matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR METHOD EMPLOYED IN TREATING WASTE OR IMPURE WATERS FROM FULLING, MILLING, AND SCOURING MILLS, AND FROM OTHER SCOURING PROCESSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Hallsworth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th September 1878.
SAMUEL HALLSWORTH, of Armley, near Leeds, in the County of York. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR METHOD EMPLOYED IN TREATING WASTE OR
IMPURE WATERS FROM FULLING, MILLING, AND SCOURING MILLS, AND FROM OTHER
SCOURING PROCESSES."
My improvements are for the purpose of treating the waste waters (commonly
called "seak") from fulling, milling, and scouring mills, and from other scouring
processes, and obtaining therefrom the greasy soapy matter.
I employ the liquid or liquor that is or may be obtained from beds of iron
pyrites, as described in the Specification of the Letters Patent granted unto myself
and Richard Bailes, dated 9th October 1874, No. 3459. A quantity of the waste
water or "scak" is run into a tank or other suitable receptacle, and a sufficient
quantity of the above-named liquid or liquor is added and well mixed there with
until the waste water under treament becomes "cracked;" then the greasy soapy
matter which floats on the top is removed after the thin liquid has been run off.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOWING AND REAPING MACHINES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Hickman, of Cardington, in the County of
Bedford, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOWING AND REAPING
MACHINES."
Sealed the 24th September 1878, and dated the 3rd April 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Hickman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd April 1878.
CHARLES HICKMAN, of Cardington, in the County of Bedford.
IN MOWING AND REAPING MACHINES.'
"
"IMPROVEMENTS
This Invention relates to improvements in the method of actuating the knives or
cutters of mowing and reaping machines.
For this purpose in place of using the ordinary connecting rod and crank pin,
which is so liable to break and get out of repair, I actuate the knife or cutter by
means of a grooved cam driven by suitable gearing. A pin and friction roller is
mounted on the stem of the upper blade which enters the groove on the cam,
which in its revolution imparts a rapid reciprocating movement to the cutter. By
this arrangement the mechanism for actuating the cutter is greatly simplified, and
is not liable to get out of repair.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by the
said Charles Hickman in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 2nd October
1878.
CHARLES HICKMAN, of Cardington, in the County of Bedford.
IN MOWING AND REAPING MACHINES."
“IMPROVEMENTS
This Invention relates to improvements in the method of actuating the knives
or cutters of mowing and reaping machines.
And in order that my Invention may be clearly understood and readily carried
into practice, I will proceed to describe the Drawing hereto annexed, which shows
so much of a plan of a mowing or reaping machine as will enable me to describe
my improvements as applied thereto.
In place of using the ordinary connecting rod and crank pin, which is so liable
to break and get out of repair, according to my improvements I actuate the knifo
or cutter a by means of a grooved cam b driven by suitable gearing actuated by
driving wheel c, as clearly shown in the Drawing. A pin and friction roller b¹ is
mounted on the stem of the upper blade which enters the groove on the cam b,
which in its revolution imparts a rapid reciprocating movement to the cutter. By
this arrangement the mechanism for actuating the cutter is greatly simplified, and
is not liable to get out of repair.
Having thus described the nature of my improvements, and the manner of per-
forming or carrying the same into practice, I would remark that I do not claim
any of the mechanical parts separately, which are well known and in common uso,
but what I claim is the improved arrangement and construction of mowing and
reaping machines, in which a cam b is employed to give motion to the reciprocating
knife or cutter &, substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein-before
described, and represented in the Drawing annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Hickman, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
CITTA 5 'T WITCHTY AN 101
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BREAKING OR REDUCING STONES AND ORES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Gray at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 10th October 1878.
DAVID GRAY, of Coatbridge, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BREAKING OR REDUCING STONES AND
ORES."
•
This Invention has for its object to construct machinery for breaking or reducing
stones and ores in an improved manner and so as to be more conveniently adjustable
to suit different materials.
