matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED CHURN FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BUTTER
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Pierre Van de Voorde, of the City of Brussels, in the
Kingdom of Belgium, Engineer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED CHURN
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BUTTER."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Pierre Van de Voorde at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st June 1879.
PIERRE VAN DE VOORDE, of the City of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium,
Engineer. "AN IMPROVED CHURN FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BUTTER."
This Invention consists in improvements in the construction of churns for the
manufacture of butter, whereby the milk or cream employed for such purpose is
always maintained at the desired degree of temperature without the necessity of
adding hot or cold water thereto.
The main portion or body of the churn, which is of any desired size or shape,
may be constructed of wood, tinned or galvanised iron, glass, or any other suitable
material. A vertical shaft mounted in bearings so formed as to admit of the
rotation thereof passes through the centre of the cover of the body of the churn and
extends through the interior to the opposite end of the latter. On this shaft are
mounted the requisite beaters consisting, by preference, of a series of perforated
arms, which can be taken out of the churn for the purpose of facilitating the
cleansing thereof by disconnecting the shaft. That portion of the said shaft which
extends beyond the cover of the churn is provided with a bevel toothed wheel
which gears into a second bevel toothed wheel on a shaft mounted in suitable
bearings and capable of being rotated by any suitable and known means; this
arrangement of mechanism admits of the necessary rotary motion being transmitted
to the beaters.
Within the body of the churn is placed, in such a manner as not to interfere
with the action of the beaters, a coiled pipe or worm, one end of which projects
through the upper part of the churn, the opposite end thereof passes through the
side at the lower part of the churn, and is provided with a tap or stopper, or it
may be continued. The interior of the churn having been filled with cold water
the milk, as it is taken from the cow, is passed through the said coiled pipe, whereby

page_text: I consider novel and original and therefore claim as constituting the Invention
secured to me by the said hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent are,—
The improvements in the construction of churns for the purpose of varying and
regulating the temperature of the substance under treatment, substantially as
herein before described and set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Pierro Van de Voorde, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CRUETS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Francis Gascoigne Lynde, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CRUETS AND
OTHER VESSELS,"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Francis Gascoigne Lynde at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th November 1879.
"
FRANCIS GASCOIGNE LYNDE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CRUETS AND OTHER VESSELS."
My Invention consists in making a cruet or other vessel from which the vinegar,
mustard, or other condiment is ejected by pressure. I make the cruet or vessel
with an india rubber or other flexible top, and with a tube or spout issuing from the
lower part of the vessel. The vessel is partially filled with mustard or other
condiment and the air between the mustard and the flexible top acts as a cushion
and ejects the mustard through the tube or spout when the top is depressed.
Another method of performing my Invention is by placing a float or plunger on the
top of the mustard or other condiment to which is attached a rod issuing through
the cover of the vessel by depressing which the mustard is caused to flow from the
spout.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BITS AND IN REINS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Vincenzo Count di Tergolina at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th April 1879.
VINCENZO COUNT DI TERGOLINA, of 8, Bernard Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Doctor in Civil and Canonical Law. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BITS AND IN REINS."
The improvements consist, as regards bits, in forming the mouth bar of one piece
with screwed ends to screw into the cheeks at each side, with bolt attachment or
other fasteners; also in supplying hinged mouth bars with a stop or check in the
hinge, so that the play of the hinged parts shall not pass a certain distance; also in
elongating the cheek plates, so that they may prevent the animal using them from
being able to bite. As regards reins and bridles, in making the nose band of a
metal chain covered with leather, gutta percha, rubber, or other suitable material,
said cover being made larger, longer, and looser than the chain. Also in a forked
rein fitted to each side of the bit, one arm the highest into a ring or slot therein at
the level of the nose band, the other about level with the mouth bar.
PROVEMENTS IN PEN-HOLDERS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Boggett at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th July 1879.
WILLIAM BOGGETT, of Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman.
PROVEMENTS IN PEN-HOLDERS."
"IM-
The object of this Invention is to construct a new description of pen-holder
capable of holding pens in such a manner as to render their motion in the act of
writing more pliant and agreeable than with the holders commonly in use.
The resilient properties of india rubber make it advantageous for carrying my
Invention into effect, as by simply pressing a piece of tube made of that material
on to the end of a pen-holder or stick, and inserting a pen between the holder and
the tube it writes with much greater freedom and pliancy than with the ordinary
pen-holders.
I do not however confine myself to this or any other method of employing india
rubber for the purpose in view.
My Invention also embraces the use in some cases of light metal springs which
may be made of different forms and applied in various ways, but in all cases they
will be fastened to the pen-holders with the object of giving the requisite pliability
to the pens. Or a combination of metal and india rubber will give the requisite
pliancy to the pen.
IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON TELEGRAPH POSTS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Carl Glaser at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th March 1879. A communication
from Jean Rauch, of Frankfort on the Main, in the Kingdom of Prussia.
FREDERIC CARL GLASER, of Berlin, in the Kingdon of Prussia and Empire of
Germany, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON TELEGRAPH
POSTS." A communication from Jean Rauch, of Frankfort on the Main, in the
Kingdom of Prussia.
The wooden telegraph posts in ordinary use have been the subject of frequent
complaint; the iron posts subsequently adopted were it is true more durable, but
their first cost was considerable, and an additional expense was incurred in putting
them up by socketing them in stone to give them a firm base.
These iron telegraph posts have hitherto consisted of a single shaped piece of
iron, upon the top of which were fitted the crosspieces or supports, in which were
adjusted the insulators of the telegraph wires.
As this iron afforded only a relatively small surface for the fitting of the cross-
pieces or arins, it became necessary to restrict the length of these arms, and there-.
fore each of them could carry but a few insulators, so that when the number of
telegraph wires was somewhat considerable the insulators were placed in rows the
one above the other, thereby necessitating the use of relatively high telegraph
posts, while to give the same degree of firmness to a tall post a stronger foundation.
was required.
All the defects above set forth are removed when in lieu of an shaped post iron
posts are employed, shaped, for example, as shown upon the accompanying Sheet of
Drawing, where it will be seen that the posts themselves are [ shaped, the weight
of which per foot is less than half, or about equal to half, of that of the
hitherto employed for the posts.
iron
This arrangement offers a greater surface for the fitting of the crossarms, which
may therefore be longer, and the wires so arranged that a greater number may be
placed upon each crosspiece or support, thus considerably reducing the height of
the telegraph posts.
It will no longer be necessary to use blocks of stone as a foundation, nor to bury
the posts to so great a depth as hitherto, usually about a yard and a half, whereas
one yard will suffice for these improved posts; the iron surfaces H, H, C, will ensure
the perfect stability of the posts.

page_text: The accompanying Drawing shows a post formed of a single bar of iron A, bent
to a A shape; B and C are two crosspieces, which facilitate the transport of the
post, the second also serving for the foundation; these crosspieces may be bolted or
rivetted on; E, E, E, arms or crosspieces carrying the insulators.
The section f, g, shows a side view of the iron bar and its relative position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE HYDRAULIC CRANES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Reginald Parkes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th February 1879.
CHARLES REGINALD PARKES, of East Ferry Road Engineering Works, Millwall.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE HYDRAULIC CRANES."
This Invention relates to those cranes in which the lifting cylinder is contained in
a column or pillar, to which is fixed the jib of the crane.
Hitherto the supply pipe to the cylinder of such cranes has been placed under-
neath the base of the crane, but it has been found that this method is objectionable,
as the pipes and connections are often damaged, and are not easily got at for
repairs.
There is also great difficulty in getting at the gland of the said pipe for packing
purposes.
Now the first part of my Invention consists in arranging the connecting pipe
from the supply valves above the base of the crane, the pipe from the cylinder
working in a stuffing box which cannot be injured, and is easy to get at.
The second portion of my Invention relates to a method of closing the supply
valve when the ram has reached its full stroke.
According to this part of the Invention the pillar is turned truly round at the
desired place, and a ring is turned to work loose on it.
On the ram rising to its full stroke it lifts the loose ring by means of bars or
chains, and the free end of a tappet or lever which rests on this ring is thereby
moved, and by means of a suitable connection closes the supply valve so that no
more water is admitted to the cylinder.
'The third part of my Invention relates to the formation of a circular groove of a
suitable section on the top or the bottom bearing, in which the pillar turns or
revolves.
In this groove slide buffers of any convenient shape, which can be fixed at any
required points by means of bolts tightened by nuts, so that the pillar can be
stopped by the buffers at any point over the hatchway of ship or any other
place.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RECEIVING APPARATUS FOR TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Aldridge Ormiston at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th June 1879. A com-
munication from abroad by Henry M. MoIntire, of Easton, Pennsylvania, in
the United States of America.
FREDERIC ALDRIDGE ORMISTON, of the Telephone Company, Limited, of No. 36,
Coleman Street, in the City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN RECEIVING APPARATUS
FOR TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION." [A communication from abroad by Henry M.
McIntire, of Easton, Pennsylvania, in the United States of America.]
According to the present Invention a receiving apparatus for telephonic
communication is constructed as follows:-A diaphragin by preference of mica
fixed in the side of a closed casing has attached to it one end of a rod, plate, or bar,'
the other end of which rests upon a cylinder made to revolve in such a direction
that by the friction between the plate or bar and the cylinder, the latter tends to
exert a pull upon the bar, and consequently upon the diaphragm. Between the
diaphragm and cylinder is placed an electro magnet through the coils of which the
currents pass from the sending instrument, and which either acts on the plate or
bar itself as on an armature, or an armature is attached to the plate or bar, so that
on the passing of a current the electro magnet attracts the bar more or less, causing
its end to press with greater or less force upon the revolving cylinder. Thus,
according as the strength of the current varies the frictional contact between the
tar and the cylinder will vary, and the varying pull thereby exerted by the
cylinder upon the bar will produce correspondingly varying vibrations in the
diaphragm.
