Improvements in Arrangements and Mechanism or Apparatus for Dyeing and Bleaching and otherwise Treating Cotton, Wool, Silk, and other Fibrous Materials, in the Raw and Manufactured or Partly Manufactured State.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Mar., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 17th Dec., 1891-Accepted, 19th Mar., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Arrangements and Mechanism or Apparatus for
Dyeing and Bleaching and otherwise Treating Cotton, Wool,
Silk, and other Fibrous Materials, in the Raw and Manufactured
or Partly Manufactured State.
We, GEORGE YOUNG, of 189 Worsley Road, Winton, near Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Mill Manager, and WILLIAM CRIPPIN, of Egerton Mills,
Patricroft, near Manchester aforesaid, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said invention to be as follows
Our invention relates to improvements in arrangements and mechanism or
apparatus for dyeing, bleaching and otherwise treating cotton, wool, silk and other
fibrous materials in the raw and manufactured or partly manufactured state, which
are particularly applicable for dyeing and bleaching yarn or thread wound in the
cop or bobbin form.
Our improvements refer to and are made more especially upon those described
in the Complete Specification filed with the application for Letters Patent
numbered 1157 and dated the 22nd day of January, 1890 by ourselves and
Frank Pearn.
Firstly. In dyeing with indigo, we find that a more satisfactory result and a
greater production is obtained by our improved apparatus by causing the dye
liquor which has passed through the cops or fibrous materials being treated, into
the second receiving chamber to pass or be pumped back into a vat, in which it
can be treated in a well known manner to revive its dyeing properties, instead of
being passed from the second receiving chamber back again into the vat from which
it was drawn by the apparatus.
Secondly. Another improvement useful in dyeing with aniline and other dyes,
is to cause the dye liquor which passes from the vat to the cops or other fibrous
material being treated to pass (by preference immediately before it comes in contact
with the materials to be dyed) first through a filtering arrangement formed by
fine meshed wire, covered with filtering cloth, or other suitable material which is
washed after each operation.
One mode of carrying out this part of our invention when used in our said
apparatus referred to as hereinbefore described in the said Complete Specification,
is to make a cap or cover of filtering material of hat like shape, the lower edge of
which fits fluid tight upon the plate, upon which the cops or materials are carried,
so that the dye liquor which enters the treating chamber must first pass through
the filtering arrangement before it comes in contact with the materials to be
operated upon.
This filtering arrangement is or may be made and arranged in a variety of
ways, to suit the apparatus by which the process of dyeing is to be effected.
When used in the machine or apparatus, described in the aforesaid Complete
Specification, filtering arrangements are or may be applied to the inlet of the pipe or
passage from the vat to the treating chamber, which filtering arrangements may be
readily removed, washed and replaced as often as desired.
Thirdly. Our invention relates to improvements in the construction, combination
and arrangement of the mechanism or apparatus described in the aforesaid Complete'
Specification.
The pipes, between the treating chamber, and receiving chamber or chambers,
do not pass through the vat in our improved arrangement. The end of the treating
chamber is made fluid tight by an india rubber ring in an annular channel in which

page_text: there is also fluid dye liquor, which more perfectly seals it against the admission
of air.
When air or steam is admitted to the treating chamber it passes from an annular
chamber round the treating chamber to a series of small holes round the inside of
the treating chamber, the outlets from which are above the level of the dye liquor
when drawn into the treating chamber.
The treating chamber is provided with a thermometer and pressure gauge, to
show the temperature of, and the vacuum formed in the cavity under the movable
plate or table in the treating chamber.
There is a glass gauge on the side of the treating chamber, to show when the dye
liquor is in it, and the height of the liquid therein when present.
We apply a glass tube to the side of the receiving chamber or chambers,
which will show the level, and thus the depth of liquid in the receiving chamber,
and by this means, and marks upon, or opposite the glass tube, we can measure
and ascertain when the desired quantity of liquor has passed through the cops
or materials being treated for one operation.
Fourthly. We employ a steam ejector in combination with our improved
apparatus for producing the vacuum or partial vacuum to draw the liquor, air,
steam or gas through the cops or materials being treated, and in order to further
utilize the steam passing through the ejector, we cause it and the air combined
with it, to pass if desired into the vat, to heat the liquor, or we pass it through
a coil of pipe within the vat, which coil is heated and gives off its heat to the
liquor in the vat.
After passing the coils in the vat, the steam or steam and air combined, from
the ejector, is passed to pipes in a room, to heat the air of the room for drying the
cops or materials after being dyed or otherwise treated.
The steam and air may then be allowed to escape into the atmosphere.
If desired, the valve for controlling the supply of steam to the ejector is or may
be arranged so that when no vacuum is required for drawing liquid or fluid, the
steam to the ejector is shut off, and turned on again when vacuum is required, this
is or may be effected by connection with the handle that operates the valve or
valves for causing the apparatus to draw liquid or fluid, so as to shut off the steam
to the ejector in the middle position of such valve or valves.
When several machines are working each with a separate ejector the steam or
steam and air from them after passing the coils in the vats may pass into the pipes
for heating the room as above explained.
Dated this Eighteenth day of March 1891.
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Arrangements and Mechanism or Apparatus for
Dyeing and Bleaching and otherwise Treating Cotton, Wool,
Silk, and other Fibrous Materials, in the Raw and Manufactured
or Partly Manufactured State.
We, GEORGE YOUNG, of 189 Worsley Road, Winton, near Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Mill Manager, and WILLIAM CRIPPIN, of Egerton Mills,
Patricroft near Manchester aforesaid, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our invention relates to improvements in arrangements and mechanism or
apparatus for dyeing, bleaching and otherwise treating cotton, wool, silk and other
fibrous materials, in the raw and manufactured or partly manufactured state, which
are particularly applicable for dyeing and bleaching yarn or thread wound in the
cop or bobbin form.

page_text: Our improvements refer to and are made more especially upon those described
in the Complete Specification filed with the application for Letters Patent
numbered 1157 and dated the 22nd day of January, 1890, by ourselves and
Frank Pearn.
Firstly. In dyeing with indigo, we find that a more satisfactory result and a
greater production is obtained by our improved apparatus by causing the dye
liquor which has passed through the cops or fibrous materials being treated, into
the second receiving chamber to pass to or be pumped back into a vat, in which
it can be treated in a well known manner to revive its dyeing properties, instead
of being passed from the second. receiving chamber back again into the vat from
which it was drawn by the apparatus.
Secondly. Another improvement useful in dyeing with aniline and other dyes,
is to cause the dye liquor which passes from the vat to the cops or other fibrous
material being treated to pass (by preference immediately before it comes in contact
with the materials to be dyed) first through a filtering arrangement formed by fine
meshed wire, covered with filtering cloth, or other suitable material which is or may
be washed after each operation.
One mode of carrying out this part of our invention when used in our said
apparatus referred to as herein before described in the said Complete Specification,
is to make a cap or cover of filtering material of hat like shape, the lower edge of
which fits fluid tight upon the plate, upon which the cops or materials are carried,
so that the dye liquor which euters the treating chamber must first pass through the
filtering arrangement, before it comes in contact with the materials to be operated
upon.
This filtering arrangement is or may be made and arranged in a variety of ways,
to suit the apparatus by which the process of dyeing is to be effected.
When used in the machine or apparatus described in the aforesaid Complete
Specification, filtering arrangements are or may be applied to the inlet of the pipe
or passage from the vat to the treating chamber, which filtering arrangements may
be readily removed, washed and replaced as often as desired.
Thirdly. Our invention relates to improvements in the construction, combination
and arrangement of the mechanism or apparatus described in the aforesaid Complete
Specification.
These improvements under this and the fourth head as well as those under the
first and second heads of our Provisional Specification will be more readily described
and understood by reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a section and elevation in the lengthway of the vat.
