Improvements in Gas and Oil Motor Engines.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Jan., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 12th Sept., 1894-Accepted, 20th Oct., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by THE GASMOTOREN FABRIK DEUTZ, of Köln-
Deutz, Germany, Manufacturers.]
Improvements in Gas and Oil Motor Engines.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of London, Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improved apparatus for supplying combustible fluid
under pressure to four stroke cycle gas or oil motor engines.
In the Specification to Patent No. 52730 was described an arrangement whereby
a flexible diaphragm on a chamber communicating with the gas or air supply
or with the mixing chamber of the engine was made to control both the combustible
fluid supply valve and the discharge valve of the engine. The present invention
relates more particularly to oil motor engines and has for its object to control the
oil supply independently of the discharge valve by a separate flexible diaphragm
communicating with the air supply or the vaporising or mixing chamber, whereby,
on the one hand a very ready means of regulating the speed of the engine is
obtained, and on the other hand it is rendered possible to place the device controlling
the oil supply, together with the oil reservoir at any desired point away from
the engine, which is of advantage when imflammable oils such as benzine are
employed.
According to one arrangement for this purpose, the combustible fluid is supplied
to the vaporising and mixing chamber by means of a small force pump the piston or
plunger of which has a pivoted stem in line with the notched end of the reciprocating
rod of an eccentric, crank, or cam on the engine shaft, which consequently would
tend to actuate the force pump at each revolution.
The said stem is connected by a pivoted rod to a flexible diaphragm fixed on a
chamber that communicates by a pipe either with the air supply pipe or with the
vaporising or mixing chamber of the engine.
The diaphragm is held by a spring in an outward position in which it moves the
said pivoted stem of the oil pump out of line with the eccentric rod, so that under
these conditions the eccentric cannot actuate the oil pump. When the engine
is performing its suction stroke however a partial vacuum is formed in the mixing
chamber and air pipe, whereby a corresponding reduction of pressure is produced in
the chamber of the diaphragm, causing this to be pressed inwards by the atmosphere
and consequently to draw the stem of the pump in line with the eccentric rod
so that on the forward motion of the latter during the suction stroke of the
engine, the pump will be actuated so as to force a charge of oil into the evaporating
and mixing chamber.
The discharge valve of the engine also carries a pivoted stem that is in line with
the rod of an eccentric on the engine shaft, so that at each revolution the eccentric
would force open the discharge valve, were it not that the pivoted stem is connected
to a flexible diaphragm, the chamber of which communicates with the mixing and
vaporising chamber of the engine and consequently draws the stem to one side out
of line with the eccentric rod during the suction stroke, so that during the following
compression stroke the eccentric does not open the discharge valve. For
regulating the speed of the engine the eccentric rod has pivotted to it a weighted
lever having a beak that in the normal position of the lever rests against the side

page_text: of the pivotted stem, the lever being then held against a stop on the eccentric rod
by a spring. When the engine runs too fast, the inertia of the weighted lever
causes it to lag behind during the forward motion of the eccentric rod, and by such
action of the weighted lever, its beak is caused to press the pivotted stem of the
discharge valve to one side so that the valve is not opened by the eccentric during
the discharge stroke. The combustion gases in the cylinder are consequently
alternately compressed and expanded by the following strokes of the piston until
the speed is reduced to the normal again and as there is during this time no
reduction of pressure in the air pipe or vaporising chamber, there will also be no
injection of oil by the pump and no admission of a combustible charge.
When actuating the oil supply pump directly or through a lever from the before
mentioned flexible diaphragm communicating with the air pipe or vaporising
chamber the diaphragm and pump can be connected directly with the oil reservoir,
situated in a chamber separated from the engine, the oil pump, being connected by
a pipe with the vaporising chamber. The discharge valve can in this case either
be worked by an eccentric on the engine shaft and a hit-and-miss device controlled
by a diaphragm and inertia governor in a similar manner to that above described or
it may be worked in any other known manner such as by a countershaft running at
half the speed of the engine shaft and carrying a cam that effects the opening of the
discharge valve at each revolution of the countershaft.
In this case the regulation of the speed may be effected either by a hit-and-miss
device controlled by a governor, or by causing a governor, when the normal speed
is exceeded, to actuate a catch that holds the discharge valve permanently open so
that the combustion gases are in this case alternately expelled and drawn in again
by the strokes of the piston until the speed is reduced again. As in this case there
will also be no reduction of pressure in the air supply pipe and vaporising chamber
during this time, the oil pump will not be actuated by its diaphragm.
Although in the several above described arrangements the diaphragm of the oil
pump has been described as being operated by the reduction of pressure on the
suction stroke, it will be obvious that the diaphragm, or a small piston in lieu
thereof may also be operated by the compression stroke of the engine piston, in a
similar manner to that described in the Specification to Patent 4823 of 1890; in
this case the oil would be forced into the vaporising and mixing chamber during the
compression stroke, and it would be retained there during the working and expelling
strokes (as the admission valve would remain closed) thus giving it time to be fully
vaporised before being admitted to the cylinder during the suction stroke.
Although the above described improvements are mainly applicable to oil motor
engines yet they are also applicable to engines worked by elastic combustible fluid,
such as gas, in which case the oil pump would simply be replaced by a valve on a
gas admission pipe.
Dated this 8th day of January 1201
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Gas and Oil Motor Engines.
J, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of London, Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performel to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
4
This invention relates to improved apparatus for supplying combustible fluid 5
under pressure to four stroke cycle gas or oil motor engines.
In the Specification to Patent No. 5273 of 1890 was described an arrangement
whereby a flexible diaphragm on a chamber communicating with the gas or air

page_text: supply or with the mixing chamber of the engine was made to control both the
combustible fluid supply valve and the discharge valve of the engine.
The present invention relates more particularly to oil motor engines and has for
its object to control the oil supply independently of the discharge valve by a
separate flexible diaphragm communicating with the air supply or the vaporising
or mixing chamber, whereby, on the one hand a very ready means of regulating the
speed of the engine is obtained, and on the other hand it is rendered possible to
place the device controlling the oil supply, together with the oil reservoir at any
desired point away from the engine, which is of advantage when inflammable oils
Buch as benzine are employed.
I will describe the said invention with reference to the accompanying drawings
in which
Fig. 1 shews a vertical section of an oil motor engine in which the oil is supplied
by a pump p into a vaporising and mixing chamber o where it mixes with the air
supply entering through pipe L, the resulting combustible mixture being admitted
to the engine cylinder on the suction stroke of the piston, through the automatically
opening admission valve q. The plunger of the oil pump has for this purpose
hinged to it a stem c¹ which is in line with the notched end of a rod b¹ receiving
vertical reciprocating motion from a cam or excentric a¹ on the engine shaft, while
to the stem c¹ is pivotted a rod connected to a flexible diaphragm h¹ fixed to a
chamber that communicates by a pipe i¹ with the air supply pipe L, the
diaphragm being pressed outwards by a spring a so as to tend to keep the stem c¹
out of line with the rod . The discharge valve f of the engine has pivotted to
its rod a stem c in line with the notched end of a rod b receiving vertical
reciprocating motion from an excentric or cam a on the engine shaft.
To the stem c is pivotted a rod connected to a flexible diaphragm / fixed on a
chamber 9 which communicates by a pipe i with the chamber o above the admission
valve 4.
To the rod is pivotted a weighted lever m acted upon by a spring y
holding it against a stop 62 and having a beak n that faces the stem c.
The action of the engine thus constructed is as follows. On the downward or
suction stroke of the engine piston, the resulting decrease of pressure produced
in o and L causes a corresponding decrease of pressure in the chamber causing
diaphragm h to be pressed inwards by the atmosphere against spring and
consequently to draw the stem c¹ in line with rod 6 so that on the then ensuing
upstroke of the latter, the excentric a' forces up the plunger of the pump p,
whereby a charge of oil is injected into the vaporising chamber, mixing with the
air and passing into the cylinder through valve q.
This charge is then compressed by the upstroke of the piston, is then fired and
the working downstroke is performed, while at the same time as full atmospheric
pressure has again entered chamber g', spring al in pressing outwards, moves
out of line with b¹. At the completion of the downstroke the excentric a in forcing
the rod against the stem c of valve, opens the latter so as to allow the com-
bustion gases to escape.
This action continues so long as the speed is normal.
When the engine runs too fast, the inertia of the weighted lever m causes it to lag
behind during the upstroke of rod whereby beak n is made to press stem e to the
right hand, against the action of spring so as to bring the stem out of line with
the rod b, and consequently the valve fis not opened during the return stroke of
the piston, which is thus made to compress the combustion gases. On the following
outstroke of the piston these gases expand again, and there being no suction action
there is no reduction of pressure in o, L, and and consequently the spring c
maintains the stem c¹ in the position out of line with the rod 1, so that the oil
pump p is not actuated. This action continues until the speed of the engine is
reduced to the normal again, when the described action of lever m ceasing, the
discharge valve will again be opened by the excentric a, and a fresh combustible
charge will be introduced at the suction stroke. The plunger of the pump p after
having been forced upward by the excentric a¹ is moved down again to its original
position against a stop by a spring &².

page_text: It is obvious that in place of the flexible diaphragms h h and chambers g g¹
small cylinders and pistons may be used, also that in place of a pump p any
equivalent device for introducing combustible fluid under pressure into the mixing
chamber may be employed.
Figs. 2, 3 and 4 shew an arrangement in which the pump p and controlling
diaphragm h¹ for the oil supply are independent in their action from any motion
derived from the engine so that they can be arranged separate therefrom in any
convenient position such as in direct connection with the reservoir K for the oil
supply as shewn.
This arrangement also has the advantage of enabling the engine room to be kept
free from danger of explosion or fire such as might occur through the leakage of
inflammable oil from the pump. In this case the diaphragm h' instead of controlling
a stem on the pump plunger that is actuated by an excentric on the engine shaft,
is made itself to act on the pump plunger p through the medium of an elbow
lever, for injecting the charge of oil.
The chamber gis, as before, connected by a pipe i¹ with the air supply pipe L of the
engine while the diaphragm h¹ is connected by its stem to the one arm of the elbow
lever the other arm of which acts on the plunger p of the oil pump so as to force
a charge of oil supplied from the reservoir K through valves v and pipe u to the
spraying jet m in the chamber o of the engine. This action is produced, as in the
first described arrangement, by the suction stroke of the engine, producing a partial
vacuum behind the diaphragmn whereby this is drawn inwards.
The plunger p is forced forward again after the charging stroke by a helical
spring in the pump, the stroke of the pump and consequently the charge of oil
being controlled by an adjustable screw stop z' against which a tail on the lever =
bears at the end of the charging stroke.
In the arrangement of the engine at Fig. 4, A is the chamber through which the
charge of air and oil vapour or spray entering through the valve enters the
engine, which chamber also communicates with the discharge valve f for the com-
bustion gases, the rod of which carries the pivotted stem c, controlled by the
diaphragm on the chamber g connected by a pipe i to the chamber o of the engine,
and operating in conjunction with the inertia governor M on the excentric rod 6 in
the same manner as described in the first arrangement for preventing the opening
of the discharge valve at the compression stroke and when the engine runs too
fast.
In the arrangement shewn at Fig. 5, the diaphragm is dispensed with, the
governing of the engine being effected by a centrifugal governor R as follows. The
opening of the discharge valve at the discharge stroke of the engine is effected by
meaus of a revolving cam t on the plate n of the countershaft y revolving at half
the speed of the engine shaft, the cam being made to act upon a roller w on the
stem of the valve. When the engine runs too fast the governor R moves down-
wards a red s that, when the valve has been pushed open by the cam, takes into
the notch on the valve rod and thus prevents the discharge valve from closing, so
that at the successive strokes, the combustion gases are alternately expelled and
drawn in again until by the reduction of speed the governor withdraws the
locking rods, and allows the valve fto close again.
Although in the several above described arrangements the diaphragm of the oil
pump has been described as being operated by the reduction of pressure on the
suction stroke, it will be obvious that the diaphragm, or a small piston in lieu
thereof may also be operated by the compression stroke of the engine piston, in a
similar manner to that described in the Specification to Patent 4823 of 1890; in
this case the oil would be forced into the vaporising and mixing chamber during
the compression stroke, and it would be retained there during the working and
expelling strokes (as the admission valve would remain closed) thus giving it time to
be fully vaporised before being admitted to the cylinder during the suction stroke.
Although the above de-cribed improvements are mainly applicable to oil motor
engines yet they are also applicable to engines worked by elastic combustible fluid,

page_text: such as gas, in which case the oil pump would simply be replaced by a valve on a
gas admission pipe.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. In a four stroke cycle gas or oil motor engine, the use in combination with a
flexible diaphragm such as controlling a stem c connected with the discharge
valve of the engine, of a second flexible diaphragm such as controlling a pump
or valve for the admission of combustible fluid to the mixing chamber of the engine,
substantially as herein described.
2. In a four stroke cycle gas or oil motor engine, supplying the combustible fluid
to the mixing chamber of the engine by means of a pump or admission valve
worked by a flexible diaphragm such as ', or equivalent device, the chamber g¹ of
which is in communication with the air supply pipe or mixing chamber or with the
engine cylinder of the engine, so that during the suction or compression stroke a
partial exhaust or an excess of pressure is produced behind the diaphragm whereby
it is caused to actuate the pump or valve for supplying a charge of combustible
fluid into the engine, the said Hexible diaphragm and pump being in this case
capable of being arranged separate from the engine, substantially as described.
Dated this 1st day of September 1894.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.