matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-GRATES AND STOVES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Francis Cook Matthews, the younger, of Great
Driffield, in the County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FIRE-GRATES AND STOVES."
Sealed the 29th May 1874, and dated the 7th April 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Cook Matthews at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th April 1874.
.
I, FRANCIS COOK MATTHEWS, the younger, of Great Driffield, in the
County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-GRATES AND STOVES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in fire-grates and
stoves. In burning fuel in open fire-places it is well known that by far
the larger part of the heat is lost, and passes away by the chimney with-
out any useful effect. To obviate this I arrange tubes to pass through

page_text: the fire in the grate or it may be to serve as fire-bars, so that the tubes
their
may become heated by the fire. The tubes are open at both ends;
upper ends are at or above the top of the grate, and their lower ends
just in front of the fire at or about the level of the fire-bars. As soon as
the tubes become hot a rapid current of air through them will be f
established, and the air thus heated enters the room.
A similar arrangement is applicable to close stoves, tubes being
arranged so as to pass up amongst the fire in the stove, and air being
allowed to enter at the lower ends of the tubes and escape at their upper
ends. The air entering the tubes may be drawn from the room or
chamber in which the stove is situate, or air may be led to the tubes
from the outside.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LOCKING AND UNLOCKING RAILWAY CARRIAGE DOORS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hartmann and Georg
Heinrich Johannes Hartmann at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 17th January 1874.
We, WILLIAM HARTMANN and GEORG HEINRICH JOHANNES HART-
MANN, both of Basinghall Street, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
LOCKING AND UNLOCKING RAILWAY CARRIAGE DOORS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improved apparatus for preventing the
opening of railway carriage doors whilst the train is in motion, and
consists in the employment of spring bolts or latches for locking the
doors controlled by apparatus operated directly from one of the wheel
axles of the carriage so that the doors will be automatically locked
whilst the train is in motion, but unlocked immediately it stops.
This apparatus consists of a governor somewhat similar to an ordinary
steam engine governor placed in any convenient position near one of the
wheel axles and driven, therefrom by means of suitable gearing so
proportioned as to set the governor balls rapidly in motion almost
immediately after the train starts, the gearing being so constructed as to

page_text: prevent the too rapid rotation of the balls when the train is at full
speed. Connected with the sliding collar of the governor which is
operated by the governor balls as they rise and fall is a forked lever
connected by rods, levers, or other connections with the spring bolts or
latches on the several doors of the carriages.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-When the train is in
motion the governor balls are raised and have no effect on the latches
which are shot by their springs and securely fasten the doors. Imme-
diately the governor balls fall on the stopping of the train their weight
forces back all the latches and unlocks the doors.
The connections with the latches and the form of the latter are such
as to admit of any doors being shut which may have been left open
when the train started, which doors become immediately locked by the
spring shooting the latch.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FOUR-WHEELED CARRIAGES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Reilly at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd July
1874.
I, JAMES REILLY, of the Pomona Palace, Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FOUR-WHEELED CARRIAGES," to be as follows:
-
This Invention relates to broughams and other four-wheeled carriages
of a similar nature, and its object is to insure greater convenience,
comfort, and security, than can be obtained in any of the vehicles at
present in use.
At the front and at each side of the body of the carriage I place a
door, and have the seat for the driver at the back or top, and between
the front of the body and the splashboard I have a strong floor or
platform surrounded by rails or other suitable fittings, and provided with
stationary or flap seats as required. The floor may be used for many
purposes, such as carrying young people, luggage, or other objects,
enabling the occupier to enjoy the change from sitting in the inside to

page_text: sitting or standing on the outside; and by having a hinged padded
board, a couch or bed can be made for the use of invalids or others.
When desired I have cords or pulls in cach side of the carriago
connected to or communicating with the reins, so as to give a signal
to the driver; as for instance, if it is required to stop at the right hand
side of the road the cord on the right would be pulled; if on the left
hand the left cord; and if to stop suddenly, both cords; and in the interior
of the vehicle I place a break, so that in case of accident, or when desired,
the occupants shall have a control over the horse and vehicle.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WASHING LINEN AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th December 1874.-A communication from abroad by Jules
Decoudun, of Paris, France.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WASHING LINEN AND OTHER
TEXTILE FABRICS," to be as follows:-
°
This Invention which is illustrated in the accompanying Drawing
relates to an improved washing apparatus having a continuous action,
and a graduated temperature.
'
In establishments where a steam boiler is available, this improved
washer requires no adjuncts, being wholly contained within a tub or
vessel a; b is a steam pipe terminating in a nozzle located in a well at
the bottom of the vessel, and surmounted by a pipe d at the base of
which the jet of steam is introduced. The steam serves both to heat the
water to dissolve the alkaline matters, and to impart the ascensive
motion to the water, which has hitherto been obtained by heating it to a

page_text: high temperature over a furnace direct. The pipe d is enclosed and
protected by a larger tube c, and is surmounted by two or more reaction
jet pipes e.
On the introduction of the steam jet as above mentioned the water
contained in the well at bottom of the vessel is caused to ascend through
tube d, and discharge itself through the perforations of the reaction jet
pipes or Barkers' mill é, whereby the latter is caused to revolve and
distribute the liquid equally upon the linen which is closely packed in
the vessel. The liquid,condenses the steam and becomes gradually
heated, dissolves the alkaline or saponaceous matters, and percolates
downwards through the linen, and returns through perforations in the
falso bottom of the vessel to the well at bottom to be again forced
upwards and so on.
The reaction jet pipes e may be replaced by a deflecting cap or other
equivalent for spreading the ascending column of liquid uniformly over
the area of the vessel
A NEW OR IMPROVED COM- BINATION OF HELICAL SPRINGS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Holland and George
Phillips at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 31st December 1874.
We, HENRY HOLLAND, Tool Maker, and GEORGE PHILLIPS, Clock
Maker, both of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED COM-
BINATION OF HELICAL SPRINGS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to a new or improved combination of helical
springs by which a continuous or prolonged action of the springs is
obtained at one winding up.
According to our Invention the springs to be combined are each
confined in a box resembling the ordinary spring box, but having
extending from its back a hollow spindle about equal in length to the
width of the springs or boxes. These boxes containing the springs are
arranged successively one before the other, so that the said hollow
spindle at the back of the second box enters the interior of the first box,
and the hollow spindle at the back of the third box enters the interior of
the second box, and so on for the whole number of springs to be com-

page_text: bined, and they are thus arranged on a fixed spindle passing through the
hollow spindle attached to each spring box. The spring contained in
the first box is attached at its outer cnd to the box containing it, and its
inner end to the hollow spindle attached to the second spring box, whilst
the spring contained in the second box is in like manner attached at its
outer end to the box containing it, and at its inner end to the hollow
spindle attached to the box of the spring next in succession until the
last spring is reached, which is attached at its inner end to the wheel
gearing into the mechanism or apparatus the springs are intended to
drive. The box of the first spring is provided with ordinary ratchet 1
wheel and pawl to maintain the springs wound up.
If so many springs are required in combination that the row of them
would become of inconvenient length, they may be divided into and
combined in two or more rows placed side by side. This may be done
by gearing the end spring of one row into the end spring or box theroof
of the next row in succession until the last row bo reached, when the last
spring of that row is geared into the machinery or mechanism to bo
worked by springs.
It is obvious that, as a modification of the above Invention, each spring
might be attached at its inner end to the box containing it, and its outer
end to the box of the next spring in succession.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EXPANSION GEAR FOR STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hamilton Woods at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
December 1874.
I, HAMILTON WOODS, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,.
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
EXPANSION GEAR FOR STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows :—
"
My Invention relates to the gear or arrangements for effecting the
cutting off of the steam, that is to say, for stopping the supply of steam
to the cylinders of steam engines, and for controlling and for regulating
such cutting off by the aid of the governor, in order that the said
cutting off may take place at an earlier or later period in the stroke,
according to the duty being performed by the engine.
I employ sliding piston valves, which cross and cover ports in the
slide valve when the steam is to be cut off, and I employ a vibrating
slotted lever acting upon a sliding block, which is connected by means
of a rod with the cut-off piston valve spindle to give motion to the said
piston valves, the said sliding block being moved to and fro in the slot in
the said lever by the agency of the governor as the load upon the engine

page_text: varies. The said ports in the slido valvo are so arranged as that caclı
piston valve when cutting off moves in a direction towards the centre of
the length of the slide valvo, the steam being admitted through a central
port or opening instead of through passages formed at each end of the
slide valve.
The aforesaid sliding block is connected by means of a connecting rod
or of links with a lever fixed on a rocking shaft, which is connected by
means of levers and a connecting rod or of other suitable arrangement of
parts with the sleeve of the governor; or the said block may be directly
connected by means of a connecting rod or of links with a lover which
receives motion directly from the said sleeve.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Ronald Stevenson and
George William Hart at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 31st December 1874.
We, HENRY RONALD STEVENSON, of the City of London, Gentleman, and
GEORGE WILLIAM HART, of Upper Norwood, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL," to be as follows (that is to
say) :-
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of fuel.
In manufacturing fuel according to our Invention we combine peat
and chalk or other suitable carbonate of lime. The peat we prefer to
have first ground or otherwise reduced to a comminuted state. It is
then mixed with the chalk or other suitable carbonate of lime after the
same has been well pulverised, the proportions of the ingredients varying
according to the purpose for which the fuel is to be used. For example,

page_text: if it be required for smelting iron ore the proportion of chalk should bo
such that the lime resulting from the calcining thereof will suffice for
the smelting of the oro.
This fuel is applicable for general purposes, but more especially for
metallurgical onorations
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING BOXES FOR HOLDING SARDINES AND OTHER MATTERS, AND APPARATUS IN CONNECTION THEREWITH
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Lebacq at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th March
1874.
I, FRANÇOIS LEBACQ, of 60, Poland Street, Oxford St., W., in London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF MANUFACTURING BOXES FOR HOLDING SARDINES AND OTHER MATTERS,
AND APPARATUS IN CONNECTION THEREWITH," to be as follows:—
The body of the box is composed of one piece instead of two, the
whole box including the cover is therefore composed with two pieces in
the new system instead of three as now, the consequence thereof is an
economy in the work as well as in the solder. The size & form of the
new box are not limited. The principal object is to fabricate every kind
of boxes for sardines and also similar purposes as described.
Iron or steel matrices are used to compel the corners of the tin to fold,
the folds being either outside or inside, according to the structure of the
matrices. Two matrices are used to form the box from the tin, the
metal being put upon the top of the matrice is worked in by an inside
form of steel or iron, the metal being compressed between this mass &

page_text: the matrice is obliged to take the forms of the two bodies between
which it is standing. By this first operation the exuding matter at
each corner of the box is folded outside & the corners begin to be
framed.
The second operation consists in transferring the box so begun upon
a 2 matrice which will perfect (through a 2ª inside form) the folds
composing the corners. All these operations may be conducted in a
contrary way & the folds be formed inside de box instead of outside.

page_text: LONDON Printed by GEORGE EDWARD EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE:
Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty 1874
IMPROVED METHODS OF CONSTRUCTING BUILDINGS, WAREHOUSES, AND DWELLING HOUSES TO RENDER THEM FIREPROOF
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Edward Collcutt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd May 1874.
I, THOMAS EDWARD COLLCUTT, of No. 17, Essex Street, Strand, in
the County of Middlesex, Architect, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED METHODS OF CONSTRUCTING BUILDINGS,
WAREHOUSES, AND DWELLING HOUSES TO RENDER THEM FIREPROOF," to be as
follows:-
-
This Invention relates to the construction of fireproof buildings, the
improvements being applicable to buildings while in progress of erection
or after they are built, as will be understood by the following details :-
Joists sawn to a wedge-shaped section are built in in the various floors
in the ordinary manner. A skeleton centering is erected on which
fire-clay tiling is laid with upright hangers having splayed out ends and
put in position; the whole of the joints are made in plaster of Paris and
lime, and a coating of the same laid over the whole surface. A bed of
fine washed sand is then laid to the under side of the joists upon which
is put a filling of concrete, the concrete being composed of burnt ballast
or broken bricks and grey lime mixed in the ordinary manner. The

page_text: concrete is brought up level with the top of the joists and a bed is
then formed for the laying of tiles or stone pavings, but wood boarding
may be substituted if desired. The concrete becoming set into a
homogeneous mass is held in position by the wedge-shape of the joists
and also firmly secures the fire-clay hangers; these from their position
carry the weight of the bed of sand and of the firc-clay tiles; the tiles
are made with bevilled edges. When wood girders occur the principle
of construction would be similar.
Columns may be formed of terra cotta or fire-clay in thicknesses with
dowels to each joint. .
When iron columns are necessary in the construction of a building
they may be cased round with fire-clay blocks, the space between fire-
clay and the column being filled up with sand.
Where iron girders are necessary in the construction of a building
they may be cased round with fire-clay tiles and sand and concrete.
In the case of applying my Invention to ordinary dwelling houses I
fit in wedge-shaped joists and construct a rough centering under the
same, using the filling in with concrete as before; and when the concrete
is set the centering and plastering is struck to the under side of the
concrete and to the joists, thus forming to all appearances an ordinary
ceiling.
The fire-clay tiles may be made with rough sides to form keys for
plastering and a setting coat of plaster can be applied to form an
ordinary ceiling, or they may have patterns stamped on before burning
to any design.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHIRT COLLARS, CUFFS, SHIRT FRONTS, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Hirschhorn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th November 1874.-A communication from abroad by Anton
Aub, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
I, CHARLES HIRSCHHORN, of No. 200, Saint Paul's Road, Canonbury,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHIRT COLLARS, CUFFS,
SHIRT FRONTS, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL," to be
as follows:
-
The object of the Invention is to furnish for general use collars, cuffs,
shirt fronts, and other such like articles, not only at the same or even
less price than the paper goods now in use, but which are also, on
account of the material used, neater and stronger and last a greater
length of time, especially in the summer season.
The Invention consists in manufacturing collars, cuffs, shirt fronts,
and other such like articles of two or more layers of muslin of equal or
various degrees of fineness, the inner surface permitting of the use of
coarser muslin, while the outer surface requires a finer quality. The

