A METHOD AND METHODS OP REGULATING THE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE IN LAMPS, GLOBES, AND OTHER TRANSPARENT CASES, OF SUPPLYING COMBUSTIBLE MATTER TO FLAME, AND PRESERVING UNIFORM INTENSITY OF LIGHT
Year: 1813

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, the Right.
Honorable Sir THOMAS COCHRANE, Knight of the most Honorable Order of
the Bath, and commonly called Lord Cochrane, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His,
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, and bearing date.
at Westminster the Twenty-fourth day of December, in the fifty-fourth year
of His reign, did give and grant unto me, the said Sir Thomas Cochrane,
commonly called Lord Cochrane, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, His special
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, during the term of fourteen
years from the date hereof, by myself or themselves, or by mine or their
deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or such others as I or they should
at any time agree with, and no others, to make, use, exercise, and vend,
within that part of Great Britain and Ireland called England, the Dominion
of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "A METHOD
AND METHODS OP REGULATING THE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE IN LAMPS, GLOBES, AND
OTHER TRANSPARENT CASES, OF SUPPLYING COMBUSTIBLE MATTER TO FLAME, AND
PRESERVING UNIFORM INTENSITY OF LIGHT," in such manner as to me, the said
Sir Thomas Cochrane, commonly called Lord Cochrane, my exors, adñiors, or
assigns, shall, in mine or their discretion, seem meet, but subject, nevertheless,
to a proviso or condition contained-in the said Letters Patent, tha if I; the

page_text: said Sir Thomas Cochrane, commonly called Lord Cochrane, should not par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, in writing under my hand and seal,
and cause the same to be enrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent, then the same Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages
whatsoever thereby granted, should utterly cease, determine, and become
void.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Sir Thomas Cochrane, commonly called Lord Cochrane, do hereby declare
that the nature of my said Invention, and manner in which the same is to
be performed, are particularly described and ascertained in manner following
(that is to say):-
My said method or methods may be used either conjointly along with the
means, apparatus, manipulations, or proceedings which do constitute or apper-
tain into a certain other Invention of a Method or Methods of more Com-
pleatly Lighting Cities, Towns, and Villages, for which His present most
Gracious Majesty did grant unto me His Letters Patent, bearing date at
Westminster, the Third day of March, in the fifty-third year of His reign, or
else conjointly along with such other means, apparatus, manipulations, or pro-
ceedings as heretofore have been commonly used for the purpose of illumination
as shall or may be fit and proper, or preferred to be so used. And I do further
declare, that in the Drawings hereunto annexed and severally distinguished by
the numbers or Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, the same letters of the
alphabet, where applied to each, do denote things or parts of a similar nature
or kind; and in the Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, the letters d, e, f, g, h,.i, denote the
line of exclusion or section of the case or globe by which, as set forth in my
former Patent, the external air is prevented from being admitted within except
through the passages or apertures by which the same is directed in, upon, or
near the flame; and the letter C denotes the burner or burners, and a, b, the
tube in and through which the rarified air ascends.
Fig. 5 represents' an Argand lamp, in a case or glass, of the common descrip-
tion, and is here placed to shew the great disadvantages which are therein
produced by the inevitable mixture of contaminated air with the purer air
from without (for this last air being introduced at e and h, or at any other
opening the case may afford, will form a descending current, and carry down a
considerable portion of the burned air which rises and spreads in its passage
towards d, i, and by such mixed and impure air the flame must thereafter. be
supported, and consequently will be much less brilliant, and more smoky and

page_text: dull than it might otherwise have been). But whereas in the Figures 1, 2,
3, 4, and in all other flames in lamps and other apparatus, the steadiness and
uniformity of the illumination must greatly depend upon the unvaried action of
the draft which produces the ascending current; and this action will be greatly
modified by any irregularity of pressure or agitation in the atmosphere or sur-
rounding air, and in lamps placed in open space will, in numerous cases and
circumstances, be such as to extinguish the light altogether. Now I do
equalize the said action by causing the extremity or extremities of the tube or
tubes, passage or passages, of supply at which the atmospheric air enters, and
the extremity of the tube of draft, out of which the heated air ascends, to
terminate in one and the same chamber or space, which is or may be open at
top, as shewn in Fig. 6, 7, 8, and 9, wherein k, l, m, denote the tube. or tubes,
passage or passages of supply, terminating in the chamber or space k, d, i, k,
which is open at top; and a, b, denotes the tube of draft terminating in the
same chamber or space; and I do prevent the mixing of the entering and
rising currents by causing the former to pass near the outside, and the latter
near the middle, of the chamber or space; and if need be, I do for the same
purpose make other perforations in the chamber or space, which may with
advantage be near the mouth or mouths of the said tube or tubes, passage or
passages of supply. And the effect and consequence of the construction and
arrangement here described is, that the pressure arising from the irregular
action or agitation of the atmosphere against the lamp, when exposed in the
open air, will be regulated by its simultaneous effect upon both the said
currents, so that neither of them will be accelerated or retarded, and the draft
will continue the same, and an uniform and steady brilliancy will be maintained
in the flame; and nearly the same effect may be produced when air from with..
out is admitted into the lower parts of the said tube or tubes, passage or
passages of supply, provided the communication with the said chamber or space
be also kept up. And I do hereby further declare, that my method of supplying
combustible matter to flame doth consist in administering oil for the main-
tenance thereof through or by means of ducts or pipes to such globes or lamps
as may be used for that purpose, and the said ducts or pipes may be supplied
by fountain oil holders or reservoirs, either within the building or in an
apartment; and the said ducts or pipes may be connected altogether,
and may be provided with a cock or opening at the end of each, for the
purpose of withdrawing the oil and cleaning them; and in winter the saine
may be heated by steam or hot air in an exterior case. And lastly I
do declare, that by virtue and in consequence of the regulating of the
atmospheric pressure, and of the supplying of combustible matter to flame
exterior

page_text: as berein-before described, the intensity of the light thereby afforded is pre-
served more uniformly than has hitherto been done by any of the methods
in use.
In witness whereof, I, the said Sir Thomas Cochrane, commonly called
Lord Cochrane, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-
eighth day of February, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and fourteen.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-eighth day of February,
in the year of our Lord 1814, the aforesaid Sir Thomas Cochrane, commonly
called Lord Cochrane, came before our said Lord the King in His Chancery,
and acknowleged the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above written. And also the Specification
aforesaid was stampt according to the tenor of the Statute made for that
purpose.
Inrolled the First day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and fourteen.