Means or Device for Effecting Improvements in the Use of Candles.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application. 7th Dec., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 7th Sept., 1892-Accepted, 15th Oct., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Means or Device for Effecting Improvements in the Use of Candles.
I, EDWARD STEPHENSON STURDY, of 79, York Road, West Hartlepool, in
the County of Durham, Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
My invention relates to means for effecting improvements in the use of candles,
so that the candle burns with equal and regular combustion and neither gutters or
runs over.
It is well known that candles of ordinary composition are subject to unequal
and irregular combustion due to a surplus of the melted material running down the
candle, or by guttering, which are the results of exposure to currents of air or to
the candle not being kept in the erect position.
The object of my invention is to furnish an improved means or device for
obviating these defects by which a uniform and more perfect combustion of the
candle is ensured and without waste, that is to say, that the candle be uniformly
and completely consumed in feeding the wick with illuminating matter.
My invention consists of a cup shaped device which is lightly attached to the
top of the candle and serves as a receptacle to any surplus matter when the candle
is melting too freely.
This device which I will term the candle protector must constantly occupy
the top of the candle and therefore must autoniatically descend as the candle
is consumed. A convenient form for this device is that of a ferrule to fit the
candle furnished with a cup shaped flange to receive any overflow of melting
wax. This ferrule has its upper edge furnished with spikes or barbs which
extend therefrom so as to be embedded in that part of the candle wax which is
most nearly approaching the melting point; these barbs or spikes are found to be
more effective for the purpose of my invention than a continuous flange which
is found in practice to shield the circular edge of the candle from the heat of
the flame and to thus prevent it from melting uniformly or level with the exposed
wax round the wick. In this way the candle protector is made to constantly
depend for its support on the edge of the candle which is constantly approaching
the melting point. The said protector therefore descends automatically or by
gravity as the candle becomes consumed.
It is essential that the material of the protector be non-combustible, and a
bad conductor of heat, so that it is neither liable to burn nor be detrimental
to the illuminating power of the candle. The protector subject to the above
described conditions, may consist of a combination of parts or materials, and if
desirable be designed with a view to ornamentation or may be constructed to
form a combined protector and reflector, the reflector being of course suitably
counterbalanced by weighting the protector at another part.
Dated this 5th day of December 1801
G. J. CLARKSON,
Stockton-on-Tees, Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Means or Device for Effecting Improvements in the Use of Candles.
I, EDWARD STEPHENSON STURDY, of 79 York Road, West Hartlepool, in
the County of Durham, Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to means for effecting improvements in the use of candles,
so that the candle burns with equal and regular combustion and neither gutters
or runs over.
.
It is well known that candles of ordinary composition are subject to unequal
and irregular combustion due to a surplus of the melted material running down
the candle, or by guttering, which are the results of exposure to currents of air or
to the candle not being kept in the erect position.
The object of my invention is to furnish an improved means or device for
obviating these defects by which a uniform and more perfect combustion of the
candle is ensured and without waste, that is to say that the candle be uniformly and
completely consumed in feeding the wick with illuminating matter.
My invention consists of a cup shaped device which is lightly attached to the
top of the candle and serves as a receptacle to any surplus matter when the candle
is melting too freely. This device which I will term the candle protector must
constantly occupy the top of the candle and therefore must automatically descend
as the candle is consumed.
A convenient form for this device is that of a ferrule to fit the candle furnished
with a cup shaped flange to receive any overflow of melting wax. This ferrule has
its upper edge furnished with spikes or barbs which extend therefrom so as to be
embedded in that part of the candle wax which is most nearly approaching the
melting point, these barbs or spikes are found to be more effective for the purpose
of my invention than a continuous flange which is found in practice to shield the
circular edge of the candle from the heat of the flame and to thus prevent it from
melting uniformly or level with the exposed wax round the wick. In this way the
candle protector is made to constantly depend for its support on the edge of the
candle which is constantly approaching the melting point. The said protector
therefore descends automatically or by gravity as the candle becomes consumed. It
is essential that the material of the protector be non-combustible, and a bad con-
ductor of heat so that it is neither liable to burn. nor be detrimental to the
illuminating power of the candle. The protector subject to the above described
conditions may consist of a combination of parts or materials and if desirable be
designed with a view to ornamentation or may be constructed to form a combined
protector and reflector, the reflector being of course suitably counterbalanced by
weighting. the protector at another part.
In the accompanying drawing
Figure 1 is an elevation, Figure 2 a plan and Figure 3 a vertical section of my
apparatus or device for effecting improvements in the use of candles, so that the
candle burns with equal and regular combustion and neither gutters or runs over.
Figure 4 is a similar view to Figure 8 but showing the bottom of ferrule to be
wider than the top to allow a free passage of air between the candle and the
ferrule, so as to prevent the ferrule. from becoming overheated and sticking to the
candle.
Figure 5 is an elevation of my device with reflector combined.
In all the said figures a represents the top part and the lower part of
the ferrule which is made open at both ends as shown, the top part a having
barbs or spikes C
pierced out to support the protector on the top of the candie
whilst the bottom part is turned up forming the cup shaped flange d, e is a

page_text: reflector which may be affixed to the flange d and fa weight to counterbalance the
same.
The device thus consists essentially of a part a and b, adapted to fit around the
candle, of a part c adapted to rest on the top of the candle, of a part d, adapted to
catch and retain any fallen melted grease, each of which parts may be made of
any suitable material.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is,
The manufacture and use of the apparatus or device for regulating and
economising the burning of candles in domestic use and for preventing the running
or spilling of grease from the same substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated in the various figures of the accompanying drawing.
Dated this 6th day of September 1892.
EDWD. S. STURDY.