Coke, or other Granular substances.
Year: 1887

page_text: Coke, or other Granular substances.
We, JOHN ARTHUR YEADON, of 4, Albion Place, Leeds, in the County of York,
and ROBERT MIDDLETON, of Sheepscar Foundry Meanwood Road, Leeds, in the
County of York, both Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
Our present Invention is for the purpose of reducing the time required for drying
the materials, for increasing the durability of the machinery or apparatus, and for
turning out the materials uniformly dry, and also cold if desirable; and is connected
with, and a further improvement of, the Machinery for which we applied for
Provisional Protection on June 11, 1887, numbered 8414.
Our Invention consists in the use or application of a revolving Cylinder or Barrel,
fitted internally with plates or blades, and which Cylinder may be carried on suitable
rollers at each end as shown, or by central shaft or gudgeons, and actuated by gearing
or other driving motion to rotate in or over a Furnace heated by fire, gas, or air; to
be fitted at the feeding end with a closed plate having a mouthpiece of a smaller
diameter than the revolving cylinder, and in which mouthpiece is an internal rotating
shaft. fitted with a worm, or with adjustable knives or blades, to regulate the delivery
of the materials into the Cylinder; and to have over the mouthpiece an outlet branch
connected to a Fan or other Exhauster, for drawing away the steam arising from the
heated materials, and also for drawing a current or volume of air in at the delivery
end, (which is also a closed plate fitted with small outlet orifice of less area than the
Cylinder) through the revolving cylinder and materials.
Our Invention will be readily understood by reference to the accompanying
drawing, where Fig. 1. represents Front Elevation; Fig. 2, Plan; Fig. 3, Feeding
end Elevation, and Fig. 4, Outlet end Elevation.
The action of the Machine is as follows:-The materials to be dried are delivered
into the Hopper A which can be fitted, if desirable, with sliding doors or valves. This
Hopper is fixed over a feeding mouthpiece B which is made of a less diameter than
the revolving cylinder, and is fitted with an internal shaft C having adjustable knives

page_text: or blades as shown, or a worm, by means of which the quantity of materials can be
regulated and fed into the revolving cylinder D; the object of this mouthpiece being
not only to regulate the quantity of materials passing into the Cylinder, but also by
keeping it always full, to prevent the air from rushing in at that end of the Cylinder
to the Exhauster.
The main body of the Drying Apparatus is the revolving cylinder D, which can be
made of any suitable length or diameter according to the quantity of materials
required to be dried'; and it can be arranged to rotate in a horizontal or diagonal
position, preferably the latter. The Cylinder can be carried on pulleys or rollers at
each end as shown at E E, or on an internal shaft, or gudgeons fixed to the ends, and
is driven or caused to rotate by gearing at one or both ends as may be found most
suitable. Under the revolving cylinder D is a fire F, or other means as above described,
for heating the same; and over the top of the cylinder are covers or brick work G for
the purpose of enclosing the cylinder in a heated chamber or furnace, from which the
waste heat can escape through the bottom flue H, or out at the top flue I, both of
which are fitted with suitable dampers, and connected with the chimney. The
revolving cylinder is fitted internally with a number of plates or blades L which are
made of suitable number, size, and shape for the twofold purpose of (1) carrying
round the materials until nearly to the top and then letting them fall to the bottom in
a thin stream or shower thereby obviating any tendency to cake; & (2) for gradually
working or carrying the materials from the inlet or feeding end Á to the outlet K.
If the Cylinder is working in a diagonal position as shown, we simply use plates or
blades parallel with the Cylinder but if the Cylinder is working in a horizontal
position, these plates or blades are made of the form of a worm or screw, so as to
gradually carry the materials forward. At the outlet or delivery end is an orifice K
which is made of smaller area than the diameter of the cylinder and below the centre,
and where the air enters, coming in contact as it passes through the cylinder with the
materials continually falling from the plates or blades I, and also carrying forward
any steam or other gases which may be generated by the heating or drying, through
the outlet M, being exhausted or drawn out by the Fan N or any other suitable
means. The Cylinder 1), feed shaft C, and exhaust Fan N can be driven as shown, or
by any other suitable arrangement.
The action of the Machine is as follows: The materials being fed into the Hopper A
are carried forward by the knives or blades, or worm, on the shaft C through the
regulating mouthpiece B, which, being kept full, prevents the air from rushing in at
that end. The materials are carried forward and deliverea into the interior of the
revolving cylinder D, which though exposed to the fire or other heat, yet from its
rotatory action is prevented from the rapid burning away which occurs if it be stationary
The materials inside become heated, and throw off the moisture in vapour or steam
and whilst the action of the plates or blades is constantly turning the materials over
raising them nearly to the top of the cylinder and then allowing them to fall in a thin
stream or shower to the bottom, the materials come more freely in contact with the
air entering in at K, passing through the Cylinder, and carrying along with it the
steam or other vapours out at M which can be fitted with a valve to regulate
the egress of the air, etc., and a gauze or wire sieve to arrest the fine materials from
escaping; thus delivering the materials at K both dry, and cold as desirable.
Dated this 6th day of October 1887.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements, in Machinery or Apparatus. for Drying Small Coal,
Coke, or other Granular Substances:
We, JOHN ARTHUR YEADON, of 4 Albion Place, and ROBERT MIDDLETON, of
Sheepscar Foundry, Meanwood Road, both of Leeds in the County of York, and both
Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same. is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in: and by the
following statement :-
This invention resembles to some considerable extent that set forth in our complete
specification No. 8414, A.D. 1887-but instead of arranging a central revolving shaft,
in a cylindrical oven, with blades and paddles for stirring and propelling the material
forward, we now revolve the oven itself, fitting its sides with spiral blades or shelves,
for stirring and propelling the material forward as before..
Amongst the advantages of this new arrangement is one very important one, viz.
that for the most part the maximum heat of the furnace may be spread over the entire
circunference of the oven, thus avoiding the liability of over heating the bottom
plates.
In order to fully explain our invention we have annexed a drawing showing a
Longitudinal Sectional Elevation through our apparatus. The drawing is broken in
order to permit a larger diameter of cylinder to be shown. The actual length and
diameter of the cylinder or oven must be proportionate to the quantity of material to
be passed through it.
A. A. is the cylindrical oven, which may be conveniently made of iron or steel
plates.
It revolves on rollers B. B. fixed at each end, and one on each side, (two only can,
of course, be seen in the section). Advantage is taken of the angle-iron strengthening
rings C. C. and these form the portions which are in contact with the rollers and thus
save the wear on the plates.
The end-plates D. D. of the oven are stationary and have each a projecting
flange D¹, D', which meets the overlapping end of the oven, in order to exclude air as
far as possible.
E is a large annular wheel-there may be one at each end if desired-mounted on
the oven and fixed to the angle-iron ring for the purpose of revolving the whole which
may be accomplished in any convenient manner-say by a pinion F mounted on the
shaft F1.
The air-excluding feeding apparatus G whose hopper is not shown, is practically the
same as before; except that the shaft carrying, the adjustable paddles is continued to
the outside and has an external steadying bracket H. This shaft is driven by any
convenient means, say by a chain wheel at H¹.
Through the pipe J, which may with advantage have a regulating damper, a draught
mechanically produced, as before, is sucked or exhausted, along the interior of the oven
in the direction of the arrows..