Various other arrangements may be employed for causing the attraction of the
electro magnet to put a varying pull upon the bar; thus, the end of the bar may
be formed with an inclined surface bearing on an inclined plane, so that any
increased pressure of the former upon the latter will tend to cause the inclined
surface to slide downward. Or the end of the bar may be connected to the free
end of a lever or radius rod so arranged that any downward pressure upon its free
end causes it to exert a pull upon the bar.
AN IM- PROVED PROCESS OF PHOTOGRAPHIC PRINTING ON GLASS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Anderson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd June 1879. A communication from
abroad by Alfred Firmin-Didot and A. Balencie, both of Paris, in the Republic
of France.
FRANCIS ANDERSON, of 6, Haymarket, in the County of Middlesex. "AN IM-
PROVED PROCESS OF PHOTOGRAPHIC PRINTING ON GLASS. A communication
from abroad by Alfred Firmin-Didot and A. Balencie, both of Paris, in the Republic
of France.
The Invention consists in producing upon glass or vitreous surfaces inalterable
photographic pictures, and is carried out as follows:-The vitreous surface upon
which the picture is to be fixed is first made non-transparent, or nearly so, by the
application of hydrofluoric acid, sand, oxide of iron, or other equivalent, or hy
coating it with enamel prepared with mucilaginous materials well distributed over
the surface, or by any other known process. Subsequently the surface is heated to
about 70° in a suitable gas stove or otherwise, and then coated with a solution of
about 25 parts of grape sugar or other suitable (preferably vegetable) binding sub-
stance in 200 parts of water, to which solution about 40 parts of saturated aqueous
solution of bichromate of ammonia have been added. The surface thus prepared
is then placed in an ordinary photographic printing frame in contact with a
transparent positive of the picture to be produced, and sufficiently exposed to the
action of light, after which vitrifiable oxide is brought on prepared surface and
caused to run over the same with the least possible friction until the friction has
been developed to the required intensity. Finally, the surface is vitrified in a
temperature of about 700°.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STRINGED INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th January 1879. A communi-
cation from abroad by Anton Sprenger, of Stuttgart, in the Kingdom of
Würtemberg.
"
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. * IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STRINGED INSTRUMENTS." A communication from
abroad by Anton Sprenger, of Stuttgart, in the Kingdom of Würtemberg.
The Invention consists in bending the cover of violins or other stringed instru-
ments by means of a bending-staff inserted into the body of the instrument, and
carrying near its centre a sound post, which supports the cover of the instrument.
The said bending-staff is fixed at one end in the frame of the instrument, and at the
other end is subject to the pressure of a screw, which may be turned by hand, and
works in a nut fixed in the frame of the instrument. By turning the screw the
staff is bent in the centre, thereby raising the sound post and pressing it against
the cover of the instrument. Bending-staff and sound post are preferably made of
wood, while the screw and nut may be metal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING CRYSTALLIZED CARBON
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Mactear at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th December 1879.
JAMES MACTEAR, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Chemist.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING CRYSTALLIZED CARBON."
This Invention consists in subjecting a suitable compound of carbon to con-
siderable pressure and heat, so as to effect the separation from the carbon of the
elements associated with it, the action being assisted if necessary by the presence
of another substance or substances, which or part of which will combine with the
elements or substances separated from the carbon. The carbon set free in the
reaction, or part of it, crystallises in what is believed to be the condition of
diamonds.
In carrying out the Invention according to one modification, a hydrocarbon, such
as benzene, is taken as the carbon compound, and chlorate of potash is added thereto
in quantity sufficient to yield the oxygen required to combine with the hydrogen
of the carbon compound. The mixture is confined in a vessel of steel or other
material of sufficient strength, and which will not by reason of its chemical nature
interfere with the reaction, and the vessel having been closed with a screw plug, or
in any other sufficient manner, is subjected to a heat. A temperature between 300
and 400 degrees centigrade has been found sufficient in practice, and it has been
found that about seventy hours are sufficient for the duration of the heating
operation and subsequent slow cooling, but these quantities may possibly be
capable of modification with advantage, particularly if different compounds are
employed. The pressure acting in the hereinbefore described modification of the
process is that due to the action of the heat on the confined substances, but with a
higher temperature less pressure may be necessary, and with greater pressure less
beat may be required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR TURNING OVER THE LEAVES OF MUSIC AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Evans and Thomas Joseph
Evans at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd July 1879.
