matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING FIGURED FABRICS IN WHICH THE DESIGN IS APPLIED BY PRINTING
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman, at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th October 1857.-A communication.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING FIGURED FABRICS IN WHICH THE DESIGN IS APPLIED
BY PRINTING" (communicated to me by a foreigner residing abroad), to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in printing the weft threads employed in producing
figured fabrics in one color or in two or more colors in the following manner,
and by means of the following apparatuses :-The thread to be printed is led
around or over rollers placed at each end of a printing table, and between
these rollers and near to the same are placed combs or other instruments (one
at each end) by means of which the several threads are kept parallel to and
separate from each other. Upon each side of the printing table is placed a
graduated scale, the opposite graduations of the two scales corresponding. A
number of small printing sticks are next taken and arranged in a suitable
holding frame, in such manner as to correspond with the reading off of one
element or division of the design; these sticks are then supplied with the
required color and applied carefully to the threads, their position being
accurately determined by means of the scales at the sides of the table; their
application may be repeated on the lower sides of the threads, if the latter are
so thick as to require a second application. The frame with the sticks is then

page_text: moved along the threads over a distance equal to the length of one element or
division of the design, and the printing is then repeated. In this manner the
weft is colored as required, and when made up into a fabric will be found to
produce the intended design.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEREOSCOPES
Year: 1857

page_text: I, RICHARD QUIN, of the firm of Moran and Quin, of 654, Poland Street, in
the County of Middlesex, Jewelry and Photographic Case Manufacturers, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEREOSCOPES,"
to be as follows:-
bo
This Invention consists of improved methods of arranging stereoscopes.
For this purpose the front and back of the instrument, which are rigid, are
hinged or jointed to the top or portion containing the eye pieces, and they
are connected together at the sides by flexible gussets, so that they may
folded down parallel to each other when the instrument is out of use. To the
back of the instrument a stiff partition is hinged, which turns up so as to
keep the front and back at a suitable distance apart when the instrument is
set up for use; or in place of a central partition the instrument may have two
stiff sides turning up in a similar manner, in place of having flexible side
gussets, as previously mentioned.
In the front of the instrument is a reflector of the ordinary description,
which, when the instrument is folded, is fastened in its place by the same clasp
as that which holds the front and back together. This clasp is made in three
portions; one fixed to the back of the instrument, another folding over the
edge, and the last turning down on the front, and catching over a pin fixed

page_text: on the outside of the reflector. It will be seen that the instrument, when
arranged in this manner, forms a small portfolio or box suitable for containing
a number of stereoscopic pictures. I also arrange stereoscopes to fold into a
small space by using a stiff bottom, to which the front and back of the instru-
ment are connected by a flexible joint working like a hinge, and the top of
the instrument is connected in a similar way to the front and back, which are
themselves made with joints running parallel with the other joints, so that the
parts of the front and of the back double in and fold one over the other when
the instrument is out of use. A central partition is used to make this instru-
ment rigid when set up, in the same way as in the instrument first described;
or in place of the central partition the sides may be used, as before explained.
Sometimes also I make folding stereoscopes with a stiff front, and I joint the
top and bottom thereto with a spring joint, so that they either fold down on
the front or stand out therefrom like the blades of a half-opened pocket knife
when the instrument is set up for use. The back and sides of this instrument
are made of a flexible fabric, so as to fold within the other parts when the
instrument is closed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING FATTY MATTERS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicolino Corrado at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd June
1857.
1, NICOLINO CORRADO, of 4, Cardington Street, Hampstead Road, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING FATTY MATTERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in purifying fatty matters by crushing the crude fat
and washing it with water. For this purpose the crude fat (either previously
washed or otherwise) is placed in a vessel, on the bottom of which a crushing
roller works, so as to crush all the fat between itself and the bottom of the
vessel. During the crushing process the vessel is filled with water, which is
changed from time to time as it gets foul; or in place of crushing the fat
while it is immersed in water, it may be first crushed and afterwards stirred
up with water to wash out the impurities. In either case the purer part of
the fat rises to the surface of the water, and is removed and kept separate
from the rest of the fat, which remains mixed with the water or which sinks
to the bottom of the vessel.
A SEMEIO-MELODION, OR INSTRUMENT FOR DEMONSTRATING MUSICAL WRITING
Year: 1857

page_text: receive
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George White at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th December
1857. A communication from M' Armin Früh, of Vienna (Austria).
I, GEORGE WHITE, of 5, Laurence Pountney Lane, Cannon Street, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A SEMEIO-MELODION, OR INSTRUMENT FOR DEMONSTRATING MUSICAL WRITING,"
a communication from M Armin Früb, of Vienna (Austria), to be as
follows:-
The object of this instrument is to demonstrate the principles of musical
writing in a visible and at the same time in an audible manner. The instru-
ment, enclosed in a box with suitable doors, consists of a dial plate exhibiting
the five horizontal lines of the stave, crossed by other vertical lines, and
furnished with a series of moveable dots or buttons, each of them representing
one of the notes of the stave, each of which may be moved one step towards the
right and one towards the left-hand side, when the indication or sign for the
flat. or sharp will protrude through suitable openings in the dial plate, and
place itself above the note, according as will be required by the scale,
and which takes place by means of a suitable mechanism situated in the box
behind the said dial plate. A moveable slide, furnished with one or more
series of keys, is situated near the upper part of the dial plate; each key
serves for putting the notes of the dial plate in the required chromatic scale

page_text: which is wished to be indicated on this plate, by means of the mechanical
arrangements in the box. The instrument is furnished with a pair of bellows
and valves with vibrating blades for giving the required sounds of the notes
shown on the dial plate, with their signs of flat and sharp, according to any
required chromatic scale shown on the dial plato.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PETTICOATS AND OTHER KNITTED FABRICS ON CIRCULAR LOOMS OR FRAMES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th January 1857.-A communication from Monsieur Lucevilliard.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PETTICOATS AND OTHER KNITTED
FABRICS ON CIRCULAR LOOMS OR FRAMES," (communicated to me by Monsieur
Lucevilliard, a foreigner residing abroad,) to be as follows
This Invention consists in forming on circular looms or frames petticoats
and other knitted fabrics, with plain hollow stripes or recessed parts, tucks, or
puckers, into which strips of whalebone, cane, steel, or india-rubber, or other
flexible substance, are inserted.
;
To produce on a circular frame a fabric with such hollow parts or folds:-
1. I miss every alternate needle; 2. I close one or more of the needle barbs
3. I use a presser wheel, so formed as to produce at intervals open-work parts
and hollow stripes alternately.
When the web is taken from the frame, it is split in the direction of its
length, and then divided crosswise, according to the fullness required when the
stiffening substances are inserted.
To introduce steel, whalebone, or other flexible material into an ordinary
knitted fabric, an additional thread is inserted at intervals to form the hollowed
parts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FIRE LIGHTERS, AND IN APPARATUS OR STOVES FOR BURNING THE SAME
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Reeves Cox at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th December
1857.
I, RICHARD REEVES Cox, of Kentish Town, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF FIRE LIGHTERS, AND IN APPARATUS OR STOVES FOR BURNING THE
SAME," to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in manufacturing fire lighters of a composition
of about 48 parts of cow dung, 24 parts of sawdust, 21 parts of tar, 10 parts
of resin, and 9 parts of coal dust, which proportions, however, admit of
variation. The cow dung is the ingredient which is used in the largest
proportion, and it serves to bind the materials together. The mixture is
made into cakes with perforations through them for the passage of air. They
are very easily ignited, and burn with a bright flame, and then leave a coke
or cinder which glows and burns for some time afterwards. Other ingredients,
such as turpentine or a little coke dust or clay, may be added to the aforesaid
mixture, if desired, but such additions are not necessary, as the aforesaid
mixture is complete in itself, and produces an excellent article for the required
purpose. The composition is made into cakes in a mould with pins or

page_text: projections which form the holes in the cakes, and the cake is pushed out by
a moveable plate or bottom, which pushes it off the pins at the same time;
or, the pins are drawn out and the perforated cake removed.
I make a small apparatus or stove, consisting of a case of sheet iron or
other suitable material with cross bars or supports for carrying the fire
lighter, or two or more fire lighters, and the top of the case is also furnished
with supports, or is so arranged as to be adapted for supporting a saucepan
or coffee pot or other vessel. The fire lighter being supported in this
apparatus, the air obtains easy access to it, and passing up through the
perforations, effects its combustion, and directs the flame and products of
combustion against the bottom of the vessel placed over it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COPYING PRESSES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Stettinius Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th May 1857.-A communication from W" N. Smith and Peter.
Hannay, of the City of Washington, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM STETTINIUS CLARK, of the American Patent Agency, 133, High
Holborn, in the County of Middlessex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COPYING PRESSES," (a communication,) to
be as follows:-
"
The object of this Invention is to produce a cheap, simple, and efficient
press for copying purposes, which is portable, and may be carried in a port-
manteau for travelling merchants and others. It consists of a novel arrange-
ment of links and levers at the opposite sides or ends of the press, by which
the platten and bed plate are thrown apart or drawn together, to produce the
required pressure, and are so arranged and operated that when the book is
placed in and the pressure applied, it forms a clamp thereto, occupying no.
more space than the book alone, and whereby an. uniform degree of pressure
is produced at all times, and in each successive application; a skeleton frame
of cast iron, with rib traces to give great strength, having four short legs
to support it; on the face of this casting is riveted a. thin. board of wood; at
each end of this casting is a short journal or wrist, on each of which a link of
hooked form is firmly keyed with a wrist projecting laterally from the upper.

