IMPROVED PROCESSES AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING SUGAR FROM BOILED SACCHARINE SYRUPS OR JUICES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Thomas Hughes, of the Firm of Hughes
and Son, Patent Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, for the
Invention of "IMPROVED PROCESSES AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING
SUGAR FROM BOILED SACCHARINE SYRUPS OR JUICES."-A communication
from abroad by Ludwig Weinrich and Julius Schröder, of Perck,
Austria.
Sealed the 31st October 1871, and dated the 3rd May 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Thomas Hughes
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 3rd May 1871.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent
Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED PROCESSES AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING
SUGAR FROM BOILED SACCHARINE Syrups or Juices," a communication to me
from abroad by Ludwig Weinrich and Julius Schröder, of Perek, Austria,
to be as follows:-
The principle of these processes consists in working the congealed
syrup in the centrifugal machines without breaking it into small pieces

page_text: or without mashing it, whereby the syrup is totally or partially removed.
For this purpose the syrup is fitted in forms where they rest till it chills,
then the chilled syrup is put in the centrifugal machine with or without
the forms.
The nature of this Invention will be understood by the following 5
description, reference being had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings,
in which I represent some of the forms, but every form which allows an
equal load to the centrifugal machine can be applied.
..
The form Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 is so constructed that five pieces of it
form a ring fitting in the centrifugal machine. The exterior side a is 1
perpendicular to the bottom of the form, the other sides are a little
oblique to allow the congealed syrup to be more casily taken out of the
form. When the syrup is chilled in the forms it is taken out and five
pieces are put ring like in the centrifugal machine. If the syrup with
the form is to be put in the centrifugal machine the construction shown 1
in Figures 5, 6, and 7, will be found convenient. At the bottom of the
form there is a sieves and an opening o which can be shut when
required, and opened to allow the leaving of the syrup.
A third method of shaping the syrup into proper forms is shown in
Figures 8, 9, 10, and 11, in which is represented a chest of sheet iron, in 2
which are put the pieces m and the walls n, the latter being perforated,
so that in filling the form the mass is equally divided, and at one end of
the chest there is a wooden wedge f, and when the mass is chilled the
wedge is taken out, and the frame may be easily removed and a similar
method may be employed for producing round pieces.
2
If the sugar is to be manufactured in pieces with even or flat surfaces
strong sieves are put into the centrifugal machines, as shown by the
lincs in Figure 12. In employing this process the centrifugal machine
must be constructed so that the edge of the drum of the machine may
be casily removed and replaced. The centrifugal machine being charged 3
and the upper edge of the drum replaced the machine is started, and
after five minutes the syrup is so completely forced out that a yellow
sugar of first rate quality is obtained.
To produce white sugar I employ warm water in a state of mist in the
following manner :-The centrifugal machine is closed by a cover 2, 3
Figure 13, through which passes a tube of sheet iron v, which conducts
the mist in the interior of the centrifugal machine, and at the end w the
Lube ends in the open air. The small tube x with the cock y leads

page_text: steam in the larger tube, and a thermometer is employed to observe the
temperature. As soon as the centrifugal machine is moving it works
like an exhaustor, the air being drawn in at the axis and forced in a
centrifugal direction, and in the tube will be produced a current of
air. If at x steam is let in the latter is mixed with the current of cold
air, and will be partially condensed or changed into mist, and to allow
the condensed water to run away, the tube is placed in an oblique
direction, this mist dissolves the syrups but does not in any way attack
the sugar crystals.
The advantages of these processes are the following:-First, there is
from 70 to 75 per cent. of yellow sugar as the first product obtained
directly from the syrup, and 60 to 65 per cent. of white sugar without
applying treacle, and such results cannot be gained by any of the
known methods; secondly, ten hours after cooking a sugar is obtained
fit for the market, thereby effecting an important saving of time, labour,
and room.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Thomas Hughes in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 2nd November 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent Agents,
123, Chancery Lane, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, Her special
licence that I, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward Thomas
Hughes, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVED PROCESSES AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING SUGAR FROM BOILED

page_text: SACCHARINE SYRUPS OR JUICES," a communication to me from abroad
by Ludwig Weinrich and Julius Schröder, of Perek, Austria, upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Figures on
the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters of reference
marked thereon (that is to say) :-
The principle of these processes consists in working the boiled juice or
syrup in the centrifugal drying machines without breaking or crushing
it. For this purpose the boiled juice is made into various forms by
being poured into moulds and allowed to remain until it is chilled or
congealed and then the forms are taken out of the moulds and placed
in the centrifugal machine, and any form may be used which when
packed with others enables the centrifugal machine to be equally loaded
or balanced.
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawings Fig. 1 is a plan; Figs. 2.
and 3, front and side elevations; and Fig. 4, a perspective view of a
mould so constructed that five forms moulded from it will when placed
closely together make a ring, which can be fitted to or placed around
the inner side of the wire drum or cage of the centrifugal machine. The
side a is perpendicular to the bottom b, but the other sides are slightly
tapered to allow the chilled or congealed form to be easily taken out of
the mould.
Other constructions of moulds are shewn in the perspective views
Figs. 5 and 7, and eight of either of these forms are placed in the
centrifugal machine to form a ring, and three of one form are marked a,
and three of the other form 6 in Fig. 6. When these two description of
forms are employed the centrifugal machine must be constructed so that
its upper ring can be easily removed and replaced, and when the
machine is charged or filled with the congealed forms and afterwards set

page_text: in motion, it will be found that after five minutes working the molasses
are so completely forced out that a yellow sugar of the first quality will
be obtained.
To produce white sugar from the yellow sugar obtained from the
chilled forms or by pressure or other means, I employ in connection
with the centrifugal machine a misty or fog-like vapour made of steam
and air combined in the following manner :-The centrifugal machine
is closed by a cover D, Fig. 8, through which passes a sheet iron pipe R,
which conducts the mist to the interior of the centrifugal machine, the
end a of the pipe R being open to the atmosphere. For the passage of
the steam into the pipe R there is a tube b, provided with a cock h
and a thermometer T to indicate the temperature. As soon as the
centrifugal machine filled with chilled or congealed forms is moving it
works like an exhauster, the air being drawn in at the axis through the
pipe R and forced in a centrifugal direction, thereby producing in the
pipe R a current of air. If steam is let into the pipe R it mixes with
the current of air and becomes partially condensed or changed into a
warm mist or fog, which dissolves the congealed forms, but does not
to any extent attack the sugar, and it will be seen that the pipe R
is placed in an oblique direction to allow the water of condensation
to run off.
Instead of this oblique pipe the apparatus shewn in Fig. 9 may bo
employed. D is a cover raised in the centre, and R a pipe which passes
through the cover, and is formed conical or tapered where it enters the
centrifugal machine. Over the pipe R there is a dome or chamber E
open at the top for the admission of air, steam being supplied through a
tubef to be mixed with the air before it enters the centrifugal machine,
the condensed steam or waste water running off through the tube w,
and in this case as before the cooled steam or mist dissolves the mass,
but does not attack the sugar crystals.
The advantages derived from the employment of these improved
processes are as follows:-First, there is from seventy to seventy-five
per cent. of yellow sugar as the first product obtained directly from the
boiled down juice or sugar mass, and sixty to sixty-five per cent. of
white sugar without applying curing liquor, and such results cannot be
obtained by any of the methods hitherto employed; secondly, ten hours
after boiling a sugar is obtained fit for the market, thereby effecting an
important saving of time, labour, and room.

page_text: Having now described the nature and particulars of the said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it
to be understood that I claim,-
First. The working of the boiled crystallized sugar mass in a chilled
and moulded state by centrifugal machines.
And, secondly. The removal of the thin syrups or molasses from the
chilled forms obtained by pressure or other means placed in the centri-
fugal machine by using in connection with the machine a current of
warm, misty, or foggy vapour formed of combined steam and air, as
such improvements are hercin described and illustrated in the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Second day of November,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
onc.