matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND DISCHARGING BOILING SOAP, AND FOR DIVIDING THE SAME INTO BARS WHEN CONGEALED
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Cowburn at the. Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
March 1862.
I, THOMAS COWBURN, of the Safety Valve Works, Little Peter Street, in
the City of Manchester, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND DISCHARGING
BOILING SOAP, AND FOR DIVIDING THE SAME INTO BARS WHEN CONGEALED," to be
as follows:-
My improvements consist in raising boiling soap from the pan in which
it has been boiled to the required level by means of a vessel containing a self-
opening and closing valve to admit and discharge the boiling liquid, which
vessel is raised and lowered by a suitable friction hoisting apparatus driven
by a separate steam engine or otherwise, and consisting of a paper or other
bowl acting on a friction wheel, which is nearly surrounded by a break clip;
the barrel for the rope or chain is connected to the friction wheel, which is
brought in contact or moved out of contact with the paper or other bowl by
a lever. The vessel in which the boiling soap is raised has a valve opening
inwards when the vessel is raised to the proper level, a waggon or perambulator
running on rails is moved under it; this perambulator receives the vessel
when it has been lowered a short distance, and in lowering the spindle of
the valve coming against a projection opens the valve and allows the
boiling soap to be discharged into the moulds, as soon as the contents
of the vessel are discharged the hoist again raises the vessel a short distance

page_text: to allow the perambulator to be moved out of the way of the descending vessel
which is then lowered into the pan in which the soap has been boiled;
the valve in striking on the soap opens, and when the vessel is full it is
again hoisted as before, the valve closes by itself when the vessel rises out
of the pan.
My improvements in apparatus for dividing soap when congealed into
slabs, consists of a frame mounted on wheels with uprights to which the
cutting wires are attached at intervals according to the thickness of the slabs
required; by moving the frame to and fro the wires are made to cut the mass
or slabs of soap to the thickness of the bars. In cutting the slabs into bars
I make use of endless bands or chains on to which the slabs are placed;
these bands or chains draw the slabs against vertical wires which separate
them into bars.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RECTILINEAL KNITTING FRAMES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edouard Tailbouis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th May
1862.
I, EDOUARD TAILBOUIS, Merchant, of 2, Rue Ste. Appoline, Paris, France,
and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, do hereby declare the nature of
my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN RECTILINEAL KNITTING FRAMES," to be as
follows, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in applying to rectilinear knitting frames a
mechanical arrangement, by which I obtain the required diminutions by the
same power as that for working the loom without hand work. The supporting
bars are placed under the needles at the taking up place, to form the meshes
with regularity, even with uneven or stiff threads. Until now the several
cams, excentrics, inclined planes, and other pieces are keyed on a shaft turning
without any lateral motion. These pieces cause the various mechanical agents
to perform the motions requisite for making a number of pieces of knitting
at the same time of a regular width, but when it is required to produce the.
diminution of those pieces, the weaver has to ungear the loom, and to work it
by hand. By my improved arrangement I have the shaft which carries the
cams, excentrics, and inclined planes longer than usual, so that by means of a
peculiar mechanical arrangement the shaft is enabled to receive a lateral
motion, which causes it to slide in its bearings; the different parts carried by
the shaft then act on the special agents, by which the diminution is effected

page_text: on each side of the different pieces of knitted fabric; the weaver having
only to take care that the threads do not break. The supporting bars in the
form of angle iron are fixed on the frame of the plates and are movable with
it. They are made to occupy a horizontal position when the said frame is
hooked on to its resting place before the taking up; these supporting bars
being placed under the needles prevent the latter from giving away under the
combined action of the lever and plate acting on the thread presented by the
conductors. This fixed position of the needles gives greater force to the action
of the lever and plate; by these means a very great regularity is obtained in
the length of the taken up meshes.
AN IMPROVED WOOL WASHING MACHINE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmond Pourpoint at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st July
1862.
I, EDMOND POURPOINT, of No. 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries, in the City
of Paris, in the Empire of France, Linen Draper, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED WOOL WASHING MACHINE," to be: as
follows:-
My improved machine is composed of a wooden framing on which is
suspended a basin pierced with holes, and four cast-iron brackets with copper
or brass bearings receive two shafts of square iron, but with the extremities
rounded so as to be placed on the bearings, these shafts carry two pullies,.one
fast and one loose, or a crank may be substituted where only hand power is
at command. The fixed pulley on each shaft causes the two shafts to work.
together by the aid of a cross band so that the movements of four hollow
copper arms, by which the wool is to be kept in agitation are opposed to each
other in such wise that the wool which is driven by the arms on the right is
pushed back by those on the left, and is thus uniformly kept thick in the
basin. Each end of these arms forms a curve so as to slide on the wool in
displacing it without however lifting it out of the water. These arms are of
hollow copper rather than of solid iron; firstly, that they may work more
lightly; secondly, that the wool may not be pressed or fulled; thirdly,
because the scouring which is usually effected with soda or acids would oxydise

page_text: iron and damage the wool. The four arms are bolted cross-wise two on each
shaft. The bottom of the said machine is of inoxydisable metal and is
pierced with small holes for the escape of the dirt from the wool, it is fixed
on two iron bars flat at the edge from end to end, and is supported by bolts
at each corner of the framing; a pipe is placed in the interior, and from it
pure water is poured on the wool and enters the basin, the water should rise
about twenty-four inches above the bottom, about eight inches being left
between the bottom, and the end of the arms in order that the dirt may issue
freely through the holes in the bottom, the wool floating in the upper part during
the beating. A cap is fitted on the framing to retain in the basin any wool
which might otherwise be thrown out during the working of the arms. The
machine is placed on a wooden basin or reservoir deep enough to hold about
sixteen inches of water, and receive the dirt from the wools. This reservoir may
be replaced by one in masonry. In using this machine in a watercourse the
reservoir of wood or masonry would be suppressed, and two would be adapted
side by side at the bottom of the copper basin. Lastly, a pipe is fitted to
this washing machine to permit any excess of water to escape, and serve at
the same time for exit of the dirt as it is deposited.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ELECTRIC TARGETS FOR RIFLE AND GUN PRACTICE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Newton Gisborne at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th April 1862.
I, FREDERIC NEWTON GISBORNE, of No. 3, Adelaide Place, London Bridge,
in the City of London, Engineer and Electrician, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ELECTRIC
TARGETS FOR RIFLE AND GUN PRACTICE," to be as follows:-
In lieu of the chemical decomposition recorder described in my Patent of
the Sixteenth day of May, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one,
No. 1246, I sometimes use a series of electro-magnets for the purpose of
printing or puncturing the paper diagram, and in order to do so effectually
I charge the style points with ink almost simultaneously, and by another
arrangement I cause the paper to change its position over the said styles and
thereby record correctly several shots on the same segment. I also use a disc
attached to my target, hammers, or balls, which moves excentrically when in
motion and thereby imparts a rubbing electric contact to a spring suitably
placed near it. I also combine permanent and electro-magnets to arrest and
release at pleasure the balls or hammers when they recoil. I also impart
motion to a slide or shutter in front of the diagram, by attaching thereto an
iron axis, so placed that when pivoted excentrically it will fly up or back
according to the position of the said axis to an electro-magnet. I also employ
the alternate action of electro-magnets between the target and firing stand,
which in effect are almost synchronous, and in accordance with the meaning
of those described in the Specification of my said Patent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING OR ATTACHING ARMOUR PLATES ON OR TO SHIPS OR VESSELS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Welch at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd May 1862.
I, HENRY WELCH, of Millwall, in the County of Middlesex, Carpenter,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SECURING OR ATTACHING ARMOUR PLATES ON OR TO SHIPS OR VESSELS," to
be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in securing or attaching armour plates on
or to ships or vessels, relates, first, to an improved mode of constructing the
hull of the vessel so that the plates may be secured to the sides of the vessel
without the use of bolts, screws, or other fastenings, which render it necessary
to pierce the plates with holes. By my improved plan, moreover, the armour
plates may be more conveniently and securely attached than when the sides
of the ship are constructed in the ordinary manner. To this end the hull or
shell of the ship or vessel is constructed of iron, and the side plates or skin of
the vessel at that part which is intended to be protected by armour, is con-
structed in such a manner that spaces are left between the plates which form
the shell. The edges of these places are bevilled inwards, so as to form a kind
of dovetailed joint.
The second part of the Invention relates to the mode of securing the
armour plates to the shell of the ship, and also to the contiguous plates,
so as to form a continuous and unbroken skin of armour. In order to
effect this object, a dovetail groove, corresponding to that in the shell of the
vessel, is planed out of the back of the armour plate, so that when the latter

page_text: is bent to the proper curve, and is brought to its place on the ship's side, the
two dovetails will be coincident. An alloy of copper, in a molten state, and
somewhat resembling gun metal, is then poured into the double dovetailed
groove, and will firmly hold the armour plate on the ship's side. In order to
secure two contiguous plates together by their edges, dovetailed grooves are
planed out of the edges of the contiguous plates, and when the two plates are
brought together, the double groove is filled up with the molten copper alloy,
and thus a secure joint is produced. Should a projectile succeed in piercing
the armour covering, the hole may be repaired by means of a plug of wrought
iron, which must be inserted into the hole, and secured therein by running the
alloy round it; of course, if the hole be jagged, the alloy will fill up all the
interstices, and will make the plate nearly as secure as before.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Barrett, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th April
1862.
I, STEPHEN BARRETT, Machinist, of Clifton Street, Finsbury, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in projectiles. In con-
structing projectiles according to my Invention, in order to obtain great
penetrating power when the projectile is opposed to iron or other hard sub-
stance, I form the projectile of cast steel, as shown in the accompanying
Diagram; the end of the projectile is somewhat smaller than the bore of the
cannon to allow for the coating, and it decreases in size towards its rear end.
Around the steel projectile a coating of lead or other substance is applied, part
of which may be inflammable so as to bring it up to the size of the bore; also,
which can be so attached as to follow in its rear after it is discharged. A series
of rings or shoulders are formed in the steel to keep the lead or other materials
in its place, when the projectile is discharged, and until it strikes the object,
when a portion will be detached, leaving the inflammable portion still adhering
to the projectile; the steel is hollowed from its rear end to about seven-
eighths of its length, when a shoulder is formed, and then a smaller bore or
hollow is carried to its extremity. In this hollow an iron plug, also with a
shoulder, is placed loosely to allow for the escape of compress'd air when
striking; fitting with the shoulder of the plug is placed a packing, and when

page_text: inserted in the hollow of the projectile, the smaller end of the plug projects
from the foremost orifice as shown by the dotted line in the accompanying
Drawing. If the projectiles are required for use against woodwork, they may
be formed of cast iron or wrought iron case-hardened in the place of cast
steel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRACTION ENGINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jesse Lee at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th February
1862.
I, JESSE LEE, of Church Gate, in the Borough of Leicester, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TRACTION ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in placing 'the axle on which the traction wheels of
the engine are mounted about the centre of the length of the boiler, so that
said boiler may be balanced across said axle, and one end of the boiler be
raised or lowered by a lever when going down or up hill, for the purpose of
keeping the boiler as near as may be level at such times.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN NECK-TIES, SCARFS, CRAVATS, AND COLLARS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Fletcher at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th March
1862.
I, HENRY FLETCHER, of 82, Wood Street, Cheapside, in the City of London,
Warehouseman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN NECK-TIES, SCARFS, CRAVATS, AND COLLARS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in attaching and combining permanently a collar to
a neck-tie, cravat, or scarf, instead of such articles being distinct and separate,
as at present practised, and applies to washing and other ties, cravats, or
scarfs, so that the collar and tie, cravat, and scarf can be washed together as
one article instead of separately, if necessary. By this Invention the collar
requires no band, but is Cimply sewn to the material which forms the tie,
cravat, or scarf, which serves as the band for the collar. Neck-ties, cravats,
scarfs, and collars thus combined are intended for ladies as well as gentlemen,
both young and old.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGES, AND IN THE MODE OF CHARGING SMALL-ARMS AND ORDNANCE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Haseltine at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th December
1862. A communication from abroad by John Winfield Bailey, of
Aurora, in the County of Dearborn, State of Indiana, United States of
America.
I, GEORGE HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," No. 12,
Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CARTRIDGES, AND IN THE MODE OF CHARGING SMALL-ARMS AND ORDNANCE,"
a communication from John Winfield Bailey, of Aurora, in the County of
Dearborn, State of Indiana, United States of America, to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in separating the powder or other
explosive substance of a cartridge or charge into two or more parts by means
of a disk or disks made of metal, hard wood, or other suitable material. The
disks are made to fit closely, thereby forming a complete separation of the
explosive material, with the exception of a central perforation through which
the fire is communicated from one part to another of the cartridge or charge.
When these disks are employed the separated portions of the charge
successively explode, and a perfect ignition of the powder is secured.
By constructing cartridges and preparing charges in the manner described
a greater range is obtained with a smaller amount of powder, and the danger
of bursting is greatly decreased.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TEA AND OTHER TRAYS FOR THE TABLE, AND IN URNS AND APPARATUS INTENDED TO BE USED THEREWITH
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th August
1862.
