Improvements in Self-driving Motors.
Year: 1896

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Self-driving Motors.
GEORGES JUSTIN JOSEPH LEGRAND, of 343, Holloway Road, London N.
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
An improved motor.
I find on carrying out the necessary experiments, on the lines of my Patent 8656
of '92, that the best way of working out my said invention consists in preferably
using cylinders, balls or rollers, or the like, and of any shape and with wheels or
rollers, or the like on then loaded with water or any other liquid such as mercury,
oil, or any other liquid, or fluid, or with any material, metal, or substance: though
said experiments prove that instead of using metal or any other material or
substance (by either the cylinders, rollers, balls, etc., being made solid or hollow
and loaded with same) water, or oil, or light liquid is preferable, inasmuch as the
whole lot of said cylinders (on two endless bands, or chains, or ropes or other
guides or conductors placed at each end of the cylinders (chains would go between
in a groove in each side of recipient so as to save the bulk of the mercury) such
cylinders arranged so as to revolve on their centres upon pins or pivots or in the
links of said chains) are contained in the tube or partition containing no liquid
and in the mercury at bottom of tank or recipient nearly in equal numbers as in
the tube or side containing the liquid, preferably light one, thence going over the
pulley or wheel (placed above the tank containing the light and heavy liquid) on
said wheel or pulley such cylinders are also in equal numbers, though more
buoyant, liquid in tube being carried above centre of pulley and the motion to this
system is simply given by the action of the weight contained in the said cylinders
that are unsupported in that part of the tube or partition, air chamber, in which
there is no liquid, they having it is true to descend through the higher level of
mercury.or heavy liquid forced up on that side of the recipient in the air chamber
on account of the pressure exercised by the liquid ou the other side of the
recipient; once the loaded cylinders have passed the dead centre line of the
mercury base they ascend on the other side in the mercury and liquid placed above
on account of the liquid in the cylinders and in that part of the recipient being of
the same specific gravity, the liquid contained in the cylinders weighing nothing:
besides that the weight of the metal cylinders themselves is partly taken off, they
being supported. To ease the passage of the cylinders through the mercury at
bottom, a wheel or pulley can be placed into a cavity at bottom in the tank or
recipient which will in reality form an air chamber, the under end of said pulley
going down sufficiently into the mercury so that the rollers, balls, etc., (revolving
at both ends on their central pivots in the links of the chain as said and also
revolving upon and with the aforesaid revolving pulley or pulleys) will pass
through the mercury easily. I preferably make the side or partition in which
there is no light liquid several times the width and breadth of the other compart-
ment, or only same size, or the liquid containing compartment the largest at
bottom so that on the liquid on the other side pressing the mercury up, it will
only be raised slightly higher in the empty compartment, thus, less height and less
difficulty for the loaded cylinders descending down the empty column into mercury
to overcome on having to pass through that but little higher column of the

page_text: mercury to further help this motor 'I vaim at preventing the water or liquid
column on the one side forcing its way between. the metal (bottoin part of reservoir
or wheel air chamber) and the mercury by causing the cylinders to plunge deeper
down into the mercury or heavy liquid or soft liquified material or substance, this
by the means of guide rails, on which the cylinders roll along, the covers of the
cylinders having a projecting edge or rim all around and where required, or by
means of the pulley wheel in the air chamber as explained into which the mercury
forces itself to a higher level compressing the air therein, or by the means of a check,
or stop, or bell, or cavity, placed with its open end or mouth on the water column
side, so that firstly the water would force itself therein, before going down lower,
and through the greater volume of the mercury, or any other means, suitable to
this end, may be employed; such a check or chamber with its open end placed
upwardly to water side may be placed all around, inside the tube or partition, or
compartment, in which the liquid pressure takes place tending to displace said
mercury; or the division, in which the light liquid is placed, can be in toto the
same as the division in which there is no light liquid and between the cylinders,
conical or other shape blocks fixed to the chains can be placed, or rollers, thus
saving the bulk of mercury. To keep the tank of this motor filled on the one side
with the liquid, a ball cock, or tap system, would be placed above it, and in the
empty partition side, above the heavy liquid level an opening is left so that the
light liquid may run away to waste in a side tank and a float with rod attached
having a gear or friction wheel at its end may gear with the motor wheel on the
rising of water in tank, pumping water into the one side, or by means of pumps
actuated, or not, by the motor may be repumped into that side of the tank forming
the liquid column, and with all other parts, as described and illustrated, in
Patent 8656 of '92 can be used with the present. Lubricating devices would be
provided for, and brakes, etc., also provided as in said patent. The salient point
in this motor being that instead of buoyancy weight is preferably employed,
although the two can be combined, as will be bereafter described. For giving
motion to other machinery, gear, or other known systems can be employed; or the
pulley, or pulleys, or wheels placed above the tank (in which the cylinders going
around and with the same are engaged between projections, grooves, or the like)
would gear with levers, or with the outer periphery of a large wheel, which in turn
would from a disc attached at centre drive other wheels, or mechanism, such as sun
and planet motion or lazy tongues, or other mechanical actions, to give the
required speed. The weighted cylinders, etc., as described can also be used with
the wheels as shown in the 1892 Patent 8656 utilizing the loaded cylinders us
weight, to be in the empty compartment, and on the levers of the wheels as
buoyancy, in exact proportions; or arranging their weight to be on the wheel, or
wheels, and to ascend in the partition as buoyancy which partition in this case
would be filled with the light liquid, these cylinders being guided by chains, bands,
ropes, etc., etc., or being placed simply one above the other and not held together,
.or guided by such bands, ropes chains, etc., etc., I find that if a weight of 50 lbs. is
the equivalent to the entire circle of the cylinders filled with liquid, placed
around the top pulley, or wheel, and down the empty compartment, and through
the heavy liquid and through the column of light liquid, rejoining those
cylinders on the top pulley and tied or united to these, forming thus an endless
band; I have an equal weight of 25 lbs. on each side with cylinders on top pulley,
25 lbs. are supported in the light liquid and mercury and count as nothing bar
mercury power; the other 25 lbs. being unsupported in the air compartment and
having to only penetrate through a certain height of surplus mercury, half or
about half of this 25 lbs. weight is thereby taken off, there remains therefore
12 to 13 lbs., or more, as power; if instead of lbs. the weight is represented by
tons the surplus weight or power is always the same comparatively and
proportionately vic... one quarter or more as driving power.
As another modification of my motor 22868 of 1893, to make it more effective
place in preference the cylinders, vanes, or pockets around the rim of.a wheel

page_text: inside an annular space or air chamber, and in any position such pockets, etc., being
BO shaped and protected, that the pressure of the liquid on the ascending side of
the wheel does not weigh, on tops or heads, to prevent them from rising in the
liquid, and the action of the mercury on taking place as therein explained, to
draw air into the pockets, or cylinders, can further be helped by the wheel, or
wheels, on revolving actuating a system of quadruple air pumps, worked by the
means of air balls each in its chamber with the aid of mercury, or other fluid or
liquid, compressing air into a storage reservoir for the purpose, and therefrom
supplied to the wheel through the central hollow hab and through the hollow spokes,
or the whole of the wheel being hollow, to the pockets, or vanes supplied with flap
valves or others balanced from centre and actuated mechanically or not filling them
with air thus helping the mercury to drop out of them (each cylinder, or pocket,
having an opening or mouth) and rendering them light or bunyant; or any other
kind of pumping system can be used on the other side of the wheel (or descending
side) the pockets are charged with liquid by the cylinders' openings or mouths, .
therefore form weight so placed in the annular air chamber; each pocket, or vane,
or cylinder is separated from the other inside air chainber, so that they are
unsupported and not touching one another and thus each separately supports its
own charge of liquid and its own charge of air for they are placed preferably one
above the other or in any other manner best suited, in the annular space or air
chamber; to ease the passage of the pockets through the mercury valves, may be
arranged that will open to the mercury, displacing the light liquid, and be made to
close with catch mechanism upon reaching the surface of the mercury on the rising
side of the wheel when the mercury will be forced higher on that side in the one
pocket, on account of the pushing power of the light liquid in the tank and atop
of the mercury, thus pushing that pocket, and one after the other at a time out of
the mercury level; the mercury contained in the pocket or cylinder dropping out
through open mouth that can open out wider, or close up, by flap valves or the like,
drawing air therein through flap valves, etc., (air being supplied from hollow wheel
or hollow spokes, from outside of the wheel or air chambers, or otherwise) as also
by the action of the pump, or pumps, forcing air, and motor can be supported by
light or heavy liquid in a trough aud by air drums from centre; instead of mercury
and light liquid, fight liquid alone can be used, and the pockets or cylinders would
contain each a heavy piston which on the ascending side of the wheel would
descend to the mouth of the cylinder expelling the liquid and drawing air behind
it into the cylinder from centre of wheel and would render it buoyant; on
descending side the piston on travelling down its course, in cylinder, would receive
a charge of liquid on top filling cylinder, at the same time expelling the air
contained in cylinder into centre of wheel; if mercury be employed in addition to
the light liquid, light pistons, that would be caught by a catch mechanism and
released top of wheel, or when required, on the going down side, could be used;
the same. arrangements as above described could be used, with the employment of
hollow metallic or other bands travelling endless wise on two pulleys, one placed
above the other, and with light and heavy liquid in the tank, and light
pistons in the cylinders, or with heavy pistons and the use of one liquid
only again such band can be used containing light liquid inwardly and the
cylinders would contain heavy pistons; on the descending side, the pistons
at end of their course, in the cylinders, would be filled with liquid from
interior of band and on the ascending side the pistons would have forced back the
liquid into the metallic tube or band, the other, or open end of cylinder would let
air into cylinder freely this last described would work without liquid in a tank.
A druin or annular chamber on the spokes of a wheel, can be constructed that
would have pipes, square, round, or any other shape, preferably close to one
another placed through the two side partitions of drum, and at centre thereof,.
with their open ends projecting through said sides, or partitions; inside the drum
mercury would be poured by proper screw down opening, so as to cover bottom of
drum to a given height, then on one side only lighter liquid would be poured in

page_text: this and would drive mercury on other side higher; inside this annular chamber
or space all around the top and bottom circles thereof could or would be placed
blocks, or checks, of required shape hollow, or full, that would dip down into the
mercury thus to prevent the light liquid passing between the top metal part of the
annular chamber and the mercury (these blocks being preferably placed conical
shape between the cylinders but not touching, so as to save the bulk of mercury)
on the wheel revolving this annular chamber is supported by spokes, and the
hub of the wheel at centre is supported by its pivots on proper supports: the
wheel and supports are placed in a tank containing light liquid and as the liquid
enters the cylinders through their open ends all around the wheel, ou one side of
the annular chamber those thus filled, resting upon liquid coutained in the wheel,
count as nothing: whilst on the other side of the wheel the liquid in said cylinders
in the air chamber being unsupported forms a weight and the wheel revolves, to
prevent water entering air chamber wiping rollers are used, a float or floats on
the mercury hold up rods to which revolving rollers are attached on cylinders
passing between these the moisture is taken off and remains in light liquid side of
wheel, or ends of cylinders would be closed (liquid being in every one of the
cylinders) and liquid contained in a tank, or not, could support the wheel, as can
also mercury bottom of tank; instead of water contained in the tank; partitions,
or annular chamber, or chambers, ou the wheel at sides thereof can contain the
liquid (to take light liquid out of compartment in the wheel air chamber in which
it should not be a syphon system can also be used fitted through centre of hub of
the wheel) and the wheel would in this case have a hollow drum on each side, at
centre, which would float in light or heavy liquid, for support, in vessels for that
purpose to take the weight off the pivots of said wheel, and ball bearings, or any
other kinds of anti-friction bearings could be used; the wheel can be made with
such pockets, vanes, cylinders, etc., on a circular plan with spaces between such
rollers, or cylinders, or all touching and adjoining each other, and the liquid,
material, metal, or substance, therein contained would only be separated by inside
divisions, or partitions, from each other, in the circumference of the circle: as I
have stated instead of liquid in the cylinders, I can use any kind of hollow or full
metal, meterial, or substance, to form the requisite weight though by preference
I use liquid in all the cylinders, to correspond with the liquid in which they float
on the one side of the wheel as thereby more power is obtained.
With the collapsible boxes Patent 22868 of '93, whose large part, or head, rises
in the liquid on the one side of the wheel, thus making a lift power, I can place
pistons inside the wheel, in cylinders, these pistons will be weighted, and when falling
will force the air out of the cylinders into the collapsible boxes thus helping the larger
part or head of the box to rise, making that side of the wheel buoyant, and on other
side of wheel, the pressure on taking place under the head of the box closes it up,
the heavy piston in the cylinder, inside the wheel, falling at the same time draws
the air out of the collapsible box, therefore, it being reduced to a small size it will
offer less resistance in its passage through the water; the same mode of working
this can be applied to hollow metallic or other bands. Weighted pistons can be
used in cylinders around a wheel, or on an endless band, and when such pistons
descend they would force the liquid in front of them out of the cylinders, drawing
in air behind then, in the cylinders from the interior of the wheel, or the hollow
endless band, or such weighted or light pistons iu the wheel, where light liquiä
exists only on one side of said wheel, would travel up or down their cylinders, and
water from inside of bands or wheels, or tank, would enter cylinders on descending
side; on cylinders going through the mercury this would force water out of them
into the wheel, or tank, or band, and on pistons attaining the other side of the
anercury, past the dead centre line, the mercury would draw back such pistons;
on the said wheel revolving, and air only by means of special flaps or other valves
(such air being supplied from an annular circle, or chamber, around the wheel, or
from hollow centre of wheel, and hollow huts, taking such air from outside, and
means for allowing inlet and exit of such air) would be admitted to fill up the

page_text: cylinders rendering them buoyant, such air being expelled on other sile, and water
admitted, thus, weight and buoyancy power is obtained; the wheel as described can
have cylinders open at both ends, in an annular chamber, and protruding through the
side partitions of the said annular chamber; water is placed all on one side, and
the mercury is only raised a little higher on the other side of the wheel, the outside
of the wheel is enclosed in another such annular partition, or chamber, and mercury
is poured in at bottom thereof, and water is placed in the contrary direction to the
one of the inside annular chamber, thus, weight is obtained on one side of the
wheel, and buoyancy on the other side of said wheel or both the water and
mercury can be placed on the same side of the wheel, in the inside and outside
annular chambers, and by pouring more light liquid in one than the other annular
chambers, preferably in the outside chamber, or chambers, this forces one column
of mercury higher up than the other, and as such mercury enters one or two of the
empty cylinders (in air chamber side) open at both ends, they are brought down
by this weight, and the wheel revolves. It is obvious that the cylinders, with or
without light or heavy pistons, or open at, or closed, both ends, instead of travelling
through the mercury, with water in them, can also descend into and through
mercury, which will fill and surround them leaving the lighter liquid always.
