Improvements in or relating to the Cylinders and Pistons of Engines Operated by Explosive Mixtures.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Jan., 189U
Complete Specification Left, 29th Oct., 1890-Accepted, 29th Nov., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to the Cylinders and Pistons of Engines
Operated by Explosive Mixtures.
We, ALPHONSE EDOUARD TAVERNIER, of 17, Colehearne Road, South Kensington,
in the County of London, Civil Engineer, and EDWARD CASPER, of 11, Queen
Victoria Street, in the City of London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to the cylinders and pistons of engines operated by the
explosion of mixtures of air and gas or hydrocarbon vapour, and has for its object to
provide improved means for cooling such cylinders and pistons.
It is well known that as the diameter of a cylinder is increased its superficial area
does not increase in the same proportion as its cubical capacity. This fact necessarily
limits the diameter of the cylinders and consequently the horse power of engines
operated by explosive mixtures owing to the difficulty of cooling large cylinders
sufficiently quickly.
According to our invention we overcome this difficulty by constructing the cylinder
with a series of flanges arranged either radially or circumferentially.
These flanges are enclosed in a jacket, which, to facilitate its application, is advan-
tageously formed in two or more pieces. The cylinder thus formed presents a cooling
surface which is greater than that of an ordinary cylinder by the area of the flanges.
The cylinder may be very thin between the flanges so as to bring its interior surface
as close as possible to the cooling liquid.
We also construct a piston in such a manner that it can be easily traversed by a
cooling liquid.
The piston is made hollow and provided with interior flanges to increase the cooling
surface.
The pistou rod is hollow and communicates with the interior of the piston so that
liquid can be pumped or otherwise introduced into the said piston through a flexible
tube or by any other suitable means.
The liquid entering the piston may be sprayed against the sides, or vapourised, or
simply circulated entering in through the hollow rod and returning by a tube inside
the said rod.
Dated the 29th day of January 1890.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to the Cylinders and Pistons of Engine
Operated by Explosive Mixtures.
We, ALPHONSE EDOUARD TAVERNIER, of 17, C'olehearne Road, South Kensington,
in the County of London, Civil Engineer, and EDWARD CASPER, of 11, Queen
Victoria Street, in the City of London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our invention relates to the cylinders and pistons of engines operated by the
explosion of mixtures of air and gas or hydrocarbon vapour, and has for its object to
provide improved means for cooling such cylinders and pistons.
It is well known that as the diameter of a cylinder is increased its superficial area

page_text: does not increase in the same proportion as its cubical capacity. This fact necessarily
limits the diameter of the cylinders and consequently the horse-power of engines
operated by explosive mixtures, owing to the difficulty of cooling large cylinders
sufficiently quickly.
According to our invention we overcome this difficulty by constructing the cylinder
with a series of flanges arranged either longitudinally or circumferentially.
These flanges are enclosed in a jacket, which, to facilitate its application, is advan-
tageously formed in two or more pieces.
We also construct a piston in such a manner that it can be easily traversed by a
cooling fluid.
The piston is made hollow and provided with interior flanges to increase the cooling
surface.
The piston-rod is also hollow and communicates with the interior of the piston so
that cooling liquid can be pumped or otherwise introduced into the said piston.
To enable our invention to he fully understood we will describe how it can be carried
into practice by reference to the accompanying drawing, in which :-
Figure is a longitudinal section of a cylinder and piston constructed according
to our invention, the said piston being of the form we prefer to use when the cylinder
is double acting.
Figure 2 is an end view of the said cylinder; and,
Figure 2 is a section on the line ex of Figure 1:
Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of a piston constructed according to our invention
for use in a single acting cylinder; and,
Figure 4 is an end view of the same.
Similar reference letters indicate similar or corresponding parts throughout the
drawing.
Referring to Figures 1, 2 and 2ª, A is the cylinder, and B, B are the flanges which,
as shewn, are arranged circumferentially thereon, but which are sometimes arranged
longitudinally of the cylinder.
We prefer to form the cylinder thinner between the flanges than would be the
case if no flanges were used so as to bring its interior surface as close as possible
to the cooling liquid.
E E' indicate the jacket which encloses the flanges and which, to facilitate its
application, is advantageously formed in two parts as shewn in Figure 2; and
provided with flanges E, E to enable the parts to be connected together by
screws P. The jacket may be made in more than two parts.
V, V are screws for fixing the jacket to the cylinder flanges.
By this construction the cylinder presents a cooling surface which is greater than
that of an ordinary cylinder by the area of the faces of the flanges B, B.
S is the piston which is made hollow, as shewn, and U, U are the flanges therein
to increase the cooling surface. H is the hollow piston-rod communicating at one
end with the interior of the piston by the orifice O, and provided at the other end
with an arm M having nozzles L and J to which flexible tubes or the like for the
circulation of the cooling liquid are attached. The arm M is provided with a
channel N communicating at one end with the interior of the rod H and terminating
at the other end in the nozzle L, so that the cooling liquid ean pass through the said
channel and the rod H into the piston S by the orifice 0. The return current
passes through a tube I arranged in the rod Ĥ and connected by a channel I' in the
arm M, behind the channel N, to the nozzle J.
Instead of the cooling liquid being circulated through the piston it may be sprayed
against the interior of the same.
The piston shewn at Figures 3 and 4 is substantially the same as that shewn in
Figures 1 and 2, except that it is made longer and is consequently provided with a
greater number of flanges and has therefore more cooling surface. The piston-rod
is also dispensed with and the connecting-rod 2 connected directly with the piston.
the circulation being effected through tubes W and W'.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:
1. An engine cylinder having formed upon its exterior a series of flanges affording
a large area of cooling surface, substantially as described.
2. An engine cylinder having formed upon its exterior a series of flanges and
surrounded by a jacket, substantially as, and for the purpose, described.
3. An engine piston provided with means whereby a cooling fluid may be passed
therethrough, substantially as described.
4. An engine piston having a series of internal flanges and provided with means
for causing a current of cooling fluid therethrough, substantially as, and for the
purpose, described.
Dated the 29th day of October 1890.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicants.