Improvements in the Method of Making Flat Springs of Spirally Wound Wire Coils, and in Apparatus used therein.
Year: 1893

page_text: Improvements in the Method of Making Flat Springs of Spirally
Wound Wire Coils, and in Apparatus used therein.
I, HERMANN HEINRICH WAGENER of Cassel, Untere Carlstrasse Germany,
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention embraces a further developement of the invention patented to me
Sept. 15th 1891 No. 15663. By it I am enabled to make flat wire springs of any
width and strength having a closed surface.
The old method also allows to produce broad springs by using coils of sufficient
The product
diameter, but the meshes of such broad springs are wide and open.
has the appearance of a braided or woven band with the threads lying loose,
without being bound by the weft or warp.
The flat wire springs hitherto produced are all pressed flat in one direction only
any desirable
and no method has been known by which the coils might be pressed in
direction so as to produce springs of varied appearance and qualities, which may be
compared with the various manners of binding in weaving.
According to this new method I proceed as follows: I wind any suitable number
of wires round a mandril in one direction and an equal or larger or smaller number
of wires round an other mandril in the opposite direction, then I bring them together
by inserting the coils into each other either in an axial direction-(in which case
one coil must be correspondingly smaller in diameter)-or I bring them together in
a radial direction either changing wire by wire alternately, thus one left and one
right coil following each other in any number as may be required to get a flat
spring of the desired strength, thickness and closeness of the meshes, or I put the
wires together two, three, four together in a set of one direction of winding,
changing with sets of two, three, four wires wound in the opposite direction to the
first sets, or the sets may be of different numbers of coils, as for instance a set of
two wires of left winding may be meshed together with only one coil of right
winding or with sets of three wires of left winding and so on, changing the number
of each set at will in order to produce flat stripes of various texture and outside
appearance.
Now putting the coils together in an axial direction, this will be understood
from the following: The coils which are all wound to the same pitch, form the
sceleton of a tube, the one being so much smaller than the other that its outside
diameter is barely as large as the inside diameter of the larger one, it can therefore
be inserted telescopelike into the other.
The windings of both being of same inclination or if I may so term it, parallel to
each other, they may be shifted sideways, so that their geometrical axes do not any
more coincide, but stand parallel to each other and the wires of smaller coil.now on
one side project out of the circumference of the larger coil.
This movement sideways or in a radial direction in this case may go so far until
the inner edges of the wire of one coil meets the inner edges of the other coil and
it does not make any difference whether two single wires are put together in the
said manner or whether a number of them, are so brought together axially and
alled nartly asunder then.

page_text: By putting the coils together in a radial direction I mean the following
operation:
Wires wound to a spiral coil of left winding and having the same pitch as coils
that are wound in right winding, so that in both coils the distances from winding to
winding are equal, are put side by side, the wire of the one coil falling into the
space of the other coil and then the one coil is shifted laterally into the other coil
any desirable distance and the two coils so put together are then pressed flat.
I produce a further variation in the texture of the springs by my process in
rolling or pressing the coils flat in any direction, either vertically, horizontally, or
in any oblique direction from the reight or left side, and I have invented for this
process a special arrangement of rolls.
A. further improvement, connected with the rolling consists in producing an even
and uniform edge by rolling the flat springs also edge ways at the same time while
they are pressed flat.
By this new process I can produce springs of greater elasticity than any other
sort of springs which are much lighter than ordinary flat steel springs of same
width and equal resistance.
For making the main or front corset stays (blanchettes) I wind the coils upon
conical bars and produce conically shaped coils which, when put together in any of
the described manners and pressed flat, give wedge shaped flat springs.
Where required I insert into the coils, before pressing them flat, a thin flat steel
band or strip; they thus receive more stiffness, but they also can not be bent
edgeways.
In the accompanying drawings I have shown various examples of flat wire springs
made according to my improved process.
Figure 1 shows a corset stay the spring of which is produced by winding the
wires upon a conical mandril, inserting one coil then into the other axially, pulling
them a little asunder and pressing them flat.
Figure 2 shows a piece of this spring in an enlarged scale.
Figures 3 and 4 are two similar views of a conical corset stay spring made by
inserting conically wound coils side ways or radially into each other and being then
pressed flat.
Fig. 5 is a corset stay of similar make as that shown by Figure 1, that is with
conically wound coils but having flat steel strips inserted into the coils before
pressing them flat.
In making the springs shown in Figure 6 two wires are wound in the same
direction on a conical bar and two small strips of flat steel are then inserted into
the coils which are then pressed flat; to prevent that the strips slip out of their
place near the two edges of the spring the wires are bound in the middle by a
separate binding wire.
In Figure 5 is shown a flat wire spring consisting of two wires wound in one
direction and put together with a single coil, wound in the other direction.
Figure 6 is an example of a flat wire spring in which four coils of wires in two
pairs, of opposite winding for each single wire in the pair, are brought together
and rolled flat.
In Figure 7 is shown a flat wire spring of similarly arranged wires but pressed
flat in a direction at right angle to the preceding spring, which gives this spring a
different appearance, a different texture.
Fig. 8 is a flat wire spring of two wires wound in opposite directions in the
same manner as the conical coils of Figures 1 and 3, but which has been pressed
flat in a direction at right angle to those two examples and which at the same time
has passed through edge rollers to ensure a perfect straight edge and symetrical
position of the wire coils with regard to each other.
Figure 9 is a spring of similar makė differing only by the different direction in
which it has been pressed flat.
The flat wire spring shown by Figure 10 consists of six wires, three of which are

