Improvements in the Manufacture of Soap.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Aug., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 6th May, 1899-Accepted, 10th June, 1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Soap.
I, JAMES MCNEILL, of St. Enoch Colour and Chemical Works, 38, French
Street, Bridgeton, in the County of the City of Glasgow, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of my invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to and comprises improvements in the manufacture
of soap by which a beautiful white soft soap is produced with an agreeable odour
with all the cleansing properties of the ordinary black or soft soap enhanced.
This soap is especially suitable for wool scouring and for cleansing woollen and
fine fabrics, and for cleaning and whitening linen, and is useful for all other
cleansing purposes. Being free from caustic it is harmless to the skin. It dis-
solves readily in hot or cold water, softens the hardest water, and is suitable for
all climates.
In carrying into practice the improvements of this invention refined tallow is
added to fish or seed oil in the proportion of say one pound of tallow to every
gallon of oil and the whole introduced into an ordinary soap pan together with
a quantity of potassa liquor or lye of such strength that one gallon contains, six
to seven thousand grains of real potassa. Heat is applied to the soap pan pre-
ferably by means of a steam jacket or it may be a steam coil and the contents
are boiled until they become in appearance like thin glue. Then a further supply
of stronger lye of a strength equivalent to eight to nine thousand grains of
potassa per gallon is introduced and after a short interval an additional quantity
of lye is added, and so on successive quantities until the necessary quantity
of lye has been added, afterwards properly boiling to complete the saponification
of the fats, when at this stage ordinary soft soap is produced. The contents
are then run off into a large circular pan preferably steam jacketted and about
forty to fifty feet in circumference containing additional alkali which may be a
quantity of soda crystals equal to about 25 per cent. of the soft soap to be
treated, previously placed in the pan and heated to melting point. Instead of soda
crystals a like proportion of carbonate of soda or pure alkali may be used. The
mixed contents of the pan are then kept in motion by any suitable form of
agitator or stirring appliance preferably actuated by steam power though in some
cases it may be by hand. The agitating process is continued until the contents
of the pan have cooled when they are allowed to stand over-night or an equiva-
left period. The contents are again introduced to a steam jacketted boiler, fitted
with agitators, and brought to the boiling point. At this stage any desired
perfume may be added and to improve the colour a proportion, equal to 7lbs. to
the ton of soap, of the colour known as lithophone white is also added. The
whole process is now. completed and a white soft soap of agrecable odour is
produced ready for filling into tins or other store vessels."
Dated the 18th day of August 1898

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Soap.
I, JAMES MCNEILL, of St. Enoch Colour and Chemical Works, 38, French
Street, Bridgeton, in the County of the City of Glasgow, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of my invention and in what manner. the same is to be per-
formed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement in writing:—
This invention has reference to and comprises improvements in the manufacture
of soap by which a beautiful white soft soap is produced with an agreeable odour
with all the cleansing properties of the ordinary black or soft soap enhanced.
This soap is especially suitable for wool scouring and for cleansing woollen and
fine fabrics, and for cleaning and whitening linen, and is useful for all other
cleansing purposes. Being free from caustic it is harmless to the skin. It dis-
solves readily in hot or cold water, softens the hardest water, and is suitable for
all climates.
In carrying into practice the improvements of this invention refined tallow is
added to fish, nut, or seed oil in the proportion of say one pound of tallow to every
gallon of oil and the whole introduced into an ordinary soap pan together with a
quantity equal to 50%, or thereby of the mixed tallow and oil,, of potassa liquor
or lye of such strength that one gallon contains six to seven thousand grains of real
potassa. Heat is applied to the soap pan preferably by means of a steam jacket or it
may be a steam coil and the contents are boiled until they become in appearance
like thin glue. Then a further supply equal to 12%, or thereby, of a stronger
lye of a strength equivalent to eight to nine thousand grains of potassa per gallon
is introduced and after a short interval an additional quantity, say equal to 12%
or thereby, of lye is added, and so on successive quantities until the necessary
quantity of lye has been added afterwards properly boiling to complete the saponi-
fication of the flats, when at this stage ordinary soft soap is produced. The
contents are then run off into a large circular pan preferably steam jacketted
and about forty to fifty feet in circumference containing additional alkali which
may be a quantity of soda crystals equal to about 25 per cent. of the soft soap
to be treated, previously placed in the pan and heated to melting or boiling point.
Instead of soda crystals a like proportion of carbonate of soda or pure alkali may
be used. The mixed contents of the pan are then kept in motion by any suitable
form of agitator or stirring appliance preferably actuated by steam power though
in some cases it may be by hand. At this stage any desired perfume may be
added and to improve the colour a proportion, equal to from 7 to 14lbs. to the ton
of soap, of the colour known as lithophone white is also added. The agitating
process is continued until the contents of the pan have cooled when they are
allowed to stand over-night and are ready for packing into tins or casks thereafter.
The whole process is now completed and a white soft soap of agreeable odour is
produced.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed. I declare that what
I claim is:
1
First. A white soft soap manufactured substantially as herein described.
Second. The process of manufacturing a white soft soap substantially as herein
described.
Third. The process of manufacturing a white soft soap from ordinary soft soap
substantially as herein described.

page_text: Fourth. In the manufacture of white soft soap by the process described the
heating and cooling of the mixture while subject to the action of agitators sub-
stantially as herein described.
גני
AL 31900
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.