IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING HORSE-CLOTHS, BLANKETS, RUGS, OR SIMILAR THICK MATERIALS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jerome André Drieu, of Patricroft, near Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WEAVING HORSE-CLOTHS, BLANKETS, RUGS, OR SIMILAR THICK MATERIALS."
Sealed the 11th July 1856, and dated the 14th May 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jerome André Drieu at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th May 1856.
I, JEROME ANDRE DRIEU, of Patricroft, near Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WEAVING HORSE-CLOTHS, BLANKETS, RUGS, OR SIMILAR THICK MATERIALS,"
to be as follows:-
My said Invention relates to the manufacture of very thick goods, such as
horse-cloths, blankets, rugs, bockings, pilot cloths, druggets, or any such thick
materials, and consists of using an extra floating warp of woollen shoddy, mungo,
or other fibrous materials, and of confining the said extra floating warp to the
centre or interior of such goods, still preserving a woollen face on both sides or
surfaces. By this process I do not increase the consumption of either the
ordinary warp or weft.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jerome André Drieu in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 8th August 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JEROME
ANDRE DRIEU, of Patricroft, near Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Royal
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Jerome André Drieu, Her special licence that I, the said Jerome André
Drieu, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Jerome André Drieu, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WEAVING HORSE-CLOTHS, BLANKETS, RUGS, OR SIMILAR THICK MATERIALS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that T, the said Jerome André Drieu
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said-Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Royal Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jerome André Drieu, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, 'to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, (that is to say):-
My Invention relates to the manufacture of very thick goods, such as horse-
cloths, blankets, rugs, bockings, pilot cloths, druggets, or any such thick
materials, and consists of using 'air extra floating warp of woollen 'shoddy,
mungo, or other fibrous imaterials, and of confining the said extra floating warp
to the centre or interior of such goods, still preserving a woollen 'face on both
sides or surfaces, by which process I do not encrease the consumption of either
the ordinary warp or weft. To accomplish this object I use an extra beam, as
shewn in the accompanying illustration; in which A represents the usual beani
and warp, and B the extra beam, with the extra floating warp of shodily, &c.
The extra warp is worked by the single healds C, and the usual warp by the

page_text: double healds D. In carrying out this Invention I use four treddles. In the
tieing up, No. I treddle opens the shed: when half of the usual warp is up and
the other half is down, the whole of the extra warp being down at the time;
then the pick is under the balf of the ordinary warp and over the whole of the
extra warp. By treddle No. 2 the shed of the ordinary warp remains open,
but the whole of the extra warp rises up; then the pick is between the extra
warp (under it) and the half of the usual warp, which is down. By the
treddle No. 3 the usual warp is crossed, and, as with the treddle No. 1, the
usual warp' is divided, and the extra warp is down; then the pick is close to
the first pick, both being over the extra warp. By the treddle No. 4. the
shed. of the usual warp. is kept steady, and the whole of the extra warp
is brought up. This pick makes two picks over, and two picks under the
extra warp. It is evident that by this system of weaving plain- goods the
extra warp is confined between the four picks, two over and two under, so
that it cannot be perceived in the woven fabric. For twilled work,-
eight treddles are required for four shafts twill, and six treddles for three
shafts twill. It will be obvious to any competent weaver, that by the tieing
up No. 2 for the four shafts twill, and by the tieing up No. 3 for the three
shafts twill, the same effect will be produced as by the tieing up No. 1
for plain work; that is to say, the extra warp will be confined in the centre of
the cloth, because the picks will be placed alternately over and under the
floating warp. By this method of weaving an inferior material may be put in
the centre or interior of the fabric, which plan is applicable to the weaving of
any pattern of goods, whether woven by hand or power, or in a plain or
jacquard loom; and the surface or surfaces' of the fabric so woven may be
finished by any of the well-known metliods, and will be a much stouter and
firmer cloth. I may here observe, that the warps prepared for this process of
manufacture must be from twelve to twenty per cent. narrower on the loom
than an ordinary warp, according to the extent of milling required, because
if it is of the ordinary width, and submitted to the usual milling, it would
produce a fabric much too stout, so that the economy obtained is from twelve to
twenty per cent. in warp and weft, as well as the saving of half the time in
milling, which will be equal to one-half of the whole expense.
A & B shew the two beams, and the manner in which the warps enter the
healds; a shews the manner of entering the warps when it is desired to
introduce as much of the inferior material as of the best. Two threads, a good
one and an inferior one, are put in each dent of the reed, and if the fabric
receives plenty of weft and the reed be fine, the inferior material will be com-
pletely concealed. represents the manner in which the warps enter the

page_text: healds when it is only desired to introduce one-third part of an inferior article
with two-thirds of a superior one, when three threads are in each dent of the
reed.
Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of my said Invention,
and the manner of carrying the same into practical effect, I desire it to be
distinctly understood, that I do not confine myself to the exact details herein
set forth, as such may be varied or modified without departing from the
principle thereof; but I claim as my Invention, and which, to the best of my
knowledge and belief, has not been hitherto used within this realm, the method
of introducing into woven fabrics a separate and inferior material into the
centre thereof, the said material being concealed from the surfaces, as herein
described, and illustrated in the accompanying design.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jerome André Drieu, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixth day of August, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-six.
JEROME ANDRE DRIEU. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-
named Jerome André Drieu, in the
presence of
J. E. NORRIS, Solicitor,
Halifax.