Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 12th May, 1896
Complete Specification Left, 27th July, 1895-Accepted. 6th Feb.
I, EMILE PROSPER LÉON MORS, of 48 Rue du Théâtre, Paris, in the Republic
of France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The present application relates to an autocar or self-propelled vehicle
characterized by its general arrangement and particularly by the special
arrangement of the carburettor, the igniting devices and the transmission of
the motion.
In the accompanying drawings, I have shown, in principle, by way of example
only, my improved autocar or self-propelled vehicle.
Figure 1 is an elevation, and
Figure 2 a plan of the said vehicle.
Figure 3 is a front view of the motor;
Figure 4 is a detail view showing the carburettor in section.
Figures 5, 6 and 7 are also detail views showing the mechanism for the
transmission of motion in plan, and in horizontal and vertical sections
respectively.
Like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawings.
My improved autocar or self-propelled vehicle comprises a suitable frame
mounted on three or four wheels, of which two are driving wheels and either one
or two are steering wheels.
In the accompanying drawing I have shown a vehicle with two steering
wheels a, arranged in front and controlled by means of a vertical standard or
steering rod b acting on the axles of these two wheels by means of the connecting
rods c.
The steering axes, or the axes about which these wheels turn when the vehicle
is steered, can be vertical or inclined so that their prolongation passes through a
point more or less near to the point of contact of the wheel with the ground, so
that the effect of a shock or concussion on the wheel and its reaction on the
steering axis may be reduced or annulled.
The driving wheels d can be independently mounted or fixed on the same
driving-axle, which may be provided, if desired, with differential gear for enabling
the vehicle to be easily manoeuvred.
The motor which I employ is a petroleum or spirit motor which may have one,
two, three or four cylinders.
The type shown in the drawing is provided with two cylinders e arranged
opposite to each other, with their pistons acting on the same crank-shaft f; the
pistons are keyed or otherwise secured thereon at an angle of 180 degrees to each
other, so that, in each revolution of this shaft f, the two pistons first approach and
then recede from one another.
It must be understood, however, that the pistons can also be arranged to drive
the crank-shaft f by being placed side by side.
The crank-shaft is supported by a central frame on which are secured or fitted
the bearings in which this shaft turns.

page_text: The shaft drives, by means of toothed gearing, at one-half of its own velocity,
a second shaft g carried by the same central frame.
The shaft g is the shaft from which the various devices are worked, and is
provided, for this purpose, with cams which actuate the valves and the electric
generator for the ignition of the explosive mixture.
The two cylinders are bolted to the central frame and are each formed with a
valve-chest e at their rear end.
Each cylinder is provided with an inlet valve operating by simple depression
or reduction of pressure in the cylinder, and an exhaust-valve controlled by the
rod i, on the end of which acts one of the cams, keyed, as hereinafter mentioned,
on the shaft g.
The motor can be cooled, either by water-circulation, or by the ribs or fins e³
which are either cast on or fitted to the apparatus.
Each piston, when receding from the bottom of the cylinder, draws in, by the
valve h, a volume of air which is carburetted by passing through a special
apparatus hereinafter mentioned; this volume of gas is then compressed when the
piston returns, and afterwards the ignition is effected by an electric spark or in
any other suitable manner.
The piston is then driven forward, reaches the end of its travel, and returns,
moved back by the connecting rod, which is now moved by the crank-shaft and
fly-wheel. At this moment the cam keyed on the shaft g opens the exhaust
valve h' and the burnt gases are expelled.
The explosions in the two cylinders can take place either simultaneously, or
successively at any desired interval, according to the relative position of the cranks
on the shaft.
The ignition is effected by means of a dynamo-electric machine j, operated by
the motor; the current from this dynamo-electric machine passes through an
extra-current coil k and the circuit is completed in the interior of each of the two
cylinders by an internal movable contact-piece l and an insulated rod m.
Each contact-piece l, which is movable about an axis n, is operated by a rod o,
itself driven by the cams p', p³ keyed on the shaft g, Figure 3.
When an explosion is to take place in one of the cylinders e, the cam pl acts on
the rod o corresponding to the other cylinder, the circuit being closed by the
contact-piece of the second cylinder, when there will be no spark, Figure 3; the
cam p then acting on the rod o of the first cylinder, the circuit is there broken
and the extra-current spark passes between the contact-piece and the end of the
insulated rod m in this cylinder and thus causes the explosion; the two contact-
pieces afterwards fall into place again by reason of the rotation of the cams p', p².
By varying the position of the cams p', p² on the shaft g, the time at which the
explosion takes place can be made either earlier or later relatively to the position
of the piston.
The electric current can be produced either by means of a dynamo-electric
machine or a battery, an accumulator or any other suitable source.
The
The carburetting apparatus, Figure 4, comprises a receptacle q into which the
spirit is conducted through a passage r and pipe s from the feed-reservoir t.
passager is provided at its end with a cone u ribbed internally, and into which it
opens through the apertures .
The air, drawn in by the reduction of pressure produced by the suction of the
piston, enters by the pipe v and passes into the interior of the cone u where it
vaporises the spirit contained therein.
A plug or cover renders it possible to vary the quantity of air drawn-in,
relatively to the quantity of spirit vaporised, and a valve y enables the carburetted
air drawn in by the piston to be more or less rarefied; this valve can be operated
by hand or by means of a centrifugal or other governor driven by the machine
itself.
The level of the spirit in the cone is maintained constant at the height of the
apertures, since the level of the liquid in the feed-reservoir t is always kept at

page_text: he same height as these apertures. For this purpose the reservoir t, which is
upplied from another reservoir whence the spirit is led by the pipe 2, contains a
Hoat t bearing a needle-valve 2 which will arrest the entrance of petroleum if the
level rises.
In cases where heavier spirits or oils are used, the carburettors can be heated by
means of a lamp, by the exhaust gases, or in any other suitable manner.
The driving-shaft ftransmits its motion by means of a pinion 1 and one of the
bevel-wheels 2, 2¹ to the shaft 3 which is connected to the shaft 4 by speed-cones
whereby the velocity of the vehicle can be varied as required; this shaft 4 bears
at each end, or, if desired at one end only, a pinion 5 over which passes a chain 6
driving a toothed-wheel 7 attached to the hub of the driving-wheel d. The two
shafts, 3 and 4, each bear a stepped cone 8, 9; these two cones are arranged in
opposite directions, in such a manner that the same length of belt can be used on
all the different steps of the cones. The several steps of the cones are connected
together by inclined surfaces.
For shifting the belt from one step to another, I have devised a special arrange-
meut, in which the fork, which causes the belt to descend from one step to another,
always acts first, whilst the fork which causes it to rise acts afterwards. The two
forks 10, 11 are mounted on two bars 12, 13 capable of sliding relatively to one
another between two guides 14 and 15. These two bars are each provided with a
slide 16, 17 through which passes a pin 18, fixed on a piece 19 capable of being
displaced between the two bars 12, 13.
These latter are connected together by a spiral spring 20, which continually
tends to bring them back to a position such that the two forks are in line with or
form prolongations of one another.
The piece 19 bears at its free end a pin 21, which engages with one of the links
of a chain 22, which passes over two guide-pulleys 23.
Under these conditions, if a movement in the direction of the arrow in Figure 5
of the drawing be imparted, by suitable actuating gear, to the chain, the piece 19
will draw with it the bar 12 without acting directly on the bar 13; in this motion
the fork 10 shifts the belt from the step A to the step B, but in consequence of the
displacement of the bar 12, the spring 20 is put in tension, and when the bar 12
reaches the end of its travel, the tension of the spring 20 is sufficient to move the
second bar 13 and thus bring the second fork 11 up to the first, which motion shifts
the belt from the step C to the step D.
On the contrary, the speed of the vehicle is diminished, if the chain be drawn in
the opposite direction; the bar 13 will be moved first and the belt will be shifted
first from the step D to the step C and then from the step B to the step A.
The chain 22 can be actuated in any suitable manner. The forward or backward
motion of the vehicle can be effected by means of a handle 24 and a clutch enabling
either the wheel 2 or the wheel 2¹ to be put into gear.
My improved vehicle can moreover, be provided with a suitable brake.
I desire it to be understood that I can employ these various improvements,
either together, or separately, and that I can modify the form thereof and the
details according to each particular case.
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 and 12 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Figure 4 is a detail view showing the carburettor in section.
Figures 5, 6 and 7 are also detail views showing the mechanism for the
transmission of motion, in plan, and in horizontal and vertical sections
respectively.
