AN IMPROVED METHOD OR PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE WITH THE AID OF HEAT AND WITHOUT WASTE OF MATERIAL OF SCREW BOLTS AND SCREWS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION AND APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1884

page_text: DIFCIFICATION,
I, FIRMIN BRÜCKERT of Gorcy in the Republic of France, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of my Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OR PROCESS FOR
THE MANUFACTURE WITH THE AID OF HEAT AND WITHOUT WASTE OF MATERIAL
OF SCREW BOLTS AND SCREWS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION AND APPARATUS
THEREFOR " and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This Invention relates to an improved method or process for the manufacture of
screw bolts and screws of every description and to apparatus therefor.
Referring to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, Fig. 1 is an elevation of a
machine according to this Invention; Fig. 2 is a sectional plan in line a a b b.
Fig. 3; Fig. 3 is a vertical section in the axis of rotation of the sector A and Fig. 4
shews to a larger scale details of the parts which effect the screw cutting and the
turning of the end.
In this system of manufacture the screwing of the bolt is effected by a sector A
which rotates at a variable distance from a plane rolling surface B; these two
surfaces moving in a contrary sense the one to the other. As shewn in Fig. 4 the
two surfaces A and B are furnished with ridges or flutes arranged in a special
manner which is a characteristic feature of my Invention.
The ridges or flutes cut upon the surfaces A and B are nothing more than a
developement upon these surfaces of the threads of the bolts or screws which are
to be manufactured.
The special feature of my system is the arrangement of these flutes or grooves in
steps or tiers and this facilitates the screw cutting. The two grooved or fluted
surfaces A and B move as explained above, and the bar designed to form the bolt
being introduced between the two surfaces at F1 (the plain portion) this rod finds
itself seized by the first step of the grooves which commences the screw cutting.
Under its action, the iron is displaced behind the thread which is formed, that is,
towards the plain or blank part of surfaces A. B cut away behind the grooves, and
these plain surfaces roll the part of the bar about to be subjected to the screw
cutting before that part is seized by the next step or groove. Each step of the
[Dar

page_text: grooving and each plain part having acted upon the bar as described the screw
cutting of the bolt is finished.
Another operation which the surfaces A and B perform at the same time as the
screwing is the turning of the end of the bolt. This is effected during the screw
cutting by the projections arranged upon the edges of the surfaces A and B
(Fig. 4).
In order to complete a bolt in the machine it is necessary that the bar should be
submitted to four distinct operations. These are (1) screw cutting, (2) the turning
of the end (3) dividing, (4) the formation of the head.
The curved surface A represented in the Drawings is fixed upon a wheel turning
upon a fixed axis upon the frame work of the machine and carrying at its lower
part a toothed sector J, gearing with a pinion K keyed upon the vertical shaft I.
The surface B is fixed upon the lower face of a slide B₁ carrying a rack G which
works the pinion H, keyed upon the vertical shaft I. This latter is operated by a
friction cone L upon which act successively two other cones L' and L" according
as the motion is backwards or forwards. The horizontal shaft M receives its
motion from the prime mover and transmits it to the cones L' and Lii keyed
upon it.
*
The slide B¹, carrying the plane grooved part B, is arranged in such a manner
as to allow its receding from or approaching the curved grooved surface A.
It is the distance between A, and B that determines the diameter of the bolt
under manufacture and this distance-is-regulated-in the following way:-A nut V
which is manipulated by aid of a wrench-bar, acts upon the screwed rod F: of a
link X supporting a grooved pulley Y. This latter rests always against the
slide B. The slide B₁ rests by the lower parts of its two upper edges upon the
roller Z Z Z Z supported by and turning on the two fixed axes in the supports
W. W., situated the one to the right and the other to the left between the cheeks
of the frame of the machine.
These supports are held by means of the spindles xxxx which penetrate into
the slots xx¹ formed in the faces of the framing..
These spindles maintain the supports W. in the longitudinal direction while at
the same time permitting them to move vertically.
Upon the lower face of each support W, there abuts a vertical rod y, jointed to a
lever z, turning on an axis fixed in the frame. This lever is furnished with a
heavy counter-weight.
2
From the foregoing description it will be understood that by turning the nut V
in such a way as to raise the link X which carries the roller Y. this roller rests
upon the slide B and the slide follows the upward movement of the roller, being
raised by the action of the counter-weight on the levers z acting through the
intermediary of the rods y and the rollers W, W.
If, on the other hand, the nut V is turned in such a way as to cause the roller V
to descend, this latter, pressing upon the slide B', makes it also descend and, at
the same time raises the counter weight of the levers z.
As already mentioned the turning of the end of the bolt is effected concurrently
with the screwing by the projections C¹ formed upon the edge of the grooved
surfaces A and B:
The screwing and the turning being completed, the bar has to be divided.
The cutting is commenced by the turning of the end and finished by the shears O,
operated by an eccentric N. This eccentric is keyed upon the shaft M and acts
upon a lever N' through the intermediary of a wedge R introduced either
automatically or by hand between the lever N¹ and the eccentric rod N.
The lever N¹ is keyed upon an axis S carried in the frame (Fig. 2). At the
other end of this axis is keyed a lever Nu transmitting to the shears 0 the
movement which it receives from the shaft M.
In the machine shewn in the Drawings the action of the shears O is effected
by the introduction by hand of the wedge R between the lever N' and the
bottom of the eccentric rod N. This introduction is easily. effected by means of
1

page_text: the following mechanism :-The lever N is furnished with a counter-weight T of
special form and construction. A carrier connected with this counterweight
serves as a pivot to a lever U which acts upon the wedge R, by the intermediary
of a small lever U' pivotted to the said wedge R and connected with the vertical
rod U which operates the lever U. If this lever be worked from right to left or
left to right, the movement is transmitted to the wedge R which is thereby with-
drawn or introduced to stop or start the shears O. This operation is easily effected
by hand it being understood that at the moment when the shears should come into
action the speed of the machine is reduced by the effect of the change of direction.
The forward and backward motions of the machine are obtained as follows:-
Two stops Q and Q₁ fixed upon the upper face of the slide B₁ act successively, the
first upon the handle K¹ of the lever F1, the second on the handle K" of the
lever F, in such a way as to work the levers, which, connected together, act upon
the forked lever C and consequently upon the shaft M to put the cones L' and L¹¹
successively in contact with the driving cone L.
."
To form the head of the bolt there is employed a hydraulic apparatus of the
usual construction governed directly by the machine. As such apparatus
perfectly well understood it is not necessary to describe it here. Any other systém
for forming the head can be used in combination with this machine, and either be
governed by it or act separately.
The method of operation is as follows:-The bar of iron or steel 5 raised to a
red heat for a portion of its length, is inserted at F1 between the grooved sector A
and the grooved plane B, the shears descend and finish the division commenced by
the turning.
The screwing finished, the stop Q, acting on the lever F1 effects the change of
direction of the machine. The bolt screwed, turned and cut, is now on the
Burface F which is not provided with grooves. A simple push of the bar E,
designed for the next bolt suffices to make it fall out of the machine. This bolt is
then picked up and introduced into the hopper 1, whose rise, combined with the
descent of the compressing piston 2, effects the formation of the head. Then the
rotary movement of the hopper 1, disengages the completed bolt which falls out of
the machine.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. In, the manufacture of bolts, screws and the like from hot iron the use of
surfaces such as A and B with stepped grooves or flutes arranged substantially as
described.
2. The improved machine substantially as described for the manufacture at a
single heat, and without waste from continuous bars, of screws bolts and the like.
3. The use, in combination with the machine referred to in the previous claim,
of a head forming machine, either governed directly by the same machine or
operating independently, substantially as described.
Dated this 2nd day of Juiv 1884
W. LLOYD WISE,
Applicant's Agent.