Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 17th June, 1896
Complete Specification Laft 17th Mo
4007 Accented
15th Mov
1807
I, CONRAD CHRISTIAN SEVERIN KNAP, of 11 Queen Victoria Street, London E.C.
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the construction and arrangement of the
parts of steam boilers of the water-tube type equally applicable to both land and
marine purposes, and has for its objects, first, to ensure an efficient circulation of
water within the tubes; secondly, to utilize the whole of the heating surface of the
furnace; thirdly, to admit of the tubes being withdrawn and replaced with ease,
and lastly, to reduce the weight of such boilers and economise the space occupied by
the same.
According to my invention, I construct a water tube steam boiler from a number
of series or divisions of tubes arranged both vertically obliquely and horizontally
obliquely with the former arranged alike unto the sides of a pointed roof, the said
inclination being for the purpose of insuring a perfect circulation of water.
Thus in carrying out my invention, I take a fire place with the opposite sides
having mud-drums or connecting tubes with which the lower box or cap ends of
series of vertical oblique tubes are in communication, whilst the upper cap or box
ends are in communication with top connecting pipes leading to the water and steam
chest and the whole are enclosed within an outside casing.
The series of oblique vertical tubes, which are located at the two opposite sides
of, and over, the furnace, approach each other at the crown of the boiler and are
greatly separated at the base, whilst the said roof or crown is closed by a plate or
casting carrying a chimney through which the products of combustion pass away.
Directed horizontally and obliquely and sloping from the fore part of the furnace
upwardly to the back and located within the space comprehended by the oblique
vertical tubes, are another series of water tubes, with their ends in communication
with suitable boxes or chambers and also with cross pipes leading to a water and
steam chest or chests according as are employed.
In order to prevent the too-ready escape of the products of combustion, deflector
plates are arranged to intersect the space in the roof of the furnace, preferably
above the horizontal oblique tubes and in the same plane with them, and also to
crosswise intersect the spaces between the vertical oblique tubes, thus forming as it
were a furnace chamber and a roof chamber. The products of combustion are thus
made to follow a circuitous course, first through the whole length of the horizontal
tubes, then laterally through the intervening spaces of the middle and lower parts
of the oblique vertical tubes and then between the latter tubes and the casing and
around the deflectors and through the spaces between the upper parts of the said tubes
into the roof chamber and out through the tubes, thus thoroughly utilizing the whole
of the heating surfaces of the boiler.
The tubes may be connected on the "Root" system by headers and outside cap
connectors, or the tubes of each tier or series may be fixed into a common header with
lids opposite each tube, or the tubes in each division may be fixed into one or more

page_text: chambers. The tubes may be fixed in one-way at their lower ends and in another
at their upper ends, or both ends may be secured in the same way.
Dated this 16th day of June 1896.
CONRAD CHRISTIAN SEVERIN KNAP,
By Henry Skerrett,
Agent for Applicant.
I, CONRAD CHRISTIAN SEVERIN KNAP, of 11 Queen Victoria Street, London E.C.
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in the construction and arrangement of the
parts of steam boilers of the water tube type equally applicable to both land and
marine purposes, and has for its objects, first, to ensure an efficient circulation of water
within the tubes; secondly, to utilize the whole of the heating surface of the furnace;
thirdly, to admit of the tubes being withdrawn and replaced with ease, and lastly, to
reduco the weight of such boilers and economise the space occupied by the same.
According to my invention, I construct a water tube steam boiler from a number of
series, sets or rows of tubes arranged both vertically obliquely and horizontally
obliquely, with the former arranged alike unto the sides of a pointed roof, the said
inclination being for the purpose of insuring a perfect circulation of water. The
connections of the tubes and the accessory fittings of the boiler are constructed and
arranged as hereinafter described.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents a water-tube boiler, provided
with series or divisions of both obliquely vertical and obliquely horizontal tubes
arranged in accordance with my invention, and with the tubes connected on the
"Root" principle by headers and outside caps.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of the said boiler, showing more clearly the
arrangement of the series of inclined horizontal and upright tubes and their connections
with one another and with the steam and water chest or chests, and
Figure 3 is a cross section upon the dotted liner Figure 2.
The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures of
the drawings.
a is the fire place with the opposite sides having mud-drums or connecting
tubes b, on each side, with which the lower box or cap ends c, of a series of
vertical oblique tubes c, are in communication by means of the tubes c, whilst the
upper cap or box ends are in communication through the tubes with top
connecting pipes e leading to the water and steam chest c, the whole being
enclosed within an outside casing d.
The oblique or inclined vertical tubes which are arranged in series or rows of
sections, each comprising four tubes c, with headers and cap connections c¹, b²,
and are located at the two opposite sides of, and over, the furnace, approach each
other at the crown a' of the boiler and are greatly separated at the base a³, whilst
the said roof or crown is closed by a plate or casting a³, carrying a chimney a¹,
through which the products of combustion pass away.
Directed horizontally and obliquely backwards throughout the whole length of the
boiler and sloping from the fore part of the furnace downwardly to the back and
located within the space comprehended by the oblique or inclined vertical tubes c, are

page_text: another series of water tubes e with the ends e, in communication with each other by
caps es, preferably enclosed in suitable boxes or chambers e', and also with cross pipes /,
at the front leading to the top connecting pipes c, and cross pipes f, at the rear, in
communication by the down pipe f³, leading from the water and steam chest c°.
In order to prevent the too-ready escape of the products of combustion, and to
ensure the perfect heating of the whole of the tubes, a deflector plate g, is arranged to
intersect the space in the roof of the furnace, preferably above the horizontal oblique
tubes and in the same plane with them, and also to crosswise intersect the spaces
between the vertical oblique tubes, thus forming as it were a furnace chamber and a
roof chamber. The products of combustion are thus made to follow a circuitous
course, first around the whole length of the horizontal tubes, then laterally through
the intervening spaces of the middle and lower parts of the oblique vertical tubes and
then between the latter tubes and the casing and around the deflector and through the
spaces between the upper parts of the said tubes into the roof chamber and out
through the chimney, thus thoroughly utilizing the whole of the heating surfaces of
the boiler.
Instead of the tubes being connected on the "Root" system by headers and outside
cap connectors, as shown and described the tubes of each tier or series may be fixed
into a common header, as shown in Figure 4 in which a is the furnace, and c, c¹, two
series of inclined vertical tubes, with the upper and lower ends c², c3, of the tubes of
each series taking into common headers c, c. These headers may have lids opposite
each tube, or the tubes in each division may be fixed into one or more chambers. The
tubes may be fixed in one way at their lower ends and in another at their upper ends,
or both ends may be secured in the same way.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
First. A water tube steam boiler comprising a number of series, sets or rows of
water tubes, arranged both vertically obliquely and horizontally obliquely, and with
the whole of the tubes of each series, set or row in communication with one another
through headers, end caps or equivalents.
Secondly. In water-tube steam boilers having the tubes arranged substantially as
referred to in the preceding claim, the combination therewith of a deflector plate or
plates for utilizing the whole of the heating surface of the boiler and causing the
products of combustion to follow a circuitous course prior to issuing from the furnace,
substantially as described and set forth.
Thirdly. The improvements in water tube steam boilers and in the construction,
arrangement and combination of the parts of the same, substantially as described and
set forth.
Dated this 16th day of Morh 1807
CONRAD CHRISTIAN SEVERIN KNAP,
By Henry Skerrett,
24 Temple Row, Birmingham, Agent for Applicant.