page_text: As before, cold air may be admitted in and amongst the escaping materials at the
outlet K. which may be controlled by regulating dampers, not here shown; or heated
air be likewise admitted at this same outlet.
may
L. L. are the furnace fires: one, two or more being arranged according to the heat
required. The hot gases from these may be led as desired through and around the
heating chamber L', L', the upper part of which may be covered with brick work or
with iron plates, as shown, so as to confine the heat and. keep it in contact with the
oven, after which they find an exit through the chimney M.
When the fires are red the chimney damper may be closed, partially or entirely, and
a portion or the whole of the hot gases may be passed through the pipe N, into the
interior of the oven, by opening and regulating the damper N₁: this more especially
for drying coal or coke. The drawing shows the whole of the gases being sucked
through the oven and up the pipe J.
The material is fed into the air-excluding feeding apparatus G, whose shaft and
paddles are arranged to revolve and pass it forward into the revolving oven.
Here a series of spiral blades-or other equivalent shelves or fins, lay hold of it, lift
it, lighten it, and let it fall in showers from the higher parts of the interior-the
shelves or blades being designed to lift and retain it to the extent desired. The screw-
like action of these spiral blades, which are arranged to suit the direction of revolution
of the oven, gradually propel the material towards the outlet K, which may be
'adjustable if desired.
Another mode of propelling the material forward is obtained by arranging the
whole oven on a slant; the shelves need only lift the materials in this case and shower
them down from above-We prefer the. arrangement. shown on the drawing
nevertheless.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is―
1. The arrangement, construction, and use of, a Cylindrical Oven, fitted with
Stationary End-plates; and an Air-excluding Feeding Apparatus; the said oven
revolving inside an intermediate Furnace or Heating Chamber; the oven being
further fitted with shelves or blades-preferably spiral for propelling purposes; through
which oven a mechanically produced draught is sucked- -Whether the air sucked be
admitted hot or cold, or some portion hot and some cold, or whether the whole or
any portion of the hot furnace gases be introduced or not, in order the better to carry
off the moisture and vapour arising from the material operated upon; substantially as
described herein and shown on the drawing, with the object and for the purpose set
forth.
2. The combination of the Cylindrical oven; Stationary End-plates; an Air-
excluding Feeding Apparatus; the oven revolving in a Furnace or Heating Chamber;
with the arrangement of Chimney, dampers, flues, and pipes, for leading hot gases
into the oven, through which they are sucked by a mechanically produced draught for
the purpose of absorbing moisture from the material operated upon-say particularly
coal or coke; substantially as described herein and shown on the drawing.
3. The Air-excluding Feeding Apparatus, combined with the Revolving oven, and
the mechanically produced draught, whether the air-either hot or cold-be admitted
into the oven, or whether the hot gases from the furnace be admitted, or both, or any
proportions of both; substantially as described herein and shown on the drawing, with
the object and for the purpose set forth.
Dated this Fifth day of July 1888