IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF CANDLES, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Henry Spicer, of Belmont Works, Battersen, in
the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CANDLES, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Sealed the 7th October 1876, and dated the 3rd May 1876.
“
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Henry Spicer at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd May 1876.
GEORGE HENRY SPICER, of Belmont Works, Battersea, in the County of Surrey.
'IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of candles,
and relates especially to the production of candles having enlarged conical and
fluted ends to enter the socket of the candlestick.
The candle moulds are enlarged at the upper end where the bottom coned and
fluted end of the candle is produced. The enlargement is of a cylindrical form,
and it receives within it a ring coned and fluted interiorly to the form which it is
desired to give to the base of the candle.
The moulds are fixed in sets in an upright position in boxes, through which water
is caused to flow in order to cool them.
The ends of the wicks are held in notches formed in angle-iron bars, and each
bar is supported at its ends so as to pass immediately over a row of the candlo
moulds. The notches are so formed in the bar that the wicks held in them may
pass down the centre of the moulds and of the rings which are inserted into them.
Each mould contains a piston-like piece within it, suitably formed to mould the
tip of the candle, and it is formed at the upper end of a rod or stem which passes
down through the bottom of the mould. The piston-like piece and its rod or
stem are both so made that the wicks pass up through them from a bobbin to the
notched bar already described. Below these rods or stems there is a platform
which can bo raised by means of racks and pinions; when it is raised it pushes
up as it rises the rods or stems and the piston-like pieces which they carry, and
these as they ascend within the moulds expel the candles
Price Cd 1

page_text: The candles are lifted from the moulds, the rings which mould the conical ends
are removed, the candles are laid in a row upon a board, and the wicks are cut
off to a suitable length. This done, and the rings having been replaced in the
moulds, the free ends of the material to form the wicks of the next batch of candles
are inserted into the notched bars, and the bars are placed in their proper positions
over the moulds. The platform is now caused to descend; it carries down with
it all the piston-like pieces and leaves the wicks drawn straight down the centre
of the moulds with everything ready for the next casting.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by the
said George Henry Spicer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 2nd November
1876.
GEORGE HENRY SPICER, of Belmont Works, Battersea, in the County of Surrey.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of candles,
and relates especially to the production of candles having enlarged conical and
fluted ends to enter the socket of the candlestick, and which' are known as "self-
fitting" candles.
The candle moulds are enlarged at the upper end where the bottom coned and
fluted end of the candle is produced. The enlargement is of a cylindrical form,
and it receives within it a ring coned and fluted interiorly to the form which it is
desired to give to the base of the candle.
The moulds are fixed in sets in an upright position in boxes, through which
water is caused to flow in order to cool them.
The ends of the wicks are held in notches formed in angle-iron bars, and each
bar is supported at its ends so as to pass immediately over a row of the candle
moulds. The notches are so formed in the bar that the wicks held in them may
pass down the centre of the moulds and of the rings which are inserted into them.
Each mould contains a piston-like piece within it, suitably formed to mould the
tip of the candle, and it is formed at the upper end of a rod or stem which passes
down through the bottom of the mould. The piston-like piece and its rod or stem
are both so made that the wicks pass up through them from a bobbin to the
notched bar already described. Below these rods or stems there is a platform
which can be raised by means of racks and pinions; when it is raised it pushes
up as it rises the rods or stems and the piston-like pieces which they carry, and
these as they ascend within the moulds expel the candles.
The candles are lifted from the moulds, the rings which mould the conical ends
are removed, the candles are laid in a row upon a board, and the wicks are cut
off to a suitable length. This done, and the rings having been replaced in the
moulds, the free ends of the material to form the wicks of the next batch of candles
are inserted into the notched bars, and the bars are placed in their proper positions
over the moulds. The platform is now caused to descend; it carries down with it
all the piston-like pieces and leaves the wicks drawn straight down the centre of
the moulds with everything ready for the next casting.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to describe
more fully the manner of performing the same.

page_text: The main body of the machine is similar in construction to that known as
Stainforth's.
Figure 1 shews a plan view, and Figuro 2 a side viow partly in section of the
machine. Figure 3 shews a vertical section of one of the candle moulds.
A is the stand supporting the water box B and the troughs C, C, C. The candlo
moulds D, D, are fitted in the water box B. E, E, are the pistons with the tip
moulds attached, the upper ends of which fit exactly in the main moulds D, D,
and the pistons are raised by the lifting plate F by means of the handle G, thereby
raising or pushing the candles out of the moulds. The tops of the moulds D, Ď,
aro level with the surface of the filling troughs C, and the upper ends of these
moulds being made (as shewn) of a diameter greater than that of the bodies or
shafts of the moulds the rings H, H, which serve to form the conical ends of the
candles, fit accurately into these larger ends and rest on the shoulders, which are
formed where such larger ends pass into the shafts of the moulds. Each ring and
each larger end is formed slightly taper from above downwards, so that when the
lifters are used the rings are easily raised out of the moulds on the ends of the
candles. The wicks are held in the centres of the moulds by means of the angle-
iron wick bars I, which fit into grooves formed in the ends of the filling trough,
and which wick bars have notches along their lower web capable of holding the
wicks with a moderate degree of tightness. The rings H, H, being let into the
moulds level with the bed of the trough, the water in the box B surrounds this
part of the mould equally with the other part, so that the whole candle cools at
the same time, and the conical end is made perfect and sound, and does not need
any cutting or finishing.
The mode of working is as follows:-The machine is supplied with as many recls
of wick as there are candle moulds. The ends of the wicks are passed through
the pistons and tips to the tops of the moulds and through the rings, which are
then placed in the moulds, and the wicks are fixed in the notches in the bar.
When the moulds have been properly heated by hot water or steam let into the
water box the candle material is poured into the trough until the moulds are filled
up, and a sufficient quantity of material to supply the shrinkage lies in the trough,
ns is well known to candle makers; tho hot water is then run out and cold water
let into the box, and when the material in the trough is sufficiently cooled the
wick holder is removed and the superfluous material scraped off. After the bottoms
of the candles have been smoothed and the superfluous ends of the wicks have
been removed by means of a cutting trowel or bent knife, the candles are pushed
up out of the moulds by means of the handle which acts upon the lifting plate,
the rings H resting on the conical ends of the candles can then be removed, tho
candles are laid upon a board until the wicks are severed, and the moulds are
again ready for the operation as described.
Machines constructed as above described for manufacturing self-fitting candles
with enlarged conical and fluted ends to enter the socket of a candlestick are
simple in construction and free from the complications existing in other machines
for moulding this class of candles; they are consequently less costly, and can be
worked with greater facility; they are also more easily and cheaply repaired.
Also providing the candle moulds with rings as above described for moulding
the conical ends, and by fitting the moulds in the water box the candles are cooled
quickly and equally from one end to the other with little loss of time and with
a perfect finish to the candles.
The rings also for moulding the conical ends not being fixed in the machine
they can be readily changed, and candles with ends of different patterns can
easily be made.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention and the manner of performing
the same, I would have it understood that I claim―
First. The manufacture of self-fitting candles having enlarged conical and fluted
ends, substantially by the means above described.

page_text: Second. The combination of apparatus, substantially as above described, for
manufacturing "self-fitting" candles with enlarged conical and fluted ends.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Henry Spicer, have hereunto set ny
hand and seal, this First day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
GEO. H. SPICEK. (L.S.)