TWOBARDMOR IN MANOR OF PIAMENme
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Edward Tennison Woods, of Camberwell
Grove, in the County of Surrey, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of
TWOBARDMOR IN MANOR OF PIAMENme"
Sealed the 14th December 1866, and dated the 18th June 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Edward Tennison
Woods at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 18th June 1866.
I, JOHN EDWARD TENNISON WOODS, of Camberwell Grove, in the County
of Surrey, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PIGMENTS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the manufacture of pig-
ments having a metallic base of lead. I propose to utilize the condensed or
deposited fumes of lead from lead furnaces, known as lead soot or sublimated
lead, by converting the same into a chloride of lead. I effect this object by

page_text: treating the sublimated lead or lead soot with heated muriatic acid, or by
treating the lead soot in combination with a saline chloride, such as the
chloride of sodium or common salt, whereby the chlorine having a greater
affinity for the metallic than the earthy base will form a chloride of lead,
which being dissolved in hot water, and the lead precipitated therefrom, will
leave a white pigment suitable for various useful purposes to which pigments
are applied.
With regard to the precipitation of the lead I will not enumerate the
various well-known re-agents for effecting or causing a precipitate of lead. I
make use of any of them, merely electing a special re-agent in order to
produce the color of pigment desired.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Edward Tennison Woods in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 18th December 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
EDWARD TENNISON WOODS, of Camberwell Grove, in the County of Surrey,
Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said John Edward Tennison Woods, Her special licence that
I, the said John Edward Tennison Woods, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Edward Tennison
Woods, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF PIGMENTS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said John Edward Tennison Woods, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to

page_text: be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Edward Tennison Woods, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
My Invention relates to certain improvements in the manufacture of pig-
ments having a metallic base of lead. I propose to utilizo the condensed or
deposited fumes of lead from lead furnaces, such deposit being known as
lead soot or sublimated lead, by converting the same into a chloride of
lead.
One method of effecting this object is to treat the sublimated lead or lead
soot with heated muriatic acid, or to treat the lead soot in combination with
a saline chloride, such as the chloride of sodium or common salt, whereby
the chlorine, having a greater affinity for the metallic than the earthy base,
will form a chloride of lead, which being dissolved in water and the lead
precipitated therefrom, will leave a white pigment suitable for various useful
purposes to which pigments are applied.
Any of the various well-known re-agents may be used for precipitating
the lead, according to the color of the pigment or the nature of the residue
required.
Another method I adopt consists in calcining the lead soot at a low heat
by placing or spreading the sublimated lead within a reverberatory furnace,
and subjecting it to heat, whereby it becomes converted into a white oxide of
lead and sulphate of lead. During this operation care must be taken not to
permit too high a degree of heat, otherwise the lead soot would be converted
into a flux, and run into slag. When the sublimated lead has been calcined
and converted into a white oxide, I convert it into a chloride by heating it in
hydrochloric acid. Or I mix the calcined lead soot with a solution of
common salt or other saline chloride, and leave it to stand in a cold or heated
state, and thereby 1 convert the oxide into an oxychloride of lead, and leave
as a residue soda or other alkali; I then treat the oxychloride thus produced
with an extra quantity of hydrochloric acid, and thereby convert it into a
chloride of lead.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be carried into effect, I would remark that I do not
limit myself to any precise proportions in which the ingredients specified are
to be used, since such proportions must be regulated by the laws of chemical

page_text: equivalents subject to the qualities of the different materials; but what I
claim is, the application of the sublimated lead or lead soot for the purpose
of manufacturing pigments substantially as herein specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Edward Tennison Woods, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of December,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
Witness,
JOHN EDWARD TENNISON WOODS. (L.S.)
J. C. H. SIEVIER,
Clerk to Messrs. Prince & Co.,
4, Trafalgar Square,
Charing.