APPARATUS FOR USE IN GRINDING OR SHARPENING CUTTING TOOLS, TO FACILITATE THE PRODUCTION OF ACCURATE FORMS to be as follows :-
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
I, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of No. 46 Lincoln's Inn Fields in the County of
Middlesex, Consulting Engineer, and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of said Invention for "APPARATUS FOR USE IN GRINDING OR SHARPENING CUTTING
TOOLS, TO FACILITATE THE PRODUCTION OF ACCURATE FORMS to be as follows :-
"
=
This invention has for objects to obtain for tools mathematically correct-angles
at the junctions of their faces forming cutting edges, by means of mechanical
guides such as may be produced at considerably less cost than such as have hereto-
fore been designed for the same purpose, and which in their application shall
require less skilled labour than has been found necessary with appliances heretofore
usually employed.
A further object is to ensure that the act of grinding shall tend to keep the
grinding wheel true, instead of putting it out of truth.
For the above mentioned purpose there is provided a suitable horizontal plane
table, or grinding platform, through which is formed such an aperture as will allow
the periphery of any suitable grinding wheel (it may be stone or emery) to coincide
with the upper surface of the plane, the axis of the wheel or grinder being parallel
with such surface, and capable of adjustinent as wear takes place. On the plane
table or grinding platform is arranged a guide capable of sliding on the same
parallel to the axis of the grinding wheel, and of being fixed at any required
distance from such wheel.
Also there are provided suitable guideblocks formed to suit the class of tool to
be sharpened, such as drills or facet tools, and the like, designed when in use to be
held in suitable tool holders.
The guide blocks which vary in form according to the requirements of particular
applications, are such that with only one adjustment of the tool in the block,
complete and accurate grinding and sharpening of the tool may be insured.
When in the guide block, the tool has its axis co-incident with, or parallel to
that of the guide block.
"

page_text: The head of the guide block is constructed with cuts or facets forming surfaces
which constituto practical prolongations of the several faces of a correctly formed
tool, in such a way as to insure parallelism of the faces of the tool, and of tho
guideblock, when the head of the former is protruding in the direction of its axis
beyond the guide block.
Where necessary the tail of the guide block,, and the tail-rest on the grinding
platform are mutually adapted to securo a set presentation of the tool to the
grinder. The guideblock hond is in some cases divided into two or more parts,
forming a compound guide or holder adjustable to tools of different sizes, but of n
series, as in the case of different sizes of twist drills, with taper shanks fitting
"into one socket. To facilitato accurate adjustments there is in some cases employed
an index plate, such plate may with advantage be used in conjunction with twist
drill guides, according to this invention.
In order that the nature of the invention may be better understood I appond
n sheet of drawings illustrative of designs which "however unny be considerably
modified when carrying the invention out in practice.
Referring to these drawings Figs 1 to 17 are illustrative of the application of
the invention for tho sharpening of tools such as twist drills, and Fig 18 is intended
to give an approximate outline representation of a form of guido block that inay
be used for facet tools.
As respects the application of the principle of the invention to the grinding of a
twist drill, I would remark that all the figures are drawn to full size, and for
convenience of reference, every portion of the apparatus has a name assigned to it,
nearly all of these will be found on reference to Fig 3.
•
The most important feature is the guide block itself, which may be made of wood
or any other convenient material, cast or wrought. This guido block is here
supposed to be made out, of a cylinder of ebony 6" dinımeter and 2” high. The
interior is first turned according to the dimensions given on Fig 3, and the "block
point lining" of brass or other convenient material is fixed in position, the "block
point lining" being in the first instance simply a flanged cylinder of a length
sufficient to reach to the point end of the block, and truly bored throughout its
length with the largest drill of the series-in this case " diameter. The block is
fitted with a dummy tool. of hardened steel having a front edge exactly equal to
that of the largest drill of the series-in the case of a " drill this front edge is
taken na ‘085″ in length. The slopes from the front edge of the dummy tool are
somewhat in excess of those of the drill point, and the dummy tool must fit tightly
in the block point-lining with its front edge flush with the point end face of the
block.
"
Referring to Fig 2-which is a projection from Fig 1 (taking horizontal measure-
iments at one half and vertical measurements at two thirds) the completed block
is shown in continuous lines, the original block being completed in dotted lines,
as well as the lines of construction. The block with the point eud upwards is
placed on a table and the main diameter f. f is drawn in the same direction
as 21. ?' the front edge of the dummy tool. From point p draw. p. h and p. h¹ to
the circumference and perpendicular to the main diameter-also similarly from
point pl draw py and p g to the circumference. From the points f.ƒ³åg, g' h
and draw the vertical lines f, a, ƒ¹, a², g, d, g', d', he and h'e' to the circum-
ference of the block at its base. On f, t, set off a band on f' a' set off' a' b' each
equal to in. From 6 on the far side of the cylinder trace b, c, half a turn-of a
right handed screw having a pitch of 1 to the inch, and on the near side of the
cylinder similarly trace b, c half a turn of a similar screw. Let the tracing of the
Berew on the far side intersect h¹ ein k¹, g'd' in l, and the tracing of the screw
on the near side intersect h, e in and g, d, in The portions of the block and
block point lining to be removed are such as overlie pl; c, l,p, k¹ b, p, c,.k, p¹, l, bì,
the bases of these portions radiating from 2. and p¹ to the screw tracings round
the cylinder. The block is now mounted on and scrowed to the block plate shown
vide Fig. When screwed on to the block plate, one vertical cut of the width

page_text: of p. pl perpendicular to the main diameter and passing through the block point
lining, the block and the block plate bisects the whole. The two portions thus
formed are clamped on to the lower pläte of the holder by the clamping screws
shewn in Fig 3 the distance between the two halves being regulated by the "front
edge guage" (see Fig 17) inserted from above through the hole shown for it in the
bottom plate of the holder (see Fig 5). The diameters of these front edge guages
protruding below the plate correspond to the lengths of the front edges of their
drills, thus for drills from 19" to " it is 085", for 1", 075", for ", 065"
for "," and "06" and for the remainder of the series '05". In the lower
plate of the holder are slots, which, when the clamping screws are slackened admit
of the two halves of the guide block being widely separated so as to admit of
drills having taper shanks being placed in or removed from the carrier vide Fig 3.
To complete the explanation of the apparatus let it be supposed that a " drill
requires to be ground, the procedure would then be as follows:-
First slack the clamping screws (see Fig 3) and separate the two portions of the
guide block to a convenient distance. Now insert the drill up the holder tube
until the taper shank rests home in the carrier. On to the bottom of the tube and
over the drill's point, fix in its place the cap of the drill which has been truly
drilled by it, so that each drill has its own cap. Insert in their holes (from above)
the two front edge guages pertaining to the "drill. Bring the two portions of
the guide block as close together as the two front edge gauges will permit. Clamp
the two halves of the guide block to the lower plate of the holder and remove the
two front edge gauges. Insert the. key down the carrier from the top and with it
turn the drill until the front edge lies in the main diameter of the block. With
the screw grip fix the drill firmly in the carrier. Place the apparatus and drill in
position on the grinding platform and turn the regulator so that the drill point just
-and no more touches the grindstone on the grinding line. For the exact
adjustment of the drill the operator will now remove the key and fit on to the top
of the carrier the "key index" vide Fig 13.
Again insert the key and turn round the key index until the centre mark of the
sector pertaining to the " drill lies immediately below the pointer at the end of
the cross head of the key. Now by turning the regulator project the drill as
much as it is intended to grind away. The leading screw of the carrier having a
pitch of 16 to the inch each quarter turn of the regulator will take a mark on it over
one division of the regulator index plate, thus advancing the drill inch. For
every division of the regulator index plate thus passed over the key pointer must
be passed over a division on the key index plate, the grip having been temporarily
slackened for the purpose. This movement of the key will give the front edge of
the drill the necessary amount of skew off the main diameter, which will disappear
when the grinding has been continued to the full extent, bringing the face of the
block (in every position when rotated on its axis) in fair contact with the grinding
platform. Before starting the grindstone, the grip must of course be tightened so
as to secure it in the carrier.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of N° 46 Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of said invention for "APPARATUS FOR USE IN GRINDING OR SHARPENING CUTTING
TOOLS, TO FACILITATE THE PRODUCTION OF ACCURATE FORMS" (a communication
to me from abroad by Charles Simeon Thomason, of Indore, Central India, Brevet
Colonel and Lieutenant Colonel R.E. Bengal) and in what manner the same is to
bo performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement
This invention has for objects to provide simple and efficient, means or appa-
ratus whereby tools may be quickly and cheaply ground with mathematically
correct angles at the junctions of the faces whose intersection forms the cutting
edges. It will be evident that the means or apparatus employed for this purposo
will be likewise applicable to the grinding of objects, other than tools, which present
faces inclined at angles to each other.
A further object is to ensure that the act of grinding shall tend to keep the
grinding wheel true, instead of putting it out of truth.
>
For the above mentioned purpose there is provided a suitable horizontal plane
table, or grinding platform, through which is formed such an aperture as will allow
the periphery of any suitable grinding wheel (it may be stone or emery) to coincide
or nearly so, with the upper surface of the plane, the axis of the wheel or grinder
being parallel with such surface, and capable of adjustment as wear takes place.
On the plane tablo or grinding platform is arranged a guide or tail rest capable of
sliding on the saine parallel or otherwise to the axis of the grinding wheel, and of
being fixed at any required distance from such wheel.
Also there are provided suitable guide blocks formed to suit the class of tool to
be sharpened, such as drills or facet tools; and the like.
The guido blocks which vary in form according to the requirements of particular
applications, are such that with only one adjustment of the tool in the block,.com-
pleto and accurate grinding and sharpening of the tool may be insured.
When in the guide block, the tool usually has its axis coincident with, or parallel
to that of the guido block. Some tools however as for instance certain classes of
turning and planing tools cannot be said to have an axis, as the shape and direction
of the shank is determined by the form of the tool. holder, and has no fixed angular
relation to the faces bounding the cutting edges. It therefore follows that their
shanks will not be parallel to, but at some angle with the axis of the blook.
The guide block is constructed with cuts or facets which form guiding surfaces
and when the axes of the tool and block are parallel these constitute practical
prolongations of the several faces of a correctly forined' tool inserted in the block.
Where necessary the tail of the guide block and the tail rest on the grinding
platform are mutually adapted to secure a set presentation of the tool to the
grinder. The guide block head is in some cases divided into two or more parts,
forming a compound guide or holder adjustable to tools of different sizes, but of the

page_text: Bame character, as for instance for different sizes of twist drills, whose taper shanks
are designed to fit into one socket. To facilitate accurate adjustments there is in
Bome cases employed an index plate,-such plate may with advantage be used in
conjunction with twist drill gnides, according to this invention.
In order that the nature of the invention may be better understood there are
appended 4 sheets of drawings illustrative of apparatus according to this invention.
These apparatus are however susceptible of considerable modification to suit various
classes of tools and objects.
Referring to the drawings Figs 1 to 17 are illustrative of the application of the
invention to the sharpening of tools such as twist drills. Fig 1 is a central section
of the apparatus for grinding or sharpening twist drills and Fig:2 is an underside
view of the same. Fig 3 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the formation of the
guiding surfaces of the guide block. Figs 4 to 17 are detail views of the apparatus
and are hereinafter referred to. a is the guide block formed of any suitable
material such as wood or vulcanite, its interior being turned or bored as shown in
Fig 1 and its exterior or guiding surface being formed as hereinafter described.
bis a cylinder of brass or other convenient material fixed in the point or end
portion of the guide block and which is hereinafter called the block point lining.
In the drawing the. guide block a and block point lining bare each in two
portions (for the purpose hereinbefore. mentioned) mounted upon and secured to
two blocks plates c (shown in plan or top view in Fig 4) by means of screws c¹ or
the like. When screwed on to the block plates one central cut or slot bisects the
whole; it is of a width equal to the longest front edge of the series of drills to be
used in the guide block; it is parallel to the axis of the block and passes through
the block point lining, the block, and the block plate. The two portions thus
formed are clamped on to the plate d' of a holder d (shown in plan or top view in
Fig 5) by the clamping screws d' the distance between the two halves being regulated
by front edge gauges e (one of which is shown in elevation in Fig 6) inserted from
above through the holes d³ in the bottom plate d' of the holder d or in the absence
of such gauges, by the exterior surface of the cap or block point lining of the drill
which
to be ground. The diameters of the portions of these front edge gauges
protrude below the plate d' correspond to the lengths of the front edges of the series
of drills for which the guide block is designed.
Thus for drills from ends of an inch to inch, it is 0-085 inch; for 18nds of an
inch 0-075 inch; for the of an inch 0-065 inch, for 13nds of an inch, ths of an
inch; forada of an inch 0.06" and for the remainder of the series 0-05 inch.
In the lower plate d' are slots d', which when the clamping screws are slackened
admit of the two halves of the guide block being widely separated so as to admit
of different sizes of drills having taper shanks, being placed in or removed from an
externally screw threaded carrier f shown separately in elevation in Fig 7. f'is
a set screw to secure the drills in the carrier (see Figs 1 and 7, and in horizontal.
section in Fig 8. The drill holder d is slotted at d* (as shown in horizontal section
in Fig 9) to admit of projection f' which prevents the rotation of the said carrier.
g is a nut or regulator (shown separately in plan or top view and in vertical section
in Figs 10 and 11 respectively), through which the carrier f screws; it is prevented
from end wise movement by a regulator plate g¹ (shown in plan or top view and in
cross section in Figs 12 and 13 respectively), but is capable of being rotated to feed
the screw carrier f backwards or forwards. To facilitate accurate adjustments
there is in some cases employed an index plate; such a plate may with advantage
be used in conjunction with twist drill guides. h is the index plate shown respec-
tively in plan or top view and in cross section in Figs 14 and 15; it is provided
with a taper hole h¹ at its centre, to fit the taper end portion f of the carrier f.
i is a key (see Figs 16 and 17) provided with a shank i bifurcated at ³ to fit the
upper end of twist drills inserted in the holder d. The ends of the key handle are
5-pointed and serve as pointers to the divisions marked on the, key index plate h.
In forming the lower exterior guiding surface of the guide block a the block
ition it is in the first instance simply a flanged

page_text: cylinder of a length sufficient to reach to the point end of the block and is bored
to correspond with the largest drill of the series which in the example taken is
ads of an inch in diameter. The block is fitted with a dummy tool of hardened
steel having a front edge exactly equal to that of the largest drill of the series; in
the case of and inch drill, this front edge is taken as 0085 Inch in length. The
slopes from the front edge of the dummy tool are somewhat in excess of those of the
drill point and the dummy tool must fit tightly in the block point lining with its
front edge flush with the front end face of the block. In the diagrammatic view
Fig 3 which is an isometrical projection from Fig 1 (taking horizontal up and
down measurements at one half and vortical measurements at three fourths,) the
complete block is shown in continuous lines, the original block being represented
in dotted lines, as well as the lines of construction. The block with the point end
upwards is placed on a table and the main diameter 1-2 is drawn in the sanie
direction as 3-4, the front edge of the dummy tool. From the point 3 draw 3-5
and 3-6, to the circumference and perpendicular to the main diameter; also from
point 4 draw 4-7 and 4-8 to the circumference. From the points 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8
draw the vertical lines 1-9, 2-11, 5-12, 6-13, 7-14, 8-15, to the circumference of
the block at its base. On 1-9 set off 9-16 and on 2-11 set of 11-17 each equal to
thinch. From 10 on the far side of the cylinder traco 16-18 half a turn of a
right handed screw having a pitch of say 1-in' 2 inches; and on the near side of the
cylinder similarly trace 17-19 half a turn of a similar screw. Let the tracing of
the-screw on the far side intersect 6-13 at 20, 8-15 at 21 and the tracing of the
screw on the near side intersect 5-12 at 22 and 7-14 at 23. The portions of the
block and block point lining to be removed, supposing the cut or slot X to have
been previously formed in the cylinder, are such as overlie 4, 18, 21; 3, 20, 16;
3, 19, 22; 4, 23, 17; the bases of these portions radiating from 3 and 4 to the screw
tracings round the cylindor. The guide block thus formed is-mounted on the block
plates c in the manner herein before stated.
The method of using the apparatus is as follows:-Let it be supposed that a
"drill requires to be ground. First slack the clamping scrows d' and separate
the two portions of the guide block a to a convenient distance.
Now insert the drill up the bolder tube d until the taper shank rests home in
the carrier On to the bottom of the tube and over the drill's point fix in its
place the cap of the drill'or block point lining b.
This cap should have been truly drilled by the drill itself, so that oach drill bas
its own cap.
As an additional precaution, if needed, insert in the holes d³ (from above) the
two front edge gauges a pertaining to the inch drill. Bring the two portions of
the guide block a as close together as the cap or the two front edge gauges will
permit. Clamp the two halves of the guide block to the lower plate d of the
holder and remove the two front edge gauges. Insert the key
down the
carrier from the top and with it turn the drill until its front edge lies in the
main diameter of the block. With the screw f¹ fix the drill firmly in the carrier f.
Place the apparatus and drill in position on the grinding platform and turn the
regulator not g so that the drill point just and no more touches the grindstone on
the grinding line. For the exact adjustinent of the drill the operator should now
remove the key and fit the key index plate on the top of the carrier f then again
insert the key and turn round the key index plate h until the centre mark of the
sector pertaining to the inch drill lies immediately under one of the pointers ³
at the end of the cross head of the key. Next by turning the regulator g the &
drill must be projected as much as it is intended to grind away. Supposing the
leading screw of the carrier to have a pitch of 16 threads to the inch, each quarter
turn of the regulator g will take a mark on it over one division of the regulator
index plate or surface y (ace Fig 12) thus advancing the drill inch.
For every division of the regulator index plato tlius passed over the key pointer 5
must be passed over a division on the key index plate the grip on the drill
Having been temporarily slackened for the purpose.

page_text: This movement of the key will give the front edge of the drill the necessary
amount of skew off the main diameter, which will disappear when the grinding
has been continued to the full extent, the face of the block being brought (in
every position when rotated on its axis) in fair contact with the grinding platform.
Before starting the grindstone the drill should be fixed in its carrier.
Fig 18 is a plan or top view of a modified form of guide block (when its axis is
inclined in a vertical plane) for grinding or sharpening facet tools having three
fuces and Fig. 19 is a side view of the same showing its position relatively to the
grinding wheel when grinding ono face of the tool. Figs 20 and 21 are similar
views to Fig 19 showing the positions of the guide block when grinding the other
two faces of the tool.
a is the guide block, ka facet tool secured in a bole in said block by a screw m.
n is a grinding platform and o a grinding wheel. p is the guide or tail rest
consisting of a rectangular bar or strip with end bars or strips at right angles
thicreto, capable of adjustment on the platform n. a¹, a³, a³, are the guiding faces
of the guide block, their relative angular position corresponding with or parallel to
that of the three faces required to be ground on the tool. a, a, a are recesses
or notches in the guide block adapted to fit the guide or tail rest p whereby the
tail of the block may be conveniently held on the guide or tail rest p. with a sot
presentation of the tool to the grinder. The truth of the grinding surface of the
stone is maintained by keeping the guide block in motion along the tail rest
during the act of grinding. When a tool k requires to be ground it is secured in
the block a by the screw m or other convenient arrangement so that the point of
the tool slightly projects. When the tool is slightly protruded from the block the
grinding table should be correspondingly raised in order that the necessary
parallelism of the faces of the tool and guide block may be maintained.
The face of the tool corresponding with the face a¹ of the guide block may then
be ground so as to coincide with the said face a' by holding it on the platform n
so that the facet of the tool lies upon the grinding wheel o as shown in Fig 19
whilst the faces of the tool corresponding with the faces a a³ of the block may be
similarly ground by holding the guide block in the positions shewn in Figs 20
and 21 respectively. Figs 22 and 23 aro perspective views illustrating the
method of using a guido block according to this invention, for holding cranked or
hooked tools. a is the guide block as before formed in two portions, the division
line being across the hole through which the tool is inserted; m*m*'are screws
for uniting the two halves of the guide block and m is a screw for fixing the tool k
therein. As will be seen the guide block is provided with three guiding surfaces
at a, a, a³, the planes of two of them (a¹, a²), being parallel to the planes of two
of the faces of tlie tool when correctly formed, whilst the plane of the third guiding
face at is parallel to that of the upper or third face of the tool as will be readily
seen from Fig 23. In Fig 22 n is the grinding platform and o the grinding wheel
as before, n the aperture through which grinding or sharpening of the tool is
effected. p¹ is a block or packing piece on the platform n to raise the block a
when grinding tools of the kind shewn, or in lieu of the block plank an ordinary
adjustable grinding table may be employed. p is the guide or tail rest as before
for use when grinding the two side faces of the tool. a*, a* are the recesses in
the guide block as before. When the upper face of the tool has to be ground the
guide is to be supported by the adjustable horizontal table T held against the side
of a vertically arranged platform n as shown in Fig 23, the tendency of the
block to rotary movement, caused by the grinding wheel, being prevented by side
guides p* p*. These aide guides p* keep the tool true to the grinding line and the
guide block true to the perpendicular. The operation of grinding the hooked
tool will be readily understood from Figs 22 and 23.
In some cases it may be more convenient to rest a facet or guiding surface of
the guide block fair on the grinding table and to effect the true grinding of the
tool by applying pressure to it, the tool in this case being loose in the guide block
and not fixed therein as before, but the plan of fixing the tool in the block is to be
.

page_text: preferred. It will be obvious that by suitably arranging the guiding or grinding
faces of the block with reference to each other and to the grinder, various other
forms of facet tools.may be readily and accurataly ground.
Guide blocks such as hereinbefore described may be employed for grinding
objects other than cutting tools, such for example as door knobs having facets
formed thereon. The front facets of such knobs should be ground from guides on
a horizontal table as shown in Fig 22 and the back facets (ie. those that would be
nearest a door when in use) from guides on a table, as shown in Fig 23. In some
cases the objects to be ground will require to be fitted with a holder or shank to
adapt them to the guides.
It will be observed that the following are amongst the advantages. of this
invention:
1. The block when once made is made complete, with its single socket and all
faceta fixed.
2. Its several positions with reference to the grinding line are determined by
adjustments on or off the grinding table.
3. Supposing the guide block to be in correct position for any particular facet
(in which case the facet will be more or less tilted according to the amount of
grinding necessary, and not in fair contact with the grinding table), the tool will
bo act to protrude from the block and the grinding will be completed when the
guide facet is brought into fair contact with the grinding tablo.
4. It possesses the characteristic that with a fixed socket it admits of the tool
being presented to the stone at any angle in any plane instead of only in one plane.
This admits of a rotatory movement being imparted to it which adapts it to the
sharpening of such articles as the twist drill.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that
what I claim is
For grinding or sharpening cutting tools, to facilitate the production of accurate
forms,
1. The use of a guide block with a hole or socket for the reception of the tool
to be ground and facets adapted for application to a grinding table or rost, the
whole so arranged that the tool may be accurately ground on all its faces without
resetting substantially as described.
2. The use of a guido block provided with a hole or socket for the reception of
the tool and with facots adapted for application to a grinding table or rest, and a
tail or groove, or tails or grooves, designed to rost or slide upon a tail guide, the
whole so arranged that the tool may be accurately ground on all its faces without
resetting substantially as described.
8. In a guide block of the kind referred to in claim 1 the use of an index plate
whereby the tool may be set relatively to the facets of the block substantially as
described.
4. A guide block of the kind referred to in claim 1 formed in two parts
adjustable in relation to each other to permit of its being used for tools of different
size substantially as described.
5. The improved apparatus constructed arranged and operating substantially, as
hereinbefore described with reference respectively to and shewn in Figs 1 to 17;
and in Figs 18 to 21,-and in Figs 22 and 23 of the drawings.
1000