matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TOOTH-GEARING WHEELS, PULLIES, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS MOTORS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Whittaker, John Whittaker,
and Edwin Whittaker at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
4th February 1881.
WILLIAM WHITTAKER, JOHN WHITTAKER, and EDWIN WHITTAKER, all of
Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers and Millwrights. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TOOTH-GEARING WHEELS, PULLIES, AND OTHER
ANALOGOUS MOTORS."
Our improvements relate to the novel method of fixing the rim of a cog wheel or
pulley to the arms or spokes for the purpose of reducing or minimizing their
liability to fracture.
We cast the rim of a cog wheel or pulley of iron, steel, or other suitable metallic
materials, and make them separate from the arms or boss by which they are fixed
to the shaft. In the inside of the rim is cast a number of short arms, the number
being regulated by the diameter of the cog wheel or pulley, and which corresponds
with the arms cast to the boss or centre. The rim and short arms are attached to
the arms cast on the boss or centre by bolts, screws, or other equivalents.
In making cog wheels and pullies on this plan it is not intended that the rim
and short arms shall be fitted metal to metal with the arms on the centre boss, but
an intervening space is left and is filled with wood or other soft material.
Between the face of the arms cast on the centre boss and the short arms cast in
the inside of the rim is lined with india rubber, wood, or other soft or elastic
material.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR WHETTING SCYTHES BY HAMMERING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Maurice Bauer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 31st May 1881. A communication from
Telesphore Jacquot and Joseph Thirion, Merchants, of Nancy, in the Republic
of France.
MAURICE BAUER, Civil Engineer, of the Firm of M. Bauer & Co., Solicitors of
Patents, at Paris, in the Republic of France. "A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE
FOR WHETTING SCYTHES BY HAMMERING." A communication from Telesphore
Jacquot and Joseph Thirion, Merchants, of Nancy, in the Republic of France.
The object of the said Invention is a machine for whetting scythes by hammering,
which machine consists of the following arrangements:-
The whole apparatus is carried on a tripod, the upper part of which is of iron to
which three supports or legs are fastened; this upper part carries an anvil and has
fastened to it the standard or frame of the machine. This standard or frame serves
as the bearing of a disc furnished with a suitable number of cams, for example,
four. The cam disc is for the purpose of raising a moveable hammer to a certain
height, and then allowing it to fall suddenly. This hammer moves up and down
vertically, and is provided with a changeable and vertically adjustable face.
To each cam of the aforesaid disc a tooth is secured, which when at its lowest
position acts upon a ratchet wheel, turning it one tooth. By each revolution of a
crank handle which sets the whole in motion the hammer is raised and falls four
times, and the ratchet wheel is turned four teeth forwards.
The ratchet wheel is fastened on the shaft, and its movement serves to effect the
feeding forward of the scythe mechanically during the whetting or hammering
operation, for which purpose the scythe is fastened to a cord which is secured to
the shaft and is wound round it.
By these arrangements the scythe is moved forward a short distance after each
blow of the hammer.
In order to increase the blow of the falling hammer the latter is furnished with
spirat springs, which are extended as the hammer rises and contract as it falls,
ncreasing its velocity.
The hammer body is separate from the hammer face, the latter being adjustable
n a vertical direction with reference to the hammer body, so that scythes of various
hicknesses may be hammered or whetted.

page_text: In order to secure the desired position of the hammer face with regard to the
hammer body wedges are arranged by means of which the relative position of the
two parts to each other can be regulated by driving one of the wedges to the right
and the other to the left, or vice versa.
The anvil carries a small adjustable roller which serves to guide the scythe, and
prevent the desired width of whetting or hammering from being exceeded.
The body of the hammer is guided by means of a U shaped strap or cover plate,
and a roller fixed on the standard or frame and taking into a slot formed in the
upper end of the hammer body.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MATCH Box
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Darling at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th September 1881.
JOHN DARLING, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain. "A NEW
OR IMPROVED MATCH Box."
This Invention, which relates to a new or improved match box, has for its
object to prevent a match when struck out of doors from being blown out by
the wind.
The Invention consists in constructing the match box with a perforated chamber
at one end, at the side, at the top, or at the bottom. This perforated chamber also
has in it an opening of sufficient size to admit the ignited inatch, the said opening
being also so formed and of sufficient size to enable the point of a cigar or a pipe
bowl to be applied thereto for being lit.
A form of the improved match box, which is found to answer its object well,
consists of an ordinary oblong casing and drawer constructed after the shape
of an ordinary sliding wooden match box, one half, or third, or thereabouts,
of the length of which has the perforations formed in it, so that when the drawer
containing the matches is pulled outwards for the purpose of taking out a match the
chamber is thereby produced, the inner end of the sliding drawer formning the
bottom of the chamber.
In place of lighting the match before putting it inside the chamber, any suitable
portion of the inside of the chamber may be roughened by fixing sand, emery, or
glass dust therein by glue or other adhesive substance; or the metal of which it is
composed may be roughened so as to produce the striking surface.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE SHOES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Welsby at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th October 1881.
JOSEPH WELSBY, of West Derby, near Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Veterinary Surgeon. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE SHOES."
The object of my Invention is to so construct shoes for horses of metal and india
rubber, or other gum or wood like material in combination, that slipping on asphalte
and other pavements, and on ice or other surfaces, is prevented, and shocks and jars
to the legs and frames of horses mitigated.
Heretofore horse shoes when combined with rubber or other material have had
the said rubber or material attached to so as to project on the underside of the shoe
in one continuous piece, or in several pieces all round the shoe, or both at the toe
and heel thereof. Now I have, found in practice that the above construction of shoe
does not possess the desired advantages, and that their use is not uniformly
beneficial.
Now my Invention consists in constructing the shoe with india-rubber, gum,
wood, or like projecting material at the heel only, the toe being of any usual or
desired construction. The india rubber or material is inserted into grooves or holes
in the shoe, and is secured by dovetailing, or in any suitable manner.
A NEW Method of OPERATING THE KEYS OF ORGANS, PIANOS, HARMONIUMS, AND SIMILAR INSTRUMENTS, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th December 1881. A communi-
cation from abroad by Joseph Bommelaer, of Dunkerque, France.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex. "A NEW Method of
OPERATING THE KEYS OF ORGANS, PIANOS, HARMONIUMS, AND SIMILAR
INSTRUMENTS, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR" A communication from abroad by
Joseph Bommelaer, of Dunkerque, France.
This Invention has for its object to play organs, pianos, harmoniums, and similar
musical instruments mechanically by means of electricity, and consists essentially
in the application of electro-magnets for playing the required notes, which may be
done in the following manner:-A box containing as many electro-magnets as
there are keys is placed over the keyboard, and at one end of this box is adapted
to receive two cylinders, one of which carries the music sheet, while the other
serves to receive the music sheet in proportion as it is unwound from the first
cylinder.
Every electro-magnet acts on an angle lever which depresses the respective key
as soon as an electric current passes through the coil of the magnet, and releases
the key when the current is interrupted. In order to close and break the currents
at the required time, one end of the coil of every electro-magnet is connected with
a conducting bar, from which a wire leads to a battery, while the other pole of the
wire forming the coil is situated in proximity of the said conducting bar and
touches the travelling music sheet. The latter is provided with a number of
metallic stripes or lines which establish the connection with the battery whenever
the end of the wire or its armature touches the metallic line. By suitably
distributing the metallic lines on the travelling music sheet the currents are closed,
and therefore the keys depressed at the required time.
The music sheet may be made of metal and covered with grease or other
insulating substance at those places where the current should be broken; or the
sheet may be made of ordinary paper, and gilt at those places where the metallic
contact should take place."
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS GLOBE GALLERIES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Challender at the Office of
the Cominissioners of Patents on the 17th December 1881.
JOSEPH CHALLENDER of Manchester in the County of Lancaster, Plumber.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS GLOBE GALLERIES."
My Invention relates to the galleries which are employed to secure the glass
globes to gaseliers and other gas fittings and particularly to the class of galleries
which are intended to be adjustable without the use of screws. I form the gallery
with a number of arms say for example with three arins as is usual and I
arrange for one of the arins or for two of the arms or for each arm to swivel upon
a vertical axis that is to say upon an axis which is about parallel with the axis of
the globe. When for example one of the arms is so mounted it can be turned
inwards and the globe being then placed with its edge within the jaws of the
arms the hold upon the globe can be tightened and secured by turning the swivelling
arm outwards again so as to embrace the edge of the globe. The said arm may be
arranged to be held in position by means of a hinged or jointed catch which enters
a slot or recess in a fixed part of the gallery or engages with the arm
or with a fixed part of the gallery or the arm my be secured by any
other suitable means. The said catch may if desired be acted upon by a spring so
as to enter its recess without requiring to be pushed in and several of the said
recesses may be provided so as to allow for different sizes of globes or degrees of
nipping pressure of the swivelling arm or a spring may act upon the arm so as to
give it a tendency to move into position to hold the globe.
IMPROVEMENTS IN IMPLEMENTS FOR CULTIVATING LAND
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Potter Blake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd December 1881.
GEORGE POTTER BLAKE, of No. 14, Eaton Place, in the County of the City of
Exeter, Esquire. "IMPROVEMENTS IN IMPLEMENTS FOR CULTIVATING LAND."
