IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING RIVETS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Charles Fenwick Wilson and Thomas Green.
both of Dunston, in the County of Durham, for the Invention of
IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING RIVETS."
Sealed the 28th May 1858, and dated the 24th December 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Charles Fenwick
Wilson and Thomas Green, at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 24th December 1857.
We, HENRY CHARLES FENWICK WILSON and THOMAS GREEN both of
Dunston, in the County of Durham, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING RIVETS,"
to be as follows:-
The improved machinery consists of a frame supporting a main working
shaft, on which are two riggers and a fly wheel; said shaft also carries three
cams, one for working the cutting-off shears, another for working a heading
tool, and the third one for regulating the length of iron fed into the shears at
each revolution of the machine. There is a spring to draw back the header
tool after the head of the rivet is formed, and to allow of the finished rivet
being forced out. There is a vibrating swing head fixed to the framing of
the machine and a wedge connected to a lever which receives an up-and-down
motion from the first above-mentioned cam. In connection with these last-
mentioned parts is a strong spring, which, as the aforesaid wedge descends,
forces the swing head back to its original position. Said wedge works in a

page_text: recess cut in the spring head and presses against a shoe piece fixed by screws
to the main framing of the machine. To the aforesaid swing head there
is attached a cutting shear and a spring shear, and another shear is bolted to
the frame. The feed box into which the heated bar of iron is placed is
attached to the swing head also. An iron plug forces the hot iron through
the shears when open. This said plug is attached to a lever keyed on to n
shaft which also carries a weighted lever and a starting lever, as also two other
levers, one of which is connected to a long lever worked by a spiral motion
fixed on the main driving shaft, so that when the aforesaid long lever reaches
its lowest position it catches on a scroll which guides it up to its highest
position, when the before-mentioned starting lever will bave passed on to a
entch and be held thereby in that position. There is n notched rack working
in guides, which is forced forward by one of the before-mentioned levers
whenever a pall which is in connection therewith is disengaged therefrom.
A spiral spring gives the said pall a slight forward motion when it is raised
from the tooth of the aforesaid notched rack. This movement of the pall
takes place whilst the shears are closed and no iron feeding through, and the
rack therefore stationary, and as soon as the shears open, the rack being pro-
pelled by the weight on the before-mentioned lever will be advanced one tooth.
a pall arresting its further progress. This pall is fixed in an upright frame
sliding in guides, and said frame and pall receive their upward motion from
the before-mentioned third cam on the main driving shaft. An important
feature in the above machinery consists in the header striking in a horizontal
line with the axis of the rivet, the circular motion of the heading tool in
ordinary machines being found very objectionable in practice, in consequence of
its having a tendency to drive the head on one side instead of keeping the
head of the rivet dead in the centre thereof.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Charles Fenwick Wilson and Thomas Green, in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th June 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, HENRY.
CHARLES FENWICK WILSON and THOMAS GREEN, both of Dunston, in the
County of Durham, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of.

page_text: Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Henry Charles Fenwick Wilson and Thomas Green, Her special
licence that we, the said Henry Charles Fenwick Wilson and Thomas Green,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
Henry Charles Fenwick Wilson and Thomas Green, our executors, ad-
ministrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING
RIVETS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Henry
Charles Fenwick Wilson and Thomas Green, our executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under our, or their bands and seals, or under
the hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar mouths next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Henry Charles Fenwick Wilson and
Thomas Green, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
Our inproved machinery consists of a frame supporting a main driving.
shaft, on which are two riggers and a fly wheel; said shaft also carries three
cams, one for working the cutting shears, another for working a heading tool,
and the third one for regulating the length of iron to be fed into and cut off
by the shears at each revolution of the machine. There is a spring to draw
back the heading tool after the head of the rivet is formed, and to allow of the
finished rivet being forced out. There is a vibrating swing head fixed to the
framing of the machine and a wedge connected to a lever which receives an
up-and-down motion from the first above-mentioned cam. In connection with
these last-mentioned parts is a strong spring, which, as the aforesaid wedge
descends forces the swing head back to its original position; said wedge
works in a recess cut in the swing head and presses against a shoe piece fixed
by screws to the main framing of the machine. To the aforesaid swing head
there is attached a cutting shear and a spring shear, and another shear is
bolted to the frame. The feed box into which the heated bar of iron is
placed is also attached to the swing head. An iron plug forces the hot iron
through the shears when open. This said plug is attached to a lever keyed

page_text: on to a shaft which also carries a weighted lever and a starting lever, as also
two other levers, one of which is connected to a long lever worked by a spiral
motion fixed on the main driving shaft, so that when the aforesaid long lever
reaches its lowest position it catches on a scroll which guides it up to its
highest position, when tho before-mentioned starting lever will have passed on
to a catch and be held thereby in that position. There is a notched rack
working in guides which is forced forward by one of the before-mentioned
levers whenever a pall which is in connection therewith is disengaged
therefrom. A spiral spring gives the said pall a slight forward motion when
it is raised from the tooth of the aforesaid notched rack. This movement of
the pall takes place whilst the shears are closed and no iron feeding through,
and the rack therefore stationary, and as soon as the shears open, the rack
being propelled by the weight on the before-mentioned lever will be advanced
one tooth, the pall arresting its further progress. This pall is fixed in an
upright frame sliding in guides, and said frame and pall receive their upward
motion from the before-mentioned third cam ou the main driving shaft. An
important feature in the above machinery consists in the heading tool striking
in a horizontal line with the axis of the rivet, the circular motion of the
header in ordinary machines being found very objectionable in practice, in
consequence of its having a tendency to drive the head of the rivet on one
side instead of keeping the head dead in the centre thereof.
In order to explain our said Invention as completely as possible we now
proceed to describe the best means we are acquainted with for carrying the
Fame into practical effect, reference being had to the illustrative Sheets of
Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the numeral figures and letters of
reference marked thereon respectively as follows.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is an elevation of the fly wheel and rigger side; Figure 2, eleva-
tion of the reverse side; Figure 3, a sectional plan taken through the line
A, B, at Figure 2; Figure 4, a cross section; and Figure 5, a full-sized view,
of the jaw of the feeding slide. Similar letters of reference are placed upon
and denote corresponding parts in so far as such parts appear or can be scen
at each of such said Figures respectively.
4
A, A, is the main frame of the machine; B the driving shaft carrying on
its outer end riggers C, C, and a fly wheel D, snid shaft working in pedestals
on the frame A, A; this shaft also carries a cam E, which works the cutting-
off shears; the cam F which works the header J by means of the bell crank
H, and thirdly the small cam G which regulates the length of iron fed into

page_text: the shears at each revolution of the machine. The bell crank H runs on a
shaft I, in bearings cast on the frame A, A; the spring K is intended to draw,
back the header J after the head is formed, and allows the finished rivet to
be forced out when it falls into a hopper that can be fastened to the main
frame. L is a vibrating swing head; M a wedge, connected to the lever N,
and receiving an up-and-down motion from the cam E. The swing head is
fixed to the frame A by bolts a, a, and adjusted by set screws b, b. O is a
strong spring, which, as the wedge M descends, forces the swing bead back to
its original position; this wedge works in a recess cut in the swing head, and
presses against the shoe P, which is fixed by two screws to the main framing.
To the swing head L is attached a cutting shear Q, and a spring shear R,
while the shear S is bolted to the frame. T is the feed box, into which the
heated bar of iron is placed (the bar being about two feet long); U, the iron
plug which forces the hot iron through the shears when open; the shear R is
held in its position by means of the steel spring C, which is fastened to the
frame by the adjustable clip d. The feeding plug U is attached by a link to
the lever V, which is keyed on to the weight shaft W, which also carries the
weighted lever W, the starting lever X, and the levers X, X. The lever X
is connected by the rod X to the long lever X, which is worked by the
spiral motion Y. fixed to the fly wheel on the main driving shaft, so that
when the lever X' reaches its lowest position it is caught by the scroll Y,
which guides it up to its highest position, when the starting lever V will have
passed on to the catch e, to be held by it in that position. f is a notched
rack working in guides f, f, and forced forward by means of the lever X²,
whenever the pall g is disengaged; g' is a spiral spring which gives the pall
a slight backward motion when it is raised from the tooth of the rack. This
movement of the pall takes place while the shears are closed, and no iron
feeding through, the rack f being therefore stationary, and as soon as the
shears open, the rack propelled by the weight on the lever W will advance
the length of one tooth, when its further progress will be arrested by the pall
9, which is fixed in an upright frame sliding in the guides h, h, fastened on to
the standard; the frame and pall g receive their upward motion from the
cam G by means of the lever G'. The general working of the machine is as
follows: The hand lever X being in the catch e, the workman places the
heated bar in the feed box T, he then disengages the lever X and brings the
end of the feed plug against the heated bar, forcing the same forward against
the shear S. As the main shaft revolves the wedge M will fall, and the
swing head receding will bring the feed box opposite the hole in the shears
R, S, and a sufficient length of iron to make one rivet will be passed through

page_text: the shears, the quantity being regulated by the length of the tooth in the rack
f, and the advancing motion produced by the weight W. As the machine
advances the cam E will raise the wedgo M, and forcing the swing head and
feed box past the fixed shears S, cut off the hot iron for one rivet and tho
shear R receiving a forward motion from the bolt k in the swing head will nip
and hold the iron while the header J advances and completes the rivet head;
the header is then withdrawn by the spring K, the wedge M falls and the
shears open, when a second length of iron is fed through the shears forcing
the already completed rivet before it. At Figure 5 will be seen a full size
view of the jaw of the feeding slide where it will appear that as the slide
recedes the wedge X' opens the jaw a and lets the waste end of the bar escape,
and on its return the spring b closes the jaw on the fresh bar of iron to be fed
through. The header J is kept in a perfectly horizontal position by adjustable
guides K¹, K'.
Having now fully described and set forth the nature and object of our said
Invention of "Improved Machinery or Apparatus for Making Rivets," together
with the best means we are acquainted with for carrying the same into practical
effect, we would remark in conclusion that we do not claim the particular parts
of our said machinery, as the same may be modified without in any way
departing from the principle of our Invention; but what we claim as our
Invention is the general combination of the parts shewn and described for the
purpose herein set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said Henry Charles Fenwick Wilson and
Thomas Green, have hereunto set our bands and seals, this Seven-
teenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness to the signing hereof by the said
Henry Charles Fenwick Wilson,
W LOCKEY HARLE, Solicitor,
Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
Witness to the signature of Thomas Green,
ALEX. PRINCE, Patent Agent,
1. C. F. WILSON. (L.8.)
(L.S.)
TH. GREEN.
4, Trafalgar Square, Charing Cross.