CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PURIFICATION AND CLARIFICATION OF SUGAR, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE PURIFYING AND CLARIFYING OTHER ARTICLES OF COMMERCE
Year: 1844

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
COOPER, of Hoxton, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-eighth day of March, in the seventh year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Joseph Cooper, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said Joseph Cooper, my exors, admors, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Joseph Cooper, my exors, admors, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, and in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and
Man, and also in all Her said Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PURIFICATION AND CLARIFICATION
OF SUGAR, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE PURIFYING AND
CLARIFYING OTHER ARTICLES OF COMMERCE;" in which said Letters Patent is
contained a proviso that I, the said Joseph Cooper, shall cause a particular
description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joseph Cooper, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had
to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say:-
And it is also well known
In the manufacture of sugar it is well known that when the boiling has
been completed the sugar is placed into vessels to be crystallized, and after
standing some time till the crystallization has taken place, the sugar is
removed from the crystallizing vessel and packed.
that molasses are mixed with the crystallized sugar, much of which runs off to
waste in the voyage, and otherwise, in transporting the sugar from place to
place; the sugar is also injured by the presence of molasses; and it is very
desirable that such molasses should be removed from the sugar before the
same is removed from the crystallizing vessel. And in other subsequent
processes of treating sugar after boiling and crystallizing syrups thereof in
refining the same, there is at all times more or less uncrystallized syrup in
the crystallizing vessels used, which it is desirable to separate from the crys-
tals of sugar.
Now the object of my Invention is to apply vessels so constructed that in
the crystallizing process resorted to in the manufacture of sugar, and also in
crystallizing sugar in subsequent processes for refining the same, that the
molasses or uncrystallized fluid may be drawn off from the crystallized sugar
by the aid of a vacuum without first removing the sugar from the crystallizing
vessels. And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 represents a plan, Figure 2 a longitudinal section, and Figure 3 a
transverse section of a vessel suitable for crystallizing and also for purifying
and clarifying sugar according to my Invention. The crystallizing vessels are
to be so arranged that the process of crystallizing sugar may be carried on in
the ordinary manner, and then, in place of removing the crystallized sugar
therefrom, together with the molasses or with uncrystallized syrup, as hereto
fore, the vessels are to be so arranged that the lower part thereof may be
opened to a vacuum, and the pressure of the atmosphere brought to act on
the contents of the vessels, by which the fluid matters will flow off towards the
vacuum, the crystallized sugar remaining in the vessel; and if it be desired
that the crystals should be more cleansed from coloring matters than will be

page_text: accomplished by this process, the crystals may be treated with a concentrated
syrup of sugar, as has before been practised when it has been desired to im-
prove the color of the sugar. This syrup of sugar will flow down towards the
vacuum and cleanse the crystals of sugar more fully, and leave them suffi-
ciently dry for packing. The arrangement of apparatus for accomplishing my
Invention may be varied, but I believe the means shewn in the Drawing will
be found the most convenient for the purpose. The lower part or bottom of
the vessel is made sloping, and the lowest part is so formed that apparatus may
be conveniently applied to close the otherwise open part thereof, by which means
when the bottom is so closed the vessel may be used as an ordinary
crystallizing vessel; but when the crystallization has been accomplished, by
opening the bottom the lower part of the vessel will be put in communication
with a vacuum, and thus facilitate the drawing off the fluid matters from the
crystals of sugar, thereby purifying and clarifying the same. a is a curved
surface at the bottom of the crystallizing vessel; this curved surface is per-
forated with small holes, and on the interior is placed a tube b, having a long
split or opening, which, being turned upwards (the interior made vacuous),
brings the pressure of the atmosphere to act on the sugar in the crystallizing
vessel, and thus facilitates the removal of the fluid matter from the crystals
of sugar. The tube 6 turns within the outer tube a as a plug in a cock, the
upper part only of the tube a, or that part which comes within the crystallizing
vessel, being perforated. At one end of the pipe 6 is (connected by means of
an air-tight joint at c, a branch pipe d, one branch of which enters into a
the other end or branch communicates with an air pump or
proper vessel
other suitable apparatus for exhausting the air from the vessel e and the tube b.
It will be evident that other arrangement of apparatus may be used at the
bottom of a crystallizing vessel for closing the same when the process of
crystallization is going on, and for opening the same into a vacuum or partial
vacuum in place of the perforated tube a and split or open tube b, without
departing from my Invention, whereby the crystallizing process may be carried
on in a proper vessel, and then, by aid of a vacuum or partial vacuum brought
into action under the crystallized sugar therein, to facilitate the removal of the
fluid matters therein before removing the sugar from the vessel in which the
process of crystallization has been carried on.
e,
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the best means I
am acquainted with for performing the same, I would remark that I am aware
that sugar after being crystallized has been removed from the crystallizing
vessel and placed in a filter, and it has had water or spirit applied thereto, and
a vacuum or partial vacuum has been obtained below the sugar spread on the

page_text: filter, thus bringing the atmosphere to press on the sugar, thus separating the
fluid with the coloring mattter from the crystallized sugar; and for such means
of operating Patents have (several years back) been obtained. And I mention
this circumstance in order to state that I do not claim the clarification and
purification of sugar by the aid of a vacuum or partial vacuum generally; but
what I claim is, the mode herein described of purifying and clarifying sugar by
employing apparatus suitably arranged for allowing the crystallizing process to
be performed therein, and then to admit of the vessel being opened to a
vacuum or partial vacuum, so as to bring the pressure of the atmosphere to
operate on the mass and displace the fluid matters therefrom.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Cooper, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-four.

page_text: ment grante
the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for his Invention of " CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PURIFICATION AND CLARIFICATION OF SUGAR, WHICH-
IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE PURIFYING AND CLARIFYING
OTHER ARTICLES OF COMMERCE," bearing date at Westminster, the
Twenty-eighth day of March, in the seventh year of the reign of
Her present most Excellent Majesty.
DISCLAIMER proposed to be entered by the said Joseph Cooper with the
Clerk of the Patents of England, pursuant to an Act passed in the fifth
and sixth year of the reign of IIis late Majesty King William the
Fourth, entitled, "An Act to amend the Law touching Letters Patent
for Inventions."
I, the said Joseph Cooper, do declare that since I obtained the said Letters
Patent I have discovered that the Invention which was intented to have been
described under that part of the title which is contained in the following words,
"which improvements are also applicable to the purifying and clarifying
other articles of commerce," is not of such practical utility as would make it
desirable to retain it in the said Patent, for which reason I am desirous to and
do hereby disclaim all that part of the title which is contained in the following
words," which improvements are also applicable to the purifying and clari-
fying other articles of commerce.
In witness whereof, I the said Joseph Cooper, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-four.
JOSEPH COOPER. (L.S.)
I have this day granted my flat, giving leave to the above-mentioned
Joseph Cooper, of Hoxton, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, to file
with you the above written Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration.
FRED. THESIGER.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-eighth day of Septem-
ber, in the year of our Lord 1844, the aforesaid Joseph Cooper came
before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified,
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.