matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVERS AND OTHER MULTIPLE FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas James Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th November 1871.-A communication from abroad by François
Alexandre Le Mat, of 23, Boulevard de Strasbourg, Paris, France.
I, THOMAS JAMES SMITH, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and
Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN REVOLVERS AND OTHER MULTIPLE FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates chiefly to an Inventor for which Letters
Patent were granted to François Alexandre Le Mat, on the 13th day of
October, 1868, No. 3131. The object is to simplify the construction and
operation of revolvers and other multiple fire-arms, and consists 1st, in
a new manner of opening and closing the loading chamber; 2ndly, in
an improved action of the hammer; and 3rdly, in improved mechanism
for connecting the nut (noix) of the principal hammer to the revolver.
In order to introduce cartridges into the chambers of the revolver a
lateral hollowing is made in the metal disc which serves as a back to the
chambers, and into this hollowing a hinged door is fitted. This door is

page_text: so arranged that its hinge is at the upper part, whilst the thumb piece
and the spring are at the lower part, so that in order to open the door
for loading the revolver the operator must exercise an upward pressure
upon the thumb piece.
The improved action of the hammer is as follows:-The central
hammer is hinged upon an axis upon the principal hammer; this axis
being fixed in an orifice made in the centre of the central hammer.
The thumb piece of the central hammer is so placed as to be behind the
principal hammer in a mortise made in the latter from side to side.
The end or point of the central hammer is placed so as to fit in the
tenon of the nut in front of the main hammer. The central hammer
being thus arranged it follows that in order to set free the principal
hammer preparatory to firing the first or central shot of the series, a
pressure downwards must be exerted by the thumb of the firer upon the
thumb piece of the central hammer.
In order to connect the movement of the body of the principal
hammer to that of the revolving mechanism, so as to render these two
actions inseparable, a spring catch is placed at the lower part of the
body, the point of which catch engages at the proper time into the teeth
of the ratchet keyed to the centre of the hinder face of the revolver.
This arrangement of gearing makes the action of the arm very
perfect, and removes all chances of accident.
IMPROVED WATER GAUGE OR OTHEr Gauge Cock
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Savage Dixon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th July 1871.
"AN.
I, ALFRED SAVAGE DIXON, of Leeds, in the County of York, Brass
Founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVED WATER GAUGE OR OTHEr Gauge Cock,” to be as follows :-
:-
The bottom part of the water gauge which supports the glass has cast
upon it a flange which is fitted to the front of the boiler by means of
screws or bolts, or the gauge may be fitted with a back nut or in any
other convenient manner to the boiler instead of a flange and bolts. At
the end of the bottom part of the gauge which projects into the boiler is
formed a conical valve seat into which fits a conical valve; this valve
has attached to it a spindle which passes through a stuffing box at the
outer end of the bottom part of the gauge. To open or close the valve
it is only necessary to push in or draw out the spindle to which the
valve is attached. By the use of my improved water gauge the plug

page_text: cocks, a weak point in the ordinary water gauge, are entirely dispensed
with, and with the least attention leakage is rendered impossible. It is
simple in construction, and for durability it is equal to at least three
sets of ordinary gauges.
IMPROVEMENTS IN NEEDLE CASES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Avery at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
August 1871.
I, WILLIAM AVERY, of Redditch, in the County of Worcester, Needle
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN NEEDLE CASES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the construction and arrangement herein.
after described of the parts of needle cases whereby a needle case is
produced in which one or more packets of needles are enclosed, any one
of which packets may by pressing upon a stud or button be projected
from the end of the case, the heads of the needles in the packet being
thus exposed. After the removal of a needle the pressure of the stud
or button in a direction contrary to that by which the heads of the
needles were exposed effects the retirement of the packet of needles
into the case. The opening in the case through which the top of the
packet passed closes on the retiring of the packet by a spring flap, and
the needles are protected from air and moisture.
I construct and arrange the parts of the case in the following
manner A flat rectangular case of sheet metal of somewhat larger

