IMPROVEMENTS IN NAILING MACHINES EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PACKING CASES AND BOXES
Year: 1884

page_text: We GEORGE LINES of 63 Crayford Road Holloway Engineer and ALFRED
BRIDGMAN of 307 Amhurst Road Stoke Newington Box Maker, both in the
County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature of said invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN NAILING MACHINES EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
PACKING CASES AND BOXES, to be as follows:-
The invention has for its object an improved construction, arrangement and
combination of parts, whereby a simple, cheap and efficient box nailing machine
is produced and our invention relates to that class of machine in which the nails.
are driven into the wood in a horizontal direction. Hitherto in such class of
machine the nails have been driven into the wood by giving motion to the table
or platform carrying the wood and thereby forcing the latter against the nails but
in carrying our invention into effect we adopt the reverse arrangement and support
the wood on a stationary table or platform and force the nails into the wood by
means of moveable pushers or drivers acting upon the nails. We also according
to our invention arrange the nail guides in such directions that those, on each
side of the centre nail, point inwards, the centre nail guide being at right angles
to the surface of the wood, by which means the nails except the centre one, are
driven in slanting directions into the wood and thereby obtain a firmer hold than
when driven at right angles into the same.
The nails are fed to the nail guides in the following manner. A horizontal
cylinder is formed with series of holes or sockets arranged in rows extending in a
direction from end to end thereof and placed at suitable distances apart from each
other. An attendant supplies these holes or sockets with nails which are placed
with their heads downwards therein.
In a line with each row of holes or sockets we arrange a sliding perforated bar,
the perforations of which when in one position are coincident with the corre-
sponding row of holes or sockets in the cylinder so as to permit the nails to be
fed to such holes or sockets.
After the nails have been fed as above described the attendant pushes said
sliding perforated bar end wise so as to cause the solid parts thereof, to cover its
Pain Q.1

page_text: corresponding row of holes or sockets in the cylinder. This sliding of the perfo-
rated bar by the attendant is done in order to indicate to him which rows of holes
or sockets he has fed with nails and thereby prevent his feeding more than one nail
to each hole or socket for each revolution of the cylinder. In the rotation of the
cylinder these sliding bars are caused to pass a fixed cam which in the event of
the attendant having omitted to slide any of such bars as above described will
automatically cause the sliding thereof so as to ensure all the holes or sockets being
covered before they come to the lower part of the cylinder, then in order to release
the nails from the holes or sockets as they arrive over the funnels or mouths con-
nected by tubes to the nail guides, such sliding covering bars are by means of a
suitable cam and connections moved endwise, until the holes therein again coincide
with the holes or sockets in the cylinder, thereby permitting the nails to fall into
the aforesaid funnels or mouths.
The nail guides are formed of a bottom grooved plate which is adjustable both
as to height and inclination in respect to the table or platform. of the machine in
order to adjust the parts to different thicknesses of wood and to the angles to which
it is required to drive the nails into the wood. Over this grooved plate is fixed a
series of guides to which the tubes are fixed. These guides below their junction
with the tubes are open at their undersides to permit of the falling of the nails
into the grooves of the bottom guide plate and they are also formned with openings
for the passage therethrough-of-the-nail-pushers or drivers, whilst along the front
of the nail guides, we-mount-a-guard-plate-which, when the nail pushers or drivers
are in their retracted position, stands with its toothed edge resting-in the grooves-
of the bottom guide plate and thereby prevents the nails from falling or jumping
out of their guide grooves and there remains until the pushers or drivers begin to
advance, at which time it is automatically lifted, after which the said plate is again
lowered on the retirement of the pushers-or-drivers. We arrange the several
grooves and guides-at short distances apart, so that the tubes can be connected-
with such nail guides as for the time being may be required-for-use,..and_by
supplying nails, to all-the-sockets in each row of the feeding cylinder, or to any
desired number and arrangement of such sockets, the machine-can-be-readily_
adjusted to various varieties of work.
The nail pushers or drivers are fixed to or carried by bars which are guided to
move in the paths required for driving the nails in the directions hereinbefore
described and such bars are acted upon by another bar formed with a broad V face
and to which motion is given by means of a treadle and suitable connections or in
other suitable manner. If desired rollers are placed between such bars to reduce
friction.
Instead of driving the nails in angular directions as herein before described the
machine may be arranged to drive the nails as hereto-fore at right angles to
the work, in which case the sliding bar, carrying the nail pushers or drivers, is
connected directly to the operating parts.
The table or platform for the work is provided with moveable fences or guides
at right angles to each other, one of which is adjusted by means of a worm or screw
and nut whilst the other is adjusted by means of thumb screws or by bolts and
nuts. When driving the machine by a treadle the latter is by suitable connections
caused to give a step by step motion to the nail feeding cylinder and by other
connections it is caused at the required times to move the nail pushers or drivers
forwards to drive the nails into the work; a counterbalance weight or weights, or
a spring or springs being employed to produce the return motion.
The horizontal portion of the box or case lying upon the table or platform is
adjusted by the attendant to the two fences, which are previously fixed at the
desired places; the upright part of the work is at its lower part placed against
the horizontal part and against the front of the nail guides and in order that it
may be held at right angles to such horizontal part, a guide bar is fixed at a
suitable distance above the table or platform in such position that when the

page_text: vertical part of tho work is pressed against the same it shall be held as required
at right angles to the horizontal part.
By the above described arrangement of feeding and guiding mechanism any
description of nail may be employed.
The machine may also, if desired, be driven by power in which caso a treadle
will be used to throw the machine into action at the desired times.
We also fix a tray in convenient position to hold a supply of nails for the
attendant to feed to the feeding cylinder and we fix another tray under the table
or platform of the machine to receive any nails which may he dropped in the
working of the machine.
Daind thin 10th J

page_text: We GEORGE LINES of 63 Crayford Road Holloway, Engineer, and ALFRED
BRIDGMAN of Stoke Newington, Box Maker, both in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN NAILING
MACHINES EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PACKING CASES AND BOXES, and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:—
The Invention has for its object an improved construction, arrangement and
combination of parts whereby a simple, chea, and efficient box nailing machine is
produced and our invention relates to that class of machine in which the nails are
driven into the wood in a horizontal direction.
Our Invention-is-represented in the accompanying drawings of which Figure 1.
is a vertical longitudinal-section. Figure 2 is a side-view. Figure 3 is a front
view and Figure 4 is a plan with the feeding arrangements-removed and Figures 5,
6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 are detail views of parts drawn to a larger scale and Figures-11-
and 12 are detail views representing a slight modification. The machine shown in
the above Figures is arranged to be driven by a treadle but in Figures 13 and 14
we have represented-an-arrangement_of_parts which we employ when driving the
inachino-by-power the machine being thrown into and out of action by means of
a treadle.
Hitherto-in-the class of machine above referred to the nails have been-driven..
into the wood by giving motion to the table-or-platform carrying the wood and
thereby forcing the latter against the nails but in carrying our Invention-into-
effect we adopt the reverse arrangement and support the wood on a stationary
table or platform a', carried by standards a and force the nails into the wood by
means of moveable pushers or drivers b acting upon the nails as hereinafter
described. We also according to our Invention arrange the nail guides c in such
directions that those on each side of the centre nail, paint either inwards ns shown
in the drawings or outwards, the centre nail guide being at right angles to the
surface of the wood, by which means the nails, except the centre one, are driven
in slanting directions into the wood and thereby obtain a firmer hold than when
driven at right angles into the same.
The nails are fed to the nail guides c in the following manner. A horizontal
cylinder & is formed with series of holes or sockets d'arranged in rows extending
across in a direction from end to end thereof and placed at suitable distances apart
from each other. An attendant supplies these holes or sockets d' with nails which
are placed with their heads downwards therein. In a line with cach row of holes
or sockets d' we arrange a sliding perforated bar d³, the perforations of which
when in one position are coincident with the corresponding row of holes or
sockets d in the cylinder d so as to permit the nails to be fed to such holes or
sockets d'.
After the nails have been fed as above described the attendant pushes said
sliding perforated bar d² endwise so as to cause the solid parts thereof to cover its
corresponding row of holes or sockets d' in the cylinder d. This sliding of the
perforated bar d² by the attendant is done in order to indicate to him which rows
of holes or sockets d' he has fed with nails and thereby prevent his feeding more
than one nail to each hole or socket d for each revolution of the cylinder d. In
the rotation of the cylinder d these sliding bars d³ are caused to pass a fixed came
carried by one of the standards a³, which cam e in the event of the attendant
having omitted to slide any of such bars dª as above described will automatically

page_text: cause the sliding thereof so as to ensure all the holes or sockets d¹ being covered
before they come to the lower part of the cylinder d, then in order to release the
nails from the holes or sockets d', as they arrive over the funnels or mouths ƒ',
connected by tubes f to the nail guides c, such sliding covering bars d² are by
ineans of a sliding cam g acting upon a lever g' moved end wise until the holes
therein again coincide with the holes or sockets in the cylinder & thereby
permitting the nails to fall into the aforesaid funnels or mouths f¹.
The nail guides are formed of a bottom grooved plate e which is adjustablo by
screws c', c3 both as to height and inclination in respect to the table or platform a
of the machine in order to adjust the parts to different thicknesses of wood and
to the angles to which it is required to drive the nails into the wood, whilst by
such means nails with either large or small heads can be used as by tilting the
plate ca large headed nail can be presented to the wood in a direction parallel to
its faces or in a direction slightly inclined thereto.
Over this grooved plate c is fixed a series of guides c' to which the tubes faro
fixed. These guides c below their junction with the tubes f are open at their
undersides to permit of the falling of the nails into the grooves of the bottom
guide plate cand they are also formed with openings c see Figure 7, for the
passage therethrough of the nail pushers or drivers b, whilst along the front of the
nail guides we mount a guard plate h which when the nail pushers or drivers b aro
in their retracted position stands with its toothed edge resting in the grooves of
the bottom guide plate c and thereby prevents the nails from falling or jumping
out of their guide grooves and there remains until the pushers or drivers 6 begin
to advance at which time it is as hereinafter described automatically lifted, after
which the said plate his again lowered on the retirement of the pushers or
drivers b. We arrango the several grooves of the plate c and the guides c¹, at
short distances apart so that the tubes f can be connected with such nail guides as
for the time being may be required for use and by supplying nails to all the
sockets in each row of the cylinder d or to any desired number and arrangement
of such sockets d¹ the machine can be readily adjusted to various varieties of work.
The nail pushers or drivers b are fixed to or carried by bars b', which are guided
to move in the paths required for driving the nails in the directions herein before
described by projections therefrom passing into inclined guide slots a³ formed in
the table or platform a¹ and such bars b¹ are acted upon by another bar be formed
with a broad face or it might be a reversed to which motion is given to
force the nails into the work by means of a treadlo i which by a link or connecting
rod is connected to a lever ji tixed on a shaft or axis j on which are also fixed
levers which by links are connected with the bar 6. Springs 6ª effect the
return motion of the bar b¹. If desired rollers may be placed between the bar b
and the bar b¹ to reduce friction. Tho shaft or axis has also fixed thereon a
lever, which acts upon the lower end of a lever mounted on an axis of
motion and the upper end of which by means of a driver acting upon a
ratchet wheel d³ fixed on the axis of the feeding' cylinder d gives a step by step
rotary motion to the said cylinder d. The said lever k has also connected thereto
the sliding cam gand thereby operates the same at the required times. The guard
plate his suspended by links h¹ from levers h² fixed to a cross shaft h³ on which is
also fixed a lever h* which by a link h³ is connected to the sliding bar bª by which
means the said guard plate his raised and lowered at the required times.
The table or platform a¹ for the work is provided with moveable, fences or
guides l, l' at right angles to each other, the guide being adjusted by means of a
worm or screw m working in a nut and operated by a hand wheel m', whilst
the other guides or fences are adjusted by means of thumb screws or by bolts
and nuts as shown.
A counter balance weight is employed to produce the return motion of the
treadle or a spring or springs may be employed for such purpose.
Instead of driving the nails in angular directions as hereinbefore described the
machine may be arranged to drive the nails as heretofore at right angles to the

page_text: I
work in which case the sliding bar b' carrying the nail pushers or drivers 6 is
connected as shown at Figures 11 and 12 directly to the links ja by which it is
operated.
The horizontal portion of the box or case lying upon the table or platform a¹
is adjusted by the attendant to the fences . which are previously fixed at the
desired places; the upright part of the work is at its lower part placed against
the horizontal part and against the front of the nail guides c and in order that it
may be held at right angles to such horizontal part a guide bar is fixed at a
suitable distance above the table or platform a¹ in such position that when the
vertical part of the work is pressed against the same it shall be held as required at
right angles to the horizontal part.
We also fix a tray o in convenient position to hold a supply of nails for the
attendant to feed to the feeding cylinder d and we fix another tray p and suitable
guides q under the table or platform a¹ to receive any nails which may be dropped
in the working of the machine.
By the arrangement of feeding and guiding mechanism herein described any
description of nail may be employed.
The machine may also be driven by power in which case we employ the
arrangement-shown at Figures 13 and 14 to throw the machine into action at
the required times. In-such arrangement the treadle-i-is-connected by a link ³
to a lever fixed on an axis to which latter are fixed-clutch-levers, which act
to move the pinion & longitudinally on the driving shafts, which latter receives
motion by a strap or band from any suitable motive power acting upon the
pulley 8. The pinion s¹ is formed on its end with a clutch to act in connection
with a corresponding-clutch-formed on the boss of the fly wheel & Thus when in
the-position shown in the drawing the shaft s is capable of rotation-independently
of the pinion s', but when the snid-pinion is moved on the shaft & so that its
-clutch-acts_in_connection with the clutch on the fly wheel motion will-be-
communicated to the pinion a', which in-its-turn-will communicate motion to the
toothed wheel t fixed on the shaft or axle t; on this shaft t is also fixed-a-cam-t²
which acts upon a lever jo fixed upon the shaft or axlo j and thus communicates a
rocking motion to said shaft j which through the several levers fixed thereon as
described with respect to figures 1 to 12 communicates motion to the various parts
of the machine. Thus by depressing the treadle the machine is thrown into gear
with the driving shaft 8, whilst by releasing the treadle i, the weight on the
rear end thereof acts thereon to throw the pinion s³ out of connection with the
driving pulleys and thereby stops the machine.
"
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is
1. In box nailing machines, in which the nails are driven in a horizontal
direction into the wood, the employment of horizontally moving pushers or
drivers 6 to force the nails into the wood substantially as herein shown and
described.
2. Feeding the nails to the nail guides c by means of a horizontal cylinder d
having holes or sockets d' and sliding perforated bars d acted upon at one end by
a fixed cam e and at the other by a lever g' which is operated by a sliding cam g
in combination with funnels ƒ³ and tubes ƒ substantially as herein shown and
described.
3. In combination with the nails feeding and guiding devices the guard plate /
operated substantially as herein shown and described and for the purpose stated..
4. Fixing the nail pushers or drivers b on each side of the centre one at an angle
thereto and operating the same substantially as herein shown and described and
for the purpose stated.
5. The combination of dogs or fences, with the front edge of nail guide
plate e and guide bar n for ensuring the correct adjustment of the work substan-
tially as herein shown and described.

page_text: 6. The nail guide plate c formed with a large number of guide grooves therein,
in combination with a similar number of pushers or drivers band with a smaller
number of feeding holes or sockets d', guide tubes f and funnels f' to facilitato
adjustment of the number and arrangement of nails to be driven substantially as
herein shown and described.
7. The general arrangement and combination of parts for securing correct
adjustment of the work for feeding guiding and driving the nails and for adjust-
ment of the nail guide plate substantially as herein shown and described.
Dated this 8th day of November 1884.
G. LINES.
A. BRIDGMAN.
By Harris & Mills,
. 23, Southampton Buildings,
Agents.