Year: 1898

page_text: Сустер,
I, GEORGE HENRY NEDDERMAN, of 50, Pitt Street, Glodwick, Oldham, in the County
of Lancashire, Cycle Maker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention will apply more particularly to a rear driven cycle the back wheel
of which is driven from the crank axle by means of two gear-wheels, one on the back
wheel hub and the other on the crank axle, the motion being transmitted from one
gear-wheel to the other by means of an endless chain which passes over them.
A general idea of the arrangement will be understood from the following con-
siderations with respect to Figs. 1 and 2 in the accompanying drawings.
In the two views shown in Fig. 1 a represents the bottom bracket of a cycle frame
and is provided with two arms b, and b₂ to which the ends c, and c, of the back
forks d, and d₂, respectively, are secured by the arrangement shown. The stud e is
secured firmly to the end c₁ of the back fork d₁ in a suitable manner, methods for that
purpose being hereafter described, and passes through slots, which are parallel and
opposite each other, in the arms b₁ and b₂. In the upper of the two views in Fig. 1
the slots are shown at f. In the lower view they are indicated by f₁ and fo. More.
minutely, the stud e passes through the slot f₁, thence through a sleeve v, the slot f
the back fork end c₂, the washer h and the nut g which screws upon the end of it and
when tightened up fixes the position of the stud e with reference to the arms b, and b.
The sleeve which is shown in section in the lower view of Fig. 1 prevents the
arins b₁ and by from being drawn towards each other when the nut is tightened on
to the stud e.
In the lower view of Fig. 1 the sleeve v, arms b₁ and b, and bottom bracket are
shown in section, the section being taken through the line A B shown in the upper
view. Also, Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 represent views corresponding to the lower view in
Fig. 1 with regard to the section taken.
One of the principal objects of the arrangement shown in Fig. 1 is to provide means
for so controlling the movement of the stud e that whilst retaining its axis parallel
to that of the crank axle i, it may be caused to move towards and recede from that
axis and thus, by imparting that movement to the back forks d, and d, whose outer
ends (see Fig. 2) carry the axle and hub of the back wheel upon which is mounted.
the back gear-wheel (not shown in Fig. 2), the respective axes of the gear-wheel on
the back hub and the gear-wheel on the crank axle may, whilst remaining parallel to
each other, be made to move towards or recede from each other and thereby effect an
adequate means for nicely adjusting the tightness of the chain so as to obtain the
most efficient working of the chain and gear-wheels.
By slightly slackening the nut g the arrangement shown in Fig. 1 permits of the
stud e sliding in the slots in the arms b₁ and b, in the required inanner, referred to
in the previous paragraph, the movement being properly controlled by an adjusting
Screw. one end of which screws into a hole threaded for that purpose in the

page_text: bottom bracket; the other end, which is butted or turned larger in diameter than
the threaded portion, fitting into a recess in the sleeve formed so as to permit
of the free revolution of the screw about its axis and to so hold the butted end that
any movement of the screw longitudinally, as it is screwed in or out of the
bottom bracket, is trausnitted to the sleeve and thereby through the stud e,
A milled
back forks, and d and so on to the gear-wheel on the back hub.
edged nut 1, locked in position by a lock-nut m, may be placed upon the screw k
by means of which an adjustment of the screw may be effected with the thumb
and finger.
Fig. 2 represents two views of the hind portion of a cycle frame adapted to the
application of the arrangement shown in Fig. 1 but for clearness of description
some of the parts shown in Fig. 1 have been omitted. The position of the slots in
b, and b, are by preference arranged so that the two extreme points, between which
they permit the axis of the stud e (see Fig. 1) to move, shall be equally distant
from the axis of the seat pin p the two equal distances here referred to being
indicated by w, and w, in Fig. 2. By this means the relative positions to each other
of back forks d₁ and d, and back stays m, and m, will be very approximately
maintained whatever position the stud e may occupy in the slots in the arms b, and b₂.
