matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Husband at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th August
1857.
I, RICHARD HUSBAND, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Hat Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS," to be as follows:--
Whereas heretofore in the construction of hats, having bodies composed
partly of paper, the practice has been to spread and fix the paper upon proofed
calico or other body material before the said proofed calico or other body
material has been fitted upon the hat block or otherwise efficiently listended,
and afterwards throughout the manufacture to treat the coupled substances
And whereas paper (owing to its elasticity being much inferior to
that of the companion substance) is when so used liable to crack and split and
not to be relied upon to adorn the hat body but only to strengthen the same.
Now the object of of the present Invention is to make the hat body in such
manner that the paper used therein, whether plain or bearing any suitable
embellishment, may retain its beauty throughout the process, and so may be
available not only to strengthen but also to adorn the hat body. Instead
therefore of first spreading the paper over the other material and stretching,
drying, and blocking them in combination from the commencement, this
Invention provides that the proofed calico or other proofed material shall first

page_text: be stretched, dried, and blocked, or otherwise efficiently distended apart from
the paper, and that the paper shall be joined thereto afterwards and pre-
ferentially, when the aforesaid proofed material has received the rough form of
a hat body or become what is called a "foundation" or "skeleton."
"skeleton." To the
inside surface of the foundation, which being proofed with shellac becomes
adhesive by damping the paper duly shaped; is fitted a finishing shell, and
block are then inserted, whose well understood distensive pressure drives home
the paper into close union with the surrounding proofed material; the body is
then "ironed up," on the completion of which the block and shell are with-
drawn, and the paper with its ornaments unimpaired remains firmly secured
as desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SALINOMETERS OR INSTRUMENTS FOR INDICATING THE SATURATION OF WATER IN MARINE BOILERS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis François Picot at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
September 1857.
I, LOUIS FRANÇOIS PICOT, of Toulon, in the Empire of France, Mecha-
nician in the Imperial Navy, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SALINOMETERS OR INSTRUMENTS FOR INDICATING THE
SATURATION OF WATER IN MARINE BOILERS," to be as follows:-
My improvements in salinometers consist in so constructing and arranging
the receiver, and also its inlet of the salt water from the boiler, so that the
reading of the hydrometer or instrument used in ascertaining the density and
consequently the saltness of the water may be accurately determined and
easily observed by the steadiness of the instrument consequent on my improved
arrangements.
The bath or vessel of water in which the hydrometer or measuring
instrument rests consists of a double tube or vessel, in the inner one of which
the hydrometer or measuring instrument is placed. The water is admitted to
this inner chamber through numerous small perforations all round the sides
from the outer vessel, into which the water from the boiler is first admitted.
This double vessel is mounted on a gallery or frame somewhat like an argand
gas burner, into the body of which the water is admitted, and from which it
passes by small perforations arranged similar to the jet holes in such burners,
and issues upwards into the outer chamber all round. The water is admitted
by a suitable stop-cock from the boiler, and enters by its tube into a small

page_text: dome chamber immediately under the central receiving vessel or bath, and
thence descends to the distributing gallery, and enters the receiver as before
described. An overflow basin surrounds the double receiver, and receives the
excess of water which escapes thence by a suitable pipe.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING PRESS PLATES FOR PRESSING WOOLLEN, WORSTED, COTTON, SILK, OR OTHER FABRICS, PAPER, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Marriott and David
Sugden at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 15th May 1857.
We, WILLIAM MARRIOTT and DAVID SUGDEN, of Huddersfield, in the
County of York, Agricultural and Manufacturing Chemists, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING PRESS
PLATES FOR PRESSING WOOLLEN, WORSTED, COTTON, SILK, OR OTHER FABRICS, PAPER,
AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
Hitherto press plates have been heated in an oven exposed to considerable
heat, or in ovens so constructed that the flame and heat from the fire pass
through the oven amongst the plates, or the plates have been placed in a
steam chest and heated by ordinary steam.
Our plan of heating is by means of superheated steam passed into a steam
chest containing the plates to be heated.
THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER FROM A VEGETABLE OR HERB THAT GROWS IN THE ISLE OF SARDINIA AND SPAIN, AND WHICH I PROPOSE TO CALL FERUS PAPER
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francesco Ferro at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd January
1857.
I, FRANCESCO FERRO, of Genoa, in the Kingdom of Sardinia, and
No. 2, Hatton Garden, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER FROM A VEGETABLE OR HERB THAT
GROWS IN THE ISLE OF SARDINIA AND SPAIN, AND WHICH I PROPOSE TO CALL FERUS
PAPER," to be as follows:-
The first process is putting it into a steam copper for four hours with a
small quantity of potash for the purpose of getting rid of the gummous
substance it contains, reserving the fibrous parts; then take out the contents,
put it under a large vertical stone wheel or iron cylinder for the purpose of
compressing and working it, at same time reducing it to a state of tow or
canapa, which can be used for making cord mats and other articles, or as
padding or stuffing.
The second process.-To reduce it to a pulp or paste for making paper, place
it in the pile until it arrives at the usual state required for paper making. From
this pulp I produce packing paper.
The third process.-You must whilst reducing it to pulp wash well with

page_text: potash and water for the purpose of getting rid of the colouring matter. From
this pulp I produce white paper.
The fourth process.-Use chloride of lime with common salt. From this
pulp I produce writing paper. The rest of the process is similar to that
generally observed in all paper making.
IMPROVEMENTS IN Loco- MOTIVE BOILER FURNACES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Janson Cudworth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
March 1857.
I, JAMES JANSON CUDWORTH, of Ashford, in the County of Kent, Engineer,
lo hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN Loco-
MOTIVE BOILER FURNACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in locomotive boiler furnaces.
For these purposes fire bars of the ordinary construction are placed at a
considerable angle, so that the fuel will slide freely down thereon as it becomes
well ignited, and to facilitate the getting rid of clinkers the bars are so
supported as to admit of their being lowered when desired. The peculiarity
consists in combining with such inclined fire bars a constant jet or escape
of steam through the chimney, which is obtained by opening a passage from
the boiler when the engines are not at work, and closing such passage when
the escape of steam from the engines supplies the requisite jet in the chimney.
The heat from the furnace is caused in its escape at the ends of the tubes to
pass around the steam cylinders, and to act directly on such cylinders, or the
cylinders are cased to receive heated and surcharged steam.
AN ECONOMICAL FIRE REGULATOR
Year: 1857

page_text: 1 nis invention receivea Frovisional Frotection, but notice to proceea win the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Moll at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st July 1857.
I, ISAAC MOLL, of Cologne, Prussia, now residing at the London Bridge
House Hotel, London Bridge, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN ECONOMICAL FIRE REGULATOR," to be as follows:-
By means of my Invention furnaces and kitchen fires will throw out a
stronger heat with a great economy of fuel, and consequently a lesser volume
of smoke.
My Invention consists of a new system of bars and grates, or in a separate
apparatus to be placed on the bars themselves, according to the size of the
latter or even the grate. I have no particular size or shape; I can adapt my
Invention both to present and future grates.

page_text: EF is a metallic plate which covers the grate, having an opening
in the centre H it is by this aperture that the air passes to keep up
the combustion: the fuel is placeit in a tube or fire place ABCD
this tube communicates with the irm plate EF, so that the slide is
straight not concave this slide or drawer is moveable, as is name
indicates and can be quite with-drawn and laid aside. The
object of this drawer is to increase or diminish the draught.
consequently it acts as w regulator
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES POR HEATING BOILERS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed by
the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Napoleon Felix Boreiko de
Chodzko at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 21st November 1857.
I, NAPOLEON FELIX BOREIKO DE CHODZкO, of Paris, in the French Empire,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES POR HEATING BOILERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in substituting for the ordinary fire-bars in furnaces
and fire-places tubular bars placed obliquely, and made to communicate with
water spaces open to the boiler, whereby a continuous circulation is kept up
through the fire-bars and the boiler; the bars may be placed in a single row,
at an angle with a horizontal plane, or a row may be brought from each side
of the furnace, the bars in each row gradually approaching each other towards
the bottom of the furnace, so as to form a space between them in the shape of
the section of an inverted cone for the reception of the fuel.
For the purpose of cleaning the outside of the tubes, I fix a number of
scrapers, of a form corresponding with that of the outside of the tubes, into a
frame, and scrape the tubes by moving the scrapers up and down between.the
tubes by manual or other power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GUN Locks
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Zict.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Platt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th July 1857.
I, JOSEPH PLATT, of Audlem, in the County of Chester, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GUN
Locks," to be as follows:-
The lock consists of the plate which fastens it to the gun, upon the outer
side of this plate is fastned the cock, and parallel to it, but on the opposite
side of the plate, is an excentric or cam, or tumbler, so connected with the
cock that when the latter revolves the former turns with it, and vice versa.
Upon the periphery of the excentric are two notches, into which the lever of
the trigger slides, and holds it at half or full cock. On another part of the
periphery of the excentric is an indent, into which one end of one of the legs
of a forked spring works, the other leg of the spring pressing against the lever
of the trigger, while the extremity of the spring from which the legs branch is
firmly fixed at or near the end of the plate.
The action of the lock is as follows:-When the cock is pulled backwards,
the excentric is caused also to revolve with it, and the lever of the trigger,
which moves upon the periphery of the excentric, is pressed into the little
notch on the surface by the one leg of the spring; the leg being forced
inwards and upwards, the same movement of the excentric presses the other

page_text: leg inwards and downwards, both are thereby forced towards each other.
When the lever of the trigger is raised from the notch, the excentric, being
relieved, is driven round the opposite way from the action of the upper leg of
the spring and carries the cock round with it.
SECURING AND DISCONNECTING SHIPS' BOATS AND TOWING CABLES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Augustus Frederick Kynaston at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th April 1857.
I, AUGUSTUS FREDERICK KYNASTON, of No. 6, Osborn Place, Plymouth, in
the County of Devon, a Companion of the Order of tho Bath, a Post Captain
in the Royal Navy, and Knight of the Legion of Honor, do hereby declare
the naturo of the said Invention for "SECURING AND DISCONNECTING SHIPS' BOATS
AND TOWING CABLES," to be as follows:-
For the purpose of securing and disconnecting boats at sea, the apparatus
consists of a small capstan or windlass fitted to the boat, and worked by
means of a system of pulleys or tackle purchase, in lieu of the bars or levers
commonly used for that purpose, and which are liable to cause accidents.
The head of the capstan or raised barrel of the windlass is grooved to receive
parts of the rope of the aforesaid tackle purchase, and to the smaller part of
the barrel are fixed two projecting bolts or studs, placed opposite to each other,
or passing through the diameter of the barrel.
The boat is suspended by the usual tackles, a short runner or pendant
being attached to each of the lower blocks for the purpose of lowering (a plan
frequently adopted hitherto in the Royal Navy), with this addition, that
a "cable eye" is spliced into the end of each "short runner" or "pendant."

page_text: A bar is secured to each end of the boat's keelson, on which traverse two
"runner blocks" sufficiently large for the "cable eyes" to reeve freely, after
which they pass over the studs or bolts on the capstan or windlass, and to
which with a slight pull of the purchase tackle thereunto attached they are
effectually secured.
The novelty of the Invention, therefore, consists in the power given by the
introduction of the aforesaid capstan or windlass of instantaneously dis-
engaging the boat when she reaches the water, which is effected by simply
letting go the "purchase fall." A roller is attached to that part of the ship
where the boat is stowed or suspended, and it is fitted with studs or bolts
similar to those already described. Its totally novel purpose is to receive the
"gripes" and additional lashings equally necessary for the security of a boat
whether stowed inboard or suspended from the davits. The roller is worked
by a tackle precisely in the same manner as the boat apparatus already
described, and serves to secure and instantaneously disengage gripes, &c. by
simply letting go the "purchase fall."
For the purpose of equalizing the strain of a steamer's towing cables and
slipping them when necessary, the deck of the steamer is fitted, in addition to
the usual "bollards," with a capstan or windlass, worked by a purchase tackle,
such as already described, and the difficulty of steerage and that of slipping
the cables is thereby obviated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FINGER AND OTHER RINGS
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Armand le Comte do
Fontainemoreau at tho Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 28th February 1857.-A communication.
I, PETER ARMAND le Comte DE FONTAINEMOREAU, of 39, Rue de l'Echiquier,
Paris, in the Empire of France, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FINGER AND
OTHER RINGS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
The Invention consists in forming rings for the fingers or for securing
cravats, and for other similar purposes, of two parts, turning on a hinge and
closing by means of a spring, hasp, or catch, or by other suitable contrivances,
by which means the ring may be placed on the finger, cravats, and for other
similar purposes, and removed without difficulty.
A MINIE OR OTHER RIFLE SIGHT, ON A NEW AND IMPROVED PLAN
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Adams at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th January 1857.
I, JOHN ADAMS, of 13, Ivy Cottages, Queen's Road, Dalston, London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A MINIE OR OTHER RIFLE
SIGHT, ON A NEW AND IMPROVED PLAN," to be as follows:-
The first feature of this Invention consists in the slide being moved from
the extreme end of the leaf towards the joint, giving in its progress the required
and various elevations.
The object of this feature of the Invention is to obviate the present necessity
of having high sides or steps to the body of the sight, which from their liability
to be broken or bent would thus render the entire sight useless.
Secondly, by this arrangement the action is more direct, for after gaining
the first four elevations, as already shewn, the next elevation is gained by
rising the leaf only. The slide is then pushed up the leaf whilst in its upright
position, and which is indexed to give the desired elevations. When the slide
has reached its highest point the leaf will drop into its place without any
further readjustment.
In the third place, the steps are so arranged that two elevations can be
gained by moving the slide once only. When it is lying flat on the body with
the slide close to the foot of the step, which acts as a slight impediment to its
further progress, it would indicate one elevation, by raising the leaf it would
indicate another, and so on to the highest step.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA- RATUS FOR DISCHARGING THE WATER RESULTING FROM THE CONDENSING OF STEAM USED IN APPARATUS HEATED BY STEAM
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bowden at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th March
1857.
I, THOMAS BOWDEN, of Pendleton, in the County of Lancaster, Millwright,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA-
RATUS FOR DISCHARGING THE WATER RESULTING FROM THE CONDENSING OF STEAM
USED IN APPARATUS HEATED BY STEAM," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for discharging
the water resulting from the condensing of steam used in apparatus heated by
steam.
For these purposes, a box or chamber is formed, having within it a fixed
partition or diapham with two openings formed therein, to which openings
two valves are applied, which are carried by a lever, one valve being attached
at each end of the lever, the fulcrum of the lever being intermediate of the
valves. The stem of one of the valves has on it a hollow globe or float, and to
the lower end of the stem is attached another valve, suitable for closing the
outlet from the chamber or box, such valve being pressed upwards by a spring
with a tendency to open it. When steam is admitted to one side of the
diapham, it opens one of the valves, and presses the other valve which
is connected to the same stem, into its seat, so as to close the outlet passage.

page_text: When an accumulation of water has taken place sufficient to raise the float, it
will raise the outlet valve, and also the valve connected with its stem, the water
will flow out at the outlet, and the valve at the other end of the lever will be
opened, till the water allows the float to descend.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clarance Brazil at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th June
1857.
I, the said CLARANCE BRAZIL, of Chorley, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the taking-up motion, and consists, firstly, in the
use of the "jacquard" or equivalent thereto for effecting the driving, whereby
the same is caused to operate, and I am thus enabled to bring it into action
or cause it to remain out of operation at pleasure, according to the require-
ments of certain patterns.
Secondly. I so arrange the taking-up motion that the "jacquard" or
equivalent apparatus is capable of imparting thereto a variable motion, so
that at one time the ratchet wheel may be caused to move one tooth, for
instance, and at another time a greater number of teeth, as the pattern may
require. And a method I adopt for effecting this consists in the employ-
ment of an extra driving click, connected with suitable rods and levers, which
may be brought into action by the "jacquard," so as to move the wheel
through a greater space than that imparted by the other click ; but I also use
one driving click only, actuated by two rods with different degrees of leverage.

page_text: Another part of my Invention relates to the apparatus for raising the shuttle
boxes of rising box looms. To accomplish this I employ two or more levers,
mounted in a frame capable of so moving as to bring either of the said levers
into position for being acted upon by a revolving tappet, and by connexion
with the rising box the desired shuttle is then raised to the proper level, and
kept there the necessary time by a catch. The said levers I cause to traverse
by a rod worked by the "jacquard," which rod communicates motion to a
pulley, on which is a crank pin connected to the lever frame, and upon the
pulley I place a brake to ensure a correct position thereof. Upon a lever
being caused to rise it withdraws the catch which held the box in its former
position, and it is therefore at liberty to assume the level for another shuttle.
Instead of causing the levers to traverse, as above described, I also impart
such motion to the tappet, so as to cause it to act upon any required lever,
and when more than two shuttles are used, I gain the different degrees of
traversing motion for levers or tappets, by varying the leverage which moves
the crank pulley.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Rudolph Dinglinger at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th June
1857.
I, RUDOLPH DINGLINGER, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PUMPS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO STEAM ENGINES," to be as
follows:-
The pump, to which my improvements are applied, consists of a cylindrical
piston fixed excentrically upon an axis, and working in a cylinder or pump
barrel, to which two trunnions are attached, which are supported by suitable
bearings in the frames of the pump. The pump barrel is oblong, and of a
width equal or nearly so to the diameter of the piston, with circular parts at
both ends, also corresponding with the size of the piston. These circular parts
of the pump barrel are each fitted with a port or passage, through which the
water or other fluid is alternately drawn in and discharged. When the piston
revolves, it gives the pump barrel a lateral reciprocating motion, causing the
ports to come alternately opposite the admission and the discharge passages,
so that whilst the water or other fluid is drawn in at one end of the pump
barrel, it is at the same time discharged at the other end, according to the
position of the piston, which at every revolution fills and empties the cylinder
on both sides of the piston. The packing which separates the two sides of

