CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1827

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RENA
FLORENTIN JENAR; of Bunhill Row, in the Parish of Saint Luke, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His present, most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Fourth day of July, in the eighth year of His reign;
did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
René Florentin Jenar, His especial licence, that I; the said René Florentini
Jenar, my exors, adiñors, or assigns, or such others as I, the said Rend
Florentin Jenar, my exors, adñiors; or assigns; should at any time agree with;
and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise; and vend;
within England; Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed; and also in all
His Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a provisd
obliging me, the said René Florentin Jenar; by an instrument in writing
under my hand and scal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of
my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed; and
to cause to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the

page_text: Fig. 1 represents a table lamp furnished with my said improvements in
section. A is the reservoir of oil, filled, from the top through the pipe B.
Above this pipe is the cork or stopper C, which is made with a shoulder and
washer, so as to screw. down..tight and hermetically seal the female screw,
which female screw. must be of, such.a.length as to terminate within about
of an inch of the upper orifice of the tube B, so that when the lamp is
entirely filled with-oil there still. remains.a. portion of air in the upper space L,
whereby the air which ascends from the pump through the oil in passing
through the tube B may pass thro' the
may pass thro' the air. tube K in the, under air
chamber L without carrying the oil with it.. D is an air .pump; E, the
piston; and F, the piston rod made hollow, so as to admit a rod to pass
through its whole length up to the screw head G. The lower .end of.. this rod
is fixed to a valve r, and the object is to enable the operator at the top of the
lamp to screw up this. valve air-tight; and it will be observed that there is a
spring H. under the valve which keeps up the rod to such an height as, will
allow the screw head-G to catch it at all times when required. I will, now
proceed to describe the manner in which this pump is used. The screw head
G is removed, when the valve r will of course only be held up by the spring H.
The piston is then raised by. means. of the handle or arm J. The thumb.of
the operator should then be applied on the top of the piston rod, which,
being hollow, would otherwise allow the air to escape, and the piston should.be
forced down. The air-which is thus compressed will act with greater force
than the spring H, and will force upon valve r. The air will rush into the

page_text: oil reservoir A, and will ascend through the oil up the pipe B into the head of
the lamp, whence it will find its way into the air pipe K. Through this pipe
it will descend to the bottom of the lamp, which is made double and hollow,
and communicates with the sides L, L, which serve as air chambers to contain
the compressed air. When sufficient air has been forced in these chambers.
by repeated strokes of the pump the piston is forced down, and the screw head
G is screwed on the top of the rod of the valve r, and thus all return or escape-
of the oil is prevented. It is evident that the air will now be acting forcibly
through the air pipe K on the surface of the oil, let it be 'at what height it
may in the reservoir. I will now describe the passage by which the oil is
allowed to rise under the influence of the pressure I have described up to the
burner. M is the neck of the ordinary burner, and N is a pipe leading down
from it into the reservoir of oil. Now it is evident if only this pipe N were
let down into the oil, the compressed air acting upon the surface of the oil
would force the oil to pass in too great abundance, which would soon exhaust
the reservoir; but to obviate this effect I introduce a capillary tube P, as bere
shewn, and ascending some distance up the pipe N. This tube should be
cemented into the pipe N, and regulates the flow of oil according to its length
compared with the size of the bore. The one here used is nine inches long,
and the bore is one twenty-fourth of an inch large, but by varying the length
of the capillary tube, its bore, even if smaller or larger than here described,
may be made to answer the purpose, by knowing that in lengthening the tube
the flow of oil is retarded, and in shortening it the flow is accelerated, 'the
orifice remaining the same. The parts marked R and S are two divisions,
which create a space Y in 'the body of the lamp, not acted upon by the
compressed air, to catch any of the overflowing of the burner, should' any
occur; and in order to let these overflowings fall into the reservoir A, I intro-
duce the pipe T with the valve V and rod W, which rod is fastened to the
valve, and reaches up to the top of the lamp, where it is caught by the screw
head X, on the same principle as that described at G. When the screw head X
is unscrewed a little the valve V'opens and lets the oil that has overflowed
in the space Y fall into the reservoir A. Figures 2 and 3 represent the
screw heads G and X in section, and better explain their action. It will be
seen that the rod W passes through a pipe U to prevent any communication
being formed between the space Y and the air chambers upper L, in Figure 1.
Z is a cylindrical enclosure which surrounds the 'upper part of the ascension
tube N, the ground of which enclosure is pierced with several holes, thro
the overflowings fall into the space Y. It will be observed that the pipe B

page_text: only extends upwards as far as the division marked S. It is only necessary
further to observe that the pipe leading to the burner is furnished with a cock
O to prevent the oil from continuing to ascend to the burner when the light
is put out.
I have not described the burner or glass holder, they being the
same as now used in other lamps, and requiring no particular modification, for
this. Figure 4 is a view of the cock C'in section.
The following is the manner of using the lamp:-One must first ascertain
that the valves of the overflowings V is well closed by means of the screw X;
the lamp is then to be charged with oil at the upper orifice of the stopcock C,
which is then screwed and closed hermetically. You then give twelve or fifteen
strokes of the piston, and you open the cock when you wish the oil to ascend
to the burner to make use of it. If the lamp has already been used, and it
still contains oil or compressed air, it is then necessary to commence by opening
the cock C to let the air escape, and to allow the overflowings to pass freely;
you then lower and open the valve V by means of the screw X, and the
overflowings run into the reservoir A in about two minutes, more or less,
according to the quantity of the overflowings. You then close. the valve V by
rescrewing the screw X, after which you charge the lamp with oil, and proceed
as mentioned above. The valve. of the pump should be. nearly of the diameter
shewn in the Plan, in order that it may offer a certain surface to the action
of the compressed air. By this means you avoid the overcharge of air, by
preventing the person working the pump from giving too many strokes of the
piston, for when it is sufficiently charged it will offer a resistance greater than
the force of the operator's thumb can overcome.
Now whereas my said Invention is equally adapted for the lamps of can-
delabres, chandeliers, and other luminaries, and whereas I do not claim any
particular sized or shaped lamp, and whereas the relative position of the pump
and other parts may be varied to suit the purpose of the manufacturer,—but
whereas I claim as my Invention,―
First, the application of a capillary tube, in manner aforesaid, for the
purpose of regulating the flow of oil aforesaid ; and,
Secondly, the application of an iron rod with a screw, to close hermetically
tlie air pump as aforesaid.
And such my Invention being, to the best of my knowledge and belief,
entirely new, and never before used within that part of His said Majesty's
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England,His said
Dominion of Wales, or Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, nor in any of His
said Majesty's Colonies or Plantations abroad, I do hereby declare this to be

page_text: my Specification of the same, and that I do verily believe this my said Speci-
fication doth comply in all respects with the proviso in the said herein-before
in part recited Letters Patent contained; wherefore I hereby claim to maintain
exclusive right and privilege to my said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said René Florentin Jenar, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and twenty-seven..
my Specification of the same, and that I do verily believe this my said Speci-
fication doth comply in all respects with the proviso in the said herein-before
in part recited Letters Patent contained; wherefore I hereby claim to maintain
exclusive right and privilege to my said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said René Florentin Jenar, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and twenty-seven..
(L.s.) R. F. JENAR.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-eighth day of No-
vember, in the year of our Lord 1827, the aforesaid René Florentine Jenar
(through the interpretation of Louis Marie Dessurne, the said interpreter
being first sworn that he had truly, distinctly, and audibly interpreted the
contents of the above Specification to the said René Florentin Jenar, and
that he would interpret the acknowledgement about to be made) came before
our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Fourth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and twenty-eight.