CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING LACE, COMMONLY CALLED BOBBIN NET
Year: 1835

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
ROBERT SEWELL, of Carrington, in tho Parish of Basford, in the County of
Nottingham, Lace Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
under his Royal Letters Patent, bearing date at Westminster, the Second day
of December, in the sixth year of His reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Thomas Robert Sewell, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such persons as I might at any time
agree with, and no other, His especial licence, sole privilege and authority to
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England and Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR MAKING LACE, COMMONLY CALLED BOBBIN NET; " in which said Letters Patent
there is contained a proviso, that if I, the said Thomas Robert Sewell, shall
not, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, fully describe and
ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, and cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of
(hancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said in part recited Letters Patent, that then the said Letters Patent, and
all privileges therein contained, shall utterly cease, as in and by reference
being thereunto bad, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I. the said
Thomas Robert Sewell, do hereby declare that my said Invention is fully made

page_text: known in and by the following Specification thereof, reference being had to the
Drawings hereto annexed, and the following description (that is to say):
My improvements in machinery for making lace, commonly called bobbin
net, apply to that particular class of machinery known under the description
"double tier circular bolt, or circular comb machinery, worked on the locker
bar principle."
The first object proposed to be effected by these improvements is the
making of breadths, that is, the production of several narrow widths of net in
one broad sheet, the selvages of which are connected together by whipping
threads.
The second object is the working of figures or ornamental devices in the
fabric in conjunction with the production of the net.
These improvements are principally adapted to that peculiar construction
of circular bolt or circular comb machinery usually denominated Sewell's
roller locker principle; and for their better illustration, I have, in the accom-
panying Drawings, in the first place, exhibited the arrangement of the
operative parts of a machine on that construction, and will proceed to describe
the details.
Figure 1 is a front elevation of the machine, in the form and according to
the arrangement in which I originally constructed it for the making of plain
bobbin net. Figure 2 is an elevation, taken at the right-hand end of the
machine and Figure 3 is a section, taken vertically through the middle of
the machine, parallel to Figure 2, and viewed in the same direction. The
machinery is mounted in two end frames or standards A, A, braced together
by the longitudinal bars and frames B, B, B. The warp beam is shown at
C and the work beam at D. The front and back comb bars are marked E, E,
the guide bars F, F, the point bars G, G, the work bar H, and the locker
bars I, I. The rigger or pulley K, driven by a strap from any first mover, is
fixed on the outer end of a longitudinal shaft L, entending about half way
along in front of the machine, which shaft also carries a toothed wheel M,
taking into another wheel N on the main longitudinal shaft O, O, by which the
cams and levers are actuated that work the operative parts of the machinery,
bobbins, and carriages a, a, having been inserted in two tiers in the combs b, b,
as shown in Figure 3; and the warp threads conducted through the guides c, c,
and with the bobbin threads carried up to the work beam D in the ordinary
way, the machine may be considered ready for performing its work. Rotary
motion being now given in the manner above described to the main shaft O, O,
the excentric groove or heart camm P on the face or disc of the wheel N as
it revolves will act upon a stud or antifriction roller on the side of an arm Q,

page_text: extending from the middle of the longitudinal shaft R, R, to tlic ends of
which shaft the segment racks S, S, are attached. These segment racks S, S,
take into toothed pinions T, T, fixed to the ends of the locker bars I, I, and
hence as the excentric groove or heart cam P revolves, the arm Q, the
shaft R, and the segment racks S, S, will be made to vibrate and to give such
reciprocating rolling movements to the locker bars I, I, as are requisite for
working the bobbin carriages a, a, to and fro in the combs b, b. These locker
bars are furnished with peculiarly formed blades, as shewn in. transverse
section at Figure 3; the blades being bent or formed in certain curves, and
severally standing at different distances apart, for the purpose of acting against
the tails of the carriages as the locker bars roll in such manner as to cause
the carriages to move with irregular speeds in the different parts of the
operation, the particular object of which is, that the bobbin carriages a, a,
may be placed at a sufficient distance apart when in the middle of the machino
to allow of the lateral or shogging movements of the warp threads, and that
when the carriages are passed into either the back or the front combs they
may be brought nearly close together, and the extent of their action limited.
The shogging or lateral movements of the guide bars F, F, and of the front
comb bar E, are effected, the formér by crank levers, rods, and arms d, d, d,
acted upon by cam wheels e, eat the ends of the machine, the latter by other
crank levers, rods, and arms f. f, f, acted upon also by cam wheels g, g, all
fixed on small shafts hr, h, mounted in bearings at the outer parts of the end
standards, as shewn in Figure 1. The point bars G, G, are worked for the
purpose of taking up the twist by jointed levers i, i, i, at the lower extremities
of which there are antifriction rollers acting upon the peripheries of the cams
k, k, likewise fixed upon the shafts h, h; but all these shogging movements
may be described as similar to those of ordinary locker machines. The small
cam wheel shafts h, h, are made to revolve by means of pinions 1, 1, fixed at
the ends of the main shaft O, which pinions take into wheels m, m, on the.
cam shafts h, h, and hence by the rotation of the main shaft the cam wheels
are driven when the other parts of the machine are in operation. Thus far
I have described the general construction of that kind of machine for making.
bobbin net lace called "Sewell's rolling locker machine," upon which the
principle parts of my present improvements are founded.
I now proceed, to point out these improvements, their particular objects,
and mode of operating: in the first place, for the production of several narrow
breadths of net in one sheet, having distinct selvages connected together by
whipping threads; and secondly, for figuring.
The mode which I originally adopted for fixing the brass blades to the

page_text: iron locker bars was by cutting longitudinal grooves in the bars, and after
introducing the back edges of the brass blades into those grooves to beat
the edges of the grooves inward, and thereby cause the iron to indent
into the brass of which the blades were made and hold them securely. In
my present improvement it is necessary to form openings or spaces in the
blades of the back locker bar for the purpose of allowing certain of the
carriages to be held back, that is, kept stationary at certain periods of
the operation whilst the other carriages are working, in order that those
carriages so held back may have the direction of their traverse changed by
being made to operate as turn-again and whipping carriages, which is well
understood. For this purpose I construct the back locker bar as a cylindrical
shaft, and cast all the blades together as wings, in connection with a cylindrical
socket, in short portions, which I slip on to the bar endwise one after another
until the bar is filled from end to end, introducing between each two of the
socketed pieces a very short or thin portion or transverse section of such
socketed pieces, formed as a ring, with fingers corresponding to the transverse
sectional positions of the blades. I then, by pius, screws, or any other means,
make fast to the shaft, in longitudinal coincidence, the portions of the socketed
blades of the locker bar intended to work the plain parts of the net, allowing
the loose portions of the blades to turn freely round the cylindrical shaft when
required to act independently of the other parts of the blades. For the
better illustration of this, Figure 4 represents a part of a cylindrical locker
bar I with the blades constructed of socketed portions, as described, and shewn
partly in longitudinal section. Figure 5 is a transverse section of the same.
a, a, are the moveable portions of the blades, which for making breadths with
selvages in the net should each be equal in thickness to one gate of the
circular combs; b, 6, are the fixed portions of the blades: The ring of each
movable portion a has a stem e extending from its under part, which stems
aro all to be inserted into a longitudinal bar d, d, d, placed along and parallel
to the whole length of the locker bar. The stems are all made fast to the
longitudinal bar & by screw nuts, and consequently the movable portions of
the locker blades a, a, must all operate simultanously. A long plate spring e
is attached near each end to the under part of the bar d, having a tooth fat
its acting extremity, which by the force of the spring is made to take into
a notch in a collar or boss g, formed on one of the fast socketed pieces b of
the locker blades near each end of the locker bar. By means of these teeth
f taking into the notches of the collars g, the fast and the movable portions
of the locker blades are held in coincidence, as shown in Figure 5, and
they, consequently, under these circumstances, all act together. The fast and

