IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER CARTS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS MAY ALSO BE USED FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Hodson Bayley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st December 1871.
I, EDWARD HODSON BAYLEY, of 42, Newington Causeway, in the
Borough of Southwark, in the County of Surrey, Wheelwright and
Contractor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER CARTS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS MAY ALSO BE USED FOR
OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
:―
This Invention consists in adopting the principles of hydrostatics and
hydrodynamics to the construction of the branch pipes and the
distributing pipes of water carts, so as to give the widest possible throw
of water to a given distributing apparatus, using for this purpose the
practical method herein-after set forth in detail.
The upper orifice of the branch pipe (or the pipe conveying the water
from the bottom of the tank to the pipe or pipes that distribute it over the
road) is made of ample dimensions to supply the jets in the distributing

page_text: pipes, and in order to avoid friction where the flow of the water through
the branch pipe separates into two parts (one part to supply one-half
of the distributing pipe, the other part to supply the other half of the
distributing pipe), namely, at the bottom of the branch pipe, the said
bottom part of the branch pipe is made of greater cubical contents than 5
the other parts of the pipe. By this means and by curving the branch
pipe at each side outwards, a chamber or reservoir is made at the bottom
of the branch pipe that serves to transmit the pressure of water due to the
height of the tank above the jets in a more perfect manner than it could
otherwise be transmitted; these side curves may advantageously be 1
pavabolic in character, also the branch pipe (in side view) may be curved
outwards in a similar curve. By using this part of the Invention the
friction of the effluent water is reduced nearly to a minimum, for it is
very little more than the friction of water against water.
In the water carts hitherto made the attempts to reduce this friction
have been futile, and this unsuccessful result is partly owing to the fact
that the branch pipe has been made of larger cubical extent in the upper
part than in the bottom or lower part, the very reverse of the plan which
constitutes one of these improvements.
In order to obtain as great a pressure as possible upon the jets of the 2
distributing pipe, and thus enable the side jets to have a greater
trajectory than they otherwise would have, the tank is elevated (in some
cases by beams transverse to the shafting frame) to as great a height as
advantageous draft will allow, at the same time the distributing pipes
are placed as near the ground as possible, having due regard to the
trajectory form by the jets being taken full advantage of; the said
distributing pipes must therefore be at a certain distance from the
ground, the least distance is preferred. The plan at present adopted
is simply to place the tank upon the frame that fixes the shafts of
the cart, and the distributing pipes at a small and convenient distance
below the said frame not having regard to the width of throw of the
water.
This improvement as above set forth in detail has specific relation to
the hydrostatic pressure of a column of water on an exit pasage, and
provides the above-mentioned means of carrying out this principle, ;
so as to ensure a greater width of roadway being covered by one
watering than has hitherto been done. In order to provide for the

page_text: greater freedom of exit of the water from the jets of the distributing
pipe by reducing the friction therein the said distributing pipe is made
of longer sectional area than has hitherto been employed.
The holes for the exit of the water in jets from the distributing pipe
are preferably all drilled towards the centre of the pipe, but not in one
diametral line or lines as heretofore. It is found preferable to drill them
along a curve or helical line or lines traced on the pipe, which becomes
more nearly vertical as it approaches the end of the pipe. This is found
necessary in order to be able to place the distributing pipe low, and yet
take full advantage of the width of the trajectory of the jets. The jet
that require to be drilled at the greatest angle with the horizontal lever
are those at the extremities of the pipe that mainly determine the width
of roadway that is covered at one watering, the holes or jets in the
straight part of the distributing pipe may be one-eighth of an inch.
diameter and nearly horizontal; those at the extremities of the
distributing pipe may be three-sixteenths of an inch diameter, and
incline to the horizontal line at an angle of about 30° so as to give the
jets of water issuing therefrom an upward tendency to that amount.
Another part of the Invention consists in combining the method of
constructing a double branch pipe, and distributing apparatus, as set
forth in No. 889, (A.D. 1866,) with the more practical shape of branch
pipe and with the other improvements above mentioned.