IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF REVERSIBLE, PLAIN, AND FANCY CLOTHS, WORSTED COATINGS, RUGS, BLANKETS, IMITATION SEAL- SKINS, TABLE-CLOTHS, VELVETS, DAMASKS, CARPETS, AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS EXTRACTING AND UTILIZING THE REFUSE PRODUCTS." PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Rydill, of Pontefract Villa, Highgate, London, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF REVERSIBLE, PLAIN,
AND FANCY CLOTHS, WORSTED COATINGS, RUGS, BLANKETS, IMITATION SEAL-
SKINS, TABLE-CLOTHS, VELVETS, DAMASKS, CARPETS, AND OTHER TEXTILE
FABRICS EXTRACTING AND UTILIZING THE REFUSE PRODUCTS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Rydill at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th December 1876.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
GEORGE RYDILL, of Pontefract Villa, Highgate, London.
THE MANUFACTURE OF REVERSIBLE, PLAIN, AND FANCY CLOTHS, WORSTED COATINGS,
RUGS, BLANKETS, IMITATION SEALSKINS, TABLE-CLOTHS, VELVETS, DAMASKS, CAR-
PETS, AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS, EXTRACTING AND UTILIZING THE REFUSE
PRODUCTS."
My Invention consists in the manufacture of plain, fancy, or imitation sealskin
or silk velvet pile, reversible cloth, piece goods, or fabrics having a reversible silk
face or back, and in utilizing silk rags, ribbons, and other woven or knitted silk
fabrics, extracted waste silk, or extracted silk rags which contained a vegetable
warp, or cotton or linen threads are pulled up by a rag machine, cotton waste or
Garnett machine into a silk down or wool for carding, spinning, combing, pro-
ducing, and treating yarns for the manufacture of improved, plain, or fancy cloths,
worsted coatings, rugs, blankets, imitation sealskin, or silk velvet pile, quilts, petti-
coats, horse rugs, pilots, naps, Witneys, beevers, Devons, president, and other cloth
having a face weft of wool or woollen material on one side of the piece goods or
fabrics, and silk weft on the back side; or cloth piece goods and fabrics are made
with a cotton, linen, or other vegetable warp or spun silk, alpacca, mohair, camel's
hair, cow; calf, or goat hair, extract wool, wool or woollen warp with a silk weft
face on one side, either plain, fancy, or silk velvet pile, and backed with alpacca,
mohair, camel's hair, cow, calf, or goat hair, extract wool, wool or woollen material
as weft on the back side; or piece goods, cloth, and fabrics are made plain, fancy,
imitation sealskin pile having alpacca, mohair, camel's hair, cow, calf, or goat hair,
or extract wool on the face side, and silk weft, plain, fancy, or pile on the back side;

page_text: or cloth piece goods or fabrics are made with a silk velvet pile from pulled up silk
rags, down, or wool, or a cotton velvet pile cut or raised on the face-side and with
a reversible silk or cotton, plain, fancy, or pile back; or cloth piece goods or fabrics
are made with a silk face, plain, fancy, or imitation sealskin, or silk velvet pile
from pulled up silk rags, down, or wool, and backed with weft of rabbit or hare
down or wool, vegetable silk, down feathers spun or united with silk, down, or wool,
alpacca, mohair, camel's hair, cow, calf, or goat hair, extract wool, wool, woollen
or cotton or silk velvet pile, cloth, damask, table-cloths, shawls, dress pieces; carpets,
and other textile fabrics are, made with a warp of spun silk, rag silk, down or
wool, cotton, linen, jute, wool or woollen, alpacca, mohair, camel's hair, extract wool,
or other animal or vegetable fibres, spun into a warp and woven, plain, fancy, or
reversible pile with a weft made of rag silk, down, or wool, or extracted silk waste,
enrded, spun, or combed; or extracted luster wool or hair from delaines, shallies,
linsey skirting, woollen or worsted stuff rags is spun into a warp or weft for the
manufacture or reversible worsted coatings, piece goods, or fabrics having a worsted
face, weft, and warp or warps, and a silk weft from pulled up silk rags, down, or
wool; or the face is inade with a silk weft, and the back of the piece worsted weft,
which may be made plain, figured, fancy, or imitation sealskin, pile, or cut velvet
pile on one or both sides, one being a silk velvet pile and the other a worsted pile,
the warp of which may be made either of worsted, silk, wool, woollen, or other
animal and vegetable fibres.
The silk face or back of these piece goods are ornamented or figured on the face
or back, according to taste or design, in the ordinary course of dyeing, printing, and
weaving, with dyed or printed warp or warps, weft or wefts of silk, wool or
.woollen, alpacca, mohair, camel's hair, cow, calf, or goat hair, extract wool, cotton,
rabbit or hare down, or feathers, so making the piece goods or fabrics plain, fancy,
imitation sealskin, velvet pile, a figured cloth, or reversible.
To obtain silk down wool quickly from large quantities of silk rags at a little
cost the silk rags and waste are first cleansed by washing, and then treated with
sulphuric, muriatic, or hydrochloric or nitric acid, or to the action of chlorides of
the metals or sulphates of the oxides of the metals, chloride of aluminium, or alum
liquids, or their acid gases or vapours to remove vegetable substances.
As many
of the silk rags contain a cotton warp or weft the removal of the vegetable sub-
stances by acid chemicals causes a beautiful silk waste to be produced, after which
the acid chemicals are removed from the silk by washing with water, aminonia,
potash, lime water, caustic soda, soap, or other alkali liquid, which acid and alkali
washing refuse waters serves to precipitate and cleanse the dirty waters from the
silk rags and other polluted water.
Extracting vegetable substances from silk rags is fully described in two of my
patented Inventions for cleansing and extracting cotton and vegetable substances
from silk or silk rags of March 4th, 1876, No. 944 and No. 945.
The silk rags, ribbons, waste, and satin rags after being cleansed with water and
alkali, and freed from cotton vegetable substances and foreign matter, are sorted into
colours, classed, and pulled up into silk down or wool, or satin down or wool, which
I card, condense, and spin into a silk or satin warp or weft; or I card and comb
the pulled-up silk or satin rag, down, or wool, and spin the same into a warp or
weft for the manufacture of plain, fancy, or imitation sealskin, velvet pile, piece
goods, or fabrics, which warp, weft, or yarns are dyed or printed into various shades
as required previous to weaving; or they may be dyed in the piece goods. Or the
silk rags are sorted into colours and classed uncleansed; and the cotton and vegetable
substances from silk rags are seamed by hand, that is, cutting off the seams which
contain cotton or vegetable threads with shears, and then cleansed by washing with
water or alkali, dyed, and pulled up into a silk, down, or wool to be carded, con-
densed, and spun into yarns for warp and weft.
For some purposes the silk rags are cleansed and pulled up into a silk down or
wool without the cotton threads and vegetable substances being removed, then
carded, condensed, and spun into yarns for reversible piece goods of a common class

page_text: or other textile fabrics, as herein described, and the vegetable substances are cotton
dyed in the piece goods.
If the pulled-up silk rags, down, or wool is not so long in staple when spun up
into yarns, and to give these yarns strength, I allow a thread of combed spun silk
to become twisted with each yarn in the spinning frame.
I also card, condense, and spin into yarns the pulled-up rag, silk, down, or wool,
and combine a small combed, spun, dyed yarn of wool, alpacca, mohair, camel's
hair, or extract wool with the silk yarn in the spinning frame, so as to give strength
and improve the appearance of piece goods; or a cotton or other vegetable thread
may be twisted with the silk yarn of the same colour, or they may vary in
colour.
Raw silk, silk noil, silk, or extracted silk waste may be carded, condensed, and
spun, or carded, combed, or spun, and used for a reversible silk face or back for
cloth or piece goods; but silk down or wool from silk rags or extracted waste silk
are produced at a most reasonable price, and light warm piece goods for garments,
carpets, and other purposes are produced from silk rag, down, or wool, which silk
rags are now in many cases sold for manure.
