CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING PINS
Year: 1843

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Seventh day of March, in the sixth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Newton, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said William Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
and such others as I, the said William Newton, my executors, administrators,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times during the term of years therein mentioned, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, an Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING PINS," being a communication from a
foreigner residing abroad; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso,
obliging me, the said William Newton, by an instruments in writing under my
hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause
the same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the sand proviso, 1
William Newton, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures
marked thereon (that is to say):-
These improvements in machinery or apparatus for making pins consist,
in the first instance, in certain additions to machinery for making pins, by
means of which improvements more perfect formations of the heads of the
pins are effected; and, secondly, in an improved mode of straightening the
wire for making pins, previously to its being introduced into the machine, and
independently thereof.
In the accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1 represents a longitudinal section of
a machine for making pins, which machine constituted the subject of a Patent
granted by Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria to the late
Miles Berry, formerly my partner, for "Certain Improvements in Machinery
or Apparatus for Making or Manufacturing Pins and Sticking them in Paper,"
being a communication from a foreigner residing abroad; the Specification
of which Patent was duly enrolled, in the Office of the Rolls Chapel in the
High Court of Chancery, in or about the Second day of June, One thousand
eight hundred and forty.
In the said Specification and its Drawings, Fig. 3, Sheet 2, therein described,
represented a similar view of the pin-making machine to that now shewn in
the accompanying Diawing at Fig. 1, excepting inasmuch as, the novel or
improved parts are in the present added to the old construction; and for the
better understanding of the general arrangement of the machinery and its
mode of operating, I refer to the said former Specification (observing that in
my present Drawings the novel parts only are lettered). Fig. 2, in my
Drawing, is a horizontal view of the machine corresponding to Fig. 2, Sheet 1,
in the former Specification; and Fig. 3 of my Drawings is a transverse section,
corresponding to Fig. 4, Sheet 2, of the former. The object of this part of
the improvements is to form the head of each pin by two peculiar operations
instead of one, as before, by means of which a more perfect and better shaped
head is obtained. In order to illustrate this, presuming the general actuating
parts to be the same as those before described, the novel features being
auxiliaries to the former, the first novelty consists in the introduction of a
horizontal shaft A, A, placed transversely across the engine, on which there
are certain cams for working the extra heading levers traversing the heading
dies, and advancing the partially headed pin. Supposing the wire to have

page_text: been fed in by the feeding rollers F*, so lettered in the original Drawing, and
the dies to have closed previously to its length being cut off, the auxiliary
punch B, Figures 1 and 2 in my Drawing, will be forced up to partially form
the head of the pin. This auxiliary punch B, and also C, which is precisely
the same, are shewn with their appendages in two sectional views drawn of
the full size at Figs. 4 and 5. The punch and its appendages consists of the
pin or punch a, inserted into the end of a piston b, which is capable of sliding
in a thimble c, formed of two cylinders, one within the other, and a piece on
the end, having an aperture for the punch to pass through. This thimble
slides to and fro in a carrying piece d, d, which is fixed upon a stud e, and has
a lateral movement by the sliding of the bar f, f, (see Fig. 2). By the
advance of the punch a against the end of the wire, the head of the pin is
partially formed, and when this has been done the punch recedes, and the
lateral movement of the bar f is for the purpose of sliding the punch away
from the pin held in the dies: In correspondence with the operations of the
holding and cutting dies formerly described; the movements of the auxiliary
punches must be made to perform, and this is effected by giving rotary motion
to the shaft A, the cams of which are properly formed and timed to produce
and regulate the required movements. The rotation of the cam shaft A is
produced by gear from the main shaft of the old machine, and the cam D
acting against the end of an arm E attached to the bar f, as it revolves gives
the required sliding movement to the auxiliary punches. The holding dies
having received the wires, their ends stop against the faces of the carrying
pieces d, which may be regulated by the adjustment of the carrying piece on
the bar e, and the closing of the dies and cutting off of the pieces of wire is
effected as explained in the former Specification. Before the length of wire
is cut off, the auxiliary punch advances and partially forms the head, which
is effected by the following means:-Upon the rotary cam shaft A there
are two cams F, F; operating alternately upon vibrating levers G, G, which
levers at their upper ends act against the pistons b, and force them forward
with their thimbles c and punches a to form the partial heads of the
pins, and when that is effected and the cam F recedes from the lever G,
the spring I carries that and the punching apparatus back into a state
of rest. The dies now move laterally, as described in the former Specifi-
cation, for the purpose of bringing the pin opposite the central punch,
where the head of the pin is perfected. In this instance, however, the end
of the central punch is to be formed simply with a concave or recess cor-
responding to the desired shape of the top of the head. I sometimes find it
advantageous to give a little more metal for the completion of the head of the