Referring to the drawing filed with this Complete Specification Figure 4 shows
a portion of Figure 4 drawn to an enlarged scale, and
Figure 8 is a diagram showing the electric circuits.
Like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawings.
My improved "autocar" or self-propelled vehicle comprises a suitable frame
mounted on three or four wheels, of which two are driving-wheels and either one
or two are steering-wheels.
In the accompanying drawing I have shown a vehicle with two steering-
wheels a, arranged in front and controlled by means of a vertical standard or
steering-rod b acting on the axles of these two wheels by means of the connecting
rods c.
The steering-axes, or the axes about which these wheels turn when the vehicle
is steered, can be vertical or inclined so that their prolongation passes through a
point more or less near to the point of contact of the wheel with the ground, so
that the effect of a shock or concussion on the wheel and its reaction on the
steering-axis may be reduced or annulled.
The driving-wheels d can be independently mounted or fixed on the same driving-
axle, which may be provided, if desired, with differential gear for enabling the
vehicle to be easily maneuvred.
The motor which I employ is a petroleum or spirit motor which may have one,
two, three or four cylinders.
The type shown in the drawing is provided with two cylinders e arranged
opposite to each other, with their pistons acting on the same crank-shaft f; the
cranks are keyed or otherwise secured thereon at an angle of 180 degrees to each
other, so that, in each revolution of this shaft f, the two pistons first approach and
then recede from each other.
It must be understood, however, that the pistons can also be arranged to drive the
crank-shaft by being placed side by side.
The crank-shaft f, is supported by a central frame on which are secured or fitted
the bearings in which this shaft turns.
The shaft drives, by means of toothed gearing, at one-half of its own velocity,
a second shaft g carried by the same central frame.

page_text: The shaft is the shaft from which the various devices are worked, an 1, for this
purpose, has keyed thereon cams which actuate the valves and the electric generator
for the ignition of the explosive mixture.
The two cylinders are bolted to the central frame and are each formed with a
valve-chest eat their rear end.
Each cylinder is provided with an inlet-valve & operating by simple depression
or reduction of pressure in the cylinder, and an exhaust-valve h¹ controlled by the
rod i, on the end of which aets one of the cams keyed, as above mentioned, on
the shaft g.
The motor can be cooled, either by water-circulation, or by means of ribs or
fins which are either cast on or fitted to the a piratus.
Each piston, when receding from the bottom of the cylinder, draws in, by the
valve h, a volume of air which is carburetted by passing through a special apparatus
hereinafter described; this volume of gas is then compressed when the piston
returns, and afterwards the ignition is effected by an electric spark or in any other
suitable manner.
The piston is then driven forward, reaches the end of its travel, and returns
moved back by the connecting rod, which is now moved by the crank-shaft and fly-
wheel. At this moment the cam keyed on the shaft g opens the exhaust valve h¹
and the burnt gases are expelled.
The explosions in the two cylinders can take place either simultaneously, or
successively at any desired interval, according to the relative position of the cranks
on the shaft.
The ignition is effected by means of a dynamo-electric machine j, operated by
the motor; the current from this dynamo-electric machine passes through an
extra-current coil k and the circuit is completed in the interior of each of
the two cylinders by an internal movable contact-piece or l, and an insulated
rod m or m'.
Each contact-piece 1, l', which is movable about an axis n, n', is operated by a
rod o, o itself driven by a cam p¹, p' keyed on the shaft g, Figure 3.
When an explosion is to take place in one of the cylinders e, say the left-hand
cylinder in Figures 3 and 8, the circuit is first interrupted in the other cylinder
by the cam acting on the rod o' when there will be no spark; the circuit is then
interrupted in the cylinder in which the explosion is to take place, by the cam p²
acting on the rod o (Figure 8); at this moment the extra-current spark passes
between the contact-piece 7 and the end of the insulated rod m in this cylinder and
thus causes the explosion; the two contact-pieces afterwards fall into place again
by reason of the rotation of the cams pl, p. By varying the position of the
cams p', p² on the shaft g, the time at which the explosion takes place can be made
either earlier or later relatively to the position of the piston.
The electric current can be produced either by means of a dynamo-electric
machine or by a battery or an accumulator or be obtained from any other suitable
source.
The carburetting apparatus, Figure 4, comprises a receptacle q into which the
spirit is conducted through a passager and pipe s from the feed-reservoir t. The
passager is provided at its end with a cone u ribbed internally, and into which it
opens through the apertures r¹.
