IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING AND CALENDERING MACHINERY
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Wilhelm Richard Schürmann, of Düsseldorf, in the Empire
of Germany, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING AND
CALENDERING MACHINERY."
Sealed the 27th December 1879, and dated the 28th July 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Richard Schurmann
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th July 1879.
WILHELM RICHARD SCHÜRMANN, of Düsseldorf, in the Empire of Germany,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING AND CALENDERING MACHINERY."
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery for rolling paper in sheets
and in webs so as to produce a polished or satin surface thereon. The machinery,
it will be understood, is applicable also to the rolling or calendering of other
fabrics.
I will first describe the machine for operating upon piece goods. In this machine
I employ any given number of horizontal rolls, say, for example, eight, which are
arranged one above the other to receive between them the lengths of paper which
are drawn off from loose cores, and passing between the two topmost rolls descends
in a sinuous course to the bottom roller, whence it is drawn off and wound onto
another core.
These rollers are mounted in bearings which are capable of sliding in vertical
rebated grooves made in the front face of a pair of standards. These bearings are
furnished with vertical holes in rear of their brasses to allow of vertical screw rods
being passed through them. These rods are intended to receive nuts which
constitute adjustable rests for the bearings. The lowermost roller is driven by
gearing from the main shaft, and the other rollers are driven by friction contact,
elastic or yielding pressure being put thereon through the topmost roller, which is
held down by weighted levers or their equivalent. The cores on which the lengths
of paper are wound are carried by a cruciform frame which is capable of adjustment
axially to bring the full cores into position; the arms at one end of this frame carry
swivel bearings to receive axles which are free to slide end wise therein. The other
ends of the axles are free to engage with clutches on the inner ends of short shafts
which have their bearings in the opposite arms of the cruciform frame. Upon these
Price 6d1

page_text: short shafts are mounted loosely spur pinions which gear into a spur wheel loose on
the axle of the cruciform frame. A band pulley on the boss of this spur wheel
receives motion from a driving band for the purpose of giving rotary motion to the
cores on the sliding axles. The pinions on the short shafts are connected therewith
by friction clutches which are severally thrown into or out of full action according
to whether the core which they control is a delivery or a winding on core.
This cruciform frame and the calendering machine in connection therewith is
preferably made of twice the width of the web which is to be operated upon, so
that two lengths may be under action simultaneously. The cruciform frame is
fitted as above indicated for the purpose of supplying and removing the cores with
facility.
Supposing a length of paper to have been sufficiently rolled or calendered, the
axle containing the core will be shogged end wise to disengage it from its clutch, and
swung outwards by means of its pivotted bearing. It may then be withdrawn
from the frame, and the core being removed a fresh core of a fresh roll of paper
may be slidden onto the axle; the axle is then to be replaced in the frame and
locked with its driver as already explained.
In order to remove the rollers when required from the calendering machine a
windlass is provided at the top of the standard, and from the barrel of this windlass
depend chains which connect with the ends of the rollers, the same having grooves
turned in them to receive loop or eyes pendant from the chains.
"Supposing a middle roller to be required to be removed, the chains are first
connected to its axle, and the caps of its bearings being taken off the roller may be
swung out of the machine and lowered onto a receiving truck.
By means of this machine a length of paper or other fabric may receive successive
rollings by simply driving and slackening alternately the cores which take up or
deliver the fabric from and to the calendering machine.
For operating upon sheets of paper the pressing rolls are preferably arranged
around the central driven roll, the latter being made of chilled cast iron, and the
surrounding rolls of paper. The sheets are fed by bands into the bite of the rolls,
and when they have passed between the bite of all the rolls they are stripped from
the central roll and delivered outo a table by means of a scraper to be delivered
again and again to the pressure of the rolls until the desired face has been produced
upon the sheets. The pressing rollers will be held up to their work by springs or
weighted levers, as in the first described arrangement, and in order to true these
pressing rolls or remove their tendency to wear hollow, the machine is run from
time to time empty, or these rolls may be run in contact with trueing rolls.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Wilhelm Richard Schürmann in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 28th January 1880.
WILHELM RICHARD SCHÜRMANN, of Düsseldorf, in the Empire of Germany,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING AND CALENDERING MACHINERY."
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery for rolling paper in sheets
and in webs so as to produce a polished or satin surface thereon. The machinery, it
will be understood, is applicable also to the rolling or calendering of other fabrics.
I will first describe the machine for operating upon piece goods. In this machine I
employ any given number of horizontal rolls, say, for example, eight, which are
arranged one above the other to receive between them the lengths of paper which
are drawn off from loose cores, and passing between the two topmost rolls descend
in a sinuous course to the bottom roller, whence they are drawn off and wound
onto another core.
These rollers are mounted in bearings which are capable of sliding in vertical
rebated grooves made in the front face of a pair of standards. These bearings are
furnished with vertical holes in rear of their brasses to allow of vertical screw rods
being passed through them; these rods are intended to receive nuts which constitute
adjustable rests for the bearings. The lowermost roller is driven by gearing from
the main shaft, and the other rollers are driven by friction of contact, elastic or
yielding pressure being put thereon through the topmost roller which is held down
by weighted levers or their equivalent. The cores on which the lengths of paper
are wound are carried by a cruciform frame which is capable of adjustment axially
to bring the full cores into position. The arms at one end of this frame carry
swivel bearings to receive axles which are free to slide endwise therein. The other
ends of the axles are fitted to engage with clutches on the inner ends of short
shafts which have their bearings in the opposite arms of the cruciform frame. Upon
these short shafts are mounted loosely spur pinions which gear into a spur wheel
loose on the axle of the cruciform frame. A band pulley on the boss of this spur
wheel receives motion from a driving band for the purpose of giving rotary motion
to the cores on the sliding axles.
The pinions on the short shafts are connected therewith by friction clutches which
are severally thrown into or out of full action according to whether the core which
they control is a delivery or a winding on core.
This cruciform frame and the calendering machine in connection therewith is
preferably made of twice the width of the web which is to be operated upon so that
two lengths may be under action simultaneously. The cruciform frame is fitted,
as above indicated, for the purpose of supplying and removing the cores with
facility.
In Sheet I. of the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1 is the side elevation of the
calendering machine complete, and Fig. 2 is a front view of the cruciform frame for
containing the webs of paper. A, A, is a pair of standards of cast iron for carrying
the calendering rollers B, B; these rollers turn in bearings which are adjustable in
vertical grooves cast in the inner face of the standards A, as shewn in the enlarged
detached view Fig. 3.
The axles of the rollers B pass through their bearings b which project from the
face of the standards to permit of the ends of the roller axles being exposed for the
purpose to be presently explained. The bearings b of the top roller are threaded to
receive the upper ends of a pair of vertical shafts C which depend therefrom and
reach to near the base of the machine. The bearings of the other rollers are strung
onto these shafts C which are threaded throughout their length and carry adjustable

page_text: supporting nuts c upon which the bearings b rest. This arrangement ensures the
adjustment of the rollers to the exact pressure required, and permit of a separation
of the rollers to provide space for the removal of any one of them. To facilitate
the removal of the rollers from the machine their axles are held to their bearings
by cap pieces b', on the removal of which the rollers may be lifted out sideways, as
will be hereafter explained. This remark applies to all the rollers but the top roller,
which is removable with its bearings vertically. These bearings are formed with
threaded sockets to receive the ends of pressure screws d which carry collars d'
that are borne upon by levers D (see the detached views, Figs. 4,) which lovers
have their fulcrum on the standards A. These levers are connected by pendent
rods D' with levers D2 near the base of the machine, which levers are braced
together and carry the weight for imparting pressure to the series of rollers B. The
upper ends of the pressing screws d are furnished with hand wheels d³ for adjusting
them to the bearings. E is the main shaft which receives rotary motion from any
prime mover, and communicates the same through spur gearing to the lowermost of
the cylinders or rollers B.
F, F, are standards carrying the axle of a cruciform frame G which receives the
cores from which the webs of paper and other material to be calendered are drawn,
and contains also the empty cores which are to be filled from the full cores by the
calendered paper or material received from the rollers B; H are squared axles for
receiving the cores. These axles at one end are turned down to fit into swivel
supports, as shewn in the detached views, Fig. 5, in which support they are free to
move end wise, except when prevented by a detachable hanger * applied to the
shoulder of the axle. The other ends of these axles are received into clutches h
(shewn in Fig. 2) carried by short shafts which have their bearings in the arms of
one end of the cruciform frame. ¹ are spur pinions mounted loosely on these
shafts, but secured thereto by friction plates in any convenient manner, and into
these pinions gear a spur wheel i mounted loosely on the axle I of the frame G.
Rotary motion is imparted to this shaft through a band and pulley " from a pulley e
on the driving shaft E, and through the spur wheel i and the pinions in gear there-
with the cores are caused to wind up the calendered webs of paper as they leave the
rolls. The lines K, K, Fig. 1, shew the course of the webs from full cores to and
through the calendering machine, and back to the empty cores on the cruciform
frame.
