CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SHAWLS, SCARFS, NECKERCHIEFS, HANDKERCHIEFS, MANTLES, SAILS OR SAIL CLOTH, TABLECLOTHS AND TABLE COVERS, NAPKINS, AND UMBRELLA AND PARASOL TOPS AND COVERS, AND IN AN IMPROVED LOOM FOR WEAVING, APPLICABLE ESPECIALLY TO THE SAID IMPROVEMENTS IN RESPECT TO SOME OF THE SAID ARTICLES."
Year: 1852

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to Henry Richardson Fanshawe, of Arthur
Street, Old Kent Road, in the County of Surrey, Chemist and
Manufacturing Agent, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN SHAWLS, SCARFS, NECKERCHIEFS, HANDKERCHIEFS, MANTLES, SAILS
OR SAIL CLOTH, TABLECLOTHS AND TABLE COVERS, NAPKINS, AND
UMBRELLA AND PARASOL TOPS AND COVERS, AND IN AN IMPROVED LOOM
FOR WEAVING, APPLICABLE ESPECIALLY TO THE SAID IMPROVEMENTS IN
RESPECT TO SOME OF THE SAID ARTICLES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Richardson
Fanshawe at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 1st October 1852.
I, HENRY RICHARDSON FANSHAWE, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SHAWLS, SCARFS, NECKER-
CHIEFS, HANDKERCHIEFS, MANTLES, SAILS OR SAIL CLOTH, TABLECLOTHS AND
TABLE COVERS, NAPKINS, AND UMBRELLA AND PARASOL TOPS AND COVERS, AND
IN AN IMPROVED LOOM FOR WEAVING, APPLICABLE ESPECIALLY TO THE SAID
IMPROVEMENTS IN RESPECT TO SOME OF THE SAID ARTICLES," to be as follows;
viz.
1st, the use of curvilinear forms for certain articles for which they have
not been publicly used heretofore, viz., shawls, scarfs, mantles, necker-

page_text: chiefs, handkerchiefs, sails, tablecloths and table covers, napkins, and
umbrella and parasol tops or covers; the above being, where available.
produced by weaving, as hereafter mentioned, or by any suitable
known means of producing curvilinear forms, and may be suitably
ornamented.
2nd, producing the above, and woven fabrics generally, by weaving
them in circular or curvilinear forms by the agency of the weaving
machine or loom hereafter described, which has a harness similar in all
its details to the ordinary harness, only that the form of the frame is to
be that of a hoop, round, oval, or curved, in such way, or to such
particular inclines or curves, as may be required in the article to be
woven, each row of harness being connected with its own hoop; the
shuttle, or conveyer of the thread, being arranged to travel within
the hoop harness, and the warp threads being fastened within the said
harness; the whole loom and operations being suitably arranged with
respect thereto.
And such loom may be employed for weaving other forms than those
above stated.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters. Patent,
filed by the said Henry Richardson Fanshawe, in the Great Seal
Patent Office, on the 1st April 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
HENRY RICHARDSON FANSHAWE, of Arthur Street, Old Kent Road, in
the County of Surrey, Chemist and Manufacturing Agent, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the sixteenth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Henry Richardson Fanshawe, Her special licence
that I, the said Henry Richardson Fanshawe, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry. Richardson

page_text: Fanshawe, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed; should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SHAWLS, SCARFS, NECKERCHIEFS, HANDKER-
CHIEFS, MANTLES, SAILS OR SAIL CLOTH, TABLECLOTHS AND TABLE COVERS,
NAPKINS, AND UMBRELLA AND PARASOL TOPS AND COVERS, AND IN AN IMPROVED
LOOM FOR WEAVING, APPLICABLE ESPECIALLY TO THE SAID IMPROVEMENTS, IN
RESPECT TO SOME OF THE SAID ARTICLES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Henry Richardson Fanshawe, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that 1, the said Henry Richardson Fanshawe,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement or specification thereof, reference
being had to the drawings hereto annexed, herein referred to, and
forming part hereof, by the figures and letters placed thereon, as here-
after set forth :
The nature of my said Invention consists in making and producing
the articles above stated in curvilinear forms, said forms not having
hitherto been publicly adopted for the same; and such articles so made
may be plain or suitably ornamented, as hereafter set forth.
Also, in an improved loom for weaving, applicable especially to the
said improvements in respect to some of the said articles, that is, for
producing the above, and woven fabrics generally, where applicable, by
weaving them in circular or curvilinear, or partly angular and partly
curvilinear forms, by the agency of the weaving machine or loom here-
after described, that is, having harness similar, in all the details thereof,
to the ordinary harness, only that each row of harness shall have the
form of a divided hoop, round, oval, or curved, in such way, or to such

page_text: particular inclines or curves, as may be required n the article to be
woven, each row of harness being connected with its own hoop or corded
tumbler; or the several parts of the harness or the "corded tumblers
may be formed as portions of a hoop, and used instead of one hoop,
which will be found the plan most generally suitable; a shuttle, or
conveyer of the thread, hereafter described, being provided, and arranged
so as to travel within this hoop harness; the whole loom and operations
of weaving being suitably arranged with respect thereto, as hereafter
lescribed.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, I now pro-
ceed to describe in what manner the same is to be performed; viz.,
I make and produce shawls and others of the articles above named
in various curvilinear forms or shapes as desired, either by weaving them
in the loom or weaving machine above mentioned, or in any known
method of producing curvilinear forms suited to such fabrics; but when
they are not produced by the agency of the said loom or weaving
machine, but cut out or produced from fabrics woven in the piece in
the usual manner, they should be provided with suitable bordering, in
order to insure the integrity of the fabric. Thus, a shawl, or other of the
said articles, may be bordered by first sewing or otherwise securing all
round the edge of one surface thereof a tape, gimp, or other similiar
material, which is then to be turned in and sewn down to the reverse sur-
face, or secured to the reverse surface by any adhesive composition, as
solution of indian-rubber; or the same might, for some articles, be secured
by such adhesive composition alone, without sewing down; or I take out
the inner threads, being on two sides weft threads, and two sides warp
threads, until sufficient of loose ends are left to-enable the lower one to
be crossed and knotted in connexion with the one facing it above, which
forms a fringed selvage. And such articles, whether produced as above
stated, or by the loom or weaving machine before referred to, may be
suitably ornamented at the borders and other parts thereof, as follows; viz.
The mode of ornamenting which I consider particularly suitable for
my shawls, scarfs, mantles, tablecloths and table covers, is this:-I take
the article formed as aforesaid, and I apply to one surface of the same,
intended to be ornamented, caoutchouc in paste or solution, or an

page_text: other insoluble flexible cement or compound, sufficient to render. such
surface adhesive. I now place the same, with the said surface upper-
most, stretched out upon a table, or other convenient surface, and mark
upon the adhesive side the positions for the intended pattern of the
several parts of it. I now give a thin coat of the caoutchouc solution
to those parts upon which the pattern is to commence, for instance, the
centre of the same; and when the surface is "tackey" enough to receive it,
I lay thereon the woven or ornamented pattern or device, which has been
previously coated on that side which is intended to be the downward
surface, proceeding in this way until the design is complete. And also,
when desirable, I form a border for the same in like manner. In all
cases, I find it requisite to use a small hand roller, to insure the
thorough adhesion of all the surface of the same, and this after the
laying of the whole of the design and the border, which rolling must be
conducted with great care, and before too great a lapse of time has
taken place, but not so soon as to derange the pattern or device.
It may here be remarked, that articles made and ornamented as
described may be rendered completely waterproof, by simply waterproof-
ing the ornamented surface in the ordinary manner; and also, that the
same may be rendered elastic in parts by cementing or securing bands
or pieces of indian-rubber, or similar clastic substance, between the
surface to be ornamented and the ornament.
With regard to sails or sail cloth :-I prefer to make or produce sail
cloth by weaving the same in the loom or weaving machine, hereafter
described, whereby I produce a piece of sail cloth, of circular or oval
form, leaving a corresponding opening in the centre thereof, or several
openings, arranged concentrically, for the purpose of allowing of the
adoption of a wind valve or valves, which may be so adjusted that sails
made in this manner shall be acted upon by the pressure of the wind
to the desired extent only, the excess of wind escaping through the
valves, and relieving the sail from undue pressure. This wind valve is
to be formed by placing a circular or oval piece over such opening,
larger than the same, and securing it by a "lap scan," in the manner
hereafter described. Or I weave in the said loom, or weaving machine,
curvilinear or combined curvilinear and angular pieces of sail cloth,
which are to be joined together, so as to form a sail of any exterior form

page_text: 66
or contour desired; and the said pieces may be stitched or joined together
with a lap seam, (see Drawing, Figures 15, and 16,) the stitching being
at intervals only, thus leaving air spaces in the sail; and in this
unstitched or unsewn portion of the sail I punch holes, through the two
substances, and lay upon each side of the seam a strip of caoutchouc
paste," rolled out for the purpose, just the width of the "lap," the
same having been previously "primed," or coated with liquid indian-
rubber, to render it adhesive; sucli "paste" being composed of indian-
rubber and a sufficient proportion of sulphur, the preparation of which
compound is well understood by indian-rubber manufacturers. This
seam I submit to pressure sufficient to unite the whole, and cause the
compound to join or unite at the preparations, when, by submitting
the whole article to the heat of a stove at 320° to 340° Fah', the
whole is "set" and vulcanized. A sail thus constructed will be found
to act in the ordinary manner, till the pressure of wind becomes
excessive, when it will find its egress through the unconnected portions,
or the openings thereof. And this method is to be adopted likewise for
the circular valve, or valves arranged concentrically, before mentioned.
In order to the better explanation of my said Invention, I now
proceed to describe the drawings hereto annexed, and forming part
hereof, by the words, letters, and figures following, that is to say:
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1, an external elevation of the loom or weaving machine
before mentioned, a portion of the lower or warp frame and harness
being broken away, to shew an apparatus on which the shuttle rests,
and forming the shuttle race.
This view shews only a few of the bobbins, but in practice a much
greater number will be used.
Figure 2, sectional view, shewing an elevation of one eighth of the
machine, the warp being shewn divided, and the inner harness lowered, the
outer being raised, and the left treddle, attached to the inner harness,
depressed; the right treddle, attached to the outer harness, being
raised such treddles being shewn fixed upon joints or centres attached
to the spindle B. It also shews the reel, the apparatus for the shuttle
race, and the shuttle in its place.

page_text: On the arms of the upper frame D, are placed small riggers or
pullies, such arms serving as axes thereto.
These riggers or pullies are provided with a small steel spring in the
bore," and next the said arm, pressing constantly against the same,
and preventing the shifting or too free play thereof; the tumbler or
harness cords being passed once round its particular rigger or pulley.
Over these riggers or pullies pass cords, F, (some only being marked,)
connected at their lower extremities to the tops of the tumblers or por-
tions of the harness G, some only being marked. These are similar to
the ordinary harness, except in being curved, shown in the drawing, with
the curvature maintained by a cord from the two extremities; and,
although the drawing does not shew that, the cords of the harness are
coloured of different colours, in practice every five in rotation will be of
a different colour: say, for the first, white; second, black; third, red;.
fourth, yellow; and fifth, bine; sixth, white; seventh, black; eighth,
red; ninth, yellow; tenth, blue; so on to the end, in order to prevent
mistakes in the mounting of fresh warp threads.
The upper rim E', of the lower frame E, is perforated with slits; on
the side of which slit nearest to the harness there is fastened on with fine
wire a thin glass rod, to serve as a rest for the warp threads to lay on,
and work to and fro, in the necessary movements of the harness, and the
action of the weights on the reels or bobbins. When commencing
the operation of the work by mounting the warp, I proceed by taking
up a thread from the nearest top bobbin or reel, and pass it up and
through the slit or opening in the circular rim nearest to the harness.
I then (in the usual manner in ordinary weaving) pass the entering
hook through the opening or dent in the reed or slade, and also through
the inner white loop in the harness opposite the same.
I next take up
the thread from the bobbin or reel immediately under the first one, and
carry that up and through the small slip or opening, and pass it,
by means of the entering hook" before mentioned, through the same
opening or "dent" in the reed as the first thread, but through the next
white loop of the harness opposite the first white loop. I pass these
threads with a loop on to one of the small hooks affixed to a ring a,
see Figure 2.) which is on the spindle B, for that purpose.
I now proceed in the same way with the two threads under the next
white loops, and pass them through the slit or opening just above them.

page_text: and through the harness and slade, and fasten in precisely the same
way, until the whole of the white loops in the circle are filled up. I
now depress the left treddle (9), draw down the right hand cord, F,
placing the ring upon its hook (). The shuttle charged with its quills
must now be introduced, by opening the top portion of the warp with
the fingers, and allowed to rest upon the gutter or shuttle-race piece
a, which was raised by the depression of the left treddle to receive it.
The usual bobbin weights must now be applied to all the reels engaged
in the operation, the threads being drawn smooth and even. The
frame must now be moved by the operator as far up the incline by
the handle at (L), to the width of one "tumbler," and the next left
treddle depressed, and the right ring (m) drawn, as in previous case,
when the shuttle will move on to the next gutter or race piece, which
has been raised as the first was. The harness, which was before raised,
must now be liberated from its hook, and the end of the weft thread
made fast to the upper surface of the warp, by a pin placed crossway, as
well known to weavers. The first operator may go on in the same man-
ner till the circle has been made, when the right treddle (n), and the
left hand ring (o), must be employed, and placed on the hook (p), in
succession, till the round of the circle is run, when the former action
must be again resorted to, of depressing the left treddle and drawing
down the right ring.
The process of weaving continues until more warp threads have to be
mounted, which must be added by one round of threads being mounted
and fastened to the warp by cross pins through the black loops, as the
former were through the white loops; and so on, as the diameter of
the woven portion increases, must the addition of the warp threads be
made through the coloured loops, taking the whole of one colour at
each mounting.
The treddles above mentioned are connected with a rod S, by a cord
(9). This rod works in a groove in the two arms of the frame, Figure 2,
e, e, or on the side of the said arms, being confined by an iron plate
bolted on to each arm (to steady the rod and weight). At the bottom
of this rod is a weight, which must be so regulated as barely to balance
the treddle in operation, when the shuttle is on the race piece. This

page_text: rod is lifted in turn by each treddle employed, there being a cord from
each treddle to the end of the lever 2, which acts upon the said rod,
whether two, four, six, or more in number; and the cord, as shewn at
Figure 2, must have sufficient play to allow the harness to rise when
required, and no more. At Figure 2, the left treddle is depressed, and
the right one raised. The treddle will, by this arrangement, remain
down when required, and can be easily raised by the foot to its place,
which will, by the weight on the rod (S): lower it and the race piece
together. When required for work of various diameters, the cord
marked (9) Figure 2, may be fixed to a ring placed on the treddle, the
lever (), rods, and weight, with the race piece, being then capable of
being slidden near to or from the centre; and the pulleys on the top
frame may be worked nearer to the centre, to accord and to suit any
such requirements.
Each treddle, upon depression, draws down its harness or "corded
tumbler by its own connecting cord, marked (t); and at the
same time the cord, which acts upon the lever end r, working on its
pivot at top of the upright y, rises the weighted rod (s), on the top
of which rod is fixed by a socket and screw the gutter or shuttle-race
piece (a), and which is also steadied by the projecting forked arms
acting as supports only, as shewn at Figure 1. This race piece or gutter
is made of sheet copper or galvanized iron, curved, and the edges turned
up, to prevent the shuttle working out of its course. It is rather wider
than the shuttle z; and underneath, exactly in the centre, must be fixed
a socket, two inches long, and provided with a screw having a flat head,
as a thumb screw, to fasten it on to the rod.
In the drawing at Figure 1, the sole plate A, of this loom or weaving
machine is shewn provided with a pall or catch A', and the lower end
of the spindle B, with a ratchet wheel B'; the two "so combined or
arranged that the spindle and machine will revolve in one direction
only, which is a necessary precaution when the machine is worked on
the slant but the same may lie dispensed with, should the machine be
set perpendicular; in that case, however, it will be necessary to alter
the construction of the gutter or shuttle race piece (a), as hereafter set
forth. The reed or slade which I prefer to employ in the said loom or

page_text: weaving machine shewn at Figure 2, such reed or slade being, as afore-
said, formed out of one piece of steel, which is first softened and thei
sawn through its thickness, in such manner as to produce the reed.or
slade illustrated by the said figures, the same being afterwards hardened
to the same temper as the ordinary reeds.
I also use what I term my hand reed, and which is shewn at Figure
11, and is made as just described as aforesaid, except that it is not so
large as the former reed or slade, and differs also in being formed like a
comb, instead of as aforesaid. And when the diameter of the work is
so great that it may be difficult for the operator to reach the work at
the commencement, at the centre, I place a bandle at right angles, or
nearly so, to the top of this reed.
The sluttle or conveyer of the thread shewn at Figure 4, is of different
construction as aforesaid to those used in ordinary looms, and consists
of a peculiar shaped box , having curvilinear edges and wedge-
shaped ends, its cross section at any point throughout being wedge-shaped
likewise, to which is attached bevilled rollers (some of themi marked b,)
which are hollow tubes with rounded closed ends, of the forni shewn.
These run upon wires, the ends of which at *, are soldered on to the
edge of said box a, and pass through the roller at perforations at the
ends thereof, and out at the other end thereof, over the wedge part of
the said box, turning over to the other side, and through the perforations
of the other roller at the opposite side; thence passing through that
other roller, its other end is soldered down to the edge. Upon these
wires the rollers are free to revolve.
Within the said box is a division c, at or near the centre thereof, to
which is attached by pen-blade hinges the quill spindles. One half of
this shuttle is shewn, with a quill or bobbin and weft-thread thereon at
the head, near the hinge. Each quill or bobbin is provided with an
enlarged part having a V nick around it, into which a steel wire or
spring presses downwards, and is soldered at one end to the edge of the
shuttle, the object being to restrain the quill from running loose, the
thread being given out only as it travels in its course.
At each end of this shuttle an orifice e, is made, into which a glass
eye of the ordinary kind used in shuttles is inserted. At the wedge part,

page_text: in the interior of the shuttle, and opposite the quill, must be soldered a
wire
eye, for the guidance of the weft thread from the quill to the glass
eye. This shuttle being supplied with bobbins or quills of thread, the
end of the thread is turned through this wire eye, and is drawn through
the glass eye by the operator sucking thereat in the usual manner, and
this is then fastened to the warp or woven portion by a pin, in the usual
way, and is for the obvious purpose of preventing its being drawn
through the work, the warp threads not yet having crossed upon it.
This weaving machine or loom, when arranged as shown by the
drawings, and as just described, is suitable for weaving circular, oval, or
other similar complete forms; but when I desire to use such loom for
producing semi-circular or elliptical figures, or parts thereof, I remove
such corded tumblers' or portions of the harness not required; for
instance, to weave a semi-circle, only half the quantity of harness
required for the complete circle will be wanted. The arrangements and
operations will be similar in all other respects.
་་
The drawing at Figures 14, 15, 16, illustrates the character of the
sails or sail cloth formed according to my said invention, and herein-before
described; Figure 14 being a side elevation of a complete sail, formed
or constructed in the manner described; Figure 15, a horizontal section
of the circular or concentric wind valve, when unopened by the wind, or
remaining in a quiescent state; Figure 16, a horizontal sectional view of
the lap-seam wind valve, when opened by the wind as aforesaid.
In these figures, the parts coloured brown represent the india-rubber
or other simple flexible compound applied to form the said valves in the
manner herein-before set forth.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I further declare, that although
I have herein described the construction and arrangements I leem
the most generally suitable, that I do not confine myself to those precise
constructions and arrangements, as different kinds of woven articles
require a somewhat different treatment; thus, the angle at which the
loom shall be set aslant will depend upon the description of work, as
silk or fine cottons would require a less inclination than coarse linen;
the objects of the inclination of the loom being to give the warp threads

page_text: a declination, down which the shuttle may roll, and carry the weft
onwards. And it is evident, that as silk and fine cottons will present
little or no obstruction to the rolling of the shuttle, whilst coarse linen
will offer obstruction to some extent, a less declination is required for
the silk and fine cottons than for the coarse linen; but the angle of
inclination or declination I should usually observe would be from 5
to 7 degrees. And I do not confine or limit myself to setting and
working the loom aslant at all, as it may in some cases be set and
worked perfectly perpendicular, by removing the gutter or shuttle-race
piece from the position described with reference to the drawings, and
using the same by hand, to form the required shuttle race. In such
cases I throw off the bottom ketch at A, Figure 1, leaving in the
machine only such harness as I may require for the work in hand; and
I unfix each gutter or race piece which may happen to be at this part
of the frame, putting in the place thereof a continuous race piece, long
enough to extend the whole width of the work in hand, which I suspend
by narrow bands of vulcanized india-rubber at each corner of its two
extremities to the unoccupied part of the rim E, (Figure 1,) just so
high as to touch the bottom threads of the warp.
In the working of the machine perpendicularly, I proceed with the
warp mounting, and the treddles and harness, as herein-before described.
I introduce the shuttle in the raised edge of the warp, and allow it to
pass out at the other edge of the work; and I allow the shuttle to pass
out, and then lower the harness, and beat up the weft with the slade,
again raising the harness, to cross the warp, and re-introduce the shuttle,
forming a selvage thereby; the latter traversing from edge to edge, by
the depression, by the hand of the operator, of the suspended race piece
at one end, and by means of the clasticity of the bands described, which,
by their contraction, cause the race to become again level, and the
declination being given at the other end, as required, and so on, vice
versa.
And I do not confine or limit myself to the precise forms shewn and
described, as the harness may be of any curvilinear form, and the frame-
work may differ also; indeed the framework of an ordinary loom might
be adopted for weaving portions of circles, or ovals or ellipses, by

page_text: arranging the harness herein-before described, and illustrated by the
drawings, in required form, and tying it up to the "lambs," such
lambs" being further apart, and the treddles being arranged as
herein-before described, that is, by applying certain parts of my machine
to the ordinary loom, the same being slightly modified, as by having
two battens, each fitted with a curved reed, two sets of curved harness,
two race pieces fixed by elastic bands as described for the-
perpendicular machine, and the weighted bobbins or reels to supply
warp threads in place of the ordinary warp rollers or frames, one being
at each end; the battens working inside the harness (slung inside the
lambs"), and beating towards the centre, contrary to the usual
Thus, by this arrangement, ellipses may be formed, as also ovals,
and many other curvilinear forms. Two persons could work on one
piece also at the same time.
manner.
And I do not confine. myself to cach circle of harness being composed
of several corded tumblers or portions of harness; as, for a divided
circle, one pair of corded tumblers or complete harness may be used';
but in such case the whole of each portion of harness must raise cach
tumbler" by its treddle cord, as the case may be, and the race be
suspended from the frame E', Figure 1, as before mentioned, with
regard to the perpendicular machine or looni.
I find that in weaving with this 'machine (especially when working
aslant), that two operators are preferable to one, as the harness should
be closed by the second person, immediately upon the shuttle passing on
to the next race piece, which will level the warp threads; and the reed
or slade can be used to press the weft thread (just given out from the
quill in the shuttle) into its proper position; by which time this person
will be able to draw forward the frame by the handles provided for such
purpose, just the width of one "tumbler." During such operation the
first operative will be employed in opening the warp by the treddle, and
drawing up of harness by the aid of the cord, seeing to the proper
working of the shuttle and the warp, &c.; although one operator may
be sufficient to conduct the whole.
Where it is desired to produce a ring round, or otherwise, in this
machine, I find it necessary to place a substance, such as thin wood or

page_text: millboard, just the size of the inside of the intended object to be woven,
so that this board shall fill up such space from the centre shaft of the
frame; and on to the upper side, or near the edge of this board, I fix
small hooks to hold the warp threads when the same are mounted, as
described before, in the mounting and hooking to the ring marked a
(Figure 2.) The weaving will commence at the edge of this central,
circular, or curvilinear board, and continue until the desired width of the
ring is woven. The same arrangement may be made also for parts of
circles, &c. in the perpendicular machine, by filling up in the same
manner all that portion of the centre part which is not required in the
woven article.
And I do not confine myself to working my loom or weaving machine
by hand, as other means of obtaining the requisite motion might be
resorted to, although I consider the method described as the most
suitable.
And I further declare, that I do not claim in respect thereto the
mechanical details of the machinery or apparatus herein described
(which might be varied in several unimportant particulars), except
when the same are employed for the purposes of my said invention, the
nature and character whereof is herein-before set forth and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Richardson Fanshawe,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of
March, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-three.
Signed and sealed in my presence,
F. W. CAMPIN.
Patent Office, Strand.
H. R. FANSHAWE. (L.S.)