Improvements in Type-printing Telegraph Apparatus.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Jan., 1899
Complete Cannifination Inft Dfth Sant 1800 Accepted 11th Nov
1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Type-printing Telegraph Apparatus.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of Birkbeck Bank Chambers, Southampton Buildings,
in the County of London, Consulting Engineer and Chartered Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention (which has been communicated
to me from abroad by Siemens & Halske Aktien-Gesellschaft, of Markgrafen
Strasse, 94, Berlin, Germany, Electrical Engineers) to be as follows:-
-
This invention has for its object a type printing telegraph, of simple construction
and so arranged that the same apparatus can be used as transmitter and as
receiver and that the transmitter can be operated by manipulating a number
of keys corresponding to the different letters and signs of the ordinary alphabet.
In order that such an apparatus may be adapted to be used by any untrained
person, it is necessary that the apparatus itself and its operation should be of
the simplest possible description and that it should return automatically into
the original position when the operators have ceased to use it.
I will describe the apparatus with reference to the accompanying drawings in
which
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of the improved apparatus as it is
used with continuous currents.
Figure 2 is a detail plan view of parts of the mechanism and
Figure 3 is a diagrammatic illustration of the apparatus as it is used with
alternating currents.
It is to be understood that in Figures 1 and 3 the shaft a shewn in the lower
part of the figure is the same as the shaft a in the upper part of the figure.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in all the figures.
a Figure 2 is a shaft on which the type-wheel B is fixed. Besides the type-
wheel the escapement wheel C is likewise fixed on the shaft a and is provided
with a. rigid arm L projecting radially between two pins fastened in a toothed
wheel J loosely mounted on the shaft a. Lastly a projecting nose or cam N
is rigidly fastened on the said shaft a. All these parts are shewn beside each
As will be seen in these
other in Figures 1 and 3 for the sake of clearness.
figures, a lever D is provided with an anchor at one end which is engaged with
the escapement wheel C. The lever D is pivoted in b and its free end is made
to form the armature of a polarised electromagnet E. The radial extension L
is provided with a spring M which also engages with the pins N, and N₂, thus
forming an elastic coupling between the wheels C and J. The teeth of the
wheel are adapted to lift a contact spring K which when released engages
with the contact kg.
The shaft a is surrounded by a ring provided with pins s such as is employed
usually in the Hughes apparatus.
A (Figures 1 and 3) represents a casing containing a spring which is supposed
to drive the shaft a by means of wheel gearing in the usual way.
P is an operating key, which makes contacts with ke and k, when it is depressed

page_text: and at the same time by means of the sliding bar Q operates the three-armed
lever R, causing it to touch either of the contacts k or 4. A bent arm of this
lever R in its turn engages with the lever T pivoted in e and resting on the
nose N., fixed on the shaft a and adapted to make contact with k...
The lever G carries at its end a printing roller and is operated by the electro-
magnet F. It engages with the arms d₁, pivoted in e and rigidly connected
with the arms U and S. The arm U rests on the edge of the revolving cylindrical
spring-casing A with so much friction that it is moved in the direction of the
rotation indicated by the arrow, when it is released.
The arm S carries the spring W adapted to engage with that arm of the
lever R which projects below its pivot.
H represents an ordinary line relay operating the contact lever h, so as to
make it touch either of the contacts k₁ or k
ZZZZ Z, Z, Z, are binding posts.
L and L are conductors leading into the line.
LB is the line battery the two halves of which O B, and 0 B, are arranged
to be used as local batteries.
V is a switch by means of which a telephone is supposed to be placed in
circuit, (in case the direct transmission of speech is preferred) when it is turned
into the position indicated by X.
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 are conductors connecting
the different parts of the apparatus.
For the sake of clearness the operation of this apparatus will be described at
first as if it were only meant to act as a transmitter.
When the apparatus is at rest, all the parts are in the positions shewn in the
drawings. The contact arm h of the relay H touches contact k₁, R touches kg,
Ptouches, T is lifted off by the nose N₁ and K is lifted off kg.
When the apparatus is to be put in action the operator at the
transmitting station only has to depress the button P of his apparatus,
whereby the line current is closed. When the key P is depressed,
first the contact k is broken and then the contact k, is closed. Thereby a current
is caused to flow from the positive terminal of the line battery LB to the binding.
post Z and through the line L' to the receiving apparatus. After passing through
the latter the current returns through L1, passes over binding post Z, con-
ductor 1, switch V, conductor 2, the winding of the electromagnet of the relay H,
conductor 3, the key P, contact k, conductor 4, and over the binding post 77
back to the negative terminal of the battery. The relay is thereby caused to
attract its armature and thus to close a local circuit, in which a current starts
from the positive terminal of the local battery OB, over binding post Z., con-
ductor 5, , conductor 6, electromagnet E, conductor 7, printing magnet F,
conductor 8 and returns over Z to the battery. This current causes the printing
lever G to be attracted and by means of the arm d, moves the lever S pivoted
in and thereby causes the contact lever T to touch the contact k As N
is released, the clockwork begins to rotate. Furthermore it should be remarked
that the lever I is not moved by this means, because the direction of the current
is the same as that of the current which has last passed through the polarised
electromagnet and therefore cannot cause the armature to be shifted. Since
currents of different directions are used, means are provided to cause the last
current always to flow through the apparatus in the same direction as the first
that has passed through it. When the button P is fully depressed the contact
lever R is shifted from contact to contact k, by means of the sliding bar Q
and remains in this position as long as the operation of the apparatus lasts.
When the key P is released, contact is again made between P and k and
likewise returns to k₁. Therefore a local current is caused to flow from the
positive terminal of the battery OB, over the binding post Z, through 8, F, 7,
E, 6, h, k, 9, k, T, 10, 4 and over Z back to the negative terminal of OВ. By
means of this current passing through E the lever D is operated, the shaft a and

page_text: with it the clockwork is released and by the motion of J, K is released and
caused to touch kg.
By this means simultaneously a line current is caused to flow from the positive
terminal of the line battery LB over Z, Z3, L', the receiver apparatus_L",
Z4, 1, V, 2, relay H, 3, P, k, 11, R, k, 12, K, kg, 13, 4 and back over Z, to
the negative terminal. By this current the armature of H is attracted, h is
caused to touch k, the armature D is shifted and by means of the rotation of
the shaft a thus caused, K is lifted off kg, whereby the line current is interrupted
and the contacts in the relay H are again changed. The same process is repeated
over and over again, if no further key is touched.
It should be remarked that the printing magnet is prevented from fully
attracting its armature by the quickness with which the current changes, so that
the paper is not brought into contact with the type wheel.
If now a letter-key is depressed one of the pins s of the disc is lifted by a
mechanical transmission gear similar to that in use in the Hughes apparatus.
This pin intercepts the motion of the arm 0 fastened to the wheel J and
arrests the wheel and thereby likewise brings the shaft a to a standstill. The
latter however, since it is not rigidly coupled with J can continue in its rotation
as far as the space between the pins N, and N, admits, the spring M being
thereby depressed. By arresting the driving shaft the following operations are
caused
Supposing the shaft is arrested when K is making contact with k, a line
current is made to flow from the positive terminal of the battery LB over Z, L¹,
the receiver L¹¹, 1, V, 2, H, 3, P, ke, 11, k, 12, K, k, 13, 4 and back over Z
to the negative terminal of the battery. By this current the relay H is operated,
kis replaced by and the local current of the battery OB, is started. The
electromagnet E thereby operates the armature D) and G is attracted by F.
Thus since a current of longer duration can pass through F during the stoppage,
the letter which happens to be placed opposite the printing roller will be printed
off, because G can be fully attracted.
After the letter key has been released, the relay and the contact wheel J in
turns will again make contacts until the arm O strikes another pin s.
If O is arrested while the contact between K and kg is interrupted exactly the
same operations will be caused with this difference only that the local current issues
from OB₂.
In the receiver the action of the current is for the most part analogous to
that of the transmitter with this difference only, that the operation of the starting
key is omitted and that therefore the lever R is not shifted.
After the button P of the transmitter has been depressed, a current is first
sent through the line L', passes over 73, into the receiver and goes through
conductor 14, 3, R, 11, k, P, 3, relay H, 2, V, 1, Z, and returns over L" to
the transmitter. The armature of H is attracted and h is made to touch .
By this means first the local circuit of OB, is closed just the same as in the
transmitter. A current consequently flows from the positive terminal of OB₁
over Z 5, k, h, 6, E, 7, F, S, %, and back to the negative terminal of OB₁.
By this current G is attracted and S is shifted so as to bring the arm T into
contact with k₁, and now both the local circuits can come into action in turns
as has been explained with reference to the transmitter, and will operate the
two armatures ) and G.
The elastic coupling between the type-wheel and the contact making arrange-
ment is provided in order to insure exact synchronism between the two type
wheels while the printing proceeds. If the shaft was rigidly coupled with
the contact arrangement the following action would take place.
Supposing that in the transmitter O has struck one of the pins s and that K
is lifted off from kg, then h touches k, and thereby closes the local circuit of OB₂.
Thus a current is passed through this circuit by which F and E are excited and
consequently D is shifted and will release the shaft. But since the latter is

page_text: .
arrested by s it cannot turn. In the receiver this is different, because here
the arm Ŭ does not strike any of the pins s and therefore can continue to
turn over one more letter until it is arrested by the anchor 1. Consequently
the transmitter would lag behind the receiver to the extent of one letter.
If however the shaft is coupled loosely with the contact arrangement, though
the latter be arrested, the type-wheel will be free to move forward as far as that of
the receiver.
When the key P of the transmitter has once been depressed both instruments
would continue to run down as long as the clockwork admits. But by the
following arrangement they will throw themselves out of circuit automatically
and will return into the position of rest.
For this purpose the elastic arm or spring U is fixed on the lever S which
rests against the circumference of the spring casing A with just enough friction
to cause it to be carried along with the movement of the casing.
When the starting key P is depressed and also when any successive key is
touched, the lever S is turned upon c by means of the printing lever G and
arm d. Hereby U is also moved a certain distance along the circumference of
the spring-casing A in the direction opposite to the rotation of the latter. When
the clockwork begins to run, U is carried back by the casing A. The dimensions
are so chosen that S will return into its original position after several turns
of the type wheel. The nose Na will then break the contact between T and k
and at the same time R will be brought back into its original position. Thus
all connections are severed and the instruments are brought back into their
position of rest.
In order to be quite sure that all connections in the receiver have been
separated before those of the transmitter are interrupted, an arrangement is
provided, by which the receiver is arrested after two turns of the shaft, the
transmitter however not before three revolutions.
the circumstance that in the transmitter and the receiver the lever S is shifted
This object is obtained by
only a certain distance by the printing lever G and thereby the spring W fixed
to the arm d, of the lever S is depressed.
But in the transmitter the lever R touches while in the receiver it
touches k. Consequently in the receiver the spring W is depressed and in
the transmitter it moves freely.
In the receiver the spring W being depressed will cause the lever S to return a
certain distance corresponding to the depression of the spring after the lever G
has been lowered and by this means a difference between the positions of the
two levers S in the two instruments always remains and consequently the
receiver is made to return into its original position after two revolutions of
the type wheel while in the transmitter this does not occur before three revolu-
tions have been completed.
The feed of the paper can be effected by any one of the known methods and
is not described because it forms no part of this invention.
When the apparatus above described are to be operated with alternating
currents on the line some slight modification must be provided. The relay H
must be arranged for alternating currents and some alterations must be intro-
duced into the contact making arrangement, which are shewn in Figure 3.
The same apparatus can again be used either as transmitter or as receiver,
but it will be seen that the arrangement of the connections is altered in such
a way that the relay of the transmitter remains at rest and the printing and
starting magnets are connected in parallel with the line circuit and are operated
as follows:
When at rest all parts take the positions shewn in the drawing. By depress-
ing the starting key P again both instruments are put into action."
the lever S is turned upon e by means of the sliding bar Q and thus contact
At first
is made between T and k.
