Im- PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND RECOVERY OF METALLURGICAL PRODUCTS, HERTAD TOPI
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Julian Bernard, of Salisbury Street, Strand, in
the County of Middlesex, Gentlemen, for the Invention of “Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND RECOVERY OF METALLURGICAL PRODUCTS,
HERTAD TOPI
"
Sealed the 22nd November 1870, and dated the 26th May 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Julian Bernard at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 26th May 1870.
I, JULIAN BERNARD, of Salisbury Street, Strand, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND RECOVERY OF METALLURGICAL
PRODUCTS AND IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to the condensation and recovery of the smoke,
vapour, or fumes produced by metal or metallic products when sub-
jected to heat for various purposes, such as calcining, smelting, or
refining.

page_text: It also relates to a method and means of recovering such condensed
metallurgical products deposited in flues or condensing chambers.
In carrying out this Invention I pass the fumes or products to be
condensed through filters either in a dry or wet state, or submerged in
water, as herein-after described, and which may be carried into effect by
either of the following or similar arrangements:-
"
I form a chamber or enclosed space in communication with the
furnace and flues to be employed, in which I place and arrange one or
more screens or "frames," so that when the fumes to be condensed
are forced or drawn through the chambered condenser by any convenient
exhausting or forcing machine such as are employed for extracting
gas, the vapour to be condensed is made to pass through the material
forming the frame or screen, which will have the effect of condensing
or depositing the vapour thereon. These screens or frames are covered
with a porous or perforated fabric or netting, which may be composed
of wire, yarn, wickerwork, or other suitable material. I form and con-
struct the condensing chamber with recesses and several outlets and
inlets communicating with the flues and chimney or extractor, as the
case may be, by making the walls, bottom, or other parts of such
chambers double so as to leave spaces or chambers therein. In some
instances I keep the screens wet by means of a perforated pipe, which
pipe may be supplied from any convenient source. To prevent these
screens from getting clogged or choked by the condensed fume an
intermittent jerking motion is imparted to them by means of an
excentric or cam actuated by any convenient prime mover or source of
motion.
The following is an apparatus and arrangement which I employ for
some description of fumes, such as those of silver, lead, and blend :--
I insert or secure one or more of the filtering screens already described
in a pipe or case, and place such combined parts in a cistern of water.
The fumes to be condensed are either drawn or forced through this
apparatus while immersed, and made to pass through the filter while
submerged in the water in minute streams or currents, the effect of
which will be very perfect condensation. The same description of
exhauster as that aleady referred to is applicable to this apparatus.
In this condenser provision is made for the products being deposited in
pits or chambers in connection therewith.

page_text: In order to remove and recover the condensed fume from the flues or
chambers in which it is deposited I employ a scraper which may be
mounted on wheels or moved on rails, grooves, or supports placed in
the said flues, and to this scraper I attach an endless or other rope or
chain, such rope or chain being secured to or connected with a revolving
drum to which a slow winding motion is imparted, and by which motion
the apparatus is drawn through and along the flue, and carries the
accumulated deposit with it. Sunk pits or receptacles are formed in
the flue or at its ends, into which the scraper and carriage or apparatus
is emptied, the carriage or the bottom thereof being placed upon a
centre or hinge, by which it is enabled to partially turn or tip over when
passing over these pits by coming in contact with a projecting incline
in its track. By this means tho necessity for the entrance of the work-
men into the flues for the purpose of cleaning them as heretofore is
entirely obviated.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said Julian Bernard in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 26th November 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JULIAN
BERNARD, of Salisbury Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of May, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the
thirty-third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Julian Bernard, Her special license
that I, the said Julian Bernard, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Julian Bernard, my executors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE TREATMENT AND RECOVERY OF METALLURGICAL PRODUCTS, AND IN THE
MEANS AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst

page_text: others) that I, the said Julian Bernard, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Julian Bernard, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My said Invention relates to the condensation and recovery of the
smoke, vapour, or fumes produced by metal or metallic products when
subjected to heat for various purposes, such as calcining, smelting, or
refining.
In carrying out this Invention I pass the fumes or products to be
condensed through filters either in a dry or wet state, or submerged in
water, as herein-after described, and which may be carried into effect by
either of the following or similar arrangements :—
I form a chamber or enclosed space in communication with the furnace
and flues to be employed, in which I place and arrange one or more
"screens" or "frames" of any desired shape, so that when the fumes to be
condensed are forced or drawn through the chambered condenser by any
convenient exhausting or forcing machine the vapour to be condensed is
made to pass through the material forming the frame or screen, which will
have the effect of condensing or depositing the vapour thereon. These
screens or frames are covered with a porous or perforated fabric or netting
which may be composed of wire, yarn, wickerwork, or other suitable
material. I form and construct the condensing chamber with several
outlets and inlets communicating with the flues and chimney or extractor,
as the case may be, by making the walls, bottom, or other parts of such
chambers double. In some instances I keep the screens wet by means
of a perforated pipe, which pipe may be supplied from any convenient
source. To prevent these screens from getting clogged or choked by the
condensed fume an intermittent jerking motion is imparted to them by
means of an excentric or cam actuated by any convenient prime mover
or source of motion.
The following is an apparatus and arrangement which I employ for
some description of fumes such as those of silver, lead, and blend. I

page_text: insert or secure one or more of the filtering screens already described in
a pipe or case and place such combined parts in a cistern of water. The
fumes to be condensed are either drawn or forced through this apparatus
while immersed and made to pass through the filter while submerged
in the water in minute streams or currents, the effect of which will be
very perfect condensation. The same description of exhauster as that
already referred to is applicable to this apparatus.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose
shall refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings, the
same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the
corresponding Figures.
Figure 1 of my Drawings is a sectional elevation, and Figure 2 a
horizontal section of my apparatus for condensing metallic fume or
vapour. Figure 2 is a plan of the top of the filter. Figure 3 is an
clevation, partly in section, shewing a modification of the improved
condenser and its application to a horizontal flue; and Figure 4 is an
clevation partly in section of another modification of condenser.
A (Figures 1 and 2) represents the wall of a chamber surrounded by
a flue B and having several openings 1, 1, made in it communicating
with the enclosed space C in which the condensation is effected. D
represents the main flue through which the fume or vapour to be con-
densed is conveyed from the furnace into the flue B and into the main
space C. E is the outlet flue communicating with the pipe F. G
represents the filters medium through which the fumes drawn from C
into the space H, and hence through the pipe F and outlet fluc E
to the exhausting or extracting machine of any convenient or well-
known arrangement. I, I, are pipes for conveying water under
pressure, and which contain minute perforations on the inner side for
the purposes of projecting water on to the filters. These pipes com-
municate through the branches K, K, with any convenient main source
of supply. L represents an annular cistern furnished with two outlet
cocks, one for the purpose of preventing its overflowing and the other
for the purpose of conveying the condensed product of F ume into a
settling tank or pit which is placed in any convenient position outside
the building and at a lower level than the cistern L. The filters G are
secured to circular M, as shewn at Figure 2ª,
several
H
N to prevent the collapsing there are several cords or rope O

page_text: attached to them for the purpose of increasing their strength and bearing
the weight. The filters. are kept distended in a vertical direction by
having a metal ring P secured round their lower ends whi thereby ensuring
their immersion in the cistern L. The whole of the combined filter is
suspended from the cross girder Q or other convenient support, as shewn
clearly in Figure 1. R, R, are bolts which serve to secure the separate
parts of the combined filter together, as also shewn in Figure 1, which
arrangement affords facility for readily combining together any desired
number of parts or thicknesses of filtering medium.
In Figure 3 I have shewn the application of my system of filters to a
horizontal flue. a represents the wall of the flue; b, the casing of the
filter; and G, G, the filtering media secured in the form of a partition or
diaphragm extending across the flue as shewn, the filtering medium
being attached to a frame which is secured in position by bolts c as
shewn. A pipe I perforated on the side next the diaphragm serves to
saturate or moisten the same as already described in reference to
Figure 1. Another pipe (not shewn in my Drawings) serves to connect
the interior of the casing 6 with a tank or cistern outside the flue into
which the condensed products are conveyed.
Figure 4 represents the application of my filters submerged. G, G,
are the filters which are secured inside the cylindrical chamber A as
shewn. B is the pipe connected with any suitable forcing apparatus
and with the flue containing the fumes, through which pipe B the fume
is forced into and through the said chamber which is filled or partly
filled with water. C is the outlet pipe for the escape of the gas or such
fumes as may not be condensed, which pipe communicates with any
ordinary flue opening into the atmosphere; D is a water supply pipe;
and E, E, are pipes for carrying off the products to any convenient
cistern or tank. Although I prefer to use the filtering media in a wet
state they may in some cases be used with advantage although not so
effectively in a dry state.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of
my said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may
be used or carried into efféct, I would observe in conclusion that what I
consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention:
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. The condensation of the smoke, vapour, or fumes produced from
metals or metallic products when subjected to heat, by causing them to

page_text: pass through one or more filtering media arranged and constructed
substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein-before described
and illustrated by Figures 1, 2, and 2*.
Second. The application and use of a chamber enclosing the said
filters as and for the purpose herein-before described and illustrated by
Figures 1 and 2 of my Drawings.
Third. The combination of two or more diaphragms or filtering media
arranged and operating substantially in the manner and for the purpose
herein-before described and illustrated by Figures 3 and 4 of my
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Julian Bernard, have to this my
Specification set my hand and seal, the Twenty-sixth day of
November, One thousand eight hundred and seventy.