improvements in or connected with screens shades or covers for electric lights
Year: 1898

page_text: لوط
I, CHARLES CLARKE BRUFF, of Coalport, in the County of. Salop, China Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to-be as follows:
The invention relates to improvements in or connected with screens shades or
covers for electric lights.
In incandescent electric lamps it is considered desirable to screen or modify the
extreme brilliancy of the glowing filament, and for, this purpose various expe-
dients have been resorted to such as forming the bulb of ground or opal glass or
engraving, ribbing or fluting the same but these devices although to some extent
answering the purpose in view have failed to completely screen the glowing
filament and have therefore been considered more or less imperfect.
•
Now the primary object of the present invention is to obtain a shade cover or
screen which will effectually conceal from view the glowing filament, and at the
same time render the rays of light soft and subdued without unduly if at all
obstructing the same.
}
In carrying the invention into effect 'the shades, covers, or screens are formed
of a suitable china body of a highly transparent nature and this material when
in a fluid or soft condition is run or pressed into a plaster of Paris or other suit-
able mould of the shape required to form the shade cover or screen or part thereof
and when the material has become set the article is removed from the mould.and
submitted to the usual firing and glazing operations employed in the manufacture
of articles of china.
The screens shades or covers may be of any suitable shape or construction but
when applied to incandescent electric lights they are arranged to enclose the
ordinary glass bulbs and are preferably formed in two parts, and one part which
takes the form of a cup or bell provided with a seat for the other part, is carried
by the usual lamp fitting and the other part which may be more or less cylin-
drical although it may be of any other suitable shape has one end closed whilst
its open end fits into the seat of the cup and is there removably fastened by means
of spring clips or any other suitable contrivance permitting its ready attachment
to and removal therefrom so as to facilitate the renewal of the ordinary incan-
descent bulb or cleaning or examining.
Although the invention is primarily intended to be employed in connection with
incandescent electric lamps it will be understood that it may with advantage
also be employed in connection with electric arc lamps.
By the means herein before described a screen shade or cover is obtained which
will effectually conceal the glowing filament, and at the same time modify and
soften the light and thus remove an objection which now exists to the use of

page_text: electric lamps, whilst at the same time the appearance of the lamp when
illuminated will be much improved.
T
1000
WHITE & WOODINGTON,
Rooms 221-225, Birkbeck Bank Chambers,
Southampton Buildings, London, Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION..
Improvements in or connected with Screens, Shades or Covers for
Electric Lights.
I, CHARLES CLARKE BRUFF, of Coalport, in the County of Salop, China Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement;-
―
:
The invention relates to improvements in or connected with screens, shades or
covers for electric lights.
In incandescent electric lamps it is considered desirable to screen or modify the
extreme brilliancy of the glowing filament, and for this purpose various expe-
dients have been resorted to such as forming the bulb of ground or opal glass or
engraving, ribbing or fluting the same, but these devices although to some extent
answering the purpose in view have failed to completely screen the glowing
filament and have therefore been considered more or less imperfect.
Now the primary object of the present invention is to obtain a shade cover or
screen which will effectually conceal from view the glowing filament and at the
same time render the rays of light soft and subdued without unduly if at all
obstructing the same.
In carrying the invention into effect the shades covers or screens are formed
of a suitable china body of a highly transparent nature and this material when
in a fluid or soft condition is run or pressed into a plaster of Paris or other suit-
able mould of the shape required to form the shade cover or screen or part thereof
and when the material has become set the article is removed from the mould and
submitted to the usual firing and glazing operations employed in the manufacture
of articles of china.
The screens shades or covers may be of any suitable shape or construction but
when applied to incandescent electric lights they are arranged to enclose the
ordinary glass bulbs and are preferably formed in two parts, and one part which
takes the form of a cup or bell provided with a seat for the other part is carried
by the usual lamp fitting and the other part which may be more or less cylin-
drical although it may be of any other suitable shape has one end closed whilst
its open end fits into the seat of the cup and is there removably fastened by means
of spring clips or any other suitable contrivance permitting its ready attachment
to and removal therefrom so as to facilitate the renewal of the ordinary incan-
descent bulb or cleaning or examining.
Although the invention is primarily intended to be employed in connection with
incandescent electric lamps it will be understood that it may with advantage
also be employed in connection with electric arc lamps.
And in order that the said invention may be more clearly understood and readily
carried into effect I will proceed aided by the accompanying drawings more fully
to describe the same:-

