Improvements in Printing Telegraph Instruments.
Year: 1896

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Printing Telegraph Instruments.
I, EMILE MICHEL DENIS ANDRÉ, of Méru (Oise) in the French Republic,
Pharmaceutical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be
as follows:-
My Invention has for its object to provide a printing telegraph-instrument adapted
to operate both as a transmitter and receiver and wherein synchronism in the
operation of two instruments, placed one at each end of the line, is ensured.
The base of the instrument carries two vertical cheeks or side frames, connected
together by means of flanged rods or bolts rigidly maintaining them at the required
distance apart. Between these vertical sides or walls is carried the mechanism for
driving the instrument, which mechanism may consist either of spring-barrels or
weights of any other suitable motor.
Bearings are provided on or in the sides or cheeks to carry the spindles or arbors
of the clockwork.
A disc capable of receiving rotary motion from the clockwork, is arranged at a
suitable angle of inclination, in such a position, that the face thereof is visible to the
telegraphist. On the face of this disc are marked all the letters of the alphabet,
numerals, stops, and, if desired, any further conventional signs or symbols of current
use in telegraphy. In order to be readily discernible, the letters, figures or symbols
are arranged upon the disc in series differing in colour; and a button or key
corresponding to each letter, figure or sign is provided so that the telegraphist,
whenever he wishes to print any one of the characters, may do so by depressing the
key corresponding thereto. The disc is supported by a bracket, secured to one of the
sides or cheeks, of the instrument, and is connected to the type-wheel by means of a
double or universal joint.
When one of the keys is depressed, the rod or shank of the key which passes
through a hole in the disc is caused to project slightly beyond the rear-surface of the
disc. When the telegraphist turns on the current, the disc turns, and the part of the
rod projecting through the disc strikes a commutator-stop or switch, whereby
the current is cut off, or the circuit broken, and the required impression is made, as
one contact only is necessary to obtain an impression of ench character, the time that
such contact lasts is the time required by the disc to move a distance corresponding
to the space between the character to be printed and a switch or stop. To restore the
connection, or reform the circuit, a key is depressed. This operation is performed
with one hand, while the other hand is held in readiness for the operation of the
rotary disc, containing the characters. As soon as the circuit is closed, the attraction
of an armature produces a release. The type-wheel spindle, under the action of the
clockwork, begins to revolve until in its circular course the rod of the key which had
been depressed meets the stop or switch. As the key-rod and switch thus come into
contact, the switch swings round upon its pivot, with the results that the circuit is
cut off, while an impression of the desired character is at the same time obtained.
he telegraphist then, with one hand, presses upon a key, situated beside the contact-

page_text: key which had been depressed to restore the connection, and, through the medium of
levers, which cause a piece to turn round upon its spindle and repel in the upward
direction the key-rod last depressed. The consequence is that the key first depressed
returns to its initial position, as do likewise all the parts attached thereto.
The switch or (as it is here preferably termed) "commutator-stop" is placed upon
a spindle secured to a standard, which supports the bracket carrying the spindles of
the type wheel and the key dise hereinabove referred to. The arrangement of the
said commutator-stop is such that, as a certain key is depressed, the stop withdraws
from out of the path of the rod of the key first depressed, thereby restoring the
electrical connection. This arrangement, constitutes one of the most important
features peculiar to my invention. As the key disc revolves, the switch or
commutator stop returns to its place; whereupon the circuit is interrupted, and the
same letter printed off once more. As stated above, the instrument is devised to
operate both as a transmitter and receiver. This result is attained by the simple
operation of a lever. When it is desired to. send off a telegram, the commutator
should be moved into contact with the binding post which result is attained
automatically by means of a spring. When, on the other hand, a telegraphic
message is to be received, the coinmutator stop should be brought into contact with
another binding screw, for which purpose a spring controlled lever must be operated.
By acting upon this spring lever by hand, the lower extremity of the switch or
commutator stop is moved towards a binding post, and the contact thus brought
about lasts through the space of time occupied in receiving the telegraphic
communication.
Now this is how the instrument is first set, in operation and how an impression of
the required character is obtained the moment the circuit is interrupted..
A ratchet wheel, secured to the spindle or shaft of the type-wheel is maintain e dat
rest by a hooked lever. The moment the circuit is closed, this lever is unhooked,
the ratchet wheel released, and the type-wheel shaft, or spindle taken round by the
clockwork. The type-wheel spindle, accordingly, revolves until the rod of the key on
the key disc, which has in the meantime been depressed,, has come to strike the
switch or commutator stop, thereby opening the circuit. Upon the current-supply
being thus interrupted, a second movement takes place, whereby the ratchet-wheel
before referred to is thrown into engagement; the consequence being that the type-
wheel spindle, together with the type-wheel itself, firmly secured thereon,-stops
to enable the desired letter to be printed. These movements, by which the booked
lever and ratchet-wheel are alternately brought into and out of engagement, are
ensured by means of an escapement-piece secured to a shaft, which extends through
the vertical side frames of the apparatus. This piece carries two short vertical arms,
situated at 180° to each other. The inner surface of these arms is straight and
extends radially to the piece on the shaft, though the said arins do not form continuations.
or extensions of each other, but leave a space, between them for the passage of the
armature rod of an electro-magnet, either when attraction takes place, or when. the
circuit is broken. As the current passes, in consequence of the armature being
attracted by the electro-magnet, the top of such armature, reversing its direction,
leaves. the lower arm of the "escapement-piece." The release which immediately
ensues, then enables the shaft carrying, the said escapement-piece to complete one
half of a revolution, under the action of the clockwork. The arm of the said
escapement-piece, which was situated at the top before, after having performed half a
revolution, strikes the arm, of the armature of the electro-magnet, which is still
undergoing attraction, whilst the cirenit continues closed. As soon however, as such
circuit is broken, a spring attracts the armature in the forward direction. The
escapement-piece then again becomes disengaged from the armature-arm, and performs
another half revolution, until the other arm of the said escapement-piece, strikes. the
armature.
In addition to the movements. described,, four other movements have been
completed, viz.-
(1) An advance movement of the paper, under the action of a hinged rod, or link,

page_text: el, witch causes a rack-wheel (or worm-wheel)
to perform one-twentieth of a revolution.
2) The disengagement of the type-wheel under the action of the printing lever,
which has received motion from a link hinged to the crank.
(3) The release of the ratchet-wheel on the spindle of the type wheel, by the action
of the hooked lever, which has been set in motion by the link pivotted to the crank
of a gear-wheel in gear with the wheel which effects the movement of the paper,
and
(4) The impulse given to the shaft or spindle of the type wheel, which begins to
revolve freely the moment it is disengaged.
As before stated the rod of the depressed key cuts off the current, as the disc starts
on its circular course. The present situation therefore is this; the armature of the
electro-magnet has by its spring, been brought back to its starting point, and in
returning thither, it has released the second arm of the escapement-piece. The shaft
carrying the said piece having recovered its freedom, has under the action of the
clockwork commenced to revolve; and the first arm of the escapement-piece having
struck the arm of the armature has been arrested. By reason of the interruption of
the circuit, and of the release effected by the armature spring, the link pivotted
to crank of the gear wheel has again performed by this time four different
movements.
Owing to the half revolution of the crank of the gear-wheel, which is held back at
its starting point, the printing lever, -by reason of the movement of the link, pivotted
to the crank on the shaft carrying the escapement-piece, which has performed half a
revolution, has struck the paper and produced an impression thereon.
The hooked lever has engaged with the ratchet-wheel, on the shaft of the type-
wheel which shaft has come to a standstill, and all the parts have returned to their
points of departure respectively. There is a button or further key, which when
depressed returns the depressed character key to its normal position. With one hand
the operator sorts out or arranges the characters to be printed, by depressing the
respective keys located next such characters, each on the same radial line. By such
means he may push back one by one, all the letters that go to form the required
word, provided such letters succeed each other in their proper order and are not
disjointed insertions.
The paper is fed by means of cylinders, one of which is fastened to the shaft or
spindle of the ratchet-wheel herein before referred to which receives an intermittent
partial rotation of one twentieth of a revolution and is set in motion by such wheel.
The other cylinder is fitted in a frame or yoke, through the arms of which as well as
through the cylinder itself, there extends a spindle, about which the said cylinder
is adapted to revolve, as it engages or comes into contact with the other cylinder.
