IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND TREATMENT OF GAS, AND IN APPARATUS USED THEREWITH OR FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Emerson Dowson, of 3, Great Queen Street, in
the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer, for
an. Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND TREATMENT OF GAS, AND IN APPARATUS
USED THEREWITH OR FOR OTHER PURPOSES,"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Emerson Dowson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th June 1881.
JOSEPH EMERSON Dowson of 3 Great Queen Street in the City of Westminster,
Civil Engineer, "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND TREATMENT OF GAS,
AND IN APPARATUS USED THEREWITH OR FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
The improvements relate to the manufacture and treatment of gas and to
apparatus to be used therewith or for other purposes. Some of the improvements
referring to apparatus included in my Patent No. 3997 of 1878 and may be used in .
combination with such apparatus or not as desired. My Invention consists of a tubular
boiler or water heating apparatus consisting of one or more lengths of metal piping
bent so as to form a series of horizontal rows of piping placed one over the other,
so that the second row crosses over and at right angles to the first, and the third row
over and at right angles to the second and so on. The water way is made continuous
through the whole length of piping, so that water or steam can circulate freely from
end to end of the coil. The coil is cased in brickwork or other suitable material
and the casing may be hollow so as to contain water to be heated previously to
passing into the piping. The coil is heated by a gas burner, or by a fire placed
underneath. Also of a form of boiler or water heating apparatus, consisting of a
horizontal body or shell, cylindrical or otherwise, in which is placed a metal or
other fire box containing hollow passages through which water can flow. In the
chambers between these water ways are placed gas or oil burners, and thus a large
heating surface is provided for the water to come in contact with. At the rear end
of the fire box there are tubes which convey the products of combustion to the front
of the boiler and here there is a chimney outlet; or if preferred a further set of
tubes may return from the front to the rear of the boiler so as to convey the
products a longer distance and there they may discharge into a chimney. All the
above tubes are surrounded by water so that the latter may withdraw heat from

page_text: .
the escaping products. The water passages or chambers before referred to can be
cast or otherwise made as part of the fire box, or cylindrical or other tubes can be
used for this purpose.
Either of the before mentioned boilers can be used for producing steam to be
decomposed in a gas generator or retort, or they may be used for any other purpose
where steam or hot water is required. Also of an improved form of single or double
steam jet or cock for a gas generator, with adjustable fixings. The single jet or cock
consists of a hollow sphere on which are made an inlet for steam, a nozzle for the
outlet of the steam, a blow-off cock, and a stuffing box, there being a pin which can
travel horizontally through the stuffing box and nozzle for the purpose of clearing
the latter of obstructions. The outlet nozzle is set opposite to the air induction
pipe on the gas generator and is held in position by a vertical support attached
to the end of the air pipe, the support carrying a horizontal piece which has a
slotted hole at one end and an eye with a set screw at the other end. The
eye is slipped over the steam pipe which carries the steam jet or cock and is held
firmly to the pipe by the set screw. The slotted hole is passed over the upper end
of the vertical support and is secured by a nut.
When a double jet or cock is required two single jets or cocks are fastened
together one above the other. The upper one is fastened to the air induction pipe
on the generator, as above described, and the lower jet is set opposite to a second
-pipe attached to the generator, but in order that when required the lower jet may
not pass steam, and that the pipe opposite to it may not allow steam or air to pass
outwards, from the generator this pipe is furnished with a moveable disc which can
be placed over the end of the pipe and between it and the nozzle of the steam jet.
