IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR LOCOMOTION APPLICABLE TO CABS, CARRIAGES, AND OTHER LIGHT OR HEAVY VEHICLES, ALSO TO TRAM Cars and RAILWAY PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Isaacks Sands, of 11, Larkhall Lane,
Clapham, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR LOCOMOTION APPLICABLE TO CABS,
CARRIAGES, AND OTHER LIGHT OR HEAVY VEHICLES, ALSO TO TRAM Cars and
RAILWAY PURPOSES:"
Sealed the 16th October 1874, and dated the 12th May 1874.
י
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Isaacks Sands
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th May 1874.
I, JAMES ISAACKS SANDS, of 11, Larkhall Lane, Clapham, in the
County of Surry, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR LOCOMOTION APPLICABLE
TO CABS, CARRIAGES, AND OTHER LIGHT OR HEAVY VEHICLES, ALSO TO TRAM CARS
AND RAILWAY PURPOSES," to be as follows:
-
This Invention relates to improvements in the means of and apparatus
for locomotion applicable to cabs, carriages, and other light or heavy.
vehicles, also to tram cars, and railway purposes, to be as follows:—
The feature of novelty of my Invention is that the wheels or sub-
stitutes have no fixed centre, but are fixed to the body of the carriage

page_text: or frame by pulleys which are made with flanged rims secured by
bosses or axles to the side of carriage or frame, and thus rotate with
them.
When my Invention is applied to cabs or carriages for the conveyance
of passengers or other work, the body of the carriage becomes the frame-
work to which the two side wheels or friction pulleys are fixed; theso
pulleys may be placed so as to supercede driving wheels, and are securely
fixed and bolted to the side of carriage or framework, as also the axle-
tree which carries the two driving wheels which are keyed on to the
axle so as to-revolve with the axle in a perfect plane of its revolution ;
and further, to facilitate the turning of the carriage a division axle is
invented and applied. To further this object the two heads of the
division axle are enclosed in an iron box and bolted firmly together;
and further, to insure its perfect action a friction plate of brass or other
metal is placed between the two heads, and a steel pin is inserted in
the heads of the axle so as to prevent any end play, and to secure the
axle in a perfect line. This axle is also applicable to tram cars, and to
t
railway purposes as a means of safety in travelling round curves.
i
When applied to tram cars the work would be wrought to the required
strength, and friction pulleys may be used, as in Figure 4.
When applied to railways the box and all its bearings would be
obliged to be strengthened, and great care used in the selection of the
metal or metals to be used in its manufacture; but the wheels being
by this means enabled to revolve quite independent of each other would
much reduce the strain and friction on wheels' axles, and the metals on
which the carriage travels.
When applied to heavy carriage for luggage the large wheels or
substitutes, as also the pulleys, Figure 4, may supercede driving wheels;
axle and framework are made to a corresponding strength to meet all
the requirements.
:
Having thus far described the said Invention or Inventions, moro
particularly as regards the nature thereof, which is herein-before par-
ticularly described and ascertained, I will now refer to the accompanying
Drawings so as, with the aid of the foregoing statements, to particularly
describe and ascertain in what manner the said Invention or Inventions
are to be performed and carried out in practice; but in all such cases the
principle of the Inventions, as above described, is strictly adhered to.

page_text: Figure 1 in said Drawings is a side view of a carriage with my Inven
tions applied thereto.
:
Figure 2 is the large wheel or substitute, and is made to any required
height or strength.
Figure 3, the division axle (not shown).
Figure 4, side pulleys, as described. ..
Figure 5, the bearing wheel or driver which is made with a double
flange, aided by Figure 4, which secures the large wheel substitutes and
runs perfectly free with them.
Figure 6; spiral springs.
One set of appliances only are seen in the Drawings, but it will be
obvious to all practical men that the same arrangement of mechanism
is fitted to each side of the carriage, and thus complete the working
parts of cach carriage.
5 SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Isaacks Sands in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 12th November 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
ISAACKS SANDS, of 11, Larkhall Lane, Clapham, in. the County of Surrey,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said James Isaacks Sands, Her
special licence that I, the said James Isaacks Sands, my executors, ad-
ministrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Isaacks
Sands, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
'

page_text: and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR LOCOMOTION, APPLICABLE
TO CABS, CARRIAGES, AND OTHER LIGHT OR HEAVY VEHICLES, ALSO TO TRAM
CARS, AND RAILWAY PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said James Isaacks Sands, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
_cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Isaacks Sands, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings, that is
to say :-
This Invention relates to improvements in the means of and apparatus
for locomotion applicable to cabs, carriages, and other light or heavy
vehicles, also to tram cars and railway purposes.
The feature of novelty of my Invention is that the wheels or sub-
stitutes have no fixed centre, but are secured to the body of the carriage
frame or pertch' by pullies or guides with (rotary bands) made with
flanged rims, and work on bosses or axles secured to the body of the
carriage or frame; the wheels by this means are kept perfectly upright
and rotate with them.
When my Invention is applied to cabs or carriages for the conveyance
of passengers or other work, the body of the carriage becomes the frame-
work to which the two side wheels or friction pullies are securely fixed;
these pullies may be placed so as to supercede driving wheels, and are
bolted to the side of carriage, or framework, or perch made independent
of body, as also the axletree which carries the two driving wheels which
are keyed on to the axle or not so as to revolve with the axle in a perfect
plan of its revolution, and further to facilitate the turning of the carriage
a division axle is invented and applied; to further this object the two
heads of the division axle are inclosed in an iron box and bolted
firmly together; and further, to insure its perfect action a friction plate of
brass or other metal is placed between the two heads, and a steel pin

page_text: is inserted in the heads of the axle so as to prevent any end play, and
to secure the axle in a perfect line. This axle is also applicable to
tram cars, and to railway purposes as a means of safety in travelling
round curves.
When applied to tram cars the work would be wrought to the required
strength, and friction pullies may be used, as in Figure 4.
1 When applied to railways the box and all its bearings would bo
obliged to be strengthened and great care used in the selection of the
metal or metals to be used in its manufacture; but the wheels being
by this means enabled to revolve quite independent of each other would
much reduce the strain and friction on carriage wheels' axles, and the
metals on which the carriage travels.
;
When applied to heavy carriages for luggage the large wheels or
substitutes, as also the pullies, Fig. 4, may supercede driving wheels
;
the axle and framework are made to a corresponding strength to meet
all the requirements.
こ I will now refer to the accompanying Drawings so as, with the aid
of the foregoing statements, to particularly describe and ascertain in
what manner the said Invention or Inventions are to be performed and
carried out in practice; but in all such cases the principles of the In-
ventions, as above described, is strictly adhered to.
Figure 1 in said Drawings is a side view of a carriage with my Inven-
tions applied thereto. . a, a, a, a, is the large wheel or substitute, and
is made to any required height or strength; b, b, spiral springs working
in conjunction with plate spring c.
Though I have here shown a spiral spring and plate spring I may
in some cases use the well-known " C" spring or other springs, as
circumstances may require.
Fig. 2 shows a cab with the "C" spring applied thereto.
Fig. 3, the division axle.
Fig. 4, side pullies or guides with rotary bands, as described.
.
Fig. 5, the bearing wheel or driver which is made with a double
flange, aided by the pullies, Fig. 4, which secures the large wheel sub-
stitutes and runs perfectly free with them.

page_text: One set of appliances only are seen in the Drawings, but it will be
obvious to all practical men that the same arrangement of mechanism
is fitted to each side of the carriage, and thus complete the working
parts of each carriage, and further to facilitate the turning of the
carriage. The division axle, Fig. 3, is applied to further this object.
The two heads of the division axle are enclosed in an iron box and
bolted firmly together, and to ensure its perfect action a friction plate
of brass or other metal is placed between the two heads, and a steel
pin is inserted into the two heads of the axle so as to prevent any end
play, and to secure the axle in a perfect line as aforesaid. This axle is
also applicable to tram cars, and to railway purposes as a means of
safety in travelling round curves, as before described.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, I declare
that what I claim and desire to be secured to me by the herein-before
in part recited Letters Patent is, the general mechanical arrangements
forming my improvements, applicable to cabs, carriages, and other
vehicles, also applicable to tram cars and railway purposes, substantially
as herein-before described and illustrated on Drawings, or any mere
modification thereof.
.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Isaacks Sands, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of November,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-four.