The paper is carried along at each movement or stroke of the instrument, and in
order to avoid any recoil of the wheel on the shaft of the first cylinder, a detent is
caused to engage at each movement, with the teeth of the wheel. On the shaft
carrying the arms in which the other cylinder is mounted, is another arm with a stud
fitted with a flat spring, which bears upon the arms, carrying the said cylinder, so as
to impart sufficient pressure for feeding the paper tape between the cylinders the
latter being guided in its movement by the piece secured to the side frames of the
apparatus. The paper is prevented from too rapid unwinding and retained in proper
position by two flat springs, between which the paper tape passes, the springs or one
of them being adjustable so as to cause them to press more or less on the paper
as required.
The inking roller is carried on a yoke pivotted to a piece secured to one of the side
frames of the apparatus.
As stated the disc carrying the keys is inclined and secured to a spindle, which is
connected by a universal or double jointed connection to the spindle of the
ype-wheel. It will be understood, however, that the said disc may be arranged in
any other manner deemed more convenient, according to the requirements of each

page_text: particular case thus it may, if preferred, be arranged either horizontally or
vertically.
The key-rods are of square section. A triangular projection is provided at the
extremity of each rod, which arrests the key, when it is repelled by the stop or
switch. The key-heads or buttons may be made of metal or other suitable material,
and the surfaces of such heads are preferably concave.
The rod of each key is placed within slots provided in the periphery of the disc
and retained in place, by means of an india-rubber ring, which slightly presses
upon the key-rods, so as to retain them in their normal positions. The india-rubber
ring is retained in place upon a projection or small rim, provided upon the
periphery of the disc, a groove being formed in the india rubber ring to receive
such rim to retain the ring in position. The printing mechanism comprises an
escapement-wheel, the type wheel, and a spacing tappet, whereby the words are
separated from each other.
The escapement-wheel consists of a circular plate, of brass or other metal, whereon
are secured two tempered steel washers, which are toothed in such a manner as to
impart to a forked pendulum, an oscillatory movement whereby the simultaneous
operation of the instruments is insured. The plate has a recess provided in it, in
which fits one of two flanges of a sleeve mounted on the shaft of the type wheel, the
said flange being secured to the plate by means of screws. The parts being thus
fitted together, the shaft and sleeve are integral with each other, and form one
connected-piece.
A ring which carries the type is secured to the second flange of the sleeve, and
in the flange a rabbet is cut, another rabbet being provided in the ring, so that
the flange and ring fit one within the other, and are firmly connected together
by means of set screws. The apertures in either the ring or in the flange
through which the screws pass are elongated, so as to enable the position of the
ring in relation to the ratchet wheel to be adjusted.
The spacing tappet is secured in place by means of a tenon, which enters a slot
provided in the periphery of the flange, and of a flap screwed on to the same flange;
and in order to ensure the operation of the spacing tappet, the symbol corresponding
to it must first be found and actuated. When the spacing tappet is upon the
printing lever, it is in contact with an india-rubber pad, which effectually keeps it
out of contact with the type-wheel, with the result that that portion of the paper
tape remains blank. When a telegram is being sent off, the impression of each
character is printed, both in the transmitting and receiving apparatus at both
stations.
The operator who has a telegraphic message to convey, selects and actuates the
letters or other symbols to be printed by means of the keys or buttons of the disc
as herein before described, and then sets his instrument in operation, after having first
"called "his correspondent, who, accordingly has at once fitted his own instrument for
the reception of such message, having to this end placed the commutator stop by
means of the spring lever, in contact with the required binding post, and the
moment this contact has been brought about, the letters forming all the words of
the communication will be automatically printed off at the receiving instrument,
the attendant at which instrument need merely wait until the same stops
printing.
In order to send off a message a switch is moved so as to place the battery in
communication with the line. To receive a telegram on the other hand, the said
switch is moved so as to make a connection with the earth.
Synchronism of operation is obtained by means of the escapement-wheel on the
shaft of the type wheel, having two parallel rims each provided with teeth. The
two toothed rims are rigidly secured in such a manner, that the spaces between
the teeth of one, register with the teeth of the other, so that, at each single
oscillation of the pendulum, the said wheel advances half a space between two
consecutive teeth of the same disc; and the pallets of the pendulum, alternately
engage with a tooth of each disc, as it reciprocates. It is by means of these teeth

page_text: then that the discs as they move in a circle, impart the reciprocating or
oscillating motion to the forked pendulum, the ends of the fork being bent in
the shape of pallets adapted to engage in the tooth spaces of two escapement-
wheels, as stated; the contact surfaces of the teeth being accordingly inclined,
instead of perpendicular, to the sides of the wheels, so as to facilitate the
alternate release of the pallets of the fork, which are correspondingly inclined or
bevelled.
This pendulum is mounted upon a horizontal shaft revolving between two steel
points or centres. The bob or weight of the pendulum may be lowered or raised
according to requirements, so as to ensure the simultaneous operation of both
instruments. To ascertain the degree of tension of the spring in the barrels of the
clockwork, there is provided an index to indicate the length of unwound spring upon
each of the spring barrels.
The index referred to may be constructed in the following manner:
A wheel provided with teeth freely revolves upon the spindle of the motor spring.
Next to this wheel on the spindle is secured a crank, which at a certain distance from
its centre, carries a small steel spindle, which whenever one convolution of the motor
spring unwinds, causes the wheel of the counting device to turn a distance of one
tooth, acting for this purpose, through the medium of a pendulum carrying a pawl.
The number of teeth will determine the number of convolutions of the wound
spring. Each tooth will carry a number, and each operator will have to watch his
counting device or index, so as to wind up the spring again as soon as the said index
approaches a pre-determined limit. A secondary wheel night in case of need be
provided, which wheel would only have to turn a distance corresponding to a
pre-determined angle to bring about the contact necessary for signalling.
Dated the 4th day of September 1896.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Printing Telegraph Instruments.
I, EMILE MICHEL DENIS ANDRE, of Méru (Oise) in the French Republic,
Pharmaceutical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
My Invention has for its object to provide a printing telegraph instrument adapted
to operate both as a transmitter and receiver and wherein speed regulation and
simultaneousness of action in starting two instruments, placed one at each end of the
line, is obtained.
This instrument is solely operated by mechanical devices; it is thrown into and
out of gear by electrical current; its construction is strong and durable; and its
control is simple and requires no preparatory training on the part of the attendant.
And in order that my invention may be clearly understood I shall proceed to
describe the same with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 is an elevation of that side of the complete instrument which is turned
towards the operator;
Figure 2 is a top-view or plan of the same;
Figures 3 and 4 are end views thereof, taken from the left and right hand
respectively.
Figure 5 is a rear-elevation of the instrument, illustrating the machinery provided
for moving the operating mechanism into and out of gear, and showing also the paper,
feeding devices, all of which are hereinafter described,

page_text: Figure 6 is a detail-view illustrating the regulation or adjustment of the instrument,
and Figure 7 is a diagram shewing the electrical connection between two apparatus,
of which one is the transmitter and the other the receiver.
The base of the instrument carries two vertical cheeks or side-frames 1, 1, connected
together by means of flanged rods or bolts rigidly maintaining them at the required
distance apart. Between these vertical sides or walls is carried the mechanisin for
driving the instrument which mechanism may consist either of spring-barrels 2,
containing spiral springs, as shewn in the drawings; or of weights suspended from
drums or of any other suitable motor.
Bearings are provided on or in the sides or cheeks 1 to carry the spindles or arbors
of the clockwork.
A dise 3 (Figures 1 to 4), capable of receiving rotary motion from the clockwork is
arranged at a suitable angle of inclination, in such a position that the face thereof is
visible to the telegraphist. On the face of this disc are marked all the letters of the
alphabet, numerals, stops, and, if desired, any further conventional signs or symbols
of current use in telegraphy. In order to be readily discernible, the letters, figures
or symbols are arranged upon the disc in series differing in colour; and a button or
key 4 corresponding to each letter, figure or sign, is provided so that the telegraphist,
whenever he wishes to print any one of the characters, may do so by depressing the
key corresponding thereto. The disc 3 is supported by a bracket 5 (Figures 3 and 4)
secured to one of the sides or cheeks 1, of the instrument, and is connected to the
type-wheel 5x by means of a double or universal joint as shewn at 6 (Figures 3
and 4).
When one of the keys 4 is depressed, the rod or shank of the key, which passes
through a hole in the disc 3 is caused to project slightly beyond the rear-surface of
the disc. When the telegraphist turns on the current, the disc 3 turns, and the part
of the rod projecting through the disc strikes a commutator-stop or switch 7
(Figure 1); whereby the current is cut off, or the circuit broken, and the required
impression is made. One key suffices for the transmission of telegrams, as one
contact only is necessary to obtain an impression of each character. The time that
such contact lasts is the time required by the disc 3 to move a distance corresponding
to the space between the character to be printed and the end of the switch or stop 7.
To restore the connection, or re-form the circuit, a key 8 (Figures 1 and 3) is
depressed. This operation is performed with one hand, while the other hand is held
in readiness for operating the rotary dise 3. As soon as the circuit is closed, the
attraction of an armature 9 produces a release of the clockwork. The type-wheel
spindle 37, under the action of the clockwork, begins to revolve until, in its circular
course, the rod of the key 4 which had been depressed meets the stop or switch 7.
As the key-rod and switch thus come into contact, the switch swings round upon its
pivot 10 (Figure 1), with the results that the circuit is cut off, while an impression
of the desired character is at the same time obtained. The telegraphist then, with one
hand, presses upon the key 11 (Figures 1, 2 and 3), situated beside the contact-key 8,
which, through the medium of levers 12 and 13, causes a piece 14 to turn round upon
its axis 15 (Figure 3), and repel in the upward direction the key-rod last depressed.
The consequence is that the key-rod returns to its initial position, as do likewise all
the parts attached thereto.
The switch or (as it is here preferably termed) the "commutator-stop" 7 is
mounted upon the spindle 10 (Figure 1), secured to a standard 16, which supports
the bracket 5 (Figures 3 and 4) carrying the spindles of the type-wheel 5* and disc 3
already referred to. The arrangement of the said commutator-stop 7 is such that,
by depressing a key 17, the stop is withdrawn from out of the path of the rod of the
key 4, thereby restoring the electrical connection. This arrangement constitutes one
of the most important features peculiar to my invention, and is illustrated more
especially in Figures 3 and 4 of the drawings. As the dise 3 revolves, the switch or
commutator-stop 7 returns to its place; and when the rod of the key 4 meets the
stop 7 the circuit is broken, and the same letter printed off. As already stated, the
instrument is devised to operate both as a transmitter and receiver. This result is

page_text: attained by the simple operation of a lever. When it is desired to send off a telegram,
the commutator 7 should be moved into contact with the binding post 18, which
result is obtained automatically by means of a spring 19 (Figures 1 and 2). When,
on the other hand, a telegraphic message is to be received, the commutator-
stop 7 should be brought into contact with another binding screw 20 (Figure 1), for
which purpose a spring-controlled lever 21 must be operated. By acting upon this
spring lever by hand, the lower extremity of the commutator 7 is moved towards the
binding post 20, and the contact thus brought about lasts through the space of time
occupied in receiving the telegraphic communication.
I will now describe how the instrument is first set in operation and how an
impression of the required character is obtained the moment the circuit is
interrupted-
A ratchet wheel 22, secured to the spindle or shaft of the type-wheel 5 (Figures 2
and 5), is maintained at rest by a hooked lever 23 (Figure 5). The moment the
circuit is closed, the lever 23 is unhooked, the ratchet wheel 22 released, and the
type-wheel shaft or spindle 37 taken round by the clockwork. The said spindle,
accordingly, revolves until the rod of the key 4, which has in the meantime been
depressed, has come to strike the Stop 7, thereby opening the circuit. Upon the
current-supply being thus interrupted, a second movement takes place, which engages
the ratchet-wheel 22 (Figure 5); the consequence being that the movement of the
type-wheel spindle 37,-together with the type-wheel 5*, firmly secured thereon,-is
arrested to enable the desired letter to be printed. These movements, by which the
lever 23 and ratchet-wheel 22 are alternately brought into and out of engagement,
are ensured by means of an escapement piece 24 (Figure 1), secured to a shaft 25,
which extends through the vertical side-frames 1 of the apparatus. This piece 24
carries two short vertical arms 26, 27, situated at 180° to each other. The inner
surface of these arms is straight and extends radially to the piece 24, on the shaft,
but the said arms do not form continuations of each other, but leave a space between
them for the passage of the armature rod 9, of an electromagnet 28, either when
attraction takes place, or when the circuit is broken. As the current passes, in con-
sequence of the armature 9 being attracted by the electro-magnet 28, the top of such
armature 9, reversing its direction, leaves the lower arm of the "escapement-
piece" 24. The release, which immediately ensues, then enables the shaft 25 to
complete one-half of a revolution. under the action of the clockwork. The arm of the
said escapement-piece 24,, which was situated at the top before, after having performed
half a revolution, strikes the arm of the armature 9, which is still undergoing
attraction whilst the circuit continues closed. As soon, however, as such circuit is
broken, a spring 29 (Figures 1 and 4) draws the armature 9 forward. The escape-
ment-piece 24, then, again becomes disengaged from the armature arm, and performs
another half revolution,. until the other arin of the said escapement-piece strikes the
armature..
In addition to the movements described, four other movements have also been
completed viz
() An advance-movement of the paper under the action of a hinged rod or link 30,
jointed onto the crank of a gear-wheel 31, which causes a ratchet wheel 32 to perform
one twentieth of a revolution;
(2) The disengagement of the type-wheel under the action of the printing lever 38,
which has received motion. from a link 33 hinged to the crank 24.
(3) The release of the ratchet-wheel 22 by the action of the lever 23 which has
been set in motion by the link 35, pivotted.to the crank of a. gear-wheel 36; and
(4) The impulse given to the shaft or spindle 37 of the type-wheel 5* (Figures 2
and 5) which begins to revolve freely the inoment it is disengaged.
As before stated, the rod of the depressed key cuts off the current, as the disc starts
on its circular course.. The present situation, therefore, is as follows: the armature
of the electro-magnet has by. its spring 29 been brought back to its starting point,
and, in returning thither, it has released the second arm of the escapement-piece 24.
The shaft. 25 carrying, the said piece having recovered. its freedom, has, under the

page_text: action of the clockwork, commenced to revolve; and the first arm of the escapement
piece 24, having struck the arm 9 of the armature, has been arrested. By reason of
the interruption of the circuit and of the release effected by the spring 29, the link 30
has again performed, by this time, four different movements. Owing to the half-
revolution of the crank of the gear-wheel 31, which is returned to its starting point,
the printing lever 38,-by reason of the movement of the link 33 pivotted to the
crank, which has performed half a revolution,-has struck the paper and produced an
impression thereon.
The lever 23, which has received motion from the link 35, pivotted to the crank of
the gear-wheel 36, has engaged with the ratchet wheel 22. The shaft 37 has come
to a stand-still and all the parts have returned to their points of departure, respectively.
With one hand, the operator sorts out or arranges the characters to be printed, by
depressing the respective keys located next such characters, each on the same radial
line. By such means he may push back, one by one, all the letters that go to form
the required word, provided such letters succeed each other in their proper order
and are not disjointed insertions.
The paper is fed by means of cylinders such as 40 and 41 (Figure 1), one of
which, 41, is fastened to the shaft or spindle of the wheel 32 and is set in motion by
such wheel. The other cylinder, 40, is fitted in a frame or yoke 42, through the
arms of which, as well as through the cylinder itself, there extends a spindle, about
which the said cylinder 40 is adapted to revolve, as it engages, or comes into contact,
with the cylinder 41. The paper is carried along at each movement or stroke of the
instrument, and, in order to avoid any recoil of the wheel 32, a detent or catch 43 is
caused to engage, at each movement, with the teeth of the wheel. The shaft 44, fixed
to the side-frame 1 carries an arm whereon is mounted a stud 45 fitted with a flat
spring 46 which bears upon the yoke 42, so as to impart sufficient pressure to the
cylinders or rollers 40, 41, for feeding the paper-tape between them, the latter being
guided in its movement by the piece 47, secured to one of the side-frames of the
apparatus. The paper is prevented from too rapid unwinding and retained in proper
position by the flat springs 48 (Figure 1), between which the paper-tape passes, the
springs or one of them being adjustable so as to cause them to press inore or less on
the paper as required.
The inking roller 50 (Figure 3) is carried in a yoke 49 mounted on a stud secured
to one of the side-frames 1 of the apparatus (Figure 3).
As already stated, the disc 3 is inclined and secured to a spindle which is connected
by the universal joint 6 to the spindie 37 of the type-wheel 5. It will be understood,
however, that the said dise may be arranged in any other manner, deened more
convenient, according to the requirements of each particular case; thus it may, if
preferred, be arranged either horizontally or vertically.
The key-rods are of square section. A triangular projection is provided at the
extremity of each rod which arrests the key (4) when it is repelled by the stop or
switch. The key-heads or buttons may be made of metal or other suitable material,
and the surfaces of such heads are preferably concave.
The rod of each key 4 is placed within slots provided in the periphery of the dise
and retained in place by means of an indiarubber ring which slightly presses upon
the key-rods so as to retain them in their normal positions. The indiarubber ring is
retained in place upon a projection or small rim (as indicated in Figure 3), provided
upon the periphery of the dise, a groove being formed in the indiarubber ring to
receive such rin to retain the ring in position. The printing mechanism comprises
an escapement-wheel 51, & the type-wheel 5 provided with a blank or blanks; whereby
the words are separated from each other.
The escapement-wheel 51 consists of a circular plate, of brass or other metal,
whereon are secured two tempered steel washers 51, which are toothed in such a
manner as to impart to a forked pendulum 57 (Figures 1 and 3) an oscillatory move-
ment whereby the simultaneous operation of the instruments is ensured. The plate
has a recess provided in it in which fits one of two flanges of a sleeve 52 (Figure 3)
he said flange being secured to the plate by means of tapped screws, within apertures

page_text: provided in corresponding nipples formed on the side opposite to that where the said
recess, receiving the flange of the sleeve 52, is situated. The parts being thus fitted
together, the shaft and sleeve are integral with each other and form one connected
piece.
The ring constituting the type-wheel 5* is secured to the second flange of the
sleeve 52 (Figure 1) and in the flange, a rabbet is cut another rabbet being provided
in the ring so that the flange and ring fit one within the other and are firmly
connected together by means of set screws. The apertures either in the ring or in
the flange through which the screws pass are elongated, so as to enable the position
of the ring in relation to the ratchet-wheel to be adjusted.
The spacing is secured by means of a blank or blanks provided on the type wheel
as already stated.
When a telegram is being sent off, the stop 7 is in contact with the binding
post 18 (Figure 1), and the circuit is closed by means of the key 8, connected to the
battery, one contact being sufficient to ensure the impression of each character
which is thus printed both in the transmitting and receiving apparatus at both
stations.
The operator who has a telegraphic message to convey, selects and actuates the
letters or other symbols to be printed by means of the keys or buttons 4 of the
disc 3, as hereinbefore described, and then sets his instrument in operation, after
having first called' his correspondent, who, accordingly, has at once fitted his own
instrument for the reception of such message, having, to this end, placed the
commutator stop 7 by means of the spring-lever 21 in contact with the binding
post 20, and the moment this contact has been brought about, the letters forming
all the words of the communication will be automatically printed off at the receiving
instrument, the attendant at which instrument' need merely wait until the same
stops printing.
In order to send off a message, a switch 54 (Figure 2) is moved on to the
block 55, which brings the battery in communication with the line. To receive a
telegram, on the other hand, the said switch 54 is moved on to the block 56 (Figure 2)
whereby a connection is made with the earth.
The electrical connections between the different parts of my apparatus are shewn
diagrammatically in Figure 7 of the drawings, the instrument there shewn on the
left indicating the transmitter and that on the right the receiver. The wires and
connections are shewn by dotted lines while the parts which they connect together
are marked with the same figures of reference as those used in the other
drawings.
The electric current leaves the battery P at the positive pole for example and
passing along the line wire in the direction shewn by the arrows reaches the different
parts of the apparatus in the following order: The manipulator 8, terminal 18,
rocking lever 10, electro-magnet 9, commutator 54, binding screw 55, and terminal 20
of the transmitting apparatus.
The current then passes by the line-wire into the receiving apparatus shewn on
the right where it reaches the different parts of the said apparatus in the following
order The terminal 201, rocking lever 101, electro-magnet 91, commutator 54¹ and
terminal 561 leading to earth by which the current returns to the negative pole of
the battery which in like manner is led to earth.
The speed of each instrument is regulated by means of the escapement-wheel 51
(Figures 1 and 3) having two parallel rims each provided with teeth 51. The two
toothed rims are rigidly secured in such a manner, that the spaces between the teeth
of one register with the teeth of the other, so that, at each single oscillation of the
pendulum, 57 the said wheel advances half a space between two consecutive teeth of
the same dise; and the pallets a & b of the pendulum alternately engage with a
tooth of each disc, as it reciprocates. It is by means of these teeth, then, that the
discs as they move in a circle, impart the reciprocating or oscillating motion to the
forked pendulum 57, the ends of the fork being bent in the shape of pallets a & b
adapted to engage in the tooth spaces of two escapement wheels, as stated; the

page_text: contact surfaces of the teeth being, accordingly, inclined, instead of perpendicular,
to the sides of the wheels, so as to facilita'e the alternate release of the pallets of
the fork which are correspondingly inclined or bevelled.
This pendulum 57 is mounted upon a horizontal shaft 58 revolving between two
steel points or centres 59 screwed in piece 60. The bob or weight 61. of the
pendulum may be lowered or raised according to requirements.
The circumferential speed of each type wheel is thus regulated by its pendulum so
that if the pendulums of the two apparatus, transmitter and receiver be arranged to
act simultaneously or synchronously in any well known manner and if after a message
has been dispatched the two apparatus are brought back to some conventional sign,
the two type wheels will start from the same position with the same speed and
consequently the said type wheels will always be in corresponding positions. The
pendulum of each apparatus is small and of light weight; they do not work when
the apparatus is at rest and it is the starting of the apparatus which sets them in
motion.
To ascertain the degree of tension of the spring, in the barrels of the clock-work,
there is provided an index to indicate the length of unwound spring upon each of
the spring-barrels.
The index referred to may be constructed in the following manner :-
A wheel 62 provided with teeth (Figure 5) freely revolves upon the spindle of the
motor-spring. Next to this wheel on the spindle is secured a crank 62* with a crank
pin 63, which, whenever one convolution of the motor spring unwinds, causes the
wheel of the counting device to turn a distance of one tooth, acting for this purpose
through the medium of a pendulum 64 carrying a pawl 65.
The number of teeth will determime the number of convolutions of the wound
spring. Each tooth will carry a number, and each operator will have to watch his
counting device or index so as to wind up the spring again, as soon as the said index
approaches a predetermined limit. A secondary wheel night, in case of need, be
provided, which would only have to turn a distance corresponding to a predetermined
angle to bring about the contact necessary for signalling.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
1. A printing telegraph-instrument capable of doing duty both as a transmitter
and receiver wherein the speed of a transmitting instrument and an identical
receiving instrument is regulated by means of a vibrating rod forming a pendulum,
which is maintained between two toothed wheels, with the teeth of which it
alternately engages, and which is set in operation by the operating mechanism or an
equivalent device; every double oscillation of which pendulum corresponds to a
movement equivalent to a tooth-space of the printing disc; substantially as
herein before described.
2. A printing telegraph instrument wherein the interruption of the circuit caused
by the depression of a character to be printed on the transmitter produces in the two
apparatus connected together two simultaneous effects, viz. :-(1) the mechanical
engagement of the apparatus, whereby the type-wheel is locked in position upon the
letter selected, and the letter to be printed is prevented from passing beyond the
corresponding position; and (2) the arrest of the pendulums in both instruments by
means of the series of teeth upon the tooth corresponding to the desired letter,
substantially as herein before described.
3. A printing telegraph wherein the circuit, when restored in the manipulator, has
the effect of mechanically disengaging the spring-barrels which simultaneously
control, both, the type-wheels, and the gear-wheels operating the pendulums in both
instruments, so as to ensure simultaneousness of action in the starting of both
pendulums.
4. The mechanical devices or arrangements having for their object to throw the
mechanism into and out of gear, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated
in the accompanying drawings.

page_text: 5. An arrangement of parts or devices having for its object to obtain the results
hereinabove set forth, viz. (1) Regulation of speed of the instruments at either
end, by means of a pendulum, adapted to oscillate either between two gear-wheels
whose teeth are arranged to alternate with each other (the spaces of one facing
the teeth of the other) or in conjunction with any other equivalent device; and
(2) the stopping and starting of such instruments, before and after the printing of
the desired characters by mechanical coupling and uncoupling devices, independent
of the pendulum, or its equivalent.
6. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting improvements in
printing telegraph instruments substantially as herein before described and illustrated
in the accompanying drawings.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.