IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Galloway and John Galloway, of the City
of Manchester, Engineers, and John William Wilson, of Barnsley, in
the County of York, Timber Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Galloway, John
Galloway, and John William Wilson, at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 6th August 1861.
We, WILLIAM GALLOWAY and JOHN GALLOWAY, of the City of Manchester,
Engineers, and JOHN WILLIAM WILSON, of Barnsley, in the County of York,
Timber Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to
be as follows:-
The nature of our Invention consists, first, in an improved combination and
arrangement of parts forming a vertical steam boiler, wherein two or more
sets or stories of tubes connected by water chambers are employed, or can be
introduced. In performing this part of our Invention we place the fire-grate
at the lower part of the boiler, the products of combustion pass around or
through vertical or horizontal tubes, and then round a water chamber, after
that they circulate through or around other tubes, and then around a second
water chamber; additional sets or stories of tubes and water chambers may
[Price 8d.]

page_text: be used. The products of combustion then enter the chimney or a flue in com-
munication with the chimney. The fire-grate is either stationary or revolving,
and it is in some cases divided into two parts by fire-bricks, or by a water
partition, each part being supplied with fuel by a separate door. When
a water partition is used, vertical pipes open to the atmosphere, or connected
to a blast, are introduced for supplying air to assist the combustion.
Our improvements in horizontal boilers with two furnaces consist in
applying two water chambers beyond and near the bridge, projecting from the
sides of the flue, the object of which is to divert the currents of the products
of combustion, and thus to increase-the-consumption of the smoke.
Another part of our Invention consists in making the bridge into a water
chamber, which is connected by vertical tubes to the upper part of the flue, to
insure circulation in the water.
Another part of our Invention consists in applying glasses to the shell of
the boiler. through one of which light is reflected, and through the other the
interior of the boiler can be examined when the boiler-is at work.--
Another part of our Invention consists in dispensing with the taps and
detached glass tubes or plates now employed for ascertaining the level of the
water in the boiler, and in applying a glass plate to the end of the boiler,
through which the level of the water can be seen.
The last part of our Invention relates to safety valves. Our improvements
consist in admitting the steam from the boiler to a bent tube, the end of which
is in connection with a ram or disc acting on the lever of the safety valve,
which is either single acting or duplex.
Another of our improvements in safety valves consists in connecting two
valves to the same weighted lever, one valve opening outwards, and the other
inwards. The bent tube with the ram or disc above referred to, acts in the
same manner on the weighted lever.
Our further improvements in safety valves consist in applying a water float
and wheel in connection with a tap in the bent tube above referred to; this
tap is opened by the action of the float when the water descends below its
proper working level. thus admitting steam to the ram or disc before referred
to. and causing the weighted lever to lift the safety valve, and thus to allow
the steam to blow off when the water descends to an unsafe level.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent. filed
by the said William Galloway, John Galloway, and John William
Wilson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th February 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
GALLOWAY and JOHN GALLOWAY, of the City of Manchester, Engineers, and
JOHN WILLIAM WILSON, of Barnsley, in the County of York, Timber Mer-
chant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said William Galloway, John Galloway, and John William Wilson, Her special
license that we, the said William Galloway, John Galloway, and John Wil-
liam Wilson, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,
the said William Galloway, John Galloway, and John William Wilson, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said William Galloway, John Galloway, and John William Wilson,
our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or
their, or one of our or their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Galloway, John Galloway,
and John William Wilson, do hereby declare the nature of our said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, (that is to
say):-
The nature of our Invention consists, first, in an improved combination and
arrangement of parts forming a vertical steam boiler, wherein two or more
sets or stories of tubes connected by water chambers are employed, or can be
introduced.
Secondly, in applying two water chambers to the flues of horizontal boilers

page_text: with two furnaces, such water chambers being placed beyond and near the
bridge.
Thirdly, in connecting a water bridge by vertical tubes to the upper part of
the flue.
Fourthly, in applying glasses to the shell of the boiler, through one of which
light is reflected, and through the other the interior of the boiler can be
examined.
Fifthly, in applying a glass plate to the end of the boiler through which
the level of the water can be seen.
And, lastly, in various improvements relating to safety valves.
And in order that-our- Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into effect, we will proceed to describe the accompanying Two Sheets
of Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters marked thereon.
On Sheet 1, Fig. 1, is an elevation in section; and Fig. 2 is a plan also in
section, of one of our improved vertical steam boilers.. a, is the outer casing,
which is furnished with two side chambers a', the object of which is, by
providing passages for a down current of water to improve the circulation;
a is the inner casing of the boiler; b, b, are two fire-grates supplied with fuel
through separate doors, and divided by the midfeather or water-space c, com-
municating above with the lower water chamber d, and at each side with the
water between the outer and inner casings of the boiler; e, is a set of tubes
connecting the water chanıber d with the chamber f; g, is another set of
tubes connecting the chamber f with the upper chamber h; and i is a third
set of tubes, connecting the water chamber h with the top of the inner casing
of the boiler, to which is connected the funnel k. The upper and lower water
chambers are connected by the conical tube i, and a man-hole is introduced
in the upper part of the chamber h for facilitating repairs, and for cleaning.
We prefer to make the tubes i rather larger than the tubes g, and the
tubes g rather larger than the tubes e; but we do not intend to limit ourselves
to any particular size of tubes.
The mode of operation is as follows:-The products of combustion rising
from the furnaces impinge against the under side of the lower water chamber d,
and are guided through the space left between its circumference and the inner
casing of the boiler; they then circulate around the tubes e, and pass through
the space left between the conical tube and the opening in the centre of the
water chamber f, they then circulate around the tubes g, and pass between
the circumference of the upper chamber h, and the interior of the inner casing,
after which they circulate around the tubes i, and thence pass through the
funnel to the chimney. We wish to observe that the partition c between

page_text: the two fire grates may be of fire brick if preferred, and that when it is a water
space as shewn in the Drawing. vertical pipes open to the atmosphere or con-
nected to a blast, are or may be introduced for supplying air to assist combus-
tion; it is also apparent that a single stationary or revolving fire grate may
be employed instead of the double one shewn.
Fig. 3 is an elevation in section, and Fig. 4 a plan of a modification of our
improved vertical boiler. In this arrangement the fire-grate b is supported on
rollers b', and is turned slowly round by any convenient mechanism as is well
understood; the pipe b in the centre of the grate is open to the atmosphere
to supply air for assisting the combustion of the fuel, and this pipe and the
outer circumference of the grate are furnished with a casing of fire bricks;
the products of combustion act first on the under side of the water chamber f.
and after passing through the opening in its centre circulate around the
tubes g. water chamber h. and tubes i: from thence they proceed to the funnel
and chimney there are two man-holes in the water chamber h, by removing
which access can be had to all parts of the boiler; Fig. 5 is an elevation in
section, and Fig. 6 a plan of another modification of our improved vertical
boiler. In this arrangement two fire-grates bare shewn as in Fig. 1, divided
by a midfeather or water space c, and the water chamber h is made with an
opening through its centre which, when the boiler is at work, is closed by a
slab of fire-brick or other suitable material h¹. This can be removed with
facility for cleaning or repairing. The products of combustion act as described
in reference to the preceding Figure.
Fig. 7 is an elevation in section, and Fig. 8 a plan, of another modification
of our improved vertical boilers. In this arrangement the products of com-
bustion rising from the two fire-grates b, b, divided by the water space c, pass
through the opening in the water chamber f, and then through the radiating
horizontal tubes g, thence between the water chamber h and the inner casing
of the boiler, and around the tubes i, some of which are conical, and thence
to the funnel and chimney. The chamber h is connected to the water par-
tition c by the conical tube j.
We have in the foregoing Figures given several modifications of our
improvements in vertical boilers, but we do not intend to limit ourselves thereto
as the system of connecting water chambers by sets of tubes may be con-
siderably varied and modified.
On Sheet 2, Fig. 9 is a section of a boiler, to which our improvements in
horizontal boilers and in safety valves are applied. Fig. 10 is a plan partly
in section of the same; Fig. 11 is an end elevation, and Fig. 12 a transverse
section of the same boiler. Figs. 13 and 14 are detached views on an

page_text: enlarged scale of parts of our improvements, and Figs. 15 and 16 are detached
views of the safety valves.
In Figs. 9 and 10, 1, 1, are two furnaces of the ordinary construction, sepa-
rated by a mid-feather or water space 1; m, the bridge, which may either be
made of fire-brick as usual, or a water chamber as shewn; and n is the flue
furnished with conical vertical tubes. Beyond and near the bridge are the
two water chambers o, o, projecting from the sides of the flue; the object of
which is to divert the currents of the products of combustion, and thus to
increase the consumption of the smoke. We wish to observe that we do not
intend to limit ourselves to the use of two water chambers as shewn, as addi-
tional chambers, such as o, o, may be applied in various parts of the flue.
To the upper part of the water bridge m are connected the lower ends of the
vertical pipes p, shewn also by dotted lines in Fig. 12. The upper parts of
these pipes, which are tapered by preference, are connected to the flue n, thus
insuring a circulation of water through the bridge.
Our improvements in applying glasses to boilers are shewn in Figs. 9, 10,
11, 13, and 14. On referring to these-views the glass marked q is the one
through which light is to be reflected by a jet of gas or otherwise, and the
glass r is the one through which the interior of the boiler can be examined;
both these glasses may be magnifying or plain, but they must be of con-
siderable strength to resist the pressure of the steam in the boiler. By means
of these two glasses the interior of the boiler can be seen while the boiler is at
work. The glasses may either be placed in the end of the boiler as shewn in
Figs. 9, 11, and 13, or in the shell of the boiler as shewn in Figs. 10 and 14.
Our improvement in applying a glass plate to the end of the boiler through
which the level of the water can be seen is shewn in Fig. 11. On referring
to which view it will be seen that we apply a narrow strip of glass s of about
the length of the usual glass water tube to the end of the boiler. This narrow
plate of glass is secured to the boiler in the manner shewn in Fig. 13, or by
any other convenient means, and it will indicate the level of the water in the
same manner as the ordinary glass tube; while the fixings, taps, and detached
glass tubes or plates are entirely dispensed with.
Our improvements in safety valves are shewn in reference to Figs. 9, 15,
and 16. The safety valve shewn in section at the left-hand side of Fig. 9, and
in elevation in Fig. 15, is arranged in the following manner:-t is the valve
box containing a duplex valve of the usual construction. This valve is
weighted by the lever u. The bent tube
the shell of the boiler, and the steam from the boiler has free access to the
tube, the other end of which is connected to the under side of a ram, piston
is secured to the valve box t, or to

page_text: or disc contained in the box 16, the upper end of the ram piston, or disc
being in connection with the under side of the weighted lever u. When
the pressure of steam in the boiler is sufficiently great to raise the ram, piston,
or disc in the box w, the lever u raises the safety valve any required distance
off its seatings, and holds it open until the pressure of steam is reduced to
lower the ram, piston, or disc in the box ; thus allowing a free escape of
steam from the valve. The safety valve shewn near the right-hand end of the
boiler is provided with two flat valves of the usual construction marked ' and
t3, the former opening inwards and latter outwards; both these valves are
connected to the weighted lever u, which is acted upon by a ram, piston, or
disc in the box w, to which the bent tube is connected as before described;
by this means when the lever is raised the valve is lowered, and the
valve raised off their seatings to allow the steam to escape.
The safety valve shewn in section on the centre of the boiler Fig. 9 and in
side elevation in Fig. 16 is of the usual construction, and is combined with
the water float to let off steam in case of deficiency of water. x is the water
float, the rod of which, afier passing through the shell of the boiler, is con-
nected to a chain passing over the wheel y; the axle of this wheel forms the
plug of a tap v¹ in the bent tube v. This bent tube conveys the steam to the
under side of the disc or flexible diaphragm, the upper side of which is in
connection with the lever ; by this arrangement the safety valve is opened
in the ordinary manner when the pressure of steam exceeds the desired
limits, and it is held open by the descent of the float x, which opens the tap v¹
in the bent tube v, and admits the steam to the under side of the disc v³, when
the water descends below its proper working level.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention, and described the manner
of performing the same, we declare that we claim,-
First, the improved vertical steam boilers as shewn and described in
reference to the various Figures on Sheet 1, and particularly the combination
of two or more sets or stories of tubes connected by water chambers.
Secondly, the application and use of water chambers to the flues of horizontal
steam boilers, in the manner and for the purposes described in reference to
Figs. 9 and 10.
Thirdly, the combination of tubes and water bridges as shewn and described
in reference to Figs. 9, 10, and 12.
Fourthly, the application and use of glasses to the end or shell of steam
boilers, whereby the interior thereof may be examined, as shewn and described
in reference to Figs. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14.
Fifthly, the application and use of a glass plate to the end or side of a

page_text: steam boiler for ascertaining the level of the water, as shewn and described in
reference to Fig. 11.
Sixthly, the application and use of a tube connected to a ram, piston, or
disc for opening safety valves, as shewn and described in reference to Figs. 9
and 15
And, lastly, the improved combined steam and low-water safety valve, as
shewn and described in reference to Figs. 9 and 16.
In witness whereof, 1, the said William Galloway, have hereto set my
hand and seal, this Fifth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
WILLIAM GALLOWAY. (L.S.)