matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED WIND SCREEN TO BE ADAPTED TO OPEN CARRIAGES, AND TO LANDAUS OR OTHER CARRIAGES CAPABLE OF BEING USED OPEN OR CLOSED
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Cogswell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
March 1875.
I, CHARLES COGSWELL, of Regent's Park, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
WIND SCREEN TO BE ADAPTED TO OPEN CARRIAGES, AND TO LANDAUS OR OTHER
CARRIAGES CAPABLE OF BEING USED OPEN OR CLOSED," to be as follows :—
Much inconvenience has been experienced by the occupants of open
carriages from the draughts of air or wind caused by the progress of the
carriage during cold or windy weather, the sufferers being mostly those
who sit on the front seats or what is commonly termed "with their
backs to the horses." These draughts usually strike the back of the
head and neck, which is considered one of the most sensitive parts of
the human body, and cause severe colds, rheumatism, and other ailments,
and often lay the foundation of serious and painful illnesses.
The object of this Invention is to obviate as much as possible this
inconvenience, and to enable the occupants of the carriage to enjoy the
drive without the necessity of taking extra precautions, such as muffling

page_text: up the neck, raising the hood of the carriage, or placing an umbrella or
sunshade behind them for the purpose of preventing the draught from
striking the back of the head or neck.
The Invention consists of an improved wind screen which I employ to
intercept the draughts of air or wind, and this screen I adapt to the front
or back seats of open carriages or landaus or other carriages which are
capable of being used open or closed.
The improved screen is composed of a frame of wood, iron, or other
suitable material, and is of a length corresponding to the width of the
carriage and may be of any desired height.
The frame may be filled in with clear or ground glass, or colored or
figured glass, or ornamental woods, or with any picture or design upon
glass, wood, or canvas, as may be desired, thereby enhancing the
elegance of the carriage furniture, or if an iron frame be used it need
only be covered with patent leather.
]
The wind screen is held in position by means of two or more pins or
studs securely attached thereto, and which fit into socket holes formed
in the frame of the carriage, or the screen may be held in position
in any other suitable manner; thus the screen may be readily detached
when it is not required for use in the carriage, or if desired it may be a
permanently fixed to the carriage.
To give protection to the side of the face and neck of the occupants of
the carriage, I employ smaller frames of any desirable shape, and these
smaller frames I hinge or otherwise attach one to cither end of the main
frame, so that they may be used at an angle thereto. Suitable stops a
may be provided to prevent these smaller frames from swinging to and
fro with the movement of the carriage.
My improved wind screen may also be adapted to the back scat of the
IMPROVEMENTS IN RULING MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Thomas Price at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th November 1875.
I, JOSEPH THOMAS PRICE, of Bow Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Machine Ruler, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RULING MACHINES," to be as follows :—
The improvements have reference to that part of the machine called
the pen carriage and slide, and to the mode of feeding the pens with ink
or color.
Hitherto the pen carriage and slide have been held together by means
of bolts or screw attachments, and the feed has been effected by hand
by means of a flannel or cloth constantly supplied by the workman
from a brush dipped in ink or color.
The improvements consist in attaching the slide to the pen carriage
by means of morticing and tennoning them one to the other, so that one
may work or be moved on the other as desired, thereby diminishing the
depth, weight, and inconvenience of the present mode of attachment,

page_text: Also in feeding the pens automatically from reservoirs, troughs, and
such like, by means of flannel or cloth passed over the improved
carriage, and having one edge dipped in the ink or color in the
reservoirs or troughs and the other resting on the pens as at present.
The improved pen carriage and slide may be made of wood, metal, or {
other convenient material, and the reservoirs and troughs may be made
of metal, glass, or of any convenient material for holding the ink or
color, and may be fixed behind the pen carriage.
The quantity of ink or color fed may be regulated by the level of the
ink in the troughs, said level being again regulated by the supply from 1
the tank or receptacle charged with ink or by other suitable means.
IMPROVE. MENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Skidmore at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
December 1875.
I, PETER SKIDMORE, of Nether Edge, Sheffield, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN ROLLER SKATES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing roller skates in the following
manner To the under side of the clog of the skate a piece
of metal of the following shape is affixed :-The part which comes into
contact with the clog of the skate is formed flat, and its opposite side
with a short square stud, the upper part of this stud has a round pin
fixed thereinto in a line with the centre of the clog; the point of this
pin slopes upwards and carries another piece of metal, to which the axle
of one pair of the rollers of the skate are connected, and revolve loosely
as usual; and the principal feature of novelty in this Invention relates
to the means employed for effecting the "canting" motion of the rollers
to enable the skate when in use to describe curves or circles; this it is
proposed to effect as follows:-The contact or meeting surfaces of the

page_text: aforesaid square stud, and the piece that fits loosely on the inclined pin
before mentioned and carries the rollers I form with straight or curved
inclined surfaces, and I keep these two inclined surfaces in forced
contact by means of a helical spring passed around the aforesaid fixed
pin, the said spring being held in proper position by a washer and split
pin by these means, upon side pressure being exerted on one of each
pair of rollers (there being two pairs, one at the toe and the other at the
heel part of the skate), such side pressure will cause the aforesaid
movable inclined surface to act upon the fixed inclined surface, and
place the rollers in the " canting" position; and upon the side pressure
being removed the elastic force of the helical spring aforesaid will bring
the inclined surfaces into their normal position.
AN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OF LIQUIDS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Charles Hood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on
the 18th March 1875.
I, WILLIAM CHARLES HOOD, of 220, Bridge Road, Battersea, in the
County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OF LIQUIDS,"
to be as follows:-
-
The object of my apparatus is to so regulate the flow of water or other
liquid flowing through pipes or other channels that when the quantity
is constantly varying the supply shall at some given point be entirely
cut off, and that no liquid shall pass through the pipe or passage to
which this apparatus is attached in less quantity than the apparatus is
adjusted for.
The water or other liquid enters the apparatus through a stop valve of
approved construction. This stop valve is weighted by means of a lever
with a weight at its end, in a manner similar to the safety valve of a
steam boiler. Below the lever above mentioned and at right angles to

page_text: it is a rocking shaft, which carries a camb or projection so arranged that
on the shaft being partly turned the camb will lift the lever and weight,
thus liberating the valve. This camb is counterbalanced by an adjustable
lever and weight, and is worked by a quadrant with adjustable tappets,
regulating counterbalance lever, and weight. At the other end of this
rocking shaft is a crank, the pin of which works with a certain amount
of play in the slot of a disc worked by the regulating handle controlling
the supply.
The supply being admitted either by ball and lever or by hand.
arrangement the valve is partially lifted and admits instantly any
quantity of water or other liquid exceeding the minimum to which
the apparatus has been adjusted, and as the volume increases the valve
will continue to open to the full area. Should however the supply
gradually decrease below the minimum the valve will close and remain
closed until raised again.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF APPLYING HEAT IN REVERBERATORY BED AND ROTATIVE FURNACES, AND APPARATUS FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Alfred Cowper at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th June 1875.
I, EDWARD ALFRED COWPER, of No. 6, Great George Street,
Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF APPLYING HEAT IN
REVERBERATORY BED AND ROTATIVE FURNACES, AND APPARATUS FOR THAT
PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the means of applying heat in furnaces such
as those employed for puddling, melting, reheating, and other operations
conducted on a stationary or rotating bed or in a rotating cylindrical
vessel, and to apparatus for that purpose. Several methods of applying
heat in such furnaces have been adopted, as for example, by the flame
resulting from the combustion of solid fuel on fire-bars contiguous to the
furnace chamber, or by the flame resulting from the combustion of
fuel and air, and in some cases increase of heat and economy of
gaseous
fuel have been obtained by the use of regenerators to heat the air and
gas before their mixture, such regenerators being themselves heated by
the products of combustion escaping from the furnace chamber.

page_text: According to my Invention I apply in the furnace chamber a blow
pipe jet or several such jets directed on the material under treatment,
the said jets consisting of combustible gas and of air, which air I
previously heat by passing it on its way to the furnace through a
stove of the kind described in the Specifications of Patents granted to
E. A. Cowper, on the 19th May 1857, No. 1404; C. W. Siemens,
E. A. Cowper, and C. Cochrane, on the 5th January 1870, No. 34; to
E. A. Cowper, on the 23rd March 1872, No. 887; and to C. Cochrane,
and E. A. Cowper, on the 8th May 1874, No. 1623.
This stove may be heated by the combustion of solid or gaseous fuel,
or by the waste heat of smelting or other furnaces, and when it has been
so heated its communication with the source of heat is cut off and the
blast of air is directed through it, so as to be heated before entering the
furnace chamber. For convenience of working the stoves are provided
in duplicate, so that the one can be receiving heat while the other is
heating the blast; and a pair of such stoves thus worked alternately may
serve for a number of furnaces arranged near them. The gas may in
like manner. be heated by its passage through separate stoves, but as
this would involve complexity of arrangement I prefer to use the gas
cold or to heat it partially by passing it through a coil of pipes in the
base of the chimney, by which the products of combustion are
conducted from the furnace. Both the air and the gas may be supplied
under pressure, I prefer however for the sake of simplicity to apply
pressure only to the air blast, and to so arrange the air and gas nozzles.
that the current from the former shall by its inductive action create a
current in the latter.
Year: 1875

page_text: No text detected.

page_text: The first mentioned pinions are fixed to their shaft by means of
ratchet wheels, springs and pawls, or by other suitable means, to permit
of the free turning of the machine. The cross shaft has fixed thereto a
ratchet wheel, and the bar or cross frame carries a lever formed at one
end like a pawl to take into the teeth of the ratchet wheel. This lever
is mounted upon an axis of motion, and has connected thereto one end
of a chain, the other end of which is fixed to the standard for the driver's
seat or to other convenient part of the machine. By these means the
driver can when desired by simply pressing his foot on the chain throw
the pawl into gear with the ratchet wheel, and thus prevent the cross
shaft rotating in the bar or cross frame, by which means the latter with
the rakes will be caused to rotate around the axles of the main wheels,
then by releasing the chain from the pressure of the foot the parts will
be again disconnected and the rakes will fall to their former or normal
position. The bar or cross frame has also fixed thereto a short arm or
lever, which by a link is connected to a lever handle mounted upon an
axis of motion fixed to any convenient part of the machine. This lever
handle is placed in a convenient position, so that the driver can readily
place his foot thereon and so keep the rakes down to their work, whilst
if desired he can operate the lever by hand, and thus effect the
"dumping" or discharging action.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SAVING LIFE FROM DROWNING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Reynold Gade at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th July 1875.
I, WILLIAM REYNOLD GADE, of Addison Road, Kensington, in the
County of Middlesex, Merchant and Underwriter at Lloyd's, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
SAVING LIFE FROM DROWNING," to be as follows .-
-
I propose to form a life-saving apparatus by the combination of a
mattress with a box or chest adapted to receive and seat the body of
the occupant, his legs projecting through the bottom of the box in
water-tight coverings.
I propose to make the mattress of any suitable buoyant material, such
for example as a waterproof fabric lined with cork, or so that it may be
inflated with air at pleasure by any ordinary means, and in sections
corresponding with the shape of the chest to which these sections will
be attached by any suitable mechanical contrivances.
I propose to make the chest with openings at the bottom, through
which the occupant may pass his legs encased in ordinary long boots or

page_text: other waterproof covering, these openings being so arranged that no
water can penetrate by them into the chest, or I might apply collapsable
leggings or boots to the chest.
I also propose to provide the top of the chest with a waterproof
covering for the upper part of the body of the occupant seated within it,
or with a means of attaching thereto a waterproof coat or other water-
proof wearing apparel.
I also propose to ballast the chest by a weight or weights attached to
a pole or otherwise suspended beneath the box, and cither in a fixed
position or arranged to be shifted at pleasure.
Any receptacle for clothing or effects or article capable of scating the
body may be adapted to receive the legs and mattress, as above
described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BILLIARD TABLES AND THEIR FITTINGS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Dan'. Harris at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th March
1875.
I, DAN. HARRIS, of Charlemont Bridge Works, Dublin, and 3, Pall
Mall Place, London, do hereby declare the naturo of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BILLIARD TABLES AND THEIR FITTINGS," to be as
follows:
The bed instead of being made of slate at the joints is to be made of
steel so as to prevent fracture or chipping; the whole body of bed except
the steel protecting band around the edges to be of slate, or cement and
asphalte.
The cushions will be made with a thin cord of steel running along the
face of cushion, and rigid supports at each end forming the mouth of
pocket, so as to prevent the india-rubber sinking at those points, and the
balls from jumping; the latter is very objectionable, and is caused solely.
by the sinking of the india-rubber at corners of pockets and at ends of
side pockets.

page_text: The cues, which have their tips put on by very imperfect cramps will
by my Invention have the tips put on perfectly central, and each cue
can be tipped in two seconds. A continuous pressure is always on the
tip, whilst in my automatic cue top fastener (which insures perfect
cohesion) the smallest and largest cue can be tipped equally central.
The automatic cue top fastener consists of a brass tube just large
enough to admit the largest cue inside the brass tube; there is a thin
steel tube which is so formed as to expand and admit the largest cue,
and contract for the smallest. The cue is simply put into the tube
with its tip to be fastened by glue or cement; it is pushed up against a
pin acted on by a spiral spring which presses the tip close on the top of
cue. A lever is then touched which clamps the cuc firmly in the tube
and perfectly central in same. When the cement hardens the lever
is touched again, when the cue comes out securely and evenly fixed to
its tip.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OPENING AERATED WATER BOTTLES, AND FOR DRAWING OFF THE CONTENTS FROM SUCH BOTTLES WITHOUT WASTE OR SPLASHING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Augustus Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th March 1875.
I, AUGUSTUS SMITH, of Marsh Gate Lane, Stratford, in the County
of Essex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OPENING AERATED WATER BOTTLES, AND
FOR DRAWING OFF THE CONTENTS FROM SUCH BOTTLES WITHOUT WASTE OR
SPLASHING," to be as follows :-
°
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for opening
aerated water bottles, and for drawing off the contents from such
bottles without waste or splashing; and consists chiefly of a kind of
plug with a portion shaped to fit the neck of a bottle containing an
aerated drink, such shaped portion being preferably covered by a
yielding body, say rubber, so that when the plug is pushed into the
bottle neck it shall touch the neck all round the inner wall.
The plug is hollow for a part of its length, and is preferably perforated
for the passage of the liquid through to the central hollow, the upper
part of which is in connection by a passage with a length of rubber
tubing. The tubing has on its free end an ivory or other tip, the weight

page_text: of which is sufficient to retain that end of the tube in a glass into which
the liquid can be run.
The lower end of my plug is so made and shaped that when pressure
is applied to the upper part the cork or other stopper (especially those
known as patent stoppers, which are in the interior of the bottles) is t
pushed in to open the neck, the plug by this act being forced into the
neck for the liquid to flow through the plug and the tubing under the
pressure of the contained gas.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS CONNECTED WITH DRY CLOSETS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Henry Alcock at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th December 1875.
I, SAMUEL HENRY ALCOOK, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster,
Cotton Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS CONNECTED WITH DRY CLOSETS," to be as
follows:-
The adaptation of a cylindrical riddle to the dry ash screening closet
system, so as to deposit the ashes upon the excreta and thoroughly clean
the cinders for fuel without any nuisance from dust by a cage of wire
fastened on the peripheries of two wheels. A round shaft with a handle
at one end is passed through the central bosses of the wheels and
secured. The ends of the straight shaft rest almost horizontally on
bearings at each end of an oblong frame, which is fastened against the
outside of the back wall of the petty, and the under part of which is a
funnel so shaped that any fine ashes falling from the wire cage or
cylinder will drop into the tank under the petty seat. The ashes are
put through a hole in the side wall of the building, and slide down

page_text: into the cylinder where they are kept in at the front (or handle) end by
a disc fastened to the end of the cylinder.
The cylinder is not quite horizontal, but rather lower at the back, so
that when the handle is turned while the fine ash falls through the holes
of the wirework and so down the funnel into the tank, the cleaned
cinders gradually roll out at its lower end, where a spout is so placed as
to conduct them to a point under the handle, where a coal box may be
placed to receive them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER HOLLOW ARTICLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathan Thompson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
May 1875.
I, NATHAN THOMPSON, of the City of Brooklyn, and State of New
York, in the United States of America, but at present of 23, Southampton
Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES, JARS, AND
OTHER HOLLOW ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in stoppers for-bottles,
jars, and other hollow articles. For this purpose I employ a cap or
cover to pass over the end or neck of the article to be stopped. In the
crown of the cap or cover I place a disc of cork or other suitable
material, and in the cylindrical portion of the cap or cover I place a short
tube, ring, or strip of india-rubber. Around the cylindrical portion of the
cap or cover I form an internal projecting ring standing about midway
of the width of the india-rubber ring or strip, so as to give the india-
rubber a tendency at that part to bend inwards. On the top edge of the
india-rubber I place a washer, and against this washer I place a

page_text: compressing ring having a series of inclines formed on the opposite edge
thereof; in the cap or cover I form a number of internal projecting
studs, which correspond in number to the inclines on the compressing
ring and act therewith. The compressing ring has recesses or openings
formed therein to enable it to pass the studs when placing it in position
within the cap or cover, and such ring has lugs or projections formed
thereon which pass into corresponding recesses formed in a projecting
ring, or between studs or projections formed on the neck of the article
to be stopped. These lugs. or projections have their lower ends turned
at right angles thereto, in which ends holes are formed, and on the cap
or cover a projection is formed with a hole in it, so as to enable a wire
to be passed through two of such holes to secure the compressing ring
in position, whilst a wire passed through the holes in the lugs and
bearing under the projecting ring or studs on the neck of the article to
be stopped assists in retaining the stopper in position. Or if desired the
lugs before mentioned may be formed so as to take under the projecting
ring on the neck.
I
In applying the stopper to a bottle the lugs on the compressing ring
are first passed into the recesses or openings between projections on the
bottle neck; the cap or cover is then turned round until stops formed at
the ends of the inclines on the compressing ring come against the
internal studs or projections in the cap or cover, during which motion
the action of the inclines against the studs causes the india-rubber to be
,compressed between the cap or cover and the compressing ring, thereby
forcing it firmly against the neck of the bottle and forming a secure
stopping means.
ROVEMENTS IN COUPLINGS FOR REPAIRING PROPELLER AND OTHER SHAFTS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cromwell Fleetwood Varley at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his. Petition, on
the 27th January 1875.
I, CROMWELL FLEETWOOD VARLEY, of 2, Great Winchester Street, in
the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLINGS FOR REPAIRING PROPELLER AND OTHER SHAFTS,"
to be as follows:-
for
This Invention relates chiefly to improvements on the coupling described
in the Specification of a Patent granted to I. K. I. M. King, and T. D.
M. King on the 8th day of February 1873 (No. 468). In order to apply
the coupling described in this Specification to a broken shaft it is
necessary first to cut a key way in each end of the parts of the shaft on
either side of the fracture. My improvements have for their object to do
away with the necessity of cutting this key way in the two parts of the
shaft, and also to simplify the construction of the coupling and to reduce
its weight. For this purpose I in some cases form the interior of the
cylindrical coupling with teeth projecting from it so as to penetrate
into the shaft when the coupling is screwed on to it, and these teeth are
by preference under cut so that if there is any movement of the coupling

page_text: around the shaft, the teeth shall cut more and more deeply into it; or
recesses may be made in the interior of the cylindrical coupling to
receive pear shaped keys in such a manner that their pointed ends .shall
cut into the shaft and similarly cut deeper and deeper if there is any
slip of the coupling around the shaft; or recesses may be made in the
interior of the coupling to receive keys formed with teeth upon their
inner surface to bear against and cut into the shaft; these teeth may be
of hardened steel. Any desired number of such keys' may be employed
with each coupling; some of the teeth also may be placed in the
opposite direction to the others so as to hold securely in whichever
direction the shaft may be driven; in place also of keys vulcanized
india-rubber or other elastic material may be interposed between the
coupling and the shaft, and sufficient hold be thereby obtained upon the
parts of the shaft.
In order to reduce as much as possible the number of bolts required
for screwing up the coupling, the halves of the coupling may be hinged
together on one side; in some cases also the couplings may be made in
three or more instead of two sections, and may be bolted or hinged
together. Where the fracture occurs in the shaft at a distance from
any of the flanges, each section of the coupling may be made in one
piece so as to extend over the entire fracture.
In order to reduce the weight of the coupling I make the tubular
parts of the coupling to taper from the centre towards its two ends, and
strengthen it at intervals by enlargements or rings surrounding it;
alsó in cases where keys are used at the junction of the sections of the
couplings, I make the outer surface of the keys concave so that the key
draws the two halves of the coupling together and relieves the strain
upon the bolts.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PREPARING THE JOINTS OF LEADEN AND OTHER SOFT METAL PIPES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Raper Humphries at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th March 1875.
I, JOHN RAPER HUMPHRIES, of Middlesborough-on-Tees, in the
County of York, Plumber, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PREPARING THE JOINTS OF LEADEN
AND OTHER SOFT METAL PIPES," to be as follows :—
This Invention consists in the construction of apparatus for preparing
the ends of leaden or other soft metal pipes for joining in a more
expeditious and efficacious manner than heretofore.
When it is desired to join the ends of two leaden or other soft metal
pipes it is necessary to taper one end of one of the pipes so that it may
fit into the end of the pipe to which it is to be joined. In order to
effect this operation of tapering according to this Invention a cup of
brass or other suitable metal made in the form of a hollow inverted
cone is cast on or attached to a spindle of similar metal, and which
spindle is provided with a square end suitable for insertion into the

page_text: socket of an ordinary hand brace. In one side of the cup is formed a
slot running at or nearly at right angles to the base, and into which slot
a steel knife blade is inserted, the latter being secured to and kept in
position by a lug or projection formed on or attached to the cup. The
hollow cup may if desired be provided with a central mandril formed on
or attached to the interior of the bottom thereof.
When it is desired to prepare the end of a pipe for jointing, the end
to be so prepared is inserted into the conical cup, and upon the latter
being rotated by means of a hand brace or other suitable arrangement,
the knife is caused to act upon the surface of the pipe until the latter is
tapered to the desired extent, when it is removed from the cup and is
ready for use.
A NEW OR IMPROVED TELEGRAPH CABLE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Frederick Lackersteen at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st October 1875.
I, JAMES FREDERICK LACKERSTEEN, of 16, Southampton Buildings,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED TELEGRAPH CABLE,"
to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention relates to a new or improved telegraph cable. The
cable is constructed with the usual copper core as the medium for the
electric current surrounded and protected by a casing of iron, steel, or
other suitable metal. The copper core and surrounding casing. are
drawn together into a wire after the manner of ordinary wire drawing,
the copper core thus being in the centre of the compound wire produced
which may be reduced to any desired guage, the copper core and
surrounding casing still maintaining the original relative proportions as
to their sectional areas. The wire thus produced is then protected and
insulated with a covering of (by preference) vulcanized india-rubber,
which I prefer to cure after its application to the wire; or the wire may

