Improvements in Chain Mortising Machines.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd May, 1898-Accepted, 16th July, 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Chain Mortising Machines.
I, ROBERT STANLEY BROWN, of 33, Maple Street, in the City of New Britain,
County of Hartford, and State of Connecticut, U.S.A., Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
3 statement:-
My invention relates to improvements in chain mortising machines, and the
objects of my improvement are simplicity and economy in construction and
efficiency in use.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 is a front elevation of my machine.
Figure 2 is a side elevation of the same.
Figure 3 is a rear elevation.
Figure 4 is a plan view.
Figure 5 is a vertical section of the lower portion of my machine showing the
lifting mechanism, and a pneumatic stop or cushion.
Figure 6 is a like view of the same, less the cushion, with the parts in a
different position.
Figure 7 is a sectional side elevation of the upper portion of my machine,
with the hollow chisel mortising attachment removed, the plane of section being
indicated by the line yy in Fig. 3.
Figure 8 is a side elevation, partly in section of the treadle and connected
parts, for driving the hollow chisel.
Figure 9 is a sectional view on the line of Fig. 1, showing a part of the
lifting mechanism, said figure being on an enlarged scale.
Figure 10 is a central longitudinal section, partly in elevation, of a portion
of a hollow chisel mortising attachment.
Figure 11 is an end view of the same.
Figure 12 is a central vertical section-partly in elevation of a portion of the
carriage and its slide rod, on the same scale as Figs. 1 and 7, and
Figure 13 is a sectional side elevation of a portion of the hollow chisel mor-
tising attachment with a modified form of its operating mechanism.
A designates the frame of the machine in the lower part of which is mounted
the main shaft 13, carrying fast and loose pulleys 14 and 15 and driving
pulley 16. The fast and loose pulleys 14 and 15 are for the main driving belt
which is controlled in its position by any ordinary shipper 17, operated by means
of the lever 18 Fig. 3. The driving pulley 16 is designed for a belt, running to
the pulley 19 on the sprocket wheel shaft 20, at the upper part of the machine.
The sprocket wheel 21, is on the other end of the shaft 20, and receives and.
drives the chain 22 of the mortising machine. The lower part of the chain is
guided by the ordinary plate or block 23 having a roller at its lower end. Said
block is secured to a bracket 24 on a slide 25 that slides vertically on suitable
ways as best shown in plan view Fig. 4. A blower case 26 is secured to the
CD

page_text: front part of the frame A in position to surround the shaft 20, and, extending
from said blower case is a bracket 27 for supporting the adjusting screw 28.
Said screw is secured in the bracket so as to revolve freely without any longi-
tudinal movement therein and I prefer to have its lower end rest upon the top
of the cap of the journal box for the shaft 20. Upon the body of this screw 28
is a U shaped yoke or strap 29 that extends down to the slide 25 to which it is
secured, whereby turning the screw 28 will raise or lower the slide 25 for adjust-
ing the tension of the chain. The shaft 20 is designed to carry an ordinary
blower within the blower case 26, and in front of said blower and covering the
sprocket wheel is a hood 30. Said hood is hinged to the front of the blower
case at 31 and arranged to shut in between flanges 32 formed on the blower case.
The blower case opens into this hood and the lower end of the hood is open, not
only for the passage of the chain but also for receiving the chips which are
made by the chain. The hood may be turned upwardly on its hinge as indicated
in broken lines Fig. 7, in order to furnish access to the sprocket when desired.
The slide 25 is provided with bracket arms 33 and 34, the bracket 33 being
provided with a fixed bushing 34 which forms a bearing or guide for the sliding
rod 35 to which the chip breaker 36 is secured. At the upper end of this rod
is a yoke 37 having a platform or table 38 for the weights 39, which weights can
vary in number and weight as may be desired. A boss or collar 40 may be
formed integral with said table and yoke and provided with a set screw 41 for
adjustably securing said table and the rod 35 together so that raising the rod
will raise the said table and parts carried thereby. The lower end of the
boss 40 and upper end of the bushing 34 limit the downward movement of the chip
breaker. If desired the boss or collar may be made separately from the
table without materially changing its action. The yoke 37 extends across over
the top of the sprocket covering hood to the opposite side of the sprocket from
the chip breaker rod and has secured to it by means of the set screw 42 on the
downwardly moving side of the endless chain, a guard rod 43, the lower end of
which rod slides in the bracket 34 of the slide 25. The chip breaker is in the
main of an ordinary construction and operates in the ordinary manner, but I
provide its lower end with an inwardly curved face 44, against which the shavings
from the chain are thrown when beginning to cut a mortise and by means of
said curved face the shavings are deflected upwardly so as to be drawn into the
lower end of the hood 30 by the action of the blower.
Upon the same ways that the slide 25 is mounted on, I also mount the rising
and falling carriage 45, at a lower part of the frame. To this carriage I connect
the screw threaded slide 46 by means of the nut 47 and slotted lug 48 which rests
upon the top of said nut. This nut is shown only in Fig. 12, and is provided
with a beveled gear 49 which engages another beveled gear 50 on the shaft 51
in the front of the carriage. By the application of a suitable crank or handle 52
the nut 47 may be raised or lowered for setting the carriage at any desired
height upon the slide bar. The carriage may be provided with any suitable
gauges and clamping mechanism. As shown the table portion 53 of the car-
riage is provided with a fixed back 54 and a vertically adjustable back 55 with
its face in the same plane as the face of the fixed back. This carriage is moved
from front to rear by an adjusting screw 56 in the ordinary manner.
A screw adjustable clamp 57 is arranged to act in connection with said back
and is carried by the end of the adjusting screw 57 in the adjustable bracket 58.
Upon one side of the frame near its base there is a counter shaft 59 carrying
a cone pulley 60 for receiving a driving belt from a companion cone pulley 61 on
the main shaft. This counter shaft 59 carries near its forward end a worm 62
which engages with and drives the worm gear 63, on the shaft 64 Fig. 9. This
worm gear is covered by a case 65, while the worm is covered by a case 66ª. The
shaft 59 upon which the worm is mounted is provided with a pulley 66 located
in front of the lower end of the screw slide rod 46. The lower end of the slide
rod 46 is provided with a block or cross bar 67, to which the lower end of a

page_text: belt 68 is secured, while the other end of said belt is secured to the bifurcated
treadle 69, the body of the belt passing over the pulley 66. This treadle 69 is
counter balanced by means of the weight 70 so that the treadle of itself will
not draw the belt tightly against the periphery of the pulley 66. The downward
movement of the slide rod and carriage is limited by means of the adjusting
nut 71 on said slide rod and the lug 72 on the frame, against which lug said nut
abuts in the lowermost position of said slide rod. The nut 71 may be addition-
ally secured by means of the set nut 73. I also connect the lower end of the
slide rod and the treadle by means of a chain 74.
The driving pulley 66 when the machine is in use revolves continuously.
When it is desired to raise the carriage the treadle 69 is depressed, which act of
itself would tend to raise the carriage even if the pulley 66 merely rolled, but
by having the pulley driven by power, depressing the treadle brings the driving
belt 68 against the periphery of the pulley and creates sufficient friction to make
the pulley drive the belt and thus lift the slide rod and carriage. If the treadle
is not depressed with sufficient force the pulley may slip a little so that the slide
rod will not be raised as fast as the pulley travels, but no matter how hard the
treadle may be depressed, the carriage can never be raised at a greater speed
than the periphery of the pulley travels. As soon as the pressure of the treadle
is released the carriage and slide rod descend to their normal position. In order
to prevent the carriage from ever being forced too far upwardly I attach the
chain 74 which is so arranged as to be slack when the carriage is at its lower-
most position as shown in Fig. 5, and short enough to be drawn taut as the slide
rod reaches its uppermost position as shown in Fig. 6, so that the slide rod
through said chain pulls the treadle upwardly and releases the pressure of the
belt 68 on the pulley 66 so as to stop the upward movement of the carriage
even if the operator should continue the pressure upon the treadle for too long
a time.
In Fig. 5, there is illustrated a pneumatic cushion for checking the downward
movement of the carriage which is especially useful in large machines. This
consists of a cylinder 75 attached to the under side of the block 67 of the slide
rod, and extending down through the frame and the floor 76. A piston 77 is
fixed upon a bracket 78 secured to the under side of the floor whereby said piston
and cylinder form a pneumatic check to cushion the downward movement of the
carriage. Of course this pneumatic cushion may be differently located and
may be omitted when desired.
The machine thus far described is for the ordinary use of a chain mortising
machine, but in some instances a mortise is desired of less dimensions than can
be formed by means of a chain. Such mortises are formed with a
boring bit and hollow chisel. In the frame A at one side I drill
and tap three holes 79, as shown in Fig. 7, for the attachment of a hollow
chisel mortising mechanism. I also provide the said frame with an adjustable
leveling screw 80. B designates the frame of the hollow chisel mortising
mechanism which frame I secure to the main frame by means of bolts 81,
Figs. 2 and 3, which extend into the holes 79. The leveling screw 80 shown in
Figs. 4 and 7 may be turned out and in, so as to square this hollow mortising
machine with the table. A lathe head 82 carrying a driving spindle 83 for the
boring bit 84 Fig. 10, and long pulley 92 is mounted to slide longitudinally on
suitable ways in the frame B as best shown in Fig. 3. The front end of this
lathe head has a tapering hood like chuck 85 secured to it by means of bolts 86,
said hood being left open upon one side as at 87, Fig. 11, to furnish access to
the set screw 88, that holds the boring bit in its head. The said chuck 85. has
also fixed in it a hollow chisel 89. It is essential that the hollow chisel shall
always be concentric with the boring bit and that the boring bit shall be in
alignment with its spindle. This can always be accomplished by adjusting the
position of the chuck 85 on the end of the lathe head, the bolt holes in which
chuck are large enough to permit of such adjustment. The table of the car-

page_text: riage, 53 may be provided with any suitable abutment or backing 90 to support
the work in position for being acted upon by the hollow chisel 89 and boring
bit 84. The frame B of the hollow chisel mortising machine is also provided
with an adjustable idle pulley 91 and the belt which drives the sprocket shaft 20
may extend from the pulley 16 over the idle pulley 91, under the long pulley 92,
and up over the pulley 19 on the shaft 20 as indicated by broken lines in Fig. 3.
By thus arranging the belts the one belt which drives the sprocket shaft 20 may
also drive the spindle for the boring bit. At the same time, in case the hollow
chisel mortising attachment is not present, the belt may run directly from the
pulley 16 to the pulley 19 in the ordinary manner. The sliding lathe head 82
has secured to it a link 93 one end of which link is secured to the short arm
of the angle lever 94. A. rod 95 depends from the long arm of said angle
lever 94 down to the treadle 96. I prefer to connect said rod with the treadle
by means of a socket block 97, screw threaded on its interior, and into which
the threaded lower end of the rod 95 is screwed. As seen in Figs. 1 and 4 the
treadles 69 and 96 are arranged side by side and it is desirable that when in
their normal position they should stand at the same height. This may be
accomplished by the threaded connection at the lower end of said rod 95 as
illustrated in Fig. 8. By depressing this treadle 96 the lathe head 82 with its
boring bit and hollow chisel are forced forward toward their work which lies
against the abutment 90 on the table. For use in connection with this attach-
ment the carriage should be set higher than the position shown in Fig. 2. The
bit and chisel may pass through the opening in the adjustable back 55 of the
chain mortising machine carriage. The lathe head 82 is drawn backwardly into
the position in Fig. 2, by means of a weight and cord attached to an arm 97
of the head 82, which cord extends over a pulley 98, while the weight passes down
one of the hollow columns of the frame A, as indicated in broken lines Fig. 3.
Upon the frame B of the hollow chisel mortising machine I place a mirror 101
which faces to the front and shows the work directly in front of the hollow chisel
and bit so that the operator by looking in the mirror can see just what the
machine is doing and how the work is done.
If desired instead of the treadle 96 for forcing the boring bit and hollow chisel
to its work I may move said head forwardly by power in the manner similar to
that of raising the carriage of the chain mortising machine. In Fig. 13 I have
illustrated such a power mechanism in connection with portions of the head 82
and adjacent parts. I employ the same link or connecting rod with an angle
lever 94 to the long arm of which is a rod 95 connected with a belt 99,
pulley 100 and treadle 96. This pulley 100 is arranged to be driven slowly the
same as the pulley 66, and the general operation is the same as that of the
mechanism for lifting the main carriage, excepting as operating the rod 95"
operates the angle lever 94 to move the head 82 horizontally instead of vertically.
Such operating rod 95 and the slide rod 46 first described are equivalent
operating rods for the purposes of a mortising machine operating mechanism.
The machine may be sold either with or without the hollow chisel mortising
attachment. By my improvements the main frame of the machine, its main
shaft, &c., can be used for both kinds of mortising, making the expense much
less than two separate mechines while the compound machine occupies practi-
cally no more shop room than an ordinary chain mortising machine."
For mortising with the chain 22, after adjusting the carriage and connected
parts for the desired work, the wood to be mortised is clamped on the table, the
chip breaker and its rod adjusted and weighted as desired and then the carriage
with the work on it is forced upwardly to the chain by means of the treadle 96
and cooperating parts. The chip breaker with its rod, weighted yoke and guard
rod rise up with the work as it is fed up to the chain. The chips are taken by
the blower and carried to any desired place. By making the upwardly curved
face on the chip breaker, the first chips or shavings cut by the chain are carried
directly into the draft of the blower instead of being scattered in the room as

page_text: heretofore. By releasing the pressure on the treadle the carriage is lowered to
it normal position. In lifting the carriage the operator may if desired throw his
whole weight upon the foot treadle.
It is apparent that some changes from the specific construction herein disclosed
may be made and therefore I do not wish to be understood as limiting myself
to the precise form of construction shown and described, but desire the liberty to
make such changes, in working my invention, as may fairly come within the
spirit and scope of the same.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. The combination of the sprocket wheel shaft 20, with the blower case fixed
on the frame of the machine, the adjusting screw, 28 supported from said blower
case, the yoke 29 adjustable on said screw and the slide 25 connected with said
yoke, substantially as described.
2. The blower case surrounding the sprocket wheel shaft open at its front,
provided with flanges around the said front opening and having the hood 30
hinged thereon by its upper end and arranged to shut into flanges, substantially
as described.
3. The slide 25, carrying the chain block and having brackets 33 and 34, in
combination with the chip breaker rod sliding in the bracket 33 on one side of
said chain block, the guard rod 43 sliding in the, bracket 34 on the opposite side
of said chain block and the weighted yoke 37 connecting the said two rods at
their upper portions, substantially as described.
4. The chain block and chain, in combination with the chip breaker rod
arranged to slide vertically by the side of said chain, a table 38 on the said rod,
a weight on said rod above said table and devices for adjustably connecting said
rod and table, substantially as described.
5. The combination of the sprocket wheel shaft and blower with the chain
driven by said shaft, the sliding chip breaker rod, and the chip breaker secured
to said rod and provided with the upwardly inclined curved face 44 for deflecting
the first chips up to the draft of the blower, substantially as described.
6. The combination of the frame having vertical ways a mortising chain and
its operating mechanism the carriage mounted on the said vertical ways of the
frame, the vertically moving screw-threaded-slide-rod, the nut 47 on said rod
upon which nut the said carriage rests, and mechanism for lifting the said slide
rod, substantially as described.
7. The combination of the vertically moving carriage, with the vertically
moving and screw threaded slide rod, means for lifting said slide rod, the nut 47
on said rod with a portion of said carriage resting thereon, the beveled wheel on
said nut, a companion beveled wheel and operating shaft, and a crank or handle
for turning the said beveled wheels and nut, substantially as described.
8. In a mortising machine the combination of an operating rod, with a driving
pulley, a driving belt on said pulley, connected by one end to said operating
rod and a treadle connected with the other end of said driving belt, substan-
tially as described.
9. In a mortising machine, the combination of an operating rod, with a driving
pulley, a driving belt on said pulley connected by one end to said operating rod,
and a counter balanced treadle connected with the opposite end of said belt,
substantially as described.
10. An operating mechanism for mortising and analogous machines consisting
of the combination of an operating rod, a driving pulley, a driving belt on said
pulley connected by one end to said rod, a treadle connected with the other end
of said belt and a chain connecting said operating rod and treadle whereby the
power is automatically removed from the operating rod when it reaches a certain
position, substantially as described.

page_text: 11. A mortising machine, having in combination a vertically moving carriage,
mechanism for lifting said carriage and then releasing it to fall by gravity and
a cushioned stop to check the fall of the carriage, substantially as described.
12. The combination of the vertically moving carriage, its screw slide or
operating rod, a lug or stop shoulder on the frame, and a stop nut 71 on said
screw slide rod for acting on said stop shoulder, substantially as described.
13. The combination with the frame of a chain mortising machine, the main
shaft and pulley 16, the sprocket wheel shaft and pulley 19, a hollow chise!
mortising attachment having .a. sliding head and a long pulley 92 within the
range of the said pulley 16 and 19 and adapted to be driven by the same belt,
substantially as described.
14. The chain mortising machine, its operating treadle, the hollow chisel mor-
tising attachment, in combination with an operating rod for said attachment, a
treadle for said operating rod, and a screw adjustable connection of said treadle
and rod, substantially as described.
15. The combination of the frame of a chain mortising machine, the carriage
and table at the front of said machine with a hollow chisel mortising attachment
on one side of the frame, the bit and chisel thereof being arranged horizontally
for moving to and from the table of the chain mortising machine, and an abut-
ment 90 for holding the work on the table to the action of said bit and chisel,
substantially as described.
16. The combination of the frame of a chain mortising machine, the carriage
mounted thereon, the hollow chisel mortising attachment secured to one side of
the said frame in position for use in connection with said carriage, and a level-
ing screw 80 for adjusting said hollow chisel mortising attachment in relation to
said carriage, substantially as described.
17. The combination of the sliding lathe head 82 of the hollow chisel mortis-
ing machine, with the spindle for the boring bit mounted in said head, and the
hood shaped chuck for the chisel adjustably fixed upon said head, substantially
as described.
18. The combination of the head 82, with the spindle for the boring bit, the
hood shaped chisel chuck of a conoidal hollow form with its base secured to the
head and receiving within it the head of the bit spindle and with the chisel held
in its smaller end, substantially as described.
19. The combination of the endless chain of a chain mortising machine, with
the vertically sliding guard rod arranged on the downwardly moving side of
said chain, substantially as described.
Witnesses
JAMES SHEPARD,
A. W. STIPEK.
ROBERT STANLEY BROWN.
Boult & Wade,
Agents for the Applicant.