IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOES FOR Ha AATIMA
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Josiah Swain, of Oldham, in the County of
Lancaster, and William Chamberlain, of Miles Platting, in the
same County, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOES FOR
Ha
AAT "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Josiah Swain and
William Chamberlain at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 10th December 1875.
We, JOSIAH SWAIN, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, and
WILLIAM CHAMBERLAIN, of Miles Platting, in the same County, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SHOES FOR HORSES, ASSES, AND OTHER ANIMALS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to the shoes employed to protect the hoofs of
horses, asses, and other animals. When carrying our said Invention
into effect we form the said: shoes of wrought iron, malleable cast iron,

page_text: steel, brass, or other suitable metal by forging, stamping, pressing, or
casting, according to the nature of the metal employed, and we form
cells in the faces of the shoes and recesses to receive the nail heads, the
ridges between the said cells affording protection to the nails, and we
form the said shoes either with or without protecting plates or webs
extending across the shoes.
We prefer to form the shoe so that the said ridges or the walls of the
cells bear equally upon the ground in order to prevent canting or
straining of the hoof. The said ridges tend to prevent the shoe from
slipping upon ice or on slippery roads or surfaces.
In some cases or when the shoes are not, required to be rough or
sharp, or when an increase of surface is required, we fill the said cells
with wood, cement, sulphur, lead, or other suitable substance or
material.
1
When wood is used we prefer to apply it with the direction of the 1
grain at right angles to the face of the shoe. The pieces of wood may
be compressed before being driven or inserted into or in the cells. The
wood may project to some extent out of the cells, so that the bearing
surface may be formed by the pieces of wood, the noise and concussion
when the ground is struck being thereby lessened and the durability of 2
the shoe increased.
Other substances or materials employed to fill the cells may also be
caused to project beyond the walls of the cells.
When the shoes are required to be rough or sharp the filling substance
or material may be withdrawn, or spikes, studs, or nails may be driven 2
or fixed in or in to the said wood substance or material.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Josiah Swain and William Chamberlain in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th June 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOSгAH 3
SWAIN, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, and WILLIAM CHAMBER.
LAIN, of Miles Platting, in the same County, send greeting.

page_text: suitable. When the shoes are to be used in frosty weather. we prefer
not to fill the said cells.
The size and shape of the shoes in all the examples will vary
according to the description of animal and to other circumstances.
Figs. 3 and 4 illustrate a modification in the form and arrangement of
the cells. In this example recesses are formed at f, f, at the outer edge
of the shoc, and the nail holes are formed in these recesses, the ribs or
walls of the cells protecting the heads of the nails to a great extent.
In this example the cells are represented as being filled with blocks of
wood g, g, but the shoe may be used without this filling, or other
material or substance may be employed to fill the said cells. The shoe
is represented as being cast or formed with a protecting web or plate h,
which extends across the shoe, but this web may be dispensed with if not
considered to be necessary or desirable.
Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate a further modification adapted more par-
ticularly to be used without any filling material in the cells. In this
example the bearing surface of the shoes is constituted by the cross
ribs b, b, and portions of the side ribs a, a, other portions of the said
side ribs being absent. The outer ends of the cross ribs are strengthened
by means of gussets i, i. The inner side rib a is cut away at k, k, for
only a part of its depth, the portion left stiffening the shoe and
strengthening the said cross ribs. The disposition of the nail holes and
the number and disposition of the cross ribs may be varied according to
the size of the shoe, or as may be considered to be most suitable in each
case.
Having now fully set forth and indicated the nature of our said
Invention and the manner in which the same may be carried into effect,
we would remark in conclusion that we claim with respect to shoes
adapted to the uses herein indicated,—
First. The celluar formation of shoes, substantially as and for the
purposes herein-before set forth.
Secondly. Forming shoes with cells or recesses and filling the same
with wood or other substance or material, substantially as and for the
purpose herein-before set forth and indicated.

page_text: And, lastly, the shoes formed substantially as set forth and indicated.
herein-before and in the accompanying Drawings.
. In witness whereof, we, the said Josiah Swain and William
Chamberlain, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Sixth
day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-six.
Signed and sealed by the
said Josiah Swain and
William Chamberlain in
the presence of
EDWARD K. DUTTON,
JOSIAH SWAIN.
(L.S.)
WILLIAM CHAMBERLAIN. (L.S.)
Agent to the Patentees,
3, Princess Street,
Manchester,