IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, DRAIN PIPES, TRAPS, SEWAGE TANKS, AND WATERCLOSET PANS AND VALVES
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Jones, of Charlton, in the County of Kent,
for the Invention of. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS,
DRAIN PIPES, TRAPS, SEWAGE TANKS, AND WATERCLOSET PANS AND VALVES,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Jones at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st October 1863.
I, EDWARD JONES, of Charltor, in the County of Kent, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
BRICKS, DRAIN PIPES, TRAPS, SEWAGE TANKS, AND WATERCLOSET PANS AND
VALVES, AND THE MACHINERY AND APPARATUS NECESSARY FOR THE SAME," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object the manufacture of more substantial and
suitable materials for building purposes, drains, and waterclosets, whereby
the houses and drains may be better constructed and made more free from
offensive effluvia.
. For this purpose, in the manufacture of bricks or drain pipes, I use the
machinery patented by me, July 26th, 1858, numbered 1683, with improve-

page_text: ments for which Provisional Protection has been allowed to me dated May 1st,
1863, numbered 1096.
To the pugmill I use additional spiral knives for pressing the clay into the
feed boxes, with horizontal pistons acted upon by cams, in concert with the
other parts of the machine, whereby a given quantity of clay is pressed out
each stroke, and severed into parts as the same passes onwards to or upon
endless chains or friction rollers, by which means they are conveyed upon
hinged pallet boards, and turned from side to side and sanded ready for
moulding. They are then turned upon the stock or upon a loose pallet board,
and guided by grooves, cheeks, stops, or other adjusting parts to the exact
position in the mould frame to be compressed into bricks. To the pistons that
compress the clay in the moulds I attach plates with holes covered with felt
to prevent adhesion, which are easily exchanged for duplicates when required.
The moulds,pistons, and cutting wires are of peculiar construction, acted upon
by cams from the pugmill shaft. The bricks may be moulded upon pallet
boards or pressed out upon them as they are delivered (the pallet boards being
first placed under them) and then slided upon the barrows to be conveyed
to the drying ground. In moulding drain pipes I use additional feed
boxes with spiral screws in them ramifying from the bottom of the pugmill;
the spiral screws are set in motion by bevil gear outside the feed boxes, and
fixed to the spiral screws within, and the same being kept in motion by the
action of the pugmill shaft, with a regular supply of clay, a continual
stream of piping or other article will be forced through the dies.
The second improvement relates to a new description of closet pan and
valves, drain traps, and sewage tanks. The closet pan is so made as to
receive the valve at the side of the pan, which when closed will allow the
water to flow off at any given level above the valve, so as effectually to trap
the pan, and the surface valve is so made and fixed to the pan as to be acted
upon within the fan of the closet pan by a special formation of the pan to this
end. Beneath the closet pan a double trap is fixed, the one to receive the
contents of the closet when used, the other to be always open for waste water
to pass off. Beneath the first trap covered with a sliding door (which when
open closes the second trap) I fix a tank with suitable divisions and filtering
media to receive the sewage, and the water being filtered passes into a second
tank of similar description filled with deodorising matter, by which the water
is purified and allowed to pass into the drains. In cases were the improved
closet pan is used for portable closets, a bag composed of impervious flexible
material may be used to contain the water, which when compressed by
leverage or other means will force the water out to flush and cleanse the pan.

page_text: The sewage tanks are so fixed as to be easily removed for emptying or
renewing.
Another description of closet pan is by an elbow pipe being attached to
the opening in the side of the pan by a flexible joint to allow the lower
elbow branch to desend, by which the apex of the elbow is so lowered as to
allow the pan to be emptied and flushed. The lower part of the elbow is
so formed as to fit closely in the trap below, and when elevated it forms a
close air-tight joint or countervalve against the collar of the trap, and when
the pan is also trapped.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Jones in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
30th April 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
JONES, of Charlton, in the County of Kent, send greeting.
• WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixt-three, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Edward Jones, Her special licence that I, the said Edward
Jones, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as [,
the said Edward Jones, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, DRAIN PIPES, TRAPS, AND
SEWAGE TANKS, AND WATERCLOSET PANS AND VALVES, AND THE MACHINERY AND
APPARATUS NECESSARY FOR THE SAME," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Edward Jones, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW. KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Jones, do hereby declare
the nature, of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object the manufacture of more substantial and
suitable materials for building purposes, drains, and waterclosets, whereby
the houses and drains may be better constructed and made more free from
offensive effluvia.
For this purpose, in the manufacture of bricks or drain pipes, I use the
machinery patented by me, July 26th, 1858, numbered 1683, with improve-
ments for which Provisional Protection has been allowed to me dated May
1st, 1863, numbered 1096.
To the pugmill I use additional spiral knives for pressing the clay into the
feed boxes, with horizontal pistons acted upon by cams, in concert with the
other parts of the machine, whereby a given quantity of clay is pressed out
each stroke, and severed into parts as the same passes onwards to or upon
endless chains or friction rollers, by which means they are conveyed upon
hinged pallet boards, and turned from side to side and sanded ready for
moulding. They are then turned upon the stock or upon a loose pallet board,
and guided by grooves, cheeks, or stops, or other adjusting parts of the
machine to the exact position in the mould frame to be compressed into
bricks. To the pistons that compress the clay in the moulds I attach plates
covered with felt to prevent adhesion, which are easily exchanged for
duplicates when required. The moulds, pistons, and cutting wires are of
peculiar construction, acted upon by cams from the pugmill shaft. The bricks
may be moulded upon pallet boards or pressed out upon them (the pallet
boards being first placed under them) as they are delivered; they are then
slided upon the barrows to be conveyed to the drying ground. In moulding
drain pipes I use additional feed boxes with spiral screws in them, ramifying
from the bottom of the pugmill; the spiral screws are set in motion by bevel
gear outside the feed boxes, and fixed to the spiral screws within, and the
same being kept in motion by the action of the pugmill shaft, with a regular
supply of clay, a continual stream of piping or other articles will be forced
through the dies.
The second improvement relates to a new description of closet pan and
valves, drain
traps, and sewage tanks. The closet pan is so made as to receive
the valve at the side of the pan, which when closed will allow the water to
flow of at any given level above the valve, so as effectually to trap the pan,
and the service valve is so made and fixed to the pan as to be acted upon
within the fan of the closet pan by a special formation of the pan to this end.
Beneath the closet pan a double trap is fixed, the one to receive the contents

