CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF YARNS AND CLOTH, AND CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THE SAME
Year: 1841

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOSEPHI
GARNETT, of Haslingden, in the County of Lancaster, Dyer, and JOHN MASON,
of Rochdale, in the same County, Machine Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Eighth day of September, One thousand eight hundred and forty-
one, in the fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Joseph Garnett and John Mason, Her espe-
cial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that we, the said Joseph
Garnett and John Mason, our executors, administrators, and assigns, and such
others as we, the said Joseph Garnett and Joseph Mason, our executors, admi-
nistrators,and assigns,should at any time agree with, and no other, from time
to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England and Wales,
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF YARNS
AND CLOTH, AND CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THE SAME," of which we
are in possession, being a communication from a Foreigner residing abroad;
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that we, the said Joseph
Garnett and John Mason, shall cause a particular description of the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent,
Price T

page_text: as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Joseph Garnett and John Mason, do hereby declare that the nature of the
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is
particularly described and ascertained in and by the Drawings hereto annexed,
and the following explanation thereof, that is to say: - .
These improvements in machinery or apparatus employed in the manufac-
ture of yarns and cloth apply more particularly to the production of such
manufactures from wool, although some of the improved machinery is equally
applicable in working cotton and other fibrous substances.
As a part of these improvements consists in the application of certain novel
mechanism or parts to well-known machines now usually employed in the
respective operations during such manufacture, and a certain other part of
these improvements consists in the application of certain arrangements of
machinery which are altogether novelas employed in the manufacture of yarns
and cloth, we will now describe the particular improvements in each depart-
ment or process of such manufacture as successively called into operation.
In order that these improvements may be fully understood, we have attached
to these presents seven Sheets of Drawings illustrating the various machines,
either perfect or in detail, and in such views or positions as will facilitate their
explanation, having marked similar letters of reference upon corresponding
parts of the mechanism in all the Figures.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Firstly, "the Washing or Scouring Machine." The improvements in this
machine are shewn in Sheet 1 of the Drawings, in which Figure 1 is an end
elevation of the ordinary washing or scouring machine now employed in the
woollen manufacture,with our improvements represented as applied thereto,
and Fig. 2 is a tranverse section taken vertically through the same. The
ordinary framework a, a, supports the squeezing rollers b, b, as usual. Our
improvement in this machine consists, firstly, in having a partition c, c,
placed in the box or vessel d, d*. The wool is put into the compartment (*,
where it is allowed to remain until it has been sufficiently soaked, when it is
to be pushed into the other compartment of the vessel in which are working
a pair of rollers e and f; the roller e may be either fluted, spiked, or plain: An
endless flexible feeder or moving surface g.g,made of cloth, wood,orothermate-
rials, is distended over the roller f, and a similar roller above. This roller h
mayeither be placed in immediate connection with the squeezingrollers, or there

page_text: may be a pair of delivering rollers i, i, between them for removing the wool
from the flexible feeder. The operation is as follows:-The several rollers all
being geared together by means of the spur and mitre wheels k, k, and the
diagonal shaft, the first pair of rollers in the box or chamber d, d, take out
the wool which is now carried forward by means of the endless feeder from
which it is conducted by the upper delivering rollers between the squeezing
rollers for delivery to the subsequent process; thus rendering the operation
continuous throughout so long as any wool remains in the box d, d, which
novel arrangement or construction of the washing or scouring machine we
claim as our Invention, particularly the moving surface or feeder g.
Secondly, "the Lapping Machine." This machine is designed to be worked
in connection with the ordinary "scribbler" or carding engine, in order to
make a narrow and perfect lap,and thus saving the intermediate operation of
winding and making the lap from small bobbins or spools between the first
and second carding engines, as will be more clearly shewn at the feeder end
of the condensor."
In Sheet 2 of the Drawings, Fig 1 is a front view of the lap machine;
Fig. 2, a side elevation; and Fig. 3, a transverse section taken vertically
through about the middle of the machine, drawu at about one fourth the
scale. This machine is designed to make or form narrow laps or spools of
wool as it comes from the "scribbler," which laps or spools are wound upon a
small bobbin placed between two side discs or plates, and so arranged that the
lap can be removed, when of its full diameter, without stopping the machine
or causing any variation in the working thereof. Side frames or stan-
dards a, a, a, a, support the necessary shafts and gearing for turning in the
wool and forming the lap; and a swing frame b, b, carries the two pairs of
revolving discs or plates c, c, and d, d, with the bobbins cand f, for receiving
the lap. This frame is capable of being turned over upon its central shaftg,g,
in order to doff the lap of wool from the full bobbin, and replace the empty
bobbin, without stopping or altering the machine. The operation of the
machine for forming these laps is as follows:-Themachine being placed either
at the front or side of the ordinary "scribbler" or carding engine, so as readily
to receive the sliver as it is delivered from such engine, power is to be com-
municated to this machine by placing the bevil wheel in gear with a similar
one upon a connecting shaft geared with the doffer or any other part con.
venient for driving. This bevil wheel is placed upon the shaft of the lower
feeding roller i, i. The sliver of wool is to be passed through the traversing
guide & between the rollers i, i; and sa these rollers are geared together by
the spur pinions, l, the wool is conducted into and passed around the bobbin'f,

page_text: placed between the lower plates or discs d, d, and is wound very tightly
thereon by friction of contact by bearing upon the two-faced bed rollers or
wheels n, n, they being also geared with the driving wheel by means of the
train of spur wheels 0, 0, 0, 0. Thus, it will be observed, that owing to the
weight of the frames b, b, and discs c and d, a very tight and compact lap or
spool will be coiled upon the bobbin f. A lever and weight, with a friction
band, may also be applied to lap tighter, the whole frame and bobbins
gradually rising together as the diameter of the lap increases. The swing
frame is kept perpendicular by means of the two vertical guide arms or
rods p, p, working in the guide pieces 2, 9, above, and having grooves or slides
below, in which guide pius r, r, are placed. The lower end of these rods p, p,
is provided with a rack sand pinion t for the purpose of the attendant holding
up the frame whilst changing the bobbins by placing his hand or foot upon
the balance wheel u, upon the extremity of the pinion shaft v. When the
lap upon the bobbin f has accumulated to the extent of the diameter of the
side discs the swinging frame is to be turned over, the sliver broken, and the
sliver end passed round the empty bobbin e, which will have taken its place
the coiling of the lap still proceeding as before. The shaft or pin w of the
full bobbin is now to be withdrawn, and the lap slipped out from the side
plates, which will remain in their positions in the swing frame; and another
empty bobbin is to be placed between the discs or plates, the shaft or pin w
replaced, and the apparatus is again ready for use, this change being effected
whilst the under lap is being coiled.
Thirdly, "the Sheeting Machine." The arrangement of this machine is
also new, and is intended to be employed for forming a number of such slivers
or laps as just described, or such slivers as are commonly wound from the
scribbler on two headed bobbins into one sheet or lap, the whole width of the
next carding engine, by placing them upon a series of drums and afterwards
passing them through this machine, and forming one lap of the whole series
previously to operating by the second carding engine.
In Sheets 1, Figures 3 is a front view of the sheeting machine, and
Figure 4 an end elevation of the same. A series of the laps or spools or
bobbins a, a, a, a, are to be placed in a frame b, b, bearing upon the bed
rollers or drums c, c, c, c, which are all geared together by the spur
wheels d, d, d, d, and turn off the slivers from the bobbins or laps.. These
slivers are conducted over guide rollers e, e, and from thence through the
apertures f,f, in the guide board g,g, these apertures being in two rows, and
the spaces being intermediate. The several slivers are all passed by the
drawing rollers h, h, towards the bobbin i, i, between the discs or plates j, j,

page_text: and are all wound thereou in one wide lap or sheet, as the bobbin i, i, revolves
upon the bed drum or roller k, k, which is geared by means of spur wheels l, l,
with the drawing rollers. Another arrangement of these rollers is shewn
detached, whereby a greater pressure may be obtained upon the slivers, if it is
required to make them unite more perfectly.
With reference to this part of these improvements we claim particularly the
use of the guide plate g, g, with its openings or apertures so arranged as to
lay the edges of the slivers one upon another, which, by the subsequent
pressure of the drawing rollers h, k, form them into a wide lap or sheet.
Secondly, the unlapping of the bobbins or spools of wool by means of the
unlapping drums c, c, c, c.
Thirdly, the use of the two loose heads or plates 1, 1, made of iron or other
suitable material, fastened by set screws to the shaft of the long bobbin i, i, and
which heads, being capable of removal after the lap is wound, allow it, when
brought to the carding engine, to be turned off by the unlapping rollers, which
cannot be effected if the bobbin heads are fixtures, as usually employed.
Fourthly, the Carding Engine. The improvements in this machine are prin-
cipally further improvement upon the carding engine for which Letters Patent
were granted by Her present Majesty to me, the said Joseph Garnett, dated
Nineteenth of January, One thousand eight hundred and thirty-nine, the
Specification of which was duly enrolled in the Office of the Rolls Chapel.
The principal part of this mechanism, and that which I denominate "The
Condenser," is exhibited in Sheets 3 and 4 of the Drawings, and are shaded
with colour, the ordinary parts of the carding engine being drawn in outline
only..
In Sheet 3, Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the machinery with the feeding
apparatus, carding engine, and condensor in their relative situations.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of the same, and Figure 3 is an end
view of the condensor.
'
In Sheet 4, Figure 1 is a plan or horizontal view of the whole, and Figure 2
is a side elevation of the opposite side of the machinery to Figure 1 in
Sheet 3.
As this part of our improvements will be readily seen in the various Figures
of the Drawings, and the principal part of. the apparatus has been fully
detailed and claimed in the aforesaid Specification of Joseph Garnett, it will
only be necessary here to particularize each distinctive feature of novelty at
present introduced.
Firstly, we now claim with reference to this part of our improvements
putting a number or series of such narrow laps or spools of wool (as described

page_text: with reference to the employment of the machine shewn in Sheet 2 of the
Drawings) side by side (either with a rod through the centre of the whole
of them or without), until they form or constitute a long lap the whole width
of the carding engine, which are shewn at a, a, a, a, in the several Figures;
these laps or rolls are placed in frames or standards b, b, b, b, at the feeding
end of the carding engine, and are supported by the unlapping rollers c, c, c, c,
the slivers d, d, d, d, are then turned into the carding engine by friction of
contact with the unlapping rollers, which are in such case respectively geared
and driven by the carding engine through the train of wheels e, e, e, e, which
turning off either of separate slivers, or whole sheets formed of such slivers,
into the carding engine hy means of the unlapping rollersc, c, c, c, we distinctly
claim as our Invention. And we also claim for the placing of these narrow
laps upon a rod or shaft side by side, to be pulled into the engine by the
strength of the slivers without using the unlapping rollers. The wool now
proceeds through the engine, and is carded in the usual manner, being taken
off in strips, slivers, or bands, and twisted by the condensor, as described in
the Specification above referred to.
Secondly, we now claim the introduction or employment of the stripper f,f,
having rings of cards g, g, or other suitable material, with intervening spaces
extending equidistant over its periphery in order to strip or doff the wool from
the doffers h, h, and to hold the slivers i, i, i, i, whilst they are being subse-
quently twisted by the endless twisting straps,, or other twisting apparatus.
We prefer these strippers f,f, to be covered with rings instead of cards from
end to end as claimed in the former Specification of Joseph Garnett, as the
thread or slivers can be better separated in consequence of the guides, 1, (see
Figures 2 and 4, Sheet 3,) fitting close up to the stripper in the space. We
also claim the making this stripper of iron or other metal. The guidej,j, (see
detached Fig. 5,) against which each thread is twisted by the endless strap,
has hitherto not been placed nearer the centre of the delivering rollers m, m,
than one half the diameter of the said rollers; therefore we claim,―
Thirdly, placing the guidej and endless belts or straps nearer to the centre
of the rollers (as seen in detached Figure 4 in Sheet 3), which will cause
much less breakage of the threads.
We also claim, fourthly, traversing these guides j,j, and threads either by
the wheels n, n, connected to the guide j working into the worm upon the
delivering roller shaft, or by any other suitable contrivance which will cause
the rollers to wear more uniformly, and also be kept much cleaner, or the
rollers m, m, themselves may be made to traverse, which would have a
similar effect.

page_text: Fifthly, we claim the delivering rollers formed with bosses or fluted pro-
jections having spaces between each boss as applied to condensor engines, and
their being made of cast iron, wrought iron, or cast steel hardened, and
afterwards being fixed upon the shaft in the manner shewn.
Sixthly, we claim the application of an under clearer o, o, (see Figure 4,
Sheet 3,) to condenser engines, either covered or plain, for the purpose of
catching any broken threads, and facilitating the piecing up of such threads.
Seventhly, we claim the method of driving the condensor by toothed gearing
worked from the main carding cylinder in the manner shewn in the Drawings,
as by such arrangement the the alteration or change of one of the pinions p,p,
upon the shaft of the delivering rollers m, m, will alter each motion con-
nected with one doffer without affecting the other, so that if both doffers
were not producing one equal weight of roving, it can readily be altered in
this manner without having to set one doffer nearer to the carding cylinder
than the other.
Eighthly, we claim the application of a dirt board or plate 9, 9, placed
under the top doffer and stripper to catch any dirt or droppings falling from
the same.
Ninthly, we claim all the several modes of doffing the full bobbin of a
condensor engine and replacing it with an empty one whilst, the machine is
running, as represented in the Drawing in connection with the condensor
engine, and also in the several detached Figures in Sheet 4. The bobbins s, s,
receive the rovings after being twisted, which are wound upon them by
friction of contact as they revolve respectively upon the drums t, t. The up-
right arm u is placed as far behind the centre of the drum as will allow the
bobbin to revolve against it by its own gravity upon the drum, aud prevent
the drum bringing it forward over the centre. When this bobbin is full, it is
taken hold of at each end by the attendant, and rolled down the drum to the
inclined arm V, as shewn in red lines, which inclination still pressing the
bobbin against the drum keeps it revolving and taking up the roving whilst
the empty bobbin is placed above, when the full one is pulled into the slot w,
the ends broken and thrown over the barrel of the empty bobbin. Variations
of this mode of doffing are shewn in the several detached Figures in Sheet 4.
In Fig. 3 the leg 1 is made shorter than the other, so that the bobbin can roll
over when it has attained its largest diameter, and coming against the spring 2
is lowered easily down to the inclined fixture 3, and attended to as before..
By a system of wheels from the drum t the bobbin may be lifted by a cam
heart and lever, and made to descend when it has one uniform length upon it.
In Fig. 4, 4, is an upright leg working in two guides or slots 5, 5, and resting

page_text: upon the spring 6. When the bobbin is full and to be removed, this is
effected by the attendant pressing down the leg 4 and operating as before
In Fig. 5 the bobbin is lifted out in the common way, and lowered on to
a fixture which has no inclination of itself, but is provided with a lever 7
which presses the bobbin against the drum. This may also be effected by a
spring or by a weight and band drawing the bobbin towards the drum.
In Figures 6 and 7 are shewn two methods of releasing the bobbin by means
of hinges 8, 8, which may be opened and the bobbin left at liberty. In
Fig. 8 is shewn another method, the centre piece 9 of which revolves on the
shaft of the drum. When the bobbin is full the fixture 10 is turned one
fourth round (which is regulated by having four notches in the centre piece,
with a spring to work in them). This brings the full bobbin to the lower
position, when the empty one is put at the top, &c. This may also be done by
the four arms being loose, and made to fit into the bosses of the centre piece,
when they have to be replaced at each operation. This would dispense with
the bottom leg, and would take less room.
We claim the use of the fixture V as applied to condensor engines for the
purpose of lowering the full bobbin upon whilst the machine is running, and
the change is effected whether it be fixed at an incline or in a horizontal
position. These several methods all being designed for the purpose of keeping
the bobbin revolving whilst the change is effected.
Tenthly, we claim the various modifications and applications of the doffer
stripper roller. There are several modes of application shewn in the linear
Diagrams drawn in Sheet 5. Fig. 1 is the application of the stripper roller a,
covered from end to end with cards or other suitable materials, to the common
doffer cylinder b, in place of the crank stock or doffer comb. Figures 2 and 3
shew in front and side views the application of two or more stripper rollersa,a,
to each doffer, whether two or three doffers are used, provided with rings of
card, plush, or other suitable material, the doffers having rings of cards as usual,
and both having intermediate blank spaces. By this application wo gain a
space, three times the breadth of the ring, between each thread, which is very
essential, in working long wools especially. Figures 4 and 5 shew the appli-
cation of two or more stripper rollers a, a, provided with rings of cards or
other suitable material, to one doffer covered entirely with cards. This is in
order that we can alter an old carding engine to a condensor, without removing
the old doffer, and also saves the necessity of cutting the frame.
We also claim the application of a roller c, c, as in Figure 6, with guides
attached to it opposite the blank spaces, which we call revolving guides, for the
threads to twist between from the doffer; and also the application of a straight

page_text: edge wire or small roller d, see Fig. 7, at the point of twisting, either to the
doffer or the clearer, to twist against.
And, lastly, with reference to the carding engine, we claim the application
and use of a rotary flyer or beater, in place of the ordinary licker-in or feeding
roller.
This improvement is shewnat Sheet 3, Figs. 7 and S. Figure 7 is a sectional
view of the feeding end of an ordinary carding engine, the rotary beater a, a,
being there applied to advance the cotton or other material towards the carding
cylinder, whereby the material is delivered in a much lighter manner, and a
considerable portion of the dirt prevented from going with the material to the
carding cylinder by falling through the grating b, b, and consequently a greater
quantity of material may be carded in a given time.
And we also claim for feeding wool, which has not been previously scribbled
into a condensor engine, with three, four, or more swifts or carding cylinders,
by which means we produce endless cardings by the use of one machine only,
and also obtain the roving more uniform than by the old method of scribbling
it first upon oue engine, and afterwards feeding it into the condenser.
Fifthly, the Roving or Stubbing Machine. Our improvements in this part
of the manufacture of yarns consist,-
Firstly, in a simple arrangement of theroving and stubbing spindle or flyer,
whereby the roving is caused to be wound upon the bobbin in a firm and com-
pact state. It is shewn in Sheet 6 of the Drawings, at Figures 1 and 2. a, a,
is the spindle; b, the bobbin'; and c, c, the two arms of the flyer. The arms
of the flyer are made elastic, and bear inwards upon the bobbin, and as its
<liameter increases expand accordingly with it, which improved arrangements
of the spindle and flyer we also claim; the principal improvement being, the
facility of doffing the full bobbin with such flyers, and, capable of being made
much lighter, they can be run at greater speed.
Secondly, we also adopt another arrangement of roving or slubbing
machinery applicable to cotton and other yarns, for winding on the rovings in
a firm and compact manner, and capable of running at a greater speed, which
is represented in Sheet 6. Fig. 3 is a side view of the apparatus, and Fig. 4 is a
partial sectional view of the same. The frame a, a, supports ordinary drawing
rollers b, b, through which the slivers pass from cans; the sliver is now passed
through the top of the flyer c, c, and down either of its legs, round which it
may be looped, and then passes into a groove formed in the upright pressing
rollers d, d, which lays it tightly upon the bobbin. The mode of driving these
pressing rollers is shewn in the plan view, Fig. 5; the spur wheel e is fixed,
by means of a pin or otherwise, to any convenient part of the frame; and the

page_text: two spur pinions fand 9, upon the lower ends of the pressing rollers, are driven.
by means of the intermediate wheels hand, which are fixed upon and actuated.
by the compensating levers k and l, so that, as the bobbin increases in diameter
and the rollers expand, these wheels will always be kept in gear, a and continue.
their rotary motion. The rollers d, d, are held against the bobbin by means of
the springs m, m, acting against their pivots or axes. A pulley n is caused to
drive the spinde and flyer, or it may be driven by askew gearing, as commonly
employed. The lifting or copping motion is effected by any well-known means
employed in connection with a tapering motion, and is communicated by the
lever o to the rod p, upon which the bobbin is fixed through the slot in the
bottom part of the spindle, as shewn in the Figure. Fig. 6 shews a modifica-
tion of the bottom plate of the flyer, in which a plain rail is substituted for the
circular plate shewn in Fig. 5, for the sake of lightness.
With reference to this part of our improvements we claim the flyer c, c,
carrying two or more pressing rollers d, d, for driving the bobbin by friction of
contact, and at the same time, by means of the rotary motion of the flyer,
putting twist in the rovings or yarns.
Thirdly, our improvements in this part of the machinery connected with the
woollen spinning process, is also shewn in Sheet 6 of the Drawings, Fig. 7
being a front view, and Fig. 8 a sectional side view of an improved machine
forgiving an extra degree of twist to the warp yarns after being spun upon the
"mule" before sizing, instead of using the ordinary "twining mill." a, a, is
the frame of the machine; b, b, two rows of bobbins or cops of yarn as just
removed from the mule. They are placed in this machine to get extra twist,
in consequence of the mule not being able to put in sufficient twist, owing to
the length of the stretch having a tendency to break the threads. The bobbins
are turned by bands c, e, from the drum d, d. The yarns or threads proceeding
from the bobbins pass over the rail e, e, and the twist is put in between this
rail and the spindles; they then proceed on to the long bobbin f, f, and are
wound thereon by friction of contact with the bed roller or drum g, to be
removed ready for sizing..
Fig. 9 shews an end view of a small frame for winding the yarn from the
mule bobbin or cop a on to a long bobbin b, b, to be respun or drawn down to
another degree of fineness without the necessity of creeling the bobbins.
We also claim the arrangement of these machines for winding on to long
bobbins, without twisting, after it has left the mule either for respinning or
sizing.
In Sheet 3, Fig. 6 represents a detached view of a modification of our
improvement upon a former Patent, dated Nineteenth June, One thousand

page_text: eight hundred and thirty-eight, granted to William Garnett, for roying or
slubbing the produce of the condenser engine. The bobbin a is to be placed
on the bed roller b, and the rovings of wool, cotton, or other fibrous substance
c, c, to be turned off by friction of contact between the rollers d, d, and the
front rollers e, e, running at a quicker speed, the roving is drawn down to a
finer thread, the twist being given by the endless belts f. The roving is then
wound upon another bobbin g without twist, ready to be removed for the
further operation of spinning, as often as may be required to obtain the
necessary fineness of the thread. We claim in this process particularly the
winding of rovings on to the long bobbin g without twist, ready for spinning,"
by friction of contact with the drum h, and also the various methods of
changing the bobbins, as shewn.
Sixthly, the Loom. This part of our improvements in the manufacture of
cloth consists in a very simple alteration in the ordinary power loom, whereby
a variable motion is given to the lathe or slay, so that more time may be
given for the pick to be thrown. It is effected merely by dispensing with the
ordinary crank shaft and the links for connecting the crank with the slay, and
substituting a straight shaft in its place, with an arm crank pin and bowe, as
shewn in Sheet 6 of the Drawings, Fig. 10 being a front view, and Fig. 11 a
side orend view. a, a, is the loom framing; b, b, a straight driving shaft to be
used in place of the ordinary crank shaft. The driving pulleyc has a crank pin d
fixed in one of its arms, working in a curved groove e, e, formed at one end of
the upright vibrating arm f. To this arm the connecting link or strap attached
to the lathe g is also jointed; thus, as the pulley c revolves, a variable motion
will be given to the lathe, and the desired effect produced, the crank arm and
link being placed at each end of the loom. The circular part may be varied.
in form to suit various kinds of work. With reference to the loom, therefore,
we claim this improvement of imparting a variable motion to the lathe or slay
by the means represented in the Drawing attached.
And, lastly, these improvements apply particularly to the pressing or
finishing of woollen, cotton, or other cloth, and consist in the application of
a novel construction and arrangement of machinery forming a rotary press for
pressing the cloth from end to end.
In Sheet 7, Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a pressing machine; Fig. 2, an
end view; and Fig. 3, a transverse section of the same. a, a, a, a, represents
a framing, made hollow, and forming a steam chamber, being heated through
the pipe or opening 6. The upper part of this chamber is formed as a
semicircular trough or concave bed, in which the cylinder c, c, revolves. In
some cases it is essential to line this with thin sheet copper. The roll of cloth

page_text: il to be pressed is supported in bearings, as shewn in Fig. 3, and has on one end
afriction pulleyand band to keep the cloth tight, and prevent it being delivered
too fast, and is passed under and around the cylinder c, c, until it is wound
upon another roll e by friction of contact. The roller e being weighted, power
may be applied to the driving pulley, which gives rotary motion to the shafts
9, 9, and spur gearing h, h, connected with the pressing cylinder, which is
provided with a lever and strong spring, or a heavy weight may be used. A
small steam pipe i perforated with holes may be applied for steaming the
cloth as it proceeds through the pressing operation; and steam may also be
introduced to the pressing cylinder through the centre of its axis. With
reference to this part of our improvements in the manufacture of cloth we
claim the whole arrangement of machinery forming a rotary pressing machine,
particularly the concave bed and the winding on again of the cloth upon the
roller e by friction of contact with the pressing cylinder.
In witness whereof, we, the said Joseph Garnett and John Mason,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Seventh day of March,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-two.
Inrolled the same Eighth day of March, in the year above written.