behind, so, the difficulty of cylinders being driven through mercury, with water
contained in them, will be reduced if mercury is also in them, thus having only
the metal to force down through the mercury and any one or two light and heavy
or all light or heavy liquids, may be inside, and outside or outside, or around the
cylinders; or wheel, or band, or both, and in the tank, or not. Instead of mercury
water only may act, as power, to react upon pistons placed into cylinders, so as to
create buoyancy and weight: preferably I form a wheel with two partitions,
forming a compartment, occupying the central position of a wheel, in this I pour
water to a greater given height; all around the rims, on outside of these central
partitions, are openings into which the open ends of hollow cylinders fit, these
cylinders are supplied with pistons, one in each preferably these pistons are
attached by rods, lazy tongues, or other systems of levers, to other pistons, which
in their turn are placed into other cylinders, such cylinders being fitted with
partitions, or pipes, forming air ways to them; ou pressure of liquid taking place
in central compartment, where there is as said a greater height of liquid: the
pistons in cylinders attached to said compartment are pushed forward and they
push forward the pistons in the cylinders in the outer space of the central com-
partment, expelling the liquid therefrom, and drawing air into them, so, rendering
them buoyant, or they may draw those pistous out the reverse way by proper
mechanism, the air supply to fill them, in this case being reversed, it is when the
piston is down, in bottom cylinder, attached to outside of central compartment
(past the dead centre line) that it is to be released by mechanical means or otherwise,
as then the extra full pressure of the liquid, contained in the central chamber, or
compartment, is exercised, overcoming the other pressure of liquid, of a lesser
height, on the other or outer space of the central compartment, and admitting air
to ibose cylinders through their pistons being actuated as said; at top of the
wheel, the pressure of liquid simply sends the pistons in cylinders attached to
outer sides of central compartment back again to end of their course, filling them,
allowing the liquid also to re-enter the cylinders on outer space of central com-
partment, as they descend into the lower level of liquid, in the outside space of
central compartment; such wheel can be self containing of liquid, being encased,
and the wheel can revolve into a tank full of liquid, to correspond in height to
that contained in the higher central compartment and to ease its motion, I place a
hollow air drum, from centre, on each side of the wheel: this will take the weight
and friction off the pivots on the supports; there are many other ways of carrying
out this invention, such as placing one row of cylinders lower down than the
others all around the wheel and thus obtaining the extra column or height of
liquid, and working the pistons in one or the other, and in one and the other
directions, by auy known mechanical means; instead of the liquid, in the outer

page_text: compartment with lesser height column of liquid therein having to be fought
against as back -pressure, the liquid chased out of the cylinder, into which air
compressed or ambiant bas entered, would be made to fill up the top part of a
cylinder whose piston weighted, or light, (forced down) has descended displacing
the water in the wheel; on the going down side of the wheel, from top part of
wheel, this piston would travel the other way repelling the water into the cylinder,
and with water from the wheel on its upper side, or other such means, and devices,
would be employed. Where weighted pistons would be employed, so that they
should not be of an inordinate length, I would preferably load them with mercury,
when their bulk would then be considerably reduced, and thus pockets, vanes, or
cylinders could be placed close, or closer together.
I do not enter into minute details, as these are fully describe i in Patents 8656
of '92 and 22868 of '93, and all I wish to say in the preceeding pages, is for the
purpose of proving haw, with the foregoing improvements the motor with air and
Jiqht liquid charged cylinders and with pistons added and light and heavy liquid;
or air charged cylinders and light, or heavy pistous, and light liquid alone;
or cylinders with light liquid contained and light liquid and mercury alone: with
the help of light, or heavy pistons, in one or the two liquids, and in the various
ways I have described, is to be constructed, and utilised, for the purpose of giving
rotary motion and required power and energy to the motor.
Dated this 24th day of March 1896..
GEORGES JUSTIN JOSEPH LEGRAND.
I GEORGES JUSTIN JOSEPH LEGRAND, Merchant, of 343 Holloway Road
London N. do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My present invention has for its object more particularly modifications or
improvements in the motors embraced in Patents No. 8656 granted to me on the
7th May 1892 and No. 22868 granted to me on the 29th Nov. 1893.
. Referring to the motor embraced in the earlier of the above mentioned patents
I find by experiment that better results are obtained if the moving cylinders or the
like instead of being empty and utilized as floats are filled with water or other
liquid or otherwise weighted and the weight of these utilized for generating motive
power for operating suitable parts, said cylinders or the like being arranged for
this purpose to move downwards through an empty tube, pass from thence through
a. tube containing a heavy liquid and then up through water or other like liquid.
-The improvements or modifications of the motor described in the second of the
above mentioned patents consiste essentially in the arrangements of the cylinders
or the like so that they do not project (and that weight of column of liquid does not
weigh upon them) from the periphery of the wheel or drum to which they are
attached and the weight of the column of liquid press directly on them as they
ascend empty through a light liquid acting as floats after descending charged with
such light liquid and being emptied thereof by passing through, a bath of heavier
liquid placed below the lighter.
In order that these modifications or improvements may be better understood and
more easily carried into practical effect I will describe them by the aid of the
accompanying illustrations but it will be understood that the same results can be

page_text: obtained by the aid of other equivalent mechanical means than those shown aul
I do not therefore confine myself solely to these.
Of these drawings Fig. 1 is a side sectional elevation of a-motor embracing the
modifications or improvements of the motor forming the subject of the earlier of
the above mentioned patents and Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, & 7 similar and other views
of other motors embracing the modifications or improvement of both of the patents
referred to.
The motor illustrated by Fig. 1 consists essentially of a vessel a filled or partly
filled with water or other light liquid in which a number of cylinders, balls or the
like b either filled with water or otherwise weighted are arranged to travel with or
without an endless band c to which they are attached to and from and over two
pulleys d d Figure 1.
During this travel said cylinders or the like pass down an otherwise empty
tube e supplied with escape water pipe at bottom thence through a tube f
communicating with the lower end of this and containing mercury or other heavy
liquid and then upwards through the light liquid.
:
The consequence of this movement and arrangement is that the weight of said
cylinders as they descend through the empty tube and as they ascend through the
heavy liquid is sufficient to force them down through the heavy liquid and upwards
through the light liquid the specific gravity of which is the same as their contents
but to leave a balance of power which may be utilized as may be desired.
To decrease the difference in the levels of the mercury in the tube f owing to
the pressure of water one end thereof and consequently to minimise the distance of
the downward travel of the cylinders or the like through the heavy liquid
I increase the size of that end of said tube fat that end communicating with the
lower end of the empty tube e.
The motor shown in sectional elevation, Fig. 2 embraces improvements on that
embodied in the second of the two above mentioned patents. In this case a wheel
or drum g is mounted to revolve in a vessel containing a light and heavy liquid
but instead of cylinders being attached to and projecting from the periphery of
said wheel described in said patent these are so constructed and arranged as to.
form cavities in an annular air chamber in the periphery of said drum or wheel..
Each of these cavities has one end (preferably, as shown, the smallest) open whilst
at its opposite end it is provided with an air inlet valve i, communicating with the
hollow centre k of the drum and hollow axle with the atmosphere or other gas.
supply under pressure or not and a liquid inlet valve m the spindles of these valves
being operated by fixed guides or otherwise so that the latter are opened only
before or as the cavities are decending below the level of the heavy liquid whilst.
the former are opened only during the period the heavy liquid with which the
cavities have been previously filled is escaping from the latter. Mercury may also
be placed in and at bottone of the annular air chamber there keeping a level
line.
The wheel or drum 9 revolves in such direction that the cavities are filled with
the lighter liquid as they descend until they reach and pass into. the heavy liquid,
when the vaives m open and allow the heavy liquid to take the place of the light.
liquid but close immediately this has taken place.
The cavities so charged pass through the beavy liquid and ultimately ascend
pushed up by the mercury driven by the water pressure.
