matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOT AND SHOE HEELS, AND IN MACHINERY TO BE USED THEREIN
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexandre César Barnabé Malois
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 30th January 1862.
I, the undersigned ALEXANDRE CÉSAR BARNABÉ MALOIS, Bootmaker, at
Paris, in the Empire of France, of 29, Boulevart St Martin, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF BOOT AND SHOE HEELS, AND IN MACHINERY TO BE USED THEREIN," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved manufacture of heels for boots and
shoes, which are formed of one and the same piece of leather, suitably shaped
by means of a special machine of my Invention, which stamps it in such.
manner as to force the edges of the leather to fold over on themselves, so as
to form the shell or frame of the heel, which is afterwards filled up with discs of
leather in order to complete it. I form these improved heels by means of an.
improved pressing and moulding machine, which consists of a bench or frame,..
on which is fixed a lever press. On said frame and immediately under the screw.
of the press, is placed a matrix of cast iron, solidly fixed to the frame, the
interior of the matrix being hollowed out according to the form of heel.
required to be obtained. I also employ a circular plate, on which the end of
the lever acts; it is furnished with three punches, arranged in the form of a
triangle, which are employed in the manufacture of the heels.. The leather,,
after being suitably shaped, is placed on the matrix, and the first stamping.

page_text: punch brought down on it, which by its pressure forms the hollow part of the
heel. The leather being turned up by this first operation, the punch is raised
by means of the lever, and a second punch brought to bear on the heel, to
effect the fixing of the disc of leather in place, which is also facilitated by means
of a glutinous matter previously introduced into the hollow part of the heel.
The apparatus is then again raised, and a third punch placed in position over
the matrix, but before bringing it into operation care should be taken to fold
inwards and press down by hand the edges or tongues of leather of the shell
or exterior of the heel, which have likewise glutinous matter applied to them;
when this has been effected the third punch is brought into operation, which
at the same time closes the heel, affixes a mark upon it, which it bears in
relief, and also gives it the form desired; when this is effected the heel is ready
for use. Such is the improved moulding apparatus of my Invention for
manufacturing heels for boots and shoes; further, I claim the mechanical
manufacture of such heels generally.
A NEW KIND OF LACE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Celestine Adrienne Fontaine Collette
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd December 1862.
I, CELESTINE ADRIENNE FONTAINE COLLETTE, of Giberville, near Caen,
Department of Calvados, in the Empire of France, Lace Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW KIND OF LACE,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the reproduction in coloured silk lace of all
natural, artificial, or fancy flowers, or of any other coloured designs or patterns,
to be applied to various uses, such as ornamental flowers for state robes, ball
dresses, parasols, screens, fans, and all sorts of articles of the same or other
kinds.
In order to obtain these various products I first puncture the model or
pattern to be reproduced on cartoons, I then proceed in the ordinary manner
of making common lace, but with as many bobbins of silk of the required
colour as may be necessary, that silk known as Alais silk being preferred, not
confining myself to that kind of silk however, as several other materials such as
bobbin, flat cord, twist, brass and iron wire and other kinds whatsoever may
be used according to the work required to be done. I desire it to be well
understood that I not only claim this new mode of making lace, but that I
also claim as quite new the production (by all the ordinary and well known

page_text: methods of making lace by hand or machinery as well as by the above described
means) of a new and industrial produce, and the exclusive property and
privilege of producing the same as herein-above set down and shown by the
present.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN KNITTING MACHINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Clay Lee at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th April
1862.
I. HENRY CLAY LEE, of 11, Lawrence Poultney Lane, in the City of
London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN KNITTING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to knitting machines in which sliding hooked
spring needles are employed, and its objects are simplicity of construction and
the production by the machine and with a series of needles of one gauge of a
greater variety of work than bas heretofore been accomplished by machines of
this class under similar conditions. I employ needles having the bend of the
book made larger than usual, so as to allow the thread or yarn to be drawn
through them and to be crimped, as herein described, instead of by means of
jacks, sinkers, or combs, or other ordinary appliances for taking off sufficient
thread or yarn to form the loops and laying it in proper position for formation
of the next series of loops. This operation I effect by constructing the machine
with a travelling yarn. carrier or thread guide and with a travelling presser,
both stationary in respect of the length or sliding movement of the needles,
and with a series of stops between the needles to hold back the thread,
according to the distance that the needles shall be depressed or passed
beyond the stops. I cause the sliding movement of the needles by inclined
surfaces in a groove or otherwise as heretofore, but I regulate the degree
of such movement by an adjustable cam in the line or path of the

page_text: inclined surfaces; and instead of the ordinary presser for closing the needles
I use a travelling rotary burr presser, which receives its motion from contact
with the needles, acts as a fair leader to the thread or yarn, and by having the
special peculiarity of inclined surfaces between its teeth or between some of
them, closes the needles or some of them accordingly as such surfaces are
arranged. The changing the burr presser in combination with the adjustment
of the depression or sliding of the needles will afford not only a further regu-
lation of the length of thread or yarn to be crimped or taken off the spool, but
will enable a great variety of stitch to be effected. The machine may have
the needles arranged in a vertical or horizontal frame, and the series disposed
either cylindrically, or in a plane, or any other convenient form.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLESH GLOVES AND FLESH STRAPS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Lawrence at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th March
1862.
I, GEORGE LAWRENCE, of Newton Terrace, Westbourne Grove, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLESH GLOVES AND FLESH STRAPS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of flesh
gloves and flesh straps. Heretofore flesh gloves and flesh straps have been so
constructed as to be suitable respectively only for their distinct and separate
uses.
Now my improvements consist in so manufacturing flesh gloves and flesh
straps that the same instruments may be used at different times, either as
flesh gloves or as flesh straps. For these purposes flesh gloves are made in a
manner very similar to that now commonly practised, but with a strap at one
end of each glove, and the other end of each flesh glove is formed in such
manner as to be readily joined or connected with its fellow glove by means of
buttons or other fastenings. Thus a flesh strap will consist of two flesh gloves
fastened end to end, having straps at the ends to draw the flesh strap to
and fro over the surface of the skin on the back or other parts of the body of
the user. The two flesh gloves of which a flesh strap is composed when
detached or separated the one from the other are capable of being used when
drawn on the hands in the ordinary manner in which flesh gloves have been
heretofore used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF THE PRODUCT FROM IRON BLAST FURNACES (WHETHER MOULDED OR OTHERWISE), USUALLY TERMED PIG OR CAST IRON OR CASTINGS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Geoghegan Willans, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
May 1862.
I, JACOB GEOGHEGAN WILLANS, of 2, Clarence Place, Belfast, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF
THE PRODUCT FROM IRON BLAST FURNACES (WHETHER MOULDED OR OTHERWISE),
USUALLY TERMED PIG OR CAST IRON OR CASTINGS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the treatment of the product from iron blast
furnaces, usually termed pig or cast iron; also to the treatment of castings
made of same (whether deprived of more or less carbon, or otherwise).
1st, to render pig or cast iron more conveniently malleable, by causing an
intimate intermixture therewith of unsqueezed puddled iron, or of crushed
puddled ball, or oxide of iron (alone or in combination) and having the mixture
to pass through and in contact with burning carbonaceous matter or gases to
which atmospheric air be applied by a draught or apparatus; and also
collecting the fused metal in moulds passed before or under the tap hole
consecutively, or having it sufficiently heated for amalgamation in a pot,
crucible, or reverberatory furnace.
2nd, the abstraction of carbon from iron castings by heating them in contact
with a fused oxidizing substance, which consists of a metallic oxide (alone or
in combination), not volatile, but fusible at a lower temperature than the
castings, such as may be obtained by the use of oxides of lead or iron.

page_text: 3rd, solidifying and rendering iron castings (whether more or less decar-
buretted or otherwise) more tough by compressing them out of the original
moulds, as follows:-By applying the required pressure on some suitable
substance surrounding the same (when heated or otherwise) capable of trans-
mitting the pressure to the different surfaces of the casting without damaging
its form, such substance being either gaseous, fluid, pulverulent, elastic, or
compressible into shape.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR COMBING WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Charles Eastwood and
John Eastwood, junior, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 13th November 1862.
We, THOMAS CHARLES EASTWOOD and JOHN EASTWOOD, junior, of Marshall
Mill, Bradford, in the County of York, Machine Wool Combers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR COMBING WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of a series of combs, each
mounted upon a stem or arm constructed or formed so as to be capable of
sliding in a continuous groove or grooves of suitably formed framework, and
carrying the combs into contact with ordinary feeding heads or nipping rollers,
which supply wool or other fibre to be combed. The said combs detach tufts
therefrom in succession, the ends of which tufts are cleansed by card surfaces.
The combs when thus supplied with fibre and cleansed at the projecting ends
are caused to travel forward and turn on their stems or arms, so that the
combs are in succession placed end to end with each other, thus forming a
continuous travelling comb or chain comb, from which the fibre is drawn off
in sliver by ordinary drawing-off rollers, and the noil removed by the usual
means. The combs thence pass forward in the circuit, and again turn on their
stems, assuming their former position before coming into contact again with
the feeding heads, from which they receive another supply, and so on, con-
tinuing to circulate in the groove or grooves of the frame.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CIGAR TUBES AND IN CIGAR AND PIPE MOUTHPIECES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st October
1862.
I, CHARLES CLARK, of 361, City Road, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CIGAR
TUBES AND IN CIGAR AND PIPE MOUTHPIECES," to be as follows (that is to say):-
My Invention consists of a hollow mouthpiece terminating in a small tube
perforated longitudinally, pointed, and barbed. In using this mouthpiece the
piercer or pointed end is inserted at the end of the cigar, or at the side if
necessary. In hollowing the mouthpiece in which the tube or piercer is fixed
I
carry the opening of the tube (which encircles the piercer), and into which
opening the end of the cigar is intended to be partially inserted, of sufficient
length from the point of the piercer inwards towards the mouth end to leave
an open space or cavity between the end of the cigar and the junction of the
outer or cigar tube and the inner or piercer tube, to intercept the oil of the
tobacco secreted by condensation when smoking; by thus making the tube
inverted and double, the oil collected in the cavity cannot enter the mouth
or escape until the entire cigar is consumed or the end removed. To prevent
the piercer tube from splitting the cigar, instead of making it terminate in a
tapered tube or single piercer, I divide the tube and point and barb each half
so that it forms a double-pronged piercer. The tube and invert may be made
wholly of metal, or the piercer or inner tube of metal and the outer tubes of
amber, ivory, horn, bone, glass, or any other material or materials suited for

page_text: the purpose. When made of glass or other moulding material, I propose to
form the inverted tubé and outer tube in one, and merely insert in a cavity
formed in the latter to receive it a barbed piece made of wire, with a ring or
expanding spring head to fit into and fix itself in the cavity of the tube just
mentioned. Mouthpieces of the latter description I propose to use on the ends
of pipes, or for cigarettes. The latter (cigarettes) and cigars may also be manu-
factured with these tubes upon them entire. The piercers may be made of other
forms than those above described, and with spiral or partially spiral coils;
the two-pronged piercer may be bent so as to form a swell to open the end of
the cigar and cause it to fill the outer tube, and cause it to fit tightly.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING FABRICS OR ARTICLES COMPOSED OF ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES FOR THE PURPOSE OF SEPARATING ONE CLASS FROM ANOTHER
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Bell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th February
1862.
I, ROBERT BELL, of 41, Westland Row, Dublin,. Esquire, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING FABRICS OR
ARTICLES COMPOSED OF ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES FOR THE PURPOSE OF
SEPARATING ONE CLASS FROM ANOTHER," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in subjecting fabrics or articles composed of animal
and vegetable substances to the action of muriate or hypochlorate of man-
ganese, by preference, such as is ordinarily obtained as a residuum in the
manufacture of bleaching powder and other manufactures, or to the action of
hydrochloric acid or waste muriatic acid from various manufactures, and after-
wards to the action of urine or chloride of sodium, and to the process of
washing in rain water, or in water containing an alkali, by which means the
vegetable substances are dissolved and washed away, and the animal substances
are separated and retained for use. The fabrics or articles to be operated
upon are first to be sorted, so that only one animal substance shall be treated
in conjunction with one or more vegetable substances at one process. The
materials are to be put into a bath consisting of any kind of well-known
chemical pan, and the acids mentioned are poured thereon, being first diluted
according to the strength of the vegetable substances to be acted upon. The
bath is then to be heated by steam to a temperature of about 170 degrees or

page_text: 180 degrees Fahrenheit. The materials are to be so treated for thirty to fifty
minutes, according to the strength of the vegetable substances to be acted on
by the acids. The materials are then to be placed in a cold bath composed of
either urine or common salt and water, for about ten minutes, when they are
to be removed and washed in water, either rain water or water containing an
alkali, & then laid out to dry. The result being that the acids having
dissolved the vegetable substances and the water having washed them away,
there remains only the animal substance, which may be made use of as
desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CRINOLINE SKIRTS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Dan Saul and Moses Morris at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
21st November 1862.
We, DAN SAUL, of Swinton, near the City of Manchester, Cotton Spinner,
and MOSES MORRIS, of the same. Place, Manager, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
CRINOLINE SKIRTS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as
follows:-
In manufacturing crinoline skirts it has heretofore been customary to form
the skirt of a number of annular hoops or rings of wire or other material, the
ends of which are connected by suitable fasteners; now our Invention consists
in making the skirt of a continuous length of crinoline wire or other material
which is wound in a spiral form from one end of the skirt to the other, thus
avoiding the necessity of fasteners for securing the ends of the wire, excepting
only the fastening at each end of the skirt; the spiral coils of wire or other
material must be connected by the usual suspenders.
Our improved apparatus for manufacturing crinoline skirts consists of a
central shaft, on which are fixed two or more sets of arms carrying ribs longi-
tudinal with the shaft; the arms are of unequal lengths, and they are moveable
on the shaft, and by varying the position and lengths of the arms any required
shape can be given to the crinoline shirt. As it is desirable in some cases to
make the upper part of the crinoline skirt higher at the back than the front,
we bind the wire or other material around fixed studs attached to the appa-

page_text: ratus above described; these studs are placed at the required distance apart,
and as the wire or other material is bent around them, the desired space
in front is left open; by this means the abrupt ends of the wires hitherto
unavoidable in making such skirts are dispensed with.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MATCHES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Michael Letchford at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th May 1862.
I, ROBERT MICHAEL LETCHFORD, of Three Colts Lane, Bethnal Green, in
the County of Middlesex, Match Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MATCHES,"
to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to produce matches at a low price, free from
sulphur and from objectionable smell. My. Invention consists in dipping the
ends of the usual match splints in, or in saturating match splints with, petroleum
or rock oil. The splints having been thus prepared are dipped into any of
the ordinary lighting compositions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER BY MEANS OF A WHEEL CONTAINING MERCURY
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles William Heckethorn at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th February 1862.
I, CHARLES WILLIAM HECKETHORN, of Saint Ann's Road, Brixton, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER BY MEANS OF A
WHEEL CONTAINING MERCURY," to be as follows:-
I make a wheel having, say, twelve hollow square spokes, with openings
running their entire length either at the top only or at both the top and
bottom. In the spokes are tubes containing a quantity of mercury, and
running on twelve rollers. When the wheel is in motion, some of the tubes,
that is to say, those on the descending side will project beyond the periphery
of the wheel, and the mercury will have run to the outer end of the tube,
while on the ascending side the tubes will be brought close to the centre of
the wheel (the mercury at the same time approaching the inner end of the
tube) by means of one or two inclined planes with or without the use of a
cam, which carry the said tubes up, there being but one inclined plane
required where there are openings at the top and bottom of the spoke, when
the inclined plane is arranged between the openings, in which case an extra
friction wheel will be required; if there is an opening only on the upper side
of the spokes, the tube has attached to it a metal rod projecting on both
sides, and having wheels attached to it which run on two inclined planes
arranged on either side of the wheel. Iron bars may be substituted for the
spokes, and as many wheels as desired may be placed on one shaft.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN DRAWING WATER OR OTHER FLUIDS FROM CISTERNS, TANKS, OR OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Howard Ashton Holden and
Charles Weekes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 8th April 1862.
We, HOWARD ASHTON HOLDEN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Merchant, and CHARLES WEEKES, of the County of the Borough of Carmarthen,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN DRAWING WATER OR OTHER FLUIDS FROM CISTERNS,
TANKS, OR OTHER VESSELS," to be as follows:_
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus used in drawing
water or other fluids from cisterns, tanks, or other vessels. For this purpose
the outlet pipe enters the bottom of the cistern or vessel, and to the end of
this pipe is connected a flexible pipe; this pipe is of such a length that its
mouth or open end can be raised above the level of the water or fluid in the
cistern or vessel so that no water can pass away through the outlet pipe ; but
when the mouth or open end of the flexible pipe is depressed below the water
level the water can-flow freely through the outlet pipe. In order to raise and
lower the mouth of the flexible pipe we prefer to connect it to one arm of a
lever, the other arm of which projects beyond the edge of the cistern or vessel,
so that by acting on this arm the mouth of the flexible pipe may be raised or
lowered.
AN IMPROVE MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN CLEANING COTTON WASTE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Cope Richardson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
August 1862.
I, JAMES COPE RICHARDSON, of Lichfield, in the County of Stafford, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE
MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN CLEANING COTTON WASTE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvement or improvements herein-after
described in cleaning cotton waste after the said cotton waste has been used
for wiping machinery, or for other like purposes.
In order to effect the cleaning of the said cotton waste I first boil it in a
strong solution of common soda, or caustic soda, or other alkaline solution. I
boil the cotton waste in the said solution during six or eight hours, I next
steep the cotton wasto in dilute sulphuric acid for six or eight hours. The acid
I employ consists of a mixture of one part by volume of commercial oil of
vitriol to thirty parts by volume of water; 1 afterwards wash the cotton waste
in water, and again boil it for about six hours in a dilute solution of soda or
in other alkaline solution; I finally wash, the cotton waste in water, and either
dry it in a stove or allow it to dry by the spontaneous evaporation of the water
remaining in it after the greater part of the water has been pressed or squeezed
out of it.
AN IMPROVED ARTICLE OF WEARING APPAREL FOR THE NECK
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Walton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th December
1862.
I, EDMUND WALTON, one of the Managers in the employment of Foster,
Porter, and Company, of Wood Street, in the City of London, Warehousemen,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED ARTICLE
OF WEARING APPAREL FOR THE NECK," to be as follows:-
This article of wearing apparel consists of portions of a collar and of a tie or
scarf combined in one. I take a length of washable or other material suitable
for scarfs, and hollow it for a certain portion towards the central part and on
one side of the material into a curve to suit the neck; I then sew on to those
parts which, when worn, come in front and at the sides of the neck of the
wearer, pieces of linen stitched to resemble portions of an ordinary collar, while
I apply a stitched band of linen extending round the back of the neck on the
upper part of the material forming the scarf or tie. This combined article
when on the wearer has the appearance of an ordinary collar and scarf.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CANNON AND SMALL ARMS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bush at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th October
1862.
I, WILLIAM BUSH, of Tower Hill, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CANNON AND SMALL ARMS," to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed chiefly for guns for ships and batteries, but
it applies to all other guns, large and small. It consists in forming the
gun in two parts, one the barrel for containing the projectile, the other the
breech and chamber for containing the powder, in uniting the two parts
by means of a screw or screws, as hereafter explained, and in connecting
the breech and chamber to a slide in such manner that when the breech is
disengaged from the barrel it can be turned down, as upon a hinge, for the
purpose of charging the barrel and chamber. I form, say, the male screw on
the rear of the barrel, and the female screw on the inner and fore end of the
breech chamber; I cut away or form channels in both male and female screws
to allow of the chamber being slidden along the rear end of the barrel, when,
by a partial turn of the chamber, the two parts become locked by the engage-
ment of the screws. I grind the rear end of the barrel and the seat for it in
the chamber, and if necessary use a washer to keep the parts gas-tight. In
some cases I screw a steel tube into the rear of the barrel.
My Invention can be applied to guns already made by cutting off the
breech and forming a screw to allow of my breech and powder chamber being

page_text: fixed thereto. The barrels may be rifled or the bore may be smooth, or of any
desired construction. Instead of the union between barrel and breech being
effected by means of screws, a slotted ring may be formed on one part and
hooks on the other, which, after being passed through the slots, could be
turned so as to obtain a firm hold on the ring, but for many reasons I prefer 5
the screw fastening.
AN IMPROVED CLIP FOR SECURING THE STEEL OR OTHER EXPANDERS OF CRINOLINES TO THE SUSPENDERS THEREOF
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Fletcher at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th March
1862.
I, HENRY FLETCHER, of 82, Wood Street, Cheapside, in the City of London,
Warehouseman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED CLIP FOR SECURING THE STEEL OR OTHER EXPANDERS OF CRINOLINES TO THE
SUSPENDERS THEREOF," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in forming a clip with slits or holes therein, through
which are passed the suspenders of the crinoline, and likewise the steel or
other expanders, or the expanders may be otherwise connected thereto; by
these means the clip cannot possibly become detached therefrom accidentally
as is now the case with clips as heretofore made.
The nature of this improved clip will be better understood by the following
description of its form and mode of attaching same to the expanders and
suspenders of crinolines, that is to say, I first pass the suspenders through one
of the slits in the clip, then over the horizontal expanders, and then through the
other slit in the clip, and finally bend the edges of the clips tightly over the
expanders, thus interlacing the expanders with the suspenders and effectually
connecting them permanently together.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STAMPING OR MAKING AND COUNTING BANK NOTES AND OTHER DOCUMENTS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Hill at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th November
1862.
I, DANIEL HILL, of 3, Camden Road, Holloway, N., in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR STAMPING OR MAKING AND COUNTING BANK NOTES AND OTHER
DOCUMENTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for stamping or
marking and counting bank notes and other documents. For these purposes
two counting apparatus are combined with a stamping or marking press, and
they are both actuated each time the press is actuated to produce an im-
pression. One of the counting apparatus is accessible to the user of the press
or to another person, in order that such counting apparatus may be set at zero
at the commencement of the use of the press on one of several bundles or
quantities of bank notes or other documents, whilst the other counting apparatus
is enclosed, and is only set at zero at the commencement of a day's work, or
other regulated period. The arrangement of the stamping or marking press
may be varied, and such is the case in respect to the two counting apparatus
combined therewith, and separately no claim is made to their construction.
From the above description of the nature of the combined mechanism
arranged according to the Invention, it will be understood that the object to
be accomplished by the Invention is, that in stamping or marking the separate
bank notes of a series of bundles or quantities, the number of notes or docu-
ments in each bundle or quantity shall be counted by one counting apparatus,

page_text: whilst the whole number in the several bundles or quantities stamped or
marked by the press during a day or other period shall be counted by the other
counting apparatus. It is preferred that the number counted may be indicated
or shewn at all times through the case of the counting apparatus without the
necessity of the case being opened to ascertain the number of times the press
has been actuated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS, AND IN ENGINES TO BE WORKED BY ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE, OR STEAM AND AIR COMBINED
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Henry Bennett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
February 1862.
I, JAMES HENRY BENNETT, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
GENERATORS, AND IN ENGINES TO BE WORKED BY ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE, OR STEAM
AND AIR COMBINED," to be as follows:-
My improved mode of generating, steam consists in employing a small
supplementary boiler and furnace. An air pipe is entered into an ordinary
boiler without a furnace, and is passed to the back, and then brought to the
front, or circulated in any other manner, and then passed into the supple-
mentary boiler, at the top of which there is a pipe connected with the
ordinary boiler for the purpose of supplying it with steam and hot air. Cold
air is forced into the air pipe by means of a fan, pump, or other contrivance;
and water is supplied to the supplementary boiler in the usual manner. When
heat is supplied to the supplementary boiler steam is generated, and the air
forced through the pipe in the ordinary boiler becomes heated, which hot air
with the steam passes into the ordinary boiler and heats the pipe, and causes
the continual supply of air to become heated as it passes onwards to the sup-
plementary boiler.
My improvements in engines worked by air, or steam and air combined,
consist in the employment of one or more cylinders provided, with slide or
other valves, and forming a vacuum on one side of the piston or pistons, and,

page_text: employing air either singly or combined with steam for the pressure. The
crank shaft of the engine has cranks for working the pumps which form the
vacuum, and supply air to the pipes which pass through the boilers.
I also employ air, either singly or combined with steam, in connection with
a vacuum for working rotary engines. In the interior of a stationary cylinder
there is a shaft working in suitable bearings; to this shaft is fixed an inner
wheel, having upon it projections working against the interior of the cylinder,
and acting as a piston. At both ends of the stationary cylinder on the outside
are bands for the purpose of holding the packing and keeping the parts tight.
The air, or air and steam combined, passes either directly into the stationary
cylinder, or through a tabular shaft and through one or more hollow arms
of the inner wheel, and a vacuum produced by pumps is always maintained
on one side of the projecting arms of the inner wheel or piston.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE APPARATUS USED IN CONNECTION WITH COOKING STOVES AND DOMESTIC FIRE-PLACES FOR THE MANUFACTURE AND SUPPLY OF GAS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Tevendale at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd March
1862.
I, ANDREW TEVENDALE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Licensed
Victualler, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE APPARATUS USED IN CONNECTION WITH COOKING STOVES AND DOMESTIC
FIRE-PLACES FOR THE MANUFACTURE AND SUPPLY OF GAS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to supply to ships, dwelling-houses, and
other buildings in isolated situations gas for lighting purposes at a. trifling
cost by an apparatus easily managed and free from danger and smell by the
absence of the ordinary holder and purifier. For this purpose I distil coal or
cannel, but I prefer common coal mixed with a small quantity of lime or
oxide of iron in an ordinary retort, and place the said retort in such a position
that the waste heat from cooking stoves or domestic fire-places shall be
economized for heating the said retort, providing suitable dampers, so that
the waste heat may only act on the retort when desired. From the retort I
carry a pipe or pipes into a suitable vessel to receive any condensed matter,
thence direct to the burners. I provide, in addition to the foregoing, a pipe
for carrying off the steam and other incombustible gases given off immediately
after charging the retort, and for permitting the escape of any extra pressure
or surplus when a supply is no longer desired. This pipe may be connected
to the retort or to the supply pipes, and is led into the chimney or outside the

page_text: building; but to prevent the internal pressure from becoming dangerous, and
the admission of atmospheric air into the retort, where it would form an
explosive mixture, I fit in the said pipe a safety valve weighted to open
outwards only.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PREPARING LEAVES AND STALKS OF PLANTS FOR BEING CLEANED OR DRESSED FOR THE PURPOSE OF OBTAINING THE USEFUL FIBRES THEY CONTAIN
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Horatio Allen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th October
1862.
I, HORATIO ALLEN, of St. James' Place, St. James' Street, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PREPARING LEAVES AND STALKS OF PLANTS FOR
BEING CLEANED OR DRESSED FOR THE PURPOSE OF OBTAINING THE USEFUL FIBRES
THEY CONTAIN," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improved apparatus for preparing leaves and stalks of
plants for being cleaned or dressed for the purpose of obtaining the useful
fibres they contain, relates to mechanism for dividing up in a longitudinal
direction leaves or stalks, which have thick butt ends, the object of the
Invention being to reduce the leaves or stalks to such a state that they may be
cleaned or dressed without the risk of the useful fibres they contain being
tangled or matted up in the operation. To this end I pass the leaves or stalks
longitudinally under the knives or cutting instruments, whereby they are
sliced up into narrow strips, which may be easily operated upon by the
cleaning or dressing machine.
The apparatus consists of a table, on which the leaves or stalks are placed,
and on which they are moved or drawn forward by two nipping rollers, while
a series of knives or cutting instruments secured in a bar are brought down
thereon. A convenient mode of working this bar is to mount it on a hinge or

page_text: centre pin at one end, and connect the other to a treadle lever, whereby it
may be brought down when required by the foot of the attendant. The
principal feature of novelty, 'however, consists in subdividing the leaves or
stalks into narrow strips by means of suitable cutting instruments.
AN IMPROVED CIGAR TUBE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th May
1862.
I, CHARLES CLARK, of 361, City Road (E.C.), in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CIGAR
TUBE," to be as follows (that is to say):-
My Invention consists of a hollow mouth-piece terminating in a small tube
perforated, pointed, and barbed. In using this mouth-piece and tube the
piercer (or pointed end) is inserted at the end of the cigar, or at the side if
necessary.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRICAL MANIPULATION APPLICABLE TO SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Tuck at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th May
1862.
I, EDMUND TUCK, Electro Silver Plater, 79, Leadenhall Street, City, do
hereby declare. the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
ELECTRICAL MANIPULATION APPLICABLE TO SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHS," to be as
follows:-
In place of the present method of completing circuit through the sea,
(which has been found so destructive to telegraphic submarine cables), I
make use of the exterior iron wire covering of the cable, to which I affix a
covered conducting wire, which is brought into contact with the interior
conducting wire of the cable by the instrument for receiving a message.
In conveying or delivering a message, this contact is broken, and I make use
of a sheet or piece of zinc (in place of copper) in contact or placed in the sea,
to which is annexed a covered conducting wire brought into contact
with the copper or negative plate of a voltaic battery, this is effected by
the recording telegraph instrument, as at present in use. When an electric
cable is damaged in its insulation and the copper conducting wire exposed, to
restore or renew communication I make use of a cylinder or piece of zinc
placed in contact with the sea, which has annexed a covered conducting wire
brought into contact with an instrument for conveying or delivering a message;
also a piece of copper, which is so placed as to be opposed to the zinc (as in a

page_text: pair of voltaic plates). If a cylinder of zinc is used the copper is placed within
the cylinder with the ordinary conducting liquid or sea water, as may be
requisite. The piece of copper has annexed a covered conducting wire
brought into contact with part of the same instrument as the piece or
cylinder of zinc. In sending or delivering a message, the wire attached to
the zinc cylinder or plate is brought into contact with the exterior iron wire
covering of the cable. The wire attached to the piece of copper is brought into
contact with the interior conducting wire of the cable; this is effected by means
of the recording telegraph instrument fitted with a quantity coil, as at present
in use.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim the improve-
ments in electrical manipulation for the purpose above described.
AN IMPROVED GOVERNOR FOR THE ENGINES OF STEAM VESSELS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Reed Hill at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th July
1862.
I, JOHN REED HILL, Engineer, of 7, Duke St., Adelphi, London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED GOVERNOR
FOR THE ENGINES OF STEAM VESSELS," to be as follows:-
To the under side of the deck in the engine room I fix a suitable frame,
from which I suspend a common two-ball governor on pivots, so that it hangs
freely, always remaining in a vertical position, uninfluenced by the varying
position of the vessel. On the top of the governor spindle there is a universal
joint fixed, connecting it with another spindle, the upper end of which works
in a bearing fixed to the ship. This latter spindle will be in a permanent
position as regards the ship, and receives motion for driving the governor at
the upper end. Both these spindles are hollow, the lower one containing a
rod, with flexible joints at the top, for transmitting motion from the balls to
the lever of the throttle valve.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ann Bonnell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 10th July
1862. A communication from abroad by William Bonnell, of Montreal,
Canada East, British North America.
I, ANN BONNELL, of Hethpool Street, Maida Hill, in the County of Middle-
sex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CHURNS," a communication to me from abroad by William Bonnell, of Montreal,
Canada East, British North America, to be as follows:-
I have a suitable box or case mounted on legs, which may be made remove-
able, if desired, and within this box or case I have a shaft with beaters, said
beaters being projecting arms fixed on the shaft, in such manner that they
shall range as a twisted line or thread of a screw, or an approximation thereto,
one end of this shaft coming through the end of the box or case, and having a
toothed wheel thereon, the interior of the bottom of the box or case having
projecting pieces 'running the whole length, and forming what may be termed
a series of steps. Inside the case and above these beaters, at the end where
the beater shaft protrudes; is a circular case of zinc or other metal or
material, which has a hole at the top, and withinside a number of projections
or corrugations, and in this circular case is a disc similarly corrugated, which
disc has an axis passing through the case, having a toothed wheel outside
this toothed wheel and the toothed wheel first described, being driven by
another toothed wheel on a winch handle, such winch handle being provided

