IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING, LOWERING, AND MOVING HEAVY BODIES, AND FOR TRANSMITTING AND ARRESTING MOTION FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Aldridge Weston, of King's Norton, in
the County of Worcester, Mechanical Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING, LOWERING, AND MOVING HEAVY
BODIES, AND FOR TRANSMITTING AND ARRESTING MOTION FOR VARIOUS
PURPOSES."
Sealed the 18th May 1866, and dated the 2nd December 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Aldridge Weston
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 2nd December 1865.
I, THOMAS ALDRIDGE WESTON, of King's Norton, in the County of Wor-
cester, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING, LOWERING, AND MOVING
HEAVY BODIES, AND FOR TRANSMITTING AND ARRESTING MOTION FOR VARIOUS
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of improvements in and additions to an Invention for
which Letters Patent were granted to me bearing date the 29th of January
1863, No. 263. By the said improvements and additions great facility,
safety, and dispatch are obtained in hoisting apparatus and other apparatus
for moving heavy bodies, and for transmitting and arresting motion for various
purposes.

page_text: In constructing a hoisting machine according to my Invention I place the
brake and coupling described and represented in the Specification of the
Patent herein-before referred to in an ordinary drum or barrel, but in place
of a hand wheel for operating the brake, and a large wheel for transmitting the
motive-power, I substitute a single sprocket wheel to answer both purposes.
The shaft upon which the barrel or drum turns has secured to it a ratchet
wheel with a pall, so that the shaft can only turn in one direction. The boss
or centre of the sprocket wheel is screwed internally, so as to traverse upon a
screwed portion of the shaft, and thus act upon the brake. Around the
sprocket wheel is the usual endless rope. By pulling the rope on one side the
screwed boss of the sprocket wheel advances along the shaft until it presses
sufficiently upon the brake to first couple thereby (frictionally) the shaft and
barrel, and afterwards to lift the weight to which the usual chain or rope from
the barrel is attached.. If the rope be released suddenly the load does not
run back, the ratchet wheel preventing a return motion. To lower the load it
is only necessary to pull the endless rope on the opposite side. As the shaft
cannot turn in that direction against the pall and ratchet, the effect is to
unscrew the boss of the sprocket wheel from its pressure on the brake until the
frictional connection between the shaft and barrel is reduced, and the barrel
then turns backwards on the shaft, and the load is lowered. The lowering
action may be at once arrested by again pulling on the hoisting side of the
endless rope as at first. By this arrangement a single endless rope answers
all the purposes of hoisting and lowering at any desired speed." Instead of the
sprocket wheel the screwed_boss may be formed in the eye of a winch handle,
which answers the joint purposes of hoisting the load and actuating the brake.
When greater mechanical power is required than is obtained by the arrange-
ments described, the sprocket wheel may be replaced by a toothed wheel
similarly screwed in the centre. Into the said wheel a pinion is made to gear,
and on the shaft of the said pinion the sprocket wheel, handle, or other means
for actuating the apparatus is situated. Or, if required, a train of gearing may
be placed between the brake wheel and the screwed boss and the first mover
to which the driving power is applied.
For a hoisting apparatus of varied powers I take an ordinary drum or
barrel fixed upon a shaft with a toothed wheel at each end, also fixed to the
barrel shaft. Upon another parallel shaft are two pinions opposite to the two
wheels, and gearing with them. These two pairs of wheels and pinions are of
different relative sizes, to give two speeds, the larger pinion gearing with the
smaller wheel, and the smaller pinion with the larger wheel. Each pinion is
provided with a brake box to contain the brake and coupling mechanism.

page_text: These two brake boxes face each other on the pinion shaft, and that portion of
the shaft lying between them is screwed to fit the screwed boss of a sprocket.
wheel which traverses on the shaft, so as to act upon either brake, and leave.
the other free and uncoupled from the shaft. Near each end of the pinion
shaft is a ratchet wheel and pall. These two ratchets have teeth sloped in
contrary directions. Under the two palls of these ratchets a long bar slides,
with two inclined planes reverse to each other, or two projections, one to act
upon each pall, so that when the bar slides it will lift one pall out and let the
other down to act on the ratchet wheel below. The sliding motion is given
by traversing the sprocket wheel, which is embraced between two forks or
arms attached to the sliding bar, so that when the hoisting is effected through
either wheel and pinion the ratchet wheel and pall belonging to it are in.
action, whilst the corresponding parts at the other end of the shaft are thrown.
out. By these means all the advantages of the first-described plan are
obtained with the addition of two speeds or powers instead of one. Instead of
the sprocket wheel a toothed wheel may be used similarly screwed in the
centre or other convenient part, as in the first described apparatus.
My Invention, although described as applied to lifting weights, may be
applied to actuating presses by substituting for the drum or barrel a strong:
pinion to gear with a rack, and the actuating power may be by steam, manual,
or otherwise.
The application of my said Invention to the moving of heavy bodies and
to transmitting and arresting motion for various purposes differs in no essential
respect from the applications thereof herein described, the details only requiring
to be changed to adapt my Invention to the various purposes to which it is;
applicable.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance, of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Aldridge Weston in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 31st May 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME...I, THOMAS
ALDRIDGE WESTON, of King's Norton, in the County, of Worcester, Mechanical
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters,
Patent, bearing date the Second day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,

page_text: the said Thomas Aldridge Weston, Her special licence that I, the said Thomas
Aldridge Weston, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Thomas Aldridge Weston, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING, LOWERING, AND MOVING HEAVY
BODIES, AND FOR TRANSMITTING AND ARRESTING MOTION FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Thomas Aldridge Weston,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Aldridge Weston, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention consists of improvements in and additions to an Invention for
which Letters Patent were granted to me, bearing date the 29th of January
1863, No. 263. By the said improvements and additions great facility,
safety, and dispatch are obtained in hoisting apparatus and other apparatus
for moving heavy bodies and for transmitting and arresting motion for various
purposes.
In constructing a hoisting machine according to my Invention, I place the
brake and coupling, described and represented in the Specification of the
Patent herein-before referred to, in an ordinary drum or barrel, but in place
of a hand wheel for operating the brake and a large wheel for transmitting
the motive power I substitute a single sprocket wheel to answer both pur-
poses. The shaft upon which the barrel or drum turns has secured to it a
ratchet wheel with a pall so that the shaft can only turn in one direction.
The boss or centre of the sprocket wheel is screwed internally so as to traverse
upon a screwed portion of the shaft, and thus act upon the brake. Around
the sprocket wheel is the usual endless rope; by pulling the rope on one
side the screwed boss of the sprocket wheel advances along the shaft until it
presses sufficiently upon the brake to first couple thereby (frictionally) the
shaft and barrel, and afterwards to lift the weight to which the usual chain or

page_text: rope from the barrel is attached. If the rope be released suddenly the load
does not run back, the ratchet wheel preventing a return motion. To
lower the load it is only necessary to pull the endless rope on the opposite
side; as the shaft cannot turn in that direction against the pall and ratchet,
the effect is to unscrew the boss of the sprocket wheel from its pressure on
the brake, until the frictional connection between the shaft and barrel is
reduced, and the barrel then turns backwards on the shaft and the load is
lowered; the lowering action may be at once arrested by again pulling on the
hoisting side of the endless rope as at first; by this arrangement a single
endless rope answers all the purposes, of hoisting and lowering at any desired
speed. Instead of the sprocket wheel the screwed boss may be formed in the
eye of a winch handle, which answers the joint purposes of hoisting the load
and actuating the brake.
Where greater mechanical power is required than is obtained by the
arrangements described, the sprocket wheel may be replaced by a toothed
wheel similarly screwed in the centre. Into the said wheel a pinion is made
to gear, and on the shaft of the said pinion the sprocket wheel handle or other,
means for actuating the apparatus is situated; or, if required, a train of
gearing may be placed between the brake wheel and the screwed boss and the
first mover to which the driving power is applied.
For a hoisting apparatus of varied powers, I take an ordinary drum or
barrel fixed upon a shaft with a toothed wheel at each end also fixed to the
barrel shaft. Upon another parallel shaft are two pinions, opposite to the two.
wheels, and gearing with them; these two pairs of wheels and pinions are of
different relative sizes to give two speeds, the larger pinion gearing with the:
smaller wheel and the smaller pinion with the larger wheel. Each pinion is
provided with a brake box to contain the brake and coupling mechanism;
these two brake boxes face each other on the pinion shaft, and that portion of
the shaft lying between them is screwed to fit the screwed boss of a sprocket
wheel which traverses on the shaft so as to act upon either brake and leave
the other free and uncoupled from the shaft. Near each end of the pinion
ratchets have teeth sloped in
shaft is a ratchet wheel and pall; these two
contrary directions. Under the two palls of these ratchets a long bar slides
with two inclined planes reverse to each other or two projections one to act
upon each pall, so that when the bar slides it will lift one pall out and let the
other down to act on the ratchet wheel below. The sliding motion is given
by traversing the sprocket wheel which is embraced between two forks or
arms attached to the sliding bar, so that when the hoisting is effected through
either wheel and pinion, the ratchet wheel and pall belonging to it are in-

page_text: action whilst the corresponding parts at the other end of the shaft are thrown
out. By these means all the advantages of the first-described plan are
obtained, with the addition of two speeds or powers instead of one. Instead
of the sprocket wheel a toothed wheel may be used similarly screwed in the
centre or other convenient part, as in the first described apparatus.
My Invention, although described as applied to lifting weights, may be
applied to actuating presses by substituting for the drum or barrel a strong
pinion to gear with a rack, and the actuating power may be by steam, or
manual, or otherwise.
The application of my said Invention to the moving of heavy bodies and to
transmitting and arresting motion for various purposes, differs in no essential
respect from the applications thereof herein described, the details only requiring
to be changed to adapt my Invention to the various purposes to which it is
applicable.
•
Having explained the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to describe,
with reference to the accompanying Drawings, the manner in which the same
is to be performed.
In Figures 1, 2, and 3 I have shown that part of my Invention which
relates to a sack lift. or single speed boist. Figure 1 is a longitudinal
elevation partly in section; Figure 2 is an elevation of the sprocket wheel
which controls both the hoisting and brake action, as herein-after explained;
Figure 4 is an elevation of one of the brake disks on the main shaft; Figure 5
is an elevation of one of the brake disks adapted in outline to the brake
cylinder; Figure 6 is a sectional elevation of the brake cylinder; Figure 3 is
an end elevation of the hoist shewing the ratchet wheel and pall. The two
series of disks forming the brake and coupling of the Patent No. 263,
January 29, 1863, are herein-after referred to as the shaft disks and cylinder
disks respectively, the materials and details of which are varied for different
uses, as herein-after shown. In all the Figures like letters refer to like parts.
a is the main shaft with bearings a', a', for the barrel to turn upon when un-
coupled therefrom; at a³ its sectional figure is adapted to the central opening
of the shaft disks; at as it is screwed to fit the internal screw in boss of the
sprocket wheel; at a, a, it has journals. 6 is the drum or barrel, on the exterior
of which is wound the usual lifting chain or rope; at b' is formed the brake
cylinder of the interior form shown by the sectional elevation, Figure 6, with
ribs 62 adapted to the grooves d' in the cylinder disks d. The shaft disks are
marked c; the cylinder. disks are marked d; e is the ratchet wheel with
pall e f is the sprocket wheel with screwed boss f¹ and projecting boss f
to enter brake cylinder.

page_text: may
The action may be thus explained. Upon applying motion to the endless
rope in the direction for hoisting the screwed boss f of the sprocket wheel
advances upon the screw as until it presses with sufficient force upon the brake
dises to establish a frictional connection between them, enough to transmit
motion thereby to the barrel b and overcome the resistance of the weight to
be lifted. The weight attached to the rope or chain depending from the
barrel b thus be lifted to the desired height, and it may then or at any
time during its ascent be suddenly let go, that is, the hoisting motion 'applied
to the endless rope may be instantly stopped, when the load will remain sus-
pended, the ratchet wheel e and pall e¹ preventing the shaft turning backwards
(the ratchet wheel e and pall being always in gear, both in lowering and
hoisting). To lower the weight motion is given by the endless rope to
the sprocket wheel in a contrary direction to that for hoisting, when, as
the shaft cannot possibly turn with it, the screwed boss f recedes from its
pressure on the brake disks, diminishing their frictional adhesion at the pleasure
of the operator until they are so far uncoupled that the weight runs down at
the desired rate or reaches the desired point, the descent being at any timé
checked or wholly arrested by again applying force to the endless rope and
sprocket wheel f in the direction for hoisting. Thus, by one endless rope,
which the operator may always keep in his hands, the lowering by friction
brake lifting or suspension of a load is controlled and effected with perfect
safety and great dispatch.
.:.
In Figures 7, 8, and 9, I have shown the gearing for a 'two-speed' hoist,
constructed according to my Invention, both speeds and the brake action for
lowering to each being controlled by one endless rope. Figure 7 is an end
elevation. showing the single purchase gearing. Figure 8 is an end elevation
partly in section, showing the double purchase gearing. Figure 9 is a
longitudinal elevation, partly in section.
"
a is the brake or pinion shaft with bearings for the brake pinions to turn
upon when uncoupled therefrom, the break and coupling of each being the
same as in the sack lift first described. At a, a, the shaft is of a sectional
figure adapted to the central opening of the shaft disks. At as it is screwed
to fit the screwed boss of sprocket wheel f. At a', a', the shaft has journals.
b', 6', are brake cylinders or pinions of the same sectional figure as shown in
Figure 6. c are the shaft disks, and,d the cylinder disks, as shown in the
sack lift. e, e, are ratchet wheels with palls c. 9 is a bar, forming' with its
attachments a pall shifter, to throw out one pall when the other is required to
act. h is the spur wheel of the single purchase gearing. i, i, are the two
spur wheels of the double purchase gearing.

page_text: The action may be thus explained. To use either speed or set of gearing the
sprocket wheelf must be turned so as to traverse it along the screw a' in the
direction to bring its boss in contact with the brake of the set of gearing (or
speed) required by continuing to turn the sprocket wheel in this direction hoisting
is effected as in the sack lift. And in a like manner to that described for the
sack lift lowering is effected, that is, by pulling the endless rope in a contrary
direction to that for hoisting. In using either set of gearing it is requisite to
throw the pall of the other ratchet wheel out of gear with it, which is effected
by the traversing motion of the sprocket wheel as it traverses the screw a
from one brake to the other; thus the two forks g', g¹ embrace the boss of the
sprocket wheel on opposite sides and transmit motion to the slide bar g, the
inclined planes or wedges 92, 9, simultaneously depressing the tail e' of one
pall, lifting it out of gear and receding from the tail of the other pall,
allowing it to fall in gear. One of these palls and ratchet wheels is a right-
band one and the other a left-hand one, as shown, as the direction in which
the brake shaft a and sprocket wheel turn in hoisting by one speed is the
reverse of the other, the main barrel for the lifting rope or chain (shown in
dotted lines in Figure 7) turning the same way for both speeds. The same
advantages in using either speed are obtained as described for the sack lift,
and in addition the same single endless rope gives the operator control of
two varying speeds for hoisting, either one of which, with its brake action,
requires only the one endless rope to operate it.
Although I have described a sprocket wheel and rope as the means for
operating these hoists or lifts, any equivalent and more convenient means may
be substituted, as for instance a band pulley or a spur wheel, that is, the
periphery of the sprocket wheel may be adapted to be driven by a band
or by a toothed wheel; in all cases the same advantages being secured in
enabling the lowering motion by brake, and the hoisting motion, with either
one or two speeds, to be effected and controlled from one point by one simple
means, as the first-named endless rope, and for the plain drum or barrel on
which the lifting rope or chain coils may be substituted a toothed chain wheel,
over which a lifting chain may pass, with each end depending. The cylinder
discs, Figure 5, are by preference of elm, and the shaft disks, Figure 4, of
iron.
Figure 10 is a side view, and Figure 11 an end view of my new or
improved method of actuating the patent friction coupling and brake upon a
shaft in motion in either direction.
a is the shaft; b, a spur wheel with brake cylinder b', containing the patent
brake and coupling; k is a collar keyed to the shaft and formed with two

page_text: pairs of lugs or jaws k¹, k', between which the two levers 1, 2, are secured by the
pins ka, k; m is a nearly similar collar, having also two pairs of jaws m¹, m¹,
in which are secured the two links n, n, by the pins m³, m³; the links n, n,
are also secured to the ends of the levers 1, 1, by two pins n', n¹; o isa
collar fixed on the shaft by a set screw to arrest the sliding motion of the
collar m; p is the outer one of the series of shaft disks, and is made with two
projections p, p, to receive more conveniently the pressure of the levers l, l.
The sliding collar m has a groove m³ to receive the forked end of a lever, by
which it may be forced along the shaft towards the brake, and coupling such
motion through the links n, n, carrying outwards the ends of the levers 7, 1, and
thus pressing by their other ends the disc p. The coupling action is thus
effected, the uncoupling or brake action being obtained by sliding the collar m
backwards. Any other convenient means than the forked lever may be used
to give the sliding motion to the collar m.
Figure 12 is a vertical section of my new or improved method of applying
the said patent brake and coupling to a vertical or inclined shaft, and it con-
sists of separating the shaft disks c by springs q, which prevent the accumu-
lated weight of all the discs pressing on the lower one and upon each other
when the applied pressure is withdrawn. Each spring is of sufficient strength
to lift all the discs lying above it, so that when the apparatus is uncoupled
each disk c rides freely on the spring beneath it, being out of contact with the
next disk d below it, and carrying the next disk d above it...Should it be
required to have each disk of both series free from contact on both of its
sides then the series of discs. d. must be separated by springs at their edges
in like manner to the central springs q of the disks c.
Figure 18 represents my new or improved method of applying the patent
coupling and brake as a looking glass bearing.
a is the shaft; b, the barrel or drum containing the brake and coupling;
f, a nut to apply the pressure; r is a clip to attach to the glass or other frame
by means of the dovetails r¹, r, and the screw r³..:
Figure 14 represents another method of applying the patent brake and
coupling to looking glasses or other like purposes, the attachment to the pillar
or support of the glass or other article to which it is applied being by means
of the piece r, which slides into a recess of corresponding figure made in the
said pillar or support, the required recess being readily made by a boring bit
for the circular part of the piece r and for the other part by cutting with a
chisel.
Figure 15 shows another method of applying the patent brake and coupling
to a looking glass or other article to which it may be applicable, such as a

page_text: music rest or writing flap of an invalid chair. The series of shaft disks c are
made to fit by their outer edges the interior of the barrel 6 which turns upon
them, to admit of which motion the barrel b has no internal ribs, but is of the
figure shown by the end view, and the disks d instead of being grooved at
their edges.have a projecting tongue d¹ to enter the groove 6 in the barrel 6.
The frictional action is obtained by the pressure of the screw nut f, and where
.both series of disks.are of metal elasticity to give smoothness of motion may
be, obtained by. placing.a piece of leather or other slightly elastic material
between any two discs of the same kind placed together or by a spring f
The forked bearing g has a square opening g¹ adapted to the square shaft a,
to keep. the same from turning, and it has also a tapered shank g' passing
downwards through the bush or bearing, h, in which it is secured by the
nut h. The barrel b is attached to the glass frame or other article by the
clip 6, and it may thus turn in one direction upon the frictional bearing of the
barrel 6 and may also revolve in the bearing h, giving two motions, which
.for a looking glass reflector, writing flap, book rest, and many other articles to
which it is applicable is a great desideratum.
Figures 16 and 17 represent my new or improved method of diminishing
the shock or concussion which would be received by a hoist or other machine
to which my patent brake and coupling is applied when the brake action is
brought into operation too suddenly. As the patent brake and coupling when
cused as a brake.is not only very sensitive but also very powerful, the operator
.may arrest the descent of a weight almost instantaneously, and thus cause
undue strain to the machinery connected therewith, or he may in using the
Invention as a coupling almost instantaneously couple together the parts of the
frictional coupling, giving sudden impulse to the machinery, and in either
case it is desirable to diffuse the shock by proper means, for which purpose
this part of my Invention is intended. Figure 16 is a transverse section and
Figure 17 a plan partly in section, showing the Invention applied to the large
wheel of a crane, or hoist, or other machine. On each side of the boss or
central part of the wheel a are recesses b arranged in a circle. In each recess
are two blocks of india-rubber c, or other elastic material, varying the same to
suit the requirements of the situation. On the inner faces of two fixed
collars d keyed to the shaft are radial wings or projections d' of suitable figure
to enter the recesses in the wheel boss a, so that one wing lies centrally in
each recess and midway between. the two pieces of india-rubber c, so that any
motion of the wheel on its shaft tends to compress simultaneously one of each
pair of blocks of the elastic material against one of the wings, and if the
motion of the wheel be reversed it in like manner compresses the other one in

