IM- PROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR GRINDING COFFEE, CORN, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, E.C., Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR GRINDING COFFEE, CORN, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
-A communication from Joseph Poole Pirsson, residing in New York.
Sealed the 3rd February 1860, and dated the 4th August 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald Brooman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 4th August 1859.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E.C., Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR GRINDING COFFEE, CORN, AND OTHER
SUBSTANCES," (communicated to me by Joseph Poole Pirsson, residing in New
York,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the coffee and other mills
intended for household use, by means of which improvements the mill is
rendered capable of producing a result long desired, but hitherto unattained
by any one mill for the purpose.
It is probably well known that to make economically a perfect extract
from parched and ground coffee the particles must be of uniform size, since,
if otherwise, the time required for the desired infusion of the finer particles
does not suffice to obtain all the virtues from the coarser, while if sufficient

page_text: time be given to avoid that loss, it is at the expense of delicacy of flavor
arising from over infusion of the finely ground parts. To effect then a grinding
of the desired character, the Inventor arranges compactly in one frame two
sets of implements, the first of which shall act as a breaker or cracker only,
and the second shall finish the operation. As a consequence of this construc
tion, such mill is also enabled to grind more rapidly with the same expenditure
of power. The improved mill is constructed as follows:-The Inventor
prepares a case having two conical grinding cavities or beds grooved or cut in
the usual manner, one cavity being placed directly over the other, and the
basis being on reversed or opposite sides. At A in the accompanying Drawings
is represented the upper one, and at B the lower. At C and D are two
appropriate grinders, also of the ordinary construction, turning upon proper
shafts, as shown. The upper grinder should rather be called a cracker, as it
is permanently set so coarsely as merely to break or crack up the coffee. The
lower grinder D, however, has an adjusting screw, as seen at E, whereby the
set may be regulated to any degree for grinding to the requisite, fineness.
Motion is communicated from one shaft to the other by a wheel and pinion
F, G, of such comparative sizes that the speed of D is about twice that of C,
which is found to be generally correct for coffee; at H is the hopper. In
grinding coffee by this mill, each grain is first subjected to the action of the
cracker, and is thereby broken up very coarsely, being then discharged through
the channel between C and D, to receive the action of the lower grinder D,
where it is reduced to the requisite degree of fineness and discharged as usual.
Inasmuch as a larger quantity can pass through the cracker C at one revo-
lution of its shaft by reason of the greater space, left around than in the
grinder, the latter must have an increased speed sufficient to compensate for
the difference in their spaces, and this is accordingly given by the gearing
F, G, which as before stated produces two revolutions of D to one of C.
Inasmuch also as the grains are reduced gradually instead of being broken
down at once, as in the old mills, the power requisite for performing the same
work is found to be much less, or rather with the same power twice the
quantity of work is done.
The mill may be enlarged in size over that appropriate for the grinding of
coffee, &c. in household purposes, the same principles of construction being
retained, and it then serves an excellent purpose in the grinding of corn
meal, &c., as a farm implement.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 4th February 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, E.C.;
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said Richard
Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to'
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should.
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR GRINDING COFFEE, CORN, AND OTHER
SUBSTANCES," (communicated to me by Joseph Poole Pirsson, residing in New
York,) upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Richard Archibald
Brooman, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe.
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal.
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
clate of the said Letters Patent.
- NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings héreunto.
annexed, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the coffee and other
mills intended for household use, by means of which improvements the mill is
rendered capable of producing a result long desired, but hitherto unattained
by any one mill for the purpose.
It is probably well known that to make economically a perfect extract from.
parched and ground coffee the particles must be of uniformi size, since, if

page_text: otherwise, the time required for the desired infusion of the finer particles does
not suffice to obtain all the virtues from the coarser, while if sufficient time be
given to avoid that loss, it is at the expense of delicacy of flavor arising from
over infusion of the finely ground parts. To effect then a grinding of the
desired character, the Inventor arranges compactly in one frame two sets of
implements, the first of which shall act as a breaker or cracker only, and the
second shall finish the operation. As a consequence of this construction, such
mill is also enabled to grind more rapidly with the same expenditure of power.
The improved mill is constructed as follows:-The Inventor prepares a case
having two conical grinding cavities or beds grooved or cut in the usual
manner, one cavity being placed directly over the other, and the bases being
on reversed or opposite sides. At A in the accompanying Drawings is
represented the upper one, and at B the lower; at C and D are two appropriate
grinders, also of the ordinary construction, turning upon proper shafts, as shewn.
The upper grinder should rather be called a cracker, as it is permanently set
so coarsely as merely to break or crack up the coffee. The lower grinder D,
however, has an adjusting screw, as seen at E, whereby the set may be
regulated to any degree for grinding to the requisite fineness. Motion is
communicated from one shaft to the other by a wheel and pinion F, G, of
such comparative sizes that the speed of D is about twice that of C, which is
found to be generally correct for coffee; at H is the hopper. In grinding
coffee by this mill, each grain is first subjected to the action of the cracker,
and is thereby broken up very coarsely, being then discharged through the
channel between C and D to receive the action of the lower grinder D, where
it is reduced to the requisite degree of fineness and discharged as usual.
Inasmuch as a larger quantity can pass through the cracker C at one revolution
of its shaft by reason of the greater space left around than in the grinder, the
latter must have an increased speed sufficient to compensate for the difference
in their spaces, and this is accordingly given by the gearing F, G, which, as
before stated, produces two revolutions of D to one of C. Inasmuch also as
the grains are reduced gradually instead of being broken down at once, as in
the old mills, the power requisite for performing the same work is found to be
much less, or rather with the same power twice the quantity of work is
done.
The mill may be enlarged in size over that appropriate for the grinding of
coffee, &c. in household purposes, the same principles of construction being
retained, and it then serves an excellent purpose in the grinding of corn meal,
&c., as a farm implement.