IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TESTING THE TENSILE STRENGTH AND COMPRESSIVE RESISTANCE OF METALS AND OTHER MATERIALS."
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Daniel Adamson, of the Engineering Works, Hyde
Junction, Dukinfield, in the County of Chester, Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TESTING THE TENSILE STRENGTH AND
COMPRESSIVE RESISTANCE OF METALS AND OTHER MATERIALS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Daniel Adamson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th January.1878.
DANIEL ADAMSON, of the Engineering Works, Hyde Junction, Dukinfield, in the
County of Chester, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TESTING THE
TENSILE STRENGTH AND COMPRESSIVE RESISTANCE OF METALS AND
MATERIALS."
OTHER
.;
The object of my Invention is to ascertain with accuracy and great facility the
strength and resisting powers of metals and other materials.
My improved machinery consists of a pair of hydraulic pumps acting on a ram
working in a steel cylinder; to the ram is fixed a crosshead connected by side links
to the block, in which the specimen to be tested is fixed. The steel cylinder with
the valves and pumps are self-contained. The ram is brought back by counter-
weight. The other end of the specimen to be tested is fixed to a corresponding
block attached to a system of levers in connection with a steelyard and adjustable
weight. The graduations on the steel yard and the weights are all arranged and
divided to a decimal scale, to afford facility for accurate calculation.
The specimen to be tested having been fixed to the blocks and arranged according
to a decimal scale, the per-centage of elongation can be read off during the test by
scale without further calculation.
. The test by compression is effected by connecting the steelyard block to the
actuating ram block at the opposite sides, and then applying the force from the

page_text: pumps while the registered force of compression is read off from the levers and
steel yard as before.
The whole machine is self contained, and may be used without any special
foundation, the main frame is strengthened by a stay above the specimen to be
tested, which stay is fixed to the main frame by cross bolts and circular side ferrule 5
clips.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Daniel Adamson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 29th July
1878.
DANIEL ADAMSON, of the Engineering Works, Hyde Junction, Dukinfield, in the
County of Chester, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TESTING THE
TENSILE STRENGTH AND COMPRESSIVE RESISTANCE OF METALS AND
MATERIALS."
OTHER
The nature of my Invention consists of an improved combination and arrange-
ment of parts forming a machine for ascertaining with accuracy and great facility
the strength and resisting powers of metals and other materials.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into operation, I will proceed to describe the two accompanying Sheets of Drawings,
reference being had to the figures and letters marked thereon.
On Sheet 1, Fig. 1 is an elevation, and Fig. 2 a plan of my improved machinery
for testing metals and other materials.
On Sheet 2, Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of the same; Fig. 4 is a section with
a detached stirrup arrangement for testing the compressibility of metals or other
materials.
Figs. 5 and 6 are two views of an 'apparatus for testing the transverse strength of
metals and other materials; and Figs. 7 and 8 represent my improved annular
clips.
a is the cast-iron foundation plate and frame supporting the various parts of the
'machine, and a¹ is a stay which can be removed when required for obtaining access
to the working parts; this stay is connected to the main frame by the circular side
ferrule clips b, b, shewn full size in Figs. 7 and 8, fitting in annular grooves, made
partly in the stay and partly in the main frame; these clips are secured together by
the cross bolts b', or in any other convenient manner.
Near one end of the frame a are bearings for the shaft c, on which are cranks set
opposite each other for working the pumps c¹, which force the water continuously
into the steel cylinder d, in which the ram d¹ works; to the outer end of the ram d¹
is fixed the cross head d², which is connected by the side links d³ to the grip block
e, in which the specimen A of metal or other material to be tested is fixed or gripped
by wedges. The steel cylinder d, with the barrels of the pumps c¹, and the seatings
of the valves f, are self contained or made in one piece.
20

page_text: After the ram d' has been forced out by hydraulic power, as above described, it is
brought back as the water is discharged from the cylinder into the cistern below
by the chain d', passing over guide pulleys and the counterweight d; the cistern is
formed in the main frame as shewn in Fig. 3. The other end of the specimen to be
tested is gripped in the block g, which is hinged at the knife edge centre g¹ to the
horizontal lever h, working on the knife edge fulcrum h¹; and at the end of this
lever is the link h² for connecting the lever h to the lever i, working on the knife
edge fulcrum i, and the long arm of the lever i is connected by the link j to the
ordinary steelyard lever 7, resting on the fulcrum 13; the lever is provided as
usual with an adjustable weight 1, to balance the whole system of levers. The
weights are to give a fixed increase of load as the stress increases.
The gradua-
tions on the steelyard and the traversing weight are all arranged and divided to
a decimal scale, to afford facility for accurate and rapid calculation.
The specimen to be tested having been fixed to the blocks e and g, and arranged
according to a decimal scale in length, the per-centage of elongation can be read off
during the test by scale fixed on the stay a¹ without further calculation.
The test by compression is effected by connecting the steel yard block 9, shewn
in Fig. 4, by stirrups g², and cross block g³, to the actuating' ram block e at the
opposite sides, and then applying the force from the pumps, while the registered
force of compression is read off from the levers and steel yard as before.
In Figs. 5 and 6 the specimen A to be tested is held at the ends by the knife
edged links m, connected to the cross bar m³, jointed to the side links ds. The
centre of the specimen A is resisted by the knife edged link n, bolted to the grip
block g, which commicates the force to the lever system, and registers the force
on the steel yard lever 1, as before described.
The whole machine, being self contained, may be used without any special foun-
dation.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described a convenient
manner of performing the same, I wish to remark that I do not limit myself to the
details given, as the number of the levers may be varied and other details modified.
I wish also to observe that I make no claim to the well-known parts of the machine,
such as. the force pumps and steelyard levers, which are only shewn to illustrate
the mode of applying my improvements; but what I do claim is,
-
First. The general arrangement and combination of parts forming a self-contained
machine for testing metals and other materials with accuracy and despatch, as
shewn and described.
Secondly. The steel hydraulic cylinder with self-contained pumps, valve seatings,
and waterways, as shewn and described.
Thirdly. The arrangements shewn in Figs. 4, 5, and 6, for testing the com-
pressibility and transverse strength of metals and other materials, as shewn and
described.
And, lastly. The annular side ferrule clips shewn in Figs. 7 and 8, for connecting
the parts of the frame of the machine.
In witness whereof, I, the said Daniel Adamson; have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of July, One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-eight.
DANIEL ADAMSON. (L.S.)