Improvements in the Manufacture of Biscuits and the like.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Dec., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 26th Sept., 1894-Accepted. 27th Oct., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Biscuits and the like.
We JOHN VICARS, THOMAS VICARS, and JOHN VICARS the Younger, all
of 56 Seel Street Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Hitherto in the manufacture of biscuits, cakes, and the like, the mixing of the
dough materials, the rolling and re-rolling and working of the dough, the gauging
of the dough, or its formation into a sheet of uniform thickness and the cutting out
of the biscuits or cakes, and the placing of them on the pans or trays, have been
performed by a number of independent machines working separately and inter-
mittently. The conversion of the dough materials into biscuits has therefore
been a comparatively slow operation, besides requiring a large number of hands
to conduct the various operations and convey the materials from machine to
machine.
Now our invention consists essentially in conducting the manufacture of biscuits
and cakes continuously and in providing suitable apparatus therefor thereby
reducing the number of attendants required and increasing the speed of
production.
The process of manufacture consists essentially of mixing, spreading, gauging,
cutting and panning in unison so as to obtain connected action.
Apparatus, suitable for carrying our invention into practice, has a dough
material mixer which discharges into a consolidator or spreader delivering the
dough between rolls for making a continuous sheet of uniform thickness, cutting
and shaping appliances next act on the continuous sheet to separate the same into
biscuits, cakes or the like which are delivered to travelling pans or trays and
conveyed to the oven.
Per pro J. T. KING,
J. Johnson,
Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Biscuits and the like.
We JOHN VICARS, THOMAS VICARS, and JOHN VICARS the Younger, all
of 56 Seel Street, Liverpool in the County of Lancaster Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
-
Hitherto in the manufacture of biscuits, cakes, and the like, the mixing of the
dough materials, the rolling and re-rolling and working of the dough, the gauging
of the dough or its formation into a sheet of uniform thickness and the cutting
out of the biscuits or cakes, and the placing of them on the pans or trays, have
been performed by a number of independent machines working separately and
intermittently. The conversion of the dough materials into biscuits has therefore
been a comparatively slow operation besides requiring a large number of hands
to conduct the various operations and convey the materials from machine to
machine.

page_text: Now our invention consists essentially in conducting the manufacture of biscuits
and cakes continuously and in providing suitable apparatus therefor, thereby
reducing the number of attendants required and increasing the speed of
production.
The process of manufacture consists essentially of mixing, spreading, gauging,
cutting and panning in unison so as to obtain connected action.
Apparatus suitable for carrying our invention into practice, has a dough
material mixer which discharges into a consolidator and spreader, delivering the
dough between rolls for making a continuous sheet of uniform thickness, cutting
and shaping appliances next act on the continuous sheet to separate the same into
biscuits, cakes or the like which are delivered to travelling pans or trays and
convexed to the oven
Fig. 1 is an elevation, and Fig. 2 a plan showing the general arrangement and
construction of apparatus used in our improved system of making biscuits.
Figs. 3 and 4 are sectional views at right angles to each other, ani Fig. 5, a plan
of the consolidator and spreader on a larger scale.
a, are dough mixers of any usual or suitable construction mounted on a floor or
frame b. The said dough mixers are operated through driving pulleys c, and are
fitted with shoots a. d, travelling web or conveyor for delivering the mixed dough
materials flowing down the shoots a¹ into the hopper of a consolidator and
spreader. driving gear for giving notion to the web d. The said hopper is
provided with rotating shafts, fitted with screw blades. The bottom of the
hopper e opens into a tapering nozzle 9. A rotating worm h, runs along the bottom
of the hopper to the end of the said nozzle, whilst two subsidiary rotating
arms, h³, run along the bottom of the said hopper e at each side of the main
worm h, to the entrance of the nozzle g. i, guard plate over the worms h, h', h²,
leaving a passage at each end between the upper and lower parts of the hopper.
i, delivery way from the nozzle g divided into sections by the pieces j'. The top
half of the nozzle g above the way, is made in sections g' carried in guides g³, in
the lower half. The said sections g' are moved into and out of position so as to
allow of ready access by means of rack and pinion gear ³ and hand wheels y'.
The sections may move on hinges instead of sliding. k, adjustable mouth carried
on slides, beneath the discharge way j. rotating delivery rolls carried by the
lips of the mouth k. kscrew and hand wheel for adjusting the position of the
mouth beneath the way j. flour troughs for the rollers 1. m driving gear for
giving motion to the shafts, and worms h, h', . n break having receiving web n',
delivery web n² and break rollers n³. n driving gear. This portion of the
apparatus is of any usual or suitable construction. o, frame carrying gauging
rollers at p, biscuit cutting devices at y, and panning apparatus at r, substantially
in the manner of our well known or other suitable machines for gauging dough and
cutting and panning biscuits. s, driving gear.
il
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-The materials to form the dough
are run into the mixers and are therein stirred up and mixed in any usual way.
The mixed materials pass by the shoots a' on to the travelling web d by which
they are deposited in the hopper e. Here the screw blades act on the dough so as
to force it in the direction of the arrows on to the worms h, h, h². The said
worms h, h', ², force the dough along the nozzle g, until it exudes in a sheet
through the mouth between the rollers 1, if the dough cannot flow out through
the mouth k, as fast as it is carried forward by the worms h, h¹, h, the surplus is
forced past the end of the guard plate i into the upper part of the hopper e.
exuding sheet of dough is prevented from sticking to the rollers by means of the
surface of such rollers being coated with flour in the troughs . The pieces j
prevent the dough from flowing too much towards the end of the nozzle, the sheet
of dough flows from between the rollers ou to the endless band n', thence through
The

page_text: between the break rolls n³, and is carried by the web n³ to the gauging rollers p,
cutting devices 9, and panning apparatus r from whence the pans of biscuits are
removed to the oven. As each machine has separate driving gear, the speeds are
readily regulated so as to cause the whole to act in unison.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
First. Manufacturing biscuits by continuously mixing, spreading, gauging,
cutting and panning in unison substantially as set forth.
Second. The combination of dough mixers, consolidator and spreader or sheet
former, and gauging, cutting and panning apparatus all acting continuously and
conjointly for the purpose set forth.
Third. In continuous acting biscuit-making machinery a dough consolidator and
spreader or sheet-forming apparatus consisting of mixing-arms, forcing-worms, and
taper nozzle with delivery way substantially as set forth.
Fourth. In a dough sheeting machine, the combination of rotating arms
and worms separated by a guard plate substantially as and for the purpose
set forth.
Fifth. In a dough sheeting machine, a delivery way divided into sections, and
provided with an adjustable mouth substantially as set forth.
Sixth. A dough sheeting machine with a taper nozzle having movable top
sectious substantially as set forth.
Dated 25th day of September 1894.
J. T. KING,
Agent.