IMPROVED MEANS OF TRANSMITTING MOTION
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Melvillo Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for an Invention of "IMPROVED MEANS
OF TRANSMITTING MOTION,"
Samper, of Paris, France.
A communication from abroad by Antonio
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Melville Clark at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th September 1881.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent. "IMPROVED MEANS OF TRANSMITTING MOTION." [A communication
from abroad by Antonio Samper, of Paris, France.]
This Invention relates to further improvements in apparatus for transmitting
motion, forming the subject of former Letters Patent, dated respectively July 16
and August 18th 1879, Nos. 2906 and 3323.
According to the present Invention, which is illustrated in the Drawings annexed,
1st, the spirals or turns of the round belt or cord upon the pulley are not separated
one from the other, and form, so to speak, but one spiral; 2nd, the belts or cords
are regulated in their action and put in tension without the aid of guide rollers by
the means hereinafter described.
Tension. The shafts between which power is transmitted are not drawn towards
one another, as is the case when they are driven by bands, as the belt being wound
spirally the only tension produced is that between the belt or cord and the pulleys.
This tension is limited to that required to overcome the stiffness of the belts or
cords, and diminishes if they are flexible and well stretched, and if the pulleys are
of large diameter. The increase in diameter may be obviated by increasing the
number of turns round said pulleys. By these means the tension may be merely
that due to the weight of the belts themselves, and in this case the power may be
transmitted without loss, even where the leading part of the belt is slack, as shown
in Figure 24. The guide rollers D, D, simply serve to prevent the belt from
running off the pulleys. The tension necessitated by the use of round belts may
Duis 1021

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING.
Figures 1 to 11 represent different forms pulleys which may be employed for
transmitting motion. Figures 12, 12, 12b, 12, 124, 12, 12, represent additions
which may be made to existing pulleys for utilising the same for the purposes of
the Invention. Figures 13, 14, 15, and 17, 18, represent auxiliary parts to be
employed in certain cases for the transmission of motion. Figure 16 represents
graphically the rule for forming slightly coned pulleys designed to prevent friction
of the coils when wire rope belts are employed, and which also in the majority of
cases contributes to maintain the adhesion thereof on the pulley. In this last
mentioned Figure A, B, represents the circumference of the pulley; B, C, diameter
of the belt or cord to be used; and A, C, the minimum degree of conicality.
Figures 19 to 26 represent several arrangements of the apparatus; in Figures 19 to
25 endless belts or cords are used, and in Figure 26 the ends of the cord depend
freely. The pulley No. 1 is employed with the rollers 13 and 14 (see Figure 22).
The pulleys 2 to 6 serve either to transmit motion or to keep the belt or cord
stretched and straight, as in the case of pulleys A, Figures 19 to 23 aud 25. The
pulleys 7 to 11 serve to transmit motion and to reverse it, as well as for keeping
the belt or cord-in-tension.The.cones_of_all the pulleys before referred to may be
reduced or enlarged; if concave, like cone A of pulleys 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, they may
be of any angle up to 45°; and if straight, as cone a, Figure 3, they should not
have so great an angle as 45°. When the pulley is used as a tension pulley, and is
driven, the cone should be less acute than when used for transmitting power. In
this way the tendency of this spiral is to cause the belt to rise, and thus be more
readily, straightened. The small cones b, Figures 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6, may be enlarged
or reduced to the limit indicated by the diagram, Figure 16. The concave cones,
Figures 7, 8, and 9, should together form less than a half circle, while the double
straight cone, Figure 10, should form at their intersection an angle of less
than 45°.
The cone of pulley No. 1 when used with a slack belt, or with the rollers repre-.
