An Improved Machine for Jointing, Backing, and Hollowing Staves for Use in the Manufacture of Oasks, Barrels, and Articles of a like nature.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Oct., 1894-Accepted, 15th Dec.,
1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Machine for Jointing, Backing, and Hollowing Staves
for Use in the Manufacture of Oasks, Barrels, and Articles of a
like nature.
We, JOHN WESLEY LAHEY and THOMAS GEORGE LAHEY, Sawmillers,
both of Vulture Street, South Brisbane, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to an improved machine for securing the more efficient,
speedy and economical manufacture of staves of various kinds, shapes and sizes,
giving them a better finish, and at the same time producing them at less cost, and
with greater rapidity than has been possible with machines as hitherto constructed;
and our improvements are applicable in combination with, and partly are improve-
ments or modifications in, the construction, arrangement or combination of the
subject matter of our previous Patent.
In order that our machine may be clearly understood we append five sheets of
drawings of which,
Figure 1 is a plan of our machine.
Figure 2 is a side elevation of the same.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of the same on line B B-B B, Figures 1
and 2.
Figure 4 is an end elevation of the same.
Figure 5 is a cross section of the same on line A A-A A, Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 6 is a detail of portion of the steel carrier band Z.
Figure 7 is a detail section of the hinge of swinging bracket G.
Figure 8 is a section of the steel table B showing how it acts as a guide to the
carrier band Z' and also to the studs E' and E'.
Figure 9 is a detail plan and elevation of the studs E.
Figure 10 is a detail plan and elevation of the studs E.
Figure 11 is a section of the eccentric cams W' showing the screws d, for
adjusting them on the spindle so as to vary the throw.
Figure 12 is a side elevation of the same.
Figure 13 shows the pattern wheel L and the means by which it works the
swinging brackets G.
Figure 14 is an end view of the cutter head S.
Figure 15 is a front view of same.
Figures 16 and 17 show the vertical spindles b, carrying the cutter heads T'
with adjustable bearings H' and connection to the swinging brackets G.
Figure 18 is a section of the wheel Z' showing an alternative design, having a
tapered groove and fitted with studs P¹.
Figure 19 is a front view of the same, showing holes to receive the studs P.
Figure 20 is an enlarged cross section of the rim of wheel Z' showing the
position of the stud P in the groove.
Figure 21 is a side view of the appliance for grinding the cutters.
Figure 22 is an elevation of the alternative cutter head T* showing the two зaws
set askew.
In Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, A is a cast-iron table planed on top and set truly
level, resting on bearers and supporting parts of the machine by means of
brobate and F

page_text: In Figures 1, 2, and 3, B is a steel table to support the material while being
operated upon, made up of four steel plates fastened to the standards c by cheese-
headed countersunk bolts, through slotted holes to allow the plates to be moved in
or out, the table being by that means adjusted for the wear of the carrier band Z'
and the studs E' and E. These steel plates may be in one length, or in sections
bolted together over the standards c. The part of table marked D is hinged at D'
and rises and falls to support the stave as its thickness is varied by the rising and
falling movements of the cutter head S. The table is divided longitudinally from
the feed end up to the hollowing cutter S to allow the studs E' and E' to travel
along with the carrier band Z between the two sides of the table, the top plates
of which act as guides to the studs E and E³, while the lower plates are rebated
to receive and guide the carrier band Z* as shown in Figure 8.
The table B is slotted to accommodate the rollers B' and is also marked with
cross lines as indicators for the purpose of setting the studs E' in order to adjust
the machine for long or short staves, the position of the lines corresponding to
the different lengths of staves, being measured back from the centre of the cutter
heads T.
The table B is fitted with the guide fence h, fastened to the table by bolts
through holes slotted transversely, to assist the operator in placing the blank (or
piece of wood to be converted into a stave) in proper position on the table B,
and also to guide the blank in line until held by the knife-point projection on
stud E.
Figure 8 shows in cross section table B, steel band Z³, stud E between the
guides, and the guide-fence h, and the tapered washer Y'.
Z is an endless steel band made of a piece of stout band-saw steel or other
suitable material, with edges quite straight and parallel, having a true centre-line
scribed on the outside or working face to act as a guide for drilling the holes and
fixing the studs E' and E.
This band, working with light tension, travels continuously in the direction
indicated by the arrows and passes over the cast iron wheels Zi and Z, of which
Z is the driver. The wheel Z is recessed to accommodate the studs E¹ and E',
the recesses being made with tapered sides to suit the taper on the washers Y' of
studs E and E, and is fixed on to its shaft with a hollow-backed key to allow it
to turn on the shaft should any undue strain be thrown on the band Z³.
Z may be either recessed to accommodate the studs E' and E' or grooved
circumferentially, the groove being tapered to fit the washers Y' on studs E'
and E'.
The band is fitted with studs E', securely fastened in, as shown in Figure 10,
at equal distances apart, such distances being equal to half the circumference of
the wheel Z, with allowance for the thickness of the steel band added. Or. they
may be spaced a little further apart than the length of the longest stave to be
produced, and the wheel Z may be made so that its circumference shall be equal
to the length of one or more such spaces.
The machine as shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3 is arranged for the manufacture of
staves which do not vary much in length, as by this arrangement only two staves
can be produced for one revolution of the wheel Z whether long or short. When
the staves to be manufactured vary much in length, the output of the machine can
be greatly increased by making the wheel Z with a circumferentially tapered
groove, to accommodate the nuts and washers of the studs E' and E' in lieu of the
recesses in the wheel Z* shown in Figure 3. This groove is fitted with inter-
changeable tapered steel studs P (see Figures 18, 19 and 20). The washers Y'
on the studs E', gripping against the steel studs P, prevent any slippage of the
steel band, thereby insuring its uniform travel. When the wheel Z is con-
structed as shown in Figures 18, 19 and 20, any number of staves from one to six
can be produced per revolution of the wheel Z (provided such staves are short
enough to fit between the studs E on the steel band Z³) by fixing additional
studs P in the wheel Z, and additional studs E¹ in the steel band Z to correspond

page_text: as required, and by increasing or diminishing the speed of the pattern wheel L so
that it will always make one revolution for every stave which passes through.
In order to produce one stave per revolution of the wheel Z' fix a stud at A'.
To produce two staves per revolution of Z' fix an additional stud at B'.
To produce three staves per revolution of Z' remove B' and fix studs at C'.
To produce four staves per revolution of Z' replace stud at B5 and fix additional
studs at D'.
To produce five staves per revolution of Z* remove all studs except the one at A'
and fix studs at F'.
To produce six staves per revolution of Z* remove studs at F' and fix studs at
B', C' and E.
In every case where a change is made in the number of staves to be turned
out per revolution of the wheel Z, it is necessary to adjust the studs on the steel
band Z as required.
The studs E are for the purpose of feeding the blanks through the cutters t
and T2 (Figures 2 and 3) and have knife-edge projections E³ forged out of the
solid, which sink into the end of the material and prevent lateral movement while
passing through the cutters.
The studs E¹ also govern the position of the blank in relation to the lateral
movement of the cutters T'.
The steel band Z' is also fitted with studs E' fastened into it in the same way as
studs E, and having knife-like points E (see Figs. 8 and 9) forged out of the
solid, projecting above the surface of the table B, which sink into the under side
of the blank as it passes under the pressure-rollers B', and assists in preventing
lateral movement while the material is passing through the cutters.
These studs E' can be fixed in any of the holes p in the steel band Z³, shown in
Fig. 6, to suit the different lengths of staves to be manufactured.
All the studs E' and E' are fitted with thick tapered steel washers Y', between
the steel band Z' and the nuts (Fig. 10) which protect the nuts and keep the band
in true position on the wheels Z' and Z' by fitting into the recesses in wheel Z, and
the groove in Z'.
t is a cutter-head to reduce the material to an uniform thickness, and at the
same time to round it off to the proper form for the back of the stave. This
cutter-head is made in the same way as cutter-head S, which is shown in Figures 14
and 15, except that the knives are ground concave instead of convex. The
bearings of this cutter can be adjusted up or down to allow for different thicknesses
of staves being manufactured.
B' are rollers, suitably grooved to accommodate the steel band Z' with
attachments, over which the blanks are carried in their passage through the
cutters and T, and may be driven, if necessary for heavy work, to act in
conjunction with the carrier-band Z in feeding the machine, thus relieving the
strain on the carrier-band Z.
B' are pressure rollers formed with a small knife-edge bead round the centre to
grip the material and prevent lateral movement. The journals of these rollers
slide up and down in their bearings to allow different thicknesses of material to
pass through without adjustment.
Gare a pair of cast-iron swinging brackets hinged into the brackets F with
adjustable tapered pins G¹ kept in position by the set-screws was shown in
Figure 7, and adjustable downwards to compensate for wear.
The brackets & have a long slot in which are fixed the rods I by means of the
nuts f. The rods I carry the steel rollers which press against the rim of the
pattern-wheel L, the pressure being caused by the weights 9 which are attached
to the swinging brackets G by means of cords r passing over pulleys 9 on the
bearers n, as shown in Figure 13. These rollers revolve on steel countersunk
checse-headed bolts, on which they are journalled.
The swinging brackets G also carry the vertical shafts 6 on the lower ends of
which are the cutter-heads T' for jointing the edges of the staves.

page_text: Fare a pair of brackets (securely bolted to the table A) specially formed to
accommodate the swinging brackets G, and have tapered holes to receive the
pins G¹.
L is a cast iron and steel pattern wheel made as follows:-A suitable cast-iron
disc is provided, turned on its face and keyed true on the spindle S'. A piece of
steel of suitable thickness is theu shaped to the form of a stave with a high bilge,
similar to the class of stave to be manufactured, welded into the form of a hoop,
and shrunk on, or otherwise securely fastened to the cast-iron disc, which must be
of less thickness at the rim than the narrowest part of the hoop. It is then put in
a lathe, turned on the face and inside the projecting rim, and a centre line is scribed
on the outside of the rim, to finish the edges by, and to show whether the wheel
is revolving truly in line. The rim of the wheel is then finished true by this centre
line and a mark made at the widest point of the rim to correspond with the centre
of the pattern.
Cross lines are then marked on the outside of the rim, to act as
indicators in setting the machine for different lengths of staves, each line
corresponding to a certain length of stave and to lines of corresponding numbers
in the table B, the distance of the cross line for that length, measured round the
rim from the centre-mark, being equal to half the length of that stave.
One pattern rim will suit for the manufacture of all sizes of staves of similar
class to such pattern, and of a lower bilge than the pattern, but when staves of
special shape are required a special pattern rim must be provided.
The spindle S carrying the pattern wheel L is driven from the spindle Z by
means of a chain belt working on the sprockets M and M', of which M is the
driver and so arranged that the rim of L travels at the same speed as the carrier-
band Z, so that the pattern-wheel L makes one revolution, opening and guiding
the closing of the cutters T' as each blank passes through.
The bilge of the stave may be increased or diminished by altering the position
of the rods I in the slots P and moving the horseshoe shaped casting G², carrying
the bearings of the spindle S2 with the pattern wheel L along the bearers n, which
are slotted to allow of this movement, and fixing the spindle S' directly over the
rods I. The bearers n are supported on castings C¹ bolted to the brackets E
and F which are bolted to A.
The bilge on L is made higher than the bilge required on the finished stave,
thereby any defects in the true shaping of the pattern wheel L are modified in
the stave produced, such defects being increased under arrangement of original
machine.
The vertical spindles are driven from the top by half-twist belts from the
pulleys T passing round the pulleys T' in order to avoid dust, etc. on the working
parts. The spindles are fitted with collars N' and work in the special adjustable
bearings H', which are so arranged that the wear is principally on one of the
brasses only, and not at the joint of the two sides of the bearing (see Figs. 16
and 17), which is such an objection in some forms of adjustable bearings. The
wear of these bearings may be compensated by stripping the bearing faces in the
usual way and screwing up the bolts and the set pins A². The set pins A³ are
for the purpose of fixing the bearings H' as required.
from
The shanks H are set into the swinging brackets G and kept in position by the
set pins B which arrangement allows of a slight movement of the spindle
the vertical, to adjust the angle of the cutters T2, and also allows the shauks H
with the spindles b to be moved bodily in or out with the cutter heads T' to joint
wide or narrow staves as required.
A pair of cutter beads 'T' are carried by the spindles 6 for the purpose of
jointing the staves, dressing their edges to the proper bilge and at the same time
giving them the necessary bevel. These cutter heads are made of a gang of thick
circular saws set close together on the spindles b, and are prevented from revolving
on the spindle by a sunk key fixed on the spindle, the whole of the saws being a
good fit to the spindle and key, and arranged in such a manner that the teeth of
one saw are opposite the gullets of the next.

