Improvements in Axle Bearings for Carts, Carriages, Railway Vehicles, and other purposes.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 13th May, 1896
Complete Specification Left, 15th Feb., 1897-Accepted, 3rd Apr., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Axle Bearings for Carts, Carriages, Railway
Vehicles, and other purposes.
I, JAMES MILL HORNE, of 7, Brunswick Street, Liverpool in the County of
Lancaster, Flour Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
This invention has for its object a bearing for the axles of carts, carriages, railway
vehicles, and other purposes, which will avoid excessive friction and reduce the
chances of the heating of the bearing to a minimum.
In carrying my invention into effect as applied to a cart or carriage axle on which
the wheels revolve while the axle is stationary, I form a box, which is fixed firmly
inside the nave of the wheel, and is of such an internal diameter that when the
journal of the axle is inserted there is room left between the journal and the inside
periphery of the box to admit of the insertion of a series of anti-friction bearing
rollers. The rollers may extend either from end to end of the box, or they may be
made in two or more lengths, there being also by preference a collar on the axle
journal to keep the anti-friction rollers in position. The box may, if desired, be
made in two halves so as to facilitate the insertion of the anti-friction rollers. The
axle is provided at the inside end of each journal with fixed collars to prevent
longitudinal play, a loose collar being preferably inserted between the fixed collars
and the boxes. The other ends of the journal are screwed to receive lock nuts and
the loose collar having been slipped on abutting against the outside end of the box
together with a washer, the lock nuts are screwed on and keep the axle in place,
an outside cap being then screwed on to prevent the access of dust into the bearing.
An arrangement of this kind will very greatly reduce the friction and require much
less power than hitherto to propel the vehicle.
The invention as applied to railway vehicles in which the wheels are fastened to.
the axles and the axles and wheels rotate together, is constructed on somewhat
similar lines, in that case an axle box being provided bored true inside to receive
the journal of the axle and a space left to insert between the journal and the interior
periphery of the box, the anti-friction rollers, which may be made in one length or
in two or more lengths as desired with collars on the journal as previously described.
To regulate longitudinal play, the front of the box may be provided with an
abutment by preference removable, against which the end of the axle abuts. The
box is formed in two halves so as to facilitate the bearing being put together or
taken to pieces as required, the two halves being bolted together in any suitable
manner.
It will be obvious that instead of anti-friction rollers, anti-friction balls may be
used, suitable grooves in that case being by preference formed in the journal to
receive them.
3000
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6 Lord Street, Liverpool, Patent Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Axle Bearings for Carts, Carriages, Railway
Vehicles, and other purposes.
I, JAMES MILL HORNE, of 7, Brunswick Street, Liverpool in the County of
Lancaster, Flour Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained.
in and by the following statement:-
This invention has for its object a bearing for axles of carts, carriages, railway
vehicles and other purposes, which will avoid excessive friction and reduce the
chance of the heating of the bearing to a minimum.
In carrying my invention into effect as applied to a cart or carriage axle on which
the wheels revolve while the axle is stationary, I form an internally cylindrical box
which is fixed firmly inside the nave of the wheel and is of such an internal
diameter that when the journal of the axle is inserted therein, there is room left
between the journal and the inside periphery of the box to admit of the insertion
of a series of anti-friction bearing rollers. The rollers may extend either from end
to eud of the box or they may be made in two or more lengths there being collars on
the journal to keep the anti-friction rollers in position. The box may if desired be
made in two halves so as to facilitate the insertion of the anti-friction rollers.
The invention is best described by aid of the accompanying drawings, in which,
Figure 1 is a plan view partly in section of the axle box and axle end of a cart
or carriage in which the axle is fixed;
Figure 2, a drawing on half the scale of Figure 1 of a railway axle box in which
the axle revolves;
Figure 3 is a part transverse section and part end elevation of this latter; and
Figure 4, a cross section of the axie with the rollers surrounding the same.
Like reference letters relate to like parts on all the drawings.
Referring first to Figures 1 and 2, A is the axle having in this instance three
collars B C and D turned thereon. In some instances I may place an anti-friction
metal bearing E in front of collar B. F is the axle box fitted into the hub of the
wheel, G cap for the same, H and I two stout washers, H being preferably of an
anti-friction metal, K and K nut and check-nut holding these washers firmly against
the collar D and also against the box F. Washer H is from time to time thinned
down in the centre or renewed to allow for wear. L L are anti-friction rollers
made of steel, iron, copper, brass, or other suitable material. They are rounded at
the ends and turned perfectly parallel. They can be made to fit closely between
the collars or to have a little play as shown. They can be lubricated either with
ordinary lubricants or with blacklead.
The mode of operation is as follows:-
The axle A being provided at the inside end of each journal with the fixed
collar B with or without an anti-friction washer to prevent longitudinal play, the
end of the axle is supplied with rollers which are tied round it by a string. The
end of the axle and the ends of the rollers are then inserted, and the two strings
successively removed. The same process takes place with the ioner rollers. The
washers Hand I are then applied, then the nuts and last of all the cap G is fixed
in place.
The invention as applied to railway vehicles in which the wheels are fastened to
the axles, and the axles and wheels rotate together, is constructed on somewhat
similar lines, see Figures 3 and 4, in that case an axle box being provided bored
true inside to receive the journal of the axle and a space left to insert between the
journal and the interior periphery of the box, the anti-friction rollers which in the

page_text: figures are shown in two lengths with collars on the journal as previously
described. To regulate longitudinal play, the front of the box may be provided
with an abutment N, by preference removable, against which the end of the axle
abuts. The box is formed in two halves so as to facilitate the bearing being put
together or taken to pieces as required, the two halves being bolted together in any
suitable mauner. There is no need describing these figures further than to say
that the parts M and N are preferably of brass or bronze, and part N which
prevents lateral play should be well lubricated to avoid friction. I have not showu
any lubricating devices. These can be fitted on and holes drilled for the oil in the
usual manner.
It will be obvious that instead of anti-friction rollers, anti-friction balls may be
used, suitable grooves in that case being by preference formed in the journal to
receive them.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. The arrangement of roller or ball bearings and axle boxes for the wheels of
carriages substantially as described in reference to Figure 1 of the drawings.
2. The arrangement of roller bearings for railway axle boxes or axle boxes in
which the axle revolves, in which there are two or more series of rollers with
rounded ends or balls separated and confined by collars having rounded necks
substantially as herein set forth.
Deted this 13th dor of February 1897
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.
Of Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, and London, Patent Agents.