An Improved Chimney Top, Pot, Cowl, or Ventilator.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Feb., 1892-Accepted, 9th Apr., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Chimney Top, Pot, Cowl, or Ventilator.
We FREDERICK JAMES PATEMAN of 4 Gathorne Terrace, School Board
Inspector and JOHN ASHMAN of 2 Alexandra Terrace House Decorator, both of
Wood Green in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to improvements in the construction of chimney tops or
pots, or cowls for attaching thereto, for the object of preventing downdraught and
increasing the updraught as a cure for smokey chimneys. Or our invention may
be employed without alteration in the construction thereof, as a ventilator for the
roofs of rooms or buildings, or by a slight modification as a ventilator for carrying
off vitiated air or dangerous gases from upcast shafts or stack pipes connected to,
and proceeding from the lower parts or basements of buildings, or sewers.
In order that our invention may be clearly understood we have appended hereunto
a sheet of drawings in which,
Figs. 1 and 2 are perspective elevational views of our improved chimney top or
pot, cowl or ventilator.
Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional elevation of the same, taken centrally upon Fig. 1.
In carrying our invention into effect we construct of any suitable metal, but
preferably of sheet iron or zinc, a pot, cowl or ventilator, which when used as a
chimney top or pot would be rectangular in cross section for the whole of its length,
the four sides of which are referred to in the drawings by the letters A, B, C, D,
and provided at its lower end with an outer flange a, for embedding the same in the
brickwork of the chimney in the usual way, but when intended to be used as a cowl
or tall boy for attachment to existing chimney pots, if these be circular in cross
section the lower end of our said apparatus would be constructed circular also, or
otherwise according to the shape of said pot, so that the same may be fitted
thereinto or thereon. When employed in this manner the flange a would not exist
in the position shown, but would be situated at a suitable distance from the bottom,
and fixed either internally or externally as may be required to form a seating or
resting ledge upon the upper edge of said chimney pot, or top.
The upper or rectangular part of said cowl pot or ventilator is so constructed
that the apex of the two sides AC are finished in such shape or contour as to be
capable of forming pivots or bearings for the reception of studs b, c or their
equivalents fixed upon the sides of a metallic shutter or flap E, so that this may
freely oscillate thereon, from right to left of Fig. 1, or to and from the observer as
relates to Fig. 2, the dotted outline of which in both figures indicate its second
position. The lower end of E is of lesser distance from the fulcrum point b, c, than
the upper end thereof, so that when the latter is tilted either way by the pressure
of a current of air, the super weight of said upper end would retain E in that position
until reversed by a current passing in the opposite direction, and when so tilted as
shewn by the drawings, the lower end abuts against the upper end of the sides B
passing
or D according to the direction of said tilt, so that if a current of air be
a direction from D to B the lower end of E would abut against D as in Figs. 1
and 2. or against B if the current be passing in an opposite direction. In either
case the position thus given to E would prevent the current of passing air from
entering the chimney in a downward direction, by diverting it therefrom in au
upward direction, thereby not only preventing downdraught but absolutely
facilitating the updraught. A suitable stay or stays E¹ may if necessary be
employed embracing the upper surfaces of A and C, clear of the travel of E.
in
The sides A and C are provided with rectangular openings e and ƒ, covering or

page_text: enclosing which we mount metallic shutters or flaps F and G, pivotted to the
sides B D at 9 and h, in such a manner that, the upper ends of F, G, abut against
the inner surface of the upper ends of A, C above the openings e f while their
lower ends abut against the outer surfaces of same, below the said openings e, f, so
that F and G when in a position of rest close the openings e f entirely. This will
be fully and better understood by reference to Fig. 3. The lower ends of F G are
weighted by any suitable means at ik for the purpose of counterbalancing the
weight of the upper ends, which would otherwise be excessive, in consequence of
their fulcrums being below the centres of gravity, the object of which is that as
large a surface as possible may be presented to the action of a passing current of
air, and if this be in the direction from C to A and consequently edgewise to the
flap E, the shutter F would be deflected as shewn at Fig. 2, and upon cessation of
the said current this would be immediately returned to its normal or vertical
position by the agency of the counterweight k, and if the current be in the opposite
direction or from A to C, the shutter G would be deflected in a like manner, and
as the current could not be passing in both directions at the same time, it follows
that the current that would deflect F, would assist to keep G in a vertical position,
and vice versa. In order that F and G may not be tilted or deflected sufficiently to
block the updraught, a pin or stud m may be fitted to the inner surfaces of B or D,
or B and D, or a rod may extend across engaging with B and D, so as to form one
common stop or limit to the deflection of both F and G. Or in place of m we may
use a stop or rod n for the use of F, and a like stop or rod o for G, for the same
purpose, the latter course being preferable in small cowls or pots to allow a central
passage for the sweeps brush when cleansing the flue.
