Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Dec., 1888
Specification Accepted, 12th Feb.. 1889
J, MARIE JULES RAOUL JACQUEMIER, of 23 Boulevard de Strasbourg, Paris,
Franco, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This Invention relates to electrical meters of the kind described in my former
specification No. 14226 of 1887 and consists in modifications and improvements on
such meters, as I shall describe referring to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a front view of my improved meter.
Fig. 2 is an elevation, the dial being removed.
Fig. 4 is a plan and Fig. 5 a sectional plan on M N (Figs. 1, 2, 3).
Fig. 6 is a section on PQ (Figs. 4 and 5).
E are the electromagnets which are excited by the current to be measured ;
between their poles is mounted the armature A on an axis B centred at a a¹. On
the armature is pivotted at b a balanced arm which is urged by a spring c against
a stop d adjustable by a screw. e is an elastic cushion of caoutchouc, cork, felt or
other suitable material forming a buffer f for the armature on its return stroke.
Fixed to the axis B is one end of a volute spring D, the other end of which is attached
to a pin g which is held by a light spring a little above the stop F.
current is very weak, the spring yields to the movement of the armature until
rests on F, and then the effort of the armature to turn is taken by the spring D.
The spring his fixed at and can be more or less strained by an adjusting screw j.
When the
G Fig. 3 is a lever pivotted at 7 on a toothed sector H which is pivotted at m and
is loaded by a weight n. At the lower end of G is a pin & adjustable in a slot, and
at the upper end is a slot o engaging a pin p, which (as shown in the section on RS
Fig. 7 also in Figs. 3 and 6) projects from the arm 9 of a spindle, which inside the
frame plate X has another downwardly projecting arm g' with pin p'. The head of G
can vibrate between two fixed pins s and s, and G, being loaded on one side by an
adjustable weight t, the pin p is urged by it towards the right, p' being urged towards
the left. The sector H gears with a pinion I to which is fixed a non circular wheel J
gearing with another non-circular wheel K which is fixed to a pinion L gearing
with a wheel M.
The apparatus contains two clock work mechanisms; the first or time clock worked

page_text: by the spring N effects at regular intervals, such as every 5 minutes, a disengagement
which will presently be described. The second clock-work driven by the spring O
works the counter gear, when the disengagement is effected by the first. The clock
work N turns a disc P carrying a pin which acts successively on the two
arms Q and S. The arm Q is pivotted at u and has a bent arm Q¹ carrying a pin u
which normally forms a stop for an arm z on the axis of the flyer to belonging to the
second clock-work O. The other arm S pivotted at w¹ has an arm S' which carries the
hinder pivot of the wheel M. A light spring y pressing on a pin z on the arm S'
tends to keep M in gear with L.
The counter operates as follows:-During the 5 minutes or other interval between
one disengagement and the next, the pin on the disc P moves clear of Q and S
turning in the direction of the arrow, the pin v of the arm Q1 stopping the flyer w
and the counter clock work O.
to move.
The pin p of the arm is held to the left, the upper end of G lying towards the
right against the fixed pin s¹, the wheel M is held in gear with L, and the sector H
lies against its stop v. When the moment of disengagement arrives, moves Q
and raising the pin v, and so releasing the flyer w and permitting the clock-work O
The wheel M, thus turned, turns the pinion L and the non-circular
wheel K which turns the non-circular wheel J and its pinion I, moving the sector H
with the pivot of the lever G. As the top of G remains stationary against s¹, the
pink at its lower end moves towards the arm of the armature. When reaches C
it is resisted and this resistance makes the upper end of G moves towards the left
leaving and meetings; by this movement it moves the pin p the arms q and q¹
and the pin pl which immediately stops the flyer w of the clockwork O. This clock-
work O is thus permitted to move only until the pink reaches C, making a number
of revolutions depending on the distance which separates C from k, that is to say on
the extent to which the armature A is deflected by a greater or less force of current.
This movement of O is transmitted by the wheel and pinion c¹ to the counter Z
the index of which is so far advanced by it. The pin of the disc P after passing
the arm, which drops back, acts on the arm S raising Staking M out of gear
with L. The wheels K, J and sector H with the lever G, being no longer urged,
return to the position of rest as in Fig. 3 ready to be again acted on as described.
The wheels J and K are so shaped that the angular movement of L made during
the transit of k to C is proportional to the intensity of the current. Consequently at
each successive interval, say of 5 minutes, the counter is moved an amount pro-
portional to the intensity at the moment of movement, and as this is repeated at
regular intervals, the whole extent of movement in a given time represents
the quantity of electricity that has passed through the electro magnet coils in
that time.
The gear def g¹ h¹ (Fig. 6) drives the wheel M and the gear ¹ j₁ k¹ 11 m² moves
the flyer_w.
In the time movement worked from N the gear a³ ³ ³ ³ e²f works
the disc Phaving the pin ¹. The arm C being not rigidly fixed to A but pivotted
and pressed by the spring c can yield as it strikes k so that shock on G is deadened
even when the current is suddenly interrupted allowing A to fly back.
The integrator or counter Z resembles in its mechanism ordinary known counters.
The index marks ampere-hours up to 100 in one revolution, the openings y, shew
hundreds, thousands and tens of thousands. As shown in Fig. 1 the measurement
reads 14759.
The clockwork above described, like that described in my previous specification
above referred to, consists of two trains each worked by a spring wound up at
intervals such as 15 days. The winding may however be effected by the action of
the current. Fig. 8 is an elevation of an arrangement for this purpose, employing
an eccentric sector as in my former specification. In that specification I describe
how the two trains cause periodically the descent and the ascent of the toothed
sector H. One of these trains governed by an escapement, flyer or otherwise, gives
a time movement turning only the small cam K', say once every 5 minutes. On
the axis of K¹ is a wheel gearing with the escapement pinion and also a pinion

page_text: 7,
gearing with the wheel 11 on the ratchet toothed barrel J'. A spring pawl L'jointed to
the lever M, which is periodically raised by the armature Q of the electromagnet R'
moves the barrel J' winding up its spring. The coil of R' is connected by a wire to
one of the terminals for the local current, and by ẞ wire to the lever M which is
insulated from the frame X, with which are metallically connected the armature Q
and the two top screws n¹ n³. A spring U¹ which usually rests against n³ is insulated
from the frame and connected. by y wire to the other terminal for the local current.
Qbeing at rest, the weight M' gradually descends turning the barrel J' until M is
stopped by n' just before touching a pin Pt of the armature Q². The contact of M'
with n' closes the circuit of the coil R' through a 3, M³, n², the frame X, n² U¹ and
and Q is attracted raising M by the pin P₁ which on touching M' establishes again
its electrical connection to the frame X so that the circuit of R remains closed even
wlien M is separated from n'. By this movement the weight M² is raised and tho
pawl I takes lower teeth of the barrel J. But as Q2 is just reaching the extreme of
its upstroke, a non conducting piece on M' meets the spring U' pushing it away from
and thus breaking connection with y. R¹ thereupon becomes inert and Q2 drops,
but the weight M³ resumes it work of winding up J until the electrical action abovo
described is repeated, during the time when the spring in J' maintains movement of
the gear.
The arrangement and operation already described apply to the time train
which turns the cam K¹ at determined speed.
The second train which acts on the sector H might have winding gear like that
described, but it may be in great part dispensed with by applying an electro magnet El
and its armature D₁ to do the work. The coil of E¹ is connected to a wire and by
wire to an insulated metal rubber J. A second insulated rubber H³ is connected
to y wire. Both rubbers J and H2 bear on an ivory disc which revolves with Ki
and has on it a piece of metal which once in each revolution makes connection of J*
and H thus closing the circuit of E. The armature D' is thus raised allowing the
sector H to drop on the eccentric sector F¹. In its descent H turns the pinion Mª
working the counter Z to an extent which, as described in my former specification, is
rendered proportional to the intensity of current by the curvature of F¹. Immediately
after connection of the rubbers J and H2 the cam K³ continuing to turn raises the
lever N and throws M2 out of gear with H. Also the connection of J* and H³
ceasing, becomes inert and descends raising H to its stop P³, and, K' letting
N' drop, M becomes goared again with HL, and all remains at rest until K¹ completes
a succeeding revolution when the action is repeated. The counter Z being thus
moved at regular intervals to an extent in each case proportional to the current
intensity, indicates and registers the total quantity of electricity passed in a
given time.
Fig. 9 shews a modified arrangement of counter electrically wound, acting with
In this caso as before E is the
non-circular wheels J K like those in Fig. 3.
electro magnet for the current to be measured. and A the armature which is
deflected more to the left the more powerful the current. Y is a metal arm insulated
on the axis of A and pressed by a spring Y₁ against a pin y projecting from A,
so that Y is in electric connection with the whole mechanism. Instead of two trains
as before, there is only one driven by the spring in the ratchet toothed barrel O¹,
which spring works gear H³ K2 behind the frame and a train of clockwork governed
by escapement or otherwise. On the arbor of H³ which turns once in, say,
5 minutos, is fixed an ivory disc a³ having 15 commutator plates on which bear
rubbers insulated from the framing, connected with the coil of an electro-
magnet R and g³ with y wire. Once in every 20 seconds one of the commutator
plates connects g³ g³ closing the circuit of R' which attracts its armature Q raising
the loaded lever M' and its spring pawl L'. When the contact 9² 9³ ceases,
Qdescends leaving the weight M² free to descend and by means of the pawl Li
to wind up the spring in O¹, which thus by successive windings is made to maintain
the movement of the train. The counter, which is on the other side of the frame,
is worked through an arbor carrying the pinion in front of which is a wheel g²
connected through the non-circular gear K J to the toothed sector H. The tail of

page_text: this sector has a non-conducting pin 2¹. A pinion p², having on its arbor beyond it
another pinion p³ gearing with H³, can gear with both and q. The arbor of p³ is
pivottod in an arm W which rests on the armature V of an electromagnet ¹, so
that when V descends 22 gears with and 92. The coil of E' is connected to a
wire and also with the insulated stop and an insulated spring e', which every 5
minutes is touched by a metal pin which is in electrical connection with the
mechanism generally. The arun Y of the main armature A is connected with y wire of
the local circuit.
When no current passes through the coils of E, the armaturo A takes such a
position that Y rests against z¹ and a little away from y², the local circuit of the a
and wires being then open, E being inert and the pinion p² out of gear with 2
and 7. When a current excites E the armature A turns towards the left, Y comes
in contact with y², then on a touching the circuit a y is closed, the armature V is
attracted and the pinion p² comes into gear with and 9. The counter is driven
through and at the same time the sector H is raised. Although the contact of d³
and is only momentary, yet immediately on V descending it makes contact with 6³
maintaining the circuit of E'.
As H ascends approaches Y and finally on reaching it pushes it away from y
thus opening the local circuit, whereupon V rises ungearing p² from s and 72, and
the counter stops after having moved an amount depending on the deflection of A.
These operations are repeated at every revolution of H and the quantity of electricity
is, as before registered by the counter.
Mechanism like that shown in Fig. 9 may be applied as shewn in Fig. 10 when
the armaturo A of the electro magnet is differently arranged. It is supported by
a blade spring C₁ and has a very short stroke between two stops 13 E2, of which E
is insulated from the framing but connected to wire. The sector H is connected to
the armature A. by a spring V₁ adjustable by the nut V, the spring being also
adjustable by the nut K to the weight of A so that when E is inert A bears lightly
against Ds.
In this condition the local circuit a y is open and the counter is at rest.
But when a current excites E, A is attracted with more or less force by the poles XX
and touches E, and then whon d³ touches the operations previously described in
regard to Fig. 9, take place giving motion to the counter and raising the sector H.
the sector is raised it strains moro and more the spring V₁ until it separates A
from E³ thereby opening the circuit a y and releasing and so that the counter
stops and H falls back, the counter having registered an amount depending on the
extent to which the spring V₁ is strained and therefore proportional to the electric
intensity.
As
Instead of using the electro magnet E, a solenoid coil may be employed as shewn
in Fig. 11 at A to deflect an iron bar or magnet pivotted at and having a small
stroke between stops ee of which is insulated from the framing but connected to
the local circuit. Also a volute spring f³ may connect the axis of. H by a link to
the bar. The action might then be as described with reference to Fig. 10. In Fig. 11
however I have shewn mechanism which dispenses with the local circuit. a³ is a disc
driven from the time train, one revolution in say 5 minutes, and having a projecting
pin d³ which moves the levers Q and S in succession. S has an arm S carrying
the pivot of a pinion M whose arbor is geared to the second or counter train having
a flyer w. Mis connected through the non-circular gear K and J to the sector H..
The armature is connected by a light link u to a catch which can stop the
Hyer, which can also be stopped by the arm Qattached to Q. When the
solenoid A² is inert and H is resting on its stop the tension of the spring is
very slight and the armature is lightly held against et, holding up u³ so that stops
the flyer wo; the action of d cannot then start the counter and its pinion M.
when A is excited by a current, the armature is deflected withdrawing from the
flyer w, and when, at the due time interval de acts on Q, the flyer is quite released,
the counter train moves with its pinion M which raises H straining the spring f
until it overcomes the deflecting force acting on the armature, whereupon the catch v
again stops the flyer, and d acting on S and S¹ throws M out of gear with L
But

page_text: allowing the sector H to return and rest on v¹. Obviously the stroke thus made by H
is greater the greater the force applied to strain the spring f³, and the movement
conveyed to the counter through the non circular gear is proportional to the intensity
of the current. The position of H in Fig. 11 is supposed to be that when the flyer w
is being stopped by v. The armature pivotted at may be a magnet, in which case
the current has to traverse the coil of A³ in suitable direction, or it may be simply
a bar of soft iron, in which case the current can be in either direction. The stop
screws ee should be adjusted so that the end of the armature under et is a little
lower than that under e². The armature might moreover be a bar of copper
with a coil on each side of the pivot, forming parts of the local circuit.
Fig. 12 shews a mechanism similar to that shewn in Fig. 10 except that the winding
is continuously effected by an electric motor T' under the influence of a local current
led by ay wires to its terminals 88'. The local current may be that of a battery or
may be derived from the general circuit. The rotation of the armature S' is trans-
mitted by gear o' o² and worm o³ to the barrel O¹ which contains a spring, not fixed to
the barrel but held to it by friction. The barrel H³ rotating continuously may be
regulated by an escapement or by a flyer F worked from it by gear K2 and 3. When
great accuracy of time is not required a regulator may be dispensed with, and the
spring may be fixed to the barrel, the speed being determined by the electric motor,
which is sufficiently regular under constant potential. In other respects the apparatus
shewn by Fig. 12 operates as that described with reference to Fig. 10.
Fig. 13 shews another modification of the apparatus behind the plate X of the
counter. On a spindle D' of the counter mechanism is fixed a non-circular wheel and
arm carrying a pawl; also on the same spindle is loosely fitted a ratchet wheel
attached by a sleeve to a wheel (not shown) behind X which gears with one on the
spindle of the unit index of the counter. A pawl prevents back movement. of 13.
The non circular wheel on the counter spindle D¹ gears with another non circular
wheel having attached to it a pinion B* gearing with the sector H, and also a wheel G³
which through a worm drives the flyer 1. An electro magnet N has its armature O³
supported on a projection from H which is thus held in the position shewn when no
current passes, but when N2 is excited the armature 0 is raised and H is permitted to
make its stroke to the right urged by the spring W. In this movement H givos
motion to B2 and the flyer F and also to and the counter. The armature of the
electromagnet in descending stops the flyer F2 and consequently stops H. It is to
be understood that a suitable clockwork, which may be at a distance and is not shown
in Fig. 13, at regular intervals, say every 5 minutes, makes contact for a local
circuit in wires, not only for a single meter, but it may be for several meters at a
station.
The electro magnet N being thus excited, the sector H is released and moves
slowly being retarded by the Hyer F. When the pin touches Y, the electro
magnet Z' is excited and its armature stops the flyer F and the sector H when it has
moved a distance depending on the deflection of the armature A and its arm Y and
therofore on the intensity of the current which excites the main electro magnet E:
the counter receiving through the non circular gear the movement due to that of H,
is thus inade to register the intensity. When the current in E and wires is cut off
by the clockwork, the magnet N° and Z' become inert, the flyer is released, the
armature 0 of weight exceeding the force of the spring W brings back the sector H
which by its back stroke moves the flyer F' but not the counter, as the pawl * escapes
but holds the ratchet wheel 1. Instead of applying O³ to act directly on the sector H
may act through an intermediate lever.
it
Ε
The action of a local curront may also be applied to mechanisin arranged as shewn
in Fig. 14. Assuming that at regular intervals, such as every 5 minutes, a current
by wires and excites the electro magnet E¹ raising the armature D³ and allowing
the sector H to descend until its pin I rests on the eccentric sector F³, H by its
descent moves the pinion M³ which, being connected with the counter train by ratchet
and pawl gear like that shewn by in Fig. 13, causes the counter to register the
intensity of the current in E by which the position of F¹ is determined. When E'

page_text: becomes inert D2 descends raising H again but without working the counter which is
worked by ratchet gear from M. The ascent and descent of H may be moderated by
a flyer worked by M2. Instead of keeping M always in gear with H and working
the counter by ratchet and pawl gear from M³, a second electro magnet in series with Ei
may have its armature arranged to hold M' out of gear during the descent of H and
to push it into gear for the ascent of H. Such an electro magnet, instead of being in
series with E, may have its circuit closed by the contact of the pin I' with F' as in
the mechanism of Fig. 13 the magnet Z is excited on the contact of with Y.
In Fig. 14 are shewn two springs T U attached to a levor V; U is strained by a
screw Y so as to hold the lever against the stop until the intensity reaches a
certain degree, up to which limit T alone operatos as the spring acting against
deflection of the armaturo A. When the intensity exceeds this degree, the spring U
yields, both springs then acting together.
This arrangement of springs may be applied in the various forms of apparatus above
described, especially when non circular wheels are used, because it permits of the use
of wheels which do not greatly depart from the true circular form.
Instead of employing only two springs, three, four or more may be applied to
determine successive stages of intensity, thus Us, instead of being attached to a fixed
stop at Y may have attached to it a third spring with an adjusting screw, or with a
fourth spring attached to it and so on. And, instead of applying several springs in
this manner to a lever such as V3, they may be superposed as shown in Fig. 15 with
adjusting sleeves W2 and nuts on a central screwed spindle n³ to determine the
position of cach sleeve. An analogous arrangement is shewn in Figure 13 where
the end g of the volute spring D, instead of being held by a fixed stop is held by a
lover subject to a spring A' which does not begin to yield until the intensity
reaches a certain degree.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that. what 1
claim is :-
1. In an electrical counter or meter the combination of an electro magnet excited
by the current to be measured, a pivotted armature having an arm against which
is brought at regular time intervals a lover which by its movement works the
counter.
2. The combination of two clockwork trains the one determining the times of
release of the lever referred to in the preceding claim, the other giving motion to the
lever and the countor train.
3. In the gear connecting the lever with the counter train the use of non-circular
wheels of such contour that the movement given to the counter is proportional to the
intensity of the current which determines the stroke of the lever.
4. The counter determining the quantity of electricity expended in a given time
by totalising the intensities measured at regularly recurring intervals of time.
5. The combination, as shewn in Figs. 1 to 6 inclusive, of the lever G, the toothed
and weighted sector H on which it is pivotted, and which on disengagement of the
moving mechanism at regular time intervals is moved by a pinion of that mechanism
acting through non-circular gear.
6. The combination of the lever G having slot o, with the stop lever 9g' of the
counter.
7. The combination of the lever G and the stop pins ss' arranged and operating as
described.
8. The combination of the disc P moved by the time train and its pin with the
lever which releases the counter train and the lever S which disengages the counter
train permitting the lover G to return to its position of repose.
9. The automatic winding mechanism of the time train worked by the electric
current as shewn in Fig. 8.
10. The application of similar automatic winding mechanism for the counter
train.

page_text: 11. In combination with the toothed sector H and the eccentric sector F¹³,
electro magnet E' and its armature D³, as described with reference to Fig. 8.
the
12. The electrical winding mechanism for the counter train described with reference
to Fig. 9 wherein the spring barrel O¹ is turned step by step by the action of the
electro magnet R' excited at regular time intervals.
13. The electric counter mechanism described with reference to Fig. 9 including
the electro magnet E' and the arrangement of its armature to connect the counter
train through the non-circnlar gear with the toothed sector H.
14. The arrangement shown in Fig. 10 of armature A moving within narrow limits
with the spring V₁ connecting it to the sector H, in combination with the counter
mechanism.
15. The substitution of a solenoid for the magnet E as in Fig. 11.
16. The substitution of a magnet or a piece of soft iron or of a bobbin with coil of
fine wire excited by the local current, for the armature A Fig. 10.
17. The use of an electric motor as described with reference to Fig. 12 for winding
up the trains.
18. The arrangement described with reference to Fig. 13 wherein electrical contacts
made by clockwork at a distance determine the movements of the counter mechanism
at regular time intervals.
19. The arrangement described with reference to Fig. 14 wherein the armature of a
single electro magnet El permits descent of the toothed sector H, and raises it when
its pin 12 meets the eccentric sector F¹.
20. The combination shewn in Fig. 14, of the two springs UT and lever V³ so
adjusted that one alone acts against deflection of the armature A until the current
intensity reaches a certain degree.
21. The combination of several superposed springs separately adjustable substantially
as described with reference to Fig. 15.