IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING OR SPREADING PLASTIC COMPOSITIONS UPON FABRICS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LINOLEUM AND OTHER FLOOR-CLOTHS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES." PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Frederick Leake, of Hale Street, Staines, in the
County of Middlesex, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING OR
SPREADING PLASTIC COMPOSITIONS UPON FABRICS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
LINOLEUM AND OTHER FLOOR-CLOTHS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Frederick Leake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th March 1880.
CHARLES FREDERICK LEAKE, of Hale Street, Staines, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING OR SPREADING PLASTIC COMPOSITIONS UPON FABRICS
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LINOLEUM AND OTHER FLOOR CLOTHS, AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in rolling or spreading plastic
compositions upon fabrics for the manufacture of linoleum and other floor cloths,
and for other purposes.
;
In the ordinary or usual method of rolling linoleum or other similar floor cloths
or fabrics powerful rolls are used which are ground up perfectly true and smooth
the woven fabric which it is intended to use as a ground work or base is then passed
partly round and between the rolls, which are then closed up or adjusted so that
the distance between the rolls shall represent the thickness which the fabric is
required to be when finished.
The composition which has been previously prepared is then placed in the feed or
grip of rolls to which motion is given in the usual way. In practice it is found
difficult to procure canvas or other woven fabric-of-an-even or uniform texture,
-strength, or flatness, and by the usual methods of rolling the weak or defective
portions of the canvas or other fabrics accumulate and are forced or driven back
by the wedge of composition which is formed in the feed or grip of rollers, the
result of which is that the finished goods are more or less buckled, and will not lay
flat upon a floor or other surface. To overcome and prevent this evil I propose to
roughen the surface of the back or under roll. Various methods may be adopted
for giving a roughened surface to the roll; for example, the surface of the roll may
be milled by a tool as ordinarily practised in lathe work, or the roughening may be
[Price fid 1

page_text: produced by cutting with tools such as are used in file cutting, or by cutting in a
screw cutting lathe spiral lines, both right and left hand, crossing each other at
such angles that they form small squares or lozenge shapes, or by matting the
surface all over with matting punches, or by preparing the surface with etching
wax and biting in the surface to a suitable pattern with acids. I however prefer
to give the roughened surface to the roll in the following manner, viz. :-When the
roll has been turned and ground perfectly true I fix a slide rest in parallel juxta-
position to it, and with a suitable tool cut fine lines at regular intervals or distances,
preferably from in. to in. apart, the whole length of the roll, and continue
this until the whole surface is covered; the action or effect of this roughness is
that it allows the canvas or other fabric to be firmly pressed into the interstices
by the composition, and thereby grips and prevents it driving or slipping backwards,
and also allows the composition to be forced more firmly and perfectly through the
canvas or base fabric than is possible with smooth rolls.
Where it is not convenient to roughen the surface of the roll by the above means
I propose to use an endless band of wire or other suitable material passed round
the back roll and kept tight by straining and guiding rolls, or by fastening the same
firmly to the roll; the object of this band is to afford a rough surface whereon the
canvas or base fabric shall be pressed, and which by gripping it shall prevent the
slipping, &c., as above named.
In addition to the above I drive the second or face roll at a greater speed than
the under or back roll by proportioning the wheels so as to make the surface of face
roll slip or travel, say, for example, about 1 in 30 faster than the cloth or than
the under roll; the effect of this is that the material rolled in the above manner
receives a much superior finish than similar goods rolled by the ordinary equal
speed rolls.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Charles Frederick Leake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th
September 1880.
CHARLES FREDERICK LEAKE, of Hale Street, Staines, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING OR SPREADING PLASTIC COMPOSITIONS UPON FABRICS
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LINOLEUM AND OTHER FLOOR CLOTHS, AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES."
This Invention, has for its object improvements in rolling or spreading plastic
compositions upon fabrics for the manufacture of linoleum and other floor cloths,
and for other purposes.
In the ordinary or usual method of rolling linoleum or other similar floor cloths
or fabrics, powerful rolls are used which are ground up perfectly true and smooth;
the woven fabric which it is intended to use as a ground work or base is then
passed partly round and between the rolls, which are then closed up or adjusted so
that the distance between the rolls shall represent the thickness which the fabric is
required to be when finished.
The composition which has been previously prepared is then placed in the
feed or grip of rolls to which motion is given in the usual way. In practice
it is found difficult to procure canvas or other woven fabric of an even or uniform
texture, strength, or flatness, and by the usual methods of rolling the weak or
defective portions of the canvas or other fabrics accumulate, and are forced or
driven back by the wedge of composition which is formed in the feed or grip of
rollers, the result of which is that the finished goods are more or less buckled, and
will not lay flat upon a floor or other surface; to overcome and prevent this evil
I propose to roughen the surface of the back or under roll. Various methods may
be adopted for giving a roughened surface to the roll; for example, the surface
of the roll may be milled by a tool as ordinarily practiced in lathe work, or the
roughening may be produced by cutting with tools, such as are used in file cutting,
or by cutting in a screw cutting lathe spiral lines both right and left hand crossing
each other at such angles that they form small squares or lozenge shapes, or by
matting the surface all over with matting punches, or by preparing the surface with
etching wax and biting in the surface to a suitable pattern with acids.
I however prefer to give the roughened surface to the roll in the following
manner, viz.: When the roll has been turned and ground perfectly true I fix a slide
rest in parallel juxtaposition to it, and with a suitable tool cut fine lines at regular
intervals or distances, preferably from in. to in. apart the whole length of the
roll, and continue this until the whole surface is covered; the action or effect of
this roughness is, that it allows the canvas or other fabric to be firmly pressed into
the interstices by the composition, and thereby grips and prevents it driving or
slipping backwards, and also allows the composition to be forced more firmly and
perfectly through the canvas or base fabric than is possible with smooth rolls.
Another way of roughening the surface of the back roll is to fasten a band of
wire gauze firmly around the roll, or to pass around it an endless band of wire
gauze using a straining roll to keep the endless band tight.
In addition to the above. I drive-the-second-or face roll at a greater speed than
the under or back roll by proportioning the wheels, so as to make the surface of the
face roll slip or travel, say, for example, about 1 in 30 faster than the cloth or than
the under roll; the effect of this is that the material rolled in the above manner
receives a much superior finish than similar goods rolled by the ordinary equal
speed rolls. The surface of the lower roll being roughened as above explained,
allows of the one roll being thus driven faster than the other without risk of
tearing the fabric.
Figure 1 shows a section of part of the circumference of a roller with a number
of grooves parallel with the axis of the roller cut from one end of it to the other;

page_text: Figure 2 shows a face view of the same; these views shew the way in which
I prefer to roughen the surface of the lower roll; Figure 3 shows a portion of the
surface of a roll having its surface roughened with diagonal grooves cut around it;
Figure 4 shows a portion of the surface of a roll having its surface roughened by
numerous small indentations being made in it with the point of a punch; Figure 5
shows in cross section the general arrangement of spreading rolls which it is
preferred to use.
In this Figure A is the fabric to be covered led over the back roll B and under
the face roll C; D is.the composition with which the fabric A is to be coated;
E, E, are other rollers around which the coated fabric passes, as shewn, and which
assist in drawing the fabric forward; F is a roll of fabric to be coated, and G,
a roll on to which the fabric is wound up after being coated.
The rolls B, C, and E are driven by gearing, and as before stated the roller C is
by preference driven at the speed of about 1 in 30 faster than the roller B. The
back roll B can be roughened in any of the ways above described, or by other
equivalent means.
At Figure 6 I have shewn the arrangement of rolls together with an endless
band H of wire gauze for giving a roughened surface to that portion of the back
roll B over which the fabric to be covered is led; I is a roll for keeping the band
H stretched tightly.
What I claim is,-
First. The employment for spreading plastic compositions on to fabrics of a
pair of rolls, one, the back roll by which the fabric is supported, having its surface
roughened, whilst the other which is the face roll, and which serves to compress
the composition on to the face of the fabric has a polished surface, substantially
as described.
Second. Driving the polished face roll of such a pair of spreading-rolls at a
slightly greater surface speed than the back roll which has its surface roughened.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Frederick Leake, have hereunto
set my hand and scal, this Third day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
ח' זה 1 זזם IDIANITמת
TTTR
LES FREDERICK LEAKE. (L.S.)
HANDED