page_text: each pair of the india-rubber blocks. As half the whole number of india-
rubber blocks are acted upon at once, whichever way the force may be, a
powerful spring action is interposed between the wheel and the shaft on which
it turus slightly as it compresses the india-rubber blocks in receiving from or
transmitting motion to the shaft.
Figure 18 is a transverse section, and Figure 19 a plan, partly in section, of
this part of my Invention applied to give an lastic resistance between a wheel
and shaft through a greater space than the first-described method, and it
consists of placing the wheel, as in the first instance, loose on the shaft, but
with the recesses and india-rubber blocks on one side of the wheel only, into
which recesses the wings of a collar e enter to act on the elastic material, as
described with reference to Figures 16 and 17, and on the back of this collar. é
are recesses similar to those on the wheel boss, with elastic material similarly
placed therein. This collar is loose on the shaft, and the next to it, marked.e¹,
is in all respects similar to the one e, the series being repeated as far as
necessary to give any required amount of elasticity, terminating with the
collar g, which is firmly secured to the shaft by the key g¹, so that any force
transmitted between the wheel and shaft must act through the elastic con-
nection formed by the series of discs e, e¹, to g, with recesses on one side and
wings on the other, the collar 9 having wings only and the wheel boss
recesses only. The whole series of discs might be repeated on the other side
of the wheel if needed, terminating in another fixed collar similar to the fixed
collar g. Instead of a spur wheel the Invention is obviously also applicable
to crane barrels, the bosses or eyes of levers where they surround a shaft, the
eye of a crank; and to many other purposes for diminishing the shocks of
sudden force..
%
Figures 20 to 25 represent my new or improved method of applying my
patent coupling and brake to a hoist or other machine requiring its motion to
be regulated in such manner as to make it self-acting in controlling the rate
of motion of such machine. Figure 20 is a longitudinal view partly in
section; Figure 21 is an end elevation, shewing the parts forming the
governor; Figure 25, elevation and plan of bottom of governor weights;
Figure 22, transverse section of governor box; Figure 23, side view of the
same; Figure 24, edge view of the same. a is a shaft with the patent.
coupling and brake and also the governor and connected parts upon it. This
shaft may also carry the hoisting barrel of a crane, or if the barrel of the
hoisting machine is upon a separate shaft the brake or governor shaft a must
be-geared thereto by toothed gearing or otherwise so as to secure simultaneous
motion therewith; bis the brake barrel containing the patent coupling and

page_text: brake herein-before referred to, which in the simplest mode of applying the
Invention to a hoist is fixed to the frame of the hoist as shown in Figure 20:
c is a sliding collar to act immediately upon the brake disks, and it is con-
nected by the four rods d with another sliding collar e. To the collar e are
secured the ends of the four straps or bands f, the other ends of which are
secured to the smaller diameter of the two pulleys g. To the larger diameters
of these pulleys g are secured the ends of two straps h, which terminate at
in the weights i, shown separately in Figure 25. The weights i slide in a
hollow box k, shown separately in Figures 22, 23, and 24, which is formed
in three pieces or castings, that is, the two cheeks or side pieces ¹,,
and a surrounding case k³, and secured together by the lugs and pins k', also
by the two short stays 1, 1, the outer ends of which form bearings for the four
small pulleys m. The governor box is keyed to the shaft a by a boss and
key. Around the pulleys m are two endless belts n, to which the two
weights are secured by the lugs or clips o. These lugs or clips are situated
diagonally opposite to each other on the weight, as shown in Figure 25, and
the effect of such connection between the two weights and the two straps is,
that when one weight moves outwards in the box k, the other must move
equally outwards towards the other end of the box, and the reverse; if one
weight moves inwards towards the shaft, so also must the other. The weights
are thus always in equilibrio, and this centrifugal force when in revolution is
transmitted equally by the straps h and f to the sliding collar e and to the brake
disks at b; p is a spring adjustable in its force by the screws and collar g, so
that any desired speed may be secured to a hoist in lowering weights or to
another machine to which it is applied. Thus if a low speed be required the
tension of the spring p must be relaxed by the screws q, and the centrifugal.
force of the weights i, i, having little to overcome in the resistance of the
spring will at once act on the brake disks through the collars e, c, rods d, and
straps f, h, and check the revolution of the shaft a.
A higher resistance in
the spring p will, of course, require a bigher velocity on the shaft before the S
brake disks are acted upon. To diminish friction in the sliding weights strips.
of hardened wood are inserted at 2. The smaller diameters of the pulleys g
may be made of varying radius where required to give an increasing pressure
on the disks as the weights move outwards, that is, instead of being circular
in outline they may be eccentric or cam shaped. The stationary brake 8
barrel 6 may, where required, be made to transmit the force received from the
shaft by the coupling action of the disks, so as to arrest the motion of the.
shaft a by other means than the solid connection of the brake barrel with the
framework; sucb, for example, as a weight or brake strap...

