matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS FITTINGS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Patrick Cowan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
July 1853.
I, PATRICK COWAN, of Skinner Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Lamp Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS FITTINGS" to be as follows :--
In order to explain the improvement which my Invention contains
it may be as well for me to describe the hydraulic slide at present used
in gas lamps, which is merely an open cup screwed on the top of the
rod, and in which evaporation rapidly takes place from its being all
exposed to the atmosphere; the average amount of evaporation in gas
lamps being from 12 to 18 inches in 12 months, varying according to
the temperature of the room in which the lamp is hung. The evil of
which evaporation is, that the tubes are apt to get unsealed when the
lamp is drawn down, causing the gas to escape; and many serious
explosions have been the result.
The object of my Invention is to check this evaporation, and this I
propose doing by converting the open cup at top into a fountain to

page_text: supply the tubes; this I do by covering in the top, and screwing into it
a funnel or dip tube, in which the suspending rod shall work.
The evaporation will then be confined to this funnell or dip tube,
which will always be supplied from the fountain. This fountain may
be made any size required to keep the lamp supplied any given time;
thus, for a lamp to be supplied for 6 years in an ordinary sitting room
(where the evaporation in the present slide is 12 inches in 12 months)
the fountain must contain 3 gills, or 6 times the area of a foot of the
outer tube.
A MACHINE FOR DESTROYING WEEDS
Year: 1853

page_text: I, WILLIAM MCLEISI, of Battersea, in the County of Surrey, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A MACHINE FOR
DESTROYING WEEDS" to be as follows:-
The machine destroys the weeds by means of a hot roiler and hot
blasts. The roller upon which the machine rests is heated in a hollow
fire grate, which is constructed so as to enclose the roller all round,
except at the bottom, where an opening is left for the roller and hot
blasts to come in contact with the surface of the ground. The firc
grate is enclosed in an iron case, at the top of which there is a lid to
put in the fuel, and a fan for the blast. This fan is connected with
the roller before inentioned by means of cog-wheels or otherwise, so
that when the machine is moved the roller gives a rapid motion to the
fan, which causes a downward current of air or blast to act upon the
fire in the hollow grate; the heat passes on to the surface of the roller,
and thereby gives it the necessary burning or scorching power; the hot
S₁

page_text: blasts. at the same time pass out at the back and front of the roller,
close to the surface of the ground. These hot blasts and the heated
roller thus burn the weeds, or raise their temperature sufficiently to
destroy vegetable life.
The hot blasts can be kept in contact with a greater or less amount
of surface by longitudinal slides, which draw out close to the ground
at the back and front of the roller, so as to confine the heat longer
upon the weeds, &c.
When it is required to apply more heat and blast at any particular
place, as, for instance, where the weeds are very thick, a coupling is
provided between the roller and the fan wheels, so that the roller can
be thrown out of gear with the fan, which is then driven by a handle
attached to one of the fan wheels, which when turned drives the fan,
and gives an intense heat to the blast and roller, while the machine
can either be stationary or moved at a very slow speed at pleasure.
The machine may be made of any convenient size, and may be fitted
with one or more rollers and fans, as the case may require.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN OBTAINING POWER BY MECHANICAL MEANS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William James Matthias
and Thomas Bailey at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
and Thomas Bailey at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 7th October 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
We, WILLIAM JAMES MATTHIAS and THOMAS BAILEY, of Seckforde
Street, Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex, Clock Makers and
copartners, do hereby declare the nature of our Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN OBTAINING POWER BY MECHANICAL MEANS" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a peculiar combination of mechanical in-
struments. For this purpose two axles are geared together by cog
wheels, to one of these axles the power is applied, and on the other an
excentric is fixed, which acts to move out a series of slides, each of
which has applied to it a projection which enters between spokes of a
star wheel on a third axle, and causes the star wheel and axle to revolve,
but by reason of the excentric these slides and projections act with an
increased power on the third axle, and consequently the power applied
to the first axle is given off with increased effect on the third axle, and
it is this peculiar combination of mechanical parts which constitutes
the Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND IN THE ORNAMENTING OF CHINA, PORCELAIN, AND POTTERY WARES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Ellis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th October 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, WILLIAM ELLIS, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Artist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE AND IN THE ORNAMENTING OF CHINA, PORCELAIN, AND
POTTERY WARES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in ornamenting china and pottery wares
generally with metal or alloys of metal deposited by the electrotype
process, and in order to fit the wares for receiving and retaining the
deposited metal, as well as for the purpose of hardening them, I mix.
the oxides of the metal with the ware previous to its being baked or
fired; or I steep the wares wholly or partially, according to the design
of the ornament, in some metallic salt; or I mix or coat them with
plumbago or metal reduced to fine powder. I do not, however, confine

