Improvements in Apparatus or Machinery for Breaking or Disintegrating Stones, Minerals, and other Substances.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Oct., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 29th Feb., 1892-Accepted, 2nd Apr., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus or Machinery for Breaking or
Disintegrating Stones, Minerals, and other Substances.
I, SAMUEL BARBER of 8 John Street Adelphi in the County of London
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention refers to the construction and arrangement of machinery as here-
after described for breaking and disintegrating stones, minerals &c. by submitting
such materials to a succession of shocks or blows delivered in such a manner as to
obtain the greatest possible efficiency of the power used. This I effect by means
of a series of picks, hammers or bars moving within a screen or grid which latter
is either fixed or revolved according to the nature of the materials and the size and
nature of the required breaking.
According to my invention I provide one, two or more rows or rings of bars
rivetted or bolted to a disc which latter on being revolved causes these bars to
revolve inside a chamber or case and at a regular distance from one, two or more
rows or rings of bars which latter are fixed to the casing intermediately with, and
outside of, the rows or rings of moving bars but are as aforesaid permanently fixed
to the casing or chamber walls of the mill. There is an opening in the case
provided with flanges or attachment lugs for fixing an ordinary continuous worm
or helical arm feeding arrangement, or shoot, on to the mill, by which means the
materials to be broken are or may be delivered into the inside of the chamber
falling upon the inner row or ring of moving bars, which are placed at such a
distance apart as may be required by the sizes of the pieces fed in to ensure them
being caught and thrown up against the bars, thus avoiding a waste of power.
The pitch or spacing of the fixed bars is settled or arranged so as to reduce the
materials down to a proportionate size, between that at which they are introduced
in the mill, and that which they are to be reduced to and to the number of rows of
bars used.
The pitch of the moving bars also is such, as will ensure pieces of the size
coming from the fixed bars, being caught between them and broken by the blow or
thrown forward against the outer fixed bars, which go right across the mill, and
form the final grating or grid or mesh screen against which and through which the
breaking is completed.
Each row or ring of bars is made up of cast segments and the moving bars may
be round or of hexagonal shape.
The fixed bars are made of a slightly different shape being designed both with
regard to the sizing and screening of the pieces, before allowing them to pass on
and also to the simplicity of casting by sections in boxes.
The outermost row of fixed bars is formed so as to bring these bars within the
outermost pitch distance of the moving bars, thus preventing any choking of
the mill.
This mill reduced to its simplest form would be one row of fixed outer bars, with
one row of moving bars within them, and works in that form for coarse grinding or
breaking, and a development of this form of mill is where the moving bars are
replaced by hammer heads or picks, the object being to break the pieces introduced
into the mill with the least percentage of small possible.
In this arrangement I make the outer row of bars a complete grid or mesh
screen, for completely sizing the broken pieces, and for the greater efficiency of the
mill I give this grid or mesh a slow rotation by means of spur gearing.
A further development of this mill is where the hammer or pick heads, instead
of being fixed to a revolving disc, are slung on to arms which are keyed on to the

page_text: central shaft which projects inside the mill, so that the hammer or pick head as it
descends shall give a sharp cleap blow, and then losing its momentum fall behind
its fixed arm upon which it is hinged, thus rising above and clearing the materials
in the mill.
Another development of this mill designed to avoid the grinding of the broken
materials after the blow has been given, is constructed so that the picks or hammer
heads are fixed to arms, keyed on to a shaft driven independently from the same or
opposite side from which the grid or mesh is driven, which may be driven by spur
gearing and carried on antifriction rollers.
The axis of the arms may be otherwise than concentric with the grid, and the
motion of this grid may in these cases be either towards or away from the picks,
according as found convenient the object being to present the large pieces to the
blows, which may be done either by bringing them up towards the picks or hammers
or revolving the grid away from them when the larger pieces thus receiving the
blows fall over and down.
Dated this 19th day of October 1901
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus or Machinery for Breaking or
Disintegrating Stones, Minerals, and other Substances.
1, SAMUEL BARBER, of 8 John Street, Adelphi in the County of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My invention refers to the construction and arrangement of machinery as here-
after described for breaking and disintegrating stones, minerals, and other
substances by submitting such materials to a succession of shocks or blows delivered
in such a manner as to obtain the greatest possible efficiency of the power used.
This I effect by means of a series of picks, hammers, or bars, moving within a
screen or grid, which latter is either fixed or revolved according to the nature of
the materials and the size and nature of the required breaking.
And in order that my said invention may be readily understood, I will describe
the same with reference to the hereunto appended sheets of drawings, in which the
same reference letters are used to indicate like parts in corresponding figures.
Figures 1 and 2 are sectional elevation and sectional plan respectively, sbewing
one example of my improved mill for grinding or disintegrating the materials acted
on down to any degree of fineness, and Fig. 3 is a detail view of same drawn to a
larger scale than the previous figures. A A' are one, two, or more rows or rings
of bars rivetted or bolted to a disc A' mounted on a shaft A' carried in bearings
and driven by a pulley A, the shaft A³ on being revolved causes these bars A. A¹
to revolve inside the chamber or case B and at a regular distance from one, two, or
more rows or rings of bars C C³, which latter are fixed to the casing B inter-
mediately with and outside of the rows or rings of moving bars A. A'. D is an
opening in the case provided with flanges or attachment lugs for fixing an ordinary
continuous worm or feeding arrangement or shoot, not shewn in the drawing, onto
the mill, by which means the materials to be broken are, or may be, delivered into
the inside of the chamber falling upon the inner row or ring of moving bars A,
which are placed at such a distance apart as may be required by the sizes of the
pieces fed in to ensure them being caught and thrown up against the bars C, thus.
avoiding a waste of power which is experienced in having the bars of revolving
mills all at or about an even pitch, in which case the large pieces are turned over
and round and only gradually broken down, the inner bars thus having to do the

page_text: greater portion of the work, which by my arrangement is done by the outer ones in
their proper turn, thus the work of the mill is more evenly distributed, choking
prevented, and efficiency increased.
The row of fixed bars C (which in a very simple form of my mill may be the
outer row, but in the particular form shewn it is the intermediate row) is formed or
constructed with a ring C Fig. 2 and may be made in segmental parts, being held
in a rebate formed in the side of the outer casing B. The pitch or spacing of the
fixed bars is settled or arranged so as to reduce the materials down to a pro-
portionate size between that at which they are introduced in the mill and that
which they are to be finally reduced to, and to the number of rows of bars used.
The pitch of the moving bars A' also is such as will ensure pieces of the size
coming from the fixed bars being caught between them and broken by the blow or
thrown forward against the outer fixed bars C¹.
The outer row of fixed bars or grid C' extends right across the mill and forms
the final grating or grid or mesh screen against and through which the breaking is
completed, the pitch and distance from the moving bars A' (see Fig. 2) of the
bars C is fixed accordingly so that no piece greater than the required size can fly
off from the outer moving bars A' on its centrifugal path, without coming into
contact with one or more of these bars and thus being broken down to the required
size to pass freely between the fixed bars C' which are formed as seen at Figs. 2
and 3.
"
Thus by having a row or series of rows of fixed bars intermediate to and outside
of the moving bars, I get all the advantages of a series of different relative move-
ments, the relative speeds being equally well given, whilst I save all the power
required to drive one series in a contrary direction to the other and the entire
resistance of the outside row of bars in the outer chamber of the mill where the
particles take up their centrifugal lines of path, and according to my invention, I make
the outer casing suited to these paths and to the quantity of material coming through
the mill, and thus ensure that the mill shall clear itself without unnecessary "eddying'
space, that is to say, clearance space between the final bars or grid and the outer
casing. Each row or ring of bars is made up of cast segmental pieces and the
moving bars are of the hexagonal shape shewn, ensuring either a blow to a piece of
the material to be broken, or its being thrown onwards again, whilst at the same
time this shape enables these segments to be cast very simply and with little
expense, and the manner of fixing them enables them to be fitted with great
accuracy and strength, and being turned and faced to gauge, new ones can be put
in to replace old worn out or broken ones, with great ease and saving of time.
The fixed bars are made of a slightly different shape, being designed both with
regard to the sizing and screening of the pieces before allowing them to pass on,
and to allow of free clearance of the pieces when reduced to the required size,
and also to the simplicity of casting by sections in boxes. The spacing across the
path of the particles thrown off from the moving bars being fixed, the bars are
formed with a strong front face to receive the shocks, the back face sloping back
to give the required pitch, and then the outer portions of both back and front faces
are sloped out to reduce the size of the bar where metal is unneeded and enable
the particles to get away freely. Thus supposing the material which is to be
broken has been placed into the apparatus through the charging aperture D the
said material is immediately caused, by reason of the centrifugal action set up by
the rotation of the bars, to fly radially outwards, the said bars and frame A A¹ A³
rotating in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 3. The inner moving bars A are
shaped as shewn in the latter figure, the pieces of material being struck by the
surfaces a, and the various bars A are arranged at such a suitable pitch and distance
apart that the said pieces of material are deflected by the said surface a from their
direct centrifugal path, and impinge against the surface c of the bars C, the
surfaces a being sloped away as aforesaid to bring a dead face to strike the pieces
against, and a like face c on the bars C, C¹ being sloped as aforesaid to give a
clearance for the passage of the particles. The particles are struck in a similar

page_text: manner by the bars A' and C'. It should be observed that the outer faced bars C
are bent inwardly, this being done in order that the distance (shewn in Fig. 2 and
marked between the bars A' and C' shall be less than the width of the apertures
between the bars themselves (C', Fig. 1), by this means the apertures of the bars C¹
cannot become jammed, as a piece sufficiently large to obstruct the exit would not
pass through the space d, Figure 2. The bars C are formed in segmental parts
and are placed in the rebate formed in the one side frame B, and the segmental
parts composing the rings are held with bolts.
In some cases I have found it preferable to construct the connecting rings of the
bars C in segmental parts, and fit these parts so as to be more readily removable.
This construction will be understood by reference to Fig. 4, which is a part sectional
plan view corresponding to Fig. 2. Here it will be seen that the groove to take
the ring C is formed somewhat dovetailed, while at a part of the groove, say near
the doors E, E, the groove is continued, but a portion of the same is formed or
completed by a movable plate C2x bolted to the framework. The plate C** having
been removed, a segment of the rings and bars may be placed in and slidden to the
bottom in and round the circular groove, and then another and so on, the last
segment being secured by the plate C²x being replaced and bolted up.
The outer bars C are also formed in segmental parts and placed in position as
follows: The doors or covers E E' are thrown back, thus exposing the upper
half of the groove (that is the part E E', Fig. 2, is removed): a segment of the
ring is then dropped into the recess and slidden to the lower part of the groove
and then another segment is similarly placed, and so on, until the ring of bars or
grid C¹ is complete, when the covers are closed and bolted together by their upper
flanges. By these means the bars, or grid or portions of same, may be readily
removed without taking the machine to picces, and without the necessity of
employing skilled labour.
The formation of the casing of the mill forms a centrifugal clearance chamber B*
round the outer bars C¹, so that choking is practically impossible, whilst at the
same time the arrangement of doors E E' enables the mill to be got at and
inspected at once; the hinged doors can be thrown open, and the mill taken out
or new segments put in, with little delay.
In the mill or crusher as shewn in Figures 1 and 2, the degree of fineness to
which the materials are ground depends upon the arrangement of the bars, their
shape, and the spacing of them according to the centrifugal paths of the particles
at the necessary velocity for the breakage of such material, and allows of the
particles of a denser material, which may be introduced into the mill, passing
through the mill with less breakage than the lighter material, the heavier particles
passing away from the moving bars in a more normal direction than the lighter
particles, and the mesh measured relatively to these paths being larger than for
those of the lighter particles, the heavier particles will pass through of a much
larger size.
This feature is of great practical utility in coal breaking, the slag
being less broken and passing through in comparatively much larger pieces is
consequently very easily separated afterwards.
This mill reduced to its simplest form would be composed of one row of fixed
outer bars with one row of moving bars within them, and I may employ that form
for coarse grinding or breaking. A development of this form of mill is shewn in
longitudinal and transverse vertical sections respectively at Figs. 5 and 6 where
the moving bars are replaced by hammer heads or picks, the object being to break
the pieces introduced into the mill with the least percentage of small possible.
A is the revolving disc or frame carried by the shaft A³, mounted in bearings
and driven by the belt pulley A', as in the previous figure; in this arrangement
the frame A has arms A¹ extending therefrom to the connecting ring as before,
but the arms A' (three in number in the example shewn) carry hammer heads
or picks A**, these being attached at varying distances from the disc or frame A³,
so that each hammer will operate in a different section of the mill. In this
arrangement I form the bars C¹ as a complete grid or mesh screen for completely

page_text: sizing the broken material, and to promote greater efficiency of action I communicate
to the grid or mesh screen C¹ a slow rotary movement. For this purpose I have
shewn the screen C¹ mounted upon rollers C C C and rotated by means of a
toothed wheel G bolted to the disc or frame C¹ and gearing with a pinion G'on
shaft G³ driven by spur wheel G³ and pinion G from shaft A³.
By these means I keep the materials in the mill continually on the move and
allow the pieces, directly they are broken, to fall through, or to drop back if not
broken down sufficiently to fall freely through the grid or screen C, and thus save
unnecessary breakage from blows, or the collection of pieces at the bottom choking
the mill. D is the feed aperture as described at Figs. 1 and 2. This grid or
mesh screen is, similarly to the screen bars before described, most conveniently
cast in sections and bolted up or rivetted together. The pick-heads are so formed
and placed upon the crossbars as to break the material to a size that will pass
freely through the outer grid or bars, that is to say, the distance of their path
from the grid being less than the distance across any opening of the said grid.
Figs. 7 and 8 shew in vertical transverse and longitudinal sections respectively
a further development of this mill where the hammer or pick heads A¹× instead of
being fixed to a revolving disc or frame are jointed onto arms A' which are keyed
onto the central shaft A, which latter projects inside the mill.
The mesh or grid screen in this form is exactly similar to that shewn in
Figs. 5 and 6, and driven and carried in the same manner, but the revolving arms
are made so that the hammer or pick heads Ax as they descend give a sharp
clean blow, and then losing momentum, fall behind the fixed arms upon which they
are hinged, thus rising above and clearing the materials in the mill and not causing
unnecessary loss by being forced at a rapid rate through the broken material and
thereby causing further or unnecessary breakage and grinding which is to be
avoided. Or these arms may be fixed or rigid (unhinged) and keyed to the shaft
as described for the hinged bars; D is the feed aperture.
Figs. 9 and 10 shew in vertical transverse and longitudinal sections respectively
another development of mill constructed according to my invention, and also
designed to avoid the grinding of the broken materials after the blow has been
given. A are the picks or hammer heads fixed to arms keyed on to the shaft A³
which shaft is driven independently; the grid or mesh screen C' may conveniently
be driven by spur gearing and carried on antifriction rollers as shewn in
Figs. 5, 6, 7, and 8 or as shewn in these Figs. 9 and 10 by being fixed to a
revolving disc as in Figs. 1 and 2. The axis of the arms may be otherwise than
concentric with the grid as is shewn, and the motion of this grid in these cases may
be either towards or away from the picks according as found convenient, the object
being to present the large pieces to the blows, which may be effected either by
bringing them up towards the picks or hammers or revolving the grid away from
them, when the larger pieces fall over and down towards the hammers to receive
the blows: D is the feed aperture.
In the mills or breakers as shewn in Figs. 5 to 10 the materials are broken down
to a certain fixed size with the least possible production of small or dust, and
should any large foreign and unbreakable matter be introduced into the mill, the
action of the mill upon the other material will not be seriously interfered with or
the mill broken thereby, the increased resistance and irregularity caused by its
presence immediately attracting notice, when it can be removed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. In apparatus or machinery for breaking or disintegrating stones, minerals, and
other substances, a mill composed of one, two, or more rows or rings of bars,
hammers, or picks to which a rotary motion is given, the same being located within
a ring or rings of bars, a grid, or screen, either fixed or revolved according to the
nature of the materials and the size of the required breaking, all enclosed in an

page_text: outer casing, provided with movable covers or doors, and arranged somewhat
eccentric to the rings composing the mill, whereby choking is prevented, as
set forth.
2. In apparatus or machinery for breaking or disintegrating stones, minerals,
and other substances, a mill essentially composed of one, two, or more rings of
bars A A, formed in segmented parts, a carrying disc A', a driven shaft A³,
together with one or more rings of fixed bars C C³, formed in segmented parts,
an outer case B, arranged eccentrically to the mill rings, with doors E E and
feed aperture D, the bars A A C C' having striking surfaces a, c, and chamfered
to allow clearance at a', c', the said bars being set at less distance apart in a
radial line than the bars are apart circumferentially, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
3. In apparatus or machinery for breaking or disintegrating stones, minerals,
and other substances, the combination with an outer casing B, and a slowly rotated
grid or mesh screen C, of an inner series of more quickly rotating arms carrying
picks or hammers A¹, arranged either concentrically or eccentrically within the
aforesaid screen C¹ substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
1x
4. In apparatus or machinery for breaking or disintegrating stones, minerals,
and other substances, the combination with a fixed or slowly rotated mesh
screen C¹, of independently driven arms A' having hinged thereto hammers or
picks A, all substantially as herein described and illustrated with reference to
Figs. 7 and 8 of the accompanying drawings.
5. In apparatus or machinery for breaking or disintegrating stones, minerals,
and other substances, the particular construction and arrangement of the casing B,
forming a centrifugal path clearance chamber, whereby choking of the mill
by the broken material is prevented, substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.
6. In apparatus or machinery for breaking or disintegrating stones, minerals,
and other substances, the combination with a casing B, with doors E E¹, and
rotary bars, hammers, or picks, of fixed or slowly rotated bars, grid or mesh
screen, formed in segmental parts and held together by bolts, grooved framing, or
other device, all substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth.
7. In apparatus or machinery for breaking or disintegrating stones, minerals,
and other substances, the particular form construction and combination of the
bars A A C C substantially as herein described and shewn, with especial reference
to Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 20th day of Febru 1802