Improvements in Looms for Weaving Fabrics with Diagonal Warps of Cane or other Material.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Nov., 1895-Accepted, 11th Jan., 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Looms for Weaving Fabrics with Diagonal Warps
of Cane or other Material.
I CHARLES CROMPTON of Worcester in the State of Massachusetts one of the
United States of America, Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
This invention has for its object the production of a loom for the automatic
manufacture of fabric having warp and weft crossing one the other, and also having
diagonal warp, my novel loom being adapted among other things to the weaving of
that class of fabric employed for chair and other seats wherein cane and similar
stiff material is used, the construction and operation of the parts being such that
the natural hardened shell of the cane may be presented always at one side of
the fabric being produced, but it will be understood that I may, in my novel loom,
use warp and weft, and diagonal warp, of any usual or suitable materials, that
depending upon the fabric which it is desired to produce.
My improved loom contains a plurality of tracks, one or more of them,
preferably all of them, having an up-and-down movement and having loosely
mounted upon them a series of diagonal warp carriers, represented as spools or
disks provided with needles or tubes through which the diagonal warps are led
independently into the fabric.
These diagonal warp carriers are free to be slid along said tracks step by step
from one to the other side of the loom or the fabric being woven therein, the
movement being effected by suitable pushers to be described, so that a diagonal
warp wound upon a warp carrier may be inserted at one pick at or near one
selvage and then be moved laterally to insert its thread at a subsequent pick at a
point farther from the selvage of the fabric, and so on across the fabric.
It will be understood that the carriers having the diagonal warps which are
moved across the loom in one direction in weaving must, in order to make a uniform
fabric, travel back across the loom in the opposite direction, and to do this, the
carriers are made to travel in one direction on one track, and back on another track,
and in the form in which I have chosen to illustrate my invention one of the tracks
is above and another track below the main or body warp of the fabric, but my
invention would be useful and practical for the production of some classes of fabric
if the tracks were all in substantially the same horizontal plane rather than in
different horizontal planes.
To enable me to take the carriers intermittingly from one to the other track,
however, relatively located, I have devised a transferrer upon which said carriers
may be placed one after another at the proper times or in an established order, by
a pick-off to be described, and said transferrer, it having received a carrier,-is
then moved to place the carrier just deposited upon it, opposite the end of the other
track upon which the carrier is to be applied preparatory to traversing the loom or
fabric in the opposite direction, the carrier being removed from the transferrer by
a pusher, there being a pick-off and a pusher for each transferrer, as will be herein-
after described.
In the form in which I have chosen to illustrate my invention,-it being supposed
that the spool of the carrier is supplied with a diagonal warp having a glazed face,
as is the case when cane is used, it is obvious that the said face must be presented
always at the same side of the fabric, as for instance, the face of the fabric, and to
provide for this I have devised mechanism whereby the carrier, in moving from

page_text: above the body warps into position below the body warps, is made to travel through
an arc of about 180°, and when the carrier goes from the lower to the upper tracks
it is moved back in the same are but at the opposite edge of the fabric, instead of
rotating in a complete circle.
The carriers are mounted loosely side by side on the track and are more or less
in number according to the width or character of the fabric, and to provide for
sliding the entire series of carriers along the track in order that the strands
contained by the carriers may be laid diagonally, I have devised means for
imparting such movement to the pusher that it acts not only to move a carrier
from a transferrer onto a track, but also to move the entire series of carriers on the
track when the tubes or needles thereof are unobstructed by body warps, thus
shifting the entire series of carriers for a suitable distance, according to the fabric
being woven, and, as I have herein illustrated my invention, the lateral shifting of
the carriers is effected on the uppermost track while the latter is in or about in its
elevated position, said pusher leaving the endmost carrier acted directly upon by
it sufficiently distant from the receiving end of said track to afford ample space for
the reception of the next carrier which it is desired to put onto said track, said
carrier being brought by a transferrer opposite the receiving end of said track.
In the form in which I have herein illustrated my invention, I have utilized one
and the same pusher, as stated, to not only shift the entire series of carriers on
the track, but also to put a carrier from a transferrer onto said track, but my
invention is not in this particular necessarily limited to the use of one and the same
pusher, as it will be obvious to one skilled in the art that other pusher contrivances
might be devised for pushing a carrier from a transferrer onto a track, and for
pushing the entire series of carriers on the track, with but the exercise of mechanical
rather than inventive skill.
The movements of the pushers to push a carrier from a transferrer onto a track
will preferably be of such extent as to put the carrier on the track without
necessarily displacing any of the carriers already on the track.
To certainly take the carriers, one after another, from one end of the track and
put them onto the transferrers I have devised a pick-off, which, in this present form
of my invention is made as a magnet, said pick-off being made at the proper times
to engage one of the carriers, and, having engaged the same, be moved away from
the track to thus pick or pull off therefrom a carrier and put it onto a transferrer,
by which it is moved next the end of another track.
These magnets will preferably be of soft iron connected in electric circuit so as
to be excited when they are to engage a carrier and put it onto a transferrer.
I have also devised what I may designate as a mesh gage, it serving to gage the
size of the open spaces or meshes of the fabric, said mesh gage consisting essentially
of a bar having a series of pins to enter the spaces between the warps vacated by
the reed, and remain there while the shed is formed and for one or more picks,
preferably two picks, or while the filling is being laid to make the other side of a
row of meshes or openings.
The reed employed by me consists essentially of a bar having a series of strong
upright pins, the free ends of which, as the reed goes forward to beat in the filling
or weft, rises between the warps, both the body warps and the diagonal warps.
During alternate forward movements of the lay to beat in the filling or weft, the
carriers are shifted laterally upon their tracks and the next shed is formed, the
lateral movement of the carriers causing the diagonal warps carried by them to be
laid or placed diagonally across the spaces between the adjacent body warps, thus
closing the path through which the pins of the reed moved, when the latter was
driven forward to the breast beam. The upward and downward movement of the
tracks on which the carriers are made to slide laterally, enables the ends of the tubes
or needles of the carriers, to place the diagonal warps above or below the plane of
the body warps at the proper times, so as to form between the said diagonal warps
and body warps proper sheds for the passage of the weft inserter or needle employed
to insert the filling or weft in the shed.

page_text: I have also combined with the weft inserter when made as a needle, a cutting
mechanism, which severs the weft strand which may be of cane, between the edge
of the fabric and the end of the needle after the latter has been retracted from the
shed, the said needle during its retraction from the shed sliding along the weft
strand held at the opposite edge of, the fabric by a suitable clamp.
If the weft should not be cut off as stated, it would have to be inserted double
into the shed, which is not desirable with cane and the like stiff weft strand.
Cutting the weft strand off uniformly distant from the end of the needle also
enables just the proper amount of weft strand protruding from the end of the needle
to be grasped by the weft clamp or catcher at the edge of the fabric opposite that
at which the needle enters the shed; but in case a spun filling should be used, this
cutting mechanism would be omitted, and the catcher might be of any known kind
Euch as usually employed in connection with looms using a needle for the insertion
of filling or weft, as for instance, as in looms for weaving tufted carpets and
the like.
This invention is not limited to any particular number of sets of tracks and
carriers mounted thereon, or the number of tubes or guides connected with each
carrier, as that inay depend upon the particular pattern or class of fabric to be
woven; nor is the invention to be hereinafter described limited to the particular
devices herein to be shown for actuating the essential parts herein before briefly
defined, as said actuating means may be varied within the skill of a mechanic and
without the exercise of invention.
Different patterns of open-meshed and other fabrics may be woven by the
employment of carriers having the capacity of supplying diagonal warps of different
character; or by locking the differing diagonal warps into the fabric at desired
distances apart, and in desired orders.
Prior to my invention I am not aware that a loom has ever been provided with
a series of warp-carrying spools which are adapted to be moved across the fabric
being woven step by step along one track and then returned automatically along
another track, or returned in any manner along a track.
Having described the position occupied by my invention with relation to the state
of the art, and believing my invention to be a broad one, the particular features
claimed by me will be hereinafter more fully described in the Specification to follow,
and in the claim at the end thereof.
Fig. 1, in perspective, shows a loom embodying my invention, the breast or
feeding roll, and some of the parts at the front of the loom, together with most of
the diagonal warp carriers and needles, being omitted.
Fig. 2 is a partial front elevation of the loom, the breast or feeding roll being
omitted and some of the parts which are duplicates being left off, other parts being
omitted to show parts of the rear, said fig. showing the reed and tracks t, t'
broken mostly away, the part left of the upper track having on it a series of
carriers arranged closely together as they will in practice be arranged on ench
track;
Fig. 2 shows a top view and an inner end view of the auxiliary pusher
co-operating with the lower track;
Fig. 3 is an elevation showing some of the parts at the right-hand side of the
loom, and some of the levers and devices just inside the said frame-work as shown
in Fig. 10;
Fig. 4, a detail as to the mechanism for actuating the lathe ;
Fig. 5, a detail of the driving mechanism for the lathe-shaft;
Fig. 6 shows part of the track t, its support, and actuating cam ;
Fig. 7 is a left-hand end elevation of the loom, the transferrer, pick-off, and their
actuating parts shown in Figs. 1 and 2 being omitted;
Fig. 8, a modification to be referred to, to enable the loom to be provided with
textile body warps;
Fig. 9, a detail of the harness levers and cams;
Fio QA a view looking to the left of the section line Fig 7:

page_text: Fig. 9, a section of the parts shown in Fig. 9;
Fig. 10 is a detail view in plan of parts of the loom below the irregular dotted
line, Fig. 2;
Fig. 10 shows the dwell gear in side elevation, together with the shaft actuated
by it;
Fig. 10, a detail showing part of track t¹ with some diagonal warp or strand
carriers thereon in section, and a locking device to hold one of the carriers ;
Fig. 10, a section on the line a¹, Fig. 10B;
Figs. 11, 12, 13 and 14 are details showing the weft inserting needle or device
and its actuating means;
Fig. 14, on a larger scale, shows in elevation and in section, a diagonal warp
carrier and its spool detached ;
Fig. 14, a top or plan view of the pick-off at the right-hand side of the loom;
Fig. 14, a view looking from the dotted line, Fig. 14";
Fig. 14, a section at one side the dotted line 7, Fig. 14;
Fig. 15 is a sectional detail on line 2, Fig. 16, showing the mesh gage and its
actuating devices omitted from Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4;
Fig. 16, a front end view of the devices shown in Fig. 15 ;
Fig. 17 shows a modified form of diagonal warp carrier having a plurality of
needles;
Figs. 18 to 24 inclusive, show parts of the tracks with some diagonal warp carriers
thereon, the spools or bobbins of the carriers being omitted, the transferrers, the
two pushers, the pick-offs, and the weft inserting needle, said figures showing
different positions of said carriers throughout a round or cycle of their operation,
some of said figures also showing alongside of them the positions of the transferrers
at one or the other ends of the tracks when the diagonal warp carriers are in the
positions shown in the particular figures; Fig. 18 showing some of the tubes of
their full length, most of the tubes on said figs. being, however, shortened to avoid
crowding the drawing;
Fig. 25 shows a few body and diagonal warp threads united by a weft to make
a cane fabric;
Fig. 26 is an enlarged detail of the weft detainer or clamp.
The 'oom frame A is and may be of suitable shape to sustain the working
parts.
The frame has bearings for a suitable power shaft A', see Fig. 10, provided with
any usual or suitable driving pulley under the control of a suitable shipper or device,
whereby the loom may be started or stopped as desired.
The power shaft has a pinion A 2 which engages a toothed gear A3 fast on the
main or cam shaft A4, said cam shaft being provided as represented with a tooth
gear A 5 which acts upon au intermediate pinion A6 and rotates a bevel gear A 7
which in turn engages a bevel gear A 8 mounted on a short shaft A 9 supported in
suitable bearings in a stand A 10 connected with the loom frame, said shaft having
an arm A 12 to which is suitably connected a link A 13 in turn jointed, see Fig. 11,
to an arm A 14, pivoted at A1, on a stand A. 16, said arm A 14 having a bearing
at its upper end for the reception of a stud A. 17 on which is mounted to turn a hub
connected to the upper end of a casting A 18 mounted to turn on the pivot A 15
and shaped to have bolted to it by bolts 600 and thus constitute a holder for the
lower end of the lever A 19, the upper end of said lever being attached by
a link A 20 to a carriage A 21 to which in this instance of my invention is attached
one end of the weft inserter or needle A 22 used to introduce the weft, said
inserter or needle being represented as hollow and as adapted to slide in a
guide A 23.
The carriage A 21 runs freely on a rod B, fixed with relation to the frame-work,
the carriage being prevented from overturning by entering a slot, shown best
in Fig. 1, in guide B.
The inner end of the weft inserter is also in this instance of my invention made to
work through a hole in a block B 2, see Figs. 1, 12 and 13, said block also forming

page_text: one member of a weft cutting mechanism, the other member thereof consisting of a
blade or device B 3, represented as pivoted and as connected by a rod B4 with a
slide B 5 mounted on a guide B 6, said slide being normally elevated in this instance
of my invention by a contractile spring B7, the said slide being adapted to
be depressed at the proper time to actuate the cutter and cut off the filling as
will be described, by the action of a pin B8, which may be carried by the
link A 13 before described, said pin acting on a projecting part or shelf of the
slide B 5.
The weft inserter or needle herein shown has at its inner end, see Fig. 14, a
pivoted dog B 9, which is acted upon by a suitable spring B 10, so that said dog
engages the weft or filling led through said needle and acts to carry the same
positively with it into the shed, such dog, or some equivalent device being
necessary, especially when the filling is of a stiff or slippery material like cane
or wire.
This invention is not, however, limited to the particular construction shown for
the filling inserter, nor to the means for actuating it, as it may derive its motion in
various ways and produce the same result, and instead of the particular filling
inserter, may use any other usual or suitable filling inserter adapted for instance
to insert a textile or spun filling as in weaving of textile fabrics.
Suitably supported upon the loom above and back beyond the guide B¹,
see Figs. 1, 2, 3, 14 and 14°, is a bearing B1, which receives the shaft B13 of
the transferrer B, said transferrer having two arms from which project
wings 10 and 12.
The head of the transferrer B14, see Figs. 3 and 14°, has two notches 13, and the
shaft of the transferrer has fast upon it a tooth gear 14, see Figs. 1, 2, 14 and 18,
which is engaged and rotated at proper times by a train of gears, see dotted
lines Fig 3, composed of a gear 15, a pinion 16, engaged by a pinion 17, fast on a
gear 18, driven by a pinion 19 splined on a shaft 20 and having an annularly
grooved hub embraced by the forked end of a lever 21 mounted on a stud 22, and
having at its rear end a suitable roller or other stud which enters the groove in the
cam hub 23 fast on shaft A', so as to slide gear 19 into and out of engagement at
regular intervals with relation to gear 18.
The shaft of the transferrer B is thus rotated intermittingly by the gears
referred to, at the proper times, and its wings 10, 12, must be made to stand evenly
and squarely with relation to the tracks t, t¹, to be described, and to aid in
positioning these wings accurately I have provided the loom with a locking
device 25, see Fig. 3, composed, as herein represented, of a lever having a roll, a
spring 26 acting on the lever causing said roll to ride on a hub of the transferrer
and enter one of two notches 13 thereof, see Fig. 14º, as soon as the wings of said
transferrer arrive in alignment with the tracks.
Each transferrer will in practice have a like locking device.
Instead of the particular locking device shown, I may employ any other
equivalent device.
The diagonal warp carrier, see Fig. 144, is composed essentially of a body part m,
grooved to fit and slide on a track t or t¹, said body having arms m³, m³, between
which is mounted a spool or disk bobbin m³, on which is wound the diagonal weft,
said weft being either cane, wire or fibrous material, and a needle or tube m' having
a suitable delivery eye for the diagonal warp.
As shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 144, the spool or bobbin is very thin and its side
walls are separated about the width of the cane, and the journals of the spool
projected from each end thereof enter notches in the arms m', m³, as shown in
Fig. 17, they being preferably spring arms to bear against the spool and by their
friction prevent the too rapid or easy rotation thereof.
The notches in the bodies of the carriers are shown as of dovetail shape in cross
section, and the tracks embraced by said bodies are of like shape, so that said
carriers may be slid along said tracks from end to end and be transferred from one
to the other track.

page_text: The loom near.its front has a cross brace or girth B¹×, shown partially in
Figs. 2, 14 and 14°, and represented by dotted lines in Figs. 3 and 7.
To the inner side of the girth is suitably bolted a stand h, see Figs. 14B and 14º,
having a guide-way ', in which is placed the shank 2 of a pick-off device having,
as herein shown an electro-magnet ³, provided with an extended pole-piece *,
which is adapted to engage a portion of one of the diagonal warp carriers m,
preferably its body, the magnet, it having been excited, engaging and pulling the
carrier from the lowermost track t, and putting it upon that wing of the trans-
ferrer B, then opposite it, the pick-off during such operation being moved positively
by suitable actuating mechanism, herein represented as a lever h³, mounted on a
stud of the stand h, said lever at its upper end being slotted to embrace a stud h³,
projected from the shank 2, the opposite end of said lever having jointed to it a
rod, in turn attached to one arm of a rocker shaft h, having its rearwardly
extended arm provided with a roller or other stud 10, which bears upon a cam h¹³,
see Fig. 10, fast on the main shaft A*.
The magnet referred to is in an electric circuit on wires h¹³, h", the finger ¹³
connected with the wire h¹³ making electrical connection with the metal plate h¹
carried by the shank of the magnet, so that when the magnet is thrown back out
of working position, the circuit will be broken, and when in position to engage a
part of a diagonal warp carrier and pull it off a track, the circuit will be closed.
Going now to the opposite side of the loom, the loom side has a stand C, see
Fig. 2, which receives stud 30, upon which is mounted an elbow-lever C¹, one
arm of which is slotted to embrace a pin on the auxiliary pusher C³, represented
as a bar adapted to slide in a bearing C³, fixed to said stand, the inner end of said
pusher being shaped substantially as shown in Figs. 2 and 24, to act upon a part of
one of the diagonal warp carriers, as in Figs. 20 and 21, and push it from the
lowermost wing of the transferrer C located at that side of the loom, and put the
said carrier onto the lowermost track t at the desired time, and also to act a second
time as represented in Figs. 18, 19, where the tracks t, t¹ are separated to meet the
endmost carrier on the track t and push or feed the entire series of carriers along
on the said track in order that at the next shed the said carriers may put the
diagonal warps carried by them into the fabric a little farther distant from the edge
of the fabric from which the said carrier is travelling.
The transferrer C₁ at the left-hand side of the loom is just like the transferrer B 14
at the right hand side of the loom and before described, so I have omitted it from
Fig. 1, but I have shown in place the pinion a' on its shaft, which pinion is rotated
by a train of gearing slightly different from that for moving pinion 14 on
transferrer B, there being one less gear in the train for driving transferrer C 4,
said gears being also of a different size, so that said transferrer C 4 has imparted to
it not only a slower motion, but a motion in the opposite direction from that of the
transferrer B 14.
The direction of rotation of the transferrer C 4 is such as to take a carrier from
the upper track t¹ and carry it back and down to the lower track in substantially
two steps of about 90° each, but the direction of rotation of the transferrer B 14 is
such as
to take a carrier from the lower track t and move backwardly and
upwardly to the upper track, and the transferrer B 14 turns through an arc of sub-
stantially 180°, while the transferrer C travels through an arc of substantially 90°.
The transferrer B 14 takes a carrier from the lower track and carries it by a
quick motion to the upper track, and then rests while the weft inserter enters and
retires from the shed, and when the transferrer B 14 rests, the transferrer C 4 is
completing the second half of its movement.
Referring to Fig. 2, the shaft 20 has fast on it a pinion a which engages a
toothed gear a', the hub of which has a pinion a³, which engages a gear a³, which
in turn engages a gear a 4, fast on the shaft of the transferrer C 4.
By working the transferrers in opposite directions, as stated, or down in the rear
half of a circle and up again in the same half of the circle at the opposite ends of
the tracks, it is possible to keep the same natural hard-coated face of a strand of

page_text: diagonal warp uppermost whether the same is being introduced into the fabric
from the upper side or from the lower side of the body or standing warps.
The shaft A 4 has fast upon it a dwell gear D, it being herein represented as
provided with two segmental series or sets of teeth, see Figs. 10 and 10A, each
extended from about 90° about its periphery and about 90° apart, the said gear
having extended laterally from it opposite its blank spaces segmental flanges D*,
which are acted upon intermittingly by a locking projection D' connected to a
pinion D2, having preferably one of its teeth removed so that said dwell gear may
rotate said pinion intermittingly, said pinion in the present embodiment of my
invention being rotated once and then left at rest until again to be rotated.
The pinion D 2 is fast on a short shaft D 3, having a bevel gear D 4 which engages
a bevel gear D 5 on a shaft D 6, having a second bevel gear D 7 engaging a bevel
gear D8 on a shaft D 9, said shaft having a bevel gear D 10, which engages a
bevel gear D 12 fast on and to rotate the shaft 20 before described, the said shaft
being thus rotated intermittingly twice with a dwell between each rotation, while
the gear D on shaft A 4 is rotated once.
The pick-off b, see Fig. 2, located at the left hand side of the loom is also, as
I have herein chosen to represent my invention, made as a magnet having a pole
piece b', which, in the reciprocation of that pick-off is adapted to engage part of a
diagonal warp carrier and pull the same from the upper track t', as described of
the pick-off at the right-hand side of the loom, upon that wing of the transferrer C4
then opposite the end of that track, both transferrers being stationary during the
operation of the pick-off.
The shank 6x of the pick-off extended through a suitable guide 63, see Figs. 1
and 2, is provided with a suitable pin or projection, which is engaged by a bell-
crank lever 3 pivoted at 64, said bell crank lever being joined by a rod 6,5, see
Fig. 1, with a lever 66, see Figs. 1, 7 and 10, adapted to be actuated by a cam 67
fast on the main shaft A 4, a suitable spring 34, see Fig. 1, serving to keep a roller
or other stud of the said lever in contact with the said cam, the outer end of the
shank 6x being shown in Fig. 10, as slotted to straddle the shaft D 9, the latter
preventing the said shank from rotation.
Immediately behind the cam 67 is a cam 68, see Fig. 10, which actuates a lever & 9
jointed to a link 6 10, see Fig. 2, which link is connected to and moves the elbow
lever C, which actuates the pusher C 2, before described.
The main shaft has two suitable cams d, d', shown best in Figs. 9 and 10, which
actuate harness or treadle levers d 2, d3, joined in usual manner at their forward
ends, by rode or other suitable connections d 4, d 5, with the undersides of heddle
frames d 6, d 7, shown best in Fig. 2, each frame being provided with suitable
heddles d8, having eyes for the reception of the main longitudinal or body warp
threads w¹, which may come into said heddle-eyes from any suitable source
according to the material being used for the main or body warp, as for instance,
if cane is being woven and that material is used for the body warp it will be
taken into the loom under suitable tension devices d 10, which may be as represented
in Fig. 1, and in the detail Figs. 94 and 9ª, where they are shown as plates acted
upon by springs, one plate for each warp strand, so that the tension may be kept
uniform thereon.
In case the body warp is of spun or textile material it may come to the eyes of
the heddles from a suitable warp beam as d 12, see Fig. 8.
In either instance I prefer to pass the body warps over a suitable whip-roll,
as d 13, which may be of any usual construction, it being properly weighted.
The shaft A 4 has fast on it, see Fig. 10, a came which acts on a lever e¹ having
its fulcrum at e 2, said lever having connected to it a link e 3, shown by dotted lines
Fig. 3, and partially broken off in Fig. 2, said link at its upper end entering a
guide e 4, the link having a block e 5, attached to it in an adjustable manner by a
bolt, said block having connected to it a link e 10, which is jointed to what I have
chosen to call the main pusher e 6 mounted on a pivote 7 at the lower end of a yoke e 8,
the latter having arranged within it an eccentric e9 fast on a shaft e 18.

page_text: A roll at the end of the lever el is held in contact with the cam e by a suitable
spring e 20, Fig. 7, and when the link e 3 is pulled down, the said pusher, the
shaft e 18 being then at rest with the eccentric e 9 down, will throw the lower end
of the pusher e 6 toward the center of the loom, or in the direction of the arrow
thereon, see Fig. 23, and at that time the pusher will act on a carrier then on a
transferrer B 14 and will push it onto the rack t¹, and thereafter as the loom
continues to run, the shaft e 18 in its rotation will lift the yoke, and the
link e 10 being then stationary, the said pusher will be given a second
movement towards the center of the loom, said movement being pre-
ferably, however, increased somewhat by the cam e which continues in rotation,
it having an extra projection 204 to act at that time, it at that time acting
against the end most carrier m of the series of carriers already on the track t¹,
see Figs. 24 and 18, and pushing the entire series of carriers along said track
leaving a space, see Figs. 20 and 21, for the next carrier to come onto the track
from the transferrer B 14 at another operation of the pusher.
The shaft e 18, rotated through the attached bevel gear D16 engaged by bevel
gear D 15 on shaft D 9, has two like cams f, which enter openings in the track-
carrying yokes f1, having shanks f2, fitted to slide in suitable guides f3, the lower
ends of said yokes carrying the upper track t¹ for the diagonal strand or warp
carriers, the lower track t being carried by the upper ends of two like track-
carrying yokes f4, shown in Figs. 2 and 6, they being raised and lowered at the
proper times by cams f5 on the shaft 20.
As these yokes are made to approach each other they carry the needles or tubes
of the diagonal warp or strand carriers past each other vertically in such manner as
to cross said warps to form between them a shed for the weft inserter, and they
also carry the diagonal warps or strands above and below the plane of the body
warps being used.
The wings, at the opposite ends of each transferrer, are distant from each other
just the distance between the tracks t, t¹, when the filling inserter with its filling w
is working in the shed, and when the tracks are nearest together, the pick-offs will
be moved to engage the diagonal warp carriers nearest them, and then occupying
a position at the extreme ends of the track, and will pull said carriers from the
tracks onto a wing of the transferrer.
The shaft 20, see Figs. 2 and 5, has an attached sprocket wheel g, which by a
sprocket chain g₁ passed over a sprocket wheel on a shaft g 3 rotates said shaft
whenever shaft 20 is rotated through the dwell gear D.
The shaft g 3 has mounted on it loosely levers 94 having the lower sides
of their hubs, see Figs. 2 and 4, connected by an eccentric strap 95 encircling
an eccentric 96 on shaft 20, said eccentric strap vibrating said levers about
shaft g 3.
The levers have guides in which are inserted the legs 97 carrying the lay bar g 8
having erected on it the pins or studs 99 constituting the dents of the reed, the
lower ends of said legs having rolls g 10 which run on cams g 12 fast on the shaft g 3.
The rocking of the levers 9 4 effects the backward and forward movement of the
lay, while the cams g" effect the up and down movement thereof to enable the reed
dents to be in proper position to beat up the filling as the lay is moved forward,
and to enable the lay to be dropped on its backward movement sufficiently to lower
the reed from the spaces between the body warps to enable it to pass under the
diagonal warps then laid across said spaces.
Suitable springs 41, see Figs. 1 and 2, shown as connected to said lay and the
hub of lever g* act normally to keep the rolls go on the cams g¹³.
The cross girth B¹× in this instance sustains a stand u, provided with a
stud u, on which is pivoted the filling clamp, shown in Figs. 1 and 7, and
enlarged in Fig. 26, composed as herein represented essentially of two elbow
levers u², u³, faced preferably with india-rubber, said elbow levers having jointed
to them links 44, 45, attached preferably by one pin to a rod u attached to one
arm of a rocker lever u' acted upon by cam u8, said clamp being opened at the

page_text: proper time to let the end of the filling inserter or needle pass between them,
the clamp being then closed to clasp the end of the filling w¹ projected from
the end of the inserter, thus holding said filling while the carrier is retracted.
I will designate in Figs. 18 to 24 the right-hand pick-off by the letter H.
In order to illustrate the operation of my improved loom in weaving, I will
refer to the diagrams Figs. 18 to 24. inclusive, wherein I have shown portions
of the two tracks, the uppermost track being supposed to be nearest the breast-
beam, and in said figs. I have shown parts of the transferrers and parts of the
pull-offs, and in connection with Figs. 18, 19, 22, 23 and 24, I have shown in
detached views the relative positions of the transferrers.
Referring now to Fig. 18, where the tracks are fully separated, it will be seen
that the two wings of the transferrer B" occupy positions one above and the other
below the line of travel of the weft inserter, and that the pusher 6 has acted to
push the series of carriers along upon the upper track to provide for inserting the
diagonal warps supposed to be carried thereby each in its proper place in the warps,
for it will be remembered that these carriers travel intermittingly from one to the
other end of the tracks and are to insert the warps carried by them into different
portions of the fabric being woven from selvage to selvage diagonally.
The pusher e 6, in addition to moving all these carriers simultaneously along the
track, also acts to push the endmost carrier next to it far enough on the track t¹
to leave a space sufficient so that when the next carrier comes on to the track it
will find an ample space for its reception, and so that at that time the pusher shall
not have a double duty to perform, that is, the duty of removing a carrier from a
transferrer onto the track, and also at the same time moving all the carriers, but
this might be done if desired and yet be within the scope of my invention.
In Fig. 18 the pusher e 6 is supposed to have finished its movement to the left
and as just starting in its movement to the right in the direction of the arrow
thereon.
Going to the right-hand side of the figure, the pick-off H is supposed to be
standing still and the pusher C 2 as just starting to move in the direction of the
arrow near it, and the transferrer C 4 is supposed to be coming down in the direction
of the arrow, it having upon one of its wings a carrier previously taken from
the track t¹.
In Fig. 19, the tracks have, it will be supposed, been started toward each other,
the pick-off H remains stationary, and the carrier m has moved yet a little farther,
but the pusher C 2 has moved quickly forward, has struck the endmost carrier of
the track t, and has moved the entire series of carriers along said track from the
position Fig. 18 into the position Fig. 19, and has left a space at the left-hand end
of the lower track for the reception of the carrier then hanging on the transferrer C 4
at the next operation of the said pusher, while at the right hand side of the
track the endmost carrier is substantially flush with the end of the track.
During the change of position from Figs. 18 to 19, the weft inserter has
started forward.
In Fig. 20, the tracks t, t¹, have been moved into their closest working position,
the pusher e 6 has completed its movement to the right, the weft inserter has got
substantially half-way into the shed, the pusher C 2 has been moved backwardly
in the direction of the arrow, the transferrer C 4 has continued to move in the
direction indicated in Fig. 19 until the carrier on one of its wings has come
opposite the end of the track t, and at the same time the pick-off H at the right
hand end of the track has moved to the left and come into engagement with the
carrier at the right hand end of the track.
In Fig. 21 the tracks remain in the same position as in Fig. 20, the pusher e 6 is
in about its same position, the pick-off H has taken the carrier engaged by it in
Fig. 20 and pulled it onto the then lowermost wing of the transferrer B14, the
pick-off b, at the left hand end of the track t, has been moved forward from the
position Fig. 20, has engaged a carrier and pulled it off the track t¹ onto the wing
of the transferrer C 4 then opposite it, and the pusher C 2 has been moved quickly
B

page_text: •
forward from its position Fig. 20, has struck the carrier then held on a wing of the
transferrer C 4, has moved the same from the transferrer onto the end of the
track t and onto the space left, see Fig. 20, after the operation of the pusher,
represented in Fig. 19, and has started back to the left or into its outward position,
and the weft inserter has completed its stroke and is on its way back out of the
shed, the weft having been suitably clamped or secured in the shed.
In Fig. 21 it will be seen that each transferrer has been provided with a carrier
and each transferrer must take the carrier on it and place it opposite the other
track in order that the carrier may be removed from the transferrer to the track.
In Fig. 22, both transferrers have started, and the faster moving transferrer B 14
is shown as having completed about one-quarter of a rotation, and the slower
moving transferrer C 4, about one-eighth of a rotation.
Between the positions Figs. 21 and 22, the pusher e6, owing to the peculiar
construction of its devices, bas had a slight movement, but not an effective one,
and it has come back into the position Fig. 22 about as the transferrers reach the
positions therein designated.
In Fig. 23 the transferrer B 14 is shown as having completed its stroke of 180°,
and the weft inserter has come quickly into the shed, but the transferrer C4, the
slower moving one, has completed about one-half its stroke.
While the parts occupy the position in Fig. 23, the movement of the pusher e 6
is made in the direction of the arrow thereon in that figure, to cause it to push the
carrier then on the transferrer B 14 quickly on to the upper track t¹, as represented
in Fig. 24.
The pusher e 6 having removed the carrier from the transferrer B 14 on to the
upper track t¹, as in Fig. 24, the tracks are separated into the positions Fig. 18,
and the shaft e 18 is rotated, lifting the yoke carrying the pusher, so that the
pusher gets its second movement, acting on the endmost carrier on the track t¹
next it, and pushes or feeds the entire series of carriers along said track, and in
the meantime between the positions Figs. 24 and 18, the weft inserter makes
its full stroke, and retires from the shed, and the transferrer C4 starts on its
way down toward the lower track t.
From the foregoing description, and an examination of the diagrams referred to,
it will be readily apparent how the different carriers are made to travel across the
fabric from selvage to selvage and present the warp threads carried by them to
different pairs of body warps, so that the warps or strands wound on the spools of the
carriers are interlocked diagonally across the fabric.
Fig. 25 shows a piece of cane fabric woven on my novel loom, w representing
the body or longitudinal warps, w 1 the weft strands, and w2, w 3, w4, w 5, w 6, w 7
and 8 the diagonal strands.
In that figure it will be seen that the weft strands 20¹ cross the body warp w over
and under in pairs with a shed known as one and one or plain weaving, and that
the diagonal warps are laid diagonally throughout said fabric, they running from
one toward the other edge of the fabric and then back again in the opposite direction,
turning about a suitable warp as w 9 shown at the left in Fig. 25, which may be
considered a selvage warp.
The drawing shows a series of longitudinal meshes 100, 101, 102, 103, 10+
and 105, and in said figure it will be seen that the diagonal warp to 2 is first locked
into the fabric by the pair of weft strands 106 in the row 105, and that that diagonal
warp is again locked into the fabric next by the pair of weft strands 107 in the
row 104, and so on with each one, and finally the said diagonal warp is locked by
the pair of weft strands 111, it being supposed that the carrier m has completed its
movement at that point on the track and that it goes then down under the
selvage w 9 on to the track t and starts across the underside of the fabric, the laying
of the diagonal warp on its return course being best represented by diagonal
warps to 6 and w 7.
As cane fabric has heretofore been made, the warp and weft are first united into
a fabric, and thereafter the diagonal warp strands are inserted singly through the

page_text: meshes left between the warp and weft, this operation being performed by means
of a needle actuated chiefly by hand, and each run of diagonal warp is a separate
short piece.
In my invention, however, the diagonal warp may be made in a long piece and
wound each on its own spool, it being of a length to extend back and forth from
edge to edge of the fabric, and these diagonal warps are caught in each shed and
locked by the weft strands at each crossing thereof together with the body warp,
all being united into the fabric at the same time pick after pick.
Or, in other words, the diagonal warp threads are inserted and made a part of
the fabric as the fabric is being built up or woven by the weft crossing the body
warp, and the diagonal warp are made to follow diagonally across the fabric,
each carrier working in proper order or sequence with different warp threads in
successive sheds.
If textile filling is used, the clamp will be omitted, and instead I shall use
a shuttle or other usual device to catch the doubled filling.
This invention is not limited to the particular construction shown for the
pick-offs, or to making them as magnets, as I consider as within the scope of my
invention in that particular any pick-off which will take one carrier at a time from
a track and enable it to be put onto a proper part of a transferrer to take it to
another track.
This invention, as stated, is not limited to inserting the weft by only a needle,
and my invention comprehends inserting the weft in the shed in any usual
manner.
The loom frame has suitable stands n, see Fig. 15, with pivots n' for levers n 2,
having suitable rolls to rest on cams n 3 on the shaft e 18.
The levers n 2, see Fig. 15, carry arms n4 connected rigidly by cross-bar n 5,
the lower ends of the arms having brackets n 6 which support the mesh gage n 7,
it consisting of a bar having a series of pins n8, which stand between the warps
when the filling is being introduced back of said pius toward the center of the
loom, the pins thus gaging the size of the meshes.
The pins n 8 rest against one edge of the cane or other weft, while the reed
dents g 9 act against the other edge thereof.
I have herein illustrated the tracks t, t', as located in different horizontal and
also different vertical planes, and the transferrers as rotatable, but this invention is
not limited to the exact form of transferrer shown, or to the devices for actuating
the transferrer, and, believing myself to be the first to use a plurality of tracks on
which diagonal warp-carriers may be slid, and from one to the other of which the
said carriers may be automatically transferred, I consider within the scope of this
invention any transferrer capable of taking a carrier from one to another track,
and also any form of pusher to co-operate with the carriers on the transferrers of
whatever form, to put them onto a track, and also any form of pick-off to put a
carrier from a track onto a transferrer to be taken to another track.
The diagonal warp carriers may each be so shaped as to be engaged by a locking
device p, which may be made as a spring, see Figs. 10B and 10%, said spring
having a projection to enter a notch in the carrier, the locking device holding
under slight friction preferably the next to the endmost carrier, so that as the
series of carriers are slid on a track by a pusher, said locking device will
substantially position that carrier or not let the series of carriers be moved farther
than actually pushed by the pusher while in contact with the carrier at the other
en of the track, and further, this locking device prevents the pick-off from taking
more than one carrier.
In the modification Fig. 174, I have shown a warp carrier provided with a
plurality of needles so that said carrier may deliver several warp threads rather
than one, and said carrier may, as therein shown, have a plurality of spools.
A carrier of this kind if provided with threads of different color may form a
diagonal band across the fabric from selvage to selvage.
The woven fabric after having passed the mesh gage, is passed over the breast

page_text: or feed roll J, which may be rotated at the proper speed in any usual or suitable
manner, I having herein shown said roll as having its shaft provided with a worm
gear H', which is engaged by a worm H2 on a vertical shaft H 3.
In the drawing Fig. 144, showing the diagonal warp-carrier on a larger scale,
it will be seen that the needle is hollow and has a hole at its end from which the
warp passes into the shed, and the said warp may be led through the needle from
end to end, or the warp may be led from the bobbin outside the body m and into
an inlet 205, as shown by dotted lines Fig. 144, or as in Fig. 17.
In this present instance of my invention wherein I have illustrated my invention
as applied to weaving cane fabric, the carriers are moved from track to track and
back again in the same half of a circle, but it will be understood that this invention
is not limited to moving the transferrers only as stated, and movement of the
transferrers in any direction to take a carrier from one to another track is within
the scope of my invention; and while in this present embodiment of my invention
I shift the carriers from the tracks onto the transferrers and vice versa, while the
shed is closed, yet with but slight changes in some of the parts the shifting
referred to might be effected when the shed is open, so my invention is not limited
to shifting the carriers at any exact position of the warps in the shed.
It will be understood in practice that the needles will be of sufficient length
that when the tracks are in their closest positions, the ends of one series of tubes
will pass beyond the ends of the other series, so as to cross the diagonal warp
threads and leave a space for the reception of the filling.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a loom, the following instrumentalities, viz. :-a plurality of tracks, a series
of diagonal warp carriers mounted thereon side by side and adapted to be slid
thereon, and transferrers to transfer the said carriers intermittingly from one to
the other of said tracks, substantially as described.
2. In a loom, the following instrumentalities, viz. :-a plurality of tracks, a series
of warp carriers mounted thereon and provided each with its own warp, and a
pusher for each track, said pusher acting to move said series of warp carriers along
said tracks, whereby the warps contained by said carriers may be laid diagonally
into the fabric being woven, substantially as described.
3. In a loom, the following instrumentalities, viz. :-a plurality of tracks, a series
of warp carriers mounted thereon loosely side by side, transferrers co-operating
with the ends of said tracks, pick-offs, and actuating devices for said transferrers
and pick-offs, whereby the pick-offs are made to engage a carrier at the end of a
track and put it onto a transferrer, the latter placing said carrier opposite the eud
of another track, substantially as described.
4. In a loom, a plurality of tracks; a series of warp carriers mounted thereon,
each provided with a spool containing a warp strand, and also having a tube or
needle to control said warp thread in the formation of a shed, combined with
devices to move said carriers intermittingly along said tracks, and to raise and
lower said tracks to cross the threads of the warp carriers mounted on said tracks,
and aid in forming sheds, substantially as described.
5. In a loom, the following instrumentalities, viz. :-a plurality of tracks, a series
of warp carriers mounted loosely on said tracks side by side, transferrers located at
the ends of said tracks, each transferrer co-operating with two tracks, means to
move said carriers intermittingly from said tracks onto said transferrers, means to
take said carriers from said tracks and put them on said transferrers, and to remove
the carriers from the transferrers onto said tracks, and devices to rotate said
transferrers in opposite directions in order that a carrier taken from one track to
the other may thereafter be returned from the latter track to the first track by the
oppositely moving transferrer but in the same arc, whereby the same side or face
of the warp strand being laid diagonally across the fabric being woven may be kept

page_text: with the same side uppermost in both directions of travel of the warp strand across.
the fabric, substantially as described.
6. In a loom, a track, combined with a warp carrier composed of a block having
its body fitted to slide on and be guided by said track, a tube or needle, and fingers
having bearings and spools having journals to enter said bearings, substantially as
described.
7. In a loom, the following instrumentalities, viz. :-harness mechanism to form
sheds in body warps, weft inserting mechanism, a lay having a reed, a take-up
beam, and a mesh gage located between the lay and the take-up beam and made as
a bar having a series of pins and means to raise and lower said bar to cause said
pins to occupy a position in the fabric between those picks where the fabric is to
have open meshes to thus gage said meshes, substantially as described.
Dated the 18th day of November 1895.
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56 Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.