In- PROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer and Patent Agent, for the Invention of "In-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING MOTIVE
POWER." A communication from abroad by Constant Jouffroy Dumery,
Engineer, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
November 1864.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING MOTIVE
POWER," to be as follows:-
Steam generators are used for a variety of purposes, but have for their
principal object the production of steam in apparatus at once compact, light,
and of little cost.
For many years past attempts have been made to produce motive power
under the best conditions by utilizing the expansion of air either alone or com-
bined with steam.
According to the present Invention I employ both agents not however for
the direct prolaction of motive power, but using one agent as an auxiliary to
[Price 8d.]

page_text: the other in order to separate the principal producer from all secondary
services, and place it in the best condition for transforming and utilizing the
heat developed by the furnace. Thus the power developed by the expansion
of air may in its passage through the furnace serve principally for effecting
the auxiliary services of the generator, such as,
1st., the passage of the air through the fuel, that is to say, the introduction
and expulsion of the air necessary for combustion.
2ndly, for feeding the boiler with water.
3rdly, for introducing and effecting the mechanical ascension of the fuel for
the regular supply of the furnace.
4thly., for effecting the circulation of air and water necessary for the partial
surface condensation of the steam.
5thly, for agitating or rather producing a circulation of the water in the
boiler for the more prompt and complete extraction of the heat from the
surfaces in contact with the products of combustion.
6thly, for conveying the waste heat of the gases which ordinarily pass off at
the chimney at any point where it may be utilized.
Lastly, in all purposes where it would be of advantage to render it indepen-
dent of the principal motor or for working the accessory parts of same.
I will now proceed to give an example of the application of this Invention,
the parts being separated in order to render the principle better understood as
in practice they would be differently arranged.
Fig. 1 of the annexed Drawing represents a vertical section of the apparatus,
and Fig. 2 a horizontal section of same through the furnace, and partly
through: the boiler and fuel chamber. The letters apply to both Figures in
this case... A, generator of any suitable form: B, combustion chamber of
the gases; C. tubular part; C', circular water partition connecting the
boiler A. with the tubular part C. it is closed at X and opens at Y into
the tubular part; D, overflow tube of the upper feed for maintaining the
water in the tubular part C at a higher level than that in the generator A;
E large cylinder receiving the heated air after it has traversed the internal
surfaces of the boiler: F. small cylinder for introducing cold compressed air
beneath the furnace G.; H, closed ash-pit: I. circular inclined planes for
raising the fuel; J, toothed ring for working the inclined planes: K, pinions,
three in number, employed for preventing friction in the working of ring J, so
as to ensure the regular rotation of same; L, feed aperture closed at L'; M,
fuel chamber or reservoir; N and N', sliding doors opening alternately to
dispose the fuel in chamber N, and thence to L: O. fresh air inlet; Q lower
toothed wheel working the pinions K of the ring J; it will be understood that

page_text: this wheel can be replaced by coupling rods or by an endless chain; R,
connecting rod of the feed pump: S, crank of pumps more especially to
maintain the circulation of the current in the interior of the generator; T,.
furnace door; U, escape aperture and valve of the dilated air; V, shaft.
transmitting movement to ring J; Fig. 3 arrangement of the safety door of
the induction port or door T; A, bar, by the aid of which the door U, Fig. 1, is
actuated; B, prolongation of bar A, preventing the opening of the door T,
Fig. 1, before the air has escaped by escape door U; C", crank arm actuating
the lever U, Fig. 1, by means of a rod. It will be understood from this that
the door cannot be opened while pressure exists in the combustion chamber,
there is therefore no danger of burning the attendant.
Fig. 4, vertical section of the service door; A, opening to permit of the
examination of the fire without opening the door; B, stirrer introduced in the
furnace during the pressure; C, sphere, through which the stirrer B enters, and
permitting this latter to assume all the inclinations required; D, support of the
sphere fixed to the door; E, counter weighted lever intended to place the
stirrer in a position to intercept all communication between the interior of the
coinbustion chamber and the exterior air.
Fig. 5, front view of the inspection passages; Fig. 6, horizontal section, and
Fig. 7 side view of same. The same letters apply to these three Figures.
'
A, place of inspection; B, rotating disc with two glasses placing themselves
alternately in front of the aperture A; D, face turned or surfaced against
which the disc B works, and which prevents the air escaping during its rotation.
The advantages resulting from this arrangement are as follows:-The same
quantity of fuel with the combustion under pressure can be consumed on a much
smaller area of furnace bars, while the quantity of fuel consumed on the same
area of furnace bars, being much more considerable, the intensity of the heat
will be much increased. The quantity of heat absorbed by the metal being in
proportion to the distribution of the temperature between the body which
emits, and that which receives it, the quantity of heat transmitted will be
greater for the same heating surface or the same for a smaller heating surface.
The surfaces may thus be reduced to a considerable extent while producing the
same amount of heat, and the generating apparatus can be considerably reduced
in weight. The forced circulation of water in the interior of the boiler
facilitates the abstraction of the heat from the sides of the same. The fresh
air introduced under pressure will acquire by the compression itself by virtue
of the mechanical equivalent for heat a temperature which should be reckoned
as a source of economy.in production. The cold air under pressure on.its exit.
from the apparatus only loses in the air at the atmospheric pressure, a quantity

page_text: of heat which is so much the less in proportion as the pressure is increased.
The air thus expelled at a temperature of about 212 Fahrenheit, although the
temperature of the heated body be higher, being of no use to determine the
draft necessary for the combustion, but on the contrary forced out by com-
pression may be utilized as a means of heating for domestic and other purposes.
The pressure brought to bear in some engines on the back of the piston for
producing an artificial draft being no longer necessary, all the power developed
by the steam can be completely utilized. All these advantages assist in pro-
ducing at same time both a reduction in the weight of the generator and an
economy in the cost of the steam. The reduction of weight in this improved
generator has for object the production of an active combustion at an elevated
temperature in the interior of the furnace; increasing the density of the
circulating gases; the production of a forced circulation of the gases in tubes
of the smallest diameter; a reduction in the thickness of metal as a
consequence of the reduced size of the apparatus; the prompt and easy
abstraction of the heat by the forced circulation of the water in the boiler;
the abstraction of the heat from the gases while they are compressed.
The method of producing combustion by the introduction of a forced current
of air permits of considerably reducing the size of the combustion chamber.
Concerning the special working of the air engine the advantages they present
as applied in the manner herein-before stated are,-
1st, in never introducing the gases into the cylinders at a temperature above
400 or 500 degrees, as the passage through the tubes is a guarantee for their
reduction to that temperature or even lower if thought necessary.
2ndly, in never admitting an oxidizing mixture into the engine, the feed
arrangement only causing a discharge of carbonic acid, and rather inclining to
the production of oxide than free oxygen.
3rdly, in further preventing the cylinders from becoming coated with hydro-
c.::burets that escape during the combustion, the fuel supply arrangement
preventing any result of this kind.
.
4thly, in enabling the combustion to be overlooked when desired by the
peculiar arrangement of the furnace and inspection orifice which may also be
readily cleaned while working.
The principal features of this Invention are, the combination of steam and
compressed air with independent generators, the motive power not mixing or
combining till after their separate production; combining a combustion under
pressure with the ascensional supply of the fuel as also the improved mechanism
for raising the fuel; the application of motive power obtained by the expan-
sion of air for effecting all the auxiliary services of the engine; the artificial

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
10th May 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer and
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Iler Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me
the said William Clark, Her special licence that I, the said William Clark,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING MOTIVE POWER," a communication to me
from abroad by Constant Jouffroy Dumery, Engineer, of 29, Boulevart St.
Martin, Paris, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William
Clark, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascer
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Clark, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention. and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement. reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
Steam generators are used for a variety of purposes but have for their
principal object the production of steam in apparatus at once light, compact,
and of little cost.

page_text: For many years past attempts have been made to produce motive power
under the best conditions by utilizing the expansion of air either alone or com-
bined with steam.
According to the present invention I employ both agents, not however for
the direct production of motive power, but using one agent as an auxiliary to
the other, in order to separate the principal producer from all its secondary
services and place it in the best condition for transforming and utilizing the
heat developed by the furnace. Thus the power developed by the expansion of
the air in its passage through the furnace, may serve principally for effecting
the auxiliary services of the generator such as-
1st, for passing air through the fuel. that is. the introduction and ex-
pulsion of the air necessary for combustion.
2ndly, for feeding the boiler.
3rdly, for introducing and effecting the mechanical ascension of the fuel for
the regular supply of the furnace.
4thly, for effecting the circulation of air and water necessary for the partial
surface condensation of the steam.
5thly, for agitating or rather producing the circulation of the water in the
boiler for the more prompt and complete extraction of the heat from the surfaces
in contact with the products of combustion.
6thly, for conveying the waste heat of the gases which ordinarily pass off at
the chimney to any point where it may be utilized.
Lastly, in all purposes where it would be of advantage to render it indepen-
dent of the principal motor, or for working the accessory parts of same.
I will now proceed to give an example of the application of this Invention,
the parts being separated in order to render the principle better understood, as
in practice they would be differently arranged.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 represents a vertical section of the apparatus, and Fig. 2 a horizontal
section of same through the fire-box, and partly through the boiler and fuel
chamber.
The letters apply to both Figures. A, generator of any suitable form; B,
combustion chamber of the gases; C, tubular part; C', circular water partition
connecting the boiler A to the tubular part C, it is closed at X, and opens at
Y into the tubular part; D. overflow tube of the upper feed for maintaining
the water in the tubular part C at a higher level than in the generator A; E,
large cylinder receiving the hot air after it has traversed the internal surfaces
of the boiler; F, small cylinder for introducing cold compressed air beneath the

