IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COMPOSITION OF HYDRAULIC CEMENTS, AND IN THE MODE OF APPLYING THE SAME
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Day, of Westwood Park, Forest Hill, in the
County of Kent, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
COMPOSITION OF HYDRAULIC CEMENTS, AND IN THE MODE OF APPLYING
THE SAME."
Sealed the 3rd October 1879, and dated the 28th July 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Day at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th July 1879.
WILLIAM DAY, of Westwood Park, Forest Hill, in the County of Kent, Gentleman.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COMPOSITION OF HYDRAULIC CEMENTS, AND IN THE
MODE OF APPLYING THE SAME."
"
My Invention has reference in the first place to improvements in the composition
of hydraulic cements. The hydraulic cements, as at present in use, usually consist
of one part of Portland, or Roman, or other hydraulic cement mixed with two or
three parts of coarse sand, and mixed together or incorporated with water. Now
my improvements consist in the composition of hydraulic cements by adding
to the cement granulated or powdered bitumen or pitch, either with or without
sand.
The proportion of bitumen or pitch to be used depends upon the purpose for
which it is required. For brickwork or building purposes the following would be
about the proportions:-One part of Portland cement, one part of bitumen or pitch,
and two parts of coarse sand for thick coatings thereof, mixed together with water
and applied with a trowel or otherwise in the usual way. For coating the inside
bilge plates of iron ships and similar purposes I prefer to use equal parts of
Portland cement, bitumen or pitch, and sand, and applied in the way hereinafter
stated.
When used as a substitute for paint for steel-plated ships or like purposes,
especially the upper plates and perpendicular parts thereof, I prefer to use a com-
position made of one part of Portland cement with one or two parts of bitumen or
pitch, and without any sand. This composition carefully mixed in the usual manner
forms a very thin enamel-like coating of a permanent nature, particularly applicable
to steel-plated ships.

page_text: My Invention consists, in the second place, of an improved mode or method of
applying the cement (composed of the ingredients above described) when required
for application to steel, iron, or wood vessels, caissons, tanks, bridges, and like
purposes.
Hydraulic cements as hitherto applied will not properly adhere to the metal. To
remedy this defect I apply one or more coatings of a bituminous pitch or tar varnish
to the metal, and over that when it is nearly set, but still sticky, I apply a layer
or thin coating of my hydraulic bitumen cement in the usual way. The bitumen
of the cement having a strong affinity for the bitumen of the varnish of the
preparatory coating causes the hydraulic bitumen cement to adhere firmly to the
metal as required.
The proportions used in mixing my hydraulic bitumen cement herein stated may
be slightly varied in order to suit the purpose or material to which they are
applied.
In some cases rosin and resinous varnish may be used instead of bitumen or
pitch and bituminous varnish, but generally I prefer to use bitumen or pitch and
bituminous varnish..
In cases wherein it is desirable to harden the outer surface of the cement this
effect may be produced by putting over it a coating of bitumen varnish or liquid
glass

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Day in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st January
1880.
WILLIAM DAY, of Westwood Park, Forest Hill, in the County of Kent, Gentleman.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COMPOSITION OF HYDRAULIC CEMENTS, AND IN THE
MODE OF APPLYING THE SAME."
My Invention of "Improvements in the Composition of Hydraulic Cements and
in the Mode of Applying the same "has reference in the first place to improvements
in the composition of hydraulic cements. The hydraulic cements as at present in
use usually consist of one part of Portland, or Roman, or other hydraulic cement
mixed with two or three parts of coarse sand, and mixed together or incorporated
with water. Now my improvement consists in the composition of hydraulic cements
by adding to the cement granulated or powdered bitumen or pitch, either with or
without sand, or pulverized chalk, or other like substances.
The proportion of bitumen or pitch to be used depends upon the purpose for which
it is required.
For brickwork or building purposes the following would be about the pro-
portions: One part of Portland cement, one part of bitumen or pitch, and two
parts of coarse sand, or chalk, or other like substances for thick coatings thereof,
mixed together with water and applied with a trowel or otherwise in the usual way.
The parts may however be varied as may be found desirable in practice.
For coating the inside bilge plates of iron ships and similar purposes I prefer to
use equal parts of Portland cement, bitumen or pitch, and sand, or chalk, or other
like substances, and applied in the manner hereinafter stated.
When used as a substitute for paint for steel-plated ships or like purposes,
especially the upper plates and perpendicular parts thereof, I prefer to use a com-
position made of one part of Portland cement with one or two parts of bitumen or
pitch, and with or without any sand, or chalk, or other like substances. This
composition, carefully mixed in the usual manner and applied as hereinafter
mentioned, forms a very thin enamel like coating of a permanent nature, particularly
applicable to steel plated ships.
In all cases the materials employed in the compositions are to be thoroughly
mixed and incorporated.
My Invention consists, in the second place, of an improved mode or method of
applying the cement (composed of the ingredients above described) when required
for application to steel, iron, or wood vessels, caissons, tanks, bridges, and other like
purposes.
Hydraulic cements as hitherto applied will not properly adhere to the metal In
order to remedy this defect I apply one or more preparatory coatings of a bituminous
pitch or tar varnish to the metal, and over that when it is nearly set but still sticky
I apply a layer or thin coating of my hydraulic bitumen cement in the usual way.
The bitumen of the cement having a strong affinity for the bitumen of the varnish
of the preparatory coating causes the hydraulic bitumen cement to adhere firmly to
the metal as required.
I am aware that other applications have been employed for similar purposes, but
these have caused an increase of weight, and it is important to use a preparation
that can be applied in a thin coating, so as to avoid increase of weight.
In some cases rosin and resinous varnish may be used instead of bitumen or pitch
and bituminous varnish, but generally I prefer to use bitumen or pitch and bituminous
varnish.
In cases wherein it is desirable to harden the outer surface of the cement this
effect may be produced by putting over it a coating of bitumen varnish.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I hereby declare that what I claim as of my Invention
is,—
The composition of hydraulic cements, and the mode or method of applying the
same, as hereinbefore described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Day, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty first day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty.
WILLIAM DAY. (L.S.)