IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES AND KITCHEN RANGES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Russell, of Derby, in the County of
Derby, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES AND KITCHEN
RANGES."
Sealed the 29th May 1874, and dated the 2nd December 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Russell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd December 1873.
I, ROBERT RUSSELL, of Derby, in the County of Derby, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES AND
KITCHEN RANGES," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist first in preventing the radiation of heat
from the back of iron or other metal plates, so as to concentrate a
greater amount of radiated or reflected heat from that surface of such
plates which is in contact with the fire. To accomplish this I fit to the
back of such plates one or more other metal plates, leaving a hollow
space between each of the said plates. The said hollow space may be
filled with sand or other substance, I apply this principle to either

page_text: bevelled or flat surfaces intended for the radiation or reflection of heat as
applied to stoves or kitchen ranges.
My improvements further consist in applying a corrugated or grooved
bottom to the grates of either open or closed fire-places or kitchen ranges.
The said bottom may be described as a grooved metal plate, and may or
may not be furnished with a series of holes of circular or other form,
the grooves in the said plate forming channels for the circulation of air
to support combustion. I also combine with the said bottom a corrugated
back to be used-separately- for the construction of existing fire-places.
This back and, bottom form one casting, and the principle may be
applied to fire-brick bottoms in lieu of metal, as applied to "register
stove grates.
"
My improvements consist further in a simple method of heating and
distributing air from outside the building to support combustion.
I construct an air duct of iron or other suitable material, extending
along the lower portion of the stove, the said duct having an opening
behind the grate for the admission of the external air, the said air, after.
passing through said duct, and having been heated by impinging, against
the hot sides and back of the grate, escaping into the room through
apertures formed in the side cheeks of the stove. The said apertures
are provided with slide valves or other means for regulating or entirely
stopping the current of air.
My improvements consist lastly in constructing a stove or fire-place
on the reveboratory principle. I employ a plain or corrugated brick
back, the corrugations in the said back being continuous with those
of the bottom of the grate. I place the said back at an acute angle with
the bottom of the grate in order that the said back may radiate the heat
towards the floor of the apartment.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Russell in the Great Seal Patent Office on 3
the 30th May 1874.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of December, in the year
of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her' reign, did, for 'Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me; the said Robert Russell, Her special licence that
I, the said Robert Russell, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Robert Russell, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES AND KITCHEN RANGES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Robert Russell, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Russell, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawing
forming a part of this Specification:-
My improvements consist in preventing the radiation of heat from the
back of, iron or other metal plates, so as to concentrate a greater amount
of radiated or reflected heat from the front of such plates or that surface
which is in contact with the fire. To accomplish this I fit to the back
of such plates one or more other metal plates, leaving a hollow space
between each of the said plates. The air contained in the said hollow
space having no circulation is a bad conductor of heat, and thus prevents
the radiation of heat from the back of the plate which is in contact with
the fire. I apply this principle to either the bevelled or flat surfaces of
stoves and kitchen ranges.
My improvements further consist in applying a corrugated or grooved

page_text: The said bottom may be described as a corrugated or grooved metal
plate, and may or may not be furnished with a series of holes of circular
or other form, the grooves in the said plate forming channels for the
circulation of air to support combustion. I also combine with the said
bottom a corrugated back to be used separately for the construction of
existing fire-places. The back and bottom may form one casting, or
may be cast separately, and the principle may be applied to fire-brick
bottoms in lieu of metal, as applied to "register" fire-grates. The said
bottom may be used separately as a "false" bottom for existing fire-
places. When the said bottom is of fire-brick it is enclosed in a cast-iron
tray, the said tray being perforated at the back, if necessary, to assist
combustion.
My improvements further consist in a simple method of heating and
distributing air from outside the building by utilizing the waste heat
formed at the back of the fire-place. I construct an air duct of iron or
other suitable material, extending around the lower portion of the stove,
the said duct having an opening behind the grate for the admission of
the external air, the supply of air being regulated by a valve operated by
a rod extending to the front of the fire-bars. The air passes through the
said duct, and becomes heated by contact with the hot sides and back of
the grate, and then escapes into the room through apertures in the side
cheeks of the stove, or in the ornamental moulding surrounding the arch
of the stove front. The said apertures may be provided with slide
valves or other means for regulating or entirely stopping the current
of air.
My improvements consist lastly in constructing a back of corrugated
iron or fire-brick, and placing the said back at an acute angle with the
bottom of the fire-place, in order that the said back may radiate the heat
towards the floor of the apartment.

page_text: Like letters indicate like parts in each of the Figures.
The portion A of the stove is formed of double plates a¹, a", as shown
in Figures 2 and 3, the air between the said plates preventing the
radiation of heat from the back of the plate a¹.
B is the corrugated bottom (shown in section, Figure 4), which may
be solid or perforated, as shown in Figure 3. The said bottom may
be of metal or fire-brick, as previously described. When made of fire-
brick it is enclosed in a metal tray C, as shown in Figure 5, which tray
may or may not be perforated at the back to assist combustion.
D is the air duct provided with a valve E for the admission of the
external air, the said valve being opened or closed by means of the rod F.
The air, after passing through the duct D, and impinging against the
sides of the grate, passes into the apartment through the openings G
in the ornamental moulding G¹, as shown in Figure 1. H are openings
communicating with the duct D, so as to allow the colder air near the
floor of the apartment to circulate through the moulding G¹.
The back I, shown in Figure 2, may be a corrugated metal plate, or
be formed of fire-brick. The said back and the bottom B may be in
one piece or separate, as desired, the back I being at an acute angle
with the bottom B, so as to radiate the heat toward the floor of the
apartment.

page_text: Third. The valve E with rod F for the admission of cold air to the
duct D, substantially as shown and described.
In witness whereof, I the said Robert Russell, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
ROBERT RUSSELL. (L.S.)