sented in Figures 13 and 14, is made concave to a radius equal to the diameter of
the belt or cord employed. In all other cases the height of the cones should be
three or more times the diameter of the cord, regard being had to the fact that
elastic belts or cords have a greater tendency to ride up the cones than non-elastic
ones. All cords tend to rise more when not transmitting power, and also rise more
upon driven pulleys than upon driving or guide pulleys. A better result is therefore
obtained in the latter pulleys if the angle of the coils of the cord be increased to
the maximum angle. The belts also keep their position better, and friction is
entirely avoided by the employment of pulleys similar to those shown in Figure 5

page_text: with a small cone b. The letter X in the Drawings indicates the driving pulleys;
B, C, in Figures 19 and 21, the guide pulleys; and A, in Figures 19 to 25, the
driven pulleys. The spirals have a tendency to slip and unwind laterally on the
pulleys, and the cones similar to those marked a, as well as those of Figures 7 to
11, serve to counteract this tendency without causing any friction. This action of
the spirals increases proportionately to the reduction in the diameter of the pulleys,
or to the increase in the diameter of the cords or of the number of coils upon the
pulleys. The cones in Figures 12, 12, 12b, 12°, 12ª, 12', are constructed upon the
same rules as are the pulleys before described. Figures 12, 12, 12b, 12°, represent
cones which may be added or fixed to pulleys in order to adapt them to this
improved system of transmission. Figures 12ª, 12, 12', represent other adjuncts
which may be applied to pulleys with the same object. In this case four parts or
sections are applied on each pulley, each of which should occupy 1/8th part of said
pulley. All the above mentioned parts may be applied as well to straight as to
convex pulleys, such as are generally employed with flat bands. The rollers,
Figures 13, 14, applied to pulleys having cones whose height is equal to or a little
greater than the diameter of the cord, as in Figure 22, serve to prevent the cords
running off the pulleys. When applied close up to the pulleys at the leading on
part of the cord, as shown in this Figure, they serve as tension rollers, and also for
transmitting motion by incans of quite slack cords, which are therefore free from
all liability of accident. The arrangement shown in Figure 15 serves to impart
tension to the cords if the diameter of the pulley is insufficient for the purpose, or
for stretching the cords if the pulley is of sufficient diameter. Figure 17 represents
a guide pulley which may be used for different purposes, as, for example, for turning
angles, as in the case of pulleys D, D, Figure 19. It may also be used as a tension
pulley by placing it close up to the pulleys, as shown in Figure 24, whereby power
may be transmitted with slack cords, which are prevented from slipping or running
off by the cross bar i, i.
Figure 18 represents a shaft coupling for machinery to be applied to loose pulleys.
for transmitting and arresting motion.
Figures 19, 20, 21, 23, and 25 represent different methods of transmitting motion
by means of an endless cord, which is in each case kept taut or slightly stretched
by means of pulley A. Figures 22 and 24 represent a mode of transmission by
means of a slack cord with the assistance of pulley, Figure 17. This arrangement
may be used for transmitting power to movable machines. Figure 23 represents
an arrangement for changing the speed; and Figure 20 represents a mode of trans-
mitting motion by means of a cord with loose ends, one of which rises as the other
descends.
CORDS.
The round belts or cords may be wound in several different ways, and a single
cord may be wound upon two or more pulleys. If on two pulleys the spirals
should be in opposite directions in order that the two may form one endless spiral,
as shown in Figures 20, 22, 24, and 25. If the cord is passed round more than
two pulleys it should be.so wound round the last or driven pulley that the spiral
receives its tension in an opposite direction to that of the spiral upon the driving
pulley, so as to form an endless spiral, as shown in Figures 19 and 21.
the direction of the motion the cord is wound in the manner represented on pulley B,
Figure 21.
More than one cord may be placed on a pulley for the purpose of
changing the speed, as shown at X, Figure 23. The cords may either be elastic or
non-elastic.
To reverse
The term "cord" is intended to include cables, wires, ropes, chains, and other
similar means of transmitting motion, of whatever material they may be composed.

page_text: SFECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Alexander Melville Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
10th March 1882.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent.
"IMPROVED MEANS OF TRANSMITTING MOTION." A communication
from abroad by Antonio Samper, of Paris, France.
This Invention relates to further improvements in apparatus for transmitting
motion, forming the subject of former Letters Patent, dated respectively July 16th
and August 18th, 1879, Nos. 2900 and 3323.
According to the present Invention, which is illustrated in the Drawings
annexed, 1st, the spirals or turns of the round belt or cord upon the pulley are not
separated one from the other, and form, so to speak, but one spiral upon each
pulley; 2nd, the belts or cords are regulated in their action and put in tension
without the aid of guide rollers by the means hereinafter described.
Tension. The shafts, between which power is transmitted, are not drawn
towards one another as is the case when they are driven by bands, as the belt
being wound spirally the only tension produced is that between the belt or cord
and the pulleys. This tension is limited to that required to overcome the stiffness
of the belts or cords, and diminishes if they are flexible and well stretched, and if
the pulleys are of large diameter. The increase in diameter may be obviated by
increasing the number of turns round said pulleys. By these means the tension
may be merely that due to the weight of the belts themselves, and in this case the
power may be transmitted without loss even where the led part of the belt is
Black, as shown in Figure 24. The guide rollers D, D, simply serve to prevent
the belt from running off the pulleys. The tension necessitated by the use of
round belts may be obtained by means of the small pulley (Figure 15) by attaching
a weight, or by fixing or stretching the belt if slack. The pulley should be placed
on the slack part of the belt, and should be of larger size when wire belts are used
and its position is changed. The tension may also be produced by means of
rollers (Figures 13 and 14) by approaching them close to the pulleys, as shown in
Figure 22, and thus cause the belt to adhere thereto. Or the belt may be put in
tension by employing the stretching pulley (Figure 15); or it may remain slack-
and pendant, in this case having the roller of the pulley A applied, as shown in
Figure 22, at each end of the slack part of the belt. The pulley (Figure 17) may
also be employed, as represented at D, D, Figure 24, either for stretching the cord
by placing it at the middle of the led part, or for keeping it slack by placing it
next the pulleys, as shown. The degree of tension of the cords should not exceed
that necessary to prevent them being slack. The cords may also be put in tension
to this extent by employing special forms of pulleys, such, for example, as shown
in Figures 2 and 6, provided they are used as driven pulleys, that is to say, for
supporting slack cords, as in the case of pulleys A, Figures 19 to 23, and 25.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Figures 1 to 11 represent different forins of pulleys which may be employed for
transmitting motion; Figures 12, 12ª, 12, 12°, 12ª, 12°, 12º, represent additions
which may be made to existing pulleys for utilising the same for the purposes of
AL. T

page_text: A
of cases contributes to maintain the adhesion thereof on the pulley. In this last
mentioned Figure A, B, represents the circumference of the pulley, B, C, diameter
of the belt or cord to be used, and A, C, the minimum degree of conicality;
Figures 19 to 26 represent several arrangements of the apparatus; in Figures 19
to 25 endless belts or cords are used, and in Figure 26 the ends of the cord depend
freely. The pulley No. 1 is employed with the rollers 13 and 14 (see Figure 22).
The pulleys 2 to 6 serve either to transmit motion or to keep the belt or cord
stretched and straight, as in the case of pulleys A, Figures 19 to 23, and 25. The
pulleys 7 to 11 serve to transmit motion and to reverse it, as well as for keeping
the belt or cord in tension. The cones of all the pulleys before referred to may be
reduced or enlarged; if concave, like cone A of pulleys 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, they
may be of any angle up to 45°, and if straight, as cone a, Figure 3, they should
not have so great an angle as 45°; when the pulley is used as a tension pulley,
and is driven, the cone should be less acute than when used for transmitting power.
In this way the tendency of the spiral is to cause the belt to rise, and thus be
more readily straightened. The small cones b, Figures 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6, may be
enlarged or reduced to the limit indicated by the diagram, Figure 16. The
concave cones, Figures 7, 8, and 9, should together form less than a half circle,
while the double straight cone, Figure 10, should form at their intersection an
angle of less than 45°. The cone of pulley No. 1 when used with a slack belt or
with the rollers represented in Figures 13 and 14, is made concave to a radius
equal to the diameter of the belt or cord employed; in all other cases the height
of the cones should be 3 or more times the diameter of the cord, regard being had
to the fact that elastic belts or cords have a greater tendency to ride up the cones
than non-elastic ones. All cords tend to rise more when not transmitting power,
and also rise more upon driven pulleys than upon driving or guide pulleys.
better result is therefore obtained in the latter pulleys if the angle of the coils of
the cord be increased to the maximum angle. The belts also keep their position
better, and friction is entirely avoided by the employment of pulleys similar to
those shown in Figure 5 with a small cone b. The letter X in the Drawings
indicates the driving pulleys, B, C, in Figures 19, and 21, the guide pulleys, and A,
in Figures 19 to 25, the driven pulleys. The spirals have a tendency to slip and
unwind laterally on the pulleys, and the cones, similar to those marked a, as well
as those of Figures 7 to 11, serve to counteract this tendency without causing any
friction. This action of the spirals increases proportionately to the reduction in
the diameter of the pulleys or to the increase in the diameter of the cords, or of
the number of coils upon the pulleys. The cones in Figures 12, 12ª, 12, 12, 12",
12, are constructed upon the same rules as are the pulleys before described.
Figures 12, 12, 12, 12°, represent cones which may be added or fixed to pulleys
in order to adapt them to this improved system of transmission. Figures 12ª, 12º,
12', represent other adjuncts which may be applied to pulleys with the same object.
