A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OF AND MEANS FOR DRIVING BICYCLES, TRICYCLES AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES to be as follows:-
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
I JOSEPH EDWIN HOLLOWAY of Westminster Bridge Road in the County of
Surrey, Clothier and Outfitter do hereby declare the nature of said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OF AND MEANS FOR DRIVING BICYCLES, TRICYCLES
AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES to be as follows:-
"
The object of my invention is to increase the power and speed of velocipedes.
According to my invention I drive the wheel or wheels from the circumference
or rim instead of from the centre as is usual. As applied to a tricycle the running
or driving wheels are mounted loosely on the axle; to the axle I pin, key or other-
wise firmly connect a wheel or spoke wheel, collar or other contrivance to which
rods are or may be connected, such rods extending to the circumference or rim of the
running or driving wheels. The collar might be connected to the circumference of the
wheel by gearing. On revolving the axle (by treadle or otherwise through gearing
for example) the wheel or other contrivance to which the rods connecting it and
the circumference of the driving wheel, is caused to revolve and the said driving
wheel being loose on its axle it, through the rods, is also caused to rotate. The
position of the spoke collar or other wheel must be varied according to the class or
style of machine to which the invention is or may be applied.
For bicycles the rods are in like manner, attached to the spoke wheel or collar
through which the axle of the machine passes or in which it revolves loosely.
Dated this Twentyeighth day of Tran 100%.
:

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I JOSEPH EDWIN HOLLOWAY of Westminster Bridge Road in the County of
Surrey, Clothier and Outfitter do hereby declare the nature of said invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OF AND MEANS FOR DRIVING BICYCLES, TRICYCLES
AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES" and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of my invention is to increase the power and speed of velocipedes, as
well as to strengthen them.
According to my invention I drive the wheel or wheels from the circumference
or rim instead of from the centre as is usual. As applied to a tricycle the running
or driving wheels are mounted loosely on the axle; to the axle I pin, key or other-
wise firmly connect a wheel or spoke wheel, collar or other contrivance to which
rods are or may be connected, such rods extending to the circumference or rim of
the running or driving wheels. On revolving the axle (by treadle or otherwise
through gearing for example) the small inner wheel (or other contrivance to which
the rods connecting it and the circumference of the driving wheel is attached) is
caused to revolve and the driving wheel being loose on its axle, it, through the rods,
is also caused to rotate. The position of the spoke collar or other wheel must be
varied according to the class or style of machine to which the invention is or may
be applied.
For bicycles the rods are in like manner attached to the spoke wheel or collar
through which the axle of the machine passes.
In order that my invention may be completely understood I will now proceed to
describe the same with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 is a side elevation, and Figure 2 is a plan partly in section of a tricycle
constructed according to my invention Figure 3 is a vertical cross section and
Figure 4 is a transverse section through the line XY of Figure 3, of the disc, collar
or spoke wheel drawn to a larger scale than the previous Figures.
Figure 5 is a side elevation of a bicycle showing the invention applied thereto,
and Figures 6 and 7 show in side elevation partly in section and front view respec-
tively the disc, collar or spoke wheel applied to the outside of the spider spokes
instead of between them as in the previous arrangements. Similar letters of
reference refer to like parts in all the figures.
a is the disc, collar or spoke wheel; b is the axle of the machine to which the
disc a is keyed or pinned; c c are the running or driving wheels which are loose on
the axle b; d, d, d,d', d², d' are the rods secured to the inside of the rim of the wheels
c, c, and to the wheel a, six of these rods are shown at Figures 3, 4 and 5 but any
other convenient number may be employed according to circumstances but I have
found that three in each direction answer the purpose well but four or more may
be used so that on driving the machine forwards the rods d will be put in action
ie tension, and on back pedalling the rods & will take all the strain as shown by
the dotted arrows in Figure 4; ee are the treadles for communicating rotary
motion by chain or wheels or straps in the ordinary known way to the axle

page_text: which latter revolving carries with it the wheel a, rods d and running wheels o, o
owing to the wheel a being keyed on the axle b while the wheels c, c are loose on
the same axle. It will thus be understood that the rods or wires d, d¹ pull in each
direction tangentially direct to the rims of the wheel whereby the driving power
is applied at once to the rim of the wheel and making the wheel itself act as a
powerful levor instead of twisting the wheel round from the hub and breaking the
spokes through having the leverage of the wheel in action resisting the driving
power. As shown with reference to Figures 6 and 7 the wheel a may be outside
the spokes for between same as shown in the other figures, the action in either
case being similar. The arrangement as applied to a bicycle shown at Figure 5 is
also similar to that for a tricycle and consequently requires no further description
here.
By driving the wheel a in the reverse direction a brake is obtained.
By my invention the following advantages are obtained.
There is no side strain on the spokes consequently the wheel is much strengthened,
the side spokes having only to carry the weight.
The pull on the wheel is made direct to the rim from a favourable angle; thus
utilizing the well-known leverage of the wheel and gaining great power and speed.
The power is applied to the rim of the wheel from an independent wheel fixed in the
exact centre of the hub, i,e in the same plane or line as the rim itself, instead of twisting
it round from the outside portion of the hubs. This has the effect of pulling the
wheel straight over any obstacle, instead of being jerked over stones, etc, as usually
is the case, consequontly a spring is rendered unnecessary, even on rough roads.
Ball and roller bearings can be dispensed with, except for racing purposes, and a
brake is no longer a necessity, as the machine can be brought to a standstill when
descending steep hills simply by back pedalling.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
First: In velocipedes the driving of the same from the circumference or rim of
the running wheel or wheels instead of from the centre, as set forth.
Second: In velocipedes the wheel a keyed on axle b driving the running wheels
c, c connected to wheel a through rods d all substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
GOLL
100