page_text: ก
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is an elevation with part broken away representing an incandescent
electric lamp fitted with a screen shade or cover constructed according to the
present invention.
Figure 2 is a plan thereof.
Figure 3 is an elevation of the cup or bell shaped cap separately.
Figure 4 is an underside view thereof.
Figure 5 is a sectional view of part of the body of the screen shade or cover
separately.
Figure 6 is a plan thereof.
Figure 7 is a sectional view representing a modification in the arrangement
of the parts.
Figure 8 is a similar view representing a modification in the fastening means.
Figure 9 is a similar view representing a further slight modification in the
method of attaching the fastening means to the shade or cover.
Figure 10 is a view similar to Figure 1 representing a modification in the method
of carrying the fastening means.
Figure 11 is a plan thereof.
Figure 12 is a sectional view of parts representing a modification of the device
shown at Figures 10 and 11.
Figure 13 is a plan thereof.
Figures 14 are respectively a view similar to Figure 12, a plan of the fastening
means separately and a portion of the shade illustrating a further modification
in the fastening device.
Figure 15 is a sectional elevation showing the upper part of the body of the
screen and the cup or cap illustrating a further slight modification, and
Figure 16 is a plan thereof.
The several figures in which like parts are indicated by similar letters of refer-
ence are drawn to a variable scale.
Referring to Figures 1 to 6 a represents an ordinary incandescent electric
lamp, a represents the usual lamp fitting and a² represents the nut which secures
the shade to the fitting a¹; b represents the body of the shade, cover or screen,
and represents the cup or bell shaped cap thereof.
The screens shades or covers 6 62 are preferably formed of a suitable china body
of a highly transparent nature and this material when in a fluid or soft condition
is run or pressed into a plaster of Paris or other suitable mould of the shape
required to be given to the shade or screen or part thereof in the manner
commonly employed in the manufacture of articles of china, and when the
material has become sat the article is removed from the mould and is submitted
to the usual firing and glazing operations which are well known and therefore
need no particular description here.
The screens shades or covers may be of any suitable shape or construction but
when applied to incandescent electric lamps as represented in the accompanying
drawings they are arranged to enclose the ordinary glass bulbs a of the electric
lamp and are preferably formed in two parts 662 and one part which takes the
form of a cup or bell shaped cap is formed with an enlarged part 6 which
serves as a seating to act in conjunction with the other part and this cap 62 is
formed with an axial aperture which receives the lower part of the lamp
fitting a¹ and the cap is secured thereto by means of the usual nut a².
The other part b of the screen shade, or cover, which is more or less cylindrical
although it may be of any other suitable shape is at its lower end closed whilst
its open upper end fits into the seat 63 of the cup-like cap 62 and is there removably
fastened by means of spring clips c one limb of which engages the shoulder b₁
at the upper part of the body b of the shade thus securely fixing the latter in
5 position whilst permitting its ready attachment to and removal from the cap 6²
so as to facilitate the renewal of the ordinary incandescent bulb a or the cleaning
or examining of the device.

page_text: The clips care formed of light spring steel or other suitable flexible material
and are fixed to the cap 62 by means of split bolts c¹ of comparatively soft metal
each of which passes through a perforation in the cap and through a corre-
sponding perforation in a washer cover which its ends are clinched.
By this arrangement of parts the body b of the shade may be readily placed in
position or removed and when in position the enlarged part 3 of the cap 62 will
form an efficient screen to enclose the clips c and at the same time prevent the
passage of the rays of light from the lamp a.
In the example given at Figure 7 the arrangement of the parts is reversed, that
is to say the enlarged part or seat 63 and clips c are carried by the body b whilst
the cap 62 is engaged by the clips c and in this case the limbs of the clips are
formed approximately of equal length and a bead 61* is formed upon the cap b² to
co-act with the clip c but it will be evident that the bead 61* might be dispensed
with and the clip might be formed to act in the manner herein before shown and
described with respect to the previous figures.
In the example given at Figure 8 the arrangement of parts is similar to that
shown at Figure 7, but in this case the spring clips are provided with heads
which come against the underside of the enlargement and one leg of each
clip c is arranged to engage with the shoulder 6 of the cap 62 whilst the other leg
which is considerably shortened is turned over a washer and thus 'fixes: the
clip e in position.
1001, I.
C
In the example given at Figure 9 the arrangement of parts is substantially the
same as that lastly described except that in lieu of forming the spring clips
with heads they are formed with eyes through which passes a wire ring c
serving to lock the several clips in position.
ixi
*
In the example given at Figures 10 and 11 the spring clips & are formed upon
a ring which is placed upon the lamp fitting a previous to the cap 6ª and is
thus fixed therewith and the spring clips in this case are shaped to engage the
upper curved edge of the enlargement 63 of the body b of the shade and thus
- securely hold the same in position.
In the example given at Figures 12 and 13 the spring clips are carried by a
ring in the manner lastly hereinbefore described, but instead of the clips
engaging the upper edge of the enlargement 63 of the body 6 said enlargement
is provided with slots or apertures 61* therein and the spring clips c are formed
with hook shaped, ends to engage said slots the depression of the clips in this case
serving to disengage them from the slots 61* of the body b.
In the example given at Figures 14 only two spring clips c are employed and
these are formed of a single piece of wire bent into the required shape and the
action of this device is similar to that described with respect to Figures 12 and 13
but the slots 61* are formed contracted towards their upper parts to co-act with the
knob like ends of the clips c.
It will be understood that in all the devices hereinbefore shown and described
except perhaps those shown at Figures 12 and 13 the spring clips c are formed
with tails or finger pieces by means of which they may be manipulated.
In the example given at Figures 15 and 16 the fastening means are made
integral with the device that is to say the body b is formed with an overhanging
flange at intervals provided with slots 66 whilst the cap is furnished with
corresponding projections 61* which are adapted to pass through the slots 66 and
by turning the body b to engage the flange 65 after the manner of a bayonet joint
but inasmuch as this device is somewhat fragile the spring clip arrangements
herein before described are considered more practical for the purpose in view.
The invention is primarily intended to be employed in connection with incan-
descent electric lamps but it will be understood that it may also with advantage
be used in connection with electric arc lamps, and although the means herein-
before shown and described are the best that are at present known for carrying
the invention into effect it will be evident that the construction and arrangement
of the shade or cover and cap and the fastening means employed for connecting

page_text: the same may be considerably modified without departing from the spirit of the
invention and it may further be remarked that in some cases and when employing
a spring clip or holder of suitable construction such for example as those repre-
sented at Figures 10 to 14 the cap 62 may be dispensed with and the body used
alone or if desired in conjunction with a top reflector or the like.
Furthermore, although the device is hereinbefore described as formed of china,
and although that is the preferred material it will be obvious that it may be con-
structed of opal or ground glass or the like.
By the means herein before described a screen shade or cover is obtained which
will effectually conceal the glowing filament and at the same time modify and
soften the light and thus remove an objection which now exists to the use of
electric lamps whilst at the same time the appearance of the lamp when illu-
minated will be much improved.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
1
1. A shade cover or screen for electric lights formed of china or other translucent
material closed at its lower end open at its upper end and means for removably
supporting the same from the electric light fitting substantially as herein shown
and described.
2. A shade cover or screen for electric lights formed of china or other trans-
lucent material comprising a body closed at its lower end and open at its upper
end, a co-acting cap carried by the lamp fitting and means for removably sup-
porting the body in proper co-relation to the cap substantially as herein shown
and described.
3. A shade cover or screen for electric lights formed of china or other trans-
lucent material comprising a body closed at its lower end and open at its upper
end, a co-acting cap carried by the lamp fitting and spring clips catches or fasten-
ing means carried by the body or cap and adapted to engage the other part and
thereby removably support the body in proper co-relation to the cap substantially
as herein shown and described.
4. A shade cover or screen for electric lights formed of china or other trans-
lucent material comprising a body closed at its lower end and open at its upper
end, a co-acting cap carried by the lamp fitting and spring clips catches or fasten-
ing means carried by the lamp fitting and adapted to engage the body and thereby
removably support said body in proper co-relation to the cap substantially as
herein shown and described.
5. A shade cover or screen for electric lights formed of china or other translucent
material constructed and operating substantially as herein shown and described.
141
T
1000
WHITE & WOODINGTON,
Rooms 221-225, Birkbeck Bank Chambers,
Southampton Buildings, London, Agents.
WHITE & WOODINGTON,
Rooms 221-225, Birkbeck Bank Chambers,
Southampton Buildings, London, Agents.