Thus a mudguard which when secured would hold the back forks and back stays in a
fixed position relative to each other would not interfere with the freedom of motion of
the stud e along the slots in the arms by and b₂. It follows, also, that by arranging
the position of the slots in the arms b, and b, as stated the stud e will move freely in the
slots without it being required to loosen the nuts which secure the back hub spindle to.
the back forks and back stays as the whole structure of back forks, back stays, back wheel
and mudguard will swing together about the axis of the seat lug pin p. The direction
of ideal slots in b₁ and b₁ for the object just stated would be circular curves.
concentric with the axis of the seat lug pin p. As, however, these circular curves
would be of large radius and the lengths of the slots small in comparision the
slots may be made straight without any practical inconvenience the straight form of
the slot being the most suitable as it allows the screw to advance in a direct
line.
In order to render it unnecessary to loosen the nut on the seat lug pin p, which in
Fig. 2 is shown of the ordinary type, when an alteration of the position of the stud e
in the slots is required, the pin p is made of a special form illustrated by Fig. 3. In
addition to the usual button head p, a collar p, is formed upon it and after the pin is
passed through the back stay end n, and seat lug g the back stay end n, with the
stepped washer rare, placed over the end of the pin the whole being secured by
means of the nut s. It will be seen from this arrangement that if the back stay
ends n, and n, are made respectively slightly thinner than the widths of the collar p₁
and that portion of the stepped washer which has the smaller diameter the seat
lug can be tightened by means of the nut 8 without interfering with the required
swinging movement of the back stays about the axis of the pin p.
Other means for controlling the movement of the stud e along the slots in the.
arms b, and b, are shown in Figs. 4, 5, 6 and 7.
In Fig. 4 the screw with the nuts and m (in the arrangement of Fig. 1) are
simply reversed the head of the screw revolving in the bottom bracket a and the
other end screwing into the sleeve v.
In Fig. 5 the screw may be fixed to the sleeve v by screwing it into a hole, made.
in the side for its reception, or by forming the sleeve vand screw both in one
piece as in the fig. The screw ke passes freely in the direction of its length through
a plain cylindrical hole in the piece t formed on the arm b₁. The necessary move-
ment is imparted to the stud e by turning the milled edged.nut which screws
upon and is guided between the two pieces and u formed or fixed on the
arm b₁.
In Fig. 6 the arrangement of Fig. 5 is reversed the screw being fixed to the
bottom bracket a and the arrangement for guiding the milled edged nut is effected
by the formation shown upon the sleeve the part having a circular hole, which

page_text: may require to be. conical in form, for the reception of a portion of the nut
of the same shape so as to revolve within the hole in the part t.
formed
In Fig. 7 the screw and bottom bracket a are fixed together so as to form one
piece as in Fig. 6 the milled edged nut screwing upon it. The milled edged nut in
this case has a boss, upon which an external screw thread is formed, which screws
into a larger boss formed upon the sleeve v. The external screw threads and
consequently the internal screw threads which fit upon them are of opposite hand to
each other; that is to say there is a right handed internal screw thread which fits
upon a right handed external screw thread and a left handed internal, screw thread
which fits upon a left handed external screw thread. Therefore on turning the
combined nut and screw / the stud e and bottom bracket a move towards or rocede
from each other according to the direction in which is turned.
The arrangement in Fig. 7 may be reversed the screw being fixed to the sleeve v
instead of to the bottom bracket a and a boss formned or fixed on the bottom
bracket a instead of on the sleeve v.
It will be easily seen on reference to Fig. 7 that the four parts viz. the two
external screw threads on the screw and the nut respectively and the two internal
screw threads into which they enter can be so interchanged as to admit of two other
modifications of the arrangement; for the two internal screw threads may be formed
within bosses respectively on the sleeve v and the bottom bracket a and connected
together by two external screw threads passing into them formed upon each end of
one cylindrical piece of metal in the middle of which a disc of larger diameter is
formed for the purpose of rotating it. The other modification is obtained by
reversing this arrangement; that is to say the external threaded screws are formed
or fixed upon the sleeve v and bottom bracket a respectively and connected together
by a compound nut consisting of two nuts joined together having internal screw
threads of opposite hand to each other.
Referring to Fig. the mudguard x is secured by means of the bracket y and
two bolts only one of which is shown in the upper view, the other, only, being shown
in the lower view.
A method of securing the mudguard
two views of Fig. 9.
between the two back stays is shown in the
It will be observed that in securing the mudguard in the two places mentioned,
that is to the end of the back fork d₁ and to the back stay m, the remaining back fork
and back stay d, and m₂ can both be removed without disturbing the mudguard.
The easy removal of the back stay m, and back fork , offers a special advantage;
for by removing them the tyre of the back wheel can be taken off without disturbing
either the chain or any other part of the machine."
All that is necessary for this object is to remove the nut which secures the back
fork d, and back stay m₂ to the back hub spindle. Then lift the ends of the back
fork and back stay from off the spindle when, if the arrangement shown in Fig. 3 be
adopted, the back stay m, can be swung out of the way about the axis of the pin p.
And, if the arrangement shown in Fig. 8, and described later, be adopted the back.
fork d, can be swung out of the way about the axis of the stud c. If the arrangements
shown in Figs. 3 and 8 he not adopted it will then be necessary to loosen the two
nuts vis. 8 on the pin p and g on the stude which secure the ends of the back
stay m, and back fork d, to effect the same object.
In Fig. 8 a stepped washer or two washers of different diameters indicated by
h, and his or are placed upon the stud e the back fork end c, fitting over the
cylindrical portion h₂ of the stepped washer which is of sufficient width to allow of
the free oscillation of the back fork end between the collar h₁ and arm by, about the
axis of e, even when the nut g is firmly secured. A washer consisting of the parts s
and h, may be intercepted between h, and the arm b₂ for the purpose of giving a
better surface of contact. At h₁ two parallel flat surfaces upon the washer h₁ h₁ form
a midfeather which fits in the slot f₂ the washer h, h. being thereby permitted to have
a sliding motion only along the length of the slot.
Various methods may be adopted for securing e to the back fork end q.

page_text: In Fig. 1 the stud e and back fork end c, are formed in one piece.
In Figs. 5 and 6 the stud e is screwed into the back fork end c, and as a further
security the end of the stud may be riveted or be made to pass far enough through
the back fork end c, as to admit a lock-nut being screwed upon it tightly against the
back fork end c₁.
In Fig. 7 one end of the stud e is simply passed through a hole in c, and secured
by a nut, a small pin in the side of the stud, fitting into a corresponding recess in c₁,
preventing the stud e from turning round when the nut is screwed up.
Improvements in the Frame and Chain Adjustment for Cycles.
T, GEORGE HENRY NEDDERMAN, of 80, Coppice Street, Oldham, in the County of
Lancashire, Cycle Manufacturer and Engineer, late of 50 Pitt Street, Glodwick,
Oldham, in the County of Lancashire, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention will apply more particularly to a rear driven cycle the back wheel of
which is driven from the crank axle by means of two gear-wheels, one on the back
wheel hub and the other on the crank axle, the motion being transmitted from one
gear-wheel to the other by means of an endless chain which passes over them..
The drawings hereinafter reffered to will be those left with the Provisional
Specification.
A general idea of the arrangement will be understood from the following con-
siderations with respect to Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings.
In the two views shown in Fig. 1 a represents the bottom bracket of a cycle frame
and is provided with two arms b, and by.to which the ends c, and co of the back forks d₁
and d, respectively are secured hy the arrangement shown. The stud e is secured
firmly to the end c₁ of the back fork d, in a suitable manner, methods for that purpose
being hereafter described, and passes through slots, which are parallel and opposite to
each other, in the arms b, and b₂. In the upper of the two views in Fig. 1 the slots
are shown at f. In the lower view they are indicated by f₁ and f. More minutely,
the stud e passes through the slot f₁, thence through a sleeve v, the slot fg, the back fork
end c, the washer and the nut g which screws upon the end of it and when tightened
up fixes the position of the stud e with reference to the arms b₁ and b. The sleeve v
which is shown in section in the lower view of Fig. 1 prevents the arms b₁ and b
from being drawn towards each other when the nut 9 is tightened on to the
stud e.
It can easily be seen that the underlying principles of the arrangement permit of
various modifications. As an instance the sleeve v may be provided with two lugs
parallel to each other, and when in position projecting radially from the axis of stud e,
to which the back forks d₁ and d may be secured by brazing or otherwise, in which
case the sleeve v may be divided in two parts whose surfaces of contact are surfaces
of revolution about the axis of stud e, when in position, and which will thus allow the
two back forks to oscillate independent of each other about the axis of the stud or
bolt e.
In the lower view of Fig. 1 the sleeve v, arms b₁ and b₂, and bottom bracket a are
shown in section, the section being taken through the line A B shown in the upper

page_text: view. Also Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 represent views corresponding to the lower view in
Fig. 1 with regard to the section taken.
One of the principal objects of the arrangement shown in Fig. 1 is to provide
means for so controlling the movement of the stud e that, whilst retaining its axis
parallel to that of the crank axle i, it may be caused to move towards and recede
from that axis and thus, by imparting that movement to the back forks d, and d
whose outer ends (see Fig. 2) carry the axle and hub of the back wheel upon which
is mounted the back gear-wheel (not shown in Fig. 2), the respective axes of the
gear-wheel on the back hub and the gear-wheel on the crank axle may, whilst
remaining parallel to each other, be made to move towards or recede from each other
and thereby effect an adequate means for nicely adjusting the tightness of the chain
so as to obtain the most efficient working of the chain and gear-wheels.
:
By slightly slackening the nut g the arrangement shown in Fig. 1 permits of
the stud e sliding in the slots in the arms b, and b, in the required manner, referred
to in the previous paragraph, the movement being properly controlled by an adjust-
ing screw one end of which screws into a hole threaded for that purpose in the
bottom bracket; the other end, which is butted or turned larger in diameter than
the threaded portion, fitting into a recess in the sleeve v formed so as to permit of
the free revolution of the screw about its axis and to so hold the butted end that any
movement of the screw longitudinally, as it is screwed in or out of the bottom
bracket, is transmitted to the sleeve and thereby through the stud e, back forks d₁
and d, and so on to the gear-wheel on the back hub. A milled edged nut 7, locked
in position by a lock-nut m, may be placed upon the screw by means of which an
adjustment of the screw may be effected with the thumb and finger.
Fig. 2 represents two views of the hind portion of a cycle adapted to the appli-
cation of the arrangement shown in Fig. 1 but for clearness of description some of
the parts shown in Fig. 1 have been omitted. The position of the slots in b₁ and b₂
are by preference arranged so that the two extreme points, between which they
permit the axis of the stud e (see Fig. 1) to move, shall be equally distant from the
axis of the seat pin p the two equal distances here referred to being indicated by
and W
in Fig. 2. By this means the relative positions to each other of back
forks d₁ and do and back stays m₁ and m₂ will be very approximately maintained
whatever position the stud e mnay occupy in the slots in the arms b, and by. Thus a
mudguard which when secured would hold the back forks and back stays in a fixed
position relative to each other would not interfere with the freedom of motion of the
stud e along the slots in the arms b₁ and b₂. It follows, also, that by arranging the
position of the slots in the arms b, and b, as stated the stud e will move freely in
the slots without it being required to loosen the nuts which secure the back hub
spindle to the back forks and back stays as the whole structure of back forks, back
stays, back wheel and mudguard will swing together about the axis of the seat lug
pin p. The direction of ideal slots in b₁ and b, for the object just stated would be
circular curves concentric with the axis of the seat lug pin As, however, these
circular curves would be of large radius and the length of the slots small in com-
parison the slots may be made straight without any practical inconvenience the
straight form of the slot being probably the most suitable as it allows the screw k to
advance in a direct line.
In order to render it unnecessary to loosen the nut on the seat lug pin p, which
in Fig. 2 is shown of the ordinary type, when an alteration of the position of the
stud e in the slots is required, the pin p is made of a special form illustrated by
Fig. 3.
In addition to the usual button head p, a collar p, is forined upon it and
after the pin is passed through the back stay end n, and seat lug q the back stay
end n, with the stepped washer rare placed over the end of the pin the whole being
secured by means of the nut 8. It will be seen from this arrangement that if the
back stay ends n₂ and n, are made respectively slightly thinner than the widths of
the collar p, and that portion of r the stepped washer which has the smaller diameter
the seat lug can be tightened by means of the nut 8 without interfering with the
required swinging movement of the back stays about the axis of the pin p.

page_text: Other ineans for controlling the movement of the stud e along the slots in the
arms b₁ and b₂ are shown in Figs. 4, 5, 6 and 7.
In Fig. 4 the screw with nuts and m (in the arrangement of Fig. 1) are simply
reversed the head of the screw revolving in the bottom bracket a and the other end
screwing into the sleeve v.
In Fig. 5 the screw / may be fixed to the sleeve by screwing it into a hole made
in the side for its reception or by forming the sleeve vand the screw both in one
piece as in the Figure. The screw passes freely in the direction of its length:
through a plain cylindrical hole in the piece t formed on the arin b₁. The necessary
movement is imparted to the stud e by turning the milled edged nut which screws
upon and is guided between the two pieces and u which may be formed or fixed
in a convenient position to the bottom bracket or either or both of the arms b₁
and b
In the Fig. the two pieces t and 2 are formed upon the arm b₁.
In Fig. 6 the arrangement of Fig. 5 is reversed the screw being fixed to the
bottom bracket a and the arrangement for guiding the milled edged nut is effected
by the formation shown upon the sleeve v the part t having a circular hole, which
may require to be conical in form, for the reception of a portion of the nut formed
of a suitable shape to revolve within the hole in the part t.
In Fig. 7 the screw le and bottom bracket a are fixed together so as to form one
piece as in Fig. 6 the milled edged nut screwing upon it.
The milled edged nut in
this case has a boss, upon which an external screw thread is formed, which screws
into a larger boss formed upon the sleeve v. The external screw threads and con-
sequently the internal screw threads which fit upon them are of opposite hand to
each other; that is to say there is a right handed internal screw thread which fits
upon a right handed external screw thread and a left handed internal screw thread
which fits upon a left handed external screw thread. Therefore on turning the com-
bined nut and screw the stud e and bottom bracket a move towards or recede from
each other according to the direction in which is turned.
The arrangement in Fig. 7 may be reversed the screw being fixed to the sleeve v
instead of to the bottom bracket a and a boss formed or fixed on the bottom bracket a
instead of on the sleeve v.
It will be easily seen on reference to Fig. 7 that the four parts viz. the two external
screw threads on the screw and nut respectively and the two internal screw threads
into which they enter can be so interchanged as to admit of two other modifications
of the arrangement; for the two internal screw threads may be formed within bosses
respectively on the sleeve v and bottom bracket a and connected together by two
internal screw threads passing into them formned upon each end of one cylindrical
picce of metal in the middle of which a disc of larger diameter is formed for the
purpose of rotating it. The other modification is obtained by reversing this arrange-
inent; that is to say the external threaded screws are formed or fixed upon the
sleeve v and the bottom bracket a respectively and connected together by a compound
nut consisting of two nuts joined together having internal screw threads of opposite
hand to each other.
Referring to Fig. 1 it will be observed that the mudguard x is secured to one side
only of the frame work by means of a bracket y and two bolts. For clearness only
one view of each bolt is shown one bolt being shown in the upper view of Fig. 1 and
the other in the lower view. Referring, also, to Fig. 9 which illustrates a method of
securing the mudguard between the two back stays it will here be observed that the
mudguard is secured to one side only of the frame viz. one of the back stays to which
it is connected by means of a bracket and bolts. The brackets securing the mud-
guards in the two places referred to may be fixed to the back fork and back stay by
bolts, brazing or in any suitable or convenient manner.
It will be observed that in securing the mudguard in the two places referred to
that is near one end of the back fork d, and to the back stay m₁ the remaining
back fork and back stay d₂ and mg can both be removed without disturbing the
mudguard,

page_text: I
The easy removal of the back stay m, and back fork d, offers a special advantage,
for by removing then the tyre of the back wheel can be taken off without disturbing
either the chain or any other part of the machine.
All that is necessary for this object is to remove the nut which secures the back
fork d, and back stay ma to the back hub spindle. Then lift the ends of the back
fork and back stay from off the spindle when, if the arrangement shown in Fig. 3 be
adopted the back stay m, can be swung out of the way about the axis of the pin p.
And if the arrangement shown in Fig. 8, and described later, be adopted the back
fork d, can be swung out of the way about the axis of the stud c. If the arrangements
shown in Figs. 3 and 8 be not adopted it will then be necessary to loosen the two
nuts viz. 8 on the pin p and g on the stud e which secure the ends of the. back
stay m and back fork d₂ to effect the same object.
In Fig. 8 a stepped washer or two washers of different diameters indicated by h₁
and h, is or are placed upon the stud e the back fork end c, fitting over the
cylindrical portion h, of the stepped washer which is of sufficient width to allow of the
free oscillation of the back fork end between the collar and the arm b₁, about
the axis of e, even when the nut g is firmly secured. A washer consisting of the
parts h and h may be intercepted between 1 and the arm b₁ for the purpose of
giving a better surface of contact. At two parallel flat surfaces upon the
washer ha form a midfeather which fits in the slot f, the washer hy h, being thereby
permitted to have a sliding motion only along the length of the slot.
Various methods may be adopted for securing e to the back fork end c₁.
In Fig. 1 the stud e and back fork end c, are formed into one piece.
In Figs. 5 and 6 the stud e is screwed into the back fork end c, and as a further
security the end of the stud may be rivetted or be made to pass far enough through
the back fork end c₁ as to admit a lock-nut being screwed upon it tightly against the
back fork end c₁.
In Fig. 7 one end of the stud e is simply passed through a hole in c, and secured
by a nut; a small pin in the side of the stud, which fits into a corresponding recess on
the edge of the hole in c₁, preventing the stud e from turning round when the nut is
screwed up.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
clain is-
1. In a chain adjustment, in which one screw, only, is required to operate upon
both back forks d, and dy simultaneously, the arrangements described with reference to
Figs. 1 and 4 whereby the simple turning of a milled edged nut l, after loosening the
nut g, is all that is required to produce the necessary travel for chain adjusting
purposes.
2. In a chain adjustment, in which one nut, only, is required to operate upon both
back forks d and d₂ simultaneously, the arrangements described with reference to
Figs. 5 and 6 whereby the nut when turned by the thumb and finger is properly
controlled by the guiding portions t and u to produce upon the screw the necessary
travel required for chain adjusting purposes.
3. The arrangement, for simultaneous movement of both back forks, shown in
Fig. 7 for producing the required travel for chain adjusting purposes in a manner
substantially as described.
4. The modified forms of the arrangement described with reference to Fig. 7 for
producing the required travel for chain adjusting purposes substantially as set
forth.
5. The combination of the arms b₁ and by, the intercepting abutment piece v
and the fixing bolt or stude whereby the back forks are firmly secured substantially
as described.
6. The method, substantially as described, of securing the back fork d, against an
arm be by means of a screw bolt e which thus provides for the easy removal of said
back fork, whereby, as explained, the special advantage is obtained of being able to

page_text: remove the back tyre froin the wheel without disturbing the arrangement on the
chain or gear side of the machine.
7. A back fork do which, when one end is released from the back hub spindle, may
be swung about the axis of a cylindrical hole in the other end substantially as
described and for the purpose set forth.
8. Separately removable back forks d, and d₂ secured when in position in a manner
substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.
9. The means provided for connecting the mudguard to one side only of the frame,
viz. to back fork d₁ and back stay m₁, which thus provides for the easy removal of
back fork d₂ and back stay m, substantially as described and for the purpose set
forth.
Dated this 26th day of June 1899.