Improvements in Refuse Destructor Furnaces.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 31st July, 1899
1000
J
ALL
سلسل
4000
Improvements in Refuse Destructor Furnaces.
We, EDWARD WILLSHEAR, Engineer, of 113, Whyteville Road, Forest Gate, E.
and EWART CHARLES AMOS, Consulting Engineer, of 20, Bucklersbury, both of the
County of London, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in destructor
furnaces, such as are used for the destruction of town's and other refuse and for
burning any kind of vegetable and animal refuse, pressed sewage sludge and
waste products.
It has for its object to provide a means of effectually securing the complete
combustion of all organic matter and also the fumes and gases which are given
off during the process of destruction. This our improved destructor consists
mainly of three cells, so arranged that two of them are made to feed the third one
which is placed between them. The cells are formed of brickwork with the usual
method of firebrick lining common to most furnaces, and the two outer cells,
which may be termed the primary cells, each contain a grate, with the firebars
placed at a suitable incline. The middle cell, which may be termed the secondary
cell has also a grate, but with firebars placed horizontally, and on a level with
the lower ends of the inclined grates of the primary cells, the secondary cell being
common to the primary ones. The refuse, or material to be destroyed is fed in
through suitable openings preferably placed at the top of the primary cells and
provided with suitable doors. The refuse is then partially consumed in the
primary cells, after which it is fed on to the grate of the middle cell where com-
plete combustion takes place. By the combination of the three cells in the way
described it is impossible for any refuse to pass away unconsumed since no clinker-
ing in done on the primary grates, but the residue is turned on to the secondary
or middle grate, thereby causing the entire and absolute destruction of the
This middle grate has
material, and the combustion of the fumes and gases.
always a bright fire at a very high temperature since it only receives the refuse
when combustion is nearly complete, and at the same time is caused to receive
a fresh supply of air, hereinafter referred to.
We may cause a forced draught, by means of suitable flues and pipes, to pass
up under the firebars of each of the grates greatly assisting rapid combustion,
and we cause this air to be raised in temperature before it passes the firebars by
allowing it to pass through suitable flues formed in the brickwork of the cells.
This arrangement of cells however can also be worked with natural draught.
Owing to the construction of these cells as already described we are able to use
smaller firing doors than is possible with existing destructors, and thereby reduce
the loss of heat and ill effects produced by the sudden cooling of the incandescent
bricks, which occurs when a large door is suddenly opened for the purpose of
clinkering. Suitable cleaning doors are provided and the charging doors and
firing doors are preferably of the counterbalanced type to secure easy manipulation
and rapid closing.
Our destructor is especially suitable as a steam raiser for which purpose so

page_text: many of these furnaces are employed, as when so used the middle grate can be-
come the furnace of the boiler and thereby enable the heat to be applied immedi-
ately to the tubes of the boiler and without passing along flues as is usually the
practice.
Where however it is desired to lead a flue to the boiler our arrangement of
cells is equally suited.
Dated this 31st day of July 1899.
Improvements in Refuse Destructor Furnaces.
We, EDWARD WILLSHEAR, Engineer, of 113, Whyteville Road, Forest Gate,
in the County of Essex, and EWART CHARLES AMOS, Consulting Engineer of
20, Bucklersbury, E.C., in the County of London, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particu-
larly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
-
This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in destructor
furnaces, such as are used for the destruction of town's and other refuse and for
burning any kind of vegetable and animal refuse, pressed sewage sludge, and
waste products.
It has for its object to provide a means of effectually securing the complete
combustion of all organic matter, and also the fumes and gases which are given
off during the process of destruction. This, our improved destructor, consists
mainly of three cells, so arranged that two of the cells are made to feed the third
one which is placed between them.
The cells are formed of brickwork with the usual method of fireclay lining
common to most furnaces, and the two outer cells, which may be termed the
primary cells, each contain a grate with the firebars placed at a suitable incline.
The middle cell, which may be termed the secondary cell, has also a grate, but
with firebars placed horizontally, and on a level with the lower ends of the inclined
grates of the primary cells. The secondary cell being common to the primary
cells. The refuse or material to be destroyed is fed in through suitable openings
preferably placed at the top of the primary cells, and provided with suitable doors.
The refuse is then partially consumed in the primary cells, after which it is fed on.
to the grate of the middle cell where complete combustion takes place. By the
combination of the three cells in the way described it is impossible for any refuse
to pass away unconsumed since no clinkering is done on the primary grates, but
the residue is turned onto the secondary or middle grate, thereby causing the
entire and absolute destruction of the material and the combustion of the fumes
and gases. This middle grate has always a bright fire at a very high temperature
since it only receives the refuse when combustion is nearly complete, and at the
same time is caused to receive a fresh supply of air hereinafter referred to.
may cause a forced draught by means of suitable flues and pipes, to pass up under
the fire bars of each of the grates, thereby greatly assisting rapid combustion
and we cause the air to be raised in temperature before it passes the firebars, by
causing it to pass through suitable flues formed in the brickwork of the cells.
This arrangement of cells, however, can also be worked with natural draught or
induced draught. Owing to the construction of these cells as already described,
we are able to use smaller firing doors than is possible with existing destructors,
and thereby reduce the loss of heat and ill effects produced by the sudden cooling
We

