IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING 'PILE ADDYOG LAND TO VARNO BOD DILG WARDING AND IN SIZING THEM
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Cunliffe Lister, of Bradford, County of
York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING 'PILE
ADDYOG LAND TO VARNO BOD DILG WARDING AND IN SIZING THEM
Sealed the 8th February 1870, and dated the 27th August 1869. *
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION, left by the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 27th August 1869.
I, SAMUEL CUNLIFFE LISTER, of Bradford, County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS-FOR
WEAVING PILE AND OTHER FABRICS, AND' IN YARNS FOR PILE FABRICS, AND IN
SIZING THEM," to be as follows:-
Hitherto one of the greatest difficulties in weaving pile fabrics face to
face has been to obtain a regular length of pile. This I accomplish by
placing a pair or more of rollers between the warp beam and the healds;
these are driven by gearing at a suitable speed, and pull the warp from
the beam and deliver it to the healds as required. This method is
applicable to other looms than pile looms.
pile looms. I prefer that one of the
[Price 8d1

page_text: rollers should be fluted and the other covered with leather or caoutchouc
or other elastic or partially elastic substance, and firmly pressed
together.
For traversing the knife to cut the pile I employ according to this
Invention a cam and loop motion in place of the ordinary tappet motion 5
now in use.
In order to make velvet to imitate sealskin or other furs, or for other
purposes, I make the yarn of rabbits' down or other fur, either mixed or
unmixed with silk or other material combed or uncombed.
I also, according to my Invention, employ animal gelatine for sizing 1
the cotton warps for pile fabrics woven face to face, as by so doing
I find the knife to cut the fibres much better than when flour is used.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 26th February 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
CUNLIFFE LISTER, of Bradford, County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her Most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria; by. Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister, Her special
licence that I, the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Samuel Cunliffe
Lister, my executors, administrators, and assigns; should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time, and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed; should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING PILE AND OTHER FABRICS, AND
IN YARNS FOR PILE FABRICS, AND IN SIZING THEM," upon, the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
.

page_text: the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
Hitherto one of the greatest difficulties in weaving pile fabrics face to
face has been to obtain a regular length of pile. This I accomplish by
placing a pair or more of rollers between the warp beam and the healds;
these are driven by gearing at a suitable speed, and pull the warp from
the beam and deliver it to the healds as required. This method is
applicable to other looms than pile looms. I prefer that one of the
rollers should be fluted, and the other covered with leather or caoutchouc
or other elastic or partially elastic substance, and firmly pressed
together.
For traversing the knife to cut the pile I employ according to this
Invention a cam and loop motion in place of the ordinary tappet motion
now in use.
Figure 1 shows a plan view, and Figure 2 a side view of so much of a
loom for weaving pile fabrics face to face as is necessary for illustrating
these parts of my Invention. In these Figures a is the framing of the
loom; b, the driving shaft, from which motion is given to the lay or
batten; c, the cam shaft, which is caused to make, as is usual, one
revolution for every two revolutions of the driving shaft. On this cam
shaft is a pinion d gearing into a toothed wheel e, on the axis of which
is the double cam f. The two parts of this cam are so formed as to bear
respectively against the two rollers g and h, the axes of which are
carried by the side bars of the loop or frame k; this frame is capable of
moving to and fro between guide rollers, as shown, and has connected
to it a rack m, which gears into a pinion n, on the axis of which is a bevil
toothed wheel m¹, which gears with a bevil pinion on the axis o. On
the upper end of this axis is a bevil wheel o gearing into a bevil pinion
on the axis of a quick threaded screw p, which passes from side to side
of the loom. This screw works through a nut on the sliding carriage q,
which carries the knife for cutting the pile. By this arrangement the
knife carriage remains stationary at one side of the loom whilst four

page_text: picks are being made, and whilst the fifth pick is being made the cam y
moves forward the rack m, and by so doing causes the screw p to revolve
and draws the carriage 9 across the loom, causing the knife carried by it
to sever the pile. At the next pick the cam draws back the rack, and
so causes the carriage 9 to travel back to its former position, and holds
it at rest for the next four picks.
Other arrangements of apparatus to that above described may be
adopted for causing a cam and loop motion to actuate the knife by
which the pile of pile fabrics woven face to face is severed.
I will now describe the way in which I prefer to apply nipping rollers.
for delivering to the healds a uniform length of warp.
The circum-
In the loom shown in the Drawing the nipping rollers are employed
for delivering to the healds a uniform supply of the warp which is to
form the pile, but, as before stated, the employment of nipping rollers
for delivering to the healds a uniform supply of warp is applicable to
other looms than looms for weaving pile fabrics. The pile warp as it
comes from its warp beam, and before it passes to the healds, is led, as
shown by the Drawing, between two rollers r, 1; the upper roller is
covered with caoutchouc or other partially elastic substance, and is
pressed down against the lower roller r by springs 2.
ference of the lower roller has small grooves cut in it from end to end,
and the roller is driven continuously by a worm wheel 3 upon it. If
desired more than one roller may be caused to press against the
circumference of the roller 1, or more than one pair of nipping rollers
may be employed. The worm wheel 3 is driven by a worm 8, on the
axis of which is a bevil wheel gearing with a corresponding wheel t, on
the axis of which is a bevil wheel gearing with a bevil wheel on the
axis of the cam shaft c; a continuous revolving motion is thus given to
the roller 7.
What I claim as respects this part of my Invention is,―
First. The giving motion to the knife employed for severing the pile
of pile fabrics woven face to face by means of what is known as the cam
and loop motion, substantially as herein described.
Second. The employment of a pair or more of rollers substantially as
herein described to deliver to the healds of a loom for weaving pile
fabrics face to face a uniform supply of the warp which is to form
the pile.

page_text: Third. The employment of a pair or more of rollers to deliver a
uniform supply of warp to the healds of a loom, substantially as herein
described.
Fourth. The employment of a fluted roller in combination with a
roller covered with elastic or partially elastic substance to deliver a
uniform supply of warp to the healds of a loom, substantially as herein
described.
In order to make velvet to imitate sealskin or other furs, or for other
purposes, I, according to my Invention, make the yarn of which the cut
pile is to be formed of rabbits' down or other fur, either mixed or
unmixed with silk or other material, combed or uncombed.
I I prefer
to mix the rabbits' down or fur with short silk, say, about 1 or 1½ inches
in length, in order that it may spin to finer numbers. The velvet may
be woven and the pile cut in any ordinary manner.
I claim forming the cut pile of velvet from yarn composed of rabbits'
down or fur, or of rabbits' down or fur mixed with silk or other
materials.
I also, according to my Invention, employ animal size or gelatine
for sizing the cotton warps employed to form the pile of pile fabrics
woven face to face, as by so doing I find the knife to cut the fibres
much better than when flour is used. If the cotton warp of which
the pile is composed is sized with a size composed of flour the knife
will not cut efficiently for any length of time, whereas if animal size
be employed the knife will retain its edge and cut well for a great
length of time.
I claim sizing the cotton warps which form the pile of pile fabrics
woven face to face with animal size or gelatine.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
S. C. LISTER. (L.S.)