IMPROVEMENTS HYDRANITTA An A A
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Clayton, of Paradise Street, Bradford, in
the County of York, Engineer, for the Invention of “IMPROVEMENTS
HYDRANITTA An A A "
Sealed the 23rd May 1873, and dated the 4th December 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Clayton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th December 1872.
I, SAMUEL CLAYTON, of Paradise Street, Bradford, in the County of
York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC AND HYDROSTATIC CRANES," to be as follows,
that is to say:-
My Invention relates to employing a self-acting gear for lifting and
lowering the chain or rope without any outside balance weight; also in
employing a piston formed with two rings, besides the usual leather, for
the purpose of keeping the inside of the cylinder free from any dirt for

page_text: hydraulic and hydrostatic cranes. For this purpose I employ a chain or
rope, or a wrought iron rod (or rods), to which is attached at each end a
chain or rope.
One of the chains or ropes is fixed to the piston rod of
the hydraulic or hydrostatic cylinder, and the other end to the rod or
rods. This chain or rope passes under a pulley fixed in a bracket; this
bracket is fitted on a cast-iron beam, which is bolted to the wall.
The other chain or rope is fixed to a grooved barrel keyed on a shaft,
to which is fitted a small pulley and a large drum, for the purpose of
winding or unwinding the lifting chain or rope. On this small pulley is
fixed a chain or rope, having one end fastened to the pulley, and the 1
other end carrying a weight. This chain or rope winds or unwinds the
reverse way of the chain or rope fixed to the grooved barrel, and balanċes
the rod or rods, chains or ropes, doing away with the outside balance
weight now in use for bringing down the lifting chain or rope.
The water lifting the piston in the hydraulic or hydrostatic cylinder 1
pulls down the rod or rods, unwinding the chain or rope, and giving a
rotatory movement to the shaft carrying the grooved barrel, small
pulley, and large drum, consequently winding up the chain or rope fixed
to the small pulley.
When the lifting chain or rope requires to be lowered the weight 2
attached to the chain or rope fixed on the small pulley causes a reverse
motion to be given to the large drum, thus unwinding and lowering the
chain or rope.
The hydraulic or hydrostatic piston is made in two parts, each having
a ring fitted in for the purpose of keeping the cylinder free from any 2
dirt; these rings act as scrapers. The leather is fixed between two parts
of the piston.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Samuel Clayton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 3rd June 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
CLAYTON, of Paradise Street, Bradford, in the County of York, Engineer,
send greeting-
3

page_text: The other chain or rope is fixed to a grooved barrel keyed on a shaft,
to which is fitted a small pulley and a large drum, for the purpose of
winding or unwinding the lifting chain or rope. On this small pulley is
fixed a chain or rope having one end fastened to the pulley and the
other end carrying a weight. This chain or rope winds or unwinds the 5
reverse way of the chain or rope fixed to the grooved barrel, and balances
the rod or rods, chain or rope, doing away with the outside balance
weight now in use for bringing down the lifting chain or rope.
The water lifting the piston in the hydraulic or hydrostatic cylinder
pulls down the rod or rods, unwinding the chain or rope, and giving a 1
rotatory movement to the shaft carrying the grooved barrel, small pulley,
and large drum, consequently winding up the chain or rope fixed to the
small pulley.
When the lifting chain or rope requires to be lowered the weight
attached to the chain or rope fixed on the small pulley causes a reverse
motion to be given to the large drum, therefore unwinding and lowering
the chain or rope.
The hydraulic or hydrostatic piston is made in two parts, each having
a ring fitted in for the purpose of keeping the cylinder free from dirt;
these rings act as scrapers. The leather is fixed between the two parts
of the piston.
But in order to enable my improvements to be better understood I
will proceed to describe the same by reference to the accompanying
Drawing, in which Figure 1 represents a front view of the self-acting
gear, and shewing a section of the hydraulic or hydrostatic cylinder;
Figure 2, side elevation of the same; Figure 3 represents a sectional
elevation of the piston; and Figure 4, plan of the under side of the same.
Similar letters of reference are used in all the Figures to represent
similar parts.
A, hydraulic or hydrostatic cylinder, in which is fitted a piston S,
actuating the piston rod B, to the end of which is fitted a chain or
rope C, passing under the pulley D, and attached at the other end to the
rod or rods E; at the other end of this rod or rods E is fitted a chain or
rope F, and fixed at the other end to the grooved barrel G, in which
ridges are cast fitting the chain or rope F. This grooved barrel is keyed
to the shaft K, which works in pedestals P. On the shaft K is fitted

page_text: the pulley H and the winding drum L, actuating the lifting or lowering
rope M.
When the water passing through the valve box X. enters the cylin-
der A, it forces up the piston S, pulling up the chain C, and lowering
the rod or rods E, therefore unwinding the chain or rope F from the
grooved barrel G, actuating the shaft K, and winding the rope M on to
the drum L, raising the goods; as the rope Mis winding on the drum L,
the rope I fixed to the pulley H is unwinding, lowering the weight J ;
this rope passes over the rope pulley Y.
When the goods have been raised the required height by letting out
the water through the outlet valve X' the piston S and piston rod B
will descend, lowering the chain or rope C, and lifting the rod or rods E,
winding the chain F on the grooved barrel G, unwinding the rope I from
the pulley H, which is effected by means of the weight J descending.
This weight J is of sufficient size to overbalance the weights of the
chain F, rod or rods E, and chain C. It is by means of this weight J
lowering that the shaft K is turned, winding the chain F on the grooved
barrel G, and consequently unwinding and lowering the rope M. The
object of this self-acting gear is to get the winding apparatus in the top
room of a warehouse or building, doing away with the outside large
weight usually employed for bringing down the rope. O, beams carrying
the pedestals P; Q, brackets in which the pulley D is fixed and fitted
on the foundation plate R, fixed in the wall of the building; S, piston
made of iron or brass plates, between which is fitted a block leather U;
this block leather is kept pressed to the sides of the cylinder by means
of the pressure of the water entering the piston through the holes V,
passing in the recess W, and acting on the inside of the block leather U.
In the plates of the piston S are fitted rings T, acting as scrapers, keeping
the cylinder free from dirt.
Having thus described my improvements, and the best means I am
acquainted with for carrying the same into effect, I would have it under-
stood that I do not confine myself to the precise details shewn and
described, as these may be varied without departing from the peculiar
character of the Invention; but what I do claim is,―
Firstly. The self-acting gear for hydraulic and hydrostatic cranes,
allowing the winding apparatus to be fixed in the top room of a

page_text: .warehouse or building, doing away with the large outside weight for
bringing down the rope, substantially as described and shewn.
Secondly. The method of making the piston in two parts, having
outside water openings forcing the leather constantly against the sides of
the cylinder, and having scrapers keeping the cylinder free from dirt,
substantially as described and shewn.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Clayton, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Second day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
Witness,
FREDERICK HENRY GILL,
Clerk to W. J. Turner, C.E.,
Patent Agent,
Bradford.
SAMUEL CLAYTON. (L.S.)