IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSSELS, TAPESTRY, WILTON, AND AXMINSTER CARPETS, AND OTHER LIKE FABRICS, AND IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN.
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Bennie, of the Firm of John Brinton and Company,
of Kidderminster, in the County of Worcester, Carpet Manufacturers, for the
Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSSELS, TAPESTRY,
WILTON, AND AXMINSTER CARPETS, AND OTHER LIKE FABRICS, AND IN
MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN.
در
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Bennic at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th September 1879.
"
JOHN BENNIE, of the Firm of John Brinton and Company, of Kidderminster, in
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
the County of Worcester, Carpet Manufacturers.
FACTURE OF BRUSSELS, TAPESTRY, WILTON, AND AXMINSTER CARPETS, AND OTHER
LIKE FABRICS, AND IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN."
My Invention has reference to the manufacture by power of Brussels, Wilton,
Axminster, and tapestry carpets and rugs, and such like fabrics, and its object is to
produce a fabric in which the heavy back of an Axminster carpet is combined
with the fine selvage of the other fabrics above named.
The heavy back of an Axminster carpet is ordinarily produced by means of a
weft, but owing to the thickness of this weft the shuttle will only hold a very
limited quantity, and has therefore to be frequently renewed, and further, the
thickness of the weft produces such a coarse selvage that it is very difficult to
join two widths of the carpet without forming a ridge.
Now according to my Invention I dispense with the shuttle which carries the
weft for the back, and I produce a heavy back in a Brussels, Wilton, Axminster, or
tapestry carpet, or rug, or other like fabric by means of a warp which unwinds
from a beam, or from bobbins in the ordinary manner as the carpet is woven,
and in this way I not only have practically no limit to the quantity of the material
which the loom will hold for the back, but at the same time as the back is
formed by a warp instead of by a weft, the selvage is not interfered with and
will be as fine as if the carpet were made without a back.
The beam or bobbins which carry the warp for the back may either be an
additional beam or additional bobbins, or may take the place of the beam or
bobbins which carry the stufting employed in the manufacture of some carpets.
When it is required that the carpet should have both the "stuffing" and the
heavy back, I employ separate beams, but work them by the same gearing, and I
employ double mails through which to lead the stuffing and the warp for the back.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Jolin Bennie in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 27th March
1880.
JOHN BENNIE, of the Firm of John Brinton and Company, of Kidderminster, in
the County of Worcester, Carpet Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF BRUSSELS, TAPESTRY, WILTON, AND AXMINSTER CARPETS, AND OTHER
LIKE FABRICS, AND IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN.'
"
My Invention has reference to the manufacture by power of Brussels, Wilton,
Axminster, and tapestry carpets and rugs, and such like fabrics, and its object
is to produce a fabric in which the heavy back of an Axminster carpet is combined
with the fine selvage of the other fabrics above named.
very
The heavy back of an Axminster carpet is ordinarily produced by means of a
weft, but owing to the thickness of this weft the shuttle will only hold
limited quantity, and has therefore to be frequently renewed, and further, the
thickness of the weft produces such a coarse selvage that it is very difficult to join
two widths of the carpet without forming a ridge.
Now according to my Invention I dispense with the shuttle which carries the
weft for the back, and I produce a heavy back in a Brussels, Wilton, Axminster, or
tapestry carpet, or rug, or other like fabric by means of a warp, which unwinds
from a beam or from bobbins in the ordinary manner as the carpet is woven, and in
this way I not only have practically no limit to the quantity of the material which
the loom will hold for the back, but at the same time as the back is formed by a
warp instead of by a weft, the selvage is not interfered with, and will be as fine as
if the carpet were made without a back.
The beam or bobbins which carry the warp for the back may either be an
additional beam or additional bobbins, or may take the place of the beam .or
bobbins which carry the "stuffing" employed in the manufacture of some carpets.
When it is required that the carpet should have both the "stuffing" and the
heavy back I employ separate beams, but work them by the same gearing, and in
some cases I employ double mails through which to lead the stuffing and the warp
for the back.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings represents a tapestry loom constructed
to carry out my Invention; a is the ordinary beam for carrying the stuffing; b, the
ordinary beam for the ground warp; and c, the ordinary beam for the printed
warp; d, d, represent the gears or healds for the ground warp, and e the gear or
healds for the printed warp. These gears or healds are operated by means of cams
in the treadle box through the intermediation of connecting rods and levers in the
usual manner; f is the cam shaft; g represents the additional beam for carrying
the warp for the heavy back; it is mounted in an extension of the frame of the
loom, as shown. The warp from this beam g passes over a guide roller h, and is
then carried through eyes or mails attached to two additional gears or sets of healds,
i, k, which are operated respectively by means of two additional cams on the shaft f
through the intermediation of rods and levers. The strings or threads which form
the warp for the heavy back are by preference led through alternate reeds or dents,
and in such manner that several strings (say three) from an eye or mail of the
gear i pass through the first reed or dent, then several strings from an eye or mail
of the other gear k pass through the third reed or dent, and so on, only every
alternate reed being supplied with warp strings for the beavy back, while these
alternate reeds are supplied alternately from the eyes or mails of the two gears or
sets of healds i and . The cams which work these gears are so shaped and so
placed on their shaft that the said gears rise alternately, and that the weft or shoot
therefore passes in one throw of the shuttle alternately over the strings from the

page_text: gear i, and under the strings from the gear k, and the reverse in the next throw,
that is to say, over the strings from the gear , and under the strings from the
gear i. Figure 2 is a separate view showing one of the two additional cams which
work the gears i and k; these two cams are of the same form, but are placed on
the shaft with their corresponding parts diametrically opposite each other, so as to
act alternately and work their respective gears, as above explained.
The manner in which I prefer to adapt a Brussels loom for carrying out my
Invention is represented in Figure 3; some of the parts of the loom which are of
the ordinary construction are omitted in this Figure; Figure 4 is a view of part of
the mechanism as seen from the opposite side to that shown in Figure 3; a is the
ordinary beam for carrying the stuffing, and b, the ordinary beam for the ground
warp; d, d, are the gears or set of healds for the ground warp, and e, the gear or
set of healds for the stuffing; g represents the additional beam for the heavy back
mounted in an extension of the loom frame. The gear or set of healds e carries
double eyes or mails 1, one of which is shewn separately in Figure 5. The threads
or material for the stuffing pass through the upper eyes of these mails, while those
for the heavy back pass through the lower eyes. I work the gear e by a special
cam o on the cam shaft; this cam acts by a lever p (jointed to the frame) upon a
rod which is connected by an army to a transverse shaft s; to this shaft near
each end are connected levers m, m, from which rods n, n, lead and are attached to
the gear c.
The form of the cam o which is shown separately in Figure 6 is such,
that the gear with both the stuffing and the heavy warp is lifted after the yarn has
been lifted, and then lowered before the yarn is lowered; in this way the stuffing
and heavy warp are kept quite distinct from the yarn, instead of being mixed
there with as the stuffing generally is in the ordinary mode of working.
When I make the carpet or other fabric without the stuffing, the beam for the
heavy warp may be placed in the position usually occupied by the stuffing beam,
and I prevent the heavy warp mixing with the yarn by employing the cam
Figure 6 and its connections with the gear e, as already described.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First. The manufacture by power of Brussels, Wilton, Axminster, and tapestry
carpets and rugs, and such like fabrics in such manner that a heavy back as in an
Axminster carpet is combined with a fine selvage as in the other fabrics named,
substantially as herein before described.
Secondly. Constructing or fitting looms with an additional beam for carrying
the warp for the said heavy back, substantially as hereinbefore described and
represented in the annexed Drawings.
Thirdly. Constructing looms or machinery for the manufacture of carpets, and
other like fabrics, substantially as and for the purpose herein before described and
represented in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Bennie, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
JOHN BENNIE. (L.S.)