ROV IN ELECTRIC LIGHTING APPARATUS DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION
Year: 1881

page_text: En the Matter of Letters Patent granted to Herbert John Haddan of the
firm of Herbert and Company Solicitors of Patents of 67 Strand in the
City of Westminster Civil Engineer for an Invention of IMPROVE.
"
MENTS IN ELECTRIC LIGHTING APPARATUS bearing date 10th May 1881
No 2038.
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to be
entered by Robert Jacob Gülcher pursuant to the Statutes in that case
made and provided.
WHEREAS since the filing of the Specification of the Letters Patent granted
to Herbert John Haddan the same have been assigned and are now vested in me
Robert Jacob Gülcher and I the said assignee have been advised that the claims
numbered 5 and 6 in the said Specification may be objected to on the ground of
want of novelty, I the said Robert Jacob Gülcher therefore wish to amend the
said Specification by striking out the said claims numbered 5 and 6 the said
claims being lines 15 to 24 both inclusive of page 6 of the Specification as printed
by the Queen's Printers and whereas objection has been made to the proposed
disclaimer which objection has been withdrawn on condition that the said
Specification be further amended by the cancellation of those figures of the
Drawings accompanying the said Specification and those parts of the description
on which the aforesaid claims are. based. I the said Robert Jacob Gülcher
therefore wish to further amend the said Specification by striking out the said
figures of the drawings being figures 2. 3. 4 and 5 and the said parts of the
description being the whole of lines 52 to 57 both inclusive on page 3 and the
whole of pages 4 and 5 and the whole of lines 1. and 3 on page 6 of the
Specification as printed by the Queen's Printers.
The said Specification when altered will read as follows:-
:-
"TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME I HEDDED

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67 Strand in the City of Westminster Civil Engineer send greeting WHEREAS
"Her Most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria by Her Letters Patent bearing date
the Tenth day of May in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
eighty one in the Forty fourth year of Her Reign did for Herself Her heirs and
Successors give and grant unto me the said Herbert John Haddan Her special
License that I the said Herbert John Haddan my executors administrators and
assigns or such others as I the said Herbert John Haddan my executors admini-
"strators and assigns should at any time agree with and no others from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed should and
lawfully might make use exercise and vend within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland the Channel Islands and Isle of Man an Invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LIGHTING APPARATUS a communication from
"abroad by R. J. Gülcher of Bielitz Biala in the Empire of Austria upon the
"condition (amongst others) that I the said Herbert John Haddan my executors
or administrators by an Instrument in writing under my or their or one of
"their hands and seals should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
"of the said Invention and in what manner the same was to be performed and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letter Patent NOW
"KNOW YE that I the said Herbert John Haddan Do hereby declare the nature
" of the said Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
"This new electric lamp is distinguished not only by its great simplicity, but
" also by its easy applicability in dusty manufacturing rooms owing to the
absence of clock work. The necessary regulation of a good electric lamp is
achieved by the positive motion of a single electro magnet without any inter-
mediate mechanism. By reason of this simplicity the lamp can be manufactured
"at a low price. Further it requires no frequent repairs and regulates the distance
" of the carbons so as to produce the greatest possible intensity of light for any
given power of current.
"
"
"
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"The positive pole of the source of electricity is connected with the insulated
binding screw A (see Drawing) whence the current is conducted by a short wire
"to the equally insulated standard B. In this standard the pivots of a metallic
ring C are lodged which ring C is attached to a bar electro magnet D which thus
can be turned on the said pivots. The electric current passes now from the
standard B through the pivots of the ring C into this ring: from here it flows
" into the core of the electro magnet after passing through the wire garniture of
"the latter and continues its course partly through the spring E which touches
"the magnet and is put in conducting connection with the metal casing of the
lamp while the other part of the current flows directly to the holder F of the
‹ upper carbon (consisting of an iron bar) which touches the other end of
"the magnet and finally by a suitable conduit to the second binding screw G (which
" is connected with the negative pole of the source of electricity) after having
passed through the holder F the carbon points and the holder of the lower
"carbon. Under one end of the electro magnet and at some distance from the
same, a small prismatic iron bar H is fastened to the casing. The spring. E
touching the magnet is furnished with a similar but smaller iron prism J. Finally
a spring made adjustable by a screw presses upon a lengthened screw of the
"metal ring C (the lengthened screw is attached to the angle lever K and insulated
from the casing) and causes the electro magnet to rest against a move-
"able screw spindle L as long as no current flows through the lamp. The
armatures at the two poles of the electro magnet are curved with circles, the
"centre of which lies in the fulcrum of the magnet consequently in the axis
of the pivots of the ring C, these armatures and the iron parts F and Jrin
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contact with them have a thin brass covering partly to prevent the iron from
rusting partly to secure a correct working of the lamp. As soon as the two
binding screws A and G of the lamp are accurately connected in the above

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"described way with the poles of a source of electricity the electro magnet attracts
tightly the upper carbon holder F to the armature which touches the electro
magnet. At the same time a reciprocal attraction takes place between the
"second armature (which is somewhat lengthened downward) and the prismatic iron
bar H. As however the iron bar H is fastened to the casing the armature or
pole is forced to approach it that is to say to turn the electro magnet round the
"pivots of the ring C. By this motion the upper carbon holder is lifted (because
the armature attracted by the carbon holder F moves on this in exactly the
same way as a rack and pinion of infinitely fine pitch) consequently the carbon
points which previously touched each other are again separated and form the
"voltaic arc.
It is clear that with the distance of the carbon points the resistance
increases the force of current however and the power of the magnet diminishes
and it is consequently necessary that this distance (upon which the strength of
"the voltaic are depends) should correspond with the strength of current, as the
weight of the upper carbon holder on the one side and the power of attraction
of the magnet on the other side always balance each other. In proportion as
"the distance of the carbon points increases by burning off, the magnetism on the
"other hand becomes weaker in consequence of that the magnet deviates more
"and more from the iron bar H thereby causing the carbon points to approach
"each other in proportion as they are burnt off and continues to turn backward
"until it is finally arrested by the stop of the screw L
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15
From this moment the magnet remains constantly at rest and the carbon
points reach soon by further burning off that distance which produces the
greatest intensity of light (corresponding to the force of current). As soon as
this intensity of light is attained the power of attraction of the magnet gets by
"the furthur burning off of the carbon points so small that the upper carbon
"holder F is no longer held by its pole and consequently commences to slide down.
"This sliding down of the carbon holder is very slow as at the least approach of
"the carbon points the magnetism increases again, thereby attracting the carbon
"holder to the pole and preventing its further down motion. If the carbon holder
"would sink too low the magnetism would increase sufficiently to cause the
"attraction of the iron bar H to act again in the above described way and the
process would recommence after some time. As the experiments with the new
lamp have shewn the magnet remains (from the above mentioned moment)
"constantly at rest, provided the fluctuations of the current are not too strong,
"this already proves that the carbon holder F never falls too low if set free. The
"light.itself in which no fluctuations are observable is however the best proof for
"this the moments of regulation are only then perceptible by looking directly
"into the light and observing the carbon points. The new lamp burns therefore
very steadily.
"
C
"The above mentioned covering (of brass or any other unmagnetical metal) of
"the carbon holder and armature causes the carbon holder E to slide down in due
"time and not to remain attracted to the pole too long. By this simple means an
easy and regular sliding down of the carbon holder is attained. The above
"mentioned sinall iron prism J (which is fastened to the spring E) forms a
"magnetic brake which serves to soften the movement of the electro magnet
"which takes place at the beginning and this brake fulfils its task in a more
"perfect manner than a vane air cushion or any similar mechanism would do it.
"The reason of it is simply that the stopping force (coefficient of friction of the
"metals multiplied by power of attraction of the electro magnet) is directly
proportional to the strength of the electric current. In fact by using this
magnetic brake the lamp burns from the beginning as steadily as afterwards
"when the magnet strikes against the screw L and remains in its state of rest.
"The thin brass covering of the pole and of the small iron prism J prevents also.
