IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING OIL FROM SEEDS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick John Cheesbrough, of 15, Water
Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE PROCESS
OF MANUFACTURING OIL FROM SEEDS."-A communication from abroad
by William Munroe Force and Agur Judson, both of Newark, New
Jersey, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick John Chees-
brough at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 27th May 1872.
I, FREDERICK JOHN CHEESBROUGH, of 15, Water Street, Liverpool,
, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS TO BE USED IN
THE PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING OIL FROM SEEDS," to be as follows:-
:-
The first part of these improvements in machinery and apparatus for
making oil from linseed and other seeds consists in constructing the

page_text: bed of a chasing mill so that the crushed seed can be heated and kept
hot by the application of steam under a gutter, which receives the
crushed seed from the mulling bed. This gutter is formed round and
outside the mulling bed. Attached to the edge runners of the mill is
a scraper which clears the crushed seed automatically from the gutter
as it is acted upon by the mill and delivers the crushed seed from the
gutter through a spout into moulds or dies which are set to receive it,
thereby making the mill self-discharging.
The second part of these improvements consists in pressing or packing
the pulp of crushed linseed or other seeds in a mould or die of such
shape and size that when pressed into cakes the cakes will be of suitable
size for the press which expresses the oil or other liquid from it, and the
cakes so prepared will occupy much less space in the press than by the
ordinary process.
The third part of these improvements relates to certain improvements
in the presses for expressing the oil or liquid from the prepared cakes
of linseed or other seeds, and consists of reducing the thickness of the
plates of an hydraulic oil press and suspending them by means of studs,
which studs fit on the steps of diagonal plate racks attached to the
columns on each side of the press. The studs are arranged on the plates
so that at each step of the plate rack the studs are further apart, thus
preventing the studs coming in contact with the wrong steps of the rack
as they descend. The plates are made self-supporting by means of their
studs resting on the steps of the racks. The plates are thus enabled
to be of thinner iron than is usually the case, thereby enabling a greater
quantity of seed to be crushed at once without additional labour. As
the hydraulic ram rises it clears each plate consecutively from its rest
on the steps of the plate racks and replaces them when the pressure is
withdrawn.
The fourth part of this Invention relates to further improvements in
the presses for expressing oil or liquid from the prepared cakes of linseed
or other seeds, and consists of fitting the press with thin plates which
rest on spring studs or rests, which are fixed in vertical guides attached
to each column of the press. These rests are worked or actuated by
four rods, extending down the guide plates on the columns and working

page_text: rod attached to the press. Attached to the cross head is a toothed rack,
and attached to the top of the press is a bracket which carries a lever
and double pawl arrangement, which lever and pawl arrangement is
worked by a rod and lever from the bottom of the press. The pawl
arrangement consists of two pawls, one of which may be supported from
the bracket and held by a spring against the rack to prevent the cross
head falling, and the other hangs from the end of the lever, and is used
to lift the rack step by step, and thus release the plates from the spring
rests one after another. The action being, the cake is inserted between
two plates, the cross head and rods are lifted one step of the rack by
means of the rod, lever, and pawl arrangement, and the upper plate is
allowed to fall on the cake being released from its spring rest, and
so on through each tier of the press. The chief advantage attendant
is that the space between each plate and the cake is economised by
allowing the upper plate of each tier to fall on the cake, thereby
enabling a greater quantity of seed to be pressed at once without
additional labour.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frederick John Cheesbrough in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 22nd November 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
JOHN CHEESBROUGH, of 15, Water Street, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Frederick John Cheesbrough, Her special
licence that I, the said Frederick John Cheesbrough, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Frederick John
Cheesbrough, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention

page_text: for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE PROCESS
OF MANUFACTURING OIL FROM SEEDS," a communication to me from abrod
by William Munroe Force and Agur Judson, both of Newark, New
Jersey, United States of America, upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Frederick John Cheesbrough, my executors or admin-
istrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick John Cheesbrough, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The first part of these improvements in machinery and apparatus for
making oil from linseed and other seeds consists in constructing the
bed of a chasing mill so that the crushed seed can be heated and kept
hot by the application of steam under a gutter, which receives the
crushed seed from the mulling bed. This gutter is formed round and
outside the mulling bed. Attached to the edge runners of the mill is
a scraper which clears the crushed seed automatically from the gutter
as it is acted upon by the mill, and delivers the crushed seed from the
gutter through a spout into moulds or dies which are set to receive it,
thereby making the mill self-discharging.
The second part of these improvements consists in pressing or packing
the pulp of crushed linseed or other seeds in a mould or die of such
shape and size that when pressed into cakes the cakes will be of suitable
size for the press which expresses the oil or other liquid from it, and the
cakes are so prepared will occupy much less space in the press than by
the ordinary process.
The third part of these improvements relates to certain improvements
in the process for expressing the oil or liquid from the prepared cakes
of linseed or other seeds, and consists of reducing the thickness of the
plates of an hydraulic oil press and suspending them by means of studs,
which studs fit on the steps of diagonal plate racks attached to the
columns on each side of the press. The studs are arranged on the plates

page_text: so that at each step of the plate rack the studs are further apart, thus
preventing the studs coming in contact with the wrong steps of the rack
as they descend. The plates are made self-supporting by means of their
studs resting on the steps of the racks. The plates are thus enabled
to be of thinner iron than is usually the case, thereby enabling a greater
quantity of seed to be crushed at once without additional labour. As
the hydraulic ram raises it clears each plate consecutively from its rest
on the steps of the plate racks and replaces them when the pressure is
withdrawn.
The fourth part of this Invention relates to further improvements in
the presses for expressing oil or liquid from the prepared cakes of linseed
or other seeds, and consists of fitting the press with thin plates which
rest on studs or rests which are fixed in vertical guides attached to each
column of the press. These rests are worked or actuated by four rods,
extending down the guide plates on the columns and working each rest
or stud individually. These four rods are connected by a cross head
above the press, which works on a guide rod attached to the press.
Attached to the cross head is a toothed rack, and attached to the top
of the press is a bracket which carries a lever and double pawl arrange-
ment, which lever and pawl arrangement is worked by a rod and lever
from the bottom of the press. The pawl arrangement consists of two
pawls, one of which may be supported from the bracket and held by
a spring against the rack to prevent the cross head falling, and the
other hangs from the end of the lever and is used to lift the rack step
by step, and thus release the plates from the rests one after another.
The action being, the cake is inserted between two plates, the cross head
and rods are lifted one step of the rack by means of the rod, lever, and
pawl arrangement, and the upper plate is allowed to fall on the cake
being released from its rest, and so on through each tier of the press.
The chief advantage attendant is that the space between each plate and
the cake is economised by allowing the upper plate of each tier to fall
on the cake, thereby enabling a greater quantity of seed to be pressed at
once, without additional labour.
The beforegoing being the nature and object of this Invention, I will
now proceed to describe more in detail how the same may be carried
out, and for that purpose I have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings
illustrative of this Invention, as will enable the same to be carried out
into practical effect. I have marked the Drawings with letters and

page_text: Figures of reference corresponding with those in the following expla-
nation. Like letters and figures in Figures 1 and 2 denote similar
parts. Like letters and figures in Figures 3, 4, and 5, denote similar
parts; and like letters and figures in Figures 7, 8, and 9, and 10, denote
similar parts.
Referring to the Drawings, Figure 1 represents a top view or plan.
of the bed of a chasing mill, exhibiting corrugated metallic plates in
sections, also the heating space or gutter between the bed and the curb
or rim. Figure 2 represents a sectional elevation of same (Figure 1),
showing the passages or channels where steam is admitted to heat the
gutter, also the frame which composes the foundation for the corrugated
plates, being the mulling bed, as well as the curb or outside rim.
Figure 3 represents an end elevation of an improved machine for
pressing or packing the pulp of crushed linseed or other seeds; Figure 4,
is a front elevation of Figure 3; Figure 5, a section through Figure 4
at a, b.
Figure 6 represents a side elevation of a press showing the racks and
studs for suspending the plates.
Figure 7 is a side elevation showing the further improvements in
presses to which the fourth part of this Invention relates; Figure 8
is a similar view of opposite side of Figure 7.
Figure 9 is a detached sectional view of part of this Invention,
showing section of studs or rests.
Figure 10 is a perspective view of press.
In Figures 1 and 2 A is the opening for the upright shaft which
carries the mulling stones; B, sectional corrugated metallic plates;
C, gutter or space to hold the seed or meal while being heated; D,
a cap to cover the passage way where the sectional corrugated plates
are entered to be placed or arranged in their respective positions; E, E,
an elevated part of the bed, dovetailed for the purpose of securing the
corrugated plates (more clearly seen in Figure 2); H, H, steam chamber;
K, K, bed or base of cast iron; M, M, rib or curb of sheet iron;
N, cover which partially closes over the top of the heated bed. To
describe more clearly, a metallic bed or base is formed of suitable
diameter, similar to what is exhibited in the Drawings, which should
be about six feet more or less, with a mulling bed arranged near the

page_text: centre, elevated at a sufficient height to form a receptacle or gutter
(see C) when surrounded by a rim or curb M, suitable sections of
metallic plates (see B, B, B, B), corrugated somewhat in form of a burr
stone of a grinding mill, which are bevelled on their edges to fit into
corresponding spaces prepared for them in the base E, and are placed
into position by passing them singly through an opening provided for
that purpose (indicated at the cap D which closes the opening and
secures the plates rigidly); one inch more or less will suffice for their
thickness, and may be made very conveniently of chilled iron. The base
as represented in Figure 2 (E, E, and K, K,) may be made of cast iron,
the whole resting upon a suitable foundation of masonry, elevating the
same about three feet. The chambers or passages for steam are covered
with suitable sheet metal which forms the top of the heater, and the
whole is surrounded by a rim or curb M of sheet iron, with a suitablo
opening in the side to allow the escape of the meal or seed after being
sufficiently heated and mixed, the latter operation being performed by
mixers attached to the perpendicular shaft of the chasing wheels, both
of which are too well known to need recital. Steam is applied to the
chamber through pipes or other means. The oily seed is fed on tho
mulling bed near its centre, and is removed by scrapers after the process
of grinding and mulling into the gutter C, and from thence through
the discharge orifice in the side or curb M. The cover N is made
of sheet iron, extending from the edge of the curb which it covers to
near the mulling bed, as shown, to assist in retaining the heat.
In Figures 3, 4, and 5, D is the case or mould; E, cover; F, arms
for supporting and operating cover E; H, moveable frame supporting
case D; I, crank; J, shaft; K, gear; L, pinion; M, pulley; N, shaft;
O, crank; W, small friction wheels; X, slotted cam to receive crank
pin and wheel W; R, joints upon which the arm F vibrates. Most
of the above named parts are made of cast iron, although the case or
mould may be made of wood.
To describe in detail I will refer to the Drawings which exhibit a
convenient form for the construction of the compress. The case or
mould is formed in the usual shape, familiar to all engaged in the
business, and is secured to the top of the frame H, H. Within said
case is laid an open wrapper of cotton or other fabric, the pulp being
distributed evenly upon the same by any convenient means (although
the sliding hopper is adapted in preference), the ends of the wrapper

page_text: closed over its contents. By a revolution of the shafts the cams or
cranks O, O, operate the arms F, F, bringing the cover E into position
above the case, when the cams or cranks I, I, raise the frame H, H,
and the case D against the cover E, compressing the pulp into the
desired thickness and form. Then the cover and case recede into their
former position, being operated by the same means which performed
the previous action. The compressed pulp may be now removed and
ready for the final operation. Power is transmitted to the pulley M
through the medium of belts in the usual way.
In Figure 6, A, bed or base of press; B, uprights; C, supports or
racks; D, studs or other suitable projections; E, E, plates or platforms;
H, cap forming a part of the frame of press; K, ram or plunger operated
in the usual manner. The rack C or other supports upon which the
plates E are held in position by their projections D are made of iron
or other suitable material. Said supports may be secured by bolts or
screws to the standards B. The plates are similar to those in general
use with the exception of the studs or projections D, which are made
to rest in the positions prepared for that purpose on the rack or upright.
The usual mats containing the meal, seed, grain, or nuts are placed
between the plates for the purpose of expressing the oils, which is
performed by moving or raising the ram, by which means the plates
are forced nearer together, compressing the cake sufficiently to remove
the oil, which escapes at the outer edges and from thence conducted to
a proper receptacle prepared for the same. On referring to the Drawing
it will be seen that the arrangement of the rack is such as to enable
the plates to raise up perpendicularly with the action of the ram, and
to recede back again when the power is withdrawn. Important is the
ease by which the plates may be removed independent of each other by
slightly raising one side of the plate diagonally sufficiently for the studs
to clear the uprights, when the same is readily withdrawn for repairs
and cleaning.
In Figures 7, 8, 9, and 10, A, represents the top; A', the base, A", the
corner posts of an upright rectangular press frame of sufficient capacity
to hold a number of horizontally arranged plates B, between which
are placed the cakes, as indicated in the Drawing by b. C designates
a vertically working follower, through the medium of which the oil
cakes are elevated to their proper position and pressed between the
head C¹ of the follower and the top of the press frame. A slight notch is

page_text: cut at each corner of the pans and follower head fitting them to the
square corner posts A", as shown clearly in Figure 10. D indicates four
vertical bars arranged at the four corner posts of the press frame and
designed to slide up and down within guide cleats d. The upper ends
of these bars are secured to radial arms d, the inner ends of which are
attached to a collar E which slides vertically on the post F rising from
the top of the press frame. G represents boxes secured to the inner
sides of the posts A" and provided each with a number of horizontally
sliding bolts g formed with flaring or double bevilled slots or recesses g¹,
through which runs the bent flange H projecting from the sides of the
bars D; each bolt is thrown forward or withdrawn by the bent part of
said flange passing through the slot according as the bar D is raised or
lowered. Figure 9 clearly illustrates their mode of operation. The object
of these bolts is to hold up the plates after the follower has been lowered,
and to allow each plate and cake to be separately dropped from its
position, the lowest plate first, then the next, and so on. The ends of
the bolts project under and support the four corners of each pan, and by
simultaneously pressing the four connected bars D down, each set of
bolts is in order drawn back and the plates released. I designates a
bevelled toothed rack secured to the sliding collar E and operated upon by
the pawl I¹ hinged or pivoted to the end of a lever I" which is fulcrumed
to the upper end of a standard J, bolted to the top of the press frame.
This lever is operated by a vertical rod J', which runs through an eye J"
attached to any of the posts A", and has its lever end bent horizontally
to form a hand piece and also a purchase for the pivoted catch K.
K¹ denotes a spring which tends to keep the outer end of the lever I"
elevated, and consequently the pawl I' out of contact with the rack I,
it being thereby lowered. The end of the pawl is brought under each
successive tooth of the rack by the alternate elevation and depression
of the pawl I¹ operated through the medium of the rod J¹ and spring K¹.
L designates a bracket projecting from the standard J toward the rack I,
and holding a pivoted upright pawl or dog L' having a double end, the
formation of which makes an angular recess into which the end of the
pawl I falls whenever the same is released. A spring M tends to press
the dog L' into contact with the rack, so that it may support the same
while the pawl I' is being lowered one tooth to another. The force
of the spring K₁ is sufficient to overcome that of the spring M, and
consequently the pawl I¹ when it falls on the pawl L' throws the latter
away from the rack allowing it and the rods D to fall, supposing them

page_text: to have been previously raised. The lower halves of the flanges H are
of such a nature as to keep the bolts withdrawn, and when the bars are
elevated to their full extent all the bolts are out and the plates may be
raised to their proper positions. The bars D may be lowered when the
cakes are pressed and the bolts thrown under the corners of the plates
for the purpose of supporting them when the follower is withdrawn.
From this position each plate with its cake is dropped in order by raising
the rack I in the manner already described. The catch K, before referred
to, is designed for the purpose of keeping the pawl I' in gear with the
rack I so as to retain said rack in an elevated position when desired.
It will be observed that the pawl I' is of an elbow form, the rear arm
acting as a weight to throw the bevelled or hook end towards the rack.
The object of the pressure exerted by the follower is to press the oil from
the cake and give it a proper form.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature, object, and
purposes of this Invention and how the same may be carried out, I
would have it clearly understood that I do not limit myself to the precise
details and dimensions of the various parts of this Invention, as shown
in the Drawings, as the same may be considerably varied without
departing from the Invention, but what I claim as new and the Invention
secured by Letters Patent as aforesaid is,-
In Figures 1 and 2. Firstly, arranging a heater bed outside of and
around the grinding bed of a chasing mill to receive and heat the
materials ground, and prepare them for pressing or the next operation,
substantially as herein set forth.
Secondly. The mulling bed E with corrugated plate or plates, sectional
or otherwise, secured in position by dovetailed grooves, as and for the
purposes substantially as herein set forth.
Thirdly. The combination of the bed E arranged with dovetailed
grooves to secure the plates B, B, without other means, the chamber or
chambers H, H, heated by steam, as and for the purpose set forth.
Fourthly. The cover N in combination with a heating bed arranged
around the grinding or mulling bed of a chasing mill, substantially as
and for the purpose set forth.
In Figures 3, 4, and 5, I claim the combination of the case D, cover E,
attached to the swinging arms F, F, said arms being actuated by the

page_text: crank O, O, attached to the shaft N. The sliding frame H, H, (upon
which the case is secured) raised by means of the cranks or excentrics I, I,
constituting an improved apparatus for compressing oleaginous seed or
pulp, substantially as herein set forth.
In Figure 6, I claim an apparatus consisting of rack C or its described
equivalent plates E, provided with studs or projections D constructed in
the manner and in combination with an hydraulic or other press, as and
for the purpose substantially as described.
In Figures 7, 8, 9, and 10, I claim, Firstly, the arrangement of the
bolts g, bent flanges H, arms d³, collar E, and rod F, applied to an oil
press and constructed substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Secondly. The arrangement of the rack I, weighted pawl I', lever I",
spring K', and rod J', with the bolts g and plates B when constructed
substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Thirdly. The notched or double ended dog L' and spring M. arranged
as specified in combination with the rack I and pawl I', as and for the
purpose described.
Fourthly. The arrangement and application of the latch K in com-
bination with the rod J', pawl I', rake I, bolts 9, and plates B, sub-
stantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick John Cheesbrough, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of November,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
two.
25
Witness,
FREDERICK JOHN (L.s.) CHEESBROUGH.
JOHN H. REDMOND,
of 15, Water Street,
Liverpool.