page_text: wound in one direction and three in the other, and which are then put together
radially one by one, alternately one of left winding and one of right winding. A
similar example is shown by Figure 11, in which case four wires have been wound
and put together in the same manner just as before described.
An other product is shown by Figure 12 made according to my enlarged process:
here groups of three wires are wound in the left direction and put together radially
with three coils of wire wound in the right direction and then pressed flat.
Figure 13 is a flat wire spring of similar appearance. It is made of groups of
oppositely wound coils of two wires each coil.
Figures 14 and 15 show two examples of flat wire springs, produced by simply
winding any number of wires, four in Figure 14, and three in Figure 15, in one
direction and pressing them flat.
Very thin springs of a great number of wires can be made in this way and
giving a great elasticity in one direction, but they have not that resisting force
edge ways as the springs produced by the varied operations indicated before.
For making any of the springs described herein before, I use a sort of a rolling
mill which is shown in various modifications in the figures on sheet two of the
drawing, Figures 16, 17 and 18 being respectively a front view, a side view and a top.
view of an arrangement with horizontal pressure rolls.
In₁
The rolls A and B are so carried in bearings, (not shown in the drawing), that
they can be pressed one upon the other and also shifted lengthways more or less
upon each other; near their ends they are provided with the adjustable collars C
and D which are always put so close together, by shifting the rolls lengthways,
that their distance corresponds exactly to the width of the spring to be made, and
that the side edge of each of them touches closely the face of the other roll.
front of the rolls I arrange the grooved guide rollers E, F. The diameter or
width of the grooves of these guide rollers nearly corresponds to the diameter of
the wire coils; they are placed so close together that their grooves, when the rollers
nearly touch each other, allow only so much passage that two wire coils can only
pass when being stuck into each other (radially).
In working these rolls two coils are put together at their ends by hand, they
are then inserted into the round passage between the two guide rolls and having
been pressed flat a little the flattened part is put between the pressure rolls A
and B and these are now set in motion, thus nipping the spring between them and
pressing it flat, whilst the collars C and D cause a straight and even edge to be
made; the guide rollers E and F cause the coils to he interlocked with, or stuck
radially into each other.
Figures 19 and 20 show a rolling machine for making flat wire springs which
are pressed together in the same direction in which they are stuck into each
other.
The rolls A', B' are arranged vertically same as the guide rollers E¹, F¹ and
they are pressed together in a horizontal direction; the collars C¹, D' are
similary placed and serve for the same purpose as in the preceding case..
Figure 20 shows how the coils enter between the guide rollers and the pressure
rollers and that here the flat wire spring exits out of them standing vertically.
The Figures 21, 22 and 23, 24 show two similarly arranged pressure rolls A2, B2
and A³, B³, respectively, in front view and side view having the rollers put
obliquely in opposite directions; in one case the rolls are inclined towards the
right, in the other they lean to the left side.
The guide rollers E², F¹ and E³, F³ are arranged like those in the preceding
cases. The pressure rollers are of course also pressed together in an oblique
direction.
Finally I show in Figures 25 and 26, respectively, a front view and top view of
an arrangement, in which the collars are replaced by edge rollers. A and B
are the pressure rollers, which are here arranged vertically C and D are the edge
rollers; E and F are the guide rollers. It is evident that the pressure roller

page_text: 4
might be arranged horozontally, working together with vertically arranged edge
rollers. The guide rollers E, F lead the coils into the machine; A, B, press.
them flat and C, D' straighten the edges.
o
The arrangement with the edge rollers has the advantage before the use of
the edge collars in the other designs, that the edge rollers also press a little
upon the flat pressed spring edgeways and a more uniform fabric will thus be
produced.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The method of making flat wire springs by using two systems of spirally
wound wire coils, namely such of left winding and such of right winding of equal
pitch, which may either be all cylindrical and of same or different diameter or all
conical of the same angle of the cone, inserting corresponding coils into each other
alternately either one wire of left winding and one wire of right winding in any
number of each sort according to the required strength, thickness and closeness
of the spring to be made or changing the wires in groups of equal or unequal
numbers of wires of one system, 2, 3, 4 wires of left winding, changing with groups
of 2, 3, 4 wires of right winding, pressing the combined coils flat by suitable
pressing apparatus in any direction radially to the width of the coils.
2. The pressing apparatus used for making said flat wire springs consisting of
a pair of pressure rollers (A, B; A¹, B¹; A2, B2) having their axes arranged
horizontally, vertically, or obliquely, having collars (C, D; C¹, D¹; C², D²) put
upon them, so that the collar of each roller with its side edge touches the face
of the other roller, the space between the collars corresponding to the width of
the spring to be made; guide rollers E, F being arranged in front of the pressure
rollers, by means of which the coils are inserted into each other sideways while
they are pulled into the pressure rollers and pressed flat (Figures 16-24).
3. The modified pressing apparatus consisting of two pairs of rolls (A, B₁;
C₁, D*) the first pair pressing the coils flat, the other two rollers adjusting the
springs edgeways, so as to form straight edges and produce a uniform width;
guide rollers (E, F) serving for leading the coils into the pressure rolls
(Figures 25 and 26).
The whole as set forth and for the purpose specified.
ليمو
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