Improvements in or in connection with Petroleum Burners for Heating Purposes.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Apr., 1896-Accepted, 16th May, 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by WILLIAM MAYBACH, of Cannstatt,
Wurtemberg, Germany, Engineer.]
Improvements in or in connection with Petroleum Burners for
Heating Purposes.
I, FREDERICK RICHARD SIMMS of 49 Leadenhall Street, London in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The petroleum heating apparatus which forms the subject of my invention and
which is mainly adapted for heating the part of a petroleum engine at which
ignition is to take place, though it may be employed for other heating purposes as
well, comprises two pipes inserted into each other, viz.: an outer or oil-vapour
pipe, with a gas jet and burner cap or dome; and an inner or oil raising pipe.
Under the action of an external heating medium, both the outer and inner pipes,
in a short time, become heated to so high a temperature that the petroleum rising
under pressure in the inner pipe becomes converted into vapour. Then, on its way
to the gas jet, it is superheated, so that, as it issues from the jet, it burns without
giving off any odour.
Its own flame then maintains the apparatus at the required temperature.
Owing to arrangement of the gasifying bodies one within the other, the cooling
surface is reduced to the least conceivable minimum, so that but a small amount of
heat is necessary for gasification. Besides, this arrangement enables the burner
dome or cap to assume any desirable shape, so that the shape of the flame too, may
vary at will. And, lastly the whole apparatus (constructed on this improved
system) will present a beautifully symmetrical appearance and, owing to its
compact construction, occupy but little space.
In the accompanying drawings, Figs. 1 to 4 represent the apparatus by way of
example; a being the outer pipe fitted with a burner cap or dome b, and a gas
jet c; and d the inner pipe.
When it is desired to set the apparatus in operation, the heating of the same is
commenced by means of an outer flame, after which petroleum is supplied under
pressure through e. The vapour, as it is evolved, rises within the inner pipe,
passes through the space between the heated walls of the two pipes, and issues
from the gas jet c under pressure, so that, when ignited, it developes into a flame
within the dome b; a vivid blue flame becoming, in consequence, visible above
such dome.
In order to prevent those constituent elements of the petroleum, which have not
been converted into gas, from being carried along to the gas jet and obstructing the
same, the space between the two pipes is filled up with closely woven wire gauze,
as at f, adapted to retain all impurities, and serving at the same time to assist the
super-heating of the oil vapour, since, as will be readily understood, it is intensely
heated together with the pipes.
For the purpose of utilizing the heating power of the flame to better advantage,
say, for heating the igniting body z of a petroleum engine, a dome g is provided;
its object being to obviate loss of heat by radiation from the heated body and, on
the other hand, to keep it heated by its own radiation; while at the same time it

page_text: serves to conduct the heat back to the apparatus and thereby assists the gasification
process. In the upper part of the dome or cap g perforations are provided so as
to reduce the resistance to the flame.
In order to prevent any outward radiation of heat, the said dome and the top
part of the apparatus may be surrounded with some heat-proof medium or material,
such as asbestos or the like.
The aperture of the burner dome or cap may assume any suitable shape
according to the particular purpose for which it is intended to use the burner;
thus it may be either circular or, as shown, in the shape of an elongated slot; and
the position of such aperture in relation to the axis of the apparatus is also
immaterial, as it cannot influence the action of the apparatus in any way (see
Figs. 3 and 4).
The pressure requisite for the petroleum supply and the operation of the heating
apparatus may be produced by different methods.
Thus hand-operated air pumps, india-rubber balls or other similar devices may
be employed to force air into the petroleum receiver; or such receiver may be
mounted above the apparatus at such a height as to cause pressure to develop of its
own accord.
Where the apparatus is to be used in connection with petroleum engines, a
special arrangement may be adopted, enabling a portion of the exhaust gases
rushing out with great rapidity to be intercepted by a nozzle pipe or jet so disposed
as to face or meet the current of such gases, and to be then conveyed to the oil
receiver; the high degree of speed with which the gas current flows being
converted into pressure.
An arrangement such as this is shown in Figures 5 and 6 of the accompanying
drawing.
A is the exhaust valve of an engine; B the exhaust pipe; C the jet or nozzle
pipe which may be arranged either as shown in Figure 5 or as illustrated in
Figure 6, the only condition being that the mouth of such jet-pipe should point in
the direction opposite to that of the gas current.
Behind the jet-pipe C, a back pressure valve F is inserted into the pipe E
leading to the petroleum receiver D; whereby loss of pressure is prevented ;
while the safety valve G, which is adjustable to any predetermined pressure by
means of either a screw, a spring, or a weight, is employed to prevent a higher
degree of pressure than is necessary from being attained.
At the end of the pipe E, just before it joins the receiver D, the vessel or
chamber H is arranged for the double purpose of serving both as an air chamber
and as a means for separating water and impurities. These may be discharged,
or air may be allowed to escape, by opening the cock i provided for the purpose.
Within the said vessel H there is a perforated pipe K which is enveloped in
several layers of wire cloth or gauze, which forms a protective network for
preventing the flames from reaching the interior of the receiver.
By means of the pipe e, petroleum is forced to the part of the apparatus where
it is to be utilized.
It will be clearly understood that part of the exhaust gases issuing through
the valve A must be intercepted by the pipe C and conveyed to the receiver D.
The pressure obtained by means of the arrangement just described is sufficient
to force the contents of the receiver to a height of from 3 to 6 metres; and
whenever there occurs any diminution of pressure, it is immediately compensated
for, so that equal pressure will at all times prevail.
In order to have available pressure within the receiver even before the engine
is set in operation, it is only necessary, whilst keeping the exhaust pipe B closed,
to turn the engine by hand so as to force the air which. it has drawn in by suction
and which issues through the valve A, into the receiver through the nozzle pipe C
and the pipe E. Or the requisite initial pressure may, be produced in the receiver
by means of a hand operated air pump, a rubber ball or the like.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. Petroleum heating apparatus the main feature of which resides in two pipes.
inserted into each other and serving as gasifying bodies, the inner one of which
serving as an oil-raising pipe, while the outer pipe is fitted with a gas jet and a
burner cap or dome with an aperture of any suitable shape; the complete.
arrangement being compact and symmetrical, offering reduced cooling surfaces.
and enabling heating flames of any desirable form or configuration to be
produced.
2. In the petroleum heating apparatus characterized in the first claim, the inter-
mediate space between the two pipes, filled with wire gauze, for the purpose of
purifying and superheating the oil vapour.
3. In the petroleum heating apparatus characterized in the first claim, the
provision of the dome or cap g. for the purpose of preventing loss of heat by
radiation from the heated body and for conducting the heat back to the
apparatus.
4. In combination with the heating apparatus referred to in the first claim,.
and with a view to its employment in conjunction with petroleum engines, an
arrangement for feeding or supplying petroleum under pressure; such arrangement.
consisting of an intercepting pipe or nozzle, so arranged as to point in the direction
opposite to that in which the current of exhaust gases moves; a back-pressure-
valve with a safety valve amounted above it; a separating chamber H surmounting
the oil receiver and provided with a perforated pipe K enveloped in wire gauze,.
through which the purifying exhaust gases or vapours may be admitted on to
the oil receiver for the purpose of exercising pressure; and the requisite junction.
pipes.
A 1906
E. H. G. BREWSTER,
Agent for Applicant.