Improved Revolving Circular Swages or Rolls.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Aug., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 16th May, 1889-Accepted, 13th July,
1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION,
Improved Revolving Circular Swages or Rolls.
JOHN GEORGE WILLIS 122 Ellison Street Hebburn-on-Tyne, Blacksmith and
ALFRED HEPBURN Upper Ellison Street Hebburn-on-Tyne Engineer, County of
Durham do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention consists of improvements in revolving circular swages or rolls for
the manufacture of ships stanchions, belaying pins, spider balls, palisading and baluster
rails and similar articles of different diameters and irregular shape.
The object of this invention is to swage or roll tapered or parallel articles with
circular formations of greater or less diameter than the tapered or parallel articles.
In carrying out this invention we use three circular swages or rolls revolving on
three spindles whose centres form an equal angle triangle, the spindles working in
adjustable bearings attached to standards at each end of the swages or rolls the spindles
have attached to them at one end universal joints or similar contrivances which are
connected with three driving shafts which at the other end have also universal joints
or similar contrivances and are also connected with the three spindles having three
cog wheels, thus allowing the swages or rolls to revolve obliquely to each other and to
the driving shafts; the three cog wheels are geared to one cog wheel attached to the
main driving shaft. The spindles to which the swages or rolls are attached have each
keys fitted the entire length between the bearings of the standards and corresponding
koyways are made in the swages or rolls with sufficient looseness of fit to allow the
swages or rolls to freely separate during the elongation of the iron or other material
when two or more sets of swages or rolls are placed on each of the spindles.
We turn the swages or rolls to the required section and shape of the article to be
Bwaged or rolled.
When swaging or rolling ships stanchions or similar tapered or parallel articles with
one or more balls or circular formations of greater or less diameter than the stanchion
or similar tapered or parallel article, we adjust two spindles to which the swages or
rolls are attached to the required angle or out of parallel to each other, the other
spindle to which is attached swages or rolls wo adjust to the required distance to allow
the iron or other material to be swaged or rolled to be placed in position lengthwise
between the swages or rolls, we then bring the one set of swages or rolls to the
required distance apart from the two sets of adjusted swages or rolls with sufficient
pressure to swage or roll the stanchion or similar tapered or parallel article with one
or more balls or circular formations of greater or less diameter than the stanchion or
tapered or parallel article, while the swages or rolls are revolving.
Either one or more sets of swages or rolls are placed upon each spindle separately
so that the ends touch each other when the stanchion or similar tapered or parallel
article is first put in, the swages or rolls then separate on the spindles fitted with keys
during the elongation of the iron or other material in the process of swaging or
rolling to such a distance apart as may be required for the article to be swaged or
rolled.
We sometimes place the divisions in one or more sets of swages or rolls on one
or more spindles to revolve opposite the divisions in the other one or more sets of
swages or rolls. We also sometimes place the divisions in the one or more sots of
swages or rolls to revolve opposite the solid part of the other one
or more sets
of swages or rolls in such a position so as the entire length of the article to be swaged
or rolled shall have one or more sets of swages or rolls revolving in contact during
the elongation of the iron or other material required in the process of being swaged
or rolled.
When ého ostioles to be swaged or rolled are of such diameter and shape other than

page_text: ordinary we use four or more spindles with additional sets of swages or rolls
attached thereto and are employed in a similar manner as heretofore described.
We sometimes fix the article to be swaged' or rolled stationary between the swages
or rolls allowing each set of swages or rolls to revolve in contact with the article,
we also at one and the same time revolve in the same or opposite direction the entire
sets of swages or rolls, the article to be swaged or rolled being the centre around
which they revolve.
Dated this Twenty eighth day of August 1888.
JOHN G. WILLIS.
ALFRED HEPBURN.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Revolving Circular Swages or Rolls.
We, JOHN GEORGE WILLIS, Blacksmith and ALFRED HEPBURN, Engineer both of
Ellison Street, Hebburn on Tyne in the county of Durham do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention consists of improvements in revolving circular swages or rolls for
the manufacture of ships stanchions belaying pins palisading and baluster rails and
similar articles of different diameters and irregular shape.
The object of this invention is to swage or roll tapered or parallel articles with
circular formations of greater or less diameter than the tapered or parallel articles.
