Improvements in Incubators.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Incubators.
I, CHARLES EDWARD ANDERSON, of 126, Wellesley Road, Croydon, in the County
of Surrey, Sanitary Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
The object of my invention is to provide a simple and cheap but highly efficient
and convenient incubator for hatching all manner of eggs.
To carry out this object I make of metal or other suitable material a chamber of
the desired dimensions and preferably of a cylindrical shape. A certain desired:
distance above the flat bottom of this chamber and it may be parallel therewith is
fitted a false bottom also made of any suitable material and in the walls of the
chamber between these two bottoms are the desired number of holes of the proper
size for the admission of air. Centrally or thereabouts in the false bottom is made
an aperture of the requisite size above which can be placed a shallow tray with a
corresponding central or other aperture the somewhat elevated walls whereof may
be covered by perforated material and this tray contains a desired quantity of water
or other liquid and is or can be entirely covered by a piece of flannel or cloth or
other suitable pervious material and the tray can be passed into its required
position through a suitable aperture in the walls of the chamber which can then be
closed.
A certain desired distance above the false bottom and it may be parallel there-
with is arranged a platform made of perforated metal or wood or other suitable
material whereon the eggs to be hatched can be placed and the air that has passed
into the chamber between the two bottoms and rising through the aperture in the
upper bottom has passed over the water in the tray can pass through this perforated
platform to treat the eggs. Just above this platform may be made in the walls of
the chamber a certain number of holes for the admission of more air.
Above this platform at the desired elevation is fitted an annular chamber
preferably made of metal the outer periphery whereof nearly approaches the walls
of the chamber while the inner periphery is of the desired diameter and this annular
chamber in cross section is preferably deeper at its outer periphery than at its inner
periphery. This annular chamber communicates by a tube through the walls of the
chamber with a tube or an hot air chamber placed above a lamp or a gas burner er
other source of heat whereby the air can be heated and passing through the tube
into the annular chamber can be caused by a suitable partition or deflector to flow
round the same and then pass away into the atmosphere through a convenient
discharge pipe and thus while so flowing round the annular chamber will provide
the required heat inside, the chamber which constitutes my incubator. To retain
this heat inside the walls of the chamber above the platform particularly may be
duplicated or otherwise fitted and treated in any nsual manner and be provided
with. any ordinary materials that may be customary and convenient.
To regulate this heat any ordinary and suitable appliances may be used which
will allow and regulate that is to say increase or decrease or prevent the admission

page_text: of hot air to the annular chamber as also it may be the exit of heated air from the
incubator or regulate the source of heat itself in manner as may be suitable and
convenient.
To allow of easy access to the eggs on the platform the walls of the chamber can
be divided just above such platform whereby the upper part of the incubator can when
desired be bodily lifted off or as is perhaps preferable this upper part can be hinged
on the lower part of the incubator in one position.
Thermometers and such like devices can be provided with this incubator as is
usual.
I, CHARLES EDWARD ANDERSON, of 126, Wellesley Road, Croydon, in the County
of Surrey, Sanitary Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of this my invention is to provide a very simple and cheap but
highly efficient and extremely convenient incubator for hatching all manner of
eggs.
In order the more clearly to explain this my invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed I refer to the accompanying drawing wherein I have shewn
a very convenient form and style and manner of construction and arrangement
of my improved incubator and Figure 1 is a vertical section of this incubator.
Figure 2 is an horizontal section of the same taken at a b in Figure 1 and Figure 3
is an horizontal section of the same taken at c d in Figure 1 with some parts of the
various surfaces broken off.
A chamber A is made of metal or other suitable material of the desired dimensions
and preferably of a cylindrical shape and the walls of this chamber A and especially
the side walls thereof can most conveniently and efficiently be doubled as is generally
customary in this kind of apparatus to retain the heat therein the more perfectly
and the space between such double walls can be left empty or can be filled with a
suitable non-conducting substance as may be preferred or this chamber A can be
otherwise constructed and fitted and treated in any usual manner and with and by
any ordinary materials for the same purpose of retaining the heat therein. A certain
small distance above the flat bottom of this chamber A and it may be parallel
therewith is fitted and arranged a false bottom B made of the same or other suitable
material and in the walls of the chamber A between these two bottoms are created
the desired number of small holes B¹ of the proper size for the admission of air
while centrally or thereabouts in the false bottom B is created a large aperture B2
also of the proper size.
A shallow tray C is made of the same or other suitable material and of the desired
dimensions and shape in the bottom of which tray C is created a central or other
aperture C¹ corresponding in size with the aperture B2 herein before described and
walls D surrounding such aperture C¹ are elevated to about the level of the sides of
this tray C where they can if preferred be closed by a tight cap and then a desired
number of small holes D¹ of the proper size can be created in such walls D near
the closed top thereof.or these walls D can be covered by perforated material. This
tray C can therefore contain and retain a certain desired quantity of water or other

page_text: appropriate liquid and the tray C is covered by a piece E of flannel or cloth or
other suitable pervious material duly stretched over the whole of such tray C or over
the greater part thereof. This tray C so made and fitted and duly filled with liquid
can be passed into the chamber A above the false bottom B through a suitable
aperture A made therefor in the side walls of such chamber A and can be slid along
such false bottom B it may be between guides B³ thereon until it has reached its
required position wherein the aperture C¹ in this tray C coincides with and is
immediately above the aperture B2 in this false bottom B in which position the
enlarged end C³ of the tray C can duly close the aperture A2 in the walls of the
chamber A.
A certain small distance above the false bottom B and the tray C thereon and it.
may be parallel therewith is fitted and arranged a platform F made of perforated
metal or wood or other suitable material or of wire gauze or the like whereon the
eggs to be hatched or treated can be placed and as is obvious the air that has
entered the chamber A through the holes B¹ and rising through the apertures B²
and C¹ has passed over the liquid in the tray C being caused so to do by the piece
of material E can rise through the same and pass through the perforated
platform F to treat the eggs in manner as is desired. A certain distance above
this platform F may if desired be created in the walls of the chamber A the desired
number of small holes F1 of the proper size for the admission and it may be the
exit of air.
Above the platform F at the desired elevation near the top of the chamber A is.
fitted and arranged it may be horizontally an annular chamber H preferably inade
of metal and the outer periphery of this chamber H may nearly or quite approach
the walls of the chamber A while the inner periphery thereof is of the desired
diameter and this annular chamber H in cross section is preferably deeper and
larger at its outer periphery than at its inner periphery as is shewn in Figure 1.
The annular chamber H communicates by a tube L passing through the walls of the
chamber A with a tube or an hot air chamber L¹ placed above a lamp or a gas
burner or other source of heat outside such chamber A. and in the drawing I have
shewn the same above an ordinary oil lamp K by which the air can be heated in
the chamber L' and passing through the tube L into the chamber H can be caused
by the partition or deflector M. to flow round the same and while so flowing round
can if and when it may be desired so to do be caused properly to treat all parts of
such chamber H by the baffle plates H³ until it passes away into the atmosphere
through a discharge tube N and thus while so flowing round in this annular
chamber H the heated air will provide the required and necessary heat inside the
chamber A which constitutes my incubator.
It may frequently be desirable to regulate the heat in this my incubator and to
prevent any undue increase in and of such heat and for this purpose I can use any
of the ordinary and appropriate appliances and devices. In the drawing I shew a
very convenient arrangement and apparatus for performing this duty but I would
have it understood that this arrangement is not absolutely necessary in this my
invention and that this apparatus does not necessarily appertain to the same.
According to this arrangement and apparatus a disc O is provided above the platform F
which disc O is so constructed and fitted as to expand when the heat to which it
is subjected rises above the pre-determined level and when it does so expand it lifts
the rod P and therefore also the lever Q by which a damper R is carried wherewith
the hot air chamber L' is closed and therefore when the rod P is lifted the damper R
allows the hot air to escape directly from the chamber L' and does not compel it to
enter the chamber H. Other customary and convenient arrangements and apparatus
may also be used for the same purpose.
To allow of easy access to the platform F the walls of the chamber A can most
conveniently and efficiently be divided above such platform F as is shewn at T in
Figure 1 whereby the upper part of this incubator can when desired be bodily
lifted off the lower part thereof or as is perhaps preferable this upper part can be
hinged on the lower part of the incubator in one position as is shewn at T¹ in

page_text: Figure 1 whereby the upper part of this incubator can when desired be turned on
such hinge T".
Thermometers and suchlike appliances can be provided with this incubator as is
usual and may be desirable.
When the eggs have been hatched the animals produced can when desired be
placed in a receptacle A¹ which can be secured to or hung on any convenient part
of the chamber A preferably perhaps near the top thereof and wherein
they will still receive some benefit from and of the warmth produced in this
incubator.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:
--
1. In an incubator a chamber A a falso bottom B in such chamber A provided
with an aperture B2 a tray C for liquid provided with an aperture C¹ with walls D
therearound a pervious material E over such tray C a perforated platform F in this
chamber A above such false bottom B and tray C and holes B₁ and F¹ created in
the walls of the said chamber A in combination with an annular heating chamber H
inside the chamber A and near the top of the same external means being provided
for heating air for leading it into such chamber H and for discharging it
from such chamber H substantially as and for the purpose herein before described
and declared.
2. The arrangement and combination of parts and appliances constituting my
improved incubator substantially as herein before described and shewn in the
accompanying drawing.
001 T
a
1000