IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORGING OR STAMPING METALS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Browett, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR FORGING OR STAMPING METALS."
Sealed the 19th February 1875, and dated the 22nd August 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Browett at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 22nd August 1874.
I, THOMAS BROWETT, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORGING OR STAMPING METALS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in certain methods of applying an elastic
medium between the motive power and the hammer.
Firstly, for this purpose I use a cylinder forming a portion of the
hammer, and within which is a piston which is carried upward and
downward by the motive power. Above and below this piston, and

page_text: confined in the aforesaid cylinder, are hollow balls of india-rubber, or
other such material, which are alternately compressed and allowed to
expand; and I propose. to cover with metal those parts which run in
contact with the cylinder.
In order to lubricate I.propose to make apertures in the cylinder by
means of which French chalk or other such material may be intro-
duced.
The character of the blow may be varied by making the balls of
different degrees of compressibility on the two sides of the piston.
In case of an injurious amount of heat being generated I propose to
introduce water into the cylinder.
In another arrangement I place the piston in a cylinder which is
partially filled with water or other such fluid, which cylinder communi-
cates with another at its lower end. Where the piston is carried upward.
and downward it alternately compresses and allows the expansion of the
air in the two chambers.
filed by the said Thomas Droweto
+
on the 22nd February 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS 2
BROWETT, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, and in the thirty-2
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Thomas Browett, Her special license
that I, the said Thomas Browett, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas Browett, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no 3
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and. lawfully might make, use, exercise, and,

page_text: actuated by a treadle 26. As the crank revolves it alternately raises
and lowers the two tubes 9, 9*, by means of the cross bar 17, and
rods 15, 15*, and imparts an upward and downward motion to the
pistons 10 through the medium of the balls 11, 12, which possess an
elastic property by the material of which they are composed, and by the 5
air which they contain in their hollow portions, and thus an elastic
medium is obtained between the motive power and the hammer, the
latter of which, as above mentioned, is connected to the said piston.
The balls 11, 12, may be of any desired thickness, and if thought
desirable bands of metal may be attached to them to protect their 1
wearing parts, and apertures may be made in the tubes for the intro-
duction of French chalk, or other lubricating material.
The Drawing shews the application of two balls on cach side of the
piston, but there may be one only or more than two if desired, and the
character of the blow may be varied by making the balls of different 1
degrees of compressibility on the two sides of the piston.
I have above spoken of india-rubber as the material of which the
balls are composed, but they may be made of leather or other sub-
stance which will admit of the air within them being compressed.
Fig. 4 shews a modification of this part of my Invention, which may 2
moro especially be used to stamping purposes. In this case the tube 9
slides upon guide rods 30, and motion is imparted by any suitable
arrangement to the piston 10 through the medium of a pin 31, which
works in slots formed in the said tube, and it is supposed that there is
only one tube 9 and its adjuncts. The hammer 5 is adapted to the 2
tubo, but in this case, as it may be in forging, its acting surface is of
the shape of the article to be produced. When the pin 31, and consc-
quently piston 10, are moved upward and downward the hammer also
performs those movements, but through the intervention of the elastic
balls 11, 12.
3
Fig. 5 shews another modification of my Invention. In this instance
the tube 2 also slides upon guide rods 30, and within it is the piston 10
to which the hammer 5 is attached. On each side of the piston are
hollow rings 11, 12, of india-rubber or other such material, as aforesaid.
The motive power is connected to the tube 9, which therefore lifts 3

page_text: and depresses the hammer 5 through the medium of the said elastic
rings 11, 12.
Another part of my Invention is shewn at Fig. 6, in which 5 is the
hammer connected to the bottom of a cylinder 35, which contains a
certain amount of water or other fluid, and within this is another
cylinder 36 bolted to the first-mentioned cylinder, and the two therefore
are capable of moving as one, and of sliding upon guide rods 37. The
cylinder 36 is provided with a stuffing box through which there passes
a rod 38 provided with a piston 39, above which there is water or
other fluid, and there are apertures 50 at the bottom of the cylinder 36,
which form a communication between it and the outer cylinder 35.
The motive power is applied to the rod 38, and when it is caused to
rise it lifts the hammer through the medium of compressed air in the
cylinder 36 caused by the rise of the fluid above the piston 39, and
when the rod 38 is depressed it forces the water or other fluid into the
outer cylinder 35, and compresses the air therein.
Figs. 7 and 8 shew a modification of this part of my Invention, the
latter being a detached view on an enlarged scale, and in section.
Ab 5 is the hammer, which is attached to a cross head 41 connected to
another 42 by rods 43, the two being capable of sliding together upon
guide rods 45. Upon the cross head 41 is a cylinder 46, within which
is another cylinder, the two being partially filled with water or other
fluid, and within the interior cylinder is a plunger 47 passing through
an ordinary cupped leather. To the cross head 42 is fixed a plunger 48,
which works in a second cylinder 49, the same as that first mentioned,
and shewn at Fig. 8 on an enlarged scale. The motive power is applied
to the plunger 47, and when the hammer is moving downward and
upward air is alternately compressed in the two outer cylinders by the
plungers displacing the water or other fluid in the inner cylinders, and
thus the elastic medium is obtained.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of my said In-
vention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire
it to be understood that I claim as secured to me under the above in
part recited Letters Patent,-
Firstly, and for the purpose above set forth, the use of balls or other
shaped elastic air cells placed between the motive power of the hammer

page_text: =
Secondly, for the aforesaid purpose, the use of air in a vessel or
vessels compressed by motion given to water, or other such. fluid, placed
between the motive power and the hammer or stamper.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Browett, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of February, in the 5
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.