page_text: These saws are placed in position on the spindle and held tightly by a nut in
the usual way, and before sharpening, and while revolving, are ground to the
average bevel required for the class of staves to be produced, by means of the
appliance shown at Fig. 21, and the exact bevel required for any size of stave
is given them by slightly inclining the vertical spindle in the manner described
above.
As an alternative a similar cutter head to that shown at S may also be used
instead of Ts for certain kinds of timber, and by using this cutter thick billets of
timber can be jointed, and each, billet afterwards sawn into several staves, thus
giving this machine a very large capacity.
Also the following modification of cutter T is used for certain woods. One,
two or more stout circular saws are set askew on the spindle, so that they will make
a cut as wide as the edge of the thickest blauk to be jointed, and ground while
revolving on the spindles till the development of the path of the edges of the saws
forins a figure similar to cutter T. These saws when at rest being elliptical and
eccentric, see Fig. 22.
Staves may be tongued and grooved on the edges or otherwise made to any
desired joint in this machine, by using properly formed cutters for the purpose.
The cutter-heads t and T are housed in such a manner that the exhausting
fan U draws away all chips and dust and discharges them where convenient.
This housing is not shown on the drawings. The chips from the cutter S are also
removed in a similar manner.
The wheels Z and Z are also fitted with a removable case to keep out chips
and dust.
The spindle X carrying the pulley V' and the sprocket X' (see Figures 1 and 2)
is driven by a strong twist belt round the pulleys V and V'.
V and X, of which X' is the driver, are sprockets carrying the chain-belt V*
which travels in the opposite direction to Z as indicated by the arrows and at the
same speed as Z³.
The chain-helt V has a number of sharp steel projections V on it. These are
forced into the back of the stave, and the chain-belt V³ kept in position by the
grooved pressure rollers Y; after the stave has passed through the cutters t and T³,
the chain-belt V³ carries the stave over the cutter-head S.
The pressure rollers Y keep the stave pressed down on the table, and are grooved
to receive the chain-belt V3, the projections only standing out beyond the rollers,
to hold the stave and keep it truly in line, and are made slightly concave to suit
the rounded back of the stave.
Cutter heads made like T are used as an alternative for S and t for hard timber
or when a very rapid feed is necessary. In such case the saws before sharpening
are ground, while revolving on the spindle to a suitable shape for backing and
hollowing the stave.
The cast-iron frame X is hinged to the bracket by the tapered pin Xand is
provided with two small rollers (not shown on the drawings) which rest on the
eccentric cams W2 (Fig. 5). This frame carries the hollowing cutter S and
gradually rises and falls as the eccentric cams W* revolve, being steadied on the
cams by weight M².
Ware adjustable eccentric cams making one revolution as each stave passes
through, and so arranged that the throw of the eccentric is vertical, as the centre
of the stave passes over the cutter-head S.
These canis in their revolution raise and lower the hinged frame X carrying the
hollowing cutter S, the effect being that as the stave passes over S the cut is
gradually increased in depth and the thickness of the stave correspondingly reduced
until the centre of the stave is reached, when owing to the lowering of the cutter S
on the frame X by means of the cams, the cut is gradually reduced and the
thickness of the stave correspondingly increased towards the other end. Staves of
any shape required may be produced by using special cams.

page_text: Figure 11
1s a section and Figure 12 an elevation of these eccentric cams
showing the slotted hole and the set screws d for increasing or decreasing the
throw of the eccentric W, by which adjustment the difference between the end and
centre thicknesses of the stave are increased or decreased, as required for the
various kinds of staves to be operated upon.
The cams can also be turned round on the shaft to regulate the time of raising
or lowering the frame X, the shaft having a groove round it to hold the ends of
set screws d and keep the cams in their place on the shaft while being turned
round for adjustment. The spindle carrying the cams W' runs in bearings which
are adjustable vertically.
Wis an eccentric adjusted in the same way as cams W³, carrying the rod A¹,
which is connected to the hinged part D of the table D³.
D is the portion of the table which supports the staves after they pass the
hollowing cutter S. It is hinged to the cast-iron table D³ at D³, and is raised and
lowered by the revolution of the cam W, which being on the same shaft as W'
acts in conformity with it, the height of the hinged table D corresponding with
that of the cutter S, though the time is a little later, the first point of hinged
table D being at its greatest height as the centre of the stave passes over that
point, and so arranged that D is level when the ends of the stuve pass over the
point of it. By this arrangement the stave is held firmly both before and after it
passes the cutter head S, a condition necessary for good work.
S is the hollowing cutter head shown in Figures 14 and 15, where S is the block
to which are bolted the cutters a and m. The cutters a have a curved serrated
edge as shown in Figure 15, while the cutters m have a plain curved edge. They
are bolted to block S through slots, the slots in in being just wide enough to admit
the bolt, while the centre slot in a is large enough to admit small nuts also, the
slots in the cutters being in opposite directions. In setting up, first the cuters m
are bolted to the block S by means of the centre bolt Q' and carefully adjusted in
position, small nuts being used to hold them on temporarily. The cutters a are
then put on and held in their proper positions by the outer bolts O*, which, when
screwed up, hold both the cutters a and m in position. The small nuts are then
taken off the centre bolt Q' and large nuts, wide enough to project over the slots
in a, are screwed on, all three bolts then helping to hold down both cutters.
In Figures 1, 2, 3 and 5, F is the main counter shaft of the machine carrying
the pulleys P, Q, R, T, D', and U.
T drives T operating the cutter heads T'.
Q drives Q working the backing cutter head t.
R drives R' working the hollowing cutter head S.
P drives P' which is connected with O on same shaft by the clutch H' worked
by the lever j to start or stop the feed of the machine.
O is a spur wheel geared into O', which works the sprocket N on same shaft,
which is also geared by a chain belt to sprocket N', which in turn works the
spindle Z carrying the wheel Z operating the steel band Z. The spindle Z also
carries the sprockets M and W. and pulley V.
The sprocket M drives the sprocket M by a chain belt which operates the
pattern wheel L, and so regulates the lateral movement of the cutters T³, as
described above.
The pulley V drives the pulley V₁ by a heavy twist belt.
Figure 21 is a side view of an appliance for the purpose of grinding the cutters T'
and their alternative cutters to correct shape while revolving on their spindles. In
Figure 21 A is a cast-iron standard bracket, being planed true to fit on the
table A, to which it is fixed when required by the stud F4, it is also bored out to
receive the spindle B.
B' is a vertical spindle fitted with collars and nut to hold the stone E³, also fitted
with a moveable collar C for the purpose of setting and holding the spindle B*,
carrying the stone E' at the height required.

page_text: E' is a stone of any suitable material (or may be formed of a number of stones)
for the purpose of grinding or rounding off the cutters to true shape when required,
before sharpening.
D is a hand wheel for turning the stone E³ round in the operation of grinding
the cutters. The stone E may be prepared for grinding the cutters to suit any
kind of joint required by placing the spindle B' with the stone E' in a lathe and
turning it up to the shape necessary. The process of grinding or rounding the
cutters is as follows, viz. :-After turning the stone E' to correct shape, replace it
in the bracket A, then fix the bracket A on the table A so that the cutter T
will be just touching the stone E' and slack the set pin in the sprocket M', then let
the cutter head T revolve at a moderate speed and keep it up to the stone E' by
turning round the pattern wheel L a little as required, the stone Es also is turned
round very slowly by the hand-wheel D*, so as to present a grinding surface of the
true shape, thus readily grinding the cutter perfectly to shape. The stone E' will
grind the cutters many times without requiring to be turned again. This system
may also be used to advantage in rounding off the cutters. for backing and hollowing
when saws are used, but for this purpose a horizontal instead of a vertical spindle
is required.
The operations of backing, jointing and hollowing staves in this machine as set
forth on the drawings and described in the Specification are as follows:-The
various parts of the machine having been adjusted, the operator places the blank
on the table B against the fence h. As the stud E' travels along the slot in the
table B the part which projects above the table comes into contact with the end of
the blank and feeds it into the machine, the knife edge on E' sinking into the end
of the material and the knife point on top of E being forced into the under side of
the blank as it passes under the pressure roller B, these studs and the sharp ridge
on roller B guiding the blank in true line, first under the cutter t, which rounds.
the back of the stave, at the same time reducing it to gauge thickness; then
between the cutters T, which reduce the stave to the proper bilge und bevel..
The bilge is produced by the operation of the pattern wheel L, which spreads, and
guides the closing of, the hinged brackets G carrying the cutters T.
After passing through the process of jointing, the stave is carried along by the
steel band under the first roller Y, the weight of which presses the sharp
projections V in chain Vinto the back of the stave, enabling the chain V* to
carry the stave over the cutter head S, which, being convex on the cutting face,
hollows the stave transversely; at the same time the cutter S gradually rises until
the centre of the stave is reached, then gradually falling as the end approaches,
in accordance with the revolution of the eccentric cams W' as described; the
effect of this rising and falling of the cutter head S being, that the thickness of the
stave is gradually reduced from the ends towards the centre.
As the stave passes the cutter head S it is held up to the pressure rollers Y by
the hinged part of the table D, which is raised and lowered in conformity with the
rising and falling of the cutter head S by the eccentric W' acting through the
rod A' as explained above under this head. By this arrangement the stave is held
firmly while passing over the cutter head S, a condition necessary for the successful
working of the cutters.
After passing S the stave is carried on by the chain V* and delivered clear of all
the working parts of the machine; the motion of the material in its conversion
into a stave being continuous and regular from end to end of the machine.
The machine may be used to manufacture staves of any size or shape, and is set
ready for work in the following way :-Choose a pattern wheel of suit ible form for
the class of stave required, and set the pattern-wheel L and the rods I in position to
produce the required bilge, by adjusting the rods 1 in the slots P and moving the
horse-shoe shaped casting G, carrying the bearings of pattern-wheel L along
the bearers n; care being taken that the pattern-wheel L is immediately over the
rods I.

page_text: Slack the set screw in sprocket M' and turn the pattern-wheel L round until
the indicator line on the face of its rim, corresponding to the length of stave
required is exactly opposite the centre of the two small rollers (Fig. 13).
Place a stave of the required length on the table B with one end exactly opposite
the centre of the cutters T and turn the feed gear until one of the studs E' presses
its knife edge into the stave in this position, and lock the sprocket M. Or if the
table B is marked with indicator lines as described under that head, the stud E' is
brought up to the indicator line by turning the feed gear:
Adjust the bevel of cutters T' by means of the set-screws B on shanks H, as
described under that head.
Raise or lower the bearings of backing cutter-head t as required.
Adjust the eccentric cams W' by the set-screws d to give the stave the required
reduction in thickness from the ends to the centre.
Adjust the eccentric W³ to the same throw as W and set it on the shaft at the
correct angle with W to allow for the time the centre of the stave takes to pass
from centre of S to point of table D.
Lock all adjustable parts and the machine is ready for work.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1.-The general arrangement, construction, and combination of the machine and
of its various parts substantially as and for the purposes set forth and described.
2. In combination with a machine such as described, the steel carrier band Z*
scribed with a centre line and fitted with studs E' substantially as and for the
purposes described and set forth.
3. In combination with a machine such as described, the steel carrier band Z'
scribed with a centre line and fitted with studs E' at equal distances and with the
adjustable studs E' and having a number of holes to accommodate the same
substantially as and for the purposes described and set forth.
4. In combination with a steel carrier band in a machine such as described, the
steel studs E' with knife edge projection E and tapered washer Y' substantially as
and for the purposes described and set forth.
5. In combination with a steel carrier band in a machine such as described, the
steel studs E' with knife point projection E, and tapered washers Y', substantially
as and for the purposes described and set forth.
6. In combination with a steel carrier baud in a machine such as described, the
manner of fixing the studs E' and E' in the carrier band Z substantially as and for
the purposes described and set forth.
7. In combination with the steel carrier band Z in a machine such as herein
described, the driving wheel Z with tapered recesses to receive the washers Y'
substantially as and for the purposes described and set forth.
8. In combination with the steel carrier band Z in a machine such as herein
described, the driving wheel Z with tapered annular groove to receive the
washers Y, substantially as and for the purposes described and set forth.
9. In combination with the steel carrier band Z' in a machine such as herein
described, the driving wheel Z* with tapered annular groove having holes drilled in
exact positions to receive studs P substantially as shown at Figure 18 and
described in the Specification.
10. In combination with the steel carrier band Z' in a machine such as herein
described, the driving wheel Z with tapered annular groove having holes drilled in
exact positions to receive studs P, the interchangeable tapered studs P4, sub-
stantially as and for the purposes described and set forth.
