IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING LUBRICATING MATTERS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Lemuel Brockelbank, of Willesden, in the County
of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING
LUBRICATING MATTERS."
Sealed the 5th December 1854, and dated the 5th June 1854...
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Lemuel Brockelbank. at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on-the
5th June 1854.
I, LEMUEL BROCKELBANK, of Willesden, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANU-
FACTURING LUBRICATING MATTERS " that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object the preparation of a lubricating compound,
by employing, in combination with soap and oil or fat, the grease or matter
which separates from dead or heavy oil on allowing the same to cool and settle..
For this purpose the grease or matter above mentioned is melted by heat, and
a quantity of soap is introduced and mixed therewith, and also a quantity of
palm or other oil, and having completely melted and well mixed these matters,
they are to be run in a very thin layer on to a metal or other suitable surface
to cool; and it is important to observe this thin pouring, as the matters are
otherwise liable to separate or crystallize, and not retain their grease-like
character.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Lemuel Brockelbank in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 5th December 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LEMUEL
BROCKELBANK, of Willesden, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Lemuel Brockelbank, Her special licence that I, the said Lemuel
Brockelbank, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Lemuel Brockelbank, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MANUFACTURING LUBRICATING MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Lemuel Brockelbank, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Lemuel Brockelbank, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof (that is to say):
:-
This Invention has for its object the preparation of a lubricating compound,
by employing, in combination with soap and oil or fat, the grease or matter
which separates from dead or heavy oil on allowing the same to cool and settle.
For this purpose the grease or matter above mentioned is melted by heat, and
a quantity of soap is introduced and mixed therewith, and also a quantity of
palm or other oil, and having completely melted and well mixed these matters,
they are to be run in a very thin layer on to a metal or other suitable surface
to cool; and it is important to observe this thin pouring, as the matters are

page_text: otherwise liable to separate or crystalize, and not retain their grease-like
character.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed to
describe the manner of performing the same.
In distilling the tar obtained from the ordinary Newcastle coal, one of the
products obtained is a somewhat crystalline and granulated grease, or substance
of a greenish yellow color, which separates from the dead oil in cooling; and
it is, as above stated, the application of this product, when separated from the
dead oil in the manufacture of lubricating matters, which constitutes the pecu-
liarity of my Invention. In the manufacture of lubricating matters, for the
axles of carriages, I employ at the rate of about ten parts by weight of such
separated grease, and one part by weight of common brown soap; these matters
I boil together at as high a temperature as may be conveniently done without
allowing the mixture to boil over, and this boiling is done with a view to mix
the matters as intimately as possible, and to boil off as much napthaline as
conveniently can be done; the boiling is continued for about fifteen minutes
after the soap has dissolved. I find in practice that it is better thus to use soap
only, but a small quantity of palm or other oil may be used with the soap.
Then with a ladle quantities are taken out and dashed on to shallow zine trays,
floating on cold water, so as to produce as thin a film as possible, otherwise
the matters are very liable to crystallize if cooled in a mass of any considerable
thickness. I have found it desirable, with a view to prevent such forming of
crystals in the cooling, to cause the film not to exceed one thirty-second of an
inch in thickness, and to have the water in which the tray floats cold. The
grease is then scraped off the trays and kneaded into a mass, when it will be
fit for use. But the greenish yellow product, above mentioned, which separates
from heavy oil, may be combined and boiled with rough turpentine in place of
with soap, in which case the combined matters may be allowed to cool in the
mass; for which purpose, I take at the rate of ten hundredweights of the
separated grease and a quarter of a hundredweight of rough turpentine, and
I mix and boil them together, till the compound assumes a dark, slightly reddish
brown, and such compound is a good lubricating matter with or without palm
or other oils. By applying the separated product above mentioned, manufactures
of lubricating matters may be obtained, at very small cost, yet of a highly useful
character.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
nerforming the same. I would have it understood that I do not confine myself

page_text: to the relative proportions hercin given; but what I claim is, the application of
the greenish yellow grease separated from heavy oil in the manufacture of
lubricating matters, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Lemuel Brockelbank; have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourth day of December, in the year of our 5
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
Witness,
B. GOBEY,
12, Cursitor Street,
Chancery Lane.
LEMUEL BROCKELBANK. (L.B.).