Improvements in Machinery for Cutting, Carving, Engraving, Rub. bing, and Polishing Stone, Metal, Wood and other Materials.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Sept., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 22nd June, 1900-Accepted, 28th July, 1900
Improvements in Machinery for Cutting, Carving, Engraving, Rub.
bing, and Polishing Stone, Metal, Wood and other Materials.
We, PETER STUART, of Regent Dock, Limehouse, Managing Director of Stuart's
Granolithic Stone Company, Limited, and AUGUST GEORGE EDMUND, of The
Scandinavian Sailors Home, West India Dock Road, Contractor and Builder,
both in the County of London, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in machinery for cutting, carving,
engraving, rubbing and polishing stone, metal, wood and other materials of the
kind having a frame or support upon which is mounted a horizontal support or
the like adapted to be moved in a vertical plane by means of a screw and carrying
a jointed tool arm having a tool for working the material which is clamped upon
a table adjacent to the tool, means being also provided for operating the tool from
a shaft in connection with the frame of the apparatus; the object of the invention
is to provide a machine whereby each or any of the above described operations can
be effected in the same machine with facility.
According to the invention the machine comprises a suitable framing which is
adapted to be secured to a bed plate and to a wall for example, an upright shaft
rotatably mounted in the said frame and having means such as a pulley for driving
it, an upright column or pillar which is rigidly mounted in the said frame, a
jointed horizontal support arm or secondary frame which is loosely mounted upon
a sleeve adapted to be adjusted vertically on the upright column or pillar, a
feed screw engaging with a nut in connection with the said jointed horizontal arm
for adjusting the position of the said arm, tool carriers, the said tool carriers being
arranged so that they can be turned at any angle, in any plane, and means
whereby the various tools to be employed can be operated from the aforementioned
upright shaft which is also arranged to effect the vertical adjustment of the
horizontal arm and to produce and direct a jet of air against the work for the
purpose of clearing away any dust which may be formed.
In carrying out the invention we advantageously operate the feed screw for
adjusting the position of the jointed horizontal arm by means of a chain wheel
suitably mounted upon the upright shaft and which actuates, through the medium
of a chain, a chain wheel adapted to rotate upon the aforementioned sleeve which
is fitted to the upright column; this chain wheel is in one with, or is rigidly.
connected to, a spur wheel which is arranged to gear with a feed spur wheel upon
a spindle rotatably mounted in the horizontal arm and which also carries a
chain wheel in gear, through the medium of a chain, with a second chain wheel
upon a second spindle mounted in the horizontal arm and having keyed upon it
a second feed spur wheel. In conjunction with the two feed spur wheels, which
are thus actuated from the main shaft in the manner above mentioned, we provide
a sleeve which engages in grooves in, and can be slid axially over, the feed screw
and is in connection with a nut engaging with the said feed screw, means such

page_text: as a rack and pinion being provided whereby the said sleeve can be adjusted in
position upon the spindle; the said sleeve carries a pinion or toothed wheel which,
when the sleeve is adjusted in the manner above described, can be caused to gear
with either one or the other of the two feed spur wheels so that the screw is turned
in one or other direction thereby raising or lowering the jointed horizontal arm
as desired.
Each tool carrier is jointed the divided portions being connected by means of a
universal joint and the innermost length or section being mounted so as to swing
upon the horizontal arm or secondary frame and the outermost length being
designed to receive the tool. The joint in the tool carrier forms what I term a
head the said head comprising a pair of side plates secured to the end of the
jointed horizontal arm and having pivoted between them the forked end of the
tool carrier. Each side plate is provided with a central hole in which is fitted
the boss of a worm wheel, the said bosses being screwed to the fork plates or
limbs. Worms are furnished for engaging with the worm wheels for adjusting
the joint and clamping it. The worms are, however, so arranged that they can
be disengaged from the worm wheels when it is desired to have a free joint.
In the case of a tool for carving or cutting fine work, for example, statues, the
tool socket shank is fitted in the hollow carrier and is operated by means of a
hammer which is caused to rapidly strike the inner end of the said socket shank
so as to alternately force it against the work and allow it to be returned by means
of a spring or springs, thereby cutting the work as desired. The hammer is
operated from the aforementioned upright main shaft, the motion being advan-
tageously transmitted from the spindle carrying the second spur wheel, which
said spindle also carries a bevel wheel arranged to gear with a bevel pinion upon
a spindle mounted in the horizontal arm or secondary frame and having at its
other end a second bevel pinion gearing with a pinion upon a spindle forming the
axis of the joint of the horizontal arm; this spindle is provided with a mutilated
toothed wheel which, when the said spindle is rotated by the above mentioned
gear, intermittently operates a rack so as to draw back the hammer against the
action of a spring or springs and to release it so that the hammer suddenly delivers
a blow upon the inner end of the socket shank. This shank is provided with a
universal joint so that the tool can be moved in any desired direction for perform-
ing fine work. The tool carrying arm is also formed with a flexible portion to
permit of the above mentioned movements of the tool. The hammer can be
adjusted in position, that is to say, the length of idle stroke can be varied so as
to vary as required the length of operative stroke upon the tool shank. Instead of
the mutilated toothed wheel and rack we can use eccentric gear.
Or, instead of making the tool carrying arm with a flexible portion, the said arm
and the socket spindle or shank can be also formed with a pair of universal
joints.
For heavy work the hammer is rigidly secured to the tool shank. For rubbing
or polishing materials we advantageously connect the rubbing or polishing tool
to the end of a spindle which is rotated instead of reciprocated from the gearing
above mentioned. In such work the tool shank is generally held vertical and
we advantageously provide a suitable clamp for clamping the lower limb of the
tool carrying arm in the required position.
For changing from light work to heavy or vice versa the attached tool carrier
is disconnected at the head and the required carrier substituted.
To provide the necessary jet of air for blowing away dust or the like which
may accumulate upon the work, the apparatus is provided with a tube or cylinder
within which there works a plunger, the said plunger being actuated from the
spindle which forms the pivot of the head of the tool carrier through the medium
of a crank and connecting rod, the crank being advantageously actuated, for
example, from a worm wheel which engages with a worm mounted upon the said
spindle. Or instead of the crank gear we can employ any other suitable gear.
Ball bearings are advantageously employed where possible throughout the

page_text: machine to reduce friction and means are provided for adjusting any of the
movable parts to the required position and for clamping them in the positions to
which they are adjusted.
1001 law of Contamhan 1338
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agents for the Applicants,
Improvements in Machinery for Cutting, Carving, Engraving, Rub-
bing and Polishing Stone, Metal, Wood and other Materials.
We, PETER STUART, of Regent Dock, Limehouse, in the County of London,
Managing Director of Stuart's Granolithic Stone Company, Limited, and AUGUST
GEORGE EDMUND, formerly of The Scandinavian Sailors' Home, West India Dock
Road, in the County of London, now of Kesteven Asylum, Rauceby, near Grant,
ham, in the County of Lincoln, Contractor and Builder, do hereby declare tho
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in machinery for cutting, carving,
engraving, rubbing and polishing stone, metal, wood and other materials of the
kind having a frame or support upon which is mounted a horizontal support or
the like adapted to be moved in a vertical plane by means of a screw and carrying
a jointed tool arm having a tool for working the material which is clamped upon
a table adjacent to the tool, means being also provided for operating the tool from
a shaft in connection with the frame of the apparatus; the object of the invention
is to provide a machine whereby each or any of the above described operations can
be effected in the same machine with facility.
To enable our invention to be fully understood we will describe the same by
reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:-
Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation of a machine constructed according to our
invention for cutting, carving, engraving, rubbing and polishing stone, metal,
wood and other materials:
Figure 2 is a side elevation of the machine without the supporting frame work
and work table; and
Figure 3 is a plan thereof:
Figure 4 is a longitudinal section of the part of the machine carrying the tools
drawn to a larger scale: and
Figure 5 is a sectional side elevation of the same:
Figure is a sectional elevation of a modification of a detail also drawn to a
larger scale:
Figure 7 is a view similar to Figure 4 of carriers used for heavy work.
a, a is a frame which is adapted to be secured to a bed plate a¹ and to a wall a
for example, b is an upright shaft rotatably mounted in the said frame and having
means such as a pulley for driving it, an upright column or pillar c which is
rigidly mounted in the said frame and bed plate; d, d¹, & are three parts jointed
together and forming a horizontal support, arm or secondary frame loosely
mounted upon a sleeve e so as to turn thereon and be clamped in position by a
screw e, the said sleeve being adapted to be adjusted vertically on the upright
column or pillar c. it being provided with keys engaging grooves c. c¹ in the
pillar. is a feed screw engaging with a nut fi in connection with the said
jointed horizontal' arm for adjusting the position of the said arm, the said screw

page_text: being carried at its ends in brackets fo, fo loose on the pillar c so that it can move
with the arm d, d', when the latter is turned on the said pillar. g and h are
tool carriers arranged so that they can be turned at any angle, in any plane.
We advantageously operate the feed screw f for adjusting the position of the
jointed horizontal arm d, d, d² by means of a chain wheel f" upon the upright
shaft and located between bosses on a bracket b² connected to the sleeve e, the
said bosses forming bearings for the shaft b. The chain wheel f is provided with
keys engaging grooves in the shaft so that it can slide thereon when the
arm d, d, d is adjusted vertically and it actuates, through the medium of a
chain 3, a chain wheel adapted to rotate upon the aforementioned sleeve e
which is fitted to the upright column e; this chain wheel is in one with, or is
rigidly connected to, a spur wheel which is arranged to gear with a feed spur
wheel upon a spindle rotatably mounted in the horizontal arm d, d', d² and
which also carries a chain wheel in gear, through the medium of a chain
with a second chain wheel upon a second spindle mounted in the horizontal
arm d, d, and having keyed upon it a second feed spur wheel 7. In con-
junction with the two feed spur wheels and 7, which are thus actuated from the
main shaft 6 in the manner above mentioned, we provide a sleeve j furnished with
keys or projections engaging in grooves in the feed screw f upon which it can,
therefore, he slid axially, means such as a rack and pinion being provided
whereby the said sleeve can be adjusted in position upon the said feed screw;
the sleeve carries a pinion or toothed wheel which, when the sleeve is adjusted
in the manner above described, can be caused to gear with either one or the other
of the two feed spur wheels i, so that the screw f is turned in one or other
direction thereby raising or lowering the jointed horizontal arm d, d', das
desired.
j
The rack is provided with a ring or boss engaging the sleeve
guided in its movement by an extension sliding in the sleeve and is
arm d, d, d. The pinion is operated to move the rack by a handle k,
Figure 3, through the medium of a shaft k, spur wheels, and shaft and
is designed to be locked in the position to which it is moved by a spring catch
adapted to engage a notched boss 7. The said catch comprises a lever handle
fulcrummed to the handle and a notched disc 2 connected to the handle 1 by
links and sliding on the shaft and normally beld in engagement with the
boss by a spring .
The part of the horizontal arm is jointed to the part d so that it can be swung
laterally, that is to say, it is arranged to turn on a vertical axis as shewn clearly
in Figure 1, it being provided with trunnions d, engaging in sockets in
jaws, on the part d. d, are screws for clamping the part when in
the required position. The part which has a common horizontal axis with the
part is so jointed to the latter that it can turn upon such axis and for this
purpose is provided with a journal at one end designed to turn within a bearing
formed at the outer end of the part d', the journal being kept within the latter
by a collar fixed by bolts or the like. For turning the part № we advan-
tageously provide it with a worm wheel 10 in gear with a worm du having a
handle and carried in bearings in a slide which can be moved by a screw (14
to disengage the worm from the worm wheel if it be desired to have a free joint.
15 is a pointer on the part which pointer when the said part has been turned
upon its axis indicates upon a scale on the part , the angle through which the
part has been moved.
The tool carriers g. h are jointed, the divided portions being connected by
means of universal joints m, m respectively, the innermost lengths or sections
being arranged in sockets m¹, m² on a plate or frame m³ adapted to swing upon
the horizontal arm or secondary frame d, d, and the outermost lengths being
designed to receive the tools n, n. The joint between the frame m³ carrying the
tool carriers and arm d, d, d² forms what we term a head, the said head comprising
a pair of side plates o, o secured to the end of the part № of the jointed horizontal

page_text: arm and having pivoted between them plates o¹, o forming a forked end on the
frame m³. One of the plates o is provided with a central hole in which is
fitted the boss of a worm wheel o³, the said boss being secured to one of the fork
plates or limbs o¹. A worm of operated by a handle o is furnished for engaging
with the worm wheel o³ for adjusting the joint and clamping it. The worm is,
however, so arranged that it can be disengaged from the worm wheel o³ when it
is desired to have a free joint. For this purpose it is advantageously carried in a
frame of designed to slide in a bracket o, the adjustment being effected by means
of a screw 08 09 is a pointer attached to the worm wheel o³ which pointer, when
the said wheel has been rotated by the worm o, indicates upon a scale on one
of the plates o the angle through which the said wheel and consequently the
tools n, n have been moved.
In the case of a tool for carving or cutting fine work, for example, statues, the
tool socket shank p Figure 4 is fitted in the hollow carrier h and is operated by
means of a hammer 9 which is fitted upon a screw threaded hammer rod 2° and
is caused to rapidly strike the inner end of the said socket shank so as to alternately
force it against the work and allow it to be returned by means of a tension
spring or springs, thereby cutting the work as desired. The hammer is
operated from the aforementioned upright main shaft b, the motion being advan-
tageously transmitted from the spindle carrying the spur wheel, which said
spindle also carries a bevel wheel arranged to gear with a bevel pinion 1 upon a
spindle formed in three parts mounted in the horizontal arm or secondary
frame and having at its other end a second bevel pinion 3 gearing with a pinion
upon the spindle 5 whose axis coincides with that of the joint between the
part of the horizontal arm and the tool carriers. The spindle is formed in
three portions as described to allow of the relative movement of the different parts
of the arm d, d, 2, the portion of the said spindle carried by the part d having
a bevel wheel in gear with a bevel wheel on the spindle whose axis coincides
with that of the joint between the parts d and , the said spindle also carrying
another bevel wheel 8 in gear with a bevel wheel on one end of the portion of
the spindle carried by the part d', the other end of the said portion carrying a
sliding clutch part i designed to be engaged with a clutch part 1 on the
portion of the spindle 2 carried by the part 2. s is a slide engaging the clutch
part and designed to move the same into engagement with the clutch part 11
by means of an eccentric s¹ operated by a handle s². The spindle is provided
with a mutilated toothed wheel Figures 4 and 5 which wheel when the said spindle
is rotated by the above mentioned gear, intermittently operates a rack (1 so as to
draw back the hammer q to which it is attached against the action of springs
in casings and to release it so that the hammer suddenly delivers a blow upon
the inner end of the socket shank 7. This shank is provided with a universal
joint so that the tool n can be moved in any desired direction for performing
fine work. The tool carrying arm h is also formed with a universal joint or
flexible portion m° as hereinbefore described to permit of the above mentioned
movements of the tool. The relative positions of the socket shank and hammer
can be adjusted, that is to say, the length of idle stroke of the hammer can be
varied so as to vary as required the length of operative stroke upon the said
shank, by adjusting the said hammer upon the rod q°.
In lieu of the mutilated toothed wheel and rack we can use eccentric gear.
Instead of making the tool carrying arm with a flexible portion, the said arm
and the socket spindle or shank can be formed with a pair of universal
joints, and ¹, u respectively as shewn in Figure 6.
For heavy work the hammer g is rigidly secured to the tool shank pas shewn
in Figure 7. For rubbing or polishing materials we advantageously connect the
rubbing or polishing tool to the end of a spindle a¹ in the carrier which spindle
is rotated instead of reciprocated from the spindle above mentioned, through
the medium of the bevel wheels v, 1. The universal joint m in the carrier gis

page_text: preferably formed double as shewn and the spindle gl is of course provided with
double universal joints g², g2 to correspond. To enable the bevel wheel to be
disengaged from the wheel if required, I arrange the said wheel to revolve
in a bearing 2 which can be moved longitudinally by means of an eccentric ³ and
handle, the portion of the spindle g' connected to the said wheel being formed
in two parts telescoping together as indicated at 2, a key on one part engaging
a groove in the other part. In rubbing or polishing work the tool shank is
generally held vertically and we advantageously provide a suitable clamp for
clamping the lower limb of the tool carrying arm in the required position.
For changing from light work to heavy or vice versa the attached tool carrier is
disconnected at the head and the required carrier substituted.
To provide the necessary jet of air for blowing away dust or the like which
may accumulate upon the work, the apparatus is provided with a tube or cylinder w
within which there works a piston or plunger wol the said plunger being actuated from
the spindle through the medium of a crank w² and connecting rod w³, the crank
being advantageously actuated, for example, from a worm wheel which engages
with a worm a mounted upon the said spindle. y, y are ports allowing the
ingress of the air to the cylinder wo when the piston is at the rear end of its
stroke and y is a delivery valve. 3 is the nozzle through which the air is
directed on to the work. "Instead of the crank gear we can employ any other
suitable gear.
Ball bearings, rare advantageously employed where possible throughout the
'machine to reduce friction.
A is the table upon which the work is clamped.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is _
1. A machine for cutting, carving, engraving, rubbing and polishing stone,
metal, wood and other materials comprising a frame, an upright driving shaft,
an upright column or pillar rigidly mounted in the said frame, a jointed hori-
zontal support arm or secondary frame loosely mounted upon a sleeve capable of
vertical adjustment on the said pillar, a feed screw engaging a nut in the horizontal
arm and carried in brackets loose on the pillar, tool carriers carried by a frame
jointed to the horizontal arm and means for operating the various tools from the
driving shaft and for producing and directing a jet of air to clear away dust from
the work, the whole being arranged and operating, substantially as herein before
described.
2. In a machine of the kind described in Claim 1 forming the horizontal jointed
arm in three portions, two of which have a common axis about which one is
adapted to revolve, the said two portions being jointed to the other portion in
such a manner that they can swing laterally relatively therewith, substantially
as described.
3. In a machine of the kind described in Claim 1 the described means for
operating a tool by hammering, such means comprising a socket for carrying the
tool and having its shank arranged to slide in a tool carrier and adapted to be
struck by a hammer, the said shank being provided with a spring to return it to
its normal position, both shank and carrier having universal joints to enable them
to be moved in any direction, substantially as described and illustrated.
4. In a machine of the kind described in Claim 3, means for operating the
hammer, such means comprising a rotating mutilated gear wheel designed to
engage intermittently with a spring rack connected to the hammer, substantially
as described.
5. In a machine of the kind described in Claim 1, the arrangement for producing
a jet of air for blowing away the dust produced by the tools comprising a pump
cylinder having suitable inlets and outlets for the air and a piston operated by a

page_text: connected rod, crank, worm wheel and worm, substantially as hereinbefore des-
cribed and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
6. The improved machine for cutting, carving, engraving, rubbing, and polishing
stone, métal, wood and other materials consisting of the parts combined, arranged
and operating substantially as herein before described and illustrated in the accom-
panying drawings.
1 1
1
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agents for the Applicants.