matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lachlan McIntyre at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th December 1881.
LACHLAN MCINTYRE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS."
This Invention which relates to improvements in the arrangement and con-
strution of steam boilers, relates to that class of vertical boilers, such as are used
for river steamers, scows, steam barges, portable engines, or for other purposes
wherein vertical steam boilers are used. The boiler consists of a large firo
chamber situated in the lower part of the boiler and projecting vertically upwards;
from the central part of this fire chamber is another chamber of less diameter
in communication or forming part of the fire chamber. From this chamber any
desired number of rows of horizontal tubes project radially outwards, their outer
ends being fastened in the shell of the boiler, so that there is free communication
from the fire chamber through those rows of tubes to the outside of the shell.
That portion of the shell extending from the top of the boiler and down to below
the lowest row of tubes has a casing fixed over it, which communicates with a
chimney at the top, and a sufficient space is left between this casing and the boiler
shell to allow of the products of combustion and heat to pass up therethrough on
their way to the chimney, and so heat the upper part of the boiler by passing over
the exterior thereof. The fire chamber may be provided with one, two, three, four,
or more fireplaces.
The crown of the boiler and the sides down to the level of the uppermost tubes
may be protected from the direct action of the flame by a casing leaving a space
between itself, the exterior of the said crown and sides of the boiler through
which a circulation of air will be maintained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELASTIC STAMPS OR PRINTING APPARATUS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Felix van den Wyngaert at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th March 1881. A communication
from Arnold Weylandt, of Friederichs Str., 225, at Berlin, in the Empire of
Germany.
FELIX VAN DEN WINGAERT, of Puttkamer Str., 22, at Berlin, in the Empire of
Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELASTIC STAMPS OR PRINTING APPARATUS." (A
communication from Arnold Weylandt, of Friederichs Str., 225, at Berlin, in the
Empire of Germany.)
This Invention has for object improvements in elastic stamps or printing
apparatus, and according thereto a stamp or printing apparatus is made of
vulcanized india rubber or caoutchouc in the form of a whoel or roller, with the
letters, characters, or devices of which. impressions are to be produced on its
periphery portions, whereof between such letters, characters, or devices are cut
away or otherwise removed.
By forming the letters, characters, or devices to be printed from in one with the
wheel or roller made of vulcanized india rubber or caoutchouc, as described, a
stamp or printing apparatus is produced that will be durable and available for
various purposes for which elastic stamps as heretofore usually constructed have
not been suited.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SPRING MATTRESSES, SPRING BED BOTTOMS, SPRING BEDS, SEATS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Lloyd and Henry James Rust
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th August 1881.
EDWIN LLOYD, of Bracebridge, in the County of Lincoln, and HENRY JAMES
RUST, of Sheffield, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF SPRING MATTRESSES, SPRING BED BOTTOMS, SPRING BEDS, SEATS, AND OTHER
SIMILAR ARTICLES."
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of spring mattresses,
spring bed bottoms, spring beds, seats, and other similar articles, our Invention
being applicable to bedsteads, couches, ships' sleeping berths, vehicle seats, chairs,
and other similar purposes.
Our Invention consists of endless elastic spring steel bands fitted to a frame, by
preference made adjustable, the said frame being independent of or fixed to its
support, or the said support may be made adjustable for the purpose of tightening
the said endless steel bands, or the said bands may be fitted directly to their
support to obviate the necessity of an independent frame.
The endless bands may be of plain hoop steel, or the said bands may be formed
somewhat like the letter T in cross section, or corrugated or bent in cross section
to strengthen tliem.
The endless bands will be hardened and tempered, or similarly treated or other-
wise formed so as to render them thoroughly elastic.
The frame to which the endless bands are fitted may be made of wood or metal,
or wood and metal combined, or may be of metallic tubes, the sides thereof, which
are in the direction of the length of the endless bands, being made adjustable by
being joined to the end frames by right and left hand screws, screws and lock nuts,
or other equivalent appliances by which the tension of the endless bands will be
adjusted, and to allow of the frame being readily put together and taken to
pieces.
As a modification, the endless elastic bands may be of india-rubber, or of
leather, canvas, or cord, in combination with india rubber springs, or other
elastic substance, but by preference the endless bands will be of spring steel
hoops.

page_text: The endless bands may be used in combination with conical or other shaped steel
springs, or india rubber, which will be placed between the top and bottom lengths
of the endless bands when in position.
By our Invention simple and effective camp and portable beds, bedsteads, or
seats can be formed.
As a further modification the endless bands aforesaid can be used in combination
with laths or bands interlaced transversely with the said endless bands.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WRINGING COTTON, LINEN, OR OTHER FIBROUS YARNS WHEN IN THE HANK, DYED, SIZED, OR OTHERWISE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wolstenholme at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th September 1881.
JOHN WOLSTENHOLME, of Albert Works; Radcliffe, near Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WRINGING
COTTON, LINEN, OR OTHER FIBROUS YARNS WHEN IN THE HANK, DYED, SIZED,
OR OTHERWISE
"
My Invention has reference to "Improvements in Apparatus for Wringing Cotton,
Linen, or other Fibrous Yarns when in the Hank, Dyed, Sized, or otherwise."
My method of carrying out my Invention is as follows:-The material required
to be wrung is placed on two hooks after the usual manner, one of the hooks
remaining stationary and the other revolving. The stationary hook has attached
to it a spring or weight, which can be regulated at will to give the requisite
tightness to the wringing. The revolving hook is coupled to a pinion which is
driven by an internal toothed wheel, and having given the required revolutions the
pinion gears in a segment, which reverses the motion of the pinion, and thereby
also the hook, whereby the yarn is slackened. The pinion then runs out of the
toothed gear, thereby causing a dwell" of the hook, or, in other words, allows the
pinion and hook to cease revolving, which gives time to take off the wrung yarn
and to place another hank on the hooks; the pinion then again gears into the
toothed wheel, and wrings the hank again as before. Instead of the internal
toothed wheel a right and left hand screw may be used, which may be driven by
worm and worm-wheel or other gearing to give a rotative motion.
"
AN IMPROVED SADDLE- GIRTH
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emile Noirit at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th January 1881.
EMILE NOIRIT, of Walsall, in the County of Stafford. "AN IMPROVED SADDLE-
GIRTH."
My Invention relates to an improved saddle-girth formed chiefly of parallel
longitudinal strips of textile material held together at several parts by transverse
pieces of leather through which the textile strips pass.
Heretofore in saddle-girths formed with separate strips, cord or plaited leather
has been employed, and although girths made with such material in strips are
superior to the ordinary flat bands, they possess some disadvantages which my
Invention is designed to obviate.
In carrying this Invention into practice I provide flat strips of woven flax, hemp,
jute, cotton, or of any similar woven material (preference being given to flax or
hemp) the width of which strips may be about half an inch more or less. There
may be six, eight, or any suitable number of such strips, according to the width of
girth which it is desired to make, and the said strips are arranged side by side
longitudinally a space of about one eighth of an inch being left between each two
thereof. Each strip passes through a separate aperture in a narrow piece of leather
in which as many of such apertures are provided as there are strips of woven
material, and the said apertures are so arranged that the strips will be held at the
requisite distance apart; I may employ any number of such transverse pieces of
leather but find in practice that ordinarily four of the same arranged at equal
distances apart will be sufficient. The apertures in the transverse pieces of leather
are so made that each strip passes through two slits in each piece, and therefore
whilst the leather projects so as to form two ridges on one side of the strips it is
almost flat on the reverse side thereof, this side being the one designed to be next
to the horse's body. The strips so united are at each of the two extremities thereof
brought together or caused to converge in two equal portions, and in each of the
four portions thus provided the strips forming the same are placed closely together
at their ends and are secured by a piece of leather which is bent over at the front
and extends a short distance along both sides of the strips so as to enclose the latter
to which it is sewn, a buckle being held by the leather. It will thus be apparent
that each extremity of the girth so made is provided with two free ends, each of
n

page_text: which is furnished with a buckle, so that the girth may be secured to the saddle in
the ordinary manner.
A girth constructed as above described possesses all the advantages of girths
heretofore made in separate pieces without having their disadvantages. It is very
strong and durable, has a comparatively smooth and even surface, being therefore
exceedingly comfortable for the horse, and has no tendency to slip forward or
backward.
AN IMPROVED COMPOUND FOR OBLITERATING SMALL-POX MARKS OR PITS AND SCARS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elizabeth Marriott at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th February 1881.
ELIZABETH MARRIOTT, of Hornsey, in the County of Middlesex.
"AN IMPROVED
COMPOUND FOR OBLITERATING SMALL-POX MARKS OR PITS AND SCARS."
My Invention relates to a compound for removing or obliterating pits, marks,
and scars, left in the skin by small pox and other cutaneous eruptions, disease, or
accident.
The ingredients of the compound are pumice stone, elder flower, glycerine, white
soap, and fatty matter.
In preparing the compound I take, say, 3 oz. of elder flowers, dry, and grind to
powder, 2 oz. of pumice stone, also finely ground, 3 oz. of glycerine, 2 oz. of fatty
matter, and 2 oz. of the finest white soap. The soap and other fatty substance
used are liquefied by gentle heat, and the whole of the ingredients are thoroughly
incorporated by stirring. While hot the mixture may be poured into pots or
moulds.
The compound is used by rubbing into the skin.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SHARPENING THE TEETH OF CARD RIBBON
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Charles Henderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th July 1881. A com-
munication from abroad by the Firm of Messieurs A. Rousseau and Sons, of
Reims, in the Republic of France.
ARTHUR CILARLES HENDERSON, of G, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SHARPENING THE
TEETH OF CARD RIBBON." A communication from abroad by the Firm of
Messieurs A. Rousseau and Sons, of Reims, in the Republic of France.
The machine forming the subject of the present Invention is intended especially
for manufacturers of cards for sharpening the points of the teeth of cards by giving
a sloping edge to the tempered or ordinary steel wire of which they are formed.
The machine differs from those in ordinary use by its small size and light
weight, by its more rapid performances and greater perfection of work, and it does
not distress the teeth, which only receive a dozen oscillations to be completely
sharpened, whilst by other means as many as 60,000 oscillations are required for
perfectly sharpening the teeth.
The machine consists of a drum, on which the card ribbon winds in leaving a
pot or can; round this drum three grind stones are mounted.
The drum is of the same diameter as that of medium sized card drums, and
it delivers the sharpened card ribbon to a drawing mechanism comprising, 1st, a
large pulley that the ribbon winds round, the teeth being in contact with the felly
of the pulley; 2nd, of a train of wheels and an endless screw, the speed of which
may be regulated as desired.
In leaving the pulley the ribbon passes over a roller of polygonal section, the
object of which is to sink the teeth in the ribbon, and which delivers it with the
teeth sharpened to a winder with differential and frictional motion, with a roller
for regulating the winding. The movements of the winder are automatic, so as to
superpose the spirals as fast as the motion of the sharpener delivers the card ribbon
perfectly sharpened.
In addition to the rotary motion two of the grindstones are also gifted with a
rectilinear alternative movement of translation, which leads them from one edge

page_text: of the card ribbon to the other, one going to the right whilst the other goes to the
left, and inversely. For this purpose on a shaft in the vicinity of the grindstones
a cam is fixed, the bosses of which cause the oscillation of a lever with roller
forming a crank at the end of an inclined axis, and the latter by a balance
transmits to the grindstones the requisite backward and forward movement
without interfering with the rotary motion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE PRINTING OF PLACARDS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Brierley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th July 1881. A communication from
abroad by Philipp Dhonan, of Dresden, Saxony.
WALTER BRIERLEY, of Halifax and Blackburn, Counties of York and Lancaster,
Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE PRINTING OF
PLACARDS." A communication from abroad by Philipp Dhonan, of Dresden,
Saxony.
This Invention relates to improvements in the apparatus employed in the process
of printing placards by means of sheet-copper stencils, which may be joined and
form words and sentences in the manner of the printing-types, and the objects of
my improvements are, first, to put together the stencils of the single characters in a
particular apparatus; and, second, to employ in the place of the usual pencil an'
elastic inked roller.
I attain these objects by the mechanism as follows,-
The paper to be printed is laid on the board, which is provided with four pins;
bars enter in rebates of the said board, and are hinged to other and larger bars.
The sheet-copper stencils are squeezed by screws between the two sets of bars.
The larger ones are guided by the pins, and the smaller bars are held down by
springs which are attached to standards.
The chase formed by the bars with the stencils may be raised after the paper is
printed, by levers provided with notches; the springs press down again the whole
of the bars and the stencils against the paper, and the following sheet of paper
may be printed.
The paper is printed by passing an inked elastic roller over the stencils in such
manner that the printing ink colours only the uncovered parts of the paper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING PAPER AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cowper Pellatt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th January 1881.
WILLIAM COWPER PELLATT, of No. 35, Cloth Fair, West Smithfield, in the City
of London, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING PAPER AND
OTHER FABRICS."
The Invention has particular reference to means for effecting the pressure exerted
upon the platten by. which the paper or other fabric to be cut is held during the
cutting operation.
I obtain this pressure to the platten by means of a powerful spring or springs
acted upon by a spring of levers arranged so as to effect the desired pressure and
with the exercise of the force required, and which force is capable of adjustment to
the circumstances required.
By these means greatly increased facility is afforded in the use of such
apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS FOR DOGS COLLARS, MONEY-BAGS, GLOVES AND OTHER OBJECTS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cender Zender at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd December 1881.
CENDER ZENDER, Manufacturer of Rug Straps, of 20 Brandenburg Str Berlin
Prussia. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS FOR DOGS COLLARS, MONEY-BAGS, GLOVES AND
OTHER OBJECTS."
My improved lock can be employed in lieu of buckles for all kinde of leather
straps, as dogs collars, shoe ties, garters, rug straps, purses, gloves etc.
The principal advantage of the new lock cousists in the easy manner in which
to open or close it, which makes it especially appropriate for the collars of hounds
harriers and all kinds of sporting dogs. One pull at a secondary sptring opens
the lock, the collar falls from the neck of the dog, who is instantly free to follow
the game.
The lock is formed of two parts of sheet metal, rivetted upon the ends of the
collar or leather strap to be united. One of these metal parts has its edges bent
up so as to form a sheath for the second metal part or tongue on the other end of
the strap. The upturned edges are provided with a series of holes wherein two
catches engages turning on studs rivetted upon the tongue piece. A spring presses
the catches outwards which can be made slanting towards their fulcrum, so that
the closing of the lock can be done without obstruction, while for the purpose of
opening the catches must be turned against their spring in order to get clear of the
holes in the sheath.
For this purpose I employ two double armed levers crossing each other and
having a common fulcrum in about the middle of their length, somewhat like an
open pair of scissors. Two ends of these levers are connected to the catches in any
convenient manner, and the other ends are united by a short and loose string. In
the middle of this string I tie another string, which on a dog collar may be led
through the ring of the collar, along the guide rope to the hand of the hunter.
is obvious that on pulling this string the ends of the crossing levers approach, and
lead the catches towards each other, so that they leave the holes, wherein they are
engaged whereupon the tongue piece slips out and the lock is opened.
It
Instead of using the crossed levers I can employ a triangle bent of strong wire,
having a ring for the pull string at its base and grasping with the slanting sides
Price 2d1

page_text: over the upturned ends of the catches, thereby bringing them together when the
lock will be opened.
In order to protect the mechanism against damage I cover it by a metal cover
plate provided, with slots through which the upturned ends of the catches can pass.
For purses garters gloves etc., these upturned ends carry outside the cover plate
little knobs which are seized with the fingers, to open the lock, and the crossed
levers or wire triangle is dispensed with.
MOUNTINGS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES WITH ICE-SPUR."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ludwig Bensel at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th February 1881.
LUDWIG BENSEL, of Iserlohn, in the German Empire.
MOUNTINGS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES WITH ICE-SPUR."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
According to my present Invention, mountings for the heels of boots and shoes
provided with ice spurs are constructed as follows:-The metal mounting of the
shape of the heel is secured thereto, either by screws or by clamps, and carries a
plate capable of turning on pivots near the forward part of the heel, which plate
has one or more ice spurs, so arranged that when the plate is turned into one
position it bears with its edge upon the plate of the mounting, while the ice spur
or spurs project downwards beneath the heel, so as to give the wearer a firm hold on
the ice or snow. When the plate is turned through an angle of 180°, the spur or
spurs thereof project upwards just in front of the inner edge of the heel, so as to be
quite out of the way, enabling the wearer to walk upon ordinary floors or pavement.
When turned in the first named position the spur-plate fits closely against the plate.
of the mounting which covers the back part of the heel, thus preventing any ice,
snow, or dirt from getting between the parts and clogging them.
The spur-plate is held securely in either position, either by means of a flat spring
carried by the mounting, operating in a similar manner to a knife-blade spring, or
the mounting may be provided with a slide, which is drawn out when it is desired
to turn the plate, and is then pushed in so as to bear against a tail on the spur-plate
and thus prevent it from turning.
The turning of the spur-plate may be effected by the hand or foot, and for
convenience of turning the one pivot may have a projecting button by which to
turn it, or it may have a square head so as to be turned by a separate key.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO DOORS AND WINDOWS FOR EXCLUDING DRAFTS, DUST, AND RAIN
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Benson and Timothy
Wainwright at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th
October 1881.
JAMES BENSON, of Southport, in the County of Lancaster, Joiner, and TIMOTHY
WAINWRIGHT, of the same Town, Plumber. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
APPLICABLE TO DOORS AND WINDOWS FOR EXCLUDING DRAFTS, DUST, AND
RAIN."
The object is to provide apparatus commonly called draft preventors, simple in
construction, and applicable to any door or window on either the inside or outside,
whether the said door or window opens to the right or the left. Hitherto such
appliances have only been applicable to one side of doors, and the same apparatus
was not suitable for both right and left handed doors or windows.
In carrying our Invention into practice a board or plinth is constructed or made
with a recess or groove into which a lath or sliding piece is fitted. The said lath
or sliding piece is attached to the board or plinth and held in position by a spring
or springs or by guides. A lever, cam, wedge, or like device is connected to the
board or plinth, so as when moved to cause the lath or sliding piece to project from
the surface of the board or plinth. When the lever or other suitable device is
unacted on, the spring or springs draw the lath or sliding piece into the recess or
groove. A wood or metal rod is so arranged within the recess or groove or in a
subsidiary recess or groove as to rest on or be attached to one end of the lever or
like device. The other end of the said rod projects beyond the end of the board or
plinth. The said rod is arranged to project at either end of the board or plinth,
and more than one lever or suitable actuating device may be used. The spring or
springs may be made to act on the levers or as otherwise desired.
In use, the board or plinth is secured to the door or window at the portion where
it is intended to exclude the draft, dust, or rain, and the rod is placed so as to
touch the jamb of the door or the window frame before the door or window is
closed, or a screw plate or resistance piece is secured in a suitable position to arrest

page_text: the motion of the rod. Further motion of the door or window in closing causes
the board or plinth with its lever or device and lath to be carried forward whilst
the rod is stationary. The end of the stationary rod resting on or attached to the
lever or device moving with the door or window causes the said lever or device to
act on the lath or sliding piece, and project out of its recess or groove until any
space through which draft, dust, or rain might pass is closed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CRICKET BATS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George William Frowd, of the Firm of Lillywhite and
Frowd, of Newington Causeway, in the County of Surrey, for an Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CRICKET BATS.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George William Frowd at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th August 1881.
GEORGE WILLIAM FROWD, of the Firm of Lilly white and Frowd, of Newington
Causeway, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
CRICKET BATS."
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of the handles of
cricket bats in order to impart additional flexibility and elasticity thereto, the
weight of the bat being also reduced.
Heretofore the handles of cricket bats have been made up from a series of pieces
of cane, wood, and whalebone, or a combination of either or all of these materials
united and combined together, and secured to the blade of the bat.
Now I have found that by introducing and combining a strip or strips or cork
with the pieces of cane or other materials used in making up the handle of a
cricket bat, that a considerable amount of elasticity is imparted thereto with less
weight of material, consequently lessening the weight of the bat and also the jar
to the hand of the player, and rendering the bat more durable by reducing the
amount of concussion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE SHOES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of Kensington, Middlesex, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE SHOES." A communication from
abroad by Jolin Douglass Billings, of New York, United States.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Herbert John Haddan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th November 1881.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE
SHOES." A communication from abroad by John Douglass Billings, of New York,
United States.
This Invention relates to a horseshoe having a continuous calk extending from
heel to heel. The object of this Invention is to furnish a horseshoe with a
continuous calk which will wear evenly over its entire face. To this end the
continuous calk is made of varying width, being widest at the toe and tapered
thence to the heels, whereby it is adapted to sustain the varying friction incident
to the different parts of the shoe. Figure 1 of the Drawing is a perspective view
of a portion of a horseshoe bar adapted to form a shoe of this character; Figure 2
is a transverse section through the center of the bar; Figure 3 is a perspective
view of the completed shoe showing a portion of one side broken off; Figure 4 is a
view of the bottom side of the shoe.
The bar of proper length and size is rolled from bar iron or steel in the form
approximately of the letter L inverted, the body A being provided on one side with
a grooved flange R, and beveled and tapered on the opposite side. When bent into
a shoe the body A becomes a continuous calk extending around the shoe from heel
to heel, the beveled side forming the inner edge, and the flanged side the outer
edge of the shoe. The upper face B is of uniform width and level, forming a
smooth foundation for the crust and sole of the hoof. The flange and inner edge
may however be trimmed off somewhat at the heels, as shown at f. The clip c is
swaged up at the front of the shoe. The groove in the flange R serves as the
fullering, and is of such form and depth as to prevent the heads of the nails from
becoming loose by the concussions of the shoe against the pavement. The bevel of
the inner edge prevents the accumulation of snow and ice. The lower face or calk

page_text: is about half an inch broad at the toe, and about a quarter of an inch broad at the
heels, being tapered, as shown at a from points about one inch and a half distant
from the center on either side to the heels. These dimensions may vary as the
quality of the material or size of the shoe may require. By this construction the
quantity of material is so apportioned to the friction as to equalize the wear
and prevent the shoe from becoming uneven, thus increasing the durability of the
shoe without increasing its weight.
H. J. HADDAN. (L.S.)
2
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOTTLES AND IN APPARATUS FOR STOPPERING THE SAME
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Samuel Stokes Darby at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th May 1881.
FREDERICK SAMUEL STOKES DARBY, of High Street, Wandsworth, in the County
of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOTTLES AND IN APPARATUS
FOR STOPPERING THE SAME."
This Invention consists in improvements in the construction of bottles and in
apparatus for stoppering the same, by means of which the bottles can be closed in
a secure and air-tight manner without the necessity of employing india rubber,
whilst at the same time the arrangement is extremely simple and no presser or
other contrivance is required to open the bottles.
In the interior of the neck of the bottle is cast or otherwise formed a female
screw for the reception of a screw thread formed on that portion of the stopper
which enters the bottle. The lower part of the head of the stopper is provided
with a shoulder. A washer or ring of cork or other suitable substance is placed
on the stopper, so that when the latter is screwed into the neck of the bottle, the
said washer will be compressed between the said shoulder and the mouth of the
bottle. The stopper is, by preference, formed of box, ash, lance, or other hard
wood.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF RECEPTACLES FOR WATCHES, COINS, MEDALS, AND OTHER ARTICLES IN JEWELLERY CASES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hughes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th September 1881.
THOMAS HUGHES, of Regent Place, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Jewellery Case Manufacturer. "A NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF
RECEPTACLES FOR WATCHES, COINS, MEDALS, AND OTHER ARTICLES IN JEWELLERY
CASES."
The object of this Invention, which relates to improvements in or connected with
the manufacture of receptacles or cases for watches, coins, medals, and other similar
articles of jewellery, or of utility or ornament, is to simplify the manufacture of
such receptacles or cases and to enable them to securely hold watches or other
articles of different diameters or sizes.
Hitherto such cases have been made capable of receiving only one watch and
not a series of different sizes; they were therefore very limited in their use, and
the special purpose of utility of the present Invention is to avoid this and to render
them more generally useful.
And as hitherto made a strap of metal has been cut out with shears; this gives
an irregular or imperfect shape which requires the rough edges to be filed off to
ensure its regularity to form the ring intended for the centre or well of a watch or
jewellery case.
But according to the present Invention I stamp out a blank from a ribbon or
plate of thin steel or other elastic metal or suitable substance, by means of a bed
or die and a tool plunger, and I subsequently draw the two ends together or bend
it into the form of a ring, its two ends about meeting; I turn a small flange about
the top of the ring. In this form the ring is elastic and when covered with silk as
is usual it is fixed centrally in the case or receptacle, and watches or other articles
of different sizes can be placed therein and securely held.
By the above improved method of procedure, the spring ring can be made better
and in about half the time which is required in making the present rings.
A WORT FILTER FOR MASH TUNS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Gordon Cave at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th October 1881.
GEORGE GORDON CAVE, of Castle Green, in the City and County of Bristol,
Brewer. "A WORT FILTER FOR MASH TUNS."
This Invention, which consists of a wort filter for mash tuns, has for its object
to prevent sediment or floculent matter from passing from the mash tun into the
wort copper.
The filter is constructed of a cylinder or other suitably shaped vessel, of copper,
tin, or other metal, having an inlet pipe in the bottom through which is conveyed
the fluid requiring to be filtered. Attached to the upper end of this pipe, and
within the cylinder or other suitably shaped vessel, is a perforated chamber for the
reception of the filtering medium. The filtering medium by preference used is
hops, but other filtering media may be used. The fluid after passing upwards
through the filtering medium, flows through an outlet pipe at the top or side
of the cylinder or other suitably shaped vessel, and is then conveyed into the wort
copper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AXLE BOXES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Georgo Edward Vaughan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th May 1881. A communication
from abroad by Henri Cristin, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
GEORGE EDWARD VAUGHAN, of 67, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AXLE BOXES." A communication from
abroad by Henri Cristin, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of axle boxes, applicable
to vehicles and revolving machinery of all descriptions.
In the accompanying Drawing which represents an application of the Invention
to an ordinary carriage, a is the stationary axle; b, the axle box provided with two
lugs c, c, by which it is keyed into the nave of the wheel; d represents one of a
series of cylinders, the diameter of which varies according to circumstances, and
which are terminated by pivots o, and so arranged as to prevent their contact with
each other. The extremities of these pivots o pass freely into the rectangular notches
of the metallic rings f, f'. The pivots being inserted in these notches, the rings f,ƒ³,
are connected by means of the rods e secured on the outside by double nuts. The
cut away portion k of the ends of the cylinders should be of greater width than
that of the cavities formed in the rings ff, so as to prevent them from passing
into the latter in case of accident. The inner opening of the rings f, f, is of larger
diameter than that of the axle a, and the spacing is so arranged as to prevent friction
between these rings and the inner surfaces of the box. The dimensions of the.
rectangular notches or cavities are so arranged as to give free play to the pivots
while preventing contact between the cylinders. 9, g, represent thick leather
washers designed to check the jerks and lateral oscillations to which ordinary
vehicles are exposed. These washers g, g, are preferably composed of two layers of
leather so combined as to form rectangular cavities or notches as in v, receiving the
heads of the nuts e by which they are carried almost without friction round the
axle a.
In case of accidental jerk, the ends of the pivots o are brought momentarily
into contact with the projecting portions v, and are thereby thrown back to their
normal position. At all other times, the washers g, g, are carried freely round by
the nuts. The inner or notched portion of these washers may be covered over by
a flat ring of steel secured in any suitable manner. The number and dimensions
of the cylinders or rollers d, as also the general construction and arrangement of
the apparatuª, are varied according to the purposes to which the Invention is to be
applied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROWLOCKS FOR SHIPS AND OTHER BOATS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Searle Hazeland at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th January 1881.
SAMUEL SEARLE HAZELAND, of St. Sampson's, in the County of Cornwall,
Venetian Blind Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROWLOCKS FOR SHIPS AND
OTHER BOATS."
The object of this Invention is to provide means whereby the propulsion of ships
and other boats by oars which do not require to be "feathered" may be greatly
facilitated.
It is well known that the strain on the wrists of the rowers in order to keep the
oars in the exact position in the rowlocks to ensure good work is very great, owing
to the effort necessary, firstly, to prevent the oars from sliding in the rowlocks in
or out board, and, secondly, to prevent their twisting or turning in the hand on the
return motion, thereby allowing the oar to enter the water at an angle other than
a right angle, and thus losing the best portion of the stroke.
The noise of the oars striking against the sides of the rowlocks or against the
thole pins is also in some cases (as, for instance, when making a night attack) a
source of considerable inconvenience, and the loss or breaking of thole pins is often
the cause of serious delays at a time when every minute is of importance.
In order to overcome these difficulties and inconveniences, I dispense with thole
pins, and use instead what are known as "crutch rowlocks," which rowlocks I
combine with the oar in such a manner that the proper position of the oar in the
rowlock shall always be maintained, and the verticality of the blade be ensured
without interfering in any way with the working of the oar.
To this end I form a hole through the waist of the oar at the point where the oar
should rest in the rowlock and at right angles to the blade of the oar, and in this
hole I insert a tube of some suitable metal or other material. The tips of the
rowlock I pierce to correspond to the bore of the tube, and I insert through the
rowlock and the oar a metal pin, which may be secured in any convenient manner.
The rowlock will thus be always connected with the oar and will be shipped and
unshipped with it.
Or a band of metal provided with trunnions may be secured to the oar in any
convenient manner, the trunnions having their bearings in the rowlock.

page_text: By the means above described the motions of the oar are fully governed and a
double swivel is obtained, an axial motion taking place in a horizontal direction on
the pin of the rowlock, and in a vertical direction on the cross pin.
Although this form of rowlock is especially intended for sea going boats, it will
be evident that it may be equally applied to lake and river boats of the larger 5
kind, such as ferry boats or waterman's boats, in which the motion of "feathering
the oar is considered unnecessary.
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SORTING AND LOADING COAL
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hancock at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th August 1881.
THOMAS HANCOCK, of Rugeley, in the County of Stafford. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR SORTING AND LOADING COAL,"
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for sorting and loading coal,
whereby I effect a saving of labour and wear and tear of plant.
In carrying out my Invention I employ an endless platform or band constructed
to move along the centre of a stage erected across the sidings or rails at a sufficient
height to allow railway waggons to be placed underneath, the top of the band
being a convenient height above the floor of the stage so that the sorters stationed
along each side of it can readily see and reach the coal, placing it in suitable shoots
in the floor of the stage which conduct it into the waggons or trucks.
The platform or band is constructed of planks of suitable length, width, and
thickness, either with bevilled edges or plain, in which latter case I employ iron
facing on each plank to overlap the plank in front of it; the planks are secured to a
pair of endless ropes or chains to form the band, such ropes or chains passing
round two pairs of wheels; at the ends of each plank is a small wheel which runs
on iron rails fixed to framework to bear the weight of the band to prevent
swagging or undue strain on these wheels. The band is worked by a chain or
rope from an engine passing round a wheel which will work one way only, so that
when the engine is reversed the band will remain stationary. The axle boxes are
placed in grooves and are worked by screws, so that should the band get loose on
its wheels it can be tightened.
The tubs on coming from the pits are emptied down a screen, which clears it of
"small;" the coal that passes onto the band being freed of all "small," the sorters
have a good chance of seeing the qualities, the only manual labour required being
to take the coal off the band and place it in the shoots in the floor, three qualities
being made without (two on the screen, and one at the end of the band) the
number of men required would be small.
The tubs being emptied immediately upon coming to the surface and being
returned at once would lessen the number required. There would be less shunting
required as the waggons to be loaded would be placed at the back of the stage on
separate rails for each quality, and as each one is loaded another is taken in, it
being necessary to move only the full one and the one to take its place.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR SETTING SAWS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William James Marks and Tom
Pritchard at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th February
1881.
WILLIAM JAMES MARKS, of Kennington Park, in the County of Surrey, and
TOM PRITCHARD, of Notting Hill, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINES FOR SETTING SAWS."
The object of this Invention is to provide a simple but effective machine for
setting saws, and such that is capable of being sold at a low price, so as to bring it
within the reach of every joiner and carpenter.
We provide a frame to carry pegs or punches, the number thereof much
depending upon the different sizes of the saw teeth to be operated on. These
punches are arranged vertically in their frame, and are free to rise and fall therein,
their position in the frame being regulated by C or other shaped springs or their
equivalents, which latter are adjustable by slots or equivalent ineans. The frame
carrying the punches rests on and is secured to or is in a piece with a bed plate,
which may be made of wood or other suitable material.
Upon the bed plate there is an anvil or face plate-carrier, to which a face plate
or anvil below the punches is secured. The edge of the saw to be set is placed
on this anvil or face plate, and the punch is struck by a hammer. In order to
regulate the bevil or breadth of cut we provide in the bed plate grooves, preferably
dove-tailed, in which we have rests free to slide therein. The grooves in the bed
plate are for the reception of rests varying in height in order that if a deep set is,
for example, required, a shallow rest is employed to increase the angle between it
and the anvil.
The rests being free to slide from end to end of the bed plate their position can
be regulated according to that portion of the saw blade requiring to be set, and in
this way the teeth.of the saw may be set close up to the handle when such is fitted
to the blade.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES AND SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles George Elers and Thomas
Rowan at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th April
1881.
CHARLES GEORGE ELERS, of Dacre Street, in the City of Westminster, Aërated
Water Manufacturer, and THOMAS ROWAN, of Ryde, Isle of Wight, Gentleman.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES AND SIMILAR
ARTICLES."
This Invention relates to improvements in stoppering that class of bottles and
like articles in which the stopper consists of a cap having an internal ledge fitting
under suitable projections on the exterior of the bottle neck.
Hitherto such method of stoppering bottles, particularly those of small size such
as are used for beer and like liquors, has not been adopted because the form of cap
employed has been difficult and expensive to make.
By our improvements these defects are obviated, and the stopper or cap is so
constructed as to allow of it being easily moulded and better adapted for being
expeditiously placed on and removed from the bottle.
In carrying out our improvements the exterior of the neck of the bottle is
formed with a number of the usual wedge shaped projections (preferably two) but
instead of forming the cap with a number of vertical slots as hitherto, we dispense
with these slots and form the cap with legs with an internal rim or flange, the
spaces between the legs allowing of the cap being passed over the projections on the
bottle; and this construction also allows of the cap being moulded of any suitable
Another advantage of so
plastic material in a simple and expeditious manner.
constructing the cap is that the spaces between the legs indicate at a glance the
proper position at which to place the cap on the bottle, and gives a good purchase
for screwing it on or removing it from its position on the bottle.
The interior of the top of the cap is formed with a boss or plug for receiving a
suitable ring or packing of india rubber or like material.
To attach the stopper or cap to the bottle we may employ a loose ring on the
neck of the bottle provided. with one or more swivelled arms or attachments the
other end or ends of which is or are connected to the stopper or cap.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR present residing in Huddersfield aforesaid. WEAVING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Whiteley and Frederick
Orlando Tucker at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th
February 1881.
WILLIAM WHITELEY, of Lockwood, near Huddersfield, in the County of York,
and FREDERICK ORLANDO TUCKER, of Hartford, United States of America, but at
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
present residing in Huddersfield aforesaid.
WEAVING."
According to the present construction of shuttle boxes in looms for weaving,
springs and levers are employed for holding the shuttle firmly in its place when it
has been sent across the loom, so as to prevent its rebounding. The object of our
Invention is to remove the pressure of the holding mechanism just before the
picker strikes the shuttle, by which means the power required to remove the
shuttle from its grip and to drive it across the loom is materially lessened. Our
improvements consist in the employment of a hinged finger attached to the stop
rod, so arranged that when the slay board is moving from the breast beam the
hinged finger or a friction pulley at the bottom thereof comes into contact with a
projection on the loom frame, and the stop rod is partially turned round thereby,
by which means the pressure of the upright finger acting on the holding levers at
the back of the shuttle boxes is removed, and for a moment the shuttle is relieved,
when the picker is immediately brought into action and the shuttle removed from
the box and sent across the loom, by which time the hinged finger will have left the
projection and the upright finger will be again pressing on the holding mechanism
ready to receive the shuttle when it arrives at the opposite box.
By this arrangement of mechanism the shuttle is free when it leaves the box,
but is gripped when it arrives to prevent rebounding,