page_text: furnace G; H, closed ash-pit; I, circular inclined planes for raising the fuel; J,
toothed ring for working the inclined planes; K, pinions, three in number, em-
ployed for preventing friction in the working of ring J. so as to ensure the regular
rotation of same: L, feed aperture closed at L': M. fuel chamber or reservoir;
N, N', sliding plates or doors opening alternately to admit the fuel into chamber
M, and thence to L; O, inlet for fresh air; P, inclined bars; Q. lower toothed
wheel working the pinions K of ring J; it will be understood that this wheel
may be replaced by coupling rods, or by an endless chain; R, connecting rod
of feed pump; S, crank of pumps serving more especially to maintain the circu-
lation of the current in the interior of the generator; T. induction port; U, escape
aperture and valve of the dilated air: V, shaft, transmitting movement to ring;
J, Fig. 3, represents the arrangement of the safety door of induction port T;
A, bar by the aid of which the door U, Fig. 1, is actuated: B, prolongation of
bar A, for preventing the opening of the induction port T, Fig. 1, before the
air has escaped by door U; C, crank arm acting on door U, Fig. 1, by means
of rod D.
It will be understood from this that the door cannot be opened while pressure
exists in the combustion chamber, there is therefore no danger of being
burnt.
Fig. 4 vertical section of the induction port or opening A, to permit of the
examination of the fire without opening the door; B, poker introduced in the
furnace during the pressure; C, sphere, through which the poker B enters, and
permitting this latter to assume all the inclinations required; D, support of the
sphere fixed to door: E. counterweighted lever, intended to place the poker in
a position to intercept all communication between the interior of the combus-
tion chamber and the exterior air.
Fig. 5 is a front view of the inspection passages, Fig. 6 a horizontal section,
and Fig. 7 side view of same.
The same letters apply to these three Figures. A, place of inspection; B,
rotating disc with two glasses C, which are applied, alternately in front of
aperture A; D. face turned or surfaced against which the disc B works, and
which prevents the air escaping during the rotation. The advantages resulting
quantity of fuel with the
from this arrangement are as follows:-The same
combustion under pressure can be consumed on a much smaller area of furnace
bars, while the quantity of fuel consumed on the same area of furnace bars
being much more considerable the intensity of the heat will be much increased.
The quantity of heat absorbed by the metal being in proportion to the dis-
tribution of the temperature between the body which emits, and that which
receives it, the sum of the heat transmitted will be greater for the same heating

page_text: surface, or the same for a smaller heating surface. The surfaces may thus be
reduced to a considerable extent while producing the same amount of heat,
and the generating apparatus can be considerably reduced in weight: The
forced circulation of water in the interior of the boiler facilitates the abstraction
of the heat from the sides of the boiler. The fresh air introduced under
pressure will also acquire by the compression itself, which is a mechanical
equivalent to the heat, a temperature which should be reckoned as a source of
economy in production. The cold air under pressure on its exit from the
apparatus only loses in the air at the atmospheric pressure an amount of heat
decreasing in proportion as the pressure increases. The air thus expelled at a
temperature of about 212 degrees Fahrenheit (although the temperature of the
heated body be higher) being of no use to determine the draft necessary for
the combustion, but on the contrary being forced out by compression may be
utilized as a means of heating for domestic and other purposes. The pressure
brought to bear in some engines on the back of the piston for producing an
artificial draft being no longer necessary, all the power developed by the steam
can be completely utilized.
All these advantages assist in producing at same time both a reduction in
the weight of the generator, and an economy in the cost of the steam. The
reduction of weight in this improved generator has for object the production of
an active combustion at an elevated temperature in the interior of the furnace;
increasing the density of the circulating gas; the production of a forced
circulation of the gases in tubes of the smallest diameter; a reduction in the
thickness of the metal as a consequence of the reduced size of the apparatus;
the prompt and easy abstraction of the heat by the forced circulation of the
water in the boiler; the abstraction of the heat from the gases while they
are compressed.
The method of producing combustion by the introduction of a forced current
of air also permits of considerably reducing the size of the combustion chamber.
Concerning the special working of the air engine, the advantages it presents as
applied in the manner herein-before stated. are,
1st, in never introducing the gases into the cylinders at a temperature above
four hundred or five hundred degrees as their passage through the tubes is a
guarantee for their reduction to that temperature or even lower if thought
necessary.
2ndly, in never admitting an oxidizing mixture into the engine, the feed
arrangement only causing a discharge of carbonic acid, and rather inclining to
the production of oxide of carbon than free oxygen.
3rdly, in further preventing the cylinders from becoming coated with hydro-

page_text: carburets that escape during the combustion, the feed arrangement preventing
any results of this kind.
4thly, in enabling the combustion to be overlooked when desired by the
peculiar arrangement of the furnace, and inspection orifices which may also be
readily cleaned while the apparatus is working.
The chief features of the Invention are.-the combination of steam and
compressed air with independent generators. the motive power not mixing or
combining until after their separate production; combining combustion under
pressure with the ascensional supply of the fuel, as also the improved mechanism
for raising the fuel; the application of motive power obtained by the expan-
sion of air for effecting all the auxiliary services of the engine: the artificial
circulation of water in the interior of the boiler by a power other than that of
the steam it produces.
The several improvements constituting the Invention as herein described,
may be applied either separately or in combination.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Clark. have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Tenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
Witness,
JAMES DAISH,
53, Chancery Lane,
London.