page_text: myself to the precise means or methods of preparing the ware for the
metallic deposit, as my Invention consists in the adaptation of the
electrotype or analogous process to the depositing of metals or alloys of
metals on articles of china, porcelain, and pottery.
IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Enoch Wilkinson and
William Rye at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 25th November 1853.
We, ENOCH WILKINSON and WILLIAM RYE, both of Oldham, in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS" to be as follows, viz. :-
For improved mechanical arrangements for the taking up of the
cloth by the cloth roller, and also for the letting off the yarn from the
yarn beam of the loom. The object sought to be obtained is to insure
greater regularity in these processes. The taking up may be effected
in two ways, first, to give motion to the cloth roller by means of the
connecting rod of an eccentric placed upon the tapper shaft of the
loom, which rod gives a vibratory motion to a pendant slotted lever, to
which are attached catches which give a rotary motion to a ratchet
wheel, which motion is transmitted to the cloth roller through a pair of
bevel wheels and a worn and wheel. This arrangement gives a

page_text: uniform velocity to the cloth roller, making no provision for its increased
diameter as the cloth became wound round it. To obviate this, motion
is given to a scroll, such motion to be derived from the axis of the cloth
roller. By the rotary motion of this scroll, and a consequent traversing
motion of a stud and chain, a differential motion is given to the vibra-
tions of the pendant slotted lever before mentioned, which is thereby
made to take up a less number of teeth in the ratchet wheel, in propor-
tion to the increasing diameter of the cloth roller, thus insuring an
uniform velocity of the periphery of the cloth roller. The other means
by which the differential motion is obtained (of the pendant lever) is by
driving a worm wheel from the axis of the cloth roller, as before. A
screw upon the axis of this wheel gives by its rotary motion a traversing
movement to a nut or finger screw upon it. This movement, by means
of the chain as before, causes the differential motion to the vibrations of
the pendant lever.
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR COATING AND PREVENTING THE DECAY OF EXPOSED SURFACES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Edgar Cook, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th May 1858.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JAMES EDGAR COOK, of Greenock, in the County of Renfrew,
North Britain, Booking Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR COATING AND PREVENTING
THE DECAY OF EXPOSED SURFACES " to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a new composition suitable as a coating,
to be laid on surfaces of wood, iron, or other material, for the preven-
tion of the decay or oxidation of such surfaces, as well as for the
general ornamentation of surfaces requiring to be decorated. The
following matters enter into this composition:-Gum shell lac, gum
seed lac, gum gamboge, gum arabic, gum benzoin, white lead and and
any suitable coloring matter to give the whole mass the required shade
when any special tint is required. The mixture is dissolved or mixed
up together by the agency of spirit of wood, ordinarily known as wood
naptha. The several proportions are variable within certain limits,

page_text: but it is preferred to amalgamate the different matters according to the
following scale-2 lbs. shell lac, lb. seed lac, lb. gamboge, ½ lb.
gum arabic, lb. gum benzoin, 1 lb. white lead; coloring matter to be
added at pleasure. This composition is intended as a general pre-
servative coating; if applied to the bottoms of iron ships, it prevents
decay, and the adhesion of barnacles or other deposit, whilst it pro-
duces a fine, smooth, frictionless surface. It prevents the decay of
wood, whether in water or exposed to atmospheric influences, and is
equally applicable to the painting of the outside of a house or ship, and
the internal work of the rooms or cabins, with the great advantage that
it dries rapidly after laying on. It is laid on like paint with a common
brush.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOSING AND DISTRIBUTING TYPE
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Theodore Boulé and
François Cailland at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 9th July 1858.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
We, JEAN THEODORE BOULE, of Paris, and FRANÇOIS CAILLAND,
also of Paris, No. 5, Rue Cocq Heron, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOSING AND DISTRIBUTING
TYPE" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of combining apparatus for the purpose of
composing and distributing type. A series of finger keys (one for each
of the letters and characters in the case) is used in such a manner as to
act on a series of forceps, to cause the letter or character corresponding
to the finger key acted upon to be withdrawn from the case, and allowed
to fall down a grooved channel or hopper to the galley, which is caused
to move each time that a letter is deposited to the extent of the thick-
ness of the letter or character. In distributing type according to this

