IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES, AND DRAIN PIPES OR TUBES
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Hudson, of Halifax, and Thomas Bam-
ford Hudson, of Malton, both in the County of York, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES,
AND DRAIN PIPES OR TUBES."
Sealed the 16th April 1858, and dated the 22d February 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Hudson and
Thomas Bamford Hudson at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 22d February 1853.
WE, JAMES HUDSON and THOMAS BAMFORD HUDSON, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES, AND DRAIN PIPES OR TUBES" to be as
follows:-
The improvements relate to the means of giving form to the articles,
to means of moving the formed articles away when formed in order
to others being continuously made, and to the means of effecting the

page_text: required movements. A screw or other suitable means forces the plastic
material on to a reciprocating plate with upright projections, which
determine the length of the brick or tile to be made, whilst the framing
on one side, and a loose plunger or shifting side on the other, govern
their width. This reciprocating plate is thus divided into several
compartments in the direction of its length, and is so controlled in its
movement that, whilst some of such compartments are receiving the
plastic material, others are having the moulded forms removed there-
from, ready to receive other forms when such compartments are again
in position to receive plastic material. The loose plunger or shifting
side acts to give compression to the plastic material as it is forced to
the compartments. Other parts acting with the loose plunger or
shifting side remove those forms previously made on to an endless
apron or other suitable receiver.
The lower edges at each end of the chamber. (which contains the
plastic material to be moulded, and) through which the reciprocating
plate, with its compartments, moves, act as dies to aid in giving form
to the brick or tile to be produced. Screw threads, formed on revolv-
ing cylinders, and traversing in both directions thereof, receive pro-
jections attached to the principal moving parts to give motion thereto.
In making tubes or pipes, an upright projection on the reciprocating
plate forces the plastic material through suitable moulding orifices.
Wires or other cutters are governed to cut such tubes or pipes to the
required length.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 2
filed by the said James Hudson and Thomas Bamford Hudson, in
the Great Seal Patent Office, on the 22d August 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we,
JAMES HUDSON, of Halifax, and THOMAS BAMFORD HUDSON, of Malton,
both in the County of York, send greeting.
8

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent bearing date the Twenty-second day of February in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
sixteenth year of Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said James Hudson and Thomas Bamford
Hudson, Her especial licence that we, the said James Hudson and
Thomas Bamford Hudson, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said James Hudson and Thomas Bamford
Hudson, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter.
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES, AND DRAIN PIPES
OR TUBES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said James
Hudson and Thomas Bamford Hudson, by an instrument in writing
under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, James Hudson and Thomas Bamford
Hudson, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is
to say:
Our improvements in the manufacture of bricks, tiles, and drain
pipes or tubes, apply when manufacturing those articles by mechanical
means, and relate to certain novel arrangements and combinations of
parts employed to give form to the articles, and, when the articles are
formed, to means for moving those articles out of the way in order to
others being produced, and to certain arrangements of parts by which
the desired movements are effected.

page_text: But that the Invention may bo fully understood we will proceed to
describe the drawings hereto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1, shows a front view; Figure 2, an end view; Figure 3, a
section of parts; Figure 4, a plan of apparatus according to our Inven-
tion for the manufacture of bricks. a, a, is the framing of the machine.
b, is the main shaft or axis by which movement is communicated to the
various parts; this shaft or axis b, receives motion from a steam-
engine or other suitable power by means of a strap or band acting upon
the fixed drum or pulley b, affixed on the axis b; and b³, is a loose
pulley to shift the driving-strap on to when the machine is out of
motion. c, is a hopper into which the plastic material is placed, and
from which it is forced into the forms required; and we would here
state, that the clay used should be well mixed and freed by screening
from stones and other obstructing matters previous to being placed in
this machine. d, d, d, are screw-blades, which serve to force the plastic
material down to the moulding forms. These screws are affixed to or
formed on shafts d', d', d', which at their lower ends are supported so
as to turn in bearings formed on the plate e; and at their upper ends
theso shafts or axes d', turn in bearings f, and have fixed on them
toothed wheels d², by which they receive rotatory motion, as will be
hereafter described.
The plastic material supplied to the hopper c, and forced down by
the screws d, is received into compartments formed in the reciprocating
plate or frame g, which is shown to have six compartments; but this
number may be varied, and according to the arrangement shown there
will always be three of such compartments within the lower part of the
hopper c, for the purpose of receiving the plastic material, whilst three
of such compartments will be outside thereof, and in the working of the
apparatus be in position to have the plastic material that has just been
forced into such compartments forced therefrom. For this purpose the
frame g, has a reciprocating movement given to it to and fro through
the lower part of the hopper c, with rests between each movement for the
forcing in of the plastic material into one set of compartments to form

page_text: one series of article, and also to force out those previously made from
the other set of compartments; and these movements to the frame g, are
effected by means of the peculiarly formed thread or band g', on the
drum g, which is affixed on the main axis b, there being a grooved
runner g, which embraces the thread or band g', so as to move along
such thread or band 9', as the cylinder g³, rotates with its axis 6; and a
pin or projection g', from the runner 9³, passes into the slide g, causing
that slide to move to and fro lengthwise of the machine. It will be
seen that the band or thread g', is in effect continuous, crossing itself
as it passes round the cylinder g, there being portions thereof cut away
at the crossing points which admit of the projecting sides of the
runner g, freely passing. Compression is given to the plastic material
forced into the compartments in the slide g, by means of a plunger
or shifting-plate h, which also, with the fixed plate c', completes the
form of the brick; and during such forcing in of the plunger or loose
side h, to force plastic material into the compartments in the recipro-
cating plate or slido g, that slide 9, is, by the peculiar form of the
thread or band g', caused to be at rest. In the sliding out of the filled
compartments from the lower part of the hopper c, the edges c', of the
openings in the sides of the hopper through which the plate g, with its
compartments slides, serve as scrapers to remove any superfluous
quantity of the plastic material. The plunger h, is formed on or affixed
to the plate h', which is affixed to the plate h; and this plate h³, is
guided by the dove-tailed guides a', a', affixed to the framing a;
whilst the plate ³, has a to-and-fro movement given to it by an
arrangement of parts similar to that by which the movement of the
plate g, is effected, there being a runner h³, with a pin h*, projecting up
into the plate h', and which has projections which embrace the thread
or band h, formed around the drum he, which is affixed to the axis h',
which is supported in bearings as shown, and receives rotary motion
from the axis b, by means of the bevelled wheel &, on that axis, taking
into a light wheel h³, affixed on the axis h'. The plate h³, is continued
on each side of the machine, and has affixed to it forcers i, which on
one or other side alternately force out the forms just produced in three
of the compartments of the reciprocating plate 9, whilst the other three

page_text: compartments are being filled to have their forms removed at the next
operation. Upon the axis h', is also affixed the bevelled toothed
wheel d³, which takes into and drives the bevelled toothed wheel d*,
upon the axis &, which is supported by the framing as shown, and
carries a toothed wheel do, which, by means of the intermediate wheels
d', ds, gives motion to toothed wheels da, affixed on the axes of the
screws d. The forms, as they are forced from the compartments in the
reciprocating plate g, are received on to boards shown by the dotted
lines k, or they may be received on to endless travelling aprons. When
required to use the machine for producing tiles, drain pipes or tubes,
and also perforated or hollow bricks, we dispense with the reciprocating
plate g, and parts acting therewith, and apply suitable moulding orifices,
such as are well understood when producing such forms from other
machines where moulding orifices are used, to a plate placed in the
position of the plate c', and we close the openings in the sides of the
hopper c, through which the plate g, passes; the shifting plunger or
plate h, controlled in its movement as before explained, being used to
force the plastic material through such moulding orifices.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, we would
have it understood that we do not confine ourselves to the precise
details herein explained:
But what we claim is the mode of arranging and combining parts
into a machine for the manufacture of bricks, tiles, and drain pipes or
tubes, as explained.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Hudson and Thomas
Bamford Hudson, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Nineteenth day of August in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-three.