A METHOD OF CONDUCTING TO AND WINDING UPON SPOOLS OR BOBBINS ROVINGS OF COTTON, FLAX, WOOL, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1825

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
CHESSEBOROUGH DYER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Merchant,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth, did, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Sixteenth day of July, in the
sixth year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Chesseborough
Dyer, my exors, adññiors, and assigns, His especial licence, full power and sole
privilege and authority, that I, the said Joseph Chesseborough Dyer, my
exors, adñiors, and assigns, should and lawfully might, during the term of
fourteen years therein mentioned, make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, a certain Invention,
"communicated to me by a certain Foreigner residing abroad," of "A METHOD
OF CONDUCTING TO AND WINDING UPON SPOOLS OR BOBBINS ROVINGS OF COTTON,
FLAX, WOOL, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES;" in which said Letters Patent
there is contained a proviso that if I, the said Joseph Chesseborough Dyer,
should not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's
High Court of Chancery, within six calendar then next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent, that then the said Letters Patent,
and all liberties and advantages thereby granted, should utterly cease, deter-
mine, and become void, as in and by the same, relation, being thereunto had,
may more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joseph Chesseborough Dyer, do hereby declare that the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are
particularly described and ascertained in and by the Drawings hereunto
annexed, and the following description thereof, in each of which Drawings
the same letters and Figures of reference do indicate and denote the same
things (that is to say):-
The method of conducting to and winding upon spools or bobbins the
said rovings, is performed by the machinery delineated in the said Drawings,
in which Tab. 1 is a plan, and Tab. 2, Fig. 1, an end clevation of the said
machinery in one of the forms in which my said Invention has been found
to operate well. A, A, A, represent the principal frame or support of the
machinery. B is a set of drawing rollers, fitted up in the ordinary way,
driven by the shaft b, Tab. 1, and pullies c. This shaft communicates motion
by means of the two pair of bevel wheels and the cross shaft C to the shaft
D. On the shaft D are fixed any number (according to the required length
of the machine) of carrying cylinders, as shown at d. These cylinders are
made of wood, or other fit material, and covered with leather, for the purpose
of turning the bobbins by the friction of the surface in contact with that
of the bobbin, which is pressed upon it by regulated weights, in the act of
winding the said rovings thereon, as herein-after described, and the speed
of the cylinder d is reduced from the speed of the front or delivering drawing
roller inversely as its diameter exceeds that of the said roller, or, nearly so,
by means of the bevel geer, as shewn, and before referred to, and so as to
make the surface move through a space exceeding about one fortieth the
length of the roving, as the same comes from the said front or delivering
roller. E is the bobbin, having fixed iron pivots at each end, and fitted
to turn in vertical slots of the support c, c, e, screwed upon the principal
frame. F represents an axis resting on pivots 2, 2, with two arms carrying
friction rollers f. f, at their ends, which are made to bear and act as weights
upon the pivots of the bobbin, so as to press it upon the carrying cylinder d.
G represents a frame resting upon its axis g, g, and forming a supporting
carriage at the top for the conducting tube H, I, to revolve in. This tube
is made of metal, with a hole drilled through its centre, to within three
quarters of an inch of the delivering end, where it is reduced to its semi-
diameter, so as to lay open the said hollow tube. At the termination of
the tube is placed a stud (7), with a small hole through it, for passing the
roving subjected to any required degree of friction, to be given by turning
this stud by the screw nick, as shewn. The roving passes thence through

page_text: the eccentric hole at 8, and is conducted back through the same hole to
the centre of rotation of the said conducting tube, where is delivered to
the bobbin at 4. h is a wood warve or pulley fixed on this tube, for turning
it, as herein-after described. The roving (W) to be placed upon the bobbins,
(proceeding from drawing or delivering rollers of any kind) is passed through
the body of the conducting tube, thence through the small hole in the
friction stud 7, and then through the eccentric hole 8, to the central aperture
at 4, where it is delivered to and held fast against the bobbin, the same
being held at the point of delivery from the roller. The said 'stud and
eccentric hole will by the revolution of the said conducting tube cause
the roving to be twisted from this eccentric hole back to the delivering
roller, which twist will be given out or discharged from the roving the
moment it again arrives at the point of delivery or opening 4, which is the
centre of rotation. The twist thus given to the roving may be regulated at
will, but should be such as to give a considerable degree of compression,
and afford sufficient strength to the roving to prevent its being elongated
in its passage from the delivering roller and through the conducting tube on
to the bobbin. J, J, represent a inetallic presser, the bearing face of which
at J 5 serves to press the rovings home upon the surface of the bobbin as the
same is delivered thereto from the conducting tube. The bearing face of this
presser is placed a little forward of the end of the conducting tube, which
prevents the end of the tube in revolving from coming in contact with the
surface of the bobbin in the act of filling; and thus the roving is confined
upon the surface of the bobbin immediately after its delivery froin the central
aperture of the conducting tube, so as to be effectually drawn through the
said tube by the hold which it thereby takes of the fibres of the cotton, or
other substance, at a distance within the length of the shortest fibre from
the point at which the twist is discharged from the said roving. The requisite
pressure for this purpose is given by means of the weight (k'), suspended
to a line over the pulley (2), and fastened to the pin (3). This conducting
tube, with its carriage and presser, are shewn at the full working size at
Fig. 3, Tab. 2, and a front view of the presser, with the mouth of the
conducting tube at Fig. 4. A rotary motion is given to these conducting
tubes, by means of a strap, which passes over the pulley C² and round the
carrying pullies K, K. The said strap, being conducted alternately under
and over the pullies h of the said tubes, will, by a light bearing against
the same, give the requisite motion. This strap is about three eighths of an
inch wide, and the length of the pulley on the tubes being two inches, the
strap will have room to act thereon whilst the conducting tube recedes from

page_text: the bobbin. The traverse or back and forth run of the bobbin in a longi
tudinal direction is given by means of the following apparatus. L is a shaft,
upon the end of which is a pulley R, driven by a strap passing over pulley (S).
on the end of the shaft D, as shewn at the dotted lines r, r, r, Tab. 2, Fig. 1.
On this shaft is fixed another carrying cylinder L, of the same size as the
cylinder d, but instead of being covered with leather its surface is charged
with emery, for the purpose of driving alternately the traverse bobbins.
m and m².
One of these bobbins is supported in its place and pressed
down upon the said carrying cylinder by means of the support n; and arms,
and friction rollers p, p, and weight q, as particularly shewn in Tab.. 2.
The other traverse bobbin is shewn, in its fixed support. At m² and n² a
small cotton cord, corresponding, as near as may be, with the thickness of
the roving in its compressed state, and of sufficient length to fill one of these
bobbins when wholly wound thereon, is attached at its respective ends. to.
each of said bobbins m and m². Upon one end of each of these bobbins is
fixed a worm, which, when at its place at S, is brought to act in the teeth
of the wheel M, to drive the upright shaft N. Upon the top of this shaft
is fixed a toothed sector O, which acts alternately in the racks P, P. These
racks are fixed to the sliding frame or carriage Q, and thereby gives the
alternating motion or back and forth run of the said carriage. A long tooth
at the opposite ends of these racks is provided, whereby the teeth of the
sector are made to engage with those of one rack the moment they leave
the teeth of the other. The carriage with the conducting tube, as before
described, is secured by its axis g in the fixed supports g, g, on this traversing
frame. The distance of traverse thus given to this frame is made to corre-
spond with the length of the bobbins to be filled with rovings, whence it
is obvious that the conducting tubes will be made to traverse back-and-
forth in the act of delivering the rovings from end to end of the said bobbins.
The traverse bobbin m, with the end of the cord attached and fixed in its
place, being empty, and the bobbin m³ filled with the cord as aforesaid,
whilst the cylinder L is made to revolve, as before described, by the
roughened emery surface of this cylinder acting upon the surface of the
bobbin will make it revolve and take up the cord from the filled bobbin m²,
whilst the worm upon its axis will turn the upright shaft N, as aforesaid,
and the rotary speed of this bobbin, and consequently the traverse motion,
will decrease directly as the diameter of the said bobbin increases by the
successive layers of the cord as it is taken up by the bobbin m from the
bobbin m². It will be observed that a small guide wire proceeds downwards
from the traverse. frame, with a loop at the lower end, through which the

page_text: Hence the
cord passes and thereby traverses the same in the winding on.
time in which the conducting tube will traverse from end to end of the
bobbin in the act of placing the rovings thereon, will progressively diminish
as the diameter of m increases by the cord taken up, and if the cord be
of the same thickness as the roving the time of the traverse will be cor-
rectly adapted to the increasing size of these bobbins as they are filled
with rovings. The rovings being passed through the rollers, and thence
through the conducting tube II, with its end placed upon the bobbin E, and
the driving pulley C being turned by any first mover, gives motion to the
shaft C and D, and thereby to the bobbin E, and at the same time to the
delivering roller; and by the respective motion of this roller and bobbin
the roving delivered by the former will be transmitted to and duly taken
up by the latter. But the said roving, in passing to the bobbin through
the conducting tube II, will be twisted and condensed by the action of the
tube H, as herein-before described; and at the point of the delivery from
this tube the twist will be given out or discharged just as it meets the
surface of the bobbin, against which surface it will be compressed and
held by the face of the presser F, by which means the same will be duly
taken up and wound upon the said bobbin in a dense or compressed state,
without having any of such twist left in the said rovings when wound
upon the bobbins. The bobbin being driven by the contact of its surface
with that of the covered cylinder d, the speed of which being adjusted to
correspond with the delivering roller as before described, the taking up and
winding on of the roving will be duly effected as the same is delivered; and
by means of the traverse motion given to the said conducting tube as herein-
before described, the winding on will be distributed from end to end of the
bobbin in regular spiral coils, laid side by side progressively until the same be
filled, when the bobbins are to be removed and empty ones placed in their
stead, at which time the traverse bobbin m and m² are to be reversed or
changed in their places, so that the traverse be again commenced with an
empty bobbin on the cylinder L; and thus, by successive alternation of
movements, the same effect may be produced to any required extent.
Another modification of machinery for carrying into effect the said Invention
is delineated and shewn at Figs. 6 and 5, wherein the former is a plan and
the latter a longitudinal elevation thereof. The separate parts of this machine
are mostly the same as those shewn and described in the preceding Figures.
In this modification it will be seen that the bed T, T, and upright supports
carrying the driving cylinder d and bobbin E, with the appendages appertaining
thereto, are mounted upon friction rollers t, t, t, t, placed at proper distances

page_text: to afford steady bearings for the purpose of allowing the same to traverse back
and forth with the said cylinders and bobbin, &c. in a lengthwise direction,
whilst the conducting tubes are mounted upon stationary supports. The
apparatus for giving the traverse motion having been already described, á barc
inspection thereof, indicated by the same letters of reference in these Figures,
will be sufficient to shew its application to the traversing of said cylinders and
bobbins; the shaft D being provided with a projecting rib piece to work
in a groove through the boss of its driving wheel, and permit the traverse
motion of the said shaft whilst its rotary motion is given by said wheel,
or any other sliding coupling may be provided for this purpose. In this
modification it will also be observed that the rotary motion of the conducting
tubes for twisting the roving is given by means of bands procceding from
pullies, arranged beneath and passing over warves or pullies fixed on the said
tubes separately, or the same may be given in any other adaptation of band
and pullies for this purpose.
From the foregoing Drawings and description my said method of con-
ducting to and winding upon bobbins the said rovings is sufficiently set
forth and explained to enable any competent machinist conversant with the
building of spinning and roving machinery to construct machines for carrying
into effect my said Invention, either by following the plans indicated in the
said Drawings or by other arrangements of the several parts adapted to
produce the like effect. Any of the well-known movements employed in
the roving machines now in use for giving the traverse or back and forth run
of the bobbins may be applied to give the like motion to the conducting tube
or to the bobbin, instead of the traverse motion as herein-before described;
and the same may be left to the judgment of persons acquainted with building
the roving machines now in use. And it may also be observed, that the rollers
for delivering the said rovings are similar to those in common use, and do not
constitute any part of my said Invention.
The properties peculiar to this machine and essential to the operation of my
said Invention are
First, the arrangement of machinery for driving the bobbin by the friction
of its surface upon a revolving cylinder, whereby an uniform rotary speed of its
surface is communicated to the bobbin through all its changes of diameter in
the act of winding the rovings thereon, from the commencement upon the
naked barrel of the bobbin until the same is filled.
Secondly, the application of the apparatus as described for receiving the
roving from the rollers and conducting it to the bobbin, and twisting and
uutwisting the same in its transit. This apparatus admits of being variously

page_text: constructed to produce the same effect; for instance, the conductor H may be
made of a tubular form, as described, or with any central apertures for the
reception and delivery of the rovings; and being provided with an eccentric
holder at a point near the delivery to the bobbin, so as in effect to lay hold of
and cause the roving to turn with the said conductor, and be twisted from the
point where it is so held back to the delivering roller, and also to discharge
the twist at the place of delivery on the surface of the bobbins. This conductor
may be mounted to turn upon an axis underneath, as first described, to admit
it to recede from the bobbin by turning upon the said axis, as the diameter of
the bobbin increases, or it may be mounted on a carriage fitted to slide back
from the bobbin for the same purpose as shewn at Fig. 4.
Thirdly, the presser or instrument for holding the roving tight against the
bobbin at the moment of its delivery thereon, whereby the said roving is laid
in a dense or compressed state, and a greater quantity of rovings can be
thus wound upon a bobbin of a given size than is effected by the machines
now in use; and by the joint action of the twisting and pressing of the rovings
as aforesaid, the fibres thereof are brought into closer contact and compressed
so as to adhere together with the requisite degree of strength or tenacity for
winding off, without the aid of twist in such rovings.
Whereas an apparatus adapted to twist and untwist rovings hath been here-
tofore used and applied in drawing and other machinery, of a nature in some
degree similar to the apparatus used for twisting and untwisting the roving, in
conducting the same from the drawing rollers to the bobbin, as herein-before
described: Now, I do further declare, that I do not claim the exclusive use of
this said apparatus for twisting and untwisting the rovings, otherwise than as
applicable to the process of conducting to and winding the said rovings upon
spools or bobbins; and together with this apparatus so applied, I do claim
the use and application of the instrument for pressing or holding the said
rovings tight against the bobbin in the act of winding thereon, as herein-
before described.
And finally, excepting as aforesaid, I do not claim the several parts or
portions of the said machinery as singly or individually taken, but I do claim
the arrangement or combination thereof, as herein set forth and described,
whereby the effects aforesaid are or may be produced.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Chesseborough Dyer, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Ninth day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and twenty-six.
JOSEPH C. (L.B.) DYER.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Ninth day of January,
in the year of our Lord 1826, the aforesaid Joseph Chesseborough Dyer came.
before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified,
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Sixteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and twenty-six.