matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SCATTERING OR SPREADING MANURE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Wilkerson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th June 1868.
I, SAMUEL WILKERSON, of Chelmsford, in the County of Essex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SCATTERING OR SPREADING MANURE," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in machines or
apparatus for the purpose of scattering or spreading manure on land,
whereby the quantity of manure is regulated and controlled in
accordance with the speed at which the conveyance is made to travel.
The machine consists of a closed receptacle of wood or iron of an
oblong square form, set on a shaft and wheels; this receptacle serves
to contain the manure, which should be in a partially liquid state for
more easy distribution. The shafts of the machine are brought into
gear with the axle by a joint on which they turn, and are secured to
the fore part of the receptacle by a curved rack, in the teeth of which
a pinion works, secured between the shafts on a horizontal spindle
actuated by a hand crank. By this arrangement the receptacle can be

page_text: tilted to shift the manure towards the delivering apparatus and facilitate
its egress. The scattering or spreading is effected by means of a
revolving cylinder working in bearings at the rear end of the frame
of the receptacle; this cylinder extends the full internal width of the
same, and is provided with a series of screw blades, the revolution of
which continually throws out a flow of the manure. In order to give
motion to this cylinder one or both the driving or draught wheels of
the machine are provided with bevil wheels fixed on their exterior
side, and a shaft with a bevil wheel attached to each end is set in
bearings extending to the rear of the apparatus, so that the rear bevil
comes into gear with a corresponding wheel keyed to the delivering
cylinder, thus according to the speed of the apparatus over the land
the scattering or spreading of the manure is always proportionate.
When the delivery is not required the cylinder may be thrown out of
gear with the toothed wheels by an ordinary clutch movement, so that
the machine may be conveyed or drawn independently of the delivery
of the manure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ADJUSTABLE LOCK FURNITURE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Mudge at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th January
1868.
I, GEORGE MUDGE, of No. 145, High Street, Notting Hill, in the
County of Middlesex, Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ADJUSTABLE LOCK FURNITURE," to be
as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention has reference to improvements in adjustable lock
furniture, by which Invention the combinations and arrangements of the
several parts thereof are simplified, enabling the same to be more easily
adjusted and securely fixed to any thickness of door or otherwise than by
any system at present in use, and consists of a knob fitted with a
moveable collar and loose pin to work on the ordinary square spindle, a
rose fitted with a bush or lining, and a plate with studs, by the com-
bination and arrangements of which the whole is securely and firmly
fixed to the door or otherwise without screw or thread of any kind
whatsoever.
AN IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING THE SPINDLES AND OTHER PARTS OF MACHINERY USED FOR SPINNING OR TWISTING WOOL, COTTON, MOHAIR ALPACA, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Ashley and Edward
Rawnsley and William Pearson Waite at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 18th April
1868.
We, ALFRED ASHLEY, of Horfon, in Bradford, in the County of
York, Worsted Spinner, and EDWARD RAWNSLEY and WILLIAM
PEARSON WAITE, of the same Place, Overlookers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS
FOR LUBRICATING THE SPINDLES AND OTHER PARTS OF MACHINERY USED FOR
SPINNING OR TWISTING WOOL, COTTON, MOHAIR, ALPACA, OR OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the lubrication of the spinning or twisting
spindles or studs and the lifter guide rods, which have either a
rotary or a sliding motion in or through bearings of or in the frame-
work of such machinery, and the improved means consist of a cup
or dish through which the said spindles, studs, or rods pass, and
outside of which cup or dish is an annular reservoir to hold or retain
a supply of oil or lubricant. A short cord of cotton or other fibrous

page_text: substance is passed through a hole made in the flange or partition
betwixt the reservoir and the cup or dish, and placed in contact
with the spindle stud or rod, which acting thereon by or through
the principle of capillary attraction gradually draws the oil
lubricant from the said reservoir in quantity proportionate to the
size of the hole or to the quantity of fibrous substance passed through
it, and according to the speed or travel or the velocity of motion of
the said spindle stud or rod.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING MACHINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher Smith and John
Macfarlane at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 21st November 1868.
WC, CHRISTOPHER SMITH and JOHN MACFARLANE, both of Glasgow,
in the County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING MACHINES," to be
as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to improvements in washing machines,
particularly to that class of machines in which a reciprocating or
oscillatory motion is given to the box in which the clothes are placed
to be washed. It consists in fixing ribs or feathers on the ends of the
said box, which ribs or feathers are placed at an angle inclining upwards
from each side of the box so as to form inclined planes meeting each
other in the centre of the end. The box is moved backwards and
forwards by a lever which is attached to links centred on the ends of
the box at equal distances from the centre, and during this operation
the clothes are thrown from side to side of the box over the inclined
planes herein-before described, and the increased agitation caused thereby
effects a great saving of of time and labour in the washing of clothes or

