Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application (in United Kingdom), 7th Sept., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 7th June, 1899-Accepted, 19th Aug., 1899
We, LA SOCIÉTÉ ANONYME D'ELECTRICITÉ ET D'AUTOMOBILES MORS, of 48, Rue
du Theatre Grenelle, Paris, in the Republic of France, Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows: --
This invention relates to an improved explosion engine more especially designed
for working with hydrocarbons and used in connection with motor vehicles, the
said engine being distinguished by the great simplicity of the mechanisms, by
which the controlling and the regulation or feed are effected.
This improved motor is provided with two parallel cylinders and works on the
four-stroke-cycle; the two pistons actuate by the intermediary of two connecting
rods the driving shaft, which latter may be provided with a single crank or
with two diametrically opposite cranks; in the former case the pistons and the
connecting rods are equipoised by counterweights and the impulses and the work-
ing periods are equally distributed; in the second case the pistons and the
connecting rods balance each other conversely and the impulses and the working
periods are no longer evenly distributed, but the far greater mechanical equilibrium
causes the vibrations to be considerably diminished. In each cylinder the
admission valve is placed above exhaust valve, whereby the inspection thereof is
facilitated.
The cooling of the cylinders is effected by means of a water jacket which
extends for the same length as the stroke of the pistons and all round the exhaust
valve.
The governor, the cams which actuate the exhaust valves as well as the cams
which actuate the ignition device are located in one and the same axis and arranged
in the following manner:
The driving shaft through the medium of pinions actuates at a suitable ratio
of speed a gear wheel keyed on a tubular shaft parallel to the axis of the driving
shaft and extending from one end of the machine frame to the other, where it is
properly pivoted.
Upon this shaft is adapted to slide the socket of a centrifugal governor, the
solid parts of which are located in recesses, provided in the gear wheel.
This said socket is mounted on a long key or pin in the ordinary manner so
as to be connected with the tubular shaft, while yet admitting of being displaced
thereon.

page_text: The two solid parts or weights of the governor are connected to arms which are
fixed to each side of a rod traversing the tubular shaft and passing through a
core located in the interior of this shaft and capable of being displaced therein.
The core is connected with a rod guided in a screw plug or stopper and a
spring is placed between the said core and this screw plug or stopper.
The socket constitutes one of the sides of a clutch coupling and is adapted to
engage with the other part of this coupling, which is connected to a second tubular
shaft concentrical to the first tubular shaft; rings or washers being interposed
between the shafts, in order to thoroughly ensure their concentrical position.
Upon the second tubular shaft the cams are fixed which actuates the exhaust
valves as well as the cams which operate the igniting device. We need not enter
into a minute description of these working operations, which, in the case of the
exhaust valves and of the ignition device take place in the ordinary manner.
The herein before mentioned spring tends to repel the socket of the governor
in such a manner, as to place it into engagement with the second tubular shaft
which carries the cams.
This socket which forms an engaging coupling is keyed on the first tubular
shaft at the required angle, so that, when the said socket engages with the second
tubular shaft carrying the cams, the latter may occupy a fixed angle suitable for
effecting the exhaust and the ignition at the determined phase of the cycle.
It will be understood that the engaging coupling need comprise only one
single clutch and only need be such, that, when the second tubular shaft is
disengaged and is going to be engaged, it is only actuated when the socket keyed
at its proper angle, arrives at a given point of rotation always remaining the same,
an operation which could not take place with an engaging coupling, comprising
more than two diametrically opposite clutches.
As long as on using this controlling mechanism-the motor does not reach
a given rate of speed, the socket of the governor remains coupled with the second
shaft and the operation of the exhaust valves as well as that of the igniting device
takes place under normal conditions; when the speed exceeds this limit, the
weights of the governor become separated and produce a displacement of the
said socket which latter recoils while compressing the spring, and is thus thrown
out of engagement with the second shaft; the exhaust valves and the igniting
device then cease to operate and the different phases of the cycle are interrupted,
until the rate of speed diminishes and the cam shaft is again thrown into engage-
ment and resumes its normal motion.
The spring must be regulated by the aid of the screw plug or stopper in order
that the weights of the governor may only commence to move away from each
other, when the movement of the machine attains a given speed.
By this system the motor is greatly simplified, owing to its effecting the
regulation by simply stopping the action of the cams instead of letting them work
and of preventing them from acting upon the valves by special devices, as has
been heretofore the case; by this system moreover the ignition is simultaneously
stopped, so that electricity is saved. It should be observed, that the cam shaft
stops when the friction rollers, acted upon by the springs of the valves, and the
rollers of the rods of the ignition device bear against the small diameter of the
cams and that it is the said rollers, which form the obstacle by preventing
the shaft from rotating, so that the latter is stopped at the time when the exhaust
is going to take place in one of the cylinders, that is to say, when the circuit is
no longer closed between the weights and the igniting device. As regards the
regulation of the motor as well as the variation of speed required by the driver,
we effect the same by the admission of the gas and not by the governor, the only
function of which latter is to automatically maintain the motor at a given speed.
For this purpose we arrange upon the suction pipes of the gaseous mixture a
special closing device, by which the quantity of gas to be admitted to the cylinders,
can be varied at will. These closing devices are formed of a plate adapted to
slide transversely to the admission ports and suitably adjusted in such a manner,

