IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR IGNITING GAS AND OTHER INFLAMABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1884

page_text: I JAMES GRIEVE LORRAIN of 37 Brooke Street, in the City of London Electrical
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR IGNITING GAS AND OTHER INFLAMABLE SUBSTANCES to be as
follows:-
My invention consists in apparatus for the ignition of gas vapour and other
combustible matter and comprises a form of continuous electrophoros or influence
or convection induction machine mechanical means for actuating the same and
applications to the containing case for insulating its surfaces and for rendering its
outer surface luminous.
In carrying my invention into effect I may employ two or more discs cylinders
plates or masses of insulating material to which I may attach thin plates or sheets of
metal or of metal foil to serve as arinatures inductors and carriers or the discs cylinders
plates or masses may be of metal or other conducting material part or parts of
which are coated or covered with an insulating varnish or layer of insulating
material or have insulating plates attached to them. Suitable contact springs and
collectors may be employed. The discs cylinders plates or masses may be made to
rotate relatively to one another one or more being fixed and one or more noveable
and when desired in opposite directions. I may mount the revolving part or parts
of the continuous electrophoros or influence or convection induction machine
hereinafter called the generator upon an axle upon which I may place a pinion.
This pinion may be rotated by a spur wheel which may project outside the external
casing of the apparatus in such a manner that it may be rotated by the thumb or
hand of the person using it. Or the pinion itself may so project as to be so rotated
in which case cheeks or connecting devices may be employed to connect the parts
of the apparatus surrounding the axle which are on either side of the pinion.
An intermediate clockwork or other mechanism may be employed for obtaining
greater acceleration of the revolving part or parts of the generator.
Or the parts mounted on the revolving axle may be caused to rotate continuously
in the same direction by means of a mangle motion with or without intermediate
multiplying or transmitting mechanism actuated by a rod passing through the
casing of the apparatus or otherwise. The mangle motion may be used in
conjunction with a spring or other suitable device for reciprocating its movement
[Price 6d.1

page_text: when released from the initial pressure applied. It may also be used in connection
with a spring or springs or their equivalent for moving it laterally when at each
end of its course and the connecting rod or shank passing through the casing may
be jointed either at its end or at an intermediate part or it may be flexible to such
an extent and in such direction as to render a joint unnecessary. Or the rotation
of the revolving part of the generator may be accomplished by means of a crank
and crank rod (which latter may be jointed) with or without multiplying or
transmitting mechanism or gearing. In this case a spring or springs or other
equivalent device or devices may be employed to reciprocate the motion or to
carry the mechanism over its dead points. Instead of having a joint on the crank
rod it may be flexible to such an extent and in such direction as to render a joint
unnecessary. Or the rotation of the revolving part of the generator may be
accomplished by means of an eccentric and strap and rod (which latter may be
jointed) with or without multiplying or transmitting mechanism or gearing. In
this case a spring or springs or other equivalent device or devices may be employed
to reciprocate the motion and another spring or springs or equivalent device or
devices to carry the mechanism over its dead points. Instead of having a joint on
the eccentric rod it may be flexible to such an extent and in such direction as to
render a joint unnecessary. Or the rotation of the revolving part of the generator
may be caused by the working of an arc-shaped or curved rack on a pinion with or
without intermediate transmitting or multiplying mechanism or gearing.
The arc shaped or curved rack may be actuated by a lever or other suitable
device and a spring or its equivalent may be employed for reciprocating it and a
suitable device for withdrawing the rack from the pinion or the pinion from the
rack on reciprocating or returning.
Or the revolving parts or part of the generator may be caused to rotate by means
of a worm or screw actuating a pinion or actuated by or actuating another worm
or screw or rack which may be straight or curved and this with or without
intermediate multiplying or transmitting mechanism or gearing.
Or I may rotate the revolving part of the generator by a device consisting of a
wheel disc or cylinder with a pin projecting from one part of it at right angles to
its plane of revolution the said pin moving in a slotted bar fixed at right angles to
another bar or rod which may pass through the external casing of the apparatus.
Or I may cause the revolving part of the generator to be rotated by means of a rod
which by a bent part or by a tooth or projecting pin or knob works in a spiral
or other shaped groove cut in a cylinder or disc or plate and with or without
intermediate transmitting or multiplying mechanism. A modification of this
device is a slide nut which may be in connection with a rod or tube passing to the
exterior of the casing working on a screw and causing it to be revolved as in what
are known as archimedian drills.
The screw on which the slide nut works may be a part or continuation of the
axle of the revolving part of the mechanisın. The movement of the slide nut
along the screw will cause the latter to revolve. Similarly the revolving part of
the generator may be suitably attached to the nut and the screw caused to travel
longitudinally in such manner as to rotate the nut.
In place of using gearing I may employ belts cords chains or other forms of
transmitting wrappings or I may use trundles or pin wheels or friction wheels discs
cylinders cones or clutches. Inside gearing may be employed when desired instead
of outside gearing and the wheels may revolve between fixed guides or rollers.
When it is desired that one or more of the parts of the mechanism should revolve
in a plane inclined to the plane or planes of revolution of another part or parts I
may employ verge or crown wheels bevil wheels universal joints crossed transmitting
wrappings cross pinned trundles or wheels or other similar devices.
When I employ belts cords chains or other forms of transmitting wrappings I
may use intermediate pulleys or wheels etcetera either for the purpose of diverting
the line of action of the wrapping or to act as guides or supports. In the cases
where the mechanism is actuated by a rod tube or similar device passing through

page_text: the outer casing the said rod tube or similar devico may end in a push knob or in
a loop hook ring or tube or other device in which the thumb or a finger may be
inserted so that the rod may be pulled out as well as pressed in. I may load any
part of the apparatus so as to act as a fly wheel or accumulator of mechanical
energy or I may mount a separate fly wheel on the axle or other revolving part.
I may coat the whole or any desired part of the external casing, of my apparatus
with luminous paint or with an insulating varnish. I may also coat the whole or
part or parts of the inside of the casing with an insulating varnish. I may line
any part of the casing internally with an absorbent material which may be
impregnated with a drying reagent and if desired this lining may be made
removeable and replaceable. My apparatus may be provided with a spire and I
may adopt a means of regulating the distance between the sparking points by any
suitable device for example by making the upper sparking point the continuation
of a screw passing through the top of the spire. The head of this screw may be
milled or have a slot to fit the edge of a screwdriver so as to be readily turned and
so adjust the distance between the sparking points. The lower sparking point
which in most cases would be a continuation of a conductor passing up inside the
spire might be similarly adjustable.
רי

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I, JAMES GRIEVE LORRAIN, of 37 Brooke Street, in the City of London,
Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING GAS AND OTHER INFLAMMABLE SUBSTANCES
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention consists in apparatus for the ignition of gas, or other easily ignited
combustible matter, comprising a form of continuous electrophoros or convection
induction or influence machine or other form of electrostatic generator, mechanical
means for actuating the same, and applications to the containing case for insulating
its surface.
In carrying my invention into effect I employ two or more discs, cylinders,
plates or other conveniently shaped masses of insulating material, to which I attach
thin plates or sheets of metal or of metal foil or other suitable material but
preferably copper or silver foil, to serve as armatures, inductors and carriers.
Suitable contact springs and collectors may be employed.
The discs, cylinders, plates or other conveniently shaped masses may be made to
rotate relatively to one another, one or more being fixed, and one or more moveable,
or all moveable, and when desired in opposite directions.
I may mount the revolving part or parts of the continuous electrophoros or
influence or convection induction machine or other form of electrostatic generator,
hereinafter called the generator, upon an axle, upon which I may place a pinion.
This pinion may be rotated by a spur wheel which may project outside the external
casing of the apparatus in such manner that it may be rotated by the thumb or
hand of the person using it. Or the pinion itself may be so extended as to project
all round in such manner that it may be rotated in which case cheeks, or connecting
devices, may be employed to connect the parts of the casing which are on either
side of the said pinion. An intermediate clockwork or other mechanism may be
employed for obtaining greater acceleration of the revolving part or parts of the
generator. Figs 1 2 & 3 illustrate the arrangements just mentioned.
In Fig 1a is the external case, a¹ the spire, and e part of the spur wheel
projecting from a so as to be rotated by the thumb or other part of the hand.
Fig 2 is a vertical section of Fig 1 on the line xy showing the gearing of the
spur wheel with the pinion d. The spindle c on which d is mounted bears the
revolving part of the generator, f is a fixed disc to support and form a bearing for
the spindle.
Fig 3 is a side elevation of Fig 1 partly in longitudinal section, the lettering
corresponding with that in Figs and 2, 6 is the revolving part of the gene-
rator. In this case it is a cylinder and it may bear either the inductors or the
armatures,

page_text: Fig 4 illustrates the case in which d is extended into the enlarged wheel d*
so as to protrude from the external casing all round, the parts a a of the appa-
ratus on each side of the pinion being connected together as shown by checks or
brackets a².
Or the parts mounted on the revolving axle may be caused to rotate continuously
in the same direction by means of a mangle motion actuated by a rod or its
equivalent passing through the casing of the apparatus. The mangle motion may
be used in conjunction with a spring or springs or other suitable device or devices
for reciprocating its movement when released from the initial pressure applied. It
may also be used in connection with a spring or springs or their equivalent or
equivalents for moving it laterally when at each end of its course, and the connecting
rod or shank passing through the casing may be jointed either at its end or at an
intermediate part, or it may be flexible to such an extent and in such direction as
to render a joint unnecessary. Or, instead of employing a joint, I may use a pin
moving in a slot as shown in Fig 5, wherein the arrangement is shown so as to be
readily understood. In this Fig h is the rod or push passing through the external
casing, g the mangle frame with internal teeth, and d the pinion gearing with these
teeth, and h* are the pin and slot, ii springs for reciprocating the movement of g
(these springs may be placed at an angle as shown in the drawing so as not only to
reciprocate the movement of the mangle frame but also to move it laterally when
at one end of its course). j is a spring for moving the mangle frame laterally when
at the other end of its course. It will be readily understood that multiplying or
accelerating mechanism may be added.
Or the rotation of the revolving part of the generator may be accomplished by
means of a crank and crank rod, which latter may be jointed, with or without
inultiplying or transmitting mechanism or gearing. In this case a spring or springs
or other equivalent device or devices may be employed to reciprocate the motion or
to carry the mechanism over its dead points. Instead of having a joint on the crank
rod it may be flexible to such an extent and in such direction as to render a joint
unnecessary. It will be readily understood that a flat spring placed with its plane
at right angles to the plane of revolution of the crank will not only render a joint
unnecessary but will serve to carry the crank over its dead points. It is unnecessary
to illustrate this arrangement by drawings.
Or the rotation of the revolving part of the generator may be accomplished by
means of an eccentric and strap and rod which latter may be jointed with or
without multiplying or transmitting mechanism or gearing. In this case a spring
or springs or other equivalent device or devices may be employed to reciprocate the
motion, and another spring or springs or equivalent device or devices to carry the
mechanism over its dead points. Instead of having a joint on the eccentric rod it
may be flexible to such an extent and in such direction as to render a joint
unnecessary, the arrangement being the same as the case last herein before mentioned.
I do not find that this arrangement of eccentric and strap & rod works very
satisfactorily in practice the power required to produce rotation being very great.
Or the rotation of the revolving part or parts of the generator may be caused by
the working of an arc-shaped or curved rack on a pinion with or without inter-
mediate transmitting or multiplying mechanism or gearing. The arc-shaped or
curved rack may be actuated by a lever or other suitable device and a spring
or springs or the equivalent or equivalents may be employed for reciprocating it
and also for withdrawing the rack from the pinion or the pinion from the rack on
reciprocating or returning.
This arrangement is shown in figs 6 and 6 of which the latter is a section on the
line kis the arc-shaped or toothed rack, in this case segmental, which in its
ordinary position is held out of gear with the pinion d by means of the spring 1;
kis a lever and finger piece for k; is the pivot on which k turns; is a slot in
which slides thus allowing the rack to be put in and out of gear with d. When k¹
is drawn by the finger towards the handle a slight forward movement is given to it
causing the pivot to slide forward and bring the rack into gear with d. On h

page_text: being released the spring moves the rack out of gear and the spring i draws it
back to its initial position.
Or instead of employing a spring or other equivalent device for withdrawing the
rack from the pinion or the pinion from the rack the latter may be withdrawn
laterally during reciprocation from the pinion by a sido movement given by the
hand to the lever connected or integral with the said rack.
Or the revolving part or parts of the generator may be caused to rotate by
means of a worm or screw actuating a pinion or actuated by or actuating another
worm or screw or rack which may be either straight or curved and this with or
without intermediate multiplying or transmitting mechanism or gearing. This
arrangement will be readily understood without reference to drawings.
Or I may rotate the revolving part of the generator by a device consisting of a
wheel disc or cylinder with a pin projecting from one part of it at right angles to
its plane of revolution; The said pin moving in a slotted bar fixed at right angles
to another bar or rod which may pass through the external casing of the apparatus.
If desired this bar may be jointed or slotted to receive the pin.. This arrangement
is shown in Fig 7 wherein m is the disc with its projecting pin m¹ working in the
slotted barn with its rod or push h. o o are guides for the bar n. The teeth or
projections m*m* work in conjunction with the spring pawl p and prevent the
dise from remaining at its dead centres. ii are springs for reciprocating the
movement of the slotted bar. In conjunction with this device multiplying or
transmitting mechanism may be employed.
Or I may cause the revolving part of the generator to be rotated by means of a
rod which by a bent part, or by a tooth or projecting pin or knob works in a
spiral, sinuous or other shaped groove cut in a cylinder or disc or plate and with
or without intermediate transmitting or multiplying mechanism. One modification
of this device is a slide nut which may be in connection with a rod or tube, passing
to the exterior of the casing, working on a screw and causing it to be revolved
as in what are known as Archimedian drills. The screw on which the slide nut
works may be a part or continuation of the axle of the revolving part of the
mechanism. The movement of the slide nut along the screw will cause the latter
to revolve. This arrangement is shown in Fig 8 wherein q is the screw and q¹ the
nut which slides up and down as q* which is connected with the said nut is pushed
in or reciprocated causing q to revolve. The nut and pin, which runs in the
grooves of the screw on reciprocating, return by a quick return groove across the
other grooves of the screw thus preventing backward movement of the revolving
parts. rr are curved finger pieces. In the generating portion of this figure b¹ is
a moveable disc rotated by the spindle or screw 9 and 6* a fixed disc. These
discs b¹ and b* are provided with armatures and inductors in a manner well under-
stood. t is a lining of absorbent material. a*a* are the ends of the cylinder a.
ii are the reciprocating springs. Similarly the revolving part of the generator
may be suitably attached to the nut and the screw caused to travel longitudinally
in such manner as to rotate the nut. This arrangement is shown in Fig 9 wherein s
is the moveable screw working through the nut q' which is made to rotate as the
push q* is sent inwards. The same quick return groove is used here as in Fig 8 to
prevent backward rotation of the nut carrying the disc on the push being
reciprocated at the end of its inward movement by the springs . i. The push q*
and screws have guides o¹ o¹.
In place of using gearing I may employ for fulfilling the same purpose belts
cords chains or other forms of transmitting wrappings; or 1 may use trundles or
pin-wheels, or friction wheels discs cylinders cones or clutches for this purpose.
Inside gearing may be employed when desired instead of outside gearing; and the
wheels may revolve between fixed guides or rollers. All these devices will be
readily understood without reference to drawings.
When it is desired that one or more of the parts of the mechanism should
revolve in a plane inclined to or at an angle with the plane or planes of revolution
of another part or parts I may employ-verge or crown wheels, bevil wheels,
17

page_text: universal joints, crossed transmitting wrappings, cross pinned trundles or wheels,
which devices will be readily understood without illustration.
Where I employ belts cords chains or other forms of transmitting wrappings
I may use intermediate pulleys or wheels either for the purpose of diverting the
line of action of the wrapping, or to act as guides or supports, as will be readily
understood without illustration.
In the cases where the mechanism is actuated by a rod tube or other equivalent
device passing through the outer casing, the said rod tube or equivalent device may
end in a loop, hook, ting, or tube in which the thumb or finger may be inserted,
so that the rod or its equivalent may be pulled out as well as pressed in. These
devices will be readily understood without reference to drawings.
I may load any revolving part of the apparatus so as to act as a flywheel or
accumulator of mechanical energy; or I may mount a separate flywheel on the
axle or other revolving part so as to continue the rotation and consequently the
conversion of mechanical into electrical energy after the impelling power has been
withdrawn.
I may coat the whole or any desired part of the external casing of my apparatus
with an insulating varnish. I may also coat the whole or part or parts of the
inside of the casing with an insulating varnish.
I may line any part of the casing internally with an absorbent material, which
may be impregnated with a drying reagent: and if desired this lining, which has
been referred to in the description of Fig 8 and illustrated in the said Figure, may
be made removeable and replaceable.
In all the Figures in the drawings corresponding parts are similarly lettered.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. In a portable Electric Igniting Apparatus the combination of a mechanically
rotated electrostatic generator and a projecting spur wheel substantially as described
and as illustrated in Figs 1, 2 and 3.
2. In a portable Electric Igniting Apparatus the combination of a mechanically
rotated electrostatic generator and an extended pinion substantially as described
and illustrated in Fig 4.
3. In a portable Electric Igniting Apparatus the combination of a mechanically
rotated electrostatic generator and a mangle motion substantially as described and
as illustrated in Fig 5.
4. In a portable Electric Igniting Apparatus the combination of a mechanically
rotated electrostatic generator and a crank and crank rod substantially as
described.
5. In a portable Electric Igniting Apparatus the combination of a mechanically
rotated electrostatic generator and an eccentric and strap substantially as described.
G. In a portable Electric Igniting Apparatus the combination of a mechanically
rotated electrostatic generator and an arc-shaped or curved rack substantially as
described and as illustrated in Figs 6 and 6º.
7. In a portable Electric Igniting Apparatus the combination of a mechanically
rotated electrostatic generator and a worm or screw actuating a pinion or actuated
by or actuating another worm or screw or rack substantially as described.
8. In a portable Electric Igniting Apparatus the combination of a mechanically
rotated electrostatic generator and a pin and slot arrangement substantially as
described and as illustrated in Fig 7.
9. In a portable Electric Igniting Apparatus the combination of a mechanically
rotated electrostatic generator and a pin and groove or screw and nut arrangement
substantially as described and substantially as illustrated in Figs 8 and 9.
10. In a portable Electric Igniting Apparatus the combination of a mechanically
rotated electrostatic generator and a flexible actuating rod passing through the
outer casing substantially as and for the purpose specified.

page_text: 11. In a portable Electric Igniting Apparatus the combination of a mechanically
rotated electrostatic generator and an actuating rod or tube ending in a loop hook
ring or tube substantially as and for the purpose described.
12. In a portable Electric Igniting Apparatus the combination of a mechanically
rotated electrostatic generator and a separate flywheel substantially as and for the
purpose specified.