IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON HURDLES AND FENCING
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Bayliss, of the Firm of W. and M. Bayliss
and Co., Flat and Chain Cable and Iron Hurdle and Fencing Manu-
facturers, of Monmore Green, Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON HURDLES
AND FENCING"
Sealed the 27th October 1859, and dated the 2nd May 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Bayliss at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd May 1859.
I, WILLIAM BAYLISS, of the Firm of W. and M. Bayliss and Co., Flat and
Chain Cable and Iron Hurdle and Fencing Manufacturers, of Monmore
Green, Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
IRON HURDLES AND FENCING," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My improvements in the manufacture of hurdles and fencing relates to the
descriptions that are usually made of round rod iron, and the vertical supports
having holes pierced or otherwise formed through them for receiving the
round iron rails before described; and my improvements in the manufacture of
such description of fencing consist in forming on the rods of iron a projection or
projections so situated that they shall come in the place or position that the
upright ends and intermediate supports are placed; the holes in the said

page_text: supports being made of the same form as the rod and the projection or pro-
jections. Hurdles and fencing thus constructed admits of the projection or
projections being rivetted or beat down on each side of such uprights, so as to
prevent the end and intermediate supports from shifting or moving on the
bars to which they are attached.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Bayliss in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
1st November 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
BAYLISS, of the Firm of W. & M. Bayliss & Co., Flat Chain and Chain
Cable and Iron Hurdle and Fencing Manufacturers, of Monmore Green,
Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Bayliss, Her special license that I, the said William Bayliss, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Bayliss, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON HURDLES AND FENCING," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William Bayliss, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Bayliss, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
The object and purpose of my Invention in the manufacture of iron hurdles
and fencing is to afford a means for fixing the intermediate standard or stan-

page_text: dards, so as to prevent any lateral or loose action, whereby additional strength
is secured. It has been the common practice hitherto to make the rails of
rod iron, which is cut off to stated lengths, and shouldered down at the ends
for passing through holes in in the outer or end standards, and there secured
by rivetting, and any number of intermediate uprights or standards that has
been used for keeping the horizontal rails in position have had holes punched
through them corresponding with the holes in the end rails, but which holes
have been of the same size as the rails, thereby rendering hurdles or fencing
so made liable to have the intermediate vertical standards or uprights dis-
placed by their being knocked or pushed along the rails, and my improvements
are intended to obviate this great defect, and which I avoid by having the iron
of which I purpose making the horizontal rails (of hurdles or fencing) in such
a way that small projections shall be formed either on one or more sides,
which projections I purpose so arranging that they shall come where the
intermediate uprights or standards are placed, the hole being formed of a corre-
sponding shape for receiving the projection or projections, and which projection
on the horizontal rail may be flattoned or so beat as to form a kind of rivet
each side of the standard through which it passes, which will have the effect
of solidly fixing it at that part.
But as my Invention will be better understood by referring to the Drawing
hereunto annexed, I will now proceed to describe the same, reference being
made to the various figures and letters marked thereon.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 represents a bar of iron broken off in its length for convenience of
space, this bar is represented about the medium size in its transverse section
for the manufacture of common hurdles or fencing, the part marked A being
a projection formed in the process of rolling the iron by having cavities sunk
in one of the rolls at the desired distances apart, so that as the iron in a
heated state is passed between the finishing rolls to reduce it to the proper
size, the iron will be forced into the sunken cavities on the face of the lower
or upper roll, thus producing this effect. I do not think it necessary to give
here a description of the process of rolling iron, or to attach Drawings repre-
senting such rolls, as all the processes are known and well understood by the
makers and rollers of rod and bar iron. The true form of Fig. I between the
dotted lines B & C is exhibited at D, Fig. 3, which represents as much of an
intermediate standard for general fencing necessary for explaining my Inven-
tion; and Fig. 2 represents the top rail exbibited at Figure 1, and an edge
view of the standard referred to at Figure 3, and in this Figure the importance

page_text: and effect of my improvements in the manufacture of hurdles and fencing will
be clearly seen, as the workmen have only to place the standard in the position
here shown, and spread or flaten the projections A, A, when the standard will
become solidly fixed, and incapable of being moved either to the right or left.
These projections may be formed on each side, and passed through a hole, as
exhibited at E, Figure 3, and treated in like manner as described in Figure 2,
or the projections may be formed on the bar as exhibited at Fig. 4, in
which case the bar has only to be securely held while the standard is driven
on in the position shown by the dotted lines marked F, F, when either the
'standard or the bar may be twisted around a quarter of a revolution, as exhi-
bited in dotted lines at H, H, Figure 3, when the same result will be
produced, namely, that of fixing the vertical rail, as described at Figure 2.
Sometimes I form projections for clipping the standards, by indenting the bar
where the vertical standards are intended to be fixed, such as at Fig. 5, and
bars thus formed are passed through round holes in the intermediate standards
in the ordinary way, and when in position I purpose fixing them there by
striking or pressing the standard at that part, as will be seen by referring to
Fig. 6, I representing the top end of an intermediate standard, which should
be the corresponding thickness to the flattened part at J, Figure 5, and which
flattened part is shown by the section of the rod in this Figure; and by
striking or pressing the standard through the dotted line K, K, the standard
will be compressed until it fits the section of the bar, which will thereby fix
the standard in its position. Fig. 7 represents a small piece of a bar of iron, cor-
responding in its circumference with Figures 1, 4, and 5, representing the part
where the bar is to divided, and where the end standards are to be fixed;
and I purpose slightly reducing the bar in this part by the process of rolling,
and with or without projections, here only represented in dotted lines. This
reduced part may, when desired, be further reduced by swaging, but the
advantage of first reducing it by the process of rolling is to obviate the
necessity of measuring or setting out the work. Hurdles or fencing thus
made I purpose uniting together when set up as fencing somewhat in the
same way in which I hold or stay the intermediate uprights, as, for instance,
Fig. 8 represents a small iron bolt or key formed for this purpose, its sectional
view being represented at Fig. 9; and Fig. 10 represents an edge view of as
much of two end hurdle standards necessary for my description, through which
standards holes are punched, say of the shape and position represented at
Figure 9, and through those holes the key or bolt exhibited at Figure 8 havė
been driven and twisted around exactly one half of a circle, which brings the
projection M, M, shown in the top side at Figure 8, at the bottom side in this

page_text: view, thereby holding the ends or hurdles firmly together, yet admitting of
every facility for seperating them when desired.
Having thus given a general description of my Invention for improving
and facilitating the construction of iron hurdles and fencing, and the manner
in which the same may be carried into effect, I wish it understood that
I do not purpose confining myself to the exact details herein described and
exhibited, as the whole is capable of being variously modified; but what I
claim, and wish protected by these, my in part recited Letters Patent, is the
principle herein-before described of so forming the iron for fence rails, either
by rolling, swaging, or subsequently by hammering or pressing, that it shall
partially clip the intermediate hurdle or fence, standard or standards, so as to
prevent their having any lateral action; as also the manner of shouldering
and forming projections at the ends of hurdles or fence rails where they are
united to the end standards; likewise the mode of uniting hurdles and fencing
together, as herein described and exhibited.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Bayliss, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
WILLIAM BAYLISS. (L.S.)
Witness,
THOMAS JONES,
Clerk to Messrs. W. & M. Bayliss & Co.