IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF KILNS OR OVENS FOR DRYING AND BURNING BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES."
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Jackson, of Bradford, in the County
of York, Brick and Tile Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF KILNS OR OVENS FOR DRYING AND BURNING BRICKS,
TILES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Jackson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th May 1871.
I, WILLIAM JACKSON, of Bradford, in the County of York, Brick and
Tile Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF KILNS OR OVENS FOR DRYING AND
BURNING BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing kilns or ovens in a series of
chambers or compartments arranged in form of a polygon in plan
external and internal, of any convenient number of sides and angles.
The divisions of the chamber are formed by radial walls joining the

page_text: external with the internal angle and form, which arches are turned over
the chambers so that each arch becomes an abutment to the adjoining
arches. By this construction and arrangement all ironwork hitherto
required as tie rods and plates is dispensed with. Each chamber is
provided with a furnace placed by preference at or near one of the
external angles, also a flue is formed at the other external angle and
another at one of the internal angles extending upwards to chimnies
above the roof and downward into horizontal flues formed below the
floor which are in communication with a chimney in the centre of
the interior space. These flues are provided with dampers so as to effect
a draught either upward or downward as may be required. And
passages are formed in the division walls provided with dampers which
may be opened to allow the heat of one kiln to pass to another if
desirable. Also instead of the series of kilns, as aforesaid, being
arranged in the form of a polygon, they may be arranged in a right
line with the extreme ends of the sides supported by buttresses,
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Jackson in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 15th November 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
JACKSON, of Bradford, in the County of York, Brick and Tile Maker,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Jackson, Her special licence
that I, the said William Jackson, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said William Jackson, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN

page_text: THE CONSTRUCTION OF KILNS OR OVENS FOR DRYING AND BURNING BRICKS, TILES,
AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said William Jackson, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing, under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Jackson, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, and two accompanying Sheets of Drawings
(that is to say) :—
This Invention consists in constructing kilns or ovens in a series of
chambers or compartments arranged in form of a polygon in plan
external and internal of any convenient number of sides and angles.
The divisions of the chambers are formed by radial walls joining the
external with the internal angle, and from which arches are turned over
the chambers, so that each arch becomes an abutment to the adjoining
arches. By this construction and arrangement all ironwork hitherto
required as tie rods and plates is dispensed with. Each chamber is pro-
vided with a furnace, placed by preference at or near one of the external
angles, also a flue is formed at the other external angle and another at
one of the internal angles extending upwards to chimnies above the roof
and downward into horizontal flues formed below the floor, which are in
communication with a chimney in the centre of the interior space.
These flues are provided with dampers so as to effect a draught either
upward or downward as may be required. And passages are formed in
the division walls provided with dampers which may be opened to
allow the heat of one kiln to pass to another if desirable. Also instead
of the series of kilns as aforesaid being arranged in the form of a
polygon they may be arranged in a right line with the extreme ends of
the series supported by buttresses.
Such being the nature and object of this my said Invention, I will now
proceed to describe the same in detail; and in order that the same may
be clearly understood I have hereunto annexed two Sheets of Drawings,

page_text: and have marked the same with figures and letters of reference, the
same letter referring to the same part in the various views or Figures, of
which Fig. 1, Sheet 1, is a general plan (in section) of a kiln or oven
constructed in accordance with my Invention; Fig. 2 is a sectional
elevation on the line A, B, of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation on
the line C, D, of the same Figure, shewing three of the arched chambers
or compartments; Fig. 4 is exterior elevation of one of said chambers or
compartments.
E, E, are a series of chambers or compartments arranged in the form
of a polygon external and internal, having any convenient number of
sides and angles. The divisions of the chambers are formed or obtained
by the radial walls F, F, extending from the external to the internal
walls G, G, and from which the arches H, H, are turned over the
chambers so that each arch becomes an abutment to the adjoining one.
Each of the chambers E is provided with a furnace J, placed by pre-
ference at or near one of the external angles; also a flue K is formed at
the other external angle and another flue L at one of the internal angles
extending upwards to the chimnies M (shewn in section, Fig. 2,) above
the roof and downward into horizontal flues N formed below or under the
floor line P and communicating with the chimney R in the centre of
the interior space, as shewn, or the chimney may be exterior to the kiln,
as shewn at R¹, dotted line. At S, S, (section, Fig. 2,) are dampers for
securing upward or downward draught as required. T, T, are passages
formed in the division or radial walls F, F, so as to allow the heat to pass
from chamber to chamber, and are provided with dampers W, W, for
regulating interchange or passage of the heat from one chamber to the
adjoining one. The course of the heated gases from flues to chimney is
shewn by arrows. The construction and arrangement above described
dispenses with the use of tie rods and plates.
Fig. 5 (Sheet 2) is a front elevation of a series of such chambers
arranged on a right line or continuous; Fig. 6 is a plan view (in section)
of the same; Fig. 7 is a cross section on the line A, B, of Fig. 6; Fig. 8
a sectional elevation shewing interior of chambers on the line C, D, of
Fig. 6; and Fig. 9 is an end elevation of the same, the extreme ends
being supported by buttresses.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention and shewn by
the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings in what manner the same is

page_text: or may be performed or carried into practical effect, I would have it
understood that I claim the peculiar construction and arrangement of
kilns or ovens for drying and burning bricks, tiles, and other similar
articles in manner substantially as herein described and shewn in the
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Jackson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Jackson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
Witness,
WALTER BRIERLEY,
Tasker & Brierley,
Patent Agents,
Halifax & Bradford.
WILLIAM JACKSON. (L.S.)