Improvements in Stone Crushers.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Dec., 1894-Accepted, 29th June, 1895
[Communicated from abroad by PHILETUS WARREN GATES, Manufacturer,
RYERSON DUDLEY GATES and CHARLES LEWIS CARMAN, Engineers, all
of 50, South Clinton Street, Chicago, Cook County, Illinois, United States of
America.]
Improvements in Stone Crushers.
I, HENRY HARRIS Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent
Agents, 45 Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what mauner the same is to he
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to that class of rock or ore breakers which are provided
with two crushing plates or jaws, the adjacent faces of which are suitably inclined
to each other, and one at least of which is adapted to reciprocate, to crush such
material as may be interposed between the crushing surfaces.
The object of my invention is to provide a simple, economical and efficient stone
crusher; and the invention consists in the features and details of construction
hereinafter described and claimed.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 is a plan view of my improved machine, looking at it from the top;
Fig. 2 a sectional elevation of my improvement, taken on the central longitudinal
line 2 of Fig. 1 looking in the direction of the arrow; and
Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6 diagrammatic views of different positions occupied by the
reciprocating jaw when either the real or imaginary pivot of such jaw is
changed.
In the class of ore or rock crushers above referred to, there are two well-known
divisions, viz., one the Dodge type-in which the greatest movement of the
reciprocating jaw or jaws is at the top-and the other the Blake type-in which
the greatest movement of the reciprocating jaw or jaws is at the lower end. Those
which come under the first class are limited to a comparatively small capacity, but
will crush finer and more evenly than crushers of the second class or type. The
crushers which come under the second, or Blake class, have a comparatively
greater capacity, but the product is coarser than that of the first class. To provide
a machine which will have to a large extent, the advantages of both these classes,
and yet be free from other defects or disadvantages is the principal object of my
invention.
In constructing my improved crusher, I make a frame, A, of the desired form
and size, and provide it at its rear end-near the bottom-with two bearings, A',
in which is mounted a crank shaft, B. Extending upwards, and inclined rear-
wardly, is placed a stationary crushing jaw, C, which is preferably cast integral
with the main frame of the machine, though the same may be made separable and
bolted to the frame. The stationary crushing jaw is provided at its front surface
with a crushing plate, C¹, made preferably of chilled cast iron or steel, and which
forms a crushing face or surface, thereby offering the greatest possible resistance
to wear against the action of the material being crushed. This crushing plate is
provided with projecting side or lateral ends, c, adapted to be engaged by a
clamp, C, which is bolted or otherwise secured to the main frame of the machine
Porcel

page_text: by the bolts, c³, in such manner that the crushing plate may be inverted or
changed end for end, in order to compensate for the wear at either end of the
plate.
I prefer, for the sake of convenience in construction, to provide the rear face of
the stationary crushing plate with a set of semi-circular toggle bearing grooves, D,
extending horizontally across its rear surface, and which are formed of steel or
chilled insets for the purpose of more readily repairing the same when worn out.
The pitch line on which the center of these semi-circular grooves is formed is of a
circle whose radius is equal to the distance from center to center of the semi-
circular ends, d', d², of the plate, D', as is clearly shown in Fig. 2 of the
drawings. These grooves form seats, or as I prefer to designate them bearings
for the reception of the semi-circular end of the said toggle plate.
The reciprocating crushing plate, E, is placed at the front end of the machine,
and partially between its sides. To actuate it, two tension bars, F F, are
provided, extending through bearings or grooves formed near the upper and lower
ends of the reciprocating crushing jaw, on the opposite side to its crushing
surfaces.
I provide a cross head, G, in the rear of the machine, the front side of which is
provided with a toggle seat, G₁, for the reception of one of the semi-cylindrical
'ends of the toggle plate, and I mount upon the opposite side of the cross head what
I term a yielding member, H, which has preferably several springs, H, provided
with means for giving them any desired tension. The means I prefer-and which
is illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2-is as follows: I arrange several of these springs, H',
on the rear face of the cross head, and retain them therein by means of a cross bar
or housing, H, which also forms a portion of the yielding member, incloses these
springs on the sides, and is pressed against their outer ends by means of the
bolts, K. These bolts pass through suitable openings in the cross head,
springs, H', and housing, and have their inner ends provided with heads, k, and
their outer ends with nuts, k¹, the adjustment of which may be used to obtain the
desired initial compression of the springs.
The lower tension bars, F', are passed through lugs, H³, near the extremities of
the cross head- -see Fig. 1-through the housing or tension member, H, and also
through one set of the springs, H₁, and are also provided with nuts, I, at their
.outer ends, to admit of the proper adjustment of their length. The upper tension
bars, F, are passed through the reciprocating crushing plate, as before described,
directly back of and contacting the cross head in a suitable groove-see Fig. 2-so
that the movements of this cross bead impart directly a reciprocating motion to the
reciprocating crushing jaw, while the tension bars, F, deliver their stress to the
housing or tension member, H, which is thereby distributed to all the springs for
purposes hereinafter fully set forth.
To support and pivot the reciprocating crushing plate, I provide the main frame
of the machine with two upwardly extending arms, L, which are provided with
bearing portions,!. The reciprocating jaw has an upward extension, L', which is
also provided with a hole, through which and the bearing of the frame may be
passed a pivot,, so that the reciprocating jaw may be vibrated or reciprocated
upon it when desired. The lower portion of the frame is also provided with two
projecting portions, L, and the reciprocating jaw with a portion, , adapted to be
placed between it- both portions being provided with holes, P, through which may
be passed the pivot, l', when it is desired to change the motion of the reciprocating
jan that is, to give the greatest motion at the top, instead of at the bottom.
In Figs. 2, 3 and 4 of the drawings, the reciprocating crushing plate is shown as
pivoted at the top, and the toggle plate inserted in the upper bearing groove of the
frame of the machine, so that the greatest motion of the reciprocating jaw is at the
bottom, thus converting it into the second class of crushers, viz., the Blake crusher.
In order to change the operation of this machine, the pivot is withdrawn from the
upper bearing of the reciprocating jaw, at l, and placed in the lower pivot hole, 1³,
thus vibrating the crushing jaw upon that point and giving the greatest motion at

page_text: the top of the machine, and converting it into what is known as the first or Dodge
type. At the same time, the bearing of the toggle plate should be moved from the
upper toggle bearing groove to the lower toggle bearing groove at the rear of the
frame, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6,
To hold the reciprocating crushing jaw with its tension bars against the action of
the tension member, II, and in contact therewith, a bracket, L, is provided, which
is bolted to the main frame of the machine by means of the bolts, . A bolt
hook, L, is passed through an eye, 1, in the reciprocating jaw, and its outer end
provided with a flanged end, L, interposed between which and the bracket is a
rubber cushion or heavy spring, 16, which serves to pull the vibrating jaw back
against the forward action of the tension bars and ensures its being opened at every
reverse movement of the cross head.
To actuate the cross head, and by it the reciprocating crushing jaw, we provide
the cross head with two downwardly projecting lugs, G³, through which is passed a
journal pin, G-see Fig. 2-to form a connection between the cross head and the
pitman, P, which is mounted upon and connected with the crank shaft, B, and
actuated thereby. When the crank shaft, B, is rotated, the cross head is
reciprocated by means of the pitman above described, through an arc of a circle
whose center is coincident with a notch or groove in the back of the stationary
crushing jaw, which at the time may form the bearing for one end of the toggle
plate. In Fig. 2, the center would be the center of the semi-cylindrical
bearing, D, at the upper end and in the rear of the stationary crushing jaw.
