IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING OR COOLING LIQUIDS OR GASES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Millar and James Durie, of 11, Exchange
Buildings, St. Mary's Gate, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING OR COOLING
LIQUIDS OR GASES."
Sealed the 25th November 1879, and dated the 30th May 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Millar and James
Durie at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th May 1879.
WILLIAM MILLAR and JAMES DURIE, of 11, Exchange Buildings, St. Mary's Gate,
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR HEATING OR COOLING LIQUIDS OR GASES.'
"
This Invention consists of the application of a nozzle or nozzles in combination
with a tubular apparatus for producing an induced current in the tubes of the said
tubular apparatus, which tubular apparatus may be employed for heating water,
air, or other liquids or fluids by means of steam, exhaust steam from steam engines,
or other hot vapour or fluid in motion, or for condensing steam or cooling water,
air, or other liquids or fluids by means of air or other fluid or liquid in motion.
The fluid or liquid in motion is utilized for producing the induced current through
the tubes in the tubular apparatus, and the heat contained in the induced current
of steam or other hot vapour, liquid, or fluid is utilized for heating the water, air,
or other liquids or fluids on the other side the heating tubes, or the motion of the
steam or other fluid or liquid through the nozzle or nozzles causes a current of cool
air or other fluid or liquid to circulate through the tubes, and so condenses steam
or other condensable vapour, or cools the liquid or fluid on the other side of the
tubes as may be required. The nozzle or nozzles may either be constructed and
form part of the tubular apparatus, or a separate apparatus containing the nozzle
or nozzles may be fixed at some distance from the tubular apparatus, and connected
to the said tubular apparatus by means of a pipe or pipes or a tube or tubes, as
may be required.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Millar and James Durie in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 27th November 1879.
WILLIAM MILLAR and JAMES DURIE, of 11, Exchange Buildings, St. Mary's
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
Gate, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers.
APPARATUS FOR HEATING OR COOLING LIQUIDS OR GASES."
This Invention consists of the application of a nozzle or nozzles in combination
with a tubular apparatus for producing an induced current in the tubes of the said
tubular apparatus, which tubular apparatus may be employed for heating water,
air, or other liquids or fluids, by means of steam, exhaust steam from steam engines,
or other hot vapour or fluid in motion, or for condensing steam, or cooling water,
air, or other liquids or Buids, by means of air or other Huid or liquid in motion.
The fluid or liquid in motion is utilized for producing the induced current through
the tubes in the tubular apparatus, and the heat contained in the induced current
of steam, or other hot vapour, liquid, or fluid is utilized for heating the water, air,
or other liquids or fluids on the other side the heating inbes, or the motion of the
steam or other fluid or liquid through the nozzle or nozzles causes a current of cool
air, or other fluid or liquid to circulate through the tubes, and so condense steam
or other condensable vapour, or cool the liquid or fluid on the other side of the
tubes, as may be required. The nozzle or nozzles may be either constructed and
form part of the tubular apparatus, or a separate apparatus containing the nozzle
or nozzles may be fixed at some distance from the tubular apparatus, and connected
to the said tubular apparatus by means of a pipe or pipes, or a tube or tubes as
may be required. For the purpose of heating water and utilizing part of the heat
in exhaust steam from a steam engine, which hot water may be employed for
feeding the boiler or other purpose, we employ, by preference, a tubular apparatus
in combination with a nozzle and diverging tube, which nozzle and diverging tube
is constructed with and forms part of the tubular apparatus, as herein-after
described, and as shown in the accompanying Drawings; in which Fig. 1 is a
vertical section; Fig. 2 a sectional plan; and Fig. 3, a part sectional elevation
at right angles to Fig. 1. Similar letters in all the Figs. represent similar
parts. The water to be heated is contained in a suitable vessel, A, of cylinderical
or other suitable form, having its axis either vertical, inclined, or horizontal, con-
structed of cast iron, wrought iron, or other suitable material, provided with an
inlet near the bottom B, and an outlet near the top C. Into this vessel A, one or a
suitable number of tubes D project, having their ends closed at one end, the other
end being open and communicating with the chamber E, and fixed into the tube
plate F, by being screwed or expanded into the said tube plate, which tube plate
forms the bottom of the vessel A. Into the interior of the tubes D) are inserted
smaller circulating tubes G, open at both ends, one end communicating with the
interior of the tubes D, near their top end, and the other end being fixed into the
-tube plate H, and communicating with the chamber I. The chamber E and the
chamber I have no direct communication with the atmosphere, but there is a
communication between the chamber E and the chamber by the passage K.
The exhaust steam from the engine passing through the nozzle L and the diverging
tube M will enter the chamber I, and fill it with steam, and the motion of the
steam through the nozzle L and the diverging tube M will produce an induced
current and a partial vacuum in the passage K and the chamber E; this vacuum
will cause the steam to circulate through the circulating tubes G, and the interior
of the tubes D in the direction of the arrows, and so heat the water which is
contained on the exterior of the tubes D. By making the opening N in the
chamber I of an area as large as the area of the nozzle L, there will be a free
passage of the steam out of the chamber I, and a prevention of back pressure on
the piston of the engine. 0, 0, are pipes for conveying away the water that may

page_text: be produced by the condensation of the steam. Fig. 4, which is a part section
represents the application of the nozzle L and the diverging tube AI to a tubular
apparatus having bent tubes D, the exhaust steam from the engine or live steam
passing through the nozzle L, and the diverging tube M will enter the chamber I,
and fill it with steam, and the motion of the steam through the nozzle L and the
diverging tube M will cause a partial vacuum in the chamber E, this partial
vacuum will cause the steam to circulate through the interior of the tubes D in
the direction of the arrows, and so heat the water which is contained in the vessel A,
on the exterior of the tubes D. From the description given of the Figs. 1, 2, 3,
and +, it will be readily understood that a similar arrangement of apparatus may
be employed for heating air or other liquids or fluids. The air or other liquid or
fluid to be heated should be made to enter at the inlet B, and coming in contact
with the tubes D, would be hoated and leave by the outlet C. From the description
given of Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, it will be readily understood that a similar
arrangement of apparatus may be employed for the purpose of utilizing part of
the momentum of a current of cool liquid, or fluid in motion, for producing a
circulation through.the tubes of the tubular apparatus, without the whole of the
current having to pass through the tubes, which would cause an amount of loss of
power by friction, for the purpose of condensing steam or other condensable vapour,
or for cooling water, air, or other liquid or fluid. The cool liquid or fluid in motion
rushing through the nozzle Land diverging tube M will cause a partial vacuum
in passage K and chainber E, and so cause the cold liquid or fluid to circulate
through the circulating tubes G and tubes D (or tubes D, in Fig. 4), and so
condense steam or other condensable vapour, or cool air or other liquids or fluids.
For the purpose of condensing steam or other condensable vapour, or for cooling
water, air, or other fluid or liquid by means of exhaust steam, or live steam; we
prefer to employ an arrangement of tubular apparatus and nozzle, aud_diverging
tube as shewn on Figs. 5, 6, and 7. Fig. represents a section; Figure 6, a
sectional plan; and Figure 7, part section, at right angles to Fig. 5. The exhaust
steam from the engine, or live steam, rushing through the nozzle L and
diverging tube M will cause an induced current and partial vacuum in the chamber
Q, and the chamber R, which is open to the atmosphere, by means of the openings
P, the air of the atmosphere will circulate through the tubes G, and D, and cool
the interior of the tubes D, and so condense the steam or other condensable vapour,
or cool water, air, or other fluid or liquid, on the other side of the tubes D, which
substance to be cooled should enter the vessel A, by means of the inlet X,
and outlet T. A similar arrangement of apparatus to that described, and illustrated
by Figs. 5, 6, and 7, may be employed for causing a circulation of cool water, or
other cool liquid, to circulate through the tubes G and D by means of a jet of
stean, or live steam, passing through the nozzlo L, and diverging tube M, by
connecting the openings P, with a reservoir containing the cool water, or other
liquids instead of leaving the openings P open to the atmosphere. For the
purpose of separating the nozzle from the tubular apparatus; we employ, by
preference, an arrangement, as shown on Fig. 7, which is part section, and
part elevation. The apparatus containing the nozzle L is connected to the tubular
apparatus by means of the pipes S, S. The exhaust steam from the engine, or
other steam in motion, will fill the chamber U, and rushing through the nozzle L
and diverging tube M will cause an induced current, and partial vacuum in the
chambers V and E, and will cause the steam to circulate through the pipes S, S,
the circulating tubes G, and the tubes D. Fig. 9 shows a section of the apparatus
containing the nozzle L, which apparatus will be applicable to situations, where
there is a bend in the pipes conveying the exhaust steam from the steam engine, or
other liquid, or fluid in motion. It will readily be understood that the arrange-
ment of apparatus represented by Fig. 8, and the modification of nozzle apparatus,
Fig. 9, can be applied to the condensing of steam or other condensable vapour, or
to the cooling of water, air, or other liquid or fluid by utilizing a portion of the
cold water or other liquid or fluid rushing through the nozzle L, and causing a

page_text: circulation through the pipes s, and s, and the circulating tubes G, and the tubes D.
It will be readily understood that the arrangement of the apparatus as represented
by Figs. 8 and 9 can be applied to condensing steam or other condensable vapour,
or for cooling air, or water, or other liquid or fluids, by connecting the pipe S to
chambers V and E, and leaving the chamber I open to the atmosphere. Fig. 10,
shews a form of apparatus containing a nozzle L and a nozzle W, which may be
applied in cases where it is desired to produce a stronger current in the pipes S,
and S, and the tubes G and D, than would be produced by the single nozzle L.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of our Invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, we would have it understood that what
we claim as and of our Invention is,―
Firstly. The construction of a tubular apparatus in combination with a nozzle
and diverging tube, to produce a current in the tubes of feed water and other
heaters, substantially in the manner herein before described and illustrated in
Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4.
Secondly. The construction of a tubular apparatus in combination with a nozzle
and diverging tube to produce a current in the tubes of condensers for condensing
steam or other condensible vapour, or for cooling water, air, or other liquids or
fluids, substantially in the manner herein before described and illustrated in
Figs. 5, 6, and 7.
Thirdly. The construction of an apparatus containing a nozzle separate from a
tubular apparatus, but connected to the said tubular apparatus by means of a pipe
or pipes for heating or cooling water, air, or other fluids or liqnids, substantially in
the manner herein before described and illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9.
Fourthly. In circumstances where a greater current is required in the tubes of
tubular apparatus than would be produced by only one nozzle, we employ two
nozzles, substantially in the manner herein-before described and illustrated by
Fig. 10.
And we do not confine ourselves to the precise details shown or described, as the
articles enumerated in our title may be constructed upon similar principles to those
we have explained with slight modifications of detail.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Millar and James Durie, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-second day of November, in
the year of Our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.