IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE STANDARDS OR UPRIGHTS OF IRON HURDLES, CONTINUOUS IRON FENCING, AND STRAINED WIRE FENCING."
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Smith, of the Firm of Hill and Smith, of Brierley
Hill, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturers, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE STANDARDS OR UPRIGHTS OF IRON
HURDLES, CONTINUOUS IRON FENCING, AND STRAINED WIRE FENCING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th February 1879.
HENRY SMITH, of the Firm. of Hill and Smith, of Brierley Hill, in the County of
Stafford, Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE STANDARDS
OR UPRIGHTS OF IRON HURDLES, CONTINUOUS IRON FENCING, AND STRAINED
WIRE FENCING."
In the ordinary method of manufacturing the standards or uprights of iron hurdles
each of the said standards is made from two pieces of flat bar iron. One of the said
pieces, constituting the foot of the standard, is bent at each end so as to bring the
said bent parts at right angles to the other or middle part. The said bent ends are
pointed and constitute the prongs of the foot, which prongs in fixing the hurdle are
forced into the ground as is well understood. The body of the standard consists of
a flat bar of iron, one end of which is welded to the middle of the foot at right
angles thereto.
In the ordinary method of manufacturing the said standards, the weakest part of
the standard is that which in use is exposed to the greatest strain, that is, the junc-
tion of the body with the foot.
The object of my Invention is to remedy this defect and to give the greatest
strength to the part which, when the standard is in use, is exposed to the greatest
strain.
In order to effect this object I manufacture the standard in the following way :-
I make the standard of three pieces of flat bar iron instead of two as usual. The
body I make of one straight bar, and I make the foot of two bars. Each of the two
bars of which the foot is made has nearly the figure of one half of the ordinary foot,
but the parts which are joined to the body are somewhat longer than one half the
corresponding part in the ordinary foot and are turned up at right angles to the
[Price B1

page_text: horizontal part of the foot so as to be parallel with one another and with the bottom
of the bar forming the body.
The three parts, that is, the two turned up ends of the middle of the foot and the
lower end of the body are. welded together, the two turned up parts being joined to
one another and situated on one side of the bottom of the body. The bottom of
the body may however be wolded between the turned up parts of the foot with
nearly the same effect.
By this method of manufacture, great strength at the junction of the body with
the foot is secured. The iron at that part has a thickness nearly three times the
thickness of the other part, and the fibre or grain of the iron being in the same
direction in the parts welded together, the welding is sounder than where, as in
the ordinary manufacture, the fibre in the two parts welded together is at right
angles.
My Invention may be modified by making the body and one half the foot from
one piece of bar iron and welding the other half foot thereto, the said half foot
having the turned up portion described, so that there may be obtained double thick-
ness of metal and parallelism in the fibre of the welded parts.
The last described modification of my Invention is applicable to standards in
which one prong is in the same line with the body, the body one and prong being
made from a straight pointed bar to which a half foot with a turned up end is
.welded.
My Invention is applicable to standards with triangular feet as well as to standards
of the ordinary kind.
The standards or uprights of continuous iron fencing and strained wire fencing
differ in no essential respect from the standards of hurdles, and the application of my
Invention to the said standards or uprights of continuous iron fencing and strained
wire fencing differs in no essential respect from its application to the standards or
uprights of hurdles, as hereinbefore described.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Henry Smith in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th August
1879.
HENRY SMITH, of the Firin of Hill and Smith, of Brierley Hill, in the County of
Stafford, Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE STANDARDS
OR UPRIGHTS OF IRON HURDLES, CONTINUOUS IRON FENCING, AND STRAINED
WIRE FENCING."
In the ordinary method of manufacturing the standards or uprights of iron hurdles,
each of the said standards is made from two pieces of flat bar iron. One of the said
pieces, constituting the foot of the standard, is bent near each end so as to bring the
said bent parts at right angles to the other or middle part. The said bent ends are
pointed and constitute the prongs of the foot; which prongs in fixing the hurdle are
forced into the ground, as is well understood. The body of the standard consists of
a flat bar of iron, one end of which is welded to the middle of the foot at right
angles thereto.
In the ordinary method of manufacturing the said standards, the weakest part of
the standard is that which in use is exposed to the greatest strain, that is, the junc-
tion of the body with the foot. The object of my Invention is to remedy this defect and
to give the greatest strength to the part which, when the standard is in use, is
exposed to the greatest strain.
In order to effect this object I manufacture the standard in the following way :-
I make the standard of three pieces of flat bar iron instead of two as usual. The
body I make of one straight bar and I make the foot of two bars. Each of the
two bars of which the foot is made has nearly the figure of one half of the ordinary
foot, but the parts which are joined to the body are somewhat longer than one half
the corresponding foot, and are turned up at right angles to the horizontal part of
the foot, so as to be parallel with one another and with the bottom of the bar
forming the body. The three parts, that is, the two turned up ends of the middle
of the foot and the lower end of the body are welded together, the two turned up
parts being joined to one another and situated on one side of the bottom of the
body. The lower end of the body may however be welded between the turned up
parts of the foot with nearly the same effect.
By this method of manufacture great strength at the junction of the body with
the foot is secured.
The iron at that part has a thickness considerably greater than that of the other
part, and the fibre or grain of the iron being in the same direction in the parts
welded together, the welding is sounder than where, as in the ordinary manufacture,
the fibre in the two parts welded together is at right angles.
My Invention may be modified by making the body and one half the foot from
one piece of bar iron and welding the other half foot thereto, the said half foot
having the turned up portion described, so that there may be obtained double thick-
ness of metal and parallelism in the fibre of the welded parts.
The last described modification of my Invention is applicable to standards in
which one prong is in the same line with the body, the body and one prong being
made from a straight pointed bar to which a half foot with a turned up end is
welded.
I will now proceed to describe, with reference to the accompanying Drawings,
the manner in which my Invention is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in front elevation and side elevation the standard or upright
of an iron hurdle or continuous iron fence made according to my Invention, and
Figure 2 represents the body, and Figure 3 the two parts from which the foot is

page_text: made; Figure 4 represents the three parts of the standard before they are welded
together.
a is the body of the standard, consisting of a straight bar of iron, and b, c, are the
two bars, shaped of the required form, from which the foot is made. Each bar b, c,
bas nearly the figure of one half of the ordinary foot, but is somewhat longer and
the inner end is turned up at b², c², into a position at right angles to the other part
b, c, as represented in the Drawing.
The three parts a, b, c, are connected together by heating to a welding heat the
turned up ends b, c, at the middle of the foot and the end of the body a, and placing
the said turned up ends b², c, upon one another, face to face, and welding them
together, and to one side of the bottom of the body a, as indicated by the dotted
lines in Figure 1. The metal of the two parts b², c², and the bottom of the body a
baving been welded together it is drawn out at the upper part of the weld, tapering
to the thickness of the body a, and leaving the lower part of the weld of the extra
thickness shown in the edge view of Figure 1. The junction of the body with the
foot is by this method of manufacture made very strong, and the welding of the
parts is very sound in consequence of the grain or fibre of the body a and the
turned up parts b, c, of the foot being in the same direction.
-
Instead of welding the turned up parts or ends 62, c², of the foot face to face, and,
to one side of the bottom of the body a, as hereinbefore described, the bottom
of the body a may be welded between the turned up ends bs, cs, of the foot.
Figure 5 represents the end of the body a situated between the turned up ends
b, c, of the foot parts b, c, prior to welding, and illustrates the manner in which the
said turned up ends of the half feet are placed against the sides of the end of the
body for welding the said ond of the body between the turned up ends of the foot.
Figure 6 illustrates that part of my Invention in which the body and one half of
the foot are made from one piece of bar iron and the other half foot from a second
piece of bar iron.
The body is marked a and the half foot made in one piece therewith is marked a³
The separate half foot is marked d, and is furnished with a turned up end d³, as
before described. The half foot d, d², is connected to the body a by welding its
turned up end to the part a³ of the said body a, the said parts d² and a³ being
placed face to face.
The method of manufacture illustrated in Figure 6 may be applied to standards
in which one prong is made in a line with the body from the saine piece of bar
iron, the said body and the prong being made from a straight pointed bar. To a
body and prong so made a half foot of the kind represented at d, d³, Figure 6, is
welded to complete the standard.
Uprights in which one prong is in a line with the body are used both for hurdles
and continuous fencing.
My Invention is applicable to standards with triangular feet as well as to
standards of the ordinary kind.
The standards or uprights of strained wire fencing differ in no essential respect
from the standards of hurdles and continuous fencing, and the application of my
Invention to the said standards or uprights of strained wire fencing differs in no
essential respect from its application to the standards or uprights of hurdles and
continuous fencing, as herein before described, and illustrated in the accompanping
Drawings.
Having now described the nature of my Invention and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself to
precise details herein described and illustrated, as the same may be varied without
departing from the nature of my Invention.
But I claim as my Invention, the improvements in the manufacture of the
standards or uprights of iron hurdles, continuous iron fencing, and strained wire
fencing herein before. described, and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings,
whether the said uprights have feet of the form represented or have triangular-feet,

page_text: that is to say, making each standard or upright of three pieces of bar iron, namely,
of a body marked a, and of two half feet marked b, c, the said half feet being pro-
vided with turned up ends b², c², which are joined to the lower part of the body a
by welding, substantially as described, and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5,
whereby great strength in the junction of the body with the foot of the standard or
upright is secured; also making the body and one half of the foot from one piece
of bar iron and welding the other half foot thereto, substantially as described, and
illustrated in Figure 6; also the modification described in which the body and one
prong in the same line are made from one piece of bar iron and the standard com-
pleted by welding thereto a half foot of the kind described and illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Smith, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Sixteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
5 Witness,
HENRY PRICE,
Brierley Hill,
Staffordshire.
HENRY SMITH. (L.S.)