IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DRAIN PIPES AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES PROM PLASTIC MAMEDIATG
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Adolphe Ambroise Salomon-Cohen, of Paris, in the
Empire of France, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
DRAIN PIPES AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES PROM PLASTIC MAMEDIATG"
Sealed the 9th February 1858, and dated the 18th November 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Adolphe Ambroise Salomon-
Cohen at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 18th November 1857.
I, ADOLPHE AMBROISE SALOMON-COHEN, of Paris, in the Empire of France,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF DRAIN PIPES AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES FROM PLASTIC MATERIALS," to
be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in machines for forming and mould-
ing, by expressing or forcing through a mould plate, clay and other material
in a plastic state in the manufacture of drain and other pipes or articles.
The first part of the Invention relates to the moulding plates or holes through
which the articles are expressed and moulded; it consists in the application of
a double plate. For this purpose the outer plate forms the hole or passage
through which the smaller part of the pipe or other article is expressed and
formed; it is formed in two parts which separate and thus enlarge the passage
for the plastic material, which is then moulded or formed by the inner plate;

page_text: thus, if for the purpose of forming socket pipes, the sinall part of the pipe is
first produced, and subsequently the socket by the receding of the parts of the
outer plate. When suflicient length of socket has been formed they are cut
off in the ordinary manner and removed; each of the moulding plates aro
furnished with a suitable core to form the inner diameters of the pipe and
socket. The parts of the outer and moveable moulding plate are fitted in slides,
and connected by rods to levers on a rocking shaft, by which the motion of
separation and approach is equal and simultaneous.
The second part of the Invention relates to the aprons or surfaces for
receiving articles moulded or formed by expressing or forcing plastic material
through mould holes or apertures. It consists of two endless webs, the one
being in netion and the other out, so that the moulding may proceed con-
tinuously. For this purpose the endless webs are mounted each on a suitable
set of supporting rollers side by side in a frame which is traversed across the
face of the machine. This frame is in two parts, jointed together, so that it
may be folded. The one apron is presented to receive the moulded articles
while the articles moulded previously are being removed from the other apron.
For this purpose, when one apron is charged with moulded articles, the frame
is traversed sideways to bring the empty apron in front of the machine, and
the charged one to a position where the moulded articles may be removed from
it without in any way interrupting the action of the moulding machine.
The cutting frame is arranged somewhat in the ordinary manner, and the
whole apparatus may produce several similar articles simultaneously.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Adolphe Ambroise Salomon-Cohen in the Great Seal Patent 2
Office on the 13th May 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1, ADOLPHE
AMBROISE SALOMON-COBEN, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Civil Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters 3
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Adolphe Ambroise Salomon-Cohen, Her special licence, that I, tho said
Adolphe Ambroise Salomon-Cohen, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
9

page_text: such others as I, the said Adolphe Ambroise Salomon-Cohen, my executors
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DRAIN PIPES AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES FROM PLASTIC
MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Adolphe
Ambroise Salomon-Cohen, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that the said Adolphe Ambroise Salomon-Cohen, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings
hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to
say)-
My Invention relates to improvements in machines for forming and mould-
ing, by expressing or forcing through a mould plate or plates, clay and other
material in a plastic state in the manufacture of drain and other pipes or
articles.
The first part of the Invention relates to the moulding plates or holes
through which the articles are expressed and moulded or formed. It consists
in the application of a double or counterplate for this purpose, the one plate
forms the hole or passage through which the smaller part of the pipe or other
article is expressed and formed; it is formed in two parts which separate and
thus enlarge the passage for the plastic material, which is then moulded and
formed by the other and fixed plate; thus, if for the purpose of forming socket
pipes, the small part of the pipe is first produced, and subsequently the
socket by the receding of the parts of the outer plate.
This mechanism allows of the varying at will of the size and form of the
objects expressed through the moulding or dod plate of the machines without
interrupting the moulding of the said objects, so as to obtain ceramic or plastic
products of variable section at different parts of their length by one action and
one moulding, consequently this mechanism is especially applicable to mould-
ing drain and other pipes termed "socket pipes," that is to say, it allows of
the making by one action and by the same moulding the body of the pipe and

