Petroleum Incandescence Burner without Wick.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd July, 1896-Accepted, 17th July, 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Petroleum Incandescence Burner without Wick.
We, GEORGE SHENTON of Copthall House, Copthall Avenue, London, Gentleman,
and DENIS AUGUSTE FLORAN DE VILLEPIGUE of 90 Rue de la Victoire, Paris in the
Republic of France, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the saine is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to a lamp which by means of a burner operating by the
intense combustion of petroleum, allows light to be obtained from petroleum in
the same conditions of stability and intensity as gas jet and incandescent mantle
burners, which are now so much used.
In the annexed drawing
Fig. 1 shows the vertical section of the under part and
Fig. 2 the vertical section on a larger scale of the upper part of a lamp constructed
according to this invention.
The lamp is composed of two essential parts: 11, the body in which is placed the
petroleum and in which the latter rises to be distributed automatically to the burner
vaporizer, by means of an arrangement of receivers and tubes placed in the interior
of the said foot or hody; 2°, the burner to which the petroleum passes automatically
without the intervention of any kind of wick and by which this petroleum is
transformed into the state of vapour or gas which after being mixed with the air
brought in by the ejection of the vapour of the petroleum thus formed gives on the
well-known principle of the Bunsen burner, a flame capable of bringing an
incombustible sleeve or mantle to incandescence.
A is the body of the lamp which is shaped as a vase of variable form made
preferably of metal sufficiently strong, the walls of which are soldered together in
order to assure perfect tightness. The upper part a of this vessel constitutes a closed
receiver from the bottom of which issues a tube b descending to the bottom of a
second receiver c formed in the interior of the foot of the vessel A and equally
closed, From the top of this receiver c issues a tube d which ends at the interior
and near the top of a third closed receiver e sustained in the interior of the body A,
by a tubular support within which pass the tubes b and d. Finally, from the under
part of the receiver e issues a third tube which ends at the burner. The whole
constitutes an apparatus on the principle of the fountain of Hero and its operation
which is well known is as follows;-Oil being poured into compartment a descends
into compartment c and compresses the air therein, which communicating with the
upper part of chamber e by pipe d compresses also the air therein causing the oil in
the chamber e to rise to the burner through pipe g.
Upon the cover of the upper receiver a may be preferably provided two small tubes (not
represented in the drawings) with screw-caps, or plugs one of which serves for the
filling whilst the other may be provided with a pneumatic bottle or a small air-pump
for the purpose of augmenting the pressure in the interior of the system. The
under receiver c is also provided with an emptying tap, not represented in the
drawing.

page_text: In the centre of the cover of the receiver is fastened a screw-socket in which
ends the tube g.
It receives the metallic threaded block in which are hored vertical passages jk,
connected by the horizontal passage controlled by the screw m.
The burner is screwed upon the block which is hollowed on its top in order to
form a small chamber a in which ends the channel & this burner is composed of
the screw-nut o, from which issue two tubular rods which support the dome y
made in form of a cone, at the upper exterior surface of which end the passages of
the tubular rods p pl. Above the cone 7 is arranged a second cone which leaves
between its interior face and the exterior surface of the cone y an annular clamber 8.
t is a cylindrical tube soldered on the top or small base of the cone y and which
is provided with convenient openings upon its periphery at for the entrance of
the air.
A rectangular cross-har , situated at the under part or base of the tube f, is
provided with a hole v which ends in the chamber a, which it puts in communication.
at two points diametrically opposite.
In the middle of the cross-har is screwed a cap w forming an ejector, the
chamber or central cavity of which is open to the passage v and which is provided at
its top with a capillary hole or orifice giving passage to the produced vapour of
petroleum.
Finally hetween the branches ppl is fixed a cap a which may be of any form.
The operation is as follows:
After having filled the lamp with petroleum which is poured in through the orifice
provided in the cover of the vase and not represented in the drawing, the screw is
replaced which closes this hole. The liquid rises then, according to the well known
principle of the fountain of Hero in the tube y with a force which depends upon
the proportions in the arrangement of the parts, proportions which in practice must
be such that the liquid rises with a sufficient pressure to rise, if it were free to do so,
about 12 centimeters above the hole of the tube g, which corresponds to the average
pressure of gas in pipes.
In the cup is placed a small quantity of alcohol which is lighted and when the
burner has been thus sufficiently heated by the flame of the alcohol, the cock m is
opened. The petroleum rises then through the passages j, I, k, the chamber a and
the tubes p p to the chamber 8. Arriving in this heated chamber the petroleum is
vaporised and its vapors pass through the small channel in order to pass with
pressure and velocity through the capillary orifice of the cap w.
The ejection of these vapors attracts through the passages y y and the openings
a sufficient quantity of the surrounding air which by being mixed with the petroleum
vapour gives a combination from which results intense combustion of the
petroleum.
The blue flame produced by this combustion will bring to incandescence an
incombustible mantle, such as that used for instance in the Welsbach burner, and
will give a light, the stability and intensity of which will not be inferior to the
illumination given by incandescent gas lamp, of which the Welsbach system is the
type.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1°. A burner without wick for petroleum incandescent light substantially as set
forth.
2. In a vaporizer burner the combination with a screw-cock controlling the
passage of petroleum to the burner of tubular rods such as p p' ending in an annular
chamber such as 8 made between the adjacent surfaces, of two cones such as r, q and
of a cap such as to provided with a capillary hole and receiving the petroleum vapor
produced in the burner by a passage such as bored to connect two points
diametrically opposite the interior periphery of the small end of the cone q, the said
cap w being surmounted by a cylindrical perforated tube t.

page_text: 3º. In a burner the combination with the organs described under Claim 2° of a cup
such as situated between the hollow rods p p' and serving for the heating of the
hurner, at the moment of lighting.
4°. In a burner for petroleum incandescent light without wick, the combination
with the burner substantially as described of a vessel or body in the interior of
which is arranged a disposition of receivers and tubes constituting an apparatus
established and operating after the principle of the fountain of Hero, for the
purpose of furnishing automatically the combustible liquid to the vaporizer-burner.
Dated this 23rd day of July 1896.
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
18 Buckingham Street, Strand, W.C., Agents for Applicants.