page_text: be covered with gutta percha, bitumen, or other suitable material, alone
or in combination. The whole may then be further protected by a
covering of woven, plaited, or twisted wire; the cable thus constructed
being very light and small two or more may be combined by being
twisted or otherwise united to form one large cable of somewhat
ordinary dimensions, the several smaller ones being each still complete
in itself and forming a perfect and distinct cable. The whole may then
be further protected in the usual manner of covering the outside of
cables.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CUTLERY
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Wragg at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st December 1875.
I, WILLIAM HENRY WRAGG, Manufacturer, of Sheffield, in the
County of York, do hereby declare the nature of my said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CUTLERY," to be as
follows:-
:
My Invention relates to the manufacture of pocket cutlery, and has
for its object reducing the cost of production whilst improving the
quality and simplifying the construction.
In carrying out my Invention as applied, for example, to the manu-
facture of a combined pocket knife and fork for picnic and camp
purposes. The finished blade or fork is secured by pins or otherwise to
a piece of sheet metal, suitably shaped to the form of the handle or
scales, and having formed on its edges, by punching or other means, a
number of tabs or clasps, which by being bent over the edges of the
handle or scale, secure the latter firmly, whereby the pins or rivets
ordinarily employed for the purpose are dispensed with.

page_text: The number and dimensions of the tabs or clasps may be varied as
found desirable in practise.
The knife and fork are so arranged that when not in use they fit one
over the other, that is to say, the blade enters the handle of the fork,
and the fork enters the handle of the knife. For this purpose each scale
is hollowed or recessed, so that the two scales of a knife or fork, as the
case may be, when fitted together, form a hollow handle divided down
the centre by the metal plate, the blade (for example) secured to the
plate of metal filling one half, whilst the other half receives the fork,
which is similarly secured to the central plate of the other handle, the
latter being also provided with a hollow or recess for the blade of the
knife.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF SPRING HATS KNOWN AS 'GIBUS HATS, be as follows
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mériade Anquez at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th March
1875.
I, MÉRIADE ANQUEZ, of 10°, Chandos Street, Strand, in the County of
Middlesex, Trading under the Style or Firm of "Gibus & Co.," Hatter,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF SPRING HATS KNOWN AS 'GIBUS HATS,'
to be as follows :-
> "
This Invention consists of improvements in the manufacture of spring.
hats, known under the general name of "Gibus hats," and which
improvement prevents in a very simple and certain way the breaking
of the steel spiral springs employed to raise the crown of the hat.
It is well known that in spite of the utmost care used in the
manufacture of these spiral springs, they have always been liable to
break in consequence of variations in the atmosphere, the reason is that
in their manufacture and the tempering that it is necessary to give them
to ensure sufficient strength with a very small diameter has the result of

page_text: leaving the metal of which they are constituted in a very fibrous
condition, and extremely sensative to heat and cold as well as of dryness
and moisture.
This Invention obviates these defects by inserting the spring in an
elastic and impermeable covering, which will preserve it from the effects t
of heat and moisture and also from variations of the temperature. This
covering is composed of a tube of india-rubber, vulcanized or otherwise,
completely closed at each end, and preserves the spring for any length of
time and may be renewed at a very trifling cost.
The tube is to be made of a diameter sufficiently small that it can 1
only be turned on the spring very slowly and fit very tight, so that the
spring and its covering are rendered perfectly solid, and the two
ends being closed completely protects the metal against atmospheric
influences.
The end of the covering of the spring which is nearest the crown of
the hat must be cut obliquely, to enable the spring to be hooked on to
the metal frame. It will thus be seen that by this method not only is the
metal completely protected from moisture and the atmosphere and also
from rust, but the coils of the spring are kept in their respective
positions and ensures an equal stretching of all the parts, the tension
arising from the elasticity of the india-rubber covering added to that of
the metal, the strength of the whole is much increased.
I do not confine myself to the foregoing means and material to form
the covering of these springs, as they may be varied, for instance, I can
adopt the india-rubber on the spring by passing it through a mould, in:
the centre of which is placed the spring, and instead of india-rubber I
may use gutta percha or any other flexible and impermeable substance,
the essential feature of my Invention consisting only in the application
to these springs of an impermeable and elastic covering, which protects
them against changes of temperature, and at the same time prevents :
them getting rusty.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Elce at the Office of the
Commissioners of "Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st February
1875.
I, JOHN ELCE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist,.
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBRES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, first, in an improved back stop motion appli-
cable to drawing frames and other machines that are fed with slivers,
slubbings, or rovings, whereby the machine is stopped before the sliver,
slubbing, or roving has been drawn in by the back drawing rollers.
My improvement consist in the application of a pair of calendar
rollers consisting of a continuous bottom roller and loose top rollers
of any required length, between the guide plate, through which the
slivers, slubbings, or rovings are drawn on leaving the can, and the
spoons over which they are drawn before they pass to the back drawing.
rollers. The object of this is to facilitate the piecing up of broken ends
and to prevent inequalities in the yarn, which occur when the sliver,

page_text: slubbing, or roving is carried forward into the drawing rollers before the
end is pieced up..
Also in imparting a false twist to slivers, slubbings, or rovings as
they pass from one drawing roller to another in preparing and spinning
machines, or from a porcupine roller to a pair of drawing rollers by
means of a revolving tube, through which the sliver, slubbing, or roving
passes. These revolving tubes support and consolidate the sliver,
slubbing, or roving, and greatly improve the manufacture of short
stapled fibres.
Also in bushing the upper end of the tubes fixed in the copping or
lifting rails, in which the spindles of machines for preparing, spinning, and
doubling revolve, to enable the tubes.to be repaired when partly worn
out. I also provide for the lubrication of such bushes, by cutting a
spiral groove in the opposite direction to that in which the spindle
revolves from a circular groove or chamber near the bottom of the bush
to the upper end thereof, in which the oil is free to circulate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LEVER CORKSCREWS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Burgess at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th June
1875.
I, JOHN BURGESS, of the Firm of John Burgess and Sons, of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LEVER
CORKSCREWS," to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to those kinds of lever corkscrews which
consist of two nearly parallel levers resembling the levers of a pair of
nippers, the lower lever constituting the supporting arm by which
the instrument is supported during the drawing of the cork, and the
upper lever being jointed to the lower lever by a shifting joint.
My Invention consists of the following improvements in the said lever
corkscrews, whereby they are made more convenient in use, and the
liability to the breaking of the neck of the bottle during the withdrawal
of the cork is diminished:-The lower lever or supporting arm is
ordinarily provided with a conical ring or collar made in one piece with
tho said lever or arm, the said ring or collar fitting upon the mouth or
top of the bottle and supporting the corkscrew.

page_text: According to one of my improvements I make the conical ring or
collar separate from the lover or supporting arm, and joint the said
separate ring or collar to the said arm, whereby the lever or supporting
arm is capable of motion vertically about the said ring or collar. I fork
the end of the supporting arm, and to the arms of the fork I joint the {
conical ring or collar. When the handle ends of the two levers are
closed or pressed together for the purpose of causing the lifting or upper
lever to withdraw the cork, the lower or supporting arm or lever turns
upon its joints at opposite sides of the conical ring or collar, the said
ring or collar remaining stationary upon the top or mouth of the bottle
instead of following the motion of the supporting arm as is the case
when the ring or collar is made in one piece with the supporting arm as
usual. The drawing of the cork is thereby facilitated and there is little
1 or no risk of breaking the bottle by the pressure of the ring or collar.
The worm of the corkscrew is usually made separate from the lifting :
lever, the said lifting lever being hooked to the head of the worm or
engaging under a shoulder on the head of the worm to withdraw the
cork. Instead of making the worm separate from the lifting lever I so
connect the worm with the said lever that it cannot be separated from
the latter. For this purpose I joint to the lifting end of the lever an
eye through which the stem of the worm passes, a collar at the junction
of the stem with the cross handle of the worm preventing the removal
of the worm in one direction, and the screw part in the other direction.
The stem of the worm has perfect freedom of motion in the jointed oye
described for driving the worm into the cork, and on driving the worm,
fully home, the collar described bears upon the end of the lifting lever
and carries it forward.
Iм. PROVEMENTS IN PROTECTORS APPLICABLE TO THRASHING MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles James Barnes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th November 1875.
I, CHARLES JAMES BARNES, of Werrington, in the County of North-
ampton, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “Iм.
PROVEMENTS IN PROTECTORS APPLICABLE TO THRASHING MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
Beneath the central part of the top lying between the tables I attach
rocking levers, the ends of which are secured to and carry a board,
which extends from side to side of the feeding mouth of the machine.
The rocking levers are constructed so as to be held by springs bearing
upon them to the side of the feeding mouth. Opposite the attendant
feeding the machine when at work is hinged a second board, the outer
end of which rests upon the upper edge of the board first mentioned.
The rocking levers hold both boards sufficiently high to admit of the
machine being fed, but upon the attendant slipping or being pushed or
treading accidentally upon the beaters if there was no such protector
the pressure brought to bear upon the two boards effectually closes the
mouth of the machine and covering the beaters prevent them bruising
or otherwise injuring the feeding or other attendant. And to afford

