IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING, AND IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING THE PRINTED MATTER AT THE SAME TIME
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Stewart. Monkhouse, of 27,, Regent
Square, London, W.C., for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PRINTING, AND IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING THE PRINTED MATTER AT THE
SAME TIME"
Sealed the 22nd May 1874, and dated the 29th November 1873.
.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Stewart Monk-
house at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 29th November 1873.
I, THOMAS STEWART MONKHOUSE, of 27, Regent Square, London,
W.C., do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN PRINTING, AND IN, APPARATUS. FOR CUTTING THE PRINTED MATTER
AT THE SAME TIME," to be as follows:-
"
In printing I employ one or more revolving cylinders or rollers, upon
which I engrave or affix in types or stereotypes the matter to be printed..
These I designate "form cylinders or form rollers; and in contact
with each of thes "form cylinders," but at different positions on the
periphery of each, I affix apparatus for properly inking the same, each
→

page_text: inking apparatus being so arranged as to leave a free space between
itself and the next inking apparatus that is affixed to the same form
cylinder, and a properly devised pressure or friction roller is brought in
contact at each such free space as aforesaid for the purpose of obtaining
impressions, and through each such point of contact I pass the material
I wish to print upon; and thus I print upon two separate sheets or
continuous lengths of material at the same time. In describing the
process of cutting I will designate these two separate sheets, or separate
continuous lengths of material, "lines of supply." The apparatus for
cutting consists of knives or revolving discs of metal, which, coming in
contact with the material in its onward progress through the machine,
cut it in that direction, and also of a revolving chopper, which cuts the
material transversely to the direction of its onward progress through the
machine. Such a combination of revolving knives or discs and chopper
is in connection with each line of supply.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Stewart Monkhouse in the Great Seal
Patent on the 28th May 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
STEWART MONKHOUSE, of 27, Regent Square, London, W.C., send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Thomas Stewart Monkhouse, Her
special licence that I, the said Thomas Stewart Monkhouse, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas
Stewart Monkhouse my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING, AND IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING
THE PRINTED MATTER AT THE SAME TIME," upon the condition (amongst

page_text: others), that I, the said Thomas Stewart Monkhouse, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Stewart Monkhouse, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, having regard and reference to the
Drawings therewith deposited (that is to say) :-
My improvements in printing and in apparatus for cutting the printed
matter at the same time consist,―
Firstly. In an arrangement of machinery adapted to print upon two
or more separate sheets, or two or more separate continuous lengths of
paper or other material adapted to receive print at the same time from
each cylinder (of the kind known in the printing trade as a form
cylinder) that a machine made after my Invention may be constructed
to embody or include, by which arrangement of machinery and printing
I effect a considerable saving of time as compared with the working of an
ordinary cylinder printing machine.
Secondly. In arranging in combination or joint action with the
machinery employed, as aforesaid, for printing the needful apparatus for
cutting the material printed upon into the lengths and widths required
during its passage through the machine whilst the printing is going on,
by which arrangement of the cutting apparatus I save much of the time
that would be required to feed the printed matter into a separate
cutting machine; and in addition thereto the time that would be
occupied in the operation of cutting by such separate machine.
And, thirdly. In the use of a form cylinder so constructed as to
meet the requirements of a machine needed for the execution of fine
letter-press work, whereby I am enabled to execute the finest letter-
press work without liability to blur or smear, or at any rate with less
liability to blur or smear than there is in ordinary machines.
In printing I employ, as partly stated in my Provisional Specification,
one or more revolving cylinders or rollers upon which I engrave or:

page_text: work.
Նռան used in the machine when doing copperplate
A (Fig. 1) is the form cylinder having the inking apparatus B¹, B³,
B³, B, B³, Bº, at opposite points or positions of its periphery when
doing letter-press work, but having the inking apparatus B, C, D,
at opposite points or positions of its periphery when doing copperplate
work.
B (Fig. 1) is a roller working partly in the ink box for the purpose
of supplying ink therefrom to the form cylinder A with which it is in
firm contact in order to press the ink into the engraved surface of the
form cylinder when doing copperplate work.
C (Fig. 1) is a doctor knife properly adjusted for scraping off the ink
from the plain surface of A, and D is a cushion or buffer of ribbed
vulcanized india-rubber or other suitable material, such as felt or
woollen cloth, and is designed to perfect the cleansing operation that is
necessary to be performed upon the form cylinder A before it comes in
contact with the material upon which the printed impression is to be
made.
(With reference to letterpress printing) B¹, B², (Fig. 1) are composition
rollers for the purpose of inking the type, stereotype, or block form or
forms upon the form cylinder A with which they are in contact. They
receive their supply of ink from the ink drum B³ with which they are
also in contact. B' is a roller which carries ink from the ink trough b
to the ink drum B³ upon which it is evenly distributed by B³. The
distributing roller B5 has a to-and-fro latteral motion which it receives
from B; B is a broad faced wheel having a groove which takes an
oblique half turn and back in the entire circumference, and in this groove
fits the stud of the slide plate Z. The slide plate Z works upon two studs
or pins marked X, X, (one at each end of the plate) which project from
and are firmly fixed to the frame of the machine. The end of the
spindle of the distributing roller B³ passes through the slide plate Z to
which it is so secured as to have freedom for revolution only. Therefore
as the slide plate moves to and fro it carries the distributing roller B
with it.
Having thus fully described the two kinds of inking apparatus, I will

page_text: In contact with the form cylinder A (Fig. 1) are two pressure
rollers E and E¹ at opposite points or positions of its periphery. These
rollers E and E¹ are covered with vulcanized india-rubber or other
suitable material as aforesaid specially adapted to the kind of work
upon which the machine has to be employed. Through the points of
contact of A, E, and A, E¹, (Fig. 1) pass the respective sheets or
continuous lengths of material intended to be printed. The lines of
material are indicated by the red lines shown on the Drawing; the top
red line and bottom red line are the "lines of feed "respectively. After
receiving impression at the contact between A and E (Fig. 1), the bottom
line of material proceeds to the longitudinal cutter rollers G³, G³, (Fig. 1)
being gripped and held firmly thereby during the cutting operation,
after which the material is advanced by the tapes F, F, F, F, over the
chopping block H where it is cut transversely by the revolving chopper,
the blade of which is maked K and is screwed to the chopper frame
with the cam-shaped ends marked L. The upper line of material after
receiving impression at the point of contact A, E, passes on in a like
manner and for the like purposes to G and G°, thence by the tapes F¹,
F, F, F¹, to H³, and the revolving chopper, the blade of which is
marked K', and is screwed to the chopper frame with the cam-shaped
ends marked L'. The printing and cutting being thus completed the
printed matter passes to the tables below marked T and T¹ respectively.
The dotted circles (in Fig. 1) represent the various cog wheels (for
giving the above described motions) which are on the outside of the
frame of the machine; S is a cog wheel on the shaft of A (the form
cylinder). The wheel S gears with the wheel marked S¹ on (the shaft
of E¹) and with the wheel S2 (on the shaft of the pressure roller E); by
thus gearing together the form cylinder and the two pressure rollers I
secure constant regularity in their revolution and in the advance of the
material to be printed, which is essential to the perfection of the cutting
operation above described. A small cog wheel R gears with the cog
wheel S2, and another small cog wheel R¹ gears with the cog wheel S¹;
the former cog wheel R also gears with the cog wheel which is fixed on
the end of the shaft of the cutter roller G² and so drives this pair of
cutter rollers; and the latter cog wheel R¹ gears also with the cog wheel
fixed on the end of the shaft of the cutter roller G, and so drives that
pair of cutter rollers; and thus each pair of cutter rollers is caused to
revolve in the proper direction and at a speed needfully relative to that
of the form cylinder A (Fig. 1), and pressure rollers E and E. The

