IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF SCREW HOOKS, SCREW-PEOS, SCREW RINGS AND PLATE RINGS"
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Sidney William Richards and James Arthur Richards
both of Birmingham in the county of Warwick Manufacturers for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF
SCREW HOOKS, SCREW-PEOS, SCREW RINGS AND PLATE RINGS"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Sidney William Richards
and James Arthur Richards at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on
the 30th July 1883.
SIDNEY WILLIAM Richards and JAMES ARTHUR RICHARDS both of Birmingham
in the County of Warwick. Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OR PRODUCTION OF SCREW-HOOKS, SCREW-PEGS, SCREW-RINGS AND PLATE RINGS."
Our invention has reference, as hereinafter described, to the production_of
Screw-hooks, Screw-pegs, and screw and plate rings for various purposes; such for
example as; Screw-hooks, cup-hooks, lamp-hooks, watch-hooks, coat hooks,
wardrobe-hooks, venetian blind-hooks, screw-pegs, hat-pegs, picture-rings, terret-
rings and drawer pulls.
By our invention the aforesaid articles are much simplified in the processes of
their manufacture, and the articles, produced are stronger and more durable than
books and rings made by the ordinary methods of manufacture.
I will first describe my invention as applied to a Screw-hook.
In the ordinary method of producing screw-hooks, the stem and screw parts are
connected together by a cup or collar, closing around the adjacent heads, on the
respective ends of the said stem and screw described; or the said hooks are formed
entirely out of one length of the same metal.
According to our invention or method of manufacture, we take an iron rod, or a
piece of iron wire of the desired length to form both the stem or hook and the
shank or screw of the screw-hook to be formed; one end of the said rod or wire is
is then wormed or screwed, and upon the other or plain end, a thin tubular casing
or covering (separately formed) of Brass, or other suitable metal, is drawn or
threaded thereon; that is to say; the Brass casing entirely covers the iron stem or
rod which is to form the stem of the hook. At the junction of the casing with the

page_text: iron base described, a thick metal washer is closed both upon the end of the Brass
casing or tube, and upon the iron basis or rod, forming the collar of the screw-
hook, the said collar is affixed by its metal being forced into notches or depressions
in the hook at the junction of the casing with the rod. There is thereby produced,
a composite screw-hook having its stem or book part entirely covered or cased
with Brass, while its shank or screw part is left bare or uncovered, the collar
concealing the end of the casing.
By the above process of manufacture a screw-hook is produced having the
appearance of a Brass-hook; with an iron screw, the hook produced is both
stronger and more durable than screw-hooks heretofore manufactured or
produced.
1.
Or the covering of the stem may be effected by drawing a metal blank directly
upon the iron core, to the extent as before-described, by suitable-drawing through
tools.
'The terminal ends of the hooks or stems are rounded by tools, and the stems
bent into hook or other like forms.
:
Or the said screw hooks may be produced from what is known in Commerce as
cased rods, or wire, which is cut to the desired length, the end to form the shank
is wormed or screwed; the worming operation, strips or cuts away the metal casing,
and thereby exposes the iron base, while the stem end. to form the hook, is left
unoperated upon. The collar is closed as before-described, around the junction
of the casing and the exposed iron base; the end of the stem or hook may be
covered by a cap if required.
Or the before 'described casing may be produced by coating the iron stem with
molten metal by the process of dipping, and afterwards operated upon by drawing
through and planishing tools in order to produco a perfectly even and uniform
_surface-to-the-hook-to-be made, tho-collar-may-be attached-during-the-process-of
dipping, above-described.
My invention consists further in producing screw-rings, by taking an iron scrow
with an enlarged or bulbus head, and afterwards casing the said head with. a.sheet
metal cap or covering, and closing a washer (to form the collar) around and
covering or embracing both the edges of the cap and the stem of the screw, and
thereby fixing the cap or covering to the head. a holo is afterwards pierced through
the said head and casing for the passage of the ring.
Or wo first close a collar around the neck of an iron screw, and afterwards cover
both the head of the screw, and the collar described by a sheet metal cap, the
edges of the said cap being gathered under the collar.
When the head of the screw has a shoulder formed next to its shank or stem,
the edges of the cap are turned under the said shoulder and the collar closed upon
the stem below, adjacent to the gathered-in edges described.
A shank may
pass if desirable through the top of the cap, when so used, no piercing of the head
is required.
Our invention consists further in producing plate-rings, or rings in which the
screw do not form a permanent part thereof.
A sheet metal cup with a contracted or gathered-in mouth, is raised from sheet
metal, this cup forms the head, and is attached to its base plate, by passing the
contracted mouth through a suitably shaped opening, and clenched or turned over
on its underside, the head is pierced for the ring to pass through, while the plate
has holes for loose screws to pass through
Or the said plate-ring may be made by bending up at its middle, or narrow part
a cruciform blank, which forms the eye or loop, through which the ring passes, and
also the base plate of the plate ring to be formed

