Improvements in or Applicable to Machines for Spinning and Doubling Fibrous Materials.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Mar., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 27th Nov., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 15th Jan., 1889
Improvements in or Applicable to Machines for Spinning and
Doubling Fibrous Materials.
I, GEORGE BERNHARDT, of Stand Lane, Radcliffe, in the County of Lancaster,
Cotton Spinner and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention,
to be as follows:-
Firstly. My improvements relate and are applicable to arrangements of mechanism
for actuating the thread guide wire arrangements of ring frames described in the
specification of Letters Patent granted to me numbered 2970. A.D. 1886 when the
ring rail and thread guide wire arrangements are actuated by the ordinary arrange-
ment of shafts extending across the machine having arms or levers on their ends as
described in my said specification and illustrated by figs. 14, 15 and 16 of the
drawings, and the object of my present invention is to give the same movements to
the thread guide wire rods (h) as are described in my said specification in reference to
the arrangement illustrated by figs. 1 and 2, and my present invention consists in
arranging the vertical sliding rods or "pokers" for the thread guide wires with a
bracket secured to the lower end of each poker, which bracket has two arms one
extending on one side, the other on the other side of the axis or shaft of the lifting
arms or levers, for lifting the ring rail pokers, which arms or levers extend on both
sides of the shaft or axis of the arms or levers, and upon which there are projections
which are or may be adjustable on the arms or levers, which projections act upon
the arms of the bracket for the thread guide wire pokers.
When the ring rail is in its lowest position the projection from the arm of the
lever furthest from the ring poker acts upon the arm from the bracket on the end
of the thread guide wire poker, but as the ring rail is lifted the other projection
between the axis of the lever and the ring rail poker acts upon the other arm of the
bracket and this gives the desired movements to the thread guide wire pokers.
The improved arrangements above described may be modified by arranging two
pokers for the thread guide wires to be separately acted upon by projections or bowls

page_text: on the lifting levers or arms, one poker being acted upon by one arm of the lifting
lever on one side of its axis, and the other by the other arm of the lever on the other
side of its axis.
These arrangements are combined with the other thread guide wire mechanism
described in my aforesaid specification.
My invention also consists in combining the arrangements herein before described,
and those described in my aforesaid specification illustrated by figs. 1 and 2 and
figs. 14 and 15 with thread guide wires which are secured in wood boards, which are
hinged to the caps or brackets on the upper ends of the pokers, these hinged wood
thread guide wire boards, are or may be connected by levers and rods so that those on
one or both sides of the frame may be simultaneously turned on their hinges and lifted
when required.
Secondly. My improvements relate to modifications of those spindle arrange-
ments described in my aforesaid specification which are modifications of those
described in the specification of Letters Patent granted to me and Numbered 1458
A.D. 1885.
According to one modification (a) the removable socket is constructed by preference
with a bolster bearing made by preference of thin sheet nickel bent to the cylindrical
form and extending from the top of the socket or nearly so to the footstep there being
a narrow slit in the nickel bearing to give admission to the lubricant from cavities or
grooves in the interior of the socket to the spindle bolster bearing and permit the
circulation of the lubricant.
This nickel bearing can also be reversed when worn.
The holder and socket in this modification extends into the sleeve on the spindle
and above the level of the warf-The lower end of the socket has a pin in its side
to enter a bayonet fixing groove in the lower part of the holder.
According to another modification (6) the combination is the same as the modifi-
cation (a) above described except that there is no nickel bolster bearing, but there
are longitudinal grooves in the interior of the socket.
According to another modification (c) of my invention, the arrangement is similar
to the modification (a) above described with the following exceptions-The nickel
bolster bush is only short and is not reversible-the upper ends of the holder and
socket are closed except that there is a hole for the spindle to pass through
freely There is a collar or sleeve free to rotate on the reduced lower end of the
socket and this collar has a projection to enter a groove in the interior of the
lower end of the holder which is connected with a slot to form the bayonet fixing,
and between the upper end of the collar and a shoulder on the socket there is an
helical spring which acts to push the upper end of the socket against the upper
end of the holder and keeps the pin or projection on the said collar in the slot of
the bayonet fixing.
