IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MOULDS OR FLASKS FOR MAKING HOLLOW AND OTHER CASTINGS, AND IN A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION OR MATERIAL FOR LINING SAME
Year: 1874

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to William Hamer and Alfred Giles, of the Firm of
Hamer, Giles, and Company, of the Novelty Iron Works, North-
wich, in the County of Cheshire, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MOULDS OR FLASKS FOR MAKING HOLLOW
AND OTHER CASTINGS, AND IN A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION OR MATERIAL
FOR LINING SAME,"-A communication from abroad by John Farrar
and Lewis Whiting, of Boston, State of Massachusetts, in the
United States of America.
-
caled the 16th February 1875, and dated the 21st August 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Hamer and
Alfred Giles at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 21st August 1874.
We, WILLIAM HAMER and ALFRED GILES, of the Firm of Hamer,
Giles, and Company, of the Novelty Iron Works, Northwich, in the
County of Cheshire, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MOULDS OR FLASKS' FOR

page_text: "
MAKING HOLLOW AND OTHER CASTINGS, AND IN A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION
OR MATERIAL FOR LINING same,” (a communication to us from abroad by
John Farrar and Lewis Whiting, of Boston, State of Massachusetts, in
the United States of America), to be as follows :—
This Invention primarily consists of a flask or mould divided longi-
tudinally into perforated sections, which are hinged together and contain
coarse and fine porous material to allow the cscape of gases and vapour
from the casting. The parts are locked together while in use, and
expand when it is required to remove the casting.
The important features in the first part of the Invention are,—
Casting the flanges of the flask separate from the flask, and providing
them with slots so as to allow for the expansion of the same.
Second. Constructing these flanges in sections and thereby preventing
the flask itself from being affected by any expansion of the same.
Third. Providing the flask on its outside with ribs to strengthen it and
prevent it from warping.
Some flasks now used have flanges cast with the flask which tend to
bend or warp the flask and crack the lining, and the flask is not
sufficiently stiff or firm to withstand the expansion of the flanges. The
object of this part of the Invention is to obviate this difficulty, and to
produce a flask and mould which will be thoroughly efficient in its
operation.
According to this Invention the flask is made in three or more longi-
tudinal sections hinged to each other. The flanges which serve to hold
the lining in place are cast in sections which may be screwed, bolted on,
or in any suitable way secured to the sections of the flask, and are
provided with slots which prevent the warping of each individual
section, while their being constructed in sections prevents any warping
which might occur from affecting and injuring the flask. The outside of
the flask is provided with longitudinal ribs strengthened and braced in
the centre by a cross rib, while short cross ribs serve to attach the hinges
to. By means of these ribs the flask is strengthened so as to be able to
withstand any danger of warping.
The tunnel portion of the flask through which the metal is poured is
preferably made of iron instead of lining it, casting it in one piece which

page_text: is bolted in. By this means the ends of the castings are made smooth,
and the composition lining is prevented from breaking.
A similar arrangement may be adopted for forming the mould for
casting and ramming up top part with sand, which will allow the air and
gases to get out.
The improved lining is composed as follows:-Two parts plumbago,
two parts fire-clay, one part ganister or fire sand, one part hard coke
pulverized and passed through a sieve, mixed to paste with water
pressed into the flask and then baked. The proportions of thesc
ingredients vary according to the thickness of thc castings to be made.
By making merely one lining we are enabled to make it thicker and
consequently stronger, a lining consisting of two comparatively thin
layers cracks casily and is not durable, cach lining being independent of
the other, and the inner lining getting hot quicker than the other.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Hamer and Alfred Giles in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 20th February 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, WILLIAM
HAMER and ALFRED GILES, of the Firm of Hamer, Giles, and Company,
of the Novelty Iron Works, Northwich, in the County of Cheshire, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said William Hamer and Alfred
Giles, Her special licence that we, the said William Hamer and Alfred
Giles, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,
the said William Hamer and Alfred Giles, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed;
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and

page_text: Figure 1 is a perspective view of the mould when open; Figure 2 is
a similar view when closed; Figure 3 is a vertical cross section; and
Figure 4 is a detached view of part of one side of same.. Similar letters
of reference indicate like parts in all the Figures.
According to this Invention the flasks are constructed in three or
more longitudinal sections hinged to each other as. shown. The flanges
which serve to hold the lining in place are cast in sections a, which
may be screwed, bolted, or in any other suitable way secured to the
sections of the flask, and are provided with slots c which prevent the
warping of each individual section a, while their being constructed in
sections prevents any warping which might occur from affecting and
injuring the flask. The outside of the flask is provided with longitudinal
ribs & strengthened and braced in the centre by a cross rib e, while
short cross ribs fare provided for attaching the hinges to. By means of
these ribs & and e the flask is strengthened so as to be able to withstand
any danger of warping.
The funnel portion of the flask through which the metal is poured
is preferably made of iron instead of lining it, and is cast in one piece,
which is bolted in. By this means the ends of the castings are made
smooth and the composition lining is prevented from breaking.
A similar arrangement may be adopted for forming the bottom mould
for casting, having pattern on one side and ramming up top part with
sand which will allow the air to get out.
The second part of this Invention refers to an improved lining com-
position as follows:--Two parts plumbago, two parts fire-clay, one
part ganister or fire-sand, one part hard coke, pulverized and sifted,
mixed to paste with water, pressed into the flask, and then baked. The
proportions of these ingredients vary according to the thickness of the
castings to be made.
By making merely one lining it can be made thicker, and consequently
stronger; a lining consisting of two comparatively thin layers cracks
easily and is not durable, each lining being independent of the other and
the inner lining getting hot quicker than the other.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim,-
First. The flanges a when cast separately from the flask, substantially
as and for the purpose set forth.

page_text: the flask, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Third. The slots c in the flanges a substantially as and for the pur-
poses described.
Fourth. The lining for moulds for casting metals when composed of
the ingredients and in the proportions substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Hamer and Alfred
Giles, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Eleventh
day of February, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-five.
WILLIAM HAMER. (L.S.)
ALFRED GILES.
(L.S.)