HAMPILDI
Year: 1855

page_text: LONDON:
PRINTED BY GEORGE E. EYRE AND WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE
°
PRINTERS TO THE QUEEN'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY :
PUBLISHED AT THE GREAT SEAL PATENT OFFICE,
25, SOUTHAMPTON BUILDING, HOLBORN.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Sangster, of 75, Cheapside, for the Invention
of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS."
Sealed the 23rd October 1855, and dated the 18th August 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Sangster at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
August 1855.
I, WILLIAM SANGSTER, of 75, Cheapside, do hereby declare the nature of
the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS AND
PARASOLS" to be as follows:-
In the manufacture of umbrellas and parasols it has been usual in covering
the frames to employ for each umbrella or parasol several pieces of fabric,
which are sewed together, the seams coming over the ribs of the frame, and
this has heretofore been essential where close woven or manufactured fabrics
have been used as the covering materials. Now, my improvement consists of
the application of a peculiar manufacture of fabrics for the covering materials
for umbrellas and parasols, whereby the cover for each umbrella or parasol
will consist of one piece without seam, and the fabric thus used according to
my Invention for covering umbrellas and parasols may be of silk, alpaca, or
other fibre. For this purpose the fabrics are warp or loop-formed fabrics,

page_text: manufactured in such manner as to be elastic in all directions, by causing the
several warp threads of which a fabric is composed, in addition to looping into
each other continually, to traverse in the fabrics from selvage to selvage. And
in order to prevent the effect of the elasticity in the fabrics between the outer
ends of the ribs of an umbrella or parasol, a cord or non-elastic edge is sewed
or formed at the circumference of the covering fabric.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Sangster in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
16th February 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
SANGSTER, of 75, Cheapside, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year, of Her, reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Sangster, Her special licence that I, the said William Sangster, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Sangster, my executors, administrators, and, assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William Sangster, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the: same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Sangster; do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
In the manufacture of umbrellas and parasols it has been usual.in.covering

page_text: the frames to employ for each umbrella or parasol several pieces of fabric,
which are sewed together, the seams coming over the ribs of the frame, and
this has heretofore been essential where close woven or manufactured fabrics
have been used as the covering materials. Now, my improvement consists of
the application of a peculiar manufacture of fabrics for the covering materials
for umbrellas and parasols, whereby the cover for each umbrella or parasol will
consist of one piece without, seam, and the fabric thus used according to my
Invention for covering umbrellas and parasols may be of silk, alpaca, or other
fibre. For this purpose the fabrics are warp or loop-formed fabrics, manu-
factured in such manner as to be elastic in all directions, by causing the
several warp threads of which a fabric is composed, in addition to looping into
each other continually, to traverse in the fabrics from selvage to selvage. And
in order to prevent the effect of the elasticity in the fabrics between the outer
ends of the ribs of an umbrella or parasol, a cord or non-elastic edge is sewed
or formed at the circumference of the covering fabric.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
The making of warp or looped-formed fabrics, by causing the warp threads
not only to loop into each other, but also to traverse continually from selvage
to selvage, has for some years been well known and used for making various
articles; I do not, therefore, claim the making of traverse-warp warp fabrics,
but only the combining them with suitable frames for making umbrellas and
parasols. The traverse-warp warp fabrics thus employed may be of silk or
other fibrous materials. In place of cutting the fabrics as heretofore, so that a
covering of an umbrella or parasol may consist of or be made up from sections
by sewing the sections together in such manner that there shall be a seam
over each rib of an umbrella or parasol, the covering of an umbrella or parasol
is according to my Invention (by reason of using the peculiar elastic fabrics
above mentioned) in one piece;. by which means the cutting into and sewing
sections are avoided. In making up an umbrella or parasol, a portion of
traverse-warp warp fabric is cut out of a proper size, and a non-elastic
cord is sewed in all round the outer edge, and the fabric is fastened to the
frame as heretofore, subject, however, to this difference, that in fastening it to
the ribs the fabric is stretched, so as to extend the fabric slightly, it not being
cut of a radius quite so long as the length of the ribs. The linings of parasols
are also made each of one piece, in place of making such linings as heretofore,
of several sections. In addition to the other advantages of making parasols
without seams, according to my Invention, the pieces of fabric may each be

page_text: printed with an ornamental pattern with greater facility than if the fabrics
are to be afterwards cut up and sewed in sections to form the covering of
a parasol:
In witness whereof, I, the said William Sangster, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Witness,
JNO. ALCOCK.
WILLIAM SANGSTER. (L.s.)

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Sangster, of 75, Cheapside, for the Invention
of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS."
Sealed the 23rd October 1855, and dated the 18th August 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Sangster at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
August 1855.
I, WILLIAM SANGSTER, of 75, Cheapside, do hereby declare the nature of
the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS AND
PARASOLS" to be as follows:-
In the manufacture of umbrellas and parasols it has been usual in covering
the frames to employ for each umbrella or parasol several pieces of fabric,
which are sewed together, the seams coming over the ribs of the frame, and
this has heretofore been essential where close woven or manufactured fabrics
have been used as the covering materials. Now, my improvement consists of
the application of a peculiar manufacture of fabrics for the covering materials
for umbrellas and parasols, whereby the cover for each umbrella or parasol
will consist of one piece without seam, and the fabric thus used according to
my Invention for covering umbrellas and parasols may be of silk, alpaca, or
other fibre. For this purpose the fabrics are warp or loop-formed fabrics,

page_text: manufactured in such manner as to be elastic in all directions, by causing the
several warp threads of which a fabric is composed, in addition to looping into
each other continually, to traverse in the fabrics from selvage to selvage. And
in order to prevent the effect of the elasticity in the fabrics between the outer
ends of the ribs of an umbrella or parasol, a cord or non-elastic edge is sewed
or formed at the circumference of the covering fabric.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Sangster in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
16th February 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS-SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
SANGSTER, of 75, Cheapside, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent; bearing date the Eighteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Sangster, Her special licence that I, the said William Sangster, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Sangster, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William Sangster, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same.to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months-next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Sangster, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:
In the manufacture of umbrellas and parasols it has been usual in covering

page_text: the frames to employ for each umbrella or parasol several pieces of fabric,
which are sewed together, the seams coming over the ribs of the frame, and
this has heretofore been essential where close woven or manufactured fabrics
have been used as the covering materials. Now, my improvement consists of
the application of a peculiar manufacture of fabrics for the covering materials
for umbrellas and parasols, whereby the cover, for each umbrella or parasol will
consist of one piece without seam, and the fabric thus used according to my
Invention for covering umbrellas and parasols may be of silk, alpaca, or other
fibre. For this purpose the fabrics are warp or loop-formed fabrics, manu-
factured in such manner as to be elastic in all directions, by causing the
several warp-threads of which a fabric is composed; in addition to looping into
each other continually, to traverse in the fabrics from selvage to selvage. And
in order to prevent the effect of the elasticity in the fabrics between the outer
ends of the ribs of an umbrella or parasol, a cord or non-elastic edge is sewed
or formed at the circumference of the covering fabric.
.Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
The making of warp or looped-formed fabrics, by causing the warp threads
not only to loop into each other, but also to traverse continually from selvage
to selvage, has for some years been well known and used for making various
articles; I do not, therefore, claim the making of traverse-warp warp fabrics,
but only the combining them with suitable frames for making umbrellas and
parasols. The traverse-warp warp fabrics thus employed may be of silk or
other fibrous materials. In place of cutting the fabrics as heretofore, so that a
covering of an umbrella or parasol may consist of or be made up from sections
by sewing the sections together in such manner that there shall be a seam
over each rib of an umbrella or parasol, the covering of an umbrella or parasol
is according to my Invention (by reason of using the peculiar elastic fabrics
above mentioned) in one piece; by which means the cutting into and sewing
sections are avoided. In making up an umbrella or parasol, a portion of
traverse-warp warp fabric is cut out of a proper size, and a non-elastic
cord is sewed in all round the outer edge, and the fabric is fastened to the
frame as heretofore, subject, however, to this difference, that in fastening it to
the ribs the fabric is stretched, so as to extend the fabric slightly, it not being
cut of a radius quite so long as the length of the ribs. The linings of parasols
are also made each of one piece, in place of making such linings as heretofore,
of several sections. In addition to the other advantages of making parasols
without seams, according to my Invention, the pieces of fabric may each be

page_text: printed with an ornamental pattern with greater facility than if the fabrics
are to be afterwards cut up and sewed in sections to form the covering of
a parasol.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Sangster, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Witness,
JNO. ALCOCK.
WILLIAM SANGSTER. (L.s.)