Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Apr., 1886.
Complete Left, 10th Jan., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 11th Feb., 1887.
I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN of 67 Strand in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention, to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in making two pairs of superimposed dials, the upper
two dials being provided with certain numbers and slots, and the lower two also with
certain numbers, the one pair to show the hours, and the other the minutes, an also
in providing a suitable mechanism for actuating the said dials.
The dials are made as follows;-Two dials of equal diameter to show the minutes
are mounted on the same axle, the upper fixed to the axle is numbered round its
periphery from right to left with the figures 0. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 and is provided with slots
to the right of each of the figures of sufficient size to disclose a number on the lower
dial. The lower dial, adapted to revolve on the axle carries the numbers 0 to 9 also
marked from right to left along its periphery.
The two dials to show the hours from 1 to 24 are mounted on an axle in a similar
manner, the upper being fixed to the axle and the lower adapted to revolve thereon.
The upper dial is numbered from left to right round its periphery with the
numbers 0. 1. 2. 22. 23. 24. with a slot to the right of each of the numbers 0. 1. 2.
The lower dial is similarly marked with the ten figures 0 to 9. By the use of such
superimposed discs larger figures can be used than would otherwise be the case.

page_text: A train of wheels from the spring to the escapement actuates a star wheel so that
it revolves to the amount of one tooths breadth in one minute. The movement of this
wheel lifts one arm of a lever pivoted to the bed plate, and thereby caused the other
end of the lever to advance a second star wheel to the amount of one tooths breadth.
This second star wheel carries ten teeth so that it makes a complete revolution in ten
minutes. To the axle of this second star wheel are fixed two other wheels, one of
which is provided with teeth and gears into a pinion attached to the lower or digit-
minute disc and so proportioned to the first toothed wheel, that the digit or unit disc is
caused to advance one unit every minute, the other wheel is only provided with one
tooth and gears into a second wheel provided with six equidistant double teeth, this
latter attached to the upper or ten minute disc. As the second star wheel, and
therefore the one-toothed wheel makes a whole revolution in ten minutes, and there
are six numbers only on the upper or "
ten "minute disc, this disc advances by one
numeral every ten minutes, and makes a complete revolution in one hour.
To the axle of the second star wheel controlling the minute mechanism, is also fixed
a small toothed pinion gearing with a toothed wheel carrying on its axle a cam or
tumbler, this wheel is proportioned to the pinion so that it revolves once in one hour
The cam as it revolves, lifts a second lever kept pressed against the cam by means of
a spring, and provided at its other end with a catch so that, when at the expiration
of the hour, the cam allows the lever to fall the latter catches with its hooked end a
tooth of a wheel having twenty four teeth controlling the hour mechanism, and moves
the same one tooths breadth. To the axle of this last mentioned wheel are fixed two
other wheels, one governing the digits of the hours, the other the "tens" of the
hours. The former of these two wheels has a space cut away from the periphery
equal to one-sixth of the circumference, the remainder of the circumference carries
twenty teeth, the space therefore cut out is equal to four teeth, this wheel therefore
also moves one tooths breadth in one hour. This wheel gears with a ten-toothed
pinion fixed to the lower or digit hour dial, and therefore advances the same by one
numeral every hour. The latter of the two-wheels mentioned above fixed to the axle,
is provided with six teeth arranged in a peculiar manner along its circumference, the
breadth of the teeth is such that twenty four would be required to surround the
circumference, the six teeth are placed as follows;-from left to right,- teeth
together, a space equal to one tooth-the fifth tooth-a space equal to nine teeth-
the sixth tooth, the remaining space will then be equal to eight teeth. This wheel is
so fixed with regard to the former wheel, that the four adjacent teeth are exactly
under the space left without teeth in the periphery of the same. The wheel with the
six teeth actuates a six-toothed pinion fixed to the upper of "tens" of hours dial.
These two wheels governing the two dials are so geared with reference to the latter
that when the four adjacent teeth are just past the pinion, the figures "0" on
the upper, and "2" on the lower dial appear opposite the orifice in the clock face,
as the hours pass, the teeth of the upper wheel cause the lower dial to show them
one by one at the orifice, the figure ( still preceding them; until however "10" is
reached when the sixth tooth on the lower wheel replaces the "0" by
:: 1," this
continues until "20" is reached when the fifth tooth of the lower wheel brings the
figure into place, the unit "1" is then brought forward on the lower dial by
the last tooth of the upper wheel, where however it remains since the recess in the
periphery of the upper wheel (equal to four teeth) has no effect on the pinion, during
this interval however the four adjacent teeth on the lower wheel bring successively
forward the numbers-22. 23. 24. U-the figures 22. 23. 24 cover up the figure "1"
on the lower dial which is not seen until the slot to the right of the "Obrings it
into view. At the end of the next hour, the first tooth of the upper wheel brings
forward the digit "2" on the lower dial and the process is repeated.
"
In arranging the mechanism to show only the hours from 1 to 12, the lower disc
carries the figures 1 to 7, the upper the figures 8 to 12 and also a slot between the
figures 12 and 8. The pinions attached to these two dials are actuated by two wheels
respectively, one carrying seven teeth, and a space undivided equal to 5 teeth, the

page_text: other six teeth and an undivided space equal to 6 teeth, the latter is placed upon the
former so that the undivided space in each coincides with the teeth on the other, the
last tooth of the one however, overlapping the first tooth of the other on one side
of the wheel. In this case, when the slot in the upper disc registers with the opening
in the clock face first, the figures 1 to 7 are placed in front of it in succession, then
the figure seven is covered by the figures 8. 9. 10. 11. 12 of the upper disc, and
lastly, on the overlapping tooth coming into action the "12" gives place to the slot
and the "7" to the "1."
A. suitable contrivance is also provided by which the mechanism of the respective
dials may be released from the actuating levers, connecting the same with the spring
mechanism, in order that the dials may be regulated or set to the correct time.
By a "tooth" or " tooths breadth" is to be understood the distance from center to
center of two adjacent teeth.
H. J. HADDAN.
Pp. Herbert & Co.,
67, Strand, W.C.

page_text: I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of 67 Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, a communication to me
from abroad by Joseph Pallweber of Salzburg in the German Empire, Engineer, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
These improvements consist in making two pairs of superimposed dials the upper
two dials being provided with certain numbers and slots and the lower two also with
certain numbers, the one pair to show the hours and the other the minutes, and also in
providing a suitable mechanism for actuating the said dials.
Referring to the accompanying drawings which show the improvement as applied
to a watch.
Fig. 1 is a view of the face of the watch.
Fig. 2 shows the connection and operation of the dials.
Fig. 3 shows the interior mechanism and train.
Fig. 4 shows the manner in which the dials are arranged.
Fig. 5 detail views of the gear trains between the respective dials at each centre.
Fig. 6a side view of watch with part of the mechanism removed.
Fig. 7 sectional view of the hour dials.
Fig. S the hour dials for showing 24 hours.
Fig. 9 sectional view of the minute dials.
Fig. 10 the minute dials.
Fig. 11 the upper dial with its special mechanism, and,
Fig. 12 the lower dial with its special mechanism for showing twelve hours.
Figs. 13 and 14 means for setting the dials.
C
The dials are made as follows; two dials c d of equal diameter to show the minutes,
are mounted on the same axle c¹, the upper dial d fixed to the axle is numbered round
its periphery from right to left with the figures 0. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 and is provided with
slots d¹ to the right of each of the figures of sufficient size to disclose a number on the
lower dial. The lower dial e adapted to revolve on the axle carries the numbers 0 to 9
also marked from right to left at equal distances along its periphery,
The two dials ab showing the hours 1-24 are similarly mounted on an axle a' the
upper dial being fixed to the axle, and the lower dial a adapted to revolve thereon.
The upper dial is numbered from left to right round its periphery with the six
numbers 0. 1. 2. 22. 23. 24, with a slot 6 to the right of each of the numbers 0. 1. 2.
The lower dial is similarly marked with the ten figures 0 to 9.
By the use of such superimposed dises larger figures can be used than would
otherwise be the case.
A train of wheels from the spring barrel e to the escapement & actuates a star
wheel so that it revolves to the amount of one tooth's-breadth in one minute. Each
tooth of this wheel u lifts in passing one arm of the lever e pivoted to the bed plate,
and thereby causes the other end of the lever v through the catch of to advance a
second star wheel t to the amount of one tooth's-breadth, this second star wheel t
carries ten teeth so that it makes a complete revolution in ten minutes. To the axle
of the star wheel t are fixed two other wheels o, m, of these the wheel o is provided with

page_text: teeth and gears into a pinion attached to the lower or digit minute disc e and so
proportioned to the foothed wheel o that the digit or unit disc c is caused to advance
one unit every minute, the wheel m is only provided with one tooth and gears into a
second wheel provided with six equidistant double teeth, the wheel is attached to
the upper or "ten" minute disc d. As the star wheel and therefore the one toothed
wheel makes a whole revolution in 10 minutes, and there are 6 numbers only on the
upper or 10 minute disc d this disc advances by one numeral every ten minutes,
and completes a revolution in one hour.
To the axle of the star wheel is also fixed a small toothed pinion y gearing with a
toothed wheel carrying on its axle a cam or tumbler this wheel is proportioned
to the pinion so that it revolves once in one hour. The cam as it revolves, lifts a
second lever kept pressed against the cam by means of a spring i and provided at
its other end with a catch so that when at the expiration of the hour, the cam g
allows the lever to fall the latter catches with its hooked end ¹ a tooth of the
wheel having 24 teeth and controlling the hour mechanism, and moves the same one
tooth's-breadth. To the axle of the wheel are fixed two other wheels s, -
governing the digits of the hours-y the "10s" of the hours. The former of these
two wheels has a space cut away from the periphery equal to one sixth of the circum-
ference, the remainder of the circumference carries 20 teeth, the space therefore cut
out is equal to four teeth, this wheel also moves one tooth's-breadth in one hour, and
gears with a ten toothed pinion » fixed to the lower or digit hour dial a and therefore
advances the same by one numeral every hour. The wheel q is provided with six
teeth arranged in a peculiar manner along its circumference, the breadth of the wheel
is such that twenty four would be required to complete the circumference of teeth;
the six teeth are placed as follows, from left to right-1 teeth together a space equal
to 1 tooth--the fifth tooth-a space equal to 9 teeth-the sixth footh; the remaining
space will then be equal to 8 teeth. The wheel is so fixed with regard to the wheel s
that the four adjacent teeth are exactly under the space left without teeth in the
periphery of the wheel s. The wheel actuates a six toothed pinion p fixed to the
upper hour dial b.
S
To prevent the pinions and p from revolving loosely when they fall out of gear
with the wheels and which would be the case when the toothless spaces in the
latter wheels arrive near to the pinions, I provide guard discs
(as shown
in Fig. 5) formed in such a manner as to retain the pinions when they are not operated
by the teeth of the wheels s, 7 respectively. These two wheels 7 governing the two
dials, are so geared with reference to the latter that when the four adjacent teeth are
just past the pinion the figures "0" on the upper, and "" on the lower dial appear
opposite the orifice in the clock-face, as the hours pass, the teeth of the upper wheel s
cause the lower dial to show them one by one at the orifice the figure 0 still preceding
them until however 10 is reached when the sixth tooth on the lower wheel y replaces
the 0 by 1, this continues until 20 is reached when the fifth tooth of the lower wheel
brings the figure 2 into place the unit 1 is then brought forward on the lower dial by
the last tooth of the wheels where however it remains, since the recess in the periphery
of the wheels (equal to four teeth) has no effect on the pinion, during this interval
however the four adjacent teeth on the wheel 7 bring successively forward the
numbers 22, 23, 24, 0, the figures 22, 23, 24 cover up the figure 1 on the lower dial
which is not seen until the slot to the right of the 0 brings it into view. At the
end of the next hour the first tooth of the upper wheels brings forward the digit 2 on
the lower dial and the process is repeated.
