IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOXES AND OTHER HOLLOW ARTICLES FROM PAPER PULP AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR.”
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Ransomc, of Rushmere Lodge, Lower Norwood,
and Thomas Mitcheson Gray, of Battersea, both in the County of Surrey, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOXES AND
OTHER HOLLOW ARTICLES FROM PAPER PULP AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR.”
Partly a cominunication from abroad by Seth Wheeler and Edgar Jerome, both
of Albany, in the State of New York, United States of America.
»
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Ransome and
Thomas Mitcheson Gray at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
3rd February 1877.
FREDERICK RANSOME, of Rushmere Lodge, Lower Norwood, and THOMAS
MITCHESON GRAY, of Battersea, both in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF BOXES AND OTHER HOLLOW ARTICLES FROM PAPER PULP
AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR" Partly a communication from abroad by Seth
Wheeler and Edgar Jerome, both of Albany, in the State of New York, United
States of America.
This Invention refers to improvements patented on the 7th of May, 1873,
No. 1649.
The first part of this Invention consists in fitting a brake to the crank shaft
which actuates the form carriers in the box making machine in order to ensure a
steadier motion.
.
The next part of this Invention relates to the apparatus in which the articles,
after having been formed out of pulp, are dried. This apparatus consists of a drying
chamber containing a reel or drum at the lower part, and a similar drum at the
upper part, an endless band passing over them both, the articles to be dried
being carried on the suspended shelves, which are made perforated for the moisture
to drain off and for the drying air to get perfect access; the lower drum is revolved
intermittently by ratchet gear or other suitable mechanism; the damp articles are
supplied to the shelves by means of another endless band passing through the
drying box horizontally and worked intermittently by ratchet or other suitable
gear. There is automatic gear for pushing the articles from the latter band on to
one of the shelves, and also for removing them therefrom when they are dried.

page_text: The drying chamber is supplied with a current of air, by preference in a dry and
warm state, by means of a fan which draws from an air drying stove or chamber;
this chamber may conveniently be formed all round the steam boiler which supplies
steam to the driving engine, the outside mantle being preferably covered with non-
conducting material. The current of air enters by preference at the bottom of the
drying chamber and passes freely out at the top, where the chamber may be fitted
with one or more flaps for somewhat regulating the outlet. The articles having
been thus dried are next colored in a machine of the following description:-It
has an endless band or chain moved with intermittent pauses by ratchet or frictional
or other gear.
These boxes to be colored are placed on prongs, or caps, or other carriers, formed
on disca on the band, and brought successively against a revolving brush or brushes
which receive color by contact with a drum revolving in color or supplied with
color from a supply vessel above it; in the latter caso the drum is preferably
formed with screw thread or other grooves for retaining the color; the box is
revolved by gearing or by frictional contact with the brush while being colored on
its circumference. The band being then automatically moved a short space, the
box just colored on the side comes in contact with a revolving brush or brushes
receiving color from the aforesaid color drum or from a separate color drum.
The boxes are then passed up through a drying chamber in connection therewith
and heated by steam pipes or other convenient means, but preferably in a manner
similar to the first described drying chamber. They are then finally in succession
brought against revolving smoothing brushing appliances. Or according to a
modified arrangement, the boxes to be dried are put on prongs, caps, or other
carriers on a table or disc revolving with intermittent pauses by frictional or other
gear, the carriers with the boxes being revolved by gear or by frictional contact with
the revolving brush or brushes, which may be supplied with color in a similar
manner as above described. The boxes having thus been colored are passed
to an embossing machine.
The pressing or embossing machine is constructed as follows:-It has a revolving
head formed with, say two or three bosses on which the boxes or covers fit. A.
presser plate or plunger is by knuckle joint action or other intermittent action
brought against the boss, having a box or cover on, thus compressing and if desired
also embossing the bottom thereof; simultaneously with this action a mould con-
sisting of sections, the number being regulated according to the shape of the box to
be pressed, is by knuckle joint or other mechanical motion made to act upon the
circumference of the box or cover, thereby compressing and if desired also embossing
it. While one box or cover is thus being pressed, the attendant changes an already
pressed box for an impressed one.
