AN IMPROVED MODE OF BAKING BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER POTTERY OR EARTHENWARE
Year: 1852

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
BARON PALM, of 16, Castle Street, Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present Majesty Queen Victoria did, by Her Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date the Thirteenth
day of July, in the sixteenth year of Her reign, give and grant unto me,
the said Joseph Baron Palm, Her special licence, that I, the said Joseph
Baron Palm, during the term of years therein expressed, should and law-
fully might use, exercise, and vend, within England and Wales and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "AN IMPROVED MODE
OF BAKING BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER POTTERY OR EARTHENWARE;" in which said
Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said Joseph
Baron Palm, under my hand and seal, to cause a particular description of the
nature of my said Invention, and how the same is to be performed, to be
inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, re-
lation being thereunto had, may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joseph Baron Palm, do hereby declare that the following is a particular
description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, videlicet:-
The first part of my improvements consists in a better distribution or
arrangement of the kiln, by which I obtain a construction of a kiln, by which
a system of baking may be carried on in the same kiln, and with the
application of the same heat common bricks, tiles, pipes, and other coarse

page_text: articles can be baked at the same time with any kind of light and delicate
earthenware or fancy articles, without the necessity of removing or displacing
any of the articles before the baking of the whole be completed.
The second part of my improvements consists of an arrangement or sub-
division of the kiln into compartments so as to facilitate the arrangement and
stacking of the bricks and other articles, and to regulate the heat. This
subdivision affords the advantage that either like or different articles can be
baked in constant succession in the separate compartments, and the heat of
one division communicating with the adjoining one will give a system of
rotation, by which baking can be effected successively in the several divisions
without intermission, in such manner that with the greastest economy of fuel
the same heat which completes the baking in one compartment may be used
for gradually drying and preparing the baking of the wares slacked in the
adjoining compartments, or, if desired, a simultaneous baking in the entire
kiln can be effected.
The third part of my improvements consists of a system of registers to
effect the complete control, regulation, and concentration of the heat in the
kiln, and also to prevent superfluous heat being generated.
A further portion of my improvements consists of the application of tubes,
by means of which, and the application of proper pyrometers, the exact,
intensity of heat will be indicated, and a guide afforded for regulating the
registers.
The patent kiln is divided into two essential and distinct parts, videlicet,
the baking chambers for the coarser and common ware, and what I call the
vapour vaults to be employed more especially for lighter and more delicate
wares.
And in order that the Invention may be more fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me.
The lower part of the patent kiln is divided into several compartments, which
may be constructed either square or round, or other suitable form. It should
be understood that, though the compartments be distinct from each other,
they all communicate by means of registers, which may be closed, or
partially or entirely opened, so as to allow the heat to circulate through the
entire kiln. Each baking chamber has two furnaces with air gratings.
There are three tiers of doors placed at a proper elevation one above another,
for the commencing and continuing the stacking of the ware.
The lowest
door in front of the furnace has a small aperture, which serves to admit fuel
during the baking; all the other doors are closed during that time. In every
baking chamber there are tranverse air channels to regulate and increase the
draught whenever required, and there are also two or more air shafts by

page_text: which to observe accurately the heat and draught in the different parts of
the kiln, and to enable the manager to regulate, moderate, or concentrate the
heat precisely as may be requisite by means of the new and improved
application of registers. In consequence of this control and regulation of
the heat a certainty is obtained that all the bricks and other articles become
perfectly baked without liability of failure. It is preferred that the main
walls of the kiln should be constructed with air chambers, which may be
filled in with loam, sand, or other non-conducting substance, which will serve
at the same time for the better preservation of the walls, and for their
construction with economy. Fire bricks may be used for the interior lining;
the outer wall may be constructed of ordinary bricks, or for economy, instead
of expensive fire bricks, common green or unbaked bricks joined with
loam may be used for lining, leaving some projecting at proper distances to
relieve and sustain the whole mass of stacked bricks. or other articles. The
internal walls or division walls should also be provided with air chambers.
The vapour vaults into which the upper part is divided communicate separately
with one common chimney. In the centre of each vapour vault is a trap
door for completing the stacking of the bricks or other articles in the baking
chambers. A door leads from the surrounding gallery to the vapour vaults;
from this gallery the registers of the vapour vaults may be regulated, as
likewise the air shafts observed, whilst the regulation of all other registers
ought to be brought near the furnaces. The goods may be hoisted to this
gallery by means of an endless chain or otherwise. The chimney is regulated
by means of registers which communicate directly with the vapour vaults and
indirectly with the furnaces below.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself
to the details herein described, so long as the peculiar character of the In-
vention as herein shewn and described be retained; but what I claim is the
mode herein described of constructing or combining the above-described parts
into a liln
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows an elevation of the kiln; Figure 2 is a vertical section;
Figure 3, a plan in section of the lower; and Figure 4, a plan in section of
5 the upper part of the kiln.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Baron Palm, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourth day of December, One thousand eight
hundred and fa
JOSEPH BARON (L.s.) PALM.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Sixth day of December, in the
year of our Lord 1852, the aforesaid Joseph Baron Palm came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Sixth day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-two.