Improved Apparatus for Causing or Increasing Circulation in Water or other Liquids during Ebullition and for Removing Sediment therefrom, Specially Applicable to Steam Boilers.
Year: 1888

page_text: Improved Apparatus for Causing or Increasing Circulation in Water
or other Liquids during Ebullition and for Removing Sediment
therefrom, Specially Applicable to Steam Boilers.
I, JOHN WATT of 174 Cleveland Street, Birkenhead in the county of Chester,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
According to my present invention I construct apparatus for causing or increasing
circulation in water or other liquids during ebullition, and for removing sediment
therefrom as follows:-
I will first describe my invention as it may be applied to cause or increase
circulation in, and to remove sediment from water in a state of ebullition in an
ordinary horizontal boiler having two internal furnace tubes or flues.
It is to be understood however that the application of my invention is not
limited to any particular liquid nor to any particular form of boiler or evaporating
vessel.
I provide a wide-mouthed vessel to be hereinafter termed the vapour collector
which I place within the boiler with its mouth downwards and in such a position that
it is immediately over and close to the crowns of the furnace tubes or flues, and
preferably a short distance in front of the fire bridges. When the boiler is filled
with water to its normal level the vapour collector is wholly or partially immersed
therein.
.
Below the surface of the water but at a higher level than the mouth of the vapour
collector I place an apparatus which I will hereinafter term the jet pump which, in
its simplest form consists of two concentric tubes forming a circular passage surrounded
by a concentric annular passage communicating therewith. The passages are so
arranged that when a jet of steam passes through one which may be termed the
steam nozzle, and a supply of water is maintained in the other which may be termed
the water nozzle, the jet of steam sets the water in motion and the combined current
of water and steam thus produced is caused to flow through a suitably arranged pipe,
which will hereinafter be termed the delivery pipe.

page_text: From the water nozzle I lead a pipe which will bereinafter be termed the inlet
pipe to the lower portion of the boiler where the temperature of the water is usually
lower than it is at the surface, and I so construct and place the lower portion of this
inlet pipe, that when a current of water flows into and up the said pipe, it carries
with it any sediment which tends to settle at the bottom of the boiler.
pipe may conveniently pass between the furnace tubes or flues of the boiler and
through the centre of the vapour collector.
This inlet
The steam nozzle is connected by means of a suitable pipe or passage to the vapour
collector, and preferably to the highest portion thereof.
When the boiler is filled to its normal level and the water therein boiling the
vapour collector and the pipe or passage connecting it to the steam nozzle of the
jet pump before mentioned become filled with steam which displaces the water,
the pressure of the said steam being equal to the pressure of the water at the level
of the mouth of the vapour collector. This pressure will therefore be somewhat in
excess of the pressure at the level of the steami nozzle and the steam which is collected
in the vapour collector will consequently issue from the said steam nozzle as a jet.
This jet of steam will, in the manner already mentioned set the water in the inlet
pipe in motion and a current of water will flow up the inlet pipe carrying with it
the sediment before referred to. This current passes through the water nozzle and
becomes mixed with the steam from the steam 'nozzle which has set it in motion
and the combined current flows through the delivery pipe.
This delivery pipe is carried a short distance above the water level, and has an
opening at its highest point to permit the separation of the steam from the water and
sediment, the said delivery pipe is then inclined downwards and leads into a closed
vessel preferably cylindrical and of considerable depth which will hereinafter he termed
the sediment-collector. The sediment.collector may be placed either inside or outside
the boiler, and it communicates by means of a pipe, which will hereinafter be termed the
return pipe, with any desired part of the water in the lower portion of the-boiler.
This return pipe and the delivery pipe of the jet pump. open into the sediment
collector in sucli a way that any sediment contained in the water flowing in froin the jet-
pump falls to the bottom-of-the sediment collector, the water thus freed from the
sediment, passing back to the lower portion of the boiler-through the return pipe.
The sediment collector is provided with a mud-hole and blow-off cock, for the removal
of the sediment therefrom. Where the water contains no sediment which it is desired
to separate thorefrom, the delivery pipe of the jet pump may be bent downwards and
carried to the lower part of the boiler, or it may terminate immediately above tho
nozzles. The jet pump may have more than two nozzles and the current of water
from the inlet pipe and steam from the vapour collector may each be split up into two
or more concentric jets arranged alternately or the steam may issue as a number of
small jets arranged in one or more circles concentric with the water jet or jets, and
means may be provided for adjusting the areas of the nozzles so as to regulate the flow
of steam and water respectively through the said nozzles.
In the general application of my invention it is necessary in determining the
position of the vapour collector, in the first place to immerse its mouth to a sufficient
depth below the surface of the liquid to be operated upon, and this condition being
fulfilled that position should then be selected where the ebullition is most active.
Where found desirable the apparatus may comprise more than one vapour collector,
jet pump, and sediment collector.
Total thân 011 )
1000
SLOAN & LLOYD BARNES,
26, Castle Street, Liverpool,
Applicant's Agents.

page_text: Improved Apparatus for Causing or Increasing Circulation in Water
or other Liquids during Ebullition and for Removing Sediment
therefrom, Specially Applicable to Steam Boilers.
I, JOHN WATT of 174 Cleveland Street, Birkenhead in the county of Chester,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
According to "my present invention I construct apparatus for causing or increasing
circulation in water or other liquids during ebullition, and for removing sediment
therefrom as follows
I will first describe my invention as it may be applied to cause or increase circula-
tion in and to remove sediment from water in a state of ebullition in an ordinary
horizontal boiler having two internal furnace tubes or flues.
It is to be understood however that the application of my invention is not limited
to any particular liquid nor to any particular form of boiler or evaporating vessel.
I provide a wide-mouthed vessel to be hereinafter termed the vapour collector which
I place within the boiler with its mouth downwards and in such a position that it is
immediately over and close to the crowns of the furnace tubes or flues, and preferably
a short distance in front of the fire bridges. When the boiler is filled with water to
its normal level the vapour collector is wholly or partially immersed therein.
Below the surface of the water but at a higher level than the mouth of the vapour
collector I place an apparatus which I will hereinafter term the jet pump which in its
simplest form consists of two concentric tubes forming a circular passage surrounded
by a concentric annular passage communicating therewith.
The passages are so arranged that when a jet of steam passes through one which may
be termed the steam nozzle, and a supply of water is maintained in the other which
may be termed the water nozzle, the jet of steam sets the water in motion and the
combined current of water and steam thus produced is caused to flow through a
suitably arranged pipe, which will hereinafter be termed the delivery pipe.
From the water nozzle I lead a pipe which will hereinafter be termed the inlet pipe
to the lower portion of the boiler where the temperature of the water is usually lower
than it is at the surface, and I so construct and place the lower portion of this inlet
pipe, that when a current of water flows into and up the said pipe it carries with it
any sediment which tends to settle at the bottom of the boiler. This inlet pipe may
conveniently pass between the furnace tubes or flues of the boiler and through the
centre of the vapour collector.
The steam nozzle is connected by means of a suitable pipe or passage to the vapour
collector, and preferably to the highest portion thereof.
When the boiler is filled to its normal level and the water therein boiling the vapour
collector and the pipe or passage connecting it to the steam nozzle of the jet pump
before mentioned become filled with steam which displaces the water, the pressure of
the said steam being equal to the pressure of the water at the level of the mouth of the

page_text: vapour collector. This pressure will therefore be somewhat in excess of the pressure
at the level of the steam nozzle and the steam which is collected in the vapour
collector will consequently issue from the said steam nozzle as a jet.
This jet of steam will in the manner already mentioned set the water in the inlet
pipe in motion and a current of water will flow up the inlet pipe carrying with it the
sediment before referred to. This current passes through the water nozzle and becomes
mixed with the steam from the steam nozzle which has set it in motion and the
combined current flows through the delivery pipe.
This delivery pipe is carried a short distance above the water level, and has an
opening at its highest point to permit the separation of the steam from the water
and sediment; the said delivery pipe is then inclined downwards and leads into a
closed vessel preferably cylindrical and of considerable depth which will hereinafter
be termed the sediment collector.
The sediment collector may be placed either inside or outside the boiler, and it
communicates by means of a pipe, which will hereinafter be termed the return pipe,
with any desired part of the water in the lower portion of the boiler.
This return pipe and the delivery pipe of the jet pump open into the sediment
collector in such a way that any sediment contained in the water flowing in from
the jet pump falls to the bottom of the sediment collector, the water thus freed
from the sediment passing back to the lower portion of the boiler through the
return pipe.
The sediment collector is provided with a mud-hole and blow-off cock, for the
removal of the sediment therefrom.
Where the water contains no sediment which it is desired to separate therefrom,
the delivery pipe of the jet pump may-be-bent downwards and carried to the
lower part of the boiler, or it may terminate immediately above the nozzles.
The jet pump may have more than two nozzles-and the current of water from
the inlet pipe and steam from the vapour collector may each be split up into two-
or more concentric jets arranged alternately, or the steam may issue as a number
of small jets arranged in one or more circles-concentric with the water jet or jets,
and means may be provided for adjusting the areas of the nozzles so as to regulate-
the flow of steam and water respectively through the said nozzles.
In the general application of my invention it is necessary in determining the position
of the vapour collector, in the first place to immerse its mouth to a sufficient depth
below the surface of the liquid to be operated upon, and this condition being fulfilled
that position should then be selected where the ebullition is most active.
Where found desirable the apparatus may comprise more than one vapour collector,
jet pump, and sediment collector.
In order that my invention may be more readily understood, reference is made to
the accompanying drawings which form part of this Specification, in which, Figs. 1
and 2 show the general arrangement of iny invention applied to an ordinary double
Alued horizontal boiler.
Fig. 3 shows my invention applied to a single flued tubular boiler.
Figs. 4 and 5 show my invention applied to a locomotive boiler.
Fig. 6 shows my invention applied to a three flued return tube marine boiler.
Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 show various modifications of the vapour collector and
jet pump.
Fig. 13 (sheet 2,) shows a jet pump in which the area of the steam nozzle is
adjustable.
Throughout the drawings similar parts are indicated by the same reference
figures.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation, the boiler and a portion of the apparatus being shown in
section.
Fig. 2 is an end elevation, a part of the boiler and the sediment collector being shown
in section.
1 is the boiler.
2 are the furnace tubes or flues.

page_text: 4 is the jet pump.
The two latter are shown in section on an enlarged scale in Fig. 7.
5 is the inlet pipe which runs along the bottom of the boiler and is led up to the
jet pump terminating in the water nozzle 6.
This pipe is perforated along its lower side, and may terminate at the back of the
boiler or be there carried up as shown to a pan 26, the front edge of which is lower
than the back edge.
7 is the delivery pipe which is carried some height above the jet pump, and
at its highest point is enlarged into a trongh 8, open at the top, to permit of
the separation of the steam from the water which as it passes impinges on the
louvres 9.
10 is the sediment collector fitted with a mud hole, a blow-off cock 11, and an
internal blow-off pipe 12 reaching nearly to the bottom.
13 is the return pipe connecting the top of the sediment collector to the lower part
of the boiler.
Cocks or check valves are fitted as shown where the pipes 7 and 13 pass through
the boiler shell.
The vapour collector and jet pump are shown in section on an enlarged scale
in Fig. 7, 14 being the steam nozzles, 6 the water nozzle and 7 the delivery pipe.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-
Steam accumulates in the vapour collector 3 and as herein before stated issues in
the form of jets through the steam nozzles 14, thus inducing a current of water
towards the jet pump in the water nozzle 6 and the inlet pipe 5. Any sediment which
tends to settle at the bottom of the boiler will be carried through the holes 15 into the
pipe 5, while at the same time the pan 26 will intercept sedimentary matter carried
by the surface current towards the back of the boiler.
This induced current of water with sediment in suspension will, together with the
steam which has set it in motion, flow through the delivery pipe 7, the steam being
liberated at the trough S. The water and sediment flow into the sediment collector 10
where the sediment subsides and the water returns to the boiler by the return
pipe 13; the sediment being blown out at intervals through the cock 11.
In Fig. 3 which shows my invention applied to a single flued tubular boiler, the
latter and the vapour collector are shown in transverse section, the remainder of the
apparatus being shown in elevation. Here the vapour collector and jet pump are of
the form shown in Fig. 8 and the vapour collector is placed immediately over the top
row of tubes.
Figs. 4 and 5 show my invention applied to a locomotive boiler.
Fig. 4 is a side elevation, the boiler being shown in section on the line A A of Fig. 5.
and Fig. is an end elevation, the boiler being shown in section on the line B B of
Fig. 4. Here the jet pump is placed a little to one side of the centre line of the
boiler to clear the regulator valve spindle, and the inlet pipe. 5 is forked into two
branches as shown.
In Fig. 6 which shows my invention applied to a three flued return tube marine
boiler, the boiler and vapour collector are shown in transverse section, the remainder
of the apparatus being in elevation. Here the vapour collector is modified to suit
the stacks of tubes, the inlet pipe 5, the jet pump 4 and the delivery pipe 7, as far as
the trough 8, being duplicated.
Fig. 8 shows in section to an enlarged scale one form of jet pump and vapour
collector. The water nozzle 6 is attached to the flange 16 by means of three or more
radial feathers 17, which leave a free passage for the steam from the vapour collector 3
to the steam nozzle 14.
Figs. 9, 10 and 11 and 12 each show a different form of jet pump and vapour
collector together with a pan 18 similar to 26 of Figs. 1 and 2 for intercepting
sedimentary matter carried by the surface current of the water in the boiler.
In Fig. 9 the water is withdrawn from the pan 18 through the pipes 19, which lead
into the water nozzle 6.

page_text: In Fig. 10 the current of water entering the jet pump is split into two concentric
jets the one 6 being below, and the other 20, being above the steam nozzle 14, the
nozzle 20 being used to withdraw the water from the pan 18.
In Figs. 11 and 12, the latter being a section on CC of Fig. 11 three jet pumps
are shown, and the water is withdrawn from the pan 18 through the holes 21.
Fig. 13 (sheet 2) shows in section a jet pump in which the area of the steam
nozzle 14 can be adjusted by the conical plug 22, carried by the spindle 23.
The casing 24 is made in two portions united by flanges so as to permit of the
introduction of the steam nozzle 14, and steam branch 25 which is led preferably to
the highest point of the vapour collector.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In apparatus for causing or increasing circulation in water or other liquids
during ebullition, the combination of a vapour collector, being a wide-mouthed vessel
wholly or partially immersed mouth downwards in the liquid, with a jet pump
operated by the steam or vapour collected in the said vapour collector, and which is
fitted with an inlet pipe leading from the lower part of the liquid, and with a delivery
pipe leading to the upper part of the liquid ;-substantially as set forth.
2. In apparatus for causing or increasing circulation in water or other liquids
during ebullition and for removing sediment therefrom, the combination of a vapour
collector, being a wide-mouthed vessel wholly or partially immersed mouth downwards
in the liquid, with a jet pump-operated by the steam or vapour collected in the said
vapour collector, and which is fitted with an inlet pipe-leading-from-the-lower-part-
-of-the-liquid-and. with, a delivery pipe leading to a sediment collector, the latter
being connected to the lower part of the liquid by a return pipe substantially as set
forth.
3. The improved apparatus for causing or increasing circulation in a steam boiler
during ebullition and for removing sediment therefrom, substantially as described-and-
illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2.
4. The improved apparatus for causing or increasing circulation in a steam boiler
during ebullition and for removing sediment therefrom, substantially as described and
illustrated in Fig. 3.
5. The improved apparatus for causing or increasing circulation in a steam boiler
during ebullition and for removing sediment therefrom, substantially as described and
illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5.
6. The improved apparatus for causing or increasing circulation in a steam boiler
during ebullition and for removing sediment therefrom, substantially as described and
illustrated in Fig. 6.