IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SPINNING AND MANUFACTURE OF STICK AND ROLL TOBACCO, AND IN THE MACHINERY THEREFOR, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO THE SPINNING OF OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Wharton, of Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster, Millwright and Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SPINNING AND MANUFACTURE OF STICK AND ROLL
TOBACCO, AND IN THE MACHINERY THEREFOR, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE
TO THE SPINNING OF OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Sealed the 1st July 1870, and dated the 5th January 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Wharton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th January 1870.
I, WILLIAM WHARTON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Millwright and Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SPINNING AND MANUFACTURE OF STICK
AND ROLL TOBACCO, AND IN THE MACHINERY THEREFOR, PARTS OF WHICH ARE
APPLICABLE TO THE SPINNING OF OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows
(that is to say) :-
This Invention has for its object an improved system for the

page_text: A machine constructed according to this Invention may consist of a
suitable stationary iron frame, on which is mounted a drum or pulley
(of, say, about) four feet in diameter, and having a smooth periphery (of,
say) one foot wide keyed on to a transverse driving shaft, which works
in journals on each side of the frame, and carries a toothed driving
wheel into which works a toothed pinion on a second motion driving
shaft, as herein-after explained. On one side of the pulley is fitted an
endless travelling apron, one edge of which is in close proximity or in
contact with the edge of the periphery of the pulley for, say, a distance
of about two feet. This travelling apron is so arranged that it may be
driven at the same or varying speeds to the pulley to suit circumstances
through a plain friction wheel which impinges on the inner surface of
the drum, and is kept up to the inner surface of the rim by a weighted
lever. Immediately above the pulley drum and the travelling apron, in
an oblique direction across the top of the frame of the machine at an
angle (of, say) 30 degrees to the axle shaft of the large pulley wheel, is
mounted a pressing roller (of, say) 3 inches diameter, which just clears
the periphery of the drum wheel and the travelling apron, and has.its
bearings on the top of the opposite sides of the stationary frame. This
roller is formed with spiral threads by preference of a semi-round form
at the portion which crosses the travelling feed apron, then for a few
inches plain (for a reason herein-after explained), then the spiral threads
are continued, and extending obliquely across the periphery of the drum
wheel until within a short distance of its opposite edge, where the roller
is fitted with a bevel wheel gearing into a sister wheel on the second
motion driving shaft, and a small toothed wheel gearing into an inter-
mediate wheel which gear into a third wheel on the end of a second
pressing roller, which has its bearing on a. parallel reciprocating beam
jointed in such a way that the last-named pressing roller may be elevated
from the surface of the periphery of the drum wheel, as herein-after
explained. This last-mentioned roller has its axis parallel to and works
in close proximity to the first-described pressing roller. The short roller
is fitted with adjusting screws to set it at any distance from or a little
oblique to the long roller, and is formed with spiral threads, and a
smooth portion coinciding with the other roller a little tapered at the
end where it is smooth, but it is shorter and does not extend beyond the
drum wheel. On one side of the frame there is a vertical standard with
an horizontal 'spring arm connected by a link to a curved. lever fitted to
the beam carrying the short pressing roller for the purpose of keeping
-

page_text: the roller to its work, but at the same time allowing it to rise and
descend a given distance in event of an overcharge of material being
drawn under it. At the ends of the pressing rollers and in line there-
with there is mounted a flyer, through the neck of which the cord of
tobacco passes, and is carried over grooved antifriction pulleys on the
end of the flyer arm, and which is formed with a swiveling travelling
grooved pulley wheel for laying the spun tobacco evenly on to the
flyer reel or bobbin forming the roll, and is actuated by a sun-and-
plannet and worm wheel motion, the sun wheel being fixed on the side
of the recl. At every two coils laid on the reel a bell is struck to notify
to the attendant that the pegging and matting require to be done. The
bell is struck by a tilt hammer actuated from the worm shaft. The reel
is so arranged that it can be varied in capacity to make various sizes
of rolls, and rolls which can be withdrawn by extracting the reel spindle
through one end of the bobbin.
When the machine is used for manufacturing sticks or short length
rolled tobacco a guide or receiver and a reciprocating or revolving knife
are substituted for the flyer and reel. The first motion shaft, which is.
mounted on the top of the machine frame in rear and parallel to the
drum shaft, is fitted at one end with a stepped cone driving pulley and
with a toothed wheel which gears into a change wheel on a second and
parallel driving shaft, and at the reverse end with a beval wheel
which works into a beval wheel on the flyer neck. The second driving
shaft has also keyed thereon a spur or pinion wheel which gears into the
large toothed wheel actuating the drum wheel, and at the opposite end
the beval wheel which actuates the major pressing roller, and through
a toothed wheel thereon, and into an intermediate wheel the short
pressing roller. Immediately over the travelling apron parallel to and
in front of the long pressing roller there is a stationary guard, which
with the travelling apron and roller form a trough or depot to receive
the "filler" or small tobacco used to form the interior of the cord.
In some cases it is preferred to use three smooth rollers mounted so
as to cross each other at an angle of, say, 30 degrees, and which are in
close proximity to each other, and are actuated from a tooth wheel on
the flyer neck gearing into oblique beval wheels on the ends of the
rollers. In this arrangement the tobacco is fed into the rollers at the
point of junction. The rollers are mounted in spring bearings, which
give the required pressure to the tobacco and play to the rollers. When

page_text: .
the three crossed rollers are used the spiral fluted rollers and. drum'
wheel are dispensed with.
In some cases a plain reel may be used in place of the dismembering
one described forming the yarn guide actuated by a swivelling nut and
a cross cut screw.
The making up table consists of a suitable frame supporting a flat top,
and a pair of standards to receive and support the reel, that the roll of.
tobacco may be conveniently enclosed at the side by a canvas wrappering
and corded. The table frame carries a travelling platform, upon which
the reel containing the rolls of tobacco (after being wrapped and corded
are laid endways up) are conveyed beneath a vertical screw and.
stationary platform used to extract the bobbin spindle, upon with-
ḍrawing which the rolls are drawn out and the cavity in the centre of
the roll filled up with twist tobacco similar to the body of the roll,
which is accomplished by the aid of a pair of wooden dies of the length
coinciding with the dimension of the roll into which a length or lengths
of spun tobacco are placed, and are pressed to a form to fill up the hole
in the roll previously occupied by the bobbin spindle, after which the
rolls of tobacco are carried to a peculiar constructed stoving press, which
may be used either hot or cold. This press consists of a vertical double-
sided chamber having steam at a pressure of about, say, 16 lb. to the
square inch introduced between the inner and outer casing, which it is
preferred should be of a cylindrical form, and of not less diameter than
will readily take in the largest roll of spun tobacco. The lower end of
the stove rests on an open frame, with a vertical rising screw, carrying
a platten and stout sliding plate to receive the screw thrust. The rolls
of tobacco to be stoved are placed between loose plates of metal so that on
the withdrawal of the thrust plate they can be let down on to the platten
on the head of the screw, and on returning the thrust plate the required
pressure can be given to the tobacco, and so on. The side of the stove
may be fitted with a door or doors for filling the same, or it may be
filled from the top or the bottom.
The system of manufacturing twisted tobacco by the aid of the
improved apparatus herein-before described is, first, having prepared
the leaf tobacco as commonly now practised when it is intended to be
hand spun in the ordinary manner, the tobacco forming the filling or
centre part of the "roll" or "twist" tobacco is supplied to the trough
in front of the long fluted roller and immediately over the travelling

