Improvements in or relating to Blast Apparatus for Locomotive and other Steam Generators.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Apr., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 16th Jan., 1899-Accepted, 14th Apr., 1899
Improvements in or relating to Blast Apparatus for Locomotive and
other Steam Generators.
I, CHARLES SCHLEYDER, of Zditz, in the Empire of Austria, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
At present the increased draught in locomotive and other engines is obtained
by means of blast pipes of various forms (valve, cone etc.) whereby, although
combustion is increased, the engine and the furnace are injuriously affected.
One of the chief drawbacks is the reduction of the efficiency of the engine owing
to the counter pressure on the piston, the engine works heavily, the motion of
the parts is impeded and besides a great amount of fuel and water is consumed
and a great number of sparks generated.
All these drawbacks are obviated by the hereinafter described steam ejector, as
it completely does away with the blast devices at present in use.
This ejector will be of different shapes according to the size of the smoke box
and is secured to the cross tube of the exhaust tube by means of bolts or in any
other suitable manner.
The ejector may be made of cast iron sheet copper etc. in such manner that either
the jacket or the cover are provided with numerous openings or passages. When
the arrangement is in the form of a truncated cone, it is advisable to make the
perforations or passages of such shape that they have sharp edges and the holes are
somewhat conical or of a nozzle shape. The openings of the cover are also nozzle
shaped. The number and area of the openings must be such that their area
corresponds substantially to the area of the open blast or exhaust device.
Preferably the ejector will have the shape of a cone the upper part of which may
be either solid or perforated. In the latter case a nozzle shaped funnel is interposed
between it and outlet of a 3-way cock attached to the exhaust pipe and to a pipe
going direct to the boiler, so that by moving the plug of the cock it may be
connected either with the exhaust steam or directly with the steam from the boiler.
In the latter case the boiler steam is blown out through the holes in the cover in
order to assist the draught in the chimney, while the exhaust steam is forced out
through the holes of the jacket or casing.
As the area of the openings of the ejector is generally, equal to the area of
the exhaust pipe when fully open, there can be in this construction no throttling
of the steam, so that the locomotive works with hardly any counter pressure on the
piston, therefore the whole steam pressure is utilised and the effective power of the
engine is found to be increased considerably.
The steam generator is in this case very efficient; this will be clear from the
fact, that the steam coming out in the form of several jets (from the various
openings of the ejector) produces a much better suction in the smoke box or in the
fire-tubes, than is the case with the present devices, so that the steam pressure
always attains the pressure allowed by law while the additional feeding of water
(even when the lever is pushed right forward and the regulating device is quite
open) can always take place after each increase of draught, so that when this
device is used there can be no lack of steam or water if the slightest care is taken,
whereas at the same time the power of the engines is greatly increased say to an

page_text: -
extent of 30 %: The amount of sparks and the production of smoke are also
considerably reduced, as the steam coming out in the shape of several jets produces
a uniform air-draught corresponding to the degree of expansion with which the
locomotive works.
By means of this device the following improved effects are attained.
1) A uniform air draught corresponding to the degree of expansion with which
the engine works.
2) A very efficient generation of steam.
3) A much smaller production of sparks.
4) About 5% saving in fuel, while at the same time cheaper kinds of coal
can be used.
5) Small production of smoke.
6) An increase of the power of traction of the locomotive by about 30 %.
Improvements in or relating to Blast Apparatus for Locomotive and
other Steam Generators.
I, CHARLES SCHLEYDER, Engineer, of Zditz, Bohemia, Austria, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:—
1
At present the increased draught in locomotives and other engines is obtained
by means of blast pipes of various forms (valve, cone etc.) whereby, although
combustion is increased, the engine and the furnace are injuriously affected.
One of the chief drawbacks is the reduction of the efficiency of the engine owing
to the counter pressure on the piston, the engine works heavily, the motion of
the parts is impeded and besides a great amount of fuel and water is consumed and
a great number of sparks generated.
All these drawbacks are obviated by the hereinafter described steam ejector, as
it completely does away with the blast devices at present in use.
These ejectors will be of different shapes according to the size of the smoke
boxes, and will be secured to the cross-tubes of the exhaust tubes, by means of
bolts or in any other suitable manner.
Figs. 1, 2, 3 & 4 represent one form, A, of the device in two sections and
corresponding plan views, and Figs. 5, 6 and 7 another form B in section, front-
view and plan. Fig. 2 being a section on line - Fig. 3, Fig. 3 a plan of Fig. 1
and Fig. 4 a section on line of Fig. 2.
This steam ejector is preferably constructed in one of the two principal
forms A, B illustrated. Both forms are alike as regards their principle of working
and differ only in the manner of their construction. In the form A the case or
substance of the cone is simply cut open or slit at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. .
the parts a
being bent outwards while the other parts a¹ are bent inwards.
By proper treatment with a file, the nozzle-shaped holes so caused, are so worked
and pointed, that the channels produced thereby, are parallel to each other,
parallel to the axis of the cone and, consequently, parallel to the axis of the
chimney.
The form B, is produced by arranging rings within each other so as to form a
stepped cone the rings of which are fastened by bars in such manner, that each
higher i.e. smaller ring projects into the lower, i.e. larger ring; by which

page_text: arrangement the same object is secured, viz. channels or passages that are parallel
to each other, parallel to the axis of the cone, and hence, parallel to the axis of the
chimney, by means of the said bars which are also of conical section.
In both forms of construction, therefore it is evident that:
1) The channels or passages produced are both parallel to each other and parallel
to the axis of the cone, hence, parallel to the axis of the chimney.
2) That the higher in the cone the channels are situated the smaller or narrower the
openings; i.e., the opening 7 is narrower than 6, and G narrower than 5, and so on.
The ejector will generally have the form of a truncated cone, with the top open
or provided with a perforated cover D.
As the area of the openings of the ejector is generally equal to the area of the
exhaust pipe when fully open, there can be in this construction no throttling of
the steam, so that a locomotive will work with hardly any counter pressure on
the piston therefore the whole steam pressure will be utilised and the effective
power of the engine will be found to be increased considerably.
The steam generation is in this case very efficient; this will be clear from the
fact, that the steam coming out in the form of several jets (from the various
openings of the ejector) produces a much better suction in the smoke-box or in
the fire-tubes, than is the case with the present blast devices, so that the steam
pressure always attains the pressure allowed by law while the additional feeding
of water (even when the lever is pushed right forward and the exhaust device is
quite open) can always take place after each increase of draught, so that when
this device is used there can be no lack of steam or water if the slightest care is
taken, whereas at the same time the power of the engines is greatly increased,
say to an extent of 30%. The amount of sparks and the production of smoke is
also considerably reduced, as the steam coming out in the shape of several jets
produces a uniform air-draught corresponding to the degree of expansion with
which the locomotive works.
By means of this device the following advantages are attained.
1. A uniform air-draught corresponding to the degree of expansion with which
the engine works.
2. A very efficient generation of steam.
3. A much smaller production of sparks.
4. About 5% saving in fuel, while at the same time cheaper kinds of coal can
be used.
5. Small production of smoke.
6. An increase of the power of traction of the locomotive by about 30 %.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. A steam ejector comprising a casing and its upper cover, or a casing alone,
being provided with a series of channels or passages such channels being so con-
structed as to be parallel to each other and to the axis of the chimney which
channels decrease in sectional area the higher they are located in the ejector, so that
the steam jets issuing from the channels issue parallel at their entry into the
chimney substantially as described.
2. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the complete conical
steam ejector substantially as described or illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 or in
Figures 5 and 6 of the accompanying drawings.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.