AN IMPROVED CHIMNEY COWL
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to. Henry Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughts-
man, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED CHIMNEY COWL."A com-
munication from abroad by Victor Etienne Antoine Berne and Irma
Victorine Carabin, of Boulevard Beaumarchais, Paris, in the Empire of
France.
Sealed the 24th April 1866, and dated the 28th November 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 28th November 1865.
I, HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CHIMNEY COWL,"
to be as follows:-
Many experiments have been made, but without success, to obviate the
inconveniences attendant upon the use of revolving cowls. These apparatus
after a certain time become useless from many causes, and amongst others
from the accumulation of dirt between the rubbing surfaces, which prevents
the apparatus from revolving. These moveable cowls also but imperfectly
fulfil the different functions for which they are intended, and are very costly.
The object of this Invention is to construct a very simple apparatus at
moderate cost, and which will increase the drawing powers of the chimney.
The apparatus is also constructed in such a manner that it can easily be
swept.

page_text: The Invention consists in the application to the chimney pot above the roof
of three or more ventilators. These ventilators are of a conical form, and
are fitted to the central tube or pot of the chimney in an inverted position at
an angle to the axis of the central tube or pot. The orifices of the ventilators
are tangential to each other, so as to allow the air to pass in at one and
escape easily from the others. By this arrangement the drawing powers of the
chimney are invariably maintained, whatever be the direction and intensity of
the currents of air that act on the chimney top.
Numerous experiments have been made under the most unfavourable
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 28th May 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Henry Edward Newton, Her special licence that I, the said Henry
Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Henry Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "AN IMPROVED CHIMNEY COWL," being a communication
from abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry
Edward Newton, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE; that I, the said Henry Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is

page_text: to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
Many unsuccessful attempts have been made to obviate the inconveniences
attendant upon the use of revolving cowls which are placed upon chimneys to
prevent downward currents or the smoke from returning into the apartment
when there is more wind than usual. The apparatus hitherto employed for
this purpose (after a certain time) becomes useless from many causes, and
amongst others from the accumulation of dirt between the rubbing surfaces,
which prevents the apparatus from revolving. These moveable cowls also but
imperfectly fulfil the different functions for which they are intended, and are
very costly. After numerous trials a very simple apparatus bas been con-
structed at a moderate cost, and which will increase the draught of the
chimney. The apparatus is also constructed in such a manner that it can
easily be swept and kept clean.
The Invention consists in the application to the chimney pot of three
ventilators. These ventilators are of a conical form and are fitted to the
central tube or pot of the chimney in an inverted position at an angle to the
axis of the central tube, and are calculated to invariably maintain the draught
of the chimney, whatever may be the intensity or direction of the currents of
air that. act on the chimney top. The arrangement of the orifices of the
ventilators is tangential to each other, so as to allow the air to pass in at one
and escape easily from the others, so as to increase greatly the draught of the
chimney.
In the accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1 represents an internal elevation of
the apparatus; Fig. 2 is a vertical section in the line A, B, of Fig. 3, which
is a plan view of the apparatus; and Fig. 4 is a horizontal section in the
line C, D, of Fig. 2.
.
A is a pipe intended to replace the ordinary chimney pot and to receive
a vertical tube B, which is slightly conical, and carries at its upper part
three conical ventilators or syphons C', C3, C³, intended to deflect the currents
of air in a direction favorable to the draught of the chimney, the whole
is covered by a cap H of a suitable form and size. The diameter of the
base of the tube B being known the other dimensions are of the following
relative proportions, thus, the diameter at the top of the tube B should equal
two-thirds of the diameter of the base. The diameter at the orifices of the
conical ventilators or syphons should equal half the diameter of the top of
the principal tube increased by 0.01. The larger diameter of the conical
ventilators or syphons is determined by the condition that they may be

page_text: tangential the one to the other, but the vertical axis ought to be three times
the size of the lower orifices. The length of the ventilators should be one-
third of the total height of the principal tube B, and the height of the
supports E for the cap H should be equal to two-thirds of the top diameter of
the principal tube. The diameter of the cap is equal to the diameter at the
base of the central tube increased by one-fifth of that diameter. The angle
the upper edge of the ventilator makes with the central tube is one hundred
and fifty degrees, and the angle for the orifice of the syphon is seventy-five
degrees with the upper side of the ventilator. Care must be taken to fix to
the lower part of the ventilators (at the point of intersection of the ventilator
with the principal tube) a tongue-piece to facilitate the exit of the smoke.
It may be remarked that where the diameter of the chimney should be less
than that of a ventilator necessary to obtain a good draught, the collar A can
be replaced by a conical lengthening pipe so as to compensate for the
difference in the diameter. The apparatus thus arranged being sheltered from
the disturbing action of the wind can be employed for all kinds of chimnies
either in town or country. The apparatus can also be advantageously
employed for the ventilation of concert rooms, theatres, schools, prisons, and
barracks through an ascending current in the ventilators caused by the action
of the wind. It is preferred to construct the apparatus of zinc as it is easier
to work and lasts longer, and also is not so liable to oxidize as sheet iron, but
galvanized iron may be also employed.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into effect as communicated to me by my foreign corres-
pondent, I claim the exclusive use of the apparatus herein described, and
which the Inventor denominates trisiphon, and also the mode of constructing
.the same; and further, I claim its application to the various purposes for
which it may be useful and suitable as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Twenty-eighth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
Witness,
H. K. WHITE,
66, Chancery Lane.
H. E. NEWTON. (L.s.)