Improvements in Printing Telegraph Instruments.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Aug., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 15th May, 189C-Accepted, 21st June, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Printing Telegraph Instruments.
We, JOHN EDWARD WRIGHT of 18 Southampton Street, Bloomsbury in the County
of Middlesex, Electrician, and JOHN MOORE of 95 Barry Road, East Dulwich in the
County of Surrey Journalist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
According to this invention the type-wheel is turned in both directions so that
it never has to perform more than a half revolution and it is brought back to zero
after every printing operation.
For this purpose the type-wheel shaft (to which the type-wheel is fixed in the case
of a tape machine or upon which the type-wheel slides in the case of a line machine)
has fixed to it two ratchet wheels with teeth in opposite directions, each wheel having
a blank or smooth portion corresponding to the toothed portion of the other. These
ratchet wheels are in gear with pawls carried on arms actuated by the armatures of
two electro-magnets whose cores are the North and South poles respectively of
permanent magnets so that according as a positive or negative current is sent through
the line wire one or other armature is attracted whilst the other remains at rest.
In order to bring the type-wheel back to zero after each printing operation the
type-wheel shaft has fixed to it a double cain, one or other side of which is acted upon
by a friction roller which is moved in a direction parallel to the shaft upon the
return of the printing lever.
The friction roller is carried by one arm of a bell crank lever which has fixed to it
n blade which enters between projections on the arms carrying the pawls and throws
both pawls out of gear before the roller comes into contact with the cam, thus freeing
the type-wheel shaft. The other arm of the bell crank lever is a spring arm, which
turns slightly aside to allow of the passage at the printing operation of the end of a
lever actuated by the printing lever, so that the descent of the printing lever does not
move the friction roller.
On the return however of the printing lever the lever actuated by it, comes beneath
the spring arm of the bell crank lever and raises it causing the friction roller to move
along the type wheel shaft and bring the type wheel back to zero, as above described.
Near the end of the ascent of the spring arm of the bell crank lever an incline upon
it comes against a stop or friction roller which presses it slightly to one side, thus
freeing it from the arin of the lever worked by the printing lever, so that it can be
brought back to its normal position by means of a spring. Each of the arms carrying
the pawls bas fixed to it a stop, the two stops being parallel to each other and a short
distance apart, one on each side of a spring stop upon the type-wheel shaft, so that
the latter is beld at the zero position. The movement of either of the arms carrying
the pawls carries the stop upon it out of the way of the stop upon the type-wheel
shaft allowing the latter to turn. When the type-wheel shaft is brought back again
the spring stop upon it comes against an incline upon the outer side of the first stop
and giving way passes the stop but is arrested by the other stop thereby again holding
the type-wheel at the zero point.
In line printing telegraphs after each line the roller carrying the paper has to be
turned through the space between the two lines; this is usually done by the printing
lever on some part connected with it on the printing operation being performed when
the type wheel is in one particular position. Considerable power however is required
to turn the paper roller and this necessitates a more powerful printing magnet than is
necessary for the mere printing operation.
According to this invention a small amount of power is stored at every printing
operation until the maximum that can be required is in reserve. This is done by

page_text: mounting on the axis of the paper roller or of a roller moving with it a spring barrel
and ratchet wheel the spiral spring being wound up one step of the ratchet wheel at
every printing operation by a pawl actuated by the printing lever.
When it is desired to commence a new line the paper roller is freed as hereinafter
described and is then propelled forward the distance between two lines by the spring
barrel.
In order to prevent the overwinding of the spiral spring, the pawl, by which it is
wound up, is mounted upon a spring so that, when a certain force is required to wind
up the spiral spring, the pawl in place of continuing to do so itself gives way. The
#paper roller is carried in a swinging frame actuated by the printing lever as is usual and
carries an escapement wheel engaging with an escapement having fixed to it a projecting
stop or pin. There is another stop or pin fixed upon an arm pivotted to the frame of the
instrument which arm carries a pin engaging with a worm upon the type-wheel shaft so
that as the type wheel shaft revolves, the arm is turned about its pivot, and when the
type-wheel shaft has been turned through a certain angle the stop upon the arm is
brought into the path of the stop upon the paper roller, so that, if the printing
operation takes place at this moment, the two stops come into contact and the
escapement of the paper roller is thereby freed and the paper is advanced the
distance between two lines by means of the spiral spring, as above described.
