IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RUNNERS AND TOP NOTCHES FOR UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS, AND FERRULES FOR UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND WALKING STICKS, AND IN MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RUNNERS AND TOP NOTCHES FOR UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS, AND FOR SHAPING METALS FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Gayford Lusher, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Machinist, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF RUNNERS AND TOP NOTCHES FOR UMBRELLAS AND
PARASOLS, AND FERRULES FOR UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND WALKING
STICKS, AND IN MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RUNNERS
AND TOP NOTCHES FOR UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS, AND FOR SHAPING
METALS FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Gayford Lusher
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th November 1880.
GEORGE GAYFORD LUSHER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Machinist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RUNNERS AND TOP
NOTCHES FOR UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS, AND FERRULES FOR UMBRELLAS,
PARASOLS AND WALKING STICKS, AND IN MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF RUNNERS AND TOP NOTCHES FOR UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS,
AND FOR SHAPING METALS FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
I will describe my improvements in the manufacture of runners and top notches
for umbrellas and parasols in connection with the manufacture of the said runners
by the use of machinery containing my improvements.
I take a tube of brass or other ductile metal or alloy, the said tube being open
at both ends, and having a portion at one end of somewhat larger diameter than
the remaining portion. The portion of larger diameter has about the diameter of
the notch to be made, and constitutes about one fifth of the length of the tube.
The tube is placed with its larger end upwards upon a peg or mandril on the fixed
bed of the machine, the mandril occupying only the portion of the tube of small
diameter. Around the mandril are six or other number of nearly vertical arms,
jointed at their lower ends to the bed of the machine. Their upper ends are
turned inwards horizontally in the plane in which a contraction is to be made
in the expanded part of the tube, the turned in ends being flat and having concave
edges.
These arms when at liberty to move take a vertical position by the action on
them of springs. Over the mandril is a moveable die or tool carried by the

page_text: vertically sliding bolt or ram of the machine. The under acting side of the die is
hollow and conical, and when the said tool descends the hollow cone embraces and
forces inwards the arms described. The said arms acting on the enlarged part of
the tube produce a constriction at about the middle of the said enlarged part. In
the axis of the hollow cone described is a peg or tool, the lower acting end of
which is conical and of larger diameter than the end of the tube being operated
upon. This too! descending with the hollow conical die enters and expands the
open top of the tube at the same time that the constriction described is being pro-
duced. The partially formed runner thus made is subsequently operated upon so
as to bring its expanded end into a plane at right angles to its axis, and to flatten
and press together the sides of the bulbous part formed by the constriction. There
is thus produced the two flanges and the groove of the runner, the finishing of
which is effected in the ordinary way.
Top notches are made in the same way as runners, excepting that the tube
operated upon is shorter.
The machinery described may be used for expanding the ends of tubes and for
producing constrictions in tubes for purposes other than the manufacture of
runners and top notches for umbrellas and parasols, such, for example, as bag-
rings.
In making ferrules for umbrellas, parasols, and walking sticks according to my
Invention, I take a tube closed at one end and made by the drawing through
process. I place the taper iron tip in the bottom of the tube, the small end of the
tip being downwards. By means of dies and pressure I give to the tube a taper
figure, contracting it from its open to its closed end. The pressure applied to the
tube forces the metal near its closed end tightly around the conical tip, and at the
same time forms an internal shoulder above it, so that when the closed end of
the tube is removed by turning a lathe the tip is held securely in the tube.
If the tip is required to project beyond the barrel of the ferrule, I make the tip
with a terminal expanded part of the size it is intended the bottom of the ferrule
shall have. The ferrule tube is pierced out so as to leave a narrow ring of metal all
round, and the tube thus pierced is placed on a taper peg, the said taper peg being
one of the tools for tapering the tube. The small end of the iron tip is placed on
the aperture pierced in the end of the tube. A hollow tapering die is now forced
over the whole, and by the pressure thus applied the tube is tapered and the
smaller end of the tip securely fixed in the small end of the ferrule, thus forming a
ferrule with a projecting iron end.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Gayford Lusher in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3rd
May 1881.
GEORGE GAYFORD LUSHER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick
Machinist. " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RUNNERS AND TOP
NOTCHES FOR UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS, AND FERRULES FOR UMBRELLAS,
PARASOLS, AND WALKING STICKS, AND IN MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF RUNNERS AND TOP NOTCHES FOR UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS,
AND FOR SHAPING METALS FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
I will describe my improvements in the manufacture of runners and top notches
for umbrellas and parasols in connection with the manufacture of the said runners
by the use of machinery containing my improvements.
The
I take a tube of brass or other ductile metal or alloy, the said tube being open at
both ends, and having a portion at one end of somewhat larger diameter than the
remaining portion. The portion of larger diameter has about the diameter of the
notch to be made, and constitutes about one fifth of the length of the tube.
tube is placed with its larger end upwards upon a peg or mandrel on the fixed bed
of, the machine, the mandril occupying only the portion of the tube of small diameter.
Around the mandril are six or, other number of nearly vertical arms, jointed at
their lower ends to the bed of the machine.
Their upper ends are turned inwards horizontally in the plane in which a con-
traction is to be made in the expanded part of the tube, the turned in ends being
flat and having concave edges. These arms when at liberty to move take a vertical
position by the action on them of springs. Over the mandril is a moveable die or
tool carried by the vertically sliding bolt or ram of the machine. The under acting
side of the die is hollow and conical, and when the said tool descends the hollow
cone embraces and forces inwards the arms described.
The said arms acting on the enlarged part of tube produce a constriction at about
the middle of the said enlarged part. In the axis of the hollow cone described is a
peg or tool, the lower acting end of which is conical and of larger diameter than the
end of the tube being operated upon. This tool descending with the hollow conical
die enters and expands the opentop of the tube at the same time that the constriction
described is being produced. The partially formed runner thus made is subsequently
operated upon so as to bring its expanded end into a plane at right angles to it
axis and to flatten and press together the sides of the bulbous part formed by the
constriction. There is thus produced the two flanges and the groove of the runner,
the finishing of which is effected in the ordinary way.
Top notches are made in the same way as runners, excepting that the tube
operated upon is shorter.
The machinery described may be used for expanding the ends of tubes and for
producing constrictions in tubes for purposes other than the manufacture of runners
and top notches for umbrellas and parasols, such, for example, as bag rings.
In making ferrules for umbrellas, parasols, and walking sticks according to
my Invention, I take a tube closed at one end and made by the drawing through
process.
I place the taper iron tip in the bottom of the tube, the small end of the tip being
downwards. By means of dies and pressure I give to the tube a taper figure,
contracting it from its open to its closed end. The pressure applied to the tube
forces the metal near its closed end tightly around the conical tip, and at the same
time forms an internal shoulder above it, so that when the closed end of the
tube is removed by turning in a lathe the tip is held securely in the tube.

page_text: If the tip is required to project beyond the barrel of the ferrule, I make the tip
with a terminal expanded part of the size it is intended the bottom of the ferrule
shall have. The ferrule tube is pierced out so as to leave a narrow ring of metal all
round, and the tube thus pierced is placed on a taper peg, the said taper peg being
one of the tools for tapering the tube. The small end of the iron tip is placed in
the aperture pierced in the end of the tube. A hollow tapering die is now forced
over the whole, and by the pressure thus applied the tube is tapered, and the small
end of the tip securely fixed in the small end of the ferrule, thus forming a ferrule
with a projecting iron end.
I will now proceed to describe, with reference to the accompanying Drawing, the
manner in which my Invention is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in section the tube of brass or other ductile metal or alloy
which is to be operated upon by the machinery constituting part of my Invention,
so as to convert it into the partly made runner represented in section in Figure 2.
By an examination of Figure 1 it will be seen that the tube is open at both ends,
and that the part marked a, from which the notch is to be made, is of greater
diameter and strength of metal than the other part b of the tube.
The machinery for operating upon the notch end a of the tube, Figure 1, so as to
convert it into the partly made runner, Figure 2, is represented in Figures 3, 4,
and 5, Figure 3 representing the upper tool of the machinery partly in elevation
and partly in section, and Figure 4 representing in elevation and Figure 5 in plan
the lower tools and appliances connected with them. The same letters indicate the
same parts in Figures 3, 4, and 5.
c is the fixed bed of the machinery having at its middle the vertical peg or
mandril d, upon which the tube, Figure 1, is supported. The mandril d has the
same diameter as the part 6 of the said tube. Arranged radially around the
mandril or peg d is a series of six (or other number of) vertical arms e, c, jointed
at e to the bed c of the machine. By means of coiled springs the arms e, e, are
pressed outwards or from the inandril d when at liberty to move. One only of
these springs is represented in Figure 5, and is marked f. Each of the said arins is
provided with a similar spring. Adjustable stops g, g, limit the back motion of the
jointed arms e, e. The upper ends e³, es, of the arms e, e, are turned inwards in the
manner represented in Figure 4, the said turned in ends having the hollow or
concave figure represented. Over the mandril d is a moveable die or tool carried
by the vertically sliding bolt or ram of the machine. The said moveable die or tool
consists of two parts, namely, of a central peg or tool h and a hollow cone or closing
tool ¿. The lower acting end of the peg or tool h is conical and of greater diameter
than the end a of the tube, Figure 1. The size of the hollow cone i is such that
when the upper tool, Figure 3, descends the said hollow cone embraces and forces
inwards the arms o, e.
In Figures 4 and 5, the series of jointed arms e, e, is represented in their closed
positions after the hollow cone i has descended upon them.
In
The action of the machinery is as follows:-The prepared tube, Figure 1, having
been placed upon the central peg or mandril d, with the larger end a of the said
tube above the said peg or mandril, the upper tool h, i, is made to descend.
descending, the hollow cono i embraces the upper ends of the arms e, c, and
simultaneously forces them inwards into the positions represented in Figures 4
and 5.
As the said arms c, e, thus close upon the enlarged unsupported part a of
the tube, Figure 1, their acting inner edges produce a constriction at about the
middle of the said enlarged part a of the tube. During the time that the
constriction described is being produced the central peg or tool h enters and expands
the open top of the tube. By these operations the enlarged part a of the tube,
Figure 1, is made to take the shape represented in Figure 2, that is a bublous
part and an expanded mouth are produced.
On the rising of the upper tool h, i, the arms e, c, open or take their normal
positions by the action of their springs, and the partly made runner may be removed
from the machine.

page_text: The partially formed runner thus made is next operated upon by the pair of
tools represented in Figure 6, that is to say, it is placed in the hollow die m with
its bulbous part / external to the said die, and by the descent of the upper tool n
the bulbous part is folded or doubled upon itself, and the expanded mouth -
flattened or compressed upon the folded bulbous part so as to give the partially
made runner the form represented in Figure 7: By the last described operation
two flanges q, r, are produced with a groove 8 between them. A divided ring like
plate placed between the two parts k, l, before the flattening operation to keep
the flanges q, r, produced the proper distance apart. The flanges q, r, aro notched
and the runner finished in the ordinary way.
.
In making top notches for umbrellas and parasols I take a shorter tube than than
represented in Figure 1 and operate upon it in the manner described and illustrated
with respect to the manufacture of a runner.
The machinery represented in Figures 3, 4, and 5 may be used for producing the
bag ring represented in Figure 8 from the plain ring, Figure 9, by supporting the
said ring, Figure 9, in the machinery, and causing the jointed arms c, e, to close
upon the said ring. The said machinery may also be used for expanding the ends
of tubes and for producing constrictions in tubes for various purposes.
Figure 10 represents a ferrule for an umbrella, parasol, or walking stick, made
according to my Invention.
In making the said ferrule I take the cylindrical tube, Figure 11, closed at one
end t, the said closed end having the form represented. In the closed end t of the
tube I place the conical iron tip u, represented in Figure 12, and place the said
tubo with its tip on the lower tool v of the pair of tools v, w, represented in
Figure 13. By the operation of the tools v, w, a taper figure is given to the tube,
contracting it from its open to its closed end, the metal at the closed end t of the
tube being forced tightly around the conical tip u and an internal shoulder above
the tip at the same time formed as represented in Figure 10. The ferrule is finished
by removing the closed end of the ferrule tube, which may be effected by turning
in a lathe. The tip u is thereby held securely in its placo, its descent in the tube
being prevented by the conical figure of the tube and tip and its rising in the tube
being prevented by the internal shoulder above the tip, as will be understood by an
examination of Figure 10.
Figure 14 represents in section, and Figure 15 in elevation, a ferrule with a
projecting tip made according to my Invention. In making this ferrule I take a
tip of the kind represented in Figure 16 and marked x, the said tip having a
terminal expanded part and neck, and I take a ferrule tube y, the end of which is
pierced so as to leave a narrow internal ring or flange at . The tip being placed
in the ferrule tube from the pierced end the said tube with its tip is placed on the
conical plug or mandril 1, Figure 16, and the hollow tapering die 2, Figure 16, made
to descend upon the said tube, tip, and mandril.
By the pressure thus applied the tube y is tapered and the pierced end of the
tube closed around that part of the tip within the tube. As the pierced end of
the tube is closed upon the tip its inner ring or flange enters the neck of the tip,
and a shoulder is formed below the tip. The tip is thereby held securely in the
small end of the ferrule tube and a ferrule with a projecting iron end is thereby
formed, as illustrated in Figures 14 and 15.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I claim as my
Invention,
First. The improvements in the manufacture of runners and top notches for
umbrellas and parasols, herein before described and illustrated in Figures 1 and 2
of the accompanying Drawing, that is to say, making the notch end of the runner
or the notch part of the top notch by taking a tube of the kind represented in
Figure 1 (or a shorter tube when a top notch is to be made) and subjecting the
said tube to the action of pressing tools so as to produce a constriction at or about
the middle of the enlarged end of the tube, and expanding the upper part of the

page_text: said enlarged end of the tube, thereby producing a partially formed runner or top
notch having the form represented in Figure 2 of the Drawing, but in the case of
a top notch without the lower cylindrical part of the tube, the said partially formed
runner or top notch being compressed in the direction of its axis so as to give tlie
parts k, l, the shape represented at q, r, Figure 7.
Secondly. The construction and combination of the parts of the machinery,
herein before described and illustrated in Figures 3, 4, and 5 of the accompanying
Drawing, to be used in the manufacture of runners and top notches for umbrellas
and parasols, and for expanding the ends of tubes, and for producing constrictions
in tubes for various purposes.
Thirdly. The improvements in the manufacture of ferrules for umbrellas, parasols,
and walking sticks, herein before described and illustrated in Figures 10, 11, 12,
and 13 of the accompanying Drawing.
Lastly. The improvements in the manufacture of ferrules with projecting iron
ends for umbrellas, parasols, and walking sticks, herein before described and
illustrated in Figures 14, 15, and 16 of the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Gayford Lusher, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty ninth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
37, Temple Street,
Birmingham.
GEORGE GAYFORD LUSHER. (L.S.)