IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- *FACTURE OR PRODUCTION AND CASTING OF STEEL, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1858

page_text: OF ALTERATION.-(JOHNSON'S PATENT.)
[The Words printed in Italics are written in Red Ink in Original.]
Filed 20th July 1865.
In the Matter of Letters Patent granted to JOHN HENRY JOHNSON,
of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex, and of
166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North Britain,
Gentleman, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
*FACTURE OR PRODUCTION AND CASTING OF STEEL, AND IN THE APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN," bearing date the 31st day of December 1858.
(No. 3007).
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to be
entered by Arthur Perry Bower, of 46, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman (as Assignee of the said Letters Patent), to the.
Title and Specification of the said Letters Patent, pursuant to an Act
passed in the 5th and 6th years of His late Majesty's reign, intituled,
"An Act to amend the Law touching Letters Patent for Inventions.".
WHEREAS since the filing of the said Specification of the said Letters
Patent and the assignment of the said Letters Patent to me, I have been
advised that some of the improvements described and claimed in the Specifi-

page_text: cation of the said Letters Patent are not so useful as to make it desirable to
retain the same,
I am desirous of amending the title and Specification of the
said Letters Patent by disclaiming and I do hereby disclaim such useless parts.
more particularly those parts which relate to the manufacture or production
of steel and the apparatus employed therein, and to confine the said Invention
to the improvements in casting steel; I therefore wish to amend the title of
the Patent by striking out all such parts as relate to the manufacture or
production of steel and the apparatus employed therein, and I do hereby amend
the title so that the title of the said Patent when so amended shall read as
follows: "Improvements in Casting Steel;" and I am further desirous of
amending the 'Specification of the said Patent by striking out the following
parts, which I hereby disclaim, that is to say,) from and including the words
"certain novel and improved processes" in line 28, page 3, of the printed
copy of the Specification of the said Patent printed and sold by the Commis-
sioners of Patents, down to and including line 18, page 4; also the word
"Sixth" in line 19, page 4. -Also-from-and-including the words "-or-of-a-large
receptaele-"-in-line 20 to and including-the-words-"-high temperature-"-in-line 29
of the same page. Also from and including the word "Seventh, line 24,
page 4, to and including the words Also from-and-including the word "-Seventh,"
line-24-page-45-to-and-ineluding the words." required proportions," in line 30 of
the same page. Also the words "the cast iron and steel and
and slags to c
and also
for heating," in page 5, line 16. Also from and including the words "to cause
the fusion" in line 24, page 5, to and including the words "the sides of the
furnace," in line 28 of the same page. Also from and including the words
By using the hot blast," in line 38, page 5, to the words "ordinary system, but,"
in line 3, page 6; also the words "portion of the "in line 11, page 6. Also
from and including the word "especially," line 25, page 6, to and including
the words "Bessemer process," in line 2, page 7; I also desire to correct the
clerical error, line 12, page 5, by altering the reference to the fire-bridge
from c to e, to make the letter-press correspond with the Drawing; I also
desire to restrict the claims in the said Specification, and I do restrict the
same, by striking out the word "that," in line 5, page 7, and adding in place
thereof the words "I do not claim the peculiar construction of furnace herein-
before described, and shewn in the Drawing, but," and I further desire to strike
out from and including the word "First" in line 8, page 7, to and including the
words "as herein-before described," in line 20 of the same page; also the
word "Fifth" in line 21, page 7; and-the-words-"-or of a separate-vessel or
receiver-of any kind heated to a high degree of temperature"-in lines 22 and 23,
page-7; and, lastly, from and including the word "Sixth," line 25, page 7,. to
"

page_text: the words as herein-before described, in line 20; a
when so amended will read as follows (that is to say) :-
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North Britain,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date. the Thirty-first day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Henry Johnson, Her special license that I, the said John
Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING STEEL," a communication from Monsieur
Sudre, a foreigner residing abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said John Henry Johnson, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and.
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be.
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):
The said Invention relates to the application and use in the casting of large
articles of a reverberatory furnace with a protective layer of scoria or slag, or of
a large receptacle provided or not with a discharge aperture, and in general any
large receiver heated to a high temperature for receiving and collecting the steel
from the ordinary crucibles when employed before running it into the moulds.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall
refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings bereunto aunexed, the
same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout all the
Ticuros

page_text: Fig. 1 on the annexed Sheet of Drawings represents a front elevation of
an arrangement of furnaces which may be used in carrying out this Inven
tion; Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section of the same, taken along the
line C, D, in Fig. 3; Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of the furnace taken along
the line A, B, in Fig. 2; and Fig. 4 is a transverse vertical section taken
along the line E, F, in Fig. 3.
The return of the flame intended for heating the under surface of the sole
or bearth is effected by a large flue a, which joins the passage c, placed at the
end of the hearth opposite to the furnace bars b; this flue c descends vertically
behind the small bridge d, which terminates the hearth at this point. The
large flue a is nearly horizontal, and is so arranged as to heat the lowest
portion of the hearth f; which is the most liable to be cooled; this flue is
composed at its upper part of an arch constructed of sandstone, grit, or of fire-
clay bricks of the best quality. It is upon the extrados or upper surface of
this arch that the hearth or sole f is supported. The flue a extends up to the
wall of the main fire-bridge e, at which point it joins at right angles the hori-
zontal flue or passage g, through which the flame escapes; this passage g
conducts the flame directly to the supplemental furnace Y built at right angles
to the main reverberatory furnace X, and enclosing the muffle Z, intended for
beating the air to support and facilitate the combustion in the main furnace.
This hot air is introduced to the body of the furnace either by means of a
number of tuyeres in the bridge, or by a passage n opeuing into the ash-pit p,
which is closed by a door q. When tuyeres are used, the bed of the furnace
is made solid and composed of fire-clay, having a slight inclination from the
fire-door downwards. A suitable aperture is made in the wall of the furnace
in front of the fire-door at the level of the furnace bed for the efflux of the
slag arising from the fuel. It is advisable to construct the hearth of blocks
of refractory grit carefully shaped, and having the joints pointed or filled in
with fire-clay or fine sand, or large fire-clay lumps of the best quality and
baked at the highest temperature may be employed. When a return flue is
used, as shewn, it is necessary to make a draught hole and a discharge
aperture for the collection of the steel, which might escape should the hearth
get damaged. These furnaces may be supplied by the carbonic oxide gas
arising either from blast furnaces or from special generators where low priced
fuel is burnt. The arrangements requisite for burning this gas are well
known, and need not therefore be described here. When large steel castings
are to be run and melted serious difficulties arise, for the contents of each
crucible successively falling into the mould cause the entrance therein of slag
or dross, which remains agglomerated in one mass. This running or pouring

page_text: in of small quantities of metal at a time further produces bubbles or flaws,
and tends greatly to impair the homogeneity of the casting. The application
of the reverberatory furnace and protective layer, herein-before referred to as
an intermediate means, remedies these inconveniences.
In carrying out this Invention, a suitable reverberatory furnace is heated
to a a high temperature for some time previous to the emptying of the crucibles;
and the hearth is covered with a layer of melted scoria a few inches in depth.
A hole is then made in the roof of the furnace over the deepest part of the
hearth; through this opening the melted metal is successively poured from
the crucibles into the hearth below the flowing, being either direct into the
furnace or through a fire-clay conduit which serves to protect the metal
from the action of the flames during its entrance into the furnace. The
molten steel on reaching the hearth descends at once to the bottom thereof
through the bath or layer of scoria, where may be accumulated any desired
amount of cast steel according to the size of the hearth. The molten metal
should be well stirred to render it homogeneous, the scoria which the
crucibles may have contained collecting on the surface. The moulds being
brought near to the furnace, the tap hole is opened and the steel run direct
into the moulds at one operation; by this means perfectly sound castings are
obtained.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, I do not claim the peculiar con-
struction of furnace herein-before described and shewn in the Drawing; but
what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is the
application and use of a reverberatory furnace with a protective layer of
slag, or of a separate vessel or receiver of any kind heated to a high degree of
temperature, as an intermediate receptacle for the melted steel when making
large castings, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur Perry Bower, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of June, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty.five.
35 Witness,
J. W. MOFFAtt,
66, Chancery Lane.
A. P. BOWER. (L.s.)

page_text: I hereby grant my fiat, giving leave to the above-named Arthur Perry
Bower to file in the Great Seal Patent Office, with the Specification to
which the same relates, the above-written Amended Disclaimer and Memo-
randum of Alteration.
ROUNDELL PALMER,
Attorney-General.
Lincoln's Inn, July 20th, 1865.