IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES OR MACHINES FOR RAISING. DIFFUSING. OR INJECTING FLUIDS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Julius Jeffreys, of Kingston Hill, in the County of
Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES OR MACHINES
FOR RAISING. DIFFUSING. OR INJECTING FLUIDS."
Sealed the 10th September 1855, and dated the 25th April 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Julius Jeffreys at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
April 1855.
1, JULIUS JEFFREYS, of Kingston Hill, in the County of Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES OR. MACHINES
FOR RAISING, DIFFUSING, OR INJECTING FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist, first, iu substituting for the metallic pumps with
pistons employed in certain domestic machines (namely, shower baths and
watering and enema machines,) self-expanding chambers with compressible
sides, and with the top and bottom approaching each other, either angularly,
like common house bellows, or parallely, as in the concertina; secondly, in so
arranging the details as to render the feet available for working these pumps
as well as or instead of the hands; and, thirdly, for garden watering and
enema injecting machines. Instead of carrying the liquid itself through
the pump, I pump air upon the surface of the liquid confined in a vessel, so
as to force the liquid up an eduction pipe rising from near the bottom of the
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page_text: vessel, and passing out through the top or sides. When I employ the con-
certina form of pump (cylindrical or angular; for enema purposes, I fix it on
the lid of the jar holding the liquid, and have an air valve between them to
let air down from the pump, but prevent its return while in the top of the
pump. I require no valve, but merely a hole to let air in; on the palm of
the hand being applied to compress down the top, it closes the hole and
prevents the exit of air. The lid of the jar, which I prefer to be of glass
that the contents may be seen, may unscrew for filling in the liquid, or the
eduction pipe may be moveable, and liquid be poured in at that aperture. By
placing the apparatus on the ground it may be worked by the foot resting on
a stool at such times when both hands are wanted to attend to the party
receiving the injection, as a child or debilitated person..
The garden machine is almost the very same apparatus as the enema magni-
fied, and with a rose, at the end of the pipe, except that in this I in general
employ the bellows form of air pump, with its bottom fixed on the lid of the
vessel, in which is a valve to let air into the vessel, and one in the lid of the
bellows to admit air into them. When it is desired to work the bellows by
the foot, I suspend a pedal by a wire to the handle of the lid.
watering and the enema machine pumps are rendered self-expanding by
springs.
Both the
In the bathing apparatus, in order to employ the feet I place one on a pair
of such bellows pumps near to the bottom of the bath under the tread of the
bather, so that they are worked by his heels. In this apparatus the liquid
itself enters the bellows through a valve at bottom, like house fire-bellows,
and is propelled forward like the air from them through an opening fitted
with a valve, and thence into an ascending pipe which terminates overhead
in a perforated showering vessel. This vessel being closed in at top projects
the stream not by gravity only, but as from the rose of a garden engine with
all the force of the pumper, and the same fluid is kept circulating as long as
the bather continues to tread the pumps.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said JULIUS JEFFREYS in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 25th
October 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1, JULIUS
JEFFREYS, of Kingston Hill, in the County of Surrey, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give aud grant unto me,
the said Julius Jeffreys, Her special licence that I, the said Julius Jeffreys,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Julius
Jeffreys, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES
OR MACHINES FOR RAISING, DIFFUSING, OR INJECTING FLUIDS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Julius Jeffreys, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention,and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to befiled in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Julius Jeffreys, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment thereof (that is to say):
:-
My improvements relate todomesticmachines in which pumpsare employed;
and consist,-
First, in the use in general of pumps formed of compressible-sides or
cylinders in lieu of a piston.
Secondly, in so adapting them that the foot may be employed to work the
pumps, if desired.
Thirdly, in employing the elasticity of compressed air to maintain a con-
tinuous stream.
the
Fourthly, in the case of two machines I avoid altogether conveying through
pumps the liquid to be propelled, by pumping air upon it instead.
