Improvements in Gas or Petroleum Engines.
Year: 1896

page_text: Improvements in Gas or Petroleum Engines.
I, HENRI AUDIN, of 21 Rue Morand, Paris, in the Republic of France, Mechanician,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in gas or petroleum engines and consists
essentially of a valve operating mechanism without toothed gear wheels, by which
mechanism the principal shaft may be made to turn indifferently in the one direction
or the other, according to the direction of rotation given to the fly wheel at the time
of starting the engine.
This motor is of the four period kind, that is to say it completes its cycle in two
revolutions, with one or two cylinders arranged in a rectangular chamber which is
cast with them and may be closed on the top by a cover.
The chamber serves as
casing for the circulation of the water for cooling the cylinders.
The machine can be fixed by the bottom of the chamber and by a ground plate
without the assistance of a framing.
In the front is a semicylindrical trough closed by a cover constituting with it a
chamber in which move the connecting rods and cranks lubricating themselves in the
oil spread for this purpose on the bottom of the trough.
The crank shaft carries at one of its extremities a fly wheel and on the other two-
excentrics, the centres of which are diametrically oppositely placed with regard to the
axis of the crank shaft. Each excentric operates by a rod a lever fitted loosely upon
an axle and carrying a pawl which is impelled by a spring to engage between the
teeth of a ratchet wheel keyed upon the axle..
The pin articulating the rod to the lever may be integral with the former and ends
in a head or button cut in such a manner that when it turns in one direction it pressos
upon the pawl in order to engage it well between the teeth of the ratchet wheel and
when it turns in the other direction allows the pawl to rise under the influence of a
spring and be disengaged from the ratchet wheel.
Upon the axle are keyed three cams of which one operates the expansion valve by
means of a lever and the other cams operate the escape valves by means of other
levers.
Automatic admission valves are also provided.
The motor is started by moving by hand the fly wheel thus revolving the crank
shaft and the excentrics. The rods operate the levers which in their alternative
movement reciprocation operate the pawls and consequently the ratchet wheel, the
axle, and the cams. While one of the excentrics operates to cause the axle to turn
with the cams, the other disengages the corresponding pawl in order to reengage it
with the ratchet wheel as soon as the first pawl moves in the contrary direction;
in this manner the axle turns without interruption in one direction.
At the beginning of the suction period the cam operates the lever which opens
the expansion valve; the explosive mixture is introduced through channels into the
cylinder or cylinders; the admission valves open under the influence only of the
suction of the aspiration produced by the outstroke of the pistons.
Before the end of the suction course the cam leaves the lever free; the expansion
valve closes under the action of a spring and interrupts the entrance of the motive
fluid which then operates by expansion. The cut off can be regulated by the form
of the profile of the can or by its keying on the axle.

page_text: Whichever may be the direction of rotation of the excentrics the rotation of the
axle is made always under the same conditions and consequently the motor can
indifferently turn in one direction or the other according to the direction of the
rotation given to the fly wheel at the time of starting.
Dated this 23rd day of June 1896.
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
18 Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C., Agents for Applicant.
I, HENRI AUDIN, of 21, Rue Morand, Paris in the Republic of France, Mechanician,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to a gas or petroleum engine without special framing, and
having a valve operating mechanism without toothed gear wheels, allowing of the
driving shaft turning indifferently in one direction or the other, according to the
direction of revolution given to the fly wheel at the time of starting.
In the annexed drawing:
Fig. 1 is a view in elevation of an engine with two connected cylinders.
Fig. 2 is a plan view, in projection of Fig. 1 the semi-cylindrical cover a³ being
taken off.
Figs. 3 & 4 are respectively transverse sections on the lines 1-2 and 3-4 of
Fig. 1.
Figs. 5, 6 and 7 are views of details.
The engine shown in the drawing is of the four period kind and with two
cylinders a a arranged in a rectangular chamber a', which is cast with them and may
be closed on the top. by a cover a². The chamber a' serves as a jacket for the
circulation of the water for cooling the cylinders a a, and it can never be in
communication with any other part of the motor, and especially with its cylinders.
The machine can be fixed by the bottom of the chamber a prolonged by a ground
plate a³ without the assistance of a framing.
In the front is a kind of semi cylindrical trough a which can be closed by a
cover a of the same form, and constituting thus a cylindrical chamber, in which move
the connecting rods and cranks lubricating themselves in the oil placed for this
purpose in the bottom of the trough a'. The lateral pieces a¹5 are cast together with
this trough and serve for fixing the engine.
The crank shaft, upon. which are articulated the connecting rods b₁₁ connected
directly with the pistons 2 62, is carried by bearings 363 cast on the lateral faces of
the trough a; it carries at one of its extremities the fly wheel do and at the other end
a double eccentric cc, the centres of which are diametrically oppositely placed with
regard to the axis of the crank shaft. Each eccentric operates by a rod c¹ a lever d
fitted loosely upon an axle d' and carrying a pawl d³ which is impelled by a spring d³
to engage between the teeth of a ratchet wheel keyed upon the axle d (Figs. 1, 2,.
and 5).
The pin articulating the rod c' and the lever d is connected with the former and
ends in a cam or button do cut in the manner shown in Fig. 5 so that when it is
turned in one direction with reference to the crank d by the movement of rod c¹, it
presses upon the pawl d² in order to lock it temporarily between the teeth of
the ratchet wheel and when it is turned in the other direction by the outward
thrust of the rod c¹ it allows the pawl d² to rise and fall under the influence of the

page_text: spring d³ and thus be disengageable from the ratchet wheel to suffer the latter to
travel onwards in its rotation under the pawl.
Upon the axle d' are keyed three cams, of which the one e (Figs. 2 & 7) operates
the expansion valve and the others e¹ el (Figs. 2 and 3) operate the escape valves.
The cam e operates the expansion valve by means of a lever f¹ and the cams e¹ e¹
operate the escape valves gg by means of the levers g'. All these levers are provided
with friction rollers maintained in contact with the cams by the springs and 93
which at the same time have the purpose of bringing the valves back on their seats
when they have been removed therefrom.
The valves fofo serve for the admission of the gas in the cylinders a a; they
communicate above with the valve f by means of a passage f and below with the
cylinders by means of the passages ; the valve is in communication with the
pipe bringing the explosive mixture by means of a passage f.
The escape valves are also in communication with the cylinders aa by means of
the passages and above with the exhaust pipe g by means of the passages g³.
At the end of the passages are arranged the electric igniters hh.
The engine is started by moving by hand the fly wheel d and its general motion
does not differ from that of similar engines; therefore I will only describe the
operation of the new distribution.
The driving shaft operates the eccentrics cc in its revolution and the rods c¹ cl
operate the levers dd which in their turn operate, in their movement of alternate
revolution, the pawls d2 d2 and consequently the ratchet wheel d' the arbor d' and the
cams e ele. When the one of the eccentrics operates for turning the arbor with cams,
the other disengages the corresponding pawl d² in order to engage it in the ratchet
wheel d as soon as the first one operates in a contrary direction; in this way the
arbor d turns without interruption in one direction.
At the beginning of the suction period, the cam e operates the lever f¹ which opens
the valve the explosive mixture is introduced through the passages f² and f³ and
thence to the cylinders a through the passages f; the valves fo open only under the
influence of the suction produced by the pistons 62 as in other engines, because their
springs are weaker than those of the other valves fand g.
Before the end of the stroke, the cam e lets the lever sink, the valve f closes
under the action of the spring f2 and interrupts the entrance of the motive fluid; it
will be easily understood that according to the profile of the cam e, or according to its
keying, it is possible to regulate the degree of admission and consequently, that of the
expansion.
Whichever may be the direction of the revolution of the eccentric c, the rotation of
the axle d' is made always under the same conditions and consequently the engine can
turn indifferently in one direction or the other, according to the direction of the
revolution given to the fly wheel d at the time of starting.
This kind of distribution is equally convenient for engines with only one cylinder.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed declare that what I
claim is..
An improved gas or petroleum engine characterized by having a double eccentric cc
keyed upon the driving shaft b and operating by means of the pawls d³ da ratchet
wheel keyed upon a shaft d, to which it communicates a continuous rotary
movement, the arbor d carrying cams e e e which operate respectively upon the
expansion valve and the escape valves g g.
دم
11005
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, Agents to Applicant.