The machinery to which the improvements are to be applied is of the well-known
kind in which the stones or ores pass down between a fixed jaw and a vibrating
jaw. In such machinery it has been customary to provide parts for varying or
adjusting the distance between the bottom of the jaws whilst the vibrating stroke
has been invariable, but by the present Invention the stroke is also made adjustable
in a simple and convenient manner, in order that when more easily broken materials
are being operated on the stroke may be increased, and vice versa. The Invention
is most conveniently applicable to the particular kind of machine in which the
crank shaft is connected by one or more short rods to the nipper end of a vibrating
lever or piece, the bottom of which forms part of the toggle couple acting directly
on the vibrating jaw. The lever is centred or fulcrumed on a bolster or block
which bears back against an inclined surface on the inner side of a block, which
is adjustable vertically for determining the distance between the bottoms of
the jaws, and the desired variation in the vibrating stroke is obtained by adjusting
the fulcrum bolster up or down the inclined face of the block behind it. This
adjustment of the fulcrum bolster is effected according to one modification by two
screws, tapped through a cross bar fixed beneath the bolster. In another modifica-
tion wedges formed on the inner ends of long screw bolts which pass through the
back of the frame act on the under side of the fulcrum bolster; and in both modifica-
tions wedge-ended screw bolts are applied to the top of the fulcrum bolster to assist
in gripping it firmly in any position in which it may be adjusted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING BLASTS OR CURRENTS OF AIR OR OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAI. SPECIFICATION left by John Emil Bennett and Aaron
Lumsden at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th August
1878.
JOHN EMIL BENNETT, of Sheffield, in the County of York, and AARON LUMSDEN,
of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, in the County of Northumberland. IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING BLASTS OR CURRENTS OF AIR OR OTHER FLUIDS."
This Invention relates to apparatus for producing currents or blasts of air or
other fluids.
This Invention consists in the employment of two or more cylinders of metal or
other suitable substance arranged one above another, or one inserted in the other;
somewhat after the manner of the tubes of a telescope, the cylinders being of
varying diameters and so formed that when inserted one within the other a space
is provided or enclosed for containing the packing to be used for rendering the
joints or connection between the cylinders air-tight.
This Invention further consists in the employment of a ring or rings of india-
rubber or other similar or suitable substance of a circular form in cross section, as
a packing for the joints as herein-after described.
In carrying into effect this Invention the cylinders will have their ends flanged
outwards and inwards, that is to say, the ends of the cylinders which pass inside
the larger cylinders are flanged outwards, and the ends that surround the smaller
cylinders are flanged inwards, by which means a space is enclosed to contain the
packing aforesaid.
In the packing space is inserted the packing ring or rings above described, and
when the cylinders are moved by drawing them in and out of one another the said
packing rings will be free to travel along the packing space, but will be retained
therein by the flanges of the cylinders, the said flanges also preserving the con-
nection between the cylinders.

page_text: The divisions and ends of the improved apparatus are of similar construction to
those of ordinary circular single and double blast bellows, and the improved
apparatus is provided or fitted with suitable valves to govern the inlet and outlet
of air, and can be operated in substantially the same manner as are those of ordinary
construction.
The apparatus above described is intended chiefly to be operated by manual
power, but larger apparatus, to be driven by steam or other power, can be con-
structed substantially as above specified, or may be fitted with metallic or other
suitable packing rings of ordinary construction.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR COMPOSING, TRANSMITTING, AND DECIPHERING SECRET TELEGRAMS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th December 1878. A communi-
cation from abroad by Messieurs. G. Schacher et Compagnie, of Paris, in the
Republic of France.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR COMPOSING, TRANSMITTING, AND DECIPHERING SECRET TELEGRAMS."
A communication from abroad by Messieurs. G. Schacher et Compagnie, of Paris,
in the Republic of France.
The improved apparatus consists in or of several alphabets or signs arranged on
concentric circles on a transmitting or recording dial, on which circles the same
letters or signs have different values given them following some given key. The
key being composed of as many letters or devices as there are moveable alphabets
employed, and their letters arranged in the order of the key, and to each other in
regard to the letter A or initial device of a fixed alphabet. The apparatus is
constructed in a convenient and suitable case or receptacle which holds it and the
various wheels, levers, pinions, and other mechanical devices, together with printing
types, rollers, and recording bands of paper employed. On the face are the dials,
composed of annular concentric plates marked with, say, 5 alphabets, Nos. 1 to 5 ;
the exterior No. 1 is a fixture, and Nos. 2 to 5 both inclusive are moveable and
adjustable independently of each other, and are fixed as desired by attachment
pieces and screws. Concentrically to these annular plates is another, furnished
with cavities or contact points that correspond with the letters of the fixed alphabet.
When the apparatus is worked the contact point of the manipulating handle is
made to make contact in the cavities. Below in the box is a type disc carrying
the same letters as the fixed alphabet, and paper bands arranged on rollers are
printed on by the said disc.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Reginald Courtenay at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th September 1878.
REGINALD COURTENAY, Bishop of Kingston, Jamaica.
AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS
This Invention has for its object to form a hat, cap, or other covering for the
head in such a manner that it may whenever required be formed by a simple
operation into a closed or nearly closed bag or float, containing sufficient air to
support at least one person in the water in case of accidental or other immersion.
For this purpose I connect to the interior of a hat or cap or other covering for the
head, by preference, near the rim or brim, a waterproof bag or continuation,
sufficiently flexible to be folded within it when the articlo is worn, and having a
ring, or loop, or light handle of any form fastened to the middle of the waterproof,
cloth, or other flexible material attached as above described. When the bag or
continuation is drawn down by the handle the bag or air-containing vessel will be
distended, and will serve as a float if the hat or cap is kept in the position in which
it is ordinarily worn. A small opening must be left near or at the bottom of the
bag or continuation for the admission of air during the operation of distending tho
vessel by drawing down the bottom of the bag or continuation. It is not necessary
that this should be provided with any valve or other means of closing it, but a
valve opening downwards, closing with a spring, and opening on slight pressure
may be added.
If desired the bag or continuation may be provided with a mouth-piece, by
blowing through which a more perfect distention of the bag or continuation may
be obtained. When the hat is being worn in the ordinary manner, and the flexible
bag or continuation is folded within it, the bag or continuation may be retained in
the upper part of the hat, and away from the head by any suitable fastening, for
example, by a flexible ring or rings bearing against the inner sides of the hat.
A NEW-OR IMPROVED WOVEN FABRIC, AND FOR THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Farrar and George Clegg at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th February 1878.
HENRY FARRAR, of Halifax, in the County of York, Worsted Manufacturer,
and GEORGE CLEGG, of the same Place, Worsted Spinner. "A NEW-OR IMPROVED
WOVEN FABRIC, AND FOR THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME."
This Invention consists in making an improved boot cloth, or imitation of the
cloth commonly known as serge-de-berrie, for covering buttons, boot-tops, similar in
appearance and equal in strength and durability to the ordinary fabric, the cost of
production being reduced. The cloth may be woven in worsted, cotton, silk, either.
combined or separately, and in either twofold or single warp or weft.
The Invention also consists in adapting the looms ordinarily used for weaving
serge-de-berries for the purpose of weaving our improved fabric. In the production
of the cloth nine heald shafts are employed, which are operated by a corresponding
number of tappits placed under the loom, the order of working being one, three,
five, seven, nine; and two, four, six, eight; by which arrangement a great amount
of warp is brought to the face of the fabric in an increased number of twills, by
which the value of the cloth is determined.
In the accompanying diagrams Fig. 1 shews the design of cloth on the face. The
dark squares represent weft, of which only a small quantity appears on the face of
the fabric, the greater portion being "floated on the back of the cloth, as shewn in
Fig. 2.
Our improvements in the loom consist in the employment of an intermediate
regulating wheel for setting the tappits, and in the employment of a suitably-
arranged spring or springs for working or pulling back the extra healds employed
instead of the ordinary weights, the result of this arrangement being that we pro-
duce a better and firmer cloth than if the warp was lifted by means of a heald,
engine, harness, or any of the usual means used for working a large number of
healds.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Riley at the Office of the
Coininissioners of Patents on the 25th June 1878.
.
WILLIAM RILEY, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Mill Manager.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES."
EC
This Invention of improvements in carding engines has for object the removal of
'fly," loose cotton, or "nep," which adhere to the edges of the fleeco during its
progress through the engine. For this purpose I employ vibrating combs arranged
one near each end of the doffer in such a manner as to operate upon the edges of
the fleece immediately before its removal from the doffer by the doffing comb.
The vibrating combs may be plates of sheet metal having their lower edges toothed
or serrated. Their position relatively to the axis of the doffer is similar to that of
the doffing comb above, excepting that the vibrating combs are placed further from
the doffer than is the doffing comb, so as to remove only such inequalities as may
project or stand out from the edges of the fleece.
The inner ends of the vibrating combs are curved or bent so as to point outwardly,
that is to say, from the doffer, so as to prevent the material removed by the vibrating
combs from again finding its way and attaching itself to the fleece.
The vibrating combs may be mounted upon the ends of fingers or arms projecting
from a vibrating shaft placed below the doffing comb shaft.
The requisite vibratory motion may be communicated to the vibrating combs by
any of the well-known methods employed for operating the doffing comb; or they
may be connected to the vibrator of the ordinary doffing comb.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emanuel Shepherd, Fred Rothwell,
James Edward Hough, and Tom Rothwell at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents on the 6th February 1878.
EMANUEL SHEPHERD, FRED ROTHWELL, JAMES EDWARD HOUGH, and Toм
ROTHWELL, all of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF SEWING MACHINES."
