IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING, BURNISHING, AND POLISHING CYLINDRICAL SURFACES OF METAL AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Iles, of Peel Works, Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING, BURNISHING, AND POLISHING CYLINDRICAL
SURFACES OF METAL AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 6th July 1855, and dated the 3rd March 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Iles at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd March
1855.
I, CHARLES ILES, of Peel Works, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING, BURNISHING, AND POLISHING CYLINDRICAL
SURFACES OF METAL AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of constructing a cutting die to be used when
drawing tubes or rods, and also rotatory cutters, burnishers, and polishers
to revolve with their pulley or drum on a hollow fixed axis; for which
purpose, in constructing a cutting die a plate of steel is used with the hole
or passage through it slightly conical outwards, and a second plate is also
used, having a conical entrance fixed to such first-mentioned plate, so that the
two smaller diameters of the two plates come together; and the cutting die is
slightly less in diameter than the smaller diameter of the hole in the entering

page_text: plate, whereby, when tubes or rods are drawn through such a die, a thin
shaving will be cut off. When cutting and burnishing or polishing simul-
taneously, the rods or tubes are moved progressively through a hollow fixed
axis, and when their lengths require it they are supported at intervals. The
cutting and burnishing or polishing tools are fixed to a revolving drum or
pulley, which is caused to rotate on the fixed hollow axis.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Iles, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3rd
September 1855.
.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
ILES, of Peel Works, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Charles Iles, Her special licence that I, the said Charles Iles, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles
Iles, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exer-
cise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS POR CUTTING, BURNISHING, AND POLISHING CYLINDRICAL SURFACES OF
METAL AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Charles Iles, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Iles, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof (that is to say):-
This Invention consists of constructing a cutting die to be used when
drawing tubes or rods, and also rotatory cutters, burnishers, and polishers to

page_text: revolve with their pulley or drum on a hollow fixed axis; for which purpose,
in constructing a cutting die a plate of steel is used with the hole or passage
through it, and a second plate is also used, having a conical entrance fixed to
such first-mentioned plate, so that the two smaller diameters of the two plates
come together; and the cutting die is slightly less in diameter than the smaller
diameter of the hole in the entering plate, whereby, when tubes or rods are
drawn through such a die, a thin shaving will be cut off. When cutting and
burnishing or polishing simultaneously, the rods or tubes are moved progres-
sively through a hollow fixed axis, and when their lengths require it they
are supported at intervals. The cutting and burnishing or polishing tools
are fixed to a revolving drum or pulley, which is caused to rotate on the fixed
hollow axis.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to describe
the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a section, and Figure 2 a front view, of a cutting die (suit-
able for drawing tubes or rods through) constructed according to my Invention.
a is a plate of steel, having a hole or passage through it, which hole is
slightly less in diameter than the smaller diameter of the conical hole in the
entering plate 6, to which the plate a is firmly affixed by screws or otherwise,
so that, when a tube or rod is drawn through the die in the direction of the
arrow, a thin shaving will be cut off the circumference by the edge of
the smaller diameter of the cutting die. The end of the tube or rod is to be
first slightly reduced in diameter previous to its being entered into the dies.
In place of forming the die in two parts, it may be formed out of one plate of
steel only, as shown at Figure 3, in which case a conical opening is made
partly through the plate, and then the hole is slightly less in diameter, and is
then continued through the plate, so that the edge of the smaller diameter of
the passage through the plate forms the cutting edge of the die. I have not
thought it necessary to show a draw bench or other apparatus for drawing the
tubes or rods through the dies, as a workman acquainted with this class of
machinery will readily understand how to arrange the dies above described in
connection with such machinery for drawing tubes or rods through the same.
I will now describe my improvements in apparatus for simultaneously
cutting, burnishing, or polishing rods or tubes.
Figure 4 shows a side view, partly in section; Figure 5 shows a transverse
section; and Figures 6 and 7 show the cutters and parts connected therewith
op a full size scale.

page_text: a is a hollow axis, fixed to the support or upright a² on the bed plate of the
machine; b is a drum or pulley, which is capable of rotating freely on
the hollow axis a; c, c', is a cutter and burnisher, fixed by set screws to the
face of the pulley b. The pulley b receives motion by an endless band d and
pulley e, fixed on the axis f, which receives motion by a strap or band from a
steam engine or other motive power. The tube or rod is conducted between
the grooved rollers 9,9, through the fixed hollow axis a, and after being acted
upon by the rotating cutter and burnisher is guided between the grooved
rollers h, h, which receive motion in the following manner:-f' is a worm on
the axis f, which takes into and drives the worm wheel i, fixed on the vertical
axis i, which is supported in bearings fixed to the framing of the machine;
2 is a bevil toothed wheel, fixed on the lower end of the axis i, which takes
into and drives the bevil toothed wheel h¹, fixed on the axis of the upper
grooved roller h; the axes are geared together by the toothed wheels h³, 1³,
which give motion by means of the intermediate toothed wheels j, k, l, (shown
by red circles) to the toothed wheels g¹, g, fixed on the axes of the grooved
rollers 9, 9, and give motion thereto.
Figure 8 shows a side view, partly in section, of a machine suitably arranged
for cutting cylindrical surfaces when it is required that the successive cuts,
though cylindrical in themselves, should produce a tapered or conical result.
Figure 9 shows the arrangement of the cutters on a larger scale. The
mode of giving motion to the rotating cutters is similar to that previously
described in Figures 4 and 5. The tube or rod a** to be cut into a taper or
conical form on its exterior surface passes through the fixed hollow axis, and
is supported at each end on centres a¹, a¹, carried by uprights or supports
a³, a³, connected together by the rod a³, which has a projection on the under
side, through which the screw a works, so as to move the supports a³ and tube
a** to and fro. Motion is communicated to the screw a', and to the parts
connected therewith, by a strap over the pulley (1) giving motion to the axis
(2), upon which is fixed the toothed pinion (3), which takes into and drives
the toothed wheel (4), fixed on the axis of the screw a', which is supported in
bearings on the bed plate. The cutting or polishing tools c, c', are carried
by and connected to slides c³, c³, which are capable of moving to and fro
in passages formed through the drum or pulley b, such passages being placed
at an angle to the hollow axis. The slides c², c³, with the cutters are caused to
protrude more or less from the passages in the following manner, so as to place
the cutting or polishing instruments nearer to or farther from the centre of the
tube, rod, or other surface to be acted on, by which the cutters are caused to act
on the increasing diameter of such surface. f¹ is a worm on the axis f, which

page_text: gives motion to the worm wheel, fixed on the vertical axis i, on the lower end
of which is a worm i, which takes into and drives the worm wheel a* on the
hollow axis a, upon which a screw thread is cut which works in a female screw
cut in the axis of the worm wheel ax, and thus causes the wheel a* to advance
on the hollow axis, and act against the ends of the slides c³, c³, and gradually
project them from the passages they slide in.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, I would have it understood that I make no claim
to any of the mechanical parts separately, nor do I confine myself to the
precise details described; but what I claim are the combinations herein
explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Iles, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
CHARLES ILES. (L.S.)
Witness,
J. G. TONGUE.