IMPROVEMENTS IN EMBOSSING. PRINTING. ENAMELLING, AND ORNAMENTING GLASS, METAL, WOOD, CANVASS. OR OTHER WOVEN PREPARED FABRICS OR OTHER SUBSTANCES. AND THE PREPARATION OF THE MATERIAL OR MATERIALS AND INGREDIENTS EMPLOYED THEREIN, AND MACHINERY OR APPARATUS APPERTAINING TO A PART THEREOF
Year: 1869

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to William Wilkinson, Engineer, of 58, Seymour
Street, Euston Square, in the County of Middlesex, and Mark
Boss, Glass Merchant, of 60, Cleveland Street, Fitzroy Square, also
in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN
EMBOSSING. PRINTING. ENAMELLING, AND ORNAMENTING GLASS, METAL, WOOD,
CANVASS. OR OTHER WOVEN PREPARED FABRICS OR OTHER SUBSTANCES. AND
THE PREPARATION OF THE MATERIAL OR MATERIALS AND INGREDIENTS
EMPLOYED THEREIN, AND MACHINERY OR APPARATUS APPERTAINING TO A PART
THEREOF."
Sealed the 12th November 1869, and dated the 15th May 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Wilkinson
and Mark Boss at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 15th May 1869.
WC, WILLIAM WILKINSON, Engineer, of 58, Seymour Street, Euston
Square, in the County of Middlesex. and MARK Boss, Glass Merchant,
of 60, Cleveland Street, Fitzroy Square, also in the County of Mid-
dlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
AND ORNAMENTING GLASS
PROVEMENTS IN EMBOSSING. PRINTING. ENAMELLING.

page_text: METAL WOOD. CANVASS, OR OTHER WOVEN PREPARED FABRICS OR OTHER SUB-
STANCES, AND THE PREPARATION OF THE MATERIAL OR MATERIALS AND INGREDIENTS
EMPLOYED THEREIN, AND MACHINERY OR APPARATUS APPERTAINING TO A PART
THEREOF, to be as follows —
The first part of our Invention consists in embossing the surface of
the glass or metal in the following manner-We take a sheet or strip oi
glass, white or coloured, and either plain or ground, or of metal, taking
care that the surface is perfectly clean. We place it upon a flat moveable
bed, which may be so arranged as to rise and fall by means of weights
applied at convenient parts of a frame and attached to ropes or chains
passing over pullies placed at the top of uprights or any other part of
the frame at a sufficient height from the floor in order that the moveable
bed can be raised or lowered as desired, or a common stretching frame
or a stretching frame may be employed similar to those used in lace
dressing upon which we place a plain or figured lace, muslin, or other
open, woven, and figured fabric or fabrics or perforated metal sheets.
taking great care that the design or pattern is perfectly square thereon.
We then prepare the surface of the glass or metal and wash over the
surface to be ornamented by means of a brush a solution of gum and
water or other suitable adhesive matter. The surfaces thus prepared are
brought in close contact with the laces or other fabric or perforated
plates by raising the bed. When this is accomplished we dust the
surface of the fabric over with very fine powdered resin. bitumen, or
pitch, or other like powder, mixed or not, either of animal, vegetable, or
of a minerial nature,) which fluoric acid will not affect the means
employed for dusting the above-named powders on the surface is by
agitating them in a close chamber or box, which may be supported
at the top of the above-mentioned framework, or the powder or
powders may be applied by hand or other means. The powder may
be applied to the under side of the material to be operated upon; in
that case the rising bed may be dispensed with. The glass or metal
in this case to be operated on would bear upon the lace or other fabric
or perforated metal screen. When all parts of the surface of the glass
are completely covered with the powder it is brushed over to remove
the ground powder, which does not adhere to such parts of the surface
which were covered by the solid parts of the lace, muslin, or other open
woven fabric or perforated metal screens. In some cases the design to
be produced is not required to cover the whole surface of the glass or
metal, we then stop or cover such parts with the close fabric or body in

page_text: order that the powder should not be spread over to that part of the
glass or metal which does not require to be embossed. The blast from
a rotatory fan or a camel hair brush may be employed to sweep off
or remove the loose powder that will not adhere to the surface. We
then remove the glass or other metal from the lace, muslin, or open
woven figured fabrics and place it upon a hot bed or in an oven heated
to a proper temperature just suflicient to cause the powder to adhere
with a greater degree of firmness to the surface of the glass or metal.
Great care must be taken that it is not heated to too high a degree
of temperature to cause it to run and spread, as that would destroy the
effect of the plain or figured ground produced as above described.
The remaining part or parts of the glass or metal that require to be
left plain may be coated over or otherwise protected in the usual way
with Brunswick black which is so well understood. The sheet or plate
of glass or metal is removed from the hot bed or oven and its edges are
banked up with fat or other suitable material to a sufficient height as
to form a reservoir to hold a quantity of fluoric acid which is poured
over the surface; the strength of the fluoric acid is governed by the
nature of the glass or metal. The action of the fluoric acid is to cat away
those parts of the surface of the glass or metal that is not protected as
above described. The fluoric acid is retained on the surface for such time
or until the surface is sufficiently embossed; it is then poured off, the fat
is removed from the edges, and the surface of the glass or metal may
then be washed and cleaned. The parts of the surface not operated on
may then be ground or otherwise prepared or not as required. This
part of our Invention will offer cheap means for obtaining various
beautiful embossed grounds or patterns on glass or metal, and we can by
the means above described produce at a very small cost compared to
what can be produced by the methods now in practice by brushing out
patterns or pencil work. The perforations or designs in the sheets of
metal are produced in a manner similar to that known in producing
stencil plates.
In some cases we propose that the powder or powders should be mixed
with
any desired fluid or adhesive matter and floated on to the surface of
the glass or metal and left until sufficiently dry; we then place the
above-mentioned stencil plates or lace or other material on the sheet of
glass or metal, and brush the pattern out, after which the lace or other
material is removed therefrom. We heat the plate as above described in
order that the design shall firmly adhere. We sometimes produce the

page_text: design by printing upon the surface of the glass or metal by hand or by
an impression made with a suitable block or other surface with any
adhesive matter. We also employ metallic dies or figured plates or a
bed or mould constructed of fireproof clay or other material, which
designs can readily be taken from or impression made in the clay from
lace, muslin, or other open woven plain or figured fabrics, or cut plates.
This being effected, an alloy or alloys of metals may be run over the
whole of the surface if required to produce a metallic mould which may
be employed in the manufacture of glass by rolling, stamping, or blow-
ing, which process will produce a rich figured surface upon the surface
of the glass. We also transfer printed designs from transfer paper
to the surface of glass or metal to be embossed, printed by means of
stones. blocks, or metallic plates, or otherwise, with Brunswick black
and printers' ink mixed together, or resin and printers' ink mixed, or
printers' ink and gutta percha or wax, or any combination of the above-
named materials. We also employ gold size or dryers or spirits in
proper quantities to each or any two or more of the above materials or
ingredients that will resist the action of fluoric acid. By these means
the richest designs can be produced at a small cost.
We also protect.
the surfaces of silvered glass by the application of the aforesaid ground
powders being applied over the surface of the silver, and by the applica-
tion of heat as above described it will be found to adhere firmly to the
silver, which will be protected by these means and cannot give way.
The second part of our Invention consists in producing ornamental
designs or works of art upon glass, metal, wood, prepared canvas, or
other material or materials. We take a sheet of transfer paper prepared
with a loose ground, which ground may consist of a composition of
starch or other material which will at once dissolve or give way on the
application of water or other moisture to the back of the paper. The
surface of the starch we cover with a coating of varnish or any suitable
waterproof material which will not penetrate through the starch or
other composition, the size being laid on before the varnish will prevent.
the varnish soaking into or through it. In some cases we give the
varnish surface a sizing over with size, or any other material that will
prevent the varnish sticking to the blocks, stones, or metallic plates.
in which state the transfer paper may be rolled or faced if required.
We print upon the ground or prepared surface of the transfer paper,
pictures, designs, or works of art in mineral or vegetable, or in metallic
fluxable or vitrifying materials, coloured or not. The colouring medium

page_text: is mixed with the materials or ingredients according to the nature or
purpose for which they are required. This printing may be accom-
plished by blocks, stones, or metallic plates, or with type in suitable
printing presses, or in other methods of printing. We then take the
paper printed as aforesaid and give it a coat of turpentine, varnish, oil,
gum, or any other adhesive matter by means of a camel hair brush,
Having made the surface of the glass or metal perfectly clean and
free from dust we give it a coating over with any of the above-named
ingredients or adhesive matters; we then lay the paper thus prepared
on to the surface to be ornamented in the position it is to remain; it
may be rubbed down by the hand to exclude the air bubbles from
between the design and the surface to be ornamented, or a burnisher
may be employed for the purpose. By this means the design becomes
firmly fixed on the surface; it is then left to dry, and when sufficiently
dry the back of the paper may be moistened by a wet sponge or it may
be immersed in water in order that the paper may be removed. The
design, coloured or not, is left upon the glass or metal surface, which
may then be placed upon a hot bed to evaporate the dampness
from it if required, which will fix the design firmly to the glass
or metal, it may then be placed in a kiln and heated to a blood
red or a vitrifying heat, when the colours or stains will be found to
unite to the glass or metal; the kiln is opened when sufficiently cool
and the glass or metal plate removed. This method of ornamenting
glass or metal plates can be produced at a small cost, and will have a
richness and brilliancy of colour which will be found extremely useful
for windows of churches and other purposes of decoration. The glass
may be silvered for ornamental purposes generally.
The third part of our Invention consists in preparing the surface of
metal plates to receive the enamelling medium by cutting or rolling it
by means of cut rollers, or dies, or chissels, or other contrivances, which
may either be operated upon in a heated or cold state, in order that
fine or coarse hollows or recesses can be produced upon the bare surface
of the metal to the depth required, or the plates or vessels may be cast
with a rough surface. By thus treating the metal it will be found that
the enamel will not chip off. We also coat, by dipping or otherwise.
the above-named prepared surfaces into any desired clay as an absorbent
so as to fill the hollows or recesses, and produce an even surface on the
metal. The clay or other absorbent may possess animal, mineral, ór
vegetable matters in combination therewith. We then fire' the metal

page_text: rooms.
in a similar manner to that of firing china and earthenware. The
surface may then receive its plain printed, or coloured, or enamelled
designs, and may either be glazed before receiving the designs or after
as desired.
The colours employed are of the same nature as those
used by china and glass manufacturers. This method of enamelling
will be found extremely useful for signs and advertising purposes, and
for plates, dishes, and other vessels, also for floors and walls of bath
The plates or vessels may be lustred; this is effected by
dipping or coating the metal in a clay made to a consistency for the
purpose, and afterwards fired and glazed. The oxides used to produce
the lustre are preferably of gold or platinum, but other oxides may
be, employed; if practicable, the oxides may be mixed with some
essential oil. The fluid is brushed over the surface of the articles; when
sufficiently dry they may be placed in a kiln and fired, and a brilliancy
will be produced almost equal to its primitive brilliancy, and may be
employed as reflectors of artificial or natural light. We also manu-
facture as above described male and female letters and figures, which
may be pressed out of metallic metal by the means of dies or cutters
or other convenient apparatus, which may either be plain or ornamented,
which entirely depends upon the die or dies, or cutters employed, and
may afterwards be enamelled or operated upon as above described.
These letters will be found extremely light and durable: they may
be perforated in order that when they are placed upon windows they
will not obstruct the light.
The fourth part of our Invention relates to the ornamentation of the
surface of canvas prepared with paint or other composition in order to
give it a waterproof and fine surface. We employ the colours and inks
ordinarily used by lithographers and letter-press printers by printing on
transfer or otherwise assisted by gold, silver, bronze, or other metallic
alloy either in powder or leaf. We take a print or impression printed
upon the transfer paper as above described, and give it a coating of
varnish or other waterproof adhesive matter. We then take a piece of
the prepared canvas and give it a brush over with the same varnish or
other adhesive matter on the prepared side. We then place the printed
face to the prepared surface, and rub it down so as to cause it to unite
firmly to the surface by means of a burnisher or by pressure, or it may
be passed between rollers, which may be heated or not; by which means
the print or design becomes firmly fixed to the prepared surface of the
canvas, it is allowed to remain until sufficiently dry, when it is removed,

page_text: and may then be stretched and fitted on a stretching frame if intended
for a picture or sign for advertising purposes; the paper may then be
damped with water by a sponge or immersed therein in order to remove
the paper therefrom, leaving the design and colours upon the surface of
the canvas. The same results may be effected by transferring water-
color drawings, engravings, or outlines of any design to the surface
of the prepared canvas; pictures and designs of the most recherché style
can be produced for every description of advertising purposes, which
may be intermixed with gold, silver, or other alloy if required.
The above-named process may be readily applied on the surface of
wood veneers for cabinet work and other similar purposes.
The fifth part of our Invention consists in ornamenting wood veneers
by embossing, by the employment of dies or cut rollers, or by means of
perforated metal or other plates as are found best adapted for such
purposes, and which are not readily affected by acids or stains. The dies
or acids may be applied through the cuts, cavities, or perforations of the
metal plates while passing between the rollers or by laying the vencer
on a travelling bed, which may be moved by the same or a similar con-
trivance to that known as Baker's patent mangle, or it may be effected
by other mechanical means. The acids we employ may be sulphuric
acid or aquafortis, nitric acid, or any other acid which will be found to
penetrate into the pores or fibres of the wood. For some purposes we
manufacture the veneers from wood sawings.bone and ivory dust, or from
vegetable or animal or mineral materials in a state of powder mixed with
size, pitch. cannel coal, resin, tar. or other adhesive matter, and
boiled together or otherwise, mixed by heat or by agitation, and then
rolled out into lengths or sheets of the thickness required. The matters
above named may have colours mixed therewith before being rolled out
into sheets or lengths or afterwards as required. We also employ per-
forated metallic plates or strips perforated in plain or figured designs. We
then cover up one side of the aforesaid metal by sticking upon the surface
a layer of paper or other material in order to avoid anything penetrating
through. We then fill up all the perforations or roll over the entire
surface a composition which may consist of bone or ivory dust, or wood
sawings, or other material being boiled together or otherwise mixed
with a required quantity of size, rosin, pitch, tar, cannel coal, or peat,
or other gummy matter or ingredient, which is treated according to the
nature of the composition; it then may be rolled or a great pressure may

page_text: be applied so as to make it firm and give an even surface, then the paper
on the reverse side or surface may be taken away from the metal,
which will have a rich appearance and will imitate marqueterie or inlaid
work and will be found extremely useful for cabinets and other purposes.
The same result may also be effected in ornamenting metals by per-
forating one piece or sheet of metal and then applying through the same
perforations the dust of various other metals or alloys. It then may be
rolled and even, which will leave the design a different colour, or may be
of a more precious metal than that of the ground, say, silver and gold, or
brass, or other metallic alloy, or silver, which will have two distinct
appearances; or a piece or sheet of plain metal may be rolled on the
surface of the perforated piece or sheet of metal, which may be of a
different alloy and colour, which will present a very handsome appear-
ance and will imitate mosaic work.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters l'atent,
filed by the said William Wilkinson and Mark Boss in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 15th November 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME we, WILLIAM
WILKINSON, Engineer, of 58, Seymour Street, Euston Square, in the
County of Middlesex, and MARK Boss, Glass Merchant, of 60,
Cleveland Street, Fitzroy Square, also in the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.
WHEREAS er most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did. for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said William Wilkinson and Mark Boss,
Her special licence that we. the said William Wilkinson and Mark
Boss, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said William Wilkinson and Mark Boss. our executors,
administrators. and assigns, should at any time agree with. and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might, make. use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands. and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
EMBOSSING, PRINTING, ENAMELLING. AND ORNAMENTING GLASS, METAL. WOOD,

page_text: CANVAS, OR OTHER WOVEN PREPARED FABRICS OR OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND THE
PREPARATION OF THE MATERIAL OR MATERIALS AND INGREDIENTS EMPLOYED
THEREIN. AND MACHINERY OR APPARATUS APPERTAINING TO A PART THEREOF."
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said William Wilkinson
and Mark Boss, or one of us, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our, or one of our, or their, or one of
their hands and scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Willian Wilkinson and Mark
Boss, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being
had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon, that is to say:-
The first part of our Invention consists in embossing the surface or
surfaces of glass or metal in the following manner:-We take a sheet,
strip, or plate of glass, either white, flashed, or coloured, matted, or
ground, and which may either be ground before or after the operation
is accomplished if required, or of metallic metal, taking care that the
surface or surfaces to be operated upon is perfectly clean and free from
dust. We place any one of the above-named articles upon a flat
moveable bed, which may be so arranged as to rise and fall by means of
weights applied thereto at convenient parts of the framework of the
table, and which may be attached to ropes or chains passing over
pulleys placed at the top of the uprights or any other part of the
framework being a sufficient height from the floor, in order that the
movable bed can be raised or lowered as desired. or a common
stretching frame or stretching frames may be employed similar to those
nsed in lace dressing, and the moveable bed attached thereto as above
directed if required. upon which we place a plain or figured lace.
muslin, or other open woven and figured fabric or fabrics, or perforated
metal sheets may be employed, taking great care that the design or
pattern is perfectly square thereon. We then prepare the surface of
the glass or metal and wash the surface over to be ornamented by means
of a brush or sponge with a solution of gum and water or other suitable

page_text: adhesive matter. The surface or surfaces thus prepared are brought
in close contact with the lace or other fabric or the perforated metallic
plates by raising the bed. When this is accomplished we dust the
surface of the fabric or metal plates over with very fine powdered
resin, bitumen, pitch, or any other substance of an animal, vegetable,
or mineral character which fluoric acid will not affect. The means
employed for dusting the above-named powder or powders on the before-
named surface or surfaces is by agitating them in a close chamber or
box, which may be supported at the top of the above-mentioned frame-
work or otherwise, or the powder or powders may be applied by hand
or other means. The powder may also be applied to the under side of
the material or materials to be operated on; in that case the rising
bed may be dispensed with. The glass or metal in this case would bear
upon the lace, muslin, or other open woven plain or figured fabric or
perforated metal plates or screens. When all parts of the surface of
the glass or metal have been completely covered with the powder it is
brushed over to remove the powder which does not adhere to such parts
of the surface which were covered by the solid parts of the lace, muslin,
or other open woven fabric or perforated metal screens. In some cases,
when the design to be produced is not required to cover the whole
surface of the glass or metal, we stop out or cover such parts with a
close fabric or body of paint, composition, or other material in order
that the powder should not penetrate through or become spread over to
that part of the glass or metal which does not require to be embossed.
A blast from a rotatory fan or a camel hair brush may be employed to
sweep off or remove the loose powder that will not adhere to the surface.
We then remove the glass or the metal from the lace, muslin, or open
woven figured fabric or fabrics, and place it upon a hot bed, or in an
oven heated to a proper temperature just sufficient to cause the powder
to adhere with a greater degree of firmness to the surface of the glass
or metal.
Great care must be taken that it is not hented to too high
a temperature to cause it to run and spread, as that would destroy the
effect of the plain or figured ground produced as above described. The
remaining part or parts of the glass or metal that require to be left
plain may be covered or coated over or otherwise protected in the usual
way with Brunswick black, which is well understood. The sheet or
plate of glass or other suitable metallic metal surface is removed
from the hot bed or oven, and its edges are banked up with fat or other
suitable material to a sufficient height to form a reservoir to hold a

page_text: quantity of fluoric acid, which is poured all over the surface; the
strength of the fluoric acid is governed by the nature of the glass or
metal under operation. The action of the fluoric acid is to cat away those
parts of the surface of the glass or metal that are not protected as above
described. The fluoric acid is retained upon the surface for such time or
until the surface is sufliciently embossed; it is then poured off, the fat
is removed from the edges, and the surface of the glass or metal may
then be washed and cleansed. Sometimes potash is required to cleanse
the metal or glass. The parts of the surface not operated on may then
be ground, silvered, or otherwise prepared or not as required. This part
of our Invention will offer cheap means of obtaining various beautiful
embossed grounds or patterns on glass or metal, and we can by the
means above described produce at a very small cost compared to what
can be produced by the methods now in practice by brushing out patterns
or pencil work. The perforations or designs in the sheets of metal are
produced in a similar manner to that known in producing stencil plates.
We propose that the powder or powders should be mixed with any
desired fluid or adhesive matter and floated on to the surface of the glass
or metal and left. until sufficiently dry, we then place the stencil plates
or lace or other material on the sheet of glass or metal and brush the
pattern out, after which the lace or other material is removed therefrom.
We heat the plate as above described in order that the design shall
firmly adhere, and we sometimes produce the designs by printing upon
the surface of the glass or metal by hand or by an impression made with
a suitable block or other surface with any adhesive matter. such as gum
water, shellac, or a varnish or other material.
We also employ metallic dies or figured plates, or a bed or moulds,
which may be of a cylindrical or conical figure, and in one, two, or more
parts, similar in construction to the moulds in present use by glass
manufacturers, which are cast with raised and impressed surfaces. The
sunken portions of the design that are cast in or cut out of the metallic
metal or alloy or other material must correspond to the one that is the
raised portion of the design or figure, so that the raised portion of the
die shall fit into the cavities or recesses of the sunken dic, and may be
cast or cut deeper than the corresponding die if required in order to
admit a stouter piece or sheet or plate of glass that may be placed
between them. The size required to receive the stamped impression
from the above-named die or dics, which may either be raised or lowered
by means of a screw or lever or closed together by their own weight or

page_text: other mechanical means. The above-named moulds, dies, and figured
plates or rollers may have air passages in any convenient part so as to
discharge the air from the above when molten glass or sheets of glass
are placed therein, which will prevent the glass from being destroyed
which may be employed in the manufacturing of glass by rolling,
stamping, and blowing, which process will produce a rich figured surface
upon the surface of the glass.
The way in which we proceed to describe the use of the above-named
dies and figured plates or moulds, which may be any required size, is as
follows: We take a piece of any of the usual sizes of sheets or plates
of glass that is to receive an embossed or ornamental impression and place
it in a kiln and heat it until the same is at a bending heat or to a pliable,
plastic state, which is treated according to the nature of the glass. The
glass may be placed upon a piece of level sheet iron or metal or upon
the mould, and may be coated or dusted over with a composition of
plaster of Paris or whiting, which will prevent the glass sticking to the
metallic surface. The glass having received a sufficient heat for the
operation is placed upon the die or figured plate, which may be polished
if desired. The die or figured plate being heated to the required degree
of heat which will be the means of the glass not being destroyed by the
action of hot and cold temperature. the die or dies and mould or
figured plate are at onee closed together by any of the means above
described, and is then opened and the glass is then removed from the
die or from the above-named figured plate or mould and annealed in
the usual way. Or the glass may be heated as above described on an
even piece of iron or metal, and having received a suflicient heat the
figured plate or the plain plate is placed thereon which is heated to a
required heat before being applied, which would almost appear red in
the dark; the weight of the figured plate would in this case be almost
sufficient to obtain the correct impression therefrom, or the above-named
even plate of iron or metal may be so connected with the figured plate
as to open and shut with a ledge formed partly or wholly round the
same so as to prevent the glass reducing itself in substance during
the operation, as above described. This method of ornamenting
glass. by stamping, blowing, and rolling, will have both a raised and
impressed surface which may represent figures. animals. landscapes.
or other ornamental design which may be raised to almost any height
and entirely depends upon the nature of the die or figured plates or
moulds employed. The raised or sunken portions of the design or

page_text: designs may be coloured or painted in their required colours, or stains
may be employed or the same may be cased. If the colours are desired
to be burnt in, they must be of a vitrifying and a fluxable nature, which
when fired in the usual way to a blood red or vitrifying heat will be
found to unite to the surface of the glass. Gold, silver, or other precious
metals may also be applied in order to enrich the surface or surfaces,
which may be cut or engraved and silvered if required.
The method we employ in producing the aforesaid metallic metal
dies, moulds, cylinders, rollers, figured plates, or casting beds that are
employed in both blowing, stamping, and rolling glass may be constructed
of fireproof clay or other material or materials, such as plaster of Paris,
gelatine, wax, or compressed sand or other composition, which may
either be in a fluid state and about the consistency of cream or in
powder. The designs can readily be taken from an impression made in
the clay or other composition or other materials from lace, muslin, or
other open woven plain or figured fabric, or cut or perforated on engraved
plates or paper or other material being laid upon a sheet of plate glass
or other material that is even that has received a coating of a strong
adhesive matter, which may either consist of shellac or spirit, varnish,
resin, or other adhesive materials. Great care must be taken to have
the lace, muslin, or any of the above-named materials firmly bedded to
the adhesive matter; it must then be left until sufficiently dry and hard,
when the whole of the surface may be floated over with gelatine or
wax, or plaster of Paris, or other composition in order to obtain the
exact impression from any of the above-named materials; when
sufliciently dry the gelatine or wax or plaster of Paris mould or cast is
removed carefully: the gelatine mould, bed, slabs, or casting beds or
cylinders, dies, and rollers, which may be in one, two, or more parts, thus
produced. the whole is floated over with plaster of Paris or like
composition of the required consistency, and when sufficiently hard a
correct impression of the design from the above-named gelatine or wax
is produced in plaster of Paris or such like composition or fireproof
clay. We then obtain the above-named impression in metal or other
alloy by taking the impression of the last-named composition mould or
cast, slab, bed, die, or cylinder or roller in sand by a moulder, and is cast
in the usual way in any metallic alloy or alloys, and afterwards the burr
or scale may be taken off or otherwise chased; this completes the raised
or embossed ornamental mould, figured plate, slab, bed. cylinder, die, or

page_text: roller, which may be employed in rolling, stamping, and blowing and
manufacturing plain and figured glass.
The method employed by us in rolling plain and figured glass is in
the arrangement and construction of the casting table upon which slabs
and sheets are cast or poured.
The way in which we proceed to carry this part of our Invention into
effect is as follows-The casting table is so arranged as to have a
movable or portable bed on which the molten glass is poured; this bed
may be so arranged as to work in a groove or true plane or slot, which
may have the assistance of friction pulleys or rollers which are fixed or
bolted underneath the bed, which may be supported on horizontal or
perpendicular metal supports; cavities may be cut or cast in the platform
on which the portable bed works and bolted underneath, or it may work
on a tramway with the assistance of grooved wheels, or it may work by
tooth and pinion or any other appliance. which action may be obtained
in the most convenient part or parts of the casting table so as to obtain
a backward and forward motion of the bed; the bed being drawn out
to its required destination; the bed is also arranged with sides and ends
the depth required, which may be governed according to the substance
of glass to be cast; these onds and sides may be bolted to the bed or all
or any part of them may work upon hinges so that the glass can readily
be removed from the moveable bed, or the whole may be cast in ono
piece, and in that case there would be required a groove or channel
formed by casting or cutting the substance of the metallic metal piece
to fit the whole of the bed, or it may be made to slide over the sides
nad ends of the casting bed so that it can be raised as above described.
The framework of the casting table does not require any description,
excepting our new modifications and appliances, which we place at the
end or in the centre or any part of the casting table. We bolt to the
framework a piece of metallic metal or steel which is planed perfectly
true and even on one or both sides, which may be any required width;
one side of the aforesaid metal is bevilled down and ground until its
edge is sharp to form a knife, which may be so arranged to rise and
fall from side to side of the inside of the casting bed by means of a
slot or a regulating or registering screw working through a female
screw on to the centre of the spring which is connected from side to side
of the casting bed, so by regulating the knife by the screw acting upon

