Improvements in Apparatus for Promoting the Circulation of Water in Steam Generators.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Apr., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 7th July, 1892-Accepted, 27th Aug., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Promoting the Circulation of Water
in Steam Generators.
I, JAMES DAGLISH, of 47 Chillingham Road, Heaton, in the City and
County of Newcastle upon Tyne, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
•
My invention relates to appliances whereby the circulation of water in steam
boilers is promoted from the time of first lighting the fires until steam is raised to
required pressure and continuously thereafter.
The apparatus may be fitted in several modified forms but in any form it depends
upon establishing an upward current from the more or less cold water lying below
the furnace bars which is gradually heated by contact with intensely hot surfaces
until it reaches the water level of the boiler where it is delivered at a very high
temperature and it is replaced by currents of heated water descending from
above.
To effect these objects I propose to utilise the great heat of the surfaces of the
tops or sides, or both, of the combustion chambers, or a portion of such surfaces, by
means of an apparatus fitted over the combustion chamber or chambers, and of
which apparatus the top of the chamber may form the bottom, and which has
outlets at top extending a few inches above the water level in the boiler.
From a suitable point, or points, of such apparatus I lead a pipe, or pipes, to any
convenient part of the bottom of the boiler with open ends.
The mode of applying my invention will depend upon the construction of the
boiler but as an illustration, I will describe it as applied to a marine boiler of the
ordinary type, having three furnaces each opening into a separate combustion
chamber, to which type of boiler it is especially applicable. On the tops of the
chambers I fix the box shaped apparatus extending over the whole of the top
surfaces, or so much of them as is most efficient, and from it I continue down the
spaces between the centre chamber and the wing chambers vertical continuations of
the apparatus forming enclosed channels, of which the sides of the combustion
chambers may form two sides, down toward the junction of the furnaces and from
that level pipes may be taken to the lower portions of the boiler amongst the colder
body of water.
It will thus be seen that I form a tube, tubes, or channels, having one end open
to the bottom of the boiler and the other end open above the water level and the
sides of the said tube being formed by the sides of the combustion chamber, I so
utilise this very extensive heating surface for the rapid generation of steam in the
said tubes or channels and, as the water is heated and discharged above, it is
replaced by the colder water from the bottom of the boiler rushing into the tube
and so a continued and automatic circulation is kept up from the bottom of the
boilers commencing as soon as the temperature commences to affect the water,
continuing even when standing under "banked" fires, and until the fires are drawn
and the boiler is reduced to a temperature at which it loses its effect on the
water.
In the case of a boiler having one combustion chamber with one furnace, or
common to two or three furnaces, I utilise the top of the combustion chamber
as heating surface connecting the apparatus by means of a tube or channel through
the water spaces at the sides of the chamber to the bottom of the boiler and which
discharge the heated current above the water level in the apparatus on top of
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page_text: combustion chamber, or I may also utilise the heated sides of the combustion
chamber.
T. J. DANSON,
By L. W., per F. B.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Promoting the Circulation of Water
in Steam Generators.
I, JAMES DAGLISH, of 47 Chillingham Road, Heaton, in the City and County
of Newcastle upon Tyne, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to appliances whereby the circulation of water in steam
boilers is promoted from the time of first lighting the fires until steam is raised to
the required pressure and continuously thereafter.
The apparatus may be fitted in several modified forms but in any form it depends
upon establishing an upward current from the more or less cold water lying below
the furnace bars which is gradually heated by contact with intensely hot surfaces
until it reaches the water level of the boiler where it is delivered at a very high
temperature and it is replaced by currents of heated water descending from above.
To effect these objects I propose to utilise the great heat of the surfaces of the
combustion chambers, or a portion of such surfaces, by means of an apparatus fitted
thereto and forming enclosed channels having outlets at top extending a few inches
above the water level in the boiler and extending downward to or below the level
of the furnace bars where their bottoms are closed in and, from a suitable point, or
points, of such apparatus, I lead a pipe or pipes, to any convenient part of the
bottom of the boiler with open ends.
The mode of applying my invention will depend upon the construction of the
boiler but as an illustration, I will describe it as applied to a marine boiler of
the ordinary type, having three furnaces each opening into a separate combustion
chamber, to which type of boiler it is especially applicable. Down the spaces
between the centre chamber and the wing chambers vertical casings, forming the
enclosed channels, of which the sides of the combustion chambers may form two
sides, are carried down to about the level of the furnace bars and from that level
the open ended pipes are taken to the lower portions of the boiler amongst the
colder body of water.
It will be seen that in my Provisional Specification I provide for placing box shaped
vessels forming part of the apparatus over the tops of combustion chambers but by
experimental trials I have found that these will not generally be required and
involve some difficulties in fitting them clear of the roof-stays but I reserve the
right to use them when necessary.
