IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELASTIC ROLLERS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Joseph William Parnacott, of Leeds, in
the County of York, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELASTIC ROLLERS."
Sealed the 21st July 1868 and dated the 25th January 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Joseph
William Parnacott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with his Petition, on the 25th January 1868.
I, EDWARD JOSEPH WILLIAM PARNACOTT, of Leeds, in the County
of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELASTIC ROLLERS," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce rollers with an elastic
periphery and capable of being used in bot
of being used in hot or cold water without
softening. This class of rollers is commonly used in wet spinning,
and also for the purpose of wringing yarns and fabrics, but owing
to the low temperature at which the rollers as hitherto made are
Price 8d.]

page_text: affected a rapid deterioration of the same occurs, the passing fibres
cutting away the surface of the rollers, or where this does not
occur the yielding surface does not ensure a satisfactory action. It
is to produce an economy in this respect and to ensure the better
action or bite of the rollers that this Invention is designed. In
order to produce rollers of sufficient elasticity to suit the wants, say,
of the flax or worsted spiuner, and yet capable of resisting the heat
to which they may be exposed, I form a compound of oxidised oil,
litharge, or other dryer, chalks (ground), or other like earthy matter,
and a glue or cement composed of bisulphuret of carbon and gutta
percha. This mixture I submit to the action of a pug mill, and
after removing the plastic mass I submit it to a heavy rolling and
crushing mill. The material thus treated to bring it to a uniform
consistency is ready to be moulded into the required form, and when
moulded I submit it to hydraulic pressure to consolidate the mass.
The moulded and pressed article I now remove from the mould and
place it in a heated oven, retaining it there for a sufficient time to
give it the degree of hardness required. To prevent the warping of
the rollers under the action of the heat they are to be clamped in
moulds before being placed in the oven. I am also enabled to obtain
a good result by the use of wood in place of the earthy matter
constituting the principal material of the roller.
Thus I propose
to take English poplar or other like soft grained wood and to cut
it up into veneers, and having reduced these to a convenient size to
pile the veneers together with the grain crossing at different angles,
interposing between the layers a coating of the glue or cement
above mentioned, and then while the cement is yet moist apply
pressure to squeeze out the superfluous quantity, and when the
mass is dry I convert it into a roller by turning and finishing it in
a lathe.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Edward Joseph William Parnacott in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 23rd July 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
JOSEPH WILLIAM PARNACOTT, of Leeds, in the County of York,
Engineer, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Edward Joseph William Parnacott,
Her special licence that I, the said Edward Joseph William Parnacott,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Edward Joseph William Parnacott, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time, and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might, make, use, excrcise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF ELASTIC ROLLERS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Edward Joseph William Parnacott, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the saine to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Joseph William Parnacott,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to say) :-
:-
The object of this Invention is to produce rollers with an elastic
periphery and capable of being used in hot or cold water without
softening. Rollers of this class are commonly used in wet spinning,
and also for the purpose of wringing yarns and fabrics, but owing to
the low temperature at which the rollers as hitherto made are affected
a rapid deterioration of the same occurs, the passing fibres cutting
away the surface of the rollers, or where this does not occur the yielding
surface does not ensure a satisfactory action. It is to produce an
economy in this respect and to ensure the better action or bite of the
ollers that this Invention is designed. In order to produce rollers of
sufficient elasticity to suit the wants, say, of the flax or worsted spinner
and yet capable of resisting the heat to which they may be exposed, I
orm a compound of oxidized oil (obtained in the well-known manner)

page_text: litharge, or other dryer, chalk finely ground, or other like earthy matter
suitably prepared by the removal of all cutting particles therefrom, and
a glue or cement composed of bisulphide of carbon and gutta percha
adhering as near as may be to the following proportions, viz., oxidized
oil, three parts (by weight); litharge, three parts, ground chalk or other
earthy matter, eight parts; bisulphide of carbon, twelve parts, in which
two parts of gutta percha have been previously dissolved. This mixture
I submit to the action of a pug mill, and after removing the plastic
mass I submit it to a heavy rolling and crushing mill to bring it to a
uniform consistency. The material thus treated is ready to be moulded
into the required form, which operation I effect by the use of cast-iron
moulds so constructed as to sustain a severe internal pressure and to
facilitate the delivery of the moulded and pressed article. When the
mould is filled with the plastic substance I submit it to hydraulic
pressure to consolidate the mass. As a guide to the amount of pressure
that may be required I would remark that in moulding rollers of, say,
four inches in diameter used in spiuning machinery I find that a
pressure of twenty-two tons or thereabouts will suffice. The moulded
and pressed article I now transfer from the compressing mould to a
clamping mould previous to placing it in an oven heated to a tempera-
ture of, say, three hundred degrees Fahrenheit, which temperature
varies slightly according to the quality of the compound and of the
temper or amount of elasticity the roller is required to receive. The
moulded roller is kept exposed to this heat for a sufficient time to give
it the degree of hardness and elasticity required. It is to prevent the
warping of the rollers under the action of the heat that they are to be
clamped in moulds, as above mentioned, before being placed in the
oven. I am also enabled to obtain a good result by the use of wood
in place of the earthy matter constituting the principal material of the
roller. Thus propose to take English poplar or other like soft grained
wood and to cut it up into veneers, and having reduced these to a
convenient size to pile the veneers together with the grain crossing at
different angles, interposing between the layers a coating of glue or
cement composed as above mentioned of gutta percha dissolved in
bisulphide of carbon. While the cement is yet moist I apply pressure
to squeeze out the superflucus quantity of cement, and when the mass
is dry I convert it by turning and finishing it in a lathe into rollers
suitable for wringing machines or for use in the processes of preparing
and spinning fibrous substances.

page_text: By a slight modification of the above-described compound I am
enabled to produce rollers of a harder or less elastic character. Thus to
decrease the elasticity of the moulded article I add to the compound
bitumen in the proportion, say, of one part by weight to sixteen parts
of the compound, and in heating the moulded compound in the
oven I subject it to a somewhat increased temperature, it being
understood that an increase of the temperature within reasonable
limits, say to three hundred degrees Fahrenheit, tends to reduce the
elasticity.
Having now explained the nature of my Invention, and the manner
of carrying it into effect, I wish it to be understood that I claim, forming
rollers which shall be unaffected by water and moderate temperatures in
the manner above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Joseph William Parnacott,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, the 20th day of July, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
eight.
0 Witness,
JOHN STIRK,
Engineer,
No. 5, Flockton Street,
Leeds.
E. J. W. PARNACOTT. (L.s.)
Leeds.