matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MAKING GAS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Brook and Alfred Wilson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th May 1876.
EDWARD BROOK and ALFRED WILSON, both of Middlesbrough-on-Tees, in the
North Riding of the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
MAKING GAS."
This Invention of improvements in apparatus for making gas has reference to the
use as herein-after described of what is known as a cupola furnace, by preference
square or rectangular, provided at the top with what we call a rectifying chamber.
There are no grate bars, but the furnace is fitted at the lower part with one or
more tuyeres or openings for the admission of air forced in by means of a steam jet
or any mechanical appliance.
The fuel is charged into the furnace proper or combustion chamber through a
hopper placed at the top of the apparatus and extending down through the
rectifying chamber which surrounds the aforesaid hopper.
The rectifying chamber communicates with the furnace or combustion chamber
below it by a narrow space between the outside of the hopper and the walls of the
furnace. This rectifying chamber is fed with fuel through one or more openings at
the top, but is prevented from dropping down into the combustion chamber below
by means of a projection around the before-mentioned charging hopper and a
"set off" in the walls of the apparatus.
The lower end of the furnace proper or combustion chamber is provided as
usual with one or more openings through which the incombustible residue may be
taken out.
The various gases produced may be generated under any pressure and pass from
the combustion chamber up the space around the lower end of the hopper into the
upper or rectifying chamber containing incandescent fuel; the gases passing through
this fuel become rectified, that is, any carbonic acid gas that may be present is
converted into carbonic oxide, and the tarry vapours into the gaseous state; they
are then led off from the apparatus by a pipe proceeding from this rectifying
chamber.
The effect of the steam mixed with air is to reduce the temperature of combustion

page_text: low enough to prevent the formation of clinkers, but instead of steam other
substances may be employed, such as volatile oils, which absorb heat during their
decomposition, or incombustible gases, such as carbonic acid.
The vertical position of the hopper is very convenient for working, but we do
not adhero to it as it may be placed in any position provided the end opens into the
combustion chamber.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN ADVERTISING
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Macarthur Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th July 1876.
ROBERT MACARTHUR CLARK, of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, Thread Manufacturer. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN ADVERTISING."
This Invention, which relates to an improvement in advertising, has for its
object to protect the public against fraud by retail dealers. It relates more
especially to the bill or invoice headings which are used by retail dealers, and it
consists in the insertion, below the bill or invoice heading, of the trade mark or
label peculiar to or the property of the manufacturing firm whose goods the retail
dealers sell, which label or mark the retail dealer cannot use or obtain excepting
from the manufacturers of the goods supplying the bill or invoice sheet.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY ALARM APPARATUS FOR STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER STRUCTURES WHERE GASEOUS MATTERS ARE LIABLE TO ACCUMULATE TO AN ABNORMAL PRESSURE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William John Coe at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th September 1876.
WILLIAM JOHN COE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Consulting
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY ALARM APPARATUS FOR STEAM BOILERS
AND OTHER STRUCTURES WHERE GASEOUS MATTERS ARE LIABLE TO ACCUMULATE
TO AN ABNORMAL PRESSURE."
This consists in a simple form of safety valve in which the escaping steam or gas
sounds a whistle. The valve can be of any ordinary construction, but preferably
an ordinary mushroom valve. This valve has a spindle going up through a casing.
In the valve chamber of this casing immediately above the valve are a series of slits
or openings just under the edge of a bell of an ordinary whistle screwed on to the
upper portion of the casing, the slits and the bell together forming a steam whistle
to be actuated on by the effluent steam.
The spindle can be held down in various ways, such as by a weighted lever
resting on the top. If however it is desired that it should not be tampered with I
cast or fit on the spindle a pintle or disk, and place thereon a spring or series of
weights surrounding the spindle. If a spring be used its upper end is made to abut
against a ring screwed into the casing by means of a canted head or other holding
arrangement. A cap screwed or bolted on to the casing completes the apparatus.
To facilitate the easing of the valve at any time and to test its action bring up
the spindle through the nut into a prolongation of the cap on top. This latter and
the spindle are slotted in such manner that a horizontal pin working against the
top of the spindle and passing through both spindle and cap freely works in the
slot of the latter. By lifting the said pin in any convenient manner the valve is
raised. A perforated brass casing or dome can encase the whole.
Whistles and other alarms have been attached to safety valves before now, but
usually as an attachment, never I believe as in this case forming an integral part
of the apparatus, and immediately above the valve. By being in this latter position
the steam can act upon it at once instead of as in other apparatus having to warm
an extended surface before it can act with effectiveness. My plan as above described

page_text: is extremely compact and simple besides being very difficult to tamper with, yet
easy to examine.
I sometimes put a lip on the valve as in my Patent safety valve.
Another plan is to do without the spring and suspend a weight in the boiler
from the valve. This is only applicable for other than marine boilers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LOOPED OR KNITTED FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Rowley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th January 1876.
ROBERT ROWLEY, of Leicester, in the County of Leicester, Hosiery and Glove
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LOOPED OR KNITTED
FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
My Invention has for its object the production of looped or knitted fabrics
having vertical stripes in a more efficient manner and with greater facility than
heretofore, and it is applicable to machines of the ordinary construction both
circular and otherwise, and employed in the knitting of work of either a plain or
ribbed character.
In order to effect this object I employ needles of a cramped or bent form with a
longitudinal depression in conjunction with plain needles of the ordinary or other
suitable description, and I arrange these two sets of needles in number and position
according to the width of the stripes and the interval between the same.
I further employ a second or additional feeder for the supply of the thread of the
required colour for the production of the vertical stripes.
In carrying out my Invention as applied for example to a circular knitting
machine the circular head is fitted all round with needles as in the ordinary manner,
but these needles in lieu of being all of the plain description as usual are arranged
in sets consisting of plain needles and needles of the cramped or bent form herein-
before described. The number of needles composing each set is varied according to
the pattern to be produced, for example, when a relatively narrow stripe is required,
say, four of the plain needles may form one set, and two of the cramped or bent
needles may form another set, the sets of plain and cramped needles alternating the
one with the other. The cramped or bent needles by reason of their form project
at the front beyond the other or plain needles, so that when the apparatus is in
operation the thread which is supplied by the ordinary feeder escapes the cramped
needles, and is knitted by the plain needles only. The cramped needles are supplied
from a second 'feeder with thread (by preference of a fine quality) of the requisite
colour, according to the stripe to be produced, which thread is partially knitted or
interlooped with the other thread, and also fills the blank or intervening space left
31

page_text: by the first feeder, and by reason of its diverse colour produces the vertical stripes
required.
Cramped needles bent to various degrees may be employed in the same machine
so as to form additional and independent sets projecting at varying distances from
the plain needles and operating in connection with two or more feeders when a more
variegated checked pattern is required.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SELF-FEEDING PENHOLDERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Howell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th March 1876.
RICHARD HOWELL (Engineer), of Sheffield, in the County of York. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SELF-FEEDING PENHOLDERS."
My Invention consists in constructing the penholder of one or more lengths of
tubing, or other equivalent (being hollow) to contain the ink, one ond being closed
with a removable cap, the other end being provided with means to hold the pen
and permanently closed up. In this end a small hole is made nearly close to the
inside of the pen, which hole is closed or covered by a spring slide or other suitable
contrivance capable of being readily removed to allow the ink to flow through to
the pen.
The penholder may be adapted for solid ink made liquid by the introduction of
water when required. It may also be made telescopic, one part sliding inside the
other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THAT CLLASS OF URNS KNOWN AS TEA AND COFFEE URNS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ralph Chantry Pyrke at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th October 1876.
RALPH CHANTRY PYRKE, of Thornhill Road, Barnsbury Park, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THAT CLLASS OF URNS KNOWN AS TEA AND COFFEE
URNS."
The Invention has for its object improvements in that class of urns known as tea
and coffee urns, and consists principally in the substitution of porcelain or earthen-
ware for metal in the construction thereof.
In the manufacture of urns according to my Invention I prefer to construct the
body of earthenware or porcelain, and connect to body to a metal base or stand, in
which case I form the lower part of the body with a lump or projection thereon
which fits a corresponding recess or socket formed in the base or stand, and in some
cases I pass a pin or bolt transversely through the two parts, or I form such pro-
jection and the recess or socket undercut, and fill in the space between the two with
cement, or I fix a screwed bolt or a rod in the lump or projection, and fix the body
to the base or stand by means of a nut, pin, or key, acting in combination with
such bolt or rod, but other convenient means may be employed for connecting the
body to the base or stand.
The cover I prefer to form of metal in the usual manner, but if desired it may as
also the base or stand be formed of porcelain or earthenware.
The heater socket or receptacle is supported in the interior of the urn by a flange
or projection or projections at the upper edge thereof resting in an annular or other
recess or recesses in the top of the body, and I prefer to place cork, wood, or other
non-conducting material between the metal and the porcelain or earthenware.
I also according to my Invention form the heater of a flat or oval section, thereby
enabling it to be readily pushed between the bars of an ordinary grate or fire-place,
and at the same time more quickly heated than heretofore.
I also in some cases form the body of the urn double, the inner body which is to
hold the water being made of metal, whilst the outer body is used for the purpose
of ornament, and at the same time acts to prevent the free radiation of heat from
the urn.
When making an urn with a porcelain body and metal base or stand, a new
body may be readily substituted for a broken one at comparatively small cost.
AN IMPROVED DRESS OR CURTAIN HOLDER
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Bagnall and Edwin Taylor at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th August 1876.
SAMUEL BAGNALL and EDWIN TAYLOR, both of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Engineers. "AN IMPROVED DRESS OR CURTAIN HOLDER."
