IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APPARATUS."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Lewis Walker Leeds, of Parliament Street, in the City
of Westminster, Heating and Ventilating Engineer, for an Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APPARATUS."
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Lewis Walker Leeds at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st September 1880.
LEWIS WALKER LEEDS, of Parliament Street, in the City of Westminster,
Heating and Ventilating Engineer. “IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APPARATUS."
This Invention relates to stoves or apparatus employed for heating rooms or
other places.
The Invention consists mainly of improvements on and connected with the
Invention described and set forth in Specification No. 1646, of 1879.
According to the present Invention a dome shaped grate is employed, said grate
being solid in its upwardly projecting portion for the purpose of preventing the air
circulating through the centre, and to compel the air to pass up at the sides against
the fire-bricks, and so towards the illuminating window or windows. This grate is
supported on permanent lugs attached to the sides of the fire-box, while projecting
into the fire-chamber are permanent wedge shaped pieces of metal, which in
combination with the moveable grate act as crushers for the cinders. Said grate
when moved backwards and forwards in a horizontal plane (by means of the grate
shaker hereafter described), leaves alternately enlarged openings on either side of
the permanent crushers, thus permitting the crushed cinders to fall into the
ash-box.
At times it may be preferred to support the grate on a central bar resting on
lugs at the sides of the fire-box, as this arrangement enables the grate to be tipped
up or turned over for the purpose of cleaning.
Resting on supporting pieces at the sides of the fire-box are preferably corrugated
fire-brick, the corrugations being next the metal casing in order that a hot air
passage may be formed from the hollow bottom of the stove to the basket grate
which rests upon the top of the fire-brick. This arrangement is deemed very
desirable for supporting combustion at the side of the basket grate, and thus
supplies increased illuminating effects through the transparent windows. The

page_text: transparent or illuminating windows may be one or more in number, and are
provided in the interior of the stove with curved projecting pieces, which deflect
the smoke from said windows; it is sometimes desirable to connect the curved
deflecting pieces with wire gauze, which will still further prevent the smoke and
flame from reaching the windows. A hot air channel from the hollow bottom leads
up to the side of the basket grate in front of the windows, for the purpose of
supporting combustion on the external surface of the fuel as before described, while
the window or door is arranged with a slot beneath, so that the outward movement
of the window frame permits cold air to rush in between the window and the fire
surface;
said slot may be opened or closed at pleasure. When wire gauze or
perforated metal plates are employed, both the hot and cold air inlets open between
the windows and the gauze. When kindling the fire the illumination windows
may be slid to the side or removed, and a solid frame or slide substituted
therefor. The grate is supplied or formed with a recess into which the "grate-
shaker" fits; said shaker is provided with a projection which can pass through the
shaking slot in the casing at one point only, although after having passed through
the opening the shaker may be freely moved from side to side for the purpose of
crushing the cinders, as before described. As the shaker can only be removed at
one point, it ensures the leaving of the recess in the grate exactly opposite said
opening, hence it is always readily found. If the grate be filled with coke,
asbestos, or other suitable substance, gas may be employed as the heating medium,
the heat being radiated to the floor, as in the case of the original stove described in
the Specification before referred to, it being understood that in general appearance
and in some of the details, as in the case of the cover, deflector, and discharge pipe,
the present Invention is combined with the earlier one.

page_text: Figure 5 represents a plan on the line y, y, Figure 2.
Figure 6 represents in sectional elevation a modification of the grate arrangement,
Figure 7 in an enlarged scale a portion of the casing shown in Figure 1.
Figure 8 represents the grate shaker.
Figure 9 represents in an enlarged scale details of the arrangement of parts
as shown in Figure 2.
Figure 10 represents a plan on line z, z, Figure 9.
A represents the exterior casing of sheet metal.
B, the domed shaped metal grate with a solid upwardly projecting portion for
the purpose of preventing the air from passing up through the centre, and for
compelling it to pass up at the sides against the fire bricks C, and so toward
the illuminating windows "a," which are preferably made of thin sheets of
mica set in the metal frames. The grate B is supported on permanent lugs "b"
attached to or made to form part of the sides of the fire or ash box; or, as shown in
the Drawing, where the permanent lugs are secured to the side of the air
channel "d." Projecting into the fire chamber D are permanent wedge shaped
pieces of metal e, which in combination with the moveable grate B act as
crushers for the cinders. Said grate when moved backward and forward in a
horizontal plane (by means of the grate shaker E hereafter described), leaves
alternately enlarged openings "f" on either side of the crushers, thus permitting
the crushed cinders to fall into the ash box F. At times it may be preferred to
support the grate on a central bar "g" resting on lugs b, b, as shown in
Figure 8, as this arrangement enables the grate to be tipped up or turned over for
the purpose of cleaning. Resting on supporting pieces at the sides of the fire box
are preferably corrugated fire bricks "C" the corrugation being next the metal
casing "h," in order that a hot air passage may be formed from the hollow
bottom G to the basket grate H, by means of the air channel d and the
corrugation "i" of the fire bricks. The basket grate may be placed directly upon
the top of the fire brick, but it is preferred to rest it upon the turned down portion
of the casing "h," as shown, as the air from the hollow bottom after becoming
beated by its contact with the fire bricks and the casing is then deflected upon the
sides of the fire, and rises at a still higher temperature along the sides of the basket
grate, and then supports increased combustion on the external surface of the mass of
burning material, and consequently supplies increased illuminating effects through

page_text: "
α
"
and
"
the windows "a." Said windows " α may be one or more in number, and are
surrounded in the interior of the stove with curved projecting pieces "j" which
deflect the smoke and flame from the mica sheets. It is some times desirable to
connect the deflecting pieces "j" with wire gauze or perforated sheet metal
plates "," for the purpose of still further protecting the windows from the smoke
and flames; and for this purpose it has also been found advantageous to employ a
hot air channel "d," leading from the hollow bottom G up to the side of the basket
grate H in front of the windows "a," as the air thus supplied will support
increased combustion on the external surface of the fuel, as before described. The
window or door is arranged with a knob and catch "b," so that when the frame is
moved outward, a draught of cold air is permitted to rush in between the window
and the fire surface, as shown by the arrows. When the wire gauze "k" is
employed, both the hot and cold air inlets open between the window "
gauze "," as shown. When kindling the fire the frame in which window a
rests may be removed by withdrawing it from the slot "m," and a solid frame may
be substituted. The doors also may be opened, and a solid sheet of metal
substituted therefore. The grate B is provided with a piece "n" containing a
recess into which the grate shaker E fits; said shaker E is provided with a
projection n¹, which can pass through the shaking slot I in the casing A at
one point only, as shown; although after having passed through the opening, the
shaker may be freely moved from side to side for the purpose of crushing the
cinders, as before described. As the shaker can only be removed at one point, it
ensures the leaving of the piece "n" exactly opposite said opening, hence it is
always readily found. If the grate be filled with coke, asbestos, or other suitable
material, gas may be employed as the heating medium. The smoke and fumes
from the fire pass out by the pipe O to the chimney, most of the beat they
contain being taken up by the air, which circulates around said pipe within the
casing P, which is open to the room. The amount of air admitted to the hollow
bottom "G" is regulated by means of the openings "t," which may be closed by a
slide piece or other suitable device. This arrangement enables a hot fire to be kept
up when perforations "t" are open, and a slow fire when perforations "t" are
closed and window "a" opened for the admission of cold air. The cap "Q" is
employed to radiate the heat in a downward direction, and to better and more
perfectly attain this object, as also to prevent the heat from rising, a piece or
plate "R" of silica or other refractory material is placed at the top of the stove, as
shown, a small space being preferably left between top of said plate and the casing;
upon the upper side of said casing sand may be placed, an air space being left above
which is open to the atmosphere. This arrangement of parts so well accomplishes
the object that in practice it has been found that in earth placed upon the second
casing plants and flowers will grow, and water placed in a globe or tank will
remain sufficiently cool for fish to live therein. When it is desired to keep water
warm by the aid of this stove, it is preferred to form part Qinto a water tank,
in which case the water will absorb much of the heat that would otherwise rise
about the stove. The water may be drawn off by means of the tap "q;" or, if it
is required at a higher temperature, a pipe may be coiled within the stove below
plate R, and led down to tap r" this arrangement enabling water to be
obtained at approximately a boiling temperature, while all danger from explosion
is obviated by the vapor from the heated water escaping through openings "8,"
said vapor tending to keep the atmosphere moist, and at an agreable point or
degree of saturation.
"
k
"
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, what I claim and desire to
secure by Letters Patent is,-
1st. The improvements in heating apparatus herein before described, consisting
of the combination of the dome shaped grate provided with a solid centre and
openings for the crushed cinders with the crushers, as and for the purposes set
forth.
2nd. The improvements in heating apparatus hereinbefore described, consisting

page_text: of the combination with the fire grate of the corrugated fire brick, which with its
casing provides air channels from the hollow bottom for supplying heated air to the
top and sides of the fire, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
3rd. The improvements in heating apparatus berein before described, consisting
in the combination with a fire grate B, bricks C, and casing h, of the superimposed
basket grate H, substantially as and for the purposes described.
4th. The improvements in heating apparatus herein before described, consisting
in the combination with door or window, as adapted for the admission of draught,
of deflecting piece j, with or without gauze K, substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
5th. The improvements in heating apparatus hereinbefore described, consisting
in providing casing A with shaking slot I through which the grate shaker E with
projection n can pass at one point only, substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
6th. The improvements in heating apparatus herein before described, consisting
in the combination with the casing A of cap Q and piece R, with receptacle above
for sand or other refractory or non conducting material, substantially as and for
the purposes described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Lewis Walker Leeds, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Tenth day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
Witness,
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
14, Southampton Bdgs.,
Chancery Lane,
London.
LEWIS W. LEEDS. (L.S.)