Improvements in connection with Kilns for Burning Bricks.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Oct., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 16th July, 1894-Accepted, 6th Oct., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in connection with Kilns for Burning Bricks.
I, WILLIAM BULL late of "Pembroke House," Redhill, in the County of
Surrey, but now travelling in India, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to that class of kilu adapted for the continuous burning
of bricks and the like.
According to this invention it is proposed to form the kiln with flue openings
from the bottom extending up the side face to the surface or top of the kiln.
Running on said surface is a movable chimney or stack adapted to produce a
draught in any flue over which it may be placed. To ensure the rapid starting of
the draught after each movement of the chimney such movable chimney is provided
with an auxiliary furnace or furnaces carried thereon. For the purpose of starting
the kiln I build a temporary crosswall in which are arranged a number of furnaces.
With this construction after the temporary furnaces in the cross-wall have been
started and the draught thoroughly established the movable chimney is placed a
few flues ahead, all other flues being closed. The heat is drawn through the
intervening stacks of bricks, out at the bottom and up through the chimney and as
the bricks become sufficiently burned in this part of the kiln the movable chimney
is passed forward to a further flue opening. When the bottom firing in the cross-
wall is stopped the requisite fuel is fed through top openings which are provided at
suitable intervals along the kiln; the bricks being so arranged in the kiln that as
the coal is dropped through the top openings it will be to a certain extent
distributed by the bricks.
Dated this 25th day of October 1893.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agent,
For the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in connection with Kilns for Burning Bricks.
I, WILLIAM BULL of Pembroke House, Redhill, in the County of Surrey,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to that class of kiln adapted for the continuous burning of
bricks, tiles, and the like.
According to this invention it is proposed to form the kiln with flue openings
from the bottom extending up the side face to the surface or top of the kiln..
Running on said surface is a movable chimney or stack adapted to produce a
draught in any flue over which it may be placed. To ensure the rapid starting
of the draught after each movement of the chimney, and to maintain the said
draught in sufficient strength such movable chimney is provided with an auxiliary
furnace or furnaces carried thereon. For the purpose of starting the kiln I build
a temporary crosswall in which are arranged a number of furnaces.

page_text: To clearly explain the invention and an efficacious method of employing same
reference is made to the accompanying drawings in which
Fig. 1 is a plan view of part of a circular kiln.
Fig. 2 is an elevation on a larger scale on lines 1, 1. looking outward.
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section on line 1, 1 looking inward also on a slightly
larger scale of part of the kiln charged and showing also the crosswall and bottom
furnaces.
Fig. 4 is a cross section on a larger scale ou line 22, Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is an end elevation of Fig. 3 on line 3, 3 and
Fig. 6 shows in elevation on a much larger scale the movable chimney.
In said drawings a represents the flue openings, 6 the space left vacant in front
of same, and beyond which the green bricks are not loaded, ca brick door or
valve, dd position of dampers, ee combustion chamber marks, ff combustion
chamber, gg lower combustion chamber, hh spanning bricks, ii feed holes, j k fire
bars and furnace for starting, 11 feed holes for same, m m temporary wall, n flooring,
o stoking pit, p bricks flat over all except combustion chambers and damper
openings, gq earth covering, rr auxiliary furnaces carried by chimney s.
For most successful working the floor n should be level and laid preferably with
previously burnt bricks or dry material, and the walls also should be as dry as
possible, although if the soil is stiff and dry the natural earth may to a large extent
be used to form the walls. The chinney openings may be square and the bottom
of the movable chimneys made to correspond (although said chimney or stack may
change from square to rounded cross section as it rises) the inner wheels of which
travel on the wall of the kiln while the outer ones may travel on a pathway formed
of laid bricks. The damper spaces d d should be perfectly vertical and so lined or
made up that iron dampers which will make a close fit may be employed. The
position of the combustion chambers ff over which the feed holes ii are to be made
should be clearly defined and this is secured by marking or grooving the walls as
shown at e, e and it is judged that good results will be obtained where two chimney
openings and six combustion chambers are employed between each set of
dampers.
For starting, the temporary wall m may be built in the rear of any convenient
chamber, and the setting of the bricks may commence about six inches from it, and
should be as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. With the exception of the side passages
which may be slightly larger, the draught passages may advantageously be from
2 to 2 inches, and the distance between the feed holes about 3 feet.
The object of the auxiliary furnaces is to so increase and regulate the draught of
the movable chimney (which is otherwise of ordinary construction) that the products
of combustion and waste heat may be drawn out at the low level of the flue openings,
thus ensuring a thorough burning of the lower bricks.
A sufficient length of kiln and the crosswall for starting having been constructed
bottom firing can be commenced. Prior to this the movable chimney should be
placed over a chimney opening a short distance ahead of the crosswall and made
tight. The door or valve e under it should be opened and all others closed. The
auxiliary furnaces should be lighted. A row of dampers should be put down the
damper opening next beyond the chimney, and a second row down the opening next
beyond that again, so that when one set is withdrawn the second at once comes into
operation and no rush of cold air can be drawn into the kiln. When the draught
is thoroughly established, and by means of the bottom firing, a sufficient wave of
heat has been created, top firing can be commenced, beginning with the line of feed
holes next to the crosswall. The nature of the setting ensures an even distribution
of the fuel, which may be dust coal or slack. Each line in succession can be
opened for the purpose of firing as it arrives at a state to burn the fuel freely until
six lines, more or less, are being fired. As each line behind is burnt off a fresh one
in front can be opened. As the heat advances the chimney can be moved on a stage.
Some hours before moving the chimney the row of dampers should be taken up and
moved on a stage.
When the goods in front of the first line of feed holes are

page_text: sufficiently burnt the bottom firing should be slackened down but not entirely
stopped until some six lines of feed holes are closed. The bottom firing should then
be entirely stopped and the furnace and ash pit mouths tightly closed up and daubed
over with soft clay. The movement of the dampers and chimney and the firing,
that is, the opening and closing each line of feed holes, as it is burnt off should
proceed in regular order.
When 12 chambers, more or less have been burnt off unloading can commence,
but before this it is necessary to put a row of dampers of lighter construction but
well fitting, down the damper opening next beyond the part to be unloaded, and
this should be done in succession to prevent the too great admission of cold air.
The temporary wall can then be removed and the circle of the kiln completed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a kiln adapted for the continuous burning of bricks and the like a series of
flues connected with the bottom of the kiln and a movable chimney or stack adapted
to fit upon said flues, said chimney being provided with one or more auxiliary
furnaces, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
2. In combination with a kiln for burning bricks and the like a movable chimney
or stack provided with one or more auxiliary furnaces substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
Dated the 16th day of July 1894.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agent,
For the Applicant.