IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCOMOTIVE AND PORTABLE ENGINES
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Ellis Allen, of 5, Parliament Street,
Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Inven-
tion of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCOMOTIVE AND PORTABLE
ENGINES."
Sealed the 16th August 1864, and dated the 20th February 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Ellis Allen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th February 1864.
I, EDWARD ELLIS ALLEN, of 5, Parliament Street, Westminster, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCOMOTIVE AND
PORTABLE ENGINES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
Firstly, my Invention consists in the construction and application of
certain double expansive cylinders for the more effectual employment of
the expansive force of steam in locomotive and portable engines, includ-
ing in the latter class those used for traction purposes and for steam
ploughing.
In the first arrangement I construct a cylinder of double the ordinary
length, or double the length of the stroke, and place in the same a
partition so as to divide the said cylinder into two equal portions. In
cach half of the cylinder I place an ordinary piston, uniting the two
pistons by a trunk which works through the above-named partition.
Steam is admitted to the annular space round the trunk alternately on

page_text: each side of the partition and passes thence into the ends of the cylinder,
respectively acting upon the whole area of the pistons. By this arrange-
ment the steam may be expanded in the ratio of the annular space to
the whole cylinder, besides being cut off at any convenient portion of
the strokes (by lap on the valve or by link motion) in the annular space
itself. When great economy of space is required a piston may be made
to fit the inside of the trunk, which is hollow, such piston being fixed in
its place by a rod or rods attached to the cover or covers of the cylinder.
One or more piston rods or a trunk may be used in this arrangement
for giving motion to the connecting rod in the ordinary way. In the
case of using the trunk as a steam cylinder the trunk is cast double or
of two thicknesses, spaces being left for the passage of the steam to
the fixed piston, one half the openings leading from or through one main
piston to the opposite side or inside of the other main piston, and one
half from or through the second main piston to the inside of the first-
named main piston.
In another modification of the above arrangement I employ a com-
pound cylinder, or one having two diameters, the small end being worked
or supplied with steam direct from the boiler, whilst the larger end is
supplied alone from the smaller one, not being itself in immediate
communication with the said boiler. Each end of the said compound
cylinder is complete in itself, and is fitted with an ordinary piston, both
pistons being united by means of one or more piston rods, or cylindrical,
or oval, or flat-sided trunk, and so made to work simultaneously and give
motion to the crank shaft by a single connecting rod. The valves are
arranged so that steam from the boiler is alternately admitted to each
end of the small end of the cylinder from which it exhausts to the
opposite ends respectively of the large end of the cylinder, and thence
passes to the condenser or at once into the atmosphere. Instead of a
single piston rod two or four piston rods can be employed, the crank
shaft being placed near the cylinders and the motion given to it by
means of a return" connecting rod. The two ends of the compound
cylinder may be cast separately and bolted together, and the partition
dividing the larger from the smaller end may be cast in one piece with
the cylinder, or with either of the ends of the same if separate, or be
a distinct piece bolted into its place, having the stuffing box or boxes
formed in it for the passage of the piston rod or rods, or trunk, as the
case may be. The slide valves may be made to work separately on the
face of each end of the compound cylinder, or both faces may be made
on one plane by forming passages on the small end of the cylinder and 4
a single valve employed. When a trunk is employed as above described
instead of a piston rod or rods such trunk may be attached to the large

