IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING STONE, BRICKS, AND OTHER SURFACES, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE-OP- FILTERS
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederic Maitland Ransome and Ernest Leslie
Ransome, both of Ipswich, in the County of Suffolk, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING STONE, BRICKS, AND OTHER SURFACES, AND
IN THE MANUFACTURE-OP- FILTERS."
Sealed the 14th March 1862, and dated the 16th September 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederic Maitland Ran-
some and Ernest Leslie Rausome at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 16th September 1861.
I, FREDERIC MAITLAND RANSOME and ERNEST LESLIE RANSOME, both of
Ipswich, in the County of Suffolk, do hereby declare the nature of the Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING. STONE, BRICKS, AND OTHER SURFACES, AND
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF, FILTERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in treating stone, bricks,
and other surfaces; and in the manufacture of filters.
For the purpose of treating stone, bricks, and other surfaces, we employ
powdered glass or other vitrified or hard substance, or powdered flint, or pow-
dered stone,, or sand mixed with soluble silicate, with or without coloring
matter, the object being so to apply soluble silicate, that it may for the most
part be retained in combination with the pulverized substance on the surface
of the stone; bricks, or other substances to which it may be applied, and this is
effected by the admixture of the pulverized substances with it. The compound

page_text: of soluble silicate and pulverized matter or matters having been applied to the
surface of the stone, bricks, or other material; the soluble silicate is then
rendered insoluble, in like manner to that practised when impregnating
stone or other substances with soluble silicate, but by this mode of treat-
ment the pulverized matters will be combined with the silicate (which is
rendered insoluble) on the surface of the stone, bricks, or other substances,
by which the surfaces of those substances will be found to be better pre-
served from the effects of atmospheric influences than when soluble silicate
alone is used to impregnate the stone, bricks, or other substances, and is
then rendered insoluble therein, as has been before practised.
When making parts of filters of pulverized stone, sand, or other materials
cemented by soluble silicate, and also when using other porous stone or
material, we form such porous matters into hollow triangular forms or tubes,
by which we are enabled to obtain more extended filtering surfaces within a
given space than can be obtained by other constructions of filters, and such
triangular tubes may be combined at pleasure, according to various arrange-
ments.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Frederic Maitland Ransome and Ernest Leslie Ransome
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th March 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, FREDERIC
MAITLAND RANSOME and ERNEST LESLIE RANSOME, both of Ipswich, in the
County of Suffolk, send greeting:
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Frederic Maitland Ransome and Ernest Leslic Ransome, Her special
licence, that we, the said Frederic Maitland Ransome and Ernest Leslie Ran-
some; our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
Frederic Maitland Ransomoand Ernest Leslie Ransome, our executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING STONE. BRICKS AND OTHER

page_text: SURFACES. AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FILTERS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said Frederic Maitland Ransome and Ernest Leslie Ran-
some, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our
or their hands and scals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Frederic Maitland Ransome and Ernest
Leslie Ransome, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in treating stone, bricks,
and other surfaces, and in the manufacture of filters.
For the purpose of treating stone, bricks, and other surfaces we employ pow-
dered glass or other vitrified or hard substance, or powdered flint, or powdered
stone or sand mixed with soluble silicate, with or without coloring matter, the
object being so to apply soluble silicate that it may for the most part be retained
in combination with the puiverized substance on the surface of the stone,
bricks, or other substances to which it may be applied, and this is effected by
the admixture of the pulverized substances with it. The compound of soluble
silicate and pulverized matter or matters having been applied to the surface of
the stone, bricks, or other material, the soluble silicate is then rendered
insoluble in like manner to that practised when impregnating stone or other
substances with soluble silicate; but by this mode of treatment the pulverized
matters will be combined with the silicate (which is rendered insoluble) on
the surface of the stone, bricks, or other substances, by which the surfaces
of those substances will be found to be better preserved from the effects
of atmospheric influences than when soluble silicate alone is used to
impregnate the stone, bricks, or other substances, and is then rendered
insoluble therein, as has been before practised.
When making parts of filters of pulverized stone, sand, or other materials
cemented by soluble silicate, and also when using other porous stone or material,
we form such porous matters into hollow triangular forms or tubes, by which
we are enabled to obtain more extended filtering surfaces withina given space
that can be obtained by other constructions of filters, and such triangular
tubes may be combined at pleasure according to various arrangements.
For the purpose of treating stone, bricks, or other surfaces by our process,
we employ fine siliceous sand, or powdered glass, or pulverized flint, or pumice

page_text: stone, or other suitable hard-or mineral substance, which we intimately mix
with a solution of silicate of soda or potash of a sp. gr. of about 1.200 or
1-300 into a consistence resembling paint, which we then apply by brushes in
the ordinary way of colouring or painting, or when desired to produce a
coloured or tinted surface we incorporate as much of the colouring matters,
such as are usually employed in distemper colouring or in ordinary painting,
with the sand or powdered glass, or flint, or pumice stone, or other suitable
hard or mineral substance and silicate, as the caso may be, and when suffi-
ciently dry we apply a solution of chloride of calcium generally, by preference,
of a sp. gr. of about 1-300 or 1:400 by means of a brush or otherwise, taking
care in such application that the solution of chloride of calcium shall float as
freely and as evenly as possible over the whole surface previously treated with
the compound of silicate and sand, &c., without in any way removing or dis-
turbing any portion thereof, the principal object of such application being to
effect a chemical combination of the chloride of calcium with the soluble
silicate of soda or potash, and to produce thereby an insoluble silicate of lime
enveloping and firmly cementing the particles of sand,glass,flint,pumice stones,
&c. to the stone, brick, or other surfaces to which the same has been applied.
Other solutions may be employed, such, for instance, as chloride of aluminum
or barium, which, in combination with a soluble silicate of soda or potash, will
form an insoluble silicate of alumina or baryta, but although we generally
prefer to use a solution of chloride of calcium, on account of its being more
casily obtained at a lower price, yet we claim the application of any solution
which shall be capable of combining with the soluble silicate of soda or potash,
so as to form an insoluble silicate. And in the manufacture of 'filters or parts
of filters we usually take of clean siliceous sand 6 parts, and pulverized clay 1
part, which we intimately mix with a sufficicnt quantity of silicate of soda of
sp.gr. of about 1-700, to bring the mixture into a plastic state suitable for
moulding. This mixture is then pressed into suitable moulds fitted with plugs
or cores, so as to form hollow bars or tubes of a triangular form in section,
as represented in the accompanying Drawings; these hollows bars or tubes are
then removed from the mould and are allowed to dry gradually, after which
they are placed in a suitable kiln and heated to a bright red heat, when they
are allowed to cool gradually before being exposed to the external atmosphere.
These hollow bars or tubes may be employed either singly or in a series of con-
nected bars or tubes covering any required surface, or they may be employed
in layers fitting one upon another, and merely separated by loose sand or
shingle, so as to allow the water to percolate freely alike on all the sides of the
triangular bars or tubes. When employed singly for ordinary household pur-

page_text: poses the ends of the hollow bar or tube are fitted with stops or plates, one of
which is provided with a pipe to carry off the filtered water after it has perco-
lated through the sides of the hollow bar or tube, as shewn in accompanying
sketch marked No. 1. When employed in combination for filtering large quan-
tities of water for manufactories or other purposes, any number of the bars or
tubes may be joined together to form continuous lengths, which are placed side
by side, as shewn also in the accompanying sketch marked No. 2, or placed
in layers, as shewn in sketch marked No. 3. In both of the latter arrange-
ments the filtered water is discharged from the inside of the bars or tubes
into a convenient receptacle or reservoir provided for the purpose..
We are aware thata material similar to that described above has been used
previously in the construction of filters, and we wish it to be understood
that we not claim the particular material, above described, in the manu-
facture of our filters, nor do we confine ourselves to the use of such material;
but we claim the manufacture and use of the hollow triangular bars or
tubes in the construction of filters or parts of filters above described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Frederic Maitland Ransome and
Ernest Leslie Ransome, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Twelfth day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-two.
FREDERIC MAITLAND RANSOME.
(L.S.)
ERNEST LESLIE RANSOME.
(L.S.)