Improvements in Atmospheric Burners for Gas Heating.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Jan., 1899-Accepted, 25th Feb., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Atmospheric Burners for Gas Heating.
I, HENRY OSBORNE STRONG, of the Norfolk Street Works, Gloucester Street,
Bristol, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to improvements in atmospheric gas burners, and has for
its object to provide means whereby a more perfect admixture of the air and gas
may be obtained before it passes out of the mixing chamber, and this I acscomplish
by
1st. Improved nipples for admitting the gas from the supply pipes;
2nd. Improvements in the shape of the burners or mixing chambers;
Brd. The admission of an additional supply of air to the chamber after the gas
has been partially mixed with air; and
4th. An improved method of fixing the wire gauze in position at the top of
the burner.
My invention consists in providing an ordinary Bunsen burner with the usual
aperture for the inlet of air, fitted with a cock at one end, and an elbow at
the other; on this elbow the combustion chamber is fixed; the chamber is
made with a contracted passage through which the diluted gas has to flow from
the lower to the upper part, this assists the combination of the air and gas;
around the bottom of the chamber several holes are made to admit a second supply
of air; and where the pressure of gas is considerable, the chamber is fitted
with an additional internal or external tube to form a passage for a third supply
of air to mix with the gas already diluted: by this means a more perfect combina-
tion of gas and air is obtained, and the combustible mixture is greatly improved;
the wire gauze is fitted in an annular recess at the top of the burner in a slightly
domed form, and the nipple through which the gas is admitted is pierced with a
number of small holes instead of one or two large ones: these appliances will secure
a better combination of the gas and air, and will also prevent the back lighting,
which is frequently a source of annoyance with Bünsen burners.
My invention, and the means by which it is put into operation, will be more
fully described in connection with the accompanying sheet of drawings, in which
Figure 1 is a general view, in sectional elevation, of a burner complete, with the
improved nipple for the inlet of gas, and the contracted mixing chamber: Fig. 2
shows another shape nipple, which causes the gas to spread at varying angles
and to impinge on the sides of the tube, which is expanded for the purpose;
Fig. 3 shows a slight variation in the shape of the mixing chamber, with an
additional tube to convey the second combination of gas and air, and a projecting
houlder in which holes are perforated for the inlet of a third supply of air:
Fig. 4 is another arrangement for the same purpose, but the additional tube is
Jaced outside the chamber, and the air passes through spaces left at the bottom,
ombining with the second mixture before it reaches the wire gauze at the top:
Fig. 5 is a plan of the top of the burner, and Figs. 6 and 7 respectively, are
ections of Fig. 4 on lines 1. 2 and 3. 4.

page_text: The same letters of reference indicate similar parts on all the figures.
In Fig. 1 the ordinary inlet gas tap is connected to the pipe and secured therein
by a lock nut in the usual manner; the nipple A instead of having only one or
two holes for the inlet of gas, is pierced with any suitable number, say 5, 7, or 9,
one being in the centre, and the others surrounding it, this causes the gas to enter
the tube in separate currents, as indicated by dotted lines, which causes the air,
which enters at the aperture 3, to mingle more quickly with the gas, and also
prevents the hissing noise which is almost inseparable from single hole nipples.
When a large quantity of gas is likely to pass through the nipple, it is preferable
to pierce the holes in the nipple at varying angles, which will cause a spray of
gas to impinge on the sides, for this purpose the tube is expanded as shown in
Fig. 2.
The body of the chamber C is shaped as shown, the tube D supplying the
gas and air in the usual manner: holes E are made in the under surface of the
chamber for the admission of a second supply of air; the body is contracted
at F and enlarged at G to ensure a further combination of the gas and air before
it reaches the wire gauze.
An annular chase I is cut in the top of the chamber
and a flange left just below it, this serves as a circular shelf for the gauze to
rest on the wire gauze disc is dished up in the centre as shown at H in plan and
elevation above Fig. 1, then by inserting it within the top of the burner, placing
it on the shelf, and pressing the top or dome of the gauze, it is spread into the
chase and held there, as shown in Fig. 3.
In Figure 3 the shape of the chamber is modified, for the purpose of admitting a
third supply of air; as in Fig. 1 the air passes through the holes E in the lower part
of the chamber J, the contracted part F is lengthened and an internal tube K
is fitted on a shoulder prepared for its reception, through this tube the second
mixture of air and gas passes to the upper and enlarged part of the chamber;
below the shoulder, a second row of holes L is perforated, through these a third
supply of air passes between the tube K and the outer wall of the chamber and
mixes with the air and gas already in the chamber, and a third combination
takes place as it passes upwards to the wire gauze for combustion: Fig. 4 shows
another form of chamber, where the additional tube is placed outside instead of
inside the cylinder M has a number of holes N formed near the base for the inlet
of air, this escapes through the top m, a circular sleeve () of thin metal is placed
round the cylinder, and by cutting, pieces P are left on the bottom and turned out
to form projections to receive the outer cylinder, and also to serve as divisions for
the currents of air to pass between; at the top of the sleeve, any number of cuts
are made and the parts Q, (preferably four) are twisted to form bearings for the
wire gauze and also divisions for the inlet of air; R is an outer cylinder with the
upper edge turned in at S to form a circular collar to rest on the gauze H when
it has been placed on the supports Q, this outer cylinder is placed over the
cylinder M, and is kept equidistant therefrom by the projections P on the sleeve,
and thus an annular channel p is formed for the third supply of gas and air to
pass up and meet the second mixture at m and combine therewith before it reaches
the wire gauze H.
By the method and appliances herein described, the gas and air will be
thoroughly incorporated before reaching the wire gauze or other place or
contrivance where combustion takes place.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. In the construction of atmospheric gas burners, making the nipples through
which the gas is supplied with a number of holes to diffuse the gas and prevent the
hissing noise which usually accompanies the inlet of gas, such increased number
of holes permitting the gas to pass in parallel jets or at divergent angles, enlarging
the surrounding tube when necessary, substantially as herein described.
2. In the construction of atmospheric gas burners, making the wire gauze disc

page_text: into semi globular domes and providing annular grooves and shelves near the top
of the burners for their reception, so that they can be easily placed in position and
held therein, substantially as described.
3. In atmospheric gas burners, contracting the body of the chamber, and
enlarging the top and bottom parts, so that by passing through the contracted
part, the gas and air may be more completely incorporated, substantially as
described.
4. In atmospheric gas burners, providing an additional internal or external
tube, by means of which a third supply of air is conveyed to the chamber before
combustion takes place, and the various appliances for utilizing the tubes for the
purpose described and adapted to their respective uses as shown in Figs. 3 and 4,
substantially as set forth.
5. In the manufacture of atmospheric gas burners, the combination of the
various appliances herein described, for the purpose of obtaining a more efficient
admixture of gas and air and the prevention of the hissing noise and back lighting
to which atmospheric burners as at present constructed are liable, substantially as
and for the purposes herein set forth and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Hated this 4th day of January 1899.
J. G. WESTLAKE,
Applicant's Agent, 2, John Street, Bristol.