Improvements in the Process of Roasting Malted or Unmalted Grain or Seed and in Machinery or Apparatus Employed therein.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Nov., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 28th Aug., 1889-Accepted, 23rd Nov., 1889..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Process of Roasting Malted or Unmalted Grain
or Seed and in Machinery or Apparatus Employed therein.
I ALEXANDER PERRY of 71 Fairfield Road, Bow, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The principal object of my invention is to more perfectly roast grain or seed to the
degree necessary to enable it to be successfully used in the preparation of colouring
matter to be employed in the manufacture of beer and for other uses,
but I may
also employ such roasted malted or unmalted grain or seed for other purposes.
When roasting grain or seed in bulk by the means hitherto employed it is prac-
tically impossible from various causes and more especially in consequence of the
unequal manner in which the heat attacks the mass and the different sizes and
qualities of the grains or seeds under treatment to roast them all to one uniform
degree.
Now according to my invention I select and withdraw from the roasting apparatus
from time to time during the roasting operation such of the grains or seeds as are
roasted to the required degree leaving those that are not fully roasted to be further
acted upon by the heat employed.
In carrying my invention into effect I take advantage of the fact that when grain
or seed is roasted to a certain degree the constituents thereof become gelatinized,
aglutinated or caramelized causing the grains or seeds to adhere together and it is
at this stage of the roasting operation that I from time to time remove such grains
or seeds from the roasting apparatus.
For this purpose I employ any suitable apparatus which will sift or select and
withdraw such grains or seeds as have adhered together from those which are not yet
completely roasted.
The machinery or apparatus I preferably employ for this purpose is constructed
as follows:-
Within a case or chamber through which pass the products of combustion from a
furnace I arrange a revolving drum or cylinder within which the grain or seed is
roasted and I form this drum or cylinder with hollow necks or axes which are
mounted with capability of revolving in bearings carried by a hinged frame to which
is attached the upper part of the case or chamber and I provide the roasting cylinder
with a suitable covered opening through which it may be charged..
Within the drum or cylinder and revolving therewith are arranged several rakes or
combs formed preferably of a number of curved blades or teeth of thin steel which act
to turn over or agitate and at the required times sift and select the material under
treatment and I may support these blades or teeth at some point intermediate of
their length by means of bars fixed in the ends of the roasting cylinder.
Intermediate of the rakes or combs I mount within the roasting cylinder: a number
of metal coils each alternate coil being twisted into the form of a right band screw
thread and each intermediate coil being twistid into the form of a left hand screw
thread so that in the revolution of the cylinder the material under treatment will
receive a lateral to and fro movement therefrom and I mount these coils upon eccentric
so that they may be adjusted in relation to the periphery of the roasting
axes
cylinder.
Passing through the roasting cylinder and mounted in bearings carried by the.
hinged frame is a hollow shaft or tube which is normally fixed in relation to its
bearings but is capable of receiving a partial revolution at the times desired by means,
of a suitable lever.
That part of this hollow shaft within the roasting cylinder which is normally

page_text: uppermost has a slot or opening formed therein through which the finished grain
is delivered by the rakes or combs but this slot or opening is by the partial revolution
of the hollow shaft turned out of the way when the roasting cylinder is being charged;
or by charging the roasting cylinder at the side instead of at the top I may obviate
the necessity for partially revolving the hollow shaft and permanently fix it in its
bearings.
Within the hollow shaft and fixed upon a shaft or spindle which is caused to
revolve with the roasting cylinder is a screw conveyor which acts to traverse the
finished material fed into the hollow shaft by the rakes or combs to the delivery
aperture.
Or I may employ two screw conveyors one right handed and the other left
handed and two delivery apertures and deliver half the finished material at each
end of the hollow shaft.
I give motion to the roasting cylinder through suitable gearing from any source of
power and I counterbalance the hinged frame and parts carried thereby so that they
may readily be raised or turned back out of the way when it is desired to suddenly
arrest the roasting operation or when access is desired to be had to the roasting cylinder
for charging or other purposes.
In addition to the ordinary smoke stack or shaft 1 may employ an additional
shaft fitted with a suitable damper in order to assist in regulating the heat of the
furnace.
The teeth of the combs may be mounted upon their shafts with capability of spacing
them to suit different sizes of grains or seeds.
The action of the apparatus is as follows. The roasting cylinder having been
charged is set in motion when the metal coils will impart a lateral to and fro move-
ment to the mass of material and the combs or rakes will by their rotary motion and
vibration consequent on their flexibility agitate and separate the grains or seeds until
the roasting has been carried so far that some of them adhere together when these will
be lifted by the combs or rakes and caused to fall through the slot or opening into the
hollow shaft whence they will be delivered by the screw conveyor to the outlet or
outlets and this operation will be continued so long as any grains or seeds remain
in the roasting cylinder.
