matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF FLYERS AND IN LIFTING PLATES, TRAVELLERS, AND SPINDLES OR STUDS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING YARN OR THREAD, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Grant at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents," with his Petition, on the 28th July
1870.
I, JOHN GRANT, of Leicester, in the County of Leicester, formerly.
Manager of Thread and Doubling Works at Mansfield, in the County of
Nottingham, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
" IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF FLYERS AND IN LIFTING PLATES,
TRAVELLERS, AND SPINDLES OR STUDS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING YARN OR
THREAD, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as
follows:-
These improvements are applicable to spinning, doubling, and twisting
cotton, worsted, silk, linen, and other yarns and fibrous material in all
states regarding the use of flyers.
And they consist in the first place of an improvement on a flange,
collar, or bolster described in a Patent granted to me, dated the Twenty-
fifth day of March 1861, and numbered 744, which improvement consists
of a stem added to the top of a rotating flanged collar or bolster which
I make in the form of a tube.

page_text: In the second place. I employ improved lifting. plates or rails which
have circular or otherwise formed orifices; around each of these orifices I
form a groove in one side of each plate or on both sides thereof. These
lifting plates are caused to rise in the usual way.
I construct other shapes or arrangements of the travellers, shuttles, or
flyers as occasion may require.
In some cases, the shuttles or flyers have a race cut in them of sufficient
depth and width to receive or clip the edge of the circular or otherwise
formed orifices in the lifting plates. Each shuttle or flyer is pierced to
receive the arm of the fly, and each shuttle or flyer has a second hole
through which the thread to be twisted or doubled is passed, or the shuttle
or flyer may be. furnished with a wire guide or with eyes or equivalent
for that purpose. The shuttles or flyers are so constructed as to slide
upwards and downwards the fly arm and in the circular orifice in and
upon the groove or grooves of the lifting plates. The grooves and orifices
are so arranged that a traveller may be brought into each of them and
work on the ring and traveller plan of twisting and doubling. And this
arrangement is so adjusted that either the ring and traveller or the flyer
plan of spinning, doubling, and twisting may be applied to it, and in each
case I can leave the top open for rapid doffing.
I may employ a whirl and fly combined, which revolves on a stud or-
spindle secured on the bottom raik
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Harman at the Office of
thic Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd March
1870.
I, JAMES HARMAN, of No. 6, Griffin Court, May Fair, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
Railway carriages as at present constructed are usually provided with
a fixed step just below each of the doors of the carriage, but in many
cases these steps do not come within some inches of the edge of the
station platforms in order to allow clearance when a train runs past a
station. The steps are from this cause made very narrow, and numerous
accidents consequently arise, as persons, on account of the narrowness
of the step, frequently slip and fall when getting out from the carriage.
According to my Invention I apply below cach of the doors of a
railway carriage a step, which when the door is opened is moved
outwards from the carriage so as to come nearly up to the edge of a
station platform, or to project beyond and either above or below it, and
which when the door is closed is withdrawn, so that when the doors of

page_text: the carriages of a railway train are closed the edges of the steps are at a
distance from the station platforms. This I effect by carrying the steps
on hinged or swinging brackets fastened to the side of the rectangular
frame upon which the body of the carriage is built, so that the step can
cither be received under that part of the bottom of the carriage which
projects beyond this rectangular frame, or can be moved out from under
the bottom of the carriage to serve as a step. From the lower edge of
each door a pin projects which enters a hole in the step, so that when
the door is.opened the step is by this pin caused to move out from below
the bottom of the carriage and come close up to the station platform.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE OBTAINMENT OR PRODUCTION OF OXYGEN GAS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th February 1870.-A communication from abroad by Paul
Brocchi, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE OBTAINMENT OR PRODUCTION OF OXYGEN
GAS," a communication from abroad by Paul Brocchi, of Paris, in the
Empire of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the separation of oxygen gas from
the atmosphere and the obtaining of such abstracted gas for useful
purposes, and consists in effecting the solution of oxygen gas contained
in the atmosphere in water, alcohol, or other liquids which possess a
greater solvent power for oxygen than for nitrogen, that being the
other principal constituent. As the solubility of gases is dependent upon
the pressure
under which solution is effected it is preferred to operate at
high pressures, which are easily obtained by means of air and force
pumps. Atmospheric air is pumped by such or similar means under

