IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ELASTIC RIBS, STICKS, AND FILLETS, USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS, AND VARIOUS OTHER ARTICLES, IN SUBSTITUTION OF WHALEBONE AND STEEL HERETOPORE EMPLOYED
Year: 1852

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME I, MOSES
POOLE, of Scarle Street, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by
Her Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-
seventh day of November, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the
sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Moses Poole, my exors, admors, and assigns,
Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said
Moses Poole, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Moses Poole, my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ELASTIC RIBS, STICKS, AND FILLETS, USED IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS, AND VARIOUS OTHER ARTICLES,
IN SUBSTITUTION OF WHALEBONE AND STEEL HERETOPORE EMPLOYED," commu-
nicated to me by Mr. Goodyear, of America; in which said Letters Patent is
contained a proviso that I, the said Moses Poole, should, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six

page_text: calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Moses Poole, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:
The Invention consists of making parts of umbrellas and parasols, also
whips, sticks, and the elastic springs of corsets and other parts of dresses, and
other articles, by employing a composition, such as is described in a former
Patent, taken out in this country in the name of Mr. Newton, and on behalf
of Mr. Goodyear, in One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, consisting of
india rubber (and combined or not with other matters) and sulphur, heated to
a high degree of temperature, producing an elastic horn-like substance, which
being made into like forms or shapes to those heretofore made of whalebone
or steel, may be employed in the class of manufactures mentioned.
And in order that the Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means practised by the
Inventor. The composition employed for making the several parts of the
articles of manufacture above mentioned consists of, as nearly as may be, of two
parts by weight of india rubber (caoutchouc), and one part by weight of
sulphur; and although foreign matters may be used in the compound, parti-
cularly in the sticks of umbrellas and parasols, and the handles of whips, where
so much flexibility and elasticity are not required; but it is believed that
foreign matters employed in such compound tend to reduce the elasticity
which results from the use of india rubber and sulphur alone. The matters
are to be very intimately blended by masticating or kneading, and when to be
used for the sticks of umbrellas or parasols, or for the handles of whips, the
same may be solid or hollow, and if hollow, the same are most conveniently
made from the compound rolled into a sheet, and cemented into a tubular form,
before subjecting the same to the process of heat to produce the change
necessary for converting the compound into the elastic condition desired. Or
if the sticks of umbrellas and parasols and handles of whips are intended to be
solid, then a sheet of the desired thickness of the compound may be first sub-
jected to heat, and changed into the desired character of substance, which may
then be cut into fillets of the desired length, and which may afterwards be cut
or rasped into the desired cylindrical or tapering forms required. In making
the ribs of umbrellas and parasols, sheets of the composition are first rolled out
and subjected to heat to convert them into the hard elastic substances before

page_text: mentioned, and then narrow fillets are to be cut off and shaped into the desired
form for the intended strips, fillets, or ribs, and offering a greater or less
substance and elastic force, according as they are to be used in parasols or for
larger or smaller umbrellas or other uses, and such ribs may be scraped and
polished according as it is desired to give more or less finish to such articles.
In making springs for corsets or for dresses, or for other articles, it is preferred
to form the compound into sheets of a thickness depending on the substance
and strength desired to be given to the springs to be cut therefrom, and having
subjected the sheets to the process of heat, to convert the same into the desired
hard clastic substance; the forms of the springs required are then to be cut
and shaped as if whalebone were being used. And it should be stated, that in
cases of "busks," and other shaped springs, whether for corsets or dresses, or
other uses, where it is desired that the normal state of the spring should be
other than flat, the sheets of the composition are to be cut before being sub-
jected to heat, and the portion suitable for a spring or springs should then be
placed between metal (or other surfaces which will transmit the heat) of the
shape desired, so that the composition may be held to the desired form when
undergoing the process of heat to convert the compound into the hard and
elastic state necessary to render it suitable for springs. In order to obtain the
best elastic property to the compound above mentioned, it is found that the
articles above described should be subjected to heat for about six hours, such
heat being raised slowly up to two hundred and thirty degrees of Fahrenheit,
say, in about half an hour, and then not encreased for about one and a half
hours, and then raised gradually during the remainder of the six hours up to
two hundred and ninety-five degrees, or three hundred and five degrees; this
heat may be applied in any convenient manner. It is found convenient in
thus subjecting sheets of the compound to heat, to place each of them between
two sheets of iron or of glass, and to immerse them in an oil bath, and lard oil,
so far as experience goes, appears to be the best oil for this purpose. Sheets
thus prepared may, when heated to about 210° of Fabrenheit, be rolled
between smooth hard rolls and by such means extended, and the same at about
such heat may be shaped by pressing in dies, and, when desired, such dies may
may be engraved, and they will produce impressions on the materials.
Having thus described the nature of the Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine the
Invention to the precise details as herein-described; but what I claim is
the manufacture of elastic ribs, sticks, and fillets used in the manufacture
of umbrellas and parasols, and various other articles (in substitution of whale-
bone and steel heretofore employed), from hard and elastic substances pro-