page_text: the spring any substance of glass can be produced. The casting bed in
this case is portable so as to have a backward and forward motion, and
the above-named knife remains stationary which is in close connection
with the mouth of the hopper from whence the molten glass is poured,
which may be before or at the back of the knife. At that moment a
rapid motion is communicated to the portable bed in the reverse
direction to that of the cut of the knife, so that as the bed traverses, the
knife spreads out the molten glass all along the surface until the bed is
at its full destination, when the operation will cease until the finished
slab, plate, or sheet is removed, or it may be shunted away and another
bed employed during the time of the plate, slab, or sheet being removed
so as to save time. In case of the above-named knife destroying itself
by continually being hot, it may be made hollow so as to have a passage
through the same for cold air or water, which may be supplied from an
inlet and discharged from outlet pipes which are in connection with each
other, and which may be pumped in by steam power or otherwise in
order to keep it as cool as possible. If required a figured roller may also
be employed and placed a short distance from the knife, so that when the
knife has reduced the molten glass to its required substance, level and
even, as the bed recedes the same motion is communicated to the
figured roller so as to revolve round on to the surface of the molten
glass, so as to ornament it either with an impressed or raised surface,
which is guided according to the design that may be cut or cast as before
stated upon the surface of the roller, which must be worked by tooth
and pinion power in order to obtain an equal motion both to the bed
and roller, so as to produce an exact design upon the surface of the
molten glass. The same result may be effected by the knife and roller
working upon tooth and pinion rails and wheels, which must correspond
with each other so as to produce a backward and forward equal motion
to the roller and knife along the casting table. The surface of the
casting bed in this case is not ornamented as above described, but is
planed true and even and remains stationary. The bed may also be
provided with a piece of metal or steel, the length and width of the
casting bed or table, which is made to slide inside the casting bed in a
groove or plane which is formed similar to that of a knife by being
bevilled down at either end, so that as the bed recedes in motion
in one direction the lid is closing in the reverse as the molten glass is
reduced to its required substance, and also shuts out the cold element
until it gets to its destination, when it will be entirely closed and may

page_text: be left until sufficiently cool, and then the plate, sheet, or slab of glass is
removed. The construction of machine above stated may be employed
for other purposes.
The annexed Drawings represent a machine of the construction we
prefer to employ for the purpose. It is composed of a frame A of such
a size that the largest plate of glass to be manufactured may be spread
out upon the moveable table or bed B by the spreader or knife C, which
as the table is caused to move to and fro by means of the racks and
pinions D, E, the molten glass is reduced to the desired thickness. In
order to make the top side of the body of glass as smooth as possible in
this process the spreader is formed with knife edges to cut the glass as it
passes under it. The ends of the travelling bed are composed of hinged
flaps, so that they can be let down when the operation is completed to
enable the sheet of glass to be removed therefrom. The spreader is free
to work up and down in slots in the arms or spanner F which stretches
across the machine and support; the screw G attached to the central
portion of the spanner so that the spreader can be moved up and down
by it to regulate the thickness of the glass to be made. The screw G
is genred into by the threaded socket of the bevil pinion II, which receives
its motion from the pinion on the horizontal shaft 1. which is turned by
the gearing leading from the crank handle J. The upper part of the
frame is covered by flaps to prevent the entrance of cold air while the
glass is under treatment. Hinged flaps are likewise fitted to the ends
of the frame so that the bed can be brought to the extreme end of the
frame and the glass drawn on to the bed of a truck or carriage for
conveyance to the annealing furnace or for other purposes. Projecting
lips are formed on the front and back of the knife to prevent the glass
flowing over upon the sheet. We also transfer printed designs from
transfer paper to the surface or surfaces of glass or metal to be
embossed, the design being printed by means of stones, blocks, or metallic
engraved plates or otherwise with Brunswick black and printers' ink
mixed together in equal quantities of each other, and any required
quantity of pitch may also be mixed therewith, which is guided according
to the drying qualities or substance that may be required for various
purposes of printing, or printers' ink and gutta percha or wax or any com-
bination of the above-named materials. Where it is required we also
employ size or dryers or spirits in proper quantities to each or any two or
more of the above materials or ingredients that will resist the action of
fluoric acid. By these means the richest designs can be produced at a

page_text: employed for general primang purposes. We also protect the surface or
surfaces of silvered glass by the application of any of the aforesaid,
ground powder being applied over the surface of the silver, and by the
application of heat. As above described it will be found to adhere firmly
to the silver, which will be protected by these means and cannot give way
by the action of damp or otherwise.
:
The second part of our Invention consists in producing ornamental
designs or works of art upon glass, metal, wood or wood veneers,
prepared canvas, or other material or materials. We take a sheet of
transfer paper prepared with a loose ground, which ground may consist
of a composition of starch or other material or materials which will at
once dissolve or give way by the application of water or other moisture
being applied to the back of the paper. The surface of the starch or
other composition we cover with a coating or varnish or any suitable
waterproof material or materials which will not penetrate through the
starch or other composition; a coating of -size being laid on before the
varnish will prevent the varnish soaking into it or through it. In some
cases we give the varnish surface a sizeing over with size or gum, wax,
or any other material that will prevent the varnish sticking to the blocks,
stones, or metallic engraved plates during the printing operation, in
which state the transfer paper may be rolled or faced if required. We
print upon the ground or prepared surface of the transfer paper pictures,
designs, or works of art in mineral, or vegetable, or in metallic, fluxible,
or vitrifying or enamelling materials, coloured or not. The coloring
medium is mixed with the materials or ingredients according to. the
nature or the purpose for which they are required. This printing may
be accomplished by blocks, stones, or engraved metallic plates, or with
type in suitable printing presses, or in other methods of printing. We
take the paper printed as aforesaid and give it a coat of turpentine, or
shellac, or other varnish, oil, gum, or any other adhesive matter by means
of a camel hair brush. Having made the surface of the glass or sheet
iron or other metallic surface perfectly clean and free from dust, we give
it a coating with any of the above-named ingredients or adhesive matters.
We then lay the paper thus prepared on to the surface to be ornamented
in the position it is to remain. It may be rubbed down by the aid of the
land to exclude the air bubbles from between the design and the surface
to be ornamented, or a burnisher or pressure may be employed for the
"

page_text: purpose; by this means the design becomes firmly fixed on the surface.
It is then left to dry, and when sufliciently dry the back of the paper
may be moistened by a wet sponge, or it may be immersed in water in
order that the paper may be removed. The design, colored or not, is left.
upon the glass or on rolled sheet iron or other metallic surface, which
may then be placed upon a hot bed to evaporate the dampness from it
if required, which will fix the design firmly to the glass or other metallic
surface. In some cases the sheet iron or metallic surface should receive
an enamelled surface or otherwise fluxed over with a flux before or after
receiving the ornamental designs, as above described. It may then be
placed in a kiln or muflle and be heated to a blood red or vitrifying heat,
when the colors or stains will be found to unite to the glass or iron or
other suitable material that may be employed. The kiln is opened when
sufficiently cool and the glass or metallic plates removed. The same
application of enamelling and enamelling kilns in present use are appli-
cable to this purpose, both in iron and glass. This method of ornament-
ing glass or iron or other metallic plates can be produced at a small cost,
and will have a richness and brilliancy of colour which will be found
extremely useful for windows of churches, panels of doors and rooms, and
for cabinet. and other purposes of decoration, and signs, and may be
employed for every description of advertising and other useful purposes.
'The glass may be silvered for ornamental purposes generally if required.
The third part of our Invention consists in preparing the surface or
surfaces of sheet iron or metallic plates to receive the enamelling medium,
or a composition or compositions of a water or fire proof nature for the
prevention against. fire, or the same may be tinned or galvanized for the
prevention against oxydation or corrosion destroying the metallic metal
or alloys of metal thus employed. By cutting or rolling it by means of
cut rollers, which may be employed in combination with plain rollers
if required during the operation of rolling, the sheet iron or steel or
sheets of metallic metal or alloys of metal, which may either be operated
upon in a heated or cool state, in order that fine or coarse hollows of
recesses or channels or indentations can be produced upon the bare
surface of the sheet iron or other metallic metal or alloys to the depth
required, which entirely depends upon the manner the roller or rollers
is or are cut or cast and the substance of the sheet iron or metallic plate.
If only one side of the sheet iron or metallic plate is required to undergo
this operation it is passed between two rollers, which are regulated
according to the substance of the sheet iron or metallic plate, one roller

page_text: This dic can be made
sheets of iron or other
being cut and the other smooth and even. The sheet iron or metallic
plate is passed through the rollers, which can readily be effected by the
present machinery employed in iron works and mills; and if both sides
of the sheet iron or other metallic surface are required as above described
the operation may be repeated on the other side of the metal plate, or the
cut or cast rollers may be employed for this purpose if required working
iogether, or dies and chisels or other contrivances may also be employed.
The dies we employ may either be cast in or cut or planed out of a stout
piece of metal, which may consist wholly or partly of steel or other
metallic metal or alloy, which forms the dic.
to correspond to the length and width of the
metallic metal. The die is then placed in a hydraulic or other suitable
press; the metallic metal plate may be produced by rolling it to give it
an even surface; it then may be placed upon the die either heated or in
cold state, and the press instantly closed with sufficient force to obtain
the impression from the die to the aforesaid sheets or surfaces of metallic
metal. The press is then opened and the metallic plate removed and
ready for the operation to be continued, or the cavities or recesses may
be cut in the bare surface of the sheets of iron or other metallic metal
in a planing machine by means of any given number of chisels working
at one and the same time, or an iron or steel plane cut according to the
cavities or recesses to be produced or the same may be passed into a
punching press with a suflicient action on the punches to avoid 'the
punches passing through the metal so as only to form small cavities or
recesses or indentations on the surface of the iron or other metallic
metal. This operation can also be achieved in the manufacture of the
iron or steel by hammering the metal in the usual way. Instead of the
surface of the head of the hammer being plain it is cut or cast with a
raised and impressed surface, so as when the hammer falls upon the
surface of of the iron both hollows or recesses and cavities can readily be
produced by the motion of the hammer upon the iron the depth required.
This description of metallic metal will be extremely useful for enamelling
purposes generally and for the sides and bottoms of ships; the same may
be tinned, galvanised. or otherwise plated. and may be employed in the
manufacture of tin ware and for other useful purposes when it can be
applied with advantage. Plates or vessels of capacity may be cast with
fine or coarse hollows and recesses or fine impressed or rough surfaces
upon the metal. By thus treating the metal it will be found that the
enamels or compositions employed cannot scale or chip from the surface

page_text: of the above-named metal, which may either be fused by the action of
great heat in a kiln or muffle on the above-named metal or otherwise,
which is treated according to the nature of the enamel or enamels or
compositions employed. We also coat, by dipping or otherwise, the above-
named proposed metallic surface or surfaces into any desired clay, as an
absorbent, which may be produced from ground and pounded flint stone
or rock which may be of a vitrifying or fusible nature, and may be pro-
duced from Winstones or Winstone rock, which contains both iron and
glass, and in combination with any required enamel or glaze, which quan-
tities entirely depends upon the nature of the various substances that are
employed, which does not require any description, or any required enamel
may be used alone, so as to enamel or fill up the hollows or recesses and
produce an even surface on the above-named sheet or gast iron. The clay
or other absorbent of an enamelling medium may posses animal, mineral.
or vegetable matter in the body of the material or the colors employed
in combination therewith. The metal is then fired in a similar
manner to firing china or earthenware or enamelled iron or metal;
the surface may then receive its plain printed or colored enamelled
design, and may either be glazed or enamelled before or after receiving
the printed or transferred designs. The colors employed are of the
same nature as those employed by china and glass manufacturers.
This method of enamelling upon the above-named metallic surfaces,
which may either be cast, or the same may be pressed out of the above-
named sheet iron, which will be found extremely useful for signs and
advertizing purposes, and for plates, dishes, and other vessels of capacity.
also for floors and walls of bath rooms, and may be employed for gas sand
water pipes and other useful purposes. The plates or vessels may also be
cast with a raised or impressed surface, so that raised figures, animals, or
other ornamental designs of any given height from the level surface of
the metal can be readily produced, which may be coated over with any
required enamel; or vitrifying or enamelling colors may be applied to the
above-named raised figured surface by the means of camel hair or other
brushes in their required color or colors according to the nature of the
design that may be upon the metal. Gold, silver, or other precious
metals may also be applied in order to enrich the same, and after
receiving the coloring and enamelling medium it is placed in a kiln as
before described until the enamel and colors are wholly blended on the
surface of the metal or enamel, and may be employed for panels and
ornaments, and for. decorations and other ornamental and architectural
ԹԻ

page_text: purposes, also in producing signs and plates for advertising and other
purposes, which may be produced with a raised surface of letters and
figures and other embellishments by placing type in the usual way,
which is entirely arranged according to the nature of the advertizing
sign or plate required, and arranged with various sized letters. This
being effected an alloy of metal, or plaster of Paris, or aquatinta, or
other composition may be poured over the whole to obtain a full and
correct impression from, which will form a mould or stereotype plate
or cast, when a correct impression can be obtained in sand from the
above in the usual way, and the metal is poured over the whole, which
will obtain the impression, which may then be cleansed: it then may be
enamelled to any desired color, as the ground and the letters and
figures may be required to be painted in various enamelled colors upon
the surface of the enamel or before receiving the enamelled ground, as
above described.
The aforesaid plates or vessels may be lustred if required. This
is effected by dipping or coating the metal in any desired clay or an
enamel made to a consistency for the purpose, and glazed before or
afterwards as desired. The oxides used to produce the lustre are
preferably of gold, platinum, but other oxides may be employed if
practicable for this purpose. The oxides may be mixed with rarefied oil
of amber or other essential oil. The fluid is brushed over the surface
of the above-named plates or vessels of capacity, and when sufficiently
dry they may be placed in a kiln or muffel. By being carefully fired
therein the oxygen is dispersed, and a brilliancy will be produced
almost equal to its primitive brilliancy; it may be employed as reflectors
of artificial or natural light, or for other purposes where it can be
applied with advantage. Sometimes ornaments may be required on the
above-named surfaces. For this purpose a thick fluid of soot or lamp-
black is laid upon the article with brushes according to the design, so
that gold, silver, or other ornaments may be produced upon the surfaces
by removing the above black.
We also manufacture male and female letters and figures, which
may be pressed out of plain or prepared or perforated sheet iron, or our
new improved rolled sheet iron, with cavities or recesses thereon. by the
means of dies or cutters or other convenient apparatus, which may be
plain or ornamented, which entirely depends upon the die or dies or
cutters thus employed; and after this operation they may afterwards

page_text: be enamelled in white or any desired color or colors and gilded or
otherwise to enrich the same, or operated upon as above described.
These letters will be found extremely light and durable, as neither
climate nor atmosphere nor damp cannot affect them. The same may
be perforated if required in order that when they are placed upon
windows with a transparent cement or composition they will not
obstruct the light, but when the letters are required to be opaque they
may be attached to any surface by incans of screws or metal fastenings,
or wax, or any composition that may be best adapted for this purpose.
The above-named enamel or enamels are of a vitrifying nature, and
are fused upon the surface of the metallic metal by the action of great
heat.
We also employ a paint of composition for the prevention against.
damp or oxidation destroying the iron or metallic metal, which is of a
new combination, and consists of two pounds of coal or gas tar, one
pound of resin, and one pound of gutta percha. By employing more or
less of the gutta percha it will be found to retain greater durability
and elasticity, and Burgundy pitch or bitumen, which is added according
to the hardness of the composition that may be required; these are
dissolved together by a moderate heat or otherwise, and well agitated to
cause the aforesaid materials to blend together. If the composition is
required in a more or less fluid state naphtha or turpentine may be
employed until the whole is sufficiently liquefied, and in some cases a
proportionate quantity of ground cotton fibre or cow hair may be mixed
therewith in order to render the composition more adhesive. Red or
white lead or other pigments may be employed in order to color the
same, and the same may be rolled upon any desired fabric in order to
waterproof and strengthen the same. The composition is applicable to
other purposes. This composition must in most cases be used in a hot
state, and the surface may receive a coating of chalk before it is
applied in order to cause it to adhere firmly to the surface if
required.
The fourth part of our Invention relates to the ornamentation of the
surface of canvas prepared with paint or other composition in order
to give it a waterproof and fine surface. We employ the colors and inks
ordinarily used by lithographers and letter-press printers by printing
on transfer paper or otherwise, assisted by gold, silver, bronze, or other
metallic alloy, either in the leaf, or liquid, or powdered state. We take

page_text: a print or impression printed upon the transfer paper as above described,
and give it a coating of varnish or other waterproof or adhesive matter;
we then take a piece of the prepared canvas and give it a brush over
with the same or a similar varnish or other adhesive matter on the
prepared side; if required we then place the printed face to the prepared
surface and rub it down so as to cause it to unite firmly to the surface.
By means of a burnisher or by pressure it may be pressed between
rollers or placed underneath a press, which may be heated or not, by
which means the print or design becomes firmly fixed to the prepared
surface of the canvas. It is allowed to remain until sufliciently dry, when
it is removed, and may then be stretched and fitted in a stretching frame
if intended for a picture or sign or for advertising or other purposes.
The paper then may be damped with water or any other fluid by a sponge
or immersed therein in order to remove the paper therefrom, leaving
the design and colors or impression upon the surface of the canvas.
The same result. may be effected by transferring water colored drawings,
engravings, or outlines of any design or letter-press printing to the
surface of the prepared canvas. Pictures and designs of the richest style
can be produced for every description of ornamental and advertizing
purposes, which may be embellished with gold, silver, or other alloy if
required. The above process may be readily applied on the surface of
wood veneers for cabinet work and other similar and ornamental and
useful purposes.
The fifth part of our Invention consists in ornamenting wood veneers
by embossing and perforating the same in plain and figured designs
by the employment of dies or cut or cast rollers or perforating
machinery, and also by the application of perforated metallic metal or
other plates which are not readily affected by the acids, stains, or dyes as
are found best adapted for such purposes; such metallic metal or alloy
may wholly or partially consist of silver, gold, platinum, lead, or other
material that cannot be affected by the action of the acids, stains, or
dyes that we employ. The dyes, acids, or stains may be applied through
the cuts, cavities, cr perforations of the aforesaid metallic plates while
passing between rollers or over a large drum or cylinder in a similar
manner to that employed in printing, and the same application and
appliances will be applicable to this purpose and needs no description;
or the same operation can be readily effected by laying the veneer on
a travelling bed which may have a backward and forward motion moved

page_text: by the same or a similar contrivance to that known as "Baker's" patent
mangle, or it may be effected by other mechanical means. The acids
we employ may be sulphuric acid, aquafortis, nitric acid, or any other
acid or acids, either mixed together or alone, or by the application
of mineral or vegetable dyes or inks or colors which will be found to
penetrate on or into the pores or fibre of the word. By this method
of printing in type upon vencers before or after receiving its intended
colored or composition ground, which will be found extremely useful
for advertising and other purposes when laid upon wood or other surface
in order to strengthen the same with diluted glue in the usual way as
veneers are laid, and by the application of the aforesaid metal plates,
ornamental and coloured designs can be produced upon the above
named surface of veneer, which may be employed for cabinets and other
useful purposes. This method of printing, as above described, in this
case we take one of the aforesaid cut or perforated metallic plates, and
lay upon one side a piece of woollen, cloth, leather, or other material
the exact length and width required, and cause it to adhere to the same
by pressure by the means of any desired composition, we then take the
length or piece of veneer and lay it upon the bed, then we take the
aforesaid prepared cut plate and place it on the vencer. the metal side
to the veneer, then we give the flannel or other fabric that will imbibe
moisture a coating of any of the aforesaid acids, dyes, inks, or colours
with a brush or other means, then lay over the same a piece of any
desired material which is not porous, great pressure being then applied,
the aforesaid acids or other material will be found to penetrate from
the fabric or metal through the cuts or cavities or, the perforations
leaving the design upon the surface of the veneer. One, two, or any given
number can be operated on at one and at the same time if required.
For some purposes we manufacture the vencers from wood sawings,
bone or ivory dust, being reduced to a very fine powder and mixed
with solvents and treated according to the nature of the above named
ground materials. When we employ wood sawings they may be mixed
with size, pitch, cannel coal, rosin, tar or other adhesive matter and
boiled together or otherwise mixed by heat or agitation or otherwise, a
sufficient proportion of any of the above-named solvents are mixed
therewith in order to reduce it to its required consistency, it can then
be rolled out into lengths or sheets of the thickness required. The
matters above named may have colours mixed with them before being
rolled out into sheets or lengths or afterwards as required.

page_text: When we employ ivory or bone dust, which is powdered very fine,
and mixed with various solvents in proportional quantities and
treated as follows, we take two pounds of gelatine, and add one
pound of finely powdered bone or ivory when the gelatine is in a
melted state, and eight ounces of phosphate, lime, or plaster of Paris.
The lime hardens the composition, and the more there is employed the
harder it is, and the whole may be treated in a cylinder to any required
temperature, and afterwards rolled in order to amalgamate the whole
into a substance; it then may be placed on metallic plates or figured
dies or moulds, and closed together and placed in a press, which may be
heated from 200° to 300° Fahrenheit, and great power is applied to the
press, or it may be placed in a kiln or muffle, which reduces the above-
named composition into a solid substance, or the same may be rolled
out into sheets, or rectangular plates are employed which are formed
with a ledge all round in order to keep the composition in its place.
The lid works in a perpendicular direction so as to have a rising and
falling motion, which works inside the ledge, so as any required amount
of pressure may be applied to reduce the composition into a solid sheet
as above described. These plates may either be cut or cast with any
desired ornamented surface, which may be employed for panneling,
and cabinet and other ornamental and architectural purpose. These
dies may be polished in order to obtain a fine surface, or the aforesaid
material may be rolled upon the figured or plain metallic beds. or
operated upon as described in the second part of this Specification.
We also employ the use of various solvents or compositions, such as
plaster of Paris, shellac or other varnish, drying oils, or spirits in
proportionate quantities according to the consistency that may be
required; for example, we take 3 ounces or more of plaster of Paris
which has been previously boiled with linseed or any required oil or
spirit added to form a paste, 3 ounces of red or white lead or zinc
white, and one ounce of dryers in 14 ounces of linseed or any desired
oil or spirit, which may consist wholly or partly of each other, and six
ounces of ivory or bone dust, which may be applied according to the
consistency of the composition required for various purposes, and may
be treated as before described. In some cases a small portion of ground
fibre may be employed with the above-named composition if required.
This composition may be varied in colour and dyed before or after being
manufactured, and where we employ the use of animal and mineral

page_text: materials in the state of powder, such material to consist of refuse
skivings or leather cuttings or old leather, being torn up and reduced
to a fine powder, we take three pound by weight of indian-rubber, which
is dissolved in one gallon of naphtha, and then add four pounds of the
above-named ground powder; according to the consistency required more
or less may be employed, or a proportionate quantity of cork may be
added, which may be heated to any required degree of heat in cylinders,
and undergo a similar operation to that of indian-rubber and gutta percha.
and rolled out into lengths or sheets the thickness required, and may also
be rolled upon any desired fabric in order to fill up the meshes, and may
be rolled over with any desired varnish or colour for waterproofing the
same. The aforesaid material or materials will be found extremely useful
in the manufacture of boots and shoes, and is applicable to other purposes.
We also manufacture a material by mixing the aforesaid ground
leather with mineral or vegetable powders, that is to say, we take 5
pounds of ground leather, adding from 2 to 3 pounds of powdered emery,
rottenstone, or other mineral or vegetable polishing material to one gallon
of olive, or sweet, or neatsfoot, or any other animal, mineral, or vegetable
oil which may be best for the purpose, which is boiled together and heated
in cylinders to any required heat, and then rolled out into lengths and
sheets the thickness required. A proportionate quantity of cork or
ground fibre may also be added to this composition if required, and when
manufactured may be employed for knife boards and other polishing
and useful purpose; or the above-named ground leather may be mixed
with size and ground rags in equal or required quantity in order to
form a pulp, which may be placed in a vat or rolled and manufactured
into lengths or sheets by the present machinery employed by paper
manufacturers, and may afterwards be rolled over with varnish or other
waterproofing combination, which may be coloured if required and may
be employed for upholstering and other useful purposes.
We also employ perforated metallic plates or strips or vencers per-
forated in plain or figured designs. We then cover up one side of the
aforesaid metallic metal by sticking upon the surface a layer of paper
or other material in order to avoid anything penetrating through; we
then fill up all the perforations or cuts by applying over the entire
surface a composition which may consist of bone and ivory dust or wood
sawings or other material or composition, which is treated or may be
varied as above described, and any materials or other compositions may

page_text: be employed for this purpose. It then may be rolled or a great pressure
may be applied, which may be heated to any desired degree of heat if
required, so as to make it firm and give an even surface to the same;
then the paper on the reverse side or surface may be taken away from
the metal or veneer, which will have a rich appearance, and will imitate
marqueteire or inlaid work, and will be found extremely useful for
cabinet and other purposes. The same result may also be effected in
ornamenting metals by perforating one piece or sheet of metal, and then
applying through the same cuts or perforations the dust of various other
metals or alloys; it then may be rolled level and even, which will leave
the design a different colour, or may be of a more precious metal than
that of the ground, say silver, or gold, or brass, or other metallic alloy
or alloys, or silver, which will have two distinct appearances, or a piece
or a sheet of plain metallic metal may be rolled on the surface of a
perforated piece or sheet of metallic metal which may be of a different.
alloy and colour, which will offer a very handsome appearance and will
imitate mosaic work, and may be readily applied to other manufacturing
and useful purposes.
And having now described the nature of our said Invention, and
the mode or modes of performing the same, we would have it understood
that we do not confine ourselves to the details herein described, su
long as the peculiar character of each part of our Invention be
retained; but what we claim as the improvements as herein set forth is
as follows:
Firstly. Embossing the surface or surfaces of glass and metal, the
method, materials, ingredients, machinery, and apparatus employed
therein, and the construction of moulds, dies, cylinders, rollers, casting
bed, and slabs, which are produced from the material or materials by the
aid of various compositions and adhesive matter or fluid, and afterwards
produced in metal by casting, and which may be employed in the
manufacture of glass by rolling, stamping, and blowing, and also in
the construction of casting tables as herein described, and in the
arrangement for producing slabs, plates or sheets and other articles of
glass from molten glass, and the machinery and apparatus for producing
the same; we also desire to protect the surface or surfaces of silvered
glass, and the materials employed thereto.
Secondly. Producing ornamental designs or works of art upon glass.
metal. and wood veneers, prepared canvas, or other material or

page_text: materials, and the materials and ingredients and adhesive materials and
compositions employed as described, and the means and apparatus for
transferring pictures, prints, engravings, water-coloured drawings, and
letter-press printing for ornamental and useful purposes to any one of
the above-named surfaces, and the colour and enamels and ink employed
for producing the same.
Thirdly. Preparing the surface or surfaces of sheet iron or metallic
plates to receive the enamelling medium and compositions and other
materials, and raising and pressing out the same by means of plain or
figured dies, rollers, or other apparatus required for producing the same
(or the same may be cast): also in dipping, enamelling, lustering, and
the colours and materials employed to colour the same and for enamel-
ling sheet iron letters and figure, and pressing out the same by the means
of dies or other contrivances, as described in carrying this part of our
Invention into effect.
Fourthly. Ornamenting wood veneers by embossing and perforating
the same as described; the use of dyes, ink, acids, and stains, and
producing wood veneer and other materials from various powdered
materials, and mixed and treated with the combinations and ingredients
and materials according to the nature of the powder or powders employed,
and their application to various purposes, and for rolling upon the
surface or surfaces of cut or perforated metallic plates various powdered
alloy or alloys as herein described.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Wilkinson and Mark
Boss, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
day
of November. One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.