A MACHINE OR PRESS, CHIEFLY APPLI- CABLE TO PRINTING
Year: 1820

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
WINCH, late of Shoe Lane, in the City of London, but now of Mill Street, in
the Parish of Saint Mary, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, Pressmaker,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His present Majesty King George the Fourth, in and by His
Letters Patent under the Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
iminster, the Eighteenth day of May last, for Himself, His heirs and successors,
did give and grant unto me, the said Robert Winch, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, and every of them, by himself and themselves, or by niy
and their deputy and deputies, servants or agents, or such others as I, the
said Robert Winch, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend my Invention of "A MACHINE OR PRESS, CHIEFLY APPLI-
CABLE TO PRINTING," within that part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland called England, the Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed; in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso
obliging me, the said Robert Winch, by an instrument in writing under my.
hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said:
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause
the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
four calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said recited'
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereto had, will more.
fully appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Robert Winch, do hereby describe and ascertain the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by the Plan or
Drawing hereunto annexed, and the following description thereof, that is to
say:-
In the Drawing Figure 1 is an elevation of a machine or press for printing;
Figure 2, a plan of the same; Figure 3, an end view, taken on the left sides
of Figures 1 and 2; and Figures 4 to 19, inclusive, are views of detached
parts of the machine; in all which Figures the same letters and figures refer
to the same parts of the machine. A, A, &c. is the frame or support of the
machine. B, B, the pressing cylinders. C, C, &c., grooved wheels fixed on
one end of each axis of the pressing cylinders. D, D, a double grooved
wheel, turning upon an axis affixed to the frame A, A. E, E, chains, one end
of each of which is secured to one of the grooved wheels C, C, and the other
end of each to one of the grooves in the double grooved wheel D, D. F, the
winch or handle, affixed to the axis of the double grooved wheel D, D, and
which, being turned alternately to the right and left, gives motion to the
two pressing cylinders B, B, and the parts connected therewith, by means
of the two chains E, E. G, G, &c., four toothed wheels, one being affixed
on each end of the axises of the pressing cylinders B, B, which work in four
racks H, H, &c., fixed upon the two inclined planes I, I, of the machine,
and preserve the parallelism of the pressing cylinders B, B. J, J, a safety
chain, hung upon one end of each of the axises of the pressing cylinders B, B,
and passing over the guide pulley K, turning upon a stud affixed to the
middle of one side of the machine. The use of this safety chain is to prevent
the pressing cylinders B, B, from hanging back on that side of the machine,
and wearing the rack teeth unfairly, and also to prevent those cylinders from
falling off the machine in case the chains E, E, should break. On each
end of the pressing cylinders B, B, is made a grooved wheel L, L, &c., the
bottoms of the grooves being cylindrical, and running upon four metal straight-
edges or bars M, M, &c., which partly support the pressing cylinders in their
motion upwards and downwards, and preserve their linear action. Along
each pressing cylinder B, B, is cut a groove N, N, (shewn at Figure 4) and
other grooves 0, 0, &c., are turned in each end. In the straight grooves
N, N, are placed metal bars P, P, which are fastened therein by screws, the
intent of which bars are to secure the ends of the blankets with which the
pressing cylinders B, B, are clothed, in order to procure the necessary elasticity
upon their surfaces to give the impression, and over each blanket is put
an external covering of brown holland, or other proper linen cloth, the ends

page_text: of which are stitched or laced together, and in each of the grooves 0, 0, &c.,
are fitted metal bands Q, Q, the ends of which wrap over each other, and are
secured by screws, and hold down the edges of the blankets and linen coverings.
R, R, &c. are two flat cast iron plates or tables, which rest upon ledges or
rebates, shewn at S, S, in Figure 3, inside the frame A, A, and upon which
tables are laid the forms of types or stereotype plates, and their situations
upon the tables are adjusted by screws fixed to the edges of the tables, some
of which are shewn at T, T, &c., in Figures 2 and 3. The upper surfaces.
of the tables R, R, are made truly flat in the usual manner, by turning, &c.
On each side of the tables R, R, are fixed ledges of wood U, U, &c., and
supposing that the types stand as usual, seven eighths and one sixteenth of an
inch in height above the surfaces of the plates or tables R, R, these wooden
ledges must be also of that height, but the metal straight edges or bars M, M,
must be only seven eighths of an inch high, and thus allow the sixteenth of
an inch for elasticity in giving the impression. Each end of the axises of
the pressing cylinders B, B, are made cylindrical, as shewn at V, V, in
Figure 4, and upon each are fitted a pair of metal arms W, W, &c., a front
and edge view of one of which arms are shewn separately at Figure 7:
These arms have pivot holes X, X, &c., in which turn the axises of the
four larger elastic inking cylinders Y, Y, &c., the pivot holes being made to open
below to receive them. On each end of the axises is fixed a toothed wheel
Z, Z, &c., having a cylindrical rim 1 on the side of it, as shewn at Figure 11.
These toothed wheels Z, Z, &c. work in four racks 2, 2, &c., fixed inside of
the other racks H, H, &c. upon the machine frame, and the cylindrical
rims 1, 1, &c. roll upon four metal straight-edges 3, 3, &c., which prevent
the wheels Z, Z, from bottoming or entering too deeply into the racks 2, 2, &c.
In each arm W, W, &c. is also a cleft or fork 4, 4, &c., for the pivots of
the four metal ink distributing rollers 5, 5, &c. to act in. These rollers
5, 5, &c. have a transversing motion endways, backwards and forwards, com-
municated to them either by having a screw made on one of the two pivots
of each roller, which may act in a female screw, serving the office of a pivot
hole, or the pivots may be prevented from turning round in the gaps 4, 4, &c.,
and the axises may have a screw made in the middle of each, which may
work in screwed nuts fixed in the insides of the cylinders or rollers. The
office of these distributing rollers is to spread and diffuse the printing. ink
equally over the surfaces of the inking cylinders Y, Y, &c. The arms
W, W, &c. have at their ends holes 6, 6, &c., through which pass the
stretching rods 7, 7, &c., and which are secured therein by shoulders, screws,
and nuts at each end of them. Upon these stretching rods are affixed the

page_text: four fingers or toothed pieces 8, 8, &c., one of which is shewn separately
at Figure 10, by, means of a round hole in cach, turning upon the rods
7:7, &c. in a small, degree, which is, limited by the holes in the toothed
picces 8, 8, &c., through which the screws pass, which keep them in their
places on the rods 7, 7, &c., being a little elongated. This small degree of
motion is necessary in order to allow the finger to play over the four ratchet
wheels 9, 9, &c., which are fixed upon four metal ductor cylinders 10, 10, &c.
in their passage back, after having turned the ductor cylinders 10, 10, &c.
a little in, the manner to be described hereafter. The four ductor cylinders
10, 10, &c. are fitted up with, troughs to, hold the printing ink, and ductors
or. scrapers, with regulating screws to adjust the supply of the ink, as usual,
anil are secured or fitted into four ink destributing boards 11, 11, &c. which
are, fixed on the ledges 12,.12, &c. in the machine A, A, so that the ductor
cylinders. 10, 10, &c. project or stand a little above the surfaces, of the ink
destributing boards 11, 11, &c. 13, 13, &c. are four pairs of arms, affixed
upon axises. 14, 14, &c., turning in holes, made in the sides of the frame A, A.
These arms, 13, 13, &c. support the boards 15, 15, &c., on which the sheets
of paper to be printed are to be laid singly from time to time. 16, 16, &c.
are catches or hooks, turning, upon studs 17, 17, &c. screwed into the arms
13, 13, &c. as centers. These; catches 16, 16, &c. have stops 18, 18, &c.
underneath their ends, next to the studs .17,. 17, &c.. to limit their motion
downwards when at rest, but they are at liberty to rise up and pass over the
segments 19, 19, &c., shewn in Figures 5 and 13, which are affixed upon
the toothed wheels G, G, &c., on the ends of each pressing cylinder B, B,
when these segments approach the catches; but the catches fall and are
caught, and detained on the ends of the segments on their departure, and
bring down the arms 13, 13, &c., and paper boards, with them, into the
positions shewn at Figure 13, so that the paper, the edge of which hangs
down over the front edges of the boards from an inch to an inch and a half,
can be readily caught between the seizing rollers, as will be, described
hereafter. Each paper board 15, 15, &c. has a loose flap 20, 20, &c.
hung upon one edge of, it by hinges, which allow the flaps to turn up a little
when they touch the pressing cylinders B, B. They are also furnished with
regulating slips 21, 21, &c. on their opposite edges, with screws to adjust
their positions, and their use is to determine the place of the paper to be
printed upon the paper boards, one edge of each sheet being laid in close
contact with the slips. Two register points 22, 22, &c. are also applied
to each paper board, as follows:-22, 23, &c., are two arms or levers,
turning upon joints affixed to the boards at 24, 24, &c., having grooves or

