Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 6th May, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 24th Jan, 1896-Accepted, 7th Mar,
1896
We, OTTO THIEL and JOHANNES STOCKER, both of Staigard, Pomerania,
Germany, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows
This invention relates to an improved manufacture of artificial leather having
various advantages over similar manufactures heretofore proposed, and which can
be utilised for numerous industrial purposes
The great cheapness of the product together with its very durable nature as
also the possibility of making it either waterproof or not (porous) insures for it a
very extended application as a substitute for all sorts of leather, such as, amongst
others for glove leather, upper and sole leather for boots and shoes, duving
belts &c, for floor covering, coverings for rollers, waterproof folding military
tents, and other military requisites, waterproof clothing, material for upholstery,
figured table covers, ste im tubing and tubing of all kinds
The product can be produced in continuous form, in any length and width, of
uniformly great strength, and not as is the case with natural leather, subject to
valitions in thickness and strength, it can be produced of any desired thickness,
such as from millimetre to 20 mm, and of all possible colours and in chaded
tints, and lastly, by pa sing it through goffring rollers it may have my desired
patterns marked thereon, such as with flower designs in relief or intaglio, squares,
stripes &c
The said compound is prepared as follows
As solvents ire employed sulphide of carbon, or turpentine benzole, ether,
chloroform, spirits
The essential ingredients are caoutchouc or bore glue, crushed ivory nuts, cocos
or para-nuts &c, and cotton fibre or wool or other fibre
lo these are added one or more of the following substances Nitric acid, tannin
solution, in eed oil, glycerine, carbonate of lime colophony or other resins,
camphor, pufhn, bi-chromate of potash, or chrome-alum, glue or mucilage of
myiih
MODE 01 MANUFACTURE
1) 5 parts of bone gluc are dissolved in linseed oil heated to 100° C, or in
tannin solution or glycerine and paraffin, fit ther
2) 5 parts caoutchouc and 10 parts colophony or other resins are dissolved in
100 parts sulphide of carbon, and 6 parts spits
The olution takes from 12 to 24 hours to complete
The two compounds enumerated under 1) and 2), are then mixed together in a
glazed vessel under continuous sturing the vessels being capable of being closed
in order to prevent vapori.ation before this is required
3) 50 parts of ivory nuts, cocos or paia-nuts, are ground, boiled in glue solution,
then rendered free from all water by dry ing
4) 50 parts of cotton fibre, or wool or other fibre are finely divided by suitable
machinery
After these preparation, the materials referred to under 3) and 4) are combined
with the materials under 1) and 2) by working the same together for a sufficient
length of time in a lag engine

page_text: During this operation there are mixed with the compound 5 parts of carbonate of
lime, and such colouring matters as are required to give the compound the required
colour such as black, brown, &c
If it be desired to produce a good white colour, there must be mixed at the
commencement, with the caoutchouc &c in the operations Nos 1) and 2), in
addition to the mentioned solvents, 5 parts of camphor This is however only
done in the above mentioned case because the product can then be more effectually
bleached
If it be desired to produce a material having a silky appearance, the compound
resulting from the operations 1) to 4) has added to it a solution of the colouring
matter in a small quantity of acetic acid, and is boiled for about 5 minutes by
this means a silk like lustrous product is obtained
When the working of the materials in the ag engine has been continued
sufficient length of time, the compound is spread out and died in the an According
to the strength of the product to be obtained the mass is allowed to lie for fiom
1 to 2 hours
When sufficiently dried the mass is passed through two heavy rolls of a rolling
mill, the olts being set at a distance apart corresponding to the thickness of the
artificial leather desired to be obtained
In order to remove the fibious particles containing cellulose visible on the outer
suifice of the mass, and to impart to the whole a homogeneous horn like appearance,
the product is passed through a mixture of concentrated nitric and sulphuric acid
and it is then washed in cold water for removing the adhering acids
After again drying, the mass is introduced in a solution of camphor in ether,
and is then again passed between two heavy rolls heated to about 50° C in order,
by the simultaneous action of heat and pressure, to bring about a solvent action
of the camphor upon the total product, and thus to increase the plastic appearance
thereof
It should be observed that in place of the caoutchouc, 2, parts of bone glue can
be used, which are di solved in linseed oil, heated to 100° C, and to which is then
added a solution of tannin, 5 parts of glycerine, 5 parts of paraffin and 5 parts of
bi-chromate of potash, or 5 parts of chrome alum, the operation being otherwise
carried out in the same manner as stated under 2)
If it be desired to impart to the end-product the character of greater hardness,
a proportionately larger quantity of reduced ivory nuts or cocos or paia-nuts &c
18 used
The proportions above given can be varied within certain limits, so that for
obtaining a useful product it is not necessary to adhere strictly to these
Dated this 6th day of May 1895
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants
Manufacture of Artificial Leather
We, OTTO THIELE and JOHANNES STOCKER, both of Stargard, Pomerania,
Gerinany, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement
This invention relates to an improved manufacture of artificial leather having
various advantages over similar manufactures heretofore proposed and which can
be utili ed for numerous industrial purposes
The great cheapness of the product together with its very durable nature, as
also the possibility of making it either water proof or not (pore us) insures for it a

page_text: very extended application as a substitute for all sorts of leather, such as, amongst
other, for glove leather, upper and sole leather for boots and shoes, diving
belts &c, for floor coverings coverings for rollers, waterproof folding military
tents, and other military requisites, waterproof clothing, material for upholstery,
figured table cover, steam tubing and tubing of all kinds
The product can be produced in continuous form, in any length and width of
uniformly great strength, and not, as is the case with natural leather, subject to
variations in thickness and strength it can be produced of any desued thickness,
such as from millimetre to 20 m m, and of all possible colours and in shaded
tints, and lastly by passing it through goffring rollers it may have any desired
patterns marked thereon, such as with flower designs in relief or intaglio, squares,
stripes &c
The said compound is prepared as follows
-
As solvents are employed sulphide of carbon, or turpentine benzole, ether,
chloroform, spirits
The essential ingredients are caoutchouc or bone glue, crushed ivory nuts, cocos
or para-nuts &c, and cotton fibie or wool or other fibre
To these are added one or more of the following substances Nitric acid, tannın
solution, linseed oil, glycerine, carbonate of lime, colophony, or other resins,
camphor, paraffin, bichromate of potash, or chrome-alum, glue or mucilage of
myrrh
MODE OF MANUFACTURE
1) 5 parts of bone glue are dissolved in linseed oil heated to 100° C, or in
tannin solution or gly ceine and paraffin, further
2) 5 parts caoutchouc and 10 parts colophony or other resins are dissolved in
100 parts sulphide of carbon, and 6 paits spirits
The solution takes from 12 to 24 hours to complete
The two compounds enumerated under 1) and 2) are then mixed together in a
glazed vessel under continuous stirung, the vessels being capable of being closed
in order to prevent vaporisation before this is required
3) 50 parts of ivory nuts, cocos or para nuts, are ground, boiled in glue solution,
then rendered free from all water by drying
4) 50 parts of cotton fibie, or wool or other fibre are finely divided by suitable
machinery
After these preparations, the materials referred to under 3) and 4) are combined
with the materials unde" 1) and 2) by working the same together for a sufficient
length of time in a rag engine
During this operation there are mixed with the compound 5 parts of carbonate
of lime, and such colouring matters as are required to give the compound the
required colour, such as black, brown, &c
If it be desued to produce a good white colour, there must be mixed at the
commencement with the caoutchouc &c in the operations 1) and 2), in addition to
the mentioned solvent, 5 parts of camphor This is however only done in the
above mentioned case because the product can then be more effectually bleached
If it be desired to produce a material having a silky appearance, the compound
resulting from the operations 1) to 4) has added to it a solution of the colouring
matter in a small quantity of acetic acid, and is boiled for about 5 minutes, by
this means a silk like lustrous product is obtained
When the working of the materials in the ag engine has been continued a
sufficient length of time, the compound is spread out and dried in the air
According to the strength of the product to be obtained, the mass is allowed to lie
for from 1 to 2 hours
When sufficiently died, the mass is passed through two heavy rolls of a rolling
mill, the rolls being set it a distance apart corresponding to the thickness of the
artheal leather desired to be obtained
In order to remove the fibrous particles containing cellulose visible on the outer

page_text: surface of the mass, and to impart to the whole a homogeneous horn like appearance,
the product is passed through a mixture of concentrated nitic and sulphuric acid
and it is then washed in cold water for removing the adheung acids
After again drying, the mass is introduced in a solution of camphor in ether,
and is then again passed between two heavy rolls heated to about 50°C, in order,
by the simultaneous action of heat and pie sure to bring about a solvent action
of the camphor upon the total product, and thus to increase the plastic appearance
thereof
It should be observed that in place of the caoutchouc, 25 parts of bone glue
can be used, which are di solved in linseed oil heated to 100° C, and to which is
then added a solution of tannin, 5 parts of glycerine, 5 parts of paraffin and 5 parts
of bichromate of potash, or 5 parts of chrome alum, the operation being otherwise
carried out in the same manner as stated under 2)
If it be desned to impart to the end-product the character of greater hardness,
a proportionately larger quantity of reduced ivory nuts or cocos or para-nuts &c
1s used
The proportions above given can be varied within certain limits, so that for
obtaining a useful product it is not necessary to adhere stuctly to these
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same 18 to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is
-
1 Piccess for the manufacture of artificial leather consisting of the following
operations
a, Solution of bone glue in linseed oil heated to about 100° C, or in tannin
solution or glycerine or paraffin
b, Solution of caoutchouc and colophony or other suitable resins in sulphide
of carbon and spirits
c, Combination of the compounds set forth under a, and b, under continuous
stiring in glazed vessels
d, Boiling of ground ivory nuts, cocos or para-nuts in glue solution, drying
the mass, and freeing it from water
e, Reduction of cotton fibre and other fibres by means of cutting machinery
f, Combining together of the materials prepared under c, d, and e, under the
action of a rag engine, with addition of carbonate of lime, as also of the
colouring matter with which the end product is to be tinted
9, Spreading out and drying the material obtained under f, to a layer
proportionate to the thickness of the product to be obtained
Rolling the dried product
2 For producing a horn like appearance of the artificial leather produced as
set forth in the first claim, treating the same with a mixture of concentrated
sulphuric and nitric acids, and then washing the same in cold water
3 For enabling the artificial leather produced according to the first claim to be
effectually bleached, the addition of camphor with its solvent to the cautchouc
under a, and b
0
4 For producing a silky lustre on the product, the treatment of the material
obtained under f, by boiling it for a short time in a solution of the colouring
material in acetic acid
ป
As a new manufacture, artificial leather produced as set forth in the preceding
claims
Dated this 24th day of January 1896
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants