Improvements in Stoppers for Bottles, Jars, and other Articles.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Jan., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 25th Oct., 1893-Accepted, 25th Jan., 1894
Improvements in Stoppers for Bottles, Jars, and other Articles.
:
1, EUGENE BREGEON, Junior, of Exchange Buildings, Mount Stuart Square,
Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This invention applies to such contrivances for closing the mouths or orifices of
bottles jars or other articles as consist of a screw cap or screw plug or similar
contrivance.
By a screw cap I mean a disc having a raised rim on the inside of which rim
there is a female screw and the cap screws on to a male screw on the outside of
the neck of the bottle jar or other article.
By a screw plug I mean a plug having upon it a male screw and screwing into
a female screw inside the neck mouth or orifice of the bottle jar or other article.
My invention consists in placing within the screw cap or beneath the screw plug
a piece of any suitable substance as hereinafter described and which piece I call
the stopper and which stopper is by the action of the screw cap or plug pressed
against or into the mouth or orifice of the bottle jar or other article. And further
my invention consists in so shaping the aforesaid stopper or in so shaping the
lower surface of the screw cap or plug or in interposing substances of such material
and shape between the screw cap or plug and the stopper or in so combining two
or more of these methods that contact between the screw cap or plug and the
stopper or transmission of pressure from the screw cap or plug to the stopper may
take place only in or about the centre or line of the axis of rotation of the screw
and not at or near the circumference of the screw.
One part of my invention is as follows:-
:
I so shape the lower face of the disc of the screw cap or the lower face of the
screw plug and I so shape the upper face of the stopper that the only part of the
disc or plug pressing upon the stopper is situated in or about the centre or axis of
rotation of the said screw cap or plug, that is to say I shape either one or both
of the said adjacent parts in the form of a cone ellipse hemisphere or other
analogous shape, or I make on one or both of the said adjacent parts a projection
of diameter considerably less than that of the stopper, the centre or apex of such
cone ellipse hemisphere or other analogous shape and the centre or apex of such
projection being situated in the line of the axis of rotation of the screw cap or
plug.
Another part of my invention is as follows:
I interpose between the disc of the screw cap and the stopper or between the
screw plug and the stopper as the case may be one or more discs or pieces of any
suitable substance and of such shape or shapes that pressure shall be transmitted
from the screw cap or plug to the stopper in or about the axis of rotation only of
the screw and not at or near its circumference, that is to say I make such discs or
pieces of the following or analogous shapes :-cone double-cone hemisphere sphere
plano-convex double-convex, the centre or apex of each such cone hemisphere
convexity or analogous shape being in the line of the axis of rotation of the screw
cap or plug: Or I make the said discs or pieces of a diameter considerably less
than that of the stopper and retain them in the axis of the screw cap or plug by
the means hereinafter described.
The screw cap or plug and the stopper are connected by a small rod or wire
passing upwards from the stopper and through a hole in the centre of the screw

page_text: cap or plug and bent back or capped or otherwise secured above the screw cap
or plug in such a manner that the said screw cap or plug may be able to revolve
freely upon the said rod or wire. And when I interpose one or more discs or
pieces as before described between the stopper and the screw cap or plug the said
rod or wire passes through a hole in the centre of each disc or piece fitting the
hole hermetically or moving freely in it as may be desirable.
Or the various parts may be connected together in any other suitable manner.
The stopper and also the interposed discs or pieces if any may be made of
wood metal vulcanite papier-maché glass stone bone celluloid porcelain or other
suitable substance. And in that part of my invention in which discs. or.pieces
are interposed between the stopper and the screw cap or plug the said stopper
may also be made of india-rubber caoutchouc cork or like substances.
The body of the stopper is of shape to suit the orifice to be closed, and the
lower surface of the stopper may be flat conical convex hemispherical concave
or of other suitable shape, as may be desirable.
The stopper may be pressed against the mouth or orifice of the bottle or
other article or it may be pressed against a ledge or recess made within the said
mouth or orifice.
The stopper may bear upon or around it a ring or disc of india-rubber
caoutchouc cork or other compressible substance.
A ring of india-rubber caoutchouc cork or other compressible substance may be
placed in a ledge or recess made around or within the mouth or orifice of the
bottle or other article in such a manner that the stopper may press upon the said
ring.
Or the stopper of some compressible substance or having around it some com-
pressible substance as india-rubber caoutchouc cork may be forced into the neck
mouth or orifice of the bottle or other article so as to be compressed by the sides
of the neck, or there may be a ring of some compressible substance within the
neck in a suitable recess which is pressed against the sides of the neck by the
stopper passing through it and expanding. it, and in both of these cases I make
the lower part of the stopper conical or of some analogous shape.
Dated this Twenty-fifth day of January 1893.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Stoppers for Bottles, Jars, and other Articles.
I, EUGENE BREGEON, Junior, of Exchange Buildings, Mount Stuart Square,
Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained, in and by the following statement:-
This invention applies to such contrivances for closing the mouths or orifices
of bottles, jars, or other like articles as consist of a screw cap or a screw-plug or a
like contrivance acting by means of a screw or other device producing the effect
of a screw.
By a screw cap I mean a disc having a raised rim, on the inside of which rim
there is a female screw, and the cap screws on to a male screw on the outside of the
neck of the bottle, jar, or other article.
By a screw plug I mean a plug having upon it a male screw and screwing into
a female screw inside the neck, mouth or orifice of the bottle, jar, or other
article.
My invention consists in placing within the screw cap or beneath the screw plug,
that is to say between the screw cap or plug and the mouth or orifice of the bottle,
jar, or other article, a piece of shape and material as hereinafter described; and
which piece I call the stopper, and which stopper is by the action of the screw cap

page_text: or plug pressed against or into the mouth or orifice of the bottle jar or other
article.
And further, my invention consists in so shaping the aforesaid stopper or in so
shaping the lower surface of the disc of the screw cap or the lower surface of the
screw-plug, or in interposing substances of such material and shape between the
disc of the screw cap and the stopper or between the screw plug and the stopper or
in so combining two or more of these methods that contact between the screw cap
or plug and the stopper, or transmission of pressure from the screw cap or plug to
the stopper may take place only in or about the line of the axis of rotation of the
screw and not at or near the circumference of the screw, whereby with the least
possible amount of friction the stopper may be pressed directly and with one
motion only against or into the mouth or orifice to be closed, without partaking of
the revolving motion of the screw cap or plug, and thereby owing to the diminished
friction greater power is available and a better and closer joint obtainable.
One part of my invention is as follows:-
I so shape the lower face of the disc of the screw cap or the lower face of the
screw plug, and I so shape the upper face of the stopper that the only part of the
disc or plug pressing upon the stopper is situated in or about the centre or axis of
rotation of the said screw cap or plug, that is to say I shape either one or both of
the said adjacent parts in the form of a cone (either simple or truncated) convexity
ellipse hemisphere or other analogous shape, or I make on one or both of the said
adjacent parts a projection of diameter considerably less than that of the stopper
(and such projection I make either cylindrical or else of one of the forms
enumerated above, that is to say conical convex elliptical hemispherical or of other
analogous shape), the centre or apex of such cone convexity ellipse hemisphere or
other analogous shape and the centre or apex of such projection being situated in
the line of the axis of rotation of the screw cap or plug.
Another part of my invention is as follows:-
I interpose between the disc of the screw cap and the stopper or between the
screw plug and the stopper as the case may be one or more discs or pieces of any
suitable substance as hereinafter described and of such shape or shapes that
pressure shall be transmitted from the screw cap or plug to the stopper in or about
the axis of rotation only of the screw, and not at or near its circumference, that is
to say I make such discs or pieces of the following or analogous shapes: cone
double-cone hemisphere sphere plano-convex double-convex, the centre or apex of
each such cone hemisphere convexity or analogous shape being in the line of the
axis of rotation of the screw cap or plug: Or I make the said discs or pieces of a
diameter considerably less than that of the stopper and of form either cylindrical
or else of one of the forms enumerated above, that is to say cone double-cone
hemisphere sphere plano-convex double-convex or analogous shape, and retain them
in the axis of the screw cap or plug by the means hereinafter described.
And any of the different methods above described may be used either conjointly
or separately.
The body of the stopper is of shape to suit the orifice to be closed, and the lower
surface of the stopper may be flat conical convex hemispherical concave or of other
suitable shape, and in some cases the whole stopper may take the form of a sphere
or of a double-convex lens.
And I connect the screw cap or plug with the stopper by means of a small-
round rod or wire attached to the stopper and passing upwards from it through a
hole in the centre of the screw cap or plug, which hole is made sufficiently large
for the screw cap or plug to revolve freely upon the rod or wire; and above the
screw cap or plug the rod or wire is bent back at right angles or provided with a
head or cap, so that the various pieces may be held loosely together when the
screw cap or plug is raised from the bottle. And when I interpose one or more
discs or pieces as before described between the stopper and the screw cap or plug
the said rod or wire passes through a hole in the centre of each disc or piece,
fitting the hole hermetically or moving freely in it as may be desirable.

page_text: :
"
The rod or wire may either be a separate piece or it may be made in one piece
either with the stopper or with any of the interposed discs or.
r pieces, and when it
is a separate piece I prefer to make it of metal in the form of a nail.
The various parts may however be connected together in any other suitable
manner, or may in some cases be left unconnected.
The stopper and also the interposed discs or pieces if any may be made of wood
metal vulcanite papier-maché glass bone stone celluloid porcelain or other suitable
material of sufficient hardness: And in that part of my invention in which discs
or pieces are interposed between the stopper and the screw cap or plug the said
stopper may be made of india-rubber caoutchouc cork or other elastic and com-
pressible material.
The stopper may be pressed against the mouth or orifice of the bottle or other
article or it may be pressed against a ledge or recess made within the said mouth
or orifice.
The stopper may bear around it a ring, or upon its lower surface a disc, of
of india-rubber caoutchouc cork or other compressible material.
A ring of india-rubber caoutchouc cork or other compressible substance may be
placed in a ledge or recess made around or within the mouth or orifice of the bottle
or other article in such a manner that the stopper may press upon the said ring.
Or the stopper of some compressible substance or having around it some
compressible substance as india-rubber caoutchouc cork may be forced into the
neck mouth or orifice of the bottle or other article so as to be compressed by the
sides of the neck; or there may be a ring of some compressible substance within
the neck in a suitable recess, which ring is pressed against the sides of the neck by
the stopper passing through it and expanding it, and in both of these cases I
make the lower part of the stopper conical or of some analogous shape.
In the drawings accompanying this Specification, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6 show
examples. of the invention used in connection with a screw cap. In these six
figures a is the stopper, and in all but Fig. 5 it is by the action of the screw cap
pressed against the mouth of the bottle; in Fig. 5 it is conical in shape, and
entering within the neck expands a ring of india-rubber or cork or like substance,
shown in section as black throughout.
Fig. 1. a is the stopper, is the screw cap, having the lower surface of its disc
of a convex form, c is a nail passing through a hole in the cap (in which hole it
moves freely) and securely fastened into the stopper, d is a ring of rubber, cork, etc.,
n is the neck of the bottle, and ss is the screw thread, inside the screw cap and
outside the neck of the bottle.
Fig. 2. a is the stopper, having on its upper surface a hemispherical projection,
bis the screw cap, e the connecting nail or rod as in Fig. 1, d a ring of rubber,
cork, etc., n the neck of the bottle, and ss the screw.
Fig. 3. a is the stopper, 6 the screw cap, c the connecting nail or rod, e is a small
circular disc or piece interposed between the disc of the screw cap and the stopper,
n is the neck of the bottle, and ss the screw.
Fig. 4. The stopper a has its upper surface convex, and the screw cap has a
flat disc.
Fig. 5. The cap 6 has the lower surface of its disc in the shape of a truncated
cone. The connecting rod e instead of being an independent piece is in one piece
• with the stopper a and has a head clamped on to it as shown.
Fig. 6. The stopper a is made of a compressible material, as india-rubber or
cork, and the interposed disc or piece e is in the form of a plano-convex lens. In
this example the connecting nail or rod has been dispensed with.
Figs. 7 & 8 show examples of the invention as applied in connection with a
screw plug.
Fig. 7. a is the stopper, here shown as being perfectly spherical, b is the screw
plug.
Fig. 8. a is the stopper, here shown as of the form of a truncated cone. b is the
screw plug and c the connecting rod or nail.

page_text: In all of these figures the compressible ring of india-rubber, cork, or like
substance, marked d in Figs. 1 & 2, is shown black in section.
In the case of a round mouthed bottle, etc., as is usual, any number of vertical:
sections, as are these shown, would be identical.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what.
I claim is :-
1. The use in connection with a screw device of a stopper as described for closing
the mouths of bottles, jars, and like articles.
2. The convex, conical, hemispherical, elliptical, or like form of the upper
surface of the stopper, or the projection upon the upper surface of the stopper, as
described, so that the centre of such projection or the apex of such convexity, cone,
hemisphere, ellipse, etc., is in the line of the axis of rotation of the screw cap or
plug.
3. The giving of a like form as described in the preceding claim to the lower
surface of the disc of the screw cap or to the lower surface of the .screw-
plug.
4. The interposing of discs or pieces of a certain form, as described, between the
screw cap or plug and the stopper, that is to say the making of these discs or
pieces conical, convex, hemispherical, spherical, or of like shapes, having the apex
of each cone, etc., in the line of the axis of rotation of the screw cap or plug, or the
making of these discs or pieces of diameter considerably less than the stopper, and
of shape as described, and retaining them in the centre or axis of rotation of the
screw by suitable means.
5. The method of connecting together the various parts by a rod or wire as.
described.
Dated this Nineteenth day of January 1894.