Improvements in Machines for Forging, Swaging, or Hammering.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Forging, Swaging, or Hammering.
I, HAROLD FLETCHER MASSEY, of Openshaw, Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention consists in improvements in machines for forging, swaging or
hammering.
The object of the first part of my invention is principally the provision of
forging, swaging or hammering machines which shall be capable of being
readily adjusted while in use in order to operate to the extent, and in the manner
requisite upon the articles or objects being operated upon, and shall consequently
be capable of being easily used for operations which have been difficult or
impossible to perform with forging, swaging or hammering machines hitherto
constructed, and shall in comparison with their efficiency be simple in construc-
tion and consist of few parts.
According to some forms of this part of my invention I provide in a forging,
swaging or hammering machine two or more levers capable of being oscillated
in or upon a suitable support or suitable supports and in conjunction with
each of such levers I provide a block or die of a form adapted to perform work
of the kind required. The blocks or dies may be formed or secured in any
suitable manner upon the said levers or may be formed or secured in any suitable
manner upon slides capable of being slidden in or upon a suitable support or
suitable supports and connected to or arranged to be moved by means of the
levers respectively employed therewith in any suitable manner. The axes about
which the said levers are capable of being oscillated are arranged either parallel
to each other or in any other suitable relative positions as may be considered
desirable in the construction of the machine. In conjunction with the said levers
I provide a cam which is capable of being revolved by any suitable means
about an axis parallel or placed in any other suitable position in relation to the
levers in conjunction with which such cam is employed, and I arrange such cam
so that it is capable of being moved in the direction of its axis by any suitable
means preferably by means of a foot-lever arranged to be operated by the
attendant in charge of the machine in order that different parts of the operative
surfaces of such cam may be caused to act upon such levers at different times.
The operative surfaces of the said cam which may be formed upon the circum-
ference of such cam or may be formed so as to be directed towards the axis about
which such cam is capable of being revolved are so formed that when certain
parts of such operative surfaces are presented to the said levers while the said
cam is made to revolve no or little movement shall be imparted to such levers
and that if such cam is gradually moved in one direction its operative surfaces
shall impart a gradually increasing amount of movement to the said levers until
the said cam has been moved to the limit of its movement in the said direction.
The levers aforesaid are provided with rollers or bearing parts to be acted upon

page_text: by the operative surfaces of the said cam in order that such levers may be moved
thereby and a spring or springs of any suitable kind is or are provided in order
that such levers may be moved in directions opposite to those in which they
are moved by the said cam. The rollers or bearing parts provided upon the
said levers to be acted upon by the said cam may be of any suitable shape but 5
in order that the rollers or bearing parts upon the said levers may bear upon
the said cam by means of surfaces or lines rather than by points I in one arrange-
ment mount or form the rollers or hearing parts provided upon the said levers
in parts capable of being oscillated in relation to the levers with which such
rollers or bearing parts are respectively used and form the said cam so that 1
through any point.in the operative surface of such cam a straight line may be
drawn upon such operative surface. In any case in which two levers
such as have been hereinbefore mentioned are employed the cam employed is
formed or arranged so that when it is caused to move the said levers the said
blocks or dies upon or moved by means of such levers are caused to simultaneously
approach the position occupied by an article or object placed between them to
be operated upon and in any case in which three or four or more levers such as
have hereinbefore been mentioned are employed the cam employed in conjunc-
tion with such levers may be formed or arranged either so that all the dies or
blocks upon or moved by means of such levers shall simultaneously approach
the position occupied by an article or object placed in position to be operated
upon thereby or so that two or more of such dies or blocks shall be caused to
approach such position while the others are receding therefrom or so that such
dies or blocks shall he moved in any other order or relation which may be con-
sidered suitable for the work to be accomplished thereby.
According to other forms of this part of my invention I provide in a forging,
swaging or hammering machine two or more sets of two or more dies or blocks
and corresponding levers and two or more sets of levers analogous to those here-
inbefore described and arrange in conjunction therewith two or more cams
analogous to the cam herein before described and arrange the said cams so that
each is capable of being moved independently of the other or others and also
arrange each set of dies or blocks so that it may be moved independently of the
others and so enable one machine to be used to perform two or more
operations either at different times or at the same time. In some cases the
lovers used with one set of dies or blocks may be mounted or formed upon axles
or barrels surrounded by or surrounding the shafts or barrels or axles supporting
or formed upon the levers used with the other set or sets of dies or blocks.
According to other forms of this part of my invention I provide in a forging,
swaging or hammering machine two or more cams analogous to the cam herein-
before described and arrange them so that they may be moved simultaneously
and in conjunction with each of such cams provide a lever or levers and die or
block or die or blocks analogous to those herein before described and so enable
one or more dies or blocks to be moved to a greater or less extent than the
other or others employed in the machine.
According to other forms of this part of my invention I provide in a forging,
swaging or hammering machine two or more slides or two or more sets of slides
and provide or form each of such slides with a block or die of a form adapted
to perform the work required. In conjunction with the said slides or sets of
slides I provide a cam or cams which or each of which is capable of being revolved
by any suitable means and is provided with operative surfaces upon its circum-
ference or with operative surfaces directed towards the axis about which it is
capable of being revolved and I arrange such cam so that it is capable of being
moved in the direction of its axis by any suitable means preferably by means
of a foot-lever arranged to be operated by the attendant in charge of the machine
in order that different parts of the operative surfaces of such cam may be caused
to act upon such slides at different times. The operative surfaces of the said
cam or each of the said cams are so formed that when certain. parts of such

page_text: operative surfaces are presented to the said slides while the cam is made to
revolve no or little movement will be imparted to such slides and that if the cam
on which such operative surfaces are formed is gradually moved in one direction
its operative surfaces shall impart a gradually increasing amount of movement
to the said slides until the said cam has been moved to the limit of its move-
ment in the said direction. The slides aforesaid are provided with rollers or
bearing parts to be acted upon by the operative surfaces of the cam or cams
used therewith in order that such slides may be moved thereby and a spring or
springs of any suitable kind is or are provided in order that such slides may
be moved in directions opposite to those in which they are moved by the said
cam or cams. The rollers or bearing parts provided upon the said slides to be
acted upon by the said cam or cams may be of any suitable shape but in order
that the rollers or bearing parts upon the said slides may bear upon the cam
or cams by means of surfaces or lines rather than by points I in one arrangement
mount or form the rollers or bearing parts provided upon the said slides in
parts capable of being oscillated in relation to the slides with which such rollers
or bearing parts are respectively used and form the said cam or each cam so
that through any point in the operative surface of such cam a straight line may
be drawn upon such operative surface. In any case in which two slides
such as have been herein before mentioned are employed in conjunction with the
cam or each cam employed the cam employed therewith is formed or arranged
so that when it is caused to move the said slides the blocks or dies upon such
slides are caused to simultaneously approach the position occupied by an article
or object placed between them to be operated upon and in any case in which
three or four or more slides such as have herein before been mentioned are
employed with the cam or each cam employed the cam employed therewith
may be formed or arranged either so that all the dies or blocks upon the said
slides shall simultaneously approach the position occupied by an article or object
placed in position to be operated upon thereby or so that two or more of such
dies or blocks shall be caused to approach such position while the others are
receding therefrom or so that such dies or blocks shall be moved in any other
order or relation which may be considered suitable for the work to be accom-
plished thereby.
According to other forms of my invention instead of employing two or
more cams I provide in a forging, swaging or hammering machine a cam
with operative surfaces upon its circumference and operative surfaces directed
towards the axis about which such cam may be made to revolve and employ in
conjunction with such cam two or more sets of dies or blocks and levers or
slides or levers and slides and arrange them in any suitable manner analogous
to those hereinbsfore described.
The blocks or dies employed in forging, swaging or hammering machines
constructed according to this part of my invention, or the levers or slides
on which such blocks or dies are mounted may be so formed or arranged that
the said blocks or dies may be adjusted in relation to the levers or slides on
which they are mounted in order that they may be made to act in the manner
requisite upon the articles or objects on which they are intended to operate, and
I prefer to provide means by which the blocks or dies upon the levers or slides
may be readily secured in position and readily released so that different blocks
or dies may be used at different times as may be requisite or desirable.
The cams employed in forging, swaging or hammering machines constructed
according to this part of my invention and the rollers or bearing parts provided
to be acted upon by such cams in order that the levers or slides in conjunction
with which such cams are employed may be moved are preferably enclosed in
casings so arranged that oil or other suitable lubricating or cooling liquid or
substance may be freely applied to or pumped upon or otherwise constantly
supplied to such cams and rollers or bearing parts while in operation, either

page_text: externally or internally through passages formed in the axles of the levers
employed or other parts or in any other suitable way.
Machines may be constructed according to this part of my invention for use
in drawing down the tangs of table knives, for sharpening miners' picks and
rock-drills and for forging or swaging round articles and for many other
purposes.
The hereinbefore described arrangements by which the contact between cams
and bearing parts and rollers employed in forging, swaging or hammering
machines constructed according to this part of my invention is enabled to be
by lines or surfaces rather than by points form in themselves a part of my
invention.
The object of a further part of my invention is to arrange that while the
springs employed in conjunction with the levers or slides or other parts carrying
the blocks or dies which move in order to act upon articles or objects to be
operated upon either in forging, swaging or hammering machines of any of
the forms which may be constructed according to the first part of my invention
or in forging, swaging or hammering machines of other kinds, may be capable
of acting in the manner requisite upon the levers or slides in conjunction with
which they are employed, the parts by which the said springs bear against
the parts in conjunction with which such springs are employed shall not be
required to move as much in relation to each other as the movable parts against
which they bear are made to move in relation to the terminal points or positions
of their movement and by so arranging the said springs to avoid the loss of
power involved in the use of springs which are continually compressed and
allowed to expand or extended and allowed to contract.
According to one form of this part of my invention as applied to a machine
constructed according to the first part of my invention, provide in conjunction
with the levers or slides employed in such machine two or more springs each of
which is arranged to act in conjunction with two of the levers or slides and
move them in directions opposite to those in which they are moved by the cam
or cams employed in conjunction with them and so arrange each of such springs
that the parts upon which it bears or to which it is connected shall be parts
which though arranged to move shall in their movements remain at the same
or approximately the same distance apart.
According to another form of this part of my invention I provide in con-
junction with the dies or blocks employed in a forging, swaging or hammering
machine a spring or springs which or each of which is connected to or caused
to act upon or in conjunction with a lever or levers which is or are connected
to two of the said dies or blocks or parts arranged to move therewith or is or
are itself or themselves connected to levers connected to two or more of the said
dies or blocks or parts arranged to move therewith and arrange such lever or
levers so that the parts upon which the said spring or springs bears or bear
shall have no or little relative movement.
Dated this Nineteenth day of January 1898.
HOWARD
CHEETHAM,
Manchester, Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement: —
My invention consists in improvements in machines for forging, swaging or
hammering.
The object of the first part of my invention is principally the provision of
forging, swaging or hammering machines which shall be capable of being
readily adjusted while in use in order to operate to the extent, and in the manner
requisite upon the articles or objects being operated upon, and shall consequently
be capable of being easily used for operations which have been difficult or
impossible to perform with forging, swaging or hammering machines hitherto
constructed, and shall in comparison with their efficiency be simple in construc-
tion and consist of few parts.
According to some forms of this part of my invention I provide in a forging,
swaging or hammering machine two or more levers capable of being oscillated
in or upon a suitable support or suitable supports and in conjunction with
each of such levers I provide a block or die of a form adapted to perform work
of the kind required. The blocks or dies may be formed or secured in any
suitable manner upon the said levers or may be formed or secured in any suitable
manner upon slides capable of being slidden in or upon a suitable support or
suitable supports and connected to or arranged to be moved by means of the
levers respectively employed therewith in any suitable manner. The axes about
which the said levers are capable of being oscillated are arranged either parallel
to each other or in any other suitablé relative positions as may be considered
desirable in the construction of the machine. In conjunction with the said levers
I provide a cam which is capable of being revolved by any suitable means
about an axis parallel or placed in any other suitable position in relation to the
levers in conjunction with which such cam is employed, and I arrange such cam
so that it is capable of being moved in the direction of its axis by any suitable
means preferably by means of a foot-lever arranged to be operated by the
attendant in charge of the machine in order that different parts of the operative
surfaces of such cam may be caused to act upon such levers at different times.
The operative surfaces of the said cam which may be formed upon the circum-
ference of such cam or may be formed so as to be directed towards the axis about
which such cam is capable of being revolved are so formed that when certain
parts of such operative surfaces are presented to the said levers while the said
cam is made to revolve no or little movement shall be imparted to such levers
and that if such cam is gradually moved in one direction its operative surfaces
shall impart a gradually increasing amount of movement to the said levers until
the said cam has been moved to the limit of its movement in the said direction.
The levers aforesaid are provided with rollers or bearing parts to be acted upon
by the operative surfaces of the said cam in order that such levers may be moved
thereby and a spring or springs of any suitable kind is or are provided in order
that such levers may be moved in directions opposite to those in which they
are moved by the said cam. The rollers or bearing parts provided upon the
said levers to be acted upon by the said cam may be of any suitable shape but
in order that the rollers or bearing parts upon the said levers may bear upon
the said cam by means of surfaces or lines rather than by points I in one arrange-
ment mount or form the rollers or bearing parts provided upon the said levers
in parts capable of being oscillated in relation to the levers with which such
rollers or bearing parts are respectively used and form the said cam so that
through any point in the operative surface of such cam a straight line may be
drawn upon such operative surface. In any case in which two or three levers
such as have been hereinbefore mentioned are employed the cam employed is
formed or arranged so that when it is caused to move the said levers the
blocks or dies upon or moved by means of such levers are caused to simultaneously
approach the position occupied by an article or object placed between them to

page_text: as
more levers such
be operated upon and in any case in which four or
have hereinbefore been mentioned are employed the cam employed in conjunc-
tion with such levers may be formed or arranged either so that all the dies or
blocks upon or moved by means of such levers shall simultaneously approach
the position occupied by an article or object placed in position to be operated
upon thereby or so that two or more of such dies or blocks shall be caused to
approach such position while the others are receding therefrom or so that such
dies or blocks shall be moved in any other order or relation which may be con-
sidered suitable for the work to be accomplished thereby.
According to other forms of this part of my invention I provide in a forging,
swaging or hammering machine two or more sets of two or more dies or blocks
and corresponding levers and two or more sets of levers analogous to those here-
inbefore described and arrange in conjunction therewith two or more cams
analogous to the cam hereinbefore described and arrange the said cams so that
each is capable of being moved independently of the other or others and also
arrange each set of dies or blocks so that it may be moved independently of the
other or others and so enable one machine to be used to perform two or more
operations either at different times or at the same time. In some cases the
levers used with one set of dies or blocks may be mounted or formed upon axles
or barrels surrounded by or surrounding the shafts or barrels or axles supporting
or formed upon the levers used with the other set or sets of dies or blocks.
According to other forms of this part of my invention I provide in a forging,
swaging or hammering machine two or more cams analogous to the cam herein-
before described and arrange them so that they may be moved simultaneously
and in conjunction with each of such cams provide a lever or levers and die or
block or dies or blocks analogous to those hereinbefore described and so enable
one or more dies or blocks to be moved to a greater or less extent than the
other or others employed in the machine.
According to other forms of this part of my invention I provide in a forging,
swaging or hammering machine two or more slides or two or more sets of slides
and provide or form each of such slides with a block or die of a form adapted
to perform the work required. In conjunction with the said slides or sets of
slides I provide a cam or cams which or each of which is capable of being revolved
by any suitable means and is provided with operative surfaces upon its circum-
ference or with operative surfaces directed towards the axis about which it is
capable of being revolved and I arrange such cam so that it is capable of being
moved in the direction of its axis by any suitable means preferably by means
of a foot-lever arranged to be operated by the attendant in charge of the machine
in order that different parts of the operative surfaces of such cam may be caused
to act upon such slides at different times. The operative surfaces of the said
cam or each of the said cams are so formed that when certain parts of such
operative surfaces are presented to the said slides while the cam is made to
revolve no or little movement will be imparted to such slides and that if the cam
on which such operative surfaces are formed is gradually moved in one direction
its operative surfaces shall impart a gradually increasing amount of movement
to the said slides until the said cam has been moved to the limit of its move-
ment in the said direction. The slides aforesaid are provided with rollers or
bearing parts to be acted upon by the operative surfaces of the cam or cams
used therewith in order that such slides may be moved thereby and a spring or
springs of any suitable kind is or are provided in order that such slides may
be moved in directions opposite to those in which they are moved by the said
The rollers or bearing parts provided upon the said slides to be
acted upon by the said cam or cams may be of any suitable shape but in order
that the rollers or bearing parts upon the said slides may bear upon the cam
or cams by means of surfaces or lines rather than by points I in one arrangement
mount or form the rollers or bearing parts provided upon the said slides in
parts capable of being oscillated in relation to the slides with which such rollers
cam or cams.

page_text: in
or bearing parts are respectively used and form the said cam or each cam so
that through any point in the operative surface of such cam a straight line may
be drawn upon such operative surface. In any case in which two or three slides
such as have been hereinbefore mentioned are employed in conjunction with the
cam or each cam employed the cam employed therewith is formed or arranged
so that when it is caused to move the said slides the blocks or dies upon such
slides are caused to simultaneously approach the position occupied by an article
or object placed between them to be operated upon and in any case
which four or more slides such as have herein before been mentioned are
employed with the cam or each cam employed the cam employed therewith
may be formed or arranged either so that all the dies or blocks upon the said
slides shall simultaneously approach the position occupied by an article or object
placed in position to be operated upon thereby or so that two or more of such
dies or blocks shall be caused to approach such position while the others are
receding therefrom or so that such dies or blocks shall be moved in any other
order or relation which may be considered suitable for the work to be accom-
plished thereby.
cam
According to other forms of my invention instead of employing two or
more cams I provide in a forging, swaging or hammering machine a
movable in the direction of its axis and with operative surfaces upon its circum-
ference and operative surfaces directed towards the axis about which such cam
may be made to revolve and employ in conjunction with such cam two or more
sets of dies or blocks and levers or slides or levers and slides and arrange them
in any suitable manner analogous to those herein before described.
The blocks or dies employed in forging, swaging or hammering machines
constructed according to this part of my invention, or the levers or slides
on which such blocks or dies are mounted may be so formed or arranged that
the said blocks or dies may be adjusted in relation to the levers or slides on
which they are mounted in order that they may be made to act in the manner
requisite upon the articles or objects on which they are intended to operate, and
I prefer to provide means by which the blocks or dies upon the levers or slides
may be readily secured in position and readily released so that different blocks
or dies may be used at different times as may be requisite or desirable.
The cams employed in forging, swaging or hammering machines constructed
according to this part of my invention and the rollers or bearing parts provided
to be acted upon by such cams in order that the levers or slides in conjunction
with which such cams are employed may be moved are preferably enclosed in
casings so arranged that oil or other suitable lubricating or cooling liquid or
substance may be freely applied to or pumped upon or otherwise constantly
supplied to such cams and rollers or bearing parts while in operation, either
externally or internally through passages formed in the axles of the levers
employed or other parts or in any other suitable way.
In order to enable this part of my invention to be readily carried into effect
I have in the accompanying drawings in all the figures of which the same letters
of reference are employed to indicate corresponding parts given illustration of
the construction and arrangement of some of the forms of machines which as
herein before described may be constructed according to this part of my invention.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation and Fig. 2 is a front elevation of one form of
machine constructed according to this part of my invention, and provided with
four dies or blocks mounted upon a corresponding number of levers arranged
to be acted upon by means of one cam, Fig. 3 is a front elevation of the levers
upon which the said dies or blocks are mounted and the springs used with such
levers to move them in the directions opposite to those in which they are moved
by the said cam, Fig. 4 is a transverse section taken on the plane indicated by
the line AA of Fig. 1 and illustrating the cam employed to act upon the
levers carrying the dies or blocks and the shaft on which such cam is mounted
and the arins and rollers by means of which the said levers bear upon the said

page_text: cam, Fig. 5 is an end elevation of the said cam and Fig. 6 is a plan thereof,
Fig. 7 is a side elevation showing the said cam and levers apart from the rest
of the machine and serving to show the relative positions of such cam and levers
more clearly than is possible in Fig. 1; and Fig. 8 is a front elevation of cne
of the bowls or rollers used with the said levers and cam and Fig. 9 is a side
elevation of the said bowl or roller and a vertical section of part of the cam
against which it is made to bear.
In the machine illustrated by Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, the dies or blocks (a)
are secured by means of keys in dovetailed grooves formed in the arms (6)
of levers (b) provided with hollow bosses (b) and with trunnions (62) capable
of being oscillated in bearings formed in standards (c) one of which is formed
upon the framework (d) of the machine while the other is secured thereto by
bolts or other suitable means, so that it may be removed therefrom in order
that the levers (6) may be placed in or removed from working position as may
be requisite from time to time. The dies or blocks (a) and the levers (b) in
great part are omitted from Fig. 2 in order that such figure may be clearer.
In the standards (e) also formed with the framework (d) of the machine is
mounted a shaft (f) provided with a fast pulley (g) and a loose pulley (g¹). Upon
the shaft (f) is mounted a cam (h) which is capable of being slidden in the
direction of its axis upon the said shaft (f) by means of a fork (h¹) operated
by means of a treadle (i) which is mounted upon a pivot (¹) secured in the
framework (d) of the machine. The treadle (2) is connected to a connecting
rod () connected to one arm of a bell-crank-lever (k) the other arm of which is
connected to and embraced by jaws formed upon a rod (m) which is, capable of
being slidden in a projection (m¹) formed upon the framework (d). The bell-
crank-lever (k) is mounted fast upon a shaft (m²). The rod (m) is formed with
a shoulder against which bears a spring (m³) which also bears against the pro-
jection (m) and serves to move the bell-crank-lever (k) in the direction opposite
to that in which it is moved by the treadle (2). Fast upon the shaft (m²) is
mounted an arm (m) which by means of a rod (m³) capable of being slidden
lengthwise is secured to the fork (¹) engaging with a groove formed around
the boss of the cam (h) and serving to move the cam (h) lengthwise of the
shaft (f) in one direction or the other according as the treadle (i) is depressed
or allowed to rise. The shaft (f) is provided with two keys or feathers (f¹)
which engage with corresponding grooves in the cam (h) and cause such cam (h)
to revolve when the shaft (f) is caused to revolve. The cam (h), the form
of which is clearly indicated in Figs. 5 and 6, is so formed that it is circular
at one end and elliptical at the other and that the intersection of the surface
of such cam (h) by any plane passing through the axis or centre-line of such
cam (h) is a straight line. Each lever (b) is formed with an arm (63) in which
is secured a stud (o) upon which is mounted a roller (p) capable of being revolved
thereon and furnished with a rounded edge or bearing face. Each lever (b) is
also formed with an arm (64) and an arm (65). In the arm (6) of each lever (b)
is formed a hole furnished with a screw-thread in which is screwed a stud (g)
in the head of which is formed a recess with a flat bottom against which bears
one end of a spring (r) which at its other end bears against a flat face at the
bottom of a recess formed in the arm (65) of one of the adjacent levers (b). The
studs (g) are screwed into such positions that the springs (r) with which they
are respectively employed are compressed so that each spring (r) tends to press
the arm (65) against which it bears, away from the arm (64) against which it
bears, and to turn the said arms (64) and (65) and the levers (b) on which they
are respectively formed in such directions that the roller (p) carried upon the
arm (63) of each of such levers (b) shall be made to bear against the cam (h).
To the standard (c) nearest the front of the machine is attached a guide or sup-
port (s) by means of which an object or article to be operated upon by the dies
or blocks (a) carried by the levers (b) may be guided and supported while being
inserted among and operated upon by the said dies (a). The standard (c)

page_text: nearest the front of the machine is furnished with a diaphragm having a central
opening opposite the dies or blocks (a) and serving to prevent accidents from
being caused by articles or objects or workmen's fingers being placed in the
space surrounding the dies or blocks (a). When a belt is placed upon the fast
pulley (g) and the shaft (f) is caused to revolve the cam (h) is made to revolve
therewith and then if by means of the treadle (i) the cam (h) be moved upon
the shaft in the direction indicated by the arrow B the circular part of the
cam (h) is moved out of contact with the rollers (p) and the more elliptical
parts of such cam (h) are gradually brought in contact with the said rollers (p)
and with the springs (7) cause the levers (b) to oscillate and gradually to a
greater extent so that each die or block (a) is moved towards and away from
the centre-line of the space around which such dies or blocks (a) are arranged
so that an article or object introduced into the said space will gradually be
operated upon to a greater extent by the said dies or blocks (a) and reduced in
size or forged to shape according to the form of the said dies or blocks and
according as it is or is not turned about its axis while being operated upon by
the said dies or blocks (a). The cam (h) in acting upon the levers (b) causes
two of the dies or blocks (a), that is to say, two opposite dies or blocks, to
approach the centre-line of the space around which they are arranged while
the other two dies or blocks (a) are being moved away from such centre-line.
Fig. 10 is a partial front elevation and Fig. 11 is a vertical section taken
on the plane indicated by the line CC of Fig. 10 and illustrating the construc-
tion and arrangement of a machine according to my invention with the dies or
blocks employed carried on slides which are moved by means of levers capable
of being oscillated about axes arranged in inclined directions to each other in
a plane at right angles to the axis of the shaft upon which is mounted the cam
employed to move the said levers. In the form of machine illustrated by Figs. 10
and 11 the slides (t) employed of which only one is fully indicated in the draw-
ing, are mounted and capable of being slidden in guides provided in a standard (e),
of which part only is shown, mounted upon the bed of the machine and surround-
ing the space in which the dies or blocks (a) mounted upon the said slides (t)
are caused to operate. Each slide (t) is provided with a recess (¹) at one side
of which is provided a hollow hearing face (2) against which bears the lever (b)
employed in conjunction with the said slide (t) which lever (b) is mounted so as
to be capable of being oscillated on a stud (u) secured in the standard (c) and
is provided with a roller (p) similar to the rollers (p) shown in Figs. 4. 8 and 9
but arranged to revolve about. an axis placed approximately lengthwise of the
lever (b) instead of transversely thereof as in the case of the levers (b) illustrated
in Figs. 3 and 4. The cam (h) illustrated in Figs. 10 and 11 is similar in form
and use to that illustrated in Figs. 1, 4, 5, 6 and 7. Each slide (t) is provided
with a recess (14) at each side in which is inserted a rod (5) formed with a head
against which bears one end of spring (3) which bears at its other end against
the head of the rod (5) inserted into one recess (1) of the next slide (t). Each
spring (3) surrounds the two rods (t) with which it is used which are each
flat on one side, and holds them together and in position and the springs (13)
move the slides (t) in the directions opposite to those in which they are moved
by the cam (h) acting upon them.
Fig. 12 is a front elevation and Fig. 13 a side elevation of a machine con-
structed according to my invention with two cams (h) and two sets of levers (b)
and dies or blocks (a) operating substantially like the cam (h), levers (b) and
dies or blocks (a) employed in the machine illustrated by Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. 6.
and 7. Fig. 14 is a vertical section taken on the plane indicated by the line DD
of Fig. 12 and showing more clearly than is possible in Figs. 12 and 13 the
construction and arrangement of the levers (b) employed in the machine illus-
trated by Figs. 12 and 13 and Figs. 15 and 16 are front elevations of two of
the said levers shown separately. The two camis (h) employed in the machine
illustrated in Figs. 12 and 13 which with the shaft on which they are mounted

page_text: and some other parts are shown in Fig. 12 in side elevation are mounted upon
and capable of being revolved by while movable lengthwise of one shaft (f)
which is mounted like the shaft (f) illustrated in Fig. 1, in bearings formed
in standards (e) and is provided with a fast pulley (9) and a loose pulley (g¹).
The cam (h) nearest the front of the machine is formed with grooves to receive
two keys (2) which are capable of being slidden lengthwise in grooves formed
in the shaft (f) and are each provided with ears or projections (h³) to engage
with opposite ends of the said cam (h) and also with ears or projections (h) to
engage with opposite faces of a grooved collar (5) mounted upon the shaft (f)
and capable of being moved longitudinally thereof. The cam (h) nearest the
rear of the machine is formed with grooves with which the keys (2) aforesaid
engage, so that while, the said cam (h) can be moved in relation to the said
keys (2) and the said keys (2) can be moved in relation to the said cam (h)
lengthwise of the shaft (f) the said keys (2) shall cause both cams (h) to revolve
with the shaft (f). The keys (2) are placed in position in the cams (h) and
collar (5) before the cams (h) and collar (h5) are placed upon the shaft (f).
A treadle () is provided for the movement of each cam (h), one treadle (i) being
placed at each side of the machine and the two cams (h) are arranged to be
moved in opposite directions by the depression of the treadles (2) respectively
used therewith. Each treadle (2) is arranged similarly to the treadle (2) here-
inbefore described in reference to Figs. 1 and 2, and one, that is the one on
the right hand of the machine, is arranged to move the fork (¹) engaging
with the collar (7) connected to the cam (h) nearest the front of the machine and
the other that is to say the one on the left hand of the machine is arranged to
move the fork (¹) engaging with the cam (h) nearest the rear of the machine.
Each of the levers (b) employed in conjunction with the cam (h) nearest the
front of the machine is formed in two parts secured together by bolts and is
provided with a barrel (61) surrounding the barrel (6¹) of one of the levers (b)
employed in conjunction with the cam (h) nearest the rear of the machine.
The arms (63) of the levers (b) moved by the cam (h) nearest the rear of the
machine are nearer the back of the machine than the arms (63) of the levers (6)
which are capable of being oscillated on the barrels (61) thereof and the arms (*)
of the levers (b) moved by the cam (h) nearer the rear of the machine are
nearer the front of the machine than the arms (b) of the levers (6) capable of
being oscillated on the barrels (62) thereof. As the dies or blocks (a) nearest
the front of the machine are the more easily accessible it is preferable to so
arrange the dies or blocks (a) upon the two sets of levers (6) moved by means of
the two cams (h) that the dies or blocks (a) upon the arms (6) nearest the
front of the machine may be used in performing the first operation upon the articles
or objects to be operated upon by means of the machine and that the
dies or blocks (a) upon the arms (6*) nearer the rear of the machine may be
used in finishing or performing the second operation upon the articles or objects
to be operated upon by means of the machine. Except in so far as has been
hereinbefore described the machine illustrated by Figs. 12 and 13 is similar
to the machine illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2. Each cam employed to move the
dies or blocks in a machine constructed according to this part of my invention
must be made circular or practically circular at one end in order that by the
circular part thereof being made to bear upon the parts by means of which
such cam moves the said blocks or dies, such blocks or dies may be held stationary
or approximately stationary as may be requisite from time to time. Each cam
employed to move the dies or blocks employed in a machine constructed accord-
ing to this part of my invention is made so that the intersection of the surface
of such cam by any plane passing through the axis or centre-line of such cam
is a straight line so as to render it more easy to move such cam in the direction
of its axis or centre-line and in order to render such cam more easy to make.
Fig. 17 of the accompanying drawings is a side elevation in part a vertical
section serving with Figs. 18 and 19 which are respectively a front elevation

page_text: and a side elevation of a roller mounted in a carrier capable of oscillation,
to illustrate the manner in which the rollers or bearing parts employed to
receive motion from a cam in a machine constructed according to this part of
my invention may be arranged in parts capable of being oscillated in relation
to the levers or slides in conjunction with which such rollers or bearing parts
are employed. In Fig. 17 (h) is a portion of the cam or one of the cains (h)
employed in a machine constructed according to this part of my invention
and (b) is a portion of a lever (b) similar to one of the levers (b) herein before
described in reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7. The roller (p) by means of which
the cam (h) of which part is illustrated in Fig. 17 is intended to move the
lever (b) of which part is illustrated in the said figure is provided with two
flanges which are provided with cylindrical parts to bear against the cam (h) and
are connected by means of a cylindrical shank which is embraced by and held
in a yoke (w) provided with trunnions (10) capable of being oscillated in bearings
formed in the lever (b) which is provided with a recess into which the yoke (w)
and the greater part of the roller (p) may pass.
The springs used with the lever (b) of which part is shown in Fig. 17 and
the other levers (6) used therewith serve to hold the roller (p) in the yoke (w)
and the yoke (w) in the said lever (b) but the yoke (w) is provided with a filling
piece (3) which is held therein by means of pins screwed into the yoke (20)
and serves to hold the roller (p) in the yoke (w) in case it should be moved out
of contact with the cam (h) with which it is used.
Fig. 20 is a side elevation and Fig. 21 a transverse section taken on the plane
indicated by the line (HH) of Fig. 20 illustrating a casing (c¹) formed upon the
rear standard (c) carrying the levers (b) employed in a machine similar to that
illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 and a lid (c) applied to such casing (c) and pro-
vided with a branched pipe (a) for the supply of oil or other suitable lubricant
to the cam (h) within such casing (c) and lid (c2) and the rollers (7) bearing
thereon. The hole G indicated in Fig. 21 is formed in the standard (c) shown
therein for the passage of the cam (h) and rod (m³). Fig. 22 is a side elevation
and Fig. 23 a transverse section taken on the plane indicated by the line EE
of Fig. 22 and viewed in the direction indicated by the arrow .F of Fig. 22 and
showing parts of the levers (b) similar to those actuated by the front cam (h)
of a machine similar to that illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 and illus-
trating the manner in which the levers (b) of machines either of the
form illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2 or of the form illustrated
Figs. 12 and 13 may be provided with webs (y) each over-lapping
slightly the webs (1) of the adjacent levers (5) so that oil or other lubricating
material freely supplied to the cams (h) used with such levers (6) and the
rollers (p) bearing upon such cams (4) may be prevented from passing to articles
or objects being operated upon in such machines. The machines illustrated
by Figs. 1 and 2 and Figs. 12 and 13 are shown as provided with the casings (c)
although the other appliances which may be provided for the lubrication of the
cams (h) and the rollers (p) therein are not illustrated in such figures.
by
The description herein before given of the machine illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2
and Figs. 12 and 13 of the accompanying drawings will suffice to render clear
the manner in which the other forms of machines which, as has herein before
been described, may be constructed according to this part of my invention.
Machines may be constructed according to this part of my invention for use
in drawing down the tangs of table-knives, for sharpening miners' picks and
rock-drills and for forging or swaging round articles and for many other pur-
poses, and the machines made according to this part of my invention are capable
of being readily adjusted while in use in order to operate to the extent and in
the manner requisite upon the articles or objects being operated upon and are
consequently capable of being easily used for operations which have been difficult
or impossible to perform with forging, swaging, or hammering machines

page_text: hitherto constructed and in comparison with their efficiency are simple and
consist of few parts.
The hereinbefore described arrangements by which the contact between cams
and bearing parts and rollers employed in forging, swaging or hammering
machines constructed according to this part of my invention is enabled to be
by lines or surfaces rather than by points form in themselves a part of my
invention, and enable wear of the cains and rollers or bearing parts in contact
therewith to be very largely avoided.
The object of a further part of my invention is to arrange that while the
springs employed in conjunction with the levers or slides or other parts carrying
the blocks or dies which move in order to act upon articles or objects to be
operated upon either in forging, swaging or hammering machines of any of the
forms which may be constructed according to the first part of my invention or
in forging, swaging or hammering machines of other kinds, may be capable of
acting in the manner requisite upon the levers or slides in conjunction with which
they are employed, the parts by which the said springs bear against the parts in
conjunction with which such springs are employed shall not be required to move
as much in relation to each other as the movable parts against which they bear
are made to move in relation to the terminal points or positions of their move-
ment and by so arranging the said springs to avoid the loss of power involved
in the use of springs which are continually compressed and allowed to expand
or extended and allowed to contract.
According to one form of this part of my invention as applied to a machine
constructed according to the first part of my invention, I provide in conjunction
with the levers or slides employed in such machines two or more springs each
of which is arranged to act in conjunction with two of the levers or slides and
move them in directions opposite to those in which they are moved by the cam
or cams employed in conjunction with them and so arrange each of such springs
that the parts upon which it bears or to which it is connected shall be parts
which though, arranged to move shall in their movements remain at the same
or approximately the same distance apart.
This form of this part of my invention is illustrated by Figs. 3 and 4 and
Fig. 10 of the accompanying drawings which have been hereinbefore described
in reference to the first part of my invention. Each of the springs (r) which
are illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4 is arranged in conjunction with two of the
levers (b) and so that by pressing against the arm (b) of one lever (b) and the
arm (65) of another lever (b) it tends to move each of such levers (b) in the
direction opposite to that in which it is moved by the cam (h). As one block
or die (a) is moved towards the centre-line of the space around which the dies
or blocks are arranged, as the adjacent die or block is moved away from such
centre-line, the distance between the arm (6) of one lever (6) and the adjacent
arm (65) of the next lever (b) does not vary much and consequently the distance
between the two ends of the spring (r) bearing against them undergoes little
change. In a similar manner each of the springs (13) illustrated by Fig. 10
acts in conjunction with two of the slides illustrated in such figure.
According to another form of this part of my invention I provide in conjunc-
tion with the dies or blocks employed in a forging, swaging or hammering
machine a spring or springs which or each of which is connected to or caused
to act upon or in conjunction with a lever or levers which is or are connected
to two of the said dies or blocks or parts arranged to move therewith and arrange
such lever or levers so that the parts upon which the said spring or springs
bears or bear shall have no or little relative movement.
This form of this part of my invention is illustrated by Fig. 24 of the accom-
panying drawings which is a transverse section in part a front elevation of a
portion of a forging, swaging or hammering machine sufficient to illustrate the
application of this form of this part of my invention. (z) (z) are two of the

page_text: plungers to which the dies or blocks of the forging, swaging or hammering
machine are secured and (2) is the shaft on which the cams or excentrics (3)
to move the plungers (z) to cause the dies thereon to strike the articles or objects
to be operated upon thereby are formed, and (4) (4) are the slides or guides in
which the plungers (2) are guided. In each of the plungers (2) is formed a
cavity (2) into which projects one arm (5%) of a lever (5) capable of being oscil-
lated about a stud (6) secured in jaws formed at the lower end of a rod (6)
surrounded by a spiral spring (7). The rod (6) and spring (7) are placed in a
cavity formed in the framework in which the slides or guides (4) are formed.
The spring (7) bears at its upper end against a collar secured upon the rod (6)
by means of a nut and at the lower end bears against a collar or washer (8)
resting on pins (9) inserted in the framework in which the slides or guides (4) (4)
are formed.
Each arm (5") of the lever (5) is provided on its upper side with a rounded
face to bear against a bearing face provided in the plunger (z) in conjunction
with which the said arm (5") is employed. The spring (7) tending to raise the
lever (5) serves to raise the plungers (2) after they have been moved downwards
by means of the cams or excentrics (3) and as the cams or excentrics (3) are so
arranged that each moves the plunger (2) with which it is employed downwards
at a different time the one arm (5") of the lever (5) being depressed or raised in
relation to the other arm thereof, the stud (6) is not caused to move upwards
and downwards to the same extent as either of the plungers (2) and the die or
block connected thereto and if the two cams or excentrics (3) be so arranged
that the plungers (2) with which one is used shall be caused to descend while
that with which the other is used is caused to rise, the stud (6") need not move
at all and consequently the distance between the two ends of the spring (7)
may remain uniform.
By arranging springs according to this part of my invention I avoid the loss
of power involved in springs which are continually compressed and allowed to
expand or extended and allowed to contract.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. A machine for forging, swaging or hammering, furnished with dies or
blocks arranged in conjunction with springs and actuated by means of a cam or
cams capable of being moved in the direction of its or their axes by means of a
treadle or treadles or other suitable means and arranged to actuate such dies
or blocks by means of levers or slides substantially in the manner and for the
purposes herein before described.
2. In a machine for forging, swaging or hammering furnished with dies or
blocks arranged in conjunction with springs and actuated by means of a cam
or cams capable of being moved in the direction of its or their axes by means
of a treadle or treadles or other suitable means substantially in the manner and
for the purposes herein before described the hereinbefore described arrange-
ment whereby the contact between the cam or cams aforesaid and the part or
parts on which it or they acts or act to move the dies or blocks aforesaid is
enabled to be by lines or surfaces rather than by points all arranged and
employed substantially in the manner and for the
purposes herein before
described.
3. In a machine for forging, swaging or hammering furnished with dies or blocks
arranged in conjunction with springs and actuated by means of a cam or cams
capable of being moved in the direction of its or their axes by means of a treadle
or treadles or other suitable means substantially in the manner and for the pur-
poses hereinbefore described, springs each arranged so that it shall for the
purpose and substantially in the manner herein before described act upon two
of the parts which are moved by the said cam or cams to move the dies or

page_text: blocks and move the dies or blocks operated by means of the two parts with
which it is employed in the direction opposite to that in which they are moved
by the cam or cams aforesaid.
4. In a machine for forging, swaging or hammering, and provided with two
or more blocks or dies arranged to be each moved in one direction by means of
an excentric or cam provided to move it, a spring or springs arranged for the
purpose and substantially in the manner hereinbefore described to act upon a
lever or levers which or each of which is connected to two of the said dies or
blocks or parts used therewith.
Dated this Nineteenth day of October 1898.
HOWARD CНЕЕТНАМ, ;
Manchester, Agent to the Applicant.¨¯