IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN TREATING EXCRETA. BLOOD. AND OTHER REFUSE
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Haresceugh, Sanitary Engineer Thomas Atkinson
Collinge, Analytical Chemist, John Hoyle, John Robinson, and William
Howarth, Engineer, all of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN
TREATING EXCRETA. BLOOD. AND OTHER REFUSE."
Sealed the 5th July 1878, and dated the 26th April 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Haresceugh, Thomas
Atkinson Collinge, John Hoyle, John Robinson, and William Howarth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th April 1878.
JOSEPH HARESCEUGH, Sanitary Engineer, THOMAS ATKINSON COLLINGE, Analytical
Chemist, JOHN HOYLE, JOHN ROBINSON, and WILLIAM HOWARTH, Engineer, all of
Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPA-
RATUS EMPLOYED IN TREATING EXCRETA, BLOOD, AND OTHER REFUSE."
Our improvements have for their object the drying of excreta, blood, or other
refuse, and destroying the gases passing therefrom, and is as hereafter described.
We provide a steam jacketted tank or cylinder, that is to say, a tank or cylinder
having an inner lining, between which and the outer form steam may be admitted.
Within this tank or cylinder we provide an inner cylinder, being also steam
jacketted. The inner cylinder is carried on a shaft, which may be either solid or
hollow, and mounted in suitable bearings; this shaft has fixed thereto (and within
the inner cylinder) any required number of scrapers (which by preference aro
separate from each other) placed spirally thereon. Within the external cylinder or
tank we provide one or more scrapers for reinoving the material that may adhere
to the exterior of the inner cylinder, and also to the external cylinder or tank.
The shaft on which the inner cylinder is carried may be caused to revolve either
separately or in conjunction with the inner cylinder, or they may be moved or
caused to revolve in different directions, and at different velocities, rendering thereby
the scrapers on the shaft more or less effective, or of non-effect altogether when
required.

page_text: The outer cylinder of the apparatus may when required be caused to revolve.
Suitable openings are provided therein for the ingress or egress of the material, and
also the same provision is made in the inner cylinder.
The material is first placed in the outer tank or cylinder, and thence it passes
into the internal cylinder, and by means of the scrapers therein contained it is
agitated until dry. Suitable means are provided for the steam to escape, which
steam passes from the drying apparatus to a cooling tank, and is there condensed,
and when condensed disinfected by any known means.
Any suitable cooling or condensing apparatus may be employed, or the steam
instead of being condensed may be passed through other machines, and thereby
utilized for drying purposes.
The openings are so arranged in the interior of the inner cylinder that the material
passes through one in the centre thereof, and afterwards conveyed forwards by
means of the spirally detached scrapers to outlets placed by preference at the
extremities of the internal cylinder, keeping up thereby a constant agitation or cir-
culation until the material is dry and ready for withdrawal.
We admit the steam into the jacket of the inner cylinder either through the
herein-before mentioned shaft, which may be hollow, or through an external fixed
boss or collar provided for the purpose. In this case the bearing in which the boss
rests is arranged for conveying the steam, which is admitted at one end of the appa-
ratus, and passes off at the other through a similar arrangement of bearing.
material, after being sufficiently operated upon, is so dry that it may be loaded
direct therefrom into bags, and is ready for use.
The
In some cases we dispense with the jacketting on the inner cylinder and the
scrapers therein contained, and pass the steam direct into its interior; in this case no
material is allowed to pass into it, and is only used as the heating or drying
medium.
The required motion is conveyed to the apparatus from any convenient motive
power.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Joseph Haresceugh, Thomas Atkinson Collinge, John Hoyle, John
Robinson, and William Howarth in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th
October 1878.
JOSEPH HARESCEUGH, Sanitary Engineer, THOMAS ATKINSON COLLINGE, Analytical
Chemist, JOHN HOYLE, JOHN ROBINSON, and WILLIAM HOWARTH, Engineer, all of
Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPA-
RATUS EMPLOYED IN TREATING EXCRETA, BLOOD, AND OTHER REFUSE."
Our improvements have for their object the drying of excreta, blood, or other
refuse, and destroying the gases passing therefrom, and is as hereafter described.
We provide a steam jacketted tank or cylinder, that is to say, a tank or cylinder
having an inner lining, between which and the outer form steam may be admitted.
Within this tank or cylinder we provide an inner cylinder, being also steam
jacketted. The inner cylinder is carried on a shaft, which may be either solid or
hollow, and mounted in suitable bearings; this shaft has fixed thereto (and within
the inner cylinder) any required number of scrapers (which by preference are
separate from each other), placed spirally thereon. Within the external cylinder or
tank we provide one or more scrapers for removing the material that may adhere
to the exterior of the inner cylinder, and also to the external cylinder or tank.
The shaft on which the inner cylinder is carried may be caused to revolve either
separately or in conjunction with the inner cylinder, or they may be moved or
caused to revolve in different directions and at different velocities, rendering thereby
the scrapers on the shaft more or less effective, or of non-effect altogether when
required.
The outer cylinder of the apparatus may when required be caused to revolve.
Suitable openings are provided therein for the ingress or egress of the material, and
also the same provision is made in the inner cylinder.
The material is first placed in the outer tank or cylinders, and thence it passes
into the internal cylinder, and by means of the scrapers therein contained it is
agitated until dry. Suitable means are provided for the steain to escape, which
steam passes from the drying apparatus to a cooling tank, and is there condensed,
and when condensed disinfected by any known means.
Any suitable cooling or condensing apparatus may be employed, or the steam
instead of being condensed may be passed through other machines, and thereby
utilized for drying purposes.
The openings are so arranged in the interior of the inner cylinder that the
material passes through one in the centre thereof, and afterwards conveyed forwards
by means of the spirally detached scrapers to outlets placed by preference at the
extremities of the internal cylinder, keeping up thereby a constant agitation or cir-
culation until the material is dry and ready for withdrawal. We admit the steam
into the jacket of the inner cylinder, either through herein-before mentioned shaft,
which may be hollow, or through an external fixed boss or collar provided for the
purpose. In this case the bearing in which the boss rests is arranged for conveying
the steam, which is admitted at one end of the apparatus, and passes off at the other
through a similar arrangement of bearing. The material after being sufficiently
operated upon is so dry that it may be loaded direct therefrom into bags, and is
ready for use.
In some cases we dispense with the jacketting on the inner cylinder, and the
Bcrapers therein contained, and pass the steam direct into its interior; in this case no
material is allowed to pass into it, and is only used as the heating or drying
medium.
The required motion is conveyed to the apparatus from any convenient motive
power.
And in order that our Invention may be more completely understood, reference

page_text: is given to the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings, and to the letters and
marks thereon.
Figure 1 is a part side elevation and section, Figure 2 a part end elevation and
section, of one arrangement of our apparatus; Figure 3, altransverse section; Figure 4,
a longitudinal elevation shewing further modifications of the same; Figure 5, a
part end elevation of Figure 1.
We provide a steam jacketted cylinder A, that is to say, a tank or cylinder
having an inner lining b, between which and the outer form c steam may be
admitted. In the interior d of the tank or cylinder we provide an inner cylinder e;
this also is steam jacketted by preference at f, as shewn. The inner cylinder e is
carried on a shaft g, which may be solid, or when preferred hollow, as shewn at h,
and mounted in bearings i and j, which bearings to prevent leakage from the
interior of the inner cylinder e are provided with stuffing boxes of ordinary con-
struction. The shaft g has fixed thereto (and within the inner cylinder e) any
required number of scrapers k, Figure 3, which are attached to the flanges 1, by pre-
ference separate from each other, and fixed spirally thereon.
Within the external cylinder or tank a we provide one or more scrapers m,
Figure 3, and fastened to the manholes p' and cross-bars p³ for removing the mate-
rial that may adhere to the exterior of the internal cylinder e, and also we provide
any number of scrapers n shewn at Figure 3, which are attached to the internal
cylinder e at the flanges o, and set to an angle to scrape towards centre manhole p
for the purpose of removing any material which might adhere to the interior of the
external cylinder or tank A.
