Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Halley, of the Firm of Georges Halley,
et Compagnie, of Louvroil, in the Republic of France, for the In-

page_text: which carry the principal working parts of the apparatus. The move-
ments of these carriages are effected by cams keyed on shafts which
receive motion from a principal shaft by means of any convenient
arrangement of gearing. On the same cam shafts are other cams
for the purpose of working the tools connected with their respective
carriages.
In combination with the tools carried by the reciprocating carriages
are other tools worked independently of the carriages, and which serve
to cut off the blank from the red hot bar and assist in shaping the
external part of the nut.
A blank having been cut off and roughly formed by the tools last
mentioned and properly secured in the die, the reciprocating carriages
come forward and bring the tools for completing the operation. Each
carriage is provided with a punch for forming the central hole of the nut
which is formed by the punches advancing simultaneously and meeting
in the middle of the red hot blank. In so doing they squeeze out
laterally the soft red hot metal and thus complete the external face, and
at the same time form the central hole which is cleared out ready for
tapping by a subsequent advance movement of one of these punches.
The nut blank being, thus completed is pushed out of the machine and
may then be tapped in the ordinary manner.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Halley in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 5th August 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE 25
HALLEY, of the Firm of Georges Halley, et Compagnie, of Louvroil
(Nord), France, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the 30
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said George Halley, Her special

page_text: licence, that I, the said George Halley, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said George Halley, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF NUT BLANKS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said George Halley, my executors or admini-
Istrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
3 said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Halley, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto
O annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to
(say) :—
Up to the present time the mechanical manufacture of six-sided screw
nut blanks has been effected by means of machines which entail a
considerable loss of metal in the manufacture. Cole's machines are
those which appear to give the smallest loss in piercing the centre hole;
but even these machines cause a loss of metal in the formation of the
sides of the nut blank.
·
The Invention for which I have obtained Letters Patent, and which
may be applied more particularly to the Cole machines, has for its object
the prevention of any loss of metal, not only from making the central
hole, but also from forming the sides of hexagonal nut blanks.
The improved machinery consists mainly of two sliding carriages
which carry the principal working parts of the apparatus. The move-
ments of these carriages are effected by cams keyed on shafts which
3 receive motion from a principal shaft by means of any convenient

page_text: arrangement of gearing. On the same cam shaft are other cams for
the purpose of working the tools connected with their respective
carriages.
In combination with the tools carried by the reciprocating carriages
are other tools which serve to cut off the blank from the red hot bar
and assist in shaping the external part of the nut.
A blank having been cut off and roughly formed by the proper tools
and properly secured in the die, the reciprocating carriages come forward
and bring the tools for completing the operation. One of the carriages
on each side is provided with a punch for forming the central hole of the
nut which is formed by the punches advancing simultaneously and
meeting in the middle of the red hot blank. In so doing they squeeze
out laterally the soft red hot metal, and thus complete the external face
and at the same time form the central hole which is cleared out ready for
tapping by a subsequent advance movement of one of these punches.
The nut blank being thus completed is pushed out of the machine, and
then be tapped in the ordinary manner.
may
In the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1, Sheet I., is a front elevation
of the machine; Fig. 2, Sheet I., is a plan view of the same; and Fig. 3,
Sheet II., shows the segments which when brought together form the
six-sided nut blank.
Fig. 4, Sheet II., is an elevation of the improved machinery; Fig. 5 is
a plan of the same; and Figures I, I', I', I³, &c., &c., show different
forms of tools employed.
In the different Figures the same letters indicate similar parts.
M, M, is the framework of the machine; N is a separate standard
provided with bearings in which turns the shaft N¹ which is actuated by
the fast and loose pulleys n', n³; N³ is the fly wheel; N³ toothed pinion
communicating motion to the two wheels O and P which are of the same
diameter; O, shaft running in bearings o, o', having keyed on it three
cams 0³, 0³, Oʻ. The cam O' works the carriage o" which slides in the
guides o' and alternately gives it an advancing and retiring movement
according as it bears against the rollers 2 and 1, which are attached to
the carriage which carries the punching tool o³. The cam o³ com-
municates an advancing movement to the sliding piece o' by bearing

page_text: against the roller 3 attached to the carriage which carries the small
round punch o, and the cam O' gives this carriage a retiring movement
by bearing against the roller 4. The sliding piece o' bears against the
large spring Q while the machine is at work and resists the pressure of
the cutting punch on the blank which is forced into the die so as to
forcibly compress the blank in the die and give it the required thickness,
but should there be an excess of metal the spring will allow the carriage
to yield. Screws q, q', are for the purpose of regulating the tension of
the spring according to the thickness of the blank. On the opposite
side of the machine the spur wheel P communicates motion to the
shaft P¹ which is supported in bearings p, p', and which carries the
cams P*, P³, P. The cam P' alternately communicates a backward and
forward movement to the sliding carriage P' according as it is in contact
with the roller 5 or the roller 6, which are attached to this carriage
which carries the small punch p'. The cam P³ communicates a forward
motion to the slide P³ which carries the six-sided cutting punch p² by
bearing against the roller 7 attached to the sliding carriage P* which
slides in the guides P. The cam P' communicates the reverse or a
backward movement to the carriage Ps by bearing against the roller 8
which is attached to it. A double spring P' as it opens pushes forward
the slide P in such a way, that the little punch p* shall leave or pass
out of the cutting punch p² and force out the iron which might have
entered the latter.
The die (shewn on a larger scale, Fig. 3) is placed in a vertical position
in R; it is formed of a circular box with a projecting crown R', in the
centre of which is a rounded hole through which passes the stamping
punch which forms one of the faces of the blank.
Six segments j, j, Fig. 3, form the six sides of the die and are firmly
secured by small bolts in the box R. I is the angular cutting tool;
I, I, are modifications of the same for making hexagonal nuts. Any
other suitable form of tool may also be employed according to the
number of sides of the blank.
Further modifications may be seen at I, I, I, I, 17, 18. These tools are
attached to the vertical tool carrier H which slides in a carriage attached
to the framework of the machine. The tool carrier is connected at h to
the connecting rod G, the opposite end of which is jointed to one end of

page_text: the lever F which is keyed on the shaft E mounted in bearings D. To
the other end of the shaft E is attached a bent lever C which bears
against an antifriction roller B on the face plate A fixed on the shaft O¹.
By the rotation of the face plate A motion is communicated to the.
lever C, and through it to the cutting tool I which descends vertically
against the edge of the cutter J, which remains fixed.
The lever c
follows the roller B either from its own weight or by being drawn
forward by a weight, spring, or other equivalent device until the roller
escapes. A similar movable cutting tool may be placed at the lower
part and will meet the upper one which would be fixed, or if desired
both may be made movable. The cutting parts of the tools will meet
in the middle of the bar of iron, and compress at the same time the iron
that they displace. Should the weight of the lever C prove insufficient
to keep it always in contact with the roller B a counterweight or spring
may be attached to it, but as soon as the lever is free the counterweight
or spring should be relieved from their functions.
If preferred the movable cutting tool may rise from below, meeting
the top tool which should then be fixed, or they may be both mado to
move simultaneously as before mentioned.
A double slide rest similar to those employed in ordinary lathes is
shewn at Fig. 4, Sheet II.; this is for the purpose of adjusting the tool
carrier H´in a lateral direction, so that blanks of any size and shape may
be more readily formed. This improvement also permits of two blanks
being operated upon at the same time, i.e., pressure may be exerted
upon the sides of a blank in front of the die, and punches at the same
time as these latter are acting may be operating upon a blank previously
prepared. The lever F is formed in two halves, as shewn in the Drawing
at f,f, and dovetailed together at F. One of the halves f' has a large
oval hole f³, f³, for the purpose of receiving the bolts f*, f*, by means
of which the parts may be securely and firmly held together. The top
cutting tool need not necessarily be operated from the shaft O, but
motion may be communicated to it from the fly wheel shaft or from
some other shaft of the driving gear or from one of the sides on the right
or left of the machine, or from separate machinery. The form of this
tool carrier and other working parts of the machine may be varied at
pleasure.

page_text: The machine may be made to work horizontally or in an inclined.
direction, and the working parts may be actuated by any suitable.
mechanical device, such as toothed gearing excentrics or any other
suitable means, which may moreover be independent of the machine.
The operation of the machine is as follows:-A strap imparts motion
to the pulley n² and causes the driving shaft N¹ to rotate. This actuates
the pinion N³, and consequently the two bevil wheels O and P, thereby
actuating the cam shafts O' and P¹. The cams being in their proper
positions before commencing the operation the red hot bar of iron L should
be placed before the open portion of the die, and the machine then may be
put in motion. The roller B will then cause the lever C to operate the
tool carrier and the cutting tool I will descend and meet the fixed
cutting tool J, so that the two tools will enter the iron and by com-
pressing it partially form the sides of the blank, and at the same time cut
it off from the bar; then the cutter I will retire. While the cutting
tools are at work in this manner the cam 03 will bear against the after
roller 1 of the sliding carriage o, and cause the punch o³ to take its
proper position at the bottom of the die R in order to receive the piece
of iron that has been cut off to form the nut blank. Immediately that
the cutting tool rises the cam P³ acting on the slide P³ pushes forward
the cutting punch p³ which presses the iron blank against the punch o³.
The round punch p₁ actuated by the slide P³ advances at the same time
and butts against the small round punch of actuated by the slide o' which
remained stationary, and which pierced the hole in the blank while it
was being formed externally. The nut blank being now complete in the
die the cutting punch p³ and round punch p' then retire, and at the
same time the small round punch o* advances for the purpose of clearing
out and smoothing the hole, the punch o³ then advances in its turn as
far as the exterior surface of the die and forces out the nut therefrom.
This completes the operation and the red hot iron bar is again presented
for the purpose of commencing another blank.
Having now described my Invention of "Improved Machinery for
Manufacturing Nut Blanks," and having explained the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I claim as the Invention secured to me by
the above in part recited Letters Patent,-
First. The novel combination of parts for the purpose of manu-
facturing six or eight-sided nut blanks from ordinary bar iron of

page_text: .
commerce at one operation without any loss of metal, either from the
central hole or from the sides of the blank, as herein set forth.
Second. The means by which the central hole of the nut blank and
the sides of the same are formed simultaneously, and by one revolution
of the machine without loss of metal, the nut being finally turned out i
thicker than the bar from which it was originally cut off.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Halley, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Seventh day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-five.