page_text: other articles as compared with the machines at present in use. In place
of giving a backward and forward motion to the box containing the
clothes by means of a lever, a wheel and crank may be used. This
machine may also be arranged in connection with rollers so as to form
a washing, wringing, and mangling machine supported on the same
framing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Mortimer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
January 1868.
I, SAMUEL MORTIMER, of Bradford, in the County of York, Machine
and Tool Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the arms which carry the nippers, and which
are technically called the "cart shafts." Heretofore these arms have
been connected by a cross rail or boss at their bottom ends, having a hole
through and bushed, so as to be mounted on and supported by the tappet
shaft. The constant friction and pressure on this shaft by the working
of the said arms and the action of the nippers produces considerable wear
and tear, and also occasions loss of motive power. In order to remedy
this I mount the said arms on a rocking shaft supported on the frame-
work of the machine underneath the tappet shaft, forming a slot hole in
each of the said arms of sufficient size to span the tappet shaft and allow

page_text: for oscillation thereof. These arms I form and fix on the rocking shaft,
either separately or connected, as usual, and I fix a bearing or pedestal
on the frame to support the middle of the tappet shaft; or I place a strap
or brace connecting the tappet shaft and the rocking shaft intermediately
thereof, so as to diminish the pressure on the former shaft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MASTING OF SHIPS AND VESSELS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Russell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
July 1868.
I, DANIEL RUSSELL, of Camberwell, in the County of Surrey, Master
Mariner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MASTING OF SHIPS AND VESSELS," to be as
follows:-
The chief object of my Invention is to so construct or arrange the
masting or rig that the masts can be lowered when desired, as, for
instance, when steaming against the wind.
For this purpose I
substitute for the ordinary lower mast a pair of sheers or legs, hollow
or solid, the lower ends of the two sheers being respectively secured
at the port and starboard sides of the vessel, where their feet are
bolted or hinged in troughs or shoes. The apex or meeting point of the
sheers forms an upper cellar or cap for the top mast, while a girder
between the sheers, at a suitable distance from the apex, forms both
a lower collar or cap for the top mast and a truss for the lower yard.
The top mast can be struck or raised in these collars according to

page_text: requirement. When it is required to lower the sheers which constitute
the lower mast their feet or lower ends are made free to move in the
troughs or shoes, and the sheers are then lowered until they rest with
their upper part upon a crutch or fork; the stem of this crutch
passes through a metal cylinder or stanchion split at the foot, and
rests on a spring at the bottom, this spring forming a sort of
buffer to prevent chafe in a seaway and absorb the shock in case of
coming down too quickly. When it is required to again raise the
sheers the crutch is caused to move upwards by gearing or otherwise
until the sheers are sufficiently high to allow a single stay or rope
attached to the apex to act so as to return the sheers to their normal
position. When the sheers are to be lowered the top mast may be
struck by being caused to slide in the collars.
As the weight of the sheers and other parts is by my arrangement
thrown upon the ends of the deck beams the latter may be suitably
strengthened.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING HYDROCARBON OILS AND SPIRITS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Sherwood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th April
1868.
I, ISAAC SHERWOOD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Lamp Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING HYDROCARBON OILS AND SPIRITS,"
to be as follows:-
My improvements in lamps for burning hydrocarbon oils and spirits
relate to a means of regulating the flame when ignited by raising
and lowering the wick tube surrounding or enclosing the wick
instead of raising and lowering the wick itself as usual. To effect
this I screw the lower end of the tube surrounding the wick into a
ring or collar in which a screw thread is tapped, and which is also
screwed into the body of the lamp. The wick which I prefer to be
of tubular form is placed upon an inner tube serving to supply air
to the flame and communicates with the reservoir of hydrocarbon oil
or spirit in the usual way, said oil or spirits being either in a liquid
state or absorbed in a sponge or other material. To regulate the
flame the tube surrounding the wick is simply rotated in one direction

page_text: or the other by means of a projecting flange surrounding it, which
raises or lowers the tube in the collar before mentioned by means of
the screw formed upon it, the upper edge of the tube being thus
adjusted in relation to the wick as desired. Upon the upper part of
this tube I also form a screw thread upon which to screw the gallery
carrying the lamp chimney, by which means the position of the
chimney relative to the flame may be readily adjusted so as to obtain
a maximum of light by simply screwing or unscrewing the gallery
on the tube which raises or lowers it as desired. If a globe is used
on the lamp in addition to the chimney I may adapt the flange
before mentioned as a gallery for the globe and make use of it as
before to rotate the adjustable tube for regulating the flame.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DRIVING BANDS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Blue Harris at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st November 1868.
I, ISAAC BLUE HARRIS, of Edinburgh, North Britain, Superintendent
of the North British Rubber Company, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DRIVING
BANDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel mode of manufacturing driving
bands which ensures both strength and durability at a comparatively
small cost. I first form a core composed of woven wire embedded in a
sheet of soft vulcanized india-rubber or gutta percha, or compounds
of those materials. I employ of this embedded woven wire one or more
layers according to the strength of band required to form the core, and
of a length and breadth determined by the size of band required to be
made. The upper face I overlay with sheet rubber to cover the exposed
wire. Round the core thus formed I lap a coating of strong cotton
cloth or canvas prepared on one side with the soft rubber or gutta percha
compound, joining the edges of the lapping cloth on the face of the

page_text: band, and this joint I cover with the strip of the compound. The
fabric thus formed I submit to pressure and to the vulcanizing process,
and I thus form a material that will possess great strength and sufficient
flexibility to serve the purpose of a driving band, while it has little or
no tendency to stretch.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Iwan Wassilljewitsch Nasarow
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 3rd March 1868.-A communication from abroad by
Grigory Wassilljewitsch Nasarow, of Gagarinskajer Pristan, St.
Petersburgh.
I, IWAN WASSILLJEWITSCH NASAROW, of Finsbury Square, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
iron and steel.
In order to produce iron or steel direct from the ore I treat the ore
with a solution of carbonate of soda in water, allowing the solution to
stand for a considerable time in contact with the ore. The weight of
the carbonate of soda employed may be about, say, one-fortieth part of
the weight of the ore. The ore thus prepared is placed in a furnace.
A reverberatory furnace supplied with a hot blast may advantageously
be employed. The ore is melted down, and iron or steel is obtained
according as the metal is allowed to remain in the furnace a longer

page_text: or a shorter time. In this way a compact bloom is obtained which may
be forged and rolled.
Scrap iron also is according to this Invention treated with a solution
of carbonate of soda and melted down as above stated, carbon being in
some cases added. A fluid steel is obtained which may be cast into any
desired form, or the metal may be left longer in the furnace and formed
into blooms which may be hammered and rolled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS AND FIRE ENGINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ferdinand Carl Philippson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 6th November 1868.
I, FERDINAND CARL PHILIPPSON, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of
Prussia, Engineer, but now residing in Salisbury Square, in the City
of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS AND FIRE ENGINES," to be as follows:-
In my improved pump or fire engine I prefer to place the cylinder
or cylinders in a vertical position and make them either single or
double acting. In the single cylinder double-acting pump or engine
the valve chest is placed by the side of the cylinder, and a cover which
is casily removeable is mounted on the top plate of the valve chest.
The pressure valves or discharge valves are adapted to the top plate of
the valve chest and the inlet valves are placed immediately below
them, or if preferred the two sets of valves may be placed side by side.
The top plate of the valve chest has an aperture leading to the space of
the form of the letter U or any other suitable shape between the seats
of the inlet valves and in communication with the outlet pipe. The
outlet and inlet passages are in the body of the pump below the valves

page_text: consequently in order to get at the latter it will only be necessary to
detach the cover which is secured to the body of the pump by screws
and nuts, so that by simply removing these nuts and screws the cover
may be removed and access obtained to the valves beneath without
detaching the pressure pipe.
In adapting the Invention to fire engines I employ two single-acting
cylinders with pistons provided with adjustable clastic packing. The
pistons are formed of metal discs or plates, between which are placed
two pieces of india-rubber over which are drawn the leather buckets
which work against the sides of the cylinder. A screwed rod provided
with nuts passes through the centre of the discs, so that by screwing
down the nuts the india-rubber will be squeezed out and cause the
leather buckets to bear against the sides of the cylinder. The inlet and
discharge valves may be placed in separate chambers arranged one
on one side and the other on the other side of the air vessel, or the
valve chamber of each oylinder may be provided with its proper inlet
and discharge valve. Of course two, and if desired four cylinders may
be combined in one pump or engine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR ADDITIONS TO CHAIRS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund William Pyle Taunton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 2nd December 1868.-A communication from abroad by
Thomas Sampson, of Providence, State of Rhode Island, United
States of America.
I, EDMUND WILLIAM PYLE TAUNTON, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR ADDITIONS TO CHAIRS," to be as
follows:-
The said Invention consists of the improvements in or additions to
chairs herein-after described, the said improvements or additions having
for their object to make chairs of the ordinary construction capable of
taking a motion similar to that of ordinary rocking chairs.
The said Invention consists in applying a spring to each of the front
legs of chairs in the manner herein-after explained. The said spring is
interposed between the bottom of the leg of the chair and the floor,
whereby the front of the chair is raised. The gentle inclination of the
body backwards and forwards occasions an alternate compression and