ALFRED EVANS and THOMAS JOSEPH EVANS, both of Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR TURNING
OVER THE LEAVES OF MUSIC AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES."
This Invention consists in a mode of and Apparatus for turning over the leaves
of music with the certainty of always turning over only the top leaf.
Great
annoyance has been experienced at times by failure to turn over the leaves rapidly
the performance being sometimes involuntarily suspended owing to the bungling
with the leaves. Costly and cumbersome machines have been invented to perform
this duty but we have never heard of one really succeeding or becoming generally
adopted. Our Invention consists in fixing to each leaf before beginning a clip or
other stiff adjunct projecting from the side of the leaf, the clip for the top leaf being
near the bottom of the page, that for the one immediately below being a little
higher up, and so on, each clip in succession being nearer the top of the page than
the clip of the one above it. There are various forms of clips. They can be
stamped entirely out of metal or be made like the spring clips used with clothes
lines, or-though we do not recommend the plan-a stiff piece of cardboard could
be pasted to each leaf and could project in the same order as the movable clips
above mentioned. These clips will also be found useful to the public speaker or
lecturer having to refer to authorities, one of the clips being placed in each reference
in their order beginning at the bottom as before.
A NEW AND IMPROVED MEANS AND METHOD OF PRODUCING PATTERNS AND DESIGNS ON CLOTHS AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Jowett at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th October 1879.
BENJAMIN JOWETT, of No. 12, Queen's Street, Leeds, Contractor. "A NEW AND
IMPROVED MEANS AND METHOD OF PRODUCING PATTERNS AND DESIGNS ON CLOTHS
AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS.”
This Invention consists of a new method of producing patterns and designs on
textile fabrics by the means hereafter described.
The object and advantages of this process will be the introduction of artistic
designs for fabrics, such as skirts, dresses, mantles, table covers, panels, curtains,
patterns for smoking caps, and numerous other similar articles at much less cost at
which they are now produced.
To carry out my Invention the cloth or other material to be painted is fixed on a
suitable frame or other contrivance and the various colours are suitably arranged as
to be the most convenient position for the operator. The pattern or design to be
produced is first drawn upon carterage, drawing, or other suitable paper, and then cut
out forming a stencil. The stencil is coated over with a solution of knotting or
other suitable material and then placed upon the fabric to be operated upon.
I may also use stencils made and prepared of copper, tin, zinc, or other metal.
By this process and means the most elaborate patterns and designs can
be produced for borders suitable for skirts, dresses, table covers, window and bed
curtains, quilts, mantles, and other garments, also for trimmings and the like. The
stencil will be made to suit the object for which it is required; for instance, in cases
where they are required for petticoat borders or such like similar purposes they are
made of long lengths or strips, for cap covers one or more copies of the design may
be made on one stencil.
One of the advantages of this process is that any number of colours can be used
that the most beautiful shades and elegant devices will be economically produced
and useful for many purposes.
In some cases where a number of copies of one design are required I may adapt
a lithographer's press for the purpose of producing a number of copies more rapidly.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO IRON SCAFFOLDING, STAGES, TEMPORARY BRIDGES, TUNNELS, AND THE LIKE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Max Hahn at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 28th March 1879.
MAX HAHN, of Berlin, Prussia.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO IRON
SCAFFOLDING, STAGES, TEMPORARY BRIDGES, TUNNELS, AND THE LIKE."
My Invention consists in the use of wrought iron welded or rivetted tubes or
metal tubes in combination with suitable fittings for the construction of scaffolding,
stages, temporary bridges, tunnels, and the like.
The vertical tubes are secured in double sockets by means of screwed bolts,
and horizontal tubes are fitted to the said vertical tubes by means of hangers
composed of half rings adapted to clasp the tubes, and secured thereto by screwed
bolts and of connecting pieces. By this means the horizontal tubes can be fixed
at any required angle to each other, and they are lengthened as required by means
of other tubes secured by collars and tightening screws. The sets of tubes thus
connected are held in a firm position as required by means of anchors fixed in the
ground, such anchors being connected with the said vertical tubes by means of rods
or bars united at one of their ends by a pin to the tubes and at their other end to
the anchor by a screw and nut.
The anchor may be in the form of a Z with the screwed ends of the rods or bars
passed through the holes in the form of a ring, with the screwed ends of the rods or
bars passed through its periphery and fastened by nuts inside the ring, or it may be
of any other suitable form.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DOMESTIC FIRE PLACES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Perkins at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th March 1879.
THOMAS PERKINS, of Hitchin, in the County of Hertford. " IMPROVEMENTS IN
DOMESTIC FIRE PLACES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in domestic fire places.
