Improvements in Torpedoes and in Apparatus Connected therewith.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Sept., 1887
Complete Specification Left, 12th June, 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 3rd Aug., 1888
TROVISIONAL DILUIFICATION.
Improvements in Torpedoes and in Apparatus Connected
therewith.
WO JAMES O'KELLY of 65 Bessborough Street in the County of Middlesex
Journalist and Member of Parliament and BERNARD AMBROSE COLLINS of 20-Machell
Road, Nunhead in the County of Surrey Meteorologist do hereby declare the nature
of our invention to be as follows:-
Our improvements in torpedoes and in apparatus connected therewith relate firstly
to means whereby torpedoes are rendered capable of being steered toward any object
after they have been discharged notwithstanding the fact that they are beneath thie
surface of the water and give no visible indication of their position and whereby the
course of torpedoes can be changed from time to time so as to cause them to follow
any moving object until they strike it.
"
In carrying out the first part of our invention we place in one of the compartments
or chambers, preferably the centre one, a dry ship compass upon the card of which
is secured a light vulcanite circle. To this circle, the outer edge of which is just inside the
point and degree marks so that they can be readily seen, we secure two vertical silver
or copper pins one preferably 1 degree East and the other preferably 1 degree West
of the North point of the compass-thus leaving a space of two (2 degrees) between
them.
Immediately over the compass we place a vertical shaft which carries an arm or
band on its lower end, about one half an inch from the face of the compass, in such a
manner that when the said vertical shaft revolves on its axis the arm or hand will be
capable of passing over the face of the compass just as does the hand of a clock,
describing a complete circle.
The arm or hand is conveniently one eighth of an inch thick and about half an inch
wide and is carried edge downward by the vertical shaft. It is composed of vulcanite,
ivory, glass or any other suitablo non-conducting substance. On each side of the arm
or hand are secured two silver or copper contact wires which are perfectly insulated
from one another but the two on each side are capable of being olectrically connected
as will now be described.

page_text: The arm or hand holding the contact wires on its sides is placed. between the two
vertical pins before mentioned. It is evident that if the arm or hand points toward the
magnetic North, the pins will be equi-distant from it as they are each one degree from
the North point of the compass. On the other hand if the arm or hand is turned
toward say the N.N.E. when between the two vertical pins the effort of the compass
to regain its normal position that is with its North point pointing toward the magnetic
North will cause the pin on the right or eastern side to press against the side of the
arm or hand so that the two contact wires on that side will be electrically connected
by the said pin pressing against them. In like manner if the arm or hand be moved
so as to point toward the N.N.W. the pin on the left or western side will press against
the two wires on the left side of the arin or hand. It is therefore apparent that if the
arm or hand be pointed to any direction between North and South on the eastern
semicircle one of the vertical pins will come in contact with the wires on its right
side and when directed to any point in the Western semicircle the other vertical pin
will come in contact with the two wires on the other side.
The mechanism we prefer to employ for controlling the direction and movements of
the vertical shaft bearing the arm or hand is as follows:-The said vertical shaft has
upon it a large wheel which contains 360 teeth on its periphery, or one tooth for each
degree of the circle.. This wheel is geared by another wheel of like diameter to a
pinion on a third shaft. To the said pinion shaft are secured an escapement wheel
and a spiral spring so that when the spiral spring is wound up in the ordinary way
by a key at the top of the pinion shaft and set free, the motion of the said shaft is
transferred to the intermediate wheel by the pinion and thence to the first named
wheel causing the vertical shaft to revolve on its axis and consequently the arm or
hand to move over the face of the compass like the hand of a clock.
Now as the wheels so geared as above described would revolve as long as the spiral
spring had power if unchecked we .control their motion by placing the escapement
lever in connection with an escapement wheel so that the latter can only move
forward one tooth at the time as in all escapement movements, and control the move-
ment of the said escapement lever in the following manner. A small chock or brake
is placed at the side or end of the escapement lever and is connected by a rod with a
small flat piece of soft iron which forins the armature of an electro-magnet so that
when the magnet is charged it draws the armature to it and consequently the chock is
withdrawn from the escapement lever thus allowing the latter to act freely and when
the magnet is discharged or has no current passing through it the rod is drawn
forward again by the spiral spring. To operate the electro-magnet we place an
electric battery of any desired power in a convenient part of the chamber, or if
desired in the last or stern chamber. This battery is connected as follows. From
one pole a wire leads to one pole of the electro-magnet and from the other pole of the
battery a wire is led to the axle of a drum or reel whereon we coil from three to five
miles of insulated copper wire. The connection of the wire leading from the battery
with that upon the drum or reel is made by passing the end of the latter wire through
the hollow axle to the side where it is joined to the battery wire either by a
"brush'
or by a swivel joint. The drum or reel is made of wood, vulcanite or any other suitable
non-conducting substance as are all the parts of the escapement mechanism above
described, excepting of course the electro magnet and armature in order that the
sensitiveness of the compass may not be disturbed. The other end of the wire coiled
upon the drum-or reel is passed through a boring formed longitudinally through the
internal shaft, upon which the propeller shaft works as will be hereafter described, so
that its end will, when desired, be secured on board the vessel or station from which
the torpedo is discharged for purposes which will be explained further on.
"
That pole of the magnet not connected with the electric battery within the torpedo
is connected by wire with the outer skin of the torpedo, so as to obtain "earth"
through the water in which the torpedo is subinerged.
We also operate the above escapenient mechanism and electro magnet without
using an electric battery in the torpedo, by having the battery on the discharging
ship or station and sending the current through the wire above described as

page_text: passing through the internal shaft upon which the propeller shaft works, or we use
both batteries, making the battery in the torpedo à relay battery to augment the
current sent from the battery on the discharging vessel or station.
The above described mechanism and electrical connections are for the purpose of
directing the course of the torpedo at any desired time and their operation is as
follows:-
Upon the vessel or station from which the torpedo is to be discharged we place a
compass and escapement connection similar in every way to those in the torpedo. The
arm or hand over the ship's or station compass points exactly in the same direction as
the hand over the compass in the torpedo, and as the wheels and escapements con-
nected with both hands are exactly the same the arms or hands will move in unison
when they are both set free and as their movement will be synchronous they will
point always in the same direction no matter what part of the dial is indicated.
The compass, hand and escapements are controlled by an electro-magnet on the
discharging vessel or station just as are the compass, hand and escapements in the
torpedo, so that when the end of the insulated wire from the drum in the torpedo is
brought in contact with one of the poles of the electro magnet on the discharging
vessel or station the circuit will be closed, that is the current will pass along the wire
to and over the drum or reel to the electro-magnet in the torpedo and thence through
the earth to the electro-magnet on the discharging vessel or station. Thus, it will be
seen that the two electro magnets will release the escapement levers at the same
instant and consequently the escapements both on the torpedo and discharging vessel
will operate synchronously and will move the hands around the face of both compasses.
When contact is broken the brakes or chocks will stop the movements of both escape-
ments so that the arms or hands will rest pointing in exactly the same direction.
Now, in connection with the above described mechanism on board the discharging
vessel we use another ship compass which is perfectly free to act whilst at a fixed
station a fixed compass card may be used. Above it, however, we centre a horizontal
rod on a pivot so that it can be directed to any part of the horizon. This rod or it
may be a telescope has cross hairs at both ends so that an object can be seen by
placing the eye at one end of it. This rod we call the "sighting rod" and it is for
the purpose of obtaining the magnetic direction of any object on the horizon.
We will now describe its use in connection with the foregoing automatic directing
mechanism.
The sighting rod is directed toward say a vessel. When she is cut by the cross
hairs, the compass underneath shows exactly the magnetic direction in which the
sighting rod lies and consequently the direction of the object vessel. For instance,
supposing it to point toward the North West by North. By pressing a button, by
which we close the circuit as before described, the chocks or brakes are withdrawn
from the escapement levers of both the torpedo and discharging vessels compass
mechanism and the arms or hands over both compasses will move round until they
force the North points of the compasses to North East by North (the opposite direction
to that given by the free compass). Now, it will be seen that when the North point
of the torpedo's compass points to North-east, by North, the North West by North
point will be directly on a line with the axis of the torpedo, hence the torpedo would
have to be turned round 33° 45' toward the West before the compass would point to
the North freely and the pin be released from contact with the side of the arm or hand.
We will now proceed to show how we accomplish the changing of direction of the
torpedo automatically so as to follow any course set as above.
The arm or hand as before described carries on its sides the two sets of contact
wires two on the left hand side and the others on the right hand side. These two sets
of wires are called the "port" and "starboard" wires respectively and are carried to
the stern chamber where they are connected as follows:-One of the port wires is con-
nected with the pole of a storage or chemical battery while the other is connected
with an electro magnet. This is on the port side. The other wires are similarly
connected with another battery and electro magnet on the starboard side. It will
now be seen that if the left pin on the compass comes in contact with the wires on the

page_text: left or port side of the arm or hand the circuit will be closed and the port battery and
connected electro magnet will operate. In like manner, if the other pin comes in
contact with the wires on the right side of the arm or hand the circuit will be closed
and the battery and electro magnet on the starboard side will operate.
Over the propeller shaft in the stern chamber we hinge two arms so that they formi
an angle. These arms extend downward to each side so that their ends come opposite
the port and starboard electro magnets respectively. The ends so prolonged are
formed into oblong shape and faced with blocks of soft iron so as to act as arma-
tures for the electro magnets before described and are held away from said magnets
by spiral springs. Upon the said arms we place outer shafts which carry two wheels
cach. These wheels are so arranged that when the electro magnet draws the arm
toward it one will gear into a worm or screw and the other into a wheel to be here-
after described respectively. In the same manner the electro magnet on the other
side will cause similar wheels to be drawn to the propeller shaft and horizontal wheel
to be now described.
The last mentioned wheel is placed horizontally under the propeller shaft upon a
loose bearing so that it can move in any direction (horizontally). On the upper
portion of its periphery we place bevelled teeth so that it can be geared with the
lower wheel on the arm when the upper wheel is geared with the worm or screw on
the propeller shaft by the magnet drawing the arm towards it.
The side or periphery of the horizontal wheel is grooved so as to hold one or more
turns of a chain or wire line. This line is carried either through borings in the
outer shield or shaft to the rudder wheel around which it is turned one or more times.
This rudder wheel is firmly secured to the head of the rudder post so that when it
turns the rudder will also turn.
The operation of the above described mechanism and electric connections is as
follows:-
-
Suppose the propeller shaft is revolving and that the left pin on the compass comes
in contact with the left or port wires on the arm or hand the circuit will be closed
for the port battery and the electro magnet will draw down the arm towards it. The
wheels are thereby brought into gear with the worm or screw on the propeller shaft
and the bevelled teeth of the horizontal wheel respectively with the result that the
power will be transferred from the propeller shaft to the horizontal wheel so as to
cause it to rotate. The chain or line from the borizontal wheel will communicate the
same movement to the rudder wheel so that the helin will be ported until the arm or
hand ceases to touch the left pin before mentioned. In a similar way the contact
between the right or starboard wires and the right pin will cause the starboard battery
and electro magnet to act and the wheels on that side will cause the horizontal wheel
to move in an opposite direction so as to starboard the helm.
Now suppose the compass hand of the torpedo was set as before explained to N.E.
by N. and the torpedo launched, no matter in what direction, the right pin will come
in contact with the right or starboard wires causing the starboard electro magnet to
gear the wheels with the propeller shaft and horizontal wheel. The helm will there-
fore be starboarded until the torpedo changes its course to N.W. by N. when as the
north point of the compass will be pointing along the magnetic meridian the pins will
cease to touch the arm or hand consequently the electro magnet will cease to act and
the corresponding arm will be drawn away by its connected spiral spring. The
horizontal wheel, being then free to move, will turn back to its normal position, that is
so as to have the rudder exactly on a line with the axis of the torpedo and the torpedo.
will move on a straight line in the course given it..
Should however the object vessel alter its course, one tap on the button, connecting
the directing escapements will alter the course of the torpedo one degree so that any
change can be met. The wire on the drum pays out as the torpedo, moves so that it
will not in any way retard the progress of the latter.
In using the above described mechanisms and electric connections we claim the
right to operate the escapement connected with the compass hand by direct electric
power without the spiral spring. That is we operate the escapement, lever by either

page_text: reversing the current in the electro magnet and having the tongue of the escapement
lever between the poles of such magnet, or by using a current in one direction and
bringing back the escapement lever by a spiral spring.
Other arrangements of mechanism electrically operated or controlled and connected
by a conducting wire with a directing ship or station may however be employed to
operate the compass hand without departing from the peculiar character of this part
of our invention.
