Im- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING FILES
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer & Patent Agent, for the Invention of "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING FILES."-A communication from
abroad by James Cooper Cooke, of Middletown, Middlesex County,
Connecticut. U.S.A.. Machinist.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th June 1860.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer & Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING FILES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a certain mode of applying the chisel stock in a
file-cutting machine, whereby the chisel is caused to operate in such a manner
as to tend to throw up or raise the edge of the cut above the surface of the
file blank, in a similar manner to that in which it is done in cutting files by
hand, by the attachment of the chisel stock at two points to two vibrating
rods, by which it is made to receive a movement for the purpose of throwing
up the cut; and I provide for shifting the two fixed centres on which the
vibrating rods above mentioned work, for the purpose of giving the chisel a
greater or lesser degree of horizontal movement by means of a movable plate,
or its equivalent, so applied as to provide for the raising and lowering of said
centers.
It also consists in a certain construction of the chisel stock, whereby the

page_text: cutter may be caused in its operation so to adjust itself to the face of the
file blank as to cut to a uniform depth all across the blank, which I effect
by forming the chisel stock of two parts, one of which is capable of a rolling
or oscillating movement.
It also consists in certain means of controlling the force applied to the
chisel to produce the cut, whereby such force is proportioned to the width of
the several parts of the blank, and consequently to the resistance offered to
the cut, and hence the cuts are made of uniform depth from end to end of a
file, notwithstanding its varying width. For this purpose I provide for the
controlling of the force applied to the chisel, so that it shall be always in pro-
portion to the varying width of a file blank, by means of a compound cam
applied & governed so as to give a greater or less lift to the chisel or
hammer, according as the width is greater or less at the part presented to
the chisel.
It also consists of an improvement in the means attached to the file bed for
securing the ends of the file blank, and in an improved contrivance which
presses down the blank upon the bed at the point near the chisel at the time
of the operation of the chisel, but which is removed from the blank at the
time of the feed movement thereof, by the combination of a single chisel-edged
dog applied at the point of the blank, and the double or grooved chisel-edged
dog applied at the heel of the file blank. I also employ for holding down the
file blank at the time of the operation of the chisel a presser, which possesses
different elasticity in a proper direction to enable it to adapt itself to the
varying thickness of the blank, and to blanks of different thickness, and which
is raised from the blank before and kept raised during the feeding operation.
It also consists of an improved arrangement of the file carriage in com-
bination with the feeding mechanism, to provide for the adjustment of the
carriage to vary the angle of the cut without disturbing the feed mechanism,
by making the guide or guides for the file carriage adjustable around the axis
of a feed pinion, gearing with a rack formed upon or attached to the said
carriage.
It also consists of an improved stop-motion for uncoupling the drawing
pulley or gear from the main shaft of the machine, and thereby stoping the
machine when the cut has proceeded to the end of the file blank as far along
as may be desired, by so combining a clutch lever by which the driving pulley
or gear may be uncoupled from the main shaft of the machine, with an
adjustable wedge attached to the file carriage, that the said wedge may be
made to act upon the said lever to uncouple the pulley or gear at such point
in the movement of the carriage as may be desired.

page_text: And it further consists in the use, in connection with the file-cutting machine,
of a chisel-sharpening apparatus of a novel character, as herein-after specified,
by which, while the operation of cutting a file proceeds with one chisel, the
sharpening of another is proceeded with, or by which the sharpening of chisels
can be performed while the file-cutting mechanism is at rest.
