matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Thompson and Henry
Walmsley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 9th April 1857.
We, HENRY THOMPSON, of Great Harwood, near Blackburn, in the County
of Lancaster, Warper, and HENRY WALMSLEY, of the same Place, Book-keeper,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to improvements in the construction of those parts of
looms which are used to drive the shuttle through the shed, called " 'pickers,"
and consists in forming them of a combination of metal and buffalo hide,
leather, or other suitable material or compound of materials of like nature.
The frame of the "picker" is of metal, and has arrangements provided to receive
pieces of hide (or other material before referred to) at those parts subject
to friction and the shock of the shuttle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA- BATUS USED FOR STRETCHING AND DRYING FABRICS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Morand at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd June
1857.
I, SAMUEL MORAND, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA-
BATUS USED FOR STRETCHING AND DRYING FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus used for
stretching and drying fabrics. For these purposes the links or parts of the
chains (to which the points or pins are applied, and by which the fabrics are
held when being stretched and dried,) are each made with bosses or enlarge-
ments on both sides, and in order that such bosses may be the means of giving
motion to such chains, the wheels which actuate the chains are made with
suitable teeth or projections to gear with the bosses or projections on the links
or parts of the chains. The bosses are formed near the ends of the links or
parts of the chains, and the pins or axes which connect the links or parts of
the chains together pass into the bosses, and such bosses or enlargements, as
well as being the means by which motion is communicated to the chains, give
greater extent of support to the axes or pins by which the links or parts of
the chains are connected than they heretofore received.
IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING WORSTED, COTTON, SILK, WOOLLEN, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Naylor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th September
1857.
I, WILLIAM NAYLOR, of Bradford, in the West Riding of the County of
York, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING WORSTED, COTTON, SILK, WOOLLEN,
AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My improvements in power looms for weaving worsted, cotton, silk,
woollen, and other fibrous substances, consists of a turntable attached to the
going part of the loom, with partitions fixed upon it to form any number of
shuttle boxes that are required; by the use of the above turntable I can
move one or more shuttle boxes at once for arranging different shades of
colors in the same pattern without stopping the loom. The above turntable
is made self-acting by means of levers and catches attached to the framework
or any other suitable part of the loom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC OR OTHER PACKING BOXES OR CASES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Job Mead and George Mead at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
4th April 1857.
We, JOB MEAD, of Bethnal Green, and GEORGE MEAD, of the same Place,
in the County of Middlesex, Iron Plate Workers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC OR OTHER PACKING
BOXES OR CASES," to be as follows:-
Our said improvements consist in certain modes of constructing packing
boxes or cases, particularly such as are used for bullion and other like valuable
property.
In one arrangement of our said Invention sheet metal is to be cut to tho
required size and folded in one piece to form the body of the box or case, and
the metal is then secured down one side with a lap joint or rivets. Within
one or both ends is a rim or ring to strengthen the same, and the edges of the
metal may be turned over outwards, so as to permit the head piece to slide
over it, by having its edges lapped, or the edges of the heads may be turned
upwards and be inserted in the body to lap inwards. The lap edges may then
be hammered down close, and cannot afterwards be opened without cutting or
forcing the metal. One or more metal hoops may be passed over the outside
of boxes so constructed for their further security.
In another arrangement, we make the body of the box in one or more pieces,

page_text: and the cover is made either with a hinge or separate, to slip over the body
within a band, which goes round the box at the top edge, and is secured to
it by rivets or like means, and a similar band surrounds the bottom edge. Two
or more bands are secured to the bottom and rise up each side of the box and
are rivetted thereto. These bands may be made long enough for their ends to
meet at the top of the box, to be there soldered or otherwise secured. Within
the cover are four or more springs near the outer edge at right angles, and
around the inner top edge of the sides of the box are corresponding boxed
receptacles, each containing a similar spring in which to insert the box-cover
springs, so that when pushed down the springs lock at the required depth,
holding the box lid or cover firmly in its place.
The principle of these modes of constructing safety packing boxes may
be variously applied, and the boxes made of different materials. The springs
too may be made to act on bolts, latches, and like fastenings.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Alfred Jowett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th January
1857.
I, HENRY ALFRED JOWETT, of Sawley, in the County of Derby, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
I propose to construct a rotary engine similar to the following description,
but subject to the introduction of improvements in the details during the six
months time allowed for permanent Specification.
I propose to make a cylinder 8 inches diameter (for example), and after-
wards of size according to power required, with a plain flange top and bottom,
or at either end, to be bored out perfectly true, and to place in such cylinder
a parallel drum much smaller than the diameter of cylinder, but being the
whole depth of cylinder. Upon each end of this drum a flange is cast, the
edges of which are turned true to fit the bored part of the cylinder. Between
these flanges and the whole depth of the cylinder is fixed a solid arm or piece
of metal about one inch thick, being secured steam-tight upon the periphery
of the drum and level with the edges of each flange, working steam-tight
in the cylinder. In the sides of cylinder are cast or cut opposite each other
two slots, about three inches wide, and in length the whole depth of the

