Year: 1899

page_text: I, JAMES FERRIER, of 72, Reedworth Street, Kennington Road, London, S.E.,
Boot Pattern Cutter, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to drawing instruments of the class known as pantographs,
and it consists in certain novel features of construction whereby such an instru-
ment is rendered capable of reproducing outlines or figures not only on the same
or on a greater or less scale than the original, but (if so desired) with the dimen-
sions of the outline or figure increased or diminished in any required direction
in addition to the general increase or diminution effected in the scale of the out-
line or figure regarded as a whole."
The instrument of my invention is specially adapted for use in the production,
from a single pattern or model, of series of sets of patterns or pieces of material
used in the making of boots and shoes or other garments, it being possible by the
aid of this instrument to draw from a single pattern of (say) a boot sole, an entire
series of soles in sets of sizes, in an increasing or diminishing order, each set shew-
ing an increase or diminution of dimensions as a whole, relatively to the last set
of the series, but the members of the set exhibiting variations between one another.
in length alone, or in breadth alone, such a result being attained with ease and
certainty and without calculation.
The pantograph of my invention consists essentially of four bars, freely pivoted
together so as to form a parallelogram, one of the bars being mounted upon a
fulcrum centre adapted to be fixed upon the worktable or drawing board so as to
form an abutment as usual for the movements of the instrument. The bars which
cross the fulcrum-carrying bar are prolonged, in opposite directions, beyond the
fulcrum-carrying bar and the fourth bar (which is parallel to the fulcrum-carry-
ing bar) respectively. A tracing point and a pencil or other scribing instrument
(or a cutter) are mounted at the outer ends of the prolongations, and in normal
working the position of the fulcrum is adjusted in exact alignment with the
tracing point and the pencil or scriber, the instrument acting under these con-
ditions like an ordinary pantograph, either for reducing, for enlarging, or for
reproducing an outline on the same scale as the original.
By transferring one or other or both of the bars which respectively carry the
tracing point and scriber, towards or away from the fulcrum, the copy produced
will be enlarged or reduced in one direction, whilst by placing the bar which is
parallel to the fulcrum-carrying bar nearer to or farther from the latter, the copy
will be enlarged or reduced in a direction perpendicular to the former direction;
the fulcrum being by these means thrown out of alignment with the tracing point
and scriber in one or the other direction so that the resulting distortion whether
in the sense of enlargement or reduction, is combined with the enlargement or
reduction (if any) of the design as a whole. It will be obvious that by these

page_text: means the copy may receive a double distortion, i.e. in the sense of enlargement
in the one direction and reduction in the other, so that an indefinite series of
copies may be produced from one pattern, as in the case of a boot sole for example,
exhibiting every ratio of increase or diminution of proportions as compared with
the original, yet all conforming to the leading features of the latter.
By distorting the parallelogram normally formed by the four bars, so as to
destroy the parallelism of any or both pairs of bars, a copy will be produced
having its proportions distorted in one or more directions oblique relatively to
the directions of enlargement or reduction before referred to, and by this means
not only may a still greater variety be obtained in the copies, but as will be
obvious, humorous drawings and caricatures may be designed with the greatest
ease, based upon correct originals.
When intended to be used for the production of series of sets of patterns such
as described, and bearing certain definite relations to one another, as in the case
of the constituent parts of boots, garments and the like my improved pantograph
is preferably provided with means of ready adjustment, consisting of rows of
holes passing through the several bars of the instrument, these holes being suit-
ably marked so that any two holes in the respective members of an overlapping
pair of bars may be superposed upon one another and the bars pivotally connected
at that point by means of a pin, the junction being secured by a clip capable of
sliding upon the one bar and pressing the other bar against the first by means
of a spring finger.
The fulcrum centre may be provided with a fine screw adjustment in addition
to the ordinary clamp, and means may be attached to the scribing point whereby
the latter may be pressed firmly upon, or raised out of contact with, the work, at
the will of the operator.
I, JAMES FERRIER, of 72, Reedworth Street, Kennington Road, London, S.E.,
Boot Pattern Cutter, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to an improved pantograph and the invention consists in
certain novel features of construction whereby such an instrument is rendered
capable of such adjustments as to enable the outlines of a template or pattern
to be reproduced not only on the same or on a different scale, but (if so desired)
with such variation of the relative proportions in any direction as may be re-
quired whether the scale be varied or not.
My improved instrument is specially adapted for use in the production, from
a single set of templates or patterns of a series of sets of patterns for the pieces
of material used in the making of boot and shoe uppers for instance it being
possible by the aid of this instrument to draw from the same template an entire
series of patterns with such variations in length alone, or in breadth alone, or in
both, as may be desired, such a result being attained with ease and certainty
and without calculation or reference to any tabular scale, there being a separate
template for each of three sets (i.e. men's, women's and children's sizes).

