IMPROVED MEANS FOR VENTILATING HOUSE DRAINS AND FOR WARMING HOUSES
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Edward Mineard of Kensington in the County
of Middlesex and Thomas Crapper of Chelsea in the same County for an
Invention of "IMPROVED MEANS FOR VENTILATING HOUSE DRAINS AND FOR
WARMING HOUSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Edward Mineard
and Thomas Crapper at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
10th March 1883.
GEORGE EDWARD MINEARD of Kensington in the County of Middlesex and
THOMAS CRAPPER of Chelsea in the same County "IMPROVED MEANS FOR
VENTILATING HOUSE DRAINS AND FOR WARMING HOUSES"
This invention relates to new means for effecting the ventilation of house drains
as described in the specification of Letters Patent granted to us the 13th day of
April 1881 N° 1628, and also, in combination therewith, of means for warming
houses.
According to the specification of the said Patent, a continuous downdraught in
the soil pipe is caused by creating an up draught in an upcast ventilating shaft
in connection with the soil pipe, by means of a gas or other flame enclosed in a
suitable chamber forming part of the ventilating shaft.
This arrangement however entails considerable expense in the cost of working,
owing to the quantity of gas burnt, and the object of the present invention is to
effect the same result in a more economical manner.
To this end we construct a hot-water cistern of any convenient shape, and
through the centre, or other convenient part of such cistern, we carry one or more
straight or spiral tubes properly screwed or rivetted so as to be air and water
tight. The ends of these pipes project through the top and bottom of the cistern,
and are connected with the upcast ventilating pipe in any convenient manner.
The cistern is fixed in some convenient position, either close to the ceiling of the
basement, or halfway through the floor, and is connected with a high pressure
boiler at back of kitchen range in the ordinary manner with flow and return
pipes.

page_text: The centre tube or tubes are then connected with the upcast ventilating pipe,
which is, after passing through the cistern, carried through the external wall and
outside up to the roof, or it may be carried up inside the house and through
the roof.
The heat of the water in the cistern warms the air in the ventilating pipe,
causing it to ascend, and compelling a constant current of fresh air down the soil
pipe through the house drains and up the ventilating pipe.
The means for warming houses consist in enclosing the hot water cistern in a
casing of sheet iron or other suitable material, leaving an air space between the
casing and the cistern. An opening through the external wall of the house admits
fresh air to this air space, which after being warmed, is conveyed by a tube
provided with a regulator through the floor into the Hall or staircase.
Or the hot water cistern may be arranged to project half through the floor into
the Hall above, and we surround it with a casing forming an air space as before
described. Outside this casing we may fix an ornamental grating of iron or other
suitable material provided with a hit or miss ventilator or other suitable means
for allowing the warmed fresh air to enter the Hall or staircase or divert it up the
pipe casing.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said George Edward Mineard and Thomas Crapper in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 8th September 1883.
GEORGE EDWARD MINEARD of Kensington in the County of Middlesex and
THOMAS CRAPPER of Chelsea in the saine County "IMPROVED MEANS FOR
VENTILATING HOUSE DRAINS AND FOR WARMING HOUSES "
This invention relates to new means for effecting the ventilation of house drains
according to the system described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to
us the thirteenth day of April One thousand eight hundred and eighty one N° 1628
and also in combination therewith of means for warming houses.
According to the Specification of the said Patent the system of ventilation consists
in causing a continuous down-draught in the soil pipe by creating an up-draught
in an up-cast ventilating shaft in connection with the soil pipe the means employed
for obtaining the said up-draught being a gas or other flame enclosed in a suitable
chamber forming part of the ventilating shaft.
This arrangement however entails considerable expense in the cost of working
owing to the quantity of gas burned and the object of the present invention is to
effect the same result in a more economical manner.
To this end we employ a hot water circulating cistern of any convenient shape
preferably in connection with the kitchen boiler and through this cistern we carry
the upcast ventilating shaft. The walls of the sbaft become hot by contact with
the water and communicate the heat to the air enclosed in the shaft which rises
thus creating an up-draught.
In the accompanying drawings Fig: 1 Sheet I shows a sectional elevation of a
house with one arrangement of our improvements applied thereto, Fig: 2 showing
the means employed on an enlarged scale and in section Fig: 3 Sheet II is a
sectional elevation of a house with modified arrangement of our improvements
applied thereto, Figures 4, 5 and 6 Sheet III being details on an enlarged scale.
A is the soil pipe or house drain which on its way to the sewer passes through
what we term an inspection chamber" B.
C
"
In this chamber B is a "Weaver's " or other suitable trap C which is intended
to prevent sewer gas passing into the chamber B from the sewer. The connection
between the house drain A and the trap C is made by the trough or half pipe D,
the house drain is thus always open to the chamber B.-The soil pipe or house
drain A we prefer shall be carried up to the roof of the house and be open at top
to the external air.
In connection with the chamber B is the up-cast ventilating shaft E which we
prefer to carry up some distance above the roof but in any case above the mouth
of the soil pipe A.
So far the arrangement of the pipes is the same as, or similar to, that described
in the Specification of the Patent before referred to.
F is a hot water circulating cistern which in Figures 1 and 2 Sheet I is placed
near to the front wall of the house and immediately below the ceiling of the base-
ment. Through the cistern F the ventilating pipe E is passed The hot water
contained in the cistern heats the pipe E which communicates the heat to the air
enclosed therein.
The heated air as it rises in the ventilating pipe E causes a vacuum in the
inspection chamber" B which draws in the air down the soil pipe. This air
as it descends carries down with it any sewer gas that may be in the soil pipe.

page_text: The ventilation thus effected is so perfect that the use of syphons or traps to
the waterclosets and sinks will be practically rendered unnecessary.
The cistern F which is connected to the kitchen boiler by the pipes a, b in any
convenient manner to ensure proper circulation is enclosed in a casing G of sheet
iron or other suitable material to the bottom of which fresh air is admitted
through an opening H made in the external wall of the house.-This air is warmed
by coming into contact with the hot water cistern F and is allowed to escape into,
say, the hall of the house by. a Tobin ventilating tube I or in any other convenient
manner.
In the arrangement shown at Sheets II and III the hot water cistern is placed
half way through the floor of the basement and projects into the hall above. The
portion which projects above the floor is enclosed in an ornamental iron casing J
formed at the top with a "hit or miss" ventilator.-In every other respect the
arrangement is the same as that described with reference to Sheet I and the same
letters of reference will apply.
Having now described the nature of our Invention for "Improved means for
ventilating house drains and for warming houses" and explained the manner of
carrying the same into effect.
We claim
First: As means for effecting the ventilation of house drains, the combination
with an up-cast ventilating shaft in connection with the house drains of a hot
water circulating cistern substantially as and for the purpose herein shown and
described.
Second As means for warming houses the combination of a hot water circulating
cistern with an envelope or casing provided at bottom with a fresh air inlet and at
top with a Tobin, "hit or miss," or other suitable ventilator substantially in the
manner herein shown and described.
In Witness whereof I the said George Edward Mineard have hereunto set
my hand and seal the Seventh day of September in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.