IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TIPPING WAGONS AND VANS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred George Margetson, of the City of Bristol, Engineer,
and William Studley Hek, of the City of Bristol, Foreman Wheelwright, for
an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TIPPING WAGONS
AND VANS"
'
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred George Margetson &
William Studley Hek at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
5th November 1880.
ALFRED GEORGE MARGETSON, of the City of Bristol, Engineer, and William
STUDLEY HEK, of the City of Bristol, Foreman Wheelwright.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF TIPPING WAGONS AND VANS."
Our Invention consists of improvements in the construction of tipping wagons
and vans, and is more particularly applicable to those with four wheels, whether
mounted with or without springs.
The improvements consist in so constructing the wagons or vans that the
slight backing of the horse will tip up the body of the wagon without manual
labor, or as an alternative in fitting the wagon or van with a windlass and chains,
so arranged that a man by working them can easily tip the wagon body with the
heaviest load. In ordinary cases it is preferred to fit the wagon with appliances
for working upon both plans, leaving it optional with the man in charge to tip the
wagon by either plan.
The improvements also comprise the bringing of the wagon or van body back
again into position after having been tipped, either by the pulling forward of the
wagon by the horse, or by the alternative plan of the windlass and chains above
referred to, in neither of which cases is any lifting or pushing required from the
man in charge.
The improvements further consist in providing the wagon or van with means for
automatically opening the tail board simultaneously with the tipping of the body.
The manner in which we prefer to carry our improvements into effect is as
follows:-
In order that the tipping may be effected by the backing of the horse, we hinge
the wagon body immediately in front of the back axle to a separate frame, to

page_text: which frame is attached the front locking carriage; we secure the wagon body to
this frame by a spring lever or ordinary tipping bar, and we attach a chain or
hook to the back part of the wagon body. When it is required to tip the wagon
by the backing of the horse, the tipping lever or bar securing the wagon body to
the under frame is unfastened, and the chain or hook above mentioned is placed
round one of the back wheels between the spokes; then by the borse being driven
back a little the chain is caused to tighten and to pull the wagon body down at
the back.
The same arrangement brings the wagon body back into position by the horse
being driven forward, because this movement causes the chain to tighten again in
the reverse direction, taking its bearing in the opposite direction against the next
spoke of the wheel, and it thus lifts the wagon body back again on to the frame.
;
To enable the wagon body to be tipped by a windlass and chains we fix a
windlass to the front part of the locking carriage, and we mount a sheave, wheel,
or roller in the lower end of a lever or arm working underneath the back axle
over this sheave, wheel, or roller we carry a chain from the windlass in front and
attach it to the back of the wagon body, so that the tightening of this chain by
the turning of the windlass pulls down the back of the wagon. The only manual
labour required after unfastening the lever which connects the body with the frame
is that of operating the windlass by the handle provided for that purpose.
The windlass roller is fixed to the front carriage so that the wagon body may be
tipped irrespective of the relative position of the front and hand wheels, i.e., the
wagon will tip as easily if the front wheels are partly locked round and not in a
line with the hind ones.
In order to bring back the wagon body into position by means of the windlass,
we connect the windlass to the front part of the wagon body by a chain so that
the reversing of the windlass lifts the body back into position on the frame.
In order to produce the automatic opening of the tail board simultaneously with
the tipping of the wagon body, we hinge the tail board at the top and fasten it
closely with a spring lever and catches; we fix a chain to the under frame, which
chain works over two sheave wheels attached to the body, and is connected at the
other end with the spring lever of the tail board. As the wagon is tipped up the
chain tightens, and thus unfastens the lever which holds the tail board in place,
causing it to swing open as the wagon body tips.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Alfred George Margetson & William Studley Hek in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 5th May 1881.
ALFRED GEORGE MARCETSON, of the City of Bristol, Engineer, and WILLIAM
STUDLEY HEK, of the City of Bristol, Foreman Wheelwright. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF TIPPING WAGONS AND VANS."
Our Invention consists of improvements in the construction of tipping wagons
and vans, and is more particularly applicable to those with four wheels, whether
mounted with or without springs, but it is also applicable to vehicles with two
wheels.
The improvements consist in fitting the wagon or van with a windlass and chains
so arranged that a man by working them can easily tip the wagon body with the
heaviest load.
The improvements also comprise the bringing of the wagon or van body back
again into position by the windlass and chains after having been tipped, no lifting
or pushing being required from the man in charge.
The improvements further consist in providing the wagon or van with means
for automatically opening the tail board simultaneously with the tipping, of the
body.
d
The manner in which we prefer to carry our improvements into effect is ns
follows:
To enable the wagon body to be tipped by a windlass and chains we fix a
windlass to the front part of the locking carriage, and we mount a sheave wheel or
roller in the lower end of a lever or arm working underneath the back axle; over
this sheave wheel or roller we carry a chain from the windlass in front, and attach
it to the back of the wagon body, so that the tightening of this chain by the
turning of the windlass pulls down the back of the wagon. The only manual
labor required after unfastening the lever which connects the body with the frame
is that of operating the windlass by the handle provided for that purpose.
The windlass roller is fixed to the front carriage, so that the wagon body may be
tipped irrespective of the relative position of the front and hind wheels, i.e., the
wagon will tip as easily if the front wheels are partly locked round and not in a
a line with the hind ones. We sometimes add devices, by means of which the
wagon can be partially tipped or fixed at any desired angle, so that the load can
be partially discharged, or the wagon body can be partially raised in front to
reduce the weight on the horse in going down hill; and in combination with this
partial tipping, we sometimes employ a brake to further ease the horse in going
down hill.
In order to bring back the wagon body into position by means of the windlass
after tipping, we connect the windlass to the front part of the wagon body by a
chain, so that the reversing of the windlass lifts the body back into position on the
frame.
In order to produce the automatic opening of the tail board simultaneously with
the tipping of the wagon body, we hinge the tail-board at the top, and fasten it
closely with a spring lever and catches. We fix a chain to the under frame, which
chain works over sheave wheels attached to the body, and is connected at the other
end with the spring lever of the tail board. As the wagon is tipped up the
chain tightens, and thus unfastens the lever which holds the tailboard in place,
causing it to swing open as the wagon body tips.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a side view, and Figure 2 a back view
of a 4 wheeled wagon constructed according to our Invention, with a windlass and

page_text: chains for tipping, and also with our arrangement for automatically opening the tail
board simultaneously with the tipping of the wagon. The tipping chains in this wagon
are arranged underneath. A is the main frame of the body; it is hinged at L in
front of the back axle to an under frame B, upon which it rests; C is the lever or
bar which holds the frame A to the under frame B; X is the tipping chain; it is
wound round a windlass D at the front part of the locking carriage, and is carried
over a sheave wheel F in the lower end of an arm M hinged underneath the back
axle. The chain X, after passing over the wheel F, passes over another wheel E,
and is then connected to the end of the arm M, from which a continuation is
carried to and fixed at G to the rear of the main frame A, as shown. K is another
chain leading from the windlass D to the front of the body A. The windlass is
fitted with a handle D' at one or both sides of the wagon. It will be readily
understood that when it is required to tip the wagon the lever C must first be
released, and then the windlass D must be rotated so as to wind up the chain X,
the effect of which is that the body A is tipped on the hinge L. Then to return
the body to position the windlass D must be rotated in the reverse direction, so as
to wind up the chain K, which will therefore pull back the body A. The arrange-
ment for automatically opening the tail board when the wagon is tipped consists of
two chains H, fixed at one end to the under frame B, carried over sheave wheels H¹
on the body A, and attached at their other end to spring levers J, J, which hold
the tail board in position; the tail board is hinged at the top to the wagon body.
When the wagon is tipped the chains H tighten, and thus unfasten the levers J, J,
so that the tail board can swing open.
Figure 3 is a side view of a 4 wheeled wagon with the tipping chains
arranged at the sides instead of underneath, as in Figures 1 and 2; Figure 4
represents the wagon shown in Figure 3 when tipped. The same letters of
reference as those in Figures 1 and 2 indicate corresponding parts. The chain K,
which serves to bring the wagon body back to its normal position, is in this case
worked by a second windlass N, actuated by a handle at either side.
Figure 5 represents a two wheeled cart provided with our tipping gear, and
Figure 6 shows the same cart when tipped. The same letters of reference as those
in the previous Figures indicate corresponding parts. In order to fix the cart body
in a partially tipped position, as hereinbefore described, such, for example, as
shown in Figure 7, we mount on the shaft of the windlass D a toothed wheel O,
and we provide the lever C with a tooth or projection P to take into the wheel O,
as shown. When the cart body has been tipped to the required extent, the
tooth P is allowed to drop into the teeth of the wheel O, so that the cart body is
fixed thereby.
Figures 8 and 9 are back views of the cart represented in Figures 5, 6, and 7,
and showing the means hereinbefore referred to for applying a brake to the vehicle
when partially tipped, as in Figure 7. Q, Q, are slides or frames moving in staples
or guides R, R, and carrying brake blocks S, S. The frames A are connected by a
chain T, so that the movement outwards of one frame causes the other to move
outwards simultaneously. When they are out they are in a line with the tyres of
the wheels, so that when the cart body is slightly tipped or lifted by the windlass
and chains, as seen in Figure 7, the brake blocks S, S, come in contact with the
wheels.
Although the wheel O and tooth P on the lever C for keeping the body at any
required angle are only shown as applied to a two wheeled cart, they are applicable
to 4 wheeled vehicles. In the wagon shown in Figures 1 and 2, for example, the
wheel O will take the place of the ratchet wheel marked W, and in the wagon
shown in Figures 3 and 4, it will be on the shaft of the windlass D) or M. The
brake may also be applied to a 4 wheeled vehicle in combination with the tipping
gear, as will be well understood.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim,―
First. Constructing or fitting tipping wagons and vans with a windlass or

page_text: windlasses and chains arranged so that by operating the windlass or windlasses the
wagon or van can be tipped and again returned to its normal position, substan-
tially as hereinbefore described.
Second. In combination with a windlass or windlasses and chains for tipping
wagons and vans, we claim the mode or means of fixing the wagon or van body in
a partially tipped position, or at any desired angle, substantially as and for the
purpose herein before described.
Third. In combination with a windlass or windlasses and chains for tipping
wagons and vans, and with means such as that herein described for fixing the
wagon or van body in a partially tipped position, or at any desired angle, we claim
the fitting of brake blocks, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore
described.
Fourth. We claim the means of opening the tail boards of wagons or vans
simultaneously with the tipping of their bodies, substantially as herein before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred George Margetson, for myself and on
behalf of the said William Studley Hek, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Fourth day of May, One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.