IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS, COMPOSED OF PIPES AND TUBES, FOR THE GENERATION OF STEAM
Year: 1885

page_text: Generation of Steam.
I, PATRICK REILLY, of 177 Butler Street, in the City of Brooklyn, Kings
County, State of New York, United States of America, Mechanical Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS,
COMPOSED OF PIPES AND TUBES, FOR THE GENERATION OF STEAM," and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particulary described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
My invention has for its object the construction of a steam generator adapted
to generate steam, quickly, be perfectly safe, and embody such principles of
construction that it may be made of any desired size and capacity.
With this object in view I employ only pipes and tubes in the construction of
my improved steam generator, making the main supporting part of comparatively
large pipes, to provide ample water and steam capacity, so constructed and arranged
as to allow for expansion and contraction without injury to them. And connecting
several series of tubes and tubular coils to the upper and lower parts of the large
pipes in such a manner that each of the central tubes and tubular coils is
independent of the others, thus providing for a free and rapid circulation of the
water; and all are so arranged in relation to the furnace as to quickly and fully
utilize the heat, due to the combustion of the fuel, in converting the water into
steam.
The whole of the generator is surrounded by a tubular coil water jacket, through
which the water flows before it enters the steam generating tubes.
But to describe my invention more particularly I will now refer to the accom-
panying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1, is a longitudinal vertical central section of my improved steam generator.
Fig. 2, is a horizontal section cut on the line y, Y.
Fig. 3, is a horizontal section cut on the line x, x; and,
Fig. 4 is a transverse vertical section cut on the line z, z.
The main supporting frame comprises four vertical or corner stand pipes a, a', a², a³,,
four horizontal pipes b, 61, 62, 63, connected by suitable flanges to and between the
stand pipes, at a short distance from their lower ends or about in line with the fire
grate; and four pipes c, c¹, c³, o³, connected to the top of the stand pipes by means,
:

page_text: of the triple bends d, d, d², d³. These stand pipes a, a¹, a³, a³, form water legs,
the water level being a short distance below their upper ends, so that the lower
horizontal pipes b, 61, 62, 63, are always full of water; and the lower ends of the
stand pipes below these horizontal pipes form reservoirs for the collection of
sediment, of which the generator may be readily freed, by blowing off the same
through the pipes a*, connected to the lower ends of the stand pipes. The upper
horizontal pipes c, c¹, c², c³, constitute the steam receiver.
The steam generating part of the boiler comprises; first, two sets of tubes
formed so as extend from the side horizontal pipes 61, and 63, over the furnace, in
inclined positions, with their upper parts close together, and to the steam
receivers c¹, and c³; the one set e, e, e, connecting the pipes b¹, and c', and the other
set e¹, el, e¹, connecting the pipes 63, and c³. Second, independent tubular coils
surrounding the tubes e, e¹, and supported thereby, connecting the front and rear
horizontal pipes, b, and 62, to the steam receivers c, c¹ c², c. In the drawings four
tubular coils are shown, but their number and size may be varied as desired and
according to the size and capacity of the generator. The lower end of the inner
coil f, is connected at f¹, to the front pipe b, and its upper end f³, to the pipe c¹, of
the steam receiver; the second coil g, is connected by its end g¹, to the rear pipe b²,
and at its upper end g³, to the rear pipe c², of the steam receiver; the third coil h,
connects the rear pipe 63, with the side pipe c³, of the steam receiver, by its ends h¹,
and h, respectively; and the fourth and outer coiler i, connects at its lower end i¹,
with the front pipe b, and at its upper end 2, with the front pipe c, of the steam
receiver.
These tubular coils f, g, h, i, are formed alternately right and left, so that their
adjacent folds or coils cross one another, thus causing the products of combustion.
from the furnace to pass around all parts of the coils, by breaking the direct
passages which would be formed if the coils were wound in one direction only.
Besides which, this reverse alternate coiling of the tubes f, g, h, i, admits of
uniformly direct connections being made between the water pipes b, b¹, b³, b³, and
the steam pipes c, c¹, c³, c³.
The furnace is formed by the four walls j, j, built under the lower parts of the
tubes e, e', and the grate bars k, k, are supported on ledges projecting from the
front and rear walls in the ordinary manner.
Surrounding the whole of the upper part of the generator, above the furnace, is
a water jacket, composed of coil of tubes 7, whose lower end , is connected to the
side water pipe 63; and a flat coil m, located on the top of and forming a hood for
the generator, is connected at its outer end m³, to the upper end of the coil Z.
This water jacket prevents any loss of heat by radiation, thus causing the full
utilization of all the heat from the combustion of the fuel in the furnace.
The casing n, which may be made of sheet or cast iron plates suitably bolted
together, covers the entire generator; and in its rear part are formed the two
chambers o, and p, separated from the main portion of the generator by the wall
or partition n. The upper part of this partition n', is cut away opposite the
chamber o; and the lower part of the partition n², which divides the chambers o,
and p, is also cut away; thus providing a passage for the gaseous products of com-
bustion, from the furnace, down the chamber o, and up the chamber p, to the flue
or stack attached to the outlet p¹, as indicated by the arrows. And in these
chambers o, and p, are placed the tubular coils q, and r, respectively, connected
together at their lower ends; the upper end of the coil r, being connected to the
center of the flat coil m, by the tube r', and the upper end q¹, of the coil q, passes
out through the casing n, and is connected to the source of water supply.
The coils q, and r, and the water jacket coils m, and I, are always full of water,
the flow of which is as follows. The water enters the end q¹, of the coil g, passes
down this coil and up the coil r, to the center of the flat coil m, and after circu-
lating through this flat coil to its outer end, passes down the outside coil , to the
center of the horizontal pipe 63; from this point it is distributed throughout the
whole of the lower part of the generator, entirely filling the four pipes b, b¹, b³, b³,

page_text: and partly filling the stand' pipes a, a', a², a³; and from the pipes b, 61, 62, 63, the
water flows into the central supporting tubes e, e¹, and the coil tubes f, g, h, i,
in independent streams, in which tubes and coils it is directly acted upon by the
heat of the fire, and the resultant steam passes to the various parts of the steam
receiver c, c¹, c³, c³, d, d³, d³, d; and from one or more parts of which it may be
taken, but preferably from the rear part c³, d³, d³, as for instance at 8, as the steam
in this part of the receiver will be dryest.
Any water that passes up the tubes e, e¹, and coils f, g, h, i, with the steam
will separate therefrom in the pipes c, c c. c³, and flow down the stand
pipes a, a¹ a, a³.
t, represents the fire door in the front part of the casing n, u, the ash pit opening,
and v, v, the water gages and pet-cocks.
From this construction and arrangement of pipes, and water supply and steam
generating tubes, it is evident that but little of the heat due to the combustion of
the fuel in the furnace, will be wasted; that the large pipes of the main supporting
part are so arranged as to be free to expand and contract without excessive strains
on their connecting joints; that steam will be quickly generated in the independent
central tubes e, e¹, and coils f, g, h, i, and a constant and large supply maintained,
as each tube and coil may be considered as an independent generator, and the water
contained therein is rapidly converted into steam, which passes up from all of them
into a steam chamber or receiver, also under the influence of the gaseous products
of combustion; and that the central tubes e, e¹, and their connections, and those of
the coils f. g. h, i, are so made as to avoid all straining of parts due to the unequal
expansion and contraction of this part of the generator.
According to the size of the generator, the number of tubes e, e', and coils f, g, h, i,
may be varied; or the coils may be omitted, the number of central tubes e, e',
being increased in this case, if desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that
what I claim is
First. In a tubular steam generator, in combination, four stand pipes, horizontal
pipes connected to and between them at their upper ends and lower parts, and
steam generating tubes each connected to an upper and a lower horizontal pipe,
and inclined so as to come together at the upper central part of the generator, and
furnace grate bars located directly under the steam generating tubes, substantially
as described.
Second. In a tubular steam generator, in combination, a main supporting frame
comprising stand pipes and horizontal connecting pipes, furnace grate bars located
within the same, central steam generating tubes connected to the upper and lower
parts of the main supporting frame pipes, and formed so as to extend over the
grate bars, and tubular coils arranged around and supported by the central tubes,
and independently connected to the upper and lower parts of the main supporting
frame pipes, substantially as and for the purpose set-forth.
Third. In a tubular steam generator, in combination, the stand pipes a, a¹ a², a³,
the horizontal connecting pipes b, b¹, b², b³, c, c¹ c², c³, and triple bend connec-
tions d, d, d², d, substantially as and for the purpose set-forth.
Fourth. In a tubular steam generator, in combination, the stand pipes a, a¹, a³, a³,
the horizontal connecting pipes b, b¹, b², b³, c, c¹ c³, c³, and the steam generating
tubes e, e, el el, substantially as and for the purpose set-forth.
Fifth. In a tubular steam generator, in combination, the stand pipes a, a¹, a³, a³,
the horizontal connecting pipes b, b1, b², b³, c, c¹, c³, c³, the steam generating
tubes e, e, e¹, e¹, and tubular coils f, g, h, i, substantially as and for the purpose
Bet-forth.
Sixth. In a tubular steam generator, in combination, the stand pipes a, a¹, a³, a³,
the lower horizontal connecting pipes b, b¹, 6². 6³, the upper horizontal pipes c, c¹ c³, c³,
and bend connections d. d, d³, d³, constituting the steam receiver, steam generating
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page_text: tubes connected to the pipes b, 61, 62, 63, and the pipes c, cl, c, c³, and the furnace
composed of the walls i, j, and grate bars k, k, substantially as and for the purpose
set-forth.
Seventh. A tubular steam generator consisting of a main frame of pipes a, a, a, a³,
b, b¹, b³, b³, c, c¹ c³, c³, steam generating tubes e, e, e¹, e¹, f, g, h, i, furnace j, j, k, k,
the water heater composed of the coils l, and m, surrounding the generator, and
coils q, and r, located in the chambers o, and p, at the back of the generator,
substantially as and for the purpose set-forth.