IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING PAPER
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Léopold D'Aubréville, of No. 60, Boulevart de Stras-
bourg, Paris, in the Empire of France, Civil Engineer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING PAPER."-A communication by Jules
Joseph Manecy, residing at Fures, near the Town of Tullins, Département
de l'Isère, France.
Sealed the 30th June 1865, and dated the 3rd January 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Léopold D'Aubréville
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd January 1865.
I, LEOPOLD D'AUBRÉVILLE, of No. 60, Boulevart de Strasbourg, Paris, in the
Empire of France, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING PAPER," (a communication by
Jules Joseph Manecy, a person resident at Fures, near the Town of Tullins,
Département de l'Isère, France,) to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the mode of drying up the endless sheet of paper
as it runs out of the pulp machine. The process used till now consists in
heating by steam hollow cast-iron cylinders, round which the sheet or web
is coiled; this plan is costly on account of the steam spent for that purpose,
and the paper thus dried up is not as tough as that dried in the open air
because, when running between the hot cast-iron cylinder and a sheet of felt
the paper is not allowed to shrink, but is forcibly extended by the pressure
it is submitted to.

page_text: My process consists in using a hot room or chamber into which the endless
web or sheet of paper is introduced and carried along by a special endless
chain which travels a distance of many yards within the said room or chamber;
the hot room or chamber is heated by hot air drawn out by a fan from the
furnace used for generating steam employed in the other departments of the
manufacture, the hot air being forced by the fan into the hot room or
chamber; the fire of the furnace must be made with coke, and not with any
kind of fuel producing smoke. The sheet or web of paper, perfectly dried
up, is then led out of the hot room through a suitable aperture, and is coiled
around a cylinder suitably disposed to receive it.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Léopold D'Aubréville in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 3rd July 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LEOPOLD
D'AUBRÉVILLE, of No. 60, Boulevart de Strasbourg, Paris, in the Empire of
France, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Leopold D'Aubréville, Her special license that I, the said Leopold
D'Aubréville, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Leopold D'Aubréville, my executors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING PAPER," a communication to me
by Jules Joseph Manecy, a person resident at Fares, near the Town of Tullins,
Department de l'Isère, France, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Leopold, D'Aubréville, executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, or under the hand and seal of one of them,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and im-
mediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Leopold D'Aubréville do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement in writing, and on reference to the accompanying Drawings.
This Invention relates to the mode of drying up the endless sheet of paper
as it runs out of the pulp machine. The process used till now consists in
heating by steam hollow cast-iron cylinders round which the sheet or web is
coiled; this plan is costly on account of the steam spent for that purpose,
and the paper thus dried up is not as tough as that dried in the open air,
because when running between the hot cast-iron cylinder and a sheet of felt
the paper is not allowed to shrink, but is forcibly extended by the pressure it
is submitted to.
My process consists in using a hot room or chamber, into which the endless
web or sheet of paper is introduced and carried along by a special endless
chain which travels a distance of many yards within the said room or
chamber; the hot room or chamber is heated by hot air drawn out by a fan
from the furnace used for generating steam employed in the other departments
of the manufacture; the hot air being forced by the fan into the hot room or
chamber; the fire of the furnace must be made with coke, and not with any
kind of fuel producing smoke. The sheet or web of paper, perfectly dried up
is then led out of the hot room through a suitable aperture, and is coiled
around a cylinder suitably disposed to receive it.
In the accompanying Sheet of Drawings Figure 1 is a side elevational view
of the apparatus according to this Invention; the drying chamber I, J, K, L,
is made of sheet iron, it is formed close at the top and sides, the width of it
being rather more than that of the paper machine close to which the drying
chamber is erected. Figure 2 is a sectional view taken on the line X, X, Y,
Y', Z, Z. Figure 1, C, is the hot air channel from the fan blower; the hot air
issues from this channel into the drying chamber at the bottom thereof, within
the drying chamber are a pair of double link pitch chains A, A, on each
side thereof, these chains are connected together by stays H, H, thus
forming an endless web of the width of the paper machine and travelling
in the direction indicated by the blue arrows passing under and taking.
into the teeth of the wheels R, R, and passing under and over and taking
into the teeth of the geared wheels at the extremities of the drums O, O,
O', O'; d, d, is the driving band from the engine which works the pulley
L" (Figure 2) mounted on the shaft or spindle, carrying also thereon the
geared wheels R, R, and the pulley L'; K', K', K', K', are the bands

page_text: working the drums M, M, on one end of the spindle or shaft of each of the
cylinders or drums D, D', around which the paper is coiled as it leaves the
drying chamber, which is provided with doors or valves P, P', to allow of the
getting in and out of the paper which, in the damp state in which it leaves
the paper machine, passes over the cylinder or drum D¹, and enters the drying
chamber at E, between the two friction rollers shewn at Figures 1 and 2,
and the end of the sheet is folded around and caused to be gripped by one of
the rods H, H, connecting the pair of pitch chains A, A, the paper is then
caused to travel through the drying chamber in the direction indicated by the
blue arrows, the series of rods H, H, forming a bed or bearing surface for
the paper, which upon reaching the opposite sides of the chamber to that ai
which it entered passes between the friction rollers at S and is coiled around
the cylinder or drum D completely dry.
The arrangement of drying chamber and mechanical parts just described,
and illustrated at Figures 1 and 2, is intended to be adapted for using, under
the conditions of the employment of hot air drawn direct from the furnace by
a fan blower in the manner herein-before described, but as this necessitates
as before stated (in order that the paper may not be tarnished) the feeding
of the furnace with non-smoke-producing fuel, I prefer in some cases instead
of drawing the hot air direct from the furnace, to employ cast-iron cylinders
placed in the furnace, alongside the boiler, atmospheric air being admitted
into these cylinders and being heated therein is withdrawn therefrom by a fan
blower and caused to pass as a current into the drying chamber, a transverse
sectional view illustrative of a drying chamber I, J, K, L, and mechanical
parts adapted to the carrying out this arrangement of apparatus according to
my Invention, is shewn at Figure 3; the hot air in this arrangement is
admitted into the chamber through the aperture C opposite the hollow cylinders
B, O, formed by preference of sheet iron, the sheet or web of paper passing
between these cylinders which are open at their ends and through which the
hot air circulates freely, the cylinders B, O, and the upper cylinders O', O',
run loose upon the spindles or shafts on which they are mounted, but the
upper rollers F are keyed on or otherwise secured to the shafts or spindles on
which they are mounted and driven, and are also suitably felted or clothed so
that the sheet or web of paper is pinched or pressed between them, and is
.carried along by them at a speed which may be modified by means of cones c,
c', actuating each other, and upon which the belt shewn at Figure 3 is shifted
as the shrinkage of the paper necessitates: the cones are actuated by a band
or belt passing over the pulley 1 attached to the cone c, which in turn actuates
.
เ

page_text: the cone c¹ fastened on the spindle or shaft of the cylinder F, the spindle or
shaft of which has also fastened thereupon a pinion i, taking into and driving
a similar pinion on the spindle or shaft of the cylinder O¹ so that the speed
of the cylinders F, O¹, may be modified as required.
In putting my Invention into practice I give preference to this last described
arrangement of apparatus.
Having now described the said Invention communicated to me by the
herein-before mentioned Jules Joseph Manecy, and having in the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings illustrated two of the modes or methods of putting the same
into practice, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself to the
exact details of the arrangements herein described and illustrated in the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings, so long as the general character thereof
is retained, but what I claim is,
First, the drying of the paper in the process of manufacturing it, by
using hot air in conjunction with the herein-before described mechanical parts
instead of steam, for the purpose of allowing of the shrinking of the sheets
which is thus attained in a more gradual and economical manner, and the
paper thus dried is also of a better quality than when steam is used as the
drying medium.
Second, drawing out by means of a fan blower hot air either from a
furnace or from special cylinders placed therein, the hot air being impelled by
the fan blower into a closed drying chamber through which the paper as it
leaves the drying machine is caused to travel in the manner and for the pur-
pose herein described.
Third, the use or employment of a closed drying chamber, a pair of
double link pitch chains connected together and travelling within such chamber
taking into the teeth of wheels R, R, and of those on the cylinder ends
as herein described and shewn in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, the
pair of chains thus connected together forming an endless web carrying upon
and with it the sheet of paper, which having passed through, and upon leaving
the drying chamber is taken up from the endless chain web and wound or
coiled around a cylinder.
Fourth, referring to the arrangement shewn at Figure 3, the use or em-
ployment for the purposes herein described of hollow cylinders by preference
made of sheet iron placed in the bottom of the drying chamber into and
through which hot air is propelled and caused to circulate by means of a fan
blower. And the use or employement in combination with such arrangement
of apparatus of binding or gripping cylinders or drums disposed in the upper

page_text: portion of the drying chamber. And also the means shewn at Figure 8 as
being employed for the purpose of modifying the speed of such upper cylinders
according to the shrinking of the paper.
In witness whereof, I, the said Leopold D'Aubréville, havo hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Twenty-third day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
Witness,
ED. D'AUBRÉVILLE.
L. D'AUBRÉVILLE. (L.S.)