IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FRAMES OF WINDOWS, DOORS, AND CASEMENTS, AND IN PADS FOR MAKING HERMETICAL JOINTS FOR EXCLUDING DRAUGHTS, DUST, AND RAIN THERE- FROM
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur Charles Henderson, of 6, Southampton Buildings,
Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE FRAMES OF WINDOWS, DOORS, AND CASEMENTS, AND IN PADS FOR MAKING
HERMETICAL JOINTS FOR EXCLUDING DRAUGHTS, DUST, AND RAIN THERE-
FROM." A communication from abroad by Léopold Victor Hennin, of Maisons,
Lafitte, in the Department of Seine aud Õise, in the Republic of France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur Charles Henderson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th May 1879.
"
ARTHUR CHARLES HENDERSON, of G, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the
County of Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FRAMES OF WINDOWS, DOORS,
AND CASEMENTS, AND IN PADS FOR MAKING HERMETICAL JOINTS FOR EXCLUDING
DRAUGHTS, DUST, AND RAIN THEREFROM." A communication from abroad by
Léopold Victor Hennin, of Maisons, Lafitte, in the Department of Seine and Oise,
in the Republic of France.
In applying the principle to a window, for example, a packing or pad of vulcanized
india rubber is let into grooves in the fixed uprights and cross pieces of the window
frame on the faces in contact with the four sides of the sash frame, and on the
corresponding faces of these latter parts other pads or packings of india rubber are
similarly let in, so that these pads projecting outside their respective grooves, when
the window is closed, they are compressed in the joints, and so form an herinetical
junction.
In the bottom of the round rebate and groove of the upright of a sash frame of
a French window, for example, a packing or pad is also placed running its whole
length, and on which the corresponding window closes, and so forming an hermetical
junction.
By this means all inaccuracies in the construction of the window frames and
sashes are remedied, as the india rubber fills up all the inequalities; the noise of
slamming or shocks in closing the windows is overcome, and the panes kept
intact.
The lower traverses of the sash frames advance within the window, the frame being
purposely hollowed for the purpose of collecting the vapour from the glass panes,
and thence lead it outside.
The pads are by preference tubular.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Arthur Charles Henderson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 7th
November 1879.
ARTHUR CHARLES HENDERSON, of 6, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FRAMES OF WINDOWS, DOORS,
AND CASEMENTS, AND IN PADS FOR MAKING HERMETICAL JOINTS FOR EXCLUDING
DRAUGHTS, DUST, AND RAIN THEREFROM." A communication from abroad by
Leopold Victor Hennin, of Maisons, Lafitte, in the Department of Seine and Oise,
in the Republic of France.
This Invention consists, first, in the employment of india rubber for making
hermetical joints throughout, that is to say, all apertures and fissures where draught,
wet, or dust can penetrate in windows, French sashes, casements, frames, or doors,
either of wood or iron, is perfectly excluded; and, secondly, in accomplishing this
object in a thoroughly practical and efficient manner without affecting the ordinary
external appearance, whether such be simple or more or less ornamental.
If, for example, the Invention is applied to a wooden window, in the tixed uprights
and cross pieces on the surfaces in contact with the uprights and traverses of the
frame, india rubber pads are lodged, and on the surfaces corresponding with these
parts of the frame, other pads are similarly let in in such a manner that these pads
projecting slightly outside their respective grooves; when the window is closed they
are compressed in the joints, and so form an hermetical junction. In the bottom of
the round rebate and groove of the upright of a sash frame of a French window,
for example, a pad is also placed running its whole length, and on which the corre-
sponding part of the frame closes hermetically. Consequently the fittings of the
frames to the windows do not necessitate any great accuracy; the india rubber pads
remedy any inequalities of constructions by hermetically closing throughout, and the
play allowed to the frame admits of the expansion or contraction of the wood within
sufficient bounds, which obviates the carpentering necessitated otherwise. The noise
occasioned by slamming the window, the shocks to the frame, and breakage of the
glass are also prevented. These advantages are completed by an arrangement
whereby the steam or moisture running down the glass is carried outside the window,
and thus preventing injury to the paint, paper, or hangings.
Fig. 1 represents in elevation a French window seen from the inside; Fig. 2 is an
elevation of the outside; Fig. 3 is a horizontal section following the line 1, 2; Figs.
4 and 5 are vertical sections by 3, 4, 5, and 6. The frame of the bay is of wood,
and made as usual by the connection of the uprights a, a', with the traverses b, b' ;
the sides d, d', of the window frame are connected to the bay by means of the
hinges c, c, the side or upright d forms with the cross piece of the frame e, the
rebate g, and the weather rail f, one of the sides of the window; the upright d'
with the traverse e¹, the upright h, and weather rail f¹ forms the second part. Each
of the frames d, e, f, g, d¹, e', f, g, bears one or more sashes i, according to the
number of panes in the window. Throughout the height of the uprights a, a¹, and
the sides of the frame d, d', semi circular grooves are made m, in which the tubular
india rubber pads n are forcibly pressed; the grooves made on the sides of the bay
and on the window frame correspond with one another, so that the projecting parts
of the pads meet each other and are pressed together, and by this means form a
perfectly hermetical joint to the exclusion of draught, damp, or dust. The traverses
, 61, are also grooved throughout their length, and their grooves m are furnished
with tubular pads of indiarubber n. These grooves are made in the traverses b, b¹,
where the cross pieces c, c', of the window frame and weather rails f, f¹, press
against the parts b, b¹. The parts c, e', correspond with those b, b', the grooves in
each of which parts are supplied with the tubular pads of india rubber n, as are
likewise the parts d and g, d³, and h.

page_text: Top and bottom, as in the case of the joint of the fixed frame and the movable
or window frame, an hermetical junction is effected. In the bottom of the cavity of
the rebate g, and throughout its height, the tubular pad n is lodged, which presses
against the part h. Consequently wherever there is mobility of the parts forming
junctions with the fixed parts, by the judicious use of these tubular pads of india
rubber perfectly hermetical joints are formed. And as already mentioned, it is not
necessary that the carpentry should be so accurately constructed, as the india rubber
pads obviate any inequalities, and should the window slam the shock is received
by the pads.
Inside the window frames recede within the stationary frame; this is especially
the case with the part 6¹ of the fixed frame, which is below the frames f, f', hollowed
out with a groove or channel o, in which the steam and moisture from the glasses
is collected, and instead of falling inside the apartment, it is carried outside the
house through the aperture o¹. Finally the side p of the rebate g, prolonged below,
forms a shoe covering the weather rail. The bolt fastening the window may be of
any description, independent of the construction of the joint.
What is claimed is the construction of hermetical joints to windows, frames,
doors, or openings, whether of wood or iron, by the use of elastic tubes, preferably
of india rubber, lodged and partly sunk in the grooves or hollows ad hoc, made in
the pieces of wood which rest one on the other, or where it is desired to exclude
draught, damp, or dust; claim is also made to the application of the Invention to
windows, as illustrated by the accompanying Drawings, to doors, and to all wood,
wood and iron carpentry, where such application may be beneficial. The inventor
does not restrict himself to the sole use of tubular pads, as such may be of any other
convenient shape.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur Charles Henderson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventh day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
A. C. HENDERSON. (L.S.)