page_text: the cylinder consists of metal plates, which are pressed against the piston by
means of india-rubber or other springs. The steam engines, to which my
improvements are applied, consist of two cylinders lying in the same perpen-
dicular axis, cast in one piece or otherwise fixed together. These two
cylinders are supported, similarly to the pump barrel above described, on
trunnions fixed at right angles to the axis of the cylinders, and resting on
suitable bearings. Each cylinder is fitted with one piston, and the two may
be connected by short pipes or piston rods, which form at the same time the
passages through which the steam is alternately admitted to and exhausted
from one side of each piston, the other side of each piston being open to the
atmosphere. The junction of these two pipes is so formed as to embrance
the crank journal, & the steam is, admitted through the crank shaft, which is
made hollow. By making the steam ports in the crank journal and the
passages through the piston rods and piston smaller or larger, the engine may
.be worked with a greater and less degree of 'expansion. The admission and
exhaustion of the steam may, however, also be effected by means of slide
valves, in a similar way as above described with regard to the pumps. In this
case the crank axle and the piston rods are made solid. When the engine is
at work, the cylinders have a lateral reciprocating motion, whilst the pistons
move vertically. By providing the two trunnions with pistons and converting
their bearings into short steam cylinders, the effect of a pair of coupled
engines will be produced.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP
Year: 1857

page_text: This Invention received Provisional Protection, out notice proceed wrun the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Berthold Löwissohn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th August
1857.
I, BERTHOLD LÖWISSOHN, of Fenchurch Street, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SOAP," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in an improvement in the manufacture of soap, by
introducing into the ordinary soap materials Irish moss, which has been
reduced to a gelatinous state by boiling in water. The gelatinous moss is to
be mixed with the ordinary soap materials in such quantities as may be
considered desirable, and the soap is finished in the ordinary way. It is
desirable to introduce into the mixture a small quantity of borax to assist the
amalgamation of the vegetable gelatine and the oily and fatty matters.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING VESSELS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Clement James at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th August
1857.
I, CHARLES CLEMENT JAMES, of Norwood Green, in the County of Middle-
sex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING VESSELS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in propelling vessels relates to the applica-
tion of the direct action of the pressure of steam upon the water to the pro-
pulsion of vessels. For this purpose I employ one or more cylinders, which I
place in the water, and projecting from the stern of the vessel, or in other
suitable position, into which cylinder or cylinders the external water has free
ingress and egress; at the rear end I place each water cylinder in rigid con-
nection and in a direct line with a steam cylinder placed inside the vessel, of
the same length, but of smaller diameter than the water cylinder. These
cylinders may be formed in one piece together, or may be suitably united by
stays or otherwise. Each cylinder is furnished with a piston, packed and
rendered steam and water-tight respectively, and having a piston rod which
is common to both pistons, and connects them rigidly together. The steam
cylinder is furnished with a cover on the inner end, through which a continu-
ation of the piston rod passes through a stuffing box, which projecting rod

page_text: acts by suitable tappets on a valve or valves for regulating the admission and
escape of the steam from the cylinder at the proper points of the stroke; the
steam is generated in a suitable boiler, and is admitted only between the cover
and the piston of the small steam cylinder; the pressure of steam admitted
between the cover of the cylinder and the steam piston (which is rigidly
connected by its rod with the large piston of the water cylinder) takes a
bearing on the surface of the large piston presented to the water in the one
direction, and a bearing on the area of the cover of the steam cylinder in the
opposite direction.
The area of the piston of the water cylinder being great, it follows as a con-
sequence that the cylinders will be thrust forwards by the pressure of the steam
in the cover, and with them the ship in which they are fixed, and that the
pistons will remain almost stationary. The stroke having been completed, the
valves change, and the steam is allowed to escape; the pressure of the water
now acts on the piston of the water cylinder and forces it in the opposite
direction, which makes the return stroke of the pistons in readiness for the
next thrust stroke with the steam. The action and pressure of the water on
the piston of the water cylinder will be in the same direction as the progress
of the vessel.
Two, four, six, or other number of steam and water cylinders combined may
be fitted to one vessel, and all placed in communication with the same steam
boiler.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Baptiste Pascal at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th April
1857.
I, JEAN BAPTISTE PASCAL, of Lyons, in the Empire of France, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in electric lamps, in which I employ
two currents of electricity; the one being the main current in connection with
the electrodes, and the other a secondary one to keep the electrodes in their
proper relative positions. The upper electrode is mounted and fixed at the
top of the lamp stem, while the lower one is supported from a float or piston,
resting in a cylinder containing mercury or other suitable fluid. The float
cylinder is in connection with another vessel or cylinder of mercury at or near
the same level. The upper part of this second mercury cylinder is in com-
munication by a bent pipe with a vessel containing acidulated water, in which
the wires or poles of the second battery terminate. The primary current from
the battery, producing the light, passes through the coil of an electro-magnet,
which it excites and attracts an armature. The force of a spring acting on the
armature is opposed to the attraction of the magnet. The armature is placed
in the circuit of the secondary battery, which it breaks when it advances to
the temporary magnet, but again makes it on receding therefrom by the forco
of the spring. Supposing the electrodes to be in position to produce the proper
light, the primary current passing through the electrodes producing the

page_text: light will keep the armaturo up to the electro-magnet, during which the
secondary current is suspended; but supposing the space between the elec-
trodes to increase, the light and also the strength of the primary current will
diminish. This diminished power of the current will cause the electro-magnet to
drop the armature, which immediately establishes the current of the secondary
battery, which in its passage through the acidulated water decomposes it and
generates gas. The vessel being otherwise closed, it passes over and presses
on the surface of the mercury in the cylinder or reservoir, and forces a part
of the mercury into the cylinder supporting the electrode, which is thus raised,.
& thereby renewing the strength of the primary current, augmenting the
light, and again breaking the circuit of the secondary current to prevent the
further generation of the gas.
MEDICINE FOR THE CURE OF DROPSY
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Grindlay Howard Wood-
ward at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 8th May 1857.
I, FREDERICK GRINDLAY HOWARD WOODWARD, of No. 3, Horatio Terrace,
5 Trafalgar Rd, Old Kent Rd, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "MEDICINE FOR THE CURE OF DROPSY," to be as follows:-
0
1oz. of elicompane root,
1.
39 39
1,
1
"
1,,
1,
"
"
دو
"
وو
وو
stick liquorice pulled,
anniseeds,
corriander seeds,
guracum,
jallop root,
Malaga raisins.
These ingredients are put into a jar with 2 quarts of the best Hollands gin,
5 to have a gentle heat for 14 days, shaking the ingredients twice each day; at
the expiration of 14 days it will be reduced to half the quantity. When
strained it is fit for use.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN VELVETING PAPER AND TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pascal Florentin Coulon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
May 1857.
I, PASCAL FLORENTIN COULON, of 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the
Empire of France, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN VELVETING PAPER AND TEXTILE FABRICS," to be as follows, that is to
say:-
The Invention consists in the employment of human and animal hair for
replacing the ordinary shearings for producing a velvet coating on painted paper
and textile fabrics, but specially on the former. The hair is dyed to the required
shade of color, and should be brought to an impalpable powder, the result of
which is, that the velveted articles are more uniform in appearance, and do
not form a rough surface, as those prepared with ordinary materials.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORDNANCE
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Theophilus Blakely at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st February 1857.
I, ALEXANDER THEOPHILUS BLAKELY, of Tonbridge Wells, in the County of
Kent, Captain, R.A., do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ORDNANCE," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to so forming the bore of a gun, or that part
thereof which principally bears the force of the explosion, that the diameter of
the bore may bear to the thickness of the metal that proportion which gives
the greatest amount of strength, and best enables it to resist strain.
This object I effect, in the case of pieces of ordnance of the ordinary
Government regulation form, by enlarging the diameter of the bore at the
breech end of the piece until the diameter of the bore is to the thickness of
metal as two to one; but these proportions may be varied.
And also I fit into the enlarged part of the bore a tube of iron, brass,
copper, or other suitable metal, or a tube covered with coils of iron, steel, or
other wire; but in every case the tube or covered tube will be somewhat
larger in external diameter than the bore of the outer case, and be forced
firmly therein, so as to obtain close contact between the parts, and to bring
the exterior into the requisite stato of tension, care being taken to make the
interior joinings fit exactly and be flush with one another.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN DOORS FOR FURNACES AND FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gray at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st August
1857.
I, JOHN GRAY, of Hill Street, Peckham, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN DOORS FOR FURNACES
AND FIRE-PLACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to doors for steam engine and other furnaces, and for
ovens and other inclosed fire-places, and consists in constructing such doors by
casting them with two vertical chambered spaces, extending the entire (or
nearly the entire) width of the door. In the innermost recess (on the furnace
side of the door) is placed a suitably large fire tile, fire stone, or other suitable
fire-resisting material, and in the inclosed chamber, which is formed by the
division plate between the outer recess and the front plate of the door, a water
space is formed, suitable openings being made in the top of the water chamber
for the admission of the water, and for its evaporation.
When the furnace is in operation, the fire tile or fire-resisting material pre-
vents the radiation from acting directly on the door, such materials being bad
conductors, the heat taken up by the door is from contact only, and which
heat is passed off by conduction to the water in the chamber. In due course
a slow evaporation of the water in the chamber will commence, and the aper-
ture by which the chamber is supplied with water being hermetically sealed

page_text: the only passage for the vapour is through the small holes or apertures in the
recess behind the tile, and from thence into the furnace, consequently the
furnace door is maintained at a low temperature, and a large portion of the
heat taken up by the door is returned to the furnace in the form of vapour.
In no case can the temperature of the door exceed 212°, whereas the tem-
perature of the furnace door of charcoal and other retorts, smeltery furnaces,
&c. frequently reach the temperature of 900 to 1000°.
IMPROVE IN SAFETY PINS' FOR DRESS AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time pre
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by, John Edridge at the Of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th Ja
1857.
I, JOHN EDRIDGE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Pin
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE
IN SAFETY PINS' FOR DRESS AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follo
I bend the wire of which these pins are formed thus,
so that after passing the shank of the pin into the garment
or hair, by giving the pin half a turn or a whole turn or
more round, the point (a) enters the hair or garment and
prevents the removal of the pin, unless a similar action in
the opposite direction be given; consequently, such pins
are not liable to accidental or surreptitious removal. The
protective catch (a) may be made after the wire has been
twisted once round the shank of the pin, or it may be so
coiled for a great portion or even the whole length of the
shank, if preferred; but for dress pins, brooch pins, and such purposes,
a single coil afford sufficient security; whilst for hair pins it may be bett

page_text: uld extend further down the shank, or even the entire
so propose to make hair pins having three or mor
d of two, as is commonly the case. The sketch annexe
shows one of these improved hair pins. Or, I ca
make a two-shanked pin, and forming the wire int
a loop or eye at the centre of the head, attach on
of my coiled pins to form the third shank, thus,
the position which the third shank will assume when
secured in the hair is shewn by the dotted lines. The
spiral, upon being turned round; passes over the wir
forming the outer shanks, and worms itself into th
hair, when it can be released by a similar movemen
or turning in a reverse direction. In making the
above described pins, it does not follow that the coi
or spiral must be formed of the same piece of wire
as the shank; it may be made separate, and soldered
or, otherwise attached to the shank, if more con
venient.
AN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OR SUPPLY OF GAS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wilton and John Пuggett
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 11th April 1857.
We, THOMAS WILTON, of Eastbourne, in the County of Sussex, Gas
Engineer, and JOHN HUGGETT, of the same Place, Engineer and Smith, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN APPARATUS FOR
REGULATING THE FLOW OR SUPPLY OF GAS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of an apparatus to be applied to every burner or to
a series of burners, which, according to the pressure at the gasworks will
admit at a small pressure, say, for instance, the ordinary day pressure, of a
minimum supply to the burner just sufficient to keep a light, and which
on the full evening or night pressure being applied admits of the flow of
sufficient gas to keep the light at the full extent required.
The main object of our Invention is to prevent the necessity of turning off
and on gas to street lights, and by means of our apparatus, during the hours
the lights are not required, a minimum quantity only flows through it. This
operation is effected by diminishing the pressure at the works or elsewhere,
whereby a valve in the apparatus closes, and only adinits gas through a very
narrow tube or orifice. On the full pressure being applied the pressure opens
a valve and admits the full supply of gas to pass through it to the burner.
Under no circumstances is the gas ever completely extinguished when the
apparatus is in action.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WIN- NOWING OR CORN DRESSING MACHINES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Sawney at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th May
1857.
I, WILLIAM SAWNEY, of Beverley, in the County of York, Machinist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WIN-
NOWING OR CORN DRESSING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention is applicable to the dressing and cleaning of all kinds of
grain, and consists in arranging the screen ordinarily used in these machines
so as to be less inclined or to lie more nearly in a horizontal line than usual,
and imparting to it by suitable machanism, as herein-after described, a vertical
shaking motion instead, of the ordinary horizontal motion.
By this arrangement the screen may be made the full width of the machine
instead of a less width, in order to allow of the requisite space for its ordinary
horizontal movement.
The screen is mounted so as to be capable of moving vertically within slots
or grooves to the extent required when acted upon by the lifters or shakers
applied near each end thereof.
The lifters or shakers near the upper end of the screen consist of two blocks
or tappets fixed on a horizontal shaft, mounted so as to work underneath the.
screen, such shaft being driven by means of a strap and pulleys from the
ordinary fan or drum shaft or other driving shaft.

page_text: The lifters or shakers intended to act on the screen near its lower end con-
sist of two arms fixed on a horizontal shaft (also mounted, so as to work
underneath the screen), such shaft having imparted to it a rocking motion, by
means of a pair of cranks and a connecting rod from the ordinary fan or drum
shaft or other driving shaft.
I do not, however, confine myself to the above-described mechanism for
lifting or shaking the screen..
AN IMPROVED BEE HIVE
Year: 1857

page_text: www
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Menusier at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th April
1857.
I, FRANÇOIS MENUSIER, of 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of
France, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of my Invention of "AN IMPROVED BEE HIVE," to be as
follows, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in a novel construction of bee hive, by which I obtain
stronger and earlier swarms.
The hive consists of an oblong box divided by a partition into two compart-
ments, the upper for the new swarm, and the lower for the breeding hive.
Each compartment contains a number of frames to receive and support the
honeycomb; these frames are suspended to moveable boards, by means of two
brackets fixed to the inner sides of the box. Each of the boards is covered
at each of its extromities with a band of linen to prevent the adherence of the
combs to the inner sides of the hive. In the interior at the end of the hive is
an opening to allow the bees to pass from one compartment to the other,
which opening may be closed at will by a moveable door and catch. Each
compartment has an entrance for the bees at one of the extremities of the
hive through a groove, which may be closed by a moveable door. At the other
extremity are two openings. covered with metallic gauze, which serve for the
ventilation of the hive.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING COAL MINES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Latimer Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th March
1857.
I, JOSIAH LATIMER CLARK, of 35, Adelaide Road, Haverstock Hill, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING COAL MINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in lighting coal mines, and
consists in causing a current of atmospheric air under pressure to pass
through the lamp, so as to exclude fire damp from it. For this purpose I
arrange a system of pipes along the workings of the mine, and into them
I force air under pressure. Couplings are formed on the pipes at intervals,
by which flexible tubes are connected, and these flexible tubes pass to the
different lamps, which consist of an outer shade of strong glass surrounding
the flame, and the air is supplied to the lamp at the bottom and enters
through a valve, which is kept open by the pressure of the air, and escapes
through a diaphragm of wire gauze and a small hole at the top of the lamp,
in a current sufficiently strong to prevent the possibility of any fire damp,
entering. Thus, it will be seen, that if the supply of air under pressure is cut
off by disconnecting the lamp or otherwise, the valve closes and so extinguishes
the flame. Passing through the side of the lamp I arrange a trimming wire,
sliding through a globe, which turns in a socket, on the principle of a ball and
socket joint. In connection with the arrangement above described, oil, gas, or

page_text: other light may be employed. In addition to the moveable lamps connected
by flexible tubes, I employ stationary lamps in those parts where a permanent
light is required. The compressed air may be supplied by a pump, worked by
a steam engine, and furnished with a gasometer or regulating chamber, or
otherwise; and this apparatus may either be placed at the surface of the
mine or at the bottom of the downcast shaft, as may be most convenient.