IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DYES AND. COLORING MATTERS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Hanson Greville Williams
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th January 1861.
I, CHARLES HANSON GREVILLE WILLIAMS, of 39, Regent Square, Gray's Inn
Road, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DYES AND. COLORING
MATTERS," to be as follows:-
-Owing to the insufficient solubility in water and spirit of most of the blue
dyes at present known, there has been great difficulty in preparing purple dyes
from the new reds derived from aniline, and its homologues. Printers have
prepared purples by mixing comparatively insoluble blues (such as Prussian
blue and carmine of indigo) with the new reds, but it has been always
necessary to mix a thickening material with the purple so prepared, in order
to retain the blue in a state of suspension. To overcome this difficulty, I usc.
to produce a purple dye the blue dye or dyes which are produced by treating
quinine, cinchonine, strychnine, and brucine in the manner described in the
Specification of a former Patent granted to me, and dated 30th April 1859
(No. 1090), or by the treatment of the tar produced by the distillation of coal
shale, bones, and other organic substances, as is also described in the Speci-
fication of the said Patent. The blue dye or dyes thus produced are soluble
in spirit, and by mixing therewith the aniline red a purple solution is produced
capable of being used for dyeing purple colors on fabrics. Various shades
may be obtained by varying the proportions of the red and blue solutions.

page_text: Various processes for obtaining reds from aniline are at present known;
I employ for this purpose the following process:-I heat together a mixture
of nitrate of manganese and aniline, or any of its homologues, and afterwards
on treating the mixture with boiling water, the water dissolves out a portion
of the color, which may be obtained on cooling, when it will settle out. Any
of the color which remains dissolved may be obtained by taking advantage of
the fact of its being comparatively insoluble in saline solutions. On adding
therefore a soluble neutral salt to the liquid containing the red color, and
dissolving the said salt therein, the red coloring matter becomes precipitated,
and may be separated by filtration or decantation.
I also prepare a red color by treating aniline or any of its homologues with
anhydrous or hydrated chloride of antimony. With the former I proceed as
follows: I place two vessels one containing one part of aniline or any of its
homologues, and the other containing two and a half parts of anhydrous
chloride of antimony in a close vessel, so that the vapours of the chloride of
'antimony may slowly combine with the aniline or its homologues. The
resulting compound I mix with one half more aniline, and boil until a red
color is developed, when the coloring matter is extracted by boiling water in
the manner above described in preparing a red from nitrate of manganese.
When using the hydrated chloride of antimony, I mix one equivalent of it
with one equivalent of aniline, and evaporate the mixture until it becomes dry;
I then mix the dry compound with as much more aniline as will convert it
into a thin paste. I heat this paste until the red color is sufficiently developed;
I then extract the color by means of boiling water, and precipitate it in the
same manner as previously described in reference to the color obtained from
nitrate of manganese.