matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN WARDROBES, CUPBOARDS, CABINETS, AND LIKE FURNITURE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Leighton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
September 1875.-A communication from abroad by Hiram Smith,
of James Town, New York, in the United States of America.
I, ANDREW LEIGHTON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WARDROBES, CUPBOARDS, CABINETS, AND LIKE FURNITURE,” &
communication to me from abroad by Hiram Smith, of James Town,
New York, in the United States of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to provide wardrobes, cupboards,
cabinets, and like furniture suitable for fitting into the corners of rooms
when required for use, and capable of being folded up flat for removal
or stowage.
For the above purposes I construct a wardrobe, cupboard, or cabinet,
with triangular top and bottom pieces, and if desired with triangular
shelves. The said top and bottom pieces and shelves are hinged along
one of their sides horizontally to the front of the wardrobe or like
furniture. The angles of the said pieces and shelves opposite to the

page_text: front are all hinged to a vertical stay or stretcher. The front of the
wardrobe may be fitted with doors in any desired mannor. A catch or
catches may be employed to keep the top and bottom picces, shelves,
front, and stretcher rigidly in position when in usc.
It will be obvious that various modifications of my improved 5
wardrobes, cupboards, cabinets, and liko furniture may be made without
departing from my Invention.
AN IMPROVED DEVICE FOR HOLDING BRAIDED AND OTHER THREAD AND THE LIKE
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Georgo Haseltine, of the "International Patent
Office," Southampton Buildings, London, Doctor of Laws, for
the Invention of "AN IMPROVED DEVICE FOR HOLDING BRAIDED AND
OTHER THREAD AND THE LIKE."-A communication from abroad by
Hugo Sutro, of the City and State of New York, United States of
America.
Scaled the 15th June 1875, and dated the 22nd April 1875.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said George Haseltine at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition and
Declaration, on the 22nd April 1875, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HASELTINE, of the " International Patent Office," Southampton
Buildings, London, Doctor of Laws, send greeting.
-
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
DEVICE FOR HOLDING BRAIDED AND OTHER THREAD AND. THE LIKE," and have
petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors, administrators,

page_text: The skeins on the card may be so wound upon the sections b as to
constitute one continuous thread, cord, or tape; or they may be inde-
pendent of cach other, that is to say, separate pieces on the several
sections b. Thus put upon the said card the fabric which may consist
of woven, braided, or twisted cord, tape, ribbon, braid, or thread, cannot
tangle or soil in the hands of the actual consumer, or of the merchant,
or manufacturer.
With the old method of putting up such goods they were very apt to
become entangled, and as they had to be separately measured in dealing
out certain lengths their delicate tints were often soiled, or they were
twisted out of shape.
Having thus fully described the said Invention, as communicated to
mc by my foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing the
same, I wish it understood that I claim, the devico consisting of a card
or form A notched at the ends and perforated or otherwise weakened
lengthwise so as to be divided into sections b, b, as hercin set forth and
for the purpose specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Haseltine, have hereunto
set my hand and scal, this Twenty-second day of April, in tho
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
Witness,
HY. JA. NOONE.
GEORGE HASELTINE. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF A MATERIAL TO BE USED FOR PAVING OR COVERING ROAds and Paths, anD THE BASEMENTS OF DWELLING HOUSES, AND APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER BUILDING PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Donald Nicoll at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
June 1875.
I, DONALD NICOLL, of 15, Clement's Inn, Strand, London, W.O.,
Justice of the Peace, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF A MATERIAL TO BE USED FOR PAVING
OR COVERING ROAds and Paths, anD THE BASEMENTS OF DWELLING HOUSES, AND
APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER BUILDING PURPOSES,” to be as follows :—
My Invention consists of manufacturing compound materials which
I use together although prepared separately.
In the manufacture of the compounds I call Number 1, I take waste
or refuse hay, straw, tan, hop bine, wild grass, or esparto grass, nettles,
heather, cuttings of trees, gorse, broom, and such other vegetable fibrous
matters, and I cut them into moderate lengths and crush them so that
they will absorb gas tar, pitch, or bitumen in a heated condition. I
then add sand, gravel, chalk, the dried scrapings of roads, burnt clay,
ballast, or other similar substances used for making roads. I prefer them
to be crushed or pulverized and I mix all these together in a cauldron,

page_text: and after they have been heated sufficiently I pour the contents into
moulds, which have been lime-whitened to prevent adhesion, and so
form slabs of any required thickness or dimensions. I join these slabs
together by adding bituminous or similar adhesive matters, and form a
foundation or bed useful for various purposes.
My Invention consists, secondly, of making another compound
material, which I call Number 2, and which is composed of sawdust and
road scrapings, or sharp sand and bitumen, and these I boil well in a
cauldron together, and when poured out in lumps I pulverise the
substance and lay it on the top of the foundation of the slabs already
described, and I then lay a suitable quantity of broken granite of the size
known as macadamised metal on to the compound Number 2, and I roll
the granite with a steam or other roller until it is embedded into the said
compound Number 2. After this is done I make a compound of shingle,
or gravel, flint, or granite, crushed into sizes of about as large as peas,
and having heated the whole to the highest possible degree I mix gas
tar in a hot liquid condition therewith, and pour the same into the
interstices and over the surface of the preceding formation, and before
it is quite cold and set I pass the steam or other roller over the surface
of the road which will then be fit for traffic. Roads and ways paved or
covered in this manner will be found to combine the advantages of
asphalte and of macadam paving, and to be free from the objectionable
qualities of either with some slight modification these compound
materials may be used for various building purposes, for walls, roofs, and
floors of houses and sheds, and similar buildings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIP FURNITURES FOR PREVENTING THE BAD INFLUENCES OF THE VACILLATIONS OF THE SHIP AT SEA
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
February 1875.-A communication from Josef Wertheim, Manu-
facturer, of Frankfort-on-the-Main, in the Empire of Germany.
I, FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent
Agency, of Frankfort-on-the-Main, in the Empire of Germany, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SHIP FURNITURES FOR PREVENTING THE BAD INFLUENCES OF THE VACILLATIONS
OF THE SHIP AT SEA," a communication, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to chairs and other furniture for obviating sea
sickness.
In constructing a chair the seat of the same is attached to a ball
and united with a weight by means of a rod. The said ball forms a
socket joint with the bed which rests on the legs of the chair. The
said weight keeps the seat always horizontal, no matter how stormy
the sea may be, and the passenger is in consequence kept in a vertical
position. A footboard is attached to the weight. Two bands are
alternately fixed at the legs in order to obviate the turning of the
seat.

page_text: In constructing a bed for the same purpose it is attached at the
ball by a rod, and provided with vessels which are filled with water.
The latter form the weight. The bearing is attached to a suitable
support forming with the ball a socket joint. The weight keeps the
bed always in a horizontal position. Bands are provided to obviate
the turning of the bed.
I also make a stand for a dish for the purpose of obviating the
spilling of its contents when the ship is rolling. Arms support the
dish, and are affixed by a rod to a weight. A perforated ring is pro-
vided instead of a socket joint. This ring bears the rod by means of a
pin, and also the support of the dish. The said ring however rests on
two pins which are affixed to the stand. This arrangement fulfills the
purpose of a socket joint, and allows the weight to keep the table
horizontal when the ship is rolling.
IMPRoved Means of aND APPARATUS FOR STOPPERING BOTTLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Phillip Evans and Henry
Williams at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd January 1875.
We, PHILLIP EVANS and HENRY WILLIAMS, of Aberdare, in the
County of Glamorgan, Engine Fitters, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPRoved Means of aND APPARATUS FOR STOPPERING
BOTTLES," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in stoppering bottles,
more especially applicable to those containing soda water or other
aërated beverages, for the purpose of obtaining in a simple and efficient
manner the combined advantages of cleanliness, ease of and in opening,
safety, durability, simplicity, and cheapness.
The improvements consist in constructing the stopper of a flat
metallic (or other suitable) plate, made of a convenient size to cover
the top of the neck of the bottle, and having secured to or formed on
its lower or interior surface a wooden, lignum vitæ, or other suitable
plug or cork which enters the neck of the bottle. This plate is hinged
to a metallic or other wire or cord passing round the neck of the bottle.
•

page_text: To the opposite side of the wire or cord is hinged or otherwise attached
a spring catch, which in its normal position bears over the top of
the neck of the bottle and keeps the stopper plate securely down in
position.
The stopper is released upon pressure of the finger upon the spring 5
or lower end of the catch, which is thus removed from holding down"
the stopper, and the contents of the bottle allowed to escape or flow
out.
AN IMPROVED TUBE STOPPER FOR STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 29th December 1875.-—-A communication from abroad by Peter
Walker, of Jersey City, County of Hudson, and State of New
Jersey, United States of America.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED TUBE STOPPER FOR STEAM BOILERS," to
be as follows :—
This Invention relates to a boiler tube stopper consisting of a spring
packing ring and a clamp for expanding it for each end of the boiler
tube.
According to this Invention the clamps are formed of a collar on
each end of a tube, and other collars on a screwed rod passing through
said tube which are fixed by nuts so as to clamp and expand the elastic
packing rings tightly into the tubes of the boiler; the rod and tube of
the stopper being of suitable length to fasten the packing rings into the
tube at the ends.

page_text: By this Invention the stopper is so constructed that besides expanding
the face of the springs directly against the tube, the outer edge will be
forced out against the ends of the tube, so that the collars will squeeze
the parts so forced out directly against the ends of the tube, thus
ensuring perfectly steam tight joints. A stopper of this kind can be put 5
in a locomotive or marine boiler by the aid of suitable tools without
stopping the fire.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN BRUSHES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hill Cheatle at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
January 1875.
I, JAMES HILL CHEATLE, of Birmingham, Brush Maker, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
BRUSHES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improvement in the manufacture of
brushes, more particularly applicable to the kinds used for the cleansing
of railway or other carriages or vehicles, or for walls, or for general
domestic purposes.
The improvement consists in forming the body of the brush of two
elongated semicircular pieces of wood or other material recessed or
hollowed out in each of their flat faces, so that the hair, bristle, or fibre
can be drawn through holes made therein, and set and retained in
position by means of wires or pitch, but the former, by preference, as
being more reliable, the ends thereof being pressed flat in the said
recesses, and in uniting the semicircular pieces thus formed and fitted

page_text: by a metallic clip or band encircling them centrally in their length, the
ends of the band being held fast in a metallic tube or socket, so as to.
hold the said pieces or parts firmly together to form the body of the
brush, and so as to allow the brush when partially worn to be rotated in
the band to a fresh and unused part.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PADDLE WHEELS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Richard Devereux
Bingham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 31st December 1875.
I, THOMAS RICHARD DEVEREUX BINGHAM, of Sunny Hill, Parkstone,
in the County of Surrey, late a Captain in Her Majesty's Service,
Bengal Cavalry, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PADDLE WHEELS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of a new description of hollow feathering
paddle wheel float, and the improvement consists in using a hollow
vessel instead of the ordinary flat board as now in use for paddle floats,
and the object is to do away with the unnecessary width of paddle boxes
by reducing their width, and to deepen the “ grip" of the floats and thus
increase the immersed area "fulcrum" of the said floats when in
action.
I construct my paddle wheel float of a hollow shovel or bucket shape,
and either half square, half hexagon, pentagon, or octagonal shape, or of
a semicircular form, the sides of which form a centering angle and acute
angles at the top or apex. These floats are constructed of a narrower

page_text: "
and deeper form than any now used, thus giving a deeper and increased
area of immersed surfaces. I make them either on the "fixed or non-
feathering principle, or on the "feathering" principle. If mado on the
feathering principle the floats are pivoted on centres, and on the same
principle are those now in use for feathering floats.
The floats constructed as before described will hold a certain weight
of water whilst the float is immersed, which consequent increase of
power and fulcrum is obtained, thus obviating the necessity for using
steam at so high a pressure, and which also relieves the boilers from
dangerous strains.
Another object and advantage of my said Invention is that it will
diminish the numbor of revolutions by reason of creating a greater
depth of "grip" of floats, and by offering a firmer resistanco, giving
increased power with slower revolutions, and consequently a great saving
of steam and coal.
This Invention will obviate any lateral flow or waste of water, and
will utilize the power more efficiently than the ordinary shape and
mould of nat Ĥoat.
I prefer sheet iron in the construction of my improved paddle wheel.
mould oт пат цоat.
I prefer sheet iron in the construction of my improved paddle wheel.
but it is obvious that any suitable material, metal or wood, or a com- 2
bination of both may be used.
IMPROVED AUTOMATIC, AdjOSTING, AND DEODORIZING APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO CLOSET Lms
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Walkington at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th May 1875.
I
I, WILLIAM WALKINGTON, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
AUTOMATIC, AdjOSTING, AND DEODORIZING APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO CLOSET
Lms," to be as follows :—
My Invention relates to mechanism, whereby a closet lid or cover is
opened and closed automatically instead of requiring to be adjusted by
hand in the usual manner.
The said Invention consists in combining with a closet lid and seat, a
pivoted step or footboard, and an arrangement of levers and rods for
connecting the said step with the lid in such a manner that by stepping
or pressing the foot upon the step the lid will be opened, and by releasing
the said step the lid will be closed; and the seat is also so connected with
the aforesaid mechanism, that by the weight or pressure of a person
sitting thereon the lid or cover will be kept open; and the said lid or
cover is fitted with a deodorizing box which is to be filled with any

page_text: suitable deodorizing or disinfectant substance, and will discharge the
same into the pan when the lid is closed.
The aforesaid step or footboard has its joint or fulcrum at one side of
the front of the wood casing enclosing the closet pan. The outer end or
extremity of this step rests upon or is connected with one arm of an
elbow lever which has its fulcrum at the back of the closet, and whose
other arm extends upward and is connected with a short arm, or link,
or pin behind the hinge or joint of the seat. When the said step is
depressed its action upon the said elbow lever, and through the latter
upon the lid, causes the latter to open. The seat is also hinged at the 1
back, and a rod or bar connected to the horizontal arm of the said elbow
lever projects up through guides inside the casing, its upper end coming
in contact with the said seat. When the seat is occupied the pressure
or weight thereon acting through the said rod or bar upon the horizontal
arm of the said lever keeps the said lever in the position in which it was 1
left by the pressure on the step, and thereby holds the seat open. But
as soon as the seat and step are relieved from the pressure they
re-assume their normal positions, and the lid is thereby automatically
closed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING, REGULATING, MEASURING, AND ARRESTING THE FLOW OR DISCHARGE OF FLUIDS OR LIQUIDS AND PREVENTING WASTE THEREOF
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Solomon Barnett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
July 1875.
I, SOLOMON BARNETT, of No 76, Hackney Road, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING, REGULATING, MEASURING, AND
ARRESTING THE FLOW OR DISCHARGE OF FLUIDS OR LIQUIDS AND PREVENTING WASTE
THEREOF," to be as follows.-
My Invention specially rolates to apparatus employed for controlling,
regulating, measuring, and arresting the flow or discharge of water or
other fluids from cisterns, reservoirs, or other sources of fluid supply or
storage, and has for its object the limiting and measuring the supply of
fluid cach time the apparatus is put in action.
It consists in the application of an improved valve and valve rod to a
measuring chamber or service box, which draws its supply from the
main cistern or other sourse of supply.

page_text: Also in improved means of producing what is known as an after flush
in waterclosets.
Also in certain arrangements of valves, valve rods, and valve scatings,
operating in connection with appropriate mechanism for the purpose of
measuring, regulating, and controlling the flow or discharge of fluids 5
and proventing waste thereof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE COUPLING AND UNCOUPLING OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND TRUCKS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thomas Cassel Pratt
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 25th August 1875.
I, WILLIAM THOMAS CASSEL PRATT, of Lansdowne Place, Newport,
in the County of Monmouth, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE COUPLING
AND UNCOUPLING OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND TRUCKS," to be as follows :—
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for facilitating
the coupling and uncoupling of railway carriages and trucks, and consists
of a lever, the centre of which is formed of a solid link. This link
arrangement is attached to the coupling chain connected with tlie draw
bar; on either side of the link is fixed a handle; when brought into
action the coupling is thrown by means of these handles into the hook
of the draw bar; when the trucks are uncoupled by the lever the latter

page_text: _and the coupling are replaced into their original position resting on a
hook beneath that of the draw bar.
The passenger carriages are coupled in a similar manner, the screw
portion being acted upon by a small lever or ratchet preventing the
necessity of the men going between the carriages to screw them up.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS FOR PRODUCING GAS FROM AN ADMIXTURE OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR WITH PARAFIN, PETROLEUM, NAPTHA, OIL, OR SPIRIT CON- TAINING A LARGE AMOUNT OF CARBON, THE SAID GAS BEING ADAPTED FOR LIGHTING OR HEATING PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Mather at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patonts, with his Petition, on the 20th January
1875.
I, JOHN MATHER, of Gateshead-on-Tyne, in the County of Durham,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of tho said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS FOR PRODUCING GAS FROM AN ADMIXTURE OF
ATMOSPHERIC AIR WITH PARAFIN, PETROLEUM, NAPTHA, OIL, OR SPIRIT CON-
TAINING A LARGE AMOUNT OF CARBON, THE SAID GAS BEING ADAPTED FOR LIGHTING
OR HEATING PURPOSES," to be as follows :-
The object of this Invention is to produce gas for lighting or heating
purposes from an admixture of atmospheric air with parafin, petroleum,
naptha, oil, or spirit containing a large amount of carbon.
The means adopted for producing this gas are as follows:-Atmo-
spheric air is forced by an air pump along a horizontal tube having a
contracted orifice or jet entering into a small chamber or generator, into
which also opens a similar jet from a vertical tube dipping down into the
cistern containing the carboniferous fluid. The air rushing past this
second jet produces a vacuum, causing the fluid in the cistern beneath

page_text: to ascend the vertical tubo and issue from the jet in a spray which
combines with the air in the generator. This combination is carried
forward along a tube that passes through a suitable furnace or oven, and
finally conveyed in a gaseous state to the hydraulic main, and thence
to store tanks; or the gas may be used directly it is made without t
storing it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING BETWEEN PASSENGERS, GUARDS, AND ENGINE DRIVERS OF RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Law at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd October
1875.
I, JAMES LAW (of the Firm of Samuel Law & Sons), of Cleckheaton,
in the County of York, Card Manufacturers, do hereby declaro the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
SIGNALLING BETWEEN PASSENGERS, GUARDS, AND ENGINE DRIVERS OF RAILWAY
TRAINS," to be as follows:-
:-
The apparatus and the improvements thereon to which this Invention
relates is that known as the "cord communicator," which consists of a
cord, one end of which is connected to the catch of a striker and gong
on the engine or its tender, or to a lever connected with the steam
whistle of the engine, the cord being passed from thence through guides
along the several carriages to the break van, and is there wound around
a grooved pulley.
In order to communicate or signal with the engine driver or the guard
it is necessary to reach and pull the cord, this being done from an open
window of the compartment of the carriage, and, apart from the loss of

page_text: cord in such case being supported by bearings and guide pulleys, a rod
being connected to the cord from each compartment of the several
carriages, so as to render the cord available from the interior of the
carriage. A rack, pawl, or catch disc being applied for indicating as
described.
A COMBINED SEAL AND WATCH KEY
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Matthew Wilcox, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Manufacturing Jeweller, for the Invention of "A
COMBINED SEAL AND WATCH KEY."
Sealed the 27th July 1875, and dated the 3rd February 1875.
'
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Matthew Wilcox at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd February 1875.
I, MATTHEW WILCOX, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturing Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention for "A COMBINED SEAL AND WATCH KEY," to be as follows :—
Hitherto watch keys have been either independent of and separate
from the seals and other ornaments of jewellery with which they are
placed on the key or other ring from which they are suspended, or clse
they have been attached to the seal by a swivel, forming what is known

page_text: in the trade as a French seal key. Both these methods are objec-
tionable, the first, because the pipe of the key is apt to become choked
up with dirt, & the second, because of the cumbersome character of the
ornament.
My improvement consists in first forming a watch key of any
approved pattern, and then taking a swivel seal of the ordinary kind,
attaching the usual ornament or projection to the one side of the bow of
the said seal, but not to the other side, so leaving the tube on this other
side of the bow of the scal free to receive within it the pipe of the before-
named key, from whence it can thus be withdrawn at pleasure and when
required for use; and being in the meantime protected from dust, dirt,
and other matters with which the pipe of a watch key becomes in time
choked unless protected.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LATCHES, BOLTS, OR OTHER DOOR FASTENINGS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Lilley Coales at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th August 1875.
I, SAMUEL LILLEY COALES, of Newport Pagnell, in the County of
Bucks, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LATCHES, BOLTS, OR OTHER DOOR FASTENINGS," to be as follows:-
:
This Invention relates to improvements in the mechanism of latches,
bolts, or other like fastenings for doors, whereby the act of pulling or
pushing the knob or handle fixed on each end of the spindle causes the
bolt to be withdrawn, in place of turning the knob or handle as hereto-
fore. For this purpose, in carrying out my improvements, the spindle of
a latch or bolt (upon each end of which the knobs or handles for
withdrawing the bolt are fixed) is arranged to slide to and fro in
suitable sockets or openings formed in the frame or plates of the latch,
bolt, lock, or other like fastening. Upon the spindle an incline or
curved surface is formed, which on pulling or pushing the knob acts
against the end of a slot or projection formed in or upon the bolt to
withdraw its outer end from behind the striking plate or catch fixed on
the jamb or door post. The inner end of the bolt is acted upon by a

page_text: spiral or other spring to force out the bolt to its normal position, the
-return-motion of the bolt acting to move the spindle and knob to their
former position, ready for repeating the action upon the bolt. A double
incline may be formed on the spindle if desired.
A friction roller is mounted upon the bolt for the incline to act
against, and friction rollers are also arranged on the holding catch for
the face of the bolt to act upon when being withdrawn, in order to
reduce the friction thereon.
If desired the bolt may be fixed in position by means of a key or
otherwise, so as to lock the door when required.
A sliding spindle and incline such as above described may also be
employed for lifting a lever latch in place of acting upon a sliding
bolt.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRAWING BEER AND OTHER LIQUORS FROM CASKS OR BARRELS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Edward Miles and
John Tonge at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 30th June 1875.
We, GEORGE EDWARD MILES, of Rochdale, in the County of
Lancaster, Innkeeper, and JOHN TONGE, of the same Place, Plumber,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR DRAWING BEER AND OTHER LIQUORS FROM CASKS OR BARRELS," to
be as follows :-
-
Our Invention consists in the use of certain apparatus, whereby we
are enabled to draw off the beer or other liquor at any level without
tilting the cask or barrel. For this purpose we place the cask or barrel
on end and adapt a plug to the upper part thereof, through which plug
a tube passes and from thence into the liquor. The outside end of this
tube is connected to the "beer engine" or other pump which draws the
liquor through the said tube, which is closed at bottom but is provided
with side perforations.

page_text: hold the tube in the desired position, at the same time keeping the cask
or barrel air-tight.
The aforesaid perforations I form at a short distance from the bottom
of the tube so that it may touch the bottom of the cask or barrel
without allowing the sediment to be drawn off. The tube may be i
connected to the pump by the ordinary lead pipe or by other means,
which will accomodate itself to the different positions of the tube. The
plug and tube may be modified so as to draw off the liquor direct from
the cask (that is without the use of a pump) by bending the outside
part of the said tube downward, until its orifice occupies a position 1
lower than the perforations thereof, a stop cock being of course used.
Iы- PROVEMENTS IN PUMPS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Pinnington at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
August 1875.
I, GEORGE PINNINGTON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Plumber, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iы-
PROVEMENTS IN PUMPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to pumps employed in raising and forcing
liquids, and has for its object to raise a body of water a given height
with less expenditure of power than has heretofore been required. To
effect the above object I employ a column or columns of liquid in a
tube or tubes of small diameter in communication with the pump plunger
or piston, and resting on a valve therein to balance when in action the
column of liquid of large diameter in the delivery pipe, so that the
plunger or piston has only to do work to the amount of overcoming the
friction and resistance of the water on the solid portions of the plunger
or piston, that is to say, on the parts not occupied by the valve.
In practise I construct a pump as follows:-The suction and delivery
valves and pipes are disposed in any convenient way and the pump

page_text: barrel connected between the said valves; the plunger or piston is
formed hollow or chambered; the said hollow or chamber is provided
with two openings, one of which is fitted with a valve and is caused to
communicate with the pump barrel, and the other with a pipe or pipes
of small diameter; the said pipe or pipes is or are carried up above the
delivery orifice of the pump.
It will be obvious that for large pumps the tubes, rods, working parts,
and plunger may be balanced, that more than one plunger may be used,
and that the pipe of small diameter may be caused to communicate with
the interior of the piston or plunger in various ways.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Josiah Turner, Manager of the Coventry
Machinists' Company, of Coventry, in the County of Warwick,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES."
Sealed the 6th October 1875, and dated the 13th April 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Josiah Turner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th April 1875.
I, JOSIAH TURNER, Manager of the Coventry Machinists' Company,
3 of Coventry, in the County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES," to be as
follows:-

page_text: It is well known that some riders prefer a low handle and others a high
one; and again when riding down hill it is found desirable to have the
handle low and between the socket and the rider, which position of the
handle admits of the rider sitting well back, but when going up hill,
the conditions being then reversed, the handle should be well forward
that the arms of the rider may be extended as he is thon enabled to
throw his full force into the leg action. To provide for these changes of
position of the handle I make the bearing piece which carries the
handle free to slide laterally endwise on the pivot pins which project
horizontally from the socket of the spindle of the front wheel fork. One
arm of the bearing peice I form with a ring of clutch-teeth, which take
into corresponding teeth on the side of the socket; when these teeth are
locked together I secure the bearing piece in position by means of a
hinged stop which drops into a space between it and a flange on the end
of the adjacent socket pin The stop is provided with a tail or lever
extension, which on being pressed lifts the stop and allows the bearing
picce carrying the handle to be sudden endwise and thereby disconnect
the clutch. When this is effected the bearing piece is free to swing on
its pivot pins in an arc of about 240°, and to be adjusted to any desired
position within such limits. It may then be locked in position by the
clutch and stop as before explained.
A further improvement relates to the bearing for the axle of the front
wheel, the object being to set up the under half or bottom bearing as
the friction surfaces become worn Below the under bearing is a cottar
which has a set screw passing through its centre. The top half of the
bearing is formed out of the solid metal of the fork which carries the
axle. The point of the cottar screw supports the under bearing, and by
turning it to the right or left the bearing is tightened up or slackened as
may be found necessary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FERRULES FOR UMBRELLAS, WALKING STICKS, AND SUCH LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Octavius Jones at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th February 1875.
I, THOMAS OCTAVIUS JONES, of 8, Blackheath Hill, in the County of
Kent, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FERRULES FOR UMBRELLAS,
WALKING STICKS, AND SUCH LIKE ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
The ordinary ferrules now used for umbrellas and walking sticks are
found very insecure and are often coming off.
This Invention consists in the addition to the ordinary ferrule of a
screw with a head, and to accomplish this I bore a hole through the
centre of the bottom of the ferrule, such hole being plain or turned with
a screw thread to admit of a screw or plain pin being screwed or inserted
in it. The bottom or outer end of this pin terminates in a round or other
shaped solid or hollow piece of metal, thus forming a head to the screw
or pin and large enough to cover the bottom of the ferrule. When this
head or piece of metal wears out it may be unscrewed without taking
the ferrule off the stick, and a new pin or screw with a head inserted by
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WARMING RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND OTHERS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th December 1875.-A communication from abroad by Pierre
Grandjean, a person resident at La Chapelle, France, Machinist.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Forcign Patent
Offices, 18, Rue de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, France, and 6, Piccadilly,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WARMING
RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND OTHERS," communicated to me by Pierre Grandjean,
a person resident at La Chapelle, France, Machinist, to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to warming carriages in general and more
particularly railway carriages, and consists substantially of boxes formed
of several casings, and fixed transversally in the floor of the carriages, cut
and partially removed for this purpose, and in which are placed
stationary or moveable fire-boxes. In these fire-boxes artificial fuel is
burnt in order to heat the air circulating between the casings and
flowing into the interior of the carriages direct or through a collecting
tube and branch pipes,

page_text: The casings forming these boxes are made of cast iron, sheet iron, or
of any other metal suitable. They are placed a proper distance apart
from each other, and the atmospheric air entering through openings in
the lower part or bottom of these boxes circulates in the spaces between
them. This air, warmed by the moveable or stationary fire-box placed
within the first casing, is received by a main pipe, and from that flows
through as many branch pipes as there are compartements in the
carriage. Or under each compartment may be fixed a box like the one
described, and in this case the collecting pipe and its branches are
suppressed, and the heated air between the casings is spread in the
carriage or compartment through openings in the plate, which closes
the upper part of the box, thus forming in reality a foot warmer.
The fire-box of these apparatus when combined with the collecting
pipe and the branch pipes is stationary, and is formed by the walls of the
first inside casing covered with refractory matter. It is provided at its
lower part with a grate and ash-box, provided with openings for the
introduction of the air necessary to support combustion, the products of
which are carried off by a chimney in the top of the fire-box, running
along the bottom and up the outside to the top of the carriage.
When the collecting tube and the branches are suppressed, the fire-
box is moveable and is introduced when filled with incandescent fuel
into the first inside casing through a perforated door made for this
purpose at one of the ends of the box, of which the other end is provided
with openings to create a draught required for the combustion, and to
This moveable fire-box
help to expel the gases produced by the same.
is made with sheet iron perforated at the sides and ends to keep up the
combustion.
AN IMPROVED AUTOMATIC FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Blain at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
January 1875.
I, JAMES BLAIN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Commerical Traveller, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED AUTOMATIC FIRE EXTINGUISHER," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of an automatic apparatus for extinguishing
fire as soon as it originates in locked-up buildings, such as mills,
manufactories, warehouses, workshops, stores, galleries for pictures, and
others, also theatres, and all buildings for public assemblies, also for
safes, ships, and other receptacles. I place the ordinary ingredients for
generating "carbonic acid gas" in two or more receptacles on a con-
venient platform or fixture in the portion of the building to be protected
from fire. The contents of these receptacles are caused to unite as soon
as a fire occurs, in the following manner :-One of the receptacles is
hinged to a fixture and the other receptacle is mounted on rollers. I attach
to a fixture which connects these receptacles a series of springs, and

page_text: these springs are attached or dependent upon a continuous cord which
passes to and fro through the room to be protected, and is guided over
loose pulleys. The ramifications of this continuous cord must come in
contact with the fire wherever it may originate, and as soon as any
portion of this continuous cord is burned, the pressure of the springs
forces the receptacle on rollers under the other receptacle; this action of
the receptacle that was held by the cord breaks a plate glass partition in
one of the receptacles, thereby allowing the contents of the two recep-
tacles to unite'; this union of the ingredients instantly generates and
evolves the carbonic acid gas with which the apartment is filled, and
thus extinguishes the fire.
AN IMPROVED POCKET TO BE ATTACHED TO ANY GARMENT OR OTHER ARTICLE TO WHICH THE SAME MAY BE APPLICABLE FOR THE PURPOSE OF SECURING VALUABLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Macdonald at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th November 1875.
I, WILLIAM MACDONALD, No. 5, Weedington Road, Kentish Town,
London, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED POCKET TO BE ATTACHED TO ANY
GARMENT OR OTHER ARTICLE TO WHICH THE SAME MAY BE APPLICABLE FOR THE
PURPOSE OF SECURING VALUABLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the pocket to be made of either or any of
the following things :-Cloth, velvet, silk, satin, leather, india-rubber, or
other suitable materials. Such pocket to be formed as follows:-An
aperture at top and to have fitted or fixed by any known means a piece
of india-rubber inside the said pocket; such piece of india-rubber to be
provided with a slit or slot made in the same; the said india-rubber to
bo fastened to the inside of the said pocket in such a manner that the
slit or slot in the said india-rubber shall be when fastened to the inside
of the said pocket in the opposite direction to the aperture at the top of
the said pocket; the said piece of india-rubber to be fastened from

page_text: corner to corner to the inside of the said pocket by so fastening the
india-rubber in the said manner; directly that the watch or any other
valueables have passed through the said slit or slot the said india-rubber
returns to its orignal position, thus making it self-securing; the
said pocket when so made to be adjusted or fitted to any garment or
other article to which the same may be applicable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW BLINDS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hutchison at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
November 1875.
I, JOHN HUTCHISON, of the City of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Architect, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW BLINDS," to be as
follows:-
This said Invention has reference to the fixing of the laths of metallic
blinds, hung as Venetian blinds in the insides of windows of dwelling
houses, shops, or other buildings, that when let down by their ordinary
tapes and cords they can thus be made secure as shutters against
burglars, or persons gaining admission through windows fitted with
these improvements. And the nature and novelty of the Invention
consist in piercing a slightly oblong hole vertically through each lath
some little distance from its ends near the batten rods or side frames of
the window, to both of which a plate of brass is firmly secured and
hinged from top to bottom of the windows, folding close up against the
inner face of all the ends of the laths, so that one of a row of projecting

page_text: pins on the inner face of the plate enters the oblong hole of each lath
at both ends and sides of the windows, while a thumbscrew fitted at
one, two, or more parts of the plate, is screwed through it into a socket
nut sunk into the sash frame of the window, so as to fix these hinged
plates in this folded position, which holds and fixes all the laths as a
secured shutter. The hinged plates, pins, and screws, are preferably
made all of brass to prevent corrosion, and the piece to which the front
locking plates are hinged may be much in the form of a long brass plate
close to the lower sash frame of the window, and have the hinged parts
in the form of knees at top and bottom or in intermediate positions
between these or throughout the whole length, firmly secured by long
screws or other equivalent fixtures through the battens into the frame
of the window; this inner plate would form a slide or guide for
keeping the ends of the laths in their positions, especially above the
lower sash while being lowered and raised, when the front hinged plate
would be folded out against the batten quite out of the way of the
blinds while being moved, and might be snecked or otherwise tem-
porarily held back in this position while not locked.
Although these improvements have only been described as applied to
metallic blinds, it will be understood that they may be applied to blinds
made of hard wood or other laths sufficiently strengthened to prevent
them being easily broken.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN LABEL DAMPERS, WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO INKSTANDS, SPRAY PRODUCERS, EAR AND OTHER BRUSHES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bock Binko at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th March 1875.
I, HENRY BOCK BINKO, of the City Road, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN LABEL DAMPERS, WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO INKSTANDS, SPRAY PRODUCERS,
EAR AND OTHER BRUSHES," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in the application of flexible containers of
india-rubber or other suitable material to label dampers, inkstands, spray
producers, ear and other brushes.
According to my Invention I make a label damper of a disc covered
with cloth or other absorbent material to form a pad, the said pad being
fixed on the top of a flexible ball and having a tube in communication
with the under side of this pad and leading down into the ball, which is
filled with liquid, so that the slightest compression of the ball will cause
the liquid to pass up the tube and moisten the cloth or other absorbent
surface on which the labels are applied to be damped. The flexible ball
is fixed on a suitable base or foot so as to maintain the pad in a hori-

page_text: zontal position. Instead of a flexible ball the liquid holder may be made
of glass or other solid substance, the top of which is covered with an
elastic diaphragm to carry the damping pad. The liquid is in this caso
caused to rise through the tube to moisten the pad by pressing lightly
on the latter so as to depress the diaphragm.
I make an ink-holder also of a flexible ball fixed on a base and
provided with a dipping cup and tube projecting downwards into the ink
contained. If the ball be slightly compressed the ink will be caused to
rise into the dipping cup in which is placed a small glass ball, to form a
valve to prevent the ink flowing back into the ball. By attaching a
bent nozzle or jet pipe to the flexible ball it may be made to serve as
a spray producer.
In applying my improvement to an ear brush for example, the handle
or stem is made hollow and has an clastic ball attached to one extremity
and a head formed of sponge at the other. By compressing the ball the
liquid with which it is charged is expelled through the tube to moisten
the head.