page_text: apron, which is by the rotation of the roller and apron immediately
formed and slightly twisted round, and by the action of the roller and
spirals thereon is carried obliquely on to the periphery of the drum
wheel, passing between the two pressing rolls takes up the wrappers,
i.c., large leaves of tobacco which surround the cord; they being spread
out on the face of the drum wheel arc carried forward under the short
pressing roller, and by the joint action of the pressing rollers and drum
are tightly folded spirially round the filling; thence through the flyer
neck on to the take-up reel if for "twist " tobacco, but if for "roll" or
stick tobacco into the guide, where, it is cut off to the required length
by the rotating or reciprocating knife herein-before referred to.
•
When rolls of tobacco are being manufactured, after the reel is taken
out of the flyer it is carried to the making up table and placed upon the
two upright standards, where it is canvassed and corded, and afterwards
treated as herein-before described, when it is ready for the market.
The arrangement of apron and pulley drum herein-before described
may be varied in several ways, as for instance, the apron may be
dispensed with by making the drum pulley so much wider, or by
substituting a second drum pulley wheel; for the apron or drum pulley
may be entirely dispensed with by using an apron or aprons, or by the
use of a reciprocating table, or with a stationary table and reciprocating
platform, or a pulley drum wheel and stationary table may be used..
And in some cases one of the oblique pressing rollers only need be
spirally grooved, and that even only partially; but it is preferred to
construct them as herein-before first described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Wharton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 5th July 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
WHARTON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Millwright and
Engineer, send greeting."
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of January, in the year.
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Wharton, Her special

page_text: licence that I, the said William Wharton, my executors, administrators
and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Wharton, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during tho term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might makė, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE SPINNING AND MANUFACTURE OF STICK AND ROLL TOBACCO, AND IN THE
MACHINERY THEREFOR, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO THE SPINNING OF
OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said William Wharton, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Wharton, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say)
This my said Invention has for its object an improved system for the
manufacture of "roll" and " twist" tobacco, and in the machinery
therefor.
A machine constructed according to this, my said Invention may
consist of a suitable stationary iron frame, on which is mounted a drum
or pulley (of say, about) four feet in diameter, and having a smooth
periphery (of, say) one foot wide, keyed on to a transverse driving shaft,
which works in journals on each side of the frame, and carries a toothed
driving wheel, into which works a toothed pinion on a second motion
driving shaft, as hercin-after explained. On the side of the pulley is
fitted an endless travelling apron, one edge of which is in close proximity
or in contact with the edge of the periphery of the pulley for, say, a
distance of about two fect. This travelling apron is arranged that it
may be driven at the same or varying speeds to the pulleys, to suit
circumstances, through a plain friction wheel which impinges on the
inner surface of the drum up to the inner surface of the rim by a
weighted lever or by a tightening screw immediately above the pulley
drum, and the travelling apron in an oblique direction across the top of

page_text: the frame of the machine at an angle of, say 30 degrees. To the axle
shaft of the large pulley wheel is mounted a pressing roller (of, say,)
3 inches diameter, which just clears the periphery of the drum wheel
and the travelling apron, and has its bearings on the top of the opposite
sides of the stationary frame. This roller I form with spiral threads, by
preference of a semi-round form at the portion which crosses the
travelling feed apron, then for a few inches plain (for a reason herein-
after explained), then. the spiral threads are continued, and extending
obliquely across the periphery of the drum wheel until within a short
distance of its opposite edge, where the roller is fitted with a beval
wheel gearing into a sister wheel on the second motion driving shaft,
and small toothed wheel gearing into an intermediate wheel, which gear
into a third wheel on the end of a second pressing roller, which has its
bearing on a parallol reciprocating beam jointed in such a way that the
last named pressing roller may be elevated from the surface of the
periphery of the drum wheel, as herein-after explained. This last-men-
tioned roller has its axis parallel to and works in close proximity to the
first-described pressing roller. The short roller is fitted with adjusting
screws to set it at any distance from or a little oblique to the long
roller, and is formed with spiral threads and a smooth portion coinciding
with the other roller a little tapered at the end where it is smooth, but
in most cases I prefer it to be shorter and not to extend beyond the
drum wheel, but the length of this roller will depend upon the kind of
spinning to be done. This roller I prefer should be formed with an egg
end on the feed side, and a little smaller on the back from the first
bearing about the centre of the drum from 1 to 4 inches, but before
the diameter of the roller is reduced there are several spiral threads
occupying a space of, say, from 1 to 4 inches. The roller may be
extended to any required distance beyond its reduced diameter and may
be either smooth or spiral threaded. On one side of the frame there is
a vertical standard with an horizontal spring arm connected by a link
to a curved lever fitted to the beams carrying the short pressing roller
for the purpose of keeping the roller to its work, but at the same time
allowing it to rise and descend a given distance in event of an overchargo
of material being drawn under it. I prefer to extend the spring lever
described a short distance in rear of its fulcrum, and connect that end
with two compound levers by a connecting link for giving motion to a
pointer fitted on to a small rocking shaft provided with a latteral armı,
which is jointed to the outer end of one of the compound levers. I uso

