IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH VARIOUS PROCESSES OF TREATING YARNS WITH LiQuins
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Stirling Alston, Merchant, and William Reid,
Dye Works Manager, both of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED
IN CONNECTION WITH VARIOUS PROCESSES OF TREATING YARNS WITH
LiQuins"
"
Sealed the 7th August 1877, and dated the 20th February 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Stirling Alston and
William Reid at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th
February 1877.
JOHN STIRLING ALSTON, Merchant, and WILLIAM REID, Dye Works Manager,
both of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS TO BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH VARIOUS PROCESSES OF TREATING
YARNS WITH LIQUIDS."
This Invention has for its object the constructing and arranging of apparatus for
treating yarns with liquids in an improved manner, and so that the yarns may be
subjected to less handling and less risk of injury than in the apparatus ordinarily
used for the same purposes.
The present Invention is also to a certain extent an improvement on or addition
to that described in the Specification of Letters Patent obtained by William Reid,
one of the present applicants, and dated 23 September 1875 (No. 3319).
The apparatus for expressing liquids from yarns, described in the said earlier
Specification, has been found to be practically successful and useful in many
applications, and may be advantageously combined with some of the improved
apparatus constituting the present Invention; but in some applications it is
believed that the improved liquid expressing apparatus, hereafter described, will be
found more convenient and advantageous.
In one modification of liquid expressing apparatus comprised in the present
Invention there is a stationery flat plate, covered or coated with blanket, felt,
rubber, or other suitable material, and on this plate several hanks of saturated yarn

page_text: distended by two rods are laid. A movable upper or pressing plate working in or
on guides, and having its under side coated with rubber or other suitable material,
is arranged over the stationary plate, and is brought down by means of revolving
cranks, eccentrics, or cams, or by means of levers or of hydraulic or steam cylinders,
so as to exert on the yarns the pressure necessary for expressing the liquid. An
arrangement of endless chains similar to that described in the earlier Specification,
herein-before referred to, is to be employed for conveying the yarns to and laying
them on the stationary plate, and for conveying them away therefrom; and such
chains may be moved by hand, or a suitable intermittent motion may be imparted
to them from an eccentric or crank on one of the revolving shafts of the machine.
In a second modification, the upper or pressing plate is the same as in the first
modification; but the lower plate is made movable horizontally, and receives the
yarns upon it when it is moved out from under the upper or pressing plate. In
both modifications the plates may be curved instead of flat if found preferable.
In a modification of yarn saturating apparatus which will work automa-
tically and conveniently in combination with the second modification of liquid
expressing apparatus herein-before described, and which is advantageously adapted
for immersing and working yarns in dyeing or other liquids. The tank or vessel
is by preference of a nearly semi-cylindrical form, and has working in connection
with it a wheel fitted with two sets of spokes or arms, and mounted on a horizontal
shaft, situated by preference a little above the level of the liquid in the tank. On
each arm there are two hooks placed at a distance apart, suited to the length of the
hanks of yarn, and as each pair of arms comes round and downwards at one side of
the tank, the attendant worker places on them several hanks of yarn. The hanks
are distended on two rods, and are placed on the wheel by engaging the rods on the
hooks on the wheel arms, the rods being parallel to the shaft, and the hanks being
held radially.
Alternate forward and backward motions are given to the wheel by any suitable
gearing, the forward motions being greater than the backward motions, so that
whilst the alternate motions cause the yarn to be well worked in the liquid, the
quantity on each pair of wheel arms is gradually moved round through the liquid
to the side opposite that at which it was put on the wheel. The lower plate of the
liquid expressing arms is moved under a quantity of yarn hanks, just as the forward
motion of the wheel arms lifts them above the level of the plate, and then the next
backward movement of the wheel arms lowers the hanks with their rods upon the
plate, the rods becoming disengaged from the hooks on the wheel arms, and the
plate being moved away from the wheel before the arms rise again.
After the lot of yarns have been pressed, they are prevented from returning with
the lower plate by the further rod being held so that the plate moves out from
under the hanks, and allows them to fall upon rails or other supports, from which
they can be removed by hand or by endless chains or by other suitable mechanism.
