Improvements in or applicable to Looms for Weaving Tufted Pile Fabrics.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Dec., 1893
Complete Specification Left,- 12th Sept., 1894-Accepted, 13th Oct., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or applicable to Looms for Weaving Tufted
Pile Fabrics.
We, GIULIO MARCHETTI and HENRY NORMAN MELLOR, both of Dean
Clough Mills, Halifax, in the County of York, Carpet Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
This invention relates to that class of looms for weaving tufted pile fabrics in
which the yarn-carriers are connected to Jacquard mechanism so that at each action
thereof the yarn-carriers are lifted the varying distances required to bring the
proper yarns in line with the grippers according to the pattern to be produced, and
our invention comprises improvements in the vertical connecting wires; in the
yarn-carriers; in means for maintaining the position of the double dents of the
reed; in the vertical lifting wires and in what we term a grate in connection
therewith, and in the construction of the selecting needles, all as more particularly
hereinafter described.
Our improvements in the vertical connecting wires consist in making them
adjustable so that the length of the connection between the Jacquard mechanism
and the yarn-carriers can be regulated as required.
A suitable arrangement for carrying this into effect consists in making the
connecting wire in two parts united together by a coupling which we term an
adjuster," and consisting of two tubes one of which is adapted to screw into the
other. The upper end of one portion of the wire is connected to the lever or other
portion of the Jacquard mechanism used for lifting the yarn-carriers while the lower
end of the other portion of the wire is connected to the yarn-carrier. The other
end of each portion of the wire is provided with a spherical or other suitably shaped
head which can slide freely in the coupling; the parts of the wire are respectively
passed through the two parts of the tubular coupling the outer ends of which are
nearly closed, that is to say, only a small hole is left therein of sufficient size to
allow the wire to pass freely through but not the head thereof.
By the use of this coupling it will be obvious that the length of the connecting
wire may be regulated according to the position to which the coupling is adjusted,
a lock nut being provided to keep the parts of the coupling in the position to which
they have been adjusted.
When it is desired to place our adjusting coupling upon the wires without
detaching the wires from the yarn-carriers or the Jacquard mechanism, we provide
cach part of the coupling with a longitudinal slot of just sufficient size to allow the
wire to pass, the slot being enlarged at the inner end so as to allow the head of the
wire to pass. In some cases it may be advantageous to flatten one portion of
the wires and it is then only necessary to form the said slots of sufficient width to
allow the flattened parts of the wire to pass.
In order to prevent any bagging or deviation of the wires from a straight line
when the yarn-carriers are brought to correct "register" we make our adjuster
of such a length that the heads of the two parts of the wire do not come into
contact.
Our improvements in yarn-carriers consist in making the two sides solid with the
object of protecting the yarn from injury by friction and at the same time provide
a large unbroken bearing surface between the carriers.
We fix the springs of the yarn-carriers in one division of the yarn holes by means
of screws and on one of each division of the yarn holes or channels we provide a

page_text: channel of suitable width to retain one portion of a spring. By this arrangement
we simplify the attachment of such springs, which have generally been hitherto
fixed by brazing or soldering, thereby avoiding the danger of injuring the temper
of the springs which frequently results from the brazing operations and also render
it more easy to change the springs when they become damaged or for any other
reason without it being necessary to remove the yarn-carriers. The springs may,
however, be attached to the division of the yarn holes by brazing or soldering in the
said channel but in all cases the said channel will prevent the springs having
lateral movement.
We form the lower extremity of the yarn-carriers in the form of a V and provide
a rack of suitable pitch and shape to receive the V-shaped ends of the yarn-carriers
when they are in their lowest position so that those yarn-carriers which are not
lifted by the action of the Jacquard mechanism will be held in position by the said
jack, and help to steady and keep in their proper direction the remaining yarn-
carriers during their upward and downward movements.
In order to maintain the position of the double dents of the reed we find it
advantageous to mount them in what we term a "dent case "which enables us to
dispense with loose packings between the dents.
For this purpose we place in a trough forming part of the lathe bottom carrying
the shuttle-race a case of rectangular channel or other suitable form and of brass or
other suitable material in which we cut slots or grooves of equal depth at the
required distances and of suitable size to allow the dents to enter at equal distances
throughout the greater portion of their base. In order to maintain the dents in
their position we clamp by means of screws the "dent case" in such a position that
those portions of the bases of the dents which have not entered the slots in the
"dent case" come in contact with the machined side of the trough forming part of
the lathe bottom and their bases are thus firmly held between the "dent case" and
the machined side of the trough forming part of the lathe bottom and thereby
maintained in their position. In some cases we insert a plate between the ends of
the screws and the "dent case" which plate protects the "dent case
"from injury
by the points of the screws.
Our improvements in the vertical lifting wires have for object to give them
greater strength, stability, accuracy and freedom in working. For this purpose
instead of forming the end of the turned-up portion of the lifting wire (forming the
loop or slot) into a hook to engage with a rod as has hitherto been generally done
we secure the end of the turned up portion of the wire to the main body of the wire
by brazing or otherwise, the end of the turned-up portion of the wire being
advantageously turned back upon itself so as to obtain greater strength the
turned back portion of the end of the wire forming a bearing adapted to rest upon
the grate and thus reduce the strain upon the brazing.
Although we have described the upper end of the loop or slot as being secured
by brazing to the main. body of the wire it will be obvious that the upper
extremity of the loop may be secured by rivetting or in any other suitable
manner.
In combination with our improved lifting wires we employ an improved grate
which may be formed of strips of iron or other suitable material mounted upon a
frame at suitable equal distances apart and provided with holes to receive what we
term grate wires which are passed through the slots or loops of the vertical wires
and form bearings for the upper extremities of the slots or loops of the said lifting
wires. The upper end of each lifting wire is provided as usual with a hook to
engage with the lifting grid and the grate wire is arranged to be parallel with the
said look, such hook being kept in its proper direction by means of the grate wire
which passes through its slot or loop and by the sides of the strips of the grate
between which it passes. This arrangement of lifting wires and grate allows the
same to pass up and down with great freedom, the hook at the same time being
maintained in its proper direction with greater accuracy than has hitherto buen the
case, and the securing of the upper extremity of the loop by brazing it to the main

page_text: body of the wire as herein before described ens:ires a more accurate and positive
lift than is the case where the two portions of the lifting wire are detached.
By constructing the strips of the grate in channel form we obtain a considerable
bearing for our grate wires by perforating two sides of the channel without
the necessity of the long perforations which would be required if solid strips were
employed.
Our improvements in horizontal selecting needles have for object to avoid the
necessity of removing the said needles from the Jacquard machine when it is desired
to insert a lifting needle in or withdraw a lifting needle from the eye of a horizontal
selecting needle. For this purpose we construct the said eye spirally, that is to say,
of such form that the hook of the lifting needle can be placed upon the selecting
needle and can be introduced into the eye by turning the lifting needle so as
to follow the curve of the eye until the lifting needle can pass freely up and down
through the eye.
Whilst the lifting needle is in its position for work it is impossible for it to come
out of the eye.
D
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or applicable to Looms for Weaving Tufted
Pile Fabrics.
"
We, GIULIO MARCHETTI and HENRY NORMAN MELLOR, both of Dean
Clough Mills, Halifax, in the County of York, Carpet Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to that class of looms for weaving tufted pile fabrics in
which the yarn-carriers are connected to Jacquard mechanism so that at each action
thereof the yarn-carriers are lifted the varying distances required to bring the
proper yarns in line with the grippers according to the pattern to be produced, and
our invention comprises improvements in the vertical connecting wires; in the
yarn-carriers; in means for maintaining the position of the double dents of the
reed; in the vertical lifting wires and in what we term a grate in connection
therewith, and in the construction of the selecting needles, all as more particularly
hereinafter described, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Our improvements in the vertical connecting wires consist in making them
adjustable so that the length of the connection between the Jacquard mechanism
and the yarn-carriers can be regulated as required.
A suitable arrangement for carrying this into effect consists in making the
connecting wire in two parts united together by a coupling which we term an
"adjuster." Such an arrangement is shewn in elevation and vertical section in
Figures 1 and 2 respectively of the accompanying drawings.
a and b respresent the two parts of the wire and A. the adjuster consisting of
two tubes c, d, the former c being adapted to screw into the latter d. The upper
end of the part a of the wire is, connected to the lever or other portion of the
Jacquard mechanism used for lifting the yarn-carriers (not shewn in the drawings).
while the lower end of the part 6 of the wire is connected to the yarn-carrier (not
shewn in the drawings). The other end of each part of the wire is provided with
a spherical or other suitably shaped head e which can slide freely in the coupling.
The part a of the wire is passed through the tube c and the part b through the-
tube d of the coupling the outer ends of which, as clearly shewn in Figure 2, are

page_text: nearly closed, that is to say, only a small hole is left therein of sufficient size to
allow the wire to pass freely through but not the head e thereof.
By the use of this coupling it will be obvious that the length of the connecting
wire may be regulated according to the position to which the coupling is adjusted,
a lock-nut being provided to keep the parts of the coupling in the position to
which they have been adjusted.
When it is desired to employ our adjusting coupling for connecting the two
parts a, b of a wire without detaching the wires from the yarn-carriers or the
Jacquard mechanism, we provide each part of the coupling with a longitudinal
slot g, as shewn in Figures 3 and 4 which are respectively an elevation and a
sectional elevation at right angles to Figure 3 of this arrangement, the said slot
being of just sufficient size to allow the wire to pass. The slots g may be enlarged
at the inner end as shewn at g' in connection with the tube d so as to allow the
head e of the wire to pass; or they may be cut the whole length of each tube as
shewn in connection with the tube c at Figure 5 which is a detached view of the
said tube. In some cases it may be advantageous to flatten one portion of the
wires a, b, as indicated at a', ' in Figure 6 which is a similar view to Figure 3,
and it is then only necessary to form the slots g, g of sufficient width to allow the
flattened parts of the wire to pass. Figure 7 is a section of the tube d taken at right
angles to that shewn in Figure 6 and indicating the manner in which the tube d can
be removed from the part 6 of a wire, the tube being first lowered into the position
indicated by the full lines so as to bring the slot g opposite the flattened portion 61
of the wire. The tube is then inclined so that the slot g will pass over the flattened
portion of the wire, as shewn by the dotted lines until the enlargement g¹
encircles the wire, when the tube can be withdrawn from the wire by moving it in
the direction of the arrow. It will be obvious that the tube c can be removed
from the part a of the wire in a similar manner.
In order to prevent any bagging or deviation of the wires from a straight line
when the yarn-carriers are brought to correct "register" we make each of our
adjusters of such a length that the heads of the two parts a, b of the wire (as
shewn in Figures 2 and 4) do not come into contact.
In some cases, that is to say, when the wires are not formed in two parts we form
the upper portion c of the adjuster with an opening of sufficient length to pass freely
onto the lifting lever, the said opening being formed as a slot or as a channel,
groove or saw-cut h, as indicated in Figure 8, closed at its upper extremity by
means of a screw, peg or pin 1. The metal at the upper end of the slot or the
screw peg, or pin substituted therefor engages with the lifting lever i in a notch
or recess as indicated in Figure 9 which maintains the "adjuster" in its required
position. In the said figure the notch or recess i¹ is formed at the outer end of the
lever i, the opening in the adjuster being only of sufficient size to pass over the
tongue of metal; forming one side of the said notch or recess; but in some cases
the opening is made sufficiently long to enable it to pass over any portion of the
lever i and engage with notches in any required position therein.
Our improvements in yarn-carriers consist in making the two sides solid with the
object of protecting the yarn from injury by friction and at the same time providing
a large unbroken bearing-surface between the carriers.
These improvements are illustrated in sectional side elevation and in rear
elevation in Figures 10 and 11 and in Figure 12 which is a section on the
line 12-12 of Figure 10.
According to our improvements we fix the springs of the yarn-carriers k to each
division m between the yarn holes m', m² by means of screws or pins and, at the
back of each division m, we provide a channel to receive and retain the portion
of the spring fixed by the screw 1. By this arrangement we simplify the
attachment of such springs which hitherto have generally been fixed by brazing or
soldering, thereby avoiding the danger of injuring the temper of the springs which
frequently results from the brazing operations and also render it more easy to
change the springs when they become damaged or for any other reason without it

page_text: being necessary to remove the yarn-carriers from the loom. The springs may,
however, be attached to the divisions m, m by brazing or soldering in the channel
but in all cases the said channel will prevent the springs having lateral movement.
We sometimes arrange the pins between the sides of the yarn-carriers as
shewn in Figures 13 and 14 which are respectively a vertical section and a front
elevation of the yarn-carrier, the detachable springs being bent into the shape
shewn so that they can be passed without injury to the springs or removal of the
pins into the carrier to engage or clip the said pins, one portion of the said springs
bearing beneath the divisions m, m which may take the form shewn, the other
portion of the said springs compressing the yarn between itself and the upper
portion of the divisions m, m. The springs bent into the shape shewn can also
be removed from the yarn-carriers without removing the pins or injuring the
springs.
We form the lower extremity of the yarn-carriers in the form of a V, as shewn
at Figure 11, and we provide a rack n of suitable pitch and shape to receive the
V-shaped ends of the yarn-carriers when they are in their lowest position so that
those yarn-carriers which are not lifted by the action of the Jacquard mechanism
will be held in position by the said rack n and help to steady and keep in their
proper direction the remaining yarn-carriers during their upward and downward
movements.
In order to maintain the position of the double_dents of the reed we find it.
advantageous to mount them in what we term a "dent case
"which enables us to
dispense with loose packings between the dents. This arrangement is illustrated in
Figures 15 and 16, Figure 15 being a plan, and Figure 16 a section on the line 16-16
of Figure 15.
For this purpose we place in a trough forming part of the lathe bottom o carrying
the shuttle-race a case p shewn detached in plan and vertical section in Figures 17
and 18 respectively, the said case being of rectangular channel or other suitable
form and of brass or other suitable material. In the said case p we cut slots or
grooves p' of equal depth at the required distances apart for the reception of the
dents 7, 9, such depth being less than the width of the dents so that when the latter
are placed in the said slots they project slightly beyond the side of the case. In
order to maintain the dents in their position we clamp by means of screws q¹ the
"dent case "p in the trough forming part of the lathe bottom o so that the portions
of the dents which project beyond the side of the dent case p come in contact with
one side o' of the trough forming part of the lathe bottom o, which side is machined
for the purpose, the bases of the dents thus being firmly held between the ends of
the slots pl in the "dent case "and the machined side o' of the trough forming part
of the lathe bottom o. In some cases we insert a plater between the ends of the
screws q' and the "dent case "
p so as to protect the "dent case from injury by
the points of the said screws.
Our improvements in the vertical lifting wires are illustrated in Figures 19 to 26
of the drawings and have for object to give them greater strength, stability,
accuracy and freedom in working than usual. For this purpose, instead of forming
the end of the turned-up portion of the lifting wire (forming the loop or slot) into a
hook to engage with a rod or wire of the grate as has hitherto been generally done,
we secure the ends of the turned up portion s¹ of the wire to the main body s² of
the lifting wire by brazing or otherwise, as shewn in Figure 19, the ends of the
turned-up portions being advantageously turned back upon itself as shewn so as to
obtain greater strength, the said turned back portion forming a bearing adapted to
rest upon the grate and thus reduce the strain upon the joint.
Although we have described the upper end of the loop or slot as being
secured by brazing to the main body of the lifting wire, it will be obvious that
the upper extremity of the said loop may be secured by rivetting, as shewn in
Figure 20, or in any other suitable manner such as by bending the end of the loop ¹
around the main body of the wire, as shewn in elevation and plan respectively in
Figures 21 and 22; by means of a ring t as shewn in elevation and plan in

page_text: Figures 23 and 24; or the loop & may be formed as a separate piece the ends of
which are brazed to the main body of the lifting wire as shewn by Figures 25
and 26 which are respectively elevations of this arrangement at right angles to one
another.
In combination with our improved lifting wires we employ an improved grate
shewn in part plan in Figure 27 and in section in Figure 28, the said section being
taken on the line 28-28 of Figure 27. The grate is formed of strips of iron u or
other suitable material mounted upon a frame u' at suitable equal distances apart
and provided with holes to receive what we term grate wires which are passed
through the slots or loops of the vertical lifting wires and form bearings for the
upper extremities of the slots or loops s' of the said lifting wires, as shewn clearly
in Figure 28. The upper end of each lifting wire is provided as usual with a
hook to engage with the lifting grid and the grate wire is arranged to be
parallel with the said hook, such hook being kept in its proper direction by means
of the said grate wire which passes through its slot or loop s' and by the sides of
the strips u of the grate between which the said loop passes. This arrangement of
lifting wires and grate allows the lifting wires to pass up and down with great
freedom, each hooks at the same time being maintained in its proper direction
with greater accuracy than has hitherto been the case, and the securing of the upper
extremity of the loop by brazing or otherwise fixing it to the main body of the wire
as hereinbefore described ensures a more accurate and positive lift than is the case
where the two portions of the lifting wire are detached.
By constructing the strips of the grate in channel form as shewn we obtain a
considerable bearing for our grate wires u³ by perforating the two sides of the
channel without the necessity of the long perforations which would be required if
solid strips were employed.
Our improvements in horizontal selecting needles are illustrated in side view and
plan in Figures 29 and 30 respectively and have for object to avoid the necessity
of removing the said needles from the Jacquard machine when it is desired to insert
a lifting needle in or withdraw a lifting needle from the eye of a horizontal selecting
needle. For this purpose we construct the eye of the needle spirally in such a
manner that the two straight portions v', 2 of the selecting needle are not in
contact thus providing a space to between them so that if the hooks of the lifting
needle be placed upon the portion of the selecting needle, as indicated by the
full lines in Figure 30, it can be introduced into the eye v by moving the hook
through the space r and turning it as indicated by the dotted lines a so as to follow
the curve of the eye until the said lifting needle can pass freely up and down
through the eye as indicated by the dotted lines y.
Although the lifting needle is adapted to be engaged with the eye of the
selecting needle as described it is impossible for it to come out of the eye when in
position for work.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:—
1. In loons for weaving tufted pile fabrics n:aking the connecting wires
adjustable by forming them in two parts connected together by means of an
adjuster or coupling.
2. The use in looms for weaving tufted pile fabrics of adjusting couplings for
connecting together the connecting wires when inace in two parts substantially
as hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 1 to 7 of the accompanying
drawings.
3. The modified construction of adjuster in combination with a notch, such as i in
the lifting lever, substantially as described and illustrated in Figures 8 and 9 of the
accompanying drawings.
4. The improved yarn-carriers constructed and arranged as hereinbefore described
and illustrated in Figures 10 to 14 of the accompanying drawings.

page_text: 5. The use of detachable springs in yarn-carriers in the manner and for the
purpose substantially as described.
6. In looms for weaving tufted pilo fabrics a dent case constructed and arranged
as described and illustrated in Figures 15 to 18 of the accompanying drawings,
whereby a loose packing between the dents is dispensed with.
7. In lifting wires employed in looms connecting the turned-up portion of the
wire forming the loop to the main body of the same substantially in the manner
and for the purpose specified and as illustrated in Figures 19 to 24 of the
accompanying drawings.
8. The modified construction of lifting wire as illustrated in Figures 25 and 26
of the accompanying drawings.
9. In looms the improved grate constructed as hereinbefore described and
illustrated in Figures 27 and 28 of the accompanying drawings.
10. A selecting needle for use in looms having an eye formed as, and for the
purpose, herein before described and illustrated in Figures 29 and 30 of the
accompanying drawings.
Dated the 12th day of Santember 1904
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicants.