Improvements in Gas and Petroleum Engines.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 9th July, 1891-Accepted, 22nd Aug.,
1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Gas and Petroleum Engines.
I, EMIL KASCLOWSKY of Chausseestrasse Berlin Royal Commercial Counsel do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to bo
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
It is well known that in all explosive motors such as gas benzine and petroleum
engines or machines it is of primary importance to have an absolutely reliable and
exact working valve motion which will act as a governor or regulator keeping the
said engine at a fixed rate of speed under varying loads and in connection with this
a further essential feature in petroleum engines is that part of the engine by means
of which or in which takes place the evaporation of the petroleum and the mixture
of the latter with a certain quantity of atmospheric air.
All evaporating apparatuses hitherto employed in connection with or in petroleum
engines have suffered from the disadvantage firstly that they have not brought
about a perfect diffusion and evaporation of the petroleum, and secondly when
required to start the engine they could not be immediately brought into application
or at least they have not been able to cause a sufficiently rapid and sure evaporation
of the petroleum for the first explosion.
Even with what has hitherto been considered first class evaporating apparatua
both in the starting and also when the engine has been well in work it has been
found impracticable to use ordinary lamp petroleum.
The object therefore of my present invention is to remedy these defects which I
attain by constructing a machine or engine and evaporating apparatus as set forth
in the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 represents a side elevation of my
petroleum engine in which by means of an evaporating apparatus constructed upon
new principles and also by means of an equally perfect and specially arranged valve
motion an effect is obtained which has hitherto been considered impracticable.
The essential parts of my said engine which comprise my invention namely the
valve motion and evaporating apparatus are illustrated in detail in Figs. 2 to 6.
in which Figs. 2, 3 and 4 are longitudinal sectional elevations of my improved valve
motion in various positions and Figs. 5 and 6 are respectively sectional elevation
and sectional plan of my improved evaporating apparatus.
Like letters of reference denote corresponding parts in each view.
A characteristic of my improved valve motion as set forth lies in the fact that
by means of a single part of the engine two shutting off organs (that is lift or
slide valves) arranged one above the other are alternately moved so that one of
said valves is opened by the said single part during the time the other valve remains
closed and vice versa.
A represents the machine or engine shaft which by means of cog wheel gearing a
and a operates the valve motion starting shaft B. On the said starting shaft B
there is fixed a crank which by means of the connecting rod C transmits to a
alide Da reciprocating motion.
Fixed to the said slide D is a bolt or pin E upon which a bell crank. F and F' is
pivotted or arranged to oscillate.
Fixed to the end of or made with said slide D is a guide G which exactly defines
the oscillating or tilting stroke of the bell crank F and F'.
The end P of the arm F of bell crank F and F is extended so as to come in
contact with the stem of valve II which when open permits the flow of gas or
petroleumi or as in the case now under consideration permits the entrance of
1

page_text: atmospheric air under pressure to the diffuser hereinafter referred to and when closed
shuts off the combustible material or the air.
Situated above the said valve H is a stop valve J which upon the firing of
the combustible mixture remains closed in order to permit an indraught of
atmospheric air.
On the front flange S' of cylinder S there is arranged a small latch K which is
free to turn a distance on the bolt or pin R¹
Fig. 3 illustrates the position of the improved mechanism when the slide D has
taken up its extreme position to the right. If now the slide valve D and bell
crank and Fare moved to the left by means of the starting crank then the
arm F of the said bell crank F and F will come in contact with the right end of
latch K and thereby the arm F will be tilted to an angle limited by means of the
guide G.
If the slide D moves still further towards the left then the arm F¹ becomes
again free and the arm F descends by means of the weight L to position shown in
Fig. 2 in which it is in a position to drive and open the valve H thus allowing the
required amount of combustible mixture to be conveyed to the engine. The said
motion takes place only when the engine is working at a normal speed but should the
normal speed be by any cause exceeded then there will not be sufficient time for
the end of arm F of the bell crank F and F to clear the head or catch O of the
slide valve and the said arm F being in position shown at Fig. 4 will conse-
quently cutch with its projection P in the notch of the head
-
and thereby
close the stop or slide valve J at the same time the valve H remains closed
and thus the engine can suck in no charge and accordingly combustion or
explosion will cease until the reverse order of things takes place as will be well
understood.
By means of simply moving the weight L on the arm F the normal speed of the
motor or engine can be regulated as described that is to say by altering the position
of the weight L on the arm I the period of time in which the flange P catches
the notch can be altered and thus the speed of the motor or machine can be
adjusted at will.
I would have it especially noted that the angular or tilting stroke of the bell
crank and F is entirely independent of the rate of speed of the machine or
engine inasmuch as the said tilting stroke is always maintained at the same limit
by means of the guide G and that the period occupied by the bell crank F and F¹
in regaining its normal position depends entirely upon the amount of weight L or its
position on the arm F.
It will be obvious that where preferred a spring may be used in place of a
weight L in order to bring about similar results as obtained by using the said
weight L.
.
On the return motion of the slide D the arm F' of the bell crank lifts the latch K
which is afterwards again pressed down by a small spring R' so that the mechanism
again takes up the position shown at Fig. 2 and thus the whole operation may be
repeated.
Referring to my improved evaporator which forms part of my improved petroleum
engine as hereinbefore described this brings about the evaporation of the petroleum
both when the machine is in full work and also by means of gases given off
subsequent to an explosion should the all parts of the apparatus be sufficiently
heated.
The said improved apparatus consists of a generator K' arranged with a cap K
and lower receptacle K which acts as a foundation or stand and is carried upon a
support K specially arranged so that a lamp or furnace Q can be placed under the
same for the purpose hereinafter described."
Within the vessel K' is a system of vertical tubes B' and within the cap K¹ is
an arrangement whereby the diffusion of petroleum takes place which latter in a fine
spray like form travels through said tubes B' during the time the gases given off by
the explosion float round outside said tubes B' and the finely diffused products inixed

page_text: with air then reach the lower receptacle K which is heated to the necessary
temperature by means of the lamp or furnace Q.
Within the said lower portion or receptacle K the portion of petroleum which
has not been reduced to gas is subsequently evaporated.
I would have it understood as a special feature in my said improved evaporating
apparatus that the mixing of the petroleum or petroleum vapours with the atmo-
spheric air takes place in three stages and in such a manner that in the evaporating
apparatus itself the nonexplosibility of the mixture is fully preserved. This is
brought about by the compressed air acting in the manner of a diffuser on a
petroleum feed pipe thereby sucking out the petroleum from said pipe and con-
veying it in its separated form to the upper part or cover K' and at the same time
a second feed pipe for the conveyance of the air opens into said cover K
and air is sucked therein also thus contributing to a further finer diffusion of
the petroleum and to the better passage of the same out of the tubular generator K
and B'.
After the mixture of the petroleum vapour and air thus obtained has passed the
lower vessel or receptacle K and has issued through the tube G it is again mixed'
with atmospheric air previous to reaching the valve J and before the necessary
inflammability. is imparted to the mixture. Consequently the mixture passing
through said evaporating apparatus is in no way dangerous and, explosion cannot
possibly take place in the saine inasmuch as the air contents can be kept
sufficiently low.
The arrangement and manner of working said apparatus is as follows:
The apparatus consists in the first place of a system of tubes which are heated
from the outside by the hot gases given off by the combustion. The hot gases or
products of combustion enter at A' warm or heat the tubes B₁ and escape at C..
The diffusion of the petroleum is brought about by an arrangement in the upper
part of cap K' and consists of a feed pipe D' which extends to the open petroleum
resevoir É situated at an elevation. The surface of the Huid in the said
resevoir E is kept constantly at the same level by any suitable appliance such for
instance as a float valve or other ordinary arrangement. The air supply pipe F opens
just above the end of the tube D' within the cover K' and said supply pipe F' is in
connection with a small atmospheric pressure pump P¹ which is operated by the
engine or machine shaft A.
The tube extends to the valve H which latter is connected with the air
pump P by the tube F. The tube G¹ opens into or is connected with a further
tube G (see Fig. 1) which latter opens at its upper part into the box of the slide
stop or cut off valve J and in which latter the final mixing is brought about by
means of a further introduction of air to the mixture.
The evaporation of the petroleum takes place as follows:
At the beginning of the period of suction the compressed air created by the before
mentioned force pump P escapes by the tube F and through the valve H now
opened by the arm of the bell crank into the tube thereby sucking in a
quantity of petroleum (which can be regulated as desired) and diffusing the same
in the usual manner at the same time the machine or engine sucks in a quantity
of atmospheric air through the pipe H' and thus the petroleum gas produced 18
forced to pass down the tubes B' and to evaporate on the heated sides of
these tubes.
The petroleum vapour so produced is then conveyed through the tube G¹ to the
suction or stop valve J subsequently to its being mixed with air in the tube G³.
necessary for making the mixture explosive.
The said explosive mixture is thus sucked into the interior of the working
cylinder S and fired in the usual manner.
In order to permit of the engine being worked from the very first stroke with
ordinary petroleum (that is lighting or lamp petroleum) the bottom of the lower
section or receptacle K of the evaporating apparatus is made very warm by a
special heating arrangement Q so that on starting the machine or engine

page_text: the petroleum does not at first evaporate inside the tubes B but only on the
base of the heated receptacle K thus the same apparatus serves for evaporating
the petroleum both on starting the machine and also when it is well in work.
The very large evaporating capability of my said improved petroleum evaporator
in combination with the exact manner of working the valve motion are the cause of
the highly useful features in my said explosive engine as well as a further
characteristic in said invention is that the machine seldom requires repairs owing
to its simplicity of construction and inability to get out of order.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said 'inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I'
claim is
1. In explosive engines the use of a valve motion composed of a bell crank F
and F¹ mounted on a slide E which receives a reciprocating motion from the crank
shaft F and is tilted at each stroke by means of a catch K round an exactly
defined angle limited by a guide G and thereby during the free fall of the arm F
either operating a valve H or slide or stop valve J the duration of the fall of the
arm F being regulated by a movable weight L or its equivalent all combined
substantially as arranged and employed for the purpose set forth.
2: In a petroleum engine the use of an evaporating apparatus comprising a
generator K provided with vertical tubes B' through which pass the products of
the explosion in combination with a base portion or receptacle K³ capable of being
heated and cap or cover, K into which the feed pipe D as well as the air pipe F
is conducted the latter acting as a diffuser on the petroleum introduced all combined
substantially as arranged and illustrated in the drawings annexed and for the purpose
of attaining the object specified!
Dated this 7th day of Jul
H. F. BOUGHTON, M.I. Mech. E.,
London, Sheffield, and Barnsley, Agent.