Improvements in or connected with Oil Motors for Vehicles, Cycles, Boats, and the like.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Oct., 1896
Complete Specification Left. 23rd Aug., 1897-Accepted, 23rd Oct., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Oil Motors for Vehicles, Cycles,
Boats, and the like.
We, JAMES ROOTS and CUTHBERT EDWARD VENABLES, both of 100, Westminster
Bridge Road, London, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
This relates to improvements in light high speed motors, chiefly used for propelling
vehicles. The crank pit is enclosed and airtight and is preferably made in two
portions bolted together, each carrying a bearing. The movement of the piston
producing suction and compression within the crankpit is utilised to deliver air,
suction and delivery valves being fitted for this purpose to a chamber bolted or
screwed to the side of the crankpit. This chamber forms the air pressure reservoir,
so that the pressure in the delivery pipe shall be equable and steady. The delivery
pipe conveys the air to the end of the oil feeder and the groove cut in the
oil feed spindle to supply the burner delivers its oil to the blast of air. The oil is
conveyed together with the air in a pipe, which, after passing once round the
interior of the vapouriser, terminates in a bell mouthed end directed upon the
ignition tube. The countershaft operating the exhaust valve is driven by a chain.
and chain wheels at half the speed of the crank shaft. This half speed shaft may
convey the power of the motor, it has fitted between its bearings a governor weight
in one casting connected by a link to a sleeve, within the groove on which works
one arm of a lever, the other end of which lever moves a small slide, which, as the
speed become excessive, slides in front of a block upon the exhaust valve spindle,
the pin through which block of hardened steel operates the oil feed spindle lever.
The end of the exhaust valve spindle telescopes within the cylindrical slide that
carries the roller running on the face of the cam which is keyed upon the
valve countershaft. The vapouriser of my usual construction is surrounded by a
cover, through a slot in the floor of which the starting burner is placed for starting.
The air for the combustion in the cylinder passes by a pipe through the floor plate
of the cover and has a filter of some textile fabric or wire gauze fitted at its end.
The additional air pipe is fed from the same filter.
In a twin cylinder engine one set of chain and chain wheels are used and one
governor and sleeve which operates one slide for holding open the exhaust valves
and thus stopping the feed of oil. The two cranks being placed in the one crankpit
with a bearing between them.
In a motor for driving the front wheel of cycles and vehicles the motor bearing is.
preferably formed by and passes through the axle of the wheel. A steel tube is
screwed into the bearing boss on the casting forming the crankpit of the motor,
within this, a close bearing fit, the crankshaft turns, on the outside of this tube
on ball bearings the wheel turns. The motor is on one side of the wheel preferably
placed vertically and the flywheel is on the other side. On the flywheel side of the
shaft a chain wheel is fixed driving by chain a chain wheel of double the size fixed
on a shaft at the top of the motor. The motor may form one arm or prong of the
fork, the other arin is formed of a single steel or double steel tube. The top.

page_text: countershaft running at half-speed drives the valve-gear. The valves may be of the
ordinary mushroom type working in the usual manner, but preferably one plug or
rotating valve serves the purposes of adinission and exhaust, and this is rotated by
the 1 to 2 countershaft. This rotating valve also feeds the oil or spirit, either may
be used in the small cycle-motors, a fixed quantity is measured into a pocket in the
plug and is swept through by the suction. When the speed is excessive the supply
is cut off, either by closing the feed cock or by ceasing to turn the plug valve by
means of the governor. On a second short spindle parallel with the former is fitted
a chain-wheel which drives the pneumatic or vehicle wheel through a chain wheel
fixed to the hub. Upon both spindles are fixed two toothed wheels. The one or
the other pair of wheels is brought into gear to change the speed as desired by
shifting the spindle or a sleeve upon it sideways, the chain wheel to permit of it,
being fixed on a feather. Springs may be fitted to the chain wheel to take the first
shock of gearing.
Or two driving contact wheels of wood or other material are fitted to either end
of an arm which is pivoted and may oscillate upon the countershaft or valve spindle.
A chain wheel is fitted upon the same spindle of much larger diameter than the
chain wheels at the ends of the arm, which drive the contact or propelling wheels.
One or the other contact wheel is pressed by means of a lever on the handle of the
cycle similar to a brake handle, on to the surface of the pneumatic tyres. One
contact wheel is larger, nearly double the size of the other, so that the speed of
the cycle is altered by changing the contact wheels.
If the ignition by the high compression of a second small piston be employed in
either form of petroleum motor, a second valve for admission of an igniting charge
is fitted on the cover. In the plug valve another port is provided to admit the igniting
charge.
This motor may be fitted to the axle of a tricycle with the necessary modifications,
or the motor may be duplicated. If a twin motor is attached to a front wheel one
is placed on each side of the wheel and double web cranks are employed. A coil of
pipe may be used as a cover for the flywheel to assist in cooling the jacket water.
Dated this Twenty-third day of October 1896.
JAMES ROOTS.
C. E. VENABLES,
Improvements in or connected with Oil Motors for Vehicles, Cycles,
Boats, and the like.
We, JAMES ROOTS and CUTHBERT EDWARD VENABLES, both of 100, Westminster
Bridge Road, London, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This relates to improvements in light high-speed motors chiefly used for propelling"
vehicles. The crank-pit is enclosed and air-tight and is preferably made in two
portions bolted together each carrying a bearing. The movement of the piston
producing suction and compression within the crank-pit is utilised to deliver air
(suction and delivery valves being fitted for this purpose) to a chamber bolted or
screwed to the side of the crankpit. This chamber forms the air pressure reservoir,
so that the pressure in the delivery pipe shall be equable and steady.
delivery pipe conveys the air to the end of the oil-feeder, and the groove cut in
the oil-feed spindle to supply the burner delivers its oil to the blast of air. The
oil is conveyed together with the air in a pipe which, after passing
The

page_text: the interior of the vapouriser, terininates in a bell-mouthed end directed upon the
ignition tube.
The exhaust valve shaft is driven by a chain and chain-wheels at half the speed
of the crank-shaft. This half-speed shaft may convey the power of the motor, it
has fitted between its bearings a governor weight in one casting connected by a link.
to a sleeve, within the groove on which works one arm of a lever, the other end of
which lever moves a small slide which, as the speed becomes excessive slides in front
of a block upon the exhaust valve spindle, the pin or pins in which block of hardened
steel operates the oil feed spindle lever. The end of the exhaust valve spindle
telescopes within the cylindrical slide, that carries the roller running on the face of
the cam, which cam is keyed upon the valve countershaft. The vapouriser of my
usun! construction is surrounded by a cover, through a slot in the floor of which
the starting burner is placed for starting. The air for the combustion in the cylinder
passes by a pipe through the floor-plate of the cover and has a filter of some textile
fabric or wire-gauze fitted at its end. The additional air pipe is fed from the same
filter. In a twin cylinder engine one set of chain and chain-wheels are used. The
two cranks are placed in the one crank-pit with a bearing between them. One
vapouriser is used with two oil-feeders,
In a motor for driving the front wheel of cycles and vehicles the motor bearing is
preferably formed by and passes through the axle of the wheel. A-steel tube is
screwed or otherwise secured into the bearing boss on the casting forming the
crank-pit of the motor, within this, a close bearing fit, the crankshaft turns; on the
outside of this tube on ball bearings the vehicle or cycle driving wheel turns.
The motor is on one side of the wheel, preferably placed vertically, and the fly-wheel
is on the other side. On the fly-wheel side of the shaft a chain wheel is fixed
driving by chain a chain-wheel of double the size fixed on a shaft at the top of
the motor. The motor may form one arm or prong of the fork, the other arm is
formed of a single steel or double steel tube. The top counter-shaft running at
half speed drives the valve-gear. The valves may be of the ordinary mushroom type
working in the usual manner. A rotating valve may feed the petroleum oil or spirit
in the small cycle motor, a fixed quantity is measured by a pocket in the plug and is
swept through into the cylinder by the suction. When the speed is excessive the
supply is cut off by censing to turn the plug valve by means of the governor.
second short spindle parallel with the former is fitted a chain-wheel which drives the
pneumatic or vehicle wheel through a chain-wheel fixed to the hub,
Upon both spindles are fixed two toothed wheels. The one or the other pair of
wheels is brought into gear to change the speed as desired by shifting the spindle or
a sleeve upon it sideways, the chain-wheel to permit of it, being fixed on a feather.
Springs may be fitted to the chain-wheel to take the first shock of gearing.
Or two driving contact wheels of wood or other material are fitted to either end of
an arm or frame plate which is pivoted and may oscillate upon the countershaft or
valve spindle. A chain-wheel is fitted upon the sune spindle of larger diameter than
the chain-wheels at the ends of the arm, which drive the contact or propelling wheels.
One or the other contact wheel is pressed by means of a lever on the handle of the
cycle similar to a brake handle, on to the surface of the pneumatic tyres. One contact
wheel is larger, nearly double the size of the other, so that the speed of the cycle i
altered by changing the contact wheels.
This motor may be fitted to the axle of a tricycle with the necessary
modifications, or the motor may be duplicated. If a twin motor is attached to. a
front wheel one is placed on each side of the wheel and double web cranks are
employed.
A coil of pipe may be used as a cover for the fly-wheel to assist in cooling the
jacket water.
Fig. 1, is a sectional elevation of the single cylinder motor for cars etc.
Fig. 2. is a part sectional plan of the same.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the governing slide.
Fig. 3, is a part sectional plan of a similar but twin-cylinder notor.

page_text: Fig. 3 shews the division of one annular casing with two vapourisers.
Fig. 4. shews the fly-wheel of this motor with the water cooling coil attached.
Fig. 5. is a part-section elevation of the lighter motor for light cycles etc.
Fig. 6. is a side elevation of the same shewing a portion of the cycle wheel.
Fig. 6 is a sectional view shewing the valves.
Fig. 7. is a plan view of the same.
Fig. 8. is a section of the petroleum feeding plug valve for this motor.
In the Drawings the same letters refer to the same parts.
Referring to Figs. 1, 2, and 3, A is the cylinder, B the piston, C the crank-shaft,
H¹ is the slide
H3 is the oil-feed
D the crank-pit chamber, D, the air cushion chamber, E the cylinder cover, F the
cylinder jacket, G the admission valve, H the exhaust valve.
operating the valve, H2 the exhaust valve cam, I the cam shaft.
lever having its fulcrum at H*. The lever H³ is operated by the pin or
pins Fig. 2 fixed on the block fitted on the spindle of the exhaust valve H. J is the
oil-feed spindle of my usual construction with two grooves, the one for supplying the
cylinder with oil, the other groove feeds the automatic burner as described in my
Specification No. 14756 of 1896. The shaft I is driven at half speed by means of
the two chain-wheels I¹ 12, it operates the valve H and the oil-feeder J by means of
the cam H. K is the governor weight pivoted by means of a pin through the
shaft, so that a degree of oscillation upon its pin is permitted. K¹ is the link
connecting K to the sleeve K2. The sleeve K2 operates the forked lever K³. The
lever K3 slides the sliding piece K in the guide K' and places it behind the
block K on the exhaust valve spindle which prevents the closing of the exhaust
valve H. As the lever H³ is operated by means of a pin K' fixed on the block K
(the end of the exhaust valve spindle telescopes within the roller slide H¹) the
prevention of the full stroke of the valve H prevents also the full stroke of the oil-
feed spindle J, so that the groove J which normally supplies oil to form the
explosive mixture in the cylinder, no longer supplies oil, the stroke of the spindle
being too short for the groove J¹ to enter the oil, but nevertheless a small quantity
of oil is fed to the vapouriser sufficient to keep the vapouriser channels moist with
oil awaiting the first working stroke following the cutting-out of the governor. A
small quantity clings to the spindle in its movement, which gives the slight excess
above the usual feed per stroke which is so necessary for that working stroke following
the cut-out.
The groove J supplies oil for the automatic burner Z¹ within the vapouriser Z
by means of the pipe J³, the air-blast of which is supplied by the pipe J in the
manner set forth in my Specification No. 14756 of 1896.
Fig. 2 shews the relative positions of the slide K and the block K fixed to the
exhaust valve spindle H on a larger scale. The pins K' operate the oil-feed
lever H³..