page_text: Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings forming part of this
specification wherein Figure 1 is a general view of the apparatus as in use.
Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5 are detail sections on lines 2-2, 3-3, 4-4, and 5-5
respectively.
The pantograph of my invention consists essentially of four bars A, B, C, D
adjustably pivoted together so as to form a parallelogram, the bar A. being
mounted upon a vertical pivot at E adapted to be fixed upon the work-table or
drawing board W. The bar B is similar in all respects to the bar A except that
it has no pivotal centre and the cross bars C D which are pivoted to the bars A B
extend therefrom in opposite directions, a tracing point F being mounted at the
outer end of the bar C and a pencil or scriber G being mounted at the end of the
arm D.
For the purposes of reproduction on the same or a different scale (without varia-
tion of relative proportions) the parts of the instrument are so adjusted that the
tracing point, the pencil or scriber and the fulcrum are in the same straight line,
the instrument acting under these conditions like an ordinary pantograph.
When intended to be used for the production of series of sets of patterns such
as described, and bearing certain definite relations to one another, as in the case
of the constituent parts of boots, garments and the like, my improved pantograph
is provided with means of ready adjustment, consisting of rows of holes in the
several bars suitably marked so that the bars may be jointed together at any
holes as hereafter described.
Thus each of the bars has one or more series of equally spaced holes by which
the bars are pin-jointed together at their crossing points. To enable the adjust-
ment to be readily made each of the joints is secured by the means illustrated in
Figures 3 and 5 wherein H is the joint pin having a neck h cut in it which is
engaged by a slotted spring cotter carried by a clip I adapted to slide stiffly on
the bar A or B, a washer J of felt or other soft material being interposed between
the crossed bars. By sliding back the clip I the spring cotter will be disengaged
from the joint pin H which may be withdrawn and readily inserted in any other
holes as may be required and again secured.
The bars A B are exactly alike as regards the spacing of the holes and they
have, in the arms to which the bar C is jointed, a set of three holes m wc corre-
sponding respectively to men's, women's and children's sizes and similarly the
bar C has two sets of three holes m wc so that by connecting the bars at corre-
sponding holes the instrument will be adjusted for producing a set of patterns
of the one or other kind.
The variation of the size or dimensions of the patterns is obtained by adjusting
the connection of the bar D with the bars A, B, and for this purpose the latter
bars have equally spaced holes in two sets, viz., a, a, in bar A. and b. 61 in bar B.
those of set a in the bar A and of set b in bar B being numbered from 6 to 13
and those of set a¹ in bar A and set b¹ in bar B being numbered from 1 to 11.
whilst the bar D has sets of similarly spaced holes, viz.:-two sets a d. a¹ d'
numbered from 6 to 13 and from 1 to 11 respectively for connection with the
bar A; and two sets b d, b d numbered similarly to a d, a' d for connection
with the bar B. The spacing of all these holes corresponds to the differences of
dimension of the various sizes of a set of patterns so that by connecting the
bars A B to bar D at correspondingly numbered holes, of corresponding sets in
each of said bars any required sizes of that set of patterns may be produced with
ease and certainty, since the location of the holes heing predetermined, any slight
inaccuracy of adjustment as with telescopically sliding connections is impossible.
The sets of holes a, b of bars A. B and the sets of holes a d and b d of bar D
correspond to the children's set of patterns. In the bar A the distance from the
fulcrum E to the hole No. 10 of set a is equal to the distance from the fulcrum
to the hole c, whilst in the bar D the distance of the hole No. 10 of the set a d
from the pencil and in the bar C the distance of hole c from the point F are
respectively equal to the distance of the hole c in bar A from the fulcrum. The

page_text: scale works upwards and downwards from the hole number 10 since when the
instrument is adjusted at that hole the template will be reproduced without en-
largement or reduction.
The sets of holes a¹ b¹ in bars A, B and a¹ d, b¹ d¹ in bar D numbered from 1
to 11 correspond partly to women's and partly to men's sizes, those numbered 1
to 8 and the holes win bars A, B, C corresponding to the women's set of patterns,
the distances from the fulerum E of the holes 4 and wo in bar A being equal,
whilst the distance from the pencil of the hole 4 of the set a¹ d¹ in bar D and the
distance of the hole we in bar C from point F are also equal to the distance of the
hole w from the fulcrum E.
The sets of holes a¹ b in bars A B and a d¹, b¹ din bar D correspond as
regards numbers 5 to 11 to the men's set of patterns and to the holes m in
bars A, B, C, the distances from the fulcrum of the holes 8 and m in bar A being
equal, and the distance from the pencil of the hole 8 of the set ad in bar D
and that of hole m in bar C from point F being equal to the distance of the
hole m in bar A. from the fulcrum.
By varying the positions of the joint pins along the bars A B the "fitting"
(.e. the width) will be altered without alteration of length, and by varying the
position of the joint pins along the bar D so as to vary the distance of the pencil
from the bar A the length will be altered without alteration of width. By making
both changes the alteration of size is obtained.
The effect of shifting one or other or both of the bars CD towards or away from
the fulcrum is to enlarge or reduce in one direction, whilst the effect of placing
the bar B nearer to or farther from the bar A is to enlarge or reduce in a direc-
tion perpendicular to the former direction; and such enlargement or reduction
may be combined with the enlargement or reduction (if any) of the design as a
whole. It will be obvious that enlargement in the one direction and reduction
in the other may be so effected that an indefinite series of changes of proportion
and size may be produced from one template, exhibiting every desired ratio of
increase or diminution of proportions, yet all conforming to the leading features
of the original.
The joints at the upper left and lower right corners may be supported on easter
wheels as in Figure 3. K is a set of templates for a shoe upper, the four tem-
plates 1, 2. 34 being combined in one and made of card or metal superposed and
fixed together at different levels so as to present guiding edges to the tracer.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. A pantograph for the herein described purpose formed of bars provided with
series of holes and adjustably pin-jointed together substantially as herein speci-
fied for the purpose of varying the dimensions and proportions of copies or patterns
obtained from a stock template as described.
2. In a pantograph formed of bars with series of holes and adjustable pin
joints, the combination with the 'bars and with joint pins having a head at one
end and a neck or groove at the other, of slides carrying slotted spring cotters
adapted to engage the neck or groove of the joint pin substantially as specified.
Dated this 20th dow of T1 1900
A. M. & WM. CLARK.
Chartered Patent Agents, 53, Chancery Lane, London.