IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO CHURNS OR APPARATUS FOR CONVERTING MILK INTO BUTTER."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Powell, of Ruthin, in the County of Denbigh,
26
for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO CHURNS
OR APPARATUS FOR CONVERTING MILK INTO BUTTER."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Powell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th April 1881.
HENRY POWELL, of Ruthin, in the County of Denbigh.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
AND APPERTAINING TO CHURNS OR APPARATUS FOR CONVERTING MILK INTO
BUTTER."
In churns as at present constructed some difficulty is experienced in preventing
the dust and the oil or grease used for lubricating the bearings from entering the
milk, where the axle of the agitators pass through the churn horizontally, and
the bearings are placed in the side or vertically and the bearings placed above
the top.
My Invention is designed to supply a churn in which none of the bearings come
in contact with the milk, or are placed in such a way as to allow of the wasto.
lubricant entering it, and at the same time one that is easily worked and will take
up very little space.
It consists preferably of a rectangular chamber or box through which moves
horizontally a series of agitators. These agitators are attached to a cross bar fixed
to two slides, one on either side of the rectangular chamber working in bearings.
The rectangular chamber, which in a churn to operate on twenty one gallons of
milk will be of about the dimensions of twenty inches in depth, thirty two and a
half in length, and twenty six in width, is supported on suitable framing and about,
eighteen inches from the ground, leaving sufficient distance for the waste or butter
milk to be run out through a plug or tap into the usual receptacle without lifting
the churn. The slides and agitators are actuated by a series of levers passing down
the outside of the rectangular chamber, and beneath it arranged with a suitable
crank and bell crank lever, from which they receive motion, either by hand by
means of a handle, or by power; I use a fly wheel preferably driven from the
n
077

page_text: -
shaft to which the crank is fixed by a pulley and belt, the fly wheel making four
revolutions for each of the crank shaft, and about two inches from the ground.
Above the agitators, which are attached to the cross bar by means of a rigid
connecting rod, I place a flat bar or piece of wood to prevent the milk from
splashing through the slot in the lid through which the aforesaid connecting rod
passes, and if necessary I may fix another over the lid. The agitators, which are
wholly made of wood, work almost close to the bottom and top of the chamber,
thus preventing any waste of space and securing that no metal surface will come
in contact with the milk. The slides to which the agitators are connected have a
travel of preferably nine inches.
To regulate the temperature of the milk I use a thermometer placed with the
bulb inside the lid, so that the degree of heat can always be seen and regulated as
required.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Powell in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 22nd October
1881.
HENRY POWELL, of Ruthin, in the County of Denbigh.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
AND APPERTAINING TO CHURNS OR APPARATUS FOR CONVERTING MILK INTO
BUTTER."
In churns as at present constructed some difficulty is experienced in preventing
the dust and the oil or grease used for lubricating the bearings from entering the
milk, where the axle of the dashers or agitators pass through the churn horizontally,
and the bearings are placed in the side or vertically, and the bearings placed above
the top.
My Invention is designed to supply a churn in which the bearings do not come
in contact with the milk, and are placed in such a way as to prevent the waste
lubricant entering it, and at the same time one that is easily worked and will take
up very little space.
.
Referring to the Drawings, Fig. 1 is a side elevation, and Fig. 2, a plan view of.
churn constructed according to my Invention.
A is the receptacle for the milk; B, dashers or agitators; C, framework or
supports; D, cross bar to which agitators B are attached; E, slides of cross bar;
F, bearings of slides E; G, waste plug; H, levers; I, crank; J, J¹, bell crank
lever; K, handle; L, fly wheel; M, crank shaft; N, pulley on shaft M; O, cover
for slot in top of lid; P, thermometer; P¹, bracket to which P is attached.
The Invention consists preferably of a rectangular or nearly rectangular chamber
or box A, through which moves horizontally a series of dashers or agitators B.
These agitators are attached to a cross bar D fixed in sockets D¹ to two slides E
working in bearings F, one on other side of the rectangular chamber. The
rectangular chamber A which in a churn to operate on twenty one gallons of milk
will be of about the dimensions of twenty inches in depth, thirty two and a half in
length, and twenty in width, is supported on suitable framing C and about
eighteen inches from the ground, leaving sufficient distance for the waste or butter
milk to be run out through a plug G or tap into the usual receptacle without
lifting the churn. The slides E and agitators B are actuated by a series of levers H
passing down the outside of the rectangular chamber A, and beneath it arranged
with a suitable crank. I, and bell crank lever J, J¹, from which they receive motion,
either by hand by means of a handle K, or by power. I use a fly wheel L,
preferably driven from the shaft M, to which the crank I is fixed by a pulley N
and belt; the fly wheel preferably makes four revolutions for each revolution of
the crank shaft, and is about two inches from the ground. Over the lid above the
agitators B which are attached to the cross bar by means of a rigid connecting rod,
I place a flat bar or piece of wood O to prevent the milk from splashing through
the slot in the lid through which the aforesaid connecting rod passes. The
agitators or dashers, which are wholly made of wood, work almost close to the
bottom and top of the chamber, thus preventing any waste of space, and securing
that no metal surface will come in contact with the milk. They can be raised or
lowered on the central rod to which they are fixed by a wooden key, thus allowing
of the churn being used with a small quantity of milk, as they can be placed close
to the bottom of the chamber A. The slides E to which the agitators are connected
have a travel of preferably nine inches.
To regulate the temperature of the milk I use a thermometer P which I place
with the bulb inside the lid, so that the degree of heat can always be seen and
regulated as required. To fix the thermometer in the chamber A I attach a

page_text: bracket P¹ to the end, and make the thermometer with a pin or projection on the
bottom end which slides into a hole in the bracket, while a thin metal strap or
hoop keeps it in position at top.
The apparatus as I have described it is arranged to work by hand, but without
departing from the principle of my Invention the crank and levers may be arranged
more suitably to be driven by horse or steam power.
Having now described my Invention and the best mode known to me of carrying
it into effect, I wish it to be understood that what I believe to be new and desire
to protect under the herein before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
.
1. The manufacture of churns in which the dasher or agitator moves horizontally.
to and fro supported on slides placed at either side of the milk receptacle, the
bearings of which slides are outside and cannot come in contact with the milk,
substantially as and for the purposes described. .
:
2. The combination in a churn of the chamber (A) raised and supported on:
framing (C), and the dasher or agitator (B) moving to and fro longitudinally
therein, substantially as described.
3. In a churn, the combination of the chamber (A) and the dasher or agitator (B)..
with the cross bar (D), the socket D¹, the slides (E), the bearings (F), and the
levers (H and J), substantially as described.
3
4. The general arrangement of churn herein described, no claim being made for.
any one part taken separately, but only when combined as a whole, substantially
as and for the purposes described.
-
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Powell, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Fifteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty one.