IMPROVEMENTS IN LINT AND IN LINTING MACHINES
Year: 1849

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
GARNETT TAYLOR, of Burton Hall, in the County of Westmoreland, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by IIer
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, bearing, date at Westminster, the Twenty-fourth
day of November, One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine, in the thirteenth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said William Garnett Taylor, my exors, adiñors, and assigns,
Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said
William Garnett Taylor, my exors, adñors, and assigns, and such others
as I, the said William Garnett Taylor, my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, and in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and
Man, and in all Her said Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my In-
vention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LINT AND IN LINTING MACHINES;" in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said William Garnett Taylor,
should cause a particular description of the nature of the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the

page_text: the same, reference
And whereas I did,
date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
with the leave of Her Majesty's Solicitor General, enter and file with the
Clerk of the Patents of England, on the Twenty-third day of May, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty, a written Disclaimer of part of the Title of
the said Invention, pursuant to the Statute of the fifth and sixth years of the
reign of His late Majesty King William the Fourth, intituled "An Act to
amend the Law touching Letters Patent for Inventions," that is to say, I
disclaimed the words "in lint and," and altered the Title of the said Invention
to the words following, "Improvements in Linting Machines."
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso and Disclaimer,
I, the said William Garnett Taylor, hereby declare that the nature of the said
Improvements in Linting Machines, and in what manner the same are to be
performed, are fully described and ascertained in and by the present Specifi-
cation thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, that is
to say:
My Invention has for its object the production, in a more rapid and econo-
mical manner than heretofore, of that description of raised pile fabric which is
known by the name of "lint," and is used chiefly for surgical and therapeutical
purposes.
Figure 1 is a front elevation of a linting machine, embodying part of my
improvements; Figure 2, an end elevation thereof; Figure 3, a plan; and
Figure 4, a vertical section. The machine is represented in these Drawings
as ready for working. A, A, A, A, is a framework, on the top of which is
mounted a moveable frame B, which is jointed thereto by a back rail D, so
that the frame B may be free to rise and fall when acted upon, as herein-after
explained. C is the knife or scraper, by which the piling of the linen or other
fabric, or the converting of it into lint, is effected. It is attached to the front
edge of the moveable frame B, and rises and falls with it. C2 is a bed, over
which the web of cloth M to be piled or linted is carried, immediately under
the knife. This bed is formed of several thicknesses of felt, or other suitable
elastic substance, covered with leather, as separately represented in Figures
5 and 6, and herein-after described. F is a shaft, which has its bearings on
the two side rails of the framework, and is made to revolve by a band from
some prime mover applied to the pulley G. G is a loose pulley upon the
shaft F for receiving the band when it is desired to stop the machine without
interfering with the prime mover. His a tappet wheel upon the shaft F,
which, as that shaft revolves, lifts the frame B and knife C, by coming in con-
tact with the bracket F2. As soon as the tappet wheel drops out of contact

page_text: with the bracket, the frame and knife again descend of their own weight, with
the assistance of a spring H³. Attached to the head H³ of the framework H*
is a screw, by which the pressure of the spring H³ may be increased or
diminished at pleasure. I, I, are two other tappet wheels, affixed to the
shaft F, which wheels, in the progress of the revolution of the shaft, catch
against brackets I, I³, fixed to the front of a presser bar K, and bring that
bar down upon the web. As soon as this presser bar is liberated from the
action of the tappets, it is caused to ascend again by the action of a vulcanized
india-rubber band or spring K², which is passed over the centre bar of the
frame B, and is attached by its two ends to the presser bar. The ends of the
presser bar travel in two slotted brackets K³, Ks, affixed to the framework
(which act both as stops and guides to it), so that although the spring K
always exerts some degree of upward pressure, the presser bar cannot be
drawn up too far to get beyond the range of the action of the tappet
wheels I, I. The cloth is wound upon the beam M2, from one end of which
there is suspended, by a friction strap, a weight M³, to prevent the roller from
turning too freely, and also to keep the web in a proper state of tension for
being laid hold of by the feed and holding roller N. This feed roller is
covered with carding cloth or wire teeth, which lay and keep hold of the cloth,
preventing it from being drawn too rapidly forward by the scraping action of
the knife. O is another roller, covered with felt, which is mounted in slotted
bearing 0, 0, immediately over the feed roller N, and serves to press (by its
own weight) the cloth down upon the feed roller, so that the card teeth of the
latter may uniformly take hold of the web across its whole breadth. A com-
paratively slow motion is communicated to the feed roller from the shaft F,
through the intervention of endless screws P1, P2, and worm wheels R', R², so
that each lift of the knife is followed by but a very small advance of the
cloth to be linted. If a web be put into the machine, as indicated by the
dotted lines in Figure 4, and motion given to the shaft F, as before
explained, the tappets upon the wheel H cause the knife to rise about
three quarters of an inch, and then allow it to fall down upon the web;
but as the cloth rests upon an elastic surface, covered with leather, the
knife but very partially enters or cuts into the warp and weft of the cloth.
The instant the knife has thus fallen upon the cloth, and so laid hold of or
cut into it, the presser bar K is also made to descend upon it by the action of
the tappets on the wheels I, I, and as the web had, previous to the fall of the
knife, been drawn forward by the weight S, so as to be partially stretched
between the knife and the feed roller (being held by both of them), the descent
of the presser bar causes the cloth to be drawn back underneath the knife,

page_text: between which and the leather surface it meets with less résistance, than from
being drawn. over tlie card teeth of the feed roller. The scraping effect thus
produced by the web being drawn back underneath the knife raises a row of
pile upon the surface the whole breadth of the web, and each successive stroke
or fall of the knife, being, .accompanied by, the same movements; each stroke
raises an additional row of pile upon the surface, which action is continued
until the entire web is converted into the state in which it acquires the name
of "lint." The endless screws and worm wheels by which motion is commu-
nicated to the feed roller, are so calculated that they shall make the web
advance about one sixteenth of an inch each lift of the knife, and, the feed
roller is moreover, made to traverse from. one side of the machine towards: the
other at each revolution of the cam wheel Z. The lateral travel,thus: given to
the feed roller does not amount to more than one inch towards either side;
but serves to give uniformity to the raised pile surface. The machine is
provided with a roller U in front for the purpose. of enabling the weight S to
act instantly in stretching the cloth at each ascent of the. knife. The form of
the roller which I have found most suitable for this purpose is represented-in
Figures 1 and 3: It is made of greater diameter at the middle of its lengtli
than at the ends; 'in order that the web may be kept from puckering or getting
into folds under the knife. Figure 5 is a cross section, and Figure 6 a plan
shewing the manner in which the elastic. bed C, underneath the edge of the
knife, is formed.. a, a, are two ledges or lips which form a groove or channel
in the upper side of the front, rail of the machine, into which there are placed
a number of small cross bars of wood b, b: Beneath each of these cross bars
there are placed two! set or regulating screws c, c, which pass..through the
bottom of the front rail, by means of which screws the elastic padding e, e can
be raised or lowered at pleasure: The attendant upon the machine, can bý.
means of these screws adjust with the greatest readiness the bed to the edge of
the knife...
A modification of the preceding machine is represented in Figure 7 (a.
vertical section), in which; the knife or scraper, instead of always working in
one vertical plane, is made to act on the advancing cloth by a succession of
horizontal movements.:: A, A, is a framework; C; a knife or scraper; Ma
cloth beam; N, a carded feed roller; and O a pressing roller, all as: before.
The bed C consists in this case of iron, or wood, or some'. other, hard
substance, planed perfectly true. W, W2, are! two toothed wheels,
which gear, into. one another.. (revolving in opposite directions), the axes
of which have their bearings. in standards. S', .S², bolted to the top. of the
framework. On the axis of the wheel W', to which the driving pulley.

page_text: is attached, there is fixed an eccentric E³, which is connected by an
arm or rod C³ to the knife C, and imparts to it a to-and-fro. motion); and on
the axis of the other (W?) there is a tappet or. cam F2, which acts on the
arm C³, and produces at each revolution of the eccentric a corresponding
ascent of the knife. Thus at each successive revolution of the 'wheels
(W, W) the knife is raised up from the web of cloth, and is carried
back to the rear of the bed (or to such other distance backward, as may
correspond with the throw of the eccentric). The knife or scraper then 'falls.
on the web, and as it advances from the rear to the front of the bed, presses
on the surface of, the web, and raises a pile thereon. Ris a roller. on which
the web, after being linted, is wound as it comes from the bed C, and. R³ a
weight suspended from a pulley p, by which the web so wound is kept tight and
even. T³ is a buffer stop made of. vulcanized caoutchouc,. or metallo-thianized
gutta percha, which is attached to one side of the standard S2, and projects
over the arm of the knife: The use of this stop is to. limit the ascent of the;
arm (C³) to its proper range, and also to deaden the noise attending the
working of the machine. A crank may be substituted for the excentric E².
:
A linting, machine differing materially from both the preceding is represented
in Figure 8 (a vertical section). In this machine the linting is effected by means
of revolving cutters or knives. A number of the parts are the same as in the
machine first herein-before described, namely, the framework A, A, the bed: C²,
the cloth beam M2, the feed roller' N, the pressing roller O, the endless screws
P1, P2, and the worm wheels R', R². F'is the main shaft of the machine,
which has its bearings H, H, fixed to the framework A; A (only one of these
bearings is seen in the Drawing): C, C, C, are three knives or blades,
which are affixed to the shaft F by means of arms H2, H2, H2, upon which
the blades are accurately adjusted by means of bolts and nuts.a, a, to suit the
bed.C², which last, can be raised or lowered as may be required by screws.b, b,
one at each end. The driving pulley.. G. is indicated by dotted lines, its
position being upon the off side of the,machine. Vis, a roller over, which the
web passes in front from the bed. C, after it has been linted. On motion
being communicated. to the shaft F.in the direction of the arrows, the knives.
C, C, C, successively copie down upon the web, and produce a partially.
cutting and partially scraping effect upon it, and, thereby raise the pile thereon.
(or give it the lint surface required): Instead of the bed C being made flat.
as usual; it may, be curved on the upper surface to suit the circle, described by.
the edges, of: the, knives, as shewn in the cross section of such a bed given in
Figure 9.
:
Figure 10 is an end elevation, and Figure 11 a front elevation, of another

page_text: linting machine, in which the bed as well as the knives are made to rotate.
A, A, represent a framework as before. B is the cloth beam. C, C, two
feed rollers, which are covered on their surfaces with buff leather, or other
such yielding but roughish substance, so that they may take a good hold of
the cloth. D, D, D, are the cutters which are mounted upon the main shaft
E (as shewn in Figure 11"), which is put in motion by a band so as to revolve
in the direction indicated by the arrows. F is a roller, which is substituted
for the flat bed C, it is covered upon its periphery with vulcanized india
rubber or metallo-thionized gutta percha, which is again covered over with a
thin covering of leather to form a proper surface for the web to rest upon.
G is a roller for receiving upon it the cloth as it is linted. Motion is commu-
nicated to the feed rollers C, C, by means of endless screws and worm wheels,
as in the other machines described. H, H, is a guage or guide mounted upon
the top of the machine over the knives, by means of which they may be
readily set so as to be fixed truly upon their axis. Instead of having knives
fitted upon the main shaft of the two machines last described, sets of combs
may be substituted for them, but in this case care must be taken to place the
teeth of one comb so that they will take into or fall upon the intervals between
the teeth of the preceding comb. If such an arrangement be not attended to
the linted surface produced will be streaked and uneven. Again, instead of
the knives being immoveably affixed to the main shaft or revolving spindle of
the two machines last herein-before described, they may be made to slide up
and down upon the arms by which they are connected to the shaft by means
of cams placed at each end of the shaft and affixed to the framework, as
exemplified in Figure 13. F is the main shaft; G, G, G, the arms to which
the knives H, H, I, are attached by bolts and nuts a, a, a, but so as to leave
the knives at liberty to slide out from and in towards the shaft or axis. K, K,
is the cam, in which there is a groove b, b, which causes the knives to come
down upon the bed at the proper instant to produce a cut, and then to scrape
over the surface of the web and raise the pile.
Figure 12 is a vertical section of another machine, in which the knife is
stationary, but the bed (C) is made to move to and fro under the knife. M² is
a cloth beam; N, a feed roller; O, a pressing roller; P1, P2, endless screws;
R1, R2, worm wheels, all as before, but differently placed. The bed C² slides
to and fro on V-guides (x, x), and is connected by a rod C to a crank C³, on
the main driving shaft G; or the bed may have a fixed centre upon which it
may rock or ossillate instead of slide on V-grooves. The upper surface would
be convex, the convexity being drawn by a radius from the centre, upon which
it would oscillate. The beds, whether flat or circular, instead of being con-

page_text: structed in the manner shewn in Figures 5 and 6, and before described, may
be composed of an upper surface of leather on a substratum of vulcanized
caoutchouc or metallo-thionized gutta percha; or the leathern upper surface
may be altogether dispensed with, and the bed be composed wholly of
vulcanized caoutchouc or metallo-thionized gutta percha.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I make no claim to the
raising of a pile on linen or other fabrics by the cutting and scraping action
of a straight-edged knife, for I am aware that knives having that action and
worked by treadles have been used before, but that the improvements which I
claim are as follow:-
First, I claim the improved linting machine represented in Figures 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, and 6, and before described, in the general arrangement, combination,
and peculiar adaptation of parts of which the same consists, that is to say, in
so far as regards the composition and construction of the bed C (separately
represented in Figures 5 and 6), the regulation of the movements of the knife
by means of the revolving shaft F, tappet wheels II and I, I, springs H², K²,
and screw H, the carded feed roller N and pressing roller O, and the regulation
of the movements of the cloth by means of the endless screws P', P2, worm
wheels R', R2, and presser bar K.
Second, I claim the modification represented in Figure 7, and before
described, in so far as regards the combined to and fro and rising and falling
motion given to the knife, and the combination of parts on which such
motion depends.
Third, I claim the linting machine represented in Figure 8, and before
described, in so far as regards the adaptation of revolving cutters or knives to
the linting or raising of a pile on linen and other fabrics.
Fourth, I claim the linting machine represented in Figures 10 and 11, and
before described, in so far as regards the combination of rotating knives or
cutters with a revolving bed for linting purposes.
Fifth, I claim the employment of combs instead of knives for linting
purposes, as before described.
Sixth, I claim the employment in linting machines of knives made to slide
by means of cams, as before described.
Seventh, I claim the linting machine described in Figure 12, in so far as
regards the reciprocating bed C², and the combination therewith of the parts
on which the reciprocating motion of such bed depends.
Eighth, I claim the employment in linting machines of elastic beds com-
posed partly or wholly of vulcanized caoutchouc or metallo-thionized gutta
perchia, as before described. And,

page_text: Ninth, I claim the employment in linting machines generally of any one,
two, or more of the parts herein-before specifically claimed by me, however
such machines may in other respects be constructed.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Garnett Taylor, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of May, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty.

page_text: DISCLAIMER.
En the Matter of a Patent granted to WILLIAM GARNETT TAYLOR, of
Burton Hall, in the County of Westmoreland, Gentleman, for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LINT AND IN LINTING MACHINES," bearing date
the Twenty-fourth day of November, One thousand, eight hundred
and forty-nine.
DISCLAIMER entered by the said William Garnett Taylor with the Clerk
of the Patents of England, pursuant to an Act passed in the fifth and
sixth years of the reign of His late Majesty King William the Fourth,
intituled "An Act to amend the Law touching Letters Patent for
Inventions."
I, the said William Garnett Taylor, declare that I hereby disclaim the
words "in Lint and" in the Title of the said Letters Patent, so that it shall
stand in the form following, that is to say, Improvements in Linting
Machines.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Garnett Taylor, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-first day of May, in
the year of our Lord 1850, the aforesaid William Garnett Taylor came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Disclaimer
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Disclaimer aforesaid was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-fourth dox of Mor in the work of our
...T
Enrolled the Twenty fourth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty.