AN IMPROVED: ARRANGEMENT OF DRIVING GEAR
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Kennedy and
James Armstrong at the Office. of the Commissioners of Patents, with.
their Petition, on the 4th December 1861.
We, ROBERT KENNEDY and JAMES ARMSTRONG, both of Lisburn, in the
Kingdom of Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED: ARRANGEMENT OF DRIVING GEAR," to be as follows:-
:
The object of this: Invention is to prevent what is known to engineers; as
back lash, which is a movement creating great wear and tear in bevil and
spur gearing. To remedy this inconvenience, we apply to the spindles' of the
bevil or spur gearing. fast pullies; around which run driving straps, which pass
from oneipulley to another; by: this means a series of spindles and gearing.
may be bound together; and effectually prevented from overrunning, which is
the principal cause of back lash: The pullies may be of equal or differents
sizes, as may be deemed expedient, and the manner of their application must
5 conform, to circumstances. _
.:.:
When adapting thei Invention to millstones driven by the ordinary kind of
gearing; we pass a belt from a pulley on the spindle of the first-driven. pair.

page_text: over a double pulley on the spindle of the second pair, and so on in like
manner we couple the spindles of all the running stones. We then carry a
strap to a pulley on an upright shaft or other gearing, on which (if necessary)
a fly wheel to balance motion is put.
For spur gearing, an additional wheel, of any size convenient, is geared into
the driving wheel, and on the opposite side to that where the driven wheel is
placed. On the shaft of this additional wheel a pulley is fixed to receive a
belt, which passes to a pulley on the driven shaft; this pulley, on the driven
shaft being made the least thing larger than the speed required, keeps the
cogs of the additional wheel close up to those of the driving wheel, and thus
leaves no room for back lasb, the belt acting as a break without loss of
power.
For bevil gearing generally a pulley is keyed to the driving shaft, from
which a belt passes over guide pullies to a pulley of the required size on the
upright or driven shaft. This pulley acts as a break, on the same principle
as the spur gearing.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Robert Kennedy and James Armstrong in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 4th June 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ROBERT
KENNEDY and JAMES ARMSTRONG, both of Lisburn, in the Kingdom of Ireland,
send greeting.
"WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of December, in the year of our Lord.
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Robert Kennedy and James Armstrong, Her special license that we,"
the said Robert Kennedy and James Armstrong, our executors, adminis
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Robert Kennedy and
-James-Armstrong,-our-executors, administrators,-and-assigns,-should-at-any-
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IM-
PROVED ARRANGEMENT OF DRIVING GEAR," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said Robert Kennedy and James Armstrong, by an instrument

page_text: in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one
of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE; that we, the said Robert Kennedy and. James
Armstrong, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the. Drawing
hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is
to say:
The object of this Invention of "An Improved Arrangement of Driving
Gear," is to prevent what is known to engineers as "back lash," which is a
movement creating great wear and tear. in bevil and spur gearing. To remedy
this inconvenience; we apply to the spindles of the bevil or spur gearing fast
pulleys, around which run driving straps; which pass from one pulley. to
another; by this means a series of spindles and gearing may be bound
together, and effectually prevented from overrunning, which is the principal
cause of "backlash.". The pulleys may be of equal or different sizes, as may
be. deemed expedient, and the manner of their application must conform to
circumstances.
When adapting the Invention to millstones driven by ordinary kind of
gearing, we pass. a belt from a pulley on the spindle of the first driven pair.
over a double pulley on the spindle of the second pair, and so on in like
manner we couple the spindles of all the remaining stones. We carry a strap
to a pulley on an upright shaft or other gearing, on which (if necessary) a fly
wheel to balance motion is mounted.
For spur gearing, an additional wheel of any convenient size is geared into
the driving wheel, and on the opposite side to that where the driven wheel is
placed. On the shaft of this additional wheel is a pulley arranged to receive
a belt, which passes to a pulley on the driven shaft; this pulley on the driven
shaft being made the least thing, larger than the speed required, keeps the
cogs of the additional wheel close. up to those of the driving wheel, and no
room is left for back lash, the belt around the two pullies acting as a break
without loss of power....
For bevil gearing generally, a pulley is keyed to the driving shaft, from
which a belt passes over guide pullies to a pulley of the required size on the
upright or driven shaft. This pulley acts as a break, on the same principle as
the spur gearing...

page_text: :
In the accompanying. Drawing we have shewn different modes of carrying
out the Invention.
3
In Fig. 1, A is a large spur driving wheel mounted on the driving shaft B,
and into which gear the two. driven wheels C and D. On the respective axles
of these wheels are. two pullies C and D, round which passes the driving
band E, whereby the two pullies are made to run together. One of the
pullies being very slightly larger than the other, the effect of the combination
shewn in the Drawing will be that the teeth of the driven wheels will be kept
in contact with the teeth of the driver, and there will be no back lash.:
.
Fig. 2 is an elevation representing the Invention as adapted to mill gearing
for grinding corn. B is the driving shaft, and A the spur wheel, -shewn in
Fig. 1, which actuates the toothed wheel D, and also a supplementary toothed
wheel C. The pulley C¹ on the axle of the upper or supplementary wheel
being a trifle.smaller than the pulley D¹ of the. lower wheel D, the teeth of
the latter will always be kept in contact with the teeth of the spur wheel A,
and all back lash at this part of the machinery will be. prevented: On the
axle or shaft D2 of the lower wheel are mounted: the bevil tooth wheels. F, F¹,
whereby the, runners of the. mills G, G, are actuated. In order to: drive
these latter at uniform speed, and prevent back lash at this .part. of the
machinery, a pair of pullies H, H, and H', H', are mounted on the vertical
shafts or spindles of the runners. A band I, which passes round a pulley, I'
on the shaft D, and over a guide pulley, J, and, round one of the pullies, H,
assists in driving the runner of the mill G. Another band, from the other
pulley H passes round one of the pullies, H¹ on the spindle of the, runner of
the mill G, and assists in driving the same. By means of these bands and
pullies all back lash, throughout the train, of wheels to which they are applied
is prevented.
Although in the accompanying Drawing, we have only shewn our Invention
as adapted, to, milk gearing, we would remark, that, it is, equally applicable_to
other machinery, in which." back lash" is found to give rise to inconvenience.
We, do, not therefore mean to confine ourselves to. the. application or arrange
iment shewn, but propose to adapt. the Invention to any machinery in which
it may be found useful; it will therefore, be evident, that the particular, mode
of adapting the, Invention, to certain arrangements, of machinery, must. neces-.
sarily vary in some particulars, and must in some measure depend upon, the
varying, circumstances of the case.
Having now described, our Invention of "An Improved. Arrangement of
Driving Gear," and explained the manner of carrying, the same into, effect,
we wish it to be understood that, under the above in part recited Letters.

page_text: Patent, we claim the adaptation to toothed gearing of pullies and bands.for
the purpose of preventing "back lash," as herein set forth..
In witness whereof, we, the said Robert Kennedy and James Armstrong,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, the Thirtieth day of May, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
Witness present,
THOMAS CONN.
ROBERT KENNEDY. (L.S.)
JAMES ARMSTRONG. (L.S.)