matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN STARCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Cochrane at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th December
1854.
I, ALEXANDER COCHRANE, of Kirkton Bleach Works, in the County of
Renfrew, North Britain, Bleacher, do hereby declare the nature of my
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STARCHING TEXTILE FABRICS" to be as
follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to a system or mode of applying starchy matter to
textile fabrics, whereby the starch is more effectively forced into the fibres or
threads of the goods than by the existing arrangements for like purposes.
According to one modification of the machinery used in carrying out this
process, the starch contained in a receptacle at the base of the framing is
carried upwards by the agency of a series of supplying and feeding rollers.
The last of these rollers delivers the starch to the surface of an endless
starching web of cloth, suitable doctors, brushes, or spreaders being adopted
for the purpose of spreading the starchy layer evenly upon the feeding roller
surface, or upon the starching web. The fabric to be starched is wound upon a
beam at one end of the framing, and in its course from this beam during the
process of starching, the fabric is directed by suitable guides into face contact
with the starched side of the starching web. Suitable breadtheners may be
employed for the purpose of keeping the combined thicknesses of fabric well

page_text: stretched out together. In this condition, the starching web carrying the
fabric to be starched or treated in the machine is directed round or over
the sharp edge of a cross piece of metal or other material, the fabric to be
starched being next to or in immediate contact with the sharp edge. As the
double layer of material passes over this sharp edge it is subjected to a con-
siderable tensional strain, so as to give the piece a powerful scraping; this
action forces the starch from the carrying or starching web well into the fibres
or threads of the fabric under treatment, when the two fabrics may be
separated, leaving the treated piece in its finished starched condition. The
starching web may be returned round suitable guide rollers or otherwise to
the supplying rollers or to the starching reservoir for a fresh supply, in readi-
ness for starching a new length of fabric. The starching web may be supplied
with starch in various ways, and the combined fabrics may be variously treated
prior to separation, the essential object of the Invention being the use of the
sharp edge for forcing the starch well into the goods. This particular passage
of the combined fabrics is more particularly applicable for plain goods. Where
figured goods are to be starched on this principle, it is necessary that the
starching web should be in contact with the sharp edge, the piece under treat-
ment being outside.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBSTRUCTING THE HOLES PRODUCED BY ACCIDENTS OR PROJECTILES IN THE HULLS OF SHIPS AND BOATS
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Philippe Varlet at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th April
1854.
I, JEAN PHILIPPE VARLET, of Paris, in the French Empire, Mechanic,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OBSTRUCTING THE HOLES PRODUCED BY ACCIDENTS OR PROJECTILES IN THE HULLS OF
SHIPS AND BOATS" to be as follows:-
I construct a flexible case or shell of waterpoof cloth, caoutchouc, gutta
percha, or other waterproof substance, which is passed under the damaged ship
or boat and drawn up by ropes or otherwise, so as to envelope the hull of the
vessel and prevent the entrance of water at the holes. In lieu of the complete
case or shell, I sometimes apply elastic and extensible bands to the sides of the
vessels below the water line, and when the side of any such vessel is perforated
by a cannon ball or otherwise, I draw up the adjoining band or part of the
band by means of ropes, so as to extend it and cause it to cover the hole. A
metallic plate may be interposed between the band and the side of the vessel if
desired.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR EMBOSSING AND CUTTING OUT PATTERNS OR DEVICES | FOR THE ORNAMENTATION OF TEXTILE FABRICS OR OTHER MATERIALS OR SURFACES
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Oliver, Robert Barlow, and
James Blundell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 31st January 1854.
WC, RICHARD OLIVER, ROBERT BARLOW, and JAMES BLUNDELL, of Man-
chester, in the County of Lancaster, Engravers and Copartners, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR EMBOSSING AND CUTTING OUT PATTERNS OR DEVICES |
FOR THE ORNAMENTATION OF TEXTILE FABRICS OR OTHER MATERIALS OR SURFACES,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to the performance of such operations solely by the
use or employment of suitable machinery adapted to such purposes, and con-
sists in embossing and cutting out patterns and devices in one machine, and
either performing such processes simultaneously or in instantaneous succession,
in place of punching, perforating, or otherwise stamping out such patterns or
devices; and also by a separate operation after the ordinary embossing has been
effected, or without embossing. Our improvements consist in cutting out the
patterns by means of a pair of revolving dies or cutting cylinders, so constructed
that the one shall have the pattern or die projecting, and the other the pattern
or die countersunk, so that by both dies fitting together as they revolve, and

page_text: both having cutting edges, the piece or pattern between the revolving dies
shall be cut out, instead of being stamped, punched, or otherwise pressed out,
as heretofore. The embossing being performed by an ordinary embossing
roller, and the cutting out rollers being placed in immediate juxtaposition, the
patterns or devices are embossed, and either wholly or partially cut out, to com-
plete the required design, almost simultaneously in one and the same machine,
the operation of the same being exactly similar to printing two colors with
two separate and consecutive printing cylinders in an ordinary calico printing
machine.
A NEW OR IMPROVED DRESS FASTENING
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescrivea
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Gaunt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th November
1854.
I, RICHARD GAUNT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Stamper
and Piercer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR
IMPROVED DRESS FASTENING " to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a fastening to be used in place of the ordinary
hook and ove
Figure 1 represents the two parts separately of which it is composed,
O and Figure 2 represents the same combined. The part a consists of the
two openings b, c, connected by the neck d, and the part e consists mainly
of the neck joined to the stud or button g. Both parts are provided with
holes-h, by means of which they may be attached to the garment to be
attached to
fastened. In-using my Invention, the stud or button g is introduced under

page_text: and passed through the opening b, and the said stud drawn over the opening c.
By bringing the two parts into the same plane the fastening is effected. In
order to separate the parts, the stud g must be brought over the opening b by
inclining the part e, when, by depressing it, it may be withdrawn from the said
opening. My Invention may either be made of wire or sheet metal:
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING OR CONSTRUCTING AND DRESSING ROLLS FOR ROLLING GUN BARRELS, TUBES, AND BARS
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Rock Cooper at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th January
1854.
I, JOSEPH ROCK COOPER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Gun-
maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PREPARING OR CONSTRUCTING AND DRESSING ROLLS FOR ROLLING GUN BARRELS,
TUBES, AND BARS " to be as follows:-'
In rolling gun barrels, tubes, and bars of circular section, and of taper or
conical form, it is necessary to form grooves of corresponding form in the rolls.
In lieu of turning these grooves in a lathe, and returning them again when
they require dressing, I form and dress these grooves by causing the rolls to
revolve very slowly, while I introduce between them a revolving conical or
taper drill, the shape and dimensions of the drill being answerable to the
intended shape and dimensions of the groove to be cut. The drill has an end
motion proportional to the motion of the rolls, so as to bring the proper parts
of the drill in contact with the respective parts of the rolls.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN FITTING OR APPLYING SCREW PROPELLERS TO SHIPS AND VESSELS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Macallister, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, Pattern Maker, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
FITTING OR APPLYING SCREW PROPELLERS TO SHIPS AND VESSELS."
Sealed the 13th February 1855, and dated the 8th September 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Macallister at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th September, 1854.
I, ROBERT MACALLISTER, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, Pattern
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for." AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN FITTING OR APPLYING SCREW PROPELLERS TO SHIPS AND VESSELS" to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in fitting to the dead wood of ships and vessels on
each side of the propeller shaft, and both in front of and behind the propeller,
a guard or screen, of a semicircular section, but tapering away to a point,
by which means the resistance of the water to the revolution of the propeller
will be reduced, and the outer parts of the blades or most efficient propelling
surfaces will alone act on the water, the centre part of the propeller being,
as it were, cut off from action.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE BEZILS OR RINGS USED IN GLAZING THE DIALS OF CLOCKS AND BAROMETERS, AND FOR PURPOSES
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Baker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th August 1854.
I, WILLIAM BAKER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Clock and
Clock Case Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE BEZILS OR RINGS
USED IN GLAZING THE DIALS OF CLOCKS AND BAROMETERS, AND FOR
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The said bezils or rings are usually made by casting. My Invention con-
sists in making them from sheet metal. I take a strip of sheet metal of the
proper size, and, bending it into a hoop-like form, join the ends together by
soldering. The said strip of metal is thereby made into a short cylinder. I
place the said hoop on a chuck in a lathe, and by means of bunishing tools I
burnish or spin the said hoop into the required shape. I use chucks of various
shapes, according to the pattern of the bezil to be made, and I sometimes use
two or more chucks, on which the hoop is successively treated, in order to
bring it to the form required. My Invention is applicable to the manufacture
of bezils or rings used for holding the glasses of all such articles as are glazed
with circular glasses.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY BEARERS AND SLEEPERS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Simmons at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd October 1854.
I, GEORGE SIMMONS, of 10, Liverpool Street, in the City of London, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY BEARERS AND SLEEPERS" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of constructing hollow railway bearers and sleepers
of wrought iron of the following forms combined together :-
Two angle irons of the sectional form
AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF FURNACE FOR CONSUMING SMOKE
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th May
1854.
I, FREDERICK SMITH, of York Street, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey,
Oven Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF FURNACE FOR CONSUMING SMOKE" to be as follows:-
•
The object of this Invention is to prevent the waste of fuel consequent on
the generation of smoke in furnaces, and its escape therefrom into the atmo-
sphere. For this purpose I cast the fire bars hollow, and leave their forward ends
open to the atmosphere, while I connect their inner ends with a cast-iron box
or hot air chamber, which is so placed as to form the bridge of the furnace. The
air supplied to this chamber I carry upwards by means of pipes or flues, and
inject it into the furnace through the crown thereof. This opening I make
behind a metal plate or fire tile stretching across the crown of the furnace,
and projecting a short distance downwards, and I arrange it so that the air
shall be deflected on to the flames and gases, just as they pass under the metal
plate or fire tile. This stream of hot air will drive down on to the bright fire
whatever smoke may have passed the plate, and thereby effect the combustion
of the smoke. To insure a bright fire near the bridge, I increase the windage
or space between the bars at that part, and thereby provide for a more ample
supply of air at the back part than at the front part of the furnace.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TEA KETTLES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Tytherleigh at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th March
1854.
I, WILLIAM TYTHERLEIGH, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Hollow Ware Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TEA KETTLES," to be as follows
(that is to say):-
My Invention consists, first, in making the bodies of tea kettles by the
process of stamping from sheet iron or other metal or metals in the following
way-I first provide myself with two dies of the proper depth, and form the
inverted shape of the top and bottom of my intended tea kettle, varying the size
of such dies according to the tea kettle required.
From those dies I raise the two parts, afterwards uniting them by brazing
in the usual way, which union may be about the middle or rather nearer the
top of such kettle bodies.
And the second part of my improvements relates to the application of cast
spouts to the bodies of tea kettles so made.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry S. Rogers, of New Oxford Street, in the
County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS."
- A communication from Eli Whitney, of the United States of America.
Sealed the 22nd August 1854, and dated the 22nd May 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry S. Rogers at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
May 1854.
I, HENRY S. ROGERS, of New Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-
ARMS to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object "Improvements in Fire-arms" where
several breeches are used in combination with a single fixed barrel, the several
breeches revolving to bring them in succession opposite the fixed barrel. For
this purpose, the frame to which the fixed barrel is screwed is formed with
an opening through it to receive the several breeches or chambers for the
charges. The back end of the metal frame is made to form part of the stock,
and in it are fixed the main spring, and also a spring which acts on the sear,
which is formed in one piece with the locking bolt, which locks the revolving
chambers and prevents movement at the time of the discharge. The locking

page_text: bolt and sear is acted on by the spring, above mentioned, and another at the
"fore part of it, and by the arrangement and form of the sear and locking bolt
the hammer is prevented acting except when properly cocked. The several
breeches are placed on a moveable axis, which passes through the fore part of
the frame and into the back part thereof, and is locked securely in its place
when forced into position by means of a catch acted on by a spring. The
trigger has a projection in front, which is acted on by a spring, tending to
bring the trigger forward; and the trigger has a projection backward, to which
a finger or driver is attached by a pin, and it is by this driver acting against
ratchet teeth that the breech chambers are caused to revolve. The driver is
pressed constantly forward by a spring. The main spring enters a notch or
recess in the lower part of the hammer, and the hammer is prevented coming
against the nipple by coming in contact with the upper part of the frame. The
barrels and breech chambers are made, by preference, of cast steel.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR PREPARING OR SCUTCHING FLAX AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS REQUIRING SUCH AN OPERATION
Year: 1854

page_text: Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th April 1854.
I, JOHN CORLETT, of Luimbres, in the Empire of France, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR
PREPARING OR SCUTCHING FLAX AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS REQUIRING SUCH AN
OPERATION" to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to prepare flax by the better breaking of the
straw, for the after process of removing the woody parts; also for softening
harsh fibrous materials, such as hemp, jute, and other analogous plants, pre-
viously to heckling the fibres; also for re-breaking the straw or woody
particles left in scutching and other tows when made on the ordinary systems.
The flax, straw, or other material to be broken or softened is held in the
holder, and is suspended between the stationary jaws; it also passes through
other jaws, which have a short, quick, oscillating motion from their centre of
motion; thus, the flax, &c., is beaten backwards and forwards between the
stationary jaws and the moving jaws, at the same time that the holder is
caused to rise gradually and draw up the fibres; thus it is evident that the straw
will be broken or the fibrous materials softened by a sort of rubbing process
to which they will be exposed, the action beginning about the middle of the
length of the fibres, and gradually advancing towards the end; and when the

page_text: straw is broken the particles will be very fine, as the holder rises slowly; thus
the separation subsequently of the woody from the fibrous parts is rendered
easy. When one of the ends is done a new holder is put on the finished end,
and the first holder is removed, in order to expose that part of the flax to the
action of the machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OR MANUFACTURE OF DEVONIAN LIMESTONE
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Walker Scott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
March 1854.
I, THOMAS WALKER SCOTT, of 10, South Devon Place, Plymouth, in the
County of Devon, Esquire, B.A., Limestone Merchant, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OR
MANUFACTURE OF DEVONIAN LIMESTONE" to be as follows:—
These improvements consist in the manufacture of hydraulic lime from
those portions of the Devonian stone with contain a proportion of clay, and
which hitherto have been useless, or nearly so, for the purposes of commerce.
The stone is burnt in the ordinary way, in the first place, and is then ground
to a powder, and may then be employed in the usual way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREVENTING ALTERATIONS OF BANK NOTES, CHEQUES, AND OTHER DOCUMENTS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Moses Poole, of Avenue Road, Regent's Park, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PREVENTING ALTERATIONS OF BANK NOTES, CHEQUES, AND OTHER DOCUMENTS."
A communication.
Sealed the 28th July 1854, and dated the 23rd March 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Moses Poole at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd March
1854.
I, MOSES POOLE, of Avenue Road, Regent's Park, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PREVENTING ALTERATIONS OF BANK NOTES, CHEQUES, AND
OTHER DOCUMENTS" to be as follows:-
The Invention consists of puncturing or displacing portions of the face of a
bank note, cheque, or other document, in such manner that the vacancies or
perforations pricked or cut through shall be made to represent, by numerals,
figures, or letters, or other intelligible signs, the denomination or amount of
the note, cheque, or other document, or the name or part of the name of the
bank or promissor, or any other essential part of the note, cheque, or other

page_text: document, by which means, unless the signification of the punctured, cut out,
or perforated parts of the document, and the written or printed parts thereof
agreed, it would at once be ascertained that the document was a fraudulent
one; and it is the combining devices produced by puncturing or cutting away
of parts of a document with printing and writing. which constitutes the
peculiarity of the Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Tournay at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th February
1854.
I, GEORGE TOURNAY, of Newington Causeway, in the County of Surrey, Gen-
tleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the obtainment of motive power by applying steam
direct to a wheel encased or partly so; on this wheel are placed a series of cogs
or projections upon which the steam works. When the effective action of the
steam has taken place it passes off by any convenient arrangement of exhaust
pipes. It is obvious that the wheel may be worked by steam admitted at any
number of intervals around it.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS AND SHOES, AND IN SOCKS OR INNER SOLES FOR BOOTS ANDSHOES
Year: 1854

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaie Alexandre and Alfred Som-
merville at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with the'r
Petition, on the 21st July 1854.
We, ISAIE ALEXANDRE, of Bruxelles, but now residing at Birmingham, in
the County of Warwick, Merchant, and ALFRED SOMMERVILLE, of Birmingham
aforesaid, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS AND SHOES, AND IN SOCKS OR INNER
SOLES FOR BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as follows:-
Our said Invention consists in applying to the interior of the bottoms of
boots and shoes wires or plates of copper and zinc, or combinations of such
other metals or materials as will form with the moisture of the foot galvanic
or voltaic combinations. The electricity generated during the wearing of boots
and shoes made according to our Invention gives vigour to the nervous
system of weakly or debilitated persons. Where socks or moveable inner
soles are worn in boots and shoes, we apply the said voltaic or galvanic
combinations to the said socks or soles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1854

page_text: ⚫ LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Lillie, of the City of Manchester, Engineer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 8th August 1854, and dated the 24th May 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Lillie at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th May
1854.
I, JOSEPH LILLIE, of the City of Manchester, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING " to
be as follows:-
My Invention consists in dispensing with the lay or batten and parts for
working the same, usually employed in looms, and in constructing the shuttle
of the shape of a flat wedge. The weft, which is drawn from the shuttle through
an opening in the thin edge of the wedge, is deposited in the open shed by the
shuttle itself, in the proper position for making cloth when the shed is crossed.
I wish to remark, that I do not limit myself to making the shuttle of a wedge
shape, as other shapes may be found in practice to answer equally well. I
prefer to place the warp beam at the upper, and the cloth beam at the
lower, side of the loom; the warp after leaving the beam is taken through
heddles in the usual manner, and then through a fixed reed.

page_text: The weft on leaving the shuttle is pressed by the shuttle itself against the
cloth; (added to the weight of the shuttle, other agents may be used, if required;)
by this means the stroke of the reed in ordinary looms is dispensed with. The
size and weight of the shuttle must be varied to suit the various descriptions of
cloth. The letting-off, taking-up, and other motions of the loom may be the
same as in looms of the ordinary construction.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN REDUCING THE FRICTION OF AXLES, BEARINGS, OR BEARINGS, OR OTHER ROTATORY RUBBING SURFACES IN MACHINERY
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Armand Benoit Joseph Jean and
Alfred Alexandre Hugues at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 21st July 1854.
We, ARMAND BENOIT JOSEPH JEAN, Manufacturer, and ALFRED ALEXANDRE
HUGUES, Engineer, of Paris, in the French Empire, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN REDUCING THE
FRICTION OF AXLES, BEARINGS, OR
BEARINGS, OR OTHER ROTATORY RUBBING SURFACES IN
MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
We construct an axle box whose internal diameter is larger than the
diameter of the axle, and we place a number of small rollers in the annular
space between the axle and axle box. These rollers are connected together
by a ring or annular frame at each end, which keeps them at equal distances
apart. As the axle revolves in the axle box, or the axle box revolves on the
axle, these rollers roll round between them, and thus produce a rolling in lieu
of a rubbing motion. They are confined endways by a groove or grooves in
the axle or axle box. In lieu of these rollers rolling upon the axle itself, they
may roll upon a cylindrical block attached to the axle. The rollers may have
conical ends, and may be turned of different diameters at the parts which come
in contact with the axle or its block, and at the parts which come in contact

page_text: with the axle box. In lieu of making the axle and box cylindrical, they may
be double cones, with two sets of rollers between them, confined by rings or
annular frames, as before. Other bearings and rotatory rubbing surfaces in
machinery are constructed in a similar manner.
A PORTABLE CAMP BED
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Glenny at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th March
1854.
I, JOHN GLENNY, of Number 152 Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Outfitter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " A PORTABLE
CAMP BED" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the adaptation of known materials to the purpose
of forming a bed which shall effectually exclude damp or moist exhalations
arising from the earth or atmosphere, and at the same time be rendered
extremely portable and convenient of transit.
The arrangement will be at once seen on reference to the accompanying
Sketch. No. 1 exhibits the bed as unfolded or thrown open ready for use.
A, A, is a bed or mattrass of the usual description attached to or placed upon
a stout waterproof canvas covering B, B, and having two wings or side
pieces C, C, (also of waterproof, but of a more plieble texture,) which are made
D is
to fold or throw over, and serve as a covering to the bed when in use.
the bolster or pillow, which can either be made in one piece with the bed or
seperate and detached, as may be preferred.
No. 2 exhibits the bed when out of use, and folded or rolled up for tra-
velling, being secured by straps and buckles or some other suitable fastening,
and shewing the stout waterproof canvas B, B, as a protection.

page_text: It may
be observed that the bed or mattrass may be filled with air, wool,
horsehair, or any of the ordinary materials used for such purpose; and that I
do not confine myself to the precise arrangement exhibited, but reserve to
myself any variation of form, construction, or material.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF HARDENING FATTY AND OILY MATTERS EMPLOYED IN AND FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Prince at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th March
1854.
I, ALEXANDER PRINCE, of the Office for Patents, No. 4, Trafalgar Square,
Charing Cross, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF HARDENING FATTY AND OILY
MATTERS EMPLOYED IN AND FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES," (a communication,)
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in hardening fatty and oily matters by mixing them
with a species of gum, resin, or vegetable wax, which is produced abundantly
in the districts of Para and Maranhão, in South America, and elsewhere.
This resinous wax, or whatever may be its correct description, is the produce
of the palma ceriferia copernicia.
This substance by itself may be used in the manufacture of candles, night
lights, and such like, and mixed with fatty and oily matters; it renders them
exceedingly hard and more inflammable, and consequently more applicable to
the manufacture of candles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MARINE AND RAILWAY TELEGRAPHS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Benton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd August 1854.
I, ROBERT BENTON, of Saltley Hall, Birmingham, Surveyor and Land
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MARINE AND RAILWAY TELEGRAPHS" to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improved means of communicating at night
from one ship to another the direction or course which each ship is steering,
especially in very dark or foggy weather; and on railways to announce the
stoppage or unavoidable slow progress of a train to any train that may be
approaching it within a distance of five or six hundred yards; for which
purpose lanterns and rockets discharged from angular tubes are employed. The
lanterns used for the purpose are such as to denote whether the vessel is on
one or other tack, and this is done by having a transparent device on the front
of each lantern, which can be reversed, according as the vessel is on the star-
board or larboard tack, which may be conveniently done by slides, or it may be
otherwise arranged. And in order that a steam and a sailing vessel may be
distinguished one from another, there is an additional device shewn by the lan-
terns, to denote that such lanterns are on board a steam vessel. And as it is of
great importance on every dark night, and in fogs, when the danger of collision

page_text: at sea and on railways is much increased, to indicate any interruption to trains
on a railway or a ship's progress at sea, and whether the vessel is a steam or
sailing vessel, rockets are used, which are fired from tubes on the deck of a
vessel, or from the rear of a railway train, in a line right fore and aft. For
sailing vessels, single tubes are used, which are inclined at an angle of about
fifteen degrees; and in a steam vessel two tubes are combined in the same
stand, and they are arranged to cause the two rockets immediately they are
discharged to diverge from each other; for which purpose the tubes are so
set or fixed in their stand at the aforesaid inclination of about fifteen degrees
from the deck, and are separated or at a distance from each other at their
outer or upper ends, and near together at their lower ends, where the two
rockets are ignited. For railway purposes a single angular tube at an elevation
of about fifteen degrees from the platform of the rear carriage will be sufficient
to be used at such intervals as may be deemed necessary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MASHING APPARATUS FOR BREWING
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Disher at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th October
1854.
I, JOHN DISHER, of Edinburgh, Scotland, Brewer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MASHING APPARATUS FOR
BREWING to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the general arrangement and construction of the
parts of a portable machine adapted for carrying on the process of mashing.
The machine consists of a box or case, within which is contained a shaft
furnished with a set of peculiarly formed beaters or dividers, which are made to
operate upon the malt in the manner required by means of power suitably
applied to the shaft.
At one end of the said case is formed an opening for the entrance of the
malt, in which opening is inserted a pipe for the supply of water. The quantity
of malt admitted to the case is regulated by a slide within the pipe or channel
communicating with the said opening, and there is an opening at the other
end of the box or case for the discharge of the material after it has been
operated upon, a guard being suitably placed in order to regulate such dis-
charge as required. The box or case has a perforated cover, upon which
water is supplied through a cock connected with a branch pipe from the main

page_text: water pipe. The beaters or dividers consist of radial arms extending from the
shaft at intervals, each arm having a set of rods passed through it in a direction
at right angles to its length. The box or case is intended to be fixed upon
any convenient supports, and a spout may be suitably fixed below the discharge
aperture by means of which the malt, after being operated upon by the beaters,
may be conveyed to the centre of the mash tun, when the above-described
portable machine is intended to be used in combination therewith.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CLEANING AND CARDING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Lord at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th July 1854.
I, EDWARD LORD, of Todmorden, in the County of York, Machinist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR CLEANING AND CARDING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS"
to be as follows:-
My first improvement consists in applying under the beaters, toothed cylinders,
or wire cylinders of blowers and other machines of the like nature, a plate
covered with wire card, or having teeth upon it, which cards or teeth are set at
an angle, so that the fibrous material under operation will strip off the said
teeth. Instead of the plate, a series of bars covered with wire card or teeth
may be used, the bars being placed sufficiently asunder to allow the dirt to drop
between them. An endless flexible (passing over two rollers) with ribs covered
with wire card or teeth may also be substituted, or a series of small rollers
covered with card, fillet, or other teeth may be used, the rollers being sufficiently
apart to allow the dirt to drop between them.
Secondly; in the application of the above machinery to the under side of the
lickers-in of carding engines.
And, lastly, the application of the self-acting machinery for weighing and

page_text: regulating the supply of cotton or other fibrous material to blowers, and other
machines of the like nature, for which Letters Patent were granted to Edward
Lord, on the Tenth of August, One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine, to
the machinery for cleaning cotton and other fibrous material, for which Letters
Patent were granted to Francis Alton Calvert, on the Eighteenth of January,
One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES, AND THE PRODUCTION OF STEAM FOR THE SAME
Year: 1854

page_text: Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th June 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JOHN MOORE HYDE, of 1, Quay, in the City of Bristol, Philo-
sophical Instrument Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES, AND THE PRODUCTION
OF STEAM FOR THE SAME," to be as follows, viz:-
These improvements are further improvements on my Invention,
for which Letters Patent have been granted to me (No. 1140, in 1852,)
under the same title as above.
The new improvements relate to constructing the fire bar space of
the furnaces (for heating steam generators or boilers for the production
of steam, more especially for marine steam engines,), of considerably
smaller width than heretofore, so as to avoid the necessity of employing
funnels or chimneys of great length to create draft. The same to have
an enclosed ashpit, provided with suitable air passages and valves to
regulate the draft.

page_text: Also, lining, coating, or covering the inside of the steam generators
or boilers for the production of steam for steam engines with granulated
copper or other suitable metal.
Also, internal safety valves for the condensers, arranged to prevent
the ingress of air by means of steam pressure upon their stuffing boxes.
Also, further securing the rivetted or other joints of surface condensers
by soldering the same in order to prevent leakage.
Also, the application of non-conducting or badly conducting throttle
valves to surface condensers for steam engines.
ALTERATION OR AMENDMENT REQUIRED BY THE ATTORNEY GENERAL.
The improvements mentioned and referred to in the foregoing are
to be used in conjunction with each other (and with the improve-
ments already patented, as mentioned in the foregoing), forming one
combination; though the parts only of the whole combination might be
used in some cases with advantage.
A NEW TOY OR AERIAL TOP
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Pfersdorff at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th May 1854.
I, CARL PFERSDORFF, of South Row, Kensall New Town, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW TOY OR AERIAL TOP" to
be as follows:
This Invention consists of a new form of toy, which I call an aerial top,
intended for the amusement of children, and constructed as follows:-
A light frame is made of wire in the form of a windmill, with any number
of sails or vanes, the said vanes being covered with paper or other suitable
material. This windmill, which I call an aerial top, when caused to revolve
quickly in an horizontal direction will rise to a great height, in consequence of
the pressure of the inclined vanes against the air. The means which I employ
to give the requisite revolving motion to this aerial top are as follows:-To a
wooden or other handle a pin is fixed, and upon this pin is placed a tubular
piece of wood having notches at the top, to receive the wire arms of the aerial
top or windmill; one end of a string or cord is passed through or otherwise"
attached to the tube. The aerial top or windmill being placed on the tube
with the wire arms in the notches, the handle is held in a vertical position in
the left hand, and the tube and aerial top or windmill caused to revolve by
alternately pulling and releasing the string or cord with the-right-hand. As

page_text: soon as the requisite velocity has been thus obtained the cord must be pulled
quickly, and a slight motion of the left hand disengaging the aerial top from
the handle, the top will rise in the air to a height in proportion to the speed or
velocity of revolution that has been imparted to it.
If the toy is used in a room it will ascend to the ceiling and continue to
revolve there for some seconds, in which case the centre of the upper part of
the top should be provided with a projecting piece of cork or other elastic or
soft substance, to prevent the same from injuring the ceiling.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS FITTINGS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Gerard Brade at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st October 1854.-A communication.
I, ABRAHAM GERARD BRADE, of Paris, France, and 133, Salisbury Square,
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS FITTINGS" to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in making the body of the fittings in brass, iron,
or any
other suitable metal tubing in the ordinary manner, and afterwards
affixing to this tubing the ornaments in the following manner :-Suitable
hollow moulds, offering in their interior the form of the ornament to be cast,
are provided, and being formed of two, three, or more pieces, according to the
form of the ornament, they permit of inserting the tube in them, leaving a
space round the latter in such a way that zinc or any other suitable metal or
material being cast into the moulds, the melted metal, embodying entirely
certain parts of the tube, make those castings adhere firmly to the said tubing;
and in order to give more strength to these castings, iron or other suitable
wire is laid in the same manner as the tube itself in the interior of the moulds,
which wires will consequently be covered entirely by the metal or other
material. The ornaments being thus cast in metal or other suitable material,
the moulds are removed, and the castings may be further lacquered, gilded,
or ornamented in any of the known methods.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR RAISING AND FORCING FLUIDS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
April 1854.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR RAISING AND FORCING
FLUIDS" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of pumps, wherein the pump
barrel and supply pipe are made separate, and combined by means of an ex-
haust chamber, into which the water is forced by atmospheric pressure, and
from which it flows by its gravity into the pump barrel. By this arrangement,
the water flows up the supply pipe in a continuous stream, without any check
from, and without presenting any resistance to, the downward motion of the
piston. In order to keep up the vacuum in the exhaust chamber, a small
lateral hole is formed in the barrel of the pump, and at about the middle of
the range of motion of the piston, by which means such a communication with
the exhaust chamber and pump barrel is established, that the same stroke
of the piston that causes the water to flow into the pump barrel will draw from
the chamber the air that is above the water. In the exhaust chamber (which
combines the pump barrel and supply pipe) a strainer, sieve, or filter is inter-
posed between the pump barrel and supply pipe, so that the water discharged

page_text: in the exhaust chamber by the supply pipe flows through the strainer, sieve, or
filter before it enters the pump barrel, whereby the valves and pistons are
effectually protected against the introduction of solid foreign matter.
It is preferred to extend the upper end of the supply pipe above the
bottom of the exhaust chamber, and nearly up to the top thereof, as this
will prevent any solid substances once discharged from again entering the
supply pipe.
In some cases it is preferred to insert a working cylinder within an exhaust
cylinder or vacuum chamber, and by means of a pipe to connect the upper
part of this exhaust cylinder, with the space between the inlet valve and piston
of the pump barrel, through which pipe the air in the vacuum chamber is
discharged.
AN IMPROVED ROCKING AND LOUNGING CHAIR
Year: 1854

page_text: www
ne
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Marsh at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th October 1854.
I, WILLIAM MARSH, of No. 11, Bywater Street, King's Road, Chelsea, in
the County of Middlesex, Upholsterer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED ROCKING AND LOUNGING CHAIR" to be as follows:-
This Invention. consists of a lounging chair, which is capable of different
degress of elevation and inclination, and also of being folded up into a small
compass when required. The improved rocking and lounging chair is con-
structed as follows:-The curved "rockers" are connected together by trans-
verse rails or spindles, as usual. The hinder or backward ends of the
"rockers" serve as fulcra, to which are attached two curved pieces, which
form the hinder legs and the side rails of the seat. These curved side rails
are also connected together by transverse rails or spindles. The back and the
front legs of the chair are formed of two curved pieces, connected together by
rails. These latter curved pieces are connected to the before-mentioned
curved side rails by means of a metal rod, working in slots underneath the
chair, at the point of junction of the back and seat. The lower ends of the
front legs of the chair are furnished with pins, which, when the chair is fixed
for use, take into holes in the front part of the "rockers." The cushion or
stuffing of the back and seat are in one piece. The elbow rests are hinged
to the side rails of the back, and the supports for the same are connected by
pins to the side rails of the seat. The inclination of the back of the chair

page_text: and the elevation of the seat of the same may be altered by placing the pins
either forward or backward in the holes, as required. Upon withdrawing the
pins from the holes altogether by raising the back, the chair may be folded
together into a small compass for convenience of carriage or stowage, as
required. When it is not required as a rocking chair, it is to be steadied, by
placing scrolls under the ends of the curved rockers, so as to form them into a
firm and solid base.