сarbons as Carbonising and Neutralising Agents in the Alkali Processes, and for Reducing Pyrites.
Year: 1885

page_text: ами щодо от обшg ыдила нагосarbons as
Carbonising and Neutralising Agents in the Alkali Processes,
and for Reducing Pyrites.
We BENJAMIN HOWARTH THWAITE Civil Engineer and Consulting Chemist,
23 Fountain St Tranmere Cheshire and JAMES PEDDER Chemical Plant Maker
Appleton in Widnes Lancashire do hereby declare the nature of our invention for
THE UTILISATION' AND METHOD OF USING LIQUID HYDROCARBONS AS CARBONISING
AND NEUTRALISING AGENTS IN THE ALKALI PROCESSES to be as follows:-
Our invention consists in the utilisation and method of using liquid hydro-
carbons for the following processes involved in the production of alkalies and for
reducing pyrites. We will proceed to describe the application of our invention to
the treatment of the alkali waste from the Weldon process, and to the other
processes involved in the production of alkalies and for reducing calcined copper
pyrites.
We grind the waste from the Weldon process in the usual manner adding
sufficient liquid hydrocarbon (preferably mineral) to thoroughly saturate the
waste, we then add sufficient hydrochloric acid (H CI) to form with the Manganese,
Mn Cl, or manganese chloride, we then agitate and wash with water heated to
212° Fah" in the usual and well known manner.
In the application of our invention to calcined copper pyrites we proceed as
follows; we thoroughly grind the mineral in liquid hydrocarbon (preferably
mineral) then adding sufficient hydrochloric acid (HCl) to form cupric chloride
(Cu Cl₂), we then agitate in water heated to 212° Fah and run off supernatent and
exhausted liquor into fresh mineral agitating and bringing up to strength, we
precipitate with ordinary iron or other precipitating agents.
In the application of our invention to Calcium Sulphide (Ca S) we grind the
Ca S in liquid mineral hydrocarbon, then agitate in water at a temp of 212° Fah,
hen run exhausted liquor into fresh Ca S in order to economise liquor, which
night be re-utilised ad libitum if made neutral..
In the application of our invention to Soda ash, we grind the Soda ash Na, SO,
n mineral liquid hydrocarbon adding the latter in sufficient quantities to form
Sodium Carbonate and if lime is added to the soda ash calcium sulphide, is also
Drain J

page_text: formed, water at a temperature of 212° Fah is then added and the supernatent
liquor is run off and the insoluble matters are filtered. The liquor is then allowed
to crystalise into Na, O CO, or Sodium Carbonate any sulphide of carbon existing
in the Na O CO, or Sodium Carbonate we precipitate with bleach liquor or any
other well known precipitating agent.
To describe more particularly the application of our invention to Soda Ash, we
take the following agents, in the approximate percentages given-
Soda ash
"
Liquid Mineral Hydrocarbon
H, O at a temp" of 212° Fah"
Lime
-
11.5°
1.5°
50.0%
-
37.0°
We grind the soda ash in the liquid mineral hydrocarbon water at 212° Fah"
is then added, the burnt or calcined lime is then added in excess and slaked
in solution.
We filter the supernatent liquor and allow it to crystalise. We apply our
invention to Sodium Sulphate in a similar manner to that described for Calcium
Sulphide.

page_text: and for Reducing Pyrites.
BENJAMIN HOWARTH THWAITE Civil Engineer and Consulting Chemist
23 Fountain St Tranmere and JAMES PEDDER Chemical Plant Maker Appleton
in Widnes, Lancashire do hereby declare the nature of our invention for THE
UTILISATION AND METHOD OF USING LIQUID HYDROCARBONS AS CARBONISING AND
HYDRATING AGENTS IN THE ALKALI PROCESSES-AND FOR REDUCING PYRITIES
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention consists in the utilisation and method of using liquid hydro-
carbons for carbonisation and hydration in the following processes of chemical
manufacture.
In the application of our invention to the treatment of manganese ore and
waste of the Weldon manganese recovery process, we proceed as follows-
We grind the manganese ore or we grind the manganese waste in the usual and
well known manner adding 3% of liquid hydrocarbon such as petroleum or rock
oil, adding sufficient H Cl to form Mn Cl. We then agitate with water at
212° Fah" for 15 minutes. We then add sufficient calcic carbonate to precipitate
the impurities in the Mn Cl. By the use of liquid hydrocarbon when the solution
becomes neutral the calcium does not form the soluble chloride.
In the application of our invention to calcined copper pyrites, we proceed as
follows, we thoroughly grind the mineral in liquid hydrocarbon, and sufficient
hydrate of lime to combine with the sulphur adding sufficient H Cl to form cupric
chloride (Cu Cl₂), we then eagitate in water heated up to 212° Fah, and run off
supernatent and exhausted liquor into fresh mineral, agitating and bringing up
to strength, we precipitate the copper with ordinary iron or other precipitating
agents.
In the application of our invention to soda ash (Na, SO₂) we adopt the
following modus operandi, we saturate quick lime (Ca O) with mineral liquid
hydrocarbon we then add water preferably at say 200° Fah, we agitate the solution
and allow the suspended matter to settle:
We then decant the pure liquor to which we add the Soda ash (Na, SO),
in definite proportions After the chemical action is completed, we filter the insoluble
precipitate and allow the supernatent liquor to crystallise, or we may use the liquor
for other purposes, particularly for the purpose of treating the manganese waste
or for processes requiring desulphurisation.
We may mix the mineral oil soda ash and calcic carbonate or quick lime,
together and dissolve them in water at a temperature of say 200° Fah., and pass
a powerful electric current through the solution, in order to displace wholly or

page_text: partially the sulphur of the Na, SO, by the carbon of the oil—The lime and sulphur
combining to form an insoluble precipitate, we run off the supernatant solution and
allow it to crystallise.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is
The use of and methods of using liquid mineral hydrocarbon for the processes
enumerated herein, substantially as herein described.