11. In combination with the steel carrier band Z' in a machine such as herein
described, the wheel Z' with tapered annular groove to receive the washers Y
substantially as and for the purposes described and set forth.

page_text: 12. In combination with a machine such as described, the steel table B with
indicator liues and guide fence substantially as and for the purposes described and
set forth.
13. In combination with a machine such as described, the manner of fixing the
steel table B and the parts thereof, substantially as and for the purposes described
and set forth.
14. In combination with the table D' in a machine such as described, the
hinged part D, substantially as and for the purposes described and set forth.
15. In combination with the table D in a machine such as described, the
manner of working the hinged part D by means of the eccentric W', substantially
as described and set forth.
16. In combination with a machine such as described, the pressure rollers B'
with knife-edged bead, substantially as and for the purposes described and set
forth.
17. In combination with a machine such as described, the pattern wheel L with
a scribed centre line, and indicator lines for setting the wheel, substantially as and
for the purposes described and set forth.
18. In combination with a machine such as described, the particular manner of
fixing the pattern-wheel L in relation to the cutters T so that the effect of any
imperfections in the shape of the rim of the pattern-wheel are modified on the
staves produced, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
19. In combination with the pattern-wheel L, the horse-shoe shaped casting G'
carrying the bearings of same, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
20. In combination with the pattern-wheel L, a centre line scribed on its rim,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
21. In combination with a machine such as described, the arrangement of the
spindles 6 driven from the top to avoid dust, &c., on the working parts, carrying
the cutters T, with collars N³, working in the bearings H¹ in the shanks H fitted
into the swinging brackets G, substantially as set forth.
22. In combination with a machine such as described, the special form of
bearings H, arranged to throw the wear on one-half of the bearings only, and not
at the joints, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
23. In combination with a machine such as described, the shanks H and the
manner of adjusting them substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
24. In combination with a machine such as described, the swinging brackets G
with slots P and tapered pins G', and the manner of operating them, substantially
as and for the purposes set forth.
25. In combination with the hinged bracket G in a machine such as described,
the tapered adjustable pins G' with set screws, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
26. In combination with a machine such as described, the special form of
brackets F, with tapered holes to receive the pins G¹, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
27. In combination with a machine such as herein described, the chain carrier-
band V running on sprockets V and X' with sharp steel projections V*,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
28. In combination with the chain carrier-band V³, the grooved pressure
rollers Y, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
29. In combination with the chain carrier-band V the sharp steel projections V*,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
30. In combination with a machine such as herein described, the hinged
frame X and the manner of fixing the same, substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
31. In combination with a machine such as described, the manner of working
the hinged frame X by means of the eccentric cams W', substantially as and for
the purposes set forth.
32. In combination with a machine such as described, the adjustable eccentric

page_text: cams W, with slotted hole c³ and set-screws d, substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
33. In combination with a machine such as described, the manner of working
the adjustable cams W', substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
34. In combination with a machine such as described, the cutter head S having
plain and serrated knives, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
35. In combination with a machine such as described, the manner of fastening
the knives a und m to the centre block, substantially as set forth.
36. In combination with a cutter head in a machine such as described, the
special form of knives a and m combined, having plain and serrated edges, and
special centre slots for the holding down bolts, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
37. In a machine such as herein described, the combination of the frame X
hinged on to the bracket r by the tapered pin X', carrying the cutter S, resting
on the revolving adjustable eccentrics W2, and working in conjunction with the
hinged part D of the table D' and the chain feed belt Vs, substantially as and for
the purposes set forth.
38. In combination with a machine such as described, the cutter head t with
concave, plain and serrated knives, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
39. In combination with a machine such as described, the cutter heads T
formed of a gang of circular saws ground in place, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
40. In combination with a machine such as described, the alternative cutter
head T constructed in a similar manner to S, substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
41. In combination with a machine such as described, the alternative cutter
head T made of two or more saws set askew on the spindle b, as shown at Fig. 22,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
42. In combination with a macbine such as described, the alternative cutter
head formed of a gang of circular saws, similar to T', ground in place with a
concave cutting face, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
43. In combination with a machine such as described, the alternative cutter S
formed of a gang of circular saws similar to T2, ground in place with a convex
cutting face, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
44. In combination with a machine such as described, the manner of grinding
- the face of the cutter heads T2, t and S in place, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 30th day of August. A D) 1894
J. W. LAHEY.
T. G. LAHEY.