MACHINERY TO COMMUNICATE MOTION AND POWER TO VARIOUS OTHER MACHINERY WHICH REQUIRES RECIPROCATING OR ALTERNATING MOTION
Year: 1818

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, ROBERT
WINCH, of Shoe Lane, in the Parish of St. Andrews, Holborn, in the City
of London, Printers' Carpenter, and Press Maker, and RICHARD HOLDEN, of
Stafford. Street, Saint Mary-le-bone, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Eighteenth day of June,
in the fifty-eighth year of His reign, did give and grant unto us, the said
Robert Winch and Richard Holden, our exors, adññiors, and assigns, His
especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that we, the said
Robert Winch and Richard Holden, our exors, adiñors, and assigns, during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend our "MACHINERY TO COMMUNICATE MOTION AND POWER TO
VARIOUS OTHER MACHINERY WHICH REQUIRES RECIPROCATING OR ALTERNATING MOTION"
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also
in all His Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, in such manner as to
us, the said Robert Winch and Richard Holden, our exors, admors, and assigns,
should in our discretion seem meet; in which said Letters Patent is contained
a proviso that if wc, the said Robert Winch and Richard Holden, or one of
us, should not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of our said
Invention, and in what way or manner the same is to be performed and
carried into effect, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals,

page_text: or under the hand and seal of one of us, and cause the same to be inrolled in
His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within four calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, that then the said
Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby granted,
should utterly cease, determine, and become void, as in and by the said recited
Letters Patent, relation being thereunto had, may more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Robert Winch and Richard Holden, do hereby declare that our said Invention
and machinery consists in the application of inclined planes formed by grooves
cut into or projections from the surface of certain cylinders, drums, or wheels,
which either turn round for the purpose of producing an alternating motion
in any beam, lever, or part of a machine which requires such motion, or else
remain stationary while the part of the machine which is to be so moved
revolves round them, such moving part of the machine being connected
with such grooves or inclined planes by means of rollers or friction wheels,
as will be more evident on inspecting the annexed Drawing, Fig. 1, which
represents one of the many modifications of construction which our said Inven-
tion admits of.
It is needless to observe that the power of wind, water, steam, animal
strength, or any other motive force, may be applied to our Invention, but in
this Figure motion is supposed to be produced by the strength of man applied
to the crank or winch G. I, I, is a heavy fly which fixed upon one of its ends
to assist its motion; on the opposite end the bevil cogged wheel F may be
hung and its gudgeon supported in a plummer block screwed to the cross piece
V of the framework; the fly wheel and other end of the crank may be sup-
ported on a standard, as at S, or in any other convenient way. The wheel F
may work into another bevil wheel E, hung upon the vertical shaft H, which
carries the spur wheel D, acting into the larger spur wheel C, fixed upon the
vertical shaft B, B, the lower end of which runs in a step or box e, fixed to the
foundation plate R, R, while its gudgeon turns in the bearing b, in the top or
'cross piece o, o, of the framework.
By the foregoing or any other means well known to mechanics, and according
to the speed required, a rototory motion may be communicated to the spindle
or shaft B, B, which may also be placed in an inclined or horozontal
position, should its connection with the other parts of the machinery under
such position desirable. About the middle of the spindle or shaft B, B,
is fixed the cylinder or drum A, formed of hard wood or metal, and
truly centered upon B, B, and on the surface of this cylinder is formed the

page_text: groove or grooves or inclined planes before mentioned, either by excavating or
cutting them out below the surface of the cylinder, or by bolting, screwing, or
otherwise affixing bars or plates of metal or hard substance to the cylinder, as
indicated in the Figure at a, a, a, or by both the aforesaid processes used
together. Into the grooves so formed, or above and below the inclined planes,
small metal rollers or friction wheels are introduced, the gudgeons or axes of which
project from and are attached to a metal or other sufficiently strong frame
K, K, as at r, r. Now, supposing that A is made to revolve round upon its
axis B, B, while K, K, is only capable of moving upwards and downwards, it
is evident that by the action of the grooves or inclined planes a, a, a, upon the
rollers r, r, if formed and disposed as in the Figure, that while A turns once
round, the frame K, K, will be twice elevated and twice depressed; and in
order the better to regulate and guide its motions the upper and lower parts of
this frame are equipped with cylindrical holes or collars, (bushed with brass or
not), as at a and c, and these ride or move upon the upper and lower parts of
the shaft or spindle B, B, which for this purpose are turned truly cylindrical,
and in this or any other manner the true perpendicular motion of K, K, may
be guided or regulated, while it is prevented from turning by the rollers g, g,
two on each side, which are supported on arms projecting inwards from the
cross bars N, N, one of which is placed on each side of the machine through
the one nearest, the eye in the Figure as also the nearest standard W, is taken
away in order the better to shew the form of the cylinder A, and the cog
wheels. An alternating perpendicular motion being thus given by the revolu-
tion of A to the frame K, this motion may be readily communicated to any
machinery; thus by the links L and M it may be connected to a beam P,
turning on a fulcrum at p, and made to move a pump or connecting rod,
either at X or on any other part of the beam, or L may immediately communicate
with the machinery without the intervention of a beam at all, according to the
convenience and requisites of the situation.
Fig. 2 is an edge view of the roller frame K, K, in Fig. 1, for the
purpose of shewing the rollers g, g, and the manner in which they are affixed
to the side beams N, N, to prevent K, K, from turning; L shews the opening
which is made in this link to allow the fixed rail o, o, of the framework to pass
through it to support the upper end of the drum shaft B, B, at b, without
interrupting the reciprocabing motion of the frame. The letters in Fig. 2
refer to the same parts as those in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 shews another form or modification of our machinery, in which the
same letters of reference are used as far as the same parts (though differently
disposed) occur in the construction. G is a part of the crank or winch to which

page_text: the moving force is to be applied; this turns the bevil wheel F, acting at once
into the large bevil which C, fixed upon the vertical shaft or spindle B, the
bottom of which turns in the box, e. A is the cylinder or drum firmly fixed
upon B, and having the obliquely winding groove a, a, cut beneath its surface,
or formed by plates as in Fig. 1. K, K, K, is the sliding frame moving
upwards and downwards, and guided and made steady in its motion by the rollers
9, 9, 9, 9, as well as by a cross piece z, which slides up and down upon the pro-
longed cylindrical continuation of B, seen at Y. ", ", are the pins or rollers
moving in the groove a, a, to move the frame. The upper part of the inner
cheeks of the frame K, K, K, are equipped with moveable pauls or ratchet
teeth placed in opposite directions, as at 1, a 2; these take into the teeth of
the ratchet wheel W, placed on the shaft or axis of the fly wheel I, I; consc-
quently as the frame K, K, is moved upwards by the revolution of A, the teeth
a 2 will take into the teeth of W, and drive it round, while the teeth a 1 will
shut up and pass the wheel without effect; as the frame descends the contrary
effect will occur, for now the teeth x 1 will act upon the wheel while a 2 will
pass it.
In the formation of the grooves or inclined planes round the cylinder or
drum, it is scarcely necessary to observe that although their operation depends
on the principles of the screw, yet they must not be formed in the manner of
a screw, but they must be perpetual or run into cach other, while the power of
the machine will depend upon the angle which the groove or inclined plane
makes with the plane of its motion. The groove or inclined may also make a
single or any number of incurvations in its passage round the cylinder, so as to
cause the beam or machinery connected with our Invention to make but one
or any given number of strokes or alternations, while the cylinder makes a
single revolution.
Fig. 4 is another modification or construction of our aforesaid machinery for
producing alternating motion, in which the grooves or inclined planes instead of
being permanently fixed, as in the last cases, are moveable, and change their
situations with the motion of the machine. a, b, is a beam similar to those used
in the construction of steam engines, and of dimensions and strength propor-
tionate to the work it may have to perform. This beam turns on a fulcrum or
main gudgeon c, which must extend out on either side of the beam as far as
the edge of the circular plate d, e, which is firmly fixed to the top of the beam.
The two ends of the gudgeons c must be supported in proper plummer blocks or
carriages of such height that at the same time that they will permit the beam
to vibrate their tops may also support the under side of the plate d, e, on a
rounding or kind of knife edge, which will not prevent the canting motion of

page_text: this plate. f, g, is a fixed spindle passing through the plate d, e, and also
through the centre of the beam (which, for this purpose, must have a long hole
in it, or may be made in two cheeks, as in the Figure), so that it may be firmly
fixed to the foundation plate l as well as to the top framing i, i. That part of
the spindle which is above g is truly turned to a cylindrical form, and upon this
a cog or band wheel k turns in such manner that at the same time that it revolves
it may move up and down upon f, and in order the better to steady its motions
the center of this wheel is formed into a long boss, which is bored to fit the
cylinder very truly, and may be bushed with brass. To this wheel & the first
moving power is to be applied, either by a long trundle or pinion l, or by a
strap or band, or any other means of communicating motion; but as the wheel
k moves upwards and downwards while revolving, if a pinion is used it must be
of sufficient length to engage with the teeth of k, in every possible situation in
which it can be placed. On the under side of the wheel k, a small wheel or
friction roller m is placed with its axis pointing to the center of 9, and as k
revolves this wheel m will of course run round upon the flat upper surface of
the plate d, e, and near its edge. In small machines the upper surface of the
wheel is to be equally laden with sufficient weights to overcome the resistance
or work to be performed, and to produce the alternating motion in the beam
which will be brought about by the revolution of the wheel k, for being loaded its
is evident that when its roller m is in the situation e, it will depress that side of
the plate d, c, and with it the end 6 of the beam, and the wheel k will be in its
lowest position upon f; but supposing k to be in motion, the roller m will have
to run up the inclined plate d, e, until it gets over one of the two gudgeons c.
The wheel will all this time rise upon f, but as soon as mɩ has passed c, then
the weight of k will operate upon the opposite side d, of the plate d, e, and con-
sequently will depress the end a of the beam, and k will again descend, thus
producing an alternating motion in the beam a, b, as long as the circular mo-
tion of k is maintained.
The above description will serve to give a general idea of the operation of
this machine; but as it would be impossible to introduce sufficient weight upon
the wheel k to operate in a large machine and produce great effects, we propose
placing the weights in some exterior part of the machine, as at n, n, and
causing them to act upon the wheel & by levers with friction wheels upon then,
as at o, o, the fulcra of such levers being supported by the standards p, p, of
the machine, or in any other convenient manner. And as the pressing opera-
tion of the wheel k only takes place at m, by which it would be thrown out of
the level, and create much detrimental friction on its center at f, we find it
necessary to introduce the superior or upper friction roller q, placed in a carriage

page_text: I
or bearing rising from the top of the wheel k, and exactly opposite to m. This
upper roller revolves upon the upper smooth surface of the plate r, s, which
is of dimensions similar to the lower plate d, e. It has a hole in its center for
f, g, to pass through, and is hung by carriages upon a center rod t, t, passing
through or attached tof in such manner that it can move in a parallel direction
with d, e. This upper plate is attached at the two opposite points r, s, to the two
ropes, chains, or rods v, v, the upper ends of which are attached to the ends of
the two equal levers u, u, turning on cenlers w, w, and the opposite ends of
these levers are also attached by the ropes, chains, or rods a, a, to two points
in the beam a, b, which are equally distant from its center c; and the plates d, e,
and r, s, are so adjusted by v, v, and x, x, that when the beam a, b, is in an hori-
zontal position they shall also be horizontal and parallel to each other, the conse-
quence of which is, that from the changes of position which take place in the plates
d, e, and r, s, with the varying position of the beam, the rollers m and y will
be so acted upon as to produce an equal pressure on the two opposite sides of
the wheel k, and cause it to preserve its horizontal position without strain.
For the sake of simplicity we have described the upper surfaces of the
plates, r, s, and d, e, as being quite flat, which will answer the purpose,
but some advantage will arise from giving them such a curvature as
will cause
m to act with its greatest effect when farthest from the
gudgeons c, and may diminish the inclined plane which m has to run up;
indeed, by giving a sufficient degree of curvature to them in proper places, three
wheels like m may be placed at equal distances under k and used at once,
instead of one, and in this case the power of the machine may be prevented
from commencing till the wheels have passed some distance from center gudgeon
c, which will improve its action. It also evident that the wheels or rollers
m and q may act in grooves on the edges of the plates d, c, and r, s, instead of
upon their surfaces, and that as the machine may be applied to many varying
purposes it is impossible to assign particular dimensions to it, as these must
depend upon the power and velocity required; but we advise that the plates
d, e, and r, s, should be made of as large a diameter as the situation where the
machine is placed will allow. The materials may also be cast or wrought
iron, or such metals or timber as powerful machinery is generally constructed
with.
In witness whercof, I, the said Richard Holden, party hereto, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Seventeenth day of October, in
J
T
AL
RICHARD (L.S.) HOLDEN.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Seventeenth day of October, in
the year of our Lord 1818, the aforesaid Richard Holden came before our
said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Seventeenth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighteen.