matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR ADVERTISING, OR FOR THE EXHIBITION OF PLACARDS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Maurice Delcamp at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th January
1855.
I, MAURICE DELCAMP, of Paris, in the Empire of France, and of 32, Essex
Street, Strand, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR ADVERTISING, OR FOR THE EXHIBITION OF PLACARDS,"
to be as follows, viz. :—
This Invention relates to a system of apparatus for exhibiting in public
places and thoroughfares notices or advertisements in a more efficient way than
is now done by sticking bills, placards, or other papers. This apparatus consists
of two cylinders, unlimited in length, and having any diameter required up to
several inches. These cylinders, which are placed one above the other, have
iron axles or gudgeons, on which they turn in the following manner:-The
upper cylinder turns by means of an escapement or spring mechanism, such as
those of clocks or of roasting jacks. The axle may at intervals be made
independent of said mechanism by leaving out several teeth of the wheel which
sets the same in motion. The lower cylinder has an internal helical spring,
the same as self-acting blinds.
On these two cylinders are wraps of endless or other cloth or web, so as to
connect the two cylinders; this cloth has any desired length and width, and is
covered with advertisements, notices, and designs which it is desired to bring
under public notice. It will thus be seen, that by the opposite actions of the
clock mechanism of the upper cylinder, and of the coiled spring of the lower

page_text: cylinder, the cloth is generally wound off the upper upon or round the lower
cylinder, the cloth between the two cylinders thus exhibiting a constant and
continual change of advertising matter; also, by the break in the gearing, as
mentioned above, the cloth may at certain intervals be rapidly wound off the
upper upon the lower cylinder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF GRAIN
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gedge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st October 1855.-
A communication.
I, JOHN GEDGE, of No. 4, Wellington Street South, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF GRAIN," communicated to me
by Louis Richer, of Solesme, France, to be as follows:-
I propose, in order to preserve grain, to use a drum or casing of any size,
made either of metallic wire cloth, or of wood divided into many compart-
ments, each being about three yards (more or less), the one above the other.
The top of the drum about three yards deep, and being that measure below
the floor of the granary, serves to hold the grain to the level of the first
division, at which spot the bottom is divided into ridge and furrow, the trench
of which is shut by means by means of small flaps, each attached to a move-
able axle, furnished with a chain of wheels, and set in motion by means of a
lever, which lever at the same time regulates the descent or movement of the
grain; in consequence, the moment these flaps open the grain falls into the
second division or compartment. After having passed over a double slant or
slope in wire cloth, forming the covering of certain boxes destined to receive
the dust which is intermixed with the grain, the same operation takes place in

page_text: each compartment of the drum until the grain arrives in the reservoirs on the
ground floor, whence it is shot into sacks, which are hoisted again to the top
floor of the granary, and the process is repeated. By these means it is
proposed to preserve grain from damp, mice, weevils, and other destructive
agents, &c.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEPS AND BOLSTERS TO BE USED IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, WINDING, AND SIMILAR PROCESSES
Year: 1855

page_text: VILO
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Knowles and James
Knowles at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 28th April 1855.
We, THOMAS KNOWLES and JAMES KNOWLES, both of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEPS AND BOLSTERS TO BE USED IN MACHINERY
FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, WINDING, AND SIMILAR PROCESSES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in substituting hardened cast-iron steps and bolsters
for those of brass, now in general use. Our improved steps and bolsters are
cast, turned, and bored in a similar manner to those now used, and afterward
hardened by a peculiar process. This hardening, in connection with the use of
cast iron for steps and bolsters, reduces the friction on the spindle very con-
siderably, and causes it to run much steadier, thus not only effecting a saving
in power and oil, but also allowing the machinery to be run much quicker.
The cost of manufacturing our improved steps and bolsters is less than that of
the ordinary ones, and they are far more durable.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO EMBOSSING PRESSES
Year: 1855

