matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING PLATED WARES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Green at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th April
1864.
I, GEORGE GREEN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Embosser,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING PLATED WARES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvement or improvements herein-after
described in ornamenting the articles commonly known in commerce as
plated wares, that is, plated trays, tea and coffee services, and other articles of
like manufacture.
In ornamenting plated wares according to my Invention I proceed as
follows: I take a series of ornamental punches having such designs on them
as by their repetition will produce a diaper pattern or border, or such other
design as may be produced by a repetition of a few separate small ornaments.
Having designed the pattern which is to be produced on the article to be
ornamented, I indicate by engraved lines or otherwise the general position
on the article of the ornament to be produced, the said indication serving as a
guide in applying the punches. I place the article on a hard surface, as a
surface of iron or steel, and applying one of the punches I strike the said
punch with a hammer with great force. The ornament on the punch is
thereby impressed upon the article. This process is repeated as often as
necessary with each of the punches until the required pattern has been
impressed upon the article. The impressions thus produced have in con-

page_text: sequence of the hardness of the surface on which the article is supported great
sharpness, and the ornaments produced closely resemble ornaments produced
by engraving. The sharpness of the ornamentation is such that the articles
may be burnished after they have been ornamented, and where necessary the
ornamenting may be effected on blanks which can afterwards be fashioned
into the required articles without injury to the ornament. The blanks from
which the articles are made or the articles themselves are best ornamented
before they are plated.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PADDLE WHEELS FOR PROPELLING STEAM OR OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Markland, Thomas
Williams, and John Brinsley Sheridan at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 23rd January 1864.
We, THOMAS MARKLAND, of Hyde, in the County of Chester, Reed
Maker, and THOMAS WILLIAMS, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Cotton Spinner, and JOHN BRINSLEY SHERIDAN, Auctioneer, of
the same Place, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PADDLE WHEELS FOR PROPELLING STEAM OR OTHER
VESSELS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention has reference to a novel arrangement of mechanism for the
purpose of regulating the arms or leaves of paddle wheels for propelling steam
or any other floating vessels, whereby the amount of driving power is much
reduced and a greater amount of speed obtained, and consists of an eccentric
scroll tappet and feather-edged paddle motion. This scroll tappet is for the
purpose of giving a lateral rotary or reciprocating intermittent motion to the
arms or leaves of the paddles forming the wheel. The number of paddles
required will depend on the size of the boat or ship to which this Invention is
attached. This scroll tappet is placed near the axis of the paddle wheel, and is
made of cast or wrought iron or any other suitable material. Upon the
periphery of this scroll rests the feet of the paddles, which are provided with
semicircular sectional claws for the purpose of taking hold of and being kept
in their position by the periphery of the scroll tappet till permitted to move
or turn as may be required by the motion of the wheels. This scroll tappet

page_text: motion and the feather-edged paddles, when arranged, are placed in a suitable
framework on each side of the vessel, and motion is given to them by means
of the engines in the usual way. When this arrangement of paddle wheels
is fixed and caused to rotate in the water each paddle, is caused to turn
laterally one half of a revolution of itself during the time the paddle wheel
makes one revolution. As the wheels rotate each paddle is caused to present
its broad or face side to the water as it enters, and having expended its pro-
pelling power or strength it is again caused to turn and present its feathered
edge to the water, which it cuts through in place of lifting, as is the case in the
common paddle wheels, causing great back pressure on the engines. The
engines being thus released from all back pressure, both by the water, wind,
and atmosphere, they will be enabled to spend all their strength on propelling
the vessel, hence a great saving of time and fuel is effected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RIFLES AND OTHER SMALL ARMS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left, by Henry Columbus Hurry and
Edward Wilson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 30th September 1864.
We, HENRY COLUMBUS HURRY, of Hereford, in the County of Hereford,
Civil Engineer, and EDWARD WILSON, of Worcester, in the County of Wor-
cester, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RIFLES AND OTHER SMALL ARMS," to be as follows:-
Our first improvement is in breech-loading rifles and other small arms, and
consists in having a breech piece worked in a curved or straight slot or
chamber in the breech, anterior to the bore. This piece may be flat,, fitting
tight on the surface of the slot, or it may have a conical projection fitting into
the bore of the breech, or be bored to hold the charge. Behind this piece a
wedge is introduced, worked by a lever conveniently situated and fixed upon
the stock, so that the breech piece, when in its place, is finally held there by
the wedge; the wedge is so connected with the breech piece that when the
wedge has been withdrawn from the back of the breech piece the breech piece
is pulled after the wedge, and by means of guide pins and slots is withdrawn
from the bore and made to overlap the wedge, so that when the motion is
reversed, the wedge drives before it the breech piece until the guide pins and
slots cause the breech piece to slide from the wedge and allow it to be driven
in behind.
Our second improvement is in sighting military or other rifles, and consists
in having for the back sight a vertical slot or frame similar to that of the

page_text: ordinary Enfield sights, but without the cross bar slide; in lieu of this we
have a central vertical wire or other fine division of the slot or frame. The
fore sight is made similar to those at present in use, with either a bead or
knife-edged sight; the base, however, on which the bead or knife edge is
fixed must be broader than those generally in use, so that it will form a
bottom to the slot of the back sight in the line of vision. There is also placed
upon the stock of the gun a guide for the marksman to know what distance
from the back sight to place his eye. The slot in the back sight is made of
such length, that the base of the fore sight shall shorten. the aperture through
which the object is seen in such proportion that at all elevations the space
seen between the top of the slot and the bottom formed by the fore sight shall
coincide with the ordinary height of à man- at the distance for which such
elevation is necessary. .
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS, VESSELS, TUBES, AND COCKS, "SPECIALLY USEFUL FOR PREVENTING THE TRANSMISSION OF FLAME OR EXPLOSIVE ACTION WHEN USING PETROLEUM," CAMPHINE, OR OTHER INFLAMMABLE OR EXPLOSIVE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Haswell Burke at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
May 1864.
I, JAMES HASWELL BURKE, of the City of London, Photographer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS, VESSELS,
TUBES, AND COCKS, "SPECIALLY USEFUL FOR PREVENTING THE TRANSMISSION OF FLAME
OR EXPLOSIVE ACTION WHEN USING PETROLEUM," CAMPHINE, OR OTHER INFLAMMABLE
OR EXPLOSIVE SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the use of sheets or strips of metal, one rolled or
twisted up within the other, one of such sheets or strips being corrgated or
crimped (each hollow being of small depth only), as thus.
the other sheet being plain, so that when placed together they will appear in
edge view, as thus
_, and the same when rolled up tightly
will form a number of very small tubes, which may, by regulating the depths
of the corrugations or crimpings, be so fine that any inflammable substance
into which they may be inserted or communicate with (at one end only) shall
be so finely divided that if the flame of a candle or other flame be applied
thereto there shall be no danger accuring from the explosion of a body of
the inflammable substance. If found desirable this arrangement might be
used instead of a wick. In some cases it would be applied at the filling
tube
or opening of the lamp or vessel, and in other cases in the passage-way of a
cock, or in the mouth or other part of a tube.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF OAKUM, WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO TEASING' WOOL, HAIR, OR SIMILAR FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Cullen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th November
1864:
I, DAVID CULLEN, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF OAKUM, WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO TEASING' WOOL, HAIR,
OR SIMILAR FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to the treatment of cordage or ropes for the purpose
of manufacturing oakum therefrom by opening them and separating the fibres,
the apparatus employed is also applicable to the opening or "teasing" of wool,
hair, or other similar fibrous materials in the raw state, or which may have
been previously manufactured.
My Invention consists in an arrangement of apparatus designed for the
above purpose, which is constructed thus:-Two heated rollers are placed
close together one above the other, in front of which is a small iron apron
to maintain the rope or cordage in its place; opposite these rollers is placed a
slotted revolving disc, half the diameter of which is only presented to the
rollers at a time; this disc rotates on a centre, and beyond and opposed to this
disc is another revolving disc working on a diagonal shaft; half the face of
the disc being at an angle of about twenty degrees from the other half taken at
the centre, the angle may be regulated according to requirements; the face of
this disc is furnished with rows of teeth, which as it revolves fit into the
slotted disc on the side opposite, the rollers projecting partly through the

page_text: slots and "teasing" or tearing the cordage, and as it rotates the teeth with-
draw from the slots, and thus clean themselves from the oakum or other
material; the two discs are connected by pins placed near the centre, or as
may be convenient. The cordage, rope, or wool passes through the heated
rollers, coming in contact with the teeth, which thoroughly teases, tears, and
opens it, the slotted disc clearing the toothed one, and throwing the oakum or
opened material down on the contrary side to the rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING. TUBES IN THE TUBE SHEETS OF STEAM BOILERS, CONDENSERS, AND OTHER SIMILAR APPARATUS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th February 1864.-A communication from abroad by James Howell
and David Birdsall, both of Jersey City, Hudson County, New Jersey
State, United States of America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING. TUBES IN THE
TUBE SHEETS OF STEAM BOILERS, CONDENSERS, AND OTHER SIMILAR APPARATUS," to
be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is so to apply the tubes in the two corre-
sponding tube sheets of a boiler, condenser, or other apparatus as to provide
for their easy removal when necessary to repair or renew them. The tubes
are screwed into tapped taper holes in the two tube sheets, the holes in one
tube sheet being larger than those of the other, and the corresponding ends of
the tubes are enlarged to fill the larger holes by means of taper thimbles
which screw on to the tubes and into the latter holes, and it is in such
enlargement of the tubes by the application of internally and externally
tapped thimbles that the first part of the Invention consists.
The second part of the Invention relates to the tapping of the female screw
threads in the holes of the tube sheets. Its object is to provide for the tapping
simultaneously of two opposite holes in two corresponding tube sheets in such
a manner that the threads in the said tubes shall be true to a common axis.

page_text: To this end a tap with two heads is provided, one or both of which are made
adjustable lengthwise of the shaft of the tap to bring them at the requisite
distance apart. The shaft of the tap is provided at its extremities with
squared or flattened faces for the reception of two wrenches, which are applied
one at or near each head outside of the two tube sheets, in order that in
the tapping of the two holes simultaneously the shaft may not be subject to
torsion.
Ix- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING BRICK'S, TILES, PIPES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by Peter Effertz at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd March
1864.
I, PETER EFFERTZ, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Ix-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING BRICK'S, TILES, PIPES,
AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
The roller table for holding or conveying the material to be cut, and the
frame containing the cutting wires are made in any desired manner, but I
employ the following improved arrangement for giving motion to the cutting
frame and wires, and stopping the machine at the required intervals of time,
according to the length the articles are to be cut. On a shaft working in
suitable bearings there is at one end a loose pulley or toothed wheel to which is
cast or fixed a part of a clutch box, the other part of which is fixed to
the shaft, so that when in gear the shaft shall be in motion and turn by
means of toothed gearing a second shaft, which carries at one end a plate
or disc having in it an eccentric groove, and at the other end of the shaft there
is a knob or projection. On another shaft there is a double lever having a
short and long arm; the end of the short arm carries a bowl fitting the eccen-
tric groove, and the end of the long arm is jointed to the cutting frame, to
which are jointed three other arms, or any number as wanted, similar to the
long arms, for the purpose of supporting the cutting frame. When a revolving
motion is given to the eccentric groove the long arm of the double lever moves

page_text: to and fro, and gives a corresponding motion to the cutting table and wires
corresponding with the length the articles are to be cut. The before-mentioned
knobs or projections come as the shaft revolves in contact with a stud jointed
to a sliding bar, which carries a fork gearing into the sliding clutch box of the
first-named shaft, and brings the clutch box out of gear, the loose or toothed
wheel pulley with the clutch box fixed to it then revolves loose round the shaft
and thus the motion of the machinery is stopped, the said loose pulley or
toothed wheel being driven from the driving shaft of the machine.
side of the roller table there is a lever connected by a stud to the sliding bar
so that an operative by working the lever can bring forward the bar and clutch
box and again give motion to the cutting frame; or, instead of working the
lever by hand, a knob or projection on a measuring wheel or other self-acting
contrivance may act on the lever and put the cutting frame in motion. In
the machines for making the bricks, tiles, or other articles I employ two
rollers working in connection with each other, and having grooves or spaces of
any required form for shaping the articles. The aforesaid rollers are hollow,
and through them I cause steam to circulate so as to keep them at a high
temperature and thereby to a great extent assist in the drying of the articles
and giving them a polish.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CLEANING COTTON OR OTHER SEEDS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Mason at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th August
1864.
I, WILLIAM MASON, of Leeds, in the County of York, Corn Factor, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CLEANING COTTON OR OTHER SEEDS," to be as
follows:
My Invention has special reference to the separation of cotton seed from the
cotton fibre attached to it, and the cleaning of the seed from dust or other
impurities mingled with it. I effect this by passing the seed, together with
the fibre and such impurities as the latter may contain, through a series of
riddle screens and cylinders (the latter being rotary or fixed, and furnished
with revolving beater frames) alternately. Placing a hopper over the top
of the series I charge the same with the seed fibre and refuse. This charge
falling on the first riddle screen of the series (such screen being similar in
construction to those in common use in corn mills) the seeds pass between the
wires on to a tray underneath the screen and within the same framework.
The combined screen and tray being placed in an inclined position, and the
lower side of the tray being open, the seeds fall to such side and into a
hopper, which conducts them to a cylinder placed horizontally underneath.
This cylinder having its ends closed, with the exception of holes for admission.
and emission of materials under operation, may be parallel or conical, the
internal surface being grooved. The axis running through the cylinder is pro-.

page_text: vided with a framework of beaters arranged parallel with or at an angle to the
axis dependent upon the cylinder being parallel or conical; or such beaters
may be arranged spirally, or with their ends bent simply but parallel to the
axis. The fibre in connection with the seeds, when placed in the hopper, is
more or less detached from the seed whilst passing through the screen and
the cylinder, and this operation being repeated through the series of screens
and cylinders, the seed is finally discharged comparatively free from fibre and
impurities, the fibre falling to the lower edges of the inclined screen, and
thence into a vertical hopper or tube. The dust or other impurity falls on to
the tray under each screen, and through perforations in the same on to a
separate hopper provided for the purpose of carrying it away.
If it be desired to use a vertical cylinder (grooved as before), I use a screw
on the axis within the same to traverse the material under operation,
admitting more or less air through a valve in the closed top of the cylinder to
expedite or retard the delivery of the same. By the process above described
the cotton or other seed is in great measure, if not entirely divested of the
fibres and impurities in connection with it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND COMPOSITION OF A SUBSTANCE FOR SOLDERING SILVER OR OTHER METALS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Laurent Stanislas Naudin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th February 1864.
I, LAURENT STANISLAS NAUDIN, of 27, Rue de la Savonnerie, Rouen, in the
Empire of France, Scale Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND COMPOSITION OF A
SUBSTANCE FOR SOLDERING SILVER OR OTHER METALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in an improvement in the preparation and com-
position of a substance or substances for soldering or uniting together various
pieces or portions of silver or other metals. For the purpose of soldering or
uniting together silver or other metals, I prefer in most cases to employ the
following metallic substances in, varied proportions, that is to say,-I take of
brass 600 parts, of tin 100 parts, of bismuth 280 parts, and of German silver
20 parts, I then fuse or smelt these said metals in succession in one or more
crucibles suitable for the purpose, commencing first with the least fusible of
them, and as soon as the whole of the metals are properly smelted or reduced,
I mix or incorporate them well together, and then pour or cast the said
mixture of metals either into an ingot mould or into a vessel filled with water
so as to produce the improved solder either in ingots or in a granulated form.
I do not intend to confine myself to the exact proportion of parts of the metals
previously referred to, nor to the employment of all the metallic substances
mentioned, or to the precise manner of producing the improved solder, as the
components may be varied,.or other suitable metallic substances added thereto,

page_text: either for the purpose of changing or altering the colour of the material to be
produced, or rendering it applicable for uniting or connecting together silver
or other metals, or to give greater or less tenacity according to the particular
purpose for which it may have to be applied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FRAMES FOR SUPPORTING THREADS, WIRES, AND RODS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Harrison Barwell at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th June 1864.
I, WILLIAM HARRISON BARWELL, of Hardingstone, in the County of
Northampton, Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FRAMES FOR SUPPORTING THREADS, WIRES, AND RODS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in casting on the outside of metal frames hooks for
carrying thread or wire, or hooks for carrying thread or wire, and supports for
carrying rods or laths. The object of my frames is to form with threads or
wires carried across them and from frame to frame protection to seeds and
plants; or when bars are carried from the supports on one frame to those on
another, then I form a support for carrying matting or other like protecting
material.
My frames may be inserted in the ground, or they may be supported upon
brackets inserted in a wall, or they may be suspended.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING VESSELS AND FORTIFICATIONS FROM THE EFFECTS OF PROJECTILES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Whitehead Walton, John
Whitehead Walton, junior, and Henry Coode Walton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 22nd January
1864. A communication from abroad by Henry Walton, of San
Francisco, State of California, United States of America.
We, JOHN WHITEHEAD WALTON, of Ponders End, Gentleman, JOHN
WHITEHEAD WALTON, junior, Artist, and HENRY COODE WALTON, Engineer,
both of Wickham House, Notting Hill, all in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PROTECTING VESSELS AND FORTIFICATIONS FROM THE EFFECTS OF PROJECTILES," to
be as follows:-
This Invention consists in coating and protecting vessels and forts with a
series of layers of perforated skins, the perforations of the one layer being
disposed so that they do not coincide with those of the next, the perforations
so formed have therefore no communication one with another. We make the
surface to receive the protecting coating of suitable material, and cover it with
a solid layer, and upon that a thickness of iron armour plate, which is firmly
bolted on and holds the inner layers securely in position; this thickness of
armour plate may be of much less thickness than usual as with the support of
the backing described a much more resisting medium will be produced. The
cavities before mentioned in the different layers we fill with compressed air, which
may be forced in by an air pump, or it may be the result of the compression
of the skins or layers, the air being confined in the cells is compressed at same
time. Instead of skins, as before mentioned, we sometimes use layers of gutta

page_text: percha, india-rubber, or other material, but in either case the different layers
or skins have the perforations before mentioned studded as thickly as may be
without their coinciding with those of the superposed or adjoining layers or
thicknesses.
A NEW ARTICLE OF FARINACEOUS FOOD
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bezer Richmond Keith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
October 1864.-A communication from abroad by John Candler, of
Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
I, BEZER RICHMOND KEITH, of No. 1, Ingram Court, Fenchurch Street, in
the City of London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW ARTICLE OF FARINACEOUS FOOD," a communication, to be
as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in making a new article of food or
breadstuff by combining the flour of maize or "Indian corn" with the flour of
wheat. The article obtained by combining the two substances is not only
more wholesome and nutritious than either of the ingredients, but cooked
food prepared from this article is far more delicious. This article is well
adapted for manufacture into bread, and most other preparations for which
either of the ingredients are now used.
IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS BY WHICH THE PROPRIETORS OF OMNIBUSES AND OTHER VEHICLES CAN ASCERTAIN THE AMOUNT OF MONIES RECEIVED BY THE CON- DUCTORS OR OTHER PERSONS IN CHARGE OF SUCH VEHICLES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Newbould at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
November 1864.
I, WILLIAM NEWBOULD, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Com-
mercial Traveller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS BY WHICH THE PROPRIETORS OF OMNIBUSES AND
OTHER VEHICLES CAN ASCERTAIN THE AMOUNT OF MONIES RECEIVED BY THE CON-
DUCTORS OR OTHER PERSONS IN CHARGE OF SUCH VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
The person in charge of a vehicle plying for hire has delivered to him by
the proprietor of the said vehicle a number of tickets, cards, tokens, or medals
with any suitable printing or device thereon. Each of these, called checks,
represents a certain value, and has to be accounted for. When a passenger is
in or on the vehicle, say, when he enters, pays his fare, or leaves, he has
delivered to him by or he receives from the conductor, guard, or driver in
charge one of the above-mentioned checks, this he places in the apparatus,.
herein-after described, provided to receive the same.
At the entrance door, on the top, or at such part or parts of a vehicle as
may be convenient to a person's hand, there is or are one or more slits or
openings to receive the checks. The said slits or openings are formed in or
on flat pipes or passages which lead to a closed box or several boxes of metal.
or other strong material, each with one or more compartments therein, say,.
two; to receive inside and outside passengers' checks, the key or keys of the

page_text: box or boxes being in the possession of the proprietor. At night lamps could
be placed close to the slits or openings.
Checks and apparatus of the kind above described would be of great
service in preventing fraudulent appropriation of money by the conductors of
omnibuses, for passengers would be careful to see that checks were received
by every one, and in preventing disputes, for a passenger could state his
grievance in writing and pass it through the slit or opening into the box.
The knowledge that the latter could be done would deter cab and coach
drivers from attempting to make an overcharge.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN TEXTILE FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Cameron and Thomas
Bowman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 20th December 1864.
We, PETER CAMERON, of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain,
and THOMAS BOWMAN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN TEXTILE FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED
FOR PRODUCING THE SAME," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in textile fabrics, and it
essentially consists in forming numerous ornamental veins, which it is preferred
to name as the "princess veining," in the direction of the length of the cloth,
or as termed by weavers "up the loom," or they may be formed in the
transverse direction. The nature or formation of the veins on the cloth is in
imitation of those patterns ordinarily produced by the use of needles by hand.
These veins are effected in a more perfect manner than has hitherto been
done by machinery.
The machinery by which these improvements are effected consist in adding
to the ordinary loom an additional number of treadles attached to an additional
leaf of heddles for actuating those portions of the warp in which the above-
named veining is produced. The warp is actuated in such manner that on
either side of the central threads of the vein one or more warp threads are

page_text: lifted or depressed so as to be clear of the shuttle when it passes across, and
the central threads are intertwined with the transverse threads so as to form
the pattern.
It is obvious that the particular class of veining herein-before referred to
may be produced in other ways besides the one berein specified.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO FURNACES FOR CONDENSING AND COLLECTING PRODUCTS VOLATILIZED IN THE SAID FURNACES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thomas Watts at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
December 1864.
I, WILLIAM THOMAS WATTS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Metal Dealer and Refiner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO FURNACES FOR CONDENSING
AND COLLECTING PRODUCTS VOLATILIZED IN THE SAID FURNACES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing or arranging apparatus to be applied
to furnaces in the manner herein-after described, whereby any products
volatilized in the furnace may be condensed and collected.
I will describe my Invention as applied to a furnace for melting or mixing
copper and zinc. In situations where there is sufficient room for the purpose,
I dispense with the ordinary stack or chimney, and substitute therefor a closed
flue or culvert connected with a chamber containing a revolving fan, by means
of which fan the requisite draught is produced through the furnace. The
waste gases from the furnace are directed by the fan blast into a condenser,
where the oxide of zinc carried from the furnace by the waste gases is con-
densed and collected. The said condenser consists of a chamber filled with
fragments of coke, or other solid, unacted upon by water, the said fragments
being kept wet by a stream of water. The waste gases are passed downwards
through the condenser, and the stream of water condenses and carries down
the oxide of zinc. The mixture of water and metallic oxide is received in a
reservoir at the bottom of the condenser, and the water is separated from the

page_text: metallic oxide either by filtration or decantation. Where one fan is insuf-
ficient to produce the blast necessary for the proper working of the furnace, it
may be supplemented by another fan made to direct a blast from the ash-pit
into the fire between the bars of the furnace. Where there is not sufficient
room for the flue or culvert described, or where it is wished to apply my
Invention to furnaces already constructed, a downward flue may be connected
with the top of the ordinary stack, and the fan blast made to conduct the
waste gases from the stack through the said downward flue to the condenser.
My Invention is applicable to all furnaces in which metallic or other fumes
are evolved and are required to be condensed or collected.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE TREATING ANIMAL CHARCOAL
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Beanes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th May
1864.
I, EDWARD BEANES, of 24, Argyll Street, London, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE TREATING ANIMAL CHARCOAL," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in treating animal charcoal which has lost
its decolorising and absorbtive properties with certain chemical compounds
which have the power of removing or rendering soluble the lime and other
metallic, earthy, and alkaline substances with which it is contaminated. I
use for this purpose chloride of ammonium, commonly called sal-ammoniac,
either in the liquid or solid state. I also use nitrate of ammonia, nitrous
acid, hyponitric acid, and carbonic acid. The effect of these substances is to
render the lime and other earthy, metallic, and alkaline impurities soluble,
and which are afterwards removed by washing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY COWLS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Steele, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st March
1864. A communication from abroad by William Henry Horton, of
Jersey City, New Jersey, United States of America.
I, HENRY STEELE, of Jersey City, New Jersey, United States of America,
now of No. 12, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY COWLS," a communication, to be as follows:-
The nature of this Invention consists in so constructing and arranging the
parts of a chimney cowl that the smoke has free and unobstructed egress, while
the wind blowing in any direction is prevented passing down the chimney or
injuriously affecting the draft. The bottom section of said cowl is a truncated
pyramid, formed of plates of metal or other suitable material, which rests on
the top of the chimney, and is secured thereto in any suitable and convenient
manner. This part of the cowl is sufficiently large to cover the openings in
the chimney or chimneys for which it is designed, a smaller truncated pyramid,
whose base, however, is larger than the top of the bottom one, is placed above
the latter. The lower edges of the one overlap the upper edges of the other;
but the sides of the two are separated by blocks or projections, leaving a space
for the smoke to escape. The two truncated pyramids are secured together in
any convenient manner. Wind passing into this aperture is prevented passing
down the chimney or impeding the egress of the smoke by a pyramid whose
exterior sides are in a line with the exterior sides of the lower truncated

page_text: pyramid, but are raised so much above the latter as to leave a sufficient space
for the passage of the smoke; said pyramid may have a flat base, or be provided
with a corresponding lower part, whose apex extends below the upper edges
of the lower truncated pyramid and divides the volume of smoke. The apex
of the upper part extends to the top of the upper truncated pyramid, leaving a
space between the sides of the two for the egress of the smoke. This double
pyramid is secured to either of the others, as found most convenient by any
suitable device.
By the aforesaid construction and arrangement of the parts of the cowl the
wind or current of air that enters the aperture between the sides of the trun-
cated pyramids passes through the space between the sides of the upper part
of the double pyramid and the upper truncated pyramid, together with the
smoke, and when the wind enters the top it passes through the same space and
aperture in the opposite directic, together with the smoke, all eddying of
the current of air being obviated, by which alone it could enter the chimney,
thereby perfectly accomplishing the object of the Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FELTED CLOTH
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Barcroft at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd July
1864.
I, JAMES BARCROFT, of Newchurch, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FELTED CLOTH," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in placing on each side of the sheet of fibre that
comes off the doffer of the carding engine, and which is to be made into felted
cloth, one or more guides of wood or metal or other hard and suitable
material; these guides are so made that they are widest apart where the
sheet of fibre enters them, and gradually decrease in width to an extent
sufficient to press the edges of the said sheet of fibre until its thickness is
increased as desired at the edges, whereby the cloth when finished is stronger
at the edges than it would otherwise be if not so acted upon, and will bear
the strain of the hooks of the tenters much better. The apparatus for com-
pressing the sides of the said sheet of fibre may be placed on the bat frame, or
at any intermediate position between the doffer of the carding engine and the
bat frame.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING OR PREPARING GUTTA PERCHA, LEATHER, OR OTHER MATERIALE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES, AND FOR COVERINGS FOR FLOORS, AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Forgie at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd March
1864.
I, WILLIAM FORGIE, of Nottingham, in the County of Nottingham, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN TREATING OR PREPARING GUTTA PERCHA, LEATHER, OR OTHER MATERIALE FOR
THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES, AND FOR COVERINGS FOR FLOORS, AND
OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the preparation of sheets or surfaces of gutta
percha, leather, or other material suitable for the manufacture of soles for
boots and shoes, or for other purposes, such as coverings for floors or other
surfaces. For this purpose strips or pieces of cork are combined, as hereafter
described, with gutta percha, leather, or other material, so as to be suitable
for the manufacture of soles for boots and shoes, or for other purposes, the
cork being inserted into or through such materials for the purpose of pro-
ducing a better and more agreeable wearing surface to the soles of boots and
shoes made from the gutta percha, leather, or other materials prepared
according to my Invention. The soles of boots and shoes having cork
inserted therein, although preventing the admission of moisture, will possess
ventilating properties, which is not the case with shoe soles made of gutta
percha or other waterproof materials alone. The insertion of the cork also
prevents the slipping of the wearer. When gutta
When gutta percha, india-rubber, or
compounds of those materials are employed in carrying out my Invention,

page_text: they may be rendered soft by heat, or by suitable solvents, the strips or pieces
of cork being inserted therein or combined therewith by pressure in moulds,
or by other suitable mechanical means; or the pieces of cork may be inserted
partly into or through the surfaces of the gutta percha, leather, or other
materials by forming holes or recesses for the reception of the cork, which is
secured by pegs or otherwise, or cemented therein by any suitable cement;
or the cork may be combined with the gutta percha, leather, or other
materials in any other convenient manner for the manufacture of soles for
boots and shoes, or for other purposes, so as to produce surfaces thereto partly
composed of cork suitable for the purposes of my Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING FLOOR-CLOTHS, CARPETS, AND OTHER SIMILAR GOODS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Howlett- at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd May
1864.
I, WILLIAM HOWLETT, of 16, Cottage Grove, Mile End Road, in the County
of Middlesex, Commercial Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING FLOOR-CLOTHS, CARPETS, AND OTHER
SIMILAR GOODS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improvel modo of printing floor-cloths, felt,
carpets, and similar wide goods, whereby greater accuracy in the printing and
a considerable economy of time and labour is effected.
In carrying out this Invention, the painted canvas or other material to be
printed or ornamented is wound from off a roller over a printing table by
means of a second roller placed on the opposite side of the printing table, and
by the aid of winding straps having a grip on each side of the material to be
printed. Over this table, and above the surface to be printed, are fitted,
transverse supporting rails, which carry a travelling printing block frame or
holder moving above and across the width of the fabric to be printed. The
block frame or holder consists of a double frame, the one part fitting inside.
the other, and being connected therewith by india-rubber or other springs.
Into this inner frame or holder are inserted the printing blocks (in succession),
ready furnished with color, and each block is pressed down on to the
surface to be printed by an arrangement similar to the well-known screw or

page_text: fly press, or by an eccentric cam lever or other convenient means for applying
pressure, the lever or cam press travelling on a frame placed above the
printing table.
In order to insure accuracy of register I employ a spring catch attached to
any portion of the travelling block frame or holder, which slides along the
transverse rail or bar above referred to, such bar having a series of notches
or holes made therein at suitable intervals, according to the size of the printing
blocks; this spring catch on entering one or other of the holes or notches
serves to retain the block frame or holder in its exact position for the impres-
sion without requiring any minute attention on the part of the workman.
Or in lieu of the spring catch above described, moveable pins may be used
attached to the transverse bar and capable of adjustment, such pins registering
in the block frame or holder. A travelling table running on rails is also
employed, which carries the whole of the color pads and printing blocks
required for the production of the complete pattern. The color pads are
carried on endless travelling bands passing over rollers, and they are con-
nected to such bands by means of pivots or journals, which maintain them
in a horizontal position. This arrangement enables the operator to have
always at hand the particular pad and printing block he may require, thereby
effecting a considerable economy of time and labour.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STAMPING OR MARKING VAMPS, TOE-CAPS, AND OTHER PARTS OP BOOTS AND SHOES, WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO STAMPING OR MARKING OTHER ARTICLES OF LEATHER
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander John Fraser, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
November 1864.
I, ALEXANDER JOHN FRASER, of Water Lane, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STAMPING OR MARKING VAMPS, TOE-CAPS, AND OTHER PARTS
OP BOOTS AND SHOES, WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO STAMPING OR MARKING
OTHER ARTICLES OF LEATHER," to be as follows:-
In stamping or marking vamps and toe-caps of boots and shoes heretofore
it has been usual to do so by means of a tool embracing the whole or part of
the design which is represented in prick points; these are impressed on the
leather and leave a mark, either for the permanent design or to be afterwards
stitched in the sewing machine, or otherwise. Now, my improvements relate
to the method of producing the prick points. For this purpose I take a piece
of brass, steel, or other metal, and prepare it in form according to the form of
design desired on the face of this piece of metal. I raise the prick points in
manner similar to cutting the teeth of a rasp, and following in outline the
design to be stabbed or marked. When holes are to form part of the design,
I also add punches to the instrument or apparatus, whereby to cut out at
same time pieces of the leather.
According to another method of my Invention I produce the the teeth or prick
points in a thin piece of metal, by forcing or driving them up from the back
by means of a small and sharp centre punch or point, which may be driven to

page_text: a regulated depth and so raise all the points to a uniform level on the face. I
then solder this thin piece of metal to a backing of thicker metal and intro-
duce punches if desired in the design. Instead of driving up centre points I
sometimes use a sharp-pointed triangular punch, which being driven through
the thin metal from the back cuts two of the sides of the triangle, leaving the!
other intact, and causing the piece partially severed to stand up on the face
of the plate, a series of which being formed in the outline of the design
desired will form the necessary surface for marking the leather. This thin
plate is also backed with a thicker backing of metal, as before.
instruments or apparatus may be fitted to presses and impressed on the
leather thereby, or simply fitted into handles and impressed by the hand. This
apparatus I also employ for stamping or marking anklets, armlets, gloves, and
other articles of leather required to be marked in outline for the sewing to be
performed thereon for ornamentation or otherwise.
These