matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHIPS' CHAIN CABLES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Betteley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th August
1855.
I, JOSEPH BETTELEY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Chain Cable
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHIPS' CHAIN CABLES" to be as follows:
According to my Invention, I make ships' chain cables of iron of the sec-
tional forms shewn at Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5,* in place of iron circular in
section, as ordinarily employed.
I also make ships' chain cables of links in which the sides are bent together
sufficiently to prevent the fouling or riding over each other of the two con-
tained links. And to obtain this bend in the links, I pass the bar of iron
before making the links between rollers, which bend the portions of the bar
which will form the sides of the links to the required curve. Or I prevent the
fouling of the links by making the links of iron rolled with projections, which
in the finished link stand partially across, and keep the contained links in their

page_text: proper places. And sometimes I combine these two methods of preventing
fouling; that is to say, I make the links with projections which stand partially
across the link, and I also bend the sides of the link so as to bring the pro-
jections nearly together. By constructing chains in this manner, I avoid the
use of a stay in the link, and yet prevent the fouling of the chain.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SURGICAL BANDAGES
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Grove Johnson, of 18, Basinghall Street, in
the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SURGICAL
BANDAGES."
Sealed the 17th April 1855, and dated the 7th February 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Grove Johnson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th February 1855.
I, JOHN GROVE JOHNSON, of 18", Basinghall Street, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SURGICAL
BANDAGES" to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object more suitable bandages for, and advantageous
method of, closing and binding up wounds and injuries to the soft parts of the
body caused by amputations, wounds, and otherwise, at the same time retaining
dressings applied thereto.
It consists in applying straps or other forms of fabric prepared with adhesive
materials in order to attach them to the sound flesh, such straps or fabrics

page_text: having fixed thereto sheet metal, or other forms of light hooks or fastenings, to
admit of flexible elastic straps of india-rubber or other suitably elastic materials
being attached thereto, in order to draw the cut or divided parts together, and
to retain other bandages, coverings, or dressings placed thereon.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MACHINES FOR PREPARING COTTON, KNOWN AS DYER'S TUBE FRAMES
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Metcalfe, William Slaiding,
and John Metcalfe at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 14th February 1855.
We, THOMAS METCALFE, Mechanic, WILLIAM SLAIDING, Cotton Stripper,
and JOHN METCALFE, Mechanic, all of Clitheroe, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
THE MACHINES FOR PREPARING COTTON, KNOWN AS DYER'S TUBE FRAMES," to be as
follows:-
The nature of our Invention consists in putting twist into the rovings of
Dyer's tube frames. One mode of accomplishing this is by attaching to the
front of the tube a box, in which are mounted a pair of calender rollers, to
one of which is fixed a spur pinion, which is driven by a pinion revolving on
a stud projecting from the box on the tube. On the same stud is a bevil
pinion, gearing into another pinion that is held fast, and through which the
tube passes; consequently, when the tube is made to revolve in the ordinary
manner the calender rollers are made to revolve, thereby putting the twist into
the roving as required.
A CARRIAGE ON TWO WHEELS FOR PASSENGER TRAFFIC, AND GENERAL CONVEYANCE OP A NUMBER OF PERSONS, OR INVALID OR WOUNDED PERSONS, TO ROTALTA
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Robert Abraham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
July 1855.
I, HENRY ROBERT ABRAHAM, of No. 11, Howard Street, Strand, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A CARRIAGE ON TWO WHEELS FOR PASSENGER TRAFFIC, AND GENERAL CONVEYANCE
OP A NUMBER OF PERSONS, OR INVALID OR WOUNDED PERSONS, TO
ROTALTA," to be as follows:-
An arrangement and adjustment of the body of the carriage, its seats, and
springs, which admit of their being carried on one axle with case and security,
the seats on the roof being nearly perpendicularly over the axle across the
carriage in a line with the axle, thus balancing or regulating the weight in
reference to the draught, and rendering it easy. The wheels, as the name
of the carriage implies, are high; the axle is better cranked or bent, so that
the step into the carriage is easy, and the centre of gravity brought low. I
propose strong side and back under springs. When fitted for an invalid car-
riage, the shelves on which the patient reposes run on friction rollers, and
have eyes to receive bearing poles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SCREW BOLTS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William James, of Crosby Hall Chambers, in the
City of London, Iron Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF SCREW BOLTS."
Sealed the 28th September 1855, and dated the 29th March 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William James at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th March 1855.
I, WILLIAM JAMES, of Crosby Hall Chambers, in the City of London, Iron
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SCREW BOLTS" to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to manufacture with facility screw bolts that
will admit of being driven into timber by blows from a hammer and of taking a
firm and secure hold therein. To this end I propose to pass bar iron between
rolls, and to form on the round bar one or more feathers, (by preference two.)
The iron thus prepared I cut into the required lengths for forming bolts, and
I hammer up the heads in the usual way; I next re-heat the bolts, and give
them a twist in the direction of their axis, and thus convert the straight feather
into a helical or spiral thread of a pitch sufficiently quick to permit of the bolt