In carrying out this invention we use three circular swages or rolls revolving on
three spindles whose centres form an equal-angle triangle the spindles working in
adjustable bearings attached to standards at each end of the swages or rolls; the
spindles have attached to them at one end universal joints or similar contrivances
which are connected with three driving shafts which at the other end have also
universal joints or similar contrivances and are also connected with the three spindles
having three cog wheels thus allowing the swages or rolls to revolve obliquely to
each other and to the driving shaft; the three cog wheels are geared to one cog
wheel attached to the main driving shaft. The spindles to which the swages or
rolls are attached have each keys or the equivalent thereof fitted the entire length
between the bearings of the standards and corresponding keyways or the equivalent
thereof are made in the swages or rolls with sufficient looseness of fit to allow the
swages or rolls to freely separate during the elongation of the iron or other material
when two or more sets of swages or rolls are placed on each of the spindles. We
turn the swages or rolls substantially to the required section and shape of the article
to he swaged or rolled.
When swaging or rolling ships stanchions or similar tapered or parallel articles
with one or more balls or circular formations of greater or less diameter than the
stanchion or similar tapered or parallel article we adjust two spindles to which the
swages or rolls are attached to the required angle or out of parallel to each other
the other spindle to which are attached swages or rolls we adjust to the required distance
to allow the iron or other material to be swaged or rolled to be placed in position
lengthwise between the swages or rolls; we then bring the one set of swages or rolls
to the required distance apart from the two sets of adjusted swages or rolls with
sufficient pressure to swage or roll the stanchion or similar tapered or parallel article
with one or more balls or circular formations of greater or less diameter than the
stanchion or tapered or parallel article while the swages or rolls are revolving.
Either one or more sets of swages or rolls are placed upon each spindle separately
so that the ends touch each other when the stanchion or similar tapered or parallel
article is first put in the swages or rolls then separate on the spindles fitted with
keys or the equivalent thereof during the elongation of the iron or other material in
the process of swaging or rolling to such a distance apart as may be required for the'
article to be swaged or rolled.

page_text: We sometimes place the divisions in one or more sets of swages or rolls on one or
more spindles to revolve opposite the divisions in the other one or more sets of swages
or rolls; we also sometimes place the divisions in the one or more sets of swages or
rolls to revolve opposite the solid part of the other one or more sets of swages or rolls
in such a position as that the entire length of the article to be swaged or rolled shall
have one or more sets of swages or rolls revolving in contact during the elongation
of the iron or other material required in the process of being swaged or rolled.
When the articles to be swaged or rolled are of such diameter and shape other than
ordinary we may use four or more spindles with additional sets of swages or rolls
attached thereto which may be employed' substantially in a similar manner and as
heretofore foreshadowed.
We will now fully describe our invention having reference to the accompanying
drawings in which Fig. 1 is a sido elevation showing the general arrangement of our
improved revolving circular swages or rolls Figs. 2 and 3 being respectively end
elevations of the right and left hand ends of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a plan of Fig. 1;
Figs. 5 and 6 are enlarged sections of the swages or rolls showing details of swage
construction more particularly hereinafter again referred to; Fig. 7 is a front
elevation of the rolls shown in Fig. 1 but in Fig. 7 the separating swages or rolls
are shown in their closed or shut position whereas in Figs. 1 and 4 these parts are
shown in their open or elongated position. Fig. 8 is an enlarged half elevation of
the swages or rolls showing details of separating swages and Fig. 9 is a section on
liney in Fig. 8. The cross hatching shown on the rolls in Figs. 1 and 4 repre-
sents the tapered side or receding portions of the keys and keyways or arms and
recesses hereinafter described and throughout the following description like letters
in the specification and in the drawings represent like parts.
Referring to Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 a b c are three circular swages or rolls constructed
according to our invention mounted on spindles a¹ b¹ c¹ the ends or journals of which
are carried in adjustable bearing blocks a² 62 c² arranged within the cast iron end
frames or standards d d. The adjustment of the spindles and bearing blocks is
effected in the case of spindle c' and bearing blocks by means of the screws c³.
The lower ends of these screws pass through tapped bridges cast on the upper sides
of the brackets or blocks c² and the upper ends after passing through the brackets c
have keyed to them the mitre wheels which in turn are actuated by corre
sponding first motion mitre wheels cc keyed to the spindle c' mounted in brackets c
and worked by the hand wheel c°. The brackets or blocks care cast with side
flanges or guides to ensure their rectilineal motion within the slides or motion bars
of the standards or frames & d¹.
In the case of the spindles a' b¹ and bearing blocks a³ ³ the adjustment is effected
in substantially the same manner with the exceptions that while in the former case the
motion was vertical that is to say up and down in the present case the motion or
adjustment is horizontal that is to say backwards and forwards laterally.
