IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPH APPARATUS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Sydney Pitt, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPH APPARATUS.” A communication
from abroad by Ebenezer Baker Welch, of Cambridge, in the County of
Middlesex, and State of Massachusetts, United States of America,
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Sydney Pitt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th December 1878.
SYDNEY PITT, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey, "IMPROVEMENTS IN TELE-
GRAPH APPARATUS." [A communication from abroad by Ebenezer Baker Welch,
of Cambridge, in the County of Middlesex, and State of Massachusetts, United
States of America.]
My Invention relates to various improvements in telegraph apparatus, and I will
now proceed to describe the same in detail, and under different heads.
Firstly. I have an improvement relating to that class of printing telegraph in
which the type wheel is rotated step by step, either by the direct action upon a
ratchet wheel fixed upon the type wheel arbor, or an arbor connected therewith of
a suitable propelling pawl vibrated by electro-magnetism, or by the action upon a
ratchet wheel similarly placed, of an escapement similarly vibrated in connection.
with a train operated by any suitable motor, and imparting a constant tendency to
rotate to the type wheel, and the press mechanism operates to effect the printing
when a pause occurs in the step-by-step movement of the type wheel, which im-
provement consists in the combination with the printing mechanism of a toothed
wheel fixed upon the type wheel arbor, or an arbor connected therewith, an oscil-
lating arm, the end of which arm bears upon the periphery of the toothed wheel,
and is moved by the teeth of said wheel as they are successively presented to the
end of the arm on the rotation of the type wheel arbor, but is moved in the other
direction by the action of a retracting spring, a device acting to retard the move-

page_text: ment of the arm in one direction, but permitting its free movement in the other
direction ; said device consisting of a serrated disc rotated by the action upon the
disc, or upon a ratchet wheel fixed upon the arbor of the disc of a propelling pawl
attached to the oscillating arm, said pawl being so constructed, that it only acts to
rotate the disc when the oscillating arm turns in one direction, but slips over the
teeth of the ratchet wheel or serrated disc, when the arm turns in the other
direction in combination with a pendulous escapement which prevents the disc from
being rotated except at a certain rate, and a device which determines the action of
the printing mechanism; the result accomplished by this arrangement of mechanism
being, that while the type wheel is rotating, the oscillating arm will not have time
between the successive impulses given to it by the teeth of the toothed wheel on
the type wheel arbor, to move in the opposite direction given by these impulses,
sufficiently to determine the action of the press, owing to the action of the retarding
device; but when the motion of the type wheel is arrested, the arm will move
sufficiently to determine the action of the press mechanism, and cause the impression
of a letter. The method of effecting the rotation of the type wheel, or of effecting
the movement of the printing mechanism, forms no part of this improvement, which
relates solely to the combination with any device for rotating a type wheel with a
step-by-step movement of mechanical means for automatically determining the
action of any suitable press-moving mechanism, when the step-by-step rotation of
the type wheel is arrested; on bringing the letter which it is desired to print in
proper relation to the press, and the improvement is applicable to telegraph instru-
ments in which power is used for rotating the type wheel and operating the press,
and to those in which the type wheel is propelled by the direct action of electro-
magnetism; and the printing mechanism is operated by a magnet placed in a local
circuit, or in the main circuit. I have however, for the purpose of more clearly
explaining the construction and operation of the Invention shown it as applied to a
special form of printing telegraph herein-after to be described, in which there is but
one main driving train, but the type wheel and press train derive motion from the
same main train, and the two sets of gearing are connected by an epicyclic gearing
of novel construction, and in which instrument the escapement wheel on the type
wheel arbor is released step by step by an escapement attached to the armature of
a Siemens polarized magnet, acted upon by alternating positive and negative
currents, as in Letters Patent, No. 40, granted to Bristow Hunt, January 3, 1873,
as a cominunication from E. Baker Welch and George Lee Anders.
Secondly. I have improvements relating to that class of printing telegraphs in
which the type wheel is rotated step by step by the action of electro-magnetism,
and the printing mechanism is controlled by a device operating the type wheel
mechanism in connection with a retarding device, which permits the free movement
of the controlling device in one direction, but retards its movement in the other
direction, whereby the action of the printing mechanism is automatically effected
when the step-by-step movement of the type wheel is arrested, and particularly to
printing telegraphs of the class referred to, used for reporting stock or market
quotations, in which printing telegraphs there are two contiguous type wheels
which are respectively used for printing, as it may be desired to print either letters
or figures. In that class of printing telegraphs which has retarding mechanism in
connection with controlling devices, the use of a second magnet for operating the
press situated on the main line curcuit is not required, and consequently the increase
or decrease in the strength of the main line current, or the reversal of the said
current, can be used for operating other special devices. These improvements
consist,―
First. In the combination with an electro-magnet or magnets rotating the type
wheel or type wheels step by step, by the action of alternate, positive, and negative
currents, of a device operated by electro-magnetism, and a prolonged main line
current for shifting the printing pad and paper strip, or the type wheels, so as to
obtain an impression from either of two contiguous type wheels, and acting to shift

page_text: in one direction by a prolonged current of one polarity, and in the other direction
by a prolonged current of opposite polarity.
Second. In the combination of a type wheel or contiguous type wheels rotated
step by step, a press or type wheel, shifting device, and an unison device, all sepa-
rately and independently actuated by the direct action of the main line current,
and mechanism for moving the printing pad to effect an impression operating
automatically on arresting the step-by-step rotation of the type wheel or type
wheels.
Third. In the combination of a main driving train mechanism for rotating a type
wheel or type wheels mechanism for moving the printing pad to effect an impression,
and an epiclyclic gearing connecting said mechanism, so that both are driven by the
same driving train, when the action of the mechanism rotating the type wheel is
controlled by electro-magnetism, so that a step-by-step rotation is given, and the
mechanism moving the printing pad is controlled by a device operated by the type
wheel mechanism in connection with a retarding device which permits the free
movement of the controlling device in one direction, but retards its movement in
the other direction, whereby the movement of the printing pad is automatically
effected on arresting the step-by-step movement of the type wheel or type wheels.
Fourth. In an electro-magnetic device for bringing the type wheel or type wheels
to unison, operated by a periodic variation in the strength of the main line current.
Fifth. In an improved device for moving the press to effect an impression.
Sixth. In an improved feeding roller having alternate smooth and serrated
surfaces.
.Seventh. In the combination with a magneto-generator for transmitting alternate,
positive, and negative currents to the line of a commutator, keys, and arrangement
of circuits for transmitting to the line a prolonged current of either polarity at will.
Eighth. In the combination with a magneto-generator of one or more magnets
operated thereby, and each rotating a type wheel step by step, and one or more
press mechanisms operated mechanically, and effecting an impression when the
step-by-step movement of the type wheel is arrested.
Ninth. In the combination of the step-by-step type wheel movement, the polarized
magnet operating the same, the press and mechanism operating mechanically to
effect an impression when the step-by-step movement of the type wheel is arrested.
Thirdly. I have improvements relating to printing telegraphs in which the type
wheel is operated or controlled by an electro-magnet operated by interruptions of
the main line current, so as to rotate step by step, which improvements consist,-
First. In a mechanical unison device for arresting the rotation of the type wheel
arbor, or its equivalent at a certain fixed point, brought into action by currents of
one polarity, and disconnected by a current of opposite polarity.
Second. In a mechanical unison device for printing telegraphs, having two con-
tiguous type wheels on the same arbor, and rotated step by step, which unison
device is brought into action and disconnected by the mechanism which shifts the
printing pad or type wheels, for the purpose of obtaining an impression from either
of the type wheels.
Third. In the combination with the printing magnet of a retarding device placed
in the main line circuit, whereby the printing is effected by a prolongation of the
main line current.
Fourth. In the combination with an unison device for two contiguous type
wheels rotated step by step of a type wheel magnet, a printing magnet, and a
shifting magnet operated by reversals of the current, all placed in the main line
circuit, and a retarding device which prevents the operation of the printing
mechanism, unless a prolonged current is transmitted through the printing magnet,
which unison device is brought into action by a current of one polarity, and dis-
connected by a current of opposite polarity.
Fifth. In a new device for moving the printing pad to effect an impression.
Fourthly. I have improvements which relate to that class of printing telegraphs,
n which there are two contiguous type wheels, either of which may be used at

page_text: will, which are rotated step by step by the action of a suitable device actuated by
an electro-magnet excited by intermittent currents, and in which class of printing
telegraphs the printing mechanism is operated by an electro-magnet placed in the
same circuit with the type-wheel magnet, and is moved so as to effect an impression
when a prolonged current is transmitted. These improvements consist,-
First. In a printing telegraph, having two contiguous type wheels independently
rotated step by step by an electro-magnet, one type wheel being rotated when the
current is of one polarity, and the other when the current is of the other polarity.
Second. In the combination of two contiguous and independently rotated type
wheels, suitable releasing escapements or propelling pawls for each type wheel for
giving a step-by-step movement to the same, a single electro-magnet and armature
acting to move the escapements or propelling pawls, and a polarized tongue pivotted
between the poles of the electro-magnet, and so arranged in connection with the
armature and the mechanism for rotating the type wheels that the movement of
the armature will cause the rotation of either one of the two type wheels accordingly
as the said polarized tongue rests against one or the other pole of the electro-
magnet, the position of the said tongue being determined by the polarity of the
current.
Third. In so mounting the said type wheels upon their shafts and connecting
them with certain mechanism, to be described herein-after, that when one type
wheel is rotated the other type wheel will return to the unison point.
Fourth. In a device for feeding the paper strip operated by the movement of the
impression pad..
+
Fifthly. I have improvements which relate to that class of printing telegraphs in
which there are two contiguous type wheels, either of which may be used at will.
These improvements consist,-
First. In the combination in a telegraph instrument of the class above referred
to of two independently actuating printing pads with a polarized lever, which I
entitle a "director," operated by a change in the polarity of the current to determine
the action of one or the other of the printing pads.
4
Second. In the combination in a printing telegraph of the class referred to of said
polarized lever or "director" with a unison device which is operated thereby,
and which holds the type wheels at unison when the said director is in one posi-
tion, and permits them to rotate freely when the director is in the other
position.
Sixthly. I have improvements which relate to that class of printing telegraphs in
which the type wheels is released step by step by the action of magneto-electric
currents, and the printing mechanism is controlled by a device operated by the type
wheel mechanism in connection with a retarding device, which permits the free
movement of the controlling device in one direction, but retards its movement in
the other direction, whereby the action of the printing mechanism is automatically
effected when the step-by-step movement of the type wheel is arrested. These
improvements consist,-
First. In a printing telegraph of the class referred to in which the type wheel is
impelled by the motor which operates the generator of the magneto-electric currents
releasing the type wheel, instead as heretofore by an independent motor, such as a
train of clockwork.
Second. In a printing telegraph of the class referred to in which the printing is
effected by suitable mechanism actuated by the motor of the generator of the
magneto-electric currents releasing the type wheel when the succession of currents
through the type-wheel magnet is interrupted.
:
Third. In a printing telegraph of the class referred to in which the type wheel is
impelled and the press mechanism is actuated by the motor of the generator of the
magneto-electric currents releasing the type wheel.
Fourth. In the gearing and mechanism, herein-after more fully described, whereby
the type wheel is impelled and the press mechanism is actuated by the motor of the
generator of the magneto-electric currents releasing the type wheel.

page_text: Fifth. In a retarding device for preventing the printing mechanism from being
operated except when the succession of currents through the type-wheel magnet is
interrupted, consisting of a toothed wheel rotated at an uniform rate by the motor
which rotates the type wheel, but so geared that its rate of rotation is slower than
that of the type wheel.
Sixth. A polarized armature of such form that it will have two extremities of the
same induced polarity, each of which is influenced by only one pole of the electro-
magnet for a Siemens polarized magnet.
Seventhly. I have improvements in transmitters which I use in operating my
printing telegraph instruments by magneto-electric currents. These transmitters are
similar in form to those which are used in connection with the instruments described
in the Patent before referred to, in which transmitters the depression of a key causes
the currents from the generators to be short circuited, thereby releasing the arma-
ture of the printing magnet, and causing the operation of the printing mechanism.
Instead of effecting the printing by cutting off the current from the line, it may
be effected by strengthening the current, and my first improvement under this
seventh head consists in the combination with the keys of a resistance in the line,
and so connected to the keys that it is cut out and the line current strengthened by
the depression of any one of the keys.
It may also be desirable to operate the type-wheel magnet by interruptions in a
current of one polarity instead of by the transmission of alternate currents of
opposite polarity, as described in the Patent before referred to, and my second
improvement under this seventh head consists in the combination with a cylindrical
transmitter, such as has been referred to, of a commutator upon the shaft of the
armature of the magneto-generator, a make and break wheel upon the transmitter,
and a switch for changing the polarity of the current.
I have also another improveinent under this seventh head, which consists in the
combination of a transmitting cylinder, a series of keys, a permanent magnet, a
rotating armature, and suitable gearing, whereby a simple and compact transmitter
is obtained.
Eightly. I have an improvement in that class of printing telegraphs in which the
step-by-step movement of the type wheel is effected by an electro-magnet energized
by a current from a galvanic battery, and the printing is automatically effected
when the step-by-step movement of the type wheel is arrested; and the improve-
ment consists in the combination of a spring contact arm fixed upon the type-wheel
arbor, or any other arbor connected therewith, and forming part of the circuit
through the electro-magnet effecting the step-by-step movement of the type wheel,
with a disc composed of a series of conducting segments corresponding in number to
the characters upon the type wheel, separated from each other by non-conducting
segments, and traversed by the spring contact arm on the rotation of the type-
wheel arbor or other arbor to which said spring contact arm is fixed, and a range
of circuit breaking keys connected in the circuit through the electro-magnet effecting
the step-by-step rotation of the type wheel, and each connected by a wire to one of
the segments of the disc before referred to, whereby the type wheel will automati-
cally rotate step by step on closing the circuit through the electro-magnet, and its
rotation will be arrested and the printing of a letter effected by breaking the circuit
at the key corresponding to said letter.
Ninthly. I have improvements relating to electrical switches for telegraph lines,
such improvements having for their object to provide a switch that can be manipu-
lated to connect or disconnect telegraph circuits or apparatus by an operator at any
distance from the switch. Heretofore a telegraphic switch has usually been capable
of being manipulated only by an operator located at the same point as the switch,
so that the point where the switch is located must be connected with each of the
different points with which it is to communicate by a separate wire, thus involving
much expense in the construction of telegraph lines. This part of my Invention is
intended particularly to reduce to the minimum the amount of telegraph line
necessary for telegraphic intercommunication between a given point and several

page_text: points connected therewith, and it is especially adapted for a central office having
many points of communication, as in the district telegraph system of the United
States of America, as it enables the central or main office to be connected to a group
of distant offices by a single wire extending to a point near such group, and separate.
shorter lines diverging from this point to the offices of the group, the single wire
being connected with either of the diverging wires at the will of the operator at the
central office. These improvements consist essentially in the combination of a
contact arm connected in a telegraphic circuit, and a series of contacts connected
with separate telegraph wires, with electro mechanical and automatic mechanism,
herein-after described, whereby the contact arm is caused to make contact succes-
sively with the contact plates by electrical currents of one polarity, stopped when it
reaches a predetermined or normal point, and released by currents of an opposite
polarity, and allowed to resume its movement, the electro-mechanical mechanism
being adapted to be operated from a point in electric connection therewith at any
distance from the switch.
Such being the nature and object of the said Invention for improvements in
telegraph apparatus, I will now proceed to describe more in detail the manner in
which the same is to be or may be performed or carried into practical effect, and
in order that the same may be distinctly understood I have annexed hereunto nine
Sheets of Drawings illustrative thereof, and have marked the same with figures and
letters of reference corresponding with those in the following explanation thereof,
that is to say :-
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, is a side view in elevation of a telegraph instrument containing
the improvement referred to under the first head, a portion of the framing being
broken away for the purpose of showing the retarding mechanism; and Fig. 2,
Sheet 1, is a plan view of the same.
In these several Figures the same letters refer to the same parts.
Referring to the Figures, A, A, are two plates forming the framing of the instru-
ment, supporting its several parts and affording bearings thereto; B is the gear
wheel of the main driving train, which is suitably enclosed under the framing A, A,
and is driven by a weight or spring; C is an arbor bearing in the framing A, A,
and having upon it a pinion D, which gears with the wheel B. Attached to the
arbor C, at right angles thereto, is an arm I, upon which, as a bearing, is the
bevelled pinion H, which gears with two bevelled gear wheels F, F¹, opposed to one
another; these bevel gear wheels are attached each to sleeves E, E¹, upon the arbor C,
and upon each of the sleeves respectively are fixed the gear wheels B', B².
The gear wheel B' is connected by a pinion D¹ to the type wheel arbor, and the
gear wheel B2 gears with the arbors C2 and C³ of the press escapement by means of
the pinions D, D³ By this arrangement of gearing when the movement of the
press mechanism is prevented by its escapement, the power of the main driving
train will be applied to rotate the type wheel arbor through the pinion D, arbor C,
arm I, bevelled pinion H, bevel gear wheel F, gear wheel B', and pinion D¹, and
when the press escapement releases the press mechanism, and the type wheel escape-
ment holds the type wheel arbor, the power of the main driving train will be applied
to operate the press through the pinion D, arbor C, arm I, bevelled pinion H, bevel
gear wheel F¹, gear wheel B2, and ratchet wheel K. O is the escapement wheel on
the type wheel arbor; M is the Siemens polarized magnet; P, the escapement
operated thereby; and T is the type wheel.
The mechanism for moving the press, which press is shown at S, consists of a
ratchet wheel K attached to the sleeve of the gear wheel B2, and a lever L pivotted
on the inside of the frame plate A, the end of which lever bears against the
ratchet wheel, so that it is raised by the teeth of the ratchet wheel when the latter
rotates.
A pin N2 projects through the plate A, and when the lever L is raised this pin
raises the lever R, to which the press pad S¹ is attached, and the impression is
made.
I will now proceed to describe the construction and operation of the devices for

page_text: causing the action of the press mechanism when the rotation of the type wheel is
arrested.
Fixed upon the type wheel arbor is a wheel J, provided with teeth or pins. C
is a rock shaft, properly supported in the framing; and a is an arm attached thereto,
the end of which arms rests upon the teeth or pins on the wheel J, so that as these
teeth or pins are successively presented to the end of the arm a, on the rotation of
the type wheel arbor, the said arm and its rock shaft will be vibrated. e is another
arm, also attached to the rock shaft, and vibrating with it, the end of which is
provided with a spring pawlf; h is a serrated disc mounted on an axis on the
plate A¹; and i is a smaller toothed wheel upon the arbor of the serrated wheel;
p is a pendulum pivotted to the frame plate A, which pendulum has attached to it
an anchor escapement 7, which bears against the serrated wheel h, so that when
the wheel or disc rotates it will cause the pendulum to oscillate by the action of the
escapement, and the disc will be prevented from rotating except at the rate deter-
mined by the time required for the pendulum to make its oscillations.
It is obvious that if the anchor escapement is placed by the side of the serrated
wheel instead of under the same, as shown, the pendulum will not be necessary, as
the escapement will then vibrate or oscillate in the same manner as a pendulum.
Instead of the escapement, as described, any suitable escapement which will
accomplish the same result may be used.
The pawlf, by acting upon the toothed wheel i, rotates the disc when the arm e
moves to the position shown in full lines, but when the arm e rises to the position
shown in dotted lines the spring pawl f will slip over the teeth of the toothed wheel
without moving it.
Attached to the rock shaft is another arm b, to which is attached a spring S¹,
which has a tendency to draw the arm down or into the position shown in full
lines.
When the teeth on the wheel J strike against the end of the arm a the end of
the arm is raised up, the rock shaft is moved, and the spring pawl glides over the
teeth of the wheel without rotating it, but when the end of the arm escapes from
the pin or tooth on the wheel J, and commences to drop down from the position
shown in dotted lines to that shown in full lines, the pawl f will act upon the
toothed wheel, but for the reason that the rotation of this wheel is retarded by
the action of the escapement upon the serrated wheel the lever a will not have time
to move but a short distance before it is again elevated by the presentation of the
next succeeding tooth or pin on the wheel J.
When the arm or lever a is allowed to drop down to its full distance by the arrest
of the step-by-step rotation of the type wheel, the press mechanism is released, but
not until then, and consequently as long as the type wheel arbor is in rotation the
press mechanism will be prevented from acting.
The toothed wheel J may be placed upon any arbor connected with the type
wheel arbor.
The press escapement consists of two arbors C2, C3, mounted in the framing one
above the other, and driven by the wheel B2 by means of the pinions D³, D³. Each
of these arbors has an arm attached to it, the arm e' attached to the arbor C³,
extending downward, and the arm d extending upward, so that the ends of the
arms nearly meet.
Between the ends of these arms plays the arm b upon the rock shaft C₁, and when
the arm bis drawn down by the spring S¹ to the position shown in full lines in
Fig. 1 the arm d strikes against a lip on the under side of the arm b, so that the
revolution of said arm d will be prevented, and the press mechanism will be pre-
vented from moving, and when the arm b is elevated to the position shown in dotted
lines the revolution of the arm e' will be prevented by the lip on the end of b, and
the press mechanism will be again prevented from moving.
The position of the arms e and d in relation to each other is such that while the
arm b is passing between e³ and d, and the press moving train is free to move, the

page_text: latter will be able to move the distance of one tooth on the ratchet wheel, thereby
operating the press once.
Instead of the above-described escapement any other suitable form of escapement
may be made use of which will accomplish the same result, namely, a momentary
release of the press mechanism sufficient to effect an impression when the arm a is
allowed to drop down.
The press mechanism, instead of being operated mechanically, as described, may
be operated by an electro-magnet, whose circuit is controlled by the action of the
retarding device in any suitable manner, so that said magnet will not operate the
press mechanism except when a pause of proper duration takes place in the step-by-
step rotation of the type wheel.
The press magnet may be placed in the main line circuit, and its action prevented
by the retarding device, except when the step-by-step rotation of the type wheel is
arrested for a proper time.
I am aware that a device which retards the action of the press mechanism is not
new in printing telegraphs, but I am not aware of any device which has the mode
of operation of that which I have described, and which is equally simple in construc-
tion and efficient in action.
In Figs. 1, 2, and 3 of Sheet 5 a printing telegraph instrument is shown con-
taining the improvement referred to under the first head in a modified form from
that shown in Figs. 1 and 2, Sheet 1, but similar in the principle of its construction
and operation.
This Invention is of simple construction, and has been found to operate efficiently
and rapidly.
Fig. 1 is a plan view of the instrument; Fig. 2 is a side view of the same in
elevation.
Fig. 3 is a view in elevation of the inside of the plate A', and shows the retarding
device.
In these several Figures the same letters refer to the same parts.
In this instrument the type wheel and the mechanism operating the printing pad
are both operated by the same motor by the arrangement of gearing described in the
Patent before referred to.
A, A', are the plates which enclose the mechanism, and afford bearings for the
arbors of the instrument; B is the barrel enclosing the driving spring; and C, C¹,
are gear wheels rotated by said spring. The gear wheel C gears with a pinion D
fixed upon a sleeve loose upon the arbor E, upon which sleeve is also fixed the
second gear wheel F, which gears with the pinion G fixed upon the type wheel
arbor H; I is the type wheel escapement of the usual form, which is loose upon the
type wheel arbor, but is connected to the pinion G by a spiral spring K; L is the
type wheel. Fixed to the type wheel arbor is the toothed wheel N, the function of
which will be herein-after described.
The gear wheel C₁ gears with a pinion D¹ fixed upon another sleeve loose upon
the arbor E, and on this sleeve is also fixed a gear wheel F', which gears with the
pinion G'upon the arbor O. Upon the same sleeve with the gear wheel F¹ is fixed
the ratchet wheel P, the teeth of which as the wheel rotates strike the extremity of
the lever R pivoted at S¹ to the side plate A, and carrying a roller T, which acts
as the printing pad, and rotates upon a suitable arbor. Attached to this lever is a
spring U, which acts to keep the roller from contact with the type wheel. Upon
the roller is a ratchet wheel V, the teeth of which engage with the paper strip
which passes under a spring W attached to the lever, and Y is a spring pawl fixed
to the side plate A, which engages with this ratchet wheel every time that the
lever R descends after being forced against the type wheel for printing a letter, and
thus rotates the ratchet wheel one tooth, and causes the paper strip to be fed
sufficiently to leave a proper space between the letters.
The retarding device is shown in Fig. 3, Sheet 5, and is the same in principle as
that herein-before described and shown in Fig. 1, Sheet 1. H' is a lever, pivotted
at one end to the plate A¹, and to the other end having the pawl fattached, which

page_text: pawl engages with the toothed wheel i fixed on the same arbor with the serrated
wheel h, and rotating with this wheel l is the escapement, which retards the rotation
of this wheel, and p is the pendulum attached to this escapement. Upon the
lever H' is a projection a, which is struck by the teeth of the wheel N during the
rotation of the latter. And thus the lever H is kept down in the position shown in
dotted lines in Fig. 3, while the wheel H and type wheel are rotating the action of
the retarding device preventing it from being drawn up by the spring S attached to
the lever H. It is obvious that this lever H is the equivalent of the lovers a and e
in Fig. 1, Sheet 1.
b, c, are two arms upon the arbor opposite to each other, and d, e, are two stops
upon the lever H³, so arranged as shown, that when the lever H is in the position
shown in the dotted lines, the extremity of the arm b will rest against the stop e,
and the arbor will be prevented from rotating, but when the lever H' is drawn up
into the position shown in full lines on the stoppage of the rotation of the type
wheel, the arm b escapes from the stop e, and the arbor O rotates until the arm c is
caught by the stop d. By this partial rototion of the arbor, the toothed wheel P
connected therewith as described, rotates the distance of one tooth, and by the
engagement of said tooth with the end of the lever, the printing of a character upon
the type wheel is effected. M is the Siemens polarized magnet for effecting the
step-by-step rotation of the type wheel, and L' is the escapement.
Fig. 2, Sheet 1, is a plan view of a printing telegraph, containing the improve-
ments referred to under the second head.
Fig. 3, Sheet 1, is a perspective view of the same.
Fig. 4, Sheet 1, is a detached view of the unison device.
Fig. 1, Sheet 2, is a plan view of the magneto-electric generator and trans-
mitter.
Figs. 2 and 4, Sheet 2, are detached views of the commutator.
Fig. 3, Sheet 2, is a view of part of the transmitter.
Fig. 5, Sheet 2, is a diagram, showing the arrangement of the circuit in the
apparatus.
In these several Figures the same letters refer to the same parts.
The construction and operation of the electro-magnetic device for shifting the
printing pad will first be described, it being understood that this shifting device can
be applied to any form of printing telegraph, in which the type wheels are rotated
step by step by the action of alternate, positive, and negative currents, and in
which the action of the press is effected otherwise than by a magnet in the same
main line circuit as the type wheel magnet or inagnets.
Referring to Fig. 3, Sheet 1, H, H, is a framing supporting and enclosing the main
driving train, and the shifting magnets. A, A, 18 a framing placed upon the
framing H, H, and supporting and affording bearings for the type-wheel mechanism.
C is the type wheel arbor; O, the escapement wheel on said arbor; P, the escape-
ment attached to the polarized tongue P¹ of the Siemens polarized magnet M;
T, T, are the type wheels; O', the inking roller; S, the printing pad; and N, N¹,
the feeding rollers. The printing pad is supported on a frame R, which slides on
the shaft 8, connected by an arm N to the rock shaft S³, attached to the lever U1
to the armature L*, between two magnets M', M². This armature is pivotted to the
framing H, and when acted upon by either of the magnets M', M², will cause the
printing pad and paper to be shifted from one type wheel to the other by means of
the connections before referred to. Each of these magnets M³, M³, is placed in a
branch of the main circuit, as shown in the diagram, Fig. 5, Sheet 2, the connections
with either branch being made by the polarized tongue of the type wheel magnet,
according to the polarity of the current. While the type wheel is being rotated
under the influence of the alternate currents upon the polarized tongue, the oscilla-
tions of the tongue are so rapid that the contacts made with the branches 5 and 6
are not of sufficient duration to allow either of the magnets M', M², to become
energized, but when the rotation of the type wheel is arrested, the tongue will rest
upon one of the contacts, according to the polarity of the current transmitted, and

page_text: the magnet connected with said contact can then be energized by sending a prolonged
current of that polarity, and the press will be shifted. By sending a current in the
reverse direction, the polarized tongue of the type wheel magnet will make connec-
tion with the other branch. The other magnet will be energized, and the press will
be shifted in the other direction.
Instead of two magnets, as shown, a polarized magnet may be used, its armature
being moved from one side to the other, to effect the shifting of the press, according
to the polarity of the current. With this arrangement there will be but one branch
circuit, but there will be two contacts.
It may be desirable to shift the type wheels themselves instead of the press and
paper.
It is obvious that the same electro-magnetic device can be used for shifting the
press and paper as described.
The alternate positive and negative currents for rotating the type wheel may he
derived from a galvanic battery, or from a magneto-electric machine.
In case the former source of power is used, any of the well-known devices for
sending alternate currents and prolonging said currents may be used, but when the
magneto currents are used, I prefer to make use of the transmitter berein-after
described.
For the purpose of obtaining prolonged currents for operating the shifting device
from this transmitter, I use the device shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Sheet 2.
In these Figures A² is the revolving armature of the magneto-electric generator,
which armature, by its rotation, generates alternate currents in the well-known
manner.
Upon the axis of this armature, as shown in Figs. 2 and 4, Sheet 2, is placed a
cominutator of the well-known form, by which these alternate currents are converted
into a single current in the same direction.
Referring to Figs. 2 and 4, Sheet 2, 63 and 63 are the segments of the commutator
placed upon the axis of the armature, and d and d³ are the contact springs shown
in Fig. 1, Sheet 2. P2, P³, are keys connected with this commutator by the arrange-
ment of conducting wires shown in Fig. 1, Sheet 2, and Fig. 5, Sheet 2, so that the
polarity of the straight current taken from it can be reversed at will by closing
either of these keys.
Ench of these keys consists, as shown in Figs. 1 and 5 of Sheet 2, of a pair of
strips of metal h¹, h³, h³, and h', attached together, but insulated from each other,
and connected to opposite poles of the commutator.
When the keys P2 and P3 are depressed, they make contact with metallic
pieces p, pl, one connected to the line, and the other to the earth, one, 1, leading to
the line, and one, 2, to the earth, and these contact plates are also connected to the
arms m, n, of the transmitter by the contact springs o, o¹, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5,
Sheet 2.
The transmitter used with this instrument is of the same general form as that
used in the house printing telegraph, and is shown in plan view in Fig. 6, Sheet 2.
It consists of a cylinder of hard rubber rotating upon suitable bearings, and con-
nected by gearing with the rotating armature of the magneto-electric generator.
Upon this cylinder are a series of pins corresponding in number to that of the
characters upon the type wheel, and under the cylinder is arranged a series of
levers like the keys of a piano, each of which is marked with one of the characters
upon the type wheel. The end of these levers engage each with one of the pins
upon the rotating cylinder, when the other end of the lever is depressed by the
finger for the purpose of printing the character thereon, and thus cause the rotation
of the cylinder to be arrested at that time, and the arins m, n, attached to the
cylinder, and shown in Fig. 3 of Sheet 2, are caused by means of suitable mechanism
to break contact with the arms o¹, o', so that the current from the magneto-electric
generator will be short circuited.
I do not deem it necessary to describe this transmitter particularly, as it has
been in use for some time in connection with the telegraph instrument for which

page_text: the before-mentioned Letters Patent, No. 40, were granted to Bristow Hunt,
January 3, 1873, as a communication from E. Baker Welch and George Lee
Anders.
While the transmitter is in operation and the keys P2, P³, are not depressed,
alternate currents will pass to the line by way of the arms m, n, and contacts o, o¹,
but when the rotation of the transmitting cylinder is arrested by the depression of
one of the letter keys and the armature of the generator continued in rotation a
prolonged current of either polarity, according to the key depressed, may be
transmitted by the depression of one of the keys P³, Ps. If the key P² is depressed
the current will pass from the commutator spring d³, wire 4, strip h³, plate p,
wire 1, to line, thence through one of the magnets M1, M2, to earth, and thence
through wire 2 to plate p¹, strip h2, wire 3, and commutator spring d. If key P³
is closed the current will pass from the commutator spring ds by wire 4, strip h
plate p¹, wire 2, to earth, thence to line through one of the magnets M', M³, and
through the plate p, strip h¹, wire 3, to the commutator spring d³.
The mechanism shown in the Drawing for effecting the rotation of the type
wheel, and the movement of the press is similar to that herein-before described
under the first head, but, as before stated, any other mechanism can be used other
than that in which the action of the press is effected by a magnet in the same main
line circuit as the type wheel magnet.
The retarding device, which is shown in the Drawing for causing the action of
the press when the step-by-step rotation of the type wheel is arrested, is that
which has been herein-before described under the first head, but any other form of
retarding device may be used which permits the action of the press mechanism
when the step-by-step rotation of the type wheel is arrested.
The feeding mechanism for feeding the paper strip after making an impression
is shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, of Sheet 1. It consists of two rollers N, N¹, between
which the strip of paper is placed; the roller N is placed on the arbor of the
toothed wheel B', shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1, Sheet 1, which gears with the
wheel B³, so that the roller N¹ rotates a short distance after each impression.
The surface of the roller N' consists of alternate toothed surfaces and depressed
smooth surfaces. When the paper is being fed the rough surfaces are in contact
with the paper, but when the paper is shifted the surface of the roller is not in
contact with it.
The unison mechanism is shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, Sheet 1. It consists of a
tooth as on the escape wheel of the type wheel arbor, longer than the other teeth
of the wheel, and a lever W pivotted in the framing, and having attached to one
end a piece of soft iron, which forins a neutral armature for the type wheel magnet.
When the escape wheel rotates the long tooth will strikes against the end of the
lever W, and consequently the rotation of the type wheel will be arrested until a
stronger current than usual is sent through the type wheel magnet, when the
armature will be attracted and the tooth released. This stronger current can be
sent periodically at regular intervals by any suitable device arranged in connection
with the transmitter. This unison device instead of being operated by the type
wheel magnet may be operated by an independent magnet in the same circuit with
the type wheel magnet.
Fig. 1, Sheet 3, is a view in perspective of a printing telegraph containing the
improvements referred to under the third head, a portion of the framing of the
instrument being broken away; Fig. 2, Sheet 3, is a plan view of the same.
Fig. 3, Sheet 3, is a side view of the instrument partly in section showing the
printing magnet and retarding device.
Figs. 4, 5, and 6, Sheet 3, are views of the unison device.
In these several Figures the same letters refer to the same parts.
A is the framing of the instrument; C is the type wheel arbor, having upon it
type wheels T, T', one having letters, and the other having figures thereon; E is
the escapement wheel; F, the escapement; and M, an electro-magnet for operating
this escapement,

