A New or Improved Soap.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Feb., 1896-Accepted, 4th Apr., 1896
A New or Improved Soap.
I, JULIUS STOCKHAUSEN of 105 Fischelnerstrasse, Crefeld in the Kingdom of
Prussia and German Empire, Soap Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
his invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to a new or improved soap which possesses considerable
advantages when used in the preparation of textile fibres, in dyeing processes, and
the like. Among these advantages are the facts that the soap dissolves freely, even
in hard water; that with a relatively small addition of the soap, the bath when
a bath has become
heated, becomes clear within a few minutes; that when
decomposed it may be renewed by the addition of a small quantity of the soap;
that the addition to a bath of some of the soap removes impurities caused by
sebacic acid; and that a bath prepared by using the new or improved soap will
keep clear from the beginning to the end of its use. Further, the employment of
the soap which has already been used in treating raw silk, in silk dyeing, may be
substituted by this new or improved soap, and in all dyeing processes in which
more expensive soap is now used, it may be employed with the advantage that the
baths will not become decomposed. The new or improved soap also fixes the
colours clearly and intensely upon textile fabrics and yarns, which is particularly
advantageous in the black dyeing of silk. Its use particularly with silk, does not
in any sense deteriorate the nature of the fibres, but on the contrary, increases its
volume and flexibility.
In carrying out my invention, I first sulphonate the fats, oils, sebacic acid, oleic
acid or the like, by means of sulphuric acid as is well understood, or treat them
with sulphonic acid, the sulphonation being preferred. Any excess of acid is
thereafter removed, and then, the resulting mass is saponified by means ordinarily
employed by soap-makers, as for example by caustic soda or potash lye, producing
an acid gelatinous soap which may be used in bleaching, dyeing, printing and for
other purposes.
The separation of any excess of acid may be best effected by neutralising it and
by crystallising out the sulphate, or by the separation, as is well understood, of
the sulphonated fats or the like, by means of common salt.
The gelatinous acid soap may be transformed into a neutral or into a basic
soap, according to the use it is intended for, by the proportional addition of
alkalies.
As an example, the process may be carried out as follows:-
To 100 kilos. of castor oil, or an equivalent quantity of other oil, fats, or oleic
acid, there are added 30 kilos. of sulphuric acid, about 66° Be., in from 4 to 6
separate portions with an interval of from 1 to 4 hours between each addition, so
that no sulphurous acid is formed. The mixture is kept cool for 1 or 2 days and
is stirred from time to time. Sulphonic acids may be employed in substitution for
the sulphuric acid.
The substance thus obtained may be transformed into the new or improved soap
according to the following process:-
1. To 100 kilos. of the sulphonated oil fat oleic acid or the like, 60 kilos. of
caustic soda lye are added, the lye being as free as possible from carbon dioxide,
and having a strength of abont 36° or 37° Bé. It is added all at once and may be
either hot or cold, but the mixture should be constantly stirred during the addition.

page_text: The mixture is kept from 4 to 8 days until the crystallisation is completed, or the
prepared soap has separated itself from the crystals. An acid soap is thus
obtained which has hitherto been unknown. To neutralise the acid soap,
according to the use intended, a further addition of the before described caustic
lye may be made.
The soap thus obtained forms a gelatinous mass and may be readily diluted with
water for special purposes.
2. Instead of proceeding as last herein before described, I may had to 100 kilos.
of the sulphonated material from 100 to 200 kilos. of solution of common salt having
a strength of about 25° to 30° Bé. for the removal of the free sulphuric acid and
impurities. The solution is stirred in until the removal is effected, and the mixture
is left standing for 1 or more days as may be required. The subjacent solution is
then removed. To 100 kilos. of the resulting substance 39 kilos. of the caustic
soda lye before described is then added with stirring and the mixture is heated to
about 80° or 100° C. to ensure a more complete chemical combination. The soup
so obtained is acid and gelatinous and may be neutralised or rendered basic and
be diluted as before described.
In substitution for the caustic soda lye described as being employed in the
processes, caustic potash, caustic ammonia, carbonate of soda, carbonate of potash,
carbonate of ammonia, alkaline earths, metallic oxides, hydrates or carbonates may
be employed, according to the use destined for the soap, as is well understood.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A new or improved soap manufactured or produced substantially as and for
the purposes herein before described.
2. The hereinbefore described process in the manufacture of a new or improved
soap, which consists in treating suitable saponifiable matters with sulphonic acid,
or preferably with sulphuric acid, and saponifying the resulting mass, substantially
as hereinbefore described.
3. The hereinbefore described process in the manufacture of a new or improved
soap, which consists in treating suitable saponifiable matters with sulphonic acid,
or preferably with sulphuric acid, in separating the so treated matters by means of
common salt, and in saponifying the separated matters, substantially as herein before
described.
4. The hereinbefore described process in the manufacture of a new or improved
soup, which consists in treating suitable saponifiable matters with sulphuric acid,
neutralising and separating out the excess of acid as sulphates, and in saponifying
the separated matters, substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated this 7th day of February A.D. 1896.
W. E. HEYS & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.