Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 30th July, 1886.
Complete Left, 27th May, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 28th June, 1887.
I, HENRY WHITE of Derwent, Gold Tops, Newport in the County of Monmouth,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In order to form from one piece of sheet steel or other suitable metal a transverse
sleeper having a chair standing up from it at each end to support a rail I take a sheet
of steel or other metal and bend it into the form of a trough of the length required
for a sleeper and with two corrugations formed in it at a short distance apart near
each of its ends forming projecting ridges standing outwards across the exterior of
the trough. The portions of the external projecting corrugations which are across
the top of the trough when inverted I cause to be pressed into the form of chair jaws
so that a rail may be held between them as in an ordinary chair. Or instead of
corrugating the plates to form projections upon them to be afterwards moulded into
the form of chair jaws the plates of which the troughs are formed may be rolled with
two ribs or flanges standing up from them near each end and then after the plates
have been bent into a trough form these ribs or flanges may be moulded into the
form required.
For holding the rail in the chair so formed I preferably employ a key formed of
sheet metal bent into a tubular form to fit between the rail and inner chair jaw. The
edges of the bent sheet of metal are not brought close together so as to form a
complete tube but a space is. left between them so that the tubular key has a longitu-
dinal slit or opening all along it which allows of its being compressed as it is driven
into place.
To keep it in place when driven home I form the key with an outer projection
which when the key is home springs into a recess in the chair and retains the key
securely.

page_text: Or instead of making a projection on the key as above mentioned I make a hollow
tubular key slightly tapering so as to facilitate its being inserted into place and in one
side of the tube I form a slit commencing at the smaller end and passing partly around
the tube in an inclined direction towards the other end so as to leave a tongue of
metal which can be bent outwards and which is wider at its base than at the point.
The object of this tapering tongue of metal is to secure the key when driven into
place. This is effected by bending the tongue outwards after it has been driven
home so that its edge may bear against the end of the chair jaw-the inclined edge
of the tongue allows of the key being secured in whatever position it may be driven
into so that it may be driven further in after wear and again secured by further
turning of the tongue outwards.
Keys formed in the above ways may be used for holding rails into chairs formed in
other ways than those herein described.
1000

page_text: Improvements in the Permanent Way of Railways.
I, HENRY WHITE of Derwent, Gold Tops, Newport in the County of Monmouth,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
In order to form from one piece of sheet steel or other suitable metal a transverse
sleeper having a chair standing up from it at each end to support a rail I take a
sheet of steel or other metal and bend it into the form of a trough of the length
required for a sleeper and with two corrugations formed in it at a short distance apart
near each of its ends forming projecting ridges standing outwards across the exterior
of the trough. The portions of the external projecting corrugations which are across
the top of the trough when inverted I cause to be pressed into the form of chair jaws
so that a rail may be held between them as in an ordinary chair. Or instead of
corrugating the plates to form projections upon them to be afterwards moulded into
the form of chair jaws the plates of which the troughs are formed may be rolled with
two ribs or flanges standing up from them near each end and then after the plates
have been bent into a trough form these ribs or flanges may be moulded into the form
required.
For holding the rail in the chair so formed I preferably employ a key formed of
sheet metal bent into a tubular form to fit between the rail and inner chair jaw. The
edges of the bent sheet of metal are not brought close together so as to form a
complete tube but a space is left between them so that the tubular key has a
longitudinal slit or opening all along it which allows of its being compressed as it is
driven into place.
To keep it in place when driven home I form the key with an outer projection
which when the key is home springs into a recess in the chair and retains the key
securely.
Or instead of making a projection on the key as above mentioned I make a hollow
tubular key slightly tapering so as to facilitate its being inserted into place and in
one side of the tube I form a slit commencing at the smaller end and passing partly
around the tube in an inclined direction towards the other end so as to leave a tongue
of metal which can be bent outwards and which is wider at its base than at the point.
The object of this tapering tongue of metal is to secure the key when driven into
place. This is effected by bending the tongue outwards after it has been driven home
so that its edge may bear against the end of the chair jaw-the inclined edge of the
tongue allows of the key being secured in whatever position it may be driven into so
that it may be driven further in after wear and again secured by further turning of
the tongue outwards.
Keys formed in the above ways may be used for holding rails into chairs formed in
other ways than those herein described.

page_text: Figure 1 of the drawings hereunto annexed is an end view, Figure 2 a side view
and Figure 3 a plan of a transverse trough sleeper of sheet metal with two
corrugations across it near each end forming chair jaws as herein before described.
Figures 4. 5 and 6 are similar views of another trough sleeper in which the form of
the corrugations is somewhat modified.
Figures 7. 8 and 9 are similar views of a transverse trough sleeper having jaws
formed from ribs or flanges standing up from and in one piece with them.
Figures 10. 11 and 12 are similar views of one of the metal keys which I use for
securing the rails between the chair jaws.
Figures 13 and 14 are end and side views of the other metal key.
Figure 15 is a longitudinal section Figure 16 an end view and Figure 17 a plan of
one of the dies used for forming the pairs of corrugations at each end of a strip of
metal that has been previously bent into a trough form. The corrugations made by
the dies are of the form required for producing chair jaws of the Form shown at
Figures 1. 2 and 3.
Figure 18 is a plan, Figure 19 a longitudinal section and Figure 20 a cross section
of one of the dies used for moulding the inner sides of the corrugations into the shape
of chair jaw required.
The sleeper shown at Figures 1. 2 and 3 is formed by first bending a strip of sheet
metal into a trough form-afterwards this trough is near each of its ends pressed
between dies such as shown at Figures 15. 16 and 17 whereby two corrugations are
formed across it near the end not only across the top of the trough when inverted
but also down both its sides. By first forming the metal into a trough form and
afterwards when making corrugations across the top also at the same time forming
corrugations down the two sides the corrugations can be made without difficulty as
the metal of the trough will for the most part simply have to be bent or puckered
up as when the corrugations are being made the metal forming the trough is free to
be drawn inwards towards the dies in both directions.
If the corrugations at one end of the trough are being made by one pair of dies
and the corrugations at the other end by another pair of dies one pair of dies might
be arranged to act first and then the other so as to leave the trough free to move
inwards in both directions towards whichever pair of dies is for the time in action.
Or the metal might be drawn inwards between the dies in one direction only by
dividing the top die transversely into two parts and causing one part to first descend
and form the inner corrugation and then the other part to descend to form the outer
corrugation. The corrugations at the two ends of the troughs may in this way be
readily made at the same time.
The corrugations that are formed by the dies shewn at Figures 15, 16 and 17 are
formed to stand outwards as simple corrugations and the inner sides of the
corrugations have to be subsequently moulded to the required form to allow of their
being used as chair jaws.
To effect this the corrugations are next acted upon by the dies shown at Figures 18,
19 and 20.
A loose mandril a is inserted into the hollow between the two corrugations which
pass across the top of the inverted trough. The bottom die is formed with two hinged
arms or jaws bb6 which incline towards one another and the upper ends of which pass
into the corrugations.
When the top die descends the inner sides of the corrugations are by the jaws b
pressed inwards against the sides of the loose mandril and mould them to the form
required. The jaws b free themselves when the finished sleeper is lifted from the
bottom die and the mandril a can be driven end wise from between the chair jaws.
By keeping the corrugations hollow and not bringing their sides together I am
able readily to mould the inner side to the form of jaw required without putting too
great a stress upon any part of the plate as it is being moulded into form. I do not
however restrict myself to this way of moulding the corrugations into chair jaws as if
preferred the inner and outer sides of the corrugations might be compressed together

page_text: to form the chair jaws as is described in the Specification of a Patent granted to
James Riley No. 11 in the year 1885.
In Figures 1, 2 and 3 the sleeper is shown to be also formed with a longitudinal
corrugation c along the top to further strengthen it but it may be formed either with
or without such a corrugation as desired. The sleeper shown at Figures 4, 5 and 6
is formed in a similar way to that above described.
The sleeper shown at Figures 7, 8 and 9 is formed from a broad plate of steel
plate rolled with four ribs or flanges standing up at right angles from it. The plate
so formed is afterwards cut transversely into lengths each of the size requisite for
forming a sleeper. Afterwards each length is bent into a trough form and the
portions a a of the ribs which go across the top of the inverted trough are bent
inwards and moulded to the form of chair jaws as shown. The several sleepers
shown in the drawings are all formed with their chair jaws shaped to receive and
hold double headed rails but the chair jaws may be made to suit any section of rail
either double headed bridge or flange rail as desired.
The rails may be retained between the chair jaws with wooden or other suitable
keys but I prefer to retain them with split tubular koys of spring metal such as
shown at Figures 10, 11 and 12 or Figures 13 and 14.
The key shown at Figures 10, 11 and 12 is formed with a tongue a projecting from
its larger end. When the key is driven home this tongue is designed to spring
outwards into a recess in the chair to prevent the key from working back.
The split tubular key shown at Figures 13 and 14 is formed at its smaller end
with a tapering tongue of metal a which when the key has been driven into
place can be turned outwards as above explained to prevent the key from working
back.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :—
1. The manufacture of a transverse sleeper with chair jaws at each of its ends from
sheet steel or suitable metal by first bending the strip of metal into a trough form-
then forming near each of its ends two corrugations not only across the top of the
trough when inverted but also down its sides and afterwards moulding the inner
sides of such corrugations to the form of chair jaws substantially as described.
2. The manufacture of a transverse sleeper with a chair jaw at each of its ends by
first rolling a plate of a width equal to the length of sleeper required and having two
ribs or flanges standing up from it near each end-then slitting such plate crosswise
into lengths and afterwards bending each length into a trough form and moulding
the pairs of ribs or flanges into chair jaws substantially as described.
3. The manufacture of a tubular metallic railway key slit longitudinally and
having a spring tongue projecting from one or other of its ends substantially as
described.
4. The manufacture of a tubular metallic railway key slit longitudinally and also
slit at its forward end to there form a tapering tongue of metal which can be bent
outwards when the key has been driven into place substantially as described.
Dated this 26th day of May 1887