By depressing the starting button P still more the lever R is again operated.

page_text: In this case it changes two contacts. 7¡ touches kɩ and r₂ k. Thus two circuits
are closed.
The one circuit is constituted by the transmitter, the line, the receiver and the
return line. The other one is a local circuit which is connected in parallel
with the line circuit.
The main circuit starts from the positive terminal of LB passes over the
binding post Z, 1, 2, k, г, 3, Z3, line L', the receiver, line Ľ", Z, 4, V, 5,
6, K, kg, 7, 8, Z, and back to the negative terminal of LB¹.
The path taken by the current in the receiver will be described hereafter.
The shunt circuit is constituted as follows:
Positive terminal of LB, Z, 1, 9, F, 10, E, 11 ₁, k, 12, K, kg, 7, 8, Z, and
back to the negative terminal of LB. This shunt current operates E, because
the direction of this current is opposed to that of the preceding current that
has passed the magnetic system and therefore the contact of the spring K is
changed and contact is made between K and kg.
By this means a current of opposite direction is sent from the battery LB
through the line as well as through the shunt. The line current issues from the
positive terminal of the battery LB", passes over Z, 13, T, ky, 14, 15, kg, K,
6, 5, V, 4, Z, L, the receiver, L, Z3, 3, 12, kg, 2, 1, 2 and back to the negative
terminal of LB". The current in the shunt runs as follows: Positive terminal
of LB, Z, 13, T, 7, 14, 15, k₁, K, 12, k, r₁, 11, E, 10, F, 9, 1, Z, negative
terminal of LB". The current again passes E in the opposite direction and
therefore operates D, whereby the shaft of the type wheel is allowed to turn.
By this means K is again brought into contact with k and the same action
is repeated over again. From what has been explained it will be seen, that an
alternating current flows through the line and only becomes a current of longer
duration, when the shaft of the type-wheel is arrested by one of the pins s
by the depression of a letter key, in the manner described, whereupon the print-
ing lever presses the paper against the typewheel.
The path of the current in the receiver runs as follows:
When the starting key is depressed, the current enters the receiver over
line L. Here it passes over Zg, 3, r₁, k, 16, H, 17, 5, V, 4, Z, and returns
over L to the transmitter. By this means H is put in action and the arm h
is made to touch k2 and thus a local current is closed which issues from the
positive terminal of LB' passes over Z, 1, 9, F, 10, E, 11, ₁, k, 18, h, ky, 19,
8, Z, and back to the negative terminal of LB.
By this means the electromagnet E is put in action, because this current
passes it in a direction opposed to that of the preceding current, and both instru-
ments run in synchronism. In the receiver naturally the connection of T with
kis not made by means of the key P, but rather by the printing magnet,
which causes G to lift the arm d as has been described above.
If now a current passes the relay H in the opposite direction the contacts in
the relay are changed and those belonging to the shaft of the type wheel like-
wise, and the same play is repeated as described above only in inverted order.
The other functions of the apparatus are exactly the same as in the apparatus
operated by continuous current.
Dated this 9th day of January 1899.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Type-printing Telegraph Apparatus.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of Birkbeck Bank Chambers, Southampton Buildings,
in the County of London, Consulting Engineer and Chartered Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention (which has been communicated

page_text: to me from abroad by Siemens & Halske Aktien-Gesellschaft, of Markgrafen
Strasse, 94, Berlin, Germany, Electrical Engineers) and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
This invention has for its object a type printing telegraph of simple construction
and so arranged that the same apparatus can be used as transmitter and as
receiver and that the transmitter can be operated by manipulating a number
of keys corresponding to the different letters and signs of the ordinary alphabet.
In order that such an apparatus may be adapted to be used by any untrained
person, it is necessary that the apparatus itself and its operation should be of
the simplest possible description and that it should return automatically into
the original position when the operators have ceased to use it.
I will describe the apparatus with reference to the accompanying drawings in
which,
Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of the improved apparatus as it is
used with continuous currents.