In a second modification of yarn saturing apparatus which may be more
suitable than the first for some dyeing or similar processes a rectangular tank is
employed, and the yarn hanks are hung on transverse horizontal rods which are
moved in succession from one end of the tank to the other by endless chains.
rods have toothed or plain wheels on one or both of their ends, so as to receive
rotatory motion from fixed or reciprocating racks or bars at the sides of the tank ;
and the rods have boards or paddles fixed to them at the parts on which the banks
hang, such boards or paddles projecting to one side of the rods so as to have a
swaying and increased action in turning over the yarn hanks.
The
In a third modification of yarn saturating apparatus suitable for some dyeing or
similar processes, the hanks of yarn are hung on rods having pinions on their ends,
as in the third modification, but the rods and pinions are carried by longitudinal
frames which have vertical bars fixed to them, and fitted to work in vertical guides
fixed to the side of the tank. The frames carrying the rods are raised and lowered
by two revolving shafts, having each two cranks, connecting rods from which are
jointed to blocks fitted in guides fixed to the frames. When the frames descend

page_text: they come to rest on stops before the cranks reach their lowest positions, and
remain stationary whilst the cranks move through the lower parts of their circuits,
the blocks then moving down and up again in their guides. The descent of the
frames causes the yarn hanks to be lowered or dipped into the dye or other liquid,
and the banks remain so for a short time until the frames are again raised. Whilst
the frames are lifted up with the hanks entirely or for the most part out of the liquid
the rods carrying the hanks are turned so as to change the positions of the hanks
on them by gearing acting on the pinions. Two of the pinions at the middle of
the series are in gear with a spur wheel, carried by the frame, and this spur wheel
is acted on at the proper time by a toothed segment carried by a continuously
revolving wheel. The toothed segment is so placed that the rods are turned and
the hanks moved round only when they are raised, more or less, out of the liquid,
and when they are less liable to become entangled. Instead of employing a toothed
segment and toothed wheels the motion may be imparted frictionally.
Another modification of apparatus comprised in this Invention is for washing the
hanks of yarn, and in it two endless chains are arranged to carry rods or rollers
with the hanks on them through a long tank or trough. The two endless chains
are at one side of the trough and the rollers or rods are over hung from them, so
that the banks can be put rapidly on and off them over their free ends. Rollers
are fitted at regular intervals along the two chains, and wheels or pinions are fixed
on the spindles of the rollers between the chains to derive motion from guide
grooves or racks on the upper edge of the tank side as they are drawn along. The
chains are distended and moved by sprocket wheels on horizontal shafts at the
opposite ends of the tank, and the yarn hanks are entered at one end and carried
down into and through the washing water to the other end of the tank, where they
are raised out of the tank and carried back along the upper or return course of the
chains. At the point where each roller is connected to the chains there is also
jointed thereto a pendent lever having a rod or roller at its lower end, and on each
such lower rod or roller are put the lower parts of the hanks that are on the next
preceding upper roller, so that the hanks are carried through the water in inclined
or diagonal positions, the lower parts being drawn in advance. Each pendent lever
is formed with a short arm extending upwards from the point of attachment to the
chains, and as each pendent lever approches the entering end of the tank its upper
arm encounters a stationary pin which causes the lower end to move forward, and
so shorten the distance between the lower roller or rod and the preceding upper
roller carrying the same hanks. This facilitates the removal of the washed hanks
and the putting on of fresh hanks. The endless chains are moved intermittently,
which not only gives time for changing the hanks but also renders the washing
action more efficient.
The liquid expressing apparatus herein-before described may be modified by substi-
tuting for the upper plate a roller to be moved over the lower plate, or to have the
lower plate moved under it, this constituting a modification intermediate between
those herein-before described and that described in the earlier Specification herein-
before referred to. In some modifications of the liquid expressing apparatus it will
be more convenient to make the lower piece move upwards to give the pressure,
instead of the upper piece moving downwards, as herein-before described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by the
said John Sterling Alston and William Reid in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 17th August 1877.
JOHN STIRLING ALSTON, Merchant, and WILLIAM REID, Dye Works Manager,
both of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS TO BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH VARIOUS PROCESSES OF TREATING
YARNS WITH LIQUIDS."

page_text: Our said Invention has for its object the constructing and arranging of apparatus
or treating yarns with liquids in an improved manner, and so that the yarns may
be subjected to less handling and less risk of injury than in the apparatus ordinarily
used for the same purposes.
