Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 18th June, 1896"
Complete Specification Left, 9th Mar., 1897-Accepted, 17th Apr., 1897
I, CHARLES JOSEPH STANILAND, of 13 The Drive, Chingford, in the County
of Essex, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to pneumatic tyres for velocipedes and other road vehicles
and has for its objects improvements by means of which collapse of the tyres is
prevented in the event of their being punctured, by which they are rendered less:
liable to be punctured, and by which they are fastened to the rims of the wheels in
a manner ensuring great security and lightness.
In order to prevent collapse of the tyre when punctured or ruptured I construct
the tyre of two inflatable elastic tubes one within the other, and each separately
inflatable. The inner tube is of smaller diameter than the outer so that there is an
annular air space included between them except at the side nearest the rim where
the tubes are in contact or are joined and where a seat on the outer tube may be
formed for maintaining the inner tube in a central position.
The outer tube is provided on its interior at the tread with longitudinal or
lateral ribs or bosses or studs or other projections which project radially inwards
so as to touch, or nearly touch, the inner tube. In the event of the outer tube.
being punctured, the periphery of the inner tube rests on the said ribs so that the
efficiency of the tyre as a whole remains unimpaired, and the repair of the outer
tube may be deferred until a convenient time..
In order to render the outer tube: less liable to be punctured. or ruptured, I'
encircle it at the tread with a strip or strips of thin steel. or other metal, or of fine-
wire gauze, or wires, and over such protector I place the strip of elastic or other
suitable material forming. the actual tread of the tyre.
The latter strip is:
preferably wider than the protective metal strip or wire gauze so that its edges.
may be solutioned or cemented to the outer tube and so enclose the metal strip or
gauze and retain it in place. In lieu of the above construction I sometimes.
provide an india rubber cover in which is embedded. in manufacture a steel or
other metal strip or strips or gauze or wires. A sharp object penetrating, the strip
forming the tread is prevented by the metal strip or gauze, from puncturing the
outer tube except in extreme cases, then the weight is carried by, the inner tube as
before explained.
In order to attach the tyre securely to the rim it is provided at its exterior
smaller diameter with a rib extending inwardly toward the axis. The rim is
provided with a corresponding, radial recess adapted to receive the said rib, and
both the rib and the walls of the recess are pierced to admit. the insertion of bolts
which are secured in place by nuts at their extremities. The bolts may be curved
so that when the nuts are screwed inwardly thereon against the exterior walls of
the recess the bolts will tend to resume their straight form and so draw the aforesaid
rib into intimate contact with the rim...
For inflating both the inner and the outer tube simultaneously, I may use an air
conduit or tube adapted to communicate with both and fitted with two inlet valves
one opening into the inuer tube and the other opening into the outer tube,, both
valves operating to prevent the escape of air from the tubes. In some instances
I inflate each tube through a separate conduit or tube in the manner adopted in

page_text: ordinary tyres. The conduit communicating with the inner tube being hermetically
connected to the outer tube where it passes through the latter.
Dated this 18th day of June 1896.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres.
1, CHARLES JOSEPH STANILAND, of 13, The Drive, Chingford, in the County
of Essex, Artist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to pneumatic tyres for velocipedes and other road vehicles,
and is designed to prevent collapse of the tyres in the event of their being punctured,
and to provide for fastening them to the rims of the wheels in a manner ensuring
great security.
One feature of the said invention is that the pneumatic tyre has two tubes
arranged one within the other and in contact along the side nearest the rim of
the wheel so that in the event of the outer air tube being punctured the inner tube
will still serve to support the tyre.
Another feature of the invention consists in providing the tyre with a rib adapted
to enter a recess or groove in the rim of the wheel and to be held therein by bolts
passing through the walls of the said recess or groove.
The invention also comprises means for inflating both the air tubes separately or
simultaneously.
In order that the invention may be readily understood we will proceed to describe
the same by reference to the accompanying drawings in which :-
Figure 1 is a perspective view, partly in section of a portion of one form of my
improved pneumatic tyre showing the same in position on the wheel rim.
Figurés 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are transverse sections of other forms of tyre constructed
according to this invention the form shown in Figure 4 corresponding to that
shown in Figure 1.
Figures 7, 8 and 9 are detail views hereinafter referred to, illustrating the means
for attaching the tyre to the rim of the wheel.
Figures 10 and 11 illustrate the means for inflating the air tubes.
Figure 12 shows a portion of the tyre cover removed.
a, b, are the two tubes of the tyre, which are elastic and are arranged one within
the other, being each separately inflatable. The inner tube b is of smaller diameter
than the outer tube a and the arrangement is such that there is a crescent-shaped
air space included between them, this space being widest towards the tread of the
tyre and disappearing at the side nearest the rim where the tubes are in actual
contact or are joined together as shown at c..
The outer tube a is provided on its interior at the tread with one or more
longitudinal ribs a¹ projecting radially inwards so as to touch or nearly touch the
inner tube. In the event of the outer tube being punctured, the inner tube expands
till its periphery and the said rib or ribs a¹ come into contact whereby the
efficiency of the tyre is maintained and the repair of the outer tube may be deferred
until a convenient time. In some cases the inner tube is also provided with a
longitudinal rib or ribs as shown at b' so that an interlocking of the rib or ribs ¹
with the rib or ribs a¹ will take place in the event of the outer tube becoming
punctured and thereby prevent lateral movement of the tubes relatively to each
other.
1

