Flames, especially for Heating Incandescent Bodies.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 26th June, 1897
Complete Specification Left, 28th Dec., 1897-Accepted, 26th Feb.,
1898
Flames, especially for Heating Incandescent Bodies.
I, MAX GRAETZ, of 31, Lausitzer Strasse, Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, German,
Empire, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention refers to oil-burners of the kind, in which, first, the inner wick-
tube is contracted at its upper end, or is provided with a special contracting-cap
respectively; second, a spreader or spreading-disk is arranged somewhat above
said cap, or above the wick-tube and the wick respectively; and, third, the outer
wick-tube is surrounded by a cap reaching up to about the middle of the space
between said spreading-disk and the upper ends or edges of, the wick-tubes, and
forming together with the outer wick-tube an annular channel by which air is
admitted to the outer side of the flame.
The parts and arrangements afore mentioned are known; my improvements in
burners of that kind relate to certain novel arrangements and combinations of
parts, which I am now going to describe with reference to the drawing annexed.
The first characteristic feature of my improved burner consists in the spreader b
having a hood-like configuration, the rim being bent downwards and terminating
in about the height of the upper end of the cap k. Said rim is provided with
apertures b. In the form of construction shown the lower end or edge-part of
said hood-like spreader is bent to a sort of flange 68, but I wish it to be under-
stood, that this does not form a point in my invention.
Another characteristic feature of my improved burner consists in the cap kibeing
surrounded by a cap which also forms an annular channel together with said
cap k. Openings o provided in the lower part of the latter allow of air entering
said annular channel; this air passes into the interior or the inner space of the
incandescent-body (indicated by dotted lines) as does also the air ascending through
the known annular channel mentioned in the first paragraph of this specification.
The cap or, more precisely, the upper part of the same forms at the same time
an auxiliary support for the incandescent body. Openings o¹ provided in the lower
part of the cap serve for admitting air also to the outside of said body.
There is thus in my improved burner a fourfold supply of air. First, through
the inner wick-tube a'; the current of air passing upwards through this tube is
contracted by the cap a³, so that the speed of said current is correspondingly re-
duced. Second, through the annular channel formed by the outer wick-tube,a
and the cap &; the speed of the air passing upwards through this channel is not
impeded in any way. Third, through the annular channel formed by the
caps k; and, fourth, through the openings o¹ of said cap k¹.
The upper part of this cap is located directly opposite to the openings b' of the
hood-like spreader b. The air passing upwards through the inner wick-tube a¹ is.
first fully consumed for keeping the wick d burning; after short a time the draught

page_text: of the air that passes through the inner annular channel (between the parts a and k)
becomes so strong that the outer part of the circular flame is extinguished. The
respective part of the upper end of the wick is thus laid free, and serves from that
moment for the generation of gas; the latter mixes with the air supplied by the
inner annular channel. Owing to the gas being developed rapidly and in large
quantities a part only of the mixture of air and gas can pass through the annular
space between the upper edge of the cap and the flange 6 of the spreader, whereas
the other part of that mixture passes into the cavity of the spreader and leaves the
same through the openings & This other part forms consequently a number of
radial jets which, firat, pass about rectangularly through the first-mentioned part
of the mixture, and then meet, and mix with, the air supplied by the outer annular
channel (between the caps k and k¹).
The combustion of the gas or, more precisely, of the mixture of gas and air occurs on
the two parts of this mixture meeting and penetrating each other; in consequence
of the flame being then furnished with another supply of air (through the annular
channel between the two caps) even the various pointed extremities of the flame are
rendered perfectly non-luminous. Said other (i.e. third) supply of air is so great
that there is an excess of oxygen. Owing partly to this excess of oxygen (which
passes along the inner surface of the incandescent body) and partly to the fourth
supply of air (which air passes along the outer surface of the incandescence-body)
the flame remains non-luminous even in a strong outer draught. The lamp may
well be used in the open air without any fear of the illuminating power of the
incandescent-body being impaired by soot. As far as known to me that effect has
not been attained with any other construction of lamp, or of burner respectively,
and, in fact, the purpose proper of my invention is to obtain the effect just stated.
Dated this 26th day of June 1897.
MAX GRAETZ.
By Geo. Thos. Hyde,
No. 1, Broad Street Buildings, Liverpool Street, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.
Improvements in Oil-burners for the Production of Non-luminous
Flames, especially for Heating Incandescent Bodies.
I, MAX GRAETZ, of 31, Lausitzer Strasse, of Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia, German
Empire, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
This invention refers to oil-burners of the kind, in which, first, the inner wick-
tube is contracted at its upper end, or is provided with a special contracting-cap
respectively; second, in which a spreader or spreading-disc is arranged somewhat 4
above said cap, or above the wick-tube and the wick respectively; and, third, the
outer wick-tube is surrounded by a cap reaching up to about the middle of the space
between said spreading-disc and the upper eunds or edges of the wick-tubes, and
forming together with the outer wick-tube an annular channel by which air is
admitted to the outer side of the flame.
The parts and arrangements afore mentioned are known; my improvements in
burners of the kind in question relate to certain novel arrangements and com-
binations of parts, which I am now going to describe with reference to the drawings
filed with the Provisional Specification.
The first characteristic feature of my improved burner consists in the spreader b
having a hood-like shape the rim being bent downwards and terminating in about
4

page_text: the height of the upper end of the cap k. Said rim is provided with apertures b¹..
In the form of construction shown the lower ond or edge of said hood-like spreader
is bent to a kind of flange bs, but I wish it to be understood, that I do not regard
this as a part of my invention.
A special feature of my improved burner consists in the cap & being surrounded' by
a cap k¹ which also forms an annular channel together with said cap k. Openings o
provided in the lower part of the latter allow of air entering said annular channel;
this air passes into the interior or the inner space of the incandescent-body (indi-
cated by dotted lines) as does also the air ascending through the known annular
channel mentioned in the first paragraph of this specification. The
precisely, the upper part of the same forms at the same time an auxiliary support
cap
for the incandescent body. Openings o' provided in the lower part of the cap kl
serve for admitting air also to the outside of said body.
or, more
There is thus in my improved burner a fourfold supply of air. First, through
the inner wick-tube a¹; the current of air passing upwards through this tube is
contracted by the cap a³, so that the speed of said current is correspondingly re-
duced. Second, through the annular channel formed by the outer wick-tube a
and the cap; the speed of the air passing upwards through this channel is not
impeded in any way. Third, through the annular channel formed by the caps
kk;
and, fourth, through the openings o' of said cap k¹.
The upper part of this cap is located directly opposite to the openings b¹ of the
hood-like spreader b. The air passing upwards through the inner wick-tube a¹ is
first fully taken up by the flame of the wick d; after a short time the draught of
air that passes through the inuer annular channel (between the parts a and k)
becomes so strong that the outer part of the circular flame is extinguished. The
respective part of the upper end of the wick d is thus laid free, and serves from
that moment for the generation of gas; the latter mixes with the air supplied by
the inner annular channel. Owing to the gas being developed rapidly and in large
quantities, a part only of the mixture of air and gas can pass through the annular
space between the upper edge of the cap k and the flange b of the spreader, whereas
the other part of that mixturo passes into the cavity of the spreader and leaves the
same through the openings 6. This other part forms consequently a number of
radial jets, which, first, pass approximately rectangularly through the first-men-
tioned part of the mixture, and then meet, and mix with, the air supplied by the
outer annular channel (between the caps k and k¹).
The combustion of the gas or, more precisely, of the mixture of gas and air
occurs when the two portions of this mixture meet and penetrate each other; in
consequence of the flame being then furnished with another supply of air through
the annular channel (between the two caps) even the pointed extremities of the
flame are rendered perfectly non-luminous. Said other (ie. third) supply of air is
so great that there is an excess of oxygen. Owing partly to this excess of oxygen
(which passes along the inner surface of the incandescent body) and partly to the
fourth supply of air (which air passes along the outer surface of the incandescent
body the flame remains non-luminous even in a strong outer draught. The lamp may
well be used in the open air without any fear of the illuminating power of the
incandescent-body being impaired by 'soot. As far as known to me this effect has
not been attained with any other construction of lamp, or of burner respectively,
and, as hereinbefore indicated, the main object of my invention is to obtain this
especial effect just stated:
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. In an oil-burner for the production of a non-luminous flame, the combination
with the two concentric wick-tubes, the inner of which is contracted at or near its
upper end, of a spreading-disc having a downwardly bent rim and apertures in
said rim, a cap surrounding the outer wick-tube, and terminating at about the

page_text: height of the lower edge of said spreading-dise; and another cap surrounding said
first cap, and terminating at about the height of the lateral apertures of the said
spreading disc, substantially as and for the purpose described.
2: In an oil-burner for the production of a non-luminous flame, the combination
with the two concentric wick-tubes a a', the inner of which (a) has a contracting-
cap a² at or near its upper end, of a spreading disc.b having a downwardly bent rim
and apertures b¹ in said rim; a cap k surrounding the wick-tube a and terminating
at about the height of the lower edge of said spreading-disc; another cap sur-
rounding said cap k and terminating at about the height of the apertures b' of the
said spreading-disc, and openings oo provided in the base parts of said two caps,
the base-part of the cap being located above the base-part of the cap k, sub-
stantially as, and for the purpose described.
Dated this 28th day of December 1897.
MAX GRAETZ.
By Geo. Thos. Hyde,,
1, Broad Street Buildings, London, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.