page_text: relaxation of the springs and consequently a rocking motion in the
chair.
It is preferred to make the springs of a spiral coil of steel or iron wire
somewhat similar to furniture springs. To the top of the spring a
metallic cup or socket or plate is affixed which may be screwed or
otherwise fastened to the leg of the chair, the broad base of the spring
resting on the floor. The form of the spring may be varied.
AN IMPROVED RELIEVING COUPLING FOR WIRE RIGGING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st August 1868.-A communication from abroad by W. H. Shock,
of Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America..
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the "International Patent Office,"
No. 8, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Mid..
dlesex, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the, nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED RELIEVING COUPLING FOR WIRE RIGGING," a
communication, to be as follows:-
The said Invention relates to a convenient and simple device for
securing the ends of wire ropes forming the shrouds or stays and other
standing rigging of a ship or other vessel, and for relieving such rigging
from the severe and injurious strains arising from rigid fastenings..
The nature of the said Invention consists chicfly in the employment:
of cushions of india-rubber or other similarly elastic substance in com-
bination with a metal coupling made in two parts, one part being.
secured to the side of the vessel or other fixed point, while the other..
part is connected with the wire rope.

page_text: The coupling or connection consists of a metal cylinder or tube
provided with a rod fitted to slide through one end of the said cylinder.
The said rod passes through the clastic cushions, of which there may be
any desired number, the same being preferably separated from each other
by metal washers. The head of the rod is rivetted or otherwise securely
attached to the inner end of the said rod, and the outer end of the same
is provided with an eye or other convenient means for securing it to the
wire rope. The cylinder or box of the coupling is provided with a screw
which extends through a nut formed in the end of a link; the latter has
two jaws or legs, which are jointed or hinged to a metal plate or band. The
said plate is intended to be secured by bolts, screws, or otherwise to the
side of the vessel or other support, and is made of suitable size and
strength to give the required security to the rigging. The screw is
formed with a perforated boss or other convenient means for the appli-
cation of a wrench or key, whereby the said screw may be adjusted to
stacken or tighten the rigging. The end of the screw is preferably
provided with a cross. bar which slides on the two legs of the link and
forms a guide and support to the screw. When from any cause an
excessive strain is produced upon the wire rigging the sliding rods to
which the ropes are connected will be permitted by the elastic cushions
to move endwise in the cylinder or box sufficiently to prevent injury to
the said ropes, while at all times the coupling gives an elastic and also
a perfectly strong and safe support to. the rigging.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE AND OTHER PUMPS AND WATER ENGINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Syson Nibbs at the
Office of the Commmissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th July 1868.
I, JAMES SYSON NIBBS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Lamp Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE AND OTHER PUMPS AND WATER ENGINES,"
to be as follows, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in the employment of a cylinder having a
single piston rod, which is provided with two valves attached thereto,
the one valve being attached near the centre of the piston and the second
at or near its lower end; a third valve is secured at or near the bottom
of the cylinder and below the lowest valve of the piston; the piston rod
is worked up and down in the cylinder by means of a suitable handle,
and the cylinder is furnished with a base or foot rest for steadying the
action of the pump or engine; a suction hose or pipe is provided, and is
secured near the foot or base of the cylinder, and a delivery pipe furnished
with a nozzle or perforated cap is secured at or near the mid-length of
the cylinder.

page_text: The action of a pump or water engine so constructed is as follows :-
The suction hose or pipe is inserted into a vessel or reservoir of water,
and upon the upward stroke of the piston a vacuum is caused, which
allows the lowest valve to open and the water to enter the cylinder
beneath the lower valve of the piston; the upward stroke of the piston
at the same time admits atmospheric air through the upper valve
into the space between the upper and second valve; the downward
stroke of the piston will now cause the water to pass the second valve
and meet the confined air, which being pressed by the upper valve
forces the water through the delivery pipe in a continuous stream.
AN IMPROVED BUCKLE OR FASTENING, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE. TO BELTS, BANDS, STRAPS, TRACES, AND THONGS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Milsted at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
November 1868.
I, HENRY MILSTED, of City Road, in the County of Middlesex,.
Book-keeper, in the employment of S. Mordan and Company, of the
said Place, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED BUCKLE OR FASTENING, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE.
TO BELTS, BANDS, STRAPS, TRACES, AND THONGS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the construction of a buckle or
fastening in such manner that it shall have sufficient play to permit.
of its being readily and easily opened, that is to say,, of its tongue or
prong being readily disengaged from the hole into which it takes or
engages, and also to prevent undue strain on its connection with the
band, strap, or other article to which it is attached. Also when applied
to parts of harness it allows an amount of freedom very advantageous.
to the respiration or other physical movements of the horse or draft
animal employed.

page_text: My improved buckle or fastening is thus constructed :-It consists of
two parts combined, that is to say, the sides or lateral arms of the frame
of the buckle instead of being, as is usual, each a solid or continuous
piece, are spring arms or sides, that is to say, each such side consists of a
rod, bar, or arm, entering a hollow or tubular rod, bar, or arm, and used in
combination with a spring. The tubular arms are capable of sliding on
or over the inner arms, or the inner arms of sliding in the tubular arms.
One part of the buckle frame thus consists of an end bar or end piece, and
of two hollow or tubular arms or sides, while the other part of the frame
consists of an end piece and of two arms or sides entering the hollow or
tubular arms or sides, and combined with springs, a prong or tongue
being on one of the end bars. Proper stops are provided to prevent the
inner arms from being drawn too far outward.
For the better explanation of the Invention I will, by way of example,
suppose my improved buckle applied to a harness trace, spiral springs
being used and fitted between a collar on each inner arm and a collar on
each tubular arm. When the trace is fastened, the tongue of the buckle
being in a hole in the opposite part of the trace, the springs expand to
some extent. But when the strap is pulled in order to detach the
tongue from the hole the tubular arms slide on the inner arms, the
springs are compressed, and the disengagement of the tongue from
the hole in the strap is readily effected.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN NECKTIES OR CRAVATS, AND IN FASTENERS FOR THE SAME, AND WHICH FASTENER MAY BE USED AS A FASTENING IN COMBINATION WITH SHIRTS AND SHIRT COLLARS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Taylor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd July
1868.
I, ALFRED TAYLOR, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN NECKTIES OR CRAVATS, AND IN FASTENERS FOR THE
SAME, AND WHICH FASTENER MAY BE USED AS A FASTENING IN COMBINATION WITH
SHIRTS AND SHIRT COLLARS," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My improvements consist in so arranging the tie or cravat that the
parts that come together in the front shall be provided with worked
or other eyeletted holes or apertures for receiving the shank of my
improved fastener, which may be formed of bone, ivory, pearl, metal,
or other suitable material having an expanded or flat termination at
its inner end, and so fashioned at the front end of the shank that a
stud or other attachable ornament may be secured in, on, or otherwise
attached to it.
In using these improvements the shank of the fastener may be
passed through the necktie or cravat singly, or through the shirt

page_text: collar and portable collar as well as through the cravat or necktie
combinedly, the whole being then secured together by the fixing of
the front stud or other ornament in position; thus buttons or ornamental
dress pins are rendered unnecessary.
AN IMPROVED PORTABLE APPARATUS FOR ADMINISTERING RESINOUS SUDATIONS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th May 1868.-A communication from abroad by Messieurs
Taillotte and Henry Caudron, both of 15, Passage des Petites
Ecuries, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son,
of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED PORTABLE APPARATUS FOR ADMINISTERING RESINOUS SUDATIONS," a
communication to me from abroad by Messieurs Taillotte and Henry
Caudron, both of 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries, Paris, France, to
be as follows:-
The apparatus the subject of this Invention is illustrated on the
accompanying Sheet of Drawing forming part of this Provisional
Specification. It is made of fire-clay, is about 20 inches high, not
including the chimney, and about 14 inches in diameter. In the inner
part is placed an ash-pan E, above which is a fire-clay grating D;
C, centre of fire-place, in which the fuel is placed. When the inner
temperature has attained the requisite degree the muffle F is withdrawn.

page_text: The botton has a layer of ashes of about 2 inches thick in order
to prevent the vapour issuing smoky; the muffle is then filled with
resinous wood. About two-thirds the height of the apparatus is the
capital or head B, which is removed for putting in or removing the
fuel or to arrange the muffle filled with resinous wood. In the upper
part four similar doors or openings A are arranged for exhaling the
resinous vapour by stopping the opening of the chimney G. This
chimney is so arranged that it may be immediately removed to with-
draw the fuel and place the muffle F furnished with resinous wood;
this chimney being then replaced by a tube which conducts the vapour
into the bed of the patient. Two iron handles are provided for carrying
the apparatus from place to place.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE PASSENGERS, GUARDS, AND DRIVERS OF RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Ward at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th October
1868.
I, JOSEPH WARD, Railway Carriage Builder, of No. 12, Lambourn
Road, Clapham, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATION
BETWEEN THE PASSENGERS, GUARDS, AND DRIVERS OF RAILWAY TRAINS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of a method or methods of taking up the slack
in ropes or chains used for the communication between the passengers,
guards, and drivers of railway trains. A cord or chain with short cords
or chains attached to it passing into each compartment for the use of
the passengers passes along the top or other convenient part of the
carriage or frame, and passes round a fixed pulley at each end, and
thence around a sliding pulley on to similar pulleys on the end of the
next carriage. These sliding pulleys are connected by a chain, cord, or
rod, and the distance between them never varies. Each sliding pulley
is attached to the carriage by the means of a chain or rod furnished with
a spring of india-rubber or steel forming an elastic connection, so that
the distance between the centre of the sliding pulley and the fixed end

page_text: of the elastic connection is made to. vary as the ends of the carriages
vary in distance from the action of the buffers and draw springs. The
line, chain, or cord is attached to a gong on the engine or tender and
to a gong or other signal in the guard's van. Instead of the elastic
connection mentioned the sliding pulleys may be connected by a rigid
jointed rod working in guides fixed on the ends of the carriage, which
arrangement will render the elastic connection between the sliding
pulleys and the carriage unnecessary. The cord or chain between the
carriages is provided with a proper coupling.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES AND CARRIAGES ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Charles Sterry at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th February 1868.
I, ARTHUR CHARLES STERRY, of Woodgate Cottage, Ewell, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES AND CARRIAGES
ON RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the prevention of unevenness or
irregularity in the motion of locomotive engines, tenders, carriages, and
wagons along the rails owing to the dip of the wheels in passing over
breaks, indentations, or weak places in the line. For this purpose my
Invention consists in arranging three, four, or more pairs of wheels
with their axle boxes fixed in a rigid bar on each side of the locomotive
engine or carriage in such a manner that while one wheel is passing
over a break, indentation, or weak place the remaining wheels on the
same side of the engine or carriage may be passing over solid or rigid
portions of the linc, and may thereby in combination with the rigid
bar support the wheel and prevent it from dipping into the hollow,
and causing that degree of unevenness of motion to which trains are

page_text: at present liable. The rigid bars may be connected by cross bars so
as to form a frame or truck on wheels without springs; and the springs
which support the locomotive engine or carriage may be fixed to the
said bars or frame. But if preferred the said springs may be dispensed
with, and the truck or other carriage supported directly on the bars
or frame, which bars or frame may also be made to form part of the
structure of the carriage itself. The locomotive engine or carriage
may also be supported on two bogies, each of which is formed with
three, four, or more pairs of wheels, with their axle boxes fixed in
rigid bars, as above described. Or the locomotive engine or carriage
may be supported on two bogies, each with two or more pairs of
wheels, the axle boxes of which are fixed in rigid bars, the two bogies
being also connected together by rigid bars for the purpose abovo
referred to.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS OR SMOKE EXHAUSTERS APPLI- CABLE TO CHIMNEYS OF DWELLING-HOUSES AND OTHER SIMILAR BUILDINGS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustav Fajen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
October 1868.
I, GUSTAV FAJEN, of Leighton Road, Kentish Town, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS OR SMOKE EXHAUSTERS APPLI-
CABLE TO CHIMNEYS OF DWELLING-HOUSES AND OTHER SIMILAR BUILDINGS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an apparatus made to the size of the
internal part of a chimney, flue, or other opening of a circular, oval, or
square construction.
The apparatus is made of sheet iron galvanized, block tin, zinc, copper,
or brass. On the external part there are steel springs fixed of an
elongated or globular shape. There are flaps or metal doors fitted and
hung on hinges; the action of the springs on the flaps or doors are of
sufficient power to hold the apparatus in position when placed in such
chimney, flue, or other opening. The internal part of the apparatus is
fitted with a fan, screw, or worm made of metal, and of any desired

page_text: diameter, pitch of screw, or elevation thereof. This fan, screw, or worm
is provided with a steel spindle fixed in the centre, with glass bearings
fitted, on which it will rotate either in a vertical, horizontal, or in an
elevated position. The apparatus is fixed in the chimney, flue, or other
opening at a distance of six feet or within the space of sixteen inches
of the fire contained in the stove, range, or grate; the heat from the
fire and the current of air in the chimney, fluc, or other openings gives
motion to the fan, screw, or worm. The apparatus is fitted with a
damper and register, or can be worked with a damper fitted at the
bottom or top of the fan, screw, or worm box, and made to slide in
grooves, or made to open and shut by being hung on hinges. The
apparatus is fitted with a lever or handle for opening or closing the
said damper and register for the purpose of regulating the speed or
motion of the fan, screw, or worm for ventilation, and also for ex-
hausting the foul air and smoke out at the top of dwelling-house
chimneys, flues, or other similar openings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS OR STEAM GENERATORS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Richard Griffiths at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th November 1808.
I, WILLIAM RICHARD GRIFFITHS, of Stapleton Road, in the County
of Bristol, Horticultural Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS OR STEAM GENERATORS," to
be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to economise fuel by so constructing
and arranging the heating surfaces of steam generators that as much
as possible of the heat given off by the combustion of the fuel may be
transmitted to the water contained in the boiler.
In carrying out my Invention I construct the main part of the
boiler in the form of a waggon boiler, and the fire-bars may be either
solid as usual or made tubular so as to contain water which will be
heated by the incandescent fuel thereon. These fire-bars if tubular
may be connected either at one or both ends with the main water
chamber. Immediately above the fire-place there is another set of
tubular bars also connected at one or both ends with the water space
of the boiler. The heat from the fire below will act on these water

page_text: tubes and quickly generate steam, but in order to prevent the heated
gases from passing between the tubes without giving off their caloric
flat iron plates are placed on the tubes, but space is left at the rear or
inner end to allow the smoke and gases to pass up to the space above
the tubes and from thence out at the front of the boiler to a flue space
above. By this arrangement of parts a vastly increased heating
surface is obtained, and the boiler is not only compact but is more
easily set than ordinary waggon boilers, inasmuch as the dome of
brickwork or masonry can if desired be built upon and round the
boiler itself, which simply rests on brickwork piers. The boiler may be
made either with a water space at the inner end, or it may be built up
of masonry. A space may be formed at the lower part of the boiler
below the level of the fire-bars to form a mud space and the wall of an
ash-pit.
IMPROVED APPARATUS AND MEANS FOR PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN STEAM BOLLERS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andreas Franz Leale at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st July 1868.
I, ANDREAS FRANZ LEALE, of Litchfield Street, Soho, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS AND MEANS FOR PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN STEAM
BOLLERS AND OTHER VESSELS," to be as follows:-
The novelty of this Invention consists in connecting (by preference to
the outside of a steam boiler or other vessel) an apparatus so connected to
the boiler or other vessel as to ensure circulation of the water through it,
and in so doing to arrest, hold back, and separate the earthy and other
solid matters contained in the water, and thereby to prevent incrusta-
tion in boilers and other vessels. I propose to effect this by placing
in the said apparatus any fibrous substance or material suitable for
the purpose. I have found tow or hemp answer well.
The following is an example of the construction of the apparatus
above mentioned as applied to the boiler of a locomotive engine, that
is to say, to the outside of the boiler I connect a pipe of large diameter,
one end of this pipe is fixed underneath the boiler near one end thereof,

page_text: and the other end of the said pipe is fixed near the opposite end of the
boiler at the level of the water therein, the pipe will thus assume a
slanting position. Within this pipe is placed and fits loosely a perforated
or wire gauze pipe filled loosely with fibrous material. A screw cap
secures the same steam-tight in the outer pipe and there are cocks fitted
thereto for shutting off the communication with the inside of the boiler
when it is required to remove the fibrous material, which can be done
and fresh fibrous material be replaced without stopping the working of
the boiler.
I propose, if desirable, to adapt the foregoing apparatus and means to
vessels employed for superheating water, and to conduct the water thus
heated divested of incrustating matter into a boiler as feed water, and
this applies more particularly to fixed or stationery boilers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PERCUSSION FUSES SUITABLE FOR PROJECTILES TO BE FIRED FROM RIPLED ORDNANCE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Pettman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
February 1868.
I, JOHN PETTMAN, of 1, Mounty Terrace, Eglinton Road, Plumstead,
in the County of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PERCUSSION FUSES SUITABLE FOR PROJECTILES
TO BE FIRED FROM RIPLED ORDNANCE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in percussion fuses
suitable for projectiles to be fired from rifled ordnance.
In order to form a percussion fuse which is more simple and cheap
to manufacture than the fuses at present in use, I make a conical
screw plug to enter the fuse hole of the shell or projectile; this plug
has in it a cylindrical cavity, into which a piston is fitted, and the
piston is held in its place by metal pins inserted into holes bored
through the sides of the screw plug and into the piston. The piston
has at its forward end a ring groove turned in it, into which fulminating
material is introduced; and it is covered over with a thin plate of
metal which closes the groove flush with the general surface of the
piston, and so protects the fulminate that a heavy blow is required

