Improvements in Appliances employed in the Glazing of Earthenware Pipes and analogous articles.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 11th May, 1892
Complete Specification Left, 13th Feb., 1893-Accepted, 29th Apr... 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Appliances employed in the Glazing of
Earthenware Pipes and analogous articles.
I, THOMAS HENRY HUNT of 64, Cranberry Lane, Darwen, in the County of
Lancaster, Labourer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to that class of glazing, in which the articles to be glazed
are dipped in a solution of clay-wash termed "slip.'
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The articles to be glazed are mounted upon a perforated tray or grate, which is
connected by chains or the like to a balance weight. When ready, the articles are
dipped in a bath containing the slip or clay wash, so as to receive the requisite
coating, both externally and internally, by lowering the tray into the bath, when
the tray is then withdrawn, and the articles removed and dried, preparatory to being
burnt in the kiln.
When it is desired to coat the internal surface only of sanitary pipes or the
like with the "slip" or clay wash, I place each of such articles, whilst in a plastic
state, over a suitable opening formed in a table, below which is a reservoir or pan,
containing the "slip" or clay-wash. The side-walls of the said reservoir or pan are
preferably constructed of flexible material, to render it compressible, so as to force
the clay wash or "slip" upwards into the interior of the pipe to the height required,
when the pan is then allowed to right itself, and withdraw the "slip" or clay wash,
which then subsides into the reservoir, leaving a coating or film of clay-wash or
"slip" upon the inner surface of the pipe, or other article undergoing the process of
glazing.
The pipe, when placed upon the opening in its plastic state, will make for itself a
sufficiently good joint to prevent the clay wash or "slip" from passing to the
exterior.
Another arrangement of apparatus may consist of a plunger, acting in a chamber,
communicating at its lower end with another chamber, on the top of which is a table
having an opening. Through this opening, the clay-wash or "slip" is forced upwards,
into the interior of the pipe mounted upon the opening, upon the descent of the
plunger in the first named chamber.
The lower part of the bath or reservoir is provided with a tap, so that the
"slip" or clay wash, may be withdrawn from the reservoir, when required, whilst
the sediment and the like, below the level of the tap, may be removed through a
suitable opening or openings when the cover or covers of such openings are
removed.
Dated this 10th day of May 1892.
THOS. RICHMOND,
Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Appliances employed in the Glazing of
Earthenware Pipes and analogous articles.
I, THOMAS HENRY HUNT of 64, Cranberry Lane, Darwen, in the County of
Lancaster, Labourer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
iu and by the following statement :—
This invention relates to that class of glazing, in which the articles to be glazed
are dipped in a solution of clay wash termed "slip."

page_text: The articles to be glazed are mounted upon a perforated tray or grate, which is
connected by chains or the like to a balance weight. When ready the articles are
dipped in a bath containing the "slip" or clay wash, so as to receive the requisite
coating both externally and internally, by lowering the tray into the bath, when
the tray is then withdrawn, and the articles removed and dried preparatory to being
burnt in the kiln.
68
When it is desired to coat the internal surface only of sanitary pipes or the like
with slip or clay wash, I place each of such articles whilst in a plastic state, over a
suitable opening formed in a table, below which is a reservoir or can, containing the
slip" or clay wash. The side walls of the said reservoir or pan are preferably
constructed of flexible material to render it compressible, so as to force the clay
wash or "slip "upwards into the interior of the pipe to the height required, when
the pan is then allowed to right itself and withdraw the "slip" or clay wash which
then subsides into the reservoir, leaving a coating or film of clay wash or "slip"
upon the inner surface of the pipe or other article undergoing the process of
glazing.
The pipe when placed upon the opening in its plastic state, will make for itself
a sufficiently good joint to prevent the clay wash or "slip" from passing to the
exterior.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 represents my improved apparatus or apparatuses in combination with
each other, whereby the various operations of coating earthenware internally and
externally can be performed simultaneously, or whereby earthenware pipes or other
analogous articles may be coated internally only.
I will describe firstly the arrangement of apparatus for coating the internal
surface only of sanitary pipes or the like with slip or clay wash. In commencing
operations, I place each of such articles, whilst in a plastic state, over a suitable
opening or pipe A formed in the table B, which is balanced in any position by
means of a cord or chain B' passing over pulleys B B and B and secured at its
other end to the balance weight B. To the said pipe or opening A is attached
the collapsible instrument (seen in Fig. 2) which consists of two bosses C and D,
to which are attached the respective ends of a series of vertical blade springs E,
which are encompassed by a covering of indiarubber or other suitable material.
This cover is plainly shewn in Fig. 3, having an air-tube E' formed around the
centre of the cover.
When the earthenware pipe or the like is in position, the said collapsible
instrument, after being fixed at its lower end to the pipe or opening A, is
compressed by hand, forcing the air-tube E' against the sides of the earthenware
pipe to be submitted to the coating or glazing process. The springs are now held
compressed by an adjusting nut screwed on the pipe or opening A. The advantage
of the air tube is that it does not disfigure the glazing by leaving marks or lines,
whilst it moves along the internal surface of the earthenware pipe.
At the very commencement of the process, the flexible receiver, reservoir or
pan C¹ has entirely collapsed, and the table is in its lowest position. "Slip" is
now drawn from the bath I and forced through the pipe or opening A by means of
force pump A' operated by handle lever A', and is kept against the interior
surface of the earthenware pipe or other analogous article by means of the blade
springs E and rubber covering. At the same time, the flexible receiver, reservoir
or pan is being gradually raised through an assistant turning the endless rope J.
The superfluous "slip subsides into the flexible receiver, reservoir or pan,
whence it is then conveyed back into the pipes ready for use again through the
pipe D¹.
"
In order that a perfect joint between the pipe or other article of earthenware,
the said pipe is encompassed by semicircular arms F swung on a stud G (seen in
Fig. 4) whilst their free ends are held together by means of a movable hooked
grip iron H.
I will now describe the arrangement for dipping articles of earthenware both

page_text: internally and externally. K is a perforated grate, which may be connected when.
in use with the cord or chain B¹ and balance weight B already described.
The articles, when ready, are placed on the said perforated grate K, which is
then lowered by turning the endless cord or chain J thus gradually descending into
the bath I containing the "slip" or clay wash, whereby the articles receive the
requisite coating both externally and internally. The tray or grate is now with--
drawn, and the articles removed and dried preparatory to being burnt in the kiln.
To the said tray or grate are attached slide pieces L, which slide in grooves M,.
and are connected by cross-piece N (seen in Figs. 1 and 5) by which means the
grate is steadied in its upward and downward movement. The bath I is provided
with an overflow passage I for the influx of the "slip" when the pipe or other
article is being introduced, the said "slip" returning to the bath I again when the
pipe is withdrawn.
It may be advantageous in some cases to extend the bath I, and depend upon.
the natural gravitation of the "slip" to force it through the pipe or opening A or
the same may be effected by hydraulic agency, in which case the force pump may
not be required.
When only small pipes or other articles are to be coated with "slip," either one.
or other or both of the apparatuses above described are constructed of far less
dimensions, and may be made to run on wheels, so as to be portable.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-.
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. The arrangement and combination of the apparatus or apparatuses for coating
the internal and external surfaces of earthenware pipes or analogous articles, or
the internal surface only of such pipes or articles, substantially as described and
illustrated in Fig. 1.
2. Pipe or opening A, table B, flexible receiver C' and force pump A',.
substantially as described and illustrated for the purpose specified.
3. Perforated grate K, bath I, slide piece L, groove M, and cross piece N,.
substantially as described and illustrated in Figs. 1 and 5.
4. The collapsible spring instrument provided with rubber or other cover having
air tube E', substantially as described and illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3 for the-
purpose specified.
5. The mode or method of securing a perfect joint of the earthenware pipe or
other article with the table B, substantially as described and illustrated in Fig. 5.
Dated this 9th day of February 1893
GEO.
DOWNING,
8, Quality Court, London, W.C., Agent.