A PROCESS BY WHICH THE WASTE OF FLAX AND HEMP IS CONVERTED INTO SUBSTITUTES FOR COTTON, WOOL, AND FLAX
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herrman Salomon Heyman, of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Merchant, for the Invention of "A PROCESS BY
WHICH THE WASTE OF FLAX AND HEMP IS CONVERTED INTO SUBSTITUTES FOR
COTTON, WOOL, AND FLAX."-A communication from abroad by
Theodor Heyman, of Gothenburg, in the Kingdom of Sweden.
Sealed the 23rd November 1869, and dated the 29th July 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herrman Salomon
Heyman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 29th July 1869.
I, HERRMAN SALOMON HEYMAN, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "A PROCESS BY WHICH THE WASTE OF FLAX AND HEMP IS CONVERTED
INTO SUBSTITUTES FOR COTTON, WOOL, AND FLAX," being a communication to
me from abroad by Theodor Heyman, of Gothenburg, in the Kingdom
of Sweden, to be as follows:-
The nature of this Invention consists in a process by which the waste
of flax is converted into a substitute for cotton, and the waste of hemp

page_text: is converted into a substitute for wool, while a combination of the waste
of flax and hemp produces a substitute for flax.
These substitutes are produced in the following manner and may be
used for spinning and manufacturing purposes:-The raw fibrous
material, that is to say, the waste of flax or hemp, is boiled in a solution
of soda or potash and water for about twelve hours; the fibres thus pre-
pared must then be washed, and then the fibres are steeped in a solution
of chloride of lime; the fibres thus prepared must then again be washed
in a solution of sulphuric acid and water to remove the chlorine; the
fibres thus purified must then be dried, and when dry they are softened
and opened out by any convenient machinery, after which they are in
a suitable condition for being prepared, spun, and manufactured by
the machinery now employed in the manufacture of cotton, wool, and
flax.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Herrman Salomon Heyman in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 5th January 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HERRMAN
SALOMON HEYMAN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Mer-
chant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Herrman Salomon Heyman, Her special
licence that I, the said Herrman Salomon Heyman, ny executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Herrman
Salomon Heyman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "A PROCESS BY WHICH THE WASTE OF FLAX AND HEMP IS CON-
VERTED INTO SUBSTITUTES FOR COTTON, WOOL, AND FLAX," a communication to
mé from abroad by Theodor Heyman, of Gothenburg, in the Kingdom of

page_text: Sweden, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Herrman
Salomon Heyman, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Herrman Salomon Heyman,,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to say).:-
The nature of this Invention consists in a process by which the waste
of flax is converted into a substitute for cotton, and the waste of hemp
is converted into a substitute for wool, while a combination of the waste
of flax and hemp produces a substitute for flax.
This Invention is particularly applicable in operating upon that kind
of waste of of flax and hemp which is made in the heckling or first
combing or dressing machines, but it may be applied to waste of other
descriptions.
In performing this Invention the raw waste material of flax or hemp
is first boiled during twelve hours in a solution of soda or potash and
water, in the proportion of about seven quarts of water to one-quarter
of a pound of soda or potash for every pound of the raw waste material;
after the waste material has been thus boiled the liquid must be
allowed to run off, and the waste material is then well washed in water,
after that it is put into a solution of chloride of lime and water, in the
proportion of about seven quarts of water to from one-half to three-
quarters of a pound of chloride of lime for cach pound of waste material;
after this the waste material is again washed in water with an ad-
mixture of such a quantity of sulphuric acid as will make the mixing
appear like weak vinegar; by this washing the chloride is discharged
from the fibrous material; the fibres thus prepared or purified must
then be dried, and when dry they are softened and opened out by
any convenient machinery, after which they are in a suitable condition
for being prepared, spun, and manufactured by the machinery now
employed in the manufacture of cotton, wool, and flax.
Having thus stated the nature of the Invention, and described the
manner of performing the same as communicated to me by the within-

page_text: named Theodor Heyman, I wish it to be understood that I do not intend to
limit myself to the precise details nor to the proportions of the ingredients
given, as the same may be varied according to the quality of the waste
fibrous materials to be operated upon, and to the particular purpose for
which the fibres when prepared are intended. I claim, the improved
process described by which the waste of flax and hemp is converted into
substitutes for cotton, wool, and flax, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Herrman. Salomon Heyman, have
hereto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of December
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
H. S. HEYMAN. (L.S.)

