AsSURING PERFECT COMBUSTION
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Jan., 1889-Accepted, 6th July, 1889
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Furnaces.
גן
I, JOHN LIVINGSTONE, of No. 31 York Chambers, Toronto Street, in the City of
Toronto, Province of Ontario, in the Dominion of Canada, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of my invention for "AsSURING PERFECT COMBUSTION and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
That my invention relates to that class of devices by which steam is introduced
into the furnace to aid combustion.
That it is for use as a part of, or as an attachment to, furnaces of every kind, for
the purpose of increasing the efficiency of the furnace and the perfect combustion of
the fuel.
That it is for the decomposition of the steam into its gaseous parts, and ejection
into the furnace.
That it is for use to accelerate motion amongst the particles uniting in combustion
in the furnace,
That the form of the device and parts thereof is and are of necessity varied as to
shape according to the size and kind of each furnace or boiler, according to the
room space available, and where available on a boiler, in a boiler, in a furnace, or in
a place in close proximity thereto for any part of the device.
That the nature of my invention will more fully appear from the subjoined
description, and the novelty will be pointed out in the claims, reference being had to
the accompanying drawings, of one form of the device, in which it is made to apply
to a Portable Boiler of the locomotive type.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a boiler, showing the furnace and my apparatus
connected thereto.
Figure 2 is a transverse view of a boiler, with the front plates of the boiler
removed so as to show the inside of a furnace and part of iny apparatus, the super-
heaters therein.
Figure 3 is an enlarged section of the superheaters "D" "D."
"A" in Figures 1 and 2 is a vessel that may be of any shape to suit the space
or place available, made of boiler plate, or Cast Iron or other suitable material of
strength to resist internal pressure equal to that in the same boiler to which it is
attached, or of which it may be a part, and in it is stored finely divided particles of
Iron and metal filings, turnings and small pieces of metal.
"B" is a steam pipe from the boiler, entering "A" and passing through it, the
portion inside of "A" is surrounded by one or more tubes, tunnels or pipes "1" "2"
of iron or brass or other suitable metal, with holes in the said portion of "B"
inside of "
A," and in the surrounding pipes "1" "," as seen in Figure 1,
exposed for reference to the perforations and woven linings hereafter referred to
around """."
The said portion of "B" and the surrounding pipes "1" "b" may be each
encased in close fitting sleeves made of fine woven wire cloth, or the sleeves may be
made of flannel, cotton, canvas or other suitable woven material. The sleeves may
be made fast to the said portion of the pipe "B," and the sleeves for each of the
said pipes """"may be made fast by sewing each sleeve, according to its size
or pipe, to each respective pipe with fine wire of brass or other metal, through
the holes in the said portion of the pipe "B" and through the holes in the
surrounding pipes "662" within the vessel "A," as seen in Figure 1.
Between "A" and the boiler the pipe "B" is fitted with a check valve "13" and
.

page_text: a shut-off valve "," for disuse of the invention when for any cause necessary to use
the boiler without the device, but the check valve is more especially to prevent gases
entering the boiler.
23
"C is a pipe connected to "A," by which oil may be put into the vessel " A,"
by hand or by any mechanical device, a glass gauge may be used to show the level of oil
in the vessel "A," and a hand hole, with secure joint, may be in any part of the said
vessel "A" to remove sediment or refuse matter.
"D" (see Figure 1) represents superheaters of any desired shape or form, according
to the room space and shape of the space available, 1 prefer the cylindrical form, of
a size corresponding to the available room space in the furnace, they may be about
seven to ten inches in diameter, placed in the preferred part, the part preferred being
on each side of the door at the front inside, standing on end, resting upon the floor
of the furnace, and passing up through the grate bars, or standing upon the grate
bars, (see Figure 2), or supported by any suitable means, and of such height as
may be suitable for the furnace. "D" "D" may be made of cast iron or suitable
metal, I prefer a refractory quality of cast iron, which may be protected from oxida-
tion by a coating or cover of a refractory substance. I prefer the use of the metal
without any coating or cover, and the superheaters "D" must be of sufficient strength
to withstand pressure at least equal to that in the boiler.
.
Inside the casings of "D" "D" tubes "E" "E," of brass or bronze or other
suitable material, pass through the upper end to the bottom of the inside (see
Figure 3), the bottoms of the casings of "D" "D" and the tubes "E" "E" aro
closed and steam tight.
2226
The inner tubes "E" "E" are about one third of the diameter of the outer
shells "D" "D," and have a number of small holes, which may be in parallel rows,
drilled through the sides of each, about half an inch apart (see Figure 3).
Around"
E," and close fitted thereto, are sleeves of fine woven brass wire
cloth, sewed to said tubes "E" "E" with brass wire stitched through the holes
in "E""E" to the sleeves in which "E" "E" are encased, and within "E" "E"
is also a lining of fine woven brass wire cloth, also stitched to "E" "E" with brass
wire through the holes in "E" "E" (see Figure 3).
66
"F,"
From the inner linings in the tubes "E""E," but not passing through the said
linings (see Figure 3), one or more, I prefer three in each (see Figure 1), small
tube or nozzles "F" F"F," "F" "F" "F" are made to project through from
the linings (see Figure 3) within "E" "E" through "E" "E" and outer linings
of "E" "E," and through the superheaters "D" "D," exposing to the fire short
blunt or semi-circular points "F" "F" "F" (seo Figure 1 for each superheater).
The opening in the inner end of each of the nozzles or tubes "F"
"F" """"" for about half an inch or less, may be one thirty-second of an inch
in diameter or less, increased by tapering the hole in each nozzle towards the outer or
semi-circular end, say to the extent of about three thirty-seconds of an inch in
diameter at the furnace end or point (see Figure 3), for the purpose of blowing
through any grit or sediment that may pass to the nozzles "" "F" "F,”
"F"F"F" as seen in the sectional view of lower "F," Figure 3.
"
D"
The nozzles or tubes "F" "F" "F," "F""F" "F" in superheaters "D
are made to project, as stated, by being screwed through the casing of "D" "D" and
"E" "E" (see Figure 3).
Within the spaces (see Figure 3) between the brass woven wire cloth lining
to "E" "E" and the casings "D" "D" there are placed loosely, small pieces of
metal and iron or steel, iron filings, iron turnings from Iron Turning Lathes, and
scrap metals in small particles.
The nozzles "F" "FF," "F" "F" "F" in each of the superheaters "D" "D"
(see Figure 2) are placed one above the other (see Figure 3), the lowest being about
ten inches above the grate bars, so as to be a little above the level of the top of the
fuel when coal is used, and I place the others each about four inches above the other.
The nozzles "F" F","F" "F""F" are adjusted to point diagonally

page_text: across the furnace, but the particular angle is not essential, neither is the height at
which they are placed, as both may be varied to suit conditions required by the shape
and size of the furnace or kind of fuel used.
"B" is a continuation of steam pipe "B," which may have a check valve and a
shut-off valve (see Figure 1), from the boiler through "A" and connecting "A" with
the inner tubes ""E" (see Figures 1, 2, 3), by means of it steam is conveyed
into superheaters "D" "D" (see Figure 2).
"His a movable pipe, so arranged that when necessary it may be used to
increase the draught or to prevent any excess of volume in the gases escaping through
the door (see Figure 1). The operation of the device is as follows:-
After steam has been raised to a pressure in the boiler, it is passed through the
pipe "B" to the vessel "A" (see Figure 1), and from "A" by the pipe "B" to
the brass tubes "E" "E" within the superheaters "D" "D" (see Figures 1 and 2),
the steam, carrying in its course its units of heat, acting upon the heated metal or
iron turnings, filings or pieces of iron and steel in "A".and in the spaces in the
superheaters between the linings of "E""E" and casings of "D" "D," and upon
the superheaters "D" "D," and therein becoming superheated in contact with the
particles of iron and metal, is decomposed into its component parts, and in an
expanded state expelled by pressure through the nozzles "F" """F,«FF" "F"
into the furnace above the fire bed, in the form of combustible gas, energized by the
heat and pressure, accelerating motion amongst the particles in motion in the furnace,
and uniting by affinity with the carbon of the solid fuel, for perfect combustion in
the union of all the particles of combustion, leaving for residue only a small part in
fine ash, and a slight silvery-appearing vapour escaping through the smoke stack or
chimney.
When desirable, always by preference at low temperatures, and preferable as
increasing efficiency at all temperatures, the vossel "A" is partially filled with oil, by
preference crude petroleum, which, acted upon by the heat from the steam passing
through "B," gives off a vapour, thinned by filtration through the sleeve linings on
the pipes "," that in smallest measure saturates the steam from the boiler,
overcoming and counteracting the aqueous properties of the steam at low temperatures,
and increasing the economies in combustion.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1 Vessel A," with woven sleeve lined tubes, tunnels or pipes therein.
:
2: Superheaters "D" "D," with woven metal sleeve linings outside and inside
of "E E,” in superheaters "D" "D."
3: The use of metal and iron filings, turnings or small pieces in vessel "A" and
in the superheaters "D" "D," or in either of them, for the purpose of application
as a use to aid combustion.
4: The nozzles "F"F" "F" in each of the superheaters "D," for the purpose
herein stated, as part of said invention to aid combustion.
5: The use of steam in combination with metal particles, to aid combustion.
6: The use of steam in combination with metal particles and hydrocarbons, to aid
combustion.
7 The several parts of the described invention as one united whole, for the
purposes following
To aid combustion in furnaces of every kind, with special reference more especially
to Land and Marine Boilers of all kinds.
To aid in the decomposition of the steam into its component parts, for use in its
superheated, energized and gaseous state, to aid combustion.
To give to the furnace a purer oxygen than acquired by the ordinary atmospheric
draught, to support combustion.
To decrease (the damper being only slightly open) the ordinarily greater volume of

page_text: cold atmospheric air to furnaces, and by expansion of the atmospheric air, aiding
combustion.
To accelerate motion amongst the moving particles of combustion in a furnace,
aiding combustion.
To produce the requisite density of furnace air for the decomposition of the solid
fuel, and perfect natural union of the gases in the furnace.
To maintain at highest pressures, and make steam economically, with the least
measure of labour in firing and stoking.
To make combustion perfect by accelerated motion, by the required density of
furnace air, by decomposition of the fuel, and by natural union of the gases of
combustion.
To reduce the quantity of fuel ordinarily required, by the combustion of the whole
in heat making,
To remove cause for smoke, grit, sparks or flame from chimneys and smoke stacks,
all being seized upon and consumed by natural union in the furnace.
To cause the least amount of residue in the combustion of fuel, fine ashes through
the grate bars, and small particles of a clean, silvery-looking vapour through the smoke
stack being the only residue of combustion."
To reduce the continuous labour required ordinarily in firing and stoking, the
natural union in the furnace supported in combustion by purer oxygen, being more
effective than the laborious mechanical efforts to aid combustion by stoking.
To make perfect combustion
5.
an accomplished fact.
Witnesses,
HARRINGTON SMITH.
W. J. FRANKS.
LONG GIs 2 day of December 1888.
JOHN LIVINGSTONE.