page_text: Invention the letters or characters are taken one by one by a pair of
forceps, and dropt into the end of a series of grooved channels, (the
direction which they take being governed by finger keys, and letters
and characters are thus replaced in their proper divisions of the case.
INSTANTANEOUSLY EXTINGUISHING CONFLAGRATIONS IN SHIPS' HOLDS, WAREHOUSES, AND OTHER BUILDINGS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thompson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th October 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, WILLIAM THOMPSON, of Number 6, Clayton Street, in the Parish of
Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "INSTANTANEOUSLY EXTINGUISHING CONFLAGRATIONS IN
SHIPS' HOLDS, WAREHOUSES, AND OTHER BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
A certain quantity of powdered chalk confined in a vessel of peculiar
construction to be placed in the hold of a ship, with a communication
with the deck by means of a pipe made of a certain metal & mecha-
nical form, down which is to be poured a certain quantity of sulphuric
acid perfectly purified from all nitric acid & nitrous oxide by means
of a given quantity of sulphate of ammonia, which will decompose
the above substances. The same process is applicable to warehouses
and other buildings.

page_text: ADDITION TO PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A. certain quantity of powdered chalk confined in a vessel made of
wood or metal in the form of a barrel or box lined with lead foil, if of
wood perforated on the upper part, to be placed in the hold of a ship,
with a communication with the deck by means of a pipe made of lead,
iron, or any other metal, the form of which will be funnel shape, with a
lid affixed to the top, down which is to be poured sulphuric acid in
quantity regulated by the quantity of chalk used, which must vary
according to the size of the ship. The sulphuric acid to be perfectly
purified from all nitric acid & nitrous oxide by means of sulphate of
ammonia. The same process is applicable to warehouses & other
buildings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PISTONS
Year: 1853

page_text: with the application for Letters Patent was not given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Wiglesworth at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st November 1853.
HENRY WIGLESWORTH, of Newbury, in the County of Berks,
Bachelor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PISTONS" to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in substituting for the springs used to
force outwards the packing rings of steam engine and other pistons,
the pressure of carbonic acid or other gas, or vapour or air, contained
in a chamber formed for the purpose in the piston. The gas or vapour
or air may be introduced in putting the parts of the piston together,
or a channel to the chamber may be provided to supply the same.
Immediately behind the metal rings is placed a thin flexible plate of
metal or other suitable material, against which the gas, vapour, or air
acts, and by which such is prevented escaping between the parts of the
rings.
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION TO BE APPLIED IN SUB- STITUTION OF BONE AND HORN
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Armand le Comte de
Fontaine Moreau at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with his Petition, on the 19th October 1858.-A communication.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.).
I, PETER ARMAND LE COMTE DE FONTAINE MOREAU, of the English
and Foreign Patent Office, 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, &
39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, France, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION TO BE APPLIED IN SUB-
STITUTION OF BONE AND HORN" to be as follows:-
The Invention communicated to me consists in producing a com-
position, having for basis vegetable or animal matters mixed with
gelatinous and resinous substances, rendered impervious to water by
means of tannin, and also impervious to fatty bodies by means of gums.
The quantity of the several component agents vary according to the
use to be made of the composition, which can be employed for manu-
facturing buttons and other similar articles imitating the horn, for
sculpturing and several other useful purposes.

page_text: ADDITION TO PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A New Product applicable to the Manufacture of Buttons, Orna-
ments for Dress, and Articles usually made of Bone, Horn, and
Plastic Compositions.
The materials I employ are cotton, leather, or other analogous
substances, which are mixed with gelatine, resine, and tanine, in pro-
portions to be determined by the character of the intended application.
When combined these matters form a product peculiarly adapted for
moulding, and when dried possess a hardness & brilliancy resembling
bone or horn. I operate by the usual processes for mixing and moulding.
The principal advantage resulting from the composition is its small
cost..
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1853

page_text: Benjamin Dangerfield, junior, at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 9th November 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
We, BENJAMIN DANGERFIELD, of West Bromwich, in the County of
Stafford, Engineer, and BENJAMIN DANGERFIELD, junior, of West Brom-
wich aforesaid, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS
to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates principally to such steam boilers as are of a
cylindrical or some such figure, and placed upright, that is to say, the
axis of the said boiler situated vertically. Our Invention consists
in conducting the heated air and products of combustion through tubes
situated vertically at and near the axis of the said boiler. The said tubes
rise nearly to the height of the water line in the said boiler, and then
diverge in a horizontal or nearly horizontal direction to the exterior of
the said boiler. The heated air and products of combustion, on arriving
at the external surface of the boiler, descend vertically to the bottom of
the boiler, from whence they are conducted to the stack or chimney.

