Improvements in Windows.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Dec., 1898-Accepted, 15th Apr., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Windows.
We, ELMER MYERS, and MRS. GERTRUDE DRIGGS, of Home Avenue, in the
City of Dayton, in the County of Montgomery, in the State of Ohio, in the United
States of America, Brokers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:
This invention relates to improvements in window constructions, and it more
particularly relates to such constructions wherein the windows or their vertically
sliding sashes are mounted to turn upon pivots for the purpose of more readily
and scientifically regulating the draught and incidentally for more ready and
convenient cleaning.
This invention consists in certain new uses, constructions, arrangements, com-
binations and modes of operation of the different parts as will hereinafter more
fully appear and be specifically mentioned on the annexed claims.
The objects of our invention are attained in the present instance by the means
illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which,
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of a portion of the casing and sash constructed
and for use in accordance with our invention, the section line passing through
the pivots of the upper and lower sash.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional plan view of the parts shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a front elevation of one of the guides for use on the upper sash, and
showing a portion of the slot in which it slides.
Fig. 4 is a front view of one of the eliptical trunnions or pivots for use upon
and projecting from opposite sides of, in this instance, the upper sash.
Fig. 5 is a front view of one of the guides for use, in this instance, on the lower
sash.
Fig. 6 is a front view of one of the bearings for use with and inserted on opposite
sides of the lower sash, in this instance.
Fig. 7 is a front view of the locking plate for use on the lower sash.
Fig. 8 is a sectional plan view illustrating the locking mechanism for use on
the lower sash.
Fig. 9 is a sectional plan view of the locking mechanism for use on the upper
sash.
Fig. 10 is a sectional view of the lower portion of one of the stiles of the
window sash and showing the supplemental locking bolt 75 used with each sash.
Fig. 11. is a front elevation of a window using our invention with weights for
counter-balancing the sashes a portion of the left said of the casing and sash
being broken away to more clearly show the same.
.
Fig. 12 is an enlarged sectional plan view of one side of the window shown in
Fig. 11, the section being taken on a line passing horizontally through the pivot
point of each sash; and
Fig. 13 is an enlarged sectional plan view of the outer edge of the stiles of
the window sash showing the use of the weather strip therewith.

page_text: Like characters of reference are employed to designate corresponding parts
throughout the several views.
In the drawings 10 represents the stile or side frame of the upper sash at about
the center of which is inserted a plate 11, Figs. 1, 2, 4, 9 & 11 suitably secured
to the stile 10 by screws or other convenient means. Projecting from plate 11 is
cliptical pins 12, Fig. 4, passing through vertical slot 13, Fig. 2, in oppositely
arranged strips 14, said pin 12 engaging in an eliptical opening 15, Fig. 3, formed
in a bifurcated bar 16, slidably mounted in vertical slot 17, Figs. 2, 3, & 9, formed
in and toward the rear of said portions 14, said slot 17 connecting with and being
an enlargement of said slot 13. To the top of said bar 16 is connected a flexible
cord 18 of woven fabric or metal, which cord 18 passes. vertically upward in said
slot 17 and over pulley 19 in the pulley stile 20 of the window casing. Said cord 18
then passes vertically downward on the inside of said. pulley stile 20 and over a
pulley 21, Figs. 1 & 2, thence vertically upward to and over pulley 22 mounted
on the opposite side of said pulley stile 20.
From pulley 22, said cord 18 passes vertically downward and connects with the
guide 23 for the lower sash, as hereinafter specified. The lower bifurcated ends
of bars 16 at opposite sides of the upper sash are provided with bearing surfaces 24
adapted to engage the sides of slots 17 at opposite sides of the upper sash when
said pins 12 are caused to turn in their openings 15 of bar 16 by the turning of the
upper sash upon its pivots. The engagement of said bearing surfaces 24 of bars 16
with the sides of said slot 17 clamps and locks said bars 16 at the same height on
opposite sides of said sash and in their respective slots 17 and prevents the upper
sash from assuming a twisted position or other than a horizontal position when
said sash is turned on its pivots in the casing.
If one sash, for instance the lower sash, would not be turned on its pivots at
a time when the upper sash were also turned on its pivots, said clamping or locking
of said bars 16 would be unnecessary were the cords 18 connected to opposite sides
of one sash with the same sides of the other sash, as in the present instance, for
the reason that when one sash is parallel with its casing and the other sash is
turned on its pivots at right angles to its casing, the latter sash has only a narrow
surface of contact with its casing equal to the thickness of the sash, and the
pivotal bearings for said sash must be supported in some way, such as the cords 18
connecting with the pivots of the unturned sash, to prevent the turned sash from
being twisted out of a horizontal position in its casing. However, since each sash
is capable of being turned, the locking bars 16 have, in this instance, been provided
for the pivots of only one sash, and the bearings 29 for the other sash are
supported by the cords 18 on opposite sides of the sash and connecting with the
pivots of the other sash, so as to prevent said twisting of either or both sashes when
both are turned on their pivots in the casing.
In the instance hereinafter described with reference to Figures 11 and 12, where
separate weights are employed to counterbalance each sash, the sashes are not
connected by cords, and the pivots of each sash are provided with the clamping and
locking bars 16, so as to prevent said twisting of each sash when turned on its
pivots in the casing, in the manner heretofore described.
The guides 23 for the lower sash are slidingly mounted on opposite sides in
slots 25 formed in the adjacent rear edges of portions 26 separated on their outer
faces by a slot 27 through which projects a rectangular lug 28 integral with
guides 23, Figures 1, 2 and 5. Said projection 28 slides freely in slot 27 and is
provided with a central projecting pivot portion 29 provided with bearings in
thimble 30, Figure 6, secured to and imbedded in the opposite stiles 31 of the
lower sash, Figure 8.
The stiles 10 and 31 respectively of the upper and lower sash are in bearing and
sliding contact with the outer faces respectively of portions 14 and 26 on opposite
sides, and the stile 10 is provided with rounded or bevelled corners 32 and the
portions 14 are provided with correspondingly rounded outer corners 33; while

page_text: the stile 31 is provided with rounded or bevelled corners 34 and the portions 26
are provided with correspondingly rounded or bevelled corners 35, Fig. 2.
Toward the outer or weather side the stiles 10 & 31 respectively of the upper
and lower sash are each provided with the vertical channel 36, Figs. 2 & 13, in
which is secured a weather strip 37 preferably formed of a hollow tube of flexible
material secured to the window stile only at the inner edge of said tube.
The pulley 21, Figs. 1 & 2, is revolubly mounted in a frame 60, Figs. 1 & 2,
separate from the pivotal support for the pulleys 19 & 22 and is rigidly secured
below said pulleys and adjacent to that portion of each pulley stile 20 which is
removable when the sash is raised, it being a rectangular portion 61 preferably
bevelled at, its upper end and fitting against a correspondingly bevelled portion of
the stile 20 and secured thereto preferably by screw 62, said portion 61 being for
the purpose of readily permitting the pulleys 21 and their frames 60 to be secured
in position after the window casing is set in position, and is termed the weight
pocket or removable panel, being located near the lower end of each pulley stile
and adapted to be removed when the lower sash is raised. The axes of the
pulleys 21 on opposite sides are substantially in line with the adjacent faces of said
sashes, while the grooved peripheries of said pulleys 21 are at right angles to and
terminate substantially in line with the grooved peripheries of the pulleys 19 & 22,
so that said cord 18 runs substantially vertically between said pulleys. As said
pulleys 21 are at a distance below the pulleys 19 & 22 located near the top of each
stile, said vertical portions of said cord 18 between said pulleys is about the extent
of vertical movement of said sashes, so that one portion of said cord passes only
over said pulley 19, and a different and further portion of said cord passes only
over said pulley 22, thereby preventing the passage of the same portion of said
cord in reverse curves over said pulleys and distributing the usual wear throughout
the length of said cord, all of which materially adds to the efficiency and durability
of said cord.
It is apparent that when the pulleys 21 are mounted adjacent the usual weight
pocket or removable panel in each stile, said pulleys and cords may be secured
in position and our invention readily attached to the window casings already in
use without disturbing or marring the casings. The L-shaped portions 14 & 26
are secured between the projections 63, 64 & 65, between and guided by which
the ordinary vertically sliding sash is adapted to slide, the height of said por-
tions 14 & 26 being, in case old sashes are used, removed from the vertical stiles
of the sash.
From the foregoing description it is apparent that when the lower sash is raised,
the upper sash is correspondingly lowered, and that if it is desired to admit fresh
air at the top only the upper sash can be turned more or less upon its pivot 12;
likewise if fresh air is desired to be admitted only at the bottom the lower
sash can be turned more or less upon its bearings 30 for pivots 29.
It will likewise be observed that since the upper and lower sash are connected
with and counterbalance each other through said cords 18, one of the sashes when
turned on its pivots is kept from twisting out of a horizontal position in the
casing by the other sash remaining unturned in the casing; but when both sashes
are turned on their pivots they are either or both liable to be moved out of a
horizontal position and become twisted in the casing unless some means, such
as the clamping bars 16 with their eccentric pivots 12 are employed in opposite
sides of one of the sashes to lock the bars 16 of said one sash at the same height
on opposite sides and thus keep said sash in a horizontal position in the window
casing whenever both sashes are turned. In order to lock the lower sash at any
convenient turned position, I provided a plate 50, Figs. 7 & 8, adjacent to the
stile 31 on one or both sides of the lower sash and integral with the rectangular
portion 28 of guide 23. Said plate is provided with a series of openings 51 arranged
in the arc of a circle concentric with the pivot 29. The sash 31 is provided with
a laterally sliding bolt 52, Fig. 8, having an operating projection 53 for moving

page_text: said bolt 52 into one of said openings 51 in said plate 50 for the purpose of
locking the lower sash at any convenient turned position, as heretofore specified.
In order to lock the upper sash in any of its convenient turned positions, I pro-
vided a bifurcated plate 54 secured to the opposite members of said bar 16 by
projections passing through the said slot 13, Fig. 9. Said plate 54 being provided
with a series of openings similar to said plate 50 and adapted to receive a bolt 55
with operating projection 56 for locking said upper sash at pre-determined turned
positions as heretofore specified for the lower sash 31.
Plates 50 & 54 are provided with recesses in the stiles of the window sash, and
said plates are formed round for the purpose of conveniently forming said
recesses and for turning the windows into desirable positions without leaving an
unsightly opening in the edge of the stiles of each window sash.
In Figs. 10 & 11 is illustrated a bolt 75 having operating projection 76 and, in
this instance, imbedded in each of the sashes near their lower ends or as far away
from the pivot points of the sash as convenient and on one or both edges of each
window sash as desired. This bolt 75 is adapted to be thrown into engagement
with a vertical guide in the window casing, in this instance the slots 13 & 27,
between the L-shaped portions 14 & 26, as a lock to prevent the turning of a
window sash from the outside when the window is closed or raised; while the
bolts 52 & 55 engaging respectively with lock plates 50 & 54, Figs. 8 & 9, are for
the purpose of locking the window sash in a turned and opened position to prevent
them from being further turned from the outside.
It is obvious that in lieu of the bolts 75, an ordinary fastening may be used
between the upper and lower meeting rails respectively of the lower and upper
window sash, but when such fastening is employed without the bolts 75 no guide
is obtained to prevent the accidental turning of one or the other sash when being
raised; and a fastening between said meeting rails of said sash is contemplated by
our invention for the purpose of preventing the lower window sash from being
raised from the outside after said fastening has been secured.
Some may desire to use our invention with the weights for counterbalancing
both the upper and lower sliding sash of the window, in which case both the upper
and the lower sash are provided and attached to and connected with the parts
heretofore described for the upper sash 10 shown in Figs. 1 & 2 and more
specifically in Fig. 9, and the parts 16 are connected at their tops with cords 80
& 81, the cords 80 on opposite sides supporting the weight of the lower sash 31,
Fig. 11, while the cord 81 supports the weight of the upper sash; said cords 80
passing over the pulleys 22, Fig. 11, in the upper end of the stiles of the window
casing, and the cords 81 passing over the pulleys 19 and at the ends of each of
said cords 80 & 81 is attached a weight 82, Figs. 11 & 12, two of said weights 82
being in this manner connected to and counterbalancing each of the window sashes.
The object of providing both the upper and the lower sash with the attachments
heretofore described for the upper sash 10 is to lock each of the guide bars 16 to
the window casing upon the turning of the sash, said bars 16 being locked or
clamped to the window casing on opposite sides of each sash so that the pivots
or trunnions of each sash are maintained in horizontal alignment so that when the
window sash is again turned to a vertical position it will be parallel with the win-
dow casing, which would not be the case at times if the bars 16 were not locked
to maintain the horizontal alignment of the trunnions or pivots of the sash when
the sash was turned to a horizontal position.
In Figs. 1, 2, 7, 8, 9 & 10, of the drawings, we have shown our invention as
applied to the ordinary form of window casing, in our locality, for the purpose
of showing the adaptability of our invention to windows that may be already in
use, but in Figs. 11 & 12 we have illustrated a form of casing which may be con-
structed for use with our invention when a window and its casing is being
manufactured. It consists of a casing provided on opposite sides with a flat pulley
stile 90 having slots 91 & 92 extending therethrough answering the purpose of

page_text: the slots 13 & 27 heretofore described and shown more fully in Figs. 8 & 9 of
the drawings. Said slots 91 & 92 extend vertically in said stiles 90 the distance
which the sash 31 & 10 are adapted to move vertically while upon the inner face
of said stiles 90 on opposite sides are formed strips 93, 94 & 95 between which the
several bars 16 are adapted to slide as shown in Fig. 12 and against which said
bars 16 are adapted to be clamped to maintain the alignment of the window sash
in their turned positions, as has been heretofore stated, said strips 93, 94 & 95
serving the purpose in this instance of the slots 17 & 25 heretofore described and
more clearly shown in Figs. 8 & 9.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim, is:-
1st. In a window, the use of a casing having oppositely located pulley stiles;
an upper and a lower sash sliding between said pulley stiles in different planes;
pulleys (19 and 22) mounted near the top of each pulley stile in substantially the
same horizontal plane; a pulley (21) revolubly mounted in a frame separate from
the pivotal support of said pulleys, (19 and 22) and secured adjacent to a removable
panel in each stile, the axis of said pulleys, (21), being substantially in line with
the adjacent edges of said sash; a separate cord passing over said pulleys in each
stile, the ends of each cord being respectively secured to the upper and lower
sash; whereby said pulleys are adapted to engage different portions of said cords;
substantially as specified.
2nd. In a window, the use of the upper and lower sash and the casing therefor,
having a sub-casing arranged intermediate each sash and the casing, said sub-
casing extending substantially the length of said casing and being formed of
separate stationary strips secured to and projecting beyond any other part of
said casing; bevelled corners for the vertical exterior edges of said stationary
strips and said sash; a pivot in the slot between said strips and connected with said
sash on opposite sides, and cords connecting with said pivots and running over
pulleys in the pulley stile, substantially as specified.
3rd. In a window, the use of a sash and casing with separated stationary por-
tions (26) intermediate the sash and casing which project beyond said casing, an
enlarged slot in the edges of said portions adjacent the casing, a pivot projecting
from said slot and having a bearing in the sash, a pulley in the pulley stile of the
casing, and a cord in said slot and connecting with said pivot and running over
said pulley, substantially as specified.
4th. In a window, the use of the sash and casing, with portions (26) inter-
mediate said casing and sash, slots (25 & 27) in said portions (26), a guide (23) in
said slot (25), a pivot (29) projecting from said guide (23) through said slot (27)
and provided with a bearing in thimble (30) attached to the sash, a pulley in the
pulley stile of the casing, and a cord running over said pulley, and connected
with said guide (23), substantially as specified.
5th. In a window, the use of the sash and casing, and a pulley in the pulley
stile of the casing, with portions (26) between said casing and sash, slots (25 & 27)
in said portions, a guide (23) sliding vertically in slot (25), a rectangular por-
tion (28) on said guide sliding vertically in slot (27), a pivot (29) projecting from
said portion (28) and provided with a bearing in thimble (30) secured to the sash,
and a cord running over said pulley and connected with said guide (23) for
counterbalancing said sash, substantially as specified.
6th. In a window, the use of the upper and lower sash, the casing therefor, and
pulleys in opposite sides of the pulley stile of the casing; with portions (26)
intermediate the casing and sash on opposite sides; slots (25 & 27) on opposite
sides in said portions; a guide (23) in each slot (25); a pivot passing through
slot (27) and pivoting the sash to said guide (23); a cord on each vertical side of
said sash and running over said pulley and connecting with guide (23) on one
side with the same side of the other sash; beveled corners (34) upon said sash ;

page_text: and beveled corners (35) upon the outer corners of said portions, (26); sub-
stantially as specified.
7th. In a window, the use of a casing, and one or more vertically moving sashes
in said casing, with stationary portions on opposite sides of said casing for meeting
said sashes, one or more movable members at each side of said casing; pivots con-
necting opposite sides of said sashes with said movable member, a slot in and near
the weather edge of the sashes, and a curve-faced yielding weather strip secured only
at one edge to the bottom of said slot and adapted to contact with said stationary
portions, substantially as specified.
8th. In a turning and sliding window, the use of a curve-faced yielding weather
strip near the weather edge of the sash, substantially as specified.
9th. In a window, the use of a slot formed near the weather edge of the sash
and a yielding strip secured therein, substantially as specified.
10th. In a window, the use of a sash and the window casing, with a bar on
opposite sides of said sash, a pivoted connection between said bar and sash, and
means actuated by the turning of said sash upon its pivots for locking said bar
in any position to said casing, substantially as specified.
11th. In a window, the use of a sash, a casing for the window, and pulleys in
the pulley stiles of the casing, with a bar intermediate the casing and sash and
sliding with said sash upon opposite sides, cords connecting with said bars and
running over said pulleys and adapted to counterbalance said sash, a pivoted con-
nection between said sashes and bars, and means for clamping said bars to the
casing at any point throughout the movement of said bars and upon the turning
of the sash upon its pivot, substantially as specified.
12th. In a window, the use of a sash, a casing for the window, and pulleys in
the pulley stiles of said casing, with bars sliding in vertical slots in the casing
and on opposite sides of said sash, an eccentric pivot (12) projecting from opposite
sides of and moving with the sash, an eccentric bearing (15) in each of said
bars for said pivots (12) each of said bars being bifurcated through their bear-
ings (15) and provided with bearings (24) on opposite sides adapted to lock said
bars in their vertical slots in the easing when eccentric pivots (12) turn in their
Learings (15) upon the turning of the sash, substantially as specified.
13th. In a window, the use of the sliding sashes, and the stationary casing
against which said sashes slide, with two slots in opposite sides of the casing,
bar (16) sliding in one of said slots, a pivoted connection between said bars and
one of said sashes, a guide (23) sliding in the other of said slots, a pivoted connec-
tion between the other of said sashes and said guides (23), substantially as
specified.
14th. In a window, the use of the sash, and the casing therefor, with the bars (16)
on opposite sides of one sash, a pivoted connection between said sash and bars.
a guide on opposite sides of the other sash, a cord connecting said bars with said
guides and adapted to counterbalance one sash with the other sash, and means
actuated by the turning of one of said sash upon its pivots for locking the bars of
said one sash in any position to the casing, substantially as specified.
15th. In a window, the use of the sash and casing, with bars sliding in slots
on opposite sides of each sash, a pivoted connection between said sashes and bars,
and means for locking the bars at any point to said casing on the turning of the
sash with which said bars are pivotally connected, substantially as specified.
16th. In a sliding and turning window, the use of a withdrawable projection
and a vertical slot intermediate the sash and casing, one of said parts being
carried by the sash and the other by the casing, substantially as specified.
17th. In a sliding and turning window, the use of a withdrawable bolt near the
one end of the sash adapted to engage with a slot in the casing, substantially as
specified.
18th. In a sliding and turning window, the use of a withdrawable projection
adapted to engage a plate sliding with the sash for locking the sash from the

page_text: inside in its turned positions, for preventing outsiders from further turning said
window, substantially as specified.
19th. In a sliding and turning window, the use of a bolt in the turning window
sash, a plate sliding but not turning with said window sash, and a series of recesses
in said plate in which said bolt is adapted to engage, substantially as specified.
20th. In a window, the use of a sash, with a flat stationary casing against which
said sash is adapted to slide, a pivot projecting from opposite sides of said sash,
a narrow slot in the opposite sides of said casing for said pivots, an enlarged slot
at the bottom of and parallel with each of said narrow slots, said pivots being
secured to or bearing in said guides, a pulley mounted in said casing adjacent one
wall of each of said enlarged slots, and sash counterbalancing cord passing over
said pulleys and connected to said guides; whereby the sash guides and counter-
balance cords are enclosed; substantially as specified.
1
1311
Lamban 1808
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicants.