IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINERY
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINERY."-A communi-
cation from abroad by Richard March Hoe, of New York, in the United
States of America.
Sealed the 27th June 1862, and dated the 29th January 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th January 1862.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINERY," to be
as follows:-
This Invention of improvements in printing machinery relates, firstly, to
improvements in that description, of printing machinery in which the type or
printing surface is curved for the purpose of being secured on a cylinder or
curved surface; and, secondly, to improvements in printing machinery in ;
which the type or printing surface is flat as in the ordinary forms..
The first improvement relates to an improved mode of securing stereotype
plates on the type cylinders or rollers of rotary printing machines. For
this purpose stereotype castings of type have heretofore been mounted on

page_text: wooden or other blocks, and secured in iron frames, forms, or "chases, which
are fastened in any convenient manner on to the type cylinder, or roller. The
present improvement consists in attaching or securing the stereotype plate
direct on the cylinder by means of strong metal fingers or cramps, the stems
of which are screwed and pass through holes made in the face of the cylinder,
and are secured and held down from behind by means of fly nuts, thumb
screws, or other equivalent contrivance. By this means the blocks and iron
frames for holding the stereotype plates are dispensed with. Several rows of
holes to suit different sized plates or forms may be made in the face of the
cylinder to receive the stems of the holding fingers, therefore the numerous
"chases" or metal frames usually employed to hold the forms of type or
stereotype blocks of different sizes will not be required, and plates of various
dimensions may be secured with facility. It will of course be evident that
stereotype plates may be adapted or curved to fit cylinders or rollers of much
smaller diameter than when ordinary types are used; this will admit of
reducing the diameter of the type cylinder, and consequently greatly diminish-
ing the size and cost of the machine, and a "perfecting" machine for rapid
printing may be produced at a much less cost than heretofore.
The second improvement relates to a machine of this description, in which
there are two impression cylinders and two type cylinders with the necessary
inking arrangements adapted to, each. There are two feeding boards, on each
of which a pile of paper is placed. The sheets of paper are fed into the
machine by the feeding boys, who push the paper down sheet by sheet under
carrying-in rollers, which descend alternately and, take hold of the paper, and
conduct it in between a pair of feeding rollers provided with tapes, which
carry the sheets to be printed down to the impression cylinders. The sheets
from both feeding tables are introduced between the same pair of feeding
rollers, and are conducted alternately from each table, but in rapid succession
to the same impression cylinder, which I will call No. 1. Having received an
impression on one side from type cylinder No. 1, the sheet is reversed and
carried forward to type cylinder No. 2, where it is printed on the other side.
It is of course understood that the impression cylinders belonging. to: each
type cylinder are provided with a suitable arrangement: of holding fingers,
and tapes for carrying in, holding, and conducting the sheet of paper through
the machine. After being printed on both sides, the. printed sheet is carried
by tapes or rollers down to a fly frame, which is vibrated in both directions so
as to form two piles of printed sheets, one on each side of the fly frame. By
the vibration of the fly frame, first in one direction and then in the other, the
sheets will be deposited-alternately on the two piles. If preferred, the printed
i

page_text: sheets may be carried forward by tapes to a fly frame, which acts only in ore
direction, so that they may all be deposited in one pile. The fly frame and
inking apparatus for both type cylinders are actuated by means of rods, which
are worked by cranks or eccentrics on the main driving shaft.
Another improvement relates to a novel means of working these fly frames,
and is specially applicable to large rotary printing machines. As now con-
structed the fly frames on these large machines are operated by cams placed
on a shaft under the centre of the press, and consequently at a considerable
distance from the fly frame which are placed at the ends of the machine, and
are driven by the intervention of levers, arms, bell cranks, and connecting
rods' and other parts. The present improvement consists in placing a cam
shaft with its requisite levers and appendages at each end of the machine, and
in close proximity to the fly frames, which can therefore be operated upon in a
direct and simple manner, the cam shafts themselves being driven by bevil,
toothed, or other suitable gearing actuated by the main or other convenient
driving shaft. This improvement is particularly applicable to type-revolving
presses of large dimensions, in which the fly frames are necessarily situated at
a considerable distance from the centre of the machine.
The next improvement also applies to the type-revolving press, and relates
to the mode of adapting and operating the inking apparatus. The improve-
ment consists in a novel and easier mode of adjusting to their work the com-
position lifting rollers used for supplying the ink from the fountain or ductor,
and distributing it to the other rollers. These composition rollers have a
rising and falling motion, and they are mounted in bearings in the ends of
levers or arms, to the other ends of which are adapted adjustable coiled
springs, whereby the pressure of the composition rollers on the working sur-
faces of the distribution may be regulated at pleasure by tightening or loosening
the springs. The parts of the inking apparatus are so arranged in reference
to the large type cylinder and the impression cylinders, that the pressure of
the rollers may be regulated, and other adjustments made without the
necessity of getting under the machine, or into other inconvenient positions.
The next improvement also relates to a type-revolving printing machine,
and consists of a novel arrangement whereby two, three, or more colours may
be printed. The different inking apparatus, with inks of different colours, are
conveniently placed round the type cylinder, on which there must of course be
as many forms as there are colours to be printed. The impression cylinder
which carries in and holds the paper must also rotate, and carry round the
paper as. many times as there are colours to be printed, so as to bring the paper
in succession against the different forms. The inking apparatus of each colour

page_text: must of course only be allowed to act on its own particular form, and therefore.
after this form has passed; the corresponding inking apparatus must be held back
until it comes round again. It will of course be understood that every separate!
inking apparatus must have its separate and distinct distributing surface, and;
when all the colours have been printed, the sheet will be delivered, out of the
machine. As it will not be necessary always to print the same number of:
colours, provision must be made for withdrawing any of the inking apparatus.
from operation, and a corresponding modification must also be made in the.
motions or operations of the impression cylinder.
The last improvement relates to flat surface printing machines. In this:
machine the form of type is placed vertically, and the platten or printing surface:
is made to vibrate on centres. The paper to be printed is placed on a table:
behind the platten, and is fed into the machine, by two holding rollers which:
take hold of the sheet when it is presented, and carry it on to the surface of
the platten, which then advances and takes the impression from the type. The:
same motion which carries in the paper to the face of the platten carries up
the inking rollers which ink the type, and also carries up a set of fingers
which hold the lower edge of the paper on to the platten.. The downward:
motion of the inking rollers enables this set of fingers, which are connected
with some of the moving parts, to take hold of the paper, and draw it down.
from off the platten in front of the fly frame, which as it vibrates, deposits the:
printed paper in a pile on the table below. All these motions must of course,
be properly timed, so as not to interfere with one another.. This machine may:
either be driven by means of a treadle when used for light work, or it may be:
driven by power.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 29th July 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County.
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters:
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of January, in the year of our:
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of..
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant, unto.
me, the said William Edward Newton, Her special license that I, the said

page_text: William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINERY," being a communi-
cation from abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
William Edward Newton, by an instrument in writing under my hand-and
seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that J, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,.
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
This Invention of "Improvements in Printing Machinery," relates, firstly,
to improvements in that description of printing machinery in which the type
or printing surface is. curved for the purpose of being secured on a cylinder
or curved surface; and, secondly, to improvements in printing machinery in
which the type or printing surface is flat, as in the ordinary forms.
The first improvement relates to an improved mode of securing stereotype
plates or other analogous printing surfaces on the type cylinders or rollers of
rotary printing machines. For this purpose stereotype castings of type have
heretofore been mounted on wooden or other blocks, and secured in iron
-frames, forms, or "chases," which were fastened in any convenient manner
on to the type cylinder or roller.
The present improvement is adapted for securing stereotype plates, or
any other solid printing plate or surface on the type cylinder, and consists in
attaching or securing the stereotype or other plate or printing surface direct
on the cylinder by means of strong metal fingers or cramps, the stems of which
are screwed, and pass through holes made in the face of the cylinder, and are
secured and held down from behind by means of fly nuts, thumbscrews, or
other equivalent contrivance. By this means the blocks and iron frames for
holding the stereotype. plates are dispensed with. Several rows of holes.to.
suit different sized plates or forms may be made in the face of the cylinder to
receive the stems of the holding fingers; therefore the numerous "chases "-or-

page_text: metal frames usually employed to hold the forms of type, or stereotype blocks
of different sizes will not be required, and plates of various dimensions may
be secured with facility. It will, of course, be evident that stereotype plates
may be adapted or curved to fit cylinders or rollers of much smaller diameter
than when ordinary types are used. This will admit of reducing the diameter
of the type cylinder, and consequently greatly diminishing the size and cost of
the machine, and a "perfecting" machine for rapid printing may be produced
at a much less cost than heretofore.
In the accompanying Drawings this part of the Invention is shewn in
Sheet I., in which Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a portion of the cylinder of a
rotary printing machine having the improved means of securing stereotype
plates adapted thereto. a, a, are the stereotype plates, which are curved to fit
the cylinder A of the machine, and are provided with inclined edges a¹, a',
against which the clamps or metal fingers b, b, rest. The stems of these clamps
or metal fingers, which are shewn detached and upon an enlarged scale at
Figs. 2, 3, 4, are screwed and pass through the cylinder. Fly nuts c, c, are
adapted to the screwed stems of the fingers, so that they may be firmly screwed
down to the cylinder. Holes d, d, are provided in the cylinder to admit of the
adjustment of the clamps to the size of the stereotype plates; or to their
position upon the face of the cylinder. Different forms of metal fingers or
clamps may be employed according to the position in which they are to be
used. These modifications are shewn at Figs. 2, 3, 4. The clamps or
fingers b, b, for securing the stereotype plates on the face of the cylinder may
be caused to slide in dovetailed grooves cast on the face of the cylinder, so
that a great amount of adjustment may be obtained. Fig. 5 is a plan view
and Fig. 6 an edge view, drawn on an enlarged scale, of a portion of a cylinder
shewing these dovetailed grooves in the cylinder. Fig. 7 is a sectional view
of a cylinder complete. 6' is a stop piece attached to the cylinder by screws,
and passing around a portion of the circumference at the centre of its width.
The stereotype plates a, a, abut on either side against this stop piece, being pro-
vided with inclined edges for the purpose. 63, Fig. 7, is also a stop piece placed
across the cylinder from end to end, against which abuts the last of the series
of stereotype plates arranged around the periphery of the cylinder; b and 6*
are dovetailed clamps sliding in the circumferential and cross grooves c and c*
cast in the face of the cylinder; one, two, or more of the clamps b.and b* may
be placed between the stereotype plates to separate and hold them down to
the face of the cylinder. The whole series are then to be screwed up to
the stop. 6 by means of the screw e in the fixed stop piece d. By turning in.
like manner the screws e*, the heads of which abut against the covering

page_text: 'caps screwed in the ends of the cylinder A, the stereotype plates will be
pushed forward by the clamps 6*, and firmly wedged up against the fixed stop
piece b', the sliding clamps. 6 and 6 adjusting themselves to the slightest
variation in size or position of the stereotype plates as may be required.
The second improvement relates to a novel construction of perfecting
machine. In this machine there are two impression cylinders, and two type
cylinders, with the necessary inking arrangements adapted to each type
cylinder. There are also two feeding boards, on each of which is placed a
pile of paper ready to be fed into the machine in the ordinary manner by the
feeding boys, who push the paper down sheet by sheet to a gauge point, and
place the edge or margin of the sheet under carrying-in rollers, which descend
alternately, and take hold of the paper and conduct it in between a pair of
feeding rollers provided with tapes,, which carry the sheets to be printed down
to the impression cylinders. The sheets from both feeding tables are intro-
duced between the same pair of feeding rollers, and are conducted alternately
from each table, but in rapid succession, to the same impression cylinder,
which I will call No. 1. Having received an impression on one side from
type cylinder No. 1, the sheet of paper is reversed, and is carried forward to
type cylinder No. 2, where it is printed on the other side. It is, of course,
understood that the impression cylinders belonging to each type cylinder are
provided with a suitable arrangement of holding fingers and tapes for carrying
in, holding, and conducting the sheet of paper through the machine. After
being printed on both sides, the printed sheet is carried by tapes or rollers
down to a fly frame, which is vibrated in both directions, so as to form two
piles of printed sheets, one on each side of the fly frame. By the vibration of
the fly frame, first in one direction and then in the other, the sheets will be
deposited alternately on the two piles. If preferred the printed sheets may be
carried forward by tapes to a fly frame, which may be made to act only in one
direction, so that they may all be deposited in one pile. The fly frame and inking
apparatus for both type cylinders are actuated by means of rods, which are
worked by cranks or excentrics on the main driving shaft. This improved
construction and mode of working the fly frame may be applied to other kinds
of printing machines and other machinery where it is required to depósit sheets
of paper in piles or separate tables.
.
Fig. 8, Sheet II., is a sectional elevation of a perfecting printing machine,
constructed according to the present Invention. The parts a, a, a, a,
represent the framework; b, b, the feeding boards, on which are placed the
sheets of paper to be printed, and which are alternately supplied to the
feeding-in cylinder c, c', by the nippling rollers b', 61, which are mounted at

page_text: the inner ends of the vibrating bell crank levers 62, 63, shewn by dots in
the Figure. These levers are provided at their lower ends with bowls,
which bear against the edges of the cams c³, c³, shewn by dots in the Draw-
ing, and when the larger diameter of the cams comes against the bowls,
the levers 62, 63, with the nipping rollers 6', 6', at their inner ends are
vibrated, and the nipping rollers are alternately brought down on to the
sheet of paper that is placed thereunder, as shewn at 1. The sheet of
paper being thus nipped between the roller 6¹ and the feeding-in cylinder c,
the sheet of paper will be carried into the machine, by the tapes shewn
by the red lines in the Figure. These tapes will conduct the paper from
the feeding-in rollers c, to the impression cylinder, No. 1, which is provided
with holding fingers (shewn by dots at d) for the purpose of catching hold
of and carrying round the sheet to the type. As there is nothing peculiar
or novel in the construction or mode of opening and closing the holding
fingers, it will not be necessary to give any detailed description thereof.
The form of type is secured on the curved surface of the type cylinder A
in the ordinary manner, or if stereotype plates are used, they are secured
thereon in the manner above described in reference to the first part of the
Invention. Nearly the whole of the surface of the type cylinder may be
covered with stereotype plates, and the distribution and supply of ink may
be effected by means of a convenient arrangement of inking and distributing
rollers as shewn in the Drawing. The second impression cylinder is shewn
at No. 2, and the second type cylinder which is provided with a separate
inking apparatus is seen at B. The impression cylinders, Nos. 1 and 2, rotate
in the direction of the arrows, and the sheet when printed on both sides is
conveyed to the two taking-off rollers f, f, below cylinder No. 2, by the
tapes indicated by the red lines. The rollers f, f, will carry down the
printed sheet in front of the fly frame g, which is vibrated first in one direction
and then in the opposite one, as indicated in the dotted lines in the Figure,
and the sheets are thereby deposited alternately on the two receiving tables h, h.
This motion is effected by means of a crank on the stud axle l, which is driven
by a pair of toothed-wheels, two to one, from the shaft of the impression cylin-
der No. 2. The crank on the stud axle is connected by means of the vertical
rod i to the lever j on the shaft of the fly frame g; this lever j being slightly
longer than the crank on the axle l'above, will cause the shaft k and the fly
frame g to vibrate, as indicated by the dotted line, or it may be effected by a
cam movement. The gearing for actuating the feeding-in rollers c and c', the
impression or printing cylinders No.-1 and No. 2, the type cylinders A and B,
and the inking apparatus is indicated by blue lines in the Drawing, but I do

page_text: not mean or intend to confine myself to the precise arrangement of gearing
herein shewn. The operation of the several parts is as follows:-The paper
to be printed is fed from one of the inclined boards 6 to a register or gauge
point under the corresponding nipping roller b', which by the rotation of one of
the cams c², is brought down on to the feeding-in roller c or c¹, as shewn at 1,
and thereby carries the paper into the machine, to the impression cylinder
No. 1, the holding fingers d of which will hold the paper while receiving the
impression from the type on the type cylinder A. The printed sheet will then
be carried round to the second impression cylinder No. 2, and the holding
fingers of this cylinder will lay hold of it, while the holding fingers of the first
cylinder No. 1, will let go, and allow the reversed side of the sheet to be
carried forward to receive the impression from the second type cylinder B.
The second impression cylinder No. 2, continuing its rotation, as indicated by
the arrow, will conduct the printed sheet to the taking-off rollers f from which
it will be taken by the fly frame g, and deposited on the receiving tables h, h.,
In Sheet V., I have shewn at Fig. 9 a partial elevation of a modification of the
above, in which the sheets, after being printed on one side, are carried by
tapes to the second printing cylinder, which is placed at some distance from
the first, thus leaving a space between the two cylinders, and giving an interval
of time, during which the ink on the printed sheet will be enabled to settle on
the surface of the paper.
Fig. 10, Sheet III., represents a modification of the machine shewn in
Sheet II. In Fig. 10, there is only one feeding-in cylinder c, instead of two
as in Fig. 8. In Fig. 10, b, b, are the feeding-in tables, on which the paper
to be printed is placed, but in this instance, the paper is supplied alternately
to the upper and lower sides of the feeding-in cylinder or roller c, in the
following manner :-A sheet is pushed from the pile of paper on the upper
table down to a stop as usual, and is taken. from them by the holding fingers
d, when they come round, the holding fingers being made to open at the
precise moment, and having laid hold of one edge of the sheet, the latter will
be carried round by the cylinder to the griping or holding fingers d of the
impression cylinder, No. 1, when the fingers or gripes of the feeding cylinder
will, release their hold of the sheet No. 1 being supported during its passage
by the light spring m. When the fingers d of the impression cylinder - No.-1,
have laid hold of the sheet of paper, they will carry it round in the direction of
the arrow to receive an impression from the type on the type cylinder A.
The sheet printed on one side will then be carried round to the other impres-
sion cylinder No. 2, and in so doing, the sheet will be reversed so that the
printed surface will be against the face of the cylinder No. 2, and the clean

page_text: back of the sheet will then be presented to the type on the type cylinder B,
and will receive an impression. It will then be conducted by the tapes and
guide roller f to the fly frame g, whereby it will be deposited on the pile on
one of the receiving tables h. While the sheet from the upper table 6, which
has been printed on one side, is about to be printed on the reverse side, as just
described, a sheet of paper from the lower table 6 is fed into the machine at
the under side of the feeding-in cylinder c. To this end the sheet having been
fed down to the stop 1, the lower end of the feeding table which is jointed for
the purpose at 2 is raised, in order to lift up the sheet to the holding fingers
of the feeding-in cylinder. These fingers being opened at the proper time by
the usual mechanical contrivances, as shewn in the Drawing, will lay hold of
the paper, and carry it into the machine, as before described, and so on; a
sheet from each table b, alternately being carried into the machine from the
upper and under side of the feeding-in roller or cylinder. In order to allow
the holding fingers of the several cylinders to pass each other, and to open and
close at the proper time the holding fingers of the two contiguous impression
cylinders are mounted on their respective shafts, in such a manner that the
fingers of one cylinder will pass by the side of the fingers of the other cylinder.
This arrangement of the holding fingers of the impression rollers will be
understood more clearly-by referring to the detached sectional view, Fig. 10%,
of the two impression cylinders No. 1 and No. 2, of Fig. 10. Instead of
placing and securing the blankets on the impression cylinders in the ordinary
manner, a long length of blanket is employed, and is wound on to two rollers,
placed inside the impression cylinders, as shewn best at n, n', Fig. 10°. The
end of the blanket o is taken from the blanket n, passed under a bar or rod,
which carries a series of studs p, against which the ends of the griping or hold-
ing fingers d bear when they lay hold of the paper, as shewn in Fig. 10%, and
also in the detached plan view, Fig. 10b, of the studs p, p, and their rods. The
blanket o then passes back round over the surface of the impression cylinder,
and is wound tightly on another roller n' on the opposite side. It will be
evident therefore that when that portion of the blanket that has been in use
becomes soiled, it will only be necessary to unwind from the roller n a
clean piece, and wind up the soiled part on the other roller n', and the machine
may be started afresh with very little loss of time, and but little trouble,
whereas the changing a blanket in the ordinary manner is a troublesome
operation. If desired, the blankets may be moved very slightly at every
revolution of the impression cylinder, so that it may be gradually and very
slowly unrolled from the roller n¹, and wound on to the other roller n*. . This
object may be effected by the mechanical arrangement_ shewn in the detached

page_text: sectional view, Fig. 10%, or by any other equivalent contrivance. It will be
seen on referring to Fig. 10%, that on the end of the roller n, is a screw wheel,
which is driven by a screw or snail s. On the shaft of this snail is keyed a
ratchet wheel q, which is driven by a click or pall r, mounted at one end of a
vibrating lever t, the outer end of which projects through one end of the
impression cylinder, and at every rotation of this cylinder the lever t is struck
and causes the pall to move round the ratchet wheel q, and consequently
the roller n. By this means the blanket will be gradually drawn off the
roller n', which is mounted in spring bearings, and will be wound on to the
roller n.
Another improvement relates to a novel means of working the fly frames of
large rotary printing machines in which there are several printing or impression
cylinders. As now constructed, the fly frames on these large machines are
operated by cams placed on a shaft under the centre of the press, and conse-
quently at a considerable distance from the fly frames, which are placed at the
ends of the machine and are driven by the intervention of levers, arms, bell-'
cranks, and connecting rods and other parts. The present improvement
consists in placing a cam shaft, with its requisite levers and appendages, at
each end of the machine and in close proximity to the fly frames, which can'
therefore be operated upon in a direct and simple manner, the cam shafts
themselves being driven by bevil, toothed, or other suitable gearing actuated by
the main or other convenient driving shaft. This improvement is particularly
applicable to type-revolving presses of large dimensions, in which the fly frames
are necessarily situated at a considerable distance from the centre of the
machine.
In Sheet IV. of the Drawings, Fig. 11 is a side elevation of a four-cylinder
printing machine with the present improved mode of working the fly frame
adapted thereto. Fig. 12, Sheet V, is a plan or top view of the same; 26 is
a shaft placed transversely under the centre of the machine, and giving motion
to a longitudinal shaft 37 by means of the bevil gearing shewn by dots in the
Drawing, the outer end of the shaft 37 communicating motion to a transverse
shaft 40 by means of similar gearing 41 and 42. On the shaft 40 two fly:
cams 43 and 44 are placed. The fly frames g are constructed in the usual
manner, and are attached each to a shaft 46, 46, and to one end of each
shaft 46 an arm 47, 47, is attached, the opposite ends of the shafts having arms-
or levers 48, 48, which are connected to rods 49, 49, which work in guides
50, 50, and have spiral springs 51, 51, on them. The fly boards h are secured
to brackets attached to the uprights of the main framing. The arm 47 of the
lower fly frame is connected by a rod 55 with one end of a lever 56 which

page_text: pivots on a shaft that turns in suitable bearings in the lower part of the
standards of the framing. The opposite end of the lever 56 is provided with
a friction roller 57, which bears against the cam 43 on the shaft 40. The
arm 47 of the upper fly frame is connected by a rod 58 with one end of a
lever 59, also placed on a shaft, the opposite end of said lever being provided
with a friction roller 60 which bears against the cam 44. The cams 43 and 44
act similarly to wipers or tappets, the excentric portions raising the fly frames g,
and the concentric portions retaining them in an elevated position while the
printed sheets are passing down before them; and when the concentric portions
have passed the friction rollers of their several levers the fly frames g are
thrown down upon the fly boards h by the action of the springs 51, 51, and
the sheets are thereby deposited upon the fly boards k. The two fly frames
above represented and described are placed at one end of a four-cylinder type
revolving printing machine, and they serve two cylinders thereof at one end of
the machine, the other two cylinders having two frames similarly arranged and
operated at the opposite end of the machine.
The next improvement also applies to the type-revolving press, and relates
to the mode of adapting and operating the inking apparatus. The improve-
ment consists in a novel and easier mode of adjusting to their work the com-
position lifting rollers used for supplying the ink from the fountain or ductor
and distributing it to the other rollers. These composition rollers have a
rising and falling motion, and they are mounted in bearings in the ends of
levers or arms to the other ends of which are adapted adjustable coiled springs,
whereby the pressure of the composition rollers on the working surfaces of the
distributor may be regulated at pleasure by tightening or loosening the springs.
The parts of the inking apparatus are so arranged in reference to the large type
cylinder and the impression cylinders that the pressure of the rollers-may be
regulated and other adjustments made without the necessity of getting under
the machine or into other inconvenient positions.
This improvement is also adapted to a four-cylinder type revolving printing
machine, and is shewn in Sheets IV. and V. of the Drawings. Fig. 13 is a
side elevation of a portion of the machine taken from the outside and drawn
upon an enlarged scale; Fig. 14 is an end elevation; and Fig. 15 is a plan of
the same.
The composition rollers 16 and 17, Fig. 11, have a rising and
falling motion communicated to them. The upward motion requires to be
adjusted to suit the size of the rollers and the pressure to suit their elasticity.
The roller 16, Fig. 11, falls to the fountain or ductor roller 18 and receives
from it a quantity of ink, and then rises up to the ink distributor 19, against
the surface of which it runs and distributes its ink. The roller runs in bear-

page_text: ings in the arms 20, 20, which are. fixed one near each end of. the shaft 21,
Fig. 12, that vibrates in bearings 22 in the side frames of the machine. This.
shaft 21 has a longer arm 23 fixed near its centre and extends in an opposite
direction to the arms 20, 20, and is provided with a friction roller 24 near the:
end against which the cam 25, fixed on the shaft 26, operates. A spring.
rod 27, see enlarged views, Figs. 13, 14, and 15, is jointed to the extreme end:
of the arm 23 and runs loosely down through a hole in the guide bar 28 that
is fixed across the bed plate 2 of the machine. A spiral spring 29 is put on.
the part of the rod 27 below the guide bar 28 and is tightened by the nut on>
the lower end of the rod, thereby compressing it up against the guide bar 28,
which also. serves as a rest or stop to the spring.29. The cam 25, Figs. 11,
and 12, is of such a shape that as it revolves with the shaft 26 it strikes:
against the friction roller 24 and raises it and the arm 23 and compresses the
spring 29, and at the same time depresses the composition roller 16 until it:
lies on the fountain roller 18 and receives its ink. As the cam 25 passes from
under the friction roller 24 the spring 29 draws the arm 23 down, and of!
course lifts the composition roller 16 up against the ink distributor 19. In.
order to prevent the roller from pressing too hard against the ink distributor.
19, and also to adjust it as it becomes smaller from use and wear, a collar: 30+
is fixed by a set screw to the part of the spring. rod 27 above the guide bar. 28.,
A regulating shaft:31 runs from the outside through the bed plate 2, and also +
through a support 32 fixed on the guide bar 28, and has a pin 33 set off one;
side of the centre of motion, projecting from its inner end, and on this pin.
the collar 30 on the spring rod 27 descends.. If the regulating shaft is turned,
backwards and. forwards the pin 33 will rise and fall, as also the arms 20,
and 23 and the composition roller 16. In order to keep the pin 33 in any.
required position an arm 34 is fixed on the outer end of the regulating shaft,,
and is provided with a thumb screw 35 that passes through its outer end, the.
point of which can enter into any of the holes in the index plate 36 fixed to,
the bed plate 2. In this manner the degree of pressure exerted by the spiral:
spring 29 to press the composition roller 16 against the ink distributor 19 can.
be controlled at pleasure without the necessity of going beneath the machine.
The composition roller 17 runs in a frame that swings on the shaft of the ink.
distributor 19, and its motion upwards is regulated by a similar, arrangement,
placed alongside of the one just described..
The next improvement also relates to a type revolving printing machine, :
and consists of a novel arrangement whereby two, three, or more colours may .
be printed. The different inking apparatus, with inks of different colors, are

page_text: conveniently placed round the type cylinder, on which there must of course be
as many forins as there are colours to be printed. The impression cylinder
which carries in and holds the paper must also rotate and carry round the
paper as many times as there are colours to be printed, so as to bring the paper
in succession against the different forms. The inking apparatus of each colour
must of course only be allowed to act on its own particular form, and there-
fore after this form has passed the corresponding inking apparatus must be
held back until it comes round again. It will of course be understood that
every separate inking apparatus must have its separate and distinct distri-
buting surface, and when all the colours have been printed the sheet will be
delivered out of the machine. As it will not be necessary always to print
the same number of colours, provision must be made for withdrawing any of
the inking apparatus from operation, and a corresponding modification must
also be made in the motions or operations of the impression cylinder.
In Sheet VI. of the accompanying Drawings, Fig. 16 is a side view, par-
tially in section, of a. rotary printing machine for printing in two, three, or
more colors. A is the type 'cylinder having on its outer face three forms of
type or stereotype plates, one being shewn colored red in the Drawing.; B'is
the impression cylinder; and D, E, and F are the inking or color apparatus,
one for each color. that is to be printed on. the sheet. Various arrangements"
of ink distributing and inking rollers are shewn, though any ordinary com-
bination may be. employed for the purpose. Fig. 17 shews a portion of one
of the inking apparatus drawn on an enlarged scale: a is one of the ink
distributing rollers; and b, b', are inking rollers mounted in bearings in the.
ends of the levers c, c', which are carried from the axle of the ink distributing
roller ȧ, in adjustable bearings. Helical springs: attached to the framing of
the machine, and: to the levers c, c³, are used for the purpose of drawing down
the inking rollers, and holding them on to the face of the type as it passes
under them during the revolution of the large type cylinder A.. The proper-
time for this action is determined by the cam e, Fig. 17, on the face of which
bear the adjustable screws f and f¹ of the levers c, c¹. These cams e, of
which there are. one to each inking apparatus, may be attached to either or to
both sides of the type cylinder by screws, or they may be cast upon the face.
of the type cylinder. During the rotation of the type cylinder, the cams e will
allow the inking rollers b, b', to be drawn down by the helical springs on to
the form of type, and after inking the same, will be thrown back, and held
from the face of the type during the remaining portion of the revolution of
the cylinder A, as shewn at 6' in Fig. 17. The sheets of paper to be printed

page_text: are fed into the machine from the feed board g, Fig. 16, on to the impres-
sion cylinder B, the fingers h closing upon each sheet as presented. (The.
mechanism for closing the fingers h being the same as is usually employed
in rotary printing machines is not shewn in the Drawing:) The relative size
of the cylinders A and B is such that the impression cylinder B will be.
rotated three times during one revolution of the type cylinder A, and thus.
the sheet of paper held by the fingers h upon the cylinder B will be carried
round and presented at each revolution of the impression cylinder B to each.
of the forms of type secured on the type cylinder 'A ing succession, and the
sheet of paper having received the impress of their several colors from each.
form of type, the fingers h will by the opening stud i (seen best in the side
view, Fig. 18;) be thrown back, and caused to release the sheet of paper when
the cylinder B arrives at the position shewn in the. Drawing. This opening
stud i slides in a socket.fixed to the framing, and is thrown forwards into
the path of the tumblerj, (fast on the end of the finger rod h',) by the rocking.
shaft k, which is actuated from the cam l on, the shaft of the cylinder A.
When this cylinder has completed its revolution the tumbler j strikes against.
the opening stud i, and will be thrown over into the dotted position in Fig. 16,
and the fingers h will be opened. A current of air is thrown on to the edge
of the sheet of paper by the rapid revolution of the brush m, and will release
the sheet of paper from the cylinder B, and assist in directing, it on to and
between the tapes of the tape pulleys n and o, which will carry the sheet out
of the machine. Ex altering the relative proportions of the impression
cylinder and type cylinder any number of colours within reasonable limits.
may be printed in the same machine.
The last improvement relates: to flat surface printing machines. In this;
machine the form of type is placed vertically, and the platen or printing
surface is made to vibrate on centres. The paper to be printed is placed on
a table behind the platen, and is fed into the machine by two holding rollers
which take hold of the sheet, when it is printed, and carry it on to the
surface of the platen, which then advances, and takes the impression from the
type. The same motion which carries in the paper to the face of the platen.
carries up the inking rollers which ink the type, and also carries up a set of
fingers which hold the lower edge of the paper on to the platen. The downward
motion of the inking rollers enables this set of fingers, which are connected with
some of the moving parts to take hold of the paper and draw it down from
off the platen in front of the fly frame, which as it vibrates deposits the
printed paper in a pile on the table below. All these motions must of course
be properly tired so as not to interfere with one another. This machine may

page_text: either be driven by means of a. treadle when used for light work, or it may be
driven by power.
This improvement is intended for all kinds of job printing presses, and is shewn
in Sheet VII., in which Fig. 19 is a side elevation of the machine, Fig. 20 is a
plan of the same, Fig. 21 is a section of part of the fly, finger, and gripper move-
ment. The side frames 1, 1, are united by the stretchers 2, 2, 2, and cross
piece 3; to this latter piece the type bed 4 is attached in a vertical position by.
resting on and against the points of the four regulating screws 5, 5, by which the
impression is adjusted. 6 is a vibrating platen, the arms of which are jointed
to the side frames at 7, and the platen is actuated, that is, is drawn up to press
against the form of type 8 on the bed, and is then made to recede by means
of the connecting rods 9, 9, that connect the platen to the cranks 10, 10, on
either end of the main shaft 11. The shaft 11 and cranks 10, 10, are made
to revolve by the wheel 12, fixed on the centre of the shaft, gearing into and
receiving motion from the pinion 13 keyed on the driving shaft 14. This
latter shaft may be driven by the treadle 15 through the connecting rods 16, 16,
and crank pins 17, 17, one of them in one of the arms of the fly wheel 18 on
one end of the shaft, and the other in the rim of the band pulley 19, on the
opposite end, or it may be driven by power if convenient. 20 is the ink foun-
tain, which is furnished with a roller 21, ratchet 22, and regulating screws
23, 23, which act against a scraper, and thus govern the quantity of ink
brought out by the roller. 24 is the ink-distributing cylinder running in sup-
ports 25 from the type bed 4, and is driven from the driving shaft 14 through
the band pulleys 19 and 26 and band 27. A grooved cam 28 is fixed on the
shaft of the distributing cylinder, and a friction roller 29, attached to one of
the supports, runs in the groove; and thus as the cylinder revolves, causes it
to vibrate endways. 30 is the ink-feeding roller, and moves backwards and
forwards between the fountain roller and the distributing cylinder. It runs in
bearings in the arms 31, 31, fixed on the shaft 32, and receives its motion
from another fixed arm 33 that hangs downwards from the same shaft, and is-
struck by a pin 34 in the side of the main wheel 12, as it revolves, and is
forced back so as to bring the feeding roller into contact with the fountain
roller, from which it receives its supply of ink. By the same movement a
pawl 35 on one of the arms 31 engages into one of the teeth of the
ratchet 22 on the fountain roller shaft, and turns the roller a little,
and brings out a fresh quantity of ink. As the pin 34 quits the arm 33 a
spiral torsional spring (not shown on the Drawings) on the shaft 32,
throws the feeding roller over against the distributing cylinder, to which it
imparts its ink..

page_text: Two rollers 36, 36, lie on top of the distributing cylinder, and revolve by
friction of contact with it, and on these again lies the riding roller 37. The
object of these rollers is to aid in the distribution of the ink.
The form-inking rollers 38, 38, turn in bearings in the roller frame 39, that
slides up and down over the form on the guide bars 40, 40, in the following
manner: Two inclined planes 41, 41, are fixed one on each of the arms of
the platen 6, and operate against the friction rollers 42, 42, on the levers
43, 43. One end of each of these levers is jointed to the side frames at 44, 44,
and their opposite ends are connected to the roller frame 39 by the rods
45, 45. As the revolution of the cranks 10, 10 draws the platen 6 up towards
the form, the inclined planes 41, 41, lift the inking roller up in advance of the
platen over the type, which they ink, and in front of and in contact with the
distributing cylinder, where, by the shape of the inclined planes, they are
caused to remain and receive ink until the platen 6 completes its movement,
gives the impression, and recedes sufficiently far to allow the rollers, to re-enter
between the bed and platen, when by their weight they follow the inclined
planes and drop down over the type, to be again brought up by the revolutions
of the crank, as before.
The sheets to be printed are placed on the feed board 46 against the front
feed guides 47, from which separate sheets are taken by fingers, the .con-
struction and operation of which are as follows:-48 and 49 are two sockets
that slide up and down on the square guide bars 50, 50, on either side of the
platen by means of the connecting rods 51, 51, that connect them with the
levers 43, 43, that likewise moves up and down the roller frame-39 by the
inclined planes 41, 41. One end of the finger rod 52 turns in the socket 48,
and the other end in the finger bar 53, and has fingers 54 screwed to it at
suitable distances, and has a crank 55 on its outer end. One end of the finger
bar 53 turns in the socket 49, and the other end turns on the finger rod 52,
and also has a crank 56 on its outer end, so that both finger bar and rod tirn
on a common centre, and are yet independent of each other. The finers
54 close on to the set-off part of the finger bar 53 that runs across the platin,
and the two are kept in contact by a spiral torsional spring (not shown on be
Drawing), one end of which is attached to the bar and the other end to he
rod, and thus press them together, although it allows them to swing aroud
5 together. As the platen recedes, the fingers descend point foremost by he
weight of the set-off part of the finger bar, until the crank 55 on the end of
the finger rod strikes on top of the stop piece 57 fixed on the side frame, wht h
partially turns the rod, and causes the fingers to assume a horizontal position
just over the edge of the sheet. At the same time the crank 56 on the endof

page_text: finger bar descends along the side of the trip piece 58, fixed to the side franie,
which prevents the finger bar from following the fingers to a horizontal
position (which they naturally incline to do by the action of the torsional
spring), until the bar descends below the edge of the sheet, when the crank
runs past and around the end of the trip piece 58, allows. the bar to rise up
under the sheet, and lift it up tightly against the fingers, and at the same time
raises it up over the points of the-feed guides 47. As the platen now begins
to be drawn forward, the fingers and sheet begin to rise, and as the crank 55
on the end of the finger rod runs up, and over the stop piece 57, and the crank
.56 presses back and passes by the trip piece. 58, the fingers resume their former
position of points downwards, and thus draw the sheet off the feed board and
carry it up the face of the platen to be printed. 59, 59, are two adjustable
sheet holders on sockets 60, 60, on the square rod 61, that joints the ends of
the levers 43, 43, to the ends of the connecting rods 45, 45, (see Figs. 19 and
21). They are slotted and have thumbscrews 62, 62, which allow them to be
raised or lowered, so as to fall on the lower edge of the various sized sheets,
and the sockets slide sideways-on the square bar, so as to suit the width of
the sheet. A spiral torsional spring (not seen in the Drawing), one end of
which is fixed to the rod 61 and the other end to the connecting rod 45, throws
the points of the holders forward, until a projection on the rod strikes against
the stop pin. 63. on the connecting rod 45. About the time the fingers-reach
their highest point,..the platen and sheet strike against the points of the sheet
holders, which yield and allow the platen to give the impression on the form,
and then follows the platen back far enough to draw the sheets off the type.
As the platen continues to recede and the fingers commence to descend,
the printed sheet they hold drops down in front of the fly frame 64, fixed to
the fly shaft 65. This shaft is fixed to the arms of the platen, and of course
moves backwards and forwards with it, and as the platen is drawn up to the
bed, a crank pin in the crank 66 on one end of the fly shaft runs up.the
inclined plane 67, fixed to the side frame, lifts and passes the point of the trip
piece 68 (which immediately falls behind it), and thus raises the fly frame.to
an upright position. As the platen recedes, the crank passes back over the trip
piece 68, the top of which is concentric with the joint of the platen arms, and
so holds the-fly.frame stationary while the printed sheet descends in front of
it. As-the platen is about stopping, the crank pin reaches and runs over the
jointed end of the trip piece 68, when the spiral spring 69
on the spring rod
70 which is attached to the crank.71 on the opposite end of the fly shaft 65,
throws over the Ĥy frame and sheet, printed side upwards, on to the fly
board 72.

page_text: Having now described this Invention of improvements in printing madinery,
and having explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, as ammu-
nicated to me by my foreign correspondent, I claim as the Invention scured
to me by Letters Pateut as aforesaid, as follows:-
First, in reference to the improvements shewn in Sheet I., I claim the mode
herein set forth, or any mere modification thereof, for securing stereotype plates
or other analogous printing plates or surfaces on the printing cylinder or roller
of rotary printing machines.
Second, I claim the arrangement or combination of parts shewn in Sheets II.,
III., and V., or any mere modification thereof, whereby the sheets may be
printed on both sides and delivered perfect from the machine; I claim parti-
cularly feeding in the sheets to be printed alternately to the upper and under
side of the feeding-in roller or cylinder, as shewn in Sheet III.
Third, I claim the mode herein set forth of operating the fly frames of large
rotary printing machines; I also claim causing the fly frame g to vibrate or
operate in both directions, as shewn in Sheets II. and III., so that it may
deposit the printed sheets alternately on two separate receiving tables; I
claim the application of this novel construction and mode of working the fly
frame to all kinds of printing or other machinery in which it is required to
deposit sheets of paper as they are delivered from the machine.
Fourth, I claim the mode herein set forth of adapting and operating the
inking apparatus and its appendages.
Fifth, I claim the now arrangement of parts shewn in Sheet VI., or any
mere modification thereof, whereby two, three, or more colours may be printed
in a type-revolving printing machine.
Sixth, in reference to the flat surface printing machine shewn in Sheet VII.
I claim the general arrangement or combination of parts shewn and described,
or any mere modification thereof, whereby like results may be obtained.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.B.)