IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE POWER ENGINES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Batchelor, of Newport, Monmouthshire,
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM AND OTHER
MOTIVE POWER ENGINES."
Sealed the 11th February 1860, and dated the 16th August 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Batchelor at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th August 1859.
I, HENRY BATCHELOR, of Newport, Monmouthshire, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM AND
OTHER MOTIVE POWER ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate, first, to where two pistons connected together,
so as to work simultaneously, operate in the same cylinder or in separate
cylinders placed opposite each other, so as to act as one; the steam or
other power employed only acting on the outer surfaces of each piston,
by which the two pistons will act as a single piston. And the improvements
consist in providing such cylinder or part cylinders with means for a rapid
escape of the exhaust steam or other power, in addition to the ordinary
exhaust ports when the pistons arrive near the extremity of the stroke.
For this purpose, I form such parts of the cylinder or cylinders with a
series of passages, by preference, all round the same, and of united area
sufficient for the purpose. The passages communicate with the eduction
pipes, and (when steam is employed) hot water cistern.
The improvements relate, secondly, to when using such double pistons in
a single cylinder or in separate cylinders to means of communicating motion

page_text: to the main axis, so as to obtain a balance of the pressure. For this pur-
pose, in place of connecting such pistons to a double crank, the pin of which
passes through the connecting parts of the pistons, I employ two half cranks,
the pin of each of which passes into guides or traverses on opposite sides of
such connecting parts of the pistons, and they are so arranged that the half
cranks travel in opposite directions, one to the other. When two of such
double or compound cylinders are working together, the main shaft will be
divided into three parts, the outer or end parts of which travel in the same
direction, whilst the middle part travels in the opposite direction thereto.
When only one, the main shaft will be in two parts, and one part will
travel in an opposite direction to the other.
The improvements also relate when employing double pistons acting in
a cylinder of the character referred to, to means for regulating the flow of
steam or other power to the respective ends of the cylinder, so as to obtain
simplicity of the parts. For this purpose, the pin of the crank (a single or
half one), which receives motion from the pistons is connected to the
valve or valves from within the cylinder.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Batchelor in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 16th February 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
BATCHELOR, of Newport, Monmouthshire, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Henry Batchelor, Her special licence that I, the said Henry Batchelor,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as 1, the said Henry
Batchelor, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE POWER ENGINES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Henry Batchelor, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should

page_text: particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Batchelor, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
The improvements relate, first, to where two pistons connected together so
as to work simultaneously, operate in the same cylinder or in separate cylinders
placed opposite each other, so as to act as one; the steam or other power
employed only acting on the outer surfaces of cach piston, by which the two
pistons will act as a single piston. And the improvements consistin providing
such cylinder or part cylinders with means for a rapid escape of the exhaust
steam or other power in addition to the ordinary exhaust ports, when the
pistons arrive near the extremity of the stroke. For this purpose I form
such parts of the cylinder or cylinders with a series of passages, by prefer-
ence, all round the same, and of united area sufficient for the purpose. The
passages communicate with the eduction pipes and (when steam is cm-
ployed) hot water cistern.
The improvements relate, secondly, to when using such double pistons in a
single cylinder or in separate cylinders, to means of communicating motion to
the main axis, so as to obtain a balance of the pressure. For this purpose in
place of connecting such pistons to a double crank, the pin of which passes
through the connecting parts of the pistons, I employ two half cranks, the pin
of each of which passes into guides or traverses on opposite sides of such
connecting parts of the pistons, and they are so arranged that the half cranks
travel in opposite directions one to the other. When two of such double or
compound cylinders are working together, the main shaft will be divided into
three parts, the outer or end parts of which travel in the same direction, whilst
the middle part travels in the opposite direction thereto. When only one, the
main shaft will be in two parts, and one part will travel in an opposite
direction to the other.
The improvements also relate when employing double pistons acting in a
cylinder of the character referred to, to means for regulating the flow of
steam or other power to the respective ends of the cylinder, so as to obtain
simplicity of the parts. For this purpose the pin of the crank (a single or
half one) which receives motion from the pistons is connected to the valve
or valves from within the cylinder.

page_text: Aud in order that my invention may be most fully understood and readily
practised, I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1, Sheet 1, shews a longitudinal section, and Figure 2 a transverse
section of a steam engine constructed according to the first p
part of
my Inven
tion suitably arranged for working with high-pressure steam, although this is
not essential as the same arrangement of parts would be equally applicable to
condensing engines, by the addition of ordinary condensing apparatus, or other
gases or fluids may be employed for giving motion to the parts if desired. The
letters on each Figure refer to similar parts. The cylinder c in this arrange
mcut is formed in two parts connected together by flanges at i, leaving a space
or opening between them for the introduction of the plummer block and cap
71, 72. The cylinder is formed with a jacket communicating with the hot
cistern, or it might be the condenser t, t. Steam is introduced through the
steam pipe and stop valve o, and thence through the expansion valve e and
slide valves u, v, into the cylinder c, to give motion to the piston p, p, which is
formed of a cylindrical shape, and fitted with a suitable packing ring at each
end to render it steam-tight. In the sides of the piston apertures are formed
of such a shape as to admit of its motion clear of the shaft a, a, and plummer
blocks n. The crank, and a portion of the shaft a, a, revolves within the
piston, and receive notion from it by means of a link a' which is attached to
a pin & fixed at one end of the piston.
When the piston arrives at each end of the stroke, the exhaust steam makes
its exit into the jacket c¹, cl, and hot cistern or condenser (as the case may be)
by means of the exhaust passages x, x, opening into the steam jacket c', c', to
the hot cistern and finally through the waste pipe w. These outlets are
additional to the ordinary exhaust ports at the slide valves v, v. The slide
valves are worked by means of a pair of spur wheels m, n, one fixed on the
shaft a, a, the other on the valve spindle 1, 2, which works through a stuffing
box into the slide valve casing, the motion being transmitted to the slide by
means of the crank and rod at 2, and the pair of toothed wheels k, k, also give
motion to the spindle and expansion valve e, which, as shewn in the Drawing,
is arranged to cut the steam off at a quarter stroke. Motion is communicated
to the governor g by means of pullies, and by a strap to the spindle y, y;
ff, is the fly-wheel; and s, s, the cylinder covers, one of which is recessed so
as to adapt it to the projection formed on one end of the piston to receive
the pin b, to which the link a' is connected.
I will now describe the second part of my improvements in steam or other

page_text: motive-power engines when using double pistons in a single cylinder or in
separate cylinders, shewing how motion may be communicated to the main
axis, so as to obtain a balance of the pressure on the piston.
Figure 1,Sheet 2, is a longitudinal section through one of the cylinders of
a pair of marine engines suitably arranged for carrying out the second part of
my Invention; Figure 2 is a transverse section through the main shaft centre ;
Figure 5, a plan partly in section; and Figure 4 an end view of the same.
The letters refer to similar parts in each Figure. Steam is admitted to the
cylinder c through the steam pipe y to a portion of the jacket or casing c¹, c',
and thence to the slide valve casing s,s, through the upper sides of the cylinder
covers, to give motion to the double piston p, p, each end of which is fitted
with steam-tight rings, such as were described in respect to the first part ofiny
Invention The two ends of the piston are connected together by a plate, and
the cranks and crank pins, of which there are two in each cylinder, work in
guides p' on each side of the central plate which connects the two pistons
together. The cranks are so arranged that the pressure on the piston is
perfectly balanced, the crank and shaft a, a, rotating in one direction, while
the cranks m, m, on the intermediate shaft rotate in the opposite direction.
The motion of the several cranks are indicated by the arrows on the Drawing.
When the piston arrives at either end of the stroke, the exhaust steam
escapes through the slide valves, thence through the passage on the lower
part of each cylinder cover into the hot cistern or condenser, and also through
the additional openings a, a, into the steam jacket, and, finally, through the
waste pipe w, w. The power is transmitted from the shafts a, a, to the screw
propeller or other shaft o, o, by means of the spur wheels and pinions n, n, and
d, d, and the power may also be transmitted from the intermediate shaft m to
the shaft o by suitable gearing connected with the shaft m where the excentrics
are shewn, the slide valves in such cases being worked in any other con-
venient manner. 2, 2, are wood sleepers, on which the engine is bedded; and
, gear and excentrics for working the slide valves.
In Sheet No. 3 I have shewn another modification of an engine constructed
according to this part of my Invention, in which the pressure on the piston is
balanced by another mode of connecting the cranks with the piston, which is
the one I prefer to employ. Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a cylinder
of the same character as that shown in Sheet No. 1; Figure 2 is a horizontal
section of the same, shewing the construction of the piston and cylinder covers
in place of the guide motion. The power is transmitted from the piston at o,
by means of a pair of links connected to the cranks a and m. The motion of
the cranks is indicated by the arrows, and they move in opposite directions.

page_text: Motion may be communicated to a screw propeller or other shaft in any
convenient direction from the main crank shafts a aud m, by means of a
crossed driving band or by an intermediate gearing wheel on one side of
the engine, the motion on the other side being communicated by a straight
band and direct gear, and where the two motions have to be resolved into
one, it may be conveniently done by bevil wheels placed on each shaft a and
m working into a bevil pinion either in line with the cylinder or otherwise.
In carrying out the third part of my Invention, Figures 3 and 4, Sheet 3,
shew so much of parts of an engine constructed according to the previous
parts of my Invention having this part of my improvements applied thereto,
in which arrangement the slide valves are worked by means of cranks,
which receive motion from the crank pin on the main crank shaft, which
will be readily understood on examining the Drawing.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine
myself to the exact details herein shewn and described so long as the eculiar
character of my Invention is retained; but what I claim is,-
First, the combining and arranging the pistons and cylinders of steam or
other motive-power engines with additional exhaust ports, and the mode of
giving motion from such pistons to the crank shaft and slide valves, as
described in respect to Sheet 1 of the Drawings.
Secondly, I claim the combination and arrangement of the parts of such
engines so as to obtain a balance of the pressure on the piston, as described
in respect to Sheet 2, and Figures 1 and 2, in Sheet 3, of the Drawings.
And, thirdly, I claim the mode of giving motion to the slide valves of such
engines, as described in respect to Figures 3 and 4, in Sheet 3, of the
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Batchelor, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
Witness,
J. G. TONGUE.
HENRY BATCHELOR. (L.S.)