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herrman Salomon Heyman, of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Merchant, for the Invention of "A PROCESS BY
WHICH THE WASTE OF FLAX AND HEMP IS CONVERTED INTO SUBSTITUTES FOR
COTTON, WOOL, AND FLAX."-A communication from abroad by
Theodor Heyman, of Gothenburg, in the Kingdom of Sweden.
Sealed the 23rd November 1869, and dated the 29th July 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herrman Salomon;
Heyman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 29th July 1869.
I, HERRMAN SALOMON HEYMAN, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "A PROCESS BY WHICH THE WASTE OF FLAX AND HEMP IS CONVERTED
INTO SUBSTITUTES FOR COTTON, WOOL, AND FLAX," being a communication to
me from abroad by Theodor Heyman, of Gothenburg, in the Kingdom
of Sweden, to be as follows:-
The nature of this Invention consists in a process by which the waste
of flax is converted into a substitute for cotton, and the waste of hemp.

page_text: is converted into a substitute for wool, while a combination of the waste
of flax and hemp produces a substitute for flax.
These substitutes are produced in the following manner and may be
used for spinning and manufacturing purposes:-The raw fibrous
material, that is to say, the waste of flax or hemp, is boiled in a solution
of soda or potash and water for about twelve hours; the fibres thus pre-
pared must then be washed, and then the fibres are steeped in a solution
of chloride of lime; the fibres thus prepared must then again be washed
in a solution of sulphuric acid and water to remove the chlorine; the
fibres thus purified must then be dried, and when dry they are softened
and opened out by any convenient machinery, after which they are in
a suitable condition for being prepared, spun, and manufactured by
the machinery now employed in the manufacture of cotton, wool, and
flax.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Herrman Salomon Heyman in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 5th January 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HERRMAN
SALOMON HEYMAN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Mer-
chant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her 'reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Herrman Salomon 'Heyman, Her special
licence that I, the said Herrman Salomon Heyman, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Herrman
Salomon Heyman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "A PROCESS BY WHICH THE WASTE OF FLAX AND HEMP IS CON-
VERTED INTO SUBSTITUTES FOR COTTON, WOOL, AND FLAX," a communication to
me from abroad by Theodor Heyman, of Gothenburg, in the Kingdom of

page_text: Sweden, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Herrman
Salomon Heyman, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Herrman Salomon Heyman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to say) :-
The nature of this Invention consists in a process by which the waste
of flax is converted into a substitute for cotton, and the waste of hemp
is converted into a substitute for wool, while a combination of the waste
of flax and hemp produces a substitute for flax.
This Invention is particularly applicable in operating upon that kind
of waste of of flax and hemp which is made in the heckling or first
combing or dressing machines, but it may be applied to waste of other
descriptions.
In performing this Invention the raw waste material of flax or hemp
is first boiled during twelve hours in a solution of soda or potash and
water, in the proportion of about seven quarts of water to one-quarter
of a pound of soda or potash for every pound of the raw waste material;
after the waste material has been thus boiled the liquid must be
allowed to run off, and the waste material is then well washed in water,
after that it is put into a solution of chloride of lime and water, in the
proportion of about seven quarts of water to from one-half to three-
quarters of a pound of chloride of lime for each pound of waste material;
after this the waste material is again washed in water with an ad-
mixture of such a quantity of sulphuric acid as will make the mixing
appear like weak vinegar; by this washing the chloride is discharged
from the fibrous material; the fibres thus prepared or purified must
then be dried, and when dry they are softened and opened out by
any convenient machinery, after which they are in a suitable condition
for being prepared, spun, and manufactured by the machinery now
employed in the manufacture of cotton, wool, and flax.
Having thus stated the nature of the Invention, and described the
manner of performing the same as communicated to me by the within-

page_text: named Theodor Heyman, I wish it to be understood that I do not intend to
limit myself to the precise details nor to the proportions of the ingredients
given, as the same may be varied according to the quality of the waste
fibrous materials to be operated upon, and to the particular purpose for
which the fibres when prepared are intended. I claim, the improved
process described by which the waste of flax and hemp is converted into
substitutes for cotton, wool, and flax, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Herrman Salomon Heyman, have
hereto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of December
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.