The unmalted grain or seed may previous to the roasting operation be steeped,
soaked or washed if desired.
D DOLL 1
1000
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Process of Roasting Malted or Unmalted Grain
or Seed and in Machinery or Apparatus Employed therein.
I ALEXANDER PERRY of 71 Fairfield Road Bow in the County of Middlesex
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement
The principal object of my invention is to more perfectly roast grain or seed to the
degree necessary to enable it to be successfully used in the preparation of colouring
matter to be employed in the manufacture of beer and for other uses but I may also
employ such roasted malted or unmalted grain or seed for other purposes.
When roasting grain or seed in bulk by the means hitherto employed it is prac-
tically impossible from various causes and more especially in consequence of the
unequal manner in which the heat attacks the mass and the different sizes and
qualities of the grains or seeds under treatment to roast them all to one uniform
degree.
Now according to my invention I select and withdraw from the roasting apparatus

page_text: from time to time during the roasting operation such of the grains or seeds as are
roasted to the required degree leaving those that are not fully roasted to be further
acted upon by the heat employed.
In carrying my invention into effect I take advantage of the fact that when
grain or seed is roasted to a certain degree the constituents thereof become gelatinized
agglutinated or caramelized causing the grains or seeds to adhere together and it
is at this stage of the roasting operation that I from time to time remove such
grains or seeds from the roasting apparatus.
For this purpose I employ any suitable apparatus which will sift or select and
withdraw such grains or seeds as have adhered together from those which are not
yet completely roasted.
The machinery or apparatus I preferably employ for this purpose is constructed
as follows.
Within a case or chamber through which pass the products of combustion from
a furnace I arrange a revolving drum or cylinder within which the grain or seed
is roasted and I form this drum or cylinder with hollow necks or axes which are
mounted with capability of revolving in bearings carried by a hinged frame to which
is attached the upper part of the case or chamber and I provide the roasting cylinder
with a suitable covered opening through which it may be charged.
Within the drum or cylinder and revolving therewith are arranged several
rakes or combs formed preferably of a number of curved blades or teeth of thin
steel which act to turn over or agitate and at the required times sift and select the
material under treatment and I may support these blades or teeth at some point
intermediate of their length by means of bars fixed on the ends of the roasting
cylinder.
Intermediate of the rakes or combs I mount within the roasting cylinder a
number of metal coils each alternate coil being twisted into the form of a right
hand screw thread and each intermediate coil being twisted into the form of a
left hand screw thread so that in the revolution of the cylinder the material under
treatment will receive a lateral to and fro movement therefrom and I mount these
coils upon eccentric axes so that they may be adjusted in relation to the periphery
of the roasting cylinder.
Passing through the roasting cylinder and mounted in bearings carried by the
hinged frame is a hollow shaft or tube which is normally fixed but is capable of
receiving a partial revolution at the times desired by means of a suitable lever.
That part of this hollow shaft within the roasting cylinder which is normally
uppermost has a slot or opening formed therein through which the finished grain is
delivered by the rakes or combs but this slot or opening is by the partial revolution
of the hollow shaft turned out of the way when the roasting cylinder is being charged;
or by charging the roasting cylinder at the side instead of at the top I may obviate
Ι
the necessity for partially revolving the hollow shaft and permanently fix it in its
bearings.
Within the hollow shaft and fixed upon a shaft or spindle which is caused to revolve
with the roasting cylinder is a screw conveyor which acts to traverse the finished
material fed into the hollow shaft by the rakes or combs to the delivery aperture.
Or I may employ two screw conveyors one right handed and the other left handed
and two delivery apertures and deliver half of the finished material at each end of the
hollow shaft.
I give motion to the roasting cylinder through suitable gearing from any source of
power and I counterbalance the hinged frame and parts carried thereby so that they
may be readily raised or turned back out of the way when it is desired to suddenly
arrest the roasting operation or when access is desired to be had to the roasting
cylinder for repairing or other purposes.
In addition to the ordinary smoke stack or shaft I may employ a second shaft fitted
with a suitable damper in order to assist in regulating the heat of the furnace.
The teeth of the combs may be mounted upon their shafts with capability of spacing
them to suit different sizes of grains or seeds.

page_text: των συναρ
soaked or washed if desired.
And in order that the said Invention may be more clearly understood and readily
carried into effect I will proceed aided by the accompanying drawings more fully
to describe the same.
"
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1. is a front elevation of a macbine constructed according to my invention.
Figure 2. is a side elevation thereof.
Figure 3. is a plan thereof.
Figure 4. is a vertical transverse section thereof taken on the line 1-1 of Figure 3.
Figure 5. is a longitudinal section thereof taken on the line 2-2 of Figure 3.
Figure 6. is a vertical transverse section of part of the machine illustrating a slight
modification.
Figures 7 and 8 represent respectively a side view and plan of a portion of a rake
or comb drawn to an enlarged scale.
Figures 9 and 10 are similar views representing a modification and
Figures 11 and 12 are similar views representing a further modification.
a represents a chamber the upper part of which is formed by a casing or cover a¹.of
metal and the lower part of which is formed of brickwork walls a² preferably encased
in metal and a³ represents a furnace the products of combustion from which pass
through the case or chamber a and away by the smoke stack or shaft a*.
Within the case or chamber a I arrange a revolving drum or cylinder b formed of
iniperforate sheet metal and within which the grain or seed is roasted and I form this
drum or cylinder 6 with hollow necks or axes 6' which are mounted with capability of
revolving in roller bearings c¹ carried by a frame c mounted upon a hinge or centre
of motion c² carried by the lower part a² of the case or chamber a and to which frame c
is attached the upper part a' of the case or chamber a.
The drum or cylinder b is provided with a suitable opening 62, closed by a
sliding cover 6, through which it may be charged and the upper part a' of the case or
chamber a is furnished with a corresponding opening a closed by a cover a for
the same purpose.
Within the drum or cylinder 6 and so mounted as to revolve therewith are arranged
several rakes combs or sieves d preferably formed of curved blades or teeth of thin
steel which act to turn over or agitate and at the required time sift and select the
material under treatment and the shafts or axes d³ of these combs or rakes. d are
mounted with capability of revolution in the ends of the cylinder 6 whilst the blades
or teeth are supported at some point intermediate of their length by means of bars b
fixed in the ends of the roasting cylinder b so that as they rise in the revolution of the
cylinder b they will be supported by such bars but as they descend they will tumble
over as shown in Figure 5 and shake off any adherent material.
Intermediate of the rakes or combs d I mount within the roasting cylinder ba
number of metal coils e each formed of a length of metal of any suitable section
each alternate coil being twisted into the form of a right hand screw thread and each
intermediate coil being twisted into the form of a left hand screw thread so that in the
revolution of the roasting cylinder b the material under treatment will be stirred or
agitated thereby and receive a lateral to and fro movement therefrom.
1 mount each of these coils e upon axes e¹ which pass through the sides of the
roasting cylinder b and are threaded to receive janib nuts e2 and I arrange the axes el
eccentrically in relation to the centre of the coil e so that by loosening the jamb nuts e
and turning the coil upon its axes e¹ its position may be adjusted in relation to the
periphery of the roasting cylinder b.
Passing through the roasting cylinder bis a hollow shaft or tube f which is
mounted at one end in roller bearings c³ carried by the frame c and at the other end
in similar bearings 6 carried by the neck or axis of the roasting cylinder band this
hollow shaft or tube f is capable of receiving a partial revolution at the times desired
by means of a lever f¹ hinged to a lug or projection f' upon a collar or fitting f³

page_text: which surrounds one end of the hollow shaft or tube f but it is normally fixed in one
position by the lever f¹ engaging a recessed projection et carried by the frame c as
shown at Figures 1 and 4.
That part of the hollow shaft or tube f within the roasting cylinder 6 which is
normally uppermost has a slot or opening f* formed therein through which the
finished grain is delivered into the interior of the hollow shaft or tube by the rakes
or combs d but when the roasting cylinder 6 is about to be charged the hollow shaft
or tube fis by the aid of the lever f¹ turned a partial revolution so that the slot or
opening f* will be out of the way during the charging operation and will not be liable
to intercept grain passing into the machine.
Within the hollow shaft or tube f and fixed upon a shaft or spindle g¹ is a screw
conveyor g and this shaft or spindle g is at one end mounted with capability of
revolving in a bearing f5 carried by the closed end of the hollow shaft or tube f
whilst at the other or open end thereof it is fixed in a boss 67 of a cross head or bar 66
which at its ends is bolted to one of the necks or axes 61 of the roasting cylinder b so
that the screw conveyor g will be caused always to revolve with the roasting cylinder b
and thus act to deliver the finished material fed into the hollow shaft or tube f by the
rakes or combs d at the open end of the hollow shaft or tube f.
Motion is given to the roasting cylinder through a toothed wheel / fixed upon one
of the necks or axes and engaging a pinion h¹ fixed upon a short shaft h² carried by
the frame c upon which shaft h is also fixed a band wheel or pulley ³ which receives
motion from any suitable source of power.
The hinged frame c and parts carried thereby are counterbalanced by means of a
weight i suspended by one end of a chain i¹ which passes around guide pulleys i² and
is at its other end attached to the frame c so that such frame c and connected parts
may be readily raised or turned back upon the hinge or centre of motion e² out of the
way when it is desired to suddenly arrest the roasting operation or when access is
desired to be had to the roasting cylinder for repairing or other purposes.
In addition to the ordinary smoke stack or shaft at I may employ a second smoke
stack or shaft a fitted with a suitable damper as in order to assist in regulating the
heat from the furnace.
In the modification represented at Figure 6. the charging aperture 6² is placed at
the side of the roasting cylinder 6 instead of at the top and the charging aperture a of
the casing a¹ is correspondingly arranged so that when the roasting cylinder 6 is being
charged the material will fall clear of the hollow shaft or tube f and I thus obviate the
necessity for partially revolving the hollow shaft fin order to turn its slot 4 out of
the way during the charging operation and I am enabled to fix such hollow shaft
permanently in its bearings.
In this example I have also illustrated the employment of a conveyor g
formed
one half with a right hand and the other half with a left hand screw and adapted
to deliver half of the finished material at each end of the hollow shaft or tube f
such tube f being formed open at each end for that purpose.
The construction of the rakes or combs d is shown more particularly at Figures 7
to 12 in which Figures 7 and 8 represent number of blades or teeth d¹ formed
of thin rod metal and with bosses d2 at their inner ends to receive a shaft d³ to which
they are welded or brazed.
In the modified construction of rake or comb represented at Figures 9 and 10 the
blades or teeth d¹ are formed of tapered steel and with bosses d² at their inner ends
provided with square holes therethrough to receive a square shaft d³ which is at its
ends d formed round and with a screw thread to receive nuts d³ by means of which
the bosses d2 of the blades or teeth d¹ are held solidly together.
In the arrangement represented at Figures 11 and 12 the parts are similar to those
shown and described with respect to Figures 9 and 10 but in this example distance
pieces or washers d are shown placed between the bosses d² in order to space them in
the manner required so that by employing a greater or lesser number of distance
pieces de the blades or teeth di may be spaced to suit different sizes of grains or
seeds.

page_text: The action of the apparatus is as follows. The roasting cylinder 6 having been
charged is set in motion when the metal coils e will stir and impart a lateral to and
fro movement to the mass of material and the combs or rakes d by their rotary
motion and vibration consequent upon their flexibility will agitate and separate the
grains or seeds until the roasting has been carried so far that some of them adhere
together when these will fail to pass between the teeth or blades of the combs or
rakes d but will be lifted thereby and caused to fall through the slot or opening f
into the hollow shaft or tube f whence they will be delivered by the screw conveyor g
to the outlet or outlets whilst any grains adhering to the combs or rakes d will be
shaken off by their tumbling action and these operations will be continued so long as
any grains or seeds remain in the roasting cylinder b.
I would here remark that I have herein shown and described an apparatus that I
have found to answer well in carrying out my process but I do not confine myself
thereto as it will be evident that I may employ any other suitable apparatus which will
sift or select and withdraw such grains or seeds as have adhered together from those
which are not completely roasted.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. The improvements in the process of roasting grain consisting in sifting or
selecting and withdrawing from the roasting cylinder those grains which are com-
pletely roasted and have adhered together leaving behind to be further treated
those grains which are not fully roasted and have not adhered together substantially
as herein described.
2. In machinery or apparatus for roasting grain one or more combs or rakes for
selecting or sifting and withdrawing the completely roasted grains from those which
are not fully roasted substantially as herein shown and described.
3. In machinery or apparatus for roasting grain the combination with a roasting
cylinder of one or more combs or rakes operating substantially as herein shown
and described.
4. In machinery or apparatus for roasting grain the combination of a roasting
cylinder one or more combs or rakes a hollow shaft or tube provided with a slot
or opening in its upper side and a delivery opening or openings and a screw
conveyor all arranged and operating in manner substantially as herein shown and.
described and for the purpose stated.
5. In machinery or apparatus for roasting grain the combination of a roasting
cylinder one or more combs or rakes a hollow shaft or tube provided with a slot or
opening in its upper side and a delivery opening or openings and capable of being
partially revolved and a screw conveyor all arranged and operating in manner sub-
stantially as herein shown and described and for the purpose stated.
6. In machinery or apparatus for roasting grain the combination of a roasting
cylinder enclosed within a case or chamber one or more combs or rakes a hollow
shaft or tube provided with a slot or opening on its upper side a screw conveyor and
a hinged counterbalanced frame supporting such parts and the upper part of the
casing or chamber all arranged and operating in manner substantially as herein shown
and described and for the purpose stated.
Dated this 28th day of August 1889°
WHITE & WOODINGTON,
27, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents.