Improvements applicable to Tyres for Wheels.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Feb., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 18th Nov., 1893-Accepted, 17th Feb., 1894
.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements applicable to Tyres for Wheels.
I CHARLES CHALLINER of 15 Plymouth Avenue Longsight Manchester in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
This invention relates to that class of tyres for wheels wherein an elastic cushion
of india rubber or other suitable substance is placed between the wheel and the
outer or working tyre which runs on the road the objects being to lessen concussion
to increase the durability and to give a more flexible cushion to such wheel tyres.
For the purposes of my invention I make the metal tyre (which is fixed on the
felloe of the wheel) of a channel or trough-like section with the upper edges of the
sides turned inwards so that the upper opening is narrower than the base.
The india rubber or other elastic cushion I make with the base of a flat section to
fit inside the metal channel but only about half its depth excepting at the sides,
where the edges are turned up to the full depth of the inside of the metal channel
or tyre.
From the centre of the base rises a ridge of a rectangular section, about one
third the width of the whole tyre, and of such a depth that when the cushion is in
its place about one third of the ridge projects above the metal tyre.
The outer or working tyre is composed of a series of metal plates of a bridge-like
or inverted trough section which lie transversely to the circumference and span
tightly over the central ridge of the cushion and are provided with projections or
feet at the bottom which fit in between the base of the cushion inside the turned up
edge thereof and underneath the turned-in edges of the metal tyre. The breadth
of the plates being somewhat less than the width of the upper opening of the metal
tyre.
A number of these metal bridge-like plates are placed side by side in connection
with a length of cushion and with a blank at each end and are rivetted together
the rivet passing through the ridge of rubber and through the blank ends so as to
form a solid trough shaped flexible segment of convenient length (say, six, nine, or
twelve inches or more) with a projecting rim along each side at the base.
To insert this in the metal tyre one of the side rims is placed under the turned in
edge of the metal tyre the opposite rim resting with its rubber on the top of the
other turned-in edge. The compound segment is then forced sideways compressing
the rubber until the opposite rim can just pass inside the second turned-in edge of
the metal tyre and a slight downward pressure will then force the segment into its
place with both its side rims beneath the turned-in edges of the metal tyre. A
successive number of flexible segments are thus formed and forced into position until
the outer or working tyre is completed all round the wheel, the outer tyre being
thus formed of a number of transverse plates wedged close together with their edges
outwards the appearance being similar to that of an ordinary india rubber tyre.
In a modification of the above I make the rubber cushion with the central ridge
and the base flat without turned up edges, and I form the metal plates so that they
will just fit inside, between the turned-in edges of the metal rim, but instead of
binding a number of them together into a long flexible segment I take one or more
at a time and hold them in a diagonal direction so that their lower projections or
feet will pass into the opening of the metal tyre, and as soon as these have passed
below the turned-in edges I turn them square across so as to bring the projections
or feet beneath the turned-in edges when they will be held firmly.
In another modification I make the metal plates with their sides thinner and spring

page_text: tempered so that they can be forced together to pass them into the opening in the
metal tyre and when released they will spring outwards and clip under the turned-in
edges of the metal tyre. This form is also adapted for protecting pneumatic tyres.
According to another modification specially suited for metal tyres of dovetail
section make the central ridge of the rubber cushion of a dovetail form and the
base thick enough to nearly fill the metal tyre. The metal plates are made internally
to fit the dovetail ridge, but without the projections or feet at the bottom.
A number of these plates are strung endwise onto a convenient length of the india
rubber cushion and are rivetted or wired together so as to form a compound
flexible segment with blank plates at the ends and these are forced into the metal
grooved tyre in the ordinary manner of inserting dovetail india rubber tyres.
In a further modification the bridge-shaped plates are made (say) half an inch
thick and instead of being dovetailed they are fixed on the rubber ridge of the
cushion by rivets passing through the same. These are also made. or built up in
convenient lengths or segments as above last described and forced into position in
the like manner.
In some cases I propose to make the metal grooved tyre with only one edge
turned-in and the other plain. In this case the metal plates can be placed in either
singly or in groups or segments until the groove is filled all round, then clamped in
this position and a metal hoop or ring heated and shrunk over the projections or feet
of the plates on the side where there is no edge turned in. Or, the metal grooved
tyre may be made with one side only and the plates secured in place by means of a
ring or annular plate applied afterwards and fixed on by screws or bolts.
It will be evident that my invention is also applicable in part to trolley wheels
which are made of cast iron in which case one side of the grooved metal tyre is cast
in one piece with the body of the wheel, and the other side is formed by an annular
plate screwed or otherwise fastened on after the cushion and outside tyre have been
put in place. I would also remark that the bridge-like plates which form the
working or outer tyre may be made of steel iron or other metal or of buffalo hide,
horn or other suitable material.
By this construction it will be seen that these plates being held by the undercut
or dovetailed edges of the tyre are not liable to become displaced or wear loose as
their position does not depend upon bolts wires or rivets.
Dated this 18th day of February 1893.
GEO. DAVIES & SON,
4, St. Ann's Square, Manchester, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements applicable to Tyres for Wheels.
I CHARLES CHALLINER of 15 Plymouth Avenue Longsight Manchester in
the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to that class of tyres for wheels wherein an elastic cushion
of india rubber or other suitable substance is placed between the wheel and the
outer or working metallic tyre which runs on the road, the objects being to lessen
concussion, to increase the durability, and to give a more flexible cushion to such
wheel tyres.
The nature of my said invention and the manner in which the same is to be
performed or carried into practical effect will be readily understood on reference
to the sheet of drawings hereunto annexed and the following explanation thereof.
Figs. 1 to 8 inclusive are sectional views illustrating various slight modifications
of my invention as will hereinafter be more particularly described, being all however

page_text: constructed upon the same general principle which is the distinguishing feature of
my invention.
For the purposes of my invention I make the metal tyre a which is fixed on
the felloe b of the wheel (see Fig. 1) of a channel or trough-like section, with the
upper edges of the sides turned inwards so that the upper opening is narrower than
the base thereof.
The india rubber or other elastic cushion c I make with the base of a flat section
and with its edges turned outwards to fit inside the metal channel a but only about
half its depth excepting at one side where the edge is turned up to the full depth
of the inside of the metal tyre a. From the centre of the base rises a solid ridge.
of a rectangular section about one third to one half the width of the whole tyre
and of such a depth that when the cushion is in its place about one third to one
half of this ridge projects above the metal tyre a.
The outer or working tyre is composed of a series of metal plates d (see partial
side view Fig. 1) of a bridge-like or inverted trough section which lie trans-
versely to the circumference and span tightly over the central ridge of the india
rubber or other cushion c and are provided with outward projections or feet at
the bottom which fit in between the base of the cushion c and underneath the
turned-in edges of the said tyre a. The breadth of the plates above the feet being
somewhat less than the width of the upper opening of the metal tyre a.
A number of these bridge-like metal plates d are placed side by side (as shown
at Fig. 1B) in connection with a length of cushion c and with a blank d at each
end, and are rivetted together, the rivet e passing through the solid ridge of
rubber and through the blank ends dx so as to form a solid trough shaped flexible
segment of convenient length (say six, nine, or twelve inches or more) with a
projecting rim along each side at the base.
с
To insert this into the metal tyre a one of the side rims is placed under the
turned-in edge of the metal tyre (as shown at Fig. 2) the opposite rim resting on
the top of the other turned-in edge. The compound segment is then forced side-
ways compressing the rubber c until the opposite rim can just pass inside the second
turned-in edge of the metal tyre a and a slightly downward pressure will then
force the segment into its place with both its side rims beneath the turned-in edges
of the metal tyre a as seen at Fig. 1. A successive number of flexible segments
are thus formed and forced into position until the outer or working tyre is completed
all round the wheel, the outer tyre being thus formed of a number of transverse
plates d wedged close together with their edges outwards, the appearance being
similar to that of an ordinary india rubber tyre.
In a modification shown at Fig. 3 I make the india rubber cushion c with
the central ridge and the base flat, but without any turned-up edge, and I form the
metal plates d so that they will just fit inside between the turned-in edges of the
metal rim or tyre a; but instead of binding a number of them together in a long
flexible segment (as shown at Fig. 1B) I take one or more at a time and hold them
in a diagonal direction (as shown at d¹ on the edge view Fig. 34) and as soon as
the base thereof has passed in below the turned in edges of the metal rim a I turn
them square across so as to bring the projections or feet beneath the turned-in
edges of the metal rim a, when they will be held firmly.
In another modification illustrated by Fig. 41 make the metal plates d with
their sides thinner and spring-tempered so that they can be forced together into
the opening in the metal tyre a, and when released they will spring outwards and
clip under the turned-in edges of the metal tyre a. This form is also adapted for
the protection of pneumatic tyres as shown at Fig. 5.
According to another modification as shown at Fig. 6, the bridge-shaped plutes d
are made say half an inch thick and without the projecting feet at the base, and
they are fixed on the ridge of the rubber cushion c by rivets f passing through the
same. These are also made or built up into convenient lengths or segments as
above described and forced into position in the ordinary manner of inserting dove-
tail india rubber tyres.

page_text: In some cases I propose to make the metal grooved rim or tyre a with only one
edge turned-in and the other plain as shown at Fig. 7.
In this case the metal plates d can be placed in either singly or in groups or
segments until the groove is filled all round, then clamped in this position and a
metal hoop or ring g heated and shrunk over the projections or feet of the said
plates on the side where there is no edge turned-in. Figs. 7 and 7
different methods of shrinking-on one ring and Figs 7 and 7 show two rings
shrunk on.
show
Or, the metal grooved tyre a may be made with one side only as shown at Fig. 8
and the plates d secured in place by means of a flanged ring or annular plate /
applied afterwards and fixed on by screws or bolts i.
It will be evident that this part of my invention is also applicable to trolley
wheels (as shown at Fig. 84) such wheels being made of cast iron, in which case
one side of the grooved metal tyre a is cast in one piece with the body of the
wheel, and the other side is formed by a flanged annular plate bolted or otherwise
fasterfed on after the cushion c and outside tyre d have been put in place. I
would also here remark that the bridge-like plates d which form the working or
outer tyre may be made of steel, iron, or other metal, or of buffalo hide, horn, or
other suitable material.
By this construction it will be seen that these plates being held by the
undercut or dovetailed edges of the grooved metal tyre are not liable to become
displaced or wear loose as their position does not depend upon bolts, wires, or
rivets.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
-
The combination with a grooved metal tyre fixed on the felloe of a wheel (or
cast with the body thereof it metal) of an india rubber or other yielding cushion
provided with a central ridge and projecting edges at the base and a series of
bridge like metal plates provided with outwardly projecting edges or feet at the
base which are held in position by the said outwardly projecting edges or feet
catching beneath the inwardly projecting edges of the metallic grooved rim or
tyre substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the drawings
annexed.
Dated this 17th day of November 1893.
GEO. DAVIES & SON,
4, St. Ann's Square, Manchester, Agents for the Applicant.