In the twin-cylinder engine shewn in plan Fig. 3 a similar arrangement of parts is
shewn as in the single-cylinder engine in Fig. 2, one chain and pair of chain-wheels
are used to drive the countershaft to which are keyed the two cains H2 H2. The
whole valve gear comes between the two bearings of the countershaft I as in the
single cylinder engine and the two exhaust valves H are fitted to and operate in one
casting. Two burner nozzles Z Z are fitted to play upon the ignition tubes Z²
within the vapouriser Z which is shewn on a larger scale at. Fig. 3*. It will be seen
that this vapouriser (having two separate oil-feeders) is divided in the manner shewn
into two distinct channels, so that the air for the cylinder A is always drawn through
its own half of the vapouriser and the same with the other cylinder. From the
entrance of the air at 73 to its passage through the valve G, as section Fig. 1 it is
retained in a separate channel throughout to the air for the other cylinder. The two
crank-pit chambers have one bearing between them fitted to the dividing wall, each
chamber is air-tight from the other and delivers air from the chamber D, for the
air-blast supply of the automatic burners playing upon the two tubes within
the vapouriser.

page_text: Wire-gauze filters may be applied to the ends of the two air inlets, Fig. 1ly therain
inlet for the vapouriser not shown and G the additional air inlet...
da
Referring to Figs. 5 and 6 the motor is placed. on one side of the driving wheel
which is preferably the front and steering wheel and the fly-wheel and driving chain
on the other. A is the cylinder, B the piston, C the crank-shaft, D the closed crank-
pit casing or chamber, E the cylinder cover, F1 are ribs cast in the usual manner on
the cylinder to cool it by radiation, but it must be understood the ribs,,are,,shewn..as
an alternative as the water-jacket is more reliable.
The tubes X X form one side of the usual front wheel fork of a bicycle.oritricycle.
while the cylinder and crank-pit casing form the other side of the fork, the head of
the fork and the handles are not shewn. X is the front wheel of the: motocycle;:
bicycle or tricycle, although the motor may be equally well applied to the back-wheet
of a bicycle or the axle of a tricycle.
115
The wheel I having twice the teeth of the wheel I the countershaft. I which
operates the valves and transmits the power rotates at half the speed of the crank-
shaft. The crank-pit D is in one casting having the closing plate D, to form, an
air-tight cover. The crank-pin then works in oil as it does in the horizontal inotor,
shewn in Figs. 1, 2, and 3. Tlie crank-shaft. C has its bearing in the steel tube C
which extends through the wheel from the crank to the chain-wheel I. The bearing
of the casting D screws over it at one end and at the other is held by the nuts at the
foot of the fork. The cones of the ball-bearings of the hub of the wheel X fit
over the steel tube C.
Of the two methods mentioned in the Provisional Specification for, driving the
cycle wheel, the latter is preferable and only that is shewn, it is very similar, to that
shewn in our Specification No. 17270, of 1896. The rollers W and Ware of suitable
material such as wood or papier-maché and have their external faces or rims slightly,
concave to better fit the tyre of the driving wheel and their faces, may be slightly,
grooved cross-wise. The chain wheel W2 is connected to the chain wheels, W
and W by the chain W7 indicated by the dotted line, Fig. 6, and the chain
wheel W's being fixed to the pin running on ball-bearings to which the roller W.is.
fixed, and the chain wheel W and the roller W are fixed on the same pin, so that
the rotation of the countershaft I is communicated to the rollers W and W', in
accordance with the respective diameters of the chain wheels which will be in
proportion to the desired speeds.
The frame plates W³ are fixed to the sleeve. We which is loose on the countershaft I
so that the frame plates and rollers are capable of oscillating on the shaft I... A
lever (not shewn) attached to the cycle handles in a very similar manner to the usual
cycle brake handle is employed to operate the rollers by oscillating the frame
plates W. The lever moves over the face of a rack (not shewn) having three notches
to hold the frame in three different positions, a mid position in which neither roller
is in contact with the pneumatic tyre, a position at which the roller, W is in contact,
and a position at which the roller W is in contact. The rider by shifting the lever
brings either the roller W for a quicker speed into driving contact with the tyre,,or
the roller W for a slower speed, or holds both the rollers out of contact with the
tyre for a non-driving position.
The exhaust valve H Fig. 6A is operated by the lever R which is, oscillated; upon
the fulcrum R' by means of the cam H2 upon the half-speed countershaft. The
lever R not only in its downward movement opens the exhaust valve H, but also
operates the petroleum feeder J, the groove of which at its highest position, enters the
space V which is kept supplied by the petroleum tank (not shewn). The petroleum
being delivered to the air space G2 is swept into the cylinder through the admission
valve G. Z is the ignition tube kept hot in any known manner by a lamp flame
surrounded by the usual casing.
Fig. 8. is a view of an alternative method of feeding the petroleum for light cycle
motors by means of the plug valve Q having the pocket Q which, being filled with
petroleum by the supply pipe Q2 is rotated by the' governor clutch, sleeve, Q, the
pocket is brought to the position shewn and the suction of the piston produces a

page_text: current of air in tlluidnection of the arrow and sweep off the contents of the pocket
through the channels to the adinission valves to
y
Toshigs: 3 and 4 is shown the method of cooling the jacket water. S is the fly-
wheel of the motor, the coil of piping S surrounds it, the water is pumped in at
the one end of the coil Fig. 4 and forced right round the coil and out at the other
end into the water tank, if one be used, or if the coil be of sufficient length, no
water tank will che necessary, and the water after leaving the coil may be returned
again to the jacket. The coil also serves as a cover for the fly-wheel. The centrifugal
action of the flywheel and the quantity of the air flung off at the periphery of the
Hy-wheel is much increased, and the efficiency of the cooling coil increased, by
affixing to the flywheel two three or more blades such as "S². It will be obvious
that various equivalents may be employed in lieu of the coil, such for instance as an
annulus having holes through it. Although ribs. are shewn on the cylinder in
Rigs 5 and 6, the coil S is preferably used, and is believed to be applicable to any
explosive inotor
now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
lain is
In petroleum or hydrocarbon motors. the method of governing by operating
simultaneonsly the exliaust valve and the oil-feeder in such a manner, that while the
exhaust valve is held open, the oil-feeder is given a less movement than normally and
feels a very silull quantity of oil relatively to the normal feed.
J2 In a petroleum motor a slide such as K moved at excess speed of the motor
by a goverhör in a guide such as K', behind a block fitted on the exhaust valve
spinal iclistide holds the exhaust valve open and simultaneously stops or
redded the feel the oil-feed being operated 'by means of the exhaust valve
spindle ins
T
2"
ig Obtaining a reduced stroke of the oil-feed spindle such as J by means of i
slide operated by the governor, so that a very slight 'feed of oil take place to the
vapouriser when the governor is cutting out the normal measured feed.
4: The combination of a governor and slide such as K, a block on the exhaust
valve spindle such as K and an oil-feed spindle such as J for the purpose
described.
5. In twin cylinder engine dividing a hollow or channeled ignition tube casing,
which serves to heat and vapourise oil into two distinct and separate channels or
vapourisers, each with an oil-feeder, thus keeping the whole passage way of the
oil and air for the one cylinder distinct from the other within the one-anular
casing
In a twin cylinder engine dividing the two crank-pits by an air-tight diaphragin
making two distinct and air-tight chambers each with a suction and delivery yalve
for the supply of air to two oil-feeders and nozzles forming a double automatic burner
within the vajduriser...
7. light petroleum motor for cycles etc. operating the valve and petroleum-
feeder in the manner described from a chain driven half speed countershaft,
egg light petroleum motor for cycles. etc. conveying the power and operating
the valve by the same half-speed countershaft which carries the motor governor,
substantially as described and shewn.
:
aight Petroleum motor, for cycles etc. fortning. the crank-pit chamber in one
cilsting with an air-tight cover and a bearing boss, the tube bearing for the crankshaft
being strewed or otherwise securely fixed in the boss and securing the other end of
the tube Bearing by tibes or stays from the top of the motor.
10. In a cycle or vehicle with the motor arranged as claimed in, the preceding
clan, pting the driving wheel in the position described and shewn surrounding the
tube bearing and between the motor and the tubular stays which conjointly form the
fork of the cele

page_text: 11. The combination of the motor as claimed in Claims 7 and 8 with the oil-feeder
shewn in Fig. 8.
12. The use of a motor as described herein with the friction driving rollers such as
are shewn at Figs. 6 & 7, substantially as described.
13. The use of a motor as described herein with the friotion-driving rollers and
lever operating the oscillating frame which carries the rollers as described.
14. În explosion motors using a coil of pipe surrounding the rim of the fly-wheel
to assist in cooling the jacket water.
15. In explosion motors conveying the water round a coil or its equivalent
surrounding the rim of the fly-wheel in order to cool it.
16. Increasing the efficiency of such a jacket-water cooling apparatus as claimed
in Claims 14 and 15 by means of blades or vanes such as are shewn in
Figs. 3 and 4.
Dated this Twenty-third day of August 1897