IMPROVEMENTS IN BURNING POTTERY AND CHINA WARES, AND IN KILNS EMPLOYED FOR SUCH PURPOSES
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Marriott Blashfield, of Stamford, in the County
of Lincoln, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BURNING POTTERY
AND CHINA WARES, AND IN KILNS EMPLOYED FOR SUCH PURPOSES."
Sealed the 21st August 1860, and dated the 1st March 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Marriott Blashfield
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 1st March 1860.
I, JOHN MARRIOTT BLASHFIELD, of Stamford, in the County of Lincoln,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BURNING
POTTERY AND CHINA WARES, AND IN KILNS EMPLOYED FOR SUCH PURPOSES," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in burning pottery and
china wares, and in kilns employed for such purposes. In place of employing
seggars introduced into ordinary kilns, and at the same time in order to
prevent the ware being injured by contact with the flame and products of
combustion, the ware is burned in the following manner:-The exterior wall

page_text: of a kiln may, as heretofore, be of a rectangular, or circular, or other suitable
horizontal section, and have above it a conical or suitable chimney; the roof or
ceiling of the kiln is of open brickwork; the interior of the kiln is lined with
fire-bricks, and according to the size of a kiln a greater or less number of fire-
holes of the ordinary construction is used. At a short distance from the
interior fire-brick lining, and within the kiln, a close chamber is constructed
of fire-brick, a space being left all round the exterior of the chamber and the
inner lining of the kiln; the chamber is tied or bonded at intervals to the
outer walls of the kiln, leaving free space, however, for the flames and
products of combustion to pass under the floor of the chamber, and up to and
over the roof or ceiling of such inner close chamber, and from thence up
through the open brickwork in the roof of the kiln into the chimney or cone
above. Thus the close chamber of the interior of the kiln may be considered
as a large seggar constructed within the kiln, from tho interior of which the
flames and products of combustion coming from the several fires are excluded.
The chamber has a doorway to admit of stacking and unstacking the ware,
which doorway is bricked up and luted with fire-clay when burning ware in
the kiln. The ware may be stacked or piled up one on the other, and on
suitable supports, as in an ordinary pottery kiln; or, where the class of ware
will admit of it, or for finer ware, and where it is desired to have séparate
compartments for pieces of ware, the interior of the chamber may be divided
by temporary floors of fire-clay tiles, supported and divided into any desired
sizes of separate compartments, by loose brickwork or fire-clay tiles. The space
between the inner lining and the outer surface of the close chamber is divided
by thin partitions of fire-brick, which are constructed from the bottom upwards
to a certain height between each two of the neighbouring fire-holes of a kiln,
so as to compel the flames and products of combustion coming from each fire-
hole to rise towards the roof, and not to pass laterally, so as to interfere with
cach other.

page_text: WHEREAS Her. most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Marriott Blashfield, Her special licence that I, the said John
Marriott Blashfield, executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said John Marriott Blashfield, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed; should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BURNING POTTERY AND CHINA WARES, AND IN KILNS EMPLOYED
FOR SUCH PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
John Marriott Blashfield, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should parti-
cularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Marriott Blashfield, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in burning pottery and china
wares, and in kilns employed for such purposes. In place of employing
seggars introduced into ordinary kilns, and at the same time in .order to
prevent the ware being injured by contact with the flame and products of
combustion, the ware is burned in the following manoer:-The exterior wall
of a kiln may, as heretofore, be of a rectangular, or circular, or other suitable
horizontal section, and have above it a conical or suitable chimney. The roof
or ceiling of the kiln is of open brickwork, the interior of the kiln is lined with
fire-bricks, and according to the size of a kiln a greater or less number of fire-
holes of the ordinary construction is used. At a short, distance from the
interior fire-brick lining, and within the kiln, a close chamber is constructed of
fire-brick, a space being left all round the exterior of the chamber and the
inner lining of the kiln. The chamber is tied or bonded at intervals to the outer
walls of the kiln, leaving free space, however, for the flames and products of
combustion to pass under the floor of the chamber, and up to and, over the roof

page_text: or ceiling of such inner close chamber, and from thence up through the open
brick work in the roof of the kiln into the chimney or cone above. Thus the
close chamber of the interior of the kiln may be considered as a large seggar
constructed within the kiln, from the interior of which the flames and products
of combustion coming from the several fires are excluded. The chamber has
a doorway to admit of stacking and unstacking the ware, which doorway is
bricked up and luted with fire-clay when burning ware in the kiln. The ware
may be stacked or piled up one on the other, and on suitable supports, as in an
ordinary pottery kiln; or where the class of ware will admit of it, or for finer
ware, and where it is desired to have separate compartments for pieces of ware,
the interior of the chamber may be divided by temporary floors of fire-clay
tiles, supported and divided into any desired sizes of separate compartments
by loose brick work or fire-clay tiles. The space between the inner lining and
the outer surface of the closed chamber is divided by thin partitions of fire-
brick, which are constructed from the bottom upwards to a certain height
between each two of the neighbouring fire-holes of a kiln, so as to compel the
flames and products of combustion coming from each fire-hole to rise towards
the roof, and not to pass laterally, so as to interfere with each other.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed more fully
to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 shows a vertical section of a kiln constructed according to
and suitable for carrying out my Invention, and it is peculiarly suited for
burning unglazed or biscuit ware. Figure 2 shows a horizontal section taken
at the lines A, B, and C, D, in Figure 1. E, E, is the external wall of the
kiln, and also of the cone or chimney above, having suitable fire-holes F, F,
around the lower parts of the same. The Drawing shows a circular construc-
tion of kiln, but it may, if desired, be of other horizontal section. The lower
parts G, G, of the kiln are lined with fire-brick. H, H, is an inner chamber
built of fire-brick. The brickwork of the lining G and the brickwork of the
chamber Hare bonded together by fire-bricks at intervals, in such manner as
to leave a space between the lining G and the exterior of the chamber H, so
that the flames and products of combustion from the fire-holes or furnaces may
pass under the chamber E. and all around such chamber, and then pass off at
the openings I in the upper part of the lining G. In addition to the space
between the lining G and the chamber H, if preferred, a temporary flue J
may be run up in the centre, to admit of the passage through it of some of the

page_text: products of combustion passing from the fires. The flames and products of
combustion are kept from passing into the chamber H, which may thus be con-
sidered a large seggar, the ware not requiring other seggars, or to be covered,
as has been required when burning like ware in other kilns where the flames
and products of combustion are conducted into and pass freely through the
bodies of the kilns and act directly on the ware, unless contained in seggars or
covered by paper and clay.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Marriott Blashfield, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
JOHN M. BLASHFIELD. (L.S.)