Improvements in or relating to Oil or similar Burners.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Sept., 1897
Complete Inorification Loft 20th lung 1808 Accented 20th Aug
1808
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Oil or similar Burners.
We, THOMAS CLARKSON, Engineer, and THE CLARKSON & CAPEL STEAM CAR SYNDI-
CATE LIMITED, both of Deverell Street, Great Dover Street, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to burners for heating purposes the fuel being oil and
particularly the heavy mineral oils though we do not tie ourselves down to the
use of any particular kind of oil. Hitherto many drawbacks have attended the
use of oil for heating purposes, one of the chief ones being the roaring noise
which has up till now been believed to be inseparable from this class of burner
when of any large size or power.
By the present invention a heating flame for burners of any size or power can be
produced which make so far as the flame is concerned and as human ears can
detect no sound whatever.
In carrying out the invention we divide the burner into two main portions, first
the vapourizer and second, the burner proper. The vapourizer may be variously
formed, but we have obtained the most satisfactory results by making it of cast
iron, tubular with flanges or gills upon the outside and the oil supply at the lower
portion of one end and the vapour exit at the higher portion of the other.
In order to prevent fluctuations and the forcing back of the oil under constant
access of pressure we find a screw check valve upon the oil supply pipe to the
vapourizer to be advantageous.
a
From the vapourizer a suitable pipe takes the vapour to the jet nozzle which
directs the vapour into the flaring mouth of a tube projecting from the burner
proper the jet nozzle may be of varying construction, but we prefer to employ
tapered needle in it for the purpose of regulating the amount of vapour escaping,
the regulation being if desired effected automatically by connecting the needle
with suitable portions of the apparatus.
To facilitate cleaning the needles and jet nozzles in place of the needles being
made straight and hooked on the outer end into a hole in the end of a rod as in
one construction, they each may be bent in such a manner: for example
Z-shaped, that the loop at its outer end is held on a pin or peg on a regulator
rod or bar by the action of a suitably arranged spring. By merely detaching the
spring the needle can be removed, cleaned and replaced without disturbing the
adjustment of the regulator bar in relation to the jet nozzle.
The bars which control the needles may have a fine screw adjustment by which
the position of the needles in relation to the nozzles may be easily regulated.
The burner proper comprises a box or vessel of any suitable material-copper
for example-the top of which is made of some kind of perforated or open-work
material, a construction suitable for our present purpose being the following:
We take strips of pure nickel alternately plain and corrugated or wavy which
are placed in any suitable frame or supporting device secured to or upon the
burner box.
--

page_text: .
In the lower portion of the burner box is a tube extending into the box but not
quite to the end, the outer end of the tube flaring outwards as already explained
and receiving the jet of vapour which draws air into the tube as well and supplies
the burner box with the necessary mixture of vapourized oil and air which burns
through the open-work cover of the burner box underneath the vapourizer.
Frequently with such a construction as this a loud noise as a musical note results
and after many experiments we have found that by introducing another jet of air
or steam into the tube the noise ceases, the burner being then silent except perhaps
for a slight hissing noise due to the operation of the jets. This extra jet increases
the volume of air entering the tube and improves the operation of the burner
generally, besides preventing the escape of vapour from the open end of the tube,
which without it is occasionally liable to occur, especially when the burner is
turned low. The jet may be either an entirely independent nozzle, or it may be
combined with the nozzle which supplied the vapour, a suitable arrangement
being to provide around the vapour opening an annular opening through which
the air is forced.
The flow of air or steam from jets at the front of the burner may be regulated
in accordance with the quantity of vapour that is being consumed, this regulation
being effected automatically either by a special apparatus or by the same device
which controls the movement of the needles. Alternatively where the burner is
applied to heating a steam generator, a steam jet placed in the funnel or equi-
valent may operate by inducing the air to the burner, and if this steam jet is not
regulated automatically the quantity of air allowed to pass into the mixing box
of the burner may be regulated by a damper operated either by a special device
or by the regulator controlling needles.
Upon the burner tube we prefer to place a shield which besides protecting the
burner from draughts has the more important action of isolating the open end
of the tube from the flame and thus preventing the flame from striking back as
it might otherwise occasionally do.
The bottom of the burner box may be slanted so that any oil condensed in
starting would run back down the tube and out at the open mouth into a recep-
tacle through which it may be pumped back into the oil reservoir.
The oil may be supplied to the vapourizer under pressure as we find better
results are thus attained.
It is necessary at starting that the vapourizer should be thoroughly heated before
the oil is supplied to it and for this purpose we employ the following device. At
the side of the vapourizer is a shallow dish to which a regulated supply of the
same oil that is used for general heating is led from a cup containing the limited
supply necessary; the exit pipe from the cup may be fitted with a self closing
valve. In the dish are a number of troughs formed out of a strip of nickel gauze
faced with asbestos in any suitable form with preferably a cross tube in each
trough to hold the asbestos down, and a wire passing through the tube to make
it secure. The trough shape provides an extensive evaporative surface while the
thin covering of asbestos serves as a wick, but being thin it does not retain a
quantity of oil which might otherwise continue smouldering and producing an
offensive smell.
.
At the side of the vessel is an air tube with perforations opposite the end of
each trough so that when the liquid which flows into the shallow vessel is lighted
the jets from this tube blow the flame crosswise on to the vapourizer and thus heat
it. The air supply being temporary may be provided by means of a hand pump
or other suitable device. As soon as the vapourizer is sufficiently heated the per-
manent supply of oil is turned on and the auxiliary burner goes out of its own
accord when its limited supply of oil is consumed.
When one of the parts of the steam generator heated by the burner is arranged
to contain superheated steam this part may then he fitted with and supply heat
to the oil vapourizers keeping them at a fairly constant temperature and prevent-
ing their becoming unduly heated as they might if directly exposed to a flame

page_text: when only a small quantity of oil was passing into them. The life of the vapouri-
zers is thus prolonged as they are not liable to be burnt. Any independent
vapourizer heated by a flamè may if desired be used for starting. When steam is
up the vapourizing would be transferred to the boiler.
To facilitate the renewal of the vapourizers the inlet and exit pipes may be both
at the same end and pass through the same cover, the vapourizer being in the
form of a retort with one end closed, the other end being secured to a cover in some
simple manner so that it may be readily coupled up or detached. One or both
of the pipes either that conveying the oil or vapour, may extend into the vapour-
izer.
T
1
ሳስ
& Cantinha 1907
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicants.
Improvements in or relating to Oil or similar Burners.
We, THOMAS CLARKSON, Engineer, and THE CLARKSON & CAPEL STEAM CAR SYNDI-
CATE LIMITED, both of Deverell Street, Great Dover Street, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
This invention relates to burners for heating purposes the fuel being oil and
particularly the heavy mineral oils though we do not tie ourselves down to the
use of any particular kind of oil. Hitherto many drawbacks have attended the
use of oil for heating purposes, one of the chief ones being the roaring noise'
which has up. till now been believed to be inseparable from this class of burner
when of any large size or power.
By the present invention a heating flame for burners of any size or power can be
produced which make so far as the flame is concerned and as human ears can
detect no sound whatever.
In carrying out this invention we divide the burner into two main portions, first
the vapourizer and second, the burner proper. The vapourizer may be variously
formed but we have obtained the most satisfactory results by making it of cast
iron, tubular with flanges or gills upon the outside and the oil supply at the lower
portion of one end and the vapour exit at the higher portion of the other.
In order to prevent fluctuations and the forcing back of the oil under constant
access of pressure we find a screw check valve upon the oil supply pipe to the
vapourizer to be advantageous.
From the vapourizer a suitable pipe takes the vapour to the jet nozzle which
directs the vapour into the flaring mouth of a tube projecting from the burner
proper; the jet nozzle may be of varying construction, but we prefer to employ a
tapered needle in it for the purpose of regulating the amount of vapour escaping,
the regulation being if desired effected automatically by connecting the needle
with suitable portions of the apparatus.
To facilitate cleaning the needles and jet nozzles in place of the needles being
made straight and hooked on the outer end into a hole in the end of a rod as in
one construction, they each may be bent in such a manner: for example
Z-shaped, that the loop at its outer end is held on a pin or peg on a regulator
rod or bar by the action of a suitably arranged spring. By merely detaching the
spring the needle can be removed, cleaned and replaced without disturbing the
adjustment of the regulator bar in relation to the jet nozzle.

page_text: The bars which control the needles may have a fine screw adjustment by which
the position of the needles in relation to the nozzles may be easily regulated.
The burner proper comprises a box or vessel of any suitable material-copper
for example the top of which is made of some kind of perforated or open-work
material, a construction suitable for our present purpose being the following:-
We take strips of pure nickel alternately plain and corrugated or wavy which
are placed in any suitable frame or supporting device secured to or upon the
burner box.
-
In the lower portion of the burner box is a tube extending into the box but not
quite to the end, the outer end of the tube flaring outwards as already explained
and receiving the jet of vapour which draws air into the tube as well and supplies
the burner box with the necessary mixture of vapourized oil and air which burns
through the open-work cover of the burner box underneath the vapourizer.
Frequently with such a construction as this a loud noise as a musical note results
and after many experiments we have found that by introducing another jet of air
or steam into the tube the noise ceases, the burner being then silent except perhaps
for a slight hissing noise due to the operation of the jets. This extra jet increases
the volume of air entering the tube and improves the operation of the burner
generally, besides preventing the escape of vapour from the open end of the tube,
which without it is occasionally liable to occur, especially when the burner is
turned low. The jet may be either an entirely independent nozzle, or it may be
combined with the nozzle which supplied the vapour, a suitable arrangement
being to provide around the vapour opening an annular opening through which
the air is forced.
The flow of air or steam from jets at the front of the burner may be regulated
in accordance with the quantity of vapour that is being consumed, this regulation
being effected automatically either by a special apparatus or by the same device
which controls the movement of the needles. Alternatively where the burner is
applied to heating a steam generator, a steam jet placed in the funnel or equi-
valent may operate by inducing the air to the burner, and if this steam jet is not
regulated automatically the quantity of air allowed to pass into the mixing box
of the burner may be regulated by a damper operated either by a special device
or by the regulator controlling needles.
Upon the burner tube we prefer to place a shield which besides protecting the
burner from draughts has the more important action of isolating the open end
of the tube from the flame and thus preventing the flame from striking back as
it might otherwise occasionally do.
The bottom of the burner box may be slanted so that any oil condensed in
starting would run back down the tube and out at the open mouth into a recep-
tacle through which it may be pumped back into the oil reservoir.
The oil may be supplied to the vapourizer under pressure as we find better
results are thus attained.
It is necessary at starting that the vapourizer should be thoroughly heated before
the oil is supplied to it and for this purpose we employ the following device. At
the side of the vapourizer is a shallow dish to which a regulated supply of the
same oil that is used for general heating is led from a cup containing the limited
supply necessary; the exit pipe from the cup may be fitted with a self closing
valve. In the dish are a number of troughs formed out of a strip of nickel gauze
faced with asbestos in any suitable form with preferably a cross tube in each
trough to hold the asbestos down, and a wire passing through the tube to make
it secure. The trough shape provides an extensive evaporative surface while the
thin covering of asbestos serves as a wick, but being thin it does not retain a
quantity of oil which might otherwise continue smouldering and producing an
offensive smell.
At the side of the vessel is an air tube with perforations opposite the end of
each trough so that when the liquid which flows into the shallow vessel is lighted
the jets from this tube blow the flame crosswise on to the vapourizer and thus heat

page_text: it. The air supply being temporary may be provided by means of a hand pump
or other suitable device. As soon as the vapourizer is sufficiently heated the per-
manent supply of oil is turned on and the auxiliary burner goes out of its own
accord when its limited supply of oil is consumed.
When one of the parts of the steam generator heated by the burner is arranged
to contain superheated steam this part may then be fitted with and supply heat
to the oil vapourizers keeping them at a fairly constant temperature and prevent-
ing their becoming unduly heated as they might if directly exposed to a flame
when only a small quantity of oil was passing into them. The life of the vapouri-
zers is thus prolonged as they are not liable to be burnt. Any independent
vapourizer heated by a flame may if desired be used for starting. When steam is
up the vapourizing would be transferred to the boiler.
