Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 4th May, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 31st Jan, 1896-Accepted, 7th Mar, 1896
I, HUGO FLEMMING, of 160, Hauptstrasse, Kalk, near Cologne, in the German
Empire, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows
This invention relates to improvements in the manufacture or preparation of
amber and copal vainishes
Hitherto it has been necessary in the manufacture of such varnishes to
melt the amber and copal before they could be dissolved in linseed oil and
turpentine
According to my invention I effect the solution of these substances without
previously melting them by the action of chlorhydrins of glycerine, especially
dichlorhydrin C,H,Cl₂HO and epichlorhydrin C, H₂OCI
In carrying my invention into practice I treat the powdered resins with
chlorhy Irins of glycerine, more especially with dichlorhydrin, and epichlorhydrin
at the same time warming or boiling them The solution may be effected under
pressure or in vacuo Lpichlorhydrin gives solutions of lighter colour than
dichloi hydrin
The loss of weight which occurs, in melting the resins, by the escape of volatile
oils is avoided by my solution process
Coats of varnish manufactured from the above described solution retain the
Resin
original lustie, hardness and power of receiving polish of the raw material
chips, turnings of amber and the like, which usually are not of so much value in
the manufacture of varnish as the larger pieces, are rendered of equal value by
my invention The chlorhydrins may be mixed with the alcohol usually
employed in the manufacture of varnish
The following will serve as an example of the proportions of the various
substances and of the modus operandi which I have found to give good results in
practice, uz
-
1 pait of powdered gum kaori is treated with 1 part of dichlorhydrin or
epichlorhydrin and the mixture is allowed to stand for a time 1 part of alcohol
is then added and the mixture is heated until the whole of the gum kaori is
dissolved From 10 to 15 per cent of linseed oil acid or of castor oil is then added
and varnish is obtained which is lighter in colour than the fatty vainishes
hitherto used When spread on wood it forms on the same without the aid of
filling a quickly drying coat which can be pumiced and polished with linseed oil
Dated the 4th Jay of May 1895
G F REDFERN & Co,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Varnish
I, HUGO FLEMMING, of 165, Hauptstrasse, Kalk, near Cologne, in the German
Empire, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manne!
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement
-
This invention relates to improvements in the manufacture or preparation of
ambo and copal varnishes
Hitherto it has been necessary in the manufacture of such varnishes to
melt the amber and copal before they could be dissolved in linseed oil and
turpentine
According to my invention I effect the solution of these substances without
previously melting them by the action of chlorhydrins of glycerine, especially
dichlorhydrin C,H,Cl₂HO and epichlorhydrin C₂H,OCI
In carrying my invention into practice I treat the powdered and died resins
with chloihydrins of glycerine, more especially with dichlorhydrin and
epichlorhydrin at the same time warming or boiling them Gum kaori and softer
resins are dissolved without being warmed The solution may be effected under
pressure or in vacuo Epichlorhyding ves solutions of a lighter colour than
dichlorhydrin
1 he loss of weight which occurs, in melting the resins, by the escape of volatile
oils is avoided by my solution process
Coats of varnish manufactured from the above described solution retain the
original lustre, hardness and power of receiving polish of the raw material Resin
chips, turnings of amber and the like, which usually are not of so much value in
the manufacture of varnish as the larger pieces, are rendered of equal value by my
invention The chlorhydrins may be mixed with the alcohol usually employed in
the manufacture of varnish as well as with coal-tar-benzene and benzol
Varnish prepared from chlorhydrın and spirit cannot be mixed with linseed oil
because the latter is, as is well known, insoluble in alcohol Linseed oil acid or
castor oil may, however, be added up to 20% in amount As, however, the
chlot hydın-spirit varnish still contains considerable quantities of resin oils, which
in melting would be lost, it has quite sufficient fatty matter, particularly if linseed
oil acid or castor oil is added
Linseed oil is soluble in dichlorhydrin It is, however, not possible to mix
linseed oil in every proportion with solutions of copal in dichlorhydrin Experiment
has shown that a varnish composed of 100 parts of copal and 300 parts of
dichlorhydrin could be mixed with 130 parts of linseed oil Such a varnish is
very thick and to thin it turpentine can only be added in small quantity as it is
soluble in dichlorhydrin in the proportion of one to four
In manufacturing my improved varnish I proceed as follows -1 part of powdered
and died gum kaori is treated with 1 part of dichlorhydrin or epichlorhydın
The mixture is allowed to stand for some time and 2 parts of alcohol are then
added and the mixture is warmed until the solid constituent is fully dissolved
10 to 15 per cent of linseed oil acid is then added forming a vainish which is
lighter than the fatty varnishes hitherto known When spread on wood, which
has hitherto been treated with quick drying linseed oil varnish and a little gypsum,
starch or chalk for filling the pores, the above described varnish supplies a quickly
drying layer which can be pumiced and polished with linseed oil
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
-
In the manufacture of varnish the employment of chlorhydrins of glycerine,

page_text: especially dichlorhydrin and epichlorhydrin for dissolving the amber and the
copal
2 The manufacture and use of the solution of amber and copal in chlorhydrins
of glycerine, as hereinbefore described
D11
1000
G F REDFERN & Co,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant