аци Textile Plants.
Year: 1888

page_text: аци
Textile Plants.
I THOMAS CRITCHLEY BARRACLOUGH of 8 King Street, Manchester in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention to be as
follows:-
These improvements relate to machinery employed for extracting fibres of various
descriptions from textile plants such as, Flax and Hemp-Manilla, Sisal, New-
Zealand-Flax &c. China-Grass (Ramie) and similar plants in the dry or green state
and consist in an improved arrangement and combination of mechanism constituting
a "Breaker-Scutcher" whereby the processes
1st Of flattening the stems or leaves.
2nd Breaking the woody parts where such exist (as in flax and hemp).
3rd. Cleaning and scutching the fibre ; and
4th Dressing the fibre-are successively carried out.
In performing my invention a single feed roller is employed which acts on the
flutes of a fluted cylinder (hereinafter called the central fluted cylinder) for first
flattening the stems or leaves-this flattening process can be effected either by means
of a plain feed roller or by means of a fluted feed roller provided that the flutes of this
latter are arranged by suitable gearing to work against and not between the flutes of
the central fluted cylinder. In some cases as for instance when decorticating Ramie
and similar plants in the dry state a spiral or screw feed roller can be used instead
of the plain or the fluted feed roller.
Having passed between these rollers the breaking of the woody parts is effected by
means of one, two or more fluted rollers working or being driven by their flutes
gearing in the flutes of the central fluted cylinder which receives a revolving and
reversing motion as hereinafter described. The last of the fluted breaking rollers as
aforesaid is-so placed with regard to the central fluted cylinder that the stems or
leaves pass directly downwards in a vertical or almost vertical direction.
This

page_text: .
arrangement or disposition of the last of the fluted rollers is important as allowing
the stems or leaves to be subjected simultaneously and in almost their entire length
to the cleaning and scutching action of one or more pairs of scutching drums furnished
with scutching blades round their periphery and which are run at a great speed.―The
interlap of the blades of these drums is adjustable and can be increased or diminished
according to the tenacity of the material to be cleaned and scutched and with the
view of making the least possible quantity of waste or tow.
These scutching
blades may be of various forms and with various undulations, and alterations,
so as to effect the beating scutching or scraping of the fibres in all their parts
and from all directions thus producing an effectual scutching or cleaning of
such fibres.
すぐ
When treating green stems or leaves a jet or jets of water are caused to fall upon
the material whilst passing between the scutching drums.
The combing of the fibres is effected by placing below the first or second, or last
pair of scutching drums one or more combing cylinders provided with steel teeth
which comb the fibres in the degree in which the same are presented to such
combing cylinders. In order to comb very longifibres such as hemp &c. the
combing cylinder or cylinders may be replaced by endless aprons carrying lags in
which suitable combing teeth are inserted such as are employed in flax and hemp
combing machines.
These improvements further relate to a novel, simple and effective arrangement of
driving mechanism for this class. of machine.< i ...
The driving pulley and the main large spur wheel are affixed to each other
and mounted so as to run loose upon the axle of one of the scutching drums-this
main spur wheel gears into the pinion upon the axle of the other scutching drum.
In this manner the large spur wheel is driven in the same direction as the drum
Supon which it is mounted thereby reducing the number of working parts and
minimising friction.
In order to effect a thorough cleaning of the fibres it is indispensable to impart
to them a reverse or return movement between the blades of the scutching drums.
For this purpose a specially constructed friction disc is employed mounted upon the
"extremity of the central fluted cylinder axis. This disc provided with a pair of
concentric annular grooves one of such grooves being formed around and on the
inside of the rim or flange of the said disc and the other groove being formed
immediately opposite and in the same plane upon a large boss projecting from the inner-
face of the same disc.
=
26
Between these two grooves and so as to be placed in frictional contact with either
at will is a friction pinion mounted upon a stud at the extremity of a lever arm.
This friction pinion by preference forms one casting with a spur pinion which is
constantly driven by being geared through a similar spur pinion to the driving.
mechanism of the machine. It will be apparent that if the friction pinion by means
of its lever arm is brought into contact with the rim groove of the friction disc, the
-central fluted cylinder and all the rollers geared therewith will be driven in one
-direction whilst if the friction pinion be caused to enter the opposite or boss groove
of the friction disc the direction of movement will be easily and instantly reversed.
and the mechanism driven at an accelerated speed in the opposite direction-It is
found in practice that this improved system of reversing gear permits of the sudden
change of the direction of the movement or feed without occasioning any shock to
the teeth of the spur, wheels employed.

page_text: In order to effect a thorough cleaning of the fibres it is indispensable to impart
to them a reverse or return movement between the blades of the scutching drums.
For this purpose a specially constructed friction disc is employed mounted upon
the extremity of the central fluted cylinder axis d'. This disc la section of which is
illustrated separately (on an enlarged scale) in Fig. 5. is provided with a pair of
concentric annular grooves one of such grooves m being formed around and on the
inside of the rim or flange of the said dise and the other groove o being formed
immediately opposite and in the same plane upon a large boss p.projecting from the
inner face of the same disc.
Between these grooves and so as to be placed in frictional contact with either at
will is a friction pinion mounted upon a stud at the extremity of a lever arm r
This friction pinion revolves on the same axis with a spur pinions which is
constantly driven by being geared through a similar spur pinion s to a shaft t which"
in turn is geared direct and by means of the wheel to the main driving spur
⚫ wheel.k.
. It will be apparent that if the friction pinion by means of its lever arm ris
brought into contact with. the rim groove m of the friction disc the central fluted
cylinder d and all the rollers geared therewith, will be driven in one direction whilst,
if the friction pinion » be caused to enter the opposite or boss groove o of the friction"
disc the direction of movement will be easily and instantly reversed and the
mechanism driven at an accelerated speed in the opposite direction.
To facilitate the operating of the lever arm from the front of the machine-its
front extremity is connected by means of the rod and through the intervention of a
bell crank lever with a lever capable of moving sideways for effecting the.
reversing motion. It is found in practice that this improved system of reversing gear
permits of the sudden change of the direction of the movement or feed without
occasioning any shock to the teeth of the spur wheels employed.
Having thus described the mechanical arrangements and mode of communicating
motion to the various parts of our improved "Breaker. Scutcher " we will now
explain the various processes capable of being performed thereby.
The function of the single feed, roller bacting on the flutes of the fluted cylinder d
is that of flattening the stems or leaves as they enter the machine. This preliminary
flattening of the stems facilitates the breaking of the woody parts. enveloped by the
fibrous bark or skin without exposing the fibre to a shortening or tearing action-this
flattening process can also be effected by means of a fluted feed roller but we prefer
that the flutes of this latter be arranged by suitable gearing to work against and not
between the flutes of the central fluted cylinder. In some cases as for instance when
decorticating Ramie and similar plants in the dry state a spiral screw feed roller can.
be used instead of the plain or this fluted feed roller.
Having passed between these rollers the breaking of the woody parts is next
effected by passing the material between the fluted rollers.c,d and e which receive a
revolving and reversing motion as herein before described. The last of the fluted
breaking rollers is as already stated so placed with regard to. the central fluted
cylinder d that the stems or leaves pass directly downwards in a vertical or almost
vertical direction as indicated by the vertical arrow in Fig. 3.. This arrangement
or disposition of the last of the fluted rollers is important for the cleaning of the fibre
allowing as it does the stems or leaves to be subjected simultaneously and in almost
their entire length to the cleaning and scutching action of one or more pairs of
scutching drums gg and hh furnished with scutching blades around their periphery
and which are geared to run at a great speed. The interlap of the blades of these
drums is adjustable and can be increased or diminished according to the tenacity of
the material to be cleaned and scutched and with a view of making the least possible
quantity of waste tow.
The vertical direction assumed by the fibres on leaving the breaking rollers permits
the scutching drums of each pair to be placed on the same level-and also allows the
employment of a series of scutching drums the interlap of whose blades can be varied
in each pair.

page_text: These scutching blades may be of various forms and with various undulations and
alternations so as to effect the beating, scutching or scraping of the fibres in all their
parts and from all directions whilst being traversed to and fro between them as afore-
said and thus produce an effectual scutching or cleaning of such fibres.
In some cases we substitute a pair of cylindrical or circular brushes for one or more
pairs of the scutching cylinders or such brushes may be employed in addition to the
scutching cylinder.
The combing of the fibres is effected by placing below the first or second or last
pair of scutching drums one or more pairs of combing cylinders i provided with steel
teeth y which comb the, fibres in the degree in which the same are presented to such
combing cylinders. In order to comb very long fibres such as hemp, &c. the.
combing cylinder or cylinders may be replaced by endless aprons carrying lags in
which suitable combing teeth are inserted such as are employed in flax and hemp.
combing machines.
When treating green stems and leaves a jet or jets of water are caused to fall upon.
the material whilst passing between the scutching drums so as to facilitate the removal
of non-fibrous material and to wash the fibres..
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of this my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:
1
1st. The improved combination and arrangement of mechanism constituting a
Breaker Scutcher for decorticating, breaking scutching and dressing textile plants to
extract fibres therefrom substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described
and illustrated.
2nd. In a Breaker Scutcher the employment of fluted breaking rollers or their
equivalents so placed with regard to each other and the scutching drums that the.
stems or leaves on leaving the breaking rollers pass directly downwards in a vertical.
or almost vertical direction and are thus capable of being traversed to and fro between
one or more pairs of scutching drums substantially as and for the purposes herein-
before described and illustrated..
3rd. In operating Breaker Scutchers the employment of the double grooved friction
disc and pinion when mounted and operated substantially as and for the purposes
herein before described and illustrated.
1
Dated this 18th day of January 1009.
JOHN G. WILSON..
Patent Office, 55, Market Street, Manchester,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Apr., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 21st Jan., 1889
Comolete Specification Accepted, 9th Mar., 1889
[Partly communicated from abroad by NORBERT DE LANDTSHEER, of Paris, France,
Engineer, and is partly bis own invention.]
Improved Reversing Mechanism Applicable to Machine Tools,
Travelling Cranes, Mules, and for other Analogous Purposes.
I THOMAS CRITCHLEY BARRACLOUGH of 8 King Street, Manchester Engineer do
hereby declare the nature of my said invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the construction and arrangement of a system of frictional
reversing mechanism capable of affording a sudden change in the direction of the
movement of a machine without occasioning any shock to the teeth of the spur or
other gearing employed. It consists of a disc wheel mounted upon the driving shaft
of the mechanism requiring to be reversed in which disc wheel are formed a
pair of concentric annular V grooves one of which grooves being formed around
and on the inside of the rim or flange of the said disc and the other groove
being formed immediately opposite to such first mentioned groove and in
the same plane therewith upon a large boss projecting from the inner face of the
same disc.
Between these two grooves and so as to be placed in frictional contact with either
groove at will is a friction pinion mounted upon a stud at the extremity of a lever
arm. This friction pinion by preference forms one casting with a spur pinion which
is constantly driven by beinig geared through a similar spur pinion to the driving
mechanism of the machine. It will be apparent that if the friction pinion by means
of its lever arm is brought into contact with the rim groove of the friction disc, the
nachine tool or other mechanism will be driven in one direction whilst if the friction
inion be caused to enter the opposite or boss groove of the friction disc the direction
f movement will be easily and instantly reversed and the mechanism driven at an
ccelerated speed in the opposite direction.
D...

page_text: Instead of a single V groove in the rim and boss of the friction wheel in the
case of heavy machinery we employ a set of grooves arranged side by side
and have a corresponding set of projections upon the periphery of the friction
pinion.
JOHN G. WILSON,
Patent Office,
55, Market Street, Manchester,
Agent for the Applicant.
Improved Reversing Mechanism Applicable to Machine Tools,
Travelling Cranes, Mules, and for other Analogous Purposes.
I THOMAS CRITCHLEY BARRACLOUGH of 8 King Street, "Manchester, Engineer
do hereby declare, the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to the construction and arrangement of a system of frictional
reversing mechanism capable of affording a sudden change in the direction of the
movement of a machine without occasioning any shock to the teeth of the spur or
other gearing employed.
On the accompanying drawing Fig. 1 represents a front view and Fig. 2. a
plan view of my improved reversing mechanism and Figs. 3. and 4 represent
transverse sections shewing the friction pinion in two different positions in the
disc-wheel.
In all the views a represents a disc-wheel secured upon the driving shaft 6 of the
mechanism requiring to be reversed. In this disc-wheel are formed a pair of con-
centric annular V grooves-one groovo marked e formed around and on the inside of
the rim or flange d and the other groove marked e formed in a large boss projecting
from the inner face of the disc-the groove e being situated immediately opposite to
and in the saine plane with the groove c...
Between these two grooves c and e and so as to be placed in frictional contact with
either groove at will is a friction pinion g mounted upon a stud at the extremity of
the lever arm i. This friction pinion g by preference forms one casting with a spur
pinion which is constantly driven by being geared through a similar spur pinion k to
the driving mechanism of the machine.

page_text: It will now he apparent that if the friction pinion g by means of its lever arm i
is brought into contact with the rim groove c of the friction disc as seen in Fig. 4
the machine tool or other mechanism will be driven in one direction whilst if
the said friction pinion 9 be caused to enter the opposite or boss groove e of the
friction disc as seen in Fig. 3, the direction of movement will be easily and
instantly reversed and the mechanism driven at an accelerated speed in the opposite
direction.
My improved reversing mechanism is specially applicable to Machine Tools,
Travelling Cranes, Mules and other machinery requiring to be driven in two directions
as aforesaid.
Instead of a single V groove in the rim and boss of the friction wheel, in
the case of heavy machinery I employ a set of grooves arranged side by side and
have a corresponding set of projections upon the periphery of the friction pinion.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of this my said
invention and in what manner the saine is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
The improved combination and arrangement of reversing mechanism consisting of
a double grooved disc-wheel with a friction pinion so mounted and driven as to be
capable of being placed in frictional contact with either groove in the disc-wheel at
will substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described and illustrated on
the accompanying drawing.