matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING RIVETS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Charles Fenwick Wilson
and Thomas Green at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 24th December 1857.
We, HENRY CHARLES FENWICK WILSON and THOMAS GREEN, both of
Dunston, in the County of Durham, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING RIVETS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in combining together certain mechanism into a
machine or apparatus adapted for the manufacture of rivets. The said
machine or apparatus is composed of the following parts:-1st, a framing
supporting a horizontal shaft on which are fixed certain cams or eccentrics
operating upon four vertical levers, two of which carry tools suitable for
giving the required shape to the heads of rivets, and the other two of such
said levers have inclined surfaces formed thereon, which as they are alternately
raised and lowered operate upon certain sliding cutting tools or instruments
for dividing the metal into proper lengths for each rivet. The aforesaid.
cutting tools slide against a plate fixed to the head of the machine, through
which and also the aforesaid fixed plate three holes are made, the middle hole
in each part is that through which the metal passes of which the rivets are
to be made, and the other two holes have sliding rods working therein, and
connected each to a vibrating lever which is operated upon by those levers on
which inclines are formed as before stated, said rods being employed for push-
ing out the rivets when finished, a counterbalance weight withdrawing the

page_text: rods from the holes in the before-mentioned sliding cutter. This cutter is in
fact the tool which receives the metal of which the rivet is formed, and holds
it while it is being headed by the action of the two first-mentioned cams
thereon.
During this operation the piece of metal which is in one or other of the
holes in the cutter is brought opposite to the solid part of the before-men-
tioned fixed plate.
An important feature in this Invention consists in its being double-acting,
that is to say, whilst one side of the machine is discharging the rivet last
made, the opposite side of the machine is making another rivet, and so on in
alternate succession. By these means a larger number of rivets can be made
in a given time than by the use of machines as heretofore constructed and
employed in and for such manufacture.
The machine has attached to it a self-acting feeding apparatus, worked by
levers, and a scroll on the main shaft, the iron being being used in lengths of
from one to three feet according to the size of rivets, is, by this apparatus, fed
through the machine in lengths requisite to make the rivets.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GRINDING MILLS
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Eugène Liger at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th June 1857.
I, PIERRE EUGÈNE LIGER, of Rouez, in the Department of Sarthe, (Empire
of France,) Miller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GRINDING MILLS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in grinding mills relates to the means of
supporting and adjusting the running stone of such mills, in such manner that
it may be readily and correctly adjusted in equilibrium, and so that it will
maintain its equilibrium during the working of the stone, whereby the grind-
ing action is rendered more.equable, and the minimum of power only required
to drive the stone. To effect this I fit a metal hoop within the eye of the
running stone, which is furnished with two bearings placed diametrically
opposite to each other, which receive the ends of a cross bar or rynd, on
which the stone is pivoted. The cross bar is embraced in the middle of its
length by the driving clutch fitted to the top of the driving shaft. Under the
cross bar, and between that and the top of the driving shaft, a cushion or pad
is placed; this receives the centre pivot of the shaft on which the stone rests.
This centre pad is adjustable by means of set screws in the direction of the

