matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON ELECTRODES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Gray at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th February 1878. A communication from
abroad by Nicolas Emile Reynier, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
MATTHEW GRAY, of Cannon Street, in the City of London, Engineer.
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON ELECTRODES." [A communication from
abroad by Nicolas Emile Reynier, of Paris, in the Republic of France.]
It is well known that the carbon points used in the production of light by
electricity are subject to rapid destruction, which is' to a considerable extent due to
the action of the air upon the heated carbon in rear of the incandescent luminous
points.
To avoid this useless burning away of the carbon and thereby to ensure more
durable carbon electrodes than have hitherto been produced, it is now proposed to
coat the surface of the carbon pieces with some refractory metal, such as nickel or
iron. This coating can be variously applied, but it is preferred to use the electro-
type process. When the carbon pieces thus coated are employed as electrodes, the
metal is to be stripped from their points, and the heat generated will melt away or
volatilize the metal as the carbon at the incandescent points is consumed, and
thereby présent fresh carbon for consumption; the coated portion however of the
carbon being protected from the action of the air, the useless consumption at the
sides of the electrodes is prevented.
Other advantages incidental to the use of the metallic-coated carbon electrodes
are that their sections may be materially reduced, they offer a relatively great
resistance to the formation of the voltaic arc, their radiating power is reduced, and
the intensity of the heat at the points consequently increased, and a better contact
is ensured in the carbon holders.
It may be remarked, with respect to the kind of metal used for coating, that the
more refractory the metal employed, the thinner may be the carbon electrodes and
the better will be the result attained.
Experiments have up to this time shown that nickel is the metal which best
realizes the requirements of the case, viz., a high melting point, cheapness, easy
application, good adherence, and little tendency to oxidize. Iron may however,

page_text: when the facilities for its application are increased, be beneficially employed, but
the cost of gold, iridium, and platinum will be a bar to their use.
To prepare the carbon pieces for the electrotype process, they are smoothed with
glass or emery paper, cleaned, and put into a lye of carbonate of soda or of carbonate
of potash, or, better still, immersed in a solution of caustic soda or potash, either hot
or cold.
When removed from the alkaline solution, the carbon pieces are rinsed in water
and submitted to the electrotype process, and when sufficiently coated they are
removed and dried at a temperature of from 100° to 140° Fah*.
Iμ- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FORMING HEEL COUNTERS OR STIFFENERS, ALSO 'BLOCK' OR 'PUFF TOES FOR BOOTS AND SHOES, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR FORMING OR MOULDING OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Alfred Oldershaw at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd September 1878.
露
HENRY ALFRED OLDERSHAW, of Leicester, in the County of Leicester. "Iμ-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FORMING HEEL COUNTERS OR STIFFENERS, ALSO
'BLOCK' OR 'PUFF TOES FOR BOOTS AND SHOES, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR FORMING OR
MOULDING OTHER ARTICLES."
On a suitable bracket, head plate, or stand, I mount a pressing or forcing lever,
so as to work on a fulcrum below. On the front side and a little above the
fulcrum I form the lever with a socket or appliance for receiving a male die, which
may be fixed by a set screw. On the other side at the back of the fulcrum I
provide a lever, or it may be two or more, with a pawl, which can fall into one of
the teeth of a rack on the bracket or bed plate or stand.
In front of the fulcrum I form the bed plate with guides suitable for receiving a
loose matrix or mould, the interior of which may be formed by some suitable metal
run in a molten state. A strong spring arranged under the fulcrum tends to force
the matrix out so far as to be suitable for the entry of the male die while
descending, and as last assuming, say, the vertical position, draws the matrix up
against, and slightly compresses the spring. The ratchet lever falling into one of
the teeth of the rack holds the male die in the matrix, thus ensuring a "dead"
blow or pressure without appreciable rebound against the leather or other material
placed in the mould.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO CRAVATS AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd July 1878. A communication
from abroad by Henri Wolff and Julius Wolff, both of Paris, in the Republic
of France.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO CRAVATS AND OTHER LIKE
ARTICLES." A communication from abroad by Henri Wolff and Julius Wolff,
both of Paris, in the Republic of France.
This Invention consists essentially in the application to the interior of the knots
or bows of cravats or made up neckties of all descriptions to be worn either by
gentlemen, ladies, or children of a concealed medallion provided with a cover on a
spring hinge, such medallion being of any suitable shape and dimensions, according
to the various uses to which it is to be applied, and being made of any metal or
other material adapted for the purpose, and ornamented in any suitable manner
known to jewellers.
The medallions are intended more particularly for the reception of photographs,
miniatures, locks of hair, or other like souvenirs, but they may also contain any
other articles of small size, and be made in varied forms, so as to enable them to be
utilised as portmonnaies, or for other like purposes.
In carrying out this Invention as applied to a cravat, in order to adapt the knot
or bow to contain a photograph (for example), a medallion is provided consisting
of a case or receptacle of a square or other convenient shape formed with holes near
the edges for the purpose of enabling it to be readily sewn to the material of
which the cravat is composed, and having a lid or cover, which is similarly attached
to a fold of the same inaterial in such a manner that the case or receptacle is
entirely concealed from view when the said lid or cover is closed. This lid or
cover is attached to the body of the case or receptacle by a hinge, having connected
thereto an india-rubber cord or band, or a helical or other suitable spring, which is
D...971

