CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF REFINING SOGARS
Year: 1809

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
VAUGHAN, of Bow, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present Majesty King George the Third, by His Royal
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-third day of September now last past, did give and
grant unto me, the said George Vaughan, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, His special licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I,
the said George Vaughan, my executors, administrators, and assigns, during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF REFINING
SOGARS;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso, obliging
ine, the said George Vaughan, by an instrument in writing under my band
and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same
to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
George Vaughan, do hereby describe and ascertain the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, by the
Drawing hereunto annexed, and as follows, that is to say :-

page_text: No. 17 is the form of a sugar mould, with the addition of a groove in the
top to receive a cover C, and a nose in the bottom, as shewn in the said
Figure 17; Number 1× is the floor, on which the tubes marked a, a, a, a, a,
are placed for a day's work of sugar, in which are placed thimbles, as at B,
to receive the mould, Number 17; Number 18 is a tube, in which the
crooked ends of tubes marked a are fixed as coming through the floor, and
are connected into tube Number 1, which is also connected with the large
horizontal tube Number 19, in which the cocks are. fixed from Numbers 1
to 16; Number 20 is a tube connected to Number 1, with a cock Number 21,
at the other end, in the middle of which is a turning joint, as at Number 22;
Numbers 23, 24, and 25 are three shutes, in which the syrups out of tube
Number 20 through cock 21 may be conducted as a first, second, or third
syrups into vatts Numbers 26, 27, and 28; Number 29 aud 30 are tubes with
cocks, as Numbers 31, 32, and glasses 33 and 34, through which the syrups are
to pass into receivers Number 35 and 36; Numbers 37, 38, 39, and 40 are
uprights, fixed on Numbers 35 and 36, to support No. 19; Numbers 41-and
42 are two rods, on which is a piece of light wood, which will rise with the
syrups to show when the receivers are full; Number 43. is a small round box,
to which is connected three small tubes, with a cock in cach, as Numbers
44, 45, and 46, The one end of Number 44 is connected to Number 35, and
Number 45 is connected to Number 36; tube Number 46 is connected at
the other end to air pump Number 47 at both ends. Numbers 48 and 49 are
two valves, which are to open in the inside of air pump Number 47; Numbers 50
and 51 are two valves, which are to let the air out of air pump Number 47;
Number 52 is a piston, and Number 53 is the rod on which the piston is
fastened; Numbers 54-and-55-are-chains, connected-to-cach-end-of-piston-rod-
Number 53, and go round wheels Numbers 56 and 57, which are both fastened
to crank Number 58; Number 59 is the end of crank, on which a wheel is
fixed, to be connected to a horse wheel or any other power for the working of
the said air pump; this pump may be worked either horizontal or perpendicular.
Numbers 60 and 61 are two tubes with a cock in each, connected to Numbers 35
and 36, and leading to tube Number 62, which is to have communication with
any vat that may be necessary for the syrups to run in. S is a strainer. in each
tube, leading from cock Number 1 to Number 16, which strainer is to be in a
kind of round box in the tube, with a sliding tube and stop to open to take out
anything that the strainer may stop. A similar tube as No. 20, with its cock.
Number 21 and joint 22, are to be connected to each of the other tubes from
Number 1 to Number 16. It will be necessary to have in the tube Number 19,

page_text: as many cocks with tubes as it may require days to refine large lumps of sugar,
the sugar being boiled and put in the moulds Number 17 in usual way.;
the moulds are placed in thimbles B, with a collar of leather on the nose of
Number 17, which is to keep it air-tight. The cover C is made to fit in the
groove of Number 17, round which there is some putty placed to keep it air-
tight; this being done, open cocks in tubes Numbers 46, 44, and 1, and cock 31,
then shut all the cocks in the horizontal tube Number 19 except Number 1, and
also shut cock Number 21; this being done, set the air pump to work, which will
exhaust the air out of the receiver Number 35, and also out of Numbers 19, 18,
and 1, together with the tubes marked a, and out of the sugars put thereon.
Continue the working of the pump about two hours, during which time the
syrups will drop from the sugars, and run along tubes a into tube Number 18,
from thence to Numbers 1, 19, 29, and into receiver Number 85. When receiver
35 is nearly full, shut, the cock 31 and cock in tube 44, and open cock 32
and cock in tube 45, when the air will be exhausted out of receiver 36, and it
will receive the syrups of No. 19; after which open cock in tube Number 60,
in order to draw off the syrups out of Number 35 to any vat that is to receive
it through tube Number 62; turn the cock Number 1 to cut off the commu-
nication with the air pump, take off the covers and put on the clays immediately
in the usual way; let this clay stand on four days if for double-refined sugars,
and longer if for singles or others; at the end of which time take the clays off
and put the covers on, and work the air pump, as before stated, one hour and
an half, then turn the cock and cut off the connection with the air
pump, and
immediately clay it a second time; let that clay, as before, remain on four days,
and then operate on the sugars, as last stated, for one hour and an half; then
turn the cock, and cut off the connection with the air pump, and immediately
knock the sugars out of the moulds to know what kind clay is necessary to put
on the third time, which must be immediately put on and suffered to remain
six days, at the end of which time lay the covers on and work it by the air
pump six hours, then let it stand till the next day; and work it about three
hours; the following or sixteenth day the sugar will be fit for the stove. It is
to be observed that tube Number 2 is connected to day's work Number 2, and
so on, to Number 16, which are in their regular rotation, as described in
Number 1. The moulds, as Number 17, are made of block tin, or of tin and
zinc, or tin, zinc, and lead mixed, but block tin I prefer, which moulds are cast
in iron or brass moulds, and may be made in the usual form, with a groove or
without, and may be put to stand in funnells instead of thimbles, but thimbles
I prefer; the proportions of tin and zinc to be three of tin to one of zinc,

page_text: or three of tin, one of zinc, and one lead. The tubes on and under the floors
may be made of tinned plates or any other metal, as also the receivers, all of
which are to be painted outside. The thimbles are made of tin, zinc, and lead,
or of any two of those metals in equal proportions and cast in a mould.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Vaughan, have hereunto set
4
my hand and seal, the Twenty-first day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and ten.
J. S. HARVEY.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Twenty-first day of March,
in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid George Vaughan came before our
Lord the King in IIis Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid,
and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written. And also the
Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute in
that case made and provided.
Inrolled the Twenty-third day of March, in the year above written.