IMPROVEMENTS IN CISTERNS, WATER-CLOSETS, URINALS, SINKS, WASTE-PREVENTERS, BATHS, AND IN PIPES, TRAPS, BENDS, AND IN APPLIANCES FOR VENTILATING THE SAME."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Jewell, of 18, Bartholomew Close, in the City of
London, in the County of Middlesex, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CISTERNS, WATER-CLOSETS, URINALS, SINKS, WASTE-PREVENTERS, BATHS, AND
IN PIPES, TRAPS, BENDS, AND IN APPLIANCES FOR VENTILATING THE SAME."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Jewell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th May 1880.
THOMAS JEWELL, of 18, Bartholomew Close, in the City of London, in the County
of Middlesex. ""IMPROVEMENTS IN CISTERNS, WATER-CLOSETS, URINALS, SINKS,
WASTE-PREVENTERS, BATHS, AND IN PIPES, TRAPS, BENDS, AND IN APPLIANCES
FOR VENTILATING THE SAME."
"
The object of this Invention is to improve the construction of washing basins,
urinals, water-closets, traps, pipes, ventilators, cisterns, valves, sinks, and parts
connected therewith and adapted thereto, rendering the system safer, more durable,
and less liable to escape of foul gas, leakage, and other defects, also securing
economical advantage. The materials to be used are intended to be of iron, stone-
ware, copper, lead, Spence's metal, or any other suitable and durable material.
By this Invention the case of joints of pipes, bends, or otherwise, I butt my joints
together with a knuckle joint, the pipes being stouter at the end, securing them by
doubly or trebly grooved flanges or socket ring of particular form in sinkage of
sockets as well as the end of the pipes for securing the metal joint. The joints are
formed by fixing a band in the centre of gutta-percha, indian-rubber, cotton fibre-
tube, bands of slag wool, or other material, and the outer sinkings or slots being so
prepared are filled with metal described above, forming the soundest of joints, and
rendering them free from leakage as well as the effects of frost when water is in
the pipes. These joints are much stronger and more economical than the ordinary
ones, and with lead piping no soldered joints are required. They are adapted for
pipes of any size, bends, or otherwise for any purpose. Each pipe can be removed
without the disturbance or cutting of the others, which is of great advantage and
of considerable importance.

page_text: In carrying out this Invention, when cast iron, Spence's metal, or other metal is
used, it may be preferable to produce better forms in basins, traps, and sinks to
make them in separate parts, giving easier and smoother shapings for ventilation
and discharge into pipe and trap, when the trap bend and connecting socket and
basin rims would be jointed as above described. The inlets for flushing or cleansing
receiver or basin by preference is placed at or near the front of basin, and about
four inches down at the back, just over the top of trapped portion, discharging at
or near the bottom, and not as usually fixed, having the lugs for spreading partly
open at the bottom, the basins or receivers having by preference depressed or
other formed bottoms. The receiver formed in closet basin will have a small flush
from separate steam or other cistern during the time of rising, by which means the
soil is carried off immediately. The flush may be charged with a deodorizing wash
or hot water.
. In this Invention the water-seals are so formed to immediately discharge through
the outer wall or otherwise, producing free ventilation, and the bottom of basin
seal is prepared to receive the safe under the closet, preventing an overflow. The
various sinks, gratings, and traps are so formed as to produce easy access for
cleaning, and are all freely ventilated in its arrangements and combinations for
effecting the ventilating of the water-closets, sinks, lavatories, baths, and other
parts, and is, by preference, taken to and carried up the outside of the building
through a vertical pipe or shaft above the building; and where closets are above
each other I take them into one uptake to ventilating cap, being first connected to a
down-flow pipe with reverse action cap fixed on the highest part of the same, thereby
securing an efficient current through all the pipes and parts connected.
drain and sewer traps are connected with the sewer in the ordinary way.
The outer
The ventilation from the sewer is taken up a separate shaft, which may or may
not be a heated shaft, with a regulated ventilator fixed at top, adapted to any size
pipe, and terminating in the open air, producing an up-draught for carrying the
gases and effluvia off.
The water closets, urinals, and wash basins are easily adapted for double sets
(and rendered inodorous) for use of schools or other buildings. These improvements
are specially advantageous where a number of double closets are required in
continuation. The supply to the water-closet basins, urinals, or otherwise is so
formed as to produce a supply or flushing over and cleansing the whole surface.
