ROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLORING MATTERS FOR DYEING AND PRINTING FABRICS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Smith, of No. 114, West Street, in the City
of Glasgow, in Scotland, Manufacturing Chemist, for the Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLORING MATTERS FOR DYEING
AND PRINTING FABRICS."
Sealed the 11th January 1861, and dated the 11th August 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th August
1860.
I, RICHARD SMITH, of No. 114, West Street, in the City of Glasgow, in
Scotland, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLORING MATTERS
FOR DYEING AND PRINTING FABRICS," to be as follows:-
To produce a purple, or mauve color, I mix a solution of sulphate or muriate
of aniline, toluidine, xylidine, or cumidine, or a mixture of any or all of them
more or less diluted (but I prefer a solution of one part of these salts to ten
parts of water) with a solution of red prussiate of potash, more or less diluted
(but I prefer a solution of one part of this salt to ten parts of water) in equi-
valent proportions, boil for half an hour, allow it to stand twenty-four hours to
collect the coloring matter produced, which is in the form of a precipitate, and
must be dried at 212° Fahrenheit, purified by washing with mineral naphtha.

page_text: till all the brown matter is removed, dried again, and the coloring matter
extracted with methylated spirits of wine, and it may be then used for dyeing
or printing, in the same way as that obtained from aniline by means of chro-
mate of potash. To produce a red color, I heat the peroxyde of iron, tin, or
mercury, or one of the higher oxydes of antimony, (preferring that which is
produced by oxydizing antimony with strong and hot nitric acid, and which is
also called antimonious acid,) with muriate of aniline, toluidine, xylidine, or
cumidine, or a mixture of any or all of them in a dry state; or I heat sulphate
of aniline, toluidine, xylidine, or cumidine, or a mixture of any or all of them
in a dry state with oxyde of copper or peroxyde of iron. The heating of these
substances must be carefully conducted, during which the mixture should be
stirred from time to time until the maximum of coloring matter is produced
which may be ascertained by dropping a particle of the mixture into spirits of
wine, and when the greatest depth of color is imparted to it, the operation is
finished.
I also produce a red color by boiling aniline, toluidine, xylindine, or cumi-
dine, or a mixture of any or all of them in their uncombined state with dry
chloride of antimony, (corresponding to the before-named oxyde of antimony,)
and which boiling must be continued until a clear and bright shade of red is
produced.
These red colors may be extracted by boiling with water or methylated
spirits of wine, and the so obtained solutions may be used for dyeing or print-
ing. To obtain the coloring matter in a dry state, I dissolve in the aqueous
solution chloride of calcium, whereby the largest part of the coloring matter
precipitates, or I evaporate the spirituous solution to dryness.
SPECIFICATION, in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed ..
by the said Richard Smith in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 2nd
February 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
SMITH, of 114, West Street, in the City of Glasgow, in Scotland, Manu- 3
facturing Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by. Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of August, in the year of our. Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, s

page_text: the said Richard Smith, Her special licence that I, the said Richard Smith,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Richard Smith, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for ." IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLOURING MATTERS FOR DYEING AND
PRINTING FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Richard Smith, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Smith, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say:-
:
To produce a purple colour, I mix a solution of sulphate or muriate of
anilinė, toluidine, xylidine, and cumidine, or of any or either of them, in 10
parts by weight of water with a solution in equivalent proportions of red prus-
siate of potash in 10 parts by weight of water; boil the mixture half an hour,
during which time prussic acid vapours are evolved, after which I allow it to
stand for 24, or better 48 hours, when a precipitate has formed consisting of
a purple colour, a brown matter, and Prussian blue, whilst the liquor contains
yellow prussiate of potash. The precipitate is collected on a filter, washed with
water, dried at 212° Fahrenheit, the brown matter extracted by mineral
naphtha, again dried, and the colouring matter extracted with methylated
spirit, which may be evaporated to obtain the colouring matter in a solid
state.
The colour is to be used in the same manner as those obtained from aniline
by means of chromates, manganates; &c.
- To produce a red colour, I heat a mixture of muriate of aniline, toluidine,
xylidine, and cumidine, or any or either of them with the higher oxides of
antimony, or with peroxide of tin, iron, or mercury, or a mixture of sulphate
of aniline, toluidine, xylidine, and cumidine, or of any or either with peroxide
of iron or copper, or, I boil free aniline, toluidine, xylidine, and cumidine, or

page_text: any or either with chloride of antimony, corresponding to the above oxides of
antimony; all these substances are to be taken in their dry states. I will give
a few instances how to proceed..
.I..I take three parts of dry muriate of aniline, toluidine, xylidine, and cumi-
dine, or any or either, heat it in a copper vessel until it is in a liquid state,
then add one and a half parts of antimonious'acid (prepared by oxidizing anti-
mony with strong nitric acid and roasting the oxides at a low red heat, when
the result is generally a mixture of antimonious and antimonic acids). This
mixture of muriate of aniline, toluidine, xylidine, or cumidine, and antimonious
acid, I heat to about 350° Fahrenheit, until all action ceases; the product
obtained I boil with water, filter, and add to the clear solution a small quantity of
chalk to saturate the acid, after which most of the colouring matter separates,
and the remainder may be separated by adding common salt to the solution,
sufficient to effect the separation; the colouring matter so obtained I boil again
in water, until the colour is extracted, and filter and separate the colouring
matter again with common salt as before, after which it is collected on a filter,
and either dried or a concentrated solution made of it, either in methylated
spirit, or in acetic acid, or in a solution of tartaric acid. For dyeing a quantity
of the concentrated solution, or some of the solid colouring matter, is to be
thrown in boiling water, and the silk, wool, or albuminized cotton immersed
therein. For printing, the concentrated solution is thickened with.albumen
instead of antimonious acid; I find teroxide of bismuth may be used with a
similar result.
II. I take three parts of muriate of aniline, toluidine, xylidine, and cumi-
dine, or any or either of them, and heat it until it is in a liquid state, then add
one part of peroxide of tin and so much sand as is -sufficient to convert the.
whole into a powdery mass, which I expose to a heat of about 350° Fahrenheit,
until the whole is converted into a bronze-like looking powder, which I treat
to extract the colour in a similar manner to that described in the last operation
'subsequent to the heating process.
The pure colour obtained in the two last-mentioned processes has a bluer tint
than what is called "Magenta red," which latter I obtain as follows:-I boil
free aniline, toluidine, xylidine, and cumidine, or any or either with dry chloride
of antimony, corresponding to the above-named oxides of antimony, in the pro-
portion of about three parts of the chloride to four parts of the bases, till the
mixture has assumed a bright red colour by cooling, it hardens to a resinous
bronze-like looking mass, which must be boiled in water, filtered, and the
colouring matter separated by adding common salt to the solution and then
filtering.

page_text: I do not claim the exact proportions, times, or temperatures mentioned,
though I have given the best known to me; but I claim to produce from
aniline, toluidine, xylidine, and cumidine, or any or either of them, purple
and red colours for dyeing and printing, by the means substantially above
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Smith, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Second day of February, in the year of our Lord
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
aniline, toluidine, xylidine, and cumidine, or any or either of them, purple
and red colours for dyeing and printing, by the means substantially above
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Smith, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Second day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
RICHARD SMITH. (L.S.)