A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki, Proprietor of the
Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. v. Nawrocki, Patent Solicitor and Engineer,
of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, Germany, for an Invention of "A NEW
OR IMPROVED METHOD OF OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER, AND APPARATUS
THEREFOR." A communication from Robert Schultz, of Dirschau, in the
German Empire.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von
Nawrocki at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th April
1881.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, Proprietor of the Firm of J. Brandt
and G. W. v. Nawrocki, Patent Solicitor and Engineer, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse,
Berlin, Germany. "A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF OBTAINING MOTIVE
POWER,, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR." A communication from Robert Schultz, of
Dirschau, in the German Empire.
This Invention relates to the application of anhydrous sulphurous acid (S.O₂) for
obtaining motive power, and has for its object to utilize the heat of the solar rays,
as well as the heat of waste water, steam, and gases produced by manufactories.
Because anhydrous sulphurous acid attains a tension of 5 atmospheres, already
at a temperature of 35 degrees centigrade, it can advantageously be used for this
purpose in an engine instead of aqueous vapour.
For converting solar heat into motive power I prefer to use flat tanks filled with
water or other suitable liquid, and exposed to the influence of the solar rays.
These tanks are so connected with the apparatus for evaporating sulphurous acid
that the liquid heated by the sun causes the sulphurous acid to evaporate.
If the waste liquid or gases from factories is to be utilized the hot liquids or
gases are conducted through the evaporating apparatus. It is only necessary to
connect an engine (which may be constructed like a steam engine) with this
evaporator and a condenser, and to pass the sulphurous acid continuously through
this apparatus, in order to convert heat into motive power by means of the same
quantity of sulphurous acid.

page_text: The evaporator preferably used for this purpose resembles a tubular boiler, and
consists of a shell surrounded by a casing, and containing numerous tubes. The
heated water to be used 'for evaporating the sulphurous acid contained in the boiler
passes round the shell and through the pipes.
It is evident that the arrangement might be reversed by enclosing the sulphurous
acid in the pipes, and causing the hot water to flow around them.
The sulphurous acid rises after evaporation into a dome, from which liquid
particles fall back, while the gas passes through a pipe into the engine. The
evaporator is provided with liquid gauge, pressure gauge, and safety valve, the
vapour escaping from the latter being conducted into a vessel filled with water.
The exhaust from the engine passes into a surface condenser, where it is cooled by
means of cold water, and merely brought back to its liquid state. The liquid
sulphurous acid is conducted from the condenser into a vessel provided with valves,
whereby it can be made to communicate at will either with the evaporator or the
condenser. From this intermediate vessel the liquid sulphurous acid flows back
into the evaporator..
The tanks for absorbing the heat of the sun rays can have any suitable shape,
are blackened, and provided with one or more glass casings to prevent them from
radiating the heat reflected by mirrors. The latter may be made movable, according
to the position of the sun on the horizon. If the sky is clouded the water necessary
for the evaporation of the sulphuric acid may be heated by the combustion of fuel,
and instead of the intermediate vessel a pump may be used for returning the liquid
sulphurous acid into the evaporator.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 14th October 1881.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, Proprietor of the Firm of J. Brandt,
and G. W. v. Nawrocki, Patent Solicitor and Engineer, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse,
Berlin, Germany. "A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF OBTAINING MOTIVE
POWER, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR.". A communication from Robert Schultz, of
Dirschau, in the German Empire.
This Invention relates to the application of anhydrous sulphurous acid (SO₂) for
obtaining motive power, and has for its object to utilize the heat of the solar rays,
as well as the heat of waste water, steam, and gases produced by manufactories.
Because anhydrous sulphurous acid attains a tension of 5 atmospheres, already
at a temperature of 35 degrees centigrade, it can advantageously be used for this
purpose in an engine instead of aqueous vapours..
For converting solar heat into motive power I prefer to use flat tanks filled with
water or other suitable liquid, and exposed to the influence of the solar rays. These
tanks are so connected with the apparatus for evaporating sulphurous acid that the
liquid heated by the sun causes the sulphurous acid to evaporate.
If the waste liquid or gases from factories is to be utilized the hot liquids or
gases are conducted through the evaporating apparatus.
It is only necessary to connect an engine (which may be constructed like a steam
engine) with this evaporator and a condenser, and to pass the sulphurous acid
continuously through this apparatus, in order to convert heat into motive power by
means of the same quantity of sulphurous acid. The evaporator, preferably used
for this purpose, resembles a tubular boiler, and consists of a shell surrounded by a
casing, and constaining numerous tubes. The heated water to be used for
evaporating the sulphurous acid contained in the boiler passes round the shell
and through the pipes. _
It is evident that the arrangement might be reversed by enclosing the sulphurous
acid in the pipes, and causing the hot water to flow around them.
The sulphurous acid rises after evaporation into a dome, from which liquid particles
fall back, while the gas passes through a pipe into the engine. The evaporator is
provided with a liquid gauge, pressure gauge, and safety valve, the vapour escaping
from the latter being conducted into a vessel filled with water. The exhaust from the
engine passes into a surface condenser, where it is cooled by means of cold water,
and thereby brought back to its liquid state.
The liquid sulphurous acid is conducted from the condensor into a vessel
provided with valves, whereby it can be made to communicate at will either with
the evaporator or the condenser. From this intermediate vessel the liquid
sulphurous acid flows back into the evaporator.
The tanks for absorbing the heat of the sun rays can have any suitable shape,
are blackened, and provided with one or more glass casings to prevent them from
radiating the heat reflected by mirrors. The latter may be made movable,
according to the position of the sun on the horizon. If the sky is clouded the
water necessary for the evaporation of the sulphurous acid may be heated by the
combustion of fuel, and instead of the intermediate vessel a pump may be used for
returning the liquid sulphurous acid into the evaporator.
The accompanying Drawing will serve to illustrate the Invention, and show a
suitable mode how to carry it into effect.
Figure 1 shows an engine moved by sulphurous acid with the evaporator and
condenser connected therewith.

page_text: A is the evaporator, consisting of a boiler B surrounded by a shell C, and con-
taining a number of tubes; a and b are in-and-outlet pipes for hot water. The
tube c leads the sulphurous acid after evaporation into the dome d, a bell e
preventing liquid particles from being drawn along; g is a liquid gauge.
h, a pressure gauge; and i, a safety-valve to the evaporator A. Sulphurous
acid escaping through the safety-valve i is collected in a vessel containing water by
means of a pipe k.
The sulphurous acid enters the engine D with high pressure through the pipe f
and leaves it after exhausting through the pipe l, which leads to the condenser E.
The condenser is provided with pressure gauge p, and liquid-gauge o; m and n
being in-and outlet pipes for cold water.
G is a collector for liquid sulphurous acid. q, r, s, and t are valves or cocks for
connecting the condenser and collector with the evaporator B, and readmit the
condensed sulphurous acid into the same.
X is a vessel or tank exposed to the rays of the sun for heating water and
evaporating sulphurous acid, a set of such vessels being preferably used. A set of
reflectors, moved by a clock-work, may be employed for concentrating the rays on
these vessels or tanks, which are preferably made flat, painted black, and
surrounded with glass, the tanks being made of sheet-metal or such like. The
collector G can be replaced by a pump for forcing the condensed acid back into the
evaporator A.
Figs. 2 and 3 represent another arrangement of the evaporator, Fig. 2 being a
vertical section, and Fig. 3, a horizontal section. The boiler containing the sets of
tubes a is here connected with a collector C outside the boiler, the dome, &c. being
.
into power in general.
2. The combination of an apparatus for evaporating sulphurous acid in a system
of tubes with a water heating apparatus or steam boiler.
3. In motors worked by anhydrous sulphurous acid the use of heated air or gases
for evaporating sulphurous acid.
4. The combination of one or more flat blackened tanks containing liquid (if
suitable, covered with glass), which are heated either directly by the rays of sun or
by means of reflectors with the evaporator for sulphurous acid.
5. The combination of an evaporator A for sulphurous acid with a motor D,
condenser E, and collector G, which may also be replaced by a pump, all substan-
tially as described and illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this 12th day of October, A.D. 1881.