IMPROVEMENTS IN. THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST-STEEL TYBES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Sampson Lloyd, of Wednesbury, Staffordshire, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN. THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST-STEEL
TYBES."
Sealed the 4th January 1860, and dated the 6th July 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Sampson Lloyd at the
Office of the Cominissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
July 1859.
I, SAMPSON LLOYD, of Wednesbury, Staffordshire, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN. THE MANUFACTURE OF
CAST-STEEL TYRES," to be as follows:-
In making tyres from ingots of cast steel I hammer the ingot when
reheated under a tilt or other hammer, whereby the quality of the steel is
improved and the ingot formed into a shape fit for the rolls. The ingot after
being thus hammered is rolled into the required section in two or more heats
which further tends greatly to improve the quality of the steel. The tyre
bars are then bent to a circle in the usual manner, and the ends welded
together by the use of steel, iron, or borax, or by running a stream of molten
steel between the ends of the tyre and closing them by hydraulic or other
pressure.

page_text: I also make cast-steel tyres in a continuous ring or circle by casting them
in a mould with an elastic core to allow for the contraction of the metal in
cooling.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Sampson Lloyd in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
6th January 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMPSON
LLOYD, of Wednesbury, Staffordshire, send greeting.
WHEREAS Iler most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Sampson Lloyd, Her special licence that I, the said Sampson Lloyd, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Sampson.
Lloyd, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CAST-STEEL TIRES," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Sampson Lloyd, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their bands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that 1, the said Sampson Lloyd, do hereby declare the
ature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
that is to say:-
My Invention of improvements in the manufacture of cast-steel tyres
consists in making ingots of cast steel and treating them in the following
mannertake an ingot of cast steel direct from the mould in which it is
cast, and while still hot I hammer it in a suitable tool or die so as to form a
flange or rib upon it to prepare the steel for passing through the rolls by

page_text: subjecting the tyre to this hammering process prior to rolling I produce a
tyre of a dense and durable quality of steel; the ingot is then reheated and
rolled into the section of tyre required. When tyres of a less dense quality
of steel will answer for the purpose for which they are required, I dispense
with hammering the ingot prior to rolling. After the tyre is rolled and bent
to a circle in the usual manner I weld the ends together by running a stream
of molten steel between the ends of the tyre and closing them by hydraulic or
other pressure, or the object may be obtained by immersing the part of the
tyre to be welded in liquid steel; or the ends may be welded by any of the
methods already in use, but whichever way the weld is made I subject the
tyre to another rolling process by passing it between rollers at a considerable
pressure, by which means I discover whether the weld is good and also
remove all unevenness at the weld and render the tyre as sound and durable
at the weld as in any other portion of it.
I also make cast-steel tyres in a continuous ring or circle by casting them
in a mould with an elastic core to allow for the contraction of the metal in
cooling. The elastic core I recommend is shewn in the accompanying
Drawing. a, a, are the main plates, and b, b, the tightening plates or wedges,
the angles of these are produced by two equilateral triangles, as shewn by the
red lines, these two triangles produce smaller ones which give the true form
of the moveable or tightening plates; a small motion only is required to move
the bar from the mould. The triangles b, b, being at an angle of 60 degrees
produces an angle of 120° in a, a, so that in moving them " of an inch the
plates b, b, are released ", and so on in proportion. The tightening plates
or wedges are moved inward or outward by means of a plate connected by
rods so that a small degree of twist in the plate will draw all the wedges
inward. I do not, however, confine myself to the description of elastic core
shown, as modifications of it may be made that will answer the purpose equally
well, provided they are made to allow for the sudden contraction of the steel
in cooling. After the tyre is removed from the mould I roll it by passing it
through rolls at a considerable pressure so as to bring it to the section and
diameter required.
And baving now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First, producing railway tyres from cast-steel ingots by hammering them in
a suitable tool or die so as to form a flange or rib upon them prior to their
being rolled.
Secondly, welding the ends of tyre bars together after they are bent into a
circle by running a stream of molten steel between the ends of the tyre, or

page_text: immersing the tyre into molten steel and closing them by hydraulic or other
pressure, and afterwards re-rolling them in the manner described.
Thirdly, making cast-steel tyres in a continuous ring or circle by casting
them in a mould with an elastic core to allow for the contraction of the metal
in cooling, and then re-rolling them in the manner described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Sampson Lloyd, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of January One thousand eight hundred
and sixty.
SAMPSON LLOYD. (L.S.)