CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN EMERY AND OTHER GRINDING MACHINERY, AND IN EMERY OR OTHER GRINDING WHEELS FOR USE THEREWITH
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Heaton, of New York, United States of
America, at present residing at 22, Craven Street, Strand, London,
for the Invention of " CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN EMERY AND OTHER
GRINDING MACHINERY, AND IN EMERY OR OTHER GRINDING WHEELS FOR USE
THEREWITH."
"
Sealed the 21st July 1874, and dated the 24th February 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Heaton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th February 1874.
I, CHARLES HEATON, of New York, United States of America, at
present residing at 22, Craven Street, Strand, London, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN EMERY AND
OTHER GRINDING MACHINERY, AND IN EMERY OR OTHER GRINDING WHEELS FOR USE
THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
:-
It consists in using emery wheels preferably of ring form, and of
holding them within a metal carrier or device so made as to hold,
contain, and sustain the wheel or stone within circular, "vented," or

page_text: split walls, such walls being contracted by means of a ring or reinforce
operated or drawn tight by means of bolts in such a way that the wheel
or stone within is sustained or held and turned by means of the frictional
contact of the surrounding metal wall applied to its periphery, instead of
or as distinguished from the present method in use, which consists in
holding, turning, and opérating wheels or stones by means of plates or
flanges applied to their sides at the centre in such a way as to tend to
force them apart instead of, as designed in this Invention, holding them
It further consists in a mechanical device, being a threaded "sleeve"
and disc or plate for raising the wheel or stone, or causing it to advanco
to its work when and as it becomes worn away.
It also consists in making the shaft or spindle which gives motion to
the wheel or stone in two or more pieces, and by means of a properly.
fitted ferulo provides for holding such shaft or spindle rigid and truc
when working..
It further consists in a mechanical-device or "rest" formed of ono
"bed ".or stationary piece provided with an indexed half-circle or scale,
and one moveable "adjusting piece" só fitted to the bed or stationary
piece as to be readily and easily set at any angle to the stone or wheel,
and then retained in the position desired by means of a nut and screw.
Such adjusting piece being provided with a double pointer so arranged
that when one point indicates the position of the adjusting piece accu-
rately the other point indicates inaccurately, by which means the rest as
a whole can be readily used, and the thing to be ground may be acted
upon by the stone or wheel either moving to or from its work.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES 30
HEATON, of New York, United States of America, at present residing at
22, Craven Street, Strand, London, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Charles Heaton, Her special
licence that I, the said Charles Heaton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles Heaton, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from. time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN.
EMERY AND OTHER GRINDING MACHINERY, AND IN EMERY OR OTHER GRINDING
WHEELS FOR USE THEREWITH," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Charles Heaton, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
-
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Heaton, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to bo
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawing
forming a part of this Specification :--
It is well known to those familiar with the use of emery wheels that
if a wheel is full of emery and friable so as to cut freely it is very likely.
to burst, and kill or injure workmen and others near it if run at a suffi-
ciently high speed to render it effective, and when a wheel is toughened
by its cementing composition so as to be safe against bursting at high
speed its cutting properties are spoiled, and it is disposed to "glaze" or
"choke," and refuse to cut. To obviate these evils, and to render the
use of soft friable emery wheels perfectly safe against bursting, as well
as to greatly increase their cutting properties, is the object of my
Invention.
The said Invention does not render necessary the use of an emery.
wheel or grindstone in any particular position, but permits of its being:

page_text: run as desired at any reasonable speed that can be borne by the spindles,
and in any position desired or necessary for the work to be done.
I am aware that emery wheels and stones have been and are now used
horizontally, stuck to a plate with marine glue, and emery wheels or
stones may have been used vertically in a chuck or carrier, but not in 5
the manner I am about to describe.

page_text: walls a¹ being contracted when the ring or reinforce b is drawn tight by
means of the bolts c.
It further consists of a disc or plate d, which may fit within the
carrier more or less loosely, and a sleeve e provided with a thread on its
outer side, and fitted to turn freely upon the centre pin or barrel of the
carrier. The threaded sleeve e, as shown in Figure 6, passes through
the disc or plate d, which is chased to fit it, and when required causes
the said plate to rise or fall, or advance and recede, as shown in Figure 6
in dotted lines.
Before describing the other parts of my Invention I will explain the
manner of using this safety device. The disc or plate dis brought to
the position desired by means of the aforesaid sleeve, and the emery
wheel or grindstone, which I prefer should be of the ring form shown,
being of the proper diameter for the carrier or "safety device," is placed
within the same, and upon the disc or plate. If it should fit too loosely
pieces of paper or thin millboard should be inserted as liners. This
having been done the ring or reinforce 6 is placed outside upon the taper
wall of the carrier, and by means of the bolts c this ring or reinforce
is drawn tight, and so as to slightly contract the walls of the carrier
upon the emery wheel or stone within it. This having been accomplished
so as not to crush the wheel or stone, but simply to sustain it, the safety
device as a whole may be placed upon the arbor or spindle of an ordinary
grinding machine, and run at a great speed without endangering the
lives of those who use it; or the said device may be placed in its position
in my horizontal grinder, and run under the same circumstances, or as
desired. When the wheel or grindstone wears away by use, as it will
do, the ring or reinforce 6 is slackened by means of the bolts c, as above
described, and the sleeve e is turned in such a way as to cause the disc
or plated to advance with the wheel or stone upon it; then the reinforce
is tightened again to sustain the wheel or stone, and so on until the said
wheel or stone is quite used up.
It will be readily understood that the wheel or stone cannot burst, nor
can it, as is the case with stones or wheels which are held by flanges
acting on the centre of the wheel, get very badly out of balance, and if
it should the preponderating weight of the safety device as a whole
neutralizes the jumping or irregular motion heretofore so dangerous
in connection with revolving stones or emery wheels held by their
centres.