page_text: of the incandescent bricks which occurs when a large door is suddenly opened for
the purpose of clinkering. Suitable cleaning doors are provided and the charging
doors and firing doors are preferably of the counterbalance type to secure easy
manipulation and rapid closing
Our destructor is especially suitable as a steam raiser for which purpose so many
of these furnaces are employed; as when so used the middle grate can become the
furnace of the boiler, and thereby enable the heat to be applied immediately to
the tubes of the boiler, and without passing along flues as is usually the practice
Where, however, it is desired to lead a flue to the boiler, our arrangement of
cells is equally suited.
In order to more particularly describe our invention, reference must be had to
the accompanying drawings, in which like letters refer to like parts throughout.
Fig. 1 is a part sectional elevation of a set of three cells taken on line X-X of
Figure 3. Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional elevation taken above ground line on
lines Y-Y of Figure 3. Figure 3 is a sectional plan taken on line 7-% of
Fig. 1. The arrangement shewn in the drawings comprises a set of three cells
in which A A are the two outer or primary cells, and B is the secondary cell.
By reference to Figure 1 which shews one of the primary cells, and half of the
secondary cell in section, the other half being in elevation, it will be noted that
the secondary cell B also forms the fire grate for the steam generator the said
generator being placed between the two primary cells. In the same view A¹ A¹
are the firebars of the primary cells placed at a suitable incline to B, and B
the fire bars of the secondary cell placed horizontally. C is the steam generator
which is preferably in the form of a tubulous boiler, as shewn. D D are the
drying hearths forming part of the primary cells, and on to which the refuse to be
destroyed is first fed through the hoppers EE. F is a suitable platform along which
the refuse is brought previous to being fed into the said hoppers. F F is a
shoot leading from the platform to the hoppers. G G are balanced charging
doors placed at the bottom of the hoppers E E leading to the primary cells A A,
and so arranged that when a suitable charge is placed upon them, they will lift
their weights G¹ G', and allow the charge to fall through on to the drying
hearths D D in the cells A A. HH are doors, usually of the balanced type
shewn, provided for the admission of suitable tools in order to push or remove
the partially burnt refuse from the primary cells on to the firebars or hearth of
the secondary cell B, and used for the purpose of removing the clinker after com-
bustion of the refuse. It will be noticed that the two primary cells A A and the
secondary cell B are all in communication with each other by means of the
opening KK-Figure 3. Also it must be noted that when desired the opening
may be completely or partially closed by means of suitable dampers which are
fitted in the openings K K, and marked K¹ K-Figure 1, so that in case it is only
desired to use one of the primary cells in combination with the secondary cell, the
other primary cell may be completely shut off, as for instance, in case of repairs &c.
Again the closing of both of these dampers at the same time also provides for the
shutting off of the secondary cell, and in this case it is necessary to open the
dampers marked LL which lead into flues MM, which permits of the products of
combustion to pass along to the main flue or chimney shaft without entering the
secondary cell at all. This is not intended for regular working since the essential
part of our invention is the existence of the middle or secondary cell between the
outer cells in the manner shewn and described in order to secure complete com-
bustion, but the provision of the flues M M and dampers L L provide for temporary
working whilst the centre flue and generator may be under repair, which arrange-
ment will prove of considerable utility when the destructor is combined with a
steam generator. In order to secure complete combustion, suitable air ducts con-
nected with a source of forced draught lead under each of the three cells, so that
each of the three cells receives its own supply of fresh air to assist in the complete
combustion of the material being destroyed.

page_text: The method of working is as follows:-
The refuse having been dropped from the charging door on to the drying
hearths referred to is raked on to the grate or fire bars of the primary cells, where it
is partially burnt; the raking being effected through the doors H H. This partially
consumed refuse is then raked on to the fire bars or grate of the centre or secondary
cell B, where it is burnt again and completely consumed. This operation is done
alternately with each primary cell, the secondary cell receiving the incandescent
fire from each primary cell in turn.
Where it is desired to use the arrangement of the three cells already described
without a steam generator, it is only necessary to arch over the secondary cell,
the action of firing and the method of combustion being exactly as already
described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said in-
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is
-
(1) The herein described arrangement of three cells forming a combined refuse
destructor and steam generator, in which the refuse is first fed into the primary
or outer cells, and is afterwards transferred to the middle or secondary cell sub-
stantially as described and illustrated..
(2) The herein described arrangement of three cells forming a combined refuse
destructor and steam generator in which complete and final combustion is caused
to take place in the middle cell immediately under the steam generator substan-
tially as described and illustrated.
(3) The combination of three cells for the purpose of completely destroying
all kinds of vegetable and animal refuse in combination with or without a steam
generator as described in the accompanying specification.
(4) The arangement of three cells in which the two outer or primary cells are
caused to supply the centre or secondary cell with partially burnt refuse; final
combustion taking place in the secondary cell, and clinkering being effected from
that cell only.
(5) The combination and arrangement of parts forming a combined refuse de-
structor and steam generator, also a similar arrangement forming a refuse
destructor only substantially as described.
Tatal 20th are of il 1900
EWART C. AMOS.
E. WILLSHEAR.