Our Invention relates,-
Firstly. To the construction of shuttles and tensions.
And, Secondly. To the construction of winders employed for winding the thread
on to the shuttle spools.
.
Firstly, with regard to the shuttle tension, instead of tapping a screwed hole into
the shuttle, and holding the friction plates or washers by means of a loose screw we
drill the hole in the shuttle much larger than usual, and we permanently fix a
screwed pin in the centre. We place thereon a long screwed bush or nut with a
projecting flange at the top, which bears on the friction plates or washers. Beneath
the lower plate is a coiled spring, which surrounds the screwed bush and fits in
the hole in the shuttle.
This improvement is also applicable to the friction tensions for the needle thread
in sewing machines.
Our next improvement in shuttles relates to the shuttles of sewing machines
made on what is known as the "Singer " principle, and those which have a bow
spring or thread guide at one side, and the Invention consists in making this bow
spring act as both the tension and the thread guide. We connect the forward end
of the bow spring by means of a rivet to an inner spring plate, and we apply
pressure to this spring plate by means of a screw or otherwise.
The improved spool winder is attached to the band guard, and to the lower end
of the latter is also attached or cast a vertical boss or pap, bored through with a
hole, in which is fitted a pin, the upper end of which carries a "smoother plate,"
which bears against the spool, being pressed upwards by means of a coiled spring
fitting round the pin in the upper part of the hole, which is bored out larger for

page_text: that purpose. The "smoother plate" thus pressing the spool upwards keeps the
small pulley of the "winder" in contact with the fly wheel of the machine. Near
the lower end of the pin is fixed a horizontal guide pin working in a vertical slot
n the boss or pap, and when the "smoother plate" is pressed down (by means of a
thumb piece) and turned partially round, this guide pin passes out of the lower end
of the slot beneath the boss or pap, and thus. holds the "smoother plate" down
against the pressure of the spring; the "winder" then falls down out of contact
with the fly wheel. As soon as the "smoother plate" is turned round, so that the
guide pin comes opposite to the vertical slot, the coiled spring raises the "smoother
plate," and puts the winder into action.
We would here remark that if preferred the "winder" may be attached to the
bed plate or other convenient part of the machine, and may be made, by means of
a cam and springs, to be self-acting in throwing the winder out of gear, thus
stopping the winding when the spool is.full...
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO COP-WINDING FRAMES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Glover at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th January 1878.
EDWARD GLOVER, in the Employment of John Lawson Thackeray, both of Rad-
ford, in the County of Nottingham. “IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND
APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO COP-WINDING FRAMES."
I employ brackets secured to the framing of a cop-winding frame; these brackets
support a guide rail and drag rail; between the drag rail and bobbin spindles is a
friction rail, and between each spindle and the friction rail is a bracket which sup-
ports an axle for a number of rocking levers, each being provided with one or more
hooks near its outer end; the inner end of each lever terminates in the lower end
of a tumbler to which it is jointed; each tumbler is carried by and free to slide
vertically up or down in a boulster bracket secured to the boulster rail; the bobbin
spindle which passes through the boulster is provided with a collar upon which a
disk lies, pierced with three or more holes; upon this disk the bobbin upon which
the threads are to be wound is placed; each thread is passed from its cop through
a guide hook, then through the one or more hooks on the rocking lever, and passing
over the friction rail to the bobbin, upon the breaking of one of the threads the
outer end of the rocking lever falls and throws up its tumbler into one of the holes
in the disk above named, thereby stopping the revolution of the winding bobbin
until the thread is pierced by the attendant; there is also a small lifting lever to
throw up the outer ends of the rocking levers so as to enable the attendant to pass
the threads under the hooks on the levers previous to starting the winding bobbin ;
the rest of the winding frame may be of the usual construction.
By machinery and apparatus constructed as above described, each winding bobbin
is instantly stopped upon the breaking or ending of any thread, thus effecting a
considerable saving of time and waste.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING FANCY YARN
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Craven at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st January 1878.
THOMAS CRAVEN, of Keighley, in the County of York, Manufacturer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING FANCY YARN."
.
The object of my Invention is to arrange an ordinary spinning frame in such a
manner that I am enabled to produce a new class of yarn which I call frizzled yarn,
to be used in the manufacture of fancy dress piece goods.
•
I accomplish my object in the following manner:-I fix what are commonly
known as the back rollers of a spinning frame close to the carriers at the back side
of the front rollers; the travel of the circumferences of the front and back rollers are
arranged at different velocities, according to the amount of frizzle that is required
on the yarn; the bobbins containing the ground yarn are placed on pegs at the
back of the frame; the thread or yarn from these bobbins is conducted between
the top and bottom back rollers over the top of the front rollers to the spindles of
the frame. The top front roller is made of such a diameter that the ground thread
of the yarn is delivered in or near a perpendicular line over the centre of the
spindle; the bobbins containing the top thread or yarn are also placed on pegs at
the back of the frame; the yarn from these last-named bobbins is conducted over
the top of the top back roller, through the carrier rollers, and between top and bottom
front rollers to the ground thread as it is travelling from the top front roller to
the spindle. When the top thread is brought in contact with the ground thread
in the manner before described it is twisted round the same, and has the appearance
of a chain.
AN IMPROVED NECK COLLAR
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Fisher Harwood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd June 1878.
GEORGE FISHER HARWOOD, of Wells Street, Falcon Square, in the City of
London. "AN IMPROVED NECK COLLAR."
This Invention consists in the formation and manufacture of an improved neck
collar, which combines in one article the advantages of two collars, having, when
desired, respectively differently shaped ends.
A piece of linen, calico, or other suitable textile or other fabric or material is cut
of such a form, that if a line be drawn longitudinally from one end to the other,
leaving an equal or nearly equal width on each side thereof, each portion will have
the appearance of a separate collar. The compound collar thus formed is sewn or
otherwise connected at the before-mentioned longitudinal line with a band of linen,
calico, or other suitable textile fabric or other inaterial. Or, the compound collar
and the before-mentioned band may be formed in one piece. By this arrange-
ment the band can be turned or folded down, so that the collar is readily reversible
and thus both portions thereof may be employed alternately.
The ends and back of the band are provided with button-holes or eyelet-holes
for the reception of the buttons or neck studs used in connection with the shirt in
the usual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO STOPPERS FOR FEEDING BOTTLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Taylor at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th November 1878.
GEORGE TAYLOR, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
AND RELATING TO STOPPERS FOR FEEDING BOTTLES."
Feeding bottle stoppers as ordinarily constructed consist of a wooden top with a
cork body; these are united by glue or cement, and frequently become dis-united
by the contents of the bottle dissolving the glue or cement. These stoppers are
difficult to clean, and a little fermented milk remaining in the pores of the bottle is
apt to set up fermentation in the fresh material. Now my Invention consists in
making the stopper of glass, with or without a lining of cork, rubber, or other
material on the shank. I am of course aware that glass stoppers of somewhat
similar shape to feeding bottle stoppers are in constant use, but such stoppers not
having a hole through them for the tube are of no utility for my purpose. The
stopper is preferably moulded, and whilst in the viscous condition a mandrill or pin
is pushed through it forming the hole, and still further consolidating the glass in
the mould. The pin is withdrawn immediately afterwards and before the solidifi-
cation of the glass is effected. The pin has a feather or projection to one side of it,
thus forming a side channel to let the air out while the rubber tube of the feeding
bottle is in operation in the hole.
PROVEMENTS IN WHEELS FOR BICYCLES AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES, AND FOR CARRIAGES."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Jardine at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th September 1878.
"IM-
JOHN JARDINE, of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham.
PROVEMENTS IN WHEELS FOR BICYCLES AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES, AND FOR
CARRIAGES."
The Invention has for its object improvements in wheels for bicycles and other
velocipedes, and for carriages, and relates to improved means for securing the wire
spokes in the hubs of such wheels.
In that description of wheel in which the wire spokes are tapped at their ends
and are screwed into the hub the spokes frequently break in use at the point where
the screw thread is cut thereon, the entire strain being sustained at such part.
The spokes also become loose by accidentally turning or unscrewing of themselves
which is caused by the continual vibration and springing of the wires in
travelling.
By my present Invention I propose to take the strain off the before-mentioned
screw thread; this I effect by locking the wire spokes above such thread, which
locking also prevents the spokes from accidentally turning or unscrewing and thus
becoming loose.
In carrying my Invention into effect I drill the hole in the hub for the wire the
required depth, one portion of this hole fits the wire rather closely, the other
portion is tapped to receive the screw thread cut on the wire spoke.
Through the hub of the wheel close to each wire spoke a hole at right angles or
thereabouts to the direction of the spoke is drilled and tapped to receive a screw
with a fine thread.
The wire spokes are adjusted by screwing them up in the usual way until the
tension is sufficient and the rim of the wheel true, then to lock the spokes and
thereby to keep them from shifting I pass a tap rather smaller than the one the
hole was originally tapped with through this second hole; this to some extent taps
the side of the wire, but on putting the screw in which is the full size of the tapped
hole the wire spoke and the screw both become locked, as the wire has been tapped
[Prins d

page_text: only by a tap slightly smaller than the locking screw, so that the screw becomes a
screw key.