This Invention has for its object improvements in implements for cultivating
land,
In ploughs as now constructed the furrow slice after being separated from the
land in the usual way passes on to a mould board by which it is turned over in
place of this I construct implements for cultivating land in such a manner that the
furrow slice after being separated from the land in the usual way is carried up
into the interior of a revolving cylindrical screen having internal projecting flanges
which strike the earth as it enters and break it up the fine earth and small
stones are ejected to the right hand side through the meshes whilst the large
stones knobs of earth weeds couch and such like are carried upwards towards
the rear end of the cylinder and the large stones weeds &c. are finally ejected
from it into a receiver by which time all knobs of earth will have been broken up
and ejected through the perforations of the cylinder. To effect this I form the
implement of an oblong rectangular frame supported at its rear end by a pair of
wheels (a land wheel and a furrow wheel) carried on axes projecting from opposite
sides of the rear end of the frame. From the front end of the frame a draft beam
projects carrying a coulter and leading land wheel the front of the frame has
also a bar descending froin it to which is secured the plough share. The furrow
slice separated from the land by the coulter and share enters an iron box or
trough by which it is conducted upwards into the forward end of a revolving
cylindrical screen. The axes of this screen are carried in bearings at the two ends
of the rectangular frame and the cylindrical screen has a revolving motion given
to it by gearing from the hinder land wheel.
The passage of the furrow slice upwards along the bottom of the inclined box or
trough from the front of the share to the entrance into the cylindrical screen is
facilitated by a short endless carrying apron or chain kept distended between two
rollers above the sole plate of the share. The hinder roller is driven by a crossed
Do 0.77

page_text: band from the furrow wheel and so gives motion to the endless apron. Tho
upper surface of the apron receives the furrow slice from the front end of the
share and carrying it upwards delivers it into the front end of the cylindrical
screen.
Winding around the interior of the cylindrical screen is a spiral flange projecting
a few inches into the interior of the screen the furrow slice as it enters the
screen is caught by this spiral flange and is broken up by it and driven towards
the upper rear end of the screen. The pulverized earth escapes sidewise through
the perforations of the screen whilst the stones weeds &c. pass from the roar end
of the screen into a receiver as above explained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING AIR TO BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Sowden, Miles Sowden, and
Arthur Sowden at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
5th August 1881.
DAVID SOWDEN, MILES SOWDEN, and ARTHUR SOWDEN, trading as David
Sowden and Sons, Thornton Road, Bradford, in the County of York, Machine
Maker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING
AIR TO BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES."
.
The object of our Invention is to supply air to boiler and other furnaces in such
a manner so as to consume fuel and coal of a low quality, and in a great measuro
consume the smoke arising therefrom.
We accomplish our object by mounting a series of short conical pipes of different
sizes, one pipe partly inserted into the other, but leaving a space around same for
the air to pass. One end of the largest conical pipe is attached to a pipe that is
connected to a plate closing the front of the ashes pit, or to what is known as the
blow hole in a cupola furnace; into the smallest conical pipe is inserted a steam
jet, which blowing into the same causes the air to rush into the pipe through the
spaces before mentioned round the series of cones, thus supplying air to the
furnace.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SOFT METAL PIPES AND IN APPLIANCES AND APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE SAME
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cooke and Daniel Mylchreest
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th December 1881.
WILLIAM COOKE and DANIEL MYLCHREEST of Liverpool in the County of
Lancaster, Marine Engineers and Naval Architects. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SOFT
METAL PIPES AND IN APPLIANCES AND APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF THE SAME."
The object of our Invention is to produce lead composition and other soft or
ductile metal pipes capable of withstanding the action of frost or great changes of
temperature, that is to say pipes which are sufficiently elastic or expandible and
will consequently not burst or split when water or other liquid becomes frozen in
them. For this purpose we make the pipes fluted or grooved longitudinally or
spirally but mainly longitudinally.
That we effect by forcing the metal through over or past dies and mandrels of
the required configuration.
The apparatus which we employ consists of dies and mandrels of the required
shape when the pipes are to be formed at one operation by hydraulic pressure or
casting. Where pipes are first made circular and afterwards Huted or grooved we
for the latter purpose pass them between a series of rolls or between diagonal
friction screw rolls, the latter being specially suitable for giving helical grooving.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR SIFTING CEMENT AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Butler, George Skudder, and
Henry Fabian at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
17th August 1881.
GEORGE BUTLER, 2, Ivy Cottages, Acton Green Road, Turnham Green, London,
GEORGE SKUDDER, Longley Villa, Thorburn Square, London, S.E., and HENRY
FABIAN, Dashwood House, 9, New Broad St., London. "AN IMPROVED MACHINE
FOR SIFTING CEMENT AND OTHER MATERIALS."
The material to be sifted is conducted into one end of a sievo having a recipro-
cating motion; traversing the length of the sieve is one or more worms moving tho
unsifted material over the sifting frames until it passes out at the end; the sifted
material drops through the sieve and is conducted away as desired. The machine
is driven by a fast and loose pulley on a shaft running in a cross direction or
otherwise to the sieve, the worm or worms being actuated by suitable gearing; at
each end of the pulley shaft is a fly wheel disc having a crank pin or pins connected
to a gudgeon or gudgeons by a connecting rod or rods giving the sieve the necessary
motion; the gudgeon or gudgeons are placed in the most desirable places on the
sieve frame. The sifting part of the machine is all contained within a suitable
casing, and the ends of the sieves are suspended from the casing.
