IMPROVEMENTS IN CLIPPERS FOR CLIPPING OR SHEARING HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS." CLIPPERS FOR CLIPPING ORRING HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Holland, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Tool Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CLIPPERS FOR CLIPPING OR SHEARING HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS."
CLIPPERS FOR CLIPPING OR SHEARING HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS."
Sealed the 19th July 1872, and dated the 5th February 1872.
I, HENRY HOLLAND, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Tool Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CLIPPERS FOR CLIPPING OR SHEARING HORSES AND OTHER
ANIMALS
"
"
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
constructing and arranging the parts of the said clippers, whereby the
moveable cutters of the same may be made automatic, so that the
clipper when in use requires only to be guided by the hand, or the parts

page_text: may be so arranged that the clipper can be readily worked by one
hand.
I employ either two toothed cutting plates, one fixed and the other
having a reciprocating motion upon the fixed one, such as ar ordinarily
used in clippers, or I employ one fixed toothed cutting plate and a
rotating cutting roller having a cutting edge of a helical or screw-like
figure upon it, the said cutting edge being in close juxtaposition to the
fixed cutting plate.
When I employ two cutting plates I connect the moveable one to the
one by means of screws passing through oblong slots in the moveable
plate, and taking into the fixed plate.
When the clipper is to be automatic the moveable cutting plate has a
reciprocating or alternating sliding motion upon the fixed plate given to
it in the following manner :-On the upper side of the moveable plate is a
short rack, over which rack two pinions on the ends of two close and
parallel shafts are situated, the said shafts being geared together by
those
pinions on their other ends. The first described pinions, namely,
over the rack, have but two teeth each, the said teeth being opposite to
each other on the shafts, and the shafts being so geared together that
when the teeth on one shaft are in a vertical plane the teeth on the other
shaft are in a horizontal plane. By the rotation of the said shafts the
pinions over the rack alternately gear with and ungear themselves from
the said rack, one coming into gear when the other is gone out of gear.
The geared shafts rotate in opposite directions, and their action upon the
moveable cutting plate is to give it the required reciprocating motion
upon the fixed cutting plate.
The rotating of the said shafts is effected by a coiled spring situated
in a barrel, which spring barrel drives the said shafts through a train of
toothed wheels provided with a flyer to regulate the motion.
:
When a rotating cutting roller is used in combination with a fixed
cutting plate, motion is given to the said cutting roller by means of a
pinion on its end being connected with the spring barrel by means of a
train of toothed wheels.
When the clipper has to be worked by hand the fixed and moveable
cutting plates are arranged as first described, but the driving and gearing
mechanism is dispensed with, and in place thereof a pair of levers or

page_text: handles is employed. One handle is fixed to the stationary cutting plate
or the covering cap, and the other and moveable handle works on a pin
passed through the two handles and made fast to the fixed cutting plate.
On the top end of the moveable handle a tooth or stud is fixed, which
takes into a rack or cup on the moveable cutting plate. A spring is`fixed
between the two handles which tends to separate them or keep them in
an open position. By grasping the two handles by the hand and
pressing them together the moveable cutting plate is made to move in
one direction on the fixed one, and by relaxing the pressure on the
handles the spring between them separates them, and gives the return
motion to the moveable cutting plate. This clipper can readily be used
with one hand, leaving the other hand at liberty. It may however if
desired be worked with both hands.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Holland in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 30th July 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
HOLLAND, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Tool Maker,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of February, in the year'
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Henry Holland, Her special licence
that I, the said Henry Holland, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Holland, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CLIPPERS FOR CLIPPING OR SHEARING HORSES AND OTHER. ANIMALS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry Holland, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or

page_text: cutting plate is to give it the required reciprocating motion upon the
fixed cutting plate.
The rotation of the said shafts is effected by a coiled spring situated
in a barrel, which spring barrel drives the said shafts through a train of
toothed wheels provided with a flyer to regulate the motion.
When a rotating cutting roller is used in combination with a fixed
cutting plate motion is given to the said cutting roller by means of a
pinion on its end being connected with the spring barrel by means of a
train of toothed wheels.
When the clipper has to be worked by hand the fixed and moveable
cutting plates are arranged as first described, but the driving and gearing
mechanism is dispensed with, and in place thereof a pair of levers or
handles is employed. One handle is fixed to the stationary cutting
plate or the covering cap, and the other and moveable handle works on.a
pin passed through the two handles and made fast to the fixed cutting
plate. On the top end of the moveable handle a tooth or stud is fixed,
which takes into a rack or cup on the moveable cutting plate. A spring
is fixed between the two handles, which tends to separate them or keep
them in an open position. By grasping the two handles by the hand
and pressing them together the movcable cutting plate is made to move
in one direction on the fixed one, and by relaxing the pressure on the
handles the spring between them separates them, and gives the return
motion to the moveable cutting plate. This clipper can readily be used
with one hand, leaving the other hand at liberty. It may however if
desired be worked with both hands.
Having explained the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to
describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings the manner. in
which the same is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in plan, and Figure 2 in side elevation, an auto-
matic clipper, the parts of which are constructed and arranged according
to my Invention; Figures 3, 4, and 5 are parts of the same.
The same
letters indicate the same parts in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
a is the fixed cutting plate, and is the moveable cutting plate, the
said plates being toothed or serrated on their edges. The moveable
cutting plate 6 is connected to the fixed plate a by the screws c, c,

page_text: passed through the cap or cover e, and the oblong holes d, d, in the
moveable cutting plate 6 and taking into the fixed plate a. The two
cutting plates a, b, and cap or cover e are represented detached in side
elevation and section in Figure 3, and the moveable cutting plate b is
represented in plan and edge view in Figure 4.
The moveable cutting plate b is worked automatically, that is, has a
reciprocating or alternating sliding motion upon the fixed cutting
plate a, given to it in the following manner:-On the upper side of the
moveable cutting plate 6 is a short rack f, having the shape best seen
in the edge view of Figure 4. Over this rack f two pinions g, h, are
situated, the said pinions being carried by the parallel shafts i, k, geared
together by the pinion l, m. The pinions g, h, have each two teeth
only, the two shafts i, k, being so geared together that when the teeth h
on the shaft / are in a vertical plane the teeth g on the other shaft i are
in a horizontal plane, as will be understood by an examination of the
side elevation and end elevation of the geared shafts i, k, represented in
Figure 5. The geared shafts i, k, rotate in opposite directions, and when
the clipper is set to work the teeth or pinions g, h, alternately gear with
and ungear themselves from the rack f on the moveable cutting plate b,
one of the said pinions coming into gear with the said rack when the
other pinion is gone out of gear. By the action of one of the said
pinions g, h, upon the rack f the cutting plate b is moved in one direction,
and by the action of the other pinion upon the said rack the said cutting
plate 6 is moved in the opposite direction. The required reciprocating
motion is thereby given to the moveable cutting plate 6 upon the fixed
cutting plate a, and the clipping effected between the teeth of the said
cutters, as is well understood.
b
The rotation of the shafts i, k, is effected by the following combination
of parts: On the base plate n of the clipper is a spring barrel, P of the
ordinary kind, the toothed wheel q on the said barrel gearing with the
pinion r. The shaft of the pinion carries at its opposite end a
toothed wheel's, which gears with the toothed wheel t on the shaft k
(see Figure 2) carrying the pinion or teeth h.
By the rotation of the spring barrel p motion is transmitted through
the wheel q, pinion r, shaft r², and wheels 8 and t to the shaft k, and by
means of the coupling pinions m, l, on the shafts k, i, the motion of the
shaft is communicated to the shaft i, the said shafts rotating in
opposite directions.
The motion is regulated by the flyer u, the said

page_text: flyer being connected by the gearing at v, shaft w, and gearing at x, with
the gearing in connection with the spring barrel p. The driving
mechanism represented is covered by a cap.
In using the automatic clipper described and represented the spring
barrel is wound up and a reciprocating motion communicated to the
moveable cutter. The clipper being held by the foundation plate or a
handle on the said plate, the toothed cutters are applied to the skin of
the animal and the cutting effected by the said toothed cutters, the
clipper while in use only requiring to be guided by the hand.
Figure 6 represents in plan, Figure 7 in side elevation, and Figure 8
in end elevation, an automatic clipper constructed according to my
Invention, in which a rotating cutting roller is used in combination with
a fixed cutting plate. The same letters of reference indicate the same
parts in Figures 6, 7, and 8.
a is the rotating cutting roller turning in bearings at b, b, carried by
the fixed cutting plate c, constituting the base of the clipper. The said
cutting roller a has a helical or screw-like cutting edge, the said helical
cutting edge coming into close contact on the rotation of the said roller.
with the fixed cutting edge or bar a³ on the toothed plate a. By the
rotation of the cutting roller a the hairs projecting through the toothed
plate care cut off between the helical cutting edge of the roller and the
fixed cutting edge as of the plate a. Motion is communicated to the
rotating cutting roller a from the spring barrel d by the train of toothed
wheels represented, that is to say, the toothed wheel e on the spring
barrel d gears with the pinion on the shaft f³, a toothed wheel g on
the opposite end of the said shaft ƒ gearing with a toothed wheel h on
the end of the cutting roller a. i is the flyer for regulating the motion,
the axis of which is in gear with the wheel g.

page_text: a is the stationary cutting plate to which the fixed handle e is con-
nected; 6 is the moveable cutting plate working upon the fixed plate a.
The said plates a, b, are connected together and to the cap or cover c by
the screws d, d, the said screws working in oblong holes e², e², in the
moveable cutting plate b. The moveable cutting plate 6 is represented
separately in plan and edge view in Figure 10, and the stationary cutting
plate a and part of the fixed handle e are represented separately in plan
and side elevation in Figure 11. The moveable cutting plate 6 is worked
by the short arm or tooth f' of the moveable handle f, f. A portion of
this handle is shewn separately in Figure 12. The handle f,f", is jointed
to the fixed plate a in the following manner :-On the lower end of the
fixed plate a is a circular bush h, and in the head of the handle is a
circular opening i, which fits accurately and turns upon the said bush h,
the said bush constituting the axis or centre about which the moveable
handle works. The handle f, f, is kept in its place by the cap or cover c,
a screw k passed through the said cover taking into the circular
bush h.
To steady the motion of the moveable handle f, f³, a flange ƒ³ (sce
Figure 12) on one side of the head of the handle works against the under
bush h² on the fixed plate a, and the part f* of the handle f works
against a shoulder e³ on the fixed handle e. The short arm or tooth f
of the handle f, f, works between the blocks 62, 6ª, constituting a cup
or rack on the moveable cutting plate b, and the said short arm or
tooth f² by alternately bearing against one or other of the blocks b", b³,
gives a reciprocating motion to the said cutting plate b.
2
Besides the guide and fixing pin d the moveable cutter 6 is guided in
its motion upon the fixed cutting plate by the studs a³, a³, on the said
plate a working in the slots 63, 6³, in the moveable cutting plate b. A
spring is placed between the handles e, f, which spring tends to separate
them.
In working the clipper the two handles e, f, are closed by the hand,
and the moveable cutting plate 6 thereby moved in one direction. By
relaxing the pressure on the moveable handle of the spring 1 separates
the said handle f from the fixed handle e, and gives the return motion
to the moveable cutting plate b. In this way a reciprocating motion is
given to the moveable plate 6 by the use of one hand, and the clipping
is effected between the two plates a, b, in the ordinary way.

page_text: The spring between the handles e, f, may be omitted, and both the
backward and forward motions of the moveable cutting plate upon the
fixed plate effected by the opening and closing of the moveable handle
by hand. A clipper of this kind is represented in plan in Figure 13, and
parts of the same in Figures 14 and 15. In using this clipper the fixed
handle is held by one hand and the moveable handle by the other hand.
The shape of some of the parts of the clipper, Figures 13, 14, and 15,
is somewhat different from corresponding parts in Figures 9, 10, 11,,
and 12, but the construction and action of the parts are essentially the
same, and corresponding parts are marked with the same letters of
reference.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do
not limit myself to the precise details herein described and illustrated,
as the same may be varied without departing from the nature of my
Invention.
i
But I claim as my Invention of improvements in clippers for clipping
or shearing horses and other animals,―
Firstly. The construction and arrangement of parts herein-before
described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the accompanying
Drawings for making the moveable cutters automatic, that is to say,
working the moveable cutter or cutting plate by means of two parallel
shafts rotating in opposite directions and provided with pinions or teeth.
on their ends, which pinions or teeth by their alternate engagement with
a rack on the said cutter or cutting plate give a reciprocating motion
thereto, the said rotating shafts being driven from a spring barrel,
substantially as described and illustrated.
Secondly. The combination of a rotating cutting roller having a
helical or screw-like cutting edge with a stationary cutter or cutting
plate, the said rotating cutting roller being driven from a spring barrel,
substantially as herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 6, 7,
and 8 of the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly. The arrangement or combination of parts herein-before
described, and illustrated in Figures 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 of
the accompanying Drawings, for working the moveable cutter or cutting

page_text: plate of clippers actuated by hand; also the arrangement or combination
of parts described and illustrated by jointing the moveable handle to the
stationary cutter or cutting plate.
T
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Holland, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
HENRY HOLLAND. (L.S.)