page_text: the movable portions of the blades of the back Tocker bar so united, and
their relative positions with the b
bobbins and carriages immediately before
commencing the operation which effects the turn-again of the selvage carriages,
are shewn in the transverse section of the locker bars I, I, and comb bars
E, E, at Figure 6. In order to effect the operation upon the carriages at the
selvages of the breadtlis called "turn-again," I employ a tappet wheel W,
mounted near the middle of the machine upon an elongation of the horizontal
shaft h, which carries the Dawson's wheels that work the guide bars, point
bars, and front comb bar at the right-hand end of the machine. This tappet
wheel W is shewn detached at Figure 7; its periphery may be supposed to be
divided into twelve equal parts, corresponding to similar divisions on the Daw-
son's wheels fixed upon the same shaft, and the elevations on the tappet whcel
are so situated as to act upon the neb at the lower end of the compound lever
which governs the movable portions of the locker blades a, a, a, in accordance
with the action of the other parts of the machinery, one rotation of the
wheels effecting the production of a row of complete holes or meshes of the
net. The front comb bar being now in the act of shogging to the left hand,
the elevation at the division No. (11) of the tappet wheel W is brought into
operation against the end of a compound lever, for the purpose of holding
the bar d with the movable portions of the locker blades a, a, a, stationary.
The manner of doing this will be understood by reference to the sectional
representation of the locker bars I, I, and comb bars E, E, shewn in Figure 8.
The compound lever, before mentioned, is represented in this and the following
Figures at i, i, i, the fulcrum pivots on which it acts being in the ends of the
bar k, extending along the back of the machine, and on a stud l, fixed in a bar
standing transversely across near the middle of the machine. The elevation at
the division (11) on the periphery of the tappet wheel W. having raised the
neb at the lower end of the compound lever i, as in the last-mentioned
Figure, the pins m in the small arms n, affixed to the bark at the upper end
of the compound lever, are raised, and made to take into the holes in the
arms o, extending from the plates e, attached to the longitudinal bar d, beforo
described. By these means the bar d with all the movable portions of the
locker blades a, a, a, are held fast, and the fixed portions of the blades b, b, b,
moving on, the spring teeth f, which held the fast and movable portions of
the locker blades in coincidence, slip out of the notches in the collars 9,.
before described, and the movable blades being thus held and prevented from
revolving, the fixed blades proceed alone. This holding back of the movable
portions of the locker blades a, a, a, causes the whipping carriages to be kept at
the back part of the back combs, and the turn-again carriages to be prevented

page_text: from passing on with the front tier, the turn-again carriages being by these
means made to arrange themselves with the back tier. By the time that the
fixed locker blades have advanced to those positions shewn in Figure 8, the
elevation (11) of the tappet wheel W will be about to pass from under the
neb of the compound lever, and at the instant that this takes place the
teeth of the plate springs e will have passed into other notches y in
the collars g, and the front comb bar will have shogged to the right hand.
When the neb or point j at the lower end of the compound lever i, i, i, has
fallen on to the smaller radius of the tappet wheel W at the division (12)
the position of the compound lever will be that shewn at Figure 9; the pins m
having been withdrawn from the holes in the arms o and the fast and movable
locker blades now rolling on together toward the front of the machine, they
will assume the positions and place the bobbin carriages as represented in the
last-mentioned Figure. The combined locker blades proceeding on still
further in the same direction, the two tiers of ordinary carriages with the
turn-again carriages will be conducted into the front combs, the whipping
carriages still remaining in the back combs. The front comb bar with the
double tier of carriages now shogs to the left hand. By the returning
vibrating movements towards the back of the machine of the locker blades,
combined as last described, the carriages will be again brought into the
situations shewn in Figure 9, and proceeding onward, the whipping carriages
will arrive at the back part of the back combs, and the movable portions of
the locker blades a, a, a, with the longitudinal bar d and arm o will reassume
the positions shown in Figure 8. The elevation at the division (2) on the
periphery of the tappet wheel W will now come under the nebj at the lower
end of the compound lever i, i, i, and consequently raise the arms n, as before,
when the pins m will pass into the holes in the arms o and hold the movable
portions of the locker blades securely while the front tier of carriages are
passed into the back combs by the further movements of the locker bars.
When the tappet wheel W has turned sufficiently far to allow the nebj of the
compound lever to fall on to the smaller radius of the wheel at the division (3)
the pins m will be again withdrawn from the holes in the arms o, the lockers
and carriages at this moment standing in the positions represented before at
Figure 6. The movable and the fixed portions of the locker blades now act
in conjunction, passing both the tiers of carriages from the back to the front
combs, and in returning toward the back of the machine; when one tier of
carriages has arrived in the back combs the front comb bar is shogged to the
right hand, after which the movements of the carriages proceed as in the
ordinary way of making plain net, until the tappet wheel W has revolved

page_text: sufficiently far to bring the elevation of the division (11) again into operation
against the neb j of the compound lever i, i, i, when the evolution's of: the
machine are again carried on as before described. The forms of the cams,
technically called the Dawson's wheels, for shogging the ordinary guide bar
and front comb bar, suited to the machinery above described, are shown at
Figures 10. A, A, A, represents the periphery of the wheel which shogs the
front comb bar; B, B, B, the wheel for shogging the back guide bar; and,
C, C, C, that for shogging the front guide bar. The peripheries of theso
wheels are divided radially into twelve equal parts, corresponding to the
divisions of the tappet wheel, Figure 7, above described.
Thus far I have explained the construction of my improved machine for
making narrow breadths of bobbin net lace with selvages connected together in
one broad sheet, and in so doing I have described such means of holding. back
the movable portions of the locker blades as I have found suitable and con-
venient for that purpose; I do not, however, mean to confine myself precisely
to the method shewn, as it must be obvious that other modes of occasionally
catching, stopping, or taking hold of and confining the movable portion of the
locker blades might be adopted. I have described each of the movable portions
of the locker blade a, a, a, as equal in thickness to one gate of the combs which
is sufficient for, making narrow breadths of net with selvages, but I do not
intend to limit myself to any particular thickness of the movable portions of
the locker blades, as under some circumstances it will be desirable that tho.
movable portions should be made wide enough to cover several gates of the
combs in order to hold back several adjacent carriages for the production of
ornaments at those parts of the net. I also sometimes associate together several
of the movable portions of the locker blades with their metal washers fixed.
upon the locker bar, slightly pressing laterally between every two portions of
the blades, and I act upon these several portions of the locker blades.
separately or collectively; as may be necessary, for producing ornaments in the
net. I have said that in making breadths and whipping their selvages.
together the tappet wheel W must perform one entire, revolution in coin-
cidence with one revolution of the shogging wheels, or Dawson's wheels at the-
end of the machine, but by dividing of the periphery of the tappet wheel W
into twenty-four parts, placing the elevations as before in the spaces two and
eleven, and causing that wheel to revolve only once during two rotations of the
Dawson's wheels, I should produce eyelet holes in the net instead of selvages:
whipped together, and it must be obvious that by varying the form of this.
tappet wheel with the apparatus above described I can produco a variety.
of ranges of cyclet holes in the net, technically called bullet-holeing.

page_text: Another modification of the machinery is shewn in transverse sectional eleva-
tion at Figure 11, in which several of the movable portions of the locker blades
may be supposed to be associated together in sets, and mounted loosely upon
both the back and front. locker bars, in conjunction with fixed portions
of the socketed locker- blades, as described above, with other apparatus, by
means of which the movable portions of the locker blades may be severally or
collectively acted upon by catches or holders, for the purpose of holding back
certain of the bobbin carriages at suitable periods of the evolutions of the
machine for the production of ornaments in different parts of the net. The
principle parts of this machine are shown in partial section at Figure 12.
I, I, are the locker bars, on which the movable portions of the locker blades
a, a, a, and a, a, a, are mounted, and also the fixed portions of the blades
b, b, b. E, E, are the comb bars; F, F, the guides bars, supported by curved
arms attached to the longitudinal framing bars B, B. These movable portions
of the locker blades have each three stems c, c, c, extending radially, as shewn
in the Drawing, and a notch is formed at the outer extremity of each stem for
the reception of a catch or jack d, the upper. point of the jack head being
intended, by passing into the notch of the stem, to confine one of the movable
portions of the locker blades in such positions as may be required. These
catches or jacks d are severally formed, as shewn detached in two views at
Figure 13, and they are collectively mounted on a pine between plates or
combs f, cast in leads, as shewn detached in two views at Figure 14. By
means of these leads and combs a series of these jacks are attached to the jack
bars U, U, fixed longitudinally at the back and front of the machine under the
comb bars. The lower points of the jack heads bear upon the indented
_peripherics of two cylinders, formed as organ or chime barrels X, X, or a
series of tappet wheels closely combined and fixed upon two shafts would
answer the purpose. These barrels or wheels X, X, being made to revolve,
will work the jacks d, occasionally raising certain of them, so as to cause the
upper points of the jack heads to take into the notches in the stem c, and
thereby hold certain of the movable portions of the locker blades at such
periods of the evolutions of the machine as may be necessary for producing
patterns in the lace. The means by which the wheels or barrels X, X, are
made to revolve is shewn in the sectional elevation of the machine at Figure
11. On an elongation of the shaft h of the Dawson's wheels just within the
framework at one end of the machine a tappet wheel V is mounted, the in-
equalities on the periphery of which wheel as it revolves act against the neb i
of the levers 7, 9. These levers are mounted on studs in the end frame, and
carry the upright clicks or clawkers k, k, the points of which respectively take

page_text: into the teeth of ratchet wheels 1, 2, fixed at the end of each of the organ
barrels X, X. Hence it will be perceived that by the rotation of the tappet
wheel V, such reciprocating movements will be given to the levers 9, 9, as will
cause the clicks or clawkers k, k, to drive the ratchet wheels 7, l, with the organ
barrels X, X, progressively round upon their axes, and thereby to raise the
jacks at the periods required for holding the movable locker blades, and keeping
back certain of the bobbin carriaires. It will be obvious that by varying the
forms of the indentations on the peripheries of the barrels X, X, or of the tappet
wheel V, or of both, that a great variety of patterns may be produced in the net
by thus holding back such of the bobbin carriages- as I may think proper to
keep from traversing; and that by such means I can produce ranges of large and
small ornamental bullet holes or cyclet holes in the net, either lengthwise, cross-
wise, or diagonally, in lines; or zig-zags, or other forms, and also by the same
means prevent certain bobbin carriages from twisting their threads round the
warp threads, in order to produce in the net certain kinds of work resembling
what is technically called fining; and further, I occasionally hold back certain
of the bobbin carriages by means of small hooked levers m, attached to a
vibrating shaft n, at the back or front of the machine, as shewn in the
sectional Figure 12, which shaft may be acted upon to produce the vibratory
movements of the hooked lovers in various ways. For instance, if a suitable
connection by means of a rod were made between the shaft n and the com.
pound lever i worked by the tappet wheel W, as described in referenco
to Figures 8 and 9, the hooked levers might be worked by that means: These
hooked levers may, instead of being attached to the vibrating bar n, be
mounted in peculiarly formed combs o, attached to the bars E, E, as shewn in
the sectional Figure 15; and in that arrangement the tails of the levers
extending outwards: might be acted upon by a tappet barrel p at the back
and front of the machine, or by cam wheels driven by any convenient
mechanism, such, for instance, as clawkers taking into ratchet wheels, in the
same way as the tappet barrels which work the jacks in Figure 11.
In order to produce embroidered work in satin stitch in the forms of spots,
leaves, stripes, zig zags, and a variety of other ornamental devices upon the
surface of the not made in the above-described. machinery, or other construc-
tion of circular bult or circular comb machinery, I hold back one or more of
the bobbin carriages by the above-described means, or by any other con-
venient means, and I pass embroidering threads from auxiliary-bobbins round
one, two, or more of the ordinary bobbin threads at one time by means of
apparatus shewn in Figure 15. This apparatus consists of a hollow tube 7,
having a pinion rat its lower end, and an opening is made through the whole

page_text: extent of the side of this tube and pinion, as shewn in the detached Figure 16.
As many of these tubes as may be required I propose to mount upon a longi-
tudinal bar s, attached to arms t, hanging on studs coincident with the centers
at the ends of the machine. A small bracket u, which carries a hollow
cylindrical stud v, shewn in two positions at Figure 17, is affixed to the bar s
for the support of each tube. Upon this stud v the tube q is mounted, and a
rack bar w, in connection with the pinion r, by moving longitudinally, causes
the tube to turn upon the stud v. An arm a, attached to the tube.
%
carries a small pin cop or one-ended bobbin y, from which the thread is to be
drawn for embroidering the net. The bars, carrying a series of these
embroidering tubes, ranged side by side at any required distances apart, is
made to rise and fall by its pendant arms being connected through the agency
of rods or levers, with a tappet wheel below, or it may be moved by any
other convenient mechanism. By these means the embroidering tubes are
at certain periods made to descend into the position shewn in Figure 15, and
in so doing, one, two, or more, as may be required, of the threads of the
bobbins which are held back, will together pass through the opening in the
side of each the tubes to the interior. While these bobbin threads are thus
enclosed within the tubes 2, and the other are performing their ordinary
evolutions, a longitudinal movement of the rack bar we will cause the pinions?
and tubes to revolve, and in so doing to carry the pin cops y with
their embroidering thread round the enclosed bobbin threads. When this
has been done, the bars with the tubes q is to be raised into the position
shewn by dots, the enclosed bobbin threads passing out through the opening
in the side of each tube, and the bobbin carriages which were held back
being now released they fall in and work with the other ranges of bobbin
carriages, causing the embroidering threads that wound round certain of
the bobbin threads to form as satin stitches upon the surface of the meshes
as the net is producel. The longitudinal movements of the rack bar u,
which gives rotary motion to the pinions r and tubes q, may be effected by
a crank lever and rod worked by a large tappet wheel in connection with the
Dawson's wheels shaft at the end of the machine, or by any other suitable
means, observing that each of these movements of the rack bar must be such
as will give one, two, or more exact rotations to the tubes q in order that the
openings of the tubes when stationary may all stand exactly opposite to the
crosses of the carriages moving in the combs, and for the better effecting of
this I would recommend that the pitch of the teeth of the rack bar w should
correspond with the guage of thic combs. The shogging or lateral movements
of the bar s may be effected likewise by a crank lever and rod, acted upon by

page_text: a large tappet wheel in connection with the shaft of the Dawson's wheels, the
object of such shogging or lateral movement being for the purpose of bringing
the openings of the tubes q into situations capable of taking different bobbin
threads at different times, and so distributing the satin stitches into the
required pattern or devise upon the surface of the net.
I further propose to make figuring in bobbin net lace on circular bolt and
circular comb machinery by a peculiar adaptation of what are technically
called "stumps," commonly employed for giving lateral movements to certain
of the warp threads independantly of the other warp threads, and also by a
peculiar adaptation of apparatus for causing an extra warp beam or beams
to supply variable quantities of thread for the production of figures in the
net. For the better illustration of this part of my Invention, I have shown
these improvements in connection with an ordinary circular bolt double locker
machine in Figure 18, which represents a partial elevation of the back part of
such a machine, principally shewing the positions of the improved parts; and
Figure 19 is a transverse section of the same as seen looking toward the right-
band end of Figure 18, the framing being shewn in dots.
A, A, are the end standards; B, B, B, the framing on which the operative
parts of the machine are supported; C is the warp roller; D, the work roller.
The longitudinal bars E, E, support the series of circular bolts b,'b, on which
the bobbin carriages a, a, move to and fro. F, F, are the guide bars, carrying
the guides c, c, which conduct the warp thread; G, G, are the point bars; H,
the work bar; and I, I, the locker bars, to which the locker blades d, d, are
affixed. The wheel N on the main shaft O receives its rotary motion from
any first mover, and communicates motion through the cam P to levers which
work the "swing jacks and driving bars" in a way that is well understood,
and therefore needs not be further described. The wheel N takes into a similar
wheel Q on a longitudinal shaft R, R, near the bottom of the machine, at
cach end of which shaft there is a pinion L, L, (containing twelve teeth)
working in the teeth of the wheels M, M, (each containing one hundred and
forty-four teeth, or other similar proportions,) on the shafts of the Dawson's
wheels; hence, by the rotation of the wheel N the Dawson's wheels are driven
for working the point bars, the guide bars, the front comb bar, and several other
parts of the mechanism, as will be further described. The form of stump which
I propose to employ is shewn detached in two positions at Figure 20. Any
number of those stumps that may be required are to be fixed upon the edge
of a straight bar, mounted longitudinally in the machine between the ordinary
guide bars, as shewn at S in Figure 19, the stumps e standing erect. This
bar S is supported upon the ends of two levers or arms T, T, which aro

page_text: screwed to a longitudinal shaft V, having journals which turn and also slide
laterally in plummer blocks or bearings on brackets affixed to the framework
at the back of the machine; and to the same, shaft V are also affixed two
other levers or arms U, U, bent downwards toward their extremities, and
carrying antifriction rollers, which run upon the peripheries of cam wheels
W, W, on the Dawson's wheels shaft at each end of the machine. Tho
indentations on the peripheries of these wheels W must be made according
to the pattern intended to be worked upon the net, and. by the rollers at the
ends of the bent levers or arms U, U, falling and rising as these indented
wheels revolve, the arms T with the bar S will be lowered, so as to bring the
stumps down below the guides and free from the warp threads, as represented
by dots, or raised up above the guides among the warp threads, as as shewn
at in Figure 19. The stumps e when raised up into the situations last
described are intended to act by lateral movements upon certain of the warp
threads, for the purpose of pressing such threads sideways out of their
ordinary positions. These lateral movements of the stumps are effected by
shogging the longitudinal bar V, which carries with it the arms T, T, and
stump bar S. This shogging or lateral movement of the bar V is produced
by suitable cams on the Dawson's wheels shafts at each end of the machine.
The extra warp beams are shown at X, X, placed one on each side of the
ordinary warp beam C; their axles turn in bearings at the upper ends of
upright arms Y, Y, which are fixed on longitudinal shafts mounted in the
lower, part of the end frames, see Figure 18. The threads supplied from the
extra warp beams X, X, are represented in Figure 19 as conducted through
the guides.c, c, and are those intended to work in with the other threads to
assist in forming the meshes of plain net, but occasionally these threads are
to be diverted to the production of patterns or devises in the net. The warp
beam. C is driven for the purpose of giving off the ordinary warp threads by
means of a tappet. wheel g on the Dawson's wheels shaft at one end of the
machine; the inequalities on the periphery of each wheel work against a neb
on the horizontal arm of.a right-angled lever h. The lower end of this lever h
acts against the back of an arm i, affixed to the vertical shaft j, and upon this
armia clawkerk is mounted, which takes into the teeth of a ratchet wheel
7 on the worm shaft m. On the upper end of this shaft m a worm n is fixed,
which takes into the worm wheel o on the axle of the warp beam C, hence, by
the rotation of the tappet wheel g, the clawkers are made to drive the shaft mu
and to give that slow rotary motion to the warp beam required for deliver-
ing the supply of warp threads. An arm p, aflixed to the before-mentioned
vertical shaft, carries a clawker q, which takes into a ratchet wheel on

page_text: the worm shafts. The upper end of this shaft s carries the worin t, which, by
acting in the toothed wheel u on. the axle of the work' beam D, causes the
work to be taken up upon the beam D by. the action of the same tappet
wheel g that caused the' warp to be given off from the beam C. The extra
warp beams X, X, are made to revolve by the friction of their surfaces bearing
against the periphery of the ordinary warp beam C; consequently when so
driven the lengths of warp threads delivered from each of the three beams will
be equal, and such is the case when the plain parts of the net are making;
but when the spotting or figuring is to be produced upon the net, then that
extra beam X from whence the threads are drawn that are to be worked in
for forming the figuring must be released from contact with the ordinary warp
beam and allowed to move independently upon its axis.
Figure 21 represents a partial section, taken transversely through the
machine in the opposite direction to Figure 19; the ordinary warp beam is
shown at C, the extra warp beams at X, X, their axles turning upon the
upright arms Y, Y, fixed upon the horizontal shafts mounted in the lower
part of the end frames, as described before in reference to Figures 18 and 19.
A short longitudinal shaft Z, turning in bearings in the framing toward
the back part of the machine, seen best in Figure 18, carries a cam
wheel w, the elevated part of which, as it revolves by coming against one
of the nebs or enclined plains x, x, projecting from the inner sides of the
arms Y, Y, pushes the arm back, and thereby withdraws the extra warp beam
X at top from contact with the surface of the ordinary warp roller C.. The
nebs x, x, for convenience are attached to spring arms, and are brought
up to their proper bearings by set screws y, y. The extra warp beam being
thus withdrawn from the ordinary warp beam, it is now at liberty to give off
any length of thread that may be required for working the patterns, their
necessary tension being obtained by a weighted cord passed round the beam.
Having described the peculiar construction and arrangement of machinery
which constitutes the subject of my Invention as adapted to a double locker
machine, it may be necessary to shew the manner in which the same is applied
to the production of patterns in bobbin net lace. I will therefore explain the
mode of their application to the purpose of working one pattern by way of
example, for which some of the parts, as arranged and exhibited in the Draw-
ings, are particularly designed. For instance, in producing one particularly
spotting pattern, I first work the threads from the extra warp beams as well
as those from the ordinary warp beam into the meshes for producing the plain
parts of the net, but after every three ranges of holes of net 'have been com-

page_text: pleted I then cause these extra warp threads to accumulate upon certain of the
bobbin threads, and produce spots in a series across the net at four holes
apart, then working three more ranges of holes of plain net the next serics of
spots I place at similar distances apart, intervening between the former, and
by a continuance of these operations distribute the spots in diagonal ranges
over the whole surface of the net. To effect this object I employ a set of
Dawson's wheels of large diameters, the peripheries of which are cut as shewn
in the Diagrams, Figure 22. No. 1 represents the figure of the wheels at each
end of the machine for lifting the front point bar; No. 2, that for shogging
the back guide bar at the right-hand end of the front of the machine; No. 3,
that of two similar wheels for lifting the back point bar, one at each end of
the machine; No. 4 is a wheel for shogging the front guide bar at the right-
hand end of the machine; No. 5 is the wheel for shogging the front comb
bar, also at the right-hand end of the machine; No. 6 is the tappet wheel g,
for working the clawkers that give motion to the warp and work beams;
No. 7 is the wheel a, at the left-hand end of the front of the machine,
which acts against the lever for giving the lateral or shogging movements
to the longitudinal bar V, and through that bar to the stump bar S;
No. 8 is the wheel a at the opposite end of the machine for shogging the
bars V and S in the reverse direction; No. 9 is one of the two similar
wheels (one at each end of the machine) for raising and lowering the arms
U and T in order to elevate and depress the bar S with the stumps e; No.
10 is the wheel at the left-hand end of the front of the machine for driving
out the front point bar; No. 11, that for driving out the back point bar at the
opposite end. Figure 23 is an edge view of a wheel J, with lateral cams, which
is to be mounted upon the short longitudinal shaft Z, shewn in the back
elevation of the machine at Figure 18. The accurate positions and forms of
these lateral cams are set out in a Diagram at Figure 24, which represents the
periphery of the wheel extended as a plain, and divided into ninety-six parts,
for the purpose of shewing the exact situation of every point of these cams in
reference to the forty-eight divisions of the Dawson's wheels, which are intended
to revolve twice-to one rotation of the cam wheel J, Figure 23. These lateral
cams as they revolve act against antifriction rollers mounted on studs in a
vibrating lever K in the back part of the machine, and hence as the cam
wheel J revolves the lever K is thrown over to the right or left into an
enclined position. To the upper part of this lever K a spring is attached,
which at its upper end is connected with the bar V, and on the lever K. being
thrown over into the enclined position, the spring will cause the bar V to bear

page_text: in the same direction toward its shogging wheel. The wheels just described
must be so arranged upon their shafts that the points of their several peri-
pheries respectively marked with the same numbers shall come into operation
similtaniously. The front extra warp beam X supplies threads both to the
front and back guides for the production of one, row of spots, the back extra
warp beam X supplies threads in a similar manner for the other row of spots,
so that the extra warp-beams are made so supply the warp threads alternately
for producing the successive ranges of spots. The machine being supposed to
have been working for the production of plain net, to effect spotting, the point
of elevation of the lateral cam wheel J, at the twenty-eighth graduation in the
plan, Figure 24, having arrived in the situation shewn in Figure 18, holds the
vibrating lever K on one side, so as to keep the bar T* of the bar. V bearing
against a stop screw set in the frame B. At this period the elevations on the
wheels W, W, coming into operation against the lovers U, U, the stump bar S
will be raised, and the series of stumps. c stand up above the guides c, c, as
shewn in Figures 19 and 21, their positions being on the left hand (as viewed
from the front) of those warp threads which are intended to form the spots.
Both series of the bobbin carriages having arrived on the front range of bolts,
the points of all the Dawson's wheels at tho graduations twenty-nine will now
come into operation against their respective levers, the elevation on the cam
wheel w upon the shaft Z at this period forcing the arm Y+ back so as to
withdraw the front extra warp beam X, from contact with the ordinary warp
beam C, as shewn in Figure 21. The evolutions of the machine being con-
tinued by the force of the first moving agent, the forms and arrangements of
the parts as described will by their conjoined operations produce the spotted
pattern upon the surface of the net as proposed.
Lastly, as it will be perceived that I have set out my improvements in con-
nection with many parts of machinery for making lace which were heretofore
known and in use, I desire it to be understood that my claim of Invention,
which constitutes the subject of the above in part recited Letters Patent,
consist in the following particulars :-
First, the peculiar construction of the locker blades with fixed and movable
portions, and the modes of operating upon them, as set forth above, for pro-
ducing narrow breadths of net with selvages in one broad sheet, and also for
working patterns in the net.
Second, the adaptation of extra bobbins for conducting embroidering threads
round the ordinary bobbin threads.
Third, the application of a bar carrying stumps having vertical movements
between the guides for the purpose of being shifted in and out of operation.

page_text: And, fourth, the method of working extra warp beams for supplying warp
threads for spotting or figuring the net.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Robert Sewell, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this First day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-six.