"with this brake a too strong adhesion to the magnet and allows an easy and
"equal movement. The inventor prefers to make both carbon holders moveable,
"the upper and the under one, and to connect them with cach other in the known
tr

page_text: 65
way so that the focus is maintained at a constant height. By this arrangement
"the lower carbon holder can be easily employed for partly balancing the upper
«
one if the latter is too heavy for being safely carried by the electromagnet:
"The application of rack and pinion for this purpose is not necessary, it is
"sufficient to fasten the carbon holders by means of silken strings or similar
means to suitable drums of the required diameter (see sketch).
"
"
The application for leave to file this Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration
having been advertized in accordance with my direction, and an Objection to the
same being placed upon the File having been disposed of:
I hereby grant my Fiat giving leave to the above named Robert Jacob
Gulcher as assignee and now legal and equitable owner of the above mentioned
Letter Patent to file in the Office of the Commissioners of Patents with the
Specification to which the same relates the above written Disclaimer and
Memorandum of Alteration.
Dated this 15th days of Santambar 1000

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of the Firm of Herbert and
Company, Solicitors of Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster,
Civil Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
A communication from abroad by R. J. Gülcher,
LIGHTING APPARATUS."
of Bielitz-Biala, in the Empire of Austria.
ELECTRIC
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert John Haddan at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th May 1881.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ELECTRIC LIGHTING APPARATUS." A communication from abroad by
R. J. Gülcher, of Bialitz-Biala, in the Empire of Austria.
The improvements consist in the application to electric lamps of an electro-
magnet turning on an axis, and caused to oscillate by the attraction of a fixed
iron-bar, and in making the direct transmission of said movements through the
pole of an electro-magnet touching said iron bar, or nearly so; said pole also
serving as a magnetic brake when desired to control the movement of the electro-
magnet.
The improvements are performed by placing the positive pole of an electro-
motor in communication with the lamp standard, which is made of metal. In this
standard are placed the pivots of a metal-ring fastened to the electro-magnet, and
which allows said magnet to turn and oscillate on the said pivots. The current
flows from the standard through the pivots and the ring, and thence passes
through the wire wrapped round the magnet and to its core.
From the magnet
the current passes through a controlling spring and to the upper carbon-holder, and
finally through the carbon. The lower carbon-holder is in connection with the
negative pole of the motor.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Herbert John Haddan in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
8th November 1881.
26
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ELECTRIC LIGHTING APPARATUS." A communication from abroad by
R. J. Gülcher, of Bielitz-Biala, in the Empire of Austria.
This new électric lamp is distinguished not only by its great simplicity, but also
by its easy applicability in dusty manufacturing rooms owing to the absence of
clock-work. The necessary regulation of. a good electric lamp is achieved by the
positive motion of a single electro-magnet without any intermediate mechanism.
By reason of this simplicity the lamp can be manufactured at a low price.
Further, it requires no frequent repairs, and regulates the distance of the carbons,
so as to produce the greatest possible intensity of light for any given power of
current.
The positive pole of the source of electricity is connected with the insulated
binding-screw A (see Drawing), whence the current is conducted by a short wire
to the equally insulated standard B. In this standard the pivots of a metallic
ring C are lodged, which ring C is attached to a bar electro magnet D which thus
can be turned on the said pivots. The electric current passes now from the
standard B through the pivots of the ring C into this ring; from here it flows.into
the core of the electro-magnet after passing through the wire garniture of the latter
and continues its course partly through the spring E, which touches the magnet
and is put in conducting connection with the metal-casing of the lamp, while the
other part of the current flows directly to the holder F of the upper carbon
(consisting of an iron bar), which touches the other end of the magnet, and finally
by a suitable conduit to the second binding screw G (which is connected with the
negative pole of the source of electricity) after having passed through the holder F,
the carbon points, and the bolder of the lower carbon. Under one end of the
electro-magnet and at some distance from the same, a small prismatic iron bar H is
fastened to the casing. The spring E touching the magnet is furnished with a
similar but smaller iron-prism J. Finally a spring made adjustable by a screw
presses upon a lengthened screw of the metal ring C (the lengthened screw is
attached to the angle lever K, and insulated from the casing), and causes the
electro magnet to rest against a movable screw spindle L, as long as no current
flows through the lamp. The armatures at the two poles of the electro magnet are
curved with circles, the centre of which lies in the fulcrum of the magnet,
consequently in the axis of the pivots of the ring C these armatures and the iron
parts F and J in contact with them have a thin brass covering, partly to prevent
the iron from rusting, partly to secure a correct working of the lamp. As soon as
the two binding screws A and G of the lamp are accurately connected in the above
described way with the poles of a source of electricity, the electro magnet attracts
tightly the upper carbon-holder F to the armature which touches the electro
magnet. At the same time a reciprocal attraction takes place between the second
armature (which is somewhat lengthened downward), and the prismatic iron bar H.
