IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING TELEGRAPHS
Year: 1886

page_text: I, JACOB HAYES LINVILLE, of the City and County of Philadelphia, in the State
of Pennsylvania, United States of America, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING TELEGRAPHS, and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to a printing telegraph system and apparatus of the class
in which rotating type wheels controlled by escapements are used in connection
with impression devices operated by electro-magnetic devices; and the object of
my invention being to print messages, stock reports and other financial or
commercial matters with increased rapidity and accuracy in page form on sheets
of paper or upon continuous rolls of paper, in lines, in paragraphs, or columns, that
is to say, telegraphically printing messages, stock reports &c., similar in form and
arrangement, on the transmitting instrument simultaneously with their transmission
to a receiving instrument or printing on instruments which may be combined or
which may be so organized as to be operated interchangeably as a transmitter or
receiver or which may be so arranged as to be operated as an independent trans-
mitter or receiver; the change from a combined transmitting instrument to a
receiving instrument being readily and effectively accomplished without auxiliary
gearing or motive power through the manipulation of a switch, as hereinafter fully
described.
My invention consists, generally in the organization of the following systems of
apparatus and of combining in one or more instruments all or any of the specific
features as may be desired for the particular purposes and embracing,
Firstly-Controlling the motion or movement of the type wheel or wheels by
single or multiple double pallets "dead beat" or wedge escapements on one type
wheel shaft with single or double escape wheels actuated by suitable mechanism
or motive power such as 'a train of gearing moved by springs or weights or by an
electro motor.
Secondly Electrical devices and mechanism for closing the printing circuit
consisting of a peculiar and novel construction of a compound relay with compound
armatures linked to a relay tongue, the armatures vibrating when currents are
sent alternately through the respective branches of the electro magnets and the
relay tongue operating only when the circuits are closed simultaneously through
both electro magnets.

page_text: :-
Thirdly Devices or mechanism for holding the paper on which impressions are
to be made and consisting of a paper carriage traversing backward and forward on
and over a platform in rear of transmitting and receiving instruments or combined
instruments, provided with suitable feeding mechanism, for telegraphically printing
on flat sheets etc., from a continuous roll of paper or a vibrating segmental
paper carriage or segmental frame suspended on a vertical shaft secured to a fixed
support and vibrating in a circular arc contiguous to the type wheel or wheels and
with mechanism for feeding the paper step by step to space horizontally between
letters and line by line to space between lines through the vibratory movement
of the segmental paper carriage in front of the type wheels on both the trans-
mitter and receiver, the impressions being produced through the action of a
printing hammer impinging on the side of the paper opposite to the type wheel
or wheels. The shaft carrying the reciprocating segmental paper carriage, carries
also a paper roller which is hung in supports secured to this shaft and swings
backward and forward as the paper from the roll in a continuous sheet is vibrated
in front of the type wheel or wheels.
Fourthly:-Mechanism for bringing the paper carriages of any number of
receiving instruments into unison, for cutting out of circuit all of the instruments
connected in a.continuous circuit or circuits, and for closing the circuit or circuits
of such particular instruments as it may be desired to print the message on through
suitable mechanism and electrical devices operated from any transmitter in such
series of instruments.
Fifthly Automatic mechanism for releasing the paper carriages and for
returning the paper to the left hand margin, and mechanism operating auto-
matically for breaking the circuit of the main line and enabling the operator
transmitting to ascertain when the paper on the receiving instrument has reached
the margin.
Sixthly: Mechanical and electrical devices for detaching the escapements and
for changing the circuits to effect the change from a transmitting instrument to
a receiving instrument and vice versa.
Seventhly-A centrifugal adjustable governor for regulating and controlling the
speed of the machine and for other purposes which will be hereinafter more
particularly set forth.
Eightly-A unison device operating either separately or in conjunction with a
locking device, released by a compound or duplex relay that closes the impression
and paper feeding circuit or circuits.
Ninthly: A novel construction of indicator plate on a transmitting instrument
with circuit closing arms and character rods actuated by the depression of any
character key; and
Tenthly The organization of the electrical circuits for operating any or all of
the combined instruments as receivers from any transmitter in a series or for
operating any number of instruments organized as receivers on separate lines
radiating from a transmitter located at a central station.
A key board secured to the base plate of the instrument is arranged somewhat
similar to the key board of a type-writing machine, with buttons on which are
engraved letters, figures, punctuation marks &c., with blank and unison keys, a
blank key for spacing between words, a unison key for releasing the insulated rod,
a key for releasing the unison rod and latch, a key for spacing between lines, a key
for releasing the paper carriage at any point in its excursion, a key for spacing
between lines at any point in the excursion of the paper carriage, a key for
releasing the unison of the individualizing circuit breaker and a key for dupli-
cating letters.
The type wheels have letters, figures, punctuation marks, and blank and unison
spaces, corresponding to the characters, figures &c., on the key board.
The escapement electro-magnets as hereinafter more fully explained, being cut
out of circuit in the transmitting instrument, when transmitting, they remain
inactive. A circuit breaker connected with the indicator shaft or it may be con

page_text: nected with the type wheel shaft sends battery currents of one polarity from a
line battery successively through the respective lines energizing alternately the
respective escapement electro magnets of the instruments used as a receiver.
At each electrical impulse the type wheel of the receiving instrument moves one
character and at each break of the circuit it moves one character, so that twice as
many characters can be printed as there are electrical impulses sent over the lines
and the speed of transmission which is determined by the number of electrical
impulses practicable over one line is increased in proportion to the number of lines
and escapements.
°
The escape wheels, unison spiral disc wheel and serrated wheel, are attached to
a loose sleeve on the type wheel shaft and remain idle while the machine is being
used as a transmitting instrument, but are connected to the type wheel shaft by a
clutch movable on a feather or pin in said shaft when the instrument is used as a
receiver, and the circuits changed by a suitable switching device as will be herein-
after more fully explained.
The paper carriage carrying the roll of paper upon which impressions are to be
made traverses backward and forward on and over a platform extending from the
rear of the transmitting or receiving instruments or combined instruments and
supports the paper rollers, circuit interrupting switches, feeding rollers and
mechanism operating therewith, and having guides for supporting the paper in
a vertical position behind the type wheel and contiguous thereto, so that the
impressions made upon the paper occupy an unobstructed view at all times in
front of the operator of a transmitting instrument or the paper carriage may be a
vibrating cylindrical segment or segmental frame with considerable radius sus-
pended on a vertical shaft secured to a fixed support and vibrating in a circular
arc contiguous to the type wheel or wheels. The larger the radius of the cylin-
drical segment, the flatter will be the sheet of paper and the easier and more
effective will be the operation of feeding continuous sheets from a roll, and
impressions recorded on a receiving instrument will in like manner be visible to
and convenient for reference by recipients, thereby rendering the invention
especially valuable for recording long messages, stock quotations, etc.
When a series of page printing telegraph instruments are employed on continuous
telegraphic lines it becomes necessary to bring the respective paper carriages to
unison, in order that all the instruments may commence spacing letters in a line
from similar points with reference to the margin of the paper on all of the instru-
ments. To accomplish this result it is essentially requisite to lock each paper
carriage at a predetermined point, or preferably at the end of its retrograde
movement, and to maintain it in such position until all the carriages in the series
are in similar positions and then by simultaneously releasing the respective
carriages to cause them to travel in unison.
It is essential in printing telegraphs to provide means whereby a transmitting
operator may be capable of cutting out of circuit all the receiving instruments in
a series, and of connecting in circuit ad libitum, the particular receiving instruments
in the series on which it may be desired to record the impressions.
Without a unison device, page printing in paragraphs in columns, &c., in a series
of connected instruments is impracticable, and without a "cut out" and circuit
closing device to individualize the instruments the same message would be printed'
simultaneously on all the instruments, involving expensive waste, unnecessary
resistance in the circuit, and an appreciable increase of battery currents, and
especially obviating the essential requirement of secrecy in transmission.
To overcome these objectionable features is one of the objects of my invention,
which I accomplish by utilizing the force of the recoiling paper carriage for breaking
the circuit through the operative electro magnets of the receiving instruments at
the moment the left hand margin of the paper has been reached, and automatically
shunting the line circuits by branch lines running in reverse directions through
the coils of a differential electro magnet; one coil of which electro magnet revolves
the circuit closers by a step by step or ratchet movement, and when these circuit

page_text: closers are revolved to a predetermined point in their peripheries they close the
main lines around the "break" and through the electro magnets of any instrument
to which it may be desired to transmit a message, leaving the remaining receivers
in the series inoperative, or they close the circuits of all the instruments in the
series simultaneously after the paper carriages have been brought to unison.
Motion is imparted to the revolving circuit closers by a differential electro
magnet in the branch circuit through which is sent over one line a number of
electrical pulsations, corresponding to the number of the instrument in the line
which it is desired to bring into circuit, or to print on, numbering, of course, from
a terminal station. One pulsation brings a single metallic bearing on the insulated
circuit wheels into contact with circuit springs which close the line around the
break to the instrument numbered say one, without, however, breaking the branch
circuit. Two pulsations break this circuit again in number one, rotating the
metallic bearing of number two into contact with its circuit closing springs, and so
on in succession, one instrument of a higher number is brought into circuit and the
preceding one disconnected until the instrument is reached on which it is desired
to print the message. This restores the main circuit through the circuit closing
device until one pulsation is sent simultaneously over both lines by the releasing
key or otherwise, which, while releasing the unison latch of the type wheels, closes
the local printing circuit operating to move the paper carriage one notch, thereby
breaking the branch main line circuit through the circuit closing electromagnet,
and restoring the original line to that particular instrument. The circuit breaker
to send pulsations is preferably a revolving circuit breaking wheel with as many
makes and breaks as there are instruments in the line, and with a registering dial
on which is indicated the number of instruments connected in series or otherwise.
A pointer on this dial indicates the number of pulsations sent to line and the
relative movement of all the circuit closing devices. The circuit in the transmitter
to this circuit breaker is a branch of the main line normally broken when the circuit
breaker is stopped on a break, or at zero.
After the transmission of a message, each individual operator turns his circuit
breaker to zero, thereby enabling any operator starting from the zero point to
revolve the circuit closers of all the instruments in the series until the desired
receiving instrument, as indicated on the dial operated is in circuit. All the instru-
ments, or any number, may be simultaneously connected by adjusting the circuit
closing contacts in the revolving discs so as to close the circuits simultaneously. To
bring the circuit closers to the same initial point or to unison, a mechanical device is
placed on the shaft of the circuit closers which locks it at a point corresponding with
the zero of the dial, and an ordinary electro magnet is placed in the first branch
circuit above mentioned, with both lines passing independently through its respective
coils rendering it inoperative by impulses on one line while the differential electro
magnet is rotating the circuit breaker, yet operative to release the unison latch when
impulses are sent on both lines rendering the differential electro magnet inoperative.
Since pulsations on both lines simultaneously render inert the differential electro
magnet, the contact on the circuit closer will not be moved when pulsations are
sent to move the paper carriage. The main line circuits in the transmitter are
broken at the main line circuit breaker when the type wheels stand at unison
during this operation.
The transmitting instrument may be organized similarly to the other instruments
and its circuit closers operated synchronously.
One of the main line circuits is normally connected through the coils of an
electro-magnet which responds only to prolonged impulses on this line, its armature
lever being linked to a rocking arm held laterally by fixed jaws, and through
This shaft
which a square shaft carried by the paper carriage freely moves..
actuates levers and pawls which at each impulse through this electro-magnet (at
any position of the paper,) revolves the feed rollers one notch, feeding the paper
the space between two lines. The other main line is normally connected through
another electro-magnet responding only to prolonged pulsations, the armature lever

page_text: of which electro magnet is coupled to a shaft to which the automatic device for
releasing the paper carriage is attached. One prolonged impulse on this line
releases the paper carriage at any point in its excursion, allowing it to recoil and
feed the paper a space between two lines.
In the accompanying drawings forming part hereof, the nature of my invention
will be found fully illustrated, in which
Figures 1 and 2, are respectively theoretical diagrammatic views, showing the
arrangement of the electrical circuits and operative mechanism embodying my
invention in combined transmitting and receiving instruments.
Fig. 3, is a longitudinal section of a combined transmitting and receiving instru-
ment, showing a transversely travelling paper carriage, and paper feeding and
individualizing mechanism.
Fig. 4, is a top or plan view of a transmitting instrument, showing the key
board and keys and operative mechanism embraced therein.
Fig. 5, is a longitudinal section of the operative mechanism embraced in a
combined instrument, showing a vibrating segmental paper carriage and paper
feeding and circuit interrupting mechanism.
Fig. 6, is a plan view of the spacing wheel, unison device and differential electro
magnet.
Fig. 7, is a front elevation of the same.
Figs. 8 and 9, are respectively, perspective views of two scape wheels secured to
the same shaft with their levers, pallets, armatures and electro magnets when both
circuits are interrupted and showing the teeth on the respective scape wheels
alternating with one another.
Figs. 10 and 11, are respectively front and side elevations of the centrifugal
adjustable governor, showing the connection of the adjusting rods and levers to
the commutator shaft.
Fig. 12, is an elevation from the inside of the vibrating segmental paper carriage
beyond the dotted line x, x, of fig. 14, showing the incline plane of circular segment
and concentric with the carriage, the circuit breaking springs and ratchet and paper
feeding wheels.
Fig. 13, is a detailed view of the vertical feeding ratchets and dogs.
Fig. 14, is a plan view of the vibrating segmental paper carriage with the cams,
dogs and automatic tripping devices, operated from the inside of the cylindrical
segment or segmental frame.
Fig. 15, is a plan view of the vibrating segmental paper carriage and automatic
tripping devices operated from the outside of said vibrating segmental paper
carriage.
Fig. 16, is a detailed view of the automatic tripping device..
Fig. 17, is a plan view showing the transmitting keys, and keys for spacing, for
releasing the insulated unison pin in the indicator plate, for releasing the unison
bow and the circuit changing switch and lever for shifting the clutch, for changing
the instrument from a transmitter to a receiver.
Fig. 18, is a plan view of the top plate of the machine, showing the type wheel,
adjusting screws, printing spring and inking roller.
Fig. 19, is a plan view showing the several electro magnets and operative devices
for controlling the type wheels and for effecting unison.
Fig. 20, is a top or plan view of the transversely travelling paper carriage and
mechanism operating therewith.
Fig. 21, is a top view, with the platform removed, showing the circuit breaker
and unison stop of the individualizing mechanism.
Fig. 22, is a rear elevation of the transversely travelling paper carriage and
mechanism and electro magnetic devices operating in conjunction therewith.
Fig. 23, is a detailed view of the unison fusee or spiral; and
Fig. 24, is a plan view of a double escapement with wedge pallets.
In order that the description and operation of the receiving instrument may be
fully appreciated, I will now describe by reference to the drawings the principal

page_text: features and elements embodying a transmitting instrument, and the mode of
transmitting currents of electricity to a receiving instrument.
A key-board B, rigidly secured to the base plate A, of the instrument, is arranged
somewhat similar to the key-board of a type-writing machine, with buttons
arranged in concentric ares, on which are engraved letters, figures, punctuation
marks, &c., with blank and unison keys also arranged in concentric arcs, with a
blank key b, for spacing between words, a unison key b¹, for releasing the insulated
rod 62, a key b³, for releasing the insulated unison rod 62, and unison latch d, a
key 65, for spacing between lines, a key b', for releasing the paper carriage A³, at
any point in its excursion, a key 66, for spacing between lines at any point in
the excursion of the paper carriage, a key b³, for releasing the unison of the indi-
vidualizing circuit breaker, and a key 69, for duplicating letters.
The type wheels C, have letters, figures, punctuation marks and blank and
unison spaces corresponding to the characters, figures, &c., on the key-board B.
The character keys arranged concentrically on the key-board B, operate bell
crank levers 610, resting upon a series of bearings 611, rigidly secured to the curved
guides 612, at different radii under the character keys and imparting longitudinal
motion to the respective series of rods 613, equal in number to the character keys
lying horizontally, and radiating from the same common centre in which is placed
a shaft 64, of the line circuit breaker. Concentric therewith is placed a metallic
segment of a cylinder 615, preferably perforated with square holes 616, in series
directly over each other and equally distant from one another, that is to say, from
centre to centre, the entire number of holes 610, being equal to the divisions on the
type wheels C.
These rods 613, pass through the curved guides 612, that form the steps therefor,
and are limited in their forward movement by shoulders 6", abutting against the
metallic segment 615, or pins 62, abutting against the fixed guides 612, the rods 6¹³,
being normally held back by spiral springs 619, against or connected with one
branch of the bell crank levers 610, the other branch supporting the key stems 630,
through which pass pins 618, limiting the backward throw of the character keys,
and rods 613, and thereby bringing the terminals of these rods clear of the interior
surface of the metallic segment 61. On the indicator shaft 614, carrying the circuit
breakers N, N¹, or the type wheel shaft c, or a shaft moving synchronously
therewith are as many metallic arms 620, as there are series of holes 616, in the
metallic segment 61, these arms 620, being secured to an insulated hub 61, on the
indicator shaft 614, and located in the same horizontal planes with the respective
banks of rods 6¹³, and on equal divisions of the circle corresponding with the
number of banks of these rods. One of these rods is a unison rod b³, and is not
operated by a character key, but has a backward motion to the forward one of a
character key, and vice versa, imparted to it by a rock shaft 62, with depending
arms 623, passing alongside of each radial line of rods 613, which is moved forward
by pins 64, in the rods b¹³, giving a reverse motion through a lever 625 on the same
shaft, and a link attachment 626, to the depending lever 62, which by a pin 628, on
the unison rod be, withdraws it upon the depression of any character key. The
end of the unison rod b³, passing through the metallic segment 61, is made of
insulating material.
On the indicator shaft 64, or a shaft moving synchronously therewith is a circuit
breaker or breakers N, N', single for single line instruments, and double for
instruments operated by double lines and escapements.
Motion is communicated to the horizontal shaft of the driving train by a weight
or it may be by a spring or suitable motor, which by bevel and intermediate
gearing, (as shown in figs. 3 and 5,) communicates motion to the indicator shaft 614,
and type wheel shaft c, geared together by wheels of similar diameter and moving
synchronously. The type wheel shaft c, as shown in figs. 3 and 5, may be so
arranged so as to perform the functions of this shaft, which indicator shaft 614, is
only employed as a substitute for the type wheel shaft c, to avoid crowding of the
surrounding parts and mechanism.

page_text: The circuit breakers N, N¹, are insulated from the indicator shaft 614, and from
each other, and each consists of a metallic hub on which is mounted a toothed disc
of metal with insulating discs on each side; the number of metallic teeth for
electrical contact with the circuit springs and the number of insulations on each
circuit breaker being equal respectively to one fourth the number of divisions on
the type wheel C. The contacts and insulations alternating on the two circuit
breakers with the insulations so extended that a make and break of the circuit of
one line must occur before the consecutive make and break of the other line.
The insulated circuit springs n, n¹, connect the main line battery W, with the
peripheral contacts which are in electrical connection with their respective metallic
hubs, and the insulated springs n³, n³, conduct the current from the hubs to
the lines 6, 7, resulting in "sending alternate pulsations of the same polarity
through the main line conductors when the shaft 6", and the type wheel shaft c,
revolve.
"
The centrifugal adjustable governor C¹, is driven by a pinion on its shaft c',
geared to the type wheel shaft c, and is the last member of the train of gearing.
Its construction and operation are such as to facilitate the starting of the train,
to regulate its speed and to prevent the recoil of the type wheel.
The cross arm c¹, of the governor is loose on its shaft c², and is adjusted to the
same by an adjustable spring c³, bearing against the side of a conical hub c',
secured to its shaft c. The cross arm c¹, of the governor has a grooved hub which
is supported by a forked arm c³, attached to a rod c, which extends through the
top plate A¹, of the instrument, and is adjustable by a milled nut turning in the
screw c¹³. The weighted arms c, c, when rotated, diverge in consequence of
the centrifugal force developed and press against the interior of the circular rim
of the cup c³, their bearing surfaces being covered with leather or ivory or any
other suitable material to regulate the friction.
A delicate helical spring c¹o, surrounds the weighted arms c', o, to prevent their
too sudden divergence in starting the apparatus. The adhesion of the governor to
the shaft c³, is entirely determined by the pressure of the spring o³, against the
conical hub c, aided preferably by a corresponding spring on the diametrically
opposite side of the conical hub. This pressure is adjustable by screws passing
through the spring into the arm o³, and also raising the governor by the screw c¹³,
which permit the spring c³, to bear on a portion of the conical hub c, having a
reduced diameter.
The vertical adjusting rod c, instead of being adjusted by a screw, can be
adjusted by a swivel nut c¹¹, introduced into and coupling with the same, and
a tilting lever c¹, may be supported at its centre to the top plate A', and pivoted
at one end to the lever cal, and at the other end to the vertical rod c, so that when
the clutch c¹, is lowered the governor will be raised thereby automatically reducing
the retarding effect of the governor upon the instrument used as a receiver. The
governor being thus adjustable and having only a frictional connection with its
shaft moves ahead slightly when the type wheel C, is arrested, preventing the
recoil of the type wheel, and upon starting the train the frictional contact between
the spring c³, and the conical hub c', permits a slight movement of the shaft c²,
before overcoming the inertia of the governor, and thus facilitating the starting of
the type wheel C. The forward pull of the governor when slipping by its frictional
connection after the type wheel C, has been arrested effectually prevents back
lash of the type wheel, and holds it firmly while the printing hammer is compressing
the paper.
To render the instruments interchangeable as transmitting and receiving instru-
ments, the scape wheels i, i¹, the serrated wheel 2, with a number of indentations
on the periphery equal to the divisions on the type wheel, and the unison spiral 2³,
with its spiral groove, and spiral projection 20, are rigidly secured to a sleeve c¹³,
movable on the type wheel shaft c, and having at its upper end a clutch c¹, with
which the clutch c, sliding on the shaft c, and secured thereto by a feather is
made to engage when the instrument is changed from a transmitter to a receiver.

page_text: When transmitting, the sleeve c¹³, is released from the clutch c", and consequently
the wheels connected to the same are inactive.
A "unison latch" d, (as shown in figs. 1, 2, 6 and 7,) is pivoted in the rocking
bar d', which permits vertical and lateral motion of the latch d. This unison
locking latch d, is solicited downwards and towards the type wheel shaft c, by
a spring d³, placed at. a suitable angle to the latch d. On the end of the unison
locking latch d, is a pin d³, which rides in the spiral groove it, until by slightly
more than one revolution of the shaft c, it is carried by the spiral to the termination
of the groove, near the periphery of the disc wheel or unison spiral ³, thus
preventing further motion of the shaft c, and the type wheel C, and locking the
type wheel C, of a receiver at unison corresponding with the unison position of
the type wheel C, of a transmitter. The bent lever h, is pivoted at h¹, and its
horizontal arm passes under the unison locking latch d. This bent lever h, is
linked at h², to the tongue h', of the compound or duplex relay H, H¹, by the
link h³, in order that the movement of the tongue ; when attracted through its
attachment by the link ho, to the bar he, carrying the armatures h', h³, will cause
an upward movement of the bent lever h, and release the unison locking latch d,
whereupon the latch d, is thrown towards the type wheel shaft c, by the spring d²,
and must commence again its excursion towards the terminal of the spiral groove
near the periphery of the disc wheel. I and I are escapement electro magnets
which vibrate alternately by rapid alternating impulses of direct current sent over
the lines by the circuit breakers N, N₁, and springs n, n¹, n² and n³. Their arma-
tures operate double pallet "dead beat or "wedge pallet escapement levers 2³, 16,
each working into separate scape wheels i, i, on the type wheel shaft c, and so
arranged that each electrical impulse permits the advance of the type wheel C, the
space between two letters and each break of the circuit a similar movement.
There are half as many makes and breaks on each disc of the circuit breaker and
one fourth as many teeth on each scape wheel as there are divisions on the type
wheel when two escapements are used and a proportionate number of divisions and
teeth when three or more scape wheels are used and the instruments are so arranged
that they print a letter on each make and break of the electrical circuit.
"
These scape wheels i and ¹, have one fourth as many teeth as there are divisions
in the type wheel C, and they are placed on the sleeve c¹³, in such relative position
that the teeth of one of the scape wheels are midway between and alternate with
the teeth of the other scape wheel. Each move of either the lever io, or i, permits
a rotatory movement of the type wheel equal to the space between the centres of
two letters.
When the armature of the electro magnet I, is attracted (as shown in figs. 1, 2,8
and 9,) one pallet of the lever i, engages in the scape wheel i, and when it is
released the scape wheel i, is arrested by the pallet of the quiescent lever is, of the
electro magnet 1, and the type wheel is arrested at the next letter.
The electro magnet I is next vitalized releasing one pallet on the lever Iº, from
the teeth in the scape wheel 2, after allowing motion equivalent to another
division of the type wheel, and when the circuit is interrupted through the electro
magnet I, the pallet on the lever is, of the electro magnet I, is in position to arrest
the scape wheel i, after the type wheel has moved another division; a pallet of a
quiescent lever belonging to the electro magnet previously energized always being
in position to engage with its corresponding scape wheel, when the other scape
wheel is released by the pallet belonging to the armature and lever of the other
electro magnet, by which arrangement of the alternately acting escapements con-
secutive step by step movement of the type wheel is secured with greater certainty
than by the usual single scape wheels; and by affording time for the discharge of
each line and the demagnetization of the escapement electro magnets in alternate
succession, the rapidity of transmission may greatly exceed the rate of transmission
over one line with a single scape wheel and escapement electro magnet. In figs. 9
and 24, are shown an arrangement when two wedge pallet scape wheels are
employed, and by which arrangement a driving motor is unnecessary.

page_text: To ensure equal tension of the adjusting springs i7, i³, of the escapement levers ¿³
and i, I attach to the ends of the same wires or cords 120, (fig. 19,) prolonged in the
direction of said springs until they cross each other and again separate when the other
extremities remote from the ends of these springs are attached respectively to the
ends of the levers 20, held by a pivoted attachment between the jaws 10 and 11,
extending from the sides of the sleeves 12, and 13, through which an adjusting
rod, passes, terminating in a screw 215, and clamping nut 18, above the top
plate A¹, of the instrument. The lower jaw, is rigidly secured to the rod i
and is arranged to engage with the upper jaw 10, and sleeve, by a projection ¿**,
on the sleeve ¹³, engaging in a recess in the sleeve ¹³, in order that the same
angular motion given to the sleeve ¹³, and jaw ¹¹, by the rod 2, may be simulta-
neously imparted to the sleeve 21, and jaw 11. Above the top plate A¹, the
arm 7, is made to slide on the rod 14, rectangular at this point, the socket 118, of
the arm, fitting freely over the rectangular portion of the rod 14, and an
angular motion being imparted thereto by the micrometer adjusting screw 1, with
milled head and clamp nut, as shown in figure 18. It will be understood that the
springs 7 and 8, are by this arrangement in effect prolonged and attached respec-
tively, to the ends of the lever ; and it follows when the clamping nut ¿¹6,
working on the screw 215, on the end of the rod 2, is released, allowing the
lever 1, to turn on its central pivot that equal tension will be imparted to the
springs 7 and is, by unscrewing the adjusting screw 216, when the springs 7 and 28,
have been adjusted to equal tension, the clamping nut 16, is screwed down, raising
the rod, and clamping the lever, firmly between the jaws 10 and i", and
after which, further adjustment of the springs 27 and 28, is equally imparted
through the turning of the key arm i, by the screw 219, which will now produce
a combined angular movement of the jaws 10 and i", and the lever i³.
The escapement electro magnets I and I' operate through their armatures the
pallet levers and i, respectively, and thereby control the movement of the scape
wheels and, on the sleeve c¹³, when it is clutched to the type wheel shaft c,
and the instrument is used as a receiver. In an independent receiving instrument,
these scape wheels and the remaining wheels on the sleeve c¹³, would be rigidly
secured to the shaft c.
The
The compound electro magnet consists of two independent electro magnets H, H',
through the helices of which the two main lines are separately connected. The
armatures h³, of the magnet H, is attached to one extremity of the bar h6, and the
armature to the other extremity of this bar h6, which is pivoted at its centre
to one end of the strap coupling ho, connected at its other end to the relay
tongue h. The springs he and h¹º, between the bar h6, and the tongue h4, may
be employed to equalize the vibrations of the armatures h and h³. To the
tongue, is attached a retractile spring h", for adjusting the same.
tongue h, is pivoted at one end in electrical connection with the metallic frame-
work of the instrument, and at its other end carries a contact point arranged
to close the circuit from one pole of the local battery Q, in electrical connection
with the instrument, into the insulated post H2, the circuit being completed, as
hereinafter described. To the tongue h', is attached a strap h³, which connects with
the bell crank lever h, above its lower pivoted end ¹, in order that the movement
of the tongue h³, when drawn forward by the simultaneous attraction of both
armatures h7, and 8, of the electro magnets H, H', will produce an upward move-
ment of the horizontal arm h, of the bent lever, passing under the unison locking
latch d, thereby lifting the pin d³, out of the spiral groove it, and permitting it to
resume its excursion in the unison spiral before described.
The electro-magnets H and H2, when energized by alternate pulsations through
the two main lines alternately attract their armatures h7, and h³, producing only
vibrations of the bar ho, without overcoming the resistance of the retractile
spring h¹, withholding the tongue ³, but when both electro magnets are simul-
taneously energized both armatures are attracted and the tongue h*. is drawn into
electrical contact with its front stop. H³.

page_text: The differential electro magnet J, J₁, the helices of which are wound in reverse.
directions and in circuit respectively with the two main lines, has an armature
lever ), pivoted at one end and adjustable by means of the spring j'. Attached to
the lever, is an arm 7, arranged to engage in a tooth of the serrated wheel, i³,
secured on the sleeve c¹³, on the type wheel shaft c, when the electro-magnet J, J',
is rendered inert by simultaneous electrical impulses over the respective lines, and
also when both main line circuits are open. When the electro magnet J, J', is
energized by impulses passing alternately over the lines, the lever j, will be rapidly
vibrated in harmony with the alternate vibrations of the escapement levers i³
and 26, releasing the wheel 2, (which has a tooth for every. letter on the type
wheel C,) and when the pulsations are rapid the electro magnet J, J¹, will become
charged and its armature will be permanently attracted. The arm j³, will, there-
fore, not interfere with the movements of the escapements, and will lock the type
wheel at any letter space when both line circuits are broken, and also when
simultaneous pulsations are sent through both lines.
The commutators S and S¹, for changing the electrical circuits when a combined
instrument is changed from a transmitter to a receiver, and vice versa, consists of
circular discs of insulating material secured to a shaft S2, supported in suitable
bearings and revolved about 45 degrees by the switch S³, the motion of the
switch Ss being limited by suitable stops marked respectively with the words
"send" and "receive" in a visible position on the exterior case of the instrument.
In the periphery of each of the insulating discs are bedded metallic blocks marked
respectively "send and "receive" and so located that when the switch S³, is turned
to "send" the metallic block similarly designated on the insulating disc S¹, is in
electrical contact with each of the circuit springs 8, 8³, and s¹, 82, in the circuit of
the main line battery W, and the metallic block "send in the insulating disc of the
commutator S, will be in electrical contact with each of the circuit springs 8',
and 85, in the circuit of the local battery Q, and the metallic blocks "receive" in
said discs will be out of contact with the springs, & 83 and 8' 8³ and, 8, 8, (as shown
in Fig. 1,) and conversely, when the switch S3 is turned to "receive"(as in Fig. 2,)
the metallic blocks "send" on the commutators S and S', will be removed from
electrical contact with the circuit springs, 8, 8³ and, 81, 8² and s* and 85, and the block
marked "receive" in the commutator S¹, will be in electrical contact with the
springs, 86, 87, and, 88, 80, in the main battery circuit, and the block marked "receive"
on the insulating disc S, will be in electrical contact with the springs 810 and 811, in
the circuit of the local battery Q in a receiving instrument.
The circuit springs, 8, 83, 81, 8 and 8ª, 8ª and, 8º, 87, 88, 89, and 810, 811, must be
separately insulated from each other and from the conducting portions of the
instrument.
As the type wheel C, revolves the circuit breakers N, N¹, on the indicator
shaft b, or the type wheel shaft c, send electrical pulsations over the lines to
operate alternately the escapement electro magnets I and I¹ the compound or
duplex relays H, H¹, and differential electro magnets J, J¹, and rotate the type
wheels C, while pulsations on both lines simultaneously closed by the electro-
magnets G, operate both the electro-magnets H, H¹, closing the local circuits to
energize the paper feeding electro-magnets and the printing electro-magnets of the
receivers in combined or independent instruments. The bars 620, insulated from
the type wheel shaft c, or the indicator shaft 6, moving synchronously therewith
revolve so as to strike against any one of the character rods 61, which may have
been projected by the depression of a key beyond the surface of the indicator
segment 615, into the path of the revolving arms 620, and also to strike the
insulated unison rod b³, when none of the keys have been depressed. A circuit
spring 651, bears on the insulated hub 621, carrying these arms 620, and is connected
with the binding post 632, insulated from the machine.
When a key has been depressed the type wheel C, of the transmitter revolves as
many characters as there are rods 613, between the starting point or unison rod 6*
and the character depressed. When it is stopped by the pin represented by the

page_text: key and metallic rod 613, the circuit is closed from a local battery Q, (one pole of
which is in circuit with the body of the indicator segment 615) through the
spring 631, line 29 electro-magnet G, line 30, key 6º, line 36, spring 85, to the
metallic block marked to "send" on the insulated commutator S, thence by
springs, through line 32, to the ratchet electro magnet E, and thence to the
printing electro magnets D, and returning by line 33, to the other pole of the local
battery Q. This energizes the ratchet electro magnet E, and the printing electro
magnet D, of the transmitter and causes the printing hammer D¹, to impress the
paper against the type wheel C, printing the desired letter as depressed on the key-
board B, and as indicated by the rod b¹³, in the indicator segment 61, while the
ratchet electro magnet E, draws back the arm a¹. When the key is restored the
withdrawal of the rod 613, breaks the electrical contact, the hammer D¹, recoils,
the spring a, withdraws the arm a¹, and the pawl a², catching in a rack A, in the
paper carriage A³, moving the same the space between the letter printed and the
succeeding letter. The ratchet electro-magnet E, is secured to the platform A³,
carrying the paper feeding mechanism.
When the type wheels C, of the transmitter and receiver have been stopped at
the letter depressed, the local circuit of the transmitting instrument is auto-
matically closed as described which energizes the electro-magnet G, attracting its
tongue g, on which is an insulated bar g¹, for bringing the circuit springs g³,
g³, g, g, into contact, closing the circuit into both main lines simultaneously
through branch lines, 11, 12, 13, 14, passing around the circuit breakers N, N¹,
through lines 15 and 16, to the compound or duplex relays H, H¹, closing the local
circuits by the relay tongues h, and the contacts h¹, through the ratchet electro-
magnets E, and printing electro-magnet D, of the receivers in circuit and
simultaneously making impressions and feeding the paper the space between two
letters on the transmitter and receiver.
The paper is normally held out of contact with the type wheel C, by an
adjustable spring c16, secured to the top plate A³, of the machine by a pivot
stud c, adjustable by a slotted arm c¹8, moving on a stud pin c¹, on which is a
clamping nut c20, for adjusting the spring c¹6, to its proper position. When the
printing hammer D', strikes the paper C, this spring cle, is pressed backward under
the type wheel C, and when the hammer D₁, recoils, the spring c¹6, moves the
paper C, out of contact with the type wheel C, thus regulating the distinctiveness
of the impression, preventing blurring and enabling the printing to be done on flat
surfaces.
The specific features embodying my invention will be hereinafter more par-
ticularly explained.
"3
In the drawings Figs. 1 and 2, as aforesaid, represent theoretical diagrammatic
views of the principal operative devices and circuits in a combined instrument or
in separate or independent transmitting and receiving instruments connected with
line and local batteries, showing the indicator segment and circuit breaker of the
transmitter and devices for sending currents to a distant receiver and for printing
simultaneously on both instruments. The switch S3 and the commutators S and S₁,
(in fig. 1,) are shown as turned to "send" and the local circuit closed to operate the
printing devices of a transmitter, and to send impulses to the line of a distant
receiver. If the switch S³, (in fig. 2,) be turned to line marked to "receive
the circuits will be changed by the commutators S and S¹, so that the currents
from line will operate the compound or duplex relays H, H¹, the escapement
electro-magnets I and I, and both branches of the differential electro-magnets J, J1,
alternately, and the local circuit from the body of the instrument by line (figs. 1
and 2,) indicating electrical connection through the same with the tongue h4,
thence through contact h¹, line 10 spring s¹¹, metallic block marked to "receive,"
spring so, lines 31, 32 and 33, will operate the printing electro-magnet. D, and
ratchet electro-magnet E, of a receiver.
Turning the switch S³, to "receive" also disengages the insulated unison
rod 62, in the indicator segment 615, on the type wheel shaft.c, or a shaft moving

page_text: synchroneously therewith, and engages a clutch c¹, on the type wheel shaft C, with
the loose sleeve on the same carrying the scape wheels i, , together with the star
or letter spacing wheel ³, with the spiral ³, for the unison latch d.
The compound or duplex relays H, H', perform the function of drawing the
tongue h, into contact with the printing circuit contact h¹³, when energized by
the combined currents simultaneously entering at the binding posts P, P¹, through
the lines 25 and 26 leading from a transmitter and from these binding posts the
currents pass by lines 23 and 24, to the springs 86, 87, contacts marked "receive" of
the commutator S¹ and spring so, thence by line 19, through the electro-magnet M,
thence by line 18, to the differential electro magnet J, thence say to the right,
around the differential electro magnet J and by line 17, through the coils of the
escapement electro magnet I, and thence by line 15 through the coils H, of the
compound relay, and thence again by line 15, to junction with the main line 7.
The other line 22, from the spring 88, passing through the electro magnet K,
thence by line 21, to the differential electro magnet J, thence passing in a reverse
direction say to the left around the differential electro magnet J¹, and by line 20,
to the coils of the escapement electro magnet I, thence again by line 20, around
the coils H¹, of the compound relay to the line 16 and thence to the main line 6,
hereinafter more fully described. When the currents enter alternately by these
lines the two distinct electro-magnets H, H¹, comprising the system, are energized
alternately resulting only in the vibration of the compound armature lever h³, (to
which the tongue h*, is connected by a pivoted strap coupling h³) without moving
the tongue h. Coupled to the tougue h, is a bell crank lever h, pivoted at one
end, and its arm h, extending over the horizontal disc wheel 2, (Figs. 6 and 7,)
which has a spiral groove and projection, into and against which bears a pin on the
unison latch d, rocking on the support d', and drawn downwards and sideways
towards the shaft c, of the type wheel C, by spring d², in the side and below said
latch respectively. As the type wheel revolves the spiral ³, carries the unison
latch d, towards the periphery of the disc wheel, and by one or more revolutions
it reaches the end of its path and locks the type wheel C, at unison with the type
wheel C, of the transmitter. If, however, the compound or duplex relays H, H¹, be
energized by both line currents simultaneously, both armatures will be attracted
and the tongue h, will be drawn forward, tripping the unison latch d, by the bell
crank lever h, out of its spiral groove is, whereupon the arm d, is thrown against
the shaft of the type wheel C, and thus begins its travel anew on the spiral or on
the fusee. Hence it is evident that the unison latch d, cannot lock the type
wheel C, if simultaneous printing currents are sent one or more times during one
revolution of the type wheel.
Since it is necessary to send such impulses to make spaces and impressions or to
rotate the paper carriage which should be done at a space or at unison, and since
vibrations alternately over the lines are necessary to rotate the type wheels to
unison, and since printing is to be effected on makes and breaks of current, some
other device is required not only to hold the type at a blank space or at unison,
while printing currents are simultaneously sent over the lines actuating the
tongue, (displacing the unison stop and closing the local circuit of the receiver,)
but to hold the type wheel C, rigidly at each character to be printed on breaks of
line circuit, and to release it by continually vibrating or attracting the armature ;,
while alternate impulses are passing over the lines through the escapement electro
magnets I and I¹.
The differentially wound relay J, J, with its tongue j, and arm j³, is such a
combination as is well adapted for effecting these results. The line wires pass in
opposite directions around the cores of the differentially wound relay J, J. The
serrated or letter spacing wheel 2, has as many indentations as there are characters
and blank spaces on the type wheel C. This differentially wound relay J, J¹, will
become charged by the rapidly recurring alternate impulses, yet will be inert when
currents pass in both directions around its cores and by its lug or projection j³, and
spring, lock the type wheels C, at any indicated character or space when the

page_text: printing current is sent simultaneously over the lines, and will also lock it at blank
or unison when once stopped at unison by the unison latch d. It cannot alone
arrest the type wheel C, at unison, because its armature is permanently attracted
or vibrated by the alternate impulses required to move the scape wheels i, ¹, but
it can lock the type wheel C, at any letter or space when printing or when the
compound relays H, H', are energized by currents sent simultaneously over the
lines to close the local circuit through the ratchet and printing electro magnets.
The type wheels C, are brought into unison by withdrawing the unison rod 6%, of
the transmitter through the action of the unison key 61, thus permitting the circuit
breakers N, N¹, to make one or more revolutions before releasing the unison
rod b³.
After allowing the receiver to stop at unison, the latch cannot be released except
by simultaneous electrical impulses on both lines. To prevent the operator from
sending before the type wheel of the receiver is released I employ a releasing
key 63, normally locking the unison rod 62, and preventing any character keys
from being depressed. Before sending the operator presses the releasing key b³,
the block 633, on the stem of the key b³, releases the unison rod b², and character
keys, the insulation 6%, on the back of the block 633, compressing the circuit
springs 81, 81, closing the branch local circuit, through the circuit springs $14, $15,
closed by the unison rod 62, and by lines 27, 28, 34, 37, 35, 30, 36, springs 80, 84,
and lines 32 and 33, energizing the electro magnet G, which closes the circuit of
both lines through the receiver, releasing the unison latch d, but leaving the type
wheels C, locked at unison by the arm j³, on the tongue j of the differential electro
magnet J. The keys are now operated successively, keeping the unison rod b²,
withdrawn until it is necessary to effect unison. To avoid a closed circuit through
the electro magnet G, after the type wheel C, and circuit breakers N, N', start, the
local branch circuits 34 and 37, are automatically broken by the separation of the
circuit springs 814, 81, when the unison rod 62, is withdrawn.
A platform A², is secured to the rear end of the base plate A, having a supporting
frame A, for certain parts of the instrument. Upon said platform A², are
rails a, a, on which the paper carriage A³, supporting the paper rollers A³,
paper guides A³, rack A6, and circuit springs 22, 23, traverse, carrying and feeding
the paper on which impressions are to be made in a flat sheet C2, in a vertical
direction in front of the type wheel. Forward motion step by step to space
between letters is imparted to the carriage by the lever a', and pawl a², working
in the straight rack A. The reciprocating motion of the lever a¹, and pawl a²,
being effected by the ratchet electro magnet E, and spring a. A dog a³, retains
the rack A, in position at each throw of the lever a¹, and pawl a². The forward
movement of the carriage is resisted by a coiled spring a*, (fig. 22,) or it may be
by a weight as, attached to a cord passing over a pulley a, as shown in figs. 3
and 5. This coiled spring is secured upon a shaft a', attached to the platform A³,
one end of which spring is secured to an arm A7, depending from the carriage
frame As, as shown in fig. 3.
As the carriage A³, moves forward upon the rails a 25, a26 so as to feed from
left to right hand margin in front of the type wheel C, the tension of the coiled
spring a, is increased so that it is sufficient to return the carriage to its initial
starting point when the pawl a³, and dog a³, have been automatically released.
Attached to the rear portion of the instrument is an inclined plane as, the projecting
flange a', of which fits loosely into a notch a¹º, of the arms all, attached to the
sliding dogs a¹, causing a vertical reciprocating motion of the arms all, and
pawls a, by the traversing movement of the carriage without the intervention
of springs on the arms, thus obviating unnecessary resistance of springs on the
arms a¹, to withdraw the pawls. As the paper carriage A³, recoils under the
influence of the coil springs at, or a weight, the arms all, and pawls a¹², are given
a downward movement, imparting a rotary motion to the ratchet wheels a¹³, feed
rollers, a, and guide rollers a¹, moving the paper forward and upward the space
between two lines of the printing. The dogs a¹, retain the ratchets a¹³, in position

page_text: during the printing of another line, while the pawls a¹, are gradually drawn
upwards by the plane until they enter the next notch or tooth of the ratchet
wheels a¹³, just however, before the carriage again recoils.
The pawls a, and dog a³, are released from the rack A, by means of a tripping
device consisting of the T-shaped bar a", and the two pins a¹, a20, upon the upper
side behind the pawl a³, and dog a³, and pin a18, extending downwards to engage
in the latch a³¹.
The T-shaped bar a17, (as shown in figs. 14 and 16,) is pivoted to a shaft a
extending through the platform, and is driven forward under the pawl a³, and
dog a³, by a projection a23, on the carriage A³, striking the projecting pin a¹³, a
, and
causing it to become locked through the action of the latch a. In this position
the dog a³, is detached by means of the pin a, and the pin a, engages in the
spring latch a, retaining the dog a³, out of position with the rack A, and the
next attraction of the armature and lever a¹, of the ratchet electro magnet E,
detaches the pawl a², from the rack A, causing it to lock on the pin a20. The
carriage A³, immediately recoils and just before it reaches the end of its travel.
a stud a, on the carriage A³, (figs. 14, 3 and 20) depresses the spring latch a",
permitting the T-shaped bar a17, to return to its normal position under the action
of a spring and thus releasing the pawl a³, and dog a³, which resume positions in
contact with the rack Aº, ready to commence spacing between letters from the left
hand margin of the paper.
The plates Z, made of hard rubber or other suitable insulating material, and
having projecting ribs z, z¹, which are secured to the carriage frame A³, and move
in unison therewith. Above these projecting ribs or flanges 2, 2¹, at one end thereof,
are two long metallic springs 22, 23, standing free from the faces of the plates Z,
and pressing at one end on metallic bearings, on the projecting flanges z, z¹. The
insulated springs 25, 26, attached to the platform A², by insulated supports 27, bear
at their ends on the springs 22, 2, and at right angles thereto preserving electrical
contact during the forward movement of the carriage A³, breaking or interrupting
the circuit of the main lines during the recoil of the carriage and closing the
circuit just before the carriage completes its backward movement. The insulated
springs 2, 26, having a downward tendency press on the upper surfaces of the
springs 22, 23, until they arrive at the ends of their path clear of these springs,
when they snap downwards into contact with the metallic bearings z, in electrical
connection with the springs 22, 23. By the return movement of the carriage the
insulated springs 25, 20, are made to travel the insulated shelves 2, 21, passing under
the ends of the springs 2, 3, on the metallic bearings 24, ready to again ride
upwards over these circuit springs by the next forward movement of the paper
carriage A³. The printing hammer D¹, is operated by the printing electro magnet D,
in the same local circuit with the ratchet electro magnet E.
A modified form of apparatus is shown in figure 5, and is save as hereinafter
mentioned, the same as that already fully described. This apparatus is constructed
on a metallic base A, preferably enclosed in a case on which is fitted a metallic key
board B, and a metallic cover plate having in it a large circular aperature, (as
shown in Fig. 19,) and covered by a removable circular cap fitting around a fixed
top frame plate (as shown in Fig. 18,) all of which may be readily removed without
disturbing the key levers and framework containing the gearing, electro magnets,
adjustments and the operative parts of the instrument. The paper carrying and
feeding devices are supported outside of this case on a bracket A, firmly secured
to the bed plate A.
On the key board B, are placed character buttons of insulating material
preferably made of ivory and attached to stems projecting downward and
moving freely through the key board, which stems are supported in suitable
guide plates 63, between which guide plates and key-board are coiled around the
respective stems helical springs 6s, while stop pins pass through the stems to
limit their upward movement produced by the action of the helical springs. The
lower ends of the character key stems are bifurcated and embrace loosely the upper

page_text: portion of the parallel projecting arms 637, of the key levers 638, the lower arms of
which are hinged at their rear ends at 639, and are parallel until they pass through
a guide plate 60, in the rear of the first row of stems and behind the hinged unison
bow 6, from which point they converge to a series of holes v, in the circular
metallic indicator plate V, fitting into a recessed plate 642, secured to the bed
plate A.
Passing transversely under the key levers in the rear of the first row of keys is
the unison bow b", hinged at 64, and 646, one portion of which bow 61³, extends
forward over the indicator plate V, and is so arranged that the depression of any
character key lever will depress the rear portion of the unison bow and elevate the
forward part thereof, which is called the "unison bow arm" 643, withdrawing the
"insulated unison pin "v¹, attached thereto from contact with the revolving arm v².
Under each key lever 638, is a spring which raises the forward end of the key lever
when released, and permits the rear portion of the unison bow 641, to rise under
the action of a suitable spring 64, beneath the same, thus causing the unison bow
arm 643, to fall and project the insulated unison pin v¹, through the indicator
plate V, into the path of the revolving arm V. On the character buttons are
engraved letters, figures, punctuation marks, etc.
There are as many key levers, less one, as there are letters, characters and spaces
on the type wheel, a blank space on the type wheel corresponding with the key for
spacing between words, and another blank corresponding with the insulated unison
pin v
The indicator plate V, is embedded in the fixed plate 643, which has a circular
opening extending outside of the circle of holes v, in the indicator plate V. The
bed plate and the bottom of the case have also openings similar in diameter to the
openings in the fixed plate 64%. The holes v, in the indicator plate V, are uniformly
spaced and in number equal to the divisions on the type wheel. At the extremity
of each of the key levers 638, is pivoted a metallic pin 647, which enters one of the
holes v, and is normally held therein by its lever without projecting beyond the
lower surface of the indicator plate V, while the insulated unison pin v¹, normally
projects below the under surface of this plate, but when, by the manipulation of
the keys and levers, the unison bow arm 643, is raised and the insulated unison
pin v¹, is withdrawn by the depression of a character key its metallic pin 647, is
projected below the indicator plate V, while the reverse action of the respective
pins 67 and 1 occurs when any character key and lever are released.
The shaft 64, geared to the type wheel shaft c, by wheels of similar diameter
and moving synchronously therewith, passes through the indicator plate V, the
lower portion of which shaft is detachable at 648, and is supported in a bearing 649,
on the indicator plate V, and by a bearing. 650, in the step 651, secured to the bed
plate A. The type wheel shaft c, as shown in Fig. 5, may be so arranged as to
perform the functions of this shaft, which indicator shaft 614, is only employed
as a substitute for the shaft c, to avoid crowding of the surrounding parts and
mechanism.
On this shaft 6, is fixed a metallic arm v², insulated therefrom, and on the hub
of the arm v², bears a circuit spring v³; insulated from the indicator plate V, and
the bed plate A, and from the metallic portions of the instrument. The arm v²,
normally rests against the insulated unison pin v', and is only stopped in electrical
contact with any metallic pin 647, when this metallic pin is depressed, thereby
arresting the type wheel C, of the transmitter and causing it to present to the
printing hammer the letter or character indicated by the button depressed on the
key-board.
The ratchet electro-magnet E (as shown in figs. 1, 2, 5, 12 and 14, in the circuit.
of the local battery Q, is employed to rotate the vibrating segmental frame or
segment of a cylinder as clearly shown in fig. 5 of the drawings. The ratchet
electro-magnet E, is preferably located on the plate A12, secured to the fixed
column A, which may extend to the floor A", or be supported in a bracket A³,
firmly bolted to the base plate A, of the instrument. The armature of the electro-

page_text: magnet E, fig. 14, is attached to a lever a¹, carrying a pawl a², engaging in the
rack A6, attached to the interior of the vibrating paper carriage or segmental
frame A³. This rack A6, fig. 14, may be outside of the vibrating segmental
frame As, (as shown in fig. 15,) and the ratchet electro-magnet E, and lever a¹,
may be located within the case of the instrument, the pawl a², dog a³ and releasing
device a, being preferably located as shown.
The paper carrier may be either a segment of a cylinder or a segmental frame A³
(Fig. 5,) with considerable radius vibrated on a vertical spindle A¹³, supported
on the fixed post A¹º. On this spindle A¹³, is supported the paper roll A³, as far as
practicable below the paper segmental frame A³. The larger the radius of the
segment the flatter will be the sheet of paper and the easier and more effective will
be the operation of feeding continuous sheets from a roll. The paper vibrating
segmental frame A³, is moved forward, to space between letters impressed, by
the reciprocating movements of the lever a', and pawl a², when actuated by the
ratchet electro-magnet E, the backward movement of the rack E, being resisted by
the dog a³.
In order to disengage the pawl a³, and dog a³, (Figs. 14 and 15,) from the
ratchet A, when the paper has been fed so as to present the right hand margin to
the type wheel C, I use a tripping device a", pivoted on the top of the fixed
table A, and consisting of a cross arm a", and two projecting pins a¹9 and a20,
extending upward behind the pawl a², and dog a³, and a pin a¹8, extending down-
ward towards the plate of the table A". On the back of the paper segment or
segmental frame A³, is a fixed pin a23, which, at the last movement of the vibrating
segmental frame as the paper printed upon is moving forward to the right hand
margin corresponding with the last notch of the ratchet A, strikes the projecting
arm a¹, driving it forward the distance of one notch in the ratchet A6, of the
vibrating segmental frame A³. The latch a, attached to the upper side of the
table A1, catches in the projecting arm a18, and latches it in position. The pin a¹,
projecting upwards from the cross-arm a¹, releases the dog a³, from the ratchet A6,
and a pin a, projecting upwards from the other end of the arm a", is driven
against a hook on the back of the pawl a². The next attraction of the lever a¹, by
the armature of the ratchet electro magnet E, draws the hook on the pawl a², into
engagement with the pin a20, and locks the pawl a², out of contact with the
ratchet As, of the vibrating segmental frame A³. The spiral spring a', on the
shaft of the vibrating paper carrier or segmental frame A³, recoils, and swings
the paper carriage backward into the position for commencing the printing at the
left hand margin of the paper. A weight a³, hung from a cord passing over a pulley
attached to an arm fixed on the post A10, may be used instead of the spring a
Just, however, before the paper carriage A³, arrives at this position a pin a",
attached to the vibrating segmental frame disengages the latch a, and a spring
throws the arm a¹, back to its normal position and the springs behind the dog a³,
and pawl a², cause them to engage with the ratchet A6, of the paper carriage A³.
In order to feed the paper vertically between lines I attach below the table A",
a spiral plane R, concentric with the paper carrier. This plane R, has a rise equal
or proportionate to the distance between the two lines of printing. Attached to
each margin of the paper carriage are bearings which support two shafts R¹, and R²,
passing through the sleeves R³ and R*, mounted on pivoted trunnions R¹º, actuated
by spiral springs around these trunnions or in any other suitable manner.
On one
end of each shaft is a ratchet wheel R, and on the other end a paper feeding
wheel R', having a serrated surface Re, for hugging against and guiding the paper.
The paper is pressed between the serrated wheels R', and the detached roller R,
on the opposite side of the paper by suitable springs around the trunnions R¹º, of
the sleeves R5.
In guides attached to the vibrating segmental frame A³, are dogs », which are
forced upward by riding over the plane R, when the segment recoils, turning the
ratchets R6, and thereby moving the paper upwards the distance between the two
printed lines. The stationary dogs r¹, hold each ratchet wheel R6, in position while

page_text: printing across a page, and the sliding arms 74, are forced downward into contact
with the flanged plane r³, by the wheels, attached to the sliding arms 74, drawing
downward the pawl r, ready to catch into the next notch, just before the vibrating
paper carrier or segmental frame A³, recoils, as shown in figs. 12 and 13.
An indicating magnetic pointer G¹, pivoted near a double line coil, as in the
galvanometer G2, and excited by currents of similar polarity in both lines connected
through the respective coils will be made to vibrate rapidly in one direction from
its magnetic meridian by the rapid impulses through the coils when printing or
rotating the paper until it strikes a fixed pin limiting its throw to a part of or
nearly an entire revolution, and when the circuits are interrupted by the insulations
on the interruptors Z, during the recoil of the paper carriage A³, this indicating
pointer G, will swing back until it is arrested by the fixed stop, or a bell G³, and
thus visibly, or audibly indicating to the operator when the paper on the trans-
mitter is returning to the left hand margin, whereupon, any variation in the.
movement of the paper in the respective instruments may be at once detected and
corrected. After the return of the paper to the left hand margin the same operation
as herein before fully explained may be repeated indefinitely.
A cord solicited by a weight may be suspended from above the instrument and
attached to the end of the paper on which impressions are being made or the
paper above the type wheel may be carried over a suitable support so that the
printed matter may be readily accessible and visible to a number of persons at
the same time.
The circuit interruptor Z, secured to the table A¹ consists of the circuit springs z?
and 3, separated from each other and supported between suitable insulating
material by attachment thereto. at one end of the springs. The remainder of the
springs stand out free without making contact with the insulating segments and
are bent downwards at their free ends so as to bear on metallic plates bedded in
the projecting shelves z and 2¹, of the insulating material. The insulated circuit
springs and 20, attached to the shaft A13, traverse the former springs as the
paper carrier revolves and when released snap downwards, interrupting, the main
line circuits and riding by the recoil of the paper carrier over the insulated shelves
until they pass under the bent springs and 23, and close circuit by contact with
the plates 2 and 2*, in electrical contact with the springs 22 and 23. By the forward
movement of the paper carrier As, the springs 20 and 26, again ride up over the
springs and 23, maintaining a closed circuit during the printing operation.
The main lines are connected respectively through 28 and 26, and 23 and 2³, as
hereinafter more fully explained.
The operation of the apparatus when printing will now be described by
reference to the theoretical diagrammatic views of two combined instruments and
electrical circuits, illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, of the annexed drawings, showing
the operative parts. and circuits, when in the former view the switch S³, is set to
'send" and while in the latter view the switch S3, in a similar instrument is set
to "receive:" Both instruments being connected.in series by a double telegraphic
line, or the instruments may be two of a series of instruments looped into the main
lines. The line battery may be either located at one end of, or on the lines, and
the electrodes connected to earth at the terminal stations. The double lines from
the main line battery W, are connected to earth by line 1, and to the binding
posts P, P¹, by lines 2, 3, thence by lines 4, 5, to the circuit springs 83, 83, in contact
with the metallic block marked to "send" on the commutator S¹, of the trans-
mitter, thence to the springs s¹, 88, by lines 4, 5, to the circuit breaking springs n, 'n',,
on the circuit breakers N, N¹, thence by springs n³, n³, to lines 6, 7, to the auto-
matic circuit breaker O, through springs o, o¹, o' and o³, to lines 8 and 9, springs 2²
and 23, and by springs 2 and 2, to lines 8 and 9, thence to the line binding
posts P2, P3. Branch circuits 11, 12, extend from the springs n' and n, to the
circuits springs g³ and g³, thence by springs g³ and g', when closed by the move-
ment of the tongue of the electro magnet G, and lines 13 and 14, to the main
lines 6 and 7. The branch lines 15 and 16, in this instrument operative when.

page_text: employed as a receiver (fig. 2) enter at the binding posts P; P¹, and are connected
to springs 86, 87, by lines 23, 24, and when the commutator S¹, is turned to
"receive" metallic contact is made with the springs 88, 89. The commutator S¹
being turned to "receive" the main lines 4, 5, operative in a transmitting instru-
ment are broken at the commutator S¹, and the main lines 6, 7, through the circuit
breakers N; N', and lines 4, 5, to the commutator springs 8', s². From spring 82,
one line of the receiving circuit passes by line 19 electro magnet M, line 18, in one
direction, say to the right around the differential electro magnet J, thence by
line 17, through the coils of the escapement electro magnet I¹, thence by line 15,
through the coils H, of the compound relay, thence by line 15, to intersection with
the line 7, thence to the binding post P2, by the circuit breakers O and Z, and the
main line herein before described. The other line 24 starting from spring s8, of the
commutator S¹, passing by line 22, around the coils of the electro-magnet K, thence
by line 21, passing in a reverse direction, say to the left, around the differential
electro magnet J, thence by line 20, to the coils of the escapement electro magnet I,
thence around the coils H¹, of the compound relay and by line 16, to intersection
with the main line 6, thence by circuit breakers O, Z, line 9, to the binding
post P³
The main lines 25 and 26, connect with the receiving instrument at the binding
posts P and P¹, (fig. 2) passing through the springs 6 and 87, and 88 and 89, in
electrical communication through the metallic block "receive" on the commu-
tator S, in the same direction as that just described for transmitting through
the electro magnets K, M, J, J¹, I, I' and H, B1, lines 15 and 16, (the lines 6 and 7,
now being normally broken at the commutator block marked to "send,") thence
to the circuit breaker O, springs o, o¹, and 0 and o³, thence by lines 8 and 9, to
the circuit breakers Z, through springs 22, 23, 25 and 26, lines 8 and 9, to the binding
posts P2, P3, from which the lines may be extended by lines 25 and 26, to another
instrument or through a series of instruments or to earth.
A local battery Q, is required at each transmitting instrument to energize the
electro-magnet G, for closing both line circuits simultaneously through the electro
magnets H, H', of the receiver in order to close the local circuit through the
ratchet electro magnet E, and printing electro magnet D, for feeding the paper and
for making impressions. One pole of the local battery Q, of each instrument is
connected by line 27, to the binding post P, thence by line 28, to an uninsulated
post 6, on the indicator segment 61, thence when contact is made between an
arm 620, and a character rod 613, by insulated arm 620, hub 621, circuit spring b³, to
the insulated post 682, thence by line 29, through the coils of electro magnet G,
thence by line 30, through the duplicating key 69, thence by line 36, to the circuit
spring 8, metallic block marked to "send" on the commutator S, circuit spring 8*,
to line 32, ratchet electro magnet E, thence to printing electro magnet D, returning
by line 33, to the binding post Ps, and by line 33, to the other pole of the local
battery Q.
In the receiving instrument with the commutator S, turned to "receive" the
local circuits pass by line 28 into the body of the instrument at the uninsulated
post b, on the indicator segment 615, the insulated arms 620, of which now rotate
out of contact with circuit closing character rods 618. The current from the body
of the instrument passes by a line (as indicated in figs. 1 and 2,) connecting the
same with the compound or duplex relay tongue h, and to the contact h¹³, insulated
post H, line 10, and spring 81, to the metallic block marked to "receive" and
spring 810, lines 31 and 32, to the ratchet electro magnet E, and printing electro
magnet D, and returning by line 33, to the binding post P³, thence by line 33, to
the other pole of the local battery Q. In the receiver this circuit is closed by the
action of the compound relays H, H₁, closing the tongue *, onto the contact h¹³, of
the insulated post H2, when these electro magnets are energized by pulsations on
both lines simultaneously. The branch local circuit employed only in transmitting
instruments starts at the post 65, on the indicator segment 615, and passes by
line 34, to the key b³, normally open, thence by line 35, to the electro magnet G,

page_text: through this electro magnet and line 30, to the key 6º, normally closed, to the
line 36, circuit springs 85, to the block marked to "send," spring 8, line 32, ratchet
electro magnet E, and printing electro magnet D, line 33, to the post P5, and thence
by line 33, to the local battery Q. The extension or secondary branch extends
from one end of key 65, by line 37, and is closed at the springs 813 and 812, by
pressing the releasing key b³, and insulated cam 63, of the transmitter and is
normally closed at the springs 814, 815, and automatically broken at these springs by
the first movement of the insulated rod 62, withdrawn by pressing any character
key. This secondary branch is closed from spring 814, through line 34, with
trunnions of key 65, and the primary branch local circuit. Pressing the releasing
key b, closes the secondary branch of the local circuit 37, at the springs 813, $13,
energizing the electro magnet G, and the current sent over both main lines is
available in the receiver, not only for releasing the unison latch by energizing both
branches of the compound relay, but for closing the local circuits at the contact h¹³,
through the ratchet electro magnet E, and printing electro magnet D, thereby
moving the paper carriage A³, one notch on the receiver, and this secondary branch
local circuit 37 being closed by its primary circuit through the metallic block
marked to "send" in the transmitter (fig. 1,) springs 85, 84, and line 32, through
the ratchet electro magnet E, and printing electro magnet D, moving the paper
carriage one notch on the transmitter.
. When a character key has been depressed the double circuit breakers N, N¹,
revolve, sending pulsations alternately over the lines to operate the escapement
electro magnets I and I, (fig. 2,) and to cause a synchronous movement of the type
wheels C.
When any one of the arms 620, (fig. 1,) strikes a projecting character rod b¹³, in
the indicator segment 615, the circuit from the local battery Q, is closed throngh
lines 28 and 29 electro magnet G, lines 30, and 36, to the spring 83, block marked
to "send" of the commutator S, spring 8, line 32, ratchet electro magnet E, and
printing electro magnet D, of the transmitter causing the lever arm a¹, and the
pawl a³, to be drawn backward so as to engage in a notch in the rack A6, and the
hammer D', to impress the paper against a character on the type wheel C.
The electro-magnet G, being energized closes both branches of the main lines 11,
12, simultaneously through the springs 92, 93, 95, and 9, of the transmitting
instrument with lines 13, 14, and 6, and 7, to the receiver, and the local circuit
from the body of the receiver is closed by the action of the duplex relay H, H¹, and
the tongue, and contact h¹ through line 10, spring 8, metallic block marked to
receive" spring 810, lines 31 and 32, to the ratchet electro magnet E, and printing
electro magnet D, thence by line 33, to post P³, energizing these electro magnets
and drawing back the arm a¹, and pawl a², causing the printing hammer D¹, to
impress the paper against the type wheels of the receiving instrument.
"
The main line currents at the same time passing through the differential electro
magnet J, J, neutralizing the same, releasing the tongue j, and locking the type
wheel C, by the arm j2, engaging with the serrated wheel .
Upon releasing a character key the local circuit is broken at the indicator
segment bis, of the transmitter and the electro magnet G, is demagnetized,
breaking the line circuits at the springs g³, g³, g³, and g*, stopping the double line
pulsations and interrupting the local circuit at the contact ; the hammer D¹,
recoils, and the lever arm a¹, drawn backward by the spring a, moves the paper
carriage As a space between two letters on both transmitting and receiving
instruments.
If a character key is depressed until a letter is impressed, and while the
character key is held down the key 69, in the local circuit is depressed, momentarily
breaking the local circuit in the transmitter the type wheels C, will remain at the
same letter while the breaking and closing of the line by the electro magnet G,
will cause a repetition of the printing and feeding movements, thereby rapidly
repeating the impression of any letter or character, and greatly increasing the
peed of transmission. If while both instruments are standing at unison, pulsations
4
5

page_text: are sent simultaneously over both lines by making and breaking the branch local
circuits of the transmitter at the key b³, the ratchet electro magnet E, and the
printing electro magnet D, of the transmitters and receivers will be actuated, and
the paper carriages will be moved simultaneously to space between paragraphs, the
blank on the type wheels at unison preventing the making of impressions.
The apparatus and electrical circuits for maintaining the paper carriages in
unison and for placing any one or more of a series of receiving instruments in
circuit, and for cutting the operative parts out of circuit in the receiving instru-
ments, for releasing the paper carriage and for feeding the paper between lines at
any point in its excursion, will now be explained.
When the paper carriage A³, is released, and recoils to the initial point of its
excursion, an arm a², attached to the frame of the paper carriage, strikes the
circuit springs o' and o³, of the automatic double switchi O, closing them against
the back contacts o' and o*, breaking the main line circuits and closing the branch
lines 42 and 43, one line 43 passing through one branch of the differential electro
magnet X, and independent electro magnet Y, and by line 44, into the spring s8, of
the commutator S₁, and the other line 42, in a reverse direction through the other
coils of the differential electro magnet X', and the independent electro magnet Y¹,
line 45, circuit spring 88.
A circuit breaker T as shown in plan view in fig. 1, with a pointer t¹, arm to, and
notched rim t³, is attached to each transmitter in a branch of one of the main line
circuits.
To the platform A2, or elsewhere in each instrument used as a receiver or trans-
mitter is secured the differential electro magnets X, X¹, and independent electro
magnets Y, Y. One coil of each of the electro magnets X and Y, being in con-
nection with the circuit breaker T, through the binding post P,.lines 38 and 40,
springs, line 45, independent electro magnet Y¹, differential electro magnet X',
line 42, circuit springs o³, o¹, line 9, circuit springs 22, 23, and line 9, to the binding
post P³.
•
The other branch of the main line is connected from the binding post P¹, through
the electro magnets X and Y by line 39, one branch of the double circuit breaker b³,
normally open, line 41, circuit springs 88, line 44, through the branch Y, of the
independent electro magnet Y, and in a reverse direction through the differential
electro magnet X, line 43, circuit springs o, and o³, of the automatic circuit breaker O,
line 8, circuit springs 23, 2 line 8, and to the binding post P2.
A branch line 46, from the arm of the key 67, normally open, connects line 38,
with line 40, through this key when depressed. When the key 66, is closed it
connects line 39, with line 41. Lines 46, 47, and 48, connect lines 38, and 39 with
lines 40 and 41, when the double circuit closing device 68, is closed.
The individualizing circuit breaker may have any number of divisions, that is to
say, metallic contacts and insulations: the one shown in Fig. 1, of the drawings,
has twenty-four divisions, to representing metallic contacts or makes, and to, insula-
tions or breaks. This individualizing circuit breaker T, has a metallic hub to,
insulated from its shaft and insulated springs t, to, for effecting contacts of makes
and breaks corresponding with the metallic contacts t, and insulations to, on the
periphery of the circuit breaker T. The insulated spring 18, bears upon the
metallic hub t, in electrical connection with the contacts t. The arm t³, and
the pointer t¹, are rigidly attached to the shaft of this circuit breaker. A spring
click to, is attached to the arm t, and the rim t³, of the dial plate is serrated with
as many notches as there are metallic contacts on the circuit breaker T. The
dial to, should be numbered with figures corresponding with the number of insula-
tions on the circuit breaker T. When the index or pointer t¹, indicates zero on the
dial plate, the individualizing circuit closer U, on the platform A2, of all the instru-
ments in the series should likewise stand at unison or zero, and the circuit springs t²,
should bear on an insulation on the circuit breaker T.
The individualizing circuit closer U, is carried on a shaft u³, supported in
bearings u³ and u³, attached to the platform A2, and carrying the spiral or fusee u³,
E

page_text: (fig. 23,) the ratchet wheel u12, the metallic hubs u13, and u16, of the circuit closers
insulated from each other and from the shaft u¹. This circuit closer U, has
metallic contacts u17, 18, at corresponding points in their peripheries and in
electrical connection with their respective hubs 15 and u16. The insulated
5 springs u, us, bear on the hubs, and the springs u³ and u¹0 bear on the periphery
of the circuit closer U.
The armature 19, of the electro magnet X, is attached to a bent lever u20,
supported in trunnions and u2, which.lever actuates a pawl u23, when the
electro magnet X, is energized by the lines 38 and 40, and the branch lines 45
and 42, leading from the circuit breaker T, of the transmitter, and revolves the
ratchet wheel ¹³, one notch at each make and break of circuit. There are, how-
ever, as many notches on the ratchet wheel u12, as there are contacts on the circuit
breaker T. A click attached to the platform A², prevents the retrograde movement
of the ratchet wheel u¹. A tongue ue, pivoted in trunnions u24, is solicited laterally
and vertically downwards by suitable springs u² and u26, causing the tongue us, to
travel laterally by the rotation of the spiral or fusee u³, until it arrests the shaft u¹,
by contact with the pin u". The armature 27, of the independent electro magnets Y
and Y¹, is attached to a bent lever u28, supported in trunnions 29. A retractile
spring u³, is adjusted so as to resist the attraction of the single coil of the electro
magnet Y.
By revolving the arm t², of the circuit breaker T, twice (the double switch O,
being open as described,) and thereby sending pulsations through the coils of the
electro magnets X and Y¹, the arm u6, will come into contact with the pin u¹¹, on
the fusee or spiral us, in all the instruments, and arrest the circuit closers U, in
unison with the circuit breaker T. Of course, it must be understood that the
index t, of the dial plate will point to zero when the circuit closers are at unison.
When the key 68, is depressed and the circuits are simultaneously closed through.
the lines 40, 41, 44, 45, 42 and 43 and electro magnets Y and Y', the armature. u27,
will be attracted while the electro magnets X, X', will neutralize each other and
the bent lever u20, will release the unison arm or tongue u6, from the stop ull, and
the springs u25, 26, of the arm us, will return this tongue to its initial point ready.
to commence its travel anew.
The metallic contacts u17 and 18, on the circuit closer U, are set at any number
that may be desired, say at number one, so as to be brought into contact with the
springs u' and us, when the ratchet wheel u12, is moved one notch to close the main
line circuit of the first receiver through the springs u', u³, u³, and u¹º, and lines 47,
48, 49, 50, around the automatic switch O.
Each instrument in the line has its metallic points u17 and u18, of the circuit
closer U, set one division behind that of the metallic points on the circuit closer of
the preceding one, so that by turning the circuit breaker T, each instrument in line
is successively brought into and out of circuit until the instrument is reached upon
which it may be desired to record impressions.
The method and manner of spacing between lines at any point in the excursion
of the paper carriage will now be described.
A square or feathered shaft k¹, is held within and supported by bearings on the
frame A³, of the carriage and moving therewith during its excursion. To this
shaft k¹, is secured an arm k², bifurcated at one end and engaging with a link k³,
by means of suitable bearings. The arm k², held laterally by the arms k, has a
quare or feathered hole permitting the shaft k³, to. move freely through it yet
reventing any rotation of it therein.
A link k³, connects this arm k², to the bent lever, of the armature k, of the
lectro magnet K. On the extremities of the shaft k¹, are fixed arms k³, carrying.
awls k7, held in contact with the ratchets a¹³, by the spring k³.
Upon the depression of the key 66, when the instruments in circuit stand at¸
nison, and the main lines are broken at the circuit breakers N, N¹, but closed at
he double switch O, the branch lines 39 and 41, are closed to the spring 88, and.
hence through lines. 22, 21, 20, 16, 6, 9, to the binding post P³, into the main

page_text: "
line circuit.
turns
the
This pulsation energizes the electro magnet K, and
ratchets a¹³, of the feed roller a14, one notch, feeding the paper the space between
two lines.
To release the paper carriage at any point in its excursion the key 67, is depressed,
while the main line circuits are open at the circuit breakers N, N', at unison, closing 5
the branch lines 38 and 40, through the spring 8, of the commutator S¹, thence by
line 19, to the electro magnet M, and by lines 18, 17, 15, 7, 8, to the binding post P²,
and thence to the other instruments in circuit, or to ground. When the electro
magnet M, is energized by a pulsation on this line its armature M¹, attached to its
lever a28, linked to another lever a29, attached to an arm aso, pivoted to the shaft a²³,
(fig. 21,) or to the armature M¹, may be secured to the arm a28, as shown in
figs. 1 and 2, secured to the shaft a³¹, of the automatic releasing T-shaped device a",
and which is attracted, oscillating this T-shaped device laterally, and causing it to
be locked by the spring latch a2, engaging with the pin a¹. This movement of
the T-shaped bar a¹, causes the pins a¹ and a20, to release the dog a³, and pawl a²;
from the rack A6, permitting the carriage at any point in its excursion to return
to its initial point for presenting the left hand margin of the paper to the type
wheel. The recoil of the carriage releases the T-shaped bar a¹, from its spring
latch a, as hereinabove fully explained.
The paper carriage of the instruments connected in circuit are brought to unison
by sending successive pulsations over both lines by depressing the key b³, while the
type wheels are at unison, which closes the branch local circuit through the relay G,
thus closing both lines simultaneously and energizing the ratchet electro magnet E,
as hereinbefore described, on both the transmitting and receiving instruments.
This causes the respective paper carriages to travel until automatically released, or
all the paper carriages in the series may be released by depressing the key b'.
When the paper carriages recoil, the arm a², attached to the frame A³, of the
carriage, strikes the springs o¹, os, of the automatic double switch O, breaking the
main line circuits through the compound relays H, H¹, as previously described,
and closing the branch circuits through the differential and independent electro
magnets X, X', and Y, Y¹, respectively. The local circuit through the ratchet
electro magnet E, cannot now be closed by the compound relay H, H¹. The
individualizing circuit closer U, are then revolved by turning the circuit breaker T,
until the branch lines 47, 48, 49, and 50, are closed around the double switch O,
which again restores the main line circuits through the compound relays H, H¹
This switch O, is thereafter closed by the first movement of the paper carriage A³,
which restores the main line circuits through the double switch O.
The paper carriages of the respective instruments will now, of course, start on
their excursion in unison, and at each recoil movement of said carriages the
interruptor of the main line circuits by the circuit breakers Z, will indicate to
the operator the moment when each carriage is returning to its initial starting
point.
The main line circuits for operating the electro magnets H, H¹, I, I, J, J, K,
M, X, X¹, and Y, Y¹, by main line batteries have been herein before fully described,
but I do not, however, confine myself to such method of operating them as these
electro-maguets may be energized and operated by local battery circuits controlled
by relays in the main lines in a manner well understood by persons skilled in
electrical science.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. The combination of a battery, two electro magnets in the circuit of said
battery, the armature levers of said electro magnets carrying respectively ancho
pallets, the pallets on each lever controlling one of two scape wheels secured to
shaft or sleeve thereon, the teeth in one scape wheel alternating with the teeth in
the other scape wheel and the armature levers operated alternately and successively

page_text: by pulsations over two conductors in the circuit of said battery, substantially as
and for the purposes set forth.
•
2. The combination, of a battery two electro magnets in the circuit of said
battery, the armature levers of said electro magnets carrying respectively, double
wedge pallets, two scape wheels secured to a shaft, the teeth of one scape wheel
alternating with the teeth of the other scape wheel and operating alternately and
successively by pulsations over two conductors in the circuit of said battery,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
3. The combination of two scape wheels rigidly secured to the type wheel shaft
or a sleeve thereon, double pallets actuated by separate line wires, two escapement
electro magnets, the escapement electro magnets being energized and demagnetized
alternately and successively by pulsations over the respective conductors and the
teeth in the respective scape wheels alternating and so arranged as to cause the
type wheels to move continuously by intermittent steps the space of one character
at each make and the space of one character at each break of the circuit in the
respective lines, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
4. In a printing telegraph, two escapement electro magnets with their armatures,
levers, pallets and adjusting springs and a centrally pivoted lever to the ends of
which the prolongations of said springs are secured, said lever being pivoted
between two clamping jaws, one of said jaws being rigidly attached to an adjusting
rod and the other jaw being attached to a sleeve loose on said rod and engaging
with the fixed jaw, a clamping screw and key for said rod and an adjusting screw
on said key by the combined operation of which equal adjustment of the springs
and levers is secured, substantially as described.
5. A compound or duplex relay, provided with compound armatures secured to
a centrally pivoted lever linked to a relay tongue, the relay tongue carrying at one
end a contact point and an insulated post in close proximity thereto, said compound
relay so organized as to vibrate its armatures without actuating the relay tongue
when energized alternately by alternate pulsations over the respective conductors,
and actuating both armatures and tongue when pulsations over the respective
conductors energize the electro magnets simultaneously, substantially as described.
6. In a combined transmitting and receiving instrument, the combination with
a circuit switch and its shaft, of commutators provided with circuit springs, an
arm on, said shaft connected to a pivoted lever engaging in a movable clutch on
the type wheel shaft, an arm on the commutator shaft supporting a stirrup around
the unison bow arm, and an arm on said shaft connected with a locking device for
the unison bow, all arranged and operating substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
7. The combination with the indicator or type wheel shaft of a combined instru-
ment, of a scape wheel or wheels of a printing telegraph receiver carried on a sleeve
on said shaft and controlled by pallets vibrated by an electro magnet or electro
magnets, whereby the scape wheels and type wheels are rotated in response to inter-
mittent electrical pulsations from a transmitter, said scape wheel or wheels being
secured to a sleeve attachable to and detachable from the shaft by means of a
clutch and actuated by the same driving mechanism that moves the type wheel
or wheels when used as a transmitter, and means substantially as described for
changing the transmitter to a receiver and vice versa.
8. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a transversely travelling paper
carriage, wheels attached to said carriage travelling over rails secured to a hori-
zontal platform, a paper roller held in bearings in said carriage, feed rollers
journalled in the frame of said carriage below the plane of the type wheel or
wheels, said feed rollers operating to feed the paper upwards through vertical and
lateral straight guides, the guides being so arranged that the paper is presented in
a flat sheet in front of the type wheel or wheels without obstruction to the
impressions, substantially as described.
9. In printing telegraphs, a double switch in each instrument automatically
operated by the recoil movement of a paper carriage to interrupt the circuit

page_text: through a compound relay employed to close the local circuit through a ratchet
electro magnet operating to advance the paper carriage in each receiver, and an
individualizing circuit breaker operating from any transmitter in the circuit to
close the circuit in both transmitter and receiver connected in. the same main line
circuits around said automatic double switch, whereby the paper carriages of a
number of instruments connected in series are arrested at unison, substantially as
and for the purposes set forth.
10. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a transversely travelling paper
carriage, wheels attached to said carriage and travelling over rails secured to a
horizontal platform, a paper roller held in bearings in the sides of said carriage
vertical and lateral straight guides secured to said carriage, feed rollers journalled
in the frame of said carriage below said guides, a spacing rack attached to the
lower part of said carriage ratchets attached to said feed rollers, clicks secured to
the sides of said carriage for retaining said ratchets, and sliding arms movable
vertically in supports secured to said carriage and carrying pawls engaging in said
ratchets, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
11. .In a printing telegraph, the combination of a transversely travelling paper
carriage carrying the paper roller, feed rollers, and spacing rack, ratchets attached
to said feed rollers, clicks secured to the frame of said carriage for retaining said
ratchets, sliding arms movable in supports secured to said carriage, and carrying
pawls engaging in said ratchets, and a fixed incline plane engaging with said
sliding arms imparting thereto a vertically reciprocating motion, substantially as
and for the purposes set forth.
12. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a transversely travelling paper
carriage movable laterally en a horizontal plane on and between fixed supports
and carrying therewith the paper roller, feed rollers, and spacing rack, ratchets
attached to said feed rollers, clicks secured to the frame of said carriage for
retaining said ratchets, sliding arms movable in supports secured to said carriage
and carrying pawls engaging in said ratchets, an incline plane attached to a fixed
support engaging with said sliding arms, an automatic signalling circuit interruptor
and a double contact arm moving over the circuit springs of said interruptor to
maintain a closed circuit during the forward movement of said paper carriage and
over insulations during the retrograde movement of said carriage, substantially as
and for the purposes set forth.
13. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a transversely travelling paper
carriage, wheels attached to said carriage and travelling over rails secured to a
horizontal platform, a paper roller held in bearings in the sides of said carriage,
feed rollers journalled in the frame of said carriage below the plane of the type
wheel, vertical and lateral guides secured to said carriage, a rack actuated by a
pawl attached to a lever, its armature actuated by a ratchet electro magnet in the
same electrical circuit with a printing electro magnet for moving said carriage step
by step in one direction, and a spring or weight for returning said carriage in the
opposite direction, substantially as described.
14. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a transversely travelling paper
carriage, wheels secured to the said carriage and travelling over rails secured to a
horizontal platform, a paper roller held in bearings in the sides of said carriage,
feed rollers journalled in the frame of said carriage, vertical and lateral guides
secured to said carriage, a spacing rack attached to said carriage, ratchets attached
to feed rollers supported in the frame of said carriage, clicks secured to the sides of
said carriage for retaining said ratchets, sliding arms movable in supports secured
to said carriage and carrying pawls engaging in said ratchets, a printing hammer
and an electro magnet attached to a fixed support and a ratchet electro magnet in
the same electrical circuit with said printing electro magnet, substantially as and
for the purposes set forth.
15. In a printing telegraph, the combination of paper guides attached to a
carriage travelling laterally within fixed supports for presenting the paper in a flat
sheet and directing it vertically in front of the type wheel without obstruction to

page_text: the impressions, an electro magnet, lever pawl, dog and rack to feed the paper step
by step to space between letters, and an incline plane, pawl arms, pawl and
feed rollers to feed the paper vertically to space between lines by the recoil
movement of the paper carriage during its excursion, substantially as hereinbefore
set forth.
16. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a printing hammer and an
electro magnet attached to a fixed support in rear of the paper, a local circuit and
printing and ratchet electro magnets included in said circuit and energized thereby,
and an armature lever carrying a pawl and retracting spring, to move the paper
carriage when the circuit is interrupted, substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
17. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a transversely travelling paper
carriage, wheels secured thereto and travelling over rails secured to a horizontal
platform, an arm attached to said carriage, and moving therewith, an automatic
double switch and two telegraphic lines connected thereto, said arm at a pre-
determined point in its excursion actuating said double switch, substantially as
and for the purposes set forth.
18. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a laterally travelling paper
carriage carrying an arm which at a predetermined point in its excursion auto-
matically actuates a double switch, breaking the line circuits through the
escapement and differential electro magnets, and the compound relay controlling
the local circuit, means for again closing the main line circuits through said
electro magnets, and means for energizing the printing electro magnet and the.
ratchet electro magnet moving said paper carriage, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
19. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a transversely travelling paper.
carriage moving over a fixed plane, said carriage carrying an arm which at a
predetermined point in its excursion automatically breaks the main line circuits
through the escapement and differential electro magnets, and the compound relay
controlling the local circuit through the printing electro magnet, and the ratchet
electro magnet actuating the paper carriage, means substantially as described for
closing said circuits, one of said line circuits passing in one direction through the
coils of a differential electro magnet and through one branch of an independent
electro magnet, and the other in a reverse direction through the coils of said
differential electro magnet and directly through the other branch of the independent.
electro magnet, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
20. In a printing telegraph, the combination with a transversely travelling paper
carriage carrying a paper roller, feed rollers and spacing rack, of ratchets attached
to said feed rollers, clicks for holding said ratchets in position, sliding arms
movable in supports attached to said carriage, a fixed incline plane engaging with
said arms and imparting thereto a reciprocating motion, main line circuit contact
springs and interruptors for signalling the movement of the paper and carriage,
said carriage being moved step by step in one direction by a pawl attached to a
lever, an electromagnet attached to a fixed support actuating a lever through
which moves freely a square or feathered shaft supported within the frame of the
paper carriage, and means substantially as described, for feeding the paper step by
step. between lines, and an armature actuated by an electro magnet secured to
a fixed support, and operating a releasing device for returning the carriage to its
normal position by the action of a spring or weight, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
21. In a printing telegraph, the combination with an individualizing device
consisting of a shaft, ratchet, contact springs and a unison fusee, of a differential
electro magnet with its armature, lever, pawl, and retracting spring, for operating.
the ratchet of said individualizing device, and an electro magnet with independent
coils with its armature, lever, and retracting spring, for releasing the unison fusee
of said individualizing device, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

page_text: 22. In a printing telegraph; the combination of a differential electro magnet
with its armature lever and pawls for actuating ratchets, a circuit breaker and
unison fusee on the ratchet shaft, a pivoted unison latch, and means substantially as
described, for releasing said unison latch, substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
23. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a transversely travelling paper
carriage, wheels attached to said carriage and travelling over rails secured to a
horizontal platform, a spacing rack attached to said carriage, a ratchet electro
magnet supported upon said platform with its armature, lever, pawl and spring, for
moving said carriage step by step in one direction, and an automatic releasing
device substantially as described, secured to said platform and operated by said
paper carriage for permitting. the retrograde movement of the same, substantially as
and for the purposes set forth.
24. The character rods of a printing, telegraph transmitter in several horizontal
series radiating from the centre of and equidistant from one another around an
indicator shaft and segment, and arranged in series vertically above each other, the
number of rods in each horizontal series corresponding with the series of openings
in the indicator segment and the entire number of character rods, including the
unison rod, corresponding with the divisions on the type wheel, substantially as and
for the purposes set forth.
25. The combination with the radial character rods, of a printing telegraph
transmitter arranged in series vertically and horizontally and susceptible of a
reciprocating longitudinal movement, a metallic hub insulated from the indicator
shaft, metallic arms radiating from said hub at determinate angles and at heights
respectively, corresponding with the character rods, and impinging against said rods
when longitudinally advanced, and an insulated metallic spring bearing on said hub,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
26. The combination in a printing telegraph transmitter, of character rods
radiating from an indicator shaft and arranged in series one above the other, the
rods in each series equal to and corresponding with the series of openings in said
indicator segment and divisions on the type wheel, a segmental perforated indicator
segment concentric with the indicator shaft, insulated arms on said shaft arranged
radially therefrom and in such position as to impinge against said series of
character rods when longitudinally advanced, substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
27. The character rods of a printing telegraph transmitter radiating from the
centre of and equi-distant from one another around an indicator shaft, and arranged
in series above each other, each series equal in number to the openings corresponding
therewith in the indicator segment and the entire number of openings equal to the
divisions on the type wheel, in combination with the bell crank levers hinged to
supporting steps, of character key stems impinging against said bell crank levers
for advancing said rods horizontally, pins for limiting the forward movements of
said rods and springs for withdrawing said arms, substantially as described.
28. The character rods of a printing telegraph transmitter radiating from an
indicator shaft arranged in series corresponding with the number of openings in the
indicator segment, in combination with a unison rod having an insulated contact, of
levers and pins operating to withdraw said unison rod by the advance of any
character rod, and vice versa, substantially as described.
29. In a printing telegraph, the combination of two telegraph main lines, an
automatic double switch for breaking the main lines and closing branches thereof,
through a differential electro magnet actuating the individualizing circuit closer,
an independent coil electro magnet and a circuit breaker for signalling included in
said main lines, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
30. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a differential electro magnet
with its armature, lever and pawl, a click and ratchet for revolving the circuit
breaker, the circuit breaker and contact being adjustable on its shaft, and contact

