IMPROVE- MENTS IN SECURING BUSHES TO AXLES AND WHEELS; AND, IN COMBINATION WITH THE SAME IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE MEANS FOR PREVENTING DEAD SHOCKS to be as follows:
Year: 1884

page_text: I JAMES DAKERS of 24 Union Row Aberdeen in the County of Aberdeen
Coachbuilder, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SECURING BUSHES TO AXLES AND WHEELS; AND, IN COMBINATION WITH
THE SAME IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE MEANS FOR PREVENTING DEAD SHOCKS
to be as follows:-
"
This invention refers to an improved way of securing bushes to axles and wheels,
and in combination with the same of parts of two of my prior patents Nos 3895
of 25 September 1880, and 6071 of 20 December 1882.
According to this present invention I make the axle arm and journal as described
in the specification of patent N° 6071 of 1882 that is the axle arın is made to
form a bearing surface, at the end of which I form a shoulder by making the
journal part of less diameter, and form and bore the inner end of bush to corre-
spond to size of arm. On this arm made as described I make, or attach an outside
bearing collar and countersink or recess the inner end of bush sufficient to admit
of the said collar entering and to have slight latoral movement On the arm
behind the collar I use a plate which I secure to bush, or both bush and wheel by
bolts.
The inner end of bush is formed with an outside flange sufficient for holes for
the ends or stems of the aforesaid bolts 'to pass through. These bolts are formed
with a suitable head and square to prevent turning and may go through the navo
of wheel from the outside, and flange on bush and plate on arm and be fitted with
outside nuts to secure the whole. Or short bolts or screws may be used passing
through back plate and screwing into flange on bush. Between the back plate and
collar on arm a washer of leather is used, which closely encircles the said arm and
is pressed against the inner end of bush, by back plate when the latter is secured
to the bush as before described.
The improvements in the arrangement of the means for preventing dead shocks
consists in dispensing with the screwed on bearing collar, and screwed on cap to
bush described in the specification of patent N° 3895 of 1880.
On the journal part of axle I use two loose fitting bearing collars with bevilled
faces which bear against bevilled bearings in bush, these collars are held against

page_text: their bearings by spiral springs on journal, one spiral spring abutting against the
shoulder aforesaid and the other being retained by jam nuts at end of journal, the
springs being sufficiently compressed by the jam nuts to cause the collars to take
all the bearing when the wheel is turning in ordinary use, but sufficient lateral
movement provided for to allow either of the springs to be slightly depressed
and consequently the bush to move correspondingly in event of a sudden jerk or
shock, the outside collar on arm only coming against back plate when such lateral
movement of the bush takes place, the back plate and collar on
additional security for rétaining the bush, and also in securing the latter in
wheel.
arm affords
COMPLET
TECIFICATION.
I JAMES DAKERS of 24 Union Row Aberdeen, Coachbuilder, do hereby declare
the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING BUSHES TO AXLES
AND WHEELS; AND, IN COMBINATION WITH SAME IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE
MEANS FOR PREVENTING DEAD SHOCKS and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention refers to an improved way of securing bushes to axles and wheels,
and in combination with the same of parts of two of my prior patents N°F 3895
of 25 September 1880 and 6071 of the 20 December 1882.
According to this present invention I make the axle arm and journal as described
in the specification of patent No 6071 of 1882; that is the axle arm is made to
form a bearing surface at the end of which I form a shoulder by making the
journal part of less diameter and form and bore the inner end of bush to corre-
spond to size of arm. On this arm made as described I make or attach an outside
bearing collar and countersink or recess the inner end of bush sufficient to admit
of the said collar entering and to have slight lateral movement. On the arm
behind the collar I use a plate which I secure to bush, or both bush and wheel by
bolts. The inner end of bush is formed with an outside flange sufficient for holes
for the ends or stems of the aforesaid bolts to pass through. These bolts are formed
with a suitable head and square to prevent turning and may go through the nave

page_text: bf wheel from the outside and flange on bush and plate on arm and fitted with
outside nuts to secure the whole or short bolts or screws may be used passing
through back plate and screwing into flange on bush. Between the back-plate and
collar on arm a washer of leather is used which closely encircles the said arm and
is pressed against the inner end of bush by back-plate when the latter is secured
to the bush as before described. The improvements in the arrangement of means
for preventing dead shocks enables the screwed on bearing collar and screwed on
cap to bush described in the specification of patent N° 3895 of 1880, to be
dispensed with; the improved arrangement being as follows. On the journal part
of axle I use two loose fitting bearing collars with bevilled faces which bear against
bevil bearings in bush; these collars are held against their bearings by two spiral
springs on journal, one spiral spring abutting against the shoulder aforesaid and
the other being retained by jam nuts at end of journal; the springs being
sufficiently compressed by the jam nuts to cause the collars to take all the bearing
when the wheel is turning in ordinary use, but sufficient movement is provided
for to allow either of the springs to be slightly compressed and consequently the
bush and wheel to move correspondingly in event of a sudden lateral jerk or shock,
the outside collar on arm only coming against back plate when such lateral move-
ment of the bush takes place. The back-plate and collar affords additional security
for retaining the bush and also in securing the latter in wheel.
To enable my invention to be properly understood I will proceed to describe
the same by aid of the accompanying drawings.
Figures 1. 2. 3. and 4 show longitudinal views of different ways of carrying out
this invention, and how I combine parts of the two patents aforesaid with the
same.
Figure 5 being a detached view of a part shown in the preceeding figures. In
all the figures the same letters of reference are used to denote the same parts
where shown.
Figure 1 shows how I combine this invention with part of the invention
described in the specification of my patent No 6071 of 1882. a, is journal of axle,
b arm of same, c bush, d back-plate, e, screw bolts, f, collar on arm, g. recess in
inner end of bush for collar f, h, circular groove within bush for lubrication,
i leather washer on journal, k, leather washer between back-plate and inner end of
busb,, shoulder at end of arm formed from the solid by the journal part being of
less diameter than the arm b: q inner bearing in bush.
The journal arm b is formed cylindrical for a bearing surface, and the inner end
of bush being made and bored to suit same.
Figure 2 shows how I combine this invention with the whole of the invention
described in the specification of my Patent No 6071 of 1882; m, being the bearing
collar at outer end of journal to take part of bearing from collar f the interior of
bush being made with a tapered bearing corresponding to the face of the collar m;
the other parts being as previously described.
Figure 3 shows how I combine this invention with parts of those described in
the specifications of my patents Nos 3895 of 1880, and 6071 of 1882, m and n,
loose fitting collars on journal a, o spiral spring between collar n and shoulder;
2 spiral spring secured and kept compressed against collar m by nuts. According
to the arrangement shown in this view (Fig 3) the shoulder (a in specification
N° 6071 of 1882) is made nearer the inner end of bush than in the preceeding
figures to admit of a loose fitting collar m and spiral spring o-the same as is
described in specification N° 3895 of 1880-to be used in bush without increasing
the length of the latter, the inner bearing q, being made tapered to correspond to
face of collar n. In this plan the collar instead of bearing continuously against
washer k, is set free of it as shown, and only has a bearing when either spring is
sufficiently compressed by a lateral strain. If preferred a washer of leather may
be used on the outer side of collar f; but if such washer is used it should be of
slightly less diameter than the collar to allow the lubrication passing to other side
of collar; such washer is not shown in drawing the use of which would necessitate

page_text: the recess g being made deeper. I prefer to make the loose fitting collars of gun
metal.
Figure 4 is a view shewing the application of long bolts e¹; in this plan the
bolts pass through nave of wheel from outside and through flange on bush and
back-plate, and the whole secured by outside nuts on end of bolts as shown.
Figure 5, is outside view of back-plate.
The end of the bush is closed by usual oil cap.
In figure 1 the bush is retained on the axle by the back-plate secured to bush
by screws e, and collar f.
Figure 2 shows a similar arrangement with the addition of the bearing collar m,
secured by jam nuts.
The journal and arm may be formed with longitudinal grooves to assist lubri-
cation. <
•
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I would observe that
I do not claim separately the use of leather washer between back plate and collar
on arm as herein-before described and shown, but what I consider novel and declare
that I claim in the manufacture and fitting of axles and bushes is
d
1. The general combination of parts hereinbefore described and shown in the
drawings at Figures 1 and 2, particularly as regards the combined use of the back-
plate & screwed or secured to bush by long or short bolts, washer k, collar f, long
bearing arm b, and shoulder 7 at end of arm, with washer i, bearing against an
inner bearing in bush q, all substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore
described.
2. The general arrangement and combination of parts herein before described
and shown in the drawings at Figure 3.
3. For securing bushes to axles and wheels the combined use of short bolts e,
screwing into inner end of bush, or of long bolts el passing through nave, and
flange on bush, back plate d, bearing collar m and jam nuts at end of journal as
shown at Figures 2 and 4.