IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SCUDDING, PURING, SCOURING, AND REMOVING THE GREASE AND DIRT FROM ALL KINDS OF SPLIT OR UNSPLIT SKINS, ROANS, GOAT AND CALF SKINS OR HIDES, EITHER UNTANNED OR TANNED, AND FOR STRIKING-OUT, SOFTENING, AND POLISHING DYED OR UNDYED GOODS
Year: 1872

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to Charles Turner, of Lenton, in the County of
•
Nottingham, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
SCUDDING, PURING, SCOURING, AND REMOVING THE GREASE AND DIRT FROM ALL
KINDS OF SPLIT OR UNSPLIT SKINS, ROANS, GOAT AND CALF SKINS OR HIDES,
EITHER UNTANNED OR TANNED, AND FOR STRIKING-OUT, SOFTENING, AND
POLISHING DYED OR UNDYED GOODS."
ealed the 27th May 1873, and dated the 29th November 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Turner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th November 1872.
I, CHARLES TURNER, of Lenton, in the County of Nottingham, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR SCUDDING, PURING, SCOURING, AND REMOVING THE GREASE AND
DIRT FROM ALL KINDS OF SPLIT OR Unsplit Skins, ROANS, GOAT AND CALF SKINS
OR HIDES, EITHER UNTANNED OR TANNED, AND FOR STRIKING-OUT, SOFTENING, AND
POLISHING DYED OR UNDYED Goods," to be as follows:-
I propose to effect the above operations by a machine constructed in
manner following:-There are two end standards which are connected

page_text: together by suitable framing. The standards have adjustable bearings
bolted to them, which bearings receive the axle of a cylinder which is
caused to revolve between the standards by means of a belt which is
passed round a pulley secured on one end of the axle, and also round a
drum on a main driving shaft above the machine. There is a second
axle at the back of, but higher than, the axle of the cylinder, which
second axle revolves in bearings forming part of a frame which is capable
of adjustment between the standards, and is carried by an axle at each
end on the inside of each standard. This second axle is provided with
three or more pairs of bosses on each side of the centre of its length;
from each boss three or other number of short arms project. Each pair
of bosses are secured on the axle in such relative position to each other
that when one end of a brush is secured to one of the arms of one
boss, and the other end of the brush to one of the arms of another boss,
the said brush will lie in such an inclined position on the axle that one
end of a brush secured on the next adjoining pair of bosses will overlap
the end of the brush carried by the first pair. Each arm of each boss
has one end of a brush secured to it. Each boss is capable of being
adjusted upon the axle by means of a set screw or other equivalent; the
brushes may be placed at any convenient angle from twenty-five to
forty-five degrees with the axle. When the whole of the brushes are
secured in position, one-half of them will lie with their right ends pointing
upwards to the right of the machine, and the other half will lie with
their left ends pointing upwards to the left of the machine, such
arrangement being the result of the arms of one-half the number of the
bosses being set at the reverse angle to the arms of the other half. The
brush axle is provided with a pulley at each end, round which pulley
belts are passed from drums on the main driving shaft, thus causing the
brushes to revolve towards the operator. The brush axle frame is pro-
vided at each end with a set screw which rest upon projections cast on
the standards, by which means the brush frame is capable of adjustment
to or from the cylinder. Levers are also attached to the brush frame
to carry weights whereby to adjust the pressure of the brushes on the
cylinder. Each of the said levers carries a friction truck which runs on
a cam near each end of the machine. These cams are secured on and
carried by an axle lying in bearings formed in the standards, such
axle lying under the cylinder above named. The cam axle is provided
with a lever handle by which the workman may operate it so as to
throw back the brush frame clear of the cylinder when required.

page_text: In addition to the brush frame carrying a brush axle, bosses, and
brushes as above described, I may also employ a second and similar
frame, axle bosses, and brushes in front of the first named. Such second
double series of brushes, revolving the reverse way to the first series, are
operated by belts passed round a pulley at each end of their axle. Such
second frame and brushes are hinged to or carried by the first frame, and
are also made capable of being lifted up clear of the cylinder to enable
the operator to place the skins or goods upon the cylinder.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Turner in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 28th May 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
TURNER, of Lenton, in the County of Nottingham, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of November,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two,
in the thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Charles Turner, Her special
licence that I, the said Charles Turner, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles Turner, my execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter, during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR SCUDDING, PURING, SCOURING, AND REMOVING THE GREASE AND.
DIRT FROM ALL KINDS OF SPLIT OR UNSPLIT SKINS, ROANS, GOAT AND CALF SKINS
OR HIDES, EITHER Untanned or TANNED, AND FOR STRIKING-OUT, Softening, and
POLISHING DYED OR UNDYED GOODS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Charles Turner, my exocutors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.

page_text: the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings:-
I propose to effect the above operations by a machine constructed in
manner following:-There are two end standards, which are connected
together by suitable framing. The standards have adjustable bearings
bolted to them, which bearings receive the axle of a cylinder, which is
caused to revolve between the standards by means of a belt, which is
passed round a pulley secured on one end of the axle, and also round a
drum on a main driving shaft above the machine. There is a second
axle at the back of, but higher than, the axle of the cylinder, which
second axle revolves in bearings forming part of a frame which is
capable of adjustment between the standards, and is carried by an axle
at each end on the inside of each standard. This second axle is pro-
vided with three or more pairs of bosses on each side of the centre of its
length. From each boss three or other number of short arms project.
Each pair of bosses are secured on the axle in such relative position to
each other that when one end of a brush is secured to one of the arms of
one boss, and the other end of the brush to one of the arms of another
boss, the said brush will lie in such an inclined position on the axle that
one end of a brush secured on the next adjoining pair of bosses will
overlap the end of the brush carried by the first pair. Each arm of each
boss has one end of a brush secured to it. Each boss is capable of
being adjusted upon the axle by means of a set screw or other equi-
valent. The brushes may be placed at any convenient angle from
twenty-five to forty-five degrees with the axle. When the whole of the
brushes are secured in position, one-half of them will lie with their right
ends pointing upwards to the right of the machine, and the other half
will lie with their left ends pointing upwards to the left of the machine,
such arrangement being the result of the arms of one-half the number of
the bosses being set at the reverse angle to the arms of the other half.
The brush axle is provided with a pulley at each end, round which
pulleys belts are passed from drums on the main driving shaft, thus
causing the brushes to revolve towards the operator. The brush axle
frame is provided. at each end with a set screw, which rest upon. pro-
jections cast on the standards, by which means the brush frame is

page_text: capable of adjustment to or from the cylinder. Levers are also attached
to the brush frame to carry weights whereby to adjust the pressure of
the brushes on the cylinder. Each of the said levers carries a friction
truck, which runs on a cam near each end of the machine.
These cams
are secured on and carried by an axle lying in bearings formed in the
standards, such axle lying under the cylinder above named. The cam
axle is provided with a lever handle, by which the workman may
operate it so as to throw back the brush frame clear of the cylinder when
required.
In addition to the brush frame carrying a, brush axle, bosses, and
brushes, as above described, I may also employ a second and similar
frame, axle, bosses, and brushes in front of the first named. Such second
double series of brushes revolving the reverse way to the first series, are
operated by belts passed round a pulley at each end of their axle. Such
second frame and brushes are hinged to or carried by the first frame, and
are also made capable of being lifted up clear of the cylinder to enable
the operator to place the skins or goods upon the cylinder.
I propose to perform the several operations above mentioned by means
of a machine constructed as shewn at Figures 1 to 7. Figure 1
represents a front view of the machine, having portion of a guard
broken away, the better to enable the arrangement of certain brushes to
be seen; Figure 2 is an end view; Figure 3, a sectional view of the
machine; and Figures 4 to 7, views of various portions of the machine
hereafter referred to.
A, A, are two end standards which are connected together by a tie
bar B; each standard has a bearing C bolted to it to receive the axle of a
cylinder C; the holes in each bearing through which the holding-down
bolts pass are slotted so as to enable the cylinder to be adjusted
horizontally. by means of the set screws C³ to follow up the wearing
away of the brushes; the axle of the cylinder projects beyond the
standard at the right end of the machine, and has secured on it a
toothed wheel D below; and at the back of the cylinder an axle projects
from each standard; these axles which face each other and are parallel
with the cylinder carry a frame constructed as follows:-There are two
arms E, E, which are held parallel to each other by an angle bar E', seen
at Figure 2 and 3, secured near their lower ends, and a rod E' at their
upper ends.
The arms E, E, form bearings for an axle F, upon which
are secured two or more pairs of bosses F¹, F¹, at the right of the centre

page_text: of the frame, and also two or more pairs of bosses F2, F2, at the left of
the centre; from each boss a number of slotted arms project; each pair of
bosses are secured on the axle F in such relative position to each other
that when one end of a brush F³ is secured to one of the arms of one
boss F, and the other end of the brush is secured to one of the arms of
another boss F¹, the said brush will lie in such an inclined position on
the axle.that one end of a brush secured on the next adjoining pair of
bosses will overlap the end of the brush carried by the first pair; each
arm is slotted a portion of its length, and has one end of a brush
secured to it by means of a screw bolt which is passed through the slot
and a hole in the block of the brush, the bolt being tightened by a nut.
When the whole of the brushes are secured in position one half of them
will lie with their right ends pointing upwards towards the right of the
machine, and the other half will lie with their left ends pointing
upwards towards the left of the machine, such arrangement being the
result of the arms of one half of the number of the bosses being set at
the reverse angle to the arms of the other half. The brushes successively
pressing upon the cylinder as they revolve. Two such sets of brushes
are seen at Figure 7, where one set of brushes are shewn secured in
position on one pair of bosses on the right, and another set of brushes
secured to a pair of bosses on the left of the centre of the brush axle.
In Figure 7 the brushes are shewn lying at an angle to the sides of
the bosses, and also at an angle to the centre of the axle F when carried
by bosses of the shape seen in side view at Figure 4, and an edge view
at Figure 5; Figure 6 is an end view of one of the brushes F³. The
bosses may be constructed with their slotted arms at any angle from
twenty-five to forty-five degrees with their sides. Each brush is capable
of adjustment to or from the surface of the cylinder C¹ by means of the
slots in the arms of the bosses. The brush frame is likewise capable of
adjustment to or from the cylinder by the following means:-On the
inner side of each standard a block E³ is cast, see Figure 3, upon which
blocks the ends of set screws I rest. One such screw being passed
through each of the two arms E, E, of the brush frame. The brush
axle F is provided at the left end with a fast pulley F and a loose
pulley F, a belt from any prime mover being passed round the fast
pulley will communicate motion to the brushes. The right end of the
brush axle is provided with a worm wheel F' which gears with and
drives a toothed wheel F, secured on a horizontal shaft F8, which re-

page_text: volves in bearings secured to the outside of the right end standard; on
the front end of the shaft Fs a bevel wheel is secured, the teeth of which
gear into and drive the toothed bevel wheel D before-named. The worm
wheel and toothed wheels are in such relative proportion to each other
that when the machine is in motion two brushes will be passed over
each inch of surface of the cylinder, both brushes and cylinder revolving
in the direction indicated by the arrows in Figure 2.
Bracketed levers G are attached to the brush frame, each carrying .a
bearing which is capable of being raised or lowered by set screws, as seen
at Figure 2; in these bearings a brush axle G¹ revolves, on which is
secured two or more series of brushes G³, G³, which brushes are helically
coiled round their axle in reverse directions, and are caused to revolve in
the opposite direction to the brushes and bosses carried by the axle Fabove-
mentioned, their revolution being effected by the following means :-
The left end of the axle G¹ is provided with a fast pulley G' and a loose
pulley G³; a belt from any prime mover being crossed and passed round
the fast pulley will communicate the requisite motion. Both belts
driving the brush axles may be traversed on to the fast or loose pulleys
by the forked hand bar Gʻ, which slides on a bracket secured to the arm
E at the left of the machine.
A guard or cover G' is attached to a bar, which is held at each end by
clips or slots in the front ends of the bracket caps; this guard is for the
purpose of preventing the grease, dye, or other impurities brushed from
the skins or hides from being thrown on to the workman by the brushes
G and G. The brushes besides being adjusted in the brackets before-
named can also be raised up clear of the cylinder or lowered on to it by
operating the hand lever H³, which is secured on one end of the shaft H,
which shaft lies under the cylinder and rocks in bearings formed in the
standards A; upon this shaft two cams H' are secured, upon which
friction trucks, carried by the bracketed levers G, bear. The front end
of each lever being provided with a weight H³, by which the pressure of
the brushes G, G³, upon the cylinder may be regulated. To balance the
weight of the cams H² and levers H* the shaft H may be counterweighted
at the back. When working some goods a supply of water is necessary,
which may be furnished by means of a perforated horizontal pipe con-
nected to a pipe K, attached to a suitable reservoir. When performing
the operations first described with the machine, the operator lifts the
brushes G, G³, clear of the cylinder, and places the hide or skin upon it,

page_text: and starts the machine; the cylinder revolving carries the skin towards
the brushes F on the axle F; which brushes effectually brush out the
grease and other impurities, which, through the centrifugal force of the
brushes, is thrown clear of the hide or skin on to the ground or into a
receptacle placed at the back of the machine to receive it.
As soon as the brushes F have. commenced operating upon the hide
or skin the workman lowers the brushes G, G, which effect similar
operations upon those portions of the hide or skin, which would, in their
absence, bé forcibly drawn off the cylinder by the, brushes F³, and not
operated upon:
Thus by a machine constructed as above-described, I am enabled,-
•
First. To scud and cleanse from all impurities all kinds of hides and
skins preparatory to tanning, more particularly what are called skivers,
roans, basils, calf, kid, &c., but the skins of any animal may thus be
cleansed and prepared for tanning.
Secondly. It will strike out and extend all tanned hides and skins,
and so prepare them for the taking any dye, however light in color and
delicate.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim the employ-
ment of machinery constructed substantially as herein-before described,
for scudding, puring, scouring, and removing the grease and dirt from
all kinds of split or unsplit skins, roans, basils, goat and calf skins, or
hides, either untanned or tanned, and for striking out, softening, and
polishing dyed or undyed goods.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Turner, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
Witness,
H. W. GOUGH, C. E.,
Nottingham.
CHARLES TURNER. (L.S.)