IMPROVEMENTS IN DISINTEGRATORS
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DISINTEGRATORS."-A communication from abroad
by Jules Pilon, Eugène Pilon, and Emile Pilon, all of Paris, in the
Republic of France.
Sealed the 22nd March 1872, and dated the 20th October 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 20th October 1871.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN DISINTEGRATORS," a communication to
me from abroad by Jules Pilon, Eugène Pilon, and Emile Pilon, all of
Paris, in the Republic of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved mode of lubricating the rubbing
parts of what is commonly known as Carr's disintegrator, or other

page_text: disintegrating apparatus, Patent No. 778, of 1859, of a similar con-
struction; also to an improved shape or construction of the disintegrating
or beater bars of the said apparatus, and consists in making the fixed
axis on which the hollow shafts of the rotatory discs revolve tubular
and with lateral openings communicating directly with the bearings of
the said hollow shafts, the tubular space inside the fixed shaft com-
municating at one or both ends by bent pipes and stop-cocks with oil
cups. On the rotation of the discs the oil flows out through the lateral
openings on to the rubbing surfaces of the bearings, and fills the annular
cavity between the fixed shaft and tubular shafts or spindles, thus
keeping the rubbing parts constantly immersed in oil. A small annular
projecting collar on the fixed shaft serves to prevent all contact between
the bearings of the two discs, which at this part are liable to excessive
wear.
The improved form or construction of the disintegrating or beater bars
consists in grooving, fluting, or channelling them, either circumferentially
or longitudinally, in lieu of having them smooth as heretofore, whereby
they effect a superior breaking or disintegrating action on the materials
operated upon.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 20th April 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-fifth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said John Henry Johnson, Her special license that
I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,

page_text: .
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DIS-
INTEGRATORS," a communication to me from abroad by Jules Pilon,
Eugène Pilon, and Emile Pilon, of Paris, in the Republic of France,
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Henry
Johnson, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say :-
The said Invention relates to an improved mode of lubricating the
rubbing parts of what is commonly known as Carr's disintegrator
(No. 778, A.D. 1859) or other disintegrating apparatus of a similar con-
struction; also to an improved shape or construction of the disintegrating
or beater bars of the said apparatus, and consists in making the fixed
axis on which the hollow shafts of the rotatory discs revolve tubular
and with lateral openings communicating directly with the bearings of
the said hollow shafts, the tubular space inside the fixed shaft com-
municating at one or both ends by bent pipes and stop-cocks with oil
cups. On the rotation of the discs the oil flows out through the lateral
openings on to the rubbing surfaces of the bearings, and fills the annular
cavity between the fixed shaft and tubular shafts or spindles, thus
keeping the rubbing parts constantly immersed in oil. A small annular
projecting collar on the fixed shaft serves to prevent all contact between
the bearings and supporting collars of the two discs, which at this part
are liable to excessive wear.
The improved form or construction of the disintegrating or beater bars
consists in grooving, fluting, or channelling them, either circumferentially
or longitudinally, in lieu of leaving them smooth as heretofore, whereby
they effect a superior breaking or disintegrating action on the materials
operated upon.

page_text: And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood, I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose.
shall refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings,
the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the
Figures.
Figure 1 of the Drawings represents a longitudinal vertical section
taken along the line 1, 2, in Figure 2, of one of Carr's disintegrators with
the present improvements applied thereto; Figure 2 is a corresponding
plan of the same; Figure 3 is a transverse vertical section of the
apparatus taken along the line 3, 4, in Figure 1; Figure 4 is a detail
longitudinal vertical section of the shaft of the improved disintegrator ;
Figure 5 is a similar view of the shaft of the ordinary Carr's disintegrator;
Figure 6 is an elevation of one of the improved form of beaters or
disintegrating bars; Figure 7 is an elevation of a bar of the ordinary
form; Figure 8 is a transverse section of the improved bar; and Figure 9
is a similar view of the ordinary bar.
As is well known, the disintegrator of Carr comprises a fixed smooth
surface shaft c, upon which are mounted two discs containing cach a
double range of bars disposed in two concentric circles, the one set
working between the other. The lubrication was effected by filling with
oil through an aperture, closed by a screw, the annular cavity comprised
between the shaft c and the collars or tubular shafts a of the discs.
Now it has been found that the said disintegrator works well up to a
speed of about four hundred revolutions per minute, but that on running
up to say six hundred revolutions the use even of the best oil does not
prevent heating and its resultant evils. This defect arises in a great
measure from the fact of the centrifugal force which is generated at
high speeds having a tendency to throw the oil which is contained
between the fixed shaft and the collars a against the inner surface of
the latter and to keep it there, thus preventing it from lodging upon the
shaft c and lubricating the actual frictional surfaces. Various methods
have been tried for remedying this defect, but without any real practical
success.
Now according to this Invention it is proposed to form a longitudinal
passage of about three-cighths of an inch diameter along the centre of
the shaft c (see Figure 4), which need not necessarily be of more than
the ordinary external diameter of say four inches and three-eighths. To

page_text: each end of this shaft c there is screwed a small tube d curved upwards
and supporting at its upper extremity any convenient oil cup e. By this
arrangement it will be obvious that the interior of the hollow fixed shaft
c may be kept constantly filled with oil.. Four lateral radial perforations
f communicating with the longitudinal central passage in the shaft c
serve to distribute the oil to the interiors of the bearings g of the collars a.
Thus the quantity of oil supplied to the several bearings increases with
the speed of the discs b, and this oil after having lubricated the shaft
and the bearings 9 enters the annular or cylindrical space or cavity
which exists between the shaft c and the collars a, thus insuring the
actual rubbing parts being always bathed or immersed in oil, and
consequently preventing heating of the parts and the evils resulting
therefrom.
The second part of this Invention comprises an alteration in the form
of the disintegrating bars, whereby their useful effect is augmented, and
consists in substituting grooved or channelled bars h carefully hardened
and tempered, and presenting a number of sharp edges or angles for
the smooth bars heretofore employed. This part of the Invention will
be readily understood on referring to Figures 6 and 8, and comparing
them with the ordinary bar shown in Figures 4 and 9.
Another improvement consists of a mode of maintaining the two
collars or tubular rotating shafts a, a, in close end proximity, but without
allowing them to come into actual contact with cach other. This is
effected by forming on the stationary shaft ca raised collar or ring i,
which is interposed between the contiguous ends of the two middle
bearings g, g, of the collars a, and thus prevents that excess of friction
which occurs at this point by reason of the relative speed of the frictional
parts, which is double that of the other working parts in those
disintegrators where the ends of the two collars a are in actual contact
with each other.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to
be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me
6 by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. The system or mode of lubricating the collars of the discs from
the centre of the supporting shaft of what is commonly known as "Carr's

page_text: disintegrator" and other apparatus of a similar kind by means of a
hollow stationary shaft having lateral radial openings made therein
opposite cach bearing, and being in communication with an oil cup or
cups situate at one or both ends of the said hollow stationary shaft, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose herein-before described and illustrated
by the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Secondly. The construction and use of the disintegrating bars of what
is commonly known as "Carr's disintegrator" other apparatus of a
similar kind having grooves or channels on their surface, substantially
as and for the purpose herein-before described.
Thirdly. The system or mode of separating the collars of the two discs
by interposing between their respective bearings a ring or collar i formed
on or secured to the shaft c, substantially as and for the purpose herein-
before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have to this
my Specification set my hand and seal, the Nineteenth day of
April One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.S.)