Improvements in Crushing or Kneading and Mixing Apparates for Soap and other like Material.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Mar., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 28th Nov., 1898-Accepted, 21st Jan., 1899
Improvements in Crushing or Kneading and Mixing Apparates
for Soap and other like Material.
A communication by ANATOLE DES CRESSONNIERES and ERNEST DES CRESSONNIÈRES,
both of 82, Chaussée de Gand, Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Soap
Makers.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, F.C.S., M.I.M.E., of the Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, and 6, Bank Street, Manchester, both
in the County of Lancaster, 118, New Street, Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, and 322, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:--
The crushing or kneading and mixing apparatus which forms the object of the
present invention is designed to subject the soap to an alternate crushing and
mixing treatment in shavings instead of subjecting it to simple crushing by
means of three cylinders, thus enabling an absolute homogeneousness of the paste
to be obtained as regards its composition, and allowing of its being mixed with
colour, whilst preventing waste of soap.
The alternate action of crushing and mixing is obtained by the arrangement
of crushers in couples of two cylinders each provided with a scraping comb and
placed in such a way that the shavings arising from the two coupled cylinders
are intermixed and intermingled for crushing by the next crushing cylinders
and so on up to the last. The number of alternate crushings and mixings may
evidently be made to conform to the nature of the substance to be treated, in
order not to overweight the machine with useless couples as soon as absolute
homogeneousness is obtained, so that for certain substances two couples will
perfectly suffice whilst others require three.
For toilet soap, more particularly, four couples produce absolute homogeneousness
of the paste and a mixture of colour, and therefore a machine with four couples
of rollers will now be more particularly described.
The constructive characteristic of the machine consists in the arrangement of
various couples of cylinders on an inclined plane, thus ensuring the automatic feed
of each successive couple by the preceding couple arranged on a higher level, the
feed being commenced at the highest pair of cylinders so as to avoid any waste
of the material which would take place with a feed from the bottom.
Two standards or lateral frames are firmly connected with one another by
means of cross bars, said standards or frames having upper surfaces inclined to suit
the arrangement of the successive couples of crushing cylinders which have their
trunnions in slide bearings adjustable in suitable slides in the said frames or
upper surfaces by means of screws with adjustable nuts for each of the couples.
Each of the cylinders of each couple is individually provided with a scraper, and
the scrapers of the lower set of cylinders are fixed on bars of square section pivoting
in the frames and capable thus of being placed in such a way as to form a bridge
between two consecutive cylinders to transfer the shavings released from a previous
cvlinder to the next.

page_text: The scrapers are solid combs or scrapers having for their object to radically clean
each of the lower cylinders in such a way as to return into the operation the
slightest particle of material and thus to prevent any possibility of waste.
The bottom of the feed box is mounted in the same manner in order to allow of
its being adapted to any desirable position and is adjustable by means of a screw.
The scrapers of the upper row of cylinders are each fixed against the upper ends
of two arms pivoting also on the frame in such a way as to place themselves
naturally vertically against the cylinders and thus direct downwards the shaving
released. The said upper scrapers are toothed combs and have the teeth arranged
differently, so as to alternately produce wide and narrow shavings and thick and
thin shavings with a view to rendering the mixing perfect. The last or lowest of
the lower scrapers is placed vertically and directs the shavings on to a travelling
band which conveys them to the final operation.
With the object of obtaining a perfect action the cylinders are arranged for
different speeds, that is to say, the second couple revolve more rapidly than the
first couple and the fourth couple more rapidly than the third couple. Moreover
all the cylinders of the upper row revolve more rapidly than the cylinders of the
lower row, thus improving the crushing or kneading and becoming more heavily
charged with material than the lower ones. Of course these speeds are optional
and may be varied at will according to requirements. They are transmitted to the
cylinders in the ordinary manner by means of a series of gearing and intermediate
gearing at the ends of the shafts or trunnions of the cylinders, all being operated
by a fixed pulley and the fly wheel keyed on a driving shaft bearing in a standard
at the one end and in the frame at the other. This driving gearing also actuates
narrower or lighter gear wheels and intermediate gearings which operate the
travelling band.
The working of the crushing or kneading and mixing apparatus will be easily
understood from the preceding. Soap sprinkled with colour is introduced into the
feed box in front of the first and highest couple of cylinders for the first crushing
and is gradually removed from the said cylinders by the upper and lower scrapers.
The shaving rises in a crest in front of the latter and bends over falling down pell
mell in such a way as to mix most intimately the material and the colour by the
.multiple change of position of the shavings carried away with the part disengaged
from the lower cylinder towards the second couple of cylinders where the same
action is repeated in order to produce a more perfect mixing and so on in succession
for each couple until absolute homogeneousness is obtained at the last couple
which deliver the soap to the travelling band which conveys it to the ultimate
operations.
Dated this 1st day of March 1898.
Improvements in Crushing or Kneading and Mixing Apparatus
for Soap and other like Material.
A communication by ANATOLE DES CRESSONNIERES and ERNEST DES CRESSONNIÈRES,
both of 82, Chaussée de Gand, Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Soap
Makers.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, F.C.S., M.I.M.E., of the Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, and 6, Bank Street, Manchester, both

page_text: in the County of Lancaster, 118, New Street, Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, and 322, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The crushing or kneading and mixing apparatus which forms the object of the
present invention is designed to subject the soap to an alternate crushing and
mixing treatment in shavings instead of subjecting it to simple crushing by
means of three cylinders, thus enabling an absolute homogeneousness of the paste
to be obtained as regards its composition, and allowing of its being mixed with
colour, whilst preventing waste of soap.
The alternate action of crushing and mixing is obtained by the arrangement
of crushers in couples of two cylinders each provided with a scraping comb and
placed in such a way that the flakes, chips or shavings arising from the two coupled
cylinders are intermixed and intermingled for crushing by the next crushing
cylinders and so on up to the last. The number of alternate crushings and mixings
may evidently be made to conform to the nature of the substance to be treated,
in order not to overweight the machine with useless couples as soon as absolute
homogeneousness is obtained, so that for certain substances two couples will
perfectly suffice whilst others require three.
For toilet soap, more particularly, four couples produce absolute homogeneousness
of the paste and a mixture of colour, and therefore a machine with four couples
of rollers will now be more particularly described, reference being had to the
accompanying drawings, in which,
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the crushing or kneading and mixing
apparatus; and
Figure 2, a front view.
The constructive characteristic of the machine consists in the arrangement of
various couples of cylinders on an inclined plane, thus ensuring the automatic feed
of each successive couple by the preceding couple arranged on a higher level, the
feed being commenced at the highest pair of cylinders so as to avoid any waste of
the material which would take place with a feed from the bottom.
B are two standards or lateral frames firmly connected with one another by
means of cross bars E and having upper surfaces inclined to suit the arrangement
of the successive couples of crushing cylinders which have their trunnions in slide
bearings adjustable in suitable slides C in the said frames or upper surfaces by
means of screws V with adjustable nuts for each of the couples WR, W2 R2,
W3 R3, WR in which WW are the crushers of the lower row and R-R the
crushers of the upper row of each couple. Each of the cylinders of each couple is
individually provided with a scraper, and the scrapers 01 02 03 0* of the lower
set of cylinders are fixed on bars 1 of square section pivoting in the frames B and
capable thus of being placed in such a way as to form a bridge between two
consecutive cylinders to transfer the shavings released from a previous cylinder to
the next.
The scrapers 01 02 03 04 are scrapers having for their object to radically clean
each of the lower cylinders in such a way as to return into the operation the
slightest particle of material and thus to prevent any possibility of waste.
The bottom 00 of the feed box is mounted in the same manner in order to allow
of its being adapted to any desirable position and is adjustable by means of a
screw The scrapers PP of the upper row of cylinders are each fixed against
the upper ends of two arms F pivoting also on the frame B in such a way as to place
themselves naturally vertically against the cylinders and thus direct downwards the
shaving released. The scrapers P-P are toothed combs and have the teeth
arranged differently, so as to alternately produce wide and arrow shavings and
thick and thin shavings with a view to rendering the mixing perfect. The last (04)
of the lower set of scrapers is placed vertically and directs the shavings on to
a travelling band T which conveys them to the final operation.

page_text: With the object of obtaining a perfect action the cylinders are arranged for
different speeds, that is to say, the couple WR2 revolve more rapidly than the
couple W R¹ and the couple W R more rapidly than the couple W³ R³. More-
over all the cylinders of the upper row revolve more rapidly than the cylinders
of the lower row, thus improving the crushing or kneading and becoming more
heavily charged with material than the lower ones. Of course these speeds are
optional and may be varied at will according to requirements. They are trans-
mitted to the cylinders in the ordinary manner by means of a series of gearing and
intermediate gearing H and I at the ends of the shafts or trunnions of the cylinders,
all being operated by a fixed pulley N and the flywheel M keyed on a driving
shaft A bearing in a standard K at the one end and in the frame 13 at the other.
This driving gearing also actuates narrower or lighter gear wheels and intermediate
gearings L which operate the travelling band T.
The working of the crushing or kneading and mixing apparatus will be easily
understood from the preceding. Soap sprinkled with colour is introduced into
the feed box in front of the first and highest couple of cylinders for the first crush-
ing and is gradually removed from the said cylinders Wand R by the scrapers ()1
and P. The shaving rises in a crest in front of the latter and bends over falling
down pell mell in such a way as to mix most intimately the material and the
colour by the multiple change of position of the shavings carried away with the
part disengaged from the lower cylinder towards the second couple of cylinders
where the same action is repeated in order to produce a more perfect mixing and
so on in succession for each couple until absolute homogeneousness is obtained at
the last couple which deliver the soap to the travelling band T which conveys it to
the ultimate operations.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondents, I declare that what I claim is:
A crushing or kneading and mixing apparatus for soap and like materials,
consisting of a series of crushers arranged on an inclined plane and formed of
successive couples or pairs of cylinders provided with scrapers, said scrapers being
adapted and arranged to automatically transfer from one couple of cylinders to
the next lower couple the mixture of shavings which are intermingled as they are
disengaged and which vary in size at each couple, substantially as and for the
purpose hereinbefore set forth.
Dated this 25th day of November 1898.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Agents.