Year: 1888

page_text: I, EDWIN HORATIO HARGRAVES, cf. Gerald Road, Lower Broughton, Salford,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to finishing cotton goods and other fabrics, such as
linen, mixtures of linen and cotton and the like, and have for object the production
of a better appearance and what is technically known as "feel," than at present
obtains.
At the present time various substances are used in the finish of cotton goods
and analogous fabrics, such as farina or starch, Iceland moss, flour, china clay, and other
minerals or combinations of mineral and vegetable substances of the nature indicated,
for the purpose of giving "body" or "backing" to the fabric, and also to obtain the
required finish or appearance to the face thereof.
Now to effect my improvements I employ a vegetable substance or substances of a
new character, or in a new form, for the object in view; whereby I obtain much
superior and improved results in the finishing of cotton goods and analogous
fabrics.
I accomplish this by reducing vegetable fibrous substances to a state of pulp or
flock, by preference finely divided indeed; but fair results may be obtained by
moderate subdivision.
The vegetable.substances most suitable. for this purpose, are such as cotton, flax,
jute, wood, paper pulp, and the like. These substances, or mixtures thereof, I
employ with farina, starch, or mineral substances, or combinations, or it may be
alone, to the cotton or other analogous goods, in manner and by the means similar or
like unto the ordinary mechanical processes at present employed with the substances
now in use.
Variations in the proportions of "pulp" or "flock" with other substances may be
made without departing from the peculiar character of this invention, which consists
in the employment of vegetable pulp or flock in the finishing of cotton goods or other
fabrics.

page_text: I, EDWIN HORATIO HARGRAVES, of Gerald Road, Lower Broughton, Salford,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
The improvements relate to finishing cotton goods and other fabrics, such as
linen, mixtures of linen and cotton and the like, and have for object the production
of a better appearance and what is technically known as "feel," than at present
obtains.
At the present time various substances are used in the finish of cotton goods and
analogous fabrics, such as farina or starch, Iceland moss, flour, china clay, and other
minerals or combinations of mineral and vegetable substances of the nature indicated,
for the purpose of giving "body or "backing" to the fabric, and also to obtain
the required finish or appearance to the face thereof.
33
Now to effect my improvements, I employ a vegetable substance or substances
of a new character, or in a new form, for the object in view; whereby I obtain
much superior and improved. results in the finishing of cotton goods and analogous
fabrics.
I accomplish this by reducing vegetable fibrous substances to a state of pulp or
flock, by preference finely divided indeed, but fair results may be obtained by moderate
subdivision.
The vegetable substances most suitable for this purpose, are such as cotton, flax,
jute, wood, paper pulp, and the like.
These substances, or mixtures thereof, I apply with farina,, starch, or mineral
substances, or combinations, or it may be alone, to the cotton or other analogous
goods, in manner and by the means similar or like unto the ordinary mechanical
processes at present employed with the substances now in use.
Any suitable means may be employed for reducing the wood, cotton, jute, flax,
paper, or like vegetable substance, to a finely divided pulp, either in a dry or wet
state, and when such pulp is, by means of water, brought to the requisite workable
consistency whether compounded or not with other vegetable or mineral substances-
it is applied and fixed to the cloth or fabric to be finished in manner and
by machinery similar to that at present in use for finishing purposes.
دو
By preference, I compound the finely reduced vegetable "flock" or "pulp," with a
portion of farina, flour, or other "binding' substance, but in some cases these may
be dispensed with.
Variations in the proportions of "pulp" or "flock" with other substauces, or to
the surface area of the cloth, may be made without departing from the peculiar
character of the invention.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
The application of "pulp" or "flock," in a finely divided state, produced from
wood, cotton, jute, flax, paper, or similar fibrous vegetable substances, to the finishing
of cotton goods; whether such flock be used with water alone, or in combination
with flour farina and the like, or with the mineral substances at present in use; for
the purpose, and in manner substantially as herein. described.
Doted this 20th day of January 1889
WILLIAM GADD, C.E.,
64, Barton Arcade, Manchester,
Agent.