page_text: of the closet when used, the other to be always open for waste water to pass
off. Beneath the first trap covered with a sliding door (which when opened
closes the second trap) I fix a tank with suitable divisions and filtering
media to receive the sewage, and the water being filtered passes into a second
tank of similer description filled with deodorising matter, by which the water
is filtered and purified and allowed to pass into the drain. In cases where
the supply of water to the pan is limited, as in portable waterclosets or
commodes, a bag composed of impervious flexible material may be used to
contain the water, which when compressed by leverage or other means will
force the water out to flush and cleuse the pan. The sewage tanks are so
fixed as to be easily removed for emptying or renewing without any smell
or taint of the atmosphere.
Another description of closet pan is by an elbow pipe being attached to the
opening in the side of the pan by a flexible joint to allow the lower elbow
branch to descend, by which the apex of the elbow is so lowered as to allow
the pan to be emptied and flushed. The lower part of the elbow is so formed
as to fit closely in the trap below, and when elevated it forms a close air-tite
joint or countervalve against the collar of the trap, and at the same time the
pan is traped.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCREPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 is a section of my improved brick machine; Figure 2 is a plan
thereof. a, a, are spiral knives for forcing the clay into the feed boxes b, b,
with horizontal pistous, acted upon by cams on the disk c against friction
rollers d, d; e, e, are the cutting wires or blades set in action by the backward
motion of the pistons; the arm is made to rise over the hinged flap g, whilst
the arm i being in action passes under the corresponding hinged flap. Atk
I fix adjusting pieces with set screws to act as throttle valves for regulating
the quantity of clay to be forced out by the pistons. 11, are hinged pallet
boards, made to rise right and left by the backward and forward motion of
the bar m with pins or studs that act against the tappets n, n; o is the loose
pallet board on which the blocks of clay are turned after being sanded by the
action of sand sifters. The bricks are then guided by cheeks or grooves and
stops on to the stock ready for moulding. p is the loose plate suspended
under the piston in the mould, which is detached by compressing the spring q.
The plate, the endles chain, and the hinged pallet boards are covered with
plush or felt. 8, 8, are additional feed boxes with spiral knives or screws set

page_text: in motion by bevel gear outside the feed boxes; t, t, are levers that work the
moulds and pistons by cams on the disk u.
Figure 3 is a new description of closet pans and valves, with double trap
and sewage tanks. a is the valve for closing the outlet of the pan, by which
the water is retained to any given level in the pan, the same being allowed to
escape through an aperture formed at the back of the pan above the valve,as
seen at 6; c is the service valve that acts within the fan of the closet pan by
leverage from the axis d to the stem e; f is the double trap; g is the door
that covers the one connected with the sewage tank, which is only opened
when the closet is used. The tanks have a small portion divided off by the
perforated division g,which seperates the liquid from the solid portion of the
sewage, and then passes through the perforated plate h on to the second tank.
The purely waste water that passes through the second trap may run into the
dran to be directed to the second tank filled with deodorising filtering matter,
by which the sewage water from the first tank is purified. The tanks are
connected to the traps by india-rubber or other flexible tubing to facilitate
their removal without tainting the atmosphere.
Figure 4 is another description of closet pan, with elbow pipe attached to
the outlet by an expanding joint, which allows the apex of the elbow to be so
lowered as to empty the contents of the pan. The valves are worked in the
usual manner by levers and weights when pulling the handle of the closet.
Figure 5 shews the pan adapted to commodes or invalede chairs with an
expanding vessela underneath the seat or any part of the chair for containing
water to flush the pan by acting upon the expanding vessel by the levers b, b,
and the water being forced out will flush and clense the pan and conduct the
contents into the small tank beneath the pan.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself
to the precise details and arrangements of of the parts herein described, and
I make no claim to the mechanical parts seperately; but what I claim is,
First, the combination of the several parts of the brick machine or other
suitable arrangements for producing the effect aimed at, by which the blocks
of clay are formed, severed, and turned from side to side, and sanded, and
conveyed and guided to the moulding machine, by which they are delivered
on pallet boards in well-formed brecks; also the mode of forming drain pipes,
&c., as described.
Second, the new description of closet pans and valves, and the commode
with expanding water-tite for clensing out the pans; also the double trap
and combined portable sewage tanks for seperating the solid from the

page_text: liquid portion of the sewage, and filtering and purifying the same, as herein
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Jones, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
Witness,
WILLIAM BERTRAM.
EDWARD JONES. (L.B.)