A NEW PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AN IMPROVED QUALITY OF COKE."
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Hackney, of Pencoed, near Bridgend,
South Wales, for the Invention of "A NEW PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION
OF AN IMPROVED QUALITY OF COKE."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Hackney at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 3rd November 1874.
I, WILLIAM HACKNEY, of Pencoed, near Bridgend, South Wales, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "A NEW PROCESS
FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AN IMPROVED QUALITY OF COKE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the production of an improved quality of
coke, and consists in effecting the reduction to a fine state of division
by means of a Carr's disintegrator or by other means, of the materials
from which the coke is to be made, namely, bituminous or caking coal,
or any free burning coal, or anthracite, or coke refuse, or other non-
caking fuel (to be made into coke) after mixing it with powdered pitch,

page_text: or with tar or other binding material, as is well known, and in incor-
porating the same or any mixture of them with lime, also in a fine state
of division, and then submitting the mixture to a coking process, either
in a retort or oven as is well understood.
By making such a before-mentioned admixture of lime in a fine state
of division, with the materials from which coke is ordinarily manufac-
tured, the said materials being also in a fine state of division, and by
submitting this mixture to a coking process, any sulphur existing in the
coke produced is fixed by the lime, and is retained together with it in
the ashes or residue when the coke is burned. The sulphur contained in
the coke is thus prevented from passing off in the form of any gaseous
compound, or from exercising any injurious or deleterious influence
when the coke is burned or is employed for the purposes of heating or
reducing.
In carrying out my Invention I cause the bituminous or cakin gcoal,
or other materials from which coke is to be made, to be finely divided,
by preference, by means of a Carr's disintegrator, and I cause the same
to be mixed and incorporated with about from 4 to 8 per cent. of lime,
also in a fine state of division, by preference, ordinary slacked lime, which
mixture or incorporation may be effected either in the manner before
mentioned or by introducing the materials to be divided and incorporated
together into the disintegrator or other apparatus, so that an intimate
and finely divided mixture of them shall be obtained.
The result obtained by either of the before-mentioned processes or
means is to be submitted to a coking process, either in a retort or in a
coking oven, and the coke thus obtained will be found to be applicable
to many useful purposes in the arts.
Although I have given the proportions of lime to be added as being
about from 4 to 8 per cent. of the coal employed, these proportions will
of course vary according to the per centage of sulphur contained in the
coal, and they will also vary with the degree of fineness to which the
coal is crushed, and with the regularity or perfection of the admixture
of lime throughout the mass. If the coal is only roughly crushed or
the lime is not very perfectly mixed with it, a larger excess of the latter
beyond the quantity theoretically necessary will be required.
It will be readily understood that as there exist many substances or
compounds that are capable of forming a non-volatile combination, with

page_text: sulphur, which will resist a red heat without decomposition, any of these,
such as soda for instance, might be used in this process in the place of
lime, the objection being so to fix the sulphur contained in the coke as
to retain it in the ash or slag when the coke is burned.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Hackney in the Great Scal Patent Office
on the 3rd May 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
HACKNEY, of Pencoed, near Bridgend, South Wales, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
38th year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her. heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Hackney, Her special license,
that I, the said William Hackney, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or sucli others as I, the said William Hackney, my executors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW PROCESS
FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AN IMPROVED QUALITY OF COKE," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Hackncy, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Hackney, do hereby declare
the nature of said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say :—
☐ My said Invention relates to the production of an improved quality

page_text: of coke, and consists in effecting the reduction to a fine state of division
by means of a Carr's disentegrator, or by other means, of the materials
from which the coke is to be made, namely, bituminous or cokeing coal, or
any free burning coal, or anthracite, or other non-cokeing fuel to be made
into coke by mixing it with pitch or tar, or other binding material, or any
mixtures of such materials for the production of coke, and incorporating
the same with lime, also in a fine state of division, and then submitting
the mixture to a cokeing process, either in a retort or oven as is well
understood.
By making such a before-mentioned admixture of lime in a fine state 1
of division with the materials from which coke is to be manufactured,
the said materials being also in a fine state of division, and by submitting
this mixture to a cokeing process, any sulphur existing in the coke pro-
duced combines with the lime, and is retained in the ashes or fixed
residue when the coke is burned, and is thus prevented from exercising
any injurious or deliterious influence, or from passing off in the form of
any gaseous compound when such coke is burned, as for instance, with
the object of producing carbonic acid for the manufacture of soda, &c.,
or is employed for the purposes of heating or reducing.
In carrying out my Invention I cause the materials from which coke
is to be made to be finely divided, by preference, by means of a Carr's
disintegrator, and I cause the same to be mixed and incorporated with
about from 4 to 8 per cent. of lime, also in a fine state of division, by
preference, ordinary slaked lime, which mixture or incorporation may be
effected either in the manner before mentioned or by introducing the a
materials to be divided and incorporated together with the disintegrator
or other apparatus, so that an intimate and finely divided mixture of
them shall be obtained.
The result obtained by either of the before-mentioned processes or
means is to be submitted to a cokeing process, either in a retort or in a {
cokeing oven, and the coke thus obtained will be found to be applicable
to many useful purposes in the arts.
Although I have given the proportions of lime to be employed as being
about from four to eight per cent. of the coal employed, these proportions
will of course vary according to the per centage of sulphur contained in
the coal, and the intimate or perfect character of the admixture.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or

page_text: carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to
be novel and original and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me
by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the production of
a coke containing lime by the employment of the materials herein-before
mentioned, from which the coke is to be produced together with the
lime in a state of fine division, and of intimate admixture and incor-
poration, in the manner and for the purposes herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Hackney, have to this my
Specification set my hand and seal, the Third day of May, One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.