IMPROVEMENTS IN REFLECTORS AND APPARATUS FOR ARTIFICIAL LIGHT
Year: 1848

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
HENRY KEMPTON, of Pentonville, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Seventh day of No-
vember, One thousand eight hundred and forty-eight, in the twelfth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Henry Kempton, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, Her especial
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said William
Henry Kempton, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
William Henry Kempton, my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term
of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN REFLECTORS AND APPARATUS FOR ARTIFICIAL
LIGHT;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the
said William Henry Kempton, should cause a particular description of the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled
in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent,
as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Henry Kempton, do hereby declare that the nature of my said

page_text: Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference
being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon, that is to say:-
My Invention consists, first, of improvements in the manufacture of reflec-
tors; and, secondly, my Invention consists of improvements in apparatus for
artificial light.
And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me.
The object of the first part of my Invention is to cheapen the manufacture
of reflectors, rendering them not only useful for the ordinary purposes of
metallic and glass reflectors heretofore male, but also for many purposes to
which reflectors have not heretofore been used..
The first part of my Invention consists of making reflectors by the appli-
cation of the process of what is known to potters as "silver lustre" on suitably
shaped surfaces of earthenware similar to tea cups and other articles on which
the silver lustre has heretofore been or can be produced. The shapes of the
reflectors made according to my Invention will vary like those heretofore
constructed, and it will not be necessary to enter into a description of cach
form of reflector, as the proper form of reflector for a particular purpose is
well known. All that need be stated is that the required shape or form is to be
produced in earthenware, and then the surface is to have a silver lustre
produced thereto, in like manner such lustre has heretofore been produced on
tea cups, saucers, and other articles, and as is well understood; and I wish it
to be understood that I make no claim to the process of silver lustreing
surfaces of earthenware, which is old and well known, the first part of my
Invention consisting of making reflectors of any desired shape of earthenware,
&c., having reflecting surfaces produced thereto by the application of the
process of "silver lustre."
Although the shapes and forms generally employed in constructing reflectors
of metal or glass are known, and like shapes or forms of reflectors are to be
made according to my Invention, yet it will be desirable to call attention to
some shapes of reflectors, and of their application to the purposes of reflecting
light and heat.
DESCRIPTION. OF THE DRAWING.
No. 1, a reflecting lamp for lighting shop windows from the outside. The
advantage of this lamp is its great reflecting power at small cost compared
with plated metal, and the novelty is the reflector which composes the body of
No. 1, a reflecting lamp for lighting shop windows from the outside. The
advantage of this lamp is its great reflecting power at small cost compared
with plated metal, and the novelty is the reflector which composes the body of

page_text: the lamp being made of earthen or potters' ware, the inside coated with silver
lustre; the construction of the lamp also is simplified and improved in shape,
first, by having the supply pipe from the gas conveyed through the funnel or
chimney of the lamp; secondly, by having a convex circular glass inserted
into a hinged rim for the front.
No. 2, a parabolic railway signal lamp. The advantage is that the case for
the reflector and burner being in one piece, the reflector can be easily attached
to the burner, and not be liable to get out of focus; it will also be less liable to
damage from the heat of the lamp, and is not likely to be impaired by change
of temperature, and will be altogether a much cheaper article.
No. 3, cornucopia light. This is a perfectly original mode of burning gas
in glasses, the flame being made to issue horizontally from the burner instead
of vertically, by which plan the whole of the shadow from the burner and
fittings is thrown back upon the branch, and not upon the table or desk over
which it is intended to be placed. The air to supply the burner is admitted
through the leaf A. The reflector B may be used or not with the burner and
glass. The top of the glass may be turned over or varied in form or ornament,
the principle being to burn the gas, as shewn in sketch, within a glass. It is
desired that this glass and mode of burning gas may be secured independantly
of using the reflector with it, as in many cases it will be better without it.
No. 4 is for the purposes to which an ordinary street lamp is applied, the
top or roof of the lamp to be composed of the silver lustred potters' clay; in
other respects the lamp is of the ordinary description.
No. 5, drop roof lamp for railway carriages. In this it is intended for the
lamp to be of the ordinary character or of any improved description, but the
reflector marked C is intended to be attached to the roof of the carriage, and
being circular, as marked on the plan, will admit of the lamp being dropped.
through it, and the rays of light passing through the glass is to be reflected
into the compartment of the carriage.
No. 6 is intended for a gas stove, the silver lustre reflector to be fitted in a
parabolic or conical shape to the recess of the fire-place or in an open space,
and the gas to burn in the way shewn in front view, or in such other form as
may be found best suited to the intended purpose. It is also intended that
coals or charcoal may be burnt in a grate to be placed in the focus of the
parabolic or other shaped reflector, and the heat to be reflected into the
apartment. It is calculated that gas at a low price will be found to be as
cheap as coal or coke for the purposes of warming an apartment, provided the
whole of the heat generated can be thrown into the room by means of
reflection. I would remark that I am aware that it has before been proposed

page_text: to employ gas for heating rooms, I do not therefore claim the same generally,
but only the mode of arranging the apparatus with a reflector according to
the first part of my Invention.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that what I
claim is,
First, the manufacture of reflectors by applying pottery or earthenware
coated with silver lustre.
And, secondly, I claim the conveying the supply of gas through the chimney,
and the application of convex glass front as described in respect to No. 1 of
the Drawing.
I also claim the arrangement of railway lamp shewn at No. 2.
. I also claim the arrangement of the gas burner and apparatus as shown
at No. 3.
I also claim the construction of the upper part of a lamp with a reflector,
as shown at No. 4.
. I also claim the arrangement of drop roof lamp for a railway carriage, as
shown at No. 5.
And I also claim the arrangement of apparatus and reflector for a gas or
fuel stove, shewn at No. 6.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Henry Kempton, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Third day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.