IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR OPENING AND CLOSING, AND FOR RAISING, LOWERING, AND OTHERWISE MOVING DAMPERS, DOORS, AND WINDOWS, AND FOR OTHER APPLICATIONS." PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Waller, of Leeds, in the County of York,
Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR OPENING AND CLOSING, AND FOR RAISING, LOWERING, AND OTHERWISE
MOVING DAMPERS, DOORS, AND WINDOWS, AND FOR OTHER APPLICATIONS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Waller at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th December 1880.
RICHARD WALLER, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer.
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR OPENING AND CLOSING, AND FOR
RAISING, LOWERING, AND OTHERWISE MOVING DAMPERS, DOORS, AND WINDOWS,
AND FOR OTHER APPLICATIONS."
In the several devices which I propose to adopt for opening and closing as well
as for raising and lowering or otherwise moving, I use various combinations of
worm, worm-wheel, screw, rack, or ratchet, or a series of studs with spur and pinion
gearing, or certain of them, and my Invention consists in arrangements of
mechanism whereby the worm and screw or ratchet may be used to open and close
one window, shutter, damper, or anything closing an opening or aperture, or a series
of such, the opening and closing being operated from any convenient point however
distant, and by means of pulleys and chains or cords, or by cranks and connecting
rods or otherwise.
For example, to open and close a pivoted window so that it will remain fixed at
any desired angle, I propose to attach to the frame (by hinge or so that it may
incline to an angle corresponding to that of the open window) a screw, and on the
sash a bracket carrying a bearing, through which the said screw will pass in a
bush; an axle also carried by said bearing having a worm gearing with a pinion
connected to said bush, so that when the axle is set in motion by toothed gearing.
and pulley or otherwise, the bush revolving on the screw in the one direction will
draw the window open, and turning in the opposite direction will reclose it, the
window remaining fixed at the angle which it has reached when the axle ceases to
revolve.
Or I may place a toothed curved rack upon the sash in gear with a pinion on the
frame, and actuate this pinion by a worm gearing with its shaft, or with connecting

page_text: rods in gear with each other by bevel pinions, and leading to any convenient point.
Or I may place a toothed quadrant upon the window frame, and upon the sash a
worm actuated by cogs and connecting rods, by pulley and chain or cord, or by a
crank on its axle, according to the position of the window, and whether it is to be
operated singly or whether a series are to be worked together; and I may reverse
the position of the quadrant or rack, placing it upon the sash and the pinion or
worm upon the frame.
In conjunction with my improved mechanism for opening and closing windows,
doors, dampers, traps, and similar means of closing openings or apertures, I propose
to place an indicator or indicators in the lower apartment of a house or a factory,
or any convenient part of a mine or other place, so that the actual position of such
window, door, damper, or trap may be always known, and that it may by means of
my mechanism and connections be opened or closed or partially so from such
convenient spot.
For raising and lowering I propose to attach my screw to a bearing sliding up and
down upon a bracket or support, which bracket or support may be fixed or have a
hook upon its upper end to attach it to a bar or wherever required, the lower end
of the screw being provided with a swivel hook or other means of carrying or seizing
the object or article to be raised or lowered.
For lifting heavy weights I propose to actuate the screw by means of a worm
carried by an axle on the sliding bearing, the axle being revolved by crank and
toothed gearing or otherwise, and the worm revolving the screw in either direction
by means of a pinion fixed upon it.
For lighter weights, the pitch of my screw permitting it to be easily revolved by
pushing it upward or pulling downward, I propose to attach a spring catch to the
sliding bearing, which will arrest the revolution of the screw by coming into contact
with lugs or projections upon it.
This latter arrangement will be found particularly useful for domestic purposes,
for lifting and lowering and sliding to or from the fire cooking pots, or utensils in
cellars and elsewhere.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Richard Waller in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 29th June
1881.
"
RICHARD WALLER, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR OPENING AND CLOSING, AND FOR
RAISING, LOWERING, AND OTHERWISE MOVING DAMPERS, DOORS, AND WINDOWS,
AND FOR OTHER APPLICATIONS."
In the several devices which I adopt for opening and closing, as well as for
raising and lowering or otherwise moving, I use various combinations of worm,
worm wheel, screw, rack, or ratchet, or a series of studs with spur and pinion
gearing, or certain of them; and my Invention consists in arrangements
of mechanism whereby the worm and screw or ratchet may be used to open and
close one window, shutter, damper, or anything closing an opening or aperture, or a
series of such, the opening and closing being operated from any convenient point
however distant, and by means of pulleys and chains or cords, or by cranks and
connecting rods or otherwise.
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawing forming part of this my Specification I
show my improved mechanical combinations for raising, lowering, and otherwise
moving in various applications.
Figure 1 illustrates my Invention applied to the opening and closing of windows,
dampers, or other ventilators. In No. 1 it is shown in its simplest form with
rack and pinion, which may be actuated singly or in a series by connecting rod or
rods, as shown in No. 7 (Figure 2), or in any convenient manner. No. 2 shows
rack, worm, and wheel actuated by chain or cord or by hand crank.
No. 3 is an
elevation of No. 2. No. 4 shows this arrangement adapted for heavier work,
such as heavy dampers, windows, or doors. Nos. 5 and 6 show an adaptation
*boxed in. It will be understood that although I have shown these arrangements
applied vertically they may be equally well applied horizontally, or as may be
required.
Figure 2, No. 7, shows a front view of modification No. 1, of Figure 1, being a
series of dampers, windows, or ventilators working simultaneously by connecting
rods.
Figure 3 shows the working of a skylight, which may be opened or closed from
the basement of a building, or which may be worked from any intermediate floor,
the shafts being so arranged that they may be disconnected in order that less
power may be required to open and close the skylight from the upper floors. The
index a indicates whether the skylight is open or closed. For better security
when the skylight is open I have provided a grating 9, which may be cast with
the same frame in which the skylight is made to move, or which may be added
thereto.
Figure 4 shows a lifting arrangement with elongated lever, and worm, and
wheel arrangement. This is useful in workshops, in quarries, and elsewhere. The
shaft which supports the lever and the working action may be made so as to be
turned in its socket in any direction required.
Figure 5 shows an arrangement for lifting and lowering or opening and closing
traps or doors, whether horizontal, vertical, or otherwise fitted.
Figure 6 shows an arrangement for lifting and lowering any kind of weight in
smaller or larger appliances, namely, either for the bench in the workshops or for
quarries. This arrangement may also be made portable or to run on wheels, and
be fixed upon any vehicle where lifting power is required.
Figure 7 shows an arrangement for lifting, particularly adapted for use in
breweries for raising barrels and suitable for lifting any kind of article from one

page_text: elevation to another. It is easily taken to pieces to be transported from place to
place, or may be made portable as a whole."
Figure 8 shows an arrangement particularly adapted for opening and closing
the sliding frames of hot houses and for similar horticultural purposes. I have
shown each slide work independently, and so that they may be worked from any
convenient point; they may however be connected so as to work simultaneously.
I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to the exact details as
shown on the Drawing, as such may be somewhat varied while retaining the
essential features of my several combinations, and that what I claim as secured to
me by the hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent is,--
The use of the several arrangements of mechanism for opening and closing, and
for raising, lowering, and otherwise moving dampers, doors, and windows, and for
other applications combined, arranged, and actuated, substantially as hereinbefore
set forth and described, and shown on the annexed Sheet of Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Waller, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty eighth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.