New or Improved Method of and Apparatus for the Manufacture,., Storage, and Transport of Aërated Waters.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 18th June, 1892
Complete Specification Left, 20th Mar., 1893-Accepted, 29th Apr., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
New or Improved Method of and Apparatus for the Manufacture,.,
Storage, and Transport of Aërated Waters.
I, JAMES GRIEVE LORRAIN, of Norfolk House, Norfolk Street, London, W.C.,...
Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
and
or
My invention, in so far as it relates to the method, lies in electrolytically
decomposing a part of the water, a body or bodies immersed suspended or
dissolved therein, in a closed vessel so that the said water may be charged with the
gas or gases liberated by the said electrolytic action.
and
¦
The manufacture may be carried out in vessels suitably fitted with terminals and
electrodes and when desired with a device or devices for collecting a part of the ;
liberated gases for other purposes
for depolarising such. The same or
similar apparatus may be employed for the storage and transport of the aërated
water.
or
I may add acids other matters for the purpose of colouring or flavouring.
and
or
the water or for the purpose of increasing its electrical conductivity.
I may carry my invention into effect in one of two ways.
As the
According to the first of these ways I take a vessel of the kind ordinarily known
as a "siphon" but fitted internally with two terminals or electrodes similar to those.
usually employed in an ordinary water voltameter. The said vessel fitted as..
described I shall hereinafter refer to by the term "electrolysing siphon" and the
said terminals or electrodes I shall hereinafter refer to as the "clectrodes" in order.
to distinguish them from the external terminals to be mentioned hereafter. When
the electrolysing siphon is filled with water and closed up tight by the means usually
employed in the case of ordinary aërated water siphons, and a current of electricity
of sufficient quantity and adequate electromotive force passed through the said
electrodes a part of the water in the vessel is split up into its constituent gases the
oxygen being given off at the anode and the hydrogen at the cathode.
gases given off cannot escape they are collected and are retained under pressure in
the electrolysing siphon just as the carbon dioxide gas is retained in an ordinary
soda water siphon. In practice the electric current will be passed until a sufficient.
quantity of water has been split up to produce the desired pressure of gas in the
electrolysing siphon. It will be seen that the water in the electrolysing siphon is
now charged or aërated with a gaseous mixture consisting of two volumes of
hydrogen to one of oxygen; but if desired the water is easily impregnated with
other gases also if suitable bodies capable of being electrolysed are added to the
water. If the presence of another gas or other gases be desired then it is only
necessary to add to the water a suitable body or bodies which on the passage of the
current will yield the desired gas or gases. It is unnecessary for me to specify here
what bodies to employ in order to cause the water in the electrolysing siphon to be
charged with any desired gas or gases, as, given the desired gas or gases, any com-
petent chemist will know what body or bodies to add to the water so as to effect the
aëration of the water with the desired gas or gases, and at the same time leave no
deleterious or disagreeable matter in solution. Full information on the electrolysis
of different bodies may be obtained from such well known works as those of Gore,
Watts, Gmelin and others.
1
In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating a part of my

page_text: invention. It will be seen that the only difference between the electrolysing
siphon A here illustrated and an ordinary siphon is that the former has two electric
conductors B B passing into the interior and fitted with terminal plates C C COD-
stituting the electrodes hereinbefore mentioned. When a suitable current is passed
the liquid between the two electrodes is electrolysed and the liberated gases aërate
the water. This electrolysing siphon is readily portable.
According to the second of the ways of carrying my invention into effect, instead
of electrolysing the water in a vessel of the type illustrated in Figure 1 which is
portable and which serves for the transport and storage of the aërated water I
electrolyse the water in a stationary vessel of large size and when I desire to
transport or distribute the aërated water I do so by passing the water already
acrated in the stationary vessel into ordinary siphons in the same way as ordinary
acrated water siphons are at present filled.
The electrolysing siphon that is to say the siphon fitted as hereinbefore men-
tioned constitutes an apparatus suitable not only for the manufacture of aërated
waters but also for their storage and transport. When intended for transport it is
advantageous to have the said vessels so fitted with external terminals for attaching
to the leads from the source or reservoir of electrical energy employed that the said
terminals cannot be easily broken off or destroyed and such form is also advan-
tageous for the manufacture and storage of the aërated water as well as for its
transport. With this object in view I construct a convenient form of apparatus as
follows. Instead of making the electrolysing siphon as hereinbefore mentioned
with reference to Figure 1 I make it with two necks D, D' as shown in Figure 2.
One of these necks D is fitted as is the neck of an ordinary aërated water siphon
and the other neck D' I fit with attachment terminals in electrical connection with
the electrodes hereinbefore mentioned. These attachment terminals are similar to
those employed in the base of a socket incandescent electric lamp as ordinarily con-
structed. I shall hereinafter refer to D' as the "charging head" and to D as the
tap head." When I use a vessel fitted with a charging head as just described I
employ a device hereinafter called a charging cap and which is diagrammatically
illustrated in Figure 3. This device is similar to an ordinary socket holder that is
to say a holder as ordinarily used with socket incandescent electric lamps and its
function is to temporarily connect the external terminals hereinbefore mentioned to
the source or reservoir of electrical energy employed for the aëration of the water.
It is unnecessary for me to describe in detail the tap head for it is the same as that
employed in ordinary siphons for aërated waters or the charging head which is
similar to the base or socket of an ordinary socket incandescent.electric lamp or the
charging cap which is similar to an ordinary holder for socket electric incandescent
lamps. The particular form of charging head and charging cap illustrated corre-
spond with the ordinary socket base and holder of incandescent electric lamps which
screw the one into the other. I desire it to be understood however that a charging
head and cap constructed as any of the ordinary lamp bases and holders are con-
structed will serve my purpose.
66
A more graceful form of electrolysing siphon may be made by arranging the
parts so that instead of there being two necks there shall be only one-the parts
constituting the charging head being arranged concentrically with the parts con-
stituting the tap head. Such an arrangement is represented in Figure 4 and will
be easily understood it being only necessary to bear in mind that at the part 1
to the arrangement is identical with that of a charging head as previously
described and that the part to a is identical with that of an ordinary tap head
except that there are two additional bores each containing one of the conductors
leading to the electrodes, the said conductors being carefully insulated as shown in
Figure 5.
The part to ¹ of this figure shows the charging cap in position upon the
electrolysing siphon, the outer portion of the said cap extending over the part ¹
to as shown.
The stationary vessel hereiubefore referred to is similar to the ordinary cylinders

page_text: or vessels employed in the present method of manufacture and is fitted with the usual
devices for passing the aërated water to ordinary aërated water bottles or to siphons
of the ordinary form.
I desire it to be understood that in referring to the forms of apparatus illustrated
5 in the drawings I refer to such forms simply as constituting types or examples of
my invention.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
New or Improved Method of and Apparatus for the Manufacture,
Storage, and Transport of Aërated Waters.
I, JAMES GRIEVE LORRAIN, of Norfolk House, Norfolk Street, London, W.C.,
Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
and
My invention, in so far as it relates to the method, lies in electrolytically
decomposing a part of the water, a body or bodies immersed suspended or
dissolved therein, in a closed vessel so that the said water may be charged with
the gas or gases liberated by the said electrolytic action.
or
The manufacture is carried out in vessels suitably fitted with terminals and
electrodes and when desired with a device or devices for collecting a part of the
and
for depolarising such. The same or similar
liberated gases for other purposes
or
and
apparatus may be employed for the storage and transport of the aërated water.
I may when desired add acids other matters for the purpose of colouring
or flavouring the water or for the purpose of increasing its electrical conductivity.
I may carry my invention into effect in one of two ways.
or
According to the first of these ways I take a vessel of the kind ordinarily
known as a "
siphon" but fitted internally with two terminals or electrodes similar
to those usually employed in an ordinary water voltameter. The said vessel fitted
as described I shall hereinafter refer to by the term "electrolysing siphon" and
the said terminals or electrodes I shall hereinafter refer to as the "electrodes" in
order to distinguish them from the external terminals to be mentioned hereafter.
When the electrolysing siphon is filled with water and closed up tight by the
means usually employed in the case of ordinary aürated water siphons and a current
of electricity of sufficient quantity and adequate electromotive force passed through
the said electrodes a part of the water in the vessel is split up into its constituent
gases the oxygen being given off at the anode and the hydrogen at the cathode.
As the gases given off cannot escape they are collected and are retained under
pressure in the electrolysing siphon just as the carbon dioxide gas is retained in an
ordinary soda water siphon. In practice the electric current will be passed until
a sufficient quantity of water has been spilt up to produce the desired pressure of
gas in the electrolysing siphon. It will be seen that the water in the electrolysing
siphon is now charged or aërated with a gaseous mixture consisting of two volumes
of hydrogen to one of oxygen; but if desired the water is easily impregnated
with other gases also if suitable bodies capable of being electrolysed are added
to the water. If the presence of another gas or other gases be desired then it is
only necessary to add to the water a suitable body or bodies which on the passage
of the current will yield the desired gas or gases. It is unnecessary for me to
specify here what bodies to employ in order to cause the water in the electrolysing
siphon to be charged with any desired gas or gases, as, given the desired gas or

page_text: gases, any competent chemist will know what body or bodies to add to the water
so as to effect the aëration of the water with the desired gas or gases, and at the
same time leave no deleterious or disagreeable matter in solution. Full information
on the electrolysis of different bodies may be obtained from such well known
works as those by Gore, Watts, Gmelin and others.
The drawings hereinafter referred to are those filed with my Provisional
Specification.
Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating a part of my invention.
It will be seen that the only difference between the electrolysing syphon A here
illustrated and an ordinary siphon is that the former has two electric conductors BB
passing into the interior and fitted with terminal plates C C constituting the
electrodes hereinbefore mentioned. When a suitable current is passed the liquid
between the two electrodes is electrolysed and the liberated gases aërate the
water. This electrolysing siphon is readily portable.
According to the second of the ways of carrying my invention into effect,
instead of electrolysing the water in a vessel of the type illustrated in Figure
which is portable and which serves for the transport and storage of the aërated
water I electrolyse the water in a stationary vessel of large size and when I desire
to transport or distribute the aërated water I do so by passing the water already
aërated in the stationary vessel into ordinary siphons in the same way as ordinary
aërated water siphons are at present filled.
The electrolysing siphon that is to say the siphon fitted as hereinbefore mentioned
constitutes an apparatus suitable not only for the manufacture of aërated waters
but also for their storage and transport. When intended for transport it is
advantageous to have the said vessels so fitted with external terminals for attaching
to the leads from the source or reservoir of electrical energy employed that the
said terminals cannot be easily broken off or destroyed (as would be the case in
the form illustrated in Figure 1) and such form is also advantageous for the
manufacture and storage of the aërated water as well as for its transport. With
this object in view I construct a convenient form of apparatus as follows. Instead
of making the electrolysing siphon as hereinbefore mentioned with reference to
Figure I make it with two necks D, D¹ as shown in Figure 2. One of these
necks D is fitted as is the neck of an ordinary aërated water siphon and the other
neck D¹ I fit with attachment terminals in electrical connection with the electrodes
hereinbefore mentioned. These attachment terminals are similar to those employed
in the base of a socket incandescent electric lamp as ordinarily constructed. I
shall hereinafter refer to D' as the "charging head" and to D as the "tap head."
When I use a vessel fitted with a charging head as just described I employ a
device hereinafter called a "
charging cap" and which is diagrammatically
illustrated in Figure 3. This device is similar to an ordinary socket holder that
is to say a holder as ordinarily used with socket incandescent electric lamps and
its function is to temporarily connect the external terminals herein before mentioned
to the source or reservoir of electrical energy employed for the aëration of the
water. It is unnecessary for me to describe in detail the tap head for it is the
same as that employed in ordinary siphons for aërated waters or the charging head
which is similar to the base or socket of an ordinary socket incandescent electric
lamp or the charging cap which is similar to an ordinary holder for socket electric
incandescent lamps. The particular form of charging head and charging cap
illustrated correspond with the ordinary socket base and holder of incandescent
electric lamps which screw the one into the other. I desire it to be understood
however that a charging head and cap constructed as any of the ordinary electric
incandescent lamp bases and holders are constructed will serve my purpose.
A more graceful form of electrolysing siphon may be made by arranging the
parts so that instead of there being two necks there shall be only one-certain
parts constituting the charging head being arranged concentrically with the parts
constituting the tap head. Such an arrangement is represented in Figure 4 and
will be easily understood it being only necessary to bear in mind that at the part

page_text: to the arrangement is identical with that of a charging head as previously
described and that the part 2 to 3 is identical with that of an ordinary tap head
except that there are two additional bores each containing one of the con luctors
leading to the electrodes, the said conductors being carefully insulated as shown
in Figure 5.
The part to of this figure shows the charging cap in position upon the
electrolysing siphon, the outer portion of the said cap extending over the part
to as shown.
The stationary vessel hereinbefore referred to is similar to the ordinary cylinders.
or vessels employed in the present method of manufacture and is fitted with the
usual devices for passing the aërated water to ordinary aërated water bottles or to
siphons of the ordinary form.
To keep the external terminals clean upon an electrolysing siphon as shown in
Figures 2 and 4, I generally replace the charging cap after the charging has been
completed by an ordinary screw cap, of metal or other suitable material, which is
only removed for the purpose of charging.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The new or improved method of manufacture of aërated waters which consists
in electrolytically decomposing a part of the said water in a closed vessel so that
that portion of the water which is not electrolytically decomposed shall be charged
under pressure with the gas resulting from the said electrolytic decomposition,.
substantially as set forth.
2. The new or improved apparatus for the manufacture of aërated waters which
consists in a closed vessel fitted with electrodes, substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
3. The new or improved apparatus for the manufacture, storage and transport.
of aërated waters, consisting in an electrolysing siphon, that is to say an ordinary
siphon fitted with electrodes, substantially as set forth.
4. The new or improved apparatus for the manufacture, storage and transport.
of aërated waters, substantially as set forth with reference to Figure 2.
5. The new or improved apparatus for the manufacture, storage and transport.
of aërated waters, substantially as set forth with reference to Figure 4.
6. In apparatus for the manufacture of aërated waters, a charging cap
substantially as set forth.
Dated this 20th day of March 1893.
JAMES GRIEVE LORRAIN.