IMPROVEMENTS IN BREAD- MAKING MACHINERY.
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Manoel Antonio de Souza, of No. 13, Glasshouse
Street, Regent Street, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREAD-
MAKING MACHINERY.".
Sealed the 2nd April 1875, and dated the 26th October 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Manoel Antonio de
Souza at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 26th October 1874.
I, MANOEL ANTONIO DE SOUZA, of No. 13, Glasshouse Street, Regent
Street, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BREAD-MAKING MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in bread-making
machinery.
The machinery, which comprises a mixing and kneading apparatus,
shaping or moulding mechanism, a stove or hot chamber for leavening
or raising the bread, and an oven for baking it, is shewn in the annexed
Drawings.

page_text: On Sheet 1 A represents the interior of stove with compartments to
receive the boards, on which the bread is placed for the purpose of
conveniently leavening it. The stove is closed by wooden doors. B
represents a section of the oven as seen in front; C is a view of the
oven from the back; D is a plan of the interior of the box, in which
cylinders are arranged; E, cylinders working in moulds; F, cylinders
with moulds to give the dough the shape required according to the size
and weight of the loaves; G, form or shape of one of the knives, which
may be varied according to the taste of the manufacturer; H is a view
of the interior of the mixer for mixing the flour and water; I, cylinders
with handles, which work against a breast plate, producing kneading and
working up the dough to any consistency that may be required; J is an
axle, in which are cogs and pulleys, on which travel an endless chain
working independently one of the other; K is a view of a portion of the
endless chain, on which is placed the bread during its transit through
the oven.
This machine may be made of any size to meet the requirements of
bakers having extensive businesses.
On Sheet 2 at 1 is shewn the machine for kneading, and to cut the
dough into the sizes that may be required; at 2, the stove for leavening
the dough; at 3, the oven to bake the bread in loaves; at 4, a counting
machine to count the number of loaves baked as they leave the oven.
A is the entry of the flour and water into the mixer; B, the dough
cutter; C, the dough cut into equal portions; D, the loaves after being
leavened entering the oven; E, the loaves already baked; F, the box to
receive the loaves when baked; G, the regulator for the entry of the
beat into the stove; H, the chimney for the exit of smoke; I, the
endless board; J, the crank working the numbering machine; K, the
thermometer by which to regulate the degrees of heat in the stove;
L, the conductor of the heat to the stove.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Manoel Antonio de Souza in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 24th April 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME; I, MANOEL
ANTONIO DE SOUZA, of No. 13, Glasshouse Street, Regent Street, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Manoel Antonio de Souza, Her
special license that I, the said Manoel Antonio de Souza, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Manoel Antonio
de Souza, my exccutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREAD-MAKING MACHINERY," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Manocl Antonio de Souza, my exccutors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Manoel Antonio de Souza, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
-
This Invention has for its object improvements in bread-making
machinery.
The machinery, which comprises mixing and kneading apparatus,
shaping or moulding mechanism, a stove or hot chamber for leavening
or raising the bread, and an oven for baking it, is shewn in the annexed

page_text: On Sheet 1 A represents the interior of stove with compartments to
receive the boards, on which the bread is placed for the purpose of
conveniently leavening it. This stove is closed by wooden doors. B
represents a section of the oven as seen in front; C is a view of the
oven from the back; D is a plan of the interior of a box, in which 5
cylinders are arranged; E, cylinders working in moulds; F, cylinders
with moulds to give the dough the shape required according to the sizo
and weight of the loaves; G, form or shape of one of the knives, which
may be varied according to the taste of the manufacturer; H is a view
of the interior of the mixer for mixing the flour and water; I, cylinders 1
with handles, which work against a breast plate, producing knoading and
working up the dough to any consistency that may be required; J is an
axle, in which are cogs and pulleys, on which travel an endless chain
working independently one of the other; K is a view of a portion of the
endless chain, on which is placed the bread during its transit through 1
the oven.
This machine may be made of any size to meet the requirements of
bakers having extensive businesses.
On Sheet 2 at 1 is shown the machine for kneading, and to cut the
dough into the sizes that may be required; at 2, the stove for leavening 2
the dough; at 3, the oven to bake the bread in loaves; at 4, a counting
machine to count the number of loaves baked as they leave the oven.
A is the entry of the flour and water into the mixer; B, the dough
cutter; C, the dough cut into equal portions; D, the loaves after being
leavened entering the oven; E, the loaves already baked; F, the box to 2
receive the loaves when baked; G, the regulator for the entry of the
heat into the stove; H, the chimney for the exit of smoke; I, the
endless board; J, the crank working the numbering machine; K, the
thermometer by which to regulate the degrees of heat in the stove;
L, the conductor of the heat to the stove.
On Sheet 3 at A is shown the passage of the endless chain into the
interior of the oven, on which are placed the loaves required to be
baked. This chain is composed of plates of iron joined together by
means of rivets, on which are placed plates of earthenware, as seen in
Drawing K, Sheet 1. At B is shown the front of the oven with the axle
set, as shown in Sheet 1, letter J, in which are seen the pullics and
rollers, over which passes the endless chain.
44

page_text: The furnace may be constructed with as many mouths or openings as
the manufacturer may require, following always the same system to cach
pulley and roller, and on cach an endless chain. This mechanism may
be made of any size. At C is shown boards formed of cross picces of
wood covered with canvas to enable the heat contained in the oven (into
which the boards have to enter) to act on all sides on the dough to be
leavened. The loaves are placed by hand on the boards on leaving the
cutters, and conveyed into the compartments of the oven, as seen on
Sheet 1, letter A. D shows the form of the rollers and gear, which arc
of iron, as also the rest of the machinery, the same to be set in motion
by steam power, so as to perfect the regular working of the bread-making
machine.
On Sheet 4 at A is shown plan of the interior of the case, in which is
placed the cylinders, shown on Sheet 1 marked I and F; at B is shown
the interior of the machinery for kneading and making the loaves, in
which are arranged the pieces, which are seen in the Drawing in Sheet 1
marked H, I, and F; they are seen from the opposite side to that shown
in Drawing 1 of Sheet 2. C is the axle with wooden flappers to produce
ventilation inside the machine; D, arc stops, which separate the coated
cylinders from the cylinder with pulleys, so long as the dough is not
mixed, but as soon as it is, the stop falls, and the dough commences to
pass through between the coated cylinders, the dough then receiving
the shape the baker may wish. This stop is set at work by the hand,
either being raised or lowered by two turns (one to either side of the
machine) are sufficient to keep the same up, and on being lowered lying
on the table which has the spikes, which run in the holes made purposely
to this end. At E is shown mechanism, as seen from the opposite side
to that shown in Drawing 1 of Sheet 2; F are stops worked by the hand
by means of crank handles to cause the approach or separation of the
coated cylinders, so as to compress more or less the dough which is to be
pressed into the cutter to be divided in sizes convenient to the baker
(the covers or coating of these cylinders, as also the handles of the
cylinders I, Sheet 1, are of india-rubber, prepared especially for the
purpose). At G is shown a view of the front of the machine for
kneading and dividing the dough into loaves. H is an eccentric axle,
causing the raising or lowering of the grating, on which is arranged the
knives, which cut the dough as it leaves the covered (coated) cylinders
(on Sheet 1, letter G, the knives are shewn). I* is a breast plate, as

page_text: shown in Drawing B, Sheet 4. This breast plate is entirely formed of a
steel plate of the necessary flexibility, so as to softly compress the dough
against the coated cylinders I, Sheet 1.
I claim the construction of bread-making machinery, substantially as
described and shown in the annexed Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Manoel Antonio de Souza, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of March, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
MANOEL ANTONIO DE SOUZA. (L.S.)