IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHEAVES AND SHELLS FOR BLOCKS, AND OP BOLT-RINGS OR WASHERS, FOR THE PURPOSES OF SHIPWRIGHTS AND ENGINEERS
Year: 1844

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
WILLIAM LENOX and JOHN JONES, of Billiter Square, in the City of London,
Merchants, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Tenth day of April, in the seventh year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said George
William Lenox and John Jones, Her especial licence, full power, sole privi-
lege and authority, that we, the said George William Lenox and John Jones,
our exors, admiors, and assigns, or such others as we, the said George William
Lenox and John Jones, our exors, admors, or assigns, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF SHEAVES AND SHELLS FOR BLOCKS, AND OP BOLT-RINGS OR WASHERS, FOR THE
PURPOSES OF SHIPWRIGHTS AND ENGINEERS;" in which said Letters Patent is
contained a proviso, that we, the said George William Lenox and John
Jones, or one of us, shall cause a particular description of the nature of our
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled
in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent,

page_text: as i and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
George William Lenox and John Jones, do hereby declare that the nature of
our said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed,
are fully described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the figures and
letters marked thereon (that is to say)
Our Invention consists, first, of forming the sheaves and shells of blocks of
malleable cast iron; and, secondly, of forming bolt-rings or washers, for ship-
wright and engineering purposes, of malleable cast iron.
And in order that our Invention may be fully understood, and readily
carried into effect, we will proceed to describe the means pursued by us.
It is well known to persons acquainted with malleable cast iron, that when
articles are made therefrom, and annealed, that great strength and toughness
may be obtained, and owing to the facility of casting such metal, articles made
therefrom may be obtained comparatively cheap, when considered with refe
rence to the advantages offered. And we have discovered, by a series of
experiments, that sheaves of blocks, and also the shells of blocks, may be made
with great advantage of malleable cast iron. And we have also found, that
bolt-rings or washers, for engineering and shipwright purposes, may be made
of malleable cast iron with advantage. In making sheaves for blocks, and
also the shells for blocks, of metal, it is important that the same should be
made with lightness, and this may be done, owing to the great toughness and
strength offered by malleable cast iron, when properly annealed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 represents an edge view, Figure 2 a side view, and Figure 3 a
transverse section, of a double block made according to our Invention; Figure
4 shews a side view, and Figure 5 an edge view, of the shell of a single
block; Figure 6 shews an edge view, Figure 7 a side view, and Figure 8 a
section, of a sheave made according to our Invention; and Figure 9, another
side view of a sheave, shewing it with a bushing of brass, which we sometimes
use. In each of these Figures the same letters are used to indicate similar
parts, and such is the case with the detached views of the parts shewn in the
Drawing. a, a, is the shell of a block, which is made by casting malleable
cast iron into the shape desired. The Drawing shews the form of the parts
in what we believe to be the best construction, in order to obtain strength with
lightness. At the same time we would remark, that we do not confine our-

page_text: selves to the shapes shewn, as they may be varied without departing from our
Invention, so long as the shells are made of malleable cast iron, and properly
annealed; 6 is the hook, which is retained in its place at the upper part of
the block, by means of the screw and nut c, which nut is secured by means of
the pin d, the hook being capable of turning freely; e is the pin or axis for the
sheaves for the block, shewn at Figures 1, 2, and 3; the pin or axis for the
block, Figures 4 and 5, is not shewn, it will be similar to that at Figures 1, 2,
and 3, but shorter. The pin or axis has at one end a head, and at the other
end a screw, which receives a nut f, as is shewn, the end of the pin being upset;
or in place thereof, that end may be upset to form a second head, when
the pin or axis has been passed through the block. The pin or axis we prefer
to make of iron case-hardened. g is the sheave, which is hollow, and cast as
light as possible as will readily be understood on examining the Drawing, and
we believe that the form shewn to be the best for obtaining strength and light-
ness when malleable cast iron is used for such purposes, at the same time we
do not confine ourselves thereto. Figure 10 shews an edge view and plan of
a washer or bolt-ring, suitable for shipwrights' and engineers' purposes, which
is formed by casting of malleable cast iron, by which strength with cheapness
of manufacture may be obtained, when making this article.
In carrying out our Invention, we cast the shells, and also the sheaves of
blocks in the ordinary way of casting articles of malleable cast iron, taking
care, in forming the moulds, to observe great accuracy in their construction,
and such is the case in casting the bolt-rings or washers; and having made the
castings of malleable cast iron, they are to be annealed in the ordinary manner
of other articles of malleable cast iron, and as is well understood by persons
engaged in manufactures where malleable cast iron is used; and we believe
that the best means of annealing such shells and sheaves of blocks, and rings
or washers, is to pack them into an annealing vessel, surrounding such articles
on all sides with Cumberland or Lancashire iron ore, as is well understood,
and submitting the articles to a red heat till properly annealed, and when the
same are cooled.down, they will be found tough and strong.
We prefer that the blocks thus made should be coated with zinc; as, is well
understood when coating other articles with zinc.
The parts are to be put together, taking care that the sheaves fit the axis or
pin accurately, yet so as to turn freely therein.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the best means we
are acquainted with for performing the same, we would remark, that by the
making of sheaves and shells of blocks, and also bolt-rings or washers, of
malleable cast iron, we are enabled to take advantage of the facilities of

page_text: manufacture offered by casting, thus obtaining such articles of metal in the
cheapest manner, at the same time such metal blocks will, for their strength,
be very light, and we believe it will be found that the new manufacture of
blocks thus obtained will offer many advantages over those heretofore used.
We would wish it to be understood that what we claim is,-
First, the mode of manufacturing sheaves and shells of blocks, by employing
malleable cast iron.
And, secondly, we claim the mode of manufacturing bolt-rings or washers
for shipwrights' and engineers' purposes.
In witness whereof, I, the said George William Lenox, have hereunto set
mr hond