page_text: to fire it, otherwise it might be too sensitive. Over the piston the
mouth of the cylindrical cavity is closed by a stopper screwed into
it, and between the stopper and the piston is a chamber in which a
metal ball or pellet is contained, and it is held stationary in a seat in
the centre of the piston by the stopper being closed down upon it.
Through the centre of the piston immediately under the ball or pellet
is a vent hole, and on the under side of the piston small charges of
compressed powder are filled into recesses prepared for them. The
bottom of the cylindrical cavity has an opening in the centre, into
which a thin metal disc is fitted and fixed so as to close it safely and
water-tight, but in such a manner that the explosion of the small
compressed charges under the piston will readily burst it out.
The action of this fuse is as follows:-When it is fired from the
gun the metal pins which secure the piston shear off, and the piston
which is then free moves along towards the back of the cylindrical
cavity, crushing in doing so a leaden cup which is dropped into
the cylindrical cavity beneath it, and which serves to prevent rebound.
The ball or pellet is now free in the space over the piston, and the
rotation of the shot causes it to place itself in contact with the
circumference of the cavity. When the projectile strikes the piston
is thrown violently forward against the ball, the fulminate explodes
and fires the bursting charges beneath the piston, the weak bottom
of the cylindrical cavity of the fuse is then blown out, and the flame
passes to the bursting charge of the projectile.
A NEW MANUFACTURE OF PIGMENTS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Berger Spence and
Richard Roper Kelly at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 16th September 1868.
We, JOHN BERGER SPENCE and RICHARD ROPER KELLY, of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Merchants, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW MANUFACTURE OF PIGMENTS,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the application of refuse iron arising from
the purification of illuminating gas as a pigment. A salt of iron, as is
well known, is used for extracting sulphur from gas, and when that
operation has been performed we take the purifying material and drive
off the sulphur by heat in an ordinary furnace; the material we find is
then available as a pigment, and may be mixed with oil or other usual
medium for producing a paint. We also find that a similar pigment
may be obtained from pyrites used in the ordinary manufacture of
sulphuric acid, preferably when such pyrites are calcined in a finely

page_text: divided state, as is now sometimes practised, the material when the
sulphur is driven off being similar to that above described. The above-
mentioned materials may be ground by ordinary apparatus.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF 'CREEL' OR BOBBIN HOLDER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Richardson Turtle
Mulholland at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 6th January 1868.
I, JOSEPH RICHARDSON TURTLE MULHOLLAND, of Belfast, in the
County of Antrim, and Kingdom of Ireland, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF 'CREEL'
OR BOBBIN HOLDER," to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed to remedy the principal defects in the
usual methods of constructing the creels or boxes used to carry the
bobbins of yarn in spinning mills, and in the stoves or drying chambers
used to dry wet spun yarn.
The ordinary method is to have a box with wooden sides and the
bottom either of wooden bars with iron pins in them to carry the bobbins,
or with the bottom made of iron with pins in the cross ribs; both these
methods entail great expense in keeping in repair, as the wooden bars
split and let the pins get loose, and the iron bottom, besides being very
heavy to carry, is owing to its weight liable to be broken or separated
from the sides. Another objection is that the strength of material
required to carry the pins prevents more than half the number of

page_text: bobbins from being put in, and still leaving a free passage for the
current of heated air.
By my Invention however these objections are effectually remedied.
The bottom of the box is formed of wire netting, the portions at the
point of crossing being twisted together, and thus forming a pin or
holder for the bobbin at right angles to the net or bottom of the box.
I thus combine lightness, durability, and a free air space, which allows
of double the number of bobbins being put in the same size of creel.
The lightness of the bottom also lessens the liability to breakage, and
owing to its not retaining the heat it does not burn the wooden sides
of the box, as is the case with the heavy iron bottom.