IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING FOR CASTING METALS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Wright Jones, of Pendleton, near Manchester, .in
the County of Lancaster, Brass and Iron Founder, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING FOR CASTING METALS."
Scaled the 12th January 1858, and dated the 16th July 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Wright Jones at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
July 1857.
I, WRIGHT JONES, of Pendleton, near Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Brass and Iron Founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING FOR CASTING METALS," to be as
follows:-
Instead of the usual method of moulding the required pattern in sand or
loam to be cast in metal, I cut the pattern out of the sand or loam by a cutter
made the peculiar shape or form desired; for example, suppose I wish to cast
a wheel of any desired diameter or pitch, I fix a vertical rod or standard in a
proper central position to this vertical rod. I have an arm adjustable to any
position by a screw or similar contrivance, which arm turns or revolves on the
said vertical rod at the end or required position of the said arm. I fix tho
pattern of the tooth I wish to mould on such a part of the projecting arm as
will give the required diameter of the wheel, and by pressing the said pattern

page_text: into the sand or loam, it will cut out the form of tooth required instead of
moulding it as hitherto donc. We then draw the pattern out and repeat the
operation the whole of the circumference. It is evident that by using an
index wheel or index plate 1 can adjust the said pattern to any pitch required,
and by a quadrant on the projecting arm I can adjust it to any bevil. This
plan of forming or cutting the design in the sand is applicable to pullies, and
most of articles hitherto moulded by the usual and well-known process.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Wright Jones in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
15th January 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WRIGHT
JONES, of Pendleton, near Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Brass and
Iron Founder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord Ono
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her reign,
lid, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Wright Jones, Her special licence that I, the said Wright Jones, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Wright
Jones, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING FOR
CASTING METALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Wright Jones, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Wright Jones, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say) :-
My improvements consist in cutting out of the sand or lofm the required
mould or pattern of the article to be cast, instead of the usual mode of

page_text: moulding, thereby preventing the great expense and loss of time consequent
upon the use of the present complicated patterns.
I employ a cutter made of the peculiar shape and form desired, and attach
it to any convenient apparatus or framework; for example, suppose I wish to
cast a toothed wheel of any required diameter or pitch, I place a vertical shaft
in suitable bearings, so that it may revolve with steadiness in partial or entire
revolutions, as may be required.
To the shaft I fix an arm adjustable to any desired position by a screw or
other contrivance, and place upon the arm at the radius required a tool or
cutter holder, in which is placed the cutter of the form of a tooth, which
cutter is capable of sliding up and down, or to and fro, according to the work
required. By pressing the cutter into the sand or loam it will cut out the
form required, the operation being repeated throughout the entire circum-
ference. It is evident that by using an index plate or dividing wheel placed
either in the sand or loam, or in any position on the vertical shaft, I can
adjust the arm or cutter to any pitch required, and also by connecting the tool
holder with the quadrant I can adjust it to any bevil, and thereby adapt it for
cutting the moulds or patterns of bovil wheels. By employing suitable cutters,
this plan of forming or cutting the mould or design in the sand or luam is
applicable to pulleys, and a great number of articles hitherto moulded by
pressing and filling in of a pattern formed for the purpose, which pattern in
my improved arrangement is now dispensed with in whole or in part.
'
These improvements will be clearly understood by reference to the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings, with the figures and letters of reference
thereon, in which Fig. 1 represents an arrangement for cutting out of loam or
sand the moulds or patterns of spur wheels; Fig. 2, a plan of the same;
Fig 8, a quadrant adapting the cutter to bevil gear; Figs. 4 and 5, views of
a cutter, drawn to an enlarged scale; Figs. 6 and 7, views of bevil cutters för
cutting the rim as well as the teeth; and Fig. 8, another form of cutter
adapted to any kind of tooth.
In Figs. 1 and 2, a represents the sand or loam in which the mould or
pattern is made, upon which I place a frame or fixing b, having at its upper
part a pedestal c, in which is placed the vertical shaft d, resting at the bottom
of the chair or bearing e; the said shaft is perfectly plumb, and has fixed
upon it the arm f, divided into inches and parts similar to the common rule
for measuring, and fixed at any required height by the screw g. Upon the
arm fis adjusted by the screw h the tool or cutter holder i, in which is guided
the cutter j, having its depth of movement regulated by the screw k. In the
sand or loam I place a dividing wheel I, having holes or teeth to suit the pitch

page_text: or division required. When a space of the tooth has to be cut out, a rod m is
placed in one of the holes or teeth of the dividing wheel or index plate, and
the arm placed firmly against it, the cutter, whose length of movement has
been properly adjusted, is then pressed into the sand or loam (as shewn in the
Drawing), cutting out and holding the sand or loam in the shape of the tooth;
the cutter is then lifted up and the sand or loam cleaned out, which operation
is repeated as often as necessary.
In Fig. 3, representing a cutter holder adapted for bevil wheels shewn in
one working position by the dotted lines, n is the cutter, made so as to cut
the rim as well as the tooth; the said cutter is guided by the rod o in the
frame p, forming part of a quadrant or regulating plate q, made fast by the
bolt to a similar quadrant or plate s, which is attached at any desired
position to the arm f, Fig. 1. It is evident that by this or similar apparatus
any angle of bevil can be obtained.
In Figs. 4 and 5, I represent detached views of one form of cutter, con-
sisting of a shell of metal or other suitable material, as thin as it can be used
with safety; the tooth or cutter is pressed into the sand or loam in the
direction of the arrow, and holds in its compartments the sand or loam
forming the mould or pattern of one of the teeth. As the cutter is pressed
down, the sand or loam is forced out through an opening in the back or root
of the tooth or cutter, at the bottom of which there is a projection t, to hold
the sand or loam firm or solid during the process of cutting.
Figs. 6 and 7 are detached views of a taper cutter, with or without com-
partments for bevil gear, which is also pressed in the direction of the arrow.
And Figs. 8 and 9 are views of another arrangement of cutter acting
reversely to those before described; it is provided with webs or partitions
of any suitable width, and when pressed in the direction of the arrow into
the sand or loam, the latter is cut and held in the compartments or partitions,
and afterwards lifted out.
I may here observe, that the arms and boss of the wheel or other articles
are formed in the usual way with green or dry sand cores.
This improved mode of cutting moulds or patterns for casting is so simple
and easily understood, that it is not necessary to describe the application to
other articles, as after my description of proceeding with toothed wheels it
will be easy for any skilled workman to adapt the cutters and apparatus to the
kind of work required.
Having thus fully described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be distinctly
understood that I do not confine myself to the exact details herein set forth

page_text: as such may be varied or modified without departing from the principle
thereof; but I claim the cutting out of sand or loam the moulds or patterns,
either in part or whole, of the article to be cast, instead of moulding, as
hitherto adopted.
In witness whereof, I, the said Wright Jones, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-
named Wright Jones, in the presence of
E. J. HUGHES, Patent Agent,
Manchester.
WRIGHT JONES. (L.B.)