IM- PROVEMENTS IN TREATING AND PURIFYING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE FATS AND OILS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH.
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James John Shedlock, of Ellenboro' Road, Upper
. Holloway, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN TREATING AND PURIFYING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE FATS AND
OILS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH.
"
Sealed the 17th February 1871, and dated the 18th August 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James John Shedlock
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 18th August 1870.
I, JAMES JOHN SHEDLOCK, of Ellenboro' Road, Upper Holloway, in
5 the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING AND PURIFYING ANIMAL AND
VEGETABLE FATS AND OILS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as
follows:-
These improvements consist, firstly, in preparing the solid fats for
O melting, and, secondly, in the method of treating and purifying fats or

page_text: oils, whether of animal or vegetable production. For these purposes a
machine is constructed in the upper part of which a trough or box is
fitted having a bottom formed by an endless chain or band, supported
by rollers at each end of the trough or box. The solid fats to be treated
are placed in the trough or box, the bottom of which being put in
motion carries them between feed rollers which force them through an
opening of less area than the section of the trough or box. The fats are
by this means compressed and issue from the mouth piece a solid mass,
in which state they are cut into thin shreds by a knife or knives passing
across the mouth piece. The shreds of fat then pass between the
peripheries of two cylinders of unequal diameters, the larger of which
is driven by gearing receiving motion from the other parts of the
machine. The smaller cylinder receives its motion by it's periphery
being brought into contact with that of the larger cylinder. Scrapers
are made to press against the peripheries of the two cylinders for the
purpose of removing any fats adhering thereto. The prepared fats are
then placed in covered vessels, in which are fitted perforated pipes
having communication with an apparatus of the following construction,
by means of which the melting and purifying processes are carried out:
An outer case is provided having a tube passing through each end, the
inlet tube being smaller than the outlet tube; these tubes fitted with
regulating cocks project into the outer case within a short distance of
cach other. The inlet tube communicates with a steam boiler and an
air vessel in which compressed air can be conveniently heated to the
required temperature. The outlet tube is connected with the perforated
pipes in the covered vessels. The sides of the outer case are fitted with
regulating cocks and pipes which communicate with reservoirs con-
taining the purifying agents. Steam or compressed air in passing from
the inlet to the outlet tube will cause a partial vacuum in the outer
case, when upon opening the cocks communicating with the resevoirs
the purifying agents are drawn into the outer case and carried with
the steam or compressed air through the outlet tube, and injected by
the perforated pipes into the fats or oils contained in the covered
vessels
'

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James John Shedlock in the Great Scal Patent
Office on the 18th February 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
JOHN SHEDLOCK, of Ellenboro' Road, Upper Holloway, in the County
of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said James John Shedlock, Her special licence,
that I, the said James John Shedlock, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said James John Shedlock, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN TREATING AND PURIFYING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE FATS AND
OILS, AND IN APPARATUS. CONNECTED THEREWITH," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said James John Shedlock, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James John Shedlock, do. hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to
say :-
These improvements consist, firstly, in preparing the solid fats for
melting, and, secondly, in the method of treating and purifying fats or
oils, whether of animal. or vegetable production. For these purposes a
machine is constructed, in the upper part of which a trough or box is
fitted having a bottom formed by an endless chain or band supported.

page_text: by rollers at each end of the trough or box. The solid fats to be treated
are placed in the trough or box, the bottom of which being put in
motion carries them between feed rollers which force them through an
opening of less area than the section of the trough or box. The fats
are by this means compressed and issue from the mouth piece a solid
mass, in which state they are cut into thin shreds by a knife or knives
passing across the mouth piece. The shreds of fat then pass between
the peripheries of two cylinders of unequal diameters, the larger of
which is driven by gearing receiving motion from the other parts of the
machine. The smaller cylinder receives its motion by its periphery
being brought into contact with that of the larger cylinder. Scrapers
are made to press against the peripheries of the two cylinders for the
purpose of removing any fats adhering thereto. The prepared fats are
then placed in covered vessels in which are fitted perforated pipes
having communication with an apparatus of the following construction,
by means of which the melting and purifying processes are carried out.
An outer case is provided having a tube passing through each end, the
inlet tube being smaller than the outlet tube. These tubes fitted with
regulating corks project into the outer case within a short distance of
each other. The inlet tube communicates with a steam boiler and an
air vessel in which compressed air can be conveniently heated to the
required temperature. The outlet tube is connected with the perforated
pipes in the covered vessels. The sides of the outer case are fitted with
regulating cocks and pipes which communicate with reservoirs con-
taining the purifying agents. Steam or compressed air in passing from
the inlet to the outlet tube will cause a partial vacuum in the outer
case, when upon opening the cocks communicating with the reservoirs
the purifying agents are drawn into the outer case and carried with
the steam or compressed air through the outlet tube and injected by
the perforated pipes into the fats or oils contained in the covered
vessels.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood I will
proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed. Similar letters of
reference indicate corresponding parts where such parts appear or can
be seen at each of the Figures respectively.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.

page_text: fats; Fig. 4 is an elevation partly in section of the apparatus for melting
and purifying the fats and oils.
'
A is the trough or box, the bottom of which is formed by the endless
chain or band B; C, C, are the rollers supporting the endless chain or
band B. The feed rollers D, D, are made to revolve within the mouth
piece E. The knife F passes over the mouth piece E. G and H are the
cylinders; I, I, the scrapers. J is the covered vessel in which the fats
or oils are placed for melting and purifying; K, the perforated pipe
connected by means of a pipe to the outlet tube N passing into the
interior of the outer case L within a short distance of the inlet tube M.
The inlet tube M is connected by means of pipes to the steam boiler O
and the air vessel P. Q, Q, are the regulating cocks and pipes fitted in
the sides of the outer case L, and communicate with the reservoirs R, R.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, that which I claim and desire to be secured
to me is,―
Firstly. The treatment of solid fats before melting by the machine, as
represented by Figs. 1, 2, and 3.
Secondly. The combined arrangement of the machine.
Thirdly. The method of injecting the purifying agents into the fats or
oils by the apparatus, as described, by means of steam or atmospheric
air under pressure.
In witness whereof, I, the said James John Shedlock, have hereunto,
set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of February, in the
woon of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
JAMES JOHN SHEDLOCK. (L.S.)