Improvements in the Ornamentation. Decoration, and Lettering of Surfaces for Various Purposes.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Nov., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 4th Aug., 1391-Accepted, 5th Sept., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Ornamentation. Decoration, and Lettering of
Surfaces for Various Purposes.
We, ALFRED SMALLWOOD of Hawkes Street, Small Heath, near the City of
Birmingham, Manufacturer, and HOWARD FENNEY of Grantham Road, Spark-
brook, near Birmingham aforesaid, Metallurgist, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as fellows :-
This invention relates principally to improvements in ornamenting, decorating, or
otherwise producing designs in relief, upon enamelled or vitreous coated surfaces,
such for example as enamelled iron, copper, gold, or silver, and other metals, also
upon tiles, ceramic-ware generally, china, and other glazed surfaces.
The said ornamenting, or the embellishing of a surface in relief, is performed
mainly, through the intervention of a sand blast, with a mask or stencil of the said
design, interposed between the said blast, and the enamel coated surface.
The operation of the blast, removes the enamel with which it comes in contact,
and exposes the metallic or other surface forining the base, which in the case of
metal, admits of being etched, matted, electro-deposited with precious metals, or
otherwise treated as may be desired.
In carrying out one form of our invention, we take an enamel coated metallic
surface, such as copper, and place upon the surface of the enamel of it, a metal
mask or stencil plate, of the pattern desired to be produced in relief. The
enamel surface surrounding the said stencil plate, is then operated upon by the
sand-blast, which cuts it away entirely, leaving exposed the metal beneath,
which
may
be matted, ornamented, painted, electro-deposited with precious
metals, or otherwise treated as desired.
It is thus understood that the pattern left, is of vitreous material whilst the
ground work is of metal.
The ornament thus produced, stands in relief, alike unto cameo-work, upon the
base or ground metal.
The vitreous material or glaze, may be of any color desired.
Instead of employing a metal stencil or mask, an acid-resisting transfer may be
applied, and the paper removed by subsequent washing, thus leaving an acid-
resisting stencil or pattern, and ou the plate being immersed within a bath of
hydro-fluoric acid or other solvent, the enamel or vitreous coating is removed,
leaving the bare metal of the base exposed.
The acid-resisting stencil pattern, is removed by warm water washing, or other
means.
Instead of employing transfers, shellac, designs, patterns, or the like may be
substituted.

page_text: In applying our invention to china, ceramic-ware generally, tiles and the like,.
we proceed alike as described in operating upon metal, other than that the
ground surface is left in a condition which admits only of certain forms of
embellishments.
Our invention may be employed for the ornamenting of tubes, fittings, castings,
panels, and other surfaces, glazed, or coated, or covered with vitreous substances or
enamelled.
Besides the ornamentation of such surfaces, our invention may be employed.
in the production of letterings, and the like upon such vitreous coated surfaces.
Although we have described and prefer to employ vitreous or glazed surfaces,
yet painted or other coated surfaces, such as imitation ivory, and the like, may be
employed.
Dated this 3rd day of November 1890.
ALFRED SMALLWOOD.
HOWARD FENNEY.
By Henry Skerrett,
Agent for Applicants.
Improvements in the Ornamentation, Decoration, and Lettering of
Surfaces for Various Purposes.
We, ALFRED SMALLWOOD of Hawkes Street Small Heath near the City of
Birmingham, Manufacturer, and HOWARD FENNEY of Grantham Road, Spark-
brook, near Birmingham aforesaid Metallurgist do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in ornamenting, lettering, decorating, or
patterning surfaces for various purposes, and our said invention consists primarily
in patterning or lettering coated surfaces, such for example as enamelled iron,
copper, gold or silver and other metals, and alloys of metals; also upon ceramic
° goods, such as general earthenware, china, and the like.
The said ornamenting, patterning or lettering is performed by the aid of the sand
blast, with a stencil plate, perforated mask, or resist, placed between the said sand
blast, and the surface to be ornamented or lettered.
The action of the sand blast upon the surface to be operated upon, removes the
enamel or coating to the depth of an under enamel; or to the depth of.the material
of the body of the tablet or plate.
The surface cut-down-to admits of being etched, matted, surfaced with precious
metals or otherwise treated.
In carrying out our invention in connection with a name or other plate, tablet or
the like, we take an enamel-coated iron or other plate, and upon the surface of
which, a stencil plate or resist of the desired pattern is placed; then by the aid
of the sand blast, the enamel or coating, corresponding to the piercings or openings
in the stencil plate, are is removed, either to the depth of the surface of an under
enamel, or down to the material of the plate.
.
The cutting-away of parts of the enamel or coating, leaves letters or ornaments in
relief, or produces sunken letters or patterns sunken, according to the piercings or
openings in the stencil plates or resists.
Thus, if the stencils be pierced for raised letters or ornaments, then the parts to
be left in relief are surrounded by cutaway parts, for the sand blast to pass
through; but if the letters or pattern are or is to be sunken, then the piercings
must be surrounded, or encompassed partially or wholly by unpierced parts.

page_text: The coatings of enamels, glaze, varnish, lacquer or the like, may be one, two or
three deep, and of dissimilar colours.
In applying our invention to china, ceramic ware generally, also to tiles and
the like, we proceed in manner as described, alike as to when operating upon
metal.
Our invention, besides being applicable to the ornamenting of plain surfaces, as
described, is equally applicable to the ornamentation of tubes, castings and other
curved objects, surfaced with enamels, or covered with other substances, such as
paint, glazes, varnishes and the like.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents a vitreous enamelled metallic
name plate, or advertising tablet, fettered and bordered in relief, according to one
form of our invention.
The said letters and border are the remaining portions of a top enamel, of which
the intervening portions have been removed to the depth of the surface of the under
enamel.
Figure 2 represents a longitudinal vertical section of the said name-plate or
advertising tablet showing the dispositions of the double vitreous enamels with
respect to the metallic base plate, and how the ground area of the said top
enamel, within the borders and letters, is cut away to the depth of the second
or under enamel, thus showing the letters and borders in relief in one enamel,
coming upon the body ground work of a second one.
In carrying out our process of lettering and bordering, as in accordance with
Figures 1 and 2, we take a metallic base plate a, and enamel the top or outer
side of the same, with two disimilar colored enamels b, c, for example, a white
enamel upon the said base or body part, and a blue enamel upon the white
enamel.
The surface of the outer enamel, or the enamelled side of the plate, is then
covered by a stencil-plate or resist, corresponding to the letters and borders to be
produced in relief upon the said surface.
Thus the openings or spaces in the stencil or resist correspond to the spaces or
surface to be cut away in the top enamel, and which cutting away is performed by
a sandblast, which removes these the exposed parts of the top enamel or coating to
the depth of the under enamel, leaving the letters and borders, which are in relief,
of a dissimilar color to the enamel cut down to.
Figure 3 represents an illustration of an embellished tablet or panel, ornamented
or sandblast-carved, according to our invention.
Figure 4 is a section of the same, showing the metallic base plate, covered with
a single enamel, or a vitreous enamel.
Thus a metallic base plate a, is coated with an ivory enamel b, and upon
the said last named, a stencil-plate or other resist, of the pattern represented,
is placed. Then, by the action of a sandblast, which passes through the gaps
or openings in the stencil, the enamel or top coating b, is cut away or removed
to the depth of the surface of the metal of the body of the tablet or panel,
leaving the figure and ornament in relief, which may be subsequently embellished
by painting or decorating in any desired way, and further, the exposed and sunken
surface of the metal of the body part, which constitutes the ground work of the said
figure and ornament, admits of being additionally embellished by electro-deposition
of precious metals or otherwise.
Figure 5 represents an illustration of another form of our invention, and Figure 6
a longitudinal section of the same, in which the metallic base plate is coated with
three coatings of disimilar colored enamels, so that the letters, which are left in
relief, and are the unremoved parts of the top enamel, are shaded by exposed parts
of the second enamel.
Thus, a is the plate, and b, c, and d.are three disimilar enamels; the upper one b,
may be white, the second one c, may be dark blue, and the 3rd one d, may be
vink.

page_text: A stencil or resist, is then placed upon the plate, and the said sand blast applied,
which removes the top enamel down to the second enamel, then again, by removing
the first stencil, and substituting a second one for it, differently perforated, the
sand blast, when applied, will cut away the second enamel down to the third
one, but leaving so much of the second enamel, as to form the shading
to the letters, ornaments, borderings and the like. which is covered-by-the
first enamel.
Figure 7 is a name-tablet, illustrative of another form of our invention, the
letters and borders of which are sunken, while the ground work, surrounded
by, or enclosed between the said letters or borderings, or portions of them, is
plain or unoperated upon by the sand blast, as hereinafter referred to, hence a
name plate or tablet, with the letters or parts and ornaments sunken below
the surface of the same.
Figure 8 is a longitudinal vertical section of Figure 7.
In the production of the last named name-plate or tablet, the stencil plate or
resist is taken, with the piercings or openings of it representing the letters and
borderings which are to be sunken. The sand blast is then applied, and the letters
are cut away to the depth as required.
The material operated upon may be metal, slate, stone, wood, paper or other
substance.
The sunken letters or borderings may, if necessary, be embellished by painting,
or have deposited within them, precious metals, by electro deposition or other
processes.
Figure 9 represents a further illustration of our invention, upon spangled or
crystallized tin. The advertising or name tablet has a coating of varnish, which
is partially removed by the sand blast, as herein before referred to, down to the body
of the metal, removing both the varnish and the spangled surface of the tin.
Figure 10 is a section of the tablet Figure 9.
Thus, in carrying out the production of this said advertising name plate, we take
a sheet of spangled tin, and coat the same with, say, puce-colored and semi-trans-
parent varnish, which when stoved or dried, gives to the said tin plate surface, a
glossy and brilliant appearance, by the shining through it of the spangles
thereunder.
A stencil plate or resist is then placed upon the tablet, and the sand blast
applied, which cuts away portions of the varnish coating and the spangled surface
of the tin, corresponding to the openings or piercings in the stencil plate, leaving
the varnished surface, which remains unacted upon, and which is in the form of
letters or ornaments in relief.
a is the spangled tin plate, and is a coating of coloured varnish or other similar
material.
Figure 11 represents a paint coated tin plate, ornamented by means of a sand
blast, which cuts away portions of the said paint, down to the body of the metal of
the plate, hence ornamentation.
Figure 12 is a cross section of Figure 11.
a is the metal base plate, and is the coating of paint of the same, which is
dried by stoving or other means, and portions of the same removed, by placing a
stencil plate or other resist upon its surface, and applying the sand blast, which
removes portions of the paint, down to the surface of the metal coated.
Figure 13 is an illustration of an enamelled or coated surface, in which the said
enamel, varnish or paint is made to stand out from the surface of the body
of the material coated, leaving cut-away intervening space, and if necessary,
surroundings.
Figure 14 is a cross section of the same.
Figure 15 is a further example of our invention, and Figure 16 is a section of it.
u may be a body plate of base metal, coated with a precious or other metal b;
then by the aid of a sand blast, having intervening between it and the body plate,

page_text: a stencil plate, resist or pierced mask, portions of the coating of the precious or
other metal are cut away down to the base metal, hence the decoration or
ornamentation.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:
First Ornamenting, decorating and lettering in relief, vitreous-enamel or other
coated surfaces or articles, by removing or cutting away, through the aid of the
sand blast in conjunction with a stencil plate, perforated mask or resist, parts
of the enamel or coating, (or the enamel or coating left bare, or left uncovered by
the said stencil plate) to the depth of an under enamel or coating (which may be one,
two, or three deep) or to the depth of the body material, or the surface of the
material, composing the said articles, which may be a plate, tablet-or-the-like
as described and illustrated; and which process or processes of ornamenting,
decorating or lettering, is conducted and carried out, in-the-manner, and by the
means, substantially as described and set forth.
Secondly-Ornamenting, lettering or decorating in relief, surfaces-and articles,
by removing-or-entting away by the aid of the sand blast, in conjunction with
a-stencil-plate or resist, parts of the surface-of-the--material left bare; or-left
uncovered by the said stencil plate; substantially as set forth
Thirdly Secondly:-Ornamenting or decorating and lettering in sunken patterns,
or sunken characters, vitreous-enamel or other coated surfaces or articles, or the
surfaces of non-conted articles; by removing or cutting away, through the aid of
the sand blast, in conjunction with a stencil plate or perforated mask, parts of the
enamel or parts of the material of-the-artiele, or coating, to the depth of an under
enamel enamel or coating, or to the depth of the body material of an article, or-to-any
desired depth-in-the said material, when not conted, substantially as described and
set forth. and which said process-of-ornamenting or lettering, is conducted and
earried-out,-by-means-and in the way, substantially as described-and-illustrated.
Dated this 1st day of duoc 1801
ALFRED SMALLWOOD.
HOWARD FENNEY.
By Henry Skerrett,
6, Livery Street, Birmingham,, Agent for Applicants.