CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Walton, of Haughton Dale Mills, near
Denton, in the County of Lancaster, Card Manufacturer, for the Inven-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Walton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd October 1856.
I, FREDERICK WALTON, of. Haughton Dale Mills, near Denton, in the
County of Lancaster, Card Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, first, in manufacturing brushes with a hollow back
or mounting containing a cushion, to give elasticity to the bristles or wires of
which the brush is composed. Also in the application of gutta percha and
sheet metal or alloys, or combinations of metals, moulded or stamped to the
required shape for making the backs or mountings of brushes, and in com-
bining gutta percha with tortoiseshell, ivory, papier mache, vulcanile, sheet
metal, and other substances, in forming the backs or mountings.
My Invention also consists in the mode of putting the component parts of
the brush together. The hollow back or mounting is made with a flange into
which fits a slight frame; the fabric or other material in which the bristles or
wires are inserted is held between the flange and the frame, and retains the
cushion in its place.
These improvements are applicable to cloth brushes, hair brushes, flesh
brushes, horse brushes, and brushes for other purposes. Where great clasticity
[Price 8d.]

page_text: and durability are required in the wires forming the brush, I set the wires in
vulcanized or other preparation of india-rubber, to which a piece of cotton or
other fabric is secured by paste or otherwise until the wires are set; the back of
the india-rubber is then coated with india-rubber cement to secure the wires,
and a back of cotton or other fabric is then secured round the margin outside of
the wires; the cotton or other fabric is then removed from the front of the india-
rubber, leaving the wires set entirely in the india-rubber. In some cases, where
great delicacy of action is required, as in flesh brushes, I place a thin cushion
or layer of cotton, wool, or other very soft material behind the fabric and india-
rubber in which the wires are set, and form the remainder of the cushion of
hair, felt, or other suitable material. When the back or mounting is of sheet
metal, the hollow part containing the cushion is stamped to the required shape
for giving strength and durability, and the light frame with the wires is secured
thereto by binding the edges over a metal ring.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Frederick Walton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd April 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
WALTON, of Haughton Dale Mills, near Denton, in the County of Lancaster,
Card Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Frederick Walton, Her special license that I, the said Frederick Walton,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as the said
Frederick Walton, my exccutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exer-
cise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Frederick Walton, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what.
-manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in

page_text: the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Walton, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say) :-
The nature of my said Invention consists, first, in manufacturing brushes
with a hollow back or mounting containing a cushion, to give elasticity to the
bristles or wires of which the brush is composed.
Secondly, in making the backs or mountings of brushes (containing
cushions) of gulta percha, either by itself or in combination with tortoiseshell,
ivory, papier mache, vulcanite, sheet metal, or other ornamental substances.
Thirdly, in making the backs or mountings of brushes (containing cushions)
of sheet metal or alloys, or combinations of metal, stamped to the required
shape.
Fourthly, in certain improved modes of putting together the component
parts of a brush.
Fifthly, in setting the wires of brushes in vulcanized or other preparation of
india-rubber, from which the cotton or other fabric is removed.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me, reference
being had to the accompanying Drawing, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon.
Fig. 1 is a section through one of my improved brush backs or mountings,
and of a set of moulds or dies suitable for forming such backs or mountings of
gutta percha or other plastic material. Fig. 2 is a plan view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a section through a mould for forming the slight frame by which the
component parts of the brush are held together; Fig. 4 is a section through
one of my improved brushes, and of the moulds or dies, by means of which the
component parts of the brush are united. The lower mould or die, shewn in
Figs. 1 and 2, is put together in the following manner:-a is the bottom plate,
to. which is fixed by screws or otherwise the half side b, the other half side is
marked b¹; between the sides band b¹ fits the plate c, which may be engraved
so as to produce corresponding ornaments on the back or mounting of the
brush; this mould when put together is placed in the strong plate d, by which
the parts of the mould are securely held when in the press. The upper die is
marked e, and the shank thereof fits in the spindle of a screw or other press
of the usual construction. The mode of operation is as follows:-The parts
forming the lower mould, held together by the plate d, are placed in the press.

page_text: and the die e connected to the spindle of the press is raised sufficiently to admit
a piece of warm gutta percha, or other suitable plastic material, being placed
within the lower mould, the die e is then brought down with the required
force to compress the gutta percha or other material into the space between
the mould and die, as shewn in Fig. 1; the attendant then raises the die e,
removes the mould from the press, lifts the parts forming the mould from the
plate d, and by separating the parts of the mould sets the back or mounting
marked at liberty.
The slight frame marked g in Fig. 3 is formed by compressing the .gutta
percha or other suitable plastic material in the mould h, over which a flat
plate is placed to press the gutta percha or other material into the groove in
the mould. The fabric or other material into which the bristles or wires are
inserted is then attached by cement or otherwise to the slight frame g, and a
piece of wood or other material is placed at the bottom of the back or
mounting f, as shewn at h¹ in Fig. 4. The back or mounting f is then put in
the mould i, which is made in two parts, as shewn in Fig. 2. The cushion
which I prefer to make partly of hair felt, and partly of cotton wadding, or
other soft material, but which may be composed of a spring or springs, is put
in the recessed part of the back or mounting, the slight frame g with the
wires or bristles attached to it is then placed above the back or mounting, and
cement is spread over the parts where the frame -g fits the back or mounting;
the tin or other cover i, which is also made in two parts, is then put over. the
wires or bristles to retain them within proper limits until the die k is put in
its place over the frame g; the case is then removed, and the whole is put
in a press in order to compress the frame g into the recess in the back or
mounting; this compressing together of the parts causes the fabric or other
material in which the wires or bristles are set to be distended over the cushion,
and the parts remain under pressure until the cement is hard. This operation
completes the brush. The Drawing represents moulds of suitable shapes for
making flesh brushes. It will, however, be apparent that cloth brushes, hair
brushes, horse brushes, and brushes for other purposes may in like manner be
made by altering the shape of the moulds, and by varying the nature of the
cushion, according to the purpose required. When great elasticity is required,
I set the wires in vulcanized or other suitable preparation of india-rubber,
to which a piece of cotton or other fabric is temporarily secured by paste or
otherwise; the back of the india-rubber is then coated with india-rubber
cement to secure the wires, and a back of cotton or other fabric is then secured
round the margin outside the wires; the cotton or other fabric temporarily
secured by paste or otherwise is then removed from the face of the india-

page_text: rubber, thereby leaving the wires set entirely in the india-rubber. The other
parts of the brush are made as above described, or in any approved manner.
Fig. 5 represents a section of a brush suitable for catile or other purposes.
1 is a sheet metal back, made of iron, brass, or other metals, or alloys or com-
bination of metals, stamped into a concave form, so as to combine strength
with lightness. Within this back is a cushion of hair felt, or other material.
The wires are set in strong fabric attached to the rim m; this rim is secured to
the back by turning over the circumferences of the back, as shewn in the
Drawing.
The requisite moulds and dies for stamping and uniting the parts of this
brush are not shown in the Drawing, as any workman acquainted with the
mode of stamping sheet metal can make them without further instructions.
The strap n is attached to the back by rivets and washer plates, as shown.
The backs or mountings of these improved brushes may be ornamented by
combining tortoiseshell, ivory, papier mache, or vulcanite with the gutta
percha or sheet metal, of which they are principally composed.
Having thus particularly described the nature of my Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, I declare that what I claim is,-
First, manufacturing brushes with a hollow back or mounting containing a
cushion, to give elasticity to the wires or bristles, as described.
Secondly, the application of gutta percha by itself, or in combination with
tortoiseshell, ivory, papier mache, vulcanite, sheet metal, or other ornamental
substances, for making the backs or mountings of brushes containing elastic
cushions, as described.
Thirdly, making the backs or mountings of brushes (containing elastic
cushions) of sheet metal, or alloys or combinations of metal, as described.
Fourthly, the improved mode of putting together the component parts of
brushes, as shown and described in reference to Figs. 4 and 5.
And, lastly, setting the wires of brushes in vulcanized or other preparation
of india-rubber, from which the cotton or other fabric is removed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Walton, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
35 Witness,
H. B. BARLOW, Manchester.
FREDERICK WALTON. (L.S.)