IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RIVETS, SCREWS, SPIKES, PINS AND NAILS, AND IN MACHINERY FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Frederic Dietz Monnin, of No. 26, Rue
Vendôme, in the City of Paris, France, Merchant, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RIVETS, SCREWS, SPIKES, PINS
AND NAILS, AND IN MACHINERY FOR THAT PURPOSE."-A communication.
Sealed the 15th October 1858, and dated the 25th May 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Frederic Dietz
Monnin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 25th May 1858.
I, CHARLES FREDERIC DIETZ MONNIN, of No. 26, Rue Vendôme, in the
City of Paris, France, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RIVETS, SCREWS, SPIKES,
PINS AND NAILS, AND IN MACHINERY FOR THAT PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to modes of and machinery for raising or stamping
the heads of rivets, screws, spikes, pins, and nails, for turning and nicking the
beads of screws, and for threading or worming screws, and also for intro-
ducing, feeding, transporting, and removing the screws or blanks into or from,
one part to another of machines adapted for such purposes. In raising tho
heads of screws and rivets and similar articles by compression, especially when
the heads are of hemispherical form, the metal is apt to be cracked and split,
and the heads rendered imperfect or spoiled. I obviate this defect by raising
the head at two or more operations. Thus, the first die or punch may be
A

page_text: made to "upset" or squeeze the metal so as to form an enlargement at or near
the end of the piece of wire or rod employed, and a second die then squeezes
the end of the wire and the culargement into the form required for the head.
I construct a machine for this purpose with four steel blocks, arranged in a
square, and having corresponding semi-cylindrical or other grooves in their
adjoining sides, so as to form four dies for the reception of the wire. These
dies are mounted in a block, which is turned round one quarter of a revo-
lution at regular intervals, by which means the wire is cut off and presented to
the successive heading punches, which raise the head to the required form.
The number of dies and punches may be varied. The operation of raising the
head at two or more operations may be effected by various other means.
Thus, instead of the revolving dies, each of which passes in succession in front
of each punch, each die may always act with the same punch (there being a
separate punch for each die), and the wire or blank may be removed by fingers
or self-acting pincers, or otherwise, from one die to another, and may be
guided into the dic or dies by countersunk guides or funnels interposed at the
proper moments by the action of the machine itself.
A moveable stop
serves to regulate or gauge the length of wire introduced by the feeding
rollers or apparatus. In some cases it may be desirable to anneal the
blanks after the first heading operation, and they must then, of course, be
removed from the heading machine, and again fed or supplied to it, or to a
similar machine, to complete the heading. For this purpose I place the
partially headed blanks in a revolving dish, into which an inclined fork dips
at intervals. The motion of the dish pushes some of the blanks into the fork;
the blanks with their heads downwards fall out, but those with their heads
upwards are lifted by the fork, which rises until the blanks slide from it into a
channel between two inclined fixed bars or blades, down which they slide to the
apparatus by which they are to be placed in the machine for completing the
healing. There is a contrivance for stopping the action of this fork whenever
the channel becomes quite full of blanks. In lieu of raising the fork up and
down, it may be fixed, and the dish may carry some pins, which push the
blanks up the inclined fork, from which they pass to the descending channel,
as before. The aforesaid channel conducts the blanks down until the fore-
most one rests in a notch in a curved or segmental plate, which turns upon a
pin, and closes the end of the channel formed by the two bars. This curved
plate is moved laterally by a cam, and thus carries away or separates the
foremost blank, which is then seized by a pair of fingers or pincers, which
descend a little for that purpose, and then rise again, carrying the blank with
them; the curved plate then returns to its first position to receive another

page_text: blank, and the fingers descend with the blank and insert its end in the die,
into which it is pushed by a rod or pusher, and the fingers then return to-
their former position. These fingers are driven by a lever acted on by two
concentric cams revolving at different velocities,' and placed one within the
other, or side by side. The one cam revolves slowly, so as to make one
revolution during one complete operation of the machine. This cam has a
little depression at one part, to allow of the fingers descending to take the
blank from the curved plate, and it is cut away at another part, so as to allow
the lever to descend upon the quick moving cam which governs the action of
the fingers in placing the blank in the jaws of the mandril, and again rising to
their original position. By this arrangement a rapid motion is obtained for
placing the blank in the machine, and the fingers are then kept out of the
way by the slow moving cam until the next blank has to be introduced.
Another mode of effecting the heading operation, consists in dividing the dies
into two parts or sets, back and front, and causing the wire to be held by tho
back. dies, while the front dies open and shift sideways or transversely, and
again close. The back dies then open, and the front dies move back again,
carrying the wire or wires with them, and thus transferring it from one groove
to another of the back dies, and so on; or the transverse motion may be
given to the back dies, or to both front and back dies. The pieces of wire are
thus transferred and successively brought opposite to and acted upon by the
successive punches, and finally delivered out of the machine completely headed.
I construct a machine in which these dies are pressed together by wedges and
toggle joints worked by cams, and are shifted laterally by other cams, the
heading punches being driven up by other cams, or a crank or eccentric.
Another arrangement consists in moving the punches by a shifting bar, or
otherwise, so as to bring two or more punches of different forms to act in
succession upon the head or end of the wire while the die remains stationary.
The various motions in the machines are given by cams, toggle joints, cranks,
levers, wedges, and springs, and similar mechanical means. It will be obvious
that the thickness of the wires or rods, and the lengths which are cut off, and
the size and shape of the heads; may be varied according to the purposes for
which they are required, the dies being varied accordingly. Pieces of wire or
rod thus beaded are ready for use as rivets. If pointed spikes, pins, or nails
are required, their ends are to be pointed by any of the known means or apparatus
for that purpose.
When screws are to be made, the headed wires or blanks
are submitted to the following operations:-The machine for nicking and
turning has a central shaft, which carries two similar parallel mandrils
furnished with holding jaws for holding the blanks; one of these mandrils is mado

page_text: to revolve while a tool advances and turns the head of the blank. The central
shaft is then turned half round; and the mandril then ceases to revolve, and presents
the head of the screw to a circular saw or cutter, which cuts the nick in the head
of the screw. The central shaft which carries the two mandrils is turned round
half a revolution at the proper times by means of a pin on a revolving wheel, which
enters a peculiar double angular fork or cross on the axis of the central shaft.
This cross has four slots or grooves, connected in pairs by two turning pieces
somewhat similar to the plug of a cock, and which are moved by means of a cam.
'These plugs are so arranged that when the pin has reached the end of one
slot or groove it is directed by the plug into the other groove, from which it
passes out in continuing its motion; the cross and the central shaft are thus
turned half round, and their motion" commences very gradually, and then
rapidly accelerates, and then again diminishes gradually until it ceases; a
motion both rapid and without 'shock is thus obtained., The details of this
apparatus admit of some variation, and it may be employed whenever an
intermittent or periodical semi-revolution is required. The jaws of the
mandrils may be constructed in any known manner, or as herein-after
mentioned with regard to the threading or worming machine. The threading
machine is supplied with the turned and nicked blanks by means of the
inclined channel and feeding fingers, as described for the heading machine.
The jaws of the mandril are forced together by a wedge between the tails of
their levers; this wedge is drawn in by a spring within the mandril, and is
pushed out by a cam acting on a rod, passing out at the hinder end of the
mandril. There is thus no necessity for maintaining an end pressure on the
mandril while the screw is being threaded or turned. The working tools are
pieces of steel of a straight or segmental form, and they are accurately planed
or turned and finished throughout their length to the proper sectional form of
the tool. Tlic end is ground in a machine, in which it is traversed by a screw
or otherwise across the face of the stone or grinder, and held at the proper
angle, so that by merely putting it into the threading machine with its upper
surface in contact with a stop, it is at once fitted to its proper position. The
form of the tool, and consequently of the thread cut by it, is thus very accurately
preserved. Instead of picking up the blank by the fingers berein-before
mentioned, it may be transferred to the mandril by causing the mandril itself
to advance to the channel which conducts the blanks to it, or by causing the
channel or part of it to advance to the mandril. The channel may also be
supplied by means of an endless chain, carrying hooks and passing up through
a hopper containing the blanks; the blanks are carried up till they meet an
inclined projection, which pushes them off the hooks on to the aforesaid

page_text: inclined channel. The finished screws may drop out of the machine when
released by the jaws of the mandril, or they may be removed by a picker
consisting of a pair of fingers actuated by a cam and jointed lever and springs
somewhat similar to the fingers used to introduce the blanks. These fingers
are opened by means of a pin or stop and drop the screws into a pan or
channel placed to receive them. This picker may also be combined with the
feeding fingers and mounted on the same lever and a moveable plate, or the
curved plate herein-before mentioned may also be combined with them. The-
feeding fingers may be placed in the moveable or curved plate so as to receive
the blank while the picker (also mounted on the moveable or curved plate)
removes the finished screw. A lateral movement then brings the feed fingers
opposite to the mandril, in which they insert the new blank. The pickers may,
when required, be applied to the heading or other machines as well as to the
threading machines.
The machinery is applicable to the manufacture of "wood screws," or
screws to be screwed into wood, and also to the manufacture of screws to bo
screwed into metal. For these latter screws I prefer to advance the tool by
means of a spring, and to regulate its advance, and also to withdraw it by
means of a cam, or wedge, or positive motion, and I apply an adjustable stop
or screw to prevent the tool from advancing too far. The tool may be a
chaser or tool with several teeth, or a single tool.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Frederic Dietz Monnin in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 23rd November 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
FREDERIC DIETZ MONNIN, of No. 26, Rue Vendôme, in the City of Paris,
France, Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Iler Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Charles Frederic Dietz Monnin, Her special licence that
I, the said Charles Frederic Dietz Monnin, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles Frederic Dietz Monnin,
my exccutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein

page_text: expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RIVETS,
SCREWS, SPIKES, PINS, AND NAILS, AND IN MACHINERY FOR THAT PURPOSE," con-
municated to me from abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Charles Frederic Dietz Monnin, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and scals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Frederic Dietz Monnin,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner tho
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thercof, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say:-
The Invention relates to modes of and machinery for raising or stamping
the heads of rivets, screws, spikes, pins, and nails, for turning and nicking the
heads of screws, and for threading or worming screws; and also for intro-
ducing, feeding, transporting, and removing the screws or blanks into or from
one part to another of machines adapted for such purposes.
In raising the heads of screws and rivets and similar articles by compression,
especially when the heads are of hemispherical form, the metal is apt to bo
cracked and split, and the heads rendered imperfect or spoiled. I obviato
this defect by raising the head at two or more operations. Thus, a piece of
wire of the form shewn in Figure 1, Sheet I., may be "upset" or squeezed
by the first dic, so as to form an enlargement at or near the end, as shewn
in Figure 2, and a second die then squeezes the end of the wire and the
enlargement into the form of the complete head, as shewn in Figure 3.
I construct a machine for this purpose with four steel blocks arranged in a
square, and having corresponding semi-cylindrical or other grooves in their
adjoining sides, so as to form four dies for the reception of the wire. Figure 4
is a longitudinal section, and Figure 5 is a transverse section, of this arrange-
ment. L, L, L, L, are the four square steel blocks, arranged in a square form
in the centre of a bevil wheel J, which is capable of revolving in front of a
steel block or anvil G, fixed in the frame K of the machine; II is a steel
tube or bush, fixed in the block or anvil G, and adapted to the size of the
wire C, which is to be made into screw blanks; this bush can be replaced by
others with holes of different diameters for operating on different sized wires.

page_text: The blocks L, L, L, L, have semi-cylindrical grooves, which meet to form four
cavities or dies M', M, N, N. The other sides of the blocks I, L. L, L,
are also furnished with grooves of the same or different diameters, which may
be brought into use when the others are worn out, or wben wires of different
diameters are to be employed. The requisite length of the wire C is advanced
by any suitable feeding apparatus into the lower opening or die M'; the
wheel J is then turned one quarter of a revolution, by which a piece of the wire,
similar to that shewn in Figure 1, is cut off, and brought to the position N',
where it receives the action of the first punch, which compresses its end to
the form shown in Figure 2. The wheel J is then turned another quarter of
a revolution, shearing off a second length of wire at the lower position, and
carrying it to the first heading punch, while the first piece arrives at tho
highest position M. The next quarter of a revolution shears off a third pieco
of wire, and takes it to the position N', to receive a first heading, while the
second piece of wire arrives at M³, and the first piece arrives at N, where it
receives the second and final heading from the second heading punch. Another
quarter revolution shears off a fourth piece of wire, and advances all the others,
bringing the first wire, which is now a headed screw blank, to the position M'.
The wire C, in advancing, pushes the screw blank out, and occupies its place.
The next quarter revolution of the wheel J shears off a fifth piece of wire, and
so on. The two heading punches are fixed to the same bar or moving part,
so that at each stroke of the punch bar one piece of wire is cut off, another
receives its first heading, another receives its second heading, and another
finished blank drops out or is delivered by the machine.
During the heading operation the piece of wire abuts against the steel block
or anvil G, and is also held by the blocks or dies L, L, which are pressed
together for that purpose by means of studs b, b; d, d, are small wedges,
which are employed for separating the blocks a little in the upper and lower
positions. The boss of the wheel J turns in a socket, which is wide enough
at the sides to allow the blocks L, L, to separate a little when the top and
bottom wedges d are pressed in. The upper part of the socket is a littlo
smaller, so as to press in the studs b, b, and thus advance the two upper
blocks L, L, towards the lower ones. A sliding stud, with a strong spring
above it, is placed in the centre of the upper part of the socket; as the
rounded end of the wedge d passes under this stud, the wedge is pressed in
so as to force the blocks L apart sideways; at the same time a moveable
block, with a similar sliding stud and spring, is forced up from below by a
toggle joint or otherwise. The effect of this is, first, to force in the wedge d
between the two lower dies, and then to press the studs b, b, against the two

page_text: lower dies, and thus to force them up into contact with the upper dies; the
lateral wedges & and studs are thus pushed outwards, and the parts brought
into the position shewn in Figure 5. The heading punches now advance,
and effect the heading; as they retire, the aforesaid moveable block descends,
and the wheel J then turns one quarter of a revolution, and the moveable
block ascends again. Thus the blocks or dies L, L, are always opened a
little at the upper and lower positions, and are pressed together at each of the
lateral positions. The wire or blank is thus firmly held by the dies, and its
end rests or abuts against the anvil G while the successive heading operations
are effected.
The operation of raising the head at two or more operations may be effected
by certain other means. Thus, instead of the revolving dies, each of which
passes in succession in front of each punch, each die may always act with the
same punch (there being a separate punch for each dic), and the wire or
blank may be removed by self-acting pincers or otherwise from one die to
another, and may be guided into the die or dies by countersunk guides or
funnels interposed at the proper moments by the action of the machine itself.
Figure 6, Sheet II., is a transverse section of a machine constructed in this
manner; Figure 7 is a longitudinal section, and Figure 8 is a horizontal
section of the same; Figures 9 and 10 shew some of the details of the
machine. The same letters refer to similar parts in each of these Figures.
A, A, is a strong cast-iron frame, with a strong upright or head B attached
to the frame A, or cast with it; the frame A also carries bearings C, for the
main shaft D, which is driven by a band or otherwise, and carries the cams
for communicating motion to the different parts. E, E, are the dies, which
are mounted on sliding blocks or carriers F, F, sliding vertically in gun metal
guides in the head B, and secured in their places by cross bars N, N. The
lower die carrier F is supported and worked up and down by a toggle joint G.
Two adjustable connecting rods K are connected at one end to the toggle
joint G, and are supported at the other end by links L, L, and are actuated
ly cams M on the shaft D, with which they are kept in contact by springs,
not shown in the Drawing. The upper die carrier F is pressed downwards
by a spring II, acting against a stop I, fixed in the head B; the dies are thus
always pressed together by the spring II. When, however, they are forced
up to the top of their course, the upper die carrier F comes in contact with a
strong screw J, which forms a stop, and can be adjusted when required.
Another screw J serves to adjust the stop of the toggle joint; the dies are
as very strongly pressed together at the top of their course. The dies have
wo holes side by side.

page_text: For convenience of adjustment, an iron block O with a shoulder is inserted
in the head B, and secured by a nut at the back. In this block is inserted a steel
tube P, which forms a guide for the wire, and also a small steel block or anvil Q,
which receives the pressure of the end of the wire while it is being headed.
When the die carriers F are at the bottom of their course, the holes of the
dies are level with the tube P, the right-hand hole in Figure 9 being exactly:
opposite the end of the tube P. When the die carriers and dies are at the
top of their course, the holes of the dies are level with the block or anvil Q
and punch R. The punch R has two cavities or surfaces, one of which effects.
the first heading operation with the first or right-hand hole of the dies, while
the other completes the heading operation with the other hole of the dics.
The holes in the dies may also be of different forms, according to the shape of
head required, and three or more holes and punches may be used, if desired..
The punch is mounted in a punch carrier S sliding, in a socket or guide T in
the frame, and worked by a toggle joint U and a cam V on the main shaft D.
The other end of the punch carrier S may also work in a guide, but as its.
motion is very slight, it is sufficient to support it by links or levers W
oscillating upon and with an axis X, which carries another lever X with a.
weight X², which draws back the punch carrier when the toggle joint U bends
down. The abutment or stop of the toggle joint is adjusted by a screw or
otherwise. The wire Y is fed into the machine by rollers or pulleys Z, between
which the wire is pressed or held. One of these rollers carries a ratchet
wheel a, which is driven by a paul 6 on an oscillating lever c, which is con-
nected by a rod f to another lever d suspended to a fixed point, and actuated
by a came on the main shaft D. The levers c and d are slotted to allow of
the adjustment of the ends of the rod f, so as to vary the quantity of wire fed
into the machine. The wire passes through the tube P, and enters the right-
hand hole of the dies when they are at the bottom of their course. The wire
strikes against a stop, which is very accurately adjusted by means of a screw h
and an endless screw 9; the dies then ascend and shear off the length of wire,
and when they arrive at the top of their course, they firmly hold the wire with
its end resting against the block Q, while the first part of the heading punch
effects the first beading operation. The dies then descend, and the partially
headed blank is pushed out of the die by the advance of the fresh wire, and is
seized by a pair of pincers actuated in the following manner:-The shaft D
carries a cam i, shewn in Figures 8 and 10, which at the required moments.
raises a lever j fixed upon an axis k. This axis carries another lever 1, ter-
minating in a small cup or socket m, and connected by a spring n to another
lever o on a longitudinal axis p. The lever o is also provided with a cup or

page_text: P
socket 7, and a pin or rod r with rounded ends is lodged in these two cups,
with which it forms ball and socket joints. The rod r thus keeps the two
levers at the proper distance apart, and the spring n keeps them in contact
with the rod 2. The motion of the lever is thus communicated to the lever o.
The axis is supported by arms or brackets N¹, and carries a lever s, to which
is jointed a pair of pincers u; the joint is somewhat similar to a rule joint,
being capable of bending to the left, as shewn in Figure 6, but is only capable
of motion towards the right hand to the extent of coming in a line with the
levers, its further motion being arrested by a projection on the pincers
coming in contact with a projection or stop w on the lever s.
t is a spring,
which draws the pincers towards the right hand, and keeps them in contact
with an inclined plano or stop æ, when they are in the position shewn in
Figure 6. When the lever s moves from right to left, the first motion of the
pincers is an ascending motion, as they remain pressed against the inclined
planea by the spring t until the projection v comes in contact with the stop w.
The pincers then participate in the movement of the lever s, and are carried
over from right to left. This motion serves to transfer the blank from one
hole of the dies to the other after it has received the first heading operation,
as herein-after described.
When the head of the screw is flat underneath, as in screws with hemi-
spherical heads, the hole in the die cannot be countersunk, and it becomes
necessary to adopt some means of guiding the blank into the hole. For this
purpose, a divided funnel or pair of pincers with a funnel-shaped or counter-
sunk hole y, as shewn in Figures 6 and 9, is momentarily placed before the
hole in the dies, and the blank is pushed through these pincers, which are
withdrawn when the end of the blank has entered the dies. The pincers y are
mounted on a lever 3, turning on a spindle or pin A' and carrying another
lever B with an adjusting screw C¹, which is pressed by a spring against a
cam D on the spindle p. The main shaft D carries another cam E', which
acts against a roller on a lever F' suspended from a fixed point on the frame,
and connected by a rod G¹ to a lever H¹ on a spindle I' at the end of the
machine. This spindle carries another lever J, the upper end of which is
forked or divided into two branches, one of which is jointed to a rod K', and
the other to another rod L. The rod K slides in a hole in the block O
opposite to the second or left hole of the dies when they are in
position, and serves to drive out the blank after the last heading.
passes through the head B, and is connected to a rod M sliding in guides or
brackets N¹, and carrying an arm O', which serves to push the blank into the
second hole of the dies when the pincers u present it.
their lowest
The rod L'

page_text: The action of the machine is as follows:--In commencing, the machine is
supposed to be empty, with the toggle joints U and G bent, with the dies at the
bottom of their course, and the punch at the end of its course farthest from
the dies. The pincers u are at the extreme right of their course, and the
pincers y at the extreme left of their course. The feeding apparatus causes
the iron wire to advance through the tube P and the right hole of the dies
until it comes in contact with the stop. The toggle joint G is then
straightened, and the dies are thus raised, cutting off the piece of wire con-
tained in them. When the dies reach the top of their course, they forcibly
press or grip the wire, which is now opposite the steel block or anvil Q. The
punch R is then advanced by straightening the toggle joint U, and effects the
first beading operation on the wire while it is held by the dies with its end
abutting against the anvil Q..
against the
is being pushed out.
The punch then retires and the dies descend. The wire being again fed
into the machine pushes out the blank which has received its first heading;
at the same time the spindle p begins to move, causing the arms to oscillate
from right to left. The pincers u, being drawn by the spring
inclined plane x, ascend and seize the blank while it
When the projection v meets the stop w, the pincers
left, and present the blank to the left hole of the dies.
is being fed in advances until it strikes its stop, which gauges the proper
length of wire for the next blank. This stop moves out of the way while the
blank is being pushed out of the first hole, and returns as the blank is carried
away.
are carried over to the
The fresh wire which
During this motion of the pincers w, the pincers y have advanced in front of
the left hole so as to be ready to guide the blank in. The pusher O¹ pushes
the blank into the bole, and as it passes in, the pincers and y retire, and
opening of themselves abandon the blank; the dies then rise by the action of
the toggle joint G, and cut off the new length of wire. The punch R then
advances and effects the first heading on the new length of wire, and the
second heading on the blank in the left hole of the dies. During this operation
the ends of the new wire and of the partially headed blank rest and abut
against the anvil Q; the punch then retires and the dies again descend. Tho
rod K then pushes the finished blank out of the left hole of the dies, at
the same time that the feeding apparatus pushes the blank out of the
right hole of the dies into the pincers u. The motions then recommence as
before.
In some cases it may be desirable to anneal the blanks after the first
heading operation, and they must then, of course, be removed from the

page_text: heading machine and again ted or supplied to it or to a similar machine to
complete the heading. !་
Figure 11, Sheet I., is a side view, and Figure 12 is a plan, of a feeding
apparatus for supplying the annealed blanks to the machine, and which is
also applicable for supplying blanks to the threading and other machines.
Figure 13 is a front view of the apparatus; Figure 14 is a vertical section of
the same. L is a circular revolving dish mounted on a vertical shaft Q. The
blanks are thrown into this dish. M is a fork or lifter formed of two parallel
bars slightly curved at the end, and mounted on an axis at V. This fork
descends and rests upon the bottom of the dish L. As the dish revolves some
of the blanks enter between the bars of the fork, and are pushed up it; the
fork is then raised, and any of the blanks which have their heads downward
drop out of the fork, while those blanks which have their heads upward
remain in the fork with their heads resting on it, and slide down the fork into
a channel or fountain N, formed of two parallel bars. The lower part of the
fountain is curved, and a bar W is fixed in proximity to it, to confine the
heads of the blanks. A short bar or blade Y is fixed above the upper part of
the fountain N. The blanks slide down into the fountain until it is quite full.
They cannot then slide off the fork M, and as the fork begins to descend, one.
or more of the blanks is brought in contact with the bar Y, and the farther
descent of the fork is thus prevented. The fork is raised and lowered in the
following manner :-The shaft Q is hollow, and is traversed by a rod R, which
carries an arm U connected to a short lever on the axis V of the fork. The
lower end of the rod R rests upon a cam S, which raises the fork and allows
it to descend by its own weight, assisted by that of the rod R. and arm U.
In this way the fountain N is kept constantly full of blanks.
moveable fork M, a fixed fork or inclined channel may be used.
part of the channel is then curved or made concentric with the
dish, which carries one or more vertical pins, which push the blanks up the
incline as the dish revolves. The blanks are removed one by one from the
lower end of the fountain in the following manner :-X is a curved plate,
which closes the lower end of the fountain, and is attached to an arm Z,
turning upon an axis a, and carrying a lever b, connected by a rod c to a
lever d; the lever d is mounted on a tube c, turning loose upon a spindle f
and carrying another lever which is drawn down by a spring, and the end of
which rests upon a cam. When the depression of this cam arrives at the end
of the lever, that lever descends and allows the curved plate X to turn upon
its axis a.. The part of the plate X which is under the end of the fountain has
a groove which is large enough to receive one blank. When the plate turns
Instead of the
The lower
axis of the

page_text: on the axis a, the groove with the blank in it is carried away from under the
end of the fountain N. The blanks in the fountain are prevented from
descending by the plain part of the curved plate which closes the end of the
fountain, the curvature of the plate being concentric with the axis a. Tho
blank having been removed from the plate as herein-after described, the plate
is again returned to its first position by the action of its cam; another
blank then drops into the groove, and is ready to be removed in the same
manner.
The motion of the curved plate X carries the blank under a pair of fingers
or pincers k, pressed together by springs, and mounted on a lever m, which is
fixed to the shaft or spindle f. These fingers descend into a recess in tho
plate X, yielding and opening as they pass the blank, and then closing upon it
by the action of their springs. The fingers then rise again with the blank, and
the curved plate X then returns to its former position; the fingers then
descend and carry the blank to the required place. Thus they hold it opposite
to the hole of the dies of the heading machine, into which it is pushed by a
rod either directly or through funnel-shaped pincers, as berein-before described.
When it is fairly entered in the dies, the pincers & ascend, opening and
abandoning the blank.
The up and down motion of the fingers and lever m is given by means of a
lever fixed on the shaft f, and drawn down by a spring, and the end of which
lever rests upon a cam. This cam has one slight depression, which gives tho
slight motion necessary for picking up the blank, and has another much
deeper depression which gives the motion for carrying the blank down to
the dies.
I apply this feeling apparatus to other machines, such as the nicking,
turning, and threading machines.
In some cases, as, for example, in the
threading machines, the operation of threading occupies a much longer time
than that required for introducing the blank. The cam for moving the
fingers k, would therefore require to be inconveniently large, with the greater
portion of it concentric with the axis. In lieu of employing a single large
cam, I employ two cams on the same axis acting upon the end of the same
lever, but revolving at different velocities, one of the cams being fixed on the
shaft, and the other turning loose upon it. Figure 15, Sheet IV., is a view of
this arrangement; the outer cam A revolves once, while the inner cam B
revolves two, three, or more times. The outer cam A is merely a ring with a
part notched out or removed, and the edges of the opening bevilled. It has
also a small depression at æ, which gives the slight motion to the pincers for
picking up the blauk from the curved plate X. When the first edge of the

page_text: opening in the ring A arrives under the end of the lever n, this lever descends
upon the quick moving can B, which gives the downward motion with a short
pause at the bottom, and then raises the lever before the last edge of the
opening in the outer ring reaches the lever. This bevilled edge completes the
motion of the lever », which is then kept up until the opening in the outer or
slow moving cam again comes round. Thus the inner cam may make several
revolutions without effecting the lever n, and is only allowed to act upon it
when the outer slow moving cam permits the lever to descend upon it. By
this means the blank is quickly inserted in the machine, and the feeding
fingers are kept out of the way, and pick up another blank while the first is
being screwed or threaded; at the same time from the two cams being con-
centric and acting on the same part of the lever, the motion is given with
precision. The two cams A and B may be placed side by side, with their axes
in the same line as shewn in Figure 33, Sheet IV., and the end of the lever
may be made wide enough to rest upon both cams, but I consider the first
arrangement to be preferable. I sometimes employ other arrangements or
modifications of feeding apparatus, as herein-after described.
Another mode of effecting the heading operation consists in dividing the
dies into two parts or sets, back and front, and causing the wire to be held by
the back dies, while the front dies open and shift sideways or transversely and
again close. Figures 16, 17, 18, and 19, Sheet III., shew the dies in different
positions. The front dies have three holes, and the back dies have four holes.
In Figure 16 the front dies are closed and the back dies are open. In the
right-hand hole of the front dies is a blank which has received its first heading.
In the central hole is a blank which has received a second heading, and in the
left-hand hole is a blank which has received a third or final heading. The
back dies are separated or opened to allow a fresh length of wire to be fed
into their right-hand hole. The back dies now close and grasp the fresh wire,
and also the three blanks, while the front dies open and abandon the three
blanks; the dies are then in the position shewn in Figure 17. The front dies
then move towards the right, and then closo in the position shown in Figure
18; both dies now move towards the left, shearing off the fresh length of wire
and carrying it with them. The heading punch is then brought into action,
producing the first heading on the now length of wire, and the second heading
on the blank in the next hole, and the final heading on the blank in the left
hole; the blank which had received its final heading at the previous operation
of the punch is now in the fourth or extreme left hole of the back dies. Tho
back dies now open, as in Figure 19, and return toward the right, as in
Figure 16, and the last-mentioned finished blank in their fourth hole drops

page_text: out of the dies; the back dies close again, and the various motions are again
repeated in the same order. Thus at each cycle of the motions a fresh picco
of wire enters, three pieces receive their first, second, and third headings
respectively, and a finished blank is discharged from the dies. The detail of
the movements may be varied somewhat, and the number of holes and heading
operations may be varied. Thus the front dies may be made to open and
close without having any lateral motion, and the lateral motion may be given
to the back dies; or the lateral motion may be given to the front dies only,
and the wire may be cut off by other means, as herein-after described. The
dies may also act horizontally or vertically, or otherwise.
three cavities of different forms for
The number of cavities or punches
may vary. S is the punch carrier
Figure 20, Sheet III., is a longitudinal section of a machine constructed
and acting with front and back dies in the aforesaid manner :-Figure 21 is
a transverse section of the same, showing the face of the dies and the
machinery for moving them. Figure 22 is a plan or horizontal section of the
same. A is the frame, and B is the head attached to, or forming one piece
with it; D is the main shaft, supported in bearings C; O is an iron block
inserted in the head B; P is a tube which guides the wire into the machine;
Qis a steel block or anvil which supports the thrust of the heading operations;
R is the heading punch, which has
commencing and completing the head.
and the number of holes in the dies
working in the guide T, and actuated by the toggle joint U and cam V. All
these parts and the feeding apparatus are very similar to those in the heading
machine, herein-before described. A fixed or moveable stop may be used to
regulate the length of the wire fed in; E, E, are the front dies, and E' the back
dics. Each pair of dies is pressed together in a vertical direction by move-
able wedges F and F, moving laterally between fixed wedges I and J, fixed
on the head B. The two wedges of each pair are separated from one another
by springs II, which press them apart when the wedges recede, but which
yield when the wedges advance. Each die has two grooves, into which enter
two bands or strips of sheet iron a, a, bent at right angles, and attached to the
corresponding wedge For F¹. Thus the dies rise and fall with the wedges,
but do not participate in their longitudinal or lateral motion. The separation
of the dies may, however, be produced by other means, and it is not essential
that they should be connected to the wedges.
In this machine the back dies merely open and shut, and have no motion
for cutting off the wire. The wire is cut by means of a sliding block of
tempered steel G, which is perforated with a hole through which the wire
passes, and which, in moving behind the back dies E', forms with them a pair

page_text: of shears. The block G receives a vertical motion from a rod K resting on a
lever L, which turns on a fulcrum or bearing at M, and the other end of which
is actuated by a cam N on the shaft D. The block G is pressed down by a
spring X. The end of the tube P is hemispherical or semi-cylindrical, and fits
in a corresponding cavity in the block G, which it follows in its course, which
is very short.
The hole in the block O is made large enough to allow of the
motion of the tube P, the outer end of which is carried by trunnions supported
by the bracket W. The wedges F and F are actuated by toggle joints, con-
sisting of a vertical piece Y, which receives the ends of the pieces or bars Z
which abut against the wedges on the one hand, and against fixed points on
the head B on the other hand. When the pieces Y are raised, the wedges are
driven forward, and the dies are closed and pressed together. When the pieces
Y are no longer forced upwards, they are pushed down by means of springs e, and
at the same time other springs f push back the wedges, which are forced apart
by their springs H, and separate or open the dies. The pieces Y are raised
by rods c resting on levers d, which turn upon the spindle M, and are actuated
by cams g on the main shaft D. The front dies are required to move closed
from right to left, and open from left to right; but if the dies were strongly
pressed together by the wedges, the friction would be too great. It is neces-
sary, therefore, to form one portion of the cam g of such a radius that the dies
may be only just brought together, but not strongly compressed while the
motion is taking place. When this lateral motion ceases, the dies are strongly
pressed together by the action of another portion of the cam g of larger radius.
The lateral motion of the front dies E is effected in the following manner :-
Two shafts h are mounted longitudinally in the machine. Each of these shafts
carries a lever i actuated by a cam j on the shaft D, and also an arm or lever
k, which is drawn downwards by a spring attached to a fixed point. Each
shaft also carries a lever m, which it is advantageous to make rather flexible.
This lever m drives a rod n sliding in a fixed guide o, and terminating in two
branches, which push against the dies, whether they are open or shut. The
length of the rod n is adjusted by two nuts p, p, and the extent of its backward
movement is regulated by a screw q. These screws form stops for the rods n,
and arrest the course of the dies E at each end of their stroke. By means of
these stops, and the slight elasticity of the levers m, the dies are brought
exactly to their proper position, notwithstanding any slight imperfection or
inaccuracy in the cams j.
Any suitable means may be employed for discharging, or receiving, or
removing the finished blank from the machine. The position of the fixed
wedges is adjusted by the screws 7, 7. Plates s, s, fixed to the head B, maintain

page_text: the wedges and the dies in their places. The action of the machine is easily
understood. The wire is fed in and the back dies close; the wire is then cut
by the block G; the heading punches advance and retire without touching
the fresh piece of wire; the front dies open and move from left to right, and
then close, but are not forcibly pressed together; the back dies then open,
and the front dies move to the left with the piece of wire, and are then
strongly pressed together. During this operation a fresh length of wire is fed
into the right-hand hole of the back dies, which are then strongly pressed
together. The heading punch advances and produces the first heading on the
piece of wire, while a second piece of wire is being cut off. The motions are
then repeated as before. At each set or cycle of motions the blanks are
advanced from one hole to another of the dies, and they thus pass in succession
before all the beading punches or cavities in the heading punch; and at cach
cycle of motions a finished blank is discharged on the left, and a fresh piece of
wire is cut off at the right.
It will be evident that various other arrangements of machinery may be
employed to give the required motions to the back and front dies.
In lieu of moving the dies in front of the punches, I sometimes cause the
punches to move in front of the dies. Thus, Figure 23, Sheet III., is a
vertical section, and Figure 24 is a plan, partly in section, of such an arrange-
ment of machinery.
A is a portion of the framing of the machine; B is the head or block
which supports the piece of iron O and the single pair of dies E; F is a
transverse sliding bar, which carries two or more punches R, R. This bar F
is moved by a lever L actuated by a cam K on the main shaft D, which
carries another cam V with two or more projections, which acts on the toggle
joint U connected to a piece S sliding in a guide T, as in the machine last
herein-before described. The piece S does not carry the punches, but drives
them forward as they are brought before it. Each punch is drawn back again
by a spring not shewn in the Drawing.
The wire is fed into the dies E as before, and may come against a moveable
stop. The dies E are then raised to the position shewn in Figure 23, and the
length of wire is thus cut off. The punch R is then driven forward by the
piece S and toggle joint U, and produces the first heading, while the end of
the wire rests against a small steel block or anvil in the block O. The piece S
then retires, and the punch R springs back. The bar F is then moved laterally
by the cam K, so as to bring the punch R' opposite to the dies. The piece S
then advances again, and forces the punch R' against the head of the blank,
thus completing the heading operation. Three or more punches may be
E

page_text: employed in this manner, being advanced by corresponding steps on the
cam K, and being driven up in succession by a corresponding number of pro-
jections on the cam V. In lieu of employing the sliding bar F to carry the
punches, they may be carried a revolving block or by a segmental piece,
having an intermittent motion. The mode of working the dies is not shewn
in the Drawing, being similar to that in the machine shewn in Sheet II. A
pair of dies or one single die or block may be employed.
In certain machines for turning and nicking the heads of screws, the screw
blank is held by jaws at the end of a revolving mandril, which presents it to
The mandril is then carried to a circular
a tool by which the head is turned.
saw, which cuts the nick in the head of the blank, and it is again carried back
to the turning tool for the purpose of turning off the burrs formed by the saw.
For this purpose, two parallel mandrils are mounted on a frame attached to
a central and parallel shaft. One of the mandrils is opposite to the circular
saw, while the other presents a blank to the turning tool. By causing the
central shaft to make half a revolution, the blank which has had its head
turned, is presented to the nicking saw, and the previously nicked head is
brought back to the turning tool to have the burrs removed. The half
revolution has been given by a rack and pinion, but by the present Invention
it is given in the following manner :-
Figure 25, Sheet I., is an elevation of a wheel A, which carries a pin or
small roller at B; C is the aforesaid central shaft, which is to be moved half
a revolution at a time. This shaft C carries two double forks D, E, and F, G,
into which the pin B enters during the revolutions of the wheel A. At the
angles of these forks are two cylindrical pieces or blocks of metal H, I, each
of which has a space or cavity of the same width as the space of the fork. As
the wheel A moves in the direction of the arrow, the pin B enters the fork D,
and causes the shaft to commence its rotation. As the motion continues, the
pin B enters the block F. This block then turns round sufficiently to present
its opening to the fork E. The pin B in continuing its motion, passes out
at the fork E, which is left in the position originally occupied by the fork G.
The shaft C is thus moved half a revolution, and it then remains stationary
while the pin B passes round until it enters the fork F, which will then be in
the position of the fork D in the Drawing.
If the turning blocks H, I, were not employed, the pin would enter the fork
D and pass out again through the same fork, which would thus only be carried
as far as the fork G, and would not communicate a half revolution to the shaft
C. The motion is communicated to the blocks H, I, in the following manner :-
Figure 26 is an end elevation of the forks; Figure 27 is an elevation; and

page_text: Figure 28 is a section of a cam K, which is fixed to the frame of the machine
behind the forks. This cam has a groove into which enter two crank pins
h, i, on the blocks H, I, respectively. As the forks revolve and carry
the blocks H, I, with them, the pins h, i, pass round the groove k, whoso
form is such as to cause the blocks to turn at the proper times. The forks
are kept stationary or locked while the pin B is out of the forks, by means
of four studs a, a, a, a, on the forks, which enter a groove in the face of the
wheel A, which groove has openings or is cut away where necessary to allow
of the motion of the forks.
In some of the machines used for turning and nicking and threading screws,"
the blank is held by jaws at the end of a mandril, and it is introduced between
and seized by these jaws while the mandril is revolving, the jaws being closed
by means of a sliding collar on the mandril which is moved along the mandril
by means of a cam. The collar being pressed endways or in the direction of
the axis of the mandril during the whole of the time that the blank is being
operated upon, produces much friction and wear of the bearings of the mandril,
which interferes with the accuracy of the action of the machine. I avoid these
defects in the following manner:-
Figure 29, Sheet IV., is a longitudinal section of an improved mandril. Nis
the mandril, and 0, 0, are its bearings. The mandril is hollow and traversed
by a rod R carrying a nut T, which rests against a helical spring S. At the
end of the rod R is a wedge or double inclined plane Q, which acts upon two
rollers y, y, at the ends of the arms of the jaws h, h. The rollers y, y, in lieu of
being mounted directly on the arms of the jaws, may be mounted upon two
small levers turning on pins on the arnis of the jaws, and capable of being
adjustable by screws w, w, as shewn in the Drawing. The rollers y, y, are kept
in contact with the wedge Q by a spring or springs, not shewn in the Drawing.
The joint pin of the jaws is carried by two projections from the front of the
mandril, one of which is shewn at P. The action of the spring S is to draw
the wedge between the rollers y, y, and thus to close the jaws h, h. The
wedge is but slightly tapered at the wide end, so as to cause it to act with
great force when the jaws are closed. The jaws are opened by pushing forward
the hinder end of the rod R, which passes through the back of the mandril.
This is effected by means of a cam. Thus the end pressure is only applied to
open the jaws to release one blank and to receive another, which operations
occupy very little time, and the pressure is then removed, and the blank is held
by means of the spring during the whole of the threading or other operations
to which it is to be subjected. The pressure of the spring may be adjusted

page_text: by means of the nut T. Instead of the wedge Q, a toggle joint may be em-
ployed, being acted upon by the spring S, so as to close the jaws h, h.
Tools for worming wood screws are generally made of pieces of steel having
their ends finished to the shape of the thread desired. This operation requires
much skill and practice in order to preserve a uniform shape of thread at each
sharpening of the tool. Various attempts have been made to overcome this
difficulty by using in some cases dies, and in other cases tools with several
teeth similar to the ordinary tool termed a chasing or screw tool; but I over-
come the difficulty by constructing worming tools of segmental pieces of steel,
turned and finished throughout their entire length to the proper sectional form
of the tool.
Figure 39. Sheet I., is a side view of a seginental worming tool. Figure 40
is a plan of the same, showing also a wood screw wormed by it. This tool is
sharpened by grinding the end to the proper angle, which operation is very
easy to perform. The form of the tool, and consequently the form of the
thread cut by it, are very accurately maintained. Straight tools planed to the
proper sectional form throughout their entire length may be used, but I prefer
the segmental form, as it can be manufactured and finished with great facility
and accuracy.
Figure 30, Sheet IV., is a side view, partly in section, of an arrangement
of feeding apparatus, somewhat different from those herein-before described;
Figure 31 is a plan of the same. The blanks are placed in a hopper A;
through which passes an endless chain B, carried round two pulleys C, C.
The chain B is furnished with a series of double hooks b, b, which raise some
of the blanks as shown at a, a. The blanks are carried up until their heads
come in contact with fixed inclined projections F, which push them off into
the inclined channel E, from the bottom of which they are removed by a
curved plate, as herein-before described, in reference to Figures 11, 12, 13,
and 14, or as herein-after described. The projection F may be kept in its
place by a spring, so as to yield when the channel E is full of blanks.
In lieu of employing, the curved plate, the blanks may be taken from the
foot of the channel E, in the following manner:-The mandril N and jaws
h, h, are constructed, as herein-before described, in reference to Figure 29,
but the mandril is capable of sliding endways in its bearings. The rod R is
pushed forward by means of a cam, and carries the mandril with it, until it
is stopped by its shoulder O coming in contact with the support V. The jaws
h, h, are then close to the head of the lowest blank; the farther advance of
the rod R allows the jaws h to open. The blank is then pushed forward by a

page_text: rod W, and the cam then allows the rod R to recede; the jaws h close upon
the head of the blank, and the mandril returns to the position shewn in the
Drawing, being drawn back by a spring not shewn in the Drawing. After
the turning or threading operation is completed, the rod R is pushed forward
a little while the mandril is prevented from advancing. The jaws are thus
opened, and the screw or blank is dropped out or released. The mandril is
then advanced as before to receive another blank.
Instead of advancing the mandril, the whole feeding apparatus may be
advanced towards the mandril, or the lower portion of the channel E may be
advanced. This mode of taking the blank, by advancing the mandril or the
feeding apparatus, or a portion of it, may be employed with the revolving
dish feeding apparatus herein-before described.
In the various machines herein-before mentioned, the blank or screw drops:
out of the machine, when finished, but I apply to these machines and also to
other machines a picker or apparatus for removing the blank or screw after
the operation, in lieu of allowing it to drop out.
Figure 32, Sheet IV., is a section of a portion of a threading, or worming,.
or a turning machine with one arrangement of picker adapted to it. a is a
section of the blank, which is supported by a rest while the tool is advanced
to it; a is the picker which consists of a pair of fingers or pincers pressed
together by a spring and mounted on the end of an arm e, which is jointed at
d to a lever on a spindle e, which carries another lever f actuated by a
cam g; h is a spring which keeps the lever fin contact with the cam g; i is
a spring which draws the arm c towards the lever b, and keeps it in contact
with a roller turning on a fixed axis. When the recess in the cam g arrives
at the lever f, that lever descends and causes the picker to descend and seize
the blank æ; the picker is guided by the arm e running against the roller j,
the arme being made of a suitable form for that purpose. One of the fingers.
of the picker is fixed to the arm e, and the other is jointed to it and kept in
contact with it by a spring. When the fingers arrive at the blank they open
to receive it as they are pushed over it. The jaws of the mandril which.
carries the blank then open and release it; the picker is then moved endways,
so as to draw the blank out from the jaws; this motion is given by a cam
acting against the end of the spindle e, which is capable of sliding in its
bearings; or the end motion may be given to the mandril, if preferred.. The
picker is then raised by the cam g, and carries the blank with it; the moveable
finger of the picker has a projecting arm or lever, which comes in contact
with a fixed pin or stud, and thus opens the fingers at the top of their course,
and allows the blank or screw to drop out.

page_text: Figure 33 is a front view, and Figure 34 is a side view, of another arrange-
ment of picker and feeder combined together. The pincers are double, and
the part a' is the feeder, while the part a is the picker; N is the channel,
down which the blanks descend to the curved plate X, in the manner herein-
before described; this plate has a notch in the side, which allows the fingers a¹
to enter and seize the blank which is carried to them by the plate; mis a
moveable gutter or conduit, which is open at the side o, and has a notch in the
top p. The pincers or fingers are carried by a lever 6 on a spindle e, which
carries another lever f, which is actuated by a cam or by two cams A and B
revolving at different velocities, as herein-before described.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-The curved plate X carries a blank
to the fingers a', which descend a little, and seize it, and rise again, while the
plate X returns to its former position; the gutter m being drawn away, the
pincers or fingers descend until the fingers a come in contact with and seize
the blank or screw which has just been operated upon, and which is released
from the jaws of the mandril at the same moment; the mandril retires a little,
and the fingers continue to descend until the fingers a' present the new blank
to the jaws of the mandril; the mandril advances, and its jaws close upon and
seize the blank and retire a little way with it to allow the fingers a to rise
with the screw which is held by them, and the mandril then again advances
to its former position; when they have reached the position shewn in the
Drawing, the gutter m is advanced into the position shewn; and as the fingers
continue to rise the blank comes in contact with the top of the gutter, and is
stripped out of the fingers, and slides down the gutter m. In lieu of advancing
and withdrawing the mandril, the rod R in Figure 29 may be prolonged a
little, or may carry a small pin in front of the wedge Q, which pin serves to
push the screw out of the jaws when they open.
Another rod or pusher may be employed to push the new blank from the
fingers a into the jaws of the mandril; or the fingers may have an additional
motion in the direction of the axis of the mandril, for inserting the new blank
and removing the screw. In this case the fingers descend and the picker
seizes the blank or screw in the jaws which then open, and the fingers recede
endways with the screw; they then descend a little farther, and the feeder
presents the new blank and advances endways, so as to insert it in the jaws
which close upon it. The fingers then rise and the picker deposits the screw
in the gutter m, and the feeder takes another blank from the curved plate X.
Figure 35 shews another arrangement of combined feeder and picker.
N is the channel, down which the blanks descend, as before. X is the curved
plate connected to or forming one piece with one side of the feeding fingers

page_text: a¹; the other side y of the feeding fingers forms one side of the picker or
removing fingers a, the other side being formed by the piece ; these fingers
are kept together by springs, and are mounted on a lever b actuated by a cam
or cams, as before. The picker a removes the screw from the mandril, and
the feeding fingers a' then introduce the new blank. During these operations
the channel N is closed by the curved plate X. The lever b then returns to
the position shewn in the Drawing, depositing the screw in a gutter, as in the
apparatus shewn in Figures 33 and 34. A small projection on the piece y
comes in contact with the lower side of the channel N, and thus causes the
fingers a to open sufficiently to allow a blank to enter from the channel N.
When screws with an eye or ring at one end are to be made, I feed the
blanks into the threading machine in the following manner:-Figure 36 is an
elevation, and Figure 37 is a plan, of a channel A formed of two plates or
cheeks, placed at such a distance apart as to freely admit the shanks of the
blank eyes a; this channel is fixed by a bracket B to the frame of the machine.
C is a curved arm attached to one side of the channel A and supporting a bar
D, which keeps the blank eyes a in the channel. At the bottom of the
channel A is a curved plate with a recess of suitable form by which the blanks
are taken one by one in the same manner as herein-before described in
reference to the screw blanks. Figure 38 represents a tool for introducing
the blanks into the channel; it consists of a rod fixed in a handle, and having
one end split and sprung open a little. The eyes are s'ipped on to this rod by
a child, and are prevented from falling off by the split end, which, however,
yields to receive the eyes. The blanks on this rod are introduced into the
channel A and held down while the rod is withdrawn. The blanks are thus
left in the channel. A very similar arrangement serves for feeding the blanks
for screw hooks and other similar articles, the form of the channel, and of the
recess in the curved plate, and of the jaws on the mandril being varied
accordingly.
1
:
Having now described the nature of the Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that what I claim
is,-
First, the mode or modes herein-before described of heading rivets and
screw blanks by two or more successive heading operations effected by dies or
punches of different form, while the end of the rivet or screw blank rests
against a steel block or anvil without removing the blank from the machine
between the operations, as herein-before described.
Second, constructing machines for heading screw blanks, rivets, spikes, pins,

page_text: and nails at two or more successive heading or compressing operations, with
revolving dies capable of opening and closing, as herein-before described in
reference to Figures 4 and 5.
Third, the arrangement of pincers and pusher for transporting the partially
headed blank from one hole or die to another, as herein-before described in
reference to Figures 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10, with or without the divided funnel or
guide y.
Fourth, constructing machines for heading screw blanks, rivets, spikes, pins,
and nails, at two or more operations with separate back and front dies having
independent motion, as herein-before described in reference to Figures 16, 17,
18, and 19.
Fifth, the mode of transporting screw blanks, rivets, spikes, pins, and nails
in heading machines by means of back and front dies, as herein-before described
in reference to Figures 16, 17, 18, and 19. I also claim the arrangement of
machinery for giving the required motions to these dies, as herein-before
described in reference to Figures 20, 21, and 22.
Sixth, the mode of heading screw blanks, rivets, spikes, pins, and nails by
the successive action of two or more punches substituted for or following each
other and acting with the same dies, as herein-before described. I also claim the
machinery for this purpose herein-before described, in which the punches are
carried by a sliding bar or by a segmental or revolving block.
Seventh, the application of divided funnel-shaped or countersunk guides to
heading machines for guiding the partially headed blanks into the dies, as
herein-before described.
Eighth, constructing feeding apparatus for supplying blanks or partially
headed blanks to machines for the manufacture of screws, rivets, spikes, pins,
and nails with a revolving dish in combination with a channel or fountain for
receiving the blanks, and a moveable fork with an up-and-down motion for
raising the blanks from the dish, or a pin or pius for pushing the blanks up a
stationary fork or channel, as herein-before described; also the combination
of such feeding apparatus with the curved recessed plate for removing
the blanks one by one from the channel or fountain, as herein-before
described.
Ninth, constructing feeding apparatus for supplying blanks or partially
headed blanks to machines for the manufacture of screws, rivets, spikes, pins,
and nails with a hopper and endless chain of hooks and a channel, as herein-
before described.
Tenth, constructing the mandrils of threading machines and other machines

page_text: used in the manufacture of screws and similar articles with jaws turning on a
pivot or pivots fixed on the mandril, and which jaws are closed by means of a
wedge or joint acted on by a spring carried by the mandril, as herein-before
described.
Eleventh, the machinery herein-before described in reference to Figures 25,
26, 27, and 28, for communicating a semi-revolution to the central shaft of the
turning and nicking machines.
Twelfth, the construction and application of the picker or removing fingers
or pincers in combination with self-acting feeding apparatus to turning or
threading machines, or other machines used in the manufacture of screws,
rivets, spikes, and nails, as herein-before described.
Thirteenth, constructing tools for worming screws of segmental form and
turned and finished throughout their length to the proper sectional form
required, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Frederic Dietz Monnin, bave
bercunto set my band and seal, this Thirteenth day of November, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
C. F. DIETZ MONNIN. (L.S.)