To facilitate the renewal of the vapourizers the inlet and exit pipes may be both
at the same end and pass through the same cover, the vapourizer being in the
form of a retort with one end closed, the other end being secured to a cover in some
simple manner so that it may be readily coupled up or detached. One or both
of the pipes either that conveying the oil or vapour, may extend into the vapour-
izer.
In the accompanying drawings,
°
Figure 1 is an elevation partly in section of burner and accessories constructed
in accordance with this invention.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of the extremity of the steam jet pipe.
Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation of a combined vapour and steam jet nozzle.
Figure 4 is a sectional elevation of a starting burner and a device for supplying
it with fuel constructed in accordance with this invention.
Figure 5 is a plan of the starting burner shown in Figure 4.
Figure 6 is a section of the same burner on line 6-6 of Figure 4.
Figure 7 is a sectional elevation of an apparatus for simultaneously controlling
the supply of fuel and air to the burner mixing chamber.
Fig. 8 is a sectional elevation of a modification of this apparatus.
Fig. 9 is an elevation of an improved form of vapourizer.
Fig. 10 is a sectional elevation of a vapourizer for use with super-heated steam.
Fig. 11 is a sectional elevation of another form of vapourizer for use with
super-heated steam.
Fig. 12 is a section on the line 12-12 Fig. 11.
Fig. 13 is a longitudinal section of yet another form of vapourizer.
Fig. 14 is a transverse section of the same on the line 14-14 of Fig. 13.
Fig. 15 is diagrammatic sectional elevation of a modified arrangement of vapour-
izer.
Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.
The oil which is stored, preferably under pressure, in a reservoir, (not shown in
the drawings), passes thence through a pipe A into the vapourizer B, whence the
vapour traversing the pipe C issues from the jet nozzle D being directed into the
flared end of the inducing tube E of the mixing chamber F. The top of the latter
is formed by a grid G through which the mingled vapour and air pass, being there
ignited.
In order to form a mixture which will burn with a noiseless non-luminous and
powerfully heating flame, the air necessary for this mixture is induced to enter
the mixing chamber by directing a jet of air or preferably steam into the open end
or mouth of the inducing tube E.
A pipe H, leading from the steam generator which is heated by the burner, ter-
minates in a tube H' from which projects a steam jet pipe H2 directed into the
mouth of the inducing tube. The supply of steam is controlled by a cock H³
which is operated in a manner to be hereinafter described.
The flow of vapour from the jet nozzle D is controlled by means of a needle J
one end of which is tapered and lies within the orifice of the nozzle while the
other end is carried upon the end of a lever K. The latter is clamped upon a

page_text: tubular rod L which can be rotated through the agency of some convenient form
of regulator, (not shown in the drawings) such for example as that described in
the Specification No. 20166/96 of prior Letters Patent granted to me and Herbert
Churchill Capel.
The rod L also carries upon it a lever L' connected at its free end by a link L³
with the free end of a lever H by means of which the cock H³ of the steam pipe H
is operated. It will thus be seen that according to the operation of the regulator
the rod L is turned in one direction or the other and simultaneously controls by
the movement of the needle J and the cock H³, both the supply of vapour and
also the supply of steam to the burner.
The vapouriser B is preferably of cylindrical form and is provided on its ex-
terior with gills B¹. The pipes for conveying oil to and vapour from the vapour-
izer enter and leave it at the lowest and highest points respectively of its opposite
ends, as clearly shown in Figure 1..
In order to convey away any vapour which may be condensed within the mixing
chamber before the latter is properly heated when the burner is started, the bottoms
of the mixing chamber and inducing tube are sloped so that the condensed vapour
will, drain down towards and out of the flared mouth of the inducing tube E.
This may conveniently be done by so constructing the mixing chamber that the
sides of the bottom of the box portion F slope down as at F towards and beyond
the inner end E¹ of the inducing tube E the bottom of the latter, which preferably
lies in the centre of the mixing chamber sloping down in the opposite direction,
that is to say towards its mouth. Beneath the mouth of the mixing chamber is
arranged a trough or cup E3 into which the condensed vapour falls, whence it may
be conveyed away.
A convenient construction for obtaining a fine jet of steam from the extremity
of the steam jet pipe H³ is shown in Figure 2. Into the end of the pipe H2 is
screwed a plug H through which is bored a central hole H6 preferably enlarged at
the inner end as at H7.
The vapour and steam jets may be arranged concentrically, such an arrangement
being shown in Figure 3, where D is the vapour jet nozzle surrounded with a con-
centric casing D' to which steam is supplied by the pipe H. If desired the steam
may be supplied to the central nozzle while the vapour issues around it.
In order to facilitate the removal of the needle J, it is bent into "Z" form as
shown, the method of attachment being to form a loop J¹ which is dropped over
a pin M which projects from a horizontal rod or bar M carried upon the end of the
regulator key K. The lower angle of the needle J is connected by a spring J2 to
some fixed part adjacent to the burner; in the drawing it is shown attached to the
steam pipe H. With this arrangement the action of the needle in controlling the
supply of fuel to the burner is the same as if it were straight, while it can be
readily removed without interfering with the adjustment of the regulator lever K.
In order to provide a fine adjustment for the needle J, the regulator lever K is
split longitudinally, one part K¹ being formed comparatively rigid while the other
part Ka is capable of deflection by means of the screw. K³ carried upon the end of
the rigid part K¹.
To start the burner the vapouriser is first heated by a special burner such as that
illustrated in Figures 4, 5, & 6. This burner comprises a casing N containing
a wick O formed of a double layer 01 02 of asbestos backed with gauze 03. This
compound wick O is arranged so as to form troughs and ridges the wick being
retained in place by wires N' which pass through the sides of the casing and lie
in the troughs of the wick as clearly shown in the drawings. The wick does not
extend right across the casing N, one side being occupied by an air tube P in which
are a series of perforations P¹ arranged above each trough of the wick O.
At some convenient point above the starting burner is situated a measuring
vessel Qadapted to contain that quantity of fuel which must be supplied to the
starting-burner to enable it to heat the vapourizer sufficiently to put the main
burner in action. The vessel Q is provided internally with a flange Q which

page_text: marks the limit to which it should be filled, the operation of filling being per-
formed by opening a cock R¹ in a pipe R which leads from the main fuel reservoir
and terminates over the measuring vessel Q. At the bottom of the latter is
arranged a conical valve S which is carried upon the end of a rod S¹ pivotted to
one arm S2 of a bell crank lever fulcrummed at $3 on the side of the vessel Q. The
other arm S of the lever lies in a downward direction beside the vessel. From
the bottom of the measuring vessel Q, a pipe T conducts the fuel to the starting-
burner N, preferably entering the burner casing beneath the pipe P.
The operation of this apparatus is as follows:-
After the measuring vessel Q has been filled with fuel, the arm S* of the bell
crank lever is operated by hand so as to open the valve S and allow the fuel to pass
to the starting burner N. A light is applied to the wick O and air is forced under,
pressure into the pipe P issuing from the holes P' and difecting a blow-pipe flame
on to the vapourizer near which the starting burner is situated.
It is to be noted that in Figure 1 the starting burner is not shown in order to
simplify the arrangement. Its position, however, in relation to the vapourizer
may vary according to circumstances.
In Figure 7 is shown a modified construction of burner provided with means for
simultaneously regulating the supply of vapour and air to the mixing chamber.
The pipe C. passes through the wall of the inducing tube E within which lies the
nozzle D. The end of the inducing tube E is provided with a flange, to which
is bolted an annular plate U. The needle J is bent round and extends back from
the nozzle carrying upon it a plate J³. The extremity of the needle is attached
to the end of the regulator lever K. The plate J is slightly larger than the open-
ing in the centre of the annular plate U, and is so adjusted upon the needle J
by means of the screw J' that as the needle is moved by the regulator for the pur-
pose of controlling the amount of vapour which issues from the nozzle, the quan-
tity of air which can enter the mixing chamber is simultaneously regulated by the
movement of the plate J³ away from or towards the annular plate U.
An arrangement similar to that just described is shown in Fig. 8, but in place
of actually closing the end of the inducing tube E, the nozzle, together with part
of the mixing chamber and the regulating lever K are all enclosed in a casing V
in such a way that air can only enter this casing through the opening V¹, which
can be closed by the plate J3 in this case carried upon an extension of the needle J
on the other side of its point of attachment to the end of the regulator lever K.
It must be understood that the air supply may be controlled in a similar way
by means of a hit and miss valve or other like device, also the regulation of the
fuel may be by means of a valve which is operated by the regulator simultaneously
with the air controlling device.
The
In Figure 9 is shown a vapouriser so constructed that the part which is sub-
jected to the greatest heat and is consequently most liable to deteriorate, may be
readily renewed without interfering with the joints of the pipes which lead into
and from it. This vapouriser comprises a cylindrical chamber B with one end
closed and preferably rounded and the other end open and provided with a
flange B. The chamber may if desired be provided externally with gills B¹ such
as are shown upon the construction of vapouriser illustrated in Figure 1.
flange B2 of the chamber B is bolted to a plate B³ carried on a bracket B4 attached
to some suitable part of the casing which encloses the burner. The plate B³
carries the tubes A and C which conduct the fuel to and the vapour from the
vapouriser. Both tubes pass through the plate B³ that for conducting the vapour
viz; C, being arranged above the other one A and also extended as at C¹ so as
to project into the chamber B. It will be seen that with this construction, when it
is desired to renew the vapouriser it is only necessary to undo the bolts, when the
chamber B can be removed, and replaced by a new one.
In Figure 10 is shown an arrangement for vapourising the oil for the burner
when the steam generator heated by the latter is provided with a superheater or
some receiver for superheated steam. Such a receiver is represented by the cylin-

page_text: drical chamber W within which is arranged a receptacle for the vapour in the form
of a coiled pipe B constituting the vapouriser, one end communicating with the
oil supply pipe A and the other with the pipe C for conducting the vapour to the
jet nozzle. For convenience of access to the interior of the receiver W both ends
of the coil B pass through the same end cover W₁. It is obvious that other
arrangements of a like nature may be employed for the same purpose.
The arrangement shown in Figures 11 and 12 is a modified form of vapouriser
adapted to be heated by superheated steam. The steam chamber W is in this
construction intended to be arranged horizontally and has formed in its wall, pre-
ferably along its under side, a receptacle B which constitutes the vapouriser. The
chamber B is larger at one end than at the other, the fuel supply pipe A entering
at the lowest point of the larger end, while the pipe for conveying away the
vapour leads from the smaller end. In the construction shown in Figures 13
and 14, the vapourizer chamber B constitutes a jacket to the steam chamber W.
Where the fuel is intended to be vapourized by superheated steam some con-
venient means is provided for vapourizing the oil which must necessarily be burned
in order to raise steam in the boiler and enable the vapourizing to be carried on
by the steam.
It is to be noted that the inducing tube E is provided with a flange or shield E³
which abuts against the casing V which encloses and shuts off the open mouth of
the mixing chamber and the jet nozzle from the burner proper, thus obviating
risk of the flame striking back to the fuel supply of the burner.
In the arrangement of burner shown in Figure 1 openings are made in the
casing V to admit the necessary air to the burner. These openings may be pro-
vided with suitable devices such as doors or shutters for closing them when
desired.
In the construction shown in Figure 15 a vapourizer B heated by direct contact
with the flame of the burner is combined with a coil passing through the super-
heater or steam space of the generator heated by the burner. A branch C2 of the
vapour pipe C is lead in a coil through the superheater W returning and joining
the pipe C again, a three way cock C3 being situated at the junction. On starting
the burner the vapourizer B is heated by the starting burner above described, the
cock C3 being, during this period, arranged to allow of direct communication
between the vapourizer B and nozzle D through the pipe C. As soon however as
the burner is well under way and steam is raised in the generator the cock C³ is
thrown over so as to cut out the pipe C and cause the vapour to pass through the
coil C on its way to the nozzle D. With this arrangement the vapour is always
supplied to the burner at an approximately constant temperature, as if the vapour
is overheated in the vapouriser B the surplus heat is given up to the steam sur-
rounding the coil C³, while if the fuel is not sufficiently vapourised in the
vapouriser B the process is completed as it passes through the coil C³.
It will be understood that other arrangements may be employed for bringing
the vapour and steam into proximity to each other for this purpose; thus the
coil C2 may be replaced by a receptacle with gills similar to the vapouriser B B¹
or the steam chamber W may be jacketed with a space into which the vapour is
introduced.
It will be seen that in the constructions shown in Figures 11, 12, 13 and 14,
the vapourising chamber B is more or less subjected to the direct heat of the flame
owing to the necessary position of the superheater W, but if the vapour is over-
heated the excess of heat is imparted to the steam and thus the temperature of
the vapour is maintained approximately uniform.
It will of course be understood that two or more burners such as above described
may be arranged in a row for the purpose of heating a steam generator or other-
wise. Where several burners are employed, the needles for controlling the flow of
vapour from the jet nozzles are preferably connected to a common bar M which is
operated by a single regulating lever K. Similarly the steam jets H³ all spring

page_text: from the common steam pipe H¹ the supply of steam to which is controlled by the
operation of the cock H³ by the regulator.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:-
1. In an oil or similar burner the combination with a mixing chamber or induc-
ing tube of a vapourized fuel jet and a supplementary jet of steam or air for the
purpose described.
2. In an oil or similar burner the combination with a mixing chamber or induc-
ing tube of a vapourised fuel jet and a supplementary jet of steam or air and a
regulator for automatically controlling the supply of fuel and also the supply of
steam or air.
3. In an oil or similar burner the combination with a mixing chamber or induc-
ing tube of a concentric jet of vapour and steam or air for the purpose described.
4. In an oil or similar burner the combination with a jet nozzle and a regulator
of a regulating needle such as J J¹ detachably carried by the regulator lever and a
spring J2 substantially as described.
5. In an oil or similar burner the combination with a regulator of a split lever
arm such as J¹ J2 forming a fine adjustment for the part regulated.
6. In an oil or similar burner an inducing tube and a mixing chamber such
as E and F F with bottoms sloped so as to drain condensed vapour out by the same
orifice through which the vapour enters with or without a trough or cup E2.
7. In an oil or similar burner a mixing chamber comprising a box F and an
inducing tube E projecting into the box the bottom of the tube and the bottom of
the box sloping in opposite directions so as to drain condensed vapour out by the
orifice through which the vapour enters.
8. In an oil or similar burner the combination of a burner a vapourizer and gills
upon the vapourizer substantially as described.
9. In an oil or similar burner the combination with the burner of a shield to
prevent the flame from striking back to the fuel supply of the burner.
10. The complete oil or similar burner and accessories substantially as described
and illustrated in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
11. In an oil or similar burner a wick such as O substantially as described.
12. The complete oil or similar burner and device for supplying fuel thereto sub-
stantially as described and illustrated in Figures 4, 5 and 6 of the accompanying
drawings.
13. In an oil or similar burner the combination with the fuel nozzle and its
needle or controlling valve of a valve or controlling device upon the said needle
ór valve for controlling the air supply.
14. Controlling the air supply to an oil or similar burner by a plate such as J³
carried upon the needle which controls the amount of vapour issuing from the jet
nozzle of the burner.
15. In an oil or similar burner simultaneously controlling the supply of fuel and
air to the burner substantially as described and illustrated in Figure 7 or Figure 8
of the accompanying drawings.
16. In an oil or similar burner a vapouriser so constructed that the part sub-
jected to the heat of the burner flame can be renewed without interfering with the
joints of the pipes which convey fuel to and vapour from the vapouriser.
17. The complete vapouriser for an oil or similar burner substantially as de-
scribed and illustrated in Figure 9 of the accompanying drawings.
18. In an oil or similar burner the combination in a vapouriser of separated
spaces for the steam and fuel.
19. In an oil or similar burner a vapouriser comprising separate receptacles one
for the fuel and one for the steam substantially as described.
20. The steam heated vapourising apparatus for an oil or similar burner sub-

page_text: stantially as described and illustrated in Figure 10 or Figures 11 and 12 of the
accompanying drawings.
21. In an oil or similar burner regulating the temperature of the fuel after it
has been vapourised by passing it through the steam generator heated by the
burner.
22. The complete vapourising apparatus for an oil or similar burner substan-
tially as described and illustrated in Figure 15 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 29th day of June 1898.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicants.