IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR WINDING AND REELING YARNS OR THREADS, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO BOBBINS OR PIRNS AND SHUTTLES USED THEREWITH."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Bernhardt, of Radcliffe, in the County of Lancaster,
Spinner and Manufacturer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR WINDING AND REELING YARNS OR THREADS, PARTLY
APPLICABLE TO BOBBINS OR PIRNS AND SHUTTLES USED THEREWITH."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Bernhardt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd May 1881.
GEORGE BERNHARDT, of Radcliffe, in the County of Lancaster, Spinner and
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR WINDING
AND REELING YARNS. OR THREADS, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO. BOBBINS
OR PIRNS
AND SHUTTLES USED THEREWITH."
My improvements relate to the winding of yarns or threads from hanks, cops,
pirns, or bobbins on to bobbins or reels, and partly refer to bobbins or pirns on to
which yarn is wound, either in spinning or winding, which pirns or bobbins are
arranged and combined with the shuttle or holder so as to be properly retained
while the yarns unwind there-from in the process of weaving or winding.
Firstly. My Invention relates to drum winding machines, those more particularly
intended for winding dyed, and sized, and other yarns from the hank, but it is
also applicable for winding yarns from cops, pirns, or bobbins.
My Invention relates to improved combinations of mechanism, and its principal
feature consists in employing two rotating druins, between and in contact with
both of which the bobbin is arranged which is to be rotated to have the yarn or
thread wound upon it.
The drums are secured on horizontal shafts placed in suitable bearings, and by
one inodification of my Invention the axes of both shafts are in the same hori-
zontal plane; by another modification the axes of both shafts are in the same
Vertical plane.
The machines are made either single or double sided, and by one modification
three druin shafts with their axes, all in the same horizontal plane, are arranged
to wind two bobbins on each set of the three drums which come opposite each

page_text: other; and by another modification two drums with the axes of their shafts
in the same vertical plane are made to rotate two bobbins, one on each side of the
drums.
The drum shafts are both driven in the same direction by belts or gearing at
the end of the frame.
The traverse rods for distributing the threads are placed either above or below
the level of the bobbin.
The bobbins are arranged to rotate either with or without pegs or spindle axes,
and when pegs or spindles are used I some times hinge them to one side, so
that the bobbin can be placed and removed by swivelling the peg or spindle to
one side.
When the drum shafts have their axes in the same horizontal plane the bobbins
rest by their own weight between the drums, or they are weighted down upon
them, and in one arrangement the thread passes between the drums to the bobbin,
in which case a swivel lever or frame is arranged to take the end of the thread
when it is to be pieced between the drums.
When the drum shafts are placed with their axes in a vertical position, the
bobbins are each pressed between, and held against both drums by a bell-crank
weight lever acting upon or carrying the peg or spindle in the axis of the bobbin,
or a roller free to revolve on an axes carried on the weight lever presses against
the bobbin and.forces it against and between the two drums which rotate it, the
peg or spindle in this case being dispensed with.
Combined with the levers for acting upon the bobbin there are weight lever for
putting friction upon the axis of the "swifts" from which the thread is drawn to give
tension thereto, and when the bobbin lever is in the winding position the friction
arrangement is allowed to act upon the axis of the "swift," and when the bobbin
lever has withdrawn the bobbin from the drums the weight lever or friction
arrangement acting upon the swift is put out of action to allow the swift to be
freely turned to find or piece the thread.
By one modification, to prevent too much strain upon the thread when the
winding begins, the bobbin is allowed to go into contact with the driving drum an
instant before the friction is allowed to come upon the swift to produce the
required drag upon the thread being wound.
The swift according to one modification of my Invention has its axis on an arm
which is jointed so as to be turned up and held by a a latch or catch to allow the
hank to be placed or removed, or for finding or piecing the thread when broken
with less fatigue to the operater.
In combination with the drum winding improvements above mentioned, I some-
times employ stop mechanism, which is arranged so that as long.
.as the thread is
present it holds the end of a "detector lever" from contact with a toothed wheel
rotating with a shaft, but when the thread is absent the lever moves and the
rotating boss is acted upon which causes a cam to act, or the lever is acted upon
and releases a catch, which allows a spring or weight to act upon the lever for the
bobbin, which takes it from the driving drums and thus stops the winding. My
Invention also consists in combining with. winding machines (especially for fine
threads) arrangements for starting or assisting the swifts into motion when the
winding is to begin, and for assisting their rotation by frictional driving, so that
less strain will come upon the thread being wound, especially when starting to
wind, when the thread is liable to be broken by the strain which comes upon it
before the inertia of the swift can be overcome. This frictional driving of the
swift is accomplished by discs on a rotating shaft or discs driven by bands, and is
arranged to come into action and partly overcome the inertia of the swift a little
before the bobbin comes against the drums or friction surfaces to begin to wind, or
it is continually acting tending to drive the swift.
Secondly. My Invention relates to the arrangement of the pirn or bobbin from
which the yarn or thread is to be drawn in winding or reeling on a peg or spindle,
which is hinged at one end on a fulcrum or axis, so that the spindle.can be, readily
'

page_text: turned and held by a spring or sliding bolt or lever and spring in either of two
positions, that is, in one position in which the pirn or bobbin does not rotate, the
yarn or thread being drawn off the pirn at the end (copwise) and into the other
position, so that when the yarn or thread is drawn off the pirn or bobbin it will
rotate, the spindle being moved into the latter position to wind off the yarn at the
bottom of the pirn which can only be unwound with ordinary arrangements?
without breakage at a slow speed owing to the inertia and friction of the rotating
pirn or bobbin.
..
To increase the speed at which this winding of the thread from the pirn or
bobbin can be effected, my Invention consists in arranging the pirn so that its
bottom head, or a disc upon the spindle, or a tube upon the spindle, or the spindle
itself, will be driven by the frictional contact of a rotating disc or other arrange-
ment, this driving friction not being sufficient alone to rotate the bobbin or pirn
without the assistance of the drag of the thread which is being drawn off the pirn
or bobbin, and by this assisted driving the "drag" upon the thread being. wound.
will be diminished, and thus a greater speed of winding can be attained.
To facilitate the unwinding of the thread endways from the pirn, .my Invention
also consists in placing a ring or tube upon the point end of the spindle, peg, or
pirn to keep the thread from frictional contact with the pirn in unwinding.
Thirdly. My Invention relates to an improved construction of pirns so as to
hold more thread than those of ordinary form, and which will be stronger and,
less liable to break and cause breakage in the thread, and also in their adaptation to
and combination with the shuttle or spindle from which the yarn wound upon
the pirn is unwound in the act of wearing or winding.
The spindle or peg of the shuttle or of the winhing or reeling frame is made
with an oblong collar near its jointed end, and the pirn is formed with a under
cut recess in its axis. at the large end of the pirn, so that when it is placed upon,
the spindle, peg, or tongue the oblong collar will enter this recess when the pirn is
partly rotated; at the same movement two flat sides on the large end of the pirn
will come opposite a recess in the shuttle or part to which the peg is hinged, so
that when this peg or spindle is turned on its joint into the position in the shuttle
for weaving, or into its position for winding or reeling, the pirn will be prevented
from turning upon the hinged peg, tongue, or spindle, and will thus be held
securely while the yarn is unwinding in weaving, winding, or reeling.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said George Bernhardt in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
1st November 1881.
GEORGE BERNHARDT, of Radcliffe, in the County of Lancaster, Spinner and
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR WINDING
AND REELING YARNS OR THREADS, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO BOBBINS OR PIRNS
AND SHUTTLES USED THEREWITH."
My improvements relate to the winding of yarns or threads from hanks, cops,
pirns, or bobbins on to bobbins or reels, and partly refer to bobbins or pirns on to
which yarn is wound, either in spinning or winding, which pirns or hobbins are
arranged and combined with the shuttle or holder so as to be properly retained
while the yarns unwind there-from in the process of weaving and winding.
Firstly. My Invention relates to drum winding machines, those more particularly
intended for winding dyed and sized and other yarns from the hank, but is also
applicable for winding yarns from cops, pirns, or bobbins.
My Invention relates to improved combinations of mechanism, and its principal
feature consists in employing two rotating drums between and in contact with
both of which the bobbin is arranged, which is to be rotated to have the yarn or
thread wound upon it.
The drums are secured on horizontal shafts placed in suitable bearings, and by
one modification of my Invention the axes of both shafts are in the same horizontal
plane; by another modification the axes of both shafts are in the same vertical
plane.
The machines are made either single or doubled sided, and by one modification
three drum shafts with their axes, all in the same horizontal plane, are arranged to
wind two bobbins on each set of the three drums which come opposite each other,
and by another modification two drums with the axes of their shafts in the same
vertical plane are made to rotate two bobbins, one on each side of the drums.
The drum shafts are both driven in the same direction by belt ropes or gearing
at the end of the frame.
The traverse rods for distributing the threads are placed either above or below
the level of the bobbin.
The bobbins are arranged to rotate either with or without pegs or spindle axes,
and when pegs or spindles are used I sometimes hinge them to one side, so that
the bobbin can be placed and removed by swivelling the peg or spindle to one
side.
When the drum shafts have their axes in the same horizontal plane the bobbins
rest by their own weight between the drums, or they are weighted down upon
them, and in one arrangement the thread passes between the drums to the bobbin,
in which case a swivel lever or frame is arranged to take the end of the thread
when it is to be pieced between the drums.
When the drum shafts are placed with their axes in a vertical plane the bobbins
.are each pressed between and held against both drums by a bell crank weight lever
acting upon or carrying the peg or spindle in the axis of the bobbin; or a roller
free to revolve on an axis carried on the weight lever presses against the bobbin
and forces it against and between the two drums which rotate it, the peg or
spindle in this case being dispensed with.
Combined with the levers for acting upon the bobbin there are weight levers
for putting friction upon the axis of the swifts from which the thread is drawn
to give tension thereto, and when the bobbin lever is in the winding position the
friction arrangement is allowed to act upon the axis of the swift, and when the

page_text: bobbin lever has withdrawn the bobbin from the drums, the weight lever or friction
arrangement acting upon the swift is withdrawn or put out of action to allow the
swift to be freely turned to find or piece the thread.
The swift, according to one modification of my Invention, has its axis on an arm
which is jointed so as to be turned up, and held by a latch or catch to allow the hank
to be placed or removed, or for finding or piecing the thread when broken with less
fatigue to the operator.
In combination with the drum winding improvements above mentioned, I some-
times employ stop mechanism which is arranged so that as long as the thread is
present it holds the end of a "detector lever" from contact with a toothed wheel
rotating with a shaft, but when the thread is absent the lever, moves, and the
rotating boss is acted upon which causes a cam to act; or the lever is acted upon
and releases a catch which allows a spring or weight to act upon the lever for the
bobbin, which takes it from the driving drums and thus stops the winding.
My Invention also consists in combining with winding machines (especially, for
fine threads) arrangements for assisting the motion or giving rotary motion, to the
swifts or bobbins when winding by frictional driving, so that less strain will come upon.
the thread being wound when winding at an increased speed, and greater production
will result.
This frictional driving of the swift or bobbins is accomplished by dises, drums, or
pulleys on a rotating shaft or discs driven by bands.
Secondly. My Invention relates to the arrangement of the pirn or bobbin from
which the yarn or thread is to be drawn in winding or reeling on a peg or spindle
which is hinged at one end on a fulcrum or axis, so that the spindle can be readily
turned and held by a spring or sliding bolt or lever and spring in either of two
positions, that is, in one position in which the pirn or bobbin does not rotate, the
yarn or thread being drawn off the pirn at the end (copwise) and into the other
position, so that when the yarn or thread is drawn off the pirn or bobbin it will
rotate, the spindle being moved into the latter position to wind off the yarn at the
bottom of the pirn, which can only be unwound with ordinary arrangements
without breakage at a slow speed owing to the inertia and friction of the rotating
pirn or bobbin.
To increase the speed at which this winding of the thread from the pirn or
bobbin can be effected, my Invention consists in arranging the pirn so that its
bottom head, or a disc upon the spindle, or a tube upon the spindle, or the spindle
itself, will be driven by the frictional contact of a rotating disc or other arrangement,
this driving friction not being sufficient alone to rotate the bobbin or pirn without the
assistance of the drag of the thread which is being drawn off the pirn or bobbin, and
by this assisted driving the drag upon the thread being wound will be diminished, and
thus a greater speed of winding can be obtained.
Thirdly. My Invention relates to an improved construction of pirns so as to hold
more thread than those of ordinary form, and which will be stronger and less liable
to break and to cause breakage in the thread, and also in their adaptation to and com-
bination with the shuttle or spindle from which the yarn wound upon the pirn is
unwound in the act of weaving or winding..
•
The spindle or peg of the shuttle or of the winding or reeling frame is made with
an oblong collar near its jointed end, and the pirn is formed with a under cut
recess in its axis at the large end of the pirn, so that when it is placed upon the
spindle, peg, or tongue, the oblong collar will enter this recess; when the pirn is
partly rotated; at the same movement two flat sides on the large end of the pirn
will come opposite a recess in the shuttle or part to which the peg is hinged, so that
when this peg or spindle is turned on its joint into the position in the shuttle for
weaving, or into its position for winding or reeling, the pirn will be prevented from
turning upon the hinged peg, tongue, or spindle, and will thus be held securely
while the yarn is unwinding in weaving, winding, or reeling.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of part of a machine for winding yarn or thread on to.

page_text: bobbin's according to one modification of my Invention, and Fig. 2 is a cross sectional
elevation of the same machine, which is double sided.
The mechanisin on each side of the machine is the same, but is shown in different
positions.
a is the framing; a, boxes or troughs for bobbins, forming part of the framing,
and to which the bearings are secured for the sliding traverse rods b, which are
actuated in any ordinary manner. These rods carry an adjustable bracket for
each winding head, and each bracket carries a hook 6, and over this hook the thread
passes which is winding upon the bobbin.
a are longitudinal beams to carry the stands and brackets for the mechanism of
each winding bead.
15.
e are shafts in suitable bearings passing from end to end of the machine.
These shafts are one over the other with their axes in the same vertical plane.
There is a drum c¹ on each shaft, one' over the other, to form each winding
head..
1
..I
::
The shafts care both rotated in the same direction so as to drive the bobbin x
upon which the thread is being wound, the barrel part of which is pressed against.
both drums c! by a pulley or roller d' free to rotate on bearings upon one end of a
double lever or frame d formed by two side arms secured on a short shaft, the
ends of which have bearings in brackets on the beams; the arms forming the other
end of the lever frame are connected by a part forming a weight sufficient to:
press the bobbin against the driving drums c'. Secured to the beam a is a
bracket A³ for each head, which has ledges upon which the heads of the bobbin will
rest when it is in the position in which it is shown on the left hand side of Fig. 2,
namely, that side of the Figure which is on the left of a person face to the
Drawing, and this is to be understood when the right or left of a Figure is referred
to hereinafter.
There is one stand a³ for each head, which comes between and has ledges for the
adjacent druins c¹.
The lever d is shown on the right of Fig. 2
bobbin against the drums c', but on the left the
drums c, and the lever d is held back by a catch d
hooks on a projection on the arm of the lever d.
with the pulley d pressing the
bobbin is shown away from the
jointed to a bracket, which catch:
In Figs. 1 and 2 the swifts 20, upon which the banks of yarn are placed to be i
unwound, are made with short arms on one side (see Fig. 1) to facilitate the placing
on of the hanks, and the axis of each swift is carried and rotates upon a stud in an
arm e jointed at e' to a bracket on the beam a².
Each arme has a horizontal arm which has a pin e³ in one side, so that
when. the arm e is lifted to the position shown on the right of Fig. 2, the pin e3.
will be caught, and the arm e thus held by a catch e jointed to the stand or
bracket as.
When the swift w is held in this position, the end of the thread can be found and
pieced with greater ease to the operator.
The swift is shown in the winding position on the left side of Fig. 2, when
the thread passes from the swift over a pines in the arm to the traverse hook or
guide 2 and on to the bobbin x, as shown in dotted line.
Fig. 3 is a cross sectional elevation of another modification for winding under the
first head of my Invention.
1
a is the framing; a', bobbin trough; a², longitudinal beam.
In this case there are three drum shafts-c,-with their axes all in the same
horizontal plane.
The three drums c act to drive two bobbins (x) on which the thread is to be
wound, one on each side of the machine.
The bobbins x in this case rest between and are pressed upon the drums c¹ by their
own gravity, and when not winding their ends rest and are carried on ledges, as shown
on the right of Fig. 3, the barrel of the bobbin (a) being shown in contact with and
between the drums c¹ on the left of the Figure,
7
'

page_text: The stands ³, having the ledges upon them for the ends of the bobbins to rest
on, are secured to the beam a², and there is one stand between each set of drums c¹,
with ledges on each side of it for the bobbins.
The thread being wound comes from the swift w over a rod es under and over
pulleys or discs 62, having grooves for the thread in their edges, and then to the
bobbin x.
The discs or pulleys 62 are secured upon the side of a bracket which is secured
on a traverse rod b for guiding the thread on the bobbin .x.
There is a double lever of staple form, that is, two levers connected at one end
by a cross bar f¹, and each side of this double lever has a pivot which has its
bearing in the stands a³.
The lower end of one arm of this double lever has a pin that carries two discs f
with an angular recess between them, and the "end of the thread to be pierced is
placed so as to be held between these discs, while the double arm f is in the
position shown on the left side of Fig. 3, the double lever is then moved into the
position shown on the right of Fig. 3, and the "end" is thus taken between the
drums c', and at the same time the bobbin is lifted and rolled on the drum until
its heads are resting on the ledges on the stand in the position shown on the right
of Fig. 3.
Fig. 4 is a cross sectional elevation of a winding machine according to another
modification under the first head of my Invention, where two sets of drums are
used on shafts in the same vertical plane for winding a bobbin on each side.
a, framing; a, bobbin trough; b, traverse rods; 62, traverse hooks; c, shafts ;
c¹, drums.
The bobbins on which the thread is wound in this case, each rotate on a peg or
spindle carried in the slotted ends of arins forming a rocking frame g, having its
fulcrum g on a bracket secured to the beam a².
Each rocking frame g has a horizontal arm .92 from it, to which a rod g³ is
jointed upon, which weights g are suspended to press the bobbin x against the
drums c².
There is a weighted lever catch g jointed on the stand to catch upon a notch in
the boss of the rocking frame g when it is pulled far enough from the drums c¹, as
shown on the right of Fig. 4.
The thread passes from the swift w over a pin e* in a bracket on the beat ²,
over a rod e³, then over the traverse hook 62 to the bobbin x, as shown in dotted
line.
Fig. 5 is a front elevation of part of a machine, and Fig. 6 a cross sectional
elevation of the same machine illustrating other modifications under the first head
of my Invention.
The modification shown is a double sided winding machine with the drums c¹
and bobbins x arranged and weighted as described in reference to Fig. 4, except
that the details are a little different.
The rocking frame g which carries the bobbin z is formed by. two side levers
secured on a short shaft g', the ends of which have bearings in brackets secured on
the beam a².
Each bracket carries the adjacent ends of two rocking frames g. To one arm of
each rocking frame g a pawl or catch 5 is jointed, having a flat spring secured to
it which keeps the pawl in position by pressing upon a part from the rocking
frame g, forming a handle by which it can be moved.
The end of this spring pawl g5 rests upon ratchet teeth formed upon the bracket
which carries the ends of the axis g of the rocking frame g, so that when the
Landle is depressed to bring the frame ginto the position shown on the left of
Fig. 6, the spring pawl 5 will enter one of the teeth, and retain the rocking
frame g in that position.
When the frame g is to be released, the spring catch g' is depressed to lift its end
from the ratchet teeth.
The weight rod g³ is screwed at its upper end' to screw through a swivel jointed

page_text: 'n the arm of the rocking frame g, and thus the length of the rod 3 can be
adjusted, its lower end passing through a hole in a lever centred on. the arm e,
'carrying the axis of the swift av.
The swift has two pivots, and one pivot is carried by a bearing in one arm con
one side (each arm acts for two swifts), and the other pivot by a bearing in an
arm e jointed at e' to the side of the arin e, there being a flat 'spring e8 secured to
the fixed arm e, and acting upon the jointed arm e to keep the side of the bearing
part of the jointed arm clear of the end of the boss of the swift w, except when
pressed by the lever h, as explained below.
On one side of the jointed arm és a crown ratchet is formed, the teeth of which
correspond with similar teeth on the boss part of the weight lever h
: This weight lever (h) has a pivot on each side of its boss, and one pivots fits a
bearing in the end of the fixed arme for the swift, and the other pivot enters a
bearing in the jointed arm e for the swift.
When the weight lever is allowed to descend the ratchet teeth or inclines force
the jointed arm e more or less against the end of the boss of the swift w, and thus
put more or less friction upon it to resist rotation, and thus give the required drag
on the thread being wound.
It will now be seen that when the rocking frame is in the position shown on
the left of Fig. 6, a hook or eye or collar on the rod' comes against the weight
lever hand lifts it, and thus takes off the friction and leaves the swift w free, but
when the rocking frame g is in the position shown on the right of Fig. 6, the
weight lever is allowed to act to put friction on the swift.
Fig. 7 is a cross sectional elevation of another modification of double sided
winding machine in which the drums c¹ and bobbins are arranged similar to
those shown in Fig. 6, except that the spindle for the bobbin x is jointed on a
swivel bearing on one arm of the rocking frame g, so that the spindle can be turned
into the position shown on the left hand side of Fig. 7 to take off or place on a
bobbin and then turned so that the free end of the spindle will come in a slot in
the other arm of the rocking frame g when the bobbin will be in the position
shown on the right side of Fig. 7. The rocking frame g in this modification is
weighted to press the bobbin against the drums c₁ by a weight gx cast between the
arms, and the rocking frame is held away from the drums c by a weight catch y³
jointed on a bracket or stand which hooks upon a notch in the boss of the rocking
frame or lever g, see left side of Fig. 7.
In Fig. 7 two arrangements of the swifts w are shown for assisting the rotation
of the swifts applicable for winding fine yarns at a greater speed than with the
ordinary arrangement of swifts.
The swifts are carried in bearings on the ends of arms e secured to a longitudinal
,beam a, which arms may also carry one pulley i free on a stud as on the right or
two pulleys i, as on the left of Fig. 7.
There is a pulley on the boss of each swift w that rests between the pulleys i
as shown on the left, or upon the pulley i as on the right of the Figure.
The pulleys on the studs have grooves in them for endless bands to work upon,
as shown by dotted line, which endless bands are driven from a tin drum passing
from end to end of the frame.
This drum is driven by a belt from gearing in connection with the drums c¹
for the bobbins x, as indicated by dotted line.
The axis at one side of the swift w is over a fork on the end of a slide rod j
having hearings on the arm e, as shown on the left of the Figure, but on the right
the fork is on the end of a lever ja jointed to the arm e at j².
There is a treadle lever j³ shown on each side, that on the left acts on the end
of the slide j, that on the right is jointed to a rod, the upper end of which is
guided through a hole in the arm e and acts under the lever j'.
When these treadles are acted upon the swifts wo are lifted clear, of the driving
pulleys i.
The arm of the rocking frame g. is in some cases connected by a rod or wire

page_text: with the lever j¹ for lifting the swift, and thus the frictional driving of the swift
is put in and out of gear automatically.
Fig. 8 is a partial sectional elevation, and Fig. 9 a front view illustrating a
modification of a winding frame where the winding is stopped when a thread
breaks or is absent.
The drums c and rocking frames g for the bobbins are arranged similar to
those shown in Figs. 4 and 6, there being a pawl or catch g³ jointed to the frame
gas in Fig. 6 to catch upon ratchet teeth upon the bearing bracket for the rocking
frame g when it is lifted away from the drums c¹.
bis the traverse rod and be the thread guide.
There is a lever balanced on a fulcrum on a bracket secured to the beam a²,
and this lever carries a bent wire, the upper part of which is parallel to the
traverse rod b.
This part of the wire ¹ rests against the thread' passing to the bobbin , the
tension of which is sufficient to keep the pawl end of the lever from descending
upon the ratchet on a shaft 3 passing from end to end of the frame.
secured on
This ratchet 2 is loose on the shaft 3, and is kept against a collar
the shaft k3 by a cain 5 loose on the shaft end ways, but sliding on a fixed key so
as to rotate with the shaft, the cam being forced against the ratchet by a
helical spring on the shaft which abuts against the next collar k*.
The ends of the boss of the cam and ratchet 2 which come in contact have
ratchet inclines formed uper one to fit those upon the other, and thus if the
rotation of the ratchet k is arrested these inclines or ratchets will push the cam s
endways on the shaft k³, and in so doing will bring the cam under the tail of a
lever forming part of a bent arm which has its fulcrum on a bracket secured to
the beam a².
The end of the bent arm & comes between the two drums c¹ driving the bobbin >,
9 is
and thus when the cain acts the bobbin and thus the rocking frame
pushed away from the drums c¹, and the pawl or catch g5 takes hold of the ratchet
teeth on the bearings and retains the rocking frame g in that position.
The bent arm may be dispensed with by making the can to give sufficient
lift and arranging it to act directly under or upon a pin projecting from the side
of the arm from the rocking frame g.
Fig. 10 is a cross sectional elevation of a double sided reel according to my
Invention.
a is the framing; a², longitudinal beams; a¹, bobbin trough, to which hinged
ribs are secured, in which guide curl wires are inserted; b traverse rails which
carry the guide wires, brushes, and slit plates, through which the threads pass;
x, the rails.
Each peg or spindle for the pirns or bobbins is secured in a boss which has
two or more flat sides. This boss has a hole for a shaft 23 to pass through which
rotates in suitable bearings and extends from end to end.
On the side of the flat sided boss there is a cylindrical boss concentric with
the shaft, and thus last named boss has bearings in a bracket secured on the
beam a².
There is a flat spring for each boss secured to the beam (2) on the bracket,
the free end of the spring pressing upon one of the flat sides of the boss so as
to hold the peg or spindle either in the position shown on the right or left of
Fig. 10.
There is a disc i secured on the shaft for each peg or spindle, which disc will.
rotate or assist to rotate the pirn won the peg or spindle when the latter is turned
and held in the position shown on the right of Fig. 10. But when the spindle or
peg is in the position shown on the left of Fig. 10 the thread will be drawn off the
end of the pirn (copwise).
There is or may be a projection on the boss for the peg or spindle, and a cavity
on the bearing which is opposite the projection when the spindle or peg is in the
position shown on the left, but when turned to the position on the right of

page_text: Fig. 10 the projection moves out of the cavity or cam slot and forces the boss in
its bearing endways, so that the head of the bobbin w comes against the side of
the rotating disc i.
The projection may act against a spring which will push the boss towards the
disc i, so that, the head of the pirn w will be forced against it to just give the
required driving friction.
The shafts are driven by endless bands from the axis of the reels, as shown
in dotted line, so that each shaft will rotate when the reel does, and stop at the
same time.
On the left side of Fig. 10 a rod' m is shown with a fork or brake surface m¹
applied to act upon a brake pulley on the axis of the reel x.
This rod m can slide up and down in suitable bearings, and
of a treadle lever m², the tread board of which extends from
machine, by depressing which the brake m is applied to stop the
reel when a thread breaks or when it is to be stopped.
rests upon the end
end to end of the
momentum of the
I wish it to be understood that I do not claim the arrangeinent of brake shown
on the left of Fig. 1, as I invented and published it before the date of my present
said Letters Patent.
On the right hand side of Fig. 10 a lever brake m³ is shown by dotted line,
having its fulerum m³ on a stud secured in a part of the framing.
The end of this lever brake m³ is weighted to put on the brake, and there is a
rod m jointed to it, the end of which comes into a cavity in a treadle lever m²
used to take off the brake m³ when the reel is to be turned to find a broken end.
1
This brake lever m³ is connected with the rod or slide m for the belt guide,
which has an incline, so that when the starting rod is moved to put the driving
belt on the "fast pulley," the incline will lift the lever brake m³ away from the
brake pulley, but when the starting rod is moved in the opposite direction, the
incline allows the brake lever m³ to go upon the pulley and stop the reel.
A lever or other equivalent arrangement may be used in place of the incline.
The threads being reeled pass from the bobbin w through the wire curls, and
through the slit plate over a roller (if desired) to the reel x, as shown in dotted
line.
The rollers n are or may be covered with flannel, and they each 'rest in a trough n¹
extending the length of the machine supplied with water to damp the yarn as it
passes when required.
The rollers are also used to wind upon them one or more turns of thread when
the reel is to be doffed, and this is done by a handle at the end of the frame, see
Fig. 11, in which na is the handle with a short length of shaft ns in a bearing, in
which it is kept from moving edgeways by a pin or set screw which comes into a
groove in the short shaft, the end of which is halved, and the end of the roller n
is also halved to correspond, as shown, so that when the handle na is turned the
roller will also be turned, and when thus arranged the roller can be readily lifted
away from the short shaft n³.
One of these rollers n forins one of the rails of the reel, and one set of the
arms of the reel are constructed to receive one of these rollers to act as a rail, as
shown.
2
The roller is or may be made with one part of its surface flat from end to end,
into which hooks like tenter hooks are driven or secured, the lengthway of the
book on the flat surface being in the line and parallel with the axis of the roller,
leaving a small space for the thread to get between the hook and the flat surface of
the roller when it is moved endways, there being one hook for each thread.
Thus when the roller is moved endways each thread that comes through the slit
in the plate will pass over the flat surface of the roller, but under the hook then to
the reel.
When the roller is turned the first movement will break the threads between
the reel (which is held from rotating), but the 'threads from the 'bobbins will wind
"upon it.

page_text: After the banks are removed from the reel a, the movable stave (n) of the reel
is taken out and placed temporarily on supports in front of the roller n, which is
then taken with the threads upon it and placed in the arms of the reel and the
reeling begins.
The stave or roller taken out of the reel may then be placed in the position for
winding on threads or for damping the threads, or this may be done just before
doffing the next set of banks.
Instead of the roller n being placed under the threads as they pass from the slit
plate to the reel x, it may be placed over them when the threads are to be wound
upon it, and the spare rollers may be placed in bearers above the bobbin trough, as
shown at nx.
·
Instead of arranging the reel so that the roller n will form one of the staves,
the reel may be made in the ordinary manner, but with the recesses on two
opposite arms which come together to receive and carry the roller. » with threads
attached.
Fig. 12 illustrates the mode of carrying out this arrangement by an end sectional
view of the arins and staves of a reel in the collapsed position, as when the banks
are to be taken off. are the recesses in the arms which approach each other
when the staves are fixed in their reeling position; and n, the roller which is then
grasped by the said recesses coming together.
For damping purposes I sometimes use a trough nt, Fig. 13, extending from end
to end and fed with water, and in a slit passing along this trough insert a strip of
flannel no or other suitable fibrous material, the threads passing from the bobbins
or cops to the reel over this wet flannel.
Fig. 14 is a cross sectional elevation of a windling frame for winding from small
pirns or bobbins on to large warping bobbins, which are rotated on vertical spindles
in the ordinary manner.
a, framing; a, spindle rails; a, bobbin troughs; b, traverse.rails with thread
guides attached; x¹, spindles for the bobbins & upon which the threads are being
wound; x, tin drum for driving the spindles x².
On the right of Fig. 14 the pirns are arranged on pegs which can be placed
into two positions, similar to the arrangement shown in Fig. 10.
Fig. 15 is a plan view showing part of the shaft, some of the discs (2) for
assisting. the rotation in unwinding the thread, two of the brackets for the
bosses carrying the pegs for the pirns, and one of these bosses which in this case
is upon the boss of the bracket and not within it; 7, spring to act on the boss.
'
In this modification the boss for the peg is slided slightly, so as to move to and
froin the disc i when the peg for the bobbin is oscillated from one position to the
other, by the point of a set screw or pin in the peg boss 1, which enters a cam slot (3
formed in the boss of the bracket 12, and the flat spring i acting when the peg is
turned in one position upon one corner of the boss tends to rotate it to such
extent as to give an elastic side pressure to the boss (through the pin and cam
slot), and thus the head of the bobbin on the peg towards and against the disc i.
When the peg boss and bobbin is in the position shown in full line on the right
side of Fig. 14, the thread is winding off, the end of the pirn passes through a wire
curl over a pad or bar covered with cloth under a hook, over a roller of cloth
washers, through the guide on the traverse rail to the bobbin and in this
position the pirn is not rotated by the disc i.
وان
But when the peg and bobbin wis placed in the position shown in dotted line,
the thread passes direct from the bobbin, as shown in peculiar dotted line, and the
head of the bobbin or a disc upon the thread upon which the bobbin rests is then
driven more or less by the friction of the disc i, which assists the rotating motion
for unwinding the thread.
On the left side of Fig. 14 the pirn w which is to have the thread unwound from
it is placed, and is free to rotate on a vertical spindle , which is free to rotate in
bearings in the rails a'.
Each spindle has a dise upon it; the face of which near

page_text: its edge rests upon the edge of a disc i (there being one for each spindle) on a
shaft passing from end to end in suitable bearings.
The shafts on both right and left are
of the tin drum shaft a³.
For each spindle
driven by belts from pulleys on the end
there is a weighted lever, the fulcrum of which is on a pin
in one of the rails at, which pin swivel horizontally.
When this lever is depressed by the handle and swivelled under the end of the
spindle, the weight end of the lever when released will lift the spindle it,
and thus the disc carried by it away from the driving disc i.
In place of a swivel weight lever a lever handle may be used to turn on a
vertical axis secured to the rail at, and this lever has an incline formed upon it
which will come under the end of the spindle, and force it upwards when turned to
one side until it rests on a flat part of the lever.
When the thread is winding off the pirn with assisted friction, the thread passes
from the hobbin or pirn w over the rod a, as shown in dotted line, but when
winding off copwise, the thread goes direct from the pirn to the guide curl on the
traverse rail.
If desired the spindle may be driven to give to or take out twist from the
thread when unwinding from the end of the pirn.
Fig. 16 is a partial plan, and Fig. 17, a partial front elevation illustrating the
application of my Invention for unwinding or assisting the unwinding of threads,
which are being unwound from pirns or bobbins, or swifts, and wound on to other
bobbins or swifts to the winding of threads for warps which are unwound from
bobbins, and wound on to mills or swifts, or on to beams or sections of beams.
The creels for holding the bobbins from which the threads are to be unwound
are formed by a series of drums c² or pulleys on shafts c.
I prefer three drums or pulleys on three shafts with their axes in the same plane
to form a set of drums to unwind the threads. from two bobbins, as shown in
Fig. 16 and I prefer to arrange these sets of three shafts and drums one above the
other, with space enough between to allow the bobbins w to be placed and removed
from the drums or pulleys c¹, as shown in Fig. 17.
The sets of drums forming one creel prefer to place at an angle to those
forming the other creel, as shown in Fig. 16, so that ready access may be obtained
without the creels spreading too much.
The three shafts of each plane of drums are geared together by intermediate spur
wheel carries, and one shaft of each set of three has a bevel wheel c² that gears
with a bevel c3 on an upright shaft c4, which is geared by bevel wheels with a
shaft in gear with the mill, swift, beain, or, section of beam on to which the
threads are to be wound, and thus the drums c¹ are driven at the same surface
speed as the mill, swift, or beams, or sections of beams.
The bobbins w from which the threads are being unwound rest by their own
weight upon and between adjacent druins, as shown, and the threads pass from
them to a vertical rod p, and then to the mill, swift, or beam, as illustrated by
dotted line in Fig. 16.
There are plates or bars p' arranged between the drums c¹ which help to keep
the bobbins we in their places when they are full of thread, but when some is drawn
off the ends of the drums come between the heads of the bobbins and keep them
in their correct position.
.1
If desired, and to give more weight to the bobbins they may be made with a
solid metal barrel, and with metal ends screwed on, as shown in longitudinal
section by Fig. 18.
Fig. 19 is a longitudinal section; Fig. 20, an end view looking at the small end,
and Fig. 21, an end view looking at the large end of a bobbin suitable for ring
spinning.
Figs. 22, 23, and 24 are views corresponding respectively to Figs. 19, 20, and 21,
of a bobbin or pirn suitable for weaving, but may be also used for spinning.

page_text: It will be seen that at the large end of each bobbin there is a cavity 7 larger
than the bore, and that Figs. 21 and 24 show the bore between the cavity and
larger end enlarged to an oval form, and also that the large ends of the bobbins
have two flat sides q¹ formed on them.
Ordinary pirn bobbins are made with a cross slit, so that they may be driven by
pins in or a projection on the disc on the spindle when the thread is spun upon or
is wound upon them.
But in my improved construction of bobbins I drive the bobbin by an oval
projection on the disc or spindle, which fits and enters the oval enlargement of the
bore at the large end of the bobbin, or by the flat sides q¹ entering a recess in the
disc on the spindle, or by both the oval and flat sides combined.
The pegs for these bobbins, suitable for unwinding the thread, are represented by
a side view, Fig. 25, and end view, Fig. 26.
The bobbin is placed on the peg q when it has to be swivelled out of the
winding position, and then is turned a quarter of a turn, and then swivelled into
the winding position when the flat sides on the head of the bobbin come in the
groove for it, formed in the part to which the peg is hinged, the joint of the peg
being at q³.
Fig. 27 is a side view, and Fig. 28, an end view of a shuttle peg suitable for the
bobbins, and in Fig. 29 (the plan view of a shuttle) another forin of solid peg is
shown hinged to the shuttle. The form of the blade of the peg may be various;
but there must be the oval enlarged part q, and a recess formed in the shuttle to
receive the flat sides yl at the large end of the bobbin.
When the peg of the shuttle is turned out the bobbin or pirn is placed upon it
and turned on its axis a quarter turn, which locks the internal shoulders of the
enlarged cavity upon the oval enlargement of the peg, and when the peg is
turned on its hinge into the shuttle in the position for weaving the flat sides q¹ of
the head of the bobbin come between the flat faces or recess q* formed within the
shuttle, and the bobbin is locked and prevented from turning on its axis while the
peg is in that position.
The bobbin is removed from the peg by, reversing the movements described.
I am aware that an internal cavity in the base of the bobbin or pirn as a means
of retaining the bobbin on the peg or spindle of the shuttle is not new, as I invented
and used such at the early part of 1878, I therefore make no claim to such internal
cavity in the base of pirns or bobbins, or to any projection on the peg or spindle
separately.
I have now particularly described the nature of my said Invention, and the
modes of carrying the same into effect, and claim as my Invention,―
Firstly. The combination and arrangement of machinery for winding where each
bobbin is rotated by two drums, with the axis of both drums either in a horizontal
or vertical plane, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the
Drawings.
Secondly. The combinations and arrangements of double drum winding machinery
arranged to rotate the bobbin without peg or spindle, substantially as herein before
described and illustrated by Figs. 1, 2, and 3 of the Drawings.
Thirdly. The combinations and arrangements of double drum winding machinery
where the bobbins (x) rotate on pegs or spindles, substantially as herein before
described and illustrated by Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 of the Drawings.
Fourthly. The combinations and arrangements by which two bobbins (x) are
rotated by three drums and by two drums (c¹), substantially as herein before
described and illustrated by Figs. 3 and 4 of the Drawings.
"
Fifthly. The arrangement of "swifts on jointed arms with guiding peg (5) and
latching mechanism in the manner and for the purpose herein before described and
illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2 of the Drawings.
Sixthly. The arrangement for and mode of putting drag on and taking drag-off
the swifts combined with the lever for carrying the bobbin (z), substantially as
herein before described and illustrated by Figs. 5 and 6 of the Drawings.

page_text: Seventhly. The system or mode of assisting the rotation of the swifts in
unwinding thread therefrom by friction, and the putting of this frictional driving
in or out of action by a treadle, or automatically by connection with the arm of the
lever frame (g) carrying the bobbin (x), substantially as herein before described and
and illustrated by Fig. 7 of the Drawings.
Eighthly. The arrangement and combination for stopping the winding when a
thread breaks or is absent, substantially as herein before described and illustrated
by Figs. 8 and 9.
Ninthly. The several combinations and arrangements of mechanism for winding,
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figs. 1 to 9 inclusive of
the Drawings.
Tenthly. The combinations and arrangements of pirns or bobbins so as to be
readily placed in two positions for reeling or winding off the yarn or thread, and
the system or mode of driving such bobbins or pirns to unwind the thread from
them, substantially as herein before described and illustrated by Figs. 10, 14, and 15
of the Drawings.
Eleventhly. The combinations and arrangements of mechanisms for reeling or for
winding, substantially as herein before described and illustrated by Figs. 10 to 15.
inclusive of the*Drawings.
Twelthly. The system or mode and combination and arrangement of mechanism
for unwinding yarn or threads from bobbins which are wound on warping mills,
swifts, beams, or sections of beams, substantially as herein before 'described and
illustrated by Figs. 16 to 18 inclusive of the Drawings.
Thirteenthly. The construction of bobbins or pirns with an internal cavity and
oblong enlarged bore combined with flat sides, substantially in the manner and for
the purposes hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figs. 19 to 24 inclusive of
the Drawings, and I also claim the bobbins or pirns with the oblong enlarged bore
or with the flat sides q¹, or both combined, for driving the bobbin or pirn when
spinning or winding.
Fourteenthly. The construction of pegs combined with parts to which they are
hinged, having recesses, and of shuttles with pegs combined with recesses in the
shuttles, substantially in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore described
and illustrated by Figs. 25 to 29 inclusive of the Drawings.
Fifteenthly. The combination of shuttles having pegs and recesses with bobbins
or pirns, substantially in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore described
and illustrated by Figs. 22, 23, 24, 27, 28, and 29 of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Bernhardt, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirty first day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.