IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY ENGINES TO BE ACTUATED BY STEAM OR WATER
Year: 1839

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, MONNIN
JAPY and CONSTANT JOUFFROY DUMERY, of Great George Yard, Lombard Street,
in the City of London, Gentlemen, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Sixteenth day of December, in the third year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said Monnin Japy
and Constant Jouffroy Dumery, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that we, the said Monnin Japy and Constant Jouffroy Dumery, our
exors, adiiors, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Monnin Japy and
Constant Jouffroy Dumery, our exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY ENGINES TO BE ACTUATED BY STEAM OR WATER;" in
which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that we, the said Monnin
Japy and Constant Jouffroy Dumery, or one of us, shall cause a particular
description of the nature of our Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be enrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chan-
cery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Monnin Japy and Constant Jouffroy Dumery, do hereby declare the nature
of our said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed,
are fully described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and
letters marked thereon, that is to say :-
The Invention consists in new means for obtaining the greatest effect pos-
sible of the theoric power of fluids used as a motion, and having two different
applications, as follow:-
First, the employment of steam in general, and all gas or fluids produced
by heat.
Secondly, the employment by pressure of cold fluids, as water, air compressed,
and all gases which, by their temperature, are not liable to destroy the animal or
vegetable articles used for packing or stufling the piston in the present Invention,
both in employing the steam or water as power acting in a rotative machine.
The principal advantages are,. first, to diminish the friction in a very con-
silerable proportion, in order to increase the reality of the power; second, to
have the feeding pump of the boiler quite independent of the machine itself,
by which means a constant level of water is always kept in the boiler, in
avoiding the want of water when the engine is stopped and the fire continues;
third, in having a safely valve with a graduated scale outside of the boiler,
which always gives the exact pressure in the boiler; fourth, a proper mode of
keeping all the parts of the machinery properly oiled as required, which means
is completely performed by the machine itself, which certainly has a very
important effect on the friction, and consequently contributes to increase the
real power.
Plate II. Figure 16 shows a section of the cylinder, Figure 36, Plate IV..
by the line V, Z, Figure 38, Plate VI., in order to show the recess of the
diaphragms, Figures 17 and 18, one diaphragm to which the upper plate has
been taken away, in order to shew the packing, Figures 19, 20, 21, and 22, the
diaphragm with the axletree gearings, and the arm and roller by which it is
put in motion. Figure 23 shews our mode of packing or stuffing the centre,
which is to say, the axletree, with the plates of the cylinder. Figures 24, 25,
and 26, shew the application of the principle of our case, as made in the
machine described here. A, A, is the principal shaft; B, B', B", B, are
rods fixed in the shaft, and used as resisting points of the piston; C, C, C, C, C,
shews one half of the case; D, D, D, D, the other half; E is an opening to allow
the steam to go in; F, opening to allow the steam to go out. Figures 27, 28, 29,
and 30, shew various views of the box or cover of the front G, G, of the case,

page_text: which is fixed to the rods B, B', B", B, by means of links H, H', and against
which is supported the packing of the piston. The pipe through which the
team passes in is at E, and the one which takes it out in F. h and h' are
oles by which are introduced the spindles, thereby joining the connecting pieces
ogether. Figure 31 shews the mode of joining these pieces; Figures 32 and 33,
backing of our piston.
Plate III. Figure 35 is a section of the Figure 36 (Plate IV., by the
ine R, S, Figures 37, 38, 39, and 40, Plates V., VI., VII., VIII.) E, E, E, E,
is the tube for the admission of the steam; F, F, F, F, the tube to allow the
steam to go out; a, b, a', b', stuffing box; the piece c, c, and c, c', is used to
compress the stuffing, is a ring screwed on its outside part, and the thread
of the screw goes in the one of the nuts d, d, which is solid and fixed on the
end of the shaft, which is to say, that it can only move by a motion making
the piece c, c, move backward or forward. g', g', is another box for stuffing,
which may be pressed during the action of the machine by the square picce h,
having a set of teeth which give motion to the three screws at once on this
side (to obviate the tendancy the column must have to reverse towards X, in
consequence of the vacuum produced in the interior of the machine, is sup-
plied with one condenser; the rod i, i, is longer, and only one with the shaft
through a stuffing box i, ', in order to give it one support outside, which is
regulated by the pressing screw j. G, G, is the cock, intercepting the communi-
cation of the steam from the boiler to the machine. K, K, is one sort of ring
acting easy in the interior of the cock, and to which the motion is given by
the regulator (see K, L, L, L", L, M, M³, M", M, Figure 37, Plate V.)
N and N are two openings, having in section the form of the sliding handle of
the railing, which, by a return of angle, is fixed with enough solidity to the body of
the machine as to prevent the column E, E, to be pulled down. 0, 0, and O¹,0¹,
are bevel wheels, giving motion to the moderator; P, P, P, P and Q, Q, Q, Q, are
wheels transmitting the power of the machine to the shaft of the fly wheel;
m, m, m¹, m, m, vacuums formed by the exterior casing n, n, n, in order to allow
the steam going round the cylinder; p, p, p, p, section of the circulating tube
run over by the piston; q, q, q, q, section of the piston in which B, B¹, B", B,
are the rods to support it. H, HI, H, I, II, II, are the connecting pieces; I, I
the spindle going through the connecting pieces and the rods B, B', BI, BIII
C, D, shew the thickness of the outside case; q, q, q, the thickness of the
envelope or box of the piston.
Plate VI. Figure 36, is an elevation of the machine taken in its length.
r, r, is a vessel closed, communicating at its upper part to the boiler, and at
its lower part with the bottom of the oil bottles 5, 5, 5, 8, by the pipes,

page_text: and s, s. This vessel 1, r, contains water, which is fully gained by the
pressure of the steam as far as in the oil bottles s, s, s, s, then it lifts up the oil
which has been introduced before, and forces it to enter the cylinder in a
proportion which is regulated by the cocks t, t, t; u, u, is a recess which
contains the oil, and from which the centre of the apparatus is supplied. J, J,
platform, supported by its gearing J', J"; x, x, moderator; v, counter weight
of the levers L, L, L, and M, M, M, M; u, u, rings to lift up the upper part
of the apparatus when it requires to be open.
Plate V. Figure 37, elevation of the machine on the side of the pipe for the
admission of the steam. a, x, moderator; L, L, L, M, M, M", M, levers
and rods of the moderator; M, M, arm of the lever; V, counterweight of
tlie levers L, L, and M, M; n, cock to throw the condensed water in the pipes.
Plate VI. Figure 38, the same elevation as in the preceding Plate, but the
Plate R, R, (Figure 36, Plate IV.) and all what is before supposed, taken
away in order to shew the interior of the cylinder. 7, 9, 7, 9, piston;
G, G, G, G, the packings; B, B', the two diaphragm; C, C, the axles of the
diaphragm; E, E, entrance of the steam; F, place where the steam goes out;
D, D, thickness of the case; H, support of the shaft of the fly wheel.
Plate VII. Figure 39, is a section of the Figure 37 (Plate V.) on the line
V, a, Figures 35 and 36 (Plates III. and IV.), which shew the pipe E for the
entrance of the steam. B", B", B", one of the supports of the diaphragm;
B', B', B', the space used as the recess to each diaphragm; K, K, K, pipe
to allow the oil going out; L, the vessel receiving the oil impure in passage
left in the case to allow a certain quantity of steam to go out before the
diaphragm begins to move again.
Plate VIII. Figure 40, another section of the Figure 37, Plate V., by the
line T, U, Figures 35 and 36 (Plates III. and IV.) This section shews >, 1,
and s, s, the interior of the oil bottles, the axis or joint H, H, of the piston,
the space m, m, left empty between the diaphragm for the circulation of the
steam before its introduction, and the gearings W upon which stands the axles
of the diaphragm.
Plate IX. Figure 41, section of the feeding apparatus of cold water in the
boiler. Figure 42, section of one safety valve. Figure 43, section of another
safety valve.
Plate X. Figure 44, clevation of a turbine or vessel to hold water; the one g
shewn is for about forty-five gallons of water.
vessel. Figure 46, section of the elevation.
Figure 45 is a plan of this
Figure 47, the same Figure as
45, to which it is supposed that the covers P, P, and P, P, are taken away
in order to shew the mechanism of the interior.

page_text: Explanation of the effect of the steam apparatus:-The steam, after.
having passed through the centre of the shaft, goes in the space E (Figures
38, 39, and 40, Plates VI, VII., VIII.) between the diaphragm b, b, and the.
piston E There it compresses the side q, q, of the piston and forces it to
turn and move from 1 to m', but as soon as the piston has described a sufficient
angle to bring the extremity 6' of the diaphragm B" in the middle of the space.
n, n, all the steam compressed in the space p, p, will go out by the pipe F;
and then the diaphragm &, B, having nothing to support, will return easily in.
the curved cut or space B, B, by the effect of the eccentric (Figure: 15,
Plate 2) fixed on the shaft A. When the angle q' of the piston arrives in p¹,
the diaphragm b', B", will come back near the shaft in order to be ready to.
become a new point of resistance for the steam, when the empty space n, n;
will be opposite the diaphragm b, B, as notwithstanding the diaphragm 6'; B",
will be at its proper place, the pressure will only begin on it when its action
will be completely effected on the other.
.
It is necessary to observe, first, that the apparatus may work with the detents.
of steam either in an additional cylinder or in only one and the same cylinder
in adding one distributing box. Second, that the apparatus may revolve from
left to right or from right to left, if wanted, in having the entrance of the
steam and the space to let it out in such way as the steam is required may
be introduced in the contrary way. Reference to the Figure 41 (Plate IX.).
for the explanation of the feeding apparatus of the boiler. A, level of water
in the boiler, which is to be kept constantly the same; B, pipe for the steam;
shut by the water when it is at a proper elevation in the boiler, and opens for
the steam when the level begins to be lowered; B', cock to be turned by
hand; B", valve; C, pipe connected with the lower part of the cylinder D
and the lower part of the boiler; C' is a cock; C", valve; D, cylinder,
metallic, with the inner part of an uneven surface; E, pipe with interior
partition, with the cistern for water F and cylinder D; E', another cock;
E is a valve; F, cistern or (reservoir) for water before its introduction in
the boiler; G, floats capable of containing a quantity of water double its
weight specific, in order to have an ascendant power equal to the descendant
one; H, rod attached by a pin to the little lever I at one end, and on the
other end carrying also H' a transversal rod b, e, to the extremity of which are
attached the valves B and E"; I, moveable lever joined in 1', fixed at one
end to the vertical rod H, and at the other end to the valve C..
Explanation of the effect of such feeding apparatus:-As seen in the
Drawing the two valves B" and C" are shut, and the valve E" are open. The

page_text: water of the upper cistern or reservoir F passes by the pipe E and enters in
the cylinder D. When the cylinder D is filled, the floats G, by the ascendant
strength, will shut the valve E, and will open the two others B and C.
Then if in that movement the boiler wants water, that is to say, if the level is
lower than the pipe B in the smallest degree, the steam immediately will rise
to the top of the cylinder D, will heat the superficial portion of the water,
which is very much reduced by the pressure of the floats, and the form
and the pressure will be equal to the pressure in the boiler. The water
contained in the cylinder D, being compressed equally by the two pipes
B and C, will enter in the boiler in consequence of the difference of
the two levels, and which, in the proportion of the quantity required
in the boiler, because if half of the water of any part whatever con-
tained in the cylinder had been sufficient to shut the opening o of the
pipe B, B, the water would not enter any more, and the things would remain
so until the production of steam would have reduced. the lever of the smallest
degree, and so on: When the cylinder D is empty, the floats G being as low
as far as I, will have shut, by its weight, the two valves C and B", and will
have forced the valve E" open, then the water contained in the cistern F will
be precipitated immediately in the cylinder, in consequence of its weight, and
by the vacuum produced by the condensation of the steam contained in the
cylinder D, it will keep up the floats, which, having altered the situation of the
valves, will remain on the top until they act again, in consequence of a new
abatement of the level in the boiler; or if any quantity of water has been
taken out of the boiler, it will ascend and descend without interruption, (that
is to say,) it will take a continual motion, the quickness of which will depend
on the diameter of the pipes C, C, and E, E, and would continue as long as
the level of the water did not arrive to the line A, A.
Explanation of the Pate IX., Figure 42, which shews the operation of the
safety valve-0, pipe for the discharge of the steam, in the end of which is a
circular cock composed of two plates, concentrics, moving some holes or cuts
therein; P, piston packed with leather for cold water; Q, cylinder; T, pipe
carrying the water from the boiler under the piston; P, R, recess or cistern, of
which the capacity must be equal to the one of the cylinder Q, in order to pre-
vent any hot water coming under the piston; S needle attached to the
rod U, S, P, of the piston P; U, P, piston rod; U, S, a rod attached at one
end to the rod U, P, and on the other end to the lever, S, O, S, O, arm of the
lever, in order to move the cock when the piston ascends or descends. a, b, c, d,
are weights, equal in weight to one quarter of an atmosphere (or less if re-

page_text: quired) on the section of the piston. P, V, graduating scale indicating the
pressure corresponding in the boiler; X part of the rod U, P, made larger, in
order to lift up the first washer if the piston is raised up.
Effect produced-In the Drawing the boiler is only filled with cold water,
the piston P is at its lowest part of the stroke, and the needle S is on the
mark O. As soon as the steam is produced and in operation, the piston P will
raise up, and the base X will lift up the first washer, which is equal to one
quarter of an atmosphere more successively than all the others, and will force
the needle over the marks O, 1, 2, 3, and without opening the cock.. It is
only when it will pass over the Figure 3, if it is arranged to work at three
atmospheres, that the cock will open to give passage to the extra. quantity of
steam, which will not go out by a sudden shock, but slowly and only in the
proportion required..
Explanation of the Plate X, which shews the turbin or vessel for the water:―
Figure 44, clevation capable of holding about forty-five, gallons of water.
Figure 45 is a plan of the same. Figure 46, section of the clevation.
Figure 47, a plan of the same vessel; the two covers or plates P, P, and.
P, P', supposed taken away in order to shew the mechanism of the interior.
The same letters in all the Drawings represent the same parts: A, A, are
tubes or openings by which the water is introduced; A, A', A", cylinder used.
as an ante-chamber and passage for the water; B, B, cylinder turned and
polished inside; C, C, cavities or recesses curved, in which enter the paddles
D, D; D', D', are moveable paddles or diaphragmes stuffed with leather at their
outside part, having a joint at d, and a rotative motion all round the point
E; they have a heel or stoppage in d", which limits the distance they may go
out; E, E, axle of rotation for the paddles, of which the part in prolongation,
Figures 44 and 45, bear each one arm E, E", with a roller E', which
revolves in one eccentric, which is fixed on the principal shaft in order to shut
and open the paddles when required; F, cylinder, rough inside, having a flood
gate G; G, G, flood gates, which limits not only the expence of water, but
also the power; G', wheel to raise or let down the flood gate; H is the main
shaft; H', sole of the shaft H; I, piston fixed to the shaft 'H, and divided
into two parts, a, a, a, a, for the entrance of the water, and b, b, b
to allow it to go out; this piston has to the exterior two leather packings
C, C; C, C, a stuffing box.
Effect produced by this vessel:-The water enters by A (Figure 46) through
the opening h, h, h, then by the partition I, to go in the cylinder B, between
the piston I and the paddle D', D', (Figure 47); when the space between C, C,
and D', D', is filled, all the column of water, (forming the fall,) cause a pressure

page_text: ou the paddle D, D, on one part, and on the piston I on the other, and then
if the resistance which is opposed to the notion of the piston I, and conse-
quently of the shaft H is less than the power of the fall, they will take a
motion from m, m³, as soon as the point C will be in 7, the paddle D shuts at
this moment, will open by the action of the eccentric, which will be fixed on
the shaft; as soon as it is completely open it will present to the water a new
point of pressure, against which the depression will only exist when the open-
ing n for the water going out will have arrived in D¹, because only there the
pressure in D', D', will cease, in consequence of the water between the two
paddles will find an issue; the paddle D', D, having nothing to support, will
re-enter easily by the effect of the eccentric, to go out again as soon as the
piston will have run an angle sufficient, and so on. The packings C, C, C', C',
of the pistons I (Figure 47), are at a certain distance in order to have always
one at work, when the other part of the cavities made in the cylinder B are to
receive the arms d, E. It is no use to add that leather may be replaced by
any other substances, vegetable or animal, composed or genuine, which has the
property to stand in good condition in the water, and that the effect of our
apparatus may be reversed, so as to have the case moving when the centre
would be fixed, that the application may be interverted in having the engine
vertical, and the vessel for the water horizontal, as all the alterations in forms
or disposition would not be an Invention, and we believe it is not necessary to
give any further description.
In witness whereof, 1, the said Monnin Japy, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this 13th day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
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