In this case four parts or sections are applied on each pulley, each of which should
occupy / part of said pulley. All the above mentioned parts may be applied
as well to straight as convex pulleys, such as are generally employed with flat
bands. The rollers, Figures 13, 14, applied to pulleys having cones whose height
is equal to or a little greater than the diameter of the cord, as in Figure 22, serve
to prevent the cords running off the pulleys. When applied close up to the pulleys
at the leading on part of the cord, as shown in this Figure, they serve as tension
rollers, and also for transmitting motion by means of quite slack cords, which are
therefore free from all liability of accident. The arrangement shown in Figure 15
serves to impart tension to the cords if the diameter of the pulley is insufficient
for the purpose, or for stretching the cords if the pulley is of sufficient diameter.
Figure 17 represents a guide pulley which may be used for different purposes, as,
for example, for turning angles, as in the case of pulleys D, D, Figure 19. It may
also be used as a tension pulley by placing it close up to the pulleys, as shown in
Figure 24, whereby power may be transmitted with slack cords, which are prevented
from slipping or running off by the cross bar i, i.
th

page_text: Figure 18 represents a shaft coupling for machinery to be applied to loose pulleys
for transmitting and arresting motion. Figures 19, 20, 21, 23, and 25 represent
different methods of transmitting motion by means of an endless cord which is in
each case kept taut or slightly stretched by means of pulley A. Figures 22 and 24
represent a mode of transmission by means of a slack cord with the assistance of
pulley, Figure 17. This arrangement may be used for transmitting power to
movable machines. Figure 23 represents an arrangement for changing the speed,
and Figure 26 represents a mode of transmitting motion by means of a cord with
loose ends, one of which rises as the other descends.
Cords. The round belts or cords may be wound in several different ways, and a
single cord may be wound upon two or more pulleys. If on two pulleys, the spirals
should be in opposite directions, in order that the two may form one endless spiral,
as shown in Figures 20, 22, 24, and 25. If the cord is passed round more than two
pulleys it should be so wound round the last or driven pulley that the spiral
receives its tension in an opposite direction to that of the spiral upon the driving
pulley, so as to form an endless spiral, as shown in Figures 19 and 21.
To reverse
the direction of the motion the cord is wound in the manner represented on pulley
B, Figure 21. More than one cord may be placed on a pulley for the purpose of
changing the speed, as shown at X, Figure 23. The cords may either be elastic or
non elastic. The term "cord" is intended to include cables, wires, ropes, chains,
and other similar means of transmitting motion, of whatever material they may
be made.
Motion is imparted by these spirally wound cords with little tension or with
none whatever. Where tension is employed two methods are adopted, the first of
which consists in stretching the cord by means of an ordinary tension device, or, as
shown in Figure 17, or again in the manner represented in Figure 27, by adapting
thereto the hook or hooks shown in Figure 15. The stretching pulley, Figure 17,
is provided with a stirrup piece for retaining the cord, while in Figure 27 a friction
roller is employed in lieu of the strap. For the purpose of transmitting motion
the cords are generally wound from 1 to 4 turns upon the pulleys. The second
method consists in putting the cord in perfect tension by means of stretching
pulleys, such as those represented in Figures 1 to 11, and also in Figure 31. In
this case the cord employed should be previously stretched and tested, and it should
also be wound almost entirely on the pulleys. Moreover the driving pulley should
be straight and cylindrical, as in Figure 30, by which means the thrust of the
spiral completes the cord inasmuch-as-it-causes-it-to-ride upon the largest part of
the cone and works without other assistance and without twisting.
For transmitting motion without tension, as represented in Figure 24, the cord
should be wound a greater number of times around the pulley, generally from
5% to 7 turns. It may also be of advantage to make the slack or following part
of the cord enter in tension upon the driven pulley. This result is obtained by
increasing the adhesion of the cord in the groove of the roller which guides it on
its entering upon the driven pulley, or with still greater effect by replacing this
grooved roller by the one shown in Figure 27, which latter not only serves to
maintain the cord but also allows of its being compressed between the roller and
the groove in the pulley, said roller being provided for this purpose with a collar
at one side by which to fix it upon a shaft and graduate the pressure given to the
cord. This device may be in several parts mounted upon two different centres, the
cord being passed between the grooved pulley and the roller, so that it shall bear
equally upon the circumference of each in order to increase the adhesion. The
roller, Figure 14, which is applied to the large cone of the driven pulleys, but
without touching them, serves both to cause the adhesion of and to guide the cords.