page_text: also connected to a slide fitted in the case. The spring causes the lid or cover to
fly open immediately on pressure being applied to a catch provided on the slide,
and which acts as a fastening.
Other similar devices may however be employed for a like purpose.
The Invention is also applicable to knots or bows generally worn upon the
person, or upon wearing apparel.
MENTS IN CARRIAGE BREAKS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Leigh Kindersley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th May 1878.
EDWARD LEIGH KINDERSLEY, of Clyffe, in the County of Dorset. "IMPROVE
MENTS IN CARRIAGE BREAKS,"
My Invention relates to a construction of break for wheeled carriages, the object
which I have in view being to provide means of retarding or arresting the rotation
of one or more of the wheels without the jar and uncertainty of the breaks which
are usually employed. For this purpose I case with metal the cylindrical portion
of the nave inside the wheel, so as to form a cylindrical drum, which is better
turned true, and to this drum I fit a flexible metal break strap, one end of which
is secured to a block fixed on the axle, or to the spring that rests on the axle, and
the other end is jointed to a lever, from which a rod, wire, cord, or chain is led to
any convenient part of the vehicle within reach of the hand or foot of the driver
thereof, or of the traveller thereby. On applying a moderate force to this cord,
wire, chain, or rod, the flexible strap is caused to embrace the nave, and so to
retard or stop the revolution of the wheel.
As by this arrangement the break strap and its operating lever are mounted on
the axle, which has no oscillation relatively to the wheel that revolves on it, I
avoid all jar, and make certain of causing the break to be put on or taken off by
a definite amount of movement of its lever.
A like arrangement of break may be applied to two of the wheels, the levers of
both being worked together.
MENTS IN CASTING METALS."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Osborne Taylor and
John Wailes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th
September 1878.
WILLIAM HENRY OSBORNE TAYLOR, of Panteg, in the County of Monmouth,
Mechanical Engineer, and JOHN WAILES, of the same Place, Engineer.
MENTS IN CASTING METALS."
" IMPROVE-
This Invention relates to an improved mode of making hollow or ring-shaped
ingots or castings of steel or other metals.
Such ingots or castings are ordinarily made by casting the metal in a mould, in
the centre of which is placed a core of some suitable material, by the removal of
which after the ingot or casting has become solid the required central hole is left.
This plan of casting the metal round a core presents several inconveniences, one
of the chief of which is that the casting if it is thin is often less sound or less solid
than a block of metal would be of the same bulk, but cast without the central hole,
moreover special precautions must in most cases be taken to avoid the risk of the
metal cracking or tearing as it contracts round the core in the act of cooling.
Now according to our Invention instead of making such ring-shaped ingots or
castings in a mould in the centre of which a core is fixed, by the removal of which
after the metal has become solid the required hole through the ingot or casting is
left as above mentioned, we pour the metal into a mould which is kept in rotation
by preference round a vertical axis by mechanical means at such a high velocity
that the liquid metal as soon as it is poured into the mould is driven by the centri-
fugal force caused by the rotation of the mould against the inner circumference of
the latter, so that as it cools the metal becomes solidified in the form of a ring-shaped
or hollow ingot or casting, the outer surface of which has the form of the mould, and
the inner surface is more or less conical (or if the mould be rotated at a high velocity
the casting will be nearly cylindrical) forming in fact a ring-shaped section of the
Price 2d 1

