Improvements in Apparatus for Aerating Water and other Liquids.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Mar., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 14th Dec., 1891-Accepted, 16th Jan., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Aerating Water and other Liquids.
I, EDWARD SAMUEL CHAVASSE, of Ombersley, near Worcester, Worcester-
shire, Aerated Water Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
This invention consists in the herein described improvements in apparatus for
aerating water and other liquids by which apparatus the complete mixing of the
carbonic acid gas and the liquid is ensured.
I will describe my invention as applied to aerating water.
In carrying out this invention I provide two strong air tight vessels which I will
call A and B mounted upon a suitable stand side by side. Adjacent to these I
provide a strong air vessel into which the gas and water are delivered under
pressure by the pump or otherwise. This air vessel is to absorb the beats of the
pump and equalize the flow to the vessels A or B. From the air vessel a pipe leads
upwardly to a four way cock from two branches of which pipes are led to the top
of the vessels A and B and connected to the herein after described saturators in
the said vessels. From the lower part of each of the vessels A and B there is
an outlet and each outlet has a reducing valve and from each reducing valve a
pipe is led to the four way cock above described. From the bottom of each of the
vessels A and B an outlet pipe furnished with a stop cock is led to a common pipe
below which is furnished with the taps to connect to the bottling machines.
Each of the said saturators consists of two or more discs or washers clamped
together face to face on a central pipe or inlet chamber. The meeting faces of
these discs or washers have, or the meeting face of one of them has, very small
nicks all round so that when the washers are clamped together these nicks form
minute holes leading from an internal space or spaces between the washers to their
periphery. The said internal pipe or inlet chamber is perforated communicating
with the space or spaces between the washers.
The apparatus above described operates as follows:-The gas and water are
forced into the said air vessel at a pressure of say 160 lbs. on the square inch
through the four way cock into the central pipe or inlet chamber of the saturator
in the vessel A (the connection from the air vessel to the vessel B meanwhile being
closed by the said cock) and as the gas and water issue through the said holes in
the washers the gas and water are broken up in the form of very fine spray and
thus thoroughly mixed together. The aerated water then passes through the
reducing valve (which reduces the pressure to say 60 or 70 lbs. per square inch)
and along the pipes through the four way cock and through the saturator in the
vessel B thereby further mixing the gas and water which finally issues from the
outlet pipe of the vessel B to the taps to the bottling machines.
By means of the four way cock the gas and water can either be led into the
vessel A. and then into the vessel B as above described or vice versa. Should the
small holes in the saturators become choked they can very casily be cleansed by
separating the washers a little and then washing them. To facilitate this the
saturators are made with caps which can be unscrewed and the saturators lifted out
of the vessels.
The four way cock is or may be arranged to be operated by the pressure of the
gas and water in the air vessel so as to automatically remain closed until the
pressure of the gas and water in the air vessel reaches say 160 lbs. on the square
inch, or any other fixed pressure, and then to open and allow the gas and water to
flow to the saturators and to remain open until the pressure of the gas and water
falls below that fixed pressure thus maintaining an uniform pressure in the air

page_text: vessel. Or the same object may be obtained by providing another reducing valve
in the said pipe leading from the air vessel to the four way cock.
Dated this 10th day of March 1891
CHARLES BOSWORTH KETLEY,
Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Aerating Water and other Liquids,
I, EDWARD SAMUEL CHAVASSE, of Ombersley, near Worcester, Worcester-
shire, Aerated Water Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention consists in the hereindescribed improvements in apparatus for
aerating water and other liquids by which apparatus the complete mixing of the
carbonic acid gas and the liquid is ensured.
I will describe my invention as applied to aerating water and I will refer to
the accompanying illustrative sheets of drawings on which
Fig. 1 represents the said apparatus in front elevation,
Fig. 2 shews the same in plan and
Fig. 3 is an end elevation of the same;
Fig. 4 is a front sectional elevation and Fig. 4* is a cross sectional elevation of
part of the same on an enlarged scale;
Fig. 5 is a full size sectional elevation and plan of one of the discs or washers
which form the saturators of the said apparatus ;
Fig. 6 shews one of the saturators separately and
Fig. 7 shews the four way stop cock of the said apparatus on an enlarged scale.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in all the figures.
In carrying out this invention I provide two strong air tight vessels which are
marked respectively A and B mounted upon a suitable stand C side by side.
Adjacent to these vessels and preferably between them as shewn I provide a strong
air vessel D into which the gas and water are delivered under pressure by the
pump or otherwise through the pipes E' E. This air vessel D is to absorb the
beats of the pump and equalize the flow to the vessels A or B. From the air
vessel D a pipe f leads upwardly to a four way cock G from the two branches gl g³
of which pipes H' and H2 are respectively led to the top of the vessels A and B
and connected to the hereinafter described saturators I¹ 12 in the said vessels.
From the lower part of each of the vessels A and B there is an outlet pipe marked
respectively J1 J' and each outlet pipe has a reducing valve marked
respectively K¹ K' and a pipe L common to each reducing valve K K is led up
to the four way cock G above referred to. From the bottom of each of the
vessels A and B an outlet pipe marked respectively a¹ b¹ and furnished with a stop
cock a b' is led to the taps such as m² m² m² m² (or there may be fewer or more
taps than four) to connect to the bottling machines.
The saturators I¹ I² each being of the same construction the description of one of
them, say that marked 11, will suffice. The saturator I then consists of two or
more (in this case twenty one) discs or washers N clamped together face to face by
the central bolt O on to which the discs or washers N are threaded.
At the top
of the saturator is a collar O' perforated with holes p' leading from its periphery to
internal spaces n in the discs or washers N and thus allow of the gas and water
passing down from the pipe H' and through the spaces n and out through the
minute holes n' in the periphery of the saturator these holes being formed by
making very small nicks n' all round the face of each washer which nicked face
comes against the plain face of the next washer. The bolt O may be tubular
and perforated with holes to communicate from the pipe H' to the spaces n in
the discs or washers but I prefer to make the said bolt solid as above described.

page_text: The collar O of the saturator fits in a recess in the mount Q fixed at the top
of each of the chambers A and B, these mounts having a removable cap q¹ which
can be unscrewed and the saturator lifted out for cleaning.
The apparatus above described operates as follows:-The gas and water are
forced into the air vessel D at a pressure of say 160 lbs. on the square inch and
they pass up through the pipe f and through the four way cock G and along the
pipe H and into the inlet chamber n of the saturator I' in the vessel A the con-
nection from the air vessel D to the vessel B meanwhile being closed by the
cock G and as the gas and water issue through the minute holes n' in the
washers N the gas and water are broken up in the form of very fine spray and thus
thoroughly mixed together. The aerated water then passes out of the vessel A
through the pipe J and through the reducing valve K¹ (which reduces the
pressure to say 60 or 70 lbs. per square inch or any other desired pressure) and
along the pipe L through the four way cock G along the pipe H and into the
inlet chamber of the saturator 12 in the vessel B through the small holes of which
the gas and air issue in a fine spray as before thereby further mixing the gas and
water which finally issues from the outlet pipe b¹ of the vessel B to the taps m¹ m²
mm to the bottling machines.
It will be seen that by means of the four way cock G the gas and water can
either be led from the air vessel D into the vessel A and from thence into the
vessel B as above described or vice versa. Should the small holes n¹ in the
saturators I¹ I become choked they can very easily be cleansed by removing
the saturator and separating the washers a little and then washing them. To
facilitate this the mounts of the saturators are as above described made with
caps q' which can be unscrewed and the saturators lifted out of the vessels.
A spring or other relief valve or reducing valve such as R Fig. 8 may be pro-
vided in the pipe f leading from the air vessel D to the four way cock G and
weighted by a spring or otherwise so as to automatically remain closed until the
pressure of the gas and water in the air vessel D reaches say 160 lbs. on the square
inch, or any other fixed pressure, and then to be opened by the extra pressure and
allow the gas and water to flow to the cock G and on to the saturators and to
remain open until the pressure of the gas and water in the air vessel D falls below
that fixed pressure thus maintaining a uniform pressure in the air vessel D.
S¹S are ordinary pressure guages to shew the pressure of the gas and water in
the vessels A and B and T T are water guages to shew the level of the water in
the same.
It will be seen that when the apparatus is at work as above described aerated
water at a high pressure can be drawn say from the vessel A and at a lower
pressure from the vessel B thus enabling high pressure syphon bottles to be filled
at the same time as ordinary aerated water bottles. Moreover if one of the
saturators get choked it can by closing the communication to its corresponding
vessel A or B be removed without stopping the bottling as the gas and water will
in the meantime pass through the other saturator only. By making the
saturators I¹ 12 of several discs clamped together as above described they can not
only be easily taken to pieces for cleaning but they can by increasing or
diminishing the number of washers used be made larger or smaller as may be
required.
The accompanying drawings illustrate which I consider to be the best way of
carrying my said invention into practice but it is to be understood that my said
invention is not limited to the precise details shewn.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In an apparatus for aerating water and other liquids the construction and use
of the saturators such as l¹ I' substantially in the manner and for the purposes set

page_text: 2. In an apparatus for aerating water and other liquids the use in combination of
an air vessel such as D and two air tight vessels such as A and B containing
saturators and furnished with pipes or communications and means for closing or
opening the same so that the mixed gas and water can pass at a high pressure from
the air vessel through one of the saturators into one of the other two said vessels
and then be reduced in pressure and pass through the other saturator into the other
said vessel or vice versa, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
3. In combination with an apparatus of the kind denoted under Claim 2, the use
of a reducing valve between the two vessels A and B so as to maintain a uniform
pressure in the vessel which contains the lower pressure substantially as herein-
before set forth.
4. The general combination and arrangement of parts constituting the improved
apparatus for aerating water and other liquids operating in the manner and for the
purposes substantially as herein before set forth and illustrated by the accom-
panying drawings.
Dated this 12th day of December 1891.
CHARLES BOSWORTH KETLEY,
Agent for the Applicant.