IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR RAISING THE PILE OF WOVEN OR OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR RAISING THE PILE OF WOVEN OR
OTHER FABRICS."A communication from abroad by Pierre Nos d'Argence,
of Paris, in the Empire of France.
Sealed the 31st October 1865, and dated the 1st June 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 1st June 1865.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR RAISING THE PILE OF WOVEN
OR OTHER FABRICS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to raise a pile on woven, knitted, or other
fabrics made of wool, silk, cotton, or other suitable material by operating
upon the surface of such fabrics simultaneously by means of card cylinders or
rollers, or teazles, driven in different directions. To this end the fabric to be
operated upon is fed into the machine, and made to pass under a large
cylinder provided with sets of cards, brushes, or teazles, which as the cylinder
rotates will draw out the fibres longitudinally. From this cylinder the fabric
passes over a pair of horizontal supporting rollers, which keep it extended,

page_text: and conduct it under two rollers armed with teazles, card teeth, or brushes.
These rollers are placed transversely, and are driven in opposite directions, so
that the fibres are not only drawn out longitudinally by the first large card
cylinder, but are also drawn out transversely in opposite directions by the two
transverse cylinders. From these latter the fabric passes under another card
cylinder or brushes, and over an adjustable knife edge or bar, which keeps the
fabric up against the under side of the last-mentioned brush cylinder. By
this means the fibres that have been drawn by the other cylinders will be laid
in a longitudinal direction. The fabric is taken out of the machine by a
roller or cylinder armed with teeth or cards arranged in a double helical form,
commencing at the centre of the cylinder, so as to cause the fabric to be kept
stretched out or extended laterally.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 1st December 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Edward Newton, Her special licence that I, the said William Edward
Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVED MACHINERY POR RAISING THE PILE OF WOVEN OR OTHER FABRICS," being a
communication to me from abroad by Pierre Nos d'Argence, of Paris, in
the Empire of France, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
William Edward Newton, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should pár-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
nianner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in

page_text: the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
The object. of this Invention is to raise a pile on woven, knitted,.or other
fabrics made of wool, silk, cotton, or other suitable material by operating.
upon the surface of such fabric simultaneously by means of card cylinders or
rollers, or teazles, driven in different directions. To this end the fabric to be
operated upon is fed into the machine and made to pass under a large
cylinder provided with sets of cards, brushes, or teazles, which as the cylinder
rotates will draw out the fibres longitudinally. From this cylinder the fabric
passes over a pair of horizontal supporting rollers, which keep it extended,
and conduct it under two rollers armed with teazles, card teeth, or brushes.
These rollers are placed' transversely to the others, and are driven in opposite
directions, so that the fibres are not only drawn out longitudinally by the first
large card cylinder, but are also drawn out transversely in opposite directions
by the other two cylinders. The fabric passes under another card, cylinder or
brushes, and over adjustable knife edges or bars, which keeps the fabric up
against the under side of the last-mentioned brush or cylinder. By this
means the fibres that have been drawn by the other cylinders will be laid in a
longitudinal. direction. The fabric is taken out of the machine by a roller or
cylinder armed with teeth or cards arranged in a double helical form, com-
mencing at the centre of the cylinder, so as to cause the fabric to be kept
stretched out or extended laterally.
In the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the machine
taken at that side where the driving power is applied; Fig. 2 is an elevation
of the back of the machine; Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation of that end of the
machine opposite to where the driving power is applied.
. The machine which forms the subject of the present Invention is composed,
firstly, of a drum E, the shaft of which receives rotary motion by means of
the fast and loose pullies P, P, Fig. 2. This drum is provided with a number
of plates furnished with card teeth, to act on the fabric in a longitudinal
direction. The shaft of the drum E carries a bevil toothed wheel a, which
drives another bevil wheel 6 keyed upon a horizontal shaft h, which transmits
motion through the wheels d, d', to a small vertical shaft f, which by means..
of the bevil gear 9, 9, 9, actuates in an opposite direction pullies C, C, Fig. 2,

page_text: round which pass endless bands of card teeth R, R', and which extend to
other pullies D, D, at the other end of the machine. These endless bands
A card
when passing over the fabric act upon it in a transverse direction.
cylinder A actuated by a band from the shaft of the drum E is intended to
raise and fix the pile in the desired direction by the aid of a knives situate
beneath, and the position and inclination of which are rendered variable in
two directions by running upon the table of the framing by a set screw, and
by being raised by another vertical screw. A roller 1, Fig. 3, furnished with
a click, or it might be with a break, first receives the fabric to be operated
upon, shewn in red in the Drawing, whence it is guided by another roller L,
arranged to allow of the tension upon the drum E being regulated. The
fabric passes thence over and under rollers M, N, O, which support it hori-
zontally beneath the endless bands of cards R, R¹, and from. there it passes
over and under tension rollers Q, S, which conduct it to the cylinder A.
Below the cylinder A are knife edges x, x, which allow of the fabric being
brought up to the required distance, and cause it to bear upon the cylinder,
either at one point situate beneath its centre of motion or by causing the
cloth to embrace any portion of the circumference of the cylinder A, either
in front or rear. After passing between the cylinder A and the knife
edges a, a, the fabric is drawn forward over a cylinder G provided with card
teeth, which are preferred to be in the form of fillets wound round it spirally
in two opposite directions in order to stretch the fabric laterally. In order
that the fabric may not be drawn in under the cylinder G, it is thrown out-
wards by means of rotary beaters I mounted on the shaft of a pulley H.
The cloth falls down in front, from whence it may be taken and again passed
through the machine in a continuous manner if required. It is to be observed
that the most delicate operation is the passage of the fabric between the knife
edges x, x¹, and the cylinder A, this latter being held in place by adjustable
brackets y, which allow of variation in position. For this purpose these
brackets Y, which are attached to the framing, are capable of rocking on
their fulcra at y, and are provided with adjustable sockets or collars, which
may be set in any required position by means of a hand lever, or in any other
convenient manner. The rotation of the cylinder G is effected by means of
a worm and worm wheel V, v, Fig. 1, driven by means of the bevil gearing a, b,
from the shaft of the cylinder E. In order to bring the endless bands R from
the pullies C, C, and D, D¹, into contact with the fabric, rollers N, Q,.are
set at convenient distances from the pullies C, and thus prevent the edges
from being taken hold of and turned up.
Having thus described the nature of this Invention, and the manner of

page_text: carrying the same into effect, as communicated to me by my foreign corre-
spondent, I desire it to be understood that I do not intend to confine myself
rigidly to the precise arrangement or construction of the parts above shewn
and described, as they may be varied without departing from the nature and
object of the Invention, but that which I desire to claim as the.Invention
secured to me under the above in part recited Letters Patent is,
First, raising the pile of the fabric by operating upon the latter with
teazles, cards, brushes, or other pile-producing apparatus in different directions,
such as longitudinally and transversely.
Second, I claim the arrangement of apparatus or mechanism herein set
forth, whereby this compound operation may be effected in one and the same
machine.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the First day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
Witness,
FRED. WALEDEN,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.S.)