IMPROVEMENTS IN WARMING AND VENTILATING APPARATUS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Kissack, of Liverpool, in the County of Lan-
caster, Iron Founder, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WARMING
AND VENTILATING APPARATUS."
Sealed the 19th May 1865, and dated the 24th November 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Kissack at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
November 1864.
I, JOHN KISSACK, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Iron Founder,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WARMING AND VENTILATING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an arrangement of parts constituting an apparatus
for heating air artificially previously to its being admitted into apartments or
rooms in churches, balls, and other public and private buildings and structures,
to warm and ventilate the same.
In brickwork or masonry of any suitable external form, erected in any
convenient place, such as a vault or cellar at a lower level than the rooms or
places to be warmed and ventilated, I form a furnace or fire-place with the
bars inclined downwards from the front to the bridge or horizontal in the
usual way. The mouth of this furnace or fire-place and the front of the ash-
pit are fitted with doors which can be closed almost air-tight, but they are
provided with slides or shutters to regulate the supply of air to maintain
combustion, the object being the economization of fuel. The "arch" is
formed in any convenient way. The heated gases or products of combustion

page_text: are led over and alongside or either over or alongside the "arch" into flues,
where a number of pipes are disposed horizontally or nearly so.
These pipes
are open at the surface of the brickwork or masonry, or, if under cover, they
are continued to the outside of the main building to receive fresh air. At
the back end, somewhere about the bridge of the furnace, they, the said
pipes, converge and join into one, two, or more main flues, fitted with con-
trolling dampers, through which the air, heated to any desired temperature
by regulation of the air admitted to maintain combustion in the furnace or
fire-place, is led to the place or apartment to be warmed and ventilated, the
heat imparted to the air being sufficient to cause a continuous inward current
through the pipes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Kissack in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 23rd
May 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
KISSACK, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Iron Founder, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said John Kissack, Her special licence that I, the
said John Kissack, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said John Kissack, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WARMING AND VENTILATING APPARATUS," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said John Kissack, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Kissack, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be 'particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement (that is to say) :-
My Invention relates to an arrangement of parts constituting an apparatus
for heating air artificially previously to its being admitted into apartments or
rooms, in churches, halls, and other public and private buildings and
structures, to warm and ventilate the same.
In brickwork or masonry of any suitable external form, erected in any
convenient place, such as a vault or cellar, at a lower level than the rooms
or places to be warmed and ventilated, I form a furnace or fire-place with
the bars inclined downwards from the front to the bridge or horizontal
in the usual way. The mouth of this furnace or fire-place and the front of
the ash-pit are fitted with doors which can be closed almost air-tight, but
they are provided with slides or shutters to regulate the supply of air to
maintain combustion, the object being the economization of fuel. The
"arch" is formed in any convenient way. The heated gases or products
of combustion are led over and alongside or either over or alongside the
"arch" into flues, where a number of pipes are disposed horizontally or nearly
so. These pipes are open at the surface of the brickwork or masonry, or,
if under cover, they are continued to the outside of the main building to
receive fresh air. At the back end, somewhere about the bridge of the
furnace, they, the said pipes, converge and join into one, two, or more main
flues, fitted with controlling dampers, through which the air, heated to any
desired temperature by regulation of the air admitted to maintain combustion
in the furnace or fire-place, is led to the place or apartment to be warmed
and ventilated, the heat imparted to the air being sufficient to cause a
continuous inward current through the pipes.
The accompanying Sheet of Drawings shews that arrangement of parts
according to my Invention which I prefer, Fig. 1 being a front elevation;
Fig. 2, a transverse section at A, B; and Fig. 3, a longitudinal section
at C, D.
The same parts in all these views are denoted by like letters; thus a is
the brickwork or masonry setting; b, the furnace fire-bars; c, the furnace
and ash-pit mouth covers or doors, provided with slides d, hung on rods e, to
regulate the admission of air; f, the arch formed of a number of pieces of
metal jointed together, and tied by rods g; the sides of the said arch fare
shown lined with clay tiles h; i is the bridge.
In this arrangement the air to be heated passes outside and around the

page_text: pipes, the flames and products of combustion, so as to economize fuel, being
made to pass into the pipes j, thence by elbows k into return pipes l, and by
other elbows m into pipes n, from which latter they are conveyed into the
chimney. The said products of combustion do thereby make a lengthened
travel before final escape into the chimney. are passages through which
the pipes and n may be cleaned by removal of the covering flanges p. The
cool fresh air to be heated enters from pipes or flues, say, under the ash-pit,
or through openings in the building or otherwise, into the space q, and plays
around, and is raised in temperature by heat from the pipes and elbows, and is
finally carried off by one or more flues (two are shown) v. Regulating
dampers of any ordinary kind to control the supply of cold air and also of that
air when heated would or might be used.
The same arrangement of parts by simple lengthening of the ends of the
pipes until they projected beyond the front of the brick or masonry setting a
would be employed when the air to be heated was passed through the pipes.
The flames and products of combustion in that case would be allowed to pass
over the bridge i into the space 2, and to play around the pipes and elbows in
that space, but I have found in practice that it is decidedly preferable, having
in view the economy of fuel, to convey the products of combustion into and
through the pipes, and to pass the air outside of them.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention,
I would now state what I claim is, the arrangement of parts constituting
apparatus in which air can be heated for the purposes of warming and venti-
lating, substantially as herein described and illustrated on the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Kissack, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
In the presence of
JOHN T. KING,
Patent Agent,
4, Clayton Square,
Liverpool.
JOHN KISSACK. (L.S.)