page_text: layers are smoothly and evenly affixed to each other by means of starch
mixed with spermaceti and bluing, and passed through rollers under
suitable pressure to secure the intimate connection of the layers. The
outer layer is then prepared with starch and a suitable amount of
bluing, which is pressed into the muslin in such manner that the
appearance of linen is obtained. The various articles are then cut out
to the required shape, and by preference provided with laps of suitable
width at the exposed and wearing edges in such manner that they
may be folded over and thereby produce the same effect as linen
articles.
The greater strength and consistency of such collars, cuffs, or other
articles enable them to withstand to a greater degree the strain to
which they are exposed, and they thereby retain their shape in the same
manner as linen goods, whilst the inconvenience and annoyance
occasioned by the wearing out and roughening of the edges of paper
collars are fully avoided.
PREPARING PEAT FOR VARIOUS USES BY WASHING, STRAINING, AND PRECIPITATION
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Smith and George
William Hannam at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 14th February 1874.
We, ALFRED SMITH, of No. 178, Stockport Road, in the City of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist, and
GEORGE WILLIAM HANNAM, of Hornby Lodge, Prestwich, in the said
County of Lancaster, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "PREPARING PEAT FOR VARIOUS USES BY WASHING,
STRAINING, AND PRECIPITATION," to be as follows:-
We claim to make a preparation of peat for various uses and purposes
by washing, straining, and precipitation. By washing peat in a sieve or
other suitable perforated vessel the soluble matters are taken up and
dissolved by the water, the fibrous matter is retained and the finer part
passes through and becomes mixed with the water and then slowly pre-
cipitates and constitutes a fine smooth even paste or magma, quite free
from course insoluble earthy matter, such as sand, &c., and from any
soluble salts that may have been held in the peat previous to washing
This paste consists principally of the decomposed vegitable matter or

page_text: lignine of peat, together with various other constituents, such as paraffin
oil, &c. When of the proper consistence this paste can be moulded into
any desirable form, or modelled in the same way as the clay used by
potters, sculptors, &c., and may be mixed with any other substances to
produce a change of appearance in colour or of density.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PILLS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Goodhall Cox at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th February 1874.
I, SAMUEL GOODHALL Cox, of Leicester, in the County of Leicester,
Pharmaceutical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PILLS," to be as
follows, that is to say :—
Until now the different varieties of opaque coated pills have only been
distinguishable by their size or the color of the coating, for as the
coating entirely encloses the odours of the drug or drugs composing the
pills they could not be distinguished from one another by smell. There
is thus great risk of pills of one kind of drug being given or taken in.
mistake for another kind. Now the object of my Invention is to obviate
this risk by making opaque coated pills of different varieties casily dis-
tinguishable.

page_text: To carry out my Invention I coat the pills preferably with a compound
of French chalk, and any suitable adhesive substance, or of sugar, and
on this coating I stamp, fix, print, or otherwise form letters, figures, or
symbols, such letters, figures, or symbols denoting the kind or quality of
the pill.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF THE WHITES AND YOLKS OF EGGS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th February 1874.-A communication from abroad by Henri
Antoine Prosper Lissagaray, of Pantin, in the Republic of France,
Chemist.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF THE WHITES AND YOLKS
OF EGGS," a communication to me from abroad by Henri Antoine Prosper
Lissagaray, of Pantin, in the Republic of France, Chemist, to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improved processes for preserving
the whites and yolks of eggs for use in the dressing of leather, the
printing of fabrics, for food and other purposes, and consists essentially
in introducing into the liquid yolk or white a soluble chemical product,
such a bi-sulphide of soda or other alkaline bi-sulphide, together with
the employment of an acid subsequently introduced, whereby the white
and yolk so treated are rendered unputrescible without producing the
coagulation of the albumen or destroying or deteriorating the peculiar

page_text: principles contained therein. This process may be also applied to the
white, either simultaneously or separately, but I prefer to treat the white
with the bi-sulphite alone, without the addition of an acid, by which a
decolorizing action is also obtained, after which the bi-sulphite in excess
may be eliminated by dialysis.
In lieu of employing the bi-sulphite, the white may be treated with
phenic acid, and the coagulum produced in the albumen rendered soluble
by well beating up the mass. The yolk may also be treated by this
process if desired.
When the prepared yolk and white is intended to be used for food the
proportion of bi-sulphide and acid employed is diminished, but the pro-
cesses are substantially the same.
When the yolk or white of eggs treated as before mentioned are
required for use the mixture is to be carefully saturated with a solution
of carbonate of soda or other alkaline carbonate.
IMPROVED BEARINGS FOR AXLES AND SHAFTS OF GUN CARRIAGES, WAGONS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of
.
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th June
1874. A communication from Karl Kleinpell, residing at Rothhaus.
(Germany), and Leopold Dramburg, residing at Raincy, near Paris
(France)..
.
I, FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Agency);
of Frankfort-on-the-Main, in the Empire of Germany, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED BEARINGS FOR AXLES AND
SHAFTS OF GUN CARRIAGES, WAGONS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."-A
communication; from Karl Kleinpell, a person resident, at Rothhaus
(Germany), and Leopold Dramburg, a person resident at Raincy, near
Paris (France), to be as follows :-
".
This Invention has for its object the reduction or neutralization of
friction and concussion, and is applicable to all kinds of axles and
shafts. It consists in the employment of two circular discs, centrally
through which is passed a pin or pivot; the adjacent surfaces of the said
discs having concentric channels or grooves therein, in which balls are

page_text: placed free to run in said grooves, and one of the discs is fixed to the
central pivot, and the other is movable; or they may both be movable.
In connection with the wheel running on a shaft, or with a shaft free
to move in its bearings, a bevil wheel is employed, gearing with a bevil
on the movable disc..
•
This system is of particular advantage for cannons, as thereby the
effect of the recoil is greatly diminished. It is well known that the
recoil is wholly communicated to the gun carriage to which the gun is
secured; the ball bearing coming between these two diminishes the
effect of the recoil.
In carriages it is an advantage if the axles are not fixed, but can turn;
and for this purpose a bevil wheel or cone is fixed to the axle, said bevil
wheel gearing with a bevil on the moveable disc to turn same.
The number of the channels and of the balls vary with the diameter
of the discs, and the balls are of different sizes according to the weight
to be bourne. As it is very difficult to make the balls exactly of the
same diameter a levelling device is employed before the balls are finally
adjusted in the bearings. This device consists of a plate corresponding
to the size of the channelled discs on which the balls lie, and said plate
is provided with a circular opening for each ball; the plate is then :
brought into rotation concentrically with the disc, and thus levels the
balls equally, the pressure of the plate on the balls being an equal one,
and the holes in the plate all of the same size.
If the carriage rests on springs the axle works througli blocks
carrying a clip or plate provided with two cheeks, and between these
the springs are placed and held.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBES FOR BOILERS AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Sumner and David
Watson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 31st March 1874.
We, WILLIAM SUMNER, of the Broughton Copper Works, Salford, in
the County of Lancaster, and DAVID WATSON, of the same Place,
Metallurgist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
** IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBES FOR BOILERS AND OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention which is particularly applicable to the
manufacture of boiler tubes is to produce tubes that will be less costly
and more durable than scamless copper tubes made in the ordinary
manner, and superior to brazed copper tubes or brass tubes.
In performing our Invention we employ an alloy consisting of about
06 per cent. of copper, 2 per cent. of tin, and 2 per cent. of spelter; this
alloy is cast into a cylinder and then drawn into a tube by the ordinary
machinery now employed in drawing copper and brass tubes.

page_text: We do not intend to limit ourselves to the exact proportions of the
metals given, as they may be varied according to the purpose for which
the tubes are required.
The object of the tin is to render the alloy tough and strong, and the
spelter is chiefly to render the alloy homogenous.
Tubes manufactured in the manner above described, and which we
call “bronze tubes," possess the advantages of the best seamless copper
tubes and are much more durable; the admixture of tin makes the
alloy tough and hard and capable of resisting the action of the cinders
that are drawn through the tubes of locomotive and other multitubular
boilers.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS POR REMOVING THE PEEL OR SKIN FROM POTATOES AND OTHER LIKE VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Mortlock at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th June
1874.
I, THOMAS MORTLOCK, of Shafton Road, South Hackney, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS POR REMOVING THE PEEL OR SKIN
FROM POTATOES AND OTHER LIKE VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an improved machine or apparatus of the
following construction, by which the peel or skin of potatoes and other
like vegetable substances is easily and speedily removed :-
.
The improved machine or apparatus above referred to is composed of a
tub or cylinder, resting horizontally by trunions on suitable standards,
the said tub or cylinder being fixed by a pin or cotter to prevent its
turning round when the apparatus is in operation. Through the said
trunions and centre of the tub or cylinder is inserted a shaft, to which
rotatory motion may be imparted by a winch handle or otherwise.
Around the interior of the said tub or cylinder I fix segmental brushes
composed of bass, whalebone, or other suitable substance, and opposite

