IMPROVE MENTS IN MULES OR JACKS FOR SPINNING
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Morgan-Brown, of the Firm of Brandon
and Morgan-Brown, Engineers and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton
Buildings, London, and 1, Rue Laffitte, Paris, for the Invention of "IMPROVE
MENTS IN MULES OR JACKS FOR SPINNING." A communication from abroad
by Jacob Herbert Sawyer, of Lowell, Massachusetts, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Morgan-Brown at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th December 1876.
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan-Brown, Engineers
and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings, London, and 1, Rue Laffitte,
Paris.
'IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES OR JACKS FOR SPINNING."
<6
This Invention relates to improvements in mules or jacks for spinning.
In mules and jacks as now constructed, a portion of each spindle for
a short space above the bolster rail is used during the operation of doffing as a
means for holding the ending of the yarn, which yarn is afterwards led from that
point to and is wound upon the cop tube, or cop base, or bobbin, and when the cop
tube or base and spindle, or the bobbin if one is used, has received its yarn load,
then the thread is wound again below the base of the yarn load and on to the
spindle before the cop tube, base, or bobbin with its yarn load is doffed; this
operation leaves the yarn attached to the lower part of the spindle ready to be
wound upon another cop tube, base, or bobbin, or higher up upon the bare spindle.
In mule or jack spinning this spindle surface between the yarn load and top of the
bolster rail is absolutely necessary to hold the yarn before doffing and to retain the
yarn ready to be subsequently wound, and this necessity has prevented the
extension of the bolster above the top of the bolster rail.
The Invention relates to the combination of a rotating spindle supported by and
turning in a foot step with a bushing and bearing extended above the bushing rail,
and with a yarn holder secured to or moveable with the spindle and adapted to
extend down over and cover the upper portion of the bearing. In this way the
spindle is provided with a bearing and steadied at a point quite up to or within the
base of the yarn load, thereby permitting the spindle to be revolved more rapidly
without wabbling, to be made shorter and lighter, and to be run with less power.
CD
1

page_text: Also in the combination with the rotating spindle herein described, and the
bushing and bearing and thread receiver of the fallers.
Also in a moveable carriage, spindle, and faller wires, in combination with a yarn
receiver and holder connected with the spindle and adapted to extend below the
base of the cop tube, cop base, or bobbin.
Also in the combination with a solid rotating spindle and a bobbin, and a bolster
extended up within the base of the bobbin, of a yarn receiver or holder connected
with the solid rotating spindle above the upper end of the bolster and within the
bobbin, and extended below the base of the bobbin to receive and hold the yarn
directed from the bobbin to the receiver or holder, to hold the end of the yarn
before doffing the bobbin, and to receive and cover the upper end of the bolster.
The mule or jack carriage is provided with wheels, spindle, driving drum, bolster
rail, faller, and counter faller, all of any well known or suitable construction, and
operated in any well known or usual way. The spindles are sustained in foot or
end bearings and are provided with wharves to receive driving cords or bands.
These spindles pass through the bolsters sustained in or forming a part of the
bolster rail, their upper ends projecting above the top of the carriage, thereby
elevating the bearing on the spindle with relation to the yarn load, the bearing
operating against portions of the spindles heretofore reserved to receive and hold
the ends of the yarn prior to doffing the yarn load.
On the spindle above the bearing top of the bolster is placed a yarn receiver
or holder which consists of a collar attached to the spindle, and a cylindrical
extension encompassing and passing down, over, and around the upper end of the
bolster, and so arranged as to expose at its lower end a revolving surface below the
base of the cop so that the yarn may be wound thereon prior to the operation of
doffing.
The yarn receiver and holder when a cop tube is used will be attached to the
spindle at a point on the spindle, substantially where the bottom of the cop tube or
yarn load is to terminate, and the upper end of the bolster extends up into this
holder to reduce the amount of vibration specially at the top of the spindle.
In case a wood or other base, truncated or grooved, or notched, or made plain, or
of other well known construction is used, it is provided with an enlarged opening
to fit over the yarn receiver or holder, made longer so as to place the base or lower
end of the yarn load below the upper shoulder of the yarn receiver and holder,
thereby permitting the upper end of bolster to be also extended upward to support
the spindle at a point within, or more or less near the centre of the yarn load, this
construction enabling mule and jack spindles to be supported more efficiently and
to be driven with greater speed without increase of vibration at the top of the
spindles.
The yarn receiver and holder when adapted to extend into a base or a bobbin
may be made cylindrical or tapering upon its outer periphery, or it may be
cylindrical for a greater or less extent, and at or near its lower end above the
portion where the yarn is to be wound prior to doffing the holder may be tapering
so as to cause the base or bobbin to adhere to the yarn receiver and holder, the
inclination being sufficiently gradual to permit the extreme lower end of the base to
be retained in proper position with relation to the movement of the faller wire to
correctly receive the yarn and wind all the yarn loads down to the same position.
The extreme upper end of the yaru receiver and holder when extended is shouldered
or reduced to form a bearing for the base or bobbin at the upper end of the
truncated portion, this construction permitting the upper end of the yarn holder to
steady the base or bobbin at a point near its upper end.
It is of course obvious that the yarn wound below the regular base of the yarn
load, or below cop tube, or cop base, or bobbin, must be wound upon a surface
moving with the spindle, and that it cannot be wound upon a stationary projection
or bolster, therefore the upper end of the bolster is guarded by the yarn receiver
and holder and the latter is preferably provided with annular rings or notches to
hold the yarn.

page_text: The carriage is moved by any usual means, the material to be spun into yarn or
thread is supplied to the spindle from rollers on the head of the machine, the yarn
leaving the rollers, passes over the counter faller and under the faller, and is con-
nected with the spindle or yarn load, and the twist extends from the rollers to the
yarn load.
When the yarn load is of sufficient size to be doffed the faller and counterfaller
are depressed so as to wind the yarn below the base of the yarn load and upon the
yarn holder or receiver that moves with and surrounds the upper end of the bolster,
and after the yarn is fastened to the holder or receiver, the yarn wound in cop form
is doffed from the spindle, leaving the yarn extending from the rollers attached to
the yarn holder or receiver, and after a new cop tube, or base, or bobbin, if either
be used, is applied to the spindles, the counterfaller in its upward movement lifts
the yarn and so guides it from the yarn holder upon the cop tube, base, or bobbin,
that the spindle in its revolution winds the yarn upon the cop tube, base, or bobbin
for a new yarn load.
This Invention is applicable to any well known form of mule or jack.
The interior of the bushing may be provided with grooves to be supplied with oil
through a hole, the grooves and rotating spindle keeping the oil in circulation to
thoroughly lubricate the bearing surfaces.
It is also obvious that these receivers or holders may be applied to the spindles of
ring spinning frames in order to facilitate the operation of doffing the full bobbins.
The receiver or holder placed on the spindle of the ring spinning frame with
relation to the holster and bobbin as herein-before described, will project below the
lower end of the bobbin and rotate with the spindle, and when the bobbin is
supplied with its yarn load the ring rail is lowered, suitable mechanisin for the
purpose being provided to a position lower than any position to which the ring rail
ever descends in its regular motion when the yarn is being wound on the bobbin,
and in this position the yarn is wound on the receiver just before the bobbins
are doffed, in order to retain the yarn connected with a surface moving with
the spindle, ready to be wound on and applied to a new or empty bobbin.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by the
said William Morgan-Brown in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th June
1877.
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan-Brown, Engineers
and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings, London, and 1, Rue Laffitte,
Paris. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES OR JACKS FOR SPINNING." A communication
from abroad by Jacob Herbert Sawyer, of Lowell, Massachusetts, United States of
America.
In mules and jacks as now constructed a portion of each spindle for a short space
above the bolster rail is used during the operation of doffing as a means for holding
the end of the yarn, which yarn is afterwards led from that point to and is wound
upon the cop tube, or cop base, or bobbins, and when the cop tube, or base and
spindle, or the bobbin if one is used, has received its yarn load then the thread is
wound again below the base of the yarn load and on to the spindle before the cop
tube, base, or bobbin, with its yarn load is doffed; this operation leaves the yarn
attached to the lower part of the spindle ready to be wound upon another cop tube,
base, or bobbin, or higher up upon the bare spindle. In mule or jack spinning this
spindle surface between the yarn load and top of the bolster rail is absolutely
necessary to hold the yarn before doffing and to retain the yarn ready to be sub-
sequently wound, and this necessity has prevented the extension of the bolster above
the top of the bolster rail.
The Invention relates to the combination of a rotating spindle supported by and
turning in a footstep with a bushing and bearing extended above the bushing rail

page_text: and with a yarn holder secured to or moveable with the spindle and adapted to
extend down over and cover the upper portion of the bearing.
In this way
the spindle is provided with a bearing and steadied at a point quite up to or
within the base of the yarn load, thereby permitting the spindle to be revolved
more rapidly without wabbling, to be made shorter and lighter, and to be run
with less power.
Also in the combination with the rotating spindle herein described, and the
bushing, and bearing, and thread receiver of the fallers, all adapted to operate
substantially as described.
Also in a moveable carriage spindle and faller wires in combination with a yarn
receiver and holder connected with the spindle and adapted to extend below the
base of the cop tube, cop base, or bobbin, substantially as and for the purpose
herein described.
Also in the combination with a solid rotating spindle and a bobbin and a bolster
extended up within the base of the bobbin of a yarn receiver or holder connected
with the solid rotating spindle above the upper end of the bolster, and within
the bobbin, and extended below the base of the bobbin to receive and hold the yarn
directed from the bobbin to the receiver or holder to hold the end of the yarn before
doffing the bobbin and to receive and cover the upper end of the bolster as set
forth.
In the Drawings forming part of this Specification Figure 1 is a front view of
part of a mule carriage sufficient to illustrate this Invention; Figure 2, an end view
thereof; Figure 3, a section taken through the yarn receiver, and holder, and
bolster ;
and Figure 4, a modified construction of receiver and holder and surround-
ing cop base.
In the Drawing a represents a mule or jack carriage provided with wheels b,
spindle driving drum c, bolster rail d, and faller e, and counter faller f, all of any
well known or suitable construction and operated in any well known or usual way.
The spindles g are sustained in foot or end bearings h, and are provided with
wharves i to receive driving cords or bands j. These spindles pass through the
bolsters sustained in or forming a part of the bolster rail, their upper ends pro-
jecting above the top of the carriage, thereby elevating the bearing on the spindle
with relation to the yarn load, the bearing operating against portions of the spindles
heretofore reserved to receive and hold the ends of the yarn prior to dofling the
yarn load.
On the spindle above the bearing top of the bolster is placed a yarn receiver or
holder n which consists of a collar attached to the spindle and a cylindrical ex-
tension encompassing and passing down, over, and around the upper end of the
bolster and so arranged as to expose at its lower end a revolving surface below the
base of the cop so that the yarn may be wound thereon prior to the operation of
doffing as herein described.
The yarn receiver and holder n when a cop tube is used as at o will be attached
to the spindle at a point on the spindle, substantially where the bottom of the cop
tube or yarn load is to determinate, and the upper end of the bolster extends up into
this holder as shown in section, Figure 3, to reduce the amount of vibration specially
at the top of the spindle.
In case a wood or other base p truncated, or grooved, or notched, as in Figure 1,
or made plain as in Figure 4, or of other well known construction is used, it is pro-
vided with an enlarged opening (see section in Figure 4, and dotted lines, Figure 1),
to fit over the yarn receiver or holder made longer than in Figure 3, so as to place
the base or lower end of the yarn load below the upper shoulder of the yarn receiver
and holder, thereby permitting the upper end of bolster to be also extended
upward to support the spindle at a point within or more or less near the centre of
the yarn load, this construction enabling mule and jack spindles to be supported
more efficiently and to be driven with greater speed without increase of vibration
at the top of the spindles.
The yarn receiver and holder when adapted to extend into a base P or a bobbin

page_text: may be made either cylindrical or tapering upon its outer periphery, or it may be
cylindrical for a greater or less extent, and at or near its lower end above the
portion u (see Figure 4) where the yarn is to be wound prior to doffing the holder
may be tapering (see Figure 4) so as to cause the base or bobbin to adhere to the
yarn receiver and holder, the inclination being sufficiently gradual to permit the
extreme lower end of the base to be retained in proper position with relation to the
movement of the faller wire to correctly receive the yarn and wind all the yarn
Joads down to the same position. The extreme upper end of the yarn receiver and
holder when extended as shown in Figure 4 is shouldered or reduced to form a
bearing r for the base or bobbin at the upper end of the truncated portion, this con-
struction permitting the upper end of the yarn holder to steady the base or bobbin
at a point near its upper end.
It is of course obvious that the yarn wound below the regular base of the yarn
load or below the cop tube, or cop base, or bobbin, must be wound upon a surface
moving with the spindle, and that it cannot be wound upon a stationary projection
or bolster, therefore the upper end of the bolster is guarded by the yarn receiver
and holder, and the latter is preferably provided with annular rings or notches t to
hold the yarn.
The carriage a is moved by any usual means, the material to be spun into yarn or
thread is supplied to the spindle from rollers on the head of the machine, the yarn
leaving the rollers passes over the counterfaller and under the faller, and is con-
nected with the spindle or yarn load, and the twist extends from the rollers to the
yarn load.
When the yarn load is of sufficient size to be doffed the faller and counterfaller
are depressed so as to wind the yarn below the base of the yarn load and upon the
yarn holder or receiver that moves with and surrounds the upper end of the
bolster, and after the yarn is fastened to the holder or receiver the yarn wound in
cop form is doffed from the spindle leaving the yarn extending from the rollers
attached to the yarn holder or receiver, and after a new cop tube, or tube, or base, or
bobbin, if either be used, is applied to the spindles the counterfaller in its upward
movement lifts the yarn and so guides it from the yarn holder upon the cop tube,
base, or bobbin, that the spindle in its revolution winds the yarn upon the cop tube,
base, or bobbin for a new yarn load.
This Invention is applicable to any well known form of mule or jack.
The interior of the bushing may be provided with grooves to be supplied with
oil through a hole w, the grooves and rotating spindle keeping the oil in circulation
to thoroughly lubricate the bearing surfaces.
It is also obvious that these receivers or holders may be applied to the spindles
of ring spinning frames in order to facilitate the operation of doffing the full bobbins.
The receiver or holder placed on the spindle of the ring spinning frame with relation
to the bolster and bobbin as herein-before described will project below the lower
end of the bobbin and rotate with the spindle, and when the bobbin is supplied
with its yarn load the ring rail is lowered, suitable mechanism for the purpose being
provided, to a position lower than any position to which the ring rail ever descends
in its regular motion when the yarn is being wound on the bobbin; and in this
position the yarn is wound on the receiver just before the bobbins are doffed in
order to retain the yarn connected with a surface moving with the spindle ready to
be wound on and applied to a new or empty bobbin.
Having now described and particularly set forth the nature of the said Invention
and the manner of carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that
what I claim is,―
First. A rotating spindle supported by and turning in a foot step in combination
with a bushing and bearing extended above the bushing rail, and with a yarn
receiver and holder secured to or moveable with the spindle and adapted to
extend down, over, and cover the upper portion of the bearing, substantially as
described.
Second. The combination with the rotating spindle herein described, and the

page_text: bushing, and bearing, and thread receiver of the fallers, all adapted to operate sub-
stantially as described.
Third. A moveable carriage, spindle, and faller wires, in combination with a yarn
receiver and holder connected with the spindle and adapted to extend below the
base of the cop tube, cop base, or bobbin, substantially as and for the purpose herein
described.
Fourth. The combination with a solid rotating spindle, and a bobbin, and a
bolster extended up within the base of the bobbin of a yarn receiver or holder con-
nected with the solid rotating spindle above the upper end of the bolster and within
the bobbin, and extended below the base of the bobbin to receive and hold the yarn
directed from the bobbin to the receiver or holder, to hold the end of the yarn
before doffing the bobbin and to receive and cover the upper end of the bolster, as
set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Morgan-Brown, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN.
(L.S.)