IMPROVEMENTS IN. MACHINES AND TOOLS FOR SHAPING METALS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Arthur Crow, of the Borough and County
of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN.
MACHINES AND TOOLS FOR SHAPING METALS."
Sealed the 23rd October 1874, and dated the 1st May 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Arthur Crow
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
on the 1st May 1874.
ઃઃ
I, GEORGE ARTHUR CROW, of the Borough and County of Newcastle-
upon-Tyne, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
AND TOOLS FOR SHAPING METALS," to be as
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINES
follows:-
My Invention relates, firstly, to improved arrangements of machinery
for cutting convex or concave surfaces when such surfaces are segments
of a circle. For this purpose according to my improvements I arrange
a fixed or revolving tool in a curved bar, this bar works on a curved disc
:

page_text: and is guided in the ordinary way of shaping or slotting machine bars
by V or other formed guides. A reciprocating motion is given to this
bar so that the cutting tool will reciprocate in the segments of a circle
and cut a corresponding shape to the curve of the bar, a fresh surface
being brought under the tool after each cut. This part of my Invention
is particularly applicable to the shaping of the inner rim of railway
wheels. The wheels may be placed on a moveable table or rotated as
required.
My Invention is also applicable to slotting, shaping, or planing
machines, motion being given to the curved bar by the disc, ram, link,
or slot bar of the machine..
The second part of my Invention relates to a peculiarly constructed
tool holder, the cutter or tool passing through the axis of the tool holder
and being fixed in it by an eye or set bolt to prevent the tool or cutter
from moving in a longitudinal direction. The tool holder is screwed
and a bolt screwed into the holder down on to the cutter or tool, thus
preventing any movement of the tool in the holder when it takes its
cut. It could also be held in its place. by a cotter or key, but I prefer
the former method. The holder is moved as required by a worm wheel
and screw. The tube or bearing for the tool holder may be cast or
bolted on the slot bar of the slotting or shaping machine.
The third part of my Invention relates to the feed cutting motion of
planing machines. It consists in working the upright rod on which the
pawl is (that works into the wheel for moving the tool to the cut) by a
lever working direct on the end of the upright rod, the lever being at-an
angle when at rest. On the planing machine head a cam or roller is
fixed, when the head is in motion the cam or roller comes in contact
with the high end of lever, the lower end raising the bar, and giving
'motion to the feed rod and pawl, thus moving the cutting tool to the
cut and at the same time reversing the motion of the cutting head.
In order to regulate or give more or less feed the bar that moves the
tool is screwed, on this a hand wheel is mounted also screwed, the boss
of which rests on the guide of the pawl rod. Thus the rod can be
raised or lowered and any desired feed given to the cutting tool.
I do not confine myself to the raising or lowering of the tool bar by
screw alone, as it can also be done by other mechanical appliances, such

page_text: as levers, keys, cotters, cams, or otherwise. This feed motion is par-
ticularly applicable to the larger class of planing machines with a.
moveable cutting head.
filed by the said George Arthur Crow in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 30th October 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE.
ARTHUR CROW, of the Borough and County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
send greeting.
123
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said George Arthur Crow, Her special
licence that I, the said George Arthur Crow, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George Arthur
Crow, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES AND TOOLS FOR SHAPING METALS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said George Arthur Crow, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Arthur Crow, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement in writing, reference being had to the

page_text: Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say) :-
This Invention relates, firstly, to improved arrangements of machinery
for cutting convex or concave surfaces where such surfaces are segments
of a circle. For this purpose, according to my improvements, I arrange
a fixed or revolving tool in a curved slotting bar, this bar works on a
curved table and is guided in the ordinary way of shaping or slotting
machine bars by or other formed guides. This will be better under-
stood by referring to the accompanying Drawing, in which I have shewn
in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 an elevation, plan, and an end elevation of a machine
having my improvements fitted thereto; Fig. 4 is an enlarged section
of the curved slotting bar and curved table.
In these Figures 6 is the cutting tool and bi the tool holder connected,
in a manner herein-after specified, to the free end of the curved slotting
bar a; this bar works to and fro over a curved table c and prevented by
tlie guides d, d, from rising or getting deranged. A reciprocating
motion is given to this curved slotting bar so that the cutting tool will
reciprocate in the segments of a circle and cut a corresponding shape to
the curve of the slotting bar, a fresh surface of the article acted upon
being brought under the cutting tool after each cut.
Intention is particularly applicable to the shaping of
railway wheels. The wheels may be placed on a moveable table e.
:
This part of my
the inner rim of
My Invention is also applicable to slotting, shaping, or planing
machines, motion being given to the curved bar by the disc, ram, link,
or slot bar of the machine.
The second part of my Invention relates to a peculiarly constructed
tool holder, shewn in detail in Fig. 5, the cutter or tool 6 passing
through the axis of the tool holder 6' and being fixed in it by an eye or
set bolt to prevent the cutter or tool from moving in a longitudinal
direction. The upper part of the tool holder is tapped and a screw set
bolt / fitted therein so as to screw down on to the top of the cutter or
tool, thus preventing any movement of the tool in the holder when it
takes its cut. A part of the lower portion of the tool holder extends
down behind the tool, as shewn in Fig. 5, this gives stability to the tool
when at work. In place of the set bolt h the tool could also be held in
its place by a cotter or key, but I prefer the method above described.
The holder with the cutter is moved, as required, by a worm wheel i

page_text: actuated by the worm j on the shaft of the hand wheel j¹ (see Figs. 1, 2,
and 3). The tube or bearing for the tool holder may be cast or bolted
on the slot bar of the slotting or shaping machine.
moving the tool to
The third part of my Invention relates to the feed cutting motion of
planing machines. This is shewn in Fig. 6, and consists in working the
upright rod which actuates the pawl (that works into the wheel for
the cut) by a lever 7 working direct on the end of
the upright rod, the lever being at an angle when at rest, as shewn in
the Drawing. This lever has three arms, one acting direct on the end
of the upright rod, as before mentioned. On the planing machine head a
cam or roller m is fixed. When the head is in motion the cam or roller
comes in contact with the second or high arm of the lever, and depressing
it raises the lower or first mentioned arm of the lever and with it the
upright rod k, thereby giving motion to the feed rod n and pawl o, thus
moving the cutting tool to the cut, and at the same time, by means of
the third arm of the lever, reversing the motion of the cutting head.
In order to regulate or give more or less feed the upright rod k has
that portion of its length which works in and beyond the guide ¹ so
made that a screw may be cut therein for a hand wheel p also screwed
to work thereon, the boss of which rests on the guide ¹ of the upright
rod. Thus by turning the aforesaid hand wheel the upright rod can be
raised or lowered and any desired feed given to the cutting tool.
I do not confine myself to the raising or lowering of the upright rod
giving motion to the cutting tool by screwing alone, as it can also be
done by other mechanical appliances, such as levers, keys, cotters, cams,
or otherwise, but I prefer the method above detailed. This feed motion
is particularly applicable to the larger class of planing machines with a
moveable cutting head.
1 Having now described my Invention for "Improvements in Machines
and Tools for Shaping Metals," together with the manner of carrying
the same into effect, I claim as my Invention,-
First. The mode, herein set forth, of shaping metals.
Second. The cutting tool passing through the axis of the tool holder
and secured therein by set bolts in the manner herein described.
Third. The method, herein set forth, of feeding the cutting motion of
planing machines, but it must be distinctly understood that in no case

page_text: do I claim those parts that are not new, but which have been introduced
for the purpose of making the explanation more clear.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Arthur Crow, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, the Twenty-ninth day of October,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.