As however the iron bar H is fastened to the casing, the armature or pole is forced
to approach it, that is to say, to turn the electro-magnet round the pivots of the
ring C. By this motion the upper carbon holder is lifted (because the armature
attracted by the carbon-holder F moves on this in exactly the same way as a rack
and pinion of infinitely fine pitch), consequently the carbon points, which previously
touched each other, are again separated and form the voltaic arc. It is clear that

page_text: with the distance of the carbon points the resistance increases, the force of current
however and the power of the magnet diminishes, and it is consequently necessary
that this distance (upon which the strength of the voltaic arc depends) should
correspond with the strength of current, as the weight of the upper carbon holder
on the one side and the power of attraction of the magnet on the other side always
balance each other. In proportion as the distance of the carbon-points increases
by burning off, the magnetism on the other hand becomes weaker; in consequence
of that the magnet deviates more and more from the iron bar H, thereby causing
the carbon points to approach each other in proportion as they are burnt off, and
continues to turn backward until it is finally arrested by the stop of the screw L.
From this moment the magnet remains constantly at rest and the carbon-points
reach soon, by further burning off, that distance which produces the greatest
intensity of light (corresponding to the force of current). As soon as this intensity
of light is attained the power of attraction of the magnet gets by the further
burning off of the carbon-points so small that; the upper carbon-holder F is no
longer held by its pole and consequently commences to slide down. This sliding
down of the carbon-holder is very slow, as at the least approach of the carbon-
points the magnetism increases again, thereby attracting the carbon-holder to the
pole and preventing its further down motion. If the carbon-holder would sink too
low the magnetism would increase sufficiently to cause the attraction of the iron
bar H to act again in the above described way, and the process would recommenco
'after some time. As the experiments with the new lamp bave shown the magnet
remains (from the above mentioned moment) constantly at rest, provided the
fluctuations of the current are not too strong, this already proves that the carbon-
holder F never falls too low if set free. The light itself, in which no fluctuations
are observable, is however the best proof for this; the moments of regulation are
only then perceptible by looking directly into the light and observing the carbon-
points. The new lamp burns therefore very steadily.
The above mentioned covering (of brass or any other unmagnetical metal) of the
carbon holder and armature causes the carbon-holder F to slide down in due time
and not to remain attracted to the pole too long. By this simple means an easy
and regular sliding down of the carbon-holder is attained. The above mentioned
small iron prism J (which is fastened to the spring E) forms a magnetic brake,
which serves to soften the movement of the electro-magnet which takes place at
the beginning, and this brake fulfils its task in a more perfect manner than a vane,
air cushion, or any similar mechanism would do it. The reason of it is simply that
the stopping force (co-efficient of friction of the metals multiplied by power of
attraction of the electro-magnet) is directly proportional to the strength of the electric
current. In fact, by using this magnetic brake the lamp burns from the beginning
as steadily as afterwards, when the magnet strikes against the screw Land remains
in its state of rest. The thin brass-covering of the pole and of the small iron-
prism J prevents also with this brake a too strong adhesion to the magnet, and
allows an easy and equal movement.
The inventor prefers to make both carbon-holders movable, the upper and the
under one, and to connect them with each other in the known way, so that the
focus is maintained at a constant height. By this arrangement the lower carbon-
holder can be easily employed for partly balancing the upper one, if the latter is
too heavy for being safely carried by the electro-magnet. The application of rack
and pinion for this purpose is not necessary, it is sufficient to fasten the carbon
holders by means of silken strings or similar means to suitable drums of the
required diameter (see sketch).
All that has hitherto been said about the new electric lamp had reference to
single lights, that is to say, it was supposed that only one lamp was put in the
external circuit of a source of electricity; but this lamp is also easily applicable for
the division of electric light, that to say, for the production of several voltaic arc
lights by a single source of electricity, without changing anything in the construction
of the lamp, or having to add any mechanism for this purpose. It is sufficient to

page_text: place the desired number of these lamps in parallel circuits between the poles of a
source of electricity (which provides currents of sufficient quantity), in order to
obtain not only an automatic but also a reciprocal regulation of the lamp, and this
with a perfection which has not been attained by the more or less complicated
systems of so called differential lamps hitherto used. The reason for this lies first
in the positive motion of the electro-magnet of these lamps, which immediately
regulates the distance of the carbon-points, according to the strength of the electric
current, and without any auxiliary mechanism. A second and essential reason is
further, that the actions of the electro-magnets depend especially upon the quantity
of current, and that only currents of great quantity can be used with lamps placed
in parallel circuits.
Supposing two of the above described lamps to be put in parallel circuits (as
shown on Drawing, Figure 2), one will easily observe that the one lamp is the
regulator of the other one. For instance, if the lamp A had been first lighted by
closing the branch conductor belonging to it, and if now the second derived
branch conductor (of the lamp B) be closed, the principal current suitably
strengthened by the double closing divides itself into two parts. The part of
current which flows through the lamp B is stronger than the one of the lamp A,
because at B the carbon-points come in contact, and consequently the resistance
in this branch conductor is smaller than in the other one. The result is that
the lamp B immediately (through energetic action of the electro-magnet which
removes the carbon points from each other) is set in action, and at the lamp A
the carbon points will be brought a little nearer, according to the diminution of
the force of the respective branch current. If now at the lamp B the distance
of the carbon-points becomes larger than at the other one (A), the force of current
in A must augment again, and cause the carbon-points in B to approach each other.
Inversely if in the lamp A the distance of the carbon-points becomes too great, the
resulting increase of current in the branch belonging to B causes the electro-magnet
to increase the distance of the carbon points; by this the whole current is
weakened to an extent that the upper carbon-holder of the lamp A cannot be
carried any longer by the electro-magnet, but will slide down, in consequence of
which the carbon points of the lamp A will again approach each other. The result
of this will be a new weakening of the branch-current in B, consequently the
magnet will here return into its state of rest, and so on.
It will be noticed that the two lamps in parallel circuits are similar as regards
their reciprocal action to the solenoids of different resistance in differential lamps;
one lamp regulates the other and through the same itself, so that within the
shortest time the equilibrium between the two lamps and their respective branch
currents must be restored. As soon as this is attained, a third lamp C (see sketch,
Fig. 3) can be placed in parallel circuit between the poles of the same source of
clectricity. The two first lamps which have already regulated themselves
reciprocally can now be considered as a whole (A and B), which after closing the
circuit belonging to lamp C, is regulated by the latter (C), and inversely C is
regulated through (A and B). In this way A produces now on (B and C), and B on
(A and C) an automatic and reciprocal regulation. All that is valid for three lamps
has also validity for any number of lamps, and it is consequently proved that the
new lamps, without addition of any special mechanism, can be excellently used for
the division of electric light by means of a simple arrangement in parallel circuits.
The advantages of a good arrangement of parallel circuits, and of the application in
connection with it of strong quantity currents are (in opposition to the division of
the electric light hitherto attained by currents of high tension and differential
lamps placed one after another) of great importance, and consist essentially in
the following:-That the electric light produced by this process is thoroughly
white (without the violet or bluish shine of the light produced by currents of high
tension), that the number of lamps which can be fed by a single source of electricity
is nearly unlimited; that the power used by the dynamo-electric machine is
proportional to the number of lamps which at one time are fed by it; that further

page_text: large and small lamps (of the latter a great number) can be provided for by one
and the same machine, and finally the lamps can be attended to while at work
without any danger, and even the contact with uncovered portions of the con-
ducting wires by unprotected parts of the body is free of danger.