In arranging the mechanism to show only the hours from 1 to 12, the lower dise all
carries the figures 1 to 7; the upper disc a, the figures 8 to 12, and also a slot fl
between the figures 12 and 8. The pinions attached to these two dials are
actuated by wheels respectively. The wheel " carries seven teeth and a
space undivided equal to 5 teeth, the wheel carries 6 teeth and an undivided
space equal to 6 teeth; the wheel is so placed upon the wheel 7,11 so that the
undivided space in each coincides with the teeth on the other, the tooth of the one
however overlapping the first tooth of the other on one side of the wheel. In this

page_text: case, when the slot f" in the upper disc a registers with the opening in the clock
face, first the figures 1 to 7 of the lower disc a" are placed in front of it in succession,
then the figure 7 is covered by the figures 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 of the upper disc a¹ and
lastly on the overlapping tooth coming into action the number 12 gives place to the
slot and the 7 to the 1.
It is understood that more or less numbers may be inserted in the lower or upper
dial and that the wheels and 6, and the pinions ce may have, proportionally,
more or less teeth. In this case of course the tooth or ratchet wheel will be replaced
by a wheel such as having only twelve teeth.
in
A suitable contrivance as shown in Figs. 13 & 14 is also provided by which the
mechanism of the respective dials may be released from the actuating levers h
order that the dials may be regulated or set to the correct time.
Fig. 13 represents the means for setting the dials by means of a separate key.
Fig. 14 similar means of operation arranged for a keyless watch.-On pressing
down the pins these bring the wheels a in gear with the pinions t¹, t, and at
the same time, by means of pins a press back the catches so as to free the
pinions from the train of the watch. On turning the wheels a 6 which gear with
respectively the dials may be revolved. In Fig. 14 the frame a carrying the
wheels a ais pivoted on the pivot y' and may be pressed over in either direction
by the pins " so as to engage the respective pinion and release the lever or r
so as to operate the respective dial from the central wheel ¹.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
:-
In watches and clocks:
1. The combination of two superposed dials, showing the hours, the upper b
being provided with figures 0, 1, 2, 22, 23, 24 and slots, the lower dial a being pro-
vided with figures 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 substantially as set forth.
upper
d
2. The combination of two superposed dials c d for showing the minutes, the
C
being provided with numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and slots d', the lower e being provided
with figures 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 substantially as set forth.
3. The combination of two superposed dials aa for showing the hours 1 to 12,
the upper
a being provided with numbers 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and slot"-the lower all
being provided with numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 substantially as set forth.
4. The combination of the dials a b. with the tooth wheels s
andr P for
operating said dials from tooth-wheel & substantially as described and illustrated.
5. The combination of the dials ed with the tooth wheels om t and I n for operating
said dials from wheel & substantially as described and illustrated.
6. The combination of the dials a" a with tooth wheels
and " 111 for
operating said dials from wheel substantially as described and illustrated.
7. The combination of star wheel u with lever and star wheel t for operating said
wheel substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
8. The combination of star wheel u lever e, star wheel, pinion y, tooth wheel "
gearing with said pinion, caim g', lever and wheel substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
9. The combination with the wheels s, of guard discs, substantially as and for
the purpose set forth.
10. The combination with the wheels p q of guard discs p¹p" substantially as and
for the purpose set forth.