In bed rooms and other places it is often convenient to have a ready laid fire,
which can be lighted without trouble at any time when desired. In bed rooms
especially a fire laid overnight and ready to light in the morning is a desideratum,
but unattainable at present where there has been a fire in use in the room the
night before, unless, which is rarely the case, the room be provided with two
separate fire places.
According to my Invention I provide a close chamber or cavity behind the stove
front, and I employ a double fire grate so that two fires may be laid simultaneously
but be separated by an air space; or it may be a fire lump or boiler, so that the
heat of a fire in one compartment shall not ignite the fuel laid in the other. The
double grate is arranged to turn about a vertical axis or on pivots at the top and
bottom. The compartment of the double grate which is turned to the back is
contained within the cavity, which, as already mentioned, is provided behind the
stove front and is completely out of sight, whilst the other compartment or front
may contain a fire in use in the room.
Where a boiler is set behind the fire grate of a range or stove I leave a passage
between the back of the grate and the boiler; it communicates at the bottom with
a flue passing beneath the boiler and rising behind the back thereof into the
chimney.
To heat the boiler the draft from the fire is directed downwards through the
passage, and thence into the flue beneath and at the back of the boiler. The
passage above mentioned is also fitted with a grating at its lower end, and is so
adapted to receive fuel within it for use when additional heat for the boiler is
required. The fuel in this cavity is burnt with a down draft, and causes the
boiler to be heated much more rapidly than it would be by the fire in the grate
alone.
A NEW APPARATUS FOR VIEWING TRANSPARENT PHOTOGRAPH AND OTHER PICTURES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jabez Francis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th June 1879.
JABEZ FRANCIS, of Rochford, in the County of Essex. "A NEW APPARATUS
FOR VIEWING TRANSPARENT PHOTOGRAPH AND OTHER PICTURES."
This Invention relates to a new apparatus, by means of which various different
tints may be communicated or illuminated and made visible on photographs,
drawings, prints, or pictures on glass, mica, silica, or any other transparent medium,
such different tints being changeable at will.
For this purpose I construct a hollow tube, or rectangular or other shaped casing
closed at both ends. The front end is closed by an opaque material, such as wood,
in which is fitted a lense for the spectator to look through. Next to and at some
little distance behind the lense I fit a partition, also of an opaque material, and
which extends across the cross sectional area of the inside of the tube or casing,
with the exception of an opening in the same, which admits and into which is
passed, through a suitable groove from the exterior of the tube or casing, a photo-
graphic slide or "lantern picture," or a sterescopic glass slide, or other transparent
picture. Behind and at some little distance from such partition of frame, and at a
suitable distance apart from each other, are two partitions of obscured glass, and
behind these latter a drum fitted so as to revolve in suitable bearings when turned
by a handle or other mechanical means fitted on the outside of the tube or casing
to one end of the drum spindle. Behind the drum is the back end of the tube or
casing, which also consists of a sheet of obscured glass.
The rays of light enter through the sheet of obscured glass composing the back
end of the tube or casing, fall upon the drum, and are refracted on to the nearest of
the two before mentioned partitions of obscured glass, where they are broken up
and roughly blended; they then fall on to the next or second of the said partitions
of obscured glass, when they are again diffused in soft and pleasing tints, which
illuminate the picture slid or placed in the opening of the partition or frame before
referred to, according to the various gradations of light and shade therein.
The drum may consist of two discs placed at a distance apart on the drum spindle,
between and from the peripheries of which extend sections of any transparent

page_text: medium, such as glass, mica, gelatine, etcetera; or the drum may be opaque, and
covered with paper or other substance of various colours, and instead of or in
addition to admitting the rays of light from the back end of the tube or casing such
light may be admitted at any other suitable part or parts of the tube or casing, as
for instance when it may be required to direct the rays of light on to the front
instead of on to the back of the drum.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO BOTTLES AND SIMILAR VESSELS, AND THE STOPPERS AND COVERS THEREOF, SUCH IMPROVEMENTS HAVING FOR OBJECT FACILITY OF AIR TIGHT CLOSING."
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Adam Briggs, of 1, David Place, Saint Helier's,
Jersey, Doctor of Medicine, and William Burt, of 24, Beresford Street, Saint
Helier's, Jersey, Dyer, for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO
BOTTLES AND SIMILAR VESSELS, AND THE STOPPERS AND COVERS THEREOF,
SUCH IMPROVEMENTS HAVING FOR OBJECT FACILITY OF AIR TIGHT CLOSING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Adam Briggs and
William Burt at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd July
1879.
EDWIN ADAM BRIGGS, of 1, David Place, Saint Helier's, Jersey, Doctor of
Medicine, and WILLIAM BURT, of 24, Beresford Street, Saint Helier's Jersey, Dyer.
"IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO BOTTLES AND SIMILAR VESSELS, AND THE STOPPERS
AND COVERS THEREOF, SUCH IMPTOVEMENTS HAVING FOR OBJECT FACILITY of
AIR TIGHT CLOSING."
