Improvements in or relating to Vehicle Tyres.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Dec., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 12th Sept., 1900-Accepted, 12th Dec., 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Vehicle Tyres.
I, CALVIN THAYER ADAMS, of 12, West 33rd Street, New York City, United
States of America, Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to provide simpler, more efficient and more
practical means than those heretofore devised for preventing the pneumatic and
cushioned tyres of bicycles, automobiles and other vehicles from being punctured.
from slipping on wet or icy pavements and for lessening the wear on the tyres.
The invention consists mainly in inserting in an outer component ply or plies
of a single tube pneumatic or cushioned tyre or in the outer tube of a double
tube tyre or in a separate fabric strip or ply cemented or secured as a tread to
the periphery of the tyre, a large number of flat-headed rivets or plates having
legs, skanks or prongs substantially straight next the head for a length about
equal to the thickness of the ply or plies and each having an elongated sharp
point extending therefrom, so that the tapering point entering the fabric ply
presses aside and compresses the threads which then engage the straight portion
of the shank with considerable force and retain the rivet or plate with its shank
securely in the ply.
The tapering point is then cut off leaving the blunt end of the straight portion
of the shank about flush with the outer surface of the ply. The heads or plates
thus practically armour the tyre and prevent the inner inflated portion from
being punctured, without, however, interfering with its resillency. The flush
blunt ends of the shanks when the fabric ply is the outside ply, engage, without
penetrating the pavement simultaneously with the surrounding elastic fabric
and thus prevent slipping on wet or icy as well as dry pavements. When the
rivets cover the sides as well as the tread of the tyre, they effectually prevent
wear, particularly that due to bearing against the rim on which the tyre is
scated.
The manner in which the invention is carried into practice will now be
described.
In making a preferred form of the invention comprising an inner air tube of a
pneumatic tyre, and an outer protecting cover, a strip of fabric, preferably of
ordinary vulcanized fabric, is taken of a length to encircle the tyre and a width
to cover the tread or bearing portion of the tyre and the shanks of a sufficient
number of flat-headed rivets is then driven through it from the inside, the shank
portions next the heads being substantially straight for a portion equal to the
combined thickness of the strip or ply, and the plates and ply hereafter described,
and having elongated sharp points extending therefrom. On the shank of each
rivet is placed a perforated plate or washer against the outer surface of the strip
so that the plates will substantially cover and armour the strip without over-
lapping. On the outside of the said strip is then laid another similar strip and

page_text: the pointed shanks of the rivets are forced through the outer strip and said strip
tightly against the plates. The tapering points entering the plies press aside
and compress the threads of the fabric, which then engage the straight portion
of the shanks with considerable force and securely bind and embed the rivets
therein as well as tightly bind and hold the plies together with the armouring
plates between, thus forming a single armoured rivet-studded composite strip.
The tapering points of the rivets are then cut off, leaving the blunt ends of
the straight portion of the shanks about flush with the outer surface of the
outer ply.
This composite strip is then vulcanized or cemented to or otherwise in-
corporated with the tread or bearing portion of the inner tube which is thus
effectually protected by the plates from punctures, while the outer ends of the
rivets will co-operate with the surrounding rubber or fabric to prevent slipping
on wet or icy as well as dry pavements, as before described.
In a modified construction the plate holding rivets may extend through an
inner ply only of the tyre and not through the outer ply, the latter being instead
cemented to the plates and the inner ply.
In another modification the plates may be omitted, the headed rivets being
inserted in a single ply only, which is cemented or vulcanized to or otherwise
incorporated with the inner tube of the tyre. In this case the heads of the rivets
act like the plates previously described to armour the tyre and save punctures.
Dated this 12th day of December 1899.
BOULT, WADE & KILBURN,
Agents for the Applicant.
I, CALVIN THAYER ADAMS, of 12, West 33rd Street, New York City, United
States of America, Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
The object of this invention is to provide simpler, more efficient and more
practical means than those heretofore devised for preventing the pneumatic and
cushioned tyres of bicycles, automobiles and other vehicles from being punctured,
from slipping on wet or icy pavements, and for lessening the wear on the tyres.
The invention consists mainly in inserting in an outer component ply or plies
of a single tube pneumatic or cushioned tyre, or in the outer tube of a double
tube tyre or in a separate fabric strip or ply cemented or secured as a tread to
the periphery of the tyre, a large number of flat-headed rivets or plates having
legs, shanks or prongs substantially straight next the head for a length about
equal to the thickness of the ply or plies and each having an elongated sharp
point extending therefrom, so that the tapering point entering the fabric ply
presses aside and compresses the threads which then engage the straight portion
of the shank with considerable force and retain the rivet or plate with its shank
securely in the ply.
The tapering point is then cut off leaving the blunt end of the straight portion
of the shank about flush with the outer surface of the ply. The heads or plates
thus practically armor the tyre and prevent the inner inflated portion from
being punctured, without, however, interfering with its resiliency. The flush
blunt ends of the shanks, when the fabric ply is the outside ply, engage, without

page_text: penetrating, the pavement simultaneously with the surrounding elastic fabric
and thus prevent slipping on wet or icy as well as dry pavements. When the
rivets cover the sides as well as the tread of the tyre, they effectually prevent
wear, particularly that due to bearing against the rim on which the tyre is
scated.
I shall first describe in detail the manner in which I carry my invention into
practice and then particularly claim the invention.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawing forming part of this
specification, in which the same parts are designated by like letters in all the
figures.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a part of a tire embodying my
invention.
Figure 2 is an outside view of the same, parts being removed.
Figure 3 is a detailed view of one of the rivets of the same.
Figures 4 and 5 similarly represent a slight modification of my invention.
Figures 6 and 7 similarly represent another form of my invention.
Figures 8, 9, 10 and 11 illustrate another form of my invention and the mode
of making it.
In making the form of my invention shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, in
which is the inner air tube of a pneumatic tyre, I take a strip of fabric b
preferably of ordinary vulcanized fabric of a length to encircle the tyre and a
width to cover the tread or bearing portion of the tyre and drive through it from
the inside the shanks of a sufficient number of flat-headed rivets d, the shanks
of which next their heads are substantially straight for a portion equal to the
combined thickness of the strip or ply b, and the plates e and ply f hereafter
described, and have elongated sharp points extending therefrom, as shown in
Figure 9, and on the shank of each rivet place a perforated plate or washer
against the outer surface of the strip 3, so that the plates e will substantially
cover and armor the strip b, without over-lapping. I then lay on the outside of
the said strap b another similar strip f and force the pointed shanks of the rivets
through the outer strip f and said strip tightly against the plates e.
The taper-
ing points entering the plies press aside and compress the threads of the fabric,
as shown in Figure 11, which then engage the straight portion of the shanks
with considerable force and securely bind and embed the rivets therein as well as
tightly bind and hold the plies together with the armoring plates between, thus
forming a single armored rivet-studded composite strip.
The tapering points of the rivets are then cut off, as shown, in another form
of my invention, in Figure 10, leaving the blunt ends of the straight portion of
the shanks about flush with the outer surface of the outer ply.
This composite strip is then vulcanized or cemented to or otherwise incorpo-
rated with the tread or bearing portion of the inner tube a, which is thus
effectually protected by the plates e from punctures, while the outer ends of the
rivets d will co-operate with the surrounding rubber or fabric to prevent slipping
on wet or icy as well as dry pavements, as before described.
In Figures 6 and 7 the plate holding rivets are shown extending through an
inner ply only of the tyre and not through the outer ply, the latter being instead
cemented to the plates e and the inner ply.
In Figure 8 the plates are omitted, the headed rivets d being inserted in a
single ply 9 only, which is cemented or vulcanized to or otherwise incorporated
with the inner tube a of the tyre. In this case the heads of the rivets act like.
the plates e previously described to armor the tyre and save punctures.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
A pneumatic or cushioned tyre having one or more of its component fabric
plies studded with rivets, whose heads bear against said ply and protect the

page_text: interior of the tire and whose shanks are bound laterally in said fabric ply by the
pressure of the fabric fibres displaced by the entering sharp points of the shanks
followed by a straight portion.
Dated this 12th day of September 1900.
BOULT, WADE & KILBURN,
Agents for the Applicant.