Improvements in Files and Rasps.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Jan., 1896-Accepted, 28th Mar., 1896
WORE DELITICATION.
Improvements in Files and Rasps.
I, IVAN OSOL, of Bolschaja Bronnaja 29, Moscow, Russia, Veterinary Surgeon,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The files and rasps hitherto in use, made from a correspondingly shaped piece of
steel and furnished with teeth have the disadvantage of being too expensive, more
especially in the larger sizes, by reason of the large piece of steel required therefor.
In order to diminish this disadvantage, it is customary to employ for large files a
cheaper kind of steel whereby however their quality and durability are injuriously
affected. Another disadvantage in solid files consists in their being distorted in
hardening, this being more especially the case with halfround files. Further the
larger tiles and rasps are too heavy for many purposes. Although in operating
upon metals a certain heaviness in files is desired, for operating upon many other
materials, wood and horn for example, the great heaviness of the files or rasps
equally as injurious, as with such soft materials the workman cannot sufficiently
control the file and must employ a portion of his strength in holding up the file
while at work.
is
This invention has for object to lessen the said disadvantages by making files or
rasps, not of a solid piece of steel, but of a thin tubular steel casing provided with
teeth and placed upon, or drawn over a correspondingly shaped core to which it is
attached in a suitable manner. In the manufacture of these files and rasps, the
casing may be made of thin material, say sheet steel, which possesses the same
structure throughout and is very cheap, so that the finest material may be used for
the operating part of the file. As the casing is of the same thickness throughout,
distortion in hardening is almost completely avoided. The files and rasps are made
ly first cutting out a piece of sheet steel to correspond to the desired file or rasp.
The piece is then bent to a tubular shape corresponding to the desired cross section
of the file. The edges are then joined together by folding or rivetting or by
hooking together tongues formed in the sheet metal or by brazing or welding.
The file is then placed on a correspondingly shaped core of lead, or iron, or other
metal, or of wood, and furnished with teeth in the usual way. For hardening, the
casing is similariy drawn upon a fireproof core and hardened in the usual way.
Instead of placing the files and rasps direct into a fire, they may, for the hardening
process be heated in a lead bath. Also the teeth may be cut in the sheet metal
while laid out Hat and the tubular shape given after the teeth have been cut. This
method is more especially advisable for rasps which instead of the ordinary rasp
teeth are provided with teeth'atamped or punched out of the sheet metal and bent
upwards. Also in cutting the teeth on the flat steel plate previous to bending it to
the tubular shape, said teeth may be cut for all sides of the file or rasp at the same
time by suitable tools or machines, and thereby considerably simplify and reduce
the cost of the cutting. Instead of making the casing of the file or rasp in one
piece bent to the desired shape as before described, it may be made of several
pieces which however are always united to form a tube so that the file is usable on
all sides. This method may be preferred for many forms of files and especially for
hoof rasps. The finished and hardened file is then driven on to the correspondingly
shaped core to which it may also be fixed by suitable additional
meaus. Different

page_text: materials may be used for the cores, wood being more especially suitable for large
files or rasps which should be of light weight
In the accompanying drawing Figs. 1 to 19 shew by way of example several
varieties of the files or rasps of this invention in the different stages of their
manufacture.
Fig. 1 shews a piece of sheet steel a cut out to pattern, the places where the
bending takes place being indicated by dotted lines: Fig. 2 is a cross section of
the same but with the edges b already bent over for the subsequent folding or
hooking together.
Figs. 3 and 4 are respectively a face view and a cross section of the steel plate a
bent to the shape of a tube or casing into which (in the present case) is driven a
wood,core e such as shewn in Fig. 5. whereupon the folded edges in consequence of
the tension of the casing, grip firmly in one another. The finished file is then of
the cross section shewn in Fig. 6. These files may have a handle attached to them
simply by means of a double spike d (Fig. 7) which is fixed in the handle and
driven into the wood core of the file or the core itself may be furnished with a
handle.
The steel casing may also, if preferred, or in case the friction of the casing on
the core is not sufficient for the purpose, be fixed on the core, say with a screw
passed through a hole e in the casing (Fig. 3). Of course also the attachment may
be effected in any other suitable way.
Figs. 8 to 11 shew different cross sections of files or rasps made in accordance
with the invention.
Instead of uniting the edges of the tubular casing by hooking them together,
they may as shewn in Fig. 12 be rivetted together, or as in Figs. 13, 14, tongues f
and apertures g may be punched out of the plate a and the tongues introduced into
the apertures and bent over.
As before stated, instead of. forming the casing of a single piece it may be made
of several pieces. Figs. 15 to 19, shew this method in its application to n four sided
tile. For this purpose two steel channel pieces are inade and passed one into the
other and rivetted together at the overlapping parts. The introduction of the core
and the attachment of the casing thereto is effected in the manner previously
described. Of course, when the casing is made in several parts the edges may
also, as in the previous cases, be united by folding or hooking, or brazing, or
welding.
Fig. 20 is a modification in which the metal casing is not, as in Figs. 1. to 19
made in the form of a tube closed all round but has two parts forming the casing
separately fixed to the core e so as only then to form a kind of closed tube.
In rasps in which the teeth are formed by punching them out of the metal, and
which therefore have apertures in the working surfaces, the core c as shewn in
Fig. 19 may be made with a longitudinal groove h.on one or more of its sides which
discharge from the casing the raspings passing through the apertures and thus
prevent clogging of the rasp teeth.
The rasps made in accordance with this invention, provided with a longitudinally
grooved core and with punched out teeth, are especially suitable for operating on
soft materials as wood and horn, and soft metals, and are also particularly adapted
for use as hoof rasps as they are of uniform sharpness, not tearing the horn or hoof,
very durable, and even in the larger sizes very light to handle.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :
1. Files and rasps in which the working surfaces are formed by a steel plate or
sheet, bent to the form of a tubular casing a and provided with teeth, said casing
being drawn on or attached to a correspondingly shaped core e of wood or other
suitable material and in which the edges of the casing are united by folding or
hooking together, or by brazing or welding, substantially as described and shewn.

page_text: 2. In files and rasps of the kind referred to in Claim 1, the construction of the
casing a in several parts which are united together to form a tube of the desired
cross section, substantially as described and shown.
3. In rasps of the kind referred to in Claims 1 and 2, the provision in the core c
of grooves for the discharge of raspings passing into the perforated casing and
preventing clogging of the rasp teeth, substantially as described and shewn.
4. In files and rasps of the kind referred to in Claim 1, the construction of the
casing a in several parts which are attached or fixed to the core o as separate
parts and only then uuited to form a closed tube, substantially as described and
shewn.
Dated this 27th day of January 1896
CAPITAINE & VON HERTLING,
89 Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.