Improvements in Wheel Tyres.
Year: 1898

page_text: Improvements in Wheel Tyres.
FRANK STANLEY WILLOUGHBY, Merchant, 12, Mosley Street, Manchester, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The first part of my invention refers to my Patent No. 21760/92 and is an
improvement in the formation of the short length detached metallic shoes clasped
upon the outer periphery of the rubber of any rubber tyred wheel as a flexible
protective armour but my invention must also be taken to refer to my other patents
and applications where short detached metallic shoes are employed as a protective
armour. The object of the present improvement is (1) to provide additional
security against the shoes being ripped off the india rubber (2) to give additional
lateral steadiness to the shoes (3) to minimise the abrasion and cutting of the
rubber by the shoes themselves. These objects I accomplish by making the
inturned sides or edges of the detached shoes a special shape which is as follows:-
In lieu of terminating the sides of the shoes immediately after the inturned edge
or bead I continue those sides in an outwardly splayed or semi-vertical direction
for a short distance. This continuation may be straight or concave on the inside
faces in either case these continued sides form a cup to contain the rubber for a
distance beyond the clasp affording considerable lateral support and doing away
with the cutting edge which is present when the sides of the shoes terminate
immediately after the clasping bead. For the purpose of identification I call
a shoe, shaped as above, a cup shaped shoe.
-
The second part of my invention also refers to all or any of the short length
detached metallic shoes employed under my patents and its object is (1) to keep
the ends of the shoes slightly apart from each other (2) whether kept apart or not
to prevent them from creeping along the rubber. These objects I accomplish in
the following manner. I make the inside of the tread of the shoe, concave or
convex from fore to aft or I furnish it with one or more transverse flutes or ribs,
and where the shoes have sides these also may be fluted or beaded transversely.
I mould the rubber accordingly to engage these elevations or depressions, or the
elasticity of the rubber may be found sufficient to engage them without special
moulding. The third part of my invention consists in making the metal rim,
which holds the india rubber, of cup shape in cross section similar to the shape
in cross section of the metallic shoes previously described not alone but in com-
bination with cup shaped, or other, short length metallic shoes secured upon the
outer periphery of that rubber.
The fourth part of my invention is to be used in combination with all or
any of the short length detached metallic shoes employed under my patents and
consists in moulding the rubber hollow along its length into which recess a core
of cork or similar suitable substance is inserted the object being to economise
the use of indiarubber.
The fifth part of my invention is to be used in combination with all or any
of the short length detached metallic shoes employed under my patents and is
an improvement in the rims of wheels containing the rubber. Its object is to

page_text: prevent the rubber from creeping along the rim. This object I accomplish in
the following manner. I form the inside of the rim against which the rubber
presses with transverse flutes or ribs these may be across the bottom of the rim
only across the sides only or may be across both the bottom and the sides. The
rubber will generally be moulded to engage these elevations or depressions but
in cases where these are slight the elasticity of the rubber will be found sufficient
to fill them up.
The sixth part of my invention has for its object the construction of a rubber
tyre rim of cup shape in cross section in such a way as to enable any wheelwright
without the aid of special tools to fit the rubber into the rim. To accomplish
this object I roll this cup rim with one of its clasping sides somewhat splayed or
open and after welding the two ends shrink it on the felly of the wheel with its
side still splayed the rubber can then be easily fitted in without special tools. The
splayed side the rim is then by hammering or in any other convenient way
closed up to its proper finished position.
Further in order that the act of closing up this splayed side shall not curl up
the base of the rim which is shrunk on the felly I make this side weaker than the
base so the closing up takes place from the side alone.
The seventh part of my invention can be used in combination with all or any
of my patents relating to armouring rubber tyres with short length detached
metallic shoes and may also be used in combination with any solid rubber carriage
tyre not armoured its main object is to prevent the rubber clongating. This I
accomplish by incorporating with the rubber, cord, canvas, rope, wire rope, some-
what slender wire, or other flexible but non-elongating material. This incorpora-
tion may take place near the base of the rubber which goes into the rim of
the wheel, near the outer periphery of the rubber on which the shoes are mounted,
or it may be about the centre line of the rubber forming a more or less substantial
core, or it may be at all these places, or it may be at intervals throughout the
whole body of the rubber. Future experiments will determine these exact
positions.
Dated this 10th day of M
1909
improvements in wneel Tyres.
FRANK STANLEY WILLOUGHBY, Merchant, 12, Mosley Street, Manchester, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My invention has reference to the inventions for which Letters Patent were
granted to me numbered 21760/92 and 29028/96. It consists of an improvement
in the formation of the short detached metallic shoes which are clasped upon the
outer periphery of the rubber of any rubber tyred wheel as a flexible protective
armour. In the practical working of my Patents Numbers 21760/92 and 29028/96
I have found (1) that the edges of the inturned sides A and B Fig. 1, cut
the rubber owing to the lateral pressure caused by the swing of the vehicle
(2) owing to the rubber having a thin waist across from CD or thereabouts
Fig. 1, there is great lateral movement allowed to the shoes, the rubber being
thin and weak about the parts where it ought to be thick and strong (3) the
shoes can heel over and become detached from the rubber without excessive
pressure.

page_text: To obviate these defects I construct my improved shoes (and mould the rubber
to fit same) as follows:-
Instead of the sides of the shoes terminating immediately after the inturned
edges or beads as shown in the said 1892 and 1896 patents and in Fig. 1 herewith,
I continue those sides in an outwardly splayed or semi-vertical direction more
or less (from their base) for a convenient distance as shown in Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. It will be seen that these extended sides form a cup which can
contain a mass of rubber and a considerable area is provided A X C and B Z D
(as opposed to the sharp noses A and B Fig. 1) to bear the lateral pressure
caused by the swing of the vehicle. Further the narrow waist. across from C
to D Fig. 1 has disappeared and the rubber is now thickest where most rubber is
required namely across from CD in Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and the excessive
lateral movement is obviated. The extension of the sides also renders the displace-
ment of the shoes from the rubber more difficult, a glance at the old and new
drawings will show that a heel over is not so likely to take place where the
improved shape of shoe is used.
With one exception the securing of the rubber to the rim forms no part of
my invention but the one exception is where I use a channel rim of cup section,
similar to the improved shoe herein described, in combination with that improved
shoe, the combination being shown in Fig. 9.
In order that the rubber may be prevented from elongation and consequently
becoming of smaller bulk circumferentially I incorporate with it during manu-
facture strips or bundles of canvas, lengths of cord, rope, wire rope, somewhat
slender wire or other flexible but non-elongating material. Thus incorporation
may take place about the centre line of the rubber forming a substantial flexible
core as shown at H in Fig. 11, or it may be at or about the base of the rubber as
shown at W in Fig. 11.
The most important place however and the one which I believe is novel is
near the outer periphery of the rubber upon which the shoes are mounted as
shown at N in Fig. 10, so placed, and in considerable quantities, it will in addition
to preventing elongation more or less destroy the property of displacement which
rubber has, consequently when the shoes are clasped on there is less likelihood
of their becoming detached again. It is advisable to open the shoes in order
to get them into place and close in the sides when in position.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is-
(1) An improvement in the shape of the metallic shoes employed in my Patents
Numbers 21760/92 and 29028/96 the improved shoes having their sides extended in
an outwardly splayed or semi-vertical direction to form a cup, beyond and after
the inturned bead which keeps them in position upon the rubber.
(2) In combination with the above special form of shoe, a metal rim of similar
cup section as shown in Figure 9.
(3) In combination with any protective armour which consists of short detached
metallic shoes. The incorporation with the rubber about its outer periphery, of
strips or bundles of canvas, lengths of cord, rope, wire rope, slender wire or other
flexible but non-elongating material.
Dated this 16th day of February 1899
FRANK STANLEY WILLOUGHBY.