matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IM- PROVEMENTS IN COUCHES OR SOPAS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER LIKE FURNITURE
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Benjamin Hawkins at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th March 1856.
I, JOSEPH BENJAMIN HAWKINS, of Reading, in the County of Berkshire,
Cabinet Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IM-
PROVEMENTS IN COUCHES OR SOPAS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER LIKE
FURNITURE, to be as follows:-
My said improvements refer to making couches reversible, so as to have
right or left hand scroll ends, securing the several parts with screws or with
studs and slot holes; and in the mode of fixing and tightening the bottonis of
web or other suitable material, which bottoms are also applicable to chairs,
bedsteads, and other like furniture.
The fronts of the scrolls of couches or sofas, the back, and the stuffing of
the back, and also the entire facing of the framing, are each retained in their
places by means of metal studs, and corresponding slot holes let into the
wood, and the scrolls and backs are secured to each other and to the frame by
screw bolts and nuts. The common wood framing carries the legs, fastened to
it by screw bolts, and it is dovetailed at the four corners, and within it are
two or more stay rails, to which the two sides are screwed.

page_text: The web or other like bottoms are tightened by two different methods, but
are screwed to one side and one end of the frame alike, that is to say, by
doubling the end of a web, passing the loop, so formed, through a slit produced
by a side lath, then inserting a small wooden wedge, its lesser end upwards,
and drawing back the web, which is pinched and tightly secured by the wedge
partially entering the slit. The opposite ends of the webs are similarly passed
through slits in one or more rollers rotating on axles, and regulated with
ratchet work placed parallel within the side and end of the frame. Or, another
plan I adopt, is to pass the ends of the webs through slits in one or more
lengths of laths, also placed parallel within or near the sides and ends of the
framing, but on one side, and one end having a space between, so that by
means of screw bolts passing through the frame and entering the laths, the
same can be drawn close to the framing, thereby tightening the webbing
bottom; and this arrangement for bedsteads and seats generally may be rendered
portable by using an independent light wood framing, divided into two or more
parts folding together and hinged The linen cover over the web bottom is
secured to the frame by being, pressed into a ploughed groove by strips of
sheet lead or other metal or material.
IMPROVED MEANS OF ORNAMENTING THE SURFACES OF WOVEN, KNITTED, OR FELTED FABRICS, SUCH AS CLOTHS, STUFFS, RIBBONS, AND OTHER FABRICS; OR OF PARCHMENT, VELLUM, LEATHER, OR OTHER ANIMAL TISSUES, AND RENDERING SUCH FABRICS OR TISSUES APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Maw at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th March 1856.
I, ARTHUR MAW, of Broseley, in the County of Salop, Manufacturer
of Encaustic Tiles, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVED MEANS OF ORNAMENTING THE SURFACES OF WOVEN, KNITTED, OR FELTED
FABRICS, SUCH AS CLOTHS, STUFFS, RIBBONS, AND OTHER FABRICS; OR OF PARCHMENT,
VELLUM, LEATHER, OR OTHER ANIMAL TISSUES, AND RENDERING SUCH FABRICS OR
TISSUES APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS PURPOSES, to be as follows:-
My Invention of improved means of ornamenting the surfaces of fabrics or
tissues, consists in the employment of certain processes, closely allied to the
process of photography, and whereby the surfaces of these materials may be
rendered sensitive to light, so that, having obtained a negative picture on glass
or paper, or some other transparent or translucent material, a positive impres-
sion or image may be transferred to the prepared surface of the fabric or tissue.
By these means any variety of design or pattern may be transferred to these
materials; but the particular nature of the design or pattern must depend not
only upon the taste of the operator, but also upon the purpose for which the
ornamented materials are to be employed.

page_text: It will be clearly understood, from the foregoing, that the Invention admits
of an infinite variety of applications; for instance, it may be successfully
applied to ornamenting various articles of dress, and also for ornamenting
books, both externally and internally, as well as various articles of furniture,
and to other purposes too numerous to mention.
AN IMPROVED CORE Box
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Webster at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th August
1856. A communication from Abner Van Horn, of New York.
I, WILLIAM WEBSTER, of 22, Bunhill Row, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CORE
Box," (a communication,) to be as follows; and consists in having the divi-
sional compartments of core boxes, used for moulding cores for valve cocks
and faucets, made in such a manner that they may be withdrawn or removed
by having them project, and drawn through the body part of the box without
opening it or disturbing the sand, whereby the core can be more perfectly
moulded and seperated from the box or flasks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PADDLE WHEELS, OR PROPELLING APPARATUS FOR SHIPS OR VESSELS
Year: 1856

page_text: was
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Craib Ross at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th September
1856.
I, ROBERT CRAIB Ross, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PADDLE WHEELS, OR PROPELLING APPARATUS FOR SHIPS OR
VESSELS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the so arranging and constructing the paddle
wheels or propellers of steam or other vessels, that the paddle boards, floats,
or actual propelling surfaces may be caused to move with additional or superior
velocity at or about the time when such paddle boards are immersed in the
water to their greatest depth, and thus affording a superior propelling action.
Each paddle wheel, constructed in this manner, has fitted to it a separate short
shaft for communicating the necessary differential motion to the paddle boards.
The paddle itself overhangs the outer end of the crank shaft of the engines, and
this end is bored out for a short distance in the direction of its axial line, to
form a bearing recess for one end of the separate shaft. The other end of
this shaft has its bearing in the wing of the vessel, or the outside of the paddle
box, the shaft being of course extended right through the boss or central por-
tion of the paddle wheel; and in the axial line thereof the paddle shaft causes
this separate shaft to revolve in a direction the reverse of that of the main

page_text: shaft itself, by means of suitable gearing.connecting the two shafts. The
separate shaft has keyed upon it a cam or eccentric for each paddle board, and
the paddle board arms are each arranged to act as levers by being set upon
separate stud centres or bearings. As the paddle wheel revolves, each cam
acts at the proper time upon the inner end of its corresponding paddle arm,
so as to urge forward the paddle board at an increased speed at the time
determined upon. Under this arrangement each paddle board enters and
leaves the water at its natural rate, whilst, at the time that its best effect is
given out, it exceeds the rate derived from the paddle wheel, and produces a
superior propelling effect.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY WHEELS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Patrick Heyns at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 21st April
1856.
I, PATRICK HEYNS, of Poplar, County of Middlesex, Cooper, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY
WHEELS," to be as follows:-
I prepare a cast or wrought-iron circular ring, of proper diameter and
thickness, for the rim or tyre of my wheel, having on it a suitable flange. I
similarly prepare a cast or wrought-iron nave, of the proper diameter and
thickness, having a perforation in the centre for the axle. If either of these
(the tyre or nave) be made of cast iron, it may have, if necessary, a wrought-
iron rim fixed securely round its outer surface, and the flange of the tyre may
have a shifting flange secured to its inner or outer surface or face. Having
now placed the said tyre and nave in their proper relative positions, I fix on
them and to them two wrought or cast-iron discs or plates, one on each side,
firmly bolted, screwed, or riveted, circular, and of a diameter nearly equal to
that of the tyre or rim. . These plates or discs may be either straight or curved,
preferably the latter, having their outer faces concave, with a suitable per-
foration in the centre for the axle to pass through. The wheel may also bo
made having only one plate; a tyre and nave is then fixed either to one side or

page_text: both; the flange may either be formed by the prolongation of the disc beyond
the tyre, or on the tyre itself, or on both. When the tyre and nave are fixed
on both sides of the plate or disc, the wheel may be used with either face
outwards; moreover, the tyre and plate or the plate and nave may, if necessary,
be constructed of one piece.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF TICKETS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER USES
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Wesley Hardwick at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th June 1856.
I, PHILIP WESLEY HARDWICK, of Gibson Square, in the County of Middle-
sex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF TICKETS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER USES," to be
as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to enable railway and other ticket collectors
and inspectors to ascertain whether the return or season tickets presented to
their inspection were issued to the persons presenting them. This I proposé
to effect by printing or stamping upon the tickets as they are issued aný
arbitrary signs, such as letters or figures, which shall indicate the age, sex,
and chief peculiarities of the person demanding a ticket. For printing these
signs I provide suitable printing apparatus, either forming a portion of the
The
ordinary dating or numbering press, or forming a distinct machine.
letters, figures, or other printing surfaces I arrange in groups or singly on
separate blocks, or I arrange them upon the periphery of wheels, which may
be operated so as to bring up any required letters or signs abreast of each
other, after the manner of the numbering apparatus. When stamping is
adopted, I use a suitable stamping press provided with sets of dies or stampers

page_text: for punching out holes in or indenting the surface of the ticket. By this
means it will be readily understood that each ticket just previously to being
issued may be readily endorsed with signs that will indicate the complexion,
stature, &c. of the proper holder of the ticket, and thus a check will be put
upon the transfer or loan of excursion, return, and season tickets.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RUGS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Green, George Holloway,
and Thomas Grubb at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 27th August 1856.
We, WILLIAM GREEN, GEORGE HOLLOWAY, and THOMAS GRUBB, Rug Manu-
facturers, all of Kidderminster, in the County of Worcester, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF RUGS," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
Our Invention, which has for its object to improve the texture of the end
borders of beam rugs, and which is also applicable to varying the colors in
Brussels' rugs, consists in weaving the end borders of the said rugs separately,
and subsequently attaching the same by sewing or otherwise to the bodies of
the said rugs, the backs of which are woven beyond the ends thereof for the
said purpose; thus, in the beam rugs, borders of finer texture may be produced
than by the usual method of fingering in at the ends, and in the Brussels' rugs
additional colors may be introduced; the corners, which may also be sepa-
rately woven and fitted into the design of the borders, are to be attached, by
sewing or otherwise, in like manner to the end borders.
IMPROVED APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE GRINDING OF GRAIN AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Frederick Plummer at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th August 1856.
I, WILLIAM FREDERICK PLUMMER, of St. Mary's Overy Wharf, in the
Borough of Southwark, Mechanist, do hereby declare the nature of the sail
Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE GRINDING OF GRAIN AND
OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to a novel mode of closing the eye of millstone
cases in which an exhaust or partial exhaust is desired to be maintained.
For this purpose I mount on the top stone an annular trough, which surrounds
the eye of that stone, and into this trough dips a tubular projection from the
case. In the
In the trough I insert water or other liquid in sufficient quantity to
make an air-tight joint, and I thus prevent air from entering the case except
by the eye of the top stone. The current of air down the eye I produce by
an exhaust apparatus, which draws the air upwards out of the case after it has
passed between the grinding surfaces, but the meal falls down the ordinary
shute or discharge spout. This spout I fit with a pair of hinged valves, which
are connected together and open and close alternately, so as to prevent an up
draft of air through the meal spout, and below the lower valve a roller is
mounted for discharging by its rotation the meal in a continuous stream. The

page_text: air which passes up to the exhaust apparatus enters, together with the stive or
fine flour which it carries with it, into a rotating chamber, the periphery of
which is formed of wire gauze, or other porous fabric. This chamber, which
is intended to separate the stive from the air, is set at an incline, and I prefer
to make it of an octagon form. As it rotates, it is acted upon by beaters,
which clear the meshes of the fine flour, and thereby facilitate the discharge
of the air from the chamber.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDS FOR JACQUARD MECHANISM
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
January 1856.-A communication.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDS FOR JACQUARD
MECHANISM," & communication from Gaspard Mesmer, of S' Louis, in the
Empire of France, Manufacturer, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of the
cards for jacquard machines, whereby one set of cards is made permanently
applicable to any variety of designs or patterns by simply adjusting or setting
the cards to the particular pattern or design required. The improved card
may be composed either of wood, sheet metal, strong cardboard, gutta percha,
or any other material applicable thereto, and is perforated over its entiro
surface, similar to one of the sides of the jacquard cylinder. Behind each of
these holes is hinged a small door or stop piece, which closes the hole when
shut down, and leaves it open when turned back. In preparing the cards for
any particular design, the hinged stops are all closed, and the pattern is read
off on to a perforated board corresponding to the canvas, and whereever a hole
is required in the card a peg is fitted into the corresponding hole in the board.
The pattern for one card being thus completed, the card itself is laid upon the

page_text: pegs in the board, which pegs enter the corresponding holes in the card, and
push or open back the hinged stop, the rest where there are no pegs remaining
closed.
The card may now be said to have been punched, and the stops are held
fixed in their respective positions, some closed and others open, by a back
piece of metal or other suitable material, which corresponds in size and shape
to the cards, and is perforated over its entire surface to correspond thereto.
This back piece presses against the stops and holds them fixed, being itself
secured by a simple fastening to the card. A number of these-cards are linked
together by wire links or other simple contrivance, and are then used in the
ordinary inanner over a jacquard cylinder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF ATTACHING TOGETHER OR SECURING SHEETS AND PIECES OF PAPER, OR MANUSCRIPT DOCUMENTS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
April 1856. A communication.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF ATTACHING
TOGETHER OR SECURING SHEETS AND PIECES OF PAPER, OR MANUSCRIPT DOCUMENTS,
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the attachment of brief, and
other sheets of paper, in a manner that will admit of their being readily
detached, to add or replace other sheets. For this purpose, the sheets of
paper are punched with holes or notches to receive a band, strap, cord, or
other like attachment. It is preferred, however, to use cords, strips, or bands
of vulcanized india-rubber, for fastening together sheets, brief or book wise.
When bands are used, they are sprung into their place and made to embrace
the portion of paper lying between the notches or indents in the edges of the
paper. A convenient method of connecting together the pierced sheets is to
use elastic cords, carrying at their ends pins or stops, shaped so as to pass
readily endways through the punched holes, but fitted to the cord, so that

page_text: when it contracts, the pins will be lengthways across the holes, and thus make
good the attachment of the sheets. An efficient fastening, capable of easy
disengagement, is also obtained by the use of a strip of sheet india-rubber,
which is threaded through the holes of the paper, and secured by drawing one
end of the strip through a slit in the other end.
The Invention also relates to the use of studs for temporarily attaching
several sheets of punched paper together, the space between the stud heads,
not occupied by the paper, being filled by the insertion of a washer of india-
rubber. In order to facilitate the filing of letters, receipts, and other
documents, it is proposed to punch the paper intended for use, the hole will
then indicate to the person filing the document the place for inserting the
point of the file, as well as shew the writer the spot he should leave blank.
For the purpose of filing documents in a manner that will facilitate their
portability, and permit of the easy removal of any particular paper from a
filed bundle, it is proposed to attach to the opposite ends of a cord a pin
and socket, which will fit tightly the one within the other, the whole forming
together an efficient substitute for the rigid file.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Pettitt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th March
1856.
I, EDWIN PETTITT, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES" to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to improvements in machinery for compressing cotton
and other fibrous substances preparatory to carding or combing them, by which
means I obtain greater uniformity in the rovings and yarns, as described in the
Specification of certain former Letters Patent granted to me, and bearing date
on or about the 21st of April 1855.
In the present Invention I employ a trunk or hopper, into which the fibrous
substance is fed by a roller in the usual way, and compressed by a plunger or
piston, and I place at the bottom or end of such trunk, a fluted or toothed
roller, working against a curved surface or plate, which regulates the exit of
the fibrous substance, and the quantity fed to the cards. The cotton or other
fibrous material is compressed by the plunger and carried out by the aforesaid
toothed or fluted roller, which is driven at a slower speed than the roller
feeding the trunk or hopper. The fibrous substance is thus fed over or past

page_text: the edge of the plate, where it is seized by the "licker-in" roller of a carding
or preparing machine. The plate may be curved to follow the form of the
aforesaid toothed roller, and of part of the, surface of the licker-in roller.
This curved plate and toothed or fluted roller may also be used with some of
the other arrangements of apparatus described in the Specification of the
aforesaid Letters Patent. The toothed or fluted roller may be pressed towards
the curved plate by levers or otherwise.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN SUPPLYING OIL TO THE BURNERS OF LAMPS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Moss Defries at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th February
1856.
I, Moss DEFRIES, of the firm of Jonas Defries and Sons, of Houndsditch,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
SUPPLYING OIL TO THE BURNERS OF LAMPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in supplying oil to the
burners of lamps. For this purpose, a lamp is constructed with a vessel to
contain the oil in like manner to what is called a moderator lamp, in order
to keep a constant overflow of oil to the burner. This oil vessel is cylindrical,
and has within it a piston with a cupped leather around, in a similar manner
to what has heretofore been used, so that the oil by the descent of the piston
may be forced up the supply tube to the burner. To the piston is connected
a weight sufficient to press down the piston and to force up the oil to the
burner. The weight is suspended to an axis in such manner that the piston
may descend and unwind the cord or chain by which it is suspended. The
overflow oil descends above the piston, and remains above it till, by the turning
of the axis, the piston is raised in the oil vessel. The lamp may have
apparatus for moderating the flow of oil, or the apparatus may be omitted.
AN IMPROVED CUTTING APPARATUS FOR REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPÉCIFICATION left by Thomas Earp at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th December
1856.
I, THOMAS EARP, of Newark, in the County of Nottingham, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CUTTING
APPARATUS FOR REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the employment of a threaded shaft or screw,
which, on being rotated, cuts or performs a cutting action against a fixed
sickle or sharp edge.
The holding fingers are arched at back to correspond to the diameter of
the screw, and are formed at the arched parts with cutting edges. All the
fingers are united to one common rod. The screw is fixed in its bearings, and
caused to rotate. by suitable gear, driven by the onward motion of the
implement or otherwise.
AN IMPROVED OIL FOR BURNING IN LAMPS, AND AN IMPROVED BURNER AND CHIMNEY
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
October 1856.-A communication.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED OIL FOR BURNING IN LAMPS, AND AN IMPROVED BURNER AND
CHIMNEY," (communicated to me by a foreigner residing abroad), to be as
follows:-
The base of this improved oil is fixed oil of resin, which oil has never been
burnt with success on account of the great quantity of black smoke given off,
arising from its containing about 92 per cent. of carbon, but by mixing with
it, in greater or less quantities, some one or more of the various white vegetable
or animal oils an oil is obtained not only capable of being burnt, but of giving
greater light than that obtained from using any of the animal or vegetable
oils alone. This improved oil, which the Inventor calls "elapolle," may be
consumed in moderator, carcel, or other wicked oil lamps, but as the wick
would be too quickly carbonized, it is necessary to adapt to them the following
improved burner:-The improved burner is composed of three tubes; the
inner tube is hollow through the centre as usual, and the wick surrounds it;
outside the wick is another tube concetric with the wick tube, but not carried
so far upwards. The height of this last-named tube must be that to which
the oil will rise, and so much as is not consumed fall over outside of it into

page_text: the reservoir in the usual manner. Outside of this second there is a third
tube open at bottom, with a turned over. or deflecting edge at top, and
extending upwards close to,. but under. the. level at which the wick stands
while the lamp is alight.. For convenience this outer air tube may be
made in two parts, which fit into one another. This burner will be found
adapted to the burning of all oils containing large quantities of carbon.
The lamp or burner chimney is at bottom of such circumference as to fit
into the holder; it then bulges or swells considerably, in order to form a hot
air chamber round, the flame is brought inwards, and narrowed. to a circle
about the circumference of the wick, from which it is again taken outwards
and continued upwards to form a tube of about the same circumference as, at
the bottom where it entered the holder..
AN IMPROVED WALKING STICK PIPE
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sigmund Rothenheim at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with, his Petition, on the
21st November 1856.
I, SIGMUND ROTHENHEIM, of the City of London, Umbrella and Walking
Stick Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED WALKING STICK PIPE," to be as follows:-
Canes or walking sticks are pierced or bored out and converted into tubes
or stems for tobacco pipes. The mouth-piece is fitted to the bottom or thin
end of the stick or cane, and the ferrule, which is hollowed out to admit of
the mouth-piece, is made to screw on and off the end of the stick, so as to
protect the mouth-piece when the stick is used for walking. The knob or
handle of the stick when made of wood is hollowed out to form the bowl of
the pipe, and to prevent it being burned I intend to line it with metal or pipe
clay, or any other suitable substance. The cap of the bowl is fitted with a
screw, or made in the form of a lid with or without hinges. The knob or
handle can also be made of meerschaum or other material, and I intend to
make knobs fitted to receive a small stock of tobacco and lucifer matches, or
other articles for lighting the pipe, or of snuff. The inside of the tube or stem
may be lined with pipe clay, caoutchouc, or other suitable substance. I also
intend to provide the knob or bowl with a short stem, with or without a mouth-

page_text: picco and to enlarge the inside of the cane or stick to receive the short stem.
By this latter contrivance the walking stick may be used as one long pipe, or
the top part may be removed and used as a short pipe, whilst by screwing
on a cap or top the long stem may be used as a walking stick.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING AND COATING METALLIC SURFACES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Davison Atkinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
October 1856.-A communication.
I, ROBERT DAVISON ATKINSON, of Kingston-upon-Hull, in the Town and
County of the Town of Kingston-upon-Hull, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING AND COATING METALLIC
SURFACES," to be as follows (that is to say):-
My Invention, which has reference to an improved method of preparing
and coating metallic surfaces, such as iron and lead, so as to preserve them
from oxidation, and enable them to be employed as substitutes for the more
expensive metals as at present in use for various purposes, such as coppering
ships' bottoms, pans, boilers, bars, bolts, tubes, or otherwise, consists, firstly,
in depositing copper or brass upon surfaces of iron previously prepared, by
being melted in conjunction with carbonic acid gas, and either coating or
covering them with a brush or through the medium of galvanic agency,
employing for the said purposes melted copper or brass, or solutions, or water
containing salts of the same; and, secondly, in employing sulphate or sul-
phuret of lead as a coating to preserve the surfaces of lead from atmospherical
and other influences.
IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON SHIP-BUILDING, AND IN IRON PLATES THEREFOR, WHICH PLATES ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES WHERE GREAT STRENGTH IS REQUIRED
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Toward at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th January
1856.
I, JOHN TOWARD, of the Glasshouse Bridge Iron Works, in the Town and
County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON SHIP-BUILDING, AND IN IRON
PLATES THEREFOR, WHICH PLATES ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES WHERE
GREAT STRENGTH IS REQUIRED," to be as follows:―
This Invention relates to a mode of strengthening the plates used in the
hulls of iron ships at the part where the bulkheads join, or for strengthening
the bulkheads themselves.
In iron ships of the ordinary construction, that part of the hull at the bulk-
heads is generally the weakest, and it is proposed to strengthen this part by
rolling a longitudinal or transverse rib on the plates for use in forming the
bulkheads. When rolled longitudinally, it is proposed to cut pieces out or
step the sides of the plates so ribbed, so that the joints with the other plates
may be crossed. When the rib is rolled transversely on the plate, it is formed
or rolled near one end, the plates being reversed alternately, so as to cross the
joints, and form a continuous rib across the vessel, to which rib the plates
forming the bulkhead may be rivetted. These ribbed or strengthened plates

page_text: may be rolled or prepared by rolls of the ordinary construction used for
rolling boiler plates, with the addition of one or two guide rollers to introduce
the plates into the nick for forming the rib, or by any other convenient
arrangement of machinery.
Plates so constructed are also applicable to the construction of boilers or
tanks requiring stays, and also in many instances where T iron is now used,
or where there is not room to rivet T iron on.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTS AND VANS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Duckett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st February
1856.
I, GEORGE DUCKETT, of 5, Norfolk Terrace, Westbourne Grove West,
Bayswater, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CARTS AND VANS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the construction of carts and vans, in such
manner, that they may with convenience be used either open or closed. For
this purpose each cart or van is made with a moveable cover at the upper
parts, which cover descends to the foot-board, and it may have attached thereto
a small dash board, or the dash board may be fixed to the fixed foot-board of
the cart or van at the back. The cart or van is made with a flap in the
ordinary manner. On the upper and at the front part of the cover is made
and fixed a driving seat, by which arrangement, when the cover is placed on
the cart or van, it will be closely covered at the top and in the front, and it will
be closed in by the flap at the back. When the cover is lifted off or removed,
it will be an ordinary open cart or van.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN RANGES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Butcher at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd July
1856.
I, SAMUEL BUTCHER, of Bristol, Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN RANGES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates chiefly to a novel arrangement of hot plate, which
overlaps the open fire-place, and gives to the range all the advantages of a
close fire grate, as respects its heating qualities, without interfering with the
open chimney. The range I provide either with one or two ovens. When
made with one oven, the heated air passes through an open grating in the side
of the fire-place, and circulates round the oven, and thence to a central flue
leading to the chimney.
In this arrangement, the blower, which is hinged, extends the whole width
of the range; but when a second oven is used, the blower is contracted in
length, and the second oven is set on a level therewith. The heated air, after
circulating round the first or lower oven, passes by a flue in the side of the
range (and fitted with a damper) up to the second oven, around which it
circulates in like manner, and then escapes to the chimney.

page_text: I would remark, that the setting of the hot plate partly over the fire will
not interfere with or detract from the roasting capacity of the cooking range,
the fire-being capable of extension to the full length of the fire-place, as in
ordinary ranges.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF PULP FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, MILLBOARD, AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herman John Van den Hout at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th May 1856.
I, HERMAN JOHN VAN DEN HOUT, of Covent Garden, in the County of
Middlesex, Artist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF PULP FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER,
MILLBOARD, AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
I take curriers' shavings of skins or hides employed in the manufacture of
leather, and wash them thoroughly to rid them of impurities, after which
they are transferred to the ordinary pulping machine. To the pulp so
prepared I add from 15 to 60 per cent. of any common pulp made from rope,
rags, or other suitable kinds of fibrous or textile materials; or I sometimes
take the offals and cuttings of all kinds of leather, and after they have been
soaked in water put them in a fullers' mill with fullers' earth, and beat them
until they become quite soft and easily divided; after which they are to be
treated in a pulping machine, and mixed up as before with suitable pulp from
fibrous or textile materials. The two pulps composing each process being
thus well combined, are then ready to be worked by continuous or other paper

page_text: machines, but I prefer those with from-six to seven drying rollers, and are to
be employed as customary in the manufacture of paper, millboard, and similar
articles; .and such combined pulps are also applicable for the purposes to
which papier mache is generally applied.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM-ENGINE GOVERNORS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
July 1856. A communication.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM-ENGINE GOVERNORS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of the
centrifugal ball governor, such as is commonly applied to stationary engines,
for the purpose of adapting it to marine engines.
The principal feature of the Invention consists in the suspension of the
governor spindle, at or near the top, by a ball and socket joint, or any other
equivalent contrivance, to form a universal joint, so that it may always be
caused by gravitation to maintain a vertical position notwithstanding any
movement of the vessel. The stem of the governor consists of a metal tube,
having a slot at the lower end, whereby the inner arms of the governor
may be made to act upon a rod that works up and down inside the metal tube
as the balls diverge from each other during their rotation. The upper end o

page_text: this rod acts upon a lever connected with the steam ports, and thereby
regulates the supply of steam, and consequently the speed of the engine. An
adjustable collar, carrying an arm which supports a guide pulley, is adapted to
the stem of the governor, so as to guide the driving band to the pulley on the
stem of the governor, whatever may be the position of the vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELASTIC FABRICS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Archibald Turner, of Leicester, India-rubber Manu-
facturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
ELASTIC FABRICS."
Sealed the 20th March 1856, and dated the 23rd January 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Archibald Turner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
January, 1856.
I, ARCHIBALD TURNER, of Leicester, India-rubber Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF ELASTIC FABRICS to be as follows:-
The elastic fabrics, to which the present Invention is intended to be applied,
are those narrow fabrics which are attached to the ends of gloves or stockings,
and are composed principally of strands of india-rubber, bound together with
a weft of some non-elastic material.
The present improvements consist in making a kind of double selvage on
one side of this kind of fabric, so that the elastic fabric may be more easily
placed upon the knitting machine, and will when made up with the glove lie -

page_text: flatter and present a better appearance than if an elastic band of fabric made
in the ordinary manner is be:employed.
In carrying out my Invention, I employ for the outermost strand, on that
side of the fabric where I desire to form a double selvage, a strand composed
of india-rubber, covered helically with a non-elastic thread, which will protect
the india-rubber strand from.abrasion. Instead of binding this strand in with
the other strands by means of all the weft threads, this outermost covered
strand is bound in by only every alternate weft thread, so that a kind of inner
selvage will be formed between the covered india-rubber strand and the
contiguous one.
I also propose sometimes to employ in combination with the covered india-
rubber strand above-mentioned one or more non-elastic strands, which, being
placed longitudinally in the fabric by the side of the covered elastic strand, will
also assist in protecting the same, and prevent it from being subjected to any
undue strain.or:tension.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FURNACES EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR OTHER METALS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Aitken at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th November 1856.
I, JOHN AITKEN, of Islington, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
FURNACES EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR OTHER METALS," to be
as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the furnaces employed in the manufacture
of iron or other metals relates to a means of causing the blast of air in
smelting, purifying, refining, and other furnaces to act more effectually on the
ore or metal than in the furnaces now in use.
The impurities of iron. being carbon, sulphur, phosphorous, and silicon, it is
proposed to attach to the top of the furnace a pipe connected with a fan or
air pump, which being worked by an engine will draw or exhaust the air from
the furnace and form a partial vacuum in the furnace above the metal; this
will cause a current of air to pass from apertures below through the metal,
which will boil, and the oxygen of the atmosphere that will be admitted
through the apertures below will readily combine with the carbon, sulphur,
and phosphorous, and these impurities will be liberated and will fly off as gas;
the air will mix much more freely with the metal in consequence of the mass
being spongy, and losing much of its tenacity when relieved of the weight of
the atmosphere (which is about equal in pressure to five feet depth of metal).
The metal will thus be purified, rendered fibrous and malleable, at a much

page_text: lower degree of heat than it can be under the pressure of the atmosphere,
consequently it will be of a better quality. Heated air or air mixed with
oxygen or other carbonizing gases may be used instead of the atmosphere.
My Invention is applicable to any furnaces employed in the manufacture of
metals, and will be found advantageous whenever it is required to refine or
purify metals by bringing the atmosphere or any gases into intimate contact
with the metal while the latter is in a fluid or semi-fluid state.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN METALLIC AND ELASTIC PACKING
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Victor Delperdange at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th January.
1856.
I, VICTOR DELPERDANGE, Engineer, of 125, Rue Verte, Schaerbeck, Brussels,.
Belgium, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN METALLIC AND ELASTIC PACKING" to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to means of arranging and combining series of
elastic metallic rings within a suitable box, with means of keeping them
pressed to the rod or other axis to be packed. The rings are placed in layers
to press by elastic force upon the rod or shaft, and the first of them (or that
next the shaft) is divided in the direction of its length into two or more parts,
the slit or opening of one of which is placed so as to break with or not be
over that of the other, and the next and succeeding layers are so placed that
the slits or openings may break or not be over the slits or openings of the
preceding. The ends of these combined rings are formed conical, and are
borne upon by rings with corresponding cones, which by the force of prepared
india-rubber or other suitable spring are kept close when pressed on by the
cap or cover of the box, by which a simple and efficient packing will be
obtained.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SLIDE VALVES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Dubs and Josiah Evans at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
12th September 1856.
We, HENRY DUBS, of the Vulcan Foundry, Warrington, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, and JOSIAH EVANS, of Haydock, of the same County,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SLIDE VALVES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction and
arrangement of the slide valves of steam engines, whereby the pressure on the
back and face of the slide is balanced or equalized, thus reducing the friction
in working. According to one modification, the slide is fitted or formed with
an enlargement on the back, such enlargement being furnished with a packing
ring which works against the inner face of the valve cover or partition.
This packing ring is kept pressed against the cover or partition by the steam
pressure in the valve chest, thus dispensing with the use of springs for keeping
the packing tight during working. Springs may, however, be used, if found
desirable, for the purpose of keeping the packing ring in its place when there
is no steam in the valve chest. The area of the enlargement on the back
of the slide is equal or nearly equal to the area of the face of the valve, so
that the valve will work in equilibrium, or nearly so. An opening may be
left in the valve chest cover at the part within the enlargement on the
valve for the purpose of shewing any leakage which may take place through
the packing of the valve, or, if desirable, the exhaust may pass through it.

page_text: Another modification of balance slide valve consists in forming the slide
open throughout, or in the form of a rectangular or other shaped frame.
This slide is slightly tapered or wedge-shaped laterally, and bears against
the valve face on the cylinder, as well as upon the inner face of the valve chest
cover or partition. In this cover or partition are made a set of grooves or
channels, corresponding in number, size, and position, with the exhaust and
steam ports on the cylinder. The object of these grooves or channels is to
counterbalance the pressure of the steam in the ports and steam chest
against the face of the valve. By making the slide wedge-shaped laterally, its
adjustment is easily effected by means of suitable adjusting screws and wedges.
The slide being open throughout, the exhaust may obviously be taken
through the valve chest cover or partition if found desirable. Should the
slides be preferred parallel, a contrivance must be fixed on the back to keep
the back face up to the slide.
In case two valves are used, one at each end of the cylinder, the slides may
be made solid.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR INTERCEPTING THE SMOKE AND HEATED GASES IN ITS PASSAGE FROM BOILERS, STOVES, FURNACES, & KILLNS TO THE CHIMNEY, AND THEREBY EXTRACTING A PORTION OF ITS HEAT, WHICH IS MADE AVAILABLE FOR DRYING AND WARMING PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Hazard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th October
1856.
I, ROBERT HAZARD, of No. 1, Thanett Place, Strand, in the County of
Middlesex, Warming and Ventilating Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR INTERCEPTING THE
SMOKE AND HEATED GASES IN ITS PASSAGE FROM BOILERS, STOVES, FURNACES, &
KILLNS TO THE CHIMNEY, AND THEREBY EXTRACTING A PORTION OF ITS HEAT, WHICH
IS MADE AVAILABLE FOR DRYING AND WARMING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an apparatus so formed that the smoke and
heated gases are distributed through pipes or small apertures, so as to produce
the largest radiating surface with the smallest internal area. For this purpose
the apparatus consists of a number of tubes, either of iron or any other
suitable material; the number and size depend on the square of the furnace
bars and the space to be warmed. These plates are secured at each end to
iron plates, having sockets corresponding to the number of pipes, with suitable
c'eansing doors placed conveniently for cleaning the interior of the pipes.
This apparatus, so formed, is so placed that all the smoke of the fire-place is
compelled to travel through it, almost wholly giving its heat as it passes before
it reaches the chimney for escape. The apparatus being built in a fire-proof

page_text: chamber, with a cold air drain entering the bottom of the chamber and a
proper exit flue, the moment the pipes become warm the air from the cold air
drain rising among them and absorbing the heat in its passage, is finally
distributed in the space intended to be warmed.