matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF PEAT FOR FUEL
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Jenson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st July
1874. A communication from abroad by A. Mault, of Boulevard
du Nord, Paris, France.
:
I, PETER JENSON, of 89, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE TREATMENT OF PEAT FOR FUEL," (a communication to me from abroad
by A. Mault, of Boulevard du Nord, Paris, France), to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention is based upon the principle of removing from the
crude peat as dug from the bog, from say 70 to 90% more or less of the
water contained in it before subjecting it to further treatment. This
removal of water is done by evaporation. This part of my process may
be accomplished by ordinary air drying combined or not with a periodical
turning over of the peat, I prefer however to do it in a chamber through
which a current of air by preference heated is made to pass, whilst the
peat itself spread upon movable platforms or tables is made to move
from one end of the chamber to the other.

page_text: The peat before being exposed to the drying process is torn up, which
may be done by a machine fitted with spiked rollers somewhat similar to
that used in wool manufactures, called a devil. The said platforms or
tables are made to run or slide on rollers or wheels bedded in the bottom
of the said chamber in such a manner that only about an inch more or
less of their peripheries project above the bottom of the chamber. The
rollers or wheels being set in motion by a gear propel the said platforms
or tables onwards from the one end of the chamber to the other at the
speed required for the layers of the peat placed upon the said platforms
or tables to obtain the desired dryness. The heated air which is required
to cause the evaporation of the moisture from the peat is drawn through
the chamber by means of an exhaust fan placed at the outlet end of the
said chamber, or forced by a blow fan placed at the inlet end, or by a
combination of both.
In order to facilitate the evaporation of the water from the peat, and
to prevent its becoming too dry on the surface and not sufficiently so at
the bottom and interior of the layer, I use one or more movable or
stationary apparatus for turning over or stirring up the peat, thus, for
instance, a kind of rake may be placed at intervals along the whole
length of the chamber, and be made to move up and down by means of
gear, and to rake up the peat on the tables or platforms whilst passing
along.
The temperature of the heated air is regulated so as to dry the peat
sufficiently, and yet not more than that it will cake and hold firmly
together when stamped and compressed, which may be accomplished by
similar means as those used for the making of bricks or artificial
fucl.
The temperature will vary somewhat according to. the speed employed,
the condition of the material. and other circumstances: in some
A NEW OR IMPROVED TORCH OR FLAMBEAU FOR SIGNALLING ON BOARD SHIP, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Cowley Kermode at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th March 1874.
I, THOMAS COWLEY KERMODE, of Peel, in the Isle of Man, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED TORCH OR
FLAMBEAU FOR SIGNALLING ON BOARD SHIP, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
=
Hitherto torches or "flambeaux" of this class have been clumsy tin
cans with wicks in them dipping into the spirit, and difficulty has been
experienced in putting out the torches or "flambeaux;" it has been usual
to smother the flame by putting it into the can, and thus endangering
the contents thereof. Now by my Invention this danger is entirely
obviated, and at the same time a convenient, handy, and safe torch or
flambeau is provided.
The Invention consists of a tube or holder for spirits of turpentine,
petroleum, or other hydrocarbon, with, an aperture at or near the upper
end for filling same, closed by stopper, screwed or otherwise. The wick
is at top with tube passing through centre of same perforated at or near

page_text: the upper part, having a rod passing through same and in communi-
cation at its lower end with a spring valve, by pressing which spirit
from the holder is admitted to the tube, which passing through the
perforations therein saturates the cotton. There is non-conducting
material placed between the wick and the valve. The flame is ex-
tinguished by placing a metal cap on the wick.
The apparatus may be made of tin, brass, or copper. The torch when
once lighted can be kept alight as long as there is spirit in the holder to
feed it. The whole apparatus may be placed in any position or anywhere
desired and the spirit will not spill out. A neat and compact torch is
thus made, which can be instantly. put out without danger of setting fire
to the spirit in holder, now often done by the torches in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN NEEDLE WRAPPERS OR NEEDLE CASES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Victor Milward at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
October 1874.
I, VICTOR MILWARD, of Ipsley, in the County of Warwick, Needle
and Fish Hook Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN NEEDLE WRAPPERS OR NEEDLE CASES,"
to be as follows:—
My Invention consists of the combination or arrangement hercin-after
described of the parts of needle wrappers or needle cases whereby ready
access to the needles is obtained, and the parts forming the pocket or
casc in which the needles are held are so firmly bound or secured
together that there is little risk of the said parts becoming detached.
"
· I take a needle paper or blank of the ordinary shape, and provided
Near the bottom of
with the ordinary longitudinal and cross creases.
the said paper I make two incisions or cuts passing across the side
divisions of the paper to the central part thereof. By means of these

