CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING OR PRODUCING TILES FOR DRAINING LAND, BUILDINGS, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1833

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
BEART, of Godmanchester, in the County of Huntingdon, Miller, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-fifth day of May, in the third year of His reign, did,
for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Robert
Beart, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege, and authority, that I, the
said Robert Beart, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Robert Beart, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING OR PRODUCING TILES FOR DRAINING LAND,
BUILDINGS, AND OTHER PURPOSES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a
proviso that I, the said Robert Beart, shall cause a particular description of the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had will
more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Robert Beart, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and ascer-
tained in and by the following description thereof, reference being had to the
Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
(that is to say)
My Invention relates to a peculiar arrangement of moulds, and manner of
working tiles therefrom, as will be fully described hereafter, whereby tiles may
be produced with greater facility than by the ordinary means of making them.
But in order that my Invention may be fully described and ascertained, I will
now describe the Drawing hereunto annexed, and the figures and letters
marked thereon (that is to say):-Fig. 1 is an elevation of a machine having
two moulds, constructed according to my Invention, some of the parts being
in section the more clearly to show their construction. Fig. 2 is a plan of
Fig. 1. In each of the Figures the same letters refer to similar parts. a, a, is
a strong frame of wood or other material which supports the machinery. b is
an ordinary pug mill for grinding and preparing the clay. At the bottom of
the pug mill 6 is an opening by which the moulds c, d, are alternately filled,
as will be fully described hereafter.
The two moulds c, d, are two quadrangular boxes affixed on the cross frame e,
which turns on a spindle t, inidway between the two moulds c and d. By this
means the moulds may be successively brought under the opening at the bottom
of the pug mill, and by the working of the mill will become filled, whilst the clay
contained in the other mould is being worked off into tiles. f is a false bottom
(one in each of the two moulds c, d,) resting on ledges or projecting edges g,
at the bottom of the moulds. h is a piston, which, being raised up by means
of a screw j, causes the bottom f to press up the clay which is in the moulds.
i is a bevelled toothed wheel, its axle turning in proper bearings, affixed to
the framing of the machine. Through the centre of this wheel is formed a
female screw to fit the screw j, which works the piston. k is another bevelled
toothed wheel, which takes into and drives the wheel i, the axes of the wheel
k turning in proper bearings affixed to the framing. On the axis of the wheel
k is affixed a pinion 1, and m is a toothed wheel which takes into and drives
the pinion. On to the axle of the wheel m is placed handles n, n, for giving
motion to this part of the machinery.
Having described the various parts of the machine, I will proceed to describe
the manner of its action. In doing so, I will suppose that the mould c is full
of clay, and the mould d will consequently be under the pug mill, and will be
receiving clay therefrom, meanwhile that the clay contained in the mould c is

page_text: being worked into tiles. By turning the handle n the wheel m will drive the
pinion', and with it 'the wheel k, and this wheel will turn the wheel'i, and
by means of the screw j the piston h will force up the required thickness of
clay for making a tile, which is to be removed in the following manner :-
Fig. 3 represents the instrument for cutting the thickness of clay from the
mould. o is a stretched wire or wires from the points p. In cutting off a
tile the workman will place the parts p on the mould; the two sides thereof
acting as guides and pressing on the handles q will draw the wire through the
clay, and when cut from end to end the tile may be readily removed by hand.
The upper part of the instrument, Fig. 3, acts as a strike or level, and is to
be passed backwards and forwards over the surface of the clay in the mould to
smooth the upper surface. The handles n are again to be turned, and a second
quantity of clay brought above the mould c, which is to be removed in like
manner, and so on till this mould is empty. The pug mill is then to be
stopped, the piston run down, and the position of the moulds reversed; that is,
the empty mould c under the pug mill, and the full mould d above the piston.
And the manner in which I effect this turning is by means of a straight lever,
which I place against the corner of the mould and against the spindle t, in the
manner shown by dotted lines in Fig. 2, and thus force the two moulds to
revolve on the spindle. s is a circular table on which the moulds c and d
travel. The clay in the mould d is to be worked off in like manner to that
described of the mould c. It will be evident from the above description that
other figures than square tiles may be produced by forming the moulds to the
shape required. The tiles produced as above described, when they are
intended for draining tiles, will only require to be bent over a proper shape or
mould whilst moist. They are then to be dried and afterwards finished in the
kiln as usual.
My Invention only relating to the moulds and manner of working the clay
therefrom into tiles and system of removing the same, and not to any of the
other processes, it will not be necessary to go into any further description
thereof.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of con-
structing and using the same, I would observe, that in place of the moulds
remaining stationary whilst the clay is forced up by the piston, it will be
evident that the pistons may remain stationary, and the moulds descend by
means of toothed wheels and racks or otherwise; and I would have it understood
that although I have described the moulds as combined with and supplied by
a pug mill, I do not confine myself to that manner of using them, as they may
be filled by hand, or otherwise, but in such case it will be desirable to beat

page_text: the clay in order to press the same more intimately together and make it more
close grained than it would be by merely putting a quantity into the moulds.
And I would have it understood that I lay no claim to the various parts
separately of which the machinery is composed, they being separately well
known and in use. But what I claim is, the construction of moulds c, d, as
above described, from which a succession of tiles may be cut as the clay is
caused to project therefrom, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Beart, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and thirty-three.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifteenth day of November, in
the year of our Lord 1833, the aforesaid Robert Beart came before our said
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid,
and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-fifth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-three.