The socket in this arrangement can also rotate and the spring also acts to retard
its rotation.
There is a split ring, sprung on the lower end of the socket, to enter a groove
therein and thus keep the collar and helical spring upon the socket, when withdrawn
from the holder-In the last described modification there are also longitudinal oil
grooves on the exterior of the nickel bush bearing.
According to another modification (d) of my invention the upper end of the
socket and holder are arranged as in modification (c) but differs from it in other
respects as explained below-The holder is inserted in the rail from below and the
screw nut is upon the upper side of the rail.
In a projection from the holder below the rail a hole is formed for a spring
and a rod having a collar secured to its upper end.
The lower end of the rod is bent in the hook form and its point comes into a hole
in the lower end of the socket and thus the spring acting upon the hook rod holds
up the socket with its upper end against the end of the holder.
By pulling down this hooked rod and turning it to one side the socket can be
removed and replaced.

page_text: Another modification (e) of my invention is similar in the upper part of the socket
and holder to the said modification (a) and at its lower part as to the helical spring
is the same as the modification c, except that the spring acts to lift the socket and draw
a collar or disc secured upon its lower end against the end or head of the collar or
sleeve for the bayonet fixing.
The socket can rotate in the holder but the force of the spring retards its
rotation.
Leather, or other suitable material is or may be placed between the surfaces of the
disc to give adhesion to retard rotation, or the head of one disc is or may be coned to
fit a cone on the collar or sleeve for the bayonet fixing, and in cases where the
socket is not to rotate it is or may be arranged with clutch teeth between the discs so
that the holder can be turned and held in any required position.
Another modification (f) of my invention is similar to the modification (a) herein-
before described, but with a short nickel bolster bearing, and with the footstep loose
in the socket and formed with a stem upon which there is an helical spring resting
upon the lower interior end of the socket.
Another modification (g) of my invention is similar to the modification (c) but
instead of the sleeve or collar for the bayonet fixing there is a tube or sleeve which
has or may have its lower end closed or open, this tube or sleeve being secured to
the lower end of the socket by a pin which passes through the sleeve and a slot in
the socket.
The tube or sleeve is held in its place by a spring stirrup clip secured to the
lower end of the holder formed and arranged somewhat similar to that shown by
figs. 2 and 4 of the drawings in the specification of my aforesaid Letters Patent
No. 2970-A.D. 1886 except that a centro stud is substituted for the disc (e) shown
in the said last named figs. 2 and 4.
Thirdly. Another part of my invention relates to mule spindles and consists in
forming each holder for the socket with a hole in it bored out to fit a shaft attached
to the mule carriage-The holder is slit on one side into the hole for the shaft so that
by a set screw it may be made to draw the slit part of the holder to grip the shaft
when adjusted to the required position.
Dated this First day of March 1888.

page_text: Improvements in or Applicable to Machines for Spinning and
Doubling Fibrous Materials.
I HARRIETT SIMPSON BERNHARDT of Rupert House, Radcliffe, in the County of
Lancaster Widow and sole Executrix of the late George Bernhardt of Stand Lane,
Radcliffe aforesaid, Cotton Spinner and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Firstly The improvements relate and are applicable to arrangements of mechanism
for actuating the thread guide wire arrangements of ring frames described in the
specification of Letters Patent granted to the late George Bernhardt Numbered 2970
A.D. 1886 when the ring rail and thread guide wire arrangements are actuated by.
the ordinary arrangement of shafts extending across the machine having arms or
levers on their ends as described in the specification of the said Letters Patent
No. 2970 A.D. 1886 and illustrated by figs. 14, 15 and 16 of the drawings, and the
object of the present invention is to give the same movements to the thread guide
wire rods (h) as are described in the said specification in reference to the arrangement
illustrated by figs. 1 and 2 and the present invention consists in arranging the vertical
sliding rods or pokers" for the thread guide wires with a bracket secured to the
lower end of each poker which bracket has two arms one extending on one side, the
other on the other side of the axis or shaft of the lifting arms or levers for lifting
the ring rail pokers which arms or levers extend on both sides of the shaft or axis of
the arms or levers and upon which there are projections which are or may be adjustable
on the arms or levers which projections act upon the arms of the bracket for the
thread guide wire pokers.
When the ring rail is in its lowest position the projection from the arm of the lever
furthest from the ring poker acts upon the arm from the bracket on the end of the
thread guide wire poker but as the ring-rail is lifted the other projection between
the axis of the lever and the ring rail poker acts upon the other arin of the bracket
and this gives the desired movements to the thread guide wire pokers.
The improved arrangements above described may be modified by arranging two
pokers for the thread guide wires to be separately acted upon by projections or bowls
on the lifting levers or arms one poker being acted upon by one arm of the lifting
lever on one side of its axis and the other by the other arm of the lever on the other
side of its axis.
These arrangements are combined with the other thread guide wire mechanism
described in the aforesaid specification.
5

page_text: The invention also consists in combining the arrangements hereinbefore described
and those described in the aforesaid specification illustrated by figs. 1 and 2 and
figs. 14 and 15 with thread guide wires which are secured in wood boards which
are hinged to the caps or brackets on the upper ends of the pokers these hinged
wood thread guide wire boards are or may be connected by levers and rods so
that those on one or both sides of the frame may be simultaneously turned on
their hinges and lifted when required.
Secondly The improvements relate to modifications of those spindle arrange-
ments described in the aforesaid specification which are modifications of those
described in the specification of Letters Patent granted to the said late George
Bernhardt and Numbered 1458 A.D. 1885 which modifications will be hereinafter
described by reference to the accompanying drawings.
Thirdly Another part of the invention relates to mule spindles and consists in
forming each holder for the socket with a hole in it bored out to fit a shaft
attached to the mule carriage which will be hereinafter more particularly described
by reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation and fig. 2 an end sectional elevation of so much of
a ring spinning frame as (with fig. 3 a plan view of one end of a lifting shaft
shown detached) will be necessary for explaining one part of the first head of
the invention.
Figs. 1 and 2 are respectively somewhat similar to figs. 15 and 14 of the
aforesaid specification No. 2970 A.D. 1886, except that all the parts shown in the
said figs. 15 and 14 are not shown in figs. 1 and 2.
b, are the rails or framing; a, the spindle rail; a, ring rail; c, guide tubo
through which one of the ring rail pokers or rods c³ for actuating the ring rail
slides up and down; ³, is one arm from the shaft for actuating the ring
rail pokers.
The shaft (several of which are used as usual) extends across the frame, and
each end on opposite sides of the frame is in a bearing in a bracket from the
rail 6, as shown. The shafts * receive oscillation for actuating the ring rail in
the ordinary manner. h³, is an adjustable projection secured to the arm h³ on
one side of the fulcrum or shaft and h, is another similar projection secured
to the arm 3 extended on the opposite side of the fulcrum or shaft h*.
Both these projections h³, act, the one on one, the other on the other end of a
two armed bracket 8 secured to the pokers or rods h, (there are several in each
frame) sliding up and down in the framing parts b and b¹.
, is one of the brackets which are secured at the upper ends of the rods h,
to carry the shaft
for the thread guide wire arms arranged as explained in the
aforesaid specification No. 2970 A.D. 1886.
6x is the roller beam, b', a bracket, h, the fulcrum of the counter balance
weight lever h³.
h is a counter balance weight on an arm from the shaft *.
It will now be seen that when the end of the lever acting on the rod c³ is
in its lowest position as when winding the yarn or thread on the bottom of the
bobbin or spool the projection on the short arm of the lever 3 acts upon the
short arm of the bracket 8 but as the thread is built higher and higher upon
the bobbin or spool that projection ceases to act upon the short arm and the
other projection h on the long arm of h³ then acts upon the long arm of h³ to
operate the rod or poker has required. Fig. 4 is a detached elevation and shows
a bracket one of which is applied to the upper end of each poker h (in place of
the bracket ) when it is desired to use the wood hinged boards for the thread
guide wires, in place of the metal arms constructed and arranged as described in
the said specification No. 2970-1888.
Each bracket has a joint to which a plate is hinged to which the wood
board is secured by screws, the board is shown in full line as when spinning
and in dotted line as when partly turned upon its hinge.

page_text: The drawings illustrating the second part of the invention will be next described.
Fig. 5, figs. 6 and 7, figs. 8, 9 and 10, figs. 11, 12 and 13, figs. 14, 15, 16, 17
and 18, fig. 19, fig. 20, fig. 21, fig. 22 and figs. 23 and 24, illustrate different modi-
fications of spindles for ring frames. Figs. 5, 6, 8, 11, 14, 19, 20, 21, 22, and 23
are sectional elevations of each modification of spindle and the other figures 7, 9, 10,
12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 24 are detached views hereinafter referred to.
In the modification shown by fig. 5, d, is the spindle d', the holder which has
a collar dupon it and is screw threaded for a screw nut d³ by which the holder
is secured when adjusted in the hole in the spindle rail.
d, is the warf secured upon the spindle; d, a metal hoop secured on the warf
which forms a cone annular cup for receiving and driving the taper end of the
bobbin or spool; dx, is the wire hook screwed into the collar d² to keep the warf
and thus the spindle from lifting.
d, is the socket fitting within the holder, at its lower end there is an enlarged
head d and in one side there is a pin e', the projecting end of which can pass
into a slot in the lower end of the holder d' which is a bayonet fixing slot e,
as shown best in fig. 6-so that the socket d can be readily withdrawn and
replaced and secured in the holder.
Within the socket d there is a parallel bush within which there is a parallel
thin bush holder bearing made by preference of sheet nickel bent to the cylindrical
form leaving a diagonal space or slit longitudinally.
It will be seen that the holder
extends within the warf 8 the socket d¹ to
the top of the holder d¹ and the bolster bearing bush above the bush 1 but
below the top of the socket d thus lubricant thrown off above the bolster bearing f
can flow to the lower part of the bearing there being grooves in the sides of the
bush to allow the oil to descend and circulate.
The bolster bearing f being cylindrical can be reversed when worn at the
upper end.
Fig. 6 illustrates a spindle similar to that shown by fig. 5 except that there is
no separate bolster bearing fas in fig. 5.
The socket where it forins the bolster bearing is formed with vertical or diagonal
grooves, (see the cross section fig. 7 through the bolster bearing part of the socket)
so that the lubricant ascending to the upper part of the bolster bearing can descend
these grooves and keep the frictional surfaces lubricated.
Fig. 8 represents another modification of spindle similar to that shown by fig. 5
with the following exceptions.
The tops of the holder and socket dare closed at the upper ends except
that there is a hole large enough to allow the spindle to pass through and work
freely.
That part of the socket opposite the bolster
one or more vertical grooves 2 (see the cross
which there is a nickel metal bolster bush ƒ
shorter.
hearing is solid but is made with
section of the socket fig. 10) in
same as that shown in fig. 5 but
The lower end of the socket d' is reduced in diameter and has a helical spring k and
loose collar, d placed upon it.
One end of the spring k rests against the end of the collar d the other against a
shoulder formed upon the socket d as shown.
The loose collar or tube has a pin or projection e¹ on one side which fits and
enters a bayonet fixing slot e, as shown in fig. 6. In a groove on the exterior of the
lower end of the socket d an elastic ring is forced on and clips the groove which
keeps the collar or tube d from falling off the end of the socket when it is
withdrawn from the holder d-In this modification the spring k acts to force the
upper end of the socket d' against the closed end of the holder d.
In place of the bayonet fixing slot e, being formed open in the longitudinal direction
as in fig. 6 it may be made with an internal groove which does not come through
the shell of the lower part of the holder d' as shown in the detached fig. 9.

page_text: In this modification the socket 4 is or may be allowed to rotate slowly and the
spring will act to put friction upon it to prevent a too rapid rotation.
Fig. 11 illustrates another modification which is somewhat similar to that shown by
fig. 8 with the following exceptions.
There is a collar d² on the holder d¹ the end view of which is shown by fig. 13 and
this collar comes under the spindle rail the holder d being secured in the rail by a
screw nut or ring d³ with notches in it to rotate it by (see detached end view of the
screw shown by fig. 12).
There is a projection formed on the lower part of the holder d*, in which a hole
is formed parallel to the axis of the spindle d-The lower end of this hole is closed by
a bush e secured in the hole by pins or in any other convenient manner, and through
the bush e the stem of a hook e can slide freely, the upper end of the stem having a
collar e secured to it by a pin or otherwise. Between the bush e² and collar e¹ there
is an helical spring k which thus acts to lift the hook upwards, the hook end
comes into a shallow hole in the end of the socket d and the spring & thus acts to
keep the socket in its place and hold its upper end pressed against the closed end of
the holder d' thus permitting the socket d to rotate slowly.
By pulling down the hook and turning it to one side, the socket d can be
readily withdrawn and replaced.
There is or may be a separate piece in the socket d to form the footstep bearing
for the spindle.
Fig. 14 is somewhat similar to the modification shown by fig. 8 with the following
exceptions.
The upper ends of the holder d' and socket are not closed.
A collar or other similar surface e free to rotate is secured to the lower end of the
socket by a screw e as shown in figs. 14, 16, 17 and 18 or by a pin as shown in
fig. 15.
There is a tube d5 with a projection e¹ on the lower end of the socket d' as in fig. 8
and the flanged end of this tube d³ forms a surface to resist the thrust of the spring k
and act as a frictional surface to prevent a too rapid rotation of the socket when it is
to be allowed to rotate.
When arranged as shown in fig. 16 there is a washer of leather or other similar
suitable material between the flange and the head upon the tube d³.
In fig. 18 the lower end of the tube d has an internal cone formed in it, and the
head of the screw e is coned to fit it as shown.
In fig. 17 the socket is not intended to rotate, as there are teeth formed as
shown to prevent this, but by pulling down the socket d and turning it slightly round,
the frictional surfaces can be changed in position in relation to the spindle.
Fig. 19 shows a modification similar to fig. 5 with the following exceptions.
The socket is bored out to receive a footstep part 3 reduced at its lower end to
receive a helical spring that comes against a shoulder on the footstep part at its
upper end and against the bottom of the hole in the socket d' at its lower end, but the
spring is not in compression when the footstep is in its working position except to
the extent imparted by the weight of the spindle and parts upon it
There is a bolster bush secured by the bush inserted with sufficient tightness to
retain itself in the socket, this bush having vertical grooves in it as hereinbefore
explained in reference to fig. 5.
Fig. 20 shows another modification of spindle somewhat similar to fig. 8'but
with the following exceptions.
There is a tube d closed at its lower end that fits to slide freely on the lower
part of the socket d being connected therewith by a cross pin e, that passes through
a slot in the socket which thus permits some longitudinal movement therein.
Between the upper end of the tube d³ and a shoulder on the socket d' there is an
helical spring that forces the upper end of the socket d against the closed upper
end of the holder d' as shown. is a spring clip with a pin e rivetted in each prong
which pins can be sprung into holes in the side of the holder as shown. The

page_text: middle part of the spring clip has a cone centre pin e rivetted in it which enters a centre
hole in the closed end of the tube and thus holds the latter and the socket d¹ in
the holder ¹.
By swivelling the spring clip e' on the pivots to one side the socket * can be
readily withdrawn or replaced.
The socket d', tube ds and spring k can all slowly rotate together.
Fig. 21 shows another modification of spindle similar to that shown by fig. 8 except
that the upper end of the socket is not closed as in fig. 8-The neck of the
holder d¹ is short at the upper end and does not enter the sleeve of the warf but
the socket d enters it and it has an external shoulder as shown which comes against
an internal shoulder formed at the upper end of the holder d'and the spring & forces
the socket upwards until these shoulders come in contact as shown, A¹ is a ring
having the same object as that shown in fig. 8.
Fig. 22 shows one modification and fig. 23 another, which are each somewhat
similar to that shown by fig. 6 with the following exceptions.
The socket is formed in an upper part d' and lower part ds, the latter has the pin e'
for the bayonet fixing slot and its upper end is formed as shown in fig. 23 with a
recessed or undercut hole to fit the head formed on the lower end of the upper
part of the socket d-The head l, is not entirely circular but has two flat sides and
the hole in the upper end of the part is cut away on one side to admit the head 1,
which then comes under the undercut part of the hole in the part d³ and this the two
parts and d³ of the socket are connected while within the holder d. There is a
similar arrangement shown in fig. 22 but in this case the head part is upon the lower
part of the socket d³ and the hole for the head l, is formed in the lower end of the
upper part of the socket d'.
The upper part of the socket both in modifications figs. 22 and 23 is the
same as described with the exceptions mentioned and fig. 24 shows an outside
elevation of the upper part of the socket detached having its lower end like that
shown in fig. 23.
There is a groove l' formed on the exterior of the socket for the end of a pin to
enter, which pin is secured in a hole in the side of the holder d' and its end enters
this slot to prevent the socket d' from rotating.
Figs. 25 is a sectional elevation and fig. 26 a cross sectional view illustrating
the third part of the invention for mule spindles. The holder is formed with a
projection m having a hole m¹ which is then cut to pass on to a shaft m² as shown in
fig. 26 and when adjusted to the correct position and angle the holder is secured to
the shaft m² by the set screw m³ so as to grip the shaft.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim as the invention of the late George Bernhardt is,
1. The combination and arrangement of levers (½³) each having two arms one on
each side of the fulcrum or shaft (h) with thread guide wire rod or rods poker or
pokers () or a bracket (3) thereon substantially as and for the purpose herein before
described and illustrated by figs. 1, 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings.
2. The combination of the arrangements hereinbefore described for actuating the
thread guide wire pokers with the thread guide wire mechanism connected with
the shaft (g) described in the aforesaid specification No. 2970-1886 substantially as
herein before described and illustrated by figs. 1, 2 and 3 of the accompanying
drawings.
3. The combination with the mechanism for actuating the thread guide wires
described in the aforesaid specification No. 2970-1886 and illustrated by
figs. 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6, or that modification described in the said specification illus-
trated by figs. 14, 15 and 16, or that modification illustrated by figs. 1, 2
and 3 of the accompanying drawings of hinged wood boards to carry the thread
guide wires when substituted in place of the metal thread guide wire levers

page_text: substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by fig. 4 of the accompanying
drawings.
4. The combinations and arrangements of spindles herein before described and
illustrated by fig. 5, figs. 6 and 7, figs. 8, 9 and 10, figs. 11, 12 and 13, fig. 14, and
its modifications illustrated by figs. 15, 16, 17 and 18, also the modifications illustrated
by fig. 19, fig. 20, fig. 21, fig. 22, and fig. 23 and 24, and the combination and
arrangement of mule spindles herein before described and illustrated by figs. 25 and 26
of the accompanying drawings.