Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Nov., 1887
Complete Left, 29th Feb., 1888
Complete Accepted, 27th Apr., 1888
We GEORGE BENJAMIN ALBERT GIBBONS and CHARLES JOHN MCEWEN both of
the Liverpool Gas-works in the City of Liverpool, Gas Engineers, do hereby declare
of the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object, the continuous recording of the length of flame
emitted from a standard jet burner, with a given pressure, and in still air, and thus
of ascertaining the quality of the gas in candles and parts thereof.
In carrying out our invention, we supply the standard burner with gas governed
in the usual manner, and protected with a regulation glass. At a suitable distance
from the flame, we place a dark box, having a short narrow vertical slit or circular
hole in its side, exactly opposite the centre of the flame, and, in this box with its
centre in line with the slit and the flame, we place a drum revolved by clock-work,
once in twenty-four hours, or other desired time. On this drum is stretched a sheet
of photographic sensitive paper, encompassing its periphery. This drum, revolves
immediately behind a second slit, sufficiently long to emit the whole of the rays of
light, and crossing this slit at regulated distances, are fine wires, so spaced as to give
by their shadows, photographed on the sensitive paper, a series of lines, forming a
candle power scale, upon which, the lengths of flame photographed, can be read off.
Preferably on the same spindle as the aforesaid drum, we place a pressure recording
drum with a graduated paper on its periphery, upon which, presses a pencil connected
with a pressure gauge.
In place of the two drums, the slit can be filled with a glass
tube, a coloured or opaque liquor in this tube can indicate the pressure, and be
photographed with the flame upon the paper, or in place of a tube, a pointer connected
with the pressure gauge (and preferably rather thicker than any of the wires) can be
made to cross immediately in front of the slot, and rise and fall with the pressure. A
band, a little thicker than the wire, will thus be photographed on the sensitive paper,
rising and falling and forming a profile, showing exactly the pressure, contemporaneous
with the photographic image of the flame length. The whole are placed in a cabinet,
with ruby glass doors. The dark box can be formed with a cover to fold over the
slit and close it, when the drum is removed for changing the paper.

page_text: The mode of action is as follows:-
The drum being covered with the sensitive paper and fixed in the dark box, and the
slit covered, all these operations being performed in a dark chamber, the dark box
with its contents is placed in a ruby glass cabinet, and put into gear with the clock
work. The slide is opened and the burner lit. The centre line of rays from the flame
will be reversed on the sensitive paper after passing through the two slits, and, as the
drum revolves, the sensitive paper will be affected according to the variation of the
height of flame extending throughout the twenty-four hours length. The sensitised
paper when developed giving a continuous dark band showing the variations of
height. If the pointer of a rectlinear moving pressure gauge has been placed across
the slit at right angles, an irregular profile line will show the exact pressure at the
same time. A barometer is preferably placed on or near the apparatus, and the
pressure regulated once a day or oftener, to allow for, or correct irregularities caused
by difference of barometric pressure.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
6, Lord Street, Liverpool,
Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or Appertaining to Photometers for Gas
Purposes.
We, GEORGE BENJAMIN ALBERT GIBBONS and CHARLES JOHN MCEWEN both of
Liverpool Gas-works in the city of Liverpool, Gas Engineers do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has for its object the continuous recording of the length of flame
emitted from a standard jet burner, with a given pressure, and in still air, and thus of
ascertaining the quality of the gas in candles and parts thereof.
The invention is best described by aid of the accompanying drawings, in which :-
Figure 1 vertical section of our apparatus.
Figure 2 horizontal section through line A, A.
Figure 3 horizontal section through line B, B.
Figure 4 horizontal section through line C, C.
Figure 5 detail of camera plate and slit.
Figure 6 enlarged view of a portion of Figure 2.
Figure 7 front of dark box showing shutter and slit.
Figure 8 indicator of pressure gauge.
Figure 9 photographic diagram.
The five last Figures are on a larger scale than the rest; in these :-
A is the standard burner. This is supplied with gas through the pipe a, having an
inlet at a¹ and fitted preferably at some convenient point within the case with a
micrometer cock. The gas is governed in the usual manner by a governor J. The
burner is fitted with graduated glasses A¹. On the centre division of the case, we fix
the camera plate C, preferably of brass, and having a short, narrow, vertical slit (",
or circular hole at or about its centre, and exactly opposite the centre line of flame.
Behind the slit C¹ is preferably placed a piece of glass 02, which prevents a current
of air passing through the slit into the burner chamber, and disturbing the flame. At
a suitable distance from the flame, and on the opposite side of the central division of
the case, we place a dark box B, preferably lined with black velvet, and held in
position against the partition by a set screw b. In this box with its centre in line with
the slit and the flame, we place a drum D, revolved by clock-work E once in twenty-
four hours, or other desired time. On this drum is stretched a sheet of photographic
sensitive paper, encompassing its periphery, and held thereon by any suitable clipping
device. This drum revolves immediately behind a second slit F, formed preferably in
a brass plate F¹, with inner flanges F, almost touching the drum to keep out
reflected light. The slit F is sufficiently long to permit of the passage through it of
the whole of the rays of light, which fall into the slit C. Crossing the slit Fat
regulated or preferably adjusted distances, are one or more fine wires f (Figure 6),
so spaced as to give by their shadows, when photographed on the sensitive paper, a
line or series of lines, such as fl. (Figure 9). These form a candle power scale, upon

page_text: which, the lengths of flame as photographed, can be read off. In the drawing, only
one such line and fine wire is shown, this being all that is necessary in most cases, the
wire being adjusted to correspond with the minimum illuminating power of the gas.
The serrated line f' represents the varying illuminating power of the gas throughout
the day.
G is a pressure indicating dial, on which works the indicator pointer g. This is
actuated by float H, by means of a string over a pulley h¹ in the usual manner.
The gas is led into the tank H' of the pressure gauge by a branch pipe a².
The clock spindle e carries a pointer el, which moves over a graduated dial plate e³,
and is of use in adjusting the position of paper drum D within the dark box,. with
reference to the hands of the clock E. The spindle e is connected with the drum
spindle by a detachable coupling e³ of any suitable construction. The continuation of
the pointer g beyond the axis is bent as at g', to clear the clock spindle e, and carries
suspended from it a stirrup I, shown in detail in Figure 9. The stirrup I hangs down
close to and across the slit F in the line of light, so that by intercepting the light it
shall be photographically shown as a diagrammatic line 3, which records the pressure
of the gas contemporaneously with the length of flame. In place of this, an independent
recording apparatus, such as described in our provisional. specification, as an alternative
can be used, but we prefer the above. J, is the governor. K, K, ventilating
chimneys. L, L, holes for free circulation of air, to prevent the apparatus heating.
M, shutter for closing the slit in the dark box. By pushing in this shutter, the slit is
closed when the box is to be removed. N, N, ruby glass windows in outer casing for
inspecting the apparatus when at work.
The mode of operating is as follows:-
When a continuous record has been taken, the shutter M is closed, the set screw b
undone, and the coupling e slacked off, thus liberating the drum from the clock-
work. The box containing the drum is now removed to a dark room, the side door Q
and the cover piece R covering a slot in the top removed, and the drum and spindle
withdrawn through the open slot and side. The paper is then taken off the drum and
developed by the ordinary process, giving a continuous record in black and white, (as
in Figure 9) of the quality of the gas passed during the working period. From this
record, any number of prints can be produced in case of disputes. A new paper is
then fixed on the drum, and the whole reinstated as before. The wire or wires f
across the slot are adjusted once for all by a Referee's Standard photometer, to
determine the length of flame required at a given pressure for twenty candles power,
or for the various candles power required by the Gas Acts.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. A photometric apparatus in which the length of flame is continuously or
intermittently recorded on a rotating drum, travelling band, or its equivalent.
2. A photometric apparatus so constructed as to contemporaneously and
photographically record the length of flame, and the pressure of the gas.
3. The photometric apparatus constructed as a whole, substantially as herein
described.
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