A HORSE PUMP CALCULATED TO RAISE FROM TEN TO ONE HUNDRED HOGSHEADS PER MINUTE ON THE PRINCIPLE OF A FULCRUM BALANCE WORKED BY A CASTOR WHEEL PERFORMING A DOUBLE ATTRAC- TION IN THE SAME REVOLUTION
Year: 1788

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
TENCATE, of Great Mary-le-bone Street, in the County of Middlesex, Esquire,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Fifth day of May, in the twenty-eighth year of His reign,
did give unto me, the said John Tencate, His especial licence that I, the
said John Tencate, during the term of years therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within that part of the
Kingdom of Great Britain called England, the Dominion of Wales, and Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "A HORSE PUMP CALCULATED TO
RAISE FROM TEN TO ONE HUNDRED HOGSHEADS PER MINUTE ON THE PRINCIPLE OF
A FULCRUM BALANCE WORKED BY A CASTOR WHEEL PERFORMING A DOUBLE ATTRAC-
TION IN THE SAME REVOLUTION;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained
a proviso obliging me, the said John Tencate, under my hand and seal, to
cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and how
the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within one calendar month next after the date of the above-recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same (relation being thereunto had) may more
fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in pursuance of the said proviso, I, the said John
Tencate, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention of a Horse
Pump is on the principle of a Roman balance or a vertical reducing cog wheel,

page_text: having for its component parts wood, iron, brass, and steel, and consisting of
one or two vertical axles; and the manner the same is to be performed is
particularly described as follows (that is to say) :-
To the primary axle is fixed an horizontal lever worked by horses. When
two vertical axles are required, the first axle has an horizontal wheel, trundle,
or drum acting upon an horizontal wheel, which has castors to preserve its
due motion when the diameter endangers its equilibrium, and thus may be used
of an indefinite radius. This castor wheel acts on the second axle, to which
is likewise fixed a wheel, trundle, or drum, and to this second axle is fixed a
reducing cog wheel, having the properties of reducing or adding its cogs at
pleasure, by an infraction on its rim, whether the wheel is used horizontal or
vertical, or where the nature of the powers are immediately ascertained.
This wheel may be entirely solid in its rim, with blank intervening segments,
and this wheel to this second axle acts horizontally over two vertical wheels,
trundles, or drums, fixed to two horizontal axles, which acting on the major
or longest side of the beam from the fulcrum, whether said beam is horizontal
or vertical, will cause its ascending and descending motion. Thus this
reducing cog wheel, or wheel with blank segment or segments, will give as
many attractions in the same revolution as the diameter is increased, its
blanks divided, and powers require. When this engine is used in a lift of.any
magnitude or barrell of a considerable diameter, it might be found necessary
to have two of these wheels with blank segments, one acting over, the other
under, the capstans or axles which cause the elevating power. In this case
the cog segment of one must correspond or be perpendicular to the blank
segment of the other, when one will be found to wind one of the axles while
the other gives the unwinding power to abolish resistance. This beam may
be used horizontally or vertically without any addition to its component parts;
but in the latter the communicating power of the horizontal wheel is un-
avoidable; whereas the horizontal position of the beam may be worked with
one vertical axle. This first principle of motion having the reducing cog
wheel fixed to it, in the same manner as heretofore has been described to be
in the case with the second axle, and acting over the horizontal axles, which
cause the ascending and descending motions of the beam; the minor or fore
part of the beam, whether horizontal or vertical, may give its power by a cog
segment, acting on a wheel, trundle, or drum, fixed to an horizontal axle,
which has likewise a wheel fixed to it vertically, said wheel causing the
elevation of the stroke which produces the water. But in the horizontal
position of the beam the elevating power may be caused by two cranks fixed
to the rod within the barrell, one crank receiving the beam in the elevation

page_text: of the water, the other causing the descending power: The reducing cog
wheel, or wheel with blank segments, may give the power in the following
position without the Roman beam or fulcrum balance, when the latter, in cases
of confined weight, or other unforseen causes, might be found to receive a
negative. Let the first principle of motion act on the horizontal castor
wheel, the horizontal castor wheel on the vertical reducing cog wheel or
wheel with blank segments, the wheel with blank segments acting on the
wheel, trundle, or drum, round the horizontal axle, to which is likewise placed
the vertical wheel, causing the elevation of the water. This reducing cog
wheel being again put in a vertical direction, between the two horizontal axles
that cause the elevation of the beam, and receiving in this direction its powers
from the horizontal castor wheel, will cause as many attractions in the same
revolution of said wheel as its diameter is increas'd, and its girt admits of the
division of blank and cog segments.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Tencate, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand seven hundred and eighty-eight.
Sealed and delivered (being first duly
stampt) in the presence of
NATH ALLEN.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifteenth day of May, in the
year of our Lord 1788, the aforesaid John Tencate came before our said
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according to the
tenor of the Statutes made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Nineteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand seven hundred and eighty-eight.