The reversible worsted coatings, pilots, naps, Witneys, beevers, Devons, and the
president class and other fabrics are when required figured either on the woollen,
silk, or hair face side or back with coloured silk, warp, or weft, or coloured woollen
and silk warp or weft, or coloured alpacca, mohair, camel, or other hair, and silk
warp or weft, which so improves the appearance that the reversible cloth serves
either for woman or man's wear, and the goods are produced cheaper in the piece
wool-dyed than now plain woollen piece goods are produced piece dyed. Carpets,
and other fabrics may in many cases be produced with the sorted silk colours
without re-dyeing when the colours are not faded.
The silk short noil separated by the combing machine I use for re-manufacture,
or for wadding, stuffing, and for other purposes.
Condensed spun silk yarns may be sized, but to soak the silk yarn in water after
it is spun causes the silk fibres to lay more closely together. This will allow of
more weft to be got into the piece goods, and by running the said yarns while wet
or in a damp state through a spinning or twisting frame, and giving them a
little more twist, the yarn is more readily compressed, which allows of more weft
to be got into the piece goods.
One of the great benefits which this Invention will confer is to render useful
the silk and satin fabrics, once so expensive, which substances when old or in
clippings, and reduced to the rag state, are today almost a worthless refuse.
By these substances being utilized, as described, will tend to establish economy
in the clothing of millions.
Nothing is more worthy of note than that which will cheapen and improve the
fabrics produced from once used garments, such as woollen cloths and their fabrics,
especially so when the re-used silk, satin rags, and waste silk will ornament new
wool and worsted fabrics, woollen material, alpacca, mohair, camel's hair, cow, calf,
or goat hair, imitation sealskins, extract wool, and new silk fabrics, dress pieces, and
other textile fabrics.
SPECIFICATION in purstiance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Rydill in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th June
1877.
George Rydill, of Pontefract Villa, Highgate, London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF REVERSIBLE, PLAIN, AND FANCY CLOTHS, WORSTED COATINGS,
RUGS, BLANKETS, IMITATION SEALSKINS, TABLE-CLOTHS, VELVETS, DAMASKS, CAR-
PETS, AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS, EXTRACTING AND. UTILIZING THE REFUSE
PRODUCTS."

page_text: My Invention consists in the manufacture of plain, fancy, or imitation sealskin
or silk velvet pile, reversible cloth, piece goods, or fabrics having a reversible silk
face or back, and in utilizing silk rags, ribbons, and other woven or knitted silk
fabrics, extracted waste silk, or extracted silk rags which contained a vegetable
warp, or cotton or linen threads are pulled up by a rag machine, cotton waste, or
Garnett machine into a silk down or wool for carding, spinning, combing, producing,
and treating yarns for the manufacture of improved plain or fancy cloths, worsted
coatings, rugs, blankets, imitation seal skin or silk velvet pile, quilts, petticoats,
horse rugs, pilots, naps, Witneys, beevers, Devons, president, and other cloth having
a face weft of wool or woollen material on one side of the piece goods or fabrics and
silk weft on the back side; or cloth piece goods and fabrics are made with a cotton,
linen, or other vegetable warp or spun silk, alpacca, mohair, camel's hair, cow, calf,
or goat hair, extract wool, wool or woollen warp with a silk weft face on one side,
either plain, fancy, or silk velvet pile, and backed with alpacca, mohair, camel's
hair, cow, calf or goat hair, extract wool, wool or woollen material as weft on the
back side; or piece goods, cloth, and fabrics are made plain, fancy, imitation scal-
skin pile having alpacca, mohair, camel's hair, cow, calf or goat hair, or extract
wool on the face side and silk weft, plain, fancy, or pile on the back side; or cloth
piece goods or fabrics are made with a silk velvet pile from pulled up silk, rags,
clown, or wool, or a cotton velvet pile cut or raised on the face side and with a
reversible silk or cotton, plain, fancy, or pile back; or cloth piece goods or fabrics
are made with a silk face plain, fancy, or imitation sealskin or silk velvet pile from
pulled up silk rags, down, or wool, and backed with weft of rabbit or hare down or
wool, vegetable silk down, feathers, spun or united with silk down, or wool, alpacca,
mohair, camel's hair, cow, calf, or goat hair, extract wool, wool, woollen, or cotton;
or silk velvet pile cloth, damask table-cloths, shawls, dress pieces, carpets and other
textile fabrics are made with a warp of spun silk, rag silk, down, or wool, cotton,
linen, jute, wool or woollen, alpacca, mohair, camel's hair, extract wool, or other
animal or vegetable fibres spun into a warp and woven plain, fancy, or reversible
pile, with a weft made of rug silk down, or wool, or extracted silk waste carded?
spun, or combed; or extracted luster wool or hair from delaines, shallics, linsey
skirting, woollen or worsted stuff rags are spun into a warp or weft for the manu-
facture of reversible worsted coatings, piece goods or fabrics, having a worsted face
weft and warp or warps and a silk weft back from pulled up silk rags, down, or
wool; or the face is made with a silk weft and the back of the piece worsted weft,
which may be made plain, figured, fancy or imitation sealskin pile or cut velvet
pile on one or both sides, one being a silk velvet pile and the other a worsted pile,
the warp of which may be made either of worsted, silk, wool, woollen, or other
animal and vegetable fibres.
The silk face or back of these piece goods are ornamented or figured on the face
or back, according to taste or design, in the ordinary course of dyeing, printing, and
weaving with dyed or printed warp or warps, weft or wefts of silk, wool or woollen,
alpacca, mohair, camel's hair, cow, calf or goat hair, extract wool, cotton, rabbit or
hare down, or feathers, so making the piece goods or fabrics, plain, fancy, imitation
sealskin, velvet pile, a figured cloth, or reversible.
To obtain silk down or wool quickly from large quantities of silk rags at little
cost, the silk rags and waste are first cleansed by washing and then treated with
sulphuric, muriatic, or hydrochloric or nitric acid, or to the action of chlorides of
metals or sulphates of the oxides of metals, chloride of aluminium, or alum liquids
or their acid gases or vapours to remove vegetable substances. As many of the silk
rags contain a cotton warp or weft the removal of the vegetable substances by acid
chemicals causes a beautiful silk waste to be produced, after which the acid chemicals
are removed from the silk by washing with water, ammonia, potash, lime water,
caustic soda, soap or other alkali liquid, which acid and alkali washing refuse
waters serves to precipitate and cleanse the dirty waters from the silk rags and
other polluted water.
Extracting vegetable substances from silk rags is fully described in two of my

page_text: Patented Inventions for cleansing and extracting cotton and vegetable substances
from silk or silk rags of March 4th, 1876, No. 944 and No. 945.
The silk rags, ribbons, waste, and satin rags after being cleansed with water and
alkali and freed from cotton vegetable substances and foreign matter are sorted into
colours, classed, and pulled up into silk down or wool, or satin down or wool, which
I card, condense, and spin into a silk or satin warp or weft; or I card and comb
the pulled-up silk or satin rag, down, or wool, and spin the same into a warp or
weft for the manufacture of plain, fancy, or imitation sealskin, velvet pile, piece
goods, or fabrics, which warp weft, or yarns are dyed or printed into various shades
as required previous to weaving, or they may be dyed in the piece goods. Or the
silk rags are sorted into colours and classed uncleansed and the cotton and vegetable
substances from silk rags are seamed by hand, that is, cutting off the seams which
contain cotton or vegetable threads with shears, and then cleansed by washing with
water or alkali, dyed, and pulled up into a silk down or wool to be carded, condensed,
and spun into yarns for warp and weft.
For some purposes the silk rags are cleansed and pulled up into a silk down or
wool without the cotton threads and vegetable substances being removed, then
carded, condensed, and spun into yarns for reversible piece goods of a common class
or other textile fabrics, as herein described, and the vegetable substances are cotton
dyed in the piece goods.
If the pulled-up silk rag, down, or wool is not so long in staple to give it strength
when spun up into yarns I allow a thread of combed spun silk to become twisted
with each yarn in the spinning frame.
I also card, condense, and spin into yarns the pulled-up rag, silk, down, or wool,
and combine a small combed, spun, dyed yarn of wool, alpacca, mohair, camels'
hair, or extract wool with the silk yarn in the spinning frame so as to give strength
and improve the appearance of piece goods; or a cotton or other vegetable thread
may be twisted with the silk yarn of the same colour, or they may vary in colour.
Raw silk, silk noil, silk, or extracted silk waste may be carded, condensed, and
spun or carded, combed and spun, and used for a reversible silk face or back for
cloth or piece goods, but silk, down, or wool from silk rags or extracted waste silk
are produced at a most reasonable price, and light, warm piece goods for garments,
carpets, and other purposes are produced from silk rag, down, or wool, which silk
rags are now in many cases sold for manure.
The reversible worsted coating, pilots, naps, Witneys, beevers, Devons, and the
president class and other fabrics are, when required, figured, either on the woollen,
silk, or hair face, side, or back with coloured silk warp or weft, or coloured woollen
and silk warp or weft, or coloured alpacca, mohair, camels' or other hair, and silk
warp or weft, which so improves the appearance that the reversible cloth serves
either for woman's or man's wear, and the goods are produced cheaper in the piece
wool-dyed than now plain woollen piece goods are produced piece dyed. Carpets
and other fabrics may in many cases be produced with the sorted silk colours with-
out re-dyeing when the colours are not faded.
The silk short noil separated by the combing machine I use for re-manufacture,
or for wadding, stuffing, and for other purposes.
Condensed spun silk yarns may be sized, but to soak the silk yarn in water after
it is spun causes the silk fibres to lay more closely together. This will allow of
more weft to be got into the piece goods, and by running the said yarns while wet,
or in a damp state through a spinning or twisting frame and giving them a little
more twist the yarn is more readily compressed, which allows of more weft to be
got into the piece goods.
One of the great benefits which this Invention will confer is to render useful the
silk and satin fabrics once so expensive, which substances when old or in clippings
and reduced to the rag state are to-day almost a worthless refuse.
By these substances being utilized as described it will tend to establish economy
in the clothing of millions.
Nothing is more worthy of note than that which will cheapen and improve the

page_text: fabrics produced from once-used garments, such as woollen cloths and other fabrics;
especially so when the re-used silk, satin rags, and waste silk will ornament new
wool and worsted fabrics, woollen material, alpacca, mohair, camels' hair, cow, calf,
or goat hair, imitation seal skins, extract wool and new silk fabrics, dress pieces,
and other textile fabrics.
Having described my Invention and the manner in which the same is to be
performed, I wish it to be understood that I do no, limit myself to the precise
details herein-before described, as they may be varied without departing from the
nature of my said Invention; neither do I claim any of the machinery herein-before
described for pulling up the rags and extract waste silk, but what I claim as my
said Invention is,―
First. The right of rendering useful silk extract, extract silk, silk and satin rag,
down, or wool for yarns and fabrics, in place of them being allowed to decay and be
used for manure, as herein-before described.
Secondly. The carding, condensing, spinning, combing, producing, and treating
yarns from silk, extract waste silk, rag and ribbon, silk down or wool, for the
manufacture of improved plain and fancy clotb, mixed or united with rag and
ribbon, silk down or wool, reversibles, worsted coatings, rugs, blankets, imitation
sealskins or silk velvet pile, quilts, petticoats, pilots, naps, Witneys, beevers, Devons,
presidents and other cloth, damask tablecloths, shawls, dress pieces, carpets, and
textile fabrics of silk mixed, twisted, or united in the spinning frame with dyed or
printed yarns or threads of silk, wool, or woollen, alpacca, mohair, camels' hair, cow,
calf, or goat hair, extract wool, vegetable silk, and cotton material, as herein-before
described.
Thirdly. Dyeing or printing the extract or rag silk, down, or wool yarns before
manufacture, and dyeing or printing the same in. plain or reversible piece goods,. as
herein-before described.
Fourthly. Ornamenting or figuring the cloth or velvet pile on the face or back
side, as herein described.
Fifthly. Extracting silk rags, I utilize the refuse chemicals, as herein described.
Sixthly. The cloth fabrics and material, as herein described, for which this Patent
is obtained.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Rydill, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Ninth day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven.
GEORGE RYDILL. (L.S.)