page_text: being readily driven "home" by blows from a hammer, and yet at the same
time offering a sufficient resistance to prevent the starting of the bolt when
the timber into which it is driven is subjected to a tremulous or vibratory
action. Instead of cutting up the feathered bar and then giving the severed
pieces a separate twist, the bar may be twisted as it comes hot from the rolls,
and then cut up into lengths to form the screw bolts. Or the screw bolts may
be made by employing stamping dies or tools, having the counterpart of the
screw thread sunk in their acting surfaces, in which case ordinary round iron
will be used.. -
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS AND CAPS, AND THE EMPLOYMENT OF CERTAIN TOOLS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph John Bucknall at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th June
1855.
I, JOSEPH JOHN BUCKNALL, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " "IMPROVE
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS AND CAPS, AND THE EMPLOYMENT OF CERTAIN
TOOLS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME" to be as follows:--
The improvements have for their object to obtain increased ventilation to
the head of the wearer, by perforating with numerous holes the entire cylin-
drical part as well as the crown of the body thereof, or as large a portion
of such parts as may be found convenient; the lining of the hat or cap may,
if desired, regulate the ventilation thereof.
In perforating the hat body, I prefer to employ a piercing tool carrying
number of punches or projections, which can be used by hand or in a press,
and by which means a number of perforations can be made at the same blow.
In some cases I employ a roller, also formed with a number of projections
thereon, for the same purpose.
AN IMPROVED CON- STRUCTION OF HELMET OR HEAD-DRESS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Leetch at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st May 1855.
I, JAMES LEETCH, of Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, Gun Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CON-
STRUCTION OF HELMET OR HEAD-DRESS" to be as follows:-
I construct my improved helmet of a light frame made of steel bands
or springs, so arranged over and about an inner cap of leather or other
suitable material to fit the head, as to entirely protect the head from out-
ward violence; the steel frame may either be left bare, or covered over with
some light material to render it more ornamental. In the accompanying
Drawings, Fig. 1 represents the frame of steel, the use of which constitutes my
Invention; Fig. 2 shews this frame attached to the inner form or scull cap
which fits the head; the frame is here shewn without any covering, that
the nature of the Invention may be better understood. The shock of a blow
upon a helmet so constructed recoils upon the object which strikes it, on
account of the curved form and the elasticity of the steel bands, and a sword
blade is glanced off it from the same cause.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPING HORSES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Maurice Guillemot at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th November
1855.
I, MAURICE GUILLEMOT, of Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
STOPPING HORSES" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of two pieces placed almost horizontally, made with a
hinge, and two upright pieces as in ordinary bits; each of these is kept in its
proper position by a bolt-spring, which serves to open them, so that when they
are in their normal state or position they do not touch the horse; to each of these
pieces is attached a small stopper corresponding to the nostril of the horse, so
that by managing these two pieces the nostril of the animal can be either
slightly closed or entirely stopped up. In order to make these pieces act, they
are furnished at the ends opposite the stoppers with rings, which are placed
under the lower jaw, through which a rein is passed, so that it is only necessary
to pull it a little to make the stoppers press against the nostrils to diminish the
air which is taken in by the horse, who by this means becomes more
manageable; if at the first check he is not submissive the coachman has only
to pull the special rein so as to stop up entirely his nostrils; the horse then is
compelled to stop, being no longer able to breathe. These two pieces or

page_text: branches being always brought back by bolt-springs or others, take up their
normal position without requiring to be re-adjusted by any person, and are
always ready for use in case of need, that is to say, when the horse becomes
restive from any cause whatever. Finally, the mechanism can be entirely
concealed by a small cover placed on each side, like those which are generally
in use in ordinary bits, so that nothing remains but the two branches to which
the stoppers are attached, which does not spoil the beauty of the bit.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF STEAM FROM THE BOILER TO THE CYLINDER, AND THEREBY BETTER GOVERNING THE MOTION OR SPEED OF STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Poole,; of. 2, Riley Street, Chelsea, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
MODE OF REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF STEAM FROM THE BOILER TO THE
CYLINDER, AND THEREBY BETTER GOVERNING THE MOTION OR SPEED OF STEAM
ENGINES."
Sealed the 20th May 1856, and dated the 20th November 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Poole at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
November 1855.
I, JOHN POOLE, of 2, Riley Street, Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVED MODE OF REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF STEAM FROM THE BOILER TO THE
CYLINDER, AND THEREBY BETTER GOVERNING THE MOTION OR SPEED OF STEAM
ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The usual method of regulating the supply of steam to the cylinder is by
certain appliances connected with and governed by the speed or motion of the
piston. I propose that the supply shall be regulated by the steam itself
directly and not indirectly by means of machinery connected with the piston.
purpose to effect this by the application of one or more round or other
I

page_text: shaped discs, plates, valves, or pistons, moving or sliding, inserted anywhere
and in a suitable manner within the tube or box conveying the steam from
the boiler to the cylinder, the said discs, plates, valves, or pistons either
connected or not with the present throttle valve and governor of engines;
thus when, caused by an increased velocity of the piston, produced from a
sudden diminution of the load or resisting force, the pressure or clasticity of
steam in the boiler is greater that that in the cylinder, the steam from the
former will press upon the valve, disc, plate, or piston, and forcing it inwards
cause it to contract or decrease the orifice or opening through which the steam
passes to the cylinder, thereby retarding the supply, and consequently reducing
the speed of the piston or engine, and continue so to do untill the pressures
in the boiler and cylinder become again equalised.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR SEWING OR STITCHING AND ORNAMENTING CLOTH OR OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Kidd at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th November 1855.
I, JOSHUA KIDD, of No. 75, Newgate Street, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS
FOR SEWING OR STITCHING AND ORNAMENTING CLOTH OR OTHER FABRICS" to be
as follows:-
My improvements relate to that class of sewing or stitching machinery
where two threads are used. Ono thread is placed in a stationary thread
holder of convenient shape, and the other is conducted by a needle, which has
a vertical and inclined motion imparted to it, and is thereby caused to move
the thread round the stationary thread carrier or holder.
And the improvements consist, first, in the application of a stationary thread
holder or carrier of any convenient shape, made to contain thread or silk so
placed as to allow a second thread to pass round it.
Secondly, to the application of a jointed needle carrier, whereby the needle
which conducts the upper thread is caused to incline or oscillate during its
withdrawal from the cloth or fabric, and pass the thread it carries round the
stationary thread holder, thus interlooping the two threads together.
Thirdly, the application of the needle and carrier as a feeding part, to
move the cloth or fabric on step by step the required distance for the stitch.

page_text: Fourthly, the application of a suitable arrangement of machinery to act
against each side of the needle carrier, thereby causing it to incline the needle
and move it backwards and forward horizontaly on a pin attached to the
slide at the required moment.
Fifthly, the application of a lever moving on a stud or pin affixed to the
framework of the machine, one end of which lever works in a groove or cam
formed in a balance wheel, constructed to give the lever a rising and falling
motion, the turning of which wheel gives motion to the machine; the other
end of the lever is attached to the slide.
Sixthly, the application of a second feeding arrangement, to be used for
fabrics where the other feeding principle may not be suitable. A roughened
shoe is made to press upon the fabric, which has a backward and forward
motion given to it by the lever or slide, so as to release and move on alternately
the fabric the required distance of a stitch.
Seventhly, to the general arrangement of machinery and parts, or any
modification of the same, which I shall more particularly describe and set forth
in my complete Specification.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Fielding and William
Hopwood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 6th June 1855.
We, JOHN FIELDING and WILLIAM HOPWOOD, of Blackburn, in the County
of Lancaster, Power Loom Cloth Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS" to be as follows:-
Our said Invention relates, firstly, to that part of a loom technically called
the check strap, which works the picker motion, and which consists of a stud
fixed to the front of the slay, with a groove in it for the strap to work on
both ends of the spindle, by which we diminish the quantity of strapping now
used; or we work the picker by means of two springs, one at each end of
the bottom of the shuttle box, and thus avoid the necessity of check straps
altogether.
Secondly, to a means of avoiding floats, or, in other words, to stop the loom
when floats are made; and which consists of using an extra reed at the back
of the slay, and so connected with the stop motion, that if broken warp threads
or floats become entangled with the said extra reed, the loom will stop.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC RODS, BARS, AND TUBES
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Iliffe at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th March 1855.
I, CHARLES ILIFFE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC RODS, BARS, AND TUBES," to be as follows, that
is to say:
In making iron tubes I cast a cylinder or billet, either in pig iron alone or
in a mixture of pig iron and wrought iron scrap, which can be afterwards
rolled out to any desired length upon a mandril; and for bars and rods I first
make a cylinder or billet in wrought iron, and then fill this. billet with cast
iron, and roll the whole out together. For tubes of other metals which may
be drawn or rolled cold, I charge the billet with lead or other soft metal, wax,
fat, soot, or liquids, to be afterwards melted out.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SAPETY PLUGS FOR STEAM BOILERS, AND IN VALVES FOR STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Saxon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th May 1855.
I, GEORGE SAXON, of Openshaw, near the City of Manchester, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF SAPETY PLUGS FOR STEAM BOILERS, AND IN VALVES FOR STEAM
ENGINES," to be as follows:-
In constructing fusible safety plugs for steam boilers it has hitherto been
customary to screw and rivet them into the plate of the boiler fire box, or
Now, my improvements consist
into a metal plug screwed into the said plate.
in securing a plate of fusible metal between two brass or other metal bushes,
one of which is screwed or otherwise fixed into the boiler fire box plate,
or other part of a boiler. By this arrangement the plate of fusible metal
may be made so thin that it will resist the required degree of pressure; con-
sequently as soon as it is unprotected by the water it melts, and the steam is
allowed to escape, thereby extinguishing the fire or otherwise giving notice.
My improvements in valves for steam engines consist in making the guides
of ordinary seat valves with connecting webs, the object of which is to obtain
small apertures for the passage of steam when the valve is first opened, and
which apertures are gradually enlarged as the valve rises.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM-PRESSURE AND OTHER INDICATORS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th March
1855. A communication.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM-PRESSURE AND OTHER
INDICATORS," a communication from Louis Francois Clement Breguet, of Paris,
in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain modifications and adaptions of Bourdon's
manometer and other safety-indicating apparatus, and is applicable not only
as a steam-pressure alarum indicator, but also as an alarum vacuum indi-
cator, and for indicating the level of water in steam boilers or tanks, and other
purposes where an alarum indicating apparatus may be beneficially employed.
The improvements consist in the application of a bell or gong to steam-
pressure and other indicators, which bell or gong is sounded when an alarum
is to be given by the action of a current of electricity upon the hammer, after
the mode at present adopted in electric telegraphic apparatus, the circuit for
such current being established or broken by the working or moving parts of
the safety apparatus. According to one modification, namely, that of steam-
pressure indicator, the indicating mechanism will consist of the well-known

page_text: Bourdon's manometer; in addition to which is applied the mechanism for
establishing a breaking contact for the circuit of an electric current or currents,
such currents being obtained from any convenient and simple battery. Attached
to the indicating needle, but placed behind the dial inside the case of the appa-
ratus, is a second needle, the point of which oscillates to and fro, according to
the pressure in the boiler, between two springs or contact pieces, the positions
of which may be adjusted by set screws. These springs are connected by
suitable contacts and a wire with one pole of the battery, the opposite pole
being similarly connected with the needle. As the steam rises or falls to a
maximum or minimum pressure, the needle will be brought in contact with
one or other of the springs, and so make contact, and allow of a current of
electricity passing through the apparatus to the alarum bell or gong. On the
steam resuming its original pressure, the needle will be removed from the
spring, and so break contact, thereby stopping the alarum.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF THE SALTS OF BARYTA AND OF ARTIFICIAL IRON PYRITES, AND IN THE APPLICATION THEREOF IN THE MANU- PACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF SALTS OF SODA OR OTHER ALKALINE SALTS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Calvert Clapham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th April 1855.
I, ROBERT CALVERT CLAPHAM, of Ardrossan, in the County of Ayr, North
Britain, Analytical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF THE SALTS OF BARYTA
AND OF ARTIFICIAL IRON PYRITES, AND IN THE APPLICATION THEREOF IN THE MANU-
PACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF SALTS OF SODA OR OTHER ALKALINE SALTS," to be as
follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture or production of sulphuret
of iron or pyrites and caustic baryta, and the application of these materials
in the manufacture of salts of soda and other alkaline salts; sulphate of
baryta, carbonaceous matter, oxide of iron, and any suitable flux, as car-
bonate of soda, or common salt, for example, are together subjected to
the action of heat in any convenient manner. The fluxed mass so pro-
duced is then lixiviated in water, and the products obtained are caustic
baryta in solution, and sulphuret of iron as a residue. These articles may then
be applied in the following manner :-The sulphuret of iron is either burt to
produce sulphuric acid, or the decomposition of common salt is directly effected
by it, according to any convenient method, so as to produce sulphate of soda
and oxide of iron. The sulphate of soda in solution is then subjected to

page_text: decomposition by the action of a solution of caustic baryta, producing caustic
soda and sulphate of baryta. The caustic soda is treated in the ordinary or
other convenient manner for the production of the finished article, whilst the
sulphate of baryta and the oxide of iron are re-applied for the purpose herein-
before referred to. By the adoption of this general process or processes,
artificial pyrites, caustic soda, and caustic baryta are very cheaply obtained,
and when so obtained in the manner herein-before pointed out, the sulphate of
baryta and oxide of iron are capable of continuous employment over and over
again with but small loss of weight.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN VERTICAL DIRECT-ACTION MARINE ENGINES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Hosking at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
November 1855.
I, JOHN HOSKING, of Gateshead Iron Works, in the County of Durham,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN VERTICAL DIRECT-ACTION MARINE ENGINES" to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to that class of engines in which it has been
usual to make the bed or sole plate serve the purpose of condenser pan or
bottom, which arrangement involves the necessity of a steam joint between the
condenser and the bed plate.
Now, my Invention consists in forming the air pump condenser and con-
denser bottom in one piece, independently of the sole plate, so as to obviate
the necessity for a steam joint in such situation, and also to render the engine
more simple and compact in construction, and capable, when applied to screw
propulsion, of being placed further aft in the vessel than when the condenser
bottom is, as in the usual construction, formed in the bed plate.
AN IM- PROVED PIN FOR THATCH COVERINGS FOR STACKS AND ROOFS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Fullard at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd August
1855.
I, GEORGE HENRY FULLARD, of Thorney, in the County of Cambridge,
Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVED PIN FOR THATCH COVERINGS FOR STACKS AND ROOFS " to be as follows:-
Whereas the pins now used in thatch coverings, and more especially in
those applied to stacks and ricks, from being made of wood and of an even
surface, are liable to fall out; now, my Invention consists in forming the pins.
of metal with a worm or screw at that end where the pin is to enter the
thatch; at the opposite end I form the pins with a flat head, over which an
instrument or handle may be placed to screw the pin into the thatch, or a
permanent handle may be made in one piece with the straight part of the pin.
In order to prevent oxidation, I find it better to form the pins of galvanized
iron, though I reserve to myself the right to make them in any metal.
A NOVEL CONSTRUCTION OF GAUGE KNIFE
Year: 1855

page_text: I, HENRY OVER, of Cambridge, Cook and Confectioner, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "A NOVEL CONSTRUCTION OF GAUGE KNIFE"
to be as follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to facilitate the paring of potatoes, and
prevent the great waste which generally occurs in preparing that root for the
table. To this end, I propose to construct knives with a guard, which will
stand parallel to and in front of the knife edge, and gauge the depth of the
cut, as in a spoke-shave. This guard I make capable of shifting round the
knife, or I mount the knife blade loosely in the handle (to allow of its being
shifted to suit the position of the guard), and fix it by a binding nut. By either
of these means I am enabled so to adjust the parts relatively to each other as
to ensure the paring or cutting off of a given thickness of the potatoe. Or I
can turn the blade or the guard round to suit a left-handed person.
I may
in some cases find it desirable to apply two guards to a double-edged
knife, one a little in advance of one edge, and the other in advance of the
other. This gauge knife will be applicable to various uses.
A NEW OR IMPROVED INSTRUMENT OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING, LOWERING, AND ADJUSTING BLINDS, MAPS, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Brownfoot at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th July
1855.
I, WILLIAM BROWNFOOT, of Leeds, in the County of York, Cabinet Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
INSTRUMENT OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING, LOWERING, AND ADJUSTING BLINDS, MAPS,
AND OTHER SUCH LIKE ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of an instrument or apparatus somewhat resembling
the ordinary roller blind, that is to say, consisting of a roller on which the blind
or other article is wound, the said roller having at one end an axis or drum, on
which the blind cord is coiled on the descent of the blind, and by pulling which
said cord the blind is raised. A ratchet wheel is fixed on the said drum or
axis, and a click or pall engages in the said ratchet wheel. A weighted arm
or lever hangs vertically, and is so connected with the click or pall, that when it
hangs freely, the said click or pall is disengaged from the ratchet wheel; when,
however, the said weighted arm or lever is moved horizontally (that is to say,
from the window into the interior of the room,) it presses the pall or click into
the ratchet wheel, and arrests the descent of the blind. The blind cord hangs

page_text: down vertically behind the lower end of the weighted arm or lever, and when
the said cord is pulled down vertically it has no effect upon the said arm or
lever; but if the said cord be moved from the window into the interior of the
room, it gives the before-described motion to the weighted arm or lever, and
arrests the motion of the blind. In raising the blind, it is only necessary to pull
down the cord until the said blind has been raised to the required height, and
then inclining the cord, by moving it somewhat into the room, when the blind
will be fixed. In order to lower the blind, the cord must be first slightly pulled
so as to disengage the click, when on loosing the cord the blind will descend.
When it has descended to the required distance, the cord is inclined into the
room, when the blind becomes fixed.
Although for convenience of description I have only described my Invention
with reference to a roller blind, yet my Invention is applicable to maps and
such other articles as are or may be wound on rollers after the manner of
roller blinds.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WEIGHING
Year: 1855

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hamilton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th September
1855.
I, GEORGE HAMILTON, of Great Tower Street, in the City of London,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WEIGHING" to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object a peculiar combination of mechanical parts
in constructing weighing apparatus. For this purpose, a wheel or disc is
mounted on an axis at the centre; a scale pan is attached to part of the
circumference, and in some arrangements the position of attaching the scale pan
may be variable. To another part of the disc or wheel a weight is attached,
which constantly gravitates towards a position below the axis of motion of the
wheel or disc. And in order to indicate the quantity of weight placed in the
scale pan, a hollow ring or circular tube is used containing a fluid, which,
gravitating constantly to the lower portion of the ring or circular tube,
points out on a dial the quantity of weight which has been placed in the scale.
Different weights may be used to the same instrument; or one weight may be
made adjustable to and from the centre of motion of the disc or wheel, by
which the capability of a weighing apparatus may be varied; or the apparatus
may be made for weighing articles within a fixed range.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN POSTAGE PAPER AND ENVELOPES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alphonse Pichot at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th January
1855.
I, ALPHONSE PICHOT, Printer, of Poitiers, Empire of France, and of 32,
Essex Street, Strand, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN POSTAGE PAPER AND ENVELOPES" to be
as follows:-
These improvements consist of novel or improved arrangements of letter
or postage paper and envelopes of all descriptions, applicable to both con-
jointly, or either. of them separately; these arrangements being intended,
first, to unite the envelope with the letter, note, or parcel, so that the dates,
postage marks, etc. may casily be preserved, and record of them kept along
with the letter. This may be effected in various ways, the general principle
of which being to fold the letter or leaf written upon, as usual, & cut the other
parts or leaves of the paper into one or more lappets or lapping pieces, so as
to form a more or less substantial envelope.
Second, to allow applying a second or internal seal to such letters as have
the envelopes appended to them.
Third, to prevent any loose paper enclosed in such letters or parcels being
withdrawn without breaking, the seal. This is effected by wrapping up the
loose paper in the interior letter, which has the shape of a bag, and doubling
the same up several times; also, nicking one or more corners of the square.

page_text: On
any suitable face of the bag I sometimes print a blank list of bank notes,
etc. that it may be desired to enclose.
Fourth, to render impossible or prevent breaking the seal of such letters or
envelopes without tearing and destroying the seal, and the parts to which it
sticks to the envelope or letter. I effect this by making the parts to which
the sealing wax or other sealing matter is applied like filigree or lace work,
so as to be thoroughly penetrated by the sealing matter, and be completely
torn when an attempt is made at opening the letter.
Fifth, to prevent the letter being stamped insufficiently by the sender, which
I obviate by having always the gross weight of any letter or envelope marked
in any suitable way on the letter or envelope; also, when required to the
same effect, the enclosures may be taken into account by means of a suitable
table of weights of bank notes, which I construct to that effect. I also apply
this system of marking the weight of paper to all printed papers, such as
bills, invoices, &c., which are frequently sent by post.
Sixth, to render the superscribing, stamping, or otherwise marking of letters
and envelopes more regular, by having them ruled, embossed, and divided into
proper spaces.
Seventh, to effect a more perfect sealing, by applying a particular adhesive
*seal or embossed label to the filigree seal part of the letters and envelopes,
above described.
AN IMPROVED ENAMEL FOR COATING METALS AND BRICKS
Year: 1855

page_text: aled the 3rd July 1855, and dated the 27th April 1855.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Morris Lyons at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declaration, on
the 27th April 1855, pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent Law
Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MORRIS
LYONS, of Suffolk Street, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Chemist,
send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "AN IMPROVED ENAMEL
FOR COATING METALS AND BRICKS," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant
unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent
for the same, and have made solemn declaration that I verily believe myself
to be the first and true Inventor thereof:
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Morris Lyons, do hereby declare that
the following Complete Specification, under my hand and seal, fully describes
and ascertains the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in which

page_text: the same is to be performed, in and by the following statement, that is
to say:-
My improvement consists in the employment of the following ingredients
for making an enamel in the following proportions:-I take
Finely powdered glass
Red lead
Carbonate of potash
Carbonate of soda
Boracic acid
-
six pounds.
-
-
five pounds.
one pound and a half.
two pounds.
two pounds.
Mix them well together and fuse well at a proper heat in a covered
crucible, and when sufficiently fused, pour into water. It may be used alone
or mixed with any proper colouring matter for coating metals or bricks that
will bear the heat required to fuse it in a muffle or reverberatory furnace, and
may be applied to the surfaces when finely powdered, either dry or moist, in
the usual well-known manner.
In witness whereof, I, the said Morris Lyons, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
MORRIS IVONS
1
MORRIS LYONS. (..)
IMPROVE- MENTS APPLICABLE TO LOCOMOTIVE STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Clarke at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd February 1855.
- A communication.
I, PETER CLARKE, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS APPLICABLE TO LOCOMOTIVE STEAM ENGINES" to be as follows:-
They have for their object the economy of fuel in the generation of the
steam, which is accomplished by arrangements which also have the effect of
diminishing the counteracting or "back pressure" of the exhaust steam on
the pistons of the engine. The said improvements consist in arrangements for
modifying "the blast" or controling the vacuum or draught caused by the blast
in the smoke boxes of locomotive engines, so that its action may be more
effectively distributed amongst the tubes of the boiler than is the case in loco-
motives as now generally used, in which the heated air and other gases from
the furnace is caused by the blast to pass principally through a few of the tubes
of the boiler, leaving a great number partly, if not wholly, inoperative. The
arrangements referred to consist in encircling the end of the "blast pipe" or
pipes with a short conic-formed tube or cylinder, which is itself encircled by
another cylinder modified in extent to suit the peculiar construction of each
engine, and in forming a partition across the smoke box between the ends of
the tubes and the door of the smoke box; or it consists in forming a partition

page_text: or partitions arranged between the ends of the tubes and the blast pipe, to
control the action of the draught which may be adjusted or regulated for the
peculiarities of cach draught, by perforations made at suitable places through
the said partitions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF SUBSTANCES FOR FOOD
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Toussaint Delabarre and Angéline
Bonnet at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 6th January 1855.
We, TOUSSAINT DELABARRE and ANGELINE BONNET, both of Paris, in the
Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF SUBSTANCES FOR FOOD" to be as follows:-
We propose to preserve meat, poultry, bread, eggs, vegetables, or pastry, by
coating them over with a varnish made from the flesh and bones of animals,
which we boil, and obtain therefrom a rich syrup, which we clarify by the aid
of albumen, and having added thereto (while the syrup is warm) alcohol. The
varnish being so made, we coat over the substance to be preserved, either by
immersion in the liquid varnish, or by coating it over with a brush. The sub-
stance to be preserved, as meat or poultry, should be so dry on its surface as
to enable it to receive readily the coating of varnish; bread and pastry will
naturally be dry on the surface. But in the case of vegetables, we propose in
some cases to parboil, and then dry them sufficiently for the beneficial reception
of our preserving varnish. After the article is coated with the varnish, it
should be exposed to a dry current of air for one or more days, according to the
nature or size of the substance, and when so dried, it will keep good and fit for
food (the aroma of substance being also preserved) for a great length of time.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR THE CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE, DRYING TAN AND SIMILAR SUBSTANCES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Denner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th October 1855.
I, JOHN DENNER, of No. 11, Albion Grove West, Islington, County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR THE CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE, DRYING TAN
AND SIMILAR SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in so connecting a fanner with the furnace as to
produce a blast at the bridge or bridges (if more than one), by means of a tube
or tubes passing from the fanner through the ash-pit and terminating in
smaller tubes which pass through the bridge or bridges as aforesaid and open
on the surface. By this contrivance a better and more effective delivery of
the draught is effected than otherwise, and the smoke thereby consumed; the
quantity of the blast being regulated at will by having a throttle valve at the
fanner ends of the tubes.
The drying of tan, &c. is effected by constructing around the ambit of the
fanner case a framework with suitable compartments for the reception of
the tan, &c. to be dred, which is exposed to the blast of the fanner in its
revolutions when supplying the blast to the furnace.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY AND SIDINGS OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Sam North at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th March
1855.
I, ROBERT SAM NORTH, of Gorton, near Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY AND SIDINGS OF RAILWAYS" to be as
follows:-
Firstly, in making the rails in two or more parts longitudinally and bolting
them firmly together, so as to form a continuous rail.
Secondly, in making that part of the rail on which the wheels run of such
a shape as to suit exactly the periphery of the wheels, by which splitting or
laminating of the flanges is prevented. I also give a continuous support
under the flange of the rail by means of angular pieces, which form a con-
tinuous chair or support to the rail; by this plan of making the rails in parts,
that portion which is worn or damaged can be removed, and a fresh piece
replaced without removing the other parts.
Thirdly, in making the rail itself form a stop block, by causing a part of it
to rise on a pivot, and thus allow any carriage or waggon to enter the

