Improvements in Oil Lamps for Railway Carriage or other Uses.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Feb., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 5th Nov., 1889-Accepted, 7th Dec., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION,
Improvements in Oil Lamps for Railway Carriage or other Uses.
JOHN HOWARD Ross 48 Barker Street, Birmingham, Lighting Engineer, and
EDWARD ELIJAH ATKINS 9 The Grove, Villa Road Birmingham, “Chandelier
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This improvement consists in arranging and constructing the burner, chimney, and
reservoir of oil lamps in such a manner that the light will be drawn down below
the burner, thus obviating a dark shadow being thrown underneath the lamp.
To carry out our invention we use preferably a circular burner or burners the
wicks from which either ascend or project horizontally to, and having the ends
dipping into, or supplied by oil from a ring shaped, or other suitable reservoir,
which may surround, he at the side of, or above the burner or burners.
Below this circular burner, and at suitable distance therefrom is a ring or washer
of metal or other suitable material, the hole in centre of which is made sufficiently
large to admit of flame being drawn down through as hereinafter described, and
capable of having a glass bowl fitted up nearly air tight against its lower side.
Passing down into glass bowl through, and concentric with burner, and ring or
washer, is a chimney of metal or other suitable material. Supports or connections
from chimney hold, or secure the burner, and ring or washer, in such a position that
an air space is left between chimney and inner sido of burner, and between lower side
of burner and washer or ring.
Instead of one circular burner several may be used concentric with each other, &
having air spaces hetween.
When the burner is lighted the flame surrounds chimney and by heating it causes
an upward draft in chimney thus causing air to be drawn in at the air spaces between
chimney, burner, and washer or ring, carrying the flame with it down into glass
bowl, around lower end of chimney.
Signed this Fourth day of Febr. 1880.
JOHN HOWARD RUSS.
EDWARD ELIJAH ATKINS.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Oil Lamps for Railway Carriage or other Uses.
We, JOHN HOWARD Ross of 48 Barker Street Birmingham, Lighting Engineer
and EDWARD ELIJAH ATKINS, 9 The Grove Villa Road, Birmingham, Chandelier
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
This Invention relates to the construction of an oil lamp in such a manner that its
flame being directed downwards from the body of the lamp without any part of the
structure except glass below it, there is no shadow cast beneath. Such lamps are
therefore especially adapted for pendant lights or for lights for ceilings of apartments
or carriages.
We shall describe the construction of lamp according to our invention referring
to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a vertical section on the line X X of Fig. 2 which is a plan on Y Y of
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1 is a part section showing a modification of the wick. A is the annular oil
reservoir which is concealed within a ring A¹, that may be ornamented as desired,
and a reflector A³. There is free passage for air around the reservoir A so as to
Price Rd 1

page_text: keep its contents cool. To the top of the reservoir A are fixed three brackets B
which carry a ring B, and from this ring three bolts B extend upwards and carry
an upper ring B³. Cis the chimney which is a metal tube having fixed on it two
rings and a projecting bar (2. In use the ring of the chimney rests on 13,
but the chimney can be raised as far as is permitted by the ring meeting B
When it is so raised, the projecting har slides through a notch of the ring B¹
and when the chimney is raised so far that the lower end of the bar (♬ is just
above the ring B¹, on turning the chimney partly round the end e² resting on the
ring B' supports the chimney in its raised position until, on turning the chimney
backwards, so that enters the notch of B, the chimney can be lowered to the
position shewn in Fig. 1. Within the lower part of the chimney which is perforated
is fitted a cylinder D of ceramic or such like 'refractory material which may have at
its lower end a projecting lip or flunga D', and which Iris near its upper end three
projecting studs. In introducing the cylinder into the chimney the studs 1)²
pass through notches in a ring projecting inwardly from the chimney, and then on
turning partly round its stud 10 rest on the chimney ring and thus the cylinder D
is supported. In order to prevent D from turning accidentally back so as to bring
its studs into coincidence with the notches, and so allow D to drop, a small setting
serow is screwed through the wall of the chimney ('to provent movement of one of
the studs D. The brackets B carry n horizontal ring E to which at one side
are separately hinged a deflecting ring and a hezil E for carrying the glass glolm G.
At the side of the ring E opposite to the hinges there is pivotted on E a small
handle which in the position shown in Fig. I holds up the bozil E². On with-
drawing E the bezil EF and the glass G which it carries can be turned down, and
then a catch E' which holds up the deflector ring E' can be withdrawn allowing E'
also to be turned down. Instead of employing the handle E for holding or releasing
the bezil E², the hezil itself may be connected to a cord or chain which passes over a
pulley mounted on the bracket B and is atriehel to the use of the chimney. On
drawing down the bezil E by means of a pull attached to it the chimney (! is raised
and on releasing the pull, the chimney descends raising the hezil and globe. Thus
free access can be got to the wicks for trimming. Between the deflector ring E³ and
the wick holder there are fixed several concentric rings Eª of louvre form etween
which air can enter. The obliquity of these rings prevents the heat of the flame from
radiating directly on the wick holler. There are also through the upper part of the
deflector E' a number of small holes or slits for admission of air into the interior of
the glass G. From the reservoir A three curved tubes H of flat rectangular section
radiate towards the centre, each tube containing a wick and having at H' toothed
wheels on a spindle H which can be turned by mud for advancing or retracting the
wick. At the point H' the wick tube is united by soldering or otherwise to the
edges of two conoidal dises H³ and II which are stumped in dies to such shape that
parts of them forms continuations of the three wick tubes Il whilst in the inter-
mediate parts H between these continuations, the two thicknesses of metal are close
together. At the inner edge H° of the two dises they present a complete annular
opening occupied by the three wicks which at this place meet each other so that
together they constitute a completo circular wick presenting its end at H. The wicks
being adjusted and trimmed, the deflector E and globe G being fixed up, the
chimney is drawn up as far as permitted by the ring and thus free access from
abovo is given to the wicks, which can then be lighted. When they are lighted, the
chimney is lowered to its working position, and then air entering through the
perforations of E and through those at the lower part of the chimney C supply
the flamo, which is directed first downwards past the flange D³, then inwards and up
the cylinder D, presenting below the appearance of a rosetto of light. The cylinder D
soon becomes highly heated so that the air entoring by the perforations of the chimney
and impinging on D is heated before reaching the interior of the flame which is thus
made to burn with great brilliancy.
In order to avoid the necessity for frequent trimming of the wicks the modification
shown by Fig. 1 may be adopted. In this case a ring K of solid permeable material

page_text: made of asbestos fibre or it may be of porous mineral against which the ends of the
wicks abut, is attached to the wick holder. The oil supplied by the wicks soaks
through the ring K which thus forms the effective annular wick from which the
flame starts. When it is desired to extinguish the lamp, it is only necessary to
draw the wicks back from contact with K, so that this is no longer supplied
with oil.
Instead of employing three flat wicks as above described, having their ends meeting
together so as to form a complete annular wick, a number of separate round wicks
may be applied as shewn in part plan by Fig. 3 and section by Fig. 4. According to
this arrangement there are three groups H each of 10 round wicks, each wick in its
own tube, and all these wicks terminating in a circle at H. The 10 wicks of each
group as they rise from the reservoir A pass between fluted rollers M within a casing,
these rollers serving to advance or retract the wicks as they are turned in the one
direction or the other. The back N of the casing is made removable for the purpose
of introducing the wicks into their separate tubes, and the interior face of N is
curved so as to guide the wicks downwards when they are retracted. By the use
of separate round wicks instead of flat wicks the character of the lamp flame
is somewhat altered, but the action of the lamp is otherwise the same as above
described.
Although we have shown in the drawings three wicks or groups of wicks, obviously
the number may be varied as well as of the brackets B and bolts B². The lamp us
shewn in the drawings with its chimney exposed is adapted for being suspended from
a ceiling or bracket within an apartment where it is sheltered. When such a lamp
is employed in an exposed position, it has necessarily to be enclosed in a lantern or
other suitable casing to protect it from wind or wet. When the lamp is employed
for lighting a Railway or other carriage all the upper part of the lamp above the
reflector A has to be enclosed in a casing provided with suitably guarded inlets for
air and outlets for products of combustion, such as are used generally for railway
carriage lamps.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed wo declare that what we
claim is :-
1. An annular oil reservoir situated above a reflector and carrying an open
framing to support a central chimney and a ring to support a deflector and glass
globe.
2. From the oil reservoir three or more wick tubes or groups of wick tubes con-
verging towards the centre so as to present around the outside of the base of the
chimney a circular wick or a circular row of wicks having the ends directed
downwards.
3. Within the perforated lower part of the chimney a refractory cylinder within
the wick in combination with an air deflector outside the wick.
4. The chimney fitted to slide upwards and to be retained in its raised position so
as to give access for kindling the lamp.
5. The ring of asbestos or porous mineral supported in contact with the ends of the
wicks, so as to form an incombustible terminal to the wick.
Dated this 28th day of October 1889.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.