In the carrying out of this Invention it is preferred, as above described, to color
the boxes before subjecting them to pressure in the embossing machine, as it is
found that their finish is thereby improved, as compared with the heretofore
practised mode of manufacture, according to which the coloring process came after
the pressing or embossing.
cover.
The next improvement refers to a machine for smoothing the edge of box or
This machine consists mainly of a spindle, fitted at one or both ends with
Ransome's patent emery or other grinding stone or wheel formed on one face with
a slight groove of the size of the diameter of the box.
Another improvement refers to a machine for smoothing flange of box or cover.
One or more revolving spindles with boss or dise on one end are made to fit the
inside of box and cover respectively. There are jointed presser plates operated
by cam or eccentric motion, and periodically made to press the box and cover on to
their bosses. Paste, colored or not, is put on to the flange of box and cover by
brushes revolving in paste troughs; revolving V pulleys, or presser jaws operated
intermittently by cam or other suitable motion, press against the flange of box and
'cover and thus smooth them off.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Fraderick Ransome and Thomas Mitcheson Gray in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 3rd August 1877.
FREDERICK RANSOME, of Rushmere Lodge, Lower Norwood, and THOMAS
MITCHESON GRAY, of Battersca, both in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF BOXES AND OTHER HOLLOW ARTICLES FROM PAPER PULP
AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR." Partly a communication from abroad by Seth
Wheeler and Edgar Jorome, both of Albany, in the State of New York, United
States of America.
This Invention refers to improvements patented on the 7th of May, 1873'
No. 1649.
The first part of this Invontion consists in fitting a brake to the crank shaft
which actuates the form carriers in the box making machine in order to ensure a
stendlier motion.
The next part of this Invention relates to the apparatus in which the articles,
after having been formed out of pulp, are dried. This apparatus consists of a drying
chamber containing a reel or drum at the lower part, and a similar drum at the
upper part, an endless band passing over them both, the articles to be dried being
carried on the suspended shelves, which are made perforated for the moisture to
drain off and for the drying air to get perfect access; the lower drun is revolved
intermittently by ratchet gear or other suitable mechanism; the damp articles are
supplied to the shelves by means of another endless band passing through the
drying box horizontally and worked intermittently by ratchet or other suitable
gear. There is automatic gear for pushing the articles from the latter band on to
one of the shelves, and also for removing them therefrom when they are dried.
The drying chamber is supplied with a current of air, by preference in a dry and
warın state, by means of a fan which draws from an air drying stove or chamber;
this chamber may conveniently be formed all round the steam boiler which supplies
steam to the driving engine, the outside mantle being preferably covered with non-
conducting material. The current of air enters by preference at the bottom of the
drying chamber and passes freely out at the top, where the chamber may be fitted
with one or more flaps for somewhat regulating the outlet. The articles having
been thus dried are next colored in a machine of the following description:-It has
an endless band or chain moved with intermittent pauses by ratchet or frictional or
other gear.
.
.The boxes to be colored are placed on prongs, or caps, or other carriers formed on
or fitted to the band, and brought successively against a revolving brush or brushes
which receive color by contact with a drum revolving in color or supplied with
color from a supply vessel above it; in the latter case the drum is preferably
formed with screw thread or other grooves for retaining the color; the box is
revolved by gearing or by frictional contact with the brush while being colored.
The band being then automatically moved a short space, the box just colored comes
in contact with another revolving brush or brushes, receiving color or not from the
aforesaid color drum or from a separate color drum. The boxes are then passed up
through a drying chamber in connection therewith and heated by steam pipes or
other convenient means, but preferably in a manner similar to the first described
drying chamber. They are then finally in succession brought against revolving
smoothing brushing appliances. Or according to a modified arrangement, the boxes
to be dried are put on prongs, caps, or other carriers on a table or disc revolving
with intermittent pauses by frictional or other gear, the carriers with the boxes
being revolved by gear or by frictional contact with the revolving brush or brushes,
which may be supplied with color in a similar manner as above described. The
boxes having been thus colored are passed to an embossing machine.
The pressing or embossing machine is constructed as follows:-It has a revolving

page_text: "
head formed with, say, two or three bosses, on which the boxes or covers fit. A
presser plate or plunger is by knuckle joint action or other intermittent action
brought against the boss, having a box or cover on, thus compressing and if desired
also embossing the bottom thereof; simultaneously with this action a mould con-
sisting of sections, the number being regulated. according to the shape of the box to
be pressed, is by knuckle joint or other mechanical motion made to act upon the
circumference of the box or cover, thereby compressing, and if desired also embossing
While one box or cover is thus being pressed, the attendant changes an already
pressed box for an unpressed one.
it.
In the carrying out of the Invention it is preferred, as above described, to color
the boxes before subjecting them to pressure in the embossing machine, as it is
found that their finish is thereby improved as compared with the heretofore practiced
mode of manufacturo, according to which the coloring process came after the pressing
or embossing.
The next improvement refers to a machine for smoothing the edge of box or cover.
This machine consists mainly of a spindle fitted at one or both ends with Ransome's
Patent emery or other grinding stone or wheel, formed on one face with a slight
groove of the size of the diameter of the box.
Another improvement refers to a machine for smoothing flange of box or cover.
One or more revolving spindles with boss or disc on one end are made to fit the
inside of box and cover respectively. There are jointed presser plates operated
by cam or eccentric motion, and periodically made to press the box and cover on to
their bosses. Paste or size, colored or not, is put on to the flange of box and cover
by brushes revolving in troughs. Revolving V pulleys or presser jaws operated inter-
mittently by cam or other suitable-motion press against the flange of box and cover,
and thus smooth them off. From this machine the boxes or covers are passed on to
the aforesaid colouring and embossing machines.
Figure 1, Sheet 1, of the accompanying Drawings, is an end view of the crank
shaft A, which actuates the aforesaid form carriers in the box making inachine
referred to; B is the vertical shaft, receiving motion therefrom by means of a crank
pin N in a crank disc C on the shaft A. To this crank disc or to another disc on
the same shaft we fit a brake; D is a lever provided with an adjustable weight E at
one side of the fulcrum F, and a brake block G at the other end; H is a bracket
fixed to the bottom framing of the machine.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is an end view of the apparatus for
drying the articles after they have been formed out of pulp; Figure 2 is a front
view; and Figure 3, a vertical cross section. The drying chamber A is of any
required height, and contains a reel B at the top and a similar reel B' at the bottoin.
An endless chain B* extends between the reels, and the articles to be dried are
carried on shelves suspended in links C attached to the endless chain. Figures 3a
shew one of the shelves separately; it is perforated or open to allow the inoisture
freely to drain off, and to allow the drying atmosphere to circulate freely around
the articles placed thereon. The bottom reel B' is revolved intermittently by means
of the ratchet D and gearing shewn at Figure 1, the damp articles being supplied
by an endless band E in front of the machine, and actuated by bevel gearing froin
the lower reel shaft. At certain intervals the articles on the endless band E are
pushed from the band and on to the travelling shelves of the reel by a bar F operated
from one end of the double lever G; at the same time the other end of the lever G
operates the lower sweeps H, H, one at each end, and fitted with a cross bar. h,
which pushes the dried contents of a shelf upon the counter I, whence they are
removed by the attendant. The lever G is then thrown back by a counterweight J,
and the sweeps H and F are restored to their former position. This periodical
movement of the lever G is obtained by forming a recess in the disc plate (see
Figure 1) into which a pin on the lever K drops, so as to throw the lever L into
gear with the reciprocating connecting rod M, by which the ratchet is operated.
The chamber A is heated by hot air from a stove, or preferably from a hot-air
mantle formed round the steam boiler, as aforesaid, the air being drawn or forced

page_text: into it by a fan, the air entering through a grating Nat the DottoIn ΟΙ
chamber.
The smoke from the stove, if such be used, may be utilized for heating purposes
by causing it to pass through a smoke chamber O in the apparatus, as shown at
Figure 3. When such is the case the smoke pipe P from the stove is led up along
the outside of the chamber A, and is by two pipes P passing off sideways connected.
respectively to the lower and upper part of the interior smoke chamber O. By
means of regulating valves on one or both of the branches "p" the supply of hot
smoke can be increased, diminished, or entirely cut off from the apparatus at will.
Steam pipes may also be employed to heat these or other parts of the dryer, when
hot dry air is supplied by a fan from a mantle round the steam boiler, as aforesaid;
we find however that we get sufficient heat from the free current of hot air passing
through the apparatus.
The articles having been dried in the aforesaid apparatus, they are next coloured
in a machine of the following description :-This colouring machine is illustrated in
Figuros 13, 14, and 15, on Sheet 2, Figure 13 being a front view, Figure 14 a sido
view, and Figure 15 part view of the opposite side to that shewn at Figure 13. A
is an endless band or chain passing round an upper reel C, a lower reel B, and
receiving intermittent motion in this case by ratchet gear, which is impelled from a
cam bon a shaft a, which receives revolving motion from some shafting; the cam b,
Figure 15, operates roller c on one arm of a bell-crank lever d, the end of the other
arm of the bell-crank lever & takes into notches formed in the periphery of an.
escapement disc or wheel D, when the end of the lever & lifts out of the notch
the disc D is free to revolve, impelled by a pawl h on a bell-crank lever e, which
pawl takes into a ratchet wheel E; the lever lever e is worked by a rod f which is
jointed to a lever g turning on a fulcrum G; the lever y again is raised inter-
mittently by a cam similar to the cam b, and on the same shaft il a tooth on the
pawl falls intermittently into the tooth wheel F, retaining the endless band 'A in
a position of rest. While the boxes are being operated upon by the brushes a box
is put on one of the pegs of the endless double chain, that is, the lowest peg k; tho
pegs are provided with drums or carriers on which the boxes fit; the box is then
caused to come in contact first with the brush 1, which colours the end or bottom
of the box, and the brush 2, which colours the circumference of the box; these
brushes are supplied with colour from a drum u caused to revolve in a colour
trough; this being done, the endless chain is automatically put in motion again, so
as to bring the box against the brush 3 which smoothes the end, and brush 4 which
sinoothes the periphery of the box; the box is then by the aforesaid intermittent
motion of the endless chain brought up through the one, side of the drying
chamber H, and down the other side, where it ultimately comes in contact with the
brush 5 for finishing the bottom of the box, and the brush G for finishing the side.
or periphery of same. While the box is being acted upon by any of the brushes
and the endless chain is stationary, the box is turned along with the drum_on
which it sits; this is done by means of a series of tooth wheels 7, which receive
notion from the pinion m that by an automatically worked clutch n is periodically
put into gear, that is, in the stationary intervals of the endless chain. The brush 2
is fitted to the end of one arm of a bell-crank lever p, having its fulcrum on a
spindle P; the other arm is weighted, and can be raised or lowered by shifting the
lever, which has a screw for fixing on the slot of a sweep 1, and a hent arm 7ª² on
which the armrests. The brushes 3 and 4, and 5 and 6 are caused to revolve by
pulley and gut from the spindle s, whenco motion is transmitted by gut and pulley
to the spindle t, which communicates revolving motion to the brushes 5 and 6.
The pulleys 1 and 2 are also caused to revolve by strap from the spindle P (which
forms the aforesaid fulcrum for the bell-crank lever p, p,); the spindle P is driven
from the spindle 8. The endless chain is kept taut by means of weighted levers v
connected to the bearings of the upper reel C. The colour brushes 1 and 2 may be
supplied with colour from a colour drum formed with screw thread or other grooves,
.

page_text: as shown at K, Figures 4 and 6, Sheet 1; R, R, are valves at the upper part of the
drying chamber, Figure 13, for regulating the exit of the hot air current.
A colouring machine constructed according to the aforesaid modified arrangement
is shown at Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7, Figure 4 being a side elevation, Figure 6 an end
view, Figure 7 a plan, and Figure 5 a detached view of part of the apparatus. A
circular plate or table A is fixed upon an upright spindle B which revolves inter-
mittently by frictional adhesion to the boss of a constantly revolving strap pulley C
at the lower end of the spindle B. A tooth wheel C is formed upon or fixed to the
said pulley boss, which toothed wheel by means of intermediate gearing drives the
three upright holding spindles D, and causes them to revolve when the plate or
table A is held stationary by the stop lever E coming against one of the the three
projections on a plate F situated beneath the table A. This stop lever E is at times
raised, and the plate F released by a projection g on the disc G elevating the nose
of the stop lever E, and correspondingly depressing its other holding end so as to
make it clear, the plate F which then revolves one third of a turn, and is again
engaged and held by the stop lever E. The disc G is actuated through an
adjustable crank H and connecting rod k from the driving shaft g of the machine,
and the disc is revolved by means of the frictional feed usually applied to saw mills.
Two circular brushes I and J are employed, the former to color the sides, the latter
to color the top or bottom of the article; they are both driven by belting from the
main shaft g, and moist colour is supplied to the brush I from a revolving drum K
having a screw thread cut on its periphery, down which the liquid color trickles
from a receptacle L above. A scraper or "doctor" is fitted against the drum K to
spread the color, and when necessary to remove superfluity.
The brush J receives its color from a drum M revolving in a color trough. An
auxiliary brush N is also employed to spread the color more evenly upon the sides
of the article, and the necessary oscillatory movement is imparted to it by a crank
and connecting rod O. When in operation, the brushes having been properly
charged with color, the box or other article is placed upon the table A, and over the
slightly serrated head d of one of the upright carriers, spindles, or prongs D. The
table being then released from the stop lever E, the box is carried round against
the first brush I, when the box is exactly opposite the brush the revolution of the
table is stopped, but that of the carriers or spindles D continuing, the box is moved
completely round the brush, thus operating upon the whole of its periphery as
shown at Figure 5 of the Drawings. When this has been done the table is again
released, and the box or other articles brought under the brush J, by which its bottom
or upper part is colored. It may then if desired be operated upon by the brush N
before being removed by the attendant.
Although only three carriers D have herein been described, it is to be understood
that any greater number may be used, and the number of brushes may be increased
as desired.
The embossing apparatus is illustrated at Figures 8, 9, 10, and 11, of the Drawings;
Figures 8 is a side view; Figure 9 an end elevation, and Figure 10 a plan of the
apparatus.
The machine is driven by a strap pulley A. on the shaft B, and a pinion b keyed
thereon gears with a spur wheel C fixed to the shaft D. Three cams E, F, and G,
'are fixed on this shaft D, the duties of which are as follows:-The cam E in
revolving acts upon the friction roller H, and causes the toothed segment I (which
is centred upon the stud J) to revolve towards the driving side of the machine, thus
turning the pressing ring K with which it gears. As will be seen from Figure 10,-
the said ring K is connected by angle links L to the central sliding sections or
portions M, N, the internal periphery of which composes the die or mould by which
the outside of the box or other article is embossed, the shape of the die corresponding
of course to that of article. By the partial revolution of the ring K in one or
the other direction, the sections or portions M, N, of the die are caused to advance
towards or recede from the centre by the lengthening or shortening action of the
links L. The segment and ring are brought back from the position to which they

page_text: have been impelled by the cam E, by means of a connecting rod O attached to a
crank P. A trigger lever is fixed to the crank shaft R, and so arranged that at
the proper time the friction roller S on the spur wheel C comes into contact with it,
and throws the crank P forward, consequently bringing the segment I back. The
second cam F is employed to raiso the male die block or revolving head T, shown
separately in Figure 11, and the article thereon into the nip of the female die or
mould M, N: The die block or head T is in this case formed with three bosses or
dios t'; it is carried in a sliding frame U working in guides and connected by a knee
or knuckle joint arrangement to the bottom of the machine; it will thus be under-
stood that as the knuckle joint is straightened out or caused to collapse or bulge
out, the attached sliding frame and die block or head will be elevated or depressed.
This straightening of the knuckle joint is effected by the cam F acting upon the
friction roller or rollers V held in a bracket projecting from the central point of the
knuckle joint. As shown in the Drawing, the cam has accomplished its object; the
knuckle joint is straight, and the die block or head has been elevated to the proper
height. The roller S is again utilized to effect the return of the knuckle joint to its
bent position, and this is effected by a trigger lever, crank, and connecting rod arrange-
ment precisely similar to that already described with reference to the return move-
ment of the segment I. The third cam G causes the hoad T to be revolved at
intorvals half a turn at a time. A disc W provided with four friction rollers X is
fixed to a shaft carried by the sliding carriage or frame U, and is so arranged and
connected by cranks and gearing to the shaft of the block T as to make it execute
half a revolution upon each occasion that the disc W makes a quarter of a revolution.