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Binning at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd November
1855.
I, JAMES BINNING, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Embossing
Press Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO EMBOSSING PRESSES" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates mainly to the class of small embossing presses which
are used for impressing or embossing seals, and so forth, upon envelopes,
paper, cards, and other substances, and consists in constructing the presses so
that the impression is taken from the die by means of percussion, the blow
being given by the hand only, or by being struck with a small mallet; and
in constructing the presses in such a way that the die (or force as the case
may be) can be turned horizontally aside to admit of colour being applied to
the face of the die.
The annexed Drawing is a side elevation of an embossing press constructed
according to this Invention, like letters marked thereon having reference to
similar parts.
A, the base of the press, which can be cast in one piece with the frame (B)
when the press is not required to print the ground of the embossing in colour;
but when the press is required to print the ground work in colour, the base and
upright frame (B) are formed seperately, and attached together as shown by

page_text: the dotted lines. B, the frame or arms used to support and guide the piston
(D) and plunger (C), which can be turned aside in an horizontal direction to
admit of the face of the die being coloured when, required. 61 and 63, two arms
of the frame, through which works C, the plunger or piston rod, and to which
is attached D, the piston upon which the die is engraved; E, the force or
male die; F, a spiral spring placed within the hollow plunger for lifting
and keeping up the piston (D) and its rod (C), and is supported at the bottom
by f, a pin, which passes through the press arm and grooves cut in the plunger;
G, the head of the plunger, to which the blow is applied when the article to
be impressed is placed between the die (D) and force (E). When coloured
work is being performed upon presses constructed according to this Invention,
it will be found more convenient to place the force above the die.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL AND FIRE-LIGHTERS, AND IN MOULDS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert McLaren and Stephen
Williams Pugh at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 21st July 1855.
We, ROBERT MCLAREN, of New Peckham, in the County of Surrey,
Licensed Victualler, and STEPHEN WILLIAMS PUGH, of Peckham, also in the
County of Surrey, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL
FUEL AND FIRE-LIGHTERS, AND IN MOULDS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as
follows:-
We manufacture our artificial fuel from spent tan, cow dung, cocoa nut
fibre dust, sawdust, coke, or culm, anthracite or other coal dust, rosin, rosin oil,
dead oil, naphtha, pitch, and nitre, varying the proportions and combinations of
these ingredients according to the particular use for which the fuel is intended.
We manufacture our fire-lighters from the same ingredients, with the omission
of the coke or culm, and the anthracite or other coal dust. Our improved
moulds are formed with a core or cores, so as to produce a hollow through the
blocks of fuel or fire-lighters. They are also fitted with a false bottom, and
provided with apertures in the real bottom to admit of pressure being applied
to the false bottom, so as to remove the moulded fuel or fire-lighters from the
moulds.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN BOOTS FOR CAVALRY
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Léon Roudière at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th October
1855.
I, LEON ROUDIÈRE, of Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN BOOTS FOR CAVALRY."
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a new contrivance in so-called hessian boots
(bottes à l'écuyère), not differing externally from boots as worn by horsemen,
but without the great inconvenience of their admitting rain, which, dropping.
along the inside of the leg, comes directly into contact with the rider's feet. I
obviate this inconvenience by sewing inside of the leg of the boot, and nearly
at two-third of its height, a counter top or knee piece, which is laid on the
horseman's knee when sitting on the saddle. On falling on the said knee piece,
the rain glides over it and drops down into the leg (widened as usual at its
upper part), but is stopped by the seam, which does not allow it to descend
any farther; thence the water is let out through metallic eyelets, contrived on
each side of the top a little above the seam, which connects the knee piece
with the top. The said knee piece may be either sewn up to the boot or
secured to it by hooks, or in any other suitable way.
INPROVEMENTS IN ROTATORY STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Airey and William Henry
Lackabane at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd August 1855.
We, DANIEL AIREY, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, and
WILLIAM HENRY LACKABANE, of the same Place, Mechanic, do hereby declare
the nature of our said Invention for "INPROVEMENTS IN ROTATORY STEAM
ENGINES" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved form and construction of rotatory
engine, and consists of a cylinder or roller working excentrically inside a
circular bored cylinder, against one side of which it bears constantly, a suitable
packing piece being fitted into a longitudinal groove in the inside of the cylinder
at the part where the roller bears against, in order to prevent the steam from
getting entirely round the roller. This roller may be made in two halves, with
slides or diaphragms working through it, and bearing against the sides of the
cylinder, these slides or diaphragms being kept pressed outwards by suitable
springs inside the slots or grooves in which they work. The steam is admitted
into a steam chamber, bolted outside the cylinder, and partly surrounding it, and
it passes through a number of small holes into the cylinder, and, by pressing
against slides or diaphragms, turns round the roller and main shaft to which it
is connected. If found desirable, the roller may be cast in one piece only, the
grooves or slots for the slides being cast therein. Each end of the cylinder is

page_text: grooved, and a packing ring placed in the groove to keep it steam-tight. On
this ring is fitted a cap or cover, fitting inside the outer casing of the cylinder.
This cap is grooved to admit the slides, which are made rather longer than the
cylinder. The cap is bolted fast to the roller at each end of the axle, and the
axle or driving shaft may be cast with the cap, or with the roller when the latter
is in one piece. Over all at each end is an entire cover, through the centre of
which the axle passes, the roller being thereby kept in its proper position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING, BAKING, AND DRYING
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dray at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th November 1855.
I, WILLIAM DRAY, of Swan Lane, in the City of London, Agricultural
Implement Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING, BAKING, AND DRYING," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists in surrounding a vessel or chamber with a serpentine
or worm-like flue, and in causing heat from a furnace or fire-place, or hot air,
or other heating medium to travel in the flue round and round the vessel
prior to its finding its exit into the atmosphere through a chimney or not.
The shape of the vessel will of course vary according to the work it has to
perform. I put an outside casing to the flue, and cover it if need be with
some non-conducting material, to prevent, as far as may be, heat passing off
from the vessel or chamber to be heated. The whole may be mounted upon
wheels, and made to form a portable apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adrien Jackson, Eli Kershaw, and
Joseph Roberts at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 1st June 1855.
We, ADRIEN JACKSON and ELI KERSHAW, both of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Power Loom Overlookers, and JOSEPH ROBERTS, of
Failsworth, near Manchester aforesaid, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING" to be as
follows:-
Our Invention consists, firstly, of working the operations of picking and
shedding by a sun and planet motion, instead of the methods now adopted;
secondly, of obtaining a positive delivery motion by means of a ratchet wheel,
giving a surface traversing motion; and, thirdly, of using a double weft motion
connected by one rod.
AN IMPROVED DRILL & BIT STOCK
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Frederick Stansbury at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd March 1855.-A communication.
I, CHARLES FREDERICK STANSBURY, of the firm of Nourse & Co., American
& General Patent Agents, of No. 17 & 18, Cornhill, London, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED DRILL & BIT STOCK,"
communication from a foreigner residing abroad, to be as follows :—
The improvement consists in so constructing the drill stock, that by means
of a reciprocating motion of the handle a continuous rotatory motion in one
direction is given to the drill or bit. This has long been a desideratum, as
the drill stocks in common use reverse the motion of the drill at every stroke,
thus losing half the time & unnecessarily wearing the tool. My drill stock
wears the tool much less & loses no time.
In making my improved stock, I employ a metallic rod similar in transverse
section to those usually employed for such a purpose; but instead of giving it
a similar twist throughout, I twist one half of its length to the right & the
other half to the left. On the rod thus twisted I place loosely a sliding
handle, having ratchet teeth in each of its ends, corresponding with the teeth
of two slides placed respectively on each end of the rod. These slides fit so
closely to the rod as to cause it to revolve, when a reciprocating motion is

page_text: imparted to them. They are loosely held in place by means of caps on the
ends of the sliding handle; the handle is of such a length as to prevent the
slides from passing the middle of the rod.
The operation is as follows:-When the handle is raised, its upper ratchet
teeth engage those of the upper slide, which, being thus fixed, imparts rotatory
motion to the rod. When the motion of the handle is reversed, the upper
slide is released; the lower ratchet teeth of the handle engage those of the
lower slide, which in its turn becomes fixed, & imparts rotation to the rod.
The rod having a different twist on its lower half from that of the upper, the
lower slide in descending gives motion to the rod in the same direction with
that imparted to it by the ascent of the upper slide.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN TAPS OR VALVES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Cartwright at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th December
1855.
I, JOSEPH CARTWRIGHT, of Hyde, in the County of Chester, Millwright and
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TAPS OR VALVES" to be as follows:-
Firstly, I make the seating of the valve and the valve itself of a plane
surface, instead of concave and convex as hitherto adopted; secondly, I make
two or more apertures through the said valve and seating, to allow the fluid
to pass through; and, thirdly, I form a seating by the nut itself to prevent the
necessity of packing, which I accomplish by forming on the valve spindle a
second shoulder, so that when the nut is screwed up to it a second seating is
formed, and the necessity of packing thus prevented.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CLEANSING LINEN AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1855

