IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE TEXTILE FABRICS OR YARNS ANILINE BLACK OR OTHER FAST COLOURS DERIVED FROM COAL TAR
Year: 1872

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to William Morgan Brown, of the Firm of Brandon.
and Morgan Brown, Engineers and Patent Agents, of 38, South-
ampton Buildings, London, and 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE TEXTILE
FABRICS OR YARNS ANILINE BLACK OR OTHER FAST COLOURS DERIVED FROM COAL
TAR.”—A communication from abroad by Léon Jarosson, of Lille,
France, Chemical Engineer, and Jean Jacques Müller Pack, of
Basel Switzerland. Chemist.
ealed the 2nd August 1872, and dated the 6th June 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Morgan Brown
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 6th June 1872.
I, WILLIAM MORGAN BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan
Brown, Engineers and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings,
London, and 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE
TEXTILE FABRICS OR YARNS ANILINE BLACK OR OTHER FAST COLOURS DERIVED FROM
COAL TAB," to be as follows
—
This Invention consists in the employment of closed vessels, warmed
to a suitabletemperature, in which vessels the material to be operated

page_text: upon is subjected to the action of the chemicals and the chemical action
set up.
It is applicable to the dyeing of such colors as aniline black,
that require in the ordinary process from one to three days oxidation or
developement in the air, and great care to prevent the burning of the
materials. In this Invention the oxidation or developement is con-
siderably accelerated, and risk of burning is prevented.
A convenient arrangement of the closed vessel is a cylinder of iron or
other metal or material rotated upon its axis and immersed in a cistern
or bath of warm water kept at the required temperature by a jet of steam
or other means.
In dyeing, say, an aniline black, I proceed as follows:-After the
usual preparation of the yarn or fabric, as well known to dyers, I
immerse the material in a mordant of chloride of iron for two hours,
then let it lie, and after twelve hours I press out the excess of the liquid.
I then immerse the material in a bath composed of chlorate of potash or
its equivalent and chloride of aniline or other suitable salts of aniline.
In this state the material with the solution is placed in the cylinder
before mentioned and rotated from three to five hours. The temperature
of the material in the cylinder should at the commencement be 30°
centigrade and be gradually raised to 50° centigrade. After the oxida-
tion or development which is thus produced inside the vessel the material
is withdrawn, left in a heap for several hours, and then washed in
acidulated bi-chromate of potash, washed in water, and finished in the
usual manner.

page_text: our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-fifth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said William Morgan Brown, Her special license
that I, the said William Morgan Brown, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Morgan Brown, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DYEING ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE TEXTILE FABRICS OR YARNS ANILINE BLACK OR
OTHER FAST COLORS DERIVED FROM COAL TAR," a communication to him from
abroad by Léon Jarosson, of Lille, France, Chemical Engineer, and
Jean Jacques Müller Pack, of Basel, Switzerland, Chemist, upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Morgan Brown,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Morgan Brown, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in the employment of closed vessels warmed to
a suitable temperature, in which vessels the material to be operated upon
is subjected to the action of the chemicals and the chemical action set
up. It is applicable to the dyeing of such colours as aniline black, that
require in the ordinary process from one to three days oxidation or
development in the air, and great care to present the burning of the
materials. In this Invention the oxidation or development is con-
siderably accelerated, and risk of burning is prevented.
A convenient arrangement of the closed vessel is a cylinder of iron or
other metal or material rotated upon its axis, and immersed in a cistern
or bath of warm water, kept at the required temperature by a jet of steam
or other means.

page_text: In dyeing, say, an aniline black, I proceed as follows:-After the
usual preparation of the yarn or fabric, as well known to dyers, I
immerse the material in a mordant of chloride of iron for two hours,
then let it lie, and after twelve hours I press out the excess of the liquid.
I then immerse the material in a bath composed of chlorate of potash or
its equivalent, and chloride of aniline or other suitable salts of aniline.
In this state the material with the solution is placed in the cylinder
before mentioned and rotated from three to five hours. The temperature
of the material in the cylinder should at the commencement be 30°
centigrade and be gradually raised to 50° centigrade. After the oxida-
tion or developement which is thus produced inside the vessel the
material is withdrawn, left in a heap for several hours, and then washed
in acidulated bi-chromate of potash, washed in water, and finished in the

page_text: be driven by either hand or power, by a handle or pulley. It should be
fitted with a large manhole and tight fitting cover, and a small spring
valve if excess of pressure is feared. It may revolve in an outer case or
cistern supplied with hot water, kept at the proper temperature by a jet
of steam or other suitable means.
The special form I prefer is constructed as follows, referring to the
Drawing attached :-a is the drum or cylinder of sheet iron; b, b, the
axis at each end of the cylinder turning in bearings; c is the manhole
cover packed in its seat with a caoutchouc ring; e, e, the fast and loose
pulley by which the cylinder is actuated or not in connection with some
motive power; e¹, e¹, e¹, e¹, the cistern or reservoir of warm water kept at
the propertemperature by the steam issuing from the piped by the small
apertures ď³, ď³, ď. I subject the matters to be dyed to from three to
five hours treatment in this cylinder, according to the material being
dyed, and during this time I heat the apparatus, commencing at 30°
centigrade, gradually up to 50° centigrade. After the oxidation and
the formation of the colour which has been thus produced in the vessel, I
withdraw the material and I leave it in a heap several hours, during
which the fixing of the colour is complete. I then pass the material into
a weak bath of acid bi-chromate of potash, heated to 50° centigrade, from
20 to 30 minutes, and afterwards wash in running water. Lastly, I give
it a softening bath (called a white bath) composed of a salt of soda and
olive oil, in the ordinary and well-known proportions for weak solutions
of soap; the temperature of this bath should be about 50° centigrade,
and the time from 20 to 30 minutes; the material is then well washed in
cold water, hung to dry, and the operation finished.
To freshen or give a slight shade of blue I give a weakly acid bath of
sulphuric acid and wash cold, neutralising the acid with the water
slightly alkaline.
I have described my Invention as applied to aniline black, but other
fust colours derived from coal tar may be dyed in the same manner;
for instance, the fast chocolate obtained by using hydrochlorate of
naphthylamine.
Having now described my Invention, and the best means I know of
putting it into practice, I claim as my Invention, the process of dyeing
animal or vegetable fibres fabrics or varns or mixtures of the same. an

page_text: aniline black or other fast colour derived from coal tar, by the use of
closed vessels rotated and heated substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Morgan Brown, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fourth day of November,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
two.
WILLIAM MORGAN BROWN. (L.S.)