page_text: siding, but not to leave it until allowed to do so by the person in charge of
the siding.
Fourthly, in making the sleepers for the rails to rest upon transversely, and
of iron or other suitable metal.
A NEW MATERIAL FOR ORNAMENTING VARIOUS ARTICLES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd August
1855. A communication.
-
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glass, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A NEW MATERIAL FOR ORNAMENTING VARIOUS
ARTICLES," communicated to me from Charles Victor Beslay, of Paris, in the
Empire of France, Merchant, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the production of a fabric or material suitable for
ornamenting various articles by being applied thereto, thereby giving such
articles so ornamented the appearance of japanning.
The improvements consists in the production on paper or cloth of any kind
of an imitation japan, composed of various colors or materials, according
to taste, but mother-of-pearl will be the material I should most frequently
employ for ornamenting the fabric. If mother-of-pearl be employed, it is
used very thin, & is shaped according to any desired pattern. This substance
is then laid on the surface of the paper or cloth; a thin coat of liquid or
transparent gelatine is applied to those surfaces of the cloth or paper not
covered by the mother-of-pearl, so as to fill up the hollow between the

page_text: mother-of-pearl, which would otherwise stand up slightly from the surface
of the fabric, by which means a perfectly even, smooth, and glossy surface is
obtained. The design may then be painted according to taste, and the colors
so applied are preserved from contact with the air by one or more thin coats
of gelatine or varnish, according to the nature of the paper or cloth employed.
This paper or cloth so ornamented may be used for ornamenting various
articles, such as glove boxes, sweetmeat boxes, cigar cases, porte-monnaies,
tea caddies, and other similar articles, by being simply gummed or cemented
thereto.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING METALLIC TUBES AND PIPES, AND IN THE MACHINES OR APPARATUS USED FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Baptiste Dechanet and
Antoine Dominique Sisco at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 26th March 1855.
We, JEAN BAPTISTE DECHANET, Iron Manufacturer, and ANTOINE DOMINIQUE
Sisco, Practical Engineer, both of Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS
OF MANUFACTURING METALLIC TUBES AND PIPES, AND IN THE MACHINES OR
APPARATUS USED FOR THAT PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
Our process, which is to be applied to the manufacture of tubes or pipes
when a great resistance is necessary, consists in winding or rolling tightly
round a mandril sheets of either iron, steel, or compounds of both these, or
any other suitable metals, as many times as is necessary to produce tubes
or pipes of the required size and thickness. The layers of these rolled sheets
are then made to adhere together by soldering them, either with copper, gun
metal, or brass, or any other available metal or alloy, according to the kind
of metallic sheets which have been employed to make the said tubes or pipes.
These tubes or pipes may in many instances be substituted for cylinders or
rods of solid metal.
The machine or apparatus used for rolling or winding the metallic sheets
above alluded to is represented in the annexed Drawing.

page_text: The machine is fixed on a wood or cast-iron plate A, supported by 4 feet B.
Two cranks M, M', are used to give motion to the spindle or mandril round
which the metallic sheet is wound, so as to form the tube or pipe.