A loose nut or covering piece of tube which has been previously screwed on to the
nozzle is then unscrewed until it binds against the before mentioned disc and
causes the latter to be firmly fixed. Also of an improved form of swing grate for
the gas generator. Instead of being hinged with a pin through the hinge (as shewn
on the Drawing filed with Patent No. 3997, of 1878) the pin is dispensed with and
the hinge is made in the form of a wide hook attached to the grate and this hook
rests on a fixed bearing attached to the generator. By this means the grate can be
taken down and replaced without any fastening being undone. Also of a modification
of the ash box of the gas generator referred to in Patent No. 3997 of 1878, so that
moveable bars or a sliding grate in two or more parts may be used to support the
fire instead of a swing grate. The object of this arrangement is to admit of the
more. easy removal of clinker and ash when the fuel is of inferior quality. The
modified ash box may be rectangular or of other form preferred, and may have one
or more doors. Also of an outlet pipe and valve to be attached to a gas generator,
consisting of a metal casting something like an H in shape, placed over the gas
outlet on the generator and made to receive a cock and chimney or waste pipe on
the top of one member, and a flap valve on the bottom of the opposite member, the
valve being kept open or shut by a weighted lever or otherwise. The valve is
enclosed in a further casting which is continued in the form of a pipe and leads to
a syphon box. Also of a means by which an additional smell may be given to gas
made by the decomposition of steam in the presence of carbon, so that escapes or
leaks of such gas may be easily detected. To accomplish this I pass the gas when
cool through layers of naphthaline sublimed or otherwise suitably prepared. Lastly
of a mode of feeding a gas generator automatically with fuel consisting of a hopper
placed on or over the top of the generator, there being an outlet in the bottom of the
hopper through which the fuel falls automatically into a horizontal box or trough
containing a spiral which revolves and carries the fuel to an opening over the fire
in the generator. The spiral is revolved by an independent system of weights aud
pullies or in any other convenient way,

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Joseph Emerson Dowson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
30th December 1881.
"
JOSEPH EMERSON Dowson of 3 Great Queen Street, in the City of Westminster,
Civil Engineer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR USE IN THE MANUFAC-
TURE AND TREATMENT OF GAS AND IN APPARATUS USED THEREWITH OR-FOR
OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for use in the manufac-
ture and treatment of non-luminous heating gas made by passing steam and air
or steam only through incandescent carbonaceous fuel, and the improvements
chiefly refer to apparatus-for-making such gas, but they may be used for other
purposes-also. My The Apparatus constructed according to my Invention consists
firstly of a tubular boiler or water heating apparatus made of one or more lengths
of metal piping bent or connected together so as to form a series of horizontal
rows of piping placed one over the other, so that the second row crosses over the
first, and the third row over the second, and so on. The water way is made con-
tinuous through the whole length of piping, so that water or steam can circulate
freely from end to end of the coil. The coil is cased in brickwork or other suitable
material, and the casing may be hollow so as to contain water to be heated pre-
viously to passing into the piping. The coil is heated by one or more gas burners
or by a fire placed underneath. This boiler ean-be is combined with and used for
producing steain to be decomposed in a gas generator or retort or-may-be-used-for
any-other-purpose-where-steam-or-hot-water-is-required. Also-of This Generator.
or Retort may have an improved form of a single or double steam jet or blower
combined with an injector with adjustable fixings, such injector serving to pass
atmospheric air or other mixture of oxygen and nitrogen with-a into the gas
generator. The jet or blower when single consists of a hollow sphere on which
are made an inlet for steam, a nozzle for the outlet of the steam, a blow off cock,
and a stuffing box, there being a pin which can travel horizontally through the
stuffing box and nozzle for the purpose of clearing the latter of obstructions.
The outlet nozzle is set opposite to the induction pipe on the gas generator and is
held in position by a vertical support attached to the end of the induction pipe,
the support carrying a horizontal piece which has a slotted hole at one end and
an eye with a set screw at the other end. The eye is slipped over the steam pipe
which carries the steam jet or cock and is held firmly to the pipe by the set screw.
The slotted. hole is passed over the upper end of the vertical support and is secured
by a nut.
