Improvements in or relating to Compounds of "Blown Oils with Pyroxyline.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Feb., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 25th Nov., 1893-Accepted, 30th Dec., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by WALTER D. FIELD, of Milburn, New Jersey,
United States of America, Chemist.]
Improvements in or relating to Compounds of "Blown
Oils with Pyroxyline.
"9 or Aerated
I, JOSEPH SINCLAIR FAIRFAX, of 433 Strand, in the County of London,
Patent Agent and Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:—
This invention (as communicated to me) relates to that class of compounds or
substances employed as a coating for textile fabrics, paper, or leather; as an
insulating material; and for other useful purposes. The object of the invention is
to produce a compound that will be stable; not liable to decompose, evaporate, or
oxidize; that will be proof against water and atmospheric action; that can be
made flexible; and if desired-with great body. My foreign correspondent
informs me that oils have been treated by blowing air through them, and that such
aerated oils are known in the arts as "blown oils"; and that he obtains the above
named desirable results by combining certain kinds of "blown" or aerated oils
with solutions of pyroxyline or nitro cellulose; the resultant compound being used
alone, or in combination with other substances.
"
The pyroxyline employed is of that kind or grade known as "soluble pyroxyline
or "nitro cellulose," obtained by subjecting vegetable fibre or cellulose to the
action of nitric acid, or nitric and sulphuric acids, in a manner well known.
Before combining this nitro cellulose with the aerated oil, it is preferred to dissolve
the nitro cellulose in some solvent, which is also a solvent of the "blown" or
aerated oil, and subsequently combining the latter with the former.
With reference to the kind of aerated oils used in carrying out this invention, it
is known that the non-drying members of the group of oils chemically known as
as the glycyl ethers of the unsaturated fatty acids increase in viscosity and
stability when air is driven through them at various temperatures; and some of
the oils of the cotton seed group have been thus treated and used for lubricating
purposes. For the purposes of this invention, these glycyl ethers of the
unsaturated fatty acids known as cotton seed oil, and olive oil, have been found well
adapted; but any of the other oils of this said class of glycyl ethers of the
unsaturated fatty acids, excepting those oils known as drying oils, (chemically
known as the linseed oil group), may be used. But some of these which contain
considerable proportions of the tri-glycerides of the saturated fatty acids are not as
useful for all purposes as those oils that contain none, or only small proportions, of
these tri-glycerides of the saturated fatty acids. With these reservations, there
are none (so far as is known) of the class of glycyl ethers of the unsaturated fatty
acids which are not useful, when aerated, for the purposes of this invention. The
action of the air produces an oxidizing effect, and forms oxy-fatty ethers of
glyceryl; and these oils, when thus "blown" or aerated, are practically neutral
bodies, having substantially the same solubilities as the oil; and they may be
produced of any desired degree of viscosity-even to the point of non-flowing.
The "blown" oil is prepared by forcing air through the oil, while it is at the
temperature of about 200 C., until the oil is of about the required degree of
viscosity; which varies with the use for which the resultant product is intended.
Any further description of the method of aerating oils is not required, as any
known way may be used.

page_text: While these aerated oils may be made of almost any degree of viscosity, they do
not have the property of drying, when alone, to a hard film; and therefore are not
practically useful-uncombined-for coating fabrics, or for other purpo es of this
invention. Such oils are thus distinguishable from the oils known as drying oils,
whose drying qualities are greatly increased by "blowing."
This invention is therefore intended to produce such a compound of these aerated
oils, with another substance, as will dry to a hard smooth film, while retaining the
flexibility of the oil; so that the same may be used as a coating in any way
indicated herein. It has been found that, by combining small quantities of
pyroxyline with these aerated oils, a compound is produced which, when spread
upon textile fabrics and other surfaces, will be tough, elastic, hard, smooth, water
proof, not perceptibly affected by the atmosphere and durable. The proportions
vary with the product required; so that a larger proportion of "blown or aerated
oil is used to produce a very flexible compound. But the following proportions are
found useful for a coating upon textile fabrics ;
"
Dom sy weight.
In preparing the compounds, the pyroxyline is first dissolved in a mixture of
amyl acetate and benzine in the proportions of two parts of amyl acetate to one
part of benzine, reducing the pyroxyline solution to the consistency desired; but
instead of amyl acetate I may use propyl or butyl acetates, benzole, or other
suitable solvents of pyroxyline. After dissolving the pyroxyline. and reducing it to
a proper consistency for mixing, the aerated oil is gradually added in small
quantities at a time, with constant stirring, until the required amount of oil is added.
Experience shows, that a small proportion of oil produces a small degree of
flexibility; while a large proportion of oil imparts a large degree of flexibility.
To the said compound any desired pigment is added for colouring the product,
and to a certain extent for giving body to it. Care, however, must be taken
not to add too great a weight of pigment when the compound is to be spread upon
fabrics, and great flexibility and strength are required; but when the compound is
to be spread upon paper and other material the amount of pigment inay be
increased. The compound is sometimes used as a varnish.
Dated this 16th day of February 1893..
FAIRFAX & WETTER,
433, Strand, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Compounds of "Blown" or Aerated
Oils with Pyroxyline.
I, JOSEPH SINCLAIR FAIRFAX, of 433 Strand, in the County of London,
Patent Agent and Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention (as communicated to me) relates to that class of compounds or
substances employed as a coating for textile fabrics, paper, or leather; as an
insulating material; and for other useful purposes. The object of the invention
is to produce a compound that will be stable; not liable to decompose, evaporate,
or oxidize; that will be proof against water and atmospheric action; that can be
made flexible; and-if desired-with great body. My foreign correspondent
informs me that oils have been treated by blowing air through them, and that
such aerated oils are known in the arts as
66 blown oils ; and that he obtains the
above named desirable results by combining certain kinds of "blown" or aerated
"

