provements in Low-pressure Gas Lighting Apparatus.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Nov., 1899-Accepted, 28th Apr., 1900,
COME
DEPORTATION
Improvements in Low-pressure Gas Lighting Apparatus.
'
I, WILLIAM THOMAS SUGG, of Vincent Works, Regency Street, Westminster,
S.W., Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:
-
For lighting public places, such as railway stations, &c., with what is termed
"incandescent gas," it has been found that it is desirable to employ the gas at a
considerable pressure (say, 9 or 10 inches), in order to obtain the highest illu-
minating power, but for internal lighting, under ordinary circumstances, such
a high illuminating power is unnecessary, and, moreover, the high pressure is
not readily attainable.
"
Now the object of the present invention is to provide incandescent gas light-
ing apparatus, of a character suitable for use in ordinary rooms, and at the
ordinary pressure (which I designate low pressure"), and from which may
be obtained, at an expenditure of 4 c.f. of gas per hour, a beautiful soft diffused
white light, closely resembling daylight, of, say 40 candle power.
For ordinary purposes, a diffused light of 40 candle power would be considered
a brilliant light, and my desire thus is to bring within the reach of the ordinary
consumer, such a soft white incandescent diffused light, at a price about equal
to that of a good flat-flame burner.
The diffused light will of course be through a globe of opal glass, such as
those used with what are now known as Sugg's Christiania burner, and which
are called by the name of "Albatrine."
For the purposes of this invention, it is of the greatest importance that the
quantity of gas to be burned shall be strictly regulated, because the burner is
constructed for a special debit of gas, and any greater quantity will detract
from the brilliancy of the light, and therefore a burner such as now proposed is
provided with a diaphragm or other suitable governor, in a suitable case, to
the top of which is attached the incandescent burner, of special construction,
as hereafter explained, arms being provided to form a gallery or support for
the glass globe.
I would here remark that the type of opal glass globe above referred to is
3 comet." It is manufactured
now common, and is sometimes known as the
by many makers, and these globes may obviously be used if desired, but the
best results will not be obtained from them. Other shapes, such as that known
as squat," may also be employed, so long as the openings at top and bottom
are the same, or about the same.
"
A convenient size of "Christiania" globe for the purpose named will be
7 inches across, 6 inches high, with an opening at top of 4 inches, and at
bottom of 4 inches. The dimensions of the "squat" globe may be 4 in. high.
with an opening at top of 4, and at bottom of from 4 to 4 in. These dimen-
sions are given by way of illustration as to the character of globe or shade
required, and may be subject to slight variation.

page_text: The diameters of the lower openings are so calculated as to throw down a
shadowless light, without causing an uprush of air, which would affect injuri-
ously the illuminating power.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is an elevation, partly in section, of the whole apparatus, as arranged
for low pressure" incandescent gas lighting.
"
Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the liurner proper.
Fig. 3 shows the manner of securing the burner proper in the mouth of the
burner tube, which will be what is known as an "air burner," as is usual in
burners for incandescent gas lighting, but specially modified for the purposes
of this invention; and
Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation of the gas nozzle.
A represents the governor, and B the opal globe, which is carried by the
arms Cattached to a sleeve D This sleeve fits onto a tubular portion E of
the burner, below a bell-mouth burner tube F.
The portion E is connected with a chamber G, which screws onto the top
of the governor case, and in the walls of which are inlet holes for air, of the
usual character.
The governor is provided with a gas nozzle H of special form, which projects
into the chamber G, so that the tip of the nozzle is, if anything, at a height
slightly above the top of the air holes in the walls of the chamber G.
This nozzle H is preferably coned internally, as seen at Fig. 4, leading up
to the outlet, which consists of a straight passage 4 m/m in length, and not
quite 1 m/m in diameter. (This is for a burner adapted to burn 4 c.f. of gas
per hour, but for a greater quantity of gas, the diameter will obviously be
increased accordingly).
The object of this straight portion is to give a proper direction to the stream
of gas issuing from the nozzle, so that the gas stream may from a column of gas
quite independent of the air currents, and may strike the centre of the burner
proper (which is about. 4 inches above the tip of the nozzle), quite indepen-
dently of the air that is drawn in through the holes in the chamber G. On the
top of the tube E is fitted the bell-mouthed burner tube F, in the bell of which
is fitted the burner proper J.
This burner consists of a flanged flat dise of steatite, 1th of an inch thick,
as seen in the section Fig. 1; and in the flat portion, and near the edge, is
formed of row of 16 holes, 3 m/m in diameter each.
Thus, a solid portion will be left in the centre of the burner, against which
the stream of gas will strike, as before mentioned.
The holes of the burner will be formed at an angle of 25 degrees from the
vertical, so that the gas and air passing through them will be deflected out-
wards onto the mantle.
This burner, in its general features, forms the subject matter of another
application for a patent, and it must be understood that I make no claim in the
present specification for the burner broadly, but only for the special features
required to adapt it as a low pressure burner.
In the solid central part is a hole to receive the peg K for supporting the
mantle. This peg is fitted into a disc L, which rests on the top of the solid
part of the burner J, and is intended to ensure the verticality of the peg K.
The steatite burner J is held securely in the bell-mouth by spring tongues M,
which are formed by making nicks, in the edge of the bell-mouth of the tube F.
When the burner is lighted, these spring tongues will allow for the expansion
of the steatite under the influence of the heat, and when the steatite cools, after
the gas is turned off, and shrinks, they will close in upon the burner, and hold
it firmly.
The burner will be placed with respect to the globe (which will act as a
reflector) in the focus of the reflector globe, so as to give the best effect through
the bottom opening of the globe. (The direct light given will be double, or

page_text: more than double, that of the diffused light through the globe). Thus, the
mantle should be slightly nearer the bottom than the top of the globe.
According to this construction, a chimney around the mantle is unnecessary,
though if the apparatus is employed in an exposed position (say, for instance,
in a hall), it should be enclosed in a lantern, or some other device should be
provided for preventing undue draughts from striking on and shattering the
mantle. The mantles used will obviously be of the Welsbach or Sunlight type,
and not platinum.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I would here remark
that I have no intention, to claim a governor, nor an opal globe, nor supporting
arms, nor an air burner of the ordinary Bunsen type, per se, but what I do
claim is
1st. A low pressure apparatus for incandescent gas lighting, under ordinary
circumstances, consisting of a governor, a globe of the character specified, sup-
ported by arms carried by the burner, an air burner of the type specified, and
a mantle, all combined and arranged as herein shown and described.
2nd. A burner proper for an air burner to be used in low pressure incan-
descent gas lighting, and consisting of a dise of steatite of an inch thick.
having a solid central portion, and one row of holes near the edge, the axes of
the holes being at an angle of 25 degrees from the vertical, as herein shown and
described.
3. In apparatus for incandescent gas lighting, the combination with a
burner proper, of a heat-resisting peg for carrying the mantle, provided with a
disc or washer of steatite, to ensure the steadiness and verticality of the peg.
as herein shown and described.
4. In low-pressure apparatus for use in incandescent gas lighting, placing
the burner proper at the end of the burner tube at a distance at least of
4 inches from the tip of the gas nozzle, as herein shown and described.
5. In low-pressure apparatus for use in incandescent gas lighting, a gas nozzle
adapted to supply a stream of gas at the rate of 4 c.f. per hour, having a straight
outlet passage of slightly less than 1 m/m in diameter, and length of 4 m/m,
in combination with a chamber having inlet holes for air in the walls thereof,
the gas nozzle being arranged with relation to the air holes so that the tip of
the nozzle shall be slightly above the line of the top of the holes, as herein
shown and described.
6. Means for holding a burner proper of steatite for incandescent gas lighting
apparatus, and consisting of spring tongues formed around the edge of a bell-
mouth burner tube, by cutting a series of nicks therein, and adapted to press
with an elastic pressure upon the edge of the steatite burner proper, as herein
shown and described.
1000