As a modification of the apparatus for giving motion to the rudder wheel wo may
use two shafts mounted on separate pivots and acted upon at their upper ends each by an
electro magnet and spring so that when the circuit is completed either of said shafts
may be attracted to its magnet in order to bring a toothed wheel on said shaft into
gear with the worm or screw before mentioned. Each of said shafts at, or near its
lower end carries a grooved wheel, around and from which a cord or connection is
passed to the rudder wheel.
In connection with the above described compass, escapement, and electrical
connections, and for the purpose of ascertaining the exact location of torpedoes from
time to time after their being launched or discharged, we use a circular table,
preferably about three feet in diameter, upon which an enlarged face of a compass is
marked, the radiating degree lines being drawn from the centre to the edge. This
compass face is drawn to any desired scale, that is, the radiating lines represent
distance lines on any required scale of feet or yards, such as, say 200 yards
This scale would make the distance between the centre and the edge of the table
compass represent 3,600 yards. We also use a disc of glass, mica or other transparent
substance, preferably about one foot in diameter, upon which is marked the face of a
compass, the degree lines radiating from the centre. This disc is moveable and can be
adjusted to any portion of the table compass in the following manner.
1 inch.
The centre of the table compass card always represents the position of the station or
vessel from which the torpedo is launched. When the sighting rod or telescope is
directed toward the object vessel and the course set on the torpedo compass and station
directing compass, the approximate distance of the object vessel is marked on the
table compass by a pin. The torpedo moves upon the course set, and, as its rate of
progress is known its position can always be estimated upon the table card by applying
the distance run to the scale on the radiating lines. The disc before described is placed
with its centre on the pin marking the object vessel and its radiating lines are brought
so as to correspond with those of the table card. It now becomes apparent that if a
line were drawn from the estimated position of the torpedo through the centre of the
dise the radiating line on the disc corresponding with the line so drawn would indicate
the compass position of the torpedo as calculated from the object vessel. Should the
object vessel remain stationary that direction would be represented by a line from the
centre of the table card to the centre of the disc, or the prolongation of the same
degree lines of both cards. If, however, the object vessel moved, upon the disc being
changed to the new position, the line drawn from the centre of it to the position of the
torpedo would give the direction it would be necessary to change the torpedo to in
order to make it follow the object vessel's movement. The new direction is then
set upon
the torpedo in the manner before set forth, as are all such changes necessary
to bring the torpedo in contact with the object vessel. Thus, no matter how the object
vessel may change her position, the torpedo can be made to follow her.
To render the torpedo capable of being kept at any required distance beneath the
surface, we place a horizontal fin at each side, midway between the nose and the tail.
These fins are secured in the centre to a shaft which passes through the torpedo so that
they can be moved to form any desired angle with the axis of the torpedo. To the
shaft is secured a beam lever, extending fore and aft so that if the front portion of
the said lever is depressed, the front half of the fins are also depressed and cause the
torpedo to descend by reason of the force of the water acting on the inclined fins. On
the other hand, when the rear portion of the beam lever is depressed the fins will
assume such an angle with the horizontal that the water, acting upon the lower surface,
will cause the torpedo to ascend upon a gradual incline.

page_text: '
To the front portion of the said beam lever we hinge a vertical rod which moves
freely up and down within certain limits. Outside this rod, or in any other suitable
connection with it, we place a spiral or other spring capable of being set to exert any
desired pressure upon the front portion of the said beam lever, by a key or other
suitable mechanism. To the end of the rear portion of the beam lever we secure
another vertical rod by a hinge. The upper end of this rod is secured by a hinge to
the plunger of a cylinder of, say from four to six inches diameter, and, say about six
to twelve inches long. The top of said plunger is convex, and, when the fins are
perfectly parallel with the axis of the torpedo it is flush with the outer skin on the
back of the torpedo. But, even when the front portion of the beam lever is depressed
the convex surface of the plunger will not exert any retarding influence on the progress
of the torpedo....
The operation of the above mechanisin connected with the side fins is as follows.
Suppose the area of the plunger represents one fifth of a square foot and the torpedo
were required to keep at, say thirty feet below the surface.
A pressure of 384 lbs.
is placed upon the spring on the front end of the beam lever and consequently the
front of the fins will be depressed to the limit they can reach. The torpedo when
discharged will, in moving forward cause the water to act on the upper surface of the.
fins and as they are at an angle with tlie horizontal, the torpedo will gradually descend.
Now, as the pressure of the water on every part of the torpedo will increase with the
depth, the pressure exerted at the depth of 30 feet, upon the upper portion of the
plunger connected with the rear portion of the beam lever will be 30 × 64 ÷ 5 = 384,
consequently the pressure on the plunger will equal that on the spring and the fins
will be brought into a horizontal position so that the torpedo will neither ascend or
descend. If it descends lower the fins will be depressed in the rear and the torpedo
will rise and if its ascends the fins will assume the position first described and cause it
to descend,
For, the propulsion of torpedoes we utilize the drum or drums referred to in the
foregoing description of the steering apparatus, as having the insulated copper wire
coiled upon it or them in the following manner.
Upon the axis or axes of the drum or drums we place a cog wheel of suitable size.
To this cog wheel, which is bevelled, we gear another cog wheel also bevelled so that
they revolve at right angles with one another. The latter cog wheel or wheels is or
are secured to a shaft or shafts which are placed parallel with the axis of the torpedo.
The shaft or shafts is or are prolonged so that its end or their ends is or are opposite
to the end of the propeller shaft before mentioned. Upon the propeller shaft is a wheel
having teeth so that a cog wheel or cog wheels secured to the end or ends of the shaft
or shafts opposite such toothed wheel will gear into it. In using two drums and two
shafts we carry the insulated wire from the top of one drum through the internal shaft
as before explained while the insulated wire from the other drum is carried from the
bottom. This is done to give a reversed motion of the drums so that the cog wheels
and shafts will transfer the power from the revolving drums in such a manner that
they will tend to revolve the toothed wheel secured to the shaft in one direction. The
use of drums for propelling torpedoes by unwinding wire or cord therefrom is not new
but according to our invention we use said lines of wire for the purpose of electrical
connection between the station and the torpedo.
The foregoing mechanism connected with the drum or drums is intended to operate
as follows.
Upon the discharging vessel or at the discharging station is placed a large wheel of
suitable dimensions, having a groove or grooves on its periphery to hold the wire or
wires as it or they is or are wound in. The end or ends of the wire or wires led
through the internal shaft of the propeller is or are connected with the axle of the
large wheel and thence to the battery and electro magnet escapements before
mentioned as operating the synchronous escapements in connection with the discharging
ship's and torpedoe's compasses so that when the operation of winding in the line is
going on the electric connections are unimpaired.
To propel the torpedo the large wheel before-mentioned is set in motion and as it

page_text: winds in the line it causes the drums in the torpedo to revolve. This motion is trans-
ferred to the propeller shaft through the toothed wheel and cogs on the shaft so that
the propeller is caused to revolve and force the torpedo ahead. We also use the
above described drum or drums to propel the torpedo or vessel in the following
manner. We place in connection with the cog wheel or wheels on the drum or drums
two horizontal paddle wheels so constructed that one half of such paddle wheels
extend on either side of the torpedo, the other halves being covered by casing so as
not to come in contact with the water. That is, the outside half of each paddle wheel
will act to propel the torpedo but the other halves will revolve within the casing, the
vertical axis of each wheel being just inside the side of the torpedo. We also use the
paddle wheels revolving at each side vertically as in a paddle steamer, the upper half
being securely cased or we place them in cases within the torpedo so that the paddles
extend say about a foot below the bottom of the torpedo. We also use the above
described incelmanism for propelling in connection with an electric dynamo or dynamos
the current being supplied through the insulated wire or wires coiled upon the drum
or drums as before described.
The fourth part of our invention relates to apparatus for overcoming the netting
defences of war ships, which is as follows.
To the back of the torpedo midway between the nose and the centre thereof we
secure a strong line of sufficient length. The other end of the said line is secured to
a fish or other shaped float so arranged that when the torpedo is moving through the
water, the float will move parallel with, and above it, the distance allowed by the line.
The said float is provided with a harpoon head so that if it comes in contact with the
netting defence of a war ship it will attach itself thereto and as the line will not permit
the torpedo to move ahead it will cause it to describe a circle upwards the radius of
which will be limited by the length of the line. The said float is housed upon the
back of the torpedo in such a manner that when the latter is launched the float will
immediately take up its position and continue to move parallel with the torpedo. The
tendency of the float will be slightly toward the surface but this will be counteracted
by the mechanism for keeping the torpedo at a certain depth.
Dated this 28th day of September 1887.
JAMES O'KELLY.
BERNARD A. COLLINS.
By Harris & Mills,
23, Southampton Buildings,
Agents.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Torpedoes and in Apparatus Connected therewith.
We, JAMES O'KELLY of 65 Bessborough Street, in the County of Middlesex, Journalist
and Member of Parliament and BERNARD AMBROSE COLLINS of 26 Machell Road,
Nunhead in the County of Surrey, Meteorologist, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement
Our improvements in torpedoes and in apparatus connected therewith relate, Firstly,
to means whereby torpedoes are rendered capable of being steered toward any object
after they have been discharged, notwithstanding the fact that they are beneath the
surface of the water and give no visible indication of their position, and whereby
the course of torpedoes can be changed. from time to time so as to cause them to
follow any moving object until they strike it.
Secondly, to means for causing torpedoes to remain at any previously determined
depth of immersion in the water.
Thirdly, to the employment of the same wire for mechanically giving motion to
the propelling apparatus of a torpedo, and for electrically connecting the steering
apparatus of the torpedo with that at the discharging vessel or station, and
Fourthly, to improvements in means for causing torpedoes, on their encountering
netting defences, to pass under such defences and effectually strike the object
aimed at..
And in order that our said invention may be clearly understood and readily carried
into effect we will proceed aided by the accompanying drawings fully to describe the
same.
Figure 1 (divided into two parts) represents a longitudinal vertical section of a
torpedo showing our invention applied thereto.
Figures 2 and 3 represent respectively portions of an enlarged longitudinal vertical
section and a cross section of the steering gear shown in Figure 1.
Figure 4 is an enlarged longitudinal vertical section of the compass mechanism and
the propelling mechanism shown in Figure 1.
Figure 5 is an enlarged plan of the compass mechanism and some parts of the
propelling mechanism shown in Figure 1..
Figures 6 and 7 represent modifications of the compass escapement mechanism.
Figure 8 represents an enlarged plan of the driving mechanism shown in
Figure 1.
Figures 9 and 10 are respectively a vertical cross section and a plan of a modified
form of steering gear.
Figures 11 and 12 are respectively an enlarged vertical longitudinal section and a
plan of the apparatus, represented at Figure 1, for regulating the depth of immersion
of the torpedo and Figure 13 is a vertical section showing a slight modification of part
of Figure 11.
Figure 14 is a plan of apparatus employed at a discharging station to enable the
position of a torpedo to be ascertained at any part of its course.

page_text: Figures 15 and 16 are respectively a longitudinal section and a cross section or
another construction of torpedo propelling means.
Figure 17 is a modification of the arrangement shown at Figures 15 and 16 and
Figures 18 and 19 represent another modification.
Figure 20 represents the improved mechanism for attaching the torpedo to the
netting defences and Figure 21 is an enlarged side view of part of the apparatus shown
at Figure 20, and
Figure 22 is a diagram representing a torpedo, such as that shown at Figure 1,
attached by a float to the netting defences of a ship and showing the way in which it
passes underneath such defences and attacks the bottom of the ship..
In all the figures like parts are marked with similar letters and figures of
reference.
In carrying out the first part of our invention we place in one of the compartments
or chambers of the torpedo, preferably the centre one A, a dry ship compass a, upon
the card a of which is secured a light vulcanite circle a². To this circle a², the out-
side edge of which is just inside tho point and degree marks, so that they can be
readily seen, we secure two vertical silver or copper pins a³, a, one preferably one
degree east and the other preferably one degree west of the north point of the compass,.
thus leaving a space of two degrees between them.
Immediately over the centre of the compass a we place a vertical shaft b, which
carries an arm or hand b' on its lower end, about one half an inch from the face of the
compass a in such a manner that when the said vertical shaft b revolves on its axis the
arm or hand will be capable of passing over the face of the compass, just as does the
hand of a clock, describing a complete circle.
The arm or hand is conveniently one eight of an inch thick, and about half an inch
wide, and is carried with its edges in a vertical plane. It is composed of vulcanite,
ivory, glass, or other suitable non-conducting substance.
