Improvements in and relating to Drying Apparatus.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Dec., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 10th July, 1900—Accepted, 25th Aug., 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Drying Apparatus.
I, MAX KÖNIG, of Gross-Lichterfelde, near Berlin, Chausseestrasse 109B, iu
the Empire of Germany, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion to be as follows:-
The mechanical appliances for drying starch, dyes, and the like, hitherto
constructed have been more or less defective for the reason that a portion of
the material to be dried is carried away with the vapour through the ventilat-
ing flue, owing to which, apart from other disadvantages, a considerable loss
of the substance to be dried takes place.
Various means have been employed to obviate this defect, or to recover the
substance so carried off in the form of powder, for example, over the drying
apparatus a so-called dust-chamber has been arranged, that is to say a large
and tightly closed chamber through which the vapour passes, its velocity being
by this means diminished to such an extent that the dust by reason of its greater
specific gravity falls to the floor of the chamber whence it can be removed from
time to time.
In cases in which the available space is small, partitions have been provided
in the dust chamber, either horizontal or vertical, a small free space being left
above and below, or upon two opposite sides alternately, thereby forcing the
vapour to traverse a path of as great a length as may be separated, and by in-
creasing the number of variations in the direction of the draught of the vapour,
this separation may be still further promoted.
In cases in which no space whatever has been available for a dust chamber,
a box formed of wood or sheet metal has been arranged in the vapour chamber,
and in this box the direction of the draught for the vapour is caused by the
partitions to undergo numerous variations, whilst the velocity of the vapour
decreases owing to the larger cross-section, so that a separation of the dust is
effected.
These devices however, all present the defect that the dust must be removed
therefrom by hand, which is a laborious and protracted operation and one which
moreover necessitates the previous opening of the apparatus. When the open-
ing takes place, it almost always happens that the vapours produced by the dry-
ing operation, and which are not at a high temperature, becomes condensed in
the dust retainer and are deposited in the form of water upon the dust. In this
manner a portion, or even the whole of the pulverulent material in the dust
retainer is spoiled; in the case of starch, for example, gelatinous and valueless
masses are formed.
In accordance with the present invention all these defects are obviated in
the following manner: viz. The pulverulent material is collected upon displace-
able depositing surfaces, and there dried, or kept dry, by means of special heat-

page_text: ing devices; it is then mechanically removed from the apparatus without it
being necessary to open this latter. Owing to the heating devices, the vapours
are not able to condense, and even if, by reason of special circumstances, a por-
tion of the vapour should become deposited, it would immediately be reconverted
into vapour.
A dried material of full value is therefore invariably obtained
without any loss whatever.
In the accompanying drawings several constructional forms of the apparatus
which constitutes the subject of this invention are illustrated.
In the form represented in Figures 1 and 2 by two vertical sections taken
at right angles one to the other, the novel dust-removing device is directly con-
nected with a drying apparatus, as is generally the case in practice. The device
may however, be erected separately from drying appliances in any desired
manner. As shewn in Figures 1 and 2, the drying apparatus consists of a
trough adapted to be heated, an agitating and shovelling device c capable of
rotation therein and of a heating body e fixed within this latter. The material
to be dried is conducted into the apparatus from the charging hopper a by
means of the conveyor screw b; it is then removed from the trough d by
means of the scoops of the agitating device c and distributed over the heating
body e the material falls over the obliquely arranged elements of the latter,
back into the trough d. The material is then conveyed further into the appara-
tus by means of scoops c and leaves the same in a dried condition through the
discharge box or spout f. The drum of the agitating mechanisms rests upon
rollers and is driven from the shaft r. Upon the latter is fixed a toothed-
wheels which gears with the toothed ring of the drum
Above the drying apparatus which has been described, is formed, by means
of the walls h h and it and the cover k, a chamber in which the dust remov-
ing apparatus is erected. The latter consists of several endless cloths or aprons m
arranged one above the other and conducted over rollers which are capable
of rotation. By means of these cloths or aprons m the chamber above the dry-
ing apparatus is divided into a number of compartments in such a manner,
that, at the lateral walls h and h* alternately there remains free
small space
for the passage of the vapour and of the pulverulent material which is carried
with it. The vapour resulting from the drying operation, is carried off through
a flue g which is arranged upon the cover k; fresh air being drawn in at *.
This air becomes heated upon the outer walls of the trough d and passes through
the drying apparatus in the direction indicated by the arrows, thereby carrying
up the vapour and conducting it outside the apparatus.
Inside the endless aprons m and between the rollers are arranged heating
bodies n, which in the present case consist of smooth tubes which radiate their
heat upon the aprons m.
The operation of the dust removing device is as follows:
Owing to the considerable cross-section of area which is left between the
aprons m, in proportion to that of the draught chimney g, the vapour will
traverse that part of the apparatus in which these aprons are situated, at a
small velocity the specifically heavier dust will fall, and become deposited upon
the aprons m. The dust is here exposed to the heat radiated from the heated
bodies and is thus completely dried. The deposit of the dust upon the
aprons m continues in layers which gradually become thicker, but yet are com-
posed of separate particles, so that the dust will be readily dried by means of
the heated bodies n. The surplus heat from these heated bodies serves to main-
tain the vapour in a heated condition and so prevents condensation. When the
vapour has passed through the whole of the compartments formed by the cloths
or aprons m. all dust will have been separated from such vapour and the vapour
only is conducted outside the apparatus, through the chimney g.
When such a quantity of dust has been deposited upon the cloths that it is
deemed advisable to remove it, the chimney g is closed by means of the damper o
thus causing the air in the apparatus to become stagnant. Thereupon the end-

page_text: less cloths m are displaced, by means of transmission chains and chain wheels q,
either simultaneously or in succession, in such a manner that the dust upon the
topmost cloth falls upon that which is next below it, from this latter upon the
next lower cloth, and so forth, and it falls from the lowest cloth into the drying
apparatus and is removed therefrom together with the remainder of the material
which has been dried. During the removal of the dust from the cloths as above,
the drying apparatus is preferably brought to rest, in order that the generation
of vapour may be reduced to a minimum during such time as the chimney remains
closed.
After the dust has been removed from all the cloths, which occupies a short
time only, the chimney g is allowed to remain closed for some little time longer
in order that the dust which has been raised whilst the contents of the cloths
has been falling from one to the other, may again settle. Then the drying opera-
tion is resumed.
In Figures 3 and 4 a constructional form of the dust removing apparatus is
illustrated by means of two vertical sections taken at right angles one to the
other, in which as above described a number of compartments are formed by
means of endless cloths m which are adapted to run over rotatable rollers 1.
The intermediate spaces for the passage of the vapour are in this case situated
upon the front and rear walls i and alternately, and the chimney arranged
upon the cover . The heating devices n, arranged between the cloths m, con-
sist of smooth double-walled plates in which the heating vapour circulates.
According to the constructional form represented in Figures 5 and 6 there are
arranged over the endless cloths m and the heating devices n a number of par-
itions r, which serve to cause the vapour passing through to frequently change
its direction. thus facilitating the separation of the dust from the vapour, as
above specified. Moreover there is shewn in Figure 6 a device by means of which
the dust may be conveyed directly from the cloths outside the dust removing
apparatus. This device consists of channels, tightly excluded from the atmos-
phere by a suitable cover this channel is fixed upon the front and rear walls i
and and into it the dust from the endless cloth falls, and is conveyed by
means of a conveyor screw into a sack or other receptacle attached to the
channel. There is also provided a door or flap ? which is raised into the posi-
tion indicated by the dotted lines whilst the clearing of the cloths is taking
place, in order to prevent dust from collecting in the lower part of the chimney g,
from which it would afterwards be carried away.
Figures and 8 illustrate other constructional forms of the depositing sur-
faces for the dust, in cross-sectional views at right angles one to the other.
Instead of the endless cloths m a single cloth is provided which may be
rolled upon and unrolled from the rollers 7. In this case the heating bodies
are free beneath the cloth. The collecting surfaces may consist of one or more
boxes arranged above the heating bodies n: in these boxes the dust settles.
For the purpose of removing the dust the boxes are withdrawn from the appara-
tus. emptied, and again placed in position.
Finally, the heating bodies themselves may serve as the collecting surfaces
for the dust. In Figures 7 and 8 such a heating body is shewn mounted on
pivots so that it may be caused to occupy either an inclined or a vertical
position for the purpose of removing the dust from its upper surface.
Dated this 14th day of Decombier 1899.
HASELTINE LAKE & Co..
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: I, MAX KÖNIG, residing at 109B, Chausseestrasse, Grosslichterfelde, near
Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The mechanical appliances for drying starch, dyes and the like hitherto
constructed have been more or less defective for the reason that a portion of
the material to be dried is carried away with the vapour through the ventilat-
ing flue, owing to which, apart from other disadvantages, a considerable loss
of the substance to be dried takes place.
Various means have been employed to obviate this defect, or to recover the
substance so carried off in the form of powder. For example, over the drying
apparatus a so-called dust chamber has been arranged that is to say a large
and tightly closed chamber through which the vapour passes, its velocity being
by this means diminished to such an extent that the dust by reason of its greater
specific gravity falls to the floor of the chamber, whence it can be removed.
In cases in which the available space is small, partitions have been provided
in the dust chamber, either horizontal or vertical, a small free space being left
above and below or upon two opposite sides alternately, thereby forcing the
vapour to traverse a path of as great a length as possible in a zig-zag direction.
In this manner also the dust may be separated, and by increasing the number
of variations in the direction of the draught for the vapour, this separation
may be still further promoted.
In cases in which no space whatever has been available for a dust chamber,
a box formed of wood or sheet metal has been arranged in the vapour chamber,
and in this box the direction of the draught for the vapour is caused by the
partitions to undergo numerous variations, whilst the velocity of the vapour
decreases owing to the larger cross-section, so that a separation of the dust
effected.
These devices however, all present the defect that the dust must be removed
therefrom by hand, which is a laborious and protracted operation and one which
moreover necessitates the previous opening of the apparatus. When the open-
ing takes place, it almost always happens that the vapours produced by the dry-
ing operation and which are not at a high temperature, become condensed in
the dust retainer and are deposited in the form of water upon the dust. In this
manner a portion, or even the whole of the pulverulent material in the dust
retained is spoiled; in case of starch, for example, gelatinous and valueless
masses are formed.
In accordance with the present invention all these defects are obviated in
the following manner: riz:-The pulverulent material is collected upon the
displaceable depositing surface, and then dried, or kept dry, by means of special
heating devices: it is then mechanically removed from the apparatus without
its being necessary to open this latter. Owing to the heating devices the vapours
are not able to condense, and even if, by reason of special circumstances, a por-
tion of the vapour should become deposited, it would immediately be recon-
verted into vapour. A dried material of full value is therefore invariably
obtained without any loss whatever.
In the drawings accompanying my Provisional Specification several construc-

page_text: tional forms of the apparatus which constitutes the subject of this invention are
illustrated in Figs. 1 to 8.
In the form represented in Fig. 1 and 2 by two vertical sections taken at right
angles one to the other, the novel dust removing device is directly connected
with the drying apparatus, as is generally the case in practice. The device may
however, be erected separately from drying appliances in any desired manner.
As shewn in Fig. 1 and 2, the drying apparatus consists of a trough dadapted
to be heated, and an agitating and shovelling device c capable of rotation there-
in, and of a heating body e fixed within this latter. The material to be dried is con-
ducted into the apparatus from the charging hopper a by means of the conveyor
screw b; it is then removed from the trough d by means of the scoops of the
agitating device c and distributed over the heating body e; the material falls
over the obliquely arranged elements of the latter, back into the trough d. The
material is then conveyed further into the apparatus by means of the scoops c
and leaves the same in a dried condition through the discharge box or spout f.
The drum of the agitating mechanism rests upon rollers p and is driven from
the shaft r. Upon the latter is fixed a toothed-wheels which gears with the
toothed ring of the drum c*.
Above the drying apparatus which has been described, is formed, by means
of the walls h, h* and i, i* and the cover k, a chamber in which the dust remov-
ing apparatus is erected. The latter consists of several endless cloths or aprons m
arranged one above the other and conducted over rollers which are capable
of rotation. By means of these cloths or aprons m the chamber above the dry-
ing apparatus is divided into a number of compartments in such a manner,
that, at the lateral walls h and alternately there remains free, a small space.
for the passage of the vapour and of the pulverulent material which is carried
with it. The vapour resulting from the drying operation, is carried off through
a flue which is arranged upon the cover k; fresh air being drawn in at g
This air becomes heated upon the outer walls of the trough d and passes through
the drying apparatus in the direction indicated by the arrows, thereby carrying
up the vapour and conducting it outside the apparatus.
Inside the endless aprons m and between the rollers are arranged heating
bodies, which in the present case consist of tubes which radiate their heat
upon the aprons m.
The operation of the dust removing device is as follows:
Owing to the considerable cross-section, or area, which is left between the
aprons m, in proportion to that of the draught chimney g, the vapour will
traverse that part of the apparatus in which these aprons are situated, at a
small velocity the specifically heavier dust will fall, and become deposited upon
the aprons m. The dust is here exposed to the heat radiated from the heated
bodies and is thus completely dried. The deposit of the dust upon the
aprons m continues in layers which gradually become thicker, but yet are com-
posed of separate particles, so that the dust will be readily dried by means of
the heated bodies n. The surplus heat from these heated bodies serves to main-
tain the vapour in a heated condition and so prevents condensation. When the
vapour has passed through the whole of the compartments formed by the cloths
or aprons m. all dust will have been separated from such vapour and the vapour
only is conducted outside the apparatus, through the chimney g.
When such a quantity of dust has been deposited upon the cloths that it is
deemed advisable to remove it, the chimney is closed by means of the damper o
thus causing the air in the apparatus to become stagnant. Thereupon the end-
less cloths m are displaced, by means of transmission chains and chain wheels g,
either simultaneously or in succession, in such a manner that the dust upon the
topmost cloth falls upon that which is next below it, from this latter upon the
next lower cloth, and so forth, and it falls from the lowest cloth into the drying
apparatus and is removed therefrom together with the remainder of the material
which has been dried. During the removal of the dust from the cloth as above,

page_text: the drying apparatus is preferably brought to rest, in order that the generation
of the vapour may be reduced to a minimum during such time as the chimney
remains closed.
After the dust has been removed from all the cloths, which occupies a short
time only, the chimney is allowed to remain closed for some little time longer
in order that the dust which has been raised whilst the contents of the cloth
has been falling from one to the other, may again settle. Then the drying opera-
tion is resumed.
con-
In Figures 3 and 4 a constructional form of the dust removing apparatus is
illustrated by means of two vertical sections taken at right angles one to the
other. in which as above described a number of compartments are formed by
means of endless cloths m which are adapted to run over rotatable rollers 1.
The intermediate spaces for the passage of the vapour are in this case situated
upon the front and rear walls and alternately, and the chimney garranged
upon the cover k. The heating devices n, arranged between the cloths m
sist of smooth double-walled plates in which the heating vapour circulates.
According to the constructional form represented in Figures 5 and 6 there are
arranged over the endless cloths m and the heating devices n a number of par-
titions which serve to cause the vapour passing through to frequently change
its direction, thus facilitating the separation of the dust from the vapour, as
above specified. Moreover there is shewn in Fig. 6 a device by means of which
the dust may be conveyed directly from the cloths outside the dust removing
apparatus. This device consists of a channels tightly excluded from the atmos-
phere by a suitable cover, this channel is fixed upon the front and rear walls i
and and into it the dust from the endless cloth falls, and is conveyed by
means of a conveyor screws into a sack or other receptacle attached to the
channel. There is also provided a door or flap p which is raised into the posi-
tion indicated by the dotted lines whilst the clearing of the cloths is taking
place, in order to prevent dust from collecting in the lower part of the chimney.
Figures 7 and 8 illustrate other constructional forms of the depositing sur-
faces for the lust, in cross-sectional views at right angles one to the other.
Instead of the endless cloths m a simple cloth is provided which may be
rolled upon and unrolled from the rollers 7. In this case the heating bodies
are beneath the cloth. The collecting surfaces may consist of one or more
boxes arranged above the heating bodies n; in these boxes the dust settles.
For the purpose of removing the dust the boxes are withdrawn from the appara-
tus. emptied and again placed in position.
Finally the heating bodies themselves may serve as the collecting surfaces
for the dust. In Figures 7 and 8 such a heating body is shewn mounted on
pivots so that it may be caused to occupy either an inclined or a vertical
position for the purpose of removing the dust from its upper surface.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. A dust removing device for drying apparatus, characterised by collecting
or depositing surfaces for the pulverulent material contained in the vapour,
which surfaces, for the purpose of maintaining the said material in a dry con-
dition, are capable of being heated and are adapted to be displaced from out-
side in such a manner that the deposited dust may be removed from the said
surfaces and added to the other material which has been dried, without open-
ing the apparatus, essentially as and for the purpose described.
2. A constructional form of the dust removing device in accordance with
Claim 1, characterised by the fact that, the collecting surfaces consist of cloths
or aprons such as m. Figs. 1 to 6, or t, Figs. 7 and S arranged one above the
other and which are conducted over rollers such as adapted to be rotated from
outside, by the rotation of which rollers the dust lying upon the cloths is caused

page_text: to fall through apertures provided upon two opposite containing walls of the
apparatus, whilst between the rollers are arranged heating bodies such as n
which heat the cloths and completely dry the pulverulent material, or maintain
it in a dry condition, essentially as and for the purpose described.
3. A constructional form of the dust removing device in accordance with
Claims 1 and 2, characterised by the fact, that each cloth by its movement,
conveys the pulverulent dust through an aperture provided in two opposite walls
of the apparatus into a closed channel such as s in which it may be conveyed
by means of a conveyor screw such as into a receiver attached to the said
channel, essentially as and for the purpose described.
4. A constructional form of the dust removing device in accordance with
Claims 1, 2 and 3 characterised by the fact that the collecting surface is itself
constituted by a heating body such as in Fig. 7, and is arranged in such a
manner as to be adjusted from outside, so that the pulverulent material which
has been deposited thereon, may be caused to fall, essentially as and for the pur-
pose described.
Dated this 10th day of T... 1000
HASELTINE LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.