IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL, AND OF MATERIALS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Mallabey Murdock, of Barrow-in-
Furness, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, and Joseph Storey,
of Lancaster, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL, AND
OF MATERIALS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL."
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PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Mallabey.
Murdock and Joseph Storey at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petiton; on the 27th July 1874.
We, WILLIAM MALLABEY MURDOCK, of Barrow-in-Furness, in the:
County of Lancaster, Engineer, and JOSEPH STOREY, of Lancaster,.
in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANufacture
OF STEEL, AND OF MATERIALS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL," to be as
follows:-

page_text: other processes in which the materials from which the steel is made are
combined and made to react on one another in a molten state, a com-
pound called speigel eisen is generally employed for the purpose of
introducing the amount of carbon required, and also the metal
manganese, which, as is well known, has a beneficial effect in the 5
manufacture of steel. The said speigel eisen is a cast iron containing
manganese, that is, an alloy or compound of iron, manganese, and
carbon, and is made in Rhenish Prussia from iron ores rich in
other processes in which the materials from which the steel is made are
combined and made to react on one another in a molten state, a com-
pound called speigel eisen is generally employed for the purpose of
introducing the amount of carbon required, and also the metal
manganese, which, as is well known, has a beneficial effect in the 5
manufacture of steel. The said speigel eisen is a cast iron containing
manganese, that is, an alloy or compound of iron, manganese, and
carbon, and is made in Rhenish Prussia from iron ores rich in
manganese.
Our Invention consists in the direct addition or use of metallic 1
manganese in steel making processes in place of the said speigel eisen,
and in the manufacture of the said speigel eisen by the direct addition
of metallic manganese to cast iron.
In carrying our Invention into effect wo use reduced manganese ore
or oxide obtained by heating a mixture of the said ore or oxide with 1
carbon, the heating being effected by preference in a muffle heated by
a' Siemens' furnace. We do not however limit ourselves to the use of
any particular kind of reducing furnace or apparatus.
In using the sponge or mass of metallic manganese obtained in the
way described in the manufacture of steel we first melt together the 2
materials (excepting the manganese) by the melting together of which
the steel is to be made, and when the said materials are perfectly fused
we introduce the metallic manganese, taking care so to add the said
manganese either by plunging under the surface of the molten materials
or otherwise as not to expose it in a heated state to the action of the 2
air owing to its great tendency to oxidize.
The quantity of metallic manganese employed relative to the quantities
of the other materials differs according to the different qualities of iron
operated upon, as is well understood in the manufacture of steel by tho
use of speigel eisen.
Wo mako speigel eisen to be used in the ordinary way in the manu-
facture of steel by adding metallic manganese to molten cast iron, tho.
said metallic manganese being added to the molten cast iron with the
precaution herein-before pointed out with reference to the manufacture
of steol.
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page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Mallabey Murdock and Joseph Storey in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th January 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
MALLADEY MURDOCK, of Barrow-in-Furness, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, and JOSEPH STOREY, of Lancaster, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturing Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
cighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said William Mallabey Murdock and Joseph
Storey, Her special license that we, the said William Mallabey Murdock
and Joseph Storey, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said William Mallabey Murdock and Joseph Storey,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
excrcise, and vend, within tho United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL, AND OF MATERIALS USED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF STEEL," upon the condition (amongst others) that we,
the said William Mallabey Murdock and Joseph Storey, our executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or their hands
and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be.
filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Mallabey Murdock and
Joseph Storey, do hereby declaro the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to-be-performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to
say :-
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page_text: other processes in which the materials from which the steel is made are
combined and made to react on one another in a molten state, a com-
pound called speigel eisen is generally employed for the purpose of
introducing the amount of carbon required, and also the metal
manganese, which metal manganese, as is well known, has a beneficial
effect in the manufacture of steel. The said speigel cisen is a cast iron
containing manganese, that is, an alloy or compound of iron, manganese,
and carbon, and is principally made in Rhenish Prussia from iron ores.
rich in manganese.

page_text: In using the sponge or mass of metallic manganese, obtained in the
way described, in the manufacture of steel we first melt together the
materials (excepting the manganese) by the melting together of which
the steel is to be made, and when the said materials are perfectly fused
we introduce the metallic manganese, taking care so to add the said
manganese, either by plunging it under the surface of the molten
materials or otherwise, as not to exposo it in a heated state to the
action of the air owing to its great tendency to oxidize.
The quantity of metallic manganese employed relative to the quantities
of the other materials differs according to the different qualities of iron
operated upon, as is well understood in the manufacture of steel by the
use of speigel eisen, but for cast iron made from haematite or other like
ores, of the qualities usually met with in commerce, we find that the
proportion of two parts by weight of metallic manganese to one hundred
parts by weight of the said cast iron answers well in practice. We
remark generally that in proportion as the cast iron employed in the
manufacture of steel is free from impurities a less quantity of manganese
is employed, and the reverse.
In carrying our Invention into effect in connection with the Bessemer
process or the Siemens-Martin process, in which processes a very pure
cast iron is decarbonized and the required proportion of carbon
reimported into the iron by the addition of a small quantity of cast iron,
we introduce the metallic manganese by preference into the decarbonized
molten iron at the same time that the said small quantity of cast iron is
introduced. It may however be introduced before or after the addition
of the said small quantity of cast iron.
We make speigel eisen to be used in the ordinary way in the manu-
facture of steel by adding metallic manganese to molten cast iron, the
said metallic manganese being added to the molten cast iron with the
precaution herein-before pointed out with reference to the manufacture
of steel. We take cast iron made from haematite or other suitable ores
of the best quality, that is, cast iron.consisting-of-iron-and-carbon, with.
as little admixture of silicon, sulphur, phosphorus, or other impurity as
possible, and to one hundred parts by weight of the said cast iron in a
molten state we add twenty parts by weight of the said metallic sponge
of manganese, the alloy or mixture immediately after the addition of
the manganese being cast into ingot or other moulds.

page_text: Having now described the nature of our Invention and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that we
do not limit ourselves to the precise details herein described, as the
same may be varied without departing from the nature of our Invention;
but we claim as our Invention,—
First. The improvements in the manufacture of steel herein-before
described, that is to say, the addition to any of the well known mixtures
of materials which in their molten state react upon each other and
produce steel of metallic manganese, the said metallic manganese being
added to the mixtures of materials in a molten state, substantially as
herein-before described.
Secondly. The use of metallic manganese in manufacturing steel by
the processes well known and commonly practised, and called tho
Bessemer and Siemens-Martin processes, substantially as hercin-before
described.
Thirdly. The manufacture of the compound or mixture of materials
called speigel eisen by the addition of metallic manganese to cast iron,.
substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, wc, the said William Mallabey Murdock and
Joseph Storey, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Sixteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-five.
WILLIAM MALLABEY MURDOCK. (L.S.)
JOSEPH STOREY.
(L.S.)
Witness to the signatures of the .
said William Mallabey Murdock
and the said Joseph Storey,
WILLIAM IIARRISON,
Manufacturing Chemist,
Barrow-in-Furness.