IMPROVEMENTS IN UNITING OR COMBINING IRON AND STEEL TOGETHER, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to.Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki, of Berlin, Prussia, in
the Empire of Germany, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN UNITING
OR COMBINING IRON AND STEEL TOGETHER, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN." A communication by Messieurs Asbeck, Osthaus, Eicken, and Com-
pany, of Hagen, in the Empire of Germany, aforesaid.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von
Nawrocki at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st July 1876.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of Berlin, Prussia, in the Empire of
Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN UNITING OR COMBINING IRON AND STEEL TO-
GETHER, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
It is well known that in employing either steel or iron for various purposes of
manufacture the result desired is frequently only partially attained, as, for instance,
tools and other articles made entirely of steel though possessing great hardness do
not combine therewith the requisite degree of tenacity, while articles made entirely
of iron although possessing great tenacity are completely wanting in the necessary
hardness and elasticity. These inconveniences can only be removed when both
steel and iron are so intimately combined as to form a perfect union, whereby the
deficiencies existing in either metal are atoned for by the qualities of the other.
For this purpose I manufacture a material which I call steel iron, and possessing
all the requisite qualities of strength, elasticity, and hardness. Such compound or
material I manufacture of five different qualities, that is to say,-
Firstly. Steel on iron.
Secondly. Steel between two couches of iron.
Thirdly. Iron between two couches of steel.
Fourthly. The interior part, centre, or core of steel and the surrounding one of
iron.
And, Fifthly. The interior part, centre, or core of iron and the surrounding one
of steel.
I proceed in the following manner:-A chill of cast iron is divided in two com-
partinents by a plate of sheet iron. Previous to fusion both metals are refined and
purified from all substances pernicious to their welding, after which both the steel
in fusion as also the soft iron in fusion are at the same time and in similar propor-
tions cast into the divided chill, the dividing plate of sheet iron, in which welds
[Price 6d.]

page_text: both the steel and iron so intimately together that they form a perfect union, the
sheet iron serving at the same time not only as a preservative against the com-
pounding of the two metals but also as a means of their welding.
The success of the proceeding depends upon the careful and peculiar preparation
of the materials, and upon the quality, fitness for welding, and the thickness of the
sheet iron plate, for this must be sufficiently thick to resist the burning influences
of the metals in fusion, and yet not too thick, otherwise the materials in fusion
during their rising in the chill will not bring the plate to welding.
The requisite thickness of the sheet iron is determined by experience, and the
dimensions differ naturally in proportion to the transverse cut of the different
blocks to be made.
Although the manufacture of each of the five sorts before specified is substantially
the same in principle, yet the details are different. For example, to produce either
No. 2 or No. 3 the chill is divided by two sheet iron plates into three compartments,
while to produce Nos. 4 and 5 the interior part or core is formed by means of a
sheet-iron tube fixed in the midst of the chill.
The materials made in this way find a manifold usc. For instance, it will be
advantageous to employ steel iron for rails, anvils, and armour plates, as the hard
steel will diminish the wearing, and armour plates applied to safes to render them
burglar proof when made of this improved material will, owing to the steel therein,
resist the hardest drill, whilst at the same time the iron preserves such plates from
all danger of fracture from blows.
All such parts of machinery or tools as have either to resist or to produce strong
pressure or strong concussion, such as rollers or axles, are greatly superior when
made of this improved material, which combines great internal tenacity with ex-
ternal hardness. The wear of the external material is reduced to a minimum whilst
its internal softness gives it considerable tenacity and prevents breaking.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 1st January 1877.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of Berlin, Prussia, in the Empire of
Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN UNITING OR COMBINING IRON AND STEEL TO-
GETHER, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN." A communication by
Messieurs Asbeck, Osthaus, Eicken, and Company, of Hagen, in the Empire of
Germany, aforesaid.
It is well known that in employing either steel or iron for various purposes of
manufacture the result desired is frequently only partially attained, as, for instance,
tools and other articles made entirely of steel though possessing great hardness do
not combine therewith the requisite degree of tenacity, while articles made entirely
of iron although possessing great tenacity are completely wanting in the necessary
hardness and elasticity. These inconveniences can only be removed when both
steel and iron are so intimately combined as to form a perfect union, whereby the
deficiencies existing in either metal are atoned for by the qualities of the other.
For this purpose I manufacture a material which I call steel iron, and which
possesses all the requisite qualities of strength, elasticity, and hardness.
Such com-
pound or material I manufacture of five different qualities, that is to say,-
1stly. Steel on iron, as indicated at Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings.
2ndly. Steel between two couches of iron, as shewn at Figure 2.
3rdly. Iron between two couches or plates of steel, as shewn at Figure 3.
4thly. The interior part, centre, or core of steel and the surrounding part of iron,
as shown at Figure 4.
And, 5thly. The interior part, centre, or core of iron and the surrounding part of
steel, as shewn at Figure 5 of the accompanying Drawings.

page_text: I proceed in the following manner:-A chill of cast iron is divided in two com-
partiments, shewn at a, b, Figure 6, by a plate of sheet iron. Previous to fusion
both metals are refined and purified from all substances pernicious to their welding,
after which both the steel in fusion as also the soft iron in fusion are at the same
time and in similar proportions cast into the divided chill, the dividing plate of
sheet iron in which welds both the steel and iron so intimately together that they
form a perfect union, the sheet iron serving at the same time not only as a pre-
servative against the compounding of the two metals but also as a means of their
welding.
The success of the proceeding depends greatly upon the careful and peculiar
preparation of the materials, and upon their quality and fitness for welding, as
also upon the thickness of the sheet iron plate, which must be sufficiently thick to
resist the burning influences of the metals in fusion, and yet not too thick, otherwise
the materials in fusion during their rising in the chill will not bring the plate to
welding.
The requisite thickness of the sheet iron is determined by experience, and the
dimensions differ naturally in proportion to the transverse cut of the different blocks
to be made.
Although the manufacture of each of the five sorts before specified is substantially
the same in principle, yet the details are different. For example, to produce either
No. 2 or No. 3 the chill is divided by two sheet iron plates into three compartiments,
while to produce either No. IV. or No. V. the interior part is formed by means of a
sheet-iron tube fixed in the midst of the chill.
·
The materials made in this way find a manifold use. For instance, it will be
advantageous to employ steel iron for rails, anvils, and armour plates, as the hard
steel will diminish the wearing, and armour plates for safes to render them burglar
proof when made of this improved material will, owing to the steel therein, resist
the hardest drill, whilst at the same time the iron preserves such plates from all
danger of fracture from blows.
All such parts of machinery or tools as have either to resist or to produce a strong
pressure or strong concussion, such as rollers or axles, are greatly superior when
made of tliis improved material, which combines great internal tenacity with external
hardness. The wear of the external material is reduced to a minimum whilst its
internal softness gives it considerable tenacity and prevents breaking.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and the manner of carrying the same into operation, I would have it understood
that what I claim is the improved method of uniting steel and soft iron together
by casting them in chills in such a manner that both metals become intimately
blended and produce à metal which I term steel iron, such steel iron combining in
itself all the advantages of both metals, substantially in the manner and for the
purposes herein-before described and illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
G. W. VON NAWROCKI. (L.S.)