The air, drawn in by the reduction of pressure produced by the suction of the
piston, enters by the pipe and passes into the interior of the cone u where it
vaporises the spirit contained therein.
A plug or cover renders it possible to vary the quantity of air drawn in,
relatively to the quantity of spirit vaporised, and a valve y enables the carburetted
air drawn in by the piston to be more or less rarefied; this valve can be
operated by hand or by means of a centrifugal or other governor driven by the
machine itself.
The level of the spirit in the cone is maintained constant at the height of the
apertures r, since the level of the liquid in the feed-reservoir is always kept at

page_text: the same height as these apertures . For this purpose the reservoir t, which
is supplied from another reservoir whence the spirit is led by the pipe z, contains
a float t, bearing a needle-valve 2 which will arrest the entrance of petroleum if
the level rises.
In cases where heavier spirits or oils are used, the carburettors can be
heated by means of a lamp, by the exhaust gases, or in any other suitable
manner.
The driving-shaft transmits its motion by means of a pinion 1 and one of the
bevel-wheels 2, 2 to the shaft 3 which is connected to the shaft 4 by speel-
cones whereby the velocity of the vehicle can be varied as required; this shaft 4
bears at each end, or, if desired, at one end only, a pinion 5 over which passes a
chain 6 driving a toothed-wheel 7 attached to the hub of the driving-wheel d.
The two shafts, 3 and 4, each bear a stepped cone 8, 9; these two cones are
arranged in inverse positions, so that the same length of belt can be used on all the
different steps of the cones. The several steps of the cones are connected together
by inclined surfaces.
For shifting the belt from one step to another, I have devised a special
arrangement, in which the fork, which causes the belt to descend from one step
to another, always acts first, whilst the fork which causes it to rise acts afterwards.
The two forks 10, 11 are mounted on two bars 12, 13 capable of sliding relatively
to one another between two guides 14 and 15. These two bars are each provided
with a slide 16, 17 through which passes a pin 18, fixed on a piece 19 capable of
being displaced between the two bars 12, 13.1
These fatter are connected together by a spiral spring 20, which continually tends
to bring them back to a position such that the two forks are in line with or form
prolongations of one another.
The piece 19 bears at its free end a pin 21, engaging with one of the links of a
chain 22, which passes over two guide-pulleys 23.
Under these conditions, if a movement in the direction of the arrow in Figure 5
of the drawing be imparted, by suitable actuating gear, to the chain, the piece 19
will draw with it the bar 12 without acting directly on the bar 13; in this motion
the fork 10 shifts the belt from the step A to the step B, but in consequence of the
displacement of the bar 12, the spring 20 is put in tension, and when the bar 12
reaches the end of its travel, the tension of the spring 20 is sufficient to move the
second bar 13 and thus bring the second fork 11 up to the first, which motion shifts
the belt from the step C to the step D.
On the contrary, the speed of the vehicle is diminished, if the chain be drawn
in the opposite direction; the bar 13 will be moved first and the belt will
be shifted first from the step D to the step C and then from the step B to the
step A.
The chain 22 can be actuated in any suitable manner. The forward or backward
motion of the vehicle can be effected by means of a handle 24 and a clutch enabling
either the wheel 2 or the wheel 2' to be put into gear.
My improved vehicle can, moreover, be provided with a suitable brake.
I desire it to be understood that I can employ these various improvements, either
together, or separately, and that I can modify the form thereof and the details
according to cach particular case.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. The herein described improved means of igniting the gaseous mixture in
the explosion engine by the interruption of an electric current traversing an
extra-current coil.
Second. The carburettor comprising a receptacle in which the spirit, supplied
from a constant-level feed-reservoir, is discharged into a striated cone through
apertures at the extremity of a pipe which is also immersed in the said feed-

page_text: reservoir, the said apertures being arranged at the same level as that of the liquid
in the feed-reservoir, substantially as described.
Third. The improved means of controlling the transmission of motion through
variable-speed cones, permitting the fork which causes the belt to descend from
one cone to the next to always act first, and the fork which causes it to rise to act
second, substantially as described.
Fourth. The improved self-propelled vehicle constructed with the explosion engine
or motor and the carburettor, substantially as described with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
D
'ו
CT1000
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 & 12 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.