IMPROVE. MENTS IN WEAVING VELVETS AND OTHER PILED FABRICS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Cunliffe Lister, of Manningham, uear
Bradford, in the County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN WEAVING VELVETS AND OTHER PILED FABRICS,"
Sealed the 25th May 1869, and dated the 2nd December 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Cunliffe
Lister at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 2nd December 1868.
I, SAMUEL CUNLIFFE LISTER, of Manningham, near Bradford, in the
County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING VELVETS AND OTHER PILED FABRICS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in weaving velvets
and other piled fabrics. Velvets and other piled fabrics are now some-
times produced by weaving two cloths face to face with a pile passing
from one cloth to the other and so connecting them; the pile is then
cut between the two cloths. Heretofore when producing cotton or
silk velvets or other piled fabrics in this way each loop of the pile warp
[Price 8d.1

page_text: has been tied into the cloth by three or more picks of weft; this has
necessitated the use of very fine weft, or otherwise the pile would not
be sufficiently close.
According to my Invention I tie in the pile loops each with one shoot
of weft only or two may be used, but I prefer one; this enables me to
use a coarser weft and at the same time to obtain a richer pile, whilst
at the same time by well filling the cloths with weft as firm a tie is
obtained as heretofore. Each pile warp thread may be caught into the
cloths by every shoot of the weft in each cloth, but I prefer to divide
the warps into two parts, which in each cloth are caught alternately by
the successive shoots of weft in this way a more regular covering of the
cloths by the pile is obtained.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 2nd June 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
CUNLIFFE LISTER, of Manningham, near Bradford, in the County of
York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister, Her
special licence that I, the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Samuel Cunliffe
Lister, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING VELVETS AND OTHER PILED FABRICS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly

page_text: describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in weaving velvets
and other pile fabrics. Velvets and other pile fabrics which are now
sometimes produced by weaving two cloths face to face with a pile
passing from one cloth to the other and so connecting them, the pile
being afterwards cut between the two cloths. Heretofore when producing
cotton or silk velvets or other piled fabrics in this way each loop of the
pile warp has been tied into the cloth by three or more picks of weft,
this has necessitated the use of very fine weft, or otherwise the pile
would not be sufficiently close.
According to my Invention I tie in the pile loops each with one
shoot of weft only, or two may be used, but I prefer one; this enables
mo to use a coarser weft, and at the same time to obtain a richer pile,
whilst at the same time by well filling the cloths with weft as firm a tie
is obtained as heretofore. Each pile warp thread may be caught into
the cloths by every shoot of the weft in each cloth, but I prefer to
divide the warps into two parts, which in each cloth are caught alter-
nately by the successive shoots of weft, in this way a more regular
covering of the cloths by the pile is obtained.
And in order that my said Invention may be most fully understood
and readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the manner
in which I prefer to conduct the manufacture.
I employ a loom such as is described in the Specification of a Patent
granted to George Davies, and dated the 1st day of November 1858
(No. 2429), and I use therein as heretofore ground warps to produce
two back fabrics, and a pile warp to be woven into each of them, then in
place of working in the usual manner taking the pile warp down to the
lower fabric and shooting three picks of weft in this fabric (under and
over which alternately the pile warp is led), then taking the pile warp
to the upper fabric and binding it into this fabric similarly with three

page_text: picks of weft, and so on, I simply take the pile warp down into the
bottom shed of the lower fabric and throw a single shoot of the weft
over it; then I take the pile warp up into the top shed of the upper
fabric, and throw a single shoot of the weft into this fabric beneath the
pile warp, and so on. I prefer, as already mentioned, to divide the pile
warp into two parts, and work each part separately, thus I tie one section
of the pile warp into one (say the bottom) back fabric with one pick of
weft, then the other section I similarly tie into the other (or top) back
fabric, the first section of the pile warp remaining meanwhile dead
between the two back fabrics; then this first section of the pile warp
is in turn tied into the top fabric, and so on. The weft which I use
is coarser than heretofore, so that whilst I fill the fabric fully as closely
with weft as heretofore, each pile warp thread makes about as many
pile ends in a given length of fabric as is usual in the description of
fabric which is being made. In this way the pile is tied in with quite
sufficient firmness, whilst a comparatively inexpensive weft is used and
the weaving is much more rapidly done. Two picks of weft may be
substituted for each single pick in each back fabric, without departing
from my lovention, but this is less advantageous than the method which
I have previously described.
. What I claim as my Invention in weaving velvets and other pile
facrics is the tieing in the pile connecting two fabrics woven face to
face with one or two picks only of weft to make each tic, as above
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of May,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine.