Improvements in Deep Boring Apparatus.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 17th May, 1899-Accepted, 30th Sept., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Deep Boring Apparatus.
I, ANTON RAKY, of Erkelenz, in the Province of the Rhine, German Empire,
Engineer and Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
The present invention relates to an improvement in boring apparatus, more.
especially to a counterbalancing mechanism for rotating boring rods.
In the counterbalancing mechanisms hitherto employed for rotating boring
rods generally a counterweight was connected to the rope or beam carrying the
boring rod. In these constructions the rope was fixed to the boring rod and
was led over a roller arranged in the boring tower to the counterweight, which
could move freely within a slide arranged on the boring tower. In these
arrangements the boring rods could only effect slight movements and very often
had to be brought out of action for a long time, when the counterbalancing
weight was to be regulated. Generally the boring rod after having bored a
hole of about Im. depth, had to be stopped and the counterweight had to be
regulated.
The advantage of my invention is that depths of great dimensions can be
bored continuously, the regulation of the counterweight being effected during
the operation of the apparatus.
In order to make my invention more clear, I have represented schematically
three methods of carrying into practice in the accompanying drawings.
The counterweight is suspended between two cylinders k and t. The
cylinder is connected with a boring rod a. Upon the second cylinder the
rope is wound in length corresponding to the depth of the hole to be bored
(generally corresponding to the length of a boring-rod). The cylinder can
be rotated by means of worm gearing so as to bring down again the weight g
when it has attained its highest position and for the purpose of allowing a
corresponding length of rope to be unwound. Thus the rotating boring rod
can descend more and more, as long as rope is wound upon the roller 7. When
this rope is unwound completely, the boring apparatus must be stopped. Then
the cylinder k has to be uncoupled from the cylinder f in the manner usually
employed and the apparatus is brought back to its original position by winding
the rope from k back to 1.
A special rotating mechanism is provided for the cylinder f taking up the
rope d carrying the boring-rod. By this device the cylinder may be turned in
one or the other direction, such as to increase or weaken the action of the counter-
balancing weight. This arrangement is clearly represented in Figure 1 of the
accompanying drawings.
The boring rod a is supported rotatably within a frame b. The rotating
motion is given from the engine and transmitted to the boring rod by means
of a gearing of conical wheels c. A rope running over the roller e arranged
in the boring tower carries at its one extremity the boring rod and at the other
is wound upon a evlinder £.

page_text: The counterweight is suspended on a roller g₁ of the rope h. This rope h
is conducted over two rollers i and fixed to the frame of the boring apparatus
and at the one side leads to a cylinder and at the other side to a cylinder 1.
In this arrangement the rope h is not wound directly upon the cylinder carrying
the rope of the boring rod, but the two cylinders taking up the carrier rope
for the boring rod and the rope to which is suspended the counterweight are
brought into connection by an intermediate wheel m; this intercalating of an
intermediate wheel offers the great advantage, that the counterbalancing of the
weight of the boring rods being comparatively great in a certain depth, can
be effected very easily. The cylinder supporting the rope h to be unwound
can be fixed by means of a worm-wheel or can be rotated by the same. Also
the cylinder can be rotated in both directions by means of a hand-wheel p
connected to the cylinder k by an endless chain w. The operation of this apparatus
is the following:
Supposing the weight of the boring-rod in a certain depth to be 2000 kg.,
and the proportion of transmission of m from k to f 1:20: then (neglecting
friction), the counterweight suspended on two sides only has to amount to 200 kg.
in order to be equal to the weight of the boring rod. By altering the effect
of the counterweight the operator is enabled to lower the borer by its own
weight, at the same time the pressure which the borer exerts upon the rock
can be regulated at will. If now the counterweight is in its lowest position,
and the boring mechanism is actuated, the boring rod will descend slowly and
the rope will be unwound from the cylinder f. Thereby the cylinder k is
rotated so that the rope is wound up and the counterbalancing weight rises.
After the counterbalancing weight has attained its highest position, it must
be brought back again into its original position by rotation of the cylinder 1,
as before described. This rotation of the cylinder is effected by the worm-
wheel n.
The pressure of the boring rod upon the rock can be regulated by
means of the endless chain we moved by the hand-wheel
P.
It very often happens that the borer suddenly meets a hard piece of rock so
that a great pressure is necessary to attain a good boring effect. Such hard
pieces of rock generally being only small, it is inadvantageous, to modify the
pressure of the borer by modification of the counterweight.
In such cases the effect of the counterweight can be weakened or lessened by
the hand-wheel p in increasing (by means of the intermediate-wheel m) the
pressure of the boring-rod. It is quite evident that in the contrary event, i.c.
when the boring rod meets softer pieces of rock, the effect of the counterweight
can be increased and the pressure of the boring rod will be weakened.
Figure 2 represents a modified arrangement of my invention. The general
arrangement, the operation and the effect of this apparatus is the same as repre-
sented in Figure 1; a difference only consists in the special arrangement of the
rope carrying the counterweight. Whilst in Figure 1 the rope h is wound
upon special cylinders k and 1, in this construction the cylinders are replaced
by simple discs. The rope is endless and runs from the disc k coupled to the
cylinder over the roller i to the carrier roller g' of the counterweight, from there
it is conducted over the roller to the disc fixed or rotated by the worm wheel
gearing n. A guide roller q presses the rope h against the disc and leads
the same downwards and to a roller v, so that a loop h¹ is formed between these
rollers. The effect is accurately the same as described in Figure 1. In the
position represented in Fig. 2 of the accompanying drawing, the counterbalancing
weight is lifted when the boring rod descends deeper into the hole and during
this operation the loop h¹ will be increased.
When now the weight g has attained its highest position, the disc Z is rotated
in the direction of the arrow, whereby the loop his shortened and the counter-
weight is brought down again, so that the disc can continue the lifting of
the apparatus.
A third arrangement is represented in Fig. 3 of the accompanying drawing.

page_text: This drawing represents. the counterbalancing weight carried by an endless
chain essentially being similar to that represented in Fig. 2. The difference in
this figure is that the boring rod is not suspended on a rope but the same is
kept movable in vertical direction by means of a rack. This rack is connected to
the counterweight, so that the descending motion effected by the own weight
of the rods can be regulated by the counterbalancing weight. The mechanism
for moving or stopping the boring rod consists of two racks r r rigidly connected
to a socket s surrounding the boring rod. This socket s is fixed to the boring
rod by suitable devices so as to prevent a longitudinal displacement of the
racks with respect to the boring rod a, and at the same time to allow a
rotation of the boring-rod. Toothed wheels are located on the frame of the
boring apparatus and engage with the racks. On the axles of these toothed
wheels toothed wheels of greater diameter u and u are arranged engaging
the one with the other so that the movement of both racks is effected in an equal
manner.
The drawing represents a wheel o adapted to move within a slide o². On the axle
of this wheel a roller o is arranged, over which roller is conducted the endless
chain h. According to its position, the toothed wheel o engages with the left
wheel u so that the descent of the boring rod effects the lifting of the counter-
balancing weight.
When the wheels have reached the extremity of the racks, the boring
mechanism must be brought out of action in order to enable the operator to bring
the racks back to their original position. For this purpose the sockets is dis-
connected from the boring rod and the weight of the counterweight will effect
an automatic rising of the racks. As soon as the latter have reached again their
highest position, the socket s is reconnected to the boring rod, and the boring
process can recommence. Evidently special winding mechanisms could be pro-
vided for lifting these racks.
With respect to the beforedescribed constructions, the construction according
to Figure 3 seems to offer the drawback, that the boring rod often must be
brought out of action during the boring process in order to allow the racks to
be brought back to their original position. In reality this is not a disadvantage,
because the racks can be as long as the boring rods and then the mechanism
only has to be brought out of action when a new boring rod has to be inter-
calated.
Owing to the alternating engagement of the wheel o with the toothed
wheels u u¹, the weight can be employed during the boring process for counter-
balancing the weight, as well as for giving a greater weight to the same.
The
In the position represented in the drawing, in which o engages with the left
wheel u, the boring rod is counterbalanced. When o is brought into connection
with the toothed wheel a the weight of y increases the weight of the boring
rod. This fact is advantageous when the borer meets hard pieces of rock.
hand wheel intercalated in the endless chain & serves, as described in Figures 1
&2, directly to increase or to weaken the effect of the counterbalancing weight.
Evidently the arrangement as represented in Figure 3, can be modified greatly
in construction, but my invention is to arrange the counterbalancing weight so
as to be regulable.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. In a counterbalancing mechanism for rotating boring rods in apparatus
for deep borings, the combination of a cylinder f taking up the free extremity
of the carrier rope with a counterbalancing, weight 9 suspended
a горе h running over cylinders and 1, means to connect the
cylinder to the cylinder f, means to rotate the cylinder and to fix the same,
on

page_text: an endless chain w led over the cylinder k, a hand-wheel p for giving motion
to the chain w for the purpose and substantially as described.
2. In a counterbalancing mechanism for rotating boring-rods in apparatus
for deep borings, the combination with a counterbalancing weight acting upon
racks changeably connected with the boring-rod, a toothed wheel o engaging
with toothed wheels u u¹, racks r 1 engaging with the toothed wheels t t¹,
connected to the wheels u u¹ and a sockets surrounding the boring rod and
changeably connected with the racks r³, for the purpose and substantially as
described.
Dated this 17th day of May 1899.
GEO. H. RAYNER,
37, Chancery Lane, London, Agent for the Applicant.