Supposing a length of paper to have been sufficiently rolled or calendered, the
axle containing the core will be shogged endwise to disengage it from its clutch by
first removing the hanger *, and swung outwards by means of its pivotted bearing.
It may then be withdrawn from the fraine, and the core being removed a fresh core
of paper may be slidden onto the axle; the axle is then to be replaced in the frame
and locked with its driver as already explained.
When the calendering process is to be repeated on webs of paper which have
passed through the machine, the frame G is to receive a half turn to bring the filled
cores into position for giving off their webs. This is effected by a handle 22 on the
axle of a pinion 3 (carried by one of the standards F) gearing into a spur wheel
keyed on the axle I. A bolt 15 passing through the standard F enters a hole formed
in the wheel and serves to lock it in position.
In order to remove the rollers when required from the calendering machine a
windlass L is provided at the top of the standards A. From the barrel of this
windlass depend chains which connect with the ends of the axles of the rollers B,
the same having grooves turned in them to receive loops or eyes pendent from the
chains. Supposing a middle roller is required to be removed, the chains are first
connected to its axle and the caps of its bearings are taken off; the levers D are
then raised, and with them the bearings of all the rollers, then by dropping the
nuts c on the shafts C of the bearings of the roller to be removed, and of those of
the rollers beneath it, ample space will be obtained for the lifting out and replacing

page_text: of the roller in question. The roller to which the windlass chains 1, 1, are attached
may then be swung out of the machine and lowered onto a receiving truck.
Fig. 6 shews in sectional plan a modification in the form of the standards A.
This construction may be adopted if thought desirable in place of that shewn at
Fig. 3.
By means of this machine a length or web of paper or other fabric may receive
successive rollings by reversing the direction of the rollers, and by driving and
slackening alternately the cores which take up or deliver the fabric from and to the
calendering machine.
The like result may be obtained in the machine to be now described when used
to operate upon webs. This machine is however mainly designed for operating
upon sheets of paper; it consists of a central roll around which are arranged a series
of pressing rolls, the central roll being the driving roll.
Sheet II. of the Drawings shews a calendering machine which when furnished
with a rolling up and off apparatus can be used for calendering webs or long lengths
of material. Fig. 7 is a sectional elevation and Fig. 8 a partial sectional plan
view of the machine. A is a chilled cast iron roll which is mounted in bearings in
the framing B; and C, C, are paper rolls mounted around the central roll A; these
are so mounted as to permit of their being readily taken out of the frame. The
guiding of the material to be calendered from one roll to another is effected by the
strippers D, D, made of sheet metal which are set close to the periphery of the roll
A, and are carried by a pair of rings E, E; these rings are mounted loosely on
fixed bearings concentrically with the roller A. By means of weights F, F, or of
springs acting upon the rings E the strippers D, D, are pressed with their sharp
edges towards the rolls C, C, whereby the detaching of the material under treatment
from these rolls is effected. G, H, are fixed strippers attached to the framing; the
stripper G acts upon the central roll, and the stripper H on the last of the series of
paper rolls to guide the material out of the machine. These strippers as well as
the strippers D serve also to clean their respective rolls.
When sheets of paper are to be operated upon they are fed by bands into the bite
of the rolls, and when they have passed between the bite of all the rolls they are
stripped from the central roll by the stripper G and delivered onto the table I by
means of the scraper or stripper H. From this table the sheets may be taken and
delivered again and again to the pressure of the rolls until the desired face has been
produced upon the sheets. The pressing rollers may be held up to their work by
springs or weighted levers as in the first described arrangement.
In order to true these pressing rollers, or remove their tendency to wear hollow,
the machine should be run from time to time empty, or these rolls may for the same
purpose be run in contact with trueing rolls.
Although I have stated that the rolls are made of iron and paper, I would remark
that other materials may be employed according to the nature of the fabric that is
to be submitted to their action.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "Improvements in Rolling
and Calendering Machinery," and explained the manner of carrying the same into
effect, I wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited Letters Patent
I claim,―
First. As an improvement in calendering machines the arrangement above
described with reference to Sheet I. of the Drawings for supporting and adjusting
the bearings of the rollers in the framing.
Secondly. The arrangement above described for imparting adjustable pressure to
the calendering rollers, and facilitating their removal from the machine.
Thirdly. The arrangement of apparatus above described for delivering the webs
to the calendering machine, and taking the same therefrom.

page_text: Fourthly. The arrangement of calendering machine described with reference to
Sheet II. of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Wilhelm Richard Schürmann, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty fifth day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
W. R. SCHÜRMANN. (L.S.)