page_text: a revolving brush or mop to keep the diagonal pressing rollers clean,
which may be driven by the stud pinion, or in any other convenient
manner. At the ends of the pressing rollers and in line therewith there
is mounted a flyer, through the neck of which the cord of tobacco
passes, and is carried over grooved antifriction pulleys on to the end
of the flyer arm, and which I form with a swivelling travelling grooved
pulley wheel for laying the spun tobacco evenly on to the flyer rcel or
bobbin forming the roll, and is actuated by a sun-and-plannet and
worm wheel motion, the sun wheel being fixed on to the side of the reel
by axle. The worm wheel motion may be dispensed with by using
beval pinion wheels, as will be well understood, but I much prefer the
first described arrangement. At every two coils laid on the reel a bell
is struck. to notify to the attendant that the pegging and matting require
to be done. The bell is struck by a tilt hammer actuated by a pin in
the worm wheel. The reel I so arrange that it can be varied in capacity
to make various sizes of rolls, and rolls which can be withdrawn by
extracting the reel spindle through one end of the bobbin.
When the machine is used for manufacturing sticks or short length
rolled tobacco I substitute a guide or receiver and a reciprocating or
revolving knife for the flyer and reel. The first motion shaft, which is
mounted on the top of the machine frame in rear and parallel to the
drum shaft, is fitted at one end with a stepped cone driving pulley a
cylindrical brush or mop for keeping the periphery of the large drum
clean, and with a toothed wheel which gears into a change wheel on a
second and parallel driving shaft, and at the reverse end with a beval
wheel which works into a beval wheel on the flyer neck. The second
driving shaft has also keyed thereon a spur or pinion wheel which
into the large toothed wheel actuating the drum wheel, and at the
opposite end the beval wheel which actuates the major pressing roller,
and through a toothed wheel thereon into an intermediate wheel the
short pressing roller. Immediately over the travelling apron parallel to
and in front of the long pressing roller there is a stationary guard, which
with the travelling apron and roller form a trough or depôt to receive
the "filler" or small tobacco used to form the interior of the cord.
"
gears
In some cases I prefer to use three smooth rollers mounted so as to
cross each other at an angle of say 30 degrees, and which are in close
proximity to each other at a given point, when their diameter are a little
reduced, and are actuated from a toothed wheel on the flyer neck gearing

page_text: :
into oblique beval wheels on the ends of the rollers. In this arrangement
I feed the tobacco into the rollers in front of the point of junction.
The rollers are mounted in swivel bearings at their pinnion ends. The
front crossing roller is kept up to its work by a spring much in the same
way as that described as applied to the short pressing roller in the first
described modification, which gives the required pressure to the tobacco
and play to the rollers.
'
In this modification I use an endless feed apron, which travels over
and gets its motion from under the horizontal roller of the set of three,
which is extended beyond the crossing point of the set for that purpose.
This feed apron is extended horizontally therefrom and kept disterided
by a parallel roller working on fixed bearings at each end. A spiral
threaded roller is mounted obliquely across the top of the apron and
parallel with the flyer axis for taking in the small tobacco for forming
the "filling," which is spread on the top of the apron, and the wrapper
is fed from the oblique edge of the same nearest to the set of three
'rollers. When the three cross rollers are used the spiral fluted rollers
and drum wheel are dispensed with.
'
In some cases I use a plain reel in place of the dismembering one
described, forming the yarn guide actuated by a swivelling nut and a cross
cut screw.
The making up table consists of a suitable frame supporting
a flat top and a pair of standards to receive and support the reel that the
roll tobacco may be conveniently enclosed at the side by a canvas
wrappering and corded. The table frame carries a travelling platform
upon which the reel containing the rolls of tobacco (after being wrapped
and corded are laid endways up) are conveyed beneath a vertical screw
and stationary platform used to extract the bobbin spindle, 'upon with-
drawing which the rolls are drawn out, and the cavity in the centre of
the roll filled up with twist tobacco similar to the body of the roll, which
is accomplished by the aid of a pair of wooden dies of the length
coinciding with the dimension of the roll into which a length or lengths
of spun tobacco are placed and are pressed to a form to fill up the hole
in the roll previously occupied by the bobbin spindle. This may be con-
veniently done by the aid of two vertical standards the tops of which
are arranged to support the reel when withdrawn from the flyer of the
forming machine, one of the standards being fitted with a hook having
a square shank working therethrough and has a drawing motion given
to it by a cord and weight or its mechanical equivalent, and the opposite

page_text: standard being fitted with a like hook but which is capable of being
rotated by a crank handle on the outer end of the shank. The required
quantity of spun tobacco for filling up the cavity in the centre of the roll
of tobacco is wrapped round the two hooks when it is twisted together by
rotating the hook fitted with the crank handle, when it is taken off the
hooks, placed in the mould, and pressed to the required size and form,
after which the rolls of tobacco are carried to a peculiar constructed
stoving press which may be used either hot or cold. This press consists
of a vertical double sided chamber having steam at a pressure of about say,
.16 lbs. to the square inch, introduced between the inner and outer casing
which it is preferred should be of a cylindrical form and of not less
diameter than will readily take in the largest roll of spun tobacco. The
lower end of the stove rests on an open frame with a vertical rising screw
carrying a platten and stout sliding plate to receive the screw thrust.
The rolls of tobacco to be stoved are placed between loose plates of metal,
so that on the withdrawal of the thrust plate they can be let down on to
the platten on the head of the screw, and on returning the thrust plate
the required pressure can be given to the tobacco, and so on.
The side
of the stove may be fitted with a door or doors for filling the same, or it
may be filled from the top or the bottom.
In some cases I prefer to construct the steam-tight casing of the press
detached so that it may be removed or replaced at pleasure for the more
conveniently getting at the press, in which case I propose to suspend
the casing by chains or cords working over pulleys fixed overhead and
counterweighted the steam being introduced by means of jointed pipes;
this movable steam jacket may be arranged to be suspended on a jib
crane, so that it may be made available for surrounding several presses
ad seriatum that the tobacco in one press may be stoved while the other
are being filled or discharged and in which arrangement the presses may
be of any convenient form to suit the movable steam jacket.
My system of manufacturing twisted tobacco by the aid of my in-
proved apparatus herein-before described is, first, having prepared the
leaf tobacco as commonly now practised when it is intended to be hand
spun in the ordinary manner. The tobacco forming the filling or centre
part of the "roll," or "twist" tobacco I supply to the trough in front
of the long fluted roller, and immediately over the travelling apron,
which is by the rotation of the roller and apron immediately formed
and slightly twisted round, and by the action of the roller and the spirals

page_text: "
thereon is carried obliquely, on to the periphery of the drum wheel,
passing between the two pressing rolls, takes up the wrappers, i.c., large
leaves of tobacco which surround the core; they being spread out on the
face of the drum wheel are carried forward under the short pressing
roller, and by the joint action of the pressing rollers and drum are
tightly folded spirally round the filling, thence through the flyer neck on
to the take up reel if for "twist " tobacco, but if for "roll",
"stick
or
tobacco into the guide, where it is cut off to the required length by the
rotating or reciprocating knife herein-before referred to. The rolls of
tobacco being manufactured is after the reel is taken out of the flyer
carried to the making up table and placed upon the two upright
standards, where it is canvassed and corded, and afterwards treated as
herein-before described, when it is ready for market.
The arrangement of apron and pulley drum herein-before described may
be varied in several ways, as, for instance, the apron may be dispensed with
by making the drum pulley so much wider or by substituting a second
drum pulley wheel for the apron or drum pulley may be entirely dis-
pensed with by using an apron or aprons or by the use of a reciprocating
table or revolving table or with a stationary table and reciprocating
platform, or a pulley drum wheel, and stationary table may be used.
And in some cases one of the oblique pressing rollers only need be
spirally grooved, and that even only partially but I prefer to construct
them as herein-before first described.
That this my said Invention may the more readily be seen and
understood, I have hereunto annexed Drawings of a plan and elevation.
of one of my improved machines for spinning tobacco and other
substances.
Like letters and figures marked thereon are used to denote similar
parts.
Figure 1 is a plain or top view; Figure 2 is an elevation of the
same.
'
A, the stationary frame; B, large drum wheel on C, a shaft on one
end of which is keyed D a large tooth wheel which gears into Ea
pinion on F transverse shaft, on the reverse end of which is keyed G a
bevel wheel which gears into H a second bevel wheel on the end of Ja
long stationary roller which revolves obliquely across the large drum B;

page_text: K, a stud wheel which gears into L, pinion on shaft of short roller, M
spindle which gives motion to N, short roller which is partially covered
by P, a metal guard fixed on the bearing of the short roller N, and which
conceals the outer bearing of the said short roller. Above and between
the rollers. N. and J is Q, a revolving brush actuated by a side stud in
the pinion K; the front short roller is fixed on to R, a swivelling beam
which rocks on the bearings of the long roller J, and which is kept in
position by S, a spring fixed on the head of T, an upright standard; U,
fixed standard on the rocking beam with curved hooked head; V, a link to
which is connected W, an adjusting screw which connects it with the
spring S, on the outer end of which is fitted X, a short link rod connecting
the outer end of the spring S with Y and Y¹, two compound levers, to
the axle of which is connected a rocky arm and Z, a pointer travelling
over and under scale. a, a step cone pulley which is fitted loosely on to b,
a driving shaft on which is keyed d, a friction plate faced with leather
on the surface next to the cone pulley a, which is kept to the friction
plated by e a screwed nut; f, a tooth pinion on the first driving shaft b,
which gears into s, a tooth wheel on the outer end of the second driving
shaft F, which gives motion to the large drum B, through the large
toothed wheel D, and through bevel gear G actuates the long roller J.
h, a circular brush on the axle of the first driving shaft b, the bristles of
which are arranged spirally round the surface of the cylindrical stock; i,
bevel wheel on the first motion shaft 6 gearing into the bevel wheel j, a
bevil wheel on the end of %, an oblique shaft having its bearings at b
and 6, and the outer end of which carries m a smooth disc or cam
wheel having a notch in the periphery and at one side, and in line
therewith a short projecting arm or tooth which at each revolution gears
into one of a set of studs springing at right angles from n, a stud pin
wheel which actuates p, a revolving knife. The latteral stud wheel n is
formed with a scries of curves on the periphery to prevent its turning
round except when the same coincides and is allowed to escape as the
indentation in the disc wheel n comes round to the points of the curves,
which carries round the wheel and knife the distance of one notch by
the side arm or tooth acting on one of the side studs.
This is a
system of wheelwork known as calculating machine wheels, and are
used in Edwards's Gas Metrc, described in the Specification of Letters
Patent granted to Thomas Edwards, dated July 7th, 1862, and numbered
1957.

page_text: The last described shaft with its gear is used for cutting the stock
tobacco into lengths in which the flyer and recl are not used, but
when the flyer and reel are used the shaft / and its appurtenances
are removed.
When the cutting apparatus described is used the
flyer is held stationary by a set screw in the bearing so as to form a
bearing for the gear described. q, inner bearing for the shaft ; r, bevel
wheel on the first motion shaft, which gears into s, a second bevel wheel
keyed on to t, the flyer neck or spindle; u, the flyer; v, a sun wheel
on the end of w, a reel which takes up the spun tobacco; x, planet wheel
into which the sun wheel gears, and which is fixed on to y, a worm
shaft which works through z, a tubular stud; a, a worm wheel the axle of
which projects and works through b, a hollow T bearing; c, a slotted
crank arm, to which is attached d, a connecting rod which gives motion
to e, a reciprocating carriage on which is mounted f, f, grooved
antifriction pulleys over which the spun tobacco travels and is evenly
laid on the reel. The groove pulley f is mounted on a swivelling arm or
neck to allow the position of the pulley to accommodate itself to the
increasing diameter as the tobacco fills on the reel.
g, a grooved
antifriction guide pulley mounted in the flyer neck.
The carriage e
travels over han horizontal arm springing from a swan neck attached to
the periphery of the flyer u extending across the reel parallel to the axis
thereof. The carriage e is held in position by two pairs of grooved
wheels which clip the edge of the bed h; i, a groove friction pulley on the
end of the reel w; j, grooved friction band over which lays k, a friction
band, one end of which is attached to m, a lateral arm springing from n,
a weighted lever which has its fulcrum at p, on the end of q, a shaft on
which the lever is capable of adjustment within the frame, the outer
end of which is supported by r, a bracket; s, a second fixed arm or stud
on the side of the weighted lever n, to which one end of the friction strap
is connected; t, a sliding weight; u and u¹, a pair of spacing blocks for
keeping the reel in position, on the removal of one of which the reel
can be thrown out of gear, and on removal of the other the reel may be.
withdrawn.
•
e.
In making sticks or tobacco in lengths the twist tobacco is delivered
into a spout or trough, along which it travels to the desired length, when
it is cut off by the rotating knife, at which action the weight of the
tobacco causes the receiving spout to tilt and discharges the lengths into
the basket or other suitable depot placed below to receive the same.

page_text: Having now fully described and astertained the nature of this my
said Invention, and the best manner I am acquainted with for carrying
the same into practical effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise detail, relative proportion or dimensions
herein-before described, set forth, and illustrated, as it will be readily scen
that the same may be considerably varied without departing from the
Invention; but what I claim is,-
First. The two forming or pressing rollers mounted obliquely across
the periphery of the drum wheel and apron on the drum wheel alone, or
the apron alone, or other travelling surface which carries the feed (i.e.
the filling and wrappers) operated substantially in the manner and for the
purposes herein-before described and set forth.
Secondly. Forming the rollers with spiral grooves and plain surfaces
or entirely spirally grooved or entirely plain, substantially in the manner
and for the purposes herein-before described and set forth.
Thirdly. The metal shield pen over a portion of the small pressing and
forming roller for guiding the wrapper, substantially in the manner
herein-before described and set forth.
•
Fourthly. The cylindrical revolving brushes or mops for cleaning the
periphery of the drum wheel and pressing and forming rollers, substantially 2
in the manner herein-before described.
Fifthly. The application of the sun-and-planet motion for laying
the cord evenly on the take up reel, as herein-before described and set
forth.
Sixthly. The construction of reels that the same may be dismembered 2
substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein-before described
and set forth..
Seventhly. The loose friction cone in combination with the fixed friction
plate and tightening nut, substantially in the manner and for the
purposes herein-before described and set forth.
Eighthly. The use of the friction brake actuated substantially in the
manner and for the purpose herein-before described and and set forth.
Ninthly. The set of three rollers set or mounted obliquely or diagonally
to each other, substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein-
before described and set forth.
3
3

page_text: Tenthly. The use of a loose steam jacket for surrounding tobacco
presses, as herein-before described and set forth.
Eleventhly. The peculiar arrangement of the apparatus for making
and cutting the tobacco into lengths or sticks by the rotating knife and
the use of the receiving are or tilting trough herein-before described.
And, lastly. The general arrangement and combination of the several
parts of the apparatus operated substantially in the manner and for the
purposes herein-before described and set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the, said William Wharton, have hereunto
set my hand and affixed my seal, this Fourth day of July, in the
year of our Lord. One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
Witness,
WILLIAM WALKER,
of 44, Castle Street,
Liverpool.
WILLIAM (L.s.) WHARTON.