Improvements in Looms for Weaving Ribbons.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Jan., 1895*
"
Complete Specification Left, 30th Oct., 1895-Accepted, 30th Nov., 1895.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Looms for Weaving Ribbons.
I, JOSE REIXACH, a Managing Director of Lister & Co. Ld., of Manningham
Mills, Bradford, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is partly to construct a power loom for weaving
velvet ribbons face to face and also to construct it in such a way that it may be
used either for weaving velvet ribbons or plain ribbons as desired and to provide
for stopping the loom just before any one of the wefts is completely finished.
The going part or batten is suspended from pivots at its upper end-the lower
part is swung to and fro by the action of a crank on the crank shaft.
For weaving velvet ribbons face to face two series of shuttles are used one above
the other. There may be any desired number of shuttles in each row or series
depending on the number of ribbons it is required to weave in one loom, one shuttle
being used for each ribbon.
The shuttles are of D form as in ordinary ribbon looms and each has a D shaped
hole formed vertically through it across which the bobbin lies parallel with the
straight side of the opening which is at the back. Each shuttle in the upper row
has a row of rack teeth formed on its upper face near to and parallel with the
straight back as in ordinary ribbon looms.
Each shuttle in the under row has the row of rack teeth on its under side.
Pinions situated in the spaces between the ribbons gear into the rack teeth and shift
the shuttles to and fro.
The pinions for traversing the shuttles of the upper row are rotated first in one
direction and then in the opposite direction by a toothed rack moved endwise to
and fro and the pinions in the lower row by another toothed rack.
The racks receive their motion from straps passing over guide pulleys to two
levers worked up and down by cams or tappets at one side of the loom.
In order to stop the loom should the shuttles of either row fail to travel the
proper distance to clear the warp threads each rack carries a plate through which
a hole is formed. When the batten swings forward these plates are by its movement
carried towards the ends of rods normally the holes in the plates come opposite to
the ends of the rods and the rods are not moved but if the holes in the plates are
not brought to their proper position the rods are struck by the plates and moved
forwards. The rods are connected to a lever by which when the rods are moved
forwards the lever catch used for holding the stop mechanism out of action is
shifted back and the stop mechanism is thereby released and the loom stopped.
To stop the loom automatically when the weft in any shuttle is nearly finished
the bobbin has a recess formed in its side. A thin bar is placed between the bobbin
and the straight side of the opening in the shuttle, the bar is pressed forward by a
spring so that a projection at one end of the bar bears against the bobbin just
opposite to where the recess is formed in it.
So long as the recess in the bobbin is covered by weft the projection on the end
of the small bar cannot enter it--but when the weft is nearly expended and the
recess is uncovered the projection enters the recess the bar being pressed forward
by the spring as above explained-this movement allows a drop piece pivotted to
the back of the shuttle to incline downwards and project below the bottom of the
shuttle so that as the batten moves forward it may come into contact with a lever

page_text: or feeler and by moving this feeler shift a moveable lever or stop attached to the
throwing off mechanism of the loom into a position for a projection on the batten
or going part of the loom to come against it when the going part advances at the
next beat up. Preferably I form the bar with a pivot extending backwards from it
at the centre to enter loosely into a hole formed to receive it in the shuttle and
cause the opposite end of the bar to that which bears against the bobbin to enter a
notch at one side of the opening in the shuttle so that this end of the bar is thereby
kept from being pressed forwards by the spring. The drop piece which may be of
a D form corresponding with the form of the opening in the shuttle is pivotted to
the two curved sides of the opening close up to where these sides meet the straight
side: A small vertical rod is made to stand up from one corner of the drop piece
and come between the straight side of the opening in the shuttle and the bar next
to where the bar enters the notch in the side of the shuttle as above explained and
the drop piece is thereby held in a horizontal position within the opening in the
shuttle.
When the projection at that end of the bar which bears against the bobbin.
enters the recess in the bobbin the rotation of the bobbin depresses this end of the
bar and raises the opposite end until it is either above the end of the small vertical:
rod which stands up from the drop piece or until it has been lifted out of the narrow
notch in which it before rested into a broader portion of the notch when by the
action of the spring this end of the bar will be thrown forwards and will allow the
drop piece to fall into its inclined position to stop the loom.
