AN T. PROVED STOVE UK FIRE-URATE, FOR HEATING, COOKING, DOILING, OR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Felix Hoyos, of Paris, Rue de Chaillot, No. 42,
in the French Empire Manufacturer, for the Invention of "AN T.
LETTERS PATENT to Felix Hoyos, of Paris, Rue de Chaillot, No. 42,
in the French Empire Manufacturer, for the Invention of "AN T.
PROVED STOVE UK FIRE-URATE, FOR HEATING, COOKING, DOILING, OR OTHER
SIMILAR PURPOSES"
"
PROVED STOVE OR FIRE-URATE, FOR HEATING, COOKING, DOILING, UK
SIMILAR PURPOSES
OTHER
Sealed the 19th August 1863, and dated the 16th March 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Felix Hoyos at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th March 1863.
I, FELIX Ho os, of Paris, Rue de Chaillot, No. 42, in the French Empire,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " AN
IMPROVED STOVE OR FIRE-GRATE, FOR HEATING, COOKING, BOILING, OR OTHER SIMILAR
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a novel mode of constructing stoves or fire-
grates, by which the air is caused to descend and pass through the fire therein
and then pass upwards and escape through the centre of said stove, thus
effectually consuming the smoke and rendering the stove available for
various useful purposes.
The stove is made in the form of a hollow truncated cone, fitted with a
plate pierced with projecting taper holes; the centre of this plate is also,
formed with a taper tube at its centre to receive a pipe.
Operations of the stove.-When it is desired to light the fire in the stove
[Price 8d]

page_text: you must close the lower part thereof, either by adapting a bottom thereto,
or by placing same on a sandy surface, into which the edge or rim of the
oase, of the stove penetrates sufficiently deep to prevent the external air
creeping into the pierced plate aforesaid, then place thereon the fuel and set
light to it, and the following phenomenon will be produced:-The air pre-
cipitated upon the surface of the fuel traverses through its thickness, passes
through the perforated plate, thence through the lower opening of the pipe
by which it escapes, and as it ascends draws with it the smoke, thus con-
stituting the principle of action of the stove. The first characteristic of this
improved stove is therefore the descending draught; the second, which
results from the first, is the complete consumption of smoke when the fuel is
well lighted. This consumption of the smoke is obvious, seeing that the draught
is caused to descend when fresh fuel is placed in the stove upon the incan-
descent fuel therein, and the smoke burnt, as also all gases produced, and this
before they arrive at the lower opening of the pipe, by which the draught
escapes, thus the uppermost opening of the said pipe does not let either
smoke or smell escape.
This stove once lighted and during the lighting
thereof can be placed in a chamber of any size, which it will heat to the highest
temperature, according to the purpose required and the size of the stove.
Applications of the stove.-For example, if it is required to apply the stove
to bake bread, it may be done at a small expense by the following means:-
Take a piece of sheet iron, coated with clay or plastic and other material,
said piece having two concentric grooves formed on its upper side; on said
piece the stove is placed either before or after lighting the fire; a cap piece
is then placed in one of the grooves aforesaid; said cap is formed with a
conical opening through which passes a pipe from the centre of the fire-
grate, the cold air passes downwards outside this pipe, thence through the
fire, and escapes with the gases up the centre of the aforesaid pipe. The
joints of the two concentric grooves above mentioned may be made air-
tight by a bed of sand placed therein; when the case has been sufficiently
heated, the stove and pipe are removed, the bread to be baked placed on
the plate on which the stove previously stood, the cap of the case of the
stove replaced, and a stopper placed in the hole in said cap; in a short time
the bread will be perfectly baked, the stopper aforesaid during the operation
being raised occasionally to let the vapour escape.
The above stove is applicable to a variety of useful purposes, requiring but
trifling modifications to adapt same to the particular purpose to which it may
be desired to apply it.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Felix Hoyos in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th
September, 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FELIX
Hoyos, of Paris, Rue de Chaillot, No. 42, in the French Empire, Manufac-
turer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Felix Hoyos, Her special licence that I, the said Felix Hoyos, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Felix Hoyos, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED STOVE OR FIRE-
GRATE FOR HEATING, COOKING. BOILING, OR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Felix Hoyos, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my or their, or one of
their haud and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
Baid Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Felix Hoyos, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per.
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
that is to say:-
This Invention consists of a novel mode of constructing stoves or fire-
grates, by which the air is caused to descend and pass through the fire
therein and then upwards and escape through the centre of the stove, thus
effectually consuming the smoke and rendering the stove available for
various useful purposes.
The stove is made in the form of a hollow truncated coue, fitted with a
plate pierced with projecting taper holes; this plate is also formed
with a taper tube at its centre. to receive a pipe..

