Year: 1886

page_text: I JOHN GARRETT TONGUE of 34 Southampton Buildings Chancery Lane London
Member of the Institute of Patent Agents (a communication to me from abroad
by Adolf Brunner of Diessenhofen Switzerland Engineer) do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This Invention relates to an improved form and construction of rotary motive
power engine or steam turbine such motors being actuated by steam or other
expansive fluid pressure.
Steam motors known up to the present time are not generally adapted for use
for industrial purposes both on account of their costliness and on account of their
small number of revolutions. In the accompanying drawings a machine is repre-
sented which is designed to overcome the existing defects in such motors.
As the name "Steam Turbine " given to the motor implies, it is similar to the
engine or motor known until now by the name of "Turbine," it is not however
set in motion by the pressure or the current of water but by the elasticity of the .
steam (or of any other expansive fluid).
By the further use of steam the machine requires absolutely no distributing
regulator, it has no parts moving backwards and forwards and provides by this
as well as by its greater number of revolutions an exceedingly cheap construction
with greater durability so much the more that the guiding apparatus absolutely
necessary with a water turbine is not required.
In the drawings hereto annexed Figure I is a longitudinal section, Figure II a
transverse section and Figure III a plan of the machine with top or cover removed.
The cases a¹ a² consisting of two parts have the bearing 61 for the reception of
the end of the shaft formed in one length with the other plummer block b² on the
opposite side of the accumulator or steam chamber A.
The opening c¹ for the inlet of the steam is at the top of the accumulator or steam
chamber A and it be applied for regulating the machine for different purposes.
The turbine wheel B which encloses the forner is made steam tight as far as
possible and revolves round the accumulator or steam chamber A and is set in

page_text: motion by the steam (or other expansive fluid) which is discharged through the
cells formed by the blades or vanes on the turbine wheel. The turbine wheel is
placed on the machine shaft d which is supported at its ends by a conical bearing.
By adjusting the set screws e the wearing out of the bearing can be provided for
and the bearings properly adjusted. On the one end of the motor shaft d¹ is placed
the strap drum or pulley S designed for transmitting the power from the shaft-
while on the other end of same that for actuating the regulator can be fixed.
The regulating is accomplished advantageously by means of an outlet and
throttle valve by which the steam (or any other expansive fluid) passes through
the opening in the accumulator or chamber A and from here into the turbine wheel
which is thus put in rapid rotation in a direction contrary to that of the jet of
steam by the powerful reaction thereof by its passage through the cells so that
with a certain given speed the best effect is obtained from the steam or other fluid.
By this means the steam expands during its passage through the cells as in the
best expanding engines. The speed of the wheel and the relative speed of the outlet
are consequent upon the construction of the turbine.
The action of the turbine wheel can be carried out either completely.or partially
that is to say, the cells can be arranged on the whole circumference of the wheel
or only at various regular intervals. The operation at the commencement of the
reaction or the revolution of the turbine wheel determined by the construction
shown in the drawings is in this manner that the section of the separate wheel
cells on the inlet of the steam is considerably larger say 7 or 8 fold than the outlet
of the same.
The turbine makes with a diameter of the wheel of about 12 inch (at the steam
outlet) and of about 1 in. transverse section about 1,600 revolutions in a minute
which number can be kept when changing the diameter of the wheel within tolerably
wide limits.
As in ordinary steam engines this steam turbine can be built just as well in the
form of twin-motors to act as compound engines.
In consequence of their high number of revolutions which can vary froin 500
to 4000 and upwards a minute this machine can be specially applied to the driving
of electrical machinery it can however be used for any other suitable purpose.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. A steam turbine or rotary motor characterized by the construction of the
turbine wheel which wheel consists of a series of turbine cells through which the
steam passes from the inlet of the driving medium to the outlet whereby the action
of rotating the shaft is carried out substantially in the manner and for the purposes
herein before set forth and shown in the accompanying drawings.
2. The improved general arrangement and construction of steam or other expan-
sive fluid pressure rotary turbine engines or motors acting substantially in the
manner herein before described and represented in the accompanying drawings.
Dated
Lober 1000.
TONGUE & BIRKBECK,
34, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.