IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER HEATERS AND PURIFIERS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Lloyd Wise, of 7, Whitehall Place, in the City
"
of Westminster, for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER HEATERS
AND PURIFIERS." A communication from abroad by Gustavus Hermann
Zschech, of Indianapolis, in the County of Marion and State of Indiana, one
of the United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Lloyd Wise at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th August 1880.;
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 7, Whitehall Place, in the City of Westminster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER HEATERS AND PURIFIERS." A communication from
abroad by Gustavus Hermann Zschech, of Indianapolis, in the County of Marion
and State of Indiana, one of the United States of America.
The Invention is intended more particularly for use in connection with steam
boilers and engines, and in heating the feed water by heat derived from the
exhaust steam. The conditions induced are peculiarly favorable for the purification
of the water from foreign matter.
The water being heated to the temperature of the exhaust steam, is ready to part
with its foreign matter. It is given a liberal opportunity to do so by settling in
the bottom of the heater.
The water is introduced into a deep pool in the gentlest practicable manner,
being sprinkled down from the heating devices above.
The water is taken out through an extended strainer, which forms a deep belt,
completely enclosing the upper part of the pool.
In the heating apparatus the water is exposed to the contact of the steam with
repeated gentle agitations in its descent, which causes every part to be very
thoroughly exposed to the heating devices.
In carrying out the Invention a suitable case or shell is employed, a little within
which is another case, extending by preference about half way down. The space
between these cases is closed at the bottom but open at the top. Feed water is
received through pipes from below, and being delivered into the space between the
two cases fills the same, and flows inward over the top rim of the inner shell.
The top rim of the inner shell is formed with an inwardly projecting lip.

page_text: Exhaust steam is received through a pipe at a lower point in the casing. Its
inner end is bent smoothly upward, so as to direct the steam up in the centre of
the vessel.
A hollow cone is mounted a little above the point of discharge. The water
dripping from above is shed off by the cone, and cannot enter the passage for the
introduction of the exhaust steam. The exhaust steam is thrown up against the
underside of the cone and spread in all directions, filling the interior of the apparatus
with a gentle but actively circulating current of steam.
In the space above I mount sheet metal cones with attachments, which spread
the water received at the top, and expose it many times and thoroughly to the
contact of the steam.
The water flowing inward over the rim of the inner shell is caught in an inverted
cone, which is formed with a rim or peripherical lip, and with several concentrical
ledges or dams on its upper face. The middle has a large opening with a hanging
lip, through which the water after accumulating and passing inward through the
several concentric pools thus formed falls downward upon an upright cone formed
with a central pipe extending upward, and with a series of concentric ledges or
dams.
The water moves outward on the upright cone, passing through the several
concentric pools formed by the ledges or dams and the rim. It falls off the
periphery into a second inverted cone, which cone leads it inward towards the
centre, and discharges it down upon another upright cone, which again leads it
outward.
As many of the cones as are necessary are employed to thoroughly heat the
water. Whatever number is employed they are so arranged as to nearly fill the
interior of the vessel, but allow liberal spaces for the steam to rise past the cones,
and be brought in contact with the water thereon.
The lower cone is by preference supported by brackets extending in from the
inner shell and the other cones resting thereon, the forms being such that the
water and steam is allowed to freely circulate. Each cone or series of cones may
be supported by independent brackets if preferred.
The hanging lip is by preference a stellated frustrum of a cone, and supports the
cones above it, at the same time by its stellular shape allowing a free circulation of
the water and steam.
A notched surface at the base of each of the upright cones is adapted to allow a
free movement of water and steam under the edge. A similar form may be
adopted at the base of each of the hanging lips.
The lower portion of the heater may be so constructed that the feed water
before entering the end of the space between the external and internal cases or
shells is circulated through a coil enclosed in an annular hot water chamber exterior
of the main case, but instead of carrying a pipe up on the outside of the device it
is by preference carried on the inside; this makes the apparatus more compact and
sightly.
The bottom is by preference formed slightly lower in the centre, and provided
with a connection controlled by a stop cock or valve. By opening this I discharge
the mud or sediment at intervals.
The top of the apparatus has a discharge nozzle near one side, which connects
by a pipe, which is practically a continuation of the exhaust pipe of the engine,
and leads to the roof or other final discharge.
A large portion of the remainder of the top is by preference in the form of a
removable cover, which is preferably of a semicircular shape.
The several cones may be taken out through the top on removing this cover for
cleaning or repairs.
The Invention is eminently fitted to serve with water which carries foreign
matter, either dissolved or in a state of mechanical suspension. Matter mechanically
held is deposited effectually in the bottom, and perfect decantation is obtained by

page_text: the gradual extraction of the purified water through the large area of. the removable
filtering material as it passes out.
