Improvements in the Manufacture of Pile Fabrics and in Machinery or Apparatus Employed in such .Manufacture.
Year: 1885

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Pile Fabrics and in
Machinery or Apparatus Employed in such .Manufacture.
THE
I JAMES SILLAVAN, of 52 Faulkner Street, Manchester, Lancashire, Merchant,
IN
do hereby declare the nature of said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS
MANUFACTURE OF PILE FABRICS AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN
SUCH MANUFACTURE, to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to weave a double pile fabric united by the
threads which when cut form the pile and further to improve the mechanism for
inserting and withdrawing the wire and also for dividing the pieces by cutting tho
pile.
In weaving a fast double pile fabric according to my Invention I employ one or
more warp beams, say two, one of which contains the warp for the back of each
piece of the double fabric and the other beam contains the yarn for the pile.
I prefer to use an ordinary Woodcroft tappet and six heald shafts and to draw the
warps in the order illustrated by the following diagram or in other convenient
Mannar

page_text: other shaft, the point of the wire passing through and being supported by a
movable finger carried in a bracket secured to the breast beam of the loom.
The cutting apparatus consists of a revolving circular knife supported in a
bracket guided by slides or in other convenient manner and fitted on a long screw,
one of the ends of which passes through a projection on the frame and carries fast
and loose pulleys with open and crossed straps by which the screw is driven in
both directions to traverse the bracket and cutter to and fro. The starting rod of
the cutting motion carries adjustable stop pieces which are struck by the bracket
to reverse the motion of the screw.
In place of using an ordinary screw and driving it in two directions to traverse
the knife to and fro I may employ a shaft with a right and left hand screw thread
formed on it or in place of a screw I may traverse the knife by means of an
eccentric or crank connected to the bracket by rods and levers.
The revolving motion is given to the knife by means of an endless chain which
is driven from the screw or other convenient part of the loom.
The knife is sharpened preferably, by means of two emery or other wheels or
stones one on either side of the knife driven from the knife spindle, endless chain
or otherwise and revolving in contact with the knife but in the opposite direction.
I arrange the knife with its appurtenances so that the knife can be moved nearer
to or farther from the cloth for adjustment and also to enable the cloth to be
removed when cut and finished.

page_text: Machinery or Apparatus Employed in such Manufacture.
I JAMES SILLAVAN, of 52 Faulkner Street, Manchester, Lancashire, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF PILE FABRICS, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED
IN SUCH MANUFACTURE, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
The object of my Invention is to weave a double pile fabric united by the threads
which when cut form the pile and further to improve the mechanism for inserting
and withdrawing the wire and also for dividing the pieces by cutting the pile.
In weaving a fast double pile fabric according to. my Invention I employ one or
more warp beams, say two, one of which contains the warp for the back of each
piece of the double fabric and the other bean contains the yarn for the pile.
I prefer to use an ordinary Woodcroft tappet and six heald shafts, and to draw the
warps in the order illustrated by the following diagram, or in other convenient
mannAN

page_text: In place of using an ordinary screw and driving it in two directions to traverse
the knife to and fro I may employ a shaft with a right and left hand screw thread
formed on it. The revolving motion is given to the knife by means of an endless
chain which is driven from the screw or other convenient part of the loom.
The knife is sharpened preferably by means of two emery or other wheels or
stones one on either side of the knife driven from the knife spindle, endless chain,
or otherwise and revolving in contact with the knife but in the opposite direction.
I arrange the knife with its appurtenances so that the knife can be moved
nearer to or farther from the cloth for adjustment, and also to enable the cloth to
be removed when cut and finished.
And in order that my invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into effect I will describe the accompanying three sheets of Drawings reference
being had to the Figures and Letters marked thereon.
Figure 1 is a front elevation Figure 2 an end view and Figure 3 a plan of a
loom for weaving and cutting a double pile fabric to which my Improvements
are applied Figure 2ª is a detailed view of the wire carriage and arrangements
for guiding the same and Figure 4 is a diagram of the drawing in and tie up of
the warp.
Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.
a is the frame of the loom, b the crank shaft on which are fixed the fly
wheels bb provided with tappets b b for actuating the picking motion There
is also a pinion 65, on the crank shaft b, which gears into and drives a pinion c'
fixed on the tappet shaft c; on the shaft c are also keyed the tappets c³ ³ connected
with the picking motion, a tappet c for actuating the guide for the wire and a
tappet for operating the taking up motion for the fabric; d are the healds, e the
lathe and the lathe sword f the warp beam for the ground or back warp, and
f¹ the warp beam for the pile; g is the spring handle for starting the loom-The
picking shafts or arme h have each a tongue h¹ secured to them, which tongues are
acted upon by pivoted levers i the ends of which are moved by the tappets c³ c³
to bring the tongues h¹ into position to be struck by the tappets b3b+ on the fly
wheels.
The motion for inserting and withdrawing the wire is actuated by a specially
constructed cam ; mounted on a stud j¹ and secured to a spur wheel driven by a
pinion be on the crank shaft b which makes five revolutions for one of the wheel,
and cam The function of the cam j is to raise and lower the end of the lever k
which is pivoted to the frame a at k and connected at the other end by a rod k²
to the arm of a lever 7 secured to a short shaft ; To the short shaft l¹ is also
secured a lever m connected to a bar m¹ fulcrumed at m³ and attached at the
other end by a link m³ to a carriage n which is free to slide on guides n¹ n² secured
to a guide plate a¹ fixed on the front part of the loom-The carriage n is actuated
when the cam j raises or depresses the end of the lever k and so rocks the shaft l'
and actuates the rocking bar m¹ which by the link m³ imparts a reciprocating
motion to the carriage n-Hinged to the carriage n is a piece n³ on which are
formed two tongues or projections n n³ of which the projection n' bears against
the front surface of the guide plate a', and the projection n³ slides on the upper
surface of the plate a-The hinged piece n is held in its normal position by a
plate spring n which is secured to the carriage n until the carriage comes opposite
to a recess a which frees the projections n' and no and allows the hinged piece n³
to be turned upward-The wire o is or may be thicker for the sake of greater
strength at the end, where it is secured firmly in this piece n³ so that the wire o
moves with the carriage n whenever the latter is actuated by the cam j as above
described. The other end of the wire o passes through a guide piece ? connected
to a plate ppl which is free to slide a certain distance in a horizontal slot in a plate r
secured to the front part of the frame; there is also in the plater a vertical slot
which meets the horizontal slot, and the free end of a lever a projects through this
vertical slot; the lever s is fulcrumed at s' and connected at the other end to a
rod by which it is connected to a lever which is pivoted to the frame at &

page_text: and provided with a spring 85-The lever 8 is actuated by the tappet c' on
the tappet shaft c in such manner that when the lever is struck by the
tappet c* the lever 8 moves in the vertical slot in the plate and strikes against
the end of the plate p' in the horizontal slot thus shooting forward the plate pl
and the guide piece p and moving the point of the wire o into the desired position,
i.e. forward or toward the lathe e for an instant as the wire is being inserted into
the open shed by the action of the cam j-After three picks of weft have been put
in the wire o is withdrawn from the woven fabric by the action of the cam ; while
the shuttle is at rest in the box, and as the projections n' n° on the hinged piece n³
come opposite the recess a³ in the guide plate a¹ the hinged piece n³ travels up the
incline as the lathe e beats up and when the lathe retires the spring nⓇ returns
the hinged piece n³ to its normal position the tappet of a Ivanc's the point of the
wire for a moment when the cam jas already described actuates the carriage and
inserts the wire o into the open shed-The cam ; is so shaped that the wire is with-
drawn from the woven fabric at the time of every fourth pick and inserted into
the open shed at the time of every fifth pick while the shuttle is at rest in
the box.
•
The cutting apparatus is arranged and actuated as follows:-On the shaft t are
mounted three loose pulleys t t and one fast pulley t for open and crossed
belts by means of which the shaft may be driven in either direction; or in some
cases it might be more convenient to mount the pulleys on the extended end of
the screw The shaft t drives by means of the gears to to and u¹ the screw u which
passes through a nut fixed in the knife carriage v-The spindle w of the revolving
knife or cutter w¹ is supported in a bearing in the carriage v which is guided by
slide rods v¹ and is traversed along the screw u according to the direction in which
the shaft t is rotated. The slide rods v¹ form part of a frame v which is fitted and
free to slide on the frame a, and the upper end of the knife spindle wis guided in
a groove ³ formed in the frame 3 which is provided with two adjusting screws vs.
The screws may be turned simultaneously by means of the worm shaft v³ to
move the frame with the carriage and cutter w¹ nearer to or farther from the
fabric In addition to this adjustinent I propose, if required, to arrange that the
breast beams a³ a' over which the fabric passes when it is being cut, may be moved
or adjusted by screws or otherwise to bring the centre of the fabric opposite the
cutter w¹. The revolving motion is given to the cutter by means of a bevel
wheel w² fixed on the spindle w and geared with a bevel wheel x fitted and free to
slide on a feather key formed on the shaft t; the bevel wheel x is held constantly
in gear with the bevel wheel w³ by means of an arm v taking into the space
between the back of the wheel x and a collar formed on the boss of the said
wheel.
The motion of the shaft t screw u, carriage vand of the cutter w¹ is con-
trolled and reversed by a strap fork guide bar y which is fitted and free to slide
lengthwise to shift the belts on the driving pulleys of the shaft t. On the said
bar y is fixed the starting handle y as well as two adjustable stop pieces y³ y³
which project over the lower guide rod so that when the carriage v with the
revolving cutter w₁ comes against one or other of the stop pieces y² y³ it moves the
strap fork guide bar y and reverses the motion of the shaft t carriage v and
cutter w¹. The strap fork guide bar y may also be moved to shift the belts and
stop the cutting notion by means of the treadle y' and treadle lever y which is
connected to the bary. The cutter w¹ is sharpened by two emery or other wheels or
stones driven from the spindle w'in the opposite direction to that in which the
cutter is revolving by means of gears not shown; or stationary pieces of stone
may be held in any convenient manner in contact with the revolving cutter to keep
it sharp.
In place of having a cutting motion for each loom it may sometimes be more
convenient to employ my improved cutting apparatus as a separate machine
which would be capable of cutting the fabric woven by a number of looms.
The diagram Figure 4, illustrates my improved drawing in and tie up for
weaving a double fabric with fast pile, the warp for the back of the bottom fabric

page_text: is drawn into the two back heald shafts Nos 5 and 6-the warp for the back of
the top fabric is drawn into No 3 and 4 heald shafts, and the warp for the pile is
drawn into the two front heald shafts Nos 1 and 2.
The wire is inserted into the open shed with N 1 and 2 down, N° 3 and 4 up and
No 5 and 6 down; first change, No 1 and 2 rise N° 3 falls N° 4 remains up and
Nos 5 and 6 remain down; second change No 1 and 2 fall, Nos 3 and 4 cross
and No 5 and 6 remain down; third change, No 1 and 2 rise, Nos 3 and 4 cross
and No 5 and 6 remain down; fourth change N° 3. rises and the wire is with-
drawn and next the wire is inserted while the shuttle is at rest in the box and the
shafts remain stationary; sixth change N° 1 and 2 fall, No 3 and 4 remain up
and No 5 and 6 cross; seventh change N° 1 and 2 rise, N° 3 and 4 remain up,
No 5 and 6 cross; eighth change Nos 1 and 2 fall, No 3 and 4 remain up, N° 5
and 6 cross; ninth change N° 5 falls and the wire is withdrawn and again inserted
the changes being repeated in the order described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. In a loom for weaving double pile fabrics the improved mechanism for with-
drawing the wire from the woven fabric at the time of every fourth pick and
inserting the wire into the open shed at the time of every fifth pick substantially
in the manner and for the purposes herein set forth.
2. In a loom for weaving a double pile fabric the use and application of a cam
for effecting the complete insertion of the wire into the open shed and the complete
withdrawal of the wire from the woven fabric.
3. The mechanism for holding and guiding the wire at either end substantially
in the manner and for the purposes herein set forth.
4. The combination with the guide plate a¹ formed with the recess a² of the
hinged piece n³ provided with projections n' n³, substantially as and for the
purposes herein set forth.
5. The construction combination and arrangement of parts forming the improved
cutting apparatus substantially as and for the purposes herein described and as
illustrated by the drawings annexed.
6. The combination with a revolving knife or cutter, of the screw u or its
equivalent by means of which the said cutter may be traversed to and fro sub-
stantially in the manner and for the purposes herein set forth.
7. The combination with a revolving knife or cutter of the movable frame for
adjusting the said cutter to or from the fabric to be cut substantially as herein
shewn and described.
8. The combination with the revolving knife or cutter of the two emery wheels
or stones y rotated preferably in the opposite direction to that in which the said
cutter revolves substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth.
9. The "tie up" in combination with the rising and falling of the heald shafts
in the order specified for weaving a double pile fabric as described and as illustrated
by the diagram Fig. 4.