Improvements in the Construction of Wheels for Carriages and Road Vehicles generally.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Sept., 1990
Complete Specification Left, 10th June, 1891-Accepted, 11th July, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of Wheels for Carriages and Road
Vehicles generally.
I PERCY ALBERT ISAACS of 5 Kelvinside Gardens, Glasgow Scotland, Gentle-
man do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:—
My invention consists of an improved method of and means for constructing
wheels for road traffic generally, the object of which is to minimise the noise which
usually obtains with the wheels in general use when at work, and at the same time
provide a greater amount of elasticity, and less vibration, than is to be found in
wheels as at present made and used, and by the method of construction according
to my invention a wheel so made can be easily and quickly repaired, and in some
cases without removing the tyre from the wheel.
may
In carrying out my invention I provide a nave made of any suitable material or
substance and of any desired shape or form to suit the application of the several
parts of the wheel that are to be connected thereto and therewith, according to the
type and size of wheel intended to be made. Said nave may be formed internally
so as to be boxed in the usual way, or bored or otherwise made so as to fit directly
upon the axle arm, and externally with a deep annular groove formed in the centre
thereof. Into this groove, I force a solid ring of india rubber or other resilient
material so as to occupy the entire width and rather more than the depth thereof,
or I may dispense with the said solid broad ring and use in place thereof a number
of narrow rings of the same material, either solid, or tubular, and charged with
compressed air, or provided with an internal spiral spring, and these tubes may, or
may not be covered with leather, canvas or the like as may be required, or I
construct the nave without the annular groove before referred to, or force a ring or
rings or tubes thereon until occupying a similar central position. The spokes are
tapered at the heel ends and abut against each other, so that when placed together
they form a perfect circle. The heels of the spokes rest upon the elastic ring or
rings or tubes above referred to, which form a seating therefor. The spokes when in
position may or may not be provided on each of their faces with metallic rings
countersunk thereinto to prevent lateral motion and to counteract centrifugal force.
Two large washers, flat or otherwise, to suit the dishing or other formation of the
wheel, and made of any suitable resilient substance, are pushed upon the nave, one
on each end, until close up to and abuting against the spokes and the metallic rings
where used. A netallic clamp with a broad flange not of lesser diameter than the
washers above referred to is fitted upon each end of the nave, said clamp may have
an internal screw thread and be screwed directly upon the nave, provided with an
external thread for that purpose, or a metallic ring having an external thread may
be shrunk or otherwise fixed upon each end of the nave and the clamp screwed
thereon, or the clamp may fit loosely over said metallic ring and be held in position
by a suitable nut screwed upon the ring, or where the nave is made of metal one of
said flanges may be cast or wrought therewith and form part thereof. In either
case the said flanges are brought as near to each other as the intervening spokes
and washers will permit so that they hold the spokes firmly in position, said clamps
may where necessary be shaped externally to receive a spanner for fixing and
removing them at will. I may in certain cases where necessary bore holes in the
flanges and corresponding holes in the spokes and use suitable bolts and nuts there-
with to add to the strength of the wheel. The free ends of the spokes are morticed
to the felloes, and the tyre shrunk on in the usual way.
I wish it understood that in the construction of the wheel herein described I may

page_text: form any of the parts enumerated out of any suitable substance or material, without
departing from the principle of my invention.
The wheel so constructed according to my invention may be generally repaired
by simply removing the last placed clamp and corresponding resilient washer and
metallic ring where used, and replacing them in the manner described.
Dated this 10th day of September 1890.
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
4, Moorfields, Fore Street, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of Wheels for Carriages and Road
Vehicles generally.
I, PERCY ALBERT ISAACS, of 2, Adelaide Villas, Teddington, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :—
My invention relates to an improved method of and means for constructing wheels
for read traffic generally, the object of which is to minimise the noise which usually
obtains with the wheels in general use when at work, and at the same time to
provide a greater amount of elasticity, and less vibration, than is to be found in
wheels as at present made and used, and by the method of construction according
to my invention a wheel so made can be easily and quickly repaired, and in some
cases without, removing the tyre from the wheel, or the wheel from the vehicle.
In order that my invention may be clearly understood I have appended a sheet of
drawings in which :-
Fig. 1 is a view of the nave of a wheel constructed according to my invention one
half of which is in section upon the line A B.
Fig. 2 is a view illustrating the shape of the spokes and the manner in which they
are fitted together resting upon their elastic seating.
In carrying my invention into effect I provide a nave A made of any suitable
material or substance and of any desired shape or form externally, according to
which of the several methods of construction forming the subject of my invention I
may choose to adopt and the purpose for which the wheel is intended. In the
accompanying drawings I have chosen to illustrate the system where the nave A is
made of wood and formed internally at B to receive an axle box in the usual way,
and externally with a deep annular groove in the centre thereof, or thereabouts.
Into this groove 1 force a solid ring of india-rubber or other resilient material so
as to occupy the entire width and preferably rather more than the depth thereof.
Or I may in lieu of the broad solid ring employ a number of narrow rings of
similar material either solid, or tulumlar, and in some cases covered externally with
canvas, leather, or the like, and if tubular I may in some cases charge them with
compressed air, or insert therein a spiral spring, or in lieu of rings I may employ a
longth of tubing wound round the nave within the groove before mentioned so that
the several convolutions thereof may answer the same purpose. Or I may dispense
with the said groove and force upon the outer surface of the nave so as to occupy a
central position thereof, the broad solid resilient ring, or the narrow rings before
mentioned, or wind thereon the length of tubing aforesaid, whichever method may be
most suitable for the purpose. The spokes D are each tapered at their heel ends
and abut against each other so that when placed together they form a perfect circle,
this is clearly illustrated by Fig. 2. The heels of the spokes rests upon the elastic
ring or rings C which forms a seating therefor. In Fig. I have shewn the appli-
cntion of the broad flat ring, in Fig. 2 the application of the tubular rings. Two
large washers E of india rubber or other resilient material which may be flat or
otherwise to suit the dishing of the wheel, are placed upon A one on each side of,
and pushed close up against, the spokes, as shown in Fig. 1, I provide two metallic

page_text: clamps F and F each with a broad flange F" not of lesser diameter than the
washers E one of which is fitted upon each end of the nave so that when in position
they fit close up against the washers E. Each of the clamps F and F¹ may be
provided with an internal screw thread, and either screwed direct upon the nave
provided with an external screw thread for that purpose in the manner shewn by
the fitting of F, or a metallic ring or collar G having an external thread may be
shrunk or otherwise fixed upon each end of A, and the clamp screwed thereon, in
the manner shewn by the fitting of F, or the clamps may be made narrower, and
without the internal thread mentioned, and simply slide on to A, and a large nut be
used engaging with the ring or collar G, to hold F and Fi in position. The
clamps F and F, which are brought as near to each other as possible when in
position, firmly hold the spokes D, and prevent the slightest lateral motion occur-
ing thereto, and to counteract centrifugal force i may bore, or otherwise form
holes in the flange of each clamp and occuring centrally with each spoke, so that
a corresponding hole in the spoke may permit a bolt to pass completely through
from flange to flange, as shewn by Fig. 1, and held in position by a nut a'. Or I
may in lieu of said holes and bolts form a circular recess in the spokes D, so that a
flat metallic ring H may fit therein flush with the face of the spokes, as shewn in
Fig. 2, when this system is adopted the ring H would be placed in position before
the clastic washers E are put on.
I may in certain cases construct the clamps externally as at 6 Fig. 1, so as to
receive a spanner for the purpose of fixing and removing same, or holes may he
formed therein to receive a suitable wrench for a like purpose.
I may when necessary construct the nave A of metal, instead of wood, as
described, in which case one of the said clamps may be cast, or wrought integrally
therewith, and the other screwed direct upon a thread formed upon the outer surface
of the nave, in a similar manner to F Fig. 1, or fit freely upon the nave and be held
in position by a nut, in the manner previously described.
The free ends of the spokes are morticed into the felloes, and the tyre shrunk on
in the usual way, and the nave finished with a ferrule c, and cap d, in the manner of
wheels generally, and when it becomes necessary to replace an old spoke, all that
is needed to accomplish this is to remove the front clamp F', and the front
washer E, when the old spoke may be removed and a new one substituted, and
this without removing the tyre, and in many cases without removing the wheel from
the vehicle.
I find in practice that a wheel constructed in the manner described, and shewn,
according to my invention, possesses far greater clasticity, imparts much less
vibration, materially reduces the rattle and noise, and prolongs the life of the
wheel, considerably in excess of the vehicle wheels hitherto made and used.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
] claim is
First. The improved wheel constructed in the manner described and shewn,
consisting of the several parts herein enumerated, combined and operating substan-
tially as set forth.
Second. In an improved wheel for carriages and road vehicles generally, the use
and application of a solid and resilient seating C, for the spokes D, held in position
by resilient washers E and clamps F, and F1, screwed, or otherwise fixed upon the
nave A, and having a bolt a passing through each spoke and each clamp substan-
tially as herein described and shewn by Fig. 1 of the drawings.
Third. In an improved wheel for carriages and road vehicles generally the con-
struction and use of spokes D tapered at the heel ends, and fitting together in the
manner shewn seated upon solid, or hollow rings or tube C, charged with com-
pressed air, or furnished with an internal spiral spring with. or without an external
covering of canvas leather or the like the employment of a metallic ring H, set

page_text: into a suitable recess within the spokes D in lieu of a holt a referred to in the
preceding claim substantially as described and shewn by Fig. 2 of the accompanying
drawings.
Dated this 10th day of June 1891.
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
4, Moorfields, Fore Street, London, Agent for the Applicant.