page_text: length of the cross piece, for the purpose of adjusting the equilibrium of the
stone in that direction, while the bearings supporting the pivots of the cross
bar are also adjustable by means of set screws, whereby the stone may be
balanced in the opposite or cross direction to that before mentioned.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BULLETS AND SHOT
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Tytherleigh at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th March
1857.
I, WILLIAM TYTHERLEIGH, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BULLETS AND SHOT," to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists of the manufacture of bullets and shot of cast
iron, wrought iron, and of the annealed cast iron called malleable iron, in
the manner herein-after described. In manufacturing bullets of cast iron,
I form them by casting, by the ordinary casting processes; and if the cast iron
employed is of the kind which can be annealed, I anneal the said bullets by
heating them in contact with oxide of iron, as is well understood; I afterwards
perfect their form by dies and pressure. When I use wrought iron I form
the bullets or shot by dies and pressure, the iron being by preference in a cold
state. When I make very small projectiles or shot, I take cast iron in a fused
state and pour it from a height through a perforated ladle or colander, or
otherwise divide it, causing the drops by preference to fall into water. My
Invention is applicable to bullets of various forms. The essence of my
Invention consists in making bullets and shot of iron, as described.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OR METHODS OF AFFIXING OR SECURING PATTERNS AND DESIGNS UPON ROLLERS AND BLOCKS USED FOR IMPRINTING ON PAPER AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Evans at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th October 1857.
I, JOHN EVANS, of Lower Road, Islington, in the County of Middlesex,
Designer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OR METHODS OF AFFIXING OR SECURING PATTERNS
AND DESIGNS UPON ROLLERS AND BLOCKS USED FOR IMPRINTING ON PAPER AND
OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
At present there are two methods of producing any given figure on rollers;
the one method is by driving a metal figure close to the surface of the roller,
clearing out the wood to the depth of the eighth of an inch, and then filling
up the outline or figure with felt; the other, by driving the metal outline or
figure into the roller, leaving the figure in relief, and then filling up the figure
with felt as before.
The present Invention consists in enveloping the roller with felt or other
substances to about the eighth of an inch in thickness, driving the metal
through the felt into the wood below, and then by clearing away the super-
fluous felt or substance the figure will be left in relief already fill'd in, thus
securing accuracy in fitting, and saving a great amount of labour and time.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEREOSCOPES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Paul Emile Chappuis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd June 1857.
I, PAUL EMILE CHAPPUIS, of Fleet Street, London, Patent Reflector Manu-
5 facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN STEREOSCOPES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of the use of metallic or other reflectors in or on
stereoscopes, for the purpose of increasing the intensity of light brought to
bear on the objects viewed through that apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLANTING POTATOES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Baird at the Office of tho
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd January 1857.
I, JOHN BAIRD, of Govan, near Glasgow, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLANTING POTATOES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in planting potatoes.
Heretofore in planting potatoes it has been usual to make holes by hand in
the land and to drop pieces of potato into such holes by hand. Now, my
Invention consists of combining apparatus suitable for making furrows and for
depositing pieces of potatoe at suitable intervals apart in such furrows and
then to cover in such furrows. For these purposes a suitable frame is con-
structed, and at the fore part thereof one or more shares or ploughs, according
as one or more furrows are to be produced, are attached. Behind each of such
ploughs there is a rotating apparatus carried by the axle of the two side wheels
of the machine. The rotating apparatus is hollow, and is divided into separate
compartments, the openings out of which (at the periphery) are at a distance
apart equal to that at which the pieces of potatoe are to be deposited in the
furrow. Each opening out of the rotating apparatus is provided with two
doors, which open outwards when the compartment to which they belong comes
below the axis of rotation, and the piece of potatoe in such compartment will
drop out into the furrow below. The doors are by preference closed by a spring,
and they are opened by a projection from one of the doors coming against a
lever or suitable instrument. The pieces of potatoe are contained in a suitable
holder at the back of the machine, between which and the rotating apparatus

page_text: is a rotating feeder inclosed in a case; such rotating feeder has as many inclines
formed on its periphery as there are compartments in the rotating apparatus,
and at the end of each incline is formed a recess or cup to take up one or more
pieces of potatoe as it passes through the holder in which the pieces of potatoe
are contained. The rotating depositing apparatus and the rotating feeding
apparatus are geared together, so that in their revolution the rotating feeding
apparatus will by each of its recesses take one or more pieces of potatoe, and
as such recesses pass over the axis such pieces will pass from the recesses into
the compartments of the rotating depositing apparatus, the doors of such
compartments being opened for that purpose, and they close again immediately
afterwards; or the doors may be dispensed with, and the rotating depositor
may revolve within a fixed case, open at bottom to admit of the passage of the
pieces of potatoe from the compartments as they come round. The hinder
part of the machine is provided with ploughs to cover in the furrow or furrows,
and such hinder part of the machine is supported by a wheel or wheels; or
the apparatus may be arranged single, and suitable to be supported behind by
a man, in which case the ploughs would be omitted, and the man would wheel
the apparatus over a furrow produced by a separate plough.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Adamson and Richard
Holland at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 15th January 1857.
We, ROBERT ADAMSON, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Ironfounder,
and RICHARD HOLLAND, of the same Place, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, first, in causing the slay to work, from the crank or
driving shaft bearing on one or more surfaces supported from the framing.
Second, in causing the picking motions to be worked separately, viz., from
each end of the crank or driving shaft, or any convenient parts of the same,
by means of toothed wheels placed on any two parts of the driving shaft, the
smaller wheels driving the larger ones, which are fixed to the framing by
sockets or bearings, the above forming two distinct motions.
Third, of an improved treading or heald motion, which consists of a con-
necting rod or rods actuated from the picking motions by a crank or eccentric
and giving a direct action to a shaft with bosses to attach to the healds, making
a revolution at one of the said connecting rod or rods, and a circular or any
other motion that may be required at the opposite end, to form the shed or
sheds of the said heald motion.
Fourth, in causing the back bearer or yarn carrier to work in two slides or

