Improvements in or relating to Valves applicable for Use with Hydraulic Apparatus.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Aug., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 23rd May, 1896-Accepted, 27th June, 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Valves applicable for Use with
Hydraulic Apparatus.
1, WALTER JAMES, of 1 Lincoln Square, Lincoln Road, Leeds, in the County
of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in valves for use with hydraulic apparatus;
and its object is to construct a simple and readily made valve that may be used
either as an ordinary hydraulic valve, or with hydraulic apparatus that is required
to work at several varying pressures, such as for instance with a hydraulic press to
which an
"
" intensifier "
or accumulator" has been applied or combined.
According to this invention, one, two, or more of the hereinafter described valves
and their casings may be used as circumstances require, and when more than one
valve casing is employed, the several casings may or may not be connected
together by suitable passages or pipes; or a single casing may be constructed for
the reception of two or more valves with the passages cast or otherwise formed
therein.
In its simplest form the valve casing is provided with say three orifices respectively
for the inlet and exit of the water, oil, or other liquid, all of which are hereafter
included in the term water. Two of these orifices may be on one side of the casing,
and one on the opposite side thereof. But if desired the number and position of
these orifices may be increased and varied as circumstances may require, and each
of the said orifices may be surrounded by a suitable boss screwed (or otherwise)
for the reception of a nut for tightening and joint making purposes, or with
flanges. Each of the orifices is connected by suitable passages with the central
chamber or hole in which the valve spindle works. The valve spindle may be
made in one, two, or more diameters but when made in one diameter, an additional
water passage or chamber, or annular or other recess of any convenient size and
shape, will require to be formed in the central hole around the spindle, but I prefer
using a spindle of say two diameters. The spindle is mounted so as to be turned
or revolved freely in a suitable gland or packing with its largest diameter within
the central hole. The central water passage around the spindle could then be
formed by making the central hole of say about the same diameter as the largest
diameter of the valve spindle and the top of the central hole could be closed by a
leather or other hydraulic packing being retained in its position by any convenient
form of gland, or nut or it or their equivalents.
The under surface of the larger
diameter is employed as a valve for opening or closing the communication between
the central hole and the orifices. The valve spindle may if required be kept down
by the pressure of the water upon the upper surface of the enlarged portion of the
spindle or by mechanical means such as say a set screw and lock nut or nuts mounted
in suitable frame or bracket over the top of the spindle. In the spindle may be
formed any desired number of holes or recesses, say for example, two, three, four, five
or more; these holes or recesses may pass either directly through the enlarged
part of the spindle, or wholly or partly through both parts or diameters of the
spindle, and they are employed for opening the communication between the orifices
and the central chamber, or when more than one valve or valve spindles for opening
or closing the communication between the various orifices or central chambers,
according to the position in which the valve spindle may have been turned.

page_text: On the valve spindle, or on each valve spindle, when more than one is used, may
also be mounted, but on the outside of the valve casing, a suitable lever, wheel
(toothed or otherwise) or its equivalent for turning or operating purposes either
by hand, or by power, say by hydraulic pressure or by a ram, suitable levers,
toggles, tappets, and other connections (one, both, or all) being employed for
connecting them together and for operating the spindle or spindles at the required
time. When more than one valve spindle is employed, they may if desired, be
geared together.
Dated this Twenty-seventh day of August 1895.
Improvements in or relating to Valves applicable for Use with
Hydraulic Apparatus.
1, WALTER JAMES, of 1 Lincoln Square, Lincoln Road, Leeds, in the County
of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in valves for use with hydraulic
apparatus; and its object is to construct a simple and readily made valve that
may be used either as an ordinary hydraulic valve, or with hydraulic apparatus
that is required to work at one pressure or several varying pressures, such as for
instance with a hydraulic press to which an "intensifier or "accumulator" has
been applied or combined.
In the drawings hereunto annexed :—
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation, Fig. 2 an end elevation, and Fig. 3 a plan
looking at the top of a single valve constructed according to this invention.
Figs. 4 and 5 are sectional plans respectively on lines w w, and xx Fig. 1.
Fig. 6 a sectional plan of a double valve adapted to be fixed to a wall or other
support.
Fig. 7 a sectional elevation on line y y Fig. 6, but with the valve spindles
removed.
Figs. 8 and 9 are respectively a front elevation and an end elevation of a double
valve drawn to a smaller scale.
Fig. 10 a part sectional elevation of valve spindle drawn to the same scale as
Figs. 6 and 7.
Fig. 11 an elevation showing the double valve applied to a hydraulic press and
an accumulator.
I will first describe a single valve constructed according to my invention and
such as is shown at Figs. 1 to 5; then as a double valve also constructed according
to my invention such as is shown at Figs. 6 to 9, by which three distinct pressures
may be given to the press ram; and afterwards their working in connection with
say a hydraulic press.
Referring to Figs. 1 to 5 :—
One, two, or more of the hereinafter described valves and their casings may be
used as circumstances require, and when more than one valve casing A is employed,
the several casings may or may not be connected together by suitable passages or
pipes; or a single casing A may be constructed for the reception of two or more
valves, as at Fig. 6, with the passages cast or otherwise formed therein.
In its simplest form say as at Figs. 1 to 5 the valve casing A is made of metal

page_text: and provided with say three orifices, B, C, D, as at Fig. 3, respectively for the
inlet and exit of the water, oil, or other liquid, all of which are hereafter included
in the term water. Two of these orifices may if desired be on one side of the
casing, and one on the opposite side thereof, but I prefer to arrange them as
shown in the drawings, yet I would have it distinctly understood that if desired
the number and position of these orifices may be increased and varied as
circumstances may require, and each of the said orifices may be surrounded by a
suitable boss marked respectively b c d screwed (or otherwise) for the reception of
a nut F for tightening and joint making purposes, or with flanges. Each of the
orifices is connected by suitable passages G and H with the central chamber I in
which the valve spindle J, also made of metal, works. The valve spindle J may
be made in one, two, or more diameters (two diameters are shown in drawings) but
when made in one diameter, an additional water passage or chamber, or annular or
other recess (not shown in the drawings) of any convenient size and shape, will
require to be formed in the central hole I around the spindle, but I prefer using a
spindle J of say two diameters as shown in the drawings. The spindle Jis
mounted so as to be turned or revolved freely in a suitable gland or packing K
with its largest diameter within the central hole I. A central water passage
around the spindle J can then by this means be formed by making the central
hole I of say about the same diameter as the largest diameter of the valve
spindle J and the top of the central hole could be closed by a leather or other
hydraulic packing & being retained in its position by any convenient form of
gland, or nut K or it or their equivalents. A gland in the form of a nut is shown
in the drawings.
The under surface of the larger diameter which works against the bottom of the
central hole and which forms a valve seating is employed as the valve for opening
or closing the communication between the central hole and the orifices. The
valve spindle J may if required be kept down by the pressure of the water upon
the upper surface of its enlarged portion or by any other mechanical means (either
alone or in combination) such as say a set screw L and lock nut or nuts / mounted
in suitable frame or bracket M fixed to lugs a a over the top of the spindle J. In
the spindle J may be formed a port j which may pass either directly through the
enlarged part of the spindle, or wholly or partly through both parts or diameters
of the spindle, as shown in the drawings and it is employed for opening the
communication between the orifices and the central chamber.
On the valve spindle J may also be mounted, but on the outside of the valve
casing, a suitable lever N or a wheel (toothed or otherwise) or its equivalent for
turning or operating purposes either by hand, or by power, say by hydraulic
pressure or by a ram (weighted or otherwise), suitable levers, toggles, tappets, and
other connections (one, both, or all) being employed for connecting them together
and for operating the spindle or spindles at the required time. O, P, and Q are
pipes for connecting the orifices B, C, and D respectively to the source of supply,
that is the inlet, say to the press, and to the waste or exit. Pipes O and Q are
also provided with hydraulic valves of ordinary construction.
The valve casing A may be fixed in position by bolts or set screws passing
through the lugs a' a', or by any other equivalent and convenient means.
The working of the valve is as hereafter described.
Water enters the valve casing A through pipe O, orifice B, then passes through
passage G in the casing and port j in the valve spindle J (which has been moved
by handle N immediately over and in communication with the passage G) into
central chamber I and from thence through orifice C, pipe P to the cylinder of
the press or other machine or apparatus. The passage H being then closed by the
blank or solid portion of the valve spindle J. But when it is required to allow
the water to return from the press or other cylinder, the handle N is moved to the
position 2, shown in dotted lines at Fig. 3, when the port j in the valve spindle J
will be directly over and in communication with the passage H, thus permitting
water entering the casing A and central chamber 1 through orifice C to pass.

page_text: through port j, passage H, and orifice D to pipe Q and from thence to a tank or to
waste.
When the handle N is in a midway position that is as shown in dotted lines at 3
Fig. 3, the communication with passages G and H will be completely shut off; the
port in the valve spindle J being then between the two passages G and H.
Referring now to the double valve shown at Figs. 6 to 9, so far as possible like
parts to the single valve are marked with similar letters of reference.
A is the metal casing armed with lugs a a a, a¹ a¹ a¹ a¹. In the casing A are
two chambers I l' for the reception of the valve spindles J, J. Four
orifices B, C, D, E-respectively surrounded by bosses b c d e on which are
screwed the nuts F F F F,- -are also provided in the casing A ; in which are also
formed the passages G, H and H. Passages G and H being in direct commu-
nication with the orifices C, and E.
In each of the valve spindles J J¹ is formed one, or more if required, ports jj
of any suitable size and shape. In the drawings only one port j or j¹ is shown in
each valve spindle.
K K' are nut like glands and k k' are leather packings for respectively retaining
the valve spindles J J¹ in position and making water tight joints.
LL' are set screws, armed with locknuts 11, mounted in the framework M,
and they are employed for keeping the valve spindles J J¹ down upon their
seatings.
The valve spindles J J' are shown in the drawings geared together by spur
wheels N N N which may be operated by a rack T (weighted or otherwise)
connected to a ram T¹ working in a hydraulic cylinder T2 (see Fig. 9), connected
by a suitable pipe and valve, not shown in the drawings, to the water supply, or
any other equivalent and suitable mechanical means may be employed in place
thereof.
When the rack T is weighted, as shown at Fig. 11, a series of weights U, U',
and U2, one of which may be fixed to the top of the rack, and the other weights
may be hung on chains passing over pulleys at different heights so that each weight
may successively be brought into action as the rack rises.
O, P, Q, Q are pipes which are employed for respectively connecting the valve
casing A to the source of water supply, the accumulator, and the press.
Pipe O is provided with a hydraulic valve of ordinary construction having an
inlet and outlet sections, and pipe P is provided with an outlet pipe Q2 armed with
a valve Q3 of ordinary construction.
R is the hydraulic press provided with a cylinder R', ram R² and table R³, all
of ordinary construction.
The intensifier or accumulator of well known construction, hereafter termed the
accumulator, consists of a fixed hollow ram S mounted on suitable framework.
Around the periphery of the fixed hollow ram slides a second ram which forms a
cylinder for the fixed hollow ram. The second ram is hereafter termed the sliding
ram S¹, one end of which passes through a gland S* and works in a fixed
cylinder S. To the fixed hollow ram S and cylinder Sare respectively connected
the pipes QQ'
The working of the double valve is as follows:-
When it is required to lift the press table R³ quickly but at a decreased pressure
to that at which the water enters the valve casing A, the ports in the valve
spindles J J are placed respectively over passage H in chamber J and passage G
in chamber J¹. Water entering the casing A passes through inlet pipe O and
orifice B into chamber I then through the port j in the valve spindle J into
passage H and out of the casing A through orifice E into pipe Q by which the
water is conveyed to the fixed hollow ram S. The interior of the sliding ram S'is
thereby filled with water which causes it to descend into the fixed cylinder S³,
when the water already therein will be forced out of the cylinder and into the
pipe Q by which it is conveyed to orifice C in casing A, thence through passage G
and port (in valve spindle J') to chamber 1' and out of the casing A through

page_text: orifice D into pipe P by which it is conveyed to the press cylinder R¹ for
quickly raising the press table R³.
But when the water is required to pass to the press cylinder R' at its normal
pressure, the ports; respectively in the valve spindles J J' are moved by the
action of the rain Tin cylinder T2, rack T and gearing N N N until the said
ports are over and directly in communication with the passage H₁ at both
its ends.
On water entering the casing A from pipe O through orifice B it passes into
chamber I, down port j in the valve spindle J into, along, and up passage H¹,
through port j in valve spindle J¹ into chamber I', then through orifice D to
pipe P by which it is conveyed to the press cylinder R' for raising the table R³ at
a normal pressure, that is at or about the same pressure at which it enters the
casing A from the pipe O.
To return the sliding ram S¹ to the top of its stroke and at the same time to
continue lifting the press table R³ at an increased pressure, I arrange the valves as
follows:-
The valve spindles J and J' are turned by the rack T-actuated by
gearing N N N and the ram T' which works in the hydraulic cylinder T-
until the port j in valve spindle J is directly over and in communication with the
end of passage G in the chamber I, and the port j in valve spindle J' turned
until it is directly over and in communication with the end or passage H in the
chamber I. Water then entering the casing A from pipe O passes through
orifice B into chamber I, down port j into passage G and into orifice C (the
opposite end of passage G which opens into chamber I¹ being then closed by the
end of valve spindle J') into pipe Q¹ by which it is conveyed to the fixed
cylinder S² for raising the sliding ram S₁ to the top of its stroke. As the sliding
ram Srises, the water already in its interior is forced up the fixed hollow rain
into pipe Q by which it is conveyed back to the casing A, which it enters through
orifice E and passes along and up passage H (the opposite end of this passage in
chamber I being then closed by valve spindle J) through port j¹ into chamber 1'
and out through orifice D into pipe P by which it is conveyed to the press
cylinder R' for raising the press table R³ with an increased pressure to that at
which the water originally enters the casing A from pipe O.
When it is required to lower the press table R³ the valve (which is of ordinary
construction) fixed on the outlet pipe Q2 is opened, and an inlet and outlet valve 01
(also of ordinary construction) on inlet pipe O is closed to the inlet and opened to
the outlet, when the pressures on the rams R2 and T¹ will be immediately removed
which allows them to fall in their respective cylinders and the water to escape
from the press cylinder R' through pipes P and Q2. As the ram T' falls in its
cylinder the gearing N1 N2 N is actuated by the rack T and thereby the valve
spindles JJ are rotated until port ¹ is over and in communication with end of
passage G in chamber 11, and port j over and in communication with end of
passage H in chamber I.
But to ensure the sliding ram S¹ being always returned to the top of its stroke,
I make provision as follows:-
The inlet portion of valve O' is closed and its outlet is opened-valve Q³ being
then closed the port j¹ being over the end of passage G in chamber I', and port j
over end of passage H in chamber I permits the water by the falling of the press
table R³ to pass through the valve casing A as follows:-
:
Water enters from pipe P through orifice D into chamber 11, down port j¹ into
passage G and out through orifice (owing to the opposite end of the passage G
being closed in chamber I by valve spindle J) into pipe Q by which it is
conveyed into fixed cylinder S² for raising the sliding ram S¹ to the top of its
stroke. At the same time water already in the interior of the sliding ram S' is
forced up the fixed hollow ram S through pipe Q, orifice E, passage H (its end in
chamber I being closed by valve spindle J¹), port j, orifice B, and pipe O to the
outlet portion of valve O₁ when it runs to waste or to a tank. But should the

page_text: sliding ram S¹ reach the top of its stroke before the press table R³ has fully
fallen to its lowest point, then the valve Q³ may be also opened to permit of the
press table R³ continuing to fall.
By increasing or varying the number of ports in the valve spindles, and
increasing or varying the number and position of the passages (and orifices also
if so required) in the valve casing A, a greater variety of pressures may be
obtained, but for most purposes the two class of valves herein described will be
found sufficient.
The herein described valves may be applied to and combined with other kinds
of hydraulic apparatus other than presses.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and how the same is to be performed, I am aware that accumulators or
intensifiers operated by a number of valves arranged either separately, or several
valves in one or more casings have, prior to the date of this application, been
applied to or combined with hydraulic presses, but to such I do not make any
claim except when formed and arranged in the manner hereinbefore described,
and what I claim is :-
1. In a valve such as herein described and illustrated, applicable for use with
hydraulic apparatus, the casing having a central chamber, such as I, com-
municating with a number of orifices such as B, C, D and passages such as G
and H, arranged as described, said central chamber being closed with a nut like
gland such as K and leather such as k, and a valve spindle such as J provided
with a port or ports such as j and arranged to work in said central chamber
whereby a communication may be formed between one or more of the passages
and orifices and the central chamber, or completely shut off, all combined and
arranged substantially as and for the purposes herein described and illustrated
with reference to Figs. 1 to 5 of the accompanying drawings.
2. In a valve such as herein described applicable for use with hydraulic
apparatus, the casing having two or more chambers, such as I l¹ communicating
with a number of passages such as G, H, H', and orifices such as B, C, D, E,
said chambers being closed by nut like glands such as K and leathers such as k,
valve spindles such as J J' provided with one or more ports such as jj and armed
with gearing such as N N¹ N2 or its equivalent, capable of being actuated simul-
taneously by hydraulic pressure or by other mechanical means, whereby the
position of the said 'ports may be changed as the various passages and orifices are
required to be opened to or closed against communication with the chambers in
which the valve spindles work, all arranged and combined substantially as and
for the purposes herein described with reference to Figs. 6 to 10 of the
accompanying drawings.
3. The arrangement and combination of the herein described and illustrated
double valve with a hydraulic press and an accumulator by means of which the
varying pressure of the water and the speed of the rams may be regulated
according to the work to be performed substantially as herein set forth.
Dated this Twenty-second day of May 1896.
WALTER JAMES.