AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED FOR SAWING AND GROOVING MARBLE AND OTHER STONE, OR IN PRODUCING GROOVES OR MOULDINGS THEREON
Year: 1824

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
TULLOCH, of Savage Gardens, in the City of London, Gentleman, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His present Majesty King George the Fourth, by His Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twelfth day of April now last
past, did give and grant unto me, the said James Tulloch, His especial licence,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said James Tulloch, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, and such others as I, the said James
Tulloch, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
my Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY TO BE
EMPLOYED FOR SAWING AND GROOVING MARBLE AND OTHER STONE, OR IN PRODUCING
GROOVES OR MOULDINGS THEREON;" in which said Letters Patent there is
contained a proviso obliging me, the said James Tulloch, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the said recited Letters Patent,
reference being thereunto had, will moro fully appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Tulloch, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which I practice or carry the same into effect, are fully
described and ascertained by the annexed Drawings, and the following descrip-
tion thereof in writing, that is to say :-
The nature of my Invention consists, first, in causing the reciprocating
frame, which holds the saws or grooving tools I employ in cutting or orna-
menting marble or other kinds of stone, to descend as the cutting or grooving
process advances, so as that the said frame shall at all times reciprocate or
move forward and backward in an horizontal direction, and parallel with the
edges of the saws or grooves in the grooving tools, or nearly so, and in such a
manner as that, although the block of marble or other stone may be softer
at one end than at the other, the cutting by the saws or grooving by the tools
shall not proceed faster at the softer than at the harder end of the block.
And secondly, in the operation of sawing only; in causing each end of the
saw frame to rise a little nearly at the end of every alternate motion, so as
that each end of all the saws affixed to or carried by the said frame may
alternately be lifted upwards a little, for the purpose of allowing the sand and
water (the use of which is well understood by all sawyers of marble or stone)
to be more freely introduced between the stone to be cut and the lower edges
of the saws than is practicable when the said frame and saws are made so as
not to rise.
Before describing the manner in which I practise and carry ny said Inven-
tion or improvements into effect, I will here premise that, for the sake of more
clearly explaining the same, I have hereto annexed Drawings of the whole of
the machinery I employ in sawing and grooving marble or other stone.
Fig. 1, in the said Drawings, is an elevation or side view of two frames,
one with saws and the other with grooving tools; and in this Figure also is
shewn the wheelwork and cranks for working or putting the said saws and
grooving tools into motion. Fig. 2 is a plan or sectional view of the same,
taken horizontally. Fig. 3 is an end view of the grooving frame. And Fig. 4
is a Drawing upon a larger scale, of the apparatus attached to each corner
of the saw frame, as shewn at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, in Fig. 1. And I will
also premise that in each of the said Drawings or Figures I shall herein-after
make use of the same letters or marks of reference to denote the same thing
wherever it can conveniently be done. These several Drawings I shall now
proceed more particularly to explain.
In Figs. 1 and 2, A, A, and A, A, are two long sills or pieces of timber,
upon which the saw frames are fixed. B, B, is another piece of timber for

page_text: Supporting the upper part of the saw frames, and other parts of the machinery
erein-after described. D, D, D, D, D, D, are six pieces of timber, laid across
he building for supporting the spindles, &c., shewn in the Drawing, and which
will also herein-after be described. C is one of two wall plates or pieces of
timber, upon which the said cross pieces D, D, &c., rest. E, E, E, E, and
E, E, E, E, in Fig. 1, are side views of two cast-iron frames, standing
upon and fixed to the sills A. A cross section or end view of one of the said
frames is shown also in Fig. 3. The four corner pieces or posts of the said
frames are also denoted by the Letter E, in the horizontal section of the same,
in Fig. 2. The frames for holding the saws or the grooving tools, and which
I have herein-before called the reciprocating frames, are shewn in Figs. 1, 2,
and 8, and are marked by the Letter F. In each of the aforesaid fixed
frames E, E, &c., I employ two cast-iron frames, one of which is shown in
Fig. 3, at G, G, G, G, and the position of the said frames is also shown
at G, G, G, G, in Fig. 2, and by the dotted lines marked G, in Fig. 1. The
aforesaid frames G are made so as to slide up and down, and for this purpose
their sides are mado parallel, and are fitted into grooves in the upright posts of
the fixed frame E, as is shewn in Fig. 2. I employ the said frames G for the
purpose of supporting the reciprocating frames F, and for guiding them in
their reciprocating motion; and to this end I attach to each of the said
frames G the two rollers a, a, as shewn in Fig. 1 and 3, for the support of the
reciprocating frames F, so that there are four such rollers to each of the
frames F. I also attach to each of the said frames G two other rollers b, b, as
shown in Figs 3 and 2, with their axes in a vertical position, so as to guide
the said frames F laterally. In Fig. 1, H, I, and II, II, are two iron
spindles lying horizontally nearly over the middle of each of the aforesaid fixed
frames, and upon each of the said spindles EI, E, is hung the wheel J, the two
rollers or barrels K, and the roller L. To cach of the rollers K, I fastcu a
chain, and to the lower end of each of the said chains I append one of the
aforesaid frames G, in the manner shewn in Fig. 3, taking care that the chains
are of such a length as to raise the reciprocating frames F to the proper
height, and keep them in a horizontal position. To the ring or groove in the
edge of the wheel J, I fasten the upper end of the chain M; and to the lower
end of the chain M, I append the balance weight W, so that the said weight
may in part act as a counterpoise to the frames G, G, and F, F. But as these,
whenever they are at work, ought to preponderate, so as that the saws or
grooving tools may act with a sufficient weight or force against the stone
to be cut, and as this preponderating force must be greater or less according
as the number of saws employed in one frame at a time is more or less,