page_text: cylinder, except the flanges, over which and upon the outside of the cylinder
are screwed or otherwise secured two boxes or chambers, which contain in
each the segment of a circle, of metal, fitted upon a centre steam-tight, and
during the rotation of the inner drum and arm of metal these segments form a
portion of the inner circle of the cylinder; but upon the arm having passed the
free end of the segment it moves inwards, falling upon the surface of the drum
by means of a spring at the back of it fixed in the box or chamber, and
making thereby a steam-tight joint. Through the centre of the drum passes
a hollow shaft, divided in the centre, at one end of which steam is allowed to
enter through an universal joint, and from there conducted through a tube and
orifice on one side of the arm or solid piece of metal, attempting to force
it self past the segment upon the drum, thereby obtaining a resistance or
fulcrum, causing the drum and arm to revolve, and moving each segment
alternately in its rotation. By a similar tube and orifice, on the opposite side
of the arm of metal, passing to the other side or half of the hollow shaft, the
exhausted steam is carried away.
AN IMPROVED WASHING AND DRYING APPARATUS
Year: 1857

page_text: This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marc Antoine François Mennons
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 19th November 1857.-A communication.
1, MARC ANTOINE FRANÇOIS MENNONS, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, and 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris,
in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention of "AN
IMPROVED WASHING AND DRYING APPARATUS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
The Invention, communicated to me, consists of a perforated cylinder or
drum, the ends of which are provided with covers. The drum is furnished in
the interior with perforated partitions secured to an internal cylinder so as to
form chainbers, having openings for the deposit or removal of the articles to
be washed or dried. The apparatus is provided with an axis, on which it
rotates.
The water enters in the cylinder near the axis, through a pipe fitted with a
stopcock, and passes out by centrifugal action through the holes in the drum,
so as to wash the articles.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SEWING OR EMBROIDERING TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Macdonald at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th March
1857. Partly a communication.
I, ROBERT MACDONALD, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SEWING OR EMBROIDERING TEXTILE FABRICS," in part a communication
from a foreigner residing abroad, to be as follows, that is to say:―
This Invention relates to a system or mode of sewing or embroidering
textile fabrics, applicable in the production of a great variety of ornamental
goods, and particularly in the manufacture of what are commercially known
as "sewed muslins," whereby very superior effects can be produced at an
economical rate. In sewing or embroidering muslins or other woven fabrics
in this way, the sewer or embroiderer first of all makes whatever stitches may
be necessary in the actual body of the muslin or fabric to be embroidered, and
then in working the figure upon the surface of the fabric, the embroidering
needle being entered into the fabric and having its point or front end
uncovered, the sewing or embroidering thread is passed one or more times
round the front projecting end of the embroidering needle, so as to partially
cover it in the manner of a covered or lapped wire. The sewer now draws the
needle out of the body of the fabric, and this action causes the coils or turns of
the thread upon the needle to slide off the needle and become retained in a
solid mass upon the uncoiled part of the thread, the coils or turns being, in
fact, transferred from the needle to the thread. This process is repeated

