Improvements in and connected with Means for Generating Steam and Furnace Gases, and for Utilizing the same for Motive Purposes.
Year: 1895

page_text: 1
Date of Application, 13th Nov., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 12th Sept., 1896-Accepted, 13th Nov., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Means for Generating Steam
and Furnace Gases, and for Utilizing the same for Motive
Purposes.
I, PERCIVAL PINOKNEY of 15 Middle Street, Southsea, Portsmouth Mechanical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
The improvements which I have now devised, are for the purpose of the further
development of the subject matter of a patent which has been granted to me.
Such Patent being No. 10401, of May 29th 1894.
My object is to produce a motor that shall combine the advantages of the steam
engine, and the gas engine, and the hot air engine, while avoiding as far as possible,
their respective disadvantages.
This I propose to yet nearer attain, by means of certain further improvements.
upon my previous efforts.
My first, primary improvement may consist of a coil-pipe-or its mechanical
equivalent, which may lead the exhaust from the gas-explosion-cylinder, into that
which will be hereafter described as the hot-air-cylinder of the motor.
The greater portion of the coil-pipe may be submerged beneath the water that is
within the boiler,--or boilers.
The said coil-pipe may exhaust into the atmosphere, or elsewhere, in those
modifications of the Pinckney motor where a hot-air oylinder, so called, is
not used.
The "jacket-heat" of the gas-explosion cylinder, or cylinders, may likewise be
utilized for raising steam within the boiler.
My second, primary improvement may consist of a unique arrangement of
compounded cylinders, so constructed that when placed in conjunction with their
combined piston, and plunger arrangement, they will form either two, three,-
or four separate chambers. In the latter case such chambers may consist, one for
Bay high pressure steam, one for hot-air, so called; one for low pressure steani,
while in the other chamber, either coal-gas,-oil gas, oil, or any other suitable
fuel may be vaporized; or exploded, as in a gas-engine, or an oil engine.
My third, primary improvement may consist of certain unique devices for
separating into its constituent elements the " exhaust" gases that are expelled from
the gas-explosion-chamber, these devices may consist either of a stationary
receptacle, in which the separation of the aforesaid exhaust gases may be effected
by gravitation, which may also be aided by chemical action, or of a rotary
receptacle in which the separation of the exhaust gases may be effected by
centrifugal force, which may also be aided by chemical action.
My fourth, primary improvement may consist in making heating surfaces, with
ridges, spikes, or other inequalities thereupon, in such a manner as shall cause any
given size piece of heating surface, so prepared, to present a greater evapourative,
or superficial area upon that side of the heating surface which is in contact with
the water, or other fluid, to that of the superficial area of the same size piece.
of heating surface upon the side thereof which is exposed to the action of
combustion.
My fifth, primary improvement may consist in using glass,- -or other vitreous
equivalent, in the form of beads, (or small spheres),-granules,-or powder, for

page_text: heat-retaining purposes, such may be used either as a lagging packed between the
radiating surface and an outside sheathing, or be mixed with other material, and
applied as a cement.
My sixth, primary improvement may consist of an improved form of boiler,
substantially as described upon Sheets 2, and 3, in the specification of my prior
Patent, Number 10401, of A.D. 1894. Such modification may be to dispense with
the central uptake, as shown in the drawings of the aforesaid specificatiou, at T, T,
on Sheets 2, and 3, and substituting in its place, flue tubes, leading from the
furnace as shewn upon the said sheets at F, F, out through the side of the boiler,
so as to connect the said flue tubes, with the flues, formed in, and by the brick work,
or other suitable setting.
These aforesaid improvements may be used for all heating,-heat-retaining, and
power generating purposes, to which they can be practically applied.
Dated this 12th day of November 1895.
Improvements in and connected with Means for Generating Steam
and Furnace Gases, and for Utilizing the same for Motive
Purposes.
1, PERCIVAL PINCKNEY, Senr. of 15 Middle Street, Southsea, Portsmouth,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what.
manner the same. is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
These improvements are based on the invention described in Specification
No. 10401/94.
My endeavour has been to produce a heat-engine, of a more scientific construc-
tion, and hence of a higher standard of fuel economy, than any heat-engine
hitberto devised by the inventive mind.
I have named the result of these efforts a Pinckney Motor.
One of the vertical, modifications of this improved motor, may be constructed
substantially as is shewn in the drawings at Fig. 1. upon Sheet 1.
A. B. B. A. shews the interior of the cylinder, which by means of a novel piston
arrangement, is divided into three separate chambers. In the two end chambers,
as shewn by A. A. gas, or any other suitable fuel, may be ignited, or exploded in
the same manner, and substantially by the same mechanical devices, as are now
used for the charging with, and the ignition of the fuel, in ordinary gas engines,
and so called "oil engines."
B. B. shews that which I regard as one of the primary, and most valuable
features of novelty, in connection with this novel combination. This feature
consists of a chamber formed by two pistons, and intended to contain water,
such water being in free communication with the water in. the outside
cylindrical boiler,-shewn at C.-C.-C.-C.-by means of certain orifices which
I have named water ports. The said water ports being shewn at D. D.
These cylindrical boilers may be made of, say, steel plate, butt jointed, with a
cover piece on the inside of the shell running the full length of the joint.
One, or more hoop bands may be shrunk upon the outside of the shell, in such
case the parts of the butt joint between the hoop band, or between the hoop bands,
and the end flanges may have outside cover pieces fixed thereupon by means of
four rows of rivets running through the steel shell plate, and taking the inside cover
piece also. The end flanges, may be made of weldless steel, and may be rivetted
around the outside of the shell plate substantially in the manner shown. An
additional chamber, which may be constructed in the manner just described,

page_text: may be used as a steam chamber, in which to store the steam generated by means
of the submerged gas-explosion cylinder, in the (presumably), water filled
cylindrical boiler just described. Boilers, and stoam chambers, thus constructed,
and thus stayed, would possess an ample margin of safety over the highest
workable pressures. The working steam cylinder of the motor may be of the
ordinary description; and may when desirable, be enclosed, or be more, or less
enclosed, in the steam storing chamber before said.
Inasmuch as the steam storing chamber, is meerly a duplication of the cylindrical
boiler, as shewn at C.-C.-C.-C. it has not been shewn in the drawings.
E. E. shews a unique device, which I have named my Coupled Pistons. Such
coupling may be effected in the manner shewn at F. F. F. by means of those
which I have named Piston Coupling Bars, or by means of a central connection
which I have named a Piston Coupling Rod. The said rod being. shewn at
letter G. in Fig. 12. upon Sheet 4.
My coupled pistons, (as shewn at E. E). should not pass over the water-
ports, (D.D.) but should alternately stop upon, and retrograde back from the
Dearest edge of the said water.ports.
The advantage of this unique arrangement, is, that after a charge of gas has
been exploded in either of the gas-explosion cylinders, A. or A. that cylinder is
immediately flushed out with the water contained between the coupled pistons.
The combustion cylinder, being thereby cooled internally, and the wearing
parts, being likewise lubricated and preserved.
G. shews those which I have named, Angular Convection Ridges. Such ridges
run around the outside of the cylinder, although spikes, or any other suitable,-
-as
I have named them, convectionising inequalities may be used.
H. shews a thickness in the cylinder, which I have named a Water Port Band.
I. I. strengthening bolte, to compensate in the present modification for weakening
the cylinder longitudinally, by ingrooving the convection ridges, and furrows
thereupon. These bolts should be made from the best "charcoal" bar iron of
about one inch square in the section: such proportion, and size may of course be
enlarged, or decreased, according to tensile requirements.
J. The first nuts on the strengthening bolts, as shewn at J. are for holding the
covers on to the gas.combustion chambers.
K. shews those which I have named Distance Pieces, these distance pieces, made
preferably of brass are to keep the ends of the gas-combustion cylinder at say
about three inches distant from the boiler covers, against the inside of which the
said distance pieces abut.
L. The second nuts on strengthening bolts, as shewn at L, cause the said bolts
to also act as stays to the cylindrical boiler, (shewn at C. C. C. C) upon the
outside of the covers of which the said second nuts, are to be screwed down tight.
M. shews those which I have named Coil Pipe Blocks. These blocks may be
rivotted to the strengthening bolts, the rivet holes being preferably drilled through
the "flat" of the bolt.
N. substantially shews position, and mode of fixing a coil pipe.
It is through a coil pipe, that the heated products of combustion exhaust from a
combustion chamber, the connection being established between the combustion
chamber, and the coil pipe by means of any suitable valve arrangement.
One of these valve arrangements, (which may be similar to that shewn at Fig. 3,
Sleet 1) will be bolted upon the combustion chamber, shewn at A at the piston-
rod-end of Fig. 1, and at, or near the position indicated thereupon by the letter Y.
This will provide for the clearance of the combustion chamber now referred to,
while a simple duplication of this coil pipe, and valve arrangement, will provide
for the exhaust from the combustion chamber marked A, which is situated at the
lower, or.opposite, end of the cylinder. (As shewn at Fig. 1.)
Of course in those cylinders hereinafterward described, and which have only one
combustion chamber, only one coil pipe, and coil pipe valve will be neccessary.
While with those cylinders having two combustion chambers, two coil-pipes, and

page_text: coil pipe valves may be used, the exhaust from one combustion chamber, may
travel through its respective coil pipe, around the length of the outside of the
cylinder, spiraly in a right-to-left direction. And the exhaust from the other
combustion chamber may travel through its respective coil pipe, around the length
of the outside of the cylinder spiraly in a left-to-right direction.
Those which I have named Coil Pipe Vibration Shields may be used. These
shields may consist preferably of a brass collar, or other suitable shaped shield,
brazed or otherwise affixed to the coil pipe, at such parts thereof as are gripped
between the coil-pipe-blocks and clips. The said shields may have outstanding
lips, or projections between which the coil-pipe-blocks and clipa may fit. This
arrangement is to prevent the possibility of a coil pipe shifting its position or of
its being injured by the action of vibrationary motion.
0. Coil pipe clips. These clips may be bolted to the longitudinal strengthening
bolts aforesaid, and these small bolts should be made of, say Muntz, or of some
suitable and anti-corroding metal.
P. P. Shews the hypothetical water line in the (practically water filled).boiler.
Q. Pipe leaving live steam to the steam storing chamber, and the operating
steam cylinder of the motor.
R. Pipe which may lead "condensed water" back to boiler.
S. Piston rod, this as shewn may be tubular a part of its length, and may have
a screw plug, or cap at the end, the removal of which will enable the inside of the
rod to be cleaned.
T Piston rod sleeve. The base of this sleeve, (as shewn in Fig. 1) is bolted to
the cover of the combustion chamber A. thence it extends through the intervening
boiler space, and out through the boiler cover. Upon the outside of the boiler
cover may be a screw-down-packed-seating shewn at U, which will form a tight
between the outside of the boiler cover, and the outside of the piston rod sleeve.
An internal recess shewu at V, may be turned in the end of the piston rod
sleeve, and this recess may be fitted up and packed as a gland for the piston rod;
W. Eduction, (or exhaust) ends of coil: pipes.
X shews position of foot-ring. For a further description of this ring, see
Fig. 2.
Y Shews position of valves through which the products of combustion exhaust
from the respective combustion chambers A. A, each into its respective coil pipe.
Z Ends of slide rods, operating exhaust valves, these valves may be either
slide, or mushroom, or of any other more suitable kind.
substantially shews my arrangement for giving my internal cylinders latteral
support. The central, or disc-ring, as shewn at 4. may be affixed to a cylinder
cover by drilling the holes in the disc-ring to correspond with the outer studs, or
bolts which hold the cylinder covers on; such studs, or bolts, must be of sufficient
length to take both the cylinder cover, and the disc-ring. Washers may be placed
between the cover of the combustion cylinder, and the disc-ring as otherwise the
disc-ring would insulate, and so impede the water from exerting a cooling influence
upon the cover of the combustion cylinder.
5 shews an outer ring, which I have named a foot-ring, this ring should be made
of brass, in order not to wear the shell of the boiler, against the inside of which.
it rests, by its vibratory motion. The foot-ring should, as shewn in the drawings,
have an oblique cut, to allow of its being tightly expanded against the inside of
the shell of the boiler.
To prevent the ends of the foot-rings slipping off their overlap, two, preferably,
brass, segmental plates, should be rivetted upon that end of the foot-ring, which.
forins the outside of the overlap.
This expanding joint arrangement is shewn at 8.

page_text: FIG. 6. SHEET 3.
shews a modification of my exhaust gas, separator, such may be operated upon
the crank shaft of the motor, or by means of multiplying intermediates, or in any
other suitable manner. Its principle is based upon the wide difference that exists:
in regard to the atomatic weight of different gases, by means of which I propose
to subordinate the property of gaseous diffusion, by the aid of centrifugal
force..
A. Hollow bearing, through which the exhaust gases from the motor,…,may, be
led into my rotary modification of an exhaust gas separator.
A. 1. Hollow eduction bearing.
B. B. Disc plates, made, preferably, of aluminium.
C. Baffle plate.
D. Hurling webs.
E. Rivet plates, for riveting the side discs together, and also for supporting the
bottom of the trough.
F. Trough. A, preferably, lead bar, may be fitted in the bottom of the trough,
underneath the encoiling, preferably steel wire.
66
G. Steel wire, in one length if possible, and what is commonly known as
galvanized" A smooth sole may be formed, by adhering a thin layer of hard
solder, over the outside of the wire the solder may then be trued up in a lathe..
There may be small holes as shewn at K in the disc-plates,, preferably, between
the rivet plates, through which the heavier, and now more, or less, separated inert,--
the uninflammable,-constituents of the exhaust, may be thrown out of the system
of the motor by centrifugal force.
H. Space, around the hollow eduction bearing, in which the lighter, and now
more, or less, separated inflammable constituents of the exhaust, are gathered by
reactionary or centripetal force: when by means of the space J, in the hollow
eduction bearing A. 1.-which space is connected by a pipe with the gas combustion
cylinder of the motor, the inflammable portion, which is now being wasted with
the exhaust from every form of gas engine,-may by "suction," produced by the
action of the piston, be reconveyed back to the combustion chamber, to be therein.
completely consumed.
Thus, by this one point alone, ensuring the Pinckney, motor a higher standard
of fuel economy, than has ever before been attained by any other form of heat
engine.
A better disposition of the heavier gases, than by means of the small holes
beforesaid, may be effected as follows:-
1. A pipe, which may pass along the centre of the hollow eduction bearing A. 1.
then bend at a right angle, the inside end of which should be somewhat enlarged,
and point in an opposite direction, to that of the direction of revolution.
This pipe being stationary, and the heavier gases being thrown from the centre.
of the wheel, by centrifugal force, the said heavier gases would be caused to rush
up the pipe, by that which I would term its scooping action, and thus be thrown
out of the Pinckney.
The same chemical, and materialistic agencies, as may be used with the
modification shewn at Fig. 5, Sheet 2, may, if necessary, also be adapted, and
used auxiliary with this modification.
The thick arrows, (hypotheticaly) shew the path taken by the heavy gases: and
the thin arrows, the path of the light inflammable gases.
It is possible to make germicides,-disinfectants,-fertalisers, and other pro-
ductions, by this novel process of separating the exhaust gases as described,.

page_text: although such methods are not, and cannot be claimed within the scope of this
present patent.
Fig. 6 18 a section, and Fig. 6ª,.18 a plan of Fig. 6.
End of Sheet 3.
MINOR MODIFICATIONS.
FIG. 7. SHEET 4.
Two pistons, upon one rod, the rod may be hollow as shewn by dotted lines, with
a water-way-slot in the centre. Fig. 7 is a plan.
Fig. 8. Tailrod modification of Fig. 7. Fig. 8 is a plan.
Fig. 9. Two pistons, coupled by my piston coupling bars. Fig. 94 is a plan.
Fig. 10. Tailrod modification of Fig. 9. Fig. 104, is a plan.

page_text: FIG. 16.
shows a boiler tube, having angular ridges and grooves, running spirally around
it outside; such tube being of the pattern which may be used in the construction,
of fire tube boilers. Fig. 16ª, is a section.

page_text: FIG. 18.
shews. a piece of boiler plate so treated that, it could be easily made to present
upon its water side more than twice the superficial area, which it presents upon, its
furnace Bide: thereby removing more than one half of the obstructive potentiality
which external conduction has hitherto presented to the passage of heat-motion
from the boiler plate into the water of the boiler.
substantially describe my spike pattern for convectionising.
Fig. 20, is a tube, which may be smooth upon its inside and spiked upon its
outside. Such tube being of the pattern which may be used in the construction of
fire tube boilers. Fig. 20, is a section.
Fig. 21, shews a tube which may be smooth upon its outside and spiked upon its
inside, such tube being of the pattern which may be used in the construction.of
water tube boilers. Fig. 21 is a section.
Fige. 22,, and 23, shew the pattern in equality last described as such pattern
would appear when applied to plates and castings.
My object ie, for the spikes to penetrate through the film of steam, which, more
or less, insulates the water from a heating surface, owing to the (steam) pressure
crushing the thereon forming steam globules one into the other aud to allow the
now unimpeded. heat-motion, to exercise its peculiar, and hitherto undervalued
property, of passing more rapidly, through sharp ridges and fine points than through
a smooth surface.
Further advantage may be gained by making, say the spikes, or other
inequalities of some suitable metal,- -or material, or alloy, possessing a higher
heat-conductivity than, say, steel, and to attach them to the plates, tubes, castings,
and other heating surfaces.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said' inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what: I

page_text: .
"
CLAIM 7.
Strengthening bolts, as hereinbefore substantially described, and shewn at I. I
Fig. 1. Sheet 1. affixed to a cylinder in the manner and for the specific purposes
herein substantially described.
CLAIM 9.
The use of distance pieces, as such are hereinbefore substantially described; in
conjunction with the first and second nut and cylinder, and boiler cover arrange- 80
ments, herein before substantially described, for those specific purposes herein before
substantially described.
CLAIM 10.
A cylinder fixing arrangement, as hereinbefore substantially described, and
shewn at Fig. 2. Sheet 1. and to apply them to any form of heat engine, and to all' 85
other purposes for which they may be applicable. My end arrangement as shewn
at letters A. B. and C. being specially covered by this claim.

page_text: "CLAIM 12.
The sole, and exclusive right, to construct receptacles, or retainers, in which to
store the gases which exhaust from gas-engines, and other internal combustion
motors, for the purpose of treating the said exhaust gases thus stored, by means of
5 my exhaust gas, separators, as hereinbefore substantially described.
CLAIM 14.
10 The sole, and exclusive right, to adapt my coupled pistons, as hereinbefore-
substantially described to the purpose of atmospheric air, and gas compressing, by
immersing the cylinder in cold water, and by causing cold water to pass through
the internal chamber formed by and between the coupled pistons before described.
CLAIM 16.
The sole, and exclusive right to use powdered,-granulated, or spherical pieces of
0 glass, or other vitreous equivalent, in connection with Pinckney motors, and other
heat-engines. Such may be used either alone, or encased in sheathing, or other
suitable support, or as an admixture with any plastic or other suitable material..
Its specific purpose being for heat-retaining purposes.
The sole, and exclusive right, to design, and construct, Pinckney motors of a
horizontal, vertical,-tandem, or any other pattern. And of a high pressure,-
compound or compound-condensing principle. For stationary purposes.
For
road, and railway traction. For river, and coasting craft. And especially for the
) propulsion of ocean going vessels.

page_text: CLAIM 20.
The sole and exclusive right, to adapt, design, make, and supply, all such, and
such, hereinbefore substantially described mechanical combinations, and devices,
and to use, and to grant license to use the same. With such processes, as are
hereinbefore substantially described. And to adopt any further expedients, 5
methods, and processes, for the further amplification, and improvement of such
mechanical combinations, and devices, and processes, as are hereinbefore
substantially described.
Dated this 11th day of September 1896.
.