When therefore the box or other article upon one of the male dies t bas been
embossed, the die block or head T sinks (through the collapsing of the knuckle
joint), so as to bring the disc W within the reach of the lover Y, which at the same
time is thrust forwards by the cam G, so as to act upon one of the friction rollors X,
and cause the block T to revolve half a turn, thereby presenting the embrossed
article in a horizontal position ready to be removed by the attendant and replaced
by a fresh article. The lever Y is replaced by the pressure of a flat spring y, as
shown, or by means of a weighted lever. The box Z, the bottom of which forms
the top of the embossing mould, is or may be heated with steam or hot air, and by
menns of a wedge a placed on the sole plate of the machine and operated by a
screw and hand wheel b, the degree of pressure of the head T against the upper
heated plate can be regulated to a nicety. An india-rubber or other flexible pad c
should be employed to receive the shock of the falling frame U. Although four
are shewn on the Drawing, any number of arms and links L may be employed, and
they may be caused to operate the segments of the female die either simultaneously
or progressively as may be desired, or the character of the article may demand;
Figure 12 illustrates the machine for smoothing the edge of box or cover; A is a
spindle driven by strap pulley B, and at one end (or it might be at both ends)
fitted with a Ransome's Patent emery or other suitable grinding stone or wheel D,
which on the outer face is formed with a groove of the size of the diameter of the
box or cover C, shown in dotted lines and held up against the revolving stone D.
Figure 16 is a front elevation, and Figure 17 a plan of the machine for producing
a sinooth flange on a box or cover; Figure 18 is part end view of a detail; A is the
driving shaft which is worked continuously by strap and strap pulley; B, B, are two
bevel wheels loose on the shaft A, and C, C, are two sliding clutches which alternately
are thrown into gear with one of the wheels B, thereby causing same to rotate; the
clutches are alternately thrown into gear by cams D or D on a shaft d, which
receives slow revolving motion by worm wheel E, which is worked by worm e on
the spindle F, the latter is driven by bevel gearing f,f, from the driving shaft A.
The bevil wheels B are thus alternately brought into gear with one of the bevil
pinions G, G, the spindles of which in the other end carry bosses g of the size of the
box or cover to be operated upon. The spindle A has two worms a, a, one right
handed the other left handed; these gear into worm wheels h, h, on the
spindles H, H, imparting slow revolving motion to them; these spindles carry each
°
.

page_text: a half circular brush I, I, revolving in a trough j containing size or paste, which the
brushes take up and smear on to the flange part of the boxes. The shaft d'is also
fitted with two cams k, k, which alternately raise one of the two rods K; those latter
are at their upper ends each fitted with a presser jaw L, which when brought
against the box flange smooths it off the brush I, simultaneously putting on size or
paste. To retain the boxes on their bosses while being thus operated upon, presser
plates M on bell-crank levers m having fulcrum on the framing, as shown at Figure 18,
are made to press against the ends of the boxes by means of rods m and levers n,
which are raised by cams 1, 2, on the spindle d. The clutch levers c are held against
the cams D by means of spiral springs as shown, the rods K with presser jaws L,
are brought down again by spiral springs as shown. While one box or cover is
being operated upon, the attendant changes the box or cover on the other boss, the
cams and other gearing being suitably timed therefor.
And having thus described and ascertained the nature of this Invention we declare
that we claim,-
Firstly. Fitting a brake to the crank shaft which actuates the form carriers in the
box making machine Patented 7th May 1873, No. 1649, for the purpose of ensuring
a steadier motion thereto.
Secondly. The mode of manufacture herein set forth according to which the
boxes or other hollow articles are coloured after being dried and before they are:
pressed.
Thirdly. The construction of the drying apparatus, and the mode of and means
for supplying same with a current of hot air, all substantially as described and
as shown.
Fourthly. The construction of the colouring machinery, substantially as described
and as shown.
Fifthly. The construction of the machine for pressing and embossing, and the
several means of adjusting and operating the same, substantially as described and as
shown.
And, Sixthly. The construction of the machinery for smoothing the edges and. 3
flanges, substantially as described and as shown.
In witness whereof, we, the said Frederick Ransome, and Thomas Mitcheson
Gray, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Second day of August
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
FREDK RANSOME