Improvements in the Treatment of Oleaginous and Fatty Substances of All Kinds, and Hydrocarbons, for Purification and other Purposes.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 24th D.c., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Sept., 1896-Accepted, 12th Dec., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Treatment of Oleaginous and
Fatty
Substances of All Kinds, and Hydrocarbons, for Purification
and other Purposes.
I ALFRED EDWARD MORGANS of Broad Street House, Old Broad Street, London,
E.C., Mining Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The chief object of this invention is to treat oils, fats, hydrocarbons, and other
oleaginous and fatty substances, in a simple and efficacious manner, to remove the
impurities, and otherwise to purify them, whereby they retain great powers of pre-
servation, but the invention is also applicable for bleaching and blending or mixing
these substances, when of like character, in any proportion required, so as to produce
a material of uniform purity, consistency, and quality.
The invention consists in acrating the oleaginous and fatty matters in suitable
vessels, either with hot or cold air, in combination with water or other suitable
liquids.
In carrying out this invention, as applied, by way of example, to the treatment of
cotton-seed oil, the oil is run into a suitably heated vessel containing a certain
quantity of warm water, and the vessel is closed and made air-tight.
A vacuum is then produced above the oil by means of a steam exhauster jet, or in
any other convenient manner, and the air, which enters at the bottom of the vessel
containing the oil and the warm water or other liquid, is caused to bubble up through
the liquids.
The effect of this bubbling up of the air is to agitato the oils or fats, and bring the
liquid and air into contact with these particles or constituents which will have more
or less affinity for the liquid. At the same time, many of the heavier particles will
become detached and sink into the liquid, while the air will carry off most of the
volatile impurities.
In case of the purification and treatment of edible oils and fats, they are subjected,
after the first treatment in the presence of air and water, to a second treatment in the
presence of air and milk or butter-milk, either alone, or in combination with water, for
the final elimination of all noxious elements.
In some cases I may also find it desirable to make the water more or less acid,
alkaline, saline, or saccharine, according to the nature of the material under
treatment.
In addition to the air bubbling up through, I may use a descending spray of water,
milk, or any other suitable fluid above the oils, fats, &c., which being of greater specific
gravity, will descend through and help to remove the impurities from the oil or fat.
water-
In treating the material, I prefer to use an apparatus containing a finely perforated
false bottom, or perforated coil or pipe, below or through which the air enters.
The vessel may be heated or cooled externally, if required, by means of
jacket. The air also can be heated or cooled by being made to pass through a coil
fixed in a suitable vessel, the coil being surrounded by water, the temperature of
which is raised or lowered in any convenient manner.
Dated this 24th day of December 1895.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in the Treatment of Oleaginous and Fatty
Substances of All Kinds, and Hydrocarbons, for Purification
and other Purposes.
I ALFRED EDWARD MORGANS of Broad Street House, Old Broad Street, London,
E.C., Mining Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The chief object of this invention is to treat oils, fats, bydrocarbons, and other
oleaginous and fatty substances, in a simple and efficacious manner, to remove the
impurities, and otherwise to purify them, whereby they retain great powers of pre-
servation, but the invention is also applicable for bleaching and blending or mixing
these substances, when of like character, in any proportion required, so as to produce
a material of uniform purity, consistency, and quality.
The invention consists in aërating the oleaginous and fatty-matters in suitable
vessels, either with hot or cold air, or both, in combination with water or other
suitable liquids.
In carrying out this invention as applied, by way of example, to the treatment of
cotton-seed oil, the oil is run into a suitably heated vessel containing a certain
quantity of warm water, and the vessel is closed and made air-tight.
A vacuuni is then produced above the oil by means of a steam exhauster jet, or in
any other convenient manner, and the air which enters at the bottom of the vessel
containing the oil and the warm water or other liquid, is caused to bubble up through
the liquids.
The effect of this bubbling up of the air is to agitate the oils or fats, and bring the
liquid and air into contact with those particles or constituents which will have more
or less affinity for the liquid. At the same time, many of the heavier particles will
become detached and sink into the liquid, while the air will carry off most of the
volatile impurities.
In case of the purification and treatment of edible oils and fats, they are subjected,
after the first treatment in the presence of air and water, to a second treatment in the
presence of air and milk or buttermilk, either alone or in combination with water, for
the final elimination of all noxious elements.
In some cases, I may also find it desirable to make the water more or less acid,
alkaline, saline, or saccharine, according to the nature of the material under
treatment.
In addition to the air bubbling up through, I may use a descending spray of water,
milk, or any other suitable fluid, above the oils, fats, &c., which being of greater
specific gravity, will descend through, and help to remove the impurities from the oil
or fat.
In treating the material, I prefer to use an apparatus containing a finely perforated
false botions, or perforated coil or pipe, below or through which the air enters.
The vessel may be heated or cooled externally, if required, by means of a water-
jacket. The air also can be heated or cooled by being made to pass through a coil
fixed in a suitable vessel, the coil being surrounded by water, the temperature of
which is raised or lowered in any convenient manner.
The apparatus which I use for the purposes of my invention is that for which
Letters Patent were granted to Robert Andrew dated 5th March 1894, No. 4622
The operation is as follows:-
A vessel, which I call the heating vessel, is partially filled with warin water, and
then the oil or melted fat is run in, so as to form a layer on the top of the water. Steam

page_text: being admitted to a jet exhauster, a vacuum is produced above the fat, and heated
air will pass into the bottom of the chamber, and will rise up through, and thoroughly
The air with the
permeate, the fatty matter, carrying with it more or less water.
volatile portion of the impurities will pass out through the top of the vessel, and be
carried away with the steam passing through the exhauster. When the liquid or
substance has been sufficiently treated with the heated air, it is placed in a second
vessel (which I call the cooling vessel), and will be then aërated in a similar manner
as in the first vessel, but with cold air, this vessel being supplied with cold water,
while the air is also cool. The air may be filtered or purified before being heated or
cooled, and it may be impregnated to give any required flavor or aroma to the liquid
to be treated. The spray will also be set going, and will throw liquid in finely-
divided streams on the top of the fat or other substance.
It will be obvious that the liquid or substance to be treated may, if required, be
alternately heated and cooled, and vice versa, as often as necessary.
In some cases I may find it advantageons to admit steam to the liquid or substance
under treatment, and this can be done by a pipe provided with a cock leading from
the steam pipe.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The process of treating oleaginous and fatty substances, liquid and solid hydro-
carbons, herein described, and consisting in subjecting the substance to be treated to
a simultaneous aërating and washing operation, by forcing air through the washing
liquid on the top of which the oleaginous matter is floating, as and for the purposes
set forth.
2. The process of purifying oils and fats, and liquid and solid hydrocarbons herein
described, and consisting in aerating the said substances by alternately forcing hot
and cold air through, in the presence of a suitable fluid, say water, either pure or
rendered acid, alkaline, saline, or saccharine, as and for the purposes set forth.
3. The process of treating oleaginous and fatty substances, and liquid and solid
hydrocarbons, herein described, consisting in causing air to pass in numberless fine
streams through water or other liquid, on the top of which the substance to be treated
in a liquid state is floating, as set forth.
4. In the treatment of edible oils and fats by the process above mentioned, the use,
in the place of water, of butter milk or milk, either alone or in combination with
water, as the washing liquid, as set forth.
Dated this 22nd day of September 1896.