IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES AND PIPE JOINTS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Jackson, of the Town and County of the Town
of Nottingham, Civil Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES
AND PIPE JOINTS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Jackson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th September 1880.
FREDERICK JACKSON, of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham,
Civil Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES AND PIPE JOINTS."
To pipes made of clay, earthenware, stoneware, fireclay, or metal, I make a
new form of socket head provided with an opening on one side, and also a new
form of spigot end with an annular rim or moulding formed upon it, thus allowing
the pipes to be put together with a washer of felt or other material, which is
interposed between the spigot end of one pipe and the shoulder within the socket
end of the other pipe, thus closing the joint between the two pipes, but leaving an.
annular space between the inside of the socket end of one pipe and the outside of
the spigot end of the other pipe, which annular space is filled through the opening
in the socket head before named with cement, asphalte, tar, pitch, lead, or
equivalent material under pressure, which when set unites the pipes firmly
together, and renders the connection airtight and water tight.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Frederick Jackson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th
March 1881.
FREDERICK JACKSON, of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham,
Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES AND PIPE JOINTS."
To pipes made of clay, earthenware, stoneware, fireclay, or metal, I make a
new form of socket hond provided with an opening on one side, and also a new
form of spigot end with an annular rim or moulding formed upon it, thus
allowing the pipes to be put together with a washer of felt or other material, which
is interposed between the spigot end of one pipe and the shoulder within the
socket end of the other pipe, thus closing the joint between the two pipes, but
leaving an annular space between the inside of the socket end of one pipe and the
outer side of the spigot end of the other pipe, which annular space is filled through
...the opening in the socket head before named with cement, asphalto, tar, pitch,
lead, or equivalent material under pressure, which when set unites the pipes firmly
together, and renders the connection airtight and watertight.
Figure 1 represents a longitudinal sectional view of one entire pipe, and portions
of two other pipes constructed according to my improvements.
Figure 2 a plan of the same.
Figure 3 is a cross section of the joint of two joined pipes.
Figures 4, 5, and 6 are enlarged sectional views of various shaped openings
shewing portions of joined pipes. The lines lettered D above each Figure shew
the several openings in plan.
The corresponding parts in each Figure are indicated by the same letters where
necessary.
My Invention relates to the construction of pipes made of clay, earthenware,
stoneware, fireclay, iron, brass, or other metal or composition, shewn at Figures i
and 2, where A represents a pipe constructed according to my improvement;
B, a circular band near the spigot end; C, the socket head; D, D, openings;-
E, annular space between the spigot and interior of socket, and F, fillet or washer.
The inside of the socket end and the outside of the spigot end of each pipe is
serrated. When so formed a fillet F of cement, prepared gas tar, or a washer
of felt or other soft material is placed within the socket end of the pipe. Tho
spigot end of another pipe is then inserted until its band B fits tight inside the
socket; a fillet of strong cement or other suitable material is then used to close all
openings between the band and the socket; this and the fillet or washer inside the
socket end leaves an annular space between the socket and the spigot, which is
watertight, except at the opening at the top of the socket.
When the cement or other material has hardened, semi fluid cement or other
material is poured through the opening in the top of the socket until the same is
full and flushed up; it is then left to set, and when set unites the pipes so securely
as to render the joints perfectly water-tight, and any number of pipes so put
together when struck at any part will ring as clearly as if they were one pipe.
I do not confine myself to precise details with regard to materials employed for
forming the joint, or to the method of using them, as the same may be varied as
circumstances ariso.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of my said Invention and the manner of
performing the same,-
I declare that I claim for the circular band or fillet B, and for the opening D
in the sockets of pipes, substantially as described and illustrated in the Drawings
annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Jackson, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Second day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty one.
Witness,
H. W. GOUGH, C.E.,
Nottingham.
FREDERICK JACKSON. (L.S.)