CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC APPARATUS SUITABLE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MOTIVE POWER OF HEAT AND LIGHT
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME I EDWARD
CLARENCE SHEPARD of Parliament Street in the City of Westminster and
County of Middlesex Gentleman send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland bearing date at Westminster the Twenty-fourth day of
October One thousand eight hundred and fifty in the fourteenth year of Her
reign did for Herself Her heirs and successors give and grant unto me the
said Edward Clarence Shepard my exors admors and assigns Her especial
license full power sole privilege and authority that I the said Edward Clarence
Shepard my exors admors and assigns or such others as I the said Edward
Clarence Shepard my exors admors or assigns should at any time agree
with and no others from time to time and at all times during the term of
years therein expressed should and lawfully might make use exercise and
vend within England Wales and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed and in
the Islands of Guernsey Jersey Alderney Sark and Man and in all Her
said Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad my Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC APPARATUS SUITABLE FOR THE PRODUCTION
OF MOTIVE POWER OF HEAT AND LIGHT" communicated to me by one Floris
Nollet of Brussels in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that
I the said Edward Clarence Shepard shall cause a particular description of
the nature of my said Invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal to be
A

page_text: enrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent as in and by the same reference being thereunto had will more fully
and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE that in compliance with the said proviso I the said
Edward Clarence Shepard hereby declare that the nature of the said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is performed according as the same have
been communicated to me by the said Floris Nollet are fully set forth and
ascertained in and by the present Specification thereof reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed that is to say the said Invention may be
described generally as consisting
Firstly of certain improvements in the means and apparatuses used for
developing electricity and applying that physical agent to various useful
purposes.
And secondly in certain improvements in magneto-electric apparatuses or
arrangements having for their object the production of different physical and
chemical phenomena and more especially the disengagement of certain gaseous
elements which by their elasticity their dilatation and their combination
produce either motive power or light or heat.
I. DESCRIPTION OF THE IMPROVED APPARATUSES.
Figure 1 A B and A¹ B' are parts of four compound magnets each
composed of from 7 to 9 bars of very hard tempered cast stecl not
less than eighty-four centimetres (33 inches) in length 5 centimetres
(2 inches) in breadth eight centimetres (three and one eighth inches) in
thickness magnetised by means of electro-magnetism. Each bar is bent
into two parallel legs about four to five centimetres (one & five eighths of
an inch to two inches) apart. These four magnets are arranged in two pairs
by means of plates of wood or brass and brass adjusting screws c c the
magnets being kept at the same distance apart as the bars of which each
magnet is composed. The two pairs of magnets are fixed horizontally on the
base of the frame of the apparatus so that their opposite poles A B A B₁
face one another and at such a distance that the ends of four helices pass
during their rotation immediately over and between the poles of these magnets
and as near to them as may be without touching. The positions of the
magnets A & B are indicated by dotted lines C C. CC are the four
helices forming part of a set of eight connected by the armatures D D and
D¹ D¹ Figure 2 which cross one another being furnished with an insulating
substance interposed between them at the point of intersection. The helices

page_text: are united in pairs by being mounted upon a wooden spindle the whole are
joined together by the armatures D D and the axle a. These helices are
formed of two wires of very fine copper about one millimetre (one thirty-
second of an inch) in diameter covered with some insulating substance as silk
cotton varnish or what is still better a thin layer of gutta percha, through
which the wire has been drawn while both wire and gutta perch are at a
temperature nearly that of boiling water (one hundred degrees centigrade).
These two wires are wound in the ordinary manner round a hollow soft iron
axis about five to six centimetres long (two to two & three eighths inches)
and about four centimetres (one & five eighths inches) in diameter. The
length of each of these wires should at least be about one hundred and fifty
metres (one hundred and seventy yards). The hollow cylindrical centres or
axes of the helices terminate in two plates of about three centimetres (one and
a quarter inch) in width bent back against the discs or ends of the helices and
the extremities of the plates are bent up at right angles to a height of from
five to six millimetres (three sixteenths of an inch) and kept sufficiently
apart to allow of the poles of the magnets passing freely without touching
during their rotation. The horizontal axis a is centred on two steel pivots and
passes through the middle of the armatures where it is firmly secured to them.
This axis carries two pairs of ivory discs E E E E into which are inserted
four segments of copper cemented by means of gutta percha and separated
by slips of ivory of about one millimetre (one thirty-second of an inch) in
thickness which last are kept a little in relief to prevent the copper segments
from ever touching two of these slips at once. Figure 3 is a side view of one
of these discs. The metallic segments communicate by means of arms arranged
in the form of a cross the direction of the diagonal of one disc corresponding
to the diagonal of the other of the same pair whereby all the currents are made
to flow in one direction. F is a pulley about three centimetres (one and a half
inches) in diameter over which is carried a gutta percha band which passes
over a second pulley of about 1.5 metres (fifty-seven inches) in diameter placed
immediately above the other which arrangement allows of a rotary speed of from
fifty to one hundred revolutions per minute being obtained with at the utmost
not more than half a man's power. By these means two pairs of primitive
currents constant in one direction and of an intensity capable of producing
various physical phenomena such as of heating to redness and melting metallic
wires and rendering large cones of carbon incandescent causing rapid chemi-
cal decompositions &c. but instead of making them thus act on the poles of
the wires which terminate this arrangement of primitive current helices they
are made to communicate and pass into one or other of two supplementary

page_text: systems herein-after described namely the system of spirals or the system of
current condensers. In Figure 4 G and G¹ represent two arrangements of
spirals composed of a hollow central cylindrical axis made of magnetized
metal from eight to ten centimetres (three and a half to four inches) in
diameter about twelve centimetres (four and three quarters inches) in length
and terminating in two discs of dry varnished wood. To form the spirals
two series of round or flat copper insulated wires of as nearly equal diameter
as may be to that of the electro-multiplying helices and exactly of the same
length as the distance between the two discs are arranged on a horizontal
plane like the warp of a web. The wires thus arranged are wound on the
central axis and parallel with it so as to form a cylinder of about fifteen
centimetres (six inches) in diameter one of these cylinders communicates by
the central end of the first spiral with the wire of the positive pole of two
pairs of primitive currents. The other end of that spiral is soldered to the
central extremity of the third spiral so that the second spiral has its two ends
free. The upper end of the third spiral is in its turn soldered to the central
end of the fifth spiral leaving the fourth free and so on throughout the
series the same arrangement being adopted for the second pair of currents.
It results from this arrangement that all the spirals of odd numbers are
soldered together and form one immense helix traversed by the primitive
current whilst each of the spirals of even numbers is individually traversed
by a current of induction. The same phenomenon takes place in the second
cylinder but here the currents are reversed because the large helix likewise
formed of the odd spirals communicates with the negative pole of the first
pair of primitive currents. By soldering the centre or inner end of an odd
spiral of the first cylinder with the end of the circumference of the corresponding
spiral of the second cylinder the two free ends of these spirals form the two
poles of a powerful induced or secondary current capable of producing the
same phenomena as the primitive current. It has been proved by experi-
ment that a wire traversed by an electrical current will produce a current
of induction or secondary current in an adjacent wire bent back in any
given direction as long as it is parallel to and does not cross the direction of
the wire of the primitive current but in all helices with double wires hitherto
contrived the induced or secondary currents do not perfectly realize these two
essential conditions because the wires are forced to cross each other and to
return in an opposite direction to the other extremity of the helix. Now in my
arrangement of spirals on the contrary the direction of the wires remains con-
stant from one end to the other and each spiral of the induced or secondary cur-
rent is enclosed throughout its whole length between two spirals traversed in the

page_text: same direction by the primitive current whence it necessarily follows that the two
currents must act concurrently so that each shall have a tendency to increase
the power of the other. If this primitive current did not exist and the two spirals
placed one to the right and the other to the left were traversed by currents in
the same direction as they are in the case supposed it is evident that they
would produce in the spiral interposed between them an induced current in the
same direction as that of the actual primitive current. It appears farther
from recent experiments that the electric current traverses a copper wire
such as I employ with a speed of at least one hundred thousand leagues per
second so that if the wire were of that length and an intermittent current
were passed through it each second it would be continuous in the wire
because it would always enter by one end of the wire just as it passed off by
the other but if instead of one vibration or one induction per second it were
possible to produce one hundred or more in the same time it is evident that a
current of proportionably increased intensity would be produced. In place of
the wires flat spirals of thin metal two or three times broader than the wires
may be substituted with advantage.
II. OSCILLATING SYSTEM.
Another arrangement of the system of helices which I have found to succeed
well consists in fixing the whole of the eight helices at the end of a
pendulum of about one metre (thirty-nine inches) in length mounted in a
frame as represented in Figure 5 having a vertical oscillatory movement
between the poles of the magnets which are arranged horizontally a similar
arrangement being adopted at the other end of the lever. Eight pairs of
helices h h h h may be then set to work at the same time and this number
may be doubled trebled or even increased at pleasure within a certain limit
by prolonging the arms of the lever to a sufficient extent for which purpose
the levers may if necessary be composed of several parts articulated or
jointed together. The movement of the pendulum is communicated and the
range of the oscillations regulated by means of an excentric L the lower
end of the rod M of which is jointed to one of the arms B of the pendulum
or lever N at a convenient distance from the fulcrum O. This excentric is
fixed on a shaft placed perpendicularly over the lever and put in motion by
two pullies P P¹ and band R. the small pulley P is placed on the shaft of the
excentric and the large pulley P¹ is about twenty or twenty-five times the
diameter of the smaller one is put in motion by means of a handle S.
III. ROLLING SYSTEM.

page_text: their horizontal position but the helices (hh h¹ h¹) are carried on a little
carriage C which runs on rails R R and passes alternately in front of the
poles of the magnets by means of a to and fro movement derived from two
excentrics keyed on one common axis side by side but diametrically opposed
in their excentricities in order that there may be an equilibrium of action on
both sides of that axis each excentric moving the same number of pairs of
helices. For the eccentrics cam wheels may be substituted or any other
equivalent mechanical means. By this sort of movement little force is ex-
pended and at the same time there is little risk of derangement of the
parts. The different parts of the rails R R are insulated from each other by
ivory plates B B. C is one of the carriages by which the helices are made to
travel in front of the magnets. Any desired number of these little magneto-
electric waggons may be placed on the same rails and may be put in motion
by the same mechanism. The ivory plates BB serve to break the flow of
the currents and the cross bars X X unite them again so that they may all
flow in one direction.
IV. THE ACTIONS AND RE-ACTIONS OF SOFT IRON ON THE HELICES WITH
PRIMITIVE CURRENTS AND ON THOSE WITH INDUCED CURRENTS.
Experiments which have been made proved that the actions of currents for
developing magnetismn in soft iron and the re-action of this same soft iron
transformed into a temporary magnet are not reciprocal in the different
relative positions which may be given to them. For example it is known
that if soft iron is enveloped in a helix of wire or metallic ribbon covered with
some insulating substance and brought near to the pole of a soft iron magnet
there is an electric current induced in the wire and if reciprocally an electric
current is made to pass through the helicoidal wire, magnetism is developed in
the soft iron without the presence of any magnet, but if the metallic wire helix
is placed in the hollow soft iron cylinder and the soft iron is subjected to the
action of the poles of a magnet even of a very powerful one no current is
developed in the helix. But it is not the same thing as to the action and re-
action of two insulated helices mounted end to end upon one hollow axis. In
this case if the primitive current is made to pass into the upper helix a
current of contrary direction is produced by induction in the lower helix while
at the same time the soft iron centre is magnetized which in its turn re-acts
on the lower helix in a manner corresponding with the action of the upper
helix. There is thus obtained in the lower helix a very powerful current by
double induction and the primitive current far from being weakened is
increased by the re-action of the electro-magnet so that it can be made to pass

page_text: When the positive polar wire of the primitive current is brought into com-
munication with a thin leaf of metal or even with leaves of paper thinly coated
with metal such as copper silver or gold leaf or with varnish and also
against another similar sheet communicating with the negative polar wire the
current is condensed on these leaves and by separating them quickly and
repeatedly a very remarkable increase in the intensity of the current is
produced accordingly it has been found that the prolongation of the conducting
wires soldered to the end of these leaves yields to a decomposing instrument
(rheometer) a quantity of gas greater than when the polar wires of this current
pass directly to the rheometric apparatus. The idea therefore suggested itself
that if there were placed in the middle of this condenser another. similar
condenser charged with a considerable quantity of electricity that condenser
would transmit its electricity to a second condenser of the same sort or to the
pole of induced or secondary currents as before-mentioned and thereby greatly
increase their intensity. These condensers acquire a still greater power when
constructed of very thin metallic bars varnished and wound round a roller or
hollow cylinder made of well annealed thin sheet iron. From these arrange-
ments I obtain a series of very powerful induced or secondary magnets. The
success attending the preceding arrangements led to the trial of an experiment to
make the primitive current pass through dry piles (piles sêches) and through
secondary piles (piles secondaires) and the result has shown that a considerable
increase may be thus effected both in the primitive current and in the induced
or secondary currents. So also it seemed that a very advantageous improve-
ment might be made in the apparatus for decomposing water acids salts &c.
by charging the portions of any liquid desired to be decomposed with fluid of a
corresponding character.. For example if the portion of the liquid (say water)
required to be decomposed in which the positive pole has been plunged and
at which pole the oxygen should be given off were already positively elec-
trified then it should seem to follow that on the discharge of the positive
currents taking place the action of the positive fluid with which that portion
of the water is already saturated would unite with the action of the polar fluid
to attend the oxygen and repel the hydrogen and a like arrangement being
applied to the negative wire it ought also to produce an analogous action. If

page_text: Both
so then that concurrence of actions ought to increase the decomposition of the
liquid and consequently the production of gas. And this is in fact what is
accomplished by the arrangement of decomposing apparatus next to be
described. I bend a glass tube into two branches A A as represented in
Figure 8 which I contract or narrow at the bend B. I insert into each
branch a tube of copper C C and connect it closely to the glass by a resinous
luting. To the lower end of this tube which is open there are soldered from
ten to fifteen ends a a a of fine platina wire placed at equal distances from
one another and disposed in the form of a circle. These wires are immersed
about one centimetre (three eighths of an inch) in the liquid to be decomposed
which is contained in the glass tube. The copper tube CC should be
carefully varnished on the inside especially in all that part which is inserted
into the glass tube. The copper tubes are closed at top by well luted stoppers
D. D made of varnished cork through which two tubes are passed one of
which E is of glass and immersed in the liquid to be decomposed outside the
glass tube E is connected to or prolonged by a tube made of gutta percha or
india rubber or of glass or metal varnished on the inside and of about one
metre (thirty-nine inches). long. The outer surface of this last tube is coated
with metal that may act partially as a polar conductor and communicate
with the copper tube from which the platina wires are dependent.
branches of the tube are alike in their construction. By these means the
liquid contained in the outer tube is electrified by induction and consequently
charged with fluid of the same character as that of the polar wire which acts upon
it. The liquid of one side passes to the polar tube of the other and reciprocally.
It may here be observed that in order to preserve the flexibility of the
gutta percha or india rubber tubes without imparing their quality as conductors
either inside or outside they are covered with a thin continuous metallic
surface by means of electrotyping and if necessary these surfaces are also
varnished over with a solution of lac added to gutta percha. When decompo-
sition is required to take place in a great number of vessels at the same time it
will be found advantageous to employ a long prismatic porcelain trough
divided by cross partitions into compartments communicating with one another
two by two in order to separate the gases as in the case of the tube with two
branches. This trough should be provided with a rather larger edge or flange
to which an overlapping cover should be carefully luted and further fixed
by means of a metallic frame with adjusting screws. There should be two
circular openings in the cover above each of the two cells of the same com-
partment as shewn in Figure 9 and the openings should be luted where
the tubes are inserted as represented at Figure 8. When great quantities

page_text: flame more white and more intense.
VI. APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING IN A VACUUM.
When it is desired to light by means of the incandescence of charcoal I
employ an arrangement of apparatus similar to that which is represented in
Figure 10. A is a globe of glass which may if desired be ground or
obscured on the inside in order to disperse and soften the intensity of the
light. The stopper B of this globe is very carefully luted, and two insulated
polar wires P and N of about two millimetres in diameter are passed.
through it. One of these wires is soldered to the side and towards the upper
end of a copper tube C of about 1 decimetre (4 inches) in length. This tube
is intended to hold a little cylinder of charcoal which is kept constantly
pushed down from above by a small cylinder of lead which is of a weight
adjusted to the purpose. The other polar wire comes out under the lower
end of this tube at about one centimetre (three eighths of an inch) distance
from its extremity and terminates in a little cone D of prepared charcoal
or coke and against the top of which the little charcoal cylinder E rests
which when the current is established becomes incandescent and remains in
that state a very long time because the small portions which are consumed
are continually replaced by a portion of the cylinder which the metal presser
forces on to the top of the cone. A tube of glass or other suitable substance
also passes. through the stopper and admits of its being connected to the
pneumatic receiver.in order to create a vacuum in the globe. The tube
is afterwards cut and hermetically sealed in order to prevent the re-entry of
air.
VII. PRIME MOTIVE POWER.
The motive power engine most proper for the purpose of this invention is
one of the form of an atmospheric steam engine without the boiler feeding
pumps and condenser. The dimensions of this motive power engine ought
to be proportionate to the force desired to be obtained but the bottom of the
cylinder (see Figure 11) should be provided with a valve V opening from the

page_text: inside to the outside whereby any slight excess of steam will pass away with
the water of condensation and produce the effect of reaction at the moment
of the combination of the oxygen and hydrogen gases in order to reconstitute
the water in the state of steam. This valve is held up by a helical spring
h. Just above the bottom of the cylinder is a small tube T with a neck
to which is screwed a stuffing box S in which is placed an insulating ring
through which passes a rod R which forms the axis of a small toothed brass
wheel W. The upper side of this box is perforated with an opening also
provided with a boss of some insulating material in which a metallic wire P
is luted which communicates with one of the polar wires of one of the pairs of
helices of the electro-magnetic apparatus the other polar wire N being
attached to the end of the prolongation of the axis of the wheel a little
beyond its bearing G. This prolongation carries a pulley L to which motion
is imparted by means of a strap from another pulley of a greater radius and
which is not shewn in the Drawing. There is fixed on the same axis Ra
little toothed wheel w which gears into another wheel fixed on the axis of the
fly wheel of the machine and which is provided with teeth only on a very
small portion of its circumference so that in one entire revolution of the fly
wheel it may transmit its motion only during an exceedingly short interval to
the wheel W and just at the instant at which the piston has made about
one fourth of its stroke. Numerous electrical sparks are thus thrown out every
time that the teeth of the little wheel W enclosed in the box slide over the
flattened end of the conducting wire P communicating as aforesaid with one
of the polar wires these sparks then ignite the gaseous mixture arising from
the decomposition of water and admitted into the cylinder through a distri-
buting apparatus (slide box). The quantity of gas admitted into the cylinder
should be equal to about one fourth of its capacity experiments having shewn
that under the pressure of the atmosphere the ignition of gases generated by
the decomposition of water causes them to dilate during explosion to four
times their bulk. The piston will then be forcibly driven to the end of its
stroke when immediately the water resulting from the combination of the
gases will become condensed on the cold sides of the cylinder and a vacuum
is formed beneath the piston then the atmospheric pressure acting with its
entire force on the upper side of the piston will cause it to descend rapidly.
and these motions continued will produce the rotation of the engine. Thus
by keeping up the supply of gases and successively exploding them a
continuous movement of the machinery connected with the piston may be
obtained.

page_text: VIII. APPARATUS FOR COVERING THE WIRES AND MAKING THE HELICES
OR SPIRALS.
In all electro-magnetic apparatuses the most delicate of the operations and
that which involves the greatest expense is the manufacture of the helices and
the spirals. An apparatus very suitable for these purposes is represented in
Figure 12. I generally prefer using very fine cotton of ten or twelve strands
which will perfectly cover the metallic wires without much increasing their
diameter. Four small bobbins of cotton may be arranged on one circle
and then cotton of only three or four strands is employed but it should
always be as fine as possible. The apparatus above referred to will allow of
a metallic wire being covered of whatever length without being necessary
to cut it. a is a bench frame one end of which is provided with a spring-
vice for guiding the metallic wire and giving it the necessary tension. The
wire passes through the hollow axis of a little pulley c which is furnished with
from one to four arms perpendicular to the axis at the end of which there is
affixed at right angles a small steel rod d threaded at its free end, on these
rods are mounted the bobbins filled with cotton. A screw nut pushes before it
on each rod a little spiral spring which presses a friction float against the
bobbin in order to prevent it from turning too loose on its spindle and thus
exercises a slight tension on the thread of cotton. The end of the cotton is
fastened with a little insulating varnish after passing it through a small glass
ring (which serves as a guide). Upon the metallic wire a cord or band passes
from the small pulley (which is at the utmost one and a half centimetres
(five eighths of an inch) in diameter) into one of the numerous grooves of a
long wooden cylinder e of about three centimetres (one and a quarter inch)
diameter. This cylinder with numerous and equi-distant grooves has motion
given to it by means of a band from another pulley (of about one metre
(thirty-nine inches) in diameter so as to impart a very great quickness of
rotation to the bobbins which supply the cotton for covering the metallic wires
y thus great quantity of metallic wires may be covered at the same time in
fact as many as there may be sets of cotton covering bobbins. On the axis
of the large pulley there is a fusee h provided with an endless chain or band
which imparts motion to a cylinder j the diameter of which is about four
inches which is also the size of the diameter of the top of the fusee so that
the band at this point causes the cylinder to make one revolution at every turn
of the large pulley. The steel axis k of this cylinder is about two centimetres
(three quarters of an inch) in diameter and is prolonged over a support.
whence it passes into two metallic sockets which allow of its making a to and
Co

page_text: fro movement. This movement is determined and regulated by two long screw
threads in relief on the main shaft one of which is threaded from right to left
and the other in the reverse direction. Two half nuts each fixed on one of
the ends of the arms of the levers gear alternately into the right and left
hand threads and push the shaft backwards or forwards. A rod s attached to
the spindle & alternately pushes the weighted lever / from one side to the other
and effects the change of the gearing of the nuts so that without the aid of
the workman's hand the shaft would always go forwards or backwards the
same distance moreover the two screws correspond in size to that of the
diameter of the metallic wire which it is desired to roll upon the soft iron
armatures i. Several like armatures may be placed on the prolongation of the
axis corresponding to the number of metallic wires intended to be rolled up.
Thus the rolling of the cotton on the metallic wires and the completion of the
helices are effected at the same time and with the greatest regularity.
And, having now described the nature of the said Invention and the manner
in which the same is performed I declare that the improvements which I
claim as constituting my said Invention are as follows
First I claim the arrangement of four compound magnets in the manner
represented in Figure 1 and before described.
Second I claim the combination of four pairs of helices with armatures and
other appliances in the manner represented in Figures 1 & 2 and before
described.
Third I claim the system of parallel multiplying spirals united in cylinders
of indeterminate length and producing powerful and 'active induced currents
by their combination as before described.
Fourth I claim the oscillating arrangement represented in Figure 5 and
before described.
Fifth I claim the rolling arrangement represented at Figures 6 and 7 and
before described.
Sixth I claim the flat helices employed as substitutes for the wires in the
system of flat spirals represented in Figure 4 and before described.
Seventh I claim the magneto-electric current condensers as before
described..
Eighth I claim the application of dry piles and of secondary piles for the
purpose of increasing the intensity both of the direct and of the induced
currents.
Ninth I claim the electro-chemical motive power represented in Figure
11 and before described but only in so far as regards the cylinder and its
appendages.

page_text: Tenth I claim the apparatus for lighting by the incandescence of prepared
charcoal before described.
And eleventh I claim the lighting by hydrogen gas saturated with vapour
of any hydrocarburet and burning in ordinary gas burners as before described.
In witness whereof I the said Edward Clarence Shepard have here-
unto set my hand and seal this Twenty-fourth day of April in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED that on the Twenty-fourth day of April in
the year of our Lord 1851 the aforesaid Edward Clarence Shepard came
before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid and all and every thing therein contained and spe-
cified in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was
stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-fourth day of April in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.