Improvements in the Manufacture of Kidderminster, Scotch, or Ingrain Carpets, Curtains, and like Fabrics.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 1st June, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 2nd Mar., 1896-Accepted, 2nd May, 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Kidderminster, Scotch, or
Ingrain Carpets, Curtains, and like Fabrics.
I, ROBERT BLACK WOOD Junior, of London Road, Kilmarnock, in the County
of Ayr, Manufacturer's Assistant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention which relates to the manufacture of Kidderminster, Scotch or
ingrain carpets, curtains and similar fabrics, has for its object the introduction into
that class of fabric of a greater number or variety of coloured wefts showing in the
ground or pattern.
In the ordinary mode of weaving two plied fabrics for which two colours of
wefts are used only two solid colours of wefts can be produced in the design or
pattern and in weaving three plied fabrics only three solid colours of wefts are
obtained.
Under my invention the number of colours of wefts capable of being produced
in the fabric is or may be doubled or further increased by weaving two or more
webs of cloth one above the other or others each web having two or three colours
of weft which in the weaving operation are caused to pass from one web to the
other or others, the webs being subsequently separated by cutting the wefts at
their points of intersection or crossing from web to web by suitable mechanism.
The warps for the several webs are operated by jacquard or other pattern
shedding mechanism arranged to raise and lower the warps to form two or more
distinct cloths through which the. weft shots are thrown and which are only bound
together at the points where the wefts cross from one cloth to the other.
By this means the different colours of wefts provided for the upper web are or
may be added to or interchanged with those provided for the lower web or webs
and vice versa.
Thus when two webs of two ply fabrics are simultaneously woven
in this manner four solid colours of wefts may be introduced in each web; when
the fabrics are three-plied and have three colours of wefts for each web six solid
colours may be introduced into each and so on, the wefts being so distributed in
each case as to produce the design or pattern desired.
I may also simultaneously weave in a similar manner two or more webs of
fabric each having a single ply of coloured pattern or weft the reverse side or
backing of which may be formed by introducing jute or other wefts held by the
binder warps, the coloured weft of each ply being carried from web to web as
before described.
The backing of jute or like material may also be added in weaving carpets or
fabrics having two, three or more plies.
Dated this 31st day of May 1895.

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Kidderminster, Scotch, or
Ingrain Carpets, Curtains, and like Fabrics.
1, ROBERT BLACKWOOD Junior, of London Road, Kilmarnock, in the County
of Ayr, Manufacturer's Assistant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :—
This invention which relates to the manufacture of Kidderminster, Scotch or
ingrain carpets, curtains and similar fabrics, has for its object the introduction into
that class of fabric of a greater number or variety of coloured wefts showing in the
ground or pattern.
In the ordinary mode of weaving two plied fabrics for which two colours of
wefts are used, only two solid colours of wefts can be produced in the design or
pattern and in weaving three plied fabrics only three solid colours of wefts are
obtained.
Under my invention the number of colours of wefts capable of being produced
in the fabric is or may be doubled or further increased by weaving two or more
"webs of cloth one above the other or others each web having two or three colours
of weft which in the weaving operation are caused to pass from one web to the
,other or others; the webs being subsequently separated by cutting the wefts at
their points of intersection or crossing from web to web by suitable mechanism.
By this means the different colours of wefts, provided for the upper web are or
may be added to or interchanged with those provided for the lower web or webs
and vice versa.
Thus when two wehs of two ply fabrics are simultaneously woven
in this manner four colours of wefts may be introduced in each web; when the
fabrics are three-plied and have three colours of wefts for each web six colours
'may be introduced into each and so on, the wefts being so distributed in each case
as to produce the design or pattern desired.
:
"L
I may also simultaneously weave in a similar manner two or more webs of
fabric each having a single ply of coloured pattern or weft the reverse side or
backing of which may be formed by introducing jute or other wefts held by the
binder warps, the coloured weft of each ply being carried from web to web as
before described.
The backing of jute or like material may also be added in weaving carpets or
fabrics having two, three or more plies.
1. The invention will be more easily understood by reference to Figs. 1 2 3 & 4 of
the accompanying drawings. Figs. 1 & 3 represent two three plied fabrics woven
at once above each other. Fig. I represents a section of the cloth warp ways, and
the following letters represent the various coloured wefts employed in the
manufacture of the fabric:-
:-

page_text: warps for the under cloth, but are shed to form two fabrics, only being bound
together where the wefts change from the one web to the other according to
pattern. If the warp for the top web were woven into the under cloth, the two
fabrics could not be separated without being damaged. The shaded lines represent
the wefts changing or crossing from top to bottom cloth and vice versa according
to the design. I manipulate the wefts in such a manner that when they cross from
the one fabric to the other they are brought from the middle of the one to the
middle of the other fabric before being introduced to the top and underside of each
cloth as shewn in Figs. 1 & 3, thereby preventing the pattern having so ragged an
edging as if the wefts had been introduced into each cloth at random. The fabrics
are severed at x cutting the coloured wefts which bind the two fabrics together at
the points where the wefts cross thereby giving two separate three plied fabrics
with six colours of wefts in each fabric. Figs. 1 & 3 represent two reversible three
plied fabrics with six colours of wefts. The stuffer or thick warp may if desired
be introduced as an extra colour into the pattern of its own cloth thereby adding
an extra colour over the number of wefts employed to the top and under side of its
own cloth or the one side only if wanted. Again more or less stuffing warp may
be employed. The fabrics may be made unreversible if desired. A balf of the
stuffer of the top cloth may be dyed one colour and the other half another shade
and introduced to the top and under side of the top cloth according to the pattern
and the same way with the stuffer of the undercloth always keeping the stuffers in
their own fabric. Again a jute or other shot may be thrown into the middle or
wrong side of each fabric. The top side of the top cloth I prefer to call the right
side and the under side of the under cloth I call the right side of the under fabric.
But these details may be departed from. Figures 2 & 4 represent two two-plied fabrics
woven in the same loom at once the one above the other. 1 and 2 represent the
fine chain or binding warps for the top cloth or web and 3 and 4 the fine chain for
the under cloth, 5 and 6 the stuffing or thick warps for the top cloth marked Y
and 7 and 8 the stuffing warp for the under cloth marked Z. The following letters
represent the various colours employed in the manufacture of the two two-plied
fabrics:-
B
Blue shot.
M
C
Maize shot.
Cinnamon shot.
R-Ruby shot.
Fig. 2 represents a section warp ways of two two-plied fabrics with four colours
of wefts introduced into each web and the warp so manipulated by a jacquard or
other pattern working mechanism that where the shot is wanted to show on upper
side of top cloth one half of the fine chain either 1 or 2 will rise; if an odd weft
line on design such as 1, 3, 5, 7 etc. No. 1 will be raised. Where the weft is
required to show on the underside of the top web, which is marked Y, then as
much of the stuffer 5 and 6 will be raised as well as I warp and it will be bound by
fine chain 2 on the under side for that part of design. Where the same weft
is wanted to appear on the top of under fabric the whole of the warp for the top
fabric will be raised for that portion of the design and one half of the fine chain of
the under web warp 3 being in this case raised. Where the same weft is required
to appear on the under side of the under cloth marked Z again all the warp for the
top cloth will be raised along with 3 and stuffer 7 and 8 for this certain. portion of
the design and the weft would be bound in on the underside of fabric Z by warp
marked 4. The warp for Figs. 1 & 3 may be worked in a similar way but where
the weft is wanted to appear in the middle of top fabric the weft will be embedded
between 5 and 6 and where the same weft is wanted to appear in the middle of the
under fabric it will lie between 7 and 8 as will be seen when compared with
Figs. 1 & 3.
The fine chain may be manipulated in any other couvenient way, twilled or
otherwise. The stuffer of the top cloth may be brought round the edging of the

page_text: pattern of the under side of the top web and the stuffer of the under web brought
round the edging of the upper side of under web to hide the ragged edge caused
by cutting the wefts to separate the fabrics, as well as round the pattern of the
other side of each cloth. Any other suitable weave may be substituted for the
figures given.
In a similar way two fabrics may be woven the one above the other showing
5 solid colours of wefts in each so that when there are two coloured wefts in the
one there will be three coloured wefts in the other web, at one part of design. In
another part of the design the number of coloured wefts may be reversed the one
web which had two may have three wefts and so on. Again two webs containing
more than two or three plies of wefts may be woven above each other and the wefts
distributed throughout the two webs as previously mentioned to increase the colour
effect.
The coloured wefts may not all pass from the one web to the other or
others.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The manufacture of Kidderminster, Scotch or ingrain carpets, curtains and
like fabrics in the improved manner hereinbefore described with reference to the
diagrams annexed.
2. In the manufacture of Kidderminster, Scotch or ingrain carpets, curtains and
like fabrics, weaving two or more webs of multiple plied cloth one above the other
or others each web having two, three or more colours or layers of weft which in
the weaving operation are caused to pass from one web to the other or others, and
subsequently separating the webs by cutting the crossing wefts at their points of
intersection substantially as described.
3. In the manufacture of Kidderminster, Scotch or ingrain carpets, & like fabrics
weaving two or more webs one above the other each having one or more plies of
coloured weft with a reverse side or backing of jute or other wefts held by the
binder warps, the coloured weft of each fabric being crossed from web to web
substantially as described.
Dated this 29th day of February 1896.