page_text: protection to the attendant untying the sheaves in case his or her foot
should approach too near or over the edge of the feeding mouth, I
employ a foot lever, the inner projecting end of which rests upon one
end of the hinged board above mentioned, a slight pressure upon this
lever closing the boards over the beaters. When the machine is not at i
work or is being packed up it is not necessary to remove the protector
as it can be folded down to lie flat.
AN IMPROVED SELF-ACTING REGULATOR FOR TWISTING MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Sauvée at tlie Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd January 1875.-A communication from abroad by Isaac César
Charles Rolin and Leon Joseph Guitard, both of Lyons, in the
Republic of France.
I, ALBERT SAUVÉE, of 22, Parliament Street, in the County of
Middlesex,. Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED SELF-ACTING REGULATOR FOR TWISTING
MACHINES,"
a communication from abroad by Isaac César Charles
Rolin and Leon Joseph Guitard, both of Lyons, in the Republic of
France, to be as follows:-
The apparatus which is the object of this Invention is employed for
twisting silk or other material into thread or twist. Each bobbin with
silk to be twisted is placed upon a spindle, upon which it turns freely.
This spindle passes through a tin box having two holes pierced in it
diametrically opposite each other for the passage of the thread. The
box is surmounted by a leaden cone which serves to support it. The
thread unwinding from the bobbin passes through the two holes in
the box, and then through an eye placed at the extremity of the spindle

page_text: It then passes on to the regulator, which is the principal part of the
machine.
This regulator is formed of two discs, one in glass and the other in
metal, which are placed one against the other. The glass disc has a
flat surface, and the metal disc a slightly conical surface; by
this means there is a space between them which diminishes from the
circumference towards the centre. The thread passes through this space
or hollow, and the depth it goes in varies according to its thickness. As
the speed of the regulator is invariable, the quantity of thread twisted
will vary according to the distance it is from the centre. The twisting
is thus regulated, for the speed of the spindle being uniform, the finer
the thread is the more it will be twisted. When the thread leaves the
regulator it is wound on bobbins, on which it is distributed by an
ordinary guide.
A NEW CONSTRUCTION OF SLEDGE SKATE, ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE ON ARTIFICIAL ICE OR SMOOTH SURFACES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Pritchard at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
March 1875.
I, HENRY PRITCHARD, of 39, Cleveland Square, Hyde Park, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "A NEW CONSTRUCTION OF SLEDGE SKATE, ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE
ON ARTIFICIAL ICE OR SMOOTH SURFACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the construction of a sledge skate for use
on artificial ice or smooth surfaces.
In skates as hitherto made for the above purposes wheels have been
used to give the necessary gliding motion, but by my Invention I do
without the wheels, and instead thereof substitute a sledge bottom or
blade made of ivory, bone, whalebone, glass, lignum vitae, or any other
suitable hard substance or 'material, but I prefer to use ivory for the
purpose, such sledge bottom or blade being of a similar shape to those
in use in the ordinary skates used on ice.
I also affix if necessary to the inside of the sledge bottom or blade a
strip of steel or other metal about 1 inch thick to give a better grip on
the floor or skating surface.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ALLOWING THE STEAM TO ESCAPE FROM STEAM BOILERS WHEN THE WATER IS TOO LOW
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Hallam and John
William Lamb at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 22nd July 1875.
We, SAMUEL HALLAM, of West Gorton, near the City of Manchester,
Engineer, and JOHN WILLIAM LAMB, of Manchester, aforesaid, Brass-
founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ALLOWING THE STEAM TO ESCAPE FROM STEAM BOILERS
WHEN THE WATER IS TOO LOW," to be as follows .-
The apparatus consists of a pipe, which is connected to the boiler at
a point below the proper working level of the water; at the upper end
of this pipe is a valve seating and a valve connected to a spindle; this
valve when open admits steam to a piston in a small cylinder fixed to
the boiler, and this piston is connected by a spindle to a valve, which is
kept closed by the steam in the boiler. So long as the water remains at
about its proper level in the boiler the pipe is kept full of water, and as
there is no exit above the water cools and the valve above remains
closed, but as soon as the level of the water lowers below the end of the
pipe the water runs out and steam enters, the heat of the steam then
causes the pipe to expand and lifts the seating fixed above off its valve,

page_text: the steam then enters the small cylinder and forces down the valve that
is connected to it, thereby allowing the steam from the boiler to rush
out, and thus relieves the boiler The steam may be allowed to escape
to sound an alarum or otherwise give notice before the water has
descended so far as to become dangerous. When several boilers are
connected together one of the small cylinders above referred to is placed
on each, and they are connected to each other by pipes.
Our Invention may be modified by making the spindle of the piston
and valve hollow, and continuing it into the water in the boiler; above
the spindle is a hollow ball, which when full of water holds down a 1
small valve, but as soon as the water runs out of the spindle and ball
stcam rushes in and depresses the piston as before described.
The above details can be varied.