page_text: Another advantage of my Invention consists in the fact that the wheel
or stone is always of the same diameter or size, and not, as is the case
with wheels or stones held by flanges, constantly decreasing in size and
speed, and ending in a useless hub or centre..
Another advantage which results from my Invention consists in the
fact that the great and perplexing variety of grades or quantities of
wheels or stones heretofore required for different varities of work will
not be necessary, as one grade of wheel or stone may be made to do all
kinds of work by increasing the speed to any desired degree. Wheels
or stones used as I propose, in addition to being perfectly safe, can be
made to cut much faster and wear longer, and they will generate less
frictional heat in use than other grinding wheels or stones.
The machino shown in Figure 1 may be made of any required sizo for
holding and running wheels or stones of greater or lesser size. When
the stones or wheels are very large the machine has its shaft or spindle
made in two pieces. The lower piece, shown in Figure 5, is provided with
a flange g at its lower end, and a thread and nut h, i, at its upper end,
by means of which the safety device as a whole is held in place. The
other part of the said shaft or spindle which carries the driving pulleys j
is fitted, as shown to the lower part, and the whole shaft is held together
by a ferrule / fitted to it in such a manner that when it is necessary to
put in a new wheel or stone, which may weigh several hundred pounds,
the upper part of the spindle or shaft carrying the said driving pulleys
is drawn up by mechanical means, and then retained in the proper
position by tackle or otherwise connected, if desirable, to the three eyes:
provided in the casting of the frame, as shown in Figure 1. Then the
sleeve is turned by means of a wrench, if necessary, and the disc or
plate & run up ready for the reception of a new stone or wheel, or the
whole safety device may be raised and removed from its casing or bed
for repairs or other purposes.
In Figure 2 the top flange of the casing or bed piece is shown provided
with holes for the reception of rests or other attachments as may be
desired.
The rest shown in Figure 2, and detached in Figures 3, 3, 4, and 4ª,
is designed for tools or other articles requiring accurate grinding, and ;
consists of a base picce provided with a half circular dial laid off in
degrees from zero on each side to 90° in the centre, and an adjusting

page_text: piece provided with pointers n, and fitted to turn within the base
piece 7, and provided with a threaded tail so arranged in connection with
a nut n¹ that it can be retained or clamped in the position desired. The
other or
"rest end" of this adjusting piece has a slot o cut in its face
and within this slot a carrier p is fitted, which has its face grooved as
desired to hold the tool to be ground. These carriers p may be readily
made to suit the various tools to be ground, and in using the rest the
drill or chisel to be ground is simply laid upon the carrier p, the adjust-
ing piece m is set to the angle desired as indicated upon the dial by the
pointer n, and retained at this angle by the nut n¹. The tool, if a twist
drill, may be turned off by hand, and accurately ground; if a chisel it
may be ground first on one side and then the other, so as to obtain the
same bevil on each side, while by reason of the safety device the wheel
or stone can be run at such a high rate of speed that very light contact
and consequently only a small degree of frictional heat will or need be
developed.
t
Having thus fully described my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I wish it understood that I do not desire to limit
myself to any particular form of machines, as the same may be required
of all sizes with various modifications and for various uses, cither for
large or small grindstones or emery wheels, such wheels having
heretofore always been used either held at their centres by flanges or
glued upon a plate, but in no case am I aware of emery wheels or grind-
stones having been placed within a metallic carrier or chuck so arranged
as to hold and sustain the wheel or stone to be used, and admit of its
being raised as it wears away, nor am I aware that wheels or stones
have ever before been so applied that they could be run with impunity
at any speed desired, limited only by the strength of the shaft or spindle.
And I claim,―
First. The safety device substantially as herein described for the
purpose specified.
Second. The combination of the carrier or chuck and the ring or
reinforce, with the bolts to tighten the same, or their equivalents, when
used for holding emery wheels or grindstones, as herein described.
Third. The combination of the sleeve with a thread on its outer side,
and the disc or plate with a thread chased within it, and the carrier or
chuck and ring or reinforce, as hercin set forth and for the purpose
specified.

page_text: Fourth. The employment of a device which holds, sustains, and
contains an emery wheel or grindstone in such manner that the same
can be adjusted as herein set forth.
Fifth. Constructing the wheel or grindstone in the form of a ring, to
be held and sustained by a device substantially as herein described.
Sixth. The combination with the jointed shaft or spindle of a ferrulo
or sleeve or equivalent device for the purpose specified.
Seventh. The combination in a rest of the other parts described and
shewn, with a dial plate laid out as described for the purpose specified.
Eighth. The combination of the safety device as a whole with the bed
piece or casing, and the vertical shaft and driving pulleys when used for
the purpose herein specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Heaton have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Ninth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
Witness,
W. ROBT. LAKE,
8, Southampton Buildings,
London.
CHAS. HEATON. (L.S.)