page_text: bearings attached to the framing, forming a motion at the control of the yarn,
the motion being restricted by springs or buffers.
Fifth, of a friction lever or levers for pressing the yarn beam, in place of
weights, ropes, and springs usually employed, attached to the framing by a stud
or bracket, used or compressed by a screw or joint fitted with leather, or any
other frictional surface or surfaces pressing directly upon the yarn beam or
roller.
It is proposed to apply either the whole or any part of the above improve-
ments to power looms, as any one of the above improvements may be added
without interfering with the other.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Lawrence at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st March
1857.
I, THOMAS LAWRENCE, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, <io
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to such steam engines as are so constructed that the
steam after acting on a high-pressure piston or pistons passes through apertures
into a low-pressure or condensing engine and then on to the condenser.
These improvements consist in the introduction of certain valves to the
apertures leading from the high-pressure cylinder to the condensing engine, for
the purpose of cutting off the communication between the high and low pressure
cylinders, and communicating the high-pressure cylinder with the condenser
at any part of the stroke, and creating a vacuum on both sides of the high-
pressure piston alternately, thereby increasing the power of the same. This is
accomplished as follows:-I fix a valve to the exhaust pipe of the high-
pressure cylinder, with a pipe attached, communicating with the condenser ;
also to a branch in continuation on the said valve, I fix a second valve, with
a pipe attached, communicating with the low-pressure or condensing engine.
This valve opens in the direction of the steam when passing from the high
to the low-pressure cylinders. The exhaust steam in passing from the high-

page_text: pressure cylinder to the condensing engine opens the second valve, then the
steam passes onwards to the low-pressure or condensing engine, and the valve is
then closed, the steam left to expand, and the first valve opened, simultaneously
communicating the high-pressure cylinder or cylinders with the condenser,
thereby creating a vacuum in the same.
By the addition of a third valve more pressure would be obtained on the
piston in the low-pressure cylinder, the steam being supplied to this valve
direct from the boiler.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CORDS TO BE USED IN SKIRTS AND PETTICOATS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elias Bowcock at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th February
1857.
I, ELIAS BOWCOCK, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manager,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CORDS TO BE USED IN SKIRTS AND PETTICOATS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to what is now commonly called French skirt cord,
and is used as applied sewed or stitched to skirts or petticoats, for the purpose
of distending them. And my improvement consists in the peculiar manufac-
ture, or arrangement, or combination of the threads of which such cords are
composed. I take a number of straight threads or yarns, commonly called
"candlewick," for the foundation, according to the thickness or diameter of
the cord required, which I cover by winding around such threads with from
two to six threads (or thereabouts) of from "two to six fold" yarn or
thread, which covering is regularly wound around the foundation threads, and
afterwards plaited or crossed over backwards and forwards, or in reverse
directions, with a band or stripe of sewing threads, say, from two to six
threads or thereabouts.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LAMPS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hedgely at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th May
1857.
I, JAMES HEDGELY, of Westbourne Street, Eaton Square, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LAMPS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the roof lamps of railway carriages, and has for
its object the following improvements:---
First, I form the top of the lamp with a revolving cowl, by which the
smoke and vitiated air can escape from the lamp without admitting the
weather or a draught of cold air into the carriage, which in ordinary railway
carriage lamps produces flickering of the light; or, instead of the above, I
propose to affix a cowl to the opening made in the roof of the carriage
(through which the lamp is inserted), so that when the lamp is away such cowl
may operate as a ventilator.
Secondly, instead of using only one glass for surrounding the light from the
wick of the lamp, I use two glasses, placed one over the other so as to leave
space between them for the passage of air through suitable openings to support
combustion of the said wick, and I form a hole or opening through the
bottom of the innermost of such said glasses; and by these means I supply

page_text: the air directly underneath the light, and thus prevent flickering of the light,
and obtain increased illuminating power thereof.
Thirdly, I furnish the pipes that convey the oil from the reservoir down to
the wick with stop-cocks, which I shut off before filling the reservoir with oil,
and afterwards open, and thus I prevent the admixture of air therewith.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE TRANS- MISSION OF MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Uriah Lane at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th March
1857.
I, URIAH LANE, of Number 46, Regency Square, Brighton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE TRANS-
MISSION OF MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
Suppose this figure to represent a system
of rods or bars jointed or connected to-
gether at their several points of contact c
with each other, then if the point C be
fixed, and any force be applied to the point
B
A, so as to cause it to describe a circle or straight line, the point B will
describe in the same time a corresponding circle or straight line of much
greater circumference or length.
I propose to apply this peculiar property of this system or arrangement
of levers to increase the velocity of some of the working parts of certain
machinery, and I beg to reserve the description of the several details of the
application of my Invention, and of the several heads of claim to which
I may be entitled, until the time for filing my Complete Specification shall
have arrived.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO STEAM PIPES OR CYLINDERS USED FOR HEATING OR DRYING, WHICH SAID APPARATUS MAY BE SIMILARLY EMPLOYED WHERE- EVER STEAM IS USED FOR SUCH PURPOSES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Fielding at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th May
1857.
I, JOSEPH FIELDING, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the County of Chester,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO STEAM PIPES OR CYLINDERS USED FOR
HEATING OR DRYING, WHICH SAID APPARATUS MAY BE SIMILARLY EMPLOYED WHERE-
EVER STEAM IS USED FOR SUCH PURPOSES," is as follows:-
My Invention relates to the apparatus for discharging the air and water
when requisite by self-acting apparatus, and is an improvement upon that for
which I have obtained provisional protection, dated 21st February 1857. The
present Invention consists in dispensing with the air valve placed in the lid or
cover of the steam chamber, and also with the lift valve for the discharge of
the water at the bottom of the same.
In lieu of these two lift valves I substitute a compound air and water valve.
or tap, which I place at the bottom of a chamber, and by means of this
adaptation of another class of valve in lieu of the lift valve for the water
(the air still escaping by a lift valve), I am enabled to work or open the
water valve for discharging at any amount of pressure the steam may be at
in the chamber, as a horizontal barrel-shaped valve or disc valve with openings

page_text: for the water to flow out can be opened and closed by the float ball and lever
as the water resulting from condensation accumulates. The air lift valve
is combined with and placed just above the water valve, and provided with a
passage or way through the water valve. The float on the air valve lever
either closes the valve as the water rises before the steam enters the box, or
the steam will shut it by its pressure.
I do not limit myself to the precise form of a barrel valve or a disc valve
for the discharge of the water, but intend to claim the adaptation and use of
such a character of valve (water valve and air valve being combined) as will
not be interfered with in its required operation by any amount of pressure in
the steam chamber, whereas I find by experience all lift valves are rendered
inoperative after a certain amount or degree of pressure has been obtained;
and by these improved means I am now enabled to discharge the air and water
through the same valve simply by the rising of the water in the steam box or
chamber.
THE NEW CORK ROLLER FOR LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING
Year: 1857

page_text: was
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Schmidt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th June
1857. A communication.
I, HENRY SCHMIDT, of 34, Surrey Street, Strand, in the County of Middle-
sex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE NEW CORK
ROLLER FOR LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING," (a communication,) to be as follows:-
The Invention consists of a wooden roller with a handle fixed at each
extremity thereof. On the wooden roller is placed a thin sheet of cork;
over the cork is rolled a coating of woollen cloth, and the cloth is then
covered with leather. On the two extremities of the roller are screwed two
brass plates to maintain the leather in its place. This mode is preferred as
the best method of carrying out the Invention, which will be more easily
understood by a reference to the accompanying Drawings.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN HEATING AND COOKING APPARATUS
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Crawford at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th May
1857.
I, JOHN CRAWFORD, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HEATING AND COOKING APPARATUS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to heating and cooking apparatus of the portable
kitchen range class, combining an oven, open or closed fireplace, boiler, hot
press or chamber, and a hot plate or table, with openings for the admission of
detached cooking vessels. The entire apparatus is independant and self-
contained, is of an oblong rectangular form, and is carried upon a set of four
pillar legs, so that it requires no building in, and may be set down any where
for use independant of a wall.. The fireplace is in or near the centre of the
apparatus. The bars are disposed vertically down the front, and they are
carried by a bend to form the bottom of the grate. The door is fitted with a
gridiron slide valve for the adjustment of the cold air supply to the fire.
Above the door is a swinging or vibrating hopper, which, by being drawn
forward, affords access to the fire for the supply of coals, or stirring the fuel
without opening the main door. The hot plate extends along the entire
length of the range; in it, at the part directly over the fire, there is a move-
able cover which can be removed at pleasure to make an open fire, but so long

page_text: as this plate is down, the fire is quite closed in like a stove fire. This cover
has in it a smaller moveable cover, which, when removed, affords admission
for a detached cooking vessel.
The parts of the range to the left side of the fireplace is formed as an oven,
and the heated current from the fireplace circulates all round it, and passes
off beneath it and beneath the fireplace; thence the current passes beneath
the boiler which is next to the fireplace on the right, and from this part it
ascends, passes over the top of the hot chamber, and reaches the flue or
chimney. The fireplace has attached to it a moveable ash pan or tray, into
which the ashes can be raked as required. Over the oven there is in the hot
plate a triple-covered plate, so contrived that when the two end circular pieces
only are taken out, two cylindrical cooking vessels can be inserted, and when
the central piece also is taken out, a fish kettle or other oval vessel can be put
in. Other covers are also disposed in the hot plate for various purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS AND PRESSURE GUAGES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Rothwell Lomax at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
June 1857.
1, WILLIAM ROTHWELL LOMAX, of 5, Albion Villas, Albion Road, Hammer-
smith, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS AND PRESSURE
GUAGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in governors and pressure
guages. For these purposes, in constructing a governor suitable for regulating
the supply and pressure of steam actuating the piston of a steam engine, a
rotatory blower or fan wheel is used, by which the air, or it might be other
fluid, received into its case, is forced into a chamber having a moveable
partition, against which the pressure of air or other fluid used acts. On the
axis of such partition is a crank or arm, which by a rod is connected to a
throttle or other valve, which regulates the flow of steam to the engine; and
in order to indicate the pressure of steam, a tube is affixed to a steam boiler,
which terminates with a small chamber, through the cover of which a plunger
moves, and its inner end is pressed on by the steam or water in the boiler, and
the extent of pressure is ascertained by the outer end of the plunger moving
a weighted arm or lever. The lower end of the weighted lever hangs down
out of the horizontal position, hence the effect of the weight on the plunger
will increase as the arm or lever is brought more and more towards the
horizontal position. The quantity of pressure acting on the inner end of the
plunger may be indicated on a suitable dial.
AN IMPROVED MODE OR MODES OF BLOWING, FEEDING, OR INTRODUCING AIR INTO FURNACES OR OTHER FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles de Bergue at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th December
1857.
I, CHARLES DE BERGUE, of No. 9, Dowgate Hill, in the City of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED MODE OR MODES OF BLOWING, FEEDING, OR INTRODUCING AIR INTO
FURNACES OR OTHER FIRE-PLACES," to be as follows:-
It is well known that considerable difficulty is sometimes experienced in
obtaining the required draught in furnaces and fire-places. In those of
locomotive and other high-pressure boilers this difficulty is met by the
employment of the waste steam through the blast pipe, which causes an
exhaust draught through the flues, whilst in those of marine and other
condensing engines (to which this expedient is inapplicable), and when the
ordinary draught caused by the funnel or chimney is insufficient, a pressure
draught has been attempted by means of a fan or other blast applied directly
to the furnaces or fire-places through closed ash-pits, the result of which has
been attended with great difficulties and considerable inconvenience to the
stokers, and requiring the frequent shutting off of the blast, to allow of the
proper feeding, stoking, and attention to the furnaces.
Now, my Invention has reference to the prevention of the above-mentioned
disadvantages, while at the same time it causes a more effectual and con-

page_text: venient ventilation or supply of air to the engine, or boiler, or furnace
rooms of steam vessels in particular, and boiler or furnace rooms or houses in
general.
And my said Invention consists in the covering or closing in of the said
rooms or houses, or the open spaces by which the fire-doors or other doors or
apertures of the furnaces or fire-places are surrounded, so as to make or
constitute and convert such rooms, houses, or open spaces into closed chambers,
but provided with closing doors for the entry and exit of the stokers or
attendants or otherwise, and the so forcing or delivering air into and main-
taining such a pressure within such chambers as to supply the said furnaces
or fire-places with the necessary blast from the chamber itself, through their
ordinary ash-pits or other openings in the usual manner, thus obviating the
necessity of having closed ash-pits, or of shutting off the blast for feeding the
fire, or making any alteration whatever in the furnace. The attendants or
stokers while operating, being themselves placed inside of the chambers or
boiler rooms containing the compressed air.
IMPROVED APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE CAPTURE OF WHALES AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION, left by Thomas Welcome Roys at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
September 1857.
I, THOMAS WELCOME ROYS, of Southampton, Long Island, in the State of
New York, in the United States of America, Master Mariner, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS APPLICABLE
TO THE CAPTURE OF WHALES AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows, (that is
to say):-
This Invention has for its objects, first, to stop a shot or shell at any given
distance after entering a solid or semi-solid body; and, secondly, using the
power of a shell or shot projected from a gun to carry barbs into a whale or
other object, and which barbs may have a line or lines attached thereto, so that
the object operated against may be made fast or held thereby. And the said
Invention consists of a collar or short tube having grains or barbs projecting
outwards at an angle from the sides thereof, and to which is attached a bridle
which is connected to a cord or chain, upon which a cross bar or other suitable
stop is fixed to prevent a shell or other projectile passing through or entering
too far into the substance operated against. A small chain or line may be
bent on to the stop when it is required to make fast to a whale or other object
against which it is projected. This barbed tube is fitted on to the muzzle of
a gun into which there has been previously introduced an explosive charge,

page_text: and a shot or shell, by preference of an elongated form, which has a portion of
two or more of its sides removed for a given distance so as to leave a pro-
jection at the rear end of the portion removed, which upon the shot or shell
being forced from the gun takes against projections or stops formed on the
inner side or end of the barbed tube placed on the muzzle of the gun, and
which causes the shot to carry the barbed tube and its appendages with it.
When it is required to keep hold of (say) a whale, after the shell which
carries the barbed tube and line has exploded, it is preferred to fill up a
portion of the rear end of the explosive compound chamber with some non-
explosive material to prevent the barbed tube being blown to pieces.
If preferred, in place of removing a portion of the projectile, projections may
be cast or formed upon the shot or shell to take hold of the barbed tube. In
that case a portion of the barrel will require to be cut out to admit these
projections, and which may be made if preferred to give the projectile a spiral
motion, then it would be requisite to attach the holding-on line to the stop
with a swival to prevent the line being too much twisted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MASTS, YARDS, AND SPARS FOR SHIPS OR SAILING VESSELS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Cato, of Liverpool, in the County of Lan-
caster, Ship Builder, and Joseph Betteley, of Liverpool aforesaid, Anchor
Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MASTS, YARDS,
AND SPARS FOR SHIPS OR SAILING VESSELS."
Sealed the 8th May 1857, and dated the 19th February 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Cato and Joseph
Betteley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 19th February 1857.
We, PETER CATO, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Ship Builder,
and JOSEPH BETTELEY, of Liverpool aforesaid, Anchor Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MASTS, YARDS,
AND SPARS FOR SHIPS OR SAILING VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in making ships' masts, yards, and
spars, and which are constructed in the following manner:-The yards are
formed of a tubular or other shape of iron, having flanges or projections
on their outsides, and between or beside such flanges we place iron of an
increased width to strengthen the centre portion of the yards, and between
or beside such flanges we attach bulb, tec, or other sectional shapes of iron to

page_text: give increased strength to tho yards. We also form yards of iron plates kept
apart by means of bolts or other filling pieces, and at the ends of such yards
we also apply wood or iron pieces also kept apart, and fastened by means of
wedges or bolts, so as to secure those parts into the main body of the yards.
Between the two plates of this last description of yard we place a centre
plate, which we call a fish-back, to strengthen it in its centre. We also apply
a similar piece of iron to increase the width of an ordinary shaped tubular
yard, or of one formed as we have first described, for the purpose of
strengthening the yards from the outside. We also apply plates of iron
between the flanches and passing through the yard for giving increased
strength. This plan is also applicable to wooden yards or spars for a centro
piece, the wood being applied instead of the tubular portions of iron, as abovo
described. We also form masts, spars, and yards of iron of a tubular form
(either with or without the flanges or fish backs, as above described), having
their extreme ends made of wood, so as to form the mastheads and yardarms.
We also form masts of a tubular shape having flanges on the outside, as
described in the making of the yards, and also with the application of plates of
bulb or other sectional shapes of iron, or of fish-back pieces of iron placed
between or beside the flanges, or otherwise attached to the masts on the out-
side, for giving increased strength. We also form tubes of a short length
with flanges, or what we call fish-backs, for strengthening them, for the. purpose
of securing two spars at the butt ends to form yards.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCUTCHING MACHINES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th January 1857.-A communication from Charles Leyherr, of Laval,
in the Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SCUTCHING MACHINES," a communication from Charles
Leyherr, of Laval, in the Empire of France, Spinner, to be as follows.-
This Invention relates to an improved system or mode of regulating the
admission of air into scutching machines during the process of scutching, so as
to facilitate the separation of foreign matters from the fibrous material, the
regulation being made according to the speed of the scutching or beating
drum, and the amount of fibrous material or thickness of web which is passed
through the machine.
The improvement consists in the admission of air at two places, completely
separated from each other at the under side of the drum. This may be effected
by making two openings in the concentric plate, which encloses the lower
portion of the drum. These openings are furnished with suitable regulating
or adjusting air valves or registers, and are separated from each other by a
suitable partition. The first of these openings is situated immediately below

page_text: the feeding roller in the ordinary manner, and the second opening is placed at
or near the bottom edge of the curved plate.
According to the system at present in use, where only the first opening is
used, the strong current of air which rushes in at that point has a tendency to
force the dirt or foreign matter which has been just loosened by the spikes of
the drum farther into the cotton or other fibrous material, and hence the
cleaning process is not satisfactorily carried out. But by diminishing the force
of this current and regulating it according to the needs of the machine, the
particles of foreign matter will be effectually separated and removed as long as
the force by which those matters are expelled by the rotatory action of the drum
is not overcome by the counter action of the in-rushing current of air; a second
opening is therefore made, which may be regulated at pleasure by a sliding door
or valve. A current of air is thus established at the second opening, which
may be made either to diminish or entirely stop that at the first opening by
suitably adjusting the valve.
OBTAINING A NEW SORT OF WHITE BY SILICATE OF MAGNESIA AND OXIDE OF ZINC OR BY SILICATE OF MAGNESIA AND CARBONATE OF LEAD, IN THE FIRST CASE A COMPOSITION OF ZINC, AND IN THE SECOND A COMPOSITION OF LEAD
Year: 1857

page_text: www
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christophe Muratori at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd May
1857.
I, CHRISTOPHE MURATORI, of. No. 9, Rue Laffitte, in the City of Paris,
at present residing at the Hotel de l'Europe, in the County of Middlesex,
Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"OBTAINING A NEW SORT OF WHITE BY SILICATE OF MAGNESIA AND OXIDE OF ZINC
OR BY SILICATE OF MAGNESIA AND CARBONATE OF LEAD, IN THE FIRST CASE A
COMPOSITION OF ZINC, AND IN THE SECOND A COMPOSITION OF LEAD," to be as
follows:-
I am composing the said new sort of white by silicate of magnesia and
oxide of zinc, or by silicate of magnesia and carbonate of lead. In the first
case it is to put it in the place of oxide of zinc, and in the second case to put
it in the place of carbonate of lead or ceruse. This new kind of white is
more solid by its base of silicia, less dangerous to health, and less expensive;
its composition is easy and within the reach of everybody; and by its quality
it does repulse the humidity.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RULES AND OTHER MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed, with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
April 1857.-A communication from M. Liegrist, of Dormach, in the
Empire of France.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RULES AND OTHER
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the application to measuring instruments of
various graduations or scales so arranged as to allow of the measurement of
circles, diameters, circumferences, superficies, and the cubing of cylinders,
without the necessity of making any calculations.
One of the forms which may be given to the instrument is that of a box
tape, which will permit of the application of the Invention to the measure-
ment of timber in forests. One of the scales on the tape is to be divided as
usual into feet and inches for the purpose of giving the direct measurement
of the circumference of circles. A second scale will shew their diameters by
its corresponding divisions, and a third scale will give the superficies or areas
of the circles, of which the figures of the second scale shew the corresponding
diameters.
The other side of the tape may contain a scale which will give in inches
and fractions of inches, and feet and fractions of feet, the cubes of the
cylinders, of which the other scales give the diameters and areas.

page_text: The arrangement of this instrument will therefore allow of the linear and
cubical dimensions of a cylinder being estimated, by measuring either its
circumference or its diameter; it is consequently well adapted for measuring
uncut timber.
The same principle of corresponding graduations may also be applied to a 5
rigid rule, and, also to other similar instruments, and the scales may be
modified to suit various kinds of measurements. The number of scales may
also be increased, giving, for instance, the homologous proportions of other
similar geometrical solids, such as spheres and the different polyhedrons.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CUTTING FILES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
November 1857.-A communication.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CUTTING FILES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention of improved machinery for cutting files consists in certain
means of controlling the operation of the chisel or cutter, so that the depth of
every cut may be the same from end to end of the file, notwithstanding the
longitudinal curvature of the faces, or that the successive cuts may be made of
a gradually increasing or diminishing depth at pleasure.
It also consists in certain means of controlling the position of the file blank
during the cutting operation, whereby each cut is caused to be of uniform depth
all across the file.
These objects are effected by the employment of a moveable wedge piece at
the top of the toggle by which the cutter is operated; this moveable wedge
piece is connected or combined with a foot piece fitted with a shoe that rests
upon the file blank or file. As the file blank passes under the foot piece and
shoe, this latter will by its connection with moveable wedge pieces above act on

page_text: the wedge piece, and thereby shorten or lengthen the stroke of the chisel, and
will consequently control the depth of cut throughout the whole length of the
file. The file or file blank is supported upon a rolling bed fitted to the carriage,
with rollers interposed for, the purpose of ensuring. a uniform depth of cut all
across the file, by causing the file blank and bed to adjust itself to the edge of
the cutter. The shoe of the foot piece is combined with the rolling bed in
such a manner as to rock with it, for which purpose the foot piece is made
V-shaped. By the employment of a tumbler combined, with the moveable
wedge piece, the rocking foot piece and shoe, the cutter and the shoe of the
foot piece is raised from the file, so as to prevent injury to the cutter or the file
during the return of the file carriage after one cutting operation has been
completed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HURDLES AND GATES
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Grant at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th January
1857.
I, WILLIAM GRANT, of 5, Newnham Street, Edgware Road, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HURDLES AND GATES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
hurdles and gates. For which purpose, in place of making hurdles and gates
with all the parts fixed, as heretofore, and so as constantly to retain the same
form, each hurdle is made in such manner that the uprights may be caused to
move towards or from each other before being fixed in the ground, and thus
offer a higher or lower fence as may be for the time being required. For this
purpose, in place of the connecting rods between the uprights passing from one
to the other in parallel and horizontal directions, they are made to cross or
intersect each other, and at the angles where they cross or intersect each other,
and also where they are attached to the uprights, they are pin-jointed, by which
means the two uprights at the end of a hurdle may be caused to be placed
near to or further from each other when desired. The uprights of these
hurdles are made with pointed feet or prongs, as heretofore, to fix them to
the land. Gates are similarly formed, but the uprights have no points, and
they are hung by fixing one of the uprights in each case, and they open or
close by moving the free uprights towards and from the fixed uprights.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PROPELLING SHIPS AND VESSELS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Murray at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd December
1857. A communication.
I, JOHN MURRAY, of Whitehall Place, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PROPELLING SHIPS AND VESSELS," a communication from abroad, to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
paddles to be employed in propelling vessels. These paddles consist of water-
tight hollow quadrants of a cylinder having five surfaces, namely, the curved
or cylindrical surface, the two quadrantal planes or sides, and the two sides or
quadrangular planes which form the right angle of the figure. The paddles
are hung upon horizontal centres at the apex or junction of the two last-
mentioned or quadrangular planes, a pair of such paddles being placed in a
suitable frame or support at the stern of the vessel, one at each side of the
keel, and they are made to oscillate within and in immediate juxtaposition
with a curved concave surface of a rather larger radius than that of the paddle.
These paddles are caused to strike the water alternately by means of any
convenient arrangement of mechanism. The position of the paddles when at
half-stroke is such that one of their quadrangular planes is partially immersed

page_text: vertically, whilst the other is in a horizontal position. And in order to carry
forward a considerable amount of dead water, it is proposed to indent or hollow
out slightly the impinging quadrangular surface of the paddle.