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Moseley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th October 1855.
I, JOHN MOSELEY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR CLEANSING LINEN AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS" to be as
follows:-
My Invention of improvements in machinery for washing and cleansing
linen and other fibrous materials, consists of a machine, into one end of which
the clothes or fabrics to be washed are placed, and after passing through the
machine they are delivered at the opposite end washed and wrung. The
machine consists of an iron vessel supported by a suitable framing. The vessel
contains the heated water, in which the clothes or fabrics are to be washed.
At each end of the iron trough or vessel are fitted rollers, round which an
endless band or belt of canvas or other suitable material travels; by this
means the clothes or fabrics when put in at one end of the machine are
carried through and delivered at the other. In their passage the clothes or
fabrics pass over two rollers placed across the bottom of the iron trough or
washing vessel; above these rollers are fitted a series of beaters or stampers,
which are alternately raised by a wheel having radial arms projecting from its
periphery. The surfaces of the rollers and the lower ends of the beaters are
covered with vulcanized india-rubber or other suitable elastic material, for the

page_text: purpose of preventing injury to the clothes or fabrics. After they have passed
under the beaters or stampers, they are further acted upon by a series of rollers,
rotating nearly in contact with the endless band, but so fitted that they rise and
fall according to the thickness of the material passing beneath them. At the
delivery end of the machine are two rollers, between which the clothes or
fabrics pass; these rollers press the water out of the clothes, delivering them
as clean as if they had been washed and wrung by hand. The foregoing is a
brief and general outline of the nature of my Invention, the details of which I
reserve a right to vary as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSER FLYERS FOR ROVING FRAMES AND OTHER MACHINES OF THE LIKE NATURE
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Mitchell and James Entwisle
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
24th May 1855.
We, JOHN MITCHELL, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Roller and
Spindle Maker, and JAMES ENTWISLE, of the same Place, Foreman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSER FLYERS
FOR ROVING FRAMES AND OTHER MACHINES OF THE LIKE NATURE" to be as
follows:-
Our improvements consist in making the bearing through which the vertical
shank of the presser passes with an inclined surface, on which a projection
from the presser shank acts. A spring of wire is coiled round the shank of the
pressure, and abuts against the bearing; or the presser may be acted upon by
a spring of the ordinary construction, and the socket made with an inclined
slot, fitting on a projection from the flyer leg. By this arrangement, when the
presser moves outwards, according to the increasing diameter of the rovings
wound on the bobbin, the incline above referred causes it to slide upwards,
and at the same time the spring is compressed, thereby producing the requisite
pressure on the presser.
A SYSTEM OF RAILWAYS TO BE USED IN THE INTERIOR OF CITIES AND Towns
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julien Aimable Telle at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st February 1855.
I, JULIEN AIMABLE TELLE, of Paris, in the Empire of France, and of
32, Essex Street, Strand, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A SYSTEM OF RAILWAYS TO BE USED IN THE INTERIOR OF CITIES AND
Towns," to be as follows, viz. :-
This Invention relates to several improved modes for establishing railways
in streets of towns without obstructing the thoroughfares or otherwise inter-
fering with public circulation. I effect this by making through the quarters
through which the railway is to pass a deep cutting, in which I lay down one
or several lines of rail as may be desired. Along this cutting I build on
one or both sides a row of houses which come close to the railway, in such
manner that they may be used for letting passengers get in and out, and for
loading and unloading the goods. The railway, when not laid down in a
cutting as described, is supported at a suitable elevation above the level of
the street on a succession of arches, by means of which the smaller crossings
are effected, the larger ones, such as main streets, canals, &c., requiring
bridges.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MARINE STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1855

page_text: on Jor
by the Act.)
rous
given
prescrived
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Weallens and George
Arthur Crow at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 13th April 1855.
We, WILLIAM WEALLENS, of 12, Elswick Villas, Newcastle-on-Tyne,
Mechanical Engineer, and GEORGE ARTHUR CROW, of Forth Street, Newcastle-
on-Tyne, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MARINE STEAM ENGINES" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar arrangement or combination of the
piston rods, air pumps, and bilge and feed pumps of marine engines, whereby
greater compactness is obtained, as well as an increased length of connecting
rod. The arrangement consists in taking the piston rod or rods of a marine
engine direct to the air pump or pumps of such engine, and passing them
through the same, the working power or force of the engine being brought
back by any of the ordinary and well-known mechanical arrangements to the
cranks, which, with the main shaft, are placed between the cylinders and air
pumps.
The air pump or pumps, together with the feed or bilge pump or pumps,
are placed in one and the same centre line with the cylinder or cylinders.
THE USE OF A THICKENER FOR MORDANTS AND COLORS FOR PRINTING WOVEN FABRICS, WHICH THICKENER HAS NOT BEEN HITHERTO USED FOR SUCH PURPOSES
Year: 1855

page_text: by the Axcl.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Higgin at the Office of the
Commissioniers of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th March 1855.
I, JANES HIGGIN, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "THE USE OF A THICKENER FOR MORDANTS AND COLORS FOR PRINTING WOVEN
FABRICS, WHICH THICKENER HAS NOT BEEN HITHERTO USED FOR SUCH PURPOSES," to be
as follows:-
I
propose to use the flour of barley as a thickener for mordants and colors
used in printing woven fabrics, the said flour of barley to be well dressed so as
to remove the bran. I propose to use it in the same manner as starch, wheat
flour, or the ordinary gum substitute are used, namely, by boiling the mordant
or color with so much of the flour as will render it of convenient thickness
for printing; or a mixture may be made of barley flour, with other thick-
ening substances, as wheat flour, starch, sago, or similar products in any
suitable proportions, and the mordant or color thickened with the said
mixture.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF COLLAPSIBLE HAT OR BONNET
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Chickall Jay at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th October
1855. A communication.
I, WILLIAM CHICKALL JAY, of Regent Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Warehouseman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF COLLAPSIBLE HAT OR BONNET" to be as follows:-
The object of the present Invention is to manufacture hats or bonnets in
such a manner that they may be capable of being compressed or collapsed into
a small space, for the convenience of stowage or carriage, without destroying
or impairing the elegance of the article.
In order to effect this object, the material of which the article, whether hat
or bonnet, is to be made, is sewn on or adapted to a framing made either of
whalebone, cane, metal, or other suitable material. This framing consists of
any suitable number of jointed ribs, extending from the brim to the edge of the
crown of the hat or bonnet. The joints of the ribs are situated at the angle
formed by the junction of the brim with the body of the article, and when
the hat or bonnet is to be collapsed, the ribs are folded back into a vertical
position.
In order to maintain the hat or bonnet in shape when extended, two, four,
or any other suitable and convenient number of moveable rigid ribs are inserted

page_text: with the jointed ribs at proper distances apart, and are made to slide in and
out of tucks or other equivalent contrivances made for the purpose, so that
when it is desired to collapse the hat or bonnet, the rigid ribs may be drawn
back and the jointed ribs allowed to be folded up.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF CEMENTS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Roberts at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th September
1855.
I, JOHN ROBERTS, of Upnor, in the County of Kent, Potter, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CEMENTS" to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to prepare for the market cements of various
colors, which cements may be employed in various ways for decorative
purposes.
In carrying out iny Invention, I prepare the colors by grinding, and I then
mix them in suitable proportions with portland or other cement. To ensure a
thorough mixing of the color and cement, I next pass the compound once,
twice, or more times through a fine sieve. As an example of the coloring
matters which I propose to employ, I may mention that to produce a jet
black color I mix lamp black with the cement, and to obtain certain tints of
red and yellow I use venetian red and yellow ochre.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OIL LAMPS, GENERALLY TERMED MODERATORS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATIO
onn Green at the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th June 1855.
I; JOHN GREEN, of No. 27, Charlotte Street, Portland Place, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OIL LAMPS, GENERALLY TERMED MODERATORS," to be as
follows:-
My improvements consist in the arrangement and construction of lamps
(which are generally termed moderators) in such a manner that they can be
taken to pieces, so that each piece or part can be cleaned or repaired when
required without the necessity of unsoldering of the oil reservoir, or the assist-
ance of a lamp maker.
I also make the lamp without the rack and pinion for raising of the piston
by means of a sliding tube, which will gradually descend as the oil is forced
-from-underneath-the-piston-by the pressure of a spring; or, by first sliding
up the tube, to which is attached the spring and piston, and then sliding down
the tube and securing it, which will compress the spring on the piston for the
forcing up of the oil to the burner.

page_text: I also propose to draw up the plunger by means of a band, gut, or chain
winding round a small spindle, or a rack may be used as in the ordinary.
manner.
I also propose to have a sliding valve on the piston, so that the first action
in drawing up the piston is to open the valve so as to allow the oil to flow
through or by it, by which means the piston draws with ease.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOKBINDING
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Omer Jean Henry, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th August
1855.
I, OMER JEAN HENRY, 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of
France, & of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Gentleman, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOKBINDING to be as
follows, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in the preparation of cloth for bookbinding, so as to
give it the aspect of leather. I prepare the dressing for the cloth by passing
one or several coats of colors reduced to powder with linseed oil over the cloth
to be employed, & dry it in a stove heated 50° or 60°. When the dressing
is dry, I polish the surface with pummice stone, & apply a varnish composed:
of copal dissolved in spirits of wine. The cloth may then be gilt, stamped, &
embossed by submitting it to typographic presses & other known machines
applicable thereto.
A MACHINE FOR SPLITTING LEATHER, AND FOR ANALOGOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1855

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Frederick Stansbury at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th August 1855.-A communication.
I, CHARLES FREDERICK STANSBURY, of the firm of Nourse & Co., American
& General Patent Agents, of No. 67, Gracechurch Street, London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A MACHINE FOR SPLITTING
LEATHER, AND FOR ANALOGOUS PURPOSES," a communication from M. H. Merrian
& Joseph B. Crosby, of Massachusetts, in the United States of America,
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, first, of a new and improved arrangement of a
cutting apparatus for machines for splitting or shaving leather or india-rubber,
for cutting hair from skins, and for other analogous purposes. For these pur-
poses I produce what is termed a "drawing cut," by the employment of a disc
cutter, having a simultaneous rotary and reciprocating movement relative to
the machine in a plane at right angles to the axis of rotation.
Second, of certain devices for feeding or drawing the leather or other flexible
material, and confining the same in close contact with a gauge bed or bar, and
consists in using an endless apron passing over an elevated bed and rollers,
combined with another roller having a greater surface speed than that of
the apron.

page_text: Third, of certain devices for obtaining an increased feed or draft, for the
purpose of drawing out the puckers which exist in sides of leather, or which
may be caused by the operation of the machine, the same consisting in so con-
structing one of the draft rollers that it shall have a greater surface speed in
some portions of it than in others.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INCREASING, EXHAUSTING, OR REGULATING FLUIDS AND INDICATING PRESSURE
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Ludewick Han Danchell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th April 1855.
I, FREDERICK LUDEWICK HAN DANCHELL, of 4, Arthur Terrace, Caledonian
Road, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INCREASING, EXHAUSTING,
OR REGULATING FLUIDS AND INDICATING PRESSURE," to be as follows:-
The said Invention consists in the exhaustion or partial exhaustion of vessels
or tubes containing fluids or gases, and in causing the rise or fall of liquids,
gases, or solid bodies; or the extension or compression of a spring or springs
or other elastic bodies for regulating and indicating pressure, such as steam
in a boiler, the force of the wind, the strength of the lungs; or currents
of water, by means of a jet or jets of steam, air, water, or other fluid. The
said jet or jets is made to pass into an open tube, and by its passage through
the tube, into which tube an orifice is made communicating with the vessel
or vessels to be exhausted, producing in them (the vessel or vessels) the corre-
sponding amount of exhaustion or partial exhaustion for such purposes as may
be required in proportion to the velocity and force of the jet or jets; or the
said jet or jets in their passage through an open tube, in which an orifice is

page_text: made, communicating with the vessel or tube containing the liquid or elastic
or solid body used as the medium for indication, produces in them the
corresponding amount of rarefaction or exhaustion, or partial exhaustion;
or causing the liquids or elastic or solid body. to rise or fall, or the springs
or other elastic medium to be compressed or extended, as the case may be, in
proportion to the velocity and force of the jet or jets.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MA- CHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Myers at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th June 1855.
I, EDWARD MYERS, of Rotherham, in the County of York, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MA-
CHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of rota-
tory pump or engine for raising liquids, and consists in the application and use
of a pair of toothed or fluted drums gearing into each other, and rotated by
hand or power inside a suitable chamber formed in the suction pipe. The
edges of these drums which bear against the inside of the chamber may be
formed of vulcanized india-rubber or other material of a similar nature, or the
drums may be formed altogether of some hard substance, and may bear at
their outer edges against an india-rubber lining fitted inside the chamber.
The water or other liquid to be elevated is carried round in the flutings or
recesses formed on the drums, the packing or lining of india-rubber or other
material preventing it from returning or falling back again after being once
elevated above the drums. These drums are constructed to gear together per-
fectly close, so that no back leakage shall take place between their contact
surfaces. The spindles of the drums work through stuffing boxes in the sides

page_text: of the chamber, and may be geared together if desirable by spur wheels, and
fitted with a fast and loose driving pulley: if intended to be driven by steam or
other motive power, a fly wheel may also be fitted on to one of the spindles, if
found requisite.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING FABRICS WITH METAL LEAF
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Pierre Joseph Carré, of Asnières Seine, France, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING FABRICS WITH METAL
LEAF."
Sealed the 31st July 1855, and dated the 5th February 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Pierre Joseph Carré at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th February 1855.
I, PIERRE JOSEPH CARRÉ, of Asnières Seine, France, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING FABRICS WITH METAL
LEAF to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in embossing fabrics, and in printing or covering
the embossed parts with metal leaf. The fabric to be thus ornamented is
cemented or fastened on to paper, cardboard, or other suitable material, and
is then embossed by a block, on which a suicable pattern is cut, and is at the
same time printed with a suitable mordant for attaching the metal leaf. This
metal leaf is spread on a sheet of paper, prepared with an unctuous or other.
body, suitable for temporarily attaching the leaf to the paper. The sheet of
paper with the leaf thereon is then placed on the engraved block; over it is

page_text: placed accurately by register points the fabric already embossed and printed
with mordant, and the whole is covered by several folds of cloth, then pressed
and heated while under pressure, so as to cause the leaf to adhere firmly.
Finally, the fabric is removed from the press, separated from the paper, card-
board, or other material to which it was attached, and any superfluous leaf is
removed by brushing.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN FURNACES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Hopkinson, junior, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
August 1855.
I, the said JOSEPH HOPKINSON, junior, of Huddersfield, in the County of
York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN FURNACES" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in forming furnaces with a raised portion in the
central part of the fire bars, such raised portion being provided with a series of
openings constituting a surface similar to that of the ordinary bars. These
openings I incline to facilitate the use of the rake, and the whole I so form
that it decreases in elevation as it extends from the back part of the furnace
towards the dead plate. This apparatus may be cast in one or more pieces,
or may be constructed by fixing together a number of bars.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN GUN SIGHTS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Ball at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th November
1855.
I, HENRY BALL, of Great Russell Street, Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Gun Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN GUN SIGHTS" to be as follows:-
My improvement consists in having a solid top elevation to the leaf or
standard of the gun sight.
2nd, a reversal of the slide spring, thereby rendering the view more distinct,
and the construction more simple.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CORKS AND BUNGS."
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Théodore Augustin Claeijs, of Bruxelles, in the
Kingdom of Belgium, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF CORKS AND BUNGS.""
+
Sealed the 15th April 1856, and dated the 16th October 1855.
3-
Ther
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Théodore Augustin Clacijs
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
-16th October-1855.
I, THEODORE AUGUSTIN CLAEIJS, of Bruxelles, in the Kingdom of Belgium,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CORKS AND BUNGS" to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the manufacture of corks and bungs
relates to a novel or improved arrangement for cutting corks and bungs by
mechanical means instead of by hand.
The strips of cork are first divided into square rods or parallelopipeds by
means of segmental excentric knives, which are mounted upon rotating discs,
the strip of cork being held upon a support against a moveable adjusting piece,
which regulates the size of the pieces of cork to be cut. The square pieces
of cork are next carried to the rounding machine, which serves to give
them the required cylindrical or conical form. For this purpose, these

page_text: square strips of cork are fed one by one on to a square carrier, which is
capable of rising and falling in guides, and. supplies the square pieces of
cork singly to revolving rods, or chucks: above. On the ascent of the square
carrier, these chucks will be caused to approach each other, and take hold
of the ends of the square of cork, which is held firmly therein by means
of teeth on the chucks. Immediately on these latter seizing the cork they
will begin to revolve, and will at the same time be acted upon by a seg-
mental knife, mounted upon the outside of a wheel set at an angle to the
cork carrier, and which knife will shave off the angles of the cork. This
segmental knife is immediately followed by a second knife of a similar form,
set nearer to the material to be operated upon, and which, by taking off
another slice while the square is made slowly to rotate on its axis, gives to the
cork the requisite round form. As soon as the cork is finished the chucks will
open, and the cork being pushed or freed therefrom by means of rods sliding
backwards and forwards inside the hollow-shafts which carry the chucks, will
fall into a receptacle below; at the same time another square of, cork having
been placed on the square carrier by the attendant, this carrier will, rise and
transfer the square of cork to the chucks, when it will be operated upon in like
manner. The corks are now carried to another machine to have their ends
trimmed, which operation is effected by means of knives of. a similar shape to
those of the first machine, mounted upon. revolving discs, a regulator deter-
mining the amount of material to be removed.
By this arrangement it will be understood that the cork can be fashioned
from the square by a single operation, which has not hitherto been effected,
two or more separate machines having been required for that purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SCREW AND OTHER SUB- MERGED PROPELLERS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Trotman at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th May 1855.
I, JOHN TROTMAN, of 42, Cornhill, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SCREW AND OTHER SUB-
MERGED PROPELLERS" to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the use of gutta percha or a compound
thereof, or of india-rubber compounded with sulphur and changed by heat, in
the constructing or making of screw and submerged propellers, and thus to
obtain lighter and at the same time strong and elastic propellers.
A NEW APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING SMOKE
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hammant at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd July 1855..
I, WILLIAM HAMMANT, of No. 1, Standfield Street, Stepney, in the County
of Middlesex, Cabinet Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "A NEW APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING SMOKE" to be as follows:-
That by the construction of an air-tight apparatus to be affixed over the top
or flue of any stove or furnace, and thereby preventing the ascent of the smoke
to be generated in such stove or furnace into those parts of the chimney or
chimney shaft situate above the said apparatus, and by affixing to some con-
venient part of such apparatus a metal tube communicating therewith, and
opening at one end thereof into some part of the space between the fire and
the top of the air-tight apparatus, and the other end of such tube being
conveyed into the tank, herein-after described, a communication will thus be
opened for the conveyance of the smoke into such tank. That by inserting in
such tube a screw, which shall, whilst the condensing apparatus is in use, be
kept constantly revolving in one direction, a vacuum is created, and the smoke
so generated will be drawn through such tube and forced into the said tank.
That the size of such tube is to be regulated according to the quantity of
smoke-it-is-intended to convey, and the screw to be inserted therein is to be

page_text: kept revolving by the application of any ordinary clock-work machinery to be
applied thereto, or by steam machinery in places where steam machinery is
used, according to the circumstances of the case. That connected to the
foregoing apparatus is to be set up or affixed in some convenient place a tank,
to be made of timber in preference to metal, such tank to be of a size and
shape to be regulated according to circumstances, and in which tank is to be
placed a sufficient quantity of common lime water to raise the surface of such
lime water above the end of the said tube which is inserted in the tank.
"
That by the means aforesaid, the smoke arising. from any fire in any such
stove or furnace having been brought into contact with the lime water, the
carbonic acid gas generated by the combustion of coals will be entirely
absorbed, and the component parts of the smoke will be condensed in the fluid
contained in the tank, and the residue formed therefrom will become available
for manure and many other useful purposes.
The tank and tube and other apparatus can be made applicable to stoves
and furnaces in factories, and in private houses and other buildings, and
several stoves or furnaces may be connected with one tank, and thereby the
necessity of chimneys or chimney shafts, except for the purposes of ventilation,
be entirely avoided.
That the residue formed by condensing smoke as aforesaid could be removed
at stated times, varying according to circumstances from one week to one
month or more without inconvenience.
AN IMPROVED SEED PLANTER
Year: 1855

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Frederick Stansbury at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
August 1855. A communication.
I, CHARLES FREDERICK STANSBURY, of the firm of Nourse & Co., American
& General Patent Agents, of No. 67, Gracechurch Street, London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SEED PLANTER,"
a communication from Edgar M. Stevens, Joseph B. Crosby, and J. W.
Pearson, all of Massachusetts, in the United States of America, to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to supply by cheap machinery the place of
skilled labor in the agricultural operations of broadcast sowing and drill
planting. Its nature consists in the employment of a peculiar feed and dis-
tributing apparatus, so arranged and operating as to prevent the accidents
which are apt to be caused by irregularities in the surface of the ground. We
make use of feed rollers with elastic surfaces in connection with an expanding
tube spreader, and this combination is what we claim and desire to secure by
Letters Patent.
A NEW MEDICINAL LOTION, TO BE CALLED THE CRIMEAN NEURALGIC SPECIFIC
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Lanchester Neale at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
July 1855.
I, CHARLES LANCHESTER NEALE, of 1, Chapel Place, Cavendish Square,
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
MEDICINAL LOTION, TO BE CALLED THE CRIMEAN NEURALGIC SPECIFIC," to be as
follows:-
The use of this lotion to all affections of the nerves or neuralgic complaints
after one or more applications effects a speedy and infallible cure, but will in all
instances give immediate relief; it consists of three liquid ingredients (of the
ordinary commercial strength): one pint of rose water distilled, one table
spoonsfull of the best distilled white vinegar, and six drops of laudanum. The
proportions of this lotion may be altered, arriving at nearly the same beneficial
effect, but the above quantities are recommended. It is to be applied to the
parts affected on a piece of linen, and gently.rubbed over the painful part until
the pain ceases, which will speedily take place. This lotion does not leave any
marks on the painful part, as is generally the case with other lotions, balsams,
or compounds used for the above ailments.