Improvements applicable to Furnaces, Fires, Stoves, and the like.
Year: 1895

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements applicable to Furnaces, Fires, Stoves, and the like.
1, FRANZ KLUGE, of 20, Marienstrasse, Barmen, in the German Empire,
Brazier, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements applicable to smelting furnaces, smiths'
fires, cooking ranges, stoves and the like, and has for object to improve the
efficiency of the same and to obtain higher temperatures and a perfect combustion
even with inferior fuel. My improvements consist essentially in forcing a stream
of air mixed with finely divided water into or through the fuel.
The mixture of finely divided water and air gives rise to a very high temperature
and enables the fuel to be very efficiently used up as the finely divided water by its
sudden conversion into steam breaks up the fuel into small pieces which are quickly
and perfectly consumed.
It is obvious my improvements can also be applied to the combustion of
gaseous fuel.
In the case of solid fuel the air and finely divided water are preferably conducted
to the same underneath the hearth or grate but the mixture can also be introduced
from above or laterally.
In the case of gaseous fuel the mixture of air and finely divided water is
preferably mixed with the fuel at the outlet of the latter from the burner.
The air can be compressed and the water finely divided or sprayed in various
ways and in many cases this can conveniently be effected by causing the compressed
air to produce the finely divided water or vice versa the water under pressure to
produce the stream of air.
Several arrangements are hereinafter described as examples to illustrate the
production of the stream of air and of the finely divided water, of the mixture of
the same and of their introduction into the fuel. For compressing the air a pump
may be used or the air may be compressed by the use of a jet apparatus.
The jet apparatus may be actuated in various ways for example by steam, gas or
water under pressure.
The air may sometimes be compressed by means of a ventilator or by bellows.
The finely divided water can also be prepared in various ways, for instance, it
may be produced by means of air or gas or by mechanical means, such as by a
nozzle or rose.
The above mentioned arrangements can be combined in different ways.
For instance the following method can be adopted, viz., the air can be compressed
by means of a pump, ventilator, bellows or the like and the water can be sprayed
or finely divided by means of the air.
In another combination the air is compressed by means of a jet apparatus
actuated by steam, water under pressure or gas or air and the water is sprayed or
pulverized by means of a suitable gas or vapour.
Further modifications are obtained by spraying or pulverizing the water by
mechanical means instead of by air, gas or steam.
By this means two further combinations are obtained, viz., in the first place the
air may be compressed by means of a pump, ventilator, bellows or the like and in
the second place by a jet apparatus actuated by steam, water under pressure, gas
or air and in both cases the water may be sprayed by mechanical means.

page_text: In carrying out the form of my invention in which the air is compressed by
means of a jet apparatus actuated by water under pressure and in which the water
is sprayed by mechanical means, such as by a nozzle or rose I conduct the air into
the furnace below or above the grate or into the fire through a tube which passes
through the bottom of the hearth or grate and encloses a second tube provided with
a nozzle or rose and in connection with a water supply or with a reservoir
containing water under pressure.
The flow of water through the nozzle creates a strong current of air which
becomes intimately mixed with the finely divided water and carries the latter with
it to the fuel.
The larger drops of water fall and are deposited on the interior of the inlet tube
from which they can be drawn off.
In order to regulate the blast, valves or cocks can be arranged at suitable places
on the air inlet and water inlet tubes. The wear of the grate is in the foregoing
arrangement very slight as it is continually cooled by the stream of water.
Ouly a small portion of the water sprayed into the fire is used, the greater part
of the same flowing back. In order to be able to again employ the unused water
I provide a third tube passing vertically downwards from the air inlet tube into a
vessel from which a fourth tube passes laterally and upwards, the said tube having
its outlet directly in front of and at right angles to the nozzle or rose of the water
inlet pipe. The water flowing back from the fire passes to the vessel and is sucked
up from the same by the stream of water which is projected across the outlet of
the fourth tube whereby it is pulverized and mixed with the stream flowing from
the water inlet tube and again passes to the fire. In the same manner the
unused water from any of the other modifications of my invention can be again
employed.
The mixture of air and finely divided water can be conducted to the fire laterally
or from above instead of through the bottom of the grate as above described.
When the water is sprayed by air, gas, or steam instead of by a nozzle or rose
a similar arrangement can be employed with the exception that gas, air or steam is
forced through the second tube instead of water under pressure.
It is obvious that other arrangements can be used for effecting the same object.
When gaseous fuel, for instance, coal gas is to be used I advantageously lead
the mixture of air and finely divided water through a tube into the burner, gas
inlet tube or combustion chamber. The current of air is obtained in this case also
by the passage of the water through a nozzle or rose. The superfluous water can
escape through a waste tube. The air could be compressed and the water sprayed
by any of the means above described.
Water alone, in the form of spray, can be forced into the mixture of gas and
air if the gaseous mixture contains a sufficient quantity of air.
Dated this 28th day of June 1895.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements applicable to Furnaces, Fires, Stoves, and the like.
I, FRANZ KLUGE, of 20, Marienstrasse, Barmen, in the German Empire,
Brazier, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements applicable to smelting furnaces, smiths'
fires, cooking ranges, stoves and the like, and has for object to improve the
efficiency of the same and to obtain higher temperatures and a perfect combustion