Fig. 2 is a detail plan view of parts of the mechanism and
Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic illustration of the apparatus as it is used with
alternating currents.
it is to be understood that in Figs. 1 and 3 the shaft a shewn in the lower
part of the figure is the same as the shaft a in the upper part of the figure.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in all the figures.
化
Figure 2 is a shaft on which the type-wheel B is fixed. Besides the type-
wheel the escapement wheel C is likewise fixed on the shaft a and is provided
with a rigid arm L projecting radially between two pins fastened in a toothed
wheel J loosely mounted on the shaft a. Lastly a projecting nose or cam Na
is rigidly fastened on the said shaft a. All these parts are shewn beside each
other in Figures 1 and 3 for the sake of clearness. As will be seen in these
figures, a lever D is provided with an anchor at one end which is engaged with
the escapement wheel C. The lever D is pivotted in and its free end is made
to form the armature of a polarised electromagnet E. The radial extension L
is provided with a spring M which also engages with the pins N and No, thus
forming an elastic coupling between the wheels C and J. The teeth of the
wheel are adapted to lift a contact spring K which when released engages
with the contact kg.
The shaft a is surrounded by a ring provided with pins s such as is employed
usually in the Hughes apparatus.
A (Figures 1 and 3) represents a casing containing a spring which is supposed
to drive the shaft a by means of wheel gearing in the usual way.
P is an operating key, which makes contacts with k and ky when it is depressed
and at the same time by means of the sliding bar Q operates the three armed
lever R, causing it to touch either of the contacts k or k₁. A bent arm of this
lever R in its turn engages with the lever T pivotted in e and resting on the
nose Na fixed on the shaft a and adapted to make contact with k..
The lever G carries at its end a printing roller and is operated by the electro-
magnet F. It engages with the arm & pivotted in cand rigidly connected
with the arms U and S. The arm U rests on the edge of the revolving cylindrical
spring casing A with so much friction that it is moved in the direction of the
rotation indicated by the arrow, when it is released.
The arm S carries the spring W adapted to engage with that arm of the
lever R which projects below its pivot..
H represents an ordinary line relay operating the contact lever h so as to
make it touch either of the contacts or 2.
Z Z2 Z3 Z4 Z Z Z, are binding posts.
L and L are conductors leading into the line.
LB is the line battery the two halves of which OB¹ and OВ are arranged
to be used as local batteries.

page_text: V is a switch by means of which a. telephone is supposed to be placed in
circuit, (in case the direct transmission of speech is preferred) when it is turned
into the position indicated by X.
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 are conductors connecting
the different parts of the apparatus.
'
For the sake of clearness the operation of this apparatus will be described at
first as if it were only meant to act as a transmitter.
When the apparatus is at rest, all the parts are in the positions shewn in the
drawings. The contact arm h of the relay H touches contact k¹, R touches kg,
P touches T. is lifted off k by the nose NA and K is lifted
off kg. When the apparatus 19 to be put in action the operator
at the transmitting station only has to depress the button P of his
apparatus, whereby the line current is closed. When the key P is depressed,
first the contact 6 is broken and then the contact k, is closed. Thereby a current
is caused to flow from the positive terminal of the line battery LB to the binding
post Z, and through the line L' to the receiving apparatus. After passing through
the latter the current returns through L" passes over binding post Z, con-
ductor 1, switch V, conductor 2, the winding of the electromagnet of the relay H,
conductor 3, the key P, contact k,, conductors 41, 4, and over the binding post 77
back to the negative terminal of the battery. The relay is thereby caused to
attract its armature and thus to close a local circuit, in which a current starts
from the positive terminal of the local battery OB₁ over binding post Z, con-
ductor 5, k, h conductor 6, electromagnet E, conductor 7, printing magnet F,
conductor 8 and returns over Z to the battery. This current causes the printing
lever G to be attracted and by means of the arm & moves the lever pivotted
in c and thereby causes the contact lever T to touch the contact k. As Na
is released, the clockwork begins to rotate. Furthermore it should be remarked
that the lever D is not moved by this means, because the direction of the current
is the same as that of the, current which has last passed through the polarised
electromagnet and therefore cannot cause the armature to be shifted. Since
currents of different directions are used, means are provided to cause the last
current always to flow through the apparatus in the same direction as the first
that has passed through it. When the button P is fully depressed the contact
lever R is shifted from contact k to contact k by means of the sliding bar Q
and remains in this position as long as the operation of the apparatus last.
When the key P is released, contact is again made between P and ke and
likewise returns to k¹. Therefore a local current is caused to flow from the
positive terminal of the battery OB, over the binding post Z, through 8, F, 7,
E, 6, h, k, 9, k,, T, 10, and over Z back to the negative terminal of O B₁. By
means of this current passing through E the lever D is operated, the shaft a and
with it the clockwork is released and by the motion of J, K is released and
caused to touch kg.
By this means simultaneously a line current is caused to flow from the positive
terminal of the line battery LB over Z, Z. L', the receiver apparatus_L",
Z, 1, V, 2, relay H, 3, P, k, 11, R, k, 12, K, ½, 13 4 and back over Z, to
the negative terminal. By this current the armature of H is attracted, his
caused to touch k₁, the armature D is shifted and by means of the rotation of
the shaft a thus caused, K is lifted off kg, whereby the line current is interrupted
and the contacts in the relay H are again changed. The same process is repeated
over and over again, if no further key is touched.
It should be remarked that the printing magnet is prevented from fully
attracting its armature by the quickness with which the current changes, so that
the paper is not brought into contact with the type wheel.
If now a letter-key is depressed one of the pins s of the disc is lifted by a
mechanical transmission gear similar to that in use in the Hughes apparatus.
This pin intercepts the motion of the arm 0 fastened to the wheel J. and
arrests the wheel and thereby likewise brings the shaft a to a standstill. The

page_text: latter however since it is not rigidly coupled with J can continue in its rotation
as far as the space between the pins N¹ and N, admits, the spring M being
thereby depressed. By arresting the driving shaft the following operations are
caused:
Supposing the shaft is arrested when K is making contact with kg, a line
current is made to flow from the positive terminal of the battery LB over Z, L,
the receiver L", 1, V, 2, H, 3, P, k, 11, k₁, 12, K, kg, 13, 4 and back over Z
to the negative terminal of the battery. By this current the relay H is operated,
is replaced by k, and the local current of the battery OB is started. The
electromagnet E. thereby operates the armature 1) and G is attracted by F.
Thus since a current of longer duration can pass through F during the stoppage,
the letter which happens to be placed opposite the printing roller will be printed
off, because G can be fully attracted.
After the letter key has been released, the relay and the contact wheel J in
turns will again make contacts until the arm O strikes another pin s.
If () is arrested while the contact between K and kg is interrupted exactly the
same operations will be caused with this difference only that the local current issues
from OB.
In the receiver the action of the current is for the most part analogous to
that of the transmitter with this difference only, that the operation of the starting
key is omitted and that therefore the lever R is not shifted.
After the button P of the transmitter has been depressed, a current is first
sent through the line L', passes over Z. into the receiver and goes through
conductor 14, k, R, 11, k, P, 3, relay H, 2, V, 1, Z, and returns over L" to
the transmitter. The armature of H is attracted and his made to touch ky.
By this means first the local circuit of OB¹ is closed just the same as in the
transmitter. A current consequently flows from the positive terminal of OB'
over 7, 5, ka, h, 6, E, 7, F, S, Z, and back to the negative terminal of OB¹.
By this current G is attracted and S is shifted so as to bring the arm T into
contact with k, and now both the local circuits can come into action in turns
as has been explained with reference to the transmitter, and will operate the
two armatures D) and G.
The elastic coupling between the type wheel and the contact making arrange-
ment is provided in order to insure exact synchronism between the two type
wheels while the printing proceeds. If the shaft was rigidly coupled with
the contact arrangement the following action would take place.
Supposing that in the transmitter O has struck one of the pins s and that, K
is lifted off from kg, then h touches and thereby closes the local circuit of O B
Thus a current is passed through this circuit by which F and E are excited and
consequently D is shifted and will release the shaft. But since the latter is
arrested by it cannot turn. In the receiver this is different, because here
the arm does not strike any of the pins s and therefore can continue to
turn over one more letter until it is arrested by the anchor D. Consequently
the transmitter would lag behind the receiver to the extent of one letter.
If however the shaft is coupled loosely with the contact arrangement, though
the latter be arrested, the type-wheel will be free to move forward as far as that of
the receiver.
When the key P of the transmitter has once been depressed both instruments
would continue to run down as long as the clockwork admits. But by the
following arrangement they will throw themselves out of circuit automatically
and will return into the position of rest.
For this purpose the elastic arm or spring U is fixed on the lever S which
rests against the circumference of the spring casing A with just enough friction
to cause it to be carried along with the movement of the casing.
i
When the starting key P is depressed and also when any successive key is
touched, the lever S is turned upon c by means of the printing lever G and
arm. Hereby U is also moved a certain distance along the circumference of

page_text: the spring casing A, in the direction opposite to that of the rotation of the latter.
When the clockwork begins to run, U is carried back by the casing A. The dimen-*
sions are so chosen that S will return into its original position after several turns
of the type wheel. The nose N, will then break the contact between T and k
and at the same time R will be brought back into its original position. Thus
all connections are severed and the instruments are brought back into their
position of rest.
In order to be quite sure that all connections in the receiver have been
separated before those of the transmitter are interrupted, an arrangement is
provided by which the receiver is arrested after two turns of the shaft, the
transmitter however not before three revolutions. This object is obtained by
the circumstance that in the transmitter and the receiver the lever S is shifted
only a certain distance by the printing lever G and thereby the spring W fixed
to the arm d of the lever S is depressed.
But in the transmitter the lever R touches while in the receiver it
touches. Consequently in the receiver the spring W is depressed and in
the transmitter it moves freely.
In the receiver the spring W being depressed will cause the lever S to return a
certain distance corresponding to the depression of the spring after the lever G
has been lowered and by this means a difference between the positions of the
two levers S in the two instruments always remains and consequently the
receiver is made to return into its original position after two revolutions of
the type wheel while in the transmitter this does not occur before three revolu-
tions have been completed.
The feed of the paper can be effected by any one of the known methods and
is not described because it forms no part of this invention.
When the apparatus above described are to be operated with alternating
currents on the line some slight modification must be provided. The relay H
must be arranged for alternating currents and some alterations must be intro-
duced into the contact making arrangement, which are shewn in Figure 3.
The same apparatus can again be used either as transmitter or as receiver,
but it will be seen that the arrangement of the connections is altered in such
a way that the relay of the transmitter remains at rest and the printing and
starting magnets are connected in parallel with the line circuit and are operated
as follows:
When at rest all parts take the positions shewn in the drawing. By depress-
ing the starting key P again both instruments are put into action. At first
the lever S is turned upon c by means of an arm of the sliding bar Q and thus
contact is made between T and 7.
By depressing the starting button P still more the lever R is operated. In
this case it changes two contacts r₁ touches 4 and r2 6. Thus two circuits
are closed.
.
The one circuit is constituted by the transmitter, the line, the receiver and the
return line. The other one is a local circuit which is connected in parallel
with the line circuit.
The main circuit starts from the positive terminal of L 13¹ passes over the
binding post Z, 1, 2, k6, r2, 3, 73, line L', the receiver, line L, Z4, 4, V, 5,
6, K, 8, 7, 8, 7, and back to the negative terminal of L B'.
The path taken by the current in the receiver will be described hereafter.
The shunt circuit is constituted as follows:
Positive terminal of L B¹, Z6, 1, 9, F, 10, E, 11, r³, 1, 12, K, k8, 7, 8, Z, and
back to the negative terminal of L B. This shunt current operates E, because
the direction of this current is opposed to that of the preceding current that
has passed the magnetic system and therefore the contact of the spring K is
changed and contact is made between K and k9.
By this means a current of opposite direction is sent from the battery L B
through the line as well as through the shunt. The line current issues from the

page_text: positive terminal of the battery L B1, passes over Z7, 13, T, 7, 14, 15, k9, K,
6, 5, V, 4, Z, L", the receiver, L., Z3, 3, 2, 6, 2, 1, 6 and back to the negative
terminal of L B. The current in the shunt runs as follows: Positive terminal
of L B, Z7, 13, T, k 7,, 14, 15, k 9, K, 12, k4, r, 11, E, 10, F, 9, 1, 76, negative
terminal of L B. The, current again passes E in the opposite, direction and
therefore operates D, whereby the shaft of the type wheel is allowed to turn.
By this means K is again brought into contact with 8 and the same action
is repeated, over again. From what has been explained it will be seen, that an
alternating current flows through the line and only becomes a current of longer
duration, when the shaft of the type wheel is arrested by, one of the pins,s
by the depression of a letter key, in the manner described, whereupon the print-
ing, lever presses the paper against the typewheel.
ד'
:
The path of the current in the receiver runs as follows:
When the starting key is depressed, the current enters. the receiver over
line, L. Here it passes over 7, 3, 2, 5, 16, H, 17, 5, V, 4, 4 and returns
over L to the transmitter. By this means. His put in action and the arm h
is made to touch 2 and thus a local current is closed, which issues from the
positive terminal of L B passes over Z6, 1, 9; F, 10, E, 11, r¹, hy, 18,,h,, kq, 19,
8, Z5 and back to the negative terminal of .L B¹.
By this means the electromagnet. E is put in action, because this current
passes it in a direction opposed to that of the preceding current, and both instru-
ments run in synchronism. In the receiver naturally the connection of T with
7 is not made by means of the key P, but rather by the printing magnet
which causes G to lift the arm das has been described above.
If now a current passes the relay H in the opposite direction the contacts in
the relay are changed and those belonging to the shaft of the type wheel like-
wise, and the same play is repeated as described above only in inverted order.
The other functions of the apparatus are exactly the same as in the .apparatus
operated by continuous current.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed,, I declare that what
I claim is
1. In a type-printing telegraph, the combination with a transmitter type-wheel,
contact device, mechanism for rotating these parts in unison, a key, and mechanical
means operated by the key for stopping the contact device, of a receiver type-
wheel, electro-magnetic means controlled by the contact-device of the transmitter
for rotating the receiver type-wheel, and means set in action by the operation
of the transmitter key for causing a synchronous detention of the transmitter
and receiver type-wheels, substantially as described.
2. In a type-printing telegraph, the combination, with a type-wheel, a contact-
device, an escapement wheel, a shaft on which this type-wheel, this contact-device
and this escapement-wheel are mounted, and an anchor engaging the escapement-
wheel, of an electro-magnet controlled by the contact-device and arranged to
govern the anchor, and means for permitting the type-wheel to move a pre-
determined amount after the contact device is stopped, substantially as described.
3. In a type-printing telegraph, the combination with a type wheel, a contact-
device, an escapement-wheel, a shaft on which this type-wheel, this contact-device
and this escapement-wheel are mounted, and an anchor engaging the escapement-
wheel, of an electro-magnet controlled by the contact-device and arranged to
govern the anchor, and an elastic coupling between the contact device and type-
wheel, whereby the latter is allowed to turn to a limited extent after the contact
device has stopped, substantially as described.
4. In a type-printing telegraph, the combination with a type-wheel, a contact-
device, an escapement-wheel, a shaft on which this type-wheel, this contact-device
and this escapement-wheel are mounted, and an anchor engaging the escapement-
wheel, of an electro-magnet controlled by the contact device and arranged to

page_text: govern the anchor, means for arresting the type-wheel upon the depression of
a letter key, a lever, a 'clockwork for driving the instrument, means operated
by the clockwork for moving the said lever, a printing lever, means for returning
this lever to its normal position upon the operation of the printing lever, a
5 contact-device connected with this lever, and a nose on the type-wheel shaft
arranged to actuate the last named contact-device, substantially as described.
Dated this 26th day of September 1899.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.