During the latter stage the air valves i open allowing air to take the place of the
heavy liquid as it leaves the cavities whose mouths supplied with pivoted flaps of
required shape open out wider for this purpose but said valves close again before.
the light liquid can enter the cylinders. The cavities thus ascend charged with air
or gas and acting as floats generate power.
As a modification of this arrangement the cavities instead of being made to taper
froin end to end as shown in Fig. 2 they may be made of uniform size throughout.
their length as shown in Fig. 3, and pistons n are arranged to so slide in them so.
that during the descent of said cavities charged with water the pistons are situated.

page_text: at the closed ends of said cavities but slide to the opposite ends of the cavities
expelling water as these ascend and so prevent the lighter liquid entering the latter
until they again commence to ascend when the air valves will be opened and closed
as and when required to permit of this. With such an arrangement the heavy
liquid may be dispensed with if the pistons are sufficiently weighted with mercury
in then to enable them to discharge the light liquid from the cavities as the pistons
descend to the open ends of said cavities during the ascent of the latter and light
pistons may be used with action of mercury underneath them and with catch and
release mechanism and air ways to open and close as and when required.
When such pistons or pistons and mercury or mercury alone are employed in the
cylinders these latter instead of forming cavities in the periphery of a drum or
wheel may be attached outside or inside an endless band as shown in Fig. I said
band however being in the form of flexible piping so that the necessary air may be
supplied through it from the interior or the exterior by air pipes, and worked as
above described in all different ways.
Where drums are employed the dead weight or lightness of these may be
supported or weighted by attaching annular or other air floats or weight if required
to the axle thereof within the vessel containing said wheel or drum or wheel itself
is made light or heavy according to requirements.
The further modified motor as shown is side and end sectional elevations in
Figures 4 and 5 respectively.
This is constructed of a drum a suitably mounted and having arranged (to
preferably revolve in a tank full of water) in an annular cavity b in it a number of
cylinders c communicating at one end with a space d in which is placed water and
mercury or other light and heavy liquids one above the other. The heavy liquid
supports the column of water in annular cavity B with cylinders in one side of the
wheel, the opposite side being empty and it will thus be seen that as the drum
revolves the cylinders will be filled with water as they descend but in passing
through the mercury the water will be expelled by the entrance of the mercury
preferably through a float valve e or by pistons working in cylinders so that after
the surface of said mercury they will ascend filled with light liquid inside
and around them.
The motor illustrated by Figs. 6 and 7 in side and eud sectional elevation
respectively operates in a similar manner to the above but in order that a single
liquid may be used two drums a A' and two sets of cylinders 6 are employed. In
each of said cylinders a piston c works those of one set of cylinders being connected
to those immediately opposite them of the other set of rod d.
The one set of cylinders communicates outer end with water in the tank and
inner end with an air space in the drum a' whilst those of the other set communicate
with water in the tank and with a liquid space in the drums a water being also in
a closed compartment around cylinders communicating with the drum a, as
shown.
The difference in the liquid level in the drum a and that surrounding the drums
in water tank is such that the difference in the pressure will operate the pistons as
the drums revolve so that as the cylinders are descending those in drum a will be
filled with liquid from high column side and those in a¹ empty A¹ on ascending side
whilst the other half of drum A' will be still full of liquid supplied by the tank
until the power from pistons in compartment a operates them.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.
1. A motor and modification thereof substantially as described with reference to
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings.
2. A motor and modification thereof substantially as described with reference to
Fig. 2 of the accompanying drawings.

page_text: 3. A motor and modification thereof substantially as described with reference to
Fig. 3. of the accompanying drawings.
4. A motor and modification thereof substantially as described with reference to
Figs. 4 and 5 of the accompanying drawings.
5. A motor and modification thereof substantially as described with reference to
Figs. 6 and 7 of the accompanying drawings.
6. A motor and any modifications thereof substantially as described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings and in the Provisional and Complete
Specifications of this patent.
Dated this 24th day of December 1896.
GEORGES JUSTIN JOSEPH LEGRAND.