AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR AND PRODUCT FROM THE TREATMENT OF IVORY OR BONE
Year: 1884

page_text: I MAXIMILIAN Low of 25 Richmond Street Saint Lukes in the County of
Middlesex, Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of my said invention for
"AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR AND PRODUCT FROM THE TREATMENT OF IVORY OR
BONE" to be as follows:-
My invention relates to the treatment of chips, pieces, shavings and refuse of
Ivory or Bone in such a manner as to reproduce the natural product as closely as
possible and thus obtain a valuable commercial article from refuse which has been
hitherto almost valueless or used only as manure, an additional advantage being
that the "product" can be cast, moulded or pressed into any desired shape, pattern
or form without the necessity of turning planing or drilling. To carry my
invention into effect I first, thoroughly cleanse the chips, pieces, shavings or refuse,
of Ivory or bone and then reduce them to a powder which I treat in the following
manner, and with approximately the following proportions of materials, 100 lbs of
the powdered Ivory or bone is placed in a Bath consisting of 200 lbs of preferably
hard water in which has been dissolved 10% of caustic soda or other suitable
alkali, the caustic soda being preferred. After eight hours immersion, during which
time the mass is frequently stirred I spread the stuff on a sieve, net or canvass
over which I cause pure filtered water to run slowly but continuously for 3 or
4 hours after which the then pasty mass is placed in a canvass bag and
continuously dipped into and withdrawn from a 3% solution of hydrochloric
acid for a space of about half an hour. It is then again washed by constant
change of pure water, until it is ascertained by testing that it has become almost
neutral when it is placed in an earthenware vessel and allowed to remain under
water for 24 hours. After this immersion the paste is put into a kneading
apparatus containing sufficient water to just cover it, said water containing in
solution about 4°. Phosphate of magnesia and 3% of Chloride of Sodium.
The paste should then be kneaded until it becomes a thoroughly amalgamated
mass with a smooth surface and whitish colour, after this point has been reached
it is taken from the kneading apparatus, drained and placed in a covered
earthenware vessel and left 6 hours. Having lost during the foregoing treatment
a portion of the gelatinous matter contained in the Ivory or bone I replace the
same in the following manner
I take 15 lbs best gelatine (and in no case more than 20 lbs or 20% though the
loss may exceed that percentage) and allow it to soak for 12 hours in water which
"

page_text: has preferably been previously used for moistening cement, the water being then
evaporated to its fullest extent over a water bath in an earthenware vessel, after
which while the gelatinous mass is still hot 2 lbs of boiled linseed oil of the very
best quality is stirred in and when the gelatine and oil are thoroughly mixed I
add rapidly 2 lbs of calcined magnesia and 1 lbs of oxide of zinc.
The mixture thus formed together with the pasty mass previously described
are placed in the kneading apparatus and worked together until they become
thoroughly amalgamated. During this last process, a small quantity say per
cent of dissolved alum should be kneaded in. The mass or paste is now ready to
be pressed, cast or formed into any desired shape.
Dated this eighteenth day of Santamber 1884

page_text: JATIVN
I MAXIMILIAN Low of 25 Richmond Street, Saint Lukes in the County of
Middlesex Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of my said invention for AN
IMPROVED PROCESS FOR AND PRODUCT FROM THE TREATMENT OF IVORY OR BONE,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to the treatment of chips, pieces, shavings and refuse of
Ivory or Bone, in such a manner, as to reproduce the natural product as closely as
possible, and thus obtain a valuable commercial article from refuse which has been
hitherto almost valueless or used only as manure, an additional advantage being
that the product can be cast, moulded or pressed into any desired shape, pattern
or form without the necessity of turning planing or drilling. To carry my
invention into effect I first, thoroughly cleanse the chips, pieces, shavings or refuse,
of Ivory or bone and then reduce them to a powder which I treat in the following
manner, and with approximately the following proportions of materials, 100 lbs
of the powdered Ivory or bone is placed in a Bath consisting of 200 lbs of
preferably hard water in which has been dissolved 10% of caustic soda or other
suitable alkali, the caustic soda being preferred. After eight hours immersion,
during which time the mass is frequently stirred I spread the stuff on a sieve, net
or canvass over which I cause pure filtered water to run slowly, but continuously
for 3 or 4 hours after which the then pasty mass is placed in a canvass bag, and
continuously dipped into and withdrawn from a 3° solution of hydrochloric acid
for a space of about half an hour. It is then again washed by constant change of
pure water, until it is ascertained by testing that it has become almost neutral
when it is placed in an earthenware vessel and allowed to remain under water for
24 hours.
°
°
After this immersion the paste is put into a kneading apparatus containing only
sufficient water to moisten the mass, said water containing in solution about 2 to
3% of Phosphate of Magnesia and 3% of Chloride of Sodium: The paste
should then be kneaded until it becomes a thoroughly amalgamated mass with a
smooth surface and whitish colour. After this point has been reached it is taken
from the kneading apparatus drained and placed in a covered earthenware vessel
and left 6 hours.
Having lost during the foregoing treatment, a portion of the gelatinous matter
contained in the Ivory or Bone I replace the same in the following manner.
I take 15 lbs of best gelatine (and in no case more than 20 lbs or 20% though
the loss may exceed that percentage) and allow it to soak for 12 hours in water,
which has preferably been previously used for moistening cement, the water being
then evaporated to its fullest extent over a water bath in an earthenware vessel,
after which, while the gelatinous mass is still hot 14 lbs of boiled linseed oil of the
very best quality is stirred in and when the gelatine and oil are thoroughly mixed
I add rapidly 11 lbs of oxide of zinc, the quantity of this latter may however

page_text: be increased according to the whiteness of the product desired. The calcined
magnesia, alluded to in my provisional specification as being added at this time,
I have since found by experiment had best be omitted.
The mixture thus formed together with the pasty mass previously described
are placed in the kneading apparatus and worked together until they become
thoroughly amalgamated During this last process, a small quantity say per
cent of dissolved alum should be kneaded in. The mass or paste is now ready to
be pressed and cast or formed into any desired shape.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
The improved process for treating Ivory or Bone and the product produced by
such process all substantially as hereinbefore described.