Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, .23rd Oct., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 22nd July, 1895-Accepted, 24th Aug., 1895
I, JOHN CARNRICK, of 124 and 126 South Fifth Avenue, in the City and State
of New York, United States of America, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
This invention relates to a digestive compound adapted for digesting the
different kinds and varieties of foods which are taken into the human system, and
supplying the cells of the digestive organs with the latent or mother ferments called
Osmogen, and thereby aiding the digestive organs to completely prepare food 'for
assimilation and nutrition.
The object of my invention is to provide a digestive compound which will not
only digest the different kinds of food substances, such as proteid or nitrogenous
food, fatty food and starchy food, but will perfectly digest and prepare for
assimilation in the human system, all the varieties, of the different classes or kinds
of food substances which are taken into the digestive organs.
66
A special object of my invention is to provide a digestive compound, which
contains, not only the active ferments of the different, digestive and glandular
organs, which secrete. digestive Huids, but also contains the mother-ferment" or
mother substance contained within the cellular tissues of the digestive organs,
which substance is named "osmogen," and, which requires only the vitalizing and
developing influence of the digestive organs to become active and most effective in
the digestive and assimilative or nutritive processes.
Heretofore pepsin, the active ferment of the stomach, and pancreatine, the active
ferment of the pancreas, have been largely prepared and used for aiding digestion,
and many years ago, I prepared and presented to the trade, a compound containing
two of the active digestive feriments, pepsin and pancreatine, and also containing
diastaste froin malt and two acids, but all previous artificial substances and com-
pounds have been defective and only partially successful in practice. This has
been the case to such an extent as to give rise to wide spread scepticism
concerning the therapeutic value of commercial pepsin and other digestive
ferments, as found in the market.
It has been the principal aim of manufacturing chemists to present a préparation
of pepsin, elegant in appearance and possessing great solubility and strength in one
direction, and responding to a single test; viz.,-the solution of coagulated egg-
albumen. The pepsins in the market, though answering well this single artificial
test often fails in practice to give satisfactory results which will compare favorably
with my new digestive compound, which I term "Peptenzyme." The foriner idea
that our food, after mastication, is mostly digested in the stomach in a few hours,
has been greatly changed and modified by recent observations in the physiology of
digestion. A prominent writer, Professor W. H. Porter, says: "Crediting the
stomach with the largest possible amount of work, I find that it has but com-
paratively little to accomplish. Very much the larger part of what may be
classed as purely digestive and preparatory to absorption, is performed in the
duodenum and intestinal tract." The principal function of the stomach with its
mechanical action and gastric juice, is to macerate, disintegrate and reduce the
food to a pulpy consistency, preparatory to and facilitating digestion beyond the
stomach: It may be for this reason that pepsin, even of the best quality, which at

page_text: 1,
one time was considered the most important digestive agent, fails to give satisfaction,
and that we have to look for better results in those digestive principles secreted by
organs which are situated below the stomach; riz.,-secretions of the pancreas,
liver, Brunners glands, Lieberkuhn glands, and the spleen. It is the secretions of
juices of these glands that, effect real digestion, and do the principal amount of
work for preparing albumen, starch, fat, sugar, etc., for assimilation. The natural
digestive ferments all consist of certain soluble matter mixed with some 'insoluble
and easily decomposed, analogous substances, but both being necessary for the
perfect and full digestive functions of the organs; and in my preparation called
peptenzyme" these digestive secretions are obtained and presented to the
consumer in such a way as to preserve and retain all the digestive principles as
they exist in nature.
66
Digestion is essentially a chemical and vital process and not a mere solution, and
the high dissolving power of pepsin as found in the market, does not prove that
the proteid substance, when dissolved, is prepared for assimilation. My experience
and experiments with pepsins, and also, with my new compound "peptenzyme,"
show conclusively that the present method of preparing pepsini and other digestive
ferments for use in cases of indigestion are faulty, and that it is necessary in the
production of a perfect product to revert to a method which will isolate these
ferments in a form closely allied to their condition in nature. In other words, the
present method of preparing the digestive ferments for use in aiding digestion is so
defective that their effect in the digestive track is of but little value. The
commercial pepsins have high dissolving power when applied to coagulated egg-
albumen in the test tube of the chemist, but are of much less value in preparing
other albuminoids for absorption. In the efforts put forth by manufacturers to
obtain digestive products of high dissolving power, it generally occurs that the
most valuable principles of these secretions, have been destroyed or left behind in
what was considered refuse or inert matter, since the properties sought for
were practically the digestion of only one kind of nitrogenous food,―riz.;—
egg-albumen.
..
...
As a rule, each individual digestive organ, produces a ferment which prepares
principally one kind of each class of foods for assimilation, and it therefore
requires the secretion of all the digestive organs to properly digest a meal which
contains the several kinds of each class of food substances. To illustrate ;-the
stomach, pancreas, Brunners and Lieberkuhn glands, secrete principles which
couvert proteid matter into an assimilable form. The pancreas, liver and spleen
secrete the principles which convert fats into an assimilable form. The pancreas,
liver, spleen Brunners, Lieberkuhn and salivary glands, secrete a principle which
convert starch into glucose and maltose.
"
It might be thought an instance of superfluity or prodigality in nature to have
several digestive organs, each secreting a principle which will digest one class of
food substances, but when it is remembered that there are various kinds of:
nitrogenous foods, also several kinds of starch foods, and several kinds of fats,
then the economy of nature can be more clearly understood. My experiments
made during the past year, confirms this, and conclusively demonstrate that the
specific secretion from each digestive organ, is best adapted for the digestion of
each species or variety of each of the different classes of foods.
An ordinary meal consists of different species or different varieties of nitrogenous
foods, egg, fibrin, casein and gluten, 'a variety of vegetable and animal fats, and
several kinds or species of starches, and cane sugar. Nature, in her wisdom,
provides in different organs specific digestive secretions, each of which is best
adapted for the digestion of each variety or species of the different classes of
food.
J
The human system has four glandular organs, which secrete a principle which
will convert proteid matter into peptode, viz., the stomach, pancreas, Brunners and
Lieberkuhn glands, and it is a notable fact that there are four different varieties or
kinds of nitrogenous food that are taken into the stomach. Several glandular

page_text: organs, such as the pancreas, liver and spleen, secrete principles, which emulsify
fats and convert them into an assimilable form. Six different organs,; viz., the
pancreas, liver, spleen, Brunners glands, Lieberkuhn glands, and the salivary glands
While one
secrete principles which convert starch into glucose and maltose.
digestive secretion may be able, more or less. satisfactorily, to do the digestive.
work of another, it still remains a fact that each possesses one special or specific
function in which it surpasses all others.
Isolated ferments can naturally only represent a single digestive organ, and, as a
matter of fact, as usually found in the market, they represent only part of the
digestive principles of that organ, in consequence of the imperfect method of
preparation, while my new preparation, "peptenzyme," represents the different
digestive ferments and also the entire digestive principle of each organ; that is,
the active ferment and the mother substance or osmogen.
It has only recently been ascertained that Brunners and Lieberkuhn glands
secrete the principle or digestive ferment which converts cane sugar into glucose
and maltose.
In my present experiments, I have discovered that an extract of the hepatic
glands and an extract of the spleen will emulsify and prepare fats for assimilation
more perfectly than the extract of the pancreas or the bile, and also convert starch
into glucose.
An extract from these glands; both of which are constituents of peptenzyme,
has the property of aiding the digestion of meat, fibrin or other food containing fat,
by dissolving or emulsifying the fat in the interstices and adhering to the surface,
or mixed with the food mass and thereby allowing the proteid digesting ferments
to rapidly act at once. It is well known that when much fat is taken with a meal
digestion is retarded, for the reason that it acts as a barrier or a coating and
prevents the immediate contact with the digestive ferment. It will, therefore, be
seen that the extract from these glands, as a constituent of peptenzyme, aids
largely the mechanical and disintegrating action of the stomach in reducing the
food to a semi-liquid condition, and facilitating digestion beyond the stomach.
I have proved by a careful series of experiments upon the human subject that
liquid food, when taken into the stomach, and, as fast as the solid portion of the
meal is sufficiently liquified, it is forced on through the pylorous into the
duodenum.
Before my experiments, it was not known that these organs, the spleen and
liver, contained these principles. The digestive principles of the salivary,
Brunners and Lieberkuhn glands have never before been isolated for use in
indigestion and dyspepsia.
66
I have discovered that the mother ferment or substance which is termed
osmogen" contained in the cells of the digestive organs and which has not yet
reached a condition sufficiently developed for activity, is a very important and
valuable principle in the digestive process, and I have made it a constituent of my
new digestive compound.
In the interior of the living glandular cells of the several digestive organs,
through the process of metabolism or metamorphoses, there are constantly
produced dormant principles, ready to take on the form of active ferments, as
required by nature, when they have reached by development, a condition ready
for vitalization or activity, and which are, at once, capable of changing every
variety of food into an assimilable form. The cells of the various digestive organs
might be compared, in some respects, to the spoma of the ovary from which
springs the ovum, the cells giving rise to the germ-life which produces the
matured ferment. Intermediate between the cell and its fecundation or vitalization,
is the partial development of this germ-life, which is termed "osmogen" or
"mother ferment," and in which condition it is stored, and by the forces of nature
is being developed to a state ready to receive the final nerve and vital stimulus
which converts it into the perfect or active form, endowed. with the power to
Convert all kinds of food into assimilable products. The forces of nature are

page_text: constantly acting in the several digestive organs to. produce this principle in its
several forms, and that it exists. in these organs, in the various, stages of germ-life,
there is no question; nor is there any doubt of the inactivity of the newly, prepared
principle during the quiescent period, or, indeed, up to the time, immediately
preceding the active or vitalized form.
The functions of the several digestive. ferments may be summarized as
follows:
Partially prepares fats for assimilation by emulsifying
them..
Aids largely the digestion, of nitrogenous food by
emulsifying the fats mixed with and, surrounding it,
and thereby allowing the proteid, digesting ferment
to act at once and, rapidly..
Stimulates the villi to more rapid absorption.
Secretion of spleen
Prepares fats, for, assimilation more perfectly, than, the
secretions of any gland.
Converts starch into. glucose.
Aids largely the digestion of nitrogenous food, by
emulsifying the fats and oils, mixed with and
surrounding it, thereby, allowing the proteid digesting
ferments to act at once and rapidly..
In the production of digestive ferments as heretofore found in the market only
the active ferment has been. obtained and that in a very imperfect, condition, as
will be seen when compared with my process, as described below. I obtain and
utilize not only the active ferment but also the inactive mother ferment or
osinogen."
**
My process of preparing digestive fernent is conducted as follows: The
stomach, pancreas, spleen, hepatic, salivary, Lieberkuhn, and Brunner's glands.
are removed, soon as possible from the slaughtered animals, and then the tissueя.
or portions of the gland which contain the digestive secreting cells and osmogen,
are carefully dissected from the coarser, fleshy, or muscular tissues, which are,
rejected. Previous to separating the enzyme glauds or cells, the. glandular organ
should be made neutral, if necessary, by the addition of a small amount, of a
harmless. acid or alkali. The secreted glands are washod, with water to. remove.

page_text: the muccus, after which they are, thoroughly dried at a temperature of 100° F.
to 110° F., and then reduced to a coarse powder, This powder may be treated
with ether or other suitable solvent to. remove the fat, after which the powder is
again dried at a temperature of 100° F. to 110° F., and then reduced to a fine
powder. The cells containing the albuminoids and glutinous digestive secretions
being dry, hard and brittle, are readily powdered, while the epidermal or skin and
some muscular tissue remains in the form of thin scales or films, which is readily
separated by a sieve. A sieve with a moderately fine mesh is used, and as soon as
the sieved powder shows a diminution of digestive strength, the sieving operation
is stopped, and the gruffs or tailings are rejected. The fine powder consists of
everything which the enzyme cells contained, from the digestive secretion in its
iucipient or primitive condition (mother ferment or osmogen) to the fully developed
digested enzyme. This powder is then treated with a dilute ethereal solution of
gum benzoin, which helps to protect and preserve the enzyme. The mass is then
spread out and allowed to dry. Each kind of gland is treated separately, pro-
ducing each digestive principle by itself, and the prepared powder of each gland is
preferably kept in a separate bottle until required for preparing "peptenzyme'
or any other desired mixture or digestive compound.
29
It should be observed that only the peptic, pancreatic, salivary, Lieberkuhn, and
Brunner's glauds are treated and powdered as above described.
The spleen and liver require especial treatment, as follows: Both of these
glands are well washed and freed from all blood, fat, and foreign tissue, and are
then chopped very fine and dried at a temperature from 100° F. to 11° F.
When thoroughly dry, the comminuted mass is powdered, and the powder digested
with strong alcohol in a vessel on a water bath. The alcoholic solution may then
be evaporated and the alcohol recovered, and the remaining product is further
evaporated to the consistency of a stiff extract. This extract of liver and spleen
possesses in a striking degree the property of emulsifying fats; also the property
of converting starch and cane-sugar into glucose. Should it be desired to prepare
the extracts of liver and spleen in a powdered form, the extracts are rubbed up
with a suitable proportion of milk sugar and when thoroughly incorporated in the
form of a granular powder, such powder is moistened with an ethereal solution of
gum benzoin and allowed to dry. When the different digestive ferments have been
benzoated and the odor of ether expelled, they are ready for being mixed with
milk and cane-sugar in proper proportions. To the cane-sugar, there is added and
thoroughly mixed the proper proportion of citric acid, and to the milk sugar there
is added the desired proportion of hydrochloric acid which is thoroughly mixed
therewith. The masses of sugar containing the acids, having been dried, they are
finely sifted, when they are ready to be added to and mixed with the powdered
digestive ferments or enzymes. The hydrochloric acid may be omitted and citric
acid aloue used.
The powdered digestive principles of the different glands, having been prepared
as above described, and it being desired to produce "peptenzyme," they are
preferably mixed in such proportion as they are obtained from each organ; that is,
the yield of one hundred of each of the glands, as peptic glands, pancreatic
glands, salivary glands, Brunner's glands and Lieberkuhn glands, are mixed
with the extracts obtained from one hundred livers and one hundred spleens.
In this way a mixture is obtained which represents the digestive secretions in
such proportions as they are furnished by a complete set of digestive organs
and glands. To make the powdered mixture more palatable, there is added a
small amount of a suitable acid, preferably citric acid, and sugar, prepared as above
described.
I wish it understood that my invention in a digestive compound, is not limited to,
a mixture of the powdered product or extract of the seven glands or organs above
mentioned, and I propose to mix any two or more of the digestive products
together to form a digestive compound. For instance, I may use the prepared
product of the peptic glands and the pancreas as combined with the prepared.

page_text: product from any one or more of the other five organs above mentioned, or
may combine any two or more of the products to form a compound for any
particular purpose. The extract of spleen is a new digestive agent first prepared
by me, and I have found it to be particularly valuable in emulsifying fats and in
aiding the digestion of fibrin containing fatty matter or tissue, and I lay claim to
the extract of spleen as a digestive agent.
I also lay claim separately to an extract of salivary glands, an extract of
Brunner's glands, an extract of Lieberkuhn's glands, and an extract of hepatic
glands in a digestive compound.
During the whole process of manipulating the separated glands, they are kept in
a natural condition until dry, thereby preventing the development of a large.
portion of their properties. At the time the animal is killed, the osmogen or.
mother ferment, is in various stages of development, its growth is then arrested,
and an acid or alkaline condition would render the development of all that
portion of the osmogen which has not reached a stage to receive the vital nerve
stimulus, abortive, and it would consequently be of little value in the digestive
track. An important part of my process, therefore, consists in preserving the
cell tissue which contains the mother ferment, in various stages of development,
in the same condition as it exists when the animal is slaughtered, so that when
it is taken into the digestive track, it will again be under the influence of the
natural, productive and vital forces, and the development, which has been arrested,
will be resumed and brought to perfection, the same as it would have been if
the animal had not been slaughtered, and in this state or condition will become
a digestive agent of fifty fold greater power than it would have been if the ordinary
method had been pursued in the extraction of these digestive ferments.
By this process, it will be observed, that I isolate both the active and mother
ferment (osmogen) without the use of acids or alkali, either of which would injure
or destroy this delicate immatured form of ferment life. It will readily be seen
that by my process, I obtain the mother and active ferment principles, practically
in the same condition as they exist in nature, separated from the inert matter.
The digestive products obtained as above described, are in such a form as to
agree perfectly when mixed, and even assist each other in doing any digestive work
required. Peptenzyme readily digests every kind of proteids, fats, starches, and
It also success-
cane sugar, and acts without any extra addition of acid or alkali.
fully digests all these various articles of food at the same time and in the same fluid,
which may be either acid or alkaline, which proves that the various digestive
ferments contained in it do not interfere with each other.
Peptenzyme powder, or any desired mixture of two or more of the described
enzyme powders, may be pressed into disks or tablets in a well known manner.
Peptenzyme elixir is also prepared from the enzymes above described, and has been
presented to the trade.
My preparation of peptenzyme, made from the seven digestive organs and glands;
viz., the salivary, peptic, pancreatic, hepatic, Bruuner's, and Lieberkuhn's glands,
and the spleen, is not an artificial chemical product, but a combination of the cells
of these different organs and glands, in the same condition and in all the various
stages of formation as they exist in nature, from the true nucleus cell, to the fully
developed active cell or enzyme.
It has recently been discovered by leading chemists that the nucleus cell or
nuclein is a non-poisonous antiseptic principle, and that when it is taken into the
human system, it unites with the poisonous ptomaines and renders them inert or
non-poisonous, or even destroys such ptomaines. Consequently, when a dose of
powdered peptenzyme, containing the antiseptic nucleus cells, is placed on the
tongue of a child who is vomiting or purging, this condition is immediately stopped
in every case, and healthy digestive action is soon renewed. This prompt remedial
effect is due to the nuclein principle uniting with the poisonous ptomaines. It is
believed that these poisonous ptomaines produce all the vomiting and purging
present in Cholera infantum. The nucleus, cell or principles inultiply so rapidly,

page_text: after being administered to the child, that they soon destroy all the poisonous germs
in the intestinal track and thus remove the cause of the trouble. The nucleus cell
is the original cell from which is evolved the osmogen and mother ferments, from,
which is developed the active, enzymes.
t
The fully developed active cells or enzymes aid in the digestion of food, while the-
nuclein cell attack and destroy toxic germs, bacteria, microbes, germs, and
ptomaines, and restore, in a very short time, a healthy digestion in the digestive
track, and thereby enable the digestion to proceed at once in a natural and
norinal way.
My preparation of digestive substances and compounds, either as peptenzyme.or
other combinations, is therefore perfectly new and original, and is distinct from any
digestive preparation hitherto produced.
1901
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant..
Improvements in Digestivé Compounds.
I, JOHN CARNRICK, of 124 and 126 South Fifth Avenue, in the City and State.
of New York, United States of America, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be-
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
;
This invention relates to a digestive compound adapted for digesting the different
kinds and varieties of foods which are taken into the human system, and supplying
the cells of the digestive organs with the latent or mother ferments called Zymogeu,.
and thereby aiding the digestive organs to completely prepare food for assimilation
and nutrition.
"
The object of my invention is to provide a digestive compound which will not
only digest the different kinds of food substances, such as proteid or nitrogenous
food, fatty food and starchy food, but will perfectly digest and prepare for assimila-
tion in the human system, all the varieties of the different classes kinds of food
substances which are taken into the digestive track.
or
A special object of my invention is to provide a digestive compound, which
contains not only the active enzyme of the different digestive and glandular organs,.
which secrete digestive fluids, but also contains the "mother ferment" or mother
substance contained within the cellular tissues of the digestive organs, which
substance is named zymogen, and which requires only the vitalizing and developing
influence of the digestive organs to become active and most effective in the digestive
and assimilative or nutritive processes.
Heretofore pepsin, the artificial active ferment of the stomach, and pancreatine,.
the artificial active ferment of the pancreas, have been largely prepared and used
for aiding digestion, and many years ago, I prepared and presented to the trade, a
compound containing these two active digestive ferments, and also containing
diastaste from malt and two acids, but all previous artificial substances and
compounds have been defective and only partially successful in. practice. This has
been the case to such an extent as to give rise to wide spread scepticism concerning
the therapeutic value of commercial pepsin and other digestive ferments, as found
in the market.
It has been the principal aim of manufacturing chemists to present a preparation
of pepsin, elegant in appearance and possessing great solubility and strength in one
direction, and responding to a single test; viz. the solution of coagulated egg

page_text: albumen. The pepsins in the market, though answering well the single artificial
test often fail in practice to give satisfactory results which will compare favorably
with my new digestive compound, which I term "Peptenzyme."
Isolated digestive ferments or enzymes can naturally only represent a single
digestive organ, and, as a matter of fact; as usually found in the market, they
represent only part of the digestive principles of that organ, in consequence of the
imperfect method of preparation; while my new preparation, peptenzyme, represents
the different digestive enzymes and also the entire digestive principles of all of the
digestive organs or glands; that is the active enzyme and the mother substance or
zymogen:
The natural digestive ferments of enzymes all consist of certain soluble matter
mixed with some insoluble and easily decomposed analogous substances, both of
which are necessary for the perfect and full digestive functions of the organs; and
in my preparation these digestive secretions are obtained and presented to the
consumer in such a way as to preserve and retain all the digestive principles as
they exist in nature.
As a rule, each individual digestive organ, produces a ferment which prepares
principally one kind of each class of foods for assimilation, and it therefore requires
the secretion of all the different organs to properly digest a meal which contains the
several kinds of each class of foot substances: The stomach, pancreas, Brunner's
glands and Lieberkuhn's follicles secrete principles which convert proteid matter
into an assimilable form. The pancreas, liver, and spleen secrete the principles
which emulsify fats and convert them into an assimilable form. The pancreas,
liver, spleen, salivary, and Brunner's glands and Lieberkuhn's follicles secrete
principles which convert starch into glucose and maltose. My experiments confirm
this and conclusively demonstrate that the specific secretion from each digestive
organ is best adapted for the digestion of each species or variety of each of the
different classes of foods.
I have discovered that an extract of the hepatic glands and an extract of the
spleen will emulsify and prepare fats for assimilation more perfectly than the
extract of the pancreas or the bile, and also convert starch into glucose.
An extract from these glands, both of which are constituents of peptenzyme, has
the property of aiding the digestion of meat, fibrin, or other food containing fat; by
dissolving or emulsifying the fat in the interstices and adhering to the surface, or
mixed with the food mass and thereby allowing the proteid digesting enzyme to act
at once and rapidly. It is well known that when much fat is taken with a meal;
digestion is retarded, for the reason that it acts as a barrier of a coating and
prevents the immediate contact of proteids with the digestive ferment. It will,
therefore, be seen that the extract from these glands, as a constituent of peptenzyme
largely aids the mechanical and disintegrating action of the stomach in reducing
the food to a semi-liquid condition, and facilitating digestion beyond the
stomach.
Before my experiments, it was not known that these organs, the spleen and
liver, contained these principles. The digestive principles of the salivary and
Brunner's glands and Lieberkuhn's follicles have never before been isolated
and used in a remedy for indigestion and dyspepsia.
I have discovered that the mother ferment or substance, which is termed zymogen,
contained in the cells of the digestive organs and which has not yet reached a
condition sufficiently developed for activity, is a very important and valuable
principle in the digestive process, and I have made it a constituent of my new
digestive compound.
My process of preparing digestive enzyme is conducted as follows:
The stomach, pancreas, spleen, hepatic, salivary, and Brunner's glands and
Lieberkubu's follicles, are removed, soon as possible, from the slaughtered animals,
and then the tissues or portions of the gland which contain the digestive secreting
cells and zymogen, are carefully dissected from the coarser, fleshy, or muscular
tissues, which are rejected. Previous to separating the enzyme glands or cells; the

page_text: glandular organ should be made ncutral, if necessary, by the addition of a small
amount of a harmless acid or alkali. The secreting glands are washed with water
to remove the mucous, after which they are thoroughly dried at a temperature
of 100° F. to 110° F., and then reduced to a coarse powder. This powder may be
treated with ether or other suitable solvent to remove the fat, after which the
powder is again dried at a temperature of 100° F. to 110° F. and is then reduced to
a fine powder. The cells containing the albuminous and glutinous digestive
secretions being dry, hard, and brittle, are readily powdered, while the epidermal
tissue or skin and some muscular fibre remains in the form of thin scales or films,
which are readily separated by a sieve. A sieve with a moderately fine mesh is
used, and as soon as the sieved powder shows a diminution of digestive strength, the
sieving operation is stopped, and the gruffs or tailings are rejected. The fine powder
consists of everything which the enzyme cells contained, from the digestive secretion
in its incipient or primitive condition (mother ferment or zymogen) to the fully
developed digestive enzyme. This powder is then treated with a dilute ethereal
solution of gum benzoin which protects and preserves the enzymes and zymogen.
The mass is then spread out and allowed to dry. Each kind of gland is treated
separately, producing each digestive principle by itself, and the prepared powder of
each gland is preferably kept in a separate bottle until required for preparing
peptenzyme" or any other desired mixture or digestive compound.
.6
It should be observed that only the peptic, pancreatic, salivary, Lieberkuhn's
and Brunner's glands are treated and powdered as above described.
The spleen and liver requires special treatment, as follows: Both of these
glands are well washed and freed from all blood, fat, and foreign tissue, and are
then chopped very fine and dried at a temperature from 100° F. to 110° F.
When thoroughly dry, the comminuted mass is powdered, and the powder
digested with strong alcohol in a vessel ΟΙ a water bath. The alcoholic
solution may then be evaporated and the alcohol recovered, and the remaining
product is further evaporated to the consistency of a stiff extract.
This extract of
liver or spleen possesses in a striking degree, the property of emulsifying fats;
also the property of converting starch and cane-sugar into glucose. Should it be
desired to prepare the extracts of liver and spleen in a powdered form, the extracts
are rubbed up with a suitable proportion of milk-sugar, and when thoroughly
incorporated in the form of a granular powder, such powder is moistened with an
ethereal solution of gum-benzoin and allowed to dry. When the different digestive
powders have been benzoated and the odor of ether expelled, they are ready for
being mixed with milk-sugar and cane-sugar in proper proportions. To the cane-
sugar, there is added and thoroughly mixed the proper proportion of citric acid,
and to the milk-sugar there is added and thoroughly mixed therewith the desired
proportion of hydrochloric acid. The masses of sugar containing the acids, having
been dried, they are finely sifted, when they are ready to be added to and mixed
with the powdered digestive ferments or enzymnes. The hydrochloric acid may be
omitted and citric acid alone used.
The powdered digestive principles of the different glands, having been prepared
as above described, and it being desired to produce "peptenzyme," they are
preferably mixed in such proportion as they are obtained from each orgaú; that is,
the yield of one hundred of each of the glands, as peptic, pancreatic, salivary and
Brunner's glands, and Lieberkuhn's follicles, are mixed with the extracts obtained
from one hundred livers and one hundred spleens. In this way a mixture is
obtained which represents the digestive secretions in the same proportions that they
are furnished by a complete set of digestive organs and glands. To make the
powdered mixture more palatable, there is added a small amount of a suitable acid,
preferably citric acid and sugar, prepared as above described.
I wish it understood that my invention in a digestive compound, is not limited to
a mixture of the powdered product or extract of the seven glands or organs above
mentioned, and I propose to mix any two or more of the digestive products together
to form a digestive compound. For instance, I may use the prepared product of
B

page_text: the peptic glands and the pancreas combined with the prepared product from any
one or more of the other five organs above mentioned; or
may combine any two
or more of the products to form a compound for any particular purpose. The
extract of spleen is a new digestive agent, first prepared by me, and I have found
it to be particularly valuable in emulsifying fats and in aiding the digestion of
fibrin containing fatty matter or tissue; and I lay claim to the extract of spleen as
a digestive agent.
I also lay claim separately to an extract of salivary glands, an extract of
Brunner's glands, an extract of Lieberkuhn's glands or follicles, and an extract of
hepatic glands in a digestive compound.
During the whole process of manipulating the separated glands, they are kept in
a neutral condition until dry, thereby preventing the development of a large portion
of their properties. At the time the animal is killed, the zymogen or mother
ferment is in various stages of development; its growth is then arrested; and an
acid or alkaline condition would render the development of all that portion of the
zymogen which has not reached a stage to receive the vital nerve stimulus,
abortive, and it would consequently be of little value in 'the digestive track. An
important part of my process, therefore, consists in preserving the cell tissue which
contains the zymogen, in various stages of development, in' the same condition as it
exists at the time the animal is slaughtered, so that when it is taken into the
digestive track, it will again be under the influence of the natural productive and
vital forces, and the development, which has been arrested, will be resumed; and
brought to perfection, the same as it would have been if the animal had not been
slaughtered, and in this state or condition, the preparation will become a digestive
agent of fifty-fold greater power than it would have been if the ordinary method
had been pursued in the extraction of the digestive enzyme.
'By this process, it will be observed; that I isolate both the active and mother
ferment, without the use of acids or alkali, except for nentralizing purposes, as
either of these in excess would injure or destroy this delicate, immatured form of
ferment cell. It will readily be seen that by my process; I obtain 'the enzyme and
zymogen practically in the same condition as they exist in nature, separated from
the inert matter.
T
The digestive products obtained as above' described; are in such a form as to
agree perfectly when mixed, and even assist each other in doing any digestive
work required. Peptenzyme readily digests every kind of proteids, fats, starches,
and cane-sugar, and acts without any extra addition of acid or 'álkali. It also
successfully digests all these various articles of food at the same time and in the
same fluid, which may be either acid or alkaline, which proves that the various
digestive ferments contained in it do not interfere with each other.
Peptenzyme powder, or any desired mixture of two or more of the 'described
enzyme powders are pressed into disks or tablets in a well known manner.
Peptenzyme elixir is also prepared from the enzyme and zymogen above described,
and has been presented to the trade.
"
Having now particularly. described and ascertained the nature of. my.said inven-
tion and in what manner .the same is to be performed,. I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The process of preparing digestive ferments or enzymes and zymogen which
consists in removing the tissue or portions of the glands containing the digestive
secreting cells, and the active enzymes,-from the muscular tissue and fat,
drying said cell tissue, at a temperature below that which would coagulate the
albuminous matter, then reducing it to a powder and separating the cells containing
enzyme and zymogen from the epidermal scales and muscular fibres as by sieving
or equivalent means.
2. The process of preparing digestive ferments or enzymes and zymogen which
consists in removing the portions of the glands containing the digestive secreting
cells and the active enzyme, from the muscular tissue and fat, and drying said cell

page_text: Lissue at a comparatively low temperature. of about. 100° F. to. 110% F...then
reducing it to a powder and separating the contained enzyme and zymogen from.
the epidermal and muscular scales or fibres by sieving or equivalent means, then
treating the digestive powder with a solution of gum benzoin for protecting and
preserving it.
3. The process of preparing digestive ferments or enzymes and zymogen which
consists in dissecting from the fresh digestive organs or. glands the tissues or
portions which contain the digestive secreting cells so as to remove them from the
muscular tissue and fat which are rejected, drying the cellular substance at a
temperature not exceeding 100° F. to 130° F. and then reducing it to a powder.
treating said powder with a solvent to remove the fat; then again drying it at a
low temperature and reducing to a fine powder, sieving it to remove scales or films
of muscular tissue and then treating the resulting powder with a solution of gum
benzoin for protecting and preserving the enzyme and zymogen.
4. The process of preparing digestive enzymes from spleen or liver which
consists in finely comininuting the organ and then drying at a low temperature and
reducing to powder; then making an alcoholic solution and evaporating the alcohol
to form a stiff extract.
5. The process of preparing digestive enzymes from spleen or liver which
consists in finely comminuting the organ and then drying at a low temperature and
reducing to a powder; then making an alcoholic solution and evaporating the
alcohol to form a stiff extract, then rubbing up such extract with a suitable
proportion of milk-sugar to form a granular powder, then moistening such powder
with a solution of gum benzoin and allowing it to dry.
6. An artificial digestive preparation containing the enzymes capable of
digesting and preparing for assimilation three different kinds of food substances
such as proteids or nitrogenous food, fatty food, and starchy food.
7. An artificial digestive preparation containing mother-ferment or zymogen,
possessing its natural function and property of developing and forming an active
digestive enzyme under the influence of the productive and vital forces in the
digestive track of the living subject.
8. An artificial digestive preparation containing the active digestive enzyme and
the mother-ferment or zymogen, the latter being in the various stages of develop-
ment and possessing the natural properties and functions, which it had when taken
from the animal, of developing and forming by internal change active digestive
enzyme, under the influence of the productive and vital forces in the digestive
track of the living subject.
9. A digestive preparation or composition coutaining a digestive extract of spleen
and of liver capable of digesting and emulsifying fats.
10. An artificial digestive preparation containing an enzyme extract of spleen
adapted for emulsifying and digesting fats.
11. A digestive compound or composition containing in a form capable of
preservation, extracts or enzymes of the salivary, peptic, pancreatic, hepatic and
Brunner's glands, Lieberkuhn's follicles and the spleen mixed in suitable
proportions.
12. A digestive compound or composition containing the active ferment or
enzyme and the mother ferment or zymogen of the salivary, peptic, pancreatic,
hepatic and Brunner's glands, Lieberkubo's follicles and the spleen mixed in
suitable proportions.
13. A digestive compound or composition containing the active enzyme and the
mother ferment or zymogen of the peptic and pancreatic glands combined with one
or more of the enzymes of the salivary, Brunner's and hepatic glands, Lieberkuhn's
follicles and spleen.
14. A digestive preparation or composition containing enzyme and zymogen
separated from oue or more of the digestive organs and in the dry powdered form,
the grains or particles thereof having a protective coating of gum benzoiu or
equivalent material.

page_text: 15. A digestive preparation or composition in the dry form and containing
digestive enzymes, the grains or particles of which are coated with gum benzoin for
preserving the enzymes and a suitable proportion of milk-sugar.
Dated this 22nd day of July 1895.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.