page_text: The clockwork for imparting a tendency to rotate to the type wheel arbor is not
shown, and F may represent propelling pawls, which act directly on the type
wheel to rotate it, as is usual in certain forms of telegraph apparatus. P is the
printing pad, which is attached to a frame having a transverse horizontal move-
ment from one type wheel to the other.
I can use any suitable device for moving the printing pad to effect an impression,
or I can use the device herein-after described. M' is a polarized electro-magnet
placed in the current passing through the type wheel magnet, and has its polarized
armature L¹ provided with an extension U, which is connected to the frame of the
printing pad by the bar W¹.
It will be obvious that on reversing the polarity of the current traversing the
electro-magnets M and M', the armature L' of the polarized magnet M³ will move
from one pole to the other of the magnet, and that consequently the printing pad
will be shifted from one type wheel to the other on said reversal of the current.
Instead of a polarized magnet two electro-magnets acting on the same armature
may be made use of, and instead of the printing pad being shifted, the type wheels
may be shifted and the printing pad remain stationary.
The unison device is constructed as follows:-A part of the type wheel arbor
near its end has a screw thread cut upon it at a, and near the screw thread is
placed a pin b.
The end of the lever C¹, pivotted at B on the frame, and having a hook e at its
extremity, bears upon the screw when the printing pad is under the type wheel
upon which figures are placed, and when in that position, upon the rotation of the
type wheel arbor, will be moved along by the action of the screw until the hook e
strikes the unison pin b, when the rotation of the type wheels will be arrested, but
when the printing pad is shifted under the letter wheel a projection upon the bar W
strikes against the lever C, and throws up the lever c¹ out of engagement with the
screw thread, thus permitting the type wheel arbor to be rotated without effecting
the unison as long as the printing pad is under the letter wheel.
In printing telegraphs of this class, which are principally used for printing stock
and market quotations, letters and figures are alternately printed, and consequently
the action of this unison arrangement will be to bring the type wheels to unison
after the figuro wheel has made two or three complete rotations, but to cause the
release of the unison pin every time that the pad is shifted to print a letter.
In operating an instrument of this class the letter wheel is most always used
before the figure wheel has made a complete rotation, and therefore printing may
be kept up for any length of time until the type wheels get out of unison when the
type wheels can be brought to unison by rotating the figure wheel once or twice
without shifting the printing pad. It is obvious that this screw can be attached to
any arbor connected with the type wheel arbor.
For effecting the printing, I propose to use a magnet in connection with a
retarding device, which will prevent the printing pad from being brought against
the type wheel until the succession of currents through the type wheel magnet is
interrupted, when sufficient time will be afforded to enable the magnet to attract its
armature.
I can use any suitable retarding device in combination with the printing magnet,
but I prefer to use the device shown, which is similar in the principle of its con-
struction to that previously described under the first head.
Ms is the printing magnet, which is placed in the circuit passing through the
type wheel magnet; E is the armature of this printing magnet, which arma-
ture is pivotted to the frame at F; and H is a lever connected to the pawl f,
which engages with the toothed wheel upon the axis of the serrated wheel h. p is
the pendulum, and the escapement which retards the movement of the wheel.
By the action of this retarding device the armature is prevented from completing its
full movement unless the step-by-step movement of the type wheel is arrested, and
a prolonged current is transmitted through the magnet, when the printing pad P

page_text: attached to the lever R will be brought against the type wheel, for the reason that
time is afforded for the armature to be attracted.
Printing telegraphs have been constructed in which the printing magnet does not
become sufficiently energized to attract the armature and move the press until a
prolonged current is transmitted through said magnet, but it will be obvious that
this is different from mechanically retarding the movement of the armature of the
printing magnet.
This form of printing magnet may be applied to any form of printing telegraph
having a polarized type wheel magnet as well as to the printing telegraph which
has just been described, in which the type wheel magnet is operated by interruptions
instead of by reversals of the currents.
The lever H is connected by a pin to the bar R, to which the printing pad P is
attached, and when the current through the printing magnet is sufficiently prolonged
to permit the retarding device to allow the armature of said magnet to be fully
attracted the pad strikes against the type wheel.
Fig. 1, Sheet 4, is an end view, partly in elevation and partly in section, of a
printing telegraph instrument containing the improvements referred to under the
fourth head.
Fig. 2, Sheet 4, is a side view, partly in elevation and partly in section, of the
same instrument, a portion of the press magnet being shown as broken away.
Fig. 3, Sheet 4, is a perspective view of the arrangement of devices for rotating
and releasing the type wheel.
Fig. 4, Sheet 4, is a longitudinal view of the type wheel shaft.
Fig. 5, Sheet 4, is an end view of the type wheel magnet and its polarized
tongue.
Fig. 6, Sheet 4, is a view of the polarized tongue and the armature of the type
wheel magnet.
Fig. 7, Sheet 4, is a detached view of the unison device.
In these several Figures the same letters refer to the same parts
A is a suitable metallic casing enclosing and supporting the type wheel and
printing magnets; and B; B, are two suitable metallic parallel standards attached
to the top of the casing A, and affording bearings for the type wheel arbor and the
arbors of the other parts of the instrument. M is an ordinary electro-magnet; and
C is its soft iron armature, which is pivotted upon a shaft D¹ supported in the
casing A. H is a permanently magnetized tongue lying between the poles of the
magnet M, as shown in Fig. 5, and pivotted to an arm E attached to the armature
lever. It is so attached in order that it may move with the armature. This tongue
I entitle the "director."
Attached to this polarized tongue, and lying between it and the soft iron arma-
ture C, is a bent piece of brass or other suitable metal, the function of which will be
herein-after stated.
P is an arbor supporting the type wheels, and having its bearing in the standards
B, B; and K, K', are the type wheels, one having letters upon it, and the other
figures. These type wheels are each fixed to a sleeve which rotates freely and
independently upon the shaft P. Connected with each type wheel, and fixed to the
same sleeve, is a ratchet wheel N, a toothed wheel h, a pinion O, and a disc h'.
The ratchet wheel N is acted upon by the propelling pawl T, to cause the
rotation of the type wheel, and the pawl u prevents the type wheel from rotating
backwards.
The propelling pawl T is attached to a lever I fixed upon the sleeve D* upon the
shaft D¹. Also attached to this sleeve is an arm G, which extends downwards, so
that its extremity lies between the soft iron armature C and the magnet M. T' is
à stop for arresting the movement of the propelling pawl.
The mechanism for rotating each type wheel is a duplicate of the other, and the
arms G, G', lie side by side, so that the foot F will be opposite one or the other of
these arins, according to the position of the polarized tongue or director, to which

page_text: the foot F is attached, and when the armature C is attracted by the electro-
magnet M, this foot F will strike against that one of the arms G, G¹, to which it is
opposed, and cause the vibration of the lever I and pawl T, and the rotation of the
type wheel operated thereby.
At the extremity of the lever I is a point a which engages with the locking
wheel h when the lever I and propelling pawl are brought against the wheel N and
prevents the said wheel from moving more than the distance of a single tooth. A
retracting spring S¹ is attached to the lever I, and the armature is also provided
with a retracting spring S³.
The position of the polarized tongue depends upon the polarity of the current,
and thus either type wheel can be rotated at will. The pinion O rotating with each
type wheel gears with a toothed segment R on the standard, and to this arm is
attached a retracting spring. When the type wheel is rotated the pinion O engages
with the segmental rack R and draws it downward so as to stretch the spring S,
while the pawl u by engaging with the ratchet wheel N prevents the type wheel
from being drawn back; but on the disengagement of the pawl from the ratchet
wheel N the retracting force of the spring S will cause the type wheel to rotate
backwards at one bound until the notch upon the small disc n' strikes the end of
an arm O' which rests upon its periphery. This notch is so situated that when
the rotation of the type wheel is arrested it stops at the zero or unison point.
The holding pawl u of each type wheel is disengaged from its corresponding
ratchet wheel N by the movement of the propelling pawl of the other type wheel,
and thus as soon as the rotation of one type wheel is commenced the other type
wheel will be released and will return to the unison point, and remain there until
the rotation of the other type wheel has ceased.
All the type wheels on a series of instruments start always from the zero or
unison point, and thus two or more instruments are kept in unison.
This disengagement of the holding pawls is effected by the herein-after described
device. This is constructed as follows:-b, 61, are two rock shafts properly supported
upon the frame A, to which shafts the holding pawla u, u, are respectively attached.
To each of these rock shafts is also attached a horizontal arm W having one end
bevelled off and resting upon a pin x upon the lever I. When either of these
levers are moved for the purpose of rotating its type wheel the pin x will strike
against the bevelled end of the arm W and cause the oscillation of the rock shaft
attached thereto, and the consequent release of the holding pawl from the ratchet
upon the axis of the other type wheel.
In connection with the printing mechanism of this instrument I use a device for
retarding the movement of the printing pad so that it does not move far enough to
effect an impression, except when a prolonged current is transmitted through the
printing magnet. M¹ is the printing magnet, and N¹ its armature attached to a
rock shaft B¹ properly supported on the frame A. Attached to this shaft is an
arm A¹ terminating in a segmental rack of which gears with a pinion e turning on a
suitable bearing on the side of the frame A. Upon the axis of this wheel, and
connected with it by means of the pawl i, is a serrated wheel N; and bearing
against the teeth of this serrated wheel is a pendulous escapement / which oscillates
when the wheel rotates in one direction, but owing to being a pendulum can
oscillate only at a certain definite rate, and therefore will retard the rotation of the
serrated wheel and the movement of the armature N¹ of the magnet M¹. C₁ is the
armature lever, the end of which engages with a ratchet wheel K upon the axis of
the printing pad P2, which pad is mounted upon a swinging arm attached to a rock
shaft B properly supported between the standards B, B.
The movement of the armature causes the printing pad to be thrown up against
the type wheels by the engagement of one end of the arm C' with one of the teeth
of the ratchet wheel K³, but the printing pad will not be moved sufficiently to effect
an impression unless the armature is brought against the poles of the printing
magnet M², and owing to the action of the retarding device this movement of the

page_text: armature will not be fully accomplished unless the current through the printing
magnet is continued a sufficiently long time to allow of the action of the retarding
device to be overcome.
When the printing pad is thrown up against the type wheel the latter is also
rotated one tooth by the action of the arm C₁ upon the ratchet wheel K³, and the
paper strip is fed by the action upon said strip of paper of the finely notched
wheels L upon the axis of the printing pad.
I is the inking roller, and B is the support for the roll of paper, both of which
are attached to the standards B, B, and are of the usual construction.
In the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1, Sheet 6, represents a side view in elevation
of a printing telegraph instrument containing the improvements referred to under
the fifth head, a part of one of the side plates being shown as broken away.
Fig. 2, Sheet 6, is an end view in elevation of the same; Fig. 3, Sheet 6, is a side
view in section of the same; and Fig. 4, Sheet 6, is a plan view of the same on
the line y, y, Fig. 3, Sheet 6.
In the several Figures the same letters refer to the same parts.
A is the base plate of the instrument, B is another plate supported by the
pillars C, C¹, above the base plate; and D, D¹, are two parallel side plates attached
to the plate B, which side plates afford bearings for the type-wheel arbor, the arbor
of the feeding device, the printing pads, and the retarding device. E is an electro-
magnet properly supported under the plate B; and F is the armature of this
électro-magnet, which armature is attached to a lever G. This lever is pivotted at
its lower end at H to a support attached to the base plate, extends up through the
plate B, and carries on its upper extremity suitable pawls a, b, which engage with a
suitable ratchet on the type wheel arbor, and thereby cause the rotation of the type
wheels to be effected by the oscillations of the lever G. c is a pawl which prevents
the ratchet wheel from slipping backwards, and a suitable retracting spring S is
attached to the lever G.
Instead of rotating the type wheel in this manner it may be rotated either step
by step or continuously by any suitable mechanism.
O is the type-wheel arbor and K, K¹, are the type wheels fixed on the same.
These type wheels are placed side by side, and one may be used for printing letters
and the other for printing figures. L, L', are the inking rollers, which are supported
above the type wheels by an arm M attached to a support N, extending from one of
the side plates. O is a suitable arbor connecting the side plates, and upon this
arbor are independently sleeved two levers P, P', side by side, and which extend
under the type wheels and carry the printing pads R, R'. On the arbor O, between
the sleeves of the levers P, P¹, is sleeved an arm which carries a roller T,
and above this roller T is a toothed wheel U rotating upon an arbor W attached to
the plate D. A spring d under and attached to the arm acts to keep the roller T
in contact with the toothed wheel U. The paper strip is fed between the roller T
and the toothed wheel U.
E' is another electro-magnet, also supported on the base plate A, and in the same
circuit with the magnet E, and F¹ is the armature of this magnet, which is attached
to a brass lever X fixed at right angles to an arbor Y, having its bearings in the
side plates D, D'. Upon this lever is pivotted at a the polarized lever B', which
lever I call a director. One end of this director extends under the printing pads
and the other is bent over and under the armature F, and lies between the poles of
the electro-magnet E¹.
I adopt this form for convenience, but I do not confine myself to this form, and
any arrangement may be adopted which will ensure one extremity of the director
acting upon the printing pads either mediately or immediately, and the other
end lying between the poles of the magnet E¹.
Attached to the inner side of the levers P, P', are two pins c¹, c³, one on each
lever, opposite to each other, and having their extremities at such a distance from
each other that when the director B₁ is moved from one side to the other it will
come under one or the other of these pins.

page_text: The printing magnet of this instrument is prevented from effecting an impression
except when a prolonged current is transmitted through the said printing
magnet E by a retarding device similar to that which I have described in another
part of this Specification. This device consists of a lever D attached to the
arbor Y, and carrying a ratchet f which engages with a pinion e fixed to the
toothed wheel i, which wheel i is connected by the pawl i¹ to the serrated wheel n,
properly supported upon an arbor attached to the side plate D, the rotation of
which wheel is retarded by the escapement 1 attached to the pendulum p. A
retracting spring S₁ is attached to the lever D³, and also a pawl R which engages
with a ratchet wheel T on the arbor of the toothed wheel U.
In place of the retarding device which I have described I can use any other form
of retarding device for preventing the armature of the printing magnet from being
fully attracted except when a current of longer duration than that necessary for
moving the type wheel is transmitted; or the printing magnet may be made as has
been done in printing telegraphs, of such a form that it will not have sufficient
power to move the armature, except when a current of longer duration than is
required for effecting the rotation of the type wheel is transmitted through it. In
fact, any suitable device which will become operative when the exciting current is
prolonged for a longer time than is required to rotate the type wheel may be used.
The unison device consists of an arm m which is pivotted to a suitable support
on the plate B, and is so shaped that one end lies against the director B₁. A
spring acts on the arm m to keep its extremity in contact with the director B¹,
so that the arm follows the movement of the director from side to side. Upon
this arm m is a pin or projection n which forms a stop to an arm o attached to the
type-wheel arbor or its equivalent.
The operation of this printing telegraph is as follows:-The type wheel is rotated
in the usual manner by a series of interruptions in the exciting current until the
character of the type wheel which it is desired to print is over the printing pad.
By then prolonging the current the armature F' of the printing magnet E¹, which
armature has been prevented by the retarding device, while the type wheel was
being rotated, from moving sufficiently to effect the printing, will be fully attracted,
and the director B¹ will force the printing pad under which the said director is placed
according to the polarity of the current against the corresponding type wheel.
If it is desired to print from the other type wheel the polarity of the current
must be reversed, the bent end of the director B¹ will then be attracted to the
other pole of the magnet E', and the other end of the director will be moved under
the pin upon the other printing pad so as to be ready to act upon the said printing
pad.
When the type wheel is being rotated by currents of one polarity of shorter
duration than is necessary for printing, the end of the director BI will be under the
pin c, as shown in full lines in Fig. 4. The pin or projection n on the unison
lever m will be thrown out of the path of the unison arm o on the type-wheel arbor,
the type wheel will be free to rotate as long as currents of this polarity are transmitted,
and an impression may be taken from any character by prolonging the current.
When currents of opposite polarity are transmitted, the director B¹ will be thrown
under the pin c¹, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 4, the pin or projection n on the
unison lever m will be brought into the path of the unison arm o on the type-
wheel arbor, and the type wheels on being rotated will be arrested at the unison
point if it is desired to ensure a unison, but in order to avoid the arrest of the type
wheels at this point, a current of opposite polarity is transmitted at the time that
the end of the unison arm would strike the pin or projection on the unison lever,
the director and the unison lever are thrown over to the opposite side, and the type
wheels are allowed to pass, after which the director and unison lever resume their
former position.
.
The unison arm is always so placed on the type-wheel arbor as to engage with
the projection upon the unison lever when the spaces on both type wheels are
presented to the printing pads, and thus the transmission of an opposite current

page_text: for moving the unison lever does not interfere with the printing of any of the
characters.
It will be seen that the printing of a character from either of the two type wheels
can be effected in any position of their rotation by simply changing the polarity of
the current.
Instead of arranging the polarized director so as to be operated by the printing
magnet, it may be operated by the type-wheel magnet, or by an independent
magnet.
Fig. 4, Sheet 5, is a perspective view of a printing telegraph instrument con-
taining the improvements referred to under the sixth head; and Figs. 5, Sheet 5, is
a plan view of the same.
In these Figures the same letters refer to the same parts.
In this instrument the same form of type-wheel magnets is used as is used in the
instrument described in the Patent before referred to, and the printing mechanism
is caused to operate when a pause occurs in the succession of currents through the
type wheel by the combination of a retarding device with an escapement as herein-
before described, but instead of the form of retarding device herein-before described
and referred to under the first head in this Specification a retarding device is used,
which consists of a toothed wheel rotated at an uniform rate by the motor
actuating the type wheel, but at a slower rate than that of the type wheel.
Referring to the Drawing, A is a plate of metal supported upon pillars B, B,
above a suitable base board, which plate supports the type wheel and press
mechanism; C is a permanent horse-shoe magnet under the plate A supported by
the base board, and just over the poles of this magnet is a pair of coils, D, D,
which are rotated by any suitable motor, and by said rotation generate the currents
of magneto-electricity which effect the step by step release of the type wheel.
This form of magneto-electric generator is well known, and any other suitable form
of magneto-electric generator may be used for producing the magneto-electric
currents; E is the arbor of these rotating coils, which coils serve as the armature
of the generator, and this arbor is enclosed in a sleeve F, and extends through the
plate A. Upon this arbor above the plate is a gear wheel G, fixed to said
arbor. This gear wheel engage with a smaller gear wheel n, attached to a sleeve
on one arm of the U shaped rod M, secured to the plate A perpendicularly to it.
Attached to this sleeve by friction is a spiral spring O, which surrounds the rod M,
to which sleeve is fixed the type wheel P, a toothed wheel R, and the escape wheel S.
This escape wheel in connection with an escapement O, vibrated by the polarised
magnet K, K, causes the type wheel to have a step-by-step movement, while by the
connection made with the type wheel and its motor by the spiral spring Ŏ the
escapement is enabled to hold the type wheel without arresting the movement of its
motor; H is a small ratchet wheel rigidly fixed upon the arbor E, above the wheel G,
and rotates with it at a slower rate than that of the wheel R and type wheel.
Sleeved upon a standard W, fixed upon the plate A, is an arm Y, one end of which
engages with the teeth of the wheel and the other carries the U shaped escape-
ment L.
By the engagement of the teeth of the wheel R with the end of the arm Y
upon the rotation of the said wheel, the said arm as each tooth passes its end
is suddenly moved from its normal position against the force of a spring S
attached to the said arm and to the plate A, but the return movement of the
arm G, caused by the spring S, as each tooth of the wheel R escapes from the
end of the arm is so retarded by the engagement of a spring pawl B, attached
to the arm Y, with the slow moving ratchet wheel H, that the arm Y has not time
to return to its normal position while the wheel R is rotating before its end is.
struck by the next succeeding tooth of the wheel R.
T¹ is a standard fixed upon the plate A carrying a sleeve, and fixed to said sleeve
is a cross piece V, the arms c, c', of which engage with the ends b, 61, of the arms of
the U shaped escapement L, which arms have ends of booked form. Upon the sleeve
which carries the cross piece is fixed a small pinion U, which engages with a gear

page_text: wheel I attached to the arbor E by friction, and a coiled spring S enclosed within
the cylinder L. Upon this gear wheel are pins a, a, a, which engage with the extre-
mity of the arm D₁, sleeved upon a standard C¹ fixed upon the plate A. The arm D'
carries the printing roller F, and a suitable spring E' for holding the paper strip
against the roller; this printing roller rotates upon a suitable arbor, and fixed to the
roller is the ratchet wheel G¹. h is a pawl attached to the standard W, which pawl
at each reciprocation of the arm D' engages with the ratchet wheel G', and rotates
it the distance of one tooth. The printing roller to which said ratchet wheel is
attached consequently rotates correspondingly, and a feed of the paper strip a proper
distance after each impression is thus effected. The arm h is retracted after each
impression by a suitable spring S³.
K, K, is the type-wheel magnet, of the form known as the Siemens polarized
magnet, and L¹ is its polarized armature, which is made of a bifurcated form. The
armature is attached to a shaft which is stepped into the permanent magnet n', and
extends through the plate A. The escapement O' is attached to this shaft M'.
The operation of the above-described mechanism is as follows:--On the rotation
of the armature of the magneto-electric generator and of the gear wheel G, a ten-
dency to rotate is imparted by means of the small gear wheel n and spiral spring O
to the type wheel P, toothed wheel R, and escape wheel S, and consequently on the
vibration of the escapement O' caused by the action upon the type-wheel magnet
of the alternate currents produced by the generator, the said type wheel and toothed
wheel R rotates step by step, the teeth of the wheel R strike successively against
the end of the arm Y, and move it against the retracting force of the spring S
attached thereto; but for the reason that the ratchet wheel H, with which a spring
pawl B attached to the arm Y engages, rotates more slowly than the toothed wheel
R, there is not time for the arm Y to return to its normal position before its extre-
mity is again struck by the next succeeding tooth of the wheel R. The U shaped
escapement L, which is carried by the arm Y, is thus kept in such a position against
the force of the spring S¹ that the hook b¹ engages with the arm c of the cross piece
V, and holds said arm, so as to prevent the rotation of the gear wheel I. When
however it is desired to print, the succession of currents through the type-wheel
magnet is interrupted by short circuiting or otherwise without arresting the move-
ment of the motor of the magneto-electric generator, and the escapement O¹ holds
the type wheel and wheel R without preventing the rotation of the arbor E, owing
to the frictional elastic connection. The spring is now able to retract the arm Y
and escapement L, the hook 61 is withdrawn from the arm c, and the wheel I being
free to turn with the arbor E at once commences to rotate, until its further rotation
is arrested by the engagement of the hook b of the escapement L with the arms c of
the cross piece V. This rotation is however sufficient, by the engagement of one
of the pins a, a, a, with the end of the arm D¹, to effect the movement of said
arm and the printing roller carried thereby, and the consequent impression of a
letter; at the same time the engagement of the pawl h with the ratchet wheel G¹
on the movement of the arm D effects a proper feed of the paper strip by the rota-
tion of the printing roller.
-
Instead of the herein-described arrangement of gearing for effecting the rotation
of the type wheel, and for actuating the printing mechanism by the motor of the
generator of the magneto-electric currents releasing the type wheel, other
arrangements for accomplishing their result may be adopted without departing
from the principle of my Invention, as it will be obvious to those skilled in the
art to which the Invention appertains that this principle may be carried into effect
in many different ways.
The escapement mechanism used in connection with the retarding device for
preventing the action of the printing mechanism, except when the rotation of the
type wheel ceases also, admits of modification, and I may use other mechanism than
that described for accomplishing this result.
I also may use other devices than those described for effecting the movement of
the arm carrying the printing roller, I therefore do not confine myself to the use of

page_text: the particular devices and arrangement herein described for carrying my Invention
into effect.
The vibrating armature of the Simens polarized magnet used as the type wheel
magnet is of such form that it will have two extremities of the same polarity, each
of which is influenced by only one pole of the electro-magnet, and important
results are obtained by this form, which will now be stated.
When the armature is of the usual form, and is resting against one pole of the
magnet K, K, a change in the polarity of the current often causes magnetism of
opposite polarity to be induced in the extremity of the vibrating armature, which
will cause it to continue attracted instead of being repelled, as should be the result,
but if the armature is bifurcated substantially as shown, and one of the arms is
resting against one of the poles of the magnet, the influence of the magnetism
induced in the said arm upon a change in the polarity of the current will not
prevent the other arm from being attracted by the other pole of the magnet, and
consequently if the armature is of this form it will vibrate promptly in response to
the change in the polarity of the current.
An armature of this bifurcated form is applicable to a Siemens polarized magnet
when used otherwise than in printing telegraphs.
In Fig. 2, Sheet 5, is shown a unison device, which can be appled to any printing
telegraph having a rotary type wheel. In consists of a snail wheel a¹ on the type-
wheel arbor, shown in dotted lines in Fig. 2, and a lever B¹ pivotted on the frame,
the end of which lever bears on the snail, and is raised up when the type wheel
is rotated for printing, but if the type wheel gets out of unison it can be turned in
the other direction by hand, when the projecting part a of the snail wheel will.
strike the end of the lever B¹, and arrest the type wheel at the unison point.
Fig. 6, Sheet 2, represents a plan view of transmitter containing the first
improvement referred to under the seventh head, a portion of the keyboard
being shown as broken away; and Fig. 7, Sheet 2, is a sectional view through one
of the keys.
In the Figures the same letters refer to the same part.
A, A, are the permanent magnets of the generator of the magneto-electric
currents, and B is its rotating Siemens armature, which can be rotated by any
suitable power.
The shaft C of this rotating armature is connected by suitable
gearing D with the rotating cylinder E, which rotates above the ranges of finger
keys F, and has a series of pins upon it arranged in a spiral, as before stated. The
keys are in metallic connection with each other, and as shown in Fig. 7, are
connected with the generator by a wire 1, and with a resistance coil G connected
in the circuit by a branch wire 2 connected to the cylinder E, the pins of which
rotating cylinder are metallically connected to each other, and to the line. Upon
the end of each is a spring F, which when any key is depressed comes in contact
with the corresponding key on the rotating cylinder, thereby arresting the rotation
of the cylinder, and at the same time, cutting out the resistance coil, so that a
strengthened current is transmitted.
Fig. 8, Sheet 2, is a plan view of a transmitter and its connections, containing
the second improvement referred to under the seventh head; A is the rotating
Siemens armature of the magneto-generator, and B is the rotating cylinder
connected therewith.. Upon the shaft of the armature is a commutator C, by means
of which the alternate positive and negative currents produced by the generator
are converted into a current of one polarity; and D is a make-and-break wheel on
the rotating cylinder, which make-and-break wheel is connected in the circuit, and
causes a succession of intermittent currents to be transmitted to the line when
the cylinder rotates; E is a switch for reversing the polarity of the current.
Fig. 1, Sheet 8, is a front view of a transmitter containing the third improvement
referred to under the seventh head.
Fig. 2, Sheet 8, is a plan view of the under side of said instrument.
Fig. 3, Sheet 8, is a side view of the same in section through the line x, x, Fig. 1,

page_text: Fig. 4, Sheet 8, is a detail view in perspective of some of the key levers, a portion
of the plate of the keyboard being shown as broken away.
In these several Figures the same letters refer to the same parts.
The printing telegraph which is operated by this transmitting instrument is
attached to the transmitter, as shown in the Drawing, so that a complète printing
telegraph instrument is produced, consisting of two parts, viz., a transmitter and a
receiver.
The receiver part is that described under the first head, and shown in Fig. 1,
Sheet 5.
A is the casing of the transmitter; B is the permanent magnet of the magneto-
generator; and C is the rotating Siemens armature rotating between the poles of
the permanent magnet, but on an axis parallel with this magnet instead of at right
angles to this magnet as these generators are usually constructed. D, D¹, are
suitable gear wheels rotated by a handle E for rotating this armature and the
cylinder A of the transmitter. This cylinder properly supported in the casing A
is shown at F, and is constructed as herein-before explained, and is provided with
the mechanism, also herein-before explained, and shown in Fig. 3, Sheet 2, and so
connected with the generator that when the rotation of the cylinder is arrested by
the depression of a letter key the current from the generator will be short circuited.
G, G, G, are a series of levers corresponding in number to the characters upon the
type wheel, which levers are attached by corresponding springs H, H, to the back
plate of the casing A. Upon the top plate of the casing A are a series of pins I, I,
each marked with a letter of the alphabet and sliding in proper supports K, K.
These pins are arranged in three rows, and each is attached to a corresponding
lever G. Upon each lever is a pin M, which, when said lever is depressed by its
corresponding key, engages with one of the series of pins on the cylinder, and
arrests the rotation of the cylinder when said pin, on the rotation of the cylinder,
comes under the depressed lever.
The ends of the levers G, G, are bevelled off, as shown in Fig. 3 and 4, Sheet 8,
and when the levers are not depressed these ends rest against a bar M' attached to
a rock shaft O pivotted in the casing; but when a key is depressed, as shown at a
in Fig. 4, the bar is forced forward by the end of the key so as to allow it to pass,
but is immediately brought over the end of the key by the action of a spring S
attached to the bar, and holds the key depressed until another key is depressed and
the corresponding bar depressed, when the depressed key will be released; thus the
depression of one key is made to release any other key or keys which may have
been depressed, and the operation of the transmitting instrument is made very
simple and easy. A¹ is the receiving instrument supported upon brackets B¹, B,
attached to the casing of the transmitter.
Fig. 1, Sheet 7, is a front view in elevation of a printing telegraph instrument
containing the improvements referred to under the eight head; Fig. 2, Sheet 7, is
a back view of the same; Fig. 3, Sheet 7, is a sectional view of the same through
the line x, x, Fig. 1; and Fig. 4, Sheet 7, is a plan view of the under side of the
keyboard showing the connections with the keys.
In these several Figures the same letters refer to the same parts.
This improvement is applicable to any form of printing telegraph in which the
type wheel is rotated step by step by the action of an electro-magnet operated by
interruptions in an electric current, and the printing is automatically effected in any
suitable manner when the step-by-step movement of the type wheel is arrested;
but for convenience of description I have shown the improvement applied to a
printing telegraph instrument similar to that described under the first head in
which the type-wheel mechanism and the printing mechanism are connected by an
epicyclic gearing, and operated by the same main driving train; and the action of
the printing mechanism is controlled by a retarding device which prevents the
printing from being effected unless the step-by-step rotation of the type-wheel is
arrested. A is a suitablo casing containing the type-wheel mechanism and printing
mechanism; B is the type wheel; C, the escapement wheel on the type-wheel

page_text: arbor; and D, the escapement, by means of which the step-by-step rotation of the
type wheel is effected, which escapement is attached to a lever E pivotted at F, as
shown in Fig. 3, and attached to the armature of an electro-magnet G suitably
supported on the casing A. H is a disc composed of a series of metallic segments a, a,
corresponding in number to the characters upon the type wheel, and each insulated
from the other. The type-wheel arbor passes through this disc, and is suitably
insulated therefrom; and attached to this arbor is a metallic arm I so constructed
that as the arbor rotates the extremity of the arm will make contact successively
with the segments of the disc. One pole of the electro-magnet is in electrical
connection with this arm and the other with the battery.
The construction of the keyboard is shown in Figs. 1, 3, and 4. It consists of a
series of levers K, K, arranged side by side like the keys of a piano, and each
pivotted at one end on the frame at L, so as to be capable of a slight vertical
movement. Under each of these levers is a pin M, and against each of these pins
bears a flat spring n, one for each key.
:
Two flat strips of metal N, N, slightly overlapping each other, and separated but
not insulated from each other, are suitably secured under the frame transversely,
and are so placed that the ends of the springs of one series rest against one of the
strips N, and is separated from the strip whenever a key is depressed; and the
ends of the other series of springs is just over the other strip, and is brought in
contact with it whenever one of the keys of that series is depressed. The
springs N, N, are connected in the circuit and the segments of the disc H are
alternately connected by the wires 1 and 2 to one or the other of the strips N, N.
The operation of this apparatus is as follows:-Supposing the armature of the
electro-magnet G to be withdrawn from the poles of said electro-magnet, as shown
in Fig. 2, Sheet 7, and the extremity of the arm I, as shown in the same Figure, to
be on one of the segments of the disc H, which is connected with one of the outer
series of keys whicir, when depressed, make the circuit; then on closing the circuit
by a suitable key the armature of the electro-magnet G will be attracted; by the
movement of the escapement lever attached thereto one tooth of the escape wheel
on the type-wheel arbor will be permitted to escape and by the rotation of the
arbor the arm I will be carried on to the next segment of the disc H, which
segment is connected with one of the series of springs n¹, each of which, when
depressed by its corresponding key, closes the circuit. The circuit is now broken,
the retracting spring S withdraws the armature of the magnet G, and by the
corresponding movement of the escapement lever another tooth of the escape wheel
is permitted to escape, and the arm I passes on to the next segment of the disc H
when the circuit is closed and the armature of the electro-magnet is again attracted.
In this manner a continued step-by-step movement is automatically imparted to
the type wheel.
If it is desired to print a letter the key corresponding thereto is depressed, and
when the arm I reaches that segment on the disc which is connected to the depressed
key the rotation of the type wheel is arrested for the reason that the circuit remains
either closed or open, according to the key depressed, and time is afforded for the
press mechanism to effect the impression of the desired letter.
Fig. 1, Sheet 9, represents a side elevation of a switch apparatus embodying my
improvement referred to under the ninth head.
Fig. 2, Sheet 9, represents a front view of the same.
Fig. 3, Sheet 9, represents a horizontal section on line x, x, Fig. 1, looking
downward.
Fig. 4, Sheet 9, represents a transverse vertical section on line y, y, Fig. 1, looking
towards the front.
Fig. 5, Sheet 9, represents a modification.
Fig. 6, 7, and 8, Sheet 9, are diagrams representing different modes of utilizing
my Invention.
Similar letters of reference refer to like parts in all the Figures,

page_text: A is a plate, on which is rigidly fixed but electrically insulated therefrom, a
Buitable number of contact points or plates B, arranged in a circular series.
The points B are preferably segments of any desired length cut from a flat
annular plate or ring attached to an insulating plate C, and said points are arranged
around a shaft or arbor carrying a contact arm D, which when rotated makes and
breaks contact successively with the contact points.
This arrangement may be regarded as an ordinary telegraph switch of small
proportions, but the arm D, instead of being rotated directly by the hand of an
operator, as heretofore, is operated electro-mechanically from any point in the tele-
graph line, as will be described.
The arbor of the contact arm is provided with a ratchet wheel I, which is located
on the opposite side of the plate A, said arbor revolving freely in a sleeve J, rigidly
fixed in the plate A.
The ratchet wheel has as many teeth as there are positions of contact on the
series of contact points.
In the Drawings I show an electrical switch. having twenty positions, but the
ring from the which the contact points are cut is divided into four parts, three of
which are insulated each from the others, the remainder of the ring being undivided
and forming a single contact.
The contact arm D, its arbor and ratchet wheel, receive a step-by-step movement
from an electro-magnet acting on a lever carrying a suitable pawl which engages
the teeth of the ratchet..
I
There are many means of accomplishing the movement of this contact arm.
prefer to use as the most simple and effective means an electro-magnet having a
duplex action.
M is an ordinary electro-magnet having two armatures N, P, arranged in a vertical
position with its poles T downward, and having lateral poles T¹, T
The armature N is neutral, and is attached to a lever N', which is pivotted at F.
On the upper side of the lever N¹ and between the extremities thereof is pivoted
the armature P, which is polarized, one of its extremities being between the lateral
poles T of the electro-magnet, which gives thereto a lateral movement in one
direction or the other, according to the direction of the exciting current.
The mechanism described rotates the contact arm step by step when the electro-
magnet is excited by a succession of electric currents of one polarity, as will be
readily seen, the armature lever N' vibrating vertically with the polarized armaturo,
which imparts motion to the lever G, the latter rotating the ratchet I through the
pawl H.
The object of this polarized armature is to give a duplex or primary and
secondary action to the neutral armature for the purpose which I will now
describe.
In a switch or a series of switches adapted to be operated from a distant point
it is necessary that each switch should be moved to a predetermined or normal
point in its rotation, and then automatically stopped in such manner that a special
and distinct operation will be required to start it again, so that the operator will be
able to start the contact arm of the switch from a normal point whenever it is
desired to set the switch, thus enabling the switch to be set with certainty and
accuracy, and rendering it possible to correct any switch in the circuit that becomes
accidentally disarranged.
This automatic stoppage of the switch is preferably effected by the armature P
in connection with a downward projection R on the lever G, and a tooth a longer
than the others on the ratchet I, as I will now describe.
The above-described step-by-step rotation of the contact arm is effected by exciting
the electro-magnet with currents of such polarity that the polarized armature will
be removed from under the projection R of lever G, as shown in full lines in Fig. 4;
hence the movement given by the armature P to the lever G will be less than if
said armature were under said projection, the movement being just sufficient to

page_text: give the pawl H a movement corresponding to the length of any tooth of the ratchet
excepting the longer tooth a, so that the pawl will engage with each of the ratchet
teeth in succession until it reaches the long tooth a, the length of which is such
that the pawl in its next downward movement cannot pass below the point of the
tooth a, said movement being limited by a stop S, so that the pawl becomes
inoperative, and the contact arm is stopped so long as the polarity of the exciting
currents through the magnet M remains unchanged. Now by reversing the polarity
of said currents the armature P will be attracted to the other lateral pole of the
magnet, as shown in dotted lines in Figs. 3 and 4, and thus caused to project under
the shoulder R of the lever G, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 4, so that the vertical
movement of the armature P will give a greater movement to the lever G and
pawl H than before, this movement being sufficient to give the ratchet I an addi-
tional impulse through the tooth preceding the long tooth a, thus bringing the point
of the tooth a within reach of the pawl H in its next descent. The switch is now
released, and can be operated as before by again reversing the polarity of the current,
the armature P being thus drawn to its former position when it will not co-operate
with the projection R.
A modification of the switch stopping and starting mechanism is shown in Fig. 5,
in which the ratchet I is rotated by a pawl H and bell-crank lever H', operated by
vertical vibrations of the polarized armature P when the latter is in one position.
The arbor of the ratchet is provided with an arm J, which comes in contact once
during each rotation with a catch or detent J¹ located on a bell-crank lever Js. The
catch or detent arrests the rotation of the ratchet and switch until a reversal of the
polarity of the exciting currents, which changes the position of the polarized arma-
ture, and causes the latter to tilt the lever J2, and thus release the arm J.
I am aware that an electrical switch has been constructed and arranged so as to
be brought into operation partly by the printing apparatus to which it is connected,
and partly by a key closed by the hand of the operator, the function of this switch
being entirely confined to the locality where it is brought into operation; and,
again, electro-magnets and polarized electro-magnets have been operated at a distance
to connect and disconnect distant batteries and circuits, and are known in the art
to which they belong as "relays" and "polarized relays."
It will be readily seen that none of these devices are arranged and constructed
to accomplish the object of my Invention.
My-improved electrical switch involves a radical departure in its construction and
principle of operation, being so constructed and operated that the operator is enabled
to set it in any position he may desire with certainty, and at any distance from the
place from the place of operation, and by its use he can connect or disconnect any
particular station or office in a telegraph line, and communicate with the same in a
series of such stations, thereby avoiding the necessity of "calling" each office on the
line, as illustrated in diagram shown in Fig. 6, which shows the first station having
its telegraphic apparatus in connection with the central office, the others having
their apparatus disconnected from the main line; and, farther, he is enabled by its
use to locate this switch at any convenient point in a telegraph circuit, so as to
connect and disconnect branch offices attached to it, thereby saving a number of
main wires from that point to the point of operation, as shown in Figs. 7 and 8.
Having thus described my improvements in telegraph apparatus in detail I now
desire to state that what I claim as my Invention is,--
First. In printing telegraphs the combination with the press mechanism of a
toothed wheel or its equivalent fixed upon the type-wheel arbor or its equivalent,
and controlling the press mechanism, and an escapement which permits the free
movement of the controlling device in one direction, but retards its movement in
the other direction, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Second. In printing telegraphs the combination with the press mechanism of a
toothed wheel or its equivalent, fixed upon the type-wheel arbor or its equivalent,
an arm oscillated by the action of the toothed wheel, and controlling the press

page_text: mechanism, a spring pawl attached to the said arm, a serrated wheel rotated by
said pawl, and an escapement, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Third. In printing telegraphs the combination with the toothed wheel or its
equivalent, fixed upon the type wheel arbor or its equivalent, of the oscillating arm
or its equivalent, a retarding device, as described, and the escapement controlling
the press mechanism, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Fourth. In printing telegraphs the combination with the toothed wheel or its
equivalent, fixed upon the type-wheel arbor or its equivalent, of the oscillating arm a,
rock shaft C, arm e, pawl f, toothed wheel i, serrated wheel h, escapement 7, pen-
dulum p, arms b, d, and e¹.
Fifth. In printing telegraphs the combination with the toothed wheel N, fixed
upon the type wheel arbor or its equivalent, of the lever H carrying the pawlf and
stops a, e, d, the toothed wheel i, serrated wheel h, escapement 1, pendulum p, and
arms b, c, of the press escapement, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Sixth. In a printing telegraph having two contiguous type wheels rotated step
by step by the action of alternate positive and negative currents an electro-magnet
or magnets for shifting the printing pad and paper strip, or for shifting the type
wheels connected to the line by the movement of the armature of the type wheel
magnet or magnets, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Seventh. In a printing telegraph having two contiguous type wheels, rotated
step by step by the action of alternate positive and negative currents, an electro-
magnet or magnets for shifting the printing pad and paper strip, or for shifting the
type wheels operating to shift in one direction by a prolonged current of one polarity,
and in the other direction by a prolonged current of opposite polarity, substantially
as and for the purpose described.
Eight. In a printing telegraph having two contiguous type wheels, rotated step
by step by the action of alternate positive and negative currents, the combination
with the type wheel magnet or magnets, of the electro-magnets, operating mechanism
for shifting the printing pad and paper strip or the type wheels when excited by a
prolonged current, as described, one magnet shifting in one direction and the other
magnet in the other direction, and each placed in a branch of the main line circuit,
which branches are respectively connected to the line as the type wheel magnet or
magnets is energized by a positive or negative current, substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
Ninth. In the combination substantially as set forth of a main driving train
mechanism for rotating a type wheel or type wheels, mechanism for moving the
printing pad to effect an impression, and an epicyclic gearing connecting said
mechanisms, so that both are driven by the same driving train when the action of
the mechanism rotating the type wheel or type wheels is so controlled by electro-
magnetism that a step-by-step motion is given to said type wheel or type wheels,
and the mechanism moving the printing pad is controlled by a device operated by
the typo-wheel mechanism in connection with a retarding device which permits the
free movement of the controlling device in one direction, but retards its movement
in the other direction, whereby the action of the printing mechanism is automa-
tically effected on arresting the step-by-step movement of the type wheel or type
wheels.
Tenth. In printing telegraphs, an unison device operated by a periodic variation
in the strength of the main line current, substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
Eleventh. A printing telegraph having two contiguous type wheels rotated step
by step by the action of alternate positive and negative currents controlling
mechanism driven by a main driving train, and connected to the press mechanism
by epicyclic gearing, substantially as described, press mechanism driven by the
same main driving train, and controlled by a device operated by the type-wheel
mechanism in connection with a retarding device, acting as described, to cause the
printing to be automatically effected on the arrest of the step-by-step movement of

page_text: °
the type wheel, and mechanism for shifting the printing pad and paper strip, or the
type wheels operated by a prolongation of the main line current, substantially
as and for the purpose set forth.
Twelfth. A printing telegraph having its type wheels rotated step by step by the
action of alternate positive and negative currents, having its printing mechanism
controlled by a device operated by the type-wheel mechanism in connection with a
retarding device, as described, so that the action of the printing mechanism is auto-
matically effected on arresting the step-by-step movement of the type wheels, and
having an unison device operated by a periodic variation in the strength of the main
line current, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Thirteenth. The combination in a printing telegraph of a type wheel or contiguous
type wheels rotated step by step, a press or type-wheel shifting device, and an unison
device, all separately and independently operated by the direct action of the main
line current, with mechanism for moving the printing pad to effect an impression,
operated automatically on arresting the step-by-step movement of the type wheel or
type wheels, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Fourteenth. The combination of the magnets M', M³, when arranged and con-
nected to the line, as described, with the pivoted armature L' and press shifting
mechanism operated thereby, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Fifteenth. The combination of the printing pad S, frame R, levers N³, U¹, rock
shaft Ss, armature L and magnets M', M, substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
Sixteenth. The combination with the escapement wheel having one tooth longer
than the other of the lever W, armature T', and type-wheel magnet M, substantially
as and for the purpose set forth.
Seventeenth. In printing telegraphs, a feed roller having alternate smooth and
serrated surfaces, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Eighteenth. The combination of the toothed wheel K, lever R, pin N³, and press
pad S, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Nineteenth. The combination with the magneto-transmitter of the commutator
keys P2, P3, and their connections, for sending a continued current to the line of
either polarity, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Twentieth. The combination with a magneto-generator of one or more magnets
operated thereby, and each rotating a type wheel step by step, and one or more
press mechanisms operated mechanically, and effecting an impression when the step-
by-step movement of the type wheel is arrested, substantially as and for the purpose
set forth.
Twenty-first. The combination of the step-by-step type-wheel movement, the
polarized magnet operating the same, and mechanism operating mechanically to
effect an impression when the step-by-step movement of the type wheel is arrested,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Twenty-second. In a printing telegraph, an unison device acting independently
of the press mechanism, and brought into action by currents of one polarity and
disconnected by a current of opposite polarity, substantially as and for the purpose
set forth.
Twenty-third. In a printing telegraph having its type wheel operated or con-
trolled by electro-magnetism so as to rotate step by step, an unison device acting
independently of the press mechanism, and brought into action by the main line
currents of one polarity and disconnected by main line currents of opposite polarity,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Twenty-fourth. In a printing telegraph having two contiguous type wheels fixed
upon the same arbor, and operated or controlled by electro-magnetism, so as to
rotate step by step a device for shifting the printing pad from one type wheel to
the other, so as to obtain an impression from either of the two type wheels, or for
shifting the type wheels themselves to effect the same results, operated by electro
magnetisms and by reversals. of the main line current, substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
.

page_text: Twenty-fifth. In a printing telegraph having two contiguous type wheels fixed
upon the same arbor, and operated or controlled by electro-magnetism, so as to
rotate step by step, a unison device which is brought into action when one type
wheel is used for printing, and is released on moving the printing pad or type wheels,
so that an impression can be taken from the other type wheel, substantially as and
for the purpose set forth.
Twenty-sixth. In a printing telegraph, the combination with the type-wheel
arbor, or its equivalent, of the screw a and pin b upon said arbor, the hooked lever
C', the lever C, shifting bar W', and projection 6¹ upon the said shifting bar, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Twenty-seventh. In a printing telegraph, the combination with the printing
magnet placed in the main line circuit of the printing mechanism, and a retarding
device which prevents the printing mechanism from moving sufficiently to effect an
impression until a prolonged current is transmitted through the printing magnet,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Twenty-eight. In a printing telegraph, the combination of the printing magnet
M2, armature E, lever H, pawl f, wheels h, i, escapement l, and pendulum p, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Twenty-ninth. In a printing telegraph, the combination with the lever H of the
lever R and printing pad P, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Thirtieth. In a printing telegraph having two contiguous type wheels fixed upon
the same arbor, and operated or controlled by electro-magnetism so as to rotate step
by step, the combination, substantially as described, of the type-wheel magnet, a
magnet for shifting the printing pad from one type wheel to the other, or for shifting
the type wheels themselves, operated by reversals of the current, and a printing
magnet, all placed in the same main line circuit, a retarding device acting to prevent
an impression unless a prolonged current is transmitted, and an unison device acting
independently of the press mechanism, and brought into action by currents of one
polarity and disconnected by a current of the opposite polarity, substantially as and
for the purpose set forth.
Thirty-first. A printing telegraph having two contiguous type wheels indepen-
dently rotated step by step by separate levers in combination with a single electro-
magnet actuating one or other of the two type wheels and their respective unison
devices, according to the polarity of the current transmitted through said actuating
magnet, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Thirty-second. The combination of two contiguous type wheels independently
rotated, and their respective propelling devices, the electro-magnet M, and polarized
director H, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Thirty-third. The combination of sleeves D2 carrying levers I, I, acting upon
independent type wheels and two arms G, G', the armature C, polarized tongue H,
and foot F, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Thirty-fourth. A printing telegraph having two contiguous and independently
rotated type wheels, each of which is released and returns to the unison point when
the other commences to rotate, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Thirty-fifth. The combination of the ratchet wheels N, N, pawls u, u, rock
shafts b, b, arms W, W¹, levers I, I, and pins x, x, substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
Thirty-sixth. The combination of the pinion o, segmental rack R, disc n, and
arm O¹, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Thirty-seventh. The combination of the magnet M', armature N', arm C², toothed
wheel K³, printing pad P2, and notched wheels L, L, substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
Thirty-eighth. In a printing telegraph having two contiguous type wheels, either
of which may be used at will; the combination with two independently actuated
printing pads of a polarized director operated by a reversal of the polarity of the
current, to determine the action of one or the other of the printing pads, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose set forth.

page_text: Thirty-ninth. In a printing telegraph having two contiguous type wheels, either
of which may be used at will, the combination with a polarized director of an
unison device operated thereby and acting to hold the type wheels at unison when
the director is in one position, and to permit them to rotate when the director is in
the other position, according to the polarity of the exciting current, substantially as
and for the purpose specified.
Fortieth. In a printing telegraph having two contiguous type wheels the com-
bination with the printing levers P, P¹, of the polarized director B', constructed and
operated as described, and acting to move either one of the said printing levers
according to the polarity of the current, substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
Forty-first. The combination of the polarized director B¹ constructed and operating
as described, the pivoted lever X, the armature F¹ attached thereto, and the magnet E,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Forty-second. The combination of the polarized director B¹, the arm m constructed
and operating as described, and provided with a projection n, and the unison arm o
upon the type wheel arbor or its equivalent, substantially as and for the purpose
set forth.
Forty-third. In a printing, telegraph a type wheel released step by step by
magneto-electric currents and impelled by the motor of the generator of the
magneto-electric currents releasing the type wheel, substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
Forty-fourth. In a printing telegraph having a type wheel released step by step
by magneto-electric currents, printing mechanism actuated by the motor of the
generator of the magneto-electric currents releasing the type wheel, substantially
as and for the purpose set forth.
Forty-fifth. The combination in a printing telegraph of a type wheel released
step by step by magneto-electric currents and impelled by the motor of the
generator of the magneto-electric currents releasing the type wheel, and printing
mechanism actuated by the motor of the generator of the magneto-electrio
currents releasing the type wheel, substantially as described and for the purpose
set forth.
Forty-sixth. In a printing telegraph having a type wheel released step by step by
magneto-electric currents, the combination with the type wheel of the rotating
armature of the generator of the magneto-electric currents releasing the type wheel,
and suitable gearing connecting the type wheel and rotating armature, substantially
as and for the purpose set forth.
Forty-seventh. In a printing telegraph a retarding device consisting of a toothed
wheel rotated at an uniform rate by the motor rotating the type wheel, but at a
slower rate than that of the type wheel, substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
Forty-eight. The combination of the oscillating arm Y, the spring S or its
equivalent retracting said arm, the spring pawl B, the toothed wheel R upon the
type-wheel arbor or an arbor connected therewith, and the toothed wheel H rotated
by the same motor which rotates the wheel R and the type wheel, but at a slower
rate than that of the type wheel and wheel R, substantially as and for the purpose
set forth.
Forty-ninth. The combination of the rotating armature of the generator of the
magneto-electric currents releasing the type wheel, of an arbor rotating with said
armature, a type wheel and escapement wheel connected to said arbor by an elastic
frictional connection, and a type wheel escapement vibrated by the magneto-
electric currents produced by the generator, substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
Fiftieth. The combination with the rotating armature of a generator of magneto-
electric currents, of the arbor E, gear wheel G upon said arbor, the pinion n con-
nected to said gear wheel G, and type wheel P, toothed wheel R, and escapement

page_text: wheel S connected to said pinion by an elastic frictional connection, substantially as
and for the purpose set forth.
Fifty-first. The combination of the pinion n, U shaped rod M, helical spring O,
and sleeve carrying the type wheel P, substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
Fifty-second. The combination of the coils D, D, arbor E, and gear wheel G,
substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Fifty-third. The combination with the rotating armature of a generator of
magneto-electric currents, of the arbor E, the gear wheel G, the gear wheel I, con-
nected to the said arbor É by a spring S¹ or its equivalent, as described, and having
thereon a series of pins a, a, a, or their equivalents, the arm D¹ carrying the
printing roller, and an escapement which holds the wheel I and prevents it from
being rotated by the arbor E when the type wheel is rotating, and releases said
wheel, and allows it to rotate with the arbor E sufficiently to permit one of
the pins a, a, a, or its equivalent to pass the end of the arm D¹ when the
rotation of the type wheel is arrested, substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
Fifty-four. The combination of the arm Y, the pawl B, the toothed wheel H
upon the arbor E, the spring S2 or its equivalent, and the escapement holding
and releasing the printing mechanism, substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
Fifty-fifth. The combination of the gear wheel I, the pinion U, cross piece V,
having arms c, c³, and rotating with the pinion U, the escapement arm L having
hooks b, b, arm Y, and spring S2 or its equivalent, substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
Fifty-sixth. The combination of the rotating coils D, D, arbor E, gear wheel G,
gear wheel I connected to the arbor E by the spring S', and provided with
pins a, a, a, or their equivalents; pinion U, cross piece V, escapement arm L,
spring S³, arm D' carrying the printing roller, pinion N, U shaped rod M, spiral
spring O, type wheel P, toothed wheel R, escapement wheel S, toothed wheel H,
spring pawl B, escapement O¹, vibrating armature L', and the polarized type-wheel
magnet, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Fifty-seventh. An armature for a Siemens polarized magnet having the arms or
extremities each magnetized by induction to the same polarity, substantially as and
for the purpose set forth.
Fifty-eight. The combination of the snail wheel al upon the type wheel arbor,
and the lever B' pivoted at one end to the case and having its other end bearing
upon the snail wheel, and acting to arrest the type wheel at the unison point
when said type wheel is turned backward, substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
Fifty-ninth. In a printing telegraph the combination of an electro-magnet
controlling or operating a type wheel rotating step by step, printing mechanism
controlled by the type-wheel mechanism and acting to effect an impression of a
character upon the type wheel when the step-by-step rotation of the type wheel is
arrested, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Sixtieth. The combination of the type wheel magnet, the segmental disc H,
the arm I upon the type-wheel arbor, the electric connections as described, the
bars N, N¹, springs n, n', and keys K, substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
Sixty-first. The combination of the transmitting cylinder A, its levers and keys,
the magnet B with its revolving armature C parallel with the cylinder A³, and the
gears D, D, connecting the shafts of the armature and cylinder, substantially as
set forth.
Sixty-second. The combination of the transmitter cylinder A' arranged parallel
to the armature of the magnet, and geared to and operating the latter, substantially
as set forth.

page_text: Sixty-third. A telegraph switch in combination with electro-mechanical mechanism*
for setting and adjusting the same, and telegraph circuits connected thereto, as set
forth.
Sixty-fourth. A telegraph switch composed of a series of contacts, and a contact
arm combined with electro-mechanical mechanism operating from a point at any
desired distance to bring any one of the series of contacts in connection with the
point from which the mechanism is operated, as set forth.
Sixty-fifth. In a telegraph circuit a series of switches operated electro-mechanically
from a distant point in the circuit, as and for the purpose set forth.
Sixty-sixth. A telegraph switch operated by one or more electro-magnets excited
by currents of one polarity, and the adjusting mechanism operated by currents of
opposite polarity.
Sixty-seventh. A switch composed of a rotary contact arm connected in a telegraph
circuit, and a series of contacts arranged in the path of the arm and connected with
separate telegraph wires combined with automatic means for stopping the arm when
it reaches a predetermined normal point, and electro-mechanical mechanism operated,
1st., by currents of one polarity to rotate the arm until it is automatically stopped;
and 2d., by a current or currents of an opposite polarity to start the arm from its
normal point.
In witness whereof, I, the said Sydney Pitt, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty-fourth day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.