IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THE PURPOSE OF SHAPING AND FINISHING CERTAIN PARTS OF BAYONETS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Lawrence, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THE PURPOSE OF SHAPING AND
FINISHING CERTAIN PARTS OF BAYONETS."
Sealed the 2nd March 1855, and dated the 22nd September 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Lawrence at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd September 1854.
I, THOMAS LAWRENCE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THE PURPOSE OF SHAPING
AND FINISHING CERTAIN PARTS OF BAYONETS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention consists of improvements in machinery or apparatus to be
employed in shaping and finishing the sockets, necks, shoulders, and rings of
bayonets, in place of shaping and filing them by hand. The machine consists
of proper bearers and headstock, with a hollow shaft mounted in the head-
stock; a second shaft is carried by and placed eccentrically in the first shaft,
and has on one end a collar formed to receive the elliptically-shaped ring on
the end of the bayonet socket, and thus holding the bayonet whilst the socket is
being finished. By a suitable arrangement of a driving pulley and a worm wheel,
secured to the end of the second shaft, the machine is put in motion; and by a
small lever handle, the spindle or second shaft, on which the bayonet is placed,
is brought with the socket in contact with a circular cutting tool, mounted on

page_text: another shaft parallel to the former one; thus the bayonet is caused to
approach or recede from the cutting tool, and by this means the irregularities
in the form of the socket are provided for. To shape or finish the eccentric
ring on the end of the socket, a guide of the requisite form is fixed on the
spindle of the cutting tool, causing the tool to shape the ring in accordance with
that guide. To shape and finish the necks of bayonets, a parallel slide motion
is mounted on a third shaft underneath the others, and a guide of the requisito
form is fixed on the spindle of the cutting tool, by which guide the form to be
given to the neck is regulated. By the same means the proper form is given
to the shoulder of the blade.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by tho said Thomas Lawrence in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd March 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
LAWRENCE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Thomas Lawrence, Her special license that I, the said Thomas Lawrence,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas
Lawrence, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agreo
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exerciso,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THE PURPOSE OF SHAPING AND
FINISHING CERTAIN PARTS OF BAYONETS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Thomas Lawrence, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the saine to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Lawrence, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: empty for Shaping any anis of Dayones.
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to tho
letters and figuras marked thereon (that is to say) :-
My Invention consists of improvements in apparatus or machinery to be
employed for the purpose of turning, cutting, or grinding the sockets, rings,
necks, collars, and shoulders of bayonets, instead of shaping and filing those
parts by hand labour, in manner now practised in the trade.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Sheet A is a plan of a machine intended to be employed for the purpose of
shaping and finishing the parts of the bayonet termed the sockets and rings;
Sheet B, side clevation of same.
Sheet C, Figure 3, elevation of one end of this machine; Sheet C, Figure 4,
elevation of the opposite end.
Sheet C, Figure 5, section of the cutters, of which Sheet C, Figures 6, 7,
and 8, are the elevations.
Sheet D, plan of a machine, a modification of the above, and to be used for
the same purpose; Sheet E, side elevation of the same; Sheet F, transverse
section of the same.
Sheet G, a plan of the machine to be used in shaping and finishing the
parts of the bayonet termed the neck, collar, and shoulder; Sheet H, side
elevation of the same; Sheet I, end elevation of the same.
I will now proceed to describe the construction and manner of working the
machine, illustrated by the Drawings on Sheets A, B, and C.
(A, A,) are two carriers, bolted on to the frame B, and carrying the shaft
C; and mounted eccentrically within this shaft is a second shaft (D), having
on one end at (E) a collar, formed to fit the elliptically-shaped ring or collar on
the end of a bayonet socket. (m) is a spindle, also mounted in the carriers
(A, A,) and carrying the circular cutter (n). (K) is the driving pulley, and
(L, L,) toothed wheels, the lower one being mounted on the shaft (R), and
giving the rotatory motion through the spindle (m) to the cutter (n). (H) is
another spindle, mounted in the bearings (J), and having ou it a worm (G),
gearing into a small toothed wheel (F) hung at one end of the shaft, on which
the bayonet is fixed; by turning the crank handle (1) a rotatory motion is
also given to the bayonet, which is of course required to travel much more
slowly than the cutter. (P) is a small lever handle working in the quadrant
guide (O), and is for the purpose of regulating the contact of the bayonet
with the cutter, and thus determining the exact amount of metal to be cut
away; the lever handle (o') is for the purpose of working the spindle (D),

page_text: on which the bayonet is mounted, and thus throwing the bayonet into and
out of gear.
Figure 8, Sheet C, shews the form of cutter to be employed for the plain
part of the socket; and Figures 6 and 7 shew in two parts the cutters to be
used for that part of the socket on which it will be necessary to provide for
chafing the ring, for which purpose it has a groove formed to fit and grind the
ring, and is the form of cutter shewn in Sheet B; but for the greater con-
venience of inanufacture is made in two parts, and afterwards put together.
The machine shewn in Drawings, Sheets D, E, and F, is a modification of
that already described, and consists of a frame (A, A,) on which the holsters
(B, B,) are secured; these carry the driving shaft (C), driven by the pulley (D),
(E) being a loose pulley by which to throw the machine out of gear. (F) is a
pinion keyed on the shaft (C), and working into a spur wheel (G), which is
keyed upon the cutter spindle (H); this spindle is also carried in the holsters
(B, B). (I) is a worm, fixed on the spindle (II), and gearing into a worm
wheel (y), (shewn by the dotted lines,) hung upon the shaft (J), directly under
and at right angles to the cutter spindle (H); upon this shaft there is a second
worm (K), working also into a worm wheel (L), which revolves upon the stud
(m), screwed to the headstock (22), and driving the spur wheel (O), which
is fast to the worm wheel (L); this spur wheel (0) works into another pinion
(P) upon a spindle (Q), passing through the headstock (n), and upon the end
of the spindle a mandril (R) is fixed to receive the bayonet socket, which is
fastened upon it by a nut and washer. (F) is the circular cutting tool, secured
on the end of the spindle (H), and by which the bayonet socket is reduced.
The headstock (n) has a horizontal slide movement between the guides (w), on
the principle of a simple slide rest in an ordinary lathe; (X) being a set pin
for adjusting the headstock (n), the slide motion being given by the screw
pin (m) on turning the crank handle (v).
I now proceed to describe the construction and operation of the machine
shewn in the Drawings, Sheets G, H, and I, which is that intended to be
employed for the purpose of shaping the necks, collars, and shoulders of
bayonets.
(A) is a bed plate screwed to the standards B; and C being the headstock,
secured to the bed plate, and carrying a hollow shaft (D), driven by a pulley
(E); (F) being the steps or bearings in which the shaft revolves. (G) is a
chuck upon the end of the hollow shaft, having three set screws to hold the
bayonet firmly in the shaft, the blade of the bayonet being inserted through
this chuck into the shaft. The operation of shaping the neck and shoulder
takes place before the bending of the neck; consequently the socket piece is

page_text: seen in the Drawings as being at right angles with the blade. (I) is a
pattern guide, of a peculiar form, and made to describe in travelling the form
to be given to the bayonet neck, in manner similar to a last-cutting machine,
and in revolving is kept in contact with a friction roller (J), carried by and
secured to the headstock (C). The contact of this pattern guide with the roller
gives a slight lateral motion to the shaft (D), space being left in the head-
stock to provide for that motion. (K, K,) are side links connecting the shaft
(D) to a second shaft (L, L) under the bed plate (A), and carried by the
standards (B). These links and shaft give a parallel motion to the shaft (D).
A lever arm (n) on the shaft (L), with a spring of elastic material attached to
its lower end, lessens the friction on the roller (J). (O) is a screw pin secured
to the link or strap (K); (P) being a wheel running on this screw pin. (Q, Q,)
are a pair of clams connecting the screw pin to the shaft (D); therefore the
wheel (P), on its being turned on the screw pin, moves the shaft (D) longi-
tudinally in its bearings, and thus presents a fresh portion of the bayonet neck
to the operation of a common turning tool (R), mounted in a suitable stock
and slide rest, similar to that on an ordinary lathe. This machine, by altering
the form of the pattern guide, is also made to grind or cut the elliptic collar
on the end of the bayonet socket.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is practically to be carried into effect, I wish it to be clearly
understood that I do not confine myself to the precise details herein specified
so long as the principle and main features of my Invention be retained, as I
am aware that some variation may be made in the detail or gearing of the
machines; but that which I claim, and desire to have secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is, the arrangement and com-
bination of the various mechanical parts described and shewn in Drawings,
constituting machinery or apparatus to be employed for the purpose of shaping
and finishing the sockets, rings, collars, necks, and shoulders of bayonets, or
any mere modification thereof, as herein-before more fully set forth and
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Lawrence, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
THOMAS (L.B.) LAWRENCE.