IMPROVEMENTS IN MAGNIFYING GLASSES TO BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH GAS AND OTHER LIGHTS
Year: 1884

page_text: I, MARGUERITE HEALE of 9 Altenburg Terrace Lavender Hill in the County
of Surrey do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MAGNIFYING GLASSES TO BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH GAS AND OTHER LIGHTS"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in magnifying glasses to be used
in connection with gas and other lights and to be called the "New Water Light."
I employ for this purpose hollow globes of glass connected together and filled
with water. Three globes joined together with their centres in one plane is
a. suitable arrangement. The gas or other flame is to be in the same plane with
the centres and near to the periphery of each globe. If the magnifying glass is
intended to be placed against a wall two of the globes may be flattened and the
magnifier will then be placed with the flattened sides abutting upon the wall.
A magnifying glass may also be constructed with four or more globes similarly
connected and the light will then be placed in the centre of the group. The globes
may coalesce to a greater or less extent until in an extreme case the distinction
between globe and globe may be lost and then the transverse vertical sections in
all planes passing through the centre will be alike and the apparatus becomes
a circular cylinder or belt. These magnifying glasses may be made in two or more
parts and fitted together.
Instead of complete globes parts of globes may be employed and the magnifying
glass will then be double convex, plano convex or concave-convex as the case may
be, An oval or cylindrical contour may also be employed in place of the spherical.
By the use of these glasses or vessels light is intensified and improved and
streets and thoroughfares may thus also be better lighted with less consumption of
gas. These glasses are useful also as inagnifiers and in lighting Theatres, Public;
Buildings, Factories, Warehouses, Shops and Houses.
They will be invaluable also for lighting Tunnels, Mines, holds of Ships, and all
under ground places, also Wharves, Piers, Public Gardens and Promenades, ships
decks, railway and other carriages.

page_text: I MARGUERITE HEALE of 9 Altenburg Terrace Lavender Hill in the County
of Surrey do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MAGNIFYING GLASSES TO BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH GAS AND OTHER LIGHTS
"
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :—
This Invention has for its object improvements in magnifying glasses to be used
in connection with gas and other lights and to be called the "New Water Light."
I employ for this purpose hollow globes of glass connected together and filled
with water Three globes. joined together with their centres in one plane is
a suitable arrangement. The gas or other flame is to be in the same plane with
the centres and near to the periphery of each globe. If the magnifying glass is
intended to be placed against a wall two of the globes may be flattened and the
magnifier will then be placed with the flattened sides abutting upon the wall.
A magnifying glass may also be constructed with four or more globes similarly
connected and the light will then be placed in the centre of the group. The globes
may coalesce to a greater or less extent until in an extreme case the distinction
between globe and globe may be lost and then the transverse vertical sections in
all planes passing through the centre will be alike, and the apparatus becomes
à circular cylinder or belt. These magnifying glasses may be made in two. or more
parts and fitted together.
Instead of complete globes parts of globes may be employed and the magnifying
glass will then be double convex, plano convex or concave-convex as the case may
be. An oval or cylindrical contour may also be employed in place of the spherical.
By the use of these glasses or vessels light is intensified and improved and
streets and thoroughfares may thus also be better lighted with less consumption of
gas. These glasses are useful also as magnifiers and in lighting Theatres, Public
Buildings, Factories, Warehouses, Shops and Houses.
They will be invaluable also for lighting Tunnels, Mines, holds of Ships, and all
under ground places, also Wharves, Piers, Public Gardens and Promenades, ships'
decks, railway and other carriages.
In order that my said invention may be most fully understood and readily carried
into effect I will proceed to describe the drawings hereunto annexed.

page_text: Figures 1 represent three hollow globes of glass joined together with their centres
in one plane. A A A are the globes and A A¹ are the necks by which they are
filled, with the stoppers by which the necks are then closed.
B marks the position of the flame in the centre of the group of globes. The
globes may be made separate the one from the other as represented by Figure 2,
and several of these may be grouped around the flame as in Figures 1. The bottom
of the globe here shown is somewhat flattened. The globes may be made to
coalesce the one with the other to a greater or less extent so that the fluid passage
may be continuous from one to another.
Figures 3 show an extreme example, where the figure may be regarded as
a cylinder of which the axis is a circle; the position of the light in this case is in
the centre at B. This figure may be made in one or more pieces, and the diameter
of the circle may be varied.
Figures represent a separate straight section and sections of rings can be
similarly made.
Figures 5 represent a section of another form where a figure approximately
cylindrical is divided by a medial partition.
In place of the globes represented in Figures 1 forms of an elongated type may
be employed. Figures 6 show a complete group of such figures surrounding the
flame at B each section has a separate neck and stopper as the drawing shows.
It will be observed that the figures are more convex on the inner surface adjacent
to the flame than on the outer surface and it is a point of some importance that
where there is a difference of curvature of the two surfaces that that adjacent to
the flame should be the more convex.
Figures 7 represent a modification of Figures 6 where, by the confluence of the
different sections the outer surface has become cylindrical but with ends which are
somewhat rounded. Four sections here complete the circuit.
Figures 8 are again similar to Figures 7, but here the circuit around the light
at B is incomplete. This water light is adapted to be placed with its flattened sides
at A² A against a wall, the position for the flame is at B. The external surface in
this case is more spherical than it is in the form shown by Figures 7.
Figures 9 show a form corresponding approximately to the front segment in
Figures 8; it may be employed where the light is not required through so large an
angle. The position for the flame is adjacent to the more convex face at B. Where
the height of the flame is small a corresponding reduction may advantageously be
made in the vertical dimension of the glass or glasses around the flame.
Figures 10 show a form very suited for use with a small flame of great brilliancy.
The position of the flame is at B, and as will be seen the figure is boldly convex on
the side facing the flame, whilst the convexity on the opposite face is much smaller
but the face however is spread out to a larger area.
Figure 11 represents a water light which may be used either singly or with two.
or more to form a group. It is constructed on the principle as already explained.
It is adapted for use with a flame of somewhat greater length than the form shown
in the preceding figure.
Figure 12 is a form similar to that shown by the Figures 9 but having combined
with it a globular water light. This is employed when it is desired to direct beams
of light simultaneously in two different directions as for example one beam along
the deck of a ship, and another upwards on to the rigging, so that a lantern
furnished with this form of water light will serve simultaneously for two different.
purposes.
In many cases stoppers will not be used; the filling apertures being then left open.
In some cases lids will be used, as the vessels can sometimes be more conveniently
so made than in one piece; then the aperture or neck will be in the lid.
It is convenient frequently to provide means for adjusting the flame, it is to be
heightened or lowered to the globe or vessel as required.
Taps will sometimes be used so that the vessels may be easily emptied.
These water lights can also be used as magnifiers,

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare thât what I claim is
1. My new water lights consisting of hollow glass vessels with convex faces and
provided with suitable apertures for filling and employed with a convex face in
close proximity to the flame or source of light substantially as herein described.
2. My new water light as herein described and illustrated by the annexed
drawings.