Improvements in Machinery for Engraving or Carving.
Year: 1897

page_text: Improvements in Machinery for Engraving or Carving.
I, ROBERT LINDSEY CLARK, of Christchurch House, Malvern Road, Cheltenham, in
the County of Gloucester, Sculptor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in that class of engraving or carving
machinery in which the engraving or carving cutter or tool is made to follow a path
which is defined by the movements of a pointer or tracer which is kept in contact
with the surface of a template, pattern or model while such template, pattern, or
model is passed in front of such pointer or tracer.
In machinery of this kind it has only been possible heretofore, so far as I am aware,
to engrave or carve flat or nearly flat objects in relief or intaglio of moderate height or
depth, and in some varieties of such machinery it has been impossible when engraving
or carving an object of the same size as the pattern or model to obtain the same
height of relief or depth of intaglio in the copy as in the pattern or model. The
chief objects of my invention are, therefore, firstly, to provide means for engraving
or carving objects having curved or irregular surfaces, and to engrave or carve such
objects on all sides thereof. For example by my improvement under this head I am
enabled to engrave or carve the entire surface of a circular or other shaped vase, or to
carve a bust or statue complete except as to undercut portions: and secondly to pro-
vide means whereby the same height of relief or depth of intaglio can be obtained in
the copy as in the pattern or model.
In order to effect my first object I arrange two spindles parallel to one another so that
they revolve in suitable conical or other bearings, and so that they can be adjusted to
various distances from one another according to circumstances. These spindles are
preferably placed in a vertical position, and are provided at their upper ends with
suitable tables or chucks. On the table or chuck of one of the spindles is mounted
the pattern or model it is desired to copy such as a vase or bust for example, and on
the table or chuck of the other spindle is mounted the piece of material intended to
be operated upon in order to produce the copy of the pattern or model. The two
spindles are caused to rotate at the same speed by means of worm or other suitable
gear. In a suitable position opposite to the side of the material to be operated upon
and of the pattern or model is placed a bar on which are mounted a pointer or tracer,
and a revolving or other suitable cutter or tool. The pointer or tracer being placed
opposite the pattern or model and the cutter or tool opposite the piece of material to
be operated upon. The bar is pressed constantly towards the pattern or model and
the material to be operated upon so that as these rotate slowly the pointer or tracer
bears against the surface of the pattern or model and the revolving cutter or tool
against the material to be operated upon, the latter being cut away by the cutter or
tool circumferentially in a path which undulates or rises and falls in the same way as
the corresponding circumferential path traced by the pointer or tracer on the surface
of the pattern or model. When the pattern or model and the material to be
operated upon have completed a revolution, the bar with its pointer or tracer and
cutter or tool is raised or lowered a short distance in order to bring the cutter

page_text: and tracer opposite a fresh part of the material and pattern or model respectively.
Or, if preferred, the bar may be caused to slowly ascend or descend continuously so
that the cutter and tracer follow continuous spiral paths on the material and pattern
respectively. Instead of causing the bar to rise or fall the spindles carrying the
material and pattern may be caused to do so, or both bar and spindles may be caused
to rise or fall. In some cases it may be found convenient to limit the travel of the
bar to a comparatively short distance, so that when a piece of work has to be done
which is longer than the traverse of the bar, the work itself and its pattern may be
moved endwise in order to bring fresh parts of their surfaces within the range of
the cutter and tracer on the bar.
In the arrangement above described the bar carrying the cutter or tool and the
pointer or tracer is supposed to move parallel to itself both as regards its movement
to and from the axis of the revolving material and pattern, and as regards its travers-
ing movement lengthwise of such material and pattern; but in some arrangements of
engraving or carving machinery, of this character the bar is mounted on a fulcrum in
such manner that it swings in one plane, the horizontal for example, to enable the
pointer or tracer and the cutter or tool to follow the undulations in the paths of
the pattern and material respectively, is moved parallel to itself in another plane, the
vertical for example, to give the longitudinal traverse. When such an arrangement is
employed to produce a copy of the same size as the pattern the height of the relief or
the depth of the intaglio is not the same as that on the pattern, and it is the avoid-
ance of this inconvenience that forms my second object as above stated. For this
purpose instead of placing both the material to be operated upon and the pattern on
the same side of the cutter and trace bar I place the pattern on one side of the bar
and the material on the other side thereof, and I place the fulcrum of the bar
between the material and the pattern; by this means the horizontal oscillation of
the bar on its fulerum produces the same height of relief or depth of intaglio on the
copy as
exists on the pattern whilst the vertical traverse of the bar parallel to
itself secures that the height of the copy is the same as that of the pattern.
In order to secure exact similarity of relief or intaglio in the copy to that in the
pattern in the arrangement last above described, it is important that the axis of the
fulcrum on which the bar makes its oscillation in order to follow the undulation of
the relief or intaglio of the pattern should stand in the same plane as the axis of the
cutter and tracer bar, or nearly so, instead of standing in a plane at some distance
from the plane of such axis as has heretofore been the cases in certain machines of
this class.
In order to produce a left-hand copy from a right-hand pattern or vice versâ the
two spindles carrying the pattern and copy respectively, are caused to rotate in
opposite directions.
It will be understood that the mechanism for rotating the spindles carrying the
material to be operated upon, and the pattern, as also that for supporting, moving,
and traversing the bar, and for giving motion to the various parts of the machine
generally, may be similar to that ordinarily employed in machinery of this kind, or
it may be of any other suitable kind according to the particular structure of the
machine and the purpose for which it is intended.
Dated this 9th day of September 1897.
I, ROBERT LINDSEY CLARK, of Christchurch House, Malvern Road, Cheltenham, in
the County of Gloucester, Sculptor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention,

page_text: and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in that class of engraving or carving
machinery in which the engraving or carving cutter or tool is made to follow a path
which is defined by the movements of a pointer or tracer which is kept in contact
with the surface of a template, pattern or model, while such template, pattern or
model is passed in front of such pointer or tracer.
In machinery of this kind it has only been possible heretofore, so far as I am aware,
to engrave or carve flat or nearly flat objects in relief or intaglio of moderate height
or depth, and in some varieties of such machinery, as for example in that kind for which
a patent was granted to Luigi Filippo Campi and Robert Elsdon bearing date the 21st
day of May 1891 No. 8,684 it has been impossible, when engraving or carving an object of
the same size as the pattern or model, to obtain the same height of relief or depth
of intaglio in the copy as in the pattern or model. The chief objects of my invention
are, therefore, firstly, to provide means for engraving or carving objects having curved
or irregular surfaces, and to engrave or carve such objects on all sides thereof. For
example, by my improvement under this head I am enabled to engrave or carve the
entire surface of a circular or other shaped vase, or to carve a bust or statue complete
except as to undercut portions; and secondly to provide means whereby the same
height of relief or depth of intaglio can be obtained in the copy as in the pattern or
model.
In order to effect my first object I arrange two spindles parallel to one another so
that they revolve in suitable conical or other bearings, and so that they can be
adjusted to various distances from one another according to circumstances. These.
spindles are preferably placed in a vertical position, and are provided at their upper
ends with suitable tables or chucks. On the table or chuck of one of the spindles is
mounted the pattern or model it is desired to copy, such as a vase or bust for example,
and on the table or chuck of the other spindle is mounted the piece of material
intended to be operated upon in order to produce the copy of the pattern or model.
The two spindles are caused to rotate at the same speed by means of worm or other
suitable gear.
In a suitable position opposite to the side of the material to be
operated upon and of the pattern or model is placed a bar on which are mounted a
pointer or tracer, and a revolving or other suitable cutter or tool. The pointer or
tracer being placed opposite the pattern or model and the cutter or tool opposite the
piece of material to be operated upon. The bar is pressed constantly towards the
pattern or model and the material to be operated upon, so that as these rotate slowly
the pointer or tracer bears against the surface of the pattern or model and the
revolving cutter or tool against the material to be operated upon, the latter being
cut away by the cutter or tool circumferentially in a path which undulates or rises
and falls in the same way as the corresponding circumferential path traced by the
pointer or tracer on the surface of the pattern or model. When the pattern or model,
and the material to be operated upon have completed a revolution, the bar with its
pointer or tracer and cutter or tool is raised or lowered a short distance in order to
bring the cutter and tracer opposite a fresh part of the material and pattern or model
respectively. Or, if preferred, the bar may be caused to slowly ascend or descend
continuously so that the cutter and tracer follow continuous spiral paths on the
material and pattern respectively. Instead of causing the bar to rise or fall the
spindles carrying the material and pattern may be caused to do so, or both bar and
spindles may be caused to rise or fall. In some cases it may be found convenient to
limit the travel of the bar to a comparatively short distance, so that when a piece of
work has to be done which is longer than the traverse of the bar, the work itself and
its pattern may be moved endwise in order to bring fresh parts of their surfaces
within the range of the cutter and tracer on the bar.
In the arrangement above described the bar carrying the cutter or tool and the
pointer or tracer is supposed to move parallel to itself both as regards its movement
to and from the axis of the revolving material and pattern, and as regards its

page_text: traversing movement lengthwise of such material and pattern; but in some
arrangements of engraving or carving machinery of this character the bar is mounted
on a fulcrum in such manner that it swings in one plane, the horizontal for example,
to enable the pointer or tracer and the cutter or tool to follow the undulations in the
paths of the pattern and material respectively, and is moved parallel to itself in
another plane, the vertical for example, to give the longitudinal traverse.
When
such an arrangement is employed to produce a copy of the same size as the pattern
the height of the relief or the depth of the intaglio is not the same as that on the
pattern, and it is the avoidance of this inconvenience that forms my second object as
above stated. For this purpose instead of placing both the material to be operated
upon and the pattern on the same side of the cutter and tracer bar, I place the
pattern on one side of the bar and the material in the other side thereof, and I place
the fulcrum of the bar between the material and the pattern; by this means the
horizontal oscillation of the bar on its fulcrum produces the same height of relief or
depth of intaglio on the copy as exists on the pattern whilst the vertical traverse of
the bar parallel to itself secures that the height of the copy is the same as that of
the pattern.
In order to secure exact similarity of relief or intaglio in the copy to that in the
pattern in the arrangement last above described, it is important that the axis of the
fulerum on which the bar makes its oscillation in order to follow the undulation of
the relief or intaglio of the pattern should stand in the same plane as the axis of the
cutter and tracer bar, or nearly so, instead of standing in a plane at some distance
from the plane of such axis as has heretofore been the case in certain machines of this
class.
In order to produce a left-hand copy from a right hand pattern, or vice versa, the
two spindles, carrying the pattern and copy respectively, are caused to rotate in
opposite directions.
It will be understood that the mechanism for rotating the spindles carrying the
material to be operated upon, and the pattern, as also that for supporting, moving,
and traversing the bar, and for giving motion to the various parts of the machine
generally, inay be similar to that ordinarily employed in machinery of this kind, or it
may be of any other suitable kind according to the particular structure of the
machine and the purpose for which it is intended.
And in order that the said invention may be fully understood I will now proceed to
describe the same with the aid of the accompanying three sheets of drawings, in which
Figure 1 is a front elevation, Figure 2 a side or end elevation, and Figure 3 a plan of
an engraving or carving machine embodying the essential features of the invention.
Figure 4 is a cross section of the supporting bed-plate.
1 is a vertically placed bed-plate supported by two A-frames 2, one at either end.
This bed-plate is provided with truly planed faces 3, and grooves 4, the sides 5 of
which latter are also truly planed to serve as guides for the fillets 6 of the
headstocks 7, 8, which carry respectively the vertical revolving spindles 9, 10.
These headstocks with their spindles can be adjusted longitudinally on the bed-
plate 1, and fixed in any required position thereon, and at any required distance
from one another by means of bolts 11. The spindles 9, 10 are adapted to
revolve in conical or other suitable bearings in the headstocks 7, 8 and can be
raised or lowered therein by means to be hereinafter described. They are provided at
their upper ends with tables or chucks 12, 13. The pattern or model to be copied is
placed and secured on the chuck 12, and the piece of material intended to be operated
upon is placed and secured on the chuck 13. The spindles 9, 10 are caused to rotate
at the same speed by means of worn-wheels 14, 15 fixed on the spindles 9, 10
respectively and driven by worms 16, 17 on a worm shaft 18 revolving in bearings 19
fixed on the bed-plate 1, and driven by a pulley 20 to which motion is communicated
by a cord 21 from a pulley 22 on an overhead shaft 23, or otherwise as may be
convenient. The worms 16, 17 are placed between checks or brackets 24 on the
headstocks 7, 8 so that as the latter are moved longitudinally on the bed-plate 1, in
order to effect their adjustment, the worms 16, 17 necessarily move with them, and

page_text: the latter are caused to rotate by the shaft 18 by means of feathers in the worms
taking into a groove in the said shaft, or by other suitable means.
On two A-frames 25 are mounted two guide standards 26, on each of which
is mounted a slide 27 adapted to slide steadily up and down thereon. To these
slides 27 is fitted a cross slide 28 alapted to slide steadily thereon longitudinally of
the machine; and on the underside of this cross slide 28 is fitted another slide 29
adapted to slide longitudinally thereon, that is to say transversely of the machine.
This slide 29 carries a jaw 30 provided with centre screws 31 which form the fulcra
or pivots of a bar 32, on which are mounted a pointer or tracer 33, and a revolving or
other suitable cutter or tool 34. The pointer or tracer 33 is fixed on the bar 32
opposite the pattern or model placed on the chuck 12, and the cutter or tool 34
opposite the piece of material to be operated upon placed on the chuck 13.
The bar 32 has fixed at one end a frame 35 carrying a roller 36 which rests on a
bar 37 carried by vertically moving and guided slides as will be hereinafter more
particularly described. This method of supporting and guiding the end of the cutter
and tracer bar is quite the same as that described in the specification of the aforesaid
patent of Campi and Elsdon, and forms no part of the present invention. The pointer
or tracer 33 is constantly pressed towards the pattern or model, and the cutter or
tool 34 towards the material to be operated upon, by means of a weight 38 and a
cord 39 one end of which latter is fixed to the frame 35 of the bar 32, and the other
end, after passing over a guide pulley 40, is fixed to the said weight 38.
As hereinbefore stated, when the pattern or model and the material to be operated
upon have completed a revolution, the bar with its pointer or tracer and cutter or tool
is raised or lowered a short distance in order to bring the cutter and tracer opposite
a fresh part of the material and pattern respectively. Or, the bar may be caused to
slowly ascend or descend continuously so that the cutter and tracer follow continuous
spiral paths on the material and pattern respectively as these revolve. This latter
arrangement is the one illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and is carried out
in the following way:-
The slides 27, which are adapted to move up and down on the guide standards 26,
and carry the bar 32 through the intervention of the slides 28 and 29, are each
provided with a screw nut through which passes a traversing screw 41, the upper
end of which rotates in a bearing 42 in the crosshead of the standard 26 The
slides 43, carrying the bar 37, are adapted to move vertically up and down on the
guide standards 44 carried by the A-frames 45, and are provided with screw nuts in
the same way as the slides 27, through which nuts pass traversing screws 46 the
upper ends of which rotate in bearings 47 in the crosshead 48 of the standards 44.
The traversing screws 41 are provided at their upper ends with bevel wheels 49 which
gear with bevel wheels 50 on a cross shaft 51, the rotation of which causes the two
screws 41 to rotate together, and thus raise or lower the slides 27 at both sides of
the machine simultaneously and at the same speed. The traversing screws 46 are in
like manner provided at their upper ends with bevel wheels 52 which gear with hevel
wheels 53 on a cross shaft 54, the rotation of which causes the two screws 46 to.
rotate together, and thus raise or lower the slides 43 at both sides of the machine
simultaneously and at the same speed. In order to cause the traversing screws 41
and 46 to rotate simultaneously, the two cross shafts 51 and 54 are connected together
by a shaft 55 and mitre wheels 56 and 57. The traversing screws 41 and 46 are
rotated from the worm shaft 18 by means of a worm 58, worm wheel 59 and a train
of spur wheels 60, 61, 62 and 63, the latter wheel being keyed on the lower end of
one of the traversing screws 46. From this screw the motion is communicated to
the other by means of the shafting and bevil gearing above described. The
wheels 60, 61, 62 and 63 may be varied as to their relative diameters like the change
wheels of a screw-cutting lathe according to the distance the bar 32 is required to
traverse for each revolution of the spindles 9 and 10.
As hereinbefore stated, instead of causing the bar 32 to rise or fall, the
spindles 9 and 10 carrying the material and pattern may be caused to do so by
suitable gearing, or both the bar 32 and the spindles 9 and 10 may be caused to rise

page_text: or fall, and in some cases it may be found convenient to limit the travel of the bar 32
to a comparatively short distance, so that when a piece of work has to be done which
is longer than the traverse of the bar, the work itself and its pattern may be moved
endwise in order to bring fresh parts of their surfaces within the range of the cutter
and tracer on the bar. To enable this to be done, the spindles 9 and 10 have a
screw thread cut on them throughout their length, and each passes through conical
bushes or collars 64 adapted to rotate in corresponding bearings in the head-
stocks 7 and 8. The collars 64 are caused to rotate with the spindles 9 and 10 by
means of feathers in the collars taking into longitudinal grooves 65 in the spindles.
Nuts 66 are screwed on to the spindles tightly against the top and bottom surfaces
of the collars 64, which are of such a length that when the nuts are screwed against
their ends the nuts stand just clear of the headstocks so as not to interfere with the
rotation of the spindles and conical collars, the reverse direction of the conical
collars preventing the spindles rising or falling when the nuts are properly adjusted.
It will now be understood that when it is desired to raise or lower the spindles 9
and 10 the nuts 66 are slackened, the spindles raised or lowered to the desired
position, and the nuts then tightened up so as to retain the spindles in that position
vertically.
The rotation of the cutter or tool 34 may be effected by any suitable means, those
shown in the drawings are of the following character:-
A pulley 23 on the overhead driving shaft 23 communicates motion by a cord or
band 23 and pulley 23° to a countershaft 23d. A pulley 23 on this countershaft
drives a cord or band 23' which passes up over a guide pulley 238 turning on a stud
fixed on the standard 26, thence over guide pulleys 23 and 23' turning on studs
fixed on the slide 27, thence round pulley 235 on bracket 23* fixed on bar 32, round
driving pulley 23' of cutter 34, then back to a pulley 23* similar to 231 on bracket 23*,
then round pulleys 23 and 23" turning on studs fixed to slide 27 at the other
side of the machine, then down under pulley 23P on the weight 234 thence up over
pulley 23 on cross-bar 23 at top of machine, and thence back to pulley 23° on
countershaft. It will be understood that the object of the weight 231 and pulley 23"
is to allow for the varying length of the cord or band 23' due to the varying positions
of the bar 32.
It will be seen that in the arrangement illustrated by the drawings the spindle 9
carrying the pattern is placed on one side of the cutter and tracer bar 32, and the
spindle 10 carrying the material to be operated upon by the cutter is placed on the
other side of the said bar, the fulcruin of the latter being between the two spindles,
by this means the horizontal oscillation of the bar on its fulcrum produces the same
height of relief or depth of intaglio on the copy as exists on the pattern, when the
fulcrum is midway between the two spindles 9 and 10; but it is obvious that if the
fulcrum is placed further from one spindle than from the other the height of relief or
depth of intaglio will be in proportion to the respective distances. The variation of
the position of the fulcrum to suit various circumstances can easily be effected by
moving the slide 29 transversely of the machine on the slide 28, and the latter
longitudinally of the machine on the slides 27. The movements of the slide 29 on
the slide 28, and of the latter on the slides 27, may be effected by suitably arranged
traversing screws in the well known way, or by hand; but in the latter case provision
must be made for locking the slides when properly adjusted so that they shall not
shift their position while the work is being executed.
The axis of the fulcrum on which the bar 32 oscillates in order to follow the
undulation of the relief or intaglio of the pattern is made to stand in the same
vertical plane as the axis of the bar by means of the jaw 30 as shown clearly in
Figure 2, whereby exact similarity of relief or intaglio in the copy to that in the
pattern is secured, whereas in the arrangement shown in the specification of the
aforesaid patent of Campi and Elsdon, in which the fulcrum is not in the same
vertical plane as the bar, the relief or intaglio is not exactly the same on the copy
as on the pattern,

page_text: It will now be understood that when a pattern or model of a more or less cylindrical
object such as a vase or a printing roller, for example, is mounted on the chuck 12,
and the piece of material from which the copy is to be produced is mounted on the
chuck 13, and the machine is set in motion, the pattern and material will be rotated
slowly at the same speed, that the pointer or tracer will follow the projections and
hollows of the pattern as it rotates, that the cutter rotating at a suitable speed
according to its nature and that of the material it is operating upon will cut away
the said material in a manner corresponding to the pattern, and that the cutter and
tracer bar 32 will be raised or lowered slowly through a certain distance for each
revolution of the pattern and material.
In the arrangements above described and illustrated in the drawings the copy will
have formed on it reliefs and intaglios corresponding to those on the pattern, but it
sometimes happens that it is required to make reliefs on the copy corresponding to
intaglios on the pattern, and intaglios on the copy corresponding to reliefs on the
pattern, as for instance in the case of roller dies for producing raised or depressed
patterns in sheet metal goods and so forth. In such a case both spindles would be
arranged on the same side of the cutter and tracer bar, instead of on opposite sides
as in the drawings, the fulcrum of the bar still remaining between the two spindles.
The arrangements above described for carving or engraving more or less cylindrical
or other curved or irregular surfaces can also be employed in connection with a cutter
and tracer bar 32* pivotted or fulcrummed at one end, as described in the specification
of the aforesaid patent of Campi and Elsdon, by pivotting it to a slide 67 adapted to
be moved up or down on a guide standard 68 at the same speed as the other and free
end resting on the bar 37; but in this case the height of the relief or depth of
intaglio in the copy as compared with the pattern will be in proportion to the
respective distances of the pattern and material from the pivot or fulcrum 31. To
enable the position of the fulcrum of the bar in this case to be adjusted to suit
various diameters of patterns and copies the said fulcrum 31* is mounted on a slide 70
adapted to be traversed on, and fixed in any desired position on the slide 67.
bar 32* may be pivotted to the slide 70 by an universal joint as shown, which will
enable it to swing in both vertical and horizontal planes, whereby copies of larger or
smaller size, both as to height and diameter, than the pattern, can be produced to a
limited extent.
The
Instead of pivotting the bar 32 between the spindles as shown in the drawings, it
may be mounted on slides or otherwise and adapted to be moved by suitable means
parallel to itself to and from the pattern and material, both of which are in that case
inounted at the same side of the bar, the tracer following the undulations of the
pattern as it revolves and the tool or cutter operating in a corresponding way upon
the revolving material intended to form the copy.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
First. In machinery for engraving or carving, the arrangements whereby objects
can be engraved or carved on all sides, which consist of two spindles arranged
parallel to one another, provided at their ends with means for holding respectively the
pattern or model and the material to be operated upon, and a bar carrying a pointer
or tracer and a revolving or other suitable cutter or tool, such bar being adapted to
swing or otherwise move more or less radially towards and away from the axes of
motion of the pattern or model and copy, in order to enable the tracer to follow the
undulating surfaces of such pattern or model and copy circumferentially, and to
traverse or move either intermittently or continuously in planes parallel with such
axes in orde: to enable the tracer to follow the undulating surfaces of such pattern or
model and copy iongitudinally, substantially as described.
Second. In machinery for engraving or carving, the arrangements which consist of
two spindles arranged parallel to one another provided at their ends with means for
holding respectively the pattern or model and the material to be operated upon, and

page_text: a bar carrying a pointer or tracer and a revolving or other suitable cutter or tool, the
said bar being pivotted or fulcrummed at a point intermediate between the pattern
or model and the copy, all combined and operating substantially as described with
reference to the drawings and for the purposes specified.
Third. In machinery for engraving or carving of the kind herein referred to, the
improvement whereby the same proportionate height of relief or depth of intaglio
can be obtained in the copy as in the pattern or model, such improvement consisting
in pivotting the bar carrying the tracer and cutter at a point intermediate between
the pattern or model and the copy, and placing the pattern or model at one side of
the bar, and the copy at the other side thereof, substantially as described.
Fourth. In machinery for engraving or carving, of the kind herein referred to, the
improvement whereby relief on the pattern or model is made into intaglio in the
copy, and intaglio in the pattern or model is made into relief on the copy, such
improvement consisting in pivotting the bar carrying the tracer and cutter at a point
intermediate between the pattern or model and the copy, and placing both the
pattern or model and the copy at the same side of the bar, substantially as described.
Fifth. The improved machinery for engraving or carving, substantially as described.
Dated this 10th day of June 1898.