IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COLORS FOR DYEING AND PRINTING
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Chambers Nicholson, of Herne Hill, in
the County of Surrey, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COLORS FOR DYEING AND PRINTING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Chambers
Nicholson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 19th October 1872.
I, EDWARD CHAMBERS NICHOLSON, of Herne Hill, in the County of
Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COLORS FOR DYEING AND PRINTING,"
to be as follows:-
In the production of colors from aniline it is the general practice to
employ what is known as arsenic acid, which, when heated with aniline,
produces coloring matters which have as their base rosaniline. Now this
Invention relates to the substitution for arsenic acid in and for the pro-
duction of colors from aniline, of nitric acid, and of hydrochloric acid, by
the employment of which acids in conjunction with an excess of aniline,
and upon the application of a sufficient and prolonged heat, viz., of a
temperature of about from 350 degrees to about 400 degrees Fahrenheit
to such mixture or combination the desired coloring matters are produced.

page_text: In carrying out my Invention I take about 3 parts by weight of com-
mercial aniline, such as is now generally employed for the production of
red aniline dyes, and I add thereto about one part by weight of nitric
acid of about the specific gravity 1420, and about one part by weight of
hydrochloric acid of about the specific gravity 1160, the mixture or com-
bination being contained in a boiler or other suitable vessel. I heat the
same to a temperature of from about 350 degrees to about 400 degrees
Fahrenheit, until the conversion of the aniline and the compounds of
aniline unto the desired coloring matters is effected, which result can be
ascertained by occasionally testing the contents of the boiler.
I have mentioned the temperature of about 350 degrees to about
400 degrees Fahrenheit as I find that the employment of such an
elevated temperature is much more advantageous than the employment
of a lower temperature, such, for example, as a temperature of about
212 degrees Fahrenheit, or the temperature of boiling water.
Having effected the desired result the contents of the boiler or other
suitable vessell are removed, and the coloring matters extracted there-
from by means of boiling water or other solvent, and the coloring matters
thus separated may be either employed direct, or may be subjected to
purification, or the base, viz., rosaniline, may be separated therefrom by
means of an alkali, or of an alkaline carth, as is well understood.
I wish it to be understood that although I have given the proportions
with which I have obtained good results, I do not limit myself to such,
as they may be modified.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Chambers Nicholson in the Great Scal
Patent Office on the 18th April 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
CHAMBERS NICHOLSON, of Herne Hill, in the County of Surrey, Gentle-
man, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-two, in tho
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-

page_text: cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Edward Chambers Nicholson,
Her special license that I, the said Edward Chambers Nicholson, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Edward Chambers Nicholson, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COLORS FOR
DYEING AND PRINTING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Edward Chambers Nicholson, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Chambers Nicholson, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, that is to say:—
In the production of colors from aniline it is the general practice to
employ what is known as arsenic acid, which, when treated with aniline
produces coloring matters which have as their base rosaniline. Now my
Invention relates to the substitution for arsenic acid in and for the
production of colors from aniline of nitric acid, and of hydrochloric acid,
by the employment of which acids in conjunction with an excess of
aniline, and upon the application of a sufficient and prolonged heat, viz*.,
of a temperature of about from 350° to about 400° Fahrenheit to such
mixture or combination the desired coloring matters are produced.
In carrying out my Invention I take about three parts by weight of
commercial aniline, such as is now generally employed for the production
of red aniline dyes, and I add thereto about one part by weight of nitric
acid of about the specific gravity 1420, and about one part by weight of
hydrochloric acid of about the specific gravity 1160, the mixture or
combination being contained in a boiler or other suitable vessel. I heat
the same to a temperature of from about 350° to about 400° Fahrenheit,
until the conversion of the aniline and the compounds of aniline into tho

page_text: desired coloring matters is effected, which result can be ascertained by
occasionally testing the contents of the boiler.
I have mentioned the temperature of about 350° to about 400°
Fahrenheit, as I find that the employment of such an elevated tem-
perature is much more advantageous than the employment of a lower
temperature, such, for example, as a temperature of about 212° Fahren-
heit or the temperature of boiling water.
Having effected the desired result, the contents of the boiler or other
suitable vessels are removed, and the coloring matters extracted therefrom
by means of boiling water or other solvent, and the coloring matters
thus separated may be either employed direct, or may be subjected to
purification, or the base, viz., rosaniline, may be separated there-
from by means of an alkali, or of an alkaline earth, as is well under-
stood.
I wish it to be understood that although I have given the proportions
with which I have obtained good results, I do not limit myself to such,
as they may be modified.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider
to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured
to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the employ-
ment of a mixture of hydrochloric and of nitric acids in conjunction with
aniline at or about the temperature and in the manner herein mentioned,
for the purpose of producing coloring matters therefrom.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Chambers Nicholson, have
to this my Specification set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of
April One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
E. CHAMBERS NICHOLSON. (L.s.)