IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING LIQUIDS WHICH APPARATUS MAY BE ADAPTED TO SERVE AS A MOTOR AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Harris Lake of the firm of Haseltine Lake
& Co Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings London for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING LIQUIDS WHICH APPARATUS
MAY BE ADAPTED TO SERVE AS A MOTOR AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
"
A communication to him from abroad by Pierre Jacques Carmien of Issy,
near Paris France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Harris Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st November 1882.
HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake, and Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING
و"
LIQUIDS WHICH APPARATUS MAY BE ADAPTED TO SERVE AS A MOTOR AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES [A communication to bim from abroad by Pierre Jacques
Carmien of Issy, near Paris France.]
This invention relates to an improved water-meter which in its simplest form
works at all pressures and all velocities, with continuous check and register if
desired.
The said water meter can also be used as a pump in which case the main axle
is provided with a fly-wheel and special gearing as hereinafter described, the said
pump can be worked by machinery or by hand, and is applicable to all industries
and for general purposes. The quantity of liquid drawn by this pump is accurately
registered.
The water meter can be used as a motor when a liquid is passed through it
under sufficient pressure. If the gearing be dispensed with and the outdow
pipe modified, the water meter can be used as a hydraulic ram, registering the work
effected.
In order to make my invention and its principal modes of operation thoroughly
clear, I have illustrated it in the accompanying drawings by way of example.
Figure 1 is a central vertical section of the improved water-meter.
Figure 2 is a front elevation of the same complete with its dials.
Figure 3 is a front view shewing the interior of the cylinder, the lid being
removed.
Figure 4 is another elevation of the apparatus illustrating the operation of
the meter.
Figure 5 is an elevation of the apparatus arranged as a pump or motor.
Figure 6 is a detail view.
Figure 7 is a detail view of the regulating cock.
Figures 8, 9 and 10 illustrate slight modifications

page_text: The cylinder or pump chamber a contains all the mechanism; it is closed by the
lid b which is screwed upon it, with water-tight packing. In this cylinder works
the blade c which receives and transinits the pressure and which is fixed upon an
axle d with which it turns alternately to the right and to the left.
The joint between the sides of the said blade and the walls of the cylinder is
formed by means of leather, preferably arranged as shewn in Figure 3, but it may
be formed in any other suitable manner.
The shell e of the regulating cock is fixed solidly and made quite water-tight in
the cylinder a. The plug of the said cock may have various forms, as represented
in Figure 7. The said plug is preferably hollow, internally, and divided into two
compartments by a wall g perpendicular to its axis, as shewn in Figure 1.
The two compartments thus formed are pierced with a convenient number of holes
or rectangular openings h.
In the drawings I have shewn each compartment pierced with three openings,
equidistant from each other, but of unequal sizes. In case the number of these
openings were reduced to two for each compartment, their size might be a quarter
of the circumference of the key as shewn at A Figure 7. The number and the
dimensions of these openings of the plug are calculated so as to continually
lubricate by means of the liquid itself, and to equilibrate the pressure.
Figure 3 represents the said cock set at the dead point; the larger openings h¹
destined for the flowing in and out of the liquid remain always open, whilst the
other smaller openings h of each compartment of the plug are shut. If the plug is
slightly turned one way or the other, one of these apertures will open on one side
to allow the liquid to enter under the blade c, whilst the other small aperture with
likewise be opened on the opposite side of the cock e to allow the liquid to
flow out.
