IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND TWISTING WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Ladley, of Leeds, in the County of York,
Woollen Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND TWISTING WOOL OR OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 31st August 1869, and dated the 1st March 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Ladley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st March 1869.
I JOSEPH LADLEY, of Leeds, in the County of York, Woollen Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND TWISTING WOOL OR
OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that class of machinery employed for
spinning and twisting fibrous substances technically known as "frames,"
whether on the flyer cap or cup principle, and wherein the yarn is
conducted or delivered to the spindles or bobbins by or from between
pairs of drawing or delivery rollers. These improvements consist,-
Firstly. In the application to such machinery of pairs of drawing
or delivery rollers, constructed in two or more parts longitudinally, such

page_text: parts being operated so as to move or slide endwise in opposite directions,
as shewn and described in the Specification of a Patent granted to me,
dated April 4th, A. D. 1867, No. 1009.
Secondly. The Invention relates to that class of frames which stop
running while the doffing of the bobbins is effected, and the im-
provements consist in the application of means to avoid having to attach
the ends or threads to each empty bobbin separately. For this purpose
I introduce a boss or collar under the bobbin, or betwixt it and the
wharle, recessed or cupped to receive the bobbin, and I arrange that
the lifter rail shall drop below the bottom of the bobbin at the time of
doffing, so that the yarn will wind upon the said boss and remain there
unbroken while the frame is standing ready to be wound upon the
new empty bobbin when the lifter rail is raised into suitable position for
the purpose.
Thirdly. In a method or means of stopping each flyer, cup, or bobbin
from rotating separately, or without stopping the others in the same
machine, for the purpose of piecing broken ends or other purposes, to
accomplish which I arrange that the spindles of flyer frames or the
cups of cup frames, or the bobbins or loose bosses of cap frames which
have rotary motion given to them shall be driven by surface friction,
or in cases where the yarn is sufficiently strong to bear the sudden strain
thereon when starting, a catch or clutch may be employed in connection
with the wharle, whirl, or driving pulley. I also arrange that the top
roller (when placed in position) by its weight will press upon and
operate a lever and rod which places the wharle, whirl, or driving pulley
in contact with a fixed collar on the spindle, the cup, bobbin, or loose
boss required to be driven, and when the roller is removed from its
position such lever and rod are operated by a counteracting weight or
spring to remove the said wharle, whirl, or driving pulley and catch
or clutch (if used) from contact as aforesaid, and thereby stop the
rotation of the said spindle, cup, bobbin, or loose boss. Or instead of
the lever and rod operated by the top roller to remove or place in
contact the wharle or driving pulloy with the spindle cup, bobbin, or
boss, a slidable incline or wedge niay be operated by the attendant when
required.
Fourthly. The improvements consist in a method or means of stripping
or doffing each bobbin separately, and without stopping the rotation of
the other bobbins in the same frame. For this purpose, in addition to the

page_text: means above described, I operate the traverse or yarn guides by means
of a shaft and toothed wheels gearing into racks hinged to the said
guides which are kept in gear by springs or weights, or instead of teeth
in the wheels and racks surface friction will be sufficient in some cases
for producing the traverse motion of the guides. When any one of
these racks is pressed at the loose end it will come out of gear or contact
and bring the guide with it, which will then drop out of the way for
the convenience of stripping or doffing the bobbin, and instead of the
racks being moveable the wheels may be arranged to move out of
contact with the racks if desirable. This shaft has both an oscillatory
and a slow progressive rotary motion imparted to it so as to produce the
required progressive traverse of the yarn in winding it on the bobbins.
These combined motions may be effected by a reciprocatory rack
gearing in a wheel fixed on the said shaft, which rack at each alternate
stroke is lifted out of gear by an inclined catch hinged so that the return
stroke causes it to skip over one or two of the teeth of the said wheel,
according as arranged for, or a train of wheels with a vibratory lever
may be used for this purpose, or other modified arrangements may be
employed to effect or produce both oscillatory and progressive rotary
motion of the said shaft.
And, Fifthly. In all cases where delivery rollers are used betwixt
the drawing and spinning for the purpose of taking up any slack in
the yarn that may arise from whatever cause I form the driver of these
rollers conical, and apply a guide rail behind having its guides at an
incline, so that any slack of yarn will be thrown towards the thick end
of the conical roller and thereby be taken up quicker.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph Ladley in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 1st September 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
LADLEY, of Leeds, in the County of York, Woollen Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-

page_text: second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Joseph Ladley, Her special licence that
I, the said Joseph Ladley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Joseph Ladley, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
POR SPINNING AND TWISTING WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph Ladley, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascer
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Ladley, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, and accompanying Sheets of Drawings (that
:-
is to say) :-
This Invention relates to that class of machinery employed for
spinning and twisting fibrous substances technically known as "frames,"
whether on the flyer cap or cup principle, and wherein the yarn is
conducted or delivered to the spindles or bobbins by or from between
pairs of drawing or delivery rollers. These improvements consist,―
Firstly. In the application to such machinery of pairs of drawing or
delivery rollers, constructed in two or more parts longitudinally, such
parts being operated so as to move or slide endwise in opposite directions,
as shewn and described in the Specification of a Patent granted to me,
dated April 4th, A. D. 1867, No. 1009.
Secondly. The improvements relate to that class of frames which stop
running while the doffing of the bobbin is effected, and the improvements
consist in the application of means to avoid having the ends or threads
to attach to each empty bobbin separately. For this purpose I introduce
a boss or collar under the bobbin, or betwixt it and the wharle, recessed
or cupped to receive the bobbin, and I arrange that the lifter rail

page_text: shall drop below the bottom of the bobbin at the time of doffing, so
that the yarn will wind upon the said boss and remain there unbroken
while the frame is standing ready to be wound upon the new empty
bobbin when the lifter rail is raised into suitable position for the
purpose.
Thirdly. In a method or means of stopping each flyer, cup, or bobbin
from rotating separately, or without stopping the others in the same
machine, for the purpose of piecing broken ends or other purposes,
to accomplish which I arrange that the spindles, cups, bobbins, loose
bosses, or tubes which require to have rotary motion given to them
shall be driven by surface friction or frictional contact with the wharle
or whirl or driving pulley, or in cases where the yarn is sufficiently
strong to bear the sudden strain thereon when starting a catch or
clutch may be employed in connection with the wharle, whirl, or
driving pulley. I also arrange that the top roller (when placed in
position) by its weight will press upon and operate a lever and rod
which places or allows the wharle, whirl, or driving pulley to be placed
in contact with a fixed collar on the spindle, cup, bobbin, tube, or
loose boss required to be driven, and when the roller is removed from
its position such lever and rod are operated by a counteracting weight
or spring to remove the said wharle, whirl, or driving pulley, and catch
or clutch (if used) from contact as aforesaid, and thereby stop the
rotation of the said spindle, cup, bobbin, tube, or loose boss.
Fourthly. The improvements consist in a method or means of stripping
or doffing cach bobbin separately or independently of the others, or
without stopping the rotation of the other bobbins in the same frame.
For this purpose, in addition to the means above described, I operate the
traverse or yarn guides by means of a shaft and toothed wheels gearing
into racks hinged to the said guides which are kept in gear by springs
or weights, or instead of teeth in the wheels and racks surface friction
will be sufficient in some cases for producing the traverse motion of
the guides. When any one of these racks is pressed at the loose end
it will come out of gear or contact and bring the guide with it, which
will then drop out of the way for the convenience of stripping or
doffing the bobbin, and instead of the racks being moveable the
wheels may be arranged to move out of contact with the racks if
desirable. This shaft has both an oscillatory and a slow progressive
rotary motion imparted to it so as to produce the required progressive

page_text: yet opposite to each other, as has been fully explained in the Specification
of Patent referred to. Rotary motion is communicated to these rollers
by the spur wheels a, b, c, and bevil wheels C from the shaft C', which
receives motion by bevils C³, shaft C³, bevils C, shaft C, bevils C,
shaft C, and the spur wheels C8, from the main driving shaft D.
Reciprocatory motion is given to one of the parts of each roller
respectively by slide rods E and E³, connected to levers E and E³,
which are operated by cams or tappets E and E³, fixed on the shaft C³,
and the other two parts are operated by similar rods, levers, and cams,
arranged at the opposite end of the frame. By the action of these
rollers a suitable amount of twist is put into the rovings after
passing the back nipping or delivery rollers F, thus enabling the-said
rollers A and B to draw or stretch and attenuate the said rovings ready
for the spinning process. There are also two bottom or driving back
rollers F and F, running at different surface speeds, and provision is
made that the top rollers Fs may be placed in contact with either
of the two bottom rollers by the attendant, so as to vary the speed
of delivery of the rovings either quicker or slower as may be required.
The second part of my Invention is shewn in Figs. 1 and 2 where G
is the boss or collor resting upon the wharle G', fixed on the bottom
of a tube which is supported and capable of rotating on the stud G³
fixed in the rail G³, and on which tube is placed the bobbin G' resting
in a recess formed in the top of the boss or collor, in which recess is
fixed a pin to act on a projection on the bobbin, or may enter a notch
formed therein. (These parts are shewn full size in Fig. 5.) The
lifter rail H is arranged to drop below the flange of the bobbin as shewn,
so that the guide eyes I of the ring flyers J will guide the yarn upon
the said bosses G for a few turns on which it remains unbroken whilst
the doffing or removal of the full bobbins and the replacing of them
with empty ones is effected, the rail H is then raised, so that the yarn
is again guided upon the bobbins, thus avoiding the labour and time
of attaching the yarn to each of the bobbins separately as heretofore.
The third part of my said Invention is shewn at Fig. 6 which is a
portion of a frame arranged for spinning direct from the condenser, and
more particularly explained in the Specification of Patent herein-before
referred to. Fig. 7 is a portion of the front elevation, and Figs. 8, 9,
10, and 11, are details drawn on a larger scale. A are ring flyers as
in the previously explained Figures; B, the bobbins placed upon tubes

page_text: with collors C mounted upon studs D fixed in the rail E of the
framework; F are the wharles which are loose on the studs D resting
upon the collors thereof, supporting and communicating motion to
the tubes and bobbins by band G from the roller H in the usual manner.
The wharles and collors of the tubes may be plain surfaces, as shown in
Figs. 6, 7, and 8, or they may be as shewn in Figs. 9 and 10, to catch
or clutch according to the strength of yarn under operation. I and J
are ordinary delivery rollers between which the rovings pass to be spun
or twisted. The top rollers J are portable (as usual) and one end of each
rests upon a fixed bearing K, the other upon a lever L hinged at M
to the framework; and hinged to these levers are hooked rods N to
which are attached springs O at one end and the other to the frame.
When the rollers J are in position as shewn they press upon the levers
Land prevent the hooked ends of the rods N from coming into contact
with the collors C, but when any of the said rollers are removed from
their position the spring O will act upon the rod N and press the hook
into contact with the collors C, and lift the same with the bobbins
thereon out of contact with the wharles, and thus for the time being
prevent rotation of those bobbins for the purpose of piecing broken
yarn or other purposes.
The fourth part of my Invention is also shewn by the same Figures,
where each ring flyer A is fixed to a small frame, P, capable of sliding
up and down on a rod R fixed to the rail E, and to this frame is hinged
a rack S gearing with a toothed or ratchet wheel T mounted on a shaft T",
which has both an oscillatory and a slow progressive motion imparted
to it to produce the required traverse motion of the yarn for winding it
upon the bobbins. These racks S are held in gear with the wheel T
by springs U, but when any of the bobbins become full the toc or
projection S¹ at the bottom of the rack comes in contact with the
wheel T removing the teeth out of gear, so that the frame and flyer
will drop to the bottom to allow the bobbin to be doffed, and at any
time the attendant by taking hold on the bottom end of the said rack
may remove it out of gear with the wheel, and thus lower the flyer to
a position below the flange of the bobbin, so as to allow the bobbin to
be doffed with facility. The lever T" has oscillatory motion imparted
to it by means of a lever V hinged thereon, and to which is attached
a rōd V¹ operated by a cam or tappet V; on the top end of this lever
is a bevil V³ wheel gearing with two other bevil wheels V and Vs, tho

page_text: former fixed and the other loose on the said shaft, as will be more
clearly seen in Fig. 11. The progressive motion of the said shaft is
effected by the pullies W, and the train of gearing or shafts and
wheels X, Y, Z, communicating a slow motion thereto, which may
be varied by change of gear, as will be readily understood. Apparatus
similar to the above described is also applied to the frame illustrated by
Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, for effecting the oscillatory and progressive motion
of the shaft which gives traverse motion to the guides.
The fifth part of my said Invention is shewn in Fig. 8, where instead
of the top roller acting on the lever to prevent the hooked rod from
lifting the bobbin off the wharle or driving pulley a slide pin a* may
be introduced into the stud rail E, which is formed with a conical
shoulder to act as a wedge upon a pin b* in contact with the collor of
the tube. Fig. 12 shews the method of taking up the slack of the
rovings supplied to be spun, wherein the drawing or delivery rollers
are formed taper or conical, and behind is placed a raddle or guide rail,
the guides being placed at an incline in the manner shewn, so that when
any slack occurs the yarn is carried by the guides towards the thick
ends of the rollers, which consequently take it up quicker and thereby
become self-regulating.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and shewn
by Drawings how the same is to be or may be performed or carried into
practical effect, I would have it understood that I do not confine or
restrict myself to the precise details of construction or arrangement of
the various parts of machinery which I have had occasion to shew and
describe for the purpose of explaining my said Invention, nor do I
claim the whole of the parts thereof; but what I do claim is,-
Firstly. The application to spinning and twisting frames of drawing
or delivery rollers, constructed in two parts longitudinally and operated
in the manner substantially as shewn and described, for the purpose of
putting twist into rovings to enable them to be drawn or attenuated
thereby.
.
Secondly. The application of a boss or collar betwixt the bobbin and
the wharle for receiving a few turns of yarn before doffing, to avoid
the separate aitaching of the ends of yarn to the empty bobbins as-
explained.
11
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of sonarately

page_text: stopping the rotation of spindles, cups, caps, tubes, or bosses, by the
removal of the top roller from its position and the starting thereof by
replacing it, suitable provision being made for the purpose, or by means
of wedge or conical slide pin, in manner substantially as shewn and
described.
Fourthly. The method of stripping or doffing any of the bobbins
separately, or without stopping the rotation of any others in the same
frame together with the means of effecting the proper traverse of the
yarn in winding it upon the bobbins, in manner substantially as shewn
and described.
Fifthly. The application of conical delivery rollers with inclined guides
to prevent slack in the yarn in all cases of spinning machinery where
delivery rollers are used.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Ladley, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.