A NEW COMBINATION OF PARTS FORMING AN IMPROVED FURNACE FOR CONSUMING SMOKE AND ECONOMIZING FUEL, APPLICABLE TO LOCOMOTIVE CAR- RIAGES, STEAM BOATS, AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1835

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
CHANTER, of Earl Street, Brackfriars, in the City of London, and of Upper
Stamford Street, in the County of Surrey, Esquire, and JOHN GRAY, of
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Second day of November, in the Sixth year of His reign, did,
for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said John
Chanter and John Gray, His especial licence that we, the said John Chanter
and John Gray, our exors, adññiors, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
John Chanter and John Gray, our exors, adiñiors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term
of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick upon Tweed, our
Invention of A NEW COMBINATION OF PARTS FORMING AN IMPROVED FURNACE
FOR CONSUMING SMOKE AND ECONOMIZING FUEL, APPLICABLE TO LOCOMOTIVE CAR-
RIAGES, STEAM BOATS, AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES;" in which said Letters Patent
is contained a proviso obliging us or one of us, the said John Chanter and
John Gray, by an instrument in writing under our or one of our hands and
seals, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of our said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be enrolled
in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by
the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
"

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the
said John Chanter and John Gray, do hereby declare the nature of our
said Invention to consist, as in the said Letters Patent is expressed, of a new
combination of parts forming an improved furnace for consuming smoke and
economizing fuel, applicable to locomotive carriages, steam boats, and other
useful purposes, by which combination of parts we construct an additional fire
grate, and are enabled to expose additional water surfaces to the action of heat,
and consequently to obtain an increase of steam without a corresponding
increase of fuel, and are also enabled to use a cheaper description of fuel than
that at present adapted under particular circumstances, as by the arrangement
herein-after described the smoke and other vapours arising from uncarbonized
fuel is subjected to ignition and reduced to a state of perfect combustion or
nearly so; and in further compliance with the said proviso, we, the said John
Chanter and John Gray, do hereby describe the manner in which our said
Invention is to be performed by the following statement thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
thoron that is to cov
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation longitudinally of the furnace or fire box as
applied to a locomotive engine, divided at the horizontal line A, A, in
Figure 4, herein-after mentioned. Fig. 2 is a transverse section, divided at the
vertical line B, B, Figure 1, and looking to the end of the fire box opposite
the fire doors H, I. Fig. 3 is a transverse section, divided at the vertical line
at C, C, Fig. 1, and looking in the direction of or towards the fire doors H, I.
Fig. 4 is a plan of the water chamber passing through the furnace, as herein-
after described, as shown at the lines D, D, Fig. 1. The Drawings are made
on a scale of one inch and a half to a foot, but we do not confine ourselves to
the precise dimensions or form of any of the parts. The same letters of
reference where used in different Figures refer to the same parts. E, F, Fig. 1,
is the furnace or fire box constructed by external and internal metallic cases
a, a, and b, b, in the mode usually adopted; c, c, being the water spaces
between the inner and the outer casings of the fire box. The interior of the
furnace or fire box is divided into two compartments E, F, by a water vessel
or chamber passing through the furnace, and formed partly of tubular channels
or hollow bars e, e, and partly by a water chamber d, d, and thus forming a
water way or communication from the water space at o, to the water space at p.
The hollow bars are constructed of any convenient number, and may be made

page_text: of greater with than depth where they emerge from the water chamber d, d,
and tapering in breadth towards the centre of the boiler, increase in depth
until their junction with the water spaces at o, as will be easily perceived and
understood by referring to e, c, Fig 1 and 4. We prefer them thus con-
structed for the purpose of equalizing the action of the fire, maintaining an equal
area throughout their length, and giving facility for driving the bolts or rivets
through tho side flanges which fix the bars to the casing of the fire box, as
shewn at f, f, Fig. 4. This peculiar form is, however, not essential to the
actual, and in some degree, beneficial working of the furnace, but it is the one
we prefer. The water chamber and bars is connected at its upper and lower
ends by flanges f,f,f,f, Fig 1 and 4, to the inner and outer casings of the
fire box, the rivits being passed, as shewn by the dotted lines 2, through hoops
or thimbles q, q, which may, for practical convenience, be cast or constructed
either separately in the usual manner or together, when they will form a solid
bearing against the tension of the rivits when passed through the two casings.
a, b, of the fire box, as shewn by the dotted lines at r; they also act as a stay
or support to the casings of the fire box, and they facilitate repairs, as the rivits
and the water chamber and bars may be easily removed and replaced at the
dead plate n (herein-after described) whenever it becomes necessary, without
disturbing the casings of the fire box.
The water chamber extends to within a short space to the two opposite sides
of the inner casing of the fire box, as shown at 9, 9, in Fig. 4, which method
of construction is adopted for the purpose of simplifying the manufacture. The
passage of smoke or gas from the lower fire or uncarbonized fuel herein-after
described between the sides of the water chamber and the sides of the fire box
is prevented by fixing a plate of iron on and to the water chamber d, d, extend-
ing as far as the division or determination of that chamber into tubes or hollow
bars fitting closely to the sides of the fire box, and covering the space between
those sides and the sides of the water chamber, as shown by the dotted lines u, u,
Fig. 3. k, l, Fig. 1, is a solid metallic dead plate, having a descending flange from
its sides which is rivitted to the inner casing of the fire box sufficiently close to
prevent any escape or passage of smoke or gas between the joinings, and having
a bracket plate m, on which one end of the grate bars rests, their other ends
resting on a horizontal bar of iron extending from side to side of the furnace, a
transverse section of which bar is shown at i. is a dead plate rivitted to the
bearing bar i, and resting at its upper side against the flange f; this dead plate
is so placed for the purpose of reducing or preventing the intense action of the
fire at the muzzle of the hollow bars c, which might otherwise partially prevent

page_text: the flow of water through those bars; it is also intended for the purpose of
forming a terminus to the fire on the grate bars 1, and it can be easily removed
when necessary.
h is an earthenware tile or fire lump or lumps extending
from side to side of the fire box, and placed under the water chamber d, d, and-
assists in the process of roasting or coking, and extracting the gasses from the
fuel beneath it, by reverberating upon the fuel on the dead plate & the heat
which it receives by means of its position in the furnace, and it tends in some
degree to the uniform operation of the furnace. Q is a chimney, furnished with
a damper, which is to be opened for the purpose of increasing the draft of air
through the furnace when found requisite, and for discharging the excess of
heat when the steam from the boiler is shutt off from the cylinders; the dam-
per must be kept closed at other times. This chimney is only useful in cases
where the natural current or draft of air is but small, as in locomotive engines,
and under most other circumstances it may be dispensed with. H, I, are the
fire doors. L, L, is the frame or ring for uniting the inner to the outer casing
of the furnace or fire box; and s, s, are the tubes or flues passing from the
furnace to the cylindrical or other boiler T of the engine.
By the manage-
ment above described the gaseous products of the fuel on the dead plate k are
nearly all compelled to pass over the fire on the grate bars 1, where they will
in a great measure become inflamed, and in cases where a small degree of
smoke is not of importance, and the greatest degree of heat and consequent
power is not required, a fire on the hollow grate bars may be dispensed.
with.
It is not essential that the part e, e, of the water chamber d, d, should be
divided into bars of the particular form above described, and which we have
specified as one mode of carrying our Invention into effect, but various plans
may be adopted for instance, a beneficial effect would be produced if the water
chamber was perforated at e, e, with holes for the passage of the gasses and air
from the lower fire; but we believe its action would not be so perfect as if
it were made upon the construction above described.
When the furnace constructed as above described is put into full action a
fire is to be made in the upper division E of the furnace or fire box on the
hollow bars e, c, with coke, charcoal, or other carbonized or partially burnt
fuel introduced through the upper fire door H; and a fire is also to be lighted
on the bars with coal or other uncarbonized and suitable fuel, producing
smoke and gasses, introduced at the lower fire door 1; the further supplies or
charges of coke or other carbonized fuel are to be laid on the water chamber d, d,
and of coal on the dead plate k, k; the coke and coal will thus respectively become

page_text: partially and progressively heated and prepared for combustion as that on the
bars is consumed, and will either gradually descend on the fires or must be
propelled or moved forwards by the fireman, and the charges replenished as
occasion requires. As the fuel on the bars becomes consumed it is obvious that
the coal on the dead plate will become gradually heated or roasted, and
together with the coal in a state of active combustion on the grate bars / will
give out its gasses and moisture, which must pass through the openings t, t;
between the hollow bars e, e, Figure 4, and the interstices of the ignited fuel
on the same, the smoke and gasses arising from that part of the fuel which is
under the water chamber d, d, being compelled by the extended form of that
chamber to traverse a considerable portion of the surface of its own fire before
it can make its escape at the apertures between the hollow bars, where it
becomes subjected to the intense heat of the upper fire; by these means the
passage of the gasses from the coal fire is retarded until the requisite quantity
of atmospheric air passing from the ash-pit through the grate bars 1, which is
indispensable to their combustion, is combined with them; in passing through
the inflamed fuel they become heated to the high degree which is alike indis-
pensable to their ignition; the hydrogen and other combustible gasses, which
constitute a large and valuable part of the weight of coal, and which in ordi-
nary furnaces are distilled and wasted through the chimney, are thus rendered
productive of heat and flame, and made available as fuel; and as the smoke is
also by this means consumed or considerably reduced, a large proportion of coal
instead of coke may be used, thereby effecting an important saving in the first
cost of fuel, and converting that which was a nuisance to a profitable and
useful purpose; and the heat thus obtained may be applied to the heating of
places, fluids, and substances, and many other purposes.
When the combination of parts above described is applied to a different
construction of the boilers of locomotive engines than that now usually adopted,
or to the boilers of fixed or marine steam engines, or in other positions or for
other purposes, slight modifications in the arrangements may be requisite to
adapt it to its altered situation or form; but it is unnecessary particularly to
enter into detail of such modifications or of the particular dimensions applicable
to various cases, as they will vary according to circumstances, attention to the
general remarks and the description given in the above statement, and to the
Drawings referred to, being sufficient to lead any person conversant with the
manufacture of such apparatus generally to adopt the dimensions and form to
any particular case; and the arrangement and construction of many of the
minor parts may be modified according to the size of the apparatus, the situa-

page_text: tion in which it is placed, and the circumstances governing the same, withou
at all deviating from our Invention as we define the same. The various part
may be constructed of such metals or substances as are suited to the nature o
the work to be performed, and the degree of strength, power, and durability
required; but we prefer a composition of one part zinc, one part tin, and
twenty-eight parts of copper for the construction of the hollow, water chambe
above described.
Now whereas we have by these presents, and the Drawings thereby referred
in compliance with the said proviso, described the nature of our said Invention
of a new combination of parts forming an improved furnace for consuming
smoke and economizing fuel, applicable to locomotive carriages, steam boats
and other useful purposes, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
we claim as our Invention, first, the construction and application of the
water chamber passing through the furnace constructed with hollow bars or
apertures forming air upper fire grate, whereon coke or other carbonized or
partially carbonized fuel may be used, and through which the air and gasses
from a lower fire must pass before they can escape or be discharged by the
flues of the furnace, and by which means the smoke and gasses will be ignited
or consumed; and, secondly, the combination of. parts herein-before described,
and by means of which we apply the same; and such our Invention being to
the best of our knowledge and belief entirely new and never before used within
that part of His said Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
called England, His, said Dominion of Wales, or Town of Berwick upon Tweed,
we do hereby declare this to be our Specification of the same, and that we do
verily believe this our said Specification doth comply in all respects fully and
without reserve or disguise with the proviso in the said herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent contained. Wherefore we do hereby claim to maintain
exclusive right and privilege to our said Invention. And, lastly, we declare
that we do not claim originality in the partial distillation of the fuel employed
previous to actual ignition in furnaces, nor in cousuming smoke or inflaming
gas by passing it over and through fire,. various methods having been devised
for that purpose; but the peculiarity of our Invention consists, as herein-before
stated, in using for that purpose a water chamber of the construction or of a
similar construction and in the general improved combination of parts as
above described; and although we have described many parts of the said im-
proved furnace and the means of connecting them which are not new, we have
done so solely for the purpose of rendering our Invention clearly understood,
and shewing the different combination of the parts, and not as claiming them,

page_text: and wo accordingly disclaim the same, and do not confine ourselves to the
particular modes described for that purpose, as other well-known plans, too,
numerous to be detailed, may be adopted as circumstances require.
In witness whereof, the said John Chanter and John Gray have.
hereunto set their hands and seals, the Thirtieth day of April, in tho
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-six.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Thirtieth day of April, in the
year of our Lerd 1836, the aforesaid Jolin Chanter and John Gray came
before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Speci-
fication aforesaid, and all and everything therein contained and specified, in
form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Second day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
cight hundred and thirty-six.

page_text: CHANTER AND GRAY'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
CHANTER, of Earl Street, Brackfriars, in the City of London, and of Upper
Stamford Street, in the County of Surrey, Esquire, and JOHN GRAY of
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster; the Second day of November, in the Sixth year of His reign, did,
for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said John
Chanter and John Gray, His especial licence that we, the said John Chanter
and John Gray, our exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
John Chanter and John Gray, our exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term
of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick upon Tweed, our
Invention of "A NEW COMBINATION OF PARTS FORMING AN IMPROVED FURNACE
FOR CONSUMING SMOKE AND ECONOMIZING FUEL, APPLICABLE TO LOCOMOTIVE CAR-
BIAGES, STEAM BOATS, AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES;" in which said Letters Patent
is contained a proviso obliging us or one of us, the said John Chanter and
John Gray, by an instrument in writing under our or one of our hands and
seals, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of our said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be enrolled
in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by
the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the
said John Chanter and John Gray, do hereby declare the nature of our
said Invention to consist, as in the said Letters Patent is expressed, of a new
combination of parts forming an improved furnace for consuming smoke and
economizing fuel, applicable to locomotive carriages, steam boats, and other
useful purposes, by which combination of parts we construct an additional fire
grate, and are enabled to expose additional water surfaces to the action of heat,
and consequently to obtain an increase of steam without a corresponding
increase of fuel, and are also enabled to use a cheaper description of fuel than
that at present adapted under particular circumstances, as by the arrangement
herein-after described the smoke and other vapours arising from uncarbonized
fuel is subjected to ignition and reduced to a state of perfect combustion or
nearly so; and in further compliance with the said proviso, we, the said John
Chanter and John Gray, do hereby describe the manner in which our said
Invention is to be performed by the following statement thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings annexed, and to the figures and letters marked

page_text: of greater width than depth where they emerge from the water chamber d, d,
and tapering in breadth towards the centre of the boiler, increase in depth
until their junction with the water spaces at o, as will be easily perceived and
understood by referring to e, e, Fig 1 and +. We prefer them thus con-
5 structed for the purpose of equalizing the action of the fire, maintaining an equal
area throughout their length, and giving facility for driving the bolts or rivets
through the side flanges which fix the bars to the casing of the fire box, as
shewn at f, f, Fig. 4. This peculiar form is, however, not essential to the
actual, and in some degree, beneficial working of the furnace, but it is the one
O we prefer. The water chamber and bars is connected at its upper and lower
ends by flanges f, f. f. f, Fig 1 and 4, to the inner and outer casings of the
fire box, the rivits being passed, as shewn by the dotted lines r, through hoops
or thimbles 7, q, which may, for practical convenience, be cast or constructed
either separately in the usual manner or together, when they will form a solid
5. bearing against the tension of the rivits when passed through the two casings
a, b, of the fire box, as shewn by the dotted lines at r; they also act as a stay
or support to the casings of the fire box, and they facilitate repairs, as the rivits
and the water chamber and bars may be easily removed and replaced at the
dead platen (hercin-after described) whenever it becomes necessary, without
0 disturbing the casings of the fire box.
The water chamber extends to within a short space to the two opposite sides
of the inner casing of the fire box, as shewn at g, g, in Fig. 4, which method
of construction is adopted for the purpose of simplifying the manufacture. The
passage of smoke or gas from the lower fire or uncarbonized fuel herein-after
5 described between the sides of the water chamber and the sides of the fire box
is prevented by fixing a plate of iron on and to the water chamber d, d, extend-
ing as far as the division or determination of that chamber into tubes or hollow
bars fitting closely to the sides of the fire box, and covering the space between
those sides and the sides of the water chamber, as shewn by the dotted lines 1, 2,
Fig. 3. k, k, Fig. 1, is a solid metallic dead plate, having a descending flange from
its sides which is rivitted to the inner casing of the fire box sufficiently close to
prevent any escape or passage of smoke or gas between the joinings, and having
a bracket plate m, on which one end of the grate bars / rests, their other ends
resting on a horizontal bar of iron extending from side to side of the furnace, a
transverse section of which bar is shewn at i. n is a dead plate rivitted to the
bearing bar i, and resting at its upper side against the flange f; this dead plate
is so placed for the purpose of reducing or preventing the intense action of the
fire at the muzzle of the hollow bars c, which might otherwise partially prevent

page_text: the flow of water through those bars; it is also intended for the purpose of
forming a terminus to the fire on the grate bars l, and it can be easily removed
when necessary.
h is an earthenware tile or fire lump or lumps extending
from side to side of the fire box, and placed under the water chamber d, d, and
assists in the process of roasting or coking, and extracting the gasses from the
fuel beneath it, by reverberating upon the fuel on the dead plate k the heat
which it receives by means of its position in the furnace, and it tends in some
degree to the uniform operation of the furnace. Q is a chimney, furnished with
a damper, which is to be opened for the purpose of increasing the draft of air
through the furnace when found requisite, and for discharging the excess of
heat when the steam from the boiler is shutt off from the cylinders; the dam-
per must be kept closed at other times. This chimney is only useful in cases
where the natural current or draft of air is but small, as in locomotive engines,
and under most other circumstances it may be dispensed with. H, I, are the
fire doors. L, L, is the frame or ring for uniting the inner to the outer casing
of the furnace or fire box; and s, s, are the tubes or flues passing from the
furnace to the cylindrical or other boiler T of the engine. By the manage
ment above described the gaseous products of the fuel on the dead plate k are
nearly all compelled to pass over the fire on the grate bars 1, where they will
in a great measure become inflamed, and in cases where a small degree of
smoke is not of importance, and the greatest degree of heat and consequent
power is not required, a fire on the hollow grate bars 1 may be dispensed
with.
It is not essential that the part e, e, of the water chamber d, d, should be
divided into bars of the particular form above described, and which we have
specified as one mode of carrying our Invention into effect, but various plans
may be adopted for instance, a beneficial effect would be produced if the water
chamber was perforated at e, e, with holes for the passage of the gasses and air
from the lower fire; but we believe its action would not be so perfect as if
it were made upon the construction above described.
When the furnace constructed as above described is put into full action a
fire is to be made in the upper division E of the furnace or fire box on the
hollow bars e, e, with coke, charcoal, or other carbonized or partially burnt
fuel introduced through the upper fire door H; and a fire is also to be lighted
on the bars with coal or other uncarbonized and suitable fuel, producing
smoke and gasses, introduced at the lower fire door I; the further supplies or
charges of coke or other carbonized fuel are to be laid on the water chamber d, d,
and of coal on the dead plate k, k; the coke and coal will thus respectively become

page_text: partially and progressively heated and prepared for combustion as that on the
bars is consumed, and will either gradually descend on the fires or must be
propelled or moved forwards by the fireman, and the charges replenished as
occasion requires. As the fuel on the bars becomes consumed it is obvious that
the coal on the dead plate k will become gradually heated or roasted, and
together with the coal in a state of active combustion on the grate bars / will
give out its gasses and moisture, which must pass through the openings t, t,
between the hollow bars e, e, Figure 4, and the interstices of the ignited fuel
on the same, the smoke and gasses arising from that part of the fuel which is
under the water chamber d, d, being compelled by the extended form of that
chamber to traverse a considerable portion of the surface of its own fire before
it can make its escape at the apertures between the hollow bars, where it
becomes subjected to the intense heat of the upper fire; by these means the
passage of the gasses from the coal fire is retarded until the requisite quantity
of atmospheric air passing from the ash-pit through the grate bars l, which is
indispensable to their combustion, is combined with them; in passing through
the inflamed fuel they become heated to the high degree which is alike indis-
pensable to their ignition; the hydrogen and other combustible gasses, which
constitute a large and valuable part of the weight of coal, and which in ordi-
nary furnaces are distilled and wasted through the chimney, are thus rendered
productive of heat and flame, and made available as fuel; and as the smoke is
also by this means consumed or considerably reduced, a large proportion of coal
instead of coke may be used, thereby effecting an important saving in the first
cost of fuel, and converting that which was a nuisance to a profitable and
useful purpose; and the heat thus obtained may be applied to the heating of
places, fluids, and substances, and many other purposes.
When the combination of parts above described is applied to a different
construction of the boilers of locomotive engines than that now usually adopted,
or to the boilers of fixed or marine steam engines, or in other positions or for
other purposes, slight modifications in the arrangements may be requisite to
adapt it to its altered situation or form; but it is unnecessary particularly to
enter into detail of such modifications or of the particular dimensions applicable
to various cases, as they will vary according to circumstances, attention to the
general remarks and the, description given in the above statement, and to the
Drawings referred to, being sufficient to lead any person conversant with the
manufacture of such apparatus generally to adopt the dimensions and form to
any particular case; and the arrangement and construction of many of the
minor parts may be modified according to the size of the apparatus, the situa-

page_text: tion in which it is placed, and the circumstances governing the same, without
at all deviating from our Invention as we define the same.
The various parts
may be constructed of such metals or substances as are suited to the nature of
the work to be performed, and the degree of strength, power, and durability
required; but we prefer a composition of one part zinc, one part tin, and
twenty-eight parts of copper for the construction of the hollow water chamber
above described.
Now whereas we have by these presents, and the Drawings thereby referred,
in compliance with the said proviso, described the nature of our said Invention
of a new combination of parts forming an improved furnace for consuming
smoke and economizing fuel, applicable to locomotive carriages, steam boats,
and other useful purposes, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
we claim as our Invention, first, the construction and application of the
water. chamber passing through the furnace constructed with hollow bars or
apertures forming an upper fire grate, whereon coke or other carbonized or
partially carbonized fuel may be used, and through which the air and gasses
from a lower fire must pass before they can escape or be discharged by the
flues of the furnace, and by which means the smoke and gasses will be ignited
or consumed; and, secondly, the combination of parts herein-before described,
and by means of which we apply the same; and such our Invention being to
the best of our knowledge and belief entirely new and never before used within
that part of His said Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
called England, His.said Dominion of Wales, or Town of Berwick upon Tweed,
we do hereby declare this to be our Specification of the same, and that we do
verily believe this our said Specification doth comply in all respects fully and
without reserve or disguise with the proviso in the said herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent contained. Wherefore we do hereby claim to maintain
exclusive right and privilege to our said Invention. And, lastly, we declare
that we do not claim originality in the partial distillation of the fuel employed
previous to actual ignition in furnaces, nor in consuming smoke or inflaming
gas by passing it over and through fire,. various methods having been devised
for that purpose; but the peculiarity of our Invention consists, as herein-before
stated, in using for that purpose a water chamber of the construction or of a
similar construction and in the general improved combination of parts as
above described; and although we have described many parts of the said im-
proved furnace and the means of connecting them which are not new, we have
done so solely for the purpose of rendering our Invention clearly understood,
and shewing the different combination of the parts, and not as claiming them,

