IMPROVE- MENTS IN INJECTORS AND LIKE APPARATUS FOR EJECTING AND FOR THE NOISELESS DISPOSAL OF WASTE STEAM AND FOR HEATING AND CIRCULATING WATER "
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Lieutenant Peter Zotoff and Captain Basil Afonasieff*
both of Cronstadt in the Empire of Russia for an Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN INJECTORS AND LIKE APPARATUS FOR EJECTING AND FOR THE
NOISELESS DISPOSAL OF WASTE STEAM AND FOR HEATING AND CIRCULATING
WATER
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Zotoff and Basil
Afonasieff at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th August
1883.
Lieutenant PETER ZOTOFF and Captain BASIL AFONASIEFF both of Cronstadt
in the Empire of Russia IMPROVEMENTS IN INJECTORS AND LIKE APPARATUS
"
FOR EJECTING AND FOR THE NOISELESS DISPOSAL OF WASTE STEAM AND FOR
HEATING AND CIRCULATING WATER
"
This Invention has for its object improvements in injectors and like apparatus.
for ejecting and for the noiseless disposal of waste steam and for heating and
circulating water and is more especially applicable for use with the steam boilers.
of vessels propelled by steam.
We construct silent blow off ejectors in such a manner that excess of steam may
be blown off from the boilers without noise or other inconvenience and also so that
they may be used for pumping water from the bilge. The apparatus is composed
of a steam chamber into which steam can be conducted by a pipe from the boiler.
To one end of the steam chamber is screwed an outwardly tapering delivery nozzle
to the end of which the delivery pipe is coupled. To the other end of the steam
chamber is screwed a conical plug tap. The plug is hollow and its broader end
which is towards the steam chamber is open. The plug can be turned by a handle
fixed to a spindle which passes out through a stufting box from the smaller end of
the plug.
At one side of the plug is a port or opening. Two channels pass off from
onnosite sides of the shell of the cock

page_text: By turning the plug the port in its side can be brought opposite to either of
these channels.
One passage is led outside to the water the other is led into the bilge and there
terininates in a perforated grating.-The delivery pipe leads to an opening situated
at the side or bottom of the vessel.
Into the end of the steam chamber opposite to that to which the delivery nozzle
is fixed is screwed a conical or tapering nozzle-its broader end comes in front of
the open end of the plug of the cock-its smaller end projects into the steam
chamber the portion which projects into the steam chamber is conical on the
exterior and enters into the mouth of a similarly coned funnel the smaller end of
which is screwed into the opposite end of the steam-chamber-into the same hole
as the delivery nozzle is screwed. An annular space is left between the coned
nozzle and funnel the dimensions of which space can be adjusted by screwing the
funnel more or less into the steain chamber this may be done by a key applied
to its end before the delivery nozzle is screwed on.
When the cock has been turned so that the port in the side of the plug
communicates either with the bilge or outer water steam is admitted from the
boiler to the steam chamber and passes through the coned annular passage between
the nozzle and funnel the water in the apparatus is thereby driven forwards along
the delivery nozzle at the same time that the steam is condensed and is delivered
overboard below or above the water line as desired.
In some cases in order still further to improve the action of the silent blow off
cjector we place centrally within the interior of the conel nozzle and funnel of
the apparatus and in a line with their axis a tapering, tube open at both ends-
it may be held centrally within them by feathers projecting froin it. An annular
space is left, between the exterior of the tube and the interior of the nozzle and
funnel. Consequently when the apparatus is in action the steam acts first on the
water in this annular space and driving it forward induces a current through the
centre of the tube.
If desired the tube may be attached to the end of a rod made to screw through
the centre of the spindle of the plug so that by turning this rod by a small hand
wheel on its end the tube may ho moved to or fro end wise and the dimensions of
the annular water space around the exterior of the babe be so increased or
diminished. The rapidity of the flow of water from the apparatus can so be
controlled. When it is desired that the apparatus may be capable of being used
for extinguishing fire the delivery nozzle of the apparatus may be provided with a
two way cock by which the water may either be directed overboard or to a hose
for extinguishing the fire.
