IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAYS AND IN CARRIAGES TO RUN
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Edward Cawley and John Newton, of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Civil Engineers, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAYS AND IN CARRIAGES TO RUN
"
Sealed the 29th April 1870, and dated the 2nd November 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Edward
Cawley and John Newton at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 2nd November 1869.
We, CHARLES EDWARD CAWLEY and JOHN NEWTON, of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Civil Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAYS AND
CARRIAGES TO RUN THEREON," to be as follows:-
Our Invention refers,-
Firstly. To those tramways in which a groove is formed for the
purpose of receiving a guide wheel which may be withdrawn at pleasure.
In tramways of this construction it has been usual to employ a central'

page_text: line specially adapted for the guide wheel. We propose to dispense with
this central line, and to form the required groove in one or both of the
rails upon which the carriage runs, and to adapt to the said carriage a
side or two side wheels.
Secondly. Our Invention relates to such tramways as aforesaid or to
others in which a flat surface of metal is presented to the road, and
consists in grooving the said flat surface transversely or in forming
projections thereon for the purpose of affording a foot hold for horses.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Edward Cawley and John Newton in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 2nd May 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CHARLES
EDWARD CAWLEY and JOHN NEWTON, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Civil Engineers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Charles Edward Cawley and John Newton,
Her special license that we, the said Charles Edward Cawley and John
Newton, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said Charles Edward Cawley and John Newton, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TRAMWAYS AND IN CARRIAGES TO RUN THEREON," upon the condition, amongst
others, that we, the said Charles Edward Cawley and John Newton,
by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals (or under the
hand and seal of one of us), should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: IE, that 1, the said on Newton, de fereby declare
the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say) :-
Our Invention refers,-
Firstly. To tramways in which a groove is formed for the purpose of
receiving a guide wheel, which may be withdrawn at pleasure. Tram-
ways which have hitherto been constructed on this principle consist of
three lines, two of them being used for the ordinary wheels of the
vehicle, the third being central and provided with a groove for receiving
the aforesaid guide wheel. According to our Invention we dispense with
this central line and form a groove in one or both of those side rails
upon which the vehicle runs, and adapt to the said vehicle a guide wheel
or wheels to run therein, by which means we avoid the expense and
inconvenience of a third line.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying Drawing explains this part of our
Invention, a, a¹, being the rails upon which the wheels of the vehicle
run, and at 6 is a central line provided with a groove c into which the
guide wheel is lowered at pleasure by the driver, according to the
method described in the Specification of a Patent granted to John
Haworth, dated September 25th, 1860, No. 2326.
By our Invention we dispense, as above stated, with this central
line b, and in the side rails a, a', upon which the vehicle runs form
grooves d, d, for the reception of moveable guide wheels, or instead of
providing both side rails with grooves we so form one of them only and
use a single guide wheel on one side of the vehicle. The said guide
wheel or wheels may be adapted to the vehicle as now practiced and
described in the Specification of John Haworth aforesaid, and be raised
at pleasure in a similar manner, with the exception that the said wheel
is in our case adapted on one or both sides of the vehicle.
Our second improvement relates to the tramways above described or
to others in which a flat surface of metal is presented to the roadway,
and consists in a method of gaining foot hold for horses travelling
thereon, for which purpose we groove the said flat metal transversely
across its surface. This part of our Invention is shewn in plan view at
Fig. 2, in which e, e', represent the two lines of rails which may be con-
structed in any required form. Across these rails we form grooves ƒ, ƒ¹,
and by preference at such distances apart that they shall be in a

page_text: "
line with the spaces between paving stones or "sets
g, by which
arrangement the metals between the said spaces form continuations of
the "sets," but if they be not so disposed the metal still constitutes
projections similar to those of the other parts of the roadway. We have
shewn the two parts of our Invention separately, but they may of course
be combined if desired.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of our said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it
to be understood that we claim as secured to us under the above in part
recited Letters Patent,-
Firstly. Forming a groove in one or both side rails and adapting to
vehicles a moveable guide wheel or wheels to run therein.
Secondly. Grooving the rails of tramways transversely across their
surfaces.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Newton, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.