IMPROVEMENTS IN Looms FOB WEAVING
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Bullough, of Blackburn, in the County of
Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN Looms FOB
WEAVING."
Sealed the 29th July 1870, and dated the 1st February 1870.
.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Bullough at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 1st February 1870.
I, JAMES BULLOUGH, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to looms having two or more shuttles for
weaving checks, stripes, or fancy patterns, and consists in an improved
mode of shifting the shuttles according to the pattern. The boxes
which contain the shuttles are placed horizontally on the slay and
moved in one direction by a strong spring and in the other direction by
hooks coming in contact with projections on the boxes when the slay is
moving forwards. The boxes are kept in position by spring pins

page_text: entering into holes in the boxes, and when the pins are removed from
the holes the boxes are free to be moved in either direction, and the
movements are regulated by projections or pins on a pattern cylinder or
lattice put in revolving or travelling motion by means of a ratchet
wheel turned by a catch on the ordinary stop rod, and on the pattern.
cylinder or lattice, there are other projections for catching the hooks
and giving backward movement to the boxes when the slay is moving
forwards. When the boxes are in their backward position a projection
acts on a lever and causes the spring pins to be drawn from the holes in
the boxes, and the strong spring brings forwards the boxes where they
are held again by the spring pins, and when the next backward change
has to be given a projection first removes the spring pins and then
another projection raises the hooks to cause them to pull back the boxes
as the slay comes forward.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Bullough in the Great Scal Patent Offico
on the 30th July 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
BULLOUGH, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said James Bullough, Her special licence
that I, the said James Bullough, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said James Bullough, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James
Bullough, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and

page_text: in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Bullough, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Figures on the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters of reference marked
thereon (that is to say) :-
°
This Invention relates to looms having two or more shuttles for
weaving checks, stripes, or fancy patterns, and consists in an improved
mode of shifting the shuttles according to the pattern. The boxes which
contain the shuttles are placed horizontally on the slay, and moved in one
direction by a strong spring, and in the other direction by hooks coming
in contact with projections connected with the boxes when the slay is
moving forwards. The boxes are kept in position by spring pins entering
holes in the box frame, and when the pins are removed from the holes the
boxes are free to be moved in either direction, the movements being regu-
lated by projections or pins on a pattern cylinder or lattice put in revolving
or travelling motion by a ratchet wheel turned by a catch worked from
the crank shaft or stop rod of the loom. When the boxes are in their
backward position and are required to be moved forwards a projection or
pin acts on a lever to cause the spring pins to be drawn from the holes
and the strong spring brings forward the boxes where they are again held
by the spring pins, and when the next backward change has to be given
a projection or pin first removes the spring pins, and then another pro-
jection or pin or another part of the same projection raises the hooks
to cause them to pull back the boxes as the slay comes forward.
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, Figs. 1 and 2 are end
elevations with parts in section; Fig. 3 a longitudinal elevation, and
Fig. 4 a plan of part of the framework and other parts of a loom
provided with one arrangement of my improvements.
a represents one of the end frames of the loom in whole or in part;
b, the crank shaft; c, the tappet shaft; d, one of the sword arms; and e,
the slay or batten. The boxes f, g, adapted for two shuttles h, i, arə
fixed to tho box frame j placed horizontally on the slay e, there being
in the boxes ordinary springs for keeping the shuttles steady, and at the
front of the box ŋ there is a loop & encasing one end of a spring a hell

page_text: the
at its other end by a bolt to the bracket n fixed to the front of the slay,
and at the back of the box frame there are plates or projections o
extending downwards. To the back of the slay are fixed brackets p to
which are bolted one end of flat springs & fastened at their other ends to
a bar r having in the middle a slotted arm & projecting downwards, and i
on the springs there are pins which can enter holes t in the ends
of the box frame j. To the bottom of the slay is hinged a two-armed
lever u, v, the arm v being passed through the slot in the arm s,
and the arm & carrying a knuckle jointed finger or projection u, below
which there is a lever x loose on a pin y bolted to the bracket
fixed to the end frame a, and on this stud there is a three-armed
lever a, b, c, the arms a³, c', having turned up ends & to act as hooks,
and the arm & projecting forwards, and both levers are prevented from
descending too low by a support & fastened to the pin y. To the
bracket is fixed a long pin or shaft f', on which is placed a cylinder g'
carrying a lattice h¹ having narrow projections and wider projections /^
according to the required pattern of the checks or stripes, and to the
cylinder is fixed the ratchet wheel m² and steadying wheel n³,
ratchet wheel being acted upon by the catch o' at the end of a rod
carried by a crank p' on the crank shaft 4, and the steadying wheel acted
upon by the strong spring q¹ fixed to the bracket z. In Fig. 1 the
shuttles are shewn in their forward position, h being the working shuttle,
but in Fig. 2 the shuttles are in their backward position, i being the
working shuttle, and these positions are changed according to the
pattern when the loom is working. When the shuttle is picking and
no change is required the shuttle boxes are held steady by the spring
pins, and one or other pair of turned up plates s¹, &³, but when the boxes
are to be moved from the back to the front one of the narrow pro-
jections k¹ raises the lever x, so that its curved part shall act on the
knuckle jointed finger wo as the slay comes forward to depress the bar r
and remove the spring pins from the holes in the box frame to leave the
shuttle box free, and then the spring m brings forward the boxes to
their forward position, and the spring pins enter the corresponding
holes at the ends of the box frame. When the boxes are to be moved
to their backward position one of the wider projections / is called into
action to raise the lover to depress the spring pins, and leave the boxes
free, and at the same time raise the three-armed lever so that the
books shall seize the projections o and pull back the boxes to the
turned up plates s¹, and then be held steady by the entrance of the

page_text: spring pins into the corresponding holes. When three or more shuttles
are to be employed the projections on the pattern cylinder or lattice and
numbers of holes for the spring pins to enter are made to correspond,
and the working parts are slightly modified as required.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be
understood that I claim, the arrangement and combination of the various
parts and movements for shifting the shuttles when checks, stripes, or
fancy patterns are to be woven, as all such improvements are herein
described and illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Bullough, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of July, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.