In some cases instead of having a single coned annular passage for steam to pass
from the stean chamber into the central water passage two or more such passages
may be provided.
If the apparatus is to be used only as a silent blow off the two way cock would
not be required.
In some cases in order still further to increase the efficiency of the apparatus as
a. silent blow off ejector we in addition to forming the apparatus with an annular
steam passage or passages for admitting steam from the steam chamber into the
annular water passage in a direction to propel the water in the direction of the
delivery nozzle also provide an additional annular steam passage through which
steam passes in a direction to propel the water in the opposite direction. In this
way the quantity of water which has to pass through the apparatus, is diminished
and at the same time the dimensions of the apparatus as well as of the openings
through the sides of the vessel may be reduced.-In cases where the apparatus is
also required to be used for pumping water from the bilge provision may be made
for closing this additional steam passage. This may be effected by sliding one
coned surface into the other so as to close the annular passage between them.
The sliding of the coned surface endwise may be effected by a screw carried through
the end of the steam-chamber to which the delivery nozzle is affixed.

page_text: In some cases especially in steam ships requiring to raise steam rapidly it is
required to maintain hot water in the boilers. When the water in the boilers is
kept hot by the usual means viz, by burning coal in the furnace of each boiler the
consumption of coal is considerable and inconvenience is occasioned by the boiler
tubes being made dirty.
Heating the water by the introduction of steam into the water in the boiler by
a common steam pipe remedies. these inconveniences but much noise is occasioned
on account of insufficient circulation of the water in the boilers. To remedy this
we employ a modification of the silent blow off apparatus. We affix a small
hollow chamber in front of an opening in the shell of the boiler below the water
level. The water in the boiler can pass into this hollow chamber. A steam nozzle
open at both ends is screwed into the outer end of the hollow chamber. The outer
end of this steam nozzle opens into a steam chamber to which steam can be
admitted by a pipe from a boiler-the inner end projects into the hollow chamber.
The admission of steam to the steam nozzle is controlled by a valve-the valve
has a cylindrical stem projecting forwards in front of it which nearly fills up the
interior of the steam nozzle so that when the valve is opened steam can only pass
along an annular space between them. Beyond the end of the steam nozzle the
cylindrical stem is terminated with a long conical point.
Surrounding the steam nozzle and the projecting end of this point is a tube
which tapers outwards in both directions from a point intermediate of its length.
An annular space is left between the interior of this tube and the nozzle and
conical point another annular space is also left between the exterior of the end of
the tube which surrounds the steam nozzle and the interior of the sides of the
hollow chau ber-the tube does not extend to the front end of the chamber so that
at the front the two annular spaces open one into the other.
When the steam valve is opened and an annular stream of steam, is so allowed
to flow into the interior of the tube above mentioned the water between the tube
and the conical point is thereby propelled forwards whilst a stream of water from
the boiler passing from one of the annular spaces above mentioned to the other
enters the end of the tube to be in turn propelled forward by the steam and so a
continuous circulation is kept up.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Peter Zotoff and Basil Afonasieff in the Patent Office on the
28th February 1884.
Lieutenant [PETER] ZOTOFF and Captain [BASIL] AFONASIEFF both of Cronstadt
in the Einpire of Russia "IMPROVEMENTS IN INJECTORS AND LIKE APPARATUS
FOR EJECTING AND FOR THE NOISELESS DISPOSAL OF WASTE STEAM
HEATING AND CIRCULATING WATER
"
AND FOR
This Invention has for its object improvements in injectors and like apparatus
for ejecting and for the noiseless disposal of waste steam and for heating and
circulating water-and is more especially applicable for use with the steam-boilers
of vessels propelled by steam..
We construct silent blow off ejectors in such a manner that excess of steam may
be blown off from the boilers without noise or other inconvenience and also so that
they may be used for puinping water from the bilge or ashes from the stoke hold
or as pumps for extinguishing fire or as discharge circulating pumps for surface
condensers keeping up circulation whenever engines are stopped or go slow or
for heating water in one steam boiler from the waste steam of another or to effect
the washing of steam boilers.
The ejectors are to some extent constructed on the well known principles of
other injectors and ejectors but differ from them not only in the arrangement
and construction of their parts but also in the dimensions of the passages through
them by which they are rendered silent in their action.
The dimensions and type of silent ejector used depend upon the purpose to
which it is to be applied and the size and power of the steam boilers.
Figure 1 of the drawings hereunto annexed shews a longitudinal section of a
silent blow off ejector suitable for being used on steam vessels of small size
such as steam cutters either for discharging water from the bilge or for the silent
discharge of excess of steam.
Figure 2 is a side elevation of the same partly in section. The apparatus is
composed of a steam chamber a into which steam can be conducted by a pipe b
from the boiler. To one end of the steam chamber is screwed an outwardly
tapering delivery nozzle c to the end of which the delivery pipe d is coupled. To
The plug
the other end of the steam chamber a is screwed a conical plug tap e.
is hollow and its broader end which is towards the steam clamber is open. The
plug can be turned by a handle f fixed to a spindle which passes out through a
stuffing box g from the smaller end of the plug. At one side of the plug is.a
port or opening h. Two channels pass off from opposite sides of the shell of the
cock.
By turning the plug the port in its side can be brought opposite to either
of these channels.-One passage is led outside to the water the other is led into
the bilge and there terminates in a perforated grating. The delivery pipe leads
to an opening situated at the side or bottom of the vessel.
Into the end of the steam chamber opposite to that to which the delivery
nozzle is fixed is screwed a conical or tapering nozzle m-its broader end comes
in front of the open end of the plug of the cock-its smaller end projects into the
steam chamber a-the portion which projects into the steam chamber is conical
on the exterior and enters into the mouth of a similarly coned funnel n the
smaller end of which is screwed into the opposite end of the steam chamber-into
the same hole as the delivery nozzle is screwed. An annular space is left between

page_text: the coned nozzle m and funnel n the dimensions of which space can be adjusted.
by screwing the funnel n more or less into the steam chamber-this may be
done by a key applied to its end before the delivery nozzle c is screwed on. In
this way the expenditure of steam can be regulated as required.
When the cock has been turned so that the port in the side of the plug
communicates either with the bilge or outer water and steam is admitted from the
boiler to the steam chamber the steam passes through the coned annular passage
between the nozzle and funnel and the water in the apparatus is thereby driven
forwards along the delivery nozzle at the saine time that the steam is condensed
and is delivered overboard below or above the water line as desired.
In some cases in order still further to improve the action of the silent blow
off ejector we place centrally within the interior of the coned nozzle and funnel
of the apparatus and in a line with their axis a tapering tube open at both ends-
An annular
it may be held centrally within them by feathers projecting from it.
space is left between the exterior of the tube and the interior of the nozzle and
funnel-consequently when the apparatus is in action the steain acts first on the
water in this annular space and driving it forward induces a current through
the centre of the tube.
Figures 3 and 4 shew a longitudinal section and plan view of a silent blow off
ejector so constructed.
In these figures the same letters of reference are used to indicate like parts to
those shown in Figures 1 and 2.-o is the central tube which by three feathers
projecting from it is held centrally within the nozzle m. As shewn in Figures 3
and 4 the tube is also attached to the end of a rod p which is made to screw
through the centre of the spindle of the tap and which has on its outer end a
small band wheel by which it may be turned and by which consequently the tube
may be moved to or fro end wise so that the distance which it projects into the
coned nozzle n may be varied-consequently varying the dimensions of the coned
water space between this nozzle and the end of the tube and regulating the
rapidity of the flow of water. The apparatus is shown to be provided with a
double ported delivery cock q by means of which water can either be discharged
overboard from the bilge or by which water can be supplied to a hose for
extinguishing fire.
In the construction shewn in Figure 5 the central tube is always retained in
one position by the feathers which project from it.
This construction is suitable for being used with engines of about 200 indicated
horse power. Its parts are marked with the same letters of reference as in the
previous figures.
The construction shewn by the longitudinal section Figure 6 is very suitable for
torpedo boats and small steamers. It differs from the one previously described in
having two conical steam entrance passages into the chamber instead of one such
passage only.
In these two latter figures the outer skin of the vessel to which the apparatus is
secured is marked r.
In cases where the apparatus is to be used only as a silent blow off the two way
cocks would not be required.
In some cases in order still further to increase the efficiency of the apparatus as
a silent blow off ejector we in addition to forming the apparatus with an annular
steam passage or passages for admitting steam from the steam chamber into the
annular water passage in a direction to propel the water in the direction of the
delivery nozzle-also provide an additional annular steam passage through which
steam passes in a direction to propel the water in the opposite direction. In this
way the quantity of water which has to pass through the apparatus is diminished
and at the same time the dimensions of the apparatus as well as of the openings
through the sides of the vessel may be reduced."
Figure 7 shews an elevation partly in section of a silent blow off ejector so
.

page_text: constructed. It is formed with three annular inclined steam passages from the
steam chamber a into the water way, and a fourth annular steam passage 8
inclined in the opposite direction. The apparatus shewn in this figure is intended
only to be used as a silent blow off and consequently the two way cock with
which the various forms of apparatus previously described were provided is not
required.
In cases where the apparatus is also required to be used for pumping water from
the bilge provision may be made for closing this additional steam passage. This
may be effected by sliding one coned surface into the other so as to close the
annular passage between them. The sliding of the coned surface end wise, may be
effected by a screw carried through the end of the steam chamber to which the
delivery nozzle is affixed.
Figure 8 shews a longitudinal section and Figure 9.a plan view of apparatus so
constructed an apparatus of this kind is suitable for large steam vessels.
The coned nozzles m n are secured the one to the other by screw bolts screwing
into lugs which project from their exterior. The central tube o is held in position
by the radial feathers which project from it. The additional steam passages can
be opened or closed by sliding the coned ring-t to or fro along the end of the
nozzle c so that its coned exterior surfaces may either be brought against a corre-
sponding conical surface at the end of the last of the coned nozzles m n so as to
close the steam passages between them or can be moved away from this coned
surface so as to open the passago.
To move the coned ring t a screw is provided-this screw passes out through
a stuffing box in the end of the steam chamber its inner end screws into a lug
which projects from the ring and its outer end has upon it a pinion into which
gears a toothed wheel v-this toothed wheel has fast with it a hand wheel w by
which it can be turned and so be caused to revolve the screw and move the coned
ring t to or fro as desired
An index finger is also fixed to the toothed wheel t to indicate whether the
additional steam passage is closed or to what extent it is open.
The water inlet at the end of the apparatus can be put in communication either
with the exterior water or with the bilge.
In the first case the apparatus acts as a silent blow off and in the second as an
ejector. When the apparatus is to act as a silent blow off the additional steam
passage & is opened the amount of steam passing through the orifice will always be
Jess than that passing through the two other annular orifices so that the water in
the apparatus will always be impelled forwards although retarded by the steam
entering through the passage 8. In this way time is given for condensing the
stem before it is discharged from the apparatus.
In this way the amount of water passed through the apparatus for effecting the
condensation of the steam will be much diminished consequently the size of the
apparatus and of the openings made through the sides of the vessel may be smaller
than would otherwise be practicable.
When the apparatus is to be used simply as an ejector for discharging water
from the bilge the additional orifices should be closed.
In order that the ways in which the various forms of apparatus herein before
described may be applied on board a steam vessel may be readily understood we
have at Figure 10 shown a cross section of a steam vessel and have illustrated
thereon three ways of applying the apparatus.
The arrangement marked N° 1 shews the apparatus fitted as a silent blow off
and ejector for pumping water from the bilge or for pumping water for extinguishing
fire.
A is the apparatus receiving water either from the bilge or through a Kingston
valve B-C is the discharge pipe leading to a two way cock D by means of which
the water passing from the apparatus may either be discharged through an opening
at the side of the vessel when the apparatus is used for pumping from the bilge

page_text: or as a silent blow off or may be delivered through the pipe E to a stand pipė or
hose in case of fire.
The arrangement marked N° 2 shews the apparatus used in connection with.a.
common jet condenser.
The arrangement marked N° 3 shews the apparatus used in connection with a
surface condenser.
In the case of engines fitted with the ordinary jet condenser the discharge
pipe C of the apparatus may be connected with the discharge pipe from the hot
well of the condenser or a separate discharge outlet may be formed through the side
of the vessel either above or below the water line.
The apparatus may also be placed on the injection pipe and connected with the
condenser and with the discharge pipe C by means of a two way cock D as shewn
in the drawing. By this means when the engines are at work the water necessary'
for injection passes freely to the condenser through the apparatus.
When the engines are stopped the cock D may be turned to open the passage to
the discharge pipe C and close the passage to the condenser. Water entering
through the injection Kingston valve (if excess of steam passed to the apparatusi
from the boilers) would then after passing through the apparatus and condensing
the superfluous steam pass overboard by the discharge pipe C. Or arrangements'
might be made for allowing the silent blow off apparatus to be independent so that
it might come into action whenever a sudden change from full speed to slow
takes place.
In the case of engines fitted with surface condensers the apparatus is shewn to
be placed in the circulating discharge pipe F so that in case of the circulating
pump getting out of order the apparatus may be used for maintaining the requisite
circulation.
Also when the engines are stopped and superfluous steam comes to the apparatus
from the boilers water will be drawn through the condenser and keep the condenser
ccol. The number of silent blow off apparatus used for each engine will depend on
the indicated horse power of the engine and the number of injection or circulating
pipes of the condensers.
:
At Figure 11 we have shewn a silent blow off ejector suitable for ejecting ashes
from the stoke hold. It is fastened at one end by a flange m to the side or bottom
of the vessel and at the other end marked n it is connected by means of a pipe pi
with the ash box. The box is provided with a net or grating to prevent large
pieces of coal or clinker from entering the pipe p. When a sufficient quantity of*
ashes is collected in the box the cock c is opened for the purpose of filling the box
with water to any extent required-steam is then admitted through the pipe s
and the water and ashes are consequently ejected. When but little water and
ashes remain in the box the cock c and the steam cock are simultaneously closed.
In some cases especially in steam ships requiring to raise steam rapidly it is
required to maintain hot water in the boilers. When the water in the boilers is:
kept hot by the usual means viz, by burning coal in the furnace of each boiler the
consumption of coal is considerable and inconvenience is occasioned by the boiler.
tubes being made dirty. Heating the water by the introduction of steam into the
water in the boiler by a common steam pipe remedies these inconveniences but,.
much noise is occasioned on account of insufficient circulation of the water in the
boilers.
To remedy this we employ a modification of the silent blow off apparatus. A
longitudinal section, end view and cross section of which are shewn at Figures 12,
13 and 14.
It consists of a small hollow chamber A fixed in front of an opening in the shell
of the boiler below the water level. The water in the boiler can pass into this
hollow chamber. A steam nozzle B open at both ends is screwed into the outer end,
of the hollow chamber. The outer end of this steam nozzle opens into a steam
chamber C to which steam can be admitted by a pipe D from a boiler-the inner

page_text: end projects into the hollow chamber A. The admission of steam to the steam
nozzle is controlled by a valve E-the valve has a cylindrical stem Et projecting
forwards in front of it which nearly fills up the interior of the steam nozzle so that
when the valve is opened steam can only pass along an annular space between
them. Beyond the end of the steam nozzle the cylindrical stem is terminated with
a long conical point E. Surrounding the steam nozzle and the projecting end of
this point is a tube F which tapers outwards in both directions from a point inter-
mediate of its length. An annular space is left between the interior of this tubo
and the nozzle B and conical point, another annular space is also left between the
exterior of the end of the tube which surrounds the steam nozzle and the interior
of the sides of the hollow chamber A-the tube does not extend to the front
end of the chamber so that at the front the two annular spaces open one into the
other.
When the steam valve E is opened and an annular stream of steam is so allowed
to flow into the interior of the tube above mentioned the water between the tube
and the conical point is thereby propelled forwards whilst a stream of water from
the boiler passing from one of the annular spaces above mentioned to the other
enters the end of the tube to be in turn propelled forward by the steam and so a
continuous circulation is kept up.
In a similar manner ejector apparatus can be used for rapidly circulating water
in a steam boiler to wash it and remove scale and sediment. At Figure 15 we have
shown apparatus for effecting this. The apparatus is placed outside the boiler with
its suction and delivery orifices opening into the boiler in such positions as best to
cause a rapid circulation of water through the narrowest spaces which are not
otherwise accessible for cleaning-as for example between the shell of the boiler
and the furnace flues or the spaces between the boiler tubes.
When a boiler is to be washed it is filled with water to above the usual water
level, steam from another boiler is then admitted to the apparatus and the water in
the boiler is thereby quickly put into so rapid a circulation that sediment is washed
off whilst at the same time the water becomes heated.-During the process of
washing it is advisable to change the water twice and fill again with fresh water.
Boilers of all kinds can be cleaned in the above manner.
Having thus described the nature of our invention and the manner of performing
the same we would have it understood that we claim :-
First. The construction of or apparatus for the noiseless disposil of waste stenm
ejectors substantially as herein before described with reference to Figures 1 and 2.
Second. The construction of ejectors or apparatus for the noiseless disposal of
waste steam with a longitudinal tube mounted centrally within the water way
leaving an annular water way outside this tube substantially as described.
Third. The construction of ejectors or apparatus for the noiseless disposal of
waste steam substantially as herein before described with reference to Figures 3
and 4.
Fourth The construction of ejectors or apparatus for the noiseless disposal of
waste steam substantially as herein before described with reference to Figure 5.
Fiftli The construction of ejectors or apparatus for the noiseless disposal of
waste steam substantially as herein before described with reference to Figure 6.
Sixth. The construction of ejectors or apparatus for the noiseless disposal of
waste steam with an annular sten jet acting in opposition to the main steam jet
or jets used to propel the water through the waterway of the ejector substantially
as described.
Seventh. The construction of ejectors or apparatus for the noiseless disposal of
waste steam substantially as herein before described with reference to Figure 7.
Eighth The construction of ejectors or apparatus for the noiseless disposal of
waste steam substantially as herein before described with reference to Figures 8
and 9.

page_text: Ninth. The combination of apparatus for ejecting ashes from the stoke hold of
a steam vessel substantially as describe with reference to Figure 11.
Tenth. The construction of apparatus for heating water in a steam boiler or
other vessel by steam blown off from another steam boiler substantially as herein-
before described with reference to Figures 12, 13 and 14.
Eleventh. The combination of apparatus for washing steam boilers substantially
as described.
In witness whereof we the said Lieutenant [Peter] Zotoff and Captain [Basil]
Afoñasieff have hereunto set our hands and seals this Sixteenth day of February
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty four.