furces for heating rivets, furnaces for heating tires, furnaces for heating iron or other metal bars or plates of various forms and furnaces for heating crucibles for melting metals or alloys.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Aug., 1887
Complete Left, 7th May, 1888
Complete Accepted, 8th June, 1888
I, JAMES BALLANTYNE HANNAY, of Cove Castle, Loch Long, in the County of
Dumbarton, North Britain, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention
to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object to increase the efficiency of fuel and to expedite the
operation of furnaces or heating apparatus; and whilst the Invention is applicable to
furnaces or apparatus of various sizes it is very advantageously and conveniently
available for furnaces of comparatively small sizes and used intermittently such as
furnaces for heating rivets, furnaces for heating tires, furnaces for heating iron or
other metal bars or plates of various forms and furnaces for heating crucibles for
melting metals or alloys.
"
"
In carrying out the Invention, the furnace chamber of a suitable form for the
special purpose in each case is constructed with the whole or most part of its interior
of firebrick, and the beat is supplied by means of one or more pyrigen "burners.
The pyrigen burner is a spray lamp modified to adapt it for heating purposes,
from which burner oil is by air under pressure made to issue in a strong jet of fine
spray which is ignited. For the purposes of the present Invention a considerable air
pressure is employed and the spray jet is directed so as to impinge repeatedly on the
internal firebrick surface of the furnace chamber. The firebrick thus impinged on
becomes intensely heated and this condition combined with the agitation and violent
intermixing of the impinging spray renders its combustion very complete, and
results in the development of very great heat from a comparatively very small supply
of fuel.
When it is wished to concentrate the flame of the pyrigen burner so as to make it
act very energetically on or in a small or confined space a separate additional strong
air jet is directed obliquely into the flame so as to act on it like an ordinary blow
pipe.
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicant's Agent.

page_text: Improvements in Furnaces or Heating Apparatus.
I, JAMES BALLANTYNE HANNAY, of Cove Castle, Loch Long, in the County of
Dumbarton, North Britain, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object to increase the efficiency of fuel and to expedite
the operation of furnaces or heating apparatus, and whilst the Invention is applicable
to furnaces or apparatus of various sizes it is very advantageously and conveniently
available for furnaces of comparatively small sizes and used intermittently, such as
furnaces for heating iron or other metal bars or plates of various forms, furnaces for
heating rivets, furnaces for heating crucibles for melting metals or alloys, and
furnaces for heating tires.
"
66
وو
In carrying out the Invention, the furnace chamber of a suitable form for the
special purpose in each case is constructed with the whole or most part of its
interior of firebrick, and the heat is supplied by means of one or more pyrigen
burners. The pyrigen burner is a spray lamp" which may be constructed sub-
stantially as described in my Patent Specifications Nos. 1632 and 3113 of 1887
or in any other suitable manner, the same being modified if necessary to adapt it
for heating purposes. From this kind of burner oil is by air under pressure made
to issue in a strong jet of fine spray which is ignited. For the purposes of the present
Invention a considerable air pressure is employed say 15 to 20 pounds per square
inch and the spray jet is directed so as to impinge repeatedly on the internal fire-
brick surface of the furnace chainber. The firebrick thus impinged on becomes
intensely heated, and this condition combined with the agitation and violent inter-
mixing of the impinging spray renders its combustion very complete, and results
in the development of very great.heat from a comparatively very small supply of
fuel.
When it is wished to concentrate the flame of the pyrigen burner so as to make
it act very energetically on. or in a small or confined space a separate additional
strong air jet is directed obliquely into the flame so as to act on it like an ordinary.
blow pipe.
:
..
And in order that my said Invention and the manner of performing the same may
be properly understood I hereunto append two sheets of explanatory drawings showing
several modifications of my improved furnace.
Figures, 1, and 2, on sheet, 1, of the accompanying drawings-are- vertical and
horizontal sections of a furnace made according to my Invention. Figures, 3, and 4,
are similar views of a second modification. Figures 5, and 6, are a vertical section
and a plan of a third modification. Figures, 7, and 8, on sheet, 2, are vertical and
horizontal sections of a horizontal arrangement-of-my furnace specially adapted for

page_text: heating wheel tires and figures, 9, and 10, are a vertical section and an end elevation
of a vertical arrangement for a similar purpose.
In the modification shown in figures, 1, and 2, the furnace chamber, F, constructed
in firebrick is of a simple oblong rectangular form, and has at one end a number of
holes, H, for introducing iron rods to be heated for making rivets or other articles.
At the middle of the end opposite to the holes, H, and at the top of the chamber there
is an inlet opening, I, into which the pyrigen burner, P, is inserted, and from which
the ignited jet of spray is projected towards the other end of the chamber. Two
outlets, O, are provided for the escaping gases, these outlets being in the bottom of
the chamber at the same end as the inlet, I, but at the corners instead of at the
middle. The effect of this construction is that the flame or current of ignited spray
proceeds first from the inlet end, and descending somewhat divides and returns along
or near the bottom of the chamber to the outlets, O.
In the modification shown in figures, 3, and 4, the inlet, I, is shown in a somewhat
lower position than in figures, 1, and 2, and the outlets, O, are in the end instead of
in the bottom of the chamber, whilst there is a doorway, D, at the side for introducing
rivets or articles to be heated. In other respects the furnace is internally the same as
what is shown in figures, 1, and 2, and hereinbefore described, and the course of the
flames or ignited spray or gas is similar.
In the modification shown in figures, 5, and 6, the furnace chamber is of a
cylindrical form and is suitable for heating a crucible, C, or similar article. A
cover, R, is provided for closing the chamber, if required, when the heating
operation is proceeding. The pyrigen burner, P, indicated by dotted lines is in
this example inserted in an inlet, I, entering the concave inner side at the bottom,
and the flames or ignited spray or gases after encircling the crucible once or oftener
pass off through an outlet, O, at a higher level.
The furnace shown in figures, 7, and 8, is constructed for heating a wheel tire, T,
in a horizontal position, the furnace chamber, F, is in a circular form, corresponding
to the tire. The centre, G, is shown as built up, so that the furnace chamber is really
of an annular form; but this is immaterial as the main current of the flames or fire
gases would pass near the outer circumference even with the centre part, G not built
up. When a tyre, T, has been placed in the furnace chamber, F, and is about to be
heated a roof piece or cover, R, which consists of an iron frame with firebrick slabs,
is lowered down so as to close the furnace. This cover, R, is suspended by means
of a chain passing over pulleys to a counterweight; and is made with an opening
at one part over which a short chimney, S, is fixed for the escape of the used fire
gases. The pyrigen burner, P, is inserted into a tangential or nearly tangential
opening into the furnace chamber, F, and the ignited jet of spray issuing from it
passes round the annular space, the current being repeatedly reflected or bended
by impinging on the circumferential or concave surface of the chamber, F. Between
the inlet opening for the jet and the outlet to the chimney, S, the passage is blocked
by inserting pieces, B, of firebrick or any convenient refractory material.
In the vertical arrangement of furnace shown in figures, 9, and 10, the circum-
ferential or concave part of the furnace chamber, F, does not form a complete circle
part being as it were cut away to allow space for introducing and removing the tire, T,
doors, D, being provided for closing the opening. The pyrigen burner, P, is placed
so as to direct the ignited jet of spray horizontally and tangentially or nearly so to
the circular concave part of the furnace chamber, F. The current of flames or fire
gases passes round the circular part extending to about a semicircle, and envelopes
the tire, T, in its passage, the gases finally passing off through a chimney, S.
During the time that the tire is being heated it is frequently moved partly
round by means of any convenient instrument introduced through the partly opened
doors, D.
In figures, 1, 5, and 9, a tank, K, is shown in elevation for containing the
oil to supply the pyrigen burner, this tank being shown in plan in figures, 2, 6,
and 8. The compressed air is led to the burner by a pipe from any suitable
compressing apparatus.

page_text: The action of the flame of the pyrigen burner, may be concentrated, when desired,
by the addition of a strong jet of air issuing from a pipe directed obliquely into the
flame so as to act as an ordinary blow pipe, as shown for example at A in
figure, 1.
-
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1-In combination as a furnace for heating various articles, a furnace chamber
made of or lined with firebrick, an oil-spray burner worked with compressed air, an
inlet in which the said burner is placed, and one or more outlets the said outlet or
outlets being situated at or near the same end or part of the furnace as the inlet but
somewhat apart from such inlet, substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore
described.
2 In combination as a furnace for heating tires and the like articles, a furnace
chamber made with a concave inner side or surface of firebrick of a shape corre-
sponding to that of the article to be heated, and an oil-spray burner worked with
compressed air and placed to project the ignited spray jet in a direction nearly
tangential to the said concave surface substantially as herein before described.
Dated this Fifth day of May 1888.
EDMUND HUNT, 2
Applicant's Agent.