Improvements in Incandescent Gas Burners.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Sept., 1889-Accepted, 19th Oct., 1889
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Incandescent Gas Burners.
I, SYDNEY PITT, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, (a communication
to me from abroad by CHARLES B. HARRIS, a citizen of the United States, residing
at 153 West 23rd Street, New York, State of New York, U.S.A., Gentleman,) do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The invention relates to that class of burners in which filaments or pencils of
refractory incandescent material are suspended in or above the flame of a gas jet
or burner.
The object of the invention is to provide an incandescent burner which will not
cast lateral shadows; that will direct or diffuse the light practically equally in all
directions.
The invention further consists in certain improvements in the manner of suspending
and adjusting the filaments-holders.
so,
To carry out the general purpose of the invention, three or more groups of
pendent-filaments or pencils of incandescing refractory material may be employed
and arranged at an angle to each other so that the light will be diffused in all
directions; for instance, three sets of groups of filaments may be used arranged
in such relation to each other that they form a figure triangular, or approximately
in cross-section, such filaments being rendered incandescent by suitable burners,
will of course, throw the light in all directions the same as an ordinary circular
or Argand gas-burner; or the groups of filaments, of which there may be three
or more, may be arranged so as to be adjusted or turned horizontally about their
supports, so that they may be either arranged in triangular form or turned so that
each group of filaments stand on a radial line from the central support. The
invention, will however, be more fully understood from the drawings and following
description.
In the drawings—
Figure 1 is an elevation of a gas-bracket having multiple burners and multiple
groups of filaments.
Figure 2 is a similar view illustrating a different type of bracket.
Figure 2a, is a sectional plan of the arrangement shown in Fig. 2.
Figure 3 a detail view showing the manner of supporting and vertically adjusting
the heads carrying the pendent filaments..
.
Figure 4 a detail cross-section indicating the same device.
Figures 5 and 6 show other means for vertically adjusting the filament-holders; and,
Figure 7 is a detail sectional plan illustrating the radial arrangement of the
groups of filaments.
In Fig. 1, A represents a curved pendent gas-tube or pipe screwed into an ordinary
gas-bracket A'. At its lower end the pendent-tube A, is provided with three
radially projecting tubes B, carrying ordinary burner-tips b. The filament heads (,
consist of metal caps from which depend, double rows of filaments or pencils c, of
incandescing refractory material. Each group of filaments is suspended above a
burner and is arranged in a plane co-inciding with the plane of the flame and at
right angles to the radial line on which the burner-tube projects. As a result of
this arrangement, the filament-groups form a triangular figure in plan or cross-
section, and consequently throw the light in every direction as does an ordinary
circular burner. Each radially projecting tube may have its own cock, as shown, so
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page_text: a set screw d, so that they may all be simultaneously adjusted vertically with reference
to the burners.
A burner E
In figure 2 a like arrangement with a non-pendent burner is shown.
having three radially projecting burner-tubes e is screwed into the socket of an
ordinary bracket. This burner carries a vertical post F, which supports the adjustable
collar D, as in Fig. 1.
With the exception of the different types of brackets, the burners shown in these
two figures, are practically the same except that in figure 2, the filament-heads are
brought closer together at their ends to form a more compact triangular figure.
In figure 7, the filament-heads may be arranged in triangular relation to each other
over corresponding burners as indicated by the full lines, or they may be rotated so as
to stand radially with reference to the central support, as indicated by dotted lines,
but of course, the burners would have to be similarly turned so that the planes of the
flames would coincide with the planes of the filament-groups. With this arrangement,
it will be seen that light is cast in every direction without lateral shadows. The
filament-heads may be adjusted in slotted or perforated radial arms projecting from the
collar D; for instance, in Figs. 3 and 4, the filament-head may have a tooth suspending-
rod or arm c¹ adapted to engage in the open slotted end of the radial-arm d². By
withdrawing and inserting the toothed-arm from the open slotted radial-arm the
filament head may be adjusted vertically or the radial-arins may have apertures in
them through which vertical rods c' on the filament-heads pass as indicated in Figs.