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Sidney William Richards and James Arthur Richards in the
Patent Office on the 30th January 1884.
SIDNEY WILLIAM RICHARDS and JAMES ARTHUR RICHARDS, both of Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers, "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OR PRODUCTION OF SCREW-HOOKS, SCREW-PEGS, SCREW-RINGS AND PLATE-RINGS."
Our invention has reference, as herein-after described, to the production of screw-
hooks, screw-pegs, and screw and plate-rings for various purposes; such for example,
as screw-hooks, cup-hooks, lamp-hooks, watch-hooks, coat-hooks, wardrobe-hooks,
Venetian-blind-hooks, screw-pegs, hat-pegs, picture-rings, terret-rings and drawer-
pulls.
By our invention, the processes of the manufacture-of the aforesaid articles is
simplified, and the articles produced are stronger and more durable than hooks and
rings made by the ordinary methods of manufacture.
We will first describe our invention as applied to a screw-hook.
In the ordinary methiod of producing screw-hooks, the stem and scrow parts are
connected together by a cup or collar closing around the adjacent heads on the
respective ends of the said stem and screw described; or the said hooks are formed
entirely out of one length of the same metal.
According to our invention, or method of manufacture, we take an iron rod or a
piece of iron wire of the desired length to form both the stem or hook, and the
shank or screw of the screw-hook to be formed; one end of the said rod or wire is
then wormed or screwed, and upon the other or plain end, a thin tubular casing or
covering (separately formed) of brass or other suitable metal is drawn or threaded
and fixed thereon; that is to say, the brass casing entirely covers the iron stem or
rod, which is to form the stem of the hook. At the junction of the casing with the
iron base described, a thick metal washer is closed both upon the end of the Brass
casing or tube, and upon the iron base or rod, the said washer forming the collar
of the screw-hook; the said collar is affixed by its metal being forced into notches
or depressions in the hook at the junction of the casing with the rod. There is
thereby produced a composite screw-hook, having its stem or hook part entirely
covered or cased with brass, while its shank or screw part is left bare or uncovered,
the collar concealing the end of the casing. Figure 1 represents the partly plain
and partly wormed or screwed rod; Figure 2 represents the thin metal casing or
covering C to be affixed to the plain part A, of the rod A, B; Figure 3 represents
in section the partly made screw-hook, after the casing or covering C has been
drawn or fixed thereon, and the washer or collar D affixed at the junction of the
casing C and screwed or wormed part B, by a pair of closing tools, the metal of the
washer or collar D being by preferenco forced by the closing operation into notches
or depressions in the metal base A. The collar D conceals the junction of the metal
casing C, with the screwed or wormed part B. The end C³ of the cased part A, C,
being bent at right angles to the other part, the screw-hook is complete, as repre-
sented in Figure 4. By this process of manufacture, a screw-hook is produced,
having the appearance of a brass hook with an iron screw; the hook produced is
both stronger and more durable than screw-hooks hereto-fore manufactured or

page_text: produced. Figure 5 represents a screw-hook called a cup-hook; Figure 6 a watch-
hook, and Figure 7 a lamp-hook, made according to our invention by the process
herein-before described with respect to the screw-hook Figure 4. In the said
Figures 5, 6. and 7, the cased end of the rod from which the hook proper is made,
is marked C; the collar is marked D, and the wormed end of the rod is marked B.
In the lamp-hook Figure 7, a plain part A" is left between the cased part C, and
the worm B. In making a wardrobe-hook, the cased part does not extend to the
extreme end of the rod, the uncased end E being screwed for receiving the terminal
knob F as represented in the partly made wardrobe-hook, and complete wardrobe-
hook in Figure 8. Or the covering of the stem may be effected by drawing a metal
blank directly upon the iron core to the extent herein-before described, by suitable
drawing through tools, instead of taking a tube already drawn and fixing it upon
the rod or core. The terminal ends of the hooks or stems are rounded by tools, and
the stems bent into hooks or other like forms.
Or the said screw-hooks may be produced from what is known in commerce as
cased rods or cased wire which are or is cut to the desired length. The end of the
length to form the shank is wormed or screwed, the worming operation stripping
or cutting away the metal casing, and thereby exposing the iron base, the stem
end to form the hook, being left unoperated upon. Figure 9 represents in section,
a cased rod or wire which we use in making a screw-hook, according to. this
modification; the cased rod or wire being cut into lengths or pieces at G. G. G.
Figure 10 represents the cased length after the worm B has been made upon it,
and the wormed part stripped of its covering. The collar is closed around the
junction of the casing C and the exposed iron base, and the covered portion C bent
into a hook as before described. The end of the stem or hook may be covered by a
cap if desired.
*Venetian-blind-hooks coat-hooks and other kinds of hooks known in commerce
as screw-hooks and screw-pegs, are made substantially in the ways herein-before.
described, with respect to the hooks illustrated in the Drawing.
Our Invention consists further in producing screw-rings in the following
manner.
We take an iron screw with an enlarged or bulbus head, and afterwards case the
said head with a sheet metal cap or covering, and close a washer (to form the collar)
around it and cover both the edges of the cap and the stein of the screw, thereby
fixing the cap or covering to the head. A hole is afterwards pierced through the
said head and casing for the passage of the ring: Figure 11 represents a screw-
ring made by the process last described. Figure 12 represents the screw with
an enlarged or bulbus head H; Figure 13 represents the sheet metal cap I;
Figure 14 represents the cap I placed upon the head H before its edges are closed
on the underside of the said head. The manner in which the cap is secured on the
head H is seen in Figure 11; K is the collar which is closed upon the stem of the
screw and made to cover the edges of the cap I. The head H is drilled to receivo
the ring L.
Or the process last described may be modified by first closing a collar
around the neck of an iron screw, and afterwards covering both the head of the
screw and the collar by a sheet metal cap, the edges of the said cap being gathered
under the said collar as illustrated in section in Figure 15.
Where the head of the said screw has a shoulder formed next to its shank or
stem, the edges of the cap are turned under the said shoulder, and the collar closed
upon the stem below, adjacent to the gathered in edges described. A shank may,
if desirable, pass through the cap; when so used, no piercing of the head is
required.
Or a flat headed screw may be used and a loop of wire, through which the ring
is passed, may be connected to the head of the screw by a perforated sheet metal

page_text: cap, which is closed upon the edges of the wire loop and the conical sides of tlie
scrow head. This modification is illustrated in Figure 10, where the parts are
shown separately and connected together. In the said Figure 16 the head of the
scrow is marked S, the wire loop is marked T, and the perforated sheet metal cap
is marked U.. By the closing process, the inner edges of the cap U are closed upon
the straight edges of the wire loop T, so as to fix the said loop firmly to the screw
head. The screw-rings we have described may be used as picture-rings, Terret-
rings and rings for other purposes.
Our invention consists further in producing plate-rings or rings in which the
screws do not form a permanent part thereof.
A sheet metal cup with a contracted or gathered in part at the mouth is raisod
from sheet metal. This cup forms the head, and is attached to a base plate by
passing the contracted mouth through a suitably shaped opening in the base plate,
and clinching or turning over the mouth of the head or cup on the underside of
the base plate. The head is pierced for the ring to pass through, while the plate
has holes for loose screws to pass through.
Figure 17 represents in elevation, and Figure 18 in section (without the ring) a
plato ring made according to the process last described. Figure 19 represents the
partly contracted cup, and Figure 20 the cup ready to be connected to the plate;
Figure 21 represents the base plate in plan. The manner in which the parts
at M M of the contracted mouth of the cup N are turned or closed on the under-
side of the perforated base plate P will be readily seen by reference to Figure 18.
The base plate P of the plate-ring is secured to the drawer or other article by
screws passed through the countersunk holes in the said plate P. Or the said
plate-ring may be made by bending up at its middle or narrow part, a nearly
cruciform or double T shaped blank, which forms the eye or loop through which
the ring passes, also the base plate to be formed: Figure 22 ropresents in front and
side elevation, a plato-ring, mado according to the last described process, and
Figure 23 represents the blank from which the said plate-ring is made. The blank,
Figure 23, is bent or folded at its middle by press tools, and an eye or loop q at
the same time formed at the bend or fold, as represented in Figure 22. Through
this eye or loop the ring R is passed.
Plate-rings made according to our invention may be used for various purposes to
which the same are, or may be applicable.
Having thus described the nature of our invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that we claim as our
invention of
"
EE
Improvements in the manufacture or production of screw-hooks, screw-pegs,
scrow-rings and plate-rings."
First. Manufacturing or producing screw-hooks and screw-pegs by the process
or combination of processos herein-before described and illustrated with respect to
Figures 1 to 10 both inclusive of the accompanying Drawing; that is to say, casing
or covering a rod or wire for a portion of its length, with a thin tube of brass or
other metal, or directly drawing a thin tube upon the rod or wire; afterwards
worming the uncovered part of the rod or wire and fixing a collar at the junction
of the covered part with the wormed part and finally shaping the covered part into
the body of the hook substantially as described and illustrated; or making the
said screw-hooks and screw-pegs from lengths or pieces of cased rods or cased
wire, and worming the ends of the said covered lengths or pieces and finishing the
hooks or pegs substantially as described.
Secondly. The methods herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 11,
12 13, 14, 15 and 16 of the accompanying Drawing of making or producing
screw-rings.
Thirdly. The methods herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 17,18,

page_text: 19, 20, 21, 22 and 23 of the accompanying Drawing of making or producing
plate-rings.
In witness whereof, We, the said Sidney William Richards and James Arthur
Richards have hereunto set our hands and seals this twenty-fourth day of January,
in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and eighty-four.
SIDNEY WILLIAM RICHARDS (L.S.)
Witness
MILES E. HUGHES.
Clerk to Henry Skerrett
6 Livery Street
Birmingham
JAMES ARTHUR RICHARDS (L.S.)