Improvements in or connected with Burners for Gas Cookers, Gas Stoves, and other like Heating Apparatus
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Oct., 1895-Accepted, 7th Dec.,
1895
Improvements in or connected with Burners for Gas Cookers, Gas
Stoves, and other like Heating Apparatus.
A communication by CARL WOLFF, of 12 Bismarkstrasse, and ALBERT BEHL,
of 5 & 6 Klopstockweg, both of Quedlinburg, in the Empire of Germany,
Gas Works Engineer and Manufacturer respectively.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON F.C.S., M.I.M.E., of The Agency for
Foreign Patent Solicitors, 6 Lord Street, Liverpool, and 6, Bank Street, Manchester
both in the County of Lancaster, 118 New Street, Birmingham in the County of
Warwick and 31 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
The useful effect of heating burners (without special compressed air supply)
increases with the amount of air contained in the mixture of gas and air, that is to
say, it increases with the speed of the current of gas which carries along the air.
It is therefore desirable to maintain unimpaired the maximum speed which is
yielded by the pressure of the main. In the heating burners at present employed,
this is only effected with a maximum quantity of discharge, that is to say, with
only one rate of consumption for one position of the burner and not for all the
others. The reduction of the speed of discharge from the gas burner serves merely
as a means for regulating the consumption. The construction of the heating
burners hitherto employed is therefore already wrong in principle.
In the heating burners at present employed, the opening of the burner is not
adjustable, the speed of discharge therefore alters with the quantity of
gas passing
through. The pressure which produces the speed of discharge, formis an impediment
to the movement of the mixing current, and therefore effects the admixture of the
air. The speed of discharge must therefore be a minimum which exceeds as little
as possible the speed of explosion corresponding to the mixing proportion of the
mixed gases.
The adjustment of the heating burners at present employed is effected on the
above lines, the burner opening being adjusted first at a maximum rate of
consumption in such a way that the flame does not strike back to the gas nozzle,
and is then somewhat reduced in order that even with a moderate reduction of the
consumption, the speed of discharge shall not descend below the speed of explosion,
and the flame strike back. Nevertheless when the flame is turned down or if an
air draught arise the flame frequently strikes back. The loss of useful effect in the
maximum position is therefore only of limited effect; it is apparent that the correct
theory of heating burners requires constant speed of the discharge, that is to say,
adjustability of the discharge opening. The means hitherto employed to prevent
striking back of the flame have not been of use. The sieve arrangements even
when they do not become choked, impede the movement and affect the mixture of
air, that is to say, the usual effect. They prevent the striking back of the flame,
but do not prevent the extinction of the flame when it is turned down low (the
danger of explosion).
The limitation of the supply of air in Bunsen burners diminishes the danger of
striking back because a mixture of gas poor in air is produced with a reduced

page_text: rapidity of explosion. The gas, however, in consequence of the small amount of
air contained, burns with diminished useful effect.
In the ordinary heating burners the mixture of gas and air is only incomplete and
accidental, more particularly in large apparatus where the unimpeded movement of
the current of mixed gas demands a greater width of the mixing pipe than the
thoroughness of the mixture can endure.
This invention has for its object a burner which removes all these drawbacks.
In this, the speed of discharge of the gas does not alter with the rate of consumption,
but the section of discharge is altered, the gas nozzle being for that purpose
divided into several parts which may be closed according to requirements. For
this purpose the nozzle is not bored singly but is provided with several passages
and by means of a rotatable disc or the like the separate passages can be closed or
opened at any time to correspond to the actual consumption.
The speed of discharge of the mixture of gas remains by the present invention
always unchanged, as the burner opening is simultaneously and automatically closed
or opened with the regulation of the gas nozzle.
With the object of obtaining a thorough mixture of the gas and air, a special
mixing chamber is arranged so that the current of mixed gas and air can move
unimpededly forward. Further this improved heating burner possesses a special
arrangement by means of which when the flame is turned down a mixture of gas,
poor in air, with a low rate of explosion may be supplied, and which burns with a
large flanie which will not strike back so easily towards the nozzle, and which
cannot be extinguished by a draught of air.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the improved heating burner as arranged on
a gas cooker;
Figure 2 a plan view of Figure 1;
Figure 3 a cross section of Figure 1 on the line a—;
Figure 4 a similar cross section on the line c-d.
The constructive arrangement will now be described.
The body of the burner e is provided with a tubular projection, which serves as
a mixing pipe. A mixing chamber with passages is attached to this part.
The front end of said chamber g forming the gas nozzle is attached to the gas
main or gas pipe.
The gas nozzle consists of a chamber k, the bottom of which is provided with
several holes i. In this chamber a rotatable disc or valve is arranged, said disc
having segmental slots m which respectively increase in length relatively to each
other, so that on turning said disc or valve l, the holes i are closed successively
one after the other. The gas supply pipe which is provided with a coupling o,
is attached to the chamber k, A spindle s passes through the mixing pipe f
and the mixing chamber g, and is capable of being revolved from the outside
by means of a hand wheel p. The disc or valve is firmly connected to said
spindle.
The spindle end provided with the disc has a central bore r which extends
longitudinally for a part of its length and then turns radially into the mixing
pipe or passage f, and in this manuer connects the interior of the chamber k with
the mixing passage f.
The adjustment of the spindle s may be limited by the arrangement of a set
ring x provided with a segmental slot. On the spindles a sleeve y is arranged
so as to be adjusted and fixed, as desired, and projects into the body of the
burner e, and said sheath is provided with an eccentric z.
vertically adjustable is arranged in the body of the burner e, and its vertical
A regulating disc A,
adjustment is effected by means of the eccentric ..
By turning the spindle s, a general opening of the gas nozzle takes place, that
is to say, the separate holes i are opened successively. The gas flows through the
holes i into the passage of the mixing chamber g in which a thorough mixture
of the gas with the atmospheric air takes place.

page_text: The
gas passes from the mixing chamber g through the mixing passage into
the body of the burner e where combustion takes place. By revolving the spindle f,
an opening of the body of the burner takes place simultaneously with the opening
of the gas nozzle or the gas mixing nozzle, and in such a way that the section of
discharge of the body of the burner always remains proportionate. If the gas
nozzle be closed, the regulating disc A descends, that is to say the section of the
discharge of the burner is diminished. In such position of the disc l, the gas
passes only through the bore r of the spindle, so that a mixture of gas poor in
air is supplied to the burner, and a striking back or extinction of the flame is
prevented.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondents, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. Burners of the kind described having the supply of gas regulated by varying
the section of discharge of the gas nozzle, so that the gas, even with a reduced
consumption, flows through the gas nozzle at the original speed, substantially as
described.
2. Burners of the kind described, having the supply of gas and the discharge of
the mixture of gas and air, regulated by means of a device, so that the opening
of the burner is suitably adjusted to correspond to the quantity of gas flowing to
consumption, whereby, even with a reduced consumption, the gas comes into
combustion without the original speed of discharge of the mixture of gas being
reduced, substantially as described.
3. In a burner of the kind described, the insertion of a special mixing chamber
between the gas nozzle and the mixing pipe or passage, or an equivalent narrowing
of the front part of the mixing pipe or passage, substantially as described.
4. Burners of the kind described, having a supply of unmixed gas passing through
the adjustable spindle or otherwise directly into the burner without passing through
the mixing chamber, for the purpose of feeding the flame when turned down low,
substantially as described.
5. The construction and combination of parts taken as a whole forming the
improved burner for gas cookers, gas stoves, and other like heating apparatus
substantially as herein before described and illustrated.
Dated this 30th day of October 1895.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Agents.