Improvements in and in connection with Hydraulic Apparatus for the Transmission of Motive Power.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Feb., 1894-Accepted, 28th Apr., 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and in connection with Hydraulic Apparatus for
the Transmission of Motive Power.
I, SILVESTER KRNKA, of Michle, Bohemia, in the Empire of Austria,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
The object of my invention is to effect improvements in the transmission of
power, and in converting reciprocating motion into rotary motion.
My invention consists in coupling single-acting cylinders of unequal diameters,
and fitting the same with pistons. The lower ends of the cylinders communicate
with each other, the spaces under the pistons, and also the passages, being filled
with water or other liquid. On the descent of one piston the other is corre-
spondingly raised, and vice versa. The piston of the smaller cylinder is connected
with a reciprocating lever, and the piston of the larger. cylinder is connected with a
crank, cranked axle, fly wheel, or other mechanism.
And in order that my said invention may be particularly described and
ascertained, reference is hereby made to the accompanying drawings, in which
similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.
Fig. 1 is an elevation, partly in section, Fig. 2 is an end view, and Fig. 3 a plan,
showing one method of carrying out my invention.
Fig. 4 is a section, Fig. 5 a plan, and Fig. 6 a side view of the pistons, drawn to
a larger scale.
Fig. 7 illustrates a method of forming an adjustable lever.
Figs. 8 and 9 illustrate another arrangement of my invention.
Fig. 10 is a plan and Fig. 11 a sectional elevation, illustrating a method of
applying my invention to driving a vehicle, such as a tram-car and the like.
Referring to Figs. 1, 2 and 3, A and A' are cylinders of small diameter and long
stroke, and B and B are cylinders of larger diameter and shorter stroke. The
spaces under the pistons are filled with water, oil, glycerine, or other suitable
liquid. The piston in the cylinder A is connected, by means of the connecting
rod a with the end y of the lever dd', pivoted at y³ to the frame L. In like
manner the piston of the cylinder A' is connected, by means of the connecting
rod a¹ with the end y¹ of the lever d d'. f is one of the vibrating rods (of which
there are two) pivoted at y. At the upper ends Z of these rods other levers c c¹
are pivoted. These levers cc' are pivoted at to the links connecting the
piston rods a a¹ with the lever d d'. At e el any suitable links and handles may be
fitted for operating the levers by manual power. is a crank shaft carrying a
flywheel, and fitted with cranks k k¹, at 180° from each other. b₁ are connecting
rods, connecting the pistons in the cylinders B B with the cranks k k'. A spring,
as shown at t (Fig. 1) with a sliding collar wo (or any equivalent spring) may be
fitted to each connecting rod to lessen concussion and utilise the surplus force.
The levers c c¹ are preferably made, as shown in Fig. 7, the rod being spliced by
means of collars n n', and rendered adjustable in length by means of notches p p
and a spring tongue q, as shown.
Referring to Figs. 4, 5 and 6, B is a portion of the cylinder, m³ is the metallic
biston, the upper part being dished for the reception of oil or other lubricant, small
oles i being made to allow the oil to pass. m is an ordinary hydraulic cup

page_text: formed of leather or india rubber, held to the piston by the nut o.
valve for relieving the pressure, if necessary.
s is a relief
The small pistons in the cylinders A A' are caused to receive reciprocating
motions by hand. The liquid is thus driven into the larger cylinders B B
alternately, and received back into the smaller cylinders.
In operating with this apparatus, the workman can sit or stand in any convenient
position and work the handle, or he may work the two handles, one in each hand.
The areas of the larger pistons being much greater than those of the smaller
pistons, the force exerted upon the crank pins is proportionately greater.
Figs. 8 and 9 show a variation in fitting the levers and their connections. The
connecting rod b is pivoted to the piston at u, and the connecting rod g is pivoted
to the pisten at r. By this arrangement the lever c not only operates the small
piston, but also assists in operating the large piston.
An
Figs. 10 and 11 show the application of the invention to driving vehicles.
G' and G2 are two driven discs mounted upon two axles of a vehicle, such as a
tram-car. G is the driving disc operated by the large cylinders B B
endless chain or band serves to transmit the power from the disc G to G¹ G' and
thus drive the wheels of the tram-car or other vehicle.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of any said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. In a hydraulic apparatus for the transmission of motive power, the com-
bination of two cylinders A and B, their lower ends being in communication and
filled to the undersides of their pistons with water or other suitable liquid, for the
purpose of converting reciprocating motion into rotary motion, by means of
manual power, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the
drawings.
2. In a hydraulic apparatus as aforesaid, the combination of two cylinders A
and B, communicating and filled as last aforesaid, the piston in the cylinder A
receiving rectilinear movements by hand power actuating the handle e of a lever c,
in connection with the rod a; the rod b of the larger piston being connected with
the crank k of a shaft h, for the production of circular motion, substantially as
herein before described and illustrated by the drawings.
3. In a hydraulic apparatus as aforesaid applied to the conversion of recipro-
cating motion, actuated by human energy, into rotary motion, the combination of
two or more sets of cylinders, each set being filled and communicating as aforesaid;.
the rods a and a¹ being connected by a lever d d', and the cranks and k¹ being
mounted at 180° apart, substantially as herein before described and illustrated by
the drawings.
4. In a hydraulic apparatus as aforesaid, the arrangement for supporting the
fulcrum Z of the lever cupon a vibrating rod for g, the rod f being pivoted to a
bearing y, and the rod g being pivoted to the piston connecting rod b, substantially
as herein before described and illustrated by the drawings.
5. In a hydraulic apparatus as aforesaid, the application and use of spiral
springs and collars w, or their equivalents, for receiving the excess of energy
applied to the reciprocating parts, and restoring such energy at the commencement
of the return stroke, substantially as herein before described and illustrated by the
drawings.
'
6. In a hydraulic apparatus as aforesaid, the application and use of cupped
pistons, fitted to carry and apply lubricant to the expanding cup m, and having
a relief valve s, substantially as herein before described and illustrated by the
drawings.
7. In a hydraulic apparatus as aforesaid, the application and use of an adjustable
lever, substantially as herein before described and illustrated by Fig. 7 of the
drawings.

page_text: 8. The general construction, arrangement and combination of the several and
respective parts, together forming my invention of an improved engine for
the transmission of motive power, substantially as herein before described and
illustrated by the drawings.
Dated 23rd Febm 180
GEO.
DOWNING,
8, Quality Court, London, W.C., Agent.