Improvements in Printing Cotton Goods.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Mar., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 28th Dec., 1894-Accepted, 2nd Feb., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Printing Cotton Goods.
We, WILLIAM EDWARD KAY, of Thornliebank, near Glasgow, Chemist, and
THE THORNLIEBANK COMPANY LIMITED, of 4 West Regent Street, Glasgow, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to the printing of cotton goods, and have for object the
production of a printed cotton fabric which shall have a novel effect for such goods;
that is to say, an imitation of moiré antique, shot, or other special effect, in the
groundwork, in conjunction with a head or flower of any suitable design at intervals
thereon, which is unaffected by the moiré antique, shot, or groundwork effect herein
described, thus forming an imitation in general of brocaded or embroidered work.
Moiré antique, shot, or similar effects, as all-over patterns covering the whole
surface of the piece of cotton cloth, have been accomplished, and are well known.
These general effects on cotton goods are obtained by printing in two different
colours with two rollers engraved with lines which cross one another at angles.
These lines may be straight or curved, or combinations of the two kinds.
hitherto, these imitation moiré, watered or shot goods have been limited to all-over
patterns, and there has not been produced, by the employment of an all-over
pattern roller, any such groundwork effect combined with a coloured head or flower,
or pattern interspersed thereon, and which is not affected by, or is independent of,
or free from the line printing forming the moiré antique or other effect of the
ground, and which constitutes the object of this our present invention.
But
To accomplish this, and to effect our improvements, we employ one of the all-over
ground rollers already in existence, as a matter of economic production. This
all-over ground roller prints its quota of the moiré or other ground lines all over
the piece, but in undeveloped aniline black, which may be resisted or prevented
from development, as is well understood, upon printing the head, flower or pattern,
in imitation of brocaded relief, which latter may be of such number of colours as is
convenient. We print the remaining or second set of lines at the requisite angles
for producing the moiré, shot or other effect in the ground, from a roller which is
only engraved with those lines in the spaces between the various heads, flowers or
patterns desired to appear in relief, leaving blank spaces where such heads, flowers
or patterns should fall. Thus, as the various rollers print on the fabric in correct
register, there is finally produced, on development, a printed cotton cloth whereon
a clear head, flower or pattern stands out in proper relief upon an imitation watered
or moiré antique or other special ground effect.
Alternately, we get similar results by preparing the cloth with an undeveloped
aniline black mixture and printing upon it the coloured head and fitting lines with
suitable coloured resists, and then printing the all-over cover with a white resist.
The white resist does not shew itself where it passes over the coloured head or
flower, but in the ground part it produces a white line or pattern which, in
conjunction with the coloured discharge line or pattern printed by the roller which
registers with the head flower or pattern, thus produces the moiré or other special
effect as before.

page_text: As a modification, portions of the groundwork may be printed otherwise than
with the effects and in the manner herein described, and many variations, so far as
the mere design of the pattern of the cloth is concerned, may be made without
departing from the peculiar character of the invention.
Dated this 30th day of March 1894.
WILLIAM GADD, C.E.,
64, Barton Arcade, Manchester, Agent.
improvements in Printing Cotton Goods.
We, WILLIAM EDWARD KAY, of Thornliebank, near Glasgow, Chemist, and
THE THORNLIEBANK COMPANY LIMITED, of 4, West Regent Street, Glasgow,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
The improvements relate to the printing of cotton goods, and have for object the
production of a printed cotton fabric which shall have a novel effect for such goods,
that is to say an imitation of moiré antique, shot, or other special effect, in the
groundwork, in conjunction with a head or Hower of any suitable design at intervals
thereon, which is unaffected by the moiré antique, shot, or other groundwork effect
herein described, thus forming an imitation in general of brocaded or embroidered
work.
Moiré antique, shot or similar effects, as all-over patterns covering the whole
surface of the piece of cotton cloth, have been accomplished and are well known.
These general effects on cotton goods are obtained by printing in two different
colours with two rollers engraved with lines which cross one another at angles.
These lines may be straight or curved, or combinations of the two kinds. But
hitherto, these imitation moiré, watered or shot goods have been limited to all-over
patterns, and there has not been produced, by the employment of an all-over pattern
roller, any such groundwork effect combined with a coloured head or flower, or
pattern interspersed thereon, and which is not affected by, or is independent of,
or free from the line printing forming the moiré antique, or other effect of the
ground, and which constitutes the object of this our present invention.
To accomplish this, and to effect our improvements, we employ one of the all-over
ground rollers already in existence, as a matter of economic production. This
all-over ground roller prints its quota of the moiré or other ground lines all over
the piece, but in undeveloped aniline black, which may be resisted or prevented
from development, as is well understood, upon printing the head flower or pattern,
in imitation of brocaded relief, which latter may be of such number of colours as is
convenient. We print the remaining or second set of lines at the requisite angles
for producing the moiré, shot or other effect in the ground, from a roller which is
only engraved with those lines fitting in the spaces between the various heads
flowers or patterns desired to appear in relief, leaving blank spaces where such
heads flowers or patterns should fall.
Thus, as the various rollers print on the fabric in correct register, there is finally
produced, on development, a printed cotton cloth whereon a clear head flower or
pattern stands out in proper relief upon an imitation watered or moiré antique or
other special ground effect.
Alternately, we get similar results by preparing the cloth with an undeveloped
aniline black mixture and printing upon it the coloured head and fitting lines with
suitable coloured resists, and then printing the all-over cover with a white resist.
The white resist does not shew itself where it passes over the coloured head or
flower, but in the ground part it produces a white line or pattern which, in

page_text: conjunction with the coloured discharge line or pattern printed by the roller which
registers with the head flower or pattern, thus produces the moiré or other special
effect as before.
As a modification, portions of the groundwork may be printed otherwise than
with the effects and in the manner herein described.
But that the improvements may be better understood, we will proceed more fully
to describe means employed by us.
To take one example of printing upon plain fabric in imitation of watered silk,
with distinctive pattern of head or flower superimposed thereon, according to our
improvements, we first print over the plain fabric, with the all-over ground roller
referred to, a series of horizontal, straight and parallel lines with undeveloped
aniline black solution.
These lines may be at any convenient distance apart, and are not necessarily
horizontal, straight or parallel, though they are assumed so for purposes of this
illustration.
Upon this undeveloped ground, we next print the heads or flowers in resist, or
resist and colour, and afterwards subject the fabric to the final print, from the
roller which is engraved with lines discontinued at those parts where the head or
flower should fall; the black being developed in the ordinary manner.
The second set of lines, in the present case, are assumed, for purposes of
illustration, to be in a horizontal series of waves, and are printed in suitably
coloured resist.
The waved lines cross, coincide with, or run between the straight lines in similar
sequence, and for varying lengths, at regular intervals; and the result is that on
development, the black lines, appearing only at those parts where the waved lines
do not coincide therewith, present, in conjunction with the uncovered portions of
the plain cloth, the waved lines, and the distinctive pattern head or flower, a fabric
resembling brocaded or embroidered watered silk goods.
It must be understood that the three printing operations are preferably, and the
two last named are necessarily for the purpose of securing correct register, effected
at one passage of the cloth through the printing machine. Likewise that the order
of rotation of the three printing operations may be varied.
To take an example of the herein described alternative method of producing
these effects, upon fabric dipped into, padded, or otherwise treated all over with
undeveloped aniline black solution, we subject the fabric so prepared to the printing
of the patterns heads or flowers in coloured or simple resist or both; we then print
the lines engraved to register with the pattern, likewise in coloured resist ; after
which we print an all-over line roller in white resist, which does not shew at those
parts where the resist of the pattern head or flower has already been printed, thus
producing a background effect similar in character to that of the first named
example, the all-over white lines of the latter corresponding to the unprinted
portions of plain fabric in the former case.
In all cases, the width, colour, and directions of the background lines may be
varied so as to produce other background effects of a similar or analogous character,
and many variations, so far as the mere design of the pattern is concerned, may be
made without departing from the peculiar character of the invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. Cotton goods in imitation of moiré antique, watered, shot or other similar or
analogous effects, in conjunction with a pattern head or flower, printed with all-over
lines in undeveloped aniline black solution, and with fitting lines and pattern head
or flower in resist and colour, the aniline black being afterwards developed, for the
purpose and in manner substantially as herein set forth.
2. Cotton goods in imitation of noiré antique, watered, shot or other similar or
analogous effects, in conjunction with a pattern head or flower, printed upon fabric

page_text: treated with undeveloped aniline black solution, with all-over lines in white resist,
and with fitting lines and pattern head or flower in resist and colour, the aniline
black being afterwards developed, for the purpose and in manner substantially as
herein set forth.
Dated this 27th day of December 1894.
WILLIAM GADD, C.E.,
64, Barton Arcade, Manchester, Agent.