The water is supplied from service cistern in one or two compartments, and when
hot water is used for supply or flushing a separate cistern will be fixed in suitable
position for supply or flush. The supply cistern is composed of two compartments
having just the capacity of holding what is required for one flushing from each
compartment. In the bottom part of these comnartments is fixed a double union
junction, in which is fixed a syphon-bend in connection with the supply pipe to the
basins. The service pipe to the basin or closet being thus connected the other end
of syphon is brought nearly close to the bottom of supply cistern, and a service
box is fixed in the main cistern with an one inch and a half supply (or where a
constant supply is used direct from the main), which is charged with a sufficient
quantity to set the syphon in motion by simply lifting the handle from the seat
(but in some instances I prefer a clack valve). This produces a rapid flush, and at
the same time the ball is held in position until the contents are discharged, when it
drops, and the compartments are again charged. The ball valve is so arranged as
to regulate the supply required, and the fulcrum of the upper lever is so regulated
as to produce the flow in syphon through throttle or other valve. The supply .to
the closet receiver during the time of using from hot water cistern will be regulated
from the door and flap of seat by levers or cranks, the door acting on the levers in
a way to at once close down the flap of closet on every opening of the doors, so
that the flap will only be up at the time of using. This so acts on the valve in
cistern, causing a gentle flow of wash during the time of using. An overflow pipe
is provided froin all the safes from the various places.
The basins of closets are by preference oval, but in some cases may be round,

page_text: The receiver in basin or urinal in some cases is preferred separate, and made to tip
its contents into the water seal, at the same time being supplied and thoroughly
flushed as before described. The double closets or sets will be so prepared as to
cause an immediate action from the supply cistern by the flap of seat trapping or
closing as before described.
The ventilators are formed of the required size of strips of slag wool cemented,
iron, zinc, earthenware, glass, or any suitable materials. In each of the sides one,
two, three, or more openings are made, some bending inward in the form of a
louvre or other form alternately at the side for the influx of fresh air, driving the
noxious gases to the terminal and diffusing to the open air. The upper cap of
terminal is prepared sliding, up and down four to twelve inches or more. The
traps and ventilators are also arranged that no noxious gas from the sewer can
enter the house drains, and a supply of fresh air is secured to water closets and
baths or any places required. All gratings and openings are of easy access for
cleansing purposes.
The Invention is without mechanical intricacy, and is combined with simplicity
of action, economy, efficiency, and thorough substantiality.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Thomas Jewell in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 20th November
1880.
THOMAS JEWELL, of 18, Bartholomew Close, in the City of London, in the County
of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CISTERNS, WATER CLOSETS, SINKS, WASTE
PREVENTERS, AND IN PIPES, TRAPS, BENDS, AND IN APPLIANCES FOR VENTILATING
THE SAME."
The object of this Invention is to improve the form of water closet basins, traps,
pipes, ventilators, and connections thereto, and when iron is used instead of
earthenware, delf, or other material an economical process of coating is adopted to
prevent corrosion of the iron and freezing in the traps or other parts. This process
is to consist in forming a coat of black oxide on all the iron work, and then coating
the same with Spence's or other effective metal. In some cases I use an enamel
inside of very close texture or double pipes charged between the two with Spence's
metal or vulcanized fibre pipo.
Thus corrosion and freezing are prevented, and on this account, as well as for its
durability and economy, preference is given to iron, but in some cases it may be
better to use carthenware, glass, or other durable material, and for basins and traps
Spence's metal may be preferable.
By this Invention, in the case of joints of pipes, bends, or otherwise, I butt my
joints together with a knuckle joint, the pipe being shorter at the ends, securing
them by doubly or trebly grooved flanges or socket ring of particular form in
sinkage of sockets as well as the end of the pipes for securing the metal joint. The
joints are formed by fixing a band of gutta percha, or india rubber, cotton fibre
tube, bands of slag wool, or other material in the centre, and the outer sinkings or
slots being so prepared are filled with metal described above, forming the soundest
of joints, and rendering them free from leakage as well as from the effects of frost
when water is in the pipes.
The joints are much stronger and more economical than the ordinary ones, and
with lead piping no soldered joints are required. They are adapted for pipes of
any size, bends, or otherwise, for any purpose; each pipe can be removed without
the disturbance or cutting of the others, which is a great advantage and of
considerable importance. In carrying out the Invention, when cast iron, Spence's
metal, or other metal is used, it may be preferable to produce better forms to make
them in separate parts, giving easier and smoother shapings for ventilation, the
discharge into trap and pipe, when the trap bend and connection and basin rims
would be jointed, as above described.
The inlets for flushing and cleansing receiver or basin by preference is placed at
or near the front of basin, and about four inches down at the back, discharging at or
near the bottom, and not as usually fixed, the lugs for spreading partly open at
the bottom, the basin having by preference depressed or other form of bottom.
The receiver formed in closet basin will have a small flush from separate steam
or other cistern during the whole time of using, by which means the soil is carried
off immediately. The flush may be charged with a deodorizing wash or hot water.
The water seal is so formed as to immediately discharge through the outer wall,
producing free ventilation, and the bottom of basin seal is prepared to receive the
safe under the closet, thus preventing an overflow. The water closets, urinals, and
wash basins are also easily adapted for double sets (rendered inodorous) for use of
schools or other buildings, and these improvements are specially advantageous
where a number of double closets are required in continuation. The supply to the
water closet basins, urinals, or otherwise is so formed as to produce a flushing over
and cleansing the whole surface. The water is supplied from cisterns in the usual way

page_text: or by waste preventers or hot water after flush, the supply pipe to have a ball cock
or other self acting valve arranged so as to shut the water off at a certain height.
