Improvements in the Construction of Blast Furnaces, Shafts or Chimneys, or like Structures, and in Bricks or Blocks to be employed therein.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 1st July, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 21st Feb., 1894-Accepted, 24th Mar., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of Blast Furnaces, Shafts or
Chimneys, or like Structures, and in Bricks or Blocks to be
employed therein.
I, WILLIAM PORRITT INGHAM, of Middlesbrough-on-Tees, in the County of
York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the construction of blast furnaces,
shafts, or chimneys or like structures and in bricks or blocks to be employed
therein.
In the construction of blast furnaces and other structures built of bricks or
blocks it has hitherto been customary to form the blocks in plan of a tapered shape
the sides of each block being formed in continuation of radial lines drawn from
the centre or axis of the structure but this method of construction does not form
a structure that will resist much internal pressure.
Now the object of my present invention is to form the bricks or blocks and to
lay the courses in such manner that they will more effectually jinterlock and
afford a more perfect bond than heretofore both in relation to each other and to
adjacent courses.
For this purpose in lieu of forming the bricks or blocks of a shape having sides
radiating from the centre or axis of the structure I form the sides thereof so that
the joints between the bricks take a direction tangential to such axis or centre,
that is to say they form tangents to a circle of convenient size struck from the
centre or axis of the structure whilst the ends of the bricks are shaped to the form
of the structure.
In laying the bricks or blocks I cause the direction of the tangential lines of
one course to be reversed with relation to those of the next adjacent course, so
that such lines cross each other at the joints.
By the means hereinbefore described I obtain a more perfect lock or bond
between meeting bricks or blocks and between adjacent courses than heretofore
and I am thus enabled to obtain greater stability.
Dated this 1st day of July 1893.
VAUGHAN & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of Blast Furnaces, Shafts or
Chimneys, or like Structures, and in Bricks or Blocks to be
employed therein.
I, WILLIAM PORRITT INGHAM, of Middlesbrough-on-Tees, in the County of
York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in the construction of blast furnaces,
shafts or chimneys, or like structures and in bricks or blocks to be employed
therein.

page_text: In the construction of blast furnaces and other structures built of bricks or
blocks, it has hitherto been customary to form the blocks in plan of a tapered
shape, the sides of each block being formed in continuation of radial lines drawn
from the centre or axis of the structure, but this method of construction does not
form a structure that will resist much internal pressure.
Now, the object of my present invention is to form the bricks or blocks and to
lay the courses in such manner that they will more effectually interlock and afford
a more perfect bond than heretofore, both in relation to each other and to adjacent
courses.
For this purpose, in lieu of forming the bricks or blocks of a shape having sides
radiating from the centre or axis of the structure, I form the sides thereof so that
the joints between the bricks take a direction tangential to such axis or centre,
that is to say, they form tangents to a circle of convenient size struck from the
centre or axis of the structure, whilst the ends of the bricks are shaped to the
form of the structure.
In laying the bricks or blocks, I cause the direction of the tangential lines of
one course to be reversed with relation to those of the next adjacent course, so
that such lines cross each other.
And, in order that the said invention may be more clearly understood and
readily carried into effect, I will proceed, aided by the accompanying drawings,
more fully to describe the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1. is a plan of a portion of a blast furnace or shaft constructed according
to the present invention.
Figure 2. is a side elevation thereof.
Figure 3. is a plan of one of the bricks or blocks separately, and,
Figure 4. is a side view thereof.
Figure 5. is a similar view to Figure 1. but representing a slight modification in
the form of the bricks or blocks.
Figure 6. is a plan of one of the bricks or blocks separately, and,
Figure 7. is a side view thereof.
In the several figures like parts are indicated by similar letters of reference.
Referring to Figures 1. to 4, a. represents the bricks or blocks which instead of
being formed as heretofore of a shape having sides radiating from the centre or
axis of the structure have their sides shaped in such manner that the joints a³
between the bricks or blocks take a direction tangential to such axis or centre,
that is to say, they form tangents to an imaginary circle a of convenient radius
struck from the centre or axis of the structure, as indicated by the dotted lines a
in Figure 1, whilst the ends a' of the bricks or blocks a. are shaped to the contour
of the structure which might be circular, as represented in the drawings or square
or many-sided, as will be readily understood.
In building up the structure, the bricks or blocks are laid in such manner that
the direction of the tangential lines forming the joints of one course are
reversed with relation to those of the next adjacent course, so that such lines
cross each other at the joints, as represented by the full lines a³ and the dotted
lines a in Figure 1.
In the example given at Figures 5, 6, and 7, the bricks or blocks a. are formed
in such manner as to give an additional bond between adjacent bricks or blocks,
and which, for some purposes, might be an advantage.
For this purpose, the bricks or blocks a. are at their sides formed with
shoulders a facing in opposite directions which shoulders interlock with corre-
sponding shoulders upon adjacent bricks or blocks and thereby form an additionally
secure bond or lock between the same.
By the means hereinbefore described, I obtain a more perfect lock or bond
between meeting bricks or blocks and between adjacent courses than heretofore,

page_text: and I am thus enabled to obtain greater stability to the structure with little or no
increase in the cost thereof.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A blast furnace, a shaft or chimney or like structure, formed of bricks or
blocks shaped in such manner that the joints between the same take a direction
tangential to the centre or axis of the structure, substantially as herein shown and
described.
2. A blast furnace, a shaft or chimney or like structure, formed of bricks or
blocks shaped in such manner that the joints between the same take a direction
tangential to the centre or axis of the structure, the bricks or blocks being laid in
such manner that the tangential lines of one course are reversed with relation to
those of the next adjacent course, substantially as herein shown and described.
3. A brick or block to be employed in the construction of blast furnaces, shafts,.
or chimneys and the like, at its ends shaped to the contour of the structure to be
erected and at its sides tapered or shaped to form tangents to the centre or axis.
thereof, substantially as herein shown and described.
4. A brick or block to be employed in the construction of blast furnaces, shafts,.
or chimneys, and the like, at its ends shaped to the contour of the structure to be
erected and at its sides generally tapered or shaped to form tangents to the centre
or axis thereof and provided with shoulders facing in opposite directions,.
substantially as herein shown and described.
Deted this 21st day of February 1894
VAUGHAN & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.