IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GRINDING GRAIN, DRUGS, COLORS, OR OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
BROUGHTON, of New Basinghall Street, in the City of London, Millwright,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-first day of July, in the ninth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Broughton, Her especial license, full power, solo privilege and
authority, that I, the said William Broughton, my executors, adñors, and
assigns, and such others as I, the said William Broughton, my executors,
admors, or assigns, ahould at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times during the term of years therein mentioned, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales,
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in all Her Majesty's Colonies and
Plantations abroad, and in the Islands of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, Sark,
and Man, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
GRINDING GRAIN, DRUGS, COLORS, OR OTHER SUBSTANCES;" in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso obliging me, the said William Broughton, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and
ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, and to cause the same to be enrolled in Her Majesty's

page_text: High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Broughton, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being
had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say):—
These Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Grinding Grain, Drugs,
Colors, or other Substances, consist in a novel construction and arrangement of
minchinery to be employed in place of the ordinary kinds of rotary mills used
for pulverizing corn and other hard materials, the principal novel feature of
which is, that the upper grinding stone, or at least one of the pair of stones,
receives a reciprocating lateral movement instead of a rotary movement, as in
ordinary kinds of flour mills. A convenient mode of constructing and
arranging the parts of such a mill is shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the improved mill; Fig. 2, an elevation repro-
senting the back of the same; Fig. 3, a horizontal view, as it would appear
when seen from above; Fig. 4, an end elevation; and Fig. 5, a vertical section,
taken transversely through the 'machine near the middle, in the same direction
as Fig. 4, in all which Figures similar letters of reference indicate the same
parts of the machine. A, A, A, points out the framework and standards,
having a segmental slotted stretcher a, a, at each end, seen in Figs. 4 and 5.
B is the lower, or what may be called the bed stone of the mill, C the upper
or grinding stone. These stones I prefer to be of French burrs, but they
may be of other suitable material. They are imbedded in rectangular iron
cases or boxes b, b, b, and c, c, c, by packings of plaster, but the forms of these
boxes or cases may be varied according to the shape of the stones. The lower
stone B is firmly fixed to the framework, but is capable of adjustment as to
its inclination. The upper stone C lies above, and is parallel with the lower
stone, and is made to slide laterally upon horizontal guide rods. The space z, z,
between the faces of the two stones B and C, as seen in Fig. 5, forms the
channel for the grain or other material to pass down, and from whence the
flour or pulverized material is discharged through a spout y at bottom. The
case b, b, with tho bedstone B, is connected by joint pins to brackets affixed
to the back longitudinal rail of the framework, as seen at d, d, in Figs. 3
and 5, and upon which brackets it may be said to hang. The lower part of
the said case 6 and bedstone B is supported by arms e, e, having studs f, which

page_text: are passed through, and are capable of sliding in the curved slots of the
segment stretchers a, a, at the ends of the framework. These studs have
nuts screwed upon them for the purpose of fixing to the segment stretchers
the box 6, with its bedstone B, at any desired angle of elevation, and thereby
making it fast in the framework in its required position. The case c, c, c,
with the upper stone C, is suspended by plummer boxes g, g, which slide upon
a transverse horizontal rod h, h, mounted in the upper parts of the moveable
end plates D, D (one of which end plates is shewn detached at Fig. 6), and
the lower part of the said case c and stone C is supported by similar sliding
plummer boxes i, i, upon a corresponding transverse horizontal rod k, k,
mounted in the lower parts of the said moveable end plates D, D. One of
these moveable end plates D is attached to each end of the case 6 of the
lower stone B by means of a screw shaft 7, mounted in a plummer box m,
extending from the back of the case 6, which screw shaft 7 passes through a
เ
lug n on the outer side of the plate D, seen in Fig. 4. These end plates D, D,
are also supported by bracket pieces p, attached to the ends of the cases b, b,
and there are adjusting screws, seen in Figs. 4 and 5, for regulating the posi-
tions of the plates D, on which, through the horizontal rods h and k, the upper
stone C is pendant. The coincidence of the faces of the two stonos, as shewn
in the section Fig. 5, being thus effected, their distance apart, in order to
enable them to grind different materials, may be regulated by turning the
screw shafts 1, 1, simultaneously, which is done by means of the longitudinal
shaft 9, 9 (scen in Fig. 2). This shaft is mounted in plummer boxes, extending
from the back of the case b, and has two worms r, r, upon it, which severally
take into the pinions s, s, fixed on the ends of the screw shafts 1, 1. A slight
rotary movement of the longitudinal shaft 9 will by this contrivance cause the
screw shafts to turn and the end plates D, D, to be slidden, by which the faces
of the stones will be made to approach toward or recede from each other, a
mode of instant adjustment, which is immediately under the command of the
workman.
Having described a construction and arrangement of machinery suitable for
mounting and adjusting mill stones to be worked on my improved principle, I
now proceed to show the means which I have found eligible for working tho
stones longitudinally. At one end of the frame or standards (scen best in
Fig. 4) I attach an adjustable bracket E, E, with plummer blocks t, t, which
carry a crank shaft F. This shaft may be driven by a winch or handle fixed
in the fly wheel G, or by an endless band from any first mover passed round a
pulley H, or by any other suitable means. To the crank of this shaft Fan
iron strap or link I is attached (as seen in Figs. 2, 3, and 4), the reverse end

page_text: of which link is connected to the case c of the upper stone C by a joint
pin v passed through lugs extending from the end of the case c. It will hence
be perceived that by the rotations of the crank shaft the reciprocating lon-
gitudinal movements of the upper stone will be produced, by which the
grinding of the corn or other material under operation will be effected. For
the purpose of feeding this mill, I place a loose hopper K upon bracket
arms L, L, extending from the upper part of the standard, into which hopper
the corn or other material is to be introduced and discharged therefrom through
an aperture below in the ordinary way. The corn or other material thence
falls into a trough M, which trough is supported at one side loosely upon a
pin in the bracket arm N, and at the other side is suspended by a cord w,
passed over pulleys, and made fast to an adjustablo pin in the front rail of the
standard A, by which means the trough may be more or less inclined from the
horizontal, as may be desired. In order to furnish a constant supply of corn
or other material to the stones, the trough M should be agitated. This may
be done by means of a spring and cord n, which draws the trough in ono
direction, whilst an upright pin a, fixed at the upper part of the case c, as
the stone C moves to and fro in lateral directions, is at every returning move-
ment made to strike against an arm extending from the front of the trough,
and by the concussion to shake the trough and cause the corn or other material
to descend through an aperture into the shute P, which conducts it to the
channel between the stones, and after being there ground, it falls in a pul-
verized state through the spout y into a receptacle below.
In concluding this description of my Improvements in Machinery or
Apparatus for Grinding Grain, Drugs, Colors, or other Substances, I desire
it to be understood that I claim as my Invention, and the subject matter
secured to me under the above in part recited Letters Patent,-
First, the construction of machinery or apparatus for grinding, shown in the
accompanying Drawings; and,
Secondly, my modification or variation of the same, by which the stones
placed in inclined positions may be made, one or both of them, to receive
reciprocating movements for the purpose of grinding grain, drugs, colors, or
other materials.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Broughton, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-five.
WILLIAM (1.s.) BROUGHTON.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Sixth day of October,
in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid William Broughton came before
our Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the Twenty-first day of January. One thousand eight hundred