Or the locking screw may be caused itself to tap the threads in the side of the
wire spoke.
According to this Invention the wires are not perceptibly weakened, as the
threads formed thereon are in a line with the fibre of the wire and take only very
little away from its substance.
If a wire spoke should require screwing up, the locking screw is taken out, the
wire is screwed up, and the locking screw replaced; the wire is thereby locked in a
fresh place just as easily as the first time.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY APPARATUS FOR STOPPING VEHICLES AND PREVENTING ACCIDENTS FROM RUNAWAY OR SHYING HORSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the.
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th August 1878. A communication from
Johann Oswald, Engineer, of Frankfort-on-the-Maine, in the Empire of
Germany.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at
Frankfort-on-the-Main, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY
APPARATUS FOR STOPPING VEHICLES AND PREVENTING ACCIDENTS FROM RUNAWAY
OR SHYING HORSES." [A communication from Johann Oswald, Engineer, of
Frankfort-on-the-Maine, in the Empire of Germany:]
This Invention relates to improvements in safety apparatus for stopping vehicles
and preventing accidents from runaway or shying horses.
In carrying the said Invention into practice I attach on each side of the horse two
levers to the belly band in such a manner that they cannot turn in the same; each
lever is connected to the corresponding one on the other side of the animal (one pair
under the belly and one pair in front) by a strap or cord, or in any such convenient
manner. These levers turn on a pivot, but remain inactive as long as the two straps
or cords by which they are connected with the vehicle, as herein-after described, are
not drawn tight. To each lever is attached a cord, strap, or the like, which passes
over a wheel and through the belly lever, and are joined not far from the latter and
continued in one piece which is carried to the vehicle. Exactly the same construc-
tion is adopted on the other side of the animal.
According to the construction of the vehicle the two cords can be tightened both
at the same time and equally well from the inside or from the box, either by
hand or by any of the well-known mechanical combinations suitable for this
purpose.
The act of drawing in the cords from the vehicle stops the animal in the following

page_text: manner, that is to say, as the cord, strap, or the like tightens, the two front levers
with their connecting strap begin to come down until the connecting strap, cord, or
the like rests on the two front legs of the animal, and the more the levers are
pulled down the less the animal can lift its legs, thus preventing it from taking
either long steps or quick ones.
AN IM- PROVED MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Gurney at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th November 1878.
JAMES GURNEY, of Headingley, near Leeds, in the County of York. "AN IM-
PROVED MOTIVE POWER."
My Invention consists of an improved motive power for propelling vehicles, such
as carriages, carts, wagons, and the like; also agricultural implements and boats.
On suitable framework I mount in bearings a driving shaft, on which are pro-
vided levers of convenient length, these varying in accordance with the amount of
motive power required. At one end of each of the levers is provided a reversible
"ratchet" arrangement, and at the other end of each and in gear with them are
provided vertical screws, the length of which varies in accordance with the length
of the stroke required. These screws are employed for transmitting the required
radial reciprocating motion to the levers, and to effect this a rotary reciprocating
motion is imparted to the screws by means of gearing actuated through another
shaft mounted on the framework, which movement is given direct through a treadle
or hand motion, or when increased power is required I employ suitable intermediate
levers and gearing.
When used on land the motion is transmitted through the ratchet movement to
the travelling wheels through ordinary gearing, which gearing is varied in accord-
ance with the amount of power or speed required. When used in boats, motion is
transmitted from the ratchet motion to the paddle or screw, also through suitable
ordinary gearing.
IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS FOR SALAD CUTTING, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR CUTTING OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Ritchie, of Stonefield Street, Cloudesley Square, in
the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS
FOR SALAD CUTTING, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR CUTTING OTHER SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 6th December 1878, and dated the 21st June 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Ritchie at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st June 1878.
JOHN RITCHIE, of Stonefield Street, Cloudesley Square, in the County of Mid-
dlesex. "IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS FOR SALAD CUTTING, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR
CUTTING OTHER SUBSTANCES."..
My Invention consists of arrangements for cutting salad, whereby the same can
be conveniently cut up without the inconvenience at present experienced.
In carrying out my Invention I proceed mainly as follows:-Into a stand made
of any suitable material I insert uprights, such as pins or upright rods, arranged to
form a square or other figure, which uprights constitute a receptacle into which
the salad is placed. This stand is mounted free to turn on a stand, which also
carries a knife, or series of knives or cutters.
To cut the salad the cutters pass between the uprights on both sides, cutting the
salad. The stand with the salad is then turned, and the salad is cut across.
It is evident that the stand with the salad therein may be used without the
same arrangement of cutters, as above described. In this case the upright pins or
[Price 6d1

page_text: rods are inserted in any suitable form, and the person himself cuts with suitable
knife or cutters the salad by inserting such knife or cutter between the pins or
rods.

page_text: across at right angles with the first cut; the stand (A) is then taken out, and the
salad discharged as cut.
In Fig. 3 arrangements are shown which dispense with the knife, or series of
knives, shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and the salad can be cut with a suitable knife or
cutter, in manner as before described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature and object of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed or carried out in
practice, I hereby declare that I claim the Invention of improved arrangements
for salad cutting, also applicable for cutting other substances, substantially as
the same is herein-before set forth and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Ritchio, have hereunto set iny hand and
seal, this Twentieth day of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-eight.
Witness,
T. MORGAN,
Secretary,
Inventors' Patent-right Ass", L.,
21, Cockspur St.,
Charing Cross, S.W.
J. RITCHIE. (LS.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Turner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd November 1878.
THOMAS TURNER, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, Ireland, Civil Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS."
This Invention has for its objects, by an improved construction of railways and
tramways, admitting of the use of lighter rails, and comprising improved bearings
for the rails, to reduce cost, wear and tear, and to increase the comfort of travelling.
In carrying out the Invention the well known system of transverse timber
sleepers is adopted, but instead of the pressure or bearing weight of the rail being
concentrated on the extremely short part which crosses the ordinary chair the -
entire width of each timber sleeper is made available as direct bearing surface,
whilst the rail rests on wood instead of metal, and the road is thereby rendered
more elastic and smoother.
In one modification of the improved construction the rail is made to bear imme-
diately on the timber sleeper being held between a pair of jaw pieces, which
correspond to the jaws of an ordinary railway chair, and which are fixed separately
to the sleeper on opposite sides of the rail. The rail is secured between the jaw
pieces by the ordinary wooden key, or by any suitable known fastening.
In a second modification a chair having a sole and jaws like an ordinary chair is
used, but with a comparatively deeper space between the jaws; and in the bottom
of this space there is placed a cushion of hard wood or other suitable non-metallic
material, which cushion is made with an upper bearing surface for the rail to rest
ou as long as the width of the sleeper, whilst its underside is rebated at its middle,
so that its ends may bear on the sleeper, whilst its middle bears on the chair
sole.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WASHING MINERALS AND THE LIKE MATERIALS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th April 1878. A communication from
Heinrich Heun, II., a person resident at Dehrn, in the Empire of Germany.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at
Frankfort-on-the-Main, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR WASHING MINERALS AND THE LIKE MATERIALS." A communication from
Heinrich Heun, II., of Dehrn, in the Empire of Germany.
The improvements consist in the use of one or more revolving or stationary
drums, fitted with worms and beaters in such form that the materials to be washed
therein are passed through in one direction, and the water in the opposite direction,
in combination with an elevator provided with shoots or buckets for receiving the
material from one drum and conveying it to other drums to be further washed, and
with water tanks or receptacles for the softening of the material, and for mixture
therewith, and for washing the same.
The apparatus, together with a suitable framework for its support, may be con-
structed of timber or metal, or of a combination of both, and worked by any conve-
nient power, and the drums and their worms be furnished with suitable inlet and
outlets. The beaters may be in the form of metal rods placed within the worms
which may conveniently line the sides of the drum.
The elevator may be of the ordinary kind, with buckets or bags fitted to pass by,
hold, and convey the material from one or more apertures in the drums.
FOR STEAM CULTIVA
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Percival Everitt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th May 1878.
PERCIVAL EVERITT, of Great Ryburgh, Norfolk.
USED FOR STEAM CULTIVATION."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
This Invention relates to certain improvements in apparatus used for steam
cultivation.
The object of the first part of my Invention is to simplify the mechanism used
for automatically throwing the retaining clutch of the anchor out of gear, thereby
leaving the anchor free to move forward along the headland. To accomplish this a
ball or stop is used on the hauling rope, as in Firkin's and Savage's Patent,
No. 1737, 1875. A clutch is used on the axle of the anchor gearing into a similar
clutch on the frame of the machine. To the clutch on the axle is affixed a lever,
one end held by a pin in a suitable position on the frame of the anchor; the other
end of the lever is formed into a long slot, through which passes the hauling rope.