page_text: and wo accordingly disclaim the same, and do not confine ourselves to the
particular modes described for that purpose, as other well-known plans, too
umerous to be detailed, may be adopted as circumstances require.
**!
In witness whereof, the said John Chanter and John Gray have
hereunto set their hands and seals, the Thirtieth day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-six.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Thirtieth day of April, in the
year of our Lord 1836, the aforesaid John Chanter and John Gray came
before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Speci-
fication aforesaid, and all and everything therein contained and specified, in
form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Second day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and thirty-six.

page_text: CHANTER AND GRAY'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
CHANTER, of Earl Street, Brackfriars, in the City of London, and of Upper
Stamford Street, in the County of Surrey, Esquire, and JOHN GRAY, of
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster; the Second day of November, in the Sixth year of His reign, did,
for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said John
Chanter and John Gray, His especial licence that we, the said John Chanter
and John Gray, our exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
John Chanter and John Gray, our exors, admors, or assigns, should at a any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term
of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick upon Tweed, our
Invention of "A NEW COMBINATION OF PARTS FORMING AN IMPROVED FURNACE
FOR CONSUMING SMOKE AND ECONOMIZING FUEL, APPLICABLE TO LOCOMOTIVE CAR-
RIAGES, STEAM BOATS, AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES;" in which said Letters Patent
is contained a proviso obliging us or one of us, the said John Chanter and
John Gray, by an instrument in writing under our or one of our hands and
seals, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of our said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be enrolled
in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by
the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the
said John Chanter and John Gray, do hereby declare the nature of our
said Invention to consist, as in the said Letters Patent is expressed, of a new
combination of parts forming an improved furnace for consuming smoke and
economizing fuel, applicable to locomotive carriages, steam boats, and other
useful purposes, by which combination of parts we construct an additional fire
grate, and are enabled to expose additional water surfaces to the action of heat,
and consequently to obtain an increase of steam without a corresponding
increase of fuel, and are also enabled to use a cheaper description of fuel than
that at present adapted under particular circumstances, as by the arrangement
herein-after described the smoke and other vapours arising from uncarbonized
fuel is subjected to ignition and reduced to a state of perfect combustion or
nearly so; and in further compliance with the said proviso, we, the said John
Chanter and John Gray, do hereby describe the manner in which our said
Invention is to be performed by the following statement thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings annexed, and to the figures and letters marked

page_text: 11. of greater width than depth where they emerge from the water chamber d, d,
and tapering in breadth towards the centre of the boiler, increase in depth
vo until their junction with the water spaces at o, as will be easily perceived and
.:: understood by referring to e, c, Fig 1 and 4. We prefer them thus con-
structed for the purpose of equalizing the action of the fire, maintaining an equal
area throughout their length, and giving facility for driving the bolts or rivets
through the side flanges which fix the bars to the casing of the fire box, as
..shewhat ƒ, f, Fig. 4. This peculiar form is, however, not essential to the
actual, and in some degree, beneficial working of the furnace, but it is the one
10 we prefer. The water chamber and bars is connected at its upper and lower
ends by flanges, ff, f Fig1 and 4, to the inner and outer casings of the
Are box, the rivits being passed, as shewn by the dotted lines, through hoops
for thimbles q, q, which may, for practical convenience, be cast or constructed
either separately in the usual manner or together, when they will form a solid
15 bearing against the tension of the rivits when passed through the two casings
ab, of the fire box, as shewn by the dotted lines at 7; they also act as a stay
or support to the casings of the fire box, and they facilitate repairs, as the rivits
and the water chamber and bars may be easily removed and replaced at the
dead plate n (herein-after described) whenever it becomes necessary, without
20 disturbing the casings of the fire box...
.. The water chamber extends to within a short space to the two opposite sides
of the inner casing of the fire box, as shewn at 'g, g, in Fig. 4, which method
of construction is adopted for the purpose of simplifying the manufacture. The
passage of smoke or gas from the lower fire or uncarbonized fuel herein-after
25 described between the sides of the water chamber and the sides of the fire box
is prevented by fixing a plate of iron on and to the water chaniber d, d, extend-
sisting as far as the division or determination of that chamber into tubes or hollow
e bars fitting closely to the sides of the fire box, and covering the space between
those sides and the sides of the water chamber, as shewn by the dotted lines, u,
30Fig. 3. k, k, Fig. 1, is a solid metallic dead plate, having a'descending flange from
evarits sides which is rivitted to the inuer casing of the fire box sufficiently close to
JOP prevent any escape or passage of smoke or gas between the joinings, and having
abracket plate m, on which one end of the grate bars 7 Pests, their other ends
resting on a horizontal bar of iron extending from side to side of the furnace, a
35fransverse section of which bat is shewn at his a³ dead plate rivitted to the
bearing bar i, and resting at its upper side' against the flange this dead-plate
is so placed for the purpose of reducing or preventing the intense action of the
bsfire at the muzzle of the hollow barse, which might otherwise partially prevent

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the flow of water through those bars; it is also intended for the purpose of
forming a terminus to the fire on the grate bars 1, and it can be easily removed
when necessary. h is an earthenware tile or fire lump or lumps extending
from side to side of the fire box, and placed under the water chamber d, d, and
assists in the process of roasting or coking, and extracting the gasses from the
fuel beneath it, by reverberating upon the fuel on the dead plate k the heat
which it receives by means of its position in the furnace, and it tends in some
degree to the uniform operation of the furnace. Q is a chimney, furnished with
a damper, which is to be opened for the purpose of increasing the draft of air
through the furnace when found requisite, and for discharging the excess of
heat when the steam from the boiler is shutt off from the cylinders; the dam-
per must be kept closed at other times. This chimney is only useful in cases
where the natural current or draft of air is but small, as in locomotive engines,
and under most other circumstances it may be dispensed with." H, I, are the
fire doors. L, L, is the frame or ring for uniting the inner to the outer casing
of the furnace or fire box; and s, s, are the tubes or flues passing from the
furnace to the cylindrical or other boiler T of the engine. By the manage-
ment above described the gaseous products of the fuel on the dead plate k are
nearly all compelled to pass over the fire on the grate bars 1, where they will
in a great measure become inflamed, and in cases where a small degree of
smoke is not of importance, and the greatest degree of heat and consequent
power is not required, a fire on the hollow grate bars l' may be dispensed
...
with.
11.
T
d, should be
It is not essential that the part e, e, of the water chamber
divided into bars of the particular form above described, and which we have
specified as one mode of carrying our Invention into effect, but various plans
may be adopted: for instance, a beneficial effect would be produced if the water
chamber was perforated at e, e, with holes for the passage of the gasses and air
from the lower fire; but we believe its action would not be so perfect as if
it made
were
upon the construction above described.
When the
he furnace constructed as above described is put into full action a
fire is to be made in the upper division E of the furnace or fire box on the
hollow bars e, e, with coke, charcoal, or other carbonized or partially burnt
fuel introduced through the upper fire door H; and a fire is also to be lighted
on the bars with coal or other uncarbonized and suitable fuel, producing
smoke and gasses, introduced at the lower fire door I; the further supplies or
...charges of coke or other carbonized fuel are to be laid on the water chamber d, d,
and of coal on the dead plate k, k; the coke and coal will thus respectively become
20
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partially and progressively heated and prepared for combustion as that on the
bars is consumed, and will either gradually descend on the fires or must be
propelled or moved forwards by the fireman, and the charges replenished as
occasion requires. As the fuel on the bars becomes consumed it is obvious that
5 the coal o
on the dead plate k will become gradually heated or roasted, and
together with the coal in a state of active combustion on the grate bars / will
isi ha give, out its gasses and moisture, which must pass through the openings t, t,
between the hollow bars e, e, Figure 4, and the interstices of the ignited fuel
on the same, the smoke and gasses arising from that part of the fuel which is
10 under the water chamber d, d, being compelled by the extended form of that
chamber to traverse a
raverse a considerable portion of the surface of its own fire before
it can make its escape at the apertures between the hollow bals, where it
becomes subjected to the intense heat of the upper fire, by these means the
passage of the gasses from the coal fire is retarded until the requisite quantity
15 of atmospheric air passing from the ash-pit through the grate bars 1, which is
indispensable to their combustion, is combined with them; in passing through
the inflamed fuel they become heated to the high degree which is alike indis-
pensable to their ignition; the hydrogen and other combustible gasses, which
constitute a large and valuable part of the weight of coal, and which in ordi-
20 nary furnaces are distilled and wasted through the chimney, are thus rendered
productive of heat and flame, and made available as fuel; and as the smoke is
also by this means consumed or considerably reduced, a large proportion of coal
instead of coke may be used, thereby effecting an important saving in the first
cost of fuel, and converting that which was a nuisance to a profitable and
25 useful purpose; and the heat thus obtained may be applied to the heating of
places, fluids, and substances, and many other purposes.
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When the combination of parts above described is applied to a different
construction of the boilers of locomotive engines than that now usually adopted,
or to the boilers of fixed or marine steam engines, or in other positions or for
30 other purposes,, slight modifications in the arrangements may be requisite to
adapt it to its altered situation or form; but it is unnecessary particularly to
enter into detail of such modifications or of the particular dimension's applicable
to various cases, as they will vary according to circumstances, attention to the
general remarks and the. description given in the above statement, and to the
gaisnt su
35 Drawings referred to, being sufficient to lead any person conversant with the
manufacture of such apparatus generally to adopt the dimensions and form to
Many particular case; and the arrangement and construction of many of the
minor parts may be modified according to the size of the apparatus, the situa-
baad
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page_text: tion in which it is placed, and the circumstances governing the same, without
at all deviating from our Invention as we define the same. The various parts
may be constructed of such metals or substances as are suited to the nature of
the work to be performed, and the degree of strength, power, and durability
required; but we prefer a composition of one part zinc, one part tin, and
twenty-eight parts of copper for the construction of the hollow water chamber
above described.
Now whereas we have by these presents, and the Drawings thereby referred,
in compliance with the said proviso, described the nature of our said Invention
of a new combination of parts forming an improved furnace for consuming
smoke and economizing fuel, applicable to locomotive carriages, steam boats,
and other useful purposes, and in what manner, the same is to be performed,
we claim as our Invention, first, the construction and application of the
water chamber passing through the furnace constructed with hollow bars or
apertures forming an upper fire grate, whereon coke or other carbonized or
partially carbonized fuel may be used, and through which the air and gasses
from a lower fire must pass before they can escape or be discharged by the
flues of the furnace, and by which means the smoke and gasses will be ignited
or consumed; and, secondly, the combination of parts herein-before described,
and by means of which we apply the same; and such our Invention being to
the best of our knowledge and belief entirely new and never before used within
that part of His said Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
called Eagland, His said Dominion of Wales, or Town of Berwick upon Tweed,
we do hereby declare this to be our Specification of the same, and that we do
verily believe this our said Specification doth comply in all respects fully and
without reserve or disguise with the proviso in the said herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent contained. Wherefore we do hereby claim to maintain
exclusive right and privilege to our said Invention. And, lastly, we declare
that we do not claim originality in the partial distillation of the fuel employed
previous to actual ignition in furnaces, nor in consuming smoke or inflaming
gas by passing it over and through fire,. various methods having been devised
for that purpose; but the peculiarity of our Invention consists, as herein-before
stated, in using for that purpose a water chamber of the construction or of a
similar construction and in the general improved combination of parts as
above described; and although we have described many parts of the said im-
proved furnace and the means of connecting them which are not new, we have
done so solely for the purpose of rendering our Invention clearly understood,
and shewing the different combination of the parts, and not as claiming them,

page_text: اولة
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and we accordingly disclaim the same, and do not confine ourselves to th
particular modes described for that purpose, as other well-known plans, to
Hunierons to be detailed, may be adopted as circum
Circumstances require,
204
how t
In witness whereof, the said John Chanter and John Gray ha
hereunto set their hands and seals, the Thirtieth day of April, in th
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-six wodz
1912 W
Jon
dod again
June to
bono
add bodhar
Signed, Sealed, and delivered andimas
10 acknowledged by the within
named John Chanter and John
Gray in the presence of
JOHN (LS) CHANTER.
JOHN (L.) GRAY
nolical wond
gaismonosy bun exome
bas
mis ow
ali_do
me maldad de gazar desdo 1516
H. ERNEST,
soni
4, Gordon Street,
Gordon Sq.,
dodge en besinouling
15bib ed no que as yods aried sowol a mor
London.
ingy 29 and neem down to conf
edhe AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Thirtieth day of::April in th
of year of our Lord 1886, the aforesaid John Chauteri and John Graycam
nid before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Spec
120 fichtion. aforesaid, and all and everything therein contained and specified, i
e form abovo,written Andalso the Specification aforesaid was stamped accordin
to the tour of the Statute made for that purposed
of
Inrolled the Second day of May) in the year of our Lord One thousan
eight hundred and thirty-six
nicima e minis wired of benistus ja a
dive
70
30
LONDON:
Printed by GEORGE EDWARD EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE,
giulio por Printers to the Queen's most: Excellent Majesty, 1854
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