IMPROVED MANU- FACTURE OF COLOURED MARKING INKS, PENCILS, AND THE LIKE
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Hickisson, of Bond's Crystal Palace Ink Factory.
Southgate Road, in the County of Middlesex, Marking Ink Manufacturer, and
Hugo Waldemar Langbeck, of Leman Street, in the said County, Analytical
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Hickisson and Hugo
Waldemar Langbeck at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
10th February 1883.
JAMES HICKISSON, of Bond's Crystal Palace Ink Factory, Southgate Road, in the
County of Middlesex, Marking Ink Manufacturer, and HUGO WALDEMAR LANGBECK,
of Leman Street, in the said County, Analytical Chemist, IMPROVED MANU-
FACTURE OF COLOURED MARKING INKS, PENCILS, AND THE LIKE,
Our Invention relates to an improved manufacture of various coloured marking
inks, pencils, and the like, and in carrying out our Invention we first prepare a
liquid composition, to which the various colours in combination with an albumen,
are added, the albumen being used to give consistency to the preparation and to fix
the colours firmly, when heat is applied to the fibres of the material written or
printed upon.
The liquid composition, above mentioned, consists of the following ingredients,
and in or about the proportions stated.
Arsenious acid,
Oil of turpentine,
Glycerine,
-
Water (preferably distilled),
-
5 to 8 grains.
20
10 drops.
-
6 drachms, and
1 oz.
To this liquid composition the various colours mixed with albumen are added
and in or about the proportions substantially as hereinafter mentioned.
For instance, to manufacture a scarlet marking ink, we add 1 drachm of vermilion
or other suitable red colouring compound and drachm of albumen, to 2 drachms
of the liquid composition

page_text: A black marking ink may be produced by adding 10 grains of Gas-black, or
other suitable black, and 30 grains of albumen to 2 drachms of the liquid
composition.
8
For a yellow marking ink, we add 7 grains of Cadmium yellow, or other suitable
yellow, and 14 grains of albumen to /, of a drachm of the liquid composition.
To manufacture a blue marking ink, we add /, drachm of Ultramarine, or other
suitable blue colouring compound, and a like proportion of the albumen to 2 drachms
of the liquid composition
By mixing the yellow and blue marking inks together we produce a green
marking ink, or a green marking ink may be manufactured by combining 2 drachms
of the liquid composition, with 1%, drachm of emerald green, or other green colouring
compound, and 1/, drachm of albumen.
A violet marking ink may be manufactured by adding to the liquid composition
and albumen, a sufficient quantity of violet colouring compound to produce the
shade or tint required.
To the above compositions any suitable salts may be added, if desired, for the
purpose of intensifying and fixing the colours.
---
To-form a solid material suitable for being manufactured into sticks, pencils, or
other desired form, we mix the albumen and any of the colours together, and so
much of the liquid composition, omitting the glycerine, as to make a plastic mass,
we then dry this mass at a low temperature by the action of a current of dry air,
or by exposure to the atmosphere. To write or mark with this improved ink, in
its solid form, the fabric should be previously wetted, or moistened, or the material
itself should be so treated.
To manufacture a solid material in the form of a powder, the required colour is
mixed with albumen in a dry powdered state, the liquid composition in this case
being omitted.
In some cases in manufacturing pencils, the marking point (composed of the
coloured ingredients) is formed at one end of the pencil, whilst the fixing ingredients
(albumen or other suitable material) is formed at the other end. Clays or gums
may be used to form a suitable base for the colouring matter.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said James Hickisson and Hugo Waldemar Langbeck in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 10th August 1883.
JAMES HICKISSON of Bond's Crystal Palace Ink Factory, Southgate Road, in the
County of Middlesex, Marking Ink Manufacturer, and HUGO WALDEMAR LANGBECK,
of Leman Street, in the said County, Analytical Chemist IMPROVED MANU-
FACTURE OF COLOURED MARKING INKS, PENCILS, AND THE LIKE
Our Invention relates to an improved manufacture of various coloured marking
inks, pencils, and the like, and in carrying out our Invention we first prepare a
liquid composition which serves as a vehicle to which the various colours, in combi-
nation with an albumen, are added, the albumen being used to give consistency
to the preparation and to fix the colours firmly where heat applied to the
material written marked or printed upon.
The liquid composition above mentioned consists of the following ingredients,
and in or about the proportions stated.
Arsenious acid,
Oil of turpentine,
Glycerine,
Water (preferably distilled),
=
5 to 8 grains.
-
10 drops.
-
-
1 oz.
6 drachms.
But if desired the arsenious acid and the glycerine may be dispensed with,
without in any way affecting the property of the liquid composition.
To this liquid composition the various colours, mixed with the albumen, aro
added, and in or about the proportions substantially as hereinafter stated.
For instance, to manufacture a scarlet marking Ink we add 1 (one) drachm of
vermilion, or other suitable red colouring compound, and (half) drachm of albumen
to 2 (two) drachms of the liquid composition.
A black marking ink may likewise be produced by adding 10 (ten) grains of gas-
black, or other suitable black, and 30 (thirty) grains of albumen to 2 (two) drachms
of the liquid composition.
For a yellow marking ink, we add 7 (seven) grains of Cadmium yellow, or other
suitable yellow, and 14 (fourteen) grains of albumen to 3 (two thirds) of a drachm
of the liquid composition..
To manufacture a blue marking ink we add (half) drachm of ultramarine, or other
suitable blue colouring compound, and a like proportion of the albumen, to 2 (two)
drachms of the liquid composition.
By mixing the yellow and blue marking inks together we produce a green
marking ink; or a green marking ink may be manufactured by combining 2 (two)
drachms of the liquid composition with (half) drachm of emerald green, or other
green colouring compound, and (half) drachm of albumen.
A violet marking ink may be manufactured by adding to 2 drachms of the liquid
composition, (half) drachm of albumen and (half) drachm (more or less) of a
violet colouring compound, to produce the shade or tint required.
To the above compositions any suitable salts may be added if desired, for the
purpose of intensifying and fixing the colours.
We find it advantageous to incorporate with, or add to the various coloured
marking inks a solution composed of india rubber and gutta percha, in equal
quantities, formed by dissolving the said materials in a suitable solvent, such for
instance as bisulphide of carbon. This solution tends to fix the colours on the
fabric written or marked upon.

page_text: To form a material suitable for manufacturing into pencils, sticks, or other
desired solid form, or semi-solid form, we mix the albumen and any of the colours
together, and so much of the liquid composition, omitting the glycerine, as to make
a plastic mass; we then dry this mass at a low temperature, by the action of a
current of dry air, say at about 80° to 100° Fahrenheit, or by exposure to the
atmosphere. To write or mark with this improved ink, in its solid form, the
fabric should be wetted previously, or moistened, or the material itself should be so
treated. Any suitable mordant may be employed to assist in fixing the colours on
the fabric written or marked upon.
To manufacture a solid material in the form of a powder, the required colour is
mixed with the albumen in a dry or powdered state; the liquid composition in this
case being omitted.
In some cases, in manufacturing pencils, the marking point (composed of the
colouring ingredients) is formed at one end of the pencil, whilst the fixing ingredients
(albumen or other suitable material) is formed at the other end. Clays or gums
may be used to form a suitable base for the colouring matter. The fabric should
be wetted with water or a suitable mordant.
Having now described the nature of the said invention, and in what manner the
same may be performed, we declare that we claim.
1. The combination of ingredients herein described forming the liquid com-
position, for the purposes set forth, and substantially in or about the proportions
mentioned.
2. The manufacture of the various coloured marking inks from the ingredients
mentioned, and in or about the proportions stated, to which the liquid composition
herein described, in combination with an albumen, is added, for the purposes set
forth.
3. In combination with the various coloured marking inks herein described and
claimed, the addition of a solution composed of gutta percha and india rubber
dissolved in bi-sulphide of carbon, for the purpose set forth.
4. The manufacture, as herein described, of a solid material in the form of
pencils, sticks or the like, for marking or writing, consisting in the combination of
the liquid composition and the ingredients described.
5. The manufacture, as herein described, of a solid material in a pulverulent or
powdered state from the ingredients stated, but, without the use of the liquid
solution.
6. The manufacture of pencils, from the ingredients herein set forth, together,
with clays or gums for forming a base, one end of said pencils being provided with
the marking or writing point, and the other end with an albumen, or other suitable
fixing ingredient or compound, substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof We the said James Hickisson and Hugo Waldemar
Langbeck, have hereunto set our hands and seals this Eighth day of August, in the
year 1883.
TURDA
TYLAKIONA