On each side of the arm or hand are secured two silver or copper contact
wires 63, 63, which are perfectly insulated from one another; but the two on either
side are capable of being electrically connected, as will now be described.
The arm or hand is placed between the two vertical pins a³, a^.
It is evident
that if the arm or hand 6 points towards the magnetic north, the pins a³, a', will be
cquidistant from it, as they are each one degree from the north point of the compass.
On the other hand, if the arm or hand b¹ is turned toward, say, the N.N.E., when between
the two vertical pins a³, a', the effort of the compass a to regain its normal position, that
is, with its north point pointing towards the magnetic north, will cause the pin a³ on
the right or eastern side to press against the side of the arm or hand ', so that the two
contact wires 62 on that side will be electrically connected by the said pin a³ pressing
against them. In like manner, if the arm or hand b' be turned so as to point toward
the N.N.W., the pin a' on the left or western side will press against the two wires b³
on the left side of the arm or hand b¹. It is therefore apparent that if the arm or
hand be pointed to any direction between north and south, on the eastern semicircle,
the vertical pin a³ will come in contact with the wires, 62 on the right side of the arm
or hand 6, and when directed to any point on the western semicircle the vertical
pin at will come in contact with the two wires 63 on the left side.
The mechanism we prefer to employ for controlling the direction and movements of
the vertical shaft b is as follows: The said shaft 6 has upon it a large wheel 64 provided
with 360 teeth on its periphery, or one tooth for each degree of the circle.
This wheel 6 is geared by another wheel 6, of like diameter, to a pinion c¹ on a
shaft c.
To the said pinion shaft ċ are secured an escapement wheel c² and a pinion c³,
which is driven by a wheel c¹ on the shaft c of a spiral spring c, so that when the
spiral spring is wound up in the ordinary way, by a key at the top of the pinion
shaft and set free, the motion of the said shaft is transferred to the shaft c, thence
to the intermediate wheel by the pinion c, and thence to the wheel *, thereby.
causing the vertical shaft to revolve on its axis and, consequently, the arm or
hand to move over the face of the compass like the hand of a clock.
Now as the wheels c³, 65, 6, would revolve as long the spiral spring c had power,
B

page_text: if unchecked, we control their motion by placing an escapement lever d in connection
with the escapement wheel c², so that the latter can only move forward one tooth at a
time, as in all escapement movements; and we control the movement of the said
escapement lever in the following manner. A small chock or break e is placed at the
side or end of the escapement lever d, and it is connected by a rod e¹, working in
suitable guides, with a small flat piece of soft iron which forms the armature of an
electro-magnet e³, so that when the said magnet es is charged it draws the armature e
to it, and consequently the chock or break e is withdrawn from the escapement lever d,
thus allowing the latter to act freely; and when the magnet e³ is discharged, or has
no current passing through it, the rod eis drawn forward again by the spiral spring e.
To operate the electro magnet e we place an electric battery e* of any desired power
in a convenient part of the chamber A, or if desired in the last or stern chamber B.
This battery es is connected as follows. From one pole a.wire e leads to one pole of
the electro magnet e³, and from the other pole of the battery a wire e' is led to the axle
of a drum or reel f, whereon we coil from three to five miles of insulated copper wire f.
The connection of the wire e' with the wire f¹ is inade by passing the end of the
latter wire through the hollow axle of the drum or reel to the side where it is joined.
to the battery wire e', either by a brush or by a swivel joint, as will be well under-
stood. The drum or reelf is made of wood, vulcanite, or any other suitable non-
conducting substance, as are also all the parts of the escapement mechanism above
described, excepting of course, the electro magnet e and armature e², in order that the
sensitiveness of the compass may not be disturbed. The other end of the wire f¹ is
passed through a boring formed longitudinally through the internal shaft, upon which
the propellor shaft works, or through a central tube fixed within the torpedo when other
propelling means are employed, so that its end may, when desired, be secured on board
the vessel or station from which the torpedo is discharged for purposes which will be
explained further on.
That pole of the magnet es not connected with the battery e³ is connected by wire e
with the outer skin of the torpedo, so as to obtain "earth" through the water in which
the torpedo is submerged.
We also operate the above described escapement and electro magnet e³ without
using an electric battery within the torpedo by having the battery on the discharging
ship or station, and sending the current through the wire f", or we use both batteries,
making the battery e in the torpedo a relay battery to augment, the current sent
from the battery on the discharging vessel or station.
The above described mechanism and electrical connections are for the purpose of
enabling the course of the torpedo to be directed at any desired time; and their
operation is as follows :-
:-
.
Upon the vessel or station from which the torpedo is to be discharged we place a
compass, escapement, gearing, and connections, similar in every way to those in the
torpedo. The arm or hand over the ship's or station compass points exactly in the
same direction as the hand or arm over the compass a in the torpedo, and as
the wheels and escapements connected with both hands are exactly the same; the arms
or hands will move in unison when they are both set free, and as their movement will
be synchronous they will point always in the same direction, no matter what part of
the dial is indicated.
The compass, hand, and escapement are controlled by an electro inagnet on the
discharging vessel or station, just as are the compass hand-and escapement -in- the
torpedo, so that when the end of the insulated wire f¹ from the torpedo is brought in
contact with one of the poles of the electro-magnet on the discharging. vessel or station
the circuit will be closed, that is, the current will pass along the wire f¹ to and over
the drum or reelf to the electro magnet e³ in the torpedo, and thence through the
"earth" to the electro-magnet on the discharging vessel or station. Thus it will be
seen that the two electro-magnets will release the escapement levers at the same instant,
and consequently the escapements, both on the torpedo and discharging vessel or
station, will operate synchronously, and will move the hands or arms & equally around
the face of both compasses.

page_text: When contact is broken the breaks or chocks e will stop the movements of both
escapements, so that the arms. or hands will rest pointing in exactly the same
direction.
Now, in connection with the above described mechanism, we use the apparatus.
described with reference to figure 14.. On board the discharging vessel we use
another ship compass, which is perfectly free to act, whilst at a fixed station a fixed
compass card may be used. Above it, however, we centre a horizontal rod (not shown)
on a pivot so that it can be directed to any part of the horizon.
This rod, or it may be a telescope, has cross hairs at both ends, so that an object
can be seen by placing the eye at one end of it.. This rod we call the "sighting
rod," and it is for the purpose of obtaining the magnetic direction of any object on the
horizon.
We will now describe its use in connection with the foregoing directing
mechanism.
The sighting rod is directed, toward, say, a vessel. When she is cut by the cross
hairs the compass underneath shows exactly the magnetic direction in which the
"sighting rod "lies, and consequently the direction of the object vessel.
For instance, suppose it to point toward the north-west by north; by pressing a
button, by which we close the circuit, as before described, the chocks or breaks e aro
withdrawn from the escapement levers of both the torpedo's and discharging vessel's
compass mechanism, and the arms or hands over both. compasses will move round
until they force the north points of the compasses to the north-east by north (the
opposite direction to that given by the free compass). Now it will be seen that when
the north point of the torpedo's compass points to north-east by north, the north-west
by north point will be directly in a line with the axis of the torpedo ; hence the
torpedo would have to be turned round 33° 45" towards the west before the compass
would point to the north freely and the pin a³ be released from contact with the side
of the arm or hand .
We will now proceed to show how we accomplish the changing of direction of the
torpedo so as to follow any course set, as above.
The arm or hand b, as before described, carries on its sides the two sets of contact
wires 2. These two sets of wires are called the "port" and "starboard" wires
respectively, and are carried to the stern chamber B, where they are connected as
follows: One of the port wires is connected with one pole of a storage or chemical
battery, while the other is connected with one pole of an electro-magnet i. The
other pole of the battery h is connected with the opposite pole of the electro-magnet i
by a wire h this is on the port side. The other wires are similarly connected
with another battery * and electro magnet i* on the starboard side. It will be seen
that if the left pin at on the compass comes in contact with the wires on the left or
port side of the arm or hand the circuit will be closed, and the port battery / and
connected electro magnet i will operate. In like manner if the other pin a³ comes
in contact with the wires on the right side of the arm or hand the circuit will be
closed, and the battery * and electro magnet i* on the starboard side will operate.
Over the propellor shaft in the stern chamber B (see figures 1, 2, and 3) we hinge
two arms j,j, to a support j', so that they form an angle with each other, and extend
downwards to each side, so that their lower ends come opposite the "port" and
starboard electro magnets i, i*, respectively. These ends are formed into oblong
shape, and faced with blocks of soft iron so as to act as armatures for the electro
magnets before described, and are held away from said magnets by spiral springs j³.
Upon the said arms j. j* we place outer shafts j', which carry two wheels, each.
These wheels are so arranged that when the electro-magnet on one side draws the arm
towards it, one wheel will gear into a worm or screw on the propellor shaft k and
the other into a horizontal wheel 1, to.be hereafter described. In the same manner
the electro-magnet on the other side will cause similar wheels j³, to be drawn to the
propellor shaft and horizontal wheel 1.
The wheel is placed horizontally under the propellor shaft k, loosely, upon a
bearing, so that it can move in any direction horizontally.

page_text: On the upper portion of its periphery we form bevelled teeth, so that it can be
geared with the lower wheel j on either arm j. j* when the upper wheel is geared
with the worm or screw ¹ on the propellor shaft k by the magnet i or i* drawing the
arm toward it.
The edge or r periphery of the horizontal wheel is grooved so as to hold one or more
turns of a chain or wire line m. This line m is carried underneath the outer shield or
shaft to the rudder wheel n¹, around which it is turned one or more times. This
rudder wheel n is firmly secured to the head of the rudder post n, so that when it
turns the rudder will also turn.
The operation of the above described mechanism and electric connections is as
follows:
Suppose the propellor shaft is revolving, and that the left pin a' on the compass
comes in contact with the left or port wires 63 on the arm or hand b₁, the circuit will
be closed for the port battery h, and the electro-magnet i will draw down the arm j¹
toward it.
The wheels, on said arm are thereby brought into gear with the worm or
screw and the bevelled teeth of the horizontal wheel respectively, with the result
that power will be transferred from the propellor shaft k to the horizontal wheel 4, so
as to cause it to rotate.
The chain or line m from the horizontal wheel I will communicate the same move-
ment to the rudder wheel n', so that the helm will be ported until the arm or hand 1
ceases to touch the left pin a. In a similar way the contact between the right or
starboard wires 62 and the right pin a³ will cause the starboard battery * and electro
magnet to act, and the wheels j³, jª on that side will cause the horizontal wheel 7
to rotate in the opposite direction, so as to starboard the helm..
Now suppose the compass hand 61 of the torpedo were set as before explained, to
north-cast by north, and the torpedo launched, no matter in what direction, the right
pin a will come in contact with the right or starboard wires 62, causing the starboard
electro-magnet i* to gear the wheels, with the worm on the propellor shaft k
and with the horizontal wheel . The helm will therefore be starboarded until the
torpedo changes its course to north-west by north, when, as the north point of the
compass will be pointing along the magnetic meridian, the pin a³ will cease to touch
the arm or hand, which latter will then stand centrally between the two pins,
consequently the electro-magnet * will cease to act and the corresponding arm will
be drawn away by its connected spiral spring. The horizontal wheel being then
free to move, will turn back to its normal position, that is, so as to have the rudder
exactly on a line with the axis of the torpedo, and the latter will move on a straight
line in the course given it..
Should however the object vessel alter its course, one tap on the button connecting
the directing escapements will alter the course of the torpedo one dégree, so that any
change can be met. The wire on the drum or reel pays out as the torpedo
moves, so that it will not in any way retard the progress of the latter.
In using the above described mechanism and electric connections we claim the
right to operate the escapement lever d by direct electric power, without using the
spiral spring. That is, we operate the escapement lever d by either reversing
the current in the electro-magnet e³, and having the tongue of the escapement lever a
between the poles of such magnet as represented at Figure 6, or by using a current
to operate the escapement lever in one direction, and bringing it back by a spiral
spring as represented at figure 7.
Other arrangements of mechanism electrically operated or controlled and connected
by a conducting wire with a directing ship or station, may, however, be employed
to operate the compass hand or arm b₁ without departing from the peculiar character
of this part of our invention.
As a modification of the apparatus for giving motion to the rudder wheel, we may
use the modification represented at figures 9 and 10, in which we use two shafts
mounted on arms j. j* separately pivotted at their lower ends and acted upon at their
upper ends each by an electro-magnet i or i* and spiral spring j³, so that when the

page_text: circuit is completed either of said arms j. j* may be attracted to its magnet in order
to bring a toothed wheel on said shaft into gear with the worm or screw & before
mentioned. Each of said shafts j, at or near its lower end carries a grooved
wheel, around and from which a cord or connection m is passed to the rudder
wheel n¹.
