CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COILED OR HELICAL SPRINGS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Theophilus Jackson, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COILED OR HELICAL SPRINGS."-A communi-
cation from abroad by Thomas James Sloan, of Paris, in the Empire of
France, Engineer.
Sealed the 19th April 1864, and dated the 19th February 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Theophilus Jackson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th February 1864.
I, THEOPHILUS JACKSON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COILED OR HELICAL SPRINGS,'
being a communication to me from abroad by Thomas James Sloan, of Paris,.
in the Empire of France, Engineer, to be as follows:—
My Invention is designed to produce a coiled spring of greater strength,.
durability, and regularity of action than has been hitherto used.
The improvements consist in first winding or coiling the wire on a spindle or
maundril, say in a direction from left to right (in which state it is an ordinary
helical spring, and comparatively of little strength), and then passing and
retaining the end of the wire beneath the coil next to it, and turning the
spring round its axis until the whole of it has passed over the said end, which
reverses the coils and leaves them in a direction from right to left, which has

page_text: the effect of causing the coils to spring closely and tenaciously together, each
coil endeavouring to recover its former direction, the chief feature of the
Invention being reversing the direction of the coils after first winding on
the maundril, which has the effect of increasing the power and durability of the
spring.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Theophilus Jackson in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 19th August 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THEOPHILUS
JACKSON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Theophilus Jackson, Her special license that I, the said Theophilus
Jackson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Theophilus Jackson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COILED OR HELICAL SPRINGS,"
being a communication to me from abroad by Thomas James Sloan, of Paris,
in the Empire of France, Engineer, upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Theophilus Jackson, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Theophilus Jackson, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
The Invention is designed to produce a coiled spring of greater strength,
durability, and regularity of action than has been hitherto used.

page_text: The improvements consist in first winding or coiling the wire on a spindle
or maundril, say in a direction from left to right (in which state it is an
ordinary helical spring and comparatively of little strength) and then passing
and retaining the end of the wire beneath the coil next to it, and turning the
spring round its axis until the whole of it has passed over the said end, which
reverses the coils and leaves them in a direction from right to left, which has
the effect of causing the coils to spring closely and tenaceously together, each
coil endeavouring to recover its former direction, the chief feature of the
Invention being reversing the direction of the coils after first winding on
the maundril, which has the effect of increasing the power and durability of
the spring. I would remark that this improvement may be accomplished
simply by turning the coils, as described, by the fingers, or it may be effected
by placing the spring on a maundril, one end of the spring being secured
thereto, the maundril being turned so as to cause the entire length of the
spring to pass over the secured end so as to reverse the coils, or any other
simple mechanism may be designed to effect the same purpose.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, together with
the method of carrying the same into practical effect, I wish it to be under-
stood that I claim the reversing the direction of the coils in coiled springs by
passing and retaining one end of the wire beneath the coil next to it, and
turning the spring round until the whole of the coils have passed over the
said end.
In witness whereof, I, the said Theophilus Jackson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
THEOPHILUS JACKSON. (L.S.)
Witnessed by
JOHN L. DAVIES,
Patent Office,
4, St. Ann's Sq., Manchester.