Improvements in Kilns.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Jan., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 10th Apr., 1856-Accepted, 6th June, 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Kilns.
We WILLIAM BAILEY, EDWARD FORD, JAMES AYNSLEY and JOHN
AYNSLEY constituting the Firm of Sampson Bridgwood & Son of Anchor
Pottery, Longton, Staffordshire, Manufacturers do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in kilns for firing porcelain or other
earthenware and has for its object to heat one or more kilns or certain portions
thereof by one fire.
For this purpose, in the case of a double kiln, I construct a fire-hole or passage
running lengthwise between the two firing chambers and beneath the same and
1 connect the said fire-hole or passage with separate flues running underneath the
firing chambers.
These flues open into the space surrounding the firing chambers and are provided
with dampers for shutting one or more of them off from the interior of the kiln.
Openings which may be fitted with dampers, also lead from the top of the fire-hole
or passage to the space between the firing chambers and regulating holes are
provided in the outer walls of the kiln.
Thus by means of our invention I may fire or heat the whole of two kilns or
firing chambers by means of one fire or we may shut off the heat from the whole
or any portion thereof by means of the dampers fitted to the said flues.
Dated this 27th day of January 1895.
J. B. FLEURET,
5 Hatton Garden, London, Agent for the Applicants.
Improvements in Kilns.
We WILLIAM BAILEY, EDWARD FORD, JAMES AYNSLEY and JOHN
AYNSLEY constituting the Firm of Sampson Bridgwood & Son of Anchor
Pottery, Longton in the County of Staffordshire do hereby declare the nature of
our invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to improvements in kilns for firing porcelain earthenware
and the like and has for its chief object to heat one or more kilns or certain
portions thereof by one fire.
For this purpose in the case of a double kilo a fire-hole or passage is constructed
underneath the firing chambers and so as to run along the whole length of and
between the same, which fire-hole or passage is connected with separate flues on
each side running underneath the firing chambers. These flues open into vertical
passages formed by partition walls extending upwards on each side of the firing
chambers to a short distance above the top thereof. The said flues are provided
with dampers for shutting one or more of them off from the passages surrounding
the firing chambers.

page_text: The top of the fire-hole or passage is also provided with openings leading into
the passages between the firing chambers, one or more of which openings may be
closed by dampers operated through regulating holes in the outer walls of the kila
and in the division walls of the vertical passages.
And in order to clearly understand our said invention we will proceed to describe
the same with reference to the accompanying sheet of drawings in which
Figure 1 is a vertical section of a double kiln and Figure 2 a vertical section at
right angles to Figure 1 through the centre of the kiln.
Figure 3 is a horizontal section taken on the line xx of Figure 1 and Figure 4
is a similar section on the line y y of Figure 1.
In each of these views similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.
a a are the outer walls of the kiln and a' is the chimney flue or stack. bare
the firing chambers and c is the fire-hole or passage underneath the same and
running along the whole length of and centrally between them. The sides of the
fire-hole or passage are formed with openings leading into flues ec2 passing
respectively underneath the chambers, the said flues being each provided
with dampers d operated through the regulating holes a 2 in the outer walls of
the kiln.
The flues e' e 2 lead into the vertical passages e formed by the partition walls
extending around and above the chambers 6 as shown. Openings e 3 lead from
the top of the fire-hole or passage c to the passages e between the chambers bb,
and these openings are regulated by dampers f operated through the regulating
holes a 3 formed in the outer walls of the kilo.
According to this invention it will be seen that the heat can be shut off from
any portion of the chambers by closing the dampers d in connection with the
flues ec2 and passages e corresponding to such portion, or the whole of the flues
on one side or on both sides of the fire-hole or passage e may be closed by the
dampers d and one or more of the openings e 3 by the dampers f
с
In the construction of kilos according to our invention a very great saving of
'fuel is effected and the wear and tear of brickwork in contact with the fire is
reduced to about 50 per cent. for as the fire door is opened to put fuel on, the cold
air does not rush directly on to the brickwork of the flues as in the case with kilns
as heretofore constructed:
We can also combine two kilos or firing chambers in about the same space
usually occupied by one, thus greatly reducing the cost of construction, and by
placing them contiguous to one another we dispense with the use of dead walls and
unnecessary brickwork which absorbs heat, the side of one kiln or chamber
constituting the outer wall of tho flue of the other kiln or chamber.
By means of our improved system of flues and dampers we place the kilus under
perfect control, the heat anpplied to the whole or any part thereof being regulated
as required, and by placing the dampers at the bottom of the uptake flues instead
of at the top, the said flues are kept free from smoke and gases from the fire when
they are cut off, thus preventing the said smoke and gases being forced through
the bricks into the interiors of the kilns.
It is evident that our invention may be applied to a single kiln or to more than
two kilns as desired, the flues and dampers in the latter case being suitably
arranged with respect to the central fire-holes or passages so as to heat a part or
the whole of them as required.
In previous methods of firing small kilns only one fire place was necessary but
when such kilns were increased in size two or more fire places bad to be adopted,
and it is claimed by this invention that the necessity for this obviated in the case
of double kilus one fire-place answering for the two, whilst when more than two
kilns or firing-chambers are adopted the use of heavy brick divisi n walls between
the fire-places and kilns, which absorb so much of the heat, is dispensed with. The
fire bole or passage runs longitudinally of the firing chambers and firing can be
effected at either or both ends of the same.
As our improvements are capable of some slight modification without departing

page_text: from the principle of this our invention we do not restrict ourselves to the precise
form or placement of the parts thereof.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is;-
1. In kilos for firing porcelain, china, glass earthenware and the like the
employment of a fire-hole or passage placed below and running the whole length
of the said kiln or kilns and communicating, by means of side flues provided with
dampers, with vertical flues or passages surrounding the kiln or kilns substantially
as described and for the purposes specified.
2. In kilns such as above claimed the combination with the outer walls a and
firing chambers bb of the fire-hole or passage c, side flues c¹ c2, dampers d, vertical
flues or passages e, openings c3 and dampers/constructed, arranged and operating
substantially as described and for the purposes specified.
3. The improved construction of kiln for firing porcelain or other china,
earthenware, glass and the like substantially as described and shown in the
accompanying sheet of drawings.
Dated this 10th day of April 1896.
J. B. FLEURET,
5 Hatton Garden, London, Agent for the Applicants.
J. B. FLEURET,
5 Hatton Garden, London, Agent for the Applicants.