Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Oct., 1887
Complete Left, 27th June, 1888
Complete Accepted, 27th July, 1888
I, WILSON HARTNELL, of Benson's Buildings, Park Row, Leeds, Electrical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of my invention is to provide an 'improved means of placing and
retaining a shade or reflector surrounding an ordinary electric lamp in, different
positions so as to throw the light accordingly.
This I accomplish by slinging or supporting the shade, and the lamp also, when
possible; by suitable attachments such as will permit them to swivel on a transverse
(say horizontal) axis passing through (or approximately through) the centre of
gravity of the pieces to be moved, and at the same time leave the whole free to
turn upon another axis at right angles to the first (say vertical) provided on the
fixed support.
The reason for fixing the axis at or near the plane of the centre of gravity is to
remove any tendency which the shade and other parts moved might otherwise have of
gravitating into a new position.
Made in what appears the most adaptable form, the apparatus consists-first-of a
part which-secured along with the other attachments at the head of the lamp-is
inade to span across & bend downwards and form the horizontal swivels on the desired
line and second-in a sling, which stirrup-like, also spans across and engages with
these horizontal swivels, and which stirrup is at its centre supported or attached to the
other (vertical) swivel.
÷
For the purposes of explanation I shall refer to the first piece as the "bearer" and
the second portion as the "stirrup." The "bearer" has the horizontal swivels
at each extremity, and these I shall term the "trunnions." The vertical swivel, I term,
simnly the "swivel."

page_text: For glass shades the bearer may be a cross arm-suitably bent downwards to
bring the trunnions" to the proper place, as just described.
$6
"
In some cases a belt carrying the "trunnions may be passed round the shade
with or without projecting clips to secure it to the lower edge of the shade.
For shades made of materials casily pierced; such as cardboard and the like, each
of the "trunnions" may be on a small plate of suitable material fixed in the proper
position by any ordinary means.
In case of a tin or metal shade the "trunnions" may be soldered or fixed to the
shade itself.
Any of these plans may, when desired, be used irrespective of the material of the
shade.
When the "bearer" is to take the "adaptable" form first described and is to be
made along with, or if made separately to be fitted together along with, any
attachments at the head of the lamp, then these "bearers" may be made in one picco
along with any such lamp-head-attachment as may be suitable, or if made as a distinct
piece then it may be fitted and held between any such lamp-head-attachments capable
of nipping or holding it in any way that may prove suitable-The "stirrup" also
whether fitted or not with the "swivel "-
'-or arranged for such fitting-may be made
and sold as a distinct piece.
It must be understood that a "
trunnion," or the eye in which it works, may be
formed either on the "stirrup" or vice versa. In some cases the eyes may be in the
shade itself, and the "trunnions" on the "stirrups," which would obviate the necessity
of any fixture on their sides. In some cases a modified form of a double flexible
"stirrup" may be used, attached to points, equivalent to "the "trunnions," on the
shade, at three places which lie in the plane specified. Of the four ends of the double
flexible "stirrup" two are attached to one of these three points and one to each of the
other two. This double "stirrup" may be suspended from a simple hook which is
free to turn in any direction and thus acts as the "swivel."
Another form of combined "stirrup" and "bearer" in one piece may be made by a
double arm projecting from any attachment at the lamp-head over one side of the
lamp only. This arm must be bent to a radius struck from the centre of gravity of
the shade which in this case should be near the centre of the light itself. This arm
engages with and hangs upon any suitable cross piece provided at the end of the fixed
support which provides the "swivel."
In another case, where the lamp is suspended direct, the "stirrup" may be
dispensed with, and the shade may rest loose on the top of the lamp holder by means
of a curved support struck with a radius from the centre of gravity of the shade.
This curved support must have a slot to allow the lamp suspender to pass through
it and the shade must if required have a slot wide enough to clear the lamp top
and its attachments. By this plan the shade is inclined without the lamp itself
being moved in any way from its fixed support which provides the "swivel."
By the above means the light can be thrown in any desired direction with great
facility.
When the lamp itself moves with the shade the electric connection is easily
maintained by means of the ordinary twin flexible wire, or the wires themselves. may
form part of the "stirrup" and return through or near to a "trunnion," inside or
outside the shade to and from the lamp.
"
دو
The stirrup may be inverted and supported from below (as in a reading lamp) in
which case the "stirrup" and "bearer" may be inside the shade. Or the "stirrup'
may be horizontal to suit the fixtures to which it is attached and on which the
"swivel" is mounted. -Either the "stirrup" & "bearer" or both may be in some
cases inside or outside the shade as most convenient. Or "trunnions" may be inside
or out to suit a corresponding "stirrup."
A "Bearer" may have treble arms to suit the double flexible stirrup arrangement
described above.
The term "fixed support" is descriptive only as it is intended to include hanging
and every class of supports.

page_text: The words "horizontal" & "vertical" are also used in the same way as every
position can be utilized, and modifications could be made which would render theso
terms incorrect in their strict meaning.
"
When I speak of the attachments at the head of the lamp, I allude principally to
the top of the shade, the shado-carrier, tho lamp-holder, and tho "Bearer." Tho
"Bearer
as before stated may be made by itself or it may be compounded with somo
one or other of these parts--whichever inay, be most convenient for the case in
question.
A fow modified forms of "Stirrups" and "Bearors" to suit different styles of
Lamp-head-attachments could be cheaply and easily made, and they would extend
over and embrace almost every class of shaded incandescent lamp-and it is to this
phase of my invention that I attach most valuo.
I prefer the plans by which the lamp.and the shade move together as giving the
most satisfactory results.
In cases in which it might be undesirable to bring the "trunnions" down to the
centre of gravity-suitable friction pieces or clamps may be introduced.
1037
WM. SNOWDON,
9, Beckett's Bank Chambers,
Leeds, Yorkshire,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: I, WILSON HARTNELL, of Benson's Buildings, Park Row, Leeds, Electrical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly describod and ascertained in and by
the following statement :—
The object of my invention is to provide an improved means of placing and retaining
a shade or reflector surrounding an ordinary electric lamp in different positions so as
to throw the light accordingly.
This I accomplish by slinging or supporting the shade, and the lamp also, when
possible, by suitablo attachments such as will permit them to swivel on a transverse
(say "horizontal") axis passing through (or approximately through) the centro of
gravity of the pieces to be moved, and at the same time leave the whole free to turn
upon another axis at right angles to the first (say "vertical") provided on the "fixed
support."
The reason for fixing the axis at or near the plane of the centre of gravity is to
remove any tendency which the shade and other parts moved might otherwise have of
gravitating into a new position.
The same
In order to fully explain my invention I have annexed two drawings.
letters refer to the same parts or their equivalents in all the figures.
Made in what appears the most "adaptable" form, the apparatus consists, first, of a
part which secured along with the attachments at the head of the lamp-is mado to
span across and bend downwards and form tho "horizontal" swivels on the desired
line; and, second, in a sling, which, stirrup-like, also spans across, and engages with
the "horizontal" swivels, and which stirrup is at its centre supported or attached to
the other ("vertical") swivel.
For the purposes of explanation I shall refer to the first piece as the "bearer," A,
and the second portion as the "stirrup," B. The "bearer" has the horizontal swivels.
at each extremity and these I term the "trunnions," C. The "vertical" swivel I
term, simply, the "swivel," D.
For glass shades the "bearer
33
may be a cross-arm suitably bent downwards to
bring the "trunnions," to the proper place, as just described, and as shown in fig. 1
(in elevation.)
دو
In some cases a belt carrying the " trunnions may be passed round the shade,
with or without projecting clips to secure it to the lower edge of the shade, as shown
at fig. 2.
For shades made of materials easily pierced, such as cardboard & the like, each
of the "trunnions" may be on a small plate of suitable material fixed in the proper
position by any ordinary means-say, as shown in fig. 3.
In the case of a tin or metal shade tho "trunnions"
fixed to the shade itself, as at fig. 4.
may be soldered or otherwise

page_text: Any of these plans, where suitable, may, when desired, be used irrespective of the
material of the shade.
When the "bearer" is to take the "adaptable" form first described and is to he
made along with, or, if made separately to be fitted along with, any of the attach-
ments at the head of the lamp, then these "bearers" should be made in one piece
along with any convenient lamp-head-attachment, such as may be suitable, say as
shown in fig. 1; or if made as a distinct piece, see plan view 54, it may then be fitted
and held between any such lamp-head-attachments capable of nipping or holding it
in any way that may prove suitable as shown in an enlarged elevation in fig. 5. The
stirrup" also, whether fitted or not with the "swivel," or arranged for such fitting
may be made and sold as a distinct piece, as shown at fig. 6.
"
"
"
It must be udderstood that a "
"
trunnion or the eye in which it works may be
formed either on the "stirrup" or vice versa. Or a bolt may be passed through two
eyes or a screw may be passed through one eye and may screw into the next. In some
cases the eyes may be in the shade itself and the "trunnions
on the " stirrups
which would obviate any fixtures on the shade sides, as shown in fig. 7. In fig. 8 the
eye is shown on an internal bearer" which may be solid with the shade carrier, or
nipped between it and the shade.
"
In some cases a modified form of a double flexible "stirrup" may be used attached
to points, equivalent to the "trunnions on the shade, at three (or four) places which
lie in the specified. plane. Of the four ends of the double flexible "stirrup" two aro
attached to one of these three points and one to cach of the other two; or, where
there are four attachments they may be placed at the four quarters as shown in plan
at fig. 10, and this is the plan I recommend. In either case the doublo "stirrups"
are suspended from & through a simple hook or ring which should be free to turn in
any direction so as to act as the "swivel," as shown in fig. 9.
Another form of combined "stirrup" and "bearer," in one piece, may be made by
a double arm projecting from any suitable fitting, at the lamp head, over one side of
the shade and lamp only. This arm c, c, must be bent to a radius struck from the
centre of gravity of the shade &c., which in this case may well be the light itself.
The arm engages with and hangs upon any suitable cross-piece B, arranged at the end
of the "fixed supporti
"which must carry the "swivel." See elevation fig. 12 and
plan 13.
In another case, where the lamp is suspended direct, the "stirrup" may be dispensed
with, and the shade may rest loose on the top of the lamp-holder by means of a curved
support (which may well form a part of the shade) struck with a radius from the
centre of gravity of the shade. This curved support inust have a slot to allow the
lamp suspender to pass through it, and the shade must, if required, have a slot wide
enough to clear the lamp top &c. By this plan the shade is inclined without the
lamp itself being moved in any way on its "fixed support." As the shade can swing
round no further "swivel" is requisite in this case (absolutely.) By the various
means described the light may be thrown in almost every direction and that with
great facility.
When the lamp head moves with the shade connection is easily maintained by means
of the ordinary twin flexible wire as shown at E, fig. 1 &c. Or the wires themselves
may form a part of, or be carried down, a "stirrup" and return through, or near to,
trunnion" inside or outside the shade, to and from the lamp. The "stirrup
may be inverted and supported from below, as in a reading lamp, in which case the
"stirrup" and "bearer " may be inside the shade, see fig. 16.
a
13
وو
Or the "stirrup" may be horizontal to suit the fixtures to which it is attached and
on which the "swivel" is mounted, see plan view fig. 17, which shows a stirrup
standing out from a wall. Either the " stirrup," or 'bearer," or both, may be, in
some cases either inside or outside the shade as most convenient. Or "trunnions"
may be inside or out to suit a corresponding connection.
"
93
A " "bearer may have three or four arms to suit the double flexible "stirrup
previously described and it may be made in one piece for attaching to the lamp-head
fittings, see plan view fig. 18.

page_text: The term "fixed support" is descriptivo only as it is intended to include hanging
and every class of supports.
"
The words "horizontal" and "vertical are also used in the same way as every
position can be utilized and modifications could be made which would render these
terms incorrect in their strict meaning.
The
When I speak of the attachments at the head of the lamp I allude principally to
the top of the shade, the shade-carrier, the lamp-holder, and the "bearer."
"Bearer" as before stated may be made by itself, or it may be compounded with
some one or other of such parts as these-whichever may be most convenient for the
spécial case.
A few modifications of "Stirrups" and "Bearers" to suit different styles of lamp
head-attachments could be cheaply and easily made, and they would extend over and
satisfy the requirements of every class of shaded incandescent lamp-and it is to
this phase of my invention that 1 attach most value. I term these "adaptable"
fittings.
I prefer the plans by which the lamp and the shade move together as giving the
most satisfactory results.
In cases in which it might be undesirable to bring the "trunnions" down to the
centre of gravity suitable friction pieces, or screws or clamps, may of course be
introduced. Possibly in or ordinary cases they will do more good than harm-see
fig. 19.
A simple "swivel for a cord (wire) suspended lamp is shown in fig. 6. I take
any adjustable gripping box, suitable for varying the position on such a cord, and at
its foot arrange a projecting flange W. On this flange rides my annular ring which
forms the central portion of my "stirrup." This simple arrangement auswers all
purposes.
Another mode, admitting of greater rapidity of change on the cord is shown in
fig. 11. Here a knee-joint friction bend is combined with my swivelling "stirrup."
Of course the knee-joint has to be bent into the line of least resistance when the
position of the cord (wire) is to be varied.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is;
:
1. The mode of slinging and supporting Electric lamp shades on two axes, in
different planes, at right angles to one another, for the purpose of reflecting the light
in.any desired direction; which mode is shown carried into effect in & by the appliances
described herein and shown on the drawings.
2. The combination of parts forming the various appliances for suspending and
moving electric-lamp shades, substantially as described and shown.
3. The combination of the "Stirrup" and its "Swivel" used for forming a part
of my movable electric-lamp shade, substantially as described and shown.
4. The combination of the "Bearer" affixed to, or nipped between, the lamp-head
attachments, for forming part of my movable electric-lamp shade, substantially as
described and shown.
5. The combination of the knee-joint friction-bend and my "swivelling stirrup,"
as shown in fig. 11, for-forming part of the adjustable and movable electric-lamp
shade, substantially as described and shown.
Dated this 26th day of June 1888
WM.
SNOWDON,
Agent for the Applicant.