IMPROVEMENTS IN TIE AND CORE METAL FOR COMBINATION WITH AND IN COMBINING THE SAME WITH PLASTIC MATERIALS AND CONCRETES FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS AND WALKING SURFACES, THE SAME IN SOME CASES BEING SET WITH GLASSES FOR TRANSMITTING LIGHT."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thaddeus Hyatt, of 21, Addison Gardens, N., London,
in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturer of Lens Lights, for an Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TIE AND CORE METAL FOR COMBINATION WITH AND
IN COMBINING THE SAME WITH PLASTIC MATERIALS AND CONCRETES FOR
USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS AND WALKING SURFACES, THE
SAME IN SOME CASES BEING SET WITH GLASSES FOR TRANSMITTING LIGHT."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thaddeus Hyatt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th August 1880.
THADDEUS HYATT, of 21, Addison Gardens, N., London, in the County of
Middlesex, Manufacturer of Lens Lights. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TIE AND CORE
METAL FOR COMBINATION WITH AND IN COMBINING THE SAME WITH PLASTIC
MATERIALS AND CONCRETES FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS AND
WALKING SURFACES, THE SAME IN SOME CASES BEING SET WITH GLASSES FOR
TRANSMITTING LIGHT."
The corrugated sheet iron hitherto employed with concrete for making fireproof
floors, being smooth upon its under side, and without holding power for retaining
fireproof plastic to protect it, has proved useless as a means of making genuine
fireproof floors. The object of my Invention is to remedy this defect, and at the
same time to add the tensile strength of the metal to the concrete. My Invention
has for its object also the making of dry fireproof plates, sheets, and slabs for
building and paving purposes. My improvement in the metal sheets consists of
preference in first crimping the metal by any well known means into fine plaits,
similar to those of a ruffled shirt bosom or ladies' collar or cuff. This plaited sheet
of metal I then corrugate by suitable rollers or otherwise into folds or corrugations,
the sides of which are either perpendicular, or slope inwards in a reverse way to
those of ordinary corrugated sheets, thus producing wedge shaped or retaining
channels; a part of my Invention consisting in some cases in forming the metal
with two or more ranges of such channels of varying depth, the holding power of
the largest and deepest upon the under or ceiling face of the sheet having reference
to the plastic facing thereupon as a whole, while those of less depth that are formed
upon the flat face of the metal between the larger ones are designed to guarantee
the holding of the plastic facing at those points, a part of my Invention consisting
in making the aforesaid crimped and corrugated plates of tin or other sheet metal,
гр

page_text: procurable in lighter and thinner form than ordinary sheet iron. According to
another part of my Invention, my improvement consists in making corrugated tie
and core metal of perforated sheet metal, in which case the shape of the corrugations
becomes less important than when smooth sheets are employed. Another part of
my Invention consists in rounding the angles of the corrugations, to render the
cement and concrete filling stronger at those points. Another part of
my Invention
consists of corrugated metal sheets, as herein described, which I propose to put upon
the market as a new manufacture, both in naked metal form, and also when covered
with plastic material in the form of dry cement and concrete sheets, plates, and
slabs to be employed for roofing purposes, for covering the sides of houses, and as a
flagging and tiling material for paving the footways of streets, courts, vestibules,
halls, and other places; the plastic face for such purposes being in some cases inlaid
with colored or other ornamenting materials, or moulded to imitate ornamental
roofing tiles. Where light is required, a range of holes is made in one or more of
the channels of the corrugated sheet, which holes are then covered over with glasses
that are held in position by the cement or concrete filling put into the channel.
When to be used as a lathing for partitions and ceilings, I propose to employ sheets
of tin or zinc, such as is ordinarily employed for roofing purposes, the same being
corrugated as aforesaid. These corrugated metal sheets herein above described may
be employed advantageously as a covering for iron and wood columns to protect
them from fire; also to make fireproof doors and window shutters, and for other
useful purposes.
The following are the points of novelty which I consider my Invention to
possess, viz. 1st, making corrugated metal sheets of a material previously crimped,
as herein above described; 2nd, combining corrugated metal with concrete by such
a method of union as causes the two to act in concert as one, producing thereby
beam strength, the concrete resisting crushing strains under a bending stress in
unison with the metal, which at the same time resists the tensile strains; 3rd, com-
bining corrugated metal sheets as aforesaid with cement and concretes, in manner and
for the purposes herein described in the form of dry sheathing or covering plates as
a merchantable article and new manufacture; 4th, combining glasses for illumi-
nating purposes with metal sheets corrugated as aforesaid; 5th, making tin and
zinc corrugated metal sheets in manner aforesaid, for application as lathing to
partitions and ceilings; 6th, rounding or curving the angles or corners of the
corrugations of corrugated metal sheets, as herein described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Thaddeus Hyatt in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3rd
February 1881.
THADDEUS HYATT, of 21, Addison Gardens, N., Kensington, London, in the
County of Middlesex, Inventor. * IMPROVEMENTS IN TIE AND CORE METAL FOR
COMBINATION WITH AND IN COMBINING THE SAME WITH PLASTIC MATERIALS AND
CONCRETES FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS AND WALKING
SURFACES, THE SAME IN SOME CASES BEING SET WITH GLASSES FOR TRANSMITTING
LIGHT."
The corrugated sheet iron hitherto employed with concrete for making fireproof
floors and roofs (usually applied in arch form between the beams) being smooth

page_text: upon its under side, and without holding power for retaining fireproof plastic
material to protect it, has proved useless as a means of making genuine fireproof
constructions. The object of my Invention is, first, to remedy this defect by means
of a retaining under face on the metal capable of holding fireproof material, and,
secondly, when the metal is not arched, but employed in flat sheets, to utilize the
tensile strength of the metal with the concrete to obtain beam strength. My
Invention has likewise for its object the making of dry fireproof plates, sheets, and
slabs for building and paving purposes, composed of the aforesaid corrugated sheets
and plastic materials. My improvement in the metal sheets consists advantageously
in first roughening or crimping the metal by any well known means; this roughened
or crimped sheet metal I then shape by suitable rollers or otherwise into folds or
corrugations, the sides of which may then be either perpendicular or slope inwards,
in the latter case forming wedge-shaped retaining channels for producing a "bite"
upon the material or concrete to bind and cause the two to act together, cross
wires at from two to three inches apart being added when thought desirable.
Figure I. represents a sheet of metal as it appears after being crimped, and before
being corrugated, and Figure VII. represents the corrugated sheet made from it.
It is apparent that the less the width of the flat metal between the channels on the
under side of the sheet, the greater will be the number of channels and consequent
holding power upon the filling; the ability of the under face of the metal to hold
fast the plastic material being proportioned to the number of channels. A part of
my Invention therefore consists in reducing to a minimum the flat or non-holding
part of the metal between the channels on the under side of the sheet. Figure II.
shews the method I prefer for sheets designed as tie metal, and Figure III. shews
the method I prefer for sheets designed as lathing for ceilings and partitions. A
part of my Invention consists in making of tin or zinc the corrugated sheets
designed for lathing purposes. A part of my Invention also consists in rounding
the angles of the corrugations, as shewn at A, A, Figure IV., for the double purpose
of lessening the danger of cracking the metal during the corrugating process, and
the liability of the under facing of plaster or cement from cracking at those points.
Applied to the making of doors, window-shutters, and partitions, my Invention
consists in making them of solid fire-resisting cements, material, or concretes
moulded or formed upon and within the corrugations by a coating put upon the
metal in a plastic condition upon both sides of the sheet, the metal being advan-
tageously located at the centre of the thickness of the construction. Applied to the
making of floors, roofs, and load bearing structures, my Invention, where the
combination is designed to produce beam strength, consists in combining a top
layer of concrete or material with the corrugated sheet of metal, the material under
these circumstances being employed to resist crushing strains in concert with the
metal sheet as tie metal to resist tensile strains. Figures V. and VIII. illustrate
this part of my Invention, Figure V. being an end view, and Figure VIII. an
isometrical representation of the sheet between beams, as laid in making the
structures aforesaid of flat sheets. A, A, (Figure V.) represents the top layer of
concrete; B, B, the corrugated sheet of tie metal, and C, C, the under or ceiling face
composed of plaster of Paris, concrete, or other fire resisting material designed to
give protection to the metal. When the common or arch form of making fireproof
structures is adopted, the corrugated flat sheets of metal may be bent into arch form
by first filling the channels thereof with wood or other material, and then passing
the sheets between rollers in the manner of bending metal for ship building.
Figure IX. is an isometrical view of an arched construction between beams.
Another part of my Invention consists in the manufacture of dry building and
paving plates, sheets, tiles, and slabs made by combining any suitable cement,
material, or concrete with either the flat or arched corrugated sheets herein above
described, put as a facing upon either one or both sides of the corrugated sheet, and
left to become hard and dry for sale as merchantable articles fit for immediate
application to the construction of floors, roofs, ceilings, partitions, and walking
surfaces, the same when required being ornamented by colored or other inlays let

page_text: into the face of the sheet, slab, or tile, and in some cases inlaid with glasses for
transmitting light, light holes being made in the metal sheet underneath the glasses
for this purpose, as shewn in Figure VI., where D, D, represents the corrugated
sheet, and d, d, the light holes or perforations; E, E, being the glasses, and C, C,
the cement, concrete, or material which holds them within the channels where the
glasses are placed, the filling rising above the tops of the corrugations to the level
of the glasses, which advantageously are made of greater depth than the thickness
of the corrugations.
Having thus fully described my Invention, what I claim and desire to secure by
Letters Patent is,-
1st. Making corrugated metal sheets of material previously crimped or roughened,
substantially as and for the purposes herein described and illustrated by my
Drawings.
2ndly. Making corrugated metal sheets with a minimum of metal between the
channels upon the under face of the sheet, substantially as and for the purposes
herein described and illustrated by my Drawings.
3rdly. Making corrugated metal sheets with wedge shaped or dove tailing
channels formed with rounded edges at the angles, substantially as and for the
purposes herein described and illustrated by my Drawings.
4thly. Making fire-resisting solid doors, window-shutters, partitions, and ceilings
by the use of the aforesaid corrugated sheet metal employed as a lathing or core in
combination with cements, concretes, or material, substantially as and for the
purposes herein described.
5thly. Making floors, roofs, and load bearing structures by means of corrugated
flat metal sheets as tie or core metal, combined with concrete or material to resist
crushing strains for beam strength, substantially as and for the purposes herein
described and illustrated by my Drawings.
6thly. Making floors, roofs, and load-bearing structures by means of corrugated
arched metal sheets combined with concrete, substantially as and for the purposes
herein described and illustrated by my Drawings.
7thly. Making dry building and paving plates, sheets, slabs, and tiles, substan-
tially as and for the purposes herein described.
8thly. Combining glasses for transmission of light with corrugated metal sheets
combined with cements, concretes, or material, substantially as and for the purposes
herein described and illustrated by my Drawings.
9thly. Making corrugated sheet metal lathing of tin or zinc as a new manufacture,
substantially as and for the purposes herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thaddeus Hyatt, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this 2nd day of February, in the year our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty one.
THADDEUS HYATT. (L.S.)