Improvements in Apparatus for Stirring, Mixing, or Kneading Substances.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 5th July, 1886.
Complete Left, 1st Apr., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 3rd May, 1887.
Improvements in Apparatus for Stirring, Mixing, or Kneading
Substances.
I, EDUARD QUACK, of Cologne, German Empire, Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to that description of apparatus for stirring, mixing or
kneading substances in which two loop-shaped stirrers situated on separate axes
arranged parallel to each other, are made to revolve so as to pass partly within or over
each other.
According to the present invention the two looped stirrers are so formed that
while their axes are situated closely side by side, so that the limb of the one
loop in revolving passes beyond the axis of the other loop, the outer surfaces of each
loop are made to sweep in contact with the inner surface of a hemispherical or
cylindro-spherical casing surrounding them, and also to pass with a scraping action
against the inner surfaces of the other loop.
According to one arrangement for this purpose, the looped stirrers have their outer
surfaces formed as the zone of a sphere, but with the parts near the axes of a less
width than at the middle of the loop, while the inner surface of each loop is so
formed that a cross section of the loop is of crescent shape with a double inner
curvature, this curvature being determined by the path of the edge of the other
loop in contact therewith. The outer surfaces of the loops may also be formed
with two separate curves meeting at the axial plane, instead of a spherical
curvature.
According to another modification the stirrers are formed as an annulus
having a helical twist round the axis of rotation, and according to a third
modification they may be formed of two crescent shaped limbs meeting at the
axis.
In each of the said arrangements, the axes of the two stirrers may be placed
horizontally either side by side, or the one above the other, or they may be arranged
vertically, the surrounding casing being either hemispherical or cylindro-spherical
according as the one or other arrangement is adopted.
ABEL & IMRAY,
28, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in Apparatus for Stirring, Mixing, or Kneading
Substances.
I, EDWARD QUACK of Cologne, German Empire, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to that description of apparatus for stirring, mixing,
or kneading substances in which two loop-shaped stirrers are situated on separate
axes arranged parallel to each other, are made to revolve so as to pass partly within
or over each other.
According to the present invention the two looped stirrers are so formed that while
the axes are situated closely side by side, so that the limb of the one loop in revolving
pass beyond the axis of the other loop, the outer surfaces of each loop are made to
sweep in contact with the inner surface of a hemispherical or cylindro-spherical case
surrounding them, and also to pass with a scraping action against the inner surface of
the other loop.
According to one arrangement for the purpose, the looped stirrers have their outer
surfaces formed as the zone of a sphere, but with the parts near the axes of a less
width than at the middle of the loop, while the inner surface of each loop is so
formed that a cross section of the loop is of crescent shape with a double
inner curvature, this curvature being determined by the path of the edge of the other
loop in contact therewith. The outer surfaces of the loops may also be formed
with two separate curves meeting at the axial plane, instead of a spherical
curvature.
According to another modification the stirrers are formed as an annulus
having a helical twist round the axis of rotation, and according to a third
modification they may be formed of two crescent shaped limbs meeting at
the axis.
In each of the said arrangements, the axes of the two stirrers may be placed
horizontally either side by side, or the one above the other, or they may be arranged
vertically, the surrounding casing being either hemispherical or cylindro-spherical
according to one or other arrangement is adopted.
Figs. I to 10 of the accompanying drawings shew stirring, mixing, or kneading
apparatus constructed according to my above described invention. Fig. 1 and 2 shew
vertical sections at right angles to each other of one arrangement with two stirrers
placed horizontally one above the other. Figs. 5 and 6 shew a vertical section and plan
of another arrangement in which the stirrers, placed one above the other as before, are
formed with a helical twist. Figs. 7 and 8 shew vertical section and plan of an
arrangement in which the stirrers are placed horizontally side by side. Fig. 9 shews a
sectional plan of apparatus in which the axes of the stirrers are arranged vertically

page_text: and Fig. 10 shews a vertical section of an apparatus with horizontal stirrers,
the casing of which is entirely closed in with the exception of an inlet and outlet
aperature.
In the arrangements at Figs. 1 to 6 the bottom surface of the pan is hemispherical
it might however be semi-cylindrical.
In the construction shewn at Figs. 1 and 2 the stirrers are so formed as to scrape
against each other, as indicated at Figs. 3 and 4, the bottom of the pan being also
wholly in contact with the lower stirrer.
The stirrers are caused to turn in contrary directions in all the arrangements, and
their axes are formed by trunnions only, so as to leave the inner space free for the one
stirrer to pass within the other.
The helical twist of the stirrers at Figs. 5 and 6 has for its object, to tend
continuously to draw the kneaded mass apart or to press it together, so that the
material is forced to the one side by the one stirrer and to the opposite side by the other.
With apparatus having horizontally arranged axes, as at Figs. 7. 8. and 10, the surface
of the pan between the centres of the axes does not come in contact with the stirrers,
but practically this is of very little importance as the distance apart of the axes can be
kept very small.
For discharging the contents of the pans, these are turned over on the axis
of one of the stirrers as shewn at Fig. 7, the axis of the other stirrer being supported
in a open bearing for this purpose. In the constructions with the stirrers one above
the other, the arrangement is as at Fig. 1, where the pan is first turned down on the
bearings of the lower axis until the upper axis rests upon the additional senti-circular
bearing surfaces on the framing indicated in dotted lines, whereupon the pan is further
turned over on this axis.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The herein described improved construction of apparatus for stirring mixing
or kneading substances wherein two stirrers arranged with their axes side by side
or one above the other, operate in combination with a pan of hemispherical, or semi-
cylindrical shape with spherical ends, in such manner that the bottom surface of the
pan is entirely passed over by the stirrers, these being so formed that the sides of the
one pass beyond the axis of the other.
2. The construction of stirrers substantially as herein described and shewn at Figs. 1
to 4 and 9 so that the sides of the one stirrer pass in contact with the inner surfaces of
the other stirrer.
3. The construction of stirrers with helical twist substantially as herein described
with reference to Figs. 5 and 6 of the drawings.