matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WASHING CLAY AND OTHER EARTHY MATTERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Wethered at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd October 1866.
I, GEORGE WETHERED, of Maidenhead, .in the County of Berks, Brickmaker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR WASHING CLAY AND OTHER EARTHY MATTERS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the operation of washing clay
and chalk for the use of brickmakers by means of a wash mill that is capable
of being readily shifted to any required position. Instead of constructing
the bed of the wash mill with bricks or masonary, as heretofore, .I sink
pit of any given length and of a semicircular form in cross section, and
over this I mount a long horizontal shaft armed with radial blades or beaters
set helically around the shaft. This shaft 1. mount in bearings carried by
baulks of timber or standards placed at the ends of the pit, and by means of
suitable gearing set in motion by a portable engine I give rotary motion to
the shaft. The pit I fit with supply and discharge sluices, and the clay or
chalk that is required to be washed is fed into the pit in regulated quantities,.
and water is at the same time pumped or run into the pit. The rotation of
the blades or beaters will produce a thorough trituration of the clay and chalk
by the time the material has reached the discharging sluice; the material
having attained the consistency of cream will then be discharged through the
sluice into "backs" or reservoirs, where the earthy particles will be allowed to
subside.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF IODIDE OF ETHYL AND OF OTHER ORGANIC IODIDES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 29th October
1866. A communication 'from abroad by James Alfred Wanklyn, of
the London Institution, Professor of Chemistry, at present residing at
Thann, in the Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF IODIDE OF ETHYL AND OF OTHER ORGANIC
IODIDES," a communication to me from abroad by James Alfred Wanklyn, of
the London Institution, Professor of Chemistry, but at present residing at
Thann, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
The iodide of ethyl, and the iodide of methyl, aud similar organic iodides
have recently become of importance in the arts, and a more convenient method
for their preparation is at present a great desideratum. Hitherto they have
been prepared by the employment of iodine, phosphorus, and an alcohol.
Now my Invention relates to the substitution of the iodine and phosphorous
by the employment of an iodide, such, for example, as the iodide of potassium
or the iodide of sodium, and of a saturated alcoholic solution of hydrochloric
acid gas.
In carrying out my Invention I proceed as follows:-And, firstly, as regards
the production of iodide of ethyl-l-take-dry-iodide-of-potassium or iodide of
sodium by preference, and pulverize the same, and I mix therewith about an
equal weight of a saturated alcoholic solution of bydrochloric acid gas. I

page_text: then place the mixture in a distillatory apparatus and distil over by the
application of heat a distillate containing iodide of ethyl, which may be
separated as a heavy oil by diluting the distillate with water; the only fluid
thus separated is then to be removed by decantation or otherwise, and is-
ready for use.
The iodide of methyl is prepared in like manner, substituting wood spirit
saturated with hydrochloric acid gas for the alcoholic solution before mentioned.
Other organic iodides may be prepared in like manner, their alcohols being
substituted for those before mentioned. Instead of employing an alcoholic
or a methylic solution of hydrochloric acid gas, I sometimes employ phos-
phoric acid and alcohol, or wood spirit, or other alcohols, in conjunction with
the iodides before mentioned, in which case I proceed as before described,
employing about the same quantities of the iodide, phosphoric acid, and the
alcohol.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND. MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Tyerman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents,. with his Petition, on. the 3rd July
1:866.
I, HENRY TYERMAN,. of Pontefract, in the County of York, Agricultural
Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND. MOWING MACHINES," to be as follows::—
This Invention relates to means of guiding and working. the knife or
cutting instrument employed in such machines, and: the object is to prevent
the great wear and tear of the working parts,, and the waste of motive power
in working them.
Heretofore it has invariably been: found that the crank pin and bush,
together with other connecting parts for working the knife, have soon
got out of order in consequence of the weight and the force or momentum
acquired by the action of the knife and connecting rod (when relieved from
the cut at each extremity of the stroke) being thrown upon the crank pin
and bush or other joints in connection, thus checking the free retation of the
crank wheel and absorbing a considerable per-centage of motive power, also
subjecting the knife and other parts to excessive strain and frequent breakage,
whereby these machines soon become worn out or useless.
My improvements consist in the application of a slidable joint piece, which
I mount upon one or more slide bars or rods fixed to the framing parallel

page_text: with the knife, to which the knife is attached, and to this joint piece I attach
the connecting rod. I also apply a spring or springs to this joint piece, which
spring or springs is or are compressed or deflected at each end of the stroke,
and consequently become an elastic cushion for receiving the weight and
force or momentum of the knife, and also exerts a reaction thereon, causing
it to recoil or rebound, thus relieving the crank pin and connecting joints.
The parallel slide or slides also prevent or avoid the present oblique action
of the connecting rod upon the knife, which is now the cause of much wear
and tear thereof and waste of motive power through undue friction.
By this Invention reaping and mowing machines may be constructed lighter
or of less dead weight than heretofore, and worked without that violet
shaking of the machine and undue friction of the parts when in action,
consequently more economical both in first cost and in the working thereof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING AND REGISTERING THE VARIATIONS IN PRESSURE AND WORKING OF THE STEAM IN THE CYLINDERS OF STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George White at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st March 1866.
-A communication from abroad by Mr. Pietro Monte, Professor of
Natural Philosophy at the Royal Lyceum, Leghorn, Italy.
I, GEORGE WHITE, of 68, Queen Street, Cheapside, in the City of London,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING AND REGISTERING THE VARIATIONS
IN PRESSURE AND WORKING OF THE STEAM IN THE CYLINDERS OF STEAM ENGINES,"
that it has been communicated to me from abroad by Mr. Pietro Monte,
Professor of Natural Philosophy at the Royal Lyceum, Leghorn, Italy, to be
as follows:-'
The Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for indicating and
registering on paper or other suitablo medium the variations in the pressure
and working of the steam in the cylinders of steam engines.
The apparatus consists of two small cylinders fixed longitudinally in opposite
directions to each other on a suitable bed plate, in each of the said small
cylinders a piston works perfectly steam-tight, and by means of suitable pipes
and stop-cocks the steam from the cylinder of the steam engine to which this
improved apparatus is applied may be caused to enter and press on the top of
the pistons of the said small cylinders, viz., the steam from underneath the
engine piston be conducted on the top of one of said small pistons, whereas the
steam from above the engine piston is conducted on the top of the other small
pistons. At each stroke of the engine piston the respective small piston is

page_text: driven forward by the steam pressing on the top of it, whereas the other
small piston is by the effect of a spring coiled round the rod of each of the
small pistons carried back to its primitive position in order to be driven for-
ward in its turn at the next stroke of the engine piston. The free end of
each of the rods of the said small pistons being provided with a pencil or
other suitable means for. marking the strokes of its respective rod on a piece
of paper or other suitable registering medium with which the point of the
pencil is kept in contact, to which paper or other registering medium is
imparted by clockwork or other suitable means and proper pressing rollers
a suitable uniform forward motion in a direction at right angles with that of
the marking pencils, the lines marked by these latter on the paper will show
the pressure and working of the steam in the engine cylinder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Tomlinson Bousfield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd August 1866.-A communication from abroad by Edward Adam
Cutler, of Providence, Rhode Island, and Charles Bliven, of Putnam,
Connecticut, both in the United States of America.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES," to be as follows:-
In carding engines as heretofore constructed, including those in most common
use which make use of a revolving drum or cylinder covered with card
clothing in combination with stationary top cards, and also those which
employ a similarly covered drum combined with smaller revolving drums
called "workers" and strippers, the material to be combed travels during
its passage from the feed rollers to the doffer over an are equal only to about
one-half the circumference of the main carding drum, and the duration of the
carding process upon any given portion of the material is thereby limited to
the time which is occupied in such passage, and further, inasmuch as the path
of travel of the material is confined around the upper half of the main
cylinder, the majority of the seeds, motes, and foreign particles present in the
staple are either deposited between the teeth of the cards or become intermixed.
with the finished lap.
According to this Invention a revolving drum or cylinder covered with card
clothing is used in combination with workers and strippers, but these in place
of being arranged as heretofore are so situated that the material is first operated

page_text: upon by the workers and strippers while it is upon the lower half of the cir-
cumference of the main cylinder, and as the machine is unenclosed upon its
under side all seeds, dust, and foreign particles fall to the ground instead of
lodging upon the surface of the card, as they would do to a great extent if the
material was subjected to the carding process only while passing over the
upper half of the cylinder.
A further advantage in placing workers and strippers on the under side of
the main drum, as well as on the upper, is that a larger number of workers
can in this way be applied to a drum of a given diameter, and so it is obvious
that the extent to which the carding process is carried must be much greater
in machines made according to this Invention than it can be upon other
machines. Stationary top slat cards may be used in addition to the workers
and strippers.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF TREATING STALE BREAD AND BISCUITS WITH A VIEW TO RESTORING THEIR FRESHNESS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson át the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th October
1866. A communication from abroad by Charles Vitoux and Alfred
Braconnier, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MODE OF TREATING STALE BREAD AND BISCUITS WITH A VIEW TO
RESTORING THEIR FRESHNESS," a communication to me from abroad by Charles
Vitoux and Alfred Braconnier, of Paris, in the Empire of France:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar mode of treating stale bread and
biscuits, whereby their original freshness may be immediately and econo-
mically restored to them, and is specially applicable for restoring the freshness
to bread or biscuits on board ships making long voyages.
This peculiar mode of treatment consists in placing the bread or biscuits
to be operated upon in a closed chamber, and subjecting the same whilst in
the chamber to the action of steam which is admitted therein for that purpose;
after a few minutes exposure to a moderate steam pressure, so as to ensure the
penetration of the steam into the pores or cells of the loaves or biscuits, they are
removed from the closed chamber, whereupon the condensation of the steam-
contained in the goods operated upon imparts a moisture and freshness
thereto equal to that of new bread. The chamber may be surrounded if
desired by a steam jacket, into which steam is primarily admitted with a view

page_text: to raising the temperature of the inner chamber before admitting the steam
therein, and thereby avoiding the collection of moisture therein by conden-
sation of the steam against the cold sides of the chamber.. The steam
employed may be either ordinary steam or steam which has been dried or
surcharged to a certain extent.
AN IMPROVED FEED MOTION FOR SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Winter at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th January 1866.
I, WILLIAM WINTER, of Leeds, in the County of York, Mechanist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FEED
MOTION FOR SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has special reference to the "feed motion" part of sewing
machines, and consists in the use of a "ribbed holder" of the work to be done,
actuated firstly by the longer arm of a lever having its centre upon the
framework, and its shorter arm driven by the principal cam of ordinary
sewing machines. The "holder" above named moving freely on a pin at the
end of the lever and in a guide thus receives a vertical motion. By means
of a slide rod having a wedge-shaped extremity which passes between the side
of the "holder" and the arm of the machine, and is also on the opposite side
of the arm to that on which the first-named lever is placed, that is, furthest
from the operative, I impart a lateral transverse motion to the "ribbed
holder." The slide rod receives a horizontal motion by means of tappets on
the driving shaft, a spring causing it to withdraw from the holder after each
stroke. A small spring is likewise used upon the centre pin, upon which the
"holder
rests, causing it to return after the pressure of the wedge lever is
removed. I thus obtain by the above-named arrangement a combined vertical
and lateral motion for propelling the work under operation, the upper foot of
the machine being always stationary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMP VALVES, STOP AND LET-OFF COCKS OR VALVES, ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYDRAULIC PRESSES AND HIGH WATER PRESSURE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles James Robinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
November 1866.-A communication from abroad by George Brunton,
residing at Cochin.
I, CHARLES JAMES ROBINSON, of 3, Old Church Yard, Liverpool, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMP VALVES,
STOP AND LET-OFF COCKS OR VALVES, ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYDRAULIC PRESSES
AND HIGH WATER PRESSURE," to be. as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in pump valves, stop and
let-off cocks or valves, especially adapted for hydraulic. presses and high-water
pressure.
In constructing valves according to this Invention they are made by
preference cylindrical, and of such a size as just to fit accurately into the
passage or waterway the valve is intended to close. When the valve is closing
its passage or waterway its stem rests upon a stop, and the valve is so
supported, the stop acting as an abutment for the valve, and enabling it to
resist the pressure of the water upon it, otherwise the valve would be carried
through the passage as it does not hang on a conical face like an ordinary valve.
When the valve is resting on its stop the valve face or flat surface around
the passage or waterway is just flush with the surface of the valve, and over
these surfaces there rests a piece of leather attached to the valve, and a

page_text: perfectly tight joint is thus obtained. Thus it will be seen that the valve
is supported independently of the valve seat, and in closing its passage or
waterway, which it accurately fits, it enters into the said passage or waterway
until a surface upon it is flush with a surface around the waterway or
passage, so that a flat surface is obtained for the leather which completes the
joint to rest upon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING PURPOSES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd July
1866. A communication from abroad by Arthur Lewis le Gallo, of.
Paris, in the Empire of France.
1, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in. the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING PURPOSES," a communication to
me from abroad by Arthur Lewis le Gallo, of Paris, in the Empire of France,
to be as follows, that is to say -
This Invention relates to an improved construction of apparatus for the
lubrication of such portions of machinery and of other constructions as require
to have their revolving or motive parts lubricated, and consists in the employ-
ment of a helical spring in combination with a diaphragm or piston constructed
in such a manner as that the exit or flow of the lubricating material from the
reservoir shall be effected and regulated by the expansion or contraction of the
spring.
One modification of this Invention consists in so arranging on the exterior
of the apparatus a helical spring which after being expanded shall act by
contraction and consequent depression upon the piston contained in the
reservoir, and shall thus cause the flow or exit of the lubricating material

page_text: through the inferior or lower portion of the vessel to such parts as require
lubrication.
Another modification of this Invention consists in so arranging a contracted
helical spring with the reservoir and above the diaphragm or piston as that
by its expansion the diaphragm or piston shall be depressed upon the surface
of the lubricating material, and the flow or exit of the same be effected.
In order to regulate the pressure or force to be applied to the piston or
diaphragm I apply, according to the first modification herein mentioned, a
moveable or screwed nut to the upper portion of the piston rod, and upon and
in connection with the upper end of a helical spring, the lower end of the
spring being connected to the upper portion or cover of the reservoir, the
regulation of pressure being effected by the elevation or depression of the
screwed nut.
According to the second modification of this Invention the helical spring
which is contained within the reservoir or vessel and placed above the
diaphragm or piston is actuated upon by means of a screwed spindle working
through a screwed socket or collar formed in the moveable lid or upper portion
of the vessel, such-moveable-upper portion being directed and held by means
of guide rods. The screwed spindle is held in such a manner as that it may
be made to rotate without undergoing either elevation or depression, and thus
regulate the contraction or expansion of the spring, the regulation of the flow
or exit of the lubricating material being thus effected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HORSE-SHOES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sainty at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th June
1866.
I, JOHN SAINTY, of Burnham Market, in the County of Norfolk,
Agricultural Implement Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HORSE-SHOES," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel construction of shoe which will expand
with the hoof of the horse and will adhere to the hoof without the application
of nails or other like attachments. The shoe I form of angle or L-shaped
steel, bent so as to embrace and clip the hoof tightly. The sole or under
part of the shoe I slit at several parts in the line of the curve of the shoo
and also laterally from about the middle of those slits to the edge of the
sole in order to destroy the rigidity of the shoe and impart elasticity thereto,
and to the sole I rivet studs or plates, so as not to interfere with the elastio
action of the shoe, leaving the toe without either studs or plates in order to
relieve the horse of the strain now put on the muscles of the instep by reason
of the flat tread of the shoe extending from toe to heel. This arrangement
by virtually elevating the tread of the hinder part of the shoe allows for the
free natural rocking action of the foot on the ground. When I apply plates

page_text: to the tread of the shoe I propose to insert a layer of india-rubber or
equivalent elastic substance between the plates and the soles to prevent the
jarring of the connected parts, and instead of using buskins for horses fitted
with these shoes and addicted to cutting their legs, I bring up the india-rubber
layer over the side or rim of the shoe at the part required aud secure the
same with a rivet.
For applying the elastic shoe to the hoof I use a pair of plyers, which
under pressure will open or expand the shoe and hold it open until it is fitted
to the hoof. The removal of pressure from the plyers will allow the shoe to
close tightly over the hoof and retain its position thereon.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN DRILL AND OTHER BRACES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO DRILLING MACHINES AND OTHER APPARATUS FOR BORING HOLES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Varley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th March 1866.
I, JOHN VARLEY, of Bloomfield Road, Plumstead, in the County of Kent,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN DRILL AND OTHER BRACES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO
DRILLING MACHINES AND OTHER APPARATUS FOR BORING HOLES," to be as
follows:-
My improvements in braces consist in the application of mechanism to
the brace, whereby the motion communicated to the drill or other boring
instrument shall be multiplied or reduced from the motion of rotation produced
by the hand of the operator on the brace. This apparatus is interposed
between the stock and the drill or boring instrument instead of fixing the drill
at once in the stock as usual, although braces so furnished may be used in
the ordinary way if desired; it consists of a stem or spindle, which is fixed in
the stock in the ordinary manner; this stem is furnished with a disc having
a rim furnished with internal cogs or teeth. On this disc I mount one, two,
threo or more pinions on stud axes fixed to the disc, the said pinious
gearing with the teeth of the rim, which also gear at the same time with a
pinion disposed in the centre of the others (I prefer three of the first named).
This central pinion is fixed on an axis or spindle to which the boring instrument
is allixed. This spindle is fitted to rotate in a socket or sleeve piece extended
from a small box or chamber containing the toothed disc before mentioned,
the said box being supported on a like sleeve projected from its opposite side,

page_text: fitted loosely on the disc stem or spindle. The effect of this apparatus while
the brace is turned by the one hand and the box held stationary by the
other is that the motion transmitted from the toothed disc through the stud
or idle pinions is multiplied, three or four revolutions being produced for one
of the brace arm. The position of the apparatus may be reversed, so that
the speed may be reduced instead of multiplied. The same arrangement of
apparatus or improvement is applicable to ratchet braces, to drilling machines,
and other machinery for boring either iron, wood, or other material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING MACHINES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lawrence Sefton Pilkington at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th June 1866.
I, LAWRENCE SEFTON PILKINGTON, of the City of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
In a tub or vessel I place a curved grid or grate resting on spiral or other
springs, and in the upper part of the vessel there are bearings carrying a swing
frame formed at the bottom with a number of rollers hollowed or grooved
with right and left handed threads alternately, which rollers are ranged in a
curve struck from the centre of the swing frame and corresponding with the
curve of the grid, there being a spring or springs for regulating the pressure
of the swing frame. The vessel is supplied with water, and the clothes or
materials to be washed are placed between the grid and the rollers, and the
swing frame is worked to and fro by hand or motive power, and thus the
clothes or materials are effectually washed without injury.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Molineux at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th Noveniber
1866.
I, THOMAS MOLINEUX, of 37, John Dalton St., in the City of Manchester,
and County of Lancaster, Music Seller, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the back or framework
of pianofortes, technically called "bracings," and is applicable to both upright
and horizontal pianofortes. It consists in the application of T or L iron bars
(which I call "tensive bars ") to the backs of the bracings, which said bracings
are grooved or otherwise prepaired for that purpose, and the bars are secured
to the bracings by means of screws or bolts inserted at each end, or in any
other suitable manner, by which improvement a much greater amount of
strength and durability is obtained, and the number of bracings may be
reduced, or they may contain less wood than usual. The number of bracings
which I use to each upright pianoforte is five, to the second and fourth of
which I attach the aforesaid "tensive bars." The size of the bars for upright
pianofortes should be 1½ inch, and for horizontal grand pianofortes, 1 inch;
but I do not confine myself to the number of bracings, or the number or size
of the "tensive bars."
By this Invention the bracings and (what is technically called) the "wrest
plank" will maintain their original form or shape under the greatest strain,
and in any climate, for no variation of temperature which would cause the

