Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Aug., 1888
Specification Accepted, 7th Sept., 1888
I, LÉON KELNER of Brussels in the Kingdom of Belgium, Telegraphic Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The object of my Invention is to destroy upon telephone wires of all lengths:
1stly. The noise produced in telephones by telluric or earth currents, commonly
called "buzzing.'
"
2ndly. The telegraphic induction of adjacent parallel or other telegraph wires.
3rdly. The telephonic or speech induction of adjacent parallel or other wires.
In short, it renders all telephone wires of all lengths perfectly quiet, without affecting
the intensity of the voice emitted on the wire in use, which ensures in a perfect
manner the secrecy of telephonic correspondence.
The invention consists in cutting the metallic circuit at each station and reuniting
the two ends thus cut by a column of alcohol, reduced, in preference, to thirty two
degrees centigrade. These conditions can be fulfilled in the following manner :-
The column of alcohol is formed by a glass. U shaped tube, filled with the liquid
mentioned (Figure 2); this tube has hitherto in preference measured 14 millimetres
in internal diameter and 22 centimetres in height. The mouth of each of its two
branches is closed by means of an india rubber or other suitable cork, pierced from
top to bottom in such a way as to admit of the passage of a conducting wire in
the hole.
·
A silvered copper wire is introduced into the left branch of the tube and pushed
into it until the end, plunging into the liquid, has passed the bend of the tube and
gone up about rd in the right branch. The upper end of this wire is connected with
the left boundary of the board by an invisible wire. A second rod, of the same metal
and of the same diameter but not so long, passes through the cork of the right branch
in such a way as to be able to slide at will, for facility of regulation, and it down
into the right branch of the tube until it meets, at about one third of the way, the end
of the wire of the left branch coming up in the right branch.
goes

page_text: ་
The upper edge of this last rod is connected by an invisible wire with the right
boundary of the top of the board.
1
The end of each of these two rods plunging into the alcohol is provided with a
silvered disc, of a diameter less than that of the interior of the tube, and the more
apart these two discs are drawn the more is the induction effaced. The speech einitted
on the wire itself is transmitted from one disc to another by the volume of alcohol
contained between these two parts. On the other hand, the earth currents, being
only primary currents, finding the metallic circuit cut at each end of the line, are not
produced, having moreover not sufficient energy to cross the hydraulic column. In
addition, the induced currents arising from the adjacent wires being only tertiary or
quaternary currents, thus have not sufficient power to overcome the liquid volume.
The telephonic current alone emitted on the wire itself, being a secondary current
of high power, easily crosses the liquid eleinent.
This explains the complete suppression of extraneous noises and the clearness of
speech on each wire separately.
The U tube may be replaced-by-a-cylindrical receiver of larger-dimensions filled
with alcohol.
In the liquid and on one side of the receiver two silvered plates are placed opposite
each other, 4 or 5 centimetres in diameter whereof the upper one is attached to the
terminal 2 (Fig. II) and the other to the terminal 1.
The current passes through the alcohol at i.
This arrangement is simple and easy.
As it might happen that, after being very long at work, the liquid might become
charged with the surplus electricity in very weak condensation an earth connection
may be made from the liquid but at a distance from the silvered discs always exceeding
the distance between the discs themselves. In thuit case if any excess of charge occurs
in the alcohol, the discharges are effected through the liquid in the direction of the
arrow between the discs and the diversion d. By this means the transmission is always
free from all hindrance.
This anti-inductor, made with a U tube or with a cylindrical receiver is placed at
cach station in tension on the line of wire before it enters the apparatus. It can be
applied to all the systems of telephonic apparatus. It is therefore sufficient to bring
the line of wire to the right terminal of the anti inductor and to connect tits. left
terminal with the line terminal of the microphone (Fig. 1).
In private telephones for short distances the anti inductor may be placed between.
the microphone and the earth.
As regards the system of calling by ringing, I adopt the following arrangements.
1. That which consists in bridging over the anti inductor by a wire, running: from
the line to the commutator c; another wire runs from c.to the microphone. Thus
when c is in contact with c¹, the anti-inductor is out of the circuit, and the call current,
which could not cross the liquid, passes direct to the bell through c and c¹. Hence
in order to ring, the correspondents on each side leave c and c in contact, with, the
commutator.
In order to speak i.e., when the bell has been heard and understood, it suffices to
separate c and c¹ to cut off the circuit of the commutator, and to replace tha.anti-
inductor on the line.
2. The simplest arrangement consists in fitting, on a spiral spring, the rod 2, which
runs to the screw.V of the anti-inductor (Figure II). In, a state of reposo, either.by
means of the weight of the receiver or otherwise, this rod 2 is drawn down in such a
way that the upper disc comes into contact with, the lower disc in, the. liquid. The
same occurs at each end. This arrangement at each end restores the complete
metallic circuit in the interior of the tubes themselves, whenever the whole conversation
is finished.
When the call has been heard and understood, the rod 2 is raised to its proper
height in the liquid at each end, by the aforesaid spring, and then the anti-inductor is
restored to its normal state for the purpose of conversation.

page_text: I would state that in my system of telephonic and telegraphic anti-induction,
. 1. Other forms of receivers may be substituted for the glass tube or cylindrical
receiver, if desired.
2. Hydrogen gas or liquids other than alcohol may be used as conductor in the tube.
or cylindrical or other receiver.
3. The tube, the cylindrical or other receiver may be of glass, china, gutta percha
or any insulating material which has the requisite qualities for the purpose.
4. The diversions of the anti-inductor to the earth may be arranged in any suitable
manner.
5. The rod in the branches of the tubes or the conductors in any other form of
the apparatus may be of other suitable metal than the metals mentioned.
6. Other suitable call arrangements may be substituted for those described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The use of the fluid connection at the points whore the metallic circuit is
severed.
2. The construction of the mechanism with a U tube or cylindrical receiver for
containing the fluid substantially as described.
3. The use if occasion arises, of the diversions to the earth for discharges.
4. The use of alcohol or other products similar in point of conducting power.
5. The use of the silvered wires and discs.
6. The use of the commutator or of the contact of the discs in the liquid for the call
system substantially as described.
11
1 1
A
L 1000