The object of this Invention is, by the means herein-after explained, so to
construct a holder or suspender for dresses or curtains that the article to which the
said holder is applied may be either suspended or released without difficulty at
pleasure.
“
For the purposes of our Invention we provide a piece of metal wire of the
required length and size, and by twisting or winding the said piece of metal wire in
about its centre round a mandril we cause its two ends to have a normal tendency
to spring open or away from each other. We then bend one end of the said piece
of wire in such manner that when the two are pressed together the other end may
take behind it until released.
When it is desired to suspend a dress or curtain it is only necessary to place the
material upon the bent end of the wire, and the other end of the wire pressing
against the said bent end, the dress or curtain is securely held or suspended in any
desired position.
Through the circular opening caused by the bending of the wire in the making of
the spring, a ring or hook may be passed, by means of which our improved holder is
secured to the waist belt.
The advantages in our improved dress holder over those generally in use is that
unlike those the wire is not caused to go through the fabric to which it is applied,
but the material is upheld without the necessity for this, as herein-before explained,
and in just as secure a manner.
In adapting our Invention for the suspension of window curtains the means
employed are with some modifications of detail substantially similar.
The advantages herein-before explained in the application of our Invention to the
suspension of dresses is equally applicable here.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GLOVES OR COVERINGS FOR THE HANDS FOR PREVENTING INJURY TO THE PERSON WHILST SKATING ON SKATING RINKS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Langford Forster Potts at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st February 1876.
"
BENJAMIN LANGFORD FORSTER POTTS, of No. 174, Camberwell Grove, in the
County of Surrey. IMPROVEMENTS IN GLOVES OR COVERINGS FOR THE HANDS FOR
PREVENTING INJURY TO THE PERSON WHILST SKATING ON SKATING RINKS."
When skating on skating rinks persons in falling are apt to injure their hands and
wrists owing to the fact that the great friction caused by the surface of the floor
prevents the extended hands from sliding readily forward upon the floor together
with the body as they do on natural ice, and they are consequently frequently
doubled up under the wrists, causing sprains to the latter, and other injury.
Now my present Invention has for its object to provide means whereby the
friction between the hand and the surface of the floor shall be lessened, so as to
allow the hand to slip readily along the floor. For this purpose I attach to the
back of a glove and also if requisite to the tips of the fingers and palms smooth
pieces of metal, bone, ivory, tortoishell, ebonite, or other similar suitable material,
which when brought in contact with the floor will slip readily along the same. By
preference I make such pieces of metal or other material in the form of scales
overlapping each other, so as to protect the fingers and back of the hand while
allowing the fingers perfect freedom to bend. Or pieces of wire or cord covered
with wire or wire gauze may be employed, either wound round the fingers or
extending along the same in lieu of the pieces of metal or other material.
According to another modification I fix such pieces of metal on a piece of
leather or fabric formed to fit either over the back of the hand only, or both over
the back and palm, and secured to the tips of the tingers and to the wrists by loops
and straps or other fastenings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF GOLD AND SILVER PAINTS, BRONZE PAINTS, AND OTHER PAINTS OR COLOURS OR INKS USED IN PAINTING AND PRINTING
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Maximilian Zingler at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th June 1876.
MAXIMILIAN ZINGLER, of Buckland Terrace, Belsize Park, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF GOLD AND
SILVER PAINTS, BRONZE PAINTS, AND OTHER PAINTS OR COLOURS OR INKS USED
IN PAINTING AND PRINTING."
The object of my Invention is to print or paint on surfaces without the neces-
sity of disseminating the same by powder or leaf as is at present adopted, whereby
I am enabled to overcome the disadvantages at present urged against this process.
Also another object aimed at is the use of pigments or colours which are not sub-
ject to the fading or changing of colour which occurs where oil or spirit is employed,
and by which means the colour becomes more durable.
In carrying out my Invention I adopt mainly the following process:- Having
dissolved vegetable or animal albumen (i.e., egg albumen, or blocd albumen, or
blood cerum) in a sufficient quantity of water, in the proportion, say, of one or two
parts of water, or more, or having made a mucilage of any of the above albumina,
with drying or non-drying oils, or with any oleaginous matter, I incorporate any
of this liquid with, say, one part of bronze or gold leaves or pigment or other colours,
and work same up until thoroughly amalgamated; and in order to keep the
material thus worked up from putrefaction and drying up I add to it whilst
working it up as before a sinall quantity of an antiseptic, in preference Kingzett
and Zingler's patented antiseptic, as described in their Letters Patent, No. 274,
January 24th, A.D. 1876, and store it afterwards in suitable air-tight vessels.
In order to ensure perfect durability, and also protect the colours, it
sometimes desirable to coat them over with spirit or turpentine.
may
be
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TILES AND PANNELLING FOR COVERING AND DECORATING WALLS, CEILINGS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PLACES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Simpertus Klüh at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th December 1876.
SIMPERTUS KLÜH, of Basford, near Stoke-upon-Trent, in the County of Stafford.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TILES AND PANNELLING FOR COVERING
AND DECORATING WALLS, CEILINGS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PLACES."
The object of my present Invention is to produce tiles and pannelling susceptible
of easy ornamentation, and either waterproof or not, which object I attain thus:-
I make my improved tiles and pannelling either of pâpier maché, iron, or other
similar material or materials, but not earthenware, glass, or china.
My improved tiles and pannelling are formed or shaped by cutting, pressure, or
other similar means, and can be embossed or otherwise ornamented in high or low
relief, or the reverse. The tiles and pannelling thus made may be either simply
japanned, stained, printed, or painted in one or more colors, gilded wholly or in
part, and may be neatly or richly ornamented so as to suit every variety of tasto
and be adapted to any kind of apartments from the cottage to the palace.
The said tiles and pannelling may also be made of any shape or form, and of any
size from the smallest, suitable for mosaic or other minute and delicate work, to the
largest size that may be required.
When my improved tiles or pannelling are applied to the ceilings or walls of
rooms and the like they may be secured to the joists or other timbers by screws,
cement, or otherwise.
For making my improved tiles and pannelling waterproof when made of papier
maché or other soft or porous material I propose to introduce into such material or
materials or add at the back thereof any suitable damp-resisting material, such as
Portland or other similar cement, water lime, asphaltum, tar, resin, and the like.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR DAMPING PAPER IN CONNECTION WITH WEB PRINTING MACHINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Allan at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th October 1876.
GEORGE ALLAN, of Bradford, in the County of York, Printing Manager. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR DAMPING PAPER IN CONNECTION
WITH WEB PRINTING MACHINES."
The object of this Invention is to saturate or wet paper used by the web printing
machine by means of water as the paper is taken from the roll, such paper by this
process being turned out so thoroughly damped, or moistened, and so entirely cleared
of water on the surface as to render it available for immediate use at the printing
machine. The paper can either be thus fed direct from the moistening to the
printing process, or if necessary re-reeled at the same time it is being moistened,
and the roll afterwards attached to the printing machine.
I accomplish the above object in the following manner-From the paper roll I
pass the paper under a roller fixed in a trough nearly filled with water; immediately
over the trough, or in any other convenient position, I place two rollers travelling
in the direction of the paper, which are driven, by means of gearing, at the same
surface speed as the type cylinder; these rollers are composed of catachouc or any
other flexible material; these said rollers effectually impregnate the paper with
moisture, at the same time removing from the surface of the paper all surplus water,
returning the same to the trough above mentioned; by this improvement the paper
is rendered fit for immediate use, and can be fed direct to the type or damped
by the above method during the process of reeling.
A NEW AND IMPROVED DOUBLE-ACTION HOISTING ENGINE FOR RAISING COAL OR OTHER ARTICLES BY A DOUBLE-ACTION HOISTING ENGINE, WHEREBY ONE STROKE OF THE PISTON IN EITHER DIRECTION RAISES THE GOODS, WHILE THE DESCENDING EMPTY CAGE, TUB, OR OTHER RECEPTACLE ACTS AS A PARTIAL COUNTERBALANCE TO THE ASCENDING LOADED CAGE, TUB, OR OTHER RECEPTACLE, SO THAT IT IS ONLY NECESSARY TO EXERT A POWER SUFFICIENT TO RAISE THE NET WEIGHT OF THE GOODS REQUIRED TO BE LIFTED."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William March at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th September 1876.
WILLIAM MARCH, of 59, Mark Lane, in the City of London, Engineer. "A NEW AND
IMPROVED DOUBLE-ACTION HOISTING ENGINE FOR RAISING COAL OR OTHER ARTICLES
BY A DOUBLE-ACTION HOISTING ENGINE, WHEREBY ONE STROKE OF THE PISTON IN
EITHER DIRECTION RAISES THE GOODS, WHILE THE DESCENDING EMPTY CAGE, TUB,
OR OTHER RECEPTACLE ACTS AS A PARTIAL COUNTERBALANCE TO THE ASCENDING
LOADED CAGE, TUB, OR OTHER RECEPTACLE, SO THAT IT IS ONLY NECESSARY TO EXERT
A POWER SUFFICIENT TO RAISE THE NET WEIGHT OF THE GOODS REQUIRED TO BE
LIFTED."
A horizontal cylinder of the requisite diameter and length contains a piston with
a piston rod working through stuffing boxes at both ends of the cylinder. To each
end of this rod is fastened a short chain, which after being carried round a small
grooved pulley at the outer end of each pair of guide bars, is continued back to a
small barrel (supported on standards) above the cylinder, and in the middle of its
length. Upon the barrel shaft is keyed a large wheel, the periphery of which is 80
shaped as to grip the hoisting rope or chain which surrounds its lower half. Both
ends of this rope or chain after partly surrounding grooved pullies erected over the
pits or wells are fastened to the cages. As both the short chains attached to the
piston rods and barrel are wound on the latter in contrary directions, the weight of
the descending cage assists in moving the piston, barrel, and large wheel in the
direction required to raise the load. The barrel and large wheel are so proportioned
to each other that one stroke of the piston is sufficient to raise the goods to the
required height.
IMPROVEMENTS IN URINALS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jem Martin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st April 1876. A. communication from
abroad by Achille Muntz and Theodore Ramspacher, of 82, Boulevard St.
Marcel, Paris.
JEM MARTIN, of 10, Golden Square, W. "IMPROVEMENTS IN URINALS." A.
communication from abroad by Achille Müntz and Theodore Ramispacher, of
82, Boulevard St. Marcel, Paris.
The system of urinals which is the object of the present Patent is based on the
use of produce preventing exhalations, and on a peculiar shape of the basin allowing
the running off of urine whilst retaining the preservative substance.
Essential oils, petrol oil, tar, and all analogous produce from animal, mineral, or
vegetable origin which are lighter than urine, when in contact with this liquid
prevent in a more or less sensible degree the smell exhalated by urine when in a
state of putrefaction. This is the result of two principal causes. Firstly, the oily
couch forms a coating over the urine and thus prevents the spreading of the smell.
Secondly, the said substances possess properties called antiseptic and prevent or
delay putrefaction.
I apply these properties to urinals in adapting a disposition allowing the running
off of urine, while preventing the running off of the overfloating matter.
The apparatus usually called "Florentine recipients" answers this purpose with
more or less modifications.
The preservative couch will last almost indefinitely, and urine will run off
through the abductor tube.
This disposition completely doing away with water urine will be quite free from
any mixture, and can be collected by some means.
As to the process of extraction of the useful principles contained in urine which
is not mixed up with water I reserve the use of those I shall think convenient.
Thus I intend to secure the exclusive use of the above designated matters and
dispositions described to collect urines without mixture of water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by The Honourable Wyndham Edward
Campbell Stanhope at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
28th February 1876.
The Honourable WYNDHAM EDWARD CAMPBELL STANHOPE, of Charing Cross, in
the City of Westminster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES."
In carrying out my Invention of improvements in roller skates I construct the
skate by preference with two wheels or rollers, which are placed centrally and
longitudinally of the foot stand or stock. These wheels or rollers are mounted in
bearings in swinging frames which are pivotted at their outer ends to and swing
horizontally on vertical pivots, placed one at the toe and one at the heel of the foot-
stand or stock. The inner ends of these swinging frames are connected together
under the centre of the foot stand or stock by a link or other suitable joint which
will limit the swinging motion of the frames. When using this skate the skater
will, if he desires to run in a curve, say, to the right, bear on the right hand side of
the skate, which will cause the frames. to swing on their respective pivots and
throw their inner ends to the left, and vice versa, by which means the hind
wheel or roller will follow the curved course of the front wheel or roller.
In order to maintain the frames in their normal position, or to return them
thereto after they have been moved out of a straight line, I cause flat springs to
press on opposite sides of the joint which connects the frames together. These
springs are carried by two pairs of links, which are severally pivotted to their
respective frames. At the junction of the two frames are mounted one or more
antifriction rollers, which rollers bear against the under side of the foot stock or
stand, and form a movable support for the inner ends of the frames.
I prefer to use only two wheels or rollers, but it will be evident that four wheels
or rollers may be applied to my skate by increasing the length of the roller axles
and placing the wheels or rollers outside the swinging frames.
A NEW OR IMPROVED STOPPER FOR FLASKS AND BOTTLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Henry Stockwell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th March 1876.
EDWARD HENRY STOCKWELL, of No. 15, Greek Street, Soho Square, in the County
of Middlesex, Silversmith. "A NEW OR IMPROVED STOPPER FOR FLASKS AND
BOTTLES."
My Invention consists in the manufacture of a new or improved stopper for flasks
and bottles. For this purpose I employ two metal or other tubes, open at both
ends, and fitting easily one within the other. The outer tube is formed with an
annular chamber round its upper part, in which chamber is contained a spring of
any suitable material, and the lower end of this tube is fixed to the neck of the
flask or bottle by a screw, or in any other convenient manner. The inner tube has
at its lower end a washer or stopper fixed a short distance therefrom so as to leave
an opening for the passage of the fluid. At the upper end of the inner tube there
are fixed two or more pins which project through L shaped slots formed in the
upper part of the outer tube. The outer ends of these pins are fixed to a moveable
collar surrounding the outer tube. By pressing the above-mentioned collar in a
downward direction it imparts a similar motion to the inner tube, at the same time
depressing the spring in the annular chamber, thus causing the washer or stopper
to be removed from the lower end of the outer tube and leaving a passage for the
liquid. When the collar is pressed to its lowest position by turning the same in
one direction the pins are brought into the lower part of the L shaped slots, thus
keeping the passage for the liquid open.
When it is desired to close the passage the collar is turned in the reverse
direction, the pins are released, and the before-mentioned spring causes them to rise
and carry with them the inner tube with its washer or stopper, which being thus
brought against the lower end of the outer tube closes the same and shuts off the
passage for the liquid.
In another arrangement, in lieu of the stopper being fixed a short distance from
the end of the inner tube, it may be fixed close to the end of the same, and slots or
openings for the passage of the liquid made in the side of the said tube.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES, AND JARS, AND IN STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES AND JARS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Fleming and Edwin Standeven
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th March 1876.
HENRY FLEMING, Corn Dealer, and EDWIN STANDEVEN, Machine Maker, both of
Halifax, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES, AND JARS, AND IN
STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES AND JARS."
This Invention relates to improvements in bottles and jars, and to improvements
in the stoppers for closing and sealing bottles or jars.
Bottles and jars made according to this our Invention have within the neck and
on opposite sides thereof a shoulder or projection, and the mouth of the bottle
or jar is (by preference) made slightly concave for purpose herein-after explained.
The stopper which may be made of wood, glass, or metal, comprises a head and a
stem, the latter terminating in a lock piece. At the head end of the stem on a
shoulder or enlarged part thereof is a ring or washer of india-rubber, the other end
of the stem is terminated by an oblong lock piece. The stopper is applied and
secured as follows:-The lock piece and stem are passed into the neck of the bottle,
the lock piece being oblong admits its passing readily between the projections within
the neck of the bottle or jar, whereon the stem and lock piece are turned slightly to
the left or right, and the ends of the lock piece pass under the projections which
securely hold the stopper, and ensure the india-rubber ring or washer being firmly
nipped into the concave mouth of the bottle or jar.
A modification of this Invention is to omit a portion of the ordinary projecting
outside rim of the bottle's or jar's neck, in order to allow a cap (having lock piece
and internal india-rubber packing) to be passed over the mouth and portion of
the neck and being locked by turning to left or right as described.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF COFFEE TO PREPARE IT FOR THE MARKET
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Goundry at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th September 1876.
RICHARD GOUNDRY, of 181, Upper Thames Street, in the City of London. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF COFFEE TO PREPARE IT FOR THE MARKET."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the treatment of coffee to
prepare it for the market.
At the present time coffee is very generally sold in a ground state, as purchasers.
have not in many cases the appliances for grinding it themselves, and hence much
of the aroma of the coffee is lost before it is used. To avoid this and yet to reduce
the coffee to a state in which it may be infused without grinding whilst it will
keep for a considerable time without deterioration I submit the roasted coffee berry
to very heavy pressure in metal moulds, and so form it into blocks, say, about
an inch thick, and weighing, say, a quarter of a pound each. The coffee when
exposed to the extremely high pressure which is requisite excudes a liquid so that
the blocks are moist when they come out of the moulds. It is necessary to leave
the blocks for some time protected from the air in order that this moisture may be
reabsorbed. When this has taken place and the blocks have become quite dry they
are wrapped in tin foil to exclude the air and are papered for sale.
In some cases I mix powdered sugar with the coffee; it serves to give groater
tenacity and firmness to the block. Ground coffee may be treated in a similar
manner.
IMPROVED DOUBLE LIFT DOBBY FOR WEAVING
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Shorrock at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, on the 3rd January 1876.
WILLIAM SHORROCK,' of Preston, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVED DOUBLE
LIFT DOBBY FOR WEAVING."
On the 29th day of May 1875, I applied for Letters Patent for "Improvements
in Looms for Weaving" which in due course were granted. This was for an
improved dobby for weaving fancys, both stave and border work; in that Inven-
tion I had only arranged for a single lift, which altho' perfect in action and
suitable for some kinds of work is very quick in its motion, and possibly liable to
much wear and occasional breakage.
In my present Invention I use most of the several parts therein described, but
make a double lift by using double the number of slides or jacks with every
alternate hook of such jacks reversed, making the usual barrel and luggs pro-
portionately longer to supply the requirements.
Instead of using the side slide bar for giving motion to the knife and the sliding
fulcrum which carrys the catch finger for bringing the barrel down, I carry a
shaft across my frame over the centre of the jacks, on each outer end of
which I fix a double crank lever or its equivalent; to each outer end of these I
attach a short connecting rod; the other or lower end of which is pivoted by stud
to the ends of the knives.
There are two knives one in the front and one in the back of the machine, each
end of which work in suitable slides. The sliding fulcrum lever heel is secured by
pivot to one end of one of the knives; this sliding fulcrum carrys the finger of
catch wheel for working lagg barrel same as before-mentioned Patent. The spaced
wheel and spring are the same likewise. The two knives are made to work two
jacks for the same stave by means of a double hook or its equivalent. I use two
rows of pegs in my laggs instead of one as in my before-mentioned Patent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA- RATUS FOR GRINDING TWIST AND OTHER DRILLS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emil Baumgarten at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th July 1876.
EMIL BAUMGARTEN, of the Firm Burns, Baumgarten, and Company, of Glasgow,
in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA-
RATUS FOR GRINDING TWIST AND OTHER DRILLS."
This Invention relates to simple and improved apparatus to be attached to
machines for grinding tools by means of revolving emery wheels, stones, or the
like, to admit of twist and other drills being ground by means of such machines
in a convenient manner, but with the accuracy and proper disposition of the
ground surfaces required for the efficient action of such drills.
The details of the improved apparatus comprise a small frame, casting, or bracket
to be bolted on the grinding machine in place of the ordinary tool rest, and formed
with bearings to receive a pair of trunnions formed or fixed on a cylindrical or
otherwise suitably shaped box in which the drill is to be held. The trunnions
of the box are disposed at a suitable angle to the axis of the drill so as to present
the drill in a proper position to the grinding wheel, and it is an important peculiarity
of the apparatus that the axis of the trunnions is arranged at a slightly higher
level than that of the drill. The box is fitted with a bush having within it an
inner bush or tube, in which last the drill is held by means of a pinching screw or
otherwise. The inner bush or tube, which may be changed to suit drills of different
sizes, is capable of longitudinal adjustment in the box by means of a screw, and
both bushes can be turned half round for grinding the second face of the drill, and.
can be held in either of the two positions by a pin or bolt provided for the purpose.
The grinding wheel may be made to reciprocate in a direction parallel to its axis,
or the bracket or drill holder may have such a movement imparted to it by any
known mechanism applicable for that purpose.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SCISSORS, SHEARS, AND OTHER EDGE TOOLS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Walker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th May 1876.
HENRY WALKER, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Manager.
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SCISSORS, SHEARS, AND OTHER EDGE TOOLS."
My Invention relates to improved methods of manufacturing the blades of
scissors, shears, or other edge tools, by which methods such blades are made more
cheaply, accurately, and quickly than by the methods of forging them by hand, as
ordinarily used and practised.
I take a piece of steel or other suitable metal in the form of a sheet or bar of
the desired thickness, and I cut out from it a piece or blank approximating to the
shape of one of the finished blades of the scissors, but of uniform thickness, and
without any opening or eye in the handle. This I do by means of a screw or
"fly" press or stamping machine having a suitable punch or die which descends
upon another corresponding matrix or die, the sheet of steel being placed between
them. In this way the blade is finished at one blow to an extent only attained by
the ordinary process of hand forging after considerable time and labour. I then
take the blank as thus produced, and I place it into another "fly" press or stamp-
ing machine having dies so arranged that they cut out and form the eye or bow
upon the blade. The blade is then removed and placed into a third "fly" press or
stamping machine, the dies of which are so formed and arranged that they complete
the blade and bring it to its finished state, the whole processes of forming the
blade as described being completed in very much less time and more cheaply than
by the usual process of hand forging, whilst the blades manufactured by. my
improved process must unfailingly be exact duplicates of each other, and conse-
quently interchangeable. On the other, end, where the blades of scissors are
forged in the usual way by hand, each separate pair must of necessity be fitted
together, and if one blade proves to be imperfect its companion blade is valueless.
In the accompanying Drawing Figure 1 represents the blank formed in the first
press, Figure 2 the same after the eyo à has been formed in the second press, and
Figure 3 the same after it has been finished in the third press. If desired, in
[Price 4d1

page_text: order to save material, I sometimes first form the blade in the shape shewn in
Figure 4, the eye a being subsequently opened out.
"
The "fly'
presses or stamping machines described may be driven by hand,
steam, or other suitable power, or steam hammers may be used, and by the
interchanging of moveable dies any desired pattern of scissors or shears can be 5
readily produced.
A. NEW OR IMPROVED IRONING TABLE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Barr at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th November 1876. A communication from
abroad by Lewis Peter Lawrence, of Port Morris, in the County of Morris and
State of New Jersey, in the United States of America.
JOHN BARR, of Greenock, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain. "A. NEW
OR IMPROVED IRONING TABLE." A communication from abroad by Lewis Peter
Lawrence, of Port Morris, in the County of Morris and State of New Jersey, in the
United States of America.
This Invention, which relates to a new or improved ironing table, has for its
object to furnish an ironing table simple in construction and convenient in use, for
being readily attached to a window ledge or a table top, and which may be
compactly folded for storage or transportation.
The Invention consists in the combination of an ear, a pivoted bar, a sliding block,
a clamping screw, and a slotted plate with a board and hinged frame, and in the
combination of the plate and a pivoted spring latch with the end of the board and
with the flanged plate as herein-after set forth.
The board or top of the table is made of any convenient size and shape; the outer.
end of the board is supported by a frame, to the side edges of the upper end of
which are attached socket plates to receive the pivots of the ears attached to the
under side of the board, so as to hinge the frame to the board. To the frame near
its upper end are attached ears, to which is pivoted the end of a short bar, the other
end of which is pivoted to a grooved or T block which is provided with a clamping
screw, and slides in a slot in a plate attached to the under side of the board
directly over a longitudinal groove in the board. By this construction by loosening
the screw the frame may be folded up against the under side of the board, or adjusted
in a vertical or an inclined position as may be desired.
By adjusting the position of the frame the outer end of the board may be adjusted
at any desired height.
The lower side of the forward end of the board is rabbeted to fit upon a window
ledge or a table top, and to it at the shoulder of the rabbet is attached a plate. This

page_text: plate has ears formed upon it, to which is pivoted a latch. The latch is held forward
by, a spring placed in a recess beneath the plate. The latch is designed to catch
upon the flange of another plate attached to the under side of the window ledge or
table top, and which is designed to be made long, so that the ironing table may be
adjusted laterally as may be desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEEL OR ROLLER SKATES.
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Baker and William Baker
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th May 1876.
GEORGE BAKER, of Aldershot, in the County of Hants, and WILLIAM BAKER, of
Bishopsgate, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEEL OR ROLLER
SKATES.
This Invention has for its object improvements in skates, whereby we are enabled
by the construction of the skate to cause (when desired) by releasing the pressure
on one side thereof the wheels to describe any curve, and also (when the pressure on
same is equalized) the wheels are brought back to their original or straight
position.
The skate we prefer to construct mainly as follows:-To the foot board of the
skate (to which the wheels or rollers are attached in any suitable manner) on either
side of same are levers which present their surfaces flush or nearly so with the
foot board. These levers tako into notches or recesses formed on the carriage which
carries the axle. The levers are attached to the foot board on either side by screws
or pins passing through or into the side of the foot board. To said pins are attached
springs, cach spring pressing against the under side of the end of lever (which rises
flush with the foot board) and against a plate or suitable projection fixed to the
foot board.
The action of the skate is as follows:-The skater when travelling in a straight
position has his weight equalized on each of the levers. When he desires to describo
a curve pressure of the foot is released from one side of the skate, and this action
causes the levers thus relieved of pressure to rise, and by doing so the end of each
lever which presses into the notches or recesses allows the wheels or rollers to
assume their proper position to describe the said curve, the equalizing of the
pressure or the rising of the foot from the floor, bringing back the wheels or rollers
to the straight or normal position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO STOPPERING BOTTLES OR OTHER RECEPTACLES CONTAINING LIQUIDS WHETHER GASEOUS, AERATED, OR OTHERWISE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Howard Busby Fox at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th April 1876.
HOWARD BUSBY Fox, of Oxton, in' the County of Chester.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN AND APPLICABLE TO STOPPERING BOTTLES OR OTHER RECEPTACLES CONTAINING
LIQUIDS WHETHER GASEOUS, AERATED, OR OTHERWISE."
My Invention relates, firstly, to a stopper, which consists of a washer or cap, the
under side of which is lined with cork, india-rubber, or other suitable material. To
the top of the cap there is firmly secured a screwed shank, which takes into a
bridge piece or guard, which is jointed or hinged to the neck of the bottle by a
wire band or other suitable contrivance. The edge or rim of the washer or cap is
milled to facilitate turning. In application to close the bottle the bridge piece or
guard is brought over the mouth of the bottle and with it the cap.
The cap is
then screwed down until the bottle is stoppered. To open the bottle the cap is
unscrewed and the bridge guard canted over until the cap is clear of the bottle
mouth, after which the contents can be poured out.
My Invention consists, secondly, of a cap which is made to fit over the mouth of
the bottle and is held there by a wire or other like contrivance or a screwed washer,
or the cap may screw on to the bottle neck. A joint is made between the cap and
the bottle mouth or neck by an india-rubber washer, or by other known means.
To the top of the cap there is hinged a cover with a slightly concave inner surface,
provided with an india-rubber washer. The cover has a slot that fits over a button
or other like fastening to secure the cap on the cover and close the bottle.
My Invention consists, thirdly, in constructing bottles with a globe shaped
provision in the neck of such bottle. The stopper consists of a washer of india-rubber
or other suitable material fixed to the end of a curved arm, having a catch or notch,
in its centre and a stop at its outer end. The washer is inserted into the bottle
neck and is kept up against the mouth of the bottle by the curved arm being pulled
over until the notch or catch takes on to the rim of the mouth of the bottle.
pouring out the washer is thrown back by the curved arm into the globe in
the neck of the bottle. The contents of the bottle can then be poured out.
In
My Invention consists, fourthly, in constructing a stopper for internally closing
bottles of a pear shape, namely, having a large head and gradually tapering. This
Prins 21

page_text: stopper I partially cover with india-rubber, but previously I superweight the head
by inserting tin or other suitable material.
In stoppering bottles this stopper will always "tumble" or come head first into
the mouth of the bottle, and being covered with india-rubber cannot star or break
the bottles.