IMPROVEMENTS IN CYLINDERS FOR PUMPING, FORCING, OR COMPRESSING AIR AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Myles Kennedy and Joseph Eastwood, both of Ulverston,
in the County of Lancaster, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CYLINDERS
FOR PUMPING, FORCING, OR COMPRESSING AIR AND OTHER FLUIDS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Myles Kennedy and Joseph
Eastwood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th July
1880.
MYLES KENNEDY and JOSEPH EASTWOOD, both of Ulverston, in the County
of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CYLINDERS FOR PUMPING, FORCING, OR
COMPRESSING AIR AND OTHER FLUIDS."
According to our Invention we construct the cylinders without suction valves
and arrange suction inlet apertures round the middle of the cylinder, the water box
being divided in centre to receive inlet holes, and we arrange an annular outlet or
delivery valve at each end in a valve chamber. The piston as it passes the central
suction inlet holes forces or compresses the fluid enclosed in advance of its path.
Each delivery valve slides on a boss of cylinder cover and in an enlarged part of
cylinder, which may form half the face or seat for the valve to beat against, the
other ring or face being fastened to the cylinder cover by bolts or screws, and the
circular valve ring being slipped on before the seating valve ring joint is made.
The valve is kept against its sent by springs. The valve face or beat may be
made of metal or other suitable material. This form of valve obviates waste
spaces lost in passages.
On the inside of cylinder cover or valve seat ring we arrange a small valve with
hole communicating with the outside of cover to destroy the vacuum, so that the
piston moves back to centre of cylinder with little or no resistance. When applied
as an air compresser we use small jets of water through the suction inlets for
lubricating and cooling the piston, and there is a small tap or valve at each end of
cylinder for letting out the water accumulated behind the delivery valves.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Myles Kennedy and Joseph Eastwood in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 8th January 1881.
24
MYLES KENNEDY and JOSEPH EASTWOOD, both of Ulverston, in the County
of Lancaster. IMPROVEMENTS IN CYLINDERS FOR PUMPING, FORCING, OR
COMPRESSING AIR AND OTHER FLUIDS."
According to our Invention we construct two single acting air compressors in one
cylinder without suction valves and arrange suction inlet apertures. round. the
middle of the cylinder, the water box being divided in centre to receive inlet holes,
and wo arrange an annular outlet or delivery valve at each end in a valve chamber.
The piston as it passes the central suction inlet holes forces or compresses the fluid
enclosed in advance of its path.
Each delivery valve slides on a boss of cylinder cover and in an enlarged part
of cylinder, which may form half the face or seat for the valve to beat against,
the other ring or face being fastened to the cylinder cover by bolts or screws, and
the circular valve ring being slipped on before the seating valve ring joint is
made.
The valve is kept against its seat by springs. The valve face or beat may be
-made of metal or other suitable material. This form of valve obviates waste places
lost in passages.
On the inside of cylinder cover or valve seat ring we arrange a small valve with holo
communicating with the outside of cover to destroy the vacuum, so that the piston
moves back to centre of cylinder with little or no resistance. When applied as an
air compressor we use small jets of water through the suction inlets for lubricating
and cooling the piston; and there is a small tap or valve at each end of cylinder for
letting out the water accumulated bebind the delivery valves:
And in order that this our Invention may be more fully understood, we will now
proceed to describe the accompanying Drawings, shewing how this our Invention
is or may be carried into effect. Figure 1 is a part side view and part longitudinal
section through the cylinder; Figure 2 is a central vertical cross section; and
Figure 3 an end view.
The cylinder A, in this case shewn horizontal, is formed with an outer water box
or cooling jacket B for the greater part of its length, but divided in the centre so as
to leave a space there suitable for receiving a number of air inlet holes b; these may
be all round or in the upper part only, the former especially, in case the cylinder is
vertical. The outer jacket B is also formed with a number of holes a, contained
in a narrow band or separate part B', which is fixed by two screws, as shewn.
At each end of the cylinder there is a valve ring or annular outlet or delivery
valve C, which has a facing c of metal or other suitable material, and has its outer
seating at el against the cylinder, which is here bored out a little larger, and its
inner seating against the ring or face D, which is bolted to the end cover E of the
cylinder. The circular valve ring C works in a valve chamber between the cover
and the end of the cylinder proper, and can slide in a boss of the cylinder cover E.
The valve C is put on the boss before the ring.D is bolted thereto, forming a joint
therewith. The valve C is kept to its seat by means of helical springs F. It will
be observed that in this construction of valve there is no waste of space in passages;
G is the piston of ordinary construction. In the cover E wo fit a very small valve c
as shewn; this valve is made to open inwards, so that when tho piston recedes from
the cover, air will rush in at e and destroy the vacuum, and the piston G will then
move freely back to the centre of the cylinder. This valve e is chiefly needed when
the cylinder is used for air compressing; ƒ is a tap for drawing off the water which
accumulates in the valve chamber.

page_text: When the cylinder is used as an air compresser small jets of water are injected
through the holes 6 for lubricating and cooling the piston.
The action of the two single acting air compressers in one cylinder is as follows:-
When the piston moves from the centre to one end, the air or other fluid which has
been previously admitted at that one by the holes a and b is enclosed, and is forced
through the ring valve C at that end, and thence by the passage H to the main
delivery pipe or outlet I; the same action takes place at the opposite end of tho
cylinder when the piston makes its return stroke; the air or other fluid entering by
the holes a and b is thus entrapped each time the piston passes the middle of the
cylinder.
When the cylinder is used for pumping liquids, instead of water jacket we have
a narrow belt or jacket cast round centro of cylinder, with suitable branch cast on
for one suction valve, the inlet holes communicating from inside of belt or jacket to
inside of cylinder. Figure 4 shows in longitudinal, and Figure 5 in central cross
section such an arrangement. K is the suction valvo, and b, b, are the holes in the
cylinder. C is the annular delivery valve at each end.
And having thus described and ascertained the nature of this Invention, we
declare that we claim as our improvements in cylinders for pumping, forcing, or
compressing air and other fluids,―
First. The construction of ring delivery valve and seating, described and shewn.
Second. The construction of two single acting air compressers in one cylinder
without any suction valves, and having a cooling jacket, which is interrupted in the
middle where the air enters by holes a and b, and having an annular delivery valvo
and a vacuum valve e at each end, all arranged and operating substantially as
described and shewn.
Third. The construction of two double acting pumps for liquids, the cylinder having
a central belt or jacket with a suction valve and with holes b, and having an annular
delivery valve at each end, all arranged and operating substantially as described and
shewn.
In witness whereof, we, the said Myles Kennedy and Joseph Eastwood, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Sixth day of January, in the year
On that night hondad nd nichts ann