AN IMPROVED METHOD OF APPLYING THE REPELLING OR REPULSIVE FORCE OF NATURE, IN ORDER TO GIVE A STRONGER IMPULSE TO ANY SUBSTANCE OR BODY IN MOTION, AS WELL AS TO DESTROY THE BAD EFFECTS OF ITS BACEFUL ACTIVITY
Year: 1803

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
MILLER, of the Parish of Saint Pancras, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under tho Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Sixteenth day of March,
in the forty-third year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the said Samuel
Miller, his especial licence, that I, the said Samuel Miller, during the term of
years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF APPLYING THE REPELLING OR REPULSIVE FORCE OF
NATURE, IN ORDER TO GIVE A STRONGER IMPULSE TO ANY SUBSTANCE OR BODY IN
MOTION, AS WELL AS TO DESTROY THE BAD EFFECTS OF ITS BACEFUL ACTIVITY;" in
which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said
Samuel Miller, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to cause
a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within one calendar month after the date of the said recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same (relation being thereunto had) may more fully
and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Samuel Miller, do hereby declare my said improved method of applying the
repelling or repulsive force of nature to give a stronger impulse to any substance

page_text: or body in motion, as well as to destroy the bad effects of its baneful activity,
to be as follows:-
The component parts of all fuel diverging from a centre, an action diamo-
trically opposite to an impressed force, must be considered as a repelling or
repulsive power; this power I apply as represented in the annexed Drawing
and written explanation. Figure 1st, let A represent a cylinder, fitted up
with a piston B; this vessel or cylinder, which is either round, oval, or square,
is to be placed in such a situation that the intense focal point of the fire C bo
brought as near the bottom of the piston B as the intervening substance of the
cylinder will admit; in this position a small portion of water, by its gravity, or
injected by the force of the engine, as at D, is to be made to pass through the
small pipe E immediately between the bottom of the cylinder and piston; at or
nearly the same instant the steam at F, F, is to be considered out of the main
cylinder, as at G. H, H, condensing valves; I, I, condenser ; K, K, injection
valves; L, the air or exhausting pump. The piston by this operation being
forced up to M, the steam is suffered to escape through the sides of the small
into the upper or larger end by means of the small opens at N, O; by this
means the steam will be of equal strength, and suffer the valve P to open for
the piston to descend. The flame leaving the cylinder A passes through the
flue Qinto the cylinder R at the valve S; when the fire has filled the cylinder
R the condensing stroke is to be made at the same instant with that of the
steam cylinder; by having an equal communication with the same condensing
apparatus a small portion of water may be injected into the cylinder with
the fire, where the fuel is found to be much deprived of that climent. When
the piston is at its height at T the valve S is to be shut by the working power
of the engine as it best suits the engineer; the valve U will give the draught
required through the cylinder, and the regulator in the flue V lets as much fire
pass as is necessary. Figures 2d and 3d are parts of Figure 1st, either of
which make an engine of themselves; Figure 1st being both a steam and fire
engine, therefore if either cylinder is taken away it leaves the other a complete
single engine. Figure 3d requires a large shallow cylinder, the area of the
piston being sixteen times that of a steam cylinder which use the same quantity
of fuel; the only difference between the fire cylinder of Figure 3d and that in
Figuro the 1st is that Figure 3, like a double stroke steam engine, condenses
at both ends, and only requires a repetition of the same valves and condensing
apparatus. To save fuel let the apparatus, Figure the 4th, be applied. A, the
fire; B, the fire entering the flue at the regulator C; at this instant it is drawn
through the pipe D by means of the piston E into the cylinder F, then forced
through the pipe G into the fire by the valve H, shutting the same instant that

page_text: the valve I opens, the pistons E & K being made to rise and fall alternately by
the force of an engine or animal labor. This method of drawing in the flames,
agreeable to the appearance at L, and forcing it through the fire as a substitute
for a fresh supply of air, is the principal by which the fuel is to be saved, and
not in any particular manner of constructing these fire bellows by which the
same operation may be effected. This machine may be used in all cases of
manufactoring where saving of fuel is an object. Figure 5 is the method
of destroying the bad effects of its baneful activity. Let A represent a
building, and B the fire or first apparent effect, C the destroyer, changing the
building with its firy suffocation medium. To effect this you are to be previously
provided with coarse woollen cloth, or any other convenient substance for
stopping as many draughts into and out of the building as practicable; or it
may be effected without this preparation, by being provided with such materials
as will readily afford a large portion of suffocating matter, such as gunpowder,
or the materials of which it is composed, or any other substance more convo-
nient which will readily convert into a suffocating medium by natural or
artificial fermentation. When gunpowder is to be used it must be either
bruised or mixed with some substances which will fill the interstice of tho
grains to prevent its exploding; lampblack will answer in a proportion of
measurement of two parts in three to that of gunpowder; this must be forced
into a barrel or case in any quantity most convenient, or gunpowder might be
suffered to explode in quantities which will not injure the buildings. Steam
might be used, but it will require a large apparatus to procure a quantity suffi-
cient for large buildings; in such a case the boiler should be thin and large,
mounted on a light carriage, with its proper pipes for conducting it into the
building; or the two operations may be combined, as represented in Figuro
the 5th. A, the carriage; B, the fire; C, the boiler; D, the steam pipe, either
inserted or not into the flue E; strong suffocating materials in this case are to
be used at the fuel, G and F, regulating valves; in short, any substances which
are portable enough to charge the building with a sufficient medium of onc
hundred thousand cubic feet in from five to ten minutes might be used. Con-
ceiving it is not required of me to explain all the comparative powers of each.
of the several substances which might be used on these occasions, but to show
the means of commanding this element, when raging in buildings or shipping,
in a much more decisive manner than have hitherto been practised, particularly
on all those volatile substances imported, and on which water makes so little
impression. When a building is seen on fire it is the business of the fireman
to convey the suffocating matter into the particular room or rooms of the
window, door or chimney, or any other opening; if this is not practicable, they

page_text: are to charge the whole building or ship, and the fire will be found subdued
before water can be procured; or otherwise the suffocating materials might bo
always kept in the buildings with trains to take fire when an accident happens.
Vegetables substances of all kinds afford a great deal of such materials, as well
oils, rosins, and every other inflamable substance, with some of the earths and
minerals; by fermentation or by pulverising them very fine a suffocating medium
may be prepared.-
Lastly, I consider the principal or system of this plan for protecting of pro-
perty from fire to consist in preparing large and sufficient quantities of suffocating
materials, to be so conveniently disposed that when a fire happens it may be
stop'd in a few minutes after the materials are brought to the spot, and always
long before water can be procured.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Miller, have hereunto set my hand
and scal, the Fifteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and three.
SAMUEL MILLER. (L.S.)
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifteenth day of April, in tho
forty-third year of the reign of His Majesty King George the Third, the said
Samuel Miller came before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and
acknowledged the Instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein con-
tained and specified, in form above written. And also the Instrument aforesaid
was stamped according to the tenor of the several Statutes made in the sixth
year of the reign of the late King and Queen William and Mary of England,
and so forth, and in the seventeenth, twenty-third, and thirty-seventh years of
the reign of His Majesty King George the Third.
Inrolled the Sixteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and three.