Improvements in Car-heating Apparatus.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Sept., 1891-Accepted, 10th Oct., 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by THE LELAND CAR HEATER AND STEAM
COUPLER COMPANY, a Corporation organized under the laws of the State
of New York, and whose Offices are at 90, John Street, in the City of New
York, United States of America.]
Improvements in Car-heating Apparatus.
1, ERNEST DE PASS, of 78, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Fellow of the
Chartered Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the
accompanying drawings and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is
to say:
This invention relates to that class of heating apparatus used in railway cars,
and for other like purposes, and the object thereof is to provide a novel and simple
arrangement of the interior radiating and circulating pipes and to combine there-
with means whereby a continuous circulation may be obtained upon both sides of
the car, and from end to end of the same, with a substantial equality or uniformity
of heat at all points.
In other words, it is the purpose of this invention to provide a heating apparatus
so combined with the radiating pipes and with an auxiliary heater, that a con-
tinuous and rapid circulation of the hot water shall be constantly maintained
throughout the entire range of system-pipes, without material increase in the
expenditure of fuel, either for direct heat or steam heat; the arrangement
being such that the auxiliary heater may be placed upon either circuit and
utilized as a heater for the toilet-room or lavatory either with or without radiating
coils of pipe therein.
The invention consists to these ends in the several novel features of construction
and new combinations of parts hereinafter fully set forth and then more definitely
pointed out and defined in the claims following this Specification.
In order that the invention may be readily understood I will proceed to
describe the same in detail, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in
which:-
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of the main heating apparatus, together
with a partial plan view of the radiating pipes, shewing their connection with
the heater.
Figure 2 is a sectional plan view shewing the remaining portion of the radiating
pipes, and the arrangement and construction of the auxiliary steam-heater; said
drawings being prepared in such manner that, when the two figures are taken
together, they shew a complete connected apparatus.
In the drawings 1 designates a water-heater of any known or preferred form.
This heater is arranged in any well known manner at one end of the car, where it
is usually enclosed in a suitable compartment, not shewn in the drawings as the
body or frame of the car is not illustrated.
The heating coil or pipe 2 is arranged in the fire-box of the heater 1, its outlet
being carried up into the stack 3 and, when at a suitable point, extended laterally
through the wall of the stack, the exterior portion 4 entering the lower end of a
steam-heater in which the water acquires a further degree of heat from contact
with pipes or cylinders which are supplied in their interior with steam from the
ordinary train-pipe.
The steam-heater consists of a cylindrical body 5, closed at its ends by caps 6,
the cold water inlet-pipe entering the lower cap and an outlet-pipe 7 communi-
cating with the upper end. Within the body portion is arranged a concentric

page_text: drum 8 through which pass pipes 9 parallel with the axis of the body 5 by which
a series of passages is provided for the water traversing the steam-heater, said
pipes passing through both the steam-heads 10 of the drum. These heads
preferably lie within the body-portion 5 of the heater, end spaces 12 being left
above and below the drum, and an annular space 13 being formed between the
latter and the inner surface of the body-portion 5 of the heater. A steam inlet
pipe 14 enters the lower end or cap 6 of the heater and passes upward through the
lower end or steam-head 10 of the interior drum 8, said pipe being supplied with
live steam from the train-pipe 15 beneath the car.
In like manner an outlet-
pipe 16 is tapped through the lower end or cap of the heater and enters the drum,
the portion lying therein being perforated to allow the free escape from the drum
of the water of condensation and steam. Each of these pipes is provided with a
cock or valve 17. It will be seen that the water entering the steam-heater will
flow through and around the drum 8 where it receives the heat imparted by the
steam which flows through the interior of the drum.
The water outlet-pipe 7 is carried from the exit-end of the steam-heater to an
expansion-chamber or tank 18 arranged in or upon the top of the car.
From this
tank a pipe 19 is carried downward to the floor of the car and through the same
and thence extended horizontally across the car beneath the floor from which it
emerges upon the other side. From this point, where it again enters the interior,
the pipe is extended toward the adjacent end of the car and then bent upon itself,
to form a double radiating branch or extension 20, the return member of which
passes along the side of the car to one of the seats upon that side where it bends
transversely to the car and then returns to or toward the side thereof forming a
radiating extension 21 which is preferably arranged beneath one of the car-sents.
This construction is repeated at suitable intervals, that is to say, an extension
similar to that last described is formed either under each seat, or alternate seat, or
at such other points as circumstances may require.
After the fast extension 21 is formed, the pipe is continued to the end of the
car and then returned in an opposite direction, forming a second double radiating
branch or extension 20 upon the same side with the first, but extending in an
opposite direction. At the end of the returning portion 22 of the second branch
or extension 20 the pipe is carried through the floor, and then transversely across
the car, to the opposite side of the latter as shewn in Figure 2.
The end of the transverse portion of pipe last described is brought up through
the floor of the car after crossing the latter and emerges within the lavatory or
toilet-compartment. In this room is arranged an auxiliary steam-heater 23 which
may be placed beneath the stand in which the washing basins are set, or in any
other suitable place. This heater consists of an outer body 24 of cylindrical form
and an inner concentric drum 25 having one or more passages 26 for the water, an
annular space 27 being formed between said drum and the cylindrical body of the
auxiliary steam-heater. In its general construction the latter resembles the
upright steam-heater at the opposite end of the car in all essential particulars,
the water entering the end laterally through the pipe 28 which forms part of the
circulation-pipe extended across the car beneath its floor as already described.
The outlet pipe opens through the opposite end of the auxiliary steam-heater, and
having two elbows 29 is brought into parallelism therewith and extended to the
seats where it is formed into a suitable number of radiating extensions 21 similar
to those on the opposite side of the car. Having reached in this manner the end
of the car where the heater 1 is located it enters said heater and communicates
with the lower convolution of the coil 2 as shewn in Figure 1.
The steam outlet from the steam-heater drum 8 is carried downward to the floor,
or nearly to the floor, of the car, and extends thence directly to the auxiliary
steam-heater 23 entering its end and passing into its drum in substantially the
same manner already set forth in connection with the steam inlet of the heater 5.
The outlet 30 from the drum 25 is perforated throughout that part lying in the
drum and its exterior end which is provided with a cock 31 is carried through the

page_text: car floor and the drip caused by the water of condensation is discharged
therefrom.
The steam-heater is shewn connected with the train pipe and so arranged that
its cold water inlet-pipe 4 is in communication with and receives its supply from
the coil 2 in the coil-heater 1. It will be understood however that while both
these heaters might be used at the same time this is not the only purpose of their
arrangement. One purpose thereof is to provide a steam-heater which may be
used upon all cars piped for steam heating and to connect the same with a coil
heater in such manner that the latter may be used when the car is run into a
siding, or disconnected to lie in the shed, or in the station.
The train pipe 15 is provided with a three-way valve 32 arranged at the
point where the steam-pipe leading to the heater connects with said train-pipe
to cut off the steam when the car is uncoupled at both ends or to cut it off in
such manner as will permit the steam to flow to the heater from either end of the
car but prevent it from traversing the train pipe.
It should be noted that by the arrangement shewn the auxiliary steam-heater 23
lies in a position where it receives the water from the longer and delivers it to the
shorter branch of the circuit. It is found that by this arrangement said auxiliary
heater having to carry the shorter and lighter branch of the circuit is much more
effective and materially increases the rapidity of the circulation.
It has been customary in many car heaters to use a coil to heat the water, and
to take the pipe from the expansion-tank to the radiator upon the same side of
the car, then cross the pipe over to the other side to the opposite series of radiators,
and then after the water has traversed the latter to carry it directly to the lower
convolution of the coil.
It will be seen at once that if the steam-heater in such an apparatus be placed
in the ascending branch between the coil and the expansion tank it will antagonize
the auxiliary heater 23 and the united action of any two of the heaters will retard
the circulation as they will drive the water or tend to drive it into the expansion
tank and all the circulation obtained will be that which is represented by the
difference in power between the two heaters. In consequence the two contending
currents will, in most instances, establish a point of equilibrium in the longer
branch of the circuit where the water will have little if any perceptible movement.
To remedy this defect which practically defeats all the purposes of the inven-
tion, the second radiating branch of the circuit is taken directly to the lower
terminal of the coil as shewn in Fig. 1, and the pipe is carried from the expansion-
tank to the first cross-over, thus causing the hot water to flow first through the
first radiating branch upon the opposite side of the car from said tank to the
series of radiators 21 on that side, then through the second cross-over and through
the auxiliary steam-heater, thence through the second radiating branch and through
the coil and main steam-heater back to the expansion-tank. By this arrangement
both heaters drive the water in the same direction and should the coil-heater be
used its action will be added to that of the two steam-heaters. The result is that
with the steam alone a rapid circulation can be set up in a few moments of time,
and a comfortable and normal temperature obtained in the interior of the car in a
fractional part of the time required under the old system of piping.
It will be seen also that the steam pipe 16 which carries the steam used in the
steam-heater 5 located in the ascending branch of the pipe between the coil and
the expansion tank to the second or auxiliary steam heater 23 is, in itself, a
radiator of heat and has a very appreciable effect in maintaining the temperature
of the car.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I claim as commu-
nicated to me:
1. In a car-heating apparatus, the combination with a main or coil-heater, of a
steam-heater receiving the water of circulation from the coil heater, an expansion

page_text: tank to which the steam-heater delivers the hot-water, a double series of radiating
coils arranged upon the opposite sides of the car, an auxiliary steam-heater receiving
the water of circulation from the longer and delivering it to the shorter branch of
the circuit, a train pipe supplying steam to the first steam-heater and a pipe con-
necting the steam-outlet of the latter to the inlet of the auxiliary heater,
substantially as described.
2. In a car-heating apparatus, the combination with a main, or coil-heater, of a
steam-heater receiving the hot water from said coil-heater, an expansion-tank to
which the water flows from the steam-heater, a double series of radiating coils
arranged upon opposite sides of the car and receiving the water from the expansion-
tank and returning it to the coil-heater, an auxiliary steam-heater arranged in the
toilet-room and receiving the water of circulation from the long and returning it
to the shorter branch of the circuit, a train pipe, a steam-inlet pipe leading
therefrom to the first steam-heater, a three-way valve arranged at the point of
intersection of the inlet-pipe and train-pipe to cut off steam from the following car
without interrupting its flow to the steam-heater, and a pipe connecting the steam-
outlet of the fatter to the steam-inlet of the auxiliary heater, substantially as
described.
3. In a car-heating apparatus, the combination with a coil-heater of a steam-
heater having an inlet for steam supplied from the train-pipe, of a circulation pipe
carried across the car beneath the floor at or near each end of the car and provided
with radiating extensions upon each side of the car, and an auxiliary steam-heater
located within the toilet-compartment or lavatory at or near the other end of the
car, and traversed by the water of circulation, said auxiliary steam-heater having
a drum supplied by the outlet-pipe of the first steam-heater, and provided with an
outlet-pipe discharging beneath the car, substantially as described.
4. In a car-heating apparatus a system of piping leading from the expansion-
tank and the first cross-over, through the first radiating branch and the second
cross-over, constituting the longer branch of the circuit, thence through the second
radiating branch to the coil and the expansion tank, in combination with a steam-
heater in the upright pipe from the coil, and an auxiliary heater receiving the
water from the second cross-over and returning it to the second radiating branch
of the circuit, substantially as described.
5. In a car-heating apparatus, the combination with a steam-heater at one end
of the car having a steam-drum supplied from a train-pipe, of a circulation-pipe
and an auxiliary steam-heater arranged at or near the other end of the car to
receive the water from one branch and return it to the other branch of the said
circulating-pipe, said auxiliary steam-heater being connected with the steam outlet
of the steam-heater at the distant part of the car and being provided with an
outlet or escape for the water of condensation substantially as described.
Dated this 8th day of September 1801.
ERNEST DE PASS,
78, Fleet Street, London, and 6, Victoria Street, Nottingham.
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