IMPROVEMENTS IN THE STEEL PINNED COVERING FOR RAG AND WASTE TEARING OR GRINDING AND OTHER ANALOGOUS MACHINES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Richards Harding and Thomas Walter Harding,
both of the Tower Works, Globe Road Leeds in the County of York, Card,
Comb and Pin Manufacturers for an invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
STEEL PINNED COVERING FOR RAG AND WASTE TEARING OR GRINDING AND
OTHER ANALOGOUS MACHINES
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Richards Harding
& Thomas Walter Harding at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
on the 12th May 1882.
THOMAS RICHARDS HARDING and THOMAS WALTER HARDING, both of the
Tower Works, Globe Road, Leeds in the County of York, Card, Comb and Pin
manufacturers "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE STEEL PINNED COVERING FOR RAG AND
WASTE TEARING OR GRINDING AND OTHER ANALAGOUS MACHINES
"
Our invention relates to improvements in the steel pinned covering for rag and
waste tearing or grinding machines and other machines of a similar nature.
This has hitherto been made in wood and metal segments or lags, into which
the steel teeth or pins are driven, the projecting part of such pins being formed
with a round taper, produced by forging, the shanks or roots being left square.
The pins or teeth have also been made of round wire, either single or double
(staple form) as described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to one of
us, the said Thomas Walter Harding, N° 1123, dated March 20th 1879.
Now our improvements consist in making and using teeth or pins having a
flat or oblong cross-sectional form, which has the advantage of presenting in their
working direction reduced thickness, combined with greater strength, by which a
better quality of work is obtained with considerably less power than by the use
of round taper forged teeth or pins, or those made from round wire, whether in
the single or staple form, such teeth or pins from their taper form, become as they
wear down, gradually thicker and less adapted to the work they have to perform.
Our improved teeth or pins may be produced from round wire, being first

page_text: suitably tapered and afterwards flattened, by any of the well known processes,
such as for instance, as pressure between dies.
In order to prevent the teeth flying out when at work, we prefer to use the
flattened teeth in the staple form, either wholly or partially flattened, or where
single teeth or pins are preferred, to form them with a head, which may be similar
to an ordinary nail head, or a portion of the root end of said teeth or pins may be
bent or turned over sideways, or a small portion of the round wire may be left on
(or unflattened) so as to form a projection on both sides (as a T head) or the root
may be flattened transversely, or when the tooth or pin is flattened the whole
length, the root may be twisted, all which forms are intended to prevent said
teeth or pins being drawn through the wooden lag or metal covering when they
become loose by working.
Instead of using round tapered wire, flattened, the flat teeth may be made of
"flat wire" either cut square across, or at such an angle as to form a bevilled or
chisel like point, and afterwards formed into staples, or when used singly, formed
with a nail or other kind of head as previously described.
Fer fixing the fat teeth or pins into the wood or metal segments, holes are
required of a corresponding shape to the cross section of the teeth or pins; these
are produced by drilling two holes and punching out or otherwise removing the
intervening part, or single holes may be drilled and shaped to the required form
either by passing through them one or more punches or by the action of a
reciprocating saw.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Thomas Richards Harding & Thomas Walter Harding in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st November 1882.
THOMAS RICHARDS HARDING and THOMAS WALTER HARDING, both of the
Tower Works, Globe Road, Leeds, in the County of York, Card, Comb and Pin
Manufacturers " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE STEEL PINNED COVERING FOR RAG AND
WASTE TEARING OR GRINDING AND OTHER ANALOGOUS MACHINES,"
"
Our Invention relates to improvements in the steel pinned covering for rag and
waste tearing or grinding machines, and other machines of a similar nature. This
has hitherto been made in wood and metal segments or lags into which the steel
teeth or pins are driven, the projecting part of such pins being formed with a
round taper produced by forging, the shanks or roots being left square. The pins
or teeth have also been made of round wire, either single or double (staple forin)
as described in the specification of Letters Patent granted to one of us, the said
Thomas Walter Harding, N° 1123, dated March 20. 1879.
Now our improvements consist in making and using teeth or pins having a flat
or oblong cross-sectional form-This form has the advantage of reduced thick-
ness combined with greater strength in the working direction, and by its use a
better quality of work is obtained with considerably less power than by the use
of round taper forged teeth or pins, or of pins or teeth made from round wire
whether in the single or staple form; such teeth or pins, from their taper form, as
they wear shorter become, or present to the material under operation, gradually
thicker or enlarged points or working parts, and are therefore less adapted to the
work they have to perform.
Our improved teeth or pins may be produced from round wire, being first
suitably tapered and afterwards flattened by any of the well known processes, such
for instance as pressure between dies.
In order to prevent the teeth flying out when at work, we prefer to use the
flattened teeth in the staple form, either wholly or partially flattened, or where
single teeth or pins are used, to form them with a head which may be similar to
an ordinary nail head, or a portion of the root end of said teeth or pins may be
bent or turned over sideways, or a small portion of the round wire may be left on
(or unflattened) so as to form a projection on both sides (resembling a T, head)
or a portion of the root may be flattened transversely, or when the tooth or pin
is flattened the whole length, the root may be twisted, all of which forms are
intended to prevent said teeth or pins being drawn through the wooden lag or
metal covering when when they become loose by working.
Instead of using round tapered wire flattened, the flat teeth may be made of
"flat wire" either cut square across, or at such an angle as to form a bevilled
or chisel-like point, and be afterwards formed into staples, or when used singly
they may be formed with a nail or other kind of head as previously described.
For fixing the flat teeth or pins into the wood or metal segments, holes are
required of a corresponding shape to the cross-section of the teeth or pins, these
are produced by drilling two holes and punching out or otherwise removing the
intervening part, or single holes may be drilled and shaped to the required form
either by passing through them one or more punches or by the action of a
reciprocating saw.
In the accompanying sheet of drawings are shown examples of various kinds
of pins according to this invention. Figs. 1. and 2. show in edge and side views
pins A, made from round wire. These pins have each end first ground to a
round taper forin, and are afterwards flattened their whole length and bent to the
staple form. Figs. 3, and 4, show pins A, made from round wire, ground as above
described, after which, the parts B, B, are flattened, leaving the middle portion B 1,
of the wire in its normal state, they are then bent to the staple form as described

page_text: with reference to Figs, 1, and 2,--Figs. 5, and 6, show in edge and side elevations
a single form of pin A, also made from round wire, the end or point being ground
to a round taper and afterwards flattened and formed with a head similar to that
of an ordinary nail as shown at C,-Fig. 7, shows a single pin A, of the half staple
kind, also made from round wire, with its end or point ground as beforementioned,
then flattened its whole length, and a portion of its broad end turned sideways so
as to form a kind of head or half staple as at D,—Figs, 8, and 9, show in edge and
side elevations a single form of pin A, made from round wire, first ground taper
as above referred to, and afterwards flattened nearly the whole of its length,
leaving a small portion at E, in its round state, thus forming another kind of
head. Figs 10, and 11, show a form of single pin A, made from round wire and
ground to a round taper as beforementioned and afterwards flattened nearly the
whole length, leaving a short portion F, which we flatten at about right angles to
the other part of said pin, thus forming another kind of head.-Fig, 12, shows
a single pin A formed of round wire ground taper as above described, and flattened
the whole of its length, a short portion G, being twisted to about a right angle
with the other part, thus forming another kind of head.-Figs 13, and 14, show in
side and edge elevations, pins A, made of flat wire, having their ends or points cut
either square across or at an angle (chisel form) as shown, after which they may be
made in the form of staples or half staples, or with a twisted or other form of head
as previously referred to.
Having described the nature of our said invention and the manner of carrying
the same into practical effect, we would have it understood that what we consider
to be novel and original and therefore claim as secured to us by the Letters Patent
herein before first in part recited is
1. In steel pinned covering of rag and waste tearing or grinding and analogous
machines the use of pins comprising an acting or working portion, presenting a
reduced thickness in the working direction, and a root portion constructed in such
a way as to prevent the pins being drawn through the wooden lag or metal
covering when they become loose, substantially as described.
2. In steel pinned covering for rag and waste tearing or grinding and analogous
machines wherein pins of the kind referred to in the preceding claim are used,
making such pins with the acting or working portion tapered in one or more
directions substantially as described and illustrated.
3. Constructing pins for the pinned covering of rag and waste tearing or
grinding and analogous machines as described with reference to and shewn respec-
tively in Figs, 1, and 2,-in Figs, 3, and 4,-in Figs, 5, and 6,-in Fig, 7,-in
Figs 8, and 9, in Figs, 10, and 11,-in Fig, 12.-and in Figs, 13, and 14 of the
drawings.
In Witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Richards Harding, for myself, and
on behalf of the said Thomas Walter Harding, have hereunto set my hand
and seal this Twenty eighth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
Witness to the signature of the
said Thomas Richards Harding,
THOS E CRAVEN C.E
Patent Agent
THOMAS RICHARDS HARDING (L.S.)
24 Victoria Chambers
South Parade
Leeds