IMPROVIMENTS IN LECTRIC ARC LAMPS
Year: 1885

page_text: "
I, PETER JENSEN, Fel Inst PA of 33 Chancery Line in the County of
Middlesex do hereby declare the nature of said invention for "IMPROVIMENTS IN
LECTRIC ARC LAMPS (a communication to me from abroad by Valorian V
Golitzni-ky, Hereditary Nobleman and Paul O Rymascheffysky Retired Sub-
lieutenant Imperial Russian Army both of Kazan Street Suchtchevo, h Sbuck,
Moscow Russia) to be as follows
-
This invention is for a new differential electric arc limp
On the upper surface of a brass foundation plate we mounted a double or upper
and lower solenoid There is also a standard through which goes a rack to the
lower end of which is fixed the upper carbon holder and another standard which
together with the before mentioned standard carries a horizontal shaft onto which
is fixed a large locking wheel the periphery of which is provided with pawl teeth,
a fly wheel and a pinion which gears with the before mentioned rack
On the lower solenoid is wound thick wire and on the other thin wire and both
are fixed on a brass tube (which is mounted on the foundation plate) Inside this
tube there is an iron tube which is hung up by means of a helical spring which is
free to move in the tube and upper end of which spring is connected to a rod
which goes through a metal stopper to the tube and is there fixed by means of a
set screw
The lower end of the spring 18 connected to an eye at the lower end of
the iron tube Two longitudinal slots are made in the brass tube between the two
solenoids in which slots slide the ends of two screws which go through the ends
of a fork and take into suitable holes or indentations in the iron tube This fork
18 on a lever which is mounted on the last described standard At a distance of a
third of the length of the lever from the fulcrum 18 fixed a small plate made of
bone to the end of which a latch or pawl is vertically suspended T'his latch
consists of three parts namely a middle part of bone and two end parts of metal
The upper part of the latch has a small piece of platinum inlaid therein which
has a square hole in it and is hung up in a fork like slot in the small bone plate

page_text: and by these holes can turn freely on a platinum pin which forms the end of a
screw which goes through the ends of the fork like slot.
The lower part of the latch is mounted to a frame fixed to another standard
The left side of this part of the latch has peculiarly curved form, so that the
latch cannot come out of the toothed part of the wheel whilst it turns the locking!
wheel downwards because the curved surface of the same lays itself on the wire
soldered on the end of a spring and pressed against two pegs by this spring
This
On the right side of the fork is fixed a peg, which engages with a friction
arrangement when the lever moves back about a third of its whole lift
friction arrangement consists of a spring on which is hung a small weighted plate,
the edge of which is cut slanting at the beginning but after that according to the
curve of the movement of the peg
In cases where the dynamo electric machine cannot give an even current the
spring locking appliance may be substituted by a glycerine or air pump in lamps
for a constant current
The winding of the lower solenoid differs to a certain extent from that usually
employed.
The outer (fourth) layer is so arranged that an eye is made on every winding or
turn and the insulation is removed from these eyes or loops. If a clamp connected
to a flexible conductor is led from one loop to another a greater or less number of
windings of the last layer of the solenoid may be inserted in a shunt and thereby
regulate its working
The remaining parts of the lamp, the carbon holders, contacts globe & may be
constructed as usual. One of the terminal screw contacte is quite insulated, the
other is only insulated from the foundation plate and is mettalically connected to
the frame of the lower carbon holder
The following conductors lead from the first named terminal screw namely, a
flexible conductor to the before mentioned clamp on the lower solenoid, a wire of
the winding of the lower solenoid the other end of which is connected to the
foundation plate, and lastly a wire to a metal plate and from there to the bottom
coil of the upper solenoid the other end of which is by a wire connected to a screw
on the bone plate from which the latch or pawl 18 suspended.
Another flexible conductor goes from the upper part of the latch to a plato
which is connected to the other terminal screw There is a spring contact which
18 fixed to the first named metal plate This contact will be pressed on to the
secondly named plate at the end of the stroke or path of the rack by means of a
contact fixed to the upper end of said rack.
The lamp works as follows
-
The weight of the rack acting on the pinion overcomes the action which the
weight of the latch and the lever and iron tube exercises on the locking wheel
inasmuch as a great part of the weight of the iron tube is counterbalanced by the
helical spring By this means the carbons will always touch each other, and if
they do not do this the rack sinks to its lowest position because the last mentioned
contacts touch and thereby make contact with the second metal plate which in
passing forms a shunt circuit between the terminal screws to the windings of the
solenoids.
When the carbons are adjusted and a current is sent through, the greatest part
of same goes through the windings of the lower solenoid, the foundation plate and
the carbons, and only a very unimportant part (about in a lamp for alternating
currents and in a lamp with a constant current) goes through the windings of
the upper solenoid
In consequence of the overpowering action of the current in the lower solenoid,
the iron tube is drawn downwards, whereby the latch takes into a tooth in the
locking wheel turns the same to the left releases itself from the friction arrangement
and removes the carbons about 1 millimetre from each other In this manner a
voltaic arc is obtained. According to the burning of the carbons, the resistance of
the are increases and at the same time also the strength of the current in the

page_text: windings of the upper solenoid, whereby the iron tube lifts and the carbons
approach each other
When the iron tube has been raised so far that the latch
bears against the right side of the little frame on which it is mounted, then the
gearing tooth of the locking or pawl wheel will in the further lifting slide on the
lower steel surface of the pawl will lift it momentarily and then move freely to the
left But in the next moment the pawl will meet the next following tooth as
the pawl drops by its own weight. The platinum part of the pawl will separate
from the platinum point of the screw and at once breaks the circuit of the upper
solenoid Hence the iron tube will also tend downwards and moves the lever until
the platinum point meets the platinum piece in the pawl When the latter has
stopped the comparatively slow movement of the locking wheel (because of the
fly wheel) it stops as soon as the peg on the lever meets the weight of the friction
appliance
The equilibrium between the actions of the currents in the solenoids will thereby
be restored again
As soon as it is disturbed again the aforesaid action 18 repented
and continues until the contact on the rack meets the contact on the lower solenoid.
In that moment the coils of the lower solenoid are thrown into a shunt, the action
of the upper solenoid becomes predominating, the non tube lifts and the liberated
locking wheel allows the rack to drop so far that the spring contact on the lower
solenoid 18 pressed against the small plate thus establishing as stated direct
communication between the terminals and cutting out the lamp from the circuit.
In lamps intended for places exposed to vibration, such as railway stations a
modified form of pawl may be used In this the lower part consists of a fork
between the prongs of which a pawl tooth formed with a laterally projecting
slanting lever is movably connected When this lever bears against the side of
the small frame wherein the pawl moves, it alters the inclination of the pawl tooth
relatively to the teeth in the locking wheel by the movement of the pawl Towards
the end of the lift of the pawl the pawl tooth stands almost tangential to the wheel
and liberates that tooth on which at rests and catches the next following The
action of this pawl in regulating is the same as the one described