page_text: My Invention will be best understood by reference to the accompanying
Drawings.
A, Figures 1 and 1ª, is a cylindro-conical chamber or fire-place, which
may be opened or closed at bottom at will; B is a grating at the bottom
of the fire-place A; this grating may be replaced by a plate C, Figure 1b,
pierced with holes, which should by preference be made to form slightly
conical apertures. There is an opening in the middle of the grating or
plate furnished with a pipe F, on which another pipe D, which be
removed and replaced at will, is fitted.
may
The stove just described may be varied in form and dimensions, provided
the general construction thereof is retained.
Figure 2 shews in vertical section, and Figure 3 in plan, a modification
which may be adopted when it is desired with a larger fire-place not to
increase the expenditure of fuel in proportion. I surround the tube F with
a block E, either solid or hollow, which diminishes the capacity of the fire-
place A, by occupying a space around the tube. When the block E is
hollow, it may be beneficially utilized for many purposes.
When the fire is to be lighted I close the lower part of the fire-place by
fitting a bottom thereto, or by placing it on a surface covered with sand,
into which the bottom edges penetrate sufficiently to prevent the external
air passing under the grating B. I supply fuel to the fire-place A, which
rests upon the grating or plate B; a plate is always preferable to a
grating, because from the sides of the holes being made to slightly project
the pieces of fuel are sufficiently separated to allow free passage for the
air, and the combustion is thus facilitated.
I cover the fuel in the fire-place A with shavings or analogous substances,
and set light thereto.
The following action then takes place:-The external air rushes on to
the surface of and through the fuel, through and under the grating B, and
enters the tube F, by which it escapes into the tube D, taking with it the
smoke caused by the lighting of the fire, which is all the smoke the fire-
place produces.
The chief feature of my fire-place is therefore the drawing from top to
bottom; the next important feature, which is the result of the first, is the
complete consumption of the smoke after the fire is once lighted. When
fresh fuel is added to the incandescent fuel, the smoke produced is drawn
down through the incandescent mass, and is burnt as well as all the gaseous
products before arriving at the lower extremity of the escape tube; thus
no smoke nor smell escapes from the stove.

page_text: The stove may be placed in any chamber desired to be heated for domestic,
scientific, or industrial purposes.
The tube 1) may be directed downwards if desired. The apparatus may
be converted into a hot air stove by simply placing it on a plate supported
by bricks.
I now proceed to describe, by way of example, the manner in which my
store may be applied for baking. I take a bed or support I, Figures 4
5, 7, and 8, of sheet iron lined with fire-clay, or of brick, cast iron, refrac
tory earth, or other suitable material, and with two concentric grooves on
the upper part thereof; I place on this bed I the fire-place A, Figure 1,
before or after lighting, which fits into the inner groove, as seen in Figure 5.
I then place over the fire-place a cover or cap J, Figures 6, 7, and 8, which
fits into the outer groove of the bed, and I thus obtain the combination
shewn in elevation in Figure 7, and in vertical section in Figure 8, which
latter Figure shews the internal construction of the cover J, and of the
whole apparatus; it will be observed that this cover has a conical aperture
for the passage of the tube; the diameter of the tube must be less than
that of the aperture, to allow free passage to the air to the fire. The interior
of the cover is of nearly the same configuration as the fire-place, except at
its upper part which is slightly arched. The cover is furnished at bottom
with a rib a, which enters one of the grooves i of the bed I as shewn. In about
40 or 45 minutes the cover is sufficiently heated, I take it off and remove the
fire-place, which from its lightness is very transportable; it may be readily
moved by inserting the prongs of the fork f, Figure 9,into holes 7, 1, Figure 5,
formed in the side of the fire-place. I then put the bread to be baked upon
the bed I, place the cover J over it, and close the aperture d in the upper
part thereof by a stopper b, Figure 10; in about forty or forty-five minutes
the bread is baked. It is advisable to take out the stopper occasionally during
the baking, to allow the excess of vapour disengaged by the paste to escape.
If the fire has been kept alight in the stove, it may be replaced, and the
temperature of the cover may be raised again,and a fresh baking commenced.
I can thus, by re-heating the cover, bake a loaf every hour at very small
cost. Several ovens may be arranged on the same plate or bed with or
without communication with each other.
Figures 11, 12, 13, and 14, shew the manner in which my fire-place may
be employed for heating liquids for baths and other purposes, and for
generating steam.
The arrangement represented in vertical section in Figure 11, and in hori-

page_text: zontal section in Figure 12, is applicable either to the generation of steam
or to the heating of liquids. The external case or boiler H is furnished in the
interior with a second chamber K, the upper part of which is provided with
a pipe L, which passes through and extends a short distance above the cover
M of the boiler. The chamber K is arranged so that it is entirely surrounded
with water. A short pipe is fixed on the centre of the cover M, concentric
with the pipe L, but extending to little above it. Small holes are formed in
the cover M between these two pipes, to allow passage for thin films of
steam; these holes may be closed when required. A pipe D passes through
the centre of the pipe L to the fire-place A, and fits at bottom into a neck
filled with sand on the upper part of the pipe F; or this neck may be re-
placed by two concentric tubes with sand or other suitable material between
them. The pipe D being movable, it is raised when the fire-place is to be
removed from or placed in the chamber K. The steam which escapes through
the holes in the cover is drawn into the pipe L, and follows the same course
as the atmospheric air, that is to say, it descends outside the pipe D, and
enters the fire-place A, where it is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen,
and thus facilitates the combustion. When the fuel is all burnt, the pipe
D is removed, and the fire-place A is taken out and replaced by another
fire-place filled with fresh burning fuel, and so on. The opening to the
chamber K is hermetically closed by a door or otherwise.
In the arrangement shewn in Figures 13 and 14, the pipe D is fitted by a
joint to a coil N, which leads the hot air and heated gases from the fire-place
A into the escape tube P. The large surface presented by the coil contributes
greatly to the production of heat. At the upper part of the boiler H is a
safety valve m, and the steam pipe n furnished with a cock o. This pipe n
discharges steam on to the top of the fire, and thereby facilitates combustion.
The junction of the pipe F with the pipe D is formed by two shoulders or
flanges r, s, so that when the fire-place is in position, these two pipes are con-
nected by a perfect joint. An air tube K' is placed in a convenient part of
the boiler communicating with the upper part of the fire-place to supply air
thereto. When the boiler H is intended only to heat liquids, I fit two
pipes t, u, thereto; the pipe t leads from the upper part of the boiler to a
supply reservoir R, and is prolonged to a certain height therein; the pipe u
leads from the lower part of the boiler to the bottom of the reservoir R. A
constant supply of water to the boiler is thus kept up, for the hot water driven
by pressure into the pipet rises to the level ofthe liquid in the reservoir R, while
-colder water from the reservoir descending by the pipe u enters the bottom of

page_text: the boiler. This arrangement is particularly adapted to heating water for
baths. The apparatus represented in Figure 11 may be supplied in the
same manner.
To light the fires necessary for the heating, and to utilize all their heat,
even at the time of lighting, I arrange at the side of the boiler a
platform t, hollow underneath and communicating by a pipe U with the
lower part of the boiler. This platform has an aperture in the centre, through
which the smoke and flame pass during the lighting of the fire. I place
the fire-place A on this platform, taking care to close the upper orifice of
the pipe F, and I open the valve v of the platform. The products of com-
bustion pass by the pipe U into a chamber V below the boiler, and escape
by the pipe P, after having imparted their heat to the boiler.
My Invention may be advantageously and economically applied to the
boilers of locomotive, stationary, and other engines; one or several fire-
places may be employed, according to the size of the engine.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim the improved
stove or fire-grate, for heating, cooking, boiling, and other similar purposes,
constructed, arranged, and acting substantially as herein-before described
and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Felix Hoyos, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of August, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-three.
Witness,
CH. ARMENGAUD,
Civil Engineer,
23, Boulev. de Strasbourg,
à Paris.
F. HOYOS. (L.S.)