Improvements in Electric Heating Apparatus.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application (in United Kingdom), 30th June, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 30th June, 1890-Accepted, 6th Sept., 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electric Heating Apparatus.
I. MARK WESLEY DEWEY, of 150 North Salina Street in the City of Syracuse,
in the County of Onondaga, in the State of New York, United States of America,
Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ELECTRIC HEATING APPARATUS," and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to electric-heating apparatus adapted for current or currents
of large volume and for use in my systems of electric heating shown and described in
United States Patents, Nos. 401,482 and 406,890, dated respectively, April 16th, 1889,
and July 16th, 1889.
The object of my invention is to provide a simple and efficient heater that will
expose a large radiating-surface and occupy a very small space, so that it may be
placed in waste room, as under the seats in cars and other vehicles.
My invention consists, essentially, in the combination, with suitable supply-con-
ductors, of a resistance or radiating device composed of thin flat sheets of metal,
preferably iron, connected together in series; and it consists further, in arranging the
sheets parallel, side by side, and with air-spaces between them, and also arranging
the heating device so that one end will have free movement longitudinally within the
frame or case to allow for expansion and contraction due to heating by the passage
therethrough of the electric currents and cooling upon the cessation of the currents.
The said movement is utilized, as hereinafter referred to, to operate a suitable circuit
maker and breaker to prevent undue heating of the device.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 shows the plan view of the heater with the top plate of casing removed.
Fig. 2 is a side elevation with the side plate of casing removed.
Fig. 3 shows a perforated flat sheet of metal for a heater.
Fig. 4 is an end elevation of a heater provided with a manual circuit maker and
breaker; and
Fig. 5 is a plan view similar to Fig. 1, but with the middle portion broken away,
showing an adjustable automatic circuit maker and breaker.
Referring specifically to the drawings, A. in the figures represents the frame or
casing of the heater, which is constructed of either wood or metal and perforated on
all sides, except the ends, to allow circulation of the air therethrough. Within the
casing A and extending longitudinally therein, are thin sheets of iron B preferably
ordinary sheet-iron, arranged parallel side by side, with air-spaces between them, and
connected together in series by metal posts C to which the sheets are riveted, soldered,
or otherwise fastened. The sheets B are held an equal distance apart by said posts at
each end of the device, and the posts are stayed and supported by non-conducting
pieces D and D' of terra-cotta or other suitable non-conducting material, to which
pieces the said posts are secured. The non-conducting piece D' is fastened to its end
of the case A; but the other non-conducting piece D is left free to move toward and
from its end of the case, or in a direction of the length of the sheets B to allow for
the expansion and contraction of the sheets when-heated and cooled'; otherwise if the

page_text: and short-circuit the current.
Bognerney would Dow and bend, touch each ot
The dotted line x, indicates the point to which the piece D will move when the
sheets expand.
The posts C¹ connected with the terminal sheets B are connected to the binding-
posts a and a¹ of the heater, and the supply-conductors 6 and 6¹ are connected to said
binding-posts.
The sheets B may be perforated in some cases to increase the resistance of the heater,
as shown in Fig. 3.
On the end elevation (shown in Fig. 4) is a manual switch or circuit maker and
breaker E. The same is shown in its open position between the points c and c¹, and
with a spring-catch d holding the same in this position, so that it will not be closed by
the jolting of the car. The fulcrum of the switch-lever E is connected to one of the
terminal posts C¹.
The automatic circuit maker and breaker (represented in Fig. 5) is composed of a
metallic hook e on the movable end of the device and connected to one of the posts C¹
and a spring-plate e fixed at one end to the end and interior of the case A and con-
nected to one of the binding-posts a. The free end of the plate e¹ bears upon the
inside of the hook e when the sheets B are not very hot; but when the temperature
of the sheets has been raised sufficiently by the passage of the current therethrough
the said sheets expand in length until the hook is separated from the plate, and the
circuit through the heater is thereby broken and the current interrupted. The heater
is then allowed to cool and contract until the circuit is again completed between
the hook and spring-plate el permitting again the passage therethrough of the current.
An adjusting-screw f regulates and determines the extent to which the temperature
of the heater is to be raised by varying the pressure of the spring-plate upon the
hook.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In an electric heater, the combination, with the supply-conductors, of a
radiating-device connected thereto, consisting of a perforated flat sheet of metal,
substantially as described.
2. In an electric heater, the combination, with the supply-conductors, of a
radiating device connected thereto, consisting of a plurality of perforated flat sheets
of metal, connected together in series, substantially as described.
3. In an electric heater, the combination, with the supply-conductors, of a
radiating device connected thereto, consisting of a plurality of perforated flat sheets
of metal, substantially as described.
4. In an electric heater, the combination, with the supply-conductors, of a
radiating device connected thereto, consisting of a plurality of perforated parallel flat
sheets of metal arranged side by side and connected together in series, substantially
as described.
5. In an electric heater, the combination, with the supply-conductors, of a
radiating device connected thereto, consisting of a plurality of parallel flat sheets of
metal arranged side by side, with air-spaces between, and connected together in series
by posts of metal, substantially as described.
6. In an electric heater, the combination, with the supply-conductors, of a
radiating device connected thereto, consisting of a plurality of parallel flat sheets of
metal arranged side by side, with air-spaces between and connected together in series
by posts of metal and non-conducting pieces to stay and support the posts, substantially
as described.
7. In an electric heater, the combination, with the supply-conductors, of a
radiating device connected thereto, consisting of a plurality of parallel flat sheets of
metal arranged side by side, with air-spaces between, and connected together in series

page_text: by posts of metal, non-conducting pieces to stay and support the posts, and a suitable
frame or case inclosing the device, substantially as described.
8. In an electric heater, the combination, with the supply-conductors, of a
radiating device connected thereto, consisting of a plurality of parallel flat sheets of
metal arranged side by side, with air-spaces between, and connected together in series
by posts of metal, non-conducting pieces to stay and support the posts, a suitable
frame or case inclosing the device, and one end of the radiating device arranged to
have free movement longitudinally within the case to allow for expansion and con-
traction due to heating by the passage therethrough of the electric current and cooling
upon the cessation of the current, substantially as set forth.
9. In an electric heater, the combination, with the supply-conductors, of a
radiating device connected thereto, consisting of a plurality of parallel flat sheets of
metal arranged side by side, with air spaces between, and connected together in series
by posts of metal, non-conducting pieces to stay and support the posts, a suitable
frame or case inclosing the device, one end of the radiating device arranged to have
free movement longitudinally within the case to allow for expansion and contraction
due to heating by the passage therethrough of the electric current and cooling
upon the cessation of the current, and a circuit maker and breaker adapted to be
operated by said movement.
10. In an electric heater, the combination, with the supply-conductors, of a
radiating device connected thereto, consisting of a plurality of parallel flat sheets of
metal arranged side by side, with air-spaces between, and connected together in series
by posts of metal, non-conducting pieces to stay and support the posts, a suitable
frame or case inclosing the device, one end of the radiating device arranged to have
free movement longitudinally within the case to allow for expansion and contraction
due to heating by the passage therethrough of the electric current and cooling upon
the cessation of the current, and an adjustable circuit maker and breaker adapted to
be operated by said movement.
11. In an electric heater, the combination, with the supply-conductors, of a
radiating device connected thereto, consisting of a plurality of parallel flat sheets of
metal arranged side by side, with air-spaces between, a suitable frame or case inclosing
the device, and one end of the radiating device arranged to have free movement
longitudinally within the case to allow for expansion and contraction due to heating
by the passage therethrough of the electric current and cooling upon the cessation
of the current, substantially as set forth.
12. In an electric heater, the combination, with the supply-conductors, of a
radiating device connected thereto, consisting of a plurality of parallel flat sheets of
metal arranged side by side, with air-spaces between, a suitable frame or case inclosing
the device, one end of the radiating device arranged to have free movement
longitudinally within the case to allow for expansion and contraction due to heating
by the passage therethrough of the electric current and cooling upon the cessation of
the current, and a circuit maker and breaker adapted to be operated by said
movement.
CORD FO
MARK WESLEY DEWEY.
Haseltine, Lake & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.