IMPROVEMENTS IN PROCESSES FOR BLEACHING OZOKERIT AND OTHER SOLID HYDRO-CARBONS AND FOR RENDERING THEM AVAILABLE AS SUBSTITUTES FOR WAX
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT, to John Imray of N° 28 Southampton Buildings Chancery
Lane in the County of Middlesex for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PROCESSES FOR BLEACHING OZOKERIT AND OTHER SOLID HYDRO-CARBONS AND
FOR RENDERING THEM AVAILABLE AS SUBSTITUTES FOR WAX" communicated
to him from abroad by Jean Charles Octave Chemin of Paris in the Republic
of France
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Imray at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th July 1883.
JOHN IMRAY of N° 28 Southampton Buildings Chancery Lane in the County of.
Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROCESSES FOR BLEACHING OZOKERIT AND OTHER
SOLID HYDRO-CARBONS, AND FOR RENDERING THEM AVAILABLE AS SUBSTITUTES
FOR WAX [communicated to him from abroad by Jean Charles Octave Chemin
of Paris in the Republic of France]
Ozokerit in a crude state or when more or less bleached tends to have its color
deepened when it is heated above its point of fusion. To facilitate subsequent
bleaching, crude ozokerit is, according to this invention, first melted in water kept
at a temperature of 70° C., and the earthy and other solid impurities being allowed
to settle, the melted matter is decanted and solidifies in a condition fitted to be
treated by the following operations. First, it is melted by superheated steam, and
from 5 to 15 per cent of flower of sulphur being added, the material is distilled.
The distillation which is not fractional, gives a product yellow homogeneous, without
fluorescence or dichroism. This being slowly cooled crystallises, the product being
from 92 to 95 per cent of the total quantity treated. The second operation may
be conducted in either of two ways; either, by subjecting cakes of the distillate to
pressure, the plates of the press being kept at a temperature of 35° to 50° C.; thus
expressing the oils and hydrocarbons fusible at low temperatures; or, by reducing
the distillate to powder and subjecting it to a shower of water at a temperature
of 45° to 60°, C, so as to wash away the oils and fusible hydrocarbons: The third
PA1

page_text: operation consists in melting the product of the second at 60° or 70° C. and mixing
intimately with it about 20 per cent of anylic alcohol, then casting the whole into
moulds. The cakes after being subjected to pressure are melted and digested for
about 4 hours in agitation with animal charcoal, and the liquid is filtered through
animal charcoal. The product on cooling is white, hard and sonorous. The liquids
resulting from the third operation are distilled so as to recover the solvents, and
the residue is mixed with the crude material to be subsequently treated. From
20 to 30 parts of residue from treatment of petroleum and naphtha may be mixed
with 70 to 80 parts of crude ozokerit. A similar treatment is applicable to solid
_hydrocarbons generally, such as residues from petroleum, naphtha, pitch and tar,
schist oils and the like. It is generally advantageous in the first place to separate
the solid matters by the filter press
When ozokerit is treated with sulphur, the products can be made available as
substitutes for wax, by adding to melted ozokerit flowers of sulphur and various
proportions of resin, or wax, according to the purpose for which the material is
intended.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Imray in the Patent Office on the 10th January 1884.
JOHN IMRAY of No. 28 Southampton Buildings Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESSES FOR BLEACHING OZOKERIT AND
OTHER SOLID HYDROCARBONS AND FOR RENDERING THEM AVAILABLE AS SUB-
STITUTES FOR WAX A communication to me from Abroad by Jean Charles
Octave Chemin of Paris in the Republic of France.
Ozokerit in a crude state or when more or less bleached tends to have its color
deepened when it is heated above its point of fusion. To facilitate subsequent
bleaching, crude ozokerit is, according to this invention, first melted in water kept
at a temperature of 70° C., and the earthy and other solid impurities being allowed
to settle, the melted matter is decanted and solidifies in a condition fitted to be
treated by the following operations. First, it is melted by superheated steam, and
from 5 to 15 per cent of flowers of sulphur being added, the material is distilled.
The distillation which is not fractional, gives a product yellow, homogeneous,
without fluorescence or dichroism. This being slowly cooled crystallises, the
product being from 92 to 95 per cent of the total quantity treated. The second
operation may be conducted in either of two ways; either, by subjecting cakes of
the distillate to pressure, the plates of the press being kept at a temperature
of 35° to 50° C., thus expressing the oils and hydrocarbons fusible at low
temperatures; or, by reducing the distillate to powder and subjecting it to a
shower of water at a temperature of 45° to 60° C., so as to wash away the oils
and fusible hydrocarbons. Instead of water, amylic alcohol or other solvent of
hydrocarbon oils may be employed at ordinary temperatures. The third operation
consists in melting the product of the second at 60° or 70° C. and mixing intimately
with it about 20 per cent of amylic alcohol, then casting the whole into moulds.
The cakes, after being subjected to pressure, are melted and digested for about
4 hours in agitation with animal charcoal, and the liquid is filtered through animal
charcoal. The product on cooling amounting to about 80 per cent of the matter
treated, is white, hard and sonorous. The liquids resulting from the third
operation or from the washing by alcoholic solvents are distilled so as to recover
the alcohol and solvents, and the residue is mixed with the crude material to be
subsequently treated. From 20 to 30 parts of residue from treatment of petroleum
and naphtha may be mixed with 70 to 80 parts of crude ozokerit. A similar
treatment is applicable, to solid hydrocarbons generally, such as residues from
petroleum, naphtha, pitch and tar, schist oils and the like. It is generally
advantageous in the first place to separate the solid matters by the filter press.
When ozokerit is treated with sulphur, the products can be made available as
substitutes for wax, by adding to melted ozokerit flowers of sulphur and various
proportions of resin, or wax, according to the purpose for which the material is
intended.
Having thus described the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, I claim :-
First. The process, substantially as herein described, for bleaching ozokerit and
other solid hydrocarbons, that is to say, melting in hot water, distilling with
addition of sulphur, separating by pressure or washing the oily ingredients, casting
with addition of amylic alcohol, and finally pressing the product and digesting and
filtering with animal charcoal.

page_text: Second. The manufacture of substitutes for wax by adding to melted ozokerit
sulphur and other ingredients, substantially as herein described.
In Witness whereof I the said John Imray have hereunto set my hand and seal
this Tenth day of January in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and eighty-four.
JOHN IMRAY (L.S.)