page_text: with arrangements for throwing the same into and out of gear with the one
wheel or the other, or causing the whole three wheels to work together. The
case has a moveable top, and a plug to clear the churn, and in the top is an
orifice communicating with the aforesaid circular case, fitting into which is a
moveable feeding dish. Into this the cream is poured, and the winch handle
being placed in gear with the axle of the circular case only is made to rotate,
when the cream will be acted on by the rotation of the disc therein, and the
periphery of the disc. being some little distance from the inner circumference
of the circular case, the cream thus acted upon exudes therefrom, and passes
into the churn, when the winch handle is thrown out with the disc handle and
into gear with the beater shaft, and again turned, and when the churning is
fully effected, it may be cleaned out by pouring in warm water, and placing
the winch handle in gear with all the toothed wheels, causing them to rotate,
when the hot water can be passed off by removing the plug aforesaid.
The aforesaid circular case arrangement may be made to work by the same
shaft as the beaters, so as to give greater compactness, and reducing the size
of the box or case.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS, AND IN APPARATUSES FOR LIGHTING ARGAND AND OTHER WICKED LAMPS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Bright at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th April 1862.
I, RICHARD BRIGHT, of Bruton Street, in the City of Westminster, Lamp
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS, AND IN APPARATUSES FOR LIGHTING ARGAND AND OTHER
WICKED LAMPS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in employing in oil lamps a "bob" at the end of a
cord, string, or wire to indicate the perpendicularity or level.
My Invention also consists in admitting air into the reservoir in oil lamps,
through a.bent tube, in the face or fore part of the lamp reservoir, whereby
the lamp may be carried at various inclinations without spilling the oil.
My apparatuses for lighting lamps consist of a lamp with two wick holders
at such distance apart that they will embrace or contain between them the
argand or other circular wick, or the two ends of a straight wick to be lighted,
and in such manner as to light the wick on opposite sides or ends at the same
time. Or, I form my apparatuses for lighting lamps of a forked holder
through each of the forks, of which a waxed taper is protruded, whereby
argand and other circular wicks, or two ends of a flat wick may be lighted on
opposite sides or ends at the same time.
AN IMPROVED INVALID BEDSTEAD
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Mellroy at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th May
1862.
I, THOMAS MILROY, of the Village of Brampton, in the County of Peel,
Canada West, at present residing at 260, Oxford Street, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED INVALID BEDSTEAD," to be as follows:-
The bottom part is hinged at about one-third of the length from the head,
for the purpose of being raised or lowered for the comfort and convenience of
the invalid by means of the following combination of pinions and segments:-
A shaft runs across the bedstead bearing two cog wheels, which shaft is
turned by a handle at either side of the bedstead; there are two segments,
one on either side of the bedstead, which work in the two cog wheels, which
segments are fastened to the frame which raises up the invalid, and also by
means of the following combination of cords and pullies:-A bearing from
the top part of the bedstead, in which is attached a pulley, also a pulley
attached to the part of frame which raises up a cord, passes thro' the pulley,
enabling invalids to raise themselves to any inclination for comfort, and to
remain at any required elevation. There is a rachet wheel, attached to or
goes on the shaft which passes across the bedstead, and by means of a pawl

page_text: or catch which is fastened to the bed rail and drops into the rachet wheel,
which catch or pawl retains the bed at any elevation, and prevents it falling
back.
What I claim as my Invention is, the foregoing hinging of part of the
bottom of bedstead, and raising of head by means of segments and pinion
wheels, the combination of cords and pullies, and the application of the
rachet wheel.