Improvements in the Formation and Connection of Plates or Blocks for Building Purposes, and Apparatus for Manufacturing the same.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Nov., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 15th June, 1896-Accepted, 12th Sept.,
1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Formation and Connection of Plates or Blocks
for Building Purposes, and Apparatus for Manufacturing the
same.
I, OTTO SCHWARZ of 48 Augustenstrasse, Munich, in the Empire of Germany,
Architect, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The present invention relates to building plates or boards having greatest
bearing strength with the least weight in consequence of their peculiar form, in
cross section.
The material of which they are made is unimportant. It may be gypsum,
cement, or similar substance with or without inserted binding means or material.
The plates are made of undulating or corrugated cross section on one side or
both sides and may be of any form and size, straight or curved or of any other
suitable shape. The corrugations may be rounded angular or of any other desired
cross sectional form. The most important use of such plate is for construction of
partitions.
If two boards or plates corrugated on one face are placed in contact with the
waved side upwards on the ground and a third similar board with the waved side
downwards is put on them so as to lie across the joint of the two former boards
the corrugations engage each other and the upper board may be fastened down to
the lower boards by nailing, cement, mortar or otherwise.
The three waved boards are thus united to form one solid whole. When such
boards are also put together so that also the joints or meeting places of the one
set alternate with or do not coincide with the joints or meeting places of the other
set, walls of any breadth and height may be made.
The accurate edges of the boards being covered alternately the wall may be
considered as being without joints as generally understood.
The nailing or mortar connection is of secondary importance the resistance of
the corrugations engaging with one another being the main strength of the
construction.
If the wall is of large size it is stiffened by flat bar irons standing upright
at intervals between the end joints of the corrugated boards.
Plates may also be made of cross section undulated on both sides, the edges
of the plates having grooves running all round and of any convenient cross
section.
These waved plates are put edge to edge so that the grooves in their lateral
and horizontal edges form channels which are filled with mortar during the
building up afterwards.
A framework of bars inserted in the grooves or some of them connects the
plates with each other.
!
This connection of the plates is, however insufficient only for a limited length
and height of the wall, flat iron bars or iron tubes are put in horizontally and
vertically into the grooves when larger walls are made and are fastened in by a'
filling of mortar or grouting. This iron frame is arranged in general in panels.
The perpendicular irons are fastened in the foundation of the wall, and the
horizontal irons form through braces.

page_text: With these boards or plates much less material is required for an equal
strength.
Half vaults or archings for insertion between iron girders may be made, the
same being curved and corrugated below and horizontal above so that at their
bearing ends or spring they are deeper than at their meeting ends or soffit. The
bearing ends may be made to fit onto or onto and under the flange of the girder
and passages may be left open lengthways in such bearing ends parallel with the
girder for the sake of lightness and saving of material.
The described forms of plates and boards are manufactured in the following way
that is to say, by means of the machines hereinafter described.
Boards or plates undulated on one side may be manufactured by means of a press
described in the specification accompanying my application for a Patent No. 21295
of 9th November 1895.
The same may also be used with suitable change of form for manufacturing the
vault or arching plates above described.
If the plates are to be partly hollow suitable fillings are put into the form and
kept at the desired places.
When boards or plates are to be made, which are undulated on both sides a
machine may be employed having an under frame and carrying a plate and a rail.
On the plate pillar-bearings are fixed in which spindles are journalled carrying
right and left screw threads. The spindles carry toothed wheels by which through
other toothed wheels all four spindles, two on each side are equally driven from
one shaft with hand wheel.
By turning the spindles the corrugated mould plates are displaced by arms
operated by the nuts on the spindles. The ends of the mould are formed by a
frame capable to be displaced on the rail. The bars of this frame are composed
of a wooden bar, two angle irons laterally there of and a flat iron on the inner face
of the bar. The lower frame piece is provided with rollers which run on the rails.
The separate pieces of the frame are connected with each other by screws or
bolts.
Dated this 29th day of November 1895.
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C.,
Agents to Applicant.
Improvements in the Formation and Connection of Plates or Blocks
for Building Purposes, and Apparatus for Manufacturing the
same.
I, OTTO SCHWARZ, of 48 Augustenstrasse, Munich in the Empire of Germany,
Architect do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
The present invention relates to building plates or boards, having the greatest
bearing strength with the least weight in consequence of their peculiar form in
cross section.
'
The material of which they are made is unimportant.. It may be gypsum,
cement, or similar substance with or without inserted filling or binding means or
material.
The plates are made of undulating or corrugated cross section on one or both
sides and may be of any form and size, straight or curved, or of any other suitable

page_text: shape. The corrugations may be rounded, angular or of any other desired cross
sectional form.
A wall formed of such undulating plates or boards is represented in Figs. 1 and 2
in elevation and in cross section respectively.
The most important use of such plate for construction of partitions.
If two boards or plates A corrugated on one face are placed in contact with the
waved side upwards on the ground and a third similar board with the waved side
downwards is put on them so as to lie across the joint of the two former boards
the corrugations engage each other and the upper board may be fastened down to
the lower boards by nailing, cement, mortar, or otherwise according to the nature
of the materials used. The three waved boards are thus united to form one solid
whole.
When such boards are also put together so that the joints or meeting places of
the one set alternate with or do not coincide with the joints or meeting places of
the other set walls of any breadth and height may be made. The accurate edges
of the boards being covered alternately; the wall may be considered as being
without joints as generally understood.
The nailing or mortar connection is of secondary importance; resistance of the
corrugatious engaging with one another being the main strength of the con-
struction. If the wall is of large size it is stiffened by flat bar irons a standing
upright at intervals between the end joints of the corrugated boards.
The plates B may also be made of cross section undulated on both sides, the
edges of the plates having grooves running all round and of any convenient cross
section.
The most important application of these undulated plates is for forming walls;
Figs. 3 and 4 represent in elevation and plan part of a wall formed of such plates,
the general construction of which is as follows:-
:-
These waved plates B are put edge to edge so that the grooves in their lateral
and horizontal edges form channels which are filled with mortar during the building
up or afterwards. Such inserted cement connects the plates with each other.
This connection of the plates is however sufficient only for a limited length and
height of the wall; flat iron bars or iron tubes are put in horizontally and
vertically into the grooves when larger walls are made and are fastened in by a
filling of mortar or grouting. This iron frame is arranged in general in panels.
The perpendicular irons are fastened in the foundation of the wall and the
horizontal irons form through braces.
For forming corners in the wall special pieces C are used the cross section of
which is to be seen from Fig. 4. Also four of these pieces can be put together to
form a post or buttress to be constructed in the surface of the wall.
With these boards or plates much less material is required for an equal strength.
Half vaults or archings for insertion between iron girders may be made with the
highest bearing strength and the least weight if one gives them the cross section
shown in Figs. 5 and 6; the same being curved and corrugated below and
horizontal above so that at their bearings ends or spring 1 they are deeper than at
their meeting ends or soffit 2. The bearing ends may be made to fit into or onto
and under the flange of the girder (see Fig. 5) and passages & may be left open
lengthways in such bearing ends parallel with the girder for the sake of lightness
and saving of material.
The described forms of plates and boards are manufactured in the following way,
that is to say, by means of the machines hereinafter described.
Boards or plates undulated on one side may be manufactured by means of a
press described in the specification accompanying my application for a Patent
No. 21295 of 9 November 1895.
Fig. 8 shows the cross section of such a press. The same may also be used with
suitable change of form for manufacturing the vault or arching plates above
described.
Tr

page_text: Fig. 7 a longitudinal section of such a form press.
As will be seen therefrom, the bottom d is correspondingly shaped to the vault
form. Also the support k is curved to fit the bottom. The bottom is movable in
a frame c, round a pin e and is of angular shape in order that it may form with one
side the complement of the framing. The cover g turning round a hinge joint is
arranged on the frame and the projection i offers a support to the cover when it is
opened. On the cover is arranged a plate h, which projecting into the form,
completes the form of the vault plate. In order to press the cover, when it is
closed strongly upon the frame, turnable eccentric levers m are fixed at on the
frame. The bottom is undulated as will be seen from Fig. 7 in order to give the
desired cross section to the vaulting plates.
.
If the plates are to be partly hollow (Fig. 5) suitable fillings are put into
the form and kept at the desired places.
When boards or plates are to be made, which are undulated on both sides a
machine may be employed as shown in Figs. 9, 10, and 11; Fig. 9 is an elevation;
Fig. 10 a perpendicular and Fig. 11 a horizontal section.
On the under frame o a plate o¹ and a rail o² with flange os are placed. On the
plate o pillar bearings p are fixed in which the spindles p² are journalled carrying
right and left screw threads. The spindles carry toothed wheels q² by which
through another toothed wheel g', both spindles are equally driven from one shaft pl
with hand wheel q. By turning the spindles the corrugated mould plates rare
displaced by arms r operated by the nuts on the spindles. The ends of the mould
are formed by a frame capable of being displaced on the rail o². The bars of this
frame are composed of a wooden bar s, two angle irons & laterally thereof and a
flat iron on the inner face of the bar. The lower frame piece is provided with
rollers which run on the rails. The separate pieces of the frame are connected
with each other by screws or bolts u u² u² u³.
After the form plates have been removed from one another, the perpendicular
frame pieces are fixed by setting up the screws u and u. The upper frame piece
is opened. The form frame is pushed now between the form plates and the form
plates are pushed to the frame. The hollow space thus formed is then filled with
the material and the upper frame piece is turned downwards round u³; lastly in
order to close the frame entirely the pin u² is put in and set up.
When the medium is sufficiently set the form plates are removed from one
another by means of the hand wheel g and the frame is pushed along on the rails.
The undulated plate remains however in the form frame until it is entirely
hardened, from which frame it can easily be removed, after loosening the screws
and turning away the parts of the frame.
Lastly it may be still said, that the described boards and plates render possible
a simpler and cheaper building of external walls, and partitions, (inner), ceilings
and constructions, of vaults etc. They present advantages which are not obtained
with flat plates and boards.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this said inven-
tion and in what manuer the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Building plates and boards for building walls and partitions and formed sub-
stantially of materials such as described and provided on one or both sides with
corrugations of round angular or other profile.
2. Building plates especially for vaults r bearing beams with the cross section
represented in Fig. 5, or a similar section, in which the lower side may be provided
with the corrugations described in Claim 1.
3. Walls, ceilings, partitions and the like built of the undulated boards or plates,
marked in Claim 1 or made by arranging the undulated boards to engage into each
other with their corrugated surfaces stacked upon and near each other and stiffened
by means of flat irons a brought into the joints.
4. Walls partitions and the like composed of the corrugated boards or plates

page_text: described in Claim 1 placed against and upon one another and their end furrows
engaged in a frame work 6 of flat iron filled in with mortar, specially formed posts C
being used at the corners or otherwise substantially as described.
5. For manufacturing the vault plates described in Claim 2-a form press,
having an undulated bottom, capable of being turned round in a frame and resting.
on a support k, said bottom being shaped like the lower side of half a vault arch
and capable of being turned out of the form, and a cover y with eccentric levers m
for pressing the material in the form and completing the shape of the vault plates.
6. For the manufacture of the boards or plates undulated on both sides, described
in Claim 1; a forming machine having two form plates capable of being dis-
placed by means of toothed wheels q¹ q² on spindles p² with right and left handed
threads, which plates are of undulated cross section and have a frame a capable of
being moved between the plates, the lateral parts of which frame are capable of
being turned on pins u u'u³ and which frames are provided in their inner sides with.
lists for forming end grooves.
Dated this 15th day of June 1896.
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C.,
Agents for Applicant.