page_text: end of each. The platen may be similarly constructed; to these are two
levers which are connected together by a rod extending from one end across
the top of the platten; the lower end of the levers is fitted with wedge-
shaped boxes, which are adjustable to or from each other, and held at any
distance apart by a tapering clamp, being tightened against them by a
screw and nut.
It will thus be seen that in clamping the book the pressure is to draw the
boxes together, I therefore make them of tapering form, and clamp them
between two surfaces, which narrow towards the centre; and by loosening the
nut, the boxes may be readily placed at any desired distance to suit the
thickness of the book to be used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORGANS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Groves at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th February
1857.
I, SAMUEL GROVES, of Judd Place East, in the County of Middlesex, Organ
Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN ORGANS," to be as follows:-
relates to the application to the
which air from the air chamber
My Invention of improvements in organs
pneumatic lever of a vacuum chamber, into
of the pneumatic lever is allowed to escape, or is drawn by the action of an
exhausting apparatus connected with the said vacuum chamber. By the
addition of this contrivance, and suitable provision being made for opening
or cutting off the communication between the vacuum chamber and the
interior of the pneumatic lever (by means of valve rods or other suitable
contrivances), a double action will be given to the bellows of the pneumatic
lever, so as to cause such bellows to act both ways. By this means a second
bellows, which is ordinarily employed in the pneumatic apparatus for the
reverse action, can be dispensed with.
Another improvement consists in the application of an escape valve to the
under side or other convenient part of the moveable part of the pneumatic
lever. This valve is connected to and acted upon by a rod, which also opens
پر موجود

page_text: and closes a valve communicating between, the air chest and upper part of the
pneumatic lever, and thus the cutting off of the supply of air to the pneumatic
lever and the discharge of the air. therefrom will be dependent the one on
the other.
A NEW MECHANICAL MEANS OF ROCKING CRADLES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolphe Barthélemy Ellena at.
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th October 1857.
I, ADOLPHE BARTHÉLEMY ELLENA, of Paris, in the Empire of France, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW MECHANICAL
MEANS OF ROCKING CRADLES," to be as follows:-
In a casing placed beneath the cradle, (and bolted or otherwise fastened to
one of the vertical supports thereof) I place a frame, supporting an axle
having a crank at one end thereof, and carrying a toothed wheel, a drum,
(enclosing a motor or driving spring), and also a ratchet, into which takes a
catch fixed on the framing. The toothed wheel gears into a pinion wheel
supported on a second shaft. This pinion causes a toothed wheel on the same
shaft to gear into a pinion supported on a third shaft, which also carries a toothed
wheel which gears into a pinion on a fourth and lower shaft, which also carries a
flyer or balance and crank, from one end of which the arm of the balance rises
vertically, and is attached to the cradle, which is placed horizontally between
two uprights, supported on pins resting in slots made therein; or the cradle
may be supported in any other suitable manner. The apparatus being wound
up by the crank on the first shaft, the entire system of wheels is set in
motion, and the arm of the balance or flyer gives a regular oscillating or
rocking motion to the cradle until the apparatus runs down, when it must be

