IMPROVEMENTS IN STONE WORKING APPARATUS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Hunter, of No. 18, Queen's Road, Battersea Park,
in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STONE
WORKING APPARATUS."
Sealed the 13th March 1877, and dated the 25th September 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Hunter at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th September 1876.
GEORGE HUNTER, of No. 18, Queen's Road, Battersea Park, in the County of
Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STONE WORKING APPARATUS."
My Invention relates to apparatus in which blocks of stone placed upon a
reciprocating table are subjected to the action of revolving and scraping tools, so as
to cut their surfaces to flat or moulded forms. In such machines, according to my
present Invention, I provide two vertical spindles, which carry the revolving
cutters, one spindle being mounted on each side of the reciprocating table, and I
drive these spindles by screw or worm gear, the two worms being right and left, so
that the thrust of each partly counteracts that of the other. I also drive the table
by a worm working into a rack fixed on the underside of the table, and I make
this worm slightly taper on a shaft somewhat inclined, so that the outer end of the
shaft, to which is applied reversing bevil gear, is sufficiently low to permit the
table to travel over it, thus reducing considerably the length of the machine and its
framing.
For scraping the stone I provide a tool holder, one on each side of the tablo,
consisting of a vertical column with an elevating screw. On the upper part of
these columns I fix cross tubes, in which I fit tool holders that can be slid
horizontally by screws across the table, so as to bring the tool to act either on the
planes side or on the upper surface of the stone as required. The one tool scrapes or
when the tool table travels the one way, and the other when it travels the reverse
way, so that when a stone is on each side of the table no time is lost in planing by
the reversal of the tube. The top of each tool holder is fitted with a swivel to hold
a cross bar, which can be readily put on when required, and on this bar a tool

page_text: holder is fitted, so that a stone can be placed across the whole breadth of the table
if required. Also the one end of this bar may be screwed up higher than the other,
so as to plane a stone with an inclined face.
I employ an improved tool holder for flat revolving tools. It consists of a casting
having holes for the reception of the tools, and transverse steel keys fitted on
inclined beds. The tool, being inserted into the hole, is fixed securely therein by
drawing up the key by a nut, and I prefer to give the key a V edge, which slightly
impresses itself into the tool and prevents it from shifting. Two or more tools can
be held in one such block or holder, and each tool is set so as to overlap that in the
next block.
For some kinds of stone I fit their tools in cutter blocks, which are mounted by
trunnions, so as to have a little play in either direction, and thus when the spindle
is reversed the tools present a fresh edge to the stone. When they are worn
irregularly they can be jammed in a middle position and brought in contact with a
rapidly revolving emery wheel to grind them to a square face.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Hunter in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th March
1877.
GEORGE HUNTER, No. 18, Queen's Road, Battersea Park, in the County of Surrey.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STONE WORKING APPARATUS."
My Invention relates to apparatus in which blocks of stone, placed upon a
reciprocating table, are subjected to the action of revolving and scraper tools, so as
to cut their surfaces to flat or moulded forms. In such machines, according to my
present Invention, I provide two vertical spindles, which carry the revolving
cutters, one spindle being mounted on each side of the reciprocating table, and I
drive these spindles by screw or worm gear, the two worms being right and left, so
that the thrust of each partly counteracts that of the other. I also drive the table
by a worm working into a rack fixed on the underside of the table, and I make
this worm slightly taper on a shaft somewhat inclined, so that the outer end of the
shaft, to which is applied reversing bevil gear, is sufficiently low to permit the
table to travel over it, thus reducing considerably the length of the machine and its
framing.
For scraping the stone I provide a tool holder, one on each side of the table,
consisting of a vertical column with an elevating screw. On the upper part of these
columns I fix cross tubes, in which I fit tool holders that can be slid horizontally by
screws across the table, so as to bring the tool to act either on the side or on the
upper surface of the stone, as required. The one tool scrapes or planes when the
table travels the one way, and the other when it travels the reverse way, so that
when a stone is on each side of the table no time is lost in planing by the reversal
of the table. The top of each tool holder is fitted with a swivel to hold a cross bar,
which can be readily put on when required, and on this bar a tool holder is fitted, so
that a stone can be placed across the whole breadth of the table if required. Also
the one end of this bar may be screwed up higher than the other, so as to plane a
stone with an inclined face.
I employ an improved tool holder for flat revolving tools. It consists of a casting
having holes for the reception of the tools, and transverse steel keys fitted on
inclined beds. The tool being inserted into the hole is fixed securely therein by
drawing up the key by a nut, and I prefer to give the key a V edge, which slightly
impresses itself into the tool, and prevents it from shifting. Two or more tools can be
held in one such block or holder, and each tool is set so as to overlap that in the
next block,

page_text: regularly they can be jammed in a middle position and brought in contact with a
rapidly revolving emery wheel to grind them to a square face.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 represents a plan; Fig. 2 a side view, and Fig. 3 an end view of a stone
working machine, according to my Invention; the other Figures representing
details which will be hereafter referred to.
A is the main frame or bed of the machine, on which is fitted the sliding table B.
On the underside of the table is a rack 6 having sloped teeth that engage with a
worm, C. This worn is slightly tapered and is fixed on a shaft c which slopes
downwards to the bevil reversing gear D at the end of the machine. By thus
sloping the shaft c I am enabled to mount the reversing gear at a level sufficiently
low to permit the table B to pass over it, thereby shortening the bed of the
machine. E is a cross shaft on which are the right and left worms e, e, that drive
the upright shafts F, F, one on each side of the table, these shafts carrying the
revolving cutters f, as shewn in Fig. 3, arranged nearly to the outline of the
moulding to be cut on the stone G. The upright shafts F, F, may be mounted in
sliding bearings, so that they could be set wider apart if required. ❤ On each side of
the table is a column H that can be raised or lowered by a screw h. A cross bar I
may be extended above the table jointed to the heads of these columns, the said bar
having fitted on it a holder i for scraping or planing tools, adjustable by a screw, as
in a slide rest. K, K, are tubes attached to the columns H, H, within which tubes
are fitted sliding stems k carrying also scraping or planing tools, the stems being
caused to slide outwards or inwards by means of screws. The tubes K with
their stems and tools may be double, as shewn in vertical section at Fig. 4, the
one stem being fitted under and to one side of the other, as shewn in oblique section
at Fig. 5, or single stems k may be made with a head to receive two sets of scraping
or planing tools, as shewn in face view at Fig. 6, and in side view at Fig. 7, a like
construction applying to the stems in the holder i, which is, as shewn, constructed
as a tube with an internally sliding stem in a manner similar to the tubes K.
Fig. 8 is a plan, and Fig. 9 a side view of a holder for revolving chisel tools or
cutters, according to my Invention. It consists of a head L which is fixed on the
revolving cutter shaft. Through slots in this head are passed the cutters l, l, which
are secured by wedge keys m, m, drawn up by nuts. The faces of the keys m next
the cutters are made with an edge which, when the keys are drawn tight up, cuts
slightly into the metal of the cutter, preventing it from shifting.
The cutter head shewn in Figs. 8 and 9, with cutters secured in it, is obviously
applicable to any revolving shaft of a stone cutting machine, whether it be one of
the vertical shafts F or whether it be a horizontal shaft employed in stone working
machines of ordinary construction.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I claim,―
First. The construction of a stone working machine, wherein a vertical spindle
carrying revolving cutters, and a column carrying scraping or planing tools, are
mounted at each side of a reciprocating table carrying the stone or stones to be
worked, the said vertical spindles being both driven by gearing from one cross
shaft, substantially as herein described.
Second. In giving motion to the sliding table of a stone working machine, by
means of a revolving worm gearing with a rack on the table, tapering the said worm
and sloping its shaft, substantially as for the purpose herein set forth.
Third. Constructing holders for the scraping or planing tools of stone working
machines, by fitting a stem carrying the tool to be slid within a tube by means of a
screw, substantially as herein described.

page_text: Fourth. The use for stone working of a revolving cutter, consisting of a head
with two chisel cutters secured therein by wedge keys, substantially as described
with reference to Figs. 8 and 9 of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Hunter, have hereunto set my hand,
and seal, this Twelfth day of March, in the year of our Lord One t
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.