IM- PROVEMENTS IN TACKLE, BLOCKS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Clark; of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, and Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN TACKLE, BLOCKS."A communication.
Sealed the 12th January 1858, and dated the 30th October 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
October 1857.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TACKLE BLOCKS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in tackle blocks which have for.
their object, first, to support the axle of the block close to the sheave by an
intérior metal strop, which cannot be separated from the case of the block
by the fall or breaking of the axle, but nevertheless allows the strop to
be removed at pleasure from its case for the purposes of examining,
repairing, &c.
Secondly, to prevent the sheave from getting out of the block if the axle
breaks or falls; I obtain this result by placing the sheave in a slide made the
whole length of the strop indicated in the Drawings by the letter X.
Thirdly, to render the block capable of undergoing numerous modifications
with ease and without expense by means of several change pieces.

page_text: Fourthly, to be able to disconnect and remove with ease and without expense
all the parts of the block which wear out.
The several improvements are represented in detail in the annexed Draw-
ings, which improvements are sufficiently clear without further individual
description
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters atent, med
by the said William Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
29th April 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer and
Patent Agent, send greeting.
T
...
WHEREAS Her most Excellent, Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight, hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Clark; Her special licence that I the said William Clark,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TACKLE BLOCKS,"
a communication, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
William Clark, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said. Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the sáid Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Clark, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
:-
The system of block which I desire to protect by Letters Patent applies to
pulley or tackle blocks of all kinds; it is intended, first, to extend the duration

page_text: of the pulley, and to impart to it altogether much greater strength than here-
tofore by substituting for the strap of rope: or of iron, usually surrounding
the exterior of pulley blocks, an interior and exterior: band of iron? galvanized
iron; copper, or other metal, which will not separate from its wooden case
when the axle breaks or drops.. As will be seen in the different Figures here-
unto annexed, this strap is, fixed so as to support the axle at the point where
it emerges from the sheave in order to prevent. it bending; in order, there-
fore, to sever the axle it must be cut as if cut with shears; it is also prevented
from falling out by means of a copper or other metal-pin placed at the
extremity. The strap is firmly fixed in its wooden case as seen in Figs. 12,
17, 18, and 49, in which it is made so as to be capable of being removed
from its case, which allows of its being examined, repaired, or changed with
facility and without expense, as is also seen in Figs. 14, 17, 18, 20, 21, 36,
37, 38, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, and.50, I may. here remark that the
wood forming the cheeks of the block has no other purpose of utility.than.to
guide the rope.
Secondly, to prevent the sheave coming out of the slot or space of the block
if the axle should break or fall, by placing the nave of the sheave in a slide
made for this purpose as indicated by the letter X. This slide being made in
the strap in the .cheeks of the block; has also the advantage of rendering
impossible all contact between the metal and the rope; or the strap may be
covered if thought nécessary. "
+4%
den
Thirdly, to render the action of the sheave more free than in ordinary tackle
pulley blocks; first, because contact with the wood of the cheeks is prevented
by reason of the friction of the shoulders of the bush on the iron. strap;
secondly, by the dimunition of the diameter of the steel axle. which is reduced
more than one-third. I will further remark that if the pulley block is placed
horizontally, the same freedom of action. will be insured by reason of little
friction resulting from the' shoulders of the boss on the iron strap, which
prevents all contact between the sheave and cheeks of the pulley block as
above mentioned.
$
Fourthly, to render the pulley block capable of undergoing several modi-
fications with facility and without expense, by means of several change pieces
as represented in the Drawings annexed, for which reason I term this kind of
pulley block "the universal pulley block.":
:
Fifthly, to be able to connect and disconnect easily, quickly, and without
expense, the parts of the block which wear in order to examine, repair, or
change them without any deterioration of the pulley block.

page_text: Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 represent, first, a metal sheave and its metal
nave or bush, which I cast either solid or with a hole through it; secondly, a
.wooden sheave with a metal nave or bush.
.'
They are made. as follows:-First, the nave of the metal sheave receives a
metal bush firmly fixed by means of a key or feather; in case of wear it may
be replaced; the sheave is then equal to new (Fig. 2).
Secondly, the nave of the metal sheave receives a metal bush turning on the
axle of the block, on which metal bush the sheave also turns (Fig. 4).
Thirdly, the nave of the metal sheave receives a metal bush turning on the
axle of the pulley block, on which bush the metal sheave also turns, held
between two shoulders or flanges (Fig. 3).
Fourthly, I also apply these different arrangements of metal bushes, in
such manner as, to be capable of being replaced in case of wear, and so as to
allow the metal bush to have either a double or single movement with
shoulders fitted in wooden sheaves (Figs. 5, 6, 7, and 8.)
With the system of sheave described above, which applies to sheaves made
of all kinds of metal, and to wooden ones receiving a metal bush, I employ
zinc in the construction of sheaves of all kinds, with a bush of copper or
other metal, as a substitute for wooden sheaves or sheaves of cast iron or
copper, these zine sheaves being fitted with metal bushes. The zinc sheave
constructed as described above costs about the same as if of cast iron, and
may be substituted with great advantage as there is no fear of oxidation; it is
much cheaper than bushed sheaves of wood, while copper ones cost at least
twice as much.
Fig. 1 represents in side view a metal sheave, having a metal bush in its
interior; Fig. 2, metal sheave, having a metal bush in its interior, which is
fixed therein by a key or feather in the nave of the metal sheave (section
through line A, B, Fig. 1); Fig. 3, metal sheave with an interior, metal
bush having a double movement, that is to say, the sheave turns on the metal
bush between two metal flanges or shoulders, the bush also turning on the
axle (section through line A, B, Fig. 1); Fig. 4, metal sheave with an
interior metal bush having a double movement, that is to say, the sheave turns
on the metal bush, which bush turns on the axle; Fig. 5, flanged metal bush
represented in side view, having a metal bush in its interior for a wooden
sheave; Fig. 6, double metal bush with flanges, and having a double move-
ment adapted for a wooden sheave, the outer bush turning on the interior
bush between two collars or flanges, which bush turns on the axle; Fig. 7
double metal bush having a double movement for a wooden sheave, the outer

page_text: or feather
bush turning on the interior bush which turns on the axle; Fig. 8, metal
bush having a flange with a fixed metal bush in its interior; the key
between them fixes the interior bush in the flanged or exterior bush (section
through line A, B.)
A, B, line indicating the section of Fig. 1, forming Figs. 2, 3, and 4; C,
shoulder of the interior metal bush, fixed to this bush and supporting the
sheave or flanged bush for a wooden sheave; the said shoulder C and the
middle of the bush are in one piece; D, metal bush turning on the axle of'
the pulley block, placed in the nave of the metal sheave, or of the flanged
bush for a wooden sheave; E, flange of the interior metal bush supporting
the sheave after having placed the bush D'in. position; it is fitted either in the
metal sheave, or in the flanged bush for a wooden sheave; I, nave or exterior
bush receiving the inner metal bush for a wooden sheave; P, key or feather
preventing the interior metal bush from turning in the
sheave, or of the flanged bush for a wooden sheave; R, metal sheave.
nave of the metal
This system of straps placed on the exterior of pulley blocks, consists,
first, in constructing pulley blocks of wood with a metal strap placed at
the exterior, and let in flush with the wood so that no part may project;
secondly, in making the straps traverse the cheeks of the pulley block,
with bosses or thickened parts at the point where the axle is placed so as to
support it close to the sheave. If there are several sheaves, metal plates, or
straps with such bosses, they are applied on the interior, and let into the
wooden cheeks of the pulley block, so that the axle is supported throughout
its length by the strap outside the thickness of the sheave. The axle is
screwed on and held by a pin placed in a slot, so that in any case it cannot
fall, and also keeps clear of the metal sheath and of the cheeks of the pulley
block.. All the metal straps being sunk a certain deptli into the wood, and
covered if required, the rope or fall cannot come in contact with them (sce
pulley block in side view at Fig. 9, and in edge view at Figs. 10 and 11).
a, metal strap and metal bosses; b; metal plates or intermediate straps
with bosses; c, metal bushes of the sheaves; d, metal axle; e, metal keys or
pins holding the, cheeks; f, wooden checks of the pulley block; g, sheaves of 1
wood or metal: The dotted lines show the interior, and the other lines the
exterior, details.
Fig. 12 represents in edge view a single-eye pulley block with a fixed ring-
bolt, the strap of which is of one piece and cannot be removed from the case;
the underneath part of these pulley blocks may be arranged as repre-
sented, viz.,-

page_text: First, Fig. 13 is for a pulley block with a swivel or fixed-ring bolt, the
strap of which cannot be removed from the case
Secondly, Fig. 14 is for a pulley block without a ring bolt, the strap of
which cannot be removed from the case.
"Thirdly, Figs. 15 and 16, first, for a pulley block with a ring bolt discón-
necting at will, the strap of which can be removed from the case by removing
the axle V and the bolt L, M; secondly, for a pulley. block without a ring
bolt, the strap of which can be removed: from its case by disconnecting the:
axle V' and bolt L, M..
Figs. 17; 17 bis, and 18, pulley blocks and portions of pulley blocks having
a fixed: hook, the strap of which can be removed from its case by disconnecting:
the axle V and bolt L, M; if for a block with a fixed ring bolt, the under-
neath part of this pulley block must be arranged as shown in. Fig. 16, or for a
pulley block with or without a ring bolt, the strap of which cannot be removed;
from its case; the underneath part of this pulley. block. must be arranged-as
shown at Fig. 19.
Figs. 18 and 20, single flat-hinged ring pulley. block, the strap of which can
be removed from its case by disconnecting axle V.and bolts L, M. To have
the ring on edge, or at right angles to the position shown, it suffices to
remove it by disconnecting the bolt D, F, and to replace it at the point A ;
the bottom part may also be arranged as represented in Fig. 21, first, as for
a pulley block 'the strap of which cannot be removed from its case; secondly; -
as for a pulley block with a fixed or swivel ring bolt; the underneath part
must be arranged as seen in Figs:.13 and 19.
tyde
Figs. 14 and 21 show. a single-clutch pulley block, termed." universal-pulley
block," the strap of which can be removed from its case by disconnecting the
axle V and bolt D, F. This pulley block is termed universal pulley block;!
by reason of the various purposes to which it can be applied by disconnecting
bolt D, F, and adapting to the clutches of the said pulley block the following.
parts for the purpose of obtaining, Fig. 22, a jointed hook pulley block;
Fig. 23, a hinged or fixed hook pulley. block; Fig. 24, a swivel-jointed hook
pulley block; Fig. 25, 'a shear-hook pulley block Fig. 26, a swivel shear-
hook pulley block; Fig. 27, a flat or upright eye pulley block; Fig. 28, an
open flat-eye pulley block; Fig. 29, a swivel-eye pulley block;-Figs. 30, 31,
and 31-bis, a flat or upright ring., pulley block; Fig. 32, a swivel-ring pulley
block; Fig. 33, a shortened swivel-ring pulley block;-Fig. 34, a pulley-block-
capable of being placed at the end of a chain link......
امت :
Fig. 35, shows a single-clutch pulley block on edge termed "universal

page_text: pulley block, the strap of which can be removed from the case by disconnecting
the axle V and bolt L, M; the iron plates or blades forming the strap do not
join either at the top or bottom of the pulley block. Figs. 14 and 21 show
the modifications of this pulley block.
Fig. 36 shows in edge view a single swivel or fixed hook on fork-clutch
pulley block, with a swivel, or fixed ring bolt as required, termed "universal
pulley block," the strap of which can be removed from its case by discon-
necting the axle V and bolt D, F, or the following parts may be substituted
for the swivel on hook fork, Fig. 22, to form a jointed hook pulley block,
Fig. 24, to form fixed swivel-jointed hook pulley block; Fig. 25, to form a
shear hook pulley block, Fig. 26, to form a swivel shear, hook pulley.block,
Fig. 28, to form an eye pulley block, Fig. 29, to form a swivel-eye pulley
block, Fig. 32, to form a swivel or fixed ring pulley block. The hook, ring;
&c., is fixed by making the hole in the fork which receives these different
parts somewhat.oval, and by rivetting strongly.
Fig: 37 shows a single pulley block on edge, termed "universal pulley block,"
with a turning or fixed fork having a fixed, ring bolt, which can be discon-
nected at will by removing bolt L, M; the strap may be removed from the
case by disconnecting the axle V and bolt L, M. The bottom part of this
pulley block may be fitted as represented in Figs. 14, 21, and 36, for the
purpose of obtaining a pulley block with or without ring bolt, the strap of
which cannot be removed from the case. This block is termed "universal
pulley block" by reason of the various purposes to which it may be applied.
By disconnecting bolt D, F, the following parts may be adapted to the fork
A: Fig. 22, to form a fixed or swivel-jointed hook pulley block, Fig. 23,
to form a fixed or swivel-hinged hook pulley block, Fig. 27, to form a fixed
or swivel closed eye pulley block, Fig. 25 to form a fixed or swivel shear,
hook pulley block, Fig. 28, to form a fixed or swivel open-eye pulley block:
The turning fork is fixed by making the hole in this fork somewhat oval at.
the point where the bolt connecting it, with the band passes, and by rivetting
strongly:
单
Figs. 38, and 40 show edge views of a double clutch pulley. block, termed.
"universal pulley block," having a swivel ring bolt which can be disconnected
at will by removing bolt L, M, the strap of which may be removed from the
case by disconnecting the axle V and bolt L, M. This block is termed "uni-
versal pulley block" by reason of the different purposes; to which it can be
applied. By disconnecting bolt D, F, the following parts may be adapted, to
the clutches of the pulley block:-Figs. 22 or 29, to form a jointed hook:

page_text: pulley block, Fig, 23, to form a hinged or fixed hook pulley block. A hook
pulley block is obtained by making bolt D, F, and the hole in the hook
through which the bolt passes both oval. The following parts may also be
adapted Fig. 13, to form a swivel hook pulley block, Fig. 24, to form a
jointed swivel hook pulley block, Fig. 25, to form a shear hook pulley block,
Fig. 26, to form a swivel shear hook pulley block, Fig. 28, to form an open
eye pulley block, Fig. 29, to form a swivel-eye pulley block, Fig. 30, to
form a flat or upright ring pulley block (the ring is fitted upright by placing
the bolt D, F, of the ring at the point A), Fig. 32, to form a swivel-ring
pulley block, Fig. 33, to form a shortened swivel ring pulley block, Fig. 34,
to form a block placed at the end of a chain link.
Fig. 41 shows in edge view a double turning or fixed fork pulley block,
having a swivel ring bolt which may be disconnected at will by removing bolt
L, M. This pulley block is termed "universal pulley block;" its strap may be
removed from the case by disconnecting axle V and bolt L, M.. The bottom
part of this block may be fitted as seen in Fig. 42 if it is desired to form a
block with or without a ring bolt, the band of which can be removed fron
the case.
Fig. 43 shows in edge view another kind of double turning or fixed fork
pulley block termed "universal pulley block" having a ring bolt, which can
be disconnected at will by removing the rivet z; the strap can be removed
from the case by disconnecting axle V and bolt D, F. The piece G, C, F,
which receives the turning fork may be separated from the band by with-
drawing bolt D, F. This pulley block is termed "universal pulley block by
reason of the different purposes to which it can be applied. By disconnecting
bolt D, F, the parts mentioned with reference to Fig. 41 may be adapted to
the fork.
Fig. 44 shows a double shortened pulley block in edge view, which may be
used either as a hook, a shear hook, a ring, an eye, or other pulley block by
adjusting to it at point O the hook shown in Fig. 13, to form a fixed or swivel-
jointed hook pulley block, the shear hook shown in Fig. 24 to form a fixed or
swivel shear hook pulley block, the ring shown in Fig. 32 to form a fixed
or swivel ring pulley block, or the eye shown in Fig. 29 to form a fixed or
swivel-eye pulley block.
The hook, ring, eye, &c., is fixed by making the hole in the strap somewhat
oval (in constructing the pulley block) at the point where such part is adjusted
and by rivetting firmly: The strap of this pulley block may be removed from
the case by disconnecting the axle V and bolt L, M: If it is desired to form

page_text: a pulley block with or without a ring bolt, and whose strap is fixed to the
case, the bottom part of this pulley block is arranged as seen in Fig: 42:
Fig. 44 is a double clutch pulley block seen on edge, termed "uni-
versal pulley block," having a fixed or swivel ring bolt, the strap of which is
fixed to the case; Figs. 38 and 40 show the various modifications of this
pulley block in its character of a "universal pulley block."
Fig. 45, triple clutch pulley block seen on edge, termed "universal pulley
block," having a fixed ring bolt which may be disconnected at will by.
removing bolt L, M; its strap may also be removed from the case by
disconnecting axle V and bolt L, M; Figs. 38 and 40 show various
modifications of this pulley block.
Fig. 46 is a triple fixed or swivel hook on fork shortened clutch pulley
block termed "universal pulley block" seen on edge, having a fixed or swivel
ring bolt which can be disconnected at will; its strap may be removed from the
case by disconnecting the axle V and bolt D, F. For modifications of this
pulley block as a universal pulley block, see Fig. 36.
"
Fig. 47 is a fixed or turning fork pulley block termed "universal pulley
block seen on edge; its strap may be removed from the case by disconnecting
axle V and bolt L, M. If it is desired to have a pulley block with or without
a ring bolt, the strap of which cannot be removed from its case, the bottom
part of this pulley block must be arranged as seen in Fig. 49. For modi-
fications of this pulley block, see Fig. 37.
Fig. 48, triple shortened clutch pulley block seen in part; it may be a hook,
a shear hook, a ring, an eye, or other pulley block, by adjusting to it at point O,
the hook shown in Fig. 13, to form a fixed or swivel hook pulley block; the
jointed hook shown in Fig. 24, to form a fixed or swivel jointed hook pulley
block; the shear hook shown in Fig. 26, to form a fixed or swivel shear hook
pulley block; the ring shown in Fig. 32, to form a fixed or swivel ring pulley
block; the eye shown in Fig. 29 to form a fixed or swivel eye pulley block.
The hook, ring, eye, &c., is fixed by making the hole in the strap somewhat
oval when constructing the pulley block at the point where such part is
adjusted and by rivetting firmly. The strap of this pulley block can be
removed from its case by disconnecting the axle V and bolt L, M. If it is.
desired to form a pulley block with or without a ring bolt the strap of which
cannot be removed from the case, the bottom part of this pulley block is
arranged as seen in Fig. 48.
Fig. 49, triple clutch pulley block termed "universal pulley block" seen on
edge, having a fixed or swivel ring bolt; its strap cannot be removed from the

page_text: .
case. For the modifications of this pulley block as a "universal-pulley block"
see Figs. 38, 40, and 45.*
Fig. 50, single, double, or triple clutch pulley block termed "universal
pulley block," representing in side view the pulley blocks described above and
shown in edge view. The strap of this pulley block may be removed from
the case by disconnecting the axle V, and bolt L, M.
Fig. 51, single, double, or triple clutch pulley block termed "universal
pulley block," representing in side view the pulley blocks described above
and shown in edge view. The strap of this pulley block may be removed
from the case.
Fig. 52, single, double, or triple fork pulley block having a fixed ring bolt
termed "universal pulley block," representing in side view the pulley blocks
described above and shown in edge view in the Drawings. The strap of this
pulley may be removed from the case by disconnecting the axle V and
bolt L, M:
Fig. 53, iron work of the strap furnished with its sheave to form a swivel
hook on fork shortened clutch pulley block, having, as desired, a fixed or swivel
ring bolt; this iron work is shown for a single, double, or triple pulley lock
as in the pulley block shown in Fig. 51, and those shown in edge view in
Figs. 36 and 46; the iron work is here represented perfectly apart from it's
case.
"
: i
The different parts which I am about to enumerate are here 'given as
examples only, and not as all suitable for the single, double, or triple pulley
blocks represented in the Drawings, which is not possible, owing to the
distances between the points D, F, not being the same in single; double, and
triple pulley blocks; these parts being required to be arranged with due regard
for the power to be applied to the pulley blocks, according as these parts
are placed on a single, double, or triple pulley block.
"
17
Fig: 22 shows a hook jointed by means of a forked eye and a hook; this
part can be removed at point D, F, of the single, double, or triple' universal
pulley blocks.
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Fig. 30, ring placed, first, at point D, F, or at point G, of the universal
pulley blocks shown in Figs. 14 and 21, when the part Fig. 31 is adapted to
the said universal pulley blocks according as it is desired to have a ring in one
direction or the other; secondly, at point D, F, or at point A of the universal
pulley blocks shown in Figs. 38, 40, and 42, according as it is desired to have
& ring in either position.
Fig. 27, eye, to form an eye pulley block; this eye is placed' at points D, F;

page_text: of the universal pulley blocks shown in Figs. 14, 21, 36, 37, 38, 40, 42, 45,
46, and 49; in order to obtain a swivel ring pulley block, the ring. and its
head is placed at point O of the pulley blocks shown in Figs. 44 and 48, to
form a shortened ring pulley block..
Fig. 25, shear hook formed by means of an eye and a shear hook; it is
placed at points D, F, of the universal pulley blocks shown in Figs. 14, 21,
36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47; and 49, to form a shear hook-pulley
block. :
1.
Fig. 31, small fork for a ring clutch pulley block; it is placed at points D, F,
of the universal pulley blocks shown in Figs. 14 and 21, allowing of this kind
of pulley block being changed into an upright or horizontal hinged ring pulley
block; it can also be fitted between the forks A, A, of the pulley blocks shown.
in Figs. 37, 41, 43, and 47, when' it is' desired to place these pulley blocks on
a chain link which is then fitted to point G...
Fig. 28, ring placed at point D, F, of the universal pulley blocks shown in
Figs. 37, 41, 43, 45, 47,, and 49, for a hinged ring pulley block.
Fig. 39, hook jointed by means of an eye and hook placed at point I of the
universal pulley blocks shown in Figs. 38, 40, 42, 45, and 49.
Fig. 25, chain links placed at point A of the universal pulley blocks shown
in Figs. 14, 21, 37, 41, 43, and 47, when the small fork piece, Fig. 31, is
placed there.
..
Fig. 23, hook for a hinged hook pulley block placed at point I of the
universal pulley blocks shown in Figs. 14, 21, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 47,
and 49, for a hinged hook pulley block.
Fig. 24, swivel on fork jointed hook formed by means of an eye and hook,
placed at points D, F, of the universal pulley blocks shown in Figs. +14, 21,
36, 37, 38, 40, 42, 45, 46, and 49, for a swivel jointed hook pulley block.
f
Fig. 29, swivel on fork eye placed at, points D, F, 'of the, universal pulley.
blocks shown in Figs: 14, 21, 36, 37, 38, 40, 42, 45, 46, and 49, for an eye
pulley block.
Fig. 22; fork for an eye block placed at points D, F, of the universal pulley
blocks shown in Figs. 14, 21, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46; 47, and 49,
for an eye pulley block.
Fig. 26, swivel on fork shear hook formed by means of an eye and shear
hook, placed at points D, F, of the universal pulley blocks, shown in Figs. 14,
21, 36, 37, 38, 40, 42, 45, 46, and 49, for a hook pulley block.
Fig. 13, hook fitted with a swivel-on fork, placed at points D, F, of the
universal pulley blocks, shown in Figs. 14, 21, 36, 37, 38, 40, 42; 45, 46, and

page_text: 49; for a swivel hook pulley block; the hook without the fork is placed at.
point O of the pulley blocks shown in Figs. 44 and 48 for a shortened hook
pulley block.
Fig. 33, jointed swivel ring placed at point I of the pulley blocks shown in
Figs. 14, 21, 37, 38, 40, 42, 45 and 46, for a shortened swivel ring pulley block.
Fig. 54; swivel, ring bolt screwed to and fitted on all the straps which
encircle. the lower part of the pulley blocks; the bolt P, Q, passes through
the ring bolt and strap, and binds them together; the hole made in the
head of bolt P, Q, enables it to be turned, and its shoulder pressed forcibly
against the strap at the same, so as to permit the ring bolt to turn. A
part of the pulley block only is shown in edge view, with the ring bolts shown
in side view..
Fig. 55, bottom part of a single clutch pulley block for a fixed ring bolt,.
(part of the pulley block only is shown in.edge view with the ring bolt shown;
on edge,) as sufficiently indicated in the, Drawing; the plates or blades of
metal forming the straps extend beyond the bottom part of the case of the
pulley block; between two I prefer to place a fixed ring bolt, held by a
rivetted bolt or by a nut, which gives every facility for connecting or discon-
necting the ring bolt.
Fig. 56 shows the lower part of a single clutch pulley block for a swivel-on
fork ring bolt, (part of the pulley block only is shown in edge view with the
ring bolt, shown in side view.). I apply the swivel-on fork ring bolt, Fig. 56,
to this kind of universal pulley block in the same manner as with the fixed.ring,.
Fig. 55, except that the fork supporting the swivel eye rivetted on, the ring is:
fitted outside instead of inside the clutches.
Fig. 57, screw swivel ring bolt capable of being disconnected, shown. in side,
view. It. may be fitted on all the continuous straps surrounding the bottom.
parts of the pulley blocks. This ring bolt, Fig. 57, is screwed on the. bottom
of the strap by means of bolt. G, which passes through the ring bolt. and the
continuous interior plates, in order to bind them together; the hole made, in
the head of bolt G allows the shoulder of the bolt G to be pressed forcibly
against the strap, while it is fitted so as to let the ring bolt turn....
Fig. 58, bottom part of a double clutch pulley block for a fixed, ring bolt,
the, ring bolt being shown flat. As indicated in the Drawings, the iron plates
or blades forming the strap extend below the bottom of the case of the
pulley block, and between these plates I fix a fixed, ring bolt by a. rivetted:
bolt or by a nut, which gives every facility for connecting or disconnecting
this ring bolt.
:
"

page_text: Fig. 59, bottom part of. a double clutch pulley block for a swivel ring bolt;
the ring bolt is shown in side view. This swivel' ring bolt is fitted on. this
kind of pulley block in the same manner as the fixed ring bolt, Fig. 58, except
that this one is made to turn at will.
Fig. 60, fixed fork ring bolt shown in side view, placed on single and triple
pulley blocks, whose exterior plates form the strap, and which do not join at
the bottom of the pulley block; the bolt L, M, connects this ring bolt with
the strap and with the case of the pulley block.
Fig. 61, swivel on fork ring bolt, shown flat, fitted on single and triple
pulley blocks, the plates forming the strap of which do not join at the bottom.
of the pulley block.
Fig. 62, fixed or swivel ring bolt fitted on all the continuous straps
surrounding the bottom parts of the pulley blocks, in which the straps thereof
may or may not be removed from the wooden case of the pulley block.
Fig. 16, fixed fork ring bolt placed between the plates or blades forming the
strap of single and triple pulley blocks, which are not joined at the bottom of
the pulley block; the bolt L, M, connects this part to the strap, and also to
the case of the pulley block.
Fig. 63, swivel ring bolt, shown in side view, to be fitted to double pulley
blocks, the plates or blades of which forming the strap do not join at the
bottom of the pulley block; the bolt L, M, connects this ring bolt to the strap
and case of the pulley.
In all these Figures similar letters of reference indicate like parts where
they recur.
T, wooden part of the pulley block forming the case; X, groove or slide
made in the cheeks of the pulley block on one side only, at the point where
the strap is placed, securing the flanges of the bush of the sheave, if the sheave
is of wood, or if the nave of the sheave is of metal, in order to prevent the
sheave falling when the axle breaks, or in case of accident; N, metal rivet
passing from one cheek to the other, and connecting together all the parts
forming the case of the pulley block; J, groove channel in the pulley block for
the passage of the rope; E, continuous interior strap of galvanized iron or
other metal; V, axle of steel or iron; Y, pin of copper, galvanized iron, or
other metal, fitted in a groove or against the strap, preventing the fall of the
axle V and of bolts L, M, and D, F; R, wooden or metal sheave; U, cast-
iron bush for a wooden sheave; S, rivet of cast iron attaching the cast-iron
bush firmly to the wooden sheave; L, M, bolt held by a copper pin, let in flush
with the wood and placed in the centre of the bottom part of the pulley block,

page_text: passing through the case and the strap, in order to prevent these two parts of
the pulley block from separating in case the axle breaks, or falls; D, F, bolt
held by a pin, let in flush with the wood, and placed in the centre of the head
of the pulley block, passing through the case and strap or, the clutches, of the
strap only, which bolt connects, to the body of the pulley block the part
required according to the kind of pulley block desired, either for a swivel-on
fork hook, or a swivel-on fork ring, an eye, &c;;-D, I, F, small hollow
cylindrical piece, through which the, bolt D, F, passes, and which preserves
the distance of the clutches of the pulley block when using all the different
fork parts., 24
The copper pins may be replaced in all cases by pins of any other metal, or
by nuts of copper or other metal; as indicated in Figs. 14, 21, 42, and 49, the
nut being let in level with the. wood if placed on the case, as seen in the
Figures.
In witness whereof, 'I, the said William Clark, have i hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of April, in the year. of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
WILLIAM CLARK. (L.S.)
Witness,
.W. G. E. SwINNOCK..