aratus Connected therewith.
Year: 1884

page_text: Apparatus Connected therewith.
I WILLIAM BUCKWELL of Ancona in the Kingdom of Italy, Civil Engineer do
hereby declare the nature of the said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BORING
ARTESIAN AND OTHER WELLS AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in boring artesian and other wells and
apparatus connected therewith and the invention consists in providing means for
continuous boring, and continuous transport of the products of the boring, the
object of the invention being to effect an economy in the cost of boring in well
sinking by continuous progress, and transport.
In carrying out the invention when boring wells other than artesian wells the
lining is always made direct and uniform externally and the lengths of the same
aro jointed and connected so as to be of an uniform strength in order to make any
length of lining as if it were only one long piece, tube or pipe, the jointing or
holding together being effected internally.
For lining tubes of small diameter they are screw jointed together by doubling
the thickness internally and when required to be water tight a small ring of rubber
or plastic or setting cement is placed around the same at the shoulder of the male
screw and a similar ring may also be employed at the shoulder of the female screw
for the end of the male screw to rest on.
But for screw jointing together large tubes or pipes it is preferred to use an
internal hoop or ring nut increasing the thickness for internally socketing the end
of one tube to the spigot of the other tube; the top of the spigot is provided with
three indents corresponding with three similar indents in the internal collar of the
socket the top of which cullar is turned to receive the shoulder of the hoop nut;
the angle of the shoulder of the nut has a rubber ring as also has the shoulder of the
spigot. The hoop nut is threaded to screw into the spigot end of the pipe passing
the internal collar of the socket. This nut should be provided with internal vertical
and horizontal chases two passing to the right hand and the other two to the left
hand. The nut can be easily held and applied and screwed home by a spanner
having two lugs with studs thereon; when the nut is screwed home the spanner
can be easily withdrawn by turning it back so that the studs can come up out
of the vertical chases.

page_text: To unscrew the nut the lugs of the spanner are applied to the other two chases
and the act of unscrewing the nut brings the studs under the shoulder of the
chases and when unscrewed the nut can be easily lifted out. The advantages of
this joint are that the screwed connection is not affected by turning the tubes in
either direction and as the tubes or pipes do not turn against one another the
connection is easily made water, air or gas tight.
The foot piece or perforator is made about the same size as the lining tubes and
is jointed thereto in a similar manner; it is made somewhat thicker than the lining
tubes with a slight swelling towards the point to allow a clear way for the lining
tube to easily follow the driving or perforator piece which is formed with holes equal
in area to about one tenth of the internal surface of the length of the driving or
perforator piece; for half its length or height the holes should be increased in size
internally which with cast steel can be easily effected by means of cores from the
internal core; in the said perforator or driving piece above the holes is an internal
collar which projects inwards leaving a hole into which a plug pipe or tube should fit
easily or even loosely; a number of chases are formed vertically or the internal collar
of the perforator may be chased so as to allow water to pass freely; the plug rests on
the collar by means of a strong flange projecting inside the lining tube, the plug being
continued downwards a certain distance from the collar to the point and upwards to
a point above the lining tube the conduit tube for continuous transport should be
less in external diameter than one third of the internal diameter of the thicker parts
of the lining tube the internal or transport tube rests on the collar of the perforator
or driving piece by the ring flange around it giving a shoulder to the rammer which
is a cylindrical monkey driver with a bore to slide easily on the tube; the driver
works freely in the lining tube and also on the conduit or transport tube which is
continued up to a syphon over the lining tube. If the lining tube is filled with
water it will rise up in the transport tube and if drawn over the syphon the
pressure of the constant current of water will transport all that comes into the
perforator or driver and ease the driving by the cylindrical driver which may be
actuated by gravity impacts by raising it by three or more wires or cords giving
great rapidity of impact near the point of resistance the sinking will be accelerated
and the bore kept clean. The downward current of water gives force to the
cylindrical driver.
In boring artesian wells I apply the same principle but the cylindrical driving
tool forms the cutting tool cylinder and is continued above the lining tube cylinder.
