IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING WOOD
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Hamilton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th January
1864.
I, JOSEPH HAMILTON, of 2, Richmond Terrace, Albert Street, in the
Borough of Southwark, and County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
CUTTING WOOD," to be as hereafter follows:-
This Invention relates to certain peculiar arrangements and modifications of
what are known as planing, squaring, or thicknessing, moulding, and shaping
machines, whereby they are rendered more effective in the variation of the
work to be done by them.
The nature of which arrangements and modifications, and the particular
application to which they are intended are to be ascertained in and by the
following statements, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed'
and the letters and figures marked thereon.
And consists, firstly, of employing two discs of metal with suitable spindles
and journals marked A, A, on Drawing Sheet 1, having suitable cutters
affixed therein, and the planes of each disc set at an angle of 45%, forming
right angles to each other, or set at any angle to each other, the spindle of
each being furnished with a gut or band pulley marked D, D, partly round
which an endless leather or gut band C passes, thence over two other pulleys
B, B; the pulleys B, B, are rotated by a band passing over the pulley E, which
receives motion from a pulley and band from the main shaft.

page_text: Secondly, of employing two adze blocks of metal, marked F, F, Sheet 2,
with suitable journals and pulleys, and having fixed thereto suitable cutting
knives, the planes of which are each set at an angle of 45%, forming right
angles to each other, or set at any angle to each other, a rotary motion being
imparted by bands from main shaft passing partly round the pulleys G, G.
Thirdly, of employing a single adze block I, Sheet 1, with cutting knives
attached thereto, and mounted in a carriage H, the carriage H being mounted
on segment carriage M, which is cut on the outer edge in the form of a worm
or screw wheel, into which a screw or worm N works; attached to the end of
the spindle of the screw or worm N is a hand or band wheel, which may be
turned by hand or by band, the whole being mounted on the carriage L; and
of mounting a single disc O, Sheet 2, in a segment carriage cut on the outer
edge in form of a screw or worm wheel, into which a screw or worm works.
Fourthly, it relates to a variable or double eccentric P, Sheet 1 and 2, for
increasing or diminishing lengths of stroke in any direction which it may be
requisite to apply it, but especially to impart a variable rising and falling
motion to the main carriage L, Sheet 1, which carries the whole of the minor
carriages, adze block, cutters, and gearing, or discs, cutters, and gearing; a
slotted lever may also be used to impart a rising and falling motion to the
carriage L.
Fifthly, the employment of a right angled or any angular bed Q, Sheet 1
and 2, which is placed on a flat table R, which is also placed on a suitable
bed S, the angled and flat beds being fitted with suitable clips for securing
timber thereon, and transverse motion is given to the bed Q by means of
screws running across the table R; the main carriage L is furnished with
suitable guides and rollers for the steadyment of the timber while being
operated on.
Sixthly, the employment of reverse cone pulleys to impart variable self-
feeding motions with aid of other gearing to any portions of the apparatus and
appliances.
The applications to which I more particularly intend the machinery or
apparatus are,―
Firstly, the surfacing of two sides of a piece or pieces of timber at one
operation at right angles or any angles to each other. The timber is placed
within the angular bed Q, and secured by means of clips; the carriage L
carrying the discs, cutters, pulleys, bands, or adze blocks, cutters, bands, and
pulleys, spans the bed S, and is fitted in suitable guides centrically of bed S
and is raised or lowered by means of a hand wheel a, which is keyed on the
end of spindle, which passes through certain bearings connected to the bed S

page_text: the spindle having attached thereto two pinions b, b, which gear into two
racks c, c, on main carriage L; the carriage L, carrying the discs and cutters,
or adze blocks and cutters, pulleys, and bands, and gearing, is adjusted to
required height, and secured by means of set screws d, d, d, or other appliance;
the discs and cutters, or adze blocks and cutters are caused to revolve by
means of the bands receiving first motion from main shaft, the beds Q and R
and timber are caused to move endways by the pulley e on the end of the
shaft f, being rotated by a band from a pulley on one of the reverse cone
pulley shafts; on the centre of the shaft f is a spur pinion g, gearing into rack
on under side of flat table R, the timber passing under the cutting instruments
is reduced to the desired thickness.
Secondly, the tapering of timber by placing it in the angular bed, and
causing it to pass under the cutting instruments previously described, the
carriage receiving at the same time an ascending or descending motion by
means of a connecting rod h, Sheet I., attached to lower part i of carriage L,
which is coupled to a band passing round the variable or double ecentric
(termed the eccentric band), the eccentric P being caused to rotate by a
screw working into the worm wheel n on the end of shaft carrying the
cccentric P, the screw shaft m receiving motion from a pair of mitre wheels,
pulley, and bands from first motion.
Thirdly, the cambering and hollowing of timber by using only one adze
block, with the necessary pulleys and bands, by causing the carriage L to
receive an ascending and descending motion from the eccentric and gearing
during the traversing of the timber under the rotary cutters; the cone pulleys
5 are especially applicable to this operation, and are fitted with properly divided
band shifting rods to decrease or diminish the cambering and hollowing.
Fourthly, the maintaining an uniform square through section of twisted
timber by means of the adze block and cutters I mounted in a carriage H,
also mounted on a segment carriage M, into the edge of which the screw or
O worm N gears; the carriage H and adze block I, cutters and pulley can be
raised independently of the main carriage L, which main carriage supports
the minor carriages H and M and other appliances. The cutting adze knives
are brought to operate at any angle by causing the worm or screw working
into the outer edge of the segment carriage to revolve by hand or suitable
5 appliance.
Fifthly, the cutting of mouldings on irregular and twisted timber, as described,
in maintaining an uniform square through section of twisted timber, using
the usual moulding cutters in lieu of the adzing cutters.
Sixthly, the bevelling of timber at any angle by means of the single adze

page_text: block and cutters, pulley and bands, and also by the single disc and cutters,
pulley and bands mounted on the segment carriage.
Lastly, the thicknessing of timber, cutting, moulding, grooving, rebating,
and shaping straight and regular timber.