I, CHARLES CLARK, of 361, City Road, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TEA
AND OTHER TRAYS FOR THE TABLE, AND IN URNS AND APPARATUS INTENDED TO BE
USED THEREWITH," to be as follows (that is to say)
My Invention consists in making trays for the table with a centre piece, in
or upon which the urn or other apparatus for making and containing the tea,
coffee, or other beverage is mounted or fitted, and with a moveable or rotating
plate, upon which the tea, coffee, and other services are placed, so as to be
filled from the urn as they move or revolve therewith. The said plate or
tray with its contents can then be moved at pleasure for serving purposes.
I
also use a single tray with runners attached to the under side for the same
purposes; or I make use of ordinary trays, and make them rotary or locomotive
on the same principle. I form the urn or apparatus to be fitted or mounted
upon the centre part of the tray (which centre part is raised so as to allow
the rotating tray with its contents to pass under the urn) externally, so that
it can be tipped or inclined when required; or I make it a fixture upon the
centre part, and raised or not; or mount it upon a side pedestal raised above the
rotating tray, or level therewith; and 1 form the said urn or apparatus internally
so as to receive and inclose the tea or coffee-making vessel. This vessel I con-

page_text: struct with an inner and outer cylinder; in the bottom of the latter there is
an aperture which fits over a collar at the end of the outlet to the urn tap,
and in the bottom of the inner cylinder I form a percolator, by placing a
coiled plate, the convolutions of which fill the aperture; above this percolator
I place a perforated plate moveable at pleasure, and through both this plate
and percolator I form a well-hole communicating with the space below in the
bottom of the outer cylinder; the upper part of this opening above the
perforated plate is closed by a small cap with a piece of silk or other filter
upon it. In making the tea or coffee the ingredients are placed in the inner
cylinder, and the boiling water is poured upon an inverted lid at the top, and
falls between the two cylinders, and rises through the percolator and the tea
or coffee into the inner cylinder, and thence through the cap last mentioned to
the tap of the urn. The cold air is prevented from contact with the cylinders
containing the liquid by the outer urn in which the vessel is enclosed, and thus
the heat is retained, and in making the tea or coffee it is unnecessary to heat
the apparatus in the first instance with hot water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF Locks, CATCHES, OR FASTENINGS FOR PURSES, BAGS, OR OTHER RECEPTACLES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Michaelis and Joseph
Rubino at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 20th December 1862.-A communication from abroad
by Gustav Luttringhaus, of the Firm of Gustav Luttringhaus and Co., of
Mulheim, on the Rhine.
We, JAMES MICHAELIS and JOSEPH RUBINO, of the Firm of Feis Michaelis
and Rubino, of 3, Tower Royal, Cannon Street West, in the City of London,
Merchants, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF Locks, CATCHES, OR FASTENINGS FOR PURSES, BAGS, OR
OTHER RECEPTACLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object a very simple arrangement of mechanism
for securing the parts when closed of purses, portmonnaies, bags, or other
similar receptacles, and we would here remark that this Invention is the same
as that for which Provisional Protection was granted to Edward Feis (since
deceased) on his application for a Patent, dated the 19th day of September
1862, No. 2578.
For the purpose of this Invention one of the sides or frames of a purse,
portmonnaie, bag, or other similar receptacle, is furnished with a fixed pro-
jection suitably formed for being securely held or retained by a spring catch
fixed on the opposite side or frame of the receptacle, which also carries a
sliding piece having a knob or projection passing through a slot in the frame
to the outside of the receptacle. By imparting movement to this knob or
projection on the outside of the bag or receptacle an incline or projection on

page_text: the sliding piece acts on the spring catch so as to release the fixed projection
on the opposite side, and thus allow the parts to open or separate. In place
of moving the sliding piece by a knob or projection from the outside, as
previously described, an opening or key hole may be left in the side or
frame of the receptacle, and a key or pin introduced for moving the sliding
piece.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BORING ENGINES, SUCH AS ARE USED FOR MINING PURPOSES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Gilchrist, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd October
1862.
I, JAMES GILCHRIST, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BORING ENGINES, SUCH AS ARE USED FOR MINING
PURPOSES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention of improvements in boring engines, such as are used for
mining purposes, has for object to obtain a more simple, convenient, and
efficient arrangement of the parts than has hitherto been adopted.
In one modification of the improved engine the principal parts are fitted
upon a framing, which, is by preference, mounted upon wheels. The parts
comprise a steam boiler, winding details with actuating cylinder or cylinders,
and a cylinder for imparting the required reciprocating motion to the boring
rods; this last-mentioned cylinder, which may be fixed or oscillating, is
disposed horizontally, and its piston rod actuates the vertical arm of a bell-
crank lever centred on a fulcrum or on journals at a higher level than that
of the cylinder, and having its other arm projecting horizontally outwards over
the bore, and being connected to the boring rods. The steam may have
access to both sides of the piston, its action on both sides or on one side only
being regulated by a suitable valve actuated by hand or by the movement of
the piston rod itself; or the steam may be allowed access to only one side of
the piston. The arms of the bell-crank- lever need not in all cases be at right

page_text: angles to each other, but may in some cases be arranged to suit a diagonal or
inclined position of the actuating steam cylinder. When the boring rods
have to be drawn out of the bore, the bell-crank lever may be disconnected
and turned out of the way.
AN IMPROVED PROTECTIVE COVERING FOR AGRICULTURAL OR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Malins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th June
1862.
I, WILLIAM MALINS, of Pershore, in the County of Worcester, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROTECTIVE COVERING
FOR AGRICULTURAL OR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows (that is to
say):-
My Invention has reference to the construction and employment of a
metallic roof or covering for protecting stacks of hay, corn, or otherwise from
the rain, as also in enabling the same to be advantageously employed in
affording a temporary shelter when required for similar purposes, and consists
in the employment of sheets of plain or corrugated zinc or galvanized iron in
lieu of thatch or canvas as at present, the said metallic covering being formed
and firmly held together by. bolts and screws through the medium of an
adjustable framing, by which a more convenient and serviceable shelter is
obtained than hitherto, admitting of being readily stowed away without in-
jury to the same by damp, mildew, or otherwise.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PRINTING SURFACES OF WOOLLEN, MOHAIR, COTTON, AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Hoyle at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th September
1862.
I, ROBERT HOYLE, of Newchurch, in the County of Lancaster, Woollen
Printer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PRINTING SURFACES OF WOOLLEN, MOHAIR,
COTTON, AND OTHER FABRICS," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in the novel adaptation and arrangement of machinery
for printing woollen fabrics, such as "rugs" and other similar articles, the
description of machine being shewn in the Drawing attached, in which a, a,
is the framing of the machine, b, the color roller, and c, the printing cylinder
made adjustable by means of the screws d, d. The color is supplied from
the trough e by means of the endless cloth f, and the machine may be set in
motion by means of the handle g, or by steam power.
AN IMPROVED PESSARY
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Felix Miquel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
June 1862.
I, JEAN FELIX MIQUEL, Doctor, of Tours, in the Department of Indre et
Loire, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED PESSARY," to be as follows:-
My improved pessary is composed of caoutchouc or other elastic substance.
It is oblong and varies in length from two to five inches, it is larger in the middle
than at its extremities, which are cut straight, their edges and all the edges of
the pessary being rounded, the thickness also varies between about half an
inch and one inch. The centre of the pessary is pierced with an elliptic hole
varying in diameter according to the state of the parts which it is to lift and
fix, and each extremity is furnished with a handle of strong silken thread, the
length of which will vary from seven to eight inches. This retentive apparatus
is introduced by one of its extremities into the vagina, towards one of the
sides, and the other is pushed against the opposite side so that it rests in front
of the ischium. While it is thus held the handle of the cord fixed on the
extremity first introduced is pulled, and when that which was last introduced
appears sufficiently arched the finger is pressed on the centre of the pessary,
and whoever is intrusted with the application pulls the silken handles
simultaneously to establish as much as possible the parallelism of the two
extremities of the pessary. The result of this adjustment is that the pessary

page_text: forms an arch, the two fulcrums or supports of which are the ischium, which
gives to this means of retention a force increasing with the efforts made by
the person using it; it may be easily withdrawn and reinserted for purposes of
cleanliness, and forms a retentive agent, causing very little inconvenience
and always efficacious.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROPE WHEELS FOR MINES, COLLIERIES, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bryan Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd July
1862.
I, BRYAN JOHNSON, of the City of Chester, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROPE WHEELS FOR MINES,
COLLIERIES, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to afford the means of a ready adjustment of
the length of the winding rope between the rope wheel and the cage or article
to which it is attached. On the shaft of the rope wheel I fix a boss in two
parts, each having a flange on the outside, so as to form between them a
circular groove, into which is fitted the rope wheel in such manner that it may
be turned upon the boss when required, and afterwards bolted to the side
flanges by bolts. In the side flanges I drill, in a circle of a given diameter, a
number of holes, and in the solid part of the rope wheel around the boss I
drill in a circle of the same diameter, one, two, three, or more holes more
than there are in the side flanges so that the bolts employed for holding the
wheel and boss together can be passed into different holes and thereby obtain
a very delicate adjustment of the length of the rope. Thus when there is one
hole more in the rope wheel than in the flanges, if two bolts have been passed
through two sets of holes opposite each other and then withdrawn so that the
rope wheel can be turned to allow them to be passed through the next set of
holes the winding rope will be shortened a distance proportionate to a fractional

page_text: part only of the circumferential distance between the holes, and if the rope
wheel be turned to the next following set of holes another fractional part will be
added, and so on, the different numbers of the holes producing an effect similar
to the use of the vernier in philosophical instruments. When the boss consists
of one part only the rope wheel is to be formed of two parts in order to place
it between the flanges, or the plan may be varied by having the wheel of one
piece and one of the flanges moveable.
In another arrangement for the purpose of shifting the rope wheel to
fractional distances I employ a ratchet wheel and catches or have ratchet teeth
and catches either on the boss or the wheel.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN IRON FRAMING APPLICABLE TO SUPPORTING COVERINGS OR SURFACES INTENDED TO RESIST BLOWS OR PRESSURE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles de Bergue at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th May
1862.
I, CHARLES DE BERGUE, of Strangeways Works, Manchester, in the County
of Lancashire, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN IRON FRAMING APPLICABLE TO SUPPORTING COVERINGS OR SURFACES
INTENDED TO RESIST BLOWS OR PRESSURE," to be as follows:-
My Invention embraces the constructing iron framework of two series of
ribs or beams, one series of them shaped and applied to give the desired
sections or form in one direction, and others shaped and applied crossways to
the first series to give the desired sections or form in a cross direction, and the
two series being rivetted or connected together, and further strengthened by
struts, or ties, or bars applied in a direction at right angles or nearly so to
both sides of beams, and rivetted or connected to both, and fitted, where
necessary, with filling up or bedding pieces for affording additional support to
the intended coverings or surfaces. . A form or description of beams which I
consider suitable for the purpose, is as follows; that is to say, I construct
them with flanges or returns, which by the disposition above set forth afford
at the positions where the beams cross convenient surfaces for rivetting or
connecting the two series of beams together; the form or forms also generally
affording convenient surfaces for rivetting or connecting to the beams the
struts or ties, or bars, as above set forth. These beams may consist of channel

page_text: or gutter-shaped iron, being either so rolled or bent to present a flat surface,
and two returns at right angles; or they may be constructed of pieces
rivetted together to the required form in manner similar to plate-iron girders,
with or without the interposition of angle or T-iron; or instead of the beams
being channel or gutter-shaped, they may be step or Z-shaped, or otherwise
shaped to present the desired flanges for connection, and in any case may
either be so rolled or made up to shape, as above explained; or they may be
simply flat plates or bars..
In illustration of my Invention I would remark that I purpose constructing
armour-plated vessels with a triple or compound skin applied externally upon
framing as above set forth; the said skin consisting of two thicknesses of
armour plates, with solid timber filling applied between the two. The inner
metal portion of the skin may be rivetted to the framing, and the outer metal
portion may be bolted to the framing through the wood and the inner metal
portion.
It is evident that the same description of framework is applicable to the
construction of dock gates, the bottoms of floating docks, the cradlings for
foundations or piers of bridges, the flooring of warehouses, and other coverings
or surfaces intended to resist weight or pressure.
AN IM- PROVED METHOD OF PREPARING JELLIES AND JAMS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Amand Lesage at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
December 1862.
I, LOUIS AMAND LESAGE, of 2, Rue Sainte Appoline, Paris, France,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "AN IM-
PROVED METHOD OF PREPARING JELLIES AND JAMS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in solidifying fruit jellies and jams by means of apple
juice, in moulds. I prefer using the juice of the apple called in French
pigeonnet, although other kinds will answer the purpose. The jellies and
jams thus made can be differently colored and perfumed with the required
aroma, and are made in moulds of any suitable material, which may
have separations in order that the same jelly may receive different flavors
& colors. The quantity of apple juice to be employed varies with the kind of
fruit to be made up, but must be sufficient to solidify the mass. When these
jellies or jams have solidified in the moulds, they are drawn out and served
without the moulds. In this way a new dessert is obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BONNET AND CAP FRONTS AND SIMILAR FABRICS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Wheatcroft at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th January
1862.
I, HENRY WHEATCROFT, of 27, Fore Street, City of London, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF BONNET AND CAP FRONTS AND SIMILAR FABRICS," to be as
follows, that is to say:-
My Invention relates to that part of the manufacture of cap and bonnet
fronts called the banding machinery, and more particularly to machinery for
banding singles, and consists of a bed or plate mounted upon a suitable franie.
The plate is formed corrugated or triangular on the surface, so as to present
two ridges. The under part of the plate is heated with gas in the usual way,
on the upper surface of the triangular faces of the plate and parallel to them
are laid two small rectangular slips hinged so that when lying on the angular
faces of the plate they form a V opening, but when they are raised horizontally
the opening is closed. I effect this opening and closing of the slips by means
of a lever, or a slot link, or by dumb scissors motion, or such like. Mounted
on the frame of the plate is a cradle within which is suspended the ordinary
formed box for holding the front when about to be inserted in the band, and
then so placed that when it is brought down on the plate it will insert the
projecting portion of the material centrically within the opening or groove
formed by the slip, within which is inserted the wetted band to hold the

page_text: rouching. The opening is then closed by acting upon the slips, so as to
elevate their lower ends, and the front is enclosed by the net band, and nipped
by the pressure of the slips, and by means of the heat is caused to adhere to
it. Another pair of slips are placed so as to form a similar groove on the
other side of the plate, having a similar cradle supported over it, or the same 5
cradle may be carried over it, and while the one cap front is being finished in
the heated groove, the operation of inserting another in the other groove is
going on.
THE PROTECTION AND SOLIDIFICATION OF MAGNESIAN LIMESTONE AND OTHER STONES, AND FOR THE PREVENTION OF THE PASSAGE OF WATER THROUGH THE SAME
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Trimen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th April
1862.
I, ANDREW TRIMEN, of 9, Adam Street, Adelphi, London, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE
PROTECTION AND SOLIDIFICATION OF MAGNESIAN LIMESTONE AND OTHER STONES, AND
FOR THE PREVENTION OF THE PASSAGE OF WATER THROUGH THE SAME," to be as
follows:-
Dissolving lac in naptha or spirits, reducing same to a fluid state, filling the
pores, & coating the surface of the stone.
AN IMPROVED PROPELLER FOR BOATS AND SHIPS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elie Jean Marie Le Bréton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th September 1862.
J, ELIE JEAN MARIE LE BRÉTON, of Neuilly-sur-Seine, near Paris, in the
French Empire, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED PROPELLER FOR BOATS AND SHIPS," to be as follows:-
My propeller may be worked by manual labor, steam engine, or other
power, and may be fitted to any part of a boat or ship, and two propellers, one
fitted at the stern to push, and the other at the bow to pull, may be advanta-
geously worked together. The propeller itself consists of two flaps, hinged to
an upright in such manner as to expand and expose the whole surface of the
flaps when being driven in one direction, and to collapse and afford little
resistance on being drawn or driven in the reverse direction. The upright to
which the flaps are hinged is connected to rails protruded horizontally from
the boat or ship, on which it is free to travel to and fro. The upright is
prolonged upwards for the reception of a shaft to which to-and-fro motions are
communicated by hand, steam engine, or other power. The upright is capable
of oscillation, for the purpose of causing the propeller to steer as well as
propel.
A NEW OR IMPROVED FIRE-LIGHTER
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Helme at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th January
1862.
I, WILLIAM HELME, of Caldbeck, in the Duchy of Cumberland, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for " A NEW OR IMPROVED FIRE-LIGHTER,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention bas for its object the construction of a new description of
"fire-lighter" for kindling fires in stoves and other places from the waste
blocks of wood, out of which a number of cylinders for forming bobbins, reels,.
spools, or other articles, have been previously cut, and which blocks are either
of a square, polygonal, or cylindrical form. I firstly cut out the cylinders for
forming bobbins, reels, spools, or other articles from these blocks in such a.
manner that the whole of the remaining portion of the block shall remain
connected together, thus forming a skeleton block, instead of forming a number
of disconnected waste pieces as was heretofore the case through the cylinders.
being cut out in close contiguity; I then prepare such skeleton. blocks
for forming fire-lighters by either simply dipping one end, or any other part
of the said block into molten resin, or other suitable inflammable material;
or I more or less fill the holes resulting from the extraction of the cylinders
as before mentioned with resin, pitch, or other suitable inflammable substance,
or with shavings steeped in molten resin, or other suitable inflammable
substance; or I fix longitudinally in each of the before-mentioned holes of
the blocks one or more thin strips of wood, which may or may not have

page_text: previously been steeped in resin, or other suitable inflammable substance.
When the skeleton blocks are above a certain length I first cut them up
transversely into several short lengths or discs, and these I turn slightly round
one upon the other, so that the edges of the holes in one disc project slightly
over the holes in the next piece or disc, and so on; I then fasten as many
of these pieces or discs together as are required for forming one "fire-lighter,"
by means of a pin or pins of wood, iron, or other suitable material passing
through them, and keeping them in the before described relative position,
whereby the flame catching against the edges of the before described holes,
the fire-lighter is more easily and rapidly ignited. To accelerate its com-
bustion I steep one end or any other portion of the combined block into molten
resin, pitch, or other inflammable material.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING RIFLED CANNON AND FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wright Gardner Treeby
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th January 1862.
I, THOMAS WRIGHT GARDNER TREEBY, of 1, Westbourne Terrace Villas,
Paddington, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR
PRODUCING RIFLED CANNON AND FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in rifling cannon and fire-
arms so that they can be produced at a less cost than they are under the
present system, and with greater precision. In casting cannon I produce the
rifling in the following way:-The gun is cast on a hollow tube of the same
twist and form as the rifling may be required. To prevent the tube being
injured, I send water through it, so that the rifling may be perfect. The
tube may be removed or allowed to remain in the gun, and which would form
an excellent casing, as the internal and external are of the same form. If
breech-loaders, I pass a bolt at right angles through the rifling at the breech;
if muzzle-loaders, I stop the breech by a plug.
The other part of my Invention is a rifling machine. I have a rod or tube
similar to the one before named; by this application I produce a direct action,
which is a great improvement over the old machines now in use. The cannon
are annealed in the usual way. I do not confine myself to any material. The
great advantage of my Invention of casting cannon is in producing perfect
smoothness of bore and rifling at the same time the gun is being cast.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE BORING AND WINDING ENGINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Barclay at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
September 1862.
I, ANDREW BARCLAY, of Kilmarnock, in the County of Ayr, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE BORING AND WINDING ENGINES," to be as follows, that is
to say:-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of boring and
winding engines, which are also arranged to be self-propelling. Under one
modification, the boiler of the engine forms the framing, or it may be carried
on a rectangular framing in the ordinary way. The boiler is of the horizontal
tubular class, and on the upper part is arranged a pair of standards which
carry a horizontal shaft forming the axis of a beam; one end of this beam is
connected to the piston rods of a pair of vertical cylinders placed on the upper
part of the boiler at one end. The other end of the beam overhangs the end
of the engine, and to this free extremity are attached the boring rods and tool.
A horizontal cylinder is arranged parallel with the boiler on each side; the
piston rods of these cylinders are connected to a crank shaft extending across
the boiler. A pinion on the crank shaft drives a spur wheel on a shaft fitted
between the beam standards, and carrying the winding barrel; this pinion
slides to and fro on a feather, so that the winding barrel may be readily
thrown into or out of gear by means of a coupling and hand lever. The

page_text: crank shaft also carries a pinion or spur wheel at each end, which gears with
an annular wheel formed inside each of the main or driving wheels of the
engine, so that by putting these pinions into gear with the bearing wheels
the engine becomes a traction engine. The engine is guided from the rear
by means of a hand wheel arranged on a horizontal shaft extending beneath
the boiler; this shaft carries at its extremity a worm which gears with a
worm wheel connected by a central T-shaped connecting piece to the axle of
the trailing wheels. The details of the engine may be variously arranged;
the winding barrels may be fitted at either end of the engine, and, if preferred,
arranged lower down; the funnel may also be fitted to serve as the standard 1
for carrying the overhanging beam.
Another mode of fitting this engine is to drive the crank shaft from a pair
of right-angled cylinders arranged at the side of the framing. The boiler is
preferred to be of the vertical class, and the funnel sorving as the beam
standard. A pinion on the crank shaft gives motion to the winding barrel, and 1
on the same shaft are pinions for driving the bearing wheels. This engine is
guided by a hand wheel and worm arrangement for turning the leading
wheels. These improvements greatly extend the utility of engines adapted
for boring, winding, and other generally similar purposes.