By these means a current flowing to the right or left of Fig. 3 would deflect one
or the other of the shutters F G until they assumed the position shewn by the
dotted lines Fig. 3, or that of F in Fig. 2, and the current being thereby diverted
from passing down the flue would exhaust through the openings formed by E and
the sides B D, thus preventing downdraught, and by so causing an updraught the
sinoke would be carried off thereby and convection be materially assisted.
In wet and windy weather when the flap E is tilted as shown, in order that the
rain falling upon E may not pass down the flue, we arrange an opening or slit P in
the upper end of B, and curve the edge of B below p inwardly, sufficiently to
receive the rain that runs down E, and convey it outside B when E is tilted with its
lower end abutting against B. A similar arrangement is provided in D for the
same purpose when E is tilted in the opposite direction, with its lower end abutting
against D. By this means, in so far as regards chimney tops or cowls, if the
passing current of air be of insufficient power to tilt either For G, these would
each by reason of their weighted ends remain in a vertical position, and the
apparatus whichever way E may incline would be similar to an open chimney,
but if a strong current be passing in either direction one or the other of the
flaps E, F, G must necessarily be operated upon thereby, in the manner described,
and downdraught perfectly prevented, and the stronger the current outside the
greater the updraught of the chimney, and our invention thereby becomes a cure
for smokey flues.
In the employment of our invention as a ventilator, the apparatus as shown may
be attached to the roofs of rooms or buildings, and if necessary the flange a upon
the lower outer end may be extended in width so as to pass a sufficient distance
beneath the slates or tiles to maintain a weather proof connection. Or the lower
end of the apparatus may be reduced in diameter if needed so as to fit the upper
end of an upcast shaft for the ventilation of the lower portions of a building, or to
the
gas outlets shafts of sewers and the like.
We do not confine ourselves to the point of pivotting E, F or G as shown or
the employment of any particular kind of pivot therefor, nor to the manner of
suspending these upon the fulcrums thereof as may be needed, and may either
said pivots, but may by a suitable adjustment of the weighted
ends heighten or
employ a rod passing across said flaps, and soldered or rivetted thereto, or retained

page_text: in position by a duplicate plate s rivetted or soldered to the plate, and encompassing
the said rod as shown upon E the same arrangement being adaptable to the plates F
and G or by studs similarly connected to the sides thereof, or by any other means
most adaptable for the purpose, according to the surrounding conditions.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is
1st. In an improved chimney pot, cowl or ventilator the construction and use of
the apparatus herein described and shown, and the several parts constituting the
same, connected combined and operating substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.
2nd. In an improved chimney pot, cowl or ventilator the construction and use of
a rectangular or other cross sectional shaped body, consisting of sides A B, C, D
prepared from any suitable metal, with openings ef in A C, covered by oscillating
plates or flaps G, F pivotted at g h to or upon B, D, and weighted or counter-
balanced at ik. The oscillating flap E, pivotted by any suitable means to or upon
the apex of A and C at b, c. The openings p in B, and r in D, for carrying off the
rain from E. The manner of limiting the deflection of F, G by the use of a stop m
or stops n, o, the whole connected combined and operating substantially as, and for
the purposes herein described and shown by the accompanying drawings.
'
Dated this 19th day of February 1892.
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
4, Moorfields, Fore Street, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicants.