A COMBINA- TION OF CERTAIN MATERIALS FOR FORMING AND MAKING IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIP AND OTHER PUMPS, TUBES, AND WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR SHIP, CARRIAGE, AND OTHER BUILDING PURPOSSES, AND PARTS THEREOF
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Charles Clarkson, of 216, High Street,
Wapping, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "A COMBINA-
TION OF CERTAIN MATERIALS FOR FORMING AND MAKING IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIP
AND OTHER PUMPS, TUBES, AND WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR SHIP, CARRIAGE,
AND OTHER BUILDING PURPOSSES, AND PARTS THEREOF."
Sealed the 6th June 1856, and dated the 11th January 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Charles Clarkson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th January 1856.
I, THOMAS CHARLES CLARKSON, of 216, High Street, Wapping, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
A COMBINATION OF CERTAIN MATERIALS FOR FORMING AND MAKING IMPROVEMENTS
IN SHIP AND OTHER PUMPS, TUBES, AND WHICH IS APPLICABLE FOR SHIP, CARRIAGE,
AND OTHER BUILDING PURPOSSES, AND PARTS THEREOF, to be as follows:-
The materials I use for forming my pumps are alternate layers of thin wood,
canvas, or prepared leather, and sheet cork, adhered by adhesive substances,
such as india-rubber, marine glue, desolved shellac, or gutta percha, or other
adbering substances. The above-named wood, canvas, leather, & cork are used
in part or whole, as circumstances may require; by this I mean that one canvas

page_text: or one leather, &c. is always used or placed between the wood or cork, and
adhered. The cork material is always applied in the part of the pump, to
form a bed or cushion for the metal chamber, where the bucket or plunger
works, to avoid undue friction. The form of my pumps are always square,
oblong square, or triangle, and so formed as to act as a force or ordinary pump
in case it is required. I curve the bottom part of my pump to fit the section
of a ship or other vessels; I also provide them with a slide to open on one
side, to enable the chamber to be cleared out in case of fouling, and also to be
readily repaired. The bucket or plunger is composed of 2 thin square plates
of iron or other metal, or wood, with the cork & leather material placed
between, laid horizontal, so that the edge of the material works free on the
chamber;" and in case of wear, it can be moved to make up the part worne,
not requiring new leathing "as ordinary cupped or other leathers." I also
have a lip or flap made of cork material, fixed on the top of the bucket or
plunger, to prevent dirt coming in contact with the face of the leather & cork
material working on the chamber, the action of which also gives a more
perfect vacum.
In the formation of compass. timbers, or planking for ships, carriage, and
other building purposses, the alternate layers before named are used according
to the object to be made and the strength required. The timbers or planking
are formed hollow or solid, or in case of need, iron, in tube, rod, or sheets,
is worked therein.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed-
by the said Thomas Charles Clarkson in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 2nd July 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
CHARLES. CLARKSON, of 216, High Street, Wapping, in the County of Mid-
-dlesex,-send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Thomas Charles Clarkson, Her special licence that I, the said Thomas
Charles Clarkson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Thomas Charles Clarkson, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should-at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time.

page_text: and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
awfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for COMBINING CERTAIN MATERIALS FOR FORMING AND MAKING IM-
PROVEMENTS IN SHIP AND OTHER PUMPS, TUBES, &C., AND WHICH IS ALSO APPLI-
CABLE FOR SHIP, CARRIAGE, AND OTHER BUILDING PURPOSSES, & PARTS THEREOF,
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Thomas Charles Clark-
son, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Charles Clarkson, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
First, for the improvements in pumps, &c. &c. The materials for forming
my pumps are alternate layers of thin wood "from an to an inch in thick-
ness," canvas, prepared leather, and sheet cork, adhered by adhesive substances,
such as india-rubber, marino glue, desolved shellac, gutta percha, or other
adhesive substances, &c.
The above materials I use in part or whole, as circumstances may require;
what I mean by this is, that one canvas or one leather is always used and
adhered on or between one or two layers of wood or cork; in case the ma-
terial being required very thin, the wood or cork is placed between two layers
of canvas or leather, and adhered by one or more of the above-named adhesive
substances. The cork material is always applied in the working part of tho
pump, to form a bed or cushion for the metal or glass chamber where the
bucket or plunger works, to give a smooth and elastic action, to avoid undue
friction.
2ndly, the form of my pumps are square, oblong square, & triangle, and so
form'd as to act as a force as well as a delivery pump. These pumps "can be
made curved or shaped to fit the section of a ship or any vessel," and is also
5 provided with a slide or opening on one side, to enable the chamber to be
cleared in case of fouling, and also to be readily repaired "when at sea or
otherwise." The bucket or plunger is composed of two thin square plates of
iron or other metal, or wood, with the cork or leather material between tho
two said plates, and laid horizontal, so that the edge of the material works freo

page_text: on the chamber; and in case of wear, it can be moved forward to make up
the part worn, and not requiring new leather as ordinary cupped or other
leathers. I also have a lip or flap made of soft material, fixed on the top of
the bucket or plunger, to prevent dirt coming in contact with the leather and
cork material working on the chamber, the action of which gives a more
perfect vacum by the pressure of the water lifted, causes the soft flap to fit
over any little opening that may be caused by wear and tear of the plunger
or bucket, or any dirt that may get between the said bucket and face of the
chamber, shown in Drawing at Z.
3rdly, in the formation of compass timbers, and other spars, tubes, &c., for
ship, carriage, or other building purposses or parts thereof, the alternate
layers before named are used, according to the objects to be made and the
strength and clasticity required, by adding more or less of any of the materials
before named. To give extra stiffness to spars, the planking, with the canvas
or leather adhered, is placed depthways between the flanges of the hollow
sheet metal frame, "as shown in the Drawing," and so applied as to leave
the square opening available for ventilation of the ship, also applicable for a
pump to be worked by steam or hand power.
4thly, in the formation of tubes and shoots for attaching to my pumps for
conveying water or other licquids under or above ground, I use thin wood or
sheet cork from an th to a of an inch in thickness, with canvas or prepared
leather adhered between the two surfaces of wood; and in some cases are adhered
internal and external, and coated inside and out with marine glue or dissolved
shellac, or any other adhesive substances, &c. &c. This thickness and make
is applicable for, and can be arranged for flooring, roofing, tents, boats, boxes,
cylindrical or square vessels, mortar beds, rafts, gun carriages, ambulance and
other waggons, coffins, knife boards, and all sorts of cases, &c. &c. &c.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, I would have it under-
stood what I claim and desire to be secured to me to the said before in part
recited.
E
First, the form of the pumps, as shown in the Drawings, viz., square, oblong
square, and triangle, curved or stright, and built of the said combined materials
in the manner as discribed, and shown in the Drawings; also the form of the
bucket or plunger, with the lip or flap in the manner show and discribed,
with a metal or glass chamber on an elastic medium, and opening to the S
same, &c.
square,
2ndly, to prevent imitation by metal pumps, I claim the shape of
oblong square, or triangle pumps in cast or wrought metal, with or without
the elastic bed for the metal or glass chamber.

page_text: 3rdly, the combining of the material as discribed with an internal metal
frame, as shown in Drawings, for spars of great length or of large dimensions,
the square hollow part being applicable for ventilation, or for a pump to be
worked by hand or steam power; also for tubular bridges, &c.
4thly, in the formation of the material for tubes, shoots, roofing, flooring,
tents, boats, cylindrical and square vessels, mortar beds, rafts, carriages,
ambulance or other waggons, gun carriages, knife boards, & coffins,
&c. &c. &c.
In making or forming any of the above articles where only one thickness
is used, as one layer of wood or cork, with one canvas, the canvas is always
placed and adhered internally, so as to oppose the strain and concussion
fracturing the wood, that may be externally applied. In the ordinary air cases
for life and other boats, the canvas being placed exterior and not interior, the
cases do not posses one quarter the strength.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Charles Clarkson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this 11th day of January, in the year of our
Lord 1856.
THOS CHIAS CLARKSON. (L.S.)