IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF MATERIALS FOR CLARIFYING SUGAR, OILS, AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles George Pfander, of Nos. 33 and 34, Saint
Andrew's Hill, Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London, for an Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF MATERIALS FOR CLARIFYING
SUGAR, OILS, AND OTHER LIQUIDS."
'
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles George Plander at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd July 1880.
CHARLES GEORGE PFANDER, of Nos. 33 and 34, Saint Andrew's Hill, Queen
Victoria Street, in the City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION
OF MATERIALS FOR CLARIFYING SUGAR, OILS, AND OTHER LIQUIDS.”
I take powdered vegetable charcoal and saturate it with as much blood as it will
absorb, and then dry the mixture at a temperature at which the albumen is not
decomposed. When dry I again saturate it with blood and redry it, repeating
this operation as often as desirable, and then reduce the dry mixture to a fine
powder.
This material I call albuminized charcoal, and blood prepared in this way retains
its clarifying properties for any length of time if kept dry. It is also more effective
and convenient for use than liquid blood.
In using this powder for clarifying sugar liquors I bring the solution of sugar to
a temperature of about 100° Fahr., then add the powder in the proportion of about
loz. to 1lb. of raw sugar or 1 gallon of cane juice, stir the whole till thoroughly
mixed, and bring it quickly to the boiling point, removing the scum as it rises until
the solution is rendered bright and clear. Should the clarification be incomplete
at the first operation I reduce the temperature to 100° Fahr., then add more of the
powder and boil up again, and remove any fresh scum that may rise as before.
The liquor is then drawn off, strained, and poured on to the filters.
I neutralize any acid reaction that may occur in very low sugars or syrups by
the addition of a little lime.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Charles George Pfander in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 31st
December 1880.
CHARLES GEORGE PFANDER, of Nos. 33 and 34, Saint Andrew's Hill, Queen
Victoria Street, in the City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION
OF MATERIALS FOR CLARIFYING SUGAR, OILS, AND OTHER LIQUIDS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the preparation of materials
for clarifying sugar, oils, and other liquids.
For this purpose I take powdered vegetable charcoal and saturate it with as
much blood as it will absorb, and then dry the mixture at a temperature at which
the albumen is not decomposed or burnt. When dry I brake it up and again
saturate it with blood and redry it, repeating this operation as often as desirable,
and then reduce the dry-mixture to a fine powder.
This material I call albumenized charcoal, and blood prepared in this way
retains its clarifying properties for any length of time and in any climate if kept
dry. It is also more effective and convenient for use than liquid blood or dried
albumen as finings.
In using this powder for clarifying sugar liquors I bring the solutions of sugar
to a temperature of about 100° Fahr., then add the powder in the proportion of
about loz. to 1lb. of raw sugar, stir the whole till thoroughly mixed, and then
bring it quickly up to the boiling point, removing the scum as it rises until the
solution is rendered bright and clear. Should the clarification be incomplete at
the first operation I reduce the temperature to 100° Fahr., then add more of
the powder and boil up again, and remove any fresh scum that may arise as before.
The liquor is then drawn off, strained; and poured-on-to-the-filters:
-
When working on liquor thus prepared the filters last longer than when working
on liquor which has not been thus clarified.
I neutralize any acidity that may occur in low sugars or syrups by the addition
of a little lime.
My albumenised charcoal can be employed in a similar manner to clarify oils and
other liquids.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention and the manner of performing
the same, I would have it understood that I claim,-
My albumenised charcoal suitable for clarifying sugar, oils, and other liquids,
and which albumenised charcoal consists of charcoal saturated with blood and
suitably dried, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles George Pfander, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirty first day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty.