matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING GRAIN, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Johnstone at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th June 1877.
JOHN JOHNSTONE, of Carsebridge, in the County of Clackmannan, North Britain.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING GRAIN, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
This Invention, which relates to certain improvements in drying grain, and in
the means, machinery, or apparatus employed therefor, has for its object to dry or
recover the condition of grain after it has been injured by moisture, or for preparing
grain for grinding purposes.
The Invention consists of a vertical rectangular tower, preferably formed of iron,
but which may also be formed of other material. At one side of this tower an
elevator is situated, by means of which the grain to be dried or prepared is lifted to
the upper part of the tower, on reaching which it is discharged into a hopper,
whose lower part is fitted or provided with a screw creeper or its equivalent, the
purpose of which is to feed the grain regularly and constantly on to the uppermost
of a series of horizontal endless travelling wire cloths. These wire cloths are
arranged in a series, one below another in the tower, and are carried upon rollers,
which are slowly rotated by means of pitch chains, each one in opposite directions,
so that the grain on arriving at the end of one wire cloth is thrown on to an
inclined board, from which it falls on to the next wire cloth below, and so on
successively until it reaches the bottom of the tower. At the bottom of the tower
the grain falls into cylinders fitted with screw creepers, by means of which it is
slowly travelled through them to the point where it is finally discharged in the dry
state.
The drying is effected by means of heated air supplied by a blowing fan or its
equivalent, which first of all discharges the air through a tubular steam heater, out
of which it first passes into the cylinders at the lower part of the tower herein-
before mentioned, these cylinders being double cased for the purpose of allowing the
heated air to circulate therethrough without coming in contact with the grain.
The air after being discharged from the cylinders enters the lower part of the tower,
and ascends therethrough, gradually drying the grain as it ascends, the moisture

page_text: driven off from which is exhausted by means of a fan or other exhauster placed at
the top of the tower.
To prevent the grain from falling over the sides of the wire cloth, ledges or trays
are provided, which project in a little over the wire cloths.
If more heat is required than what is provided by the heated air in the manner
herein-before described, the tower may be fitted with a series of steam pipes
running transversely across it, into which steam is admitted or not, according to
the temperature required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR FUMIGATING HOTHOUSES AND GREENHOUSES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Swift Ellis, of Sheffield, in the County of York,
Ironfounder, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS AND
APPARATUS FOR FUMIGATING HOTHOUSES AND GREENHOUSES."
9th Ton 10177 and dated the 10th Anvil 1977
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Swift Ellis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th April 1877.
JOHN SWIFT ELLIS, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Ironfounder.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR FUMIGATING HOTHOUSES
AND GREENHOUSES.”
My Invention has for its object the construction of self-acting fumigating
apparatus, in which may used either tobacco paper alone, or tobacco paper and
sulphur, or sulphur alone, without injury to plants or to attendants, and consists in
the adaptation and application to a pot or vessel, with a grating at the lower part
to carry hot cinders or other heated fuel, and also containing the tobacco paper and
sulphur or other suitable substance to produce the required fumes, of a closed vessel
containing an open-topped reservoir of water, and an outlet for the passage of fumes
to the hothouse or greenhouse required to be fumigated.
By means of this combined apparatus, when tobacco paper and sulphur or other
suitable materials is or are placed on burning cinders, shavings, or other burning
fuel resting on the grating in the said pot or vessel, the smoke and fumes will be
caused to pass into the closed upper vessel, and over water contained in the reservoir
therein, by which means will be produced a vapour, which mixing with the smoke
as it passes over the surface of the water in the reservoir will prevent the latter
from scorching or injuring the plants or flowers contained in the hothouse or green-
house, into which it is admitted from the closed vessel through the outlet or pipe
communicating from the vessel to the hothouse or greenhouse.
The apparatus above described is self-acting, and can be left any length of time
required without attendance.

page_text: squibs may be added to the tobacco paper with safety, by which means the "filth
or vermin which tobacco paper alone might not be capable of destroying will be
effectually destroyed.
The above described apparatus is quite self-acting, and may be left without
attendance for any length of time that may be required.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I hereby declare that what I claim as of my Invention is,
the above-described apparatus in its combined form, adapted for the purpose
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Swift Ellis, have horeunto set my hand
and scal, the Eighth day of October, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven.
JOHN SWIFT ELLIS. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOXES FOR RECEIVING FARES AND ADMISSION FLES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry John Crosslè at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th February 1877
HENRY JOHN CROSSLE, of Leicester, in the County of Leicester, Commission
Agent "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOXES FOR RECEIVING FARES
AND ADMISSION FLES"
This Invention relates to a novel arrangement of box in which payments from
passengers in public vehicles and for admission to public places of amusement are to be
deposited, the object being to remove all 11sk of surreptitious extraction of coin there-
from, and to render unnecessary any manipulation of the internal apparatus by the
person charged with the care of the box to effect the discharge of the coin into the
1eceptacle
The box, which may be of an oblong rectangular form, is fitted with a glass panel,
as usual, to allow for the inspection of the coin as it is dropped into the box At
top it is formed with a taper mouth-piece, through which the coin is dropped, and
immediately below the mouth-piece is a balanced tipping plate supported on a V
edge The coin in entering the box falls on to this plate, which yielding to its
weight tips and deposits it on to a counter weighted table that closes an opening
between converging inclines that form a partial lining to the box This table may
be weighted to any desued extent that will ensure its sustaining one or more faies,
and permit of then being inspected As however the coin accumulates on the table
it will tip and discharge the same into a shute below that will direct it into the
receiver at the bottom of the box This receiver may be a drawer secured in place
by a lock, or the bottom of the box itself may constitute the receiver
In that case
it should have an inclined bottom to guide the coin to the front for the more ready
discharge thereof when the door of the receiver is opened
The opening in the bottom of the shute may be fitted with a self-acting check to
prevent the coin from being shaken out of the box by turning it bottom upwards
The check may consist of a pan of weighted swing plates, which if the box is tipped
will cover the opening, or any other well known contrivance for barring a back or
return passage may be adopted.

page_text: At the opposite sides of the box below the shute, chambers are made, access
These chambers are intended to
thereto being by inclined weighted swing doors
collect and retain any coin that may be discharged from the rerceiver, should an
attempt be made to abstract the coin from the box by inverting it. This contri-
vance will enable the anthorized inspector of the box to ascertain whether the box 5
has been tampered with or not
MENTS IN CEMENT KILNS AND OVENS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Andrew Gibbons at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th December 1877.
ROBERT ANDREW GIBBONS, of Northfleet, in the County of Kent.
MENTS IN CEMENT KILNS AND OVENS."
"IMPROVE
My Invention relates to a combined arrangement of kilns for burning cement, and
ovens for drying the "slurry" preparatory to its being burnt, in such a manner that
by keeping the kiln continuously working and utilising its waste heat I am enabled
to economise fuel and labour. For this purpose I arrange two or more flue chambers
symmetrically in relation to the kiln in close proximity to it, and forming passages
for the hot gases and products of combustion from the kiln to a common chimney,
or it may be to separate chimneys. The lower part of each of these chimneys is
floored over with removable plates, which are preferably of iron, but which may be tile
or other like slabs, the floor forming in each case the cover of the flue through which
the hot gases pass. I also roof over the chamber, and the hot gases after passing
through the lower flue may be made to return along the chamber between the floor
and the roof, this being a convenient arrangement when it is desired to employ &
central chimney or shaft for all the flues. Each of the said flues and flue chambers
is provided with suitable valves or dampers, so that the hot gases may be partially
or wholly shut off from one and directed into another of them.
The operation is conducted as follows:-The kiln being in action its hot gaseous
products are directed into one of the flues, the floor over which has been by pumping
or otherwise charged with slurry, which thus becomes dried. When this charge is
dried the hot products of the kiln are shut off from this flue chamber, and directed
into another ready charged with slurry, and while the latter is being dried the dried
slurry of the chamber formerly mentioned is stripped and taken to the upper part
of the kiln to be burnt; thus in succession the several chambers are charged with
slurry, and have their contents dried by the waste heat, then discharged into the
kiln, which is kept continuously working, the cement burnt in it being removed
from time to time in quantities taken from the bottom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELASTIC WEBBING
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Dean at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th March 1877.
GEORGE DEAN, of the Firm of Dean, Bowcock, and Company, Elastic Web Manu-
facturers, of Derby. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELASTIC WEBBING."
My Invention of improvements in the manufacture of elastic webbing consists of
a novel mode of weaving the rubber threads, by which means the rubber threads
are prevented from drawing or being withdrawn when inserted in boots as side
springs, or in other articles of dress. This improvement is effected by working the
rubber threads alternately and not simultaneously, as is the case with an ordinary
woven web. By this process the rubber threads are made to hold each other fast
bound together in the fabric.
A BIRD FRIGHTENER
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Montague Hart at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th September 1877.
"
MONTAGUE HART, of 1, Northumberland Terrace, Isleworth, Middlesex. 'A
BIRD FRIGHTENER."
A metal cylinder with four compartments, with some shot or pebble in each, an
iron bar running through the centre, protruding at each end. The ends of same bar
to fit into two uprights so as to revolve, which uprights are to be brought down-
wards so as to form one stem for the fixture. One end of metal cylinder to be made
cog fashion. On the one upright nearest the cog side of cylinder a revolving wheel
to be fitted. In the top part of this wheel there are to be four arms fixed; at the
end of each is to be fixed something similar to a bollow ball cut in halves, which
half-hollow ball is intended to catch the wind. If required, this same upright to be
carried on above said arms, and a weathercock placed on the top.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE PARQUETRY FLOORING AND IN THE FASTENINGS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th October 1877. A communication from
Albin Siemroth, of Böhlen, in the Principality of Schwarzburg Rudolstadt.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at
Frankfort on the Main, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE
PARQUETRY FLOORING AND IN THE FASTENINGS FOR THE SAME." A communication
from Albin Siemroth, of Böhlen, in the Principality of Schwarzburg Rudolstadt.
This Invention consists in rendering parquet flooring more easy to lay and
remove, by the construction and fixing of such flooring in pieces or squares, of com-
paratively small dimensions, by furnishing some of the sides of such squares with
fixed or moveable tongues or strips, through which screws or nails can be passed for
the purpose of securing the pieces or squares to the floor, and other sides with
grooves for the reception of said tongues.
Also in the use of one or more receptacles for fasteners consisting of small
recessed plates fitted to the under side of the parquet squares, and furnished with
loose Z shaped fastening pieces, so that when one parquet square furnished with a
fastener receptacle is placed alongside another so furnished, a loose Z shaped piece
is placed in both receptacles, and holds them and their squares in place without
being seen on the upper surface.
The parquet squares themselves can otherwise be made as at present, and
mounted on wood, canvass, or waterproof material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRING MATTRESSES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd July 1877. A communi-
cation from abroad by Theodore Levering Snyder, of Mont Clair, County of
Essex, State of New Jersey, United States of America.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRING MATTRESSES." [A communication
from abroad by Theodore Levering Snyder, of Mont Clair, County of Essex, State
of New Jersey, United States of America.]
This Invention consists in a spring mattress constructed with flexible and elastic
foundation strips, to which transverse strips supporting the springs are secured as
herein-after described.
Spring mattresses being bulky, the expense of their transportation is a matter of
importance, and to reduce their size when not in use or when packed for trans-
portation is therefore very desirable. To that end the foundation strips of the
mattress are, according to this Invention, made of spring steel, and to these strips
are secured transverse strips of metal to which the springs are fastened. These
springs may be of any desired shape or size, and they may be connected together at
their top by links or chains, the outer row of springs having side strips secured to
them running parallel with the transverse strips, and attached to the upper coil of
each spring forming the outside row, in such manner that they may be turned up.
Braces are attached to the side strips near their ends extending diagonally to the
second strip to which they are fastened.
When it is desired to transport the mattress or set it aside, or place it in any other
position where a reduced bulk would be desirable, it is simply necessary to roll the
foundation strips up in the form of a cylinder, which form it will readily assume by
means of its flexibility, readily carrying with it the transverse strips and the springs
secured thereto. Studs on one end of the foundation strips fit into slots in the other
end to confine and keep the mattress in the cylindrical position, the mattress when
thus rolled up presenting the appearance of a cylinder composed of a series of strips

page_text: of metal, bound and held in position by the foundation strips, the space within the
cylinder being occupied by the coiled springs.
When it is desired to use the mattress it is simply necessary to remove the studs
from the slots, when the elasticity of the foundation strips will at once throw open
the mattress ready for occupancy.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING WATER OR OTHER FLUIDS, AND IN GENERATING STEAM THEREFROM
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hermann Hirsch at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 31st May 1877.
HERMANN HIRSCH, of 25, Craven Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer, "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING WATER OR OTHER FLUIDS, AND
IN GENERATING STEAM THEREFROM."
My Invention consists in immersing to any convenient extent in the liquid
intended to be heated or to be converted into steam, particles of siliceous substances,
of which I prefer those produced by nature in form of flint pebbels, found in
abundance on sea beaches and inland in various shapes and sizes, of which I use in
preference those of the smaller and smallest sizes, and of more or less rounded shapes,
which divide or separate the liquid mass into numerous and greatly attenuated
layers or films surrounding the immersed particles, thereby allowing the heat to
act upon the so attenuated fluid with increased efficiency by overcoming its
molecular resistance more easily, and causing a more rapid giving off of steam.
In the aforesaid manner I rendor the heating or steam-generating process more
energetic and more economical than hitherto.
APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Whitcombe at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th October 1877.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
GEORGE WHITCOMBE, of the City of Gloucester, Solicitor.
APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS ON RAILWAYS."
The object of the Invention is to indicate to the driver or others in charge of a
railway carriage, or a train, or trains of carriages, the existence of an obstruction or
cause of danger in advance of such carriage or train or trains; also to render distance
or other signals effective, although they may for a time be hidden from view by
fog or darkness; and also to insure attention of persons in charge by indicating
neglect of duty.
In carrying my improvements into effect, I apply by the side of one of a pair of
rails a moveable rail or lever arm in position to be acted upon, when required, by
one of the wheels of the carriage, or a series of them, or by a projection from any
one of the carriages. This rail or lever arm is by other lever or other connection
connected to a pin or stop in position to hold a weight or one end of a weighted
lever; but on the passing of a train with the signal at danger the leverage and
connecting parts act to draw the pin or stop or means holding the weight or
weighted lever, to allow the same to act on a detonating cap or other fuse in position,
which will then be caused to ignite explosive matter, so as to effect an audible
sound, and at the same time to cause an illumination or illuminated effect by which
both the ear and the vision may be attracted.
I also connect a series of these means of explosion, so that several explosions
and consequent illuminations at distances apart and in advance of the direction of
motion of the carriage or train may be obtained, to facilitate the securing of the
required attention of the person or persons in charge.
This apparatus is connected to the signal apparatus otherwise employed, so as to
be set by it for operation when the signal apparatus with which it is connected

page_text: "
is set to danger, and withdrawn by the changing of the signal from "
all clear."
danger" to
By these means, in the event of the driver of an engine disregarding a signal set
against him, or the signalman or others in charge of the signals not effecting the
required signals, the fact will be clearly indicated against him or them to the ears
and eyes of others.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCISSORS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th May 1877. A communication from
abroad by Cornelius Morgan Meserole, of the City and State of New York,
United States of America.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. IMPROVEMENTS IN SCISSORS." A communication
from abroad by Cornelius Morgan Meserole, of the City and State of New York,
United States of America.
The object of this Invention is to furnish convenient scissors capable of being
applied as clippers when desired, allowing the handling of the work without laying
down the scissors, thereby saving considerable time; and it consists of spring
scissors, one shank being provided with two rings, and both shanks being connected
by a pivoted spring catch, which holds the blades together when not in use and it
is desired to secure them. The upper blade is provided with two rings. A band
spring is supplied to one of the said rings and bent over to act on the shank of the
lower blade; or a coiled spring may be inserted at the part where the two blades are
united on their fulcrum; this spring is to keep the blades open. To hold the blades
closed a catch is secured on a projection from the upper blade, or upon a hook
provided on the said upper blade upon a pin projecting from the lower blade.
The scissors are used as clippers by placing the rings on the third and little
fingers of the hand, and applying the thumb and fore-fingers to the blades.
The main advantage of these scissors, whether used to cut or clip, is that the hand
is free to handle or measure goods, or for any other purpose, retaining at the same
time the scissors in such position in the band that they may be used at any
moment.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO RUDDERS FOR VESSELS, AND IN THE MODE OF SHIPPING AND UNSHIPPING THE SAME
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Humphrey Macfarlane Chalmers at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th March 1877.
HUMPHREY MACFARLANE CHALMERS, of Roseneath, in the County of Dumbarton,
but at present at Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Master Marinor. " IM-
PROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO RUDDERS FOR VESSELS, AND IN THE MODE OF
SHIPPING AND UNSHIPPING THE SAME."
"3
In fishing boats at sea it is usual to unship the rudder at night and haul the nets
over the stern. The shipping of the ruddor again in a heavy sea is attendant with
great difficulty and danger, frequently resulting in loss of life. My Invention
entirely overcomes this difficulty, and is also admirably adapted for larger vessels,
greatly increasing the safety of the rudder.
The stern post is made in the form of a tube, with an open slot aft down nearly
to the bottom. At intervals in its height the said tube is also cut away at the
sides. Inside this tube is a similar but smaller tube, with corresponding slot and
parts cut away, with this difference, that the parts cut away are far broader on one
side of the slot than on the other side. In this tube fits the rudder post, forming
part of the rudder. The rudder has notches cut out corresponding to those parts of
the tubes left intact. A slot in the deck behind the rudder sufficiently large to pass
the rudder blade through, a stout plug to fill this slot, and a chain from this plug to
the rudder blade completes the apparatus.
The chain can be fastened in any other manner, but must be brought through
the deck, or a double chain go round to the sides of the vessel can be substituted.
I do not claim the chain as new except in so far as regards its novel use in con-
nection with the other details of my Invention.
The mode of action is as follows:-The rudder having been inserted in the inner
tube the latter is turned round so that the projecting parts of the inner tube enter
the recesses in the rudder, the two are then lowered together into the outer tube to
the bottom of the same. Projections on the top of the inner tube fit into recesses
in the outer one, or set screws, or wedges, or other contrivances can be inserted to
keep the inner tube from turning in the outer. The rudder post is now secure in
the tubes, and the rudder is supported at several different points on the projecting
parts of the two tubes, more especially the inner one, while at the same time the

page_text: absence of parts cut out of the rudder and tubes permit the corresponding portions
of each to work freely in the other, so that the rudder can turn freely. The top of
the rudder is squared in the usual way, and supplied in the ordinary manner with
tiller and other steering apparatus.
Should the rudder at any time be disabled it can be at once hoisted up by the 5
chain through the deck and a spare rudder (or the old one repaired) substituted,
but the encasing of the rudder post in the tubes decreases its liability to accident
very greatly.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOW BOXES FOR SCARVES, NECKTIES, CRAVATS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Whitehead at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th July 1877.
HENRY WHITEHEAD, of 6, Capel Terrace, Bow, in the County of Middlesex,
Warehouseman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOW BOXES FOR SCARVES, NECKTIES,
CRAVATS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."
This Invention consists in arranging dividing blocks placed in boxes for the
purpose of preserving the form and separating the scarves, neckties, and cravats
packed in them, so that the tops of the dividing blocks shall be but very little lower
than the top edges of the box itself, which may also have small blocks or supports
secured in the corners or sides of the box, and of a similar height to the dividing
blocks. Upon these blocks a pane or light of glass slightly smaller than the box
itself is placed, and is thus supported quite level in all its bearing parts. Over this
light of glass the usual lid is placed, which preserves it from danger of breakage
whilst packing or in transportation. To secure the form of the box more thoroughly,
and to strengthen it, the top edges may have strips of metal secured upon them.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, PASTEBOARD, CARDBOARD, OR MILLBOARD, WHEREBY THE SAME ARE RENDERED UNINFLAMMABLE, AND ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE LAGGING OR CLEADING OF LOCOMOTIVE OR OTHER BOILERS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wotherspoon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th October 1877.
JAMES WOTHERSPOON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Merchant. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, PASTEBOARD,
CARDBOARD, OR MILLBOARD, WHEREBY THE SAME ARE RENDERED UNINFLAMMABLE,
AND ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE LAGGING OR CLEADING OF LOCOMOTIVE OR
OTHER BOILERS.”
"
This Invention, which is a further development of that for which Letters Patent
were granted to William Stebbins Fish, Number 924, A.D., 1873, has for its object
to render paper, pasteboard, cardboard, or millboard, made from wood pulp or from
paper refuse, uninflammable, whereby the same is rendered capable of being used
for the lagging or cleading of locomotive or other boilers or surfaces which are
raised to a high temperature, and to be also used as a substitute for the wood and
felt lagging or cleading at present employed.
The Invention has farther for its object to provide that the lagging or cleading
shall be tough and coherent at a high temperature, so that boilers or other heated
surfaces which are subject to rapid oscillations, vibrations, or tremulous motions, as
in the case of locomotive boilers when the engines are running, these motions
shall not break up, destroy, or shake off the lagging or cleading.
A still further object of the Invention is to supply a lagging or cleading which
shall not be destroyed by the temperature due to the high pressure of steam now
used in locomotive and other boilers.
The Invention consists in mixing asbestos or amianthus with wood pulp or with
coarse pulp made from refuse paper, card, or analagous substances, and converting
the same into paper, pasteboard, cardboard, or millboard, in a paper-making machine
in the ordinary manner of making paper, pasteboard, cardboard, or millboard. The

page_text: asbestos so used may be in the fibrous state, or the coarse or refuse portions
resulting from asbestos manufactures may be mixed therewith.
I have found that I can successfully mix with wood pulp, or the other pulp
herein-before described, fifty per cent. of asbestos or amianthus, and I find what is
known as 'Norway pulp' to be very advantageous for the purpose of my
Invention.
"
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHAT ARE COMMONLY CALLED CLEARERS FOR WINDING FRAMES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Stubbs at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th January 1877
JOSEPH STUBBS, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WHAT ARE COMMONLY CALLED CLEARERS FOR WINDING
FRAMES."
My Invention relates to those clearers which are provided with angular slits
leading from that by which the clearing is effected, and consists in an addition to
the said slits, whereby it is rendered more difficult for the attendant to lift over the
yarn or thread For this purpose I make the lower part of the ordinary vertical
slit on one side of the centre, and below its upper end I form an inclined slit
leading to one of the usual angular slits. The yarn or thread is passed through the
top as usual.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TINPOTS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TIN AND TERNE PLATES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Rushton Turnock at the
Office of the Cominissioners of Patents on the 11th January 1877.
JOSEPH RUSHTON TURNOCK, Gentln., of Yspitty Works, Llanelly, County_of
Carmarthen. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TINPOTS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TIN
AND TERNE PLATES."
The improvements consist of the addition of a partition to the ordinary tinpot,
which partition is perforated from the bottom up to within a short distance of the
ordinary level of the molten metal in the pot; it is also carried up to a height of
about six inches above the level of tinpot, as will be described.
The object of the partition is to narrow the mouth of the pot where the plates are
put in, thus allowing only a few sheets at a time to be immersed instead of a large
quantity as hitherto. The perforations are for the purpose of allowing the metal
to circulate from one side of the pot to the other, thereby maintaining a more even
temperature or "temper" than would be the case if only a small pot were used;
the perforated portion also serves to keep the plates from passing into the other part
of the pot. The partition is carried up above the level of the pot for the purpose of
keeping the grease back from the surface of the pot not used for tinning (thereby
effecting a considerable saving in grease from burning) and is also either carried
round the portion of the pot used for dipping the plates into, except that portion
leading to the grease pot; or it is extended in a line and fits on to the bevelled
covering plate with or without means of fastening there.
The objects of the Invention are,-
First. To prevent the tinman from immersing too many plates at a time.
Second. To prevent waste of grease by being exposed to a greater surface of metal
than is absolutely necessary, thereby obtaining a saving both of tin and grease.
AN IMPROVED GLOVE FASTENER
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd August 1877. A communication from
the Hannover Gummi-Kamm Company, of Hannover, in the Empire of
Germany.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at
Frankfort-on-the-Main, in the Empire of Germany. "AN IMPROVED GLOVE
FASTENER." A communication from the Hannover Gummi-Kamm Company, of
Hannover, in the Empire of Germany.
This Invention relates to an improved glove fastener, which consists of a box and
a hook.
The different parts are illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, in which,—
Figure 1 shows a side view of the said box.
Figure 2 shows a front view thereof.
Figure 3 shows a side view of the said hook.
Figure 4 shows a plan of the same.
Figure 5 shows a complete fastener.
"
Figure 6.shows the box and hook, that is to say, the complete fastener attached.
to the glove.
In order to fasten the glove on one of the hands it is necessary to unite the box
with the hook by the help of the thumb and the forefinger of the other hand; and
to unfasten the glove the part c, shewn in Figure 5, has to be pressed down and
under the top of the box.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY HAVING A CHARACTER AND PURPOSE SIMILAR TO THE MACHINE KNOWN AS THE. MERRY-GO-ROUND.
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Lowry at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th June 1877.
GEORGE LOWRY, of Cross Street Iron Works, Salford, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY HAVING A CHARACTER AND PURPOSE
SIMILAR TO THE MACHINE KNOWN AS THE. MERRY-GO-ROUND.'
"
" "
Firstly. My Invention relates to a machine combining the rotary motion of the
merry-go-round" with an oscillatory "see-saw" up-and-down motion, and consists'
in a central pillar firmly secured in the ground or floor in a vertical position; the
upper part of this pillar forms a shaft or centre for a boss to rotate upon, the top part
of which forms the bearing or axis (which is in a horizontal position) of a double-
beam formed of wood or other material, which double beams are connected to form
a long box or carriage, in which there are seats for the persons to ride on the
machine. There is a horizontal shaft or stud having bearings on or in the pillar,
which shaft has a crank handle to turn the shaft and also a bevel wheel which gears
with a wheel on the said boss, which is thus rotated and carries round with it the
carriage or box above named.. There is also a stationary bevel wheel above the
bevel wheel on the said boss which is fixed to arms from the pillar, and in this.bevel
another bevel gears, which works upon a horizontal pin or stud on the said-rotating
boss. This last-named bevel carries an adjustable crank pin, which is connected
by a rod with the double beam, box, or carriage which thus receives oscillating
motion up and down at the same time as the boss is rotated.
The oscillating movement may also be given by cam paths, formed or carried upon
the pillar, and such cams may, if required, be rotated.
The double beam may be made either as a double or single beam, simply with
boxes or carriages suspended from its two ends by double joints moveable at right
angles for the riders.
The hollow boss may also be made to receive the fulcrums of several pairs of
bell-crank levers, connected by cross or coupling rods across the centre or vertical
axis, each pair of levers being actuated by wheel work and cranks or by cams, as
above described, the ends of these arms having boxes or carriages suspended upon
them, by double joints moveable at right angles for the riders to sit in.

page_text: The seats for the "riders" in some cases may also be suspended so as to hang
vertically in every position of the machine.
The machine may be driven by manual, steam, or motive power.
Secondly. My Invention consists in a modification of the ordinary "merry-go-
round" by arranging it to rotate on an obliquely placed axis so that it will not only
rotate but will ascend and descend at each revolution, the seats for the "riders
being on the framework of the circular part of the machine or suspended from the
rotary frame of the machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Hacking at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th October 1877.
WILLIAM HENRY HACKING, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
My Invention refers to looms having rising and drop boxes' employing three or
more shuttles. It consists in a new combination of machinery for the purpose of
actuating the shuttle boxes and producing the various changes required.
I employ two or more star wheels actuated by one or more ring wheels with
movable studs which are brought into gear with the star wheels when the changes
are to be made. The movable studs are actuated by feelers, which by means of cams
and springs are made to feel successively at each of a series of pattern cards made
of cardboard or sheet metal.
When a hole occurs in the cards the pin is allowed to work in the star wheel,
which makes a movement; but if there be no hole no change is produced. The star
wheels may move separately or conjointly as required.
In combination with the star wheels I employ compound eccentrics and rings,
each eccentric being in connection with one of the star wheels, the inner eccentric
revolving on a stuḍ, and each of the outer ones revolving on the eccentric axis of
its inner one.
The revolution of these eccentrics raises or depresses a lever in connection with
the shuttle boxes and produces the required changes.
In another arrangement the lever in connection with the boxes is carried by a
movable stud, which is actuated by a star wheel, and can be made to take two or
more positions by the revolution of the star wheel. A second star wheel moves a
stud actuating the middle of the lever, which can also be made to assume two or
more positions.
By the combination of these two star wheels, and the movement given to one
end and centre of the lever, the various changes are produced as required.in the
position of the shuttle boxes.

page_text: Another part of my Invention consists in stopping the action of the feelers when
the weft breaks, so that no further change is produced in the motions. This is
effected by means of a lever worked by the "black rod" or stop catch lifter, which
when the weft breaks allows a lever to fall into notches in the feelers and stop their
action.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AGGLOMERATING CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sydney Pitt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th December 1877. (A communication
from abroad by Camille Desmazures, Chemist, of Paris, in the Republic of
France.)
SYDNEY PITT, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MODE OF AGGLOMERATING CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES." [A communication from abroad
by Camille Desmazures, Chemist, of Paris, in the Republic of France ]
My Invention consists in substituting the employment of chemical matters
agglomerated by compression by means of any suitable process for the same
matters, either sublimed or crystallised in all cases where the matters are to bo
employed in a solid form. This permits of forming them into compact and hard
blocks of size and form more appropriate to their use.
I will give as an example of the application of this Invention sal ammoniac
produced in gas works, it is crystallised and given out to the refiners, who heat it in
their close receivers to sublime the volatile salt into crystalline loaves, which aro
broken up into pieces and so delivered to the solderers to rub their soldering irons
to clean the surface of the metal that the solder may adhere. These pieces aro
shapeless, and to use them it is necessary to fit them into a box to hold them
immoveable upon the table whilst the workman passes his iron over them
According to my process, I pulverise the grains of the salt coming from the gas
works or other source; I moisten the powder with water saturated with ammoniacal
salt, and I strongly compress the moist paste thus obtained on a mould of a suitable
form; the mass obtained deprived of its water will in time become as hard as the
sublimed crystals. To obtain a salt which is quite white it suffices to wash the
salt in water before making the paste.
The treatment which I have described for sal ammoniac is applicable also for
arsenic, borax, camphor, and a great number of chemical products, bases, oxides,
salts, and so forth, capable of being used in manufacture or in the arts in the new form

page_text: which is given to them in preference to that in which they are produced by
crystallisation or sublimation. To compress them in this manner they are treated
according to their nature in dry powder, either cold or with heat, or in presence of
pure water, or of mother liquor, or of any suitable liquid, hot or cold, employing
also hydraulic pressure, mechanical pressure, or hand pressure, as most suitable.
5
PROVEMENTS IN FORMING MOULDINGS ON STONE AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Halley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th December 1877.
"IM-
JOHN HALLEY, of Milngavie, in the County of Stirling, North Britain.
PROVEMENTS IN FORMING MOULDINGS ON STONE AND IN THE MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
This Invention, which relates to the forming of mouldings on stone by machinery,
has for its object to deal with soft kinds of stone, such for example as the softer
kinds of freestone or sandstone, oolite, otherwise known as Bath stone, and others
of analagous soft qualities.
The Invention consists in producing such mouldings by the operation of friction
in the following manner, that is to say:-Rubbers or friction blocks are provided,
having rubbing surfaces of the reverse contour of the mouldings required to be
produced. The stone on which the moulding is to be formed is first roughly
dressed, chiselled, or blocked out either by band labour or by such machines as aro
used for roughly dressing stone, so as to make the stone approximately straight,
curved, or otherwise.
When straight mouldings are to be produced, the blocks of stone roughly dressed
as berein-before described are secured to either a fixed or travelling table, and the
rubber or rubbers in the case of a fixed table are reciprocated backwards and
forwards over the said stones; or in the case of a moving table, the rubber or rubbers
is or are stationary. In the case of both moving tables and rubbers they are
carried so as to slide in parallel guides, and the rubber or rubbers is or are pressed
upon the stone by means of weights, levers, screws, springs, wedges, or their
equivalents with the required degree of force for causing the rubbers to act on the
stone.
When curved mouldings are to be produced, the stone is also first roughly
dressed approximately to the form required, after which it is fixed to a table having
circular motion working against one or more stationary rubbers; or the rubbers may
have circular motion over the curved surfaces of stone in which the mouldings are
to be formed.

page_text: The rubbers may either be formed of blocks of hard metal having trituratting
substances, such as, corundum, or emery, or other hardor stone or metal let into its
rubbing surfaces; or such rubbers may be formed of a soft metal and used with
loose emery powder, sand, or an equivalent triturating powder.
Another method of construction of the rubbers is to form them of india-rubber,
gutta-percha, cement, wood, or an equivalent substance in which corundum, emery,
sand, or fragments of hard metal, are commingled after the manner at present
practised with certain kinds of grinding and polishing wheels.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EXPLOSIVES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eustace Carey Prentice at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th January 1877.
EUSTACE CAREY PRENTICE, of Stowmarket, in the County of Suffolk. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EXPLOSIVES."
My Invention relates to the manufacture of explosives, consisting of a mixture of
gun cotton with metallic oxides or hydrated oxides, such as oxides of iron or
manganese or the like. The gun cotton employed for this purpose may either be
simple gun cotton or nitrated or chlorated gun cotton. In the former case the gun
cotton and oxide are pugged or mixed together. In the latter case either the
nitrated or chlorated gun cotton may in a similar manner be mixed with the oxide,
or the oxide may in the first place be mixed with the nitrate or chlorate employed,
and then the whole mixed with the gun cotton.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEPHONY AND TELEGRAPHY
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Denis Daniel Redmond at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th October 1877.
DENIS DANIEL REDMOND, of Belmont Lodge, Sandford, in the County of Dublin.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEPHONY AND TELEGRAPHY."
In telephones hitherto constructed the sound wave has been converted into au
electrical wave by means of a vibrating diaphragm, either acting on a magnet or
interposing a variable resistance in the circuit.
In the method which I propose I convert the sound wave into an electrical wave
by means of a thermopile. The sound wave having a period of compression and
expansion renders sensible a varying amount of heat, as we know from the familiar
experiment of lighting a piece of tinder by compressing gas in a syringe, that when
the density of a body is increased a certain amont of heat is emitted. This heat,
falling on the pile, creates an electrical wave which I send along the line wire and
reconvert into a sound wave either by means of an electro-magnet and vibrating
diaphragm, or electro-magnet alone, or by a second thermopile, after the manner
of the experiment known as Peltier's cross.
The face of the thermopile at both or either ends may or may not have a
vibrating diaphragm interposed to take up or emit the vibrations to the air;
between this diaphragm and the face of the pile different bodies may be interposed,
which, by their compression, increase the amount of heat generated by the sound
wave; or the faces may be simply coated with substances which cause the sound
wave to yield more heat; or the wave may be amplified by dancing flames.
If wished, a constant current may be kept in the line wire, which may be varied
by the piles after the manner above mentioned. This method is applicable to all
purposes to which a musical current can be applied, speaking, printing, and multiple
telegraphy.