IMPROVEMENTS IN SEPARATING GLUTEN FROM STARCH AND IN PREPARING GLUTEN FOR FOOD
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Anderson; of Allan Bank, near Braco, in the
County of Perth, North Britain, Starch Manufacturer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEPARATING GLUTEN FROM STARCH AND IN PREPARING
GLUTEN FOR FOOD,"
Sealed the 21st January 1868, and dated the 25th July 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James' Anderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition; on the
25th July 1862.
I, JAMES ANDERSON; of Allan Bank, near Braco, in the County of Perth;
North Britain, Starch Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEPARATING GLUTEN FROM STARCH AND
IN PREPARING GLUTEN FOR FOOD," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to an improved mode of separating gluten from
starch, and to the preparing of gluten, however obtained, so as to render it
suitable for food.
In the improved mode of obtaining gluten, wheat flour and water or dough
is submitted to the action of a revolving shaft with arms in a trough. The
shaft is fitted with inclined arms; and the trough is crossed by inclined bars;
between which the revolving arms work. As the process goes on, water is sup-
plied in jets which play on the dough; and the inclination of the revolving arms
and of the bars causes the dough to be propelled forward, whilst the water

page_text: carries off the starch. The gluten as it is separated becomes accumulated on
the revolving arms. If the water is warmed, it assists the action, but the heat
must not exceed 140 degrees Fahrenheit. To prepare gluten obtained in this
way or by other means, it is heated to a temperature sufficient to deprive it
of its elastic, adhesive, or glutinous character, and it becomes coagulated and
somewhat firm and friable. In this state it is preserved by pickling with salt,
or by completely drying it, to prevent decomposition. The converted gluten
may either be minced before drying it, or when dried, it may be ground into a
meal or flour. The gluten may be further prepared for the market or for use
by mixing it with an edible fat, with animal flesh, or with other vegetable
matter.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Anderson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
23rd January 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
ANDERSON, of Allan Bank, near Braco, in the County of Perth, North Britain,
Starch Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight. hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said James Anderson, Her special licence that I, the said James
Anderson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said James Anderson, 'my executors, administrators, and assigns, should, at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel. Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
SENTS IN SEPARATING GLUTEN FROM STARCK AND IN PREPARING GLUTEN FOR
Food," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James
Anderson, my executor's or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, ör one of their hands and seals; should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: .
NOW KNOW YE, that I, tho said James Anderson, do hereby declare tho
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement in writing, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to an improved mode of separating gluten from
starch, and to the preparing of gluten; however obtained, so as to render it
suitable for food.
In the improved mode of separating gluten from starch, wheat flour and
water or dough is submitted to the action of a revolving shaft with arms in a
trough. The shaft is fitted with inclined arms, and the trough is crossed by
inclined bars, between which the revolving arms work. The trough is, by
preference, made of wood, and the shaft arms and cross bars of iron, but their
precise dimensions or proportions are immaterial, being dependent on tho
quantity to be treated at one operation; the speed at which the shaft rotates
may also be varied, but with arms of from six to twelvo inches in length or
radius, a rate of from twenty to forty turns per minute will be found to answer
well. As the process goes on, water is supplied in jets, which play on tho
dough, and the inclination of the revolving arms and of the fixed bars causes
the dough or gluten to be propelled forward; whilst the water carries off the
starch. This starch may be subsequently treated according to any suitable
well-known plan. The gluten, as it is separated, becomes accumulated on the
revolving arms and to a less degree upon the fixed bars. The water applied
by the jets will assist the separating action if it is warmed, but the heat must
not exceed 140 degrees Fahrenheit. To prepare gluten obtained in the
manner described or by other means, it is taken in its fresh moist condition
and is heated to a temperature sufficient to deprive it of its elastic, adhesive,
or glutinous character, and it becomes coagulated and somewhat firm and
friable. This coagulation may be conveniently effected by placing the gluten
in shallow trays and immersing the same in hot water, say, of a temperature
exceeding 150 degrees Fahrenheit; or, the coagulation may be effected by
steaming tho gluten in vessels of any convenient kind. The coagulated gluten
may be preserved by pickling it with salt, or by completely drying it, to prevent
decomposition. The drying may be conveniently effected by depositing the
gluten in thin layers upon plates or shelves, which are placed in a stove, such
as is used in the starch manufacture. The converted or coagulated gluten
may either be minced before drying it, or when dried it may be ground into a
meal or flour. The gluten may be further prepared for the market or for use
in a great variety of ways. Thus, it may be mixed with an edible fat, with
animal flesh, or with other vegetable matter. By suitably manipulating it
י

page_text: when in a plastic condition, it may be made to closely resemble animal flesh
in texture. Thus, if a quantity of it is alternately drawn out and doubled a
number of times, a little fat being applied to keep separate the fibres produced
by such drawing, slices of it cut transversely will be scarcely distinguishable in
appearance from some kinds of animal flesh. Imitation potted meats may be
made of the gluten by treating it precisely as in potting ordinary flesh, and
various flavours may be imparted to it by combining with it suitable
ingredients.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is or may be performed, I have to state, that I do not restrict
myself to the precise details herein described, but that what I believe to
be novel and original, and claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
1. The separating of the gluten and starch of wheat flour by the action of a
revolving shaft with arms in a trough aided by jets of water, substantially as
herein-before described.
2. The using of warm water to assist the separation of the gluten and starch,
as herein-before described.
3. The coagulating or converting of the gluten by means of heat, substan-
tially as herein-before described.
4. The completely drying of the gluten after coagulation, substantially as
herein-before described.
5. The preparing of the gluten for food, substantially as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Anderson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
28, St. Enoch Square,
Glasgow:
JAMES ANDERSON. (L.s.)