The chisel-sharpening apparatus consists of a sharpening stone placed upon
a horizontal bed, which is arranged to slide horizontally in a direction parallel
with the main shaft on two guide rods attached to a carriage, which is
arranged to slide horizontally on ways mounted on the standards of the
machine. The stone is secured to the bed between suitable clamps. The
carriage derives a reciprocating motion on the ways from a lever which derives
the necessary motion to make it move the carriage from the grooved eccentric
cam which is secured to the driving pulley. The carriage has arranged within
it under the bed two centres, between which is hung the shaft of a grooved
barrel cam, whose axis is parallel with the guide rods, and whose groove
receives a pin secured in the bottom of the carriage, said groove being of such
form that one revolution of said cam will produce a movement of the stone
bed back and forth along the guide rods a distance nearly equal to the whole
width of the stone. The rotary motion of the cam is produced by means of a
ratchet wheel on its shaft, and a spring dog attached to the bottom of the
standard, the said wheel having one of its teeth brought against the dog by
the movement of the carriage, and so caused to rotate a short distance every
time the carriage moves back and forth on the ways. The chisel holder
consists of a stock attached to a bar, the lower portion of which is straight,
and the upper portion of the form of an arc. The straight portion of the said
bar is arranged to slide freely in a vertical direction in fixed guides attached
to the standard and bed plate at one side of the carriage, and the upper arc-
formed portion bends over the said carriage & the stone bed. The stock has
the chisel secured in it between a pair of dovetail clamps, the latter of which
is made movable, and forced up to the chisel by set screws, and the bead of
the said stock is fitted to the inner face of the arc-formed portion of the bar,
and to a slot in the said bar, in such a manner as to permit of its being
adjusted higher up or lower down the said arc-formed portion, to vary the
inclination of the chisel according to the desired bevil of its cutting edge. The
stock is secured to the bar in the desired position by means of a screw attached
to the former, and passing through the slot in the latter, and a hand nut
applied to the said screw outside of the arc. The chisel thus secured being held
upon the stone by its own weight, aided by the weight of the stock and bar,
while the stone has a reciprocating movement with the carriage parallel to its

page_text: edge, is sharpened as the operation of cutting proceeds, and as the stone, in
addition to the movement it receives along with the carriage, has also a
gradual movement with the bed in the direction transverse to the movement
of the said carriage, every part of the stone is in its turn brought into
operation, and consequently it is made to wear almost uniformily. The chisel-
sharpening operation can be performed while the cutting mechanism is not in
operation.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
28th December 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer and
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Clark, Her special licence that I, the said William Clark,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
William Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR CUTTING FILES," a communication from abroad by Mr. James
Cooper Cooke, of Middletown, Middlesex, County Connecticut, U.S. A.,
Machinist, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William
Clark, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Clark, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-

page_text: lowing statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto.
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
:-
This Invention consists in a certain mode of applying the chisel stock in a
file-cutting machine, whereby the chisel is caused to operate in such a manner
as to tend to throw up or raise the edge of the cut above the surface of the
file blank, in a similar manner to that in which it is done in cutting files by:
hand.
It also consists in a certain construction of the chisel stock, whereby the
eutter may be caused in its operation so to adjust itself to the face of the file-
blank, as to cut to a uniform depth all across the blank.
In also consists in certain means of controlling the force applied to the
chisel to produce the cut, whereby such force is proportioned to the width of
the several parts of the blank, and consequently to the resistance offered to
the cut, and hence the cuts are made of uniform depth from end to end of a
file, notwithstanding its varying width.
It also consists in an improvement in the means attached to the file bed for
securing the ends of the file blank, and in an improved contrivance which
presses down the blank upon the bed at a point near the chisel at the time of
the operation of the chisel, but which is removed from the blank at the time
of the feed movement thereof.
It also consists in an improved arrangement of the file carriage in com-
bination with the feeding mechanism, to provide for the adjustment of the
carriage to vary the angle of the cut without disturbing the feed mechanism.
It also consists in an improved stop motion for uncoupling the driving
pulley or gear from the main shaft of the machine, and thereby stopping the
machine when the eut has proceeded to the end of the file blank, or as far
along it as may be desired.
And it further consists in the use, in connection with a file-cutting machine,.
of a chisel-sharpening apparatus of a novel construction, substantially as
herein-after specified, by which, while the operation of cutting a file proceeds.
with one chisel, the sharpening of another is proceeded with, or by which
the sharpening of chisels can be performed while the file-cutting mechanism
is at rest.
The Invention is illustrated in the acciupanying Drawings, in which Fig. I
is a front elevation of a machine with my improvements, representing the bed.
plate and some parts of the framing, and the file bed, and carriage in section ;
Fig. 2 is a rear elevation of the same, with the driving pulley and clutch and
one of the bearings of the main shaft in section; Fig. 3 is a vertical section
transverse to Figs. 1 & 2, taken nearly as indicated by the line x, x, in Fig. 1,

page_text: and showing all the parts on the left of that line; Fig. 4 is an elevation of the
end of the machine at the left hand of Fig. 1, with the chisel, operating cam,
and the bearings of the shaft of said cam in section; Fig. 5 is a horizontal
section of the machine; Figs. 6, 7, 8, & 9 are views of some of the details of
the machine, which will be herein-after explained. Similar letters of reference
indicate corresponding parts in the several Figures.
A is a strong bed plate, and B a stout standard which constitutes the main
framing of the machine. The form of these parts may be understood by a
comparison of the several Figures of the Drawing. C is the main shaft
arranged horizontally in bearings on the back part of the standard B; D is
the carriage to which the file bed E, on which the file blank 7 is supported
during the cutting operation, is secured by bolts a, a, said carriage having
attached to one side a guide strip b, which is fitted to slide in a guide in the
plate bolted to the bed plate A; F is the principal portion of the chisel
stock, consisting of a stout iron bar attached by pin joints c, c, to two parallel-
rods G, G, of equal length, which are arranged to vibrate upon pins d, d
which attach them securely to a plate H, which is secured firmly to the front
of a plate I, which is bolted securely to the standard B, the said rods having
always an upward inclination from the stock toward the plate II when the
chisel is in contact with the file blank. The bolts e, e, which secure the plate I
to the standard, pass through two slots e', e', in the standard, which are curved
in the form of arcs described from the centres of the pins c, c, while the chisel
J rests on the file blank. These slots permit the plate I to be raised or
lowered to vary the inclination of the two rods G, G, without altering the
inclination of the chisel stock. The plate H is secured to the plate I by
means of two bolts f,f', the latter f' fitting snugly into a hole in the plate H,
and screwing into the plate I, and the former f passing through a slot g in the
plate II, and screwing into the plate I, the slot 9 being made in the form of
an arc described from the centre of the bolt f' to permit the adjustment of the
plate H to vary the inclination of the chisel stock. The chisel is used without
a hammer, and produces its cut by a direct blow upon the file blank. The
stock is to effect the blow upon a roller h fitted to a stud secured to and
projecting from the back of a cam K, l, which is fast upon a shaft L which is
arranged transversely to the main shaft in bearings in the standard B, and
geared with the said shaft by a pair of mitre wheels M, M, and the blow is
given at a proper point in the revolution of the cam by means of a powerful
spring N, which is secured in a block N' bolted to the plate H, and which
always bear upon a stud i secured to and projecting from the front of the
chisel stock. The movement given to the chisel stock by the cam and spring

page_text: above mentioned is caused by the rods G, G, working from the two fixed
points d, d, to have a compound character, that is to say, it has a direct
longitudinal motion without any change of its inclination, and a slight hori-
zontal motion which is produced by the movement of the points c, c, in arcs of
circles. This horizontal movement during the descent of the stock is toward
the plate II and toward the heel of the file blank, and bas the effect of making
the chisel throw up the cut in a direction toward the heel of the file, in which
direction the chisel. stock has its downward inclination. By adjusting and
securing the plate I in a higher position the rods G, G, are caused to
have a greater inclination from a horizontal position, and by that means the
chişel stock is caused to have a greater amount of horizontal movement, and
so to throw up the cut more, and by adjusting & securing the said plate in a
lower position the opposite effect is produced. To provide for regulating the
force of the blow of the chisel the block N to which the spring N¹ is attached.
is arranged swing on a screw N which attaches it to the plate II, and
the said block is secured to the said plate by a second screw N³ passing
through a curved slot in the block described from the screw N. By slackening
the screw N and turning the block on the screw N2 in one direction or the
other, and then tightening up the screw No again, the force exerted by the spring
on the stud i is caused to be increased or diminished according to the direction
in which the block has been turned. To facilitate the turning of the block a
screw N is employed, said screw having a journal turned in it, so that it may
turn freely without moving endwise in a bearing in the plate II, & being so-
arranged that its thread gears with notches in the bottom of the block N;
by turning this. screw when the screw NS is slackened the block can be turned
with great ease. The chisel J is not attached rigidly to the bar F, which
constitutes the principal portion of its stock, but is secured rigidly by screw
bolts j, j, or other convenient means, to a holder F¹, best shown in Fig. 6,
which represents the lower part of the bar F in section. This holder is made
with a shaft k, which is fitted to turn in a bearing in the lower part of the
bar F, the axis of the said shaft, when in its bearing, occupying a position
transverse to the rod as to the line of the edge of the chisel. To prevent
the impact of the blow acting too severely upon the shaft k, the head of the
holder Fis made concentric with the shaft, and fitted snugly into a seat of
corresponding form in the bottom of the bar F. By the construction. of the
chisel stock of two pieces F and F', as described, and the use of a firm solid
file bed, the edge of the chisel, on coming into contact with the file blank, will
be caused to adjust itself to the face thereof, and if the steel is of equal soft-
ness all across the blank, a cut of uniform depth from one edge to the other

page_text: will be produced. The chisel which I employ is made concave on both sides,
as shown in Fig. 1, as I find that it stands better in that form than when
having a regular taper, and less grinding is required whenever regrinding
becomes necessary. The cam K, 1, by which the chisel stock is lifted, is of a
peculiar construction, which is best illustrated in Figs. 4 & 7, the latter of
which exhibits a face view of the said cam detached from the machine, the
object of such construction being to enable it to lift the chisel higher, so that
it may give a heavier blow on the wider parts of the file blank where, owing
to the greater bearing for the edge of the chisel, the cut would be less deep if
the force of the blow were uniform. The said cam is composed of two prin-
cipal parts K and 1, of which K is fixed relatively to its shaft, and 7 is
moveable relatively thereto. The body K of the cam is firmly secured by
screws m, m, to the face of an elliptic or oblong plate K', which is keyed to
the shaft L, and its periphery is composed of two nearly semi-circular arcs of
different radius 12 and 18, both concentric, with the shaft united on one side of
the axis by an abrupt radial line 14, and on the other side by a gradual curve
15. The other part or piece is of the form of an arc greater than a
quadrant, its interior corresponding with the smaller arc 12, and its exterior
with the larger are 18 of the body K. It is attached rigidly to a straight
slide, which is fitted to slide in a groove which extends radially all across
the face of the plate K' at the back of the body K, the central line of the
said slide crossing the axis of the shaft at ninety degrees from the radial line
14. By the movement of this slide the piece
the smaller arc 12 and radial line 14 of the
be made to constitute a continuation of the larger are 13 of the body, as shown
in Fig. 7 in black outline, or be thrown out from the body, as shown in
Fig. 1, and in red outline in Fig. 7. The said slide has attached to its back
an antifriction roller, which, as the cam rotates, works round a groove n in
the face of the plate P, which is fitted to turn loosely on the shaft L, and which
has on its edge a toothed sector n', the pitch line of which is concentric with
the said shaft, and which gears with a pinion Q, which is fitted to turn freely
on a fixed horizontal stud o, secured to the standard B. To this pinion Q
there is secured a mitre wheel gearing with a mitre wheel R', which is fast
on a horizontal shaft R, which is arranged in bearings on the standard B
above the bearings of the main shaft C, and furnished also with a pinion R,
which gears with a toothed rack S, that is fitted to slide longitudinally and
vertically in a guide in the standard B. This rack is furnished with a stud p,
which passes through a slot in the standard, and enters the groove in a cam T,
which is fast on an upright shaft T, which constitutes part of a train of
may be brought close against
body K, so that its exterior may

page_text: gearing for effecting the movement of the carriage D to feed the file blank to
the chisel, which will presently be fully described. The above-mentioned
cam T has a very slow rotary motion while the machine is in operation, and
its action on the toothed rack S produces, by means of the pinion R³, mitre