When the desired quantity of water is supplied to the water closet basin or other
place the ball cock or other self acting valve opens and admits a fresh supply which
rises until the valve or cock is closed.
It is also made self acting either by pull up handle with cranks, levers, or valves
acted on from seat, floor, door, or otherwise. An overflow pipe may be provided.
The basins of closets are by preference of an oval shape, but may in some cases be
round. A container is formed at bottom for receiving the soil in such a way that
the flush, when used, will perfectly cleanse the receiver, discharging immediately
through water seal or traps down the soil pipe.
At the end of the receiver I have a self closing door in preference to having this
part open, but this is not at all times applied. The receiver in the basin or urinal
in some cases is preferred separate and made to tip its contents into the water seal,
at the same time being thoroughly flushed. All safes are so prepared as to prevent
an overflow.
The ventilators are so formed of the required size of strips of slag wool cemented,
In each of the sides one,
iron, zinc, earthenware, glass, or any suitable material.
two, three, or more openings are made, some bending inward in the form of a
louvre or their form, alternately at the side for the influx of fresh air, driving the
The upper cap of
noxious gases to the terminal and diffusing to the open air.
terminal is prepared sliding up and down forward to 12 inches or more.
The traps and ventilators are also arranged so that no noxious gas from the sewer
can enter the house drains, and a supply of fresh air is secured to water closets and
baths or any places required. All gratings and openings are of easy access for
cleansing purposes.
The Invention is without mechanical intricacy, and the fittings in all their parts
are contrived and arranged with a view to economy and thorough substantiality.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention I will proceed to describe
more particularly in what manner the same is to be performed by the aid of the
accompanying Drawings, in which similar letters denote similar parts.
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of one form of my improved watercloset; a is the
pan; b is the soil pipe; c is the valve, which is actuated by the handle or lever d;
e is a ball valve which rises and lets off the water when it rises too high in the
pan, and afterwards closes to prevent foul air entering the pan; fis a pipe leading
to the outer air, thus forming a means of ventilating the drain and preventing any
pressure arising, so preventing foul air entering the closet through the trap.
Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of another form of my improved water closet; a is
the pan; b, the soil pipe forming an ordinary trap; y is a lever attached to the door
which actuates another lever h, the latter lever being connected to a cock or valve
in connection with the pipe r. The use of this pipe is to inject into that part of
the pan marked s a small quantity of deodorizing fluid after the pan has been
flushed in the ordinary manner.
Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation of another form of my improved water closet; and
Fig. 4 is an external elevation of Fig. 3 at right angles thereto; i (Figs. 2, 3, and 4)
is the flushing port.
Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation of another form of closet pan on my improved
plan.
Fig. 6 is a sectional elevation of my improved sink, which will be readily
understood from the Drawing, being a suitable india rubber or other ball valve,
which allows the water to pass away and prevents air from returning to the sink ;
k is the grating, which is removable for cleansing purposes.
The pipe fin each of the above Figures is arranged to ventilate the drains and
relieve all pressure of air upon the water in the traps, and these ventilators are by
preference carried up to the top of the building, where the improved apparatus is
fixed.
Figs. 7 and 8 are elevations; and Figs, 9, 10, and 11 are sectional elevations of

page_text: the terminals of ventilating pipes; Figs. 7, 8, 9, and 11 are for an updraught;
and Fig. 10 is for causing a downdraught.
Figs. 12, 13, and 14 represent three forms of pipe joints, herein before described,
and which Figures fully explain the mode of forming junctions; Fig. 15 is a cross
section of Fig. 13 drawn to a larger scale.
Figs. 16 and 17 represent 2 forms of urinals in which the flushing is controlled
by metallic or other flaps or deflectors m which carry the water into annular
perforated rings as shewn.
Fig. 18 is a sectional elevation of a street gully or sink, which may be
constructed either with or without the additional trap n; and f is the ventilating
pipe.
Figs. 19 and 20 represent sectional elevations of other forms of gullies or
sinks o, Fig. 20 being a junction, and f the ventilating pipe.
Fig. 21 is a sectional elevation of my improved ventilating wall grating with
perforations at p, p, as shewn, for admitting air without creating uncomfortable
draughts.
Fig. 22 represents a portion of a bath fitted in accordance with my Invention.
Instead of using the ordinary lifting valve at t I have a neat grating, below which
there is fitted an ordinary through-way cock, which cock is actuated by means of
the handle or lever q; fis the ventilating pipe.
Having now described and ascertained the nature and object of my said
improvements I declare that what I claim and desire to be secured to me by
Letters Patent is,-
-
The application of black oxide, either with or without the addition of Spence's
metal, for the purposes described, the forms and arrangements of apparatus, and
the application of such apparatus, severally to the purposes and in the manner
substantially and particularly hereinbefore described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Jewell, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twentieth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
TH. JEWELL. (L.S.)