page_text: or according to the greater or less breadth of the grooving tools, the
counterweight W must be varied. I therefore make use of a number of
smaller weights of lead or cast iron, of such a shape as to render their
application to and their removal from the chain at W easy and convenient.
I shall now describe the machinery I employ for putting the reciprocating
frames into motion. As a first mover I employ a steam engine of six horses
power, which I find sufficient for working two of the said reciprocating frames.
In Fig. 1, at P, is represented a wheel put into motion by the said steam
engine (but any other first mover of sufficient power would answer the same
end). Q, Q, are two other wheels, each having the same number of teeth,
and are turned by the wheel P. The axle of one of the wheels Q is shewn at
g, in Fig. 2. The other wheel Q has a similar axle. Upon the end of each
of the said axles is a crank, as shewn at R, R, in Fig. 1, and at R, in Fig. 2,
each crank being of the same radius. S, S, S, S, are four connecting rods,
two applied to one crank and two to the other. O, O, are two upright bars of
iron, suspended by the two radius bars V, V, and V, V, as shewn at Fig. 1.
The upper ends of the said bars V are fastened by joint pieces to the top of the
building, as shewn in the Drawing; the lower ends of the said bars V are also
fastened to the upper ends of the bars O by joint pins, so as that the said bars
are at liberty to move backwards and forwards in the direction in which the saws
are intended to move. Upon each of the bars O, O, are fixed, by screws or other-
wise, the two pieces c, d, and c, d, and to the said pieces c, d, and c, d, I attach
by joint pins the outer ends of the connecting rods S, S, S, S, as shown in
Figures 1 and 2. To each of the said bars 0 I adapt the two pieces e, c, the
sides of the said bars being made parallel; mortices are made in each of the
pieces e, e, through which the bars O pass out in such a manner as that the
pieces e may slide or move freely up or down upon the said bars O. X, X,
are two connecting rods, with a joint at each end, one end of each being
fastened to the reciprocating frames F, F, at f, f, and the other ends thereof
to the pieces e, e, as is shewn in the Figures 1 and 2. To the pieces e, e, I also
attach the lower ends of the chains N, N; the upper ends of the said chains
are fastened to and pass round the two barrels L, L. The bars O, O, are held
in their respective places laterally by the four guide pieces T, T, and T, T.
Each of the said picces T have slits in them, through which the said bars pass,
the width of the said slits being equal to the thickness of the said bars, and
the length of the said slits is such as to allow the said bars O to move back-
wards and forwards through a space equal to that moved through by the
reciprocating frames F. U, U, U, is a cast-iron frame for supporting onc end
of each of the axles upon which the cranks are fixed, as shewn in Fig. 1 and in

page_text: Fig. 2, at U, U. The reciprocating frames F are so constructed as that either
saws or grooving tools can be applied to them as occasion may require. In
Fig. 2, at s, s, &c., are represented a number of saws fixed in one of the said
frames, and the manner of fastening tho said saws to the said frames will be
understood by any competent workman on inspecting the Drawing, wherein
the end pieces and tightening wedges are seen at p, p. To the other recipro-
cating frame F, I have affixed (or represented them as so affixed) the grooving
tools, as at t, t, by means of the screws and cross bars shewn at r, r, r.
cross section of the grooving tools is also seen in Fig. 3, at t, t, where they are
represented as lying upon a slab of marble u (coloured blue) to be grooved.
7, 7, 7, 7, denote a four-wheeled truck, which, for the sake of greater con-
venience, I employ for supporting the slab, and by which the slab is conveyed
to and from the grooving frame. In Fig. 1 is represented a block of
marble J, J, J, J, as undergoing the operation of sawing. The block J is also
represented as lying upon a truck h, h, h, having four wheels.
A
In Fig. 1 is also represented the two water cisterns k, and k, which are
furnished with a number of cocks (such as common beer cocks) on both sides,
as seen at 1, 1, and 1, 1, and to the bottom, and on each side of the said
cisterns I affix the inclining boards n, n, n, n. The width of the said
cisterns and inclining boards in the other direction, that is, across the sawing
and grooving frames, should correspond to the width of the block of stone
to be cut, or the slab to be grooved. During the operation of sawing or
grooving a workman is constantly employed in supplying sand, of a sharp
grit, upon the surface of each of the inclining boards; he at the same time
allows the water from the cistern to be discharged through as many of the
cocks as are found requisite, and in such a quantity as will gradually wash off
the sand from the boards, and supply to the saws or grooving tools a tolerably
uniform stream of water mixed with sand, the sand being the immediate agent,
both in sawing and grooving. These water cisterns, as is shown in the
Drawing, are placed directly over the stone to be cut or grooved, and are
fastened by iron straps or otherwise to the top of the frames E, in Fig. 1.
The apparatus I employ for causing both ends of the saws to rise a little, near
the end of their motion, either to the right or left, is shewn at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
and 6, and it is also shown on a larger scale in Fig. 4, where E, E, represents
a part of one of the upright posts of the fixed frame E, herein-before described.
The dotted lines at G, G, shew the situation of the vertical frames. G and F
is a side view of the end of the reciprocating frame F. To the under side of
the said end I affix the piece marked 2, by the joint shewn at 1, so as that the
other end of the said piece 2 may be at liberty to move round the joint pin

page_text: at 1, and thereby be placed at any required angle with the lower side of the
frame F, I mean the lower side or edge of the frame, which is to be made
straight, and which lies upon the roller a. Above the moveable end of the
piece 21 place a wedge, seen at 3; and, in order to keep the wedge in its
place, I apply the flat staple at 4, which embraces both the wedge and the
piece 2, the staple being rivetted or otherwise fastened to the lower side of
the frame F, as will be understood by the Drawing. The piece 2 is held up
against the wedge by the spring 6, and the wedge is forced in and held at the
proper place by the screw 5.
A similar apparatus to that which I have described, and which is delineated
at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, is applied to each corner of the reciprocating frame F
whenever saws are to be employed; but they are not required, and therefore
not used, when the grooving tools are applied.
From the description of this apparatus, and by inspecting the Drawings, it
will be understood that the frame F when in motion, and sliding or rolling over
or upon the rollers a, and whenever the piece 2 (having the inclination repre-
sented in the Drawing) is brought upon the roller a, it will cause that end of
the frame F to which it is applied to rise, together with the corresponding
ends of all the saws which may then be fixed in the said frame, thus allowing
the water and sand to pass the saws and be deposited below them upon the
part of the stone to be cut. When the grooving tools are used the water and
sand are introduced between the opposed surfaces of the tools and the stone by
several holes or perforations through the said tools.
It will also be clearly understood, from what I have herein-before said, and
by inspecting the several Drawings hereto annexed, that whenever the wheel, P
is put into motion, the wheels Q and Q, and the cranks R, R, will be made to
revolve, and that the revolution of the said cranks will, by means of the
rods S, S, S, S, the bars O, O, and the rods X, X, communicate a reciprocat-
ing motion to the frames F. The wheels Q, and Q, having the same number
of teeth in each, they will make the same number of revolutions in the same
time. The radii of the two cranks R and R, being of the same length, and
placed exactly parallel with each other, they will cause the bars O and O to
move backward and forward in a vertical position, and parallel with each other.
And it will also be understood, that if the barrels K and L be made of the
same diameter, and the chains properly applied, the frames F and the connect-
ing rods X, X, will always move in a horizontal direction, or nearly so,
throughout the operation of sawing from the top to the bottom of the block,
or throughout the depth required in grooving a slab.
And lastly, I do declare that although I have herein-before described, and

page_text: have in the Drawings hereto annexed delineated, all the essential parts of the
machines I employ for sawing or grooving marble or other stone, I lay no
claim to the whole or any part thereof, either in combination or individually,
as forming any part of my said Invention or improvements, excepting those
parts which I shall herein-after more particularly set forth, that is to say:-
My Invention or improvements consists,―
First, in an apparatus (one modification of which I have herein-before
described, and which by experience I have found to answer well) for causing
each end of the saws to rise a little, nearly at the end of their reciprocating
motion cach way.
And, secondly, in the rollers, chains, and other apparatus herein-before
described as being employed in supporting the aforesaid reciprocating frames,
and causing them to move in a horizontal direction, or nearly so.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Tulloch, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and twenty-four.
JAMES TULLOCH. (L.S.)
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Sixth day of October,
in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid James Tulloch came before our
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written. And
also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute in that case made and provided.