When a double jet or cock is required two single jets or cocks are fastened
together one above the other. The upper one is fastened to the induction pipe on
the generator, as above described, and the lower jet is set opposite to a second pipe
attached to the generator, but in order that when required the lower jet may not
pass steam, and that the pipe opposite to it may not allow any escape outwards

page_text: from the generator, this pipe is furnished with a movable disc which can be placed
over the end of the pipe and between it and the nozzle of the steam jet. A loose
nut or covering piece of tube which has been previously screwed on to the nozzle
is then unscrewed until it binds against the before mentioned disc and causes the
latter to be firmly fixed.
The improvements further consist of a grate for a the gas generator may be
formed of several hollow bars bent or connected together in such a way that water
or steam may flow through each tube or bar successively. As the water flows
through the tubes or bars it is converted into steam by heat derived from the fire,
resting on the tubular grate and the steam thus produced is used in the generator
for the purpose of making gas. Also in the combination of A gas holder and
purifier may be provided constructed in such fashion that the cover of the purifier
shall form a receptacle for holding gas which is conveniently done by placing the
purifier in a tank of water, or by making an outer casing at the sides of the purifier
and filling such outer casing with water so that in either case the cover of the
purifier forming the gas holder may move up and down in the water in the usual
But this com-
way when supported by weights, or by other convenient means.
bination of purifier and holder I do not claim separately. Also The Invention
consists Secondly of an outlet pipe provided with two cocks or valves to be
attached to a the gas generator, the outlet pipe consisting of a metal casting some-
thing like an H in shape, placed over the gas outlet on the generator and made
to receive a cock and chimney or waste pipe on the top of one member, and a cock
To the last named cock or
or flap valve on the bottom of the opposite member.
valve is attached a casting which is continued in the form of a pipe and leads to
a syphon or cleaning box. Also The Invention consists Thirdly of a means by
which an additional smell may be given to gas made by the decomposition of steam
in the presence of carbon, so that escapes or leaks of such gas may be easily detected.
To accomplish this I pass the gas when cool through layers of naphthaline sublimed
or otherwise suitably prepared.
The said apparatus are shewn in Figures 1 to 13 on the accompanying Drawing,
but I do not restrict myself to the precise details of construction shewn.
Figure 1 represents a vertical section of a gas generator having a grate a formed
of several hollow bars bent or connected together in such a way that water or
steam may flow through each tube successively. Water may be introduced at the
end b and as it flows through the tubes it will be converted into steam by the
heat of the fire resting on the tubular grate, and steam will pass out at the end c.
Or water may be made to enter at the end c and the steam will then pass out at
the end b. An enlarged sectional plan view of this tubular grate is shewn in
Fig. 4, illustrating a convenient mode of construction, in which A are the tubular
bars screwed into boxes D having partitions therein C, as shown; D are sockets
used to cover the joints between the tubular bars as shown, the water or steam
entering at b, or c, passes through the bars A and boxes B as shown by the arrows.
This tubular grate however I do not claim in itself alone.
In some cases it may be desirable to produce the steam in a separate apparatus,
not in the gas generator, and then ordinary fire bars or any kind of grate may be
substituted for the tubular grate. The arrangement for introducing fuel into the
generator may be similar to that shewn in Figs. 1 and 2 or any other convenient
arrangement may be adopted.
Figure 2 represents another vertical section of the same generator and shews the
arrangement of piping and cocks or valves used at the gas outlet as hereinbefore
mentioned under the second head. The pipe & serves as a chimney or waste pipe
when the fire in the generator is being first lighted or when it is necessary to
blow off gas.
The pipe e conveys the gas from the generator to a cleaning box f
the two cocks or valves g and h serving to regulate the direction in which the gas
is to flow.
Figure 3 represents a vertical section of a combined gas holder and purifier
The purifier i may be placed in a tank of water, or it may have an annular o
E

page_text: other shaped space as jj, formed outside of it to receive water. The water space j j
serves to receive the holder k and seals the gas in the usual way. The holder may
be balanced and guided in the manner shewn or in any other convenient way.
Figure 6 represents a longitudinal section of an improved form of an injector
combined with a steam jet or blower m. Figs. 7 and are cross sections at a¹ a¹
and 661 of the air injector. Figs. 9 and 10 shew in detail the mode of securing
the steam jet or blower to the air tube and of easily disconnecting them. The
pipen conveying steam to the jet or blower m, is held by the part p with set
screw g, and the part p is secured by a nut to the part r, which is screwed on to
the ends s of the injector l. The steam which plays into the injector causes
currents of air to enter through the openings t, u, and v. If desirable the number
and size of the air openings may be diminished or increased.
Figure 5 represents a vertical section of a tubular boiler which may be used as
hereinbefore stated under the first head for producing and superheating steam for
a the gas generator, or-for-other-purposes. The boiler consists of a long length of
tube which may be is bent zig-zag and so as to form a series of horizontal or other
rows of tubing one over the other, the second row being over and across the first,
and the third row over and across the second, and so on. An enlarged plan view
of this tubing is shewn in Fig. 11. Another way of bending the tube is shewn in
cross section in Fig. 12, and in plan in Fig. 13. Other-convenient ways of bending
the-tube-may-be-adopted-and if If necessary some joints in the tubing may be
made, but-an An essential feature of this arrangement is, that as much as possible
of the tubing should be exposed to the direct heat from the gas flames or fire
underneath.
The tubing is enclosed in brickwork or other suitable material and water is
made to enter the tubing at w, and hot water or steam, as required, passes out at x.
The casing surrounding the tubing may be made, hollow so as to contain water to
be heated previously to passing into the tubing. When gas is available it can be
advantageously used for heating the tubing as shewn at y, or a fire can be lighted
on the grate z. I do not claim the coil separately but only when arranged and
combined for heating with gas as shewn in Figure 5.
As hereinbefore stated under the third head the gases resulting from the decom-
position of steam passed through incandescent carbonaceous fuel with or without
air, have very little smell when the sulphuretted hydrogen has been removed in
the purifier, and when such gases are used, and when it is desirable to detect any
escapes or leaks, I pass such gases having little or no smell through one or more
layers of naphthaline, sublimed or otherwise suitably prepared, in order to give
such gases an additional smell, and for this purpose I expose naphthaline in or on
perforated trays or cells in a gas tight vessel, and allow the gas to pass over until
it is sufficiently impregnated with naphthaline.
In witness whereof I the said Joseph Emerson Dowson have hereunto set.
my hand and seal this Thirtieth day of December A.D. 1881.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Emerson Dowson, of 3, Great Queen Street, in
the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND TREATMENT OF GAS, AND IN APPARATUS
USED THEREWITH OR FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Emerson Dowson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th June 1881.
JOSEPH EMERSON DOWSON, of 3, Great Queen Street, in the City of Westminster,
Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND TREATMENT OF GAS,
AND IN APPARATUS USED THEREWITH OR FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
The improvements relate to the manufacture and treatment of gas, and to
apparatus to be used therewith or for other purposes, some of the improvements
referring to apparatus included in my Patent No. 3997, of 1878, and may be used in
combination with such apparatus or not as desired. My Invention consists of a tubular
boiler or water heating apparatus, consisting of one or more lengths of metal piping
bent so as to form a series of horizontal rows of piping placed one over the other,
so that the second row crosses over and at right angles to the first, and the third row
over and at right angles to the second, and so on. The water way is made continuous
through the whole length of piping, so that water or steam can circulate freely from
end to end of the coil. The coil is cased in brickwork or other suitable material,
and the casing may be hollow, so as to contain water to be heated previously to
passing into the piping. The coil is heated by a gas burner or by a fire placed
underneath. Also of a form of boiler or water heating apparatus, consisting of a
horizontal body or shell, cylindrical or otherwise, in which is placed a metal or
other fire box containing hollow passages through which water can flow. In the
chambers between these water ways are placed gas or oil burners, and thus a large
heating surface is provided for the water to come in contact with. At the rear end
of the fire box there are tubes which convey the products of combustion to the front
of the boiler, and here there is a chimney outlet; or if prepared a further set of
tubes may return from the front to the rear of the boiler, so as to convey the
products a longer distance, and there they may discharge into a chimney. All the
above tubes are surrounded by water, so that the latter may withdraw heat from

page_text: the escaping products. The water passages or chambers before referred to can be
cast or otherwise made as part of the fire box, or cylindrical or other tubes can be
used for this purpose.
