IM- PROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS OR GENERATORS AND IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING WATER
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frank Norton, of Beeston, in the County of
Nottingham, Engineer, and John Storey Davies, of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Merchant, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS OR GENERATORS AND IN APPARATUS FOR
HEATING WATER.”
.
Sealed the 30th June 1871, and dated the 7th January 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frank Norton and John
Storey Davies at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 7th January 1871.
We, FRANK NORTON, of Beeston, in the County of Nottingham,
Engineer, and JOHN STOREY DAVIES, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS OR GENERATORS AND IN APPARATUS
FOR HEATING WATER," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates in the first place to steam generators wherein
horizontal or nearly horizontal water tubes are employed, and more par-
ticularly to means for connecting together the said tubes and for pro-
moting the circulation of water through the said tubes.

page_text: In one arrangement the said tubes are connected by each end to two
water chambers which may be made of cast iron, each chamber being
formed with a vertical partition, which partition seperates the ascending
from the descending currents of water. One end of each tube is formed
of a conical shape or is fitted with a conical shaped terminating piece,
and a correspondingly conical shaped orifice is formed in the water
chamber at the required place of connection, the said conical end and
orifice being suitably turned and bored to fit together, so that when
the said end is introduced into the said orifice, and drawn or forced
thereinto by means of a nut or bolt, or of nuts or bolts, or by other
suitable means a sufficiently tight joint is formed.. The end of the
said tube is closed with a cap which can be removed in order that the
said tube may be cleansed. A passage for water is formed in the conical
end of the said tube which communicates with one of the divisions of
the said water chamber. The other end of the said tube may be con-
nected with the other water chamber by means of a pipe of a lesser
diameter than the main tube, which pipe passes through an orifice in
the said water chamber, and is connected with the said chamber by a
double, elbow and return pipe, the said elbow being preferably fitted
with removeable caps, or the said pipe may be fitted with an elbow
piece which is turned to fit against the interior surface of a bored orifice
formed in the said chamber, the said elbow piece being forced into
close contact with the said interior surface by a pair of folding wedges
drawn together by means of a bolt or of a single wedge or a screw and nut,
or other similar means may be used in lieu of the said folding wedges.
A passage for water is formed in the shell of the said orifice which
passage coincides with a passage formed in the said elbow piece.
1
i
One of these last described methods of connection may be used for
the other end of the said tube in lieu of the afore-described conical
joint, but we prefer to use the said conical joint for one' end of the
said tube. The passages for water formed at both ends of the said tube
are so situated as that the water shall enter the lower portion of the
said tube, the exit passage being at the upper part of the said tube, the
inlet passage opening into a division of one of the water chambers con-
taining a descending current of water, and the said exit passage into
a division containing an ascending current. The said passages are so
arranged as that the water flows in one direction through a portion of
the tubes, and in a reverse direction through the remaining portion
thereof.

page_text: In another arrangement one of the said water chambers is not provided.
with a partition, the descending current being conveyed to the lower
part of the said chamber by means of a pipe or of pipes not exposed:
to the direct action of the fire, the current flowing through the water
tubes in one direction only.
In another arrangement each of the said two water chambers is
formed without a partition, and the ascending current of water is con-
veyed to all the tubes in a vertical row by means of a connecting pipe
which is in communication with the lower part of the said chamber
and through short pipes with the said tubes, so that water flowing into
the said connecting pipe has admission from thence into' all the tubes
in the said vertical row. In this example the water circulates through
a portion of the vertical rows of tubes in one direction and through the
remaining portion in the contrary direction.
This last-described arrangement we consider to be suitable for employ-
ment in portable engines. When so employed we so form the water
chambers as that they may constitute the framing of the engine, the
cylinder and valve boxes being bolted to the said chambers and con-
necting the said chambers together, the said chambers also sustaining
the other parts of the machinery. We prefer to form the top and
bottom of the flue containing the water tubes of slabs formed of fire-
clay, which slabs are connected together by means of bolts of sufficient
length to extend throughout the ro' or series of slabs to be united.
r
In another arrangement the water flows through all the tubes in
one direction into a water chamber and descends from the upper part
of the said chamber through a pipe or through pipes into a horizontal
or nearly horizontal pipe or chamber, from which the water is con-
veyed through a seperate connecting pipe to the inlet end of each water
tube. Each connecting pipe which conveys water to an upper tube
in each vertical row is so formed as that it may not interfere with the
short horizontal pipes projecting from the lower tubes, through which
pipes the water is conveyed from the said connecting pipes to the water
tubes. The lower end of cach connecting pipe is or may be formed
with an eye or orifice, so that when the orifices in all the connecting
pipes for each vertical row of water tubes are made to coincide with
a suitably formed opening in the aforesaid horizontal pipe or chamber,
and the whole are bolted together and to the said horizontal pipe a
communication between the said horizontal pipe and the whole of the
:

page_text: connecting pipes is established.
A removeable cap closes the outer
end of the passage formed by the coincidence of the orifices as aforesaid,
and removeable caps are also fitted on the elbows formed by the
connection of the upper ends of the said connecting pipes with the
horizontal pipes.
A further portion of our Invention relates to the troughs which are
sometimes introduced into the horizontal water tubes of steam generators
in order to collect the sediment, and consists in dividing the said troughs
into a number of compartments by means of partitions which to some
extent prevent the circulating water from washing out the collected
sediment.
A further portion of our Invention relates to apparatus for heating
water by means of steam. The water to be heated is conveyed into a
chamber, within which a number of perforated buckets are mounted by
swivel joints to a wheel or to wheels, or to a chain or chains, or are
otherwise so mounted and actuated as that the said buckets shall dip into.
the said water in order to become filled, and that the said buckets shall
rise from out of the water, and shall allow their contents to fall in the
form of a shower of spray or of fine streams of water. The steam is.
admitted within the said chamber, and heats the water quickly by reason
of the subdivided state of the said water.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frank Norton and John Storey Davies in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 7th July 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, FRANK 2
NORTON, of Beeston, in the County of Nottingham, Engineer, and JOHN
STOREY DAVIES, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Merchant,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of January in the year 3
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Frank Norton and John Storey
Davies, Her special license that we, the said Frank Norton and John:
Storey Davies, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others, g

page_text: as we, the said Frank Norton and John Storey Davies, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM BOILERS OR GENERATORS AND IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING WATER," upon
the condition, amongst others, that we, the said Frank Norton and
John Storey Davies, by an instrument in writing under our hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Frank Norton and John Storey
Davies, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying
Drawings, that is to say :-
Our Invention relates in the first place to steam generators wherein
horizontal or nearly horizontal water tubes are employed, and more par-
ticularly to means for connecting together the said tubes and for
promoting the circulation of water through the said tubes.
In one arrangement the said tubes are connected by their ends to two
metal water chambers, each chamber being formed with a vertical
partition, which partition separates the ascending from the descending
currents of water. One end of each tube is formed of a conical shape
or is fitted with a conical shaped terminating piece and a correspondingly
conical shaped orifice is formed in the water chamber at the required
place of connection, the said conical end and orifice being suitably turned
and bored to fit together so that when the said end is introduced into
the said orifice and drawn or forced thereinto by means of a nut or bolt,
or of nuts or bolts, or by other suitable means a sufficiently tight joint is
formed. The end of the said tube is closed by a cap which can be
removed in order that the said tube may be cleansed. A passage for
water is formed in the conical end of the said tube which communicates
with one of the divisions of the said water chamber. The other
end of the. said tube is connected with the other water chamber by

page_text: means of a pipe of a lesser diameter than the main tube, which pipe
passes through an orifice in the said water chamber and is connected
with the said chamber by a double elbow and return pipe, the said elbow
being preferably fitted with removable caps, or the said pipe may be
fitted with an elbow piece which is turned to fit against the interior
surface of a bored orifice formed in the said chamber, the said elbow
piece being forced into close contact with the said interior surface by a
pair of folding wedges drawn, together by means of a bolt or a single`
wedge, or a screw and nut or other similar means may be used in licu
of the said folding wedges. A passage for water is formed in the shell
of the said orifice, which passage coincides with a passage formed in the
said elbow piece.
In another arrangement one of the said water chambers is not pro-
vided with a partition, the descending current being conveyed to the
lower part of the said chamber by, means of a pipe or of pipes not
exposed to the direct action of the fire the current flowing through the
water tubes in one direction only..
In another arrangement each of the said two water chambers is
formed without a partition and the ascending current of water is
conveyed to all the tubes in a vertical row by means of a connecting
pipe which is in communication with the lower part of the said chamber
and through short pipes with the said tubes so that water flowing into
the said connecting pipe has admission from thence into all the tubes
in the said vertical row. This last described arrangement we consider to
be suitable for employment in portable engines.
In another arrangement the water flows through all the tubes in one
direction into a water chamber and descends from the upper part of the
said chamber through a pipe or through pipes into a horizontal pipe or
chamber from which the water is conveyed through a separate con-
necting pipe to the inlet end of each water tube.
A further portion of our Invention relates to the troughs which
are sometimes introduced into the horizontal water tubes of steam
generators in order to collect the sediment, and consists in dividing the
said troughs into a number of compartments by means of partitions
which to some extent prevent the circulating water from washing out
the collected sediment.
A further portion of our Invention relates to apparatus for heating
water by means of steam. The water to be heated is conveyed into a
:

page_text: chamber within which a number of perforated buckets are so mounted
and actuated as that they shall dip into the said water in order to
become filled and shall rise from out of the water and shall allow their
contents to fall in the form of a shower of spray or of fine streams of
water. The steam is admitted within the said chamber and heats the
water quickly by reason of the subdivided state of the said water.
In order that the Invention may be fully understood and be better
explained in detail, we have supplied five Shects of Drawings to
accompany this Specification, the said Drawings being marked with
letters of reference..
Referring in this place to Sheet 1 of the said Drawings, Fig. 1 repre-
sents a vertical section of a steam generator according with the arrange-
ment first herein-before mentioned, and Fig. 2 is a front elevation
thereof, the said Figures being drawn about one-twelfth of the full size.
In the said Figures each of the water tubes A, A, is fitted at one
extremity with a conical end which fits in a conical orifice formed
in one or the other of the two water chambers B, B. The said
chambers are in this example each formed of cast iron with a partition
or diaphragm b which separates the ascending from the descending
currents of water. The other extremity of each tube is connected by
the short pipes a, a, of lesser diameter than the main tube, and the elbow
picce c with one or the other of the said water chambers. The said
elbow piece is formed to fit on the said short pipes and is pressed against
collars formed thereon by means of caps which screw on the said pipes
and which can be removed when it is desirable to clear the passages
through the said pipes or to cleanse or clear out the main tube. The
conical end of the said tube is also fitted with a screwed cap which
may be removed for the same purpose, the said cap also acting as a nut
to draw the said conical end into its seat. One-half or thereabouts of
the number of tubes are connected by their conical ends to one of the
said water chambers, the other half or portion being similarly connected
to the other chamber, a passage being formed in the upper part of the
conical end of each tube communicating with the division of a water
chamber containing the ascending current, the other end of the said.
tube communicating with the division in the opposite water chamber
containing a descending current. This arrangement may however be.
reversed, in which case the water would enter each tube through a
passage formed in the lower part of the conical end and would pass
:

page_text: '
out through the pipe a which would be attached to the tube at a
point near the upper part thereof. It will be seen on inspection of
Fig. 1 that the water circulates to and fro from one water chamber to
the other, flowing in one direction through a portion of the tubes, and
in the contrary direction through the remaining tubes as indicated by
the arrows. The water descending in one chamber flows through the
short pipes a into a number of the tubes, and flowing through the said
tubes enters the opposite chamber, and ascending therein and flowing
over the partition 6 descends and returns through the remaining tubes
into the first-named chamber. The upper parts of the said water
chambers are connected with a steam chamber G which is provided with
the usual fittings. The generator is provided with a furnace or with
furnaces and is suitably mounted and enclosed with brickwork or is
otherwise enclosed.
Figures 3 to 11 (inclusive) represent modifications in the methods of
connecting the water tubes with the aforesaid water chambers. In
Figs. 3 and 4 an elbow dis attached to each end of the tube and the
mouth or face of the said elbow is turned or faced so as to fit against
the bored interior surface of an orifice extending through the water
chamber B. The action of a pair of folding wedges e when drawn
together by means of a bolt as represented forces the said elbow into tight
contact with the said interior surface, there being a passage for water
from the chamber into the said elbow and thence into the tube. This
connection may either be used for one end only or for both ends as
represented in the Drawing. In Figs. 5 and 6 an elbow pipe f screwed
into one end of the tube passes through a stuffing box formed in the
side of the chamber. At the other end of the tube a conical end is
formed on the said tube and a lock nut screwing on the said conical end
draws the said end into its seat. The said lock nut projects to some
extent from the end of the tube and a plugg is screwed into the
projecting part of the said nut and closes the opening into the said
tube. In Figs. 7, 8, and 9 a pipe h screwed into one end of the
tube passes through a stuffing box formed in the elbow i which is
screwed into the side of the water chamber. The gland of the said
stuffing box and a removable cap which closes an opening formed in the
elbow opposite to the passage through the pipe h are both tightened by
a screw clip represented at j, the ends of the clip embracing the said
gland and the screw acting on the said cap. Suitable packing or a
washer is employed to make a water-tight joint both in the case of the

page_text: gland and of the cap. A conical end is formed on the opposite extremity
of the tube, but it will be seen that the larger diameter of the conc is
outwards so that the said tube has to be passed through the conical holc
formed in the water chamber. An opening is formed in the said conical
end, the said opening being closed by means of the screwed plug k. A
bolt or screw acting on a bar or plate which bears against the conical
ends of two or more contiguous tubes as represented at Fig. 8 is
employed to force the said conical ends into their seats. In Figs. 10
and 11 an elbow pipe is screwed at one end into one extremity of the
tube and at the other end into a casting m which, when the said tube is
fixed in position is screwed or bolted to the side of the water chamber;
there being a passage for water from the said chamber into and through
the said casting and elbow pipe and into the tube as represented by
the arrows.
In the generator illustrated by Fig. 12 the water chamber D is not
provided with a partition and contains only an ascending current of
water. The water flowing from the said chamber through the tubes in
the direction of the arrows enters one of the divisions of the chamber B,
and ascending flows over the partition and descends through the other
division and is conveyed to the lower part of the chamber D by a side
pipe or by pipes, one of which is shewn in dotted lines at n. In this
example the joints between the elbow pieces d and the interior surfaces
of the orifices in the chambers are tightened by means of the screws o,
which work in nuts abutting against portions of the said surfaces as
represented. In Fig. 13 is given an example of a water heating
apparatus suitable to be employed for warming the air of buildings or
conservatories: The said apparatus consists of two water chambers B, D,
connected together by the tubes A, A. The joints between the said.
tubes and chambers are such as herein-before described when referring
to Figs. 3 and 4, but any other suitable joint or joints may be selected
from those illustrated in the Drawings. The water enters the heater
at the lower end of the chamber d, and flowing through the tubes into
the chamber B is conveyed from the upper part thereof to the range or
ranges of hot water pipes. In this example the tubes are represented
as being inclined, this arrangement being also applicable in the case of
the example last described.
a
In Sheet 2, Fig. 14 represents a sectional clevation of a range of four
marine boilers; Fig. 15 is a front clevation of a pair of tho said boilers.;

page_text: and Fig. 16 is a side elevation of one boiler. In this example each.
boiler consists mainly of two water chambers B and D connected
together by the water tubes A, A. Each of the said tubes is fitted or
formed at one extremity with a conical end, which is seated in the
chamber B, the other extremity of the tube being connected with the
chamber D: by an elbow pipe. Any suitable method or methods of con-
necting the ends of the said tube with the water chambers selected
from those herein-before described may be employed in the construction.
of the said marine boilers. The water in: this example flows in one
direction through the tubes from the chamber D into the chamber B
and returns through the side pipes x, x, shewn in Fig. 16 to the said
chamber.D. The said pipes are situated without the furnaces and are
therefore not exposed to the direct heat thereof, and are represented as
being connected with the water chambers by means of stuffing boxes..
A number of tubes y, y, to contain steam and to act as superhcaters are
cach connected by one end with the chamber B.
'
The other arrangements in connection with the said boilers will be
understood by an inspection of the Drawings. Fig. 17 is a sectional
clevation; and Fig. 18 a front elevation of a steam generator differing
In this example
in some respects from any previously herein described.
the water. chambers are connected together by the water tubes with
conical ends and elbow pipes, and by the diagonal pipes p, p, through which
the descending currents are conveyed. Superheating tubes 3, y, are.
cach fixed by one end to the chamber B, and there is a passage for
steam to flow into the said tubes. Each of the said tubes contains an
inner tube which is connected by one end to the steam chamber G, the
arrangement being such as that all the steam generated has to flow.
through the tubes y, y, and through the said inner tubes before entering
the said steam chamber. Sediment collectors formed with the herein-
before mentioned vertical partitions are shewn within the water tubes
in Fig. 17...
÷
In Sheet 3, Fig. 19 represents a sectional elevation; and Fig. 20 a
cross section of the principal parts of a portable combined engine and
boiler. In this example two water chambers B, B, are employed and
the water tubes are arranged in vertical rows, the water flowing through
all the tubes in one vertical row in the same direction. Each tube in
cach one of the said rows is formed with a conical end, by means of
which it is attached to and communicates, with one of the said chambers,

page_text: 4
the other end of the said tube being fitted with a pipe q.which passes
through a vertical connecting pipe which is fixed to the chamber and
establishes a communication for the passage of water from the lower
part of the said chamber into the whole of the tubes in the said row.
Each pipe q has an opening into the pipe r, and is screwed at its outer
end to receive a removable cap s which acts as a nut to secure the said
pipe to the pipe r, and, at the same time closes the opening at the end
of the pipe. The connecting pipe for each alternate vertical row of
tubes is attached to one water chamber, the pipes for the intermediate
rows being attached to the other chamber and being therefore situated
at the opposite side of the boiler. The water flows from the lower
part of one chamber through the connecting pipes and through the
alternate rows of tubes into the other chamber, and descending to the
lower part thereof returns through the intermediate rows of tubes into
the first-named chamber. The said chambers are so formed as to con-
stitute the framing of the engine, the cylinders t, t, being bolted
between the flanches u cast on the said chambers and acting to connect
the said chambers together, the said chambers also sustaining the crank
shaft and other parts of the machinery. The crown of the furnace
and the top and bottom of the flue containing the water tubes are
formed of slabs v, v, formed of fire-clay which are connected together
by means of the bolts w, w, extending throughout the row of slabs
forming the said top or bottom as the case may be..
In Sheet 4, Fig. 21 represents a longitudinal section; Fig. 22 a front
view; and Fig. 23' a back view (the three Figures being in elevation)
of a steam generator, differing from those illustrated in the previous
Sheets in the method of obtaining a circulation of water. In this
example the conical ends of the water tubes are fixed in the water
chamber B, and the other ends of the said tubes are connected by short
pipes a, a, with the connecting pipes b, b, which are attached by their
lower ends to the large pipe c. Each of the pipes b, b, is formed at
cach end with an eye or orifice, which communicates with the passage
formed within the said pipe and extending from end to end, so that
when the lower ends of a set of pipes communicating with a vertical
row of tubes are bolted together and to a mouth or opening formed in
the pipe c, by means of the bolts d, d, a passage is formed for the flow
of water from the pipe c into all the pipes in the said set. The parts
coming into contact when the pipes are bolted together may be faced,.

page_text: or packing may be interposed as preferred. The said bolts pass through
a cross bar e which bears against a cap f which closes the opening
in the outside pipe, the said cap being capable of being readily
removed by unscrewing and removing the nuts on the said bolts. The
'orifice at the upper end of each connecting pipe embraces one of the
pipes a, a, and communicates therewith through an opening formed in
the lower side of the last-named pipe a cap g screwed on the end thereof
closing the opening in the said pipe and at the same time securing the
joint between the two pipes. In the case of the pipes communicating
with the upper rods, as for example in the case of the pipe 6', orifices are
formed at the required points in the said pipe to allow the pipes a, a,
attached to the tubes in the lower rows to pass the said connecting pipe,
the core or passage through the said pipe passing on each side of and
surrounding each of the said orifices.. The form of the said connecting
pipes may however may varied, as for example, the last-named orifices
may be dispensed with a pipe passing to the upper of the pipes a, a, on
one side of the lower of the said pipes. The effect of the arrangement
illustrated is that the water flowing through the tubes in the direction of
the arrows enters the chamber B and rising to the upper part thereof
descends through the side pipes h, h, to the pipe c from whence it rises
through separate connecting pipes to each tube in the generator. In
this example a variation in the method of closing the conical end of each
tube is represented. The said conical end is formed with a neck
surrounding the open mouth or entrance into the tube, and a cap j
formed with an annular groove to contain packing and to receive the
said neck is forced by means of bolts and cross bars or clips i, i, against
the said neck, thus closing the end of the tube. The improved dirt
collectors k, k, are represented in position in the tubes. The said
collectors are formed with vertical partitions 1, 1, acting as hercin
aforesaid.
We prefer to form the water chambers in all the foregoing examples
of cast iron, but wrought iron or wrought and cast iron combined or
other suitable metal or metals may be used as considered to be most
suitable and convenient.
Sheet 5 is illustrative of the portion of our Invention relating to the
heating of water by means of steam. Fig. 24 represents a cross section
and Fig. 25 a longitudinal section of an apparatus suitable for heating
the feed water fór our herein described steam generators or for heating

page_text: water for other purposes. A number of buckets m, m, are fitted or
formed with trunnions at each end which enter holes formed in the
wheels n, n, fixed to the shaft o, which shaft is mounted in bearings
formed in the casing, and is provided with a strap pulley p or with
suitable gearing by means of which it is caused to revolve. The said
buckets are perforated, and during the revolution of the said wheels are
successively filled with with water which flows in fine streams through the
perforations as the buckets are carried through the space over the water,
steam being admitted to the interior of the casing through one of the
ports r, r. The apparatus is provided with suitable means for admitting
and withdrawing water and is or may be fitted with a filter 8.
In Fig. 26 the said buckets are represented as mounted on endless
chains which are carried by the revolving chain wheels t,, t.
In Fig 27 the buckets are formed on the circumference of a revolving
wheel u.
Each of the said buckets is closed 'with the exception of an
opening at through which water enters to fill the bucket as it is
immersed, and of perforations through which the water percolates as
the wheel revolves, the result being similar to that of the previous
examples.
Having now described and illustrated the nature of our said Invention,
and means for carrying the same into practical effect, we would have it
to be distinctly understood that what we desire to claim as secured to us
by the herein-before mentioned Letters Patent is,-
First. The general arrangement and combination of parts of the
various apparatus for generating steam and heating water, substantially
as herein-before described and as illustrated in the first four Sheets of the
accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. The use of the conical joints between the tubes and the
water chambers and the joints illustrated in Figures 1 to 4, and the
variations of the said joints and the joints or connections employed in
conjunction with the aforesaid joints, substantially as herein-before
described and as illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly. The addition of the vertical partitions to dirt collectors;
substantially as and for the purposes herein-before set forth and as illus-
trated in the accompanying Drawings.
And, lastly. The apparatus for heating water by means of steam as
herein-before described and as illustrated in Sheet 5 of the accompanying

page_text: Drawings, or any mere modifications of the same apparatus wherein are
employed perforated buckets acting as herein aforesaid.
In witness whereof, we, the said Frank Norton and John Storey
Davies have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Sixth day of
July, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-one.
Signed and sealed by the said
Frank Norton and John Storey
Davies in the presence of
EDWARD K. DUTTON,
Agent for the Patentees,
3, Smithy Door,
Manchester.
FRANK NORTON. (L.S.)`
JNO. S. DAVIES. (L.S.)