A NEW OR IMPROVED KITCHEN CART, TO BE USED FOR MILITARY AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Cavaliere Leonida Caldesi, of 19, Grosvenor
Street, Grosvenor Square, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED KITCHEN CART, TO BE USED
FOR MILITARY AND OTHER PURPOSES."-A communication from abroad
by Pietro Inviti, a Major
Major in the 3rd Grenadier Regiment of the
Italian Army.
Scaled the 7th January 1870, and dated the 10th July 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Cavaliere Leonida
Caldesi at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 10th July 1869.
I, CAVALIERE LEONIDA CALDESI, of 19, Grosvenor Street, Grosvenor
Square, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED KITCHEN CART, TO
BE USED FOR MILITARY AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to combine a cart suitable for carrying
every kind of store necessary for troops and travellers with a cooking

page_text: apparatus for cooking the mess during the march, and at the same time
to render the said cooking apparatus independent of the cart when it is
desired to be so.
pre-.
The cart used in carrying out this Invention may be of any size
suitable for the purpose for which it is intended, and it is so made that
besides the transport of the furnaces or stores it may be availablo for
carrying food and other stores. Within it are placed two small furnaces
or stoves, each of which is provided with a pair of wheels so as to be
readily movable by the hand when detached from the cart. Each of the
furnaces contains two kettles, which in the case of the Invention being
used for military purposes will each serve for one company of soldiers.
The body of the cart is formed of two parallel poles slightly convergent
at the side where the horse is attached. These poles are connected
together by bars placed abreast of the wheels and forming a support to
two oblong chests placed one above the other. In the fore face of these
chests. there is a double panel opening downwards by means of iron bars,
and resting when opened upon jointed bars. In the side faces there are
two panels. The lower of these chests is of a certain capacity; and is
ferably used for containing barrels of beer, rum, wine for the officers,
pails for salt, bread nets, and similar articles. In the side walls of the
upper chest there are two panels. opening downwards on hinges, and sup-
ported as above when opened upon joint bars. The upper part is formed by
a whole panel in order that entrance may be allowed for bodies too bulky
to pass through the lateral panels. This last-described chest is intended
to contain six or other convenient number of conical iron kettles of the
usual shape, which when the apparatus is used for military purposes may
be employed for carrying their meals to some outlying picket, and two
cuisines for four or other number of persons, each of which when the
Invention is used for military purposes is intended for the use of the
officers. The chest is made fast by four angular props, and upon it is
placed an open iron cage or basket for containing fuel or other necessary
material. The central and back parts of the cart are made of iron platos,
forming a general plane bottom and two sides sliding down from the
upper part of the two longitudinal poles previously described. This iron
frame may be strengthened by iron T pieces fastened to it and firmly
attached to the poles. The back of the frame and some parts of the
bottom are jointed and joined to the remaining portion by hinges. These
jointed parts are lowered by any convenient contrivance, and thus form

page_text: inclined planes for the casy loading of the portable furnaces. Above
the bars and along the iron frame are two floors, upon which the person
attending to the stoves may stand. An iron railing, which reaches from
the back of the cart to the angle pieces, also serves him for a protection,
and the same railings may also be found useful when the stoves being
removed the cart is to be used as a common waggon. Under the bars
and projecting from the iron frame there are two very strong springs
supported by an axial piece, upon which the two wheels of the cart are
mounted: Upon the bottom of the iron frame, and on the side of its
jointed parts, iron lateral bars are fixed; which serve as rails for raising
the stoves in the cart, or for lowering them from it.. Two bent iron bars
perforated with holes are fixed to the bars last described; they aid in
fixing the stoves when the latter are hoisted into the cart, and in giving
them an inclination suitable to. the slope of the road..
In order to hoist the stoves into tlie cart a transverse shaft is placed
on the driving bars on the fore part of the chests. At both ends of this
shaft are two endless screws driving two toothed wheels fixed at their
ends by two screws, the nuts of which embrace a smaller iron shaft,
transforming itself into a chain. This chain passes over pulleys fixed at
the back end of the driving bars.. Iron boxes preserve the toothed
wheels and the screws from dust. The ends of the chains are fixed into
the back of the frame, so that by turning the transverse shaft with a
handle and lowering the side until it touclies the ground the former
makes an incline, up which the stoves to be hoisted are driven. When
the shaft is turned in the contrary direction the back is raised up to a
level with the driving bars, and the stove thus raised to a level with the
bottom of the chest. The stove is then pushed forward and its in-handle
fixed to the cage or basket before spoken of. It is then steady and ready
for use. The cart is provided with a screw break or martinique placed so
that the driver can easily manage it when required. Props, two on each
side, prevent any possibility of the cart being upset or inclined more
than is desirable, in the case of the horses falling or otherwise.
The portable furnaces or stoves are made of iron plate in an oblong
shape with blunted corners. Within an outside layer of plates there is
another with vertical walls and an inclined plane to act as a fire-place.
On the upper part of the stove there are two rectangular holes where
the kettles are to be placed. The vertical walls of the outside stove are
fastened to the upper floor through a hoop made of angle iron. The