page_text: piston only, the two pistons being united by a rod, or the trunk may
be carried through the partition and attached to the small piston also,
or the trunk uniting the two pistons may be smaller in diameter than
that attached to the large piston, so as just to allow of the vibration
of the connecting rod.
A third modification may be made by using a single ordinary cylinder
with a single piston to which is attached a trunk on one side, the steam
being admitted in the annular space round the same and thence passing
to the back of the piston. This arrangement acts exactly as one half
of the first plan named, but in order to render it well suited for expansive
working I prefer to let the trunk work in a casing, as more particularly
described as the fourth part of my Invention.
My Invention consists, secondly, in improvements in the valves of
the above class of double expansive engines, or high and low pressure
engines. I make the two ends of the cylinder communicate with each
other through valves formed in the piston itself, by which an equilibrium
of steam pressure is much more rapidly attained than by the ordinary
ports. The valves are opened and closed by the motion of the piston
itself bringing studs or projections in contact with the covers of the
cylinders, such covers being properly fitted with cushions or elastic
striking pieces for the said purpose. These valves may be formed in the
annular part of the pistons surrounding the trunks, and may be in the
form of a ring having gratings or openings in it for the passage of the
steam, and which are opened and closed by the rotation of the said
ring through a small arc, or the valves may be circular or other shaped
discs guided by spindles or other convenient means and made to lift
as "clack" valves. These valves may be fitted within the space occupied
by the trunk itself when the annular space is small, passages being
formed in or through the trunk for the passage of the steam.
In the modification first described, or the "double" trunk engines, I
sometimes employ a rotating or oscillating valve or steam cock having
the steam and exhaust passages formed in it at opposite sides, so that
the pressures upon it may be balanced. This valve is made slightly
conical and works like an ordinary cock valve, its specialty being that
it is a perfect. "balance" valve.
The third part of my Invention consists in forming upon the boilers
of portable engines a steam casing by means of two vertical plates to
which the ends of the cylinder are respectively attached, such plates
being united and the space between them enclosed by a bent or arched
plate enclosing the cylinder and valves and forming round them a steam
jacket, such enclosed space communicating with the boiler by means
of holes in the shell of the same and through which the steam passes.

page_text: This cylinder casing may be conveniently placed a little behind the
funnel in the case of traction engines, the crank shaft being at the firing
end of boiler. In some cases I prefer to surround the steam cylinder
and valves with a casing open to the air, but sufficiently closed so as to
be retained at any given temperature by means of inlet and outlet taps
or other openings, this arrangement being suited for engines having their
cylinders within the smoke box, where they are now too highly heated,
and so rapidly destroyed.
By my proposed arrangement the hot air of the smoke box would not
be in immediate contact with the cylinder, but with the outer casing,
the air chamber between this and the cylinder being kept at a moderate
temperature by the passage of cold air.
The fourth part of my Invention consists in adding to the single
trunk double expansive engine another trunk or casing into or through
which the trunk attached to the piston works. This is designed to
prevent the condensation found to take place in this class of engine
which has led to their disuse. The proposed casing or outer trunk may
be formed in one piece with the cover of the cylinder, or be bolted
thereto, and the trunk attached to the piston may work through an
ordinary stuffing box in the cover of the cylinder, or the said trunk may
carry a packing or set of rings which may work in the outer trunk, or,
finally, the outer trunk may have the said rings fitted on its end nearest
to the cylinder and so form a packing for the inner trunk. These outer
trunks or trunk casings" are applicable to all trunk engines, which are
well known to be objectionable for expansive working as at present
constructed.
.
"
The fifth part of my Invention consists in fitting locomotive portable
and traction engines with atmospheric condensers formed of very small
metallic tubes fitted into tube plates which may be formed of hard or
compressed wood or of metal. The steam passing amongst such tube
will be more or less condensed by the rapid passage of cold air through
them. These tubes I place in direct communication with the closed
ash-pit or pan of the engine, so that the whole of the air required for
combustion must pass through the condenser. Instead of this arrange-
ment the air may pass outside the tubes and the steam within them,
but I prefer the former plan, as it enables me to place diaphragms in the
condenser so as to cause the steam to be retained in it for some time
by reason of the circuit it is made to take. The condensed water is led
into a small reservoir from which the pump or an injection conveys it to
the boiler.
The sixth part of my Invention consists in a new mode of constructing
the chain used for traction engines and other purposes, and consists in

page_text: greatly increasing the wearing surface by means of large hollow rivets
used for uniting the links together. The links may be of the usual form,
i.e., plates of metal with the rivet holes at their ends, or, as I prefer
them, sections of a "flattened tube" forming links, the hollow or junction
tubes being of a diameter equal to the short internal diameter of the
links. These hollow rivets may be retained in place in several suitable
ways, as by forming a collar at each end or by rivetting the ends over
washer plates, or by small studs or screw bolts and nuts passing through
them attached to washer plates at either end, the said washer plates
being kept in a central position by being turned with two diameters, the
small one fitting the inside of the hollow rivets. The junction tubes and
the flattened tube out of which the links are formed, I prefer to be of
homogeneous metal or steel.
The seventh part of my Invention consists in attaching to portable
traction and ploughing engines charcoal fitters formed of charcoal blocks
arranged in a suitable casing and attached to any convenient part of
the boiler, the charcoal blocks have holes through them within which
are perforated tubes which are led into a main pipe and attached to
the
pump or injector. By fixing a small steam pipe to the said main,
steam may be allowed to pass through the charcoal blooks for the
purpose of cleaning them. By this arrangement the great destruction
of the boilers of engines used in some districts may be almost entirely
prevented and at very small cost.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said Edward Ellis Allen, in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 20th August 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM
THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
ELLIS ALLEN, of 5, Parliament Street, Westminster, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-
eigth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Edward Ellis Allen, Her special licence
that I, the said Edward Ellis Allen, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward Ellis Allen, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and