Further as will be hereinafter shown the adjustment of the former spindles and
blocks c c being on a much larger scale than is the case in respect of the spindles and
blocks a ba³ the latter are arranged to be operated by means of a hand key or
spanner attached to the heads or ends a' of the screws a' b which are attached to
brackets a² ² as described with reference to their opposite ends passing through
brackets a bolted to sides of standards d d the brackets a 6 being similarly
arranged with side flanges or guides to ensure their proper working within their slides
in the end frames d .. The adjustment or alteration of position of the above
mentioned spindles and blocks or brackets of course changes their centres relatively
to one another which prevents their being directly connected to a fixed driving shaft
or motor and we have therefore in order to meet this difficulty adapted the universal
joints or couplings shown in Figs. 1 and 4 as follows:-We form double eyes on the
(right hand) ends of spindles a b c in which the blocks as are mounted and secured
by screw studs a².
We couple the double eyes on left hand ends of connecting rods a³
to blocks a and the double eyes on right hand ends of rods as to blocks a and the
blocks a are likewise mounted in double eyes formed on the left hand ends of the

page_text: short spindles 6 which in turn are secured in fixed bearings in the cast iron frames
or standards 68. Between the cheeks of the frames or standards 8 and on the short-
spindles we mount three equally geared cog wheels 60 all of which are arranged to
receive motion from the prime motor cog 610 mounted on driving shaft driven by
engine power. In this manner the adjustments effected on the swage spindles are
rendered independent in respect of the fixed driving shaft 6".
As hereinabove stated the swages or rolls and the spindles thereof are fitted with
keyways and keys with sufficient looseness of fit to allow the swages or rolls to
freely separate during the elongation of the iron when two or more sets of swages or
rolls are placed on each of the spindles and the manner in which we practically carry
this into effect is as follows:-Firstly we key on the centre of each of the
spindles ac a circular swage or roll A B C arranged as shown in the drawings
with a semicircular segmental or other groove in the centre thereof according to the
shape of the article to be swaged and for the purposes of this specification we will
suppose that we are about to swage a round stanchion or rail post with bulbs thereon
for the handrails to pass through in which case the grooves in the rolls or swages must
be made to suit the radius of the said bulbs. Figs. 5 and 6 are sections of the swages
or rolls shown in Figs. 1. 4. 7 and 8 showing the arrangement of arms or keys A'B'C'
and recesses or keyways A2 B* ( relatively to one another and to their respective
spindles whence it will be seen that the keys and keyways aforesaid are practically
equivalent to a clutch arrangement the arms A B C₁ and recesses A² B² C² of the
central or that portion of the roll or swage which is rigidly fixed to the spindle
forming the keys and keyways or recesses on and in which the corresponding recesses
and arms or keys of the loose or sliding rolls or swages A³ B³ C3 at either end of the
central or fixed swage A B C work. The operation of our invention may be described
as follows:Firstly supposing the stanchion to be formed has to have parallel sides
the rolls a b c are each arranged parallel to one another by means of the adjusting
mechanism hereinbefore described-i.e. roll a is adjusted by hand screws a* roll 6 by
hand screws and roll c by screws c³ and geared wheels c c spindle c7 and hand
wheel c. Roll e must then be lifted by gear aforesaid to a height above rolls a b
enough to allow the red hot iron bar (Figs. 5 and 6) to be thrust into the inverted
apex formed by the converging sides of rolls a and b. Roll c is then quickly lowered
until its lower edge touches the red hot bar. The several rolls or swages abc are
then caused to revolve through the intervention of driving shaft 611 driving cog bo
subsidiary cogs ° connecting rods 68 with universal couplings at either end thereof all
arranged as shown and described and at the same time roll c is gradually forced
downwards on the red hot bar through intervention of handwheel c geared wheels c
spindle e screws 3 and the connection thereto of blocks c² as shown and described.
The effect of the squeezing or pressure of the rolls on the hot bar is to cause the
partially molten iron to synchronously elongate and fill the grooves e e e of rolls a be
and in this way the bulbs of the stanchion are primarily formed. The grooves being
filled the downward pressure of roll c is maintained and increased by the attendant the
effect of which is that the outer ends A B C both right and left of the swages
or rolls are caused to separate in the direction of their longitudinal axes and in
so doing the distance between the bulbs formed in the outer grooves of each swage is
of course gradually increased the outer grooves gradually drawing out or elongating
the red hot bar which is simultaneously being revolved by the action of the rolls
but in a direction opposite to that in which the rolls themselves are revolving
(see Figs. 5 and 6). The downward pressure of roll c is maintained until the grooves
containing the newly formed bulbs have attained under the squeezing and elongating
process described the standard distance apart by measure when roll c is drawn up and
the bulbed and formed stanchion can be taken out of the swages. In order to ensure
the sliding ends or separating swages A³ B³ ³ of the several rolls moving or
separating from their respective central or fixed swages or rolls A B C precisely
synchronously we form a groove t in the two bottom rolls and a corresponding
projection on the upper roll which fits into the groovest of the lower rolls thus
ensuring synchronous motion or separation and in order to bring the separating rolls

page_text: or swages back to their original or closed position after having gone through the
separating or elongating process we provide the simple lever arrangement shown
in Fig. 1 in which ss are metal standards provided with rocking levers s s¹ to the
upper ends of which the rods s's are attached by slotted joints. The ends of rods s
are arranged with gibbed heads which fit into the grooves of rolls and by
simply moving handles (centred in bracket suitably bolted to standard d¹) motion
is communicated through levers to rocking levers ss and rods s². The sliding
ends or separating swages A B³ ³ of each main roll or swage a b c are thus
rendered capable of being hand-operated and controlled synchronously and if
necessary the gibbed heads aforesaid may be fitted to the rods s² so as to be
adjustable thereon in respect of their position in gear or out of gear with their
respective separating rolls or swages.
By referring to Figs. 5 and 6 the arrangement of the several divisions of which
the rolls or swages are by preference built relatively to their respective spindles is
most easily grasped as it is here evident from the direction of motion of the rolls
as shown by the arrows that the bar undergoing swaging is always at any one
point or at any one time subject to the swaging action of all the three rolls together
or of none of them and this is effected by keying the centre length or fixed key or
clutch A B C of rolls a be at the requisite anglo relatively to one another on their
respective spindles a' c¹. When the stanchion or rail post to be swaged has to be of
a tapered form we adjust the lower rolls to the required horizontal angle (which in
practice is very slight) and the upper roll is then lowered by means of the adjusting
gear as heroinbefore described and we fit the journals of the spindles in their respective
blocks or brackets at either end of the swages with sufficient looseness to allow the
swage or roll spindle to be set to the slight angle or taper required without necessarily
mounting the said journal blocks on special rocking gear. In certain cases to obtain
the requisite taper for example where tapered articles only are required instead of
using adjusting gear for adjusting the roll spindles to the taper required the rolls
themselves may be manufactured with the required taper on them and in any case
it may be advisable in order to give a neat finish to articles swaged or rolled
as hereinabove described to pass the said articles through a set of ordinary
finishing rolls.
In Fig. 10 is shown in end elevation the adaptation of the bierein-described invention
to articles having a diameter or shape other than ordinary; thus where we find it
impracticable to use only three swages or rolls and spindles to effect the desired
purpose we may uso say five swages or rolls and spindles m (Fig. 10) the two
uppermost spindles and rolls having lifting and lowering mechanism for the admission
of the article m¹ (Fig. 10) to be swaged or rolled to its place in the centre of the
swages or rolls and it is ovident that the operation of this arrangement being
substantially similar to that hereinabove set forth need not therefore be further described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
(1) For the manufacture of rolled stanchions belaying pins and similar articles
of varying diameters and irregular shape within revolving circular swages or rolls
the hereindescribed method of manufacture by arranging each end of each main
roll or swage upon a spindle in such a manner as that when the article to be
swaged or rolled is placed in a sufficiently molten or plastic state or condition
within or centrally in respect of the swages or rolls each end of each swage or
roll shall when a sufficiency of pressure has been brought about between the said
swages or rolls and the said molien or plastic article gradually and synchronously
separate substantially as and for the purposes herein before set forth.
(2) The combination with a revolving circular swaging or rolling machine in
which each of the swages or rolls is constructed so as to open out or separate
under pressure in the direction of its longitudinal axis as herein before set forth
of the means of adjusting the amount of pressure to be brought about between the

page_text: swages and the article being swaged substantially as herein before described and
illustrated.
(3) The combination with a revolving circular swaging or rolling machine in
which each of the swages or rolls is constructed so as to open out or separate
under pressure in the direction of its longitudinal axis substantially as herein before
set forth of the means of effecting the driving of the said swages or rolls so as to
be irrespective of the adjustments effected in the centres thereof by the intervention
of the connecting rods a and universal couplings at either end of same all arranged
and operating substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
(4) The combination with a revolving circular swaging or rolling machine in
which each of the swages or rolls is constructed so as to open out or separate
under pressure in the direction of its longitudinal axis substantially as hereinbefore
set forth of the means of ensuring the synchronous separating or opening out of
the separating swages or rolls A B C³ substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
Dated this 15th day of May 1889.
A. CRAWHALL CHAPMAN,
2, St. Nicholas Buildings, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Patent Agent for Applicants.