IMPROVED MEANS FOR UTILISING CERTAIN MATERIAL PRODUCED IN THE PROCESS OF GALVANIZING IRON
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward William Taylor Jones, of Wolver-
hampton, in the County of Stafford, Analytical Chemist, for the
Invention of "IMPROVED MEANS FOR UTILISING CERTAIN MATERIAL
PRODUCED IN THE PROCESS OF GALVANIZING IRON."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward William Taylor
Jones at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 24th September 1875.
I, EDWARD WILLIAM TAYLOR JONES, of Wolverhampton, in the
County of Stafford, Analytical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS FOR UTILISING Certain MaterŢAL
PRODUCED IN THE PROCESS OF GALVANIZING IRON,” to be as follows:-
This Invention, refers to the utilisation of the skimmings from the
zinc pots which are used in galvanizing iron, the said skimmings
consisting chiefly of zinc, chloride, and other compounds, but con-

page_text: taining also some chloride of ammonium, and small quantities of other
substances.
:
The object of this Invention is to prepare a zinc oxide containing a
large per centage of pure zinc oxide. I effect this object as follows:-
I mix the said skimmings with carbonato oxide, or hydrate of
calcium, or of the other alkaline earths, or of the fixed alkalies and
heat the said mixture in a retort or other suitable vessel sufficiently to
cause a decomposition resulting in the production of zinc oxide, and a
chloride of the alkaline earth or alkali soluble in water. I then separate
the soluble substances from the insoluble zinc oxide by treatment with
water.
Otherwise instead of heating the said mixture as described I boil it in
water sufficiently to cause the aforesaid decomposition and the dissipation
of ammonia. I then allow the resulting zinc oxide to subside, and
afterwards draw off the water containing the soluble substances, and
wash the zinc oxide with water to separate more thoroughly the soluble
impurities therefrom.
After production and purification of the zinc oxide by either of the
above methods, I dry it to fit it for smelting or other purposes. During
the process either of heating or boiling the said mixture for the
production of the zinc oxide, the compounds of ammonia which are
given off may be utilised. When the boiling process is employed those
of the said carbonates which are insoluble in water are not so effectual
or convenient as in the heating process.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 2
filed by the said Edward William Taylor Jones in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 16th March 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
WILLIAM TAYLOR JONES, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford,
A
Palamint rand curating
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 2
filed by the said Edward William Taylor Jones in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 16th March 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
WILLIAM TAYLOR JONES, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford,
Analytical Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of September in

page_text: the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five,
in the thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Edward William Taylor
Jones, Her special licence, that I, the said Edward William Taylor
Jones, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Edward William Taylor Jones, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed;
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS FOR UTILISING
CERTAIN MATERIAL PRODUCED IN THE PROCESS OF GALVANIZING IRON," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Edward William Taylor
Jones, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner. the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward William Taylor Jones, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement (that is to say):-
This Invention refers to the utilisation of the skimmings (known as
5 flux skimmings) from the zinc pots which are used in galvanizing iron,
tho said skimmings consisting chiefly of zinc chloride and other com-
pounds, but containing also some chloride of ammonium, and small
quantities of other substances.
The object of this Invention is to prepare from the said skimmings
zinc oxide containing about eighty per centum of pure zinc oxide. . I.
effect this object in either of the two ways herein-after described, but I.
'wish to state that I prefer the former method.
My first method is as follows:-I grind the said skimmings (preferably:
to a fine powder) and mix them with ground carbonato oxide, or hydrato
5 of calcium, or of the other alkaline earths, or of the fixed alkalies, and
heat the said mixture, stirring occasionally in a retort or other suitable

page_text: vessel till no appreciable quantity of ammonia is given off. Instead of
grinding the skimmings separately they may be mixed as aforesaid, and
the whole mixture ground together, thus securing a more intimate
mixture of the ingredients. The ingredient which I prefer to mix with
the said skimmings, either for this or my second method, is the oxide of i
calcium, commonly known as chalk lime, in the proportion of about
three parts of the oxide of calcium to ten parts of the skimmings. The
application of heat to the mixture results in the driving off of the
ammonia, and causing a decomposition by which is produced zinc oxide,
and a chloride of the alkaline earth, or alkali soluble in water, which is 1
chloride of calcium when the oxide of calcium is used in the mixture.
A tolerably safe criterion as to when the mixture is sufficiently heated
is afforded by the mixture attaining a dull red heat. After the
necessary decomposition is effected as aforesaid, I remove the mixture
from the retort or other suitable vessel, and separate the soluble 1
substances from the insoluble zinc oxide by treatment or washing with
water, which is more readily accomplished when the mixture is
pulverised after being removed from the retort or oven. The retort
or ovon which I prefer to employ for heating the mixture according
to my first method is constructed, preferably, mainly of brickwork, and 2
consists of an enclosed chamber with an arched top having doors in the
side or sides as may be convenient for charging and withdrawing the
mixture, and having a tube communicating with the upper part of the
said chamber to convey the ammonia fumes as they are evolved to any
desired place. The furnace is fixed at one end of this chamber, and the 2
flues pass first under the chamber, then rise at the end opposite to
the furnace, and then over the chamber between the arch forming the
top of the chamber, and another arch forming the top of this fluc, and
thence to the chimney stack.
My second method is as follows:-Instead of heating the said mixture 3
as described I boil it in about four times its own weight of water
sufficiently to cause the aforesaid decomposition and the ovolution of
ammonia, the decomposition being approximately complete when no
appreciable quantity of ammonia is given off. I then allow the resulting
insoluble zinc oxide to subside, and afterwards draw off the water con- 35
taining the soluble substances, and wash the zinc oxide with water to

page_text: variations as follow obviously from and are substantially in harmony
with the foregoing description.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward William Taylor Jones,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of March,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
i
Witness,
EDWARD WILLIAM TAYLOR JONES (1.S.)
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Patent Office,
Wolverhampton.