IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF PRODUCING A CERTAIN COLOUR OR COLOURS ON WOVEN OR TEXTILE FABRICS AND YARNS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREIN
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Harold Potter, of Darwen, in the County of
Lancaster, Carpet Manufacturer, for the Invention of" IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF PRODUCING A CERTAIN COLOUR OR
COLOURS ON WOVEN OR TEXTILE FABRICS AND YARNS, AND IN THE
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREIN."
Sealed the 23rd March 1853, and dated the 29th January 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Harold Potter at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 29th January 1853.
I, HAROLD POTTER, of Darwen, in the County of Lancaster,
Carpet Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF PRODUCING A
CERTAIN COLOR OR COLORS ON WOVEN OR TEXTILE FABRICS AND YARNS,
AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREIN," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates particularly to the process of what is
technically called Turkey red dyeing, which has generally been
accomplished by padding the material to be dyed with oil, or
other similar matter; instead of which I propose to pad the

page_text: fabrics or yarn to, be dyed with salt of manganese, and then
saturate it with oil in an exhausted receiver. I also propose, if in
practise it should be found necessary, to pass hot air through the
said receiver, by creating alternately, by the motion of an air pump
or other convenient means, a partial vacuum.
I desire it to be distinctly understood that this is only an outline
description of my Invention, which I will more fully explain in my
Complete Specification.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent, filed by the said Harold Potter in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 29th July 1853..
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
HAROLD POTTER, of Darwen, in the County of Lancaster, Carpet
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent, bearing date the twenty-ninth day of January,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three,
in the sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Harold Potter, Her
especial license that I, the said Harold Potter, my executors, ad-
ministrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Harold Potter,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, my
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF PRODUCING
A CERTAIN COLOR OR COLORS ON WOVEN OR TEXTILE FABRICS AND YARNS,
AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREIN," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Harold Potter, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly

page_text: describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Harold Potter, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement (that is to say):
My Invention relates particularly to the process of what is
technically called Turkey red dyeing, which has generally been
accomplished by padding the material to be dyed with oil or other
similar matter; instead of which I pad or saturate the fabric
or yarn with salt of manganese, and then saturate it with oil in an
exhausted receiver. My modus operandi is as follows:-Firstly, after
padding or saturating as aforesaid, I saturate the fabric or yarn
with oil by putting it in a pan and pouring oil upon it; then, by
means of an air pump, or by steam introduced below in a fulse
bottom, I drive out the air, and condense the steam by a jet of cold
water, and thus form by either means a partial vacuum below, and
the oil by the pressure of the air above is forced through the fabric
or yarn, and saturates every fibre thereof. Secondly, I then, by
the same means as before described, pass through the mass a solution
of potash very much diluted, which has the effect of oxidising the salt
of manganese, and so oxidising the oil partially. Thirdly, I pass
hot air through the mass by means of an air pump placed at each
end of the pan (the said pan being so constructed as to allow of
this arrangement), and by creating above and below alternately a
partial vacuum hot air will be forced through the entire mass till
the oil is oxidised by a heat not exceeding three hundred degrees
Fahrenheit. Fourthly, I clear off the superfluous oil by a wash
called ash-lee, made of either soda ash or potash, passing it through
the fabric or yarn, as already described, by means of the two air
pumps. After this I saturate the fabric or yarn with a liquor com-
posed of an acetate of alumina, and I clean it afterwards by means of

page_text: phospate or other suitable agent, using the two alternate air pumps
as before. I then dye the fabric or yarn by passing madder liquor
through it by means of the said alternating air pumps, which process
I continue until it is properly dyed. I then boil the mass in crystal
of tin and soap, and afterwards in soap alone till the Turkey red
dye is completed, using the two air pumps as before described..
Having thus described the nature and particulars of my said In-
vention, I desire it to be distinctly understood that I do not confine
myself to the dyeing of Turkey red color, or the use of madder, as
I can adopt this my improved method to the dyeing of any color
on woven fabrics or yarns by using, as occasion inay require, any
suitable dye stuff or composition, omitting the processes of saturating
with oil and boiling in soap and tin crystal.
In witness whereof, I, the said Harold Potter, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of July,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty three.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by
the within-named Harold
Potter, in the presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
HAROLD POTTER. (L.S.)
Patent Agent,
Manchester.