IMPROVE. MENTS IN URINALS, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE WHEN URINE IS USED
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Phillips, of Pinhoe, in the County of Devon,
and James Bannehr, of the City of Exeter, for the Invention of "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN URINALS, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE WHEN URINE IS
USED"
Sealed the 16th July 1861, and dated the 30th January 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Phillips and
James Baunehr at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 3 th January 1861.
We, HENRY PHILLIPS, of Pinhoe, in the County of Devon, and JAMES
BANNEHR, of the City of Exeter, do hereby declare the nature of the Inven-
tion for IMPROVEMENTS IN URINALS, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE WHEN
URINE IS USED," to be as follows:-
66
This Invention has for its object improvements in urinals, and in the
manufacture of manure when urine is used. For these purposes, in order to
collect urine at urinals any suitable shapes and sizes of vessels are employed,
and combined therewith, or the pipes leading thereto, are suitable inverted
bell or other shaped traps forming water joints, by which the products evolved
from the accumulating and decomposing urine are prevented escaping to the
outer atmosphere, excepting through charcoal or other deodorizing and
purifying matter; and such is the case in regard to the air which is displaced
【Price 81]

page_text: from the collecting and storing vessels; the air when displaced or driven
from the same by their becoming more and more full of urine, also passes
amongst or through charcoal or other purifying agent. In some cases,
particularly where a urinal is at a distance from a drain or receiver, and
where it is desirable to have a connection with a trapped inlet to admit of
rain or drain water descending down the same pipe as the urine to the drain
or other receiver, there are two traps or water joints combined together,
one where the pipe of the urinal enters or is connected with the descending
pipe to the drain or receiver, and the other to the upper end of the
descending pipe where the rain or drain water is received, by which the
evolved products of the decomposing urine and other offensive products
are prevented passing into the outer atmosphere, either at the urinal or at
the upper end of the descending pipe.
In manufacturing manure, when employing human urine, it is first collected
and stored in vessels where it decomposes, and such decomposed urine is com-
bined with the dry powder of vegetable matter, by preference the ground
spent bark of tanuers, though other uncharred vegetable matter which is
readily capable of decomposition when saturated with urine may be used.
The vegetable powder saturated with decomposed urine is allowed to stand in
a heap for some weeks; the same is then dried, and the dried matters are
again saturated with decomposed urine, but in this and the subsequent
saturation.s the urine employed is combined with acid or other suitable
agent for fixing or combining with the ammonia, but, by preference, with
sulphuric acid. The saturated vegetable powder after remaining in a heap
for some time is again dried, and for such drying (owing to the ammonia
being fixed) higher temperatures may be employed. The dry product is
again saturated, kept in a heap, aud again dried, and the process is thus
conducted till the degree of concentration desired has been effected.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Phillips and James Bann hr in the Great Seal 3
Patent Office on the 30th July 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, HENRY
PHILLIPS, of Pinhoc, in the County of Devon, and JAMES BANNEHR, of the
City of Exeter, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of January, in the year of our Lord

page_text: One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Henry Phillips and James Bannehr, Her special licence that
we, the said Henry Phillips and James Bannehr, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Henry Phillips and James
Bannehr, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN URINALS,
AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANUBE WHEN URINE IS USED," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Henry Phillips and James Bannehr, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or their
hands and scals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Henry Phillips and James Bannehr,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in urinals, and in the
manufacture of manure when urine is used. For these purposes, in order to
collect urine at urinals any suitable shapes and sizes of vessels are employed
and combined therewith or the pipes leading thereto, are suitable inverted bell
or other shaped traps forming water joints, by which the products evolved
from the accumulating and decomposing urine are prevented escaping to the
outer atmosphere, excepting through charcoal or other deodorizing and puri-
fying matter; and such is the case in regard to the air which is displaced from
the collecting and storing vessels; the air when displaced or driven from the
same by their becoming more and more full of urine, also passes amongst and
through charcoal or other purifying agent. In some cases, particularly where
a urinal is at a distance from a drain or receiver, and where it is desirable to
have a connection with a trapped inlet to admit of rain or drain water
descending down the same pipe as the urine to the drain or other receiver,
there are two traps or water joints combined together, one where the pipe of
the urinal enters or is connected with the descending pipe to the drain or
receiver, and the other to the upper end of the descending pipe where

page_text: the rain or drain water is received, by which the evolved products of the
decomposing urine and other offensive products are prevented passing into
the outer atmosphere, either at the urinal or at the upper end of the
descending pipe.
In manufacturing manure, when employing human urine, it is first col-
lected and stored in vessels where it decomposes, and such decomposed
urine is combined with the dry powder of vegetable matter, by preference,
the ground spent bark of tanners, though other uncharred vegetable matter
which is readily capable of decomposition when saturated with urine may
be used. The vegetable powder saturated with decomposed urine is allowed
to stand in a heap for some weeks; the same is then dried, and the dried
matters are again saturated with decomposed urine; but in this and the
subsequent saturations the urine employed is combined with acid or other
suitable agent for fixing and combining with the ammonia, by preference,
with sulphuric acid. The saturated vegetable powder after remaining in a
heap for some time is again dried, and for such drying (owing to the ammonia
being fixed) higher temperatures may be employed. The dry product is
again saturated, kept in a heap, and again dried, and the process is thus
conducted till the degree of concentration desired has been effected.
Having thus stated the nature of our said Invention, we will proceed
more fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shews a vertical section of a vessel for collecting and for a time
storing urine at urinals; Figure 2 shows a horizontal section taken at A, A,
Figure 1 and Figure 3 shews a separate view of deodorizing chamber and
trap. In this arrangement the trap is shewn in combination with the
receiving and storing vessel, but this part of the apparatus may be at a
distance from the vessel, and be connected to it by a suitable pipe or drain
connected to the vessel in such manner as to prevent air passing into the
outer atmosphere from the storing vessel without first having passed through
that part of the apparatus which contains charcoal or other deodorizing and
purifying matter. a, a, is the storing vessel, which is shewn to be of a cylin-
drical form, but vessels of other shapes may be employed. At the upper part
of the vessel a, a, it is covered by a funnel or conical shaped cover b, having a
descending pipe c, the lower end of which dips into a small vessel d, so as to
form a fluid joint which will admit of the urine flowing freely into the vessel
a, a, but will prevent the passage of air from the vessel a, a, in that direction.
The cover may be fixed to the vessel a, a, in the manner shown, or by any

page_text: other convenient means, care being taken that the cover should fit the upper
part of the vessel a, a, in such inanner as to be as air-tight as may be. At
the upper part of the vessel a, a, and below the cover, is a chamber or com-
partment e, the bottom of which is perforated with numerous holes, and in
the upper part of which is an outlet to allow the displaced air from the urinals
or storing vessels to pass away after passing through the deodorizing matter
next described. In this chamber charcoal in a granular state is placed, or
other deodorizing matters may be used in place thereof, or in addition thereto.
The form of the hell trap or fluid joint may be varied, and as before stated
that part of the apparatus and also the deodorizing chamber may be at a
distance from the storing vessel a, a.
Figure 4 shews a vertical section of apparatus when it is desired that a
urinal should be in combination with a rain-water pipe. When employing
urine in the manufacture of anure, the urine is allowed to decompose when
stored in suitable vessels, and such decomposition will generally take place in
about thirty or forty days when stored in vessels such as above described.
The decomposed urine is then mixed with or absorbed by dry vegetable matter
which is saturated therewith, which may be dried immediately and treated
as hereafter explained, or allowed to stand in a heap for two or three
months, and then treated as hereafter explained. These matters are then
dried, which is most conveniently done in chambers or drying rooms heated to
about 120° to 180° of Fahrenheit. The dried matters, which are similar to
what have before been prepared by us, are then saturated with a further
quantity of decomposed urine, but in this case and in the subsequent satura-
tions acid or other suitable agent for fixing or combining the ammonia is
used. When using acid it is preferred to employ and mix with the decom-
posed urine sulphuric acid at the rate of about 3lbs. of acid to 100 lbs. of the
urine. The saturated vegetable matter is then again allowed to stand in a
heap for about 2 or 3 days, and then again dried, or it may be dried imme-
diately, and by preference at about 120° to 130° of Fahrenheit. The drying
may be facilitated by the mass of saturated vegetable matter being repeatedly
turned over. This process of saturation and drying is again and again
repeated till the degree of concentration desired has been obtained. In place
of sulphuricacid, the salts of lime, preferring sulphate of lime, in the proportion
of about 6 lbs.of sulphate of lime to 100 lbs. of urine or other known suitable
agent for fixing or combining with the ammonia, may be used with the urine.
If sulphate of lime be used, it should be allowed to remain some weeks in
the urine, the mixture being repeatedly stirred before mixing with the

page_text: vegetable matter. When addition of phosphate of lime is desired in the manure
biphosphate of lime is used in the latter saturations with the urine.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, we would have it understood that what we claim is,
First, the combined apparatus herein described for collecting and storing
urine.
And, secondly, we claim the manufacture of manure as herein described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Henry Phillips and James Banmehr,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fourth day of July, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness,
PAUL COURTI, Jun'.,
Jeweller, Exeter.
J. BANNEHR.
(L.S.)
(L.S.)