IMPROVEMENTS IN BOLTS, Sazzzzna IZ
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William James, of Red Hill House, Dudley, in the
County of Worcester, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOLTS,
SazzzZzna
mma thnימות. wן מזו -
IZRID MAX
"
Sealed the 28th November 1862, and dated the 4th June 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William James at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
June 1862.
I, WILLIAM JAMES, of Red Hill House, Dudley, in the County of Wor-
5cester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BOLTS, SPIKES, AND NAILS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THEIR MANUFACTURE," to be
as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in making bolts, spikes, and nails of
round spiral-grooved rods, and in a peculiar apparatus for producing the
twist in the rod during the process of manufacture.
The metal rods of which these articles are manufactured are first rolled
with one or more straight grooves or channels; to give the required spiral
direction to the grooves or channels the rods are afterwards twisted, and,
finally, the bolts, spikes, or nails are headed in the usual manner.
For the purpose of producing the twist in the metal rod, a simple box or
cylinder is used, with a perforation slightly larger than the rod itself, in which

page_text: perforation spiral projections are formed equal in number to the grooves on
the rod,. and varying in size and form according to the size and desired cur-
vature of the grooves or channels in the finished articles.
The metal rod coming from the rollers passes into and is forced through
the said box or cylinder, thereby twisting the rod more or less, the degree of
twist depending upon the form of construction employed for the inside of the
box or cylinder; this twist or spiral form, however, may be given, though not
so conveniently, by the ordinary means to each length separately either before
or after the bolt, spike, or nail is headed. When one of these bolts, spikes, or
nails is driven into a hole somewhat smaller than the said bolt, spike, or nail,
it passes through spirally, or in a manner similar to a screw, and it retains its
position with a much greater tenacity than the ordinary bolt, spike, or nail.
These improved bolts, spikes, and nails may be advantageously used for most
purposes to which the ordinary kind are now applied, but they are especially
desirable for railway fastenings, and all work in which there is from any cause
a tendency to draw out or loosen the bolt or spike; and by this form of con-
struction equal or greater strength is secured by the use of a much less weight
of metal.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William James in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
4th December 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
JAMES, of Red Hill House, Dudley, in the County of Worcester, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William James, Her special licence that I, the said William James, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
James, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOLTS, SPIKES,
AND NAILS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THEIR MANUFACTURE," upon the con-

page_text: dition, amongst others, that I, the said William James, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their bands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William James, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawing making a part of
this Specification:-
The nature of my Invention consists in making bolts, spikes, and nails of
round spiral-grooved rods, and in a peculiar apparatus for producing the twist
in the rod during the process of manufacture.
The metal rods of which these articles are manufactured are first rolled
with one or more straight grooves or channels; to give the required spiral
direction to the grooves or channels the rods are afterwards twisted; and,
finally, the, bolts, spikes, or nails are headed in the usual manner.
To give the required spiral direction to the grooves or channels the rods
are afterwards twisted, and, finally, the bolts, spikes, or nails are headed in
the usual manner.
For the purpose of producing the twist in the metal rod, a simple box or
cylinder is used with a perforation slightly larger than the rod itself, on which
perforation spiral projections are formed equal in number to the grooves on
the rod, and varying in size and form according to the size and desired cur-
vature of the grooves or chambers in the finished articles.
The metal rod coming from the rollers passes into and is forced through
the said box or cylinder, thereby twisting the rod more or less, the degree of
twist depending upon the form of construction employed for the inside of the
box or cylinder; this twist or spiral form, however, may be given, though not
so conveniently, by the ordinary means to each length separately, either before
or after the bolt, spike, or nail is headed. When one of these bolts, spikes,
or nails is driven into a hole somewhat smaller than the said bolt, spike, or
nail, it passes through spirally, or in a manner similar to a screw, and it
retains its position with a much greater tenacity than the ordinary bolt, spike,
or nail.
These improved bolts, spikes, or nails may be advantageously used for most
purposes to which the ordinary kind are now applied, but they are especially
desirable for railway fastenings, and all work in which there is from any cause

page_text: a tendency to draw out or loosen the bolt or spikes; and by this form of con-
struction equal or greater strength is secured by the use of a much less weight
of metal.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 is a side view of a finished bolt; Figure 2, a section through x, x,
Figure 1 Figure 3, a longitudinal section through the centre of the die
box; Figure 4, a transverse section of said die box.
In Figure 1, a represents the spiral groove or channel. There may be one
or more of these grooves, though for ordinary bolts, spikes, or nails, two have
been preferable, and these are made opposite each other, as shown at a, a,
Figure 2.
. The curvature and size of of the groove a may be varied, without changing
the nature of my Invention, to adopt it to the work for which it is to be
used.
Figures 3 and 4 represents the peculiar apparatus employed by me in the
manufacture of these bolts, spikes, or nails. This apparatus is constructed of
any suitable material, form, and size. The diameter of the aperture or die b
corresponds with the required diameter of the manufactured article. The
spiral projections c, which extend through or partially through the aperture,
are made of the same size and curvature as the groove in the rods.
The grooved rods pass from the rolling machine into the die box, and are
forced through the same, the projections c entering the grooves, thereby giving
the rod the twist desired in the finished article. This rod being cut in suitable
lengths, the article is completed in the usual manner.
Having particularly described and ascertained the nature of my improve-
ments, and how the same may be carried into effect, I claim said Invention,
substantially as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, the Fourth
day of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
nd site t