Glass Blowing Machine.
Year: 1897

page_text: I, LUDWIG GROTE, Manager of Works, of 84B, East India Dock Road, Poplar,
in the County of London, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The invention in question relates to a contrivance for the simplification in the
manufacture of glass bottles and other objects made of this material.
Into the downward looking opening of the form for the neck of the bottle,
fastened on the upper side of a girating plate, by means of a lever a conic mandrel
is introduced, by means of which the liquid mass poured into the upper opening
of the form can gather round the conic mandril so that in the liquid mass of glass
a natural canal is formed. Thereupon the plate on which the form is fastened
is turned round by means of a turn-table placed in an upright, so that by this
movement the form which at first was at the upper end of the plate comes to be
placed below. As soon as the form has reached this lower position and has been
properly closed by a suitable bottom which can be moved up and down by a lever
contrivance the conic mandrel is withdrawn by means of the main lever, whereby
the above mentioned natural canal is formed.
The conic mandril is in connection with an air conductor, so that as soon as the
natural canal in the glass is formed by the withdrawal of the conic mandrel the
liquid glass can be blown by forcing air into it.
Dated this 19th day of May 1897.
Glass Blowing Machine.
I, LUDWIG GROTE, Manager of Works, of 84B, East India Dock Road, Poplar, E.,
in the County of London, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
-
The present invention relates to a machine for the manufacture of bottles and
other hollow objects made of glass, and serves especially the purpose of blowing in
the form the lumps of liquid glass necessary for the manufacture of such articles
made of glass. The process and the use of the machine are very simple and enable

page_text: the manufacturer to produce such articles in faultless quality and with very great
rapidity.
In the accompanying drawings the glass blowing machine is represented in two
forms in which it may be constructed:
Sheet I, Fig. 1, shows one way of constructing the machine in side-view and
partially in section.
Sheet II, Fig. 2 shows the machine in another form of construction in side-view
with arrangement for double working.
Fig. 3 gives the same machine in front elevation.
Figs. 4, 5 & 6 represent in detail the chief working parts in different views and
sections.
Figs. 7 to 10 illustrate the various effects of the process upon the liquid mass
of glass..
With reference to Fig. 1 the machine is constructed as follows:
Into the opening of the neck of a "form" B which is turned upside down and
fastened to the upper end of a turning disc a by means of a lever 6 a conical man-
drel c which is tapered into a point, is introduced, through which the liquid mass
of glass introduced through the upper opening e of the form B can gather around
the mandrel c so that a small canal is formed in the liquid mass. Thereupon the
disc a by means of a spindle g placed on a support f is turned round so that
the form B fixed by the arms m to the disc a comes to be placed below and at the
same time in inverted position with regard to its previous one, viz. with its mouth
upwards.
Now, as soon as the form B by the agency of a convenient falling-board h which
can be moved up and down by a lever i has reached its lower position (now B¹)
and has been properly closed, by raising the lever 6 the conical mandrel c is again
withdrawn from the form, and also from the mass of glass, by which movement
the before mentioned little canal is left in the mass of glass.
Now in order to blow air into the mass of glass, an air supply tube k is provided
which passes through the support f and the spindle g and issues from an air recip-
ient under pressure. This air supply tube is alternately in communication with
the forms B and 13 by means of convenient lengthening pieces which open
into the conducting canal o within which the conical mandrel c moves up and down.
After turning the disc a the mandrel c by lifting the lever b is sufficiently with-
drawn from the form B₁, the air under pressure will rush from the supply tube k
and from the lengthening pieces k¹ pass the conical mandrel into the canal left
in the mass of glass and will easily blow out the glass in the form. This occurs
after every turning of the disc a so that the form which happens to be below
always serves to blow out the mass of glass, and the upper one serves to fill the
form.
Figs. 2 to 10 represents the other way of construction of the same machine,
which has proved extremely efficient for the purpose.
This machine and the manner in which it works consist principally in the cir-
cumstance that the liquid mass of glass by pressure in a form is first provided with
a head of which the neck of the bottle will afterwards be formed, whereupon the
form is removed from the mass of glass still in a fairly liquid state, after which
the mass of glass hanging on to the neck already formed and which subsequently
is to form the body and bottom of the bottle is allowed to cool so far that it is pre-
vented from separating by drops, but remains still sufficiently plastic, at which
juncture the proper form is placed around it and the bottle is blown out.
In this manner an accurate and uniform shaping of the bottle is obtained and
this process is of great influence upon the faultless formation of the bottom of
the bottle, which part would otherwise be obtained by machinery only in a very
imperfect state. Fig. 7 to 10 clearly illustrate the effect of this process.
As shown in Fig. 7 under ordinary circumstances the mass of the glass after re-
moving the first form would tend to drop off at the lower end, the consequence
of which would be a faulty setting of the bottom form f (Fig. 8), and the bottom

page_text: especially under the influence of the diametrically entering stream of compressed
air would either turn out with a hole in its middle or at least would remain too thin.
Fig. 9 and 10 show the favorable effect of the above described previous-treat-
ment (chilling) of the mass of glass before putting on the bottom form. Fig. 10
shows how the lower chilled part distributes itself evenly over very high bottom
forms and how the upper not chilled part descends in the most regular way re-
sulting in a uniform, solid and perfect bottom.
Fig. 2 to 6, show the machine to be composed of the frame a, against which
is placed a hollow axle c, which is connected with the recipient for compressed
air and around which a form d revolves.
Above the form d is an easily worked axially moveable stamp e. Underneath
the form a table or board f is placed, which supports another form h which latter
consists of two parts and is generally folded up backwards (Fig. 3). but can be
put up by a pedal f¹.
In Fig. 2 this second form is omitted to show the drawing more clearly.
The arrangement of the form d turnable around the axle c (the chief working
part is represented in detail in Fig. 4 in longitudinal section and is as follows:
d is the form proper, which consists of two longitudinal halves, which are
hinge-like turnable around the axle k fixed on the disc i and can easily be closed
firmly together by the key which serves as a handle. To this form is joined
a second one d¹ which is arranged on the same principle and constitutes the form
for the neck of the bottle, as can be seen in Fig. 4.
On the other side of form d is a plate d² which serves for the preliminary treat-
ment of the bottom of bottle to be produced as described before. Its arrange-
ment is the same as that of forms & and d'.
From the hollow axle c a tube c¹ branches off over form d' and through this
tube, as well as through the upper form da plunger m is conducted into the
interior of the chief form d. This plunger is provided with a laterally issuing
canal n, which on raising the plunger by means of the lever m¹ enters into com-
munication with the compressed air conduit c¹.
This arrangement is set to work for the purpose of carrying out the above men-
tioned process in the following manner:
First the form d is turned around so that the head or neck-form d¹ looks down-
wards (Fig. 6 and Fig. 2 on the left).
Afterwards a sufficient quantity of liquid glass is poured in, the plate d² being the
while removed and by forcing in the stamp e it is pressed into the neck form d¹,
at which movement the plunger m protrudes mandrel-like into the mass of glass
and causes the pressed neck to become hollow.
Thereupon the stamp e is again withdrawn and the form turned the other way
around (Fig. 4 and Fig. 2 on the right).
Now the form is opened to the full extent so that the mass of glass is suspended
freely over the table f from the neck still held by form and in consequence
of its softness assumes a somewhat lengthened shape. Then the plate d is brought
forward, so that the mass of glass comes to rest on it with the part that will here-
after form the bottom of the bottle.
This plate, in consequence of its not having been used before and owing to its
light and thin substance and by its being easily moved up and down, will be at
a lower temperature than form d and the mass of glass, and the latter will be
cooled so much on extent by placing this plate under it that a spreading of this
part will be avoided, but it will still remain sufficiently soft to be plastic.
The plate is henceforth removed and by treading down the pedal f¹ the form
proper for the bottle or other object is laid around the freely suspended shapeless
mass of glass and closed in any convenient manner (Fig. 5).
The definite formation of the bottle is caused by raising the plunger m until
the mouth of its canal meets the opening of the compressed air conduit c¹ and
the air now driven into the mass of glass effectuates the pressure of the glass
against the walls of the form and completes the bottle.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1) A glass blowing machine for the manufacture of bottles and other objects
of glass characterized by the circumstance that in the neck openings of two
forms B B placed on a revolving disc a by means of a lever b a conical mandrel c
moving in o can alternately be introduced and withdrawn, for the purpose that
on the one hand the liquid mass of glass poured into the upper form may gather
round the mandrel, and on the other hand that after the mandrel has been with-
drawn a small canal remains in the mass of glass (Fig. 1).
2) In the machine specified under Claim One the introduction of air under
pressure through supply tubes connected with the form in such a manner, that
as soon as the mandrel c has been sufficiently withdrawn from the lower form
the air penetrates into the mass of glass and into the canal formed by the mandrel,
whereby the liquid mass of glass is blown out in the form (Fig. 1).
3) A glass blowing machine for the manufacture of bottles and similar hollow
glass bodies consisting in the fact, that the liquid mass of glass through pressure
in a form is first provided with a neck, whereupon the form is removed from the
still soft mass of glass, so that the latter while kept back by the already finished
neck before putting it on the bottom f of the finishing form is chilled or cooled
in its lower part which will ultimately form the bottom of the bottle, so that this
part whil being prevented from spreading is still kept plastic, when the form
proper is laid around it and the bottle is blown.
4) For carrying out the process described under Claim Three a contrivance con-
sisting of a preliminary form d revolvable above the mainform h which open in
flaps, underneath being placed a plate, spoon or such like for the purpose of
chilling the lower part of the mass of glass previous to placing it on the bottom
of the finishing form.
Data: 011 1
T
1000