5 and 6. In the former a set-screw c², on the radial-arm clamps the filament-head
suspending-rod at any desired point. In the latter the end of the filament-head
suspending rod is screw-threaded and carries an adjustable nut c³.
Either of the devices shown in figures 5 and 6 will permit of the adjustment indicated
in Fig.
or any other suitable means may be employed.
Various other means of adjusting the filament-heads may readily be devised by
those skilled in the art, but it will be observed that in the several constructions which
I have shown, the heads are either simultaneously or individually adjustably upon and
independently of the upright support which carries them, whereas, heretofore, as far
as I am aware, it has been customary to adjust the vertical support.
With ordinary circular or Argand, burners, there is not sufficient heat developed by
the combustion to render a circular series of incandescent filaments luminous, the
intenser heat of the flat flame is required, unless an expensive and elaborate con-
struction is resorted to.
I am aware that heretofore it has been proposed to use two groups of filaments
arranged parallel to each other above corresponding burners.
I am also aware that it has been proposed to apply a circular series of filaments
above a circular burner. The first is objectionable and unsatisfactory because not
only is a greatly reduce. light obtained opposite the ends of the filament-groups, but
there is not a general and harmonious diffusion of the light; the latter is impracticable
without a special and expensive construction, which makes it prohibitive of general use.
As is well understood, burners of the class herein described, are to be used with
hydrogen-gas or water-gas having little if any alluminant. The commercial production
of water-gas is such that it may now be furnished at a price far less than the poorest
coal-gas. Assuming therefore that with a burner of the type herein described, each
jet will consume two feet per hour, which would be ample, when the three were
burning, there would be but an expenditure of six feet of gas per hour, giving a pure,
beautiful light of high candle power, far exceeding that which would be obtained from
a much greater quantity of coal or illuminating gas. The light is pure and white and
without flicker flickering or wavering. The pencils or filaments employed may be of
the ordinary kind open to use, such for instance as magnesia mixed in the preparation
of them with a small portion of starch. These pencils are held by their upper ends in
the holders by a packing of the same material applied while in a soft or plastic
condition. By preference, the filaments are so grouped in side view as to present a
curved line at their lower ends to conform somewhat to the shape of the flame of an
ordinary gas jet. Of course in such an arrangement as that indicated in the drawings,

page_text: more especially in Figs. 2 and 2ª one of the groups might be omitted, for instance,
the group on the side marked x Fig. 2a, which it may be assumed is the wall from
which the bracket projects. The two remaining groups forming the V-shaped figure
will then throw the light into the room in every direction, but there will be no useless
expenditure of light directed against the adjacent wall of the room.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
1. The combination with a number of groups of suspended filaments or pencils
arranged at angles to each other, to form a triangular or polygonal figure, of a
corresponding number of gas jets or burners above which they are suspended.
2. The combination of groups of pendent filaments or pencils arranged in angular
relation to each other, so as to diffuse the light approximately equally in all directions,
with a corresponding number of gas jets or burners above which they are suspended.
3. The combination of a central support around which gas burners are radially
located, and groups of filaments arranged in angular relation to each other, held by
the central support above their corresponding gas jets or burners.
4. The combination of groups of filaments or pencils arranged in V-shaped with
corresponding gas jets or burners, above which they are suspended, substantially as
set forth.
5. The combination with a gas jet or burner, of a group of filaments or pencils
suspended above the burner upon a fixed or stationary support and adjusting mechanism
for adjusting the group of filaments vertically upon the upright support.
6. The combination of a group of pendant filaments or pencils carried by a suitable
head, a supporting-rod connected with said head, and a supporting-arm in which
the supporting rod is both vertically adjustable and rotatable.
7. The combination of a number of groups of filaments arranged in angular relation
to each other, a common support or collar to which they are all united, a central or
vertical support upon which the collar is vertically adjustable, and the gas jets or
burners, one for each group of filaments above which they are suspended.
Dated this 6th day of September 1889.
CARPMAEL & CO.,
Agents.