CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND COMPOSITION OF LUBRICATING AND BURNING OILS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Hart, of Number 5, Waterloo Crescent,
Dover, in the County of Kent, Gentleman, for the Invention of " CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND COMPOSITION OF LUBRICATING AND
BURNING OILS."-A communication.
Sealed the 11th December 1855, and dated the 8th September 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Hart at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th September
1855.
1, HENRY HART, of No. 5, Waterloo Crescent, Dover, in the County of
Kent, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND COMPOSITION OF LUBRICATING
AND BURNING OILS," (being a communication from a foreigner residing abroad,)
to be as follows:-
The mixing of crude turpentine with fixed oils, and filtering the said mix-
tures, after neutralizing any acid which may be in the turpentine, by an
alkali.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Hart in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th
March 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
HART, of Number 5, Waterloo Crescent, Dover, in the County of Kent,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Henry Hart, Her special licence that I, the said Henry Hart,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry
Hart, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LUBRICATING AND BURNING OILS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Henry Hart, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Hart, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
Specification thereof (that is to say):-
My said Invention consists in combining fixed oils with crude turpentine,
for the purpose of improving such oils, more particularly when they are
intended to be used for lubricating or burning.
For the purpose of making a good lubricating or burning oil, I take seven
gallons of lard oil, or other good fixed oil, and one gallon of crude turpentine
as it is obtained from the pine tree and usually brought to this country, and
mix them, stirring them together until the turpentine is perfectly dissolved in
the oil, and when necessary the mixture may be warmed or heated, in order to
produce or facilitate the mixture and solution.
When the oil is intended to be used for lubricating, I first subject the

page_text: turpentine (when necessary, as it usually is,) to the action of an alkali or alka-
line earth, so as to neutralize any acid which the turpentine may contain;
and for this purpose I melt the turpentine in a convenient vessel, and add
(in a powdered state) the quantity of alkali or alkaline earth necessary for
neutralizing the acid contained in the turpentine.
Four ounces of alkali or five ounces of alkaline earth will generally suffice
to neutralize the acid in a gallon of American turpentine, but a little excess
of the alkali or alkaline will not be injurious, as the excess will be removed in
the subsequent process. The turpentine and alkali, or alkaline earth, are then
to be intimately mixed by stirring, after which the mixture is to be allowed to
remain at rest until any dregs or watery matters contained in the turpentine
subside, after which the purified turpentine is to be run off, and is then ready
for being mixed wth the oil.
When oil and crude turpentine have been intimately blended in manner
above described, I allow the combination to remain at rest until any impu-
rities which it may contain fall to the bottom, after which I draw off the
supernatant liquid and pass it through a filter, so as to render it clear and
transparent, the filter being constructed of thick cotton or felt and oil silk.
The proportions of fixed oil and crude turpentine to be combined must
depend upon the purposes to which the oil is intended to be applied, for coarser
or commoner purposes the proportion or quantity of crude turpentine being
increased. Thus, for the purpose of lubricating large machines, the pro-
portions of oil and turpentine may be six, five, or four parts of the former to
one of the latter; and for very coarse machinery the quantity of turpentine
may be increased, so as to be in the proportion one part of turpentine to three
or two parts, or even one part, of the fixed oil. And for heavy bearings, in
which the motion is very slow, a combination consisting of one part of oil
and two of turpentine may be used. Linseed and other vegetable oils may
be combined with crudo turpentine in this manner, and when drying oils are
thus combined with crude turpentine they may be mixed with pigments, so as
to form paints. Fish oils combined with crude turpentine in this way may not
only be used for burning, but may also be used for currying leather and other
purposes.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in whic
it is to be performed, I hereby declare that I do not claim as of my said Inven-
tion, the combination of any fixed oil with spirit of turpentine, or with any of
the oils usually called volatile oils, or any combination of animal and vegetable
oils, nor do I claim the mode of purifying or freeing crude turpentine from
acid, and as being separately any part of my said Invention. But what I

page_text: do claim as my said Invention is, the combination of fixed oil with crude
turpentine, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Hart, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fourth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
HENRY HART. (L.S.)