IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arnold Wright Kershaw
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th May 1882.
ARNOLD WRIGHT KERSHAW, of Lancaster, in the County of Lancaster, Architect
IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS
The object of this invention is to obtain more efficient ventilation of buildings
and shafts by means of a ventilator requiring no mechanical motion.
1 accomplish the above object in the following manner :-I arrange three sets of
deflectors circular or otherwise on plan, with openings between each deflector.
Such openings are in each case opposite the deflectors of next inner or outer set of
deflectors. The wind impinging on any deflector or passing through any of the
openings of the outer set, tends to create a vacuum therein and thus causes an up
current entirely irrespective of the direction of the wind, a down current being under
my arrangement an impossibility, thus ensuring the ventilation the room shaft or
sewers to which my improved ventilator is attached.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Arnold Wright Kershaw in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 3rd November 1882.
ARNOLD WRIGHT KERSHAW of Lancaster in the County of Lancaster, Architect
IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS
The object of my invention is to obtain more efficient ventilation of buildings
and chimney stacks by means of ventilators requiring no mechanical motion so
constructed that the rain water cannot be driven into the upcast shaft; and consists
in forming the ventilator with a series of deflectors which may be arranged
perpendicular, one series of deflectors being opposite the openings of the next serics
of deflectors, by which arrangement the wind is prevented acting direct upon the
upcast shaft or tube; or the top of the ventilator may be formed circular or
angular and obtain the same result, by constructing deflectors curved or angular
and placing them immediately above the upcast tube, so that in whatever way the
wind is blowing, the deflectors will prevent down draught in the upcast tube.
In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 represents a sectional plan of Figures 2
and 3 through the lines 1. 2 and 3. 4. The ventilators may be constructed of
sheet zinc or other metal soldered riveted or otherwise fitted together, and may be
in section circular rectangular or other well known shape; Figure is of circular
form arranged with four vertical deflectors in a rim or circle, but more or less may
be fitted, the number being regulated by the diameter of the ventilator.
The outer circle A is the base of the ventilator to which the vertical
deflectors B. C and D are attached, the series C being placed opposite the openings
between the deflectors in the series B and D; the top of each series of deflectors
are attached to the plate E, and the upcast tube communicating with the interior
of the building is indicated by the letter and figure A¹
The wind impinging in any direction against the deflectors, on passing through
the openings O, creates a partial vacuum in the upcast tube A¹, thereby promoting
the upcurrent through the said tube, exhausting the air, from below, and more
effectually ventilating the building.
Figure 2 represents a vertical section through the centre of a circular ventilator
adapted for a large building, and fitted with a dome top F which is attached to
the vertical deflectors D by supports G, thereby leaving an open space all around
the ventilator at H. An opening is formed through the top of the dome, above
which is fixed a curved cover J of larger diameter than the opening, and below
the said opening inside the dome is another curved cover or deflector K of less
diameter than J, but larger than the upcast tube A'. These curved covers or
deflectors are attached together by strips L which are also secured to the dome F.
The wind blowing against the ventilator passes through the opening O' between
the cover or deflector J and dome F, and impinging upon the deflector K, is
diverted in the direction of the arrows through the opening H, carrying the foul
air with it from the space P and thereby assisting the vertical deflectors to cause
a partial vacuum in the upcast tube A¹ communicating with the building.
The ventilators may have an ordinary conical cover without openings as in
Figure 3; and two, three, four or more ventilators may be placed together in
groups, connected to separate, or all to one upcast shaft, a plan of a group of four
is shewn in Figure 4.
Figure 5 is a sectional plan shewing the deflectors made in a variety of forms
the effect being substantially the same, whether made with concentric, straight
or angular vertical deflectors.

page_text: Figure 6 is a vertical sectional elevation through the centre of a ventilator
suitable for the ventilation of chimneys and soil pipes, and is fitted with an
expanded top of angular form, the covers or deflectors J and K¹ are supported in
the same manner as in Figure 2, and the wind blowing in any direction through
the opening N, is diverted by the deflector K' in the direction of the arrows, and
passing out through opening H' around the ventilator, exhausts the foul air or
smoke from the tube A
Figure 7 shews an arrangement for an inlet ventilator which admits fresh air,
but any rain entering, is not allowed to descend the downcast tube R, but passes
over the projection at S, and out at the louvered aparture S¹. The arrangement
of the interior plates will at once shew the direction taken by the air current as
indicated by the arrows.
Figures 8 and 9 shew sections of two forms of inlet ventilators for distributing
the fresh air as it entres an apartment. Figure 8 is arranged with an expanding
end inside the room, in the interior of which is fitted one or more conical
deflectors T, the air passing as indicated by the arrows through the openings,
entres the apartment in the form of an expanding hollow cone, being at once
distributed with decreased velocity so that no draught can be felt. Figure 9 is
fitted with a number of radial plates G¹ which have a similar effect on an entering
current, as the arrangement last described.
Having thus described my said invention, and the manner in which the same is
to be carried into effect, I have to state that I do not confine myself to the precise
details herein described, as the same may be varied without altering the
characteristic nature of my invention, but that what I believe to be novel, and
desire to be secured to me by the herein before in part recited Letters Patents is,-
The construction of ventilators having deflector plates arranged vertically in the
manner as described and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
The construction of ventilators with cover plates acting as deflectors in com-
bination with vertical deflectors arranged in the manner described and as illustrated
by the accompanying drawings.
The construction of ventilators with cover plates acting as deflectors arranged in
the manner described and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
In witness whereof I the said Arnold Wright Kershaw have hereunto set
my hand and seal this first day of November in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
ARNUL
NOLD WRIGHT KERSHAW
(L.S.)