IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO DYNAMIC OR DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES
Year: 1884

page_text: I GEORGE SCARLETT of Moon Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention for"" IMPROVEMENTS
IN ELECTRO DYNAMIC OR DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES" to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object an electro motor that will work without field
magnets.
"
"
It consists first of a revolving ring or rings of soft iron cut at one point and the
biatus filled with a connecting piece of brass. Each ring is armed with teeth so
as to form an internal toothed wheel but if desirable it could be run externally
the ring being made with a series of holes or embedded teeth. In these teeth
works the pinion transmitting the motion to any required machinery. The ring
itself is supported on two flanged or curved rollers preferably supported on a
cradle. I prefer that the teeth should be internal as the pinion then acts as an
additional steadying agent to keep the ring against its rollers. Surrounding this
ring as close together as they can be placed and at every point not necessarily left
vacant for the insertion of the brass connecting piece or for the actuating and
supporting mechanism, I place coils of wire as in the Gramme machine, the ends of
these coils are carried to two commutators of suitable or special construction and
so connected that as the ring advances the coil which the brass piece has last
entered is connected to the actuating battery circuit and all the other coils to the
secondary circuit. In the above I only mention a single coil but in practice the
exact number of actuating coils is determined by their width and the number
round the ring. In small machines the commutators can be placed in any con-
venient position on an axle geared to rotate synchronously with the soft iron ring,
but in large machines I prefer to put this axle with its commutators projecting
inside the cylindrical cavity of the ring or with one commutator inside and the
other outside of the ring, or one on an axle inside and the other on the same or
another axle outside. The coils connected with the secondary circuit give out
a secondary current and this, current can be carried to secondary batteries for
storage. If not collected it would possibly cause the heating and retarding effect
so well known in other machines, and one of the great advantages of my machine
is that I utilize these secondary currents instead of leaving them to neutralize
useful effect.

page_text: The commutator which I prefer to use is formed of an insulated drum carrying
connecting strips of conducting material inserted therein. The points of contact
which connect with the battery are formed of rollers carried in small bearings at
the end of a rod or spindle which is free to slide in a socket and is kept in position
against the revolving drum by means of a spring. The other points of contact
with the commutator which pick up and convey away the secondary current are
similarly formed. The electrically connected parts on the drum of insulating
material are in two sets one connected with the battery or source of electricity and
the other with the secondary current generated in the coils. The secondary
current is thus collected and passes off through a second set of contact points
(of similar construction) and may be collected or utilized.
The mode of action is as follows:
The battery current in the nearest coils causes the magnetization of the annular
bar but these coils being at the end of the magnet only, the magnet is propelled
forward so as to bring the centre of the magnet into the field of the lines of force.
The moment however the end of the magnet goes beyond a coil and enters another
the battery current is cut off by the last of the two actuating coils and is admitted
to the one the magnet is just entering, there is thus a constant struggle on the part
of the magnet to get in equilibrio and a constant rotary motion is set up for this
purpose. The secondary current is set up in the other coils and is conveyed away
for storage or use. It will be obvious as with nearly all other electro-magnetic
machines it would be possible to reverse the action and instead of giving out
power and absorbing electricity this machine could be reversed in action and made
to give out electricity at the expense of power.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I, GEORGE SCARLETT of Moon Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN ELECTRO DYNAMIC OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES" and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :—
This invention has for its object an electro motor, that will work without field
magnets. It was invented by me in the years 1880 and 1881,.and drawings of it
were shown privately to several scientific men in the latter year, I did not however

page_text: Figure 7 commutator divided and opened out.
It consists first of a revolving ring or rings A of soft iron cut at one or more
points three are shown in the drawings-and the hiati filled with a connecting
piece B of non-magnetic material such as brass. Each ring is armed with teeth so
as to form an internal toothed wheel but if desirable it could be run externally
the ring being made with a series of holes or embedded teeth. In these teeth
works the pinion C transmitting the motion to any required machinery. The ring
itself is supported on two flanged or curved rollers D D preferably supported on a
cradle E and an upper curved roller D¹ supported by the framework, I prefer that
the teeth should be internal as the pinion then acts as an additional steadying
agent to keep the ring against ita rollers. Surrounding this ring as close together
as they can be placed, and at every point not necessarily left vacant for the
insertion of the brass connecting pieces for the actuating and supporting mechanism,
I place coils of wire F F as in the Gramme machine, the ends of these coils are
carried to a commutator G of suitable or special construction and so connected that
as the ring advances the coil which one of the connecting pieces B has last entered
is connected to the actuating battery circuit, and all the other coils to the
Becondary circuit. In the above I only mention a single coil, but in practice
the exact number of actuating coils is determined by their width and the
number round the ring. In small machines the commutators can be placed in
any convenient position on an axle geared to rotate synchronously with the soft
iron ring, but in large machines I prefer to put this axle with its commutator
concentrically in the cylindrical cavity of the ring. The coils connected with
the secondary circuit give out a secondary current, and this current can be
carried to secondary batteries for storage. If not collected it would possibly
cause the heating and retarding effect so well known in other machines and one
of the great advantages of my machine is that I utilize these secondary currents
instead of leaving them to neutralize useful effect.
The commutator which I prefer to use is shown in Figures 5, 6 and 7 and is
formed of an insulated drum H carrying connecting strips I of conducting material
inserted therein. The brushes or points of contact which connect with the line
wire carrying the primary current are formed of rollers J carried in small bearings K
at the end of rods or spindles L which are free to slide in their sockets M and are
kept in position against the revolving drum H by means of springs N. The other
points of contact J J with the commutator which pick up and convey away the
secondary current are similarly formed. The electrically connected parts on the
drum of insulating material are in two sets one P connected with the battery or
source of electricity, and the other Q with the secondary current generated in the
coils. The secondary current is thus collected and passes off through a second
set of contact points J¹ J¹ (of similar construction) and may be collected or
utilized.
After trying several ways of arranging the parts herein before mentioned, I have
fixed on the plan set forth in the drawings as the most convenient in these the
pinion C on the main shaft gears with the ring A B, and a second pinion C¹ on
the main shaft gears by means of an intermediate pinion C with a pinion G¹
driving the commutator G. By suitably arranging the numbers of teeth on these
wheels the commutator is made to rotate synchronously and in the same direction
with the revolving ring, and the commutator being in the centre of said ring and

page_text: its solenoids, the latter can be easily connected with the commutator as shown.
It will be seen from the drawings of the commutator that there are at three equi-
distant points, three conducting pieces close together in the line of travel of the
sixteen contact rollers of the sixteen coils. When the commutator is in the position
shown in Figure 5, one of the connecting pieces B of non-magnetic material forms
the highest point of the magnet ring, as seen in Figure 3. The ends of the two
contiguous solenoids are in contact by means of their contact rollers with the
two contiguous strips, giving off two secondary currents, the moment one of
these rollers touches the central strip of the three a primary current passes into
that coil. Referring to Figure 6. The primary current enters the commutator at
roller 1 on path 1 of the commutator (Figure 7) passes out at one of the sixteen
rollers in line 2, passes round the coil connected with said roller magnetising the
magnet and causing the latter to strive to get its centre concentric with the axis
of the coil. The current then passes out of the coil by the other roller connected
with said coil in line 7 of the commutator; from there it passes back to the battery
by the roller 8. In the meantime secondary currents have been set up in the
remaining coils, especially the two nearest, each of those acted upon by the primary
current, one of those currents as shown enters the commutator at roller 9 (below)
goes out at roller 3, another enters at roller 10 goes out at roller 6. While two
others enter at rollers in the same lines as roller 2 and 9 and 7 and 10 respec-
tively, not shown, being hid by the body of the commutator, passing out by
conductors 4¹ and 5¹ respectively through wires T and other conducting rollers.
also not shown in this sectional view. The secondary currents can be used to
charge storage batteries or in other manner. Referring further to the drawings as
the non-conducting parts have all been marked R, the metal work S S is simply
to support the mechanism.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1st. The dynamo electric or electro dynamic machines arranged and constructed
substantially as herein described and illustrated.
2nd. The combination in a dynamo of a revolving magnetic ring separated at
intervals by insulating material and surrounded by a series of stationary coils the
ends of each of which are connected to a commutator in the centre, substantially, as
described.
3rd. The rolling contact apparatus substantially as described and illustrated.
4th. The arrangement of commutator substantially as described and illustrated.
5tb. The manufacture and use of a dynamo having a ring revolving through
stationary coils, resting on a cradle and rollers, and geared direct to the main shaft
by a spur wheel on the main shaft.
6th. In a dynamo in which an iron core moves relatively to its surrounding
coils drawing off the secondary currents from these coils for use in secondary
batteries or in other ways substantially as described.
Dated this 3rd day of July 1885