IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
Woon, of Over Darwen, Lancashire, Carpet Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present. most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Tenth day of October,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty, in the fourteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Wood, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, Her especial license, full
power, sole, privilege and authority, that I, the said William Wood, my
exmors, adñiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Wood, my
exors, admiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might, make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales; and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS;" in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the said William Wood, shall
cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrumeut in writing under
my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Wood, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had
to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say:-
My Invention consists, first, of arranging looms wherein the warps are
worked in an upright position, in such manner that terry fabrics may be woven
by power, and the wires employed introduced into and removed from the terry
fabrics by the working of the loom.
Secondly, my Invention consists of improvements in the apparatus for
introducing and withdrawing wires from terry weavings made in looms where
the warps work horizontally.
Thirdly, my Invention consists of improvements in the means of giving
motion to power looms arranged to weave terry fabrics, in order to be enabled
to stop or start the loom more quickly.
Fourthly, my Invention consists of a mode of printing patterns on carpets
and other fabrics by composing colours into patterns, and fixing the same by
steam, as hereafter explained. And in order that, my Invention be most
fully understood, and readily carried into practice; I will proceed to describe
the means pursued by me. :
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
may
"
Figure 1 shows so much of the front view of a power loom, wherein the
warp is vertical, and the reed beats. up the work by being raised upwards;
Figure 2 shows a section of the parts. of the batten and end apparatus for
receiving and moving the wires.
The nature of power looms wherein the: warp is vertical, and the manner
of their working, being well understood, it will not be necessary to describe, the
same here. And I would remark that I am aware that it has before been
proposed to introduce and to cut out wires when weaving carpets and other
cut pilé fabrics in upright looms wherein two-fabrics are woven face to face,
the wires being introduced to keep the two fabricsfapart a distance depending
on the depth of pile desired on the two fabrics
Now, according to my Invention only one; fabric is woven in a loom,tand
the wires are introduced by the working of the .loom to produce looped terry:
pile thereon; and the great object of this part of my Invention-isy to take
advantage of the horizontal position of the reed for supporting the terry-wires:
as they are passed across the shed opened for receiving the wire.The shuttle!

page_text: boxes of the lay or batten are made to receive two shuttles at,a,la, and between
them there are arrangements made. for receiving, and moving wires-into; the
shed of the warp;.b is the reed; cis, an endless chain, or it may be a band-or
other suitable arrangement of apparatus, for pushing the wires when supported
by shuttle race and the .reed; this chain is moved to-and-fro by means, of..a
lever d, to be put in motion by suitable, apparatus in, connection with the
main axis of the loom. e, e, are guides to guide the wires fdown into a correct
position to be taken by the pushing, apparatus. g, g, in connection with the
chain c. The wires f. are each made with an enlarged plate or head,, which
when in the fabric assumes a horizontal position, and, facilitates the, withdrawal
of the wires. The wires are drawn out of the terry loops by endless chains or
bands h, h, there being, one at the front, and the other at the back of the
fabric, and the projecting catches or hooks h', ', take hold of the heads of the
wires in succession, there being hooks on each chain h which, take hold of: the
same wire, one behind the other in front of the fabric, and they drop the wires
between the guides e, e, carried, by the slay or, batten so as to place them in a
convenient position for their being again pushed into the sheds of the warp.
I would remark in respect to this part of my Invention that the apparatus.for
pushing in the wires and for withdrawing them may be varied, so long as the
arrangements are such as to take advantage of the horizontal position of the
reed in the making of terry looped fabrics by introducing wires by the.working
of the machinery...
.
:
I will now describe the second part of my,Invention., Figure 3, shows so
much of a front view, and Figure 4 shows so, much of an end view, of a power
loom for weaving carpets and other terry fabrics made by the introduction.and
withdrawal of wires, as will enable me..to describe this part of my Invention.
In this loom the. warps are in a horizontal position, and as the nature, of, such
looms and the manner of their working are well understood, it will not be
necessary to describe the same .further than what is necessary to explain this
part of my Invention; and in doing so, I first state that I am aware that it has
before been proposed to introduce .wires,, and to withdraw, the same from the
fabric, by means of arms or levers connected to the wire, which is an inconvenient
mode; and this part of my Invention consists of using chains, or it might.be
bands or slides, each having a wire fixed thereto, and in place of the wires
being straight, as heretofore, I prefer that they should be, of steel, and bent
somewhat up, and also towards the reed, so that in passing into, the shed, the
end of a wire which first enters a shed will be inclined towards the reed, and
thus there will be no liability of the end entering amongst the warps. In this
arrangement only two wires are required, which are alternately placed into the

page_text: terry sheds as they are opened, and I place them one on either side of the loom,
so that one of the wires is constantly introduced and withdrawn on one side of
the loom, and the other on the other side of the loom. a, a, are the endless chains,
one on each side, and they work similarly, so that the description of one will
apply to both; b is the wire fixed to the chain a, and the chain is supported
and carried at one end of the framing by the pulleys c, d, d, and e, and the
wire is caused to move into and from the fabric by the chain or band a being
caused to move to-and-fro by suitable means; and I employ by preference a
lever f, which is acted upon to introduce and withdraw the wire by means
of the cam g; thus it will be seen that wires are alternately introduced and
withdrawn.
I will now describe the third part of my Invention, which has for its object
the causing the crank or main shaft of a power loom to be driven by means of
a pinion working into a cog wheel of larger dimensions; I have found that
to have the pinion to make four revolutions to one of the cog wheel on the
main or crank shaft or axis of a power loom to be a good arrangement, but I
do not confine myself thereto. By. these means, the steam engine or other
power drives the axis of the pinion by a strap, and the pinion drives the main
or cranked axis of the loom, hence, should the shuttle not pass across, or the
loom from other causes be stopped, the throwing off of the strap from-the
drum on pinion axis will more quickly leave the loom under the power of
the break, and thus will the liability of error in opening a terry shed before
the weft has been properly introduced be reduced.
I will now describe the fourth part of my Invention, which consists of
forming coloring matter into strips, and composing such strips into blocks, and
this I do by mixing colouring matter with suitable thickening material, which,
when cold, sets more or less hard, and when exposed to steam will dissolve.
I find gelatine answers this purpose, but I do not confine myself thereto. This
mixture I make into sheets of any required thickness, which I cut into strips
as broad as the sheets are thick, so as to forni squares. These strips are then
to be placed in layers on each other, with suflicient moisture to cause them to
adhere together, selecting such colored strips as may be shewn by a pattern
drawn on design paper, until the block produced thereby completes the pattern
or the part thereof desired. From one end of such block 1 cut a sheet, and
place it on to the fabric to be printed therewith, and I then introduce the fabric
into a box or chamber to be steamed, by which the gelatine will be dissolved,
and the colors fixed to the fabric.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the means of per-
Ild have it undoinstood that what I
منستيلى

page_text: First, the weaving terry fabrics in power looms, wherein the warps are
upright and the reeds horizontal, and introducing and removing the wires, as
herein explained.
Secondly, I claim the mode of introducing and withdrawing wires in
weaving terry fabrics by power.
Thirdly, I claim the means herein described, of my Invention to power looms
for weaving carpets and other terry fabrics by power.
And, fourthly, I claim the mode of printing fabrics by composing colors into
patterns, and fixing the same by steam, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Wood, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Tenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.
Enrolled the Tenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-one: