IMPROVEMENTS IN PUDDLING FORNACES AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWING
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Gay Newton Alleyne, of Butterley Iron Works,
Alfreton, in the County of Derby, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PUDDLING FORNACES AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWING"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Gay Newton Alleyne
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th February 1865.
I, JOHN GAY NEWTON ALLEYNE, of Butterley Iron Works, Alfreton, in the
County of Derby, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PUDDLING FURNACES AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH,"
to be as follows:-
One part of my Invention has reference to the construction of puddling
furnaces with rotating and removeable beds.
In the arrangements heretofore employed the bed has been mounted upon
a central axis carried by a carriage or truck, upon which axis the bed was
made to revolve by means of gearing, also carried by the carriage. This
arrangement is inconvenient both on account of the gearing being too near
the heat of the furnace, and consequently liable to deterioration, as also
on account of the cumbrous form of carriage that such an arrangement
necessitates.
Now my present Invention consists in simply mounting the bed of the
furnace upon wheels, and in constructing a turntable inside the furnace below

page_text: the bed of the same, and on a level with the floor of the mill, upon which
turntable the moveable bed is wheeled, and is then caused to revolve by
turning the turntable by means of gearing arranged in convenient manner
below the floor of the mill.
any
Another part of my Invention has reference to arrangements for imparting
the reciprocating and vibrating motion to mechanical stirrers for stirring the
metal in puddling furnaces. Such mechanical stirrers have heretofore been
worked by more or less complex mechanism, which has been fixed either upon
the furnace-or below the same, whereby such mechanism has been liable to
get out of order through the sinking of the furnace, or from the great heat to
which it is exposed.
My Invention has for its object to simplify the mechanism requisite for
imparting the duplex motion to the stirring tool or "rabble," and to arrange
such mechanism quite distinct and apart from the puddling furnace. For this
purpose I construct a strong upright framing in front of the furnace, the
upper portion of which framing is made capable of receiving a reciprocating
partial rotary motion round a central axis by means either of spur or bevil
gearing, or of a worm and worm wheel attached to such central axis, or to
the framing itself, the reversing motion being obtained by any known arrange-
ment of reversing clutches or pullies upon the driving shaft. This upright
framing carries the stirring tool or "rabble" arranged to slide backwards and
forwards in guides, which reciprocating motion is imparted to it by means of
a crank pin upon a revolving shaft carried by the framing, such crank pin
being made to work either directly in a loop or slot formed in the rabble
itself, or in a slot formed in a rocking lever, which imparts the requisite to-
and-fro motion to the rabble, or the motion of the rabble may be obtained by an
ordinary crank and connecting rod motion. The rotary motion of the crank
pin, as also of the framing itself, may be obtained either from a main driving
shaft of the mill or from a small independent steam engine with suitable
gearing mounted upon the said framing.
In some cases, instead of causing the upright framing to turn to-and-fro
upon its axis, I arrange the same to slide to and from or in a line parallel to
the furnace, upon a bed level with the floor of the mill, which bed receives
á horizontal vibrating motion, being made to turn upon a boss or centre by
means of a revolving crank shaft carried by the bed and attached to one end
of a connecting rod, the other end of which is attached to some fixed point,
either of the floor of the mill or of the furnace, such crank shaft also carries
a second crank, which imparts the to-and-fro motion to the upright framing
upon the bed by means of a connecting rod. By this arrangement every part

page_text: of the furnace can be brought under the action of the tool without causing
the bed of the furnace to revolve, a case of much importance where this
apparatus is used on an ordinary furnace without a revolving bottom.
In all the before-described arrangements the reciprocating stirring tool or
rabble is by preference not carried in a rigid manner by the upright framing,
but is hinged at or near the middle of its length to a bar, which is made to
slide in the framing, as before described, the tail of such rabble being formed
into a loop, in which a lever carried by the sliding bar works, so that by
moving such lever in one direction or the other the rabble may, during its
to-and-fro motion, be raised or depressed to a certain extent. The before-
mentioned hinge is arranged so as to act as a disengaging hook, by which the
tool can easily and quickly be changed.
Another part of my Invention consists in combining the before-described or
any other known arrangement of mechanical stirrer having a horizontal to-and-
fro motion with the before-described or any other known arrangement of
rotating furnace bed, whereby the advantage will be gained of being able to
cause the rabble to act upon every portion of the bed in succession, without
its being necessary to impart to the rabble any other than the before-men-
tioned to-and-fro motion. When the rotating bed is at the same time
removeable from the furnace, as before described, the before-mentioned
arrangement of revolving upright framing to the mechanical stirrer may
be rendered available for drawing the bed out of the furnace by means of
a rope or chain passed round a groove upon such framing.
Another part of my Invention has reference to the utilization of the waste
heat from puddling furnaces by causing the heated gases to pass through the
flues of a steam boiler placed immediately above the puddling furnace; such
steam boilers have been employed by me since the year 1858, consisting of a
vertical portion situated over the up-take of the furnace, and of a horizontal
portion passing from such vertical portion along over the furnace to the
chimney at the other end; an internal flue was formed, both in the vertical
and the horizontal portion of the boiler, through which the flames and hot
gases were made to pass. These flues were of large dimensions, and conse-
quently the heat of the flames and gases passing through was not effectually
absorbed by the water in the boiler, in addition to which the intense heat of
the large volume of flame rising up through the flue of the vertical part in
striking against the closed upper end of such flue was apt to destroy the flue
rapidly, which was also accelerated on account of the unequal expansion and
contraction owing to unequal heating.
Now my present improvements have for their object both to cause the heat

page_text: of the flames and gases to be more effectually absorbed, and to prevent such
injuring of the flues. For this purpose I fix in the top surface of the vertical
flue a number of double water tubes, such as are described in the Specifica-
tion to certain Letters Patent granted to Jacob Perkins, and bearing date the
2rd July 1831, No. 6128, which water tubes being made to hang down in the
vertical flue rapidly absorb the heat from the flames passing up, and prevent their
striking with such intensity against the top of the flue. In the horizontal
portion of the boiler I form a number of small flues, instead of one large one,
being arranged in a similar manner to the fire tubes of an ordinary multi-
tubular or locomotive boiler. By the combined arrangement of these fire
tubes and the before-mentioned pendant water tubes the heat is most
effectually absorbed from the flames and hot gases of the furnace; or in place.
of the above-described arrangement I form both the vertical and horizontal
flue of large dimensions, as heretofore, and I corrugate the surfaces of the same
so as both to offer a considerably increased amount of surface to the action of
the flames, and to cause more or less every portion of the same to come in
contact with and to impart their heat to such surface by obstructing their
direct passage through the flues, and also to some extent to make the flues
elastic, and to allow them to spring under unequal expansion and contraction
of the flues and shells.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Gay Newton Alleyne in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 16th August 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
GAY NEWTON ALLEYNE, of Butterley Iron Works, Alfreton, in the County of
Derby, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Ier heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said John Gay Newton Alleyne, Her special licence that I,
the said John Gay Newton Alleyne, my executors, administrators,. and
assigns, or such others as I, the said John Gay Newton Alleyne, my execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within

page_text: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and. Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUDDLING FURNACES
AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said John Gay Newton Alleyne, my executors or administrators,
by an, instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Gay Newton Alleyne, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying Draw-
ings, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say:-
One part of my Invention has reference to the construction of puddling
furnaces with rotating and removeable beds..
1
In the arrangements heretofore employed the bed has been mounted upon
a central axis carried by a carriage or truck; upon which axis the bed was
made to revolve by means of gearing also carried by the carriage. This
arrangement is inconvenient, both on account of the gearing being too near
the heat of the furnace, and consequently liable to deterioration, as also
on account of the cumbrous form of carriage that such an arrangement
necessitates.
Now my present Invention consists in simply mounting the bed of the
furnace upon wheels, and in constructing a turntable inside the furnace below
the bed of the same, and on a level or nearly level with the floor of the mill,
which turntable the moveable bed is wheeled, and is then caused to
revolve by turning the turntable by means of gearing arranged in any
convenient manner below the floor of the mill.
upon
Another part of my Invention has reference to arrangements for imparting
the reciprocating and vibrating motion to mechanical stirrers for stirring the
metal in puddling furnaces. Such mechanical stirrers have heretofore been
worked by more or less complex mechanism, which has been fixed either upon
the furnace or below the same, whereby such mechanism has been liable to
get out of order through the sinking of the furnace, or from the great heat to
which it is exposed.
My Invention has for its object to simplify the mechanism requisite for
imparting the duplex motion to the stirring tool or "rabble," and to arrange
such mechanism quite distinct and apart from the puddling furnace. For this

page_text: purpose I construct a strong upright framing in front of the furnace, the
upper portion of which framing is made capable of receiving a reciprocating
partial rotary motion round a central axis by means either of pulleys and
belts, of a spur or bevil gearing, or of a worm and worm wheel attached to
such central axis or to the framing itself, the reversing motion being obtained
by any known arrangement of reversing clutches or pulleys upon the driving
shaft. This upright framing carries the stirring tool or "rabble" arranged
to slide backwards and forwards in guides, which reciprocating motion is
imparted to it by means of a crank pin upon a revolving shaft carried by the
framing, such crank pin being made to work either directly in a loop or slot formed
in the rabble, bar, or slide itself, or in a slot formed in a rocking lever, which
imparts the requisite to-and-fro motion to the rabble, or the motion of the
rabble may
be obtained by an ordinary crank and connecting-rod motion. The
rotary motion of the crank pin, as also of the framing itself, may be obtained
either from a main driving shaft of the mill, or from an independent steam
engine with suitable gearing mounted upon the said framing.
In some cases, instead of causing the upright framing to turn to and fro
upon its axis, I arrange the same to slide to and from or in a line parallel to
the furnace upon a bed above, below, or level with the floor of the mill, which
bed may either be stationary or may receive a horizontal vibrating motion,
being made to turn upon a boss or centre by means of a revolving crank
shaft carried by the bed and attached to one end of a connecting rod, the
other end of which is attached to some fixed point, either of the floor of the
mill or of the furnace; such crank shaft also carries a second crank, which
imparts the to-and-fro motion to the upright framing upon the bed by means
of a connecting rod. By this arrangement every part of the furnace can be
brought under the action of the tool without causing the bed of the furnace
to revolve; a case of much importance where this apparatus is used on an
ordinary furnace without a revolving bottom. When the framing carrying
the rabble receives a motion parallel to a furnace having a long rectangular
bed, as above mentioned, the bed upon which the frame slides is made
stationary, as the rabble working through a longitudinal slit in the furnace is
made to pass over the entire surface of the bed of the latter simply by the
to-and-fro motion of the framing.
In all the before-described arrangements the reciprocating stirring tool or
rabble is by preference not carried in a rigid manner by the upright framing,
but is hinged at or near the middle of its length to a bar, which is made to
slide on the framing as before described, the tail of such rabble being formed
into a loop, in which a lever carried by the sliding bar works, so that by

page_text: moving such lever in one direction or the other the rabble during its to-and-
fro motion may be raised or depressed to a certain extent. The before-men-
tioned hinge is arranged so as to act as a disengaging hook,. by which the tool
can easily and quickly be changed.
Another part of my Invention consists in combining the before-described or
any other known arrangement of mechanical stirrer having a horizontal rec-
tilinear to-and-fro motion with the before-described or any other known,
arrangement of rotating furnace bed, whereby the advantage will be gained
of being able to cause the rabble to act upon every portion of the bed in
succession, without its being necessary to impart to the rabble any other than
the before-mentioned to-and-fro motion. When the rotating bed is at the
same time removable from the furnace, as before-described, the before-men-,
tioned arrangement of a revolving upright framing to the mechanical stirrer
may be rendered.available for drawing the bed out of the furnace
a rope or chain passed round a groove upon such framing.
means of
Another part of my Invention has reference to the utilization of the waste.
heat from puddling furnaces by causing the heated gases to pass through the
flues of a steam boiler placed immediately above the puddling furnace. Such
steam boilers have been employed by me since the year 1858, consisting of a.
vertical portion situated over the up-take of the furnace, and of a horizontal
portion passing from such vertical portion along over the furnace to the
chimney at the other end. An internal flue was formed both in the vertical
and the horizontal portion of the boiler, through which the flames and hot gases
were made to pass. These flues were of large dimensions, and consequently
the heat of the flames and gases passing through was not effectually absorbed.
by the water in the boiler; in addition to which the intense heat of the large,
volume of flame rising up through the flue of the vertical part, in striking
against the closed upper end of such flue, was apt to destroy the flue rapidly,
which was also accelerated on account of the unequal expansion and contrac-
tion owing to uneqal heating.
Now my present improvements have for their object both to cause the heat
of the flames and gases to be more effectually absorbed, and to prevent such
injuring of the flues. For this purpose I fix in the top surface of the vertical
flue a number of double water tubes, such. as are described in the Specifica-
tion to certain Letters Patent granted to Jacob Perkins, and bearing date the
2nd July, 1831, No. 6128, which: water tubes, being made to hang down in
the vertical flue, rapidly absorb the heat from the flames passing up, and
prevent their striking with such intensity against the top of the flue. In the
horizontal portion of the boiler I form a number of small flues instead of one

page_text: large one, being arranged in a similar manner to the fire-tubes of an ordinary
multitubular or locomotive boiler; or a number of vertical water tubes may
be fixed in one large flue. By the combined arrangement of these fire or
water tubes and the before-mentioned pendant water tubes, the heat is most
effectually absorbed from the flames and hot gases of the furnace; or, in
place of the above-described arrangement, I form both the vertical and hori-
zontal flue of large dimensions as heretofore, and I corrugate the surfaces of
the same, so as both to offer a considerably increased amount of the surface
to the action of the flames, and to cause more or less every portion of the
same to come in contact with and to impart their heat to such surface by
obstructing their direct passage through the flues, and also to some extent to
make the flues elastic, and to allow them to spring under unequal expansion
and contraction of the flues and shells.
But in order that the several parts of my Invention may be more easily
understood and readily carried into effect, I will now proceed more particularly
to describe the best means I am acquainted with for carrying them into
effect.
Figures 1 to 4, on Sheet I., of the accompanying Drawings show my
improved arrangement of puddling furnace with rotating and removeable bed.
Figure 1 shows a vertical longitudinal section through the furnace; Figure 2
shows a front elevation of the same; Figure 3 shows a transverse section; and
Figure 4 shows a sectional plan. Similar letters of reference indicate similar
parts in each of the Figures.
Below the bed A of the furnace, on a level with the floor line B of the mill,
is arranged a strong iron turntable C supported by the central post D, and at
the circumference by the rollers E, E, and receiving a slow rotary motion by
means of the worm wheel F fixed thereto, and the worm G upon the shaft H
driven from the main or other shaft of the mill. The circular bed A of the
furnace is mounted upon a strong iron carriage I, running upon rails J, J,
upon the turntable and upon the floor of the mill, or the turntable and rails
may be above or below the floor of the mill if required. For the admission
of the bed into and removal of the same from the furnace, the side of the
latter is provided with an opening K of corresponding dimensions, which,
when the furnace is at work, is closed by means of a door L, which is raised
and lowered by means of the levers M, M. The upper edge of the bed A is
made to fit as closely as possible to the under side of the projecting hollow
iron rim N formed all round the furnace, in order to prevent the heat and
flames from injuring the carriage and turntable. If required, a second turn-
table may be arranged just in front, outside the furnace, by which the

page_text: removeable bed when drawn out of the furnace may be run upon rails laid in
any required direction. The door O to the puddler's opening is made flush
with the furnace plates, as shown, so as to allow the door L to pass over it on
being raised.
-
Figures 5 to 8, on Sheet I., show one arrangement of my improved mode
of working mechanical stirrers to puddling furnaces, employed in combination
either with the before-described or any other known arrangement of a
rotating bed, or with an ordinary puddling furnace with a fixed bed; Figure 5
shows a longitudinal section of the apparatus,. and a transverse section of the
furnace; Figure 6 shows a front elevation of the apparatus; Figure 7 shows
a plan; Figure 8 shows a sectional plan; and Figure 9 shows a transverse
section. A, A¹, is an iron framing, the lower part A' of which is fixed below
the floor of the mill, while the upper part A is capable of revolving upon the
lower part by means of spherical or other rollers a, a, running in grooves, as
shown. A slow reciprocating rotary motion is imparted to the upper part by
means of a worm B in gear with a worm wheel C fixed or formed on the
framing A, the worm B receiving rotary motion alternately in one direction,
and the other from the pulley D on the driving shaft E by means of a crossed
strap F and open strap G, made by a reversing lever H to run alternately
upon the fast pulley I and loose pulleys I¹, I', in a manner well understood.
At the top of the framing A are formed guides J, J, between which a bar K
is capable of sliding backwards and forwards. This bar is connected by means
of an eye L to the stirring tool or rabble M, which consequently receives
therefrom the requisite backward and forward motion upon the bed of the
furnace, and at the same time receives a lateral reciprocating motion from the
before-described motion of the framing A. The tail of the rabble has a
loop N, in which the end of the lever O carried by the bar K works, so that
by moving the other end of the lever the rabble will be raised or lowered.
The before-described reciprocating motion is imparted to the bar K by the
rocking lever P carried by the framing A, the end of which lever works in a
slot in the bar, and which receives its motion from a crank pin Q on the bevil
wheel R, working in a slot in the lever, as shown. The bevil wheel R on the
shaft S carried by the framing A is in gear with the bevil wheel T upon the
upright central shaft U, upon which is a second bevil wheel V in gear with
the bevil wheel W upon the driving shaft E. The end of the rocking lever P
may, in place of working in a slot in the bar K, be connected thereto by
means of a link, as shown at Figure 9.
Figures 10 to 13, on Sheet II., of the accompanying Drawings show
another arrangement of my improved puddling machinery. Figure 10 shows

page_text: a sectional elevation on line X, X, Figure 11; Figure 11 shows a plan;
Figure 12 shows a plan with the rotating framing removed; and Figure 13
shows a sectional elevation on line Y, Y, Figure 11. In this arrangement
the lower framing A¹ may either be stationary or it may be mounted on
wheels Z, Z, and made to travel either in a line parallel with the furnace or
to and from the same. For this purpose the driving shaft B passes through
the framing A', and has a feather upon it, whereby the bevil pinion C, which
is carried along the shaft by the framing A', as shown, is at the same time
made to revolve with it. The pinion C is in gear with a bevil wheel D upon
the vertical shaft E, carried by the transverse framing F, F¹. This shaft
carries at its upper extremity the crank plate G, the crank pin H of which works
in a slot I in the bar K, so that the crank plate, receiving rotary motion from
the shaft B, imparts the requisite reciprocating motion to the bar K, and to
the rabble attached thereto in the manner described with reference to the
preceding arrangement. In order to obtain the requisite reciprocating lateral
motion of the rabble, such motion is imparted to the upper framing A
carrying the same, in the following manner :-Upon the shaft E are two loose
pinions L, L', which are alternately made to revolve with the shaft E by
means of the clutch M, actuated in a manner to be hereafter described. In
gear with the pinions L, L', is a third pinion N carried by the transverse
framing F¹ upon the same spindle, with which is the worm O in gear with the
worm wheel P, also carried by the framing F'. Upon the same spindle with
the worm wheel is a spur pinion Q in gear with a spur wheel R attached to
the central boss S of the upper revolving framing A, which boss works upon
the cylindrical boss T formed on the framing F'. From this arrangement it
will be seen that as the clutch M is put in gear alternately with the pinions L
and L, the framing A', and with it the rabble, will receive a slow lateral
motion, first in one direction and then in the other. In order to make the
reversing motion of the clutch M self-acting, the lever V working the same,
is connected by a link W to a pin on the disc a carried by the framing A; this.
disc is also connected by means of the rod 6 and lever c to the spindle d,
carrying the rocking lever with balance weight e.
furthermore provided with a finger f, against which two studs g, g', upon the
revolving framing A strike alternately as the latter arrives at one end motion
or the other. By the motion thus imparted to the disc a, it will be seen that
the lever W will be alternately raised and lowered, thereby reversing the
action of the clutch apparatus, such motion being rendered accurate by the
action of the rocking lever with balance weight e, which falls over to the
one side or the other when the disc a has once been put in motion by the
At the top the disc a is

page_text: studs g, g. The lever V is also provided with a handle passing through the
framing A', by which the motion of the framing A may be regulated by hand
if required. Instead of driving the apparatus by means of the mill shafting,
it may be worked by an independent steam engine, as shewn at Figures 14
to 17, on Sheet II. Figure 14 shews a sectional elevation on line X, X,
Figure 15; Figure 15 shews a plan; Figure 16 shews a sectional plan
through the lower framing A¹; and Figure 17 shews a sectional elevation on
line Y, Y, Figure 15. In this arrangement the to-and-fro motion of the
bar K with the rabble, as also the lateral motion of the framing A, is obtained
from the small steam cylinder B mounted on the latter. For this purpose
the crank shaft C carries firstly a spur pinion D, which is in gear with the
spur wheel E on the shaft F. Upon this shaft is also the crank plate G,
which in revolving imparts the requisite to-and-fro motion to the rabble by
means of the crank pin H working in the loop of the bar K, as before
described. The crank shaft C furthermore carries a bevil pinion I in gear
with a pinion J on a vertical spindle carried by the bracket L fixed to the
framing A. On the same spindle with the pinion J is another pinion N in
gear with two pinions 0, 0, loose upon the spindle P carried by the revolving
framing A. The pinions O, O', are capable of being made to carry the
spindle P round with them alternately in reverse directions by means of the
clutch Q. Upon the spindle P is a worm R in gear with the worn wheel S
fixed to the lower framing A¹, so that as the spindle P and with it the
worm R is made to revolve alternately in one direction or the other by the
pinions O, O', the framing A is made to revolve partially upon the central
axis T, alternately in reverse directions. To allow of this motion, the steam
pipe U to the steam cylinder B is provided at a, b, c, with socket joints, of
which a and b are spherical joints. The lever V to the reversing clutch Q
may either be worked by hand, or it may be made self-acting by causing it to
come against the ends of the slot g in the framing A' at each end motion, the
throwing over of the clutch being completed the action of a spring i con-
nected by a link to the lever V. This apparatus may also be mounted on
wheels, as in the before-described arrangement, and it may be moved in any
required direction by means of a pulley on the crank shaft C driving a pulley
at d, shewn in dotted lines, which may be made to impart motion to the
wheels h by means of a worm and worm wheel e, f, and any suitable reversing
gear, such as before described.
Figures 18 and 19, on Sheet III., shew a sectional elevation and plan of
an arrangement in which the framing A, instead of receiving the before-
described reciprocating rotary motion for imparting the requisite lateral motion

page_text: to the rabble, is made to travel backwards and forwards parallel to the
furnace B, the bed of which is for this purpose made of a long rectangular
form, and which is provided with a long slot in the door C, as shewn, for the
rabble to work through. To obtain the before-mentioned to-and-fro motion
of the framing A and the reciprocating motion of the rabble M, a shaft D
driven by the mill shafting has a bevil pinion E upon it made to revolve there-
with, but capable of sliding along it. This pinion is attached to the framing A
by means of a bracket F passing through a slot in the floor plate, and is
in gear with a bevil wheel G upon the vertical shaft H, carried by the
framing A, to the upper end of which shaft is fixed the crank plate I,
imparting the to-and-fro motion to the rabble M, in the manner before
described with reference to the two preceding arrangements. Upon the end
of the shaft D is a worm L in gear with a worm wheel N upon the vertical
shaft O, carrying the crank plate P, to which consequently a slow rotary
motion is imparted. The crank pin Q is connected by means of the rod R to
a pin S attached to the bottom of the framing A, so that by the rotary motion
of the crank plate P a slow motion is imparted to the puddling apparatus
backwards and forwards in front of the furnace. The shaft D is driven by
means of speed pulleys T, for the purpose of regulating the speed of the
puddling apparatus according to the state of the iron in the furnace, which
arrangement may also be applied to the driving shafts of the preceding
arrangements. If it is preferred to form the bed of the furnace with circular
ends, the upper portion of the framing A carrying the rabble may receive a
reciprocating rotary motion, in addition to the motion parallel with the furnace,
by means of an arrangement similar to that described with reference to
Figures 10 to 13, Sheet II., or the entire bed V, together with the gearing,
may be mounted upon a framing working upon a centre, and receiving motion
to and from the furnace by means of a crank on the shaft O and a connecting
rod, as herein-before described. Instead of obtaining the motion of the
puddling apparatus by the arrangement just described, it may be worked in the
manner indicated in part sectional elevation and end view in Figures 20 and
21, on Sheet III. Here the to-and-fro motion of the framing A is obtained
by means of a chain or band E connected to the eyes B, B, fixed to the
framing A, and passing over the pulleys or chain wheels C, C', of which C
receives rotary motion alternately in reverse directions from the mill shaft D
by the following reversing arrangement:-Upon the shaft D are two loose
pinions F, F, capable of being made to revolve alternately with the shaft by
means of the reversing clutch G, the lever of which may either be arranged
to be worked by hand or by the apparatus itself when arriving at the end of

page_text: its backward or forward motion. The pinion F is directly in gear with the
spur wheel H upon the same spindle as the pulley or chain wheel C', so
that when the pinion F is made to revolve with the shaft D the pulley C¹
revolves in the contrary direction to the latter. The pinion F¹ is in gear with
a pinion I, on the same spindle with which is another pinion I¹ in gear with
the spur wheel H. (but of course so arranged as not to be in gear with the
pinion F by making the wheel H double width as shewn), so that by causing
the pinion F to revolve with the shaft D, it will be seen that the pulley H
will be made to revolve in the same direction with the latter. The rotary.
motion of the vertical shaft J for imparting the to-and-fro motion to the
rabble is obtained by means of an endless band or chain K passing round a
pulley L upon the shaft J, and round the pulleys N, N', of which the latter,.
being upon the driving shaft C, imparts the requisite motion to the band K
and pulley L. If desired, the to-and-fro motion of the framing may be
obtained by hand by fixing a rack upon or below the floor of the mill, in gear
with which is a spur wheel or worm carried by the framing, and driven by.
means of a crank handle, with or without speed-reducing gearing in a manner
well understood.
At Figures 22 and 23, Sheet III., are shewn my improved arrangements.
of steam boilers heated by the waste heat of puddling furnaces. At Figure 22
the vertical part A of the boiler, into which the chimney B of the puddling
furnace C opens, is provided with a number of pendant double water
tubes D, D, D, arranged as described in the Specification to the before-.
mentioned Letters Patent granted to Jacob Perkins, which tubes effectually
absorb the heat from the waste gases. The horizontal part E of the boiler is
constructed with fire-tubes F, F, similar to a locomotive boiler, which also
effectually absorb the heat from the waste gases.
.
At Figure 23 the entire surface of the internal flue A of the boiler B is
formed corrugated, as shewn, in order effectually to break up the currents of
hot gases passing through, as before stated, and to offer a considerably greater
amount of heating surface, in addition to which the. flue is thereby rendered
sufficiently elastic to yield to the unequal expansion and contraction consequent.
on unequal heating without injury to the boiler.
.Having now described the nature of the several parts of my Invention, and.
the best means I am acquainted with of. performing the same, I wish it to be
understood that I do not confine myself to the exact details of the various
arrangements of puddling apparatus herein-before described, with reference
to the accompanying Drawings, as these may be variously modified without
departing from the nature of my Invention, nor do I claim such details, when

page_text: taken separate and apart from their combination for the purposes set forth,
as forming any part of my present Invention, nor do I claim generally the
combination of a mechanical stirrer with a puddling furnace with rotating
bed, as I am aware that such an arrangement is described in the Specification
to Letters Patent granted to W. E. Newton, bearing date the 15th June
1857, No. 1671; but what I claim is,
First, constructing puddling furnaces having a rotating and removeable bed,
in which the rotary motion of the bed is obtained by means of a revolving
table beneath the bed on a level with, or above or below, the floor of the mill,
on to which table the carriage carrying the bed is run, substantially as herein-
before described, with reference to Figures 1 to 4 on the accompanying
Drawings.
Second, constructing mechanical puddling apparatus, in which the rabble
or stirring tool is carried by a framing separate from the furnace, and arranged
either stationary or moveable, the upper portion of which framing carrying
the rabble receives a reciprocating motion, while the to-and-fro motion of
the rabble is obtained by means of rocking levers or cranks carried by the
said framing, and actuated substantially as herein-before described with
reference to Figures 5 to 17 on the accompanying Drawings.
Third, constructing mechanical puddling apparatus in which the rabble or
stirring tool is carried by a framing or carriage receiving a rectilinear recipro-
cating motion in a line parallel or nearly so to the puddling furnace, while the
rabble receives a to-and-fro motion at right angles to that of the framing by
means of cranks or rocking levers carried by the framing, substantially as
herein-before described with reference to Figures 18 to 21 on the accompanying
Drawings.
Fourth, constructing mechanical puddling apparatus, in which the rabble
or stirring tool is carried by a framing or carriage capable of receiving a
rectilinear to-and-fro motion, while the rabble receives both a rectilinear to-and-
fro motion upon the framing and a lateral reciprocating rotary motion, either
together with the upper part of the framing, substantially as herein-before
described with reference to Figures 10 to 17 on the accompanying Drawings,
or by causing the bed upon which the framing moves to vibrate upon an axis,
substantially as herein-before described with reference to Figures 18 and 19.
Fifth, combining mechanical puddling apparatus, in which the rabble or
stirring tool has a rectilinear to-and-fro motion imparted to it, with puddling
furnaces having rotating beds.
Sixth, constructing steam boilers for utilizing the waste heat of puddling
furnaces, in which the vertical part into which the gases issue from the

page_text: furnace is provided with pendant water tubes, while the horizontal part is
constructed with fire-tubes similar to a locomotive boiler, substantially as
herein-before described with reference to Figure 22 on the accompanying
Drawings.
Seventh, constructing steam boilers for utilizing the waste heat of puddling
furnaces having internal flues, the surfaces of which are formed corrugated,
substantially as herein-before described with reference to Figure 23 on the
accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Gay Newton Alleyne, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
J. G. N. ALLEYNE. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by
J. G. N. Alleyne, in the
presence of
JOHN RANGDALE,
Butterley Iron Works.