Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Nov., 1886
Complete Left, 15th July, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 30th Aug., 1887
[Communicated from abroad by MELANOTHON HANFORD, of Malden, and CLARENCE
COURTNEY HANFORD, Mechanical Engineers, of Medford, both in Massachusetts,
United States of America.]
1, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to methods of and apparatus for cooling liquids and is especi-
ally applicable in the manufacture of malt liquors such as beer, ale, and so forth in
which the liquid has to be cooled from the boiling point to about 50 or 60° Fahrenheit
before the final operations can be performed upon it.
This cooling has usually been effected by pumping the liquid into a large, shallow vat
in which the liquid has a large surface exposed to the air so that the temperature is
reduced several degrees, after which it is caused to pass slowly over pipes in which
iced water is maintained in circulation and by which the temperature of the liquid
passing over the pipes is reduced to the desired point. This operation is expensive as
a large amount of ice is consumed and a considerable amount of labour is required
for handling the ico.
The invention consists mainly in delivering the liquid to be cooled in the usual vat
through a series of spraying devices, by means of which the liquid is caused to pass
through the air a considerable distance in a finely divided state so that its temperature
is reduced so much that no ice is required to bring it down to the desired temperature
for the subsequent operations. Means are also provided for maintaining a natural or
artificial circulation of air through the space in which the spray of liquid falls, and if

page_text: necessary compressed air may be permitted to escape in proximity to the spray,
so that by its expansion it will remove the heat from the spray, affording a greater
reduction of temperature than would be produced by merely permitting the spray to
fall through the open air.
In carrying the said invention into practice the heated liquid to be cooled is forced 5
in the usual manner through a pipo which instead of discharging directly into the
usual vat is carried to a point above the said vat and terminates in a horizontal portion
extending over the vat.
The room containing the cooling vat is usually at the top of the brewery or other
building and is provided with a ventilator extending along the roof of the building 1
above the vat. This ventilator is provided with open sides which may have the usual
inclined slats to permit the external air to enter the ventilator and building, while
excluding rain or snow. The horizontal pipe is provided with a series of downwardly
extending branches which may be provided with stop cocks or valves and terminate in
nozzles or spraying devices properly constructed to deliver the liquid in a finely
divided shower of spray, the said spray fulling naturally and being collected by
the vat.
The nozzles or spraying devices may be of any suitable or usual construction adapted
to be attached to the branch pipes and provided near their lower ends with lateral ports
through which the liquid passes into a sleeve provided with a transverse partition or
diaphragm having an opening.
The inward or stationary piece of the spraying devices is provided at its end with
a conical projection that enters the opening in the partition of the sleeve and thus
produces an annular orifice through which the liquid passing through the ports into
the sleeve may escape. The size of the annular orifice may be varied by changing the
position of the partition with relation to a cone and for this purpose the sleeve is made
movable on the stationary piece and provided with a projection or flange connected
by adjusting devices or screws with the corresponding flange on the stationary piece so
that the sleeve and consequently the partition may ho raised or lowered by adjusting
screws with relation to the cone, thus varying the width of the annular space of the
orifice between the cone and the edge of the opening. By this means a spray of any
desired fineness may be produced.
In order to prevent clogging of the spraying devices the horizontal pipe is provided
with a strainer which may be made, of a cylinder having removable bonnets and a
longitudinal partition composed of perforated or foraminous plates of various degrees
of fineness. The liquid enters the cylinder through the horizontal pipe at one side of
the strainer partition and passes out at the other side, thus having to pass through the
partition which removes all particles of sufficient size to clog or interfere with the
proper operation of the spraying device.
The bonnets on the inlet side of the partition may be provided with removable plugs
so that when the said plugs are removed a stream of water may be directed into the
upper opening and against the surface of the partition to wash off the sedimentary
matter that may have collected there and carry the same out through the opening in
the lower bonnet.
The liquid that falls into the vat may be taken therefrom by a pipe and caused to
drip or trickle over the usual cooling pipes but its temperature will have been so far
reduced by falling as a spray into the vat that it is unnecessary to use ice to cool the
water circulating through the cooling pipes, as water at the ordinary temperaturo
supplied from the street main will be sufficient to cool the liquid to the desired
temperature.
The natural circulation of air provided by the ventilator will in many cases be
sufficient to cool the liquid to the desired amount, but it may sometimes be necessary
or desirable to expose the spray to a lower temperature than the natural temporature
of the air. In this case an air pipe may be provided having small branches leading to
spraying devices and entering a chamber in the sleeve which chambers have fine outlet
passages through which the air may escape into the liquid issuing around the said
cone.

page_text: Air under compression is forced into the said air pipe which will by its expansion,
on issuing from the said orifices. absorb a large amount of heat and thus greatly
increase the cooling effect on the spray of hot liquid.
"
The pump may have the rod of its actuating piston connected with the piston or
plunger that forces the liquid through the air pipe, and also with a piston or plunger
that operates the compresser by which the air is forced through the air pipe. The
said pipe may have a coil enclosed in a chamber containing cold water for the purpose
of removing the heat produced by compressing the air. By this arrangement the
liquid and compressed air for cooling the same will be forced simultaneously by the
same pumping engine or forcing apparatus.
If one of the spraying devices should become clogged or fail to operate properly
the corresponding valve may be closed and the spraying device removed and another
substituted without stopping the operation of the remainder of the apparatus.
The arrangement of the spraying devices with relation to the valvo and other parts
may be varied according to the requirements of each particular case. In some cases
it might be desirable to place the pipe at a lower level and cause the spraying devices
to throw the divided liquid upward instead of downward.
Dated this 16th day of November 1886
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Cooling of Liquids and to Apparatus
therefor.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co. Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to methods of, and apparatus for, cooling liquids and
is especially applicable in the manufacture of mult liquors, such as beer, ale, and so
forth, in which the liquid has to be cooled from the boiling point to about 41° F.
before it is ready for fermentation.
This cooling has usually been effected by pumping the liquid into a large, shallow
vat in which the liquid has a large surface exposed to the air so that the temperature
is reduced several degrees, after which it is caused to pass slowly over pipes in which

page_text: iced water is maintained in circulation and by which the temperature of the liquid
passing over the pipes is reduced to the desired point. This operation is expensive,
as a large amount of ice is consumed, and a considerable amount of labor is required
for handling the icc.
The invention consists mainly in forcing the liquid to be cooled under considerable
pressure through a series of spraying devices, from which the liquid is collected
in a vat after passing a considerable distance through the air in a finely divided
state so that its temperature is thereby reduced so much that but little or no ice
is required to bring it down to the desired temperature for the subsequent operations.
Means are also provided for maintaining a natural or artificial circulation of
air through the space in which the spray of liquid falls,, and if desirable, compressed
air may be permitted to escape in proximity to the spray, so that by its expansion
it will remove the heat therefrom thus effecting a greater reduction of temperature
than would be produced by merely permitting the spray to fall through the
open air.
The effect of delivering the liquid under pressure from spraying devices, or
atomizers besides effectually cooling it, thoroughly aerates the liquor; thus rendering
the subsequent operations of rousing and aerating by forcing air through a body
of liquid, unnecessary, and by this hot aeration the fermentation is made much more
active and rapid.
In the accompany drawings
Figure 1 is a sectional view of a building provided with means for cooling the
liquids in accordance with this invention.
Figure 2 a side elevation of a portion, of the appliances for cooling the liquid.
Figure 3 an enlarged sectional detail of one of the spraying devices.
Figure 4 is an underside view thereof, and
Figure 5 is a sectional detail of a straining apparatus through which the liquid
passes on its way to the spraying devices.
In carrying the said invention into practice the heated liquid to be cooled is forced
in any suitable manner as for example by the pump P through a pipe a which instead
of discharging directly into the usual vat is as shown in this instance carried
to a point above the said vat and terminates in a horizontal portion a' which may
be ten or fifteen long extending over the vat b which is usually about twenty feet
in length and breadth.
The room containing the cooling vat is usually in the top of the building and,
as shown in, this instance is provided with a ventilator d extending along the roof
of the building above the vat band provided with open sides which may have
the usual inclined slats, as shown, to permit the external air to enter the ventilator
and building, while excluding rain or snow. The sides of the room or building may
also have openings controlled by slats or shutters d'.
The pipe a is provided with a series of downwardly extending branches e which
may be provided with stop cocks or valves e¹ and terminate in nozzles or spraying
devices, constructed so as to deliver the liquid in a finely divided shower of spray,
the said spray falling naturally and being collected by the vat b. The nozzles
or spraying devices may be of any suitable or usual construction being shown
in this instance as consisting of a¹ a body or main portion fl shown as threaded
at its upper end for the purpose of readily attaching it to a supply pipe for the liquid
that is to be delivered, the said body having an unobstructed passage, from
its inlet end to the discharge opening, which is preferably made tapering or conical
and flaring outward.
The tapering outlet opening contains a tapering plug 4, which may seat tightly
in the said opening and by moving slightly off its seat will leave an annular discharge
orifice through which the liquid issues in a thin sheet that is conical or Baring
outward, so that at a very short distance from the orifice the said sheet becomes
distended and breaks up into an exceedingly fine spray the fineness of which
can be regulated by moving the conical plug towards or from its seat in the orifice
or outlet opening of the spraying device."

page_text: In order to support and operate the plug, without interfering with the free flow
of liquid through the passage, the main portion f¹, of the device is provided with
an extension beyond the orifice, which extension diverges or flares outward, and
is of larger diameter in any given plane than the cone of which the surface of
the plug, forins a part, so that the conical sheet of liquid represented in dotted
lines at, passes by the inner surface of the extension, without touching the
same.
The end of the extension f, is provided with external screw threads and has
screwed upon it a ring provided with a cross piece or bridge f, in which is
supported the spindle or stem f° of the plug f^.
The said bridge is preferably V shaped in section having its apex towards the
orifice b, so that it affords no appreciable obstruction to the particles of liquid which
as the apparatus is generally used have already become separated before they reach
the said bridge f³.
The thread that connects the ring and extension is preferably of steep pitch so
that a slight rotary movement will produce considerable longitudinal movement of the
plug which may thus be readily adjusted by turning the ring.
It may be desirable to adjust all the spraying device simultaneously and for this
purpose the ring may be provided with teeth meshing with a rack bar f1 con-
nected with or forming part of a slide bar ", extending by all tho spaying devices so
that a movement of the said slide bar will operate the plugs f, of all the devices
simultaneously. The said slide bar is operated by a lever"
In using the device for atomizing malt. liquors tho orifice will be very narrow and
the particles suspended in the liquid will pass freely through the passage f³, and will
be arrested, if at all, only when they arrive at the orifice where the pressure
will generally be sufficient to force them through, but if they become clogged in the
course of time they can be readily froed by opening the orifice wide, for an instant
and then adjusting it back to its working position.
The pipe a may also be provided with a strainer which may be made as shown in
Figure 5, of a cylinder i having removable bonnets 1, 2, and a longitudinal partition
composed of perforated or forminouse plates of various degrees of fineness. The
liquid enters the cylinder through the pipo a at one side of the strainer partition
and passes out at the other side as shown by the arrows, thus having to pass through
the partition which removes all particles of sufficient size to clog or interfere with
the proper operation of the spraying devices.
The bonnets,, on the inlet side of the partition, may be provided with
removable plugs so that when the said plugs are removed a stream of water may be
directed from a hose or otherwise into the upper opening and against the surface
of the plate to wash off the sedimentary matter that may have collected there,
carrying the same out through the opening in the lower bonnet.
A branch pipe k, provided with a stop valve k', may be used if it is desired to
deliver the liquid directly into the vai at any time.
The liquid that collects in the vat b, may be taken therefrom by a pipe m, and
caused to drip or trickle over the usual cooling pipes n but its temperature will have
been so far reduced by falling as a spray into the vat b, that it is not generally
necessary to use ice to cool the water circulating through the cooling pipes.
The natural circulation of air provided by the ventilator d will in most cases be
sufficient to cool the liquid the requisite amount but it may sometimes be necessary
or desirable to expose the spray to a lower temperature than the natural. temperature
of the air.
In such cases compressed air may be delivered near the spraying devices, and it
will in expanding remove the heat from the liquid.
If one of the spraying devices should fail to operate properly the corresponding
valve e may be. closed and the spraying device removed and another substituted
without stopping the operation of the remainder of the apparatus.
The arrangement of the spraying devices with relation to the valve and other parts
may be varied according to the requirements of each particular case. In some cases

page_text: it might be desirable to place the pipe a' at a lower level and causes the spraying
devices to throw the divided liquid upward instead of downward as shown in this
instance.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent I declare that what I claim is :-
First. The method of cooling liquids substantially as hereinbefore described.
Second. The improvement in the art or method of cooling liquids which consists in
forcing the liquid to be cooled through spraying devices and permitting the finely
divided liquid or spray to pass through the air, and collecting the said spray in a vat,
or receptacle, substantially as described.
.
Third. The improvement in the art or method of cooling liquids which consists in
forcing the liquid to be cooled through spraying devices, and delivering compressed
air and permitting the same to expand in proximity to the spray of the liquid to
be cooled, substantially as described.
Fourth. The improvement in the art or method of cooling liquids which consists
in forcing the liquid to be cooled through spraying devices and permitting the finely
divided liquid or spray to pass through the air, collecting the said liquid in a vat, and
causing it to trickle over a cooled surface after leaving said vat, substantially as
described.
Fifth. The combination of a forcing apparatus and pipe leading therefrom with
a series of branches leading from said pipe, and spraying devicos communicating
therewith a vat placed below said spraying devices and valves in the branches
between the pipe and spraying devices, substantially as and for the purpose
described.
Sixth. The combination of a forcing apparatus and pipe leading therefrom and
spraying devices communicating with the said pipe with a ventilator affording a
natural current of air through the spray delivered from said spraying devices, and
a vat below said spraying devices, substantially as described.
Seventh. The improvement in the art of making malt liquors which consists in
breaking the hot liquor as it comes from the boiler into a fine spray permitting the
said spray to fall a considerable distance through the atmosphere and collecting the
said spray for fermentation substantially as described.
Dated thi. 15th of T... 1007