When the end of the toggle plate is seated in the lower semi-cylindrical bearing
of the stationary crushing plate, it is in proper position to do fine crushing; but, as
is frequently the case with large crushers having the least movement at the bottom
of the reciprocating plate, it is liable to become clogged between the surfaces of
the two crushing plates, and thus prevent a free exit of the crushel material. By
providing a yielding member formed as above described, and so arrange that it is
adapted to receive the entire stress of the lower tension bar and be compressed to
any desired degree, until the resistance of the material between the crushing plate
equals the initial compression, I can crush or pulverize material up to that initial
degree. When the crushing resistance becomes greater than the initial compression
of the yielding member, the lower end of the reciprocating, crushing jaw will not
partake of the forward crushing motion, but the cross head will be pushed to the
full limit of its forward throw, by the action of the toggle, pitman and crank, and
the yielding member compressed to a still greater degree at each stroke, thus
preventing any breaking of the machine by furnishing a yielding release for the
over stress, which might be caused by the excessive compression of the finely
divided material or slugs which are liable to become interposed between such
crushing surfaces.
The greatest wear on both of the crushing plates is invariably at their lower
ends, where they are in closest proximity to each other. The adjustment for the
wear, therefore if any-should be taken up principally at these points. This
may be done by screwing the nuts, F4, on the upper end of the lower tension bars
and obtain a variation of the opening between the lower ends of the crushing jaws,
which will also change the size of the crushed material.
In diagrammatic views, Figs. 3 to 6, inclusive, I have shown the toggle plate, D',
in both its positions, which I will more fully describe. The line, SS, in each of
the figures shows the normal position of the face of the reciprocating, crushing jaw
when the parts are in their initial position, as in Fig. 3, and by comparing it with
the line of the front of the reciprocating jaws in the other figures, the difference in
the two extremes of the crushing motion produced by the change of the toggle
from one of the seats to the other may be readily perceived. The lines, T and T',
represent the center lines of the tension members.
In Fig. 3, the parts are shown in the position they will assume at the finish of
the crushing movement, with the toggle end in the upper toggle bearing groove at
the rear of the stationary plate; and Fig. 4 shows the opposite position, or that

page_text: position which the parts will assume at the other extreme of the stroke, so as to
produce the greatest movement of the reciprocating jaw at its lowest end.
Fig. 5 shows the parts in the position they will assume at the end of the
crushing movement when the toggle end is located in the lower bearing groove, so
as to give the least movement to the jaw at its lowest end, while Fig. 6 shows the
parts in the position they will assume at the other extremity of the movement.
If desired, several of these toggle bearing grooves might be furnished to the
rear of the stationary crushing jaw and differential variations of the throw be
thereby attained; and even the positive pivoting of the reciprocating jaw might
be dispensed with, and the jaw supported entirely by the tension members or hars
in combination with supporting springs or links inserted-
-as shown by dotted lines
in Fig. 2-between the bracket, L, and the clamps, Q, which hold the tension
bars in place.
While I have described my invention minutely, and as being embodied in more
or less precise forms and arrangements, I do not desire to be limited thereto
unduly, any more than is pointed out in the claims. On the contrary, I contem-
plate all proper changes in form, construction and arrangement, the omission of
parts and substitution of equivalents, as circumstances may suggest or necessity
render expedient.
Where use is made in the Specification and claims of the term a reciprocating
jaw arranged to have an equal or variable motion at each end thereof " I mean: a
reciprocating jaw that is so constructed and arranged that the upper and lower
ends may move forward and backward at a uniform speed or motion so that the
top and bottom or as I term it, "each end thereof," will have the same amount of
throw, or in other words, an equal throw. At the same time the reciprocating jaw
may be adapted to have a variable motion at each end thereof, that is the upper
end may have a greater throw than the lower end or vice versa; or the jaw may
have a differentiation of throw at each end from one extreme to the other, that is:
in one class of crusher the greatest amount of throw may be at the top and the least
at the bottom. In another class of crusher the greatest amount of throw may be
at the bottom and the least at the top, and a reciprocating jaw which is constructed
as described can have any amount of throw between these two extremes, the
greatest at the top, or the greatest at the bottom, or which will give it a variable
throw, that is each end-the top or bottom-may move forward and backward at
different rates of speed so that the throw of each end varies.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondents, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In rock and ore crushers, the combination of a reciprocating jaw adapted to
be pivoted at either end, means for vibrating such jaw, and a stationary ju
arranged opposite to the reciprocating jaw so that material may be crushed
between the jaws during the vibration of the reciprocating jaws, substantially as
described.
2. In rock and are crushers, the combination of a reciprocating jaw adapted to
be pivoted at either end, a frame upon which it is pivoted, means for actuating
suel jaw so constructed and arranged that the machine may be converted from a
fine into a coarse crusher as desired, and a second jaw opposite the reciprocating
jaw so arranged that the material is crushed between its jaws during the vibration
of the reciprocating jaw, substantially as described.
3. In stone crushers, the combination of a stationary crushing jaw, a reciprocating
crushing jaw opposite the staticnary crushing jaw arranged to have an equal or
variable motion at each end thereof, means for actuating the reciprocating jaw,
and means for adjusting the actuating mechanism to impart an equal or variable
motion to each end of the reciprocating jaw, so that the position of the pivot upon
which the reciprocating jaw swings may be changed with the adjustment of the
actuating mechanism, substantially as described.

page_text: 4. In stone crushers, the combination of a stationary crushing jaw, a reciprocating
crushing jaw opposite the stationary jaw arranged to have an equal or variable
motion at each end thereof, toggle lever mechanism arranged to actuate the
reciprocating jaw, and means for adjusting the position of the toggle to impart au
equal or variable motion to each end of the reciprocating jaw so that the position
of the pivot upon which the reciprocating jaw swings may be changed with each
adjustment of the toggle, substantially as described.
5. In stone crushers, the combination of a stationary crushing jaw provided with
a series of toggle bearing grooves arranged on the arc of a circle for the reception
of one end of a toggle plate, a reciprocating crushing jaw arranged to have an
equal or variable motion at each end thereof, means for actuating the reciprocating
crushing jaw, and a toggle plate adapted to have one end seated in any one of the
series of toggle bearing grooves and its opposite end engaging with the actuating
mechanism of the reciprocating jaw to impart an equal or variable motion to each
end of the reciprocating jaw so that the position of the pivot upon which the
reciprocating jaw swings may be changed as the toggle is changed from one toggle
bearing groove to another, substantially as described.
6. In stone crushers, the combination of a stationary crushing jaw, a reciprocating
crushing jaw arranged to have an equal or variable motion at each end thereof, a
frame portion to support the mechanism and provided with a series of toggle
bearing grooves arranged on the arc of a circle for the reception of one bearing
end of a toggle plate, means for actuating the reciprocating crushing jaw, and a
toggle plate arranged to have one end seated in one of the series of toggle
bearing grooves and its other end engaging with the actuating mechanism on the
reciprocating jaw to impart an equal or variable motion to each end of the
reciprocating jaw and regulate the position of the pivot upon which the reciprocating
jaw swings, so that such position may be changed as the toggle is changed from
one toggle bearing groove to another, substantially as described.
7. In stone crushers, the combination of a stationary crushing jaw, a reciprocating
crushing jaw opposite the stationary jaw so that between such jaws material may
be crushed, means for actuating the reciprocating jaw, tension bars connected with
the lower end of the reciprocating crushing jaw and its actuating mechanism to
impart a reciprocating motion to the crushing jaw, and a series of springs inter-
posed between the actuating mechanism and the tension bar to which may be given
an initial compression permitting yielding to strains beyond a predetermined
amount, substantially as described.
8. In stone crushers, the combination of a stationary jaw, a reciprocating
crushing jaw opposite the stationary jaw and between which material may be
crushed, a pivot for the reciprocating jaw upon which it may be vibrated and
reciprocated and which prevents a motion in the plane of the face, and means for
actuating the reciprocating jaw, substantially as described.
9. In stone crushers, the combination of a stationary crushing jaw, a reciprocating
crushing jaw mounted upon a laterally movable pivot and arranged to have an
equal or variable motion at each end of the reciprocating jaw, and means for
actuating the reciprocating crushing jaw, substantially as described.
Dated this 4th dex of Danamban 1001
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.