IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF UNIVERSAL CHUCKS USED IN LATHES AND OTHER SIMILAR MACHINES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Lee, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, for the Invention of “IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
UNIVERSAL CHUCKS USED IN LATHES AND OTHER SIMILAR MACHINES.”
UNIVERSAL CHucks used in LATHES AND OTHER SIMILAR MACHINES.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Lee at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th December 1874.
I, WILLIAM LEE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, .do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF UNIVERSAL CHUCKS USED IN LATHES AND OTHER SIMILAR
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed principally to enable the workman to
"unchuck" or release the article from the dogs or holders, and replace
it by another without stopping the lathe, by which means both time and
labor are considerably economised.

page_text: Upon the upper extremity of each of the screws by which the dogs or
holders are raised and lowered I key or otherwise fix a small bevil
pinion; gearing in these wheels upon opposite sides are two large annular
bevil wheels loosely embracing the circumference of the chuck, and
prevented from slipping sideways by means of pins working in grooves
in the circumference of the same or in any equivalent manner. Now it
will be evident that as one or the other of these annular wheels acts upon
the above mentioned small bevil pinions, the screws attached thereto will
be turned in corresponding directions, and the dogs raised or lowered
accordingly.
'
I employ a double break, working on a pivot in such a way that it
will act upon the external surfaces of either of the annular bevil wheels,
or if preferred a separate break may be used for each wheel. The effect
of applying this break is to make the annular wheel acted upon (which
is fitted loose upon the chuck for that purpose), revolve more slowly
than the chuck, and by this means the small bevil pinion which is carried
round at the same speed as the latter is caused to rotate on its own axis
in one direction or the other, according to which annular wheel is
retarded, and thereby to raise or lower the dogs.
In some instances in place of the above-mentioned screw I proposo to
substitute a worm similar to that used in the ordinary American
universal chucks.
This Invention is especially valuable in screwing machines for cutting
the thread on bolts and screws where the machine has to be stopped to
chuck each bolt; it is also applicable to raise and lower automatically a
cutting tool, such for instance as is used in a tube cutting machine.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Lee in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
10th June 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM 3
LEE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the

page_text: thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said William Lee, Her special
license that I, the said William Lee, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said William Lee, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF 'UNIVERSAL CHUCKS' USED IN LATHES AND OTHER SIMILAR
MACHINES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William
Lee, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Leo, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed; to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say) :-
:-
This Invention is designed principally to enable the workman to
unchuck or release the article from the dogs or holders, and replace it by
another without stopping the lathe, by which means both time and labor
are considerably economized.
Such being the nature and object of my said Invention, I will now
proceed to describe in detail the manner in which the same is to be
or may be performed or carried into practical effect, and in order that the
same may be clearly understood I have annexed hereunto a Sheet of
Drawings illustrative thereof, and have marked the same with figures and
letters of reference corresponding with those in the following explanation
thereof:
:-
In the annexed Drawing Fig. 1 is an edge view (drawn partly in
section) of a chuck made according to my Invention; and Fig. 2 is a
face view of the same also partly shown in section; Fig. 3 is a section of
a modification of the same.

page_text: Upon the upper extremity of each of the screws c, c, by which the
dogs or holders b, b, are raised and lowered, I key or otherwise fix a
small bevil pinion d, d. Gearing in these pinions d, d, upon opposite
sides are two large annular bevil wheels e, e, and f, f, loosely embracing
the circumference of the chuck, and prevented from slipping sideways by
means of pins or plates 9, 9, working in grooves in the circumference of
the same or in any equivalent manner. Now it will be evident that as
one or the other of these annular wheels e, e, or f, f, acts upon the
above-mentioned small bevil wheels d, d, the screws c, c, attached
thereto will be turned in corresponding directions, and the dogs b, b,
raised or lowered accordingly.
I employ a double break working on a pivot in such a way that it will
act upon the external surfaces of either of the annular bevil wheels, or if
preferred a separate break may be used for each wheel. The effect of
applying this break is to make the annular wheel e or facted upon
(which is fitted loose upon the chuck a, a, for that purpose) revolve
more slowly than the chuck, and by this means the small bevil
pinion d, d, which is carried round at the same speed as the latter is
caused to rotate on its own axis in one direction or the other, according
to which annular wheel e or f is retarded, and thereby to raise or lower
the "dogs" b, b.
In some instances in place of the screws c, c, above mentioned, I
propose to substitute a worm similar to that used in the ordinary
American universal chucks.
This Invention is especially valuable in screwing machines for cutting
the thread on bolts and screws where the machine has to be stopped to
chuck each bolt; it is also applicable to raise and lower automatically a
cutting tool, such for instance as is used in a tube cutter's machine.
In the modification shown at Fig. 3, instead of placing the wheels e, e,
and ff, as in Figs. 1 and 2, I make them in the form of an internal
toothed wheel e, e, and an external toothed wheel f, f, and in place of
the small bevil pinion I have a spur pinion d, d. This spur pinion turns
on a stud fixed in the collar of the hollow spindle i, i, the external
wheelff, being kept in its place by a ring k, k, screwed into the hollow
spindle. The body a, a, of the chuck is screwed on to the body of the
wheel ƒ,ƒ, and is kept in its place by a screw pin 9, g, and the body a, a,
is screwed in the front to receive the cap 1, 1, which encloses the split
cone b, b, which in this modification take the place of the "dogs.".

page_text: It will be evident that if a break is applied to the body a, a, of the
chuck it will be retarded with respect to the lathe spindle; the cap 1, 1,
is drawn in, and the split cones b, b, tightened upon the work. On the
contrary if the brake be applied to the circumference of the internal
toothed wheel e, e, this is retarded with respect to the spindle of the
lathe, and the motion being transmitted through the pinion & to the
wheel f, f, and body a, a, of the chuck thus causes the cap 1, 1, to be
unscrewed, and the split cones b, b, to be withdrawn so as to release the
work.
Having now described the nature and object of my said Invention,
together with the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed
or carried into practical effect, I wish it to be understood that I claim as
my Invention the arrangement of two bevil or spur tooth rings both geared
together by a toothed pinion or pinions, and arranged substantially in
the manner herein-before described and shown on the Drawings annexed,
so that by retarding one or other of the said rings by means of a break,
the dogs or split cones of the chuck are caused to advance or retire,
according to which of the rings is retarded.
.
'
In witness whereof, I, the said William Lee, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighth day of June, in the year of our Lord,
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.