Improvements in the Manufacture and Production of Stoneware Sanitary Pipes and the like.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 6th June, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 5th Mar., 1894-Accepted, 5th May, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture and Production of Stoneware
Sanitary Pipes and the like.
I, HOSEA TUGBY of Briton Pottery and Sanitary Works, Moira, Ashby-de-la-
Zouch in the County of Leicester Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of
my invention to be as follows :-
The object of my invention is to provide stoneware sanitary pipes and the like
which can be very firmly connected together by sound joints without the chipping
process which has bitherto been adopted in order to remove the glaze from the
pipes at the places where the cement or composition is to be applied at the joint.
According to my invention after the pipes are formed and whilst they are in the
green state 1 apply to the exterior of the spigot end and to the interior of the
socket end a covering or protecting material which will protect these parts from
the glazing and leave them in an unglazed condition.
This may be conveniently done by placing them together with the spigot end of
one pipe in the socket end of the next pipe filling the space between the spigot and
socket with a protective material such as dry clay and sand. The endmost socket
and spigot ends may have a ring applied thereto to retain the protective material.
I prefer to somewhat cone or bevil the spigot ends and to form in them and also in
the socket ends whilst the pipes are in the green state grooves or recesses either
longitudinally circumferentially or otherwise.
When the burnt and glazed pipes are removed from the kiln and from each
other the outside of the spigot ends and the inside of the socket ends with which
the cement or composition is to come into contact will be in an unglazed condition
whilst the remaining parts will be glazed. In joining the lengths of pipes together
the cement or composition adheres firmly to the unglazed surfaces and a firm and
tight joint is made without chipping.
The spigots and sockets may be either single or double jointed the extent of the
unglazed parts being in accordance with the depth of joint required.
Dated this 6th day of June 1893
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture and Production of Stoneware
Sanitary Pipes and the like.
I, HOSEA TUGBY of Briton Pottery and Sanitary Works, Moira, Ashby-de-la-
Zouch, in the County of Leicester, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of my invention is to provide stoneware sanitary pipes and the like
which can be very firmly connected together by sound joints without the chipping
process which has hitherto been adopted in order to remove the glaze from the
pipe at the places where the cement or composition is to be applied at the joint.
According to my invention after the pipes are formed, and whilst they are in
the green state apply to the exterior of the spigot end and to the interior of

page_text: the socket end a covering or protecting material which will protect these parts
from the glazing and leave them in an unglazed condition.
This may be conveniently done by placing them together with the spigot end
of one pipe in the socket end of the next pipe filling the space between the
spigot and socket with a suitable protective material such as dry clay or sand or
both or the socket and spigot ends of the pipes may have a ring of plastic clay
or other suitable material applied thereto to protect the parts from the glazing
material. I prefer to somewhat cone or bevil the spigot ends of the pipes and
to form in them and also in the socket ends whilst the pipes are in the green
state. grooves or recesses either longitudinally circumferentially or otherwise.
When the burnt and glazed pipes are removed from the kiln and from each other
the outside of the spigot ends and the inside of the socket ends with which the
cement or composition is to come into contact (in making the joints between the
lengths of pipes) will be in an unglazed condition whilst the remaining parts of
the pipe will be glazed. Therefore in joining the lengths of pipes together the
cement or composition adheres firmly to the unglazed surfaces and a firm and
watertight joint is made without the process of chipping the pipes being
resorted to.
The spigots and sockets may be either single or double jointed the extent of the
unglazed parts being in accordance with the depth of joint required.
In order that my invention may be well understood I will further describe the
same with reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate lengths of
drain pipe constructed according to my invention. Each length of pipe is shewn
as being formed with a socket A at one end to receive the spigot end B of the
adjoining pipe.
Before subjecting the pipes to the glazing process the surfaces of the parts which
are to be connected together are according to my invention protected from the
glaze by suitable material such as dry clay or sand or a ring or rings of plastic
clay or other suitable substance which may be effected as shewn in Figure 1 by
inserting the spigot ends B of the pipes in the sockets of adjacent pipes and filling
the spaces a between the interior surfaces of the sockets A and the exterior surfaces
of the spigots with dry sand or other suitable protecting substance. The said
protecting substance can be retained in place by a ring of plastic clay a¹. Any
number of lengths of pipe which the glazing kiln will take may be thus superposed
in the said kiln and the spigot end of the length of pipe at the lower end of the
series may be protected from the glaze by providing a ring of suitable material
round the said spigot as shewn at Figure 2 and filling the space between the said
ring and the spigot with protecting material such as sand or the like.
In like manner a ring c may be inserted in the socket A of the length of pipe at
the upper end of the series and protecting material be filled in between the said
ring and the interior surface of the socket as shewn in Figure 3. By this means
the whole of the interior and exterior surfaces of the lengths of pipe may be
glazed in the ordinary manner except at the parts where the pipes are to be
connected together which parts are protected from the glaze whereby the cement
by which the pipes are connected adheres with great tenacity which is not the
case where these parts are glazed as in the ordinary manner. The spigot ends of
the pipes are preferably made conical and grooved or fluted as shewn in Figure 4
the interior of the socket A being if desired also grooved or fluted longitudinally
as also shewn in Figure 4. Or if desired circumferential grooves d may be made
in the interior of the socket A and also on the exterior surface of the spigot as
shewn in Figure or each length of pipe may have longitudinal grooves or flutes
on the spigot end and circumferential grcoves in the socket as shewn in Figure 6
or vice versa, these grooves or flutings serving to key the cement by which the
pipes are connected and ensure firm and water tight joints. Figure 7 shews a
double jointed connection between two lengths of pipe. In this arrangement the
end of the spigot may be reduced in diameter on the exterior as shewn at f the
said reduced end in joining the lengths of pipes before being inserted in

page_text: the socket A of the adjoining pipe being surrounded by any suitable waterproof
composition as at f' the inner part of the socket itself also being surrounded by
like composition as at f³. The outer end of the socket A is closed as shewn
ath with any suitable stiff cement leaving an annular space between the said
cement and the waterproof composition ff. This annular space i is then filled
in with a sufficiently fluid cement introduced through an opening k provided in the
socket for the purpose, the said fluid cement filling up the grooves and crevices
which may exist in the spigot and socket thus making a thoroughly air and water-
tight double sealed or locked joint. Instead of reducing the spigot end of the pipe
as last described it may be simply made slightly conical as before described and
secured therein by waterproof composition as shewn in Figure 8 and the joint
finished in the manner described with reference to Figure 7. Or as shewn in
Fig. 9 the bole k in the socket A may be dispensed with and the joint be made
shorter than as shewn in Figs. 7 & 8. In this case the inner part of the socket A
and the exterior of the spigot of the adjoining length of pipe are surrounded by
water-proof composition and the spigot B inserted in the socket A as before
described. The space i between the water-proof cement and the outer end of the
socket is then filled through the outer end of the socket with cement thereby
making an air and water tight double sealed or locked joint as before. I have
illustrated and described pipes provided with conical spigots and sockets having
grooves or flutings but the invention is not restricted thereto as ordinary stoneware
pipes may be treated as described so as to protect their ends and sockets where
they are to be connected together from the glaze in the glazing process.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Stoneware or like pipes for sanitary or other purposes having formed on
one end a socket internally fluted or grooved in the direction of the length of the
pipe or having at the other end a conical spigot similarly grooved or fluted on the
exterior or having both the sockets and spigots so formed substantially as herein-
before described with reference to Figures 4 and 6 of the accompanying drawings.
2. Stoneware or like pipes for sanitary and other purposes having the interior
surface or the interior and exterior surfaces glazed except at the parts where they
are to be connected together the said parts being protected from the glaze during
the process of burning substantially as hereinbefore described.
3. Stoneware or like pipes for sanitary or other purposes having sockets grooved
or fluted in the interior and spigots grooved or fluted or both grooved or fluted
and tapered on the exterior the interior of the sockets and the exterior surfaces of
the spigots being unglazed substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore
described.
4. Stoneware or like pipes for sanitary or other purposes having double jointed
spigot and socket connections the parts which are connected together being
unglazed and grooved or fluted and connected together by means of composition
and cement substantially in the manner hereinbefore described with reference to
Figures 78 & 9.
5. In the manufacture of glazed pipes for sanitary and other purposes means
whereby during the glazing process the parts which are to be connected together
are shielded or protected from the glaze substantially as and for the purpose
hereinbefore described.
Dated this 5th day of March 1894.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
Agents.