Improvements in Woven Fabrics.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 8th July, 1890-Accepted, 9th Aug., 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Woven Fabrics.
I, ALFRED HEALD, of 54, West Johnson Street, Germantown, in the City of
Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, United States of America, Designer of Textile
Fabrics, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
Same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
The main object of my invention is to make from comparatively inexpensive
material, and by a simple process of weaving, a fabric which constitutes an acceptable
substitute for the usual expensive Turkish rugs or carpets, some of the features of
my invention, however, being applicable to the manufacture of other classes of
fabrics.
In the accompanying drawing :-
Fig. 1, is an exagerated diagram of a piece of fabric embodying my invention, the
section being taken along the line of the warps.
Fig. 2, is a diagram of the fabric on a section taken in the direction of the weft,
and
Fig. 3, is a view similar to Fig. 1, but illustrating a modification.
The fabric shown in Figs. 1 and 2, of the drawing comprises a set of figuring wefts,
a stuffing or directing warp for governing the disposal of the figuring wefts, a backing
ply composed of interwoven warps and wefts, preferably heavy, and fine warps
whereby the face or figuring wefts are bound to the backing ply.
Each set of figuring wefts may consist of two or more threads, depending upon the
coloring of the pattern, three threads a, b, and d, being shown in the drawing, repre-
senting for instance, pearl, green and gold, the three colors required by the pattern,
the stuffing and directing warp being represented by f, the warps of the back ply by g,
the wefts of said back ply by h, and the fine binding warps by m.
In producing the fabric shown, a very simple jacquard only is required, as the
warp f, is the only one to be jacked, although, if desired, all of the warps may be
operated by the jacquard. As the warps m, and g, however, only have to form plain
sheds, the warp m, is preferably controlled by a pair of journals and a pair of heddles
is employed for controlling the warps g, of the backing web.
The figuring wefts are picked successively into an open shed of binding warp, and
with the warps g, down, and, after each set of the figuring wefts has been shot in, a
shed of the backing warp g, is formed, and a thick shot of weft h, is thrown in, the
binding shed being then changed and the operation repeated.
In shooting in each figuring weft, the warp f, is lowered at all points where said
weft is to appear in the pattern, and is raised at all other points, there being an
operation of said warp f, for each shot of the figuring weft, so that in any part of the
pattern two of the figuring wefts will be beaten in behind the weft that appears on
the face as will be clearly understood on reference to the drawing.
The warp f, is, by preference, comparatively close or heavy, so that, besides
determining the proper disposal of the figuring wefts it serves to provide a firm
backing for the face of the fabric, and effectually prevents any "grinning" of the
buried wefts between the face wefts.
The fine binding warps m,
preferably take the direct course shown, in order to tie
the face of the fabric to the back web, as this involves but a single operation of the
journals, for each set of wefts, but if said warps m are controlled by the jacquard, they
may bind at any desired point on the face or back.
It will be evident that in carrying out my invention there need not be a thick weft
in the backing web for each repetition of the set of figuring wefts in the face fabric,
for instance, there may be but one of said backing wefts for every two or three

page_text: repetitions of said set of figuring wefts, as for instance, in Fig. 3, in which there is
one for every two repetitions, and fine warps may replace the thick warps f, in some
cases, as also shown in Fig. 3, the essential feature of difference between the face web
of the fabric shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and an ordinary three ply ingrain carpet, being,
aside from the fact that chenille wefts are used, that there is no actual plication of the
face fabric, and although the effect of a three-ply carpet is obtained in the pattern, the
disposal of the figuring weft threads is effected by the jacking of but one set of
warps, and the binding by the operation of but one set of journals, the binding warp
being all of one color, as it is hidden by the chenille fur, and therefore does not mar
the pattern.
In some classes of fabric, however, spun or twisted threads may be substituted for
the chenille threads, if desired, as shown in Fig. 3, for instance, and the binding
warps m, may constitute one of the warps of the back web and may pass over more
than one set of figuring wefts as also shown in said figure.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is :-
1. A woven fabric having face and back webs with fine binding warp tying the
same together, the face web having repeated sets of two or more figuring wefts and a
directing warp separating the face weft from the back weft or wefts of each set, sub-
stantially as hereinbefore specified.
2. A woven fabric, having face and back webs with fine binding warp tying the
same together, said back web constituting a separate ply of interwoven warps and
wefts, and the face web having repeated sets of two or more figuring wefts and a
directing warp separating the face weft from the back weft or wefts of each set, sub-
stantially as herein before specified.
3. A woven fabric having face and back webs with fine binding warp tying the
same together, said face web having repeated sets of two or more figuring wefts of
chenille fur, and a directing warp separating the face weft from the back weft or
wefts of each set, substantially as hereinbefore specified.
4. A woven fabric having face and back webs with fine binding warps tying the
same together, said face web having repeated sets of two or more figuring wefts, and
a directing warp, separating the face weft from the back weft or wefts of each set,
and serving as a stuffer warp, so as to form a close backing for said face wefts, sub-
stantially as herein before specified.
5. A woven fabric having face and back webs with fine binding warp tying the
same together, the back web constituting a separate ply of interwoven warps and
wefts, and the face web having repeated sets of two or more wefts of chenille fur, and
a directing and stuffer warp, separating the face weft from the back weft or wefts of
each set, and forming a close backing for said face wefts, substantially as hereinbefore
specified.
Dated this 4th day of July 1890
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.