Improvements in or connected with Gas Lamps.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Dec., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 1st Feb., 1890-Accepted, 1st Mar, 1800
Complete specification Left, 1st red., 1990-Accepted, 181 Mal 7000
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Gas Lamps.
DANIEL ROBERTSON GARDNER, Cabinet Maker, 36, Jamaica Street, Glasgow,
County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
I contract the openings in ordinary gas globes, specially the outlet. I do it in a
variety of ways, with a variety of materials, but prefer doing so by means of a cover
with a moveable damper, laid on the top of the globe, which retards the current of air,
regulates its quantity, and accumulates and increases the heat given off by the flame;
all three acting individually or combined, increase the illuminating power of the gas.
The same cover acts as a reflector; I prefer making them of asbestos with mica or tale
as non-conductors between the asbestos and the gas globes when the heat is great.
These covers may be used alone on the tops of globes or shades or they may be
attached to coronets that are sometimes used on globes. Shaped reflectors for
regenerative lamps, 1 build up out of solid asbestos rings fixed together.
Dated this 16th day of Dec. 1889.
DANIEL ROBERTSON GARDNER.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (AMENDED).
Improvements in or connected with Gas Lamps.
I, DANIEL ROBERTSON GARDNER, Cabinetmaker, 36 Jamaica Street, Glasgow, in
the County of Lanark, North Britain do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :—
This Invention relates to improvements in the burning of gas within the ordinary
gas globes as used for household and other purposes and has for its object to increase
the illuminating power of gas without any corresponding increase of gas supply or
pressure, thereby effecting economy of gas and at the same time in accordance with
my said invention no unconsumed gas escapes as all the gas passing through the
burner is caused to be utilized in the production of light, hence the atmosphere is kept
healthy and pure and ceilings, decorations and other surfaces remain uninjured and
clean.
It is well known that the proper burning of illuminating gas depends upon certain
physical and chemical conditions, the due observation of which is of great importance
in the developement of a maximum amount of light. Chief of these is the prevention
of the escape of any particles of carbon unconsumed. It is also well known that
bighly-heated air produces complete combustion and gives an increased luminosity
to the carbon contained in the gas; and that it is necessary to retard the flow of
gas at the burner; now I have ascertained from experiments that if the outlet at
the top of the globe is materially diminished in a certain manner and certain
requirements attended to, a quiet condition of the atmosphere around the flame is
attained and consequently a retardation of the flow of gas at the burner while the
Paine 71

page_text: temperature of the surrounding air is raised sufficient for the entire combustion of
the light carburetted hydrogen that passes off unconsumed from an ordinary gas
flame.
The mode of carrying out my invention is shewn in the accompanying
drawings-
Figure 1 is an elevation partly in section of a gas globe A, mounted
upon a
gallery B, having a burner C; Figure 2 is a plan of the same; the said globe,
gallery and burner may be of the ordinary description and construction, but my
invention is more particularly applicable to globes having a contracted opening at
the bottom, such as is shewn in the drawing. Upon the top of the globe I place
a cover D, (shewn in section Fig. 1.) preferably of asbestos, or its equivalent the
said cover having a ventilator 'd, centrally through it with an adjustable damper d';
E are studs provided upon the underside of the cover for the purpose of fixing the
cover upon the globe, the said studs being preferably mounted eccentrically upon
pins e, in order to adjust their position to any slightly varying diameters of globe
tops; F, are strips preferably of mica which I prefer to employ between the globe
and the cover in order to equalize the heat between the two materials, that is to say
the asbestos and the glass of the globe; I have found from experiments that this
arrangement entirely prevents any liability of the globe to crack.
To use the cover, place it upon the top of the globe turning the studs (if necessary)
in order to fix the cover,
and have the ventilator full open; to adjust the ventilator
gradually close the damper until the largest possible flame is obtained without smoke ;
when the damper is set no further adjustment is required.
In accordance with the amount of the extent of the closing of the ventilator d by
the damper d¹, so is the current of air through the globe retarded and the heat of the
atmosphere around the flame intensified, and this has the effect of correspondingly
steadying and increasing the size of the flame and its illuminating power. In addition
to this advantage which is obtained without any corresponding increase of gas or
pressure, thereby effecting economy of gas, there is at the same time no escape of
unconsumed gas as in ordinary open globes as all the gas passing through the burner
is caused to be utilized in the production of light, hence the outer atmosphere is kept
healthy and pure.
It will also be found by the employment of my said Invention that the use of the
asbestos cover as hereinbefore described acts as a powerful reflector, thereby bringing
a large amount of light into use, which hitherto with open gas globes has been
practically lost. When the asbestos cover is desired more for the purpose of reflection
than for increased light, the damper need not be used over the ventilator d.
As a further advantage of my said Invention I have found that the cover keeps the
flame steady thereby reducing the liability that has been found hitherto of globes
cracking especially when using a large flame.
I may modify the precise construction of the asbestos cover as shewn in the
drawings, for example in lieu of one central ventilator d, I may have two or more
ventilators, or the asbestos cover may be perforated, and in lieu of the damper d³, I
may employ a damper to suit the particular form in which the cover is ventilated
made.
As a further modification of my said invention in lieu of the cover resting flat upon
the top of the globe it may so rest upon the globe that a ventilation is allowed between
the cover and the globe in lieu of or in addition to a central ventilator through the
cover; and under this arrangement the cover may be fitted either just within or just
outside of the globe.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I .
claim is.
First. For gas lights enclosed in globes, obtaining a quiet and highly heated
atmosphere around the flame substantially in the manner as, and for the purposes.

page_text: Second. For gas lights enclosed in globes, the cover D, with ventilator d,
damper d', and non-conducting strips or faces F, or any other modification of the
said parts, all substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described and shewn
in the accompanying drawings.
Third. For gas lights enclosed in globes, the asbestos cover D, for use as a reflector
substantially in the manner as herein before described.
Dated this 31st day of January 1890.
JOHNSONS,
115, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Applicant's Agents.