page_text: again remounted by turning the crank. A wheel and catch placed near the
first shaft gives the option of arresting the motion should the child sleep before
the apparatus runs down.
Ventilation may also be obtained for the cradle when desired, and other
modifications made in the disposition of the several parts of the above-described
mechanical apparatus.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF DRESSING MILLSTONES FOR HULLING RICE AND OTHER GRAIN HAVING HULLS OR HUSкS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Messmore at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th August
1857. A communication.
I, DANIEL MESSMORE, of the City of New York, in the United States of
America, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF DRESSING MILLSTONES FOR HULLING RICE AND OTHER GRAIN
HAVING HULLS OR HUSкS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improved method of dressing millstones
for hulling rice and other grain having hulls or husks. The objections to the
"dress" heretofore given to the furrows of millstones for these purposes are,
that the grain is confined to the eye or central part of the stones, and does not
readily clear itself, so that it chokes up and retards the operation of the stones.
And further, when the grain does leave the central part of the stones, it is
too rapidly carried to the peripheries of the stones by the centrifugal action.
imparted to the grain.
These objections are overcome by the present Invention, which consists as
follows:-In place of forming the furrows or grooves on the surfaces of the
bed stone and runner stone respectively, as heretofore, they are arranged in
the following manner:-On the surface of the bed stone are formed at equal
distances apart four semicircular furrows or grooves, the end of each of which
springs from the eye of the stone, and terminates on a radius struck from the
centre of the stone situated at about right angles to the radius at which the
curved groove or channel commences at the eye of the stone. From the outer

page_text: end of each semicircular furrow or groove there is formed a straight radial
groove, which terminates at the periphery of the stone. From each of the
radial grooves four parallel curved grooves are made, which are struck from
four points external of the periphery, and they incline outwards. Three of
these parallel grooves terminate at the periphery of the stone, the fourth
terminates near the next radial groove. On the surface of the runner stone
are formed four similar semicircular grooves, but wider than those of the bed
stone, and from near the outer end of each such semicircular groove is formed
a curved groove, which commences near the end of the semicircular groove,
and terminates at the periphery.
AN IMPROVED MUSIC SCALE
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Fox at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
his Petition, on the 17th March
1857.
I, JOHN Fox, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Builder, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MUSIC SCALE," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction or formation of a new scale in
music, whereby the present deficiency and dissonance which occurs in some
keys especially is obviated. The principle of this Invention consists in placing
a certain quantity of additional musical sounds in certain positions within the
present octave. These additional sounds, in combination with the present
notes of the scale, constitute my improved music scale. In this improved
scale all the following or consecutive fourths and fifths are made perfect
chords, and are all placed in the same order as when they are made use of in
the various keys. This new music scale, which I term the "Victoria" scale,
is readily applied to all instruments having key-boards or claviers, as in the
pianoforte and organ; but the key-board frames will, in all cases, require some
slight alteration and additions, and, in some cases, a new key-board will require
to be substituted. In order to afford room for the additional pipes which

page_text: would be required in an organ, it is proposed to lessen the width of the pipes,
and increase their depth from front to back; the pipe mouths are also cut
higher up, and more wind is forced into them, instead of, as in the present
case, shutting off the wind by plugging the hole in each foot.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING RECEPTACLES FOR SEWERAGE, FOR SEPERATING THE FLUID FROM THE SOLID PORTION THEREOF, AND FOR PURIFYING, STORING, AND CARRYING AWAY THE SAME
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Herbert Maberly at thre
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
January 1857.
I, FREDERICK HERBERT MABERLY, of Stowmarket, in the County of Suffolk,
Master of Arts, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING RECEPTACLES FOR SEWERAGE, FOR SEPERATING
THE FLUID FROM THE SOLID PORTION THEREOF, AND FOR PURIFYING, STORING, AND
CARRYING AWAY THE SAME," to be as follows:-
I propose to form large sunken arched vaults (except where the fall of the
sewerage does not require the arched vaults should be sunken) of any suitable
material water and air tight, save and except the openings made therein for
the entrance and exit of the filth and sewerage of any description, and those
to be made therein for the exit of the deodorized or partially deodorized liquid
portion of such filth or sewerage. On the top of these arches I propose to place
funnels or tubes of sufficient magnitude, containing gravel or any deodorizing
substance or substances, through which the greater portion of the water that
may be in the filth within the vaults will be forced by the descent of the
sewerage itself or some other power to come out comparatively clear. Tubes
will be connected to the lower part of the arched vaults, through which tubes,
by means of chain pumps, and network chain scoops, or bags, or other appa-
ratus, the filth may be removed from the vault and be conveyed into closed
cylinders or other receivers. In order to get rid of and deodorize whatever

page_text: water may remain in the filth, I propose, where needful, to carry the tubes
before mentioned to any convenient height above the cylinders or receivers,
so that by the descent of the filth into them the remaining foul water may
be forced through other tubes (charged with deodorizing substances) fixed in
said cylinders or receivers, but of a less height abovo these cylinders or
receivers than the highest part of the tube conveying the filth from the arched
vaults, and so pass off clear, or nearly so.
The filth may be conveyed away from these cylinders or receivers in closed
carts or otherwise, so that not the least offensive effluvia may escape therefrom;
or the filth in these cylinders or receivers may be deodorized by admixture
with peat, charcoal, or other deodorizing substance while in the cylinders; in
such case it may be conveyed away openly. The filth may be passed as
directed through tubes into a ship or barge, but in such cases the ship or
barge must be fitted with a receiver, as before explained, and this arrangement
will be found most valuable as regards large cities situate on rivers or close to
water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CLEANING KNIVES AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elkan Adler and Robert Parker
Abernethy at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th April 1857.
We, ELKAN ADLER, of the City of New York, in the United States of
America, now residing at 133, High Holborn, Middlesex, and ROBERT
PARKER ABERNETHY, of Cincinnati, in the State of Ohio, in the United
States of America, now residing at 36, High Holborn, Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES
FOR CLEANING KNIVES AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists, first, in providing a frame to lay the knives or other
similar articles in, so that they may be subjected to the action of the rubbers
in the manner herein-after mentioned, or any other suitable method.
Second, in providing two rollers with elastic surfaces rotating in bearings,
so as to act on both surfaces of the knives at once, exactly similar to the action
of rollers in a rolling mill, excepting that the knives, by means of the frame,
mentioned in the first part of the Invention, are made to progress between the
rollers at a speed different to that of the periphery of the rollers themselves,
and they pass between the rollers, so that the length of the knives is parallel
to the axis of the rollers.
In the first part of the Invention the method of constructing the frame
that we prefer is to have a horizontal fixed table, which is provided with a
guide bar or groove, or other suitable means of guiding the frame, herein-after

page_text: described. To this table is fixed the bearings carrying the rollers, mentioned
in the second part of the Invention, when they are used in connexion with
this method of mounting the knives, but this mounting may be used with other
means of moving the rubbers or sharpeners.
The frame is fitted accurately, so as to move in a rectilinear manner in the
groove or guide, and has a series of suitably shaped slots for retaining the
blades of the knives or other similar articles near to the handles. For the
better fixing of the knives, there is a thin plate of metal, or, if necessary, more
than one, furnished. with slots opposite to those near the handles of the knives,
so as to support and retain the blades of the knives in their places during the
action of the rubbers.
The motion of the frame is by a rack and pinion movement, or any other
suitable mechanical contrivance.
The rollers mentioned in the second part of the Invention are mounted on
the table by means of suitable projections therefrom, and have a groove or
grooves to permit the free passage of the thin plate of metal supporting the
blades of the knives. The rollers are driven by the same train of wheelwork
that actuates the knife frame, but at a different speed thereto.
The knives must be shifted so as to clean that part of the blade passing
through the thin plate or plates before being removed from the machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by. Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd June 1857.-A communication.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E. C., Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS," (communicated to me by a
foreigner residing abroad,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment in a peculiar manner of a
supplemental cap to a gas jet or burner, and of such description as shall cause
the issue of the gas in a flat jet, of which the "fish-tail burner," so called,
may be given as an example.
By means of this appliance a saving of gas or an increased illumination is
obtained.
Upon a burner, say, for instance, of the fish-tail kind, there is secured
by set screws a tall cylindrically-shaped cap, so placed as to permit of
the adjusting and securing the said cap in the proper position, and which
position is a matter of importance, as upon it depends the correct working of
the apparatus.
The top of the cap is hemispherically shaped and has a slot cut across it.
Near the base of the cap are several holes, forming apertures for the admission
of air. To obtain the intended advantages, the cap must be set first so far
over the burner as to bring the top of the latter up to about the base of the
hemispherically-shaped top, and secured so that the flat jet of gas shall

page_text: impinge directly upon the slot and be in a line with it. As the slot is to
form a larger orifice than that in the tip of the burner over which it is
adjusted, the issuing gas will form a current, so that a portion of atmospheric
air will be drawn in through the apertures at the base of the cap, and
ascending, will pass out and be consumed with the gas, producing brighter
light. The light is also found to be greater than before, even when the air
holes are closed so that no air enters, but it is not quite equal to that with
the air.
PURIFYING PLASTIC CLAY USED FOR THE MAKING OF ALL KINDS OF EARTHENWARE, AND FOR THE CHEAPER AND MORE EXPEDITIOUS MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES, DRAINING PIPES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF CLAY OF A SIMILAR NATURE OR DESCRIPTION
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Harland at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th April
1857.
I, JOHN HARLAND, of Number 31, Shield Street, in the Borough and
County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Timber Merchant, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "PURIFYING PLASTIC CLAY USED FOR THE MAKING
OF ALL KINDS OF EARTHENWARE, AND FOR THE CHEAPER AND MORE EXPEDITIOUS
MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES, DRAINING PIPES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF CLAY OF A
SIMILAR NATURE OR DESCRIPTION," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
machinery or apparatus for cleaning or purifying clay, and for making bricks,
drain pipes, or other similar articles, whereby a great saving of power is
effected, and the clay is well purified or freed from stones or grits.
According to the ordinary method at present in use, the clay is contained in
a stationary box fitted with a travelling ram for forcing it through suitable
dies or between bars at the end of the box (according to the article to be
made). But according to this Invention, the clay is contained in a travelling
box running on antifriction rollers, and impelled by means of a rack and
pinion, or other suitable mechanical contrivance, for the purpose of forcing the
body of clay against the dies or bars employed for shaping it. These dies
or bars are fitted to the framing of the machine, and are so disposed as to

page_text: admit of the box passing along each side of them during its forward motion.
The lid of this box is fitted in grooves in which it is free to slide. As the
box moves forward, the front edge of the lid comes in contact with the bars or
dies, and is arrested, whilst the box with the clay continues to travel onwards,
and forces the clay through the moulding dies. It is thus obvious that
an immense reduction of friction is obtained, as the mass of clay is never
required to move or rub against the sides of the box.
The purifying of the clay is accomplished by forcing it through a grating of
any desired degree of fineness, placed either in the lid of the box or at the
end thereof, so that on starting the machine the clay will be forced through
such gratings, which are made sufficiently fine to exclude small stones, &c.
This purifying process may be carried on simultaneously with the manu-
facture of bricks or other articles, the fine clay exuding by the pressure upon
it through the grating in the box lid, whilst the coarser clay is being squeezed
through the bars or dies in the process of being moulded into bricks or other
articles. Or, if found desirable, one box may be kept for purifying & another
for brick making.
PREVENTING ACCIDENTS ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Baptiste Victor Demanet at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th January 1857.
I, JEAN BAPTISTE VICTOR DEMANET, of No. 53, Frith Street, Soho, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "PREVENTING ACCIDENTS
ON RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
Apparatus going backward and preventing the shock when the collision
takes place, to warn the engine's driver, the man at the brake, and untight
the train. Each train must be provided with an apparatus "called adver-
tiser." It can be made of any length to 500 yards, more or less. All the
pieces are made of solid iron. The apparatus is attached to the locomotive
engine, and can be detached in few minutes, and then attached to another.
The apparatus does not require any alteration in the present system of rail-
ways or locomotive engines.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CHAIRS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Wright Hawks at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
February 1857.
I, STEPHEN WRIGHT HAWKS, of Gateshead Iron Works, Gateshead-upon-
Tyne, in tho County of Durham, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CHAIRS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in forming the chair in two separate side pieces,
rolled, forged, or cast to whatever section the shape of the rail may require,
one piece fitting on each side of the rail, and a bolt or bolts being passed
through suitable holes in the rail and the two side pieces respectively, so as to
connect the three thicknesses of metal firmly together. These side pieces are
also formed with a foot or lateral extension, so as to rest on a bottom plate, to
which they are firmly secured by a bolt or bolts passed through each such foot
or lateral extension, and the bottom plate into the sleeper or foundation. Tho
bottom plate is rolled with clips or jaws on the outer edge to confine the chair
or combined side pieces laterally. The bottom of the rail may rest on the
central part of the bottom plate.
The side pieces intended to form the chairs may be rolled, forged, or cast of
the required form in the cross section, and cut or sawn into suitable : lengths,
and punched to receive the bolts. At the junction of two ends of rails the
length of the chair is increased, and the side pieces are bolted to the ends of

page_text: the rails by two or more bolts passed through each of such ends, the chair or
combined sido pieces with the bottom plate being bolted down to the sleeper
or foundation in the same manner as in the case of the intermediate chair.
By this mode of fixing the rails in the chairs, the necessity for the use of
"fish piccos" is obviated, as the chair itself splices the rails.
AN IMPROVED ANTI- GAROTTE CRAVAT
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Peddie How at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th January
1857.
I, ANDREW PEDDIE How, of Mark Lane, in the City of London, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED ANTI-
GAROTTE CRAVAT," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in setting a number of barbed or plain points in a
linen, leather, or other suitable back, or in a "stiffener," as used for cravats
or stocks, and in covering the same with silk or other material suitable for
being worn round the neck. The points do not protrude beyond the outer
covering of the cravat, and need not occupy the whole depth of the stiffener,
as one or two rows about the centre thereof will generally be found sufficient.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF ELASTIC FABRICS, AND FOR THE APPLICATION OF SUCH FABRICS TO THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given was compos
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Archibald. Turner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th May
1857.
I, ARCHIBALD TURNER, of Leicester, Elastic Web Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF ELASTIC FABRICS, AND FOR THE APPLICATION OF SUCH FABRICS TO THE
MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the manufacture of clastic fabrics relates,..
first, to a mode of manufacturing an elastic fabric with an ordinary woven
fabric for a foundation, and combining therewith strands of india-rubber, which
are secured by cross or weft threads that are thrown across by a carrier, such
cross or weft threads being secured by two sets of warp threads that are worked
by needles and guides, in a similar manner to that shewn and described under
a former Patent, granted to me, October 15th, 1856.
Another mode of making an elastic fabric on a woven fabric for a foundation
consists in causing the guides to shog to the right and left, so as to throw
their threads to and fro over the india-rubber strands, and thereby cover tho
latter, the threads of the guides being secured by the threads belonging to
the needles.
An elastic fabric without a woven fabric for a foundation may be produced'

page_text: by causing the needles as well as the guides to shog to the right and left, so
that they may be tied into one another at the proper intervals.
Another kind of elastic fabric may be produced by throwing a weft thread
across at the back of the fabric, and securing or tying it in by means of the
threads belonging to the needles, by causing the latter to pass over the cross
threads when they are thrown across. The india-rubber strands are covered in
front with the threads of the guides, which are shogged to and fro for the
purpose, as in the former instance.
All these fabrics will possess a considerable degree of elasticity, and will
present an ornamental appearance, which will render them peculiarly applicablo
for the manufacture of the tops of ladies' boots and shoes. When the elastic
fabric is intended to be employed for this or any similar purpose, in which' an
ornamental edging may be desired, I manufacture the improved elastic fabric
with an ornamental edging or frill at both selvages, if desired. The most
convenient way of producing the ornamental or frill edging is by causing the
india-rubber strands to contract and pucker up the non-elastic fabric, which is
extended to any required and suitable distance beyond the. india-rubber or
elastic strands, either on both or at only one selvage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS POR RAISING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stobbs and George Roger
Hall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 3rd October 1857.
We, JOHN STоBBS, of Sidney Street, North Shields, and GEORGE ROGER
HALL, of Linskill Street, North Shields, in the County of Northumberland, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS
POR RAISING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in combining together the barrels of two or more
pumps placed side by side, the barrel of each pump (excepting that in which
the first lift takes place) being provided at its lower end with an air-tight
box or cistern, each placed one above the other, so as to receive the contents
of the lowermost barrel with which it is in immediate connection, and so on,
for each succeeding barrel, according to the number employed. The contents
of each of the aforesaid boxes or cisterns being raised by the bucket of its
respective barrel, or instead of using said boxes or cisterns each barrel may be
connected to the other by a sloping branch pipe. It is proposed to impart
motion to the buckets of said pumps by a three or more throw crank shaft;
the cranks being so arranged with respect to each other as to cause one or
more of the buckets to be ascending whilst others are descending. The
object sought to be attained by this Invention being to keep up the momentum
gained by the first stroke of the pump, and by these means to obtain a

page_text: continual flow of water or other liquids during the working of the pump,
instead of allowing the liquid to rest, as in the common lift pump. By the
above improvement a great saving of mechanical power is effected and greater
speed obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING GAS AND IN APPARATUS USEFUL FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL, SPECIFICATION left by Richard Laming at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th Novem-
ber 1857.
I, RICHARD LAMING, of Hayward's Heath, in the County of Sussex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PURIFYING GAS AND IN APPARATUS USEFUL FOR THAT PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the double diaphragins scrubber or washing vessel
described in the Specification of my Patent, dated February 3rd, 1857, and
improves upon it by substituting for the small holes for minutely dividing the
gas in the washing liquid, other arrangements for establishing a perfected system
of wave or surface washing (sometimes to be combined with ordinary scrubbing
or washing), the object of the Invention being not only to purify or wash the
gas with a minimum quantity of the liquid used, while no greater resistance
is in any case opposed to the free passage of the gas than may suit the
circumstances of the particular works, but also to reduce the current of
impure gas to a thin stratum, it being at the same time brought into contact
with a flowing stream of purifying liquid, which also occupies great area, but
is nevertheless so confined within channels as to be less liable to stagnate in
its course than in the case of the former double-diaphragms' scrubber.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SCUTCHING AND HACKLING FLAX, HEMP, AND OTHER SIMILAR FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hill Dickson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
December 1857.
I, JAMES HILL DICKSON, of Stanley Terrace, Rotherhithe, in the County of
Surrey, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SCUTCHING AND HACKLING
FLAX, HEMP, AND OTHER SIMILAR FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
machinery or apparatus for scutching and hackling flax, hemp, India and
China grass, and other similar fibrous substances, and consists in the appli-
cation and use of a peculiar combination of brushes, and scrapers, and openers,
the processes of scutching and hackling being effected in one machine. The
fibres are presented to this machine by a pair of fluted nipping rollers in
connection with a feeding barrel or drum, having a partial rotatory motion
imparted to it by means of an internal segmental rack and pinion. This
barrel or drum is moved forward towards the cleaners and openers by means
of a screw spindle, so that the fibres (which lay over a leather apron when
under treatment) are accurately presented to the action of the cleaning and
opening apparatus. The openers which first operate on the fibres consist of
blades or scrapers attached to rotatory arms at gradually diminishing distances
from the centre, and are each fitted on their outer flat surfaces with a number
of projecting teeth, which incline back slightly, so as not to tear the fibres as
they pass through them.
The cleaners and brushers consist of brushes attached also to rotatory

page_text: arms, and having spring knives placed within them for scraping and brushing
off the resin and woody matter.
The feeding barrel or drum is slowly turned round during the time that
the fibre is being operated upon, so as to present the whole length of fibro
successively to the action of the revolving cleaners & openers.
This feeding apparatus can be easily adapted to tho Irish scutching
machines, or a round horizontal revolving table may be used in combination
with suitable holders & circular cleaners and openers of the description above
referred to, such cleaners and openers fitting the periphery of the horizontal
table.
Ax IMPROVEMENT IN FURNACES FOR MELTING THE MATERIALS OF GLASS, IRON, AND OTHER METALS, AND FOR BOILING WATER AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Aitken at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th April 1857.
I, JOHN AITKEN, of Essex Street, Islington, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Ax
IMPROVEMENT IN FURNACES FOR MELTING THE MATERIALS OF GLASS, IRON, AND
OTHER METALS, AND FOR BOILING WATER AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
A furnace of any convenient size or shape, formed of such materials as
usual where a strong heat is required; fire bars along or across the furnace
with entrance outside. Where it is desirable to keep the fumes of the firo
from the materials, let there be on each side of the fire bars a thin partition
from the bottom or floor to a flue in the top of the furnace. The flue is to
wind round the furnace chamber in the wall, either transversely. or longi-
tudinally, and to be connected with a fan or air pump outside of the furnace.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Cadby, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th October
1857.
I, CHARLES CADBY, of Liquorpond Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Pianoforte Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in pianofortes relates to a novel mode of
constructing the sounding board of these instruments, and of enabling them
to sustain the downward pressure that is put on them by the pressure of the
strings on the bridge, and which pressure has a great tendency to injure or
impair the tone of the instrument by preventing the due vibration of the
sounding board, or from other causes.
In order to effect the above objects, I place at the back of the sounding
board a second sounding board, so as to form with the two sounding boards a
kind of box or chest, which I call the sound chest. Beneath the bridge on
the top or first sounding board, I place a number of flat springs made of wood,
or some other suitable material, and so arranged that that part of the under
side of the sounding board immediately below the bridge is made to rest on
the top of the flat springs, and is therefore supported thereby, the downward
pressure of the strings being counteracted by the resistance and elasticity of
the springs beneath. The vibrations of the first or top sounding board are also

page_text: conducted down the flat springs to the lower sounding board, on which the
ends or extremities of the springs are made to bear.
The springs may be made either single or double, elliptic, or any other form
that may be found most convenient or suitable, and if desired apertures or
holes may be made in the top sounding board, to allow the sound to escape
from the sound box or chest.