page_text: its enlarged extremity, this latter forming the junction which serves to unite
such pipes end to end.
This mechanism consists of two moveable jaws or counter-moulding plates,
attached either to the interior or exterior of the fixed moulding or dod plates
of moulding machines. These jaws or counter-moulding plates can separato
from or approach each other by means of a combination of levers moved by
band or by mechanical means, by which during the action of the machine they
increase or diminish the size of the outlet openings, and consequently increase
and diminish the form and size of the object expressed by the machine. Thus,
for fixed socket pipes, these moveable jaws form the sockets which connect
the pipes end to end; the interior diameter of these sockets is greater than tho
exterior diameter of the bodies of the pipes.
The second part of the Invention, which relates to the apron or surface for
receiving articles moulded or formed by expressing or forcing plastic material
through mould holes or apertures, facilitates the continuous action of machines
furnished with the mechanism of the double moulding plates before mentioned;
this receiving apron is divided into two hinged tables or parts, so that by
making these tables roll or slide transversely, so as to be presented alternately
to the moulding plates, a series of products in course of manufacture is
deposited alternately on one table and on the other, while the first table is
receiving the products, the second is being unloaded.
This apron serves
principally for the manufacture of a series of socket pipes in which only one-
length is made at a time, that is to say, in which a body and its socket is
moulded at one action; but if the machine is employed for manufacturing
other products the ordinary apron may be used, and this new hinged apron
removed and folded up in order to occupy less space. The knife or wire for
cutting the plastic material is somewhat like that of ordinary machines. I
have represented a machine constructed according to my Invention in the
annexed Drawings.
Fig. 1, detached view of an ordinary moulding plate for forming the body
of the pipe; Fig. 2, detached view of a moulding plate furnished with moveable
jaws or counter-moulding plates when they are shut, as for forming or moulding
the body of the pipe; Fig. 3, detached view of a moulding plato furnished
with moveable jaws or counter-moulding plates when they are open, for
forming the socket of the pipe; Fig. 4, receiving apron closed, the two tables
folded on each other; Fig. 5, perspective view of the mechanism of a moulding
plate furnished with its moveable jaws or counter-moulding plates, the
mechanism which moves them and the apron sliding transversely thereto;
Fig. 6, side view of the same.

page_text: Fig. 1a, expressing chamber of the machine; I have represented the
chamber of the machine as having a horizontal piston, but it may be any
other arrangement provided there be a moulding or expressing plate; b,
ordinary fixed moulding or dod plate, furnished with outlet openings for
forming the pipe, the diameter of these openings is equal to that of the
exterior of the pipe; c, core placed at the centre of each opening, the diameter
of these cores is equal to that of the interior of the pipe; d, pipe being drawn;
e, clay being advanced.
Figs. 2 and 3: a, chamber of the machine; b, ordinary fixed moulding
plate, furnished with openings for forming the pipe; the diameter of these
openings is equal to that of the exterior of the socket of the pipe; c, core
placed at the centre of each opening; the diameter of core c is equal to that
of the interior of the socket of the pipe; d, body of the pipe being drawn; e,
clay being advanced; f, f, moveable jaws or counter-moulding plates (one
upper and one lower), furnished with openings, and placed against and outside
the fixed moulding plate; when brought close to each other they form
openings, the diameter of which equals that of the exterior of the body of tho
pipe, & consequently they reduce the clay which is being expressed continuously
from the fixed moulding plate, which is of the size of the socket of the pipe
to the size of the body of the pipe; g, fixed core of the moveable jaws or
counter-moulding plates; its diameter equals that of the interior of the body
of the pipe.
Figs. 5 and 6: h, h, arms jointed to the upper moveable moulding plate;
i, i, arms jointed to the lower moveable moulding plate; j,j, upper transverse
bar attached to the fixed moulding plate, and capable of revolving, being fitted
in bearings; k, k, levers fixed on j, j, and jointed at the one end to the rods i, i,
and at the other end to rods h, h; l, counter weight actuated by hand, which
moves bar and levers k, which by means of rods h and i move simultaneously
the parts of the moveable moulding plate, and thereby lessen or increase the
space between them, so as to produce at will either the body or socket of a
pipe; m, first table of the moveable sliding apron, it is formed of a frame in
which rollers turn, these rollers are covered by a cloth; this first table is being
loaded; n, second table of the same apron, formed like the first; this second
table has just been unloaded, and by a sliding motion of the apron it is about
to be conducted before the moulding plate, so as to allow the uninterrupted
action of the moulding. Figs. 5 and 6: o, knife of the machine; p, frame of
the machine.
It will be understood that in this apparatus the bodies of the pipes are first
expressed from the machine, being moulded between the moveable counter-

page_text: moulding plates and their cores, while the bosses or sockets, which are after-
wards expressed, are moulded by the opening in the fixed moulding plate and
its cores.
I
By means of moveable counter-moulding plates or jaws and an external
core, which can be moved by hand, pipes with fixed sockets can also be
formed at one action. For this purpose the diameter of the opening of the
fixed moulding plate is equal to that of the exterior of the socket of the pipe,
and the diameter of the fixed core is equal to that of the interior of the body
of the same pipe; in front are placed the two moveable jaws or counter-
moulding plates, which when brought towards each other form an opening,
the diameter of which is equal to that of the exterior of the pipe. In order to
work with this machine tho moveable plates are opened, and a moveable coro
is placed by hand in the centre of the openings; the diameter of this core is
equal to that of the interior of the socket of the pipe; as soon as the length
of the socket is completed the moveable core is withdrawn, the moveable
counter-moulding plates are then gradually approached to each other, and the
body of the pipo is then formed of any length desired. The gradual approach
of the moveable counter-moulding plates is for the purpose of obtaining a
conical junction, which is indispensable for attaching the boss or socket firmly
to the pipe.
It will be understood that in this second apparatus the socket of the pipe is
first expressed by the apparatus, being formed by the moveable core and tho
fixed plate, and that the body of the pipe, which is afterwards expressed, is
formed by the fixed core and the moveable plate. This being perfectly
intelligible, it is almost unnecessary to say that on the same principle moveable
counter-moulding plates with fixed cores, or moveable counter-moulding plates
with moveable cores, can be used to produce socket pipes of variable size,
which will be produced in series (the number of which will bo dependent on
the machine), and may be oval, square, or in any other shape required.
By extending the application of my Invention to other objects besides drain
pipes, I can produce objects varying suddenly, conically, or pyramidically in
section (this latter by the gradual separation of the two counter-moulding
plates regulated mechanically), for example, for the manufacture of cylindrical
beer bottles, the form being derived from that of drain pipes, it is only
necessary suitably to proportion the relative sizes of the cores and openings of
the fixed moulding plate and moveable counter-moulding plates, so as to give
the body of the pipe the rudimental length of the neck and the fixed socket
the length of the bottle.
The Invention of the apparatus with self-moving plates, based on the

page_text: discovery of the counter-moulding plate, forms a system which possesses the
character of being generally applicable. The idea which I have realised is
the manufacture at one action of products of variable section, at the samo
time suppressing all supplementary hand labour. The apparatus can be
arranged in as many ways as may be necessitated by the modifications of form
presented the object to be produced. The system of counter-moulding
plates may be adapted with facility to all these combinations. The apparatus
is provided with a core or not, according as the object to be produced is to be
hollow or solid. The number, form, and arrangement of the plates depend
on the service they have to perform and the shape they have to impart to the
product. Their simultaneous and contrary movement alternately separates or
causes them to approach each other by making them traverse equal distances.
The manufacture of fixed socket pipes belongs to this case, as also the manu-
facture of all products in which the form is varied regularly and by embracing
the object on all sides. If it be desired to form pipes with joint covers,
for example, the action of the plates need not be changed. For this
purpose one of the plates carries with it in its movement a simple iron wire,
which resting at first below the outlet opening is so placed as not to act, and
leaves intact the body of the pipe, then, when this latter is of its proper leng',
the wire following the motion of the plate, passes before the core and cuts Lué
clay. It is placed with regard to the cores in the position of a diameter or
chord, that is to say, it subtends a whole semicircumference or an arc of these
cores, according as it is desired to form larger or smaller joint covers; it
detaches the useless clay and leaves the joint cover perfectly completed; the
same result can be obtained if one of the plates remained immoveable and
the other only retained its motion, as also the iron wire serving to detach the
surplus clay. In certain cases a single plate is sufficient, that is, when the
variations in the form of the object are all on one side. I have just described
a plate carrying with it in its movement a wire, which follows it in its course.
In certain cases the plates are thus provided with a simultaneous and directly
consecutive movement, which will maintain them constantly in their relative
positions. If the object to be produced is to present in its variations of form
a regular alternation on one side or the other, or if it is to be perfectly
irregular, the movement of the plates is no longer simultaneous, an alternate
motion or a distinct isolated motion is imparted to them, according to the
requirements of the manufacture. It will also be understood that in other
cases the form of the plates may differ.
The system of counter-mould or dod plates can be easily applied to mould
various forms of graduated sizes; the reason that I have described it, chiefly

page_text: with reference to pipes with fixed sockets is, that it is a case in which the
apparatus with self-acting mould plates produces in its different modifications
tho most complicated forms.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be secured under-
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First, the application of moveable counter-moulding or dod plates placed
against fixed moulding plates in combination with fixed or moveable cores, so
as to mould at one action and in a continuous manner objects of varied shape
and size, such as drain, water, and gas pipes, beer bottles, and other articles.
Secondly, the apron composed of two tables or surfaces, which move
alternately one after the other before the moulding or dod plates of the
machine, so that one table is loaded while the other is unloaded, and so that
in this way the apron serves for the continuous manufacture.
In witness whereof, I, the said Adolphe Ambroise Salomon-Cohen, have 1
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
1
A. A. SALOMON-COHEN. (L.8.)