Method of and Machine for Manufacturing Pencils and the like.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Nov., 1895-Accepted, 18th Jan., 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Method of and Machine for Manufacturing Pencils and the like.
I, FREDERICK ELIJAH BLAISDELL, of Wayne Junction, in the City of
Philadelphia, County of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, U.S.A., Gentleman.
do hereby declare the nature of my invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The objects of my invention are, to provide a new and improved method of
manufacturing pencils of a new and improved form, and to provide a new and
improved machine for carrying such method into effect.
The method of this invention consists in substance of the hereinafter described
method of forming pencils, wherein a sheet of suitable flexible material is provided
with a series of weakened lines along which the same may be separated, forming
a curl in such sheet diagonal to the weakened lines, setting or making such curl
permanent by heat or otherwise, and then rolling the rest of the sheet around the
curl, and securing the outer end of the sheet to the roll thus formed, a marking
lead or crayon being inserted in the curl at any stage of the process; and the
machine of this invention is composed in substance of a paper-holding device, a
paper-feeding mechanism, a curl-forming and setting mechanism, a crayon-feeding
mechanism, a paper-cutting mechanism, a paper-perforating mechanism, a pasting-
mechanism, a rolling mechanism, and a drying mechanism, and mechanism by which
the materials are fed from one mechanism to another, although it is not to he
understood that the invention or inventions are limited to a method or machine
necessarily comprising at once, all the steps, or all the devices or mechanisms
before mentioned, for the invention or inventions consists in certain various
combinations or arrangements of such steps, devices and parts, and the construction
of certain devices and parts, all substantially as hereinafter fully described, set
forth and claimed.
Such method and machine are fully shown and described in the following
Specification, of which the accompanying drawings form a part, where in similar
letters or numerals of reference designate like or equivalent parts wherever found
throughout the several views, and in which: The reference letter R designates the
front and S the rear end of the machine, and wherein;
Fig. 1, is a side view looking from the right of my improved form of pencil
machine;
Fig. 2, is a like view thereof looking from the opposite or left side of the
machine;
Fig. 3, is a top plan view thereof; and
Fig. 4, is a side view thereof looking from the right, in section on the line x-x
of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5, is a view in section similar to Fig. 4, of the rear portion of the machine,
several of the moving parts being shown in a different position from that assumed
by them in said Fig. 4; and
Fig. 6, is a side view looking from the right of that portion of the machine
shown in Fig. 5, certain portions being broken away in order to better show the
mechanism;
Fig. 7, is a side view looking from the right of the central standard of the
machine and the forward portion of the mechanism of the machine, such mechanism
being shown in section:

page_text: Figs. 8, 9, and 10, are views in detail of the moving portion of
mechanism;
the pasting
Fig. 11, is a front view on an enlarged scale of the upper forward portion of the
machine, in section on the line y-y of Fig. 3; and
Figs. 12 to 17 inclusive, are detail side views in section, of the forward portion
of the mechanism, showing the various positions assumed by such parts during
the operation of the machine;
and
Figs. 18, 19, 20, and 20ª, are views in detail of the crayon-box or receptacle ;
Fig. 21, is a diagram showing the contour of the various cams or cam-ways
which are mounted upon and carried by the main-shaft of the machine;
Fig. 22, is a top-plan view of the main and driving-shafts removed from the
machine, the various cams and wheels having cam-ways therein being shown in
position thereon ;
Fig. 23, is a top-plan view of the gearing of the rolling-mechanism;
Fig. 24, is a side-view in central section on an enlarged scale of the rolling
mechanism, showing the position assumed by the parts and by the crayon and
covering-strip at the commencement of the rolling operation; and
Fig. 25, is a similar view of the mechanism shown in Fig. 24, showing the
position assumed by the parts when the finished pencil Y', is delivered from the
rolling device to the drying-mechanism ;
Fig. 26, is a view in detail of the boss and arm which reciprocates the mandrel
in one case and in the other the crayon-feeding-rod ;
Fig. 27, is a view in detail of a portion of the drying mechanism; and
Fig. 28, is a top plan diagramatic view, in detail on an enlarged scale, of the
paper-feeding, curl-forming, crayon-feeding, paper-cutting and paper-perforating
mechanisms, showing the diagonal arrangement of the four last named mechanisms.
The pencil manufactured by the improved method and machine herein described,
consists of a marking-lead or crayon enclosed in a covering formed of a sheet of
flexible material bearing a series of weakened lines arranged diagonal to the axis
of the roll, so the cover may be stripped from the crayon, section by section,
without the use of cutting tools, and for such covering I prefer to use what is
known as parchmentized paper, but do not limit myself thereto as any suitable
flexible material may be used therefor.
I have discovered that, in order to form a tight roll of the parchmentized
paper upon the crayon, the first turn or "curl" of the paper, which lies next to
and immediately encloses the crayon, should be permanently formed in the sheet
of covering paper so as to retain its form when released from the forming mechanism,
and I have discovered that the action of heat upon the paper of the "curl," either
during its formation, or alter it has been formed and while it is held in such curled
position, will render such "curl" of a permanent form, and I have also found that
one good method of forming such "curl" is upon a heated maudrel or rod of
substantially the same diameter as is the crayon or marking-lead which is to be
enclosed therein; and I have found my improved form of pencil machine herein
described to be a good and efficient device for manufacturing paper-pencils of the
improved form mentioned.
In the following Specification the machine itself will be first described, after
which the operation thereof will be described, which latter sets forth my new and
improved method of manufacture.
Referring to the drawings:
As shown in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, my improved form of pencil machine consists
of a suitable frame X, supported by which is a paper-feeding mechanism A, a curl-
forming mechanism B, a crayon-feeding mechanism C, a paper-cutting mechanism D,
a paper-perforating mechanism E, a pasting mechanism F, a rolling mechanism G,
and a drying mechanism H, all of which are so constructed and arranged that the
paper and crayons are automatically fed into the machine, and from one portion of
the mechanism to another by suitable devices or mechanisms, so as to render the

page_text: process of manufacturing pencils automatic and continuous, the machine after being
once supplied with the required quantity of scored paper, crayons, and paste, and
put in motion, needing no attention beyond that of supervision.
The various parts of the machine, except where otherwise explicitly stated, are
preferably formed of suitable metal, such as iron, steel and brass, and the
supporting frame X is formed preferably of two side-pieces 1 of cast-iron, which
are held in position about twenty-two inches apart, by a suitable cross-piece 2 and
by suitable cross-bars, shafts or rods 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, which are secured to the
side-pieces 1, and such frame X may be bolted to the floor.
Bolted upon the cross-piece is the main central standard 9 of the machine,
which extends upward to or above the top of the frame X, and serves as a support
for the curl-forming, and cutting and perforating mechanisms B, D and E, as shown
in detail in Fig. 7.
Revolubly mounted upon the standard 9, is a sleeve 10, provided with a gear 11,
meshing with a sector or quadrant-gear 12 which is pivotally secured to the
standard 9 by means of a stud or pivot-shaft 13. Also secured to the sleeve 10, .
or formed integral therewith, as is also the gear 11, is a second gear-wheel 14,
meshing with the rack-gear of a slide-bar 15, which is held in a slide or way formed
in a cross-bar 16 supported in position across the frame X.
Supported on top of the standard 9 is a table 17, on the top of which is a
table-block 17, having adjacent to its rearward edge an upwardly extending rib 18,
to the rearward of which rib and parallel therewith is formed a groove or bearing
of the form of a segment of a circle, in which rests, so as to freely rotate therein,
the curl-forming-rod or die 19, which is provided with the longitudinal curl-
forming-groove 20, which is of just sufficient size to receive the crayon of the
pencil to be formed when surrounded by a single thickness of the covering paper,
and such rod or die 19 extends across the table 17 and through the bottom of the
crayon-box or receptacle 21. Rigidly secured upon such rod or die 19, (as shown
in Fig. 11) is the gear-wheel 22, meshing with a sector or quadrant-gear 23, rigidly
mounted upon the end of a lever 24, (see Fig. 2) which lever is pivoted on a
shaft 25, and has its lower portion bent downward and provided with a cam-pin 26,
by which such lever is actuated by the operation of the cam or cam-way a³ on the
wheel a, the upper end of such lever being kept normally depressed by suitable
springs 27 and 28.
As shown in Figs. 1, 3 and 11, the slide-bar 15 has rigidly secured thereto at
either end a suitable arm 29, having a boss 30, and through the boss 30, located on
the left end of the slide-bar 15, passes the crayon-feeding rod 31, and the inner end
of the crayon-feeding rod 31 is supported in and slides freely back and forth
through a suitable hole formed in the end of a suitable supporting head 32 mounted
upon the supporting rod 33, which head is rigidly secured to the outer projecting
end of the curl forming-rod or die 19 outside of the crayon-box 21, as shown in
Fig. 11, and the inner end of the rod 33 is rigidly secured to the head 32 eccentric
to the center of the same and of the rod or die 19 in such manner that the rod 33
will form a crank for the rod or die 19, and the inner end of the crayon-feeding-
rod 31 is held in position at all times in the curl-forming-groove 20 of such curl-
forming-rod or die 19.
Rigidly secured to the curl-forming-rod or die 19 on the right side of the frame X
is a crank-shaped piece of metal, the portion 35 of which is provided with an
interior gas-chamber having any suitable number of burners 36 connected there-
with, which are supplied with gas through a flexible pipe 37, and secured to the
portion 35 of said crank is a supporting rod 33', similar to the rod 33 on the
opposite side of the machine, which rod 33', as shown in Fig. 3, is provided at its
outer end with a supporting-head 32' similar to the head 322, on the left end of the
supporting rod 33 and through this head 32 passes so as to be supported thereby
and reciprocate easily therethrough the outer end portion of the curl-forming-
mandrel 40, which also passes through the boss 30 secured to the arm 29 secured to
the right end of the slide-bar 15, in the same manner as does the crayon-feeding-

page_text: rod 31 through the similar boss on the other or left end of the slide-bar 15.
Rigidly secured to the rods 31 and curl-forming-mandrel 40, upon one side of each
of the bosses 30 are suitable stops 291, and secured upon such rods on the other or
opposite sides of each of such bosses such a distance from the said stops 29¹ as to
allow of the free play of the rods are similar stops 30¹, and by this arrangement
while the rods 31 and mandrel 40 may be drawn in and out by the movement of
the slide-bar 15 such rods can freely play up and down in an easy manner in the
slot 31 with which each of the bosses 30 is provided, and while such slot 31' must
in each case be of such shape as to permit of the free rotation and movement of
the rods 31 and 40 therein during the partial rotation of the rod or die 19, and also
in the case of the mandrel 40 to allow of upward movement thereof when lifted
from the curl-forming-groove 20 of such die 19, still I prefer to form the slots 31¹
of the shape shown in detail in Fig. 26, in which such slot is provided with an
enlarged circular bottom portion 32³.
The mandrel 40 is normally forced upward out of the curl-forming-groove 20 of
the rod or die 19 by a pivoted lever 38, actuated by a spring 381, and the
mandrel 40 is directed into the groove 20 of the die 19 by a slotted guide-plate 50.
On either side of the table 17 are downwardly depending side-pieces 41. (Figs. 1, 2
and 11) in each of which are formed two perpendicular slide-ways 42 and 43, in the
forward pair 42 of which reciprocate easily up and down a pair of suitable slide-
bars 44, provided at the top with the backwardly and inwardly projecting
wing-pieces 44', (Figs. 3, 4, 12 and 15), and reciprocating in like manner up and
down in the ways 43 are substantially similar slide-bars 46, which are connected
one with another by a cross-bar 47.
Located on the inner side of each of the slide-bars 44, and secured preferably to
the wing pieces 44' by means of suitable bolts and nuts 48 are fingers 49, the office
of which is to force the mandrel 40 down into the curl-forming-groove 20 of the
curl-forming-rod or die 19, and revolubly journaled in the slide-bars 44 immediately
forward of the fingers 49 is a tension-roller 51 which is preferably provided with a
covering of soft-rubber or other yielding material, as shown.
Supported at each end in the forwardly extending side-pieces 18¹ of the table 17
or in a block 20¹ sliding in suitable ways formed in the table (as shown in detail in
Figs. 12 and 15) is a rod or shaft 52, upon which is movably supported or journaled
the forward end of a lifting-plate 53, which extends rearward from its supporting
shaft to the rib 18 of the table-block 17' so as to fill the space on top of such table-
block lying forward of such rib 18, (as shewn in Figs. 12 to 17 inclusive) and
extending across the machine from side to side thereof and revolubly supported in
suitable journals beneath the lifting-plate forward of its supporting shaft 52, is a
shaft 54 on which is rigidly secured a lifting-cam 55 by which, when the shaft 54
is partially rotated to the left, the rear free end of the lifting-plate 53 will be lifted
up into the position shown in Fig. 17 and in dotted lines in Fig. 12, such lifting
plate being normally held by gravity in the depressed position shown in full lines
in Figs. 12 to 16 inclusive, and for the purpose of actuating the cam 55 so as to
lift the plate 53, the shaft 54 is provided at the left end thereof with a crank 56,
to the pin of which is secured a suitable connecting-rod 57, (Fig. 12) in connection
at the lower end with a lever 58, pivoted upon a shaft 8' and provided at the other
end with the cam-pin 59.
Extending from the rear edge of the table 17 to the rolling mechanism G, and
covering the forward portion of the top of the under or lower roller thereof, as
shown, is the main-table 60. Supported upon the table 17, as shown in Figs. 12
to 15, is a combined knife and punch-die-block 61, which is provided with a
forward cutting edge, and with suitable holes or female dies 62 which extend in a
line clear across the block 61 and are about one-sixteenth of an inch in diameter and
about the same distance apart from one another, and located above such die-block
and secured to and carried by the reciprocating cross-bar 47, are a knife 63, and a
series of punches or male-dies 64, the knife registering with the forward cutting
edge of the die block 61, so as to form in connection therewith a shearing device

page_text: and the punches or male-dies 64 being similar in number and registering with the
holes or female dies 62, when the cross bar 47 is forced downward 30 as to cause
such punches or male-dies 64 to enter the holes or female dies 62.
Secured to the reciprocating slide-bars 43 and 44 (Figs. 1, 2 and 3) are suitable
actuating connecting rods 65 and 66, which are preferably formed of two pieces
joined together by a suitable turn-buckle by which the length of such rods may be
regulated, as desired. Connected by a suitable pivot-joint with the lower end of
each of the connecting-rods 65, is a lever 67 which is rigidly secured at its rearward
end to the shaft 6 which is mounted in suitable bearings in the frame X so as to be
at least partially and reciprocally rotatable therein; and secured in like manner to
the lower ends of each of the connecting rods 66 is a similar lever 68 which is
rigidly secured at its rearward end to the shaft 7 which is mounted in suitable
bearings in the frame X in the same manner as is the shaft 6. Rigidly secured to the
shaft 6 and projecting rearward therefrom is a lever 64' provided with a suitable
cam-pin 68, and rigidly secured in like manner to the shaft 7 and extending rear-
ward therefiom is a similar lever 65¹, having at its rearward end a suitable
cam-pin 69, which levers 64¹ and 65' are moved so as to partially rotate the
shafts 6 and 7 and thus cause reciprocating of the slide-bars 43 and 44 by the
action upon their respective cam-pins 681 and 69 of the cams or cam-ways el and e²
which are formed integral with and located upon opposite sides of the cog-wheel c
which is mounted upon the main-shaft K.
Situated forward of the lifting-plate 53 are guide-plates 70, (Figs. 3, 4 and 7) of
thin brass or other suitable sheet metal, supported a short distance apart and one
above the other, which serve to guide the paper from the feed-rolls to the
curl-forming-mechanism B.
The suitably scored or weakened paper to be used as the crayon covering is
usually in the form of a roll of the width of the length of the pencil to be formed,
and this roll is supported upon a rotatable shaft 71 mounted in suitable bearings in
the forward portion of the trame X, and from thence the strip of paper from such
roll passes rearward over a suitable guide-roll 72 and between feed-rolls 73 and 74,
and through the guide-plates 70 to the curl-forming-rod or die 19.
As shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the feed-rolls 73 and 74 are mounted upon suitable
shafts 73 and 741, journaled in the frame X, and are preferably covered with
suitable yielding material, are pressed together by suitable set-screws 75, and are
provided with gear-wheels 76 and 77 secured to their shafts and meshing one with
another whereby unity of rotation is secured, and for purposes of hand rotation
a hand-wheel 78 is provided. Secured to the shaft 73 upon the side opposite to
the gear and hand wheels, is a suitable ratchet-wheel 79, adapted to be rotated in
a forward direction by the action of a suitable spring-pawl 80 (Fig. 3) which pawl
is mounted upon and rigidly secured to a sleeve 81 revolubly mounted upon the
projecting end of the shaft 731, upon which sleeve 81 is also rigidly mounted a
gear-wheel 82, meshing with a sector or quadrant-gear 83 pivotally supported upon
a pivot or shaft 83' secured to the frame X. The sector or quadrant-gear 83
vibrates in a frame 84 provided with set-screws 85 by which the movement of
such gear is limited, and variation in length of the feed by springing of the sector
is prevented.
By turning the milled head-nut 80¹ of the spring-pawl 80 the same will be locked
in a retracted position and out of engagement with the teeth of the ratchet-wheel 79,
so that, even though the sector or quadrant-gear continues to vibrate the paper
will not be fed.
The lower projecting end of the quadrant or sector-gear 83, beyond the pivot is
provided with a suitable slot 88 through which passes a pin 89, by which the
forward end of a connecting-rod 90 is adjustably connected with such gear 83, and
such rod 90 is connected at its rear end with a lever 91, rigidly secured to a
sleeve 91, which is pivotally mounted upon the projecting end of the shaft 6, and
rigidly secured to such sleeve is a rearwardly extending lever 93, provided at its
rearward end with a suitable cam-pin 93' in operative connection with the cam or

page_text: cam-way a¹ formed on the outer side of the cog-wheel a which is rigidly secured
upon the left end of the main shaft K of the machine.
Located above the main table 60 of the machine immediately rearward of the
cutting and perforating mechanisms E, is the pasting-mechanism F which is of
such construction as to automatically deposit the required quantity of paste, glue
or other suitable adhesive substance upon the rear end of the strip of paper which
is to form the covering of the marking-lead or crayon of the pencil, when such
strip is stopped in the proper position beneath the same. Such pasting mechanism
is usually of the form shown, consisting of a paste reservoir 94 extending across
the table 60, and provided with a perforated or porous bottom-piece 95 through
which the paste, glue or other adhesive material used is allowed to percolate, and is
received upon a paster-bar 96 (see Figs. 1, 7, 8, 9 and 10) covered with rubber,
felt or other suitable soft substance adapted to receive such adhesive substance.
The paster-bar 96 is pivoted at the ends in a suitable fork 97, the pivots 96' being
located at the ends of short side-bars 971, and at one end of said paster-bar and
preferably secured to one of the side-bars 97' is a fork-cam 98 actuated when the
passer-bar is pulled downward by two pins 100 and 101 adapted to enter the fork
of the cam 96 and cause the paster-bar to be inverted and forced into the position
shown in Fig. 10, so as to deliver the paste upon the paper sheet V, lying on the
main-table 60, whenever such paster-bar 96 is forced downward. The fork 97 has
its lower cross-bar beneath the table provided with a standard or slide-bar 102
which reciprocates back and forth in a suitable slide-bearing 103, and is connected
by a pivot joint with a link attachment with a lever 104 which is pivoted upon the
shaft 8 and is provided at its rearward end with a suitable cam-pin 105 (Fig. 1)
actuated by the paster-cam c which is rigidly mounted upon the main-shaft K, as
shown in Fig. 22, and in order to make the path of the vertical reciprocation of
the paster-bar 96 perfectly straight the end pivots thereof before entering their
journal bearings in the end of the fork 97, pass through suitable guiding slots 991
in the support 99 in which the same rotate freely while kept to a straight vertical
path.
Located above and extending across the main-table 60 immediately in the rear
of the pasting mechanism, is the carrier-feed-bar 107, (Fig. 4) provided adjacent
to each end with a forwardly and upwardly extending side-bar 108, the forward
ends of which side-bars are secured rigidly to a suitable cross-bar 109 which cross-
bar is pivotally supported at the ends in the upward extensions of a fork 110 of
similar construction to the fork 97, the central portion of the cross-bar of this
fork 110 being provided below the main table with a lever 111, of the bent form
shown in Fig. 4, pivotally mounted upon the shaft 7, provided at its rearward end
with a suitable cam-pin 112, in actuating_connection with the cam or cam-way d¹
formed in one side of the wheel d mounted upon the main shaft K.
As shown more plainly in Fig. 3, the side-bars 108 are connected with the
carrier-feed-bar 107 some little distance inward from the ends thereof, in such
manner that when the carrier-feed-bar is pushed forward toward the rolling-
mechanism, the ends of such bar 107 will pass under and lift up the rearwardly
extending free end of the gravity bars 114 which are loosely pivoted at their
forward ends to suitable supports 115, which supports are far enough apart to
allow the carrier-feed-bar 107 to pass between the same. As soon as the carrier-
feed-bar 107 has passed rearward from beneath such gravity bars 114, which are
provided with a rearward knife-edge which lies close against the main-table, such
gravity-bars fall down upon the table, and as soon as the carrier-feed-bar 107 1s
carried toward the front of the machine, the extending ends of such bar will ride
up over such gravity bars 114 until the extreme forward ends thereof are reached,
when such carrier-feed-bar 107 will fall by gravity down behind such gravity-bars,
into its extreme forward position, which is slightly more forward than that shown
in Fig. 4.
Located to the rear of the carrier-feed-bar 107 is the rolling mechanism G, by
which the sheet of paper in which the curl has been formed by the curl-forming-

page_text: mechanism, in which curl the crayon has been deposited by the crayon-feeding--
mechanism, and upon the extreme rear end of which the paste or other adhesive
substance has been deposited by the pasting mechanism, is rolled tightly around.
the crayon. This rolling mechanism G may be of any desired construction, but
is preferably of that shown, consisting of a bottom-roll 116, a middle or back-
roll 117, and a top-roll 118. The top roll 118 and the bottom roll 116, are
preferably of substantially the same diameter, and are mounted upon suitable
shafts 116 and 118¹ respectively, while the middle or back-roll 117 is of extremely
small diameter compared with that of the other rolls, being in reality a slender
steel rod of little if any larger diameter than that of the crayon of the pencil to
be formed, and the back of this slender steel roll rests against and is kept from
bending backward by the forward grooved edge of a thin back-plate 1191, against
which such roll abuts, (as shown in detail in Figs. 24 and 25) which plate (as
shown in Fig. 23) has secured at either end thereof a suitable journal box or
bearing 86 in which the roll 117 is journaled so as to rotate easily therein, and
rigidly mounted upon the projecting end of such roll 117 on the right side is a
suitable gear-wheel 125. The back-plate 119¹ is provided at its back edge at
either end with suitable pivots or shafts 126, which are revolubly or movably
supported (so as to allow of vibration of the plate 1191) in suitable journal-boxes
or bearings 127 supported in position in any desired manner, preferably by
suitable standards 127' secured to the frame X immediately in the rear of
the rolls.
The shaft 1181 upon which is rigidly mounted the upper-roll 118, (as shown in
Fig. 1, 2 and 3) is revolubly mounted at the ends in suitable journal-boxes or
bearings formed in the forward ends of suitable levers 120, the rearward ends of
which levers 120 are mounted upon a shaft 121 which is mounted in suitable
journal-boxes formed in the frame X. The levers 120 are rigidly secured to the
shaft 121 by means of suitable set-screws or keys (not shown) and to facilitate
adjustment of the roll 118 there are also secured to such shaft 121, in a similar
manner adjacent to each of the levers 120 suitable adjusting devices 87 of a
U shape, as shown in Fig. 4, the shaft 121 passing through the bottom portion of
of the said U and the top or open portion extending toward the front and being
provided above and below with adjusting screws 871 abutting against suitable
adjusting fins 106 formed integral with each of the levers 120.
The shaft 121 is actuated by a lever 120' which is secured to such shaft at the
left end thereof, (as shown, in Figs. 2 and 5) and is provided at its lower end with
a suitable cam-pin 121' which is in actuating engagement with a suitable cam or
cam-way a formed on the inner side of the wheel a which is rigidly mounted upon
the main-shaft K, as shown in Fig. 22.
Mounted upon and rigidly secured to the shaft 1181 on the left side of the
frame X (as shown in Fig. 2) is the sprocket-wheel 122, which is in actuating
connection with a similar sprocket-wheel 123 by means of a suitable sprocket-
chain 124, which sprocket-wheel 123 is rigidly mounted upon the driving shaft M
which is revolubly mounted in suitable journal-boxes or bearings in the frame X.
In order that the sprocket-chain 124 may be kept at all times taut during move-
meut up or down of the upper-roll 118, the upper run of such sprocket-chain
passes over an idler-pulley 119 revolubly mounted upon the shaft 121, and the
under-run of such chain passes back to the sprocket-wheel 122 over a similar idler
pulley 115 which is revolubly mounted upon a suitable stud or pivot secured to the
lever 120.
Rigidly mounted upon the right end of the shaft 116' of the bottom-roll 116,
which shaft is journaled in the frame X, is a sprocket-wheel 129, connected by a
suitable sprocket-chain 131 with a sprocket-wheel 130, which is rigidly mounted
upon the driving-shaft M.
As shown in detail in Fig. 23, revolubly mounted upon that portion of the pivot-
shaft 126 lying between the journal-box 127 and the back-plate 1191 on the right
side of the machine, is a sleeve 132 upon which is rigidly mounted a small gear-

page_text: wheel 133 and a larger gear-wheel 134, the latter of which is upon the inner end
of such sleeve, and such gear-wheel 134 meshes with the small gear-wheel 125,
which is upon the end of the middle or back-roll 117, and the gear-wheel 133
meshes with a suitable gear-wheel 135 which is rigidly mounted upon the shaft. 116'
of the lower-roll 116.
Rigidly secured to the end of the pivot-shaft 126 is a crank 135 to the pin of
which is pivotally secured the upper end of a connecting-rod 136, which rod is
provided at its lower end with a suitable cam-pin 1361 kept permanently in contact
with the cam g of the main shaft K, by a spring 132.
Immediately in the rear of the rolling mechanism G is the drying mechanism H,
preferably of the construction shown in Fig 5, consisting of a revoluble shalt 137
extending across the machine immediately in the rear of the lower roll 116 at about
the center thereo', over which shaft 137 passes a suitable endless traveling apron
or belt 138, to which motion is transmitted by a suitable driving-roll 139, which is
revolubly mounted in the lower rear end of an extension X' of the frame X, which
driving-roll receives motion from a sprocket-wheel 140 mounted on the shaft
thereof, which is in communication with a sprocket-wheel 142 mounted upon the
driving-shaft M, by means of a sprocket-chain 141. The forward end of the
frame X is much higher than the rear end which is supported upon suitable
braces Q (Fig. 5) bolted thereto so as to be vertically adjustable.
Suitably supported immediately in the rear of the shaft 137 and beneath
the upper run of the traveling apron or belt 138, is a plate or table 143 which
extends backward until it abuts against a similar table or plate 144 supported by
the frame X and extending from the upper end thereof to the top and center of
the driving roll 139; and for the purpose of keeping the traveling apron 138 at all
times taut, an idler pulley 145 is preferably adjustably mounted beneath the under
run thereof, as shown.
Supported in any suitable manner in the rear of the bottom-roll 116 above the
upper run of the traveling apron 138, which travels downward when in motion, and
immediately behind the middle or back-roll 117, with the forward end thereof in
contact with the back-plate 119' when the same is in the position shown in Fig. 24,
and with the rear end thereof abutting against the under-side of the upper portion of
the stationary apron 147, is a guide-plate 146 preferably of the curved form
shown, so placed that the space or passage T between the underside of such guide-
plate and the bottom-roll 116 and travelling-apron 138 is barely sufficient to permit
of a finished pencil of the size to be made to pass easily along such passage.
Extending from front to rear of the frame X' above the upper run of the
tiaveling-apron 138, is the stationary apron 147, like the apron 138 formed
preferably of stout canvas, and secured at the ends in any desired manner so as to
be taut. Located above the said stationary apron 147 and extending across the
same is a series of small rollers 148, the ends of which are revolubly journaled in
the tops of suitable rods 149, (as shown in Figs. 5 and 27), which pass down
through the edges of the table 144, and such rods 149 are screw threaded and have
suitable nuts 150, and coil-springs 151, which serve to draw the rollers 148 down
upon the table 144 so as to force the stationary apron 147 down upon the
traveling-apron 138 and table 144.
Revolubly mounted in the frame X immediately beneath the rolling mechanism G
is the main shaft K, and immediately to the rear thereof is the driving shaft M also
revolubly mounted in such frame, and mounted upon the main shaft K preferably
in the order shown in Fig. 22 are the various actuating cams and cam-wheels of
the machine, a, b, c, d, e, and g. Of these the wheels a, d and e are each provided
on the periphery with a central cog or gear, as shown, which in each case meshes
with a suitable smaller gear wheel rigidly mounted upon the driving-shaft M, the
wheels a to inclusive being of course rigidly keyed or otherwise secured to the
main-shaft K.
The wheel a has on its outer side the cam or cam-way a' which actuates the
paper-feed and on the inner a cam or cam-way a³, which actuates the lever 120¹

page_text: and also a can-way a³, which actuates the curl-forming-rod or die 19. The
wheel d has on the left side a cam or cam way d¹ which actuates the carrier-feed-
bar 107, and on the right side a cam or cam-way d' which actuates the slide-bar 15,
which in turn actuates the curl-forming-mandrel 40 and crayon-feeding-rod 31,
and such cam or cam-way d, is for such purpose brought into actuating connection
with such slide-bar 15 (as shown in Fig. 4) by a cam-pin 152 which is secured to a
lever 153 pivoted upon the shaft 5, and to a connecting-rod 154 by a pivotal
connection, which connecting-rod is pivotally connected at its forward end to the
lower slotted portion of the quadrant or sector gear 12, the motion of which causes
the reciprocation of the rack-gear 15 as herein before described. In like manner
the gear-wheele has on the left side a cam or cam-way el which serves to actuate the
slide-bar 44 through intervening mechanism, while upon the right side of such
wheel e is a similar cam or cam-way e' which in like manner actuates the slide-
bar 43. The paster-cam c, the lifting-plate-cam b, and the back-plate and middle-roll
lifting-cam g are each single cams of simple form, and each actuate their respective
devices in the manner hereinbefore stated.
The contour of the various cams and cam-ways is shown in the diagram forming
Fig. 21, and in such diagram the full lines represent the contour of the cams or
cam-ways, naught of the degrees representing the starting-point of the rotation.
To facilitate the feeding of the crayons to the curl of the covering paper, I prefer
to form the crayon-box or receptacle of the form shown, and to make the back
portion 1491 of such box capable of inward and outward movement by pivoting the
same at 150 (as shown in Figs. 18, 19 and 20) and connecting such pivoted
movable back 1491 at each end to a connecting-rod 151', which connecting rods
are connected at the bottom by a suitable pivot-joint with a link 1521 which links
are pivotally connected with lugs 153' having screws 154', by which lugs and by
plates 155 the crayon-box 21 is secured to the frame of the machine.
The pivot
connecting the links 152¹ with the rods 151' is preferably a shaft 156' extending
from one of such links to the other, and to this shaft 1561, at any convenient
point is connected the rod 155, which is preferably of the beut form shown in
Fig. 2, and is vibrated so as to shape and oscillate the back-plate 1491 of the
crayon-box 21, by the tootbed wheel 156, and by this oscillation of such back-plate
the crayons are unerringly shaken down into the groove of the curl-forming-die-rod.
Herein and in the drawings, the strip forming the roll of paper to be used as a
covering material for the crayons is designated by the letter V, the sheets each of
which is to cover one crayon by the letter V₁, the crayons to be covered thereby
by the letter Y, and the finished pencils by the letter Y¹.
The strip of paper V, before being formed into a roll is scored longitudinally of
the sheet, or otherwise provided with a plurality of weakened lines, located about
an eighth of an inch apart, along which the paper may be easily severed or torn
apart into strips.
In order to form a self-sharpening pencil of my improved form, it is necessary
to roll one of the sheets V₁ around a crayon Y, so that each of the weakened lines
will, be diagonal to the axis of the roll, forming a species of conical screw-thread,
so that each of the strips of paper lying between any two of the weakened lines,
will when severed from its adjacent strip leave the crayon in the form of a conical
helix so as to uncover the crayon section by section. To accomplish this, and to
form a pencil of the kind mentioned, the curl-forming-rod or die 19, the mandrel 40,
the crayon-feeding-rod 31, and the knife and punches or perforating devices, as
shown in Fig. 28, are all arranged upon the frame X so as to extend across such
frame slightly diagonal to the axis of the feed-rolls and of the line of feed of the
strip V, so that the sheets V' have their forward and rear edges or ends, and also the
curl which is formed in the forward edge or end thereof, all slightly diagonal to
the side edges of the strip V and of the sheet V₁ and to the series of weakened
lines upon the sheets which are parallel with the sides thereof, and while I also
prefer to have the paster-bar, the carrier-feed-bar, and the rolling-rolls also
located diagonal to the axis of the feed-rolls, in some cases such paster-bar,
В

page_text: .
carrier-feed-bar, and rolling-rolls may be located at right angles to the feed, and
the carrier-bar will straighten the sheets V' as it carries them rearward. The
angle of the diagonalty of the mechanisms so arranged is so extremely slight in
practice, (being ordinarily about four (4) millimeters to the decimeter) that it is
not perceptible to any great extent in the machine itseif even, and for that reason
in Fig. 28 of the drawings hereof, I have shown such diagonal arrangement of
such mechanisms greatly exaggerated as to the angle.
The operation of my improved pencil-machine, and the manner of carrying into
effect my improved method of manufacturing pencils, is as follows:
The roll of scored paper is placed upon the shaft 71, and the end passed over
the roll 72 and between the feed-rolls 73 and 74, and the guide-plates 70 until the
same projects beyond the knife of the cutting mechanism C, and such knife is
brought down once so as to cut the paper strip diagonal across the end, and this
being done, and the crayon-box 21 having been supplied with marking-leads or
crayons, and the paste reservoir having been supplied with the required quantity
of paste, glue or similar adhesive material, and the gas-jets or burners 36 having
been lighted, and the machine set in motion by a suitable driving-belt (not shown)
connecting the driving-pulley N with a suitable source of power the machine will
be put in motion; and the sheet V being in the position shown in Fig. 13, the
curl-forming-rod or die 19 being also in the position shown in such figure, with
the groove 20 thereof upward, and the curl-forming mandrel 40 having been
properly heated by the action of the gas-flame of the burners 36, the movement of
the cam dthrough the intervening mechanisms actuates the slide-bar 15 toward
the left whereby the mandrel 40 and crayon-feeding-rod 31 are each carried to the
left, and as soon as the inner end of the mandrel 40 passes beneath the finger 49
on the left side of the machine which is carried by the slide-bars 44, the said
slide-bars 44 are drawn downward by the action of the cam e¹ and such fingers 49
force the heated mandrel 40 down into the groove 20 of the curl-forming-rod or
die 19 so as to carry the end of the paper strip V down into such groove, when all
the parts will be in the positions shown in Fig. 14, and as soon as the mandrel 40
has been forced fully into the groove 20 of the curl-forming-rod or die 19, such
rod 19 is rotated partially to the left by the action of the cam a³ and intervening
mechanisms, and as during this movement the sheet of paper V is kept from being
drawn rearward by the turning of the rod 19 by the tension-roller 51, the
combined rolling, stretching and heating action causes the end of the sheet of
paper to be formed into a permanent curl, as shown, and while the parts are still
in the position shown in Fig. 15, the slide-bar 15 is reciprocated back toward the
right, and this draws the mandrel 40 out of the curl, and at the same time the
simultaneous movement of the crayon-feeding-rod 31 in such groove 20 forces a
crayon along such groove into the curl in the paper.
As soon as the crayon is in the curl, the slide-bars 44 are forced upward and
the tension-roller 51 and fingers 49 assume the positious shown in Fig. 16, the
, curl-forming-rod or die 19 is then partially rotated backward toward the rear end
of the machine until the groove 20 thereof is upward when the action of the cam b
through the intervening mechanism partially rotates the lifting-cam 55 so as to lift
the rearward end of the lifting-plate 53 up into the position shown in Fig. 17, by
which the end of the strip of paper V having the curl enclosing the crayon will be
lifted up out of the groove 20, and, as soon as the strip V is in this position, the
action of the cam a through the intervening mechanism actuates the paper-feeding
mechanism A so as to push the strip V forward (as shown in said Fig. 17), and as
soon as the required quantity of paper to form the roll of the desired size to cover
the crayon has passed beneath the knife 63, the action of the cam forces down
the slide-bars 43 so as to bring the knife and punches, forming the operating parts
of the paper-cutting mechanism D and paper perforating mechanism E down upon
the strip of paper V so as to sever the sheet V₁ from the strip V, and provide the
said sheet with a line of perforations adjacent and about an eighth of an inch or
so from the rear end of the sheet.

page_text: During the downward movement of the knife and punches the carrier-feed-
bar 107 is carried to the front up over the gravity bars 114 and is dropped to the
main-table 60 and upon the sheet V' immediately forward of the curl enclosing
the crayon, (the distance between the knife 63 and the supports 115 of the
gravity-bar 107 being slightly less than the length of the sheet V' so that the
crayon and curl will always be located to the rear of the supports 15 as the sheet VI
is being separated by the knife from the strip V so that the carrier-feed-bar 107
will always drop upon the sheet forward of the curl) and as soon as the carrier-
feed-bar has dropped upon the sheet V', the knife and punches are lifted ant the
carrier-feed-bai is by the action of its actuating cam moved toward the rear of
the machine and as the narrow knife-like rear edge of such carrier-feed-bar strikes
against the curl enclosing the crayon it carries the sheet V' rearward with it,
stopping once to permit the pasting mechanism F to deposit the required quantity
of paste on the end of the sheet, and then again moving rearward, forces the curl
enclosing the crayon between the rolls 116 and 118 and against the roll 117, and
as soon as the curl is pushed between said rolls, which are located such a distance
apart at this time as to barely permit of the curl and crayon being pushed between
them, their rotative action, which is all to the right, as shown in Figs. 24 and 25,
will begin to roll the sheet V' around the crayon, as shown in Fig. 24, and as the
roll grows larger and larger the upper-roll 118 is gradually pushed upward by the
same, and the weight of the roll 118 and the levers 120 in which the same is
journaled serve to make the roll thus formed an extremely tight one, and in some
cases if preferred the cam a² which moves the roll 118 may be made of such a
contour as to take a portion of the weight of such roll from the pencil during
formation, but I prefer to have the entire weight of such roll rest thereon. After
the entire sheet V₁ has been rolled up, to ensure adhesion of the paste provided end
to the roll, the pencil is rotated about thirty times between the rolls and then the
upper-roll 118 is suddenly lifted from the pencil, by the action of the cam a² on the
lever 120, and at the same instant the back-plate 119 is by the action of the cam o
moved upward and carries with it the middle or back-roll 117, when such rolls 117
and 118 will be in the position shown in Fig. 25, and thereupon the continued
rotation of the lower-roll 116 carries the finished pencil Y to the rear and the same
falls upon the belt or apron 138, and as such belt or apron is travelling rapidly to
the rear, such pencil Y is carried down through the space T, as shown in detail in
Fig. 25, and at last under the stationary belt or apron 147, and as it is carried
along beneath such stationary belt by the action of such travelling belt or apron 138,
it is constantly retarded by the rolls or rollers 148 as such rollers are kept pressed
down upon the travelling-belt or apron by the action of the springs 151, whereby
it is thoroughly dried before being delivered from the machine.
While I have shown and described herein a method and machine in which a
heated maudrel is used for forming the permanent curl in the ends of the sheets of
covering material, I do not intend to limit myself to the use of heat in such
connection, as it may in some cases be dispensed with; neither do 1 intend to limit
myself to the use of mechanisms of any particular form, as I consider that I am
entitled to claim broadly the combinations one with another of any mechanisms
capable of performing substantially the same functions as those herein particularly
described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The herein described method of forming pencils &c., wherein a curl is formed
in the end of a sheet of flexible material such as paper etc., the curl is set or made
permanent by the action of heat or otherwise, the sheet is rolled around the curl
and the outer end thereof is secured to the roll thus formed, and a marking lead,
crayon or equivalent core is inserted in the curl at any stage of the process,
substantially as and for the purposes described.

page_text: 2. The herein described method of forming pencils &c., wherein a sheet of
flexible material such as paper &c., is provided with a series of weakened lines
along which the sheet may be separated, a curl is formed in the end of the sheet
diagonal to the weakened lines, the curl is set or made permanent by the action of
heat or otherwise, the sheet is rolled around the curl and the outer end thereof is
secured to the roll thus formed, and a marking-lead, crayon or equivalent core is
inserted in the curl at any stage of the process, substantially as and for the purposes
described.
3. A machine for manufacturing pencils &c., wherein the paper or similar flexible
material to form the covering is fed to a curl forming mechanism which forms a
curl in the end thereof, around which curl the sheet is afterwards rolled and the
outer end only of the sheet is secured firmly to the roll thus formed, and a marking
lead, crayon or equivalent core is inserted in the curl at any point, substantially as
and for the purposes described.
4. A machine of the class described wherein the paper or similar flexible
material to form the covering is fed to a curl forming mechanism which forms a
curl in the end thereof, and makes the said curl permanent by setting the same by
the action of heat or otherwise, around which curl the sheet is afterwards rolled
and the outer end only of the sheet 18 secured firmly to the roll thus formed, a
suitable marking-lead, crayon or equivalent core being automatically inserted in
the curl at any point, substantially as and for the purposes described.
5. The combination in a machine of the class described of a paper-feeding-
mechanism A, curl-forming-mechanism B, crayon-supplying mechanism C, pasting
mechanism F and rolling mechanism G, with or without either or all the paper
cutting mechanism D, paper-perforating mechanism E, and drying mechanisin H,
substantially as shown and described.
6. The combination in a machine of the class described of a curl-forming
mechanism B, and a crayon-supplying mechanism C, substantially as shown and
described.
7. The combination in a machine of the class described of a paper-feeding
mechanism A, a curl-forming mechanism B, and a paper-cutting mechanism D,
the mechanisms B and D extending diagonally across the path of the paper-
feed, substantially as shown and described.
8. The combination in a machine of the class described of a curl-forming-rod
or die 19, having a groove 20, a curl-forming rod or mandrel 40 adapted to
enter the groove 20, and means for partially and reciprocatingly rotating the rod
or die 19, with or without means for heating the rod or mandrel 40, substantially
as shown and described.
9. The combination in a machine of the class described of a curl-forming-rod
or die 19 having the groove 20, a curl-forming rod or mandrel 40, a crayon-box or
receptacle 21 in communication with one end of the rod or die 19, a crayon-feeding-
rod 31, means for reciprocating the crayon-feeding-rod and the mandrel, means for
forcing the rod or mandrel down into the groove 20 of the rod 19, and means for
partially and reciprocally rotating the rod or die 19, with or without means
for heating the rod or mandrel 40, substantially as shown and described.
10. The combination in a machine of the class described of a paper-roll holder,
an intermittently actuated paper-feeding mechanism, a curl-forming rod or die 19,
having the groove 20, a mandrel 40, a tension-roller 51, a paper-cutting-
mechanism D, and a lifting-plate 52, with or without the paper-perforating
mechanism E and means for heating the mandrel 40, substantially as shown and
described.
11. A machine of the class described having a rolling-mechanism having three
positively rotated rolls the center roll of which is smaller than the other two, and
one of the larger rolls of which is moved away from the other large roll as the roll
of paper or other material formed by their joint action grows in size, substantially
as shown and described.
12. The combination in a machine of the class described of a roll 118, a roll 116,

page_text: a middle or back-roll 117 of smaller diameter than either of the other rolls, gearing
connecting the three rolls together so that they will all be rotated in the same
direction at substantially the same peripheral speed, means for varying the
distance between the rolls 18 and 116, and means for actuating the roll 117
so as to allow the escape from between the rolls of the roll of paper &c., formed
by their joint action, substantially as shown and described.
13. The combination in a machine of the class described of a paper-roll-holder,
an intermittently actuated paper-feeding mechanism, a curl-forming rod or die 19
having the groove 20, a mandrel 40, reciprocating slide-bars 44, a tension-roller 51
carried by such slide-bars 44, fingers 51 for forcing the mandrel 40 down into the
groove 20 also carried by the slide-bars 44, reciprocating slide-bars 43, and a
paper-cutting-knife carried by the slide-bars 44, with or without means for heating
the mandrel 40, substantially as shown and described.
14. The combination in a machine of the class described of a roll 116 revolubly
supported in suitable bearings, a roll 118 revolubly supported by the ends in
suitable levers 120, means for positively rotating the rolls 116 and 118, a shaft 121
upon which the levers 120 are rigidly secured, journals in which the shaft 121 is
mounted so as to be partially rotatable therein, a lever 120¹ secured to the shaft 121,
a cam for actuating the lever 120¹ so as to partially rotate the shaft 121, a middle
or back-roll 117 located between the rolls 116 and 118 revolubly mounted in
journals 86 carried by the back-plate 1191, pivot-shafts 126 secured to the back-
plate 119' and mounted in journals 127, means for partially rotating the shaft 126
so as to move the back-plate 119, and gearing by which the roll 117 is rotated,
substantially as shown and described.
Dated this 19th day of November 1895.
S. S. BROMHEAD,
97 Newgate Street, London, E.C., Agent for Applicant.
S. S. BROMHEAD,
97 Newgate Street, London, E.C., Agent for Applicant.