Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application (in United Kingdom), 4th Dec., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 4th Dec., 1896-Accepted, 13th Mar., 1897
I, JOHN WILLIAM MCDOUGALL, of Napier, in the Colony of New Zealand, Journalist,
do hereby declare the nature of my invention and in what manner the same is to:
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention consists in improvements in pneumatic tires and fastenings for the
same, and has for its object to provide a tire which may be readily repaired in an
effective manner by an unskilled operator and securely fixed upon the rim of the
wheel by simple apparatus.
I carry the object of my invention into effect by dispensing with the usual inner
air-tight tube and make the cover preferably of the ordinary vulcanized rubber and
canvas and lined with fine rubber. This cover is in the form of an endless band and
when taken off the wheel may be straightened out so that repairs may be easily
effected from the inside of the tire. It will be obvious that a strong and effective
repair may be made upon the inside of the tire and one which will resist the internal.
air pressure.
The tire is fixed to the rim of the wheel by forming a fastening out of the tire itself
or its inside lining, or by a band of solid rubber inside the tire and compression rings
of rubber outside, or by rings of wire, or the tire may be secured by means of a band
or frame the ends of which are united by any ordinary fastening. The band has two
rings forming its sides and cross bars uniting the two sides after the manner of a.
parallel ruler, so that when a key or keys are applied to the cross bars the sides of the
band may be forced against the thickened edges of the tire and wedge the same into
the grooves of the rim, thus rendering all joints airtight.
In order that my invention may be most easily understood by one skilled in the art'
to which it appertains I will now proceed to describe the same, reference being had to
the accompanying drawings on which,-
Figure 1 is a section of a tire, wheel rim, and fastening made out of the lining of
the tire.
Figure 2 is a section of the same tire and fastening laid out flat.
Figure 3 is a section of a tire, wheel rim, and fastening formed by a rubber ring'
inside and rubber rings outside.
Figure 4 is a section of the same tire and fastening laid out flat.
Figure 5 is a section of the rim and inside rubber ring and shews a screw for
holding the latter.
Figure 6 is a section of a tire, wheel rim, and fastening made by forcing the
thickened edge of the tire against the rim and wire rings.

page_text: Figure 7' is a section of the said tire and fastening laid out flat.
Figure 8 is a section of the same rim and its band.
Figure 9 is a section of a tire, wheel rim, and fastening made by
ring fitted into the rim and by outside rubber rings.
Figure 10 is a section of the same tire-laid out flat.
an inside rubber
Figure 11 is a section of tire, rim, and fastening made by a metal band.
Figure 12 is a section of the same tire laid out flat.
Figure 13 is a section of the same wheel rim, fastening and its band.
Figure 14 is a side view of the same fastening.
Figure 15 is a plan of the same expanded.
Figure 16 is a plan of the same contracted.
Referring to these views, the cover (a) is made of ordinary vulcanized canvas
lined with fine rubber (b), and is thickened and shaped at its edges (1) as shewn
throughout the views. In the form shewn on Figures 1 & 2 the lining (b) is
produced beyond the edge of the cover and being returned upon itself and secured
constitutes a continuous tube (5) which may expand under pressure. This tube
is not airtight, being perforated by a small orifice (3) which is provided with
and covered by an elastic flap valve (4). After the tire is placed in position in
the rim (c) air is pumped through the air valve (d) and tube (5) inflated to force
the edges (1) of the tire into the recesses of the rim. The pressure of air in the
tube (65) is now sufficient to raise flap (64) as shewn by dotted lines in Figure 1,
and air will then pass into the tire (a) and inflate the same. The pressure of air
in tube (5) will always be greater than that in the tire owing to the resistance
of valve (4) and the tire will be securely fastened by the expansion of tube (65)
before and whilst the tire (a) is being inflated and remain so secured until the tire
is deflated. To deflate the tire the valve (d) is opened in the usual manner. to
allow the air in tube (65) to escape. A blunt wire or similar instrument may be
inserted down centre of valve (d) to hold back flap valve (64) to allow the air to
escape from the tire.
Figures 3, 4 and 5 shew the fastening made of a band of india rubber (/) secured
to the wheel rim (c) by screws (e¹). The edges (61) of the tire are passed beneath the
wings () of the band when packing rings (g), made of a continuous ring of rubber
of circular section, are forced into the position shewn on Figure 3. By these means
the tire is held in position and all joints are made airtight and the tire may then be
inflated.
Figures 6, 7 and 8 shew the fastening made by the edges (61) of the tire (a) being
placed in position within the rim () and held there by ordinary wire rings (c 2).
The tire is firmly secured by the fine rubber lining (6) of the edges (4) being forced
against the fine rubber band (c 3) which is placed within the rim to form an airtight
joint, and the tire may then be inflated.
On Figures 9 and 10 the fastening is made by a rubber ring (4) similar to ring (f)
in Figure 3, but in the present case the ring is let into a recess (4) formed on the
rim (c). Packing rings () of rubber are forced between the flanges of rim (c) and.
the edges (6') of the tire (a), making all the joints airtight, and the tire may then be
inflated.
'On Figures 11, 12 and 13 the fastening is made by a band (m) constructed as
shewn on Figures 14, 15 and 16 where the sides (m) are connected together by cross
bars (m2) and their pins (m 3). This band (m) with its rubber band (c3) is placed
in position upon the rim (c) with its bars arranged at an angle similar to that shewn
on Figure 16, and its ends united in any ordinary manner as by tongues (m 4) and
grooves (m 5) and screws or pins (m 6). The edges (6) are then inserted within the
flanges of the rim (c) and the cross bars (m 2) turned by means of a key or keys (m 7)
until they are at right angles to the sides (m) or approximately so.
securely held and made airtight and may be inflated.
The tire is thus
From this description it will be seen that the tire is fastened in the rim of the
wheel by mechanical pressure applied by means of an air tube, or rubber rings within
and without the tire, or by wire rings, or by an expanding inner band; that when so
7

page_text: fastened the tire is airtight and may be inflated; and that when removed from the
rim the tire may be readily laid out flat and repaired on its inner side. The views
shewn on the drawings illustrate several ways of accomplishing these objects but I
wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself to these methods as the details
may be altered by a skilled person without departing from the spirit of my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is,
1. A pneumatic tire constructed arranged and secured substantially as described.
herein with reference to Figures 1 and 2 on the drawings.
2. A pneumatic tire constructed arranged and secured substantially as described
herein with reference to Figures 3, 4 and 5 on the drawings.
3. A pneumatic tire constructed arranged and secured substantially as described:
herein with reference to Figures 6, 7 and 8 on the drawings.
4. A pneumatic tire constructed arranged and secured substantially as described
herein with reference to Figures 9 and 10 on the drawings.
5. A pneumatic tire constructed arranged and secured substantially as described
herein with reference to Figures 11, 12 and 13 on the drawings..
6. A fastening for pneumatic tires consisting of two rings or sides connected by
cross bars and operated by a key or keys, substantially as described herein with
reference to Figures 14, 15 and 16 on the drawings.
7. The improvements in and relating to pneumatic tires, substantially as and for
the purposes set forth herein and illustrated on the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 24th day of October 1896.
FAIRFAX & WETTER,
433 Strand, London, Agents for the Applicant...