On the ball striking this end of the lever it forces it back against stops on the frame,
and releases the clutch, thus allowing the axle carrying a number of tines to revolve,
and the anchor travels along the headland by the pull of the hauling rope. A
suitable spring forces the clutch back into gear, and retains the anchor.
The object of the second part of my Invention is to indicate automatically to the
driver by means of signals attached to the anchor when the plough or cultivator is
near the end of the boat, and also when the anchor itself is travelling along the
headland. This is accomplished by adapting to the anchor a signal similar to any
of those used for railway signalling, and may be a flag, or an arm, or discs, or other
kind of signal. This is connected by suitable levers, or gears, belts, or any other
mechanical contrivance found most convenient to the lever that works the clutch or
any other suitable lever. The striking of the stop (affixed to the rope) against this
lover causes the signal to be shewn, and thus indicates to the driver that the plough
is near the end of the boat, and by the further raising of the signal when the
anchor is moving on the headland.
One or more balls of different sizes may be used with this contrivance to work
the signals.
AN IMPROVED Box TuG FOR HARNESS.
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Frankham and John
Birch at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th September
1878.
WILLIAM FRANKHAM, of Walsall, in the County of Stafford, Smith, and Jonn
BIRCH, of the same Place, Harness Manufacturer. "AN IMPROVED Box TuG FOR
HARNESS.
"
This Invention refers to a new construction of box tug, by which, upon an
accident occurring, the back band trace or other strap of the harness may be
instantly loosened and the horse released. For this purpose we forin on the usual
tug loop a box or socket fitted with a sliding or hinged top plate. The under side
of the box or socket is provided with a pin similar to a buckle tongue, over which
the strap is passed, the tongue or pin passing through a hole in the strap. The
sliding or hinged cover is then closed over the box, and thus the strap is prevented
from escaping when in use.
If required to be released the cover of the box is removed and the strap pulled off.
The cover of the box may, if needed, have a screw pin passing through it, and
working down upon the head of the pin or buckle tongue.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRE REVOLVING CHROMOTROPES, APPLICABLE TO ADVERTISING PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Young and Joseph Hoffe
Miles at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th April
1878.
FREDERICK YOUNG, of Dalston, Accountant, and JOSEPH HOFFE MILES, of Canon-
bury, both in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRE REVOLVING
CHROMOTROPES, APPLICABLE TO ADVERTISING PURPOSES."
According to this Invention we apply advertisements to the so-called centro
revolving chromotropes, and we cause the dials of such chromotrope to be shifted
or revolved continuously or intermittently by means of clockwork or any other
convenient motor.
According to one arrangement the advertisements are so marked on the dials
themselves and the latter so actuated that each advertisement (if more than one)
shall only be fully visible once in every revolution, the word or words of the adver-
tisement being marked on the revolving dials.
According to another arrangement the advertisement may be marked on a
stationary intermediate disc or dial, or otherwise be placed between the two revolving
dials, or before or behind them. The variegated colors now usual on the revolving
dials may be partially left out that is opposite the lettering of the advertisement.
We illuminate the apparatus by night; this may be done by placing the
apparatus in front of a lamp or burner; it may, in fact, form the front of a lamp or
lantern, and we prefer to place a reflector behind the burner or light.
Apparatus constructed as aforesaid may be used in railway stations, public
vehicles, halls, shop windows, and other public places or structures. We also apply
them to any kind of existing lamps, such as those outside shop windows.
This Invention may be used in combination with existing appliances for reflecting
advertisements or announcements on to screens or other surfaces, such as street
pavements.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER BY STEAM
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th December 1878.
A communication from Carl Hasemann, of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. von
Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, in the Empire of
Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER BY STEAM."
A communication from Carl Hasemann, of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany.
The improvements consist of a pressure and suction chamber combined with
certain valves, the said chambers being each supplied with a floating piston, and
the latter chamber with a nozzle. The construction is as follows:-The pressure
chamber is made of metal and cylindrical, and is fitted with a floating circular
piston made of any convenient material, and furnished with annular cavities on its
circumference for forming therein layers of water or liquid. The suction chamber
or cylinder is also made of metal, and is fitted with a similar float. The pressure
float presses against a convenient shoulder and allows steam to pass therein; the
lower ends of the chambers are connected by one or more pipes fitted with valves
acting in one direction. The action is as follows:-The apparatus is first filled
with liquid, steam then rushes into the pressure cylinder and forces the water up
the connecting pipes, the pressure piston having completed its stroke steam then
passes into the suction chamber, and completes the process of raising the liquid.