Improvements in Velocipedes and Manumotive Carriages.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Sept., 1895-Accepted, 26th Oct., 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Velocipedes and Manumotive Carriages.
I, AUGUST EMIL FRIEDRICH VONHAUSEN, of Rheinstrasse 56, Wiesbaden in
the German Empire do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates chiefly to velocipedes driven by the hand as well as by
the foot and consists in the improved arrangements of the driving mechanism
and the framing carrying the same, and has for its object to allow the arm
power to be utilised to the utmost without the rider losing his balance on the
machine, which object I effect by connecting the mechanisms for transmitting
the arm and leg power, with each other and mounting the axle for the hand
levers in a fixed position on the frame, so that this axle and the pedal axle
cannot change their relative position to each other. When the axle for the hand
levers is mounted on the steering fork or parts connected thereto, the rider has to
change the position of his body when the steering wheel is turned, which renders
the use of this method difficult on bicycles, as in steering the rider must inevitably
change his position of equilibrium and bend outwards when going round a curve
instead of leaning inwards, and thus easily loses his equilibrium.
On the drawings appended hereunto-
Figures 1 to 6, show improved velocipedes for hand driving in which the hand
levers are arranged vertically;
Figures 7 to 11, improved velocipedes with hand levers arranged horizontally, in
all of which the rear wheel or rear wheels is or are driven.
Figures 12, 13 and 14, show velocipedes in which the front wheels are driven by
arm and leg power;
Figure 13, showing an arrangement with vertical hand levers, while Figures 13
and 14 show arrangements with the hand levers in an approximately horizontal
position.
All the velocipedes shewn are provided with a saddle steering arrangement,
which does not form a subject or part of this invention and therefore is not further
specially described.
Figures 1 to 3, represent a tricycle for hand and foot driving in side view, back
view and plan with the rear wheels a driven by arm and leg power. The motion
of each hand lever fis transmitted by a lever o", the boss of which is loose upon
axle f', and fixed to the boss f" of the hand lever and by a connecting rod to the
crank pin of each chain wheel d, these chain wheels being fixed on the same shaft.
One of them is coupled by means of a chain g to the chain wheel c on the pedal
axle, while the other drives by a chain the chain wheel on the wheel axle .
The shaft on which the levers frock is as shewn on Fig. 2, fixed in the frame A
by means of a bush B, secured in the frame by struts, and supported at its ends
by stays or struts C relatively to the driving axle b, the ends of the struts C
forming bushes D embracing the axle b, which are preferably fitted with ball
bearings.
The velocipede is steered by means of a saddle k, which is mounted upon an
L bracket or pin that can turn in the frame A, and provided with a disc m and
mechanism for transmitting the rotary motion of the same to a disc 11, fixed upon
the spindle of the steering fork, so that by turning the saddle laterally the front
wheel is steered.

page_text: The bushes f of the arm lever f, can be shifted and fixed in position upon the
axle suitably to the size or breadth of the rider.
Figures 4 to 6, represent a tricycle for hand and foot driving in which the motion
of the hand levers is transmitted directly to the pedal axle by means of cranks o
formed thereon which are connected by rols to levers o¹¹, which are mounted loose
upon the axle fof the hand levers f, and fixed to the bosses of the same so
that each hand lever can rock separately. The rotary motion of the pedal shaft is
transmitted by chain pulley c, chain and chain pulley i to the wheel axle. There
is only one pair of chain wheels and one chain used in this arrangement, while two
pairs of chain wheels and two chains are required in the arrangement described
with reference to Figs. 1 to 3. The hand lever axle f¹ is fixed in the frame in the
same way by means of a bush B connected to the driving axle by means of struts C
fitted with ball bearings in their bushes D. The steering by means of the saddle
is the same as in the arrangement shewn by Figs. 1 to 3.
On Figs. 7 to 11 bicycles and tricycles are shewn in which the hand levers fare
arranged horizontally, instead of vertically as in those previously herein described.
The motion of each hand lever is transmitted from a lever o connected thereto
by a connecting rod either to an intermediate crank shaft on which a chain
wheel dis mounted, and thence by chain to a chain wheel c, on the pedal shaft,
as shewn on Figs. 7 to 9, or directly to a crank on the pedal axle through
connecting rods and a sliding rod p. In these arrangements the stationary
axlefon which the hand levers rock is fixed in the frame itself, the upper and
lower bars of the frame being prolonged in front, as shewn, till they meet. By
transferring the fulcrum of the hand levers to the front point of the frame thus
formed, the use of horizontal hand levers of great length is rendered possible, so
that the arm power can be utilised in an effective manner and the construction of
rear driven bicycles operated by arm and leg power is rendered feasible.
In the arrangements herein before described the driving is effected by means
of the rear wheel. Figs. 12 to 14, on the contrary shew arrangements for driving
the front wheel, the rear wheel being arranged as the steering wheel. In Fig. 12,
the hand levers are arranged vertically, similarly as in Figs. 1 to 6, while in
Figs. 13 and 14, they are placed nearly horizontal, similarly as in Figs. 7 to 11.
The motion of each hand lever is transmitted by means of a lever o" fixed
thereto and a rod to a crank o' on the pedal axle. The axle of the hand
levers is fixed in the framing and remains parallel to the pedal axle.
It will be seen that in all the arrangements herein described and illustrated,
the essential feature consists in the fixing of the axle or shaft on which the
hand levers rock rigidly in the frame of the velocipede so that it retains its
position parallel to the intermediate axle b, where such is used, and to the pedal
axle o under all circumstances and the rider has not to alter the position of
his arms when steering and can utilize both leg and arm power to the best
advantage.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
claim is :-
:-
1. In velocipedes to be driven partly by hand the arrangement of hand levers
rocking on a stationary axle or shaft fixed or supported in or on the frame of the
machine and held parallel to the pedal or driving axle by means of stays
substantially as and for the purposes herein before described.
2. The construction and arrangement of hand and foot driving mechanism for
velocipedes herein before described with reference to and illustrated in and by
Figs. 1 to 3 of the drawings.
3. The construction and arrangement of hand and foot driving mechanism for
velocipedes bereinbefore described with reference to and illustrated in and by
Figs. 4 to 6 of the drawings.
4. The construction and arrangement of hand and foot driving mechanism for

page_text: velocipedes herein before described with reference to and illustrated in and by
Figs. 7 to 9 of the drawings.
5. The construction and arrangement of hand and foot driving mechanism for
velocipedes herein before described with reference to and illustrated in and by
Figs. 10 and 11, of the drawings.
6. The construction and arrangement of hand and foot driving mechanism and
of the framework of velocipedes hereinbefore described with reference to and
illustrated in and by Fig. 12 of the drawings.
7. The construction and arrangement of hand and foot driving mechanism and
of the framework of velocipedes herein before described with reference to and
illustrated in and by Figs. 13 and 14 of the drawings.
Dated the 3rd day of September 1895.
R. J. URQUHART.