page_text: d is the outer cover of the tyre and e is the rib whereby the tyre is secured to
the rim f of the wheel, the said rib being, in cases where a cover is employed,.
formed by the bringing together of two similar and equal enlargements one on each.
edge of the tyre cover as seen at e', Figure 12. This rib extends inwardly towards
the centre of the wheel and enters a corresponding radial recess or groove f
The enlargements el forming the rib are pierced at one or more points around the
tyre as at (Figure 12) so that when brought together to form the rib a passage
is also formed for a corresponding bolt g which serves to secure the tyre in place.
Each bolt has a head at one extremity and a screw-threaded portion at the other
adapted to receive a nut gl shown in section in Figure 9. The bolts may advan-
tageously be curved as shown so that they will tend to assume a straight form and
so draw the aforesaid rib into intimate contact with the rim when the nuts are
screwed up against the latter. For inflating both the tubes a and b simultaneously
1 may employ an air conduit or tube adapted to communicate with both of them.
and fitted with two air valves one opening into the inner tube and the other
opening into the outer tube. I prefer however to inflate each of them through a
separate tube, or nozzle these tubes being indicated at 4 and A. The tube
communicates with the inner air tube in the ordinary manner, and is hermetically
connected to the outer tube where it passes through the same. In the wall of
the inner tube 6 may advantageously be formed a short segmental channel or
indentation to receive the inner curved portion of the air tube or nozzle 4 which
serves for inflating the outer tube a. This recess may however be dispensed with
and the tube or nozzle & be simply inserted between the adjacent portions of the
air-tubes a and b. The tubes A'A are advantageously flattened or of rectangular-
form in cross section and the parts which form the rib e are provided with
recesses (Figure 12) which when placed together form apertures or passages for
the said tubes.
The tyre shown in section in Figure 2 is adapted for racing purposes, and is.
unprovided with a cover. In this case the outer tube is provided with two internal.
ribs a'.
The tyre shown in Figure 3 is also a racing tyre but in this case the internal
ribs are formed both on the outer and inner tubes as shown at a' b', as is also the-
case in the tyres shown in Figures 4, 5 and 6. Figure 5 also shews a racing tyre
having a rib e formed directly on the outer tube for connecting it to the rim of the
wheel by means of bolts. Obviously instead of longitudinal ribs such as a' b', the
tubes of the tyre may be provided with bosses studs or other projections extending
from the tube on which they are formed towards the other tube. The joining of
the inner tube and the outer tube at the part c adjacent to the rim is, in the
arrangements shown in Figures 2 and 3 effected by causing their adjacent edges to
overlap, so that the edges of the inner and outer tubes alternate with each other at
the part c
In some cases the inner one of the two tubes forming the tyre instead of being
inflated may have its walls of sufficient thickness to act as a cushion or support to
the outer tube in the event of puncture thereof.
Such an arrangement as this is shown in Figure 6 wherein 6* is an inner tube
designed to act as a cushion in the manner referred to, the outer tube a, or rather
the space between the two tubes, only being inflated.
The forms of tyre cover shown in Figures 1, 4 and 12, have their outer surfaces
or treads grooved or scored longitudinally for the purpose of preventing side slip,.
but this forms no part of my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven--
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A pneumatic tyre consisting of two tubes arranged one within the other,.
substantially as described and for the purposes set forth.
2. In a pneumatic tyre having two tubes arranged one within the other, the

page_text: formation of one or both of the said tubes with internal ribs, substantially as
described and for the purpose specified.
3. A pneumatic tyre provided with a rib adapted to enter a recess or groove
in the rim of the wheel and to be held therein by transverse bolts, substantially as
described.
4. The combination with a pneumatic tyre consisting of two tubes arranged one
within the other; of an arrangement for inflating both tubes either simultaneously
or separately substantially as described with refereu o Figure 1 or to Figures 10
and 11 of the accompanying drawings..
5. My improved pneumatic tyre comprisi, an inner and outer air tube, and a
cover whose edges when brought together fem a rib adapted to enter a groove in
the wheel rim, substantially as and for the rposes described.
6. The combination with the tyre of cur d spring bolts which when their nuts
are screwed up tend to straighten and secure the tyre to the rim.
7. My improvements in pneumatic tyres substantially as hereinbefore described
with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 9th day of March 1897.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.