matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED DEVICE FOR HOLDING PENS, PENCILS, PAPERS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Milton Alexander Hamilton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 13th January 1868.
I, MILTON ALEXANDER HAMILTON, of Detroit, Michigan, United States
of America, now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED DEVICE FOR HOLDING PENS, PENCILS, PAPERS, AND
OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a device wherein the pens, pencils, or other
articles are held between the coils of a spiral spring; and the said
Invention consists chiefly in the peculiar mode of connecting the said
spring with a frame or back, whereby the spring is securely held in its
position on the frame, while the coils of the spring are free to grasp any
object placed between them. The frame is provided with a longitudinal
rod or bar, which is passed through the spring just inside the coils, and
is secured at each end to the frame or back. I prefer also to secure tho
ends of the spring to the said frame or back. The spring may be formed
of brass or steel wire, or other suitable metal, and may be of any desired
diameter and length. The frame or back may be formed by stamping

page_text: from sheet brass or other metal, or may be made of cast metal, wood, or
other suitable material. The said frame may be constructed in such a
manner that the device will stand conveniently upon a table or desk, or
can be hung upon a wall or upon any other convenient support. The
bar or rod which keeps the spring in position is preferably formed of
brass or iron wire, and is firmly soldered or otherwise secured to the
frame at each end. The frame may be formed with a recess or channel
for the spring to lie in. The longitudinal bar or rod is arranged in the
centre of this recess, the coils of the spring being confined between the
said bar and the frame, but having sufficient freedom to allow the pens
or other articles to be conveniently inserted and removed. A slight bend
or indentation may be formed in each of the coils on the outside of the
spring to assist in holding the articles placed between the same.
The width of the space between the coils of the spring may be varied
according to the purpose for which the holding device is to be employed.
When intended to serve as a clip or file for letters and other papers,
these spaces will be much narrower than when intended for receiving
pens or pencils. This adaptation of the spring to such various purposes
is most conveniently effected by securing the ends of the spring upon the
frame with the proper distance between them to give the required width
between the coils; and one holder may be adapted to various purposes
by securing the spring at intermediate points between its extremities.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING FOUL AIR OR GASES FROM MINES, SEWERS, BREWERS' VATS, AND OTHER PLACES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
March 1868.
I, ROBERT SMITH, of Compton Road, Islington, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING FOUL AIR
OR GASES FROM MINES, SEWERS, BREWERS' VATS, AND OTHER PLACES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to the means of extracting foul air or gases
from mines, sewers, brewers' vats, and other places where foul air is
liable to accumulate; it consists in attaching one or more pairs of
bellows to the end of a pipe or pipes, the other end of which is in com-
munication with the accumulated gas. In the case of a mine this pipe
would by preference be placed in the shaft, the lower end, which may be
flexible, communicating with the foul air or gas, the upper end being
attached to the inlet valve of the bellows, which may be of any suitable
shape and size, according to the purpose for which it is required.

page_text: When the bellows are extended a partial vacuum is formed, which
draws up the gas from below into the bellows, which gas upon closing
the bellows is discharged into the atmosphere or otherwise disposed of.
By this means the mine or other place may be effectually cleared of any
noxious gases which may accumulate therein. The bellows may be
operated by manual or other power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIECING CARDINGS OF COTTON OR WOOL AS DELIVERED PROM THE CARDING ENGINE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Warburton, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd December 1868.
I, THOMAS WARBURTON, the younger, of Haslingden, in the County
of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PIECING CARDINGS OF COTTON OR WOOL AS DELIVERED PROM
THE CARDING ENGINE," to be as follows:-
In the ordinary method of piecing cardings the latter as delivered
from the "buckets" of the engine fall on to an endless travelling apron
or "brat" say four, five, or more in a row across the brat, but each
separate and distinct from the others. As the brat travels forward the
buckets are again tilted and another row of cardings falls on to the brat
in such a manner that their ends fall on to and overlap the ends of
the first row by about two or three inches. The brat continuing to
travel forward carries these ends beneath a leather rubber which
traverses backwards and forwards across the brat, and so rolls or rubs
the ends together, and thus pieces the cardings which are then wound
on to a bobbin in continuous lengths ready for the throstle or "billy"
frame. It will be evident that by this method at cach piecing there

page_text: will occur a hard place where there is twice the amount of cotton or
wool rolled into the same thickness and hence it is very difficult to get
perfectly even yarn.
My Invention consists in a method of piecing the cardings whereby
the occurrence of hard places at the points of piecing is prevented.
The cardings instead of being pieced singly as hitherto practised are
pieced double or in pairs (or in groups of three or more), and in such a
way that the piecings of each pair of cardings overlap for about an inch.
This I effect principally by driving the brat at half its usual speed,
so that when one set of cardings has advanced abont half its length a
second set is delivered from the buckets, and when the first set has
advanced in full length a third set is delivered with its ends overlapping
the first set about an inch and the second set about half way, and so on.
When-the-cardings-thus placed pass under the rubber each pair (or
group of three or four, as the case may be,) is rolled into one, and-as-
the piecings of each carding are made with the soft ends, and each
piecing comes opposite the centre of or breaks joint with the other
carding, the joints are all firm and there are no hard places. It will be
evident that this method of piccing would produce cardings of double
the ordinary thickness as two cardings are rolled into-one, but_if_it_is_
desired to produce cardings of only the usual thickness, all that is
requisite is to regulate the delivery apparatus of the carding engine so
that it will deliver cardings of only half the finished thickness on to
the "brat" which can readily be done by any ordinary mechanic.
AN IMPROVED TOBACCO PIPE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Charles Butcher at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th April 1868.
I, HENRY CHARLES BUTCHER, of No. 17, Wellington Street, Strand,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED TOBACCO PIPE," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide the smoker with a
convenient and ready means of cleaning out the bowl of his pipe before
charging it with fresh tobacco, of probing the charge, and also of
clearing the smoke conduit of the stem itself should it be in any
way obstructed.
I propose to make the stem of the pipe with a double bore, the two
perforations running parallel to each other; one of these perforations
to form the usual passage for the smoke, but the other to contain a
needle or thin rod of metal, or other suitable material to be used for the
purposes above mentioned. In this manner the pipe will be furnished
with a most useful instrument, the addition of which will not be
apparent, the needle when not in use being entirely hidden from view,
with the exception of its head, which may appear to be simply an

page_text: ornament to the bowl or stem, but the form of ornamentation should
always be subservient to facility in drawing out the needle when required.
It need scarcely be observed that this double bore may be made in
the stems of ordinary clay pipes as well as in those made of meerschaum,
wood, or any other material,, and whether the stem be of one piece with
the bowl or otherwise..
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING AND COMMUNICATING MOTIVE POWER, SPECIALLY APPLICABLE FOR LIFTING WEIGHTS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Eades and William
Thomas Eades at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 17th July 1868.
We, WILLIAM EADES and WILLIAM THOMAS EADES, both of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Machinists, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
OBTAINING AND COMMUNICATING MOTIVE POWER, SPECIALLY APPLICABLE FOR
LIFTING WEIGHTS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its principal object the obtaining of a powerful
lifting or raising medium with a ready means of actuating such power
and requiring but slight manual exertion.
Upon a suitable standard or support are mounted in bearings two
shafts, upon the ends of which are secured two pairs of toothed wheels
or pinions, the two wheels of one set engaging with each other and the
shafts revolving in contrary directions, and upon the end of one of the
shafts is attached the lever arm or handle working with an upward and
downward stroke and capable of adjustment for various lengths of pur-
chase, as requisite. The second set of pinions upon the shafts are not
engaged, but travel alternately with the upward or downward stroke

page_text: of the lever with each of the first set of pinions, such motion being
regulated or ensured by means of ratchet toothed collars, and this second
set of pinions gear into a toothed pinion connected to a shaft in suitable
bearings, which also carries the drum upon which the chain or rope
is wound; upon this shaft or otherwise suitably connected with the
apparatus is fixed a break for the purpose of lowering.
The action will be thus:-When the lever arm is depressed it will
cause the first or engaged set of pinions to partially revolve as well as
one of the second set of pinions by means of its ratchet action, and this
pinion gearing into the pinion upon the shaft driving the drum causes it
to revolve and partially raise the load or weight; at this time the second
When
pinion of the second set is merely working loose upon its shaft.
the lever arm is raised a reverse action of the second set of pinions takes
place, namely, that the loose pinion will be fast and work with its
ratchet, and the other pinion will now work loose. By these means the
drum shaft always travels or revolves in the same direction, except when
the break is applied for lowering, the result being that by a series of
up-and-down movements of the lever or handle we gain a continuous
revolution of the drum or winding spindle, and this action is also self-
supporting, for the lever being the key to the action the drum cannot
revolve or the chain or cord move unless the lever is worked.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILS AND CHAIRS FOR RAILWAYS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thomson and John
Crossley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 18th June 1868.
We, WILLIAM THOMSON, of Normanton, in the County of York,
Ironfounder, and JOHN CROSSLEY, the younger, of Barrow-upon-Soar,
in the County of Leicester, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILS AND CHAIRS FOR RAILWAYS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing reversible rails for railways
and the chairs for such rails in such manner that the wearing face of
the rails which is downwards will not become worn or indented by the
chairs. For this purpose we make the rail and chair of such form that
the rail rests on the bottom of the chair at one side and on the top of
the chair at the other side, one edge of the top and one edge of the
bottom of the rail being suitably shaped for this purpose..
The accompanying Drawing represents one way in which our Inven-
tion may be carried into effect.