Dated this 16th day of August 1880
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Printing Telegraph Instruments.
We, JOHN EDWARD WRIGHT, of 18 Southampton Street, Bloomsbury, in the County
of Middlesex, Electrician, and .JOHN MOORE, of 95 Barry Road, East Dulwich, in the
County of Surrey, Journalist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
According to this invention the type-wheel is turned in both directions so that it
never has to perform more than a half revolution and it is brought back to zero after
every printing operation.
For this purpose the type-wheel shaft (to which the type-wheel is fixed in the case
of a tape machine or upon which the type-wheel slides in the case of a line machine)
has fixed to it two ratchet wheels with teeth in opposite directions, each wheel having
a blank or smooth portion corresponding to the toothed portion of the other. These
ratchet wheels are in gear with pawls carried on arms actuated by the armatures of
two electro-magnets whose cores are the North and South poles respectively of
permanent magnets so that according as a positive or negative current is sent through
the line wire one or other armature is attracted whilst the other remains at rest.
In order to bring the type-wheel back to zero after each printing operation the
type-wheel shaft has fixed to it a donble cam, one or other side of which is acted upon
by a friction roller which is moved in a direction parallel to the shaft upon the return
of the printing lever.
The friction roller is carried by one arm of a bell crank lever which has fixed to it
a blade which enters between projections on the arms carrying the pawls and throws
both pawls out of gear before the roller comes into contact with the cam, thus freeing
the type-wheel shaft. The other arm of the bell crank lever is a spring arm, which
turns slightly aside to allow of the passage at the printing operation of the end of a
lever actuated by the printing lever, so that the descent of the printing lever does not
move the friction roller.
On the return however of the printing lever the lever actuated by it, comes beneath
the spring arm of the bell crank lever and raises it causing the friction roller to move
along the type-wheel shaft and bring the type-wheel back to zero, as above described,

page_text: Near the end of the ascent of the spring arm of the bell crank lever an incline upon
it comes against a stop or friction roller which presses it slightly to one side, thus
freeing it from the arm of the lever worked by the printing lever, so that it can be
brought back to its normal position by means of a spring. Each of the arms carry-
ing the pawls has fixed to it a stop, the two stops being parallel to each other and a
short distance apart, one on each side of a spring stop upon the type-wheel shaft, so
that the latter is held at the zero position. The movement of either of the arms
carrying the pawls carries the stop upon it out of the way of the stop upon the type-
wheel shaft allowing the latter to turn. When the type-wheel shaft is brought back
again the spring stop upon it comes against an incline upon the outer side of the first
stop and giving way passes the stop but is arrested by the other stop thereby again
holding the type-wheel at the zero point.
"
In line printing telegraphs after each line the roller carrying the paper has to be
turned through the space between the two lines; this is usually done by the printing
lever on some part connected with it on the printing operation being performed when
the type wheel is in one particular position. Considerable power however is required
to turn the paper roller and this necessitates a more powerful printing magnet than is
necessary for the mere printing operation.
According to this invention a small amount of power is stored at every printing
operation until the maximum that can be required is in reserve. This is done by
mounting on the axis of the paper roller or of a roller moving with it a spring barrel
and ratchet wheel the spiral spring being wound up one step of the ratchet wheel at
every printing operation by a pawl actuated by the printing lever.
When it is desired to commence a new line the paper roller is freed as hereinafter
described and is then propelled forward the distance between two lines by the spring
barrel.
