Improvements in and connected with Pneumatic Tyres for Cycles and other Vehicles.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Feb., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 12th July, 1893-Accepted, 23rd Sept., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Pneumatic Tyres for Cycles
and other Vehicles.
I, ALEXANDER BLACK, of 90 Commercial Street, Dundee, in the County of
Forfar, N.B. Cycle Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to pneumatic elastic tyres fitted to the rims of wheels of
cycles or other vehicles, and consists in improvements in the disposition and shape
of the material which forms the tread, thus lessening, or even entirely reducing the
suction between the tyre and the ground, and improved methods of fastening the
cover to the rim and of obtaining access to the air tube.
My first improvement relates to the construction of the cover, usually made of
canvass, which protects the air tube, such cover being externally covered or
protected by the rubber tyre. Said cover may be made from two pieces of canvass,
or other suitable material cut from the piece, that is to say, cut from the fabric to
form a ring. The internal diameter of the canvass ring is such, that when attached
to the rim of the wheel and the air tube inflated there will be no creases, and the
external diameter of same is such, that the two canvass rings may be overlapped
equally and attached to one another. Such rings have corrugations cut in their
external diameters, so that when combined to form a complete cover, the tread will
be corrugated transversely. These corrugations may also be formed by means of
transverse cords or bands passing over the tread and fixed to the wires.
Instead of cutting the canvass rings from the piece I may weave or knit them to
the desired shape, or I may even weave or knit such corrugated cover in one piece,
or construct it in any other known way.
In fastening the tyre to the wheel according to one modification, I employ two
wires or bands laid in and surrounding the rim which is externally concave in cross
section such wires being attached to the cover in the known way and coupled
together; to form continuous rings, by means of hooks and eyes at their extremities.
In order to adjust the diameter of these rings each hook or eye, or both, may be
Where such hooks and
combined with nuts screwed on to the ends of such wires.
eves are, the wires protrude from or are unattached to the canvass cover, and thus
that portion of such cover will be left unsupported. To obviate this the part of
the cover unattached to the wire which forms a flap is stiffened and thickened by
means of a cord, or a piece of cane, or by any other suitable material, such flap
being folded outside of, and under the wire or band after it has been coupled, the
cord or other stiffener being within the cover, so that when the air tube is inflated
such flap will be held in position.
Instead of the before mentioned hooks and eyes, right and left handed coupling
nuts or their equivalent may be employed.
According to another modification, each side of the cover, may have its wire
wrapped round the rim two or more times, such cover being attached to the coil of
wire in any known manner, the ends of such wires protruding from the canvass at
such a distance apart as to allow of hooks and eyes, right and left handed coupling
nuts, or other suitable couplings being employed. By employing the coil of wire
in the manner described, the cover will be continuously held close to the rim even
where the joint is; that is to say where the ends of the wires protrude from the
canvass.
Dated this 10th day of 1002
GEO. C. DOUGLAS & Co.,
41, Reform Street, Dundee, Agents for Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Pneumatic Tyres for Cycles
and other Vehicles.
I, ALEXANDER BLACK, of 90 Commercial Street, Dundee, in the County of
Forfar, N.B. Cycle Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to pneumatic elastic tyres fitted to the rims of wheels of
cycles or other vehicles, and consists in improvements in the disposition and shape of
the material which forms the tread, thus lessening, or even entirely reducing the
suction between the tyre and the ground, and improved methods of fastening
the cover to the rim and of obtaining access to the air tube.
In order that my invention may be properly understood and readily carried into
effect, I have hereunto appended three explanatory sheets of drawings in the
several figures of which corresponding parts are marked with the same numerals of
reference.
Figures 1. and 2. (Sheet 1.) show how the rings of cloth forming the cover
are cut,
Figures 3. and 4. part sectional side views of corrugated tyres,
Figures 5. 6. and 7. (Sheet 2.) views showing one method, and
Figures 8. to 13. (Sheets 2. and 3.) other methods of attaching the cover to the
rim, and of obtaining access to the air tube.
My first improvement relates to the construction of the cover, usually made of
canvas, which protects the air tube, such cover being externally covered or
protected by the rubber tyre. Said cover may be made from two pieces of
canvas 14. or other suitable material cut from the piece 15. that is to say cut from
the fabric to form a ring. The internal diameter of the canvas ring is such, that
when attached to the rim of the wheel and the air tube 16. inflated there will be no
creases, and the external diameter of same is such, that the two canvas rings may
be overlapped equally and attached to one another, as illustrated in Figures 3.
and 4. Such rings have corrugations cut in their external diameter, as shewn in
Figure 2, so that when combined to form a complete cover, by being overlapped
at 17. as previously explained, the tread will be corrugated transversely. These
corrugations 18. may also be formed by means of transverse cords or bands 19.
(Figure 4.) passing over the tread and fixed to the wires 20.
Instead of cutting the canvas rings 14. from the piece, I may weave or knit them
to the desired shape, or I may even weave or knit such corrugated cover in one
piece or construct it in any other known way.
In fastening the tyre to the wheel according to one modification, as illustrated
by Figures 5. 6. and 7, I employ two wires or bands 20. laid in and surrounding the
rim which is externally concave in cross-section, such wires being attached to the
cover in the known way and coupled together to form continuous rings, by means of
hooks and eyes at their extremities. In order to adjust the diameter of these rings
each hook or eye, or both, may be combined with nuts screwed on to the ends of
such wires. Where such hooks and eyes are, the wires 20. protrude from or are
unattached to the canvas cover, and thus that portion of such cover will be left
unsupported. To obviate this the part of the cover unattached to the wire which
forms a flap 22. is stiffened and thickened by means of a cord 23, or a piece of
cane, or by any other suitable material, such flap being folded outside of, and
under the wire or band 20. after it has been coupled, the cord 23. or other
stiffener being within the cover so that when the air tube is inflated as in Figure 5.
such flap will be held in position. Figure 6. shows the air tube deflated and how
the flap is passed under the wire 20. Instead of the before mentioned hooks and
eyes, right and left handed coupling nuts, or other equivalent may be employed.

page_text: According to another modification, each side of the cover may have its wire 24.
wrapped round the rim two or more times, I have shewn it wrapped round three
times in the drawings, such cover being attached to the coil of wire in any known
manner, the ends 25. of such wires protruding from the canvas at such a distance
apart as to allow of hooks and eyes, right and left handed coupling nuts, as shewn
in Figure 8; leather straps and buckles as in Figure 9; duplex spring books as in
Figure 12; or india-rubber bands and hooks as in Figure 13, being employed.
By employing the coil of wire 24. in the manner described, the cover will be
continuously held close to the rim even where the joint is; that is to say where the
ends of the wires protrude from the canvas. Access to the air tube may be
obtained in the known way.
I wish it to be particularly understood that I do not limit myself to the precise
details of construction hereinbefore described and illustrated on the annexed
drawings, but that I hold myself free to make such changes and alterations, as
conform with the disposition and scope of my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
(1.) In wheels provided with pneumatic tyres, the mode of securing the cover to
the tyre, of obtaining access to the air tube, and of supporting the unattached
portion of same as herein before described and illustrated by Figures 5. 6. and 7.
(2.) In wheels provided with pneumatic tyres, the mode of securing the cover to
the tyre by coils of wire, of obtaining access to the air tube, and of supporting the
cover where the joint occurs, as hereinbefore described and illustrated by
Figures 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. and 13.
Dated this 11th day of July 1893.
GEO. C. DOUGLAS &, Co.,
41, Reform Street, Dundee, Agents for Applicant.