Improvements in and connected with Stoves or Apparatus for Heating and Ventilating Buildings.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 18th May, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 19th Feb., 1894-Accepted, 24th Mar., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Stoves or Apparatus for
Heating and Ventilating Buildings.
I, HENRY WILCKE, of No. 12, Tollington Road, Holloway, in the County of
London, Engineer, do hereby, declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in and connected with stoves or apparatus
for heating or warming and ventilating buildings, the object of the invention
being to provide a stove which shall combine the advantages of both an open and
closed stove or fire-place, and at the same time to provide means for ventilation
when the stove is closed.
In carrying out my invention 1 employ a stove adapted to be placed against
the usual chimney opening in which the present fire-grates or stoves are generally
placed.
My stove is constructed of an ordinary fire-grate with ash-pit and with doors for
closing the open fire-place and ash-pit.
When the stove is used as an open fire-place the products of combustion pass
through a suitable passage direct into the chimney the said passage being in some
cases advantageously provided with a valve or damper so as to allow of shutting
off this direct communication when required.
The fire-place also communicates with an arrangement of flues through which the
smoke and products of combustion have to circulate before entering the chimney
which is open to the said flues.
.
tube or
The bottom of the chimney is in the case of new buildings closed by a
suitable plate above the fire grate the back of which advantageously projects under
the said plate. The door of the ash-pit is so arranged that when it is opened it
closes a valve or door in the bottom plate of the chimney or in a
flue connected with the chimney, the closing of the said ash-pit door opening
the said valve or door. In connection with the door of the fire-place I provide
a slide or plate so that when the door is closed the said plate partly covers the
underside of the fire-bars or grate and when the door is opened the bars are free
by which arrangement it will be obvious that the combustion can be regulated.
I find it advantageous to provide my stove with a canopy above the doors to act
as a guard against the entry of the air when the doors are partly open.
Deted the 18th day of May 1803
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Stoves or Apparatus for
Heating and Ventilating Buildings.
I, HENRY WILCKE, of No. 12, Tollington Road, Holloway, in the County of
London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in and connected with stoves or
apparatus for heating or warming and ventilating buildings, the object of the

page_text: invention being to provide a stove which shall combine the advantages of both an
open and closed stove or fire-place, and at the same time to provide means for
ventilation when the stove is closed.
In carrying out my invention I employ a stove adapted to be placed against
the usual chimney opening in which the present fire-grates or stoves are generally
placed.
My stove is provided with an ordinary fire-grate with ash-pit, and with doors for
closing the open fire-place and ash-pit.
When the stove is used as an open fire-place the products of combustion pass
through a suitable passage direct into the chimney the said passage being in some
cases advantageously provided with a valve or damper so as to allow of shutting
off or regulating this direct communication when required.
The fire-place also communicates with an arrangement of flues through which the
smoke and products of combustion have to circulate before entering the chimney,
which is open to the said flues.
The bottom of the chimney is in the case of new buildings closed by a suitable
plate above the fire-grate, the back of which advantageously projects under the
said plate. The door or doors of the ash-pit is or are so arranged that when
opened they close a valve or door in the bottom plate of the chimney, or in a tube
or flue connected with the chimney, the closing of the said ash-pit door opening
the said valve or door. In connection with the door of the fire-place I provide
a slide or plate so that when the door is closed the said plate partly covers the
underside of the fire-bars or grate, and when the door is opened the bars are
free, by which arrangement it will be obvious that the combustion will be
regulated.
I may provide in some cases my stove with a canopy above the doors to act as a
guard against the entry of the air when the doors are partly open.
The drawings hereto annexed illustrate one form of apparatus under this
invention,
Figure 1 being a front elevation in section, Figure 2 a side elevation in section,
and Figure 3 a plan in section of the heating apparatus.
Figure 4 is a front elevation shewing a stove or apparatus as used as an open
grate or fire-place, and Figure 5 shews same closed.
Figures 6, 7, and 8 are front and side elevation in section, and plan, respectively,
shewing a sliding arrangement and fastening thereof.
of
Referring to the drawings, it will be seen that the apparatus according to
this invention shewn therein is applied to a fire-place in a chimney brest
ordinary construction. Of the apparatus or stove, a is the bottom, which is of
ordinary bar form, and is the front of the grate. In this the fuel is placed and
burned. c is a space directly above the grate. d are the grate closing doors,
hinged at each side to the frame d', such doors having on their inner sides projecting
plates adapted when the doors are closed, to fit under the grate bars a as
shewn, and partially close the bottom of the grate to the air; and d³ are small
hinged or other doors or valves on the lower part of said doors d, by which air may
be admitted to the ashpit e,-or shut off therefrom as desired-when the doors d are
shut and the front of the fire-place closed.
f is a vertical front plate, and a horizontal plate fitting in, and enclosing the
lower part of, the chimney g, the plate having in it a hinged or equivalently
mounted valve or damper, adapted to be opened or closed-for ventilating
purposes as hereafter described-by rods ƒ³, and a bell crank connecting said
rods, the rod f passing to the front of the fire-place through the space beneath
and the bottom plate e thereof, and the end of which is acted upon by the
projection d on one of the doors or valves d³ when closed, so that said valve is
opened when the doors are closed, and vice versa. Or, said rod can be pushed in
or out, and the valve f² more or less opened or closed by hand.
The stove or apparatus fits in the ordinary space in the chimney brest, within
the fire-place jambs ¹ and lintel ³, and the only connection between the apparatus

page_text: or stove and the chimney 9 is by the short pipe or flue h which passes through the
plate f
In the stove or apparatus, there are different sets of passages, which are used
alternately as desired; namely, directly above the fire place or grate proper there
is provided a passage i with damper or valve working in connection with same,
and operated by the handle and lever device, by which it can be slid to the right
or left, whereby the passage is opened, or closed when brought to the position
shewn. This passage i is mainly for use, that is opened, when the stove is being
used as an ordinary open fireplace. In each of the side walls k, forming the sides
of the grate, there are apertures k', and outside these again there are vertical
division plates 1 (say of iron) coming between said walls and the outer side
walls m, a plate being provided and running between the plates at the top, and
closing the whole of the upper part of the grate proper, except the aperture i;
while the front and back of the stove consist of walls or plates p and p' respectively.
This construction of walls and plates divide the spaces on each side of the grate
walls, into two vertical passages, and an upper chamber n, in connection with
which the outlet h above described is provided, and the roof of which consists of
a plate o.
These passages and chambers are used when the apparatus is used as
a closed stove, that is, when the doors d are closed. In this case one or both of
the doors are opened when lighting up the fire, and at other times if a greater
degree of heating is required, as desired; and the damper is moved so as to
close the aperture i. The products of combustion in this case take the course
indicated by the arrows, that is, they pass up from the fire grate through the
aperture and then down, then up the vertical passages, and so on into the
chamber
from whence they pass to the chimney g by the outlet h. In passing
through these passages, they heat up the front wall p and the side walls m, and
these being of fire-brick, porcelain, or other earthenware or suitable material, the
heat is absorbed and given out into the room in which the fire-place exists. By
this a small quantity of fuel may be used to give out to the room a relatively large
quantity of heat.
n,
To ventilate the room in which the fire-place is placed when the apparatus is
being used entirely as a closed stove (or at other times when required), the valve
or damper is opened by closing one of the doors d³, as described, (or by hand),
and air will then be allowed to pass up the chimney g. This also assists in limiting
the rate of combustion of fuel in the grate.
In the construction of doors d shewn in Figures 6, 7 and 8, said doors slide on
the face of the door frame d', in any suitable known way; and they are moved
and locked by a handle o, mounted on a pin o' fixed in a door d, and having a
lever o on the boss thereof arranged to lie beneath a catch o³-loosely hinged on
the pin which passes through the connecting edges d' of the doors as shewn.
To open the doors the handle is grasped and pulled or pushed back, whereby it is
moved about the pin o¹ (the movement of which is limited to the desired degree),
and so lifts the catch o and frees it from the door edges do, when by further
pressure in the same direction the door is fully opened. A fixed handle may be
provided on the other door for moving it to and fro.
In Figure 5, the front of the base of the fire-place is represented, as well as
the doors and door frame d', as being of metal; whilst in Figure 4 the doors
and door frame only, in the front are shewn as metal. The other parts of the
front are shewn fixed with tiles. The front wall p, back p¹, and walls km are
shewn made of fire-clay, porcelain, tiles or slabs or other suitable earthenware, or
material, the outside of which are sheathed or enclosed by the sheet metal plates o'.
However, in some cases these all may be made of metal if desired.
It will be seen that the width of the fire-place is practically the full width of
the opening between the jambs .', and that the depth is relatively small, viz. about
equal to the depth of an ordinary open fire-grate, and that it fits within the usual
opening in which such grates fit.
By this invention, as above described, when the doors of the apparatus are

page_text: open, the whole fire-place becomes in effect, and possesses the characteristics
attending, an ordinary open fire-place, whilst when such doors are closed and the
apparatus is worked as a closed stove, the apparatus then possesses all the qualities
and characteristics possessed by an ordinary closed stove, comprising that of giving
out a large quantity of heat, with the consumption of a relatively small consumption
of fuel. Thus, at will, the invention may be used as an open fire-place, or as a
closed stove, (or a partially closed stove), with all the known advantages of the
two systems, which are had in one apparatus, by the mere action of operating,
.. closing or opening of doors and valves or dampers, as described.
In some cases in applying the invention to existing arrangement of fire-places,
the apparatus herein described may be placed in the front of same, the outlet for
the smoke or products of combustion leading into the upper open part of such
existing grate.
It is to be stated that the invention is not restricted to the apparatus set forth
with reference to the drawings, but that it may be modified as regards construction
of the different parts thereof in different ways, without departing from the
controlling or chief characteristics thereof; and that the novel features or
characteristics under the invention which it is desired to claim and secure by
Letters Patent, are specified in the different claiming clauses concluding this
Specification.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inveu-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what
I claim is
1. Apparatus for heating rooms of buildings, constructed to fit within an ordinary
chimney brest or fire-place opening, and adapted and constructed to be used as an
open fire-place, or as a closed stove, at will; substantially as and for the purposes
-set forth.
2. In apparatus for heating rooms of buildings, the construction substantially as
described, comprising a fire-place or grate, and passages at the sides thereof (or at
the sides and above same), and enclosing front, back, and sides, and doors for
rendering the apparatus capable of being used as a closed stove, or as an open
fire-place, the whole being adapted to fit in the space in an ordinary chimney
brest in the manner of an ordinary fire-place; substantially as herein set forth.
3. The apparatus for heating rooms of buildings, provided with fire-grate,
heating passages about same, doors for opening or closing said fire-grate and
adapted by plates thereon to close more or less the grate bottom, and valves for
controlling the entrance or flow of air; substantially as herein set forth with
reference to the drawings.
4. The combination in apparatus for heating and ventilating rooms of buildings,
of a heating apparatus adapted to be used at will, either as an open fire-place
or as a closed stove, and adapted to be set in an ordinary opening in the chimney
breast, as described, and a valve (2) arranged in conjunction with a closed
chimney, and operating as and for the purposes specified.
5. Heating apparatus for rooms of buildings, in the form of a narrow chamber
in depth, and of relatively great width, and adapted to fit in an ordinary chimney
brest or fire-place opening, and having a fire-grate in the centre thereof with a
-door or doors for closing same when desired, and passages at the sides and above
same, as set forth with reference to and shewn in Figures 1 to 3 of the drawings.
6. The heating apparatus having its parts combined, constructed, and adapted
to operate particularly as described with reference to and shewn in Figures 1 to 5
of the drawings.
16th day of February 1894.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON, Fels. Chart. Inst. P.A.,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.