page_text: tensive bars to expand or contract can in any way effect the bracings, and so
long as the bracings remain straight the wrest plank will remain straight also,
hence the strings will retain their tension and will keep longer in tune than
heretofore.
I would have it to be understood that I claim as my Invention the
application and use of T or L iron bars wherewith to strengthen the bracings,
and through or by them the wrest planks of pianofortes as above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PIANOFORTES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Christopher Lewis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
September 1866.
I, THOMAS CHRISTOPHER LEWIS, of Brixton, in the County of Surrey,
Pianoforte Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PIANOFORTES," to be as follows:-
The Invention will be best understood by reference to the annexed
Drawing forming part of this Provisional Specification. I would state that in
the framing and key bed of the pianoforte I make no alteration, the improve-
ment consisting in attaching the hopper B to the key A, not only by the
screw a but also by a regulating screw a', thus permitting a regulation of the
hopper of about the eighth part of an inch; C shews the hammer butt; D, the
hammer; E, brass piece carrying the centre wire of hammer butt, and F portion
of check. The dotted lines shew the position of the various parts when the
key is struck or pressed down. In action the hopper acts directly between
the key and the hammer butt, the hammer butt and hopper both carrying a
portion of the check, either of which portions may be made to regulate, or
both portions may regulate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOD CRUSHERS AND PRESS WHEEL ROLLERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Colborne Cambridge at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd September 1866.
I, WILLIAM COLBORNE CAMBRIDGE, of Bristol, in the County of Gloucester,
Agricultural Implement Maker, do hereby declare the naturo of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOD CRUSHERS AND PRESS WHEEL ROLLERS,'
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the shape, form, and construction of wheels for
clod crushers and press wheel rollers. I construct the wheels, say about
twenty-two inches in diameter, with a periphery about three inches wide, half
an inch thick in the middle, and tapered off to a quarter of an inch on each side.
On the rim are to be placed projecting points about an inch and a quarter
deep, three inches from point to point, the tops of which are to be about five-
eighths of an inch long, three-eighths wide, tapered off from each angle, the
front and back of each point to be made with a thin cutting edge. Between
each point are to be placed across the rim of the wheel other projections
about an inch and a quarter deep at the centre, and three-quarters at each
outside, one-sixteenth thick at the top, in the middle tapered off at each
outside to a thin cutting edge with a corresponding width where fixed to the
rim of the wheel. Clod crushers or rollers constructed of a number of wheels

page_text: of this kind will penetrate and break the hardest blocks, and will reduce them
to a fine pulverized state, and will also press any kind of soil fine to the roots
of plants. Every other wheel of the series should be made one inch larger in
diameter, and one inch larger in the hole than the adjoining ones, and will
produce a self-cleaning action. Wheels for clod crushers and press wheel
rollers on this principle can be made larger or smaller as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR HEATING BAKERS' OVENS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lunt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th June 1866.
I, JOHN LUNT, of Liverpool, in the County of Lanca, Corn Factor,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR HEATING BAKERS' OVENS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the heating of bakers' ovens by a fire made in that
class of fire-places known as chaffers, and consists, first, in causing or inducing
a current of air to meet the products of combustion as they are leaving or are
about to leave a chaffer; and, second, of a novel construction of chaffer. By
these means I am enabled to provide a fire which can be easily regulated so
as to give more or less heat as required, to make more complete combustion
of the fuel than has been attainable hitherto, to economize fuel, and parti-
cularly to prevent the nuisance of the escape into the air from the chimney
communicating with the chaffer of dense volumes of black smoke.
In a chaffer, according to my Invention, constructed so as to be adapted for
general use, the portions placed next the oven are made of any usual outline
and of any required size; the outer end thereof, however, is made with double
sides, so that there is an air space or combustion chamber between the the
two, and the top of the said air space is left open.
A socket for the blow pipe
is left at the lower outer end in the ordinary manner.
passes through the said blow pipe enters the chaffer
supports combustion, and part passes upwards into the air space above men-
tioned, so as to meet the products of combustion and cause ignition thereof
Part of the air which
amongst the fuel and

page_text: before they can escape into the flue or chimney. The quantity or proportion
of air allowed to pass into the air space can be controlled by a valve or damper
placed therein or at an entrance thereto, and by it any baker, under the most
varying conditions of chimney draught, can, after a few observations, readily
regulate the admission of air so as to secure the full advantages of my
improvements.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR TESTING THE INSULATION OF TELEGRAPHIC CONDUCTORS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by. Owen Rowland at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st November
1866.
I, OWEN ROWLAND, of Willis Road, Kentish Town,. in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby déclare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR TESTING THE INSULATION
OF TELEGRAPHIC CONDUCTORS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in galvanic batteries, and in
apparatus for testing the insulation of telegraphic conductors. In constructing
galvanic batteries I employ as the positive element in each cell a plate or
bar of the metal magnesium, and this plate or bar I coat with a mixture of
paraffin and wax, or other such like insulating and waterproof material,
leaving only the lower end of the plate or bar exposed. This plate or bar is
immersed in a solution of the sulphate of magnesia or other magnesian
salt. The negative element in each cell consists of a plate or bar of copper
contained in a porous cell, and immersed in a solution of a sulphate of copper.
In this manner I obtain a very constant and economical battery, or the
battery cell may be arranged in the following manner :-The magnesium
plate or bar coated as already described is surrounded by a tube of glass or
other suitable material, the lower end of which is cemented into the mouth

page_text: of a cup made of porous material; I prefer to employ parkesine so prepared
as to be sufficiently porous; this tube and cup are filled with a solution of
sulphate of magnesia. The porous cup, and the lower end of the tube, are
surrounded by a cylinder of copper, which forms the negative èlement, and is
contained within an outer vessel charged with a solution of sulphate of
copper; arrangement is made for lowering the plate or bar of magnesium as
it gradually dissolves away. When zinc is employed as the positive element
it may advantageously be coated and protected in the manner above described
in respect to magnesium. It is not essential that the negative element should
be of copper, it may, for example, be of silver, platinum, or. graphite. In
testing the insulation of telegraphic conductors I, according to my Invention,
cause the conductor, should it anywhere be exposed or imperfectly insulated,
to form the negative element of a galvanic combination. I prefer to proceed
as follows: I pass the part of the insulated conductor to be tested down
into a bath of sulphate of magnesia and through a cylinder of the metal
magnesium which fits it pretty closely; the conductor is connected with one
end of a galvanometer coil, and the magnesium cylinder with the other;
then the slighest galvanic action will be indicated by the deflection of the
galvanometer, and this deflection will indicate that the conductor is exposed
or imperfectly insulated at the point then under examination.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INK-SUPPLYING PENHOLDERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Frank Chapple at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
September 1866.
I, ARTHUR FRANK CHAPPLE, of West Brixton, in the County of Surrey,
Shorthand Writer, do bereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN INK-SUPPLYING PENHOLDERS," to be as follows:-
My. Invention consists in attaching to one end of a hollow holder a metal
frame or plate, tho outer end of which receives a nib or pen in a slide provided
for the same. This plate is made in two parts hinged together, the forward
part being loose and the inner secured to the holder, a spring abovo keeping
the parts together. Depending from the forward part of the frame is a metal
valve working in a sheath or guide which closes the end of the hollow handle.
Ink is placed in the hollow handle, which may be enamelled to prevent
corrosion, or made of a non-corrosive material, and the end is secured by a
strong screw to prevent any escape therefrom. The pen is supplied by
increasing the pressure on the paper, whereby the spring slightly yields; the
forward part of the frame rises and with it the valve, and ink flows into a
reservoir leading to the nib; on reducing the pressure the spring immediately
closes the valve, and no ink can pass until the pressure is again increased.
When the apparatus is not in use the forward part of the frame is prevented
from rising by accident or otherwise by forming a slot therein into which a
stud on the holder takes. I fit the apparatus in a case, which may contain a
brush to clean the ink holder, a case for nibs, or other requisites.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COILED IRON TUBES OR CYLINDERS USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CANNON
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Wightwick Rendel at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the
10th August 1866.
I, GEORGE WIGHTWICK RENDEL, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF COILED IRON TUBES OR CYLINDERS USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF CANNON," to be as follows:
The improvements consist in the application of rollers for the purpose of
rolling the tube or cylinder out to the exact diameter and of the accurate
thickness required, by which process the quality of the material is improved,
and a great portion of the waste incident to the ordinary mode of manufacture
avoided.
The operation is effected in a manner similar to that now in use for rolling
wheel tyres, and the power is communicated to the rollers either by the direct
application of steam or by the intervention of hydraulic power.
I first weld the coiled bar into a continuous cylinder under a steam hamner,
or by any other process now in use, after which it is to be transferred in a heated
state to the rolling apparatus. This apparatus consists of two main rollers in
connection with one or more guide rollers. The coil is put over one of these
main rollers, one or both of the bearings of which are temporarily withdrawn
to allow of this being done. The rollers are so arranged that they may be
gradually approached to each other so as to roll out the sides of the cylinder,
the circular form being maintained by the guide roller or rollers. I give