page_text: Instead of making upper incisions or cuts in the paper for forming
the side wings and upper tuck, piercings or perforations may be made
at the same places in the paper.
When piercings or perforations are used the wrapper or case when
opened for the first time has to be torn at the said piercings or per-
forations for turning back the side wings to expose the heads and upper
parts of the needles.
IMPROVED MEANS AND METHOD OF PREVENTING DECAY OF WOOD AND OTHER LIGNEOUS FIBRES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sir Francis. Charles Knowles,
Baronet, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 30th April 1874.
"
I, Sir FRANCIS CHARLES KNOWLES, Baronet, of Lovells Hill, in the
County of Berks, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED MEANS AND METHOD OF PREVENTING DECAY OF WOOD AND OTHER
LIGNEOUS FIBRES," to be as follows:--
This Invention relates to improved means and method of preventing
decay of wood and other ligneous fibres, and consists principally in
steeping the wood in block, balk, or other form in close or open vats or
vessels in liquor or pulp produced by the saturation of peat in its
natural state. If the vessels are close ones I prefer to inject the pulpy
mass or semi-liquid peat into it after the wood is placed in and the lids or
covers fastened down, and by first exhausting the air from such vessels
so that the inflowing liquor may the more freely enter the pores of the
wood by absorbtion, or after exhausting the air I force in the liquor
under steam or hydraulic pressure.

page_text: It is well ascertained that trees which have been imbedded in peat
bogs for centuries are found to be perfectly sound and undecayed. This
process of nature it is the object of my present Invention to apply
artificially to the preservation of timber, wood, woody, or textile fibres,
and similar materials from dry rot, fungus rot, mould, and other modes
of decay. If the bog is at hand and the peat pulpy the pulp may be
used directly by the addition of a little water to the mass, the whole
being thrown into the preserving tank. The wood or other substance is
then to be immersed in the soft mass and allowed to remain there until
it has taken up the juices of the peat, which may be in about a fortnight.
When greater celerity is desired the tank must admit of being covered
in water-tight, and it is then to be submitted to hydraulic pressure.
When the peat is to be carried to a distance it must be cut up and
pulped by any of the known methods in use for the purpose, and bricks
of it made in the form most convenient for transport or reduced to
powder. For use in the tank it must be macerated with water as before
until a viscous condition is obtained, after which the wood or other sub-
stance to be preserved is to be immersed in the mass, and either allowed
to absorb gradually the peat juices or submitted to hydraulic pressure in
order to accelerate that absorption. The preserved material is then to
be desired.
be desired.
The Invention is specially intended for treating railway sleepers,
telegraph poles, and other timber subject to
exposure.
AN IMPROVED FLOUR DRESSING MACHINE
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd September 1874.-A communication from abroad by Moritz
Martin, of Bitterfeld, Prussia.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FLOUR DRESSING MACHINE,"
a communication, to be as follows:
By means of a machine constructed according to this Invention it is
intended to increase the efficiency of dressing cylinders, and conse-
quently to reduce the space hitherto occupied in mills by flour dressing
machines.
According to this Invention the revolving cylinder around which the
silk gauze is stretched is made very short and proportionately larger in
diameter then usual. The two solid wooden bottoms can be regulated
in their reciprocal distance by screwed stays outside of the gauze, but
in the interior there are no stays forming part of the cylinder. To the
centre of the one, say, the right-hand bottom is screwed a cast-iron

page_text: hollow nave, the boss of which is fixed on the central wrought-iron
shaft. The other or left-hand bottom of the cylinder has in its centre a
circular opening through the same, and over the central shaft I place a
cast-iron cylindrical tube, entering at its extreme end into the aforesaid
hollow nave, and which by means of spur wheels is made to turn very
slowly in a direction contrary to the dressing cylinder.
Inside of the aforesaid tube, a worm, the thread of which is fixed to
the central shaft, moves together to the dressing cylinder. In the said
tube there are four openings, of these, No. 1, communicates with a hopper
for the feeding of the groats into the tube, the worm having moved
the groats a short distance forward they fall through opening No. 2,
into the cylinder, here they are raked from one side to the other and
stirred up by several arms fixed to the tube and bearing inclined per-
forated ledges at their ends, by which means the bolting process is
accelerated; the flour falls into a funnel-shaped part of the box en-
closing the whole apparatus, and thence into a bag or other receptacle
as usual; the bran however is removed by a scoop or shovel, also
revolving with the aforesaid cast-iron tube, the scoop raising the bran
and then letting it slide into opening No. 3 of the tube. Between
openings Nos. 2 and 3, there is a partition to prevent a mixing of the
groats with the bran. From opening No. 3 the worm shifts the bran to
opening No. 4 at the end of the tube, whence it falls through a vertical
channel into a proper receptacle as usual. All of the aforesaid revolving
parts are placed in proper bearings fixed to a suitable frame and closely
fitted together to prevent a waste of flour.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTMANTEAUS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harry Townson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th October
1874.
I, HARRY TOWNSON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Portmanteau Maker, do hereby declaro the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTMANTEAUS," to be as follows:-
In the ordinary method of manufacturing portmanteaus two metal
frames are commonly employed to give rigidity to the edge of the lid,
and that portion of the body on which the lid shuts down, each of the
said metal frames consisting of a strip of sheet iron inserted in the edges
of the lid and body respectively.
My improvements consist in strengthening both the lid and body of
the portmanteau by means of arched metallic bands in combination with
the metal frames described. One series of the said bands extends
along the top longitudinally, and another series crosses the top at right
angles to the former. The longitudinal and transverse bands are
interlaced, that is they alternately pass over and under one another, and
the ends of the several bands are secured to the metal frames by

