IMPROVEMENTS IN DIS- INTEGRATORS.
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Harrison Carter, of 82, Mark Lane, in
the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DIS-
INTEGRATORS.'
"
Sealed the 26th October 1875, and dated the 15th May 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Harrison Carter
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 15th May 1875.
I, JAMES HARRISON CARTER, of 82, Mark Lane, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN DISINTEGRATORS," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to machines employed for disintegrating a
variety of materials. They may either be shredded, granulated, or
reduced to an impalpable state at pleasure, and with less cost for wearing
parts, and of time for renewing and replacing the same than has hereto-
fore been effected.
•
I construct my mills on the following plan:-A. spindle has keyed on
it an iron wheel made of malleable or ordinary cast iron, and morțices

page_text: are cast in it to receive the beaters or bars of iron or steel which form
the chief operating portion of the machine; each bar has a hole through
it corresponding with a hole in the wheel. Through each hole a bolt
passes, which secures and holds the beaters in the mortice. The wheel
is made preferably nearly the full width of the inside of the case, and
is consequently considerably wider than the beaters which fit into it.
It has also no projections on the sides. The object of this arrangement
is to considerably reduce the fan-like action, which in most disen-
tegrators causes so much waste of ground material, creates such a
nuisance with dust, and requires so much additional power to be:
expended in working it.
Instead of the bars or beaters held in the wheel, as described, I some-
times prefer to secure a ring or segments of a ring of projections similar
in form to cogs. I form a case of cast iron, and round the inside
periphery are projections or corrugations formed in the casting; but
inasmuch as it has been found that the beaters of disintegrators when
employed in grinding minerals become soon worn away on account of
ploughing (as it were) in a confined space through the material I con-
struct my machine with an angle at one quarter, so arranged with
relation to the feed space that the material when it first enters the
machine in large pieces may be at once driven into the angle, where it
will return again and again to the beaters, receiving from the face of
them a succession of direct blows. At another part of the periphery the
projections are replaced by smooth perforated metal plates.
The perforations may be of any size to suit various requirements, but
an important feature is the adoption of perforated, morticed, or slotted
plates, perfectly level on the inside face instead of forming valves and
louvres with the view of guarding each aperture, and thus expecting
fine material to pass out through a large hole, which cannot be accom-
plished with certainty.
My perforations or mortices may be of any shape or size to suit
various purposes. One great advantage in them is that having the
openings unprotected from the action of the beaters they are far less
liable to choke when the machine is used for grinding wet or damp.
material, as the pressure from within instead of being taken by the valves 3
is exerted on the perforations and keeps them open f
for the passage of
the material. This arrangement also admits of my having a large
number of very small holes and securing an even sample..

page_text: The plates may be made of steel, malleable or cast iron, or brass, and
are so arranged that they can be easily changed when required.
Another arrangement consists in having the whole periphery of the
casc perforated, and with a space round it for the conveying away of
the material. This is particularly applicable for damp substances.
The feed space is so placed that the material to be operated on is fed
into the machine at a point as near the end of the beaters (so as to get
the full force of their blow when the material is largest and most
requires it) as is consistent with securing the fan-like action of the
beaters to take in air with the feed, and thus keep up the necessary
ventilation.
As the success of these machines greatly depends on the regularity
with which the feed is supplied I make a leather, canvas, or wire web
belt or band to pass over two parallel spindles at the bottom of a shoot
or hopper, the belt being the full width of the inside of the shoot.
A gate in front regulates.the quantity of the feed. The speed of the
belt is preferably excessively slow, and this is effected, if not otherwiso
attainable, by driving it by a worm working in a worm wheel.
Another plan is to feed by a worm working at right angles to the side
of the mill, so as to force any sticky material into the beater chamber,
and thus overcome the difficulty of feeding.
These methods of feeding are equally applicable to feeding millstones
and other mills or machines. When grinding to an impalpable powder
I replace the perforated plates by similar projecting pieces to those round
the other parts of the circle; and I open the case for half the ordinary
top, and place on this a cast-iron chamber, also open at the top, but
supplied with two or more renewable projecting bars or baffle plates.
The effect of these baffle plates is to return to the mill any material not
sufficiently light to escape with the current of air formed by the beater
or fluted ring. A convenient air shoot from this open top.leads into a
deposit chamber, and from this latter another shoot connected with the
mill forms a return air camber.
The above machines can be so arranged as to work either vertically

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Harrison Carter in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 15th November 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
HARRISON CARTER, of 82, Mark Lane, in the City of London, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said James Harrison Carter, Her
special license that I, the said James Harrison Carter, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Harrison
Carter, 'my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term thercin expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, 'and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DISINTEGRATORS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said James Harrison Carter, my executors or admi-
nistrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of tho said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the dato
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Harrison Carter, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :—
My improvements relate to machines employed for disintegrating a
variety of materials. They may either be shredded, granulated, or
reduced to an impalpable state at pleasure, and with less cost for wearing
parts and of time for renewing and replacing the same than has hereto-
fore been effected.