page_text: Improvements in Electrio Arc Lamps
"
I PETER JENSEN Fel Inst PA of 33 Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ELECTRIC ARC IAMPS (a communication to me from abroad by Valerian
▼ Golitzinsky, Hereditary Nobleman, and Paul Ọ Rymascheffsky, Retired Sub-
lieutenant Imperial Russian Army, both of Kazan Street, Suchtchevo, h Sbuck,
Moscow, Russia) and in what manner the same is to be performed] to be par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
This invention 18 for a new differential electric arc lamp which is shown on the
accompanying drawings illustrating the whole construction, as well as the most
important details
1
Figure 1 shows a front view of the lamp, Figure 2 is a side elevation of same
Figure 3 a plan of the regulating lever O, Figure 4 shows the latch R of the
locking arrangement, Figure 5 is a front view of the whole lamp (to a smaller
scale), Figure 6 longitudinal section of the movable tube like core Ĥ of the electro-
magnets, Figure 7 horizontal section of the lower electro-magnet, Figure 8 plan 1
of a part of the locking arrangement, Figure 9 a modification of the saine On
the upper surface of a brass foundation plate A (Fig 1) is mounted a double or
upper and lower solenoid B Z There is also a standard C through which goes
a rack K¹ to the lower end of which is fixed the upper carbon holder and another
standard D which together with the before mentioned standard C carries
horizontal shaft on to which is fixed a large locking wheel g the periphery of
which is provided with pawl teeth, a fly wheel M and a pinion F which gears with
the before mentioned rack K'
On the lower solenoid B is wound thick wire and on the other Z, thin wire,
and both are fixed on a brass tube H (which is mounted on the foundation
plate A) Inside this tube (Fig 6) there is an iron tube J which is hung up by
means of a helical spring which is free to move in the tube and the upper end of
which spring is connected to a rod L which goes through a metal stopper N to the
tube and is there fixed by means of a set screw The lower end of the spring is
connected to an eye K at the lower end of the iron tube J Two longitudinal
slots are made in the brass tube H between the two solenoids in which slots slide
the ends of two screws q', q' (Figs 1 and 3) which go through the ends of a fork Я
and take into holes or indentations in the iron tube J This fork 9 18 on a lever o
(Fig 3) which is mounted on the last described standard D at o¹, o¹ At a distance
of a third of the length of the lever from the fulcrum is fixed a small plate P made
of bone (Figs 1, 2 and 3), to the end of which a latch or pawl R (Figs. 1, 2 and 4)
18 vertically suspended This latch consists of three parts, namely a middle part
of bone and two end parts of metal.
The upper part of the latch R has a small piece of platinum inlaid therein which
has a square hole in it (Fig. 4) and is hung up in a fork like slot in the small bone
•

page_text: plate P (Figs 1 and 3) and can turn freely on a platinum pin which forms the end
of a screw b which goes through the ends of the fork like slot
The lower part of the latch R is inserted in a frame h fixed to another standard f
The left side (Fig 2) of this part of the latch has a peculiarly curved form, so that
the latch R cannot come out of the toothed part of the wheel whilst it turns the
locking wheel g downwards because the curved surface of the same lays itself on
the wire soldered on the end of a spring d which wire is pressed against two pegs
(Fig 8) by the spring itself
On the right side of the fork 9 is fixed a peg &, which engages with a friction
appliance when the lever o moves down about a third of its whole lift. This
friction arrangement consists of a spring y on which is hung a small weighted
plate, the edge of which is cut slanting at the beginning, but after that according
to the curve of the movement of the peg = (Fig 2)
In cases where the dynamo electric machine cannot give an even current, the
spring locking appliance may be substituted by a glycerine or air pump in lamps
for a constant current
The winding of the lower solenoid B differs to a certain extent from that usually
employed The outer (fourth) layer is so arranged that an eye is made on every
winding or turn and the insulation is removed from these eyes or loops (Figs. 1
and 7) If a clamp E connected to a flexible conductor 18 led from one loop to
another, a greater or less number of windings of the last layer of the solenoid B
may be inserted in a shunt and thereby regulate its working
The remaining parts of the lamp as shown in Figure 5, the carbon holders,
terminals, globe, etc may be constructed as usual One of the terminal screws Q
(Fig 1) is quite insulated, the other S is only insulated from the foundation plate A
and is metallically connected to the frame of the lower carbon holder
Three conductors lead from the first named terminal screw, namely, firstly a
flexible conductor to the before mentioned clamp E on the lower solenoid B Fig 1,
secondly a wire a of the winding of the lower solenoid B (Fig 1) the other end of
which is connected to the foundation plate A, and lastly a wire c to a metal plate m
and from here to the bottom coil of the upper solenoid Z the other end of which is
by a wire connected to a screw b on the bone plate P from which the latch 01
pawl R is suspended
of the latch R to a plate n
There is a spring contact
Another flexible conductor goes from the upper part
Fig 1 which is connected to the other terminal screw S
which is fixed to the plate m This contact will be pressed on to the plate n at
the end of the stroke or path of the rack K¹ by means of a contact t fixed to the
upper end of said rack.
The lamp works as follows
The weight of the rack K¹ acting on the pinion F overcomes the action which
the weight of the latch R and the lever O and iron tube J exercise on the locking
wheel ginasmuch as a great part of the weight of the iron tube J is counter-
balanced by the helical spring By this means the carbons will always touch each
other and if they do not do this the rack sinks to its lowest position and the last
mentioned contacts t and r touch and make contact with the second metal plate n
and form a shunt circuit between the terminal screws Q and S
When the carbons are adjusted and a current is sent through, the greatest part
of same goes through the windings of the lower solenoid B, the foundation plate A
and the carbons, and only a very unimportant part (about 6 in a lamp for
alternating currents and in a lamp with a constant current) goes through the
winding of the upper solenoid Z vız by the way Q c m b n S
In consequence of the overpowering action of the current in the lower solenoid B,
the iron tube J is drawn downwards, whereby the latch R takes into a tooth in
the locking wheel g turns the same to the left, releases itself from the friction

page_text: arrangement and removes the carbons about 1 millimetre from each other
In this manner a voltaic arc is obtained According to the burning of the
carbons the resistance of the arc increases and at the same time also the
strength of the current in the windings of the upper solenoid Z whereby the
iron tube J lifts and the carbons approach each other When the iron tube J
has been raised so far that the latch R bears against the right side of the
little frame h on which it is mounted, then the gearing tooth of the locking or
pawl wheel g will in the further lifting slide on the lower steel surface of
the pawl, will lift it momentarily and then move freely to the left But in the
next moment the pawl R will meet the next following tooth as the pawl drops
by its own weight The platinum part of the pawl will by the fall of the
pawl separate from the platinum point of the screw b and for a moment breaks
the circuit of the upper solenoid Z As the aforesaid platinum part passes loosely
through the square opening in the pawl R there will only be contact in the
extreme positions of the pawl But in the moment in which this pawl begins to
fall, the contact between the platinum pait and the square opening in the pawl R
also ceases and the current 18 interupted Hence the iron tube J will also tend
downwards and move the lever O until the platinum point meets the platinum
piece in the pawl When the latter has stopped the comparatively slow movement
of the locking wheel g (because of the flywheel M) it also itself comes to a stop as
soon as the peg & on the lever meets the weight of the friction appliance
The equilibrium between the actions of the currents in the solenoids will thereby
be restored again As soon as it is disturbed again the aforesaid action is repeated
and it thus continues until the contact t on the rack meets the contact on the
lower solenoid In that moment the coils of the lower solenoid B are thrown into
a shunt, the action of the upper solenoid Z becomes greatly predominating, the iron
tube J lifts and the liberated locking wheel g allows the rack K³ to drop so far that
the spring contact r on the lower solenoid is pressed against the small plate n thus
establishing as stated direct communication between the terminals and cutting out
the lamp from the circuit
In lamps intended for places exposed to vibration such as railway stations a
modified form of pawl such as shown in Fig 9 may be used In this the lower
part consists of a fork between the prongs of which a pawl tooth formed with a
laterally projecting slanting lever P¹ is movably connected When this lever bears
against the side of the small frame h wherein the pawl moves it alters the inclina-
tion of the pawl tooth relatively to the teeth in the locking wheel g by the
movement of the pawl Towards the end of the lift of the pawl the pawl tooth
stands almost tangential to the wheel and liberates that tooth on which it rests and
catches the next following The action of the pawl in regulating is the same as
the one described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim as the invention communicated to me is
First. The mode of action of the pawl latch R on the pawl wheel g or exercising
three functions viz that of moderating the falling of the rod when there is no
current, that of separating carbon points for striking the arc, and that of releasing
the pawl wheel to the extent of one tooth only in the act of regulating which
1s attained by a momentary interruption of the current in the coil of the
solenoid Z
Second. The mode of freely suspending the pawl latch R by means of a platinum
part thereon and a platinum peg so that the current is interrupted by the free fall
of the pawl latch
Third Counterbalancing the greater part of the weight of the tube J by means
of a long helical spring which passes through it whereby an even action is obtained.

page_text: and the friction on the gudgeons of the lever o and in the slots in the tube J 18
almost done away with
Fourth The mode of regulating the action of the solenoid B through a derived
circuit by means of the clamp E and the eyes arranged on the last solenoid coils
Fifth The friction appliance x which obviates the oscillation of the lever o by
the current interruptions in the upper solenoid
Sixth. The pawl latch shown at Fig 9
Seventh The combination of parts forming the improved electric lamp as
described with reference to the drawings