page_text: that the joints are kept tight; this plate has two openings of the same section as
the admission pipes plus a portion triangular in shape. The displacement of
this plate is effected by the aid of a pinion gearing with a rack cut upon the edge
of the plate, it is thus evident that, according to the position of the said plate
the quantity of gas, admitted can be varied from zero up to the maximum limit
corresponding to the section of the conduits or pipes.
This method of varying the speed of the motor by acting upon the gaseous
mixture has the advantage, that the carburetting operation is not modified and
that consequently the hydrocarbon is utilized under the best conditions, which
means a considerable saving of material.
It will be observed that the distributing or second tubular shaft, the governor,
and the actuating gearings are completely enclosed in the frame surrounding
the crank shaft, which for this purpose is provided with a portion capable of being
dismounted, in order to permit of an inspection of the respective parts.
Dated this 7th day of September 1898
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicants.
We, LA SOCIÉTÉ ANONYME D'ELECTRICITÉ ET D'AUTOMOBILES MORS, of 48, Rue
du Theatre Grenelle, Paris, in the Republic of France, Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement: —
This invention relates to an improved explosion engine more especially designed
for working with hydrocarbons and used in connection with motor vehicles, the
said engine being distinguished by the great simplicity of the mechanisms by
which the controlling and the regulation or feed are effected.
Referring to the accompanying drawing:
Figure 1 is a vertical section through the axis of the crank shaft.
Figure 2 a vertical section through the axis of one of the cylinders, perpendicu-
larly to the shaft.
Figure 3 is a plan view thereof.
Figure 4 is a detail view representing the apparatus for regulating the
admission of the gas.
Figure 5 is a detail view, showing the controlling mechanism.
Figure is a section on line 6-6 Figure 5.
This improved motor is provided with two parallel cylinders and works on the
four-stroke-cycle; the two pistons A A actuate by the intermediary of two con-
necting rods aa the driving shaft B which latter may be provided with a single
crank or with two diametrically opposite cranks; in the former case the pistons
and the connecting rods are equiposed by counterweights, the impulses and the
working periods being equally distributed; in the second case the pistons and the
connecting rods balance each other conversely, the impulses and the working
periods are no longer evenly distributed, but the far greater mechanical equili-
brium causes the vibrations to be considerably diminished. In each cylinder the
admission valve C is placed above the exhaust valve 1), whereby the inspection
thereof is facilitated.
The cooling of the cylinders is effected by means of a water jacket a¹ which

page_text: extends for the same length as the stroke of the pistons and all round the exhaust
valve.
The governor, the cams which actuate the exhaust valves as well as the cams
which actuate the ignition device are located in one and the same axis and
arranged in the following manner:
The driving shaft B through the medium of pinions 61 62 Figure 2 actuates at
a suitable ratio of speed a gear wheel e, Figures 2 and 5 keyed on a tubular shaft E
parallel to the axis of the driving shaft and extending from one end of the
machine frame to the other, where it is properly carried in bearings e¹ e².
Upon this shaft is adapted to slide the sleeve f of a centrifugal governor, the
weights FF of which are located in recesses, provided in the gear wheel e.
This said sleeve is mounted on a long key or pin in the ordinary manner so
as to be connected with the shaft E, while yet admitting of being displaced
thereon.
The two solid parts or weights of the governor are connected to arms f¹ f¹,
which are fixed to each side of a rod f Figures 5 and 6, traversing the tubular
shaft and passing through a core f³, located in the interior of this shaft and
capable of being displaced therein.
The core f³ is connected with a rod f, guided in a screw plug or stopper G,
a spring g being placed between the said core f³ and this screw plug or stopper G.
The sleeve constitutes one of the sides of a clutch coupling and is adapted
to engage with the other part of this coupling, which is connected to a second
tubular shaft H concentric to the shaft E and carried in bearings at h and e²;
rings or washers ¹¹¹ being interposed between the said shafts E in order to
thoroughly ensure their concentric position.
Upon the second tubular shaft H the cams I I are fixed which actuate the
exhaust valves as well as the cams which operate the igniting device. We need
not enter into a minute description of these working operations, which, in the
case of the exhaust valves and of the ignition device take place in the ordinary
manner.
The herein before mentioned spring g tends to repel the sleeve f of the governor
in such a manner, as to place it into engagement with the second tubular shaft H
which carries the cams.
This sleeve which forms an engaging coupling is keyed on the first tubular
shaft E at the required angle, so that, when the said socket engages with the
shaft carrying the cams, the latter may occupy a fixed angle suitable for
effecting the exhaust and the ignition at the determined phase of the cycle.
It will be understood, that the engaging coupling need comprise only one
single clutch and only need be such that, when the second tubular shaft H is
disengaged and is going to be engaged, it is only actuated, when the socket f,
keyed at the proper angle, arrives at a given point of rotation always remaining
the same, an operation which could not take place with an engaging coupling,
comprising more than two diametrically opposite clutches.
As long as on using this controlling mechanism-the motor does not reach
a given rate of speed, the sleeve f of the governor remains coupled with the
second shaft H and the operation of the exhaust valves as well as that of the
igniting device take place under normal conditions; when the speed exceeds this
limit, the weights of the governor F F become separated and produce a displace-
ment of the sleeve f, which latter recoils while compressing the spring g and is
thus thrown out of engagement with the shaft H; the exhaust valves and the
igniting device then ceases to operate and the different phases of the cycle are
interrupted, until the rate of speed diminishes and the cam shaft H is again
thrown into engagement and resumes its normal riotion.
The spring must be regulated by the aid of the screw plug or stopper G, in
order that the weights of the governor may only commence to move away from
each other, when the movement of the machine attains a given speed.
By this system the motor is greatly simplified. owing to its effecting the