page_text: vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF LOCOMOTIVE AND PORTABLE ENGINES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Edward Ellis Allen, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Ellis Alleu, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
My Invention consists in the construction and application of certain
double expansive cylinders for the more effectual employment of the ex-
pansive force of steam in locomotive and portable engines (including in
the latter class those used for traction purposes as well as self-moving
engines employed for steam ploughing or otherwise), as also in the con-
struction and application of apparatus connected therewith mainly de-
signed with a view of economizing both the fuel and water required in
engines of the ordinary construction, but also to reduce the wear and tear
of the machinery, and thus increase its safety when steam of ay con-
siderable pressure is used.
In the first arrangement I construct a cylinder of double the ordinary
length, or double the length of the stroke, and place on the same a
partition so as to divide the said cylinder into two equal portions. In
each half of the cylinder I place an ordinary piston, uniting the two
pistons by a trunk which works through the above-named partition.
Steam is admitted to the annular space round the trunk alternately on
each side of the partition and passes thence into the ends of the cylinder
respectively acting upon the whole area of the pistons. By this arrange-
ment the steam may be expanded in the ratio of the annular space to
the whole cylinder, besides being cut off at any convenient portion of the
stroke (by lap on the valve or by link motion) in the annular space itself.
Fig. 1 shews the application of the arrangement above described to
an ordinary portable engine; and Fig. 2 shews the cylinder in detail
with the valves used for the proper distribution of the steam. The
steam passes through the valve in the direction of the arrows into the
annular space (a) whilst the steam in (b) passes through the port (c) into
the exhaust (d). At the same time the steam which is in the annular
space (e) passes through the valve (f) (dotted) into the port (9), and so

page_text: to the end of the cylinder (h), whence it is discharged at the next stroke.
The high ports being only half the length of those shewn at (c) or (g) are
in the same vertical line, and as the passages (i) and (f) (dotted) are of
the same length as the high-pressure ports, steam ways are formed on
the upper and lower sides of the valve for supplying the opposite annular
spaces. This brings the valve into the most compact form and nearly
square in shape, and admits of a single ring being used (j) in order to
relieve the valve of steam pressure, the joint being made by an india-
rubber ring (E). A lip or flange on the packing ring allows sufficient
steam pressure to act upon it so as to keep it to its facing formed on
the slide box. The trunk (2) is made hollow, one or both pistons being
separate and united by the piston rod which passes through the said
trunk. Metallic rings are placed in a groove in the partition ring, which
may be secured to the cylinder by set screws or otherwise. I prefer to
fit these cylinders with steam jackets, as well as to jacket the cylinder
covers when it can be conveniently done, as it prevents condensation
in the cylinders as well as assists in evaporating any water which passes
into the cylinder, and which otherwise is discharged through the ports,
and thus lost. When great economy of space is required a piston may
be made to fit the inside of the trunk, which is hollow, such piston being
fixed in its place by a rod or rods attached to the cover or covers of the
cylinder.
Fig. 3 shews this arrangement. The trunk is cast double or of two
thicknesses (a), (b), spaces or passages being left for the flow of the
steam to the fixed piston, one half the openings leading from or through
one main piston to the opposite side or inside of the other main piston,
and one half from or through the second main piston to the inside of the
first main piston. This will be seen from the direction of the arrows in
Fig. 3, and also on larger scale Fig. 4, which shews an end view of one
of the main pistons. The ports are arranged in opposite quadrants, so
as to allow of the discharge of water at the lowest point from each end
of the trunk. Instead of an ordinary piston rod and connecting rod,
two or more piston rods may be employed, or a trunk for giving motion
to the crank shaft.
Figs. 5, 6, and 7 shew a trunk arrangement, (g) being the main trunk
(which is of course circular in section); (h) and (i), the pistons; (5), an
oval trunk for the vibration of the connecting rod, and secured by bolts
at (1) and (m) to the piston (h) and (k), an opposite trunk (also oval in
section) passing through the opposite cover of the cylinder. As, how-
ever, the main trunk has three supports, viz., the two pistons and the
division ring in the cylinder, the trunk (k) is not necessary except it be
desired to oil the joint of connecting rod from the back end of cylinder,

