Improvements in and relating to Vessels and Appliances for Boiling, Infusing, Steaming, Washing, and Bleaching Purposes.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Dec., 1890-Accepted, 3rd Jan., 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Vessels and Appliances for Boiling,
Infusing, Steaming, Washing, and Bleaching Purposes.
I, ARCHIBALD HART of Glenallan, Dunblane, in the County of Perth, North
Britain, Minister of the Gospel, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention which relates to improvements in and relating to vessels and
appliances for boiling, infusing steaming washing and bleaching purposes has for its
object to increase the flow of the liquids contained in said vessels and thereby improve
and hasten the heating operations.
My said improvements may be adapted to any special vessel from a tea-pot to a
vessel containing many gallons; and they may be used in built-in boilers, stoves
having flues (which may be heated by means of gas or oil burners) or for suspending
over, or setting upon an open fire or close range. And they may be constructed of
wood, iron, pottery ware, enamelled or tinned iron, copper, or brass or nickel plate,
or any combinations of such materials, and which may be made plain, or corrugated,
ribbed or fluted, as desired according to size.
But in order that my said invention may be more readily understood I will proceed
to describe a few adaptations of the same with reference to the accompanying drawings
in which the same reference figures denote the same parts.
Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1, are sectional elevation and plan of an ordinary built-in
boiler having my improvements adapted thereto.
Figures 3 and 4, Sheet 2, are sectional elevation and plan of a boiler showing a
modification of my said improvements.
Figures 5 and 6, Sheet 3, are similar views of another modification of my said
improvements for use in built in boilers.
Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12, Sheet 3, are detail views of some of the parts of
same.
Figures 13 and 14, Sheet 4, are sectional elevation and plan of a modification of
my improvements as adapted to a boiling or cooking vessel.
Figures 15 and 16, Sheet 4, are sectional elevation and plan of an adaptation of
my said improvements for use in any existing boiling or cooking vessel.
Figures 17 and 18, Sheet 4 are detail views of parts of same.
And Figures 19 and 20, Sheet 4, are sectional and part side elevations of a boiler
having my improvements formed on same.
Referring to the said drawings it will be seen that my said improvements in vessels
and appliances mean a combination of parts whereby an increased flow is given to
the liquids therein and thus improving and hastening the heating operations.
In carrying out my said invention as applied to ordinary built-in or other boilers,
I provide the said boilers A, (Figures 1 to 4,) with an improved raised or dome-
shaped lid B, having an ordinary rim and flange around its bottom edge, and
auxiliary lid or lids b, preferably hinged to main lid near its top and which may
be provided with suitable handles 6', and the main lid may if desired. be also provided
with lifting handles 62. Inside the said boilers I provide a heat concentrating bottom
cover C, having double central working tubes D, D¹ and centrifugal action
holes E, E as also the holding down devices F and f, the whole of which constitute
my improved appliances, and which may be used in any copper or vessel differing
from the ordinary boiler in respect that they may be flat-bottomed or well-bottomed,
or they may be provided with feet or rim for stove or burner, but with this exception
that for small vessels I may use two rings on the rim of the boiler, and a suitable
connecting wire or rod in lieu of the clamping devices f.

page_text: T
The said heat concentrating bottom cover C, is preferably made slightly convex, and
provided with feet or knee shaped supports c, and sometimes especially for large
boilers (as shewn in Figures 1 and 2) a wire netting or other perforated tray G,
either next to bottom or laid upon the bottom cover C, from the rim g, of which the
triangular shaped holding down wires F, are hooked, and they pass up the opposite
sides and are turned over the rim a, of the boiler A, and fixed there by means of
clamps and thumb screws f. The inner apex of the said triangle wires may if
desired be provided or formed with wide rings corresponding with similar formations
on the clamps or on the rim of the boiler, for thrusting a long handle through, so as
both to hold down apparatus and to enable the contents of the boiler being raised or
taken out. The rim g, of this wire tray G, being, in some cases, a hoop of metal on
edge, it serves to accomodate the bottom cover C, with catches c¹, which thus engage
or become linked to each other.
In lieu of the triangular shaped holding down wires F, Figures 1 and 2, I may
only provide one triangle of wire F¹ Figures 3 and 4, which is fixed at its bottom
ends to the bottom cover C, and formed at its apex with double prongs f², which pass
up on either side of the holding and lifting bar F2 which is hooked or bent at its one
end so as to enable it to grip the rim of the boiler, the said rod passing through
a slot or handle f* secured to or formed on the top cover D² of the tubes, D, D¹ and
its other end f³ caused to engage in a slot, eyelet or opening secured to the building
or rim of the boiler; or if said tubes are oblong and extend partly or wholly across
the boiler I may so form the cover as to have two projecting ends f Figures 5 and 6,
which are clamped by any ordinary clamp and thumb screw to the rim of the boiler,
or which may engage with suitable catches provided on said rim; or I may provide
a continuous metal band extending from the rim of the boiler down the side across
the bottom and up the other side and bent over the rim both ends being secured to the
said rim, by clamps, this band having a male or female screw attached to it, and which
fits into a corresponding screw on underside of the bottom cover, suitable handles
being provided on the outer tube D, to enable the screws to be engaged or disengaged.
Standing upright on said bottom cover Care the double central working tubes D, D¹,
the lower ends of which are open and the outer one D, of which passes through said
cover and is brazed or otherwise secured thereto, though in some cases it may be made
in one with the bottom cover. The said tubes D, D', may be in or near the centre of
the cover as shown in Figures 1 and 2, or they may be near the side thereof as shown
in Figures 3 and 4, in which case the part C, of the cover beneath the tubes is raised
to the same level as the top of the cover C, which formation may also be made to fit
close to the side of the boiler, or the said tubes D, D¹ may extend across the diameter
of said bottom cover as shown in Figures 5 and 6, or only partly across, and they may
be either circular, elliptical, square, oblong, or triangular in section and kept
equidistant from each other by nieans of projections d, either formed on or attached to
one or other or both of said tubes, the said projections may also if desired be so formed
as to act as catches for holding the tubes in position, which is also assisted by their
top ends being attached by screwing, brazing, or otherwise to, or formed in one with
the top cover D, underneath which they are provided with one or more series of
holes or preforations E, E', which may be either formed in the tubes themselves as
shown in Figures 1, 2, 5 and 7, or in section carrying a bead or cornice e, preferably
of a semicircular shape in section either secured to the said tubes D, D¹, or to the
tube D, as shown in Figures 3, 4, 8, and 9, or stamped, swedged, or formed on or
in the said tube D, as shown in Figures 10, 17, and 18; the said holes E, E' may
also extend around the tubes or partly around, or partly along the sides, according to
the sectional shape and position of said tubes on bottom cover, and the said holes may
be punched, cast, stamped or otherwise made as plain openings, though I preferably
so make them as to have projecting orifices e', having a downward bevel, or in some
instances the said projecting orifices may be formed as a kind of cornice and secured
to the tubes, or they may resemble the mouths of separate founts, by having some
device as such formed on or attached to them, so as to lend appearance to said
openings as also to assist in the flow of the liquids, which may be caused to flow

page_text: in any desired downward direction, either obliquely or otherwise, the said downward
direction being assisted by means of the holes E', of the inner tube D', being higher
than the holes E, of the outer tube D.