page_text: pin, and for this purpose I employ a bell-crank lever J, J, shewn in the section,
Fig. 1, which carries at its upper end a small punch z. When the pin is
brought by the sliding of the dies into the central position to have the head
perfected, a spring K forces the lower end of the lever J into a recess in the
rotary cam L, and consequently the small punch will by that means be pro-
jected a very little distance into the dies, and the shaft of the pin accordingly
be pushed forward. In order to relieve the shaft of the pin within the dies for
a moment whilst the sliding of the pin is effected, the ordinary cams which
open and close the dies must have suitable forms given to them at those parti-
cular parts to afford the required relief. It may be necessary to observe that,
in the present arrangement I have found it convenient to employ two levers
M, M, and suitable cams N, N, for the purpose of opening and closing the
dies, in place of the former lever u, u. I have also found it desirable to place
a spring P, in order to relieve the resistance of the toggle joint levers, as shewn
in Fig. 2, which I find to afford relief to the heading punches. A modification
of the heading apparatus, in which the head of the pin is made and perfected
by the consecutive use of two solid dies and counter-dies, first for upsetting
the end of the wire, and secondly, for finishing the head, is represented in
Fig. 6, which novel arrangement is particularly applicable to Wright's pin-
making machinery, for which a Patent was granted Fifteenth May, One
thousand eight hundred and twenty-four. After the wire has been drawn
through the straightening apparatus, a piece of the requisite length is cut off at
A, and held in the fingers attached to the carrying bar, by which it is carried
to the groove in the chaps of the die B (shewn at b), between which it is firmly
held while the solid die L advances forward, and compresses the end of the
wire into the partly formed head, shown in the Figure. It is then carried
forward by another pair of fingers, and held between the chaps of the die C
(shewn at c), while the second solid die M advances forward and compresses
the partly formed head (with a further portion of wire) into its final shape,
after which it is carried by third fingers, and discharged from the machine.
The straightening apparatus, the cutting part at A, and the carrying bar and
fingers attached, are all represented in Wright's machines.
The second improvement, viz., a mode of straightening the wire for making
pins previously to its being introduced into the machine, and independently
thereof, is shewn in Figs 7 and 8 of the accompanying Drawings. The peculiar
feature of the Invention consists in the application of two sets of adjustable
straightening pins, placed at right angles to each other, and through which the
wire passes previously to its being wound upon a loose reel, which reel may
afterwards be applied to a pin machine of any ordinary construction.

page_text: Fig. 7 represents in side elevation one mode of carrying out this Invention,
and Fig. 8 is a plan or horizontal view thereof. The whole apparatus is placed
upon a table a, a, which may be of any required length. At one end of this
table are placed the two sets of adjustable pins c, c, c, c, and d, d, d, d, attached
to sliding pieces e, e, e, e, f, f, f, f, which slide in the frames g, g, h, h, and are
capable of being moved independently of each other, so as to bring the straight-
ening pins nearer to or farther from each other, by means of set screws i, i, i, i,
jjjj. The wire to be straightened is placed upon a reel k, and mounted
upon the horizontal table a, a, from thence it passes through the two sets of
adjustable pins c and d, and onwards through the fingers of the pinchers 1, 1,
and from thence through the hook or guide m, on to the reel n, n, on which it
is intended to be wound, as shewn by the red line in the Drawing. The mode
by which this is effected is as follows:-Upon the table a, a, a, is placed a
block o, o, o, sliding backwards and forwards in guides p, p, p, to each end
of which is attached an endless cord q, q, which cord passes around drums r, r,
which revolve in suitable bearings. Upon the sliding block o, o, are mounted
the pinchers I, l, which are caused to maintain a firm hold upon the wire
during the required period by means of the lever and pin s, s; thus, by com-
municating rotatory motion to the drum r by means of the winch handle t, the
endless cord 9 will be caused to travel around the said pullies, carrying with it
the sliding block o, and (by means of the pinchers 1, 1,) the wire intended to
be straightened. Towards one end of the table a, a, a, is mounted a small
pulley u, around which is placed an endless cord v, v, v,
which cord passes also
around a flange formed upon the periphery of the reel n, n.
As the sliding
block o, o, travels onward, one side of this endless cord is carried with it, in
order to cause the reel n to revolve, and wind the wire thereon; and this is
accomplished by the following means:-Upon the sliding block o is placed a
tumbler w, w, turning upon a centre pin x, x. Upon the sliding block is also
mounted a catch lever y, y, turning upon a centre pin z. Upon motion being
communicated to the sliding block o, as before described, the upper end of the
catch lever y, y, will arrive in contact with a stop 1 mounted upon a standard
attached to the table a, a, by which means the lever y, y, will be caused to turn
upon its centre 1, and, by means of its crooked arm 2, force the end of the
tumbler, and cause it to press the endless cord v, v, upon the surface of the
sliding block o, o, as shewn by dots in Fig. 7. The lever
y then
passes under
the stop 1, holding the tumbler securely in its downward position by means of
its crooked arm 2. By this arrangement the endless cord will be caused to
travel as the wire is drawn through the adjustable pins c, d, and rotatory motion
communicated to the reel n, which by its revolution winds the length of wire

page_text: away
from
thereon, in a straightened state. The block o having been drawn near to the
right-hand end of the table a, a, a, the under part of the lever y, y, will arrive
in contact with a stationary pin 3, by which means it will be caused to turn
upon its centre z-again-into the position shewn in the -Drawing, and there
retained by means of the spring 4, ithus liberating the endless cord v, v, from
the pressure of the tumbler w, w; at the same period also the lever s, 8, of the
pinchers 1, 1, will have arrived in contact with the stationary pin.5,.by which
means it will be caused to turn upon its centre, carrying its pin s
the notch formed in the arm of the pinchers l, l, which will then open by the
action of the spring 6, and thus liberate the wire from their gripe. In order
that the reel n, n, may not continue to revolve after the pinchers have released
the wire, the sliding block o,.o, on arriving at the end of its forward motion,
strikes against a lever 7, which turns upon a centré pin attached to the table
a, a. To this lever is affixed a spring 8, acting against one end of a lever
drag 9, 9, which turns upon a centre pin 10, so that on the travelling block o
arriving in contact with the lever 7, the lever.drag 9 will. be caused to turn upon
its centre 10, and bring its outward end in contact with the periphery of the
reel n, n. The winch handle:may then be turned in the reverse direction, and
the sliding block 0, 0, and its appendages carried back into the position shewn
in the Drawing, when another length of straightened wire may be wound upon
the reel n, n, as above described. Should it be desired to wind the wire around
the reel n, n, in the reverse direction, the standard and stop 1 may be removed
and placed in the mortice 11 on the other side of the sliding block. The catch
lever on the corresponding side will then be forced down and press the cord
upon the block, when, on rotary motion being communicated to. the drum r, as
before described, the wire will be wound upon the drum on the reverse side.
Having now described the improved machinery or apparatus for making
pins, which forms the subject of the Invention communicated to me, as above
said, I desire it to be observed that the particular features of novelty intended
to be claimed under the said in part recited Letters Patent are,-
First, the construction of the punch and its appendages,. as described above,
for upsetting the ends of the wire constituting the pin shafts, and partially
forming the heads thereon, when used in connexion with another punch for
more perfectly forming the heads.
Secondly, the contrivance for advancing the pin shaft, in order to force more
metal into the head.
"Thirdly, the apparatus for advancing, sliding, and withdrawing the auxiliary
punches.

page_text: Fifthly, the peculiar forms of the first pair of dies and counter-dies, in con-
nexion with the second pair of dies and counter-dies, as shewn at Fig. 6, and
made applicable to Wright's pin-making machinery.
And, lastly, the construction and arrangement of two series of pins for
straightening the wire, as above described, whether employed in connection
with the described apparatus for drawing and winding it on to the reel, or by
any other means.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Newton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventh day of September, One thousand eight
hundred and forty-three.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Seventh day of September,
in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid William Newton came before
our Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of
the Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the same Seventh day of September, in the year above written.