Improvements in or relating to Soldering Metals.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Jan., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 14th Oct., 1896-Accepted, 15th Jan., 1897
Improvements in or relating to Soldering Metals.
A communication from CHARLES PRIOUX, of 229 Rue du Faubourg Saint
Antoine, Paris, in the Republic of France, Watch-maker, and CHARLES
HUGOT, of 90 Rue Notre Dame de Nazareth, Paris, in the Republic of
France, Lock-smith.
1, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to a process for soldering metals, which may be effected
in two distinct manners, whatever may be the shape of the piece and the metal
of which it is made, as for instance, aluminium, steel, iron, platinum, gold, silver,
copper, bronze or other metal, the same industrial result being obtained in
each case.
The first proceeding is as follows, if as an example a tube or any other object of
aluminium is taken; the surfaces of the objects to be soldered are scoured and
then made rough by means of any hand or mechanical process, producing.a
multitude of small hooks or asperities like those on a wood-rasp. The surfaces to
be soldered are then placed in an electro-plating bath in order to cover them with
a layer of pure metai, deposited by the current of the battery. This metal may be
gold, silver, copper or any other metal which can be deposited on the surface to be
soldered by the electric current. The surfaces thus prepared are then jumped
with the aid of a burnisher which enables the metal to be soldered with the
aid of tin; or other composite or similar soldering to be employed with perfect
adherence.
By the second proceeding, for instance, for soldering two aluminium tubes iby
their ends, or one tube of aluminium and the other of steel or other metal; or two
tubes of any metal the proceeding is as follows ;-On that part of one tube: which
enters into the other is placed a metallic ferrule, either of gold, silver, copper or other
malleable metal; this ferrule is jumped on that end of the first tube which enters
it by making on it a great number of cross or longitudinal or rhombus grooves or
in all suitable directions. A slight taper is given to the entering part so that
when the soldering medium is applied, it is not likely to come out when afterwards
a special mandrel is applied; this latter flattening the grooves and the soldering
medium therein by the pressure produced.
The preliminary scouring of the surfaces of the parts to be soldered may be
done before applying the ferrule also in the event of the metal of tubes being a
little oxidised or dirty.
f
Therefore it is clear that this soldering with tin and its derivatives may be
perfectly relied upon with regard to the necessary cohesion given by this. process,
consisting in interposing a pure metal, the grooves or asperities of which keep the
soldering medium in place in a very safe manner, which solder is moreover
compressed in all existing pores on account of its adhesion, and retained in the
manner described; finally this soldering medium is protected from any exterior
contact which could make it fall to pieces after a time, by intermolecular, chemical,
voltaic or other influences.

page_text: Not only are these processes suitable for soldering parts entering one another,
but also for sockets for joining pipes and also for flat soldering, planes, surfaces,
curves of contact-in fact for any form of joint of pieces of any shape and metal,
without having recourse to annealing.
Dated this 15th day of January 1896.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.
improvements in or relating to Soldering Metals.
A communication from CHARLES PRIOUX, of 229 Rue du Faubourg Saint
Antoine, Paris, in the Republic of France, Watch-maker, and CHARLES
HUGOT, of 90 Rue Notre Dame de Nazareth, Paris, in the Republic of
France, Lock-smith.
21
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, formerly of 323 High Holborn, now of 111 Hatton
Garden in the County of Middlesex, Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The present invention relates to improvements in soldering or joining together
metallic parts, and in the process described in the Specification of British Patent
No. 13858 dated 20th July 1895, the drawing accompanying the latter, representing
tubular pieces to be soldered.
The invention relates to a new process or manner of joining or soldering all
tubular or hollow metals to each other whatever be the shape in cross section of
the objects to be soldered the surfaces to be soldered being previously prepared as
will be hereinafter described. Objects whether made of the same or of different
metals can be soldered to each other, the necessity for re-heating the parts being
avoided.
First we will take as an example two tubes of any metal, such for instance as
steel or aluminium or silver or any other metal, or two tubes of different metals,
for instance one tube of steel and the other of aluminium, as illustrated in Figs. 1
and 2 of the accompanying drawings where said tubes are shown of the same
diameter (but they also may be of different diameters) as shown in Fig. 4 of the
drawing accompanying the specification of the patent referred to.
The two tubes a and b (Figs. 1 and 2) are each provided with internal sockets cc
in the shape of a truncated cone to facilitate their introduction in the direction
indicated by the arrows. The ends e e and of the tubes a and b are somewhat
reduced in diameter, said tubes tapering in the same direction as the sockets c
and d. The exterior ends e egg,jfhh of the two tubes are first scoured or
cleaned, and are then placed into an electro plating bath for a suitable period of
time, said bath containing in solution pure metal (gold, silver, copper, etc.) in order
to obtain a very thin layer or deposit on the end surfaces of the two tubes. It is
necessary to have the deposited coating of pure metal for the surfaces which are to
receive tin-solder.
This having been done either parallel or helical small grooves (Figs. 1. 2. 3) are
made on the ends of the tubes whereby slightly raised edges or burrs and depressious
are produced in order to afford a good grip for the solder, when the tubular ends
are introduced into outer union-pieces, such for instance as k or l Figs. 5 and 6,
shown as an example of joints for cycle-frames.
We may also make the grooves of lozenge shape or notch the surfaces in the
way similar to that of rasps, as illustrated in Figs. 3 and.4.

page_text: Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate two kinds of union-pieces k and the interior of which is
machined so as to taper in the direction indicated by the arrows and correspond to
the ends of the tubes represented in Figs. 1. 2, 3 and 4.
If it is desired to solder a tube such for instance as a Fig. 1 the solder is first,
applied to its prepared surface and it is then introduced into a union-piece such
as k or (Figs. 5 or 6). At first a screwthreaded rod n (Figs. 7 and 8) is
introduced at one end said rod being provided with a washer o which may turn or
be pivotted in order to facilitate its introduction into the inner socket or sleeve c
in the direction of the arrows. After it has passed beyond said socket c, the
washer o is turned in the direction of the arrow 2 and rests against the edge or
end of the socket e against which it is held by the nut p. The rod n is provided
at the opposite end. with an eye or hook r by means of which it is pulled in the
direction of the arrow 2 either by means of a lever or a screw or in any other
suitable mauner. This is a modification of that described in the patent referred to,
for expanding by means of the socket e the end of the tube a and the solder
contained between said part and the interior of the union-piece k or I which is used
to form the first joint by solder. A mandrel, or other means, may, however, be
employed to expand the tubes.
Our second method of soldering consists in taking for instance two aluminium or
steel or any other metal tube as shown in Figure 3 or 4 and in preparing the
ends e egg and ffhh destined to receive the tin solder that is to say we reduce
the diameter of their ends and wedge or force thin metallic ferrules upon these
ends, then form on the grooves in the shape of small lozenges as in Figure 3 or
notches or burrs, as in rasps as in Figure 4. These metallic ferrules being very
thin are, in the process of forming the burrs or asperities, penetrated by the tool,
whereby part of its metal is forced into the tube, so that the ferrules become very
firmly fixed; and in order to protect the hands of the workmen against the sharp
notches, the edges are slightly burnished down, and the surfaces e eg gorffhh
are then ready to receive tin solder. The ends of the tubes thus prepared and
provided with solder are forced into. union-pieces, the washer is then introduced
and drawn forward to press the inner socket c into its place to make the latter
expand the tubes and press the tin-solder between the tubes and the interior of the
union-piece, and thus protecting it against contact with the atmosphere.
In Figure 9 we show a complete joint of two ends of tubes in a simple
union-piece. The same letters correspond to those in other figures of the
drawing.
It is unnecessary to say that all the surfaces to be soldered must be first of all
scoured and scraped if they are in the slightest degree dirty or oxidised as this is
one of the causes of subsequent disaggregation of all solder.
Thus the solder however good originally must not only be maintained in place
in a very strong manner, but must also be protected against external destructive
influences which however slow have produced so many disastrous results especially
in tubular parts forming frames and forks of cycles, the continual vibrations, and
the hygrometric or chemical actions upon which produces a destructive effect upon
the solder which alters its condition whereby it becomes crystalline, breaking and
producing rupture of the joints.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent and in what manner the
same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The method of joining two tubular parts consisting in the application of pure
tin solder to the parts to be secured, said parts being provided with notches, burrs
or grooves whereby when they are expanded into a union-piece by means of an
internal mandrel or inner sleeve, the solder is caused to enter the recesses caused
by the burrs or grooves and secure the parts firmly together, and is also protected
from corrosion or deterioration substantially as described.
2. The method of joining two tubular parts, consisting in the application of a

page_text: thin metallic ring or ferrule to the end of the entering tube, forming grooves,
notches or burrs thereon, and applying solder to the surfaces so prepared, whereby
when the tube is expanded into a union piece, by means of an internal mandrel or
otherwise, the solder is caused to enter the burrs or grooves and secure the parts
firmly together, substantially as described.
Dated this 14th day of October 1896
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.