It will be understood that the water is pumped or otherwise extracted through
any suitable pipe from the outer chamber to be used in the boiler, or wherever hot
and pure water may be required.
If there is carbonate of lime or other foreign matter dissolved in the water such
portion as is yielded up on the heating of the water has an opportunity to
accumulate freely in the form of scale or otherwise on the extended surfaces of the
cones and their attachments. Easily removable material, as gravel or the like, or
a porous substance, such as coke, may be introduced on the cones and held in place
by several dams as additional surface on which the lime may gather and prevent
its accumulating in the boiler.
A glass tube water gauge may be employed connecting at the lower end with
the water pool below, and at the upper end above the filtering belt; or an
automatic stop cock may be used to regulate the height of water in the pool, and
insure constant immersion of the filtering material.
The object of the annular spaces in combination with the coil pipe is to gradually
heat the inducted water to a moderate temperature within the limits of the heat
at which the crystallizable impurities are deposited, but not to such a degree as to
cause the separation of its impurities, and their consequent deposit in the coil pipe
and annular spaces, so as to obstruct the free passage of the water in those parts
of the apparatus, and that it will be in a condition at first coming in direct contact
with the steam the sooner to attain the required temperature to deposit the
salts, &c.
Parts of the Invention may be used without the others.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Lloyd Wise in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th
February 1881.
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 7, Whiteball Place, in the City of Westminster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER HEATERS AND PURIFIERS." (A. communication from
abroad by Gustavus Hermann Zschech, of Indianapolis, in the County of Marion
and State of Indiana, one of the United States of America.)
The Invention is intended more particularly for use in connection with steam
boilers and engines, and in heating the feed water by heat derived from the
exhaust steam. The conditions induced are peculiarly favorable for the purification
of the water from foreign matter.
The water being heated to the temperature of the exhaust steam is ready to part
with its foreign matter. It is given a liberal opportunity to do so by settling in
the bottom of the heater.
The water is introduced into a deep pool in the gentlest practicable manner, being
sprinkled down from the heating devices above.
The water is taken out through an extended strainer which forms a deep belt,
completely enclosing the upper part of the pool.
In the heating apparatus the water is exposed to the contact of the steam with
repeated gentle agitations in its descent, which causes every part to be very
thoroughly exposed to the heating devices.
In carrying out the Invention a suitable case or shell is employed, a little within
which is another case extending, by preference, about half way down.
The space
between these cases is closed at the bottom but open at the top. Feed water is
received through pipes from below, and being delivered into the space between the
two cases, fills the same and flows inward over the top rim of the inner shell. The
top rim of the inner shell is formed with an inwardly projecting lip.
Exhaust steam is received through a pipe at a lower point in the casing. Its
inner end is bent smoothly upward so as to direct the steam up in the centre of
the vessel.
A hollow case is mounted a little above the point of discharge. The water
dripping from above is shed off by the cone and cannot enter the passage for the
introduction of the exhaust steam; the exhaust steam is thrown up against the
underside of the cone and spread in all directions, filling the interior of the apparatus
with a gentle but actively circulating current of steam.
In the space above I mount sheet metal cones with attachments which spread
the water received at the top and expose it many times and thoroughly to the
contact of the steam.
The water flowing inward over the rim of the inner shell is caught in an inverted
cone which is formed with a rim or peripherical lip, and with several concentrical
ledges or dams on its upper face. The middle has a large opening with a hanging
lip through which the water, after accumulating and passing inward through the
several concentric pools thus formed, falls downward upon an upright cone formed
with a central pipe extending upward, and with a series of concentric ledges or
dame.
The water moves outward on the upright cone, passing through the several pools
formed by the ledges or dams and the rim. It falls off the periphery into a second
inverted cone, which cone leads it inward towards the centre and discharges it
down upon another upright cone, which again leads it outward.
As many of the cones as are necessary are employed to thoroughly beat the

page_text: water.
Whatever number is employed they are so arranged as to nearly fill
the interior of the vessel, but allow liberal spaces for the steam to rise past the cones
and be brought in contact with the water therein.
The lower cone is, by preference, supported by brackets extending from the
inner shell and the other cones resting thereon, the forms being such that the
water and steam is allowed to freely circulate.
Each cone or series of cones may be supported by independent brackets if
preferred.
The hanging lip is, by preference, a stellated frustrum of a cone, and supports
the cones above it, at the same time by its stellular shape allowing a free circulation
of the water and steam.