In connection with the above described compass, escapement, and electrical connec-
tions, and for the purpose of ascertaining the exact location of torpedoes from timo
to tinie after their being launched or discharged, we use a circular table X, as
represented at figure 14, preferably about three feet in diameter, upon which an
enlarged face of a compass is marked, the radiating degree lines being drawn from
the centre to the edge. This compass face is drawn to any desired scale, that is, the
radiating lines represent distance lines on any required scale, of feet or yards, such
as, say, 400 yards to the inch. This scale would make the distance between the
centre and the edge of the table compass X represent 2,400 yards. We also use a
disc g of glass, mica, or other transparent substance, preferably about one foot in
diameter, upon which is marked the face of a compass, the degree lines radiating
from the centre. This disc is movable, and can be adjusted to any portion of the
table compass X in the following manner:-
The centre of the table compass card X always represents the position of-the station
or vessel from which the torpedo is launched.
When the "sighting rod" or telescope is directed toward the object vessel, and
the course set on the torpedo compass and station directing compass the approxi-
mate distance of the object vessel is marked on the table compass by a pin. The
torpedo moves upon the course set, and as its rate of progress is known, its position
can always be estimated upon the table card by applying the distance run to the
scale on the radiating lines. The disc before described is placed with its centre on
the pin marking the object vessel, and its radiating lines are brought so as to corre-
spond with those of the table card. It now becomes apparent that if a line were
drawn from the estimated position of the torpedo, through the centre of the disc, the
radiating line on the disc corresponding with the line so drawn would indicate the
compass position of the torpedo as calculated from the object vessel.
Should the vessel remain stationary, that direction would be represented by a line
from the centre of the table card X to the centre of the disc, or the prolongation of
the same degree lines of both cards. If, however, the object vessel moved, upon the
disc being changed to the new position the line drawn from the centre of it to the
position of the torpedo would give the direction it would be necessary to change
the torpedo to in order to make it follow the object vessel's movement. The new
direction is then set upon the torpedo in the manner before set forth, as are all such
changes necessary to bring the torpedo into contact with the object vessel. Thus, no
matter how the object vessel may change her position, the torpedo can be made to
follow her.
To render the torpedo capable of being kept at any required distance beneath the
surface of the water, we, according to the second part of our invention, fix thereto a
horizontal fin o at each side of the torpedo, midway between the nose and the tail, or
in other suitable position.
These fins o are secured at their centres to a shaft o, which passes through the
torpedo, so that they can be moved to form any desired angle with the axis of the
torpedo.
To the shaft o is secured a beam lever o², extending fore and aft of such shaft, so
that if the front portion of said lever o³ is depressed the front half of the fins o¹ will
also be depressed, and cause the torpedo to descend by reason of the force of the
water acting on the upper surface of the inclined fins.
On the other hand, when the rear portion of the beam lever o² is depressed the
fins o will assume such an angle with the horizontal that the water acting upon
the lower surface of the fins will cause the torpedo to ascend upon a gradual incline.
To the front portion of the said beam lever o' we hinge a vertical rod o³, which moves
freely up and down within certain limits in a tube o*.

page_text: Outside this rod o³ or in any other suitable connection with it, we place a spiral or
other spring capable of being set to exert any desired pressure upon the front
portion of the said beam lever 02 by a screw of operated by a key or other suitable
imechanism. To the end of the rear portion of the said beam lever o² we secure
another vertical rod o' by a hinge.
The upper end of this rod of is secured by a hinge to the plunger of of a
cylinder of, say, from four to six inches diameter and of suitable depth. The top
of said plunger os is convex, and when the fins o' are perfectly parallel with the axis
of the torpedo it is flush with the outer skin on the back of the torpedo. But even.
when the front portion of the beam lever o² is depressed the convex surface of the
plunger o8 will not exert any retarding influence on the progress of the torpedo.
At figure 11 the vertical rod o³ is shown hinged to the beam lever o² and to work
in the tubular screw of, the lower end of which latter acts to regulate the pressure on
the spring o; but in the modification represented at Figure 13 the vertical rod o³ is
disconnected from the beam lever o², and is fitted with the screw o³, whilst it has
formed on it a boss or flange which acts to adjust the pressure on the spring o
.
The plunger o is covered with a waterproof elastic cover o10, which, whilst allowing.
the pressure of the water on the plunger 08, will effectually exclude the water from
the chamber D containing said apparatus.
The operation of the above mechanism connected with the side fins o¹ is as
follows:-
Suppose the area of the plunger 08 represents one-fifth of a square foot, and the
torpedo were required to keep at, say, thirty feet below the surface of the water, a
pressure of 384 lbs. is placed upon the spring of on the front end of the beam lever o²,
and consequently the front of the fins will be depressed to the limit they can reach.
The torpedo when discharged will, in moving forward, cause the water to act on the
upper surface of the fins o¹, and as they are at a descending angle with the horizontal
the torpedo will gradually descend. Now, as the pressure of the water on every part of
the torpedo will increase with the depth to which the torpedo descends, the pressure
exerted at, for example, the depth of thirty feet upon the upper portion of the
plunger will be 30 x 645 384, consequently the pressure on the plunger
will equal that on the spring 0, and the fins o' will be brought into a horizontal
position, so that the torpedo will neither ascend nor descend. If from any accidental
cause it descends lower, the fins will be depressed in the rear, and the torpedo will
rise; and if it ascends, the fins will assume the position first described, and cause, it
to descend.
=
For the propulsion of torpedoes we utilise the drum referred to in the foregoing
description of the steering apparatus, as having the insulated copper wire f1 coiled
upon it in the following manner.
Our first arrangement is represented at the lower part of figure 1, and in figures 4,5
and 8. Upon the axis of the drum f we place a bevelled toothed wheel of suitable
size. To this wheel we gear another bevelled wheel 3, so that they revolve at right
angles with each other. The bevelled wheel f³ is fixed on a shaft placed parallel
with the axis of the torpedo, and being of such a length as to come opposite the inner
end of the propellor shaft k. Upon the propellor shaft k is fixed a toothed wheel k²,
so that a toothed pinion f³, fixed on the end of the shaft, will gear into it.
We may use two drums, shafts f, and connected gearing in such case we carry
the insulated wire-f' from the top of one drum through the internal shaft, as before
explained, while the insulated wire f from the other drum is carried from the bottom,
and thence through the internal shaft. This is done to give a reversed motion of the
drums, so that the toothed wheels and shafts will transfer the power from the revolving
drums in sucli a manner that they will tend to revolve the toothed wheel ³ on the
propellor shaft in the same direction.
The use of drums for propelling torpedoes by unwinding wire or cord therefrom
is not new, but, according to the third part of our invention, we use said lines of
wire for the additional purpose of electrical connections between the steering gear
at the discharging vessel or station and the steering gear of the torpedo.

page_text: The foregoing mechanism connected with the drum or drums is intended to operate
as follows:
Upon the discharging vessel or at. the discharging station is placed a large wheel
of suitable dimensions. having a groove or grooves in its periphery to hold the wires
or wires as it or they is or are wound in: The end or ends of the wire or wires "¹.is
or are connected with the axle of the large wheel, and thence to the battery and
electro magnet escapements before mentioned as operating the synchronous escape-
ments in connection with the discharging ship's and torpedo's compasses, so that
when the operation of winding in the line is going on the electric connections are
unimpared.
To propel the torpedo the large wheel before mentioned is set in motion, and as it
winds in the line fit causes the drum or drums in the torpedo to revolve. This
motion is transferred to the propellor shaft through the gearing before described, so
that the propellor is caused to revolve and force the torpedo ahead. We also use the
drum or drums to propel the torpedo in the following manner, as represented at
figures 15 and 16; We place a bevelled toothed wheel on each end of the drums,
and we communicate motion therefrom by bevelled wheels, shafts f, and bevelled
pinions, to bevelled wheels fixed on the ends of horizontal paddle wheels
mounted in casings or chambers formed in the sides of the torpedo that a portion of
such paddle wheels .extends on either side of the torpedo, the other parts being
enclosed in the casings or chambers, so as not to come into contact with the water.
That is, the outside part of each paddle wheel will act to propel the torpedo, but
the other parts will revolve within the casings or chambers.
so
At figure 17, which is a plan view, we have represented the paddle wheels k+ to be
driven by endless bands or chains from wheels fixed on the axis of the drum f
We also use the paddle wheels revolving at each side of the torpedo vertically, as
in a paddle steamer, the upper part being securely eased, or we place them in cases
within the torpedo as represented at figures 18 and 19, so that the paddles extend
the required distance below the bottom of the torpedo. In this case spur pinions f
are fixed one on each end of the drun, which pinions gear directly into spur
wheels fixed on the axis of the paddle wheels & We also use the above described
paddle wheels in connection with a motor within the torpedo and an electric dyramo
or dynamos upon the discharging vessel or station, the current being supplied through
the insulated wire or wires fi coiled upon the drum or drums f..
We would here remark that, although we have described several arrangements for.
propelling torpedoes, we do not claim any of such arrangements excopt so far as
regards the propelling wire which is also used as an electric conductor between the
steering gear of the discharging ship or station and that of the torpedo.
According to the fourth part of our invention, which is represented at figures 20
and 21, we connect a line p of sufficient length at one end to the back of the torpedo,
about midway between the nose and the centre thereof; the other end of this line is
secured to a fish or other shaped float q, so arranged that when the torpedo is moving
through the water the float q will move parallel with and above it the distance
allowed by the line p.
The said float q is provided with fixed fins q¹, q², q3 and with a harpoon head g, so
that if it comes in contact with the netting defence of a war ship it will attach itself
thereto; and as the line p will not permit the torpedo to move ahead it will cause it
to describe a circle upwards towards the vessel's bottom, the radius of which circle will
be limited by the length of the line.
The said Hoat g is housed upon the back of the torpedo by means of a steady pin,
as shown, in such manner that when the torpedo is launched the float will
immediately be released from such steady pin and take up its position and continue
to move parallel with the torpedo. The tendency of the float g. will be slightly
toward the surface, but this will be counteracted and the depth of its immersion
regulated by the depth-regulating mechanism of the torpedo.
At Figure 22 is shown the above described apparatus attached to the netting
defences of a ship and in the act of attacking the ship's bottom.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is :-
:-
1. The combination with a torpedo, of steering mechanism controlled from the
launching vessel or station, of mechanism for regulating the depth of immersion, and
of mechanism for enabling it to overcome the netting defences of a war ship,
substantially as herein shown and described.
2. The combination with a torpedo, of a compass card a', non-conducting circle a²,
vertical pins a³, a', axis b, arm b, conducting wires 3, clock work mechanism for
rotating the arin b1, break e, rod el, armature e², electro magnet e³, spring e,
batteries e, h. *, conducting wire f₁, electro-magnets i, i*, arms j. j*, shatts j*,
wheels, worm or screw, wheel, chain, cord or wire m, rudder wheel n', and
steering controlling mechanism on the discharging ship or station connected by the
conducting wire with the above mentioned mechanism of the torpedo, substantially
as herein shown and described.
,
3. In combination with steering mechanism contained within a torpedo, a conducting
wire connected therewith and with mechanism on the discharging ship or station,
consisting of compass card a', hand or arm, axis b, conducting wires 62, 63, clockwork
mechanism for rotating the arm and break apparatus e, e¹, e², e³, et, and e³,
substantially as herein described.
4. In combination with a torpedo, a wire f¹, connecting the torpedo with a
discharging ship or station, and serving the double purpose of a propelling wire and
an electric conducting wire, to connect the steering regulating apparatus on the
discharging ship or station with that in the torpedo, substantially as herein
described.
5. A torpedo provided with means for regulating its depth of immersion, for
enabling it to attach itself to, or make use of, the netting defences of a war ship, and
to pass underneath such netting, and controlled in its motion so as to strike upwards
against the vessel's bottom or over the boom against the vessel's side, substantially
as herein shown and described.
6. The combination with a torpedo of fins o¹, connected to a shaft o, beam lever o³,
regulating spring 0, screw o, plunger o³, and cover o10 substantially as herein shown
and described and for the purpose stated.
7. The combination, with a torpedo of a harpoon-headed float q, provided with fixed
fins q, q, q3 and connected to the torpedo by a strong radius line p, substantially as
herein shown and described and for the purpose stated.
11
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