CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF MAKING OR MANUFACTURING METAL SPOONS AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1833

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JONATHAN
HAYNE, of the Parish of Saint James, Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex,
Silversmith, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-fifth day of
May, One thousand eight hundred and thirty-three, and in the third year of
His reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Jonathan Hayne, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the
said Jonathan Hayne, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Jonathan Hayne, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times during the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE
OR METHOD OF MAKING OR MANUFACTURING METAL SPOONS AND OTHER ARTICLES;"
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Jonathan
Hayne, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in
His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and
by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Jonathan Hayne, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following description thereof, refer-
ence being thereunto had, and to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and the
figures and letters marked thereon (that is to say) :-
My Improvements in the Mode or Method of Making or Manufacturing
Metal Spoons and other Articles apply to a process by which silver and other
metal spoons, ladles, and forks, are manufactured by machinery with greater
facility, and in a superior manner, than has hitherto been effected by hand
labour.
In the manufacture of these articles I employ a stamping machine with dies,
in which the hammer is raised to a height between guides, and is let fall by a
trigger, and I prefer that the protuberant parts of the die should be fixed
on the stationary block or bed of the stamping machine, and the hollows or
counterpart of the die be attached to the falling hammer.
The peculiar feature of improvement in this manufacture consist in pro-
ducing the spoon, ladle, or fork perfect, at one blow in the stamping machine,
and requiring no further manipulation of shaping, but simply trimming off the
barb or fin and polishing the surface to render the article perfect and finished.
Heretofore in employing a stamping machine or fly press for manufacturing
spoons, ladles, and forks, it has been the practice to give the impressions to the
handles and to the bowl or prongs by distinct operations of different dies, and
after having so partially produced the pattern upon the article the handles had
to be bent and formed by the operations of filing and hammering. By my
improved form of dies, having curved surfaces and bevelled edges, which allow
of no parts of the faces of the die and counter die to come in contact, I am
enabled to produce considerable elevations of pattern and form and to bring up
the article perfect at one blow, with only a slight barb or fin upon its edge.
In the accompanying Drawings, Figure 1 is the lower or bed die for pro-
ducing a spoon; Figure 2 is the upper or counter die, corresponding; Figure 3
is a side view of the lower die; and Figure 4 is a section taken through the
middle of the pair of dies, shewing the space in which the metal is pressed to
form the spoon.
To manufacture spoons, ladles, or forks according to my improved process, I
first forge out the ingot into flat pieces, of the shape and dimensions of the die of
the intended article. And if a spoon or ladle is to be made, I give a slight degree
of concavity to the bowl part, and, if necessary, bend the back in order that it
may lay more steadily and be placed more accurately upon the bed die. If a

page_text: fork, I cut or otherwise remove portions of the metal at those parts which will
intervene between the prongs; and having thus produced the rude embrio of
the intended article, I then scrape its entire surface clean and free from oxyda-
tion, scale, or fire stain, when it is ready to be introduced into the stamping
machine. I now fix the lower die in the bed of the stamping machine, shewn
at a, a, in the elevations, Figures 5 and 6. I also fix in the hammer 6 the
upper or counter die c, and accurately adjust them both, so that they may
exactly correspond when brought together. I then place the rudely-formed
article above described upon the lower die, and, having drawn up the hammer
to a sufficient elevation by a windlass and rope, or other ordinary means, I then
go the trigger and allow the hammer with the counter die to fall upon the
under die, on which the article is placed, when by the blow thus given to the
metal the true and perfect figure and pattern of the spoon, ladle, or fork is
produced, and which, as before said, will only require the removal of the slight
edging of barb or fin, and polishing, to finish it. On striking the blow in the
operation of stamping the article the hammer will recoil and fly up some
distance, and, if allowed to fall again with reiterated blows, would injure both
the article and the dies; therefore, to avoid this inconvenience, I cause the
hammer on rising to be caught by a pair of palls locking into racks on the face
of the standards seen in Figures 5 and 6.
let
In Figure 5, the hammer b of the stamping machine is seen raised and
suspended by a rope attached to a pair of jointed hooks or holders d, d, the
lower ends of which pass into eyes e, e, extending from the top of the hammer.
When the lever or trigger f is drawn forward the two inclined planes g, g, on
the axle press the two legs of the holders d, d, inwards, .and cause their
hooks or lower ends to be withdrawn from the eyes e, e, when the hammer
instantly falls and brings the dies together, as Figure 6. Such is the ordinary
construction of the stamping machine. On the hammer falling from a con-
siderable elevation the violence of the blow causes it to recoil and bound
upwards as before mentioned; it therefore becomes necessary to catch the
hammer when it has rebounded, in order to prevent the dies coming again
together. This is done by the following mechanism:-Two latch levers i, i,
are connected by joints to the upper part of the hammer, and two pall
levers k, k, turning upon pins, are mounted in the bridge laffixed to the hammer.
Two springs m, m, act against the lower arms of those levers and press them
outwards for the purpose of throwing the palls at the lower ends of the
levers into the teeth of the ratchet racks n, n, fixed on the sides of the upright
standards. Previously to raising the hammer the upper ends of the pall
levers & are drawn back, and the latches i being brought down upon them, as

page_text: in Figure 5, the levers k are confined, and their palls prevented from striking
into the side racks, but as the hammer falls the ends of the latches i strike upon
the fingers o, o, fixed to the side standard, as shewn in Figure 6, and liberate
the palls, the lower ends of which, when the hammer rebounds after stamping,
catch into the teeth of the racks, and thereby prevent the hammer from again
descending.
Lastly, I wish it to be understood that though I have stated that I forge
from the ingot, in the first instance, the shapes of metal of which spoons,
ladles, and forks are to be made by my improved process, yet I do not
intend to confine myself to preparing the metal shapes by forging, as, under
some circumstances, I may find it convenient to produce the rude form of the
article by rolling plate metal, or by casting it in a mould.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jonathan Hayne, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of November, in the year of our