Bending Strains.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 1st July, 1886.
Complete Left, 1st Feb., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 11th Mar., 1887..
Bending Strains.
I, WILLIAM MULLAN, of Marlborough Park, near Belfast, in the county of Antrim,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My said invention has for its principal object to render side lights of the common
kind more easily adjustable, less liable to damage by the breaking of the glass, and to
provide in an improved and advantageous manner for the securing of the glass holder
to the frame of the side light. The invention is also applicable for other lids and
hinged structures, where it is desirable to quickly make and break a water tight joint.
In place of a rigid hinge I form one with a conical pin, or a pin formed with its axis
on a circular curve, concentric with the centre of motion as hereafter described, or if
the motion of adjustment is rectilinear with a straight pin, but in either case with the
two hinged parts free to move relatively upon each other in the direction of the axis of
that hinge, whether straight or curved. On the frame of the side light or other hinged
structure, I place projecting cleats having their under surfaces inclined to the main
plane of the side light at a suitable angle. The glass holder of the side light or other
hinged structure is also provided with a number of projections, having their upper
surfaces inclined to an angle complimentary to that of the inclined surfaces of the
cleats, and these projections are placed in such positions that by the movement of the
hinged article in a direction parallel with the axis of its hinge, the one plane shall be
wedged tight against the other plane, and thus force the side light, or other hinged
article with its lining of rubber or leather hard against the frame, I prefer to place the
usual lock fastening on a screw tangential to the circle of rotation in the case of a side
light, or parallel with the motion of translation in a rectangular frame. By screwing
the fastening in either direction, the cleats are drawn up or down the wedge-
shaped projections or vice versa and tightened, loosened or freed as required; a lever

page_text: on the moving piece can do duty instead of the screw adjustment, if desired. It will
be obvious that by slightly complicating the hinged piece and securing a sliding or
rotating piece thereon armed with the cleats or projections as the case may be, a
simple hinge and simple fastening would do, but in such case a screw, lever or other
appliance would be necessary to turn the subsidiary tightening piece, so as to bring
its cleats firm against the projections on the frame or vice versa. With rectangular
doors, this plan of a subsidiary sliding frame carrying the cleats will probably be the
favoured plan in practice, as except that the hinge must have a little play to or from
the stationary frame, the ordinary hinges and fastenings can be used, and the sub-
sidiary frame employed to produce the air tight fastenings simultaneously all round.
This will be specially useful in iron bulk head doors.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool,
& 323, High Holborn, London,
Patent Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in or relating to Ships' Side Lights and other Hinged
Articles Required to be Closed Tight all Round without Undue
Bending Strains.
I, WILLIAM MULLAN, of Marlborough Park, near Belfast, in the County of Antrim,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My said invention has for its principal object to render side lights of the common
kind more easily adjustable and less liable to damage by the breaking of the glass, and
to provide in an improved and advantageous manner, for the securing of the glass
holder to the frame of the side light. The invention is also applicable for magazine
deck scuttles and other lids and hinged structures, where it is desirable to quickly
make and break a water-tight joint. And, in order that my invention may be more
casily understood I will describe the same with reference to the accompanying
drawings.
Figure 1 is a front view showing the circular dead light open and the side light
unlocked and in position to be opened; Figure 2 shows the dead light open and the
side light locked, and Figure 2ª is a section on line A, B, of Figure 2. Figures 3 to 6
inclusive show my invention as applied to a rectangular side light, Figure 3 being a
front elevation with the side light open, Figure 4 shows the side light ready to
be locked and Figure 5 is a side elevation of Figure 4, and Figure 6 shows
the side light closed, also in side elevation.
In place of a rigid hinge, I form one with a conical pin a, and another pin a¹ set in
a line with the pin a and both made to enter cone recesses 6, 11. Or, if the motion of
adjustment is rectilinear, I make the hinge with a straight pin a, as shown in
Figures 3 to 6 inclusive, but in either case I make the two hinged parts a and b
(a and b) free to move relatively upon each other in the direction of the axis of that
hinge, whether straight or curved.
On the frame A of the side light or other hinged structure, I place projecting
cleats having their under surfaces inclined to the main plane of the side light at a
suitable angle, for instance as shown at Figure 2. The glass holder B of the side
light or other hinged structure is also provided with a number of projections d,
having their upper surfaces inclined to an angle complementary to that of the
inclined surfaces of the cleats c, and these projections d are placed in such positions
that by the movement of the hinged article or glazed frame B in a direction
parallel with the axis of its hinge, the one plane shall be wedged tightly against
the other plane and thus force the side light frame B or other hinged article with
its lining of rubber, leather, or other suitable material hard against the frame A.
I prefer to place the lock fastening E (shown in Figures I and 2) on a screw (
tangential to the circle of rotation in the case of a round side light, or if applied to a

page_text: rectangular frame parallel with the motion of translation, or an ordinary hinged
screwed bolt F and nut, Figures 3 to 6, may be employed which swings down
between two lugs on the glass holder B and on the nut being screwed up draws
up the frame B causing thus the projections to pass under the planes on the
cleats c and wedge against them. By screwing the fastening E in either direction,
the wedge-shaped projections d are drawn up or down under the cleats c, or vice
versâ, and tightened, loosened or freed as required; a lever on the moving piece or
frame B might do duty instead of the screw adjustment if desired. GG are the
hinged bolts for fastening the dead light. In order to keep the glazed frame B,
Figure 1, from dropping out of its hinges when in the open position I form one of the
hinge lugs with a horn or projection a which with its right hand side iface catches
against a lug on the frame A when the glazed frame B is opened. It will be obvious
that by slightly complicating the hinged piece or frame B and securing a sliding or
rotating pieco thereon armed with the wedge cleats or projections as the case may be
a simple hinge, and simple fastening would do, but in such a case a screw lever or
other appliance would be necessary to turn the subsidiary tightening piece, so as to
bring its wedge cleats firm against the projections on the frame A or vice versa.
With rectangular doors, this plan of a subsidiary sliding frame carrying the wedge
cleats may be employed but the hinge must then have a little play to or from the
stationary frame, the ordinary hinges and fastenings can be used, and the subsidiary
frame employed to produce the air or water-tight wedge fastenings simultaneously all
round. This will be especially useful in iron bulkhead doors.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is,-
First. Constructing ships' side lights, magazine deck scuttles, and other hinged
articles with corresponding wedge parts on the hinged frame and on the body frame
for the purpose of ensuring air-tight joint between the two frames when the wedge
parts of one are slided under the corresponding wedge parts of the other, the hinges
being formed so as to admit of such sliding action substantially as set forth.
Second. Constructing ships' side lights and other hinged articles with conical pins a
on one part and conical sockets b on the other part, the one sliding into the other in
combination with means for securing the two parts together and in combination or not
with the horn a² and lug for preventing the hinged parts from dropping apart when
in the open position substantially as described with reference to Figures 1 and 2.
Third. Constructing ships' side lights and other hinged articles with locking
appliance E arranged on the body frame and having teeth gearing into the lid or
hinged part B and made movable by means of a screw C substantially as described.
Fourth. The construction of circular ships' side lights as described. with reference
to Figures 1, 2, and 2ª.
Fifth. The construction of rectangular ship's side lights as described with reference
to Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6.
WILLIAM MULLAN.