IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LAMPS AND CANDLESTICKS, AND IN GAS AND OTHER PILLARS AND PIPES
Year: 1846

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
PALMER, of Sutton Street, Clerkenwell, Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of. Great Britain, bearing, date at
Westminster, the Seventeenth day of September, One thousand eight hundred
and forty-six, in the tenth year of. Her. reign, did,, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant.unto.me, the said. William Palmer, my exors,
admors, and, assigns, Her, especial licence, full power, sole. privilege and
authority, that I, the said.William Palmer,.my.exors, admors, and assigns, and
such others as I, the said, William Palmer,..my exors, admors,.or assigns;
should at any time agree with, and no. others, from time to time and at all
times during the term of, years. therein.expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise,, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF LAMPS AND CANDLESTICKS, AND IN GAS AND OTHER PILLARS AND PIPES;" in which
said Letters Patent is contained a proviso,..that I, the said William Palmer,
shall cause a particular. description of the nature of my said Invention, and.in
what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument. in writing under
my hand and seal; and cause the same to be inrolled. in: Her. said Majesty's
High, Court of Chancery within six calendar. months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part:recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same;
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Palmer, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being
had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon (that is to say) :-
My Invention consists, first, of improvements in the apparatus employed for
supporting the shades and for retaining the chimneys of candle lamps in a
central position; and also of improvements in dividing the currents of air
entering into the chimneys of candle lamps.
Secondly, my Invention consists of improvements in the construction of oil
lamps.
And, thirdly, my Invention consists of improvements in constructing pillars
of gas burners, candlesticks, candle and other lamps, and in pipes and pillars
for
gas and other purposes.
And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows so much of the upper part of a candle lamp, with apparatus
applied thereto for supporting the glass shade and also the chimney, as will
enable me to describe the first part of my Invention; and Figure 2 shows a
plan of the apparatus. a, a, are stems carrying the circular frame b, on which
the glass shade is placed. The stems a, a, are similar in construction to those
heretofore used, and they differ only inasmuch as they are made of steel or of
iron, in order to obtain greater stiffness with the same or even less substance
than when made of brass, and it is the application of steel or iron in the con-
struction of the stems of such descriptions of apparatus for supporting the
shade and chimney of a candle lamp which constitutes one of the novelties of
the first part of my Invention. And I would state that the shape of the stems
a, a, may be varied, so long as they are made of steel or of iron, without
departing from this part of my Invention; and by forming the chimney in two
parts, in the manner shown, I am enabled to divert a part of the upward
current of air from the wicks and direct it upon the flame, and thus prevent
too strong a current of air upon the wicks.
Another improvement consists in the application of adjustable supports, such
as are shown in the Drawing; they consist of the levers c, c, which move on
axes c, c, on the stems a, a; and d, d, are screws passing through the stems
a, a, to adjust the positions of the levers, so that the chimney may at all times

page_text: be held central over the lamp. Figures 3 and 4 show a section, and a plan, in
section, of another arrangement of parts for effecting this object. In this case
the chimney is supported on projections a¹, and its central position is adjusted
by the screws d, d, d. is a disc of glass, or it may be of metal, with a hole
therethrough for the flame. The object of this arrangement is to divide the
current of air passing up the chimney.
I will now describe the second part of my Invention. Figure 5 shows a
section of a lamp for burning oil, arranged according to my Invention. e, e, is
the stem, the pattern or shape of which may be varied; f.f, is the oil vessel;
the upper part is made of. glass, and the lower part of metal, which descends
into the stem or pillar; g, h, are two hollow floats; or in place of the part /
being a float, it may be used only to retain the part 9 in a proper position.
The float is shown to be of metal, and descends into that part of the vessel f
which is within the pillar of the lamp; and the upper float is shown to be of
glass, which is within the upper glass vessel wherein the oil is placed. The
lower and upper hollow floats g, h, are combined together, leaving a hollow
space between them, so that the oil may flow through the opening i, and
thence up the tube j, which carries the burner or wick, the nature of which
(consisting of three pipe wicks) is clearly shown. The construction of burner
may, however, be varied.
The other views of this Drawing show a plan and under side view of the
float and burner, and also the glass chimney, and there is also an under side
view of the stem or pillar of the lamp. The tube j is fixed in its position in
the upper glass float by corks k, k, or by other suitable means. I is the glass.
chimney, and m is the support for the chimney. In order that the lamp may
be enabled to keep the oil fluid when the surrounding atmosphere is cold.
there is a small candle lamp n applied, having a candle with a very small
wick, and this candle lamp may also be employed when the oils used are
liable to loose their fluidity, such as cocoa-nut oil and others. The float
apparatus with the chimney should be sufficiently weighted to cause the oil to
be at a proper level with respect to the wick tubes. I would remark that
the peculiar character of this part of my Invention consists of the combining
the upper glass vessel f, the parts g, h, and arrangement of the burner tube j,
through the float g, and combining a chimney with a float of a lamp, as shewn
and described.
I will now describe the third part of my Invention.. Figure 6 shows a
section of the pillar suitable for a gas burner or for a lamp made according
to this part of my Invention. Figures 7 and 8 show two tubes for gas and
other purposes. This part of my Invention consists of combining a thin.

page_text: shell of glass with a tube of metal, leaving considerable space between the
external shell of glass and the inner tube, and filling such space with cement.
By this arrangement or combination very ornamental pillars and tubes may be
constructed at small cost. In the Figures 6, 7, and 8 the same letters are
used to indicate similar parts. o is the external shell of glass, which is very
thin, and of itself would not allow of any considerable pressure; p is the
inner tube; and q is the cement which combine the tube and shell of glass
together; the cement supporting the glass gives strength thereto. In Figure
6 the exterior figure of glass is suitable for the pillar of a lamp; but it will
be evident that pillars (either solid or tubular) for furniture, and a variety of
other purposes, may be similarly made, and by using cements of different
colors, and by coloring or graining the interior surfaces of the glass, varied
ornamental effects may be produced; and such is the case in respect to making
tubes, Figures 7 and 8; and when it is desired to join parts of tubes this may
be done as shewn at r, at Figure 8, and the joint covered by an external
glass covering made more or less ornamental, as may be desired; or a metal
band might be used in place of the glass one s, and the same fixed in its place
by cement or otherwise. The cement I prefer to use for combining the
external shell of thin glass with the tube within is plaster of Paris, but other
cements, such as mastic, may be employed.
Figures 9 and 10 show two sections of a tube suitable to be used for con-
veying water or other liquids, and for other purposes. Figure 9 shows two
parts of a tube ready to be joined; Figure 10 shows the two parts joined.
o is the glass tube, which in this case is internal; and p, the external tube,
which is of metal. In connecting two tubes I apply a small quantity of bees'-
wax softened with oil over the joint of the internal glass tube, wrapping over
the same two or three thicknesses of waxed cotton and filling up the remaining
space with cement; I then apply a couplings, as is well understood, care
being taken to keep the joints of the glass tubes close while applying the wax
and waxed cotton.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to performed, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the details shewn and described, so long as the peculiar
character of either part of my Invention be retained; but what I claim is,
First, the constructing of the stems a, a, of steel or of iron for supporting
the glass shade and chimney of a candle lamp. And I also claim the appli-
cation of the adjustable apparatus for the chimney as described. And I also
claim the modes of dividing the currents of air into the chimneys of
candle lamps.

page_text: Secondly, I claim the arrangement of lamp for burning oil as herein
described, and the carrying of the chimney of a lamp by a float.
And, thirdly, I claim the mode of making pillars and pipes for gas and
other burners or lamps, and candlesticks, and other purposes, as herein
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Palmer, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-seven.