IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS, AND IN APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Albert Krank, of Moreton Terrace, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRIFUGAL
PUMPS, AND IN APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH.”
Cold Th
AL 100
ليم
1 1070
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Albert Krank at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th March 1879.
ALBERT KRANK, of Moreton Terrace, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS, AND APPLIANCES CONNECTED THERE-
WITH."
My Invention has for its object the improvement of the form of centrifugal
pumps and the appliances connected therewith, so as to produce a cheaper and
more efficient pump than those at present known.
My improved pump consists of a main casting closed with a circular cover on
one face, within which is contained the revolving disc and the arms cast therewith
or fixed thereon.
The water admission pipe is cast as part of, and in the centre of, the main
casing. The delivery pipe is also cast as part of, and tangentially to the side of
the said casing.
The circular cover before mentioned as closing one face of the casing, carries a
wide journal at its centre in which the fan spindle revolves. There is also an open
bracket in the centre of this cover, in which is a second outside journal to assist in
supporting the revolving fan spindle. The revolving disc is fixed by a boss on the
spindle. It has such a shape as to allow the stream of water to bend gradually
along the disc on the main casting, and to keep the water section constant. At its
circumference it is parallel to the cylindrical part of the main casing, leaving a
space between the casing and itself. The circular cover is supplied with a deep
register or tongue, which enters into this space at the extreme circumference. The
face of this tongue or register is not parallel to the plane of the cover, but is
deepest at the point just. beyond the tangential exit orifice in the casing, and
becomes shallower in the direction of revolution, until it reaches again the deepest
[Price 6d.

page_text: point opposite the delivery orifice. The face of this tongue is. thus spiral to the
plane of the cover, with a perpendicular rise beyond the orifice of delivery, where
the deepest and shallowest portions meet. It is so arranged in order to allow for
the accumulating volume of water set in rotation by the central disc at its extreme
circumference, and the perpendicular step has the effect of diverting the revolving
water into the delivery orifice.
The revolving vanes or arms commence at the central boss, and extend to the
circumference of a revolving disc on which they are cast or otherwise fixed. They
decrease when radial at their inner ends gradually in depth towards the centre, so
as to give the water the necessary speed without sudden shock.
As the casing, disc, and cover, are all made circular, any faces of these parts
may be turned where high speed water is to pass, and by this means the friction
would be diminished, and the resistance lessened by the shallowness' of the water
path and the small rubbing surface.
I apply an improved stuffing box to this revolving shaft, to prevent the leakage
of water from the casing through the inner bearing. Next to the inner bearing I
fit on the shaft a ring, pinned, so that it must revolve with the shaft, and which
bears with its inner face against the journal. The outside face of this ring is
bevelled, by preference, next to the shaft, so that a water pressure may be obtained
upon this ring varying with the internal pressure of the water in the casing.
Against this ring I apply two rings of india rubber, one plain, and the next bent,
so as to lie on the shaft like a cup leather, and I compress these india rubber rings
with a back nut screwed on the shaft and revolving with it, or by any other
suitable means. Thus the ring, the india rubber packing, and the back nut or
pressing arrangement, all revolve with the shaft, and the bearing is between the
face of the first ring and the inner journal. The said ring can be made to bear
with any desired pressure by the elastic packing and the pressing arrangement,
and thus a tight and durable stuffing box is obtained. But it must be understood
that I may use any other suitable form of elastic packing in conjunction with any
suitable pressing arrangement that will fulfil the above expressed conditions of
giving an elastic bearing pressure on the inside ring, and prevent the water from
passing any further along the revolving shaft.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Albert Krank in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th September
1879.
"
ALBERT KRANK, of Moreton Terrace, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS, AND IN APPLIANCES CONNECTED THERE-
WITH."
My Invention has for object the improvement of the form of centrifugal pumps
and the appliances connected therewith, so as to produce a cheaper and more
efficient pump than those at present known.
My improved pump consists of a circular main casing closed with a circular
cover on one face, within which is contained the revolving disc and the vanes
fixed thereon. The fluid admission pipe is cast as part of, and in the centre of, the
main casing. The delivery pipe is also cast as part of, and tangentially to the side
of the said casing. The circular cover before mentioned, as closing one face of the
casing, carries a wide journal in its centre in which the disc spindle revolves. The
cover is provided with a tongue, which enters the cavity in the main casting at the
circumference. The tongue is deepest at the point just beyond the delivery orifice
in the casing, and becomes shallower in the direction of the revolution until it
again reaches the deepest point. The face of the tongue is thus spiral to the plane
of the cover, with a perpendicular rise where the deepest and shallowest portions
meet. The tongue is spiral in order to allow space for the accumulating water or
other fluid, and the perpendicular rise has for its object to direct the accumulated
water into the delivery pipe.
The revolving disc is fixed by a boss on the spindle, and carries the vanes on
the side which faces against the admission pipe.
I apply an improved stuffing box or packing to prevent the leakage of water
from the casing through the bearing. Next to the bearing I place a ring, pinned, so
as to revolve with the spindle. Behind the ring I compress an elastic packing by
a back nut or other suitable means. The elastic packing has for its object to keep
the ring close to the journal end, and provent the water from passing any further
along the spindle. If desired, the above described ring may be bevelled inwards at
the outer end, so as to get the back pressure to vary according to the pressure in
the pump. The ring, the packing, and the compressing arrangement revolve with
the spindle, and as the ring can slide along the spindle, any wear at the end of it is
taken up by the elasticity of the packing.
I will now proceed to explain the Invention by reference to the accompanying
Drawing, in which Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation, Figure 2 a back
elevation (half in section), and Figure 3, a plan of a centrifugal pump (with radial
vanes), constructed according to my Invention; Figures 4, 5 and 6 are similar
views of a centrifugal pump (with curved vanes) constructed according to my
Invention; Figure 7 is a detailed view of my improved packing arrangement for
the pump with a long spindle, as shewn in Figures 1, 2, and 3; and Figure 8, is a
detailed view of the packing for a pump with a short spindle. Similar letters in
all the Figures represent similar parts.
A is the main casing, cast with admission pipe or opening a, and delivery pipe
or opening 6; B is the cover carrying the journal c, and the spiral tongue d; C is
the spindle; and D is the revolving disc with the vanes e thereon.
The spiral tongue d is in the pump with radial vanes of cast iron; but in the
pump with curved vanes, where the tongue requires to be broader, I prefer to make
the tongue d of wrought iron, as shewn in Figures 4 and 5, in which fis a wrought
iron drum fixed to the cover B. The drum f carries a helically bent plate g by
means of supports h, and the face of this plate g forms the face of the tongue.
I will now describe my improved packing arrangement by reference to Figure 7,
in which i is the bevelled ring which closes against the end of the journal c; kc is

page_text: the elastic packing which presses the ring i against the end of the journal c and
prevents the fluid from passing further along the disc, and is the back nut by
which the packing k is compressed. If the spindle is short and the disc receives
its motion from a pulley m, as shewn in Figures 4 and 6, the boss n, Figure 8, of
the pulley m, takes the place of the ring i, and the packing k is compressed by a
screw o, Figure 8, in the end of the spindle c.
The operation of my improved pump is as follows:
The water enters through the admission pipe a into the space between the disc
D and the end of the main casing A. Acted on by the vanes e, the water receives
a rotating motion which carries it out through the delivery pipe b after it has
been accumulated in the front of the spiral tongue d.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention and the best means I am
acquainted with for carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that
I do not confine myself to the precise details herein laid down and shewn in the
Drawing, as the same may be varied without departing from the peculiar character
of my Invention, but what I do claim is,-
Firstly. The peculiar construction and arrangement of the circular main casing
and cover, whereby I am enabled to obtain a spiral receiver for the accumulating
water, as herein before described and represented in the accompanying Drawing.
Secondly. The construction and employment of the improved packing, as herein-
before described and represented in the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Albert Krank, have hereto set my hand and
seal, this Sixteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.
A. KRANK. (L.S.)