its mouth m¹ and the entering
water loses its vis viva and displaces an equal quantity of water from the vessel A,
which steadily and evenly leaves the bottle mouth m¹ over the edge k without forming
a vortex, and without any concussion, joins veil or spray c and is atomized.
liquid veil or spray c is formed at the edge k of the bottle mouth by the outer jet wa
impinging against the edge of the mouth m₁. According, as either a plate shaped
liquid spray or veil c or liquid cone c respectively, or an upwardly or downwardly
directed spray or cone is required, the edge of the mouth m₁ is either flattened out
broadly as shewn in Fig. 5 or is formed conically inwards as shewn in Fig. 6 or is
formed conically outwards or slightly flattened as shewn in Fig. 4.
In all cases, however, the liquid veil or spray c is formed directly on the mouth-
edge of the hollow body A, whilst the central stream of water remains completely
separated from the exterior mantle wa of the jet of water forming the veil or cone c
on which the atomizing and diffusing effect takes place, so that consequently the said
core is not, as in the case of simple solid or slightly cut out recoil bodies or counter
current nozzles (against which the jet is caused to impinge) forced back upwardly
thereby causing the suction cone to be, as it were, lifted off the recoil surface.
The suction cone thus is forced down upon or along the mouth edge of the hollow
body, whereby alone it is rendered possible to thoroughly atomize the displaced
water which passes over the edge.
This atomizing effect takes place equally around the circular line of the mouth
edge and is therefore extremely uniform and complete. To further facilitate a steady
and uniform out flow of the displaced water, there can be arranged axially in the
interior of the hollow body A a pin 8 terminating in a point (Figure 5) or a small
tube open at its bottom (Figure 6) upon which point (Figure 5) the water is forced

page_text: and thereby rapidly spread out or divided or into which tube the water enters and
disperses itself therein, (Figure 6) whilst in both cases any too-strong concussion of
the water accumulated in the interior of the hollow body is prevented.
The hollow bottle-shaped body A, by an arrangement such as is shewn in Figure 7,
offers a simple means for multiplying the liquid veil c to any extent by providing the
bottom b of the bottle with a bore m, co-axial with the mouth m, and of a diameter
in accordance with the thickness, of the liquid spray to be produced. The liquid core w₂
within the bottle shaped part V for instance has solely to overcome the resistance
offered by the liquid itself, if the bore m, be equal to, or larger than, m, (Figure 7)
and in this case the second liquid spray c¹ becomes stronger than would be the case,
if m, were sinaller than m₁. According to the purpose assigned to the nozzle, the
above described multiplication of the liquid sprays may be effected any number of
times, whilst, on the other hand, the nozzles may receive any other appropriate
construction. Speaking generally by inserting n.multipliers Vni sprays or veils
of liquid will result. The total amount of water of all the ni sprays of liquid is
equal to the amount of liquid supplied from the primary nozzle m (Figure 8). The
effect of the multipliers V, which merely serve to split off a 2nd. 3rd. (and so on)
spray of water, and may therefore simply take the form of a body with cylindrical or
conical bore (Figure 9) is, that the water is more perfectly atomized, for, each of the
several separate water sprays has its own atomizing effect.
Figure 10 represents the combination of two single jet nozzles acting with their
respective mouths m' and m" against one duplex bottle shaped body A A¹ common
to each. The top nozzle acts analogously to that represented in Figure 4 and the
bottom nozzle analogously to that represented in Figure 6.
As in the presence of equally wide apertures (m' =m", and m₁'=m₁") the liquid
pressures in the double bottle A A¹ upon the diaphragm S are opposite and equal to
Such
one another, the said diaphragm may be omitted as shewn in Figure 11.
compound nozzles may of course be likewise fitted to the above described
multipliers V, in which case a large number of combined effects will result as is for
If the diaphragm of Figure 10 be
example represented in Figures 12 and 13.
omitted, it is possible to readily vary the thickness of the respective veils or sprays of
liquid by simply varying the respective widths of the apertures m₁' and m₁".
Figure 14 exemplifies this case, in which m' is supposed to be larger than m³
m, larger than m₁"; m' larger than m₁', and m" larger than m₁"; the upper cone of
liquid is the stronger and is as such marked by lines more distended.
Figure 15
represents a bottle nozzle of the kind described with reference to Figure 4; this
nozzle however acts from an annular jet mouth m so that, supposing m to be larger
than m₁, the water veil or spray is formed, as in the above described bottle nozzles, by
the outer ring wa of the jet, which impinges against the edge of the bottle shaped
body A, whilst the inner jet or core wi enters, through the preferably annular bottle
mouth m₁, into the bottle shaped body A filled with water, placed under the same
working pressure, and displaces a quantity of water corresponding to its volume,
which water as it is displaced, passes over the edge of the bottle shaped body A and
A pin' s
is then received by the water veil or spray and jointly atomized therewith.
secured in A and extending partly over the mouth m, into the nozzle mouth m
proper, will, for example, offer a means for producing the two annular apertures m
and m. Especially in cases where non-homogeneous liquids or liquids and air, or
liquids and gases are to be thoroughly mixed, atomized and diffused, a jet nozzle, as
represented in Figure 16, may be employed, which likewise acts on the principle
described with reference to Figure 15, but is provided with a small tube e projecting
to a suitable extent into and below the mouth m₁ of the bottle A, for the purpose of
separately introducing any heterogeneous liquid or air or a gas to be admixed and
jointly atomized and diffused with the water veil or spray C, so that in this case the
nozzle has two separate conduits c and e for the liquids and gases to be mixed and
atomized. When constructed in the manner hereinbefore described the nozzle will
act so long as the pressure in the conduite is either greater than, or equal to, the
pressure in the conduit c. For cleaning the nozzle, the bottle shaped body A-which
.

page_text: is connected to the conduit c by means of a bracket B, can be turned about the
hinge q, arranged in B, so as to occupy the position shewn in dotted lines, and be
then removed from the aperture m.
As illustrated, the hollow body A of the described atomizer and diffuser in all
cases, either enables the core of the liquid jet, discharged from the nozzle connected
with the supply conduit, to freely pass through, or it completely absorbs the core
in its interior, without causing the same to be forced back and without causing the
water spray or veil to be lifted off, this distinguishing the atomiser or diffuser from
those in which only slightly cut out or otherwise shaped recoil bodies or recoil bodies
hollowed out for other purposes, as, for example, that forming the subject of the
English Patent No. 21206 of A.D. 1893 are employed. The thin tube described
and shewn in the specification of the said patent is not applicable in the atomizing.
and diffusing apparatus forming the subject of my Invention.
Although for the purposes of description I have referred to water it will be
understood that any other fluid to the spraying or diffusing of which the apparatus
is applicable can be used in place of water.
described
Having now particularly
and ascertained the nature of mv
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In an apparatus for the purposes referred to a casing enclosing an atomizer
or diffuser, in which casing the un-atomized water is prevented from flowing down
the interior of the casing and so interfering with the properly atomized liquid, and
in which casing the larger particles of liquid are prevented from being carried off
by the air currents, this being effected by deflecting and discharging the said
un-atomized water and large particles of water to the outside of the casing
immediately beneath the place where the liquid discharged from the atomizer meets
the interior of the casing, substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. In an apparatus such as is covered by the preceding claiming clause a casing
in portions (G1 G2 &c.) with outwardly extending edges or rims overlapping the
following or adjacent portion substantially as and for the purpose herein before
described.
3. In an apparatus such as is covered by the first claiming clause a casing made
in portions having the edges or rims, the one lying within the other, first bent
outwards and then inwards, for the purpose of first attaining an expansion and
subsequently a compression of the air currents, substantially as and for the purpose
herein before described.
4. In an apparatus for the purposes described an atomizing or diffusing device
having a hollow body A placed opposite the mouth m of the cut-flow nozzle and not
communicating with the supply conduit, against the appropriately shaped mouth edge
of which hollow body the outer annular surface wa of the liquid jet w impinges,
thus forming a liquid veil or spray c and which hollow body either completely
receives the liquid core wi of the jet or enables the same to pass through, in order
either to steadily and uniformly displace an equal quantity of liquid from the hollow
body A, without a vortex being formed or to cause a recoil action while the displaced
liquid is jointly atomized, or to allow of further liquid veils or sprays (c¹ c² &c.)
being formed, substantially as hereinbefore described.
5. In a device of the kind claimed by the fourth claiming clause and for the
purpose of attaining a multiple distribution of the discharged liquid jet and of
thereby producing a more thorough atomizing effect the opposite apertures m m¹ of
the nozzle, and of the hollow body forming each an annular slot substantially as
hereinbefore explained with reference to Figure 15.
6. In a device such as is covered by the fifth claiming clause an annular slot
formed by a pin s provided in the interior of the hollow body A which pin projects
or extends into the mouth of the feed nozzle substantially as hereinbefore
described,

page_text: 7. In a device such as is covered by the fourth claiming clause a nozzle e e¹
terminating in the hollow body A for the purpose of admitting and jointly atomizing
a second liquid or gaseous body substantially as hereinbefore described.
8. In a device such as is covered by the seventh claiming clause the nozzle e e¹
passed through the feed nozzle substantially as hereinbefore described.
9. In a device such as is covered by the fourth claiming clause the hollow body
fixed to a bracket B, which is pivotally connected with the in-flow nozzle in order to
allow of the hollow body A being turned sideways for the purpose of cleaning the
device.
10. In a device such as is covered by the fourth claiming clause either a pin (81)
terminating in a point, or a small tube (r1) open at its bottom arranged axially in
the interior of the hollow body (A) for the purpose of causing the liquid displaced
from the hollow body A to be steadily discharged from and uniformly passed over
the whole flow-off edge thereof substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated bis fuay of July
1001
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.