page_text: A modification of the above arrangement of double expansive cylinder
is made by forming the cylinder of two diameters, the small end being
worked by or supplied with steam direct from the boiler, whilst the
larger end is supplied alone from the smaller one, not being itself in
immediate communication with the boiler. Each end of the said com-
pound cylinder is complete in itself, and is fitted with an ordinary
piston, both pistons being united by means of one or more piston rods,
or cylindrical, or oval, or flat-sided trunks, and so made to work simul-
taneously, and give motion to the crank shaft by a single connecting
rod. The valves are so arranged that steam from the boiler is alternately
admitted to each end of the small end of the cylinder, from which it
exhausts to the opposite ends respectively of the large end of the
cylinder, and thence passes to a condenser, or at once into the atmos-
phere. Fig. 8 shews this arrangement, the pistons being united by a
rod inclosed in a tube, which serves to gauge the distance between the
two pistons. The valve is packed, as already described, to relieve it
from the steam pressure, the ports being all brought into one plane, so
as to make a single valve suffice. The packing ring in this case would
be rectangular, or can be made in two small circles. These cylinders
should be steam jacketted, more particularly the larger one. Instead
of a single piston rod, two or four piston rods can be employed, the
crank shaft being placed near the cylinder and motion given to it by
means of a return" connecting rod. The two ends of the compound
cylinder may be cast separately and bolted together, and the partition
dividing the larger from the smaller end may be cast in one piece with
the cylinder, or with either of the ends, or be a distinct piece bolted into
its place, having the stuffing box or boxes formed in it for the passage
of the piston rod, or rods, or trunk, as the case may be. The slide
valves may be made to work separately on the face of each end of the
cylinder for the purpose of shortening the high-pressure steam ports. In
this case the exhaust of the small end of the cylinder supplies the valve
casing of the larger end of the same, but the arrangement shewn is the
most compact. Figs. 9 and 10 shew the arrangement when trunks are
employed for the connecting rod to vibrate in. Fig. 9 shews the pistons
united by a rod, as in Fig. 8, but a trunk attached to the larger piston,
and to which the connecting rod is fixed. This trunk may be round or
oval, the latter shape being the best, as it occupies less space in the
cylinder. Fig. 10 shews the two pistons connected by a small circular
or oval trunk, which allows of the connecting rod being jointed between
the two pistons, instead of forward of the large one, as in Fig. 9. The
small trunk in Fig. 10 is made just large enough for the end of con-
necting rod to work, the trunk on large piston being increased in size

page_text: according to length of connecting rod. By this arrangement a better
bearing is given for the connecting rod end, as also a longer connecting
rod, and it reduces the size of large trunk. Of course in this arrange-
ment a trunk may be used (to connect the two pistons) of the same size
as the trunk on large piston, and a third trunk may be added and carried
through the back cover of cylinder, as shewn in Fig. 5.
A third modification of double expansive cylinder may be made by
using a single ordinary cylinder, with single piston, to which is attached
a trunk on one side only, the steam being admitted to the annular space
round the same, passing thence to the back of the piston. This arrange-
ments acts exactly as one-half of the first-described plan, but in order to
render it well suited for expansive working I prefer to let the trunk
work in a casing, as more particularly described hereafter. Figs. 11 and
12 shew this arrangement.
My Invention consists, secondly, in the construction of the valves of
double-expansive trunk engines, such as shewn at Figs. 2 and 11. I
make the annular space and the end of cylinder communicate with each
other through valves formed in the piston itself, by which an equilibrium
of steam is more rapidly attained than by the ordinary ports. The valves
may be opened and closed by the motion of the piston itself bringing
studs or projections in contact with the covers of the cylinder, as also
with the division ring, such covers or ring being fitted with cushions or
striking pieces. These valves may be formed in the annular part of the
pistons round the trunk, and may be in the form of a ring, having grat-
ings or openings in it for the passage of the steam, and which are opened
and closed by the rotation of the said ring through a small arc; or the
valves may be circular or other shaped discs guided by spindles or other
convenient means, and made to lift as clack valves. The valves may be
fitted within the space occupied by the trunk itself when the annular
space is small, passages being formed in or through the trunk for the
passage of the steam.
Figs. 13, 14, and 15 shew the ring arrangement above described, the
ring (a) being made to rotate through a small distance by the striking
pieces (b), (c), coming in contact with the cylinder cover shewn in Fig. 15.
Another striking piece is shewn in Fig. 13 at (d), for turning the ring (a)
the reverse way, and this would be moved by striking the other cylinder
cover or the division ring.
Another arrangement is shewn in Figs. 16 and 17, where the piston
rings are placed in grooves wider than usual, the inner edges of pistons
being a little less than the outer ones, which latter are supposed nearly
to fit the cylinder. The alternate motion of the trunk drives the piston
rings against the opposite edges of the pistons, a joint being made at (6)

page_text: when the steam is acting in the direction of the arrow (c), the passages
of the other piston being open, as shewn by the arrow (d); during the
reverse stroke the piston rings would be held back by their friction
against the cylinder, and steam would pass at (6), the passages at (d)
being then closed. In the engines shewn at Fig. 2 I sometimes employ
a otating or oscillating valve or cock, having the steam and exhaust
passages formed in it at opposite sides, so that the pressure upon it
may
be balanced. This valve, shewn in Fig. 18, is made slightly conical, and
works like an ordinary cock valve, its specialty being that it is perfectly
balanced. Fig. 19 shews an ordinary valve used as an auxilliary valve
in the double expansive engines when these are required to commence
their motion with considerable power, as in the case of large traction
engines. Such auxilliary valve may be worked by hand or otherwise,
being only required at starting and when the motion is very slow. On
these accounts also it may be made very small, as well as the ports in
communication with it. Fig. 20 shews the valve, which may bc em-
ployed when equilibrium valves are used, such as described with refer-
ence to Figs. 13 to 16.
The third part of my Invention consists in forming upon the boilers
of portable engines a steam casing by means of two vertical plates to
which the ends of the cylinder are respectively attached, such plates
being united and the space between them enclosed by a bent or arched
plate enclosing the cylinder and valve casing, and forming round them
a steam jacket, such enclosed space communicating with the boiler by
means of holes in the shell of the boiler, and through which the steam
would pass to the stop valve and safety valve. This cylinder casing
may be placed behind the funnel in the case of traction engines, the
crank shaft being at the firing end of boiler. Fig. 21 shews this arrange-
ment, the casing (a) being best circular for single cylinder engines, but
otherwise shaped for double cylinder engines. The lagging is carried
down to boiler, as shewn, by dotted line (b); the casing may be of cast
or plate iron. In some cases I surround the steam cylinder and valves
with a casing open to the air, but sufficiently closed so that the air may
be kept at any temperature required by means of taps or otherwise.
This arrangement is specially adapted for engines having the cylinder at
the smoke box end or within the same, where without some special
arrangement it would become too highly heated, and so rapidly destroy
both cylinder and valves. By the proposed plan the hot air in the
smoke box would not be in immediate contact with the cylinder, but
with the outer casing only, the air between this and the cylinder being
kept at a moderate temperature by the passage of cold air through it
to the extent required. Fig. 22 shews this arrangement; the cocks (a)

page_text: and (b) regulate the temperature, or the casing may be nearly open at
(c), (c). A plate (d) may be fitted to protect the casing of cylinder; this
plate would be readily renewable. For this arrangement I prefer short
stroked engines, and especially when they are to be worked at a high
speed.
The fourth part of my Invention consists in adding to the single trunk
engine another trunk or trunk casing into or through which the trunk
attached to the piston works. This is designed to prevent condensation
found to take place in this class of engine. The trunk casing may be
formed in one piece with the cover of cylinder or gland, or be bolted
thereto, and the piston trunk may work through an ordinary stuffing
box in cover of cylinder, or the trunk may carry a packing ring or set
of rings which may work in trunk casing, or the trunk casing may have
the rings fitted in its end nearest the cylinder, and so form a packing for
the inner trunk. These trunk casings are applicable to all trunk
engines. Fig. 11 shews one of the plans here described, the end (a)
may be nearly closed, having slot (6) for connecting rod, and the outside
of the casing may be lagged.
The fifth part of my Invention consists in fitting locomotive and port-
able engines with atmospheric condensers formed of very small tubes,
by preference of copper or brass, fitted into tube plates of hard wood or
metal (if of wood it must be well compressed). The steam passing
amongst such tubes will be more or less condensed by the rapid passage
of air through them. These tubes I place in direct communication with
the ash-pan of the engine, which must be closed except to the passage of
air from the condenser, so that the whole of the air required for com-
bustion must pass through the condensing tubes. Instead of this
arrangement the air may pass outside the tubes and the steam within
them, but I prefer the former plan, as it admits of diaphragms being
placed in the condenser so as to cause the steam to be retained in it
for some time by reason of the circuit it is made to take. The con-
densed water is led into a small reservoir, from which the pump or an
injector conveys it to the boiler, or the tubes need not quite fill the tank
in which they are placed, and space for water allowed below them. Fig.
23' shews this arrangement on an ordinary portable engine. In traction
engines it would be convenient sometimes to place the tank behind the
fire. The direction of the air is shewn by the arrows. An additional
door or regulator may be fitted at (a) if required.
The sixth part of my Invention consists in a new mode of constructing
the chains used for traction engines and other purposes, and admits
of the wearing surfaces being largely increased by the use of hollow
rivets for uniting the links together. The links may be of the usual

page_text: спорт
form or sections of a flattened tube, as shewn in Figs. 24, 25, 26, and 27.
In Fig. 24 (a) is the hollow rivet ; (b), (b), washer plates, through which
the rivet (c) passes, the lap of the washers preventing the side links
(d), (d), from separating. Fig. 25 shews the hollow rivet or junction
pin rivetted at the ends; and Fig. 27 shews link of ordinary form (f)
with large eye at end. The washers are recessed into the hollow rivets,
so as to keep them central. A bolt with head and nut may be used
instead of rivet (c), and the rivet (e), Fig. 25, may have washers at the
ends so as to work against the side links instead of turning with them.
The hollow rivet (e) could also be made with collar at one end, and have
a thread cut at other so as to carry a ring nut, washers being put under
both collar and ring nut, by which arrangement the hollow rivet or
junction pin could be turned as it were. The ring nut would require
keeping in position by pin or otherwise. The hollow rivets, as well as
links, I prefer of steel or case-hardened malleable iron.
The seventh part of my Invention consists in attaching to portable
engines, as well as traction engines & ploughing engines, charcoal filters,
or filters of other suitable materials. The charcoal filters are formed of
cylindrical or other shaped blocks fixed upon perforated tubes, which
tubes unite in a main pipe connected with the pump or injector. The
blocks are arranged as most convenient, and placed in case under the
boiler or elsewhere, and fitted with cover easily removable. By attach-
ing a small steam pipe to main water pipe, a jet of steam may be made
to clear the charcoal blocks at any time without the trouble of removing
them. Figs. 28 and 29 shew this arrangement.
The block (a) are
arranged in hexagonal shape; (b), (b), shew nozzles for suction pipes;
(c), steam pipe for clearing blocks; (d), suction pipe to pump; and (e),
cock for discharging mud from filter casing. By this arrangement the
rapid destruction of portable engine boilers by reason of their being
supplied with bad water may be probably altogether avoided.
In the accompanying illustrations the several arrangements referred
to have been shewn applied to portable engines more especially, but it
will be evident that most of them are readily made to suit locomotive
engines. The double expansive cylinder described in Fig. 2 may be
made in two parts, as shewn in Fig. 30, the division ring being let into
ends of cylinders, or made as large as cylinder flanges, and bolted in
between them. This would perhaps be the best way for locomotive
cylinders, & especially if applied to existing engines. The cylinders
should be steam jacketted or fitted with hot air casing, the buffer plank
being moved forward or dispensed with, and the buffers carried at ends
of side frames. Fig. 30 shews cylinder cast with steam dome, the steam
ports being separated so as to allow of rod passing from stop valve

page_text: through the opening (a). The valves are made separate, but worked by
one rod.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Ellis Allen, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.