IMPROVEMENTS TREATMENT OF INDIA-RUBBER, GUTTA PERCHA, OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TYPE AND OTHER ARTICLES THEREFROM FOR PRINTING AND OTHER USES
Year: 1868

page_text: THE
LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Jefferson Mayall, of No. 30, Budge Row,
in the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
TREATMENT OF INDIA-RUBBER, GUTTA PERCHA, OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF, AND
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TYPE AND OTHER ARTICLES THEREFROM FOR PRINTING
AND OTHER USES."
Sealed the 29th December 1868, and dated the 9th July 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Jefferson Mayall
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 9th July 1868.
1. THOMAS JEFFERSON MAYALL, of No. 30, Budge Row, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In
PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF INDIA-RUBBER, GUTTA PERCHA, OR COMPOUNDS
THEREOF, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TYPE AND OTHER ABIILES THEREFROM
FOR PRINTING AND OTHER USES," to be as follows:-
In the ease of india rubber I combine with. sav. 8 lbs. of that material

page_text: matters having been thoroughly combined by the action thereon of
heated rollers are pressed into a mould of the desired form, and then
subjected to progressive heat, which supposing the thickness of the
combined material to be one inch, may be for the first two hours 232°
Fahrenheit, then for 1 hour 245° Fahrenheit, then the next hour 255°
Fahrenheit, then the next hour 265° Fahrenheit, then the next hour
275° Fahrenheit, then the next hour 285° Fahrenheit, then the next
hour 295° Fahrenheit. These proportions however may in each case
be varied, as may also the periods and degrees of heat referred to,
especially to the thickness of material for the time under operation. In
this manner may blocks be treated to obtain hardness uniformly through-
out of thicknesses varying from inch to 2 inches and more.
To obtain type or other forms used in printing or other repre-
sentations the moulds will be adapted or be capable of receiving parts
for effecting the desired representation to the material under pressure.
Or these impressions may be given to the material in either case
after it has been hardened as stated by pressure of the block of such
material on to a matrix or mould of the desired form or forms at
a temperature of from about 3.12° to 350° Fahrenheit, or sufficient to
soften the surface of the material and admit of its being pressed fully
into parts of the impression to be taken. When cold in either case the
blocks may then be cut up as desired. In the case of type I first
ent the block up into strips between the rows of letters. These strips I
then groove or cut across the stems to carry the respective letters to
indicate the top or bottom of the letter, and then I cut each strip into
separate letters by means of a series of circular or other saws. To
facilitate these operations it is desirable that all the letters of a row be
alike or of the same size.
30
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Jefferson Mayall in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 8th January 1869.

page_text: of
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of July, in the year
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Iler heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Thomas Jefferson Mayall, Her special licence
that I, the said Thomas Jefferson Mayall, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as 1, the said Thomas Jefferson Mayall,.
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF INDIA-RUBBER, GUTTA PERCHA, OR
COMPOUNDS THEREOF. AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TYPE AND OTHER ARTICLES
THEREFROM FOR PRINTING AND OTHER USES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Thomas Jefferson Mayall, my executors
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
or
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Jefferson Mayall, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
In carrying out my improvements in the case of india-rubber I
combine with, say, 8 lbs. of that material 5 lbs. of sulphur that has been
washed or prepared to remove as much as possible of the acid from it,
and about 2 lbs. of whiting or black or white lead previously dried.
The compound thus obtained is then well mixed or ground together by
the aid of heated rollers or other suitable means. When a thorough
mixture has been obtained I place the matters in a mould or moulds of
the desired form, and apply pressure thereto, so that the rubber may
fully occupy the parts of such mould to the thickness desired. I then
subject the mould or moulds with the contained india-rubber which has
been acted upon as stated to the heat of steam, or it may be dry heat,
to harden such rubber, Supposing the blocks obtained to be abou

page_text: one inch in thickness, then the heat for the first two hours may be about
232° Fahrenheit, the next 2 hours about 250° Fahrenheit, the next
2 hours 265° to 270° Fahrenheit, the next 2 hours about 280° Fahren-
heit, the next 2 hours about 285° Fahrenheit, then about two hour to
290° Fahrenheit, and then for about 3 hours to about 296° of
Fahrenheit.
In treating gutta percha I combine with, say, 8 lbs. of that material,
prepared or otherwise cleansed of oil or oleaginous matter, 4 lbs. of
sulphur washed or prepared to remove acid therefrom and 2 lbs. of
whiting or white or black lead, either of which has been previously
dried. These matters are then caused fully to combine together by
And then for the
grinding between heated cylinders or otherwise.
hardening process the gutta percha so treated is placed in moulds,
pressed, and subjected to heat, which for a thickness of one inch of the
material may be for the
1st hour
2nd
3rd
4th
,,
39
,,
5th "
6th
7th
"
"
232° Fahrenheit.
240°
250°
260°
270°
280°
290°
In treating a combination of india-rubber and gutta percha I add to
4 lbs. of gutta percha from which oil has previously been removed 4 lbs.
of india-rubber, also 4 lbs. of sulphur from which acid has previously
been removed by washing or other preparation and 2 lbs. of whiting or
black or white lead previously dried. These matters having been
thoroughly combined by the action thereon of heated rollers are
pressed into a mould of the desired form, and then subjected to pro-
gressive heat, which supposing the thickness of the combined material to
be one inch, may be for the first 2 hours 232° Fahrenheit. then for
1 hour 245° Fahrenheit, then the next hour 255° Fahrenheit, then the
next hour 265° Fahrenheit, then the next hour 275° Fahrenheit, then
the next hour 285° Fahrenheit, then the next hour 295° Fahrenheit.
These proportions, however, may in each case be varied, as may also the
periods and degrees of heat referred to, especially to the thickness of
material for the time under operation. In this manner may blocks of

page_text: thicknesses varying from inch to 3 inches and more be treated to
obtain hardness uniformly throughout.
To obtain type or other forms used in printing or other representations
the moulds will be adapted or be capable of receiving parts for effecting
the desired representation to the material under pressure. Or these
impressions may be given to the material in either case after it has been
hardened as stated by pressure of the block of such material on to a
matrix or mould of the desired form or forms at a temperature of from
about 312° to 350° Fahrenheit, or sufficient to soften the surface of the
material and admit of its being pressed fully into parts of the impression
to be taken. When cold in either case the blocks may then be cut up
as desired. In the case of type I first cut the block up into strips
between the rows of letters; these strips I then groove or cut
across the stems to carry the respective letters to indicate the top or
bottom of the letter, and then I cut each strip into separate letters by
means of a series of circular or other saws. To facilitate these operations
it is desirable that all the letters of a row be alike or of the same
size.
Having thus described my Invention, and means which I adopt
in carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that what
I do claim is, the method of treating india-rubber, gutta percha, or
compounds thereof, and the manufacture of type and other articles
therefrom for printing and other uses, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Jefferson Mayall, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fourth day of January, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
THOS. J. MAYALL. (L.S.)