The said tubes are preferably of one height though if desired I may make the inner
tube D', which acts as the central heat chamber, longer and projecting above the
outer tube D, or in some cases to be hereafter mentioned, the said inner tube D¹, is
made with an open top end, which enables it to be used as a kind of heating flue, and
in these cases it has no holes or preforations E. The sealing or closing of the top
ends of said tubes may be effected in various ways, such as is shown in Figures 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, that is having a cover D² brazed, or otherwise secured to the top
ends of both tubes, in which case I may use any ordinary tube or bottle brush for
cleaning purposes, or as is shown in Figures 11 and 12, that is by forming the top
ends of both tubes D, D', and cover D², as one piece, and screwing it on to the outer
tube D, or if desired it may be so made as to screw on to both tubes, the said top
piece may or may not have the centrifugal action holes E, E', formed in it, and if
desired the said top piece may be made of a better quality of material or metal than
the tubes, or as is shown in Figures 15 and 16, that is by forming the cover D², with
a recess part d', into which the top end of the inner tube D¹ fits, and screwing the
said cover on to the top of the outer tube D, or by forming the inner tube with a
cover which projects all round and fills up the space between the two tubes, and the
outer one fitted on by sliding it down over the inner one and fixing it in position by
means of the projections or snugs d, which may be so formed as to act as catches, or
the outer tube may have its top edges turned over and the inner tube having the
cover, with a suitable flange and rim thereon, is passed down inside the outer tube
and held there, by suitable hooks, pivoted on said cover which engage with eyelets
formed on or attached to the outer tube, or the inner tube may have a cover of its
own and the outer one D, also provided with a cover D, having a central opening
into which the inner tube D', fits such as is shown in Figures 17 and 18.
Referring to Figures 5, and 6, Sheet 3, the modification there shown is preferably
made of wood, and it may be made to fit any kind of boiler either round, square or
oblong. And if desired the said wooden appliance may be strengthened with metal
hoops where required, and is provided with metal rests or supports c² Figures 5
and 6, in addition to the wooden supports c¹, which are for supporting the whole
appliance on; and to assist in the holding down of said appliance, when the tubes
extend across the boiler, as shown, I may use two or more wedges between it and the
sides of the boiler.
My said improved appliances may also be used in an ordinary boiling, infusing or
cooking vessel; one modification of which I have shown in Figures 15 and 16, Sheet 4,
which has the bottom cover C, slightly hollowed out or made convex underneath the
tubes D, D', the inner one of which may be held in position by means of the small
screws d², and the said appliances may be used without any tray and provided with
feet or rests c². Or my said improved appliances may form part of the cooking,
boiling, or infusing vessel A, an example of which I have shown in Figures 13 and 14,
Sheet 4, which shows the inner tube D', as a kind of flue extending up through the
dome shaped lid B, which has the auxiliary lids b, hinged thereon, or the lids b, may
be pivoted thereon, and the said lid B, has also two pivoted covers H, H', the
latter of which is perforated so as to allow of the draught being regulated, the use
of the solid cover H, being to confine the heat in the said flue. The extra power got
by this formation of the inner tube D¹, dispenses with the necessity of any action
holes in the said inner tube, though I make the action holes E, in the outer tube D,
as already described. And this formation has also advantages for fixing and keeping
in position the bottom cover C, and outer tube D. The said inuer tube D', being
part of or rigidly secured to the said vessel A, at its lower end, the sealing of the said
outer tube D, may be effected as shown at d³, that is, its upper edge is bevelled in
and fitted close around the inner tube D¹, which joint may be more closely made if
desired by providing a ring of asbestos or other material around same.
Or the sealing
of said outer tube D, may be effected as shown in Figures 17 and 18, that is by

page_text: forming the outer tube D, with a suitable cover or flange D', which may be slightly
bevelled if desired, the inside of said flange D, being so made as to fit closely around
the inner tube D, and if desired the outer edge of said flange may be made with a
device somewhat after that of the top of a pillar. The bottom clear space betwixt the
bottom cover C, and the bottom of the vessel is secured by means of the feet or
rests 2, Figure 15, and the whole may be steadied by providing lugs on the inner
tube or sides of vessel. Or as a further modification my said improved appliance
may be adapted to other and larger boilers in a similar manner to that as described
with reference to Figures 13 and 14, that is by forming the inner tube as a kind of
flue, and which may either form part of said boiler or it may be rigidly secured
thereto.
In carrying out my said improvements in regard to forming part of my said
apparatus in one with an ordinary boiler, by casting or otherwise, I preferably form
the outer tube D, Figures 19, and 20, Sheet 4, on the outside of the boiler A, which
may be a built in or portable boiler, having either a flat or circular shaped bottom, the
said boiler A, being provided with a suitable convex bottom cover C, having a lifting
handle and which is held down in its position by means of one or more pro-
jections c, formed on or secured to the sides of boiler, as also by the projecting
ledge K, formed along the top of the bottom opening K¹, of the tube D, the said
opening being in the side of the boiler, the said ledge also ensuring the proper action or
supply of the liquid to the tubes. Inside the said outer tube D, I mount an inner tube,
and which as a modification may take the form of a single web or partition L, which
extends from near the bottom of the outer tube to the top where it is suitably fixed
and held in position by means of its rim and flange or cover l, and screws and nuts l¹
the said flange 1 also acting as a cover for the outer tube. The double acting
holes E, and E', are formed as herein before described in both the outer and inner
tubes.
It is to be understood that the double acting tubes may be placed either centrally,
or at the side, or if two sets of tubes are used, one at either side, or otherwise in the
said vessels or boilers, whether they act as a flue or not, and that in all cases I prefer
to employ my improved dome shaped lids B, so as to enable the apparatus to work at
double power, to obviate boiling ever, and to concentrate the heat upon the upper
parts of the tubes D D¹, and also to give a central or other passage for air or steam,
and so maintain the equilibrium required in the operations.
As a modification of my said improved dome shaped lid B, I may make it in two
equal parts in lieu of one, in which case I may dispense with the auxiliary lids b,-and
for infusing purposes I may provide a suitable pivotted ring or handle, in order to
suspend the matter being infused, an example of which. I have shewn at J, in
Figures 3 and 4, Sheet 2. And further if desired to prevent any articles clogging
the action holes E, of the outer tube, I may suitably attach a wire or other guard or
screen.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is.-
First. The general arrangement, combination and construction of the various parts,
constituting my improvements in and relating to vessels and appliances for boiling,
infusing, steaming, washing and bleaching purposes, all substantially as hereinbefore
described and shewn in the accompanying drawings.
Second. In vessels for boiling and other purposes, the arrangement and construction
of the heat concentrating bottom cover C, with or without the perforated tray G, the
said cover C, having the double acting tubes D D', formed on or attached thereto, and
which are provided with the centrifugal action holes E, E, and cover D2, all sub-
stantially as, and for the purposes herein before described, and shewn in Figures 1
to 12 and 15 to 18 inclusive of the accompanying drawings.
Third. In combination with the said heat concentrating cover C, the arrangement
and construction of the holding down device F, and clumps f, and ring holes as shewn

page_text: in Figures 1 and 2, or the modifications of same as shewn in Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6,
all substantially as, and for the purposes hereinbefore described and shewn in the
accompanying drawings.
Fourth. In vessels for boiling and other purposes, the arrangement and construction
of a vessel A, having inner tube D¹, formed as a kind of flue, and which also acts as a
holding down device for the cover C, and outer tube D, all substantially as, and for
the purposes herein before described and shewn in Figures 13, 14, 17 and 18 of the
accompanying drawings.
Fifth. In vessels for boiling and other purposes the arrangement combination and
construction of the improved dome shaped lids B, having auxiliary lids b, hinged or
pivotted thereon, or the modification of same, all substantially as, and for the purposes
herein before described and shewn in Figures 1, 3, 13 and 14 of the accompanying
drawings.
Sixth. In boilers or coppers the general arrangement construction and combination
therewith of the outer tube D, inner tube or partition L, double action holes E and E',
bottom opening K¹, having ledge K, and convex bottom (), all substantially as and
for the purposes hereinbefore described and shewn in Figures 19 and 20 of the
accompanying drawings.
Dated this 2nd day
JOHNSONS,
115, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Applicant's Agents.