IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS OR APPARATUSES POR EXTRACTING OIL FROM SEEDS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, E.C.; Patent Agent, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS OR APPARATUSES POR EXTRACTING OIL FROM SEEDS,
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES."-A communication from abroad by C. S.
Francis, of Calcutta.
Sealed the 8th May 1860, and dated the 10th November 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald
Brooman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 10th November 1859.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E. C., Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS OR APPARATUSES FOR EXTRACTING OIL
PROM SEEDS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," (communicated to me from abroad by
C. S. Francis, of Calcutta,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of metal mortars in combination
with metal pestles for extracting oil from seeds, and in certain arrangements
of machinery by which the said pestles and mortars are operated.
The mortar, which is made by preference of cast iron, is channelled or
grooved on its interior, with a guide collar on its exterior; brackets formed in
the frame of the apparatus take into the collar. Rotary motion is com-
municated to the mortar through a bevil wheel, which is keyed to its lower

page_text: part, and into which a pinion gears on a shaft that carries fast and loose
pulleys, round which a strap passes to the broad belt or main driving pulley.
The iron pestle, which may, if desired, be cast hollow, is formed at its lower
part to correspond with the shape of the mortar, and is connected at its upper
part to a cap linked to an arrangement of weighted levers for giving and
regulating the required pressure; or, instead of these levers springs may be
employed. A hopper is provided for. the introduction of the seed to the mortar
as well as a rake to stir and divide it..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 10th May 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, E.C.,
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said
Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS OR APPARATUSES FOR
EXTRACTING OIL FROM SEEDS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," (a communication from
abroad by C. S. Francis, of Calcutta,) upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and 'cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that. I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto
annexed, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in the employment of metal mortars in combination
with metal pestles for extracting oil from seeds, and in certain arrangements
of machinery by which the said pestles and mortars are operated.
The mortar, which is made by preference of cast iron, is channelled or
grooved on its interior, with a guide collar on its exterior; brackets formed in
the frame of the apparatus take into the collar. Rotary motion is com-
municated to the mortar through a bevil wheel, which is keyed to its lower
part, and into which a pinion gears on a shaft that carries fast and loose
pulleys, round which a strap passes to the broad belt or main driving pulley:
The iron pestle, which may, if desired, be cast hollow, is formed at its lower
part to correspond with the shape of the mortar, and is connected at its upper
part to a cap linked to an arrangement of weighted levers for giving and
regulating the required pressure; or instead of these levers springs may be
employed. A hopper is provided for the introduction of the seed to the mortar,
as well as a rake to stir and divide it.
The accompanying Drawing is a sectional elevation of a mill or apparatus
constructed according to this Invention. A is a cast-iron frame, formed with
a bearing G, through which a shaft G' works, which is supported on its
opposite end by a bearing formed in a pillar or upright D. The shaft G'
carries fast and loose pulleys F, F¹, round which a strap S passes to a pulley V
on a shaft T, which receives motion from a steam engine or other prime
mover. R is a lever for throwing the strap from one pulley to the other; E is
a bevil pinion on the shaft G¹, in gear with a bevil wheel K, which is keyed
to the metal mortar I; this mortar is channeled or grooved on its interior
surface, and is supported by and works through guide collars B, B, at its
upper and lower ends. H, H, are uprights, one only of which is seen in the
Drawing, for supporting the lower collars B, B; M is a hopper, fitted to the
mortar; N is a metal pestle, which is made at its lower end of a shape to
correspond with the form of the mortar, and it may, if desired, be cast hollow.
O is a wooden cap linked to the pestle and to a series of levers L, L, L",
L, L', of which are jointed to a bracket C, while L" connects the levers L
and L'; the long arm of the lever L' carries a weight, and by changing the
weight the pressure on the pestle N is regulated. P is a rake for stirring the

page_text: seed in the hopper M. To extract oil from seeds with this mill, place the seed,
linseed for example, in the hopper M; rotary motion is then communicated to
the mortar through the bevil gearing before described, and as the mortar
revolves the rake stirs the seed, and the pestle presses it against the corrugated
or grooved surface of the mortar, whereby the seed. is crushed and the oil
extracted therefrom. The oil runs off through the bottom of the mortar into
some vessel placed to receive it. In some cases the mortar is fixed, and the
pestle has an up-and-down motion imparted to it.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First, the employment of metal mortars in combination with metal pestles
for extracting oil from seeds, as herein-before described.
Second, the construction of oil mills in the manner herein-before described,
and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of May, One thou-
sand eight hundred and sixty.