CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF HEATING HOTHOUSES, MANUFACTORIES, AND OTHER BUILDINGS, AND OF BOILING LIQUIDS
Year: 1820

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HAGUE, of Great Pearl Street, Spital Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present Majesty King George the Fourth, in and by His
Lotters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minister, the Ninth day of May last, for Himself, His heirs and successors,
did give and grant unto me, the said John Hague, my exors, admors, and
assigns, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I,
the said John Hague, my exors, admors, and assigns, and every of them, by
myself and themselves, or by my and their deputy or deputies, servants or
agents, or such others as I, the said John Hague, my exors, adiñiors, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter, during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, my Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF HEATING HOTHOUSES, MANUFACTORIES, AND
OTHER BUILDINGS, AND OF BOILING LIQUIDS," within England, Wales, the Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all His Majesty's Colonies and Planta-
tious abroad; in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso
obliging me, the said John Hague, particularly to describe and ascertain the
nature of iny said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the
same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within two
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereto had, will
nore fully appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, 1, the sand
John Hague, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described
and ascertained in the following description thereof, and by the Drawings
made in the margin hereof (that is to say):-
For heating hothouses, manufactories, and other buildings, I make use of
a steam boiler, either round, waggon-shaped, or of any other proper form,
made of iron, copper, or any other proper material. This boiler I fix in any
of the ways in which steam boilers are usually fixed. To the boiler I attach
a steam pipe, made of iron or any other proper material. The steam pipe I
pass through or round the interior of the hothouse, manufactory, or other
building, giving the said steam pipe a slight inclined position to the steam
boiler, as I have described the same in Figure 2 in the Drawing in the
margin hereof, and which pipe may be regulated agreeably to the dimensions
of the hothouse, manufactory, or other building, and the degree of heat
required. This steam pipe is made to pass into the boiler, and to terminate
under the surface of the water in the boiler. The steam boiler, the steam
pipe, and the junctures of the steam pipe, must be perfectly steam-tight. To
prevent the water from being forced up the terminating end of the steam pipe
by the pressure of the steam in the boiler, in case of a vacuum or a partial
one being formed in the steam pipe, I fix a valve to the terminating end of
the pipe, which shuts when the steam has any tendency, by its pressure, to
force the water up the pipe. On the steam pipe I fix a box in which I put a
valve and a stopcock for the egress of the air whilst the pipe is being filled
with steam. The use of this valve is to prevent the ingress of the external
air, which, in case of a partial vacuum, would otherwise rush in. By this
contrivance the boiler, having once bad the proper and usual quantity of water
put into it, will not require replenishing, whilst the boiler and the steam pipe
continue steam-tight, except for the waste which may be occasioned by the
escape of a small quantity of steam in blowing out the air from the pipe, and
the escape
of the steam by the safety valve. I fix round the steam pipe, at
proper distances, hollow cylinders, which I call air chambers. To each of
these air chambers I attach one or more small pipes leading from them to the
outside of the hothouse, manufactory, or other building. Through these
small pipes the air is admitted into the air chambers, and being there heated
is passed into the hothouse, manufactory, or other building; and thus the
admission of air in a cold state is prevented or rendered unnecessary, and yet
a supply of fresh air for ventilation is afforded. The air chambers, and the
small pipes thereto attached, I make of iron, copper, or any other proper
material
5

page_text: The Drawing, Figure 1, made in the margin hereof, is, the ground plan of
a hothouse and of an apparatus for heating it, as above described. A is the
boiler; B, B, B, B, B, B, the steam pipe; C, C, C, C, C, C, the air chambers;
D, D, D, D, D, D, the holes in the air chambers for admitting the warm air
into the hothouse; E, E, E, E, E, E, the small pipes for conveying the air from
the outside of the hothouse to the air chambers; F, the box with the valve
and stopcock to allow the egress and prevent the ingress of the air whilst the
pipe is being filled with steam; G, a steam gauge of the usual construction
for ascertaining the pressure of the steam in the boiler; H,H,H,H, the walls
of the hothouse; I, the brickwork of the boiler; K, the flue of the chimney;
L,a water gauge for ascertaining the quantity of water in the boiler. Figure 2
is a vertical view of the same apparatus. A is a section of the boiler;
B, B, B, the steam pipe; C, the terminating end of the pipe; D, the valve
to prevent the water from being forced up the terminating end of the steam
pipe; E, E, E, E, E, E, the air chambers; F, F, F, F, the small pipes for
conveying the air from the outside of the building to the air chambers;
G, the box with the valve and stopcock to allow the egress and prevent the
ingress of the air whilst the pipe is being filled with steam; H, the steam
gauge; I, the manhole of the boiler; K, a safety valve on the manhole; L, L,
walls of the hothouse; M, the ground; N, the brickwork of the boiler; O,
the fireplace; P, the ash hole; R, R, the flue round the boiler. Figure 3
shews on a larger scale a section of the valve and stopcock to allow the
egress and prevent the ingress of the air whilst the pipe is being filled with
.steam. A, A, A, a section of the steam pipe; B, the box containing the
valve to which the stopcock is attached; C, the valve; D, the stopcock.
For boiling liquids, I place the bottom part of the vessel, which contains the
liquid to be boiled, in a case of iron, copper, or other proper material, leaving
a space between the vessel which contains the liquid and the case for the
steam to operate by its heat. For producing the steam, I make use of a
steam boiler, either round, waggon-shaped, or of any other proper form, made
of iron, copper, or any other proper material. This boiler I fix in any of the
ways in which steam boilers are usually fixed. To the boiler I attach a
steam pipe to convey the steam from the boiler to the space between the
vessel containing the liquid and the casing and another steam pipe. From
thence back to the boiler again, bringing the terminating end of the last-
mentioned pipe under the surface of the water, and taking care that the boiler,
the steam pipes, the vessel containing the liquid, the casing, and the junctures
are perfectly steam-tight. As before described, I put a valve at the termi-
nating end of the return pipe to prevent the water from being forced up the

page_text: egress
pipe, and a box in which I put a valve and stopcock, to allow the and
prevent the ingress of the air whilst the pipes, and the space between the
vessel and the casing, are being filled with steam.
Figure 4 shews a section of an apparatus for boiling liquids. A, the boiler;
B, the vessel to contain the liquid to be boiled; C, the casing; D, the pipe
which conveys the steam from the boiler to the space between the vessel and
the casing; E, the pipe which leads from the space between the vessel and the
casing back to the boiler; F, the terminating end of the return pipe; G, the
valve to prevent the water from being forced up the return pipe; H, the box
with the valve and stopcock to allow the egress and prevent the ingress of the
air whilst the pipes and the space between the vessel and the casing and being
filled with steam; I, a valve which, by means of a handle and screw, is opened
to admit the steam into the pipes, or closed to stop it off as occasion may
require; K, the brickwork of the boiler; L, the fireplace; M, the ash hole;
N, the flue round the boiler.
I have here given a description of the apparatus by which my said Inven-
tion of Certain Improvements in the Method of Heating Hothouses, Manufac-
tories, and other Buildings, and of Boiling Liquids, is performed; but I only
claim for certain improvements in the method of arranging the boiler and
pipes by which the condensed steam is returned into the boiler without expo-
sure to the atmosphere and without obstruction, and by which method a great
saving of fuel is effected, and the expence, labour, and inconvenience of supply-
in fresh water and conveying away the condensed steam is avoided. On the
rising of steam from the boiler the air is driven into the pipes, and as the
steam advances the air recedes until it meets obstruction. It then becomes
compressed, and will resist the further advance of the steam. If an open
unguarded passage be left for the air at certain intervals the current of rari-
fied air will not be sufficient to resist the pressure of the external air. This
will then rush in and occasion a concussion; and if the end of the return pipe
be left open and unguarded the pressure of the steam will force the water up
into the pipe which will obstruct the air and steam at uncertain intervals. It
must therefore appear that a regulating power is necessary. This regu-
lating power I have supplied by the application of two valves, as before
described.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eighth
day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
JOHN (L.S.) HAGUE.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eighth day of July, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and twenty, the aforesaid
John Hague came before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and
acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above written. And also the Specification
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statutes made for that
Inrolled the Eighth day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand