CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES, CANDLE- STICKS, OR CANDLE-HOLDERS, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1842

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FRANCIS
PRIME WALKER, Junior, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Coal
Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria did, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, bearing date the Ninth day of May, One thousand eight hundred
and forty-two, give and grant unto me, the said Francis Prime Walker, my
exors, adiñors, and assigns, Her especial licence that I, the said Francis
Prime Walker, my exors, adiñiors, and assigns, should and lawfully might,
during the term of fourteen years therein mentioned, make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES, CANDLE-
STICKS, OR CANDLE-HOLDERS, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH;" in.
which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that if I, the said Francis
Prime Walker, should not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of.
my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be
enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
then next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, that then
the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages thereby granted, should
utterly cease, determine, and become void, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I do hereby
declare that the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in which the

page_text: same is to be performed, is particularly described and ascertained by the
description and statement herein-after contained, with the aid of the Drawing
hereunto annexed, and herein referred to, and in which Drawing I have
employed throughout the same letters or numbers of reference to denote the
same parts in all the different Figures in which the same letters or numbers
occur; and to avoid the multiplied use of the same letter of reference when
referring to several similar or corresponding parts marked with the same
letter in the Figure or Figures in which they occur, I declare that by a
reference to any single letter, I intend to refer to all the parts (if more than
one) marked therewith in any Figure or Figures in which the same occurs.
My improvements in the manufacture of candles consist in manufacturing
mould candles of a cylindrical form or circular in the cross section, and mould
and dip candles of an oval or any other oblong form, (that is, oval or oblong in
their cross section,) with three or more wicks in each candle, ranged in a
straight line or nearly so across the width or thickness of the candle, and
extending from the top to the bottom of the candle in a direction parallel to
each other and to the sides of the candle, so that when the candle is ignited
the flame of the internal wick or of each internal wick unites with the flames
of the wicks external to it, so as thereby to form one flame from all the wicks,
resembling in some measure a flame of gas of the form commonly called the
bat's-wing, by which means I obtain a greater illuminating power than from
candles made in the ordinary manner.
In the annexed Drawing, Fig. 1 represents a vertical section, and Fig. 2 a
plan, of an oval mould for forming a candle with three or more wicks, into
which, after the wicks are placed and secured at their proper distances, in
manner similar to the usual mode of placing and securing a single wick, the
fluid tallow, stearine, or other substance employed is poured, and in which it
remains till it is sufficiently cooled, when the candle is withdrawn or removed
from the mould in the ordinary manner. Fig. 3 represents a side view of
such an oval candle, and Fig. 4 a cross section of the same.
Fig. 5 represents a vertical section, and Fig. 6 a plan, of a circular mould
for forming in a similar manner a cylindrical candle with three or more
wicks, as shewn at Figs. 7 and 8.
Dip candles with three or more wicks I make by taking partially formed
dip candles, and arranging them in parcels or sets of three or more (according
to the required number of wicks), side by side and in contact with each other,
cach set or parcel being suspended by their wicks fromgrooves on the rod
commonly used, and then again dipped so as to be unitedr in one candle.
Fig. 9 represents an improved candlestick, holding three separate candles

page_text: b, c, d, so near to each other, that when they are ignited the flames of the
three candles are united into one flame, as exhibited in the Drawing; each
candle is in a separate small tube h, as is shewn in the sectional part of the
Figure, and the candles are raised when required by the rods e, f, g, which
support the candles in the tubes inserted; these rods are at inserted at the
bottom into the piece h', and are pushed up when necessary by a stud pro-
jecting therefrom through a slot in the candlestick, or by any other convenient
means. A candlestick of this description may obviously be adapted to three
or more candles, as may be required.
Fig. 10 is a vertical section, and Fig. 11 a plan, of an improved oval
candlestick, in each of which Figures i is a screw working into the sliding
piece j, which it. moves horizontally either forwards or backwards, so as to
press the candle firmly against the opposite side of the stick, and thus to
accommodate the candlestick to candles of different diameters.
Fig. 12 is a vertical section of a round candlestick; and Fig. 13 is a plan
of the same candlestick with improvements, consisting of the spring z, and the
slides attached; this spring z, by pressing the slide ; against acandle, forces
it to the opposite side of the stick and secures it in its place.
Fig. 14 is a side view, and Fig. 15 a front view, of an improved candle-holder,
which may be made of iron or brass, or other suitable metal, but I prefer and
use steel.
It is shewn that this holder is formed of two pieces, k being the
top pieces and the bottom pieces, with a rivet uniting the two pieces at the
narrow parts m; the top piece k, as shown in Fig. 14, is formed to hold a
candle, the two. sides being united by a narrow strip of metal, that acts as a
spring, and admits.the sides to expand, so as to accommodate the holder to.
candles of different diameters; the sides of the bottom parpare similarly
united, and admit, by the elasticity or spring so produced, of that part being
inserted into candlesticks of different diameters, and at the same time retained
in its place by the tendency of the sides to expand.
Fig. 16 is a side view of a pair of snuffers, having the cutting part n made
long and convex, so that when used to snuff my improved candles, or candles
placed in my improved stick, as at Fig. 9, the centre or internal wick or wicks
may be snuffed shorter than those on the outside, in order to prevent the
centre part of the united flame from rising higher than those parts of the flame
which proceed from the side wicks, by which means a less quantity of smoke
is made than would otherwise be the case.
Having now described the nature of and manner of performing my said
Invention, I hereby claim as of my Invention, the manufacture of such candles
as hercin-before mentioned with three or more wicks arranged in the manner

page_text: herein-before expressed; and I claim the exclusive use, for the purposes of such
manufacture, of the moulds and apparatus herein-before described as employed
by me therein; and I also claim as of my Invention, the several improvements
herein-before. described in candlesticks or candle-holders, and in apparatus
connected therewith, for the several purposes and objects herein-before
expressed or appearing; and I declare that my Invention, as herein-before
described and explained with reference to circular or oval candles, may also be
applied in the manufacture of candles of any other form in their cross section
which may be found convenient, whether square, lozenge-shaped, or otherwise,,
and that suitable adaptations of the moulds and of the candlesticks or candle-
holders, will be required with reference to the particular form of candle, which,
application, and adaptations will be easily effected by competent workmen
without departing from the nature and object of my Invention as herein
described, and to which Invention I claim to be entitled, however so applied
or adapted.
Thoroof. I here hereunto set my hand and seal this Fifth