• IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING PILE FABRICS
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexis.Delemer, of Radcliffe, in the County
of Lancaster, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
• IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING PILE FABRICS."
Sealed the 28th March 1858, and dated the 6th October 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexis Delenier at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 6th October 1852.
.1, ALEXIS DELEMED, of Radcliffe, in the County of Lancaster, Gen-
tleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention. for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING PILE
FABRICS" to be as follows, and relates chiefly to the machinery or
apparatus for cutting the threads to raise or form the pile; for which
purpose 1 fix a bar formed of two separate plates between the breast
beam and the slay, under which the cloth passes as it is woven;
between these two plates I fix a number of small knives, which are
held firmly in their places between the said plates by screw bolts.. This
bar, with the knives thus fixed, may be either stationary or may have a
backward and forward motion, obtained from the tappet shaft or other
convenient manner, if moveable; the said motion must be regulated so

page_text: as to be just sufficient to cut the threads, which motion, as well as the
necessary power to regulate it and keep it in its place, may be obtained
in various ways.
I also use a peculiar and improved mechanical temple to keep the
cloth properly stretched and the selvedges straight. I form this
temple of two rollers set at a distance from and parallel with each
other; on each end of these rollers I fix an endless band, parallel with
the selvedges of the cloth, on which bands I fix or attach porcupine
projections, which perforate the cloth and keep it straight and even.
I also use an extra reed near the back of the loom for the purpose
of keeping the warp threads in an oven and regular position during
the process of weaving.
The principle of these improvements will be easily understood by
reference to the accompanying outline sketch or drawing, in which the
sanic letters of reference are used to represent similar parts when
different views or diagrams are shown. Fig. 1, represents a front
elevation of the loom; Fig. 2, a side elevation; Fig. 3, a plan;
Fig. 4, a view of the temple; and Fig. 5, a view of the knife. a,
represents the frame of the loom; b, the slay; c, the cloth after it is
woven and on its passage to the cloth beam d; e, the shaft, on the top
of which is fixed my apparatus to hold the knives f; g, screw bolts to
hold the knives firmly between the two plates ; the temple is shown
at Fig. 4, as stated above.
I wish it to be distinctly understood that this is only an outline de-
scription of my Invention, which I shall more fully and clearly explain

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the 'Sixth day of October," in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, and in the six-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Alexis Delemer, Her especial license
that I, the said Alexis Delemer, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Alexis Delemer, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any tinie agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING PILED FABRICS," upou
the condition (amongst others) that I, the' said Alexis Delemer, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, as reference
being thereunto had will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexis Delemer, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, that is to say:.
My Invention relates, firstly, to implements in the machinery or
apparatus to be attached to a weaving loom for the purpose of
cutting the threads or loops which are raised on the surface of a
woven fabric, to form what is technically called the pile, and which
has hitherto generally been accomplished by a separate process,
sometimes by hand and sometimes by power, but which I effect
by one continuous operation as the fabric is woven.
I fix an
apparatus in the form of a bar between the breast and the slay,
and parallel with them, so as to be over that part of the fabric just
woven; to this bar, which may be made of one plate of iron, brass,

page_text: or other suitable, metal or material; I fix 'in any convenient manner
a number of cutters or small knives, with sharp ends projecting
below the bar, and so adjusted as to touch and cut the threads or loops
raised on the surface of the fabric; this bar with the cutters or knives:
may be stationery, and thus cut the threads or loops as the fabric
is drawn under them by the cloth beam, or it may have a slight back-:
ward and forward motion, same as the slay, which motion I obtain from
the crank or tappet shaft by lovers in any convenient manner. Instead:
of one plate to form the said bar, two plates, parallel to each other, may
be used, so that the cutters or knives may be secured between them by.
screw bolts; but I consider it immaterial how or in what manner the.
said cutters or knives are fixed to the bar, so that they are fixed firmly.
and truly in the proper position for cutting the threads or loops on the
surface of the fabric without injuring the body or foundation thereof.
I also use an extra reed near the back of the loom for the purpose of
keeping the warp threads in an even and regular position during the
process of weaving. Secondly, to an improved mechanical temple for:
the purpose of keeping the cloth or fabric stretched out to its proper
width, and the selvidges straight, during the process of weaving, which
I effect by means of two pulleys or rollers set at a distance from and
parallel with each other; over these rollers I fix an endless strap or
band of leather, or other suitable material, to revolve parallel with the
selvidges.of the cloth or fabric, either under or over it, into which strap
or band I fix or attach a number of pins or projections, which perforate
the edges of the cloth for fabric as it is woven, and thus keep it stretched
out to its full width and the selvedges straight; these pins or projections
may be straight, porcupine, or any other shape as will be found most
convenient in practice. The principle of these improvements will be
clearly understood by reference to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings,
on which the figures are progressively numbered, and the same letters
of reference used to represent similar parts where different views or
diagrams are shewn. Figure 1, is a front elevation of a loom with my
improved apparatus attached; Figures 2, and 3, end views of the same;
Figure 4, a plan thercof;. Figure. 5, a view of my improved temple;

page_text: and Figure 6, a view of the cutting apparatus, both of which are on an
enlarged scale.. a, represents the frame of the loom;.b, the, fast and..
loose pulleys; c, the crank shaft; d, the connecting rods; e, the sword-
arms; f, the breast beam; g, the yarn beam; h, the cloth; i, .the cloth
beam; k, supports; 1, screws and nuts; m, pedestals, in the retangular
bearings of which at n, are fitted the ends of the bar o, which form the
abutments or supports to which the knives are attached. When the
cutting apparatus has the backward and forward motion it is obtained
as follows:-Towards the top of the pedestals m, are pins or fulcrums pa
which can be adjusted vertically for obtaining a less or greater length
of stroke. Upon these fulcrums are the levers q, having slots at their
upper and lower ends for the purpose of regulating the length of the
cut; the upper slot encircles or clasps the ends of the bar o; the levers
at the lower ends are connected by the connecting rods r, to the sword.
arms e; thus motion is obtained at each stroke of the sword arms. Upon
the supports s, are mounted the rods t, placed horizontally, upon which
the aforesaid pulleys or rollers turn to carry the endless strap 'or band,
with pins or projections, as before stated, for perforating the cloth or
fabric, either under or over it, for the purpose of keeping it stretched
or acting as a mechanical temple. The said pulleys or rollers can be
moved transversely, and afterwards retained in their required positions
by, the blocks n, and set screws v; the vertical adjustment of the temple
is obtained by means of the slots in the supports s. In the bar o, are
fixed two small guides a, which pass through plates fixed to the reed
frame, for the purpose of keeping the bar and knives in their proper
relative position to the reed. The extra reed is shewn at y; there also
is placed a cross beam or bar z, under the cloth, and knives to support
the pressure of the cut.
Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of my said
improvements, I desire it to be distinctly understood that I do not
confine myself to the exact details thereof, as such may be varied or
modified without departing from the principle of my Invention; but
I claim, firstly, the mechanical construction and arrangement of
apparatus, as herein described, for cutting the threads or loops raised

page_text: on the surface of woven fabrics to form the pile. Secondly, the con-
struction and method of working the mechanical temple, as herein
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexis Delemer, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Thrithieth day of March, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-three.
Signed, sealed, and delivered
by the said Alexis Delemer
in the presence of
ALEXIS DELEMER, père,
Commerçant, Lille.
A. DELEMER. (L.S.)