IMPROVEMENTS IN COPYING OR REPRODUCING VIEWS FROM NATURE AND OTHER OBJECTS, AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREIN.
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Kershaw and Job Joseph Kershaw, both of Sheffield,
in the County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN COPYING OR
REPRODUCING VIEWS FROM NATURE AND OTHER OBJECTS, AND IN THE
APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREIN.'
"
Sealed the 15th April 1879, and dated the 22nd October 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Kershaw and Job
Joseph Kershaw at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd
October 1878.
WILLIAM KERSHAW and JOB JOSEPH KERSHAW, both of Sheffield, in the County
of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN COPYING OR REPRODUCING VIEWS FROM NATURE AND
OTHER OBJECTS, AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Our Invention has for its object enabling inexperienced' and other persons to take
copies of views from nature and other objects with facility, and it consists in the
employment for this purpose of a box having a lens at one end and a sheet of clear
glass at the opposite end, on which latter a sheet of tracing paper or other trans-
parent paper or material is held or secured.
The view of the object to be copied or reproduced is projected by the lens on to
the glass, and traced in an inverted position by means of a pencil or other con-
venient instrument on to the sheet of tracing or other transparent paper or material
employed as before mentioned, or an additional lense may be used whereby
the object is reflected so as to be traced in its natural position on to the tracing or
other transparent paper or material.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Kershaw and Job Joseph Kershaw in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 22nd April 1879.
WILLIAM KERSHAW and JOB JOSEPH KERSHAW, both of Sheffield, in-the-County
of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN-COPYING OR REPRODUCING VIEWS FROM NATURE AND
OTHER OBJECTS; AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Our said Invention has for its object enabling inexperienced and other persons to
-take-copies of views from nature and other objects with facility, and it consists in
the employment for this purpose of a box having at one end a lens-or lenses, and
at the opposite end a sheet or pane of clear glass, on which latter a sheet or piece
of tracing paper or other transparent paper or material is held or secured.
The view of the object to be copied or reproduced is projected by the lens-or
lenses on to the glass, and traced by means of a pencil or other convenient instru-
ment on to the sheet of tracing or other transparent paper or material employed as
before mentioned. When a single lens is used the view of the object.as projected
upon the glass and traced on the tracing or other transparent paper or material is
in an inverted position, but by the employment of an additional lens the view of
the object is again inverted so as to be projected and traced in its natural position
on the tracing or other transparent paper or material.
And in order that our said Invention may be fully understood, we shall now proceed
more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to the several
Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings, the same letters of reference indicating
corresponding parts in all the Figures.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings represents a longitudinal section of an
apparatus constructed according to our said Invention for copying or reproducing
views from nature and other objects by the aid of a single lens; Figure 2 is a trans-
verse section; Figure 3 is a horizontal section; and Figure 4 is a perspective view
of the same; Figure 5 represents a longitudinal section of an apparatus of similar
construction, but fitted with an additional lens; Figures 6 and 7 are vertical
sections taken at right angles the one to the other, illustrating the manner in
which the parts constituting the box may be folded together and packed in order
to render the apparatus conveniently portable.
Referring to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, A is the box, which is fitted at one end with a
lens B, and at its opposite end is closed by a sheet of clear glass C, over which a sheet
of tracing paper D (for example) may be held or secured. The view of the object
to be copied or reproduced (as for example the flower a, Figure 4) is projected by
the lens B on to the glass C in an inverted position, and traced by means of a
pencil or other convenient instrument on to the sheet of tracing paper D.
When it
is desired that the view of the object should be projected on to the glass for tracing
in its natural position, an additional lens may be used as shewn at B' in Figure 5,
whereby the required correction is obtained.
When a box is used of the construction shewn-in-the-Drawings, the parts thereof
are so fitted as to admit of their being folded together or packed for the con-
venience of carriage in a manner which will be understood on reference to Figures
6 and 7.
The top b, Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, is first removed, and the lens or lenses with
the holder c having been detached from the end d, the latter is removed, as also the
glass end C, and these two last-mentioned parts are laid in the top 6 and secured
therein by a button f. The sides g, h, which are hinged to the bottom i are then
turned down in succession, and the two parts.b, i, are connected together by
bayonet fastenings k, k.
The box may however be modified in construction according to circumstances.
For example, the box may be made so as to be susceptible of contraction and
extension after the manner of an ordinary camera obscura in order to afford

page_text: facilities for adjusting the focus, or it may be constructed in any other convenient
manner.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said Inven-
tion and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into effect,
we would observe in conclusion that what we consider to be novel and original, and
therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is,―
Copying or reproducing views from nature and other objects by the employment
of a box having a leus or lenses at one end, and a sheet or pane of clear glass at
the opposite end, the view of the object to be copied or reproduced being projected
by the lens or lenses on to the glass, and traced on to tracing paper or other
transparent paper or material held or secured over the glass, substantially as herein-
before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Kershaw and Job Joseph Kershaw,
have to this our Specification set our hands and seals, this Twelfth day of
April, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.
WILLIAM KERSHAW.
(L.S.)
JOB JOSEPH KERSHAW. (L.S.)