Improvements in Repeating Fire-arms.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Apr., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 7th Jan., 1891—Accepted, 7th Mar., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Repeating Fire-arms.
I, KOSTA RISTA MILOVANOVITCH-KOKA, of 1 Operngasse 6, Vienna, Austria,
Colonel in the Royal Servian Army, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to straight-pull bolt guns, in which a box shaped magazine
is arranged under the front end of the shoe containing the breech bolt.
The invention has for its object to provide a straight-pull breech action of strong,
simple, and effective construction, and to adapt the magazine to be easily filled with
packs of cartridges, single cartridges, or several cartridges at once, and to be emptied
without difficulty and to be locked when the arm is to be used as a hand breech
loader.
According to the invention, the breech bolt is composed of two main parts,
namely, the bolt proper provided with the locking rib and the handle piece, which
forms a rearward extension of the former. A. helical groove is formed in the rear
portion of the bolt proper, and the front end of the handle piece, which is guided
by means of its lower prismatic projection in a straight groove of the shoc, is
provided with a helical projection or key, working within the said groove of the
bolt. Both parts are held together by the firing pin, to the rear end of which is
screwed the cocking piece.
The front end of the locking bolt has two laterally projecting lugs which, when
it is pushed forward, enter the breech of the barrel through two corresponding
notches, and when the bolt is turned partly round, the lugs pass into grooves in the
barrel, and the bolt is thus locked in position for firing. Such turning of the bolt
is effected automatically on closing and opening the breech, by the before described
helical groove and correspondingly formed extension of the handle piece. When
the breech bolt is withdrawn, the handle piece is drawn away from it to the extent
permitted by the firing pin which connects them both, the breech bolt being then
in position for passing with its lugs into the barrel. The parts are then pushed
forward in the same relative position for closing the breech, and when the front end
of the bolt comes in contact with its abutment in the barrel, the handle piece is
pushed farther inwards relatively to the bolt, whereby the helical projection of the
former, in sliding in the helical groove of the latter, will cause this to turn so as
to bring it into the locked position above described. During such inward motion
of the handle piece a notch on the cocking piece of the firing pin carried thereby
will come in contact with the sear of the trigger, and will thereby be held back
in the cocked position. For opening the breech, the handle piece is drawn
backward relatively to the breech bolt, and the resulting motion of the helical
projection in the helical groove of the bolt will cause this to be turned back
again out of the locked position, so that the lugs thereof are free to pass out
through the notches in the barrel.
The mouth of the magazine is provided in its rear portion with two parallel
jaws supported by upright spring arms, which are secured to a slide moveable
along the rear side of the magazine. When the said slide is brought into its
upper position and the breech is opened, the flange of the uppermost cartridge
will, under the action of the magazine spring, project into the path of the bolt,
and consequently, on the breech being closed, the said cartridge will be pushed into
the chamber of the barrel.
On the other hand, when the said slide is pulled down, the flange of the upper-
most cartridge is kept below the path of the breech bolt, and the fire arm can be
used as a hand breech loader.

page_text: For the purpose of enabling the magazine to be emptied, a wedge is arranged
between the converging spring arms supporting the said jaws, and this wedge is
adapted to be lowered and raised from without. It will be readily understood that
when the said wedge is lowered, it forces asunder the two jaws, and that the
cartridges, which are no longer retained by the jaws, will then be forced out from
the magazine by the spring.
Loading frames are provided for filling the magazine at once with the number of
cartridges it can contain.
Such a sheet metal loading frame is open at its top and bottom, and each lateral
side has a deep recess formed in it, these recesses being so arranged in opposite
directions that, when the loading frame is placed upon the mouth of the magazine
with either of its openings downwards, the recess in the right hand side for the time
being begins at the top edge.
This recess admits of the cartridges being forced down into the magazine with
the thumb.
In order to afford possibility for filling the magazine at once, without the aid of
the said loading frames, with the requisite number of cartridges, means are provided
for compressing and locking the magazine spring. The said means consist in narrow
longitudinally slotted slides, which are movable in grooves formed in the lateral
sides of the magazine. Into the slots of the said slides or draw plates project
lateral ribs of the follower supporting the cartridges, and the draw plates them-
selves, have their lower ends extending outward from the magazine through apertures
formed at the bottom ends of the said guide grooves.
The lower ends of the draw plates or slides are connected with each other by a
cross piece, which may be seized for pulling the draw plates downward, when they
carry along the follower and compress the magazine spring.
As the said slides or draw plates are made springy so as to bear with their top
ends against the bottoms of their guide grooves, and as shoulders are formed on the.
said top ends which butt against the lower ends of the grooves, the slides are held
thereby in their lowermost position.
When the magazine is to be filled with loose cartridges, the magazine spring is
first compressed and locked as described, the before mentioned jaws are forced
asunder by lowering the wedge referred to, and afterwards the cartridges are allowed
to drop into the magazine. As soon as the magazine is filled, the wedge is lifted
and the slotted draw plates are pushed upward.
Dated this 26th day of April 1890.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Repeating Fire-arms.
1, KOSTA RISTA MILOVANOVITCH-KOKA, of 1 Operngasse 6, Vienna, Austria,
Colonel in the Royal Servian Army, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to bolt guns, having a box-shaped magazine arranged
below the front portion of the receiver of the breech action.
The objects of the invention are to provide a strong and simple straight pull
breech action, and to adapt the magazine to be loaded at once, with or without the
aid of loading frames, with the required number of cartridges, as well as to he
emptied, and to be locked when the arm is to be used as a hand breech loader.
In order to accomplish all these purposes, my improved magazine gun is provided
with the following novel features: The breech bolt is composed of the breech bolt
proper carrying the locking rib and the handle piece, these two parts being
connected together by the firing bolt, and a helical key projecting from the front

page_text: the locking rib a. In the rear end of the breech bolt A is formed a helical groove a',
wherein engages a correspondingly shaped key a², made integral with the handle
piece A Fig. 10.
The handle piece carries, besides the breech handle, a prismatic rib a, working
in a groove b, Figs. 1 and 2, of the receiver B, in consequence whereof the handle
piece is prevented from turning on the opening and closing of the breech.
Into the central bore of the handle piece A¹ is inserted from behind the nut or
cocking piece A2 Fig. 11, of the firing bolt a³, best seen in Fig. 4. The said cocking
piece is provided on its underside with a rib, wherein two notches a a' are formed,
destined to be engaged by the sear; the rear notch a does the office of the half-
cock-bent, the front notch a' of the full cock-bent. The breech bolt A, the handle
piece A', and the cocking piece A are kept together by the firing bolt a, inserted
into the central bore of the breech bolt and screwed into the cocking piece A².
As usual in firing pin percussion locks, a coiled spring as, Fig. 4, which serves as
the main spring of the lock, surrounds the firing pin.
To the front end of the breech bolt A is secured the bolt head A³ Fig. 9.
Into a
groove of the rear extension a of the bolt head, which extension fits the bore of
the breech bolt A, is inserted the rear end of the cartridge extractor a twice bent
at right angles, whereby the cartridge extractor is kept in its position. The
connection between the breech bolt and the bolt head is operated in the known
manner by a projection a" on the bolt head fitting a recess of the locking rib (1, and
by a screw a serving for securing the stop disc a to the rib and extending
into a corresponding hole of the rear extension 10 of the bolt head A3, which is
thereby prevented from turning relatively to the bolt A.
In order to add strength
to the breech action, the bolt head A³ is provided with two radial ribs a, which,
when the breech is closed, engage in front of corresponding shoulders, formed in
the head 1, Fig. 2, of the receiver.
a,
For the sake of the breech bolt being easily taken to pieces, the rear extension a¹º
of the bolt head A³ has a diametrical groove a, Fig. 9, formed in its end surface,
which is engaged by projections a¹ of the firing bolta, thereby affording possibility for
screwing and unscrewing the firing bolt into and from the cocking piece A² with the
aid of the bolt head A
In the position shewn by Fig. 6, the breech bolt can be introduced into the
receiver.
In this position, a shoulder a" Fig. 10, of the key a² of the handle piece bears
against the rear end of the breech bolt A, whereby possibility is afforded of
pushing the breech bolt forward to the rear end of the barrel. Pressure upon the
breech handle a being continued, the key a² of the handle piece A advances
within the groove a¹ of the breech bolt A, and the left hand lateral surface of the
key a², by bearing upon the corresponding side of the groove a¹, causes the breech
bolt to turn to the right, whereby the locking rib a and the projections a"
of the bolt head A³ are engaged in front of the corresponding shoulders of the
receiver B.
On the handle piece A' being thrust forward, the full-cock bent a' of the cocking
piece A hooks itself on the sear as (as shewn in dotted lines in Figs. 1 and 4)
whereby the firing bolt a is kept from advancing and the spring a maintained in
the bent state. At the same time the handle a³ enters a recess, formed in the rear
end of the receiver.
By pressure applied to the trigger a Fig. 1 the sear a¹8 can be withdrawn from
the full-cock bent in order to fire the weapon.
The cocking piece A2 is provided with a rounded and roughened flange a,
admitting of its being seized for cocking and uncocking purposes.
On the breech being opened, the initial pulling back of the handle piece A¹ has
for its effect that the right hand face of the key a² disengages the locking rib a in
an analogous manner to that in which it has been engaged on the breech being
closed. The stop disc a screwed to the rib a abuts on the breech being opened,
against shoulders 2, Fig. 2 of the receiver, whereby the backward movement of the
:
:

page_text: Dreech bolt is limited. As may be inferred from Fig. 1, the whole breech bolt is.
very short and has no groove in its portion carrying the locking rib, which portion
is most strained by the pressure of the gases.
The arm may be adapted for being fired independently of the trigger at the
moment when the breech is closed, by keeping the sear 8 in its lower position.
For this purpose, an arm a², Fig. 1, is pivotted to the trigger guard; when this
arm is turned upward (see dotted position) its free end bears against the trigger
and, by taking into a notch of the same, maintains it in a withdrawn position.
When a is in this position the sear 18 will be kept lowered and consequently on
moving forward the breech bolt the striker will not be retained by the sear but will
move forward with the breech bolt and strike against and fire the cartridge at the
moment when the breech is closed. The pin only exercises the requisite pressure
on the cap for firing the same as the bolt is just completing the locking position,
and when it is consequently secure against any rear escape. By pressing upon the
trigger, the said pivotted arm a" may be unlocked, when it swings downward under
the action of gravity, and automatic firing ceases.
The magazine box C, Figs 1 and 14 to 20, is secured to the receiver B; its
bottom plate has a projection el extending through the front side of the
magazine, while the rear end of the said bottom plate is fixed to the magazine by
a tubular screw c², Fig. 1.
The magazine may be filled with loose cartridges introduced one after another or
all at once, or it may be filled with the aid of loading frames or cartridge cramps.
Moreover, the magazine may be locked, when the arm is to be used as a hand
breech loader.
The cartridges introduced into the magazine are prevented from being pushed
out of the same by the magazine spring, by two arms e, arranged in the rear
portion of the mouth of the magazine, parallel to its lateral sides, and supported by
two strong springs c³ ³ (see Fig. 20). The position of the arms c c relatively to
the breech bolt and the distance between these arms are so chosen that the upper-
most cartridge pressed between the arms by the magazine spring is carried
along by the breech bolt on the closing of the breech and is thus introduced into
the chamber of the barrel. The springs supporting the arms e* are made integral
with a plate e, carrying a socket c', which is moveable in a groove e³, formed in the
rear side of the magazine box (see Fig. 17).
The lower end of the plate c" has lateral projections that carry roughened
discs destined to serve as thumb pieces. The projections co extend into slots all
of the lateral sides of the magazine, while the circular thumb pieces are located
outside the said lateral sides, so as to admit of the spring arms being lowered and
raised with the aid of the said thumb pieces. When the projections are engaged
in the top ends of the slots c¹ (see Figs. 1, 3 and 15), the arm is adapted to be loaded
with the cartridges contained in the magazine.
For locking the magazine, the operator seizes the two thumb pieces c⁰ of the
plate c, presses them forward, and afterwards pulls them vertically downward,
whereby the extensions are caused to engage under a shoulder of the rear edge
of the slots c. The cartridges are carried along by the arms and thereby the
uppermost cartridge is sufficiently lowered beneath the breech bolt as to allow the
same freely to pass over the cartridge on the closing of the breech. When the
magazine is to be emptied, the two spring arms e c must be forced apart. For
this purpose, an eccentric or cam provided with a revolvable thumb piece e is
inserted into the tubular screw c by which the bottom plate e of the magazine is
fixed to the rearside of the same. This eccentric is provided with an inclined
surface bearing against the under surface of the magazine and into the said
eccentric is screwed a pin e" the top end of which carries a wedge, Fig. 21,
which projects between the springs carrying the arms e (see Figs. 14 to 16).
When the eccentric is turned to the right, from its position Fig. 1 into the
position Fig. 17, the inclined surface of the eccentric, acting upon the under
surface of the magazine, pulls down the wedge e, Fig. 15, whereby the springs

page_text: and arms are forced asunder (see Fig. 14). The magazine spring at once
pushes the cartridges upward, out from the magazine, which is thus automatically
emptied. In order that the wedge may be raised again into its former position
on the eccentric e being turned back, a coiled spring is arranged upon the pin. 19
between the wedge and the socket c'. When the magazine is to be filled with
separate cartridges, the same are pressed one by one, through the space between
the spring arms c' into the magazine.
For filling the magazine with packets of cartridges, loading frames D, Figs. 22
and 23, are provided; these frames enclose the rims of the cartridges and the bullets,
whereby any injury to or deformation of these latter is prevented. In order to
admit of the cartridges being filled into the said loading frames, the same are open
at the narrow longitudinal sides (top and bottom) and the edges of the openings
are provided with small, inwardly bent, elastic projections or teeth d, by which the
cartridges are kept in their position.
The lateral sides of the frames are provided with deep recesses, which allow the
cartridges to be pressed from the loading frame into the magazine, after the said
frame has been inserted into the receiver or shoe over the mouth of the magazine
(see the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 3). In this position, the lower edge
of the left hand lateral side of the magazine (which edge is provided with a rounded
outer flange (¹) rests upon the top of the magazine, by the left hand edge of the
mouth or opening of the same.
The recesses in the lateral sides of the magazine begin at opposite edges in such
a manner that the magazine introduced into the receiver with either opening down,
always presents in its right hand side a recess commencing at the top edge of the
said side.
For giving more strength and rigidity to the narrow bridge below the said recess,
a rib d is pressed into the said portion.
The described loading frames allow of other cartridge packings being dispensed
with, as the bullets are well protected by them against deformation, and the con-
struction of the loading frames or cartridge cramps is such as to enable single
cartridges to be rapidly and easily taken out from the frame, whenever it is desired
to introduce them by hand into the chamber of the barrel.
In order that it may be possible, in cases when the loading frames are, in con-
sequence of injury, unfit for filling the magazine by packets, to rapidly and easily
fill the magazine, in a single operation, with the loose cartridges taken out from the
frame, the follower c¹, Figs. 1, 3, and 18, secured to the top end of the magazine
spring e, is provided with lateral projections c¹³, engaged in slots of bars c", which
are adapted to slide in grooves of the lateral sides of the magazine box.
The lower ends of the bars c¹ are connected to cach other by a handle c, which
may be seized for pulling the said bars out of the magazine; when this is done, the
follower is also pulled downward, and the magazine spring is compressed. In
order to keep the follower and the bars from being raised anew by the pressure
of the magazine spring, the said bars are made springy and somewhat curved
outward (see Fig. 19), and their top ends are provided with projections c, which,
when the bars are pulled downward, take into the openings at the lower ends of the
grooves in the lateral sides of the magazine (see Fig. 14).
As the spring arms would interfere with the rapid introduction of the
cartridges, they may be forced apart by the wedge 20 as described for the emptying
of the magazine.
As soon as the magazine is filled, the eccentric e is turned back again for
allowing the arms c' to move nearer to cach other, and the magazine spring locking
bars are pushed into the magazine box again.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In a straight pull bolt breech action, the combination with the receiver

page_text: having a locking shoulder, of the bolt provided with the locking rib and having
a helical groove formed in its rear end, a handle piece, from the front end of
which a corresponding key projects into the said helical groove, and the firing
pin passing through central bores of the breech bolt and the handle piece and
having its portion inside the breech bolt surrounded by the main spring, while
the cocking-picce is secured to its rear end, outside the handle piece, substantially
as described.
2. In a box-shaped magazine arranged beneath the breech-bolt, the combination
with the magazine box and magazine spring of a slide moveable along the rear side
of the box and adapted to be fixed in a raised and a lowered position, this slide
carrying two forward extending spring arms, against which the cartridges are
pressed by the magazine spring, substantially as and for the purpose described.
3. In a box-shaped magazine arranged beneath the breech bolt, the combination
with the magazine box and magazine spring of a slide movable along the rear side
of the box and having lateral projections extending through upright slots of the
lateral sides of the magazine box, which slots have a shoulder formed on their rear
edge, and two spring arms extending forward from the said slide over the pile of
cartridges forced upward by the magazine spring, substantially as and for the
purpose described.
4. In a box-shaped magazine arranged beneath the breech-bolt, the combination
with the magazine box and the magazine spring of two spring arms extending forward
from the rear side of the magazine box into the rear portion of the mouth of the
magazine, and a wedge arranged between the said spring arms and adapted to be
fixed in a raised position and in a lowered one, in which it forces apart the said
spring arms, substantially as and for the purpose described.
5. In a box-shaped magazine arranged beneath the breech bolt, the combination
with the magazine box and the magazine spring of two spring arms extending
forward from the rear side of the magazine box into the rear portion of the mouth
of the magazine, an upright spindle located within the hollow rear side of the
magazine and having its lower end projecting through a hole of the bottom of the
magazine, a wedge secured to the top end of the spindle and projecting between
the said two spring arms, a spring. tending to keep the said spindle raised and an
eccentric secured to the lower end of the spindle outside the magazine, and adapted
to lower the said spindle when operated, substantially as and for the purpose
described.
6. In a box-shaped magazine, arranged beneath the breech bolt, the combination
of the magazine box and magazine spring with means for compressing and locking
the magazine spring, substantially as and for the purpose described.
7. In a box-shaped magazine, arranged beneath the breech bolt, the combination
with the magazine box and magazine spring and the follower, of two upright spring
bars working in grooves of the lateral sides of the magazine and having lateral
projections of the follower engaged in their longitudinal slots; the said slotted bars
having their lower ends projecting outward through apertures formed at the lower
ends of the said grooves and a handle connecting the said lower ends together,
while projections are formed on the outward curved upper ends of the spring bars,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
8. In a box-shaped magazine, arranged beneath the breech bolt, the combination
with the magazine box and magazine spring, of two spring arms extending forward
from the rear side of the magazine into the rear portion of the mouth of the magazine,
means for forcing apart the said two spring arms, and means for compressing and
locking the magazine spring, substantially as and for the purpose described.
9. A sheet metal loading frame or cartridge cramp, consisting of a frame adapted
to inclose a number of cartridges juxtaposed in converging positions; the said
frame being open at its narrow converging sides and having inwardly bent spring
teeth formed on the edges of the apertures for retaining the cartridges, while both
main sides of the frame have formed in them a deep recess in such a manner that
the recesses begin at opposite edges relatively to each other, and that the loading

page_text: frame, placed with either aperture over the mouth of the magazine, presents in its
right hand side a recess commencing at its top edge, substantially as and for the
purpose described.
Dated this 7th day of January 1801
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.