page_text: throughout the figure or design being sewn, the coiling of the thread upon
the needles being continuously alternated with actual stitches. This system of
sewing may be combined with plain sewing in any desired way, according to
the particular effect which is desired. Sewed work of this kind presents a very
rich effect, for whilst it possesses a very considerable relief, it is also minutely
fine in its component details.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SCREENS, RIDDLES, OR SIEVES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Cooper Bridgman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd June 1857.
I, THOMAS COOPER BRIDGMAN, of Bury St. Edmund's, in the County of
Suffolk, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SCREENS, RIDDLES, OR SIEVES," to be
as follows:-
I prepare two frames, arranged the one within the other, and fitted so that
they can be raised or lowered as required, either parallel or otherwise.
Each frame contains transverse bars at certain intervals, to support the
wires or rods, and the bars of one frame adjoin the bars of the other frame, so
that on raising or lowering them the spaces between the wires are thereby
enlarged at discretion. Each frame contains half the number of wires or rods
alternating with each other, to form the entire screen. The transverse bars
are prepared by punching, drilling, or cutting, to receive the wires or rods.
The spaces between the wires of the bars in each frame are slotted, to allow
the raising and lowering of either screen. I interpose between the wires or
rods, the pins, collars, or other like mechanical applications, patented by me,
and bearing date the 3rd day of March, 1855, which pass between and above
each wire or rod, to keep the spaces free from choking.
The principle of my said Invention is also applicable to rotatory screens,
riddles, or sieves.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MARKING PAPER FOR POSTAL PURPOSES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Armand le Comte de
Fontainemoreau, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 23rd September 1857.-A communication.
I, PETER ARMAND le Comte DE FONTAINE MOREAU, of London, Paris, and
Brussels, Patent Solicitor, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MARKING PAPER FOR POSTAL PURPOSES," to be as
follows, that is to say:-
The Invention consists in the application of a stamp or mark to every sheet
of letter or other paper whether written or printed, so that every such sheet
of paper, envelope, or wrapper will indicate the weight of postage, and thus
save much trouble, and the doubt as to postage dues on the transmission of
letters to any country. The stamp or mark can be affixed either on each
sheet of paper separately, or upon the envelopes of packets containing sheets
of paper, the marks on such envelopes denoting the different weight of the
sheets contained therein.
A CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OR AGENT TO BE EMPLOYED IN LIEU OF OR TO BE SUBSTITUTED FOR ARGOL, TARTAR, AND TARTARIC ACID
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wolfe Bonney at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th May 1857.-A communication.
I, WILLIAM WOLFE BONNEY, of Fulham, in the County of Middlesex,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OR AGENT TO BE EMPLOYED IN LIEU OF OR TO BE SUBSTITUTED
FOR ARGOL, TARTAR, AND TARTARIC ACID" (communicated to me by a foreigner
residing abroad) to be as follows:-
I first prepare stannic chloride (chlorure stannique) by mixing in or about
the following proportions:-1 oz. of bay salt or sea salt, 8 lbs. muriatic
acid, 2 lbs. nitric acid; and by dissolving tin in the liquid thus obtained,
adding the metal a little at a time, in order that the solution may proceed
slowly and continue for at least a day.
I then manufacture the composition to be used as a substitute for tartar by
dissolving 6 lbs. oxalic acid in about 66lbs. hot water, and about 6 lbs.
stannic chloride in about 66 lbs. cold water. I stir for about a quarter of an
hour, then add about 13 lbs. of sulphuric acid, stir again for about a quarter
of an hour, and when the two solutions are quite cold I mix them together,
and leave them to settle for about 24 hours before using.
MAKING COMPRESSED YEAST
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolph Hensel at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st January
1857.
I, ADOLPH HENSEL, of No. 4, Stafford Place, Pimlico, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "MAKING
COMPRESSED YEAST," to be as follows:-
To a distillation of malt and hops I add natron carbonicum and Russian
potassium together or separate; the whole of which undergoes a system of
compression.
I therefore claim the use of natron carbonicum and Russian potassium as
my Invention in the production of yeast.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR GENERATING STEAM
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Heywood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th January
1857.
I, WILLIAM HEYWOOD, of the City of Manchester, Boiler Maker, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR
GENERATING STEAM," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in constructing boilers with a fire grate
at each end, placed in internal flues, and in conveying the products of com-
bustion from each fire grate to a combustion chamber, from whence they pass
to other fire grates under the boiler. The products of combustion from these
lower fire grates are conveyed again through tubes within the boiler, and then
pass into flues outside the boiler. By this arrangement the smoke is effectually
consumed, and a large amount of heating surface is obtained. The tubes
within the boiler are made taper to facilitate repairs, and the products of
combustion in passing to the chimney are conveyed through a water-heating
apparatus, consisting of a tube surrounded by water, from which the feed is
supplied to the boiler.
In some cases the fire grates instead of being placed at cach end of the
boiler may be placed only at one end, and in other cases the fire grates may
be supplied with fuel from the centre of the boiler and the flues conveyed to
each end.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF LAYING SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Burleigh at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th September
1857.
I, BENJAMIN BURLEIGH, of 26, Great George Street, Westminster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MODE OF LAYING SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the removal of the difficulties usually
experienced in laying submarine telegraphs consequent upon the strain to
which the cable is exposed, either from its own weight in deep water, or from
the sudden rising or movement of the vessel used in paying it out.
In order to effect this object, I construct a number of water-tight buoys or
floats of any required form, of india-rubber, gutta percha, copper-plate, tin-
plate, or any other suitable material, elastic or non-elastic, and these floats or
buoys I propose to affix to the cable either before or during the process of
paying out, at such intervals or distances apart that each float shall afford
support to a given portion of the cable, so as to relieve the dead weight on the
end attached to the vessel, thus affording greater facilities for laying the cable
and lessening the risk of breakage. This process will also greatly facilitate
the operation of raising a sunken cable.
In lieu of the buoys described, floats of cork or funnel-shaped plates of
metal may be used for retarding the sinking of the cable.
Various modes may be used for affixing the buoys or floats to the cable, but
I prefer the following mode, viz:-To each float a pair of clips or jaws is

page_text: attached; the jaws being opened by pressure are passed round the cable
during the process of paying out, and are made to clip or embrace it firmly
either by means of a spring, screw, or other mechanical action, thus fixing the
floats firmly to the cable, retarding its sudden descent into the water; and each
float being made to bear a certain proportion of the entire weight greatly
relieves the strain upon the cable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRILLS FOR SOWING SEEDS AND DEPOSITING MANURE
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hensman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd May
1857.
I, WILLIAM HENSMAN, of Linslade, in the County of Buckinghamshire,
Agricultural Implement Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRILLS FOR SOWING SEEDS AND DEPOSITING
MANURE," to be as follows:-
1
These improvements consist in supporting the seed box or manure box so
as to enable it to assume a horizontal position when passing over inclined
surfaces of land. For this purpose I support the end axles of the box, which
have a vertical and horizontal motion, in bearings, which are connected with a
scale beam placed either above or below the box, whereby the box assumes
and preserve a horizontal position whatever may be the inclination of the
land over which it is passing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FORM OF RAILS FOR USE IN RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Fitz Gibbon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th May 1857.
I, ABRAHAM FITZ GIBBON, of Canada, now residing in England, at the City
of Bath, and County of Somerset, do hereby declare the nature of the In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FORM OF RAILS FOR USE IN RAILWAYS AND
TRAMWAYS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the form of rails for use
in railways and tramways. For these purposes, in place of rolling or forming
the lower or bearing flanges of rails for railways or tramways with parallel
sides, and making holes through such parallel flanges, as heretofore, the lower
or bearing flanges of the rails are formed with projecting lugs at intervals,
through which the necessary holes are made for receiving the screws, bolts, or
other fastenings for holding down such rails.
AN IMPROVED CIGAR TUBE OR HOLDER FOR SMOKING CIGARS OR TOBACCO
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Frederick Hack at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th September 1857.
I, GEORGE FREDERICK HACK, of Hackney, in the County of Middlesex,
Lithographer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED CIGAR TUBE OR HOLDER FOR SMOKING CIGARS OR TOBACCO," to be as
follows:-
My said Invention consists in adapting a spiral spring or other suitable
spring within a tube of sufficient length to hold the cigar or tobacco to
be smoked, and which being lit at the end of the tube is kept at that point by
the pressure of the spring until consumed.
The cigar tube has an aperture at top elongated by a mouthpiece, the
action of which is not impeded by the spring. The bottom of the tube may
have a wire gauze, perforated, or other lid or cover, through which the cigar
or tobacco can be lighted and kept burning during the period of smoking.
The tubes may be made of various sizes and materials, and the tips or mouth-
pieces may be variously constructed for portability and ornament.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRE- SERVING MEAT, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, AND OTHER EDIBLE SUBSTANCES AND FLUIDS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Semple at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th December
1857.
I, MATTHEW SEMPLE, of Stonehouse, in the County of Devon, Esquire, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRE-
SERVING MEAT, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, AND OTHER EDIBLE SUBSTANCES AND FLUIDS."
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in placing the jar or case containing the substances
or fluids to be preserved in a receiver, the case and receiver are exhausted,
and the antiseptic gases or other preserving agents are admitted into both
case and receiver; then before removing the case from the receiver, and before
exposing it to the air or otherwise admitting air thereto, I close or seal the case
by screwing down the cover thereon, which cover had been previously held
over it by a suitably formed rod or key working through a tight stuffing box
in the cover of the receiver.
For containing the substances or fluids to be preserved, I prefer to use
glass or earthenware jars, with covers of the same material made to screw
into them, and then I place some soft substance over the threads of the screw;
or cause the cover to fit down tightly upon an elastic ring or collar in order
to close them hermetically.
IMPROVED STRAPS OR DRIVING BANDS FOR MACHINERY
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dyson, Edwin Wilkinson
Shirt, and Henry Shirt at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 3rd October 1857.
We, JOHN DYSON, EDWIN WILKINSON SHIRT, and HENRY SHIRT, trading
5 under the style or firm of "Dyson, Shirt, and Company," Steel Rollers, of
Tinsley Works, near Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED STRAPS OR DRIVING BANDS FOR
MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the use and application of rolled sheet steel, iron,
0 or other metallic substance for straps or driving bands to transmit motive
power, and to the substitution thereof for leather, gutta percha, or textile
straps.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRO- PELLING AND STEERING SHIPS AND OTHER FLOATING BODIES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Reuver, at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th October 1857.
I, DANIEL REUVER, 109, Boulevart de Waterloo, Brussels, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRO-
PELLING AND STEERING SHIPS AND OTHER FLOATING BODIES," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to an adaptation of means which, whilst capable of
being used to propel in either direction the ship or other vessel to which they
are applied, are also arranged to be used for the purpose of steering the same
in place of using rudders for that purpose.
To lever arms are hinged wings or flaps, which during movement in one
direction of such lever arms are capable of opening to act upon the water for
a progressive motion, and during the movement in the opposite direction
of closing that they may more readily pass through it. These lever arms
are supported each in a collar carried by a swinging frame, and at their
upper ends are by adjustable means connected to rods actuated by a steam
engine or other power, to give the necessary to-and-fro motion to them. Each
lever arm at the point of support has affixed to it a pinion which is operated
by a rack or such like means, by which the propellers may be turned round
to propel in an opposite direction, or only partially so when they are used for
the purpose of steering.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OP PRESERVING ANIMAL AND VEGE- TABLE FLUIDS, AND FLUIDS CONTAINING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1857

page_text: rotection, out
roceed with ine
application for Lellers Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Charles Tisdall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
November 1857.
I, EDMUND CHARLES TISDALL, of Holland Park Farm, Kensington, in the
County of Middlessex, Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OP PRESERVING ANIMAL AND VEGE-
TABLE FLUIDS, AND FLUIDS CONTAINING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES," to
be as follows:-
I place the fluid, that is to be preserved, in glass bottles or other suitable
vessels so as nearly or quite to fill them. I next raise the vessels so filled to
a high temperature, by placing them in a chamber which is then deprived of
atmospheric air by a jet of steam or other suitable means. I keep them at
that temperature until all the oxygen contained in the contents of the vessels has
been rendered incapable of producing decomposition; I then remove the vessels
to a convenient place at hand, fill them to overflowing by the addition of as
much as may be needed of the same fluid at a similar high temperature, and
while in that state I cover the orifices of the vessels with one or more coverings
of caoutchouc, gutta percba, bladder, or other suitable material impervious to
the air, and strong enough to resist the pressure of the atmosphere. when the
liquid contained in the vessels as it cools sinks away from the covering,
leaving a vacuum between its upper surface, and the covering.

page_text: The above process is an improved mode of applying heat, in order to render
oxygen contained in fluids incapable of producing any noxious result; and tho
addition of the impervious covering as above described is an improved modo
of preventing the entry of any fresh oxygen or any deleterious substance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING SMALL COAL AND OTHER MATTERS TO BE USED AS FUEL
Year: 1857

page_text: This Invention received Provisional Protection, out notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Joseph Thompson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th June 1857.-A communication.
I, WILLIAM JOSEPH THOMPSON, of North Shields, Russian Vice-Consul, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR PREPARING SMALL COAL AND OTHER MATTERS TO BE USED AS FUEL," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for preparing
small coal and other matters to be used as fuel. For this purpose the small coal
and other matters are fed on to the bed or bottom of a crushing and mixing
mill. The under surface of the bed or bottom of the mill is heated. Above
the bed is formed an enclosed chamber, with a suitable outlet and pipe at
the upper part thereof, through which the vaporized products pass, and are
condensed by means of a condenser. The upper part of a vertical axis
(protected from the fire by brickwork) passes into the enclosed chamber above
the heated bed or bottom. The vertical axis gives motion to four or other
suitable number of arms, to one of which a scraper is affixed, which moves
the coal and other matters on the heated bed or bottom of the mill. The coal
and other materials as they rise above the scraper fall over again on the heated
bed or bottom at the back of the scraper. The other arms carry a mixing
roller and crushing rollers. On one side of the enclosed chamber there is an

page_text: opening through which the contents are discharged when completed, and there
is a charging opening at another part of the chamber, and such openings
have suitable slides or valves to close them. The coal and other material are
thus heated, mixed, and crushed whilst in the chamber and on the heated bed,
and as such materials are delivered they are received into a hopper, from the
lower part of which the mixed crusher and heated materials fall into recesses
formed on two wheels or cylinders, which revolve between two fixed plates or
sides at those parts thereof where the materials descend from the hopper, and
as each wheel has alternately projections and hollows, the projections of one
wheel enter the hollows of the other wheel and compress the materials therein.
As the wheels rotate, and the filled hollows or recesses come below the two
fixed side plates, the moulded masses are forced laterally out of the hollows
or recesses by two rams or forcers put in motion by suitable gearing, and
such moulded and compressed masses are received on to two endless aprons,
which convey the moulded masses away from the machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS FOR PRINTING OR STAINING THE SURFACES OF WOVEN FABRICS, YARNS, PAPER, AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Chadwick at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th October
1857.
I, JAMES CHADWICK, of Castleton Print Works, near Rochdale, in the
County of Lancaster, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS FOR PRINTING OR
STAINING THE SURFACES OF WOVEN FABRICS, YARNS, PAPER, AND OTHER MATERIALS,"
to be as follows:-
Firstly, I take the ordinary copper, iron, wood, composition, or metallic
roller, and by cutting or other process get in relief the parts intended to give
the impression. But instead of filling the parts thus relieved (as hitherto
adopted) with felt or other absorbent or elastic substance, in order to carry a
large body of color to the cloth, I propose to etch or engrave the said relieved
parts in lines or cells, as with ordinary engraved printing rollers, so that the
said lines or cells shall carry more color than an absorbent substance, besides
which they will give finer impressions, inasmuch as the said lines or cells will
prevent the colors from being forced out of their positions by the cylindrical
pressure of the surface roller and the cylinder against which it is forced in
order to give the impression.
Secondly, I take a roller or cylinder of the required dimensions, whether

page_text: made of iron, copper, lead, brass, steel, wood, composition, or other material,
and engrave or etch it as for ordinary printing rollers, and polish it ready for
use; I then put it into a bath supplied with a solution of copper, lead, tin, or
other suitable material, and apply to it a galvanic battery by which I electro-
plate the roller.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY WHEELS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Parker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd March
1857.
I, THOMAS PARKER, of Number 34, Sitwell Street, in the Borough of
Derby, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY WHEELS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in making the tire and rim of the wheel in one entire
picce; and after its being so made, the spokes are welded in to the inside
thereof, and thus there is no necessity for revits or screw-bolts, as under the
present system. The spokes are flat spokes made altogether under the
hammer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES AND LETTER PAPER
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Léon Pujol at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th October
1857.
I; LÉON PUJOL, of Paris, France, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES AND LETTER PAPER," to
be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to afford a means of ascertaining the address
of the party directing a letter without requiring his address to be visible on the
outside of the letter. The Invention is particularly useful for letters which
by illegible or incorrect address, or by any other circumstances, are to be
returned to the parties who directed them, without requiring the clerks of the
Post Office or others to open the said letters in order to ascertain the address
of the parties directing them. I give to the flap by which the envelope is
closed a peculiar form, which allows to unfasten a part of the said flap whilst
the envelope still remains closed, so that no communication of the enclosed
letter can be taken. The form of the said flap is that of the ordinary flap of
an envelope, with the exception of its having a lengthened end, either of an
oval or other form, which appendix is to contain on its inner side the address
or other known mark of the parties by whom the letter is directed. The
envelope being sealed in the ordinary manner, the said appendix is then sealed
in the same way, and in such a manner that the said appendix may be easily

page_text: unfastened or cut off from the envelope without injuring the seal of the
envelope or without destroying the address or mark on the inner side of the
appendix.
letter.
I apply the same principle to letter paper, viz., by applying the mark or
direction on the inside of that part of the margin of the paper which is to lay
uppermost on the back part of the letter when the paper is folded up as a
In this case no appendix or projecting part is required, but a part of
the margin itself may serve for bearing on the inside the required direction,
and this part being marked on the outside by any suitable sign; this part is
only to be cut of in order to see the direction, without requiring any further
opening of the letter. I call my envelopes return envelopes, and my letter
paper return paper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Watson and Thomas
Singleton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 27th January 1857.
We, THOMAS WATSON, of Baxenden, near Accrington, in the County of
Lancaster, Overlooker of Power Looms, and THOMAS SINGLETON, of Over
Darwen, in the said County, Weaver, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to the driving motion of looms, or the mode or method
of connecting the loom to the driving power, and instead of the usual fast and
loose pullies used for that purpose we fix a pulley fast upon the crank shaft,
with the inside bevilled a little. We make the loose pulley with an additional
rim, the said additional rim being bevilled to fit the interior bevil of the fast
pulley, so that when the loose pulley is pushed into the fast pulley motion is
given to the loom; and when it is withdrawn, the loom will stop. It will be
perceived that by this plan the necessity of moving the driving strap from one
pulley to the other is dispensed with, as it always remains on the loose pulley.
This plan merely constitutes male and female friction pullies; the surface of
the male or loose pulley may be covered with leather or any suitable material
to increase the friction, if necessary; or instead of the said friction pullies we
make them in the shape of male and female catch boxes with one or more

page_text: grooves and catches to fit perfectly tight, so that when the loose pulley is put
into the fast one, it will carry it round without slipping, so that should the
friction pullies be not quite certain, the catch boxes will make it doubly sure;
they must be bevilled as in the former plan. By this means the bang or con-
cussion of the loom is greatly modified or lessened. We also fix a compound
tumbler in the shuttle, the said tumbler having a fine spring across the top, so
that the weft thread by pressing upon the spring will press it down, pass under
it, and be kept in its place by the spring being in contact with a small pro-
jection in the tumbler; it cannot rise but may be depressed. This simple con-
trivance will always keep the weft thread in its proper position for weaving.
We also cut a small piece out of the top of the shuttle opposite the top of
the said tumbler, so that when any obstruction présents itself in the shed or in
the
way
of the shuttle, the warp threads 'will push the tumbler over and break
the weft thread, thus stopping the loom and preventing floats being made
which spoil the cloth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING FIRE AND LIGHT
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Taylor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd April
1857.
I, JAMES TAYLOR, of Cullen, in the County of Banff, North Britain, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING FIRE AND LIGHT," to be as follows, that is to
say:-
This Invention relates to a portable tinder tube or holder, especially
intended for the use of smokers, so as to enable them to obtain fire or light
for igniting tobacco in pipes or cigars, but it may also be used for other
purposes where fire or light is required. The apparatus consists of a plain
cylindrical metal tube open at both ends. One of these ends has a loose
externally fitting cap adjusted upon it, the other end has an internal sliding
cap picce or cap fitted inside the tube, and both these caps are joined together
by a short chain. The tube is filled with tinder of any cheap and convenient
kind. When a light is required, the user of the apparatus places it open
between his forefinger and thumb next to the hand, and the flint employed
in producing the spark is placed on the outside edge, both being held together
whilst the flint is struck by a suitable steel. The external end cap keeps the
tinder free from wet or injury at that end, whilst the internal sliding cup piece
enables the user to push or squeeze up the tinder as may be required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS
Year: 1857

page_text: 3
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Wright Prestwich at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th January
1857.
I, WRIGHT PRESTWICH, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Dentist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
GAS BURNERS," to be as follows:-
I make a small cap to fit on the ordinary gas burner, the top of which I
perforate, similar to fine wire gauze; or I make the burner itself with the top
part perforated in the same way. By this plan I obtain a better light, and
ensure an economization in the consumption of gas.
THE PRESERVATION OF TIMBER
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Green and William Coppin
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 27th June 1857.
We, JOHN GREEN, of the Town and County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
Architect, and WILLIAM COPPIN, junior, of Blyth, in the County of North-
umberland, Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"THE PRESERVATION OF TIMBER," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to effect the preservation of timber by pre-
venting the deleterious action of the atmosphere thereon, and the means
proposed to be employed for effecting this object are as follows:-
The timber is first placed in an oven or kiln, and covered over with chalk,
loam, or other material in a dry state, in order to prevent it from being burnt
or scorched. By this means the wood is thoroughly dried and heated, and
the sap reduced to a glutinous state. When the wood is sufficiently dried and
heated, it is passed into a tank or vessel containing a preservative liquid,
which immediately fills all the pores of the wood, and when the timber is
sufficiently saturated, the process is complete.
The preservative liquids which we propose to use are (for railway sleepers
and other timber not designed for painting), coal tar; and for other purposes,
oil.
We would here remark, that timber thus prepared will be found to be
harder, heavier, and more durable the sooner it is prepared after being felled,

page_text: and that it will be found to be less inflammable than timber otherwise
prepared. In preserving timber to be used in building docks, piers, vessels,
and other structures exposed to sea water, it is proposed to add sulphur,
arsenic, or other poisonous material to the preservative liquid in the tank,
which would have the effect of preventing worms or other insects from
perforating the timber.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TWYERS FOR BLAST FURNACES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marius Chastagnon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd March
1857.
I, MARIUS CHASTAGNON, of the Pouzin Ardéche, France, and of 45, Essex
Street, Strand, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TWYERS FOR BLAST FURNACES," to be as follows:-
This twyer is composed of two cast iron concentric cones, which are con-
nected at their smaller ends by a piece cast with them, so as to form one piece;
a moveable plate is fixed by means of bolts on the larger ends, and in which
are placed two holes or openings for the induction and eduction of the
water. The distance between the two cones must be sufficient to allow the
circulation of a body of water to cool the heated partitions of the cast-iron
twyer. The inside diameters of the inner cone must be large enough for the
passage of the blast to the furnace. Every month or so the said moveable
plate is removed for the purpose of taking away the tartar which is formed on
the cones, preventing the action of the water, & causing the rapid destruction
of the ordinary twyers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING STEARIC ACID
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Roussille at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th June
1857.
I, EDWARD ROUSSILLE, of Jurançon, near Pau, a Town of France, Manu-
facturer of Chemical Products, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING STEARIC ACID," to be as
follows:-
In manufacturing stearic acid, the soap-transforming action by alkalies has
been hitherto advantageously applied only to tallow, whilst the other fatty
materials, on account of the extraneous substances they contain, escape the
action of alkalies. Acids in some instances have been substituted, but their
action is too energetic.
My process consists in transforming into soap any fatty material containing
stearic acid, by means of a super salt, before submitting it to distillation. For
that purpose the fatty materials are melted in a suitable kettle and stirred up
the whole time, then super chlorydrate of zinc is slowly poured in, which salt
is previously prepared by the action of chloridric acid of commerce upon zinc.
When the mixture is thoroughly made the heat is raised to one hundred
degrees centigrade, and maintained during five or six hours, when the free
acid of the chlorydrate, exerting its action on the extraneous substances, takes

page_text: hold of, discomposes, or dissolves them, assisting the soap-transforming action.
The heat is then raised during seven or eight hours to one hundred and twenty
degrees centigrades. After cooling, the liquid is drawn off and the soapy
material is washed in a tub with clear water, and in two or three hours it is
drawn off again and run into a common distilling apparatus to be treated in
the usual manner.