It will thus be seen, that I form a tube, tubes, or channels, having one end open
to the bottom of the boiler and the other end open from the water level and the
sides of the said tubes, being preferably formed by the sides of the combustion
chamber, I so utilise this very excessive heating surface for the rapid generation of
steam in the said tubes or channels and, as the water is heated and discharged
.above, it is replaced by the colder water from the bottom of the boiler rushing into
the enclosed channel or tube so that a continued and automatic circulation is kept
up from the bottom of the boilers, commencing as soon as the temperature
commences to effect the water, continuing, even when standing under "banked
'fires, and until the fires are drawn and the boiler is reduced to a temperature at
which it loses its effect on the water.
In the case of a boiler having one combustion chamber with one furnace, or
'common to two or three furnaces, I utilise the top of the combustion chamber,

page_text: as described in my Provisional Specification, as heating surface connecting the
apparatus by means of tubes or channels through the water spaces at the sides
of the chamber to the bottom of the boiler which discharge the heated current
above the water level in the apparatus on top of combustion chamber, or I may
also utilise the heated sides of the combustion chamber.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
On the accompanying sheet of drawings I illustrate my invention by Figs. 1. 2
and 3 as applied to different types of boilers.
Fig. 1 is a cross section through the three separate chambers of a boiler having
3 furnaces.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section. The fine dotted lines indicate the water being
heated in the apparatus the stronger lines indicating the water in main body
of boiler.
From above the water line enclosed channels EC of thin sheet iron extend
downward in the water spaces between the centre and wing chambers, (the sides
of which may form two sides of said channels) and are closed at bottom except
where they open into pipes P which lead away into the water in the bottom of the
boiler with open ends.
Enclosed channels may also extend down the water spaces between the backs of
the combustion chambers (which may form two sides of said channels) and the
back of the boiler and these channels may be connected with the others or may
form separate channels with separate pipes leading from them into the water in the
lower part of the boiler.
The enclosed channels E C between the sides of the centre and wing chambers
will be arranged so as to come outside the rows of screwed stays of these chambers
and in the case of the water spaces between the backs of the chambers and the back
of the boiler, if so fitted, the enclosed channels will be arranged so as to pass down-
ward between and clear of the screwed stays.
It will be understood that as there is no difference of pressure between the
outsides and insides of the enclosed channels E C they do not require to be rivetted
or bolted close up to the plates of the roofs, sides and backs of the combustion
chambers but, when in position, they can be supported by a few tap bolts and by
hangers from the stays and may be further secured in position by light bars with
tapered "catters" to draw the sides together.
Referring to Figs. 2 and 2ª the mode of application of the apparatus needs no
further explanation but on Figs. 3 and 34 in which there is only one common com-
bustion chamber 1 propose to fit the enclosed casing EC on the roof of the
chamber from the ends of which enclosed channels or pipes Popen at bottom extend
downward between the casing EC and the bottom of the boiler. Enclosed channels
between the backs of the chambers and the back of the boiler may in some cases
be fitted with pipes leading away as before to the water in the bottom of the
boiler.
-
In various other modified forms my invention may be adopted for other types
of boilers, such as double ended, as will be understood without being illustrated by
drawings.
The operation is as follows:-
On fires being lighted and as soon as the surfaces of the combustion chambers
become heated the water in the enclosed channels E C is raised in temperature
and ascending currents are established, the hot water discharging over the open
tops of the channels E C into the upper main body of water. Colder water from
the bottom of the boiler now enters the enclosed channels by the pipes P and this
is replaced by water which has been partially heated by the currents of hot water
descending from above and this proceeds until globules of steam are formed in the
enclosed channels, which rising are discharged into the steam space, the descending
currents of hot water taking the place of the water not so heated in the bottom of

page_text: the boiler until steam is raised to the working pressure and the water in all parts
of the boiler is practically of the same temperature when the colder feed water
entering the boiler is similarly treated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
The improvements in promoting circulation in steam boilers by the utilisation
collectively or separately of the heated surfaces of the combustion chambers, by
means of apparatus comprising enclosed channels having openings only at top and
bottom by means of which the water in contact with the heated surfaces of the
tops, sides and backs of the combustion chambers, or such of these parts as are
available, is separated from the main body which can only enter the enclosed
Thus the
channels by pipes leading from the colder water in the boiler bottom.
water in the enclosed channels, in contact with the heated surfaces of the com-
bustion chambers, being rapidly heated an upward current is established, the heated
water and globules of steam, ascending and escaping through the top openings,
being replaced by colder water from the bottom of the boiler the place of which is
taken by water warmed by contact with descending currents of heated water from
the surface so that automatic circulation of the water from the bottom of the
boiler to the water level is maintained substantially as described and shewn by
drawings or in any of the modified forms.
Tul 6th 1809
T. J. DANSON, F.I.P.A.,
Chartered Patent Agent, 2, St. Nicholas Buildings, Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
Agent for Applicant.