IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Colman, of the City of Norwich, Manu-
facturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS."
Sealed the 4th November 1856, and dated the 22nd July 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Colman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
July 1856.
I, SAMUEL COLMAN, of the City of Norwich, Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists in fitting in the flues of boilers at any suitable part
beyond the fire bridge a damper or dampers, which dampers are of such size
that when closed they shall not entirely fill up the flue.
My Invention also consists in the employment in boilers of a supplementary
water-way or vessel, which is made to descend below the main body of the
boiler, or in Cornish boilers to occupy part of the flue.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Samuel Colman in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd January 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS. SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
COLMAN, of the City of Norwich, Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Samuel Colman, Her special licence, that I, the said Samuel Colman, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Samuel
Colman, my executors, administrators, and assigns should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Samuel Colman, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, shonld particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said.
Letters Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Colman, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, that
is to say:
My Invention consists in fitting in the flues of boilers at any suitable part
beyond the fire bridge a damper or dampers, which dampers are of such size
that when closed they shall not entirely fill up the flue. My Invention also
consists in the employment in the flue or fire flues of Cornish boilers of a
supplementary water-way, space, or vessel.
Figure 1 represents, in longitudinal section, an ordinary Cornish boiler with
my supplementary water-way or vessel applied to it. A, A, is the boiler set in s
brickwork, not shewn in the Drawing; B is the furnace, and C are the fire
bars; D is the bridge of the furnace, and E the ash-pit; F is a conical,

page_text: cylindrical, or any other suitably-shaped tube or supplementary water space,
inserted in the flue, and rivetted at b, b, and c, c, to branches 6¹, c', which are
fixed to the flues of the boiler. Or, I attach the tube to the boiler by a short
leg fixed to the boiler, and the leg or legs to the tube; the leg that is on the
tube I place inside that on the boiler, the space between the two being filled
with iron or other suitable cement to form a steam-proof joint. The tube F is
in connection with the boiler by the openings I, I, in the branches ¹, c', at the
top of the fire flue. The shape of the mouth of these openings is shewn at
Figures 2 and 3 respectively. G is a man hole or mud hole; H is a mud or
blowing off cock. It will be seen that the water in the boiler can circulate
through the supplementary space and back into the boiler. The water contained
in the interior tube being surrounded by the flue, the heat is diffused over the
whole supplementary water compartment, and at the same time acts in the
usual manner upon the water contained in the other part of the boiler.
Figure 4 is a front, and Figure 5 a back view of a boiler with the brick-
work, in section, and having my damper applied to it; Figure 6 is a view of
the damper detached; Figure 7 is a view of a modification of the damper,
shewn at Figures 4 and 5 applied to a boiler; Figure 8 is a view of the same
form of damper fitted to a Cornish boiler; Figure 9 is a view of the damper
detached; and Figure 10 is a view of the bearings in which the damper works.
In Figures 4 and 5, A is the boiler, and B its brickwork; C is the fire grate,
and D is the ash-pit; E, E, are the side flues, and F the bottom flue. In
one of the side flues I fit the damper G, the end of which does not quite touch
the side of the boiler A. To a rod or spindle H the damper G is attached;
this spindle extends at bottom below the damper and works in a step at a.
I is a handle fixed to the top of the rod H, which extends above the brick-
work, and by which the damper may be moved or swivelled into any desired
position. I sometimes fit a damper of the kind just described to each flue,
as in Figure 5.
The products of combustion first pass from the fire grate through the flue
in the boiler to the back end thereof, where they separate into two parts and
return to the front end by the side flues, when, after passing the damper or
dampers, as the case may be, the products of combustion again meet and
enter the bottom flue, as indicated by the arrows, when they again pass back
underneath the boiler, and thence to the chimney. In Figure 7 I have shewn
the damper placed at the farthest end of the flue. A is part of a boiler set in
brickwork B; C are the flues, and D the steam chest; a is a lever, working
at f through the brickwork, and jointed at g to a rod h, which is connected to

page_text: and actuates the damper b, centred at c, which is free to oscillate thereon. In
Figure 8, f is a bearing, fixed in the flue, in which the axle of the valve or
damper b is swivelled; this damper is worked by a lever and rod, not shewn
in the Drawings, but similar to those described with reference to Figure 7. I
prefer to use my supplementary water-way and my damper or dampers together;
but I do not limit myself to the combined employment thereof, as the damper.
or dampers may be used alone, or without the supplementary water-way, or
the supplementary water-way may be employed alone without the damper or
dampers.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First, the fitting in the flues of boilers of a damper or dampers of such a
size that when closed it or they shall not entirely fill up the flue, and con-
structed and operating in the manner berein-before described with reference
to the Drawings annexed.
And, second, the employment in Cornish boilers of a supplementary
water-way or vessel fitted in the manner and for the purposes herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Colman, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of January, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-seven.