CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1848

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MARK
SMITH, of Heywood, in the County of Lancaster, Power Loom Maker, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, on or about the Eleventh day of
May, now last past, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Mark Smith, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, Her especial
licence, that I, the said Mark Smith, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Mark Smith, my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," in
which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, obliging me, the said Mark
Smith, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to
describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be enrolled in Her
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by
the said Letters Patent, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, 1, the said
Mark Smith, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, to consist:-
First, in certain improved mechanism whereby the position of the receptacles
for the shuttles, used in weaving ginghams and other fabrics requiring the use
of two or more shuttles, may be varied so as to present each shuttle to the
action of the pricker when it is required.
Secondly, in a new mode of stopping the loom when the weft thread
breaks.
Thirdly, in improved machinery for letting the yarn off the warp beam by
a positive self-regulating motion, the amount of which varies in proportion to
the decreasing diameter of the warp wound on the warp beam.
And, lastly, in an improved self-acting pair of temples for stretching cloth
to the width of the reed.
And in further compliance with the said proviso, I shall now proceed to
describe and ascertain the manner in which the said Invention may be
performed and carried into effect, for which purpose I beg to refer to the
three Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed. These Drawings are made to
the scales marked in cach Shect, and wherever the saine loom or parts of
the loom are represented similar letters and figures of reference are placed
upon its corresponding parts in the different viows.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:
Figure 1 is a front elevation of a loom for weaving cloth requiring more
than one shuttle, to which is attached my improved apparatus for changing
the position of the shuttle box and an apparatus for stopping the loom
when the weft thread breaks or when it fails to pass through the shed
formed by the warp; Figure 2 is a side elevation of the same; Figure 3
is a sectional elevation of the same; and Figure 4 is a plan view of the
apparatus for stopping the loom when the weft thread breaks; Figure 5 is an
elevation of part of the apparatus for changing the position of the shuttle,
box; Figure 6 is another elevation of the same, and Figure 7 is a plan view
of the samo; Figure 8 is a sectional elevation of part of the apparatus
for stopping the loom when the weft breaks.
a is the crank shaft which gives motion to the swords 6 of the lay or
batten, by the connecting links c, in the usual manner. A pinion d
is fixed on the shaft a, and drives the wheel e, which has exactly twice
as many teeth as the pinion d, and consequently performs only one revo-
lution for every two revolutions of the crank shaft; the wheel is keyed
on a short shaft f, working in a bush; in the loom side to this. shaft is

page_text: comes in
fixed a cam or heart g, for moving the picking legs h, and to the same shaft
or to the wheel e is fixed the cam i, which acts upon an antifriction roller,
working on a pin let into the vortical rod k; this rod is guided above in the
bracket, and below. it is made in the shape of a fork, and is guided by:a
groove turned in the boss of the wheel c; the upper end of the rod /
contact with the lever m, keyed on the cross shaft n, working in bearings.fixed
to the loom side; the lever o, keyed on one end of the same shaft, reaches up
to the jacquard drum p, and the lever 9, also keyed on the shaft n, reaches
down to the sliding disk r, and is connected to it by means of a fork pieces,
the cylindrical end of which fits into a hole made to receive it in the lever g.
A stud is let into one of the spokes of the wheel e, on which is hinged one end of
the link t, the other, end being connected to the centre guide plate u, suspended
from the double lever v. To the guide plate u is bolted the front guide plate wu,
and the back guide plate a; all of these guide plates are brought alternately into
contact with the sliding disk r, and act upon the shuttle box y by means that
will be hereafter explained; the number of guide plates must at all times
correspond to the number of shuttles required by the cloth to be woven, which
in this instance is three. The jacquard drum p, which is seen best in the
detached Figures 5, 6, and 7, is keyed on a short shaft, working in bearings
of the bracket 1; on this shaft is also fitted the elbow lever 2, the upper arm of
which has a stud for the catch 3, and for the slot link 4, forming the communi-
cation between the lever o, and the jacquard drum p; the lever 2 is held against
the stop 5, projecting from the bracket 1, by the counterpoise cast on the
horizontal arm of the said lever; to the lever o is also fixed the plate 6, in
which are rivetted the pins 7 and 8, the ends of which take into holes or bear
upon the plates of the jacquard chain 9, according to the requirements of the
the pattern to be woven; the lever o is constantly drawn towards the loom side
by means of the spiral spring 10, which bolds the pins 7 and 8 against the
plates forming the chain 9. The shuttle box y is suspended to the lever b by
the rods and cross piece 11; and to the centre of the lever vis attached the
spring piece 12, provided with a roller 13, working on a stud; this roller takes
into either of the three notches made in the segment 14, and is for the
purpose of holding the lever vin either of the three positions it has to
assume when either of the three compartments of the shuttle box y is brought
to the level of the shuttle board. The weight of the guide plates tu, w,
and x, is made to correspond with the weight of the shuttle box and its
appurtenances; when, therefore, the position of the shuttle-box is altered
the resistance to be overcome is very little more than the force requisite to
move the roller 13 from one compartment to the other of the segment 14.

page_text: Every revolution of the wheel e elevates the rod k, and by acting on the
lever m, causes it to move so much in the direction of the arrows in Figures:1
'and 5, that the slot link 4, by acting on the stud in the elbow lever 2, moves
the catch 3, and with it the jacquard drum p, by means of the pins 15, affixed
to the side of the said drum. The catch 3 bears upon one of the pins 15; the
number of which is in this instance 12, corresponding to the number of flat
surfaces on the circumference of the drum p; between each of the said flat
surfaces, a cog or tooth projects which takes into the space between the
Jinks of the chain 9, consequently every time that the lever o is moved by the
elevation of the rod k, the pins 7 and 8 are withdrawn from the chain 9, and
the drum p performs the twelfth part of a revolution by means of the catch 3
and pins 15 above described. The drum p is retained in its position after
every move by the roller 16 fitting on a stud fixed to the end of a bent
lever 17, the fulcrum of which is attached to the top cross stay of the loom as
seen in Fig. 1. The roller 16 is so placed that it falls between two of the
'cogs on the drum p, and is sufficiently heavy of itself or is held down by a
spring to prevent the drum from moving until another change is required in
the position of the chain 9. Some of the links of the chain are made with
two holes to admit both the pins 7 and 8 and some of them have only one
hole to admit tho longer pin 7, while others again have no holes at all, and
it is by means of these varieties in the construction of the links that the
position of the shuttles is changed to suit the pattern of cloth required.
When the rod has elevated the lever m, the lever q brings the sliding disk r
towards the loom side, and entirely beyond reach of the guide plates i, w,
and x, but as soon as the rod lc by descending, liberates the lever m, the
spring 10 draws the lever o towards the loom side until the pin 7 comes
against one of the blank plates of the jacquard chain 9, as seen in Fig. 1; and
by so doing brings the sliding disk r in a lino with the back guide plate x,<as
shewn in Fig. 1; the wheel e by continuing to revolve, brings the inclined edgo
of the plate a, in contact with the disk r, and causes the shuttle box y to take
the position it now holds in Figs. 1 and 2, although at the previous pick
or stroke of the loom, the centre or even the lowermost shuttle was in
operation. If the same shuttle is required for several consecutive picks, the
links of the chain 9 must resemble the one just described, but as soon as the
centre shuttle is wanted, the link must have a holo to admit the longer pin 7,
and a blank space to retain the pin 8, the difference in length between theso
two pins being such that, when the point of the pin 8 stops against the link
of the chain 9, the lever 7 wil hold the sliding disk r opposite the centre guide
plate and by so doing, the inclined edge of the plate u in advancing towards
the disk will draw down the lever v until it assumes a horizontal position,
9

page_text: thereby elevating the shuttle box until the shuttle in the centre compartment
comes in a line with the shuttle board. When the lowest shuttle is required the
disk r is brought opposite to the front guide plate w owing to the link in the
chain 9 having two holes to admit both the pins 7 and 8. In this position
of the pieces the lever o will be nearer to the loom side than in either of the
preceding cases, and the lever q will be proportionably more remote from it,
thereby bringing the disk r in a line with the plate w, as above mentioned.
The lever o is now drawn by the action of the spring 10 until the plate 6
comes in contact with the jacquard link. The plate w is so shaped that, when
it is brought in contact with the disk r, it depresses the lever v, and conse-
quently elevates the shuttle box y until the shuttle in the lowest compartment
comes in a line with the shuttle board. After each move of the lever v the
various parts are retained in their relative positions, by means of the spring
12 and roller 13, which enters into V-shaped recesses in the bracket 14, as
above described. It may be necessary here to remark that, instead of making
holes in the links of the chain 9 to admit the pins 7 and 8, the chain links
may be made with pins of different lengths attached to them. By making
these pins act on a projection from the lever o, the same changes in the
position of the sliding disk r would he obtained, and consequently in the
position of the shuttle boxes. My improved apparatus for stopping the loom
when the weft thread breaks is applicable to all looms for weaving fabrics in
which the shed is crossed before the reed touches the cloth, such as in
ginghams, ticks, calicoes, and others of the like nature. This apparatus is
shewn detached in Figs. 4 and 8, but its application to the loom is seen
also in Figs. 1, 2, and 3. The various parts of this stopping motion are
actuated by the resistance of the weft while being driven home by the reed at.
cach stroke of the lay, consequently if the weft fails to pass across the shed,
the reed does not meet with the same resistance as it did when the weft had to
be driven home by the reed; and the parts for stopping the loom are set in,
motion owing to the ressistance being diminished, as will be hereafter
explained. 20 represents a reed of the ordinary construction, which is let
into the moveable reed frame 21. The ends of this frame are bolted to two.
levers 22, suspended from studs fixed into the lay swords 6. The lower parts
of these levers are connected together by a wood rail 23, forming the lower.
part of the reed frame. 24 is a shaft, which is supported in bearings fixed in
the swords b. On this shaft are keyed the two upright levers 25, into which
small set screws are tapped, provided with heads, bearing against the lower.
extremity of the two levers 22, and held in contact with the same by means
of the spiral springs 26. The springs are hooked below to projections made

page_text: on the bosses of the levers 25, and above they are fixed to studs projecting
One of the levers 25
from the stay which connects the two swords b.
is made with a prolungation 27, which is bent under the stop rod 28,
and under the lay bottom, and terminates in a hook or catch 29, seen
best in the plan view, Fig. 4. 30 represents a shaft, supported in bearings
attached to the framing of the loom. Near one end of this shaft is fixed
the lever 31, from which projects a trigger 32. This trigger is acted upon
by the catch 29 whenever the weft thread breaks or fails to cross the shed.
At the other extremity of the shaft 30 is fixed the knocking-off finger 33
which acts on the ordinary spring starting lever 37, as seen in Figs. 1, 2, and
4, consequently whenever the catch 29 comes against the trigger 32 the
knocking-off finger 33 acts on the starting lever 37 and shifts the driving straps
from the fast to the loose pulley. The finger 33 is made so broad that it always
remains in contact with the starting lever 37, whether the driving strap be on
the fast or on the loose pulley; by this means the levers 31 and 34 are brought
into their proper positions by the spring starting lever 37 every time the
attendant puts the loom into action. The lever 34 is also fixed on the shaft 30,
and is acted upon by the frog 35 and stop-rod finger 36 in the ordinary way,
thereby causing the knocking-off finger 33 to force the starting lever 37 out of
the notch in the plate 38, by which action the strap is, moved from the fast to
the loose pulley. The starting lever 37, shown in red in Fig. 1, is represented
in its position for holding the driving strap on the fast pulley, but when the
weft thread breaks or the shuttle gets fast in the shed, the knocking-off finger
33 brings the strap from the fast to the loose pulley, and the lever 37 into the
position shewn by the black lines in Fig. 1. The swords 6 of the lay are
connected together by the stationary hand top 19. In Fig. S the black lines
represent the lower ends of the levers 22 in contact with the sheet iron plate
40, which is bolted to the lay bottom, and forms one side of the recess in which
the lower rail 23 of the recd frame moves, this being the position of the reed
frame at the moment the lay arrives at the end of its throw, provided the weft
thread was in the shed and was driven home by the reed. The red lines in the
same Figure represent the positions of the various pieces when the weft thread
has been broken or has otherwise failed to cross the shed; the reed would in
that case not have met with sufficient resistance to alter the positions of the
levers 22, and consequently the caich 29 would have come in contact with the
trigger 32, thereby moving the lever 31 into the inclined position shown by
the red lines in Figure 8, and at the same time bring the knocking-off finger 33
in contact with the starting lever 37, which action would arrest the motion
of the loom as has been described above, as the resistance offered by the weft

page_text: .thread is only perceptible when the lay is near the end of its throw, or when
the reed has driven the weft nearly home; it is sufficient as long as the weft
continues to pass through the shed that the catch 39 be raised above the trigger
32. when it arrives at the end of its stroke; in other parts of the stroke the
various pieces are held in the positions indicated by red lines in Figure 8 by
means of the lever 41, which is keyed to one end of the shaft 24, and is so
shaped that it bears upon the stud.39 during the greater part of the back-
ward and forward motion of the lay the bend near the end of the same,
allowing the lever 41 to descend and the catch 29 to be lifted up, so as to
clear the trigger 32 without bringing the lever 41 in contact with the stud 39.
As soon as the lay begins to retreat from the cloth beam, the springs 26
by acting on the levers 25 bring the various parts into the positions from
whence they started, and the action of the loom continues uninterrupted
until the weft breaks. The above described apparatus is more efficacious than
those now known for the same purpose, because, by the use of my improved
stopping apparatus, the loom is thrown out of gear in case of breakage
of the weft, in whichever direction the shuttle is moving, the moment the
lay arrives near the end of its throw and before another pick can be given.
The other parts of the loom, though shewn in the Drawing for the purpose of
explaining the application of my improved mode of changing the position of
the shuttle box, and my improved means of stopping the loom when the weft
breaks do not require to be particularly described, being similar to those in
general use, and therefore well known to persons conversant with this class of
machinery. My improved method of changing the position of the shuttles
described, with reference to the loom drawn on Sheet 1, is chiefly applicable
to looms provided with a vertical tier of shuttle boxes.
I will now proceed to describe my improvements in the mode of changing
the position of the shuttles when arranged in a circular shuttle box con-
taining seven shuttles. Figure 9 on Sheet 2 represents a side elevation
of a loom, to which my improved apparatus for changing the position of a
circular shuttle box is applied; Figure 10 is another elevation of the same,
taken from the back of the loom; Figure 11 is a plan view of the shuttle
box, and of the apparatus for moving it; Figure 12 is an elevation of the
said apparatus, shewing the various parts in the position they assume when
the shuttle box is moved three compartments from the place of rest in one
direction; Figure 13 is an elevation, and Figure 14 a plan view of the
jacquard drum. and the pins of different lengths which work into it, with
the plate into which the pins are fixed, drawn to an enlarged scale; and
Figure 15 represents another modification of my improved method of changing

page_text: the position of the shuttles. In Figures 9, 10, 11 and 12, a represents the
crank shaft, and 6 is a pinion fixed to the end of it, which gears into the
'wheel' c fixed to the tappet shaft d; this shaft performs only one revolution for
'two revolutions of the crank shaft, owing to the pinion 6 having half as many
teeth as the wheel c, and it works in bearings attached to the loom sides; *to
'the shaft d are fixed the cams or hearts and f, the former of which gives
'motion to the bent lever g, and the latter to the vertical catch plate h. The
came acts upon the antifriction roller i, revolving on a stud rivetted to the
bent lever g, and the cam f is provided with a groove, into which an anti-
friction roller o attached to the upper part of the plate h works; k is a stud
fixed to the loom side, and serving as fulcrum to the lever h, and to the
horizontal lever l. The catch plate h is supported by the antifriction roller o,
and it is guided below by the bracket n bolted to the loom side, and above bý
the prolongation of the shaft d, which passes through a slot in the plate h; as
clearly seen in Figure 9; the lower part of this plate is provided with two set
screws p, the 'tails of which project below the plate, and are so regulated that
every time the cam f brings the roller o into its lowest position the set screws
act on the lever and set it level, as seen in Figure 9. To the lever / are
hinged the vertical clicks 9; these clicks take on the catches made on the
plate 'h, and they always remain parallel to each other, being connected
together by the traverse r, which swivels on a stud fixed to a projection
of the bent lever g, a stud is secured to each end of the traverse and
takes into a hole made in the boss projecting from each of the clicks q;
as seen in Figure 10. The lever gives motion to the circular shuttle
box s, by means of the bar t, to which it is hinged; the bar t being provided
with six notches, taking on to studs projecting from the disk u fixed to the
spindle of the circular shuttle box, as will be hereafter explained. It is neces-
sary to observe here that, although the shuttle box is represented with 'seven
compartments, the bar t only requires six notches, because after every pick of
the picker w, the set screws p by acting on the lever / bring the various parts
into the state of rest as shown in Figure 9. From this point it is evident that
three moves of the shuttle box will bring either of the other compartments over
the picker w.
The various changes in the position of the lever are affected
by a jacquard drum x and chain, somewhat similar to those described witli
reference to Figures 1, 2, 5, 6, and 7, on Sheet 1. In this instance, it is
necessary that the chain should be composed of links provided with holes
corresponding to the number of notches in the bar t; 1 is a horizontal bar, in
which is a notch for the stud 2, this stud is rivetted into the end of the bent
lever q. A traversing motion in the direction of the black arrow is given to the

page_text: bar 1 by the cam c, and the spring 8 by pulling the lever g gives the motion
in the contrary direction, as shown by the red arrow. To the bar 1 is attached
the plate 4, into which the six pius 5 are fixed as seen in the plan view
Figure 11; the longest pin, is placed furthest from the loom side, and the
fourth is shown in contact with the link of the jacquard chain ; the spring 3,
by acting on the lever g, draws the fourth pin against the link which has three
holes through it to admit the ends of the three longest pins. Upon the same
shaft as the jacquard drum is fitted the elbow lever 6, to which is hinged
the click for moving the drum round through the agency of pins projecting
from the drum, as has been explained with reference to Figures 5, 6, and 7, of
Sheet 1. To the pin plate 4 is also hinged a slot lever 8, which takes on to
the stud in the elbow lever 6, the slot being, in this instance, long enough to
allow the bar 1 to draw the longest pin out of the links of the jacquard chain
before the slot lever 8 acts on the click 7 so as to move the jacquard drum.
As the chain would interfere with the upright catches it is necessary to guide
the chain under a pulley 9, as seen in Figure 9. The cylindrical shuttle box is
supported on the projecting end of the lay bottom, and revolves at its larger
end on antifriction rollers fixed to a hoop, through which the shuttle box
passes, and the smaller end is supported by a bearing 10, from which projects
a guide for the vertical bar t. This guide is sufficiently wide to allow the
notches of the bar to clear the studs on the disk when the bar is being
brought, by the action of the set screws p, on the lever into the state of
rest; the bar is held in contact with the studs on the disk u by means of
the spring screwed to the lay bottom, and shewn distinctly in Figure 10,
and every time the shuttle box has been moved the lever and bar t,
above described, are brought into the positions shown in Figure 9. In
Figure 12 the longest of the pins marked 5, is held in contact with a
link of the jacquard chain, having no holes through it, by the action of the
spring 3 on the bent lever g, and the catch plate h is elevated to its highest
point by the cam f; the clicks q, which are held vertical by the centre catches
of the plate h when the various parts are in the state of rest, are now brought
in an inclined position by the traverse rod r which connects the two clicks,
and moves with the bent lever g. The inclination of the clicks is regulated
by the number of pins which enter into holes of the jacquard chain, when the
longest pin rests against a blank link, as in Figure 12, the clicks are so much
inclined that when the plate h rises the click on the right-hand side is taken
hold of by the highest catch of the plate, and the click on the left hand side
is caught by the lowest catch; the clicks are thus made to act on the lever
1, and bring it into the inclined position shown in Figure 12. When the pins

page_text: 5 are brought against a link having six holes through it the spring 3 draws
the bent lever g, and with it the bar 1, in the direction of the red arrow in
Figure 9, until the plate 4 comes against the stop 12, seen best in the plan
view, Figure 11. This alteration in the position of the parts would incline
the clicks q in the contrary direction, and the lowest catch on the right-hand
side of plate would then come against one of the clicks q at the same time
that the highest catch on the left-hand side would come against the other click
g, thereby bringing the lever into the position shown by a red line in Figure
12, and moving the shuttle box for three moves in the contrary, direction.
The intermediate changes in the position of the shuttle box are effected by one
or more of the pins 5 entering into holes in the links of the jacquard chain.
The different lengths of the pins and the construction of the jacquard drum
are more fully represented in the Figures 13 and 14 which represent these
parts drawn to a scale of half the natural size. Although I have, on Sheet 1,
shown my improved mode of changing the position of the shuttles as applied to
a vertical tier of shuttle boxes, and my improvements, on Sheet 2, as applied to
a circular shuttle box, it is evident that either of the apparatus may be applied
to vertical or circular shuttle boxes, as may be found most convenient. The
modification of my improved mechanism for changing the position of the
shuttles represented in Figure 15 is particularly applicable to looms having a
vertical tier of boxes containing two or three shuttles. In this view a is the
crank shaft; b, a pinion fixed upon it, and driving the wheel c; d is a crank
for giving motion to the elbow lever e and upright fork lever i, by means of
the connecting link f; 9 is a jacquard drum corresponding to the one marked
p in Figures 1 and 2; and his a horizontal bar provided with two pins of
different lengths and similar to the bar marked 1 in Figure 9, of Sheet 2.
The upright arm of the elbow lever e draws the pins out of the jacquard
drum after every alternate revolution of the crank shaft, and at the same time
moves the jacquard drum so much round that a fresh link of the jacquard chain
comes opposite the ends of the pins, these pins are brought against or through
the said link by means of the spring K, which is fixed to the bar h and to the
loom side, as seen in the Drawing. The forks on the upright lever i are made
to act on studs projecting from the disk 1, fixed on the same shaft as the wheel m,
which takes into a pinion n, containing only half as many teeth as the wheel
m; the pinion n is keyed on the same shaft as the tappet o, which is made.with
three rises and three dwells on its circumference. The tappeto supports the
antifriction roller p, revolving on a pin fixed through the lever 9. the fulcrum
of which is a stud fixed into the loom side, and to the other end of this lever
is suspended the vertical tier of shuttle boxes by similar means to those

page_text: described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 of Sheet 1. The position in
which the various parts are drawn represent the roller p bearing upon the
lowest dwell of the tappeto and the shuttle box in the position required; when
the uppermost shuttle is in a line with the shuttle board; the longer pin
attached to the bar h is now supposed to be in contact with the link of the
jacquard chain, and the click of the upright forked lever i is in the position
for moving the disk in the direction of the arrow as soon as it is drawn
down by the action of the crank d, which moves the said disk through one-
sixth of a revolution and the tappet o through the third of a revolution
(because it has already been said that the pinion n has exactly half as many
teeth as the wheel m); this motion brings the centre dwell of the tappet o
against the roller p and elevates the lever q till the centre, shuttle comes
opposite the picker, and when the lowest shuttle is required the click of the
upright fork lever i must be made to act on the disk l, so that it will bring
the highest dwell of the tappeto under the roller p and thereby elevate the
lever q into its bighest position. The lever i passes through a slot in the
bar h and the spring r by acting on the lever i draws it towards the end of
the slot near the jacquard drum. When the shorter pin is brought against
the link of the jacquard chain the forks of the lever i move up and down
without coming in contact with the studs on the disk 1. The above described
apparatus would be particularly useful for looms in which two or three shuttles
are employed. Other plans might be pointed out for altering the position
of the shuttle boxes by means of my improved apparatus, but the three
modifications of my Invention herein-before described with reference to the
foregoing Figures will be sufficient for illustrating this part of my Patent, and
I will therefore proceed to describe my improvements in the mode of unwinding
the warp beam for the purpose of supplying the requisite quantity of warp to
the loom or what is generally called "the letting-off motion," which is shown
on Sheet 3 in combination with a weft stopping apparatus of the ordinary
O construction, and my improved self-acting temples are also represented on the
same Sheet. Figure 16 is a side elevation of a fustian loom to which the
above-mentioned improvements are applied; in this view part of the loom
side has been taken away in order that the construction of the "letting off
motion" and the motion for stopping the loom when the weft breaks may be
5 more clearly ascertained. Figure 17 is a front elevation of the said loom;
and Figure 18 is a plan view of the same. In both these views some of the
ordinary parts of the loom are broken away in order that the improvements may
be better seen. Figure 19 is a plan view of the temples in the position they
assume when the fabric woven is in a state of tension. Figure 20 is a plan view,

page_text: on an enlarged scale, of the jaws which catch hold of the selvage of the cloth;
these jaws form part of the self-acting temples. Figure 21 is a section
through the lines A, B, C, and D, on Figure 20, representing the construction
of the jaws above mentioned. Figure 22 is a side view of the lower portion
of the jaws, and Figure 23 is a side view of the upper part of the same.
a represents the crank shaft, and b, a small pinion keyed upon it, taking into
the tappet wheel c; this wheel drives the pinion d, which is keyed on the
short shaft e, working in a bush or bearing fixed to the loom side. In Figure
16 the division lines only of the pinions baud d, and of the wheel c, aro
shown by red lines. The pinion d' must have twice as many teeth as the
pinion b. At the inner end of the shaft c is forged a crank f, to the crank pin
of which is hinged one end of the link g, the other end of the same being
hinged on a stud rivetted into the vertical lever h, the fulcrum of which is a
stud fixed in the loom side, as seen in Figure 17; the lever is provided with
another stud, on which is hinged the click i, which gives a forward motion to
the horizontal bar k, by means of the click i, taking into the catch 1, fixed to
the bar k. On referring to the plan view, Figure 18, it will be seen that the
bar has a stud m rivitted into it, and this stud takes into a slot made in the
upper part of the double lever n, which vibrates on the same stud as the
lever h; tho lever is drawn towards the warp beam by means of the spiral
spring o, seen in Figure 16, and as it has been explained that a stud from the
rod k takes into a slot of the double lever n, it is evident that the backward
motion is given to the rod k by the spring o, the foreward motion being com-
municated to it by the click i. The lower extremity of the double lever n is
provided with a stud which takes into a slot in the link p, suspended from the
elbow lever q, and imparts a vibrating notion to the lever q every time that
the crank performs a revolution; the length of the vibration varies according
to the diameter of the warp on the beam r, so that when the warp beam.r is
full each revolution of the crank fimparts less motion to the worm wheels than
it does when the warp is nearly unwound; the means for effecting this object
are as follows: A long double lever t, the fulcrum of which is fixed to the
lower cross stay, is so placed that the longer end, provided with a piece of
wood or other material that will not injure the yarn, bears upon the warps
wound on the beam r, and the shorter end of the lever t regulates the height
to which the stud projecting from the horizontal arm of the elbow lever q is
raised by the spiral spring u, which is fixed in the lever 7, and is for the
purpose of bringing the stud projecting from it into contact with the short
arm of the levert after every vibration of the lever n. To the upright arm
of the elbow lever q, are attached the four clicks v, which take into tlíc teeth

page_text: of the ratchet wheel w; the teeth in this wheal are cut very fine, and the
clicks are so regulated in length that one of them catches a tooth when the
upper arm of the lever q is moved. the fourth part of the length of one of
the teeth in the ratchet wheel. The teeth of the ratchet wheel are held
against the clicks by the friction band 7, which passes over a flange pro-
jecting from the ratchet wheel, and is weighted by the ball 8. The spur
pinion is changed when the number of picks in an inch of cloth is altered,
and it is fixed to the boss of the ratchet wheel w. They are both loose on the
stud Y, and the pinion a takes into the teeth of the carrier pinion, which
drives the pinion 1, fixed on the shaft 2, on which is also fixed the worm 3,
gearing into the worm pinion 4. This pinion is fixed on the shaft 5, and near
the other extremity of this shaft is fixed the worm 6, taking into the large
worm wheels, which is keyed on the warp beam in the usual manner. In
Figure 16 the warp beam r is represented almost full of yarn, and the lever t,
by bearing on the stud in the elbow lever q, retains it in such a position that
the bottom of the slot in the link p is considerably below the stud in the
double lever n; consequently this stud only comes in contact with the link p
when the double lever n has performed the greater part of its downward
motion, during the latter part of which it takes with it the elbow lever q, and
by the clicks v, moves the ratchet wheel w slightly in the direction of the
arrow. When the warp is nearly let off from the warp beam, the longer end
of the lever t is proportionately lowered, and the shorter end raised, and as the
spiral spring u retains the stud of the elbow lever q in contact with the short
arm of the lever t, the link p will be raised, and the stud in the double lever n
is brought sooner in contact with the link, thereby giving a greater amount of
range to the clicks v, and by them to the ratchet wheel. By this means the
quantity of yarn let off the warp beam is constantly varying, according to the
varying diameter of the warp. And I wish it to be particularly observed that
in the letting-off motion, above described, the warp beam is in a state of rest
while the reed strikes the weft into the cloth, which is not the case in any of
the letting-off motions now known and in use. The click i, which has been
explained as giving motion to the traversing bar k, is also made to act on the
catch 9 of the lower traversing bar 10, and through it to stop the loom when-
ever the weft thread breaks or fails to cross through the shed. In Figure 16
5 is shewn a wire 11, which reaches upwards from the click i, and is fastened
above to the horizontal arm of the elbow lever 12; the vertical arm of the
same being in connection with the ordinary weft stopper 18, which is moved
at every alternate stroke of the lay or batten by the weft thread. The end of
the weft stopper is supported by a little bracket bolted to the breast beam, as

page_text: seen in Figure 16. The click i is drawn in gear with the catch 1, because the
shuttle is now supposed to be on the same side of the loom as the weft
stopping apparatus; as soon, however, as the lay or batten has receded
from the cloth, and the shuttle has been thrown to the other side of the
loom, the weft stopper approaches. towards the reed, and allows the click i to
fall on to the catch 9 of the lower traversing bar 10, in which position it
remains until the shuttle again comes into the box placed near to the stopping
apparatus; if the weft remains unbroken the click is lifted off the catch 9
into the catch, in time to give the 'requisite traverse to the bar ; if on the
other hand, the weft did not come across the shed, the stopper 18 would not
have lifted the click i of the catch 9, and the vibrating motion of the lever h
would have moved the traverse bar 10 in the direction of the arrow; 'by so
doing the lever 14, in which a slot is made for the stud 15, projecting from
the bar 10, would act on the stop shaft 18, and throw the driving strap from
the fast to the loose pulley by the agency of the lever 16 and stop finger 17;
shown in Figures 16 and 17.
I will now proceed to describe the last part of my Invention, consisting
in an improved self-acting pair of temples for stretching the cloth to the
width of the reed; parts of these improved temples are shown in all the
figures on the Sheet 3. I am aware that self-acting agents have been used
for stretching the cloth, but their application has been hitherto limited to
cloths of certain descriptions, and the operation is still generally performed
by the hand temples. The apparatus I am now going to describe will in
a great measure obviate the difficulties heretofore experienced. The temples
are fixed near each end of the breast beam 19 of the loom, and consist
principally of two pair of jaws or clippers, formed by the levers 20 and 21.
Each pair of levers are hinged together by a stud 22, passing also through
one end of the link 23, the fulcrum of which is a stud 24, fixed into a slot
in the picce 25, which serves also to support the breast board 26. A più
projects from each of the levers 20, on to which one end of each of the links
27 fits, the other ends being hinged to the levers 28, which swivel upon studs
fixed to the breast beam 19. To the levers 28 are also hinged the flat bars
29, which unite together in the centre piece 30, and form, when acted upon by
the lay or batten, tho requisite leverage for taking hold of the selvage, and
keeping the cloth in a state of tension. In Figure 18, the jaws formed by the
levers 20 and 21 are represented open, and the flat bars 29, with the centre
piece 30, are in the position most remote from the breast beam; the various
parts are brought into this position by means of a catch 31 projecting from
the shaft 32, placed under the lay bottom, as seen in Figures 16, 17, and -18,

page_text: The
as will be hereafter described. In front of the lay is fixed a conical stud,
marked 33, which enters into an opening in the centre piece 30, and brings the
flat bars 29 from the position they occupy in Figure 18 into the position shewn
by the dotted lines in Figure 19; during the time this change of position is
effected, the bars 29 by acting on the levers 28, cause them to recede from
each other, and at the same time the links 27 bring the pins in the jaws
of the levers 20 through the selvage of the fabric, and into the leather
lining, which is rivetted on to the levers 21, thereby holding the fabrics
securely between the jaws of the levers 20 and 21. This part of the operation
is performed soon after the stud 38 has come in contact with the centre
piece 30, the remainder of the stroke of the lay serves to draw asunder
the two pair of jaws, and by this means gives the requisite tension to the
fabric. On referring to Figure 19, it will be seen that the ends of the flat
bars 29 near the centre piece 30 are closer to the breast beam than the ends
hinged to the levers 28, consequently the flat bars 29 will have no tendency
to change their position, but will retain it during the time the loom is weaving
about an inch of cloth or any given length that may be required.
taking-up motion continues to wind the cloth on the cloth beam, and conse-
quently draws the levers 20 and 21 in the direction of the arrows on Fig. 19,
as soon as it is requisite to disengage the jaws of the levers 20 and 21 from
the selvage of the cloth, and to take hold of it again in a fresh place; the
catch 31 which now moves backward and forward with the lay without
touching the piece 30, is elevated so as to catch hold of the said piece as
shewn by red lines in Fig. 16. The method of raising the catch is as
follows: A ratchet wheel 34 is placed on a stud fixed to the bottom stay of
the loom, and a catch 35 is binged to a stud fixed to one of the swords of the
lay in Fig. 18; this catch is removed, as it would have covered the ratchet
wheel, but it is shewn in Figs. 16 and 17; the length of it is so regulated that
each stroke of the lay moves one tooth of the ratchet wheel 34, but as the
range of the catch is longer than is necessary for that purpose, the catch bears
upon the teeth of the ratchet wheel when the lay is back as seen in Fig. 16.
A flange is cast to the side of the ratchet wheel for supporting the long
lever 36, and a projection 37 is fitted to the above mentioned flange which
comes in contact every time the ratchet wheel 34 completes a revolution with
a projection on the lever, by this arrangement the upper end of the lever 36
is raised and is brought in contact with the finger 38 projecting from the
shaft 32, when the lay approaches the breast beam. By this means the
catch 31 is brought into the position for taking hold of the pieco 30, which
brings the various parts of the temples in the position shown in Fig. 18. The

page_text: "
selvages of the cloth being liberated, the springs $9 bring the studs 22 closo
up to the breast board 26; the jaws of the levers 20 and 21 are then in the
proper position for taking fresh hold of the selvage of the cloth, and at
the next stroke of the lay, the jaws are closed, and the other parts of the
self-acting temples are brought into the positions from which they had been
changed by the action of the catch 31. The projection 37 of the ratchet
wheel 34, and the projection on the under side of the lever 36, must be so
proportioned and placed that the said lever must only be held up during the
time required for the finger 38 to elevate the catch 31 a little before the lay
begins to recede from the breast beam; by so doing the backward motion of
the lay will liberate the jaws from the selvages of the cloth, and the forward
motion will take hold of the selvage in a fresh place, and stretch the cloth to
requisite width before the reed strikes the weft home. The levers 21 are
acted upon by springs 40, which are fixed to projections on the links 23, and
to the under side of the levers are cast projections which act against stops
fixed to the breast beam as seen by dotted lines in Fig. 18. A little before
the flat bars 29 arrive in the position shown in Fig. 18 the springs. 40 bring
the projections on the levers 21 against the stops fixed to the breast beam,
and by the time the bars 29 have arrived in the position shown in Fig. 18
the levers 20 and 21 have been moved sufficiently apart to liberate the
selvage of the cloth. It is also necessary to observe that the stud 33, by
acting on the centre piece 30, causes the levers 28 to expand, and thereby
stretches the cloth in proportion as the lay advances, consequently the reed
does not become injured at each end by the resistance of the warp. The
peculiar construction of the levers 20 and 21 is best seen in Figs. 20, 21, 22,
and 23, on referring to which it will be seen that the lever 21 has a broad
projection 41 to support the edge of the cloth and a sheet iron lip 42, which
prevents the cloth from forming plaits or folds when the jaws are opened; this
lip is rivetted to the lever 21; and the red line in Fig. 21 represents. tho
cloth when the jaws are closed and the temples distended. The levers 20 are
provided with brass plaies 48 containing the teeth of the jaw, the front edge
of which is slightly curved, as seen in Fig. 20.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention anil
the manner in which the same may be performed, I do hereby declare that I
do not claim as of my Invention or the exclusive use of all the machinery
which I have thought it expedient to mention in order the better to exemplify
my said Invention; but what I do claim as my Invention is,-
First, the general arrangement and combination of parts forming the
apparatus for changing the position of the shuttles as herein-before shown and

page_text: described with reference to Sheet 1 of the said Drawings, the pins 7. and 8 of
different lengths, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 5, 6, and 7, and the guide plates u, w,
and a shewn in Figs. 1 & 2, when applied to a jacquard apparatus, as herein-
before described; and the pins of different lengths, when applied to the links of
the jacquard chain to effect the same object as the pins 7 and 8 as herein-before
described.
Secondly, the apparatus herein-before shewn and described with reference
to Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 of Sheet 1, for stopping the loom when the weft is
broken.
Thirdly, the combination and arrangement of levers and catches actuated
by the pins 5 of different lengths in combination with a jacquard apparatus for
varying the position of the shuttles, arranged within circular or vertical boxes,
as herein-before described with reference to Fig. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14,
Sheet 2.
Fourthly, the tappeto and forked lever i when used in combination with
the pins of different lengths and a jacquard apparatus, as shewn and .described
with reference to Fig. 15 on Sheet 2, for varying the position of the shuttles.
Fifthly, the positive self-regulating apparatus for unwinding the yarn from
the warp beam, as herein-before shewn and described with reference to
Figs. 16, 17, and 18 in Sheet 3, when used in connection with the apparatus
for stopping the loom when the weft breaks, as shewn in the Drawing, or with
any apparatus for the same purpose.
And, lastly, the improved self-acting pair of temples herein-before described
with reference to all the Figs. on Sheet 3.
And this my Invention being to the best of my knowledge and belief entirely
new and never before used within that part of Her said Majesty's United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her Dominion of
Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, I do hereby declare this to be my
Specification of the same, and that I do verily believe this, my Specification,
doth comply in all respects fully and without reserve or disguise with the
proviso in the said herein-before in part recited Letters Patent contained,
wherefore I do hereby claim to maintain exclusive right and privilege to the
said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Mark Smith, have hereunto set my
band and seal, this Tenth day of November, One thousand eight hundred

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Tenth day of November,
1848, the aforesaid Mark Smith came before our said Lady the Queen, in
Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and all and
every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written. And also
the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute
made for that
Enrolled the Eleventh day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand cight hundred and forty-eight.