AN IMPROVED METHOD OF INCREASING THE STRENGTH OF STEEL AND WROUGHT IRON
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Theophilus Alexander Blakely, Captain, Half-pay,
Royal Artillery, of Holywood, County Down, for the Invention of "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF INCREASING THE STRENGTH OF STEEL AND WROUGHT
IRON."
Sealed the 7th May 1861, and dated the 14th November 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Theophilus Alexander
Blakely at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 14th November 1860.
I, THEOPHILUS ALEXANDER BLAKELY, Captain, Half-pay, Royal Artillery,
of Holywood, County Down, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF INCREASING THE STRENGTH OF STEEL AND
WROUGHT IRON," to be as follows:-
My Invention applies particularly to bars and hoops or rings of steel and
iron, and consists in bringing them to a dull red heat, and in that state
extending or pulling them out in the direction in which the increase of strength
is required. I apply the pulling strain until they are cold, or nearly so.
When cold, the bars or hoops will be found to have increased in tensile
strength.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Theophilus Alexander Blakely in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 14th May 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THEOPHILUS
ALEXANDER BLAKELY, Captain, Half-pay, Royal Artillery, of Holywood, County
Down, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Theophilus Alexander Blakely, Her special licence that I, the said
Theophilus Alexander Blakely, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Theophilus Alexander Blakely, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might. make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF INCREASING THE STRENGTH OF
STEEL AND WROUGHT IRON," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Theophilus Alexander Blakely, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Theophilus Alexander Blakely, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention applies particularly to bars and hoops or rings of steel and
iron, and consists in bringing them to a dull red heat, and in that state
extending or pulling them out in the direction in which the increase of
strength is required. I apply the pulling strain until they are cold, or nearly
When cold, the bars or hoops will be found to have increased in tensile
strength.
So.
The pulling or extending may be effected in any ordinary manner, but in
the extension of hoops, whether intended for the hooping of guns, or to be
used as tyres of wheels, or otherwise, I prefer to extend them by driving in

page_text: an expanding mandril by hydraulic, steam, or other power.
Dies may be
used for giving shape to the exterior, and the mandril may be made to give
shape to the interior of the hoops, but the giving shape to the hoops forms no
part of my present Invention.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim increasing the
strength of bars and hoops or rings of steel and wrought iron, in manner
herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Theophilus Alexander Blakely, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of May, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
T. A. BLAKELY.
(L.8.)