Improvements in Tin or other Metal Lined Pipes or Tubes, and in Means to be Employed in Making Soldered Joints.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Oct., 1895
Complete Specification Left. 10th July, 1896-Accepted, 22nd Aug., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Tin or other Metal Lined Pipes or Tubes, and in
Means to be Employed in Making Soldered Joints.
We, ALBERT BARRACLOUGH, of Walkley Lane, Heckmondwike, Yorkshire,
Plumber, and ARTHUR CLARKE, of Bee Hive Mills, Heckmondwike, afore-
said, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention has reference, firstly, to lead, iron, brass or other metal pipes or
tubes employed for the conveyance of water and other liquids, or fluids, or gases
or steam, and the object of our improvements is to combine with said pipes or
tubes a suitable non conducting material or substance which will protect the gas,
water or other liquid, passing through them, from severe frost, and will also
prevent to a considerable extent the radiation or penetration of heat, and our
improvements relate, secondly, to means to be employed in making soldered joints
between tin lined or other piping. In tin lined lead pipes which are now being
introduced for water service, the application of an intermediate tube or section of
non-conducting material or substance is particularly applicable, as, in addition to
affording ample protection against the penetration of frost, the danger of fusing or
melting the tin lining when making a soldered joint and of the water passage being
therefore obstructed or choked up by the accumulated melted tin will be avoided,
more especially so when our improved means are employed in the making of such
joint.
In the making of a non conducting pipe or tube according to our invention we
provide the led, irou, brass or other pipe or tube with a separate inner pipe or tube
of block tin, brass, copper, or other suitable metal or other material as may be
required to serve the purpose for which the pipe or tube is to be used, or to suit
individual preference, the said internal piping being of smaller diameter than the
bore or internal diameter of the outer pipe or casing. Around the said internal
piping we tightly wrap, wind or otherwise suitably apply, a covering or sheathing
of brown or other suitable paper, preferably first soaked in lamp black, or lamp
black, asbestos, hair felting, silicate or ordinary cotton, vulcanite or other suitable
non conducting material or substance which is built up longitudinally to the desired
thickness or section.
When thus covered with or incased in a non conducting shell or pipe, the inner
pipe or lining inserted in the outer pipe or casing and a close joint made between
it and the non conducting section to make the whole integral, by pressure applied
to said outer pipe by passing it through a draw plate or between grooved rollers; or
by admitting steam or other suitable fluids or gases at high pressure to the inner
pipe to expand same and its covering against the interior walls of the outer pipe, or
this may be accomplished by the use of a mandrill.
Should the frost, when very severe, penetrate through the solid non condurting
section of pipe and freeze the water therein, the said non conducting section will
give a little to the expansion of the inner pipe or lining and therefore avoid or
reduce the liability of fracture of the outer pipe or casing, the same also applying
to the expansion or contraction of the inner and outer pipes under the influence of
heat. In making soldered joints between tin lined lead pipes or lead and other
pipes we employ a split tube the joint of which overlaps sufficiently to permit of

page_text: one size of tube serving for several sizes of pipes within fixed limits, so that in
all cases the joint will overlap more or less. About midway of said split tube we
form on or attach a rib or bending, which, when the tube is inserted into each end
of the pipes to he joined together is adapted to keep aid split tube in position,
also to hold the ends of pipes apart slightly so that when the solder is applied in
the ordinary way not only is a perfectly tight and safe joint made but the entry of
solder to the interior of the pipe is entirely prevented.
When joining one pipe to another at right angles we provide a T shaped tube
suitably split at right angles to answer in a similar manner to a straight split tube.
The tube or pipe to which the end of another pipe is to be joined at right angles,
is preferably severed or an opening made therein to admit of the insertion of one
portion of the T shaped split tube whose other portion is then inserted into the open
and of the other pipe which is cut V shaped and a corresponding opening cut in
the first named pipe to receive it so that they dovetail one into the other, the solder
boing afterwards applied to seal the joint.
Dated this 10th day of October 1895.
TASKER & CROSSLEY,
Halifax, Patent Agents.
Improvements in Tin or othor Metal Lined Pipes or Tubes, and in
Means to be Employed in Making Soldered Joints.
We, ALBERT BARRACLOUGH, of Walkley Lane, Heckmondwike, Yorkshire,
Plumber, and ARTHUR CLARKE, of Bee Hive Mills, Hechmondnike, afore-
said, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
This invention has reference, firstly, to lead, brass, copper or like soft or
compressible metal pipes or tubes which are lined with tin or other uon corrosive
metal, alloy, or material, and employed for the conveyance of water, steam and
other liquids, fluids or gases, the object of our improvements being to combine with
said pipes or tubes a suitable non-conducting material or substance which will
protect the gas, water or other liquid or fluid passing through them, from severe
frost, and also prevent to a cousiderable extent the radiation or penetration
of heat.
In tin lined lead pipes which are now being introduced for water service, the
application of an intermediate tube or section of non-conducting material or
substance is particularly applicable, as, in addition to affording ample protection
against frost, the danger of fusing or melting the tin lining when making a
auldered joint and of the water passage therefore being obstructed or choked up by
the accumulated melted tin, will be avoided, more especially so when the means
forming the second part of our invention, are employed in the making of such
joint.
In constructing a non-conducting pipe or tube according to our invention, we
provide the lend or soft compressible pipe or tube with a separate inner pipe or
tube of block tin, brass copper or other suitable metal or material as may be
required to serve the particular purpose for which the pipe is to be used, or to suit
individual preference, the said internal tubing being of smaller diameter than the
bore of the outer pipe. Around said internal tubing we tightly wrap, wind or
otherwise apply a covering or sheathing of brown or other suitable paper,
preferably first soaked in lamp black, or of Jamp black, asbestos, hair felting,
silicate or ordinary cotton, vulcanite or other suitable non-conducting material or
substance, which is built up longitudinally to the desired thickness or section.

page_text: When thus covered with or incased in a non-conducting shell or tube, the
inner tube or lining is inserted into the outer pipe and a close joint made between
it and the non-conducting section by compressing said outer pipe or, in some cases
we may admit steam or suitable fluids or gases at high pressure to the inner tube
to expand same against the surrounding pipe or this may be accomplished by the
use of a mandrel.
Should the frost, when very severe, penetrate through the solid non-conducting
section of the pipe and freeze the water therein, the said section will give a little to
the expansion of the inner tube or lining and therefore avoid or reduce the liability
of fracture of the outer pipe, the same also applying to the expansion or contraction
of the inner and outer pipes under the influence of heat.
In carrying out the second part of our invention, which refers to the making of
soldered joints between tin lined or ordinary lead pipes, we employ a split tube or
ferrule having formed thereon or attached thereto a rib or beading which, when
the tube is inserted into each of the pipes to be joined together is adapted to keep
said split tube in position and hold the ends of the pipes slightly apart so that
when the solder is applied, not only is a perfectly tight and safe joint made, but
the entry of solder to the interior of the pipe is entirely prevented.
When jointing one pipe to another at right angles we provide a split T shaped
tube which answers in a similar manner to the straight split tube..
Such being the nature and object of our said invention, we will now fully
describe same by reference to the annexed sheet of drawings forming a part of this
specification, in which, Fig. 1 is longitudinal elevation of a tin lined lead pipe
provided according to our invention, with an intermediate packing, section or tube
of non-conducting material.
Like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.
Referring to the drawings a represents the outer lead or soft metal pipe or tube,
the inner lining or tubing composed of tin or other suitable metal or material,
and c the intermediate packing or tube of non-conducting material which may be
brown paper, first soaked in lamp black; or the manufactured gauze or muslin
backed waterproof paper, or lamp black, asbestos, hair felting, silicate or ordinary
cotton, vulcanite or other suitable non-conducting material or substance. We have
found the manufactured gauze, canvas or muslin backed waterproof paper to
auswer very well and, so far, have mostly used it.
A simple and ready method adopted for covering the inner lining with the
non-conducting material is to have such material supplied or cut in long lengths of
a width equal to the circumference of the said inner lining or tubing & so that it
can be applied to the tube longitudinally from end to end of the pipe or tube 6 and
will exactly cover the circumference thereof when bent round the tube as illustrated
in Fig. 2.
One cud of said width of non-conducting material is placed around the end of
tube as shown and both are then drawn together through a funnel mouthed barrel.
or die whose internal diameter corresponds nearly to the diameter of the tube / so
that it bends or curves the strip of non-conducting material longitudinally around
the tube from end to end thereof. Before passing to the barrel the strip e is
moistened or coated on both sides with mucilage or suitable sticky or tenacious
paste or cement whereby when pressed around the tube it will adhere thereto,
the mucilage on the outer surface or side of the said strip serving to secure the
next strip which is laid around the tube over the first strip. Any number of such
trips may be laid one over the other around the tube until the requisite thickness
or section is built up, each strip being preferably so laid on as to bring the
ongitudinal edges thereof on the opposite side of the tube to those of the
preceding strip.
The material may, however, be wound spirally round the tube b, the pitch of
he coils being coarse so that they will not easily slip one over the other under
pressure; or any approved method of applying the non-conducting coating or
heathing to the tube 6 may be adopted.

page_text: The lining or tubing b is of less diameter than the internal diameter of the pipe a
so that when covered to the required thickness with non-conducting material, it
can be without difficulty, inserted into and pushed through the said pipe from end
to end a tight joint being afterwards made and the non-conducting section fixed
firmly to the inner surface of the pipe a by applying pressure to said pipe so as
to coinpress it tightly against said nou-conducting section, this being accomplished
by passing the pipe a through a draw plate or between grooved rollers.
In some cases steam or other fluids or gases at high pressure may be admitted to
the inner tube to expand it and its covering against the interior walls of the
pipe a.
By applying an intermedinte section or tube to tin or other lined lead or
soft metal pipes or tubes the penetration of Trust to and radiation of heat from
same will be largely prevented, and fracture of the pipes due to expansion and
contraction minimised.
The second part of our improvements relating to the making of soldered joints
between lined or unlined lead pipes is illustrated in Figs. 3 to 6.
For joining pipes together end to end we employ a split tube or ferrule of the
opposing longitudinal edges e of which overlap each other sufficiently to permit of
one size of ferrule serving for several sizes of pipes within fixed limits, so that in
all cases the edges will overlap more or less. About midway of said split ferrule
or tube is formed a rib or annular corrugation which, when the tube is inserted
into each end of the two pipes a, a, and suid pipes are pressed end to end, is nipped
between them as shewn in Fig. 3, and thus holds the split ferrule in position so
that it cannot move away into either of the pipes a or a'.
When the solder is applied in the ordinary way, it enters the small space
between the two ends of the pipes but, by reason of the corrugation or rib, it
cannot escape past into the interior of the pipes whereby a perfectly tight and safe
soldered joint is made without any liability of the solder getting into and obstructing
or choking up the interior of the pipes.
For jointing one pipe a to another pipe a'at right angles, we provide a T shaped
split tube or ferrule as shown in Fig. 5. This said ferrule is composed of two
separate split tubes d, d, the former of which is provided with an opening on one
side to receive the end of the vertical tube d' which is brazed or otherwise secured
thereto.
The pipe a may be and is preferably severed where the junction has to be made
to admit of the insertion of the horizontal portion d of the T shaped split ferrule
or tube whose vertical portion d' is then inserted into the open end of the pipe a'
which is cut V slaapo and fits into a corresponding opening or recess made in the
pipe a so that they dovetail one into the other, the solder g being afterwards
applied all round the joints to effectually seal same.
The part
d of the ferrule
may, if required, have a rib or projection formed partially round same.
Instead of making the T shaped split ferrule in two parts and brazing them
together, we may stamp the same out of a flat sheet of metal somewhat as shewn
in Fig. 6, the portion d being subsequently bent to a circle with the opposing
edges e overlapping each other to form the horizontal part of the ferrule, and the
portions d bent into half circles to form the vertical part of the ferrule.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
:-
Firstly. A lead or like solt or compressible metal pipe or tube lined with tin or
other suitable metal or material and having a non-conducting tube, section or
packing interposed between the said lining and outer tube or pipe in manner and
for purposes substantially as herein shewn and described.
Secondly. In soldering pipes together end to end the application to the inner
ends of the pipes of a split tube or ferrule having an annular rib or corrugation
thereon in manner and for purposes substantially as shewn and described.

page_text: Thirdly. In soldering pipes together at right angles the application to the joint
of a T shaped ferrule or tube substantially as described and illustrated in the
drawings.
Dated this Och do of Tul- 1000
TASKER & CROSSLEY,
Halifax, Patent Agents.