page_text: A is the rail, and B the chair. The top of the rail is formed at one
edge a¹ to rest on the top of the chair at one side, and the bottom of the
rail is formed at one edge a to rest on the bottom of the chair at the
other side, as shown. The wearing faces a³ of the rail never rest on
the chair, and do not therefore become worn or indented.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVE MOTIONS FOR OSCILLATING CYLINDER ENGINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John George Douglas at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 10th March 1868.
I, JOHN GEORGE DOUGLAS, of Cork, in the County of Cork, Ireland,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVE MOTIONS FOR OSCILLATING CYLINDER ENGINES,"
to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object to obtain an extremely simple and
inexpensive valve motion suitable for small engines and more particularly
for cranes, winches, and the like when the motion of the engine has to be
frequently reversed. The improved motion is designed for an oscillating
cylinder, and its action is derived from the oscillating movement of the
cylinder. The valve rod or a return rod fixed thereto and working
parallel to the cylinder's axis has fixed on it a pin, on which is a
swivelling block arranged to slide in the groove or slot of a curved
guide. This guide is set on a stationary stud or pin, and it can be set at
various angles by means of a lever and catch plate. When the guide

page_text: is inclined in one way the oscillation of the cylinder causes the valve
to reciprocate suitably for making the engine turn in one direction,
whilst on the guide being shifted so as to be inclined the other way it
reverses the motion of the valve and of the engine.
IMPROVED. APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING HYDROCARBON OILS IN THE FURNACES OF MARINE AND OTHER BOILERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicholas Demetrius. Spartali
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 30th May 1868..
I, NICHOLAS DEMETRIUS SPARTALI, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Steam Ship Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED. APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING HYDROCARBON OILS IN
THE FURNACES OF MARINE AND OTHER BOILERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel arrangement of apparatus for burning:
hydrocarbon oils. in furnaces for the production of heat and the generation
of steam..
In adapting my Invention to the furnace of a marine-boiler, for
example, I proceed in the following manner:-At about the level of the
ordinary fire-bars I.fit a rectangular frame, within which near its upper
edge and running round its sides and ends is an air tube connected with
a fan or blower. Within the space circumscribed by this tube a series.
of transverse bars which may be termed fire-bars is fitted, and below the
level of these bars. the surrounding air tube is pierced along its whole
length with holes through which the air supplied to the tube is dis-.
charged in small. streams. Below: the fire-bars is fitted an open pan, into

page_text: which pipes leading from a tank containing the hydrocarbon fuel to be
burned enter. The supply of liquid through these pipes to the pan must
be regulated by taps or equivalent means to ensure the production of an
equable bed of clear flame above the fire-bars. Fire is applied to the
pan to ignite the hydrocarbon oil, and the air discharged into the furnace
by the fan or blower travelling over the extended surface of the hydro-
carbon oil will quicken the vaporization of the oil, and mingling with
the ignited vapour will rise with the flame through the spaces between
the fire-bars. A bright surface of fire will thus be produced which will
be intensified by the currents of air rising up from below the pan and
passing over the edge thereof and mingling with the flame as it passes
up between the fire-bars. Thus not only will complete combustion of
the vapor as it rises from the pan be ensured, but the flame may be
intensified to any required degree. Instead of the fire-bars a hearth
pierced with holes or slotted may be used to form the flame bed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PIANOFORTES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Robert Samson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th September 1868.
I, GEORGE ROBERT SAMSON, of 30, Wells Street, Oxford Street, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PIANOFORTES," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists of an entirely new mode of constructing that
portion of the pianoforte to which the strings or wires are attached.
In this construction of the part alluded to I use strings double length,
that is, I shew as much length of string behind the pianoforte as I do
in front of the same.
The great advantage of this Invention is, that I am enabled to do
away with the ordinary iron and wood supports used to make the wrest
plank secure and resist the pull of the strings. My plan is to attach
the strings to a tuning pin which passes quite through the wrest plank,
every pin having two holes, one in front of wrest plank and the other
at back of same. The wire is then attached to one or other end of pin,
and is brought down and passed under a bridge at the bottom of sound
board, and is then brought up and attached to the other end of tuning

page_text: pin, thus pulling the wrest plank equally in front and back straight
down on to the upright supports between the strings. By this means I
effectually prevent the tendancy of the wrest plank pulling over, as is the
case with all pianofortes as at present constructed with strings on one
side of wrest plank only; this pulling over of wrest plank is the chicf
cause of pianofortes going out of tune. In my plan it is impossible for
this pulling over to occur, as the tension or pull of string is the same on
both sides of wrest plank.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO STOCKINGS AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE FEET
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Henrik Julius Matton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 10th September 1868.
I, CARL HENRIK JULIUS MATTON, of Stockholm, in the Kingdom of
Sweden, but now residing at Portland Place, Regent Street, in the
County of Middlesex, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO STOCKINGS AND OTHER COVERINGS
FOR THE FEET," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to strengthen or protect such parts of
stockings, socks, and other coverings for the feet as are liable to wear
more quickly than the other parts. The parts which will require pro-
tection are such parts as the toe and the under and back part of the
hecl, and sometimes the under side or sole of the foot.
The Invention consists in applying or adapting to such parts, cither by
sewing or otherwise, pieces of linen cloth or other, fabric or material,
and I prefer to place these protecting picces on the inside of the stocking
or other article, so that the latter is not disfigured externally.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MATTRESSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thomas Kent at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th February 1868.
I, JOHN THOMAS KENT, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Mattress
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MATTRESSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention is more particularly applicable to mattresses intended
to be used on iron bedsteads or upon those with bottoms made of
sacking, but it may also be applied with advantage to mattresses used
on bedsteads made with wooden lath bottoms. It is well known that
bedsteads, especially those made with iron bands or laths interwoven,
or with sacking bottoms, have a tendency to give way or sink down in
the centre, and such giving way or sinking is productive of great
discomfort to the sleeper, and it is to remedy this discomfort or
inconvenience that the present Invention is designed. Instead of
making the mattresses flat or of the same thickness throughout, as now
practised, I propose to make them thinner at the edges and gradually
thicker towards the centre, so that when such a mattress is laid upon
a bedstead having iron laths or a sacking bottom (and consequently
sinking in the centre) the upper face of the mattress instead of being

page_text: concave or hollow towards the centre as heretofore presents a level
surface, whilst its under side fits into and follows the curve of the
bottom of the bedstead. When a mattress of this description is used
with a bed with wooden laths, the upper surface instead of being either
flat or hollow, rises up in a gentle curve towards the centre. The
mattresses may be made with or without springs and stuffed with straw,
flocks, hair, feathers, or any other suitable material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES FOR OBTAINING ROTARY MOTION BY MEANS OF STEAM, WATER, GAS, OR OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Spring Lake Beech at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 16th March 1868.
I, THOMAS SPRING LAKE BEECH, of Charlton, in the County of Kent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ENGINES FOR OBTAINING ROTARY MOTION BY MEANS OF STEAM, WATER, GAS, OR
OTHER FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
The Invention has reference to the obtaining continuous rotary
motion by the direct action or application of the steam or motive fluid
which may be employed, and consists in constructing engines or appa-
ratus for the purpose in which the side surface of a wheel or disc is
provided with or made to carry chambers, recesses, or grooves of a cup-
like or other shape convenient for the steam or fluid to impinge against
as it issues from the necessary number of ports or openings presented to
them, and formed in or carried by the surface of a steam or fluid feeder
against which the side surface of the wheel is presented. The steam or
fluid from such ports acting simultaneously or otherwise. In order to
prevent escape otherwise than in the intended manner it is purposed that

page_text: the surfaces shall be kept in contact by means of springs, which may be
adjustable by screws if desired to suit the pressure employed, but
yeilding when too great, and thus establishing a kind of safety valve.
Particularly it is contemplated to employ a combination of a pair of
wheels or discs on one shaft, on which one or both of them may slide,
and with their chambers, recesses, or grooves situate on the outer side
surfaces of the combination, and with a spring or springs situate between
the pair, each of the two wheels or discs being furnished with a steam
or fluid feeder, against which it is pressed by the springs, and thereby
avoiding the use of packing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CIGAR TUBES AND PIPES WHEN USED IN COMBINATION
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Blumfeld at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
March 1868. A communication from abroad by Alois Christalon,
of Wieden, Vienna.
I, LOUIS BLUMFELD, of Wood Street, Cheapside, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CIGAR TUBES AND PIPES WHEN USED
IN COMBINATION," a communication to him from abroad by Alois
Christalon, of Wieden, Vienna, to be as follows:-
The novelty of this Invention consists in adapting the bowl of a
pipe to a cigar tube so that the tube may be used either as a cigar
tube for holding a cigar, or by constructing the bowl of a pipe in the
manner herein-after stated so as to fit into the cigar tube, the said
tube may be converted into a pipe. It is proposed also to construct
the bowl part of the cigar tube and the bowl of the pipe of such
designs that when used together they shall harmonize, and at the same
time the tube when used separately shall be a perfect design by itself,
for example, suppose the bowl of the tube to represent a man's head, the
bowl of the pipe may be of the shape of a hat fitting thereonto when
intended to be used as a pipe.

page_text: It is proposed to form the bowl of the pipe with a hollow stem at
the bottom thereof of the same size as the hole in the bowl of the
cigar tube in which it is intended to fit, a piece of cork of other suitable
material being placed around the aforesaid stem to make it fit air-tight
in the bowl of the cigar tube.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bisset at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
March 1868.
I, THOMAS BISSET, of Marlee, Blairgowrie, in the County of Perth,
North Britain, Implement Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES," to
be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object to improve the cutting action of
reaping and mowing machines, and to render the cutting mechanism
less liable to become choked than in ordinary machines. And the
Invention consists in fixing within and above each finger, sufficiently
hollowed out for the purpose, a strip wrought in cast steel and folded
back over the space in which the knife works. The edges of the steel
strip are bevilled or sharpened so as to form fixed cutters both above
and below the reciprocating knife. These steel cutting fingers are by
preference fixed upon the top of the finger bar, and fit into rebates
formed in the shoulders of the outer fingers so as to form a flush top
surface for the knife to work upon. The space for the knife to work in

page_text: is made as small as possible consistently with its free action; and as the
knife in acting against the crop bears it against fixed cutting edges
both above and below it, there is no likelihood of drawing in the crop
as in ordinary machines in which there are no fixed cutters, or as in
those in which there are fixed cutters on the under side only.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MINERS' SAFETY LAMPS IN SUCH A MANNER AS TO ENABLE PETROLEUM OR OTHER MINERAL OILS TO BE CONSUMED THEREIN
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Evan Thomas at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st January
1868.
I, EVAN THOMAS, of Number 7, Cardiff Street, Aberdare, Glamorgan,
Miners' Safety Lamp Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MINERS'
SAFETY LAMPS IN SUCH A MANNER AS TO ENABLE PETROLEUM OR OTHER MINERAL
OILS TO BE CONSUMED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
The construction of the ordinary miners' safety lamp so as to enable
petroleum and other mineral oils to be consumed therein, thereby
producing an increased light to the miner when using same, and
considerably lessening the danger of explosions when the lamp is used
in mines where gas exists.
In the present construction of miners' safety lamps a simple reservoir
is made at the bottom of the lamp to contain the animal or vegetable
oil that is consumed therein by means of a cotton wick. The oil thus
contained is often liable to be spilled and lost in consequence of the
motion of the lamp when used by the miner.

page_text: My Invention consists in constructing the reservoir or base of the
lamp with a tube of metal inserted down the centre, reaching nearly to
the bottom of the reservoir. The space around the tube is then packed
with flax or other absorbing substance, and afterwards saturated with
petroleum or other mineral oil. I then introduce in the tube a burner,
with a flat or round cotton wick, which reaches to the packing, and
when lighted absorbs the petroleum contained in the flax or other
substance. I also insert in the reservoir or base of the lamp a tube to
supply the flame with atmospheric air to promote combustion of the
wick; and I also obtain the same result by perforating the ring on the
lower part of the frame of the lamp. The lamp thus constructed gives a
superior light over the ordinary miners' safety lamp consuming oil,
and moreover can be used with greater safety where gas exists.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE WEIGHING APPARATUS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Thornton and Friedrich
Wilhelm Voss at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 12th February 1868.
We, JAMES THORNTON, Cabinet Maker, of No. 6, Polygon, Saint
Pancras, in the County of Middlesex, and FRIEDRICH WILHELM VOSS,
of No. 51, Compton Street, Brunswick Square, in the said County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE WEIGHING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to shew the true weight of any
commodity up to any weight without the use of "weights" or ball as
on the steelyard. Our application of the principle is by means of a
series of slides on the tubular or angular principle; on the outer slide
at or about the centre we fix our fulcrum, attached to which is the
suspending handle; to the left of the fulcrum we fix the suspending
pivot, attached to which is the suspending hook. The slides (except
the outer one) are graduated from the fractional part of a pound (lb.)
to any given quantity; on the outer slide we fix a spirit level to act
as indicator for very accurate weighing. The instrument when shut up
and suspended by the handle balances, and the use of it is thus,―hold

page_text: up the instrument by the handle, attach the article to be weighed to
the suspending hook, draw out one or more of the slides as the case
may be until an equilebrium is produced, when the weight will be thus
seen on the slides.
In further explanation of the mechanical action of our "Invention "
in drawing out the slides the weight of the counterpoise is lessened at
the same ratio that the length and weight of the lever increases, by
which means we are enabled to dispense with a ball, thereby lessening
the weight of the instrument, so that it can be conveniently carried in
the pocket.
What we claim as our Invention and desire to secure by Letters
Patent is, the application of the principle of the steelyard to a series
of slides so as to form a portable weighing apparatus as herein-before
described.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF RESTORING OR RENEWING WORN-OUT FILES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Thorniley and George
Bliss Wing at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 17th December 1868.
We, JOSHUA THORNILEY and GEORGE BLISS WING, of Massachussetts,
United States of America, at present temporarily residing at Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF RESTORING OR RENEWING WORN-OUT
FILES," to be as follows:-
We wash the files in a solution of warm water and concentrated potass
until thoroughly cleansed, and then we rinse them in warm water. We
now put one pint of warm soft water into a wooden box, into which are
put as many files as the water will cover, and then add to the above two
ounces of borax and two ounces of blue vitriol well pulverized together,
to which we add seven ounces of sulphuric acid by weight. We now
stir up
the files, and then add one quarter of an ounce of pure wine
vinegar, after which the files become red, and when the files are stirred
gently for a short time they resume their natural color, and the restoring
or renewing is completed. The files are now taken out of the vessel and

page_text: put in cold water, after which they are dried and oiled, and are thus
ready for use. We have given the quantities of liquids and substances
for a small number of files, but the quantities may be increased to.
any extent so long as the same proportions or thereabouts are
maintained.
In- PROVEMENTS IN CASK WASHING APPARATUS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Steel at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th May
1868.
I, JAMES STEEL, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Brewer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN CASK WASHING APPARATUS," to be as follows, that is to
say :-
This Invention has for its object the constructing of cask washing
apparatus in an improved manner and so as to act more efficiently and
conveniently than such apparatus as hitherto made.
The improved apparatus comprises a large disc or chuck plate fixed
on the overhanging end of a horizontal shaft made to revolve backwards
or forwards at any convenient speed. A series of cradles to receive the
casks are arranged in a circle on the face of the disc and are mounted
on journals connected by bevil gearing with each other and actuated
by suitable gearing. The casks are placed in the cradles with their
axes coinciding with the cradle journals, and when the machine is in
action each has a rotation about its own axis combined with the motion
due to being carried round by the rotating disc.

page_text: In a convenient modification of the improved apparatus there are two
large discs, one on each end of the shaft, and they may be provided with
cradles for different sizes of casks. The gearing for imparting the axial
rotation to the cradles consists of a bevil toothed ring encircling the
main shaft, but fixed to the framing, and having in gear with it a bevil
wheel on a radially disposed shaft carried upon the disc. This radial
shaft rotates in consequence of being carried round by the disc, and
it imparts motion by bevil gearing through a short intermediate spindle
to one of the cradle journals. Each cradle consists by preference of
two end discs having the journals on their outer sides and connected
by a barrel-shaped shell extending nearly half round. When a cask
is placed in the cradle it is held by means of a hinged metal strap
which is brought over it and secured by a cotter or latch. For large
casks or in small machines the disc may be provided with only one or
two cradles.
]
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Rowland Baguley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
February 1868.
I, ROWLAND BAGULEY, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster,
Shuttle Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
The first part of this Invention has for its object the construction
of that part of the shuttle called the peg or skewer with the desired
expansion and elasticity for securely holding the cop thereon without
the aid of springs or other contrivances as heretofore used for that
purpose. This I effect by securing the bent or arched portion of the
said peg or skewer at the nose end thereof and tempering or hardening
the same whilst in an arched position, thus securing the elasticity
required; the loose end of the arched portion of the said peg or skewer
is pointed and received in a hole or groove formed for that purpose
at the block end of the peg or skewer.
The second part of this Invention has for its object the construction
of shuttles in such a manner that the weft in delivery therefrom is

page_text: cut or broken when a warp thread breaks or when from other cause
the shuttle race is not clear; I thus prevent the formation of "floats
and production of inferior cloth. I attach one end of a curved spring
lever to the top of the shuttle, the other end of which lever extends
nearly through the top of the said shuttle at the point near the "weft
bole." When a warp thread breaks or any obstacle is presented to the
free passage of the shuttle along the race such obstacle acts upon
the curved part of the lever above mentioned, the end of which is
thus forced against the weft thread which it cuts or breaks and thus
prevents the formation of floats. A spiral spring acts on the said lever
and prevents its coming in contact with the weft thread unless some
-obstacles should be presented to the free passage of the shuttle; in
the latter case the pressure on the curved part of the lever over-
comes the power of the spiral spring and acts as above described.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN TREATING AND DEODORIZING OILS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Martin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
February 1868.
I, ROBERT MARTIN, of No. 1, Park Terrace, Horsham, in the County
of Sussex, Artist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN TREATING AND DEODORIZING OILS," to be as
follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in subjecting. oil to a low
degree of heat a certain length of time, the oil being kept at such
a temperature as shall be sufficient to volatalize and drive off in
vapour certain prejudicial matters, leaving the oil after being so heated
purer and no longer emitting offensive or objectionable odour.
My mode of operating is to put oil into any suitable vessel, placing.
it over a slow fire or heating it by means of gas or steam, as may
be found most convenient.. The effect of the application of heat will
be at first to increase the offensive or objectionable odour of the

page_text: oil which will by degrees pass off by allowing the oil to remain a
sufficient length of time, the heat being kept at a temperature just
high enough to cause vapour to pass off without the oil reaching the
boiling point; the oil being kept constantly agitated or stirred, it will
finally become purer, more limpid, and inodorous.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TONING, FIXING, AND WASHING PHOTOGRAPHIC PRINTS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO ROCKING MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Louis Delabene Marsden
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 4th December 1868.
I, HENRY LOUIS DELABENE MARSDEN, of Louth, in the County of
Lincoln, Surveyor & Photographer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
TONING, FIXING, AND WASHING PHOTOGRAPHIC PRINTS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
ALSO APPLICABLE TO ROCKING MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to
be as follows :-
My Invention consists of improved machinery or apparatus for toning,
fixing, and washing photographic prints, and in part is also useful for
other purposes where similar rocking motion arrangements to those
hereafter described are required.
The apparatus consists of one or more receptacles or vessels for
containing the toning or fixing solutions or water or other liquid
in which the photographic prints or other articles to be prepared
are immersed, and so arranged that by means of said machinery or
apparatus a mechanical rocking motion can be produced and applied
to the washing photographic prints and other fragile articles, as also in

page_text: the operations of toning and of fixing photographic prints, and for other
purposes for which it is desirable to use a rocking motion with
or without change of water or other liquid in the manner described.
In the said machinery or apparatus the receptacles before mentioned
are so placed as to be rocked by turning on its axis a rod or bar with
or without joints fitted with one or more bends, pins, or other projections
or with crank or cranks and connecting rod or rods fixed or movable,
which may be turned or put in motion either by the hand and foot or
any other mechanical power. Other arrangements of rocking mechanism
may however be adopted in lieu of the above, although those above
described I have hitherto considered preferable. The receptacles may
be filled with water or any other liquid to the required height, and
emptied either by means of jointed tubes of india-rubber connected with
-an-aperture or apertures in each receptacle or by tubes._of_other_
suitable material with or without joints or in any other convenient
manner.
In the operation of toning and of fixing photographic prints the
same motion is produced by the same means with the intention of
thoroughly separating the prints and keeping them in motion while
immersed in the toning and fixing solution.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THROSTLE FRAMES FOR SPINNING FLAX, Tow, HEMP, JUTE, SILK, WOOL, OR COTTON
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th May 1868.- A communication from abroad by Parent-
Monfort, Page-Drino, and Cimetière-Norbert, all of Lannoy, Nord,
France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son,
of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN THROSTLE FRAMES FOR SPINNING FLAX, Tow, HEMP, JUTE,
SILK, WOOL, OR COTTON," a communication to me from abroad by Parent-
Monfort, Page-Drino, and Cimetière-Norbert, all of Lannoy, Nord,
France, to be as follows:-
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawing, forming part of this Provisional
Specification, A indicates an eccentric, which governs and equipoises
the two rods B and D; B, rod furnished with a plug or stopper;
C, weight placed when desired on the rod B to quicken the entrance of
the plug into the funnel when the rod has lost its equilibrium; D, rod
terminating in a hook, which is held by the thread; E, funnel or
trumpet in which the roving passes, and which receives the plug; F,

page_text: lift "déclinche" of the rod B; G, lift, which can move as many rods B
as may be desired when the lifting of the bobbins takes place; H, loose
cross piece moved by the lift G; I, guide for directing the rod of the
plug E. The eccentric A equipoises and governs or drives the two rods
B and D; the hook at the end of the rod D is lightly held by the thread
beneath the drawing roller, and when the thread breaks this rod retires
and moves the rod B with its plug, which rod is behind the rollers,
traverses the hell or trough "bac" (when this system is applied in wet
spinning), and is directed by the guide I in such a way that the plug
enters straight into the funnel or trumpet E in which passes the roving,
and thus the roving being tightly squeezed in the funnel by the plug
breaks between the feeding cylinder and the funnel, and no waste is
produced. The placing of the weight on the rod B will depend upon
the thickness of the thread and the kind of material used; its object is
to precipitate the plug or stopper into the funnel with suitable rapidity
when the equilibrium is lost. This system results in a great reduction
of waste; it may be adapted to every denomination of thread, and may
also be used in all existing spinning frames, whether for flax, tow, hemp,
jute, sik, wool, or cotton, being modified according to the thickness of
the thread and the kind of material used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lambert at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
September 1868.
I, JOHN LAMBERT, Foreman to the Rose Lane Iron Works, Norwich,
in the County of Norfolk, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER," to be as
follows:-
My Invention has for its object an increased facility in raising water
from depths with a diminished expenditure of power, and consists in an
arrangement of apparatus whereby the action of the reciprocating piston
or plunger is aided by its flotation in the column of water around it, and
the valves are caused to act on a continuous column of water. At the
top of the suction pipe is fixed a valve opening upwards into a space or
chamber between this valve and another above it fixed in the top of a
hollow air-tight plunger forming a cylindrical air-tight chamber closed
at top and bottom and encircling the suction pipe, but of such diameter
as to leave a space for water between the outer surface of the said
chamber and the interior of the outer cylinder or pump barrel. The

page_text: hollow piston or plunger receives its vertical reciprocating motion by
any convenient means as required, and being entirely surrounded by
water is unimpeded in its action by the necessity of raising a column
of water in the ordinary way, but is caused to act in a permanent
column of water with compensating or balancing pressures all round
the said hollow plunger.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN METALLIC OR OTHER CAPS, AND IN THEIR APPLICATION TO BOTTLES OR OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Sturrock at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
November 1868.
I, JAMES STURROCK, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN METALLIC OR OTHER CAPS, AND IN THEIR APPLICATION TO BOTTLES OR
OTHER VESSELS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to an improved cap to be applied to bottles or
other vessels for the purpose of sprinkling in small quantities, or pouring
out the liquids or fluids contained therein. The lower part of the cap is
formed either of thin flexible metal, or of stiff metal, ivory, bone, wood,
or other material, and lined with cork, india-rubber, felt, or other elastic
material, so as to fit tight over the neck of the bottle or other vessel.
On the upper part of the cap a secondary removeable cap or cover without
openings is screwed or otherwise fitted. By means of this arrangement
of cap it can easily be removed from the bottle when required. In place
of fixing the cap by means of cork, india-rubber, felt, or other flexible

page_text: material it may have a screw thread formed in it, and be thereby fixed
to the bottle or other vessel containing the liquids or fluids. The
secondary cap or cover may also be lined with elastic material, so as to
fit tight on the perforated cap without a screw.