IMPROVE- MENTS IN CHURNS
Year: 1885

page_text: We, FRANKLIN TOMPKINS MORRELLE, of 1229 Mission Street, in the City and
County of San Francisco, and State of California, United States of America, Manu-
facturer, JOHN HOOPER REDSTONE, of 1509 Market Street, San Francisco, California,
United States of America, Lawyer, and JOHN ANDREW OBERMÜLLER, of Haywards,
in the County of Alameda, State of California, United States of America, Machinist
and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of our invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CHURNS" and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
Our invention relates to improvements in churns, and consists in a 'certain device
and combination of devices for thoroughly atomizing the milk and bringing it in
contact with the air in that finely divided state as to insure instant separation of
the butter from the other constituent parts of the milk.
Fig. 1 is a plan view of our improved churn.
Fig. 2 a side elevation.
Fig. 3 a sectional view cut vertically through the dotted line, a - - a.
Fig. 4 a sectional view cut horizontally through the dotted line b
Fig. 5 a perspective view of the air retainer and milk atomizer.
.b.
Fig. 6 a perspective view of the revolving cylinder and air cup arms.C.
The following is the construction of our improved churn-We generally form
the body of the churn A of wood and line some of them with sheet metal. Aid
we construct some of them wholly of metal or other suitable material.
We construct the cylinder B to which the air cup arms C are attached of sheet
tin or other thin metal, although other material may be employed as its office is
simply to revolve the air cup arms. We form the air cup arms C of sheet metal
and arrange them upon the cylinder B so that when they are brought down to the
surface, of the milk, they are full of air which as the cylinder is revolved, is carried
under the. milk as will be shown. In placing the cylinder B in the churn, the
journal D is placed in the step or journal box E. The other other end of the
cylinder B is then brought down until the square socket F is adjacent to the
opening G through which the spindle of the pinion H is then placed with
the square end of the same, marked I, in the socket F thus forming a suitable
connection for revolving the cylinder B when the pinion H is revolved, which is
effected by the main driving spur wheel J.
The air retainer and milk atomizer, we generally construct of wood, although we
do not confine ourselves to that material.
We form the channels or slots M to allow the arms C to pass through them as
they revolve, but so closely as to almost touch the sides and bottoms of the same.

page_text: The following is the operation of our improved churn. When the same is
operated to its fullest capacity for rapid work, we fill the churn a little above the
centre of the cylinder and revolve the arms C forward in the direction of the
arrows. The arms carry the air down under the milk and as soon as that portion
of the arm nearest-the-cylinder begins to move against the milk, it throws it
forward toward the outer end of the same, forcing the air to move in that direction
and as soon as the arms C.enter. the channels M, the channels M retain the air
to some extent but as the arms C pass down, the centrifugal force increases and
the air is forced down to the very bottom and thoroughly mixed with the milk
and forced over the whole of the bottom of the churn.
The air arrester and milk atomizer L prevents the milk from being revolved with
the arms as striking at the sides of the arms, the milk is thoroughly agitated and
mixed with whatever airiescapes from the arms or cups C, before entering the
channels M. The angular position of the inner part of the arm forcing the milk
outward, creates a suction drawing from under the cylinder and produces a strong
current which strikes against the air arrester and milk atomizer L and is thrown
up meeting the next row of arms as they descend; and it also prevents the milk
from being carried up as the arms rise upon the opposite side. The air supply
tubes O are designed to regulate the temperature of the milk as follows:-When
the temperature is too high, they are left open and air, is admitted freely, until it is
- reduced as,required, provided the temperature of the atmosphere is not too high to
produce the effect desired. When the temperature of the atmosphere is above
that required for churning, the milk must be cooled as would be required for other
churns, in order to produce the best results.
نه
An important feature of our, invention, is the form and position, of the arms C.
The part next to the cylinder being set at an angle to throw the milk out from the
centre, starts the current of milk outward, thus drawing from the opposite side of
the cylinder, and as the outer end of the arms C, being curved down, forms a
reverse angle, and striking the milk with a greater velocity than that of the inner
part sets a counter current; but the sides of the arins C; being, confined by the air
arrester and milk atomizer L, prevents an instantaneous escape of the air and the
centrifugal force generated by the rapid revolutions of the arms C, forces the whole
down to the bottom of the churn and mixes it thoroughly with the milk. The
arms C are emptied as soon as they rise above the surface of the milk and are
again filled with air. Thus as each arm is revolved, a portion of air is carried
down and tlioroughly mixed with the milk.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention; and in what manner the same is to be, performed, we declare that what
we claim is
In churns-
1. The revolving cylinder B with. the reverse curved arms C, for the purpose of
effecting counter currents as described, in combination with the air retainer and
milk atomizer L for the purpose of retaining. the air and thoroughly mixing the
same, constructed and operated substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
2. The cylinder B, in combination with the reverse curved arms C, for the
purpose of producing counter currents as described, constructed and operated
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.