IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE SAME.
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Dickinson, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Ship and Anchor Smith, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN ANCHORS, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE SAME.
Sealed the 20th January 1857, and dated the 26th July 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Dickinson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th July 1856.
I, JAMES DICKINSON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Ship and
Anchor Smith, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ANCHORS, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE SAME," to be as follows:-
These improvements are applicable to the anchors known as "Porter's," or
"swival anchors," and consists in forming and fitting the "togals" to the
anchor arms by a working joint. These "togles" are projections formed on
the back of the "auchor arms" at or nearly opposite to the heel of the
palms" (and which it has been usual heretofore to attach rigidly to the arms
of the anchor). They are applied to cause the anchor arm which is in contact
with the ground to open out, so as to place the point of the arm in the proper
position to take into the ground. In constructing anchors with these improved
movable "togles," it is proposed to form them with a stock and solid shank
in the usual way; but on the "crown" end of the shank three tenons are con-
structed, having a hole passing through them for the insertion of a "locking
pin" or bolt for securing the arms to the shank."

page_text: The anchor arms are formed by two suitably shaped pieces of iron, having
"Dutch" or "solid palms" formed on their outer ends, or they may have their
points secured together by rivets, having the common palms welded or riveted
thereto; the two pieces, forming the anchor arms,, are placed just sufficiently
apart to allow them to be slipped in between the tenons formed on the crown
end of the shank, to which they are secured by a stout lock pin or bolt passed
through the whole. When an anchor is constructed on the foregoing plan, the
togals are formed of a spade-like shape, having a shank which is slipped
in between the two plates forming the arms, and which are secured thereto by
transverse pins passing through the sides of the arms and shanks of the toġals.
These togals aro at liberty to work upon their pins a given distance. These
improved togals can be readily modified, so as to be applied to solid armed
anchors, as will be readily understood. The centre tenon formed on the
crown end of the anchor shank may be a little longer than the side ones, so
as to allow of a hole being formed through it for the insertion of the bolt of the
buoy-rope shackle.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Dickinson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
26th January 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
DICKINSON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Ship and Anchor Smith,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said James
Dickinson, Her special licence, that I, the said James Dickinson, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Dickinson, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS, AND IN THE MAEU-
FACTURE OF THE SAME," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
James Dickinson, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing

page_text: under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Dickinson, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
(that is to say) :-
This Invention is applicable. to the class of anchors known a "swivel
anchors," and these improvements consist in forming and fitting the "togles"
to the anchor arms by a working joint. These "togles" are projections formed
on the back of the anchor arms at or nearly opposite to the heels of the
ແ palms," and which togles it has been usual heretofore to attach rigidly to the
arms of the anchor. They are applied to cause the anchor arm which is
in contact with the ground to open out from the shank, and bring the point of
the "flook" into the proper position for entering the ground. In constructing
anchors with my improved movable "togles," I prefer to form them with a
stock and solid shank in the usual way, except that the "crown" end of the
shank I construct with three tenons, having hole passing laterally through
them, for the insertion of a locking pin or bolt for jointing the flook arms
thereto. In making the shank of the anchor, I prefer to forge the stem of the
shank and centre tenon from one piece of iron, and then weld on the outer
pieces or tenons; and the middle tenon I make considerably stronger and
a little longer than the side ones, to allow a hole to be formed through it for
the insertion of a bolt for a buoy-rope shackle to be attached thereto without
interfering with the swivelling of the arms of the anchor.
The anchor arms I propose to form by laying together laterally two suitably
shaped pieces of iron, having lumps of metal formed on their ends, and which
lumps I bring together and form into "Dutch" or "solid palms;" but they
may be constructed from two pieces of suitably shaped metal, having their
points brought together, and to which the common palms may be fixed. The
two lateral pieces of which the anchor arms are formed I place sufficiently
apart in the centre of their length to allow them to be slipped in between the
tenons formed on the "crown end" of the shank, and to which they are
jointed by a stout lock pin or bolt passing through the whole, and upon which
the arms swivel.
That this my said Invention may be the more readily seen and understood,
I have thereunto annexed Drawings of an anchor to illustrate one of the

page_text: modifications of my plans. Like letters and figures marked thereon relate to
similar parts.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of one of my improved swivel "togle" anchors;
Figure 2 is a top view or plan the same; Figure 3 is a back view of the anchor
arms and swivel "togles detached from the shank; Figure 4 is a plan of the
crown end of the shank.
A, the anchor shank; B, the anchor arms; C, the "palms" or
"flooks
of ditto; D, the two swivelling "togles," one being attached to each arm by a
transverse pin, upon which they are at liberty to work backwards and forwards
a given distance; E, the anchor stock; F, the transverse locking bolt or pin,
which connects the arms and shank together, and upon which the arms
"swivel" or work; G, the middle tenon of the crown end of the anchor shank,
and which is stouter and longer than G' and Gs, the two side tenons or outer
-pieces; H, the buoy-rope shackle, attached to the middle tenon by I, the buoy-
. rope shackle pin; K, the cable shackle.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of this my said
.Invention, and how the same may be performed, I wish it to be understood
that I do not confine myself to the precise details herein-before described, as
the same may be variously modified without departing from the Invention;
but what I do claim is,-
First, the use and application to "swivel. anchors" of the movable togles
herein-before described.
And, secondly, dividing the crown end of the anchor shank into. three
portions, say, a middle tenon and two side tenons, pieces, or clamps, as herein-
before described.
And, lastly, the combination of the various parts herein-before described as
applied to the manufacture of anchors.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Dickinson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of January, A.D. 1857 (say, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
WILLIAM WALKER,
of 44, Castle Street, Liverpool.
JAMES (L.s.) DICKINSON.