An Improved Joint for Pipes Constructed on the Spigot and Socket Principle.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Feb., 1898-Accepted, 7th May, 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Joint for Pipes Constructed on the Spigot and Socket
Principle.
I, JOSEPH WILLAM BROWN, of Tetford House, West Hartlepool, in the County
of Durham, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to spigot and socket joints for pipes in which a liquid
tight connection at the joint is essential such as pipes usually constructed of
earthenware, stoneware and the like material for sewerage or other purposes in
which cement is used as the jointing material or gas and water pipes and tubes for
electric cables in which lead is the jointing material instead of cement if the pipes
are of iron the invention being usefully applicable after the manner described in
the Specification of my previous application for Letters Patent No. 8526 of 1897
but in certain respects a novel and useful modification and improvement thereof
in overcoming the difficulties of securing a reliable joint at small expense.
The following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings
fully explains the means employed for carrying out my invention in its modified
form as well as the advantages derived therefrom as a means of obtaining the per-
fectly tight and effective joint required. In the drawings several joints are shown
each in sectional view taken lengthwise of the pipe and constructed in accordance
with my invention, as described in my former Specification No. 8526 of 1897 and
shown in all the figures of the drawings annexed hereto, the spigot end of the
pipe is constructed with a flange or shoulder a cast on or forming part thereof.
and the usual shoulder or annular ledge b is formed on the socket end of the pipe,
so that when jointed together the end of the socket comes flush with the flange or
shoulder a on the spigot and the spigot end a¹ comes flush with the correspond-
ing shoulder or ledge b on the socket. This enables the requisite contact to be
obtained endwise of the pipes for the purpose of my invention. In combination
with this the spigot and socket are recessed or grooved to form an annular space c
round the pipe to be charged with the jointing material poured through a hole
or gate d. This belt or ring of hard setting material forms the joint between the
adjoining ends of the pipes by which they are locked together in the manner shown.
But the difficulty has always been to charge the annular space c with jointing
material in the liquid or molten state to the requisite pressure for getting a sound
joint inasmuch as the surface or cylindrical contact between spigot and socket
especially in the case of earthenware and stoneware pipes, or metal pipes which
have not been machined, does not afford a liquid tight fit and the jointing material
oozes away under the pressure required to properly charge the annular space c.
As a substitute for the various means and devices for overcoming this difficulty
and to enable the annular space c to be properly charged with cement in a liquid
state or molten lead as the case may be, to be subjected to the requisite pressure

page_text: without leakage have used a stemming or packing of hemp, felt india-rubber or
the like suitable compressible material packed or stemmed into grooves or recesses
so placed that when the ends of the pipes are brought flush together the said
stemming or packing makes a liquid tight joint between spigot and socket. By
my present improvement I dispense with the necessity of charging the stemming
or packing into grooves or recesses in this way and substitute therefor packing or
jointing rings or strips of the like compressible material already cut to size, and
shape and embed these in grooves or recesses wholly or partially or place them on
the flat or secure them in position by fitting them round a collar or shoulder with
or without the aid of adhesive material; i.c. one ring in the shoulder a of the
spigot and the other in the spigot end a¹ as shown in Fig. 1 so that when the ends of
the pipe are brought flush together the packing rings are pressed up against the
spigot and socket and a liquid tight joint is made or instead of recessing the spigot
end at a¹ the packing ring may be placed on the annular ledge 6 of the socket, and
secured thereto by adhesive mixture as shown in Fig. 2. Or the recess may take
the form shown in Fig. 3 in which oase the packing ring e is stretched into and
secured by the recess a² and the packing ring e¹ is secured by adhesive material to
the ledge b or the spigot end a'. This enables the jointing material to be at once
charged into the annular space e to any required pressure consistent with the
strength of the pipes and so to obtain a reliable and efficient or sound joint by
means of the band of cement or other jointing material.
Fig. 4 illustrates this form of packing ring e combined with an angle shaped or
flanged ring f placed on the spigot end a¹ in the form of a cap and secured if
desirable by suitable adhesive material.
Fig. 5 shows the use of two angle shaped or flanged rings f in surface contact
with the shoulder a and the spigot end a¹ and secured if desirable by suitable
adhesive material; and Fig. 6 shows the angle shaped or flanged ring f in sur-
face contact with the spigot end a¹ and the angle shaped or flanged ring f¹ in a
recess near the shoulder a.
c and
Special advantages of the use of packing rings or strips of the kind hereinbefore
described are that the rings or strips can be cut to size and shape beforehand and
fitted in position on the pipes at any time, so that the pipes only need to be
pushed up home as if no packing was required but are then at once sealed and
ready for having the jointing material charged into the annular space
furthermore the packing rings or strips are so fixed in the recesses or placed on :
the flat between spigot and socket that no displacement thereof can take place
when making the joint; and less liability to damage or difficulty in manufacture
is incurred in manufacture or afterwards. The seal is effectual for gas and water
pipes and tubes for electric or other cables as well as ordinary sewer pipes, lead
being the jointing material instead of cement when iron pipes are used.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
4
(1.) In the construction of the joints of pipes of the kind herein referred to and
as a means of sealing the joint at either end thereof, the use of packings of hemp, 4
felt, india-rubber or the like compressible material between spigot and socket the
said packings being cut to size in rings or strips and adapted to be embedded
wholly or partially in grooves or recesses or placed on the flat and secured by suit-
able adhesive material if necessary so as to prevent displacement thereof when
fitting the spigot and socket together substantially in the manner and for the pur- 5
pose as hereinbefore described with reference to Figs. 1, 2 and 3 of the accompany-
ing drawings.
2. The use of packings of hemp felt india-rubber or the like compressible
material between spigot and socket the packings being cut or pressed to size and
shape in the form of caps adapted to be secured in position with or without the use of

page_text: adhesive material substantially in the manner and for the purpose as hereinbefore
described with reference to Figs. 4, 5 and 6 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 17th day of February 1898.
G. J. CLARKSON,
Chartered Patent Agent, Stockton-on-Tees and Hull,
Agent for the Applicant.