IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN PARTS CON- NECTED WITH FIRE PLACES OR GRATES AND STOVES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Livermore Shorland of Manchester in the County
of Lancaster for an invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN PARTS CON-
NECTED WITH FIRE PLACES OR GRATES AND STOVES
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Livermore Shorland
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st April 1882.
GEORGE LIVERMORE SHORLAND of Manchester in the County of Lancaster
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN PARTS CONNECTED WITЛI FIRE PLACES OR GRATES
AND STOVES"
My Invention relates to domestic fire grates or stoves and to the grates or fire
places employed in the warming of air in buildings and has for it's objects to
prevent or lessen the production of smoke and to promote economy in the con-
sumption of fuel. Behind the front bars of the grate I fix a box or chamber for
warming air the said box forming the apparent back of the grate. Below this box
is a space which leads into a back flue which is behind the box and in front of
the box is a second flue both flues being provided with dampers or regulating doors
or valves. The said box is or may be made of cast iron or fire clay and is provided
with a central inlet pipe which conveys air from a conduit which communicates
with the outer air or air is otherwise conveyed into the box. A pipe or pipes
is or are connected with the upper end of the box and the warm air is thereby
delivered into the room or is conveyed into another part of the building. The
back flue is or may be divided by means of a diaphragm or of two or more
partitions which may form part of the air warming surface. The depth of the
grate from the front bars to the said box is preferably less than in ordinary grates.
When the fire has "burnt up" after being lit the front damper can be closed or
partly closed and the back damper be opened. The gases from the fuel will then
017

page_text: have to pass downwards through the incandescent fuel in the lower part of the
grate whereby a hot smokeless fire is obtained and as the fire burns downwards
the fuel is not consuined so rapidly as in ordinary grates. The warming box being
exposed to the fire at the front, back and bottom, is more efficient as an air warmer
than an ordinary hollow grate back. In some cases I take the front flue through
the warming box especially in the cases of projecting grates or open stoves and
in some cases I apply an additional warming chamber or box behind the back flue.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said George Livermore Shorland in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 27th September 1882.
GEORGE LIVERMORE SHORLAND of Manchester in the County of Lancaster
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN PARTS CONNECTED WITH FIRE PLACES OR GRATES
AND STOVES
"
My Invention relates to domestic fire grates or stoves and to the grates or fire
places employed in the warming of air in buildings and has for its object to
prevent or lessen the production of smoke and to promote economy in the
consumption of fuel. Behind the front bars of the grate. I fix a box or chamber for
warming air the said box forming the apparent back of the grate. Below the box
is a space which leads into a back flue which is behind the box and in front of the
box is a second flue both flues being provided with dampers or regulating doors or
valves. The said box is provided with an inlet pipe which conveys air from a
conduit which communicates with the outer air, or air is otherwise conveyed into
the box. A pipe or pipes is or are connected with the upper end of the box and
the warm air is thereby delivered into the room or is conveyed into another part
of the building. When the fire has "burnt up after being lit the front damper
can be closed or partly closed and the back damper be opened. The gases from
the fuel will then have to pass downwards through the incandescent fuel in the
lower part of the grate whereby a hot smokeless fire is obtained and as the fire
burns downwards the fuel is not consumed so rapidly as in ordinary grates. The
warming box being exposed to the fire at the front, back and bottom, is more
efficient as an air warmer than an ordinary hollow grate back. In some cases I
apply an additional warming chamber or box behind the back flue.
33
In order that my Invention may be fully understood I have attached hereunto
a sheet of drawings marked with letters of reference. In the said drawings
Fig 1 represents a vertical section of one of my improved fire places the section
being taken on a plane at right angles to Fig: 3 which regresents a front elevation
of the fire place. Fig: 2 illustrates a modification in the air warming apparatus
Fig 5 being a horizontal section on the line A in Fig 2. In Figs 1 and 3 a iş a

page_text: "
fire grate which is furnished with a close bottom a¹ and with a back a these parts
being made of cast iron or of fire clay or other suitable material. Behind the said
grate is fixed an air warming box b. A vertical section of this box taken at right
angles to Fig: 1 is represented by Fig: 4. The said box is made of cast iron or
fire-clay or of suitable material. When made of cast iron it may be conveniently
made in two parts one part being cast with a vertical partition c and with hori-
zontal shelves & which compel air flowing through the box to take a circuitous
course as indicated by the arrows, the other part closing the back or front of the
box as the case may be; or the said shelves may be partly on one part and partly
on the other. The partition c divides the box into two chambers into which air
is conveyed by means of a pipe e which may extend through the back wall f of
the fire place and communicate with the atmosphere outside the building. From
the upper ends of the two chambers, air is conveyed by means of two pipes g, g
which convey the air to any desired part of the room in which the fire place is
situated or to another part of the building or one pipe may open into the said
room and the other pipe may be extended into a separate room as for example
into a room above the room in which the fire place is situated. Behind the said
box is formed a back flue hand at the front and at the upper part of the grate is
formed a front fluo i both flues leading into the ordinary chimney or uptake k.
Upon a spindle which can be rotated from the front of the fire place are mounted
or formed two dampers m and n which are arranged at right angles to each other
so that when the spindle is in the position indicated in the drawings the damper m
is vertical and leaves the passage through the flue i open, the other damper being
in a horizontal position and closing the flue h. By turning the spindle the front
flue can be closed and the back flue be opened or both flues may be opened either
to an equal extent or to different extents as may be desirable.
It is not necessary
that the dampers should exactly fit the flue passages so as to entirely close them.
When the flue i is open and the flue / closed the fire burns upwards and the smoke
and gaseous products pass upwards into the chimney as is usual. When the
spindle is turned so as to close the flue i completely or partly the gaseous products
pass entirely or partly through the openings in the back of the grate and flow in
the direction indicated by the arrow through the back flue h. Whenever desired
the spindle may be turned so as to permit part of the gases to flow upwards and
part to flow into the back flue. I prefer to divide the back flue by means of a
partition j. It will be seen that both the back and the front of the box bare
exposed to the heat and that the air flowing through the said box will be warmed
by contact with the heated plates and by flowing through the heated conduit
pipes. To increase the warning effect I may cast or form "gills" on the back and
front plates of the box in addition to the shelves d. I may dispense with the
perforated back a² and extend the bottom a' below the box b and I may admit air
by means of two separate inlet pipes or I may dispense with the partition c and
convey away the warmed air by means of one pipe only or a "breeches" pipe may
convey the warmed air from the two chambers into one pipe. Separate sliding
dampers or dampers otherwise arranged to have independant action
substituted for the two dampers on a spindle which is common to both as in the
may be
example. In some cases the front flue may pass through the upper part of the
box b to the back flue. In Figs 2 and 5 a second air warining box o is added and
the back flue passes upwards between the two boxes thus increasing the air
warming surface. In the example the back box o is formed without a central
partition but this may be varied. The heated gases flow downwards through the
bottom of the fire grate instead of through the back but I do not confine myself
to this. In addition to the advantage arising from the warming of the air by
means of the boxes and conduit pipes a further economy of fuel is obtained by
causing the fire to burn downwards to a greater or lesser extent whereby the
consumption of fuel is more under control and the production of smoke is lessened
or prevented.

page_text: Having now fully set forth and indicated the nature of my Invention and the
manner in which I carry the same into practical effect I would have it to be
understood that I claim
First the fire place or air warming apparatus substantially as set forth and
indicated herein before and in and by the accompanying drawings
Secondly a fire grate in combination with an air warming box or chamber band
having front and back flues fitted with dampers so that the whole or part of the
gaseous products can be drawn through the fire into the back flue substantially as
set forth and indicated.
And lastly the combination of a fire grate with two air warming boxes or
-chambers and the provision of two flues provided with dampers so that the whole
or part of the gaseous products can be drawn into the back flue between the two
boxes or chambers substantially as set forth and indicated.
In witness whereof I the said George Livermore Shorland have hereunto set
my hand and seal this twenty-fifth day of September in the year of our
Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty-two
GEORGE LIVERMORE SHORLAND (L.S.)
Signed Sealed and Delivered
in the presence of
EDWARD K. DUTTON
41 John Dalton St.,
Manchester,
(Agent for the Patentee)