Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Mar., 1887
Complete Left, 6th Oct., 1887
Complete Accepted, 8th Nov., 1887
I, WILHELM VON OECHELHAEUSER, of Dessau in the Empire of Germany Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to apparatus for regulating or controlling the flow and
pressure of gas and other fluids.
In gas regulators as heretofore used and by means of which, when the initial
pressure changes and the consumption of gas varies, a definite pressure is maintained
as equally as possible, the construction is generally based upon the employment of an
inverted cylinder or flexible diaphragm which is connected with the closing device
(valve-cone, or the like) for effecting the regulation, and the motion of which is under
the action of the final pressure to be regulated. Such pressure regulators are,
however, invariably very large by reason of the necessary dimensions of the inverted
cylinder or partition, so that the resistances offered to the motion in consequence of
the weight required to be counterbalanced considerably impair the sensitiveness of the
device or the uniformity of the regulation of the pressure; or they do not, when the
dimensions are small, provide for the full area of the passage of the operating pipe
but only for part of the same.
The pressure regulator which forms the subject of this invention is characterized by
the final pressure to be regulated actuating no kind of inverted cylinder or flexible
diaphragm but merely one side of a pressure disc which, serving as a closing device,
either moves vertically in a cylindrical slotted pipe or is connected therewith, and
then works with this pipe in the circular opening of a horizontal diaphragm whilst in
the one as in the other case the pressure upon the pressure disc, which is caused by
the initial pressure of the gas, is counterbalanced by an inverted cylinder or a
flexible diaphragm of equal diameter. The weight of the pressure disc and appurte-
nances is then partly balanced by a counterweight or, if desired, by a floating body
arranged on the cylinder so that by increasing or decreasing the counterweight the
final pressure can be adjusted so as to be higher or lower.

page_text: Differing from all the pressure regulators heretofore used, the inverted cylinder in
this apparatus does not effect the regulation on the final pressure, but it serves merely
to relieve the pressure disc of the initial pressure and as a stuffing box or hydraulic
closing device for the valve rod; the regulation of the final pressure takes place
exclusively by means of the pressure disc.
..
According to one modification of my invention the pressure disc moves vertically
in the interior cylindrical tube provided in the known manner with slits, and is
connected by means of a rod with the inverted cylinder or bell, the diameter of which
exactly corresponds with that of the disc. The walls of the cylinder or bell dip into
the check liquid which is within the annular intermediate space formed by two pipes.
Accordingly in the one as in the other case the initial pressure acting upon the
pressure disc and produced by the entering gas is balanced by the pressure with
which the gas tends to lift or lower the bell. Thus the variations of the initial
pressure have no effect upon the motion of the pressure disc. The action of the
initial pressure upon the pressure disc is altogether excluded. The final pressure acts
as desired against the lower or the upper surface of the pressure disc. This final
pressure can be maintained in equilibrium by the weight of the movable parts of the
apparatus, that is to say the disc rod and cylinder or bell, which parts are partly
balanced by means of a cord or chain and counterweight. By applying counter-
weights the pressure disc and appurtenances are therefore additionally relieved, so
that the final pressure, which maintains these parts in equilibrium, and acts upon the
lower surface of the pressure disc, may be less. Inversely when counterweights are
removed, a greater part of the weight of the pressure disc and appurtenances will
have to be kept in equilibrium by the final pressure of the gas, from which follows
that, by increasing or diminishing the weights the final pressure can be diminished or
increased.
The height of the pressure disc will by reason of the shape of the slits in the interior
tube affect only the quantity of the gas passing through, which quantity will be the
greater the lower the disc descends.
&
The weights of the pressure disc and appurtenances can be counterbalanced by the
buoyancy of a float connected with the pressure disc and cylinder or bell. Weights
are however necessary in order that in conjunction with the weight of the pressure
disc and cylinder or bell with appurtenances, and the final pressure of the gas acting
upon the upper surface of the pressure disc the said buoyancy shall be equilibrated.
Accordingly by increasing or diminishing the weights the final pressure can be
directly diminished or increased.
According to another modification the pressure disc is connected with a slotted tube
and the whole moves easily in a circular opening of a horizontal partition. In lieu of
the inverted cylinder or bell, a movable partition is provided, that is connected by
bellows of yielding material (leather textile fabric, or the like) with the casing of the
apparatus.
The weight of the diaphragm with appurtenances is counterbalanced by a lever
and weights. The diameter of the partition corresponds exactly with that of the
cylinder, so that also here the initial pressure acting upon the pressure disc has no
effect upon the latter.
Thus in all cases the position of the pressure disc is solely and exclusively determined
by the final pressure, whilst any change in the initial pressure will have no effect
upon the pressure disc. Moreover, the amount of the final pressure will solely be
determined by the counterweights, so that the amount of the final pressure can be
varied exclusively by a change in those counterweights.
The inverted cylinder or bell or movable diaphragm in this pressure regulator,
differing from all the constructions heretofore known, does not therefore itself regulate
the pressure, it serves here to exclude the action of the initial pressure upon the
regulator, and also as a gas-tight closing device for the motion of the rod, and
the counterbalancing of the weights suspended therefrom. In all known pressure
regulators this inverted cylinder or bell effects the regulation of the final pressure,
but here solely the exclusion of the initial pressure.

page_text: The herein described pressure regulator can most advantageously be used as a
by-passage regulator in gas works, in which case a pipe is connected with the
pressure side of the exhauster and another pipe with the suction side of the exhauster,
and thus with the conduit coming from the retorts. The pressure regulator will
then, independently of the pressure of the gas-holder especially of the varying
pressure of the telescope gas-holder, maintain a uniformly high pressure in the
conduit between the retorts and the exhauster, inasmuch as when this pressure
decreases or increases, so much gas will invariably pass back through the regulator
as is necessary to bring the pressure back again to the required degree. Accordingly
this new pressure regulator enables the working of the exhauster to be effected by
means of gas motors without the automatic regulation of the motor just as reliably,
and safely as has heretofore been the case with steam engines with automatic
regulation. The apparatus, therefore, renders superfluous also any pressure balance
devices for the retorts, inasmuch as it enables a certain pressure below zero to
be maintained with safety in the tar condenser without any regulation by hand
being necessary, either in consequence of variations in the production of gas or when
the pressure behind the exhauster decreases, for example when apparatus are inserted
or cut out, or telescope gas holders connected or disconnected, and the like. Only
when the number of the retorts in operation changes considerably, a fresh adjustment
of the by-passage regulator becomes necessary.
If a sudden stoppage of the exhauster occurs, the pressure disc owing to the
increased pressure on the suction side, will automatically present to the gas, by means
of openings, the full area for the passage thereof without the diving bell and casing of
the apparatus requiring to be made of the customary large sizes. The bell lifts the
weights which rest upon a plate usually supported by fixed pins, so that the described
adjustment of the pressure disc takes place, not when slight variations of pressure
occur but only when the final pressure for which the adjustment was made has
been exceeded by some millimeters.
In order to allow of the position of the pressure disc being at any time indicated
outside, and the quantity of the gas flowing back to be thus estimated, a gauge mado
of sheet metal is arranged, in or on which gauge openings corresponding with the
slits of the slotted pipe are exactly provided or drawn, so that a hand affixed to the
diving bell passes along this gauge and indicates the position of the pressure disc.
By watching the operation of the regulator, the back-flow of too much gas, and
therefore waste of power, can be easily observed outside and consequently be
obviated.
Apart from these advantages the described pressure regulator, as compared with
the known devices of this kind, has the advantage of considerable simplification
and consequently increased safety of operation and steadiness of action; the new
regulator is therefore specially adapted for use as a town pressure regulator in gas
works, as the insertion and cutting out of gas holders under different pressure, the
connection and disconnection of telescope gas holders and the like does not produce
any effect upon the pressure on the low pressure side. For the same reason this
pressure regulator is adapted for the regulation of the pressure in branch pipes of
the town pipe system, in manufactories, houses, and the like. As a matter of course
the pressure regulator can also be advantageously employed for other than coal gases
and also for atmospheric air to regulate the pressure.
Dated this 30th day of March 1887
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: 1 WILHELM VON OECHELHAEUSER of Dessau, in the Empire of Germany,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
of
.My invention relates to apparatus for regulating or controlling the flow and pressure
gas and other fluids.
In gas regulators as heretofore used and by means of which, when the initial
pressure changes and the consumption of gas varies, a definite pressure is maintained-
as equally as possible, the construction is generally based upon the employment of an
inverted cylinder or flexible diaphragm which is connected with the closing device,
(valve cone, or the like) for effecting the regulation, and the motion of which is under
the action of the final pressure to be regulated. Such pressure regulators are, how-
ever, invariably very large by reason of the necessary dimensions of the inverted
cylinder or partition, so that the resistances offered to the motion in consequence of
the weight required to be counterbalanced considerably impair the sensitiveness of
the device or the uniformity of the regulation of the pressure; or they do not, when
the dimensions are small, provide for the full area of the passage of the main-
conducting pipe but only for part of the same.
The pressure regulator which forms the subject of this invention is characterized by
the final pressure to be regulated not actuating any kind of inverted cylinder or
flexible diaphragm but merely one side of a pressure disc which serving as a closing
device, either moves vertically in a cylindrical slotted pipe or is connected therewith,
and then works with this pipe in the circular opening of a horizontal diaphragm
whilst in the one as in the other case the pressure upon the pressure disc, which is
caused by the initial pressure of the gas, is counter balanced by an inverted cylinder
or a flexible diaphragm of equal diameter. The weight of the pressure disc and
appurtenances is then partly balanced by a counterweight or, if desired, by a floating
body arranged on the cylinder so that by increasing or decreasing the counterweight
the final pressure can be adjusted so as to be bigher or lower.
Differing from all the pressure regulators heretofore used, the inverted cylinder in
this apparatus does not effect the regulation on the final pressure, but it serves merely
to relieve the pressure disc of the initial pressure and as a stuffing box or hydraulic
closing device for the valve rod; The regulation of the final pressure takes place
exclusively by means of the pressure disc.

page_text: In the accompanying drawing various arrangements of such a pressure regulator
are represented.
Figure 1 shows in vertical section a pressure regulator with an inverted cylinder or
bell arranged above the pressure disc.
Figure 2 is a horizontal section on the line A. B Figure 1.
Figure 3 a horizontal section on the line C. D. Figure 1.
Figure 4 a side view of the upper part of the apparatus.
Figure 5 shews a pressure regulator with the inverted cylinder or bell arranged
below the pressure disc.
Figure 6 is a horizontal section on the line A. B Figure 5.
Figure 7 represents a pressure regulator having a movable partition.
Figure 8 is a horizontal section on the line A. B, Figure 7.
According to the forms or modifications of my invention represented in Figures 1
and 5 the pressure disc a moves vertically in the interior cylindrical tube 6 provided
in a suitable manner with slits and is connected by means of a rod d with the
inverted cylinder or bell f; the diameter of which exactly corresponds with that of
the disc a. The walls of the cylinder or bell f dip into the check liquid which is
within the annular intermediate space formed between the pipes 9 and h. Accordingly
in the one as in the other case the initial pressure acting upon the pressure disc a and
produced by the gas entering in the direction of the arrows, is balanced by the
pressure with which the gas in Figure 1 tends to lift, or in Figure 5, to lower the
bellf. Thus the variations of the initial pressure have no effect upon the motion of
the pressure disc a. The action of the initial pressure upon the pressure disc a is
altogether excluded. The final pressure acts as desired against the lower surface of
the pressure disc a Figure 1, or the upper surface of the pressure disc a Figure 5
respectively. This final pressure can be maintained in equilibrium as in Figure 1 by
the weight of the movable parts of the apparatus that is to say the disc a rod d and
cylinder or bell, which parts are partly balanced by means of a cord or chain
and counterweight_n. By applying counterweights n the pressure disc « and
appurtenances are therefore additionally relieved, so that the final pressure, which
maintains these parts in equilibrium, and acis upon the lower surface of the pressure
disc, may be less. Inversely when counterweights are removed, a greater part of the
weight of the pressure disc a and appurtenances will have to be kept in equilibrium
by the final pressure of the gas, from which follows that, by increasing or diminishing
the weights n the final pressure can be diminished or increased.
The height of the pressure disc a will, by reason of the shape of the slits i in the
interior tube b affect only the quantity of the gas passing through, which quantity
will be the greater, the lower the disc a descends. In the position I indicated in full
lines in Figure 1, this quantity is near its smallest value; in the position II shown in
dotted lines, in the same figure it is near its greatest.
In Figure 5 the weight of the pressure disc a and appurtenances is so far overcome
by the buoyancy of a float p, connected with the pressure disc a, and cylinder or
bell, that weights nare still necessary in order that in conjunction with the weight
of the pressure disc a, and cylinder or bell ƒ with appurtenances, and the final
pressure of the gas acting upon the upper surface of the pressure disc a the said
buoyancy shall be equilibrated. Accordingly by increasing or diminishing the
weights n the final pressure can be directly diminished or increased.
According to the modification shown in Figure 7, the pressure disc a is connected
with a slotted tube and the whole moves easily in a circular opening of a
horizontal partition ". In lieu of the inverted cylinder or bell, a movable partition fl
is provided, that is connected by bellows s of yielding material (leather textile
fabric, or the like) with the casing of the apparatus.
The weight of the diaphragin with appertenances is counterbalanced by a lever t
and weights n. The diameter of the partition corresponds exactly with that of the
cylinder b' so that also here the initial pressure acting upon the pressure disc a has
no effect upon the latter.

page_text: Thus in all cases the position of the pressure disc is solely and exclusively
determined by the final pressure, whilst any change in the initial pressure will have
no effect upon the pressure disc. Moreover, the amount of the final pressure will
solely be determined by the counter weights n, so that the amount of the final
pressure can be varied exclusively by a change in these counterweights.
The inverted cylinder or bell or movable diaphragm in this pressure regulator
differing from the constructions hereinbefore known, does not therefore itself regulate
the pressure, it serves here to exclude the action of the initial pressure upon the
regulators, and also as a gas-tight closing device for the motion of the rod, and the
counterbalancing of the weights suspended therefrom. In all known pressure
regulators, this inverted cylinder or bell effects the regulation of the final pressure,
but here solely the exclusion of the initial pressure.
The herein described pressure regulator can be used most advantageously as a
by-passage regulator in gas works, in which case a pipe at A, Figure 1, is connected
with the pressure side of the exhauster and another pipe at B with the suction side
of the exhauster, and thus with the conduit coming from the retorts. The pressure
regulator will then, independently of the pressure of the gas-holder especially of the
varying pressure of the telescope gas-holder, maintain a uniformly high pressure in
the conduit between the retorts and the exhauster, inasmuch as when this pressure
decreases or increases, so much gas will invariably pass back through the regulator as
is necessary to bring the pressure back again to the required degree. Accordingly
this new pressure regulator enables the working of the exhauster to be effected by
means of gas motors without the automatic regulation of the motor just as reliably,
and safely as has heretofore been the case with steam engines with automatic
regulation. The apparatus therefore, renders superfluous any pressure balance
devices for the retorts, inasmuch as it enables a certain pressure below zero to be
maintained with safety in the lar condenser without any regulation by hand being
necessary, either in consequence of variations in the production of gas or when the
pressure behind the exhauster decreases, for example when apparatus are inserted or
cut out, or telescope gas holders are connected or disconnected, and the like. Only
when the number of the retorts in operation changes considerably, a fresh adjustment
of the by-passage regulator becomes necessary.
If a sudden stoppage of the exhauster occurs, the pressure disc a, Figure 1, owing
to the increased pressure on the suction side, will pass to the position III indicated in
dotted lines and automatically present to the gas, by means of openings X the full
area for the passage thereof without the diving bell and casing of the apparatus
requiring to be made of the customary large size. The bell lifts the weights w,
Figure 1, which rest upon a plate usually supported by fixed pins o, so that the
described adjustment of the pressure disc takes place, not when slight variations of
pressure occur but only when the final pressure for which the adjustment was made
has been exceeded by some millimetres.
In order to allow of the position of the pressure disc being at any time indicated
outside, and the quantity of the gas flowing back to be thus estimated, a gauge y
Figure 4 made of sheet metal is arranged on the head part of the pipe h, in or on
which guage openings corresponding with the slits i and a of the slotted pipe bare
provided or drawn, so that a hand affixed to the bell passes along this gauge and
indicates this position of the pressure disc a. By watching the operation of the
regulator, the back-flow of too much gas, and therefore waste of power, can be
easily observed outside and consequently obviated.
Apart from these advantages the described pressure regulator, as compared with
the known devices of this kind, has the advantage of considerable simplification and
consequently increased safety of operation and steadiness of action; the new regulator
is therefore specially adapted for use as a town pressure regulator in gas works, as
the insertion and cutting out of gas holders under different pressure, the connection
and disconnection of telescope gas-holders and the like does not produce any effect
upon the pressure on the low pressure side; for the same reason this pressure

page_text: regulator is adapted for the regulation of the pressure in branch pipes of the town
pipe system, in manufactories, houses and the like. As a matter of course the
pressure regulator can also be advantageously employed for other than coal gases and
also for atmospheric air to regulate the pressure.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
A pressure regulator for gases, in which the regulation of the final pressure by
weighting or unweighting the pressure dise a (by means of weights n) is effected in
such a manner that the final pressure acts exclusively upon the pressure disc and
merely counterbalances the weight or buoyancy affecting the pressure disc, whilst
the action of the initial pressure is balanced by means of an inverted cylinder or
bell () or movable diaphragm (1) which is of the same diameter as the pressure
disc (a) substantially as set forth.
Dated this 6th day of October 1887
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.