page_text: motion to the machine either by a steam engine directly applied as in an
ordinary rolling mill, or by water pressure generated by a steam engine and
accumulated by an apparatus known as an accumulator. In the latter case
the pressure would be applied either by. a hydraulic engine or by a hydraulic
press with a reciprocating action.
THE PURIFYING OF AMMONIACAL LIQUOR BY AN IMPROVED PROCESS AND THE APPLICATION OF SUCH PURIFIED AMMONIACAL LIQUOR TO THE PURIFYING OF COAL GAS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Dunbar Malam at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
June 1866.
I, GEORGE DUNBAR MALAM, of Halifax, in the County of York, Gas
Engineer to the Halifax Corporation, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "THE PURIFYING OF AMMONIACAL LIQUOR BY AN IMPROVED
PROCESS AND THE APPLICATION OF SUCH PURIFIED AMMONIACAL LIQUOR TO THE
PURIFYING OF COAL GAS," to be as follows:-
In purifying ammoniacal liquor, and employing such liquor to the purifying
of coal gas according to my Invention, I employ a "desulphurating scrubber,"
open at the top and partly filled with coke (or other substance for increasing
the circulation of air for the purpose herein-after described), a stream or
shower of ammoniacal liquor is caused to descend on the coke in the said
"desulphurating scrubber" through a "rose" or a perforated pipe or pipes.
To the interior and near the bottom of the "desulphurating scrubber I inject
or force a current of atmospheric air by means of a fan and suitable piping.
The commingling of atmospheric air with the descending ammoniacal liquor
effectually desulphurates such liquor; the ammoniacal liquor so purified is then
pumped into ordinary gas "scrubbers," and the coal gas to be purified is
forced or drawn by the "exhauster" through the purified ammoniacal liquor

page_text: contained in the "scrubber" or "scrubbers," sulphuretted hydrogen and
sulphur compounds are removed by this operation from such coal gas. It will
be seen that by the process above described I am enabled to desulphurate
ammoniacal liquor and employ such liquor to the purifying of coal gas, the
operations being performed with readiness and economy.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND CUTTERS FOR MAKING BUNGS AND TAPS FOR BARRELS AND OTHER UTENSILS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Kay Heywood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th November
1866.
I, JOHN KAY HEYWOOD, of Kilkenny, in the County of Kilkenny, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY AND CUTTERS FOR MAKING BUNGS AND TAPS FOR BARRELS AND OTHER
UTENSILS," to be as follows:-
My improvements have for their special object the simplification of machinery
for making bungs or taps. Against the spindle or face plate of an ordinary
lathe or upright drilling machine I fix a hollow block or cylinder of iron or
any suitable material, this block or cylinder I term the cutter block, it is
formed with a tail piece that fits into the driving spindle of the lathe or
drilling machine (the said spindle being hollow), whilst the outer end projects
sufficiently. far beyond the face plate or spindle, so that suitable cutters
or knives may be fixed thereto. On the said cutter block or cylinder I fix
four cutters or knives by means of screws, inside of the cutter block or
yclinder I place a spring, which rests against the bottom of the cutter block,
whilst on the upper side of the said spring I fix a spindle or mandrel, the outer
end of which projects to the front of the cutters, by this means the bung or
tap is delivered after being cut without stopping the machine. The cutters
are adjusted with iron packing or screws to suit any size of bung or tap.
The mode of operation is this:-The lathe or drilling machine having been put

page_text: in motion the cutters or knives revolve at a rapid rate; I take an ordinary
cask shive, press it against the spindle, which rests on the top of the spring,
until the shive comes in contact with the cutters or knives, by which the bung
or tap is rapidly cut out of the shive and afterwards discharged from the cutter
block by the recoil of the spring.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING DUTCH CARPETS BY POWER, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUCH FABRICS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Hemingway at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
June 1866.
I, EDWARD HEMINGWAY, of Brooklyn Mills, Mirfield, in the County of
York, Carpet Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING DUTCH CARPETS BY
POWER, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUCH FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, firstly, in constructing and arranging looms, to be
driven by power, for weaving Dutch carpets in such manner that two beats
up or two strokes of the lathe or batten will be given at each pick of weft,
which is effected by having the gear wheels (by which motion is communi-
cated from the crank shaft to the tappet shaft or the shaft which gives
motion to the picking arms) made in the proportion of one to four, or so that
for one revolution of the tappet shaft there will be four revolutions of the
crank shaft, therefore for each pick of the shuttle from each end of the
loom respectively there will be two beats up or strokes of the lathe or
batten.
Secondly, by means of the first part of my Invention, and the employment
of wide looms, I am enabled to weave such carpets in wider widths and of
better quality than has heretofore been produced; also to facilitate the pro-
duction and avoid the joining together of narrow fabrics, thereby improving
the manufacture, and also reducing the costs thereof.