page_text: We sometimes connect the said vertical tubes together by horizontal
tubes extending across the boiler, and we vary the size and number of
the vertical tubes, as well as the size and number of the horizontal tubes,
so as to make the same suit boilers of different sizes and forms. We
also apply the same arrangement of pipes to horizontal boilers, and also
to boilers for domestic use. For the purpose of cleansing the boiler we
put a concave or cup-like vessel in the interior at the water line. The
scum collects in this, and a pipe proceeds from the bottom thereof to
the exterior of the boiler, the said pipe being closed by a stop-cock.
On opening the said stop-cock the water and scum in the said vessels
blow off.
AN APPARATUS FOR DAMPING PAPER AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, IN ORDER TO PREPARE THE SAME FOR THE RECEPTION OF LABELS, STAMPS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES COATED WITH A GUMMY OR ADHESIVE MATTER
Year: 1853

page_text: www
with the application for Letters Patent was not given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Bain at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd December 1858.
I, ALEXANDER BAIN, of Paddington, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
APPARATUS FOR DAMPING PAPER AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, IN ORDER TO
PREPARE THE SAME FOR THE RECEPTION OF LABELS, STAMPS, AND OTHER
LIKE ARTICLES COATED WITH A GUMMY OR ADHESIVE MATTER," to be as
follows:-
My apparatus is composed of a case closed air-tight at top, while at
bottom it is closed by one, two, or more layers of cloth or other porous
substance; upon the top of this cloth is a piece of some spongy sub-
stance, and on the top of it and fitting the case accurately is a piston
of metal, and above this a supply of liquid. The liquid is introduced
through an air-tight stopper, fitted in any convenient position at the

page_text: upper part of the case. The top of the case is formed of thin sheet
metal, to which is attached a handle, or not, as found desirable. When
a handle is used I connect it by a tube passing through the top to the
metal piston. On applying pressure at the top of the case, liquid will
be expressed through the cloth on to the paper or other substance
required to be damped. This apparatus will be found useful in
damping envelopes and paper previous to attaching postage or receipt
stamps thereto.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNA MENTING A CERTAIN DESCRIPTION OF TEXTILE FABRIC
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Lawson Knox at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th December 1858.
I, ANDREW LAWSON KNOX, of Glasgow, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNA
MENTING A CERTAIN DESCRIPTION OF TEXTILE FABRIC" to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to such fabrics as are "raised " by carding,
or other similar treatment, upon one surface, and consist in producing
patterns upon the other side thereof, by printing, staining, embossing,
or other such process.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF DIVING HELMET
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Deane, of Whitstable, in the County of
Kent, Submarine Surveyor, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
CONSTRUCTION OF DIVING HELMET."
Sealed the 9th July 1853, and dated the 10th January 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Deane at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 10th January 1853.
I, JOHN DEANE, do hereby declare the
for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF DIVING
nature of the said Invention
HELMET" to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to the improvement of Deane's open
diving helmet, the object being to keep down the level of the water in the
helmet, and thereby to obviate the inconvenience which is sometimes
experienced by the diver when in stooping to his work he brings his
head to a lower level.
In this construction of helmet (unlike the closed helmet) it will be
understood that the air passes out freely at the bottom of the same, like
the air from a diving bell, and it is the body of air contained therein

page_text: which prevents the entrance of the water. Whenever, therefore, the
diver bends his head the tendency is to diminish the capacity of the
helmet for containing air, and for water to take the place of the air
whereby the level of the water line is raised, and the workman is
obstructed in his operations.
To prevent this I make an elastic waterproof continuation to the
helmet in the form of a tippet or jacket, so as to increase the capacity
of the air chamber, and thereby keep the ordinary water level below the
shoulders. The lower extremity of this jacket I may make fit close to
the person, and in that case I provide suitable openings to allow of the
free escape of the air from the jacket. I also lead a tube from a per-
forated cap at the breast of the helmet to the crown, where a valve
opening outwards is provided to pass out the surplus air thrown in
from the pump, and also the expired air.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO PLANING, SLOTTING, SHAPING, GROOVING, OR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Thomas at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th February 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within
the time prescribed by the Act.)
I, ROBERT THOMAS, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer and Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO
PLANING, SLOTTING, SHAPING, GROOVING, OR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to
be as follows: -
My improvements relate chiefly to the mechanical means by
which the motion is obtained, to move either the material to be
operated upon, or the tool as the operator; which motion may be
either vertical, horizontal, or diagonal; for instance, in a planing
machine, the table is moved backwards and forwards by rack and
pinion, chain and pulley, or similar contrivances.
Instead of which, I propose to use a toothed wheel of two
diameters, working into another wheel of two diameters; but the
latter wheel is only toothed part of its circumference on each peri
phery, by which means two distinct speeds are obtained; a slow

page_text: movement when the tool is in operation, and a quick movement when
it is not in operation; thus effecting a saving of time. Any person
conversant with mechanism will understand at once that this motion
is applicable to slotting, shaping, grooving, and other similar
machines, as well as for planing. I wish it to be distinctly under-
stood that this is merely an outline description of my Invention,
which I will more fully explain in my Complete Specification.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING FLOATING VESSELS, AND THE MODE OF APPLYING MY PRO- PELLERS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stopford Thomas Jones at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 10th September 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, STOPFORD THOMAS JONES, of 11, Trigon Terrace, Clapham Road,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PROPELLING FLOATING VESSELS, AND THE MODE OF APPLYING MY PRO-
PELLERS," to be as follows:-
My improvements, in the first place, refer to paddle wheels. I cause
the paddle floats to be made of wood, iron, or other material, to be
placed on the stays of the paddle wheels in sections, instead of the
float passing from one side of the wheel to the other, and in such a
manner that they resemble a number of steps about eight inches apart,
so that the float comes upon the water with a lighter blow, inasmuch
as only one section comes into the water at the same time, and there-
fore causes less vibration and less back water on leaving the water. I
also cause the end of each section to overlap the other about four
inches, and connect them, when in four sections, in pairs together with
bolts. These paddle wheels are especially suitable for vessels on the

page_text: ocean, as their floats are much easier reefed than those in use at
present, and the work more equable on the engines.
Thirdly, my improvements refer to applying my propellers so that
either or all of them may work in the centre of the vessels or at the
sides, and the application of working propellers partly below the bottom
of the boats or floating vessels.
Having now described my improvements, I wish it to be distinctly
understood that I do not confine myself to the precise details herein
set forth, so long as I confine myself to the general principles herein
set forth and contained.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCOMOTIVE BOILERS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Mackenzie Shaw,
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 26th February 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, WILLIAM MACKENZIE SHAW, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCOMOTIVE
BOILERS" to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the more economical production of
steam, and the consequent reduction of the present cost of working
locomotive engines: it consists in a novel arrangement, whereby a
larger evaporating surface is obtained in the same space than in boilers
of the ordinary construction, and also a far greater portion of such
surface is exposed to the direct action of the fire.
The annexed diagram explains how this object is effected.
a cylinder connected with the fire box at one end, and to the smoke
box at the other. b, b, and c, c, two other cylinders, having an annular
space between them, in which the water circulates, and in this space
a number of tubes f, of small diameter, are fixed. d, is the interior of

page_text: cylinder c, and conveys the heated air and gases to the chimney.
Communications for the water are made between cylinders a, and b.
It operates thus: the flame and heated air, on rising from the fire
box, enters the space e, completely enveloping cylinder b, throughout
its whole length, and exposing it, as well as cylinder a, to the direct
action of the flame and heated air, which returns again through a series
of tubes f, and, entering the channel d, passes along it to the chimney.
I claim the method here described of constructing boilers by the
combination of large and, small cylinders or tubes, in such a way as to
cause the flame and heated air to act in a direct manner on a great
portion of the heating surface.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INDICATING TIME
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Nolet at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 26th January 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within
the time prescribed by the Act.)
I, CHARLES NOLET, of Ghent, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Watch
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN INDICATING TIME" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application of electric currents,
which are alternately broken and established by a prime regulating
time keeper, for the actuating of any number of separate time
keepers, for the purpose of indicating the correct time in various
parts of a town or building simultaneously. This is effected in the
following manner:-A battery is placed in connection with a regulating
clock or chronometer, and the current passes through it to a series of
other time indicators by wires laid down for the purpose. These latter
indicators may be constructed in and fitted to the ordinary street
lamps, the dials being formed on the sides of the lamp, which may
be of ground glass, so that the time may be easily read off either at
night or during the day. The mechanism for actuating the hands

page_text: of the various time indicators consists simply of the ordinary dial
wheels of a clock, for giving the two speeds required for the hour
and minute hand, and a ratched wheel and palls. The palls are
fitted to a plate, on one end of a vertical vibrating lever, which
works on a fixed centre at its lower extremity. This lever forms an
armature to an electric magnet, and is attached thereto whenever
the current is established, and drawn back again by a spring when
the current is broken; thus as the current is being constantly
established and broken, at all, the different clocks by any simple
contrivance in the main or prime regulating clock, it follows that all
the different armatures will be caused to vibrate simultaneously.
This vibration gives motion to the ratchet wheel in each indicator,
by means of the palls before mentioned, which are attached to the
upper end of each lever; in this way the ratchet wheel is moved
forward one tootli for every forward, and another tooth for every
back movement of the armature. Two detents are also fitted to the
plate carrying the palls, in order to take into the ratchet teeth after
every movement, and hold the wheel steady, until the next-stroke
of the armature.
TAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR REBURNING ANIMAL CHARCOAL
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Fryer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
July 1858.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, ALFRED FRYER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Sugar
Refiner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CER-
TAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR REBURNING
ANIMAL CHARCOAL" to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to the construction of the kilns employed
for reburning animal charcoal that has been used in the process of
refining sugar, or for any other similar purpose, and to certain appa-
ratus to be connected thereto for discharging the said charcoal from the
pipes or openings at the bottom of the same. Kilns for reburning animial
charcoal are ordinarily constructed as follows:-The kiln is divided
vertically into three compartments; at the lower end of the centre
compartment is the furnace. The side compartments are filled with
vertical tubes or pipes, around which the fire circulates, and through
which the charcoal to be reburned passes. To the lower end of these
tubes pipes or "coolers" are connected, and from the bottom of the

page_text: said "coolers" the charcoal is discharged in a fit state for use. The
first part of my improvements consists in providing each "cooler" with
a sliding piece capable of being adjusted, so that if the pipes expand
unequally by the action of the heat the lower ends of the "coolers"
may all be brought to one and the same level. The second part of my
Invention consists in the application of small plates, boxes, or blocks
to the lower extremity of the "coolers" for contracting the width of
the lower opening, which, plates, boxes, or blocks are so constructed
and adapted that they can be readily removed in the event of any
obstruction preventing the flow of the charge. The third part of my
Invention consists in the adaptation to the lower ends of the "coolers
of a certain plate with openings or boxes capable of sliding upon
another plate, having intermediate openings or spaces placed above a
hopper or other receptacle in such a manner that as the openings or
boxes become filled by the descending charcoal they can at intervals
be moved over the openings in the lower plate, and thus be discharged,
at the same time bringing an intermediate set of openings or boxes
under the lower apertures of the "coolers."
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS OR GENERATORS, AND IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF FURNACES CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1853

page_text: 23rd June 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JAMES BURROWs, of Haigh Foundry, near Wigan, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM
BOILERS OR GENERATORS, AND IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF FURNACES CONNECTED
THEREWITH," to be as follows:-―
The first part of my said improvements consists in constructing or
forming such boilers or generators of metallic plates, the ends or sides
whereof are swelled or formed thicker than the body of the same in
order to compensate for the loss of strength otherwise occasioned by
punching or forming the rivet holes in the said plates.
The second part of my said improvements consists in forming the
internal flues or other heating surfaces of such boilers or generators of
waved or corrugated metal, in order to give thereto the maximum
amount of strength to resist compression with the minimum amount of

page_text: weight, and also to afford an increased surface for the radiation of heat
and consequent generation of steam. The corrugations also cause an
undulatory movement among the gases, &c., thereby effecting a more
rapid absorption of heat therefrom. The corrugations may be formed
either in a circular or in a longitudinal direction.
The third part of my improvements consist in placing in the interior
of the said internal flue or flues a core or distributor for the purpose of
disseminating or distributing the gases more equally over the interior
surface of the fluc or flues, thereby rendering the whole of the interior
surface of the same effective. This core or distributor may be made
either solid, and formed of fire clay or other suitable material, or it may
be in the form of a tube, in which latter case it may be connected with
tubes to the boiler, and contain water, and be thus rendered available
as effective heating surface for the generation of steam. The core may
extend from a short way behind the bridge of the furnace to the other
extremity of the same, or in boilers or generators with detached
furnaces, as hereafter mentioned, the core may extend from end to
end of the fine, or nearly so.
The fourth part of my Invention consists in so arranging the furnace
that it shall be detached or separate from the boiler, in order to obtain
perfect combustion of the fuel before the flames or heated gases, &c.
come into contact with the flue of the boiler; in this instance it is re-
quisite so to enclose the furnace as to prevent the radiation of heat in
any but the required direction, and to connect the furnace or furnaces
by a short flue or flues to the internal flue or flues of the steam boiler
or generator.
An IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MEASURING AND FITTING GARMENTS OF PERSONS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Sonntag at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st December
1858.
I, PIERRE SONNTAG, of Paris, France, and of No. 4, South Street, Finsbury,
London, Tailor, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for "An
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MEASURING AND FITTING GARMENTS OF PERSONS" to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing an apparatus for measuring the
human figure, in order to afford a correct pattern for cutting garments upon,
by which they may be made to fit closely, whatever be the conformation of the
part to be fitted.
The annexed Drawing gives an illustration of the above. Figure 1 shews
the portion which is applied to the back, two other pieces of the same kind
being applied on the breast and side of the body. These three portions of the
measure are united by means of bands capable of adjustment, and fastening
pieces, so as to take the exact shape of the body.
A and B in the above Figures represent the flat parts of the back; a', bands
serving to give the elevation of the chest and the breadth of the shoulders;
b, b, band for regulating the required width. C is a band furnished with eyelits
on both sides for bringing together the back and side parts of the measure;

page_text: d, d, are eyelits for adjusting the shoulder piece to the required form;
e, e, hooks, giving the breadth of the shoulders.
Figure 2 represents a band capable of adjustment, seen on the wrong side,
and shews the eyes fitted throughout and the hook attached to the end; all
the bands are similarly fastened by means of eyes following the form taken.
In lieu of using hooks and eyes for the fastening of the bands I can use
buckles, the tongues of which will enter the holes pierced in the bands.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR APPLYING METALLIC CAPSULES
Year: 1853

page_text: Knox Archer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 13th April 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, ALEXANDER EDWARD DUDLEY KNOX ARCHER, Clerk to William
Betts, of No. 1, Wharf Road, City Road, Capsule Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR APPLYING METALLIC CAPSULES" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in an improved method of applying and
aflixing to the necks, mouths, or upper parts of bottles or other vessels,
flexible metallic coverings, like those under the name of Betts' Patent
Capsules. My improved method is as follows:-I first cast or mould
a ring of gutta-percha, or other suitable material, possessing a certain
amount of elasticity, but, at the same time, of sufficient hardness to
force the capsule into the indentations on the neck of the bottle or other
vessel. The inside of the ring must be made to fit the outside of the
neck or upper part of the bottle or other vessel, as will be seen
by reference to the accompanying drawing, in which Figure 1, shews
the upper part of a bottle, to which it may be intended to apply

page_text: one of the capsules; and Figure 5, shews the section of the ring to
fit the same. The ring should be so formed, that when at rest it
should be in the position described at Figure 2; and for this purpose,
the simplest plan I am at present acquainted with is to form the ring
rather larger in the round than the size required to fit the neck of the
bottle, and then to cut away the portion of gutta-percha, or other
material, between the points A, and B, Figure 2. I consider an
ellipsis to be the best shape in which the ring may be formed before it
is cut. I then fasten this ring on to any convenient stand, such, for
instance, as that shewn in the accompanying drawing, Figure No. 3, by
means of screws or other suitable fastenings. A cord, fastened to a
pin or screw, as shewn at C, Figure No. 2, passes over the elastic ring,
and at its other end is fastened to the treddle D, D, Figure No. 3: a
foot or other pressure being applied to the treddle D, D, the clastic
ring is forced to the position shewn at Figure 4; the neck of the bottle,
with a capsule placed upon it, is then forced into the ring, and the
pressure forces the capsule into the indentations in the neck of the
bottle; the pressure is then removed, and the bottle withdrawn.
A CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FISHING AND OTHER NETS
Year: 1853

page_text: I, JOSEPHI GUNDRY, of Bridport, in the County of Dorset, Net Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FISHING AND OTHER NETS"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a certain improvement in a machine for
making fishing and other nets, patented by Onesiphore Pecqueur, and
dated the 30th August 1849; by which improvement the loss of time
incurred in drawing the thread off the shuttles is avoided by substi-
tuting bobbins for shuttles.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF PREVENTING COLLISIONS ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1853

page_text: Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
We, GEORGE BOTT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Retail Brewer, and WILLIAM RUSHTON, of Aston, near Birmingham,.
Maltster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
OR IMPROVED METHOD OF PREVENTING COLLISIONS ON RAILWAYS" to be as
follows:-
Our Invention consists of an apparatus placed near the rails of a rail-
way, whereby, after the passage of a train, the passage of a second or suc-
ceeding train is prevented within a given distance of the first by the said
apparatus shutting off the steam of the said second or succeeding train.
Fig. 1, represents our Invention, with the parts in the position they
occupy prior to the passage of a train (in the direction indicated by the
arrow); and Fig. 2, represents the same after the train has passed over
part of the said apparatus, and in a position proper to shut off the steam
of the second or succeeding train. It consists of a series of joints con-
nected, as shown, by slots and cranks, with the arms a, b, c; the said

page_text: arms being connected by a wire or line passing round the pulley d, as
shown. When the train passes over the apparatus at ', it brings the
joint into the position ", Fig. 2; the arın c, assumes the position e;
the arm b, the position f; and the arm a, the position g. When the
train passes over the part g, it depresses the said part g, and brings the
whole into the position Fig. 1. But if the first train has not arrived at
the point g, when a second train approaches, the arm c, being in the
position e, acts upon a lever from the locomotive and shuts off the steam,
and, if desired, blows the whistle of the said second train. The part a',
may be at a quarter of a mile or any desired distance from the part ';
and if the first train, which on passing over ', had brought c, into the
position e, has not arrived at g, so as to bring it into the position a, and
e, into the position c, then the arm at e, will act upon the second loco-
motive so as to cut off its steam. Various ways of causing the arm c,
when in the position e, to act upon a locomotive arriving at that point
may be adopted, but I do not consider it necessary here to describe
them; the principle of my Invention being, that a locomotive in passing
over one portion of the line is made to move an arm or lever into such
position, that if a second or succeeding locomotive comes up before
the first train has proceeded so far as to bring back the said arm or
lever into the position it had before the first train passed, that the said
arm or lever shall turn off the steam of the second or succeeding loco-
motive, and thus prevent collision. The alterations in the position of the
apparatus which I have described as occurring on the passage of a first
train are repeated on the passage of the next train, as each train is the
first to that which follows it; the result of the action of our apparatus
being, that no train can follow another within the distance arranged
without the steam of the latter being shut off.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHIMNEYS OR FLUES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR INCREASING DRAUGHT, CONSUMING SMOKE, OR UTILIZING THE SAME
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL. SPECIFICATION left by John Browne at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 14th May 1858.
I, JOHN BROWNE, of Upper Charlotte Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHIMNEYS OR
FLUES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR INCREASING DRAUGHT, CONSUMING SMOKE,
OR UTILIZING THE SAME," to be as follows:--
I propose, in most instances, to dispense with the use of stacks or
tall chimneys, carrying the flue or smoke conductor only so high as
niay be necessary to bring into play the remaining portions of my In-
vention. I cause, by any motive power, a cylinder to revolve, and as
the smoke rises this cylinder will receive it; and in order that it may
not return downwards, (or, where the tall chimney is still used and my
apparatus applied,) upward, and to increase the draught, I place a fan
wheel opposite to the first-named cylinder, so that if the chimney be a
short one covered over at the top, apertures are to be left therein near
the top and facing each other; the smoke on rising would endeavour

page_text: to escape at both outlets, but it is met by the revolution of the fan
wheel which drives it back, and the opposite cylinder (foliated in its
interior, receives or takes up the smoke, revolving with it in its interior,
and depositing it in a cistern containing water, from whence it is re-
moved when requisite, the lighter part or sont being usable for various
useful purposes, and the heavier being capable of recombustion. Or, in
some instances, I use only the foliated cylinder, making an aperture in
the chimney, and enclosing the cylinder and apparatus in a casing ont-
side. To conservatory chimneys and flues, where a full draught is
required, and no motive power but air can be obtained, I propose to fix
on the outside and somewhat clevated a fan wheel, either horizontal or
vertical, to act in a similar manner as the sails of a windmill. This
will be geared on to the various other apparatus used in any con-
venient manner.