IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE FRAMES OF UMBRELLAS AND SUN- SHADES
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer and Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE FRAMES OF UMBRELLAS AND SUN-
SHADES." A communication from abroad by Jean Baptiste Dellestable,
Umbrella Manufacturer, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris.
Sealed the 31st January 1865, and dated the 7th September 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
September 1864.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE FRAMES OF UMBRELLAS AND
SUNSHADES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of different forms of ribs and
stretchers for umbrellas and sunshades which are represented in cross section
in the Drawing annexed.
The peculiar feature of these improvements consists in presenting an
extended surface on which the silk or other fabric may rest. The rib or
stretcher having a surface of greater breadth than depth, is not liable to twist,
while the ribs are prevented from locking one in the other."

page_text: Another feature consists in making these stretchers with one or more ribs
in order to strengthen them; thus, if the surface of resistance be supported by
one rib, the latter sustains the whole surface; while if two or more ribs be
applied, the resistanco presented by the two will be in a plano parallel to the
surface of resistance.
In Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, which are shown on an enlarged scale, it will be
seen that the surface of resistance a, b, is slightly curved, and the strengthening
ribs caro in a plane parallel to the surfaco of resistance.
In Fig. 6 the resisting surface a, b, is slightly curved, being strengthened
by means of two volute ribs in the same plane as the curve forming the surfaco
of resistance. A rib or stretcher thus formed contains three channels or tubes
1, 2, 3.
In Fig. 7 tho resisting surface is a plane a, b, having two voluto ribs, which
are soldered together at top, so as to form a rib or stretcher consisting of a
single tube.
In Fig. 8 the rib or stretcher is formed of two tubes made separately, and
afterwards connected together by means of slits made while passing them
through the drawplate; a rib or stretcher thus made resembles a double-barrelled
gun. The two tubes thus connected contain three channels 1, 2, 9. The
resisting surface a, b, or a', 6', is curved, and the ribs formed by the sides of
the tubes are in a plane parallel to the surface of resistance. The scam of tho
fabric can be readily received and concealed in the hollow d between the
tubes.
In Fig. 9 one of the resisting surfaces a, b, is flattened, but I prefer the
tubular forms represented at Figs. 6, 7, 8, and 9, and especially the form
shown at Fig. 7.
Fig. 10 represents a flat or triangular form of rib; a, b, is the flat surface of
resistance which the two other sides of the prism serve to strengthen in a
allel plane

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said William Clark, Her special licence that I, the said
William Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said William Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE FRAMES OF UMBRELLAS AND
SUNSHADES," a communication to me from abroad by Jean Baptiste Dellestable,
Umbrella Manufacturer, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Clark, my executors or ad-
ministrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Clark, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement, reference being bad to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
This Invention relates to improvements in the metal ribs and stretchers of
umbrellas and sunshades.
The peculiar feature of these improved ribs consists in their affording
sufficient surface on which the silk or other covering may rest, while at same.
time being of ribbed form in section they serve to directly strengthen the
surface of resistance of the rib, or in other words are in a plane parallel with.
the surface of resistance.
Another feature of this Invention consists in making the ribs with a broad
surface on which to rest the fabric while still retaining the usual thickness,
this arrangement permits of the ribs folding up close to the handle, and having
a broad flat surface, they are prevented from twisting or interlocking on the
umbrella being opened.
Fine L
A and 10 of the annound Deines show

page_text: scale some examples only of the manner of carrying the Invention into effect.
It will be seen that the surface of resistance a, b, is slightly curved, and tho
strengthening ribs c in a plano parallel to the surface of resistance or
rather the sum of the resistance of said ribs c is in a parallel plane with
surface a, b.
In Fig. 5 the resisting surfaco a, b, is slightly curved, being strengthened
by means of two volute ribs in the same plane as the curve forming the surface
of resistance, which ribs may be formed so as to touch the base if desired. A
rib or stretcher thus formed contains three channels or tubes d, e, f.
Fig. 6 shows a section of rib the resisting surface of which is in a plano a, b,
having two voluto ribs which are united together, as at Fig. 5, so as to form
a rib or stretcher consisting of a single tube, similar to a goose quill in section.
In Fig. 7 the rib or stretcher is formed of two tubes made separately, and
afterwards connected together by means of slits made while passing thom
through a drawplate, a rib or stretchor thus made resembles a double-
barrelled gun.
The two tubos thus connected together contain threo
channels d, e, f. The resisting surface a, b, or a', b', is curved, and the ribs
formed by the sides of the tubes aro in a plano parallel to the surface of resis-
tance. The seam of the fabric can be easily received and concealed in the
hollow or channel between the tubes.
Fig. 8 represents the same arrangement as Fig. 7, except that the resisting
surfaces a, b, aro flattened, that is to say, the rib or stretcher is formed of two
tubes of oval form united together by their major axes.
Fig. 9 represents a modification of Figs. 7 and 8, consisting of two tubes
flattened on one side and fitting one in the other.
Fig. 10 represents a flat or triangular form of rib; a, b, is the flat surface of
resistance, which the two other sides c of the prism sorve to strengthon in a
parallel plane, all of which forms may be employed for the manufacture of the
ribs and stretchers of umbrellas.
Lastly, Figs. 11 and 13 show solid or it may be hollow metal of rectan-
gular and oval forms suited to the manufacture of these improved ribs and
strotchers.
Having described the nature of this Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be protected by the
hercin-beforo in part recited Letters Patent is,-
The improvements in metal ribs and stretchers of umbrellas and sunshades
herein described, whereby to obtain a broad bearing surface for the silk or other
covering, and with a view to prevent the ribs from twisting or interlocking

page_text: with each other; and I also claim forming stretchers and ribs with one or more
webs or ribs of the various forms represented in the Drawings, more especially
those of a tubular or gutter form in cross section, all as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Clark, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
Witness
W. G. E. SWINNOCK,
53, Chancery Lane,
London.
W. CLARK. (L.B.)