IMPROVEMENTS IN TH SHORT AND Aro hung ” CONSTRUCTION OF SMOKE AND AID FLUES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Augustus Frederick Livesay, of Sandrock, Chale,
in the Isle of Wight, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TH
SHORT AND Aro hung ”
CONSTRUCTION OF SMOKE AND AID FLUES"
Sealed the 4th February 1876, and dated the 11th August 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Augustus Frederick
Livesay at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 11th August 1875.
I, AUGUSTUS FREDERICK LIVESAY, of Sandrock, Chale, in the Isle
of Wight, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SMOKE AND AIR FLUES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention is based upon one for which Letters Patent No. 2522,
were granted to Josiah George Jennings, in 1857, and has for its
object,―
Firstly. The construction of smoke and air flues in such a manner and
so economically as to admit of their introduction into houses of more

page_text: moderate pretensions than those in which the patented Invention has
been employed, the cost of carrying out the plan rendering its adoption
prohibitory, except in houses of superior style.
And, Secondly. The maintaining of the flues intact, irrespective of
the settlement to which all new buildings are subject.
The present Invention consists in moulding in terra cotta or other
material, pipes of convenient length of an oval form and of such
dimensions that the extremities of the radii of both the short and long
axes of the oval shall nearly touch the sides of the ordinary smoke fluc
or chimney which is usually built of a quadrilateral form. The ends of
the pipes are rabbeted and are attached to one another by a collar of
hoop iron of such size and diameter as will allow of its being slipped
over the rabbet of the upper end of the lower pipe, while the rabbet of
the lower end of the next upper pipe may be slid into it, and thus course
by course these pipes which constitute the smoke flue may be built, but
in order to maintain it in proper position within the air flue or chimney
each band or collar is furnished with four, or more or less studs or pro-
jections of such length that they shall just reach the sides of the chimney
without entering its surface. It is evident by this means that whatever
sinkings or settlements may take place in the brick or stonework, the
smoke flue will be unaffected and will remain air and smoke tight, more
especially as it is proposed to cover each joint with Portland or other
suitable cement.
It will be seen from the foregoing that the smoke flue only occupies
a portion of the space of the ordinary chimney, the remaining space or
the angles constituting the air flue.
The air flue communicating directly with the atmosphere at its upper
and lower ends admits of the introduction of fresh air, which when
raised in temperature by contact with the hot smoke fluc warms and
ventilates the apartment.
The pipes although preferred of an oval form are not limited thereto,
as they may be made square or any other convenient shape.
By following this plan smoke and air flues may be built most
economically, and all the advantages attendant upon the proper
ventilation by a more costly construction secured.

page_text: VI
filed by the said August Frederick Livesay in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 10th February 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, AUGUSTUS
FREDERICK LIVESAY, of Sandrock, in the Parish of Chale, in the Isle
of Wight, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Augustus Frederick Livesay,
Her special licence that I, the said Augustus Frederick Livesay, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Augustus Frederick Livesay, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SMOKE
AND AIR FLUES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Augustus Frederick Livesay, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Augustus Frederick Livesay, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
to ho nantionleuls docenibed and accontained

page_text: Firstly. The construction of smoke and air flues in such a manner
and so economically as to admit of their introduction into houses of
more moderate pretensions than those in which the patented Invention
has been employed, the cost of carrying out the plan rendering its
adoption prohibitory, except in houses of superior style.
And, Secondly. The maintaining of the flues intact irrespective of
the sinkings and settlements to which all new buildings are subject.
The present Invention consists in moulding in or making of terra
cotta, iron, or other suitable material, pipes of convenient length, of an
oval form and of such dimensions that the extremities of the radii of
both the short and long axes of the oval shall nearly touch the sides of
the ordinary flue or chimney which is usually built of a quadrilateral
form. The ends of the pipes may be rabbeted or plain, and attached to
one another by a collar of hoop iron of such size and diameter as will
allow of its being slipped over the upper end of the lower pipe, while
the lower end of the next upper pipe may be slid into it, and thus course
by course the pipes which constitute the smoke flue may be built, but
in order to maintain it in proper position within the air fluc or chimney,
each band or collar is furnished with four or any other number of studs
or projections of such length that they shall just reach the sides of the
chimney without entering its surface. It is evident by this means that
whatever sinkings or settlements may take place in the brickwork or
stonework, the smoke fluc will be unaffected and will remain air and
smoke tight, more especially as it is proposed to cover each joint with
Portland or other suitable cement.
It will be seen from the foregoing that the smoke flue only occupies a
portion of the space of the ordinary chimney, the remaining space, or the
angles constituting the air flue.
The smoke flue is of course only open to the fire-place at one end and the
chimney top at the other; the air flue communicating directly with the
atmosphere at its upper and lower ends admits the introduction of fresh
air, which when raised in temperature by contact with the hot smoke
flue warms and ventilates the apartments.

page_text: The pipes although preferred of an oval form (because they can be
carried up within the space of an ordinary sized fluc, namely, 14 inches
by 9 inches, thereby avoiding any extra thickness of chimney breast)
are not limited thereto, as they may be made circular or any other
convenient shape.
by 10llowing this plau suioke
and ai
Dues may
UC II L IIOS Ե
economically, and all the advantages attendant upon proper warming
and ventilation by a more costly construction secured.
Having now described and particularly set forth the nature of this
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that I do not confine
or restrict myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have
described or referred to, as variations may be made therefrom without
deviating from the principles or main features of this Invention; but
what I consider to be novel and original and therefore claim as the
Invention secured to me by the berein-before in part recited Letters

page_text: Patent is, the construction of smoke and air flues by building or inserting
within an ordinary chimney flue pipes, the joints of which are formed as
described and shewn on the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Augustus Frederick Livesay, have
hereunto set my hand and scal, this Ninth day of February, 5
in the year of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and
seventy-six.
AUGT. F. LIVESAY. (L.S.)