IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COKE FURNACES
Year: 1868

page_text: In the Matter of Letters Patent granted to EvENCE COPPEÉ, of
Haine St. Pierre, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Coke Manu-
facturer, for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COKE FURNACES,'
bearing date the Seventh day of July One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-eight, No. 2152.
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to be
entered by the said Evence Coppeé according to the Statutes in
that case made and provided.
WHEREAS since the filing of the Specification of the said Patent I
have become aware of certain errors in my said Specification, having
reference mainly to the working of the improved coke furnace, and
that some slight inaccuracies occur in the Drawing accompanying the
Specification, I therefore disclaim certain words in my Specification
and substitute therefor other words which will convey my original
meaning, and I also substitute for the filed Drawing a corrected
Drawing which will the better accord with the amended Specification
(that is to say): At page 4 of the printed Specification, line 24, I strike

page_text: At lines 29
and 30 I strike out the words "into the atmosphere," and insert after
the word "discharging" in line 29 the words "atmospheric air into."
At page 5, lines 10 and 11, I strike out the following words, "serving
"for the escape of the gases into the atmosphere M (Fig. 3) are," and
I insert in their place "fitted with dampers and connected respectively
"with horizontal pipes M, M', which." After the word "pipes" in
line 11 I introduce the words "are used," and in line 12 I strike out
the word "cold." At the end of line 13 I insert the following remark
explanatory of the Drawing, "and M are similar pipes for admitting
"air in jets (also through small holes P, P,) to the passages D, to dilute
"the rich gases that come over from the freshly charged ovens at the
"commencement of the coking operation." The Specification will then
stand as follows:-
out the word "opening" and substitute therefor "oven."
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EVENCE
COPPEÉ, of Haine St. Pierre, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Coke Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Evence Coppeé, Her special license
that I, the said Evence Coppeé, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others, as I, the said Evence Coppeé, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, excrcise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF COKE FURNACES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Evence Coppeé, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Evence Coppeé, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to

page_text: be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of coke
ovens whereby the heat given off by the coking fuel may be utilized,
the gases of combustion generated in one oven being used to light the
fire in or heat the adjoining oven throughout the series. The ovens
are long deep narrow chambers open at top for charging, and surrounded
at the side and bottom with flues. These ovcus are built up side by
side upon a hollow bed of brickwork within which (at one end of the
ovens and at right angles thereto) run two large flues set side by side
and both communicating with a common chimney. In one of these
flues is placed a cylindrical boiler extending from end to end thereof
or nearly so, and at one end this boiler takes a vertical direction, the
flue being continued upwards to receive it.
In the accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1 is a sectional plan of tho
improved coke furnace; Fig. 2 is a vertical section taken in the line 1, 2,
of Fig. 1; and Fig. 3 is a vertical section taken in the line 3, 4, of
Fig. 1 and looking in the direction of the arrow.
Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation of a modification of the improved coke
furnace in which a different arrangement or grouping of the ovens is
employed.
In the arrangement shewn at Figures 1, 2, and 3 the ovens are
grouped in couples to allow the gases of combustion of every two ovens
to commingle and pass away together.
Each oven is connected at its
upper part (just below the crown) by means of lateral openings with
a side flue, and at bottom the side flues of the two adjacent ovens connect
by lateral openings at the bottom of, say, the first oven. The gases here
commingle and then pass under the first oven. When they arrive at
the end of this flue they enter by a lateral opening the flue under the
second oven, and passing along that flue they escape into one or other
of the large flues before mentioned, through openings commanded by
dampers, which will turn the gases cither into the flue containing the
boiler or in the other which leads directly to the chimney. In covered.
spaces formed between what may be termed the hoppers of the ovens.
are pipes for discharging atmospheric air into the gases from the burning
coal, and other pipes for admitting air to the ovens. This air is heated

page_text: in its passage through the pipes, and it is admitted into the ovens in
small jets.
Having now described the general character of the furnace, I will
proceed to explain the details of its construction, reference being had
to the Drawings.
A, A, A, and B, B, B, Figures 1, 2, and 3, are pairs of ovens formed
by walls constructed of hollow bricks; C are openings in the walls for
the descent of the gases generated in the ovens. These gases pass down
the passages D, D, D, (Fig. 2) in the walls and through openings E, E,
to the flues R which run under the floor of the ovens B from end to
end thereof, while under the ovens A are similar flues R³. Connected
with these flues R', R', are passages F, F, which admit the heated gases
into the galleries G or G, which communicate respectively direct with
the draft chimneys H, H'. I, I, (Fig. 1) are registers for regulating
the draught of the furnaces and directing the heated gases into one or
the other of the passages G or G¹; K (Fig. 3) is a horizontal boiler,
and K a vertical boiler contained in the flue G; L (Fig. 3) are tubes
fitted with dampers and connected respectively with horizontal pipes,
M, M', which pipes are used for the introduction of air; M' are pipes for
conveying hot air to the ovens in jets through small holes, P, P; and
M are similar pipes for admitting air in jets (also through small holes
P, Pto the passages D, to dilute the rich gases that come over from
the y charged ovens at the commencement of the coking operation.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-Supposing the ovens
to be discharged after forty-eight hours working the ovens A will be
discharged twenty-four hours after the ovens B have been charged. This
will allow of the flames from the several ovens B heating their adjoining
ovens A during the discharging and charging. The gases from the ovens
of each pair descend through the openings C, D, E, into the passage R
(Fig. 3), where they unite. The flame from the oven B lights the gases
from the oven A, and so on alternately. The combined flames of the
two ovens then pass along the passage R throughout its whole length,
thence they pass into the passage R' through the dotted openings S, S¹,
Fig. 1, and returning through the whole length of this latter issue
through the openings F, F', either into the common gallery G, which
communicates directly with the chimney H, or into the gallery G¹ and
into the chimney H', during this passage heating the boilers K, K'.

page_text: As a modification of the above-described arrangement I propose to
group the ovens together in three's, as shewn at Fig. 4, and to make the
combined gases of the first two heat the third oven. The gases after
passing under ovens Numbers 1 and 2 enter the flue under the floor of
No. 3, and when they have traversed the flue they rise to a side flue to
heat one side of the oven. The other side is heated by the gases passing
off from No. 1 oven of the second group. The gases and liquid products
from the coal with which No. 3 oven of the several groups is charged
may be collected by the ordinary means and utilized, while the gases
from the other ovens after heating No. 3 go to the production of steam,
as in the first-described arrangement.
In the furnace shewn at Fig. 4, A, B, and X form the group of ovens
connected together by flues. The combined flame of the ovens A and B,
after having passed through the passages R, R', passes through the
whole length of the passage R", ascends into the flue Z, and passing
along it descends by an opening into the gallery G or G', as above de-
scribed. The flame from the fourth oven A. descending through the
openings C, D, E, heats the partition Y of the oven X, so that this latter
is completely heated by the neighboring ovens, and the gases produced
by the coal with which this oven is charged are collected by the ordinary
mcans.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "Improvements
in the Construction of Coke Furnaces," and explained the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that under the
above in part recited Letters Patent I claim, constructing and arranging
coke furnaces in the manner and for the purpose above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Evence Coppeé, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Twenty-ninth day of June, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.

page_text: I hereby grant my fiat, giving leave to the above-named Evence
Coppeé to file in the Great Seal Patent Office, with the Specification to
which the same relates, the above written Disclaimer and Memorandum
of Alteration.
Temple,
J. D. COLERIDGE,
12th August 1869.
Solicitor General.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Evence Coppée, of Haine St. Pierre, in the
Kingdom of Belgium, Coke Manufacturer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COKE FURNACES."
Sealed the 5th January 1869, and dated the 7th July 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Evence Coppée at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th July 1868.
I, EVENCE COPPEE, of Haine St. Pierre, in the Kingdom of Belgium,
Coke Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COKE FURNACES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of coke
ovens whereby the heat given off by the coking fuel may be utilized, the
gases of combustion generated in one oven being used to light the fire
in or heat the adjoining oven throughout the series. The ovens are long,
deep, narrow chambers, open at top for charging, and surrounded at the

page_text: sides and bottom with flues.
These ovens are built up parallel to each
other upon a hollow bed of brickwork, within which (at one end of the
ovens and at right angles thereto) run two large flues set side by side and
both communicating with a common chimney. In one of these flues is
placed a cylindrical boiler extending from end to end thereof, or nearly
so, and at one end this boiler takes a vertical direction, the flue being
continued upwards to receive it. In one arrangement the ovens are
grouped in couples to allow the gases of combustion of any two ovens to
commingle and pass away together. Each oven is connected at its upper
part (just below the crown) by means of lateral openings with a side
flue, and at bottom the side flues of the two adjacent ovens connected by
lateral openings at the bottom of, say, the first oven. The gases here
commingle and then pass under the first oven. When they arrive at the
end of this flue they enter by a lateral opening the flue under the second
oven, and passing along that flue they escape into one or other of the
large flues before mentioned through openings commanded by dampers
which will turn the gases either into the flue containing the boiler or
into the other which leads directly to the chimney.
In covered spaces
formed between what may be termed the hoppers of the ovens are pipes
for discharging the gases from the burning coal into the atmosphere and
other pipes for admitting air to the ovens. This air is heated in
its passage through the pipes and it is admitted into the ovens in
small jets.
As a modification of the above described arrangement it is proposed to
group the ovens together in threes and to make the combined gases of
the first two heat the third oven. The gases after passing under ovens
Nos. 1 and 2 enter the flue under the floor of No. 3, and when they have
traversed this flue they rise to a side flue to heat one side of the oven.
The other side is heated by the gases passing off from No. 1 oven of the
second group. The gases and liquids produced from the coal with which
No. 3 oven of the several groups is charged may be collected by the
ordinary means and utilized, while the gases from the other ovens after
heating No. 3 go to the production of steam, as in the first described
arrangement.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Evence Coppée in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 7th January 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EVENCE
COPPEE, of Haine St. Pierre, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Coke Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Evence Coppeé, Her special licence that I,
the said Evence Coppeé, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Evence Coppeé, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COKE
FJANA733," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Evence
Coppeé, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
l'atent.
NOW KNOW YE that I, the said Evence Coppeé, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is
to say):-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of coke
ovens, whereby the heat given off by the coking fuel may be utilized,
the gases of combustion generated in one oven being used to light the
fire in or heat the adjoining oven throughout the series. The ovens are

page_text: top for charging, and surrounded
These ovens are built up side by
long deep narrow chambers, open at
at the side and bottom with flues.
side upon a hollow bed of brickwork, within which (at one end of the
ovens and at right angles thereto) run two large flues set side by side,
and both communicating with a common chimney. In one of these
flues is placed a cylindrical boiler extending from end to end thereof, or
nearly so, and at one end this boiler takes a vertical direction, the fluc
being continued upwards to receive it.
In the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1 is a sectional plan of the
improved coke furnace; Fig. 2 is a vertical section taken in the line 1, 2,
of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a vertical section taken in the line 3, 4, of Fig. 1,
and looking in the direction of the arrow.
Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation of a modification of the improved coke
furnace, in which a different arrangement or grouping of the ovens is
employed.
In the arrangement shewn at Figures 1, 2, and 3, the ovens are
grouped in couples to allow the gases of combustion of every two ovens
to commingle and pass away together. Each oven is connected at its
upper part (just below the crown) by means of lateral openings with a
side flue, and at bottom the side flues of the two adjacent ovens connect
by lateral openings at the bottom of, say, the first oven.
The gases here
commingle and then pass under the first oven. When they arrive at
the end of this flue they enter by a lateral opening the flue under the
second opening, and passing along that flue they escape into one or other
of the large flues before mentioned through openings commanded by
dampers, which will turn the gases either into the flue containing the
boiler, or in the other which leads directly to the chimney. In covered
spaces formed between what may be termed the hoppers of the ovens are
pipes for discharging the gases from the burning coal into the atmo-
sphere, and other pipes for admitting air to the ovens. This air is heated
in its passage through the pipes, and it is admitted into the ovens in
small jets.
Having now described the general character of the furnace, I will
proceed to explain the details of its construction, reference being had
to the Drawings.
A, A, A, and B, B, B, Figures 1, 2, and 3, are pairs of ovens formed
by walls constructed of hollow bricks; C are openings in the walls for

page_text: the descent of the gases generated in the ovens. These gases pass down
the passages D, D, D, (Fig. 2) in the walls, and through openings E, E,
to the flues R, which run under the floor of the ovens B from end to end
thereof, while under the ovens A are similar flues R'. Connected with
these flues R', R', are passages F, F, which admit the heated gases into
the galleries G or G', which communicate respectively direct with the
draft chimneys H, H'. I, I, (Fig. 1) are registers for regulating the
draught of the furnaces and directing the heated gases into one or the
other of the passages G or G'; K (Fig. 3) is a horizontal boiler, and K'
a vertical boiler contained in the flue G¹; L. (Fig. 3) are tubes serving
for the escape of the gases into the atmosphere; M (Fig. 3) are pipes
for the introduction of cold air; M' are pipes for conveying hot air to
the ovens in jets through small holes P, P.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-Supposing the ovens to
be discharged after forty-eight hours working, the ovens A will be
discharged twenty-four hours after the ovens B have been charged; this
will allow of the flames from the several ovens B heating their adjoining
ovens A during the discharging and charging. The gases from the ovens
of each pair descend through the openings C, D, E, into the passage R
(Fig. 3), where they unite. The flame from the oven B lights the gases
from the oven A, and so on alternately. The combined flames of the
two ovens then pass along the passage R throughout its whole length,
thence they pass into the passage R' through the dotted openings S, S¹,
(Fig. 1) and returning through the whole length of this latter issue
through the openings F, F', either into the common gallery G, which
communicates directly with the chimney H or into the gallery G¹ and
into the chimney H' during this passage heating the boilers K, K'.
As a modification of the above described arrangement I propose to
group the ovens together in threes, as shewn at Fig. 4, and to make the
combined gases of the first two heat the third oven. The gases after
passing under ovens Numbers 1 and 2 enter the flue under the floor of
No. 3, and when they have traversed the flue they rise to a side flue to
heat one side of the oven. The other side is heated by the gases passing
off from No. 1 oven of the second group. The gases and liquid products
from the coal with which No. 3 oven of the several groups is charged
may be collected by the ordinary means and utilized, while the gases
from the other ovens after heating No. 3 go to the production of steam,
as in the first described arrangement.

page_text: In the furnace shewn at-Fig. 4, A, B, and X form the group of ovens
connected together by flues. The combined flame of the ovens A and B
after having passed through the passages R, R', passes through the
whole length of the passage R", ascends into the flue Z, and passing
along it descends by an opening into the gallery G or G¹, as above
described. The flame from the fourth oven A descending through the
openings C, D, E, heats the partition Y of the oven X, so that this latter
is completely heated by the neighbouring ovens, and the gases produced
by the coal with which this oven is charged are collected by the ordinary
means.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "Improvements
in the Construction of Coke Furnaces," and explained the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that under the
above in part reciting Letters Patent I claim, constructing and arranging
coke furnaces in the manner and for the purpose above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Evence Coppée, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Seventh day of January, in the year of
our Lord. One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
EVENCE COPPEE. (L.S.)