page_text: size than the packet of needles enclosed by it has within it a sliding
holder or clip, in which holder or clip the packet or paper of needles is
inserted. A longitudinal slot is made in the case, through which a pin
or stud terminating in an ornamental head or button passes and works.
The inner end of the said pin or stud is connected to the sliding clip or
holder, and the ornamental head or button works on the case. The
upper part of the front of the case is detached from or unconnected
with the sides of the case and has a convex curvature, the said detached
curved piece forming a spring flap which in its normal position closes
the upper end of the case.
When however the ornamental head or button is pressed in the
direction proper to raise the sliding holder and needles, the said spring
flap is forced back and the heads of the needles and top of the holder
are exposed at the top of the case. On the contrary motion of the head
or button the retiring of the holder into its case allows the spring flap
to resume its normal position, and close the top of the case. When the
needle holder or clip is raised the pressure of the spring flap against it
holds it firmly in the position to which it has been brought.
The arrangement described with respect to the top of the case may
also be adopted at the bottom of the case, that is, the said bottom may
be formed with a spring flap of the kind described. In this arrangement
the holder is made double, so that by pressing upon the head or button
the heads of a packet of needles may be exposed at either end of the
case. Several of the sliding holders or clips and spring flaps may
be arranged side by side, so as to form a compound case capable of
enclosing several packets of needles.
The arrangement of spring flap described may also be used at the
back of the case as well as at the front.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN FORMS OR CUTTING TOOLS FOR CUTTING LEATHER, CARDBOARD, PAPER, AND ANALOGOUS MATERIALS; APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON IMPLEMENTS WITHOUT WELDINGS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th November 1871.-A communication from abroad by Adolphe
Dérégnaucourt, of No. 2, Rue Lécluse, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN FORMS OR CUTTING TOOLS
FOR CUTTING LEATHER, CARDBOARD, PAPER, AND ANALOGOUS MATERIALS;
APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON IMPLEMENTS WITHOUT
WELDINGS," a communication to me from abroad by Adolphe Dérégnau-
court, of No. 2, Rue Lécluse, Paris, France, to be as follows:-
The improvement in cutting tools, whether for shoe makers, hat
makers, or cardboard workers, consists in the use of forms or moulds
made of cast steel, the great strength and regular cutting edge of which
material render it especially advantageous for acting upon compact
masses of sheets piled the one above the other, accelerating the work
and lessening the labour in a greater ratio the more important the
workshop or manufactory. On the other hand as the material employed

page_text: is malleable, that is to say hard but ductile, it may be repaired or
changed in shape without these tools ever breaking at the weldings,
each piece being forged throughout.
The same system is applicable to the manufacture of implements of
husbandry, such as gardeners' or vine dressers' spades of wrought-iron
without weldings.
With regard to these latter tools, it should be observed that made by
this process they are of one body with similar molecules of any desired
shape, and no longer having any weldings will not break at the socket
or hollow iron handle which receives the ordinary wooden handle,
as happens pretty frequently even when forged hot in the ordinary
manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND TREATMENT OF LIGNEOUS AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS 80 AS TO RENDER THEM SUITABLE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Richardson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 4th January 1871.
I, WILLIAM HENRY RICHARDSON, of Jarrow, in the County of
Durham, Paper Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND TREATMENT OF
LIGNEOUS AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS 80 AS TO RENDER THEM SUITABLE FOR
THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the preparation and
treatment of ligneous and other fibrous materials so as to render them
suitable for the manufacture of paper, and consists in firstly, impregna-
ting wood or other ligneous or fibrous material with a solution of caustic
soda, and after having allowed such impregnated or saturated wood or
other ligneous or fibrous materials to drain or to lose the excess of the
solution of soda adhering thereto they are subjected either in a closed
or open vessel either to a blast of heated air, or to steam, or otherwise to
the action of an elevated temperature, which may vary from about 250
degrees to 350 degrees Fahrenheit, and after the application of such

page_text: elevated temperature the results are treated with water and the soluble
alkaline products dissolved out, the residual ligneous or fibrous products
may then be subjected to the ordinary processes of reduction, pulping,
and bleaching, as is well understood.
In carrying out my Invention I prefer to employ a solution of caustic
soda, containing about twenty per cent. of caustic soda, and the time to
which the wood, ligneous, or other fibrous material impregnated or
saturated with the caustic alkaline solution before referred to is to be
submitted to an elevated temperature will vary according to the material
treated and the temperature employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SKATES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Wheblo at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th October 1871.
I, ROBERT WHEBLE, of 21, Cockspur Street, Westminster, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SKATES," to be as follows:―
This Invention has for its object the construction of skates in such
manner as to facilitate by their use the learning of the art of skating,
for by adopting my Invention the wearer will be enabled to maintain the
desired position on the ice with greater ease, whilst my improved skate
is capable of being so adjusted as to form in effect and in use a skate of
ordinary construction.
A skate of my improved construction is provided with two or more
blades or irons which are capable of being adjusted so as to leave a
considerable space intervening between them, or may when desired bo
brought nearer or close together so as in such case if desired to form in
effect one blade or iron only. Or all but one blade or iron may be

page_text: removed altogether, and the said one blade or iron can be left fitted in
the centre, thus forming in effect a skate of the ordinary arrangement.
Means whereby this Invention is carried into practical effect are as
follows:-The body or foot part of the skate is on the under side thereof
provided with a number of grooves into which the blades or irons may
be shifted as may be required. The blades may be made of iron, steel,
or other suitable material, and may if desired be made reversible, so as
to afford a fresh face when the other face is worn or injured. These
blades are secured in position by means of screws, pins, springs, or other
means of attachment or adjustment which can be unscrewed or removed 1
and again screwed up or fastened as may be required.
It is evident that the body or foot part of the skate, when flat or
approximately so, may be used by the wearer without the insertion of
the blades for convenience of walking. A slip of leather, india-rubber,
or other suitable material somewhat deeper than the grooves may be 1
inserted in such grooves to keep out the dirt and protect the edges of
the grooves, and tend to prevent slipping whilst not using the blades or
irons for skating purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD APPARATUS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dendy and Abraham
Taylor at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 28th September 1871.
We JOHN DENDY, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Silk Manufacturer, and ABRAHAM TAYLOR, of Failsworth,
in the said County, Pattern Designer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD APPARATUS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improved arrangements of mechanism
for working border and middle cards alternately, in order to avoid the
necessity of the operative climbing up the loom for taking out the
card cylinders, and for the purpose of alternately changing the border
and middle cards, as is at present customary.
The jacquard machine has a cylinder at each side, and the cards are
so arranged that all the middle cards shall be on one cylinder and the
border cards on the other.

page_text: The two griffs, one for the border and the other for the middle, are
worked by rods in connection with two eccentrics on the crank shaft of
the loom, the eccentrics being so attached by means of slots and keys
or feathers, that when one eccentric is working the other can be
stationary, the shifting of the eccentrics being effected by levers or
handles; or instead of the keys and slots, we employ catches or clutches,
which are put in gear first with one eccentric and then with the other.
In cases where the cranks of the loom shaft are outside the end
frames the same result can be obtained by having only one eccentric
fixed to the shaft, the lifting rods being connected alternately to the 1
eccentric by means of a slot and pin connecting the bottom part of the
lifting rods and the top of the eccentric.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR THIS PURPOSE
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Found, Henry Watson,
and Josiah Erck at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 2nd September 1871.
We, GEORGE FOUND, of No. 10, Cornwall Street, Fulham, HENRY
WATSON, of No. 7, Strewan Place, Chelsea, and JOSIAH EROK, of
No. 8, Stamford Villas, Fulham Road, all in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR THIS PURPOSE,"
to be as follows :—
According to our Invention we obtain motive power without the
application of heat and we designate it the cold water power. For this
purpose we employ a tank or casing similar in construction to a steam
boiler and capable of sustaining extremely high pressures. Within the
tank is a wheel similar to a water wheel and this wheel works fluid
tight within a cylindrical casing within the tank. At the bottom
of the casing is an opening into a trough or casing at the under side
of the high-pressure tank. There is an opening from the high-pressure
tank into the casing within which the water wheel works so as to admit

page_text: water under high pressure to the water wheel. This causes the wheel to
revolve and the water escaping from the water wheel passes into the
bottom tank. On the axis of the water wheel is a toothed wheel, and
this by multiplying gear gives a rapid rotary motion to a wheel
on which are crank pins to give an up-and-down motion to the
plungers of two hydraulic pumps in the bottom tank. These pumps
are of small diameter and pump water alternately into two hydraulic
cylinders. When the ram of one of such hydraulic cylinders has been
raised to its full height the water from the pumping cylinder is shut off
from it and then the pumps both pump into the other hydraulic
cylinder. The rams of the hydraulic cylinders are connected with
levers which, in the case of a locomotive, give motion, to the cranked
axle of the pair of driving wheels. When the ram of one of the
hydraulic cylinders is raised to its highest point the water in such
The axle of
cylinder is allowed to escape into the bottom tank.
another pair of wheels of the locomotive gives motion by eccentrics
upon it to other weighted levers and these weighted levers actuate
pumps for pumping back water and air from the bottom tank into
the high-pressure tank or casing above it. These pumps are arranged
"to force back into the high-pressure tank or casing a greater quantity of
water than is passed out from it by the rotation of the water wheel, and
thus a constantly augmenting power is obtained and a safety valve is
applied to allow of the escape of any excess of air so pumped into the
casing when the pressure in the casing exceeds the desired limit.
THE UTILIZATION OF TIN PLATE SCRAP IRON FOR CERTAIN PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Thomas Becks at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd February 1871.
I, ARTHUR THOMAS BECKS, of Aston, near Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Sheet Iron Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of my said Invention for "THE UTILIZATION OF TIN PLATE SCRAP IRON FOR
CERTAIN PURPOSES," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
In precipitating copper from copper solutions as ordinarily practised
scrap wrought iron is used which has an irregular coating of oxide of
iron, commonly known as scale, and when such scrap is put into a bath
containing copper solutions the action of the acid or acids is slow on
the oxide or scale, but active upon the iron, which causes the oxide or
scale to become loose and fall with the precipitated copper, deteriorating
its quality and value.
And my Invention consists in using for this purpose tin plate scrap
iron from which the whole or the greater portion of the tin has been

page_text: removed by acid or acids, which scrap is well washed and dried imme-
diately by heat, placing it in a close furnace for that purpose. Tin plate
scrap iron so prepared presents a clear surface, and forms a cheap and
pure metallic iron for precipitating copper from copper solutions.
AN IMPROVED PLUG OR STOPPER FOR TOBACCO PIPES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leopold Beral Bertram at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th July 1871.
I, LEOPOLD BERAL BERTRAM, of Gracechurch Street, in the City
of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED PLUG OR STOPPER FOR TOBACCO PIPES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing plugs or stoppers for tobacco
pipes in the following manner :-I propose to form the plug in two
parts; the lower part I form hollow and of the same shape as the bottom
of the bowl of the pipe, but smaller in diameter, and the upper part
of the said plug I form thin and flat, and of such diameter as that
it will fit closely in the bowl of a pipe, so as to prevent the lower part
of the plug from touching any part of the bowl. The two aforesaid
parts may be made of meerschaum, clay, or other suitable material, and
be connected together by screwing or cement. I propose to form holes
through the flat top part of the plug, and also around the other part
of the said plug, near the top thereof, for the passage of smoke and air,
so that when a plug or stopper thus constructed is applied to a pipe,
in the act of smoking the pipe, the oil from the tobacco passes through

page_text: the holes in the top of the plug or stopper into the hollow part thereof,
and by these means is separated from the smoke, which passes through
the holes in the upper and lower parts of the stopper, and finally up
or along the stem of the pipe.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LOCKETS, WHICH SAID IMPROVE- MENT IS APPLICABLE TO OTHER USEFUL AND ORNAMENTAL ARTICLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Ebenezer Morley,
James Richard Ellis, and Joseph George Rollason at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 3rd May
1871.
We, ARTHUR EBENEZER MORLEY, JAMES RICHARD ELLIS, and JOSEPH
GEORGE ROLLASON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LOCKETS, WHICH SAID IMPROVE-
MENT IS APPLICABLE TO OTHER USEFUL AND ORNAMENTAL ARTICLES," to be as
follows:-
In making certain articles of jewellery, viz., lockets, a rim and bezil
is produced in manner following:-
First. We pierce out a blank of sheet metal and press the same into a
concave shell of various outline and depth, and afterwards cut off the
rim or collar around it and use it as a rim or bezil interiorly in that part
of a locket which receives the other part or shell forming a lid and
fastening.
Second. Hitherto it has been the custom of the trade to solder the rim
and bezil in a locket. In lieu of it we cut out a blank in sheet metal,

page_text: and then stamp and press with dies and tools those parts of a locket,
viz., the shells, in which the inner edges constitute a rim and bezil in
one piece of metal. And, further, we take a blank of metal identical
with that above referred to, and by means of rotary motion in an ordinary
lathe spin the said blank into a form which combines a shell and bezil,
also a shell and rim, for the purposes above indicated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Freeman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd April
1871.
I, THOMAS FREEMAN, of Cardigan Road, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FASTENINGS FOR WEARING APPAREL," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to those fastenings in which eyes or openings
are passed over studs, and consists in improved modes of fixing the eyes
and studs to the wearing apparel. To take stays for an example, the
eyes and studs have hitherto been rivetted to steel plates, which are
afterwards stitched to the edges of the stays, there being a number of
holes drilled or punched in the plates and the positions of the eyes and
studs determined beforehand.
The object of my Invention is to dispense with the necessity of
drilling or punching the holes in the plates, to be able to fix the eyes
and studs at any desired position after the plates are stitched in, and
also to effect economy; and to obtain these advantages I form the
eyes in small plates, which extend over the plates and fix the plates

page_text: to the cloth at one of the edges of the stays by clenched cylets, and
I fix the studs in small plates, each having one end bent over the
plates stitched in, and the other end fixed to the cloth by clenched
cylets, and it is evident that these eyes and studs can be fixed in any
desired position, and be also applied to various descriptions of wearing t
apparel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNAL INDICATORS OR MECHANISM FOR MINES AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Brydon and John Dixon
Kendall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 3rd April 1871.
We, ROBERT BRYDON, of Whitehaven, in the County of Cumberland,
Mechanical Engineer, and JoHN DIXON KENDALL, of the same Place,
Civil and Mining Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNAL INDICATORS OR MECHANISM FOR MINES
AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
:-
The object of our improved signal indicator is to give notice by
strokes on a bell and by showing at the same time a corresponding
figure or letter when a signal has been made, after which the mechanism
moves back automatically, showing a blank or some mark or figure which
will indicate that their is no signal requiring attention.
Our indicator mechanism consists of a heptagonal drum, or a drum
with any other convenient number of sides, according to the number of
separate signals required. This drum is arranged in bearings, so that it
can be rotated backwards and forwards. Each side of the drum may
have a figure or letter, but one side may be left blank to indicate "no

page_text: signal." This latter side of the drum comes opposite an opening in the
drum case when the mechanism is at rest, and as the drum is rotated
the sides or figures are brought opposite the opening in succession.
There are also pins or spindles at the angles of each side of the drum
that act upon a spring hammer and give one stroke upon a bell as cach
pin or spindle passes. As many of these indicators may be connected
together as are required. In mines one is placed at the foot of the
shaft, one at the head, and one at the engine house; and the drums of
all the indicators are connected by wire rope, so as to move together,
there being a weight to keep the wire rope stretched at the bottom of
the shaft, and a greater weight attached to the indicator at the engine
house to stretch the wire rope and pull it back when at liberty to a stop,
when all the indicators will show the blank representing "no signal."
The ropes are moved to give a signal by a lever or levers, which has a
spring catch or projection that works against the edge of a sector
corrugated or divided to correspond to each signal, so that the person
signalling can easily count or feel the action of each of the notches as
the handle is moved over them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING COTTON WASTE AND OTHER SHORT FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Lord, William Lord, and
John Fenton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 16th March 1871.
WC, JAMES LORD, WILLIAM LORD, and JOHN FENTON; of Crawshaw-
booth and Dunoak Shaw, in the County of Lancaster; Cotton Spinners
and Manufacturers; do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING COTTON WASTE AND OTHER
SHORT FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
According to the usual method of spinning cotton waste the material
after it leaves the carding engine or piecing machine is wound upon
a roller which is adapted to the machine known as the "billy," where
it is unwound by a surface drum and twisted by spindles, and the rovings
thus formed are removed to the spinning machine.
By our Invention we obtain slivers at the piecing machine as above
mentioned and place them in a machine consisting of a surface drum,
a series of drawing rollers, and spindles: By the said surface drum the

page_text: slivers are unwound and passed to the drawing rollers by which they are
drawn out and they are then passed to the spindles which spin them
into yarn. This arrangement enables us to dispense with the operations
at the "
"billy."
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR POLISHING AND FINISHING YARN AND THREAD
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Godfrey Ermen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
June 1871.
I, GODFREY ERMEN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Cotton Spinner and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR POLISHING AND FINISHING
YARN AND THREAD," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in an improved mode of constructing machines
for polishing and finishing yarn and thread, whereby the cost of the
machinery is reduced, and the space in the mill and the labor are also
economised.
My Invention has reference in particular to machines constructed
according to an Invention for which I obtained Letters Patent ḍated
the 17th day of June 1851, in which a circular brush fixed on a main
shaft and-made to revolve by a suitable arrangement of geering acts by
friction on a set of hanks of yarn or thread distended upon two rollers
so as to polish or finish the same.

page_text: Now the substance of my present Invention consists in working two
or more such circular brushes as aforesaid to act on a corresponding
number of sets of hanks of yarn or thread, such several brushes being
fixed on one and the same shaft or set of connected shafts, driven by
one and the same arrangement of suitable geering whereby the econo- E
mical and other advantages before mentioned are secured.
The Invention also applies to such machines as aforesaid where
uneven or roughened surfaces are substituted for brushes for polishing
and finishing the yarns or threads as described in the Specification of
Letters Patent granted to me on the 22nd day of October 1856, 1
No. 2480.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW SASHES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Silas Rogers at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd July
1871.
I, SILAS ROGERS, of 123, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WINDOW SASHES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in improved arrangements for enabling
window sashes to be raised by self-acting means, and also be readily
held with certainty at any required position.
The arrangements will be understood by the following description
thereof, reference being had to the figures and letters on the accompany-
ing Sheet of Drawings, in which Fig. 1 is an elevation, Fig. 2, an end
view, and Figs. 3 and 4, plans of my improvements applied to a window
sash.
In the various Figures a represents the sash; b, the pulley stile; and
c, the brickwork outside the window; and to the back of the sash is
fixed a rack d. In the pulley stile is fixed a case containing a ratchet
wheel e in connection with a helical spring f, there being a pawl or
stop g which is in or out of gear with the teeth as required. The pawl

page_text: is connected to the rod i, having a knob or handle k, and encircling
the rod there is a spiral spring 1 to give a return movement to the rod
and pawl.
When the window is required to be opened the knob k is pulled in
order to move the pawl g out of gear with the teeth of the ratchet f
wheel e, and then the helical spring turns the wheel which raises the
rack d and sash a, the sash being stopped at any desired position by
letting go the knob or handle, and when the sash is required to be
lowered it is pulled down by hand in the usual manner, the rack turning
the ratchet wheel and winding up the helical spring.
]
Im- PROVEMENTS IN TOOLS OR MACHINES FOR TURNING AND PLANING METALS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Ford Smith and Arthur
Coventry at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 12th July 1871.
We, WILLIAM FORD SMITH and ARTHUR COVENTRY, of Gresley Iron
Works, Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers and Tool
Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN TOOLS OR MACHINES FOR TURNING AND PLANING METALS," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention relates,-
Firstly. To a lathe or tool more especially designed for turning up the
journals of railway wheel axles, and it consists of a bed carrying two
ordinary forcing or following heads, between which the axle is placed.
Below the axle a shaft is arranged in arms centred to oscillate on the
driving shaft and geared with it by toothed wheels. The first-named
shaft has two pulleys upon it which come in contact with the peripheries
of the wheels upon the axle to be operated upon and rotate it by contact,
the said oscillating shaft being weighted or acted upon by a spring or
screw to press the pulleys upon it against the wheels of the axle to give
the amount of driving friction required. By means of this simple

page_text: machine both journals of an axle are turned at the same time, there'
being a slide rest for each journal.
Secondly. Our improvements relate to machines for planing metals,
and consist of arrangements for readily changing the cutting speed of
the table when required, its back speed remaining constantly the same.
This improvement is carried into effect by using two or more wheels
connected together to slide on a fixed key on a driving shaft. These
wheels are moved by a clutch lever or other means when required to
slide one wheel out of gear and bring the required wheel into gear with
its corresponding wheel on the driven shaft which gives the cutting
motion to the table of the machine.
A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR DESTROYING THE LARVAE OF MAY-BUGS, AND EVERY KIND OF GRUB, WORM, OR INSECT
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd July 1871.-A communication from abroad by Albert Lainé,
of Beaunay (Seine Inférieure), France, Agriculturalist.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in
the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR DESTROYING THE
LARVAE OF MAY-BUGS, AND EVERY KIND OF GRUB, WORM, OR INSECT," a com-
munication to me from abroad by Albert Lainé, of Beaunay (Seine
Inférieure), France, Agriculturalist, to be as follows:-
The larvae of May-bugs or cock-chaffers, as well as all kinds of grubs
and worms, are to the agriculturalist a plague against which all his
efforts have hitherto been unavailing.
It is proposed by this Invention to ensure their complete destruction,
so to say, in a few hours, even those grubs or worms which attach
themselves to vine stocks and fruit trees. As regards cereals, all that is
needed is when tilling the land to throw this composition over it as seed
is sown.
For vines and unploughed land the composition will be sown

page_text: when digging or otherwise disturbing the ground. The destruction of
the larvae, worms, or insects being effected by the composition as it
infiltrates into the earth. It should be applied in March, April, or May.
This composition is in the form of a powder, and is composed of, 1°, say,
from 15 cwts. to one ton (800 to 1,000 kilogrammes) of Newcastle
coal reduced, as are also all the other ingredients, into a fine powder;
2°, say, 4 cwts. (200 kilogrammes) of chloride of sodium or rough salt;
3°, say, 9 cwts. (500 kilogrammes) of chemical products, the waste of
sulphur. This quantity will suffice for sprinkling a hundred acres (a
hectare).
This composition, simple as it appears, produces such effects that it is
not even necessary (although preferable) to dig or disturb the earth;
but in such case a rainy time must be chosen for casting the powder, as
the rain in causing the dissolution of the composition, each part by the
other, also makes this decomposition in infiltrating into the earth destroy
the larvac, May-bugs, worms, or any kind of insect. The powder should
not be mixed more than 12 hours before being used.
The mixture of the two first ingredients gives rise to a smell analagous
to that disengaged by what is known in commerce as chloride of lime.
It is to the chlorine, a gas essentially corrosive and irrespirable by
any kind of larvae, worms, or insects, that their destruction may be
attributed.
It should be observed that this sprinkling rather improves than
deteriorates the land, inasmuch that the carbonate of soda thereby
produced, and which penetrates the carth together with the chemical
product, is a constituent clement of vegetation.
This Invention consists in the combination of the three above-named
ingredients for the purpose set forth in whatever proportion and
however applied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TREATING AND PREPARING FLAX ANd other TEXTILE PLANTS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gibbs at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st January
1871.
I, WILLIAM GIBBS, of Boston Road, Brentford, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TREATING AND PREPARING FLAX ANd other
TEXTILE PLANTS," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to the treatment of textile plants to prepare
them into pulp for the manufacture of paper or half stuff, or for con-
verting them into threads or fibre for the manufacture of rope, cordage,
and fabrics generally.
The Invention consists chiefly in the employment of rollers, beaters,
or stampers of special form to be operated in any convenient manner and
by any suitable means.
The rollers, beaters, or stampers have longitudinal grooves or slits formed
in them, and also ring or transverse grooves or slits; the longitudinal
grooves may however be cut or otherwise formed in a spiral in one or
more directions, and the transverse grooves or slits may be spiral in the

page_text: same or in the reverse direction, the object being to form square or
lozenge-shaped projections upon the rollers or upon the beaters or
stampers. The bed or table of the beaters or stampers is formed in a
similar manner, or it may be plain; one of the rollers may also be plain if
necessary. The roller or rollers may revolve at the same or varying t
speeds and may have a lateral motion imparted to one or more of them
as well as a revolving one.
I prefer to operate upon the plants in a dry state, and if they are
intended for paper pulp or half stuff to reduce them into small pieces by
a guillotine or other cutter.
The coarse or inferior parts of the fibres, such as roots or ends, may be
treated in a wet or a dry state by edge runners in an open or enclosed
circular pan, to which rotatory motion is imparted by steam or other
power.
The long fibre, if intended for fabrics, rope, or cordage, is left for after
treatment in the ordinary machines to prepare it for spinning.
The rollers and beaters or stampers can be used alone on in com-
bination.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APART- MENTS, AND IN FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Evan Roberts at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th August
1871.
1. I, EVAN ROBERTS, of the Firm of Evan Roberts and Son, of
Ruthin, in the County of Denbigh, Timber Merchant, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APART-
MENTS, AND IN FIRE-PLACES," to be as follows:-
2. First. Apartments are heated under my Invention by air which
has been warmed during its passage through a chamber formed at the
sides and back of the fire-grate, the heat radiating surfaces of the said
chamber being made of fire-clay, terra cotta, or like material, and not
of metal. The air enters by an opening or openings at the lower front
of the fire-grate, circulates in the chamber above mentioned, and escapes
into the apartment through an opening or openings in the higher front
of the fire-grate, or through openings situate above those for the
entrance of air.

page_text: with fire-clay, terra cotta, or other clay or earth on the side next the
chamber. To admit of easy access to the said top part, the top front of
the fire-grate is made movable.
4. It will be obvious that fire-places as usually built are suitable for
the formation of the chamber and for receiving grates in accordance ☑
with my Invention, the essentialities being (1) the chamber, (2) the
radiating surfaces of fire-clay or like material, and (3) the providing
openings for entrance and diffusion of air.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW PROPELLERS FOR SHIPS AND OTHER NAVIGABLE VESSELS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION, left by William George Rothwell at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 23rd October 1871.
I, WILLIAM GEORGE ROTHWELL, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Master Mariner, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW PROPELLERS FOR SHIPS AND OTHER
NAVIGABLE VESSELS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to provide a screw propeller which
shall act with greater efficiency than those hitherto in use, that is to say,
shall propel a vessel at greater speed from the same power, or conversely
at the same speed from less power.
13. 41. I couctavat the base and innor ondo of the blades of

page_text: piece, as hitherto, I divide them each longitudinally near their outer ends
into two or more smaller blades or bladelets, so that as the propeller
rotates a "better hold of the water" is secured.
By preference the said bladelets are placed out of the line of the body
of the blade.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING GALVANISM TO THE HUMAN FRAME, AND IN THE MEANS USED FOR SUCH PURPOSE
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Kilpatrick and Robert
Henry Cooke at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 14th December 1871.
1
We, DAVID KILPATRICK and ROBERT HENRY COOKE, both of
London, in the County of Middlesex; Gentleman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING GALVANISM
TO THE HUMAN FRAME, AND IN THE MEANS USED FOR SUCH PURPOSE," to be as
follows, that is to say
•
This Invention consists in applying galvanism principally to the
feet and hands. To effect this we prefer to employ soles for boots and
shoes, and in some cases the upper parts of such boots and shoes also,
as well as other coverings for the feet, and. gloves or other coverings for
the hands, which have been prepared or made with wires or bands
of metal, capable of producing when in contact galvanic, or voltaic
currents. These wires or bands are quilted, stitched, or interlaced into
the fabric, so that contact may be maintained when the article is
in wear.
the fant in the from of coul

page_text: or strips of metal so interlaced or in such contact that a continuous
current may be maintained for gloves, cuffs, or other coverings for the
hands and arms, as well as other woven or textile appliances for other
portions of the frame. The wires or bands may be best employed
interwoven with the material.
IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MEANS FOR FASTENING OR SECURING AND FOR TIPPING OR TILTING CONTRACTORS' TRUCKS OR WAGGONS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Wilkerson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
July 1871.
I, HENRY WILKERSON, of Eversden, in the County of Cambridge,
Manufacturer of Contractors' Trucks and Contractor, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MEANS FOR
FASTENING OR SECURING AND FOR TIPPING OR TILTING CONTRACTORS' TRUCKS OR
WAGGONS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in providing simple and effective apparatus
or means for fastening or securing contractors' trucks or waggons when
at rest, and which will allow of their being readily tipped or tilted when
required.
The improved apparatus or means consists essentially of an iron
or other suitable metal bar, which is pivotted at one end or loosely
attached to one end of the truck or waggon, and at its other end is
provided with a recess which when the truck is in its equilibrio position
engages with and is held by a suitable catch attached to the lower
part of the truck or to that part upon which the upper and movable
part is pivotted and swings.

page_text: When it is desired to tip or tilt the truck or waggon the bar is moved
or lifted from the catch, when the truck will fall in the direction
wished, the bar sliding in a suitable guide provided for it.
This improved apparatus or means will be attached to both ends of
the truck or waggon, either at opposite diagonal corners or at the same
side, for the purpose of allowing the truck or waggon to be tilted in the
required direction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANO- FORTES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Hund and Rudolph
Hund at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 30th March 1871.
We, FREDERICK HUND and RUDOLPH HUND, of the Firm of F. Hund
and Son, of 63, Ebury Street, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANO-
FORTES," to be as follows:-
66
This Invention relates mainly to the construction and arrangement of
"the frame" upon or to which the strings or wires are attached,
whereby instruments are rendered of greater strength, of higher purity
of tone, of easier access for repairs, of less cost in manufacture, and
less liable to deterioration from age and exposure. It consists in making
the frame" of cast iron with projecting ribs or feathers on some of
the bars, and with angles on the others, so that it can be fastened by
screws to the outer case. The strings or wires are attached to the lower
portion of the cast iron frame direct, while the upper ends of them are
wound upon wrest pins in the usual way in a wrest plank which is
itself secured upon the top of the frame. The iron ribs or bars are
arranged in line with the strings to resist the strain, and the sounding

page_text: board is attached to the back of the iron frame by screws, by this means
the whole of the wires with the frame, wrest plank, and sounding board,
can be removed bodily by removing the side screws for repairs or
renewals as desired from the back of the instrument and without inter-
fering with the front key board, the keys, or the hammer mechanism.
""
This arrangement permits us to dispense with the usual "back
whether metal or wood, and enables the full volume of sound to escape
with greater freedom than hitherto.
By the employment of a cast-iron frame as above described an
instrument will retain its good qualities for any length of time, as no
warping can take place under varying or different degrees of tempera-
ture of rooms or climates, as is the case with instruments at present
constructed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CRANES FOR HOISTING PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thomas Tannett, John
Craven, and Samson Fox at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 27th April 1871.
We, JOHN THOMAS TANNETT, JOHN CRAVEN, and SAMSON Fox, all
of Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CRANES FOR HOISTING PURPOSES," to
be as follows :-
Our improvements relate to the means employed for transmitting
the required power and motion, all as hereafter described. For this
purpose we provide a pulley with any required number of grooves
formed on its periphery. In the grooves round the pulley we pass a rope
or band of wire, leather, or other suitable material two or more times,
being guided or conducted into the various grooves by one or more guide
pulleys where required. In this manner sufficient friction or grip is
produced. The motion is given to the driving grooved pulley by any
suitable motive power, and is transmitted through the rope or band to

page_text: any required number of grooved pulleys, and thence to those parts
where the motion is required. One or more of the guide pulleys may be
mounted on movable brackets for the purpose of adjusting the tension
of the rope or band.