The transport tube or cylinder is carried above that of the tool cylinder as the
tool cylinder has to be revolved both when cutting and chipping; the foot or first
length of the lining tubes or cylinders has a sharp cutting edge vertical externally
and bevelled internally to a diameter a little less than the diameter of the fastenings
of the lining tube or cylinder.
The lining cylinders are fixed together internally by segment clips or clamps on
internal flanges, provision being made for rubber rings or plastic or setting cement.
The clips or clamps are actuated by a bevel hoop to fit the bevelled back of the
segment clips or clamps.
The tool cylinder is jointed together in lengths in a similar manner to that
herein before described, the bottom or first length being formed to receive three
cutters which cutters are fixed by axles to allow them by springing out to project
a little beyond the diameter of the lining cylinder and in the centre the three
cutters meet and form a sharp pointed screw; on raising the tool cylinder the
cutters are pressed into the external diameter of the tool cylinder by the bevel
mouth of the lining cylinder and before rising to the top of the bevilled mouth the
cutters are kept in by sliding on the transport cylinder, by these means any form
of cutter can be applied which is adapted to the strata to be acted on at the same
time cutting full to the lining cylinder.
The conducting or transport tube or cylinder is jointed in a similar manner to
that hereinbefore described,

page_text: I find it advantageous to provide the tool cylinder with three or more rollers
which bear against the smallest internal diameter of the conical mouth of the
lining tube to keep the tool cylinder in the centre of the lining; three rollers are
also provided internally to run against the conducting or transport cylinder which
is thus kept central and is water tight; as the borings or chippings are cut the
current of water will bring them up and discharge them through the syphon
which bas a pressure equal to the difference between the discharge of the syphon
and the water in the lining cylinder; by this means a continuous transport of
the borings or excavations is made; the apparatus may be actuated by manual or
other power.
The whole weight of the apparatus should rest on the lining tube or cylinder
but this should be prevented from descending quicker than the cutting or boring
is effected; in the conducting or transport cylinder I may provide a ball or other
valve near the bottom so that the water will not descend when the syphon is
removed in order to add more lengths at the top. The. water in the syphon should
be shut in when disconnecting the same for adding lengths to the top. The water
for the continuous transport can be pumped up fron tanks to again descend in the
lining cylinder and ascend in the transport cylinder and a running streain of water
will be produced thus affording a means of transport which is least expensive of
any known means. The revolving of the tool cylinder is actuated without any
action on the lining or conducting tube and is arranged to facilitate the adding of
lengths of lining, tool and transport cylinders.
I have described the bereinbefore described improvements as applicable to
borings of a size which are too small to be accessible for direction or inspection at
the surface of the ground but I may apply the same for boring adits, levels,
headings, tunnels, pits and shafts.

page_text: Apparatus Connected therewith.
I WILLIAM BUCKWELL, of Ancona, in the Kingdom of Italy, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN BORING
ARTESIAN AND OTHER WELLS AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH" and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in boring artesian and other wells and
apparatus connected therewith and the invention consists in providing means for
continuous boring and continuous transport of the products of the boring the object
of the invention being to effect an economy in the cost of boring in well sinking
by continuous progress, and transport.
In order to enable iny invention to be fully understood I will describe the same
by reference to the accompanying drawing in which the several figures represent
views of apparatus and parts of apparatus for boring artesian and other wells and.
constructed according to my invention. Similar letters in all the figures represent
similar or corresponding parts.
In carrying out the invention when boring wells other than artesian wells
the lining is always made direct and uniform externally and the lengths of the
same are jointed and connected so as to be of an uniform strength in order to make
any length of lining as if it were only one long piece, tube or pipe, the jointing or
holding together being effected internally.
For lining tubes of small diameter they are screw jointed together, the thickness
of the ends of the lengths being increased internally for this purpose, and when
required to be water tight a small ring of rubber or plastic or setting cement is
placed around the shoulder of the male screw and a similar ring may also be
employed at the shoulder of the female screw for the end of the male screw to
rest on.
But for screw jointing together large tubes or pipes a, as shewn in figure 1
which is a vertical section shewing the ends of two lengths of such tubes or pipes
connected together, it is preferred to use an internal hoop or ring nut b, and to
increase the thickness of the ends of the tubes or pipes a, for internally socketing
the end c, of one tube to the spigot end d, of the next tube; the top of the spigot
end d, is provided with three depressions e, (shewn in dotted lines) corresponding
with three projections on the internal collar f, of the socket c which cullar is formed
by increasing the thickness thereof as described. The said depressions e, and
corresponding projections on the ends of the tubes a, can however be dispensed
with the top of the collar f, is turned at g, to receive the shoulder of a ring or
washer a¹, and the washer a¹, receives a shoulder on the hoop nut b; the angle
of the shoulder of the spigot d, has a rubber ring h, to form a tight joint.-The
hoop nut b, is threaded as shewn to screw into the spigot end d, of the pipe a,
after passing the internal collar ƒ, of the socket c, and ring or washer a. The nut b

page_text: is provided with internal vertical and horizontal chases i, and j, respectively
(4 or 6 in number), one of each set of the said horizontal chases j, passing to the
right hand and the other to the left hand. The nut can be easily held and applied
and screwed home by a spanner (not shown in the drawing) having two or three
lugs with studs thereon which studs engage in one set of the horizontal chases j;
when the nut is screwed home the spanner can be easily withdrawn by turning it
in the reverse direction so that the studs can come up out of the vertical chases i.
To unscrew the nut b, the lugs of the spanner are applied to the other horizontal
chases j, and the act of unscrewing the nut b, brings the studs under the shoulder
of the chases j, and when unscrewed the nut b, can be easily lifted out. The
advantages of this joint are that the screwed connection is not affected by turning
the tubes a, in either direction and as the tubes or pipes do not turn against one
another the connection is easily made water, air or gas tight.—Figure 2 is a similar
view to figure 1, but shewing the joint applied to the outside of the tubes a.
The foot piece or perforator k, as shewn in figure 3 which represents a vertical
section of the lower part of an apparatus for forming wells by means of a driver or
perforator according to my invention is made about the same size as the lining
tubes, the end of the lowermost of which is shewn at a, and the perforator is
jointed to the said tube a, in a similar manner to that hereinbefore described and
shewn in figure 1; it is made somewhat thicker than the lining tubes a, with a
slight swelling or increase in thickness towards the point to allow a clear way for
the lining tube a, to easily follow the driving or perforator piece k, which through-
out about half its length or height is formed with holes l, equal in area to from
about one third to one half of the internal surface of the length of the driving or
perforator piece k, below the collar m, hereinafter described; the holes should be
increased in size towards the interior of the perforator k, which with cast steel can
be easily effected by means of cores extending from the internal core; in the
perforator or driving piece k, above the holes l, is an internal collar m; a central
hole n is provided in the collar m, through which a plug pipe or tube o, forming
the transport tube passes easily or even loosely; a number of vertical holes p, are
formed in the collar m, or the collar may be chased so as to allow water to pass
freely through the same; the pipe or tube o, rests on the collar m, by means of a
strong flange or ring q, of nearly the least size of the inside of the lining tube a;
the pipe or tube o, is continued downwards for a certain distance from the collar m,
towards the point of the perforator k, and upwards to a point above the lining
tube a; the ring or flange q, round the transport tube o, serves as a shoulder to
the rammer r, which consists of a cylindrical monkey driver bored with a hole so
as to slide easily on the tube o; the monkey driver works freely in the lining tube
and, ou the conduit or transport tube. It will however be obvious that the monkey
driver, can be fixed to the transport tube which in that case would be raised and
would fall with the monkey driver thereby adding its weight to that of the latter,
the conduit or transport tube is continued up to a syphon, 8, over the lining tube a,
as shewn in the elevation of the apparatus at figure 4. If the lining tube a, is
filled with water the latter will rise up in the transport tube o, and if drawn
through the syphon 8, the pressure of the constant current of water will transport
or carry up all that comes into the perforator or driver k, and ease the driving by
the cylindrical monkey driver which can be actuated by gravity impacts, by
raising it by three or more wires or cords, t, giving great rapidity of impact near
the point of resistance and the sinking will be thereby accelerated and the bore
kept clean. The downward current of water in the lining tube a, (which water is
returned thereto by any suitable means such as by a pump) gives force to the
cylindrical monkey driver r.
Figure 5 is a vertical section of an apparatus for boring artesian wells and
figure 6, is a plan of the underside half in section of the same.
In boring artesian wells as shewn in the said figures 5 and 6, I apply the same
principle as that herein before described but the cylindrical driving tool k, extended
forms the cutting tool cylinder and is continued above the lining tube or cylinder a.

page_text: The transport tube or cylinder o, is carried above the tool cylinder k, as the tool
cylinder has to be revolved both when cutting and chipping.
The lining tube is made double at the bottom or foot so as to form channels c³,
through which the water is conducted to the cutting edge u, of the lining tube and
cutting tools hereinafter described and by means of which the cuttings and borings
are caused to be conveyed up the transport tube o; d³, d³, are ribs dividing the
lining tube into the said channels; at the bottom or foot the sharp cutting edge u,
with which the foot or first length of the lining tubes or cylinders a, is provided is
vertical externally and bevelled internally to a diameter a little less than the
diameter of the fastenings of the lining tube or cylinder.
The lining cylinders a, are fixed together in the manner illustrated by figure 7
which is a vertical section shewing the ends of two filleted or ribbed tubes connectod
together.
For this purpose segmental clips or clamps a¹, are employed taking onto inclined
internal collars or flanges f, on the tubes a, provision being made for rubber rings h,
or plastic or setting cement. The clips or clamps a¹, are actuated by a bevel ring
or hoop b, to fit the inclined surface of the back of the segmental clips or clamps a¹,
which latter are bevelled at each edge as shewn, the lower of the said edges resting
in a groove v, formed in the interior of the lengths a, of the lining tubes or
cylinders; to make the joints the clips or clamps a¹, are placed with their lower
edges in the grooves v, and the ring b, being lowered into position will be allowed
by the bevilled upper edge of the clips or clamps a', to pass within them and the
inclined outer surface of the ring b, sliding on the inclined surface of the clips a
will press them firmly outwards onto the inclined collars f, whereby the lengths of
tube a, will be drawn tightly together.
Figure 8, is a similar view to figure 7, but shewing the clips a¹ applied to the
outside of the ends of tubes.
Figures 9 and 10 represent a section and a front elevation respectively of another
form of joint somewhat similar to those herein before described and shewn in
figures 2, 3, 7 and 8; in this arrangement the inclined collars f receive clips a¹,
which are expanded by means of a key b.
The tool cylinder k, is jointed together in lengths in a similar manner to that
hereinbefore described, the bottom or first length being formed to receive three
cutters w, w, w, which cutters are fixed by axles to allow them (by springing out
when operated by springs y,) to project a little beyond the diameter of the lining
cylinder a, as shewn in figure 6 so as to cut to the full extent of the outside
diameter of the lining tube a; in the centre the three cutters meet at 2, and form
a sharp pointed screw; on raising the tool cylinder k, the cutters w, are pressed
inwards as far as the external diameter of the cylinder k (as shewn in dotted lines
in figure 6) by the bevel mouth of the lining cylinder a and before rising to the top
of the bevilled mouth the cutters w, are kept in by sliding on the transport
cylinder o, and are held in this position by feathers e³, on the tool tube or tool
transport tube o; by these means any form of cutter can be applied which is
adapted to the strata to be acted on, at the same time cutting full to the lining
cylinder a; b³, are fillets or ribs on the transport tube o, which enter corresponding
grooves in the tool tube k, to prevent the tube o from rotating in the tube k.
The conducting or transport tube or cylinder o is jointed in a similar manner to
that hereinbefore described.
I find it advantageous to provide the tool cylinder with three or more rollers one
of which is shewn at b¹, figure 5 which rollers bear against the smallest internal
diameter of the lining tube a, to keep the tool cylinder in the centre of the lining
tube; three rollers not shown in the drawing are also provided internally to run
against the conducting or transport cylinder which is thus kept central and is water
tight; as the borings or chippings are cut, the current of water will bring them up
through the transport tube o, and discharge them through the syphon 3, (herein-
before described and shewn in figure 4) which has a pressure equal to the difference

page_text: between the discharge of the syphon and the water in the lining cylinder; by this
means a continuous transport of the borings or excavations is made; the apparatus
may be actuated by manual or other power.
The whole weight of the apparatus should rest on the lining tube or cylinder a,
but this should be prevented from descending quicker than the cutting or boring is
effected; Figure 11 is a plan with part of the top removed of an apparatus for
rotating the cutting tools on a platform of a tower as hereinafter described by
means of a crown wheel c¹, and bevel pinion d', worked by mitre gear, shewn at e',
in figure 12 which represents an elevation of a tower or framed construction for
apparatus for boring artesian wells; the said mitre gear is fixed on a vertical
shaft, figure 13 is a section of the crown wheel and pinion; a³, represent guide
wheels or rollers for vertically guiding the tool transport tube o, by means of the
ribs 3, on the tube o; figure 14, is a plan shewing the upper segments with
inspection aperture and also the means whereby the tool tube or tool transport
tube o is supported from the lining tube a on balls g', to allow the former to rotate
with facility at any depth of boring; the ring h', having a channel in which the
balls g³, rotate is supported by 3 segments resting on the lining tube the segments
having apertures through which water from a cistern attached thereto flows into
the lining tube or pipe a-As shown in figure 13 the segments rotate the tool tube
by resting on the crown wheel. The upper ring j', figure 16 bearing on the balls
carries 3 segments supporting the tool or tool transport tube under a joint and to
give the required height above the joint of the lining tube; at the junction of one
end of each of the said segments is an axle k¹, with a pendent lever 1, shewn
clearly in the part elevation at figure 15; the ends of the levers l', (hy the upper
ring, rotating) come against pins m³, in a steel ring n³, around the lower ball channel
ring h³, as shewn in the sectional view at figure 16, thereby depressing arms p', at the
other ends of the axles k³, as shewn in the diagram at figure 17; the arms p¹, carry
sheaves q', and serve to carry down the cord coming from over a sheave and thereby
raising the tool carrier k and causes it to fall and by its impact to chip or cut with tool
cutters such as those shewn at figures 18 and 19 which represent sections of cutters
or chisels to turn outwards so as to cut the strata operated on to the full size of the
lining tube-a of a revolution of the axle will cause the rope or cord to be
drawn down by the arm p', and with 12 pins m³, the 3 levers ", will give 12 blows
per each revolution of the tool tube o; 9, 6, or 3 pins may however be employed
instead of 12-the ring n¹ carrying the pins m³, shifts in order to give the required
feed; a cistern is attached to the bottom segments and is made more or less water
tight by means of cup leathers around the lining tubo a; similar cup leathers can
serve to keep the water from rising up round the outside of the lining tube a by
the plate being imbedded in clay or other material-figure 20 is a plan of an
arrangement for controlling the descent of the lining tube a against which is shewn
a bevel ring r, to firmly grip it, and which is forced against it by means of 4 levers
or arins s', as shewn, other arins t¹; have dies u', with which vertical screw rods v¹,
are caused to engage by means of eccentrics w¹, shewn in the enlarged view at
figure 21 which is a section taken through one of the screw dies which engage
with the screw rods v¹; figure 21", is a detached plan view of one of the screw
dies u; the screw dies can be instantly removed from engagement with the screw
rods by the eccentrics, so that the apparatus can be raised for a fresh feed or fall
of the lining tube; figure 22 is a section taken through one of the arms 8'; the
rods are rotated by mitre gear as shewn in figure 20 from the vertical shaft f'
giving motion by means of worms to skew toothed heads y', with which each
screw rod v', is provided, so that either a steady pressure, or a percussive impact
of the weight of the whole apparatus can be given intermittently or continuously
to the lining tube a, or its descent can be checked or reversed. Figure 23 is a
section through one of the skew toothed heads y' and screw rods v¹.
Figures 24 and 25 shew plans of metal platforms for use in a tower such as that
shewn in Figure 12 herein before referred to―Figure 24 shews a platform applicable

page_text: DIY wwe wrew
to the top of the first 2nd 4th 5th and 7th pipes or tubes; the position of the crown
wheel c, and bevel pinion shewn in figure 11, is here indicated, as is also that
of the screw rod gear shewn in figure 20-figure 25 shews a platform applicable at
the 3rd 5th and 6th height of tube or pipe; figure 26 is a plan of the foundation
plate of the tower resting on a timber cross piece z¹; wood can be used in place of
metal platforms, and for the tower or framed construction.
In Figure 12 are shewn the corner pillars of the externally jointed tool or
transport tubes and which can be used without any preparation, alteration, or
deterioration; the whole can be quickly put together and the 4 pillars raised, and
fixed to the foundation plate; one or two simple forms of platforms of cast metal
can be made to connect the whole together by means of a hammer only, giving all
fixings for vertical shaft and working apparatus; the vertical shaft f, is shewn as
rotated by a flanged horizontal pulley a³ and as it is pivotted in a cup bearing,
there is but little friction; the mitre gear serves firstly to control the descent of
the lining tube-secondly to rotate the tool tube and thirdly to operate the lifting
and lowering gear.
The syphons is caused to automatically descend with the tubes by means of a
single or a pair of wire cords passing from the platform at the top of the tower
down to the 4th platform, over and under, sheaves so adjusted as to suspend the
syphon vertically and to counterpoise its weight and that of the water, also to
enable it to be easily raised by hand; the discharge may take place alternately into
tanks to settle and the clear water is then raised for re-use.
In figure 4 hereinbefore referred to which shews the apparatus for well sinking
by driving tubes, the apparatus can be worked- from a tower or framed construction
similar to that herein before described or be supported upon three legs b³ as shewn
to which a sheave c* (or sheaves) is hung.-A wire ropo d³, coming from the
monkey driver r, figure 3, is passed over the sheave c², down to a tube e³, in the
hollow axle f, of a pulley 92; at every revolution of the pulley g², the rope d², is
caught twice by two pins h2, in the pulley g³, and carried down, thereby raising the
monkey driver to the extent of double the radius of the pins h³, from the centre
tube in the axle f*, when one of the pins 2 is nearly vertical below the axle f*, the
rope d is pushed off the pin by being caused to travel on the inclined plane i³, as
clearly shewn in figure 27 which is a plan of the pulley and pin arrangement; the
rammer falls down twice for every revolution of the pulley g². The pulley is
best worked by a belt as shewn in figure 28 which is an elevation of the pulley g²
from a suitable driving pulley and one hundred or less to double this number or
more impacts may be given per minute. In the conducting or transport cylinder o,
I may provide a ball or other valve (not shewn in the drawing) near the bottom so
that the water will not descend when the syphone is removed in order to add
more lengths at the top. The water in the syphon 8 should be shut in when
disconnecting the same for adding lengths to the top. The water for the
continuous transport can be pumped up from tanks to again descend in the lining
cylinder a, and ascend in the transport cylinder o, and a running stream of water
will be produced, thus affording a means of transport which is least expensive of
any known means. The revolving of the tool cylinder k, is actuated without any
action on the lining tube a and is arranged to facilitate the adding of lengths of
lining tool and transport cylinders.
I have described the herein before described improvements as applicable to
borings of a size which are too small to be accessible for direction or inspection at
the surface of the ground, but I may apply the same for boring adits, levels,
beadings, tunnels, pits and shafts.
•
I would observe with respect to the herein before described tower and apparatus
connected therewith that my invention comprises their use only in connection
with the method of continuous boring and transport described in my Provisional
Specification.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. The herein described method of boring artesian and other wells by providing
means for continuous boring and continuous transport of the products of the boring
substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. The improved apparatuses for boring artesian and other well's substantially as
herein before described and represented in the accompanying drawing.
Dated we may of August 2000.
G. F. REDFERN,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agent for the Applicant.