IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, WINDING, AND DOUBLING FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Yuil Borland, of the City of Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, WINDING, AND DOUBLING
FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Sealed the 16th February 1858, and dated the 4th September 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Yuil Borland at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 4th September 1857.
I, JOHN YUIL BORLAND, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, WINDING, AND DOUBLING
FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
.. 11
These improvements are additions and improvements on my Patent,
No. 1854, dated 6th August, , and sealed 30th September, 1856. In said
Specification, I say, in this new and improved machine I reverse, the principle
of drag, that is, I drive the spindles positively, and in the usual way of mules
and throstles at an uniform speed, and drag the fly by means of the thread;
the fly being made very light, and the top point of very small diameter, requires
almost no power to move it, and gains no centrifugal force which can obstruct
the variations of winding, and can be driven to any speed which spindles will
stand without affecting in the least the finest yarns, and puts in any amount of

page_text: twist, either soft, hard, or doubling it, and subject to no disarrangement from
any cause whatever.
My first improvement on this Patent consists in making the top point of
said fly of a diameter more or less large, and applying an alternate moveable
friction or break to each fly more or less powerful to suit the slubbin or yarns
in progress of spinning, twisting, or winding; the break can be applied to the
top of the fly by a moveable lever, or by a spring of metal or gutta percha
whose tension is excited as the thread passes to the large diameter of the cop,
bobbin, ball, or spool in spinning or winding it on. This compensates the drag
on the thread, and makes the outside layers as condensed and compact as the
inside ones, consequently puts in the same volume a third more yarn or slubbin,
completely condensing it without rubbing the fibres out of their longitudinal
direction; the fly is understood not to be mechanically attached to the spindle,
but revolving free and independent of the same. It will be easily seen that it
is the applying of a moveable drag to the fly, and not any particular material
or metal which may be employed thereto, or only one method of doing it, but
the adaptation and applying an oscillating drag to the fly, which may be effected
in different ways, which makes out my improvement; the method I employ is
thus: The top of fly is made like a warve, with a slit to its centre to admit
the thread; a piece of cotton banding is made into a loop, the two ends nearly
touching and fastened at front side of fly frame, going round the warve; the
loop at back side is attached to a small lever oscillating on a stud in front of
roller beam; on the lower end of this lever a weight is fastened; when the fly
frame is at its highest elevation the lever is perpendicular, but as it descends
with the fly, the lever is pulled along with it, which causes the weight and lever
to describe an are of a circle, which rests, more and more on the cord which
surrounds the fly, consequently retarding its motion and making more drag, and
as the fly frame ascends the weight is again hanging perpendicular, and lets
the fly revolve free at point of cop or bare spindle; the same can be done
by attaching a spring, or likewise a gutta percha cord or other substances
that will stand tear and wear, to the roller beam and the loop surrounding the
fly top, or affixing a lever to grip more or less on fly top while the fly frame
is oscillating, or likewise to let the fly frame rest and make the spindle frame
do all the movements; these are only different arrangements for the same
action.
2ndly, I vibrate the shaper while forming the bottom layers in quicker
succession by means of conical drums or friction discs geared to any
convenient part of the machine.
3rdly, I make the srew differential for lowering the spindle frame, that is,

page_text: as the spindle or screw progresses through the nut its thread is coarser in
pitch, thereby accelerating its descending velocity, and thereby making the
cop of an uniform thickness.
4thly, I cause the so-called tin roller for driving the spindles to descend.
along with spindle frame by affixing it to the same motions
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Yuil Borland in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 3rd March 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN YUIL
BORLAND, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria,. by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Yuil Borland, Her special licence that I, the said John Yuil
Borland, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
John Yuil Borland, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with,, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, WINDING, AND DOUBLING FIBROUS
MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Yuil
Borland, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Yuil Borland, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawings accompanying the same (that
is to say):-
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery for preparing, spinning,

page_text: winding, and doubling fibrous materials. These improvements consist in
improved methods of adapting certain new as well as old parts of machinery
to the processes of spinning, twisting, and winding fibrous materials into any
required shapes, as cop, bobbing, bail, or spool, or laying it in canhs in all the
processes, and in all the different machines used in spinning mills, either
as slubbings, rovings, or yarns, from the first process to its finished state.
The present improvements are additions and improvements on my Patent,
No. 1854, dated Sixth August, and sealed Thirtieth September, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-six.
Improvement 1st. For the better condensing and putting twist in slubbings,
rovings, or yarns, I cause my new invented flyers used for that purpose to have
a certain amount of variable drag, which gives the facility of rendering the
strain to be regular, and putting more quantity on; and enabling spinning
masters to lay on as much stretch as they think proper, to suit the different
cottons; and when doubling, to enable them to put in as much twist as they
will; for that purpose I affix on the top of the flyer a small pulley or warve,
or other shapes, as shewn in Fig. 1, at a, and attaching a cord on each sidė
of this warve to the fly frame, passing both ends through a small eye b,
likewise fastened to the fly frame, and extending it to the top end of lever c,
which oscillates in a bracket fastened to the roller beam A. The fly as here
shewn is at its highest point of elevation, but in working it falls down to the
position d, consequently pulling, by means of the cord e, the lever c into the
position shewn by the dotted lines; the weight B will therefore cause strain
or grip to be taken of the fly warve, and as it ascends the lever and weight
will again be perpendicular, consequently the fly again revolves free; the same
thing will take place if the cord é is supplanted by a gutta percha cord or
other spring, the end at c being fastened to the roller beam or a common
blade spring, one end fastened to the roller beam and the other to the corde,
likewise if a piece of leather or other substance is fastened to the fly frame,
as at a, Fig. 2; and on the other side à piece b is fixed loose, and held to it's
place by a lever c; a piece of spring or elastic cord d, fastened one end to the
lever and the other to the screw at e, screwed into the rod f, which is
moveable lengthways; as the frame goes up and down, f is pushed backwards
and forwards by a small lever fastened to the crank motion for elevating the
fly frame, drawing and slackening the lever c, thereby giving more grip on the
fly warve g; there are other methods, but these are sufficient to shew their
mode of action.
2ndly. In making the bottom of the cops I have found short and quick
strokes are more advantageous, and for that purpose I have arranged two

page_text: small conical drums to command that motion, shewn at Fig. 3; the shaft a¹
is first motion; pinion 6 turns c and drum d; strop e turns f; pinion g sets the
shaper wheels in motion; h, shaper; i, scroll turns wheel k, Fig. 5, on shaft
b; on lower end of this shaft scroll m works wheel n, on differential screw for
lowering the spindle frame, explained in Patent No. 1854: In process of
spinning some cottons gain in size towards the top or last end of the cop about
1 in 7, consequently the screw is made to these proportions; the same can
be done by a common shaft and pulley, such as is used in throstle frames,
with one side of the pulley one-seventh larger than the other, or by putting
conical drums to the motion similar to Fig. 3, to revolve the lifting shaft,
or a friction disk a, shewn in Fig. 4, working on one of the roller wheels,
with a long pinion 6 driving the shaper train shaft c', resting on lever d, its
point at e, being lifted by the spindle franie at beginning of the cop, is lowered
by its descent while forming, the bottom afterwards remaining stationary;
but it will be seen that by elevating or lowering the shaft c¹ while the cop
is spinning, any speed can be given to the descent of the spindle frame, as
this motion commands both shaper and spindle frame; the same can be done
by shifting the band on the conical drums. f is a weight to balance shaft c, so
that with this accommodation all shapes of cops can be obtained.
4thly. The tin roller D I hang in a chain passing over a roller o, down to
lever E, at p, which balances the spindle frame; as it descends the opposite
end of the lever rises and lowers the tin roller, thereby keeping it on the same
level as the spindle warve; the centre of the tin roller is guided in slots in the
framing.
Fig. 5 shews the arrangement of the wheelwork to turn the rollers a¹, a¹,
shaper, and spindle frame m, n; b, first motion wheel; c, conical drum
wheel turning the train connected to shaper, fully explained in Patent No.
1854; in forming the bottom of the cops the band e, on conical drums, Fig. 3,
traverses to the opposite ends of them and then remains stationary; this is
effected by a fork lever being worked by the spindle frame in descending,
resting on the frame; when the fork has moved the length of the conical
drums its further motion is prevented by a stop stud, which may be fixed in
any position of the druni's length, but I approve Fig. 4, as being a superior
arrangement for that purpose; by arranging the spindle and flier as at Fig. 6,
it is equally applicable to spinning on bobbins, but Fig. 1 is more judicious,
being more centrical and attaining higher speeds, and keeping the twist
regular, which cannot be done by Fig. 6, without giving either the spindles or
rollers variable speed to allow of regular twist being put in each inch of yarn,
and for this purpose I prefer giving the rollers the necessary motions, as the

page_text: result will be greater quantity, keeping the spindles always at the highest
speed.
Having rendered this subject as plain as I can, and fully explained its
nature, parts, proportions, and applications, I claim as my Invention,―
1st, the applications of variable drag as applied to the flyers for the uses
and purposes herein specified, and as before described.
2nd, the applications of the different methods herein described for the uses
and purposes of varying the speed of the shaper, for the purposes herein
specified.
3rd, I claim the differential screw or its equivalents as herein described, for I
the uses and purposes herein specified.
4th, I claim giving the tin roller variable elevations by the means and for
the purposes as before described, for following the motions of the spindle
frame.
5th, I claim the adaptation of this spindle and fly to all machines for pre- .1
paring, twisting, winding, or doubling fibrous materials.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Yuil Borland, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of February, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-eight.
JOHN YUIL BOKLAND. (L.S.)