In winding the bobbin with weft the weft may be wound on to it in one direction
until the recess in the bobbin is covered with one layer of winding and then back
again with the winding in the opposite direction and continuing with the winding in
this direction until the winding is completed. By doing so the turning of the
bobbin as it unwinds may be in such a direction that any friction between it and
the end of the small bar may tend to press the opposite end of this bar down-
wards and keep it at the bottom of the notch in the shuttle but just at the end of
the unwinding to turn in a direction to turn the bar out of this position and into an
inclined position so soon as the projection on the end of the bar enters the recess in
the bobbin.
In order to stop the loom should a weft thread break a second drop piece
normally upheld by the weft but which drops if the weft breaks may be
provided.
In order that the loom may be stopped instantly so soon as the belt shipper has
shifted the driving belt from the fast to the loose pulley a lever or connection from
the belt fork handle is made to actuate a brake acting on a pulley or fly wheel
on the crank or driving shaft.
The warp healds are lifted by tappets to make a plain ground and when weaving
a velvet ribbon the pile healds are litted in the same way-when weaving a satin
or other ground a dobbie or shedding motion is employed. The tappets are made
to give a positive lift. In the shedding motion or dobbie the healds are connected
by cords to levers at one side of the loom and any heald may be raised or lowered
at will by the action of holes or pegs on cards or lags which push the levers into
or out of gear with a rocking or travelling arm.
The ground warp threads pass from a beam round a roller which is caused to
revolve and deliver them to the healds at the proper speed. After leaving this
roller the warp threads for each ribbon are passed over a rod and round separate
pulleys on which are hung weights and then back over another rod near to the
first before they are led away to the healds the weights on the pulleys are adjusted
to keep an even tension on the warp and take up any slack which may occur in
weaving.
The pile warp threads are also caused to be delivered at a proper speed
according to the length of pile required by being passed around a roller driven at
the speed required-the pile warps for each pair of ribbons are also passed over
rods and round weighted pullies to take up slack. A fixed rod comes just above

page_text: these pulleys and prevents them from being drawn up above a certain level—this
tends to keep the weights of all the ribbons at the same height.
When velvet ribbons are being woven, one or more knives are used to sever the
pile which connects the two grounds. Each knife is mounted on a carriage which
runs in a groove or race in a straight rail and motion is given to it by cords passing
over guide pulleys at the side of the loom to other pulleys which are revolved
first in one direction and then in the other by a rack to which a to and fro motion
is given by a double cam on the cam shaft.
One knife may be used to travel across the loom and cut all the ribbons-or any
number of knives may be used each cutting one or more ribbons.
In the take up motion the top velvet ribbon after being divided from the bottom
one is passed over a rod above the level of the knife and the lower over a rod
below the level of the knife-then downwards and around a roller to the back of
the loom and are there taken up by a pin or porcupine roller.
Preferably this roller has motion given to it by a pawl and ratchet wheel
movement through a train of wheels one of which is a change speed wheel-the
pawl is carried by a lever rocked by the action of a cam on the cam shaft. The
rollers that deliver the ground and pile warps are also preferably driven by similar
pawl and ratchet wheel movements-the levers which carry the pawls of the
several movements being all coupled together by a connecting rod at one side of the
loom.
When weaving plain ribbons the ribbon as it is woven after being passed over a
glass rod is passed round a series of rollers covered preferably with cork or india
rubber in such a way that it is nipped between them. These rollers are caused to
revolve by bevel or other wheels on the crank shaft gearing into similar wheels on
a cross shaft which carries a worm driving a train of wheels one of which is a
change wheel gearing with the rollers.
DL: 90.L
of L 120%
Improvements in Looms for Weaving Ribbons.
1,.JOSÉ REIXACH, a Managing Director of Lister & Co. Ld., of Manningham
Mills, Bradford, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of this invention is partly to construct a power loom for weaving
velvet ribbons face to face and also to construct it in such a way that it may be
used either for weaving velvet ribbons or plain ribbons as desired and to provide
for stopping the loom just before any one of the wefts is completely finished.
My improvements are shewn in the drawings hereunto annexed.
Figures 1 and 2 are end elevations of the loom.
Figure 3 is a front view.
Figure 4 a plan view of part of the mechanism for stopping the loom just
before the weft from any one or other of the shuttles fails.
Figure 5 is an end elevation of these parts.
Figure 6 is a plan view of one of the shuttles.
shuttle just as the supply of weft fails.
Figure 7 is a similar view of the
Figure 8 is a transverse section of the shuttle with sufficient weft still on the
bobbin. Figure 9 is a transverse section of the same just after the bobbin has
commenced to turn in the reverse direction immediately before the weft would fail...
Figure 6* is a plan view and Figure 8* a transverse section of a shuttle fitted

page_text: with two drop pieces-one for stopping the loom just before the weft fails the
other for stopping the loom should the weft break.
Figures 8 and 9* are transverse sections of a shuttle in which both these objects
are obtained with a single drop piece.
Figure 10 shows separately a shedding motion.
Figure 11 a warp letting off notion for ribbons and
Figure 12 a take up motion for plain ribbons.
The going part or batten B is suspended from pivots resting in bearings
carried by brackets A extending from the framework at the top of the loom, its
lower part is swung to and fro by the action of a crank on the crank shaft Ź or
the going part may be carried by swords fastened to a swing rail at the bottom of
the loom as in an ordinary loom. For weaving velvet ribbons face to face two
series of shuttles C C¹ are used one above the other. There may be any desired
number of shuttles in each row or series depending on the number of ribbons it is
required to weave in one loom, one shuttle being used for each ribbon.
The shuttles as shown in Figures 6, 7, 8 and 9 are of D form as in ordinary ribbon
looms and each has a D shaped hole formed vertically through it across which
the bobbin lies parallel with the straight side of the opening which is at
the back.
The shuttles are driven to and fro in the following manner: -
Referring to Figure 3-the treadles 41 are depressed by the tappets 42 and give
by means of the cords 43 running over pulleys 44 a to and fro motion to the
rod 45 which carries teeth on its under side gearing into pinions 46 which in turn
gear into teeth on the shuttles C. As the rod or rack 45 moves to and fro it
imparts an opposite motion to the shuttles which are so arranged that as they
leave the pinion on one side of the ribbon they are received and driven forward by
the pinion at the other side of the ribbon.
When a double shuttle is employed for velvet ribbons motion is given to the
second row of shuttles in the same manner.
In a modification the rack 45 instead of being provided with teeth is provided
with pins which enter the shuttle at one side of the ribbon and on the rack moving
forward carry the shuttle through the shed, pins on the other side of the ribbou
then enter the shuttle and complete its movement through the shed.
In order to stop the loom should the shuttles of either row fail to travel the
proper distance to clear the warp threads each rack carries a plate through which
a hole is formed. When the batten B swings forward these plates are by its
movement carried towards the ends of rods 9 see Figures 3, 4 and 5-normally the
holes in the plates come opposite to the ends of the rods and the rods are not
moved but if the holes in the plates are not brought to their proper position the
rods are struck by the plates and moved forwards, and carry with them the lever 10.
The rod 9* tends to move to the left under the influence of the spring 7* but is
kept in the position shown in Figure 4 when the loom is running by lever 10*
(Figures 4 and 5).
The movement of the lever 10 throws the lever 10x out of position and releases
the rod 9x which moves to the left and carries the belt fork 6* with it thus
throwing the belt from the fast to the loose pulley and stopping the loom.
A rod 8* runs the whole width of the loom and is provided with a pin 11* and
an inclined end or slide 12x. To start the loom the rod 8x is moved to the right
and carries the lever 9x and the belt fork with it. To stop the loom the rod 8×
is moved to the left when the slide 12 throws out of gear the catch lever 10* and
the loom is thrown off by the spring as described.
To stop the loom instantly when the belt is thrown off a lever W Figure 3 is
taken from the belt fork handle and connected through a secondary lever to a
brake X acting on the pulley or fly wheel Y so that when the handle is thrown
off to stop the loom the brake is applied by the same movement and released
when the handle is again moved to start the loom.
To stop. the loom automatically when the weft in any shuttle is nearly finished

page_text: the bobbin 1 upon which is wound the weft 3, Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, has a recess 2
formed in its side. A thin bar 4 is placed between the bobbin and the straight
side. of the opening in the shuttle, one end of the bar is pivotted to the shuttle
the other end is pressed forward by a spring 4' so that a projection at this end
bears against the bobbin just opposite to where the recess is formed in it.
5 is a drop piece pivotted to the back of the shuttle by pivots 5'-this drop piece
is as shewn of a curved form corresponding to the curved form of the D shaped
hole of the shuttle. One end of the wire of which the drop piece 5 is formed is
bent upwards and forms a vertical arm 5* which stands up and comes just in rear
of the thin bar 4 near to where it is pivotted to the shuttle. So long as the bar 4
remains bearing against the weft on the bobbin the drop piece 5 is held in a
horizontal position within the shuttle. When the weft is nearly expended and the
recess in the bobbin becomes uncovered the end of the bar 4 enters the recess when
the bobbin is now caused to turn in the reverse direction as hereinafter explained,
and then the bar 4 is by the spring 4¹ caused to be turned into the position shewn
in Figures 7 and 9 the arm 5* of the drop piece is no longer kept back by the
bar 4 and the drop piece inclines downwards so as to project below the bottom of
the shuttle and when the batten comes forward strikes against a feeler 6, see
Figures 4 and 5, and stops the loom.
To cause the bobbin to turn in the reverse direction just before the weft fails
the weft is at the commencement of the winding wound on to it in one direction
until it is partially covered with one layer of winding and then back again with
the winding in the opposite direction until the winding is completed.
When the bobbin turns in the reverse direction and the recess is no longer
covered by weft the end of the bar springs into the recess-the rotation of the
bobbin in this direction keeps it in the recess until the end of the arm has been
carried over the bobbin's axis and then the spring 41 throws the bar 4 into the
position shown in Figures 7 and 9.
'
In order to stop the loom should a weft thread break a second drop piece 52
normally upheld by the weft but which drops if the weft breaks may be provided.
A shuttle fitted with two drop pieces one for stopping the loom when the weft
breaks and the other for stopping the loom just before the weft fails is shewn in
Figures 6 and 8*.
Or a single drop piece may be used to effect both these objects as shewn at
Figures 8 and 9**
In this arrangement the bar 4 bearing against the bobbin keeps the bobbin from
turning too freely and keeps sufficient tension on the weft.
The weft is led as shewn through an eye in the drop piece-the tension on.
the weft holds the drop piece up in the position shown in Figure 8ª until the
reversal of the bobbin when the bar 4 passes over the axis of the bobbin and
allows the weft to run slack-the drop piece then drops and stops the loom.
Should also the weft break the drop piece would similarly drop and stop.
the loom.
Referring to Figure 3 and Figure 1, the tappets H actuate the treadles 50,
which are connected by cords 51, running over pulleys 52, with the top of the
healds 53, and by cords 54, running over pulleys 55 with the bottom of the
healds 56. These tappets may be used to raise and depress all the healds, or
they may be used for some of the healds only and the remainder may be raised
and depressed by means of other suitable shedding motion. In some weaves the
tappets are dispensed with and the shedding motion is used for all the healds.
The shedding motion I prefer to employ is shown at Figure 10.
The rod 20 is driven from a crank or eccentric on the crank shaft of the loom
and works the lever 21, which raises and depresses the knife 22; needles 23 are.
connected by cords 24, running over pulleys to the healds. The needles are
actuated by cards or lags in the usual way, and at each pick of the loom are either
pressed on to the knives 22, and raised as at 23" or are allowed to fall with the
:

page_text: grate 25, as at 23. The knives 22 and the grate 25, are connected together by
racks and levers (not shewn) so that as the knives 22 rise the grate 25 descends :
weights or springs are attached to the bottom of the healds, so that they are
always kept down unless lifted through the agency of the needles 23 and the
knives 22.
The ground warp threads pass from a beam Xx round a roller S (Figures 1
and 2) which is caused to revolve by means of ratchet or screw gear connected to
the ratchet lever of the taking up motion by the rod Z* at a certain speed which
is altered as required by a change wheel to deliver the warp to the healds at the
same speed as the ribbon is taken up by the taking up motion.
The warp threads for each ribbon after leaving this roller are passed round
separate pulleys on which are hung weights V, so adjusted as to keep an even
tension on the warp and take up any slack which may occur in weaving.
A slightly modified arrangement of warp letting off motion is shewn at
Figure 11.
In this modification the warp is wound on bobbins 31, and passes over two
pulleys 32, 32 between which a weight 33 is hung, it then passes round pulleys 34
and 35 to the healds 36.
The warp may be wound on two or three bobbins or on beams for each ribbon as
required, these bobbins are mounted on a creel at the back of the loom and are
weighted by bands and weights 37.
The weight 33 is connected to the weight 37 by a band so that when the
weight 33 rises above a certain point the band is drawn tight and the weight 37
is slightly lifted; this allows the warp to be drawn off the bobbin after which the
weight 33 falls to its normal lovel; by this the weight 33 is always kept about
the same level and an even tension of the warp is maintained.
After
The pile warps are passed round rollers 16, Figures 1 and 2, which are caused to
revolve by ratchet or worm and screw gear, preferably connected as shewn in
Figure 2, to the top letting off motion, or by a positive cam and peg motion which
rotates the rollers and delivers the pile to the healds at regular intervals.
being delivered by these rollers which are revolved at any speed according to the
length of pile required, the pile warp for each pair of ribbons is passed round one
or more pulleys 17, on which are hung weights 18, adjusted to take up any slack of
the pile threads which may occur in weaving, the threads then pass round rods 19
to the healds G by which they are tied in and crossed between the two ribbons in
any well known manner: a rod 20, Figure 1, is passed through the pile warps
above the pulleys 17, and is fixed so as to prevent the weights 18 from being
drawn up above a certain level, this tends to keep the weights of each ribbon at
the same height.
When the loom is used to weave velvet ribbons with two rows of shuttles C C',
Figures 1, 3 and 5, and two rows of ribbons one above the other with the pile
threads crossing between, one or more knives N are used to sever the pile threads,
each knife is mounted on a carriage which runs in a groove or race cut in a straight
rail running parallel to the going part and motion is given to it by a cord 11
running over bowls and round pulleys 12, Figures 1, 2 and 3, at each side of
the loom these pulleys are caused to revolve first one way and then the other by a
rack 13 and pinion 14, worked by a double lift tappet 15 which imparts a lateral
to and fro motion to the rack.
One knife may be used to travel across the loom and cut all the ribbons, or any
number of knives may be used each cutting one or several ribbons.
In the take up motion for velvet ribbons, the top ribbon after being divided
from the bottom by the knife N, Figure 1, is passed over a glass rod O above the
knife and the bottom is passed over a rod P below the knife: they are then both
passed to the back of the loom and are taken up by the pin or porcupine roller Q
which is caused to revolve by worm or ratchet gear preferably by ratchet gear as
shewn in Figure 2, a change wheel R is used so that the number of picks of weft

page_text: can be altered as required. The driving pawl is carried by a lever rocked by the
action of a cam on the driving shaft. By placing the porcupine roller Qat
the back of the loom one ribbon can be twisted round as it passes from the front to
the back and the backs of both ribbons be on the roller Q.
When plain ribbon is being woven a take up motion such as indicated by the
diagram Figure 12 is used.
The ribbon as it is woven passes over a glass rod J and round the roller 27, it
then passes round the nip roller 28 which is weighted and caused to bear heavily
on the roller 27. The ribbon is then wound round roller 29 which is driven by
friction springs 30 (see Figure 3) and takes up the ribbon as it is delivered by the
rollers 27, 28. The roller 27 is driven by a ratchet wheel which is changeable,.
the number of teeth being altered to give the required number of picks; the ratchet
is driven by a pawl actuated by a cam on the low shaft of the loom.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven--
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The construction of looms substantially as hereinbefore described and illus--
trated in the drawings annexed.
2. The means substantially as described for stopping the loom should the
shuttles fail to travel the proper distance to clear the warp threads.
3. The means substantially as described for stopping a loom just before the weft
of any shuttle fails.
4. The shuttle with horizontal drop piece held up by an arm made to bear
against the bobbin, but allowed to incline downwards when the weft is so far
unwound from the bobbin that the recess is uncovered and the end of the arm can
enter the recess.
5. The shuttle with horizontal drop piece held up by the tension on the weft but
allowed to incline downwards when the weft breaks or when the bobbin can run
free just before the weft fails substantially as described.
6. A shuttle fitted with two drop pieces substantially as described one for
stopping the loom when a weft thread breaks, the other for stopping the loom just
before the weft fails.
7. The warp letting off motion substantially as described and illustrated in the
drawings annexed.
8. A ribbon loom in which the delivery of the pile warps is controlled by the
means substantially as herein described at a given speed determined by the length
of pile required.
Dated this 23rd day of October 1895.
J. REIXACH.