An Improved Process for Preserving Milk.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Feb., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 17th Nov., 1891-Accepted, 9th Jan., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Process for Preserving Milk.
We, JOSEPH OAKHILL, of Oxford Street, Kingsdown, in the City and County
of Bristol, Dairyman, and RICHARD HOWARD LEAKER, of Montague Villa,
Kingsdown Parade, Bristol, aforesaid, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows :-
This invention consists in a process for treating milk whereby it is rendered'
capable of preservation in a sound state as hereinafter set forth. According to
this invention, the milk, as obtained from the cow, is charged into an airtight jar,.
bottle, or other vessel suitable for containing it, which vessel after receiving the
milk is hermetically sealed. The vessel is not quite fully charged, but nearly so.
After sealing, the vessel is immersed in a steam or fire heated bath of water
the temperature of which is gradually raised to a degree sufficient to destroy the
germs of decomposition contained in the milk within the vessel. For this a
temperature of approximately 200° Fahrenheit suffices. The vessel is then cooled
down and finally placed in or upon a refrigerating apparatus whereby the
temperature of the milk is lowered to about 32° Fahrenheit. After being
subjected to the lowered temperature for a sufficient time to enable the milk to be
thoroughly cooled the vessel is removed from the refrigerating apparatus, and
while the vessel remains unsealed the milk therein remains in a sound and.
unimpaired state.
Dated this 17th day of February 1901
NICHOLAS WATTS,
Bristol Bank Buildings, Bristol, Agent..
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Process for Preserving Milk.
We, JOSEPH OAKHILL, of Oxford Street, Kingsdown, in the City and County-
of Bristol, Dairyman, and RICHARD HOWARD LEAKER, of Montague Villa,
Kingsdown Parade, Bristol, aforesaid, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly.
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention consists in a process for treating milk so as to render it capable.
of preservation in a sound state.
According to this invention, the milk, as obtained from the cow, is placed in a
vessel which after being charged is made air-tight. The vessel is then partially
immersed in a bath of water heated by steam or fire and the water is gradually
raised to a temperature sufficient to destroy or render inert the germs of decomposi-.
tion in the milk. For this a temperature of about 200° Fahrenheit suffices.
bath is then allowed to cool down and thereafter the vessel containing the milk is
placed in a cold water bath or refrigerating apparatus and the milk is cooled to.
about 32° Fahrenheit.
The
Milk thus treated remains in a sound and unimpaired state while the vessel
continues unopened and is fit for use at such time as it may be required.
Referring to the accompanying sheets of illustrative drawings,
Fig. 1 represents, partly in elevation and partly in section, apparatus arranged.
for preserving milk according to the process in which this invention consists.
Fig. 2 is a plan of Fig. 1.
The milk for preservation is, as obtained from the cow, placed in a vessel which.

page_text: is then made airtight. This vessel may be a jar, bottle or other suitable container,
but the form of vessel which we prefer is a churn" such as o. The vessel, which
is not fully charged, but nearly so, is partially immersed in a bath of water which
is heated by steam or fire.
In the drawing the former method of heating is illustrated, the steam being
obtained from a boiler b and delivered to act below the bottom of the water
chamber c.
In this bath the temperature of the milk is gradually raised to approximately
200° Fahrenheit, a degree of heat which suffices to destroy or render inert the
germs of decomposition contained in the milk. The churn a, of which enlarged
views are shown at Figs. 3 and 4, is provided with a special closing device for
keeping it airtight. This consists of a spring which engages at one end with a
catch the other end being sprung down over the lip and secured by a joint hasp/
and plate staple g. The spring d bears on the cover holding it down on an
india-rubber washer i surmounting the churn a.
In the process of heating the milk the latter rises in the vessel and with the
gases generated forces up the cover h, overcoming the spring d.
After escape
of the said gases the cover returns to its scat and is kept down by the spring d
assisted by atmospheric pressure acting on the top of the cover.
After having been heated as and for the purpose aforesaid the milk is allowed to
cool gradually and thereafter the churn a with its contents is placed in a vessel
such as charged with cold water. At Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawing is illustrated
a series of such cooling baths so arranged that the water flows from the first to
the next in succession and so on throughout the series.
By immersion of the churn a in cold water, or by otherwise cooling it, the milk
is cooled to a temperature of approximately 32° Fahrenheit. The churn is then
removed from the cold bath and the milk it contains remains in an unimpaired
state and while the vessel remains unopened the milk continues sound.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is: :―
1. An improved process of preserving milk under which the milk is charged
into a suitable vessel which, after having been made airtight, is subjected to the
action of heat approximately 200° Fahrenheit-sufficient to destroy or render
inert the germs of decomposition in the milk, the said vessel being subsequently
cooled and immersed in a cold water bath whereby the temperature of the milk is
lowered to about 32° Fahrenheit, substantially as hereinbefore described with
reference to the accompanying drawings.
2. Apparatus for use in preserving milk, constructed and arranged substantially
as hereinbefore described and shown in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 13th day of November 1891
NICHOLAS WATTS,
Bristol Bank Buildings, Bristol, Agent.