The present Invention is also to a certain extent an improvement on or addition
to that described in the Specification of Letters Patent obtained by William Reid,
one of us, and dated 23 September 1875 (No. 3319).
The apparatus for expressing liquids from yarns, described in the said earlier
Specification, has been found to be practically successful and useful in many appli-
cations, and may be advantageously combined with some of the improved apparatus
constituting our present Invention, but in some applications we believe that the
improved liquid expressing apparatus hercin-after described will be found more
convenient and advantageous.
In addition to modifications of apparatus for expressing liquids from yarns, our
prescut Invention comprises modifications of apparatus, some for saturating and
some for washing yarns, and some of which modifications will work automatically
and conveniently in combination with suitable modifications of the liquid expressing
apparatus.
And in order that our said Invention, and the manner of performing the same
may be properly understood, we hereunto append four Sheets of explanatory
Drawings to be herein-after referred to, and representing various modifications of our
improved apparatus. In these Drawings the same reference numerals are used to
mark the same or like parts wherever they are repeated.
One modification of liquid expressing apparatus comprised in our present Inven-
tion is shown on Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings, Figure 1 being a front
elevation, and Figure 2 a side elevation. In this apparatus there is a stationary
flat plate 1 covered or coated on its upper surface with blanket, felt, rubber, or other
suitable material, and on this plate 1 several hanks of saturated yarn held by one
or two rods are laid. A movable upper or pressing plate 2 having its under surface
coated with rubber or other suitable material is arranged over the stationary plate 1
and is brought down by means of revolving cranks 3, 3, so as to exert on the yarns
the pressure necessary for expressing the liquid from them. An arrangement of
endless chains 4, 4, similar to that described in the earlier Specification herein-
before referred to is employed for conveying the yarns to and laying them on the
stationary plate 1, and for conveying them away therefrom, and such chains 4 may
be moved by hand, or a suitable intermittent motion may be imparted to them by
mechanism such as is shown in Figures 1 and 2. The parts herein-before referred
to are carried by a framing comprising a rectangular base plate 5, in the corners of
which are fixed four vertical rods 6 having their upper ends connected by and fixed
in a head frame 7. At a short distance below the head frame 7 there are cottered
to the corner rods 6 two frame pieces 8 formed with bearings for two horizontal
shafts 9, each shaft having on it two cranks 3. The shafts 9 are geared together by
equal spur wheels 10, and one of these spur wheels has in gear with it a pinion
on a first-motion shaft 11, having on it fast and loose pulleys 12 for a driving
belt. The cranks 3 are connected by short rods 13 to the upper pressing
plate 2, and this plate 2 is steadily guided by the corner rods 6 which pass
through eyes formed in its corners. The actual pressing surfaces of both plates 1, 2,
project, one up and the other down, from the main levels of the plates. The
stationary plate 1 is like the upper moving one, formed with eyes at its corners,
through which the corner rods 6 pass, and it is held in position by nuts 14, 15,
screwed above and below it on these rods, an arrangement which admits of the
plate 1 being adjusted with the greatest nicety so as to be parallel to the upper
moving plate 2, and so that, taking into account the invariable length of stroke of
the moving plate 2, a suitable degree of compression may be applied to the
yarns between the plates. The two endless chains 4 are carried by pulleys 16
on shafts 17, carried at the front and back of the machine in brackets 18, fixed to
the framing, and the chains are moved intermittently by hooked pawls 19 jointed

page_text: to levers 20 fast on a rocking shaft 21, which is carried in bearings on the base
plate 5. On one end of the rocking shaft 21 there is fixed a crank or lever 22, to
which there is jointed a rod 23, arranged to move vertically in guides on the
plates 1, 2, and having a cross-head 24 formed at its upper end, on which there acts
a cam 25, fixed on one of the crank shafts 9. This cam 25 acts on the rod 23,
whilst the upper plate 2 is being raised, and by depressing that rod causes the
endless chains 4 to be moved a certain distance in the direction of the arrow
shown in Figure 2. A weighted lever 26 fixed on the rocking shaft 21, returns
the lever 20 for a fresh movement whenever the cam 25 turns upwards again.
Hooks 27 are fixed or formed on links of the endless chain 4 at suitable dis-
tances apart, and one of the pair of rods on which a set of hanks are distended is
placed across the chains so as to be carried in between the pressing plates 1, 2, by
means of the hooks 27, and each movement of the chains which takes in one set of
hanks at the front of the machine takes out at the back the set just previously
acted upon.
In some
The upper pressing plate 2 may be moved by any other suitable apparatus
instead of the cranks 3, shown in Figures 1 and 2, berein-before described; thus
revolving eccentrics or cams may be used, or toggle-action or other levers may be
employed, or cylinders and rams or pistons worked by steam or water.
modifications it will be more convenient to make the lower plate 1 move upwards,
to give the pressure, instead of the upper plate 2 moving downwards, as herein-before
described, and in any of the modifications the plates 1, 2, may be curved insted of
flat if found preferable.
Our improved liquid expressing apparatus may also be modified in the manner
shown on Figure 9, on Sheet 3 of the Drawings, that is, by substituting, for the
upper plate 2 a roller 27 to be moved over the lower plate 1, or to have the lower
plate 1 moved under it, this constituting a modification intermediate between those
herein-before described and that described in the earlier Specification herein-
before referred to. The roller 27 is in this modification carried by a pair of
levers 28, fixed on a rocking shaft 29, situated at the base of the machine, and
moved by means of a lever on it, connected by a rod 30 to a crank on a revolving
shaft 31.
In a modification of our improved liquid expressing apparatus, which is shown in
horizontal and vertical section, and as combined with saturating apparatus in Figures
3 and 4 on Sheet 2 of the Drawings, the upper or pressing plate (2), which is not
shown, is the same as in the first modification, shown in Figures 1 and 2, but the lower
plate 1 is made movable horizontally, and has bars formed or fixed on its under
side, which bars work in laterally grooved guides 32 on frames fixed to the base
plate 5, and the plate 1 receives the yarns upon it when it is moved out from
under the upper or pressing plate (2), and is in the position in which it is shown in
Figures 3 and 4.
In the modification of our yarn saturating apparatus, shown in Figures 3 and 4,
and which will work automatically and conveniently in combination with liquid
expressing apparatus, such as is shown in the same Figures, whilst it is advanta-
geously adapted for immersing and working yarns in dyeing or other liquids, the
tank or vessel 33 is by preference of a nearly semi-cylindrical form, and has working
in connection with it a wheel having two sets of spokes or arms 34 mounted on a
horizontal shaft 35 situated by preference a little above the level of the liquid in
the tank 33. On each arm 34 there are two hooks 36, 37, placed at a distance
apart suited to the length of the hanks of yarn, and one of the hooks 36 on each
arm is movable, and has a spring applied to it, so that as each pair of arms 34
comes round and downwards at one side of the tank (the left hand side in the
Figures) the attendant worker can conveniently place on them several hanks of yarn.
The hanks are distended on two rods, and are placed on the wheel by engaging the
rods on the hooks 36, 37, on the wheel arms 34, the rods being parallel to the
shaft 35, and the hanks being held radially.
Alternate forward and backward motions are given to the wheel by any suitable

page_text: gearing, preference being given to that shown in Figure 3, and more fully in
Figures 5 and 6, the forward motions being greater than the backward motions, so
that whilst the alternate motions cause the yarn to be well worked in the liquid,
the quantity on each pair of arms 34 is moved round step by step through the
liquid to the side opposite that at which it was put on the wheel. The shaft 35 of
the wheel has fixed on one end of it a crank 38 connected by a rod 39 to a crank
or eccentric pin on a pinion 40, which is loose on a stud or pin on a crank or lever
41, and is in gear with an internally toothed wheel 42 fixed to the framing. The
crank 41 carrying the pinion 40 is fast on a short shaft, having also fast on it a
.worm wheel 43 in gear with a worm on the first motion shaft 44 of the machine,
and the pinion 40, whilst being moved round at a uniform rate, turns by rolling
round the internally toothed wheel 42, and by its eccentric pin or crank acting
through the rod 39 on the crank 38 of the large wheel causes this last to move
forwards and backwards alternately, but always more forwards than backwards, as
desired. The lower plate 1 of the liquid-expressing apparatus is moved under the
quantity of yarn hanks on one pair of wheel arms 34 just as the forward motion
lifts those arms above the level of the plate; and then the next backward move-
ment of the wheel arms lowers the hanks with their rods down upon the plate 1,
the rods becoming disengaged from the hooks 36, 37, on the wheel arms, and the
plate 1 being moved away from the wheel before the arms 34 rise again. To suit
the described action of the wheel which carries the yarn hanks through the
saturating vessel 33, the pressing plate 1 requires to be at rest for a time between
each of its movements inwards and outwards, and for imparting to the plate 1 a
suitable motion of the kind indicated, there is, in the modification shown in Figures
3 and 4, a cam 45 upon a continuously revolving shaft, which cam by a groove, the
form of which will be understood from Figure 4, acts on a bell-crank lever 46, con-
nected by a rod 47 to a lever 48, which last is connected by a rod 49 to the under
side of the plate 1. The desired motion might also be obtained by other well known
expedients.
After each lot of yarns has been pressed it may be prevented from returning with
the lower plate 1 by the further rod being held so that the plate 1 moves out from
under the hanks, and allows them to fall upon rails or other supports, from which
tliey can be removed by hand or by endless chains, or by other suitable
mechanism.
In a second modification of yarn saturating apparatus, which may be more
suitable than that herein-before described for some dyeing or similar processes, and
which is shown in longitudinal vertical section in Figure 7 on Sheet 3 of the
Drawings, a rectangular tank 50 is employed, and the yarn hanks are hung on
transverse horizontal rods 51, which are moved in succession from one end of the
tank to the other by endless chains 52. The rods 51 have toothed or plain wheels
53 on one or both of their ends, so as to receive rotary motion from fixed or
reciprocating racks or bars at the sides of the tank; and the rods 51 have boards
or paddles 54 fixed to them at the parts on which the hanks hang, such boards
or paddles projecting to one side of the rods, so as to have a swaying and increased
action in turning over the yarn hanks. Figure 8 is a face view of one of the
combined rods and paddles.
A third modification of yarn saturating apparatus, which is suitable for some
dyeing or similar processes, is shown on Sheet 4 of the accompanying Drawings,
Figure 12 being a plan; Figure 13, a side elevation; and Figure 14, a transverse
vertical section. In this apparatus the hanks of yarn are hung on rods 51, having
pinions 53 on their ends, as in the second modification, but the rods and pinions are
carried by longitudinal frames 55, which have vertical bars 56 fixed to them and fitted
to work in vertical guides fixed to the sides of the tank 50. The frames 55 carrying
the rods 51 are raised and lowered by two revolving shafts 57, which are situated
beneath the tank, and have each two cranks 58 with connecting rods 59 jointed to
them, and to blocks 60 fitted between guides 61 fixed to the frames 55. When the
frames 55 descend they come to rest on stops before the cranks 58 reach their lowest

page_text: position and remain stationary, whilst the cranks move through the lower parts of
their circuits, the blocks 60 then moving down and up again in their guides 61.
The descent of the frames 55 causes the yarn hanks to be lowered or dipped into
the dye or other liquid, and the hanks remain so for a short time, until the frames 55
are again raised. Whilst the frames 55 are lifted up with the hanks entirely, or for
the most part, out of the liquid, the rods 51, which are square at the parts carrying
the hanks, are turned so as to change the positions of the hanks on them by gearing
acting on the pinions 53. The rods 51 are arranged close enough together for their
pinions 53 to be in gear one with another, excepting at the middle of the tank,
where two adjacent rods turn in the same direction, in consequence of having on
them additional pinions 62, which are in gear with one spur wheel 63 carried on a
stud fixed to the frame 55. This spur wheel 63 is acted on at the proper time by
a toothed sector or segment 64, carried by a continuously revolving wheel 65 (shown
partly broken away in Figure 13). The toothed segment 64 is so placed that the
rods 51 are turned and the hanks moved round only when they are raised
more or less out of the liquid, and when they are less liable to become entangled.
Instead of employing a toothed segment 64 and toothed wheels the motion may be
imparted frictionally. The wheel 65 carrying the segment 64 is turned by means
of an intermediate wheel 66 from a wheel 67 fast on one of the crank shafts 57,
and the wheels 66 and 65 are carried by a fixed standard 68. The crank shafts 57
are driven by means of worm wheels 69 on them, and having in gear worms 70
on a first-motion shaft 71 provided with fast and loose pulleys 72 for a driving
belt.
Another modification of apparatus comprised in our present Invention, and shown
in longitudinal and transverse vertical section in Figures 10 and 11, on Sheet 3 of
the Drawings, is for washing the banks of yarn, and in it two endless chains 52
are arranged to carry rods or rollers 51 with the hanks on them through a long tank
or trough 50. The two endless chains 52 are at one side of the trough 50 and the
rods or rollers 51 are overhung from them, so that the hanks can be rapidly put on
and off them over their free ends. The rods or rollers 51 are fitted at regular
intervals along the two chains, 52, each having an end journal or spindle passed
through eyes or bearings formed for it in special links of the chains, and extending
through both chains, and wheels or pinions 53 are fixed on the journals or spindles
between the chains to derive motion from grooved guides or racks 73 on the upper
edge of the side of the tank 50. As they are drawn along the endless chains 52
are distended and moved by sprocket wheels 74 on horizontal shafts at opposito
ends of the tanks 50, one or both of such shafts being driven by worm wheel or
other suitable gearing, which is not shown in the Figures, and the yarn hanks are
entered at one end of the tank (the left-hand side in Figure 10), and are carried
down into and through the washing water to the other end of the tank, where they
are raised out of the tank and carried back along the upper or return course of the
chains 52. At the point where each roller 51 is connected to the chains 52 there is
also jointed thereto a pendent lever 75, having a rod or roller 76 at its lower end,
and on each such lower rod or roller are put the lower parts of the hanks that are
on the next preceding upper roller 51, so that the hanks are carried through the
water in inclined or diagonal positions, the upper parts being drawn in advance.
Each pendent lever 75 is formed with a short arm 77 extending upwards from the
point of attachment to the chains, and as each pendent lever approaches the entering
end of the tank its upper arm 77 encounters a stationary pin 78, which causes the
lower rod or roller 76 to move forward, and so shorten the distance between it and
the preceding upper roller 51 carrying the same hanks; this facilitates the removal
of the washed hanks and the putting on of fresh hanks. The endless chains 52 arc
by preference moved intermittently, which not only gives time for changing the
hanks conveniently, but also renders the washing action more efficient.
Having thus particularly described of our said Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, we have to state that we do not restrict ourselves to
the precise details herein described or delineated, but that what we believe

page_text: to be novel and original, and claim as the Invention secured to us by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
1. The expressing of liquids from yarns by pressing them between plates arranged
and worked substantially as herein-before described.
2. The combination of a plate and a roller, arranged substantially as herein-before
described, for expressing liquids from yarns.
3. The combination of a pair of plates for expressing liquids from yarns with
endless chains for placing the yarns between the plates and removing them thence,
substantially as herein-before described.
4. The arrangement of a pair of plates for expressing liquids from yarns, wherein
a horizontal movement of one plate is made to admit of the yarns being con-
veniently laid on the lower plate, substantially as herein-before described.
5. The combination of apparatus for saturating yarns and expressing liquid
therefrom, herein-before described with reference to Figures 3 to 6 of the accom-
panying Drawings.
.
6. The combination of apparatus for saturating yarns, wherein, in a nearly
semi-cylindrical vessel, a wheel with radial arms fitted for carrying rods which hold
the hanks in radial positions is made to rotate with alternate short backward and
longer forward movements, substantially as herein-before described.
7. The imparting to yarn saturating or washing apparatus the alternate short
backward and longer forward movements derived from a crank or eccentric pin on
a pinion which is made to roll at a uniform rate around a fixed wheel, substantially
as herein-before described.
8. The combination of apparatus for saturating yarns, herein-before described
with reference to Figures 7 and 8 of the accompanying Drawings.
9. The combination of apparatus for saturating yarns, herein-before described
with reference to Figures 12 to 14 of the accompanying Drawings.
1
10. The arranging of apparatus for saturating yarns, so as to lower the yarns
and hold them in the dyeing or other liquid, and alternately therewith raise them
out of the liquid and change their positions by turning the rollers carrying them,
substantially in the manner herein-before described.
11. The arranging or combining together of parts of apparatus for washing yarns,
substantially in the manner herein-before described with reference to Figures 10
and 11 of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Reid, on behalf of the said John
Stirling Alston and myself, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this
Sixteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-seven.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
WILLIAM REID. (L.S.)