IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AERATED LIQUORS AND ON VESSELS USED FOR CONTAINING AERATED LIQUORS
Year: 1843

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
MAYO, of Lower Clapton, and JOHN WARMINGTON, of Wandsworth Road,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-fifth day of April, in the sixth year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said William
Mayo and John Warmington, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege
and authority, that we, the said William Mayo and John Warmington, our
exors, admors, and assigns, or' such others as we; the said William Mayo and
John Warmington, our exors, admiors, or assigns, should at any time, agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during, the, term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AERATED LIQUORS AND ON
VESSELS USED FOR CONTAINING AERATED LIQUORS," communicated to us by a
certain foreigner residing abroad; in, which said Letters, Patent is contained
a proviso, that we, the said William Mayo and John Warmington, or one of
us, shall cause a particular description of the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said
Majesty's High Court, of Chancery within. six: calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited, Letters Patent, as in and
by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
reference..being
appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
William Mayo and John Warmington, do hereby declare that the nature of
the said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are
fully described and ascertained in and by the following description thereof,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and
letters marked thereon, that is to say:-
These improvements principally relate to apparatus for which a Patent was
granted to Miles Berry, of Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, on the
Sixth day of December 1838, and to which a Specification was inrolled. And
the improvements relate, first, to apparatus used in applying flavoring materials
to aerated liquors; secondly, to improvements in the means employed for
drawing off aerated liquors from portable vessels, such as were described in the
Specification of the said Miles Berry; and, thirdly, our improvements relate
to a mode of constructing vessels for containing aerated liquors whereby the
liquors may be drawn off therefrom from time to time from a suitable cock or
tap at or near the lower part of the vessel, dispensing with the necessity for a
descending pipe.
And in order that the Invention may be fully understood we will proceed to
describe the Drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents the section of a tube by which flavoring solutions may
be introduced with aërated liquors into a portable vessel A, such as is herein-
after described, and as was fully explained under the said Patent of Miles
Berry. This tube is to be connected to one of the saturating vessels, described
in the Specification of the said Miles Berry, or to any other suitable vessel
containing aerated liquors, by means of the joint M. The flavoring solution is
to be poured into the part N through the opening N', when the spout D¹ of
the vessels A, hereafter described, is to be introduced into the conical mouth-
piece N¹ (which has a lining of wood, in order to render the joint as perfect as
possible for the time,) and then by opening the cock connected with the vessel
containing the aerated liquors, the aerated liquor will flow into the vessel N,
and force up with it the flavoring solutions into the vessel A. N° is a packed
plunger which covers the opening N³, this opening being for the purpose of
clearing the tube N.when required. We would remark that we do not confine
ourselves to the use of the mouth-piece or tube shewn at Figure 1 solely in con-
nection with the apparatus for producing aerated liquors described in the said
Specification of Miles Berry, the same being equally applicable to other
machines for making aerated liquors.

page_text: Figure 2 represents a section of one of these vessels (which we denominate
syphon vases) capable of containing about forty ounces of liquor; the size and
shape may, however, be varied. It consists of a vessel A, which both for
cheapness and strength we prefer to construct of a fine description of stone
ware, though other materials may be used. On the neck A¹ of this vessel A
is cast a collar B, of pure tin, having a female screw formed therein. The
mode of forming which, as well as of casting the collar on to the neck of the
vessel A, will be hereafter described. A glass tube C, with a flange C¹ formed
thereon at the upper end, as hereafter described, is then inserted in the vessel
A with its flange resting on the rim formed in the neck of the vessel where it
is retained, as shewn in the Drawing, by the screwing in of the barrel D, there:
being collars of caoutchouc, leather, or other suitable material introduced
between the parts to render them air-tight. This tube C extends to within a
short distance of the bottom of the vessels A. The form of the barrel D, which
we prefer to make of pure tin, is clearly shewn in the different detail views in
the Drawing, though the same may be varied; the spout D' is for the purpose
of filling the vessel A with aerated liquors, as well as for conducting the same
into a drinking glass or other suitable receiver. The passage through the
barrel D, it will be seen, is closed by means of the valve E, the nature of which
valve is clearly shewn at Fig. 3, which represents the various parts of the valve
in detail. It consists of a stem (1), which is enlarged at the lower part (2) to
receive on the upper surface of that enlarged part a disc of caoutchouc or
other suitable flexible material (3); over this disc is placed another larger
dise of caoutchouc or other suitable material (4), the edges of which are turned
down and secured under the projection (2) by a piece of silk thread or other-
wise; or the valve may be of metal, well fitted to its seat. F is a spring (which
it is preferable to make of silver; this spring is coiled around the stem of the
valve E, and by acting on the valve E has a tendency to lift it and close the
passage in the barrel D; and it will be seen that the pressure of the aerated
liquor acting against the plug tends to keep it close, by which the greater the
pressure, interior of the vessel, the more closely will be the closing of the valve;
and it is the combining of such arrangement of valve with a portable vessel for
containing aerated liquors, and in such manner that portions of the aerated liquor
may be drawn off from time to time, which constitutes one of the improve-
ments claimed under the present Letters Patent; at the same time it should be
understood that the mode of arranging valves here shown, when separately
considered, forms no part of this Invention. This spring F rests upon a small
metal collar, placed over a washer of caoutchouc, leather, or other suitable
flexible material, resting on the parts D2 of the barrel, the washer being used

