IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SMELTING OR REFINING OF TIN, TIN ORES, AND TIN SCRUFF
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Palmer Budd, of Ystalyfera Iron Works,
Swansea, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SMELTING OR
REFINING OF TIN, TIN ORES, AND TIN SCRUFF."
Sealed the 27th August. 1858, and dated the 8th March 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Palmer Budd at-
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th March 1858.
I, JAMES PALMER BUDD, of Ystalyfera Iron Works, Swansea, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN, THE SMELTING OR
REFINING OF TIN, TIN ORES, AND TIN SCRUFF," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in smelting and refining tin, tin ores, and tin scruff
in close vessels from which the atmospheric air is excluded, and into which
carbon is introduced in the necessary quantities, and. the vessels are heated
externally by fires. The pure tin first separates from the matters with which
it may be mixed, and afterwards a higher temperature may be applied,
sufficient to smelt the earthy matters and more refractory metals mixed with
the tin, tin ores, and tin scruff.
The Invention is also applicable to separate the tin from tin plates and tin
plate shearings which may be unserviceable.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Palmer Budd in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
4th September 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
PALMER BUDD, of Ystalyfera Iron Works, Swansea, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said James Palmer Budd, Her special licence that I, the said
James Palmer Budd, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said James Palmer Budd, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the, United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN THE SMELTING OR REFINING OF TIN, TIN ORES, AND TIN SCRUFF,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James Palmer Budd,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
. NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Palmer Budd, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in smelting and refining tin, tin ores, and tin scruff
in close vessels, from which the atmospheric air is excluded, and into which
carbon is introduced in the necessary quantities, and the vessels are heated
externally by fires. The pure tin first separates from the matters with which
it may be mixed, and afterwards a higher temperature may be applied sufficient
to smelt the earthy matters and more refractory metals mixed with the tin,
tin ores, and tin scruff.
The Invention is also applicable to separate the tin from tin plates and tin
plate shearings, which may be unserviceable.
The furnaces to be employed in the smelting and refining of tin, tin ores,

page_text: and tin scruff will nearly resemble those used for the reduction of blende or
black jack ores into metallic zinc or spelter. The pots or crucibles may be of
clay or of cast iron, according to the intensity of heat required to be given,
and may be in shape either of the English or Silesian form. Instead of
mixing carbonaceous matters with the tin, tin ores, and tin scruff in the
closed vessels, the oxides may be first reduced by a preparatory process in a
suitable calciner, and if it be desired to fuse the earthy admixture in the tin
ores, fluxes suitable for the purpose may be introduced with such ores into the
pots, which in that case should be made of the best Stourbridge clay.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Palmer Budd, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Third day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness,
JOHN TREVILLIAN JENKIN, of Swansea,
in the County of Glamorgan,
Solicitor, and a Commissioner to
administer oaths in Chancery in
England.
J. PALMER BUDD. (L.s.)