and in Apparatus Employed therein.
Year: 1885

page_text: and in Apparatus Employed therein.
We, RICHARD CLAYTON,, Chairman of the Cannon Hollowware Company,
Limited, Deepfields, near Bilston in the County of Stafford, hollow ware
manufacturers, JOSEPH MASON, of Castle View Terrace, Roseville, Coseley, near
Bilston aforesaid, foreman moulder, and ARTHUR JOHN SALTER CRESWELL, of
Pear Tree Road, Coseley aforesaid, hollowware pattern turner, do hereby declare
the nature of our invention for, IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING MOULDS
CASTING HOLLOWWARE, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN, to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to lessen the cost of apparatus for preparing
moulds for casting hollowware, and also to ensure greater facility in such préparation
and greater perfection in the castings.
FOR
In preparing a mould, according to this invention, for a round saucepan or other
article of a similar shape, a shell pattern of the ordinary description is employed
divided circumferentially around the largest diameter thereof (or about the middle
thereof, if the same is straight-sided) and the part of such pattern corresponding
with the lower part of the intended article has a plate or card formed therearound
and close to the junction of the two parts of the pattern, and this plate or card
forms the parting between the two box-parts in which the respective parts of the
pattern are moulded. The usual drag or bottom box-part is dispensed with, as
will be presently explained. Niches or indentations are formed in the edge of the
plate or card, in such position as to fit partially around the dowel pegs on the box-
part in which the portion of the pattern to form the upper part of the intended
article is rammed. The preparation of the mould is cominenced by placing the
last-mentioned box-part upon the moulding bench, and then placing the part of the
pattern with the plate or card therearound upon such box-part, with the niches in
the plate or card fitting around the dowel pegs, and the pattern standing upwards
from the plate or card. The top box-part is then placed upon the lower box-part
in the usual way, but with the plate or card between the two box-parts. The part
of the pattern to form the lower part of the article is then rammed up in the usual
way, and the pair of box-parts are then turned over with the lower box-part
upwards. The other part of the pattern is then fitted into the underside of the
plate or card, and is thus within the lower box-part (now the upper box-part) and

page_text: this part of the pattern is then rammed up. The core is then rammed up inside
the pattern, and a chill-plate is then placed so as to bear upon the rim of the box-
part and of the pattern, and upon the surface of the sand forming the mould and
the core; and this plate is tightly clamped to the box-part by means of ears or
catches taking under lugs projecting from the sides of the box-part. A large
opening is formed through the centre of the chill-plate to allow of the escape of air
from the core.
The core is then pricked to give a vent to the air. The lower
(now the upper) box-part, with the chill-plate thereon, is lifted from off the pattern,
and the part of the pattern thus exposed is then removed. The box-parts and
chill-plate are then put together again as before and are turned over.
The upper
box-part is then raised from off the remaining part of the pattern, which together
with the plate or card therearound is then removed. The upper box-part is then
replaced and the mould is ready for casting. It should be explained that the
thickness of that part of the pattern corresponding to the bottom of the intended
article is thicker than the bottom of the intended article to the extent of the
thickness of the plate or card, so that when the plate or card is removed from
between the box-parts the proper thickness for the bottom of the intended article
will be left between the top of the core and the corresponding part of the mould in
the top box-part. The chill-plate described takes the place of the drag or bottom
box-part employed in the usual method of moulding the description of articles
referred to, and this plate of course chills the rim of the casting; but, in the case
of articles not requiring to be turned, the chilled edge is of no consequence, and in
the case of articles requiring to be turned the usual annealing process softens the
chilled metal,
If it is preferred to employ a hedgehog to hold the core, such hedgehog is fitted
to the chill-plate by means of a turned shank within a hole through the chill-plate,
and is inserted into the core as the chill-plate is placed in position. As the lower
box-part and chill-plate are lifted from off the pattern the hedgehog is left in the
core, and as this box-part and chill-plate are lowered again into position the hole
through the chill-plate fits down again around the shank of the hedgehog. In
this case the chill-plate has openings formed around the centre, for the purpose of
pricking the core and allowing the escape of air, in lieu of the central opening
before described for this purpose.
Instead of ramming up the part of the pattern to form the upper part of the
intended article in the manner described, this part may be rammed up separately
by employing a pattern for this part only, having a plate or card around the
bottom thereof with proper indentations in the edge of the plate or card to fit
around the dowel pegs on the box-part. In this case the part of the pattern which
is fitted to the underside of the plate or card on the part to form the mould for the
lower part of the intended article is employed only for the purpose of moulding
up the core; and after the core is moulded up this part of the pattern is removed
and the part of the mould to form the upper part of the article is then placed in
position and the chill-plate is placed thereon as before. This modification is
specially applicable in the case of moulds for the larger sized articles.
The above described methods and apparatus may be employed also for preparing
moulds for oval pots, and other oval articles of a similar shape.
In preparing a mould for a negro-pot, or other article of a similar shape, a shell
pattern is employed divided transversely, as is usual, and this pattern is placed
upon a chill-plate corresponding to the chill-plate already described; but in this
case if a hedgehog is preferred to be employed it is preferably permanently fixed
to the chill-plate. The moulding box-parts are of the construction usually
employed for moulding this class of article, that for the body or waist being divided
transversely, as in the case of the pattern, and the box-part for the bottom and
legs being made to fit upon the other box-part. Stops or gauges are carried upon
the upper surface of the chill-plate so as to fix the proper position for placing the
divided box-part. The pattern and divided box-part are put together upon
the chill-plate, and the waist of the pattern is then rammed up, and afterwards

page_text: the box-part for the bottom is placed in position and rammed up in the usual
manner. The box-parts and plate are then turned over and the chill-plate
removed, after which the core is rammed up and the chill-plate replaced. The
box-parts and chill-plate are then again turned over and the box-parts removed,
The pattern is then withdrawn in halves and the box-parts replaced, and the mould
is then ready for casting.
The method of and apparatus for preparing the mould herein before described for
a negro pot, or other article of similar shape, may be employed also, if desired, in
the case of oval pots and other oval articles of a similar shape, instead of moulding.
such oval pots and other oval articles up in the manner and with the apparatus
herein previously described.
As will be readily understood, one or more of the methods and apparatus herein-
before described, modified as special circumstances may require, may be employed
for preparing moulds for most articles of hollowware.

page_text: and in Apparatus Employed therein.
We, RICHARD CLAYTON, Chairman of the Cannon Hollowware Company,
Limited, Deepfields, near Bilston, in the County of Stafford, hollowware
manufacturers, JOSEPH MASON, of Castle View Terrace, Roseville, Coseley, near
Bilston, aforesaid, foreman moulder, and ARTHUR JOHN SALTER CRESWELL, of
Pear Tree Road, Coseley, aforesaid, hollowware pattern turner, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
reference being had to the accompanying drawings and the letters of reference
marked thereon (that is to say):—
The object of this invention is to lessen the cost of apparatus for proparing
moulds for casting hollowware, and also to ensure greater facility in such pre-
paration, and greater perfection in the castings.
We will first, describe our invention specially in its application to preparing
a mould for a round saucepan or pot, when its application to preparing moulds for
similar purposes will be readily understood without need for further illustration.
Figure 1 is a vertical section through the moulding boxes and the part of the
pattern employed to form the mould for the lower part of the saucepan. Figure 2
is a plan of figure 1, but with the upper box removed; and figure 3 is a plan of
the upper box. Figure 4 is a vertical section through the moulding boxes and
complete pattern, the boxes being turned over into the reverse position to that
shewn by figure 1. In this figure, also, a chill-plate, hereinafter described as
employed in lieu of the "drag" usually employed, is shewn in vertical section in
position upon the inverted lower moulding-box. Figure 5 is a plan of the chill-
plate shewn by figure 4, and figure 6 is a vertical section through the moulding
boxes with the mould formed therein ready for casting.
The same letters of reference occurring upon two or more of these views
indicate corresponding parts.
A and B are the parts of a circumferentially divided shell pattern for forming
the moulds for the lower and upper part of the saucepan, respectively, and are
similar in character to those usually employed for the purpose. C is a plate or
card formed around the open end of the part A of the shell pattern, and forms the
parting between the two box-parts D and E in which the respective parts of the
pattern are moulded. The usual "drag" or bottom box-part is dispensed with, as
will be presently explained. Niches or indentations are formed in the edge of the
plate or card C, in such position as to fit partially around dowel pegs a a a on the
box-part E.
The preparation of the mould is commenced by placing the box-part E upon the
moulding bench and then placing the part A of the pattern, with the card C
therearound, upon the box-part E, with the niches in the plate or card C fitting
around the dowel pegs a a a, and with the part A of the pattern standing upwards

page_text: as shewn at figure 1. The box-part D is then placed upon the lower box-part in
the usual way, but with the plate or card C between the two box-parts. The
part A of the pattern is then rammed up in the usual way, and the box-parts D
and E are then turned over into the position shewn by figure 4, that is with the
box-part E uppermost. The part B of the pattern is then fitted into the upper
face (figure 4) of the plate or card C. This part of the pattern is then rammed up
in the usual way. The core is then rammed up inside the pattern, and a chill-
plate F is then placed so as to bear upon the rim of the box-part E and of the
pattern, and upon the surface of the sand forming the mould and the core; and
this plate is tightly clamped to the box-part by means of ears or catches b b (one
of which is shewn by broken lines figure 4) taking under lugs (one of which is
shewn by broken lines at j figure 4) projecting from the sides of the box-part and
inclined on their under sides to correspond with inclined parts on the ears, so that
as the plate is turned to engage the ears with the lugs it is tightened down in
place by means of the inclined parts. A large circular opening G is formed
through the centre of the chill-plate to allow of the escape of air from the core;
and the core is pricked through this opening to give vent to the air. An annular
rim or flange c c is formed around the inner face of the chill-plate F so as to
enter within the sand forming the core and securely maintain such core in position
as the box-parts are turned over, and also during the process of casting. The
box-part E, with the chill-plate thereon, is next lifted from off the pattern;
bringing with it of course the mould for the upper part of the saucepan, and the
part B of the pattern is then removed. The box-part E, with the chill-plate
thereon, is then fixed again upon the box-part D, with the card C still between
the two box-parts; and the box-parts and chill-plate, and part A of the pattern
with the card C therearound, are together turned over again to bring the box-
part D uppermost. The box-part D, carrying the mould for the lower part of the
saucepan, is then removed from off the part A of the pattern which, together..with
the card C therearound, is then removed. The box-part D is then replaced, and
the mould is ready for casting, as shewn in vertical section by figure 6.
The thickness of the part f of the pattern is thicker than the bottom of the
intended saucepan to the extent of the thickness of the plate or card C, so that
when the plate or card is removed from between the box-parts D and E the proper
thickness for the bottom of the intended saucepan will be left between the top of
the core and the corresponding part of the mould in the box D. The sides k k of
the part A of the pattern are also formed gradually thicker from the card C to the
bottom so that when the mould is put together after the removal of the pattern
and card the sides of the mould will be of uniform thickness.
The chill-plate F takes the place of the "drag" or bottom box-part employed in
the usual method of moulding saucepans (and similar descriptions of articles) and
this plate of course chills the rim of the casting; but, the usual annealing process
previously to turning the saucepans softens the chilled metal; and when the
"drag is employed in moulding other articles of hollowware, as hereafter stated,
the chilled edge is of no consequence if the articles are not required to be turned
or otherwise tooled, and if they are so required the usual annealing process is
resorted to.
:
His the git or head into which the molten metal is poured.. d d d are feet on
the chill-plate by which it is raised above the surface on which it rests, so as to
give a clear space for the escape of air from the core, and so as to allow for a
downwardly projecting part which is necessary when a socket is to be formed upon
the saucepan.
Figure 8 shews in side elevation, and figure 9 in front elevation, the means
employed for fastening the box-parts D and E together. I is a snug on the box-
part E, and m a snug on the box-part D: n is a hook swivelled to the snug
o is a sinking in the upper edge of the snug. m. When the box-parts are put
together with the card C between them, as at figure 1, the hook n is passed. over
the snug m so as to pull down upon the bottom of the sinking o; and when the

page_text: box-parts are put together after the pattern has been removed the hook is passed
over the straight part of the snug m, as shewn by figures 8 and 9. A hook and
pair of snugs are arranged on each side of the box-parts, as shewn by figures 2
and 3. No novelty is claimed for this arrangement, as it has been previously
employed for analogous purposes.
The usual or any convenient form of socket (when a socket is required) may be
moulded in the usual or any convenient manner. The socket pattern, and chill in
lieu of a core therefor, illustrated, are used in the method of forming cast metal
sockets employed to bold tubular handles, for which (and for other improvements)
the said Richard Clayton received the grant of Letters Patent dated the twelfth
day of March 1883 N° 1301. It will be seen that part of the chill-plate F is
turned up, as shewn at e, to correspond with the shape of the part of the box-part E
in which the socket is moulded. The inner face of the part e does not fit closely
against the edge of the box-part, as a small amount of play is necessary to enable
the chill-plate to be turned in fixing it upon the edge of the box-part E. e¹ is an
opening through the part e, and after the chill-plate F has been fixed in position
moulding sand is pushed by the finger through this opening e' so as to fill up the
clearance space between the part e and the sand in the corresponding part of the
box-part E.
The saucepans are sometimes required to have a pair of ears cast thereon on
opposite sides in lieu of a socket on one side (in which case they are commonly
called pots) and in such case the projection on the box-part E, for the socket
mould, answers also for the mould for the ear on the same side of the saucepan.
A bulged-out part may, also, be formed on the opposite side of the moulding box,
as shewn at g. This bulged-out part is clearly shewn by figure 7, which is a plan
looking on the top of the left-hand side of the box-part E when in position shewn
by figure 4.
hh is a downwardly projecting rim around the edge of the chill-plate F, and fits
around the outside of the upper edge of the box-part E, but such rim is stopped off
for a distance on each side of the circumference so as to clear, respectively, the
bulged-out portions of the box-part E, and also allow for the axial movement of
the plate necessary in clamping the plate to the box-part.
Our invention as above-described is applicable, as stated, for preparing moulds
for saucepans and pots; and the substitution of the chill-plate for the "drag" may.
be adopted also in the case of preparing moulds for hollowware articles generally
which are formed with an open-mouthed body such, for instance, as Danish and
French pots; and the invention is of course equally applicable whether the articles
to be moulded are of a round or oval shape, the only difference being that in the
case of an oval shape the patterns box-parts and chill-plates will, also, be of an
oval shape instead of round.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. The improvements forming the combined process of preparing moulds for
casting saucepans and pots, substantially as herein described and illustrated by the
drawings herewith.
2. The improvements in preparing moulds for casting hollowware, according to
which a chill-plate is substituted for the "drag" usually employed, substantially
as herein described and shewn by the drawings herewith.
3. The improved combination of apparatus, substantially as herein described and
shewn by the drawings herewith, for employment in preparing moulds for casting
saucepans and pots.
4. In apparatus employed in preparing moulds for casting saucepans and pots,
the combination of moulding box-parts E and D, card or plate C around the
pattern, part A of pattern with thickened platef and sides thicker towards such
plate than the intended thickness of the corresponding part of the casting, and

page_text: chill-plate F, substantially as and for the purpose herein described, and shewn by
the drawings herewith.
5. In apparatus employed for preparing moulds for casting saucepans and pots,
the combination of the card or plate C around the pattern, with the box-parts D
and E held together with the card between them while the mould is rammed up,
substantially as and for the purpose described.
6. In apparatus employed in preparing moulds for casting hollowware, the chill-
plate substantially as and for the purpose herein described.
7. The projecting flange or rim c c on the inner face of the chill-plate for the
purpose of holding and steadying the core of a hollowware mould.
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Agent for the Applicants.