Improvements in the Manufacture of Paper Cylinders or Tubes for Cartridge and other Manufactures.
Year: 1894

page_text: .
Date of Application, 12th Nov., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 12th Sept., 1895-Accepted, 19th Oct., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Paper Cylinders or Tubes for
Cartridge and other Manufactures.
We, GEORGE KYNOCH AND COMPANY LIMITED, and EDWARD JONES, both
of Lion Works, Witton, in the County of Warwick Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
Our invention relates to the manufacture of paper cylinders or tubes such as are
used for cartridge cases, and our object is to produce such tubes by mechanical
means instead of by hand processes.
Our invention consists of a special machine for making paper tubes of any
diameter or length suitable for cartridge cases or other manufactures.
In accordance with our invention the tubes are made from sheets of paper of a
predetermined width and length according to the dimensions required, or from a
roll of paper cut to the required lengths by the machine itself, and the operations
of the machine consist in feeding in this paper, pasting it on both sides, rolling it
up on a spindle so as to form the tube and automatically releasing the tube so
formed from the spindle when complete.
According to one method of carrying our invention into effect the machine
consists of a strong iron framework carrying the necessary operating mechanism
hereinafter described. The paper is fed in horizontally between two rolls herein-
after described by a reciprocating table feeding one sheet at a time. The table is
of the usual type adopted in printing machinery. About the centre of the machine,
arranged horizontally and parallel with the feed is placed a large roller brush.
This brush revolves with its under portion in a trough of paste. Situated over
this roller brush at different heights but in planes which are all parallel with the
vertical plane passing through the length of the roller brush are a number of
rollers. Round these rollers passes an endless band of india rubber. Three of the
rollers may be of smaller diameters than the roller brush and they may be placed
in one vertical plane above the said brush. The central roller of these three is
covered with felt and forms a pressing and driving roller for the endless india
rubber band. At one side, say the right hand, of the machine and at a suitable
distance are placed the two small feed rolls which take the paper from the recipro-
cating feed table hereinbefore referred to. These two small feed rolls are placed
vertically one above the other and slightly apart. At the other side, say the left
hand, of the machine, and at a suitable distance from the three large rollers is
placed a small guide roller.
On the shafts of the roller brush and felt covered roller suitable driving pulleys.
or gear wheels are placed and so arranged that their direction of rotation is
preferably opposite to each other.
The position of the endless rubber band and its direction of motion is as follows-
Starting underneath the bottom central large roller it passes to the right hand of
the machine underneath upwards and over the outer half periphery of the lower of
the two small feed rolls. It then passes backwards to the left of the machine
between the bottom central roller and the felt covered roller and passes under-
beath, upwards and over the left hand half periphery of this felt covered roll.
It now passes between this felt covered roller and the top central roller, to the

page_text: right upwards and over its right hand half periphery. Continuing it passes
downwards to the left again underneath a rapidly rotating picking up spindle
or mandril hereinafter described, then over, down and underneath the half periphery
of the small guide roller and from thence back to its original starting point. The
central bottom roller is placed at such a distance from the brush roller that the
brush constantly wipes against the under portion of the rubber band, when in
motion. To assist the feed and control the passing of the paper at a certain point
of its travel, a number of endless strips of rubber are used, so placed that they
wrap round the outer half of the upper of the two small feed rollers. The bottom
portion passes along at the same speed and direction parallel with and just touching
the endless rubber band when it is travelling back from the bottom small feed
roller towards the underneath portion of the felt covered roller. These endless
strips of rubber then pass in the same direction as the endless band, and then to
the right over a guide pulley or roller and down over the outward portion of the
small top feed roller to the original starting point.
The operation of the machine to the point at which the tube is actually formed
by the picking up spindle is as follows-The rotating roller brush picks up paste
from the trough and transfers it to the travelling endless rubber band. The
reciprocating feed plate delivers a sheet of paper between the feed rollers which
pick it up and carry it forward, the lower side of the paper comes in contact with
the paste covered rubber. The distance between the bottom of the felt covered
roller and the top of the central bottom roller is such that the rubber and paper
are pressed together by the felt covered roller so as to assist the distribution of the
paste by forcing it into the fibre of the paper. The paper now passes up along
with the india-rubber band, and is prevented from being carried round the felt
covered roller by a thin endless band such as a cord or string carried round the said
felt roller, and running round a guide pulley or roller; this prevents the paper from
being carried back by adhering to the felt and so it passes forward over the top of
the upper central roller down towards the guide roller and pick up spindle iu the
left of the machine. Shortly before the paper reaches this pick up spindle a thin
scraper or knife is placed against the rubber. This knife separates the paper
from the rubber and lifts it up passing it over the knife, after which it falls back
loosely again on the rubber till it reaches the picking up spindle.
The pick up spindle is placed so that the rubber comes in contact with it at the
proper time at a small portion of its periphery, and the circumferential velocity of
this periphery is much greater than the rate of travel of the india-rubber band.
The relative rapid rotation of the spindle rubbing against the paper picks it up
and rolls it together to form the tube. The spindle or mandril is formed in two
halves being joined in the centre by a sliding spigot joint or its mechanical
equivalent, a central hole being formed through to allow of admission of air on
separation of the two halves; and when the number of rotations necessary to form
the tube have been performed a pair of slowly revolving suitably geared and timed
cams actuate levers which give a suitable reciprocating motion to the slides which
carry the separate halves of the spindle and pull the pick up spindle separate into
two parts a sufficient distance to allow the cartridge paper tube to drop down into
a suitable receptacle. Before the separation of the two halves of the mandril the
rubber band is caused to leave contact with the rolled tube by means of a rising
and falling motion imparted to its supporting lever.
Any other convenient mechanical device for separating the pick up spindle at
the proper moment may be employed. We prefer to roughen or flute or groove
the surface of the mandril to give a better grip on the paper.
Sometimes the paper tube adheres more to one half of the spindle than the
other, and therefore travels towards that side along with that portion of the spindle.
To meet this we provide two hollow collars at each end of the spindle. These
collars are loose on the spindle, but are fixed so that no lateral motion of them can
take place; they are also backed with small anti-friction wheels or bali bearings so
that they revolve easily. Thus when the spindle is separated the collars prevent

page_text: lateral movement to one side or another of the tube and allow it to drop clear at
the proper moment.
Dated this 10th day of November 1894.
MARKS & CLERK,
18 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., and
13 Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for the Applicants.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Paper Cylinders or Tubes for
Cartridge and other Manufactures.
We, GEORGE KYNOCH AND COMPANY LIMITED, and EDWARD JONES, both
of Lion Works, Witton, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
Our invention relates to the manufacture of paper cylinders or tubes such as are
used for cartridge cases and our object is to produce such tubes by mechanical
means, instead of by hand processes.
Our invention consists of a special machine for making paper tubes of any
diameter or length suitable for cartridge cases or other manufactures.
of a
paper
In accordance with our invention the tubes are made from sheets of
predetermined width and length according to the dimensions required, or from a
roll of paper cut to the required lengths by the machine itself; and the operations
of the machine consist in feeding in this paper, pasting it on both sides, rolling it
up on a spindle so as to form the tube, and automatically releasing the tube so
formed from the spindle when complete.
One method of carrying our invention into effect is illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of the machine.
Figure 2 is a half plan of the machine.
Figure 3 is a sectional plan on an enlarged scale of the rolling or pickup spindle
upon which the tube is formed.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the machine consists of a strong iron frame-
work A A, carrying the necessary operating mechanism hereinafter described.
The paper is fed in horizontally between two rolls B B', by a reciprocating
table C feeding one sheet at a time. This table C is of the usual type adopted in
printing machinery, and is reciprocated at the proper intervals by the action of
the cam D. bell crank lever E, shown in dotted lines at Figure 1, link F, and
rocking links G G. Any other suitable device may be adopted.
About the centre of the machine, arranged horizontally and parallel with the
feed is placed a large roller brush H. This brush revolves with its under portion
in a trough of paste I. Situated over this roller brush at different heights, but in
planes which are all parallel with the vertical plane passing through the length of
the roller brush are a number of rollers. Three of these rollers shown clearly
in Figure 1, and lettered respectively K, L, M, are placed preferably in one
vertical plane above the roller brush H. The central roller L of the three is
covered with felt or its equivalent and forms a pressing and driving roller for the
india rubber band hereinafter described.
At the right hand side of the machine are placed the two small feed rolls B B',
which take the paper from the reciprocating feed table C hereinbefore referred to.
On the left hand side of the machine and at a suitable distance from the
rollers K, L, M, a small guide roller N is placed.

page_text: On the shafts of the roller brush H and felt covered roller L suitable driving
pulleys or gear wheels are placed and so arranged that the direction of rotation
of and Lare preferably opposite to each other.
The position of the endless rubber band lettered O Figures 1 and 2 is as
follows.
Starting underneath the bottom central large roller K it passes to the right
hand of the machine, underneath, upwards, and over the outer half periphery of
the lower feed roller B. It now passes back between these rollers B B, to the
Jeft of the machine, and comes between the bottom central roller K and the felt
covered roller L. It now passes between this felt covered roller L and the top
central roller M to the right, then upwards and over the right hand half periphery
of the roller M. Continuing it passes downwards to the left again, underneath a
rapidly rotating picking up spindle, or mandril P, hereinafter described, then over,
down and underneath the half periphery of the small guide roller N, and from
thence back to its original starting point. The central bottom roller K is placed
at such a distance from the brush roller H that the brush constantly wipes against
and pastes the under portion of the rubber band O when in motion.
To assist the feed and control the passing of the paper so that it may be kept
always on the rubber band O when passing round the central rollers, a number of
endless strips of rubber Q, Q, Q, are used. These strips are clearly shown in
Figures 1 and 2, and they wrap round the upper feed roller B, and follow the path
of the endless rubber band O to the top right hand side of the central roller M
where the strips turn to the right again and pass back to the upper feed roller B'..
The operation of the machine to the point at which the tube is actually formed
by the picking up spindle P is as follows.-The rotating roller brush H picks up
paste from the trough I, and transfers it to one side of the endless travelling
rubber band O. The reciprocating feed table C delivers a sheet of paper between
the feed rollers B B', which pick it up and carry it forward between the endless
rubber band O and the rubber strips Q, Q, Q, while the lower side of the paper
now comes in contact with the paste covered rubber. The distance between the
bottom of the felt covered roller L and the top of the central bottom roller K is
such that the rubber and paper are pressed together by the felt covered roller so
as to assist the distribution of the paste by forcing it into the fibre of the paper.
The paper now passes up along with the india rubber band O and is prevented
from being caught up and carried round and round the felt covered roller L by
the india rubber bands or strips Q, Q, Q, hereinbefore described. The paper now
passes forward along with the rubber band O over the top roller M, down towards
the guide roller N, and pickup spindle P, and preferably about the position
clearly shown in Figure 1, a thin scraper or knife R is placed against the travelling
rubber band.
This knife R separates the paper from the rubber and lifts it up passing it over
the knife after which it falls back loosely again on the rubber till it reaches the
pickup spindle P; this loosening facilitates the action of the pickup spindle.
The position of the paper in the act of separation from the rubber band O by the
knife R is shown diagramatically by the dotted lines S in Figure 1.
The pickup spindle P is so placed that the rubber band O carrying the loosened
paper comes in contact with it at the proper time and at a small portion of its
periphery, and the circumferential velocity of this periphery is so much greater
than the rate of travel of the band O that the spindle P at ouce picks up the
paper and rolls it together forming a tube. We may use an outer brush T as
illustrated at Figures 1 and 2, or roller to press or finish the tube when it is on the
pickup spindle P, or sometimes we may form the tube without any extra pressure
than that given by the rubber band O. The pickup spindle or mandril P, as shown
more particularly at Figure 3, is formed in two halves being joined in the centre
by a sliding spigot joint U, or similar device, a central hole being formed through
it to allow of admission of air on separation of the two halves and prevent collapse

page_text: of the newly formed paper tube.
When the number of rotations necessary to
form the paper tube have been performed, a pair of slowly revolving and suitably
timed cams V actuate levers W, which give a suitable reciprocating movement to
the sides X (which carry the separate halves of the pickup spindle P) at the
proper moment; thus pulling the pickup spindle separate into two parts a sufficient
distance to allow the cartridge paper tube to drop into a suitable receptacle.
Before the separation of the two halves of the pickup spindle P the rubber band O
is caused to leave contact with the rolled tube by means of a rising and falling
motion imparted to the guide roller N, and supporting levers Y through the action
of suitably timed cams Z.
It is to be noted that only one side of the machine is shown in plan Figure 2, the
other end has the same cams and levers.
Any other convenient mechanical devices for separating the pickup spindle P and
causing the rubber band O to leave contact at the proper times may be employed.
We also prefer to roughen, flute, or groove the pickup spindle P to give a better
grip on the paper.
Sometimes the paper tube adheres more to one half of the pickup spindle than the
other, when separating, and therefore travels towards that side along with that
portion of the spindle. To meet this we provide two hollow collars a, a, at each
end of the spindle P, as clearly shown in Figure 3. These collars a a are loose on
the spindle P, but are fixed or backed so that no lateral motion in the direction in
which the halves of the spindle are withdrawn can take place. They are also
backed with small anti-friction roilers b, b, b, b, or ball bearings so that they revolve
easily. Thus when the spindle P is separated the collars a a prevent lateral
movement to one side or another of the paper tube and allow it to drop clear at
the proper moment.
The pasting on the side of the paper which does not come into contact with the
rubber band O is effected by the felt roller L, which picks up paste from the
band in the intervals between each sheet of paper.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said'
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is.
1. In a machine for the manufacture of paper cylinders or tubes in which paper
is carried by an endless band and rollers to be pasted and rolled up, endless strips
as Q, so arranged as to confine the paper to its proper course substantially as
hereinbefore described reference being had to the accompanying drawings.
2. In a machine for the manufacture of paper cylinders or tubes in which paper
is carried by an endless band and rollers to be pasted and rolled up, a rotating
pickup or rolling up spindle divided so that it can be separated by pulling
longitudinally in order to liberate the tube or cylinder when formed substantially
as herein before described.
3. In a machine for the manufacture of paper cylinders or tubes in which paper
is carried by an endless band and rollers to be pasted and rolled up, a separating
knife to separate the paper from the endless band before the paper comes in contact
with the pickup or rolling up spindle substantially as hereinbefore described.
4. In a machine for the manufacture of paper cylinders or tubes the special
construction of pickup or rolling up spindles as P divided at the middle with a
central air aperture and loose collars at the ends substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to Figure 3 of the accompanying drawings.
5. In a machine for the manufacture of paper cylinders or tubes the arrangement
for pasting both sides of the paper comprising the endless band O the pasting brush
roller H the felt covered roller L, and the rollers D and K, all as herein before
described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
6. The machine for manufacturing paper cylinders or tubes with feed table,
endless rubber band, endless strips pickup or rolling up spindle, separating knife,

page_text: rollers and pasting apparatus, all substantially as hereinbefore described with
reference to the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 11th day of September 1895
MARKS & CLERK,
18 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., and
13 Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for the Applicants.