It is applied with its base or flange towards the interior of the pulley. The device,
Figure 27, is not necessary for driving pulleys, as in this case it is sufficient to
employ the arrangement, Figure 17, for retaining the cord or a driving pulley with
conical flange c, as represented in Figures 28, 29, 30, and. 31, which generally
speaking satisfy all the required conditions of safety. In order however to still

page_text: further increase this security a turning piece may be applied at the point where
the cord passes off the driving pulley, which would however tend to render the last
coil of the cord slack, and it would therefore be necessary to give the cord an extra
turn round the pulley.
In transmitting motion without tension with nou elastic cords, such as wire ropes
or cables, the driving pulley should be cylindrical as in Figure 30, as cords of this
kind lose their adhesion laterally upon conical driving pulleys. The slight conicity
given to the pulleys, as indicated by the diagram Figure 16, is not indispensable
for driving pulleys. This conicity serves in other pulleys to eliminate the friction
of the spiral, and is consequently indispensable in these latter to avoid loss of
power and to retain the same cords. For driven pulleys, such as pulleys A, B, in
the arrangement shown in Figure 21, the formation of the cones should be
regulated by the diameter of the cords at the joins, it being preferable to
exaggerate or increase the conicity instead of diminishing it, but within certain
limits be it well understood. The small cone b, Figures 1, 2, and 4, should be
turned in the reverse direction, as represented in the pulley no. The pulley,
Figure 1, may be replaced with advantage by that shown in Figure 29, and that of
Figure 2 by that of Figure 28. The large cone which serves to keep the cords in
position may be 1/th of a circle in outline for pulleys 8 and 9, and pulley, Figure 7,
may be a complete semi-circle. The parts, Figures 12d, 120, 12, which form filling
pieces after the large cone has been placed in position, produce the best effect,
whether combined or separate. If it is desired to form a large cone of less than
45°, its diameter should be increased proportionately to the reduction in height,
which should be as already stated for cones of 45°, three, four, or more times the
diameter of the cord.
For
In the arrangements represented in Figures 32 and 33, the pulleys X are drivers,
and A, driven pulleys. In Figure 29, d represents the section of cord to be
employed for that form of pulley. Although the conical rime of pulleys 28, 29,
30, and 31, are not indispensable it is useful whether for facilitating the turning of
the cords or for securing their readhesion in case of accident, or for rendering the
cord slack without allowing it to run off the pulley when this method of stopping
the motion is employed. The flange e may be very narrow and very low.
cone pulleys, such as that shown in Figure 30, it may be turned on the body of the
pulley, and in conical pulleys made all in one by turning it at same time as the
cone is formed. The cord becomes entangled when the leading part is compressed
on entering; it also becomes entangled and deteriorates when the led or following
part is compressed on entering, while it simply deteriorates when this latter part
leaves compressed, that is to say, in an arrangement for transmitting motion, such
as that shown in Figure 21, the cord may become entangled as it enters upon
pulleys B and X by riding on the other coils were it to be compressed or crossed,
and it would be entangled or deteriorated were it to enter compressed upon the
pulley A, while it would simply be deteriorated were it to run off compressed from
said pulley. By the expression "run off compressed" is meant that the cord
passes off in a right line instead of in the oblique line of the spiral formed on
pulley A. The cord neither disentangles nor deteriorates when it leaves the driving
pulleys, nor is it liable to entangle when it is used to transmit power, so that if the
pulleys are similar or the speed be reduced, or if the power be doubled and
the pulleys be placed opposite each other, the cord even in entering slightly
compressed upon the driving pulley will not get entangled. If the speed be
increased beyond that before indicated or the two pulleys are very wide apart, and
if the pulleys be so placed that the cord passes off the led pulley at the same
inclination of the spiral or at a still greater inclination, the cord would in all
probability become entangled with the driving pulley as it enters upon it not only
compressed but crossed. The cord is also very liable to entangle although not used
for transmitting the power, when on its entering on the driven pulley it is not so
guided as to be kept well separate. To avoid the cord entangling itself on entering
upon the pulleys or becoming deteriorated by being compressed upon the driven

page_text: pulley or by leaving said pulley compressed, various means are employed, as I will
now proceed to explain with reference to Figure 33.
The guide roller c serves to carry the cord freely off the driven pulley A, and
pass freely onto the driving pulley X. At point for other point between the two
pulleys may be placed a grooved or other guide roller, to enable the cord to be
separated if necessary in entering upon pulley X, and at the points h, h, the roller,
Figure 13, may be placed to prevent the cord riding up, notwithstanding it enters
crossed. At point or beneath or behind pulley A, or at any other point, a
grooved guide roller may be placed to ensure the cord entering separate upon the
pulley. The tension device é may incline towards the outside, and in this manner
separate the cord at point i. Subsequently a greater number of turns may be put
upon the driving pulley than upon the driven pulley (see Figure 32), so as to avoid
in ordinary cases the use of the parts for guiding the cords. It will be observed
that the cord enters compressed upon the driving pulley, only which, as before
mentioned, presents no inconvenience, where, as in this case, the pulleys are alike
if the cord is elastic. It should also be observed that an extra turn may be given
to the cord upon pulley A, which, without causing any deterioration on its running
off the pulley, will facilitate its entering on the pulley ✗. The cords may be
joined together by tying as usual, provided that allowance be made for the size of
the knots in constructing the cones of the pulleys; they may also be greased, which
should be done, more especially where they are new or the pulleys are not very
smooth, or are rusty. In the employment of these non-elastic cords, such as wire
ropes, they require to enter as well as pass off separate from the whole of the
pulleys. In order to ensure a regular transmission of motion, the number of turns
of the cords upon the last driven pulley of a series should not exceed the limit
fixed by the height of the large cone. If for example the cone has a concavity of
45°, and a radius of about 2 inches, with a cord of the of an inch in diameter, it
may be coiled four times (equal to the height of the cone) plus one turn equal to
1/4th of said height, and half a turn extra, which can be allowed in all cases, making
a total of 5%, turns, and if the cone be 3 inches in height; as many as 8 turns may
be made, plus two, and plus the extra half turn allowed in all cases, making a total
of 10'/, turns.
Having described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be protected by the
herein before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
1st. Putting the cords for transmitting motion in tension by means of the small
pulley shown in Figure 15, with or without a weight.
2nd. The arrangement of rollers, Figures 13 and 14, which are brought close up
to the pulleys for the purpose of putting the cords in tension.
3rd. The arrangement of roller in pulley A, Figure 22, applied at each extremity
of the led or following part of the cord for keeping the same slack.
4th. The application to cords used to transmit motion of the guide roller D
shown in Figure 17, either for keeping said cords in tension or slack, according
to its position with regard to the pulleys.
5th. The application for the purpose of imparting any desired degree of tension
to the cords, of the pulleys represented in Figures 2 to 6 in the manner specified.
6th. The application of the parts of special form represented in Figures 12 to 12t
to existing pulleys, for the purpose of converting them into pulleys of the form
herein described.
7th. The combination of the pulleys represented in Figures 7 to 11 for trans-
mitting and reversing motion, as well as for straightening the cords.
8th. The arrangement and application of obtuse cones, such as those represented
at a, Figures 7 to 11, for arresting the spirals of the cords, and preventing their
unwinding.
9th. The application and arrangement of parts represented in Figures 12, 12,
12, to pulleys, for the purpose of arresting the spirals wound on the said pulleys,
and preventing their slipping and unwinding.

page_text: 10th. The arrangement of rollers, Figures 13 and 14, for preventing the cords
running off the pulleys, as well as for imparting tension to said cords, and for
transmitting motion by means of perfectly slack cords.
11th. The arrangement of guide pulleys for transmitting motion at any angle, as
shown at D, D, Figure 19, or for stretching the cords when placed close up to the
pulleys, as represented in Figure 24.
12th. The arrangement represented in Figure 23, for varying the speed of
transmission.
13th. The mode of transmission represented in Figure 26, by means of a cord
with free ends.
14th. The application of the several forms of cones represented in Figures 1 to 11,
according to the varied conditions in the working or the nature of the cords,
cables, or bands employed in the transmission.
15th. The mode of transmission with cords in tension, and previously tested by
the employment of stretching pulleys, as described with reference to Figures 17,
27, 30, and 31.
16th. The application and arrangement of pulley with pressing roller, described
with reference to Figure 27, for transmitting motion with or without tension.
17th. In the system of transmitting motion as described, the arrangement of
pulleys with conical rims c, Figures 28 to 31, for retaining the cords upon said
pulleys.
18th. The application of cylindrical driving pulleys, as represented in Figure 30,
for transmitting motion without tension with non-elastic cords.
19th. The arrangement described with reference to Figure 33, for preventing
the entanglement or wear of the cord at the point where it enters on the pulley.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Melville Clark, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Tenth day of March, A.D. 1882.
A
CIT DIY