From this it will be easily understood that if, for instance, the plug be turned
from left to right, the liquid will enter into the cylinder on the right side of the
cock through one compartiment of the key, and will come out on the left side of the
said cock through the other compartment of the plug. In this case the liquid will
follow the direction indicated by the arrows, Figure 3, and the point of starting of
the blade is shewn in dotted lines in the same figure. The reverse movement takes
place when the plug f is turned from right to left. Although the openings of the
plug may be of unequal size, those of the shell of the cock have preferably all the
same size. The pointer i fixed at one extremity of the main axle & serves the double
purpose of an indicator, and of means for reversing the cock. This reversing is
effected as follows:-The regulating plug fis provided with a toothed sector; which
engages with another sector k which is loose on the axle of the blade. A spring or
other means is arranged to press the plug of the cock into its shell but I prefer
applying the arrangement as represented in figures 8, 9 and 10. In this arrangement
the toothed sector j is loose like the sector k which is on the axle of the blade c. It
will be seen in Figure 8 that the notched head of the plug projects beyond the
bottom of the pump-chamber by the whole thickness of the ratch-sector. The said
plug is surrounded with a covering of gutta-percha, hardened india-rubber, or any
other suitable material, to prevent any catching; the bridge is screwed upon tho
bottom of the cylinder, and is provided with a central perforated piece m, Figure 10,
through which a pin with a head upon which presses the spring blade n moves
fieely. This pin maintains the plug lightly in its place, and upon the pipe m the
toothed sector j is loosely fitted. The said sector is placed between the notches of
the front extremity of the plug with a little play, which causes it to turn through
the desired angle to the right or to the left, without pressing it on the one side
more than on the other.
The box fixed under the cylinder, Figures 1, 2 and 3, is divided into two
con partments o o¹ to which are adjusted, in any convenient manner, the inlet and
outlet pipes for the liquid.
The apparatus can be fixed in any desired position, The gearing also that works
the hands of the dials may be placed in any desired spot.

page_text: As represented in Figures 5 and 6, the meter is arranged as a pump or a motor
with continuous rotation. In this application, the bottom of the cylinder a carries
the standard or bearings of the axle p. On this axle p are mounted the two bevel
wheels which are provided with teeth on one half of their peripheries only, and
arranged in such a manner that the smooth part of the one corresponds to the
toothed part of the other. The axle d of the blade is produced outside the
cylinder a and has fitted loosely upon it, the bevel wheel which gears with both
the wheels 7. By means of this arrangement, the motion of the blade being
alternating, the wheel r will communicate to the said blade the same motion, through
the continuous rotation of the axle p the toothed half of the right pinion making
it turn in one direction, during half a rotation, of the axle, whilst during the second
half rotation, the left pinion wheel will make it turn in an opposite direction, and
uninterruptedly so, the said wheels being so arranged that their teeth at least gear
with the wheel.
The pawls fixed on the axle is arranged between the ears t which are fixed
upon or form part of the wheel and cause the said wheel to perform its
alternating motion.
The continuous rotating motion of the axle p is thus transformed into an
alternating motion and vice versa when the apparatus is to be used as a motor.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows, that is to say, suppose the counter-
weight which is fitted loosely upon the axle d to be at the top of its course and
resting against the spring the hand which has brought it in this position,
continues its course by going down the opposite side of the dial being carried along
by the notion of the blade c which is itself forced along by the liquid entering
through the left side of the apparatus; at this time the pin x or any other suitable
contrivance fixed on the hand, comes into contact with, and presses upon, the tail
end of the counter weight u and causes it to force itself beyond the point where
the spring v stopped it.
The said counterweight then falls into the position indicated in dotted lines in
Figure 4, making the sector lc oscillate, which latter, engaging with the sector j of
the plug of the cock causes the said plug to turn so as to reverse the direction of the
liquid. The plug being thus turned the liquid enters through the right, following
the direction indicated by the arrows in Figure 3. The blade e, and consequently the
hand i, now go up in a reverse direction until the pin x meeting with the tail end of
the counterweight brings it up into the vertical position again, and then falls to
the left after having got beyond the spring, as hereinbefore described. The catch
having only to act upon the tail end of the counterpoise, the arm of the latter is
hollowed out at y so as not to stop the hand in its motion.
A rod placed preferably upon the spring v serves to move the clock work at each
passage of the counterweight which causes the dials to register. The hand i,
corresponding exactly with the position of the blade, indicates upon a dial the litres
or fractions of such or other measures of capacity which should not be indicated on
the dials of the registering apparatus proper.
In the application of this system as a hydraulic ram, the cylinder is simply
provided with a double bottom, thus forming two capacities, the one larger than
the other. The same cock extends through the two compartments of the cylinder,
and the part of the said cock which is in the smaller compartment, is likewise
divided into two chambers by a wall whose apertures are similarly arranged.
The outlet chamber of the larger compartment of the cylinder and the inlet
chamber of the smaller form only one chamber in the plug of the cock, and do not
necessitate a perforated wall.

page_text: SPECIFICATION-in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Henry Harris Lake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
21st May 1883.
HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, and Co, Patent Agents
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING
LIQUIDS, WHICH APPARATUS MAY BE ADAPTED TO SERVE AS A MOTOR, AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES a communication to me from abroad by, Pierre Jacques Carmien,
of Issy, near Paris, France.
"
This invention relates to apparatus for measuring liquids, which apparatus may
be adapted to serve as a motor and for other purposes.
The improved apparatus together with the various applications thereof obtained
by modifying either the dimensions of the meter or some of the details of its
construction, are hereinafter described.
In its simplest form the said apparatus is a liquid meter operating effectually at
any desired pressure or speed, with continued indications and capable of registering
if required. It can be used as a pump, when its shaft is provided with a fly-wheel
and with suitable gearing as hereinafter described. This pump when worked
either by machinery or by hand will be applicable in many industries, for example
in tanneries, sugar refineries, distilleries, for feeding steam-boilers, or in restaurants
laundries or other places. The quantity of liquid delivered by this pump will be
correctly registered.
The said apparatus serves as a motor when it is supplied with liquid introduced
under sufficient pressure. The gearing being omitted and the outlet pipe modified,
the apparatus is applicable as a bydraulic ram and will register the amount of
labour utilized.
In order that the said Invention may be clearly understood, I have illustrated
the same, by way of example in the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 is a vertical central section of the apparatus constructed to serve as a
meter.
Figure 2 is a section on the line 1, 2. Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a front elevation of the said apparatus.
Figure 4 shows two vertical sections through part of the shell or casing of the
apparatus, these sections showing two different positions of the distributing cock.
Figure 5 is a plan of the apertures through which the liquid flows in and out.
Figure 6 is a front elevation of the apparatus designed to illustrate the working
of the same.
Figure 7 is a side elevation of the apparatus arranged as a pump or motor.
Figure 8 is a frout elevation of a Level wheel fixed on the axle of the motor.
Figures 9, 10, and 11 shew a modification of the said invention.
In Figures 1 to 4, a is a cylinder made of brass, cast iron or other suitable
material, in which the paddle b revolves around the axis c with an alternating
movement from right to left and from left to right. The paddle b is fixed to a
hollow naved the packing of which is effected by means of pieces e of India-rubber
secured by a screw f and intermediate caps g. h is a piece covering the lower part
of the cylinder steam-tight, and forming the shell of the distributing cock. i is the
plug of the distributing cock divided internally into two parts by a vertical
partition; this plug revolves in a packing of leather or gutta percha so that in
this part as well as in other parts of the apparatus there is no friction of metal
upon metal. The plug i is bored with two apertures facing each other (Figures 2
and 4) and is held by a central rod k upon which a spring 7 bears.

page_text: The section at the right hand side in Figure 4 is a section of the distributing
cock on the line 3-4 whilst that on the left hand sido is a section of the same on
the line 1-2. At each complete oscillation of the paddle b, the apparatus will
deliver a volume of liquid equal to the capacity of the cylinder a minus the volume
of the shell of the said cock and that of the paddle. The liquid under pressure
enters at mas indicated by the arrows in Figure 2, acts upon the paddle which
expels in front of it the contents of the cylinder a and assumes the position shewn
in dotted lines in the drawing. The liquid thus expelled comes out through the
apertures 1 and 2 (Figure 4) of the anterior portion of the delivery and runs out
through the pipe n. Then the distributing cock is operated to reverse the direction
of the apertures so that the paddle works exactly in the reverse manner.
The apparatus can be laid flat or with the box serving as a bracket it can be
screwed to a wall or it may be placed in any other suitable position. The clock-
work actuating the pointers on the dial of the meter can be arranged in any
desired manner.
The apparatus as shewn in Figures 7 and 8, is arranged to form either a pump
or a motor with continuous rotation. When applied in this manner the cylinder a
carries the supports or bearings for the axle or shaft p. Upon this shaft are fixed
the two bevel wheels q provided with teeth on one half of their periphery only
and mounted on the shaft in such a manner that the smooth part of one of the
wheels corresponds exactly with the toothed part of the other wheel. The axis d
of the paddle extends outside of the cylinder a and upon it is mounted loosely the
bevel wheel r adapted to gear with either of the wheels q. In this arrangement
the movement of the paddle is alternate, and is imparted by the wheel r by reason
of the continuous rotation of the axle p, because the toothed half of the right hand
wheel will cause the wheel r to revolve in one direction during half a revolution
of the axle, whereas during the other half revolution of the axles the left hand
wheel will cause the wheel to revolve in the other direction and without
interruption The stop a fixed on the axle d is engaged between the lugs t fixed to
or integral with the wheel raud acts like a driver moving the wheel with it in its
alternating movement.
The continuous rotatory movement of the axle p is for this purpose converted
into an alternative movement, and vice versa when the systein is reversed to be
applied as motor.
The distribution in this apparatus and the movement of the liquid in the cylinder
takes place in the following manuer (see figure 6). Assuming the weight which
is fixed loosely on the axis d, to be at the top of its stroke and stopped by the
spring catch v, the pointer i which has been brought into the position shown
continues its course down the opposite side of the dial, being moved by the
paddle b which is acted upon by the liquid entering on the left hand side of the
apparatus. The knob or projection x or other contact piece, fixed to the pointer,
bears upon the tail of the weight u and causes it to be released from the spring
catch v.
The weight then falls into the position shewn in dotted lines in figure 6
and causes the sector k to oscillate, which sector, gearing with the sector j of the
plug of the distributing cock, causes the said plug to turn so as to reverse the
direction in which the liquid enters. The plug being thus moved the liquid enters
by the right hand side. The paddle band consequently the pointer i move
upward in contrary directions until the knob or projection coming against the
tail of the weight u raises it into the vertical position where it is maintained by
the spring catch v, and whence it falls on the left hand side after having been
released from this spring as above described. The knob or projection having
only to act upon the tail of the weight, the arm of this weight is hollowed out at y
so as not to interfere with the movement of the pointer.
A rod placed upon the spring catch acts upon the clock-work at each passage
of the weight and causes indications upon the dials. The pointer i corresponding
exactly to the position of the paddle, indicates upon a dial all the "litres" or
fractions thereof which are not marked upon the dials of the meter. When the

page_text: -
apparatus is used as a hydraulic ram, the cylinder has a double bottom, forming
two chambers, one larger than the other.
The same distributing cock passes through the two compartments of the
oylinder and the part of the said cock within the smallest compartment is equally
divided into two chambers by a partition the apertures of which are alike. The
egress chamber of the large chamber or compartment of the cylinder and that of
the small one are joined by the plug of the cock and do not therefore require a
perforated partition.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign Correspondent and the manner of performing the same I wish it understood
that I claim
First. The above described improved apparatus consisting of a paddle receiving
an alternating movement in a closed cylindrical casing, by the introduction into
the said casing of a liquid under pressure through the lower part of a distributing
cock, whilst the liquid in the cylinder is expelled by the movement of the paddle
and escapes from the anterior part of the said cock or other distributing device,
the reversing of the distributing cock or the like being effected by toothed sectors
with lever and counterpoise and a pointer with stops, substantially as described.
Second. In the said apparatus, the arrangement of a conical distributing plug
moving freely in its shell, and provided with apertures, substantially as described
for the purpose specified.
Third. In the said apparatus, when the same is to be used as a pump or motor
the use of a bevel wheel with a stop s and lugs t gearing with the bevel-wheels q
having teeth upon only one half of their periphery, all arranged in such a manner
as to produce a uniform and continuous movement and to perinit the engagement of
at least three teeth with the wheel 7, substantially as described with reference to
Figures 7 and 8 of the drawings for the purpose specified.
Fourth. In the said apparatus arranged to serve as a meter, the combination, with
the pointer fixed on the axis of the paddle, of a dial designed to indicate the fractions
of litres or other measures of capacity which are not indicated on the dials of the
meter.
Fifth. In the said apparatus arranged to serve as a meter, the combination of the
various parts of the apparatus substantially as above described and for the purposes
specified.
In witness whereof I the said Henry Harris Lake have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Twenty first day of May in the year of our Lord
one thousand eight hundred and eighty three.