Figure I to IV. are a shower bath machine; Figures V. and VI. are an
enema machine; and Figures VII. and VIII. are a garden engine. In all of
them A, A, is the compressible pump; B, B, the chamber or vessel confining
the liquid under propulsion; D, D, the vessel or space for the reacting air;
and C, C, the exit or propulsion pipe. These are the parts in common to
each machine combining the principles. The details are varied to suit each, as
follows:-
First, the shower bath: Figure 1. is a vertical mid section; Figure la, the

page_text: showering case M, set edgeways; Figure II., a vertical section of thepumping
apparatus, in the line y, , of Figure III, which is a horizontal section of
Figures I. and II. along the line a, a, a; Figure IV. is a horizontal view.
of Figure I. at the line t, t. In all the Figures A, A, and A, A, are two com-
pressible pumps formed of a spiral wirespring enclosed inlayersof waterproof
canvas acted on above by the treadle boards L, L, L, L, (which may form the
tops of the pumps, if desired), and filling themselves with water from the pit
i, i, at the bottom of the bath through the tubes h, h, which are covered by a
button valve . These tubes h, h, form part of the cast-iron box b, b, B, B¹, to
the top plate b, b, of which the pumps are united. As the treadle of either
pump is depressed, this valvecloses, and the fluid rushes into thechamber B, B¹,
(secured by the drop hinge valve f. and, passing into the space B' common to
both pumps, rises up into the air vessel d, d, and thence up the pipe C,C,to the
showering case M. This case is formed of two circular plates, about three
quarters of an inch apart, the lower only being perforated, and connected by
an encircling ring of metal so as to form a flat case. The water as it is shot
into the case from the tube C reacts against the closed upper plate of the case,
and is thus projected with any force desired through the under perforated
plate. The treadles being depressed alternately by each foot of the bather,
the current of water is uninterrupted, and being reacted on by the elasticity
of the air in the vessel d, d, its force is equalised. This machine I have named
the calcipluve, or heel-projected shower bath.
Figures V. and VI. are the enema machine; the former a vertical mid
section, and the latter a horizontal section at the line i, i, and abovey, g. A
is an air pump, formed of an air-proof flexible casing over a spiral spring
which expands the pump. The top L and bottom g, g, are of stiff material
and have each a valve e and f opening downwards, so that by compressing
the pump, air is forced into the air space d, d, over the liquid in the vessel
B, B. The liquid is thus pressed up the tube C, C, which extends below
into a depression or dimple in the bottom of the vessel, and has a spherical
valve there at its mouth to prevent any return of the liquid. The liquid
passing on through the flexible tube C, M, is projected at the injection pipe N
To charge the vessel with the fluid to be injected, the pump is unscrewed from
the neck O of the vessel, which may be filled with liquid up to the water
line W, W. By the elasticity of the air in the space d, d, above the liquid
(and which constantly encreases in volume as the liquid descends), a continued
and equable stream is maintained along the tube, which equability in the
stream is a desideratum of considerable importance. Thus also one hand only
is required to work the pump, and where both hands are required to hold

page_text: child or feeble person, the pump may be worked by the foot, the apparatus
being placed on the ground. This machine I name the pneum-eneme, or
air-projecting enema apparatus.
Figures VII. and VIII. are a garden engine on the same principle;
Figure VII., a vertical section, and Figure VIII. a horizontal, about the level
of the water line. A, A, is an air pump, made as in the pneum-eneme, but
much larger than the former; L, L, a lever, hinged at 1, for working the
pump; M, a guide rod, hinged at mand m, for keeping the top of the pump
horizontal by a parallel movement; eand fare valves opening downwards;
B,B, the barrel or can holding the water, and having a closed lid air-tight.
Air being pumped into the barrel and reacting against the lid, presses the
water down, and forces it up the tube C and out at the rose or fan D. O, O,
is a tube with a funnel top, closed by a hinged valve k at bottom, through
which the vessel is filled with water; i is a screw plug for letting the air
escape as the vessel is being filled; N is a treadle, slung by a rod to the
lever L to enable the pump to be worked by the foot, the spiral spring of
the pump raising it; or the lever may be worked by a handle. The machine
is mounted on wheels P, P, so as to be pushed forward, either as in a
perambulator or a wheel-barrow, the driving handle not being seen in
Figure VII.
In witness whereof, I, the said Julius Jeffreys, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
Witness,
E. BARKER,
WILLIAM EVANS.
YS.
(L.S.)