page_text: pressure into water, for example, and the residual deoxygenized air is
allowed to escape by means of suitable valves, the gases, viz., a mixture
of oxygen and nitrogen, but in proportions different to those in which
they existed in the atmosphere, which are dissolved in the water or other
solvent, may by the diminution of pressure be allowed to escape, and
they being richer in oxygen may be directly employed, or these mixed
gases may again be submitted to a similar or to a series of similar
treatments until a gas containing the desired proportion of oxygen is
obtained. As-carbonic-acid-is-a-constant constituent of the atmosphere
I prefer to separate the same before manipulating with the atmospheric
are as before described, and for this purpose I pass such air through or
in contact with an alkali or an alkaline solution.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FORMING HOLES IN IRON CASTINGS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Pickering at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th April
1870.
I, JOHN PICKERING, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FORMING HOLES IN IRON CASTINGS," to be as follows, that is
to say: :--
In forming the holes in iron castings it is the present practice to drill
or bore them or to use sand cores, both of which methods are expensive
and uncertain. The present Invention then consists in so forming the
holes that their smoothness and true position are ensured, and at a
cheaper cost, by means of employing tubes of thin metal, for example,
tubes made of scrap sheet iron or scrap tinned iron which are inserted in
the moulds in which the castings are to be made; thus as the liquid
metal fills the mould it surrounds the tubes and the holes are therefore
preserved in proper position and the expense of drilling and making the
ordinary cores is avoided. When placed in the moulds the tubes are
filled with sand or other material, or a pin may be inserted therein.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLEANSING SHIPS' BOTTOMS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Steart at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th May
1870.
I, JAMES STEART, of No. 61, Saint James Road, Bermondsey, in the
County of Surrey, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLEANSING SHIPS' BOTTOMS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention is adapted for the use of iron ships or vessels fitted with
engines for steam power, and consists in the application of steam
obtained from the boiler of such engines to the exterior of the sides,
bottoms, or hulls of ships or vessels when fouled with animal or vegetable:
adhesions, and the effect of it is to destroy all animal or vegetable life
attached thereto or accumulated thereon, and to cause the same to drop
off or become detached, leaving the hull free and clean. The steam may
be applied either when the vessel is under weigh in moderate weather
or at anchor or in dock. The steam is obtained from the boiler of the
vessel's engines, and thence carried by piping to and connected with a
perforated iron pipe or pipes made solid or closed at the extreme end,
through the perforations in which the steam is propelled or projected

page_text: against the hull. The perforated pipe should be of sufficient length to
reach beneath the most submerged parts of the vessel, and should be bent
or curved near to the shape of the hull, and conveyed over the vessel's
side and then placed or hauled by ropes in position for use.
There may
be different pipes for different portions of the hull, or one or more may
be used, and in either case should be gradually shifted during the
operation, as may be requisite, till the whole surface has been acted
upon. The piping forming the connection between the perforated pipe
or pipes and the vessel's boiler should be fitted with all proper bends,
elbows, and swivel joints to enable it to be readily adjusted and applied
This piping, and also the perforated pipes, may be either of
continuous lengths, or of different lengths socketed together, according
to the requirements of the vessel. The steam and cleansing gear may
be applied by the crew of the vessel, and when the fouling is once
removed its periodical or occasional application will be found to keep
the hull perfectly clean for any length of voyage with but little
trouble.
for use.
The advantages of the foregoing improvement consist,-
First. In its simplicity and effectual accomplishment of the object,
where so many other plans have failed.
Second. In the small expence involved.
Third. In the great saving effected by its rendering unnecessary the
use of expensive anti-fouling composition.
Fourth. In the ease and speed with which it may be applied and the
fouling removed.
Fifth. In saving the heavy expense for docking and labour charges
usually attendant upon cleaning a ship's bottom after a long voyage.
And, lastly, in the increased speed and facility with which voyages
may be performed:
THE EMPLOYMENT OF AN IMPROVED MATERIAL FOR FORMING THE BODIES OR FOUNDATIONS OF HATS OR OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Baldwin Fulford Weatherdon
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 27th July 1870.-A communication from abroad by August
Leneven, of Passage Sainte Avoye, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, BALDWIN FULFORD WEATHERDON, of 77, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "THE EMPLOYMENT OF AN IMPROVED MATERIAL FOR
FORMING THE BODIES OR FOUNDATIONS OF HATS OR OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE
HEAD" (a communication from abroad by August Leneven, of Passage
Sainte Avoye, Paris, in the Empire of France), to be as follows (that
is to say):
My Invention has reference to an improved material for enabling the
bodies or foundations of hats, caps, ladies' bonnets, or other coverings for
the head to be readily formed into any required shape suitable for being
covered, lined, or otherwise with any or all of the various materials usually
employed for the said purpose, such as silk plush, felt, cotton, cloth, or
otherwise, and admit of the said hats being manufactured with solidity,
lightness, and free ventilation. And consists in employing for the said

page_text: bodies wire gauze or other similar fabric or material composed wholly or
partly of metal and other substances of any required strength or
texture, and causing the same to be blocked into the required shape by
any of the usual methods, and finally covered, lined, and finished as
aforesaid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN IMPARTING TO GLOBES BY MEANS OF CLOCKWORK THE VARIOUS PHENOMENA AND PHASES OF THE EARTH
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Jérome Napoléon Mouret
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 9th August 1870.
I, LOUIS JEROME NAPOLÉON MOURET, of No. 6, Rue des Filles du
Calvaire, Paris, in the Empire of France, Civil Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN IMPARTING
TO GLOBES BY MEANS OF CLOCKWORK THE VARIOUS PHENOMENA AND PHASES OF THE
EARTH," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to impart to globes the astronomical
life of the planet we inhabit, and to reproduce its various phenomena,
positions, and phases, which is effected by means of clockwork with
which the globe is put in communication.
The motive power originates in a barrel and spring, whose force is
directed on a pinion of the globe's axis; this pinion prevents any
oscillation of the globe, and bifurcates in two directions, the first of
which occurs in traversing the annual or orbital wheel, this traversing
of the wheel I term to diaphragm it, and descending returns towards
the centre which it had left, and again redescending reaches a shaft,
fulfilling four missions. Received at the first point of this shaft, which

page_text: is a pinion, the force descends to a bevil wheel, whence it directs itself
towards the pendulum, attaining the perpendicular, whence it is directed
towards the fly wheel of the globe wheelwork for effecting a rapid
rotation of the globe. These effects are produced by a metal eccentric
piece, which by means of a handle and shaft connects and disconnects
two detent nuts, and also acts as a brake by means of horsehair attached
thereto for stopping the fly and producing instant immobility when
desired. By aid of this shaft the three following conditions of the globe
are effected, that is to say, normal, rapid, and stationary, by pressing
the button of the shaft completely in, drawing it out; or completely
drawing it out. The globe is poised by means of weights traversed by
screws for adjusting them for effecting an equilibrium. Round the
globe is a circle showing the exact limit of illumination, and having
two openings for the passage of the shaft or axis of the globe. The
orbital wheel has 146 teeth, and turns only the 365 part of its cir-
cumference in 24 hours, and is governed by a 10-toothed wheel, which
in its turn is governed by a 25-toothed wheel governed by an endless
screw, which is itself governed by a similar screw by means of armatures
traversed by a shaft, and acts on it by aid of 3 pins, causing it to make
a revolution in 24 hours. A metal indicator points to the days and
months engraved on a disc, as well as the signs of the zodiac, and the
centre of illumination. The progress of the meridian of a place is shown
by a handle and point (attached to the last-named endless screw)
indicating on a metal dial having 24 divisions, which the point passes
over in 24 hours.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WOOD PAVING WITH OR WITHOUT RAILS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Norris at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th March
1870.
I, SAMUEL NORRIS, of 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris, in the Empire of France,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WOOD PAVING WITH OR WITHOUT RAILS," to be as follows:-
―:
My improvements relate in the first place to the wood paving without
rails, and in the second place to wood paving used in connection with
rails for running carriages upon, and in the third place to the means
employed for securely fastening the blocks together in one solid form.
After the surface of the road has been prepared I plank it longitudinally
or transversally with wood of appropriate thickness, well soaked in some
preserving material. I then, in some cases, plank across this first series
a second layer of planks, prepared in the same manner with a preserving
material. Upon this, which I call the foundation of the road, I dispose
the wood blocks, end of grain upwards, which are fastened by spikes or
treenails to the foundation. Between the wood blocks I leave appropriate
spaces by planks on edge, and equal in depth to about one half of the
height of the wood block from the bottom which rests upon the
foundation. The blocks themselves I fasten with spikes or treenails

page_text: to the upright separating planks and to the foundation. I also form the
foundation with cellular or other iron frames, supported by one or more
thicknesses of planking at the junction, in which frames I deposit the
wood blocks, leaving a certain space on two sides of them; these spaces,
as also the spaces left in the first described plan between the wood
blocks, I fill up with gravel or stone mixed with tar, ashphalte, or other
adhesive substance. Where rails are employed I use a peculiar con-
struction of rail, such that whilst it offers the same advantage that
the ordinary rail gives to the carriage wheel, it offers less resistance
to the crossing of ordinary vehicles. To this end its upper surface is
.depressed throughout its entire length over about two-thirds of its
width, the depth of this depression is equal to about one-third of the
thickness of the rail; it is on this depressed portion of the rail that
the carriage wheels run. I also support the rail by longitudinal sleepers
laid in with the wood blocks, and in this case I prefer the double planking
foundation as described, to which the rails should be trenailed or
-spiked. The gutters on each side I prefer to form with triangular or
diagonal balks of timber, laid in contact with the curb throughout the
length of the road.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Boyd at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
December 1870.-A communication from abroad by Alfredo Jahn,
of Carácas, South 'America.
I, ROBERT BOYD, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, of
67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS," a com-
munication to me from abroad by Alfredo Jahn, of Carácas, South
America, to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in furnishing steam boilers with a com-
bination of different flues and tubes inside the boiler arranged in such
manner that the fire may pass through some of such flues and return.
thro' others, thereby giving a large heating surface.
Further in furnishing steam boilers with two smoke boxes, one in
front and one at the back, each provided with door, by means of which
the flues and tubes may be cleaned from either end.

page_text: The improvements may be carried into effect by making the various
parts of metal in the ordinary way, and there may be two lower flues
for passage and entrance of the fire, and two upper for return and
exit; such tubes being placed at suitable distances from each other
and from the boiler plates that easy access may be had to all parts
for cleaning.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF GENERATING STEAM FOR THE PURPOSES OF THE STEAM ENGINE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Humphrey Henchman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th December 1870.
I, HUMPHREY HENCHMAN, of Bromley, in the County of Kent, Oivil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF GENERATING STEAM FOR THE PURPOSES OF THE STEAM
ENGINE," to be as follows:-
That whereas the ordinary furnaces of steam boilers are so in con-
nection with chimneys that the products of combustion and other hot
gases escape through the chimneys without being brought in direct
connection with the water or steam in the boilers, and thus carry to
waste a large quantity of heat, and in most instances also a large
quantity of unburnt fuel; and whereas the heat which evaporates the
steam is entirely communicated to the water through the conductive
agency of the material of which the boiler is made; the furnaces by
which the steam is evaporated by my method are not connected with a
chimney, but are so closed that the gases within them are at a pressure
slightly in excess of that of the steam in the boiler. Air which has

page_text: been compressed by means of a force pump or other appliance is passed
through one of the furnaces, carrying the whole of the hot gases and
other results of combustion into a second similar furnace or a series of
similar furnaces where unburnt fuel is entirely consumed, and the
combustion is complete; the whole of the hot gases then flow into the
boiler where they deposit any impurities, and finally pass with the steam
into the working cylinders of the engine. The boilers, furnaces, and
their connections are fitted with suitable valves to regulate the admission
of gases into the boilers and furnaces and to prevent a return flow of
water into the furnaces when opened for admission of fuel. By my
method of generating steam the whole of the heat of which the fuel is
capable is carried into the boiler, and being carried there directly the
large heating surface of ordinary steam generators is greatly diminished;
there is no loss of fuel through unskilful firing or scaling of the boiler,
and no chimney is required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING VEGETABLE FIBRES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harold Potter at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
March 1870.
I, HAROLD POTTER, of Fisherwick Doagh, near Belfast, in the County
of Antrim, Bleacher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING VEGETABLE FIBRES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, first, in steeping the fibres in chlorine liquor
of about 3 degrees Twaddle for about 12 to 18 hours; the fibres are then
removed and bowked for 2 or 3 hours in soda liquor containing about
3 lbs. of soda to 112 lbs. of fibres; the fibres are then washed and again.
submitted to the action of chlorine liquor till the bleaching is completed.
The above processes are particularly beneficial in bleaching flax, or the
waste of flax for paper pulp, but may be used for various other
purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TABLE ORNAMENTS KNOWN AS 'PLATEAUX
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Percival Jones at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
September 1870.
I, PERCIVAL JONES, of Dublin, in the Kingdom of Ireland, China
and Glass Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TABLE ORNAMENTS KNOWN AS
'PLATEAUX,'" to be as follows:---
This Invention consists in manufacturing table ornaments commonly
known as "plateaux," and which have hitherto been made chiefly of
metal, or of metal and glass combined, from pressed glass alone, the glass
whether plain, ornamental, or colored being pressed into moulds of any
desired form according to taste, such moulds having provision or not for
forming feet on the plateau at one and the same operation, and in one
piece with the said plateau; such plateaux may be made either in one
piece or in several parts, so as to make them easily lifted and capable of
forming circular as well as oval plateaux.

page_text: In some cases the plateau may be silvered on the back, the hollow in
the back being adapted for the reception of the silvering. Plateaux
constructed according to this Invention may be ornamented by cutting,
engraving, grinding, or polishing according to taste, and will present a
more elegant appearance than those of the present construction, whilst
at the same time their cost of manufacture is much reduced.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Lee at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th April
1870.
I, JAMES LEE, of Hipperholme, near Halifax, in the County of York,
Tanner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," (to be as follows) :-
This Invention relates to water wheels or cylinders, or the employment
of water applied to the periphery of a wheel or cylinder having buckets
or cavities thereon; and my improvements consist in conducting the
water, after having done its duty in turning the said wheel, from thence
to turn another similar bucket wheel or cylinder placed at a lower level.
The former wheel I intend to use for driving machinery of any suitable
description to which it may be applied, as heretofore, and the latter or
second wheel is to be employed to pump the water or a portion thereof
(after having done its duty there) back to be again supplied to the first
wheel or cylinder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING BEER
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thomas Read at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th November 1870.
I, WILLIAM THOMAS READ, of Old Saint Pancras Road, London, in
the County of Middlesex, Bottler of Beer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING BEER," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object the purification of beer, and consists
in mixing into such beer what is known as the chloride of aluminum,
or that product which is obtained by effecting the solution of alumina in
hydrochloric acid, or by other known means. By this treatment certain
organic impurities usually contained in beer are either rendered insoluble
or precipitated in a solid form. I employ the said chloride of aluminum
by preference as a solution of about one thousand one hundred and fifty
degrees of specific gravity, and I mix from one part to five parts of this
solution with one thousand parts of beer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES FOR RUNNING ON CIRCULAR RAILWAYS, AND IN THE MEANS OR METHOD OF PROPELLING THE SAME
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Waddington at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th August 1870.
I, ABRAHAM WADDINGTON, of Bradford, in the County of York,
Engineer and Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES FOR RUNNING ON CIRCULAR
RAILWAYS, AND IN THE MEANS OR METHOD OF PROPELLING THE SAME," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to carriages, vehicles, or wheels arranged in a
series and connected together, forming an endless train or chain to run
upon or around a circular or endless railway to be employed for pleasure
or amusement of people at fairs or other places of public resort, and
the improvements consist, firstly, in constructing such carriages,
vehicles, or wheels, so that when running the seats or saddles will have
a rising and falling motion, and may also have a rocking motion
imparted to them. For this purpose the said seats or saddles are
mounted each separately on a rod or bar which is connected by a strap
to an eccentric fixed on the axis of each of the wheels respectively, the
said rods or bars being capable of sliding or reciprocating through one

page_text: or more guide bearings in the framework so as to maintain them in
suitable positions. In order to equalize the propelling power the
wheels are connected in pairs by a rod and cranks, and the eccentrics
are arranged so that when one wheel of the pair is lifting the other is
lowering its seat or saddle. For the propulsion of these carriages,
vehicles, or wheels upon the rails, or around the railway, they are each
connected to a concentric gear or toothed ring wheel, and a steam
engine and boiler are fixed in the centre of the circle thereof, which by
means of suitably arranged shafting, cranks, and wheels to gear with
the ring wheel gives circulatory motion to the train or chain of
carriages, vehicles, or wheels. One of the said carriages is constructed
in the form or character of a locomotive engine having a whistle
mounted thereon, and a steam pipe connected thereto and to the
boiler by a suitable stuffing box, so that the attendant by turning on
the steam can produce a whistling sound therefrom at any time
required.
STEERING TELL-TALES FOR VESSELS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Augustus Inglefield at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th May 1870.
".
I, EDWARD AUGustus Inglefield, of 10, Grove End Road, St. John's
Wood, in the County of Middlesex, Rear Admiral in the Royal Navy,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
STEERING TELL-TALES FOR VESSELS," to be as follows:-
:-
My improvements have for their object the construction of a tell-tale
to indicate the position of the helm of a vessel by day and by night
visible at a distance as well as near. For this purpose I connect to the
rudder or any convenient part of the steering gear a lamp with screens
and glasses of various colours, so that either the lamp is moved by the
motion of the steering gear, or the screens and glasses are moved in a
similar way. The light of the lamp shining through one or other of the
coloured glasses indicates by night the position of the helm, and by day
the colour exposed by the movement of the screens gives a similar
indication.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS OR COCKS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ricketts at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
January 1870.
I, JOHN RICKETTS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Accountant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN TAPS OR COCKS," to be as follows :-
The object of this Invention is to provide means for securely locking
the operating handles of taps or cocks in any desired position.
For this purpose I employ in combination with any such handle a
pressure spring latch.
In a tap or cock with a barrel I fit in, on, or to the outer end of such
barrel a pressure piece and a spiral or other spring, and I form notches
or indentations at suitable distances apart on the body of the tap or cock.
When it is desired to lock the tap in a closed, open, or partly open
position the handle is moved so as to allow the latch to be forced into
.the.
e.proper notch or indentation by the spring.
AN IMPROVED TABLE FORK
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ingham at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st August
1870..
I, JOHN INGHAM, of Halifax, in the County of York, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
TABLE FORK," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention consists in combining and constructing a fork and a
spoon in one article in such manner that each part thereof can be used
for its ordinary purpose. The fork or the prongs are formed on or in the
dish end of the spoon of any suitable length, and may either be in a
right line, or oblique, or at right angles to the handle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ABSORBING THE OVERFLOW OF OIL IN HYDROCARBON AND OTHER LAMPS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher Wood at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th April
1870. A communication from abroad by Leon Eugene Cameron
Moore and James Shockey Hamilton, of Pittston, Pennsylvania,
in the United States of America.
I, CHRISTOPHER WOOD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ABSORBING THE OVERFLOW OF OIL IN
HYDROCARBON AND OTHER LAMPS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in applying to hydrocarbon and other lamps a
simple attachment to absorb the oil overflowing from the burner or from
the reservoir.
Around the brass or mount of the burner in any suitable position is
placed a coil or other arrangement of absorbent material of any suitable
description, by preference employing a coil of common blotting paper
surrounding the brass and confined by a band of thin metal capable of
expansion and contraction to suit varying sizes of lamps, which band

page_text: acts as a spring holder for the absorbing material; other material than
metal may be used for the band if preferred, and in case of employing
a more solid absorbing material the band may in some instances be
dispensed with.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING COAL AND OTHER MINERAL
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Edmund Donisthorpe at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd March 1870.
I, GEORGE EDMUND DONISTHORPE, of Bedale, in the County of York,
Machanist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING COAL AND OTHER MINERAL," to be as
follows:-
Heretofore in apparatus for cutting grooves in coal and other minerals
reciprocating picks worked to and fro in a straight line and mounted on
a carriage caused to move along slowly in front of the face of the coal or
mineral have been employed.
According to my Invention in place of simply giving a rectilinear
to-and-fro movement to the pick or cutter I impart to it a compound
motion, so that at the same time that a forward motion is given to the
pick to cause it to strike its blow the point of the pick may be moved
sideways, and caused to force the small or slack cut away by the cutter
backwards along the groove previously cut.

page_text: According to one arrangement I effect this by fixing the stem of the
pick to a bed or bar carried by two horizontal and parallel links or
radius rods, like the links of a parallel ruler, so that when the bed and
pick carried by it moves forward to strike a blow the pick point will
move in a curved course.
According to another arrangement I pivot the stem of the pick at a
point intermediate of its length to a bed or bar similarly carried by
parallel links or mounted in guides so that it can slide endwise to and
fro, and to the rear-end-of-the-stem-of-the-pick-I-joint-a-long-link-or
radius rod, which at its opposite end turns on a fixed or moveable centre
so placed that as the pick moves forward in striking its blow the pick
shall simultaneously be turned on its pivot, and the point of the pick be
thus caused to move backwards along the groove previously cut in the
coal or mineral.
IMPROVE- KENTS IN TREATING SOUR BEER TO REMOVE ITS ACIDITY
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Juby Coleman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th January 1870.
I, WILLIAM JUBY COLEMAN, of Bury Saint Edmunds, in the County of
Suffolk, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
KENTS IN TREATING SOUR BEER TO REMOVE ITS ACIDITY," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in treating sour beer
to remove its acidity.
I effect the removal of acetic acid from beer or ale, part of whose
alcohol has suffered oxidation into acetic acid, which I call the de-aceti-
fication of acid beer or ale, by passing or percolating the said acid beer
or ale once or more, with or without exhaustion of air, through a column
of vegetable matter packed in a suitable vessel, so that the acid of the
beer or ale may be retained by the filtering medium. Several vegetable
substances, as, for example, dried grains, wheat, chaff, bran, dried and
cut potatoes, may be used for this purpose. But this power of de-aceti-
fication is not confined to the materials specified, but appears, according
to my investigations hitherto, to extend to all vegetable substances,

page_text: whether silicious, amylaceous, or albuminous in their general character,
which are capable of being packed so as to form a percolating medium.
The substance, however, which I have found hitherto most convenient,
practicable, and effective is the dried muck left after the infusion of
malt in making beer or ale worts, and known as "brewers' grains.”
THE MANUFACTURE OF A POWDER FROM BEET, CARROT, PARSNIP, MANGOLD WURZEL, OR OTHER SACCHARINE ROOTS, TO BE USED AS A SUB- STITUTE FOR CHICORY FOR MIXING WITH COFFEE, OR FOR SEPERATE USE AS A BEVERAGE, BOILED OR INFUSED, AND WHICH I DESIGNATE GRANULE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Howard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
October 1870.
I, JOHN HOWARD, Grocer, &c. of Victoria House, West End, Alder-
shot, in the County of Southampton, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "THE MANUFACTURE OF A POWDER FROM BEET, CARROT,
PARSNIP, MANGOLD WURZEL, OR OTHER SACCHARINE ROOTS, TO BE USED AS A SUB-
STITUTE FOR CHICORY FOR MIXING WITH COFFEE, OR FOR SEPERATE USE AS A BEVERAGE,
BOILED OR INFUSED, AND WHICH I DESIGNATE GRANULE," to be as follows:-
:-
The sugar having been extracted from the beet, carrot, parsnip,
mangold wurzel, or other saccharine roots, I first dry the residual pulp
by kiln or otherwise, I then roast it, and subsequently reduce it to
powder.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR CLEANING WOOL AND SEPARATING THE GREASE THEREFROM
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Paul Toepler at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
April 1870.
I, PAUL TOEPLER, of Gracechurch Street, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
PROCESS FOR CLEANING WOOL AND SEPARATING THE GREASE THEREFROM," to be
as follows:
This Invention is designed for cleaning all kinds of wool, especially
raw wool, and freeing it from grease by a cold process instead of by
heat as heretofore for cleaning and freeing the wool from the grease it
contains. The wool to be cleaned is placed in a cold bath of amyl
alcohol and left therein until all grease is removed from the wool. After
removing the chemical compound formed by the amyl alcohol combining
with the grease in the wool the wool remains clean and free from grease.
By the above improved process less waste of the wool is occasioned.
If desirable the wool may be afterwards washed in cold water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRASS-HEADED NAILS, SCREW RINGS, AND RIVETS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Lowe and Henry John
Farnol at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd May 1870.
We, EDWIN LOWE, and HENRY JOHN FARNOL, of New Street,
Aston-justa-Birmingham, Brassfounders, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRASS-HEADED
NAILS, SCREW RINGS, AND RIVETS," to be as follows:-
The head of the nail is first cut out of strong rolled brass or other
metal, or may be made of drawn wire, by means of an ordinary press, a
hole is then punched or drilled in the centre of the.blank head. It is
afterwards shaped and fastened to an iron or other spike by an ordinary
stamp or press. The same process is applied in making and fastening
the head of a ring screw or rivet.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR REDUCING 'ISINGLASS OR BREWERS' FININGS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Gale and Henry Ormston
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 12th August 1870.
We, JAMES GALE and HENRY ORMSTON, both of Sunderland, in the
County of Durham, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR REDUCING 'ISINGLASS OR BREWERS' FININGS,"
to be as follows:-
Our improved machine consists of a vessel with perforated sides in
which we dispose mechanical stirrers, mounted on central vertical shafts.
to be rotated in opposite directions by power applied through suitable
gearing. The stirrers or blades on one shaft are feathered in the opposite
direction to those of the other, the blades being also curved. We provide
brushes on the ends of the blades, which brushes are in close contact
with the perforated sides. The softened isinglass is introduced into the
vessel and the apparatus being put in motion the feathered blades agitate
and break up the large pieces of isinglass, which when reduced to a
sufficiently fine pulp is expressed by the brushes through the perforated
sides of the vessel in condition for use as finings.
IMPROVED MEANS FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th April 1871.-A communication from abroad by Jean
Joseph Etienne Lenoir, of Paris, France.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS FOR
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION," to be as follows:-
:-
To obviate the inconveniences which frequently arise from inter-
ruptions in telegraphing, especially in damp weather and while the
atmosphere is charged with electricity, it is proposed to make the sca
to act as the liquid of the battery, while the earth forms the vase or
receptacle which contains it. For this purpose, supposing it is desired
to connect telegraphically two distant scaports, at one place there is
immersed in the sea zinc, and at the other copper, which will together
constitute a battery ready to operate. It is only necessary to close the
circuit to set the battery in operation, and this is done by a simple
submerged metallic conductor. The two telegraph stations, say, Cher-
bourg and Falmouth, are connected together by a metallic wire, covered

page_text: with lead or with any other suitable substance. To explain, let us take
Cherbourg as the transmitting station. At Falmouth a coil of copper
wire is immersed in the sea; one end of this coil communicates with one
terminal of the receiving apparatus, the other terminal of which is
connected with the cable. At Cherbourg one terminal of the transmitting
apparatus is connected to a series of zinc plates immersed in the sea,
and when it is desired to send a spark to Falmouth, it is only necessary
to close the circuit from the second terminal to the cable, in fact to
make and break the circuit, and thus to work the apparatus at
Falmouth.
From the preceding explanation it will be understood that the sea,
or a sheet of water, or a river may be employed in the making of a pile,
the positive pole at the one station being in communication with the
water, and the negative. pole at the other station being also in com-
munication with the water, and thus the return of the current by carth
is prevented. When the river or sea to be traversed by the electric
current does not communicate with a town, a sufficiently deep well
must be dug to communicate with the river or sheet of water.
Reservoirs of acidulated or salt water can be constructed, and so placed
as to communicate through porous substances with the river or sea.
For land lines the wires are attached to posts by metallic pieces so as
to insulate them from the posts.
TREATMENT AND APPLICATION OF THE TIPHA LATIFOLIA, ANGLICE HORSE-TAIL, FOR UPHOLSTERY PURPOSES, AND MORE PARTICULARLY FOR MAKING FLOATING MATTRESSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Horace Brandon at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th July 1871.-A communication from Leopold Lopez de
Gonzalo and Silvin Grisei, both of Sanpierdarena, Italy.
I, ALEXANDER HORACE BRANDON, of 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for the
"TREATMENT AND APPLICATION OF THE TIPHA LATIFOLIA, ANGLICE HORSE-TAIL,
FOR UPHOLSTERY PURPOSES, AND MORE PARTICULARLY FOR MAKING FLOATING
MATTRESSES," a communication to me by Leopold Lopez de Gonzalo and
Silvin Grisei, both of Sanpierdarena, Italy, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to utilise as stuffing for furniture,
and more particularly for floating mattresses, the plant known as horse-
tail or Tipha latifolia. . For this purpose I submit it to a proper treat-
ment which increases its natural floating qualities and then manufacture

page_text: it into suitable forms, preferably into usual ship's mattresses, which I
furnish with cords or other attachments by which the person or persons
to be saved can hold to the same as they float upon the water. I give
to such a floating mattress or apparatus the name of "Stromasotère."
THE APPLICATION OF A NEW MATERIAL TO THE MANUFACTURE OF STRAW PLAIT HATS, BONNETS, AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Barford at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
June 1871.
I, FREDERICK BARFORD, of Chequer Street, St. Albans, in the
County of Herts, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"THE APPLICATION OF A NEW MATERIAL TO THE MANUFACTURE OF STRAW PLAIT
HATS, BONNETS, AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention has for its object the application of a new vegetable
material imported from South America, and elsewhere, and at present
commercially known as Ecuador straw, to the manufacture of straw
plait hats, bonnets, and other coverings for the head, whereby articles
so manufactured are rendered far superior to similar articles manu-
factured of any other description of straw, either in regard to lightness,
flexibility, or softness.
By employing this new material in the manufacture of straw hats
resembling "Panama hats "
a very superior article is produced of
improved quality, and at less cost.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR UTILIZING THE SPENT PICKLE OF THE TIN PLATE AND KINDRED MANUFACTURES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Joseph Madge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd July 1871.
I, HENRY JOSEPH MADGE, of Swansea, in the County of Glamorgan,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR UTILIZING THE SPENT PICKLE OF THE TIN PLATE AND
KINDRED MANUFACTURES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is so to treat the spent liquor or pickle
in which iron or "black" plates are steeped, for the purpose of cleansing
them, prior to receiving a coating of metal in the manufacture of tin
and terne plates, as to utilize the whole of the spent liquor without
the necessity for reusing any of it for the purpose of preparing the
iron or "black" plate.
The pickle consists of dilute sulphuric acid, and by its action upon the
iron sheets submitted to it a portion of iron is dissolved and taken up
into the pickle. When the pickle has taken up a certain proportion of
iron its action becomes sluggish, and it is usual for manufacturers to

page_text: run off and throw away the liquor or after having obtained a small
deposit therefrom of sulphate of iron to throw away the mother liquor,
or to return it into the pickling vessel for re-use.
My improved process consists in running the spent pickle after it
has been separated from the sawdust or other material used in the
pickling process or substitute for sawdust into a vessel or vessels
heated by the direct action of fire or by steam or by waste heat from
an adjacent furnace, and charging these vessels with scrap iron or
shearings from the plates or ground cinder. The temperature of this
spent pickle I keep up to or about the degree at which it was used to
act upon the plates, and by this means I cause it to take up an
increased proportion of iron. When the liquor has become saturated
or nearly so I run it off into other vessels and allow it to cool. On
cooling a large deposit of crystals (sulphate of iron) will be formed,
and the mother liquor from the crystallizing vessels I return to the
vessels charged with scrap iron. Into these vessels I run a fresh
portion of the spent pickle and proceed as before, renewing from time
to time the supply of scrap iron so as to keep it always in excess of the
demands of the liquor. In this manner I work the liquor over and
over again and cause it to deposit its crystals after each fresh saturation.