FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL, AND FOR A NEW MODE OF PRESERVING COAL, AND COKE, AND OTHER FUEL
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Walker Wood, of Briton Ferry, Glamorgan-
shire, Gentleman, for the Invention of "FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF FUEL, AND FOR A NEW MODE OF PRESERVING COAL, AND COKE,
AND OTHER FUEL."
Sealed the 16th January 1857, and dated the 5th August 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Walker Wood at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th August 1856.
I, HENRY WALKER WOOD, of Briton Ferry, Glamorganshire, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL, AND FOR A NEW MODE OF PRESERVING COAL, AND COKE,
AND OTHER FUEL," to be as follows:-
The Specification of my former Patent, bearing date the 7th day of De-
cember 1850, contains the following statement, which it is necessary to set
forth to explain my further improvements:-"The fuel to which my improve-
ments relate is of two kinds; one kind is made of coal mixed with some other
substance or substances, such as pitch, coal-tar, resin, or other pitchy, fatty, or
resinous substance or substances; the other kind is made of coke mixed with
the above-mentioned substance or substances. My improvements relate to the
time of heating the coal or coke used for the purpose of such admixture, that
is to say, in the case of fuel made of coal so mixed, my improvement consists

page_text: in making the coal hot before the other substance or substances so to be mixed
with it are applied to it. In the case of fuel made with coke so mixed, my
improvement consists in applying the other substance or substances to the coke
whilst the coke remains in a hot state after being made. The way in which
I manufacture fuel made of coal so mixed is as follows:-I take coal sufficiently
small for the purpose and make it quite hot; I then put it into a mixing
machine made with a spindle and arms like a common pug mill; I then add
such a proportion of pitch, coal, tar, resin, or other pitchy, fatty, or resinous
substance or substances as the purposes for which the fuel is wanted may
require, and when the whole is properly and intimately mixed, I press it off in
lumps of any size suitable for the purpose for which it may be needed. The
way in which I manufacture fuel made of coke so mixed is precisely similar to
the above mode of making fuel of coal so mixed, with this exception, that I use
the coke quite hot as it comes from the ovens, and after passing it through
rollers, if needed, in order to make it sufficiently small, I deal with it in the
manner above described." Now, my further improvement in the manufacture
of fuel is as follows, that is to say:-I follow the directions contained in the
before-mentioned Specification; but when the coal or coke is made hot, as
already described, I take care that the coal or coke is made perfectly dry as
well as hot, becauso I have ascertained that coal or coke may be made hot
without being also rendered perfectly dry.
With respect to my new mode of preserving coal, coke, and other fuel, I
have discovered that coal or coke in its ordinary state, and other fuel,
may be preserved from decomposition and deterioration by being enclosed
in a lump or block of either of the preparations or mixtures described in
my Specifications, and the way in which I so preserve coal, coke, or other
fuel, is as follows:-I place pieces of ordinary coals of any size, or pieces of
ordinary coke of any size, or pieces of any other fuel of any size, in
moulds, and carefully surround them with either of the preparations or mix-
tures which I have described in my Specifications. The lumps or blocks of
the preparation or mixture are then pressed off, according to the directions
contained in my former Specification; and if the lump or block, when so`
pressed off, contains within it pieces of coal, I call that "preserved .coal;'
it contains within it pieces of coke, I call that "preserved coke." The size
of the lumps or blocks may vary, according to the purpose for which they may.
be required. I have further discovered that blocks or pieces of ordinary coal
or coke, and other fuel, such as wood, charcoal, and similar substances, may in
like manner be preserved from decomposition and deterioration by being
covered with either of the preparations or mixtures described in my Specifica-

page_text: tions, or simply with pitch, coal-tar, resin, or other pitchy, fatty, resinous, or
other similar preparations or mixtures adapted for fuel which will exclude the
air and form a covering over the blocks or pieces of fuel intended to be pre-
served. These preparations or mixtures may be applied to the blocks or pieces
of fuel so intended to be preserved by immersing the blocks or pieces of fuel
in either of these preparations or mixtures whilst the same are in a fluid or
melted state; or the preparation or mixture, in such fluid or melted state, may
be applied to the blocks or pieces of fuel by means of an ordinary tar or other
similar brush.
I, therefore, now claim as my Invention the further improvement of
making coal or coke dry as well as hot before adding pitch, coal-tar, resin,
or other pitchy, fatty, or resinous substance or substances, as described in
my former Specification; and I also claim as my Invention the preservation
of coal, coke, and other fuel from decomposition and deterioration by enclosing
it in or covering it with the various preparations or mixtures which I have
herein-before particularly described. I do not claim the use of any particular
form of ovens or other apparatus for heating coal, or making coke, or rendoring
coal dry; nor do I claim any particular form of pugmill, presses, or rollers;
nor do I claim the exclusive use of any particular pitchy, fatty, or resinous
substance or substances for the purposes of the before-mentioned preparations
or mixtures.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Walker Wood in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
5th February 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
WALKER WOOD, of Briton Ferry, Glamorganshire, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Henry
Walker Wood, Her special licence that I, the said Henry Walker Wood, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry
Walker Wood, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel

page_text: Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF FUEL, AND FOR A NEW MODE OF PRESERVING COAL, AND COKE, AND
OTHER FUEL," upon the condition (amongst others) that 1, the said Henry
Walker Wood, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under his, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Walker Wood, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly-described and ascertained in and by the following
statement-
The Specification of my former Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of
December, One thousand eight hundred and fifty, contains the following state-
ment, which it is necessary to set forth to explain my further improvements:-
"The fuel to which my improvements relate is of two kinds; one kind is made
of coal mixed with some other substance or substances, such as pitch, coal tar,
resin, or other pitchy, fatty, or resinous substance or substances; the other
kind is made of coke mixed with the above-mentioned substance or substances.
My improvements relate to the time of heating the coal or coke used for the
purpose of such admixture, that is to say, in the case of fuel made of coal so
mixed, my improvement consists in making the coal hot before the other
substance or substances so to be mixed with it are applied to it. In the caso
of fuel made with coke so mixed, my improvement consists in applying the
other substance or. substances to the coke whilst the coke remains in a hot
state after being made. The way in which I manufacture fuel made of coal
so mixed is as follows:-I take coal sufficiently small for the purpose and make
it quite hot; I then put it into a mixing machine made with a spindle and
arms like a common pug-mill; I then add such a proportion of pitch, coal-tar,
resin, or other pitchy, fatty, or resinous substance or substances as the purposes
for which the fuel is wanted may require; and when the whole is properly and
intimately mixed, I press it off in lumps of any size suitable for the purpose
for which it may be needed. The way in which manufacture fuel made of
coke so mixed is precisely similar to the above mode of making fuel of coal so
mixed, with this exception, that I use the coke quite hot as it comes from the
ovens, and after passing it through rollers, if needed, in order to make it
sufficiently small, I deal with it in the manner above described." Now, my
further improvement in the manufacture of fuel is as follows, that is to say:-

page_text: lump or
I follow the directions contained in the before-mentioned Specification, but
when the coal or coke is made hot, as already described, I take care that the
coal or coke is made perfectly dry as well as hot, because I have ascertained
that coal or coke may be made hot without being also rendered perfectly dry.
With respect to my new mode of preserving coal, coke, and other fuel, I have
discovered that coal or coke in its ordinary state, and other fuel, may be pre-
served from decomposition and deterioration by being enclosed in
block of either of the preparations or mixtures described in my Specifications;
and the way in which I so preserve coal, coke, or other fuel is as follows:-
I place pieces of ordinary coals of any size, or pieces of ordinary coke of any
size, or pieces of any other fuel of any size, in moulds, and carefully surround
them with either of the preparations or mixtures which I have described in my
Specifications. The lumps or blocks of the preparation or mixture are then
pressed off, according to the directions contained in my former Specification,
and if the lump or block, when so pressed off, contains within it pieces of coal,
I call that "preserved coal;" if it contains within it pieces of coke, I call that
preserved coke." The size of the lumps or blocks may vary according
the purpose for which they may be required. I have further discovered that
blocks or pieces of ordinary coal or coke, and other fuel, such as wood,
charcoal, and similar substances, may in like manner be.preserved from decom-
position and deterioration by being covered with either of the preparations or
mixtures described in my Specifications, or simply with pitch, coal-tar, resin,
or other pitchy, fatty, resinous, or other similar preparations or mixtures.
adapted for fuel, which will exclude the air and form a covering over the
blocks or pieces of fuel intended to be preserved. These preparations or
mixtures may be applied to the blocks or pieces of fuel so intended to be pre-
served by immersing the blocks or pieces of fuel in either of these preparations
or mixtures whilst the same are in a fluid or melted state; or the preparation
or mixture, in such fluid or melted state, may be applied to the blocks or
pieces of fuel by means of an ordinary tar or other similar brush.
I, therefore, now claim as my Invention the further improvement of making
coal or coke dry as well as hot before adding pitch, coal tar, resin, or other
pitchy, fatty, or resinous substance or substances, as described in my former
Specification; and I also claim as my Invention the preservation of coal, coke,
and other fuel from decomposition and deterioration by enclosing it in or
covering it with the various preparations or mixtures which I have herein-
before particularly described. I do not claim the use of any particular form of
ovens or other apparatus for heating coal, or making coke, or rendering coal

page_text: dry; nor do I claim any particular form of pug mill, presses, or rollers; nor
do I claim the exclusive use of any particular pitchy, fatty, or resinous sub-
.stance or substances for the purposes of the before-mentioned preparations or
. . mixtures.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Walker Wood, bath hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Fifth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
HENRY WALKER WOOD. (L.S.)