page_text: in order to keep the aperture in the part D (through which the stem of the
valve E passes) air-tight. The upper part of the spring F bears upon the
under side of a screw nut (5) on the upper end of the stem of the valve E.
G is a stem or plug, which may be made of lignum vitæ, or other hard sub-
stance. In the lower end of this stem G there is a recess, which receives the
nut (5) on the stem of the valve, the upper part of the plug passing up
through a hole in the cap D3 of the barrel D to the lever H. This lever H
(which may be made of brass or other hard metal, and tinned or otherwise,)
turns upon an axis formed in a small projecting piece I, and has slits or
openings H1, H2, formed therein, which are better seen in the separate views,
Figure 4; the slit or opening H¹ receives the upper part of the stem G,
while the slit or opening H2 receives the stem J, which moves freely therein,
but which, by the enlarged end, controls the upward movement of the
handle H. This stem J is fixed upon the small projecting piece J', which, as
well as the piece I, are screwed into pieces of. brass or other hard metal,
introduced for that purpose in the barrel D at the time when the barrel D is
being made. It will be evident, from the description already given, that when
it is desired either to fill the vessel or to allow its contents to pass out, it will
only be necessary, while two of the fingers are in the handle A, for the thumb
to depress the extremity of the lever H, by which the valve E will be removed
from its seat, and the passage opened to or from the interior of the vessel A.
It should be remarked, that instead of acting upon the valve E through the
aid of the lever H, a ball or other enlarged head may be formed on the piece G
so as to act upon the valve, in order to open it against the pressure of the.
aerated liquor within the vessel.
Figures 5 and 6 represent a section and plan of another vessel A, some of
the parts of which are the same as those already described, to those parts the
same letters of reference are therefore used. It will be seen that in this case
the passage in the barrel D is closed by the piece of caoutchouc or other
suitable material' applied to the under side of the plunger K, the nature of
which is clearly shewn on the Drawing; this plunger is surrounded with
packing, in order to prevent the liquor contained in the vessel A passing out.
except through the spout D¹. The plunger K is raised by means of the thumb-
screw L, to which it is attached in such manner as to allow of the screw L.
turning in a female screw formed in the lid D' of the barrel D, this lid being
secured to the barrel D by screws, as is seen in the various views. We would
remark that we do not claim the means of moving the valve or plunger when
separately considered, but only when combined with vessels A to contain
aerated liquor.

page_text: .
We will now proceed to describe the mode by which the collar B is cast on
the neck of the vessel A. Figure 7 represents a side view of that portion of
a mould by which the form is given to the outside of the collar; Figure 8
represents a plan of the same, placed over the neck of a vessel A. Figure 9
represents a core with a screw thereon, by which form is given to the interior
of the collar above the neck of the vessel A. Figure 10 represents a portion
of a vessel A in section, in order to shew the position of the different parts of
the mould when arranged for casting the collar. It will be seen that the
parts O, O, turn upon the axis O', and that they may be held together so as to
form a close joint at O' by means of the handles 03, 03. The enlarged parts O*
are formed in order to introduce pieces of metal 05 with the word "patent," or
any other suitable device thereon, which impression would then be imparted
to the casting. These pieces 0³ are retained in their places by the screws 0%,
as shewn. The core P has a stem P'; having a hole drilled through it to
allow the air to escape when casting on the collar; this stem P¹ passes into the
neck of the bottle, and serves to retain the different parts of the mould cor-
rectly in their position, the part P2 passing within the parts O, O, as shown; the
square head P³ is formed on the core P, in order that this piece may be more
easily withdrawn from the casting. Q is the channel through which the melted
metal,is run into the mould; and R, that by which air escapes from the same..
By this means a close air-tight collar is produced on the neck A' of the
vessel A, rendering the use of cement, to retain such collars unnecessary, and
collars so produced may afterwards be finished in a lathe. In making these
collars, all that will be necessary to be done will be to place the parts 0, 0,
of the mould around the projecting part A¹ of the vessel A, and then by
placing the stem P¹ of the core into the neck of the vessel A, and the part P³
within the part 0, 0, as shewn in the Drawings in Figure 10, to regulate
those parts 0, 0. The metal is then to be poured in through the channel Q,
and when cool, the core P may be withdrawn by means of the square head P³,
when the collar will be firmly fixed on the vessel A.
We will now describe the mode employed by us for casting on to the glass
tube the metal flange C¹. Figure 11 represents a side view, Figure 12 a
section, and Figure 13 a plan of a mould frame. S is the bed of the mould
frame, in which are formed a series of recesses S', having moveable plates
placed on the top of the recesses; the plates have holes through them for the
tube to pass into the recess S'; the under part of each of the plates T is cut
out to form the upper part of the flange. When it is required to cast on a flange,
the end of the tube C, being previously heated, is placed in one of the recesses,
and melted metal (we prefer to use tin) poured thereon through one of the

page_text: openings T', which will fill up the space left in the recesses below, and the cut
away part of the plates T, and adhere to the tube when cool; by removing the
bar u the plates T may be drawn up the tubes C, and the tubes removed with
the flanges cast thereon. By this means the flange C¹ is securely affixed to
the glass tube, forming an air-tight joint, and rendering the use of any adhesive
cement unnecessary.
Figure 14 shows a section of a vessel A, for receiving aerated liquors from
a suitable vessel in which the same have been made. In this instance the
.descending pipe C, before described, is dispensed with, because the tap or
cock is placed at or near the lower part of the vessel A..
In using this description of vessel, it is filled from another vessel in which the
aerated liquor has been prepared, and the same is introduced through the cock
or valve in the same manner as that described in respect to the vessels A, and
the aerated liquor can be drawn off in parts from time to time through the
cock or tap by the pressure of the liquor within, in like manner to what has
before been explained, the difference between the vessel A of Figure 14 and
the other vessels A being principally in the cock or tap being at the lower part
of such vessel, and so that the aerated liquor is forced out of the vessel A by
means of the internal pressure and without a pipe C. The cock or tap, shown
as applied to the vessel A, Figure 14, is similar in its action to that described
under the second part of our Invention; but this may be varied, though we
believe the one shewn to be the best for the purpose; this part of our Inven-
tion consisting in constructing vessels, such as described in respect to Figure 14,
whereby aerated liquors can be received therein from the vessel in which
the same is prepared, and drawn off from time to time from a suitable cock
or tap applied at the lower part of the vessel A, thus dispensing with the
descending pipe C. The object of this part of the Invention being to obtain
aerated liquors in vessels in which the same may be dispensed or sold, allowing
of the aerated liquor therein being partly drawn off from time to time, the
pressure of the liquor within forcing the same through the cock or tap applied
at or near the bottom of the vessel A. We do not, however, confine ourselves
to the shape shown.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, communicated to us,
we would have it understood that we do not confine ourselves to the precise
details shewn, nor to the materials of which they are composed, nor to the
shape of the vessel A, so long as the peculiar character of either part of the
Invention be retained; but what we claim is,-
First, the mode of combining flavoring material with aerated liquors.
Secondly, we claim the applying apparatus, as herein described, to portable

page_text: vessels suitable for containing aerated liquors, and for allowing portions thereof
to be drawn off from time to time, and whereby the valve or plug is caused
to open against the pressure of the aerated liquor within the vessel A, the
valve or plug being closed by a spring aided by the pressure of the liquor;
and we also claim the application of a screw to move the valve which closes
the cock of a portable vessel for containing aerated liquors, as above explained.
And, thirdly, we claim the making of vessels A, such as are described in
respect to Figure 14, for receiving aerated liquors, where a tap or cock is
applied at the lower part thereof, and so arranged that the pressure from
within shall drive the aerated liquor out through the cock or tap, as above
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Mayo, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of October, in the year of our