We also reserve the right to place the sieve at an angle, in which case we may
or may not use the worm or worms.
IMPROVEMENT
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Booth Scarlett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th March 1881.
JAMES BOOTH SCARLETT, of the City and County of Oxford.
IN MARINE GOVERNORS."
"IMPROVEMENTS
According to this Invention I regulate the steam admission to the engine in
proportion to or in accordance with the resistance encountered by the upper
portion of the propeller, or the portion at or near the surface of the water, or in
accordance with the immersion or otherwise of the propeller, and especially the
upper portion of same; and I at the same time cause the governor to act as or
with an auxiliary propeller. For this purpose I place a small propeller on a shaft
placed above the main propeller shaft, and by preference so high up that the top of
the small auxiliary propeller fixed thereon is about level with the top of the main
propeller. This auxiliary propeller shaft passes into the interior of the vessel, say,
through a stern post stuffing box and into the screw passage or tunnel, where it is
fitted with a strap or other pulley or wheel receiving motion from the main
propeller shaft. The end thrust of the auxiliary propeller shaft is taken up by a
collar sleeve or crosshead and a helical or other spring, the tension or compression
of which should be adjustable, say, by hand wheel and screw sleeve. The collar
or crosshead is by lever or other gear connected to the steam throttle or other
admission valve. The pulley or wheel on the auxiliary shaft may have a feather
or groove, and the shaft a corresponding groove or feather, so that the shaft can
freely slide endways as required.
The action of this arrangement is as follows:-When the vessel is running in a
rough sea the pitching of the vessel or the trough formed between two waves at
the stern of the vessel will cause a constant variation in the depth of immersion of
the main propeller, but this variation will be far more marked in the auxiliary
propeller, which will frequently be partly or wholly out of water; the resistance
encountered by the auxiliary propeller will thus vary considerably, and the least
variation will materially vary the end thrust against it; the spring acting against
it endways will thus be acted on in proportion to the thrust, and so that the
greater the thrust the further will the auxiliary shaft be pressed against the force
LD031

page_text: This
of the spring and the more fully will the throttle valve be opened; vice versa, the
smaller the end thrust the more will the force of the spring push the shaft in the
opposite direction, and the more fully will the throttle valve be shut.
governor will thus possess great sensitiveness, and will at the same time, when the
immersion at the stern is greatest (that is, when most needed), be most useful as an i
auxiliary propeller; the friction of this governor is also small.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry James Grout at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th November 1881.
WILLIAM HENRY JAMES GROUT, of Watson Street, Stoke Newington, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH
VELOCIPEDES."
This Invention relates to improvements in and connected with velocipedes, and
consists, firstly, in an improved arrangement of brake power, which I call a com-
pensating double band brake, its action being brought on the hubs of the large
wheels of tricycles and other similar vehicles, chiefly those that drive from one
wheel only, the other running loose on its axle, and generally known as open front
machines having the guiding wheel at the rear. The object of this brake is to
prevent the swinging round of a tricycle when the brake is applied to one wheel
more than the other, and thereby prevent its accidental turning over.
To carry
out my object I use two steel bands fitted round the drums on the hubs of tho
wheels. To these bands is attached a strong metal chain (or gut, straps, or flexible
bands, or other suitable material may be employed) passing over pulleys or rollers
fitted to the frame. One other pulley or roller is mounted in the end of a lever
which is worked on a bracket fastened to the frame. By pushing this lever
forward the pulley on it draws the chain up from both ends and pulls each band
tight on the hubs of the wheels. Should one band be more slack than the other it
is instantly taken up and an equal strain transmitted to both brakes at the same
time.
Secondly. My improvements relate to the bevel gearing employed more or less in
driving velocipedes. In order to reduce friction 1 Inake the teeth of the pinions
(or those of the wheels if necessary) with a number of conical rollers shaped
suitably to gear into the teeth of the bevel or mitro wheels. These wheels I make
of a much coarser pitch than usual, and shape the teeth with a round face to
facilitate their smooth running with the roller teeth of the bevel wheels or pinions.
The rollers may be made to run on points cut on their ends, or be drilled through
to revolve on pins fastened into the plates that form the body of the wheel, or in
other convenient manner.

page_text: My improvements relate, thirdy, to the cranks of tricycles, and consist in making
them hollow, either by bending tubes to the required shape, or making them in
parts and joining such parts by screwing, brazing, or otherwise.
Another improvement consists in an improved treadle. I form the treadle in
halves (lengthwise) and to revolve on steel balls by having a groove cut in each
half for the balls to run in. I cover one side of the pedal with india rubber or
cork, and the other with bars of metal points or teeth, thus preventing the foot of
the rider slipping in muddy weather. It is obvious that I can use parallel or other
bearings with this pedal as well as balls.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ASTRONOMICAL APPARATUS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th July 1881. A communication
from abroad by Jean Blanc and Claude Dumas, both of Lyons, France.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ASTRONOMICAL APPARATUS." A communication from abroad by Jean Blanc
and Claude Dumas, both of Lyons, France.
The object of the Invention is to demonstrate by machinery that the earth is
obliged to revolve in 24 hours around its axis by the dilatation and condensation
of the air sphere by which it is enveloped. For this purpose we make a globe and
surround it by several dilating apparatus fixed on the globe, each apparatus
consisting of a copper-pipe shut on one side and open on the other, which fits
exactly into a second copper pipe soldered to a reflector. The two pipes can slide
upon each other.
The reflector is also made of copper, and is semi-spherical,
covered with nickel internally and provided with a.reflecting glass, all escape of
air being prevented. By putting a reflector or lense opposite to the above
apparatus and exposing the same to the sun, the air in the dilating apparatus is
dilated by the heat and pushes the movable arm with the reflector outwards. This
elongation of all the arms under the influence of the lense causes a sinking of the
whole apparatus. Meanwhile the dilated arms return into their normal length and
so a perpetual rotation is obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KEYS FOR LOCKS OF ALL KINDS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Strauss at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd June 1881. A communication
from abroad by Otto Strauss, of Frankfort on the Main, in the Empire of
Germany.
CARL STRAUSS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Merchant.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KEYS FOR LOCKS OF ALL KINDS." A communication from
abroad by Otto Strauss, of Frankfort on the Main, in the Empiro of Germany.
This Invention relates to keys for locks of all kinds, and has for its object the
indicating by the appearance or condition of the key itself after its withdrawal or
removal from the lock whether the lock .has been left in a locked or unlocked
condition. According to one mode of carrying out this Invention the key is made
in two or more parts, the one part turning more or less (by preference a half
revolution) within the other part. One part is provided with a circumferential
slot extending, say, half round the stem, whilst the other part carries a small stud
which works within the said slot. A conveniently disposed spring which may or
may not be concenied within the key, serves to maintain the stud at one end or
the other of the slot until again used for locking or unlocking; such slot being if
desired formed with a notch at either or both ends in order the better to hold the
stud in its place. The key may also, if desired, be marked at either or both
ends of the slot so as to facilitate the ready ascertaining of the condition of the
lock.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLE SHADES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Wylam at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th December 1881.
EDWARD WYLAM of Henry Street Bermondsey in the County of Surrey
Manufacturer. " IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLE SHADES."
This Invention relates to improved means of preventing candles from guttering
whilst at the same time the appearance of the light is improved.
This object is at present attempted to be overcone by means of shades of paper
which are loosely attached to a slide over the candle and are held in their places
by means of wire. One objection to these shades is that they do not fall as the
candle burns and that when the candles have been lighted for some time the flame
of the candle appears above the shade and no protection is afforded to the light.
Now by my Invention I make the entire shade of glass the lower portion of the
glass being made the size of the candle so as to slide over it the upper portion
which commences from the portion of the candle slightly below the burning point
is expanded into an inverted cone or bell shape and this upper portion which
forms the shade or protection for the flame of the candle may be of opal or colored
or ornamented in any desired manner. The lower portion of the bell or converted
cone may be perforated with small holes to afford air for combustion and as the
candle burns the entire shade keeps its original position as respects the burning
point of the candle.
AN IMPROVED-BOOKCASE-BED-WARDROBE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Caroline Pratt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th August 1881.
CAROLINE PRATT, of No. 30, Bromfelde Road, Clapham, in the County of Surrey,
Teacher of Music. "AN IMPROVED-BOOKCASE-BED-WARDROBE."
Front 7ft. high, 4ft. 4in. long, when closed; open 6ft. 6in., 2ft. 6in. wide.
Top of case open; front, 4 doors, 2, top with silk panels made to slide out either
way with imitation lock; 2 lower, mahogany polished panels with lock and key;
sides of case in panels, right side open, with 2 doors; by being pushed from the
inside, lower one put up for bottom of bed with 2 brackets.
Inside case top, bottom of bedstead lathes, each one made to come out, and to
hold all the bedding; under these 2 wardrobe shelves. The whole when moved to
come into three parts.
It will be obvious that my improved bookcase bed-wardrobe may be made in
any other size than that above described, and ornamented as desired.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR MAKING SILK RAGS INTO SILK SHODDY
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Dawerdt at the Office of tho
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th October 1881.
CARL DAWERDT, of Berlin, Germany. " A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR
MAKING SILK RAGS INTO SILK SHODDY."
Since the Invention was made to make the rags of sheep wool divided into
threads and apt for spinning, for which proceeding however silk rags remained
unfit, professional men always tried to find out how to prepare silk rags also for
the purpose of being spun anew, so much the more as this sort of rags hitherto not
even could be used in the fabrication of paper, and at most only in manufacturing
of paste board.
Repeatedly machines were constructed for the purpose, of which one that was
patented in Prussia was the best, & in several parts equal to the construction of the
machine here in question. But that machine even did not answer the purpose
properly; and, first, by the essential alteration which will be found in the present
construction, a produce of threads is obtained which answer the purpose entirely,
especially so in consequence of using india rubber cylinder instead of an iron
cylinder or roller in connection with a steel bowl or stay pressed up by levers. Tho
circumstance that silk rags ought to be subjected to a chemical process before the
same can be divided into threads by a machine, appears having remained unknown
to the constructor of the said machine.
The proceeding of dividing the rags into threads is as follows:-The silk rag
which, as beforementioned, in previously subjected to a chemical process, is placed
upon the table T, and is brought under the india-rubber roller W, to which the
steel stay M is pressed by means of the levers H hanging on each side. The steel
stay edges itself in a vertical direction till c, c, one millimeter thick level with the
line of junction of the central points of the indiarubber roller W, and the dented
cylinder 2, where it ends. The slowly rotating cylinder W (about 11 rotations in
a minute) which exactly fits the steel stay is carrying the silk rag as far as the
end of the stay, keeps it there up to the last rest of it, until the same by the
dented cylinder Z making about 2000 rotations in a minute is divided into threads
of about 2 to 5 centimeter length. The brush roll, making about 3000 rotations in

page_text: a minute, brushes the threads from the dented roll Z, and the whole quantity of
threads is ready to be spun. The dente roll and the brush roll are covered by a
box, whereby the threads are kept together. By raising the machine up higher the
axle A, together with the strapwheel, can also be placed underneath of the cylinder
W and Z, but this does not seem to be advisable, as then the wheelstraps will 5
become rather short.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN HOISTING AND LOWERING APPARATUS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th May 1881. A communication
from abroad by Alfred Guérolt and Albert Blondel, both of Deville-les-Rouen,
in the Republic of France.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HOISTING AND LOWERING APPARATUS." A communication from abroad
by Alfred Guérolt and Albert Blondel, both of Deville-les-Rouen, in the Republic
of France.
The improvements relate to apparatus intended more particularly for use as a
fire escape, being extension ladder sides, so to speak, and consist in or of telescopic
supports intended to be used side by side and to carry a cradle or platform between
them, said cradle being worked up and down by chains and suitable pulleys or
winding gear. The improvements are performed by making the two side supports
or pillars separate from each other and telescopic fashion, the amount of slide being
nade equal in each; at the top a hinged cross-bar connects the supports, and at
the bottom a hollow stay rod or bar fitted with hooks and an extension arrangement
for allowing of some adjustment of the stay. The side pillars are each furnished
with their extension gear and with elevating gear for elevating each end of the
cradle equally. The whole may be of metal or of metal and wood combined.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BALL VALVES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Edward Lucas at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th March 1881.
+
ALBERT EDWARD LUCAS, of Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BALL VALVES."
I am aware that attempts have been made to produce a satisfactory ball valve,
but at the present time there are, I believe, only about two descriptions in general
use; one consisting of an ordinary cock set horizontally, the ball lever being
attached direct to one end of the plug; the other being what is called a partial
Equilibrium Valve." The first of these is constantly out of order, either too
loose and leaking, or too tight and sticking, so as not to act properly; the second is
expensive to make, and being packed with leather and having an india rubber
valve is also liable to stick and generally gives much trouble.
"
Now my valve is at once simple, cheap, and efficient, and consists by preference
of a circular recessed chamber with a seat at the bottom, in which fits loosely an
ordinary mushroom valve; a branch opens out from the chamber, screwed to it if
necessary, through which the water or other liquid enters. The ball lever is
generally jointed at or near the bottom of the valve, and the end is turned over so
as to resemble a cam. The action is as follows:-The water enters above or
behind the valve, so that if the tank be full and the ball held up the pressure
closes the valve, and the heavier the pressure the tighter the valve is closed; but
if the tank be empty or partly so and the ball drops, the cam end of the leaver
raises the valve more or less according to the height of the water in the tank, and
the water or other fluid passes the valve into the tank until as it fills and raises
the ball again, the valve is permitted to drop onto its seating and cuts off the
supply.
For ordinary purposes I make the whole valve of brass, but I may employ other
materials instead; for instance, for chamcals it could be made of earthenware,
glass, or vulcanite, or when the chamber is brass the valve could have an indiarubber
face, though I prefer the plain, brass in general as being simpler and cheaper and
less likely to get out of order.
It will be observed that modifications may be made; as a hinge valve for instance
in place of the mushroom valve, and the cam could work within the chamber in

page_text: a loop on top of the valve, but as this would necessitate a stuffing box or equivalent
I do not as a rule care for it so much as the plan first described.
When required, a pin or wire is placed across the chamber to prevent the valve
dropping out if carried about.
When great nicety is desirable, the valve may be raised by a pointed pin or 5
equivalent resting upon the end of the ball lever.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CUTTING PROFILES IN THREE, FOUR, OR MORE SIDED OBJECTS, AS FLAT SIDED BALUSTERS, PILLARS, NEWEL POSTS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Morgan at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th October 1881. A communication
from abroad by Eduard Bahn, of Charlottenburg, near Berlin, in the Kingdom
of Prussia, and Empire of Germany.
THOMAS MORGAN, Secretary of the Inventors' Patent Right Association, Limited,
of 21, Cockspur Street, Charing Cross, Westminster, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CUTTING PROFILES IN THREE, FOUR, OR
MORE SIDED OBJECTS, AS FLAT SIDED BALUSTERS, PILLARS, NEWEL POSTS, AND
OTHER ARTICLES." (A communication from abroad by Eduard Bahn, of Charlot-
tenburg, near Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, and Empire of Germany.)
The object of this Invention is a machine for shaping roughly cut pieces of wood
to finely profiled pillars, balusters, etc. These wood bars are arranged in a kind of
endless bed which leads them slowly past the quickly revolving cutters.
The wood bars are so clamped in the movable endless bed that they can be
turned for 90° so as to offer a second side to the cutters when they pass again.
The main parts of my machine are two strong parallel endless chains, running over
two chain wheels keyed upon two horizontal shafts in a convenient frame, carrying
also on a slide rest the revolving cutters with their shaft and appurtenances for
motion. The chains are formed of flat iron links with holes therein to be pushed
on the connecting bolts.
The connecting bolts project on both sides of the chains, and are provided on the
inner side with clamp chucks to clamp the ends of the roughly squared wood bars
from which the balusters, pillars, etc. shall be shaped. On the outer side the bolts
carry toothed wheels, engaging at each full revolution of the endless table with
two toothed cams fastened to the frame, so as to turn the wood bars for 90° and
to present the other sides of the wood bars to the cutters in a self acting manner.
The chains are guided near the cutters between fixed cheeks, so that the wood
bars under operation lean against a firmly resisting bed. The endless chain and
appurtenances are so arranged that they can be approached towards each other
[Price 2d.]

page_text: when short pieces of wood are to be clamped between them. Instead of the chains
I can also employ slotted or grooved discs, the grooves having a circular or nearly
circular form, with straight parts on the side of the cutters. I then provide the
clamp chucks with square heads to be guided in the grooves of the said discs,
which are firmly placed upon the bed of a turning lathe, while two revolving discs
with radial slots carry the clamp chucks, and give the wood bars motion against
the cutters.
AN IMPROVED EYE SHADE, FAN, OR SCREEN TO BE USED TO PROTECT THE EYES FROM LIGHT WHICH TENDS TO DAZZLE AND OVERPOWER THE EYES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th March 1881.
A communication by Doctor Carl von Cohausen, of Heidelberg, in the Empire
of Germany.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, Proprietor of the Firm of J. Brandt and
G. W. von Nawrocki, Patent Agent, of 124, Leipziger Strasse, Berlin, in the
Empire of Germany. "AN IMPROVED EYE SHADE, FAN, OR SCREEN TO BE USED
TO PROTECT THE EYES FROM LIGHT WHICH TENDS TO DAZZLE AND OVERPOWER
THE EYES." A communication by Doctor Carl von Cohausen, of Heidelberg, in
the Empire of Germany.
My Invention relates more particularly to an improved device to be used as a
fan or shade to protect the eyes from bright or dazzleing lights in theatres and
other places of assembly, but is also applicable to be employed as a fire screen and
other like purposes. To this end pieces of colord glass or gelatine are inlaid in the
fan, shade, or screen in any suitable manner as will ornament the same, and may
be of any suitable shape. The amount of tone-colour in the glass or gelatine is
varied to suit different sights. The fan, shade, or screen can be made of any
suitable size, form, and material.
AN IMPROVED COMBINED ROTARY KNIFE AND FORK CLEANER
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Scott at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th July 1881.
WALTER SCOTT, of Haverstock Hill, Hampstead, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer. "AN IMPROVED COMBINED ROTARY KNIFE AND FORK CLEANER."
The object of this Invention is a new or improved combination of appliances for
cleaning knives and forks by rotary action.
The Invention consists of two discs provided with lugs or pins on the outer faces
at or near the edges for lacing wires, by which segmental pieces of leather are
secured in position in addition to being cemented to the inner surfaces of the
discs. The inner surfaces of the discs are provided with concentric grooves for the
reception of rubber rings which form cushions between the discs and the leather.
The central portions of the discs are dished, and an aperture is provided in one
of them for the supply of fine emery or other cleaning and polishing powder, and a
slit is formed at the radial lines or meeting edges of the segmental pieces of leather
to near the outer edges for the free passage of the powder to the central portions
of the leathers.
The spindle on which the discs are mounted is extended on one side and this
carries a series of buffing leather rings of varying diameters to enable metal or
other forks to be cleaned on the edges of said rings, a trough being fitted under for
the supply of the cleaning and polishing powder thereto. Outside the knife
cleaning discs and on the frame by which said discs are supported, I fit a couple of
grooved rollers as guides to the knives, one of these rollers has one or more rubber
rings in its grooves, and the roller is capable of being turned end for end on its
axle pin in order that table or desert knives, or a carving knife, may be guided
into between the discs as may be desired.
One of the discs is fixed on the spindle, the other being forced to rotate with it
by surface contact due to the bite or pressure of the rubber rings in the
concentric grooves.
Any powder escaping from the discs is caught by a trough arranged under them,
said trough being capable of easy removal to allow the contents to be emptied
into the spout or aperture for re-use by the discs.
ROVRENCHES AND DRILL
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Lunt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th June 1881. Partly a communication
from abroad by Thomas McLean, of New York, in the United States.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
HENRY LUNT, of Crewe, in the County of Cheshire.
WRENCHES AND DRILLS." Partly a communication from abroad by Thomas
McLean, of New York, in the United States.
The object of my Invention is to save time and labour in the screwing up of
nuts and bolts and also in drilling.
My Invention consists in the use of a toothed wheel having around it on its
upper and lower surface a circular 'groove carried in the forked end of a lever, in
which it is so fitted as to have a certain amount of play. To this lever also is
secured a piece in the form of a segment of a circle, having teeth internally
Corresponding with those in the wheel hereinbefore mentioned. This segmental
piece is so attached to the lever handle as to have a certain amount of play or
movement.
The toothed wheel is cut away at its centre, so as to have a square, hexagon,
or other suitably shaped slot to come over and grip the head of nut or bolt.
That part of the lever handle next the wheel is made in one, two, or more parts,
which may be either fixed or moveable on the wheel. The other part of the lever
handle is secured to that first named by a pin, and is set an angle thereto, and can
be reversed if desired.
The wheels can be removed at will, and replaced by others of larger or smaller
diameter, as may be required, to fit the different sizes of nuts and bolts; or the
square or other shaped slot may be fitted with a socket or sockets of different
sizes, so as to answer the same purpose without removing the wheel. For drilling
purposes the socket can be replaced by drills of any size required to be used.
The screwing or drilling action is effected by the operation of the segmental
tooth piece on the teeth of grooved and slotted wheel, the biting and releasing
being effected by the alternate movement of the lever.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FEED PUMPS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Horatio Frederick Phillips at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th July 1881.
HORATIO FREDERICK PHILLIPS, of Hammersmith, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FEED PUMPS."
The chief object of this Invention is to provide a feed pump for the engines of
torpedo boats, whereby the use of cumbersome gearing to reduce the speed of the
pump in order that it may feed properly will be avoided, but the Invention is also
applicable to marine, locomotive, and other fast speed engines generally.
The Invention consists in an arrangement of pump in which no suction valve
is used, the piston or plunger being drawn back beyond the supply inlet to allow
for the inflow of water to the cylinder, the return stroke of the piston or plunger
forcing the fluid past the delivery valve, and at the same time closing the inlet.
To this end the cylinder or barrel is formed with the delivery valve at one end,
the supply pipe being connected to an annular recess or passage in the cylinder
near the opposite end. The piston or plunger is bucket shaped, and the back of
the plunger head is in connection with a crank or excentric, which is driven in
any convenient manner from and at the same speed as the engine.
"
"
As it is essential that the piston or plunger shall make a dwell or move
slowly while the cylinder is filling, I use a jointed connecting rod or a short
connecting rod and guide to connect the piston with the crank, which will cause
the "dwell" necessary to allow the cylinder or barrel to fill up entirely.
The action of the pump is as follows:-The piston is drawn back until the inlet
is opened, when the water in the annular passage will rush in to fill up the
vacuum which is created by the piston retiring, drawing in with it enough to fill
the cylinder. The return stroke of the piston closes the inlet, and forces the
water contained in the cylinder through the delivery valve.
As the inlet passage is in connection with an air chamber, and its area is much
greater than that of the delivery passage, directly the inlet is opened the water
contained in the passage and air chamber will rush into the cylinder, thereby
filling it, the chamber and passage refilling during the forward stroke of the
piston.
By this arrangement I am enabled to provide for a full flow of water into the
cylinder, notwithstanding the speed at which the pump is being worked, and the
difficulties hitherto experienced when working feed pumps at high speeds are
entirely avoided.