page_text: even with inferior fuel. My improvements consist essentially in forcing a stream
of air mixed with finely divided water into or through the fuel.
The mixture of finely divided water and air gives rise to a very high temperature
and enables the fuel to be very efficiently used up as the finely divided water by
its sudden conversion into steam breaks up the fuel into small pieces which are
quickly and perfectly consumed.
It is obvious that my improvements can also be applied to the combustion of
gaseous fuel.
In the case of solid fuel the air and finely divided water are preferably conducted
to the same underneath the hearth or grate but the mixture can also be introduced
from above or laterally.
In the case of gaseous fuel the mixture of air and finely divided water is
preferably mixed with the fuel at the outlet of the latter from the burner.
The air can be compressed and the water finely divided or sprayed in various
ways and in many cases this can conveniently be effected by causing the compressed
air to produce the finely divided water or vice versa the water under pressure to
produce the stream of air.
Several arrangements are hereinafter described as examples to illustrate the
production of the stream of air and of the finely divided water, of the mixture of
the same and of their introduction into the fuel. For compressing the air a
pump may be used or the air may be compressed by the use of a jet apparatus.
The jet apparatus may be actuated in various ways for example by steam, gas or
water under pressure.
The air may sometimes be compressed by means of a ventilator or by bellows.
The finely divided water can also be prepared in various ways, for instance, it
may be produced by means of air or gas or by mechanical means, such as by a
nozzle or rose.
The above mentioned arrangements can be combined in different ways.
For instance the following method can be adopted, viz., the air can be compressed
by means of a pump, bellows or the like and the water can be sprayed or finely
divided by means of the air.
In another combination the air is compressed by means of a jet apparatus actuated
by steam, water under pressure or gas or air and the water is sprayed or pulverized
by means of a suitable gas or vapour.
Further modifications are obtained by spraying or pulverizing the water by
mechanical means instead of by air, gas or steam.
By this means two further combinations are obtained, viz., in the first place the
air may be compressed by means of a pump, ventilator, bellows or the like and in
the second place by a jet apparatus actuated by steam, water under pressure, gas
or air and in both cases the water is sprayed mechanically.
To enable my invention to be fully understood I will describe it by reference to
the accompanying drawing, in which :-
Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 illustrate four examples of my invention.
In
The apparatus shewn in Figure 1 is the form of my invention in which the air
is compressed by means of a jet apparatus actuated by water under pressure and in
which the water is sprayed by mechanical means, such as by a nozzle or rose.
this case I conduct the air into the furnace below or above the grate b or into the
fire through a tube c which passes through the bottom of the hearth or grate b and
encloses a second tube d provided with a nozzle or rose h and in connection with a
water supply or with a reservoir containing water under pressure.
The flow of water (in the direction of the arrows in the figure) through the
nozzle creates a strong current of air which becomes intimately mixed with the
finely divided water and carries the latter with it to the furnace a.
The larger drops of water fall and are deposited on the interior of the inlet tube
from which they can be drawn off.
In order to regulate the blast, valves or cocks can be arranged at suitable places

page_text: on the air inlet and water inlet tubes. The wear of the grate is, in the foregoing
arrangement, very slight as it is continually cooled by the streain of water.
Only a small portion of the water sprayed into the fire is used, the greater part
of the same flowing back. In order to be able to again employ the unused water
I provide a third tube e passing vertically downwards from the air inlet tube c into
a vessel from which a fourth tube y passes laterally and upwards, the said tube
having its outlet directly in front of, and at right angles to, the nozzle or rose h of
the water inlet pipe. The water flowing back from the fire passes to the vessel f
and is sucked up from the same by the stream of water which is projected across
the outlet of the tube y whereby it is pulverized and mixed with the stream flowing
from the water inlet tube d and again passes to the fire. In the same manner the
unused water from any of the other modifications of my invention can be again
employed.
The mixture of air and finely divided water can be conducted to the fire laterally
or from above as shewn in the arrangement illustrated in Figure 3 instead of
through the bottom of the grate as above described.
When the water is sprayed by air, gas, or steam instead of by a nozzle or rose a
similar arrangement can be employed with the exception that gas, air or steam is
forced through the tube d instead of water under pressure.
It is obvious that other arrangements can be used for effecting the same
object.
When gaseous fuel, for instance, coal gas is to be used I employ the arrangement
shewn in Figure 2 in which the mixture of air and finely divided water is led
through a tube 13 into the burner, gas inlet tube or combustion chamber A. The
current of air is obtained in this case also, as in the arrangement illustrated in
Figure 1, by the passage of the water through a nozzle or rose h. The superfluous
water can escape through a waste tube e. The air could be compressed and the
water sprayed by any of the means above described.
Water alone, in the form of spray, can be forced into the mixture of gas and air
if the gaseous mixture contaius a sufficient quantity of air.
Such an arrangement is shewn in Figure 4 in which the tube serves to conduct
air from a pump or the like and the nozzle is in consequence dispensed with. In
front of the opening of the tube d' there is arranged at right angles to the same a
tube k, the mouth of which is directly in front of the opening . The tubek dips
in a vessel i filled with water.
The compressed air which flows from the tube d' sucks the water from the vessel i
up into the tube k and drives it as a finely divided jet in the direction of the
tube d' into the tube c which leads to the furnace. The tube is narrowed near
the opening of the tube d' and then is broadened again in the form of a funnel.
The stream of air and finely divided water which is forced through the narrowed
portion of the tube sucks in air, as shewn by the arrows.
In this arrangement
moreover the water which flows back from the fire can be again utilized by arranging
a tube e from the tube c into the vessel i as in Figure 1.
C
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A furnace in which a mixture of air and finely divided water is led into or
through the layer of fuel or through the liquid fuel, substantially as described.
2. A furnace of the kind described in Claim 1 in which an air inlet tube enters
the same underneath, at the side or on the top of the hearth, the said air inlet tube
having arranged within it a tube provided with a nozzle or rose so that a stream
of water flowing through the tube creates an air current which mixes with the
finely divided water and is conducted into the furnace, substantially as described.
3. Modifications of the apparatus described in Claim 2 in which the air is
compressed by means of a pump, bellows or the like or by means of a jet apparatus

page_text: with steam, compressed gas or air whilst the water is finely divided or scattered by
the air or by mechanical means, substantially as described.
4. In apparatus such as described in Claim 3 wherein water is sprayed by means
of air, providing the tube c through which the air mixed with finely divided water
is conveyed to the fuel or the fire, with a tube fed with compressed air, the
opening of which tube is in such a position with respect to the opening of a tube k
in connection with a vessel containing water or with a water supply, that the stream
of air coming from the compressed air tube d' sucks water up the tube k finely
divides or sprays it and drives it mixed with air through the tube c into the furnace,
substantially as described.
5. The arrangement by which the water which flows back from the furnace is
again introduced into the same after being sucked up by the compressed air or by
the water under pressure substantially as described.
6. A modification of the arrangement for carrying out the process described in
Claim 5 in which the water not used in the furnace flows into a vesself from which
it is sucked up, by the air or by the stream of water, through a tube the mouth of
which reaches to the nozzle or rose of the jet apparatus and is there again finely
divided or scattered and introduced into the furnace, substantially as set forth.
7. A gas furnace or burner provided with the arrangements described in
Claims 2 to 6 by means of which a stream of finely divided water and compressed
air is led into the gas or gaseous mixture, or a stream of finely divided water alone
when the gas already contains sufficient air.
Dated the 25th day of March 1896.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.