page_text: I construct my mills on the following plan:-A spindle has keyed on
it an iron wheel made of malleable or ordinary cast iron, and mortices
are cast in it to receive the beaters or bars of iron or steel which form
the chief operating portion of the machine. Each bar has a hole through
it corresponding with a hole in the wheel. Through each hole a bolt
passes, which secures and holds the beaters in the mortice. The wheel
is made preferably nearly the full width of the inside of the case, and
is consequently considerably wider than the beaters which fit into it.
It has also no projections on the sides. The object of this arrangement
is to considerably reduce the fan-like action, which in most disin-
tegrators causes so much waste of ground material, creates such a
nuisance with dust, and requires so much additional power to be
expended in working it.
Instead of the bars or beaters held in the wheel, as described, I some-
times prefer to secure a ring or segments of a ring of projections similar
in form to cogs. I form a case of cast iron, and round the inside
periphery are projections or corrugations formed in the casting; but
inasmuch as it has been found that the beaters of disintegrators when
employed in grinding minerals become soon worn away on account of
ploughing (as it were) in a confined space through tho material I con-
struct my machine, with an angle at one quarter, so arranged with
relation to the feed space that the material when it first enters the
machine in large pieces may be at once driven into the angle, where it
will return again and again to the beaters, receiving from the face of
them a succession of direct blows. At another part of the periphery
the projections are replaced by smooth perforated metal plates.
The perforations may be of any size to suit various requirements, but
an important feature is the adoption of perforated, morticed, or slotted
plates, perfectly level on the inside face, instead of forming valves or
louvres with the view of guarding each aperture, and thus expecting
fine material to pass out through a large hole, which cannot be accom-
plished with certainty.
My perforations or mortices may be of any shape or size to suit various
purposes. One great advantage in them is that having the openings
unprotected from the action of the beaters they are far less liable to
choke when the machine is used for grinding wet or damp material, as
the pressure from within instead of being taken by the valves is exerted
on the perforations and keeps them open for the passage of the material.

page_text: Figure 1 is a longitudinal section; and Figure 2 is a transverse section
of a disintegrator constructed according to my Invention.
a, a, is a spindle carried in suitable bearings and driven at a high
velocity; 6 is a wheel of malleable or ordinary cast iron or steel keyed
upon the axis a; b¹, b¹, are mortices in the wheel to receive the beaters
c, c, which are of wrought iron or steel; c¹, c', are bolts to retain the
beaters in the mortices.
Sometimes in place of beaters I fix to the wheel a series of segments,
forming a ring or disc, and having radial cog-like flutes on both sides.;
d is a cast-iron case onclosing the wheel and beaters c; and d' are
tooth-like projections in the interior of the case; d² is a pocket or corner
formed in the case to receive any large pieces which may be fed into
the machine and allow them to be acted upon more effectually by the.
beaters by being driven against the projections d', and thus be reduced
more efficiently than they would be if at once driven round continuously
by the beaters; & are perforated plates or concaves for the delivery of.
the material when sufficiently reduced, they are smooth on the inner
face, and the size of the perforations is such that the material cannot
pass through them until it is broken sufficiently small.
.
When desired the whole circumference of the case may be enclosed
with perforated concaves d³; e is the opening by which the material
to be operated on is fed into the case d; f is a screw for propelling
forward the substance from the feed hopper g. The axis of the screw
has a spur wheel upon it gearing with a pinion, the axis of which is
driven by a pulley and belt. Or the machine may be fed in the manner
indicated at Figure 3, which is a longitudinal section of this part of the
mechanism; e is the opening by which, as before, the material is fed
into the case d; and g is the feed hopper; h is an endless belt or band
of leather, canvas, wire web, or jointed iron plates, passing over two
parallel spindles; it is driven by a worm working into a worm wheel

page_text: on one of the spindles, and is so caused to carry forward the material
from the hopper into the case; i is a slide or gate to regulate the
quantity of material carried forward; and this may be further regulated
by varying the speed of the belt or band; Figure 4 shows the way in
which I arrange the apparatus when I desire to obtain an impalpable
powder. For the perforated plates or concaves d³ other plates or con-
caves without perforations and with tooth-like projections d¹× are
substituted. Also one of the upper quadrants of the periphery is
removed, and there is substituted for it the trunk k leading by a suitable
passage into a chamber, where the powdered material may be deposited ;
k³, k¹, are projecting bars or baffle plates to prevent the material being
thrown up the trunk k, so that it may not pass into the depositing
chamber until it is sufficiently small to be carried by the current of air.
A return trunk leads back the air from the chamber to the entrance e
of the case d.
What I claim is my improvements in the construction of disin-
tegrators, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Harrison Carter, have here-