Improvements in Horizontal Flame Lamps, Designed for the Com- bustion of Gas or Oil by Aid of Heated Air.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 24th May, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 18th June, 1889-Accepted, 23rd Nov., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Horizontal Flame Lamps, Designed for the Com-
bustion of Gas or Oil by Aid of Heated Air.
I, HENRI DELMAS-AZEMA, chez Mons. D.A. Casalonga, 15 Rue des Halles, Paris
France, Architect, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in lamps fed with air heated by regeneration
or recuperation, the burner having horizontal flames under a silvered enamelled and
refractory reflector which is also capable of storing heat.
Figs. 1 & 2 of the annexed sheet of drawings show respectively a vertical and a
horizontal section of a lamp according to this invention with a single horizontal flame.
Fig. 3 is a section of the same lamp carried from below.
Figs. 4 & 5 show in section and in plan the special arrangement of a lamp with
several converging flames.
Figs. 6 & 7 show in vertical and horizontal section a lamp with divergent flames and
special systems of recuperators.
Figs. 9 & 10 show the application of a lamp according to this invention to the
lanterns of railway carriages.
In all the figures like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.
The air for maintaining combustion is heated by means of a waved or corrugated
piece a enclosed between two envelopes a¹ and all and it travels through the apparatus
in the direction shewn by the arrows, that is to say, it ascends in the zone comprised
between the two envelopes a" & a¹¹ and descends along the waved or corrugated
plate a. This air thus heated arrives in the globe or shade c and feeds the flame as
hereinafter more fully described.
Above the split burner e is arranged an air chamber or distributor d having the form
of a hollow tore ("tore creux"). This air chamber has for its object to direct the air
arriving through a portion of the waves or corrugations of the plate a in a horizontal
direction and above the flame between the latter and the silvered reflector f which
increases the luminous efficiency of the apparatus.
This chamber or distributor d which may be of polished or enamelled metal or of
crystal or the like, is closed at its two extremities by means of walls or partitions d' d¹
so as to properly direct the air above and over the whole extent of the flame. It is
maintained in place by a nut screwed upon the pipe g which brings the gas to the
burner, or it may be rivetted upon the envelope a".
Between this distributor and the opening and on each side thereof the waved or
corrugated plate allows the air to flow vertically along the curved surface of the glass
shade or cup c; these two layers of air, arriving from opposite sides meet at the
bottom of the shade and thence ascend without excessive velocity in order to feed the
flame from below.
The burner is lighted through the top of the chimney or through the hole q formed
in the wall all, the gas escaping from the burner is ignited through this hole.
The products of the combustion pass through the opening into the chamber or
drum i whence they escape through the chimney j.
In the arrangement shewn in Fig. 1 the apparatus is suspended at the top and the
gas enters directly by the pipe g located in one of the corrugations of the plate a.
The shade is held by a bayonet joint p or by a screw, a spring, a lever or other
convenient means.
In the arrangement shewn in Fig. 3 the support of the apparatus is effected from
below. The gas from the regulator m ascends in one of the arms of the forked
support n n joined to the pipe g. The shade c is held in position by the crystal shank r

page_text: envelope a".
A shade of opal or of silvered metal completes the apparatus.
The lighting is effected as in the apparatus described with reference to Fig. 1 or by
the aid of a tube & perforated at c¹ and forming the prolongation of one of the branches
of the forked support n n.
When this type of lamp is designed for the lighting of railway carriages by means
of rich gas it is constructed of smaller dimensions and also for burning vegetable and
mineral oils.
To obtain a better distribution of light there is placed in the centre of the shade c a
cone a either straight or parabolic, of silvered glass or of metal.
This is designed to form a mirror and to throw the vertical rays from bottom to iop
to illumine the ceiling.
The lamp shown in Figs. 4 & 5 comprises several converging flames having each its
air chamber or distributor the construction of each being the same as that of the single
flame burner.
An upper dome g₁ distributes the gas to the different tubes 99 which carry the
burners whose lighting power is increased by the mirrors ff (Fig. 5) having the
shape of a disc either flat, curved, hollow, elliptical spherical, parabolic, hyperbolic or
the like.
The reversed cone K placed in the chamber i above the opening h for smoke and
products of combustion divides the hot air ascending from the flames and distributes it
over the circular wall a¹ of this heating chamber.
The lighting of the gas is effected through the chimney or by means of the
lateral lighting device c" perforated with holes at n and carrying the flame within
the burner.
The apparatus may be carried at its lower part like that shewn in Fig. 3. The gas
passes then in through the two tubes of the forked support for feeding the dome g₁ g¹
which supplies the gas to all the burners.
Figs. 6 & 7 show the type of the lamp with diverging flames. In this arrange-
ment the gas descends through the central conduit gand is divided at the burners e e e e.
The air for supporting combustion, becomes heated while passing around the tubes
or flues i, i or in the conduits a". It arrives in the central tube a¹ and flows out
above the burners e which are covered over by a distributer with corrugated
edges, the hollow or depressed corrugations corresponding to the spaces between
the burners and the up turned corrugations to the burners. This arrangement
permits of a part of the heated air escaping at a certain angle between two flames
in order to expand within the body thereof and then to feed the flames from below.
The burnt air passes through h and thence flows into the tubes i carried by the
plates m¹ m³ or around the conduits a to escape through the chimney. A single
central supply suffices with either of the two recuperators shewn in half vertical
sections in Fig. 6. The lighting is effected as in the other apparatus through the
top of the chimney or through the hole g. The silvered mirror ff increases the
lighting power.
The apparatus may be supported at its lower part. In this case a central hollow
candle like piece conveys the gas to the burners and the shade c is sealed upon a
metallic socket carrying this candle like piece.
As regards the lamps with converging or diverging horizontal flames, the intensity of
the flame may be still further increased by arranging other burners below the
burners e e so as to obtain a complete flame as shewn in dotted lines in Figs. 4 5 & 6.
In this case the flames are fed below by the external air descending directly in the
shade through the holes of a perforated crown. The type shewn in Fig. 8 is
applicable for railway carriages and is also suitable for petroleum lamps having a
flat wick the shade c being dispensed with. In this lamp the external envelope al
is fixed in the lantern and the gas pipe is located within this envelope. The
recuperating blower 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 which comprises the two envelopes a¹ all the

page_text: waved or corrugated plate a the distributor the reflector and the chimney is
removable and is placed in position after the burner is lighted, the shade c is
removed from the top. Lastly the type shewn in Figs. 9 & 10 specially applicable
to railway carriages is entirely of cast iron enamelled or coated with a suitable
paint.
The air for supporting combustion enters the zone in the direction of the arrows
through the openings v and descends through the conduits a in order to feed the
flame above and below as in Fig. 1.
The top of the burners must be slightly inclined so as to prevent the flame impinging
on the mirror or reflectors ƒ (Fig. 5).
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Horizontal Flame Lamps, Designed for the Com-
bustion of Gas or Oil by Aid of Heated Air.
I, HENRI DELMAS-AZEMA, of 15 Rue des Halles, Paris, France, Architect, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to improvements in lamps fed with air heated by regeneration
or recuperation, the burner having horizontal flames under a silvered enamelled
and refractory reflector which is also capable of storing heat.
Figs. 1 and 2 of the sheet of drawings filed with my Provisional Specification shew
respectively a vertical and a horizontal section of a lamp according to this invention
with a single horizontal flame.
Fig. 3 is a section of the same lamp carried from below.
Figs. 4 & 5 shew in section and in plan a lamp with several converging flames.
Figs. 6 & 7 shew in vertical and horizontal section a lamp with divergent flames and
special systems of recuperators.
Figs. 8, 9 and 10 shew the application of a lamp according to this invention to the
lanterns of railway carriages.
In all the figures like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.
The air for maintaining combustion is heated by means of a waved or corrugated
piece a enclosed between two envelopes al and a", and it travels through the apparatus
in the direction shewn by the arrows, that is to say, it ascends in the zone comprised
between the two envelopes all and a¹ and descends along the waved or corrugated
plate a. This air thus heated arrives in the globe or shade c and feeds the flame as
hereinafter more fully described.
Above the split burner e is arranged an air chamber or distributor d having the form
of a hollow tore. This air chamber has for its object to direct the air arriving through
a portion of the waves or corrugations of the plate a in a horizontal direction and above
the flame between the latter and the silvered reflector f which increases the luminous
efficiency of the apparatus.
This chamber or distributor d which may be of polished or enamelled metal or of
crystal or the like, is closed at its two extremities by means of walls or partitions d' d'
so as to properly direct the air above and over the whole extent of the flame. It is
maintained in place by a nut screwed upon the pipe g which brings the gas to the
burner; or it may be rivetted upon the envelope a".
Between this distributor and the opening hand on each side thereof the waved or
corrugated plate allows the air to flow vertically along the curved surface of the glass
shade or cap c; these two layers of air, arriving from opposite sides, meet at the bottom
of the shade and thence ascend without excessive velocity in order to feed the flame
from below.

page_text: The burner is lighted through the top of the chimney or through the hole q formed
in the wall a¹¹; the gas escaping from the burner is ignited through this bole.
The products of the combustion pass through the opening h, into the chamber or
drum i whence they escape through the chimney j.
In the arrangement shewn in Fig. 1 the apparatus is suspended at the top and the
gas enters directly by the pipe g located in one of the corrugations of the plate a.
The shade is held by a bayonet joint p or by a screw, a spring, a lever, or other
convenient means.
In the arrangement shewn in Fig. 3 the support of the apparatus is effected from
below. The gas from the regulator m ascends in one of the arms of the forked
support n n joined to the pipe g. The shade c is held in position by the crystal
shank and the spiral springs which presses the shade against the circular edge of
the envelope a¹¹.
A shade of opal or of silvered metal completes the apparatus.
The lighting is effected as in the apparatus described with reference to Fig. 1 or by
the aid of a tube perforated at c' and forming the prolongation of one of the branches
of the forked support n n.
When this type of lamp is designed for the lighting of railway carriages by
means of rich gas it is constructed of smaller dimensions and also for burning
vegetable and mineral oils.
To obtain a better distribution of light, there is placed in the centre of the shade ca
cone a either straight or parabolic, of silvered glass or of metal. This is designed
to form a mirror and to throw the vertical rays from bottom to top to illumine
the ceiling.
The lamp shewn in Figs. 4 & 5 comprises several converging flames having each
its air chamber or distributor, the construction of each being the same as that of the
single flame burner.
An upper dome g¹ distributes the gas to the different tubes
which carry
99
the
burners whose lighting power is increased by the inirror ff having the shape
of a disc either flat, curved, hollow, elliptical spherical parabolic hyperbolic or
the like.
The inverted cone K placed in the chamber above the opening for smoke and
products of combustion divides the lot air ascending from the flames and distributes
it over the circular wall a¹ of this heating chamber.
The lighting of the gas is effected through the chimney or by means of the
lateral lighting device q₁₁ perforated with holes at n and carrying the flame within
the burner.
11
The apparatus may be carried at its lower part like that shewn in Fig. 3. The gas
passes in through the two tubes of the forked support for feeding the dome ggl
which supplies the gas to all the burners.
Figs. 6 & 7 shew the type of the lamp with diverging flames. In this arrangement
the gas descends through the central conduit g and is divided at the burners e e e e.
The air for supporting combustion becomes heated while passing around the tubes or
flues or in the conduits a¹¹. It arrives in the central tube a¹ and flows out above
the burners e e which are covered over by a distributor d with corrugated edges, the
hollow or depressed corrugations corresponding to the spaces between the burners and
the up turned corrugations to the burners. This arrangement permits of a part of the
heated air escaping at a certain angle between two flames in order to expand within the
body thereof and then to feed the flames from below.
The burnt air passes through and thence flows into the tubes i carried by the
plates m² m², or around the conduits all to escape through the chimney.
A single central supply suffices with either of the two recuperators shewn in half
vertical section in Fig. 6. The lighting is effected as in the other apparatus through
the top of the chimney or through the hole q. The silvered mirror ff increases the
lighting power.
The apparatus may be supported at its lower part. In this case a central hollow

page_text: candle like piece conveys the gas to the burners and the shade c is seated upon a metallic
socket carrying this candle like piece.
As regards the lamps with converging or diverging horizontal flames, the intensity
of the flame may be still further increased by arranging other burners below the
burners e e so as to obtain a complete flame as shewn in dotted line in Figs. 4, 5 and 6.
In this case the flames are fed below by the external air descending directly in the
shade through the holes of a perforated crown. The type shewn in Fig. 8 is applicable
for railway carriages and is also suitable for petroleum lamps having a flat wick, the
shade c being dispensed with. In this lamp the external envelope a is fixed in the
lantern and the gas pipe is located within this envelope. The recuperating blower 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6 which comprises the two envelopes a¹ all the waved or corrugated plate a, the
distributor, the reflector and the chimney is removable and is placed in position after
the burner is lighted; the shade c is removed from the top.
Lastly the type shewn in Figs. 9 & 10 specially applicable to railway carriages is
entirely of cast iron, enamelled or coated with a suitable paint.
The air for supporting combustion enters the zone in the direction of the arrows
through the openings and descends through the conduits æ in order to feed the
flame above and below as in Fig. 1.
The top of the burners must be slightly inclined so as to prevent the flame impinging
on the mirror or reflector f.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a gas or oil lamp in which the air is heated on its way to the burner the
horizontal Hame arrangement obtained by means of a single slit nipple e as described
and shewn in Fig. 1.
2. In a gas lamp of the kind referred to in claim 1 the recuperator a a¹ all all
comprising a fluted or corrugated plate arranged between two envelopes a¹ and a¹¹ and
serving to heat the air proceeding from the external zone for feeding the flame as above
described.
3. In a lamp of the kind referred to the combination with the recuperator of the
distributor of air d in the form of a hollow tore closed at its two extremities and
directing the hot air above the flame which is also fed from below by air currents
arriving from the opposite sides of the fluted or corrugated plate, and ascending
without excessive velocity.
4. In a lamp of the kind referred to the forked support n n (Fig. 3) one of the
branches of which conducts the gas to the burner, while the other joined to the tube b
enables the lighting of the lamp to be effected, the globe e being held by the spring s
and the shank r.
5. In a lamp of the kind referred to the arrangement of several converging flames
each supplied by a distributor d, the products of combustion which pass through the
openings being divided and directed by the reversed cone k against the well a¹.
6. In a gas or oil lamp in which air is heated on its way to the burner, the combina-
tion of several divergent flames with a recuperator having vertical tubes i i, or
radial passages a", a central airway a¹ and hot air distributor d having an undulated
edge.
7. In a gas lamp having convergent or divergent flames, the addition of other
burners below the first for the purpose of producing a complete flame, and for
augmenting the lighting power, the flames being fed below by the exterior air
descending directly in the globe through holes in a perforated crown.
8. In a gas or oil lamp of the kind referred to in claims 1 & 2, and designed
for the lighting of railway carriages, the movable recuperator 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
Fig. 8, which can be put in position after the lighting of the burner.
9. In a gas or oil lamp of the kind referred to in claims 1 & 2, and designed
for the lighting of railway carriages, the movable recuperator of enamelled or
painted cast iron furnished with openings vv Figs. 9 & 10 through which passes

page_text: the inflow of air which re-descending by the channel a feeds the flame, the said
channel fulfilling the same purpose in the fluted or corrugated plate shewn in other
figures.
10. In the various types of lamps referred to the combination of the mirror feither
silvered enamelled, flat, curved upwardly, hollow, elliptical, spherical, parabolic,
hyperbolic, or otherwise formed, placed above the flame to augment its lighting power,
the movable cone a, of hollow silvered glass, or of metal forming a mirror, and placed
by itself at the centre of the shade or globe e to better distribute the light by throwing
the vertical rays upwards and the particular means for lighting consisting either of a
hole y pierced in the well a¹¹ or of an auxiliary pipe b, as described and shewn.
Dated this 18th day of June 1889.
H. DELMAS-AZEMA,
Per L. W.