IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OB APPARATUS AND METHOD TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION OF CANDLES, TAPERS, AND OTHER LIGHTS." PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Montague Wigzell, of the Strand, Topsham, in
the County of Devon, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OB APPARATUS AND METHOD TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EVERY
DESCRIPTION OF CANDLES, TAPERS, AND OTHER LIGHTS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Montague Wigzell at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th February 1863.
I, MONTAGUE WIGZELL, of the Strand, Topsham, in the County of Devon,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS AND METHOD TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EVERY
DESCRIPTION OF CANDLES, TAPERS, AND OTHER LIGHTS," to be as follows:-
This my Invention relates to the manufacture of every description of candles,
tapers, and other lights in every kind of white or colored wax, tallow, oil, and
composition, and it consists of an improved method, together with machinery
or apparatus to be used in their manufacture. I make the said candles and
other lights by pressure, that is to say, I force the grease or other materials
through tubes or apertures so as to form them into the required shape, length,
or size, and by this process I make the candles of one or more kinds of grease
or other materials, that is to say, I sometimes make the outer coating or
surface of a superior or inferior quality and of the same or a different color

page_text: to that of the inner portion, and I shape the top or lighting end of the candles
whilst they are being thus formed or after they have been cut into the required
lengths; and I put the wicks into the said candles whilst they are being made,
or I leave a hole through the candles in which the wicks can be placed after
the candles or other lights have been made.
The machinery I use consists of an arrangement of tubes or apertures of
glass or other materials the required size for the candles to be made, through
which the grease or other material is forced by means of a piston plunger or
pistons and plungers working in a cylinder or cylinders, or such other forcing
machinery or apparatus by which the grease or other materials can be pumped
or otherwise forced from a reservoir through the said tubes without deviating
from the principle of my Invention, the whole being arranged on a suitable
frame or bed with the necessary gear to make it to be worked by any known
motive power.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Montague Wigzell in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
7th August 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MONTAGUE
WIGZELL, of the Strand, Topsham, in the County of Devon, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Montague Wigzell, Her special licence that I, the said Montague
Wigzell, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Montague Wigzell, or my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for." IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS AND METHOD TO BE USED IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION OF CANDLES, TAPERS, AND OTHER LIGHTS,". upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Montague Wigzell, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,

page_text: and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Montague Wigzel, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This my Invention relates to the manufacture of every description of candles,
tapers, and other similar lights in every kind of white or colored wax, tallow,
oil, and composition, and it consists of an improved method of manufacturing
them, but more particularly in machinery or apparatus to be used in their
manufacture. By the said machinery or apparatus I make the candles, tapers,
or other similar lights complete, that is, so that they will pass out of the
machine with wick points, and of any required length, diameter, or shape, and
at any speed that the machinery, grease, or other material or materials can
be worked, and I place the wicks in the candles whilst the candles are being
made, as well as by the other methods herein stated; and by the said machinery
I make the candles and other lights principally by pressure, that is to say, I
force the grease or other material, when either cold, hot, or in a semi-cold or
hot state, through tubes or apertures so as to form them into any required
shape and size, with or without wicks, and when they are. thus formed I cut
them into any required length and point them by a pointing apparatus
attached to the machine; or I shape the ends by forcing the grease into
moveable pointing dies attached to the machine; or I point the said candles in
a separate revolving cutting or pointing apparatus after they have been made
with the wicks in them. I sometimes make in the said machine tubular
formed candles with or without points, and afterwards place the wicks in them
by hand or machinery; and I also make candles and other similar lights of one
or more kinds of grease or other materials by coating them externally with a
different or superior or inferior material to that of the rest.
The said machinery or apparatus consists of a three-way plug or cock. in a
suitable shell, attached to which is a cylinder communicating with the said
cock, and in the said cylinder is a plunger or piston worked off a disc, camb,
crank, or lever on a driving shaft. Upon the said shaft is a camb or projection
for moving a lever to and fro, which is connected by a connecting rod to a
crank or lever on the end of the said plug for opening and shutting it, so that
when the plunger or piston is advancing to force the grease through the tubes.
the opening for the supply of grease or other material of which the candles
are to be made is closed, and when the plunger is reversed the opening to the

page_text: reservoir is opened and the communication with the rest of the machine is
closed. In front of the discharge opening of the shell is a chamber, in the
front of which are openings or apertures in which are arranged any number
of glass or other tubes, but the said chamber is only necessary when the
discharge opening is too small to receive the number of tubes required, as the
tubes may be made large enough in any place to admit of the wicks being led
into them; but when the said chamber is used there are hollow vertical pieces
inserted into or through it, and connected to which are small tubes passing
into each of the glass tubes through which the wicks are drawn over sheeves
in the said hollow vertical pieces from reels or drums for supplying the candles
whilst they are being made in the said glass or other tubes, which tubes are
supported by bearings at any required distance from the said plug, and a blade
or knife is made to work through or against these bearings by levers or
gearing, so as to cut the grease or candles as the plunger or piston is on the
back stroke, and beyond this knife are continuations of the tubes in which the
candles are at first formed, such continuations of tubes being nearly equal in
length to the candles or other lights to be made, and at the distant ends of
each of these tubes are revolving blades or cutters for pointing the ends of the
candles. before they are finally forced from the tubes in which they are made;
the said cutters are formed with sharp edges, the shape of a longitudinal
section of the required point of the candles, and they are made to revolve by
suitable gearing, which may be worked off a shaft or strap to which motion
may be given by the driving or pinion shaft so as to make them revolve at
any required speed. The cutters are kept open by springs or levers, and made
to close upon the ends of the candles by a moveable piece advancing over them,
and to open by means of the springs or levers as the said moveable piece
passes over them, so that the candles are able to be forced out as the fresh
grease is forced into the tubes, the whole being arranged on suitable bearings,
framework, or bed, with a reservoir of any required size or shape communicating
with one opening of the plug for the supplying of grease or other materials of
which the said candles or other lights are to be made. I sometimes warm
the forcing apparatus and feeding portion of the machine by means of steam,
gas, or other suitable dry or moist heat, and cool or harden the grease or other
material used in making the said candles or other lights as it is passing
through the tubes by means of water, ice, or other dry or moist cooling materials
or mixtures, and I harden the said candles as they pass from the machine by
exposing them to the air, or by passing them into or through a cooling chamber,
or by covering them with cooling material, liquor, or mixture, according to
the character of the materials used in their manufacture.

page_text: I do not limit myself to any number of candles to be made at one or more
revolutions of the machine, or its principal working parts, or to any particular
size of machine, apparatus, or its parts, as the number and size of the candles or
other similar lights, and the size and parts and number of parts of the machine,
can be varied without deviating from the principle of this my Invention;
but what I more particularly claim, and wish to secure by "Letters Patent,"
is, the application of the machinery, apparatus, or its parts herein described,
or intended to be, to the manufacture of candles, tapers, and all other similar
lights.
In witness whereof, I, the said Montague Wigzell, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifth day of August, in the year of our Lord
1863.
5 Witness,
HENRY WILLIAM DWIGHT,
Croydon, Surrey.
MONTAGUE WIGZELL. (L.B.)
Topsham, Devon.