A notched surface at the base of each of the upright cones is adapted to allow a
free movement of water and steam under the edge. A similar form may be adopted
at the base of each of the hanging lips.
The lower portion of the heater may be so constructed that the feed water, before
entering the end of the space between the external and internal cases or shells, is
circulated through a coil enclosed in an annular hot water chamber exterior of the
main case, but instead of carrying a pipe upon the outside of the device it is, by
preference, carried on the inside. This makes the apparatus more compact and
sightly.
The bottom is, by preference, formed slightly lower in the centre, and provided
with a connection controlled by a stop-cock or valve. By opening this the mud or
sediment is discharged at intervals.
The top of the apparatus has a discharge nozzle near one side which connects by
a pipe, which is practically a continuation of the exhaust pipe of the engine, and
leads to the roof or other final discharge.
A large portion of the remainder of the top is, by preference, in the form of a
removable cover which is preferably of a semicircular shape.
The several cones may be taken out through the top on removing this cover for
cleaning or repairs.
The Invention is eminently fitted to serve with water which carries foreign
matter either dissolved or in a state of mechanical suspension. Matter mechanically
held is deposited effectually in the bottom, and perfect decantation is obtained by
the gradual extraction of the purified water through the large area of the removable
filtering material as it passes out.
It will be understood that the water is pumped or otherwise extracted through
any suitable pipe from the outer chamber, to be used in the boiler or wherever hot
and pure water may be required.
If there is carbonate of lime or other foreign matter dissolved in the water, such
portion as is yielded up on the lieating of the water has an opportunity to accumulate
freely, in the form of scale or otherwise, on the extended surfaces of the cones and
their attachments. Easily removable material, as gravel or the like, or a porous
substance such as coke,. inay be introduced on the cones and held in place by
several dams, as additional surface on which the lime may gather and prevent its
accumulating in the boiler.
A glass tube water gauge may be employed, connecting at the lower end with
the water pool below, and at the upper end above the filtering belt.
Or an
automatic stop-cock may be used to regulate the height of water in the pool, and
insure constant immersion of the filtering material.
The object of the annular spaces in combination with the coil pipe is to gradually
heat the inducted water to a moderate temperature within the limits of the heat at
which the crystallizable impurities are deposited, but not to such a degree as to
cause the separation of its impurities and consequent deposit in the coil pipe and
annular spaces, so as to obstruct the free passage of the water in those parts of the
apparatus; and that it will be in a condition at first coming in direct contact

page_text: with the steam the sooner to attain the required temperature to deposit the
salts, etc.
Parts of my Invention may be used without the others.
But that the Invention may be fully understood, I will proceed to describe the
same more in detail by the aid of the accompanying Drawing which forms part
of this Specification, and which represents a central vertical section of the apparatus
partly in elevation.
Referring to the letters of reference on the Drawing, A is the upper part of a
cylindrical case or shell, a little within which is another case B extending about
half way down. The annular space f, between, is closed at the bottom but open
at the top.
Feed water is received through the pipe M from below, as shown, and
being delivered into the space f, fills it, and flows inward over the top rim of the
inner shell B. The top rim is formed with an inwardly projecting lip B', as
shown.
Its
Exhaust steam is received through a pipe H at a lower point in the casing.
inner end is bent smoothly upward so as to direct the steam up in the centre of the
vessel.
I is a hollow cone mounted a little above the point of discharge. The water
dripping from above is shed off by the cone and cannot enter the passage H; the
exhaust steam is thrown up against the under side of this cone, and spread in all
directions, filling the interior of the apparatus with a gentle but actively circulating
current of steam.
In the space above are mounted sheet metal cones with attachments, which
spread the water received at the top, and expose it many times and thoroughly to
the contact of the steam.
The water flowing inward over the rim B¹ is caught in an inverted cone K,
which is formed with a rim or peripheral lip K¹, and with several concentrical
ledges or dams K² on its upper face. The middle has a large opening with a
hanging lip K³, through which the water, after accumulating and passing inward
through the several concentric pools thus formed, falls downward upon the upright
cone L, formed with a central pipe L' extending upward, and with a series of
concentric dams L. The water moves outward on this cone L, passing through
the several concentric pools formed by the dams L2 and rim L³. It falls off the
periphery into a second inverted cone K, which leads it inward towards the centre,
and discharges it down upon another upright cone L, which again leads it outward.
As many of these cones are used as are necessary to thoroughly heat the water.
Three sets are shown. Whatever the number, they are arranged as shown, so as to
nearly fill the interior of the vessel, but allow liberal spaces for the steam to rise
past the cones and be brought in contact with the water thereon.
The lower cone L is shown supported by brackets 7, extending inward from the
shell B, and the other cones resting thereon, the forms being such that the water
and steam is allowed to freely circulate. Each cone or pair of cones can be supported
by independent brackets if preferred.
The hanging lip K³ is a stellated frustrum of a cone, and supports the cones above
it, at the same time by its stellated shape allowing a free circulation of the water
and steam.
The notched outline indicated in dotted lines is adapted at the base of each of
the upright cones L to allow a free movement of water and steam under the edge.
The same form may be adopted, if preferred, at the base of each hanging lip K³.
The feed water before entering into the end of the space f may be circulated
through a coil enclosed in the annular hot-water chamber exterior to the casing A;
in this case the pipe M is carried up on the outside of the device, I carry it on
the inside. This makes the apparatus more compact and sightly. The space
occupied by the pipe in the interior of the apparatus is too slight to be appreciable,
and the warmth received by the water in circulating through the coil in the
chamber g is preserved and increased. The bottom N is made slightly lower in the

page_text: centre, and provided in the centre with a connection N¹ controlled by a stop cock or
valve N. By opening this the mud is discharged at intervals.
The top of the apparatus has a discharge nozzle near one side which connects by
a pipe H, which is practically a continuation of the exhaust pipe of the engine
and leads to the roof or other final discharge not represented. A large portion of
the remainder of the top is in the form of a removable cover A2, which is, preferably,
of a semi-circular shape. The several cones may be taken out through the top on
removing this cover for cleaning or repairs.
The Invention is eminently fitted to serve with water which carries foreign
matter, either dissolved or in a state of mechanical suspension. Matter mechanically.
held is deposited effectually in the bottom, and perfect decantation is obtained by
the gradual extraction of the purified water through the large area of removable
filtering material P as it passes out through the holes represented into the chamber g.
It will be understood that the water is pumped, or otherwise extracted, through
any suitable pipe from the outer chamberg to be used in the boiler, or wherever
hot and pure water may be required.
If there is carbonate of lime or other foreign matter dissolved in the water, such
portion as is yielded up on the heating of the water has an opportunity to
accumulate freely in the form of scale, or otherwise, on the extended surfaces of the
cones K, L, and their attachments K1, K2, K³, L1, L2, L³. Easily removable
material, as gravel or the like, or a porous substance such as coke, may be
introduced on the cones, held in place by the several dams K³, L2, as additional
surface on which the lime may gather and prevent its accumulating in the boiler.
I use a glass tube water-gauge connected at the lower end with the water pool
below, and at the upper end above the filtering belt. Or an automatic stop-cock
may be used to regulate the height of water in the pool and insure the constant
immersion of the filtering material.
The object of the annular spaces or chambers, in combination with the coiled
pipe, is to gradually heat the inducted water to a moderate temperature within the
limits of the heat at which the crystallizable impurities are deposited, but not to
such a degree as to cause the separation of its impurities and their consequent
deposit in the coiled pipe and annular spaces so as to obstruct the free passage of
the water in those parts of the apparatus; and that it will be in a condition at first
coming in direct contact with the steam the sooner to attain the required tempe- .
rature to deposit the salts, etc.
Modifications may be made in the forms and proportions within wide limits.
Parts of the Invention may be used with advantage without the others. I can
dispense with the chamber f, and by extending up the pipe M, discharge the water
directly from it into the upper inverted cone K. I can dispense with the coil in
the chamber g and pump, or otherwise induct the cold water into the chamber f,
or into the upper cone K, without any previous warming, but I prefer all the parts
used together, as here shown.
Having thus described the Invention, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the exact details, as shown and described, so long as the peculiar
characteristics of the Invention be retained, substantially as described; but what
I do claim is,
First. In a water-heater and purifier, the alternately reversed cones K, L, in
combination with each other and with the casing A, having connections for the
receipt and discharge of steam and water, as herein specified.
Second. The tops L¹ on the cones L arranged, as shown, to lead the steam
upward without distributing or affecting the descent of the water around it, as
herein specified.
Third. The rims K³, L³, and ledges K², L2, adapted to serve either alone or with
contained gravel, or the like, as herein specified.
Fourth. The combination of the cones K, K¹, K², K³, L, L', L2, L³, with each other,
the enclosing case B of larger diameter, and with the steam induction pipe H, and
shield or cone I, arranged for joint operation, as herein specified.

page_text: Fifth. In a water heater and purifier having two annular chambers g, f, one
above the other, as shown, the arrangement of the connecting pipe M on the
interior of the main casing A, as and for the purposes herein specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Lloyd Wise, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred & eighty one.
W. LLOYD WISE. (1.5.)