page_text: paraboloid of revolution which is the form taken by the free surface of a mass of
heavy liquid in rapid rotation round a vertical axis.
The axis of rotation instead of being vertical may if found more convenient be
inclined or even horizontal, provided that the velocity of rotation of the mould be
sufficient to throw the liquid metal (when poured into it) into the required annular
form.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Herbert William Higgins
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th October 1878.
FREDERICK HERBERT William HigGINS, Telegraph Engineer, of 17, Cornhill, in
the City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES."
These improvements consist of,-
First. The preparation of the carbon plate by filling its pores with wax, rosin, or
other material not acted upon by acids, in order to prevent the polarization which is
caused by the entry of the reduced fluid or the absorption of hydrogen.
This object is obtained by heating the whole of the carbon plate in a bath of
paraffin or other suitable substance at a temperature sufficiently high to expel
imoisture and air, and then allowing the plate to cool in the wax.
The pores by
this means become filled, and when the wax is cold it is scraped from the surface of
the plate.
Plates thus prepared are not subject to the inconveniences caused by the creeping
upward by capillary action of the solutions or salts employed, therefore any kind of
connection with clean metallic surfaces may be employed; but on account of the
liability of most of the common metals to oxydize at the surface in connection with
the carbon in moist places, I prefer to face the connection with a thin annulus, or
washer, or disc of platinum iridium, soldered on one side to the nut, which screws
on the wire or projection froin the zinc plate; the wire passes through a hole in
the carbon, and the annulus is pressed against the carbon plate by the tightening of
the nut.
The platinum iridium faced nut may be removed and used on other plates when
worn out. I employ this alloy by preference, because it admits of being soldered
to the cramp, or fly nut, or projection from the zinc, and is not dissolved by the
solder.
I prefer using short zinc plates with the connecting wire reaching to the bottom
of the plate, and the plate is usually cast of a taper form, the thickest part being
placed where the action is greatest. I employ vessels of about equal capacity for

page_text: the positive and negative elements, such proportions being the best for long-con-
tinued action; and in cases where from the nature of the work to be done by the
battery it would be advantageous, I employ a solution of sal ammoniac or common
salt instead of sulphuric acid solution with the zinc, in which case amalgamation of
the zincs is not absolutely necessary.
AN IMPROVED ELEVATOR TO BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH THRESHING MACHINES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bouttell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th March 1878.
WILLIAM BOUTTELL, of Acton, near Sudbury, in the County of Suffolk, Farmer.
"AN IMPROVED ELEVATOR TO BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH THRESHING
MACHINES."
For combining in one the ordinary portable steam threshing and dressing
machine and improved straw elevator by the following means, viz.-By affixing to
the front of the threshing machine (below the shakers) two horizontal revolving
cylinders, around which and similar cylinders of smaller diameter at the extremity
of the frame of the elevator run double continuous straps or bands with metal or
wood splines to riddle, and spikes in such splines at intervals to elevate the straw
as it leaves the machine along such wooden frame to any required height, and to
which such elevator can be adjusted; that such improved elevator is light in struc-
ture, and when compared with the ordinary straw elevator is inexpensive; that it
can be worked with a trifling expenditure of steam power, and can be packed for
transit as one machine, and removed without any extra horse power beyond that
now required to remove the threshing machine; that the working and movement is
extremely simple and free from exhaustive friction, and can be set and kept at
work by any ordinary unskilled workman.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Harris Busbridge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th December 1878.
THOMAS HARRIS BUSBRIDGE, of Sussex Place, Tunbridge Road, Maidstone, in
the County of Kent, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
PAPER."
My Invention relates to the manufacture of what is known as vat or hand-made
paper, its objects being to simplify the said manufacture, and at the same time to
produce at a lower cost better paper than has been produced by any of the methods
heretofore in use.
In the manufacture of hand-made paper as ordinarily practised it is customary
when the pulp has been made into sheets to suspend the latter in lofts or drying
rooms for the purpose of drying them, the process or operation of sizing the paper
being effected after it has become thoroughly dry either by suspending the sheets
in vessels containing the size or by passing them through sizing machines. This
method or process is tedious and costly, and a portion of the paper is always
spoiled in the course of the manufacture, a fact which has to be taken into con-
sideration in estimating the cost of the production of that which is fit for the
market; moreover it is frequently found in practice that the paper has to be passed
through the sizing machine more than once in order to ensure its being sufficiently
impregnated with size; this involves an additional expenditure of time, and there-
fore adds to the cost of production.
"
According to my said Invention I take the paper at that stage of the manufacture
when the pulp has been made into sheets, and I convey the latter direct from the
'pack" to a sizing machine, in which they are sized in a wet state. I thus dis-
pense with the intermediate process of drying, and the paper, when in a wet
condition, takes up or becomes impregnated with the size much more readily and
effectively than when dry, and consequently the paper produced according to my
said Invention possesses more strength or "stamina" than the best hand-made
paper heretofore inanufactured, this result being moreover obtained at a smaller
cost.

page_text: By reason of the readiness with which the paper, when in a wet state, takes up
the size the time required for sizing is diminished, and this operation is therefore
shortened to a considerable extent, so that a much larger quantity of paper may be
sized within a given time than has been practicable according to the methods here-
tofore practised; moreover, I am enabled to use a much shorter sizing and machine,
thus economizing space, reducing the cost of the machine, and it will never be
necessary to pass the paper through the said machine more than once.
The drying of the paper is effected in any suitable manner after it has been
sized, and it will be seen that only one drying operation is required when
practising my Invention instead of two, as heretofore.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN LOCKS AND LATCHES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Whitmore Baker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th February 1878.
WHITMORE BAKER, of Totnes, in the County of Devon, Surgeon-Dentist. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN LOCKS AND LATCHES."
The object of the Invention is to obtain increased security to locks and latches
against their being opened by false or skeleton keys. For this purpose I apply
over the keyhole of the lock or latch, and its pin or pinhole, a chamber, formed also
with a keyhole for the passage into it for the key, and in form to admit of such
key traversing round, or partially round therein; but I form the keyhole or passage
for the key to this chamber at a different angle to that for the passage of the key
into the lock. I also apply in this chamber wards corresponding with those in the
body of the lock, or so as to increase the difficulty of access to the lock. I also
apply a stop in this chamber to assist in guiding the key in its passage from the
additional chamber to the body of the lock.
In using this part of the Invention, the key having passed through the keyhole
formed for it into this chamber, the key is turned partly round therein until it
comes in contact with the stop or guide, and opposite the keyhole to the main por-
tion of the lock, or the lock proper, when it is passed therein to act on the works
thereof. Two or more of such additional chambers may be applied one over the
other, each provided with corresponding wards or wards adapted to increase the
difficulty of entrance to the lock, and with the entrance to each succeeding chamber
in a different direction from that preceding. The direction of motion of the key
for action in the lock may be the opposite of that in the chamber.
I also form the catch or link, or that part which in box locks enters the lock
and receives the bolt, to receive through it the end of a double bolt or series of
them.
The nib on one side or edge of the end of each bolt is formed, so that by spring
pressure acting on the bolt when the lid of the box is closed, the bolt at once
catches on to the link, the end of the bolt being inclined to facilitate such catching;

page_text: but in the event of an improper key being applied to act on the bolt or bolts so as
to release such nib, should such false key or means of acting on the bolt or bolts
move it, or any one of them, too far, the nib or nibs on the opposite side
will catch on to the opposite side of the link, and thus prevent the opening of
the box.
AN IMPROVED BREAK FOR THE BOBBINS OF THROSTLE FRAMES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clayton Mewburn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th February 1878. A commu-
nication from abroad by Charles Droulers Vernier, of Lille, France.
JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN, of 169, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent and Consulting Engineer. "AN IMPROVED BREAK FOR THE BOBBINS OF
THROSTLE FRAMES." [A communication from abroad by Charles Droulers Vernier,
of Lille, France.]
Although some of the arrangements of breaks hitherto introduced for the bobbins
of throstle frames have been to some extent satisfactory they have all required more
or less regulation by hand.
Now the object of the present Invention is to enable hand regulation to be dis-
pensed with.
The Invention consists of an automatic break for the bobbins of throstle frames,
the friction of which increases with the weight of the thread or yarn wound on the
bobbin.
The manner in which it is preferred to construct this automatic break is as
follows: The size of the hole in the lifting rail through which the spindle
passes is increased so as to be larger than the lower flange or disc of the
bobbin, and on the lifting rail there is fitted around each bobbin a pair of
breaks which bear against the flange of the bobbin. These breaks are carried
on the ends of arms fixed to levers which are free to turn on horizontal axes,
each break arm and lever forming a sort of inverted T. The inner ends of
the levers carry plates or discs, on which the bobbin rests, and the weight of
the bobbin by pressing down the inner ends of the levers causes the breaks to move
inwards and exert a friction on the bobbin flange, which friction gradually increases
as the bobbin becomes gradually heavier owing to the thread or yarn which is
being wound thereon.
The two breaks being diametrically opposite each other there is no tendency to
thrust or push the bobbin to one side, as in some breaks which have been proposed.
When the full bobbin is removed, which is done in the ordinary manner, the tails
D

page_text: or outer ends of the levers being sufficiently heavy cause the levers to turn on their
axes so as to hold back the breaks and allow the fresh empty bobbin to be
put in position on the spindle. As soon as the weight of this bobbin comes
upon the plates of the levers the breaks again move forward to act on the bobbin
flange.
AN IMPROVED FORE-END GRIP' FOR SPORTING GUNS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Thomas Baker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th April 1878.
FREDERIC THOMAS BAKER, of 88, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Gun
Maker, AN IMPROVED FORE-END GRIP' FOR SPORTING GUNS."
"
'
My Invention relates to an improved 'fore-end grip' for sporting guns, and con-
sists in fitting on the barrel or between the barrels of a gun a suitably shaped
projection, having a notch cut in its inner end.
The "fore-end" has a longitudinal groove upon its inner side at or about the
centre of its length, of suitable size for the projection on the barrel or barrels to
take into.
The fastening or grip is effected by means of a pin or stud passing through the
"fore-end," & formed with a nose or claw to take into the notch cut in the inner
end of the projection on the barrel or barrels when turned by means of a lever or
button on the outside face of the "fore-end."
When the " fore-end" is gripped in its place, the lever is in a line with the
barrel, and is recessed into the "fore-end," so as to lie flush with it.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN STAYS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emma Juliana Gammon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th January 1878.
EMMA JULIANA GAMMON, of the Firs, Leyton, in the County of Essex. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STAYS."
The Invention has for its object improvements in stays in order to facilitate the
retention of ladies' underclothing in proper position. For this purpose instead of
connecting hooks to the stay body as heretofore, to retain the tapes or strings of the
underclothing in proper position, I form the hooks on or fix them to the "ribs,"
"bones," or stiffeners, inserted in the body of the stays.
These improved "ribs," "bones," or stiffeners are provided with holes by which
they may be connected to the body of the stays, and they may formed of bone,
metal, or other suitable material, but they are preferably formed of steel, and they
are formed of the required shapes to suit the shape of the figure at the parts to which
they are applied.
IN SECURING KNOBS OR HANDLES TO THE SPINDLES OF LOCKS AND OTHER SPINDLES."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Pearce at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th September 1878.
"IMPROVEMENTS
JOHN PEARCE, of 48, Moorgate Street, in the City of London.
IN SECURING KNOBS OR HANDLES TO THE SPINDLES OF LOCKS AND OTHER SPINDLES."
To secure knob handles to the spindles of door locks a knob may be secured to
one end of the spindle in any ordinary way, or as herein described, and near the
other end of the spindle a number of shallow holes are formed in the spindle at a
slight distance apart from one another in the ordinary manner.
When the spindle
with a knob on one of its ends has been passed through a lock on a door the other
knob is slid on to its other end in the ordinary manner, and a pin is passed through
a hole in one side of the stem of this knob and caused to enter one of the holes in
the spindle and so keys the knob on to the spindle, the pin then projects slightly
from the exterior of the stem of the knob, and to retain this pin and prevent it from
escaping from the hole a loose collar which is upon the stem of the knob, and which
internally is somewhat of an oval form, is slid over the pin, which it is free to do
when the collar is turned, so as to bring the longer diameter of the oval in a line
with the pin. A slight turn is then given to the collar and causes it to press the
pin downwards firmly against the spindle, and at the same time the collar gets
locked and retained by friction, and cannot turn back again without great force
being applied to it, thus the knob is readily and easily secured to the spindle. To
give greater holding power the interior of the collar may be milled or indented.
In the same way to that above described knobs or handles can be secured to
other spindles. Or in place of the collar being formed oval on its interior, it may
be formed round and with a screw thread to screw on to the end of the stem of the
knob which should be slightly thicker than the rest of the stem and have a corre-

page_text: sponding screw thread cut on its outside, the end of the pin being in this case
flush with the exterior of the stem, or the pin might project slightly from the stem,
and the interior of the collar be slightly coned, so that as the collar was screwed up
on the neck of the knob the slight cone on the interior of the collar should force
the pin downwards and press and hold it into one of the holes in the spindle.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Bullock and Reuben Bullock at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th May 1878.
ISAAC BULLOCK and REUBEN BULLOCK, both of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick. "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS."
This Invention consists in the construction of an hammerless breech-loading
action.
We will now describe our Invention thus:—
We adopt the ordinary lock plate, with the bridle, sear, and sear spring, the
tumbler.
We construct, as hitherto, but extending the crane, the apex of which has an
hammer head.
We dispense with the swivel hitherto employed in the ordinary lock, but we
adopt a roller in the mainspring, traversing up an incline at the base of the said
tumbler.
To impart motion to our said Invention we adopt the ordinary lever over bow,
which passes through the bolt, so arranged to come in contact with the strikers,
which are interiorly situated and in a direct line with the cap of the cartridge,
and by the motion of the said lever is forced against the hammer head of the above-
described tumbler until the tumbler falls into bent or full-cock. At this stage the
gun is in a position for loading, so that with one motion of the lever we unbolt
the gun, press back the strikers, and put the lock action at full-cock.
cartridge is now inserted. Having closed the action, the trigger is pressed, and
the hammer head of the said tumbler strikes the needle, and explodes the
cartridge.
The
Further, we claim the arrangement of a safety, passing through the strap of the
break-off, and securing both the sears by holting upon the said sears.

page_text: The advantages aimed at by this our said Invention is, the rapidity in which the
gun can be cocked, unbolted, loaded, and fired, the simplicity of its arrangement,
dispensing with the striker springs, which were always liable to breakage, and the
benefit derived by a long double bolt shooting firmly into the steel lumps of the
barrel; this imparts greater security.
MENTS IN MAKING STRIPED SKIRTS AND APRONS, AND IN WEAVING CLOTHS KNOWN AS WARP-CORDED MOREENS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arnold Kalisky at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd July 1878.
ARNOLD KALISKY, of Bradford, in the County of York, Merchant.
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MAKING STRIPED SKIRTS AND APRONS, AND IN WEAVING CLOTHS
KNOWN AS WARP-CORDED MOREENS FOR THE SAME."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in warp-corded moreen cloths for
skirtings, whereby a cheaper and more effective cloth is produced.
Hitherto stripes have been made lengthwise of the piece but entirely across the
same, and only of such width as to necessitate when making into skirts the cutting
of the piece transversely in order to get the requisite depth, thus forming a skirt
of several pieces of the cloth with the stripes vertical, and consequently not so
effective.
In my improved cloth I make the piece of such a width as is required for the
depth of the skirt, and as stripes are costly in their production I make only such
stripes as will give an effective border at the bottom of the skirt when made up;
by this means I am enabled to produce a cloth for skirting at a cheaper rate and
far more effective.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING LIGHT
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Luigi Antonio Comolli, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th April 1878.
LUIGI ANTONIO COMOLLI, of Valenza, in the Province of Piedmont, and Kingdom
of Italy, but at present of 23, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING LIGHT."
The Invention has for its object improvements in means or apparatus for obtaining
light. For this purpose I employ a number of caps or discs provided with ignitable
composition, and arranged in a tube to be fed forward by a spring to a position
adjacent to the wick, which I form of asbestos or other incombustible material.
This wick communicates through the wick, tube, or passage with a chamber, which
is filled with a combustible material, preferably such as wax, combined with oil or
spirit. This last-mentioned chamber is provided with a close-fitting piston. Through
the piston and the centre of the chamber I pass a screwed rod, provided at its lower
end with a button or handle, by turning which, as required, the combustible mate-
rial can be forced to the wick; or the piston may be so fitted as to work by direct
pressure thereon. This screwed rod has fixed to its upper end a disc, preferably of
non-conducting material, such as porcelain, forming the upper end of the chamber,
and through which the wick passes.
On the exterior of the chamber is formed or fixed a cam, which as the chamber
is partially rotated, acts upon a spring hammer to ignite the cap or disc, which in
its turn ignites the inflammable material in the wick; or the ignitable cap or disc
may be otherwise ignited. The cover is provided with a catch, which in raising the
cover removes the spent cap or disc.
The tubes for the caps or discs of ignitable composition communicates with a
reservoir, from which such tube may be readily filled by simply depressing the
spring.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FOLDING BEDSTEADS."
Year: 1878

page_text: #
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick John Runyard at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th October 1878.
FREDERICK JOHN RUNYARD, of Camden Town, in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FOLDING BEDSTEADS."
My Invention relates to improvements in that class of folding bedsteads in which
they are utilised as an ornamental imitation article of furniture, such as a book-
case or cabinet by day, and as a bedstead by night or when required for such use.
It consists when combined as an imitation bookcase of two portions, vis, the
body or back framing of the case, and the front and ornamental portion or frame
which forms the imitation bookcase itself, and is the part which folds down so as to
form the bedstead.
The lower end of the folding frame is stepped or inserted between two curved or
ornamental checks or brackets projecting forwards (one on each side) from the
sides of the body or back framing with which they are flush. On each bottom
front corner at the side of the folding frame is attached a plate or bracket carrying
a roller, the two rollers taking into grooves which are cut in the inside faces of
the ornamental cheeks or brackets, and extend in an inclined direction upwards
and backwards towards the body or back framing.
To the inner edge of the folding frame above each inclined groove is attached the
end of a leather or other strap extending to the back of the body or back framing
where its other end is attached.
The front or folding frame forming the bedstead is so constructed and
ornamented externally as to represent an imitation bookcase when in an upright
position against the body or back framing.
The lower portion of the case will form a cupboard in the usual way.
The two upper ornamental pilasters of the folding frame are hinged to the frame,
so that they can be folded down to form legs or stands for the bedstead when
necessary.
The top end of the body or back framing is formed with a cornice, which remains
stationary when the front frame is folded down so as to give the appearance of an
Arabian bedstead.

page_text: It being required to convert the imitation bookcase into a bedstead the folding
frame is released at its top end and folded down into a horizontal position, in so
doing the leather or other strap at its lower end is tightened, and the rollers there
at mounting the inclined grooves causes the tightened strap to pull the folding
frame inwards towards the body or back framing, and to assume its correct height 5
and position with the same and with the floor. The ornamental pilasters at its
top end are then turned down, so as to form legs to the foot of the bedstead.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAI, SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Morton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th October 1878.
ALEXANDER MORTON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES."
This Invention consists, firstly, in forming the working beam or side levers of
inverted cylinder pumping engines of two parts, held so far apart by distance
pieces that the air pump may be placed and worked between them by means of a
cross head and side rods, as is usual with side lever marine engines. The said
working beam may extend equally or unequally on either side of the main centre,
and the steam cylinder or cylinders may be connected at or near to either or both
ends, balance weights may also be adjusted at either end to suit the requirements
of the main pumps. In some cases the working beam or side levers may be held so
far apart as to embrace the steam cylinder or cylinders as well as the air pump, and
the said working beam may take the form of that known as a "grasshopper," and
be placed below the steam cylinder instead of above it as heretofore, so that slides
may be used instead of the usual "rocking column." This first part of my said
Invention also includes the combination, construction, and use of two longitudinal
iron tanks bound together and running parallel with each other, so as to form the
engine seat, and held so far apart as to admit of the working beam being supported
upon and worked between them. These said tanks may have apertures through
them to give access for pipes and facilities for repairs; but otherwise may be wholly
filled with concrete.
The second part of this my said Invention relates to improvements in steam
engine condensers, and consist in the construction and use of a central disc placed
near to the top or crown of the condenser, and so as to be adjustable either nearer
to or farther from it. The injection water or condensed steam may enter through
the said crown near to or at the centre, and be deflected by the upper or convex
surface of said disc at right angles out towards its periphery in a thin circular sheet
of water; thus exposing a great surface to the condensing or condensed steam from
Price 2d1

page_text: steam engine cylinders, steam hammers, and other steam machines. In some cases
ordinary jet or surface condensers may be 'first used to condense the exhaust steam
with the aforesaid disc condenser combined, so as to draw off the air and other
products of condensation, the divided cold injection water doing separate duties in
each condenser or compartment. When there is no natural fall or head of water,
pumps must be used to give the condensing water the necessary velocity over the
cover or upper surface of the disc, and the novelty of this said second part of my
Invention consists in the construction and use of the aforesaid adjustable disc
condenser, either alone or when combined with other condensers.
METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SINGLE COLOURED LACE.
Year: 1878

page_text: METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SINGLE COLOURED LACE.
The mode of manufacture with weft silk will now be described, all the others
above mentioned being treated in the same manner. Some raw weft silk of a
certain thickness is taken and formed into several threads according to the size
desired to be obtained. The weft thus multiplied is then ready to receive a twisting
operation, more or less strong, either by the aid of a twisting machine, or simply by
hand, after which it passes through the dying operation; but it may be dyed before
or after the twisting operation, the result being the same.
The weft dyed white, black, or in colours is pressed between two hollow
cylinders heated, either by the aid of gas, mineral oil, parafine, spirits of wine, or

page_text: by means of a red hot ball introduced into the interior, or finally by the aid of
steam or otherwise.
The said cylinders are plain or grooved in different styles, according as to
whether it is desired to obtain flat, goffered, or spirally twisted laces, or any design
of goffering.
When the heat has been well combined with the pressure of the cylinders all the
threads of this weft in passing through the cylinders, unite together and form a
lace.
It is understood that the different widths of laces are obtained by the union or
assemblage of more or less threads together.
METHOD OF Manufacturing MANY COLOURED OR SHADED LACES.
The operation is the same as for the single coloured lace as regards the sizes and
the pressing, and the flattening, goffering, and forming spirals.
Two or more white or black weft threads are mixed with two or more green, red,
white, or coloured weft threads. They are twisted together, each colour separately,
or all the colours together, according to the different objects required, and after-
wards all joined together when they are passed under the cylinders as before
described.
By these combined operations is obtained a many coloured or shaded lace, which
has never hitherto been obtained.
IN DECORATING GLASS FOR ADVERTISING AND ORNAMENTAL PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Boggett at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th June 1878.
"IMPROVEMENTS
WILLIAM BOGGETT, of Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex.
IN DECORATING GLASS FOR ADVERTISING AND ORNAMENTAL PURPOSES."
-
A Patent was granted to me on the 12th of February, in the year 1875, No. 526,
the Specification of which contains a claim for the use of perforated surfaces of foil
paper superimposed on other surfaces with a view to the production of ornamental
inscriptions and designs intended to show through clear spaces in mirrors or other
glass having an opaque ground.
Now my present Invention comprises certain improvements in carrying the above
objects into practice, and consist,—
Firstly. In removing portions of silver from looking or silvered glasses in a more
ready way than heretofore by coating the silver shortly after it has been deposited
on the glass with whiting or other opaque matters mixed with an adhesive
material which is soluble in water in place of varnish or paint.
Secondly. In place of using the ordinary narrow crimped paper as heretofore I
in some cases produce a better effect by fluting it with wider indentations, say,
about 3th to 1/4 of an inch, using such fluted paper alone or combined with per-
forated slips.
Thirdly. My Invention has in view the employment of india-rubber stamps for
the purpose of impressing or printing an opaque ground upon the glass by means of
an adhesive opaque substance, leaving a clear space for the inscriptions or designs to
appear.
AN INDIA-RUBBER BASIN AND PAN LINER
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Robert Parry at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th April 1878.
RICHARD ROBERT PARRY, of 31, Trinity Square, Borough, in the County of
Surrey, Engineer. "AN INDIA-RUBBER BASIN AND PAN LINER."
An india-rubber basin or pan with a lap round the rim thereof, and a hole in the
centre thereof to act as an escapement for water, the said basin to be used as a lining
inside pewter and other basins and pans in use among hotel proprietors, public
house proprietors, refreshment bar proprietors, and others for washing glasses,
the object of the said india-rubber basin and pan liner being to prevent the
breakage of glass and other articles during the process of washing them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAIN AND ESCAPE VALVES FOB STEAM ENGINE CYLINDERS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Percy Holt, of Leeds, in the County of York, Civil
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAIN AND ESCAPE VALVES
FOB STEAM ENGINE CYLINDERS."
Sealed the 6th December 1878, and dated the 8th June 1878.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Henry Percy Holt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th June 1878.
HENRY PERCY HOLT, of Leeds, in the County of York, Civil Engineer. "1M-
PROVEMENTS IN DRAIN AND ESCAPE VALVES FOR STEAM ENGINE CYLINDERS."
This Invention consists in combining the drain and escape valves in one casing
for both ends of a steam engine cylinder, and may be carried out in the following
manner, as shewn in Figures 1 and 2 on the Drawings, in which the letters refer to
the parts as described, viz. :-
Figs. 1 and 2, a, a, openings for pipes from the respective ends of a steam engino
cylinder, by means of which pipes primed or condensed water is conveyed from
cylinder to drain and relief valve; b, b, drain valves for letting out water at each
exhaust stroke of the engine; c, c, relief valves for relieving pressure caused by
primed or condensed water in cylinder at such time as compression in exhaust end
of cylinder is greater than pressure at steam end of cylinder; d, d, spindle on relief
valve for guiding drain valve, and also for pressing spring f, f, on drain valves, as
well as guiding both valves in caps g, g, of casing, space g', g', being allowed in caps
for relief valves to open; e, e, guide for drain valves cast on relief valves; h, spring
for opening both drain valves when engine is standing; i, i, exhaust chamber and
outlet,, casing for containing valves.
Fig. 3 shews plan of drain valve having openings for passage of water to relief
valve.
Having now described and illustrated the construction and working of my Inven-

page_text: tion, and the method of carrying the same into effect, what I claim as novel and
therefore secured to me in this Letters Patent is,―
First. The combined arrangement of drain and escape valves for steam engine
cylinders, substantially as described and illustrated.
Second. The combination of parts forming in one casing drain and relief or
escape valves answering for both ends of steam engine cylinders, substantially as
described and illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Percy Holt, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Eighth day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-eight.
HENRY PERCY HOLT. (Inter)
ROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXPANDING AND STRETCHING FABRICS, AND FOR STRAIGHTENING THE THREADS OF WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Mather, of the Firm of Messieurs Mather and
Platt, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXPANDING AND STRETCHING FABRICS,
AND FOR STRAIGHTENING THE THREADS OF WOVEN FABRICS." A communi-
cation from abroad by Paul Coche, of Mions, near Lyons. France.
Scaled the 24th January 1879, and dated the 15th November 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Mather at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th November 1878.
WILLIAM MATHER, of the Firm of Messieurs Mather and Platt, of Salford, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXPANDING
AND STRETCHING FABRICS, AND FOR STRAIGHTENING THE THREADS OF WOVEN
FABRICS." A communication from abroad by Paul Coche, of Mions, near Lyons,
France.
This improved apparatus which may be applied to mangles, calenders, and all
other machines used in dyeing, printing, or otherwise treating textile fabrics consists
of a board or frame to which are connected the axles of two conical grooved rollers
set in a line or at any convenient angle to each other. The smaller ends of the
cones are placed near to each other and in the centre of the width of the board or
frame, the axles are jointed together and swivel in a bearing which can be raised
or lowered to vary the level of the upper surface of the cones, and the bearings at
the outer ends of the cones fit in radial slots to enable the cones to be set at any
angle, according to the amount of expansion or stretch that is required to be given
to the fabric.

page_text: For some purposes the cones are made of hollow sheet metal heated by steam,
and they are carried round by the fabric passing over them, or they may be driven
by a cross shaft with pinions or otherwise.
Or the apparatus may be used as a separate machine with one or more sets of
cones to operate on the fabrics for the purposes above described.
Or this apparatus may be enlarged and so modified as to receive needle points or
clamps on the circumference of the cones for the purpose of holding the selvages to
stretch woven fabrics to a positive width, in lieu of the ordinary stentering or
stretching machine now used.