Improvements in Spindles or Injection Tubes or Skewers Employed for Carrying Cops of Yarn or Thread, or other Fibrous Materials in similar Compact Forms, during the Processes of Scouring, Bleaching, Dyeing, Impregnating, Drying, or otherwise Treating Fibrous Materials in the Cop or similar Compact Form.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Mar., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 30th July, 1896-Accepted, 5th Sept., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Spindles or Injection Tubes or Skewers Employed
for Carrying Cops of Yarn or Thread, or other Fibrous Materials
in similar Compact Forms, during the Processes of Scouring,
Bleaching, Dyeing, Impregnating, Drying, or otherwise Treating
Fibrous Materials in the Cop or similar Compact Form.
I, WALTER HEPWORTH-COLLINS of Bradford Buildings Bolton in the
County of Lancaster, an Associate Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers
and a Fellow of the Chemical Society, Civil Engineer and Consulting Chemist
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in spindles or injection tubes or skewers
employed for carrying cops of yarn or thread or other fibrous materials in similar
compact forms during the processes of scouring, bleaching, dyeing, impregnating,
drying or otherwise treating fibrous materials in the cop or similar compact form,
and my invention enables liquid or gaseous matter to be drawn or forced through
such compact fibrous materials during such treatment as is above referred to.
The object of my invention is to ensure an immediate rapid flow of such treating
gaseous or liquid matter through the cops or other similar forms of fibrous materials
in such fashion that the material will be equally permeated by such treating matter
which will be instantly distributed throughout such compact forms, and thereby
produce perfectly uniform results with less expenditure of power. Such uniform
results can not be obtained by the spindles at present ordinarily employed.
The essential feature of my invention is the providing of a framework of stout
wire of suitable metal and section or of other suitable materials, in lieu of the
spindles or injection tubes or skewers hitherto employed.
I carry out my invention as follows:--
1. By taking a metal nipple or ferrule of suitable size and carrying a thread or
other means for attachment on its lower extremity.
2. By taking two or more (preferably three, five or seven) wires of such section
as to present a perfectly smooth outside surface, and of length and strength varying
as the size of the cops or nature of the material to be treated, and securely
attaching the ends of such wires to the inside of the upper extremity of the nipple
described in paragraph 1;
3. By welding, brazing or otherwise connecting the other ends of the wires for a
suitable distance into a single solid wire tapering to a point.
4. The wire spindle or framework constructed as described in paragraphs 1, 2
and 3 may be strengthened by horizontal or inclined wire rings or pins rigidly
attached at suitable distances to the inside of the vertical wires.
5. At a convenient point of the single solid wire a small hole is provided in
which the loose extremity of an ordinary coiled spring engages when required, and
the other end of such spring is permanently attached to a metal or rubber disc or
ring or both combined sliding tightly on the single solid wire.
6. The upper extremity of the nipple or ferrule mentioned in paragraph 1 herein
is provided with a suitable broad flat ring of rubber or other suitable material
resting on the top of the nipple or ferrule and attached thereto by its own elasticity
or secured in position by any ordinary means, and closing on the wires.

page_text: 7. The nipple is provided with the ordinary and usual means of attachment to
the treating apparatus so as to ensure a perfectly water-tight joint.
The nipple together with the wires above described constitutes my wire spindle
for carrying the cops or other similar compact forms of fibrous materials referred
to herein, and such wire spindles are employed in manner following,
(a) The spindle is passed through the cop so that the latter rests closely upon
the rubber ring referred to in paragraph 6;
(6) The spring described in paragraph 5 is slipped along the single solid wire
and pressed down until the loose end engages in the hole described in para-
graph 5, and thus the disc attached to the lower end of the spring is forced
against the top of the cop and makes with the single solid wire a water-tight
joint;
(c) The spindle is then attached to the treating apparatus.
8. I may modify the above described arrangement for holding the cop in
position on the spindle in the following ways:-
(a) By employing a sliding tube or clasp of metal, rubber, vulcanite or similar
suitable material sliding closely on the single solid wire, and provided at its
lower extremity with a-rubber disc or ring to rest on the top of the cop;
(b) By providing a slot or slit at any convenient point in the single solid wire
in or by which a pin or bar, or clasp or other suitable fastener can be secured.
to maintain the cop in the required position;
(c) By screwing a suitable thread upon the single solid wire at a point
immediately above where the top of the cop will touch, and on which thread
a rubber or metal disc, or both, or a nut of any suitable material plays.
(d) By drilling for a short distance a vertical hole into the centre of the single
solid wire or by fixing a clip or other readily removable projection to the
top of the single solid wire by all of which means a fastener may be affixed
to hold the cops in position and to form a water-tight joint with the single
solid wire.
9. Or I may carry out my invention by taking a suitably tapered tube of brass
or other suitable material closed at its thin or pointed extremity and cutting or
otherwise forming therein a suitable number of longitudinal or spiral slits running
so far along the tube as the cop extends; and this spindle is provided at its lower
extremity with an ordinary and suitable means of attachment to the treating
apparatus so as to ensure a watertight joint.
10. I may further carry out my invention by employing a single stout wire coiled
or formed (with wide interstices between each coil) into the shape of a tapering
spindle, and provided with a stay running up the centre of such coil, and both coil
and stay being secured to the inside of a suitable nipple as herein previously
described. Such stay is also attached to the top extremity of such wire and is
continued, or the top extremities of the coiled wire and the stay may be formed at
this point into a single solid wire as is herein previously described and so that
similar methods of keeping the cops in position as those previously described herein
may be employed. Such a coiled wire spindle would be used and inserted into and
withdrawn from the cop by a screwing motion.
11. I may further carry out my invention by. providing a number of tapering
flanges, rims or ridges (continuous or in segments and carefully rounded at their
edges) either parallel or at an inclination to the axis of such projections and so that
the whole form a tapered spindle; and holes may be provided in such flanges for
the better distribution of such treating liquid.
The tapered extremity of this modified arrangement of my invention terminates
in a smooth solid point or single solid wire projecting a sufficient distance beyond
the point reached by the top of the cop when the cop is properly placed on the
spindle and which solid smooth part of the spindle may be adapted for and provided
with the fasteners previously described herein. The spindle as above described is
provided at its lower extremity with a nipple similar to that previously described.

page_text: This modification of my invention may be formed by casting both the nipple and-
tapering spindle and flanges at one operation, or by taking a solid tapered spindle
and planing or otherwise cutting out flutes, slots or grooves therein and thus.
forming the flanges, or by taking a suitable number of tapering flanges of brass,
galvanized (or "tinned ") iron or steel, alloy or other suitable metal and brazing or
otherwise joining their straight edges together leaving the tapering edges projecting;
and this modification may also be formed of vulcanite or other suitable nonmetallic
material.
12. In many operations and with various materials it will be found that owing to
the closeness with which the materials fit upon the spindle the fasteners or attach-
ments herein described to retain the cops in position may be dispensed with without
prejudicing the results obtained.
In most cases it is advisable to preserve the wires herein referred to from the
possible injurious action of the treating liquids or gases by "galvanizing," "tinning,"
or suitable enamelling; or by coatings of the usual protective materials (other than
those referred to as galvanizing, tinning or enamelling).
Dead this Wurth day of March 1896.
WALTER HEPWORTH-COLLINS.
Improvements in Spindles or Injection Tubes or Skewers Employed
for Carrying Cops of Yarn or Thread, or other Fibrous Materials
in similar Compact Forms, during the Processes of Scouring,.
Bleaching, Dyeing, Impregnating, Drying, or otherwise Treating
Fibrous Materials in the Cop or similar Compact Form.
IWALTER HEPWORTH-COLLINS of Bradford Buildings Bolton in the County
of Lancaster, an Associate Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers and a
Fellow of the Chemical Society, Civil Engineer and Consulting Chemist
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say :-
My invention relates to improvements in spindles or injection tubes or skewers
employed for carrying cops of yarn or thread or other fibrous materials in similar
compact forms during the processes of scouring, bleaching, dyeing, impregnating,
drying or otherwise treating fibrous materials whether in cop, bobbin, top or
similar compact shape, and my invention enables liquid or gaseous matter to be
drawn or forced through fibrous materials in such compact shape during such.
treatment as is above referred to.
The object of my invention is to ensure an immediate rapid flow of the treating
gascous or liquid matter through the cops or other similar forms of fibrous material
in such fashion that the material will be equally permeated by such treating
matter which will be instantly distributed throughout the entire miterials under
treatment, and will thereby produce perfectly uniform results with less expenditure
of power than is at present employed in producing inferior results.
These uniform results can not be obtained by the spindles at present ordinarily :
employed, (one of which is shewn at Fig. 1 of the drawings appended hereto) as in
all these a considerable portion of the inner surface of the cop is covered by the.
material of which the spindle is made, and the free and uniform access of the
treating matter is thereby prevented.
Another object attained by my spindle is the saving of considerable weight
where a large number of spindles are carried by one machine; and further my,
spindle can be produced at a much less cost than those ordinarily employed.

page_text: The essential feature of my invention is the providing of a tapering framework
of stout wire of suitable metal and section or of other suitable materials, in
lieu of the perforated spindles or injection tubes or skewers hitherto employed.
My spindle consists of the following parts the letters and figures having reference
to the drawings appended hereto.
I. Any ordinary metal nipple or ferrule of suitable size carrying a thread
or other well known contrivance for attachment on its lower extremity shown
in' Fig. 2e.
II. Two or more (but preferably three, five or seven) wires, Fig. 2 d, of such
section as to present a perfectly smooth outside surface, and of length and
strength varying as the size of the cop or nature of the material to be treated,
and securely attached at their one extremity to the inside of the upper extremity
of the nipple Fig. 2, e.
111. The free ends of the wires are welded, brazed or otherwise connected
for a suitable distance and converted into a single solid wire tapering to a point.
IV. The wire framework, or wire spindle constructed as described above may
be strengthened by horizontal or inclined wire rings or pins rigidly attached
at suitable distances to the inside of the vertical wires as in Fig. 2 g and gl.
V. At a convenient point of the single solid wire a small hole is provided in
which the loose extremity of an ordinary coiled spring, Fig. 2, i, engages when
required, and the other end of such spring is permanently attached to a metal or
rubber disc, (Fig. 2 h,) or ring or both combined sliding tightly on the single solid
wire.
VI. The upper extremity of the nipple or ferrule, Fig. 2 e, is provided with a
suitable brond-flat ring, Fig. 2f, of rubber or other suitable material resting on
the top of the nipple or ferrule and attached thereto by its own elasticity or by any
other ordinary means, and closing on the wires:
VII. The nipple is provided with the ordinary and usual means of attachment
to the spindle-carrier or cop carrier, Fig. 2 c, of the treating apparatus, so as to
ensure a perfectly water-tight joint.
In Fig. 3 is shown a plan of a spindle similar to the spindle shewn in sectional
elevation in Fig. 2 but consisting of eight wires:
'In Fig. 3,
d, are the wires.
e
is the nipple or ferrule.
, is the rubber ring.
In Fig. 4 is shewn an enlarged plan of a spindle constructed of five wires, the
same letters applying to the same parts as in the Figures 2 and 3.
In Figures 1 and 5 are shewn one of the usual methods of constructing
a quick coupling water tight attachment which may be applied to my wire
spindles.
In Figures 1 and 5 :--
a, is a spindle as now ordinarily employed.
b, is the support or pipple.
; c, is the spindle carrier.
d, is a notch provided to engage with the projecting pin shown in Fig. 5.
f, is an india rubber ring to form a water-tight joint.
The nipple together with the wire frame-work as above described constitutes
my wire spindle for carrying cops or other similar compact forms of fibrous
materials previously referred to and such, wire spindles are employed in manner
following:-
I. The spindle is passed through the cop so that the latter rests closely upon the
rubber ring Fig. 2 f.
II. The spring, Fig. 2 i, is slipped along the single solid wire and pressed down
until the loose end engages in the hole provided for that purpose, and thus the
disc (Fig. 2) attached to the lower end of the, spring is forced against the
top of the cop and makes with the single solid wire a water-tight ioint.

page_text: III. The spindle is then attached to the spindle carrier or cop carrier, Fig. 2
of the treating apparatus.
The spindle as above described is the typical form of my invention, and is.
subject to various modifications.
)
A. For holding the cop in position on the spindle any of the following methods
may be substituted for the arrangement (Fig. 2 h and i) hereinbefore described.
viz. :-
1. By employing a sliding. tube or clasp of metal, rubber, vulcanite or similar
suitable material sliding closely on the single solid wire, which may be provided at
its lower extremity with a rubber disc or ring to rest on the top of the cop to form
a water-tight joint:
II. By providing a slot or slit at any convenient point in the single solid wire
in which a pin or other suitable fastener can be secured to maintain the cop in
position or.to maintain a rubber disc or ring on the top of the cop to form a water-
tight joint.
III. By screwing a suitable thread upon the single solid wire at a point imme-
diately above where the top of the cop will touch, and on which thread a rubber or
metal disc or both, or a nut of any suitable material plays.
IV. By drilling for a short distance a vertical hole into the centre of the single
solid wire or by fixing a clip to the top of the single solid wire (after the cop has
been placed on the spindle) and by either of these means a fastener may be
affixed to hold the cop in position and to form a watertight joint with the single
solid wire.
B. I may carry out my invention by taking a suitably tapered tube of brass or
other suitable material closed at its thin or pointed extremity and cutting or other-
wise forming therein a number of slits, thus converting such tube into a framework
of wire, such slits to run longitudinally or spirally as far along the tube as the cop
will extend..
This spindle is provided at its lower extremity with an ordinary and suitable
means of attachment to the treating apparatus so as to ensure a water-tight joint
and has further a single wire or stay running up its centre and attached to the
upper extremity so as to ensure rigidity and additional strength, or it may be
provided with horizontal or inclined rings or pins as hereinbefore described and as
shewn in Figure 1, g and g¹.
The wire spindles previously described are preferable to the last described
spindle as they expose a larger area of the material to be treated to the instant
and direct action of the treating gaseous or liquid matter, and the results are more
certain and uniform than when such spindles as lastly described are used.
C. I may further carry out my invention by employing a single stout wire coiled
or formed with wide interstices between each coil into the shape of a tapering
spindle, and provided with a stay running up the centre of such coil, and both wire
and stay are secured to the inside of such a nipple as herein previously described.
Such stay is also attached to the top extremity of such wire, and is continued, or
the top extremities of the coiled wire and stay may be formed at this point into
the single solid wire as herein previously described so that similar methods of
keeping the cop in position as those previously described herein may be employed.
Such a coiled wire spindle would be inserted into and withdrawn from the cop.
by a slight screwing motion.
In many operations and with various materials it will be found that owing to the
closeness with which the materials fit upon the spindles the fasteners or attachments
herein previously described to retain the cops in position may be dispensed with
without prejudicing the results obtained.
Moreover, in cases where the spindles are exposed to the action of corrosive
liquids or gases they may be coated with any of the well known protective
substances metallic or otherwise suitable for the particular case.
My spindles as hereinbefore described are described as being attached to or
having at their lower extremity an ordinary ferrule or nipple and any ferrule or

page_text: nipple such as is in general employment and which affords a water-tight attachment
to the spindle carrier of the treating apparatus may be employed in connection
with any of my spindles and I make no claim to any invention of or in such nipples
or ferrules or the means of their attachment to such spindle carrier.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Spindles injection tubes or skewers as herein substantially described employed
for carrying cops of yarn or thread or other fibrous materials in similar compact
forms during the processes of scouring, bleaching, dyeing, impregnating, drying or
otherwise treating fibrous materials in the cop or in similar compact shape, and
which spindles injection tubes or skewers are formed by a framework of wire of
-metal or other suitable material.
2. A modification as herein substantially described of the spindles injection tubes
-or skewers referred to in paragraph one of the claim formed by a tapering tube
sawn or slit up so as to form a framework of wire.
3. A modification as herein substantially described of the spindles injection tubes
or skewers referred to in paragraph one of the claim formed by a single stout
coiled wire.
4. The methods or contrivances as herein substantially described for retaining
cops or other similar compact forms of fibrous materials in position upon spindles
injection tes or skewers during treatment.
5. The cmbination of any of the spindles injection tubes or skewers referred to
in paragrap is one two and three of the claim with any of the contrivances referred
to in paragraph four of the claim.
6. The combination of any of the wire frameworks as herein substantially
described with any ordinary ferrule or nipple providing an ordinary water-tight
attachment with the spindle-carrier of the treating apparatus.
Dated this Twenty-ninth day of July 1896.
WALTER HEPWORTH-COLLINS, A.M.I.C.E., F.C.S., &c.