In order to prevent the over winding of the spiral spring, the pawl, by which it is
wound up, is mounted upon a spring so that, when a certain force is required to wind
up the spiral spring, the pawl in place of continuing to do so itself gives way. The
paper roller is carried in a swinging frame actuated by the printing lever as is usual
and carries an escapement wheel engaging with an escapement having fixed to it a
projecting stop or pin. There is another stop or pin fixed upon an arm pivotted to
the frame of the instrument which arm carries a pin engaging with a worm upon the
type-wheel shaft so that as the type-wheel shaft revolves, the arm is turned about its
pivot, and when the type-wheel shaft has been turned through a certain angle the stop
upon the arm is brought into the path of the stop upon the paper roller, so that, if the
printing operation takes place at this moment, the two stops come into contact and
the escapement of the paper roller is thereby freed and the paper is advanced the
distance between two lines by means of the spiral spring, as above described.
In order that our said invention may be fully understood and readily carried into
effect we will proceed to describe the drawings hereunto annexed.

page_text: Figure 7 shows a part of the apparatus by which the paper is moved forward
between line and line.
A is the axis of the type wheel and a¹ a² are two ratchet wheels fast upon it, the
teeth extend only about half around the periphery of each of these wheels. The type
wheel is not shown.
B1 B2 are a pair of electro-magnets; the core of each is magnetised by a per-
manent magnet 6. The armature of each electro-magnet is pivotted to b and is
also polarised by it. 62 is a withdrawing spring and 63 an adjustable stop. 64 is an
arm extending from the armature. 65 is a driving pawl pivotted to bt. 6 is a spring
pressing the pawl up to a stop b'. When the armature rests against the stop b³ the
pawl 65 is not engaged with the teeth on the ratchet wheel but as the armature
descends the pawl catches a tooth and rotates the type wheel axis a step one way or
the other dependent on which of the magnets is in operation. 68 is a block upon the
arm 6 which comes down on to the ratchet wheel and prevents over running. is
a pawl which retains the ratchet wheel and prevents it returning with the driving
pawl. When the axis is in the zero position the stop pawls 6° 6° both rest upon the
plain parts of their respective ratchet wheels but directly the axis has been propelled
a step one or other of them drops in and retains the axis. 610 610 are stops on the
arms which serve to arrest and retain the axis A at the zero point. In this
position the stop a³ carried by the axis A is between the stops 610 610. When either
of the driving pawls comes into operation the corresponding stop 610 descends with it
and the nose of the stop a³ is then able to pass and so the axis is freed. C is a cam
which is fast on the axis A, it brings back the axis to the zero position when the
roller D is caused to advance against it. The roller is carried by a lever d pivotted
at d¹ and armed with a blade do for lifting the retaining pawls 69 out of gear. When
the lever advances the blade d² enters between the inclined ends of the fingers 6x on
the pawl levers and separates them against the resistance of the spring 611 which
tends to draw the retaining pawls together.
E is the printing electro magnet and e the axis on which its armature is carried; it
has an arm e¹ and this by means of a pin and fork engages with and gives motion
to the lever Feach time that the printing lever operates. f is the fulcrum of the
lever and f¹ is a finger at its extremity which serves to give movement to the
lever d. d is an arni pivotted to the lever d at dx and it is pressed forward by a
spring d³ towards the lever F.
When the armature of the printing magnet E is drawn down the finger f
descends also and its end comes into contact with an inclined surface on the arm d²,
the arm yields turning on the pivot at and the finger passes to its underside
without moving the lever d. When by the action of its spring the armature of the
printing lever returns the finger f¹ rises beneath the arm d² and the lever d rocks
on its pivots d¹ giving thereby the movements to the blade do and the roller D which
as already described are necessary to replace the axis A of the type wheel in the
zero position. G is a roller stop which is provided for the purpose of releasing the
spring arm d² from the finger fl at the proper moment. The inclined end of the
arm coming against the stop G is deflected by it turning about the pivot dx and so
the arm is inade to pass off from the finger. d is a withdrawing spring connected
with the lever d and d³ is a stop to which the lever is brought when not acted upon by
the finger f. In the return of the type wheel the stop a³ on its axis A comes against
the back of one or other of the stops 610 upon the armature levers 6 and the back of
the stop bo being inclined the stop as which is pivotted at a yields but immediately
it has passed a spring which presses upon it causes it to return and it then strikes
against and is arrested by the second stop 610. The stop a³ then remains held securely
between the two stops 10 10 until one or other of the armatures b¹ is again attracted.
The paper to be printed is passed in the usual way over a roller H on a rocking frame I
and this frame has an arm i which when the printing is to take place is thrown up
by the arm e² on the axis e of the armature of the printing magnet. The paper

page_text: supported by the roller H is thus brought into contact with the type wheel and is
printed. The paper roller has a toothed wheel h upon it and this gears with another
toothed wheel K which is free to turn on the axis on which the frame I rocks. Loose
on the same axis there is also the ratchet wheel Land this is connected with the wheel K
by the coiled spring M. N is a pawl engaging with the teeth of the ratchet L, it is
carried by another arm es on the axis e of the printing armature. When the arma-
ture is attracted the pawl N turns the wheel L a step and the retaining pawl O
prevents its return. The wheels K and cannot turn (except when the type-wheel
comes to the end of a line) consequently the spring M is wound. This goes on until
the spring M acquires a certain tension and then the spring P on which the lower end
of the pawl N rests, yields and the ratchet wheel L is not turned. On the axis of the
paper roller H there is an escapement wheel Q and an escapement lever R engages
with the teeth of the wheel and holds it. The lever R is controlled by a spring
fixed on the frame I; the spring presses against a pin projecting from the lever R and
keeps one of the teeth of the lever engaged. The escapement lever R also has a pin pl
projecting from it and if when the printing lever causes the frame I to rock this pin is
brought against a projection it results that the retaining tooth of the escapement lever
is withdrawn and the roller H commences to turn. When it has made about one
eighth of a rotation it is stopped by the other tooth of the escapement lever. On the
return of the frame I the spring r causes the escapement lever to regain its original
position and in consequence the roller H. is permitted to make a further partial
rotation. The paper is held upon the roller H in the usual way so that in turning the
roller carries the paper with it; so the paper is moved the distance necessary to give
the proper space between line and line. The projection which causes the escapement
to operate may be carried up the type wheel axis or actuated by the type wheel axis
in any convenient way. A suitable way, and one which is applicable when the type
wheel axis always rotates in one direction, is to provide as before suggested a worm
which as the axis rotates gradually advances a stop into the way of the pin 1 until
when the line is complete the stop comes into position to operate. Or the pin r¹ may
be arranged to strike upon a projection from the type wheel frame or carriage.
By these arrangements it will be seen that the power of the printing magnet is
stored and is applied when required to move the paper forward. This store of power
may obviously be applied in like manner to operate other parts of the machine which
it might be more convenient to work in this manner than by the direct action of the
magnet.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is-
1. Actuating the type wheel and causing it to make a partial rotation in either
direction and to return by two electro-magnets with polarised armatures and levers
and pawls acting in opposite directions upon ratchets upon the type wheel axis and by
a cam piece caused to slide upon the axis by the return movement of the printing
mechanism.
2. In combination with the said electro magnets, polarised armatures levers and
pawls; the stops upon the levers and on the axis which arrest the movement of the
type wheel in its return to the zero position and which pass out of the way each as
the lever to which it is attached comes into operation.
3. The mechanism substantially as described and represented by the drawings for
rotating and controlling the type wheel axis.
4. In a printing telegraph receiving instrument storing up in a spring substantially
as described a part of the energy resulting from the magnetization of the printing
magnet and applying this spring to propel other parts of the mechanism.
5. The means herein described for moving forward the paper between line and line;
such means consisting in applying the energy resulting from several successive

page_text: magnetizations of an electro-magnet to wind or strain a spring in connection with the
paper moving mechanism and in automatically releasing the spring when the move-
ment of the paper is required.
6. The mechanism substantially as described and represented by the drawings for
advancing the paper between line and line.