The shaft g on which the inner cylinder e is mounted may be caused to revolve,
either separately or in conjunction with the inner cylinder e, or they may be moved
or caused to revolve in different directions, rendering thereby the scraper or
scrapers on the shaft g more or less effective, or of non-effect altogether when
required.
The outer cylinder A of the apparatus may when required be caused to revolve
by ordinary means. Suitable openings p¹ are provided in the outer cylinder A for
the ingress or egress of the material, also openings are provided in the inner
cylinder e for a like purpose. The openings in the external cylinder or tank A are
provided with covers and s; these may be of ordinary construction, and removable
at pleasure. The material is first placed in the outer tank or cylinder A, and thence
it passes into the internal cylinder e, and by means of the scrapers therein contained
it is agitated until dry, and when dry is ready for withdrawal.
The openings are so arranged in the interior of the inner cylinder e that tho
material passes through the centre holes, and is afterwards conveyed forwards by
means of the spirally detached scrapers k to the outlets q of the internal cylinder
e, keeping up thereby a constant agitation or circulation until the material is dry
and ready for withdrawal. We admit steam into the jacket at f, by preference
through tube t, along the interior of the shaft at u, in the direction shewn by arrows,
and along passage v, in projecting shell w, also in the direction shewn by arrows,
and the outlet is provided at the other end of the machine in the projecting shell &
at y, steam passing off in the direction shewn by arrows. The projecting shells w
and x are fixed to the ends of the inner cylinder e, and are carried in bearings pro-
vided at z and z¹. But when preferred steam may be admitted into the external
cylinder by any convenient means, being transmitted thereto through hollow
shaft h.
In some cases we dispense with the jacketting on the inner cylinder e, and the
scrapers therein contained, and pass the steam direct into its interior; in this case
no material is allowed to pass into it, and is only used as the heating or drying
medium. But we do not claim such internal steam cylinder as part of our
Invention.
The required motion is conveyed to the apparatus from any convenient motive!
power.
In order to utilize the waste heat and steam evaporated from the material under-

page_text: going the drying process in the herein-before mentioned apparatus, we place in a
suitable position above it a tank 1, which is connected with the outer cylinder A at
2 by the pipe or tube 3; within this upper tank 1 we provide a cylinder 4, which
is carried on a shaft 41 mounted in ordinary bearings for the reception of excreta
and other materials to be treated. This cylinder 4 is connected to the outer cylinder
A at 5 by means of the tube 6 for the purpose of allowing the partially dried mate-
rial from cylinder 4 to pass therefrom to cylinder or tank A to complete the drying
process. A stop valve 7 is provided in tube or pipe 6 for the purpose of allowing or
arresting the flow of liquid or material at opening 8. A suitable manhole is pro-
vided at 9 for the admission of material into the cylinder 4, and the cylinder 4 may
be caused to revolve at pleasure for the purpose of agitating such material. Instead
of steam passing to the apparatus at 1 it may be taken to a cooling or condensing
apparatus of ordinary description. The material after being sufficiently operated
upon is so dry that it may be loaded direct from the herein-before mentioned appa-
ratus into bags, and ready for use.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim,-
First. The general construction of apparatus operating as and for purposes herein
set forth.
Second. The arrangement of scrapers K, m, and n, substantially as and for pur-
poses herein set forth.
Third. The arrangement and combination of the various parts forming the appa-
ratus for drying and afterwards utilizing the steam given off by the lower apparatus
for the purpose of either wholly or partially drying excreta or other materials
placed in the upper apparatus, substantially as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said Joseph Haresceugh, Thomas Atkinson
Collinge, John Hoyle, John Robinson, and William Howarth, have here-
unto set our hands and seals, this Fifth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
JOSEPH HARESCEUGH. (L.S.)
THOMAS A. COLLINGE.
(LS.)
JOHN HOYLE.
(L.S.)
JOHN ROBINSON.
(L.S.)
WILLIAM HOWARTH.
(L.B.)