AN IMPROVED MODE OF SEPARATING SUBSTANCES OF DIFFERENT NATURE OR COMPOSITION BY MEANS OF DISPLACEMENT AND SUBSTITUTION."
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Moreau-Darluc, of. Paris (France), Gentle-
man, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MODE OF SEPARATING SUBSTANCES
OF DIFFERENT NATURE OR COMPOSITION BY MEANS OF DISPLACEMENT AND
SUBSTITUTION."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Moreau-Darluc
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th June 1855.
I, CHARLES MOREAU-DARLUC, of Paris (France), Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF SEPARATING
SUBSTANCES OF DIFFERENT NATURE OR COMPOSITION BY MEANS OF DISPLACEMENT AND
SUBSTITUTION" to be as follows:-
It consists in forcing a jet of compressed air (either in a moistened or dry
state) to pass from or through à suitable apparatus, in which the same is dilated
by the application of heat, and applying the expansive force of this air to
exercise a pressure on the atmospheric air, or suitable gases contained in a
suitable vessel above the substances from which certain soluble parts are
-to be separated_by_displacement and substitution, and which substances have
been previously moistened with any-suitable: menstruum, in order that by the
pressure exerted by the said compressed and subsequently heated and dilated

page_text: air, the soluble parts will be forced to pass in a cold or warm state through the
filter on which the same have been placed in the interior of the vessel; and
after the same have by this means been sufficiently extracted, the compressed
and subsequently heated and dilated air itself may be made to pass through
the substances on the filter, in order to dry or desiccate the same.
In putting the Invention into practical effect, I employ a suitable vessel of
sufficient strength. hermetically closed and provided at the top and at the
bottom with proper induction and eduction pipes. and stop-cocks, the pipe at
the top serving for introducing the compressed and subsequently dilated air,
and the other for permitting to draw off the liquids from the vessel. Another
opening, situated above the filter, and also to be hermetically closed; serves for
introducing and discharging the substances to be acted upon, which latter are
laid in a more or less finely divided state on a filter or perforated false bottom;
situated in the interior of the vessel-at-a-suitable distance from the real bottom
of the same.
My Invention is applicable to such-processes in which soluble substances or
gases are to be: separated from solid materials with which the same are com-
bined; viz., for extracting juices, coloring. substances, essential, aromatic, or
other oils, gummy, resinous, or chemical principles for bleaching or other
purposes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Moreau-Darluc, in the Great Seal, Patent Office con
the 28th December 1855..
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
MOREAU-DARLUC, of Paris (France); Gentleman, send-greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of June, in the year. of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Charles Moreau-Darluc, Her special licence that. I, the said Charles
Moreau-Darluc, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Charles Moreau-Durluc, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time, agree with, and no others, from time to time: and at
all times thereafter during the, term, therein expressed, should and lawfully
might. make, use, exercise, and vend; within the. United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the, Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention

page_text: for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF SEPARATING SUBSTANCES OF DIFFERENT NATURE OR
COMPOSITION BY MEANS OF DISPLACEMENT. AND SUBSTITUTION," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Charles Moreau-Darluc, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Moreau-Darluc, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:->
:
"My Invention has for its object a ready means of extracting certain soluble
parts from substances in which they are contained. The same consists in
forcing a jet of compressed or non-compressed air, or any suitable gas or gases,
(either in a moistened or in a dry state,) to pass from or through a suitable
apparatus, in which the same are dilated or non-dilated either by the application
of heat generated by any coinbustible matter, electricity, or any other suitable
means, and applying the 'expansive force of this air, gas, or gases to exercise a
pressure on the liquids, atinospheric air, gas, or gases contained in a suitable
vessel above the substances of which certain parts are to be decomposed or
not, and extracted or separated by displacement and substitution, (that is to
say) by the percolation of any suitable liquid, gas, or gases; or a partial
vacuum may be formed, or an aspiration take place under the said substances;
of which certain parts are to be extracted; or both methods may be applied
simultaneously, conjointly, or separately.
And in order to make the nature of my Invention better understood, will
now describe the manner in which I perform the same. I employ a vessel;
furnished: with a suitable cover or lid, permitting the introduction in the vessel
of the substances to be treated, and by which lid the vessel may afterwards be
hermetically closed: In the interior of the vessel at some distance from the
bottom the same is furnished with a perforated false bottom; on which are
placed the substances to be treated, and which have been brought previously
to a more or less divided state, ground or otherwise. The vessel, which must
be sufficiently strong, is furnished near the top and also between the two
bottoms with suitable pipes communicating with apparatuses, in which either
a partial vacuum may be made, or a heating of the atmosplicric air; gas, o
gases may take place. Thus, for instance, the lower pipe may serve simply
for, the abstraction of those matters which have percolated through the sub-
or

page_text: stances placed on the false bottom; or the same may communicate with an
apparatus, by which, a partial vacuum may be; established under the false
bottom. On the other hand, the pipe situated above the substances on the
false bottom may communicate, with an apparatus, by which atmospheric air
either in the natural or compressed state may be heated by any suitable means,
and consequently dilated, and forced to bear and press on the liquid contained
between and above, the substances on the false bottom, and thereby force this
liquid or menstruum with which the substances have been moistened, or which
has been introduced above these latter in the apparatus, to pass or percolate
through them, and thereby abstract from these substances certain soluble.
matters, which may then be drawn off by the lower pipe. As for the form of
the vessels, or the material of which the same are constructed, this depends
on the substances to be acted upon, and are to be so as not to be attacked by
them. Instead of having only one. pipe below and one above the false bottom,
two or more of these pipes, furnished with proper, stop-cocks, may be adapted,
according to circumstances. I also make use of the power of electricity either
for heating the liquid, air, or gases to be forced through the substances on the
false bottom; and in some cases I also make use of an electrical current for
decomposing certain parts of the substances on the false bottom, in which case
the vessel and the false bottom must be made of a material which is a bad
conductor of electricity, which, latter is obtained from a special battery or
apparatus for generating the same, and this electricity is conducted to the
substances on the false bottom; or parts of the apparatus may be made of
different metals, so as to make this latter form itself a galvanic battery, by
which an electrical current is generated, which is made to act on the sub-
stances on the false bottom.
In order further to make it better understood in what manner my Invention
is put into effect, let it be required, for instance, to abstract from sugar crystals
containing syrup (or what is called muscovadoes), and other matters rendering
the crystals impure, those impurities, and syrup, and obtain the crystals in a
pure and dry state. I then act as follows:-The muscovadoes or impure
crystals are put on the false bottom in the interior of the vessel, after which
the lid is put on, and the same is hermetically closed and secured. The lower
pipe opening under the false bottom is opened, and by the upper pipe heated
atmospheric air is introduced; this latter forces the syrup to percolate through
the crystals, and to be drawn off by the lower pipe; after which pure water is
introduced in the vessel above the crystals, and forced likewise to percolate
through them, by which means the impurities or colouring matters accom-
panying the crystals are forced down; after which, finally, a jet of heated dry.

page_text: atmospheric air is forced through the crystals, which thereby become entirely
dried.
My Invention is applicable to the treatment of all such substances con-
taining certain parts which may be made soluble by any suitable menstruum,
and are wished to be abstracted from them; such, for instance, as the refining
or purification of sugar, or the extracting of saccharine matters from substances
containing the same; the extraction of tanning liquids from tan, worts from
malt; the extracting of juices, coloring or dyeing matters, essential, aromatic,
or other oils, gummy, resinous, or medical or chemical principles; decomposing,
impregnating, retting, bleaching, washing, cleaning, drying, or dessicating
operations, and whatever may be the substances on which these operations
take place.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which I put the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that what I
claim as my Invention consists of the application to various useful purposes.
of the principles of forcing a jet of dilated or non-dilated atmospheric air,
gas, or gases, either compressed or non-compressed previously, and in a cold
or warm state, to act and press in a suitable closed vessel on the liquid or
menstruum with which substances from which certain soluble parts are to be
abstracted are moistened or impregnated, these substances being contained
in the said vessel on a perforated false bottom, and with or without the aid of
a partial vacuum under the false bottom; and also the application of elec-
tricity, generated by any suitable means, either to the dilating of the air, gas,
or gases above mentioned; or to the decomposition of certain matters, parts of
which are to be forced through the substances to be treated, or to the decom-
position of the substances to be subjected to this process, and in the manner,
as has been described, for obtaining a ready and effectual mode of acting.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Moreau-Darluc, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
CHARLES MOREAU-DARLUC. (L.S.)