IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edwin Martin, of the Wellington Mills, Lindley,
near Huddersfield, in the County of York, Manufacturer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING."
Sealed the 28th January 1876, and dated the 25th November 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edwin Martin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th November 1875.
I, EDWIN MARTIN, of the Wellington Mills, Lindley, near Hudders-
field, in the County of York, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
The object of the Invention is to produce checkered or other varying
effects in the weaving, whether using yarns of the same or of different
colors. This object I attain by laying the warp threads in series of two
or more different gauges or settings, and by using two or more wefts to
correspond, the substance of the respective weft yarns being varied to

page_text: correspond with the differences in gauge or setting of the warp or
otherwise.
For the required gauge of the warp yarns I vary the setting of the
dents of the reed. Thus, supposing the effect required to be that of a
checker of an inch square the dents of the reed would be uniformly set
for one inch to one gauge, say 14 to the inch, and then for the next
inch, say 18 to the inch, the next inch at say 14 to the inch, and so on
alternately, and a weſt of one substance will be thrown in for one inch
of the length of the fabric, and then a weft of another substance for the
second inch, and so on alternately with such variations as may be
required for the varying effect desired.
I also in some cases vary the weight of the warp yarn employed in the
respective sections, to equalize the weight of the respective parts of the
fabric, and I also pattern the respective parts when required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edwin Martin in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 18th May 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWIN
MARTIN, of the Wellington Mills, Lindley, near Huddersfield, in the
County of York, Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Edwin Martin, Her special
licence that I, the said Edwin Martin, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edwin Martin, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during tlie term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might makė, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that 1, the said Edwin
Martin, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing

page_text: under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edwin Martin, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, that is to say :—
The improvements apply particularly to the weaving of woollen cloths,
and the object of the Invention is to produce checkered or other varying
effects in the weaving, whether using yarns of the same or different
colors. This object I attain by laying the warp threads forming the
breadth of the fabric in series of two or more different gauges or settings,
and by using two or more wefts to correspond with the extent of
variation in effect desired to be obtained. The substance of the
respective weft yarns being varied to correspond with the differences in
gauge or setting of the warp or otherwise.
To facilitate obtaining the required variations of gauge to the warp
yarns I vary the setting of the dents of the reed. Thus, supposing the
effect required to be that of a checker of an inch square, the dents of
the reed would be uniformly set for one inch to one gauge, say 14 to the
inch, and then for the next inch, say 18 to the inch, the next inch at say
14 to the inch, and so on alternately and a weft of one substance will be
thrown in for one inch of the length of the fabric, and then a weft of
another substance for the second inch, and so on alternately, with such
variations as may be required for the varying effect desired.
I also in some cases vary the weight of the warp yarn employed in
the respective sections, to equalize the weight of the respective parts of
the fabric, and I also pattern the respective parts when required.
Having thus described my Invention and means which I adopt in
carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that what I
claim is, the improvements in weaving whereby checkered or other
alternating effects are obtained by arranging the warp threads in
different gauges or settings, and when required aiding the further
varying of the effect so obtained by the separate use of one of two or

page_text: more weft threads of different substance or character, substantially as
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edwin Martin, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
EDWIN MARTIN. (L.S.)