page_text: oils with solutions of pyroxyline or nitro cellulose; the resultant compound being
used alone, or in combination with other substances.
The pyroxyline employed is of that kind or grade known as "soluble pyroxyline"
or "nitro cellulose," obtained by subjecting vegetable fibre or cellulose to the
action of nitric acid, or nitric and sulphuric acids, in a manner well known.
Before combining this nitro cellulose with the aerated oil, it is preferred to dissolve
the nitro cellulose in some solvent, which is also a solvent of the "blown" or
aerated oil, and subsequently combining the latter with the former.
With reference to the kind of aerated oils used in carrying out this invention,
it is known that the non-drying members of the group of oils chemically known
as the glycyl ethers of the unsaturated fatty acids increase in viscosity and
stability when air is driven through them at various temperatures; and some of
the oils of the cotton seed group have been thus treated and used for lubricating
purposes. For the purposes of this invention, those glycyl ethers of the
unsaturated fatty acids known as cotton seed oil, and olive oil, have been found
well adapted; but any of the other oils of this said class of glycyl ethers of the
unsaturated fatty acids, excepting those oils known as drying oils, (chemically
known as the linseed oil group) may be used. But some of these which contain
considerable proportions of the tri-glycerides of the saturated fatty acids are not
as useful for all purposes as those oils which contain none, or only small propor-
tions, of these tri-glycerides of the saturated fatty acids. With these reservations,
there are none (so far as is known) of the class of glycyl ethers of the unsaturated
fatty acids which are not useful, when aerated, for the purposes of this invention.
The action of the air produces an oxidizing effect, and forms oxy-fatty ethers of
glyceryl; and these oils, when thus "blown" or aerated, are practically neutral
bodies, having substantially the same solubilities as the oil; and they may be
produced of any desired degree of viscosity-even to the point of non-flowing.
The "blown" oil is prepared by forcing air through the oil, while it is at the
temperature of about 200 C., until the oil is of about the required degree of
viscosity which varies with the use for which the resultant product is intended.
Any further description of the method of aerating oils is not required, as any
known way may be used.
While these aerated oils may be made of almost any degree of viscosity, they
do not have the property of drying, when alone, to a hard film; and therefore are
not practically useful-uncombined-for coating fabrics, or for other purposes of
this invention. Such oils are thus distinguishable from the oils known as drying
oils, whose drying qualities are greatly increased by "blowing."
This invention is therefore intended to produce such a compound of these
aerated oils, with another substance, as will dry to a hard smooth film, while
retaining the flexibility of the oil; so that the same may be used as a coating in
any way indicated herein. It has been found that, by combining small quantities of
pyroxyline with these aerated oils, a compound is produced which, when spread upon
textile fabrics and other surfaces, will be tough, elastic, hard, smooth, water proof,
not perceptibly affected by the atmosphere, and durable. The proportions vary
with the product required; so that a larger proportion of "blown or aerated oil
is used to produce a very flexible compound. But the following proportions are
found useful for a coating upon textile fabrics :
"
In preparing the compounds, the pyroxyline is first dissolved in a mixture of
amyl acetate and benzine in the proportions of two parts of amyl acetate to one
part of benzine, reducing the pyroxyline solution to the consistency desired; but
instead of amyl acetate I may use propyl or butyl acetates, benzole, or other
5 suitable solvents of pyroxyline. After dissolving the pyroxyline and reducing it

page_text: to a proper consistency for mixing, the aerated oil is gradually added in small
quantities at a time, with constant stirring, until the required amount of oil is
added. Experience shows, that a small proportion of oil produces a small degree
of flexibility; while a large proportion of oil imparts a large degree of flexibility.
To the said compound any desired pigment is added for colouring the product,
and to a certain extent-for giving body to it. Care, however, must be taken
not to add too great a weight of pigment when the compound is to be spread upon
fabrics, and great flexibility and strength are required; but when the compound
is to be spread upon paper and other material the amount of pigment may be
increased. The compound is sometimes used as a varnish.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is ;-
1. A new composition of matter consisting of a blown non-drying glycyl ether
of an unsaturated fatty acid in combination with pyroxyline or nitro-cellulose,
substantially as herein described.
2. The herein described compound of "blown" or aerated oil with pyroxyline,
substantially as and in the proportions herein described.
Dated this 9th day of November 1893.
FAIRFAX & WETTER,
433, Strand, London, Agents for the Applicant.