Fig. 2 is an elevation in a plane at a right angle to Fig. 1 looking towards
the two receiving chambers, and is a section in a line A-B Figs. 1 and 3.
Fig. 3 is a plan view.
Fig. 4 is an elevation and transverse section through the treating chamber and
vat on a line C-D Figs. 1 and 3.
Fig. 5 is a vertical section through the air valve and connected ports and
passages, and
Fig. 6 is a similar section through the steam valve and connected passages.
Fig. 7 is a front view of the valve chest for both the steam and air valves,
showing the ports, Fig. 5 being a section on the line E-F and Fig. 6 a section on
the line G-H Fig. 7.
Our improvements in the mechanism or apparatus are made upon that machine
illustrated by Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive of the drawings accompanying the said Complete
Specification No. 1157 of 1890.
The vat a, illustrated is supposed to be made of any suitable metal which may
be enamelled inside, with outlets a¹, at its bottom at one or both ends provided with
cocks or other means for drawing off the liquids therefrom when desired-but the
vat may be made of wood or in any other way as desired.
There is a coil of pipe m², inside the vat for heating the liquid therein by
steam as hereinafter described.

page_text: The pipe m², forming this coil, is placed to come near the inner sides of the vat,
so as to be out of the way of instruments for stirring up and cleaning out the vat.
The treating chamber h, and connected passages is formed in one casting, and
has flanges on its exterior to rest upon the upper edges of the vat a, and has also
flanges to connect it up with a casting c, forming a double pipe extending between the
passages from the treating chamber h, and the two receiving chambers b, and f,
hereinafter respectively termed the "large" and "small" receivers.
ha, is a cavity below the treating chamber h, communicating by a passage c¹, with
the large receiver b, and b, is another cavity. below the treating chamber that
communicates by a passage f (see Fig. 2) with the small receiver f.
The cavities, and hb, communicate each through a separate valve with a
cavity d, which is immediately under the plate or table j, that carries the cops or
materials to be treated when in its position in the treating chamber.
The valves c', and f, are each formed by a disc of india rubber the centre of
which has a hole in it to pass on to a bolt one end of which is secured in the centre
of the seating of each valve, the india rubber disc coming between its seating, and
a curved plate (c, for the valve c, and f', for the valve c) secured on the end of
the bolt, which curved plate in each case acts to limit the opening of the india
rubber disc valves which in Figs. 1 and 4 are shown shut, close against their
seatings. The seating for the valve c, is a tube c, open at one end, and partly
closed by a grid at the end forming the seating for the valve, and the tube c",
has a flange on its exterior as shown by which it makes a joint and is secured
in a hole in the partition between the chamber hª, and cavity d, under the table
plate j.
The upper end of the tube ca, comes under the lower side of and helps to support
the plate j, that carries the cops or material to be treated--and the sides of this
tube, have holes or slits through it for liquids or fluids to pass from the sides of
the chamber d, to its centre and to the valve outlet.
The seating of the valve fe, is in a tube fo, having a flange at its outer upper
end to fit a hole and make a tight joint in the partition between the chamber b,
and the cavity d.
"
Both valves e, and f*, are placed in position from the treating chamber h.
The projection °, from the lower part of the treating chamber h, descends below
the level of the liquid in the vat, and there is an annular passage 1, (except
where communication is made between the cavities hª, and b, and the passages c¹,
and f) by which annular passage 4, the liquid from the vat can ascend into the
treating chamber h.
The central parts of and below the treating chamber are connected to its
exterior by webs hº.
The lid, of the treating chamber is hinged at 4, to one side and bas all round
it a descending edge he, which enters (when the lid is shut down upon the treating
chamber) an annular cavity hd, round the treating chamber, at the bottom of which
there is a ring of india rubber or other suitable elastic material h, to make a joint
therewith, this annular cavity hª, being filled with liquid when the apparatus is in
use which serves to seal the joint between the lid ³, and the treating chamber h,
more perfectly.
There is also an annular cavity h¹,round the exterior of the treating chamber h,
which by a series of small holes h³, round the upper edge of the treating chamber,
communicates with it, and supplies air or steam thereto (see Figs. 1 and 4).
"This annular cavity h¹, is supplied with air, steam or gas, or with air and steam
mixed, through a suitable cock or valve k, formed on or attached to the outside.
of the treating chamber h.
There is a horizontal pipe ka, connected with this cock k, through which the air,
or air and steam mixed, passes.
The end of this pipe , shown in dotted line behind the receiver b, in Fig. 1,
has or may have a series of small holes in it for air to enter, and the end of a
small steam pipė n³, enters the end of the large pipe k, so that when steam and air.

page_text: is required, the entering jet of steam helps to draw in and propel the air to the
cock and into the treating chamber h.
This steam pipe n', is connected with a valve port hereinafter referred to.
The large receiver b, has a flanged opening at its lower end to which the flange
of the seating tube c, of an india rubber disc valve c', is secured, which valve is
similar to the valve c', hereinbefore described.
There is a flanged opening 62, on one side of the large receiver b, which is closed
by a plate, and there is also another flanged opening ³, at the top of the large
receiver b, to which another plate is secured, having a junction in it for the end of
a pipe 6, hereinafter referred to.
The small receiver f, is formed with a flanged branch at its lower end that
forms a junction with a branch from the passage, in the double pipe or passage
casting c, (see Fig. 2).
The passage, is in communication with a passage f^, formed in or on the side
of the small receiver, the upper end of which is connected by a pipe f¹, with
the slide valve port hereinafter referred to.
There is also a pipe g¹, from the said slide valve, that forms a junction with
the side of the small receiver f, and the pipe g, which is bent and its open end
discharges downwards into the small receiver f.
There is a steam ejector m, the one illustrated is one in which the steam is
supposed to pass in the centre through the longitudinal axis and the air or other
fluid is supposed to pass through an annular passage near the steam nozzle and this
annular passage communicates with a flanged junction at the top of the small
receiver f.
The steam is brought to the ejector by a pipe m', from the valve mechanism
hereinafter described, and the steam and air passes from the ejector through the
pipe m', which descends to the coil m², in the vat a, herein before referred to.
There is a branch pipe m³, from the descending pipe by which steam when
required may be allowed to pass when required for other purposes.
On the outside of the large receiver b, a double valve chest e, is secured, one
valve chest (the two being separated by a partition) is for steam, and the other
for air.
The steam slide valve chest (see Fig. 6) has one port m³, faced for a slide
valve m, which covers the port and has overlap at each end when the valve is in
its middle position.
There is a lid m', on the valve chest secured steam tight and the valve spindle m³,
works through a stuffing box.
Steam from the boiler is brought by a pipe (not shown) to the steam valve
chest and forms a junction with it at m³, Fig. 6, and its pressure tends to keep the
slide valve me, down against its port m, which is in connection with a cavity m;
to which one end of the pipe m', forms a junction, the other end (see Fig. 3) being
connected with the ejector.
This valve me, does not supply steam to the ejector in its middle position, but, at
one or the other extreme of its movement when the port is opened.
There is also a small port n, near the port m³, which is covered and uncovered by
the valve me, it is uncovered when steam or steam and air is being drawn through
the cops or materials being treated, and there is a passage in the valve chest in
communication with the port n, which is connected to one end of the pipe n', (see
Fig. 6) hereinbefore mentioned.
The slide valve e¹, shown detached by Fig. 5 is for making and shutting off
communication between the ejector and the large and small receivers, and for
admitting the atmosphere to those receivers when fluid is not being exhausted from
them, to allow the fluid therein to pass out.
The valve e, is similar to an ordinary steam engine slide valve and it covers
three ports as in the steam engine, but in its middle position, it has not "lap" or
length sufficient to entirely cover both outside ports, the passage from one (e³) of which

page_text: is connected with one end of the pipe, the other end of which is connected with the
top of the large receiver b, the passage from the other port (e) is connected with
one end of a pipe 1, the other end of which is connected with the passage, in
the side of the small receiver f.
The passage from the middle port e, is connected with one end of a pipe (9¹)
the other end of which forms a junction with the turned down pipe g, in the small
receiver f.
The slide valve e¹, has a cavity similar to that for the exhaust port of a steam
engine valve, to which the middle port e, corresponds.
The valve chest for the valve e' need not be air tight, and the valve spindle e*,
is not packed, air directly from the atmosphere entering freely into the valve
chest above the valve el, through any suitable hole or space.
When the valve e', is in the middle position in which it is shown in Fig. 5, air
from the valve chest can pass freely through both ports e, and e³, and into both
receivers b, and f, and when the valve e', is in one extreme, communication is
formed through the middle port et, the cavity in the valve e', and the port e,
between the ejector m, and the large receiver b, and at the same time air from the
valve chest can pass through the port es, pipe, passage, passage f, to the
cavity for the valve f, and keep it closed, while liquid is being exhausted
through the valve c³. There is no communication at this time between the small
receiver, and the valve f, as such communication has to be opened through the
slide valve e¹, when it is reversed to its other extreme.
When the slide valve e¹, is reversed from the first position described, the port e³,
is closed, and the port e, is brought into communication through the cavity in the
slide valve el, and the port e, with the pipe f', the fluids then passing through the
india rubber disc valve, cavity b, passages, and f, pipe, port e, cavity in
slide valve e¹, and pipes g', and y, into the small receiver f, and from thence to the
ejector m, and to the pipes m¹.
At this time the port e, is open to the chest for the slide valve e¹, and air is
admitted into the large receiver b, and into the passage c³, and to the cavity ª,
under the india rubber disc valve e, which is then closed-and air being freely
admitted into the large receiver b, the valve c', then opens and allows the liquid
drawn into the large receiver b, to pass out into the vat a.
Any spray or vapour which is drawn from the cops or materials being treated,
is driven downwards from the pipe g, to the lower part of the small receiver, and
is thus arrested and prevented from passing away to the ejector m.
The great advantage of drawing the fluids from the receiver b, through the
small receiver f, is the saving of the dye liquor some of which tends (if this
arrangement is not used) to pass in the form of spray, or in a finely divided state.
with the current produced by the ejector or other means.
When steam is to be supplied to the cock k, to be passed through the cops or
materials to be treated, it is only required at the time such operation is being
performed, and is controlled by the slide valve me, which besides acting to cover
and uncover the port m³, is wide enough to cover a small port n, (see Fig. 7)
in one position and uncover it in the reverse position, and when uncovered the
steam passes through the small port n, and passages, to the pipe n¹.
A branch n³, from this pipe n', is or may be made to extend below the level of
the liquid in the vat a, in order to heat it directly from the steam when required,
there being a cock to turn on and off this supply of steam from the pipe n³, when
required..
The cock k, for admitting air or steam or both mixed, is worked by a handle 7,
which can be placed in a middle position as shown in Fig. 1, or one of two extreme
positions indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 1 marked ", and
The lever handle 1, has an arm P, connected by a rod 1, with one arm of a bell
crank lever, having its fulcrum on a bracket secured to the outside of the large
receiver b, the other arm of which bell crank lever is connected by a vertical

page_text: rod 1°, to a cross head ", to which both valve spindles e³, and m³, are attached which are
thus moved to and fro simultaneously, the entire apparatus being thus worked by
the movements of the handle l.
The cops to be treated are carried on a plate or table j, which. has a hollow
handle arranged as and for the purpose described in the said Complete
Specification, and the table or plate j, when in the treating chamber h, rests upon
a ring of india rubber or other suitable elastic material ', as described in the said
Complete Specification.
he, Fig. 4 is a glass tube gauge similar to that used to show water level in steam
boilers, and at its lower and upper ends it communicates with the treating chamber
and shows when there is liquid in the treating chamber and its level.
p, Fig. 2 is a thermometer carried in a projection from the casting c, and
descending into the liquid in the vat to show its temperature.
q, is a glass tube carried at its lower end on the casting c, and communicating
with the passage c*, and supported by a bracket at the upper end of the small
receiver, and communicating by a pipe q', Fig. 2, with the upper part of the
receiver b, the bracket communicates by a passage in it with a pressure gauge q³, and
with the receiver f, to show the pressure below the atmosphere.
When liquid is being drawn from the treating chamber 1, to the large receiver b,
the passage c, is full of liquid, and as it rises in the large receiver, its depth therein
is shown in the glass tube q, so that by means of a mark upon it, or on a part near
it the operation may be stopped when a given level in the large receiver b, has been
attained.
If desired the glass tube q, may communicate at its upper end both with the
pressure gauge and with the small receiver f, instead of with the large receiver b, but
in such case there is a small lifting valve in the bracket for the upper end of the glass
tube g, which valve will lift and close the passage between the glass tube and the
receiver f, when a sufficient current ascends the glass tube, as will be the case when
the atmosphere is admitted into the large receiver b, while the small receiver f, is
being exhausted.
r, is any ordinary gauge to show the steam pressure being connected with the
steam pipe m, by a pipe r¹.
In some cases the cops or materials to be treated are subjected to two or more
operations constituting one round of operations and by moving the handle l, from
its middle position to one extreme (1) and then to the other (1) one complete
operation of drawing liquid, and then steam or air or both steam and air is effected,
and the desired number of such complete operations constitutes one round of
operations, and to provide against forgetfulness on the part of the operator a
counting apparatus is or may be used which counts the complete movements of the
handle 7.
This may be effected by causing the spindle e, of the valve e¹, to be prolonged,
through the upper side of the valve chest and connected with or caused to operate
upon an arm oscillating on the axis of a ratchet toothed wheel, the arm having a
pawl jointed to it, so that one up and down movement of the valve spindle will
cause the ratchet wheel to move one or more teeth as arranged.
There is also a retaining pawl to prevent the ratchet wheel from turning back.
The axis of the ratchet is geared up by toothed wheels with the axis of a hand or
pointer that points to figures on the dial t.
The gearing is such that whatever number of complete operations there may be
to the round, the hand will at the completion of the last operation point at the
zero of the dial and change wheels are employed according to the number of opera-
tions to the round.
Other index counting mechanism may also be geared up with that above described,
for counting the operations to count the number of rounds or tables of cops or material
which have been treated.
:
When air is admitted into the small receiver f, any liquid therein can flow out of

page_text: it into the vat through an india rubber disc valve f³, opening outwards (similar to,
the valve c) which valve f³, is placed in the lower end of a pipe f8, communicating
with the lower part of the small receiver f, (see Figs. 2 and 3).
Some of the steam from the ejector passing through the coil of pipes m³, in the
vat a, is condensed and flows along with the uncondensed steam, the water of the
condensed steam passing into a vessel from which it may be pumped to be used for
mixing the dyes, such water being pure distilled water, which is necessary for mixing
dye liquors to produce uniform shades of colour.
The uncondensed steam is passed on to pipes arranged in a room to heat such
room in which are arranged shelves to receive trays on which the cops or other
materials which have been dyed or otherwise treated are placed to be dried.
The steam from the ejector that remains uncondensed, then passes from the
heating pipes or passages in the drying room to the atmosphere or the end of the
discharge pipe may be made to descend into cold water where available.
When using the machine for dyeing indigo we do not allow the liquid from the
small receiver to pass back to the vat, but the liquid discharged through the valve f³,
is received into a pipe or into a separate compartment for it in the vat from which
it is pumped to a vat in which it is treated in a well known manner to revive its
dyeing properties when it is or may be again brought to the vat a, to be drawn
through the materials to be dyed.
In dyeing with some dyes we find it an advantage to filter the liquid passing from
the vat before it can come in contact with the cops or materials to be operated upon
in the treating chamber h.
For such purpose we employ a filter formed in shape like a hat of wire gauze
covered on its exterior by a filtering cloth.
This hat shaped filter s, is placed over the cops or materials in the treating
chamber as shown in Figs. 1 and 4, the lower edge of the filter cap resting upon the
table or plate j, carrying the materials to be treated.
This filter is washed as often as required.
In some cases the passage °, from the vat to the treating chamber is or may be
closed and a communication is formed by a passage or pipe with a vat, the entrance
from the supplying vat to the inlet to this pipe being turned upwards so as to be
covered by a filtering frame, arranged to be readily removed and washed and then
replaced as often as required.
The interior of the treating chamber and the passages with which the dye liquor
comes in contact, and the interior of the two receiving chambers b, and f, and the
passages communicating between them, and the treating chamber, and other parts
which come in contact with the dye liquid, when such parts are made of metal, are
.or may be coated with any suitable enamel.
The arrangement of machine above described may be used when the fluids are
.exhausted by a pump or other means instead of a steam ejector or steam ejectors,
as in some cases two may be used.
In some cases the treating chamber and the two receivers and connected parts
may be combined together apart from the vat, or vats, to contain the liquids to be
used therewith, the vats being on one or both sides and communicating with the
treating chamber, and the two receivers by suitable pipes or connections.
In some cases the apparatus may be constructed to be sustained on suitable
stands, one at the treating chamber end and the other at the large receiver end, and
apart from the vat which may be passed under the apparatus, which need not when
thus arranged be disturbed when the vat has to be removed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The arrangement and combination of apparatus for dyeing or otherwise
treating cops of yarn or thread or other materials wherein the suction or exhausting

page_text: current when drawing liquids through the treating chamber will pass first through
the large receiver (b) and then through the small receiver (f) substantially as
hereinbefore described and illustrated by the drawings.
2. The combination of a steam ejector or ejectors with apparatus for dyeing cops
or other materials for exhausting liquids or fluids through the materials in the
treating chamber, the steam to such ejector or ejectors being turned on and off by
valves worked by connection with the handle for working the cocks and valves for
causing the suction through the treating chamber of liquids, air, steam or other
fluids, substantially as hereinbefore described.
3. The combination with apparatus for dyeing or otherwise treating cops or other
materials by drawing liquids or fluids through the same, of a steam ejector or steam
ejectors the steam from which passes through coils of pipes or equivalent arrange-
ments in one or more vats to heat the liquids therein, substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated by reference to the drawings.
4. The combination with apparatus for dyeing or otherwise treating cops or other
materials by drawing liquids or fluids through the same, of a steam ejector or steam
ejectors the steam from which passes through coils of pipes or equivalent arrange-
ments in one or more vats, and also with pipes or equivalent arrangements in a
room for drying purposes substantially as herein before described.
5. The combination of the hinged lid with an annular groove on the treating
chamber having an elastic ring at the bottom of it and liquid therein, substantially
as and for the purpose hereinbefore described by reference to the drawings.
6. The combination with the large receiver (b) when used combined with a small
receiver (f) of a glass tube or gauge for showing the presence and level of the
liquid in the large receiver b, substantially as herein before described by reference
to the drawings.
7. The combination of the cock (k) and slide valves e¹, and me, so as to be worked
by connection with the same handle, substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated by the drawings.
8. The combination and arrangement of the apparatus substantially as and for
the purposes herein before described by reference to the drawings.
9. The combination of the treating chamber, and the two receivers and their
connected mechanism substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the
drawings.
10. The combination of the treating chamber and the two receivers and their
connected mechanism when connected with one or more vats on one or both sides
thereof, substantially as hereinbefore described.
11. The use of a filtering cap in the treating chamber, substantially as and for
the purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated by the drawings.
12. When dyeing with indigo dyes, causing the liquids from the second
receiver (f) to be passed to a vat or other suitable receptacle so that it may be
revived in a well known manner before being used again, substantially as herein-
before described.
Dated this 16th day of December 1891.
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.