IMPROVE- MENTS IN STATIONARY AND MARINE BOILERS OR STEAM GENERATORS, AND IN FEED WATER HEATERS OR ECONOMIZERS.
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Stead Crosland, of the City of Manchester,
.
in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STATIONARY AND MARINE BOILERS OR STEAM GENERATORS, AND IN
FEED WATER HEATERS OR ECONOMIZERS.”.
Sealed the 20th December 1872, and dated the 29th June 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Stead Crosland
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents with-hi
his Petition, on
the 29th June 1872.
I, JAMES STEAD CROSLAND, of the City of Manchester in th
of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STATIONARY AND MARINE BOILERS OR STEAM
GENERATORS, AND IN FEED WATER HEATERS OR ECONOMIZERS," to be as
follows:-
Firstly. My improvements consist in the combination and arrange-
ment of three or more cylinders or boilers, which are connected together
by one, two, or more rows of parallel or conical tubes. One or more of
these said cylinders are placed in the centre and at a higher level-than-
the one, two, or more cylinders, which are placed at each side of the
central cylinders. The cylinders at the sides extend from the furnace end
3

page_text: either the whole length of the central cylinder or cylinders, or only part
of it or their lengths. The furnace or fire-place is under the central
cylinder or cylinders and between the cylinders at the sides, so that by
such an arrangement of cylinders a complete furnace and flues are
formed almost independent of brickwork or any substitute therefor.
In some cases a row of tubes is arranged pendent from the bottom
of the central cylinder or cylinders with central partition tubes therein
to promote circulation.
Secondly. The improved steam generator or generators as above
described, and those described in the Specifications of my Patents,
No. 2083, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-nine, Number 2818, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and seventy, and Number 2749, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, and other high-pressure steam
generators hitherto used and intended only for stationary purposes, are
unsuitable for marine use because they are erected upon, and the flues
and coverings are formed by bricks applied in the ordinary manner; and
this part of my Invention refers to means or arrangements to be applied
to or combined with the class of steam generators above referred to, so
as to render such boilers available for marine purposes, which means
may be used and are applicable in some cases when the steam generators
are to be used for land purposes. The cylinders of the steam generator
referred to under the first head of my Invention are specially arranged
so that the spaces between them will be small, and can be easily closed
without using ordinary brickwork. This part of my Invention consists
in closing the spaces between the cylinders, above referred to, by metal
protected by fire-clay or other fire resisting and heat retarding material
or composition, and in fact substituting iron casings or metal plates
(which in some cases are protected as described) in place of brick walling
for the fire-places and flues hitherto used, with all the steam generators
above referred to; or my Invention consists in the use and application
of air-tight casings formed of cellular castings or plates bolted or rivetted
together, or in the use and application of casements formed of two
distinct internal and external platings having a cavity between them
so as to admit of air, non-conducting material or composition, and in the
application of fire-brick, blocks, or slabs, in some cases secured to the
exterior of the casings, whether double or single, by means of dovetail
recesses or otherwise; all or any of the means described being used-as a

page_text: substitute for brick walling so as to render all or any of those steam
generators, above referred to, applicable for marine purposes:
Thirdly. My Invention relates to further arrangements having the
object of making such steam generators as those hitherto used and
intended only for stationary purposes, available for marine use, and
consists in the use and application of a receiver or cylinder for steam,
partly filled with water, connected and in communication with the main
steam generator or generators, and placed above their water level; each
generator may have a separate steam receiver, or one receiver (placed
in a central position by preference) may be connected with several
generators, and when thus arranged, however much the vessel
may roll
or pitch, the water line in the generators will be undisturbed, as they
will be kept full from the water in the receiver. Guages are applied
to the receiver or receivers to show that the water line is maintained in it
or them at the proper level.
"
66
Fourthly. My Invention relates to the mode of constructing the
flues or chambers (hitherto formed of brick walling) in which fuel
economizers for heating feed water by the waste heat from the
generators are fixed, its principal object being to make such apparatus
applicable for marine purposes, though the improvements are intended
in some cases for land purposes; and my Invention consists in forming
the sides of the flues or chambers. for economizers of metal casings or
casements, such as or similar to those herein-before described under the
second head of my Invention, or wholly or partly by means of tubes
placed close together or cast in a connected form, and arranged so as to
be scraped on the inner sides by the mechanism which operates upon
the internal tubes of the economizers, the water to be heated first
entering the said side tubes before passing to the central tubes of the
economizer.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Stead Crosland in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 27th December 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
STEAD CROSLAND, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, send greeting.

page_text: In some cases a row of tubes is arranged pendent from the bottom of
the central cylinder or cylinders with central partition tubes therein to
promote circulation.
Secondly. The improved steam generator or generators as above
described, and those described in the Specifications of my Patents,
No. 2083,. A.D. 1869, No. 2818, A.D. 1870, and No. 2749, A.D. 1871,
and other high-pressure steam generators hitherto used and intended
only for stationary purposes, are unsuitable for marine use because they
are erected upon, and the flues and coverings are formed by "bricks
applied in the ordinary manner; and this part of my Invention refers to
means or arrangements to be applied to or combined with the class of
steam generators above referred to, so as to render such boilers available
for marine purposes, which means may be used and are applicable in
some cases when the steam generators are to be used for land purposes
The cylinders of the steam generator, referred to under the first head of
my Invention, are specially arranged so that the spaces between them
will be small, and can be easily closed without using ordinary brickwork.
This part of my Invention consists in closes the spaces between the
cylinders, above referred to, by metal protected by fire-clay or other
fire resisting and heat retarding material or composition, and in fact
substituting iron casings or metal plates (which in some cases are
protected as described) in place of which walling for the fire-places and
flues hitherto used with all the steam generators above referred to; or
my Invention consists in the use and application of air-tight casings
formed of cellular castings or plates bolted or rivetted together, or in
the use and application of casements formed of two distinct internal
and external platings having a cavity between them so as to admit
of air, non-conducting material or composition, and in the application
of fire-brick, blocks, or slabs, in some cases secured to the exterior of
the casings, whether double or single, by means of dovetail recesses
or otherwise, all or any of the means described being used as a substitute
for brick walling so as to render all or any of those steam generators,
above referred to, applicable for marine purposes.
Thirdly. My Invention relates to further arrangements having the
object of making such steam generators as those hitherto used and
intended only for stationary purposes available for marine use, and
consists in the use and application of a receiver or cylinder for steam,
partly filled with water, connected and in communication with the main

page_text: Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section; Fig. 6 is a cross section through
A, B, Fig. 5; and Fig. 7 is a cross section at C, D, Fig. 5, of another
modification according to my Invention. a, are three upper cylinders, the
steam spaces of which are connected to a cross cylinder a';' b, are three
lower cylinders but shorter than the upper cylinders a. The cylinders
I are connected by tubes 6', as shewn in Figs. 7, the centre lines of the
tubes coinciding with the axes of the cylinders, and the tubes are fixed
in an oblique or sloping position, as shown in Fig. 5, so as to be secured
to the exterior of the cylinders and separately removed and replaced
when required. fis the furnace, the flue passing between the upper and
lower cylinders a and b. The spaces between the cylinders are filled
with blocks of fire-brick material, and the sides between the upper and
lower cylinders are closed by slabs of fire-brick material secured to
metal plates
Fig. 8 is a longitudinal section; Fig. 9 is a cross section at A, B,
Fig 8; Fig. 10 is a cross section at C, D, Fig. 8, but of a modified.
arrangement of cylinders and tubes, and Fig. 11 is a plan section at E, F,
Fig. 8, of another modification according to my Invention. a, are the
upper cylinders, b, the lower cylinders forming the boiler, and connected
by tubes as shewn. Above the upper boiler cylinders short steam
cylinders m are placed, and connected to the boilers by tubes as shewn.
The steam cylinders mare partly filled with water and being compara-
tively short, and in the middle of the boilers the water level of the boilers
will not be affected by the motion of the vessel. When this modification
of my improved boilers is used for marine purposes, in each of the
steam cylinders there is a perforated baffle plate m¹ which will check the
motion of the water and prevent it from rising with the steam into the
cross cylinder n, connected with the two steam cylinders. The furnace f
is placed between the upper and lower boiler cylinders a and b; the space
between them after leaving the fire-bridge is divided by a partition to
form two flucs, the gases passing from the bridge under the upper
boilers a then return over the lower boilers b, and then return under the
lower boilers to the chimney. The spaces between the boilers are filled
by blocks of fire-brick materials secured to or resting upon métal
plates; the sides between the upper and lower boilers are also filled
with slabs of fire-brick material secured to metal plates, and the whole
boiler is supported on metal plates as shewn.
Fiz. is a cross section of a boiler similar to that shewn hv Fies. 8

page_text: and 9, except that the boiler cylinders are arranged and connected
differently.
In Figs. 8 and 11, an "economizer" is shown in connection with the
boiler..
The longitudinal section of the economizer is shown in Fig. 8, its plan 5
in Fig. 11, and a cross sectional elevation by Fig. 12.
The economizer as to the tubes and scrapers, and machinery for
working them, is of the ordinary construction, but the sides 1* are
formed by metal plates encasing ordinary brickwork, or with air spaces
or spaces for non-conducting material between them.
In Fig. 12, swivel dampers are shown, by which the gases can be
made either to pass between the tubes forming the economizer, or may be
shut off from it when required and made to pass to the chimney.
1
Fig. 13 is an end view, and Fig. 14 a plan shewing the sides of an
economizer formed of pipes (p), which may be cast two or three or more 1.
together and bolted to each other by flanges. The cold water is or may
be made to pass first into the exterior pipes forming the sides or casing
of the economizer before entering the tubes of the economizer.
Fig. 15, shows one modification of my improved boilers as applied to
steam vessels, the lengthway of the boiler being across the vessel, and 2
Fig. 16, shews a cross section of the boiler in the lengthway of the
vessel.
The arrangement of the boilers will be understood by inspecting the
Drawings. The spaces between the exterior cylinders are filled by slabs
of fire-brick material enclosed by or secured to metal plating. The 2
boilers are supported on vertical. The boilers are supported on vertical
cylinders Q, which communicate with the cylinders and act as chambers
for deposit which can be drawn off when required. The fire-grate surface
extends the whole length of the boilers, and the fuel is supplied through
doors (y) on opposite sides, the gases passing upwards to the chimney.
The tubes connecting the boiler cylinders are arranged diagonally, as
described in reference to Figs. 5 and 7.
Fig. 17 shows another boiler arranged across the vessel, and Fig. 18
the view in the lengthway of the vessel.
3

page_text: With the previous explanation of Figs. 8 and 9, and of Figs. 15 and 16,
the modification and arrangement shown by Figs. 17 and 18, will be
readily understood without further explanation.
I have now particularly described the nature of my Invention, and the
modes of carrying it into effect, and claim as my Invention,―
Firstly. The combination, arrangement, and mode of constructing
steam boilers and generators substantially as herein-before described and
illustrated by Figs 1, 2, 3, and 4, Figs. 5, 6, and 7, Figs. 8, 9, 10,
and 11, Figs. 15 and 16, and Figs. 17 and 18.
Secondly. The mode of constructing economizers substantially as
herein-before described and illustrated by Figs. 9, 11, and 12, and Figs.
13 and 14.
Thirdly. The diagonal arrangement of the tubes as shewn in Figs. 5
and 15, when the tubes cross from one cylinder to another, as shewn in
Figs. 7 and 16.
Fourthly. The arrangement of the furnaces so that fuel is supplied⚫
from one or both sides when the boilers are arranged, substantially as
described and illustrated by Figs. 15 and 16, and Figs. 17 and 18.
Fifthly. The closing of the spaces between the cylinders of the boiler
as described by metal protected by fire-clay- or fire resisting and heat
retarding material, or composition or blocks, or slabs of fire-brick
material, and the use of air-tight casings formed of cellular oastings or
plates bolted or rivetted together, or such casings with air spaces or non-
conducting composition between them in place of brick walling, for the
purpose and in the manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Stead Crosland, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of December, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
tron