Method of and Means for the Production of Hollow Metal Ingots.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 27th June, 1892
Complete Specification Left, 27th Mar., 1893-Accepted, 13th May, 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Method of and Means for the Production of Hollow Metal Ingots.
I, GEORGE HATTON, of Hagley, in the County of Worcester, Iron & Steel
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
I employ an ingot mould which I place upon a bottom plate, having an opening
or hole through it similar in size and shape to one end of the opening or hole
which it is desired to produce in the ingot of metal about to be made.
ingot mould upon this bottom plate in such a position that the hole referred to
shall occupy a central or other desired position to the mould.
place the
I provide a tapered iron or steel core bar preferably hollow (though it may in-
some cases be solid) having its lower and larger end of a size that allows it to just
pass through the opening or hole in the bottom plate.
The core bar having been prepared by coating it with foundry blacking, gannister,
or other suitable material, is placed in such a position in the mould, either by
suspending it by an attachment to its upper end or by resting it upon a loose
support within or below the opening or hole in the bottom plate, so that in either
case its lower end enters and closes the hole in the bottom plate.
In filling the mould from the top the hot metal is poured into the mould and
around the core bar and when sufficiently full the mould may be closed down at the
top with sand &c. in the usual way. The well-known method of filling the mould
from the bottom by means of firebrick runner bricks recessed into the bottom
plate may also be employed and in this case I prefer to close in the top of the
nould with the exception of an opening of a size just sufficient to admit of the
upper end of the core bar projecting upwards through it.
So soon as the metal has sufficiently solidified force down the taper core bar
with an hydraulic ram or other suitable meaus, causing its lower or larger end to
pass down into or through the hole in the bottom plate thus disengaging it from the
hot ingot after which the mould is lifted off in the usual way leaving the ingot free
for removal.
Though I prefer to employ my invention in the foregoing manner it is quite
practicable to reverse the position of the mould and core bar that is to say, to place
the smaller ends of both the mould and the core bar at the bottom and the larger
ends at the top in which case it is necessary to force the core bar from below
upwards in order to disengage it from the ingot, or the ingot may be driven
downwards over the core bar, so long as in each case the core bar is disengaged at
the right time, that is to say, as soon as possible after the metal in the mould is
sufficiently solidified.
Dated this 25th day of Time 1905
.GEORGE HATTON.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Method of and Means for the Production of Hollow Metal Ingots.
I, GEORGE HATTON of Emscote Lodge, Warwick in the County of Warwick
(& formerly of Hagley in the County of Worcester) Iron & Steel Manufacturer
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
I employ an ingot mould, which I place upon a bottom plate having an opening

page_text: or hole through it similar in size and shape to one end of the opening or hole which
it is desired to produce in the ingot of metal about to be made. I place the ingot
mould upon this bottom plate, in such a position that the hole referred to shall
occupy a central or other desired position to the mould.
I provide a tapered iron or steel core bar preferably hollow (though it may in
some cases be solid) having its lower and larger end of a size that allows it to just
pass through the opening or hole in the bottom plate.
The core bar having been prepared by coating it with foundry blacking, gannister
or other suitable material, is placed in such a position in the mould, either by
suspending it by an attachment to its upper end, or by resting it upon a loose
support, within or below the opening or hole in the bottom plate, so that in either
case its lower end enters and closes the hole in the bottom plate.
In filling the mould from the top the hot metal is poured into the mould, and
around the core bar, and when sufficiently full the mould may be closed down at the
top with sand &c. in the usual way. The well-known method of filling the mould
from the bottom by means of firebrick runner bricks recessed into the bottom plate
may also be employed, and in this case I prefer to close in the top of the mould
with the exception of an opening of a size just sufficient to admit of the upper end
of the core bar projecting upwards through it.
So soon as the metal has sufficiently solidified I force down the taper core bar
with an hydraulic ram or other suitable means, causing its lower or larger end to
pass down into or through the hole in the bottom plate thus disengaging it from the
hot ingot after which the mould is lifted off in the usual way leaving the ingot free
for removal.
Figure 1. shews the application of my invention to open top ingot moulds in
which case the molten metal is poured into the moulds and around the core bars
from the top.
Figures 2, 3 & 4. shew the application of my invention to closed top ingot
moulds in which case the molten metal is run into the mould from the bottom by
means of runner bricks conveying the metal from a central runner pipe or open top
ingot mould.
A, A, A, in each case represents the ingot mould. B, B, is the bottom plate
supporting the mould having a hole C, through its centre. D is the core bar its
lower or larger end of a size that allows it to pass downwards through the hole C
in the bottom plate. E, E, are the firebrick runners and F the central runner pipe
down which the metal is poured when filling the moulds from the bottom.
G is a hydraulic ram working in a cylinder H which may be attached to and
carried by a travelling carriage as shewn in Figure 2. or by any suitable means.
I, I, shew clamps for holding the core bar in position in the mould.
The method of procedure is as follows:-The core bar D having been coated
with foundry blacking or other preparation is placed in position in the mould.
The molten metal is now either poured into the mould from the top or run in from
the bottom. The hydraulic ram G is now brought into position over the core bar
and by means of such ram the moment the metal in the mould has sufficiently
reached solidification but while still hot the core bar is forced downwards through
the bottom plate thus disengaging it from the ingot and leaving the ingot hollow
where the core has been.
Though I have described a hydraulic ram as the means employed for forcing out
the core bar I do not confine myself to this particular appliance, a steam ram or
steam hammer or other suitable application of power may be employed when
preferred:
Though prefer to employ my invention in the foregoing manner it is quite
practicable to reverse the position of the mould and core-bar that is to say to place
the smaller ends of both the mould and the core-bar at the bottom, and the larger
ends at the top in which case it is necessary to force the core bar from below
upwards in order to disengage it from the ingot or the ingot may be driven
´downwards over the core bar, so long as in each case, the core bar is disengaged at

page_text: the right time, that is to say, as soon as possible after the metal in the mould is
sufficiently solidified.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. The method of manufacturing hollow metal ingots wherein the core is removed
from the ingot while it still remains hot from the casting process substantially as
herein described.
2. In the manufacture of hollow metal ingots the employment of a core either
solid or hollow which is removed while the ingot still remains hot from the casting
process substantially as herein described and shewn.
3. In the manufacture of hollow metal ingots the employment of a hydraulic
ram or other suitable application of power for the purpose of forcing out the
core bar from the ingot while such ingot still remains hot substantially as herein
described.
4. In the manufacture of hollow metal ingots the combination of the mould A,
the bottom plate B, having the hole C, and the core bar D, substantially as herein
described and shewn.
Dated this 25th day of March 1802
GEORGE HATTON.