page_text: to which I fix other brushes on the aforesaid shaft, the bristles of the
said brushes to be of such length as to allow a certain space between
them.
In order to peel potatoes, for example, by the above described
apparatus, the tub or cylinder must first be fixed by means of the pin or
cotter aforesaid, and after having charged the same with potatoes and
water and closed the aperture it is simply necessary to impart rotatory
motion to the shaft for a short time, after which the pin or cotter is
taken out and the tub or cylinder turned round half a revolution for the
potatoes to fall out peeled when the aperture is opened.
I would here remark that instead of having segmental brushes, the
interior of the tub or cylinder may be lined entirely with brushes, and
the shaft covered with a brush or brushes.
IM- PROVED MONEY RECEIVING AND CHECKING APPARATUS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th October
1874.
.I, THOMAS HALL, of Haverstock Hill, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVED MONEY RECEIVING AND CHECKING APPARATUS," to be as follows :—
The object of this Invention is to provide efficient apparatus whereby
the collection of fares in tramway cars, omnibuses, and such like vehicles,
and payments made for admission to theatres and other places may take
place and be at once deposited in the apparatus, and to ensure correct-
ness such apparatus has provision for exhibiting each fare or payment as
collected.
My said Invention can be carried into effect substantially as
follows: I provide a box made of metal or suitable material with the
front and back partly let in with glass. To the top of the box openings
for the admission of money are made... At the lower part of the box are
spring flaps which are worked from the outside of the box by spindle or
handle connected with said flaps. The bottom of the box, as I prefer to

page_text: construct same, is open, and from it and enclosed or secured round the
outside of the bottom of box is a bag or other suitable receptacle.
In the case of omnibus and tram cars the passenger in paying the fare,
instead of as is now the case paying same to the conductor, drops the
fare through the openings at the top and the money falls on to the flaps
before described, and the conductor by means of the glass fronts can see
whether the correct fare has been put into the box. He then actuates
the spindle connected with the spring flaps, and the money falls through
into the bag or receptacle attached to the box, such bag or receptacle
having been secured or sealed by the proper official before issuing the
same to the conductor. It will thus be seen that the money is put into
the box by the passenger, and therefore when the bag or receptacle is
opened the amount in same should tally with the amount returned by
the conductor on his way bill, and by this means prevention of mistakes
will be obviated.
The box may if desired be supplied with any number of openings, one
each for silver and coppers, and so forth, and such box I prefer to form
with the front and back which is generally made of glass at an angle
with the upper and lower parts, so that on the money being dropped in it
strikes against the back and slides down on to the flaps, and by making
the box in this manner the amount is brought prominently into view,
and the money cannot be withdrawn from the top.
In some cases instead of the bag or receptacle the box may be made
longer so as to receive the money, and formed with a bottom which is
made to open to take out the fares.
In carrying out this Invention when the passenger requires change
the full change must be first given to him absolutely, and the proper
fare then dropped into the apparatus as before described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM HAMMERS, MINERAL STAMPS, ROCK DRILLS, AND OTHER ENGINES FOR- OBTAINING RAPIDLY REPEATED BLOWS BY THE AGENCY OF STEAM OR OTHER ELASTIC FLUIDS
Year: 1874

page_text: ..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by. Thomas Brown Jordan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the.
19th May 1874.
I, THOMAS BROWN JORDAN, Mechanical Engineer and Contractor.for:
Mining Machinery, of 86, London Wall, in the City of London, do,
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM HAMMERS, MINERAL STAMPS, ROCK DRILLS, AND OTHER ENGINES FOR-
OBTAINING RAPIDLY REPEATED BLOWS BY THE AGENCY OF STEAM OR OTHER ELASTIC
FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in percussive engines applicable.
to forging iron and other metals, stamping and crushing minerals,.
drilling and boring rocks, and similar operations in which the object is.
to strike rapidly repeated blows with or without rotary motion of the.
hammer head or other tool used.
According to my improvements a reciprocating engine is composed of
a cylinder and gland and a piston with a large rod working through the-
gland and having the hammer head or other tool fixed in or on the
Lend of it,
+

page_text: First. By forming curved passages through the piston for the
introduction of the steam into the cylinder, so that the reaction of its
issue into the cylinder tends to turn the piston about its axis.
Second. By allowing the steam or other fluid issuing from the cylinder
to blow through a turbine or reaction wheel fixed on the piston rod or.
itself revolving about a centre from which rotary motion may be
communicated to the rod.
Third. By causing the exhaust steam in its passage out of the
cylinder to act on a small piston which actuates a pawl and drives a
ratchet wheel coupled with the piston rod and thus give it a slight
angular motion.
The novelty of this part of my Invention consists in the application
of the remaining power in the acting fluid to the production of the
requisite rotative action of the tool.
AN IMPROVED WADDING FOR CLOTHING
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lambert Mortimer and Rawdon
Sykes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 11th March 1874.
We, LAMBERT MORTIMER and RAWDON SYKES, both of Cleckheaton,
in the County of York, Flock Manufacturers and Down Merchants, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
WADDING FOR CLOTHING," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application and use of rabbits' down and
hares' down as wadding for bed quilts, travelling rugs, or other articles of
clothing. The down is first prepared by washing, and when dryed is
passed through down blowing machinery; it is to be laid in an even layer
between two fabrics, of which cotton is most suitable, and the whole
secured together by stitching. Quilts, travelling rugs, or other articles of
clothing so made are light and warm, and are produced at a greatly
reduced cost to such articles when wadded as heretofore with swans'
down or silk.
AN IMPROVED DOUBLE ACTING AND CON- TINUOUS BRAKE FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND WAGONS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sidney Bramall and Frederick
Groves at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 7th January 1874.
We, SIDNEY BRAMALL, of Fallowfield, and FREDERICK GROVES, of
Manchester, both in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED DOUBLE ACTING AND CON-
TINUOUS BRAKE FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND WAGONS, " to be as follows:-
This Invention consists,―
-
First. In an improved mode of connecting the brakes of the carriages
or wagons so that when the carriages or wagons are turned from end to
end there shall be no difficulty in connecting them.
Instead of having a square rod at one end and a socket at the other
end of the shaft under the carriage or wagon, we employ at each end of
the shaft a socket of sufficient depth to allow for the expansion and
contraction of the buffers of the train, and place in each socket a square
rod having at its outer end a disc, so that when the carriages have to be
connected the two discs have simply to be held together by pins or bolts
having knuckle joints or flaps capable of falling downwards, and the
square rods are of such length as to have sufficient play in the sockets

page_text: to allow of the expansion and contraction of the buffers, and in each disc
there is a number of slots for the pins or bolts, so if the carriages come
together transversely or vertically out of line, and the brake is put in its
normal position the discs are always applicable.
Secondly. Our Invention consists in improved modes of working the
brake levers and brake blocks, so that the levers and blocks can be
worked without inconvenience when the carriages or wagons are
reversed.
In one mode we fix on the shaft under each carriage an eccentric
having an internal groove extending for some distance at both sides, and
place in this groove a pin or bowl at the end of a lever fixed to the cross
shaft carrying the levers for working the brake blocks, and as the slot
extends on both sides it works the lever on the cross shaft if the con-
tinuous shaft should be turned in reverse directions, and as modifications
of this arrangement we use instead of the slotted eccentric either a
simple lever or a link having a slot extending to any required distance
on both sides of the centre, or a chain pulley encircled by chains in
opposite directions.
And, thirdly. We employ on each cross or brake shaft a steel lever
strong enough to block the wheels, and yet have elasticity sufficient to
allow the continuous shaft to have control over those carriages whose
brake blocks may be worn more than others.
We prefer the braking power of the train to be divided into two
portions, of which the guard shall have one and the driver the other,
the advantage of which is not only that the guard and driver have each
control of their respective portions, but the amount of torsion which
takes place in the continuous shaft is greatly diminished by so dividing
the train.
AN IMPROVED RIDDLE FOR SEPARATING RICE
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Marsh at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th November 1874.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT MARSH, of Bromley Hall, Bromley, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED RIDDLE FOR SEPARATING RICE," to be as follows (that is
to say) :—
My Invention has reference to a more complete method of sifting rice
or separating it whilst being dressed and prepared for use into different
sizes by passing the rice through series of various gauges horizontally
fitted within inclined trays suitably arranged upon a wooden frame
suspended from four chains so as to be made to oscillate to and fro
from fixed eccentrics and connecting arms direct from a driving or
intermediate shaft of a steam engine, by the disposition and arrangement
of which a jerking action is given to the sieves within the trays in
addition to the traversing motion of the frame actuated as aforesaid,
whereby a complete separation of the rice is effected and sorted as
required without the liability of the sieves to blind or clog as hitherto,

page_text: and consists in fixing the inclined trays as aforesaid within the traversing
frame or box, so that they shall all slant towards each other in opposite
directions one under the other, down which the rice passes during the
oscillating movement of the frame and is finally discharged into hoppers
for bagging off.
AN IMPROVED PACKING FOR FRAGILE ARTICLES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ivimy at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th May
1874. A communication from abroad by Oliver Long, of Brooklyn,
New York, United States of America.
I, JOHN IVIMY, of Patcham, in the County of Sussex, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
PACKING FOR FRAGILE ARTICLES," a communication, to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object to provide an improved packing for
glassware, crockery, and other fragile articles, and is designed to prevent
their fracture or breakage in transportation.
The said Invention consists in a packing formed of a sheet or sheets
of paper, to which are attached by adhesion strips or shavings of paper
or other soft and elastic substance.
In carrying my Invention into effect I take two sheets of strong
paper, between which I place shavings or finely cut strips of the same,

page_text: or any equivalent material, said sheets and strips being held together by
the application of any suitable adhesive substance or mixture, as mucilage,
glue, or flour paste. The packing thus formed may be used generally
in the transportation of various fragile articles, and will be found par-
ticularly serviceable for bottles containing pickles, liquors, and the
like.

page_text: I design to make this packing generally in large sheets, and cut the
same afterwards as may be required, the sheets being spread horizontally
at the top and bottom of the box or case in which they are to be inserted,
and vertical strips or sheets at the sides and between the rows; the strips
running one way with small pads between them at right angles or in the
contrary direction thereto.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING PILCHARDS AND OTHER FISH
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Edward Fryer, of Old Palace Yard,
in the City of Westminster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PRESERVING PILCHARDS AND OTHER FISH."
Sealed the 5th January 1875, and dated the 23rd October 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Edward Fryer
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 23rd October 1874.
I, CHARLES EDWARD FRYER, of Old Palace Yard, in the City of
Westminster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING PILCHARDS AND OTHER FISH," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved process of preserving pilchards
and other fish, such as herrings and sprats.

page_text: The fish when brought ashore are laid on a floor of asphalte or wood,
and sprinkled with salt, they are then beheaded and gutted and
thoroughly washed, after this they are packed in alternate layers of
salt and fish in barrels or other receptacles for the purpose of preserving
the brightness of the scales, and slightly salting the fish. After being
allowed to remain from 2 to 4 hours, according to the size of the fish,
they are taken out and thoroughly washed again. They are then laid
tail upwards in wire frames or cradles which are hung up in the open
air to drain. When thoroughly dry the frames with the fish therein arc
plunged into boiling olive oil for about two or three minutes, and again
hung up to allow the fish to drain and cool. When cold the fish are
placed in layers in tin boxes which are then filled up with cold fresh
olive oil. After soaking a sufficient time to absorb a portion of the oil,
the boxes are replenished with oil and soldered up. The boxes are then
placed in boiling water or brinc, according to the temperature to which
they are to be subjected, which may vary according to the destination of
the fish, those for export to hot climates requiring to be subjected to a
higher temperature. The boxes of fish are thus boiled for from 1/
to 5 hours, according to their size, and are then taken out and allowed
to cool gradually.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DOOR FASTENERS FOR RAILWAY WAGONS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Leach and John Leach
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 28th May 1874.
We, JAMES LEACH, of Chorley, in the County of Lancaster, and JOHN
LEACH, of the same Place, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DOOR FASTENERS FOR RAILWAY WAGONS," to
be as follows:
Our Invention is applicable (chiefly) to the end doors of railway
wagons, but may be applied to side doors, where such side doors are
panelled in and not open to the top.
At the lower end of the two outside hinge straps (for end doors) we
form a similar hinge eye as at the top, reversed or turned outwardly, into
which we work a round bar the length of the door, and on such bar we
firmly fix at each end, just within side of the straps, a flat projecting
catch piece working outwardly with the turning of such bar. On the
top side of buffer ends of the soles we fix firmly a catch bracket, into
which the before-mentioned catch pieces fall on the closing of the door.
To one or both ends of the round bar is attached a lever placed at such

page_text: an angle with the catch pieces as to, by its weight, keep such catch
pieces inside the catch bracket. On the outside of the buffer end of
the sole is a swivel lever made to fall down on the closing of the door,
thus securing it in its place until lifted by the hand (or otherwise). In
the side panelled door we use similar bar with a different shaped bracket
on the top plank above the door.