Improvements in or relating to Pedals for Bicycles and similar Vehicles:
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Oct.. 1836.
Complete Specification Left; 25th Mar., 1897-Accepted, 19th June, 1897.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Pedals for Bicycles and similar
Vehicles:
We, MARMADUKE MATTHEWS, Artist, ALEXANDER JARDINE, Manufacturer and
AGNES JARDINE, Wife of the said Alexander Jardine; all of the Village of
Bracondale in the County of York, and Province of Ontario, Canada, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of our invention is to devise a pedal spindle and bearing which is
both simple and readily adjusted and in which all small parts are entirely dispensed
with, and it consists, essentially, in forming the adjustment on a sleeve screwed on
the inner end of the spindle and in locking the adjustable sleeve by means of a
non-revoluble nut or washer adapted to slide on the spindle and serving also as a
jamb nut to lock the spindle when screwed into the crank, and also in the
peculiar construction of the casing, substantially as hereinafter 'more specifically
described.
The spindle has a fixed cone formed thereon towards its outer end. The other
end of the spindle is preferably screw-threaded so that it may be screwed into a
suitably-threaded hole in the end of the crank. A sleeve is threaded upon the
spindle near its inner end. Upon the outer end of this sleeve is formed in whole
or part, a second cone or bearing for the second race of balls.
This bearing is formed partly by the end of the sleeve, and partly by the
inclined surface of the spindle, but by increasing the thickness of the sleeve, the
whole cone may be formed thereon and the same effect produced.
A casing is provided having cups formed thereon, forining the complementary
bearings to the cones; races of balls running in the bearings formed by these cups
and cones.
As the bearing is intended to be adjusted by the revolution of the sleeve, a
knurl is preferably formed thereon to afford a grip for the fingers.
A nut or washer is adapted to slide lengthways on the inner end of the spindle
by being provided with feather keys adapted to slide in keyways cut in the
spindle. These keyways thus permit of the nut or washer being moved longitudinally.
on the spindle, but make it non-revoluble thereon. One or both of the feather-keys
project beyond the nut and are adapted to fit into notches formed. in the opposing
face of the sleeve.
When it is desired to adjust the bearing and connect it to the crank arm, the
operator slides the nut or washer out of engagement with the sleeve. Then by
revolving the said sleeve, the bearing is adjusted to the requisite degree. Then
by sliding back the nut till its feather-keys again engage with the. notches in the
sleeve, the latter is. securely held from turning and thus spoiling the adjustment.
Four notches in the end of the sleeve will practically give a sufficient degree of
fineness of adjustment, but more may be cut as deemed advisable. After the
adjustment is thus locked, the end of the spindle may be inserted in the crank
arm and by means of a wrench applied to the nut, it may be screwed tightly into the
same till the nut, jamming between the sleeve, and the crank arm prevents further
screwing of the spindle and forms an effective lock for the same. As a further lock
between the spindle and crank arm, a set-screw may be employed, screwing into
the end of the spindle and bearing with its head against the inner side. of. the
crank arm

page_text: Many different devices may be used to make the nut or washer longitudinally
movable on the spindle, and at the same time non-revoluble thereon. An equivalent
construction may be provided in which the hole through the nut or washer is formed
with two flats. The end of the spindle is similarly formed, and the same effect is thus
produced as by the feather-keys described. In this form of nut a separate pin is driven
into the hole on the face of the nut so that by entering the notches in the sleeve, it will
answer the same purpose as the ends of the feather keys. In a modification the
feather-key system is retained, but the keys are formed integral with the body of the
nut or washer. At the same time a small projection is cast on the face of the nut to
serve the same purpose as the pin. Although it is preferable that the nut be shaped
to receive a wrench, the spindle could be screwed into the crank arm by applying a
screw driver to a slot in its outer end, the nut then practically serving merely as a
washer.
The spindle has been described as being screwed into the end of the crank arm, but
any other method of connection may be employed and a considerable portion of the
benefit of our invention retained.
The outer part of the casing is formed by a long cap, which is screwed into the end
of the casing. This construction is particularly applicable to the improved pedal shown
in our previous Application No. 20289 '95, as this pedal consists of two plates which
are clamped around the casing on each side of the projection upon it, and being
clamped around both the cap and casing the cap is held in place, by friction, when once
screwed home, thus avoiding any possibility of losing the cap through its becoming
unscrewed. The use of such an extended cap permits of the spindle being very short,
the cap forming an extension.
In the bearing construction described there are no small parts required, thus enabling
the spindle to be more economically and accurately constructed. At the same time,
the liability to damage is greatly lessened. Great simplicity is also attained by the
use of the nut or washer which serves the three-fold purpose of locking the adjustment
of the bearing, of locking the spindle to the crank arm, and of forming a means whereby
the spindle may be screwed into the crank by the simple application of a wrench,
which is a tool all cyclists carry.
Dated this 12th day of October 1896.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Pedals for Bicycles and similar
Vehicles.
We, MARMADUKE MATTHEWS, Artist, ALEXANDER JARDINE Manufacturer and
AGNES JARDINE Wife of the said Alexander Jardine all of the Village of Bracondale
in the County of York and Province of Ontario Canada, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to devise a pedal spindle and bearing which is
both simple and readily adjusted and in which all small parts are entirely dispensed
with, and it consists, essentially, in forming the adjustment on a sleeve screwed on
the inner end of the spindle and in locking the adjustable sleeve by means of a
non-revoluble nut or washer adapted to slide on the spindle and serving also as a
jamb nut to lock the spindle when screwed into the crank, and also in the
peculiar construction of the casing, substantially as hereinafter more specifically
described.
Figure 1, is a longitudinal section of a pedal spindle bearing, constructed in
accordance with our invention.

page_text: Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the clamping nut or washer.
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the adjustable sleeve.
Fig. 4 is a perspective view of an alternative form of nut or washer.
Fig. 5 is a perspective view of another alternative form of the same.
In the drawings, like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several
figures.
A is a spindle having a fixed cone B formed thereon. The other end of the
spindle is preferably screw-threaded so that it may be screwed into a suitably-
threaded hole in the end of the crank. C is a sleeve threaded upon the spindle
near its inner end. Upon the outer end of this sleeve is formed in whole or part,
a second cone or bearing D for the second race of balls.
As shown in Fig. 1 this bearing is formed partly by the end of the sleeve C, and
partly by the inclined surface of the spindle A, but by increasing the thickness of the
sleeve, the whole cone may be formed thereon and the same effect produced.
E is a casing having cups F and G, formed thereon, forming the complementary
bearings to the cones B and D. H are the races of balls running in the bearings
formed by these cups and cones.
As the bearing is intended to be adjusted by the revolution of the sleeve C, a knurl a
is preferably formed thereon to afford a grip for the fingers.
I is a nut or washer adapted to slide lengthways on the inner end of the spindle A
by being provided with feather keys b, adapted to slide in keyways c cut in the
spindle A. These keyways thus perinit of the nut or washer being moved longitu-
dinally on the spindle, but make it non-revoluble thereon. One or both of the feather-
keys project beyond the nut and are adapted to fit into notches d formed in the
opposing face of the sleeve C.
When it is desired to adjust the bearing and connect it to the crank arm, the
operator slides the nut or washer I out of engagement with the sleeve C. Then by
revolving the said sleeve, the bearing is adjusted to the requisite degree. Then
by sliding back the nut till its feather-keys again engage with the notches in the
sleeve, the latter is securely held from turning and thus spoiling the adjustment. Four
notches in the end of the sleeve will practically give a sufficient degree of fineness of
adjustment, but more may be cut as deemed advisable. After the adjustment is thus
locked, the end of the spindle may be inserted in the crank arm and by means of a
wrench applied to the nut I, it may be screwed tightly into the same till the nut,
jamming between the sleeve C, and the crank arm, prevents further screwing of the
spindle and forms an effective lock for the same. As a further lock between the
spindle and crank arm, a set-screw J may be employed, screwing into the end of
the spindle and bearing with its head against the inner side of the crank arm.
Many different devices may be used to make the nut or washer I, longitudinally
movable on the spindle, and at the same time non-revoluble thereon. An equivalent
construction is shown in Fig. 4, in which the hole through the nut or washer is
formed with two flats. The end of the spindle is similarly formed, and the same
effect is thus produced as by the feather-keys shown in Figs. 1 and 2. In this
form of nut a separate pin e is driven into the hole on the face of the nut so that
by entering the notches d in the sleeve C, it will answer the same purpose as the ends:
of the feather-keys b. In Fig. 5 the feather-key system is retained, but the keys are
formed integral with the body of the nut or washer. At the same time a small
projection is cast on the face of the nut to serve the same purpose as the pin e.
Although it is preferable that the nut I, be shaped to receive a wrench, the spindle
could be screwed into the crank arm by applying a screw driver to a slot in its outer
end, the nut then practically serving merely as a washer.
The spindle is shown and described as being screwed into the end of the crank arm,
but any other method of connection may be employed and a considerable portion of
the benefit of our invention retained.
The outer part of the casing is formed by a cap K, which is screwed into the
end of the casing A. This construction is particularly applicable to the improved
pedal shown in our previous Application for Patent No. 20289 of 1895, and consists

page_text: in two plates L, which are clamped around, the casing on each, side of the projection f
and by their friction hold the. cap. K in place when once screwed home, thus
avoiding any possibility of losing. the, cap through, its becoming unscrewed. The
use of such an, extended, cap permits, of the spindle being very short, the cap
forming an extension.. In the bearing construction shown and described, there are
no small parts required, thus enabling the spindle to be more economically and
accurately constructed. At the same time, the liability to damage is greatly lessened.
Great simplicity is also. attained by the use of the nut or washer I, which serves
the three-fold purpose of locking the adjustment of the bearing, of locking the spindle
to the crank arm, and, of forming a means whereby the spindle, may be screwed into
the crank by the simple application of a wrench, which is. a. tool all cyclists carry.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is ;-
1. In a pedal, the, combination with a spindle and a casing having ball bearings
between them, of a sleeve screwed upon the spindle and adapted to adjust the
bearing a non-revoluble nut or washer adapted to slide on the spindle and a
crank arm provided 'with a screw-threaded hole adapted to receive the similarly-
threaded end of the spindle, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
2. In a pedal, the combination with a spindle and a casing having ball bearings
between them, of a sleeve screwed upon the spindle and adapted to adjust the
bearing; a non-revoluble nut, or washer adapted to slide on the spindle, and shaped
to engage with a wrench, and a crank-arm provided with a screw-threaded hole adapted
to receive the similarly-threaded end of the spindle, substantially.as and for the purpose
:specified.
3. In a pedal, the combination with a spindle and a casing having ball bearings
between them, of a sleeve screwed upon the spindle and adapted to adjust the
bearing; a non-revoluble nut or washer adapted to slide on the spindle and having a
projection thereon adapted to engage with one or more notches in the said sleeve,
and a crank arm provided with a screw-threaded hole adapted to receive the similarly-
threaded end of the spindle, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
4. In a pedal, the combination with a spindle and a casing having ball bearings
between them, of a sleeve screwed upon the spindle and adapted to adjust the
bearing; and a non-revoluble nut or washer adapted to slide on the spindle and having
a projection thereon adapted to engage with any one of one or more notches in the
said sleeve, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
5. In a pedal, the combination with a spindle and a casing having ball bearings
between them, of a sleeve screwed upon the spindle and adapted to adjust the
bearing; a non-revoluble nut or washer adapted to slide on the spindle and having a
projection thereon adapted to engage in any one of one or more notches in the
said sleeve and a crank arm provided with a screw-threaded hole adapted to receive
the similarly-threaded end of the spindle and a set screw screwed into the end of the
spindle and bearing against the crank arm substantially as and for the purpose
specified.
6. In a pedal a spindle in combination with a casing comprising a main portion
having bearings on the spindle and a hollow extension cap removably secured thereto
to form part of the means of attachment of a plate pedal, substantially as and for the
purpose specified.
1
CM
1 1007
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicants.