Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Feb., 1887
Complete Left, 23rd Nov., 1887
Complete Accepted, 23rd Dec., 1887
1, BERNHARD KEMPNER, of 327 Burdett Road, Limehouse, in the County of
Middlesex, Waterproof Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention
to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to enable the better ventilation of waterproof garments
to be effected, whereby the wearing of such garments may be rendered more healthy
and comfortable.
In the construction of waterproof garments various attempts have been made to
provide means for the access of air to those parts of the inner surfaces of the garments
where perspiration most accumulates, so as to enable air to carry off the moisture,
and thereby relieve the wearer from the inconvenience arising from its retention, but
these attempts have only been partially successful.
In carrying out my invention 1 form under the arms of the waterproof garment,
and inserted between the two materials, a flat cone shaped tube, the upper end opening
on the inner surface and the lower end forming an opening on the outer surface of the
garment.
The opening on the inner surface of the garment is about two or three inches in
width and on the outer surface about one inch in width, or thereabouts the diameter
of the tube is about half an inch and the length about three inches.
I do not confine myself to these dimensions as they may be varied to suit the
requirements and nature of the garment, but for ordinary purposes I find that tubes
of the above dimensions are the most suitable.
My improved ventilators may be made of india rubber, vulcanite or any other
suitable material of sufficient strength to keep the same always open so as to allow a
constant current of air to pass through from the outer to the inner surface of the

page_text: garment, the ventilator is kept flat by means of netting or other suitable
contrivance.
When a cape is worn with the waterproof garment one of these ventilators may
he inserted in the back of the garment in the same way as under the arms and it is
obvious that any number may be inserted and in any part of the garment as may be
desired.
My invention is applicable to all kinds of waterproof garments and may be easily
fitted to the same it is simple in construction and a constant current of air being
allowed to pass direct from the outer to the inner surface a perfect means of ventilation
is provided.
Besides being more effective my improved ventilator is less unsightly or cumbersome
than many of the ventilating means now in use.

page_text: Improved Means of Ventilating Waterproof Garments.
I BERNHARD KEMPNER of 327 Burdett Road, Limehouse, in the County of
Middlesex Waterproof Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Whereas, in the manufacture of waterproof garments, various attempts have been
made to provide means for the access of air to those parts of the inner surfaces of the
garments where perspiration accumulates, so as to enable air to circulate and carry off
the moisture, and thereby relieve the wearer of the inconvenience arising from its
retention, but such attempts have hitherto been only partially successful.
Now the object of my invention is to effect improvements in the manufacture of
such garments and to render their use less objectionable and more healthy and com-
fortable than hitherto by providing improved means of ventilating the same.
In carrying out my invention, I form under the arms of the waterproof garment,
and insert between the materials forming the same, a flat cone-shaped tube, the upper
end opening on the inner surface, and the lower end opening on the outer surface of
the garment.
The upper opening, on the inner surface of the garment, is about two or three
inches in width, and that on the outer surface about one inch or more in width;
the diameter of the tube being about half an inch, and the depth about three
inches.
I do not confine myself to these dimensions, as they may be varied to suit the
requirements and nature of the garment, but for ordinary purposes I prefer the above
dimensions.
My improved ventilators may be made of india rubber, vulcanite, or any other
suitable material of sufficient strength and stiffness to keep the same always open, so
as to allow a constant current of air to pass through, from the outer to the inner
surface of the garment. The Ventilator is flattened by means of netting or other
suitable means.
In some cases the openings may be provided with eyelet holes, in addition to or
substitution of one or more of the above mentioned openings to render the same neat
and sightly.
When a Cape is worn with the waterproof garment, one of these ventilators may be
inserted in the back of the garment, in the same way as those under the arms; and
it is obvious that any number of such ventilators may be inserted in any part of the
garment, as may be desired.
My invention is applicable to all kinds of waterproof garments, and may be easily
fitted to the same. It is simple in construction, and, a constant current of air being
allowed to pass directly from the outer to the inner surface, a perfect means of
ventilation is provided.

page_text: Besides being more effective my improved ventilator is less unsightly and cumbrous
than many of the ventilating contrivances now in use.
And in order that my said invention may be particularly described and ascertained,
reference is hereby made to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1, is an elevation shewing the inner side of the Ventilator-Fig. 2 is a plan of
the upper end of the same, and Fig. 3 is an elevation of the outer side of the
Ventilator.
The inside, shewn in Fig. 1, is open at the top at a such opening being preserved
in shape by means of network or crossed threads, as shewn in Fig. 2; the bottom end
at 6 being closed.
The outside, shewn in Fig. 3, is closed at the top, at c, and the lower end dis
open, and such opening is also preserved in shape by similar means to that shewn in
Fig. 2.
In addition to the foregoing openings, I find it advantageous to provide eyelet
holes e, f, as shewn. The inside hole e being at the lower end, and the outside hole f
being at the upper end of the ventilator.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
In the manufacture of waterproof garments, the combination therewith of channels
or passages secured to the same, provided with openings for permitting the circulation
of air and convection of moisture, substantially as herein before described and shewn
on the drawings.
GEO. DOWNING,
Agent for Applicant.