IMPROVEMENTS IN FLUID INJECTORS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Hall, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FLUID INJECTORS."
Sealed the 26th July 1878, in pursuance of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, and
dated the 4th January 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Hall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th January 1878.
JOSEPH HALL, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
FLUID INJECTORS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
The object of this Invention is to simplify and improve the construction of fluid
injectors.
For this purpose I dispense with the ordinary interior regulating spindle, and the
ordinary means for regulating the steam nozzle relatively to the opposite or
receiving orifice or passage, and I immerse the injector in the water of the supply
In the former case I pierce
cistern, or I place it at or below the level of the same.
the body of the injector with holes for admitting the water to the interior cham-
bered out part of the body of the injector, and in the latter case I connect the
injector with the water supply cistern by a pipe.
The steam nozzle I place immediately in front of the orifice part, which rises
into the chamber, and is made in one piece or tube with the receiver; this tube I
pierce with, say two or three holes at or near the middle of its length, and at this
part I chamber out the body of the injector and form it with an outlet fitted with
an automatic vacuum valve, by preference an india-rubber ball.
The object of the holes and the valve is to get rid of the air and enable a vacuum
to be created when starting.
The steam nozzle I insert into the hollow body of the injector, and hold it in

page_text: place by a union nut screwed on the outside of the body, and pressing on a collar
on the nozzle, and I fit a back nut on the outer screwed end of the nozzle for facili-
tating the regulating of the nozzle by screwing the union nut with nozzle and back
nut up or down, as required, according to the pressure of the steam in the boiler.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Joseph Hall in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 26th July
1878.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
JOSEPH HALL, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
FLUID INJECTORS."
The object of this Invention is to simplify and improve the construction of fluid
injectors.
For this purpose I dispense with the ordinary interior regulating spindle and
the ordinary means for regulating the steam nozzle relatively to the opposite or
receiving orifice or passago, and I immerse the injector in the water of the supply
cistern, or I place it at or below the level of the same. In the former case I pierce
the body of the injector with holes for admitting the water to the interior cham-
bered out part of the body of the injector, and in the latter case I connect the
injector with the water supply cistern by a pipe.
The steam nozzle I place immediately in front of the orifice part which rises
into the chamber, and is made in one piece or tube with the receiver, this tube I
pierce with say two or three holes at or near the middle of its length, and at this
part I chamber out the body of the injector and form it with an outlet fitted with
an automatic vacuum valve, by preference an india-rubber ball.
The object of the holes and the valve is to get rid of the air and enable a vacuum
to be created when starting.
The steam nozzle I insert into the hollow body of the injector and hold it in
place by a union nut screwed on the outside of the body, and pressing on a collar
on the nozzle, and I fit a back nut on the outer screwed end of the nozzle for
facilitating the regulating of the nozzle by screwing the union nut with nozzle and
back nut up or down, as required, according to the pressure of the steam in the
boiler.
And in order that this Invention may be more fully understood, I will now
proceed to describe the same with reference to the accompanying Drawings, in which
Figure 1 is a section through an apparatus made according to this my Invention;
and Figure 2, a section through another apparatus made according to this
Invention.
For the sake of clearness, parts which really fit closely are, in the Drawings, shown
with clearance spaces between.
Referring to Figure 1, A is the body of the injector, cored out as shown; B is the
steam regulating nozzle, connected by socket or union with the steam supply pipe ;
the nozzle B terminates immediately opposite or in the mouth of the tube C, G,

page_text: which takes the place of or combines in one the receiver and the ordinary orifice or
coned passage leading to the receiver; this tube rises into the water chamber H, and
is, at or near the middle of its length, pierced with one or more holes g, communi-
cating with a chambered out part F, which is fitted with an automatic vacuum
valve E, say in the form of an india-rubber ball; e, e, are one or more small pas-
sages formed in the screwed cap K, and leading to the atmosphere.
The steam nozzle B is held in its place in the body A of the injector by means of
the union nut or regulator b, screwed on the outside of the body A, and pressing
on a collar formed on the outside of the nozzle B; b¹ is a back nut on the outer
screwed end of the nozzle B, the regulator nut b serves to regulate the nozzle by
screwing the nozzle with its two nuts up or down, as required, according to the
pressure of steam in the boiler to be supplied with water by means of the apparatus,
and that obviously without disconnecting the injector at all. Instead of the lock
nut b¹ the regulating nozzle B may be fitted with one or more pegs or equivalent
means for taking hold of it by means of a spanner for regulating the nozzle as
required.
D is the water supply opening connected to the water in the cistern; the
injector is chiefly intended for working immersed in the water in the supply
cistern itself, the body of the injector may be pierced at the chamber part H, with
holes for admitting the water instead of having a water inlet shank D.
In Figure 2 the regulating steam nozzle B is formed with a solid stem or
regulator B at one end; this stem passes out through a stuffing box and gland,
and is formed with a square for a spanner or key for facility for turning it so as to
adjust the nozzle B, according to the pressure of steam in the boiler, to be supplied
with water by means of the apparatus, and that obviously without at all discon-
necting the apparatus; the stem is screwed and the body of the injector forms the
nut for it. The nozzle B communicates with a chamber I by means of one or more
openings i, and this chamber is connected to the steam supply pipes. The appa-
ratus is in other respects like that described with reference to Figure 1, only that
the receiver tube G, C, is chambered out where it is pierced for communication
with the chamber F.
The action of the injectors described is as follows:-Steam being admitted from
the steam pipe by the nozzle B it will first displace the air and water contained in
the apparatus, and expel the air, together with some water, through the holes g by
the vacuum valve E and holes e, on partially condensing by contact with the water
from the cistern, which enters into the chamber H, a partial vacuum will be
created in the chamber H and tube C, G, (which rises into a solid body of water in
the chamber H), whereby the water is induced and commingles with the steam in
the ordinary manner, the steam while condensing imparting its speed and impetus
to the water, and the combined water jet entering the boiler or other place to be
supplied with water.
The vacuum valve E closes automatically immediately the partial vacuum has
been created, and reinains closed, as there is always a partial vacuum in the chamber
F so long as the injector is at work. This form of injector is chiefly intended for
being supplied by a head of water from a cistern.
Injectors constructed as described are more particularly applicable to locomotives
and other moving engines or bodies. When these injectors are applied to stationary
bodies the vacuum valve E is not required, and water will or may therefore be
drawn in at this place also during the regular working of the apparatus.
These injectors are also suitable for water lifting and forcing purposes in
general.
And having thus described and ascertained the nature of this Invention, I declare
that I claim,-
Firstly. The special construction and mode of application of the receiving tube
for injectors working immersed in, or otherwise communicating with, a head of
water supply, as represented and described.

page_text: Secondly. The application of a regulating steam nozzle for injectors working
immersed in or otherwise communicating with a head of water supply, as set
forth.
Thirdly. The application of a vacuum chamber with or without an automatic
vacuum valve to injectors constructed and operating in the manner represented and
described.
Fourthly. The regulating steam nozzle, in combination with the receiving tube
and the vacuum chamber, all arranged in an injector body formed substantially as
Bet forth.
Fifthly. The application of injectors constructed in the manner represented and
described for working immersed in or otherwise communicating with a head of
water supply.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Hall have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
זזתTAN
TTTT