An Improved System of Heating, Drying, and Ventilating.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Dec., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 14th Sept., 1893-Accepted, 9th Dec., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved System of Heating, Drying, and Ventilating.
We JOHN LANGFIELD and RICHARD BOARDMAN SHARPLES both of
10 Exchange Buildings St. Marys Gate Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Heating and Ventilating Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an improved system applicable principally to the
heating and drying of the atmosphere in rooms or chambers used for drying
porcelain, terra cotta, earthenware, fabrics, yarns or other goods, and keeping
the same thoroughly ventilated whereby the said articles are perfectly dried and
all moisture gradually withdrawn, without being subjected to the action of cold
air or draughts, by the constant circulation of warm dry air.
The same system is also applicable to the warming and ventilation of hospital
wards, surgical operating rooms churches schools theatres and other apartments
or buildings wherein carbonic acid or other deleterious gases heavier than the
atmosphere are likely to be present.
The usual method of heating drying and ventilating such rooms, apartments, or
buildings is by introducing the warm air at or near the floor level and making
the vent or opening for the escape of the same at or near the ceiling or top
of the apartment, whereby a constant current of air from the entrance to the
exit is set up and the heated air and light gases escape from the upper part
of the apartment or building, and moist vapors, and deleterious gases such as
carbonic acid being heavier than the heated air will remain in a stagnant state
in the lower part of the room or building, and the ventilation and heating is
hence very imperfect and the drying of the atmosphere and of any goods or
articles therein is very irregular, which for such articles as china terra cotta
porcelain and other earthenware causes injury and destruction of the goods and
consequently great commercial loss.
According to my improved system I employ a hot air stove or other means
for supplying hot air to the chamber or building at or near the floor-level at
one end thereof, but I have no exit opening or openings at or near the ceiling
as usually practised.
Instead of this at the other end of the chamber or building at about a foot
or so (more or less) from the floor level (or preferably in the floor itself) I
arrange an exit opening or openings leading to a ventilating shaft or chimney;
when the exit opening is in the floor itself I prefer to provide it with a grid
which forms the top of a syphon box passing beneath the floor level a short
distance and then turning upwards into the ventilating shaft. The effect of
this arrangement is as follows: the pure hot air admitted at one end of the
apartment from the hot air stove or other means for supplying pure hot dry
air immediately expands and rises to the ceiling or roof where it commences to
accumulate gradually taking the place of and driving or pressing downwards the
cold air, and all air laden with moisture and all deleterious gases which will be
heavier than the heated atmosphere and which will be driven out by the
descending level of the heated air which thus gradually fills the apartment (like
an inverted reservoir) until it reaches the upper edge of the exit opening or
openings through which it will then commence to pass out horizontally into the
ventilating shaft, and to draw all heavy vapors and gases from the floor level
with it without creating any draught or appreciable current although a constant
circulation of warm air is kept up.

page_text: The room or apartment may now be heated up to any required degree
without producing any apparent draught even at the outlet opening or openings
although the atmosphere of the chamber or apartment is constantly changed
and renewed in proportion to the degree of hot air admitted and a strong
draught will be formed in the ventilating shaft itself, without the aid of a fan
or other mechanical appliance.
Dated this 14th day of December 1892.
GEO. DAVIES & SON,
4, St. Ann's Square, Manchester, Agents for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved System of Heating, Drying, and Ventilating.
We JOHN LANGFIELD and RICHARD BOARDMAN SHARPLES both of
10 Exchange Buildings St. Marys Gate Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Heating and Ventilating Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:―
This invention relates to an improved system applicable principally to the
heating and drying of the atmosphere in rooms or chambers used for drying
porcelain, terra cotta earthenware, fabrics, yarns or other goods, and keeping the
same thoroughly ventilated whereby the said articles are perfectly dried and all
moisture gradually withdrawn, without being subjected to the action of cold air or
draughts, by the constant circulation of warm dry air.
The same system is also applicable to the warming and ventilation of hospital
wards, surgical operating rooms churches schools theatres and other apartments or
buildings wherein carbonic acid or other deleterious gases heavier than the
atmosphere are likely to be present.
The usual method of heating drying and ventilating such rooms, apartments or
buildings is by introducing the warm air at or near the floor level and making the
vent or opening for the escape of the same at or near the ceiling or top of the
apartment, whereby a constant current of air from the entrance to the exit is set up
and the heated air and light gases escape from the upper part of the apartment or
building, and moist vapors, and deleterious gases such as carbonic acid being
heavier than the heated air will remain in a stagnant state in the lower part of the
room or building, and the ventilation and heating is hence very imperfect and
the drying of the atmosphere and of any goods or articles therein is very irregular,
which for such articles as china terra cotta porcelain and other earthenware
causes injury and destruction of the goods and consequently great commercial
loss.
The nature of our said invention and the manner in which the same is to be
performed or carried into practical effect will be readily understood on reference
to the drawing hereunto annexed and the following explanation thereof.
The drawing represents a vertical section of a room or apartment showing the
application of our invention thereto. a is the floor line, the ceiling line and c the
walls.
According to our improved system we employ a hot air stove or other means for
supplying hot air to the chamber or building at or near the floor level at one end
thereof, d being the inlet opening provided with a grid, but we have no exit
opening or openings at or near the ceiling as usually practised.
Instead of this at the other end of the chamber or building at about a foot or so
(or less) from the floor level (or preferably in the floor itself as shown on the
drawing) we arrange an exit opening or openings e leading to a ventilating shaft
or uptake f; when the exit opening is in the floor itself as shown we prefer to
provide it with a grid which forms the top of a syphon box passing beneath the

page_text: floor level a short distance and then turning upwards into the ventilating shaft or
uptake f. The effect of this arrangement is as follows the pure hot air admitted
at one end of the apartment from the hot air stove or other means for supplying
pure hot dry air immediately expands and rises to the ceiling or roof where it
commences to accumulate gradually taking the place of and driving or pressing
downwards the cold air as shown by the arrows and all air laden with moisture and
all deleterious gases which will be heavier then the heated atmosphere and which
will be driven out by the descending level of the heated air which by gravitation
thus gradually fills the apartment (like an inverted reservoir) until it reaches the
upper edge of the exit opening or openings e or the floor level through which it will
then commence to pass out horizontally into the ventilating shaft or uptake f,
and to draw all heavy vapors and gases from the floor level with it without creating
any draught or appreciable current although a constant circulation of warm air is
kept up.
The room or apartment required may now be heated up to any required degree
without producing any apparent draught even at the outlet opening or openings e
although the atmosphere of the chamber or apartment is constantly changed and
renewed in proportion to the degree of hot air admitted at d and a strong draught
will be formed in the, ventilating shaft itself, without the aid of a fan or other
mechanical appliance.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
The improved system of heating, drying and ventilating by gravitation without
draughts or currents of air substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated
by the drawing annexed.