IMPROVEMENTS IN CHUCKS FOR TURNING LATHES AND OTHER
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHUCKS FOR TURNING LATHES AND OTHER
Sealed the 28th December 1866, and dated the 7th August 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th August 1866.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHUCKS FOR TURNING LATHES AND
OTHER TOOLS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to variable chucks in which griping jaws are so
adjustable as to enable them to gripe, and hold articles of different sizes, such
as the various sized shanks of drills, boring bits, or metal rods or wire of
different diameter, and its object is to provide for the adjustment and securing
of the griping jaws so that they may hold firmly any, articles placed within
them.
The first part of the Invention consists in the fitting the griping jaws to
slide longitudinally in grooves in a conical chuck body which is fitted to rotate

page_text: around a conical screw attached fixedly to the mandril of the lathe or other
tool, the threads of the conical screw being fitted to threads in the jaws, so
that by turning the chuck body and jaws upon the screw the jaws will be
caused to move longitudinally, and in such movement to approach or recede
from each other, according to the direction in which the body and jaws are
turned.
The second part of the Invention consists in pivoting the adjustable jaws
at about the middle of their length to levers, the fulcrums of which are secured
in the body of the chuck, and which are operated upon simultaneously by
means of wedges or inclined planes upon an external collar which is forced up
by means of a nut and screw so as to make the jaws approach each other to
gripe the drill bit or other article to be chucked. The pivoting of the jaws
in this way enables them to adapt themselves to drill or bit shanks or other
articles of parallel form, or various degrees of taper, or of irregular form.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 7th February 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Edward Newton, Her special licence that I, the said William
Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle, of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CHUCKS FOR TURNING LATHES AND OTHER TOOLS," being a
communication from abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said William Edward Newton, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in

page_text: what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
This Invention relates to variable chucks in which gripping jaws are so
adjustable as to enable them to grip and hold articles of different sizes, such
as the various sized shanks of drills, boring bits, or metal rods, or wire, of
different diameter, and its object is to provide for the adjustment and securing
of the gripping jaws so that they may hold firmly any articles placed within
them.
The first part of the Invention consists in the fitting of the gripping jaws to
slide longitudinally in grooves in a conical chuck body which is fitted to rotate
around a conical screw attached fixedly to the mandril of the lathe or other
tool, the threads of the conical screw being fitted to threads in the jaws, so.
that by turning the chuck body and jaws upon the screw the jaws will be
caused to move longitudinally, and in such movement to approach or recede
from each other, according to the direction in which the body and jaws are
turned.
In the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1 is a longitudinal view of a chuck;
Fig. 2 is a front end view of the same; Fig. 3 is a longitudinal view of the same,
partly in section; Fig. 4 is a side view of the conical body detached.
b is a spindle or shank which is fitted and is to be inserted tightly into the
mandril or main arbor of the lathe, drilling machine, or other tool; on the
front end of this spindle or shank is the conical screw A, round the rear of
which is a flange 6*; this spindle or shank may be made hollow throughout
in order that the chuck may hold pieces of wire or rods of any length. B is.
the hollow body of the chuck, which is placed over the conical screw A and
its flange a; its rearnost part, which surrounds the flange a, is made of a
form to correspond therewith, but the forward portion is of conical shape, as
shewn in Fig. 4, with its inner and outer surfaces corresponding to the conical
form of the screw A; this body has an opening in its forward end, as shewn
at d in Figures 2 and 3, and within it are formed three longitudinal slots e
which extend from the opening d back to that part which surrounds the
flange.a of the screw A; in each of these slots e is placed a sliding gripping
jaw D, the inner side of which forms a portion of a female screw thread which

page_text: matches into the conical screw A. C is a conical case which is fitted upon; the
exterior of the body A and has an opening 9, 9, in its forward end; a collar h
is fitted loosely to the part of the shank 6 immediately behind the flange a and
screwed into the rear part of the case C'in such manner as to hold the case,
collar, and body B firmly together, and retain the body B upon the screw A.
and at the same time keep the sliding gripping jaws D in proper contact with
the conical screw A, while the body B, case C, and collar h, are free to turn
upon the screw. By turning the body B with its attached case C and collar h
in one direction the conical screw A acts upon the threads formed upon the
inner sides of the sliding gripping jaws D, and moves these jaws forward so
that their forward ends project out through the openings d and 9, g, the
internal inclined sides of the conical case C causing their forward ends to
approach each other as they move forward, while by turning the case, body,
and collar in the opposite direction the gripping jaws D are caused to move
back into the case and to recede from each other; By thus turning the body
of the chuck in one direction or the other the jaws D may be brought to any
intermediate position to concentrically grasp and hold a wire, or drill, or bit,.
of any desired size; the case, body, and collar may be turned by grasping
the case in the hand or by a suitable handle or winch applied to the case.
The conical screw instead of being formed upon the exterior of the shank b
may be formed inside of the shell C, in which case the backs or exterior
surfaces of the dogs D, D, would be threaded, and the inner surfaces of these
dogs would be plain, and a plain cone substituted for the concave screw A.
What is claimed in this first part of the Invention is the conical screw and
sliding threaded gripping jaws D arranged with reference to each other and with
the conical body B and case C, as herein set forth, for the purpose specified.
The second part of the Invention consists in pivotting the adjustable jaws
at about the middle of their length to levers, the fulcrums of which are secured
in the body of the chuck, and which are operated upon simultaneously by
means of wedges or inclined planes upon an external collar which is forced up
by means of a nut and screw, so as to make the jaws approach each other to
grip the drill, bit, or other article to be chucked. The pivotting of the jaws
in this way enables them to adapt themselves to drill or bit shanks or other
articles of parallel form or various degrees of taper or of irregular form.
This part of the Invention is shewn at Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8. Fig. 5 is a
front view of a chuck, with the front plate removed to expose the jaws to
view; Fig. 6 is an axial section of the same; Figures 7 and 8 are transverse
sections in the plane, indicated by the line x, x, in Fig. 6, shewing opposite
sides of the plane of section.

page_text: "
A represents the tubular body of the chuck, upon the front or forward end
of which is formed a rim or flange a, and in the front surface of this flange a
are formed three recesses 6 which radiate from the centre or axis of the
body A and are covered by an annular plate c which is securely fastened by
screws or other suitable means to the front surface of the flange a, so that the
recesses just mentioned constitute radial slots which extend from the interior
surface of the flange a, and in which are placed the sliding gripping or holding
jaws or dogs B. Formed upon the flange c immediately in rear of each dog is
a suitable bearing d in which is pivotted by a pin d¹ a lever I, the foremost
end of which is rounded, as shewn at g, and is placed in a slot e formed trans-
versely in the outer end of the jaw B in such manner that when the rearmost
ends of the levers d are moved outward they will move the sliding jaws B
inward toward the centre or axis of the tubular body A, and vice versa, as will
be herein-after more fully set forth. The outer surface of the rearmost end.
of the body A is provided with a screw thread, as at H. C represents a nut
or collar the interior of which constitutes a female screw which is screwed
upon the threaded rearmost portion H of the body A, as shewn in Fig. 6.
The forward part of this nut or collar C is cylindrical and of less circum-
ference than the rear portion thereof, and has a groove n formed concentrically
upon and around its circumference. Placed upon the body A in front of this
nut or collar C is a sliding collar D, the rear portion of which is placed over
and upon the forward part of the nut or collar-C, and is attached thereto by
means of a short pin or screw r which passes through one side of the collar D
with its inner end situated in the groove n. The sliding collar D is prevented
from turning around upon the body A by means of a small longitudinal rib or
feather m, Fig. 7, which works in a longitudinal groove in the inner circum-
ference of the collar D. Formed upon the outer circumference of the collar D,
and in contact with the rearmost ends of the levers I, are three inclined planes.
or wedges E which slope forward and inward, as shewn in Fig. 6, so that
when they are moved forward they will force the rearmost ends of the levers
I outward to slide the jaws or dogs B toward the centre or axis of the
body A to grasp the drill or other article, and when moved backward. will
allow the dogs to recede from such axis to allow the drill or other article to be
removed from the chuck. F is a short cylindrical block which has a deep
conical cavity or recess u in its forward end; this block F is placed within the
body A to centre the rearmost end of the drill or other comparatively short
article held in the chuck, but may be taken out when it is desired to pass a
rod or other similar article entirely through the body A in holding it to be
turned. The drill, rod, or other article which it is desired to hold in the

page_text: chuck is inserted to the required distance into the forward end of the tubular
body A, and the collar C is then turned or rotated so as to move forward upon
the threaded rearmost portion H of the body, thus forcing the inclined planes
E forward underneath the rearmost or long arms of the lever I and forcing
them outward, so that the levers slide the dogs B inward to clasp the drill or
other article between them with a very powerful gripping or holding action,
while by turning the collar C in the opposite direction it is caused to move
backward toward the rearmost end of the body A, and by drawing back the
sliding collar D with it moves the inclined planes E back under the rearnost
arms of the levers I, thus allowing the arms to move inward and bring the
sliding dogs B outwards and release the drill or other article from their grasp.
By making the sliding collar D sufficiently conical in form the same result
will be accomplished as when the inclined planes E are made to project
beyond the circumference of the collar. To provide for the easy turning of
the nut or collar C it is represented as furnished with a band wheel. C².
What is claimed as new in this second part of the Invention is,-
First, the combination of the screw nut or collar C, sliding collar D,
inclined planes E, and levers I, as herein set forth for the purpose specified.
Second, the arrangement of the rotating collar C, sliding collar D, and
levers I, with reference to each other and to the sliding gripping dogs B and
body A, as herein set forth for the purpose specified.
Third, the internally conical centering device F applied within the body A
of the chuck, as herein specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Sixth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.B.)