page_text: slits along one end of each, in which the shank of each register point can be
placed as required, each register point, having a shoulder and screwed stem
and a nut to bind it fast in the groove. The other ends of the levers or arms
23, 23, &c. are united to a cross bar 25, 25, to which a string or line 26, 26,
is fastened, which line passes over a pulley 27, 27, &c., affixed on the under-
side of each paper board, and can be secured to the frame of the machine
A, A, of a proper length to withdraw the register points as required, to, permit
the sheets of paper to be drawn from off the paper boards in order to enter
the machine and, to be printed. The register points are guided sideways by
the grooves 28, 28, &c., which are fixed in the paper boards, as shewn at
Figure 14. 29, 29, &c. are eight arms, two being affixed to each paper
board, and turning upon a pin at 30, 30, &c. as a center, the pin' passing
through the arm and two checks, one on each side of it to guide it. The
shorter end of each arm 29, 29, &c. lies underneath a staple 31, 31, &c.,
which prevents the longer end from falling down too low. This longer end has
an inclined plane 32, shewn in Figure 15, affixed on one side of it, as seen in
Figure 14 at 32, 32, the use of which will be described presently. 33, 33, &c
are four metal carriages, which lie in the grooves L, L, &c. at each end of the
pressing cylinders B; B; and run upon the two rollers 34, 34, which roll upon
the four straight-edges or bars M, M, &c., on the inclined planes of the
machine. These carriages 33, 33, &c., have each two hooks 35, 35; &c.,
which support the rods 36, 36, &c.. on which the middle tape rollers
37, 37, &c. turn, two of which are shewn endways at 37, 37, in Figure 16:
Upon these rods 37, 37, &c. are fixed the arms 38, 38, &c., which have eyes
or oblong holes at their ends, through which pass the axises of the upper tape
rollers or seizing rollers 39, 39; &c... The carriages 33, 33, &c. have metal
blocks affixed to the frames, in which the rollers 34, 34, &c. move. In these
blocks are pivot holes, in which the necks or pivots of the cylindrical rods.
40, 40, turn, which carry the lower tape pullies 41, 41, &c., and which are
loose, so as to turn either with or without the rods 40, 40, turning with them.
One of the rods 40 is sbewn separately at Figure 17, with the tape pulleys
41, 41, upon it. On eacli side of every pulley is placed a springing steel
wire cleft ring, the use of which is to keep the tape pullics 41, 41, in-their
places upon the rods 40, 40, &c., as required in use. 42 in Figure 16 is 'one
of the two tape stretching pulleys, which are carried upon two cylindrical
rods, similar to that just described in the reference to Figure 17, 'and
the pivots of which turn in holes 'made in metal, dovetail blocks, --which
slide in dovetail grooves 'made in the insides of one of each pair of-arms;
W, W, &c., as shown at 43, 43, in Figure 7.
These metal blocks have

page_text: screws in them, which bind them fast in their proper situations in the
dovetail grooves to tighten the endless tape bands. Three of the seven
tape bands, shewn at 44, 44, &c., in Figures 2 and 16, pass over and
under all the tape rollers and under the pressing cylinders B, B, which
give motion to the tapes by their contact with them, whilst the four
others 45, 45, &c., only pass around the upper and middle tape rollers 37
and 39. The use of these tapes is to seize and carry the paper in contact
with the under sides of the pressing cylinders B, B, during the opera-
tion of printing it; after which it is discharged by the action of the four flaps
46, 46, &c., which are shewn endways in Figure 16, and one of then
separately at 46, in Figure 18. These flaps 46, 46, &c. have metal arms
and sockets 47, 47, &c., one of which is shewn endways at 47 in Figure 19;
and which sockets encircle the upper tape rollers 39, 39, &c., and are kept
from coming off the rollers by the metal ferrils 48, 48, shewn in Figure 18.
The sockets of the arms 47, 47, &c. are rather larger in diameter than the
tape rollers 39, 39, which they encircle, and they are kept occasionally in
contact with the elastic surfaces of the pressing cylinders B, B, and turned a
little either way alternately thereby, by four helical wire springs, one of
which is shewn at 49 in Figure 16, which have wires with loops affixed to their
ends, by which they are hung upon the middle tape rollers 37, 37. In the
middle of each axis 14, &c., of the arms 13, &c., which support the paper
boards, is fitted another arm 50, 50, &c., at the lower ends of which are
weights 51, 51, &c., which bring the arms 13, 13, &c. back to their former
situations before being depressed by the action of the segments 19, 19, on the
pressing cylinders, upon the catches 16, 16, &c., as shewn in Figure 13.
52, 52, &c. are stops fixed to the frame A, A, for the arms 13, 13, to rest
against. 53, 53, are the forms of types or stereotyped plates.
I shall now proceed to describe the action of this machine as follows:-The
four ink troughs being supplied with ink, the machine must be worked back-
wards and forwards a few times until the inking rollers are coated with ink.
A sheet of printing paper must then be laid upon each of the four paper boards
15, 15, &c., one edge of each sheet being placed in contact with the regu-
lating slips 21, 21, &c. The winch or handle F must then be turned round
until two of the four catches 16, 16, &c. of the paper boards are engaged
in two of the segments G, G, of the pressing cylinders B, B. The winch or
handle of the machine F must then be turned in the contrary direction, and
the two paper boards will be depressed or pulled down into the situation
represented at Figure 13, when the papers will be introduced under the
seizing rollers 39, 39, &c., which are then elevated by the inclined planes

page_text: 32, 32, on the ends of the arms 29, 29, passing between the axises of the
seizing rollers 39, 39, as shewn in Figure.15, until these axises slip off the
ends of the inclined planes, and the tapes passing over the rollers fall and
seize the paper; which is brought into contact with the pressing cylinders B, B,
and carried along therewith over the forms of types to be printed, and is then
discharged on the opposite sides of the printing cylinders, which operation is
facilitated by the action of the flaps 46, 46, &c. The catches 16, 16, &c.,
are released from the segments 19, 19, &c., as soon as the paper is laid hold
of, and the paper boards fall back to their original situations. The inking
rollers Y, Y, &c., which follow the pressing cylinders, again ink the types in
passing over them once before the segments on the pressing cylinders seize
the catches of the other two paper boards, and again ink them previous to
the papers on those boards being brought underneath the pressing cylinders to
be printed as before described. The motion of the machine being reversed
continually whilst working, as soon as the catches of the paper boards are
engaged in the segments on the pressing cylinders B, B, the four elastic
inking cylinders Y, Y, &c., receive fresh supplies of ink at the moments when
the catches 16, 16, are engaged with the segments 19, 19, &c., by coming
into contact with the metal ductor cylinders 10, 10, &c., and which ink is
spread uniformly over their surfaces, partly by their rolling over the ink dis-
tributing boards 11, 11, &c., and partly by means of the traversing ink
distributing rollers, 5, 5, &c., previously to and at the time of inking the
types. The metal ductor cylinders 10, 10, &c., have the ink continually
renewed upon their surfaces from the ink troughs by their being turned a little
from time to time by the action of the toothed fingers 8, 8, &c., upon the
ratchet wheels 9, 9, &c. of each ductor cylinder. The machine instead of being
turned by hand, as herein shewn, may be actuated by any proper first mover,
a provision being made to produce a reversed motion from a continued one,
and which may be effected by the mangle motion, and in various other ways
not necessary to be described here.
I do not intend hereby to claim as my Invention any of those parts of the
machine which are already known or in use; but I do hereby claim the
Invention of the application to locomotion pressing or printing cylinders of
tapes, strings, or chains, and conducting rollers, for the taking in and securing
of the paper, and which are carried backwards and forwards with the cylin-
ders, & which I have shewn one method of effecting. I also claim the
Invention of working the locomotive pressing or printing cylinders upon two
inclined planes, or upon one inclined plane only, or of working only one loco-
motive pressing or printing cylinder upon one inclined plane with a counter-

page_text: balancing weight to it, or of working such locomotive. pressing or printing
cylinder or cylinders fitted up. with tapes, strings, or chains, & conducting
rollers, as above described;, upon a level surface or surfaces.
In witness whereof I have homounto sot
33537
hond
L
balancing weight to it, or of working such locomotive pressing or printing
cylinder or cylinders fitted up with tapes, strings, or chains, & conducting
rollers, as above described;, upon a level surface or surfaces.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, the
Eighteenth day of September, One thousand eight hundred and
tember, in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid Robert Winch came before
our Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said,, and all and every thing, therein contained, in form. above written.., And
also, the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to, the tenor of the
Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the same Eighteenth day of September, in the year above written.