Improvements in the Manufacture of Brass, Copper, and other Metallic Tubes, and in Machinery or Apparatus to be Employed in the said Manufacture.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Nov., 1887
Complete Specification Left, Sth Mar., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 13th Apr., 1888
Improvements in the Manufacture of Brass, Copper, and other
Metallic Tubes, and in Machinery or Apparatus to be Employed
in the said Manufacture.
I WILLIAM EDWARD EVERITT of Kingston Metal Works Adderley Street
Birmingham in the County of Warwick Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention consists of improvements on an invention for which Letters Patent
were granted to me dated 1st May 1868 No. 1429.
In manufacturing metallic tubes according to my present invention 1 take a solid
cylindrical ingot or rod and bore therein an axial hole or I take a hollow or tubular
ingot or bar and I operate upon it in the following manner
I expand one end of the hollow cylinder or tubular ingot sufficiently to permit it
to pass onto the bulb of a bulb mandril preferably of the kind hereinafter described
the bulb of the said mandril having a diameter equal to that which it is intended
to give to the interior of the tube. The said hollow cylinder or tubular ingot
made to advance on the bulb of the mandril by means of a pair of rolls having grooves
semicircular in cross section the radius of the said grooves being equal to the radius
it is intended the reduced tube shall have.
I give to the bulb man tril a rotary motion while the tube is being passed over it.
The hollow cylinder or tubular ingot may be operated upon either heated or cold
and the process described may be repeated. Or the final drawing or drawings may be
effected in the ordinary way.
The machinery or apparatus which I employ in the manufacture of tubes according
to my invention is constructed essentially in the following manner: I make a bulb
mandril the rod or stalk of which is longer than the tube to be made the bulb of the
said mandril is of a pear shape but has upon its acting part a series of six or other
number of inclines the said bulb having in cross section at its part of largest diameter
In the said bulb is an axial hole
a figure somewhat resembling a ratchet wheel.
preferably square which fits on the square end of its rod or stalk so that the same rod
or stalk can be used for bulbs of different sizes. The rear end of the said rod or stalk

page_text: is square or angular and takes into the end of a hollow shaft to which rotary motion
is communicated by gearing which connects it with the pair of rolls by which the
hollow cylinder or tubular ingot is rolled. These rolls have grooves semi circular in
cross section as herein before explained and the bulb of the mandril is situated in the
eye of the said rolls.
The action of the machinery or apparatus as follows:-
The rolls being set into rotation by steam or other power the expanded mouth of
the hollow cylinder or tubular ingot is passed onto the bulb of the mandril the hollow
cylinder or tubular ingot being gripped by the rolls and made to advance upon the
said bulb by means of the gearing connecting the mandril with the rolls rotary motion
is given to the mandril the said mandril making about seven rotations to each rotation
of the rolls but I do not limit myself to these proportions. The mandril rotates in
such a direction that the inclined faces of the projections on it have an advancing
motion.
Tubes made according to my invention have an internal soundness unattainable by
the ordinary methods of manufacture.
ent
24
1037

page_text: I WILLIAM EDWARD EVERITT of Kingston Metal Works, Adderley Street,
Birmingham in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature
of my Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
My invention consists of improvements on an invention for which Letters Patent
were granted to me dated 1st May 1868 No. 1429.
In manufacturing metallic tubes according to my present invention I take a solid
cylindrical ingot or rod and bore therein an axial hole or I take a hollow or tubular
ingot or bar and I operate upon it in the following manner.
I expand one end of the hollow cylinder or tubular ingot sufficiently to permit it to
pass onto the bulb of a bulb mandril preferably of the kind hereinafter described
the bulb of the said mandril having a diameter equal to that which it is intended to
give to the interior of the tube. The said hollow cylinder or tubular ingot is made
to advance on the bulb of the mandril by means of a pair of rolls having grooves
semi-circular in cross section the radius of the said' grooves being equal to the radius
it is intended the reduced tube shall have.
I give to the bulb mandril a rotary motion while the tube is being passed over it.
The hollow cylinder or tubular ingot may be operated upon either heated or cold and
the process described may be repeated. Or the final drawing or drawings may
be effected in the ordinary way.
The machinery or apparatus which I employ in the manufacture of tubes according
to my invention is constructed essentially in the following manner.
I make a bulb
mandril the rod or stalk of which is longer than the tube to be made; the bulb of the
said mandril is of a pear shape but has upon its acting part a series of six or other
number of inclines the said bulb having in cross section at its part of largest diameter
a figure somewhat resembling a ratchet wheel. In the said bulb is an axial hole
preferably square which fits on the square end of its rod or stalk so that the same rod
or stalk can be used for bulbs of different sizes. The rear end of the said rod or
stalk is square or angular and takes into the end of a hollow shaft to which rotary
motion is communicated by gearing which connects it with the pair of rolls by which
the hollow cylinder or tubular ingot is rolled. These rolls have grooves semi-
circular in cross section as herein before explained and the bulb of the mandril is
situated in the eye of the said rolls.

page_text: The action of the machinery or apparatus is as follows:-
The rolls being, set into rotation by steam or other power the expanded mouth of the
hollow cylinder or tubular ingot is passed onto the bulb of the mandril the hollow
cylinder or tubular ingot being gripped by the rolls and made to advance upon the said
bulb by means of the gearing connecting the mandril with the rolls; rotary motion is
given to the mandril the said mandril making about seven rotations to each rotation
of the rolls but I do not limit myself to these proportions. The mandril rotates in
such a direction that the inclined faces of the projections on it bave an advancing
motion.
Tubes made according to my invention have an internal soundness unattainable by
the ordinary methods of manufacture.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings the
manner in which my invention is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in plan with the top roll removed and Figure 2 in side elevation
machinery or apparatus constructed according to my invention by the use of which
machinery or apparatus I conduct the method of manufacture constituting part of
my invention but I wish it be understood that I do not confine myself to the use
of that machinery as my method of manufacture may be conducted by the use of
machinery of other kinds.
Figure 3 represents in end elevation, side elevation and cross section the
detachable bulb of the bulls mandril drawn to a large scale; Figure represents the
rod or stalk of the mandril and Figure 5 represents the bulb mandril and a portion
of the shaft by which it is driven.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several Figures of
the Drawings.
።
a, b is the pair of rolls driven in the direction indicated by the arrows upon them
in Figure 2. The said rolls a, b are provided with three pains (or other number of
pairs) of grooves of different sizes for rolling tubes having different external diameters;
c, d is the bulb mandril to which a rotary motion is given and over the bulb d of
which the hollow cylinder or tubular ingot is pushed or made to advance by the
action of the said rolls. The bulb d of the mandril is stationed in the eye of that
pair of grooves of the rolls being used and the long rod or stalk of the bulb mandril
is supported in the U shaped bearing e (see Figure 2) and its front end is fitted to
the rotating shaft through which shaft the said bulb mandril is driven. The bulb d
of the mandril has by preference the pear shape represented in Figure 3 of the
drawings and the acting part of the said bulb has a series of inclined faces upon it.
so as to give the bulb at its largest diameter a form in cross section resembling a
ratchet wheel as seen in the cross section of Figure 3. I will be seen that the
inclined faces of the bulb d are formed by removing portions of the metal from the
original pear shaped bulb. The mandril c, d rotates in such a direction that
the inclined faces of the projections upon its bulb have an advancing motion in the
direction of the arrow Figure 3. By this construction of bulb the friction between it
and the interior of the hollow ingot or tube being rolled is considerably reduced and
the clogging of the bulb by the removed scale is prevented or largely diminished
by the said scale accumulating in the depressed or hollow parts on the acting surface
of the said bulb.
The ends c. c3 of the rod or stalk c of the mandril are square or angular and the
bulb d and the shaft have similarly shaped holes or recesses in them for the said
ends, to fit into respectively. By this means bulbs of different sizes can be fitted
on the said rod or stalk and the rod or stalk of the mandril can he readily fitted to
or removed from its driving shaft f. The grooves in the rolls a, b are semi circular
in cross section and have a radius equal to that of the exterior of the tube to be
manufactured.
The pair of rolls Uy bare driven from the shaft g by pinions in the ordinary way
and the said shaft y is driven from the driving power by the spur wheels h. i. The
shaft by which the rolls are driven is connected to the shaft by which the bulb

page_text: mandril is driven by means of the following gearing and parts. On the shaft carrying
the spur wheel is a second and larger spur wheel k which gears with a similar spur
wheel and the latter gears with a smaller spur wheel m on the part n of the divided
shaft n, n². The part of the divided shaft is geared to the shaft driving the bulb
mandril by means of the bevil wheels p, q. The part n of the divided shaft n, n* has
fixed upon it the clutch box and the part 2 of the shaft is provided with the sliding
clutch for throwing the shaft n into and out of gear with the shaft n.
In order to prevent injurious shock to the bulb mandril when it is put into gear
with the motive power driving the rolls, I give the shafta rotary motion beforo
coupling it with the driving power of the rolls. For this purpose I place on the
shaft fast and loose pulleys at t and drive the fast pulley by means of the band u
the said band being placed on or removed from the fast pulley by the sliding band
fork of the ordinary kind.
In using the machinery and conducting the process of manufacture I proceed as
follows
The rolls a are set in motion and a rotary motion is first given to the bulb mandril
through the fast pulley at t and band and the heated (preferably) hollow ingot or
cylinder is introduced, expanded mouth foremost, into the grooves of the rolls a, b and
the expanded mouth of the hollow ingot passed onto the acting part of the bulb d of
the rotating bulb mandril. The said bulb mandril is now coupled with the driving
power of the rolls by throwing the sliding clutch s into gear with the clutch box 7.
The hollow ingot or cylinder thus gripped by the rolls is made to advance upon or
pushed over the rotating bulb d by the action of the said rolls so as to lengthen the
said ingot or cylinder and reduce its thickness of metal. The partly made tube having
been passed through the rolls and over the bulb of the mandril, the end of the rod
of the said mandril is withdrawn from the shaft and moved backwards or towards
the rolls. The end of the rod is then raised and the tube withdrawn from it and
returned to the front of the rolls ready to be reintroduced into the rolls after its end
has been again expanded. The bulb last used having been removed from the end c
of the rod c another bulb of larger diameter is put in its place and the bulb mandril
is again connected with the shaft when the oporations described are repeated until
the internal diameter of the tube has been sufficiently increased. But the final
rollings or drawings may be effected in the ordinary way and by the use of the
ordinary appliances.
When the grooves in the rolls u, on either side the middle pair are to be used the
mandril supporting and driving parts are fixed in the line of the grooves being used
by sliding the bearings of the shaft in the grooves in the bed plates 2/3 and sliding
the bevil wheel p to the proper position on the shaft n². The tie rods of the bearing
at slide on the cross bar y represented in Figure 1 connected to the housings or
uprights of the rolls a, b.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention
and the manner in which the same is to be performed I declare that I am aware of
Robertson's specification No. 4201 dated 22 October 1878. and claim nothing
described & claimed therein but what I claim as my invention of "Improvements
in the manufacture of brass copper and other metallic tubes and in machinery or
apparatus to be employed in the said manufacture," is
First Manufacturing the said tubes by causing the hollow ingot or cylinder or
partly made tube to be advanced upon or travel over by a pushing motion a rotating
bulb mandril the advancing or pushing motion of the partly made tube being effected
by a pair of grooved rolls in the eye of which the bulb of the rotating bulb mandril
is situated substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings.
Secondly-The combination with a pair of rolls of a rotating bulb mandril the
said bulb mandril being connected with the driving power of the said rolls and
acting substantially as herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings.

page_text: Thirdly The combination or arrangement of the parts herein before described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings for driving the rotating bulb mandril
independently of the motive power by which the pair of rolls is driven.
Fourthly Making inclines on the bulb of the rotating mandril and connecting the
rod or stalk of the rotating mandril to the shaft by which it is driven and the bulb to
the said rod or stalk substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawings.
Dated this Twentieth day of February 1888.
WILLIAM EDWARD EVERITT.

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Nov., 1887
Complete Left, 8th Mar., 1888
Complete Accepted, 13th Apr., 1888
Improvements in the Manufacture of Brass, Copper, and other
Metallic Tubes, and in Machinery or Apparatus to be Employed
in the said Manufacture.
1. WILLIAM EDWARD EVERITT of Kingston Metal Works Adderley Street
Birmingham in the County of Warwick Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention consists of improvements on an invention for which Letters Patent
were granted to me dated 1st May 1868 No. 1429.
In manufacturing metallic tubes according to my present invention I take a solid
cylindrical ingot or rod and bore therein an axial hole or 1 take a hollow or tubular
ingot or bar and I operate upon it in the following manner
I expand one end of the hollow cylinder or tubular ingot sufficiently to permit it
to pass onto the bulb of a bulb mandril preferably of the kind hereinafter described
the bulb of the said mandril having a diameter equal to that which it is intended
to give to the interior of the tube. The said hollow cylinder or tubular ingot is
made to advance on the bulb of the mandril by means of a pair of rolls having grooves
semicircular in cross section the radius of the said grooves being equal to the radius
it is intended the reduced tube shall have.
I give to the bulb mandril a rotary motion while the tube is being passed over it.
The hollow cylinder or tubular ingot may be operated upon either heated or cold
and the process described may be repeated. Or the final drawing or drawings may be
effected in the ordinary way.
•
The machinery or apparatus which I employ in the manufacture of tubes according
to my invention is constructed essentially in the following manner: I make a bulb
mandril the rod or stalk of which is longer than the tube to be made the bulb of the
said mandril is of a pear shape but has upon its acting part a series of six or other
number of inclines the said bulb having in cross section at its part of largest diameter
a figure somewhat resembling a ratchet wheel. In the said bulb is an axial hole
preferably square which fits on the square end of its rod or stalk so that the same rod
or stalk can be used for bulbs of different sizes. The rear end of the said rod or stalk

page_text: is square or angular and takes into the end of a hollow shaft to which rotary motion
is communicated by gearing which connects it with the pair of rolls by which the.
hollow cylinder or tubular ingot is rolled. These rolls have grooves semi circular in
cross section as herein before explained and the bulb of the mandril is situated in the
eye of the said rolls.
The action of the machinery or apparatus is as follows:-
The rolls being set into rotation by steam or other power the expanded mouth of
the hollow cylinder or tubular ingot is passed onto the bulb of the mandril the hollow
cylinder or tubular ingot being gripped by the rolls and made to advance upon the
said bulb by means of the gearing connecting the mandril with the rolls rotary motion
is given to the mandril the said mandril making about seven rotations to each rotation
of the rolls but I do not limit myself to these proportions. The mandril rotates in
such a direction that the inclined faces of the projections on it have an advancing
motion.
Tubes made according to my invention have an internal soundness unattainable by
the ordinary methods of manufacture.

page_text: 1 WILLIAM EDWARD EVERITT of Kingston Metal Works, Adderley Street,
Birmingham in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature
of my Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
-
My invention consists of improvements on an invention for which Letters Patent
were. granted to me dated 1st May 1868 No. 1429.
In manufacturing metallic tubes according to my present invention I take a solid
cylindrical ingot or rod and bore therein an axial hole or I take a hollow or tubular
ingot or bar and I operate upon it in the following manner.
I expand one end of the hollow cylinder or tubular ingot sufficiently to permit it to
pass onto the bulb of a bulb mandril preferably of the kind hereinafter described
the bulb of the said mandril having a diameter equal to that which it is intended to
give to the interior of the tube. The said hollow cylinder or tubular ingot is made
to advance on the bulb of the mandril by means of a pair of rolls having grooves
semi-circular in cross section the radius of the said grooves being equal to the radius
it is intended the reduced tube shall have.
I give to the bulb mandril a rotary motion while the tube is being passed over it.
The hollow cylinder or tubular ingot may be operated upon either heated or cold and
the
process described may be repeated. Or the final drawing or drawings may
be effected in the ordinary way.
The machinery or apparatus which I employ in the manufacture of tubes according
to my invention is constructed essentially in the following manner.
I make a bulb
mandril the rod or stalk of which is longer than the tube to be made; the bulb of the,
said mandril is of a pear shape but bas upon its acting part a series of six or other
number of inclines the said bulb having in cross section at its part of largest diameter
a figure somewhat resembling a ratchet wheel. In the said bulb is an axial hole
preferably square which fits on the square end of its rod or stalk so that the same rod
or stalk can be used for bulbs of different sizes. The rear end of the said rod or
stalk is square or angular and takes into the end of a hollow shaft to which rotary
motion is communicated by gearing which connects it with the pair of rolls by which.
the hollow cylinder or tubular ingot. is rolled. These rolls have grooves semi-
circular in cross section as hereinbefore explained and the bulb of the mandril is,
situated in the eye, of, the said rolls...

page_text: The action of the machinery or apparatus is as follows :-
The rolls being set into rotation by steam or other power the expanded mouth of the
hollow cylinder or tubular ingot is passed onto the bulb of the mandril the hollow
cylinder or tubular ingot being gripped by the rolls and made to advance upon the said
bulb by means of the gearing connecting the mandril with the rolls; rotary motion is
given to the mandril the said mandril making about seven rotations to each rotation
of the rolls but I do not limit myself to these proportions. The mandril rotates in
such a direction that the inclined faces of the projections on it have an advancing
motion.
Tubes made according to my invention have an internal soundness unattainable by
the ordinary methods of manufacture.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings the
manner in which my invention is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in plan with the top roll removed and Figure 2 in side elevation
machinery or apparatus constructed according to my invention by the use of which
machinery or apparatus I conduct the method of manufacture constituting part of
my invention but I wish it be understood that I do not confine myself to the uso
of that machinery as my method of manufacture may be conducted by the use of
machinery of other kinds.
Figure 3 represents in end elevation, side elevation and cross section the
detachable bulb of the bulb mandril drawn to a large scale; Figure 4 represents the
rod or stalk of the mandril and Figure 5 represents the bulb mandril and a portion
of the shaft by which it is driven.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several Figures of
the Drawings.
a, b is the pair of rolls driven in the direction indicated by the arrows upon them
in Figure 2. The said rolls a, b are provided with three. pairs (or other number of
pairs) of grooves of different sizes for rolling tubes having different external diameters ;
c, d is the bulb mandril to which a rotary motion is given and over the bulb d of
which the hollow cylinder or tubular ingot is pushed or made to advance by the
action of the said rolls. The bulb d of the mandril is stationed in the eye of that
pair of grooves of the rolls being used and the long rod or stalk c of the bulb mandril
is supported in the U shaped bearing e (see Figure 2) and its front end is fitted to
the rotating shaft through which shaft the said bulb mandril is driven. The bulb d
of the mandril has by preference the pear shape represented in Figure 3 of the
drawings and the acting part of the said bulb has a series of inclined faces upon it
so as to give the bulb at its largest diameter a form in cross section resembling a
ratchet wheel as seen in the cross section of Figure 3. It will be seen that the
inclined faces of the bulb d are formed by removing portions of the metal from the
original pear shaped bulb. The mandril c, d rotates in such a direction that
the inclined faces of the projections upon its bulb have an advancing motion in the
direction of the arrow Figure 3. By this construction of bulb the friction between it
and the interior of the hollow ingot or tube being rolled is considerably reduced and
the clogging of the bulb by the removed scale is prevented or largely diminished
by the said scale accumulating in the depressed or hollow parts on the acting surface
of the said bulb.
The ends c², c3 of the rod or stalk c of the mandril are square or angular and the
bulb d and the shaft f have similarly shaped holes or recesses in them for the said
ends c2, c to fit into respectively. By this means bulbs of different sizes can be fitted
on the said rod or stalk and the rod or stalk of the mandril can be readily fitted to
or removed from its driving shaft f. The grooves in the rolls a, bare semi circular
in cross section and have a radius equal to that of the exterior of the tube to be
manufactured.
The pair of rolls a, bare driven from the shaft g by pinions in the ordinary way
and the said shaft.g is driven.from the driving power by the spur wheels h, i. The
shaft by which the rolls are driven is connected to the shaft by which the bulb

page_text: mandril is driven by means of the following gearing and parts.
On the shaft carrying
the spur wheel is a second and larger spur wheel which gears with a similar spur
wheel and the latter gears with a smaller spur wheel m on the part n of the divided
shaft n, n. The part 2 of the divided shaft is geared to the shaft driving the bulb
mandril by means of the bevil wheels p, q.
The part
n of the divided shaft n, n² has
fixed upon it the clutch box and the part n of the shaft is provided with the sliding
clutch s for throwing the shaft n² into and out of gear with the shaft n.
8
"'
In order to prevent injurious shock to the bulb mandril when it is put into gear
with the motive power driving the rolls, I give the shaft fa rotary motion before
coupling it with the driving power of the rolls. For this purpose I place on the
shaft fast and loose pulleys at t and drive the fast pulley by means of the band u
the said band being placed on or removed from the fast pulley by the sliding band
fork of the ordinary kind.
In using the machinery and conducting the process of manufacture I proceed as
follows:-
The rolls a bare set in motion and a rotary motion is first given to the bulb mandril
through the fast pulley at t and band u and the heated (preferably) hollow ingot or
cylinder is introduced, expanded mouth foremost, into the grooves of the rolls a, b and
the expanded mouth of the hollow ingot passed onto the acting part of the bulb d of
the rotating bulb mandril. The said bulb mandril is now coupled with the driving
power of the rolls by throwing the sliding clutch s into gear with the clutch box.
The hollow ingot or cylinder thus gripped by the rolls is made to advance upon or
pushed over the rotating bulb d by the action of the said rolls so as to lengthen the
said ingot or cylinder and reduce its thickness of metal. The partly made tube having
been passed through the rolls and over the bulb of the mandril, the end c³ of the rod
of the said mandril is withdrawn from the shaft and moved backwards or towards
the rolls. The end c³ of the rod is then raised and the tube withdrawn from it and
returned to the front of the rolls ready to be reintroduced into the rolls after its ond
has been again expanded. The bulb last used having been removed from the end c²
of the rode another bulb of larger diameter is put in its place and the bulb mandril
is again connected with the shaft when the operations described are repeated until
the internal diameter of the tube has been sufficiently increased. But the final
rollings or drawings may be effected in the ordinary way and by the use of the
ordinary appliances.
α,
When the grooves in the rolls b on either side the middle pair are to be used the
mandril supporting and driving parts are fixed in the line of the grooves being used
by sliding the bearings of the shaft in the grooves in the bed plates fƒ³ and sliding
the bevil wheel p to the proper position on the shaft n². The tie rods of the bearing
at slide on the cross bar y represented in Figure 1 connected to the housings or
uprights of the rolls a, b.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention
and the manner in which the same is to be performed I declare that I claim
as my invention of "Improvements in the manufacture of brass copper and
other metallic tubes and in machinery or apparatus to be employed in the said
manufacture.'
22
First Manufacturing the said tubes by causing the hollow ingot or cylinder or
partly made tube to be advanced upon or travel over by a pushing motion a rotating
bulb mandril the advancing or pushing motion of the partly made tube being effected
by a pair of grooved rolls in the eye of which the bulb of the rotating bulb mandril
is situated substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings.
Secondly-The combination with a pair of rolls of a rotating bulb mandril the
said bulb mandril being connected with the driving power of the said rolls and
acting substantially as herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings.

page_text: Thirdly The combination or arrangement of the parts herein before described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings for driving the rotating bulb mandril
independently of the motive power by which the pair of rolls is driven.
Fourthly Making inclines on the bulb of the rotating mandril and connecting the
rod or stalk of the rotating mandril to the shaft by which it is driven and the bulb to
the said rod or stalk substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawings.
.
Dated the ALT
1000