improvements in Looms.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 10th May, 1899-Accepted, 29th July, 1899
improvements in Looms.
I, RUDOLF BECK, of XIX, Billroth Strasse 16, Vienna, Austria, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement:
This invention relates to improvements in looms for weaving cloth of various
kinds and it has for its objects, first, the provision of an improved form of mag-
netic throwing device whereby the shuttle or other means employed for carrying the
weft through the healds is actuated by the attraction of an electro-magnet sup-
ported upon a carriage to which a horizontal reciprocating motion is imparted,
such carriage being supported upon a track located so that the end of the magnet
is beneath the shed. Second, a device for checking the shuttle at the end of its
travel and giving it an impulse at the commencement of its return movement.
Third, an improved means for imparting to the said magnet carriage the necessary
motion transversely of the warp whereby the parts constituting the said mechan-
ism may be much lighter in weight, allowing a lighter form of batten to be
employed than has heretofore been permissible when constructing looms for the
production of extra wide material. Fourth, the employment of a device to replace
the shuttle usually employed by means of which the weft is transported across
the warp by the magnet aforesaid enabling the warp to be drawn from bobbins
or the like supported upon the frame of the loom, by which means a much greater
quantity of the material constituting the weft can be employed than when the
said material is carried within the shuttle. Fifth, a device for adjusting the weft
so that the weft layer (as prefer to term it) upon the commencement of its
movement across the warp shall engage therewith and draw same along with it,
at the same time leaving sufficient tension upon the weft to ensure its being
properly and regularly laid, and finally, the provision of a means for forming a
selvage to the material.
: -
In order that this invention may be the better understood, I will proceed to
describe the same with reference to the drawings hereto appended in which:-
Fig. 1, is a front elevational view of a loom embodying my improvements.
Fig. 2, is an end view part of the frame being broken away to show the tension
mechanism for the weft.
Fig. 3, is a side sectional view of the batten and mechanism actuating the
carriage.
Fig. 4, is an enlarged detail view of a clutch for holding the weft layer at the
end of its travel.
Fig. 5, is a plan view of the driving mechanism for the carriage.
Fig. 6, is a plan of the track upon which the magnet carriage travels.
Fig. 7, is an enlarged end view of the loom showing a weft adjustor and ten-
sion device with the spool from which the weft is drawn.
Figs. 8 and 9, are respectively an elevation end plan of the device for holding
the thread at the end of the travel of the weft layer and during the return travel
thereof.

page_text: Fig. 10, is a diagrammatic view illustrating the principle of the method em-
ployed for actuating the magnet carriage.
Fig. 11, is a side view to an enlarged scale of the weft layer.
Referring to the drawings 1, is the frame of the loom which may be of cast
iron or built up in any convenient manner. 2, the breast beam, 3, the cloth beam
provided with any suitable form of take up device, 4, and 5 represents any well
known suitable form of healds actuated in any convenient manner, but as the
same do not form part of the present invention the details thereof are omitted from
the drawings.
6, is the batten constructed as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and to the upper end
of which is attached the frame carrying the reeds 7. The lower ends of the batten
are mounted upon the rock shaft S, for which bearings 9, 10, are formed in the
frame 1. The necessary motion is imparted to the batten by means of the con-
necting rod 11, Fig. 3, which is pivotally attached to the batten at one end and
at the other is secured to the excentric 12, attached to the main shaft 13, upon
which are secured the usual fast and loose driving pullies, the shaft being carried
in suitable bearings 14, 15, formed upon the frame 1. The shaft last mentioned
runs right across the frame transversely of the warp and it has upon its outer
end a pinion 16, in gear with a second larger pinion 16", mounted upon the end
of a second shaft 17, also carried by the frame 1, and running parallel with the
first but situated in a plane lower than the first.
The shaft 17, has secured to it at its opposite end to the pinion 16ª, inside the
frame 1, a disc cam 18, the purpose of which, as will be hereafter explained, is
to actuate the shuttle operating mechanism.
At the upper ends of the battens attached to the swords and running across
the loom is a circular bar or rod 18" supported at cach end by a suitable bracket 19,
cast integral with or secured in any other manner to the upper ends of the said
batten and which bar forms a track for a carriage 20, provided with suitable
wheels or rollers located in slots formed within the lower member of the carriage
running upon the said bar and having at its ends suitable hooks or other devices
for the attachment thereto of a cord or the like 21, by means of which the carriage
is drawn backwards and forwards. The lower member of the carriage may be of
soft iron and has formed in it suitable holes for the reception of the ends of a
number of vertical cores 22, also of soft iron and which cores being wound with
suitable wire, will upon the passage of an electric current through the wire, be-
come energised. The upper ends of the cores are secured, to a block or bar 23,
of brass or other non-magnetic material, the ends of the cores passing there-
through and being flush with the upper surface of the said block. The cores may
be secured to the lower and upper bars of the carriage by rivetting the ends there-
of which may be either square or round in section. The ends of the said members
may be bevelled or rounded off as shown in Fig. 1, at 24. Referring to Fig. 3,
it will be seen that the brackets 19, aforesaid have formed upon them an upwardly
extending piece 25, at the upper end of which is formed the plate 26, of brass,
which plate in conjunction with the plate 27, also of brass or other non-magnetic
material, extends from side to side of the loom and constitute the race upon which
travels the shuttle (when an ordinary shuttle is employed) or the weft laying
device as I prefer to term it. The two bars also form a guide for the magnet the
upper bar of which is located in the gap between the said bars, the ends of the
poles being flush with the surface thereof. The weft laying device 27" consists
of a plate of soft iron shaped as shown by the drawings in Figs. 1, 3, 4, and 11,
and provided with wheels or rollers 28, which rollers run upon the race.
weft laying device upon that side next the reeds 7, (Figs. 1 and 3) is provided
with a fillet 29, of wood or other non-conducting material which serves to guide
the shuttle along the reeds. At both ends of the shuttle race are clutches 30, 30,
the limbs of which are pivotally secured to the rod 31; in such a manner that the
The

page_text: clutch may slide backwards and forwards upon the said rod. The clutch as shown
in Fig. 4, consists of two parts pivotally connected as aforesaid by the rods 31,
the rods themselves being supported between the swords of the batten and the
plates 32, in Fig. 1, to which are also secured the ends of the rod 18", upon which
the magnet carriage travels. The closing of the jaws of the clutch is effected by
the spring 33, upon the pins 34, which spring always tends to press the lower
parts of the jaws outwards thereby closing the upper. The travel of the clutch
upon the rod 31, is effected by the carriage 20, upon the side of the upper beam
of which 23, are formed on each side three tappets or projections 35, 36, 37,
Fig. 6, the centre tappet 36, projecting somewhat beyond the other two. As soon
as the carriage issues from beneath the shed the wider tappet 36, strikes against
the sides of the clutch pushing it forward, the parts 38, 39, of the clutch being
then engaged with the edges of the bars 26, 27, forming the race, see Figs. 4
and 6, keeping the upper portion or jaw of the clutch open. Upon the continued
forward movement of the clutch, the parts 38, 39, reaching the point 40, where the
bars are cut away or gapped as shown in Fig. 6, the jaws of the clutch under the
action of the spring 33 close and grasp the weft layer and carry it with the clutch
until the parts 38, 39, again come into contact with the edges of the plates when
the jaws are again opened and the shuttle carried forward by its own inertia and
magnetic attraction until arrested by the buffer 41, secured to the vertical exten-
sion 42, of the plate 32.
The positions of the carriage and clutch are shown by dotted lines in Fig. 6,
indicating the position of the clutch as the carriage emerges from beneath the
sheds and a', the clutch closing upon the weft layer and a, shows the clutch again
open and the carriage ready for the return movement.
After
When the carriage has completed its travel, the beat of the batten takes place
and whilst this is taking place the carriage is practically at a standstill.
the completed movement of the batten the return movement of the magnet car-
rage commences and the narrower tappets upon the magnet engaging with the
clutch carry it forward until it is again opened by the bars 26, 27, releasing the
weft layer which is then free and under the action of the magnet is drawn across
the loom.
The cord or the like 21, which is fastened to the carriage passes over a suitable
guide pulley or sheave 43 supported by a suitable bracket 44 cast integral with
or secured in any suitable manner to the plate 32, see Fig. 1, and then partly
around sheaves or pulley 45, carried by the batten after which it is led around
the larger diameter of the double sheave or pulley 46 adjustably supported by the
batten in which a suitable slot 47, is formed for the reception of the spindle 48,
of the said sheave or pulley 46. The cord is next led under and partly around
the sheave 49, which sheave is carried by a vertical arm or projection 50 formed
apon the boss 51, and which boss is supported by and free to slide backwards and
forwards on shaft 8. The movement of the boss 51, is effected by means of the
connecting rod 52, one end of which is pivotally secured to the boss and the other
is attached to the lower end of the bell crank lever 53, which lever is pivotted
at 54 to the vertical. bracket or support 55. The opposite end of the lever 53, is
provided with a roller 50, held by means of the spring 57, in contact with the
periphery of the cam 18, which is secured to the shaft 17 aforesaid. The cord 21,
after leaving the sheave 49, is led to the sheave 46, around the smaller diameter
of which it now passes and from thenee across the batten to the opposite side
where it passes underneath and partly around the sheave 59, which sheave is
similar in construction to the sheave 46, from thence to the sheave 49, back to
the sheave 59, around the larger diameter of which it is led and then by the guide
pullies 60 and 61, to the carriage to which it is attached. The general arrange-
ment of the various parts above enumerated is shown in Figs. 1, 3, 5 and 10 in
which latter figure is shown a diagram of the runs of the cord 21. From the
foregoing description it will be evident that a slight movement of the pulley or

page_text: sheave 49, will be multiplied by the various pullies around which the rope is
passed, after the manner of a block and tackle lifting device, the power in this
instance being applied to the sheave 49, which represents the weight to be lifted..
At each side of the loom is located a device for arranging the weft so that it
is in a position to be engaged by the weft laying device and which device consists
of a vertically reciprocating rod 62, passing through a suitable guide 63, cast or
otherwise secured to the frame of the loom. The rod 62, (Fig. 7) has at its upper
end an eye 64, through which the weft is led (the end being tied to the warp at
the commencement of the weaving operation) and is drawn from the bobbin 65,
supported by the frame 1, in any suitable position.
The lower end of the rod 62, terminates in a head 66, which bears upon the
periphery of a cam 67, secured to a shaft driven from shaft 13, and which cam
upon the revolution of the said shaft will raise the rod 62, the rod being in its
lowest position when the weft layer is at that side of the loom when the weft is
in such a position as to allow of its engagement with the respective hooks at the
ends of the weft layer. A tension device is also provided to ensure the proper
and regular laying of the weft which device is illustrated in Fig. 7, and consists
of two arms 68, 69 shaped as shown and provided at their upper ends with eyes 70
71, through which the weft passes on its way to the weft arranging device last
referred to. Between the arms 68, 69, is suspended upon the weft a weight 72,
a recess being formed in the frame underneath it to allow of its free vertical move-
ment when taking up the slack of the weft. It will be understood that where
a number of different coloured wefts are to be employed, a separate tension and
weft arranging device will be employed for each one, these being actuated by
separate cams.
In Figs. 8 and 9 is illustrated a device for forming a selvage to the woven
material and for detaching the weft thread from the hook of the shuttle holding
it fast during the beat of the batten and releasing it as will be hereafter described
when the next "pick" is made from the same side. The device consists of an
arm 73, having at its outer end a pin 74, projecting vertically upwards. The
arm 73, is supported in a socket 75, formed at the
upper end of a
sleeve 76, the sleeve being supported upon a pin 77 carried by the
bracket 78, cast upon or otherwise secured to the frame 1, see Fig. 2.
The arm 73, acts against a spring or weight 79, the tension of which is just
sufficient to overcome the friction of the said arm within the socket. A its lower
end the pin 77 has formed upon it a collar 80, which collar rests upon the peri-
phery of a cam 81, secured to a shaft 82, driven from the shaft 13, by suitable
gearing so that upon the rotation of the shaft 82, the arm 73 will be caused to
rise and fall alternately engaging with and releasing the loop of and holding the
weft as soon as the weft layer reaches the end of its travel. On the sleeve 76 is
a horizontal projection 83, with which engages a nose piece 84, upon the disc 85,
causing the arm 73 to swing in a horizontal direction. The combined action of
these parts is as follows:-The pin 74, rises when the weft layer reaches the end
of its travel and engages with the loop of the weft thread and lifts the same
clear of the weft layer. During the subsequent beat of the batten the arm 73,
is caused to rotate through an arc of a circle, the spring 79 or other means per-
mitting it to be drawn out for this purpose so as to follow the movement of the
batten. The next pick now takes place and the arm 73 with its pin is lowered
the pin disengaging from the loop of the weft allowing the arm to be turned back
until in a position to again engage with the newly laid weft loop, when the cycle
of operations is again repeated. The last described mechanism is duplicated upon
both sides of the loom.
The action of the loom is as follows:-
Motion being imparted to the shaft 13, is transmitted to the wheel 16, by the
wheel 16, secured to the end of said shaft, thereby causing the cam 18b, upon the
shaft 17, to rotate and impart, by means of the lever 53, a reciprocatory motion

page_text: ab
to the sheave or pulley 49, from whence it is transmitted by the cord 21, arranged
as aforesaid in such a manner that a short movement of the sheave 49, will be
multiplied by the system employed, and the weft layer 27, caused to travel from
side to side of the loom between the sheds. The weft layer upon reaching the side
of the loom is seized by one of the clutches 30, the clutch being opened for the
purpose of grasping the weft layer by the tappet 36, which comes into contact with
the side of the clutch and pushes it along with it, the jaws of the clutch being
held open by the parts 38, 39; of the said clutch which rest against the edges of
the bars 26, 27. When the clutch reaches the gapped portion 40, of the bars afore-
said, the clutch closes sufficiently to grasp the weft layer which hitherto has been
moving in unison with it and carry same along until the clutch is slightly opened
by the bars 26, 27, which are of sufficient width to operate the clutch so as to
release the weft layer which thereon completes its travel by its own momentum
until arrested by the buffer 41. The magnet may be energised in any suitable
manner as aforesaid, but I prefer to energise it by means of the bars 26, 27, from
which the electric current may be taken by suitable collectors attached to the top
bar of the magnet and bearing against the said bars which are preferably insu-
lated at the points a bed and connected as indicated, the outer most portion at
either end being a non-conductor inasmuch as it is not in electrical contact, and,
therefore, the magnet during its passage between the said bars at this point is not
energised. It will be seen that the polarity of the parts between the points a
and cd is reversed thereby changing the poles of the magnet, the magnetic lag
due to such change tending to help to bring the weft layer to rest. The weft,
which is carried upon the frame of the loom on each side thereof is led from the
bobbin through the tension device to the weft adjustor through the eye 64, and
thence to the material as shown in Fig. 7, in which view the weft is shown raised
in its highest position so as to be clear of the weft laying device and is held thus
by the cam 67, whilst the weft layer is at the opposite side of the loom. A pick
is made alternately from each side of the loom, that is to say, the thread is drawn
double through the shed and held whilst the weft layer engages with the weft
upon the same side of the loom and returns with it, this operation being continu-
ally repeated. When the weft layer reaches the side of the loom the arm 73,
bearing the pin 74, engages with the loop of the weft and lifts it clear of the weft
layer which thereon continues its travel as aforesaid, leaving the weft held by the
said pin. The beat of the batten follows the completion of the laving of the weft
and the pin 74, being still engaged with the loop of the weft follows the motion
of the batten and remains in the loop until the healds have been changed, the pin
being withdrawn at the next pick which is made from the same side, and returned
to its original position, the spring 19 drawing the arm 73, back into the sleeve 75,
and the nose piece or projection 84, engaging with the horizontal projection 83.
swinging it back to its original position with regard to the weft. Although I have
described the loom as operating with a weft laving device it is obvious that a
shuttle may be used for laying the weft and such shuttle may be drawn through
the shed by magnetic attraction, the magnet being actuated in the same manner
as described in conjunction with the weft layer.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. In a loom a reciprocating carriage carrying an electro magnet energised from
any suitable source and so arranged that the poles of the magnet are in a position
when the carriage is travelling to attract and carry with it a shuttle or weft lay-
ing device the magnet being supported upon a suitable track and arranged so that
the upper poles of the said magnet are beneath the shed.
2. In a loom in which the shuttle or weft laying device is arranged and opera-
ted in the manner referred to in the preceding claim, a clutch operated by the car-
riage and adapted to seize the shuttle or other device employed for laying the

page_text: weft upon its reaching the end of the shed substantially as herein described and
shown.
3. In a loom of the kind herein described the employment of the principle of
a block and tackle for imparting motion to the magnet carriage, substantially
as herein described and illustrated by the appended drawings.
4. In a loom as herein described a weft adjusting and tensioning device acting
in conjunction with the weft layer operating and constructed substantially as
herein set forth and shown by the appended drawings.
5. In a loom the employment of the device for engaging with and holding the
loop of the weft during the beat of the batten, substantially as herein described
and illustrated by the appended drawings.
6. For use in conjunction with a reciprocating magnet a weft laying device con-
structed and acting substantially as herein described and shown by the appended
drawings.
7. The combination and arrangement of the several devices enumerated in the
preceding claims constructed as and for the purposes herein set forth and shown
by the accompanying drawings.