CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAIN AND COMMON PUMPS, WHEREBY THE LATTER. WILL ACT AS A FIRE ENGINE FOR SEA AND LAND PURPOSES
Year: 1806

page_text: GWYNNE & NOBLE'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I. LAWRENCE
GWYNNE, of Christ's Hospital, in the City of London, Gentleman, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great,
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Sixth day of June, in
the forty-sixth year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the said Lawrence
Gwynne, jointly with PETER NOBLE, of the London Road, in the Parish of
Saint George and County of Surrey, Engine Maker, our exors, admors, and
assigns, His especial licence, that we, the said Lawrence Gwynne and Peter
Noble, our exors, admññors, and assigns, should and lawfully might, during.
the term of years therein mentioned, make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAIN AND COMMON PUMPS, WHEREBY THE LATTER.
WILL ACT AS A FIRE ENGINE FOR SEA AND LAND PURPOSES;" in which said
Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging us, the said Lawrence
Gwynne and Peter Noble, or one of us, by an instrument in writing under
our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, to cause a.
particular description of the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed; to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of

page_text: Chancery within one calendar month next after the date of the said recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, relation being thereunto had, may
more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Lawrence Gwynne, do hereby declare that our said Invention is described in
manner following, that is to say:-
Fig. 1 in the annexed Drawings represents a common pump made with our
improvements, whereby the same is rendered capable of acting as a fire engine.
A represents the lower box, having its valve opening upwards. I is the piston,
which is solid or imperferated, and works in the barrel I, L, L, L, having its
rod I, K, passed through a stuffing box F, which closes the upper part of the
band. There are also three sido valves B, C, and D, opening outwards,
from the barrell of which the valve B is immediately above A, and just
below tho limit of the stroke of the piston, and the valve C is imme-
diately above the stroke of the piston, and the valve D is immediately
below the valve A. These three side valves open into a space contained
between the barrel L, L, L, L, and another external barrel or chamber
M, M, M, M,. which incloses and surrounds the inner barrel, and has no
communication with the external air, except through the nozzle or spout
E or H. G, G, represents the first mover of the pump, which is here repre-
sented as acting on the piston by rackwork, but the motion may be given in
any other convenient manner. The manner in which this improved pump
performs its office is as follows:-When the piston I is depressed as low as it
can descend, and then begins to rise, the air becomes rarefied beneath the
piston, and water rises through the space N by the pressure of the atmosphere,
as usual. If we suppose a few strokes to have been given, the space beneath
the piston when up will be filled with water; but when the piston again
descends the valve. A will shut, and the water will be protruded through B
into the chamber or space between the outer and inner barrels, and during
this same descent the pressure of the atmosphere will cause water to ascend
from N through D, along the pipe O, to the space above the piston. When
the piston again shall rise, D will shut, and likewise B, and the rising column
of water will pass through A beneath the piston, at the same time that water
from the piston will be forced through C into the same chamber between the
barrels. Let it now be understood that the nozzle or pipe E is open, and if
there be sufficient waterway the fluid will issue forth in the same manner as
from a forced pump acting both ways; but if the aperture be made small by a
pipe or nozzle, as in the fire engine, a resistance will be afforded to the
emission of the water, and the fluid will rise between the two barrels, and will

page_text: become subjected to the reaction of the included air in the same manner as in
any other air chamber or vessel, and in a constant stream will be projected out,
and the pump will act as a fire engine. The spout or opening E may thus be
used for every purpose; but in case it should be desired that a more elevated
spout should be used, without any reaction from the included air, the opening H
may then be applied to this purpose. And we do hereby further declare, that
the dimensions of the parts, the form and action of the valves, and the materials
and workmanship of our said improvements in the common pump, are suscep-
tible of great variations, and may in those respects be left to the judgment of
any intelligent workman.
Fig. 2 represents the pump Fig. 1, by a shaded sketch of its external
parts.
.
Fig. 3 is the Drawing of an improvement in the pump handle, such as is
usually assisted in its action by the libration of a weight. A, B, represents
the swinging handle, loaded at bottom, which has heretofore been wrought by
the assistance of a weight only; but we do likewise apply certain springs C, C,
which (in the same manner as the weight) receive a part of the working force
during the ascent, and return it again in the descent, without requiring any
additional load to be suspended on the axis. Wo do make the said springs
straight or curved, spirally or helically, or of any other convenient figure to
which the preference may be given. And we do cause the same to react
against such part of the handle or arm as may be thought the most suitable or
convenient.
Fig. 4 represents an improvement in the chain of chain pumps. In these
instruments a bolt is usually passed through each joint at the extremity of
cach link, as at A and B, which is secured by a ring or washer, and a key or
forelock; but in our Invention every single piece D is cast with two pro-
jections or small opposite cylindrical prominences at each end, which are
received in correspondent holes in those external links, which are applied
double, and through each pair of the said external links there is passed a pin
or bolt C, C, with its washer or ring and forelock. By this contrivance
the chain is made more perfect, accurate, and strong, and much cheaper,
because the number of bolts, washers, and forelocks is only half as many as
would otherwise have been required.
In witness whereof, I, the said Lawrence Gwynne, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Fifth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and six.
LAWCE GWYNNE. (L.B.)

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifth day of July, in the
year of our Lord 1806, the aforesaid Lawrence Gwynne came before our
said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Fifth day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and six.