page_text: rivetting. The bands may also be rivetted to one another at their
crossings. The framing of bands thus formed constitutes as it were a
skeleton or foundation on which is placed the leather, cloth, or other
material of which the portmanteau is made.
Strength to almost any required degree may be obtained by increasing 5
the number of the arched metal bands, which together with the metal
frames form the skeleton or foundation of the portmanteau.
My Invention may either be applied to the lid only of the portmanteau
or to the body only, or to both lid and body.
By my Invention great strength and lightness are obtained, and much 1
less strength in the covering material is required than in portmanteaus
manufactured in the ordinary way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES AND IN STOPPERS FOR SUCH BOTTLES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Eastwood at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th March
1874.
I, CHARLES EASTWOOD, of Luddenden Foot, in the Parish of Halifax,
in the County of York, Gardener, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES AND IN STOPPERS FOR SUCH
BOTTLES," to be as follows:-
.
This Invention relates more particularly to bottles for containing
aerated or gaseous liquids and beer, and my improvements consist in
constructing such bottles with two necks at or about right angles to one
another.
The stopper is provided with two facings of india-rubber or other
clastic substance; it is inserted through one of the necks, and is so
constructed that the internal pressure of the gases arising from the
liquid forces the india-rubber faces against the inside of the necks, and
thus prevents the gas or liquid from escaping.
The neck through which the stopper passes serves as a stuffing box,
and by making the stopper with a spindle to project on the outside the

page_text: stopper may be turned round on its neck, and by so doing the part of the
stopper opposite and on the outlet of the other neck is removed
therefrom, thus allowing the liquid to escape.
It will be understood that in aerated liquids the internal pressure
suffices to keep the stopper in its proper position, but by means of a 5
clip or spring for keeping the stopper close to the necks of the bottle
such stoppers may be used to contain liquors which are not aerated or
gaseous.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR COLLECTING FARES, CHECKS, OR TICKETS ON PUBLIC CONVEYANCES, THEATRES, AND OTHER PLACES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Carter and John
Henry Carter, the younger, at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 20th August 1874.
WC, JOHN HENRY CARTER, and JOHN HENRY CARTER, the younger,
both of Park Square, Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED
FOR COLLECTING FARES, CHECKS, OR TICKETS ON PUBLIC CONVEYANCES, THEATRES,
AND OTHER PLACES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the application of an additional check to
boxes now in use for collecting fares, checks, or tickets in public
conveyances, theatres, or other places, and is particularly applicable to
boxes having tables on which the money is placed, and is as hereafter
described.
We fix above the table a hopper formed of glass which is provided
with an opening at the bottom, so that the money, checks, or tickets
pass through on to the table. The table is enclosed within the
hopper.

page_text: This
The hopper being formed of glass the money, checks, or tickets may
be counted or examined after passing through the hopper on to the table
and then afterwards precipitated into the box in the usual manner.
arrangement of hopper may be employed on all collecting boxes having
tables on which the money is placed, and prevents the collector taking
the money off the table after being placed there. Also is an additional
preventive of money, checks, or tickets being got out of the box after
once being passed into it.
IMPROVED METHOD OF OPERATING UPON OLD RAILWAY RAILS AND RAIL ENDS FOR THE UTILIZATION THEREOF TO USEFUL
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Walter Dyson, of the Carbrook Forge
and Rolling Mills, Tinsley, near Rotherham, in the County of
York, and Edgar Temple Ward, of Attercliffe, in the same County,
for the Invention of an "IMPROVED METHOD OF OPERATING UPON OLD
RAILWAY RAILS AND RAIL ENDS FOR THE UTILIZATION THEREOF TO USEFUL
Sealed the 15th December 1874, and dated the 23rd June 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Walter Dyson
and Edgar Temple Ward at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 23rd June 1874.
We, GEORGE WALTER DYSON, of the Carbrook Forge. and Rolling
Mills, Tinsley, near Rotherham, in the County of York, and EDGAR
TEMPLE WARD, of Attercliffe, in the same County, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED METHOD OF OPERATING

page_text: UPON OLD RAILWAY RAILS AND RAIL ENDS FOR THE UTILIZATION THEREOF TO
USEFUL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
↓
The object of our Invention is the utilization of old railway rails and
rail ends by a particular method of slitting and rolling them by chilled
and other rolls, whereby flat bars, small rods, and wire can be formed.
In carrying our Invention into effect we slit the old rails or rail ends
along the centre of the web or near to the centre, so that about the same
quantity of metal is left at each side of the slit. We then roll the head
portions of the rails or rail ends separately into long lozenge or kite
shapes, previous to rolling those pieces into square or flat bars, the shape
of the rolls corresponding.
In the case of double-headed rails and rail ends we operate upon both
of them in the same manner; but with flat bottom or single-headed rails
and rail ends we flatten them first and then slit up the centre of the web,
as with double heads, in rolls of circular construction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF ECONOMIZING FUEL IN STEAM BOILERS AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Howatson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th March 1874.*
I, ANDREW HOWATSON, of Cronberry, Auchinleck, in the County of
Ayr, North Britain, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF ECONOMIZING
FUEL IN STEAM BOILERS AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as
follows:-
The Invention relates to that class of boiler employed for generating
steam for driving motive-power engines or for other purposes, the object
of its design being to economize fuel consumed in the furnaces of
such generators by the novel employment of hot air obtained by the
absorbtion of waste heat, which as produced is passed to the furnace
where it becomes the only agent supplying the same with the gases of
combustion.
The improvements consist in the novel construction and employment of

page_text: or openings passing through the heated flues in and through which
the waste heat from the fire escapes to the chimney.
The interstices or passages conveying air to the fire are partitioned or
separated from the passage conveying waste heat therefrom by means of
bricks, tiles, or fire-clay slabs, so as to keep the two passages clear and
distinct from each other.
The direction of the air passage in and about the heated flues is such
that the air after freely entering therein rushes onward to the ash-pit,
and in its course absorbs the waste heat radiating from the heated flucs,
thereby causing such air to be raised to a very high temperature at the
time of its escaping into the ash-pit (which is closed so as to prevent
the entrance of cold air thereto) from whence the heated air passes
through the bars and so becomes the only medium feeding the fire with
the gases of combustion, effecting thereby a great saving and economy
in the consumption of fuel by causing a more thorough combustion of
the gases evolved therefrom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR CLEANING AND POLISHING BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Lazarus Davis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th December 1874.
I, DAVID LAZARUS DAVIS, of Dublin, Commission Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES
OR APPARATUS FOR CLEANING AND POLISHING BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention has for its object the construction of machines or
apparatus by means of which boots and shoes can be cleaned and
polished as required with greater rapidity and with a smaller amount of
labour than in the ordinary manner. For this purpose my Invention
consists in mounting a set or sets of .cleaning and polishing brushes on a
spindle which is caused to revolve by means of a treadle and fly wheel
or otherwise, and the boots or shoes are cleaned and polished as required
by pressing them against the revolving brushes with the requisite degrec
of pressure.
The spindle is mounted so as to admit of its being removed when
required in order to change the brushes, which are circular in the cross
section, the bristles of which the brush is composed being fixed radially

page_text: in relation to the axis thereof. If proferred, a guard may be fitted on
the spindle between the cleaning and polishing brushes.
A rail or bar is adapted to the machine just below the brushes to form
a rest for the hand of the operator, and there is a shelf for holding boots
and shoes and blacking or other material required.
By means of machines constructed in the manner stated, boots and
shoes may be cleaned and polished on each side of the machine at the
same time, and thereby increase the rapidity with which the operations
of cleaning and polishing may be carried on upon a large number of
boots and shoes.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Colquhoun at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
December 1874.
I, JOHN COLQUHOUN, of Greenock, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WEARING APPAREL," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention which relates to improvements in wearing apparel has
for its object the production of over or outside coats, which whilst having
considerable warmth are at the same time of light weight.
The Invention consists in the employment of an interlining of down
or feathers. In applying the interlining the down or feathers are placed
in a casing or bag, which is afterwards compressed into a thin layer and
quilted. In this condition it is applied as an interlining, that is to say,
between the outside cloth and inside lining of the coat.
A NEW OR IMPROVED LINING FOR HORSE COLLARS, SADDLES, AND OTHER PARTS OF HARNESS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jolin Garrett Tongue at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th April 1874.-A communication from abroad by Dexter Curtis
and Henry Gilman, both of Madison, Wisconsin, United States of
America.
I, JOHN GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue & Birkbeck, Patent
Agents and Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED LINING FOR HORSE COLLARS, SADDLES, AND
OTHER PARTS OF HARNESS," (communicated to me from abroad by Dexter
Curtis and Henry Gilman, both of Madison, Wisconsin, United States
of America), to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to prevent the contact or bearing
surfaces of horse collars and other parts of harness or saddles from
chafing and galling the flesh of the animal, and to heal the flesh when
galled or chafed.
The Invention consists in the application of an imperforate sheet lead

page_text: lining to such parts of the harness as produce or are liable to produce
the gall or chafe.
! The form of the lead lining may be varied indefinitely, of course to
correspond to the part of the harness to which it is to be applied, and it
should be made sufficiently large to present an imperforate surface over
the parts of the animal to be protected, so as to cover the edges of the
wound if any should exist. The flexibility of the sheet lead causes the
lining to conform readily in shape to the part of the harness to which it
is to be applied, and to yield and bend so as to bear uniformly upon the
animal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TORPEDO BOATS OR VESSELS AND IN THE MODES OF PROPELLING AND CONTROLLING THE SAME
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Dykeman Caldwell at
'
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th May 1874.-A communication from abroad by John L.
Lay, of Buffalo, in the State of New York, United States of America,
Naval Engineer.
I, STEPHEN DYKEMAN CALDWELL, of Buffalo, in the State of New
York, United States of America, at present residing at Long's Hotel,
Bond Street, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TORPEDO BOATS OR
VESSELS AND IN THE MODES OF PROPELLING AND CONTROLLING THE SAME," a com-
munication to me from abroad by John L. Lay, of Buffalo, aforesaid,
Naval Engineer, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of torpedo boats or
travelling torpedos to run in the water partially or wholly submerged as
may be desired, which boats or vessels are arranged to carry an explosive
magazine either in the forward end of the boat or in any other part
thereof, so as to be capable of destroying any ship against which it may
come in contact.

page_text: The torpedo boats or vessels are propelled by an ordinary screw pro-
peller worked by engines, and the boats are steered by the same or other
engines.
The torpedo boat is so constructed as that it may be possible for it to
become wholly or partially immersed in the water, so that by arrange-
ments having control of the engines the boat may be made to proceed
either in a line with the water or at any desired angle above or below
the water line.
The boat is fitted with a pair of wings or horizontal rudders placed
one on each side of the stern and worked by the engines within the boat,
in the same manner that the principal or perpendicular rudder is worked
and throwing the stern up or down as it may be desired to dive or rise.
The wings may be located at the bow of the boat, with the same
result.
The engines are worked by means of carbonic acid gas contained in
the boat in a condensed or liquified form, which is liberated and utilized
by the application of electricity. Every movement of the boat and of
the engines is also directed and controlled from shore or from a ship by
an operator by means of an electric wire, insulated by means of gutta
percha or other insulating material, such cable being carried within and
paid out from the torpedo boat while in motion. The torpedo boat can
thus at the will of the operator be made to go ahead, stop, back, dive,
steer in any desired direction, and change from one position to another.
Also when the boat comes in contact with a ship or other obstruction
ahead, the operator is instantly notified of the fact through the wire
above-mentioned. The magazine in the boat can be exploded by the
operator through the same wire, or can be so arranged as to explode
by concussion on coming in contact with the obstructive vessel or
obstacle.
I prefer the boat to be "cigar shaned" and to be constructed either of
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING BY Gas
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William M*Kay at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
October 1874.
I, WILLIAM MOKAY, of Carnoustic, in the County of Forfar, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "A
NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING BY Gas," to be as follows, that is
to say:-
This Invention, which relates to a new or improved apparatus for
heating by gas, has for its object to cconomise the consumption of the
gas by a self-acting arrangement, which when the apparatus is not used
for heating an object shuts the gas off, but when so used the weight of
the object being or about to be heated opens a valve by which the gas
is turned on.
The apparatus is attached to an ordinary gas pipe, and consists of an
upright stem in the lower part of which is a valve; the valve is closed
by means of a spring lifting it upwards. On the upper part of the
spindle which carries the valve the frame upon which the articles are
heated is held, and through the frame the burners in which the gas is

page_text: burned projects so as to distribute the flame on the under surface of the
articles.
The moveable parts of the apparatus through or about which the
gases pass are surrounded by water seals to keep them tight.
From the lower part of the apparatus a very small pipe is led which 5
terminates at or near to the large burner or burners. Through this
small pipe gas is always allowed to pass and burn in an extremely small
jet. The object of this small jet is to ignite the gas at the large burner
or burners at the moment the gas is allowed to pass therethrough by the
weight of the article to be heated being placed on the apparatus and so 1
opening the valve.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MANGLES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Carlaw at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
April 1874.
I, DAVID CARLAW, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Machine maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANGLES," to be as follows, that is to
say:
This Invention relates to improvements whereby ordinary mangles are
rendered more conveniently and easily worked and with less labor and
time than heretofore, and it consists in arranging the driving parts so
that the handle or first motion shaft is turned continuously in one
direction, whilst the motion of the actual mangling rollers is reversed as
required by the action of one or more treadles, or by an adjustable
automatic movement.
In one simple modification the first motion shaft has on it two bevil
wheels, both arranged to gear with a third bevil wheel, which last is on a
shaft geared to the rollers. The two bevil wheels are loose on the shaft,
but there is a clutch between them which puts one or other of them into

page_text: prevent too great a shock being produced when reversing.
A suitable arrangement of spur gearing may be substituted for the
three bevil wheels.
For reversing automatically the clutch lever is fitted with a tumbling
weight, and is acted on by an adjustable stud or studs moved by a screw
turning correspondingly with the mangling rollers, so as to bring the
weight up to and just beyond its central position on whichever side it is, 1
the weight on being so brought up falling over and reversing the
clutch.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF CERTAIN MATERIALS FOR DEODORISING SEWAGE, NIGHT SOIL, AND LIKE MATTERS, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE. OF ARTIFICIAL MANURES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Howard Kidd at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th May 1874..
I, JOHN HOWARD KIDD, of Wrexham, in the County of Denbigh, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF CERTAIN MATERIALS FOR DEODORISING
SEWAGE, NIGHT SOIL, AND LIKE MATTERS, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE. OF ARTIFICIAL
MANURES," to be as follows: :-
My Invention consists in applying as a deodorizer carbonaceous or
coal shales or coal washings; which materials are heated or carbonised in
a suitable furnace, such as retort furnaces, and are then pulverised, if
desired. When thus prepared it is mixed with the sewage or night soil
or other like matters requiring to be deodorized.
In treating sewage the solid matter is allowed to settle in tanks, then
the surplus water is drained away, and, salt or lime is added, and then
sufficient mineral carbon or material obtained from carbonaceous shales

page_text: or coal washings, as above explained, is added and mixed with the
sewage sediment to cause it to dry readily. The material thus obtained
is further and greatly enriched as a fertilizer by the addition and mixture
of bone dust, nitrate of soda, sulphate of ammonia, and other like.
matters.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD AND MACHINERY FOR ROLLING OR MANUFACTURING WROUGHT METAL TUBES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Handel Moore at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
July 1874.
I, HANDEL MOORE, of No. 186, Old Broad Street, London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
METHOD AND MACHINERY FOR ROLLING OR MANUFACTURING WROUGHT METAL
TUBES," to be as follows:-
The object of my improvement is to manufacture the large size
tubes for any purpose for which they are or may be employed, but
more particular for constructing tubular steam boilers; large tubes for
this purpose are not made as sound, as a rule, by the ordinary way of
butt or lap welding as can be effected by my method of manufacturing.
My improvement consists in first shaping suitable sized sheets of
metal by passing them through properly formed grooved rolls, or by
means of shaping dies or forms, so as to form longitudinal segmental
sections equal to the length of the tube; as a rule each section is made
to form half of the tube, or they can be made to form one-third or a
quarter, or more or less of the tube, if desired.

page_text: Flanges of suitable size and shape are formed along the outside edges
of each section in the process of shaping them for the purpose of
- uniting or welding the sections together by first heating them to a
welding heat in a suitably constructed furnace and then passing them
between suitable formed rolls for welding both sides of the section of 5
the tube together, and thereby form a tube much stronger at the weld
than at any other portion of it, and which is done with more certainty
and makes a better weld than can possibly be effected by any of the
known processes now employed for manufacturing wrought-iron tubes.
Tubes constructed according to my method are stronger, more 1
durable, and can be produced much cheaper, and with a greater degree
of certainty in all the processes I employ for manufacturing than by
any other means heretofore employed.
Tubes of any transverse sectional shape can be made by my process,
semicircular, rectilineous, polygon, or other shapes; in such cases all
that is required is to furnish the shaping and welding rolls with the
proper formed grooves.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MUFFS AND MUFF LININGS BY THE APPLICATION OF PREPARED CORK THERETO
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Ritchie at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
September 1874.
I, GEORGE RITCHIE, of Hounslow, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MUFFS AND MUFF LININGS BY THE APPLICATION OF PREPARED CORK THERETO," to
be as follows :—
This Invention consists in the application of prepared cork to muffs
and muff linings whereby heat is retained.
In carrying out my Invention I proceed as follows:-The muff I
prefer to make in sectional compartments in order that the rotundity of
its shape may be preserved. Into these compartments I insert the cork
which is prepared for that purpose. A good mode of preparing the
cork being by granulation to a suitable size in order to render it soft, and
that it may be comfortable to the hands of the wearer.
AN IMPROVED PRESS FOR GLAZING OR POLISHING PHOTOGRAPHS, CARDS, OR OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cleary at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th October
1874.
I, WILLIAM CLEARY, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PRESS
FOR GLAZING OR POLISHING PHOTOGRAPHS, CARDS, OR OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that class of press for such purposes wherein
the photograph, card, or other article is glazed or polished by passing
between a revolving roller and a fixed burnishing bar; and my Invention
consists principally in giving to such burnishing bar a reciprocating or
to-and-fro motion in the direction of the axis of the roller whilst the
latter revolves, whereby a much better burnishing effect is produced
than can be obtained by the machines hitherto used, wherein the
burnishing bar is stationary and the roller revolves.
I mount in suitable bearings a cylindrical roller, the surface of which
is by preference "draw filed" in the direction of its length in order to
cause it to take a firm hold of the back of the photograph or card.

page_text: Beneath this roller I mount a burnishing bar fitting accurately to the
under side of cylindrical roller throughout its length, and having its
surface highly polished. This bar is fitted into slides, so that it cannot
move in the direction of the rotation of the roller, but can move to and
fro in a longitudinal direction, that is, parallel to the axis thereof.
The roller is turned by means of a winch handle, and attached to it
or to the axis is a cam- or other equivalent device, which as the roller
revolves imparts a to-and-fro motion to the bar, and it will hence be
evident that if a photograph, card, or other similar article is passed face
downwards between the roller and the bar (the handle being turned) the
roller will draw the article through, whilst the burnishing bar moving
to and fro across its under surface will impart the desired glaze or polish
thereto.
The steps in which the axis of the roller revolves are provided with
screws for giving the required pressure, and the machine is kept heated
whilst in operation by means of a gas or other lamp as usual in such
machines.
IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MEANS FOR SUPPLYING BRUSHES WITH POWDER
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Kennedy at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
January 1874.
I, WILLIAM KENNEDY, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MEANS FOR SUPPLYING BRUSHES WITH POWDER," to be
as follows:
This Invention relates to simple and effective apparatus or means for
supplying tooth brushes and other descriptions of brushes with cleansing
powder or with any other powdered preparation; the main features
consisting in the provision of means for supplying a definite or necessary
quantity of the said powder or preparation, and for piling or heaping the
same upon the hairs of the brush, so that it shall not be easily shaken off
or spilled.
The apparatus is constructed with a hopper at its upper part, into
which the powdered preparation is put, and also with a reciprocating
rotating hollow measure or receptacle in which suitable guides are fitted,
and which measure or receptacle is formed or made with openings placed

page_text: so that when the one is in communication with the hopper, the other is
closed or shut off from communication with a brush receptacle situated
underneath, and vice versâ, so that there will be no through communi-
cation at any time.
The brush receptacle consists of a casing formed to the general
contour or shape of the description of brush intended to be used there-
with, but it is of greater heighth and projects beyond a casing hereafter
mentioned, at which projecting end it is made of a taper form with its
narrowest part outwards. At its rear there is centred a bell crank or
equivalent appliance, the one arm of which is acted upon by pushing the
brush into its receptacle, so as to cause its other arm by a link or other
connection to effect a movement or partial turning of the measure
containing the necessary quantity of the powdered preparation, which
movement of the measure shuts off further supply thereto from the
hopper above, and lets fall that which it contained on to the hairs of the
brush in its receptacle, the tapering sides of which support the powder
until on being withdrawn a suitable amount is left and compressed on
the brush.
The return movements of the moving parts may be effected by the
application of india-rubber or other springs.
Any surplus powder falls through perforations in the brush receptacle
into an exterior casing, which surrounds all but the hopper, the opening
of the said receptacle otherwise only being visible, and from which casing
the surplus can be removed and replaced in the hopper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-SHOES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Wing at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
December 1874.
I, DAVID WING, of the Town and County of Kingston-upon-Hull,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HORSE-SHOES," to be as follows:
-
According to my Invention I dispense with the use of nails or other
like attachments for fixing the shoc to the horse's hoof, and make the
shoe with a rim forming a "continuous clip" which embraces the
hoof, the metal being of L form in cross section; and I also make the
shoe in two parts, hinged or jointed together either at the "toe or on
either "quarter," so that the shoo may be expanded for putting it on
or off, this joint being either made in the clip or in the web of the
shoe.
"
The shoe when adjusted on position on the hoof is fastoned by a key
or wedge fitted to slide in slightly dovetailed mortises made across the
shoe near the heel, so as to lock the two parts of the shoe rigidly
together. This wedge or key may be secured in various ways; for

page_text: instance, it may be driven home by a slight blow and retain its position
without other fastening, or it may be split or secured by a split pin,
or by a nut screwing on its end, or by rivetting.
Instead of using a sliding wedge as described the shoc may be fixed
in position by means of a bar or link pivoted to the heel of the shoe 5
at one side, locking into the other side when closed and secured by a pin
or otherwise.
I may if found necessary interposo a lining or section of india-rubber
between the shoe and the hoof.
Detachable calks may also bo secured to the shoc, or an additional 1
wearing surface may be screwed or otherwise attached to the said
shoe.
SECURELY FASTENING THE JOINTS OF FISHING RODS, GAFF HOOKS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES BY MEANS OF A SELF-ADJUSTING SPRING LOCK
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Douglas Moultray at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th May 1874.
I, JAMES DOUGLAS MOULTRAY, Landscape Painter, residing at No. 9,
Raeburn Place, Edinburgh, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "SECURELY FASTENING THE JOINTS OF FISHING RODS,
GAFF HOOKS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES BY MEANS OF A SELF-ADJUSTING SPRING
LOCK," to be as follows:-
First. In the part of the joint of the fishing rod technically called
the socket, being the solid part made of wood and covered with brass or
other metal, which fits into what is technically called the ferrule, being
the brass or other metal tube fixed to the other part of the rod imme-
diately adjoining, there is made an incision sufficient to receive the
spring after described.
Second. Between the wood and brass of which the said socket is com-
posed is fastened, by means of two metal pins driven into the wood and
covered by the brass, a steel, German silver, or other metal spring made
in the same shape as the spring which holds up an ordinary umbrella.

page_text: The upper end of this spring is bent upwards and is placed in the said
incision at its upper end, so that by coming in contact with the brass
covering of the socket it may be prevented from coming out of the said
incision, and the spring may thus be kept in its proper shape and
place.
Third. In the ferrule which receives the socket, and at a place
thereon corresponding to the place which the said spring will occupy in
it when the socket is inserted in the ferrule, an opening is cut sufficient
to allow the said spring to work freely. Thus whenever the socket is
- placed in the ferrule the spring by assuming its natural position holds
them fast, and by simply pressing the spring into the incision in the
metal and wood of the socket made to receive it, the two parts of the
rod can be taken asunder in the simplest and easiest manner possible.
Fourth. A screw ring may be fitted on the top of the ferrule to
tighten the spring when necessary.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR HANGING WALL PAPER
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL: SPECIFICATION left by William.. Robert Lako at tho..
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st August 1874.-A.communication from abroad, by Robert ..
Bustin, of Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada, Gentleman.
•
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR HANGING
WALL PAPER," a communication, to be as follows :—
The first part of this Invention relates to a combination of four
rollers so arranged in a box that the wall paper may, before being
used by passing over the central roller as herein-after described, be
covered with paste of an even thickness, the paste being contained in
the bottom of the box.
The second-part-of-the-said-Invention relates to a thin-metal-plate¯¯
parallel-with-the-rollers, and-so-arranged-as-to-regulate-the-thickness
of the pasto and to spread it uniformly on the paper, and keep it free
from lumps.

page_text: The said rollers should occupy such relative positions that one roller
is suspended immediately over another, the latter being a large central
roller. For this purpose a projection is extended up from each end of
the box, about an inch and a half in width. The aforesaid plate, which
regulates the thickness of the paste and prevents the lumps in the paste
from getting on the paper, is a thin plate extending parallel with the
said central roller, and at the elevation of the centre of the roller is
suspended in the box, and is kept in position by means of a stationary
slide at each end. A metal screw is fastened to the plate at its centre,
and passes through a hole in the side of the box. A nut fits on the
said screw at the outer end, by turning which the said plate may bo
moved to or away from the central roller, as may be required. The
aforesaid plate has also fastened to it at each end a small rod or bar
passing through the side of the box at each end. Around the said
bars there are wire springs enclosed in a covering of tin or other
metal. The object of the bars and springs is to keep the plate securely
in position.
In using this machine the paper is wound on the upper roller by
means of a small crank and cog wheels, the inside of the paper being
next the roller; it is then carried around another roller at one side of
the central roller; then over the said central roller and under another
side roller. After passing under the last named roller the paper is
carried to the wall by the person using the machine.