IMPROVE- THE VENTILATION OF APARTMENTS AND RAILWAY AND MENTS IN CARRIAGES,
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Robert Holland of The Grand Hotel, Charing Cross
in the City of Westminster, Hotel Proprietor for an Invention of "IMPROVE-
THE VENTILATION OF APARTMENTS AND RAILWAY AND
MENTS IN
CARRIAGES,
"
OTHER
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Robert Holland at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th January 1883.
ALFRED ROBERT HOLLAND of The Grand Hotel, Charing Cross in the City
of Westminster, Hotel Proprietor "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VENTILATION OF
APARTMENTS AND RAILWAY AND. OTHER CARRIAGES
"
The chief object of this Invention is to provide a facile means of ventilating
apartments without creating objectionable draughts
In applying the invention to apartments fitted with sash windows I make an
opening or openings between the meeting sash bars of a character to admit of the
free introduction of air into the apartment, and I hinge to the top bar of the lower
sash a plate or plates to cover such opening or openings which plates may
conveniently consist of strips of glass, of metal, or of wood.
In general the plate will be of a length corresponding to the width of the
window and where a central fastening is used for securing the window sashes the
plate will be notched out to avoid the fastening.
This plate which will be some two or three inches in breadth will when the
ventilator is in action serve as a deflector for the incoming air and cause it to flow
vertically towards the ceiling of the apartment.
For the convenience of opening and closing the ventilator the plate may be
fitted with a projecting arm to which a pendent cord is attached. By pulling
upon this cord and holding it in tension the plate may be lifted to a suitable angle
for deflecting or guiding the ascent of the incoming air and retained in that
position.
On loosening the cord the plate will fall by its own weight and shut off the
access of the outer air to the apartment; or, any suitable mechanical contrivance
may be used for raising and lowering the deflector plates. These plates may if
desired be furnished with wings or side pieces for preventing the escape of air
around the ends of the plates.
In adapting the invention to Railway carriages for example an opening may be
made under the fixed windows communicating with the ledge, and this ledge may
be fitted with a hinged plate as above explained the raising of which will open a
passage for the admission of air and form a guide for ensuring its vertical ascent.

page_text: .
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Alfred Robert Holland in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
26th July 1883.
ALFRED ROBERT HOLLAND of The Grand Hotel, Charing Cross in the City
of Westminster Hotel Proprietor "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VENTILATION OF
APARTMENTS AND RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES
"
The chief object of this Invention is to provide a facile means for ventilating
apartments without creating objectionable draughts.
The invention admits of modification according to varying circumstances, but
in all cases the same principle of action is embodied, namely the admission of air
to the underside of a hinged valve, which when raised, forms a guide for directing
the stream of incoming air vertically into the apartment.
In the accompanying sheet of drawings I have illustrated the invention as
applied to a sash window, to a French casement, and to a railway carriage door.
Fig: 1 shews in partial elevation, a sash window fitted to ventilate an apartment
according to my Invention..
.
Fig 2 is a sectional plan view of the same, taken at the line 1. 2 of Fig: 1,
and Fig: 3 is a vertical section taken on the line 3. 4 of figures 1. and 2.
A Aare the window sashes of the ordinary construction, secured by means of
a central fastening. On either side of this fastening, the top bar of the lower
sash A is recessed to form openings, as at a. Fig: 3, for the passage through, of the.
outer air, as indicated by the arrows in that figure, into the apartment to which
the window belongs.
Overlying these openings a. are hinged valves or plates B, having each a
lever B to which a pendent cord is attached. These cords carry handles in which
annular recesses are turned to receive the prongs of a fixed hold fast secured to the
lower sash frame, for retaining the handle at any desired elevation, and thereby
holding the hinged plate in the position shewn at Fig: 3 when it is desired to
admit air into the apartment.
At the inner ends of the valves or plates B, are wings b, which project downwards
into openings a' cut transversely in the adjacent sash bars for their reception.
These wings serve a double purpose, namely, to direct the inflowing air into an
upward current, and to prevent the insertion between the sash bars, from the
outside, of an instrument for forcing back the window fastening.
The valves B may be conveniently covered on their under face with cloth to
prevent a draught when the ventilator is closed, and to insure the silent fall of the
hinged plates.
It will now be understood that when it is desired to admit fresh air into the
apartment, it is only necessary to raise the hinged valves, one or both, by pulling
on the cords attached thereto, and to secure the valves in their raised position by
slipping the pendent handles within the grip of the holdfast. These valves or
plates will then serve as deflectors for the incoming air, and cause it to flow'
vertically towards the ceiling of the apartment whence it will be diffused through
the apartment, without producing any objectionable down draught.
Fig: 4 shews my Invention as applied to a French casement, the casement being
'in partial front elevation. Fig: 5 is a sectional plan of the same, taken on the
line 5. 6 of figure 4; and fig: 6 is a vertical section taken on the line 7. 8.
of fig: 4
In this example, the ventilator is let into the top bar of each door of the
casement.

page_text: The ventilator may be described as consisting of a box C. open at the side
which is exposed to the outer air, and carrying a horizontal deflector plate D,
which will guide the current of air into the box C.
The upper part of this box, or that portion of it which projects into the apartment
from the top bar of the door, is open, and is fitted with a hinged valve or lid for
closing it. This lid, like the valves B of Fig: 1. carries a lever with a cord
appended thereto, for raising the lid or valve and retaining it in that position.
When the ventilator is opened, as shewn at fig: 6 the air will pass into the
box C, as indicated by the arrows, and passing through the box, will strike against
the lid B and be deflected upwards, as in the first described arrangement.
Fig: 7 shews in front view, and Fig: 8 in vertical section, taken on the line 9.10
of Fig: 7, the ventilator applied to a railway carriage door. In this example, I
form a horizontal slot in the hollow stile at the upper part of the door, and place
over this opening the ventilating box C of the last described arrangement, but
formed with a flange at its open side to facilitate the attachınent of the ventilator
to the door.
Air will then pass through the louvres outside the stile into the box C and
striking against the hinged valve or lid B, which acts as before described, as a
deflector, it will pass to the roof of the carriage. This deflector, constituting the
lid of the box, may be opened or closed at the will of the passengers, and retained
open by similar means to that shewn at Fig: 1, or in any equivalent manner.
Having now set forth the nature of my invention of "Improvements in the
ventilation of apartments and Railway and other carriages" and explained the
manner of carrying the same into effect I wish it to be understood that under
the above in part recited Letters Patent I claim.
The fitting of windows and carriage doors with ventilating apparatus constructed
and arranged as described with reference to the drawing, whereby air is admitted
to the underside of a hinged valve, which when raised forms a guide for directing
the stream of incoming air to the ceiling of the apartment or the roof of the
carriage
.
In witness whereof I the said Alfred Robert Holland have hereunto set my
hand and seal the twenty fifth day of July in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty three.
KADTRA
ALFRED ROBERT HOLLAND (L.S.