Either of the before mentioned boilers can be used for producing steam to be
decomposed in a gas generator or retort, or they may be used for any other purpose
where steam or hot water is required. Also of an improved form of single or double
steam jet or cock for a gas generator with adjustable fixings. The single jet or cock
consists of a hollow sphere on which are made an inlet for steam, a nozzle for the
outlet of the steam, a blow-off cock, and a stuffing box, there being a pin which can
travel horizontally through the stuffing box and nozzle for the purpose of clearing
the latter of obstructions. The outlet nozzle is set opposite to the air induction
pipe on the gas generator, and his held in position by a vertical support attached
to the end of the air pipe, the support carrying a horizontal piece, which has a
slotted hole at one end and an eye with a set screw at the other end. The
eye is slipped over the steam pipe which carries the steam jet or cock, and is held
firmly to the pipe by the set screw. The slotted hole is passed over the upper end
of the vertical support and is secured by a nut.
When a double jet or cock is required, two single jets or cocks are fastened
together one above the other. The upper one is fastened to the air induction pipe
on the generator, as above described, and the lower jet is set opposite to a second
pipe attached to the generator; but in order that when required the lower jet may
not pass steam, and that the pipe opposite to it may not allow steam or air to pass
outwards from the generator, this pipe is furnished with a moveable disc, which can
be placed over the end of the pipe and between it and the nozzle of the steam jet.
A loose nut or covering piece of tube which has been previously screwed on to the
nozzle is then unscrewed until it binds against the before mentioned disc and
causes the latter to be firmly fixed. Also of an improved form of swing grate for
the gas generator. Instead of being hinged with a pin through the hinge (as shewn
on the Drawing filed with Patent 3997, of 1878) the pin is dispensed with and the
hinge is made in the form of a wide hook attached to the grate, and this hook rests
on a fixed bearing attached to the generator. By this means the grate can be taken
down and replaced without any fastening being undone. Also of a modification of
the ash box of the gas generator referred to in Patent No. 3997, of 1878, so that
moveable bars or a sliding grate in two or more parts may be used to support the
fire instead of a swing grate. The object of this arrangement is to admit of the
more easy removal of clinker and ash when the fuel is of inferior quality. The
modified ash box may be rectangular or of other form preferred, and may have one.
or more doors. Also of an outlet pipe and valve to be attached to a gas generator,
consisting of a metal casting, something like an H in shape, placed over the gas
outlet on the generator, and made to receive a cock and chimney or waste pipe on
the top of one member, and a flap valve on the bottom of the opposite member, the
valve being kept open or shut by a weighted lever or otherwise. The valve is
enclosed in a further casting, which is continued in the form of a pipe and leads to
a syphon box. Also of a means by which an additional smell may be given to gas
made by the decomposition of steam in the presence of carbon, so that escapes or
leaks of such gas may be easily detected. To accomplish this pass the gas when
cool through layers of naphthaline, sublimed or otherwise, suitably prepared. Lastly,'
of a mode of feeding a gas generator automatically with fuel, consisting of a hopper
placed on or over the top of the generator, there being an outlet in the bottom of the
hopper through which the fuel falls automatically into a horizontal box or trough
containing a spiral which revolves and carries the fuel to an opening over the fire.
in the generator. The spiral is revolved by an independent system of weights and
pullies or in any other convenient way.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Joseph Emerson Dowson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
30th December 1881.
JOSEPH EMERSON Dowson, of 3, Great Queen Street, in the City of Westminster,
Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND TREATMENT OF Gas,
AND IN APPARATUS USED THEREWITH OR FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture and treatment of
non-luminous heating gas, made by passing steam and air, or steam only, through
incandescent carbonaceous fuel, and the improvements chiefly refer to apparatus
for making such gas, but they may be used for other purposes also. My Invention
consists of a tubular boiler or water heating apparatus made of one or more lengths
of metal piping, bent or connected together so as to form a series of horizontal
rows of piping placed one over the other, so that the second row crosses over the
first, and the third row over the second, and so on. The water way is made
continuous through the whole length of piping, so that water or steam can circulate
freely from end to end of the coil. The coil is cased in brickwork or other suitable
material, and the casing may be hollow so as to contain water to be heated
previously to passing into the piping. The coil is heated by one or more gas
burners or by a fire placed underneath. This boiler can be used for producing
steam to be decomposed in a gas generator or retort, or may be used for any other
purpose where steam or hot water is required. Also of an improved form of a
single or double steam jet or blower combined with an injector with adjustable
fixings, such injector serving to pass atmospheric air or other mixture of oxygen
and nitrogen with a gas generator. The jet or blower, when single, consists of a
hollow sphere on which are made an inlet for steam, a nozzle for the outlet of the
steam, a blow off cock, and a stuffing box, there being a pin which can travel
horizontally through the stuffing box and nozzle for the purpose of clearing the
latter of obstructions. The outlet nozzle is set opposite to the induction pipe on
the gas generator, and is held in position by a vertical support attached to the end
of the induction pipe, the support carrying a horizontal piece which has a slotted
hole at one end and an eye with a set screw at the other end. The eye is slipped over
the steam pipe which carries the steam jet or cock, and is held firmly to the pipe
by the set screw. The slotted hole is passed over the upper end of the vertical
support, and is secured by a nut.
When a double jet or cock is required two single jets or cocks are fastened
together one above the other. The upper one is fastened to the induction pipe on
the generator, as above described, and the lower jet is set opposite to a second pipe
attached to the generator; but in order that when required the lower jet may not
pass steam, and that the pipe opposite to it may not allow any oscape outwards
from the generator, this pipe is furnished with a movable disc, which can be placed
over the end of the pipe and between it and the nozzle of the steam jet. A loose
nut or covering piece of tube, which has been previously screwed on to the nozzle,
is then unscrewed, until it binds against the before mentioned disc and causes the
latter to be firmly fixed.
The improvements further consist of a grate for a gas generator formed of
several hollow bars, bent or connected together in such a way that water or steam
may flow through each tube or bar successively. As the water flows through the
tubes or bars it is converted into steam by heat derived from the fire resting on the
tubular grate, and the steam thus produced is used in the generator for the purpose
of making gas.
Also in the combination of a gas holder and purifier constructed
in such fashion that the cover of the purifier shall form a receptacle for holding gas,

page_text: which is conveniently done by placing the purifier in a tank of water or by making
an outer casing at the sides of the purifier, and filling such outer casing with water,
so that in either case the cover of the purifier forming the gas holder may move up
and down in the water in the usual way when supported by weights or by other
convenient means. Also of an outlet pipe provided with two cocks or valves, to be
attached to a gas generator; the outlet pipe consisting of a metal casing, some-
thing like an H in shape, placed over the gas outlet on the generator and made to
receive a cock and chimney or waste pipe on the top of one member, and a cock or
flap valve on the bottom of the opposite member. To the last named cock or valve
is attached a casting, which is continued in the form of a pipe and leads to a
syphon or cleaning box. Also of a means by which an additional smell may be
given to gas made by the decomposition of steam in the presence of carbon, so that
escapes or leaks of such gas may be easily detected. To accomplish this I pass the
gas when cool through layers of naphthaline, sublimed, or otherwise suitably
prepared.
The said apparatus are shewn in Figures 1 to 13 on the accompanying Drawing,
but I do not restrict myself to the precise details of construction shewn.
Figure 1 represents a vertical section of a gas generator, having a grate a formed
of several hollow bars bent or connected together in such a way that water or
steam may flow through each tube successively. Water may be introduced at
the end b, and as it flows through the tubes it will be converted into steam by the
heat of the fire resting on the tubular grate, and steam will pass out at the end c;
or water may be made to enter at the end c, and the steam will then pass out at
the end b. An enlarged sectional plan view of this tubular grate is shewn in
Fig. 4 illustrating a convenient mode of construction, in which A are the tubular
bars screwed into boxes D, having partitions therein C, as shown; D are sockets
used to cover the joints between the tubular bars, as shown, the water or steam
entering at b or c passes through the bars A and boxes B, as shown by the
arrows.
In some cases it may be desirable to produce the steam in a separate apparatus,
not in the gas generator, and then ordinary fire bars or any kind of grate may be
substituted for the tubular grate. The arrangement for introducing fuel into the
generator may be similar to that shewn in Figs. 1 and 2, or any other convenient
arrangement may be adopted.
Figure 2 represents another vertical section of the same generator, and shews the
arrangement of piping and cocks or valves used at the gas outlet. The pipe d
serves as a chimney or waste pipe when the fire in the generator is being first
lighted, or when it is necessary to blow off gas. The pipe e conveys the gas from
the generator to a cleaning box f, the two cocks or valves g and serving to
regulate the direction in which the gas is to flow.
Figure 3 represents a vertical section of a combined gas holder and purifier.
The purifier i, i, may be placed in a tank of water, or it may have an annular or
other shaped space as j, j, formed outside of it to receive water. The water space
j, j, serves to receive the holder k, and seals the gas in the usual way.
holder may be balanced and guided in the manner shewn or in any other con-
venient way.
The
Figure 6 represents a longitudinal section of an improved form of an injector 7,
combined with a steam jet or blower m; Figs. 7 and 8 are cross sections at a', a',
and b, b, of the air injector; Figs. 9 and 10 shew in detail the mode of securing
the steam jet or blower to the air tube, and of easily disconnecting them. The
pipe n conveying steam to the jet or blower m is held by the part p with set
screw q, and the part p is secured by a nut to the part r which is screwed on to
the ends s of the injector . The steam which plays into the injector causes
currents of air to enter through the openings t, u, and v. If desirable, the number
and size of the air openings may be diminished or increased.
Figure 5 represents a vertical section of a tubular boiler, which may be used for
producing and superheating steam for a gas generator or for other purposes. The

page_text: boiler consists of a long length of tube which may be bent zig-zag, and so as to
form a series of horizontal or other rows of tubing one over the other, the second
row being over and across the first, and the third row over and across the second,
and so on. An enlarged plan view of this tubing is shewn in Fig. 11. Another
way of bending the tube is shewn in cross section in Fig. 12, and in plan in
Fig. 13. Other convenient ways of bending the tube may be adopted, and if
necessary some joints in the tubing may be made; but an essential feature of this
arrangement is, that as much as possible of the tubing should be exposed to the
direct heat from the gas flames or fire underneath.
The tubing is enclosed in brickwork or other suitable material, and water is
made to enter the tubing at w, and hot water or steam as required passes out at x.
The casing surrounding the tubing may be made hollow so as to contain water, to
be heated previously to passing into the tubing. When gas is available, it can be
advantageously used for heating the tubing, as shewn at y, or a fire can be lighted
on the grate z.
The gases resulting from the decomposition of steam passed through incandescent
carbonaceous fuel, with or without air, have very little smell when the sulphuretted
hydrogen has been removed in the purifier, and when such gases are used, and
when it is desirable to detect any escapes or leaks I pass such gases having little
or no smell through one or more layers of naphthaline, sublimed, or otherwise
suitably prepared, in order to give such gases an additional smell, and for this
purpose expose naphthaline in or on perforated trays or cells in a gas tight
vessel, and allow the gas to pass over until it is sufficiently impregnated with
naphthaline.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Emerson Dowson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of December, A.D. 1881.