wheels R', Q', pinions Q, and sector n', a very slow movement of the grooved
plate P, in the opposite direction to the revolution of the cam, which is indi-
cated by arrows in Figs. I and 7 during the whole or part of the operation
according to the shape of the groove in the cam, which is made to suit the
shape of the file. A portion of the groovo n in the plate p, is concentric with
the shaft L, and of such radius that while the roller 1, attached to the slide 1,
is in that part of the groove, the said slide will be kept in such a position that
the piece will lay snugly against the body I of the cam, as shown in Fig. 7,
in black outline, but the remaining portion of the groove is eccentric to the
shaft L, and as the roller passes along that portion, the slide is moved in such
manner as to throw the piece out from the body K of the cam to the position
shown in red outline in Fig. 7, and bring it back again to the position shown
in black outline in the said Figure, the position shown in red being arrived at
when the roller is at the point in the groove which is furthest from the centre
of the shaft L. The piece 7 does not commence to move out from the body
of the cam till it comes in contact with the roller 1. The fall of the chisel
stock occurs when the end 17 of the piece passes the roller on the said
し
stock, and this always occurs at a given point in the revolution of the shaft L
and the cam, but the point in the said revolution at which the piece / arrives
at its greatest distance from the body K of the cam varies with the position
of the plate N, and hence the fall of the chisel stock may take place at the
time of, or before, or after the arrival of the said piece 7 at its greatest dis-
tance from the body K of the cam, and so may be greater or less, and produce
a heavier or lighter blow according to the position of the plate N.
Now, it has been before explained that the position of this plate N depends
upon the cam T, and if this can be properly shaped to suit the form of the
file and the carriage D, and the feed be properly adjusted the force of the blow
can be made precisely in proportion to the width of the file throughout the
wholo of its length, thereby producing a uniform depth of cut. The same
means of controlling the force of the blow may be applied to a hammer in
a file-cutting machine having a hammer striking upon the chisel. The file
blank 7 is secured to the bed E, which is faced or lined with soft metal by
means of a fixed dog and a movable dog s. The fixed dog consists simply
of a little circular plate of hard steel, with a sharp chisel-like edge, supported
a little above the bottom of the bed by a thin ring r', and secured to the bed

page_text: by a screw. The movable dog s consists of a block of hard steel fitted to
slide horizontally between suitable guides provided for it in the bed, and con-
tains a groove 19 to receive the tang of the file blank, and a sharp chisel-like
edge 18 on each side of the groove to indent itself into the heel of the file blank.
The bed E is fitted with a screw t, which turns freely therein, but is confined
longitudinally, and which screws into the dog 8, and by turning this screw in
the proper direction when the file blank has been placed on the bed with its
tang in the groove 19 of the dogs, the said dog is brought up to the beel of
the file blank, are caused to force the point of the latter against the dog r, and
the edges of the said dogs, are caused to indent themselves into the point and
licel of the blank, and so hold it very firmly. The contrivance which presses &
holds down the blank upon the bed at the time of the operation of the chisel
consists of a stout spring or elastic lever U of steel working on a fulcrum u, &
having one end, which is situated over the carriage D turned downward
that it may press upon the blank only near the chisel, and the other end con-
nected by a rod U with an eccentric Us on the main shaft C. The revolution
of this eccentric causes the lever U to be pressed down upon & raised up from
the blank once for every operation of the chisel, and the said eccentric is so
arranged upon the shaft relatively to the position of the chisel-operating cam k, l,
that it causes the lever to press on the blank with the greatest force at the
time of the descent of the chisel, and so to hold the blank firmly down. The
lever is raised from the blank at the time of the feed movement of the
carriage D, and hence offers no obstruction to the movement of the carriage,
and in going over the blank a second time to produce a cross cut does not
injure the first cut. To enable this lever U to be adjusted to press on the
blank at a proper distance from the point where the chisel strikes it, the bar
of steel of which it is principally composed is fitted to slide through an iron
fulcrum piece U³, and fitted with an adjustable block U at the end which con-
nects with the eccentric, and is secured in the said fulcrum piece, and has
the said block secured to it by set screws. The said lever being clastic,
adapts itself to the varying thickness of the blank or blanks. The feed
movement of the carriage is produced by an eccentric W on the main shaft.
This eccentric is connected by a rod W' with the arm X' of the rock shaft X,
see Figs. 1, 3, 4, 5, which works in bearings in the lower part of the back
of the standard A, and another arm X' of the said rock shaft is connected
with a strong band u of catgut, leather, or other material, which passes more
than once round a pulley Y¹ on a short horizontal shaft Y, which works in
bearings in the standard. The other end of the said band is attached to a
strong spring w' which is is secured to the bed plate. The same pulley has

page_text: another band v passing round it in a similar manner, and one end of this band
is connected with a spring v' like the spring w¹, and its other end is connecte:
with a fixed stud or other fixed part of the machine. The springs keep both
bands always tight, as the eccentric W in its revolution depresses the arm X'
of the rock shaft, the arm X' moves downward also, and so draws the band u
tight upon the pulley Y', and so causes it to turn the pulley a little way, and
with it the shaft Y, and as the eccentric raises the arm X' the band u is
slackened again, and the spring u¹ draws it back round the pulley as far as the
pulley had previously moved, the pulley being prevented moving back with the
band u by the band v, which constitutes a friction brake; I do not claim this
part of the feed mechanism, but have explained it to facilitate the explanation
of the feature which I do claim. The shaft Y carries a bevil-toothed wheel Y
which gears with a larger bevil-toothed wheel T on the shaft T before described
as carrying the cam T', which controls the variation of the force of the blow on
different parts of the file. This shaft T carries at its lower end a mitre
wheel T, which gears with another mitre wheel V2 on a horizontal shaft V,
arranged in bearings under the bed plate A, and this shaft V is geared by a.
pair of mitre wheels V', Z', with a short upright shaft Z, which is fitted to a
bearing under the carriage D, and which carries a pinion Zgearing with a
toothed rack Z³ formed upon or secured to the carriage. The shafts T, V, Z,
and their gearing transmit motion from the shaft Y to the rack Z³, and so
to the carringe D, the movement of the latter being in the direction of the
arrow shown upon it in Fig. 1, and the cut being commenced at the point of
the blank. The shaft Z is so arranged relatively to the guide plate 6', which,
guides the movement of the carriage, and the pinion is so proportioned in
diameter that the axis of the said shaft is in a plane passing longitudinally and
vertically through the centre of the carriage and of the file bed, as illustrated
in the plan view, Fig. 5, where the rack and pinion are shown in dotted outline..
The guide plate 6 is secured to the bed plate by screws y, y, which screw into.
the bed plate and pass through slots y', y', in the guide plate, which are
constructed in the form of arcs of such radius as to permit of the adjustment.
of the said plate and of the carriage only in a circular direction concentric.
with the axis of the shaft Z. This adjustment provides for all the necessary.
variations of the angle of the cut of the files without altering the ad-
justment of the chisel, while the position of the shaft Z, and its pinion Z',
makes tho feed mechanism always in condition for operation, whatever.
the direction in which the carriage may be set, and it is in this adjustment
of the carriage relatively to the feed gearing that my improvement in the
feed motion consists. The stop motion consists of an adjustable wedge w,

page_text: see Fig. 1, attached to the carriage, a rod z sliding through the shaft Z
which is made hollow for its reception, a straight lever 20, which works on a
fixed fulcrum 21 below the bed plate; a vertical rod 22 working through the
bed plate, and through guides in the standard B, and an elbow lever 23
working on a fixed fulcrum 24, secured in the standard B. The wedge w is
fitted to slide horizontally in a longitudinal groove w' in the lower part of the
carriage, and is attached to the carriage by means of a screw w², which screws
into a lappet hole in the end of the carriage, toward which the heels of the
file blanks are placed, said screw being fitted to turn freely in a lug w formed
on the head of the wedge, but being prevented moving longitudinally inde-
pendently of the wedge. By screwing this screw into or from the carriage
the wedge is carried into or drawn out from the groove w', which is wide
enough to receive the upper part of the rod z. This rod rests upon one arm of
the lever 20, the other arm of which supports the rod 22, which is situated
under one arm of the lever 24. The wedge w is so adjusted by the screw ²
that when in the operation of cutting a file, the cut has proceeded along the
whole length, or as nearly so as desired, the said wedge comes into operation
on the upper end of the rod, and presses down the said rod upon the lever
20, and so causes the said lever to press the rod 22 upward against the lever
23, and thus causes the latter lever to push the coupling lever 24, which
operates the movable portion C³ of the clutch C, C³, which couples the
driving pulley C with the main shaft C from under the stationary hook 25,
by which the said lever has been locked in a position to keep the pulley
coupled, thus permitting the clutch to be shifted by a spring 27 to uncouple
the pulley from the shaft when the machine stops. The wedge w can be
adjusted by the screw w³, to cause the liberation of the clutch lever at any
point in the movement of the carriage according to the length of the file. The
clutch C may be of any known construction, but I have represented one of
the friction kind. To provide for the running back of the carriage rapidly by
hand when the cut has proceeded from one end of the file to the other the
pulley Y is not permanently secured to the shaft Y, but is bored for a portion
of the distance through it in a conical form to fit a cone 28 on the shaft, as
shown in Fig. 5, and its hub is extended a short distance through the outer
bearing of the shaft in the standard B. Outsido of this projecting portion of
the hub the shaft Y has cut upon it a screw 80, to which is fitted a hand
wheel or crank 29 and a nut 31, the nut being fitted very tightly, but the
wheel or crank being fitted easily. By screwing this hand wheel or crank
tightly up against the hub of the pulley the conical portion of the bore of the
latter is brought tightly against the cone on the shaft, which is thus secured to

page_text: and caused to revolve with the pulley. But by unscrewing this wheel or crank
from the hub and screwing it back against the nut, the shaft can be turned
casily by the wheel or crank, the friction between the nut and the wheel or
crank being greater than the friction between the cone 28 and the bore of
the pulley, which is held stationary by the friction bands w, v, while the shaft
is turned.
The chisel-sharpening apparatus is represented in Figs. 1, 2, & 5, and
also in Figs. 8 & 9, Fig. 8 being a vertical section taken at right angles to
Fig. 1, close within the driving pulley C; and Fig. 9 being a transverse section
of the chisel stock. The sharpening stone 33 is placed upon a horizontal bed
34, which is arranged to slide horizontally in a direction parallel with the
main shaft C on two guide rods 36, 36, attached to a carriage 37, which is
arranged to slide horizontally on ways 38, 38, provided on the standard B.
The stone is secured to the bed 34 between the clamps 39, 39. The carriage
87 derives a reciprocating motion on the ways 38, 38, from a lever 40, which
works on a fixed fulcrum 41 attached to the standard B, and which derives the
necessary motion to make it move the carriage from a grooved eccentric cam 42,
which is secured to the driving pulley. The carriage 37 has arranged within
it under the bed 34 two centres 43, between which is hung the shaft of a
grooved barrel cam 44, whose axis is parallel with the guide rods 36, 36, and
whose groove receives a pin 44*, which is secured in the bottom of the
carriage 37, said groove being of such form that one revolution of the said
cam will produce a movement of the stone bed 34 back and forth along the
guide rods 36, 36, a distance nearly equal to the whole width of the stone.
The rotary motion of the cam is produced by means of a ratchet wheel 45 on
its shaft, and a spring dog 46 attached to the bottom of the standard B, the
said wheel having one of its teeth brought against the dog by the movement
of the carriage 37, and so caused to rotate a short distance every time the
carriage moves back and forth on the ways 38, 38. The chisel holder consists
of a stock 47 attached to a bar 48, the lower portion of which is straight, and
the upper portion of the form of an arc, as shown in Fig. 1. The straight
portion of the said bar is arranged to slide freely in a vertical direction in fixed
guides 54, 54, attached to the standard B and bed plate A at one side of the
carriage 37, and the upper arc-formed portion bends over the said carriago
and the stone bed. The stock 47 has the chisel 85 secured in it between a
pair of dovetail clamps 49, 50, the latter of which is made movable, and forced
up to the chisel by set scrows 51, 51, and the head of the said stock is fitted
to the inner face of the arc-formed portion of the bar 48, and to a slot in the
said bar in such a manner as to permit of its being adjusted higher up or

page_text: lower down the said are-formed portion to vary the inclination of the chisel
according to the desired level of its cutting edge. The stock is secured to the
bar in the desired position by means of a screw 52 attached to the former, and
passing through the slot in the latter, and a hand nut 53 applied to the said
screw outside of the arc. The chisel thus secured being held upon the stone
by its own weight, aided by the weight of the stock 47 and bar 48, while the
stone has a reciprocating movement with the carriage 37 parallel to its edge,
is sharpened as the operation of cutting proceeds; and as the stone, in addi-
tion to the movement it receives along with the carriage 37 has also a gradual
movement with the bed in a direction transverse to the movement of the said
carriage, every part of the stone is in its turn brought into operation, and con-
sequently it is made to wear almost uniformly. The chisel-sharpening operation
can be performed while the pulley C' is out of gear, and the cutting mecha-
nism not in operation, as the cam 42, from which the sharpening apparatus
derives motion is attached to the said pulley and not directly to the main
shaft.
Having thus described the Invention, I will proceed to state what I claim
and desire to secure by Letters Patent,-.
First, I claim the attachment of the chisel stock at two points to two
vibrating rods G, G, by which it is made to receive a movement of a character
substantially as herein specified for the purpose of throwing up the cut.
Secondly, I claim providing for shifting the two fixed centres d, d, on which
the vibrating rods G, G, work for the purpose of giving the chisel a greater or
less degree of horizontal movement by means of a movable plate N or its
equivalent, so applied as to provide for the raising and lowering of said s
centres.
Thirdly, I claim the construction of the chisel stock of two parts F, F, one
of which is capable of a rolling or oscillating movement substantially as and
for the purpose herein specified.
Fourthly, I claim providing for controlling the force applied to the chisel, s
so that it shall be always in proportion to the varying width of a file blank by
means of a compound cam K, 1, applied and governed substantially as
herein described to give a greater or less lift to the chisel or hammer accord-
ing as the width is greater or less at the part presented to the chisel.
Fifthly, though I do not claim securing the file blank upon the bed by S
means of a screw and clamps or dogs fitted to the ends of the blank, I claim
the combination of a single chisel-edged dog applied at the point of the
blank, and the double or grooved chisel-edged dog s applied at the heel of the
blank substantially as herein specified.

page_text: Sixthly, the employment for holding down the file blank at the time of the
operation of the chisel of a presser, which possesses sufficient elasticity in a
proper direction to enable it to adapt itself to the varying thickness of the
blank, and to blanks of different thicknesses, and which is raised from the
blank before and kept raised during the feeding operation substantially as
herein set forth.
Seventhly, making the guide or guides for the file carriage D adjustable
around the axis of the feed pinion gearing with a rack formed upon or
attached to the carriage substantially as and for the purpose herein specified.
Eighthly, so combining a clutch lever, by which the driving pulley or gear
may be uncoupled from the main shaft of the machine, with an adjustable
wedge attached to the file carriage, substantially as herein described, that the
said wedge may be made to act upon the said lever to uncouple the pulley or
gear at such point in the movement of the carriage, as may be desired.
Ninthly, the use in connection with a file-cutting machine of a chisel-
sharpening apparatus constructed and operating substantially as herein
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Clark, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
Witness,
W. G. E. SWINNOCK,
53, Chancery Lane.
W. CLARK. (L.S.)