Manufacture of a High Grade Albumin Preparation from Rape Seed and Rape Seed Cake.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 26th June, 1899
Complete Specification Left, 3rd Feb., 1900-Accepted, 31st Mar., 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Manufacture of a High Grade Albumin Preparation from Rape Seed
and Rape Seed Cake.
We, Profr. Dr. EMIL FROMм, of 6, Bismarkstrasse, Freiburg, Baden, and
Dr. TITUS VICTOR BREDT, of 9-19, Landsbergstrasse, Cologne, Germany, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The technical manufacture of food preparations rich in albuminous matter
from vegetable waste products, such as the press cakes from oil-mills, and the
like, has heretofore been subject to a series of difficulties whereby the products
are rendered comparatively dear. On this account it has not been possible to
obtain from the said materials a really popular food consisting of high grade
albuminous bodies, although the high percentage of albumin contained in large
quantities of materials that have heretofore only been used for cattle food was
well known.
Although for scientific purposes albumin has been obtained from seeds by
comparatively easy and simple methods, these methods could not be applied to
the technical production of albumin from the said substances because the yield
of albumin was much too small, so that although the materials treated were
cheap, the production of the albumin would have been too expensive. More
or less difficult and complicated methods of purification were consequently
adopted, in which, as in the process of Finkler, the use of bases and acids, as
also the employment of oxidising agents and the like, was necessary.
Also with these processes various technical difficulties arose, which could only
be imperfectly got over and which considerably increased the expense of
manufacture.
We have discovered that in treating rape seed with water, the action of the
water thereon can be so conducted that a tasteless and odourless albumin pre-
paration is obtained therefrom, which in addition, is distinguished by the fact
that it consists almost entirely of albumin, and consequently represents an
albumin preparation of the highest percentage.
As initial material may be used either rape seed, or preferably, the rape-
seed cake remaining in the oil manufacture.
Rapeseed cake still contains about 10 p.c. of fat. The material is according
to this invention, reduced to a fine powder and is mixed with water at a tem-
perature that must be below the coagulation temperature of albumin, the tem-
perature being preferably between 30° and 40° C., as water at a higher tem-
perature would cause the remaining oil to separate, whereby the treatment of
the albumin obtained would be rendered more difficult, and the residue would
become less valuable as cattle food.
The aqueous solution is separated from the residue, and is heated so as to
coagulate the albumin. It is not possible to precipitate considerable quantities
of the dissolved albumin (such as are required for technical purposes) by means
of acids, even when avoiding an excess thereof; it is necessary to effect the
coagulation by heating.
The non-observance of this requirement explains the former observations of

page_text: Ritthausen, to the effect that the treatment of rapeseed cake with cold water
gives a weakly acid yellow liquid from which acetic acid will only precipitate
small quantities.
By the above described means it is possible to obtain between 7 and 10 per
cent. of albumin, relatively to the quantity of rape seed.
If, in the process other oil cake or seed were employed in place of rape seed,
such as linseed cake or leguminous meal, only at most 0.7 to 0.8 per cent. of
albumin could be obtained, while in numerous. cases no albuminous matter at
all could be produced.
The preparation obtained as above described is entirely free from odour and
flavour.
The substances that cause odour and flavour and that are detrimental, becomie
dissolved in the process, and are consequently removed in the solution after
the coagulation and separation of the albumin. The albumin preparation is
of a very high grade, containing nearly 100 per cent. albumin.
As the product can only be filtered with difficulty it is advisable, after slightly
washing the same, to dry it either in vacuo or in a current of air, and to crushi
it to a fine powder. The product thus obtained is of a granular nature, and
can be easily washed, filtered and dried.
The washing is then completed. The residuum remaining after the above
described process forms a valuable cattle food, while the residue from the pro-
cess for the extraction of albumin by means of bases and the like is of very
much lower value.
The German Patent No. 89,819 describes a process for obtaining a nutritious
extract from yeast; this does not however contain albumin that can be coagu-
lated by boiling.
As before stated, only rape seed or rape seed cake can be employed for
obtaining technically a high grade albumin by lixiviation and coagulation. The
other seeds either yield no precipitate at all or only a small amount of pre-
cipitate on boiling the extract obtained by treatment with water, and this pre-
cipitate contains in addition to albumin, considerable quantities of other bodies,
so that the value of this product as human food is not equal in value to the
albumin obtained from rape seed.
The albumin obtained from the seeds by extraction by means of alkali is too
dear in consequence of the first cost of the initial material and of the reagents,
and in addition it is utilised in the animal body to a much less degree than the
albumin obtained by the above described process from rape seed.
In the extraction of albumin by means of alkali a previous removal of the
fatty constituents is necessary which is not the case with the above described
process, such removal being necessary because otherwise alkali sebate enters into
solution with the albumin, and is also precipitated therewith on treatment with
acid.
Such removal of the fat causes expense and reduces the value of the residue
as cattle food.
Manufacture of a High Grade Albumin Preparation from Rape Seed
and Rape Seed Cake.
We, Profr. Dr. EMIL FROMM, of G, Bismarkstrasse, Freiburg, Baden, and
Dr. Tirus VICTOR BREDT, of 9-19, Landsbergstrasse, Cologne, Germany, .do
.
:

page_text: ereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
erformed to be. particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
atement:
The technical manufacture of food preparations rich in albuminous matter
om vegetable waste products, such as the press cakes from oil mills, and the
ke, has heretofore been subject to a series of difficulties whereby the products
re rendered comparatively dear. On this account it has not been possible to
btain from the said materials a really popular food consisting of high grade
lbuminous bodies, although the high percentage of albumin contained in large
uantities of materials that have heretofore only been used for cattle food was
vell known.
Although for scientific purposes albumin has been obtained from seeds by
comparatively easy and simple methods these methods could not be applied to
he technical production of albumin from the said substances because the yield
of albumin was much too small, so that although the materials treated were
cheap, the production of the albumin would have been too expensive. More
or less difficult and complicated methods of purification were consequently
adopted, in which, as in the process of Finkler, the use of bases and acids, as
also the employment of oxidising agents and the like, was necessary.
Also with these processes various technical difficulties arose, which could only
be imperfectly got over and which considerably increased the expense of
manufacture.
We have discovered that in treating rape seed with water, the action of the
water thereon can be so conducted that a tasteless and odourless albumin pre-
paration is obtained therefrom, which in addition, is distinguished by the fact
"that it consists almost entirely of albumin and consequently represents an
albumin preparation of the highest percentage.
As initial material may be used either rape seed, or preferably, the rape
seed cake remaining in the oil manufacture.
Rape seed cake still contains about 10 p.c. of fat. The material is according
to this invention, reduced to a fine powder and is mixed with water at a. tem-
perature that must be below the coagulation temperature of albumin, the tem-
perature being preferably between 30° and 40° C.. as water at a higher tem-
perature would cause the remaining oil to separate, whereby the treatment of
the albumin obtained would be rendered more difficult, and the residue would
become less valuable as cattle food.
The aqueous solution is separated from the residue, and is heated so as to
coagulate the albumin. It is not possible to precipitate considerable quantities
of the dissolved albumin (such as are required for technical purposes) by means
of acids, even when avoiding an excess thereof; it is necessary to effect the
coagulation by heating.
The non-observance of this requirement explains the former observations of
Ritthausen to the effect that the treatment of rape seed cake with cold water
gives a weakly acid yellow liquid from which acetic acid will only precipitate
5 small quantities.
By the above described means it is possible to obtain between 7 and 10 per
cent. of albumin, relatively to the quantity of rape seed.
If in the process other oil cake or seed were employed in place of rape seed,
such as linseed cake or leguminous meal, only at most 0.7 to 0.8 per cent. of
0 albumin could be obtained, while in numerous cases no albuminous matter at
all could be produced.
The preparation obtained as above described is entirely free from odour and
flavour.
:
The substances that cause odour and flavour and that are detrimental, become
55 dissolved in the process, and are consequently removed in the solution after
the coagulation and separation of the albumin. The albumin preparation is
of a very high grade, containing nearly 100 per cent. albumin.

page_text: As the product can only be filtered with difficulty it is advisable, after slightly
washing the same, to dry it either in vacuo or in a current of air, and to crush
it to a fine powder. The product thus obtained is of a granular nature, and
can be easily washed filtered and dried.
The washing is then completed. The residuum remaining after the above
described process forms a valuable cattle food, while the residue from the pro-
cess for the extraction of albumin by means of bases and the like is of very
much lower value.
The German Patent No. 89,819 describes a process for obtaining a nutritious
extract from yeast; this does not however contain albumin that can be coagu-
lated by boiling.
As before stated, only rape seed or rape seed cake can be employed for
obtaining technically a high grade albumin by lixiviation and coagulation. The
other seeds either yield no precipitate at all or only a small amount of pre-
cipitate on boiling the extract obtained by treatment with water, and this pre-
cipitate contains in addition to albumin, considerable quantities of other bodies,
80 that the value of this product as human food is not equal in value to the
albumin obtained from rape seed.
The albumin obtained from the seeds by extraction by means of alkali is too
dear in consequence of the first cost of the initial material and of the reagents,
and in addition it is utilised in the animal body to a much less degree than the
albumin obtained by the above described process from rape seed.
In the extraction of albumin by means of alkali a previous removal of the
fatty constituents is necessary which is not the case with the above described
process, such removal being necessary because otherwise alkali sebate enters into
solution with the albumin, and is also precipitated therewith on treatment
with acid.
Such removal of the fat causes expense and reduces the value of the residue
as cattle food.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:
Manufacture of a high grade albumin preparation from rape seed or rape seed
cake, by first lixiviating the rape meal after reduction to a fine powder, with
water of a lower temperature than that at which the albumin coagulates and at
which the oil separates, the resulting liquid being then heated so as to precipitate
the albumin by coagulation substantially as described.
Dated this 3rd day of February 1900.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.