Improvements in the Locks of Window Sashes.
Year: 1896

page_text: Improvements in the Locks of Window Sashes.
I, HENRY GOODRICK LAZENBY of 26 Norwood Road, Herne Hill, London,
Architect, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in the locks of sliding window sashes more
particularly to that kind which is adapted to be mortised into the pulley styles of
window frames and to engage with the sashes by means of bolts which enter recesses
in the styles of the sashes.
Instead of making the bolt of the lock to operate by means of a motion of
protrusion from and retraction into the lock case I construct and arrange it so that
the operative part of the bolt remains always external to the lock case and
accomplishes the locking of the sashes by means of a rotary motion in a plane
parallel to the face of the pulley style, as hereafter described.
In the following description I mean by "face plate" that part of the case or body
of the lock which is intended to be let in flush with the surface of the pulley style
of the sash frame which faces towards the sashes and against which they slide. By
"front plate" I mean that part of the lock which is intended to be fixed on or
flush with the surface of the sash frame which is towards that side of the window.
(usually the inside) from which the lock is intended to be actuated.
•
The bolt of the lock has a stout pivot which fits and is capable of turning in a
socket extending inwards from the face of the face plate and having a length
preferably not exceeding the thickness of the pulley style. The axis of the pivot
and socket is at right angles to the face of the face plate and when the lock is
correctly fixed is central with the parting bead of the sash frame laterally and
vertically is central with the meeting rails of the sashes when closed. Upon the
outer end of the pivot and extending outwards from the face of the face plate is an
extension forming the operative part of the bolt. This operative portion of the
bolt is so shaped that when in its unlocked position it replaces a short length of
the parting bead of the sash frame and is flush on both sides with the same.
length may conveniently be about three times its thickness and it is disposed
centrally with the axis of the pivot. Thus the bolt is in effect a short segment of
the parting bead of the sash frame mounted on a pivot the axis of which is
perpendicular to the surface of the pulley style. It may be of less projection from
the pulley style than the parting bead and the outer part of the latter may remain
as a bridge over the gap in which the bolt works.
Its
The bolt when in the unlocked position is flush with the parting bead and the
sashes are thus free to slide one on each side of it. To place the bolt in its locked
position it is turned on its pivot to the extent of preferably about 45° in such.
direction that its upper end projects outwards towards the upper sash style and its
lower end projects inwards towards the lower sash style. Suitably shaped and
placed recesses are formed in the sash styles to receive the projected ends of the
bolt and so long as the ends of the bolt remain in these recesses the sashes are
locked in position.
In order to actuate and control the bolt a lever may be attached to its pivot (a
suitable aperture being formed in the side of the socket) and carried forward at
the back of the face plate so that its free end projects through a vertical slot formed

page_text: in the front plate of the lock. The end of the lever will thus be rendered accessible
for adjustment by hand and may be held in either the locked or unlocked position
by suitable catches or springs. Instead of attaching the lever direct to the pivot
of the bolt it may be pivotted independently and actuate the bolt by means of teeth
formed upon it gearing with corresponding teeth on the pivot of the bolt; the
front end of the said lever being made. to project through a slot in the front plate
as before. Modifications of the ordinary lever or other locks may be arranged in
connection with the front plate in such manner as to shoot their bolts across the
before mentioned vertical slot and so lock the lever in the required position.
The device for actuating and locking the bolt which I prefer is however as
follows. Attached to the bolt is a flat arm lying close behind the face plate and
extending about half way towards the front plate and having cogs or teeth or
portions of same formed on its end. Close behind the front plate a cylindrical
plug is arranged with its axis parallel to the axis of the bolt pivot and capable of
rotary motion in suitable bearings. One end of this plug is close behind the face
plate and has attached to it a fat arm which lies close Lehind the face plate and
extends backwards towards and gears with by means of suitable teeth or cogs the
arm attached to the bolt. Attached to the last described arm and extending
backwards from the face plate is a stud which engages with the notches in two or
more levers similar in principle to the levers used in ordinary lever locks. These
levers which I will hereinafter designate as "locking levers" lie across and close
behind the arm attached to the front plug and also close up to the latter and are
A slot
pivotted at one end and controlled by springs in the usual manner.
arranged longitudinally is formed transversely through the front plug and
corresponds to the thickness and position of the locking levers lying behind the
plug. This slot forms the keybole of the lock and in order to admit the key to it
a sufficient aperture is formed through the front plate of the lock.
The key is spade shaped with steps for actuating the locking levers formed on
its end. The parts of the lock being supposed in the locked position the action of
unlocking is as follows and vice versa. The stepped spade end of the key is
inserted in the keyhole slot in the front plug and pressed inwards through the slot,
where it meets the locking levers and pushes them before it, until they are
disengaged from the stud on arm of the front plug. The key is then used as a
lever to partially rotate the plug the motion of which by means of its attached
arm is communicated to the arm of the bolt and finally to the bolt itself which is
thus turned to the required position. On withdrawing the key the locking levers
propelled by their springs again engage with the stud on the arm of the plug and
.lock it in position. The stud for engaging with the locking levers may be formed
on the arm of the bolt instead of as before described. A catch may be added to
the lock to retain the key therein when unlocked.
I may also actuate the bolt by other means such as by rack and pinion, bevel
wheels, crank and rod or any suitable modification of them. In either case that
portion of the combination not attached to the bolt pivot would be brought
forward to or through the front plate of the lock and adapted to be adjusted and
controlled by hand or (and) by suitable modifications of lever or other locks or
by keys.
Locks constructed as above described secure both sashes simultaneously but by
"suitable variation they may be made to operate on one sash only.
Dated this 6th day of February 1896.

page_text: I HENRY GOODRICK LAZENBY of 235 Norwood Road, Herne Hill, London,
Architect, late of 26 Norwood Road, Herne Hill, London, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
:
My invention relates to improvements in the locks of sliding window sashes,
more particularly to that kind which is adapted to be mortised into the pulley
styles of window frames and to engage with the sashes by means of bolts which
enter recesses in the styles of the sashes.
Instead of making the bolt of the lock to operate by means of a motion of
protrusion from and retraction into the lock case I construct and arrange it so that
the operative part of the bolt remains always external to the lock case and
accomplishes the locking of the sashes by means of a rotary motion in a plane
parallel to the face of the pulley style as more particularly hereinafter described.
The accompanying drawings which represent two forms of lock constructed
according to this invention, are to be read with this specification and considered as
part thereof.
Fig. 1. is an elevation of the "face plate" of the lock shewing the bolt in its
locked position.
Fig. 2. is a longitudinal section of the lock.
Fig. 3. is an elevation of the bolt in its unlocked position.
Fig. 4 is an elevation of the key.
Fir 5 is a sectional elevation of the back of the lock with its cover plate
removed.
Fig. 6 is an elevation of the "front plate" of the lock shewing the keyhole.
Fig. 7. is a sketch to a smaller scale shewing a means of adjusting the lock by
hand without using a key.
In Figures 1, 2 and 3 the broken lines shew the adjacent parts of the sash frame
when the lock is fixed.
In this description I mean by "face plate" that part of the case or body of the
lock which is intended to be let in flush with the surface of the pulley style of the
sash frame which faces towards the sashes and against which they slide. This
plate is lettered A in the drawings. By "front plate" I mean that part of
the lock which is intended to be fixed on or flush with the surface of the sash
frame which is towards that side (usually the inside) of the window from which
the lock is intended to be actuated. This plate is lettered B in the drawings.
The bolt C of the lock has a stout pivot C¹ which fits and is capable of turning
in a socket D extending inwards. from the face of the face plate A and having a
length preferably not exceeding the thickness of the pulley style. The axis of
the pivot and socket is perpendicular to the face of the face plate and when the
lock is correctly fixed is central with the parting bead of the sash frame laterally
and vertically is central with the meeting rails of the sashes when closed. Upon
the outer end of the pivot and extending outwards from the face of the face plate
is an extension C' forming the operative part of the bolt. This operative portion
of the bolt is so shaped that when in its unlocked position it replaces a short
length of the parting bead of the sash frame and is Hush on both sides with the
same as shewn in Figure 3. Its length may conveniently be about three times its
thickness and it is disposed centrally with the axis of the pivot. Thus the operative
part of the bolt is in effect a short segment of the parting bead of the sash frame
mounted on a pivot the axis of which is perpendicular to the face of the pulley
style. It may be of less projection from the pulley style than the parting bead
removed.
Fig. 6 is an elevation of the "front plate" of the lock shewing the keyhole.
Fig. 7. is a sketch to a smaller scale shewing a means of adjusting the lock by
hand without using a key.
In Figures 1, 2 and 3 the broken lines shew the adjacent parts of the sash frame
when the lock is fixed.
In this description I mean by "face plate" that part of the case or body of the
lock which is intended to be let in flush with the surface of the pulley style of the
sash frame which faces towards the sashes and against which they slide. This
plate is lettered A in the drawings. By "front plate" I mean that part of
the lock which is intended to be fixed on or flush with the surface of the sash
frame which is towards that side (usually the inside) of the window from which
the lock is intended to be actuated. This plate is lettered B in the drawings.
The bolt C of the lock has a stout pivot C which fits and is capable of turning
in a socket D extending inwards from the face of the face plate A and having a
length preferably not exceeding the thickness of the pulley style. The axis of
the pivot and socket is perpendicular to the face of the face plate and when the
lock is correctly fixed is central with the parting bead of the sash frame laterally
and vertically is central with the meeting rails of the sashes when closed. Upon
the outer end of the pivot and extending outwards from the face of the face plate
is an extension C' forming the operative part of the bolt. This operative portion
of the bolt is so shaped that when in its unlocked position it replaces a short
length of the parting bead of the sash frame and is Hush on both sides with the
same as shewn in Figure 3. Its length may conveniently be about three times its
thickness and it is disposed centrally with the axis of the pivot. Thus the operative
part of the bolt is in effect a short segment of the parting bead of the sash frame
mounted on a pivot the axis of which is perpendicular to the face of the pulley
style. It may be of less projection from the pulley style than the parting bead

page_text: and the outer part of the latter may remain as a bridge over the gap in which the
bolt works as indicated at D Figure 2.
The bolt when in the unlocked position is flush with the parting bead and the
sashes are consequently free to slide one on each side of it. To place the bolt in
its locked position it is turned on its pivot to the extent of about 45° in such
direction that its upper end projects outwards towards the upper sash style and its
lower end projects inwards towards the lower sash style. Suitably shaped and
placed recesses are formed in the sash styles to receive the projected ends of the
bolt and so long as the ends of the bolt are retained in these recesses the sashes
are locked in position.
In order to actuate and control the bolt an arm or lever may be attached to its
pivot (a suitable aperture being formed in the side of the socket) and carried
forward at the back of the face plate so that its free end projects through a
vertical slot formed in the front plate of the lock. The end of the arın may in
this way be rendered accessible for adjustment by hand and may be held in either
the locked or unlocked position by suitable catches or springs. Instead of
attaching the arm direct to the pivot of the bolt it may be pivotted independently
and actuate the bolt by means of teeth or their equivalents formed upon it gearing
with corresponding teeth on the pivot of the bolt the front end of the said arm
being made to project through a slot in the front plate as before. By this
arrangement the motion of the front end of the arm necessary to adjust the bolt
would be considerably reduced.
In Figure 7 is shewn an arrangement which could be used in connection with
either of the above mentioned methods of actuating the bolt by hand. Z is the slot
in front plate and Y a knob on the end of the arm. The arm is made with a
tendency to spring in the direction of the arrow at Y. Notches X are made in
the side of the slot to receive the end of the arm when in the locked and unlocked
positions, the spring giveu to the arm impelling it into these notches and thus
holding it in the required position. The knob Y may thus be grasped by hand
and the arm disengaged from the notch in which it rests and adjusted as required.
Modifications of ordinary lever or other locks may be arranged in connection
with the front plate in such manner as to shoot their bolts across the slot Z as
indicated by the broken lines at W and thus lock the end of arm in either the
locked or unlucked position.
The device for actuating the lock by means of a key which I prefer is as
follows. See Figures 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 and 6."
Attached to the bolt pivot C is a flat arm E lying close behind the face plate A
and extending about half way towards the front plate B and having teeth or
portions of same E formed on its end. Close behind the front plate Ba
cylindrical plug F is arranged with its axis parallel to the axis of the bolt pivot C
and capable of rotary motion on suitable bearings F. One end of this plug is
close behind the face plate A and has attached to it a flat arm G which lies
close behind the face plate A and extends backwards.towards and gears with (by
means of a suitable tooth G¹) the arm E attached to the bolt. Attached to the
arm G and extending backwards from the face plate A is a stud G which
engages with the notches in the levers H which are similar. in principle to the
levers used in ordinary lever locks but arranged to suit the circular motion of
the stud G. These levers lie across and close behind the arm G and close up
to the plug F and are pivotted at H at one end and controlled by springs H
in the usual manner. A slot Farranged longitudinally is formed transversely
through the plug F and corresponds with the thickness of the levers H. This
slot forms the key hole of lock and in order to admit the key to it a sufficient
aperture J is formed through the front plate B. The key K is spade shaped
with steps K for actuating the locking levers H formed on its end. The
shoulders K of the key pass behind the projections J on the sides of the
aperture J and prevent the key being withdrawn from the lock in any intermediat
position between the locked and unlocked positions.

page_text: To actuate the lock the stepped spade end of the key is inserted in the key hole
slot F in plug F and pressed inwards through the elot where it meets the
levers H and pushes them before it until the notches in them are disengaged
from the stud G on the plug arm G. The arm G being thus freed the plug F
is partially rotated by means of the key used as a lever and communicates its
motion by means of the teeth G and E to the arm E of the bolt and finally to
the bolt itself which is thus turned to the required position. On withdrawing
the key the levers H propelled by their springs H' again engage with the stud G
on the arm G and lock it (the arm) in position. The stud G' may alternatively
be formed on the arm E the levers being rearranged to suit. A catch L may
be added to the lock to retain the key therein when in the unlocked position, the
end of the catch L being arranged to engage with the notch K of the key.
The catch may further be made to slide in a groove L' so that it will be pushed
aside if a master key similar to K but without the notch K be used. The
catch would on the withdrawal of the key be returned to its former position by
the spring L'.
The portion of the surface of the plug F which is exposed at the key hole-
opening J when locked may bear a word such as "safe" or a distinguishing color
so that the condition of the lock whether locked or unlocked may be indicated;
and likewise the portion of the plug exposed when unlocked may bear a suitable
distinguishing sign.
I may also actuate the bolt by other means such as by rack and pinion bevel
pinions crank and rod or any suitable modification of them. In any case that
portion of the combination not attached to the bolt pivot would be brought
forward to or through the front plate of the lock and adapted to be adjusted by
hand or (and) by suitable modifications of lever or other locks.
The previously described locks secure both sashes simultaneously but they may
be so modified by the omission of one end of the bolt or otherwise as to secure-
only one sash. They may likewise be adapted to horizontally sliding sashes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. In a sash lock the formation of the bolt so that it is in effect a short
segment of the parting bead of the sash frame mounted on a pivot the axis of
which is perpendicular to the face of the pulley style the said pivot being capable
of rotation so that the ends of the bolt may be projected beyond the sides of the
pulley style and enter recesses in the styles of the sashes substantially as herein
illustrated and described.
2. Operating the said bolt by means of an arm attached to its pivot and brought.
out to or beyond the inside face of sash frame and made capable of adjustment by
band direct or by means of an intermediate arm or lever substantially as herein.
illustrated and described.
3. A sash lock having the said bolt and constructed operating and arranged.
substantially as herein described and as illustrated by Figures 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 and 6.
Dated this Sixth day of November 1896.
HENRY GOODRICK LAZENBY.