MENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS PAVING- BLOCKS OR THE LIKE FROM THE SLAG OR SCORIA OF BLAST FURNACES
Year: 1884

page_text: We GEORGE PATCHETT of Stockton on Tees in the County of Durham Scoria
brick Maker JOHN DIXON of Skelton-in-Cleveland in the North Riding of the
County of York Merchant and ROBERT TEASDALE of Darlington in the County of
Durham Ironfounder do hereby declare the nature of said Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS PAVING-
BLOCKS OR THE LIKE FROM THE SLAG OR SCORIA OF BLAST FURNACES" to be as
follows
Our Invention relates to the manufacture of bricks paving blocks or the like
from slag or Scoria and consists in improvements in the Kilns in which the said
bricks or paving blocks are annealed which are constructed with a bottom or floor
formed of one or more sloping or converging surfaces In the arrangement of a set
of Kilns the Kilns required in forming the set are so placed as to follow each other
in circular order so as to form a ring open at the end nearest the blast furnace
with another opening elsewhere for removal of the bricks or paving blocks when
discharged from the Kilns thereby facilitating the delivery of the bricks or paving
blocks to each Kiln in turn from moulds or boxes supported on the outside rim of
a large horizontal wheel which may be caused to revolve as required round a
central pillar from which it is suspended so as to overhang the kilns.
The moulds or boxes are provided with a flange or lip with a flat or ridged
surface overlapping the space between every two consecutive moulds or boxes to
avoid the waste of slag or scoria which falls between every two consecutive moulds
or boxes whenever the movement of the wheel required to change the delivery of
slag from one box to another presents to the line of descent of the falling slag the
uncovered intervening space.
F
In constructing our Kilns we use any form in ground plan which may be found
most suitable to any general arrangement of Kilns forming the set the arrangement
of the sides and the top being a matter of structural compactness. there being a
suitable opening at the upper part of one end provided for the admission of the .
bricks by means of a peel and doors at the lower part of the other end for their
discharge. The bottom or floor of the Kilns instead of being flat and level must be
formed of one or more surfaces sloping or converging towards the doors at any
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page_text: .
angle found to be most suitable for the object in view namely to reduce the
number of bricks or paving blocks lying at the bottom of the Kiln and to cause
them to pile up and rest upon each other in various angular positions and thus
reduce or dispense with the expenditure of fuel required in those Kilns where a
portion of the bricks lie on a flat or level bottom it being well known that bricks
or paving blocks when piled up on each other give off their latent heat into the
Kiln and so assist in the process of annealing themselves-Our form of bottom or
floor also presents greater faculties for rapidly discharging the Kilns from the
tendency of the bricks to roll out owing to the sloping floor or bottom on which
they lie. A small portion of the bottom' near the discharging doors may be flat in
order that a grate may be provided to serve the double purpose of burning a small
quantity of fuel if required to assist in annealing the bricks and to admit cold air
to assist in cooling them afterwards.
In constructing a set of Kilns to serve a blast furnace the number and capacity
of the Kilns must be sufficient to deal with the rate of supply of bricks or paving
blocks due to the flow of slag into the moulds or boxes so that each. kiln is always
discharged in time to take its turn when required for refilling.
These Kilns we place side by sidé preferably in circular order around the central
pillar from which is suspended the horizontal wheel carrying the moulds or boxes
at such a distance that these moulds or boxes overhang the Kilns, this arrangement
of kilns must be open at one part below where the slag falls into the boxes or
moulds the extent of this opening being such that the time occupied in casting as
many bricks or paving blocks as will bring each one from the position where the
molten slag flows into the' box to the top of the nearest kiln on either side is
sufficient to allow the molten slag or scoria time enough to become sufficiently, set
to be dropped out of the mould or box on to the top of the kiln.
As the bricks and paving blocks when annealed are discharged into the area
enclosed by the Kilns an opening between two Kilns must be provided through
which these bricks and paving blocks may be conveyed away as desired. The
moulds or boxes may be constructed in all respects similarly to those at present in
use that is, the separate parts of which they are formed may be held together by a
catch or spring and may be released by means of the said catch or spring when
required to drop the enclosed brick or paving block on to the kiln below but in
order to prevent the loss and trouble of the slag pouring down between two adjacent
boxes or moulds as often as the delivery of slag is changed from one to another we
provide one side of each mould or box with a lip or flange to overlap the space
between two adjacent boxes or moulds and fixing into the side of the next mould
or box or flanges projecting from the opposite sides of adjacent boxes may meet
and fix into each other. The surface of the flange or lip may be ridged when
necessary to prevent an accumulation of slag on its surface which would adhere
to the bricks or paving blocks contained in the moulds and prevent or obstruct
the said bricks or paving blocks from dropping out when released in the usual
manner.

page_text: We GEORGE PATCHETT of Stockton on Tees in the County of Durham Scoria
Brick maker JOHN DIXON of Skelton in Cleveland in the North Riding of the
County of York Merchant and ROBERT TEASDALE of Darlington in the County.
of Durham Iron. founder, do hereby declare the nature of our invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR. THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS
PAVING BLOCKS OR THE LIKE FROM THE SLAG OR SCORIA OF BLAST FURNACES
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our Invention relates to the manufacture of bricks paving blocks or the like
from the slag or scoria which exudes from a blast furnace and consists in improve-
ments in kilns for annealing the said bricks or paving blocks, which kilns
according to this Invention are constructed with a bottom floor or lower part
formed of a converging surface or surfaces instead of a flat bottom, the kilns being
arranged side by side in a circle or part of a circle coincident with the rim of a
wheel suspended above them and capable of revolving upon a central support.
To this rim moulds or boxes are secured for casting the bricks or paying blocks,
the said moulds or boxes being provided with a flange or lip with a ridged surface
to overlap the space between every two adjacent boxes.
And in order that our said Invention may be fully understood we will now
proceed particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to
the accompanying drawings in which like letters of reference are employed to
indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.
Figure 1 illustrates in plan our arrangement of a set of kilns arranged in a circular
series under the rim of the wheel which supports the moulds or boxes-Figure 2 is
a vertical section taken on line V V of Figure 1. Figures 3. 4 and 5 illustrate on a
larger scale one of the kilns separately, shewing the bottom or floor constructed
according to our Invention-Figure 3 being a sectional plan of the kiln taken on
the line XX, Figures 4 and 5; Figure 4 being a section of the kiln taken on
line YY, Figures 3 and 5; and Figure 5 being another section of the kiln taken
on lines Z Z figures 3 and 4-Figures 6. 7 and 8 are drawn to a still larger scale
than Figures 3. 4 and 5 in order to illustrate the part of our Invention relating to
the providing of a lip or flange to overlap each intervening space between adjacent.
moulds or boxes when they are secured in position to the rim of the wheel.
As shewn in figures 3. 4 and 5, the bottom surfaces of the kilns a¹ a² and a³ slope
from the sides of the kiln down to the level surface at which forms the lowest part
of the kiln and is situated near to the doors c at the discharging end of the kiln
for the purpose of fitting a grate into it so that fuel may be burned to generate
sufficient heat to anneal the bricks or paving blocks, which are first charged into
the kiln through the opening b and therefore find their way to the lowest part of
the kiln. We prefer to make this level surface at of small area in order that the
bricks or paving blocks may be tilted by the sloping surface of the rest of the
floor so as to pile up quickly and repose anglewise or edgewise upon each other, in
which positions they are less liable to coagulate and unite together when very hot
and soft, and in the process of cooling give off their heat more uniformly through
the whole mass of bricks or paving blocks with which the kiln is charged, and are
more readily removed from the kiln when the doors c at the discharging end are
opened The particular manner of sloping the bottom or floor may be varied to
suit the various forms of kilns without departing from the nature of our Invention
The whole of the series of kilns is arranged in a circular direction and above the
series is situated the rim of the wheel E capable of rotating upon the support G to
which rim the moulds or boxes D are secured, as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2-
The wheel E. may be constructed and rotated in any well known or convenient

page_text: manner of making and rotating such a structure, the office of the said wheel being
to bring the moulds or boxes D successively to a position where the slag as it comes
from the blast furnace will flow into them, as indicated in figure 2-Each kiln A is
discharged through doors c into the enclosed area below the wheel E; we therefore
provide an opening B at any convenient position between two kilns, through which
the bricks or paving blocks may be removed from the said enclosed area, as the
moulds D move some distance from the position where they receive the slag before
the slag is set sufficiently for the moulds to be opened for releasing the bricks or
paving blocks; and as the object of our Invention in bringing the kilns under the
rim of the wheel by arranging them in a circular direction is, that the bricks or
paving blocks when released from the moulds shall drop on to the top of the kiln
in which they are to be annealed, we prefer to leave the ring of kilns open on either
side of this position, as shown in figure 1, because the position of the kilns under
that part of the wheel which is too near this point could be attended with no labour
saving advantage The moulds or boxes D in which the bricks or paving blocks
are cast are provided with a lip or flange d, (as illustrated in Figures 6. 7 and 8),
which is ridged between the ends d¹ d² to prevent the slag from splashing when it
falls upon the ridge instead of into the moulds; the object of providing the lip or
flange is to overlap the space between every two adjacent moulds so that the slag
cannot run down between them and so cause both waste and labour. The ridged
lip or flange & may be also used for causing the slag to flow into two moulds at
once, which is an advantage when the slag from the furnace runs fast; in all other
respects (such for instance as the arrangement of levers and catches for holding
them together and for allowing them to be opened when required to drop the
enclosed brick or paving block) the said moulds or boxes may be arranged similarly
to those now in use.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is
Firstly. In means or apparatus for the manufacture of bricks, paving blocks, or
the like, from slag or scoria, the arrangement of a series of kilns side by side in a
circular direction, that is to say, in a circle or part of a circle, so that all the kilns
of the series are situated under the rim of a wheel carrying the moulds or boxes for
moulding the molten material, substantially as and for the purpose hercinbefore
described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Secondly. In means or apparatus for the manufacture of bricks, paving blocks,
or the like, from slag or scoria, forming the annealing kilns with converging or
sloping bottoms, floors, or lower parts, substantially as and for the purpose
hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Thirdly-In moulds or boxes for forming bricks, paving blocks, or the like, from
slag or scoria the employment of ridged lips or flanges, substantially as and for the
purposes herein before described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fourthly The arrangement and combination of parts constituting the apparatus
for manufacturing bricks, paving blocks, and the like from slag or scoria, substantially
as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 22nd day of November One thousand eight hundred and eighty four.