T D²
4
4
931
All these advantages are attained by the great simplicity and positive motion
of the new electric lamp which permits its application in parallel circuits, as well as
the use of strong quantity currents. It remains now to find simple and practical
means of obtaining an equal distribution of the electric current among the single
lamps. As the equal distribution of the electric current depends upon equally
large resistances of the parallel circuits, the same would be obtained by making the
resistances of the circuits equal among themselves, and this either by the application
of wires of different diameter (which would have to be calculated according to the
length of each circuit), or by adding other resistances. In most cases however
this method would be neither simple nor practical. The following method however
employed by the inventor answers perfectly the said purpose. As soon as the
number m of the lamps which are to be fed by the machine, as well as the length
of the conducting wire for the lamp remotest from the machine are known, the
diameter D of the conducting wire for the principal current is calculated. After
this the diameter d is calculated by the formula
mord=D VI and a
rope or cable formed from m wires of the diameter d, the said cable having the
same sectional area and also the same resistance as a single wire of the diameter D.
This cable is first joined with one pole of the source of electricity (for instance with
the positive one), and conducted to the first lamp, where (as in Fig. 4) a wire is
branched off, which, after having gone through the lamp, proceeds parallel to the
remaining (m-1) wires; at the second lamp a second wire of the cable is branched
off, which, after having been conducted through the lamp, joins the one coming
from the first lamp. At the third lamp a third wire of the cable is branched off in
a similar way, and conducted through the lamp, after which it joins the two wires
coming from the second lamp. This method is continued until the last remaining
wire of the cable has been conducted through the last (mth) lamp, and is again
joined with the (m-1) wires coming from the last but one lamp into a cable of m
wires. This cable is now conducted back to the second (the negative) pole of the
source of electricity. It will be seen that by this method the resistance of the
circuit for each lamp is equally large. For geometrical reasons all part-currents
(see Fig. 4) are of equal length; further, the cross section of every portion of the
conductor exactly corresponds with the quantity of current which flows through it.
As now the principal current is equal to the sum of the branch currents with m,
branch currents s of equal strength S will be = m, x, 8; consequently the current
flowing in the main conductor, until the first lamp is S
m-1
m
m-2
m
=
(m1) 8, from the
second lamp to the third there will be a current of S = (m2) s, and so on.
In the same proportion diminishes also the cross section of the conductor, because
a cable of m equally strong wires has been used for it, and because at every point
where a portion of the current is branched off, the cable has at the same time been
diminished by one wire.
S
Fig. 5 shows a sketch representing twelve lamps of equal intensity of light, and of
which four are placed in row with a branch current of the quantity. Here
is S 12 s; therefore the cable for the principal current S consists of twelve wires,
and the general arrangement is a repetition of the above described system of
parallel circuits (which can be considered as an "interweaving" of lamps in the
single wires of a cable) carried out in a way similar to that shown by Fig. 4. It
is clear that this system as regards the arrangement of the lamps, is capable of
many modifications, it is also easily applicable. It need hardly be mentioned that
the cable of the principal current can be composed instead of wires of several ropes
or cables of wires or wire strings, without having to change anything in the system

page_text: of parallel circuits; it is also indifferent to this system whether the single ropes,
wires, or wire strings belonging to a cable of the main current are insulated
or not.
CLAIMS.
1. In electric lamps, the application of an electro-magnet turning on an axle and 5
set in motion by the attraction of a fixed iron-bar.
2. The direct transmission of this motion on an iron-bar by means of an
armature of the electro-magnet, which armature either touches, the iron bar or is
in immediate proximity to it.
3. The application of a magnetic brake as above described for tempering the 1
movements.
4. The application of one or several of the principles stated in claims 1, 2, and 3,
to purposes of electric lighting by means of carbon-rods or plates, for single or
divided light.
5. For the purpose of dividing the electric light, that is to say, for producing 1
several voltaic are lights by a single source of electricity; the arrangement of
electric lamps in parallel circuits, so that the lamps are automatically and
reciprocally regulated in the manner described.
6. The application of one or several ropes or cables of insulated or naked wires
or wire strings for the purpose of an equal distribution of the electric current 2
among the different lamps, so that by means of these wires or wire strings
(belonging to the rope or cable) a portion of the current is branched off for each
lamp.
The whole substantially as described and illustrated.