Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Sept., 1887
Complete Left, 21st Apr., 1888
Complete Accepted, 25th May. 1888
We, AUGUST CHRISTIAN NAGEL, REINHOLD HERMANN KAEMP and ADOLF
LINNENBRÜGGE, Machine-manufacturers, residing at Hamburg, German Empire,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
Our invention relates to presses having reciprocating pistons and by means whereof
comminuted materials adapted to adhere together, are compressed into cakes following
each other in a continuous course or string, and its object is to enable the said presses
to produce hard and solid cakes without cracks or fissures, from bran, bruised grain
and other loose and elastic comminuted substances containing air or moisture or
both.
The said presses consist in a hopper from which extends a long tubular mouth-piece,
and in a piston moving to and fro at the bottom of the said hopper, and which at
every stroke pushes a certain quantity of the material contained in the hopper, from
the same into the mouth-piece, each preceding cake forming the bottom or surface
against which the following cake is pressed, and the series of cakes contained in the
mouth-piece producing by their friction within the latter the requisite resistance for
the condensation of the material.
If the material from which the cakes are to be made is loose and elastic, and if it
contains air, as is for instance the case with bran or bruised grain, it has been found
that the cakes on leaving the press as heretofore constructed, always have cracks,
which prejudice their solidity and cause them to become mouldy inside.
In view of obviating this defect we provide the walls of the mouth-piece with small
perforations, through which air and also any liquid contained in the material to be
compressed, may escape. Moreover, we form the outer end of the mouth-piece with
diverging walls, so that the cakes may gradually expand before leaving the press, and
finally we construct the reciprocating piston out of two parts, one of which is resilient,
the non-resilient part exercising an unelastic pressure either on the rim, or on the
middle portion of the cake in front of it, while the resilient part acting on the remaining
portion, produces an elastic and less strong pressure.
Dated the Thirteenth day of September 1887.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Presses with Reciprocating Pistons.
We, AUGUST CHRISTIAN NAGEL, REINHOLD HERMANN KAEMP and ADOLF
LINNENBRÜGGE, Machine-manufacturers, residing at Hamburg, German Empire,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
Our invention relates to presses having reciprocating pistons and by means whereof
comminuted materials adapted to adhere together, are compressed into cakes following
each other in a continuous course or string, and its object is to enable the said presses
to produce hard and solid cakes without cracks or fissures from bran, bruised grain
and other loose and elastic comminuted substances containing air or moisture or
both.
The said presses consist in a hopper from which extends a long tubular mouth-piece,
and in a piston moving to and fro at the bottom of the said hopper, and which at
every stroke pushes a certain quantity of the material contained in the hopper, from
the same into the mouth-piece, each preceding cake forming the bottom or surface
against which the following cake is pressed, and the series of cakes contained in the
mouth-piece producing by their friction within the latter the requisite resistance for
the condensation of the material.
If the material from which the cakes are to be made is loose and elastic, and if it
contains air, as is for instance the case with bran or bruised grain, it has been found
that the cakes on leaving the press as heretofore constructed, always have cracks which
prejudice their solidity and cause them to become mouldy inside.
In view of obviating this defect we provide the walls of the mouth-piece with small
perforations, through which air and also any liquid contained in the material to be
compressed, may escape. Moreover, we form the outer end of the mouth-piece with
diverging walls, so that the cakes may gradually expand before leaving the press, and
finally we construct the reciprocating piston out of two parts, one of which is resilient,
the non-resilient part exercising an unelastic pressure either on the rim, or on the
middle portion of the cake in front of it, while the resilient part acting on the remaining
portion, produces an elastic and less strong pressure.
On the annexed sheet of drawings Fig. 1 represents in vertical section a press of
the said kind provided with the first and second improvement. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal
section of an improved piston (drawn to a larger scale) whereof the inner portion is
yielding. Fig. 2" shows the operating parts thereof in different relative position.
Figs. 3, 3, 4 and 4" are like views of two modifications of this piston. Fig. 5 is a
longitudinal section of a piston having an outer yielding portion, Fig. 5" showing this
part after having been pushed back. Figs. 6, 6, 7 and 7 are two modifications of the
latter piston.
In the view of the press (Fig. 1) the lower portion a of the hopper only is shown.
bis the mouth-piece and c the piston. The upper portion of the mouth-piece is formed

page_text: by a tongue d pivoting on a pin e, and which can be adjusted by a screw f, so that the
surface of the tongue will either be parallel to the bottom of the mouth-piece, or
that the latter will taper more or less in the direction from d to d. The piston c is
operated by any suitable mechanism, not shown in the drawing, so that its end surface
will move to and fro between the points c' and e², and that thus a portion of the material
contained in the hopper will, at every stroke of the piston, be conveyed from the hopper
into the mouth-piece and be compressed therein, the cakes already formed being at
the same time pushed forward.
For allowing air and moisture to escape from the material while being compressed,
the mouth-piece is provided with the perforations g. By these means dense and solid
cakes are obtained within the press; but, as the material of which the cakes are
composed is itself elastic, the cakes will always expand more or less on leaving the
press, and if they are allowed to expand suddenly they invariably become cracked. If,
however, the said expansion is checked, so that it takes place slowly, the cracking will
either be prevented almost entirely, or at least diminished in a considerable measure.
In view hereof we so construct the mouth-piece that it gradually increases in width,
either vertically or horizontally or in both directions, from a certain point towards its
end. In the figure the width increases from №³ to the end d³. The portion from d²
to d³ is supposed to have parallel walls.
As a further means for obtaining cakes without cracks we have found it advantageous
to compress them more strongly either at the periphery or upon their middle portion,
as may be required by the nature of the material from which they are formed. A
piston by which a greater compression of the periphery or rim is obtained, is shown
by Fig. 2. This piston consists of an outer hollow part 1, formed in one piece with
the head o, which is acted upon by the operating mechanism, and of a disk i adapted
to slide in the end of the part h. The diski is fixed to a sliding bark having a
shoulder k¹, between which and the head o is inserted the spring. The said bar kis
guided in the disk m and in the head o, and it is provided with the nuts k², which
prevent it from being pushed beyond a certain point by the spring 1. The parts are
so adjusted that the disk i will, in its normal position, slightly project from the part h.
When, under these conditions, the piston is moved forward, the disk i, on encountering
a resistance superior to the strength of the spring 1, will be pushed into the part h
until the shoulder, formed upon the bar k, abuts against the disk m, the central
portion of the cake being thus compressed less than its periphery. Fig. 2 shows the
position of the disk i after having been pushed backward into the part h.
In the modified arrangement of the piston represented by Fig. 3, the disk i is
directly acted upon by the spring 1, and it is made thin enough and elastic so as to
yield in itself. (In the drawing these elastic disks are shown thicker than they are
carried out in practice.) In its rearmost position it abuts against shoulders ¹ formed
within the part h, as shown by Fig. 3ª.
Another modification is shown by Figs. 4 and 4", the spring being in this case
omitted, while the elastic disk i, which abuts with its rim against the edge of the
concave end surface of the part h, is free to recede into the latter.
Fig. 5 is a sectional view of a piston the outer part of which is yielding, while the
disk is rigidly connected by the bars n to the head o. The spring acts upon the
part through the medium of the bark having the shoulder k₁, and inserted with its
end into the cross-piece h², formed within the part h. By means of this piston the
central portion of the cakes is compressed more forcibly than the periphery. Fig. 5"
shows the part pushed backward in respect to the disk i.
Figs. 6 and 6 represent a modification of the latter piston in which the springs !
are placed between the rear end of the part and the piston-head o, the said head
having an extension p (equivalent to the bars n, Fig. 5) to which an elastic disk i is
fixed.
According to Figs. 7 and 7 the yielding capacity of the peripherical portion of the
piston is produced solely by the elastic disk i, which is fixed in the centre to the part p
of the piston the end surface of the said part being convex so as to allow the disk i
to bend backward at its periphery.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we claim
is :
1. The combination, with the hopper a and reciprocating piston c, of a mouth-
piece 6 having the perforations g, and increasing in width at its discharge end,
substantially as and for the purpose specified.
2. The combination, with the hopper a and mouth-piece b, of a reciprocating piston
composed of two operating parts h and i, one of the said parts being resilient in respect
to the other one, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
3. The combination together of the hopper a, the mouth-piece b having perforations g
and increasing in width at its discharge end, and a reciprocating piston composed of
two operating paris h and i, one of the said parts being resilient in respect to the
other one, substantially as hereinbefore specified and for the purpose set forth.
Dated the Nineteenth day of April 1888.
CARL PIEPER,
Agent for the Applicants.