A
The neck of the bottle or vessel is moulded with one or more lugs or projections
externally, and the inside of the neck is made in the form of an inverted cone.
cap or covering is made of boxwood or other suitable substance, and this cap is
grooved internally so as to fit over the external projections or lugs, and so formed
that it may make with the said projections what is usually called a bayonet joint.
The cap or covering has a stopper fixed within it, which consists of a projecting
piece, on which is firmly fixed a washer or ring of some elastic material. The
stopper is to be pressed into the conical neck of the bottle, and these parts are made
so as to correspond in size and shape with each other, that when the stopper is
pressed into the conical neck of the bottle the washer or ring forms an air-tight
plug, at the same time the projections on the bottle are forced into the grooves in
the cap, and being partially turned a perfectly air-tight and secure stopper is
formed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LATHES AND POTTERS' WHEELS, AND SIMILAR APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING A VARIETY OF FORMS OR PATTERNS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Halsted Cortis Stanford at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th August 1879.
WALTER HALSTED CORTIS STANFORD, of Westminster Chambers, Victoria Street,
in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LATHES AND POTTERS' WHEELS,
AND SIMILAR APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING A VARIETY OF FORMS OR PATTERNS."
This Invention refers to the construction of rocking headstocks or oscillating
mandrils applied to turning lathes and potters' wheels and similar apparatus.
The Invention consists in giving a rocking or oscillating motion to the headstock
or mandril of the lathe by a rocking bar or connecting rod working from a crank
pin or eccentric. The crank pin or eccentric is driven by gearing, so arranged that
the number of its revolutions shall bear a certain proportion to the number of
revolutions of the mandril. The proportion can be varied to any extent required,
and the crank pin or eccentric being adjustable to any length of stroke, the
oscillating motion can be regulated to the amount desired. By placing the crank
pin or eccentric in the centre, the oscillating motion ceases, and the rotary motion
of the mandril becomes that of an ordinary lathe.
The headstock itself may be made to rock on a spindle, or the mandril may be
constructed to work in sliding bearings. By another mode especially adapted to
potters' wheels, the mandrill may be tied in such a way that its lateral motion shall
be in a straight line.
For turning columns or other forms requiring support at both ends, the rocking
or oscillating motion may be given to the back centre. The oscillating motion may
be made regular throughout the length of the object to be operated upon, or the
oscillating motion may be increased or diminished at one or both ends, and if
necessary a spiral form obtained by altering the point of eccentricity of the back
centre.
The rocking or oscillating motion may be varied by driving the rocking bar or
bars from a cam or cams keyed on to the crank shaft in the place of the crank pin.
For the purpose of obtaining a further variety of patterns, the face plate may be
formed of two discs, one capable of being moved on the other and adjusted with
precision.

page_text: Some of the uses to which the Invention is applicable are,-Designing, drawing,
and engraving of patterns of endless variety on all kinds of material, metal, wood,
ivory, pottery, transfer paper for porcelain, stoneware, and linen for needlework.
Throwing and finishing on the potters' wheel other forms beside the circular.
Turning metal, wood, ivory, and any other suitable material, and the turning of
fluted columns with or without a slide rest.
AN IMPROVED COUPLING, APPLICABLE ALSO AS A STOPPER OR BREAK
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George William Hargreaves Brogden
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th May 1879.
GEORGE WILLIAM HARGREAVES BROGDEN, of King William Street, in the City
of London. "AN IMPROVED COUPLING, APPLICABLE ALSO AS A STOPPER OR
BREAK."
This Invention relates to the construction of an improved coupling, specially
applicable as a self acting safety catch for endless wire or other rope haulage, but also
applicable as a stopper or spring for wire or other ropes; also as a coupling for
railway carriages and other coupling purposes.
For the sake of simplicity I will describe my Invention as arranged for a safety
catch for coupling tram waggons to an endless rope for haulage.
The improved coupling cousists of a shoe, in which works a wedge. The upper
part of the shoe is recessed so as to pass and fit over the rope, and the lower part
of the shoe is inclined to correspond with the incline of the wedge; it is also
bevelled inwards on its lower surface to prevent the wedge being forced out. The
thin end of the wedge is provided with an eye or hook, by which it is attached by
means of a rope or chain to the waggon or waggons to be hauled. The upper
surface of the wedge is slightly concave to allow of its being pressed against the
rope without injuring the latter.
The action of the improved coupling is as follows:-The shoe being placed over
the rope, and the wedge placed in the shoe, and the waggon or waggons connected
as hereinbefore described to the wedge, the weight of the waggon or waggons tends
to tighten the wedge, and thus clamp the rope between the upper surface of the
wedge and the recessed part of the shoe, so that the waggon or waggons will then
be hauled by the rope.. To uncouple or to stop the haulage it is merely necessary
to stop the shoe, which may be effected by any suitable stop provided for the
purpose, so as to render the uncoupling automatic, or the stopping may be effected
by hand.
When used as a stopper or spring for hawsers a lever is provided for operating
the wedge.
For couplings and stoppers, or breaks. for other purposes, the construction and
operation are the same in principle to that herein before described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PULLEYS OR DRUMS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas James, Secretary to the Reading Iron Works,
Limited, and John Jackson, Foreman in the employ of the said Company, of
Reading, in the County of Berks, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF PULLEYS OR DRUMS."
Sealed the 9th March 1880, and dated the 25th November 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas James and John
Jackson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th November
1879.
THOMAS JAMES, Secretary to the Reading Iron Works, Limited, and JoHN
JACKSON, Foreman in the employ of the said Company, of Reading, in the County of
Berks. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PULLEYS OR DRUMS."
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of pulleys or drums
for driving machinery and for other purposes, whether such pulleys or drums be
made in halves, or whole, or partly spring open.
For this purpose in carrying out our improvements we make the rim of wrought
iron in two parts or halves, the boss being made of cast iron in two parts or
balves. The boss and the rim are connected together by wrought iron arms cast
into the boss and rivetted or bolted to the rim.
And one part of our improvements consists in forming the arms of pulleys or
drums (whether made in halves, or whole, or to spring open) of balf round iron
bent or twisted near the rim in such a form that the flat part of the iron comes
against the rim to which it is attached, and the edge or thin part of the arın or
spoke stands in the direction of the motion of the pulley, the two flat parts
coming together, and being rivetted or bolted to each other, so that two thicknesses
combined form the arm or spoke of the pulley or drum and run in thin oval shape
in the same direction as the pulley or drum when in motion, so as to offer as little
resistance to the air as possible in the revolution of the pulley.
The two parts of the rim and boss when placed on a shaft or axis are securely
bolted together.
The arms or spokes may be made of iron, steel, or other metal of any shape
beside that specified.
By this means we construct pulleys or drums of this character of comparative
lightness and great strength, so that when in motion the resistance caused by the
atmosphere is very slight

page_text: the arm in contact with the rim at D for the purposes of connecting the same
thereto, and so as to impart the greatest transverse support to the rim, substantially
in the manner and for the purposes herein before fully described and represented in
the Drawings hereto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas James, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty first day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
THO. JAMES. (L.B.) |
A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR PRESERVING STEAM BOILERS, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR PRESERVING OTHER METAL SURFACES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Morcombe Bromley Baker at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th October 1879.
JOHN MORECOMBE BROMLEY BAKER, of 5, Southampton Buildings, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer. "A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR PRESERVING
STEAM BOILERS, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR PRESERVING OTHER METAL SURFACES."
This Invention consists of a composition for preserving metal surfaces from
oxidation, and is particularly applicable for coating or covering the interior of
steam boilers as it not only prevents oxidation of the plates when the boiler is not
in use, but also prevents the said plates from becoming incrustated. The composition
may also be made a non conductor of heat so that the boiler may be coated there-
with where required, and thus dispense with the necessity of "lagging" the same.
According to this Invention the composition is composed of a mixture of asphalte,
varnish, and cement (by preference hydraulic cement), and when required to make
the composition a non conductor of heat I add granulated cork. I have found that
equal proportions of the above ingredients answer well, but I do not intend to
Jimit myself to these proportions as the same may be varied according to circum-
stances. In order that the coating may be smooth I add to the above mixture an
equal proportion of sand (by preference sea sand.
The above composition is spread over the surface to be covered in an even
coating, say, 1/8th of an inch in thickness; this may be done by means of wooden
floats, and where rivet heads or other inequalities occur it may be daubed on
thickly by means of a brush. The above composition will be found applicable for
coating a variety of surfaces besides boilers, such as tubular bridges, gas and water
mains, for example.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th February 1879.
A communication from the Firm of Schaefer and Hauschner, of Berlin,
Germany.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. v.
Nawrocki, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, Germany, Patent Agents. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LAMPS." (A communication from the Firm of Schaefer and Hauschner,
of Berlin, Germany.)
This Invention refers particularly to suspended lamps for oil, gas, tapers, petroleum,
or other lighting materials. Heretofore such suspended lamps have been made with
three arms or brackets screwed or rivetted on to the upper globe bearing ring, and
to the lower or saucer basin or body carrying ring or basket.
According to this Invention all the parts of the lamp are held together by means
of a screw which hitherto has been used for fixing the handle or knob at the bottom
of the lamp, and for holding the bottom saucer and ring or shell together, and this
without any other screws, or rivets, or wedge, or soldering, or bayonet joints, or
similar means of fastening.
The three arms or brackets are hung from the ring carrying the globe or shade,
and are formed so as to catch over the ring and with a small projection taking into
a notch or hole in the underside of the ring, thus preventing the bracket from
bending out.
The lower ring which carries the oil basin or body of the lamp is made with
three notches, and the arms or brackets with corresponding parts hooking over same.
The screw on the handle or knob at the bottom of the lamp passes through a hole
in the bottom saucer and in the shell, and is held by a nut from within, thus uniting
all parts. A pin may be put through end of screw for further security.
Or the brackets may be formed each with a peg or hook passing through a hole in
the shade carrying ring, and the lower ring carrying the body of lamp formed with
three holes in which notched pegs on the arms or brackets are passed which also
pass through the shell formed in three parts.
IM- PROVED MEANS FOR PREVENTING THE SLIDE VALVES OF STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES FROM BEING PRESSED TOO HEAVILY AGAINST THE VALVE FACES UPON WHICH THEY SLIDE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrianus Antony Wilton van Reede
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd September 1879.
ANDRIANUS ANTONY WILTON VAN REEDE, of Rotterdam, Holland, at present
residing at No. 79, Ashburnham Grove, Greenwich, in the County of Kent."
"IM-
PROVED MEANS FOR PREVENTING THE SLIDE VALVES OF STEAM AND OTHER
ENGINES FROM BEING PRESSED TOO HEAVILY AGAINST THE VALVE FACES UPON
WHICH THEY SLIDE."
This Invention has for its object to provide a convenient arrangement for
preventing the slide valves of steam and other engines from being pressed too
heavily against the valve faces upon which they slide.
For this purpose I connect the back of a slide valve by a link or links to the
end of a hollow piston or trunk, which can play to and fro in a cylinder or stuffing
box at right angles to the valve face; the links lie in the hollow of the piston or
trunk so that comparatively long links may be used without much space being
required. The cylinder or stuffing box can be carried by the cover of the valve
chest and project into the interior of the chest. The pressure of the steam or other
fluid in the valve chest acts against the inner end of the piston or trunk, whilst at
the back of the piston or trunk the cylinder is open to the air. The piston or
trunk may be made of equal area to the slide valve or approximately so, and the
slide valve be held at all times against the valve face by a spring or springs caused
to bear against the back of the piston or trunk, which arrangement allows of the
pressure put upon the slide valve being regulated as desired. Or the piston or
trunk may be of less area than the slide valve so as only partially to balance the
pressure of the steam or other fluid on the back of the valve. In this case provision
is made for allowing the pressure of steam to act against the back of the piston or
trunk, and hold the slide valve up to the valve face whenever steam is shut off
from the valve chest. In cases where two slide valves working against valve faces at
opposite sides of a valve chest are used for supplying steam to two cylinders from
the one valve chest the pistons or trunks to which the two valves are linked may
work in a cylinder mounted at the centre of the valve chest and open at both ends,
whilst the cylinder has a passage leading from it from between the pistons or trunks
to the open air.
The central portion of the end of one piston or trunk may project into a recess
at the centre of the end of the other piston or trunk. The one piston or trunk
may thus have a link jointed to it at the centre of its end, whilst the other piston
or trunk may have a pair of links jointed to it, one on either side of the annular
recess with which it is formed.
PATTENS OR ATTACHMENTS TO BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Salomon Sturm at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th May 1879.
SALOMON STURM, of Cologne, in the German Empire.
PATTENS OR ATTACHMENTS TO BOOTS AND SHOES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
According to the present Invention a thin rim of metal or other suitable material
standing on edge is shaped to the configuration of the foot or of the sole of a boot
or shoe, so that the foot or boot will just fit within its upper edge. The rim is made
of some depth and has within it cross bars or supports at such a height that the foot
or the sole of the boot in resting upon them will be maintained a sufficient height
from the ground to prevent its getting wet or dirty, or being injuriously affected by
the heat thereof. The rim may either be a permanent attachment to the boot or
shoe, secured thereon by screws or other fastenings, or it may form a patten, being
secured by suitable straps or catches either to the foot directly or to the boot, in a
similar manner to the fastenings of a skate.. It may be made of metal in which case
the lower edge should be serrated or roughened to prevent slipping, or it may be of
hard wood, vulcanite, celluloid, papier maché, or any other material sufficiently
strong to bear the weight of the wearer. To afford flexibility the rim may either have
hinge joints at the point where the foot requires to bend in walking, or it may be
of two separate parts, one merely surrounding the heel and the other passing round
the front of the foot to any desired distance. In this case a strip of steel or other
flexible material extends from the transverse support for the sole to that of the heel,
so as to connect the two separate parts of the patten, or the two transverse supports
may be formed in one piece with such flexible connection.
When such pattens are used the foot may, particularly in warm climates, be
merely provided with a light covering of textile or other fabric.