CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF MACHINERY FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING ALPACA, MOHAIR, WOOL, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1847

page_text: WAUD, of Bradford, in the County. of York, Spinner, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Ninth day of November, in the eleventh year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Edward
Waud, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I,
the said Edward Waud, my executors, administrators, and assigns, and such
others as I, the said Edward Waud, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times during the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF MACHINERY FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING ALPACA, MOHAIR, WOOL,
FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained
a proviso obliging me, the said Edward Waud, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of
my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to
cause the same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in
part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso,. I, the said
Edward Waud, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and

page_text: the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being
had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon, that is to say:
These improvements apply to that class of machinery for preparing flax,
hemp, wool, and other fibrous materials to be spun into rovings, yarns, and
threads, and consist in certain modifications of the screw-gill machinery by
which the fibres of the material are opened, drawn, and refined. These
improvements in the screw-gill machinery are effected by the employment of
conducting screws, of different threads, which lead on the heckle bars with
different degrees of speed or progress, suited to the necessary opening and
draft of the long and short fibres of the material between the back holding and
front drawing rollers, by which I am enabled to produce a more equal and
uniform slubbing, roving, or yarn, by. avoiding the frequent slipping of long
and short fibres, whicb, under my improvements, are partially retained, held,
and drawn by the different progressive speeds of the travelling heckle bars.
In the accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1 represents a top or horizontal view
of a screw-gill machine. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is a
section, taken vertically through the machine, the operating parts on one side
being there exposed to view, the similar letters of reference pointing out the
same parts of the machinery in 'all the Figures. The material, having been
previously carded, combed, or heckled by any of the ordinary means, is
introduced into this machine in the form of carding, sliver, or slubbing, between
the bottom and top retaining rollers a, a, and b, and thence passes onward to
the bottom and top drawing rollers c, c, and d, in which progress the material
is intercepted by three series of heckle bars e, f, and g. These several series
of heckle bars are made to travel onward at different speeds by the rotary
motion of the screw shafts, each series of heckle bars being conducted by
distinct screws or worms on the upper longitudinal shafts 7, their worms having
threads or grooves formed at different degrees of obliquity, as shewn at h, i,
and k, and upon an enlarged scale. in the auxiliary Fig. 4. As each heckle
bar of the several series arrives at the forward end of its range, it is made to
descend into the screws or worms below on the longitudinal shafts m, by means
of wipers n on the longitudinal shaft e, seen in the auxiliary Fig. 5, taken trans-
versely through the machine. These screws on the shaft m below are of a
coarser rake than the conducting screws above, as may be seen in the Figures,
in order that the heckle bars may be conducted back again with a greater
speed than that with which they advanced; and when the heckle bars severally
arrive at the back end of their range, they are raised into the upper worms by

page_text: wipers p on the longitudinal shafts m, seen in Fig. 5. This mode of depressing
and raising severally the heckle bars in a gill machine is, however, well known,
and not intended to be claimed by me as of my Invention.
Having now described the construction and mode of working my Improve-
ments in connection with a gill machine, I must request it to be observed that
I do not intend to confine my Invention to the precise construction and
arrangement shewn in the gill machine represented in the Drawings, as the
same improvements may be adapted to other machinery in which heckle bars
or gill bars are employed for opening and drawing the fibres of flax, wool, and
other materials; neither do I intend to confine myself to the use of the precise
number of dissimilar worms or screws for conducting the heckle bars shewn in
the Drawings, as I may, under some circumstances, find two series of heckle
bars or gills sufficient for opening and drawing the fibres of the material in
connection with the operations of slubbing, roving, and spinning; or I may, in
working some materials, find more than three series of heckle bars or gills are
desirable. I therefore wish it to be understood that my Invention consists in
the adaptation to and employment in one machine of several screws or worms
having dissimilar threads, whereby distinct series of heckle bars or gills may
be made to move with different speeds between drawing rollers, for the
purpose of more effectually opening, drawing, and equalizing the long and
short fibres of flax, wool, alpaca, mohair, and other fibrous substances, whether
such machines are employed for preparing or spinning those materials.
In witness whereof I, the said Edward Waud, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
aight hundred and forty-eight
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Ninth day of May, in the
year above mentioned, the aforesaid Edward Waud came before our Lady
the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid,
and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written. And also
the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute in
that case made and provided.
Inrolled the same Ninth day of May, in the year above written.