Improvements in Cylindrical Casks or Drums.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 17th May, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 19th Feb.. 1894-Accepted, 24th Mar., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Cylindrical Casks or Drums.
I, RICHARD EMIL MAGNUS LAGERWALL, of No. 157, Southwark Bridge
Road, in the Parish of Saint George the Martyr, Southwark, in the County of
London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in cylindrical casks or drums of wood.
In cylindrical casks or drums made from wood staves as at present manufactured
a common cause of trouble is that the staves separate by shrinkage with the result
that the cask becomes leaky and frequently unfit for use, and the objects of my
invention are to provide against this defect and to facilitate the building up of
the cask.
For this purpose, I form the staves from one edge to the other of gradually
decreasing thickness in transverse section, and I form each stave at its thick edge
upon its inner side with a recess or countersink extending the entire length thereof,
and adapted to receive the thin edge of the next adjacent stave, so that the finished
cask or drum will present a practically flush or even surface upon its interior thereby
providing for the tight fitting of the heads.
In constructing a cask or drum of the character herein before described the lining
or inner hoops upon which the heads find a bearing, are first placed upon a form
and the staves are then placed in position around the hoops and fastened thereto by
nailing or otherwise and the external hoops are then secured in position by nails or
other suitable means.
By the means herein before described I obtain a perfectly tight cylinder or drum
and thus render the same suitable for many purposes to which the ordinary cask is
not so well adapted by reason of the shrinkage between the staves rendering it
leaky.
Inasmuch as the cask requires less material and labor than ordinary casks it is of
less weight and can be produced at a comparatively small cost.
Dated this 16th der of Nov 1893
VAUGHAN & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Cylindrical Casks or Drums.
I, RICHARD EMIL MAGNUS LAGERWALL, of No. 157, Southwark Bridge
Road, in the Parish of Saint George the Martyr, Southwark, in the County of
London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My said invention relates to improvements in cylindrical casks or drums
of wood.
In cylindrical casks or drums, made from wood staves as at present manufactured,
a common cause of trouble is that the staves separate by shrinkage with the result
that the cask becomes leaky and frequently unfit for use, and the objects of my
invention are to provide against this defect, and to facilitate the building up of
the cask.
For this purpose, I form the staves from one edge to the other of gradually
Q21

page_text: decreasing thickness in transverse section, and I form each stave at its thick edge
upon its inner side with a recess or countersink extending the entire length thereof,
and adapted to receive the thin edge of the next adjacent stave, so that the finished
cask or drum will present a practically flush or even surface upon its interior,
thereby providing for the tight fitting of the heads.
In constructing a cask or drum of the character herein before described, the lining
or inner hoops upon which the heads find a bearing, are first placed upon a form or
other suitable support and the staves are then placed in position around the hoops,
being fastened thereto by nailing or otherwise, and the external hoops are then
secured in position by nails or other suitable means.
And in order that the said invention may be more clearly understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed, aided by the accompanying drawings, more fully
to describe the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1. is an elevation, with part broken away, representing a cylindrical cask
or drum constructed according to the present invention.
Figure 2. is a horizontal section thereof taken on the line 1-1 of Figure 1, and,
Figure 3. is an end view of one of the staves before it is bent to the form of the
inner hoops and drawn to an enlarged scale.
In the several figures like parts are indicated by similar letters of reference.
a. represents the staves of the cask or drum, b. represents the external hoops,
c. represents the internal hoops, whilst d represents the heads.
The staves a. are formed, from one edge to the other, of gradually decreasing
thickness in transverse section, as represented more particularly at Figure 3, and,
at its thick edge upon its inner side, each stave is formed with a recess or
countersink a¹ which is preferably undercut, as represented in the drawings.
The recess or countersink a¹ extends the entire length of the stave a. and is
adapted to receive the thin edge of the next adjacent stave, so that the finished
cask or drum will present a practically flush or even surface upon its. interior as
represented more particularly at Figure 2, thereby providing for the tight fitting of
the heads d.
In constructing a cask or drum of the character herein before described, the lining
or inner hoops c., at the ends of the cask or drum upon which the heads d. find a
bearing, are first placed upon any suitable form (not shown), and the staves a. are
then placed in position, one at a time, around the internal hoops c. being each
fastened in position by nailing to the hoops c. or otherwise, and the external hoops b.
are then placed in position and secured to the staves a by nails or other suitable
means and finally, when the cask or drum is otherwise complete, one of the heads is
placed in position and the cask or drum is ready to receive its charge.
The staves a. are, in the first instance, formed flat as represented at Figure 3, but,
inasmuch as they are formed of very thin material, they easily assume the bent form
represented at Figure 2., upon being fixed in position around the form.
By the means hereinbefore described, I obtain a perfectly tight cylinder or
drum, and thus render the same suitable for many purposes for which the ordinary
cask is not so well adapted by reason of the shrinkage between the staves rendering
it leaky.
Inasmuch as the staves are exceptionally thin, the cask requires less material and
less labour than an ordinary cask, and is consequently of less weight and can be
produced at a less cost.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a cylindrical cask or vessel, forming each stave with a recess or
countersink upon its inner side along one edge, substantially as herein shown and

page_text: 2. In a cylindrical cask or vessel, forming each stave of gradually decreasing
thickness in transverse section and with a recess or countersink upon its inner side
and along its thick edge, substantially as herein shown and described.
3. In a cylindrical cask or drum, the combination of a number of staves each of
gradually decreasing thickness in transverse section and having a
recess or
countersink upon its inner side and along its thick edge to receive the thin edge of
the next adjacent stave, internal hoops to support the staves and form seats for the
beads and external hoops to hold the staves together, substantially as herein shown
and described.
Dated this 19th day of February 1894.
VAUGHAN & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.