page_text: tapes F, F, F, F, are driven by the cutter rollers G¹ and G³, and the
tapes F, F, F¹, F¹, are driven by the cutter rollers G and G°. In
addition to the cog wheel S2 on the end of the shaft of E (Fig. 1) there
is a larger cog wheel P which gears with the cog wheel P¹, the cog
wheel P (with which is geared the smaller cog wheel N) gives the proper
revolutions to the chopper L through the medium of the cog wheel N
and the cranks and coupling bar M, M, M. The wheel P¹ in like manner
acts on the chopper L' through the wheel N³, and the cranks and
coupling bar M³, M³, M¹.
I must observe that I not limit myself to the use of only two form
inking rollers, such as shown at B¹, B³, (Fig. 1) nor do I limit myself to
the use of revolving choppers only; but I may sometimes use oscillating
guillotine knives either singly or in sets.
The machinery shown in Figure 1 and herein-before described is
intended and adapted for either type printing or copperplate printing
as before indicated in reference to the Drawing, and I do not limit
myself to the use of one "form cylinder." There may be more than
one used provided the other apparatus necessary for working with one
"form cylinder" as herein-before described is applicable or applied
when two or more "form cylinders" are used.
Figure 2 on the Sheet of Drawings shows a longitudinal section of a
"form cylinder," constructed and especially adapted for the execution
of fine letter-press work. The letters A¹ to A³ represent divisional parts
of a "form cylinder," the length of each divisional part being dependent
on the form or forms it is intended to carry. Each divisional part is
separated from the next one by a bearing-ring or collar marked B¹ to B
fixed on the same axis C as the portions of the form cylinder. Each
bearing-ring is equal in diameter to the type-height of the divisional
parts of the form cylinder, the width across the face of each of the
bearing-rings B¹ to B' being as nearly as possible equal to the width of
the blank space between the two forms between which it lies. The
width across each divisional part of the form cylinder is somewhat
greater than the width of the form that it has to carry (as shown în
Fig. 2), and thus there is left a small open space between the outer
edge of each form and the edge of the bearing-ring or collar next thereto,"
that open space being of such dimension as to allow a sufficient clearance
in each such space so left as to permit of flanged edges of what I

page_text: (nerem-after described) which may he therein
working freely.
The inking fence is shown at Y and Y¹ (Fig. 1). Its use is to protect
the bearing-rings or collars from being soiled by coming in direct contact
with the inking rollers. Y and Y¹ (Fig. 1) are the bearing bars of the
inking fence, to which are attached thin straps of metal; these thin
straps of metal rest on the bearing-rings. Each of the straps is of the
width required to cover the bearing-ring or collar to which it has to be
adjusted, and each strap has its edges flanged, and these flanged edges
return over the edges of the particular bearing-ring or collar to which
the strap is adjusted. Each strap has one of its ends rivitted to one of
the inking fence bearing-bars (marked Y Fig. 1), and has its other end
rivitted to the other inking fence bearing-bar marked Y' (Fig. 1).
Y and Y¹ (Fig. 1), together with the curved red line which joins them
to each other (as shown in Fig. 1), lying along the circumference of A,
between it and the inking rollers B¹, B², (Fig. 1) indicates the inking
fence, which to avoid confusion is not shown on Fig. 2. The inking
fence bearing bars have their bearings of course in the frame of the
machine.
By the operation of the bearing-rings or collars B¹ to Be (Fig. 2) I
obtain a constant bearing, and prevent the too sudden contact of the
form cylinder and pressure rollers, which produces in ordinary machines.
bluring of the work.
In cases where the unprinted surface is sufficiently wide, I should not
necessarily use the inking fence, but so cut or otherwise adjust the
composition inking rollers' as to free the bearing-rings or collars.
Figure 8 shows a longitudinal section of one pair of the cutting
rollers, which cut the material in the direction of its onward progress
through the machine. A (Fig. 3) is the spindle of the upper roller of
the pair, the said roller being formed of a series of divisional parts G,
between which divisional parts are fitted circular discs of metal or
cutters h. One side of the discs h is of greater diameter, as shown by
the Drawing, than that of the body of the roller or divisional parts G,
and such large side of each disc, as aforesaid, fits closely to the corres-
ponding side of the channel k in the lower roller i, and therefore as the
bodies of the upper and the lower rollers fit closely, as shown by the
Drawing, and work with a gripping contact, the excess of diameter of
;
>

page_text: each of the discs or cutters / works in the channel k, and thus together
the engaging edges of h and k form an endless scissor or shear, so that
the material that is being printed being gripped, and forced forward by
the contact of the upper and lower cutting rollers, is cut as described in
the direction of its onward progress through the machine. Each pair of
cutting rollers drives the set of tapes with which it is in connexion, and
so advances the work to the chopper. For the avoidance of confusion
the tapes are not shown in Fig. 3.
The machinery herein-before described may be driven by any of the
ordinary driving mechanism used for driving printing machines.
Having now described, with reference to the Drawings, Figs. 1, 2, 3,
the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be
performed, I hereby declare that I claim the special mechanical arrange-
ment described in reference to Figure 2.
With respect to the mechanism described in reference to Figures 1 and
3, I do not claim any specific portion thereof separately; what I do claim
is the combination of mechanism and parts which I have described in
reference to Figures 1 and 3 of the Sheet of Drawings hereto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Stewart Monkhouse, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of May,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.
THOMAS STEWART MONKHOUSE. (L.S.)