New or Improved Means for Indicating the Pressure on Explosion of the Mixture in Hydrocarbon Motors.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Mar., 1899
Complete Specification Left 1st Dec. 1899-Accepted 6th Jan 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
New or Improved Means for Indicating the Pressure on Explosion of
the Mixture in Hydrocarbon Motors.
I, AUGUSTE DUFLOS, of Vitry en Artois, Pas de Calais, in the Republic of
France, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
Hitherto the pressure developed by the explosion of a mixture in a hydrocarbon
motor has only been approximately demonstrated by laboratory experience which
although made with all desired care, gave results differing widely from those
obtained in constant practice there being no apparatus capable of furnishing these
results under ordinary conditions. But it is important as well for the manu-
facturer as the purchaser to be able to render easy account of the phenomena
taking place inside a motor and especially of their intensity, the exact knowledge
of these facts may moreover suggest improvements which could not be foreseen
without this knowledge.
The very simple apparatus which I have constructed for this purpose and which
forms the object of the present invention allows of reading these results on a gauge
and it gives also other important advantages hereinafter mentioned. It allows
of ascertaining the best effect of a motor while varying the proportions of the
elements constituting the .explosive mixture, of knowing the qualities of such
motor on buying it; of comparing the results obtained by the use of different
fuels and, to the manufacturer, of supplying motors of whose efficiency he is sure.
This apparatus comprises a pipe screwed on the motor cylinder and communi-
cating with its interior on this pipe is arranged a cock for closing the
communication between the cylinder and a gauge arranged at the extremity of a
second pipe connected with the first by a union screw.
Towards one of its extremities the pipe of cast iron is provided with an inside
partition perforated by a central hole, closed by a valve and by a hole or by pass.
obstructed more or less by the extremity of a regulation screw; the valve has a
counter spring which tends to maintain it constantly on its seat and its spindle
slides with small friction in a carrying guide perforated with holes which allow
the two pipes to communicate.
To know the pressure developed in the cylinder of a motor during the explosion
the cock is opened and the extremity of the screw so adjusted that the by-pass is
partially open.
The gas flows into the pipe, passes through the by-pass lifts the valve and goes
to the gauge, the hand of this gauge indicates the pressure.
But the explosion motors and principally those for the propelling of automotor.
vehicles, turn generally with great speed and it is necessary in order to read the
indications of the gauge, that the hand does not follow all the fluctuations of the
pressure and that it is fairly maintained in the region of the graduation corre-
sponding with the maximum pressure; it is this result which is obtained by the
by-pass obstructed partially by the screw.

page_text: When the exploded mixture has arrived in the gauge and the pressure dimi-
nishes in the motor cylinder, this mixture cannot pass back through the orifice
whose valve is closed on its seat by the double effect of pressure of this gas and
of its spring; this gas can also only flow out through the narrow by-pass which
remains free and is adjusted by the screw and its out flow is consequently very
slow, thus the pressure in the gage does not sensibly diminish and the oscillations
of the hand are not very important so that one can easily read its indications.
On using the apparatus the first time it is necessary to regulate the screw in
order to obtain this stability of indication and this screw should not be touched
again. It may be provided with a set nut to fix it once for all in its position.
Dated this 3rd day of March 1890
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
Agents to Applicant,
New or Improved Means for Indicating the Pressure on Explosion of
the Mixture in Hydrocarbon Motors.
I, AUGUSTE DUFLOS, of Vitry en Artois, Pas de Calais, in the Republic of
France, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
-
1
Hitherto the pressure developed by the explosion of a mixture in a hydrocarbon
motor has only been approximately demonstrated by laboratory experiments which
although made with all desired care, gave results differing widely from those
obtained in constant practice there. being no apparatus capable of furnishing
these results under ordinary conditions. But it is important, as well for the
manufacturer as for the purchaser to be able to easily ascertain the pressure pro
duced inside a motor and especially the intensity of these pressures, the exact
knowledge of these facts may moreover suggest improvements which could not
be foreseen without this knowledge.
.m
The very simple apparatus which I have constructed for this purpose and which
forms the object of the present invention allows of reading these pressures or
results on a gauge and has other important advantages for instance; it allows of
ascertaining the best effect of a motor while varying the proportions of the
elements constituting the explosive mixture; of knowing the qualities of such
motor on buying it; of comparing the results obtained by the use of different
fuels and, to the manufacturer, of supplying only motors of whose efficiency. he,
is sure.
"The annexed drawing illustrates the invention:
:F,
The apparatus, comprises a pipe a screwed on the motor cylinder and com-
municating with its interior, on this pipe is arranged a cock b. for, closing the
communication between the cylinder, and a gauge c arranged at the, extremity,
of a second pipe d connected with the first by a union screw e...
⚫ -
Towards one of its extremities the pipe a is provided with an interior partition f
perforated by a central hole g closed by a valve h adjacent to which is a passage
or by-pass more or less obstructed by the extremity of a regulation screw
the valve has a counter spring m which tends to maintain it constantly, on its
seat and its spindle slides with slight friction in an inserted guiden, perforated;
with holes allowing the two pipes to communicate.
To ascertain the pressure developed in the cylinder of a motor during the

page_text: explosion the cock b is opened and the extremity of the screw so adjusted that the
by-pass is partially open.
The gas flows into the pipe a, passes through the by-pass, lifts the valve and
goes to the gauge, the hand of this gauge indicating the pressure.
But explosion motors and principally those for propelling automotor vehicles,
rotate generally at a great speed and it is necessary in order to read the indications
of the gauge, that the hand does not follow all the fluctuations of the pressure
and that it is fairly maintained in the region of the graduation corresponding
with the maximum pressure; it is this result which is obtained by the by-pass
obstructed partially by the screw.
When the exploded mixture has arrived in the gauge cand the pressure
diminishes in the motor cylinder this mixture cannot pass back through the
orifice 9
the valve h of which is closed on its seat by the double effect produced by
the pressure of this and by the spring m; this gas can thus only flow out through
the narrow by-pass i which remains open, the degree of opening being adjusted by
means of the screw k and its outflow is consequently very slow, thus the pressure
in the gauge does not sensibly diminish and the oscillations of the hand are not
very important so that one can easily read its indications. On using the apparatus
the first time it is necessary to regulate the screw in order to obtain this
stability of indication-and this screw should not be touched again; it may be
provided with a set nut to fix it once for all in its position.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
New or improved means for indicating the pressure, on explosion of the mix-
ture, in hydrocarbon motors consisting of a gauge arranged on a pipe provided
with a cock in communication with the motor cylinder, and having a spring
valve which allows the gas to pass to the gauge, the outflow of the gas therefrom
being partially obstructed by a by-pass the opening of which can be regulated
by a regulating screw for the purpose of retarding the outflow of the gas in order
to avoid the sudden oscillations of the indicator needle of the gauge.
Dated this lat love of D
1000
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
Agents to Applicant, 18, Buckingham Street, Strand, W.c.