IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LAMPS
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
WILLIAMSON BROOKE, of Bagnigge Wells Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Fifteenth day of April, in the eighth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the, said
James Williamson Brooke, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial licence,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said James Williamson
Brooke, my exors, adñors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James
Williamson Brooke, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LAMPS;" in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said James Williamson
Brooke, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in
Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent,
as in and be the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Williamson Brooke, do hereby declare that the nature of my said In-
vention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon, that is to say:-
The first part of my Invention consists of so forming the apparatus or parts
constituting the burner and cone of an argand spirit lamp, that the blowing
off of the flame takes place at the outside of the wick, and the flame is
produced from the interior and upper edge only of the wick. And,
Secondly, my Invention consists of improvements in what may be and
sometimes are called pressure or self-generating gas lamps, which burn without
wicks. And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into effect I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto
annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS MARKED A.
I have discovered, after a series long continued and laborious experiments,
that to produce the peculiar blown-off flame from the exterior of the wick when
burning turpentine, coal-tar naptha, or other matters usually burned in spirit
lamps, when for obtaining light it is necessary to have the cones (or instru-
ment for conveying air to and deflecting it on to the exterior of the flames)
of a particular height from the top of the outer wick tube, and the opening
through the tops of the cones of a particular diameter, and, unless such
particular proportions be adhered to, the flame or light, consequent on blowing
off of the flame from the exterior of the wick, cannot for practical purposes be
produced.
Figure 1 shews a section of a lamp complete. Figure 2, a section with
the upper part of the outer wick tube removed, and also other parts. Figure
3 is a plan thereof. The other Figures shew detached parts, which however
are marked with same, letters of reference. The diameter of the external
wick tube b is shewn, and the inner wick tube a I prefer should be about
one sixteenth of an inch lower than the outer tube b. c is a cone for
deflecting air upon the wick and flame, the diameter of the orifice at the top
of which is as nearly as possible the diameter of the outer wick tube, and it
should be of such a diameter that the wick will pass freely through, and the
distance or height of such cone from the outer wick tube is accurately shewn
at Figure 1, and the correct forms of all the parts are shewn in the various
details. And it is important to call attention to these circumstances, as on the

page_text: height of the cone from the outer wick tube, and on the diameter of the opening
through the cone, depends the peculiar effect which constitutes the novel
character of lamps made according to my Invention; and although the rela-
tion of the parts to each other may be slightly departed from that shewn, yet
a material departure will be found to destroy all novel 'character of the lamps
produced; and I have found that any departure which would cause the height
of the cone or deflector to be more than five sixteenths of an inch above
the outer wick tube would render the lamp so made a different character of
lamp, and the object of my Invention would not be accomplished; and a like
effect would result from a material enlargement of the opening through the
cone beyond what I have shewn and described. And in order to aid the
lamp maker, and to render experiment unnecessary, as a slight variation
is required for different diameters of wick tubes, I have shewn in the
Drawings correct representations of the parts of the three ordinary sizes of
argand lainps, by the following of which the workman will not fail to pro-
duce the effect desired, that is, a flame from highly rectified turpentine, the
flame being blown off from the exterior of the wick, and burning only from
the interior and upper edge..
Figure 1 shews the largest size generally made; and Figures 4 and 5 shew
two other sizes of less diameter of burner than Figure 1, in other respects
the lamps are similar. And I would remark, that as this part of the Inven-
tion has only to do with the burner and cone, the maker will construct
the other parts of lamps in such manner as his judgment and taste may
direct, at the same time observing that the glass chimneys used by me are
much shorter than is usually employed, and as is shewn. These proportions
may be slightly varied, but not to any extent. The cone c has a rim c' rising
round the orifice or deflecting point, the object of which is to obtain a steady
flame. Air is admitted through holes in the gallery plate or glass holder d,
to allow air to pass up inside the cone, and also to the inside of the glass
chimney. The argand tubes, the wick holder, and its rack and the vase or
spirit vessel, are those of an ordinary spirit lamp.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING B.
Figure 1 shews a section of a spirit lamp, made according to another part
of my Invention; the other Figures shew separate parts marked with the
same letters of reference. The improvement consists in applying an inner
tube e to an argand burner, such tube having a projecting flanch e', at a
distance from its top, when such tube with its flanch is combined with a
cone for suitable deflector of air, as shewn in the Drawing; the tube

page_text: being in fact a substitute for the buttons heretofore used; but I find that
employing a tube with a flanch as shewn produces a beneficial effect.
And another improvement shewn by this lamp consists in applying cork
at g, to make the joint of the vase with the burner tubes fluid-tight, when the
vessel is of glass or earthenware, a great difficulty having been heretofore
experienced in making such joint fluid-tight.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING C.
Figure 1 shews a pressure lamp or self-generating gas lamp, made according
to another part of my Invention. Figure 2 is a section of the burner part;
and Figure 3 is a front view of the burner part of the lamp. g is a flat
hollow chamber or retort made of copper, in which the gas to be consumed is
generated by the heat of the flame, and the supply of naptha is allowed to
flow through a stopcock in the pipe h into it, such pipe h coming from a
-vessel above, so as to produce a pressure or column of the fluid of about
sixteen inches above the point i, which is the pressure I have found to be most
suitable when burning rectified coal-tar naptha, but the height of column
may be varied. is a pipe conducting the gas generated in the retort to a
very small orifice at k, from which it issues previous to its passage up what I
call the protector. This protector consists of a plate or plates 1, P, forming a
passage between what I call the shield and the plate up which the gas
passes.
The object of the plate l is to protect the gas, and prevent drafts of
air blowing it away in varied directions, and the plate is for the purpose of
preventing the flame as it forms from being blown off.
l
Figures 1, 2, and 3 shew the plate as being used, whilst Figures 4, 5,
and 6 shew a similar burner without the plates 1, P. Each of the burners
shewn in this Drawing has a shield m for obtaining a current of air between
the retort and the gas and flame, by which a much better effect is produced
than when a similar burner is made without such shield. Figure 7 shews a
side view in section; Figure 8, a sectional plan through the line x in Figure 7;
and Figure 9 is a plan of a modification of the pressure lamp, in order to
produce an argand flame. The operation of the burner is as follows:- Heat
having been applied by any suitable flame to the retort g, a small quantity of
naptha is allowed to flow through the cock in the pipe h into the burner or
retort; gas is immediately formed, which rising to the top of the retort descends
the pipe or arm j, issues at the small orifice at k, and is blown by its own
force up the chamber formed by the outside of the shield and the inside of
the protector plate l, thereby mixing the gas with the air previous to its being
burnt or consumed. The flame once obtained the cock in the pipe h may be

page_text: turned on full, and the heat from the flame is sufficient to keep up the supply
of gas generated from the naptha.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not claim any of
the mechanical parts separately, nor do I confine myself to the details shewn,
so long us the peculiar character of the Invention bè retained. But what I
claim is,-
First, the mode of combining a cone, or deflecting instruments c, with the
outer wick tube, in such manner that the cone has an opening as herein
described, and, being above the outer wick tube, shall not be at a greater
distance above than five sixteenths of an inch. And I also claim the use of
the rim c attached to the cones. And I also claim the use of a centre tube,
with a projecting flanch below the upper part of the tube, as described in
respect to Drawing B. And I also claim the application of cork at the bottom
of a vase, when such vase is of glass, earthenware, or china, as described in
Drawing B. And lastly, I claim the application of a shield m to a pressure
or self-generating gas lamp, as described in respect to Drawing C.
In witness whereof, I, James Williamson Brooke, have hereunto sot
my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-five
JAMI
ILLIAMSO
(L.B.)
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifteenth day of October, in the
year of our Lord 1845, the aforesaid James Williamson Brooke came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Fifteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-five.