page_text: regulation by simply stopping the action of the cams instead of letting them
work, and of preventing them from acting upon the valves by special devices,
as has been heretofore the case; by this system moreover the ignition is simul-
taneously stopped, so that electricity is saved. It should be observed, that the
cam shaft stops when the friction rollers, acted upon by the springs of the valves,
and the rollers of the rods of the ignition devices bear against the small diameters
of the cams, and that it is the said rollers, which form the obstacle, by preventing
the shaft from rotating, so that the latter is stopped at the moment when the
exhaust is going to take place in one of the cylinders, that is to say, when the
circuit of the ignition current (which comprises the ignition device and the
metallic portions of the cylinder, guides, &c.,) is not interrupted, and when
consequently no sparks are being produced at the ignition device.
As regards the regulation of the movement of the motor as well as the variation
of speed required by the driver, we effect the same by the admission of the gas
not by the governor, the only function of which latter is to automatically maintain
the motor at a given speed.
For this purpose we arrange upon the suction pipes of the gaseous mixture a
special closing device, by which the quantity of gas to be admitted to the cylinders
can be varied at will. These closing devices are formed of a plate J adapted to
slide transversely to the admission ports kk and suitably adjusted in such a
manner, that the joints are kept tight; this plate has two openings jj of the
same section as the admission pipes plus a portion j' triangular in shape. The
displacement of this plate is effected by the aid of a pinion L gearing with a
rack cut upon the edge of the plate J; it is then evident that, according to the
position of the said plate the quantity of gas, admitted, can be varied from zero
up to the maximum limit corresponding to the section of the conduits or pipes.
This method of varying the speed of the motor by acting upon the gaseous
mixture has the advantage, that the carburetting operation is not modified and
that consequently the hydrocarbon is utilized under the best conditions, which
means a considerable saving of material.
It will be observed, that the distributing shaft H, the governor, and the
actuating gearings are completely enclosed in the frame M surrounding the crank
shaft, which for this purpose is provided with a portion m, Figures 1 and 3 capable
of being dismounted in order to permit of an inspection of the respective parts.
We may modify the constructional arrangements herein described, without
thereby departing from the spirit of the invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:-
1. In an explosion engine a mechanism for obtaining an automatic regulation
by means of a centrifugal governor, the essential feature consisting of a dis-
tributing shaft, carrying all the cams which actuate the exhaust valves, the
igniting device and all the other parts required to be actuated, the said shaft
being connected by means of a clutch or similar coupling to the sleeve of the
governor mounted on a shaft driven by the motor at a given speed for the operation
of the cams at the time required, so that, when the motor exceeds. a certain rate
of speed the sleeve of the governor, displacing itself in proportion as the
governor weights are separated, produces the displacement of the distributing
shaft and causes the function of the exhaust valves and of the igniting device
to cease, substantially as herein described and specified with reference to the
accompanying drawing.
2. In an explosion engine a device for varying the quantity of the gaseous
mixture to be admitted into the cylinders, essentially consisting of a plate,
traversing the admission conduits in a transverse direction and provided with
openings of a special shape for allowing of the admitted gas mixture being

page_text: graduated from a very small quantity up to the maximum limit, substantially as
herein described and specified with reference to the accompanying drawing.
3. The improved gas or like engine constructed and arranged substantially as
described and shown in the accompanying drawing.
Dated this 7th day of June 1899.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicants.