AN IMPROVED PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Cox, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the County
of Northumberland, Analytical Chemist, and Samuel Cox, of
Hatcham Road, in the County of Surrey, Hydraulic Engineer, for
the Invention of "AN IMPROVED PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING
Bealed the 15th July 1873, and dated the 18th January 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Cox and Samuel
Cox at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th January 1873.
We, JOHN Cox, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the County of Northumberland,
Analytical Chemist, and SAMUEL Cox, of Hatcham Road, in the County
of Surrey, Hydraulic Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING
AND RECOVERING OILS, FATS, AND SIMILAR SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
Our said Invention relates to the extraction and recovery of oils, fats,
spermaceti, paraffin, wax, and other like substances by the action of a
volatile solvent passed by distillation through materials containing these
oily, fatty, or other substances, the said volatile solvent being recovered
after each operation._

page_text: We distil bi-sulphide of carbon, naphtha, or other volatile solvent most
suitable for the substance to be operated on through the materials from
which the extract is to be made. We place these materials in a cage or
a cylinder with a perforated bottom. This cage or cylinder is contained
in another cylinder which has a double casing, and is closed by a cap
having deep dipping rims projecting into the space between the inner
and outer casing; this space contains water, and so forms a secure water
and air-tight joint. The said cap has a hole in the centre, and around
this hole we form two collars, one within the other. The annular space
between these collars is filled with water. Into the central hole we
insert a pipe which has a collar constructed to dip into the space between
the aforesaid collars, and form with the water a tight joint. A small
quantity of vapour condenses on the inner surface of the cap or cover,
and has a tendency to pass therefrom into the space between the double
casing, but we prevent its doing so by providing the cap with a small
projecting ring within the inner casing. We provide the cylinder with
a thermometer and pressure gauge, which are preferably fixed in the
said cap. We also provide it with a water gauge properly arranged to
shew the quantity of solvent within the inner cylinder.
The volatile solvent is distilled from another cylinder of the same
construction by means of steam at a temperature of about one hundred
and twenty degrees Fahrenheit. The steam passes into the water in the
space between the double casing of the cylinder, through the aforesaid
pipe which is connected with the head of a condensing worm also
constructed. with a water joint. The vapour is here condensed, and
passes through a pipe connected to the bottom of the worm by a sliding
and revolving water joint into another double-cased cylinder. In this
cylinder the condensed volatile solvent saturates the grease-containing
substances, and with the extract in solution falls to the bottom of the
said cylinder, whence it is recovered by redistillation into the first
cylinder or another cylinder containing a fresh quantity of materials to
be operated on; the extract is drawn off by a cock at the bottom of
the cylinder. By using three or more cylinders the operation is very
economically and expeditiously performed, as during the distillation of
the solvent another cylinder may be prepared, and the latter may be
used while the second one is being completed and emptied and recharged
with fresh materials; the process will therefore be continuous.
To ensure the complete separation and recovery of all of the solvent

page_text: from the oil and materials contained in the cage or perforated cylinder,
the outer double-cased cylinder after the solvent has been distilled, and
while another cylinder is being worked with fresh materials is connected
by means of pipes and water joints with another vessel partly filled with
water. The bi-sulphide of carbon is driven from the materials contained
in the said double-cased cylinder by steam at a temperature of about
two hundred degrees Farhenheit freely injected through a perforated
serpent pipe, and passes into the aforesaid vessel, where it is condensed
and falls to the bottom, whence it is removed by a suitable cock or
plug,
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Cox and Samuel Cox in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 18th July 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN Cox,
of Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the County of Northumberland, Analytical
Chemist, and SAMUEL Cox, of Hatcham Road, in the County of Surrey,
Hydraulic Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said John Cox and Samuel Cox, Her
special licence that we, the said John Cox and Samuel Cox, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
Jolin Cox and Samuel Cox, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS AND, APPARATUS FOR.
EXTRACTING AND RECOVERING OILS, FATS, AND SIMILAR SUBSTANCES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said John Cox and Samuel Cox,
our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the

page_text: same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Cox and Samuel Cox, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawing forming a part of this Specification:-
Our said Invention relates to the extraction and recovery of oils, fats,
spermacetti, paraffin, wax, and other like substances by the action of a
volatile solvent passed by distillation through materials containing these
oily, fatty, or other substances, the said volatile solvent being recovered
after each operation.
We distil bi-sulphide of carbon, naphtha, or other volatile solvents most
suitable for the substance to be operated on through the materials from
which the extract is to be made. We place these materials in a cage or
a cylinder with a perforated bottom. This cage or cylinder is contained
in another cylinder which has a double casing, and is closed by a cap
having deep dipping rims projecting into the space between the inner
and outer case. This space contains water, and so forms a secure water
and air-tight joint. The said cap has a hole in the centre, and around
this hole we form two collars, one within the other. The annular space
between these collars is filled with water. Into the central hole we
insert a pipe which has a collar formed to dip into the space between
the aforesaid collars, and form with the water a tight joint. A small
quantity of vapor condenses in the inner surface of the cap or cover,
and has a tendency to pass therefrom into the space between the double
casing, but we prevent its doing so by providing the cap with a small
projecting ring within the inner casing. We provide the cylinder with
a thermometer and pressure gauge, which are preferably fixed in the
said cap. We also provide it with a water gauge properly arranged to
shew the quantity of solvent within the double casing.
The volatile solvent is distilled from another cylinder of the same
construction by means of steam at a temperature of about one hundred
and twenty degrees Fahrenheit. The steam passes into the water in the
space between the double casing of the cylinder through the aforesaid
pipe which is connected with the head of a condensing worm also

page_text: constructed with a water joint. The vapour is here condensed, and
passes through a moveable pipe connected to the bottom of the worm by
a sliding and revolving water joint into another double cased cylinder.
In this cylinder the condensed volatile solvent saturates the grease
containing substances, and with the extract in solution falls to the
bottom of the said cylinder, whence it is recovered by redistillation into
the first cylinder or another cylinder containing a fresh quantity of
materials to be operated on; the extract is drawn off by a cock at the
bottom of the cylinder. By using three or more cylinders the operation
is very economically and expeditiously performed, as during the
distillation of the solvent another cylinder may be prepared, and the
latter may be used while the second one is being completed and emptied
and recharged with fresh materials. This process will therefore be a
continuous operation, and is very economical, because in the necessary
separation of the solvent from the oil held in solution, the said solvent
is made to do its work repeatedly without loss. The said process is very
expeditious, each distillation being made in from three-quarters of an
hour to one hour.
The above-described improved apparatus is illustrated in the accom-
panying Drawing, in which Figure 1 is a vertical section of the said
apparatus, and Figure 2 is a horizontal section on the line X, X, Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a plan of part of the said apparatus. Like letters indicate
the same parts throughout the Drawing.
a is the cylinder with a double casing a¹, a³, the space within which
is filled with water. The two casings are preferably secured together by
stay bolts a. is the cage or inner cylinder with a perforated bottom >';
c is the cap constructed with the rims or flanges c¹ dipping into the
water between the casings a', a², and with a projecting ring c within
the inner casing, as shown in Figure 1; d is the central hole of the said
cap, constructed with the double collars or cups & containing water, as
above described; fis the perforated steam worm immediately under the
bottom of the perforated cylinder b; g is a pipe for admitting steam at
the bottom of the cylinder a; h is the outlet aperture for the oil or other
matter.
To ensure the complete separation and recovery of all the solvent
from the oil and materials contained in the perforated cylinder b, the
outer double-cased cylinder a after the solvent has been distilled, and

page_text: while another cylinder is being worked with fresh materials is connected
by means of pipes and water joints with another vessel partly filled with
water. The bi-sulphide of carbon is driven from the materials contained
in the said double cased cylinder by steam at a temperature of about
two hundred degrees Fahrenheit freely injected through a perforated
serpent pipe, and passes into the aforesaid vessel, where it is condensed
and falls to the bottom, whence it is removed by a suitable cock or
plug.
Having thus fully described my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I wish it understood that I claim,-.
First. The process of extracting and recovering oils, fats, and other
matters by treating the materials containing them with a volatile solvent,
in the manner herein described.
Second. The apparatus or vessel with a double cased cylinder, per-
forated cylinder, cap, and water joints, as herein set forth and for the
purpose specified.
Third. An apparatus consisting of a number of these vessels provided
with a moveable pipe and arranged in such a manner as to effect the
continuous extraction and recovery of the materials treated according to
our process, as herein set forth.
In witness whercof, I, the said Samuel Cox, for myself and on
behalf of the said John Cox, have hereunto set my hand and seal,
this Eighteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-three.
Witness,
W. ROBT. LAKE,
8, Southampton Buildings,
London.
SAMUEL COX. (L.S.)