page_text: The mode of applying my improved "speed governor, shown in Figures 20
to 24, is especially applicable to lowering weights. In hoisting machinery
should it be required to use the same apparatus for regulating or limiting the
speed at which a hoisting or other machine is driven or actuated in lifting a
weight or doing other work, the following modifications are required:-The
shaft a instead of being driven by a wheel fixed firmly upon it, must be con-
nected to the said driving wheel by the patent coupling and brake, the.
pressure to couple the same to be supplied by the spring p or a weighted lever.
The pressure of the spring would be transmitted to the disks of the said driving
wheel the collar e pressing immediately upon them. The object of such
modification being that when the desired speed was exceeded and the collar e
withdrawn from the discs of the driving wheel, the shaft a would cease to be
driven, thus securing the hoist or other machine from excessive driving force,
and limiting the speed of the same..
Other combinations and arrangements of the patent coupling and brake
with the governing apparatus described, may be used for regulating speed in.
machinery; for example, the, brake. barrel b, Figure 20, instead of being
attached to the frame of the machine and absorbing the surplus power of the.
shaft a received by friction upon its disks when the given speed is exceeded in.
the manner described and explained with reference to Figures 20 to 24,
might by being allowed to revolve, with the shaft a, transmit such surplus
power to another shaft by toothed gear or otherwise, and this latter shaft
might likewise be regulated by similar connection with a third, repeating the
arrangement as far as necessary. To apply the governor to a steam engine it
is necessary that the brake barrel b be free to revolve with the shaft a when
coupled therewith; such rotatory motion when received by the brake barrel b
being transmitted through any ordinary means to the throttle valve or
expansion gear of the engine.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit
myself to the precise details herein described and illustrated in the Drawings,
as the same may be varied without departing from the nature of my
Invention; but I claim as my Invention,-
Firstly, constructing hoisting machines for raising, lowering, and moving
heavy bodies in the manner herein-before described and illustrated in Figures
1 to 9, both inclusive, of the accompanying Drawings, so that the single
endless rope, winch handle, or other simple means by which power is applied
to the machine serves also for actuating the brake apparatus in lowering, this

page_text: part of my Invention being also applicable for actuating presses for trans-
mitting motion, and for other like purposes.
Secondly, the arrangement or combination of parts herein-before described
and illustrated in Figures 10 and 11 of the accompanying Drawings for
operating the coupling and brake..
Thirdly, the arrangement or combination of parts herein-before described
and illustrated in Figure 12 of the accompanying Drawings for adapting the
coupling and brake to vertical and other shafts.
Fourthly, the arrangements or combinations of parts herein-before described
and illustrated in Figures 13, 14, and 15 of the accompanying Drawings for
applying the coupling and brake to the bearings of looking, swing, and other
glasses, and for other like purposes.
Fifthly, the arrangement or combination of parts herein-before described
and illustrated in Figures 16, 17, 18, and 19 of the accompanying Drawings
for preventing 'accidents from the too sudden transmission of motion to or from
a shaft by means of the coupling and brake.
Lastly, the arrangement or combination of parts herein-before described
and illustrated in Figures 20 to 25, both inclusive, of the accompanying
Drawings for applying the coupling and brake to the regulation of the speed
of a rotating shaft.
i In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Aldridge Weston, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
THOMAS ALDRIDGE WESTON. (L.S.)