IM- PROVEMENTS IN HEATING. AND WARMING ROOMS. AND: OTHER BUILDINGS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Clark, of 58, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer and Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN HEATING. AND WARMING ROOMS. AND: OTHER BUILDINGS, AND
IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME."-A communication from abroad by Louis
Marie Anez, Architect, of 29, Boulevart St.. Martin, Paris..
Sealed the 15th February 1867, and dated the 12th October 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,. on. the
12th October 1866.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 58, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND WARMING ROOMS: AND OTHER
BUILDINGS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME," to be as follows:-
"This Invention relates to the application of an air chamber in combination
with an air stove or beating apparatus; this chamber contains a reservoir of
water, over which the air heated in its passage through the metal or other
flues is caused to pass, the water being heated by reason of its position; in this
manner the air is supplied with fresh oxygen and hydrogen to compensate for
that which has become absorbed in its passage through the flues of the air

page_text: stove; this chamber also serves as a receiver of all impurities and of the
denser or noxious gases prejudicial to health.
This Invention is illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, Figure 1 of which
shows a plan of the air stove and the hot-air chamber R; Figure 2, a plan show-
ing the arrangement of the flues; Figure 3, a section on the lines C, D, Figures 1
and 4, and E, F, Figure 2; Figure 4 is a section on the line A, B, Figure 1,
showing the arrangement of the reservoir, which is usually made of tinned copper
and supplied by a funnel pipe D, which serves as an overflow and prevents the
water running into the chamber R. In the brickwork beside the reservoir
there is a pipes with a cock F, Figure 1, for drawing off the water and
cleansing the said reservoir, while above this pipe on the outside there is to be
placed a glass tube serving as a guage for indicating the amount of water in
the reservoir. Figure 5 is a section on the line G, H, Figure 4, showing the
reservoir and the opening through which the air is caused to pass over the
water, as also the outlets K, K, for the hot air to pass to the points desired to
be heated.
Direction of Motion of the Smoke.-In Figure 3 the air for feeding the
furnace enters the door or opening M at the lower part, passes away with
the smoke at the opening A, Z, and after taking the direction indicated by the
arrows through the flue n enters the chamber T, thence passing through an
opening O into return flues X, Figures 2 and 4, until it reaches point P,
where the smoke passes off to the chimney.
Direction of Motion of the Heated Air-The cold air to be heated enters
the stove at the three openings a, b, c, Figure 1, passing round the furnace
and circulating among the flues until it reaches the upper part Q, thence
passing in a downward direction over the water reservoir 6, where it becomes
saturated with the elements of which it has become deprived in its passage
through the furnace and among the flues; in this chamber, which should be of
considerable dimensions, the heated air becomes deprived of its impurities and
of the denser gases, for this reason care should be taken to open the hot-air
apertures K, K, at the upper part of the receiving chamber. By regulating
the size of the orifice m, as also that of the water reservoir, I may increase
or diminish the degree of saturation, while the same result may be attained
by making the reservoir with sloping sides, so as to increase or diminish the
area of evaporation according to the depth of the water, which may be kept at
a constant level by means of an inverted syphon kept filled with water. The
hot air thus obtained is exempt from all smell, and produces a mild heat,
while the reservoir of this Invention supplies the hot air with fresh oxygen.
and hydrogen to compensate for that which is lost in its passage through the

page_text: apparatus, otherwise it would be wanting and detrimental to those inhaling the
air, or it would be to the detriment of the plants it is intended to heat, as
the case may be.. The Invention thus consists in the aqueous saturation of
the air without producing any steam or vapour by passing the hot air' over the.
surface of a reservoir of water placed in an air chamber, which may be
adapted to all kind of air stoves, in some cases under the stove itself. The.
water, notwithstanding its position, can never become. heated to boiling point,.
although the air is heated to more than that degree.; this. is prevented by the
tension and rate-of progress at which the heated air passes over the surface of:
the water, producing the effect of a water cooler. The air thus heated, by
reason of its elasticity absorbs the more water in proportion as its temperature
increases.
The Invention is applicable to all kinds of hot-air stoves or apparatus of
whatever arrangement. Figure 6 shows a central vertical section of a stove
fitted with these improvements, while Figure 7 shows the same applied to. the
chimney of an apartment..
I
A is the cold-air inlet; B, the space in which the air becomes heated by:
contact with the sides of the stove and flues; C, fire-grate; D, partition for
cutting off the heat of the fire from the reservoir of water .E, which has an
area of from six to eight superficial. inches for every two pounds of coal
contained in the fire-grate, which proportion. may however: be increased or
diminished according to the purpose-desired. An overflow pipe may also ber
adapted to the reservoir, discharging into the ash-pit..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
10th April 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM.
CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer and
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters.
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, 'for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me; -
the said William Clark, Her special licence that I, the said William
Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns; or such others as I,
the said William-Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns; should

page_text: at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein, expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND WARMING ROOMS AND OTHER BUILDINGS, AND
"IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME," a. communication to me, from abroad by Louis
Marie Anez, Architect, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, upon the con
dition (amongst others) that I, the said William Clark, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six.
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
. NOW KNOW YE,. that I, the said William Clark, do hereby declare.
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be,
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being bad to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
"
This Invention relates. to the application of an air chamber in combination
with an air stove or heating apparatus. This chamber contains a reservoir of,
water, over which the air heated in its passage through the metal or other.
flues is caused to pass, the water being heated by reason of its position; in.
this manner the air is supplied with fresh oxygen and hydrogen to compensate
for that which has become absorbed in its passage through the flues of the 2
air stove. This chamber also serves as a receiver of all impurities and of the
denser or noxious gases prejudicial to health.
This Invention is illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, Figure 1 of
which shows a plan of the air stove and the hot-air chamber R; Figure 2, a
plan showing the arrangement of the flues; Figure 3 a section on the 3
line C, D, Figures 1 and 4, and E, F, Figure 2; Figure 4 is a section on the
line A, B, Figure 1, showing the arrangement of the reservoir, which is
usually made of tinned copper and supplied by a funnel pipe D which serves
as an overflow and prevents the water running into the chamber R. In the
brickwork of the air chamber there is fitted a pipes with a cock, Figure 1, 8
for drawing off the water and cleansing the said reservoir, while above this
pipe on the outside there is to be placed a glass
iudicating the amount of water in the reservoir.
line G, H, Figure 4, showing the reservoir and
tube serving as a guage for
Figure 5 is a section on the
the opening through which

page_text: the air is caused to pass over the water; as also the outlets K,: K; for the hot
air to pass to the points desired to be heated...
:...
Direction of Motion of the Smokė.-In..Figure. 8 .the air for feeding the
furnace enters the door or opening M at the lower part, passes' away with the
smoke at the opening A, Z, and after taking the direction indicated by the
arrows through the flue n enters the chamber T; thence passing through an!
opening o into return flues X, Figures 2 and 4, until it reaches point .P
where the smoke passes off to the chimney: ...
Direction of Motion of the Heated Air.-The cold air to be heated. enters
the stove at the three openings, a, b, c, Figure 1, passing round the furnace
and circulating among the flues until it reaches the upper part Q; thence
passing in a downward direction over the water reservoir b', where it becomes.
saturated with the elements of which it has been deprived in its passage':
through the furnace and among the flues. In this chamber, which should bex
of considerable dimensions, the heated air becomes deprived of its impurities..
and of the denser gases, for this reason care should be taken to open the hot
air apertures K, K, at the upper part of the receiving chamber. By regu-
lating the size of the orifice m, as also that of the water reservoir, I may
increase or diminish the saturation, while the same result may be attained
by making the reservoir with sloping sides so as to increase or diminish the
area of evaporation according to the depth of water which may be kept,
at a constant level by means of an inverted syphon filled with water. The
hot air thus obtained is exempt from all smell; and. produces a mild heat,
while the reservoir of this Invention supplies the hot air with fresh oxygen
and hydrogen to compensate for that which is lost in its passage through the
apparatus, otherwise it would be wanting and detrimental to those inhaling
the air or to the plants it is intended to heat, as the case may be. The
Invention' thus consists in the aqueous saturation of the air without producing
any steam or vapour by passing the hot air over the surface of a reservoir of
water placed in an air chamber, which may be adapted to all kinds of air:
stoves, in some cases under under the stove itself. The water, notwithstanding
its position, can never become heated to boiling point, although the air is heated.
to more than that degree; this is prevented by the tension and rate of
progress at which the heated air passes over the surface of the water, pro-
ducing the effect of a water cooler. The air thus heated, by reason of its.
elasticity, absorbs the more water in proportion as its temperature increases.
This Invention is applicable to all kinds of hot-air stoves or apparatus of:
whatever arrangement. Figure 6 shows. a central vertical section of a stove
fitted with those improvements, while Figure 7 shows the same applied to the

page_text: chimney of an apartment. A. is the cold air inlet; B, the space in which the
air becomes heated by contact with the sides of the stove and flues; C, fire-
grate; D, partition for cutting off the heat of the fire from the reservoir of
water E, which has an area of from six to eight superficial inches for
every two pounds of coal contained in the fire-grate, which proportions may.
however be increased or diminished according to the purpose desired. An
overflow pipe may also be adapted to the reservoir, discharging into the ash-
pit. I may also keep the water in the reservoir at a constant level by means
of an inverted syphon, ball-cock, or float valve.
..Having described the nature of this Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be protected
by. the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, effecting the aqueous.
saturation of air by passing heated air over a reservoir of water contained in
a suitable chamber or space, where it becomes saturated without producing
any-vapor by reason of its tension and the rate at which it passes, at the
same time having a tendency to cool the water.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Clark, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
Witness,
JAMES DAIBH,
53, Chancery Lane,
London.
W. CLARK. (L.B.)