Improvements in or relating to Ploughs.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Jan., 1893-Accepted, 10th June, 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Ploughs.
I, PEDRO CHIESA, of Rosario de Santa Fe, Argentine Republic, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to a new removable and reversible share or share blade,
which may be fitted to any kind of plough and the indisputable superiority of these
shares over others which have been used, up to the present time, has been repeatedly
proved, in many practical trials which have been made for the purpose of comparison
on the same ground.
This new share is entirely different from the old-fashioned and superannuated
system now in use, of shares made in one piece, or fixed. It consists of two
essential parts: the counter-share, and the share-blade provided with two sharp
points, and which can be turned at pleasure according to the requirements of the
work, as will be seen from the following description.
These two pieces united by their screws and other complementary parts, form the
new universal plough-share which by modifications of the dimensions of its
respective parts can be adapted to any kind of plough whatever the size and
number of shares and breasts which pertain to it.
This facility of reversing the blade and of adjusting the new share to any kind
of plough are the novel and characteristic features of the present invention.
It must be understood that although in this description and the accompanying
drawings I have only given three patterns of share to serve as my technical
demonstration this does not mean that my invention is limited exclusively to these.
In the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1 is a view of the external face (when once the share has been adjusted to
the plough) of the universal ploughshare armed with its reversible blade with two
points and double-edged, in its normal position and ready for use.
Fig. 2 is an end or perspective view of the same share in the same position.
The details of the different pieces which make up the whole of the said share, are
as follows,
A is the reversible share-blade with double points and edge made of steel or of
other suitable metal. B is the counter-share made of two pieces B B' in juxta-
position or of one piece B only. C are holes to receive the screws which adjust
the said share and fix it to the plough. D is an extra strengthening piece of hard
steel or of other suitable material, fastened by screws T and whose office is to
prevent the too rapid wearing out of the anterior edge of the share. E are screws
which fasten the reversible blade to the counter-share. It is to be understood that
the number of these screws varies with the dimensions of the new share and the
size of the plough to which it is attached.
J is a bevel formed on the lower part of the counter-share which fills an
important place in the apparatus for the blade rests against this bevel thereby
greatly increasing the resistance of the share when it is in use. The size of this
bevel is proportioned to that of the counter-share and varies in its length according
to circumstances.
Fig. 3 is a view of the inner side of the new apparatus (when the share is in
position). A is the share-blade, B the counter-share, Bi Figs. 1 and 2 the
strengthening piece of the counter-share B, but it should be noticed that although
these two pieces appear in Figure 2 as placed in juxtaposition and united by screws,
they may also as has already been stated, be made of one piece. F is the lip

page_text: commonly used in all shares. The other letters refer to parts similar to those
already explained.
Fig. 4 is an end or perspective view of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a view of the outer side of the share already in its place and somewhat
modified in form.
Fig.
is an end or perspective view of Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a view of the inner side of the share already in its place as represented
in Fig. 5.
Fig. 8 is an end or perspective view of Fig. 7.
Fig. 9 is a view of the outer side of the same share as represented in Fig. 7 and
Fig. 10 is another view of the same.
Fig. 11 is a view of the inner face of the share already in position and somewhat
modified in form and Fig. 12 is an end or perspective view of the same share.
Fig. 13 is a view of the share-blade alone, and as may be seen this blade has two
sharp points which may be successively turned each in the place of the other
whenever one of the edges is worn, thus presenting the other edge alternately to
the work, while the first already inverted and reversed occupies the back part of
the share and is automatically sharpened in this position, so that the two sharp
points can thus be indefinitely alternated, each passing successively at every turn
from the front to the back of the share and vice versa without any interruption of
their activity.
Fig. 14 represents one of the adjusting screws of the share and Fig. 15 represents
the tool necessary for putting together and taking apart the pieces of the share,
and which can be used as a wrench, a screw-driver, and a cleaner of the said share.
Finally Fig. 16 is a view showing the thickness of the blade which always bears the
same invariable proportion to the dimensions of the blade, be they what they may.
The function of the share of a plough is so well known that it is needless to enter
into details. The share can be applied by means of screws, the number of which
varies according to circumstances, and according to the dimensions of the same, to
any plough breast or foot, and works like an ordinary share with this notable
difference, that whereas other shares only consist of one piece and are fixed, the
share before described on the contrary can be taken to pieces its two points
alternately reversed and when again used with the points thus reversed, it may
continue to be worked as long as necessary, without the slightest loss of time.
The before described universal share has many advantages of which the following
are the three most remarkable.
First. With ordinary shares made of a single piece of metal, the ploughman is
obliged after two days' work at the outside to remove his share from the plough
and carry it to the smith to have it sharpened, and as the smith sometimes lives at a
great distance from the place where the ploughman works the latter loses a
considerable amount of time in going to and fro. The smith however may spoil
his share in his endeavour to sharpen it, for very few smiths can perform this
operation which. is a delicate one. Thus it is that the use of the fixed share
inevitably causes great prejudice and continually repeated expense at intervals of
two days.
It has already been seen that nothing of the sort happens with the before
described ploughshare. In the first place this share will work for four consecutive
days without interruption and in the second, when the first edge is blunted, instead
of losing a whole day in finding a smith and risking besides having the ploughshare
spoiled altogether, the ploughman simply unscrews the blade A, reverses it and
continues his work without any appreciable loss of time. When the second edge
becomes blunted the ploughman repeats the operation of reversing the blade A the
points of which are therefore alternately at the fore and hind part of the share, so
that while the former is working and becoming blunted the latter is being
automatically sharpened and the ploughshare is always ready for use.
Secondly. The new share which practically does from five to ten times as much
work as the ordinary fixed shares, has also this inestimable advantage that its

page_text: dimensions can be modified and it can be adapted to any kind of plough whatever
be the size and shape of the latter, which cannot be said of the present system.
Thirdly. The extra strengthening piece D preferably of hard steel and the
bevel J intentionally made on the lower part of the countershare B are two novel
improvements, no less important, producing as they do, in the new ploughshare
such solidity and durability that not one of the shares in use at present can compare
with it in economy of labour and of time, in strength and durability, in rapidity and
perfection of working.
The blade may be varied in its size according to the dimensions of the share and
of the plough to which it is applied and it may be formed in one piece with the
countershare or else composed of two or more pieces joined together by screws and
leaving the bevel perfectly smooth on its exterior surface and level with the blade
and counter share.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is,
1. A counter share provided at its fore part with a separate or integral portion
of hard steel (or other suitable material).
2. A double-ended share blade adjustable and reversible by means of screws
whose number varies according to the size of the blade countershare and plough to
which the share is applied.
3. A bevelled counter share substantially as described upon which the share
blade is mounted.
4. The combination tool substantially as described and illustrated in Figure 15
of the accompanying drawings which serves to put together and take apart the
portions of the share and to adjust and clean the share according to circumstances.
5. The combination with a plough of the adjustable share and reversible share
blade substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
6. A ploughshare consisting of a counter share provided at its fore part with a
separate or integral portion of hard steel or equivalent and bevelled at its lower
edge and a double-ended reversible share blade secured to the countershare by
screws substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
7. A double ended or reversible share blade for ploughs substantially as
described.
8. The employment on a plough of a reversible share blade substantially as
described.
9. Automatically sharpening a share blade by drawing it through the soil of
ground when attached to a plough in a reversed position.
10. A reversible share blade one end of which is automatically sharpened by the
friction of the soil or ground upon it at the same time as the other end is employed
in cutting up the soil or ground.
11. In a ploughshare the combination with a counter share of a double-ended
and reversible share blade substantially as described.
12. In a ploughshare the combination with a counter share and reversible share
blade of a strengthening piece substantially as described.
13. In a plough the combination with a counter share having a bevelled lower
edge of a double-ended and reversible share blade having a bevelled upper edge
substantially as described.
14. A complete ploughshare constructed substantially as described and illustrated
In the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 23rd day of January 1002
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Of London, Liverpool, Manchester, and Nottingham,
Agents for the Applicant.