page_text: walls of the fire-place are also strongly attached to the lower part of
these vertical walls. The opening of the stove is placed on either of the
smaller sides of the rectangle. The smoke rising from the fire-place
goes all round the kettle and escapes at the other end through a pipe,
which can be turned so as to always cause the smoke to go out according
to the wind. The stove rests upon two iron crossings piercing the
external walls, and is made fast to the other internal walls, which support
the iron wheels of the stoves. Props upon the small carriage prevent
the stove bending too much backwards or forwards. A double iron
shaft joined to the transversal iron rod and fixed to the central portion
of the stove may be used for removing the latter, and this shaft may be
turned either way by any convenient contrivance. The furnaces or
stoves are provided with a set of removable straps arranged so that when
it may be desirable to carry the stoves alone when detached from the
cart they may be carried upon mules or in any other convenient manner
to an outpost or picket or detached company which may be at a distance
from the main body of troops. The kettles or pots are preferably made
of iron tinned inside, and their lids are made with a very high brim all
round entering the upper part of the kettle, and as they exactly fit its
external walls any spilling of the liquid is prevented. As soon as the
stoves are loaded they are made fast to a toothing stoutly fixed to the
wooden cage; such toothing besides making the stove steady affords an
casy means of drawing it more or less to the centre in order to equipoise
the whole load.
I have described the kitchen cart as I have found it most convenient
for use for military purposes, but I am of course able to vary the forms.
and arrangements of the apparatus described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Cavaliere Leonida Caldesi in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 8th January 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CAVALIERE
LEONIDA CALDESI, of 19, Grosvenor Street, Grosvenor Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of July, in the year of our

page_text: Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-second
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Cavaliere Leonida Caldesi, Her special licence
that I, the said Cavaliere Leonida Caldesi, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Cavaliere Leonida Caldesi,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED KITCHEN CART, TO BE USED FOR MILITARY AND OTHER
PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Cavaliere
Leonida Caldesi, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Cavaliere Leonida Caldesi, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto'
annexed, that is to say :-
The object of this Invention is to combine a cart suitable for carrying
every kind of store necessary for troops and travellers with a cooking.
apparatus for cooking the mess during the march, and at the same time
to render the said cooking apparatus independent of the cart when it
is desired to be so..
The cart used in carrying out this Invention may be of any size'
suitable for the purpose for which it is intended, and it is so made that
besides the transport of the furnaces or. stoves it may be available for
carrying food and other stores.
In the accompanying Drawings Figure 1 is a side elevation of the
complete cart; Figure 2, a longitudinal section, and Figure 3 a plan
of the same.
From the Drawings and the following description the Invention will
be readily and completely understood.

page_text: Within the cart are placed two small furnaces or stoves, shown sepa-
rately in Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7, each of which is provided with a pair
of wheels so as to be readily movable by the hand when detached from
the cart. Each of the furnaces contains two kettles, which in the case
of the Invention being used for military purposes will each serve for
a certain fixed number of soldiers, such as one company. The body
of the cart is formed of two parallel poles slightly convergent at the
side where the horse is attached. These poles are connected together
by bars placed abreast of the wheels and forming a support to two oblong
chests placed one above the other. In the fore face of these chests
there is a double panel opening downwards by means of iron bars,
and resting when opened upon jointed bars. In the side faces there
are two panels. The lower of these chests is of a certain capacity, and
is preferably used for containing barrels of beer, rum, or wine for
the officers, as well as pails for salt, bread nets, and similar articles.
In the side walls of the upper chest there are two panels opening
downwards on hinges and supported as above when opened upon joint
bars. The upper part is formed by a whole panel in order that entrance
may be allowed for bodies too bulky to pass through the lateral panels.
This last-described chest is intended to contain six or other convenient
number of conical iron kettles of the usual shape, which when the
apparatus is used for military purposes may be employed for carrying
the meals of the soldiers to some outlying picket, and two cuisines for
four or other number of persons, each of which when the Invention
is used for military purposes is intended for the use of the officers. The
chest is made fast by four angular props, and upon it is placed an
open iron cage or basket for containing fuel or other necessary material.
The central and back parts of the cart are made of iron plates, forming
a general plane bottom and two sides sliding down from the upper part
of the two longitudinal poles previously described. This iron frame
may be strengthened by iron T pieces fastened to it and firmly attached
to the poles. The back of the frame and some parts of the bottom
are jointed and joined to the remaining portion by hinges. Those
jointed parts are lowered by any convenient contrivance, and thus form
inclined planes for the easy loading of the portable furnaces. Above
the bars and along the iron frame are two floors, upon which the person
attending to the stoves may stand. An iron railing which reaches
from the back of the cart to the angle pieces also serves him for a
protection, and the same railings may also be found useful when the

page_text: stoves being removed the cart is to be used as a common waggon.
Under the bars and projecting from the iron frame there are two very
strong springs supported by an axial piece, upon which the two wheels.
of the cart are mounted. Upon the bottom of the iron frame and on
the side of its jointed parts iron lateral bars are fixed, which serve
as rails for raising the stoves in the cart or for lowering them from it.
Two bent iron bars perforated with holes are fixed to the bars last
described. They aid in fixing the stoves when the latter are hoisted
into the cart, and in giving them an inclination suitable to the slope
of the road.
In order to hoist the stoves into the cart a transverse shaft is
placed on the driving bars on the fore part of the chests. At both
ends of this shaft are two endless screws driving two toothed wheels
fixed at their ends by two screws, the nuts of which embrace a smaller
iron shaft, transforming itself into a chain. This chain passes over
pulleys fixed at the back end of the driving bars. Iron boxes preserve
the toothed wheels and the screws from dust. The ends of the chains
are fixed into the back of the frame, so that by turning the transverse
shaft with a handle, and lowering the side until it touches the ground,
the former makes an incline, up which the stoves to be hoisted are
driven. When the shaft is turned in the contrary direction the back
is raised up to a level with the driving bars, and the stove thus raised
to a level with the bottom of the chest. The stove is then pushed
forward and its in-handle fixed to the cage or basket before spoken of.
It is then steady and ready for use. The cart is provided with a screw-
break or martinique, placed so that the driver can easily manage it when
required. Props, two on each side, prevent any possibility of the cart
being upset or inclined more than is desirable in the case of the horses
falling or otherwise.
The portable furnaces or stoves are shown in the accompanying
Drawings, in side elevation in Figure 4, in plan in Figure 6, in section
through the line C, D, of Figure 6 in Figure 5, and in plan through
the line A, B, of Figure 4 in Figure 7. They are made of iron plate
in an obloug shape with blunted corners. Within an outside layer
and an inclined plane
of plates there is another with vertical walls
to act as a fire-place. On the upper plate of the stove there are two
rectangular holes, where the kettles are to be placed. The vertical
walls of the outside stove are fastened to the upper floor through a

page_text: hoop made of angle iron. The walls of the fire-place are also strongly
attached to the lower part of these vertical walls. The opening of the
stove is placed on either of the smaller sides of the rectangle. The
smoke rising from the fire-place goes all round the kettle, and escapes
at the other end through a pipe, which can be turned so as to always
cause the smoke to go out according to the wind. The stove rests
upon two iron crossings piercing the external walls, and is made fast
to the other internal walls which support the wheels of the stoves.
Props upon the small carriage prevent the stove bending too much
backwards or forwards. A double iron shaft joined to the transversal
iron rod and fixed to the central portion of the stove may be used for
removing the latter, and this shaft may be turned either way by any
convenient contrivance. The furnaces or stoves are provided with a set
of removable straps arranged so that when it may be desirable to carry
the stoves alone when detached from the cart they may be carried upon
mules or in any other convenient manner to an outpost or picket or
detached company which may be at a distance from the main body of
troops. The kettles or pots are preferably made of iron tinned inside, and
their lids are made with a very high brim all round entering the upper
part of the kettle, and as they exactly fit its external walls any spilling
of the liquid is prevented. As soon as the stoves are loaded they are
made fast to a toothing stoutly fixed to the wooden cage; such toothing
besides making the stove steady affords an easy means of drawing it
more or less to the centre in order to equipoise the whole load.
I have described the kitchen cart as I have found it most convenient
for use for military purposes, but I am of course able to vary the
forms and arrangements of the apparatus described while substantially
preserving its main features.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
1st. The combination of a cart suitable for carrying military and
other stores with a cooking apparatus, in the manner and for the
purpose substantially as herein-before described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawings, the said combination forming the new or
improved kitchen cart named in the title of my Letters Patent.
2ndly. The general construction and arrangement of the cart for
carrying stores and other necessaries, substantially as herein-before

page_text: described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the accompanying
Drawings.
And, 3rdly. The general construction and arrangement of the cooking
apparatus or stoves, substantially as herein-before described and illus-
trated in Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7 of the accompanying. Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Cavaliero Leonida Caldesi, have
hercunto set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
CAVRE. LEONIDA CALDESI. (L.S.)