page_text: springs for closing the circuit around the break in the main line at the automatic
circuit breaker, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
31. The combination in a unison stop, of a fusee on a revolving shaft, a unison
latch and pin susceptible of vertical and lateral motion and bearing on the spiral in
said fusee, springs for soliciting the latch vertically and laterally, an armature lever,
retracting spring, tripping lever, and an electro magnet with independent coils for
releasing the unison latch, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
32. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a local battery, ratchet and
printing electro magnets and a relay in the circuit of said battery, said circuit being
closed by contact between the revolving arms and character rods, and a duplicating
key with its contacts normally closed in said circuit, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
33. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a relay in the printing circuit of
a transmitter energized by said circuit, with its armature lever, and contact springs,
for simultaneously closing the main line circuits, and a compound relay in a
receiver energized by said circuits, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
34. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a battery and two telegraphic
main lines connecting the transmitting instrument with the receiving instrument,
with local batteries and circuits for both instruments commutators for changing the
line and local circuits, a loose sleeve on the type wheel shaft carrying scape wheels,
a unison spiral, spacing wheel, and a clutch for connecting said sleeve with the
type wheel shaft, thereby combining the actuating parts of a receiver with the
same train of gearing and motive power employed for operating a transmitter,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
35. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a .battery, two telegraphic main
lines connecting the transmitting instrument with the receiving instrument, local
batteries and circuits for both instruments, commutators substantially as described,
for changing the line and local circuits, means substantially as described, for
combining the actuating parts of a receiver with the same train of gearing and
motive power employed for operating a transmitter, and the local circuit of the
transmitting instrument closed by contact of the arms of the indicator segment
with any of the series of uninsulated character rods of said segment advanced
endwise and broken by the withdrawal thereof, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
36. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a battery, two main lines for
connecting a series of transmitters and receivers, local batteries and circuit for the
transmitters and receivers, commutators substantially as described for changing
the line and local circuits, means substantially as described for combining the
actuating parts of a receiver with the same train of gearing and motive power
employed for operating a transmitter, the local circuit of a transmitter closed by
contact of revolving arms with uninsulated character rods projected through an
indicator segment and broken by the withdrawal thereof, and the local circuit of a
receiver closed by an electro magnet responding to double line impulses, substan-
tially as described.
37. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a battery, two telegraphic main
lines, local batteries and circuits for transmitters and receivers, commutators
substantially as described for changing the line and local circuits, means for com-
bining the actuating parts of a receiver with the same train of gearing and motive
power employed for operating a transmitter, the local circuit of a receiver closed
by an electro magnet responding to double line impulses, the escapement differential
and compound relay electro magnets, of a receiver, responding to alternate impulses
in the main lines, said compound relay attracting both armatures and the differen-
tial electro magnet inert by simultaneous pulsations over both lines, substantially
as and for the purposes set forth.
38. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a battery, and two telegraphic
main lines, for connecting the transmitter and receiver, local batteries and circuits
for the transmitter and receiver, commutators for changing the line and local

page_text: circuits, means for combining the actuating parts of a receiver with the same train
of gearing and motive power employed for operating a transmitter, the local circuit
of a receiver closed by an electro magnet responding to double line impulses, the
escapement, differential and compound relay electro magnets of a receiver,
responding to alternate impulses over the main lines, said compound relay
attracting both armatures by simultaneous pulsations and the differential electro
magnet inert by simultaneous pulsations over both lines, and a relay in a local
circuit of a transmitter with contacts to close the main lines simultaneously,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
39. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a battery, and two main lines,
for connecting the transmitter and receiver, local batteries and circuits for the
transmitter and receiver, commutators for changing the line and local circuits,
means for combining the actuating parts of a receiver with the same train of
gearing and motive power employed for operating a transmitter, the local circuit
of a receiver closed by an electro magnet responding to double line impulses, the
escapement, differential and compound relay electro magnets of a receiver, respond-
ing to alternate impulses over the main lines, said compound relay attracting both
armatures by simultaneous pulsations, and the differential electro magnet inert by
simultaneous pulsations over both lines, a relay in a local circuit of a transmitter
with contacts to close the main lines simultaneously, a dial with a revolving indi-
vidualizing circuit breaker in a branch of the main lines of a transmitter, a key
in a branch of the main lines of a transmitter to close both lines simultaneously,
and keys in other branch circuits of a transmitter to close either main line, substan-
tially as and for the purposes set forth.
40. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a battery, two main lines for
connecting the transmitter and receiver, local batteries and circuits, commutators
for changing the line and local circuits, means substantially as described for com-
bining the actuating parts of a receiver with the same train of gearing and motive
power employed for operating a transmitter, and a differential electro magnet in
both a transmitter and a receiver to revolve a circuit closing device, substantially
as and for the purposes set forth.
41. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a battery, two main lines, local
batteries and circuits, commutators for changing the line and local circuits, a
differential electro magnet in the transmitter and receiver to revolve a circuit
closer, and an electro magnet with independent coils, and means substantially as
described, actuated thereby to release a unison latch, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
42. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a battery and two main lines,
local batteries and circuits, a differential electro magnet and an independent coil
electro magnet, in said circuits, a circuit closer, and means substantially as described,
for revolving the shaft carrying the circuit closer, a unison fusee on said shaft, and
means substantially as described for locking the same at unison with the revolving
circuit breaker at the zero point of its dial, substantially as and for the purposes.
set forth.
'
43. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a battery and two main lines,
local batteries and circuits, a differential electro magnet, and an independent coil
electro magnet in said circuits, and means substantially as described, for actuating
the same, an automatic double switch operated by the paper, carriage in its retro-
grade movement breaking the main line circuits through the compound relay,
escapement and differential electro magnets, and closing the branch circuits around
the same through the differential and independent coil electro magnets that actuate
the rotary branch circuit closer and release the unison latch, a circuit closing device
and means substantially as described, for revolving the shaft carrying the circuit.
closer and unison fusee, and means substantially as described, for locking the same
at unison with an insulation on the circuit breaker corresponding with zero on its
dial, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

page_text: 44. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a battery, and two telegraphic
main lines, local batteries and circuits, a differential electro magnet and an inde-
pendent coil electro magnet in said circuits, and means substantially as described,
for actuating the same, a circuit closing device and means substantially as described,
for revolving the shaft carrying the circuit closer, a unison fusee and means sub-
stantially as described, for locking and releasing the same at unison with the
revolving circuit breakers in a transmitter, an automatic switch operated by the
paper carriage in its retrograde movement, breaking the main line circuits in
the transmitter and through the compound relay, escapement and differential
electro magnets of the receiver, and closing the branch circuits through the
differential and independent coil electro magnets, the main line circuits being again
closed by branch lines connecting the springs brought into electrical contact by the
revolving circuit closer, substantially as described.
45. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a battery, two telegraphic main'
lines, a transversely travelling paper carriage moving in a horizontal plane, circuit
springs in said main lines attached to said carriage, and straight circuit springs
and insulations secured to the plane to maintain closed circuits in the main lines
during the forward movement of the paper carriage, and to interrupt the circuits in
said main lines during the retrograde movement of said carriage, substantially as
and for the purposes set forth.
46. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a battery, two telegraphic main
lines, circuit breakers at the transmitter, an electro magnet in a local circuit of the
transmitter operating a double switch to close both lines when the printing circuit
of the transmitter is closed and an individualizing circuit closer at the transmitter
and receiver in the main lines, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
47. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a battery and two main lines,
circuit breakers at the transmitter, an electro magnet in a local circuit of the
transmitter operating a double switch to close both main lines, an individualizing
circuit closer at the transmitter and receiver in the main lines, and an automatic
switch which by the movement of the paper carriage breaks the main lines and
closes a branch of said main lines, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
48. In å printing telegraph, the combination of a battery and two main lines,
circuit breakers at the transmitter, an electro magnet in a local circuit of the
transmitter operating a double switch to close both main lines, an individualizing
circuit closer at the transmitter and receiver in the main lines, a unison device'
for said circuit closer and an automatic switch which by the movement of the
transversely travelling paper carriage breaks the main lines and closes branch
circuits of said main lines, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
49. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a battery and two main lines,
circuit breakers at the transmitter, an electro magnet in a local circuit operating
by means substantially as described for closing both main lines, an individualizing
circuit closer at the transmitter and receiver in the main lines, an automatic circuit
breaker which by the movement of the paper carriage breaks the main lines and
closes branch circuits thereof, circuit springs in contact with the circuit closers'
included in a branch circuit to close the break in said main lines, substantially as
and for the purposes set forth.
50. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a battery, two telegraphic main
lines, circuit breakers at the transmitter, an electro magnet in a local circuit for
actuating a double switch to close both main lines, and individualizing circuit
closer at the transmitter and receiver in the main lines, a unison device and circuit
closer operative through single line pulsations and released through simultaneous
pulsations over both lines, a circuit breaker and indicating dial and a double line'
key in branch circuits of the main lines at the transmitter, substantially as and
for the purposes set forth.
51. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a battery and two main lines, a
branch of the main lines normally open, in the transmitter, connected to the main
lines of the receiver at a point beyond where they are broken by the commutators,
:

page_text: and passing through an electro magnet responding to prolonged impulses, said
electro magnet secured to the supports carrying the paper carriage, its armature
lever being connected to the shaft on which is pivoted the arm for automatically
releasing the pawl and dog from the rack moving the paper carriage, substantially
as and for the purposes set forth.
52. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a battery and two telegraphic
main lines, a branch of the main line circuits normally open, in the transmitter
connected to the main lines of the receiver at a point beyond where they are broken
by the commutator S, an electro magnet in one of the main line circuits, the
armature lever of said electro magnet being connected to the shaft on which is
pivoted the T-arm for automatically releasing the pawl and dog from the rack
moving the paper carriage, and a key 6, in said branch circuit, to send prolonged
impulses to energize said electro magnet, and operating to release the paper
carriages in both the transmitter and receiver at any point in their excursion,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
53. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a battery and two telegraphic
main lines, a branch of the main lines, normally open, in the transmitter connected
to the main lines of the receiver at a point beyond where they are broken by the
commutators and passing through an electro magnet secured to the supports
carrying the paper carriage, said electro magnet being energized by sending pro-
longed impulses by a key in said circuit, its armature actuating a lever through
which a square or feathered shaft pivoted on the paper carriage freely moves, arms
attached to the ends of said shaft carrying pawls engaging in the ratchet wheels of
the feed rollers, and operating when a key is depressed to feed the paper on both
transmitter and receiver at any point in the excursion of the respective paper
carriages, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
54. In a printing telegraph, the combination of the electro magnet K, secured to
the platform carrying the paper carriage, the armature lever k, linked to the
arm k³, held laterally and sliding freely without revolving on its shaft, said shaft
being secured between bearings supported on the paper carriage, arms ko, and
pawls k', on said shaft for feeding the paper at any point in its excursion, substan-
tially as and for the purposes set forth.
55. In a printing telegraph, the combination of the electro magnet M, secured to
the platform supporting the paper carriage, an armature lever, arms, shaft, and
automatic releasing device, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
56. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a unison device consisting of a
fusee us, a latch u, springs u25 28 magnet Y, Y', with its armature u", bent
lever us, and retracting spring 30,.substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
57. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a circuit closing device consisting
of the differential electro magnet X,X', with its armature u10, lever u20, and spring u³,
and the pawl 23, ratchet wheel u, dog u³, circuit closing contacts u¹7, 18, and
circuit springs u, us, u³, and ulo, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
58. In a printing telegraph, the combination with an automatic circuit switch
operated by the recoil movement of the paper carriage to break the main line
circuits and to close a branch circuit, of a transversely travelling paper carriage,
by the forward movement of which the automatic circuit switch breaks the branch
circuits and closes the main lines, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
59. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a battery and two main lines, an
indexed dial with its circuit breaker in one line, a circuit closer and differential
electro magnet in said line, a branch circuit of said lines closed by an automatic
switch, whereby the original main lines are broken, and means substantially as
described for revolving said circuit closer to restore the main lines around the
switch without restoring the original main lines or breaking the branch circuit,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
60. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a battery and two main lines, an
indexed dial with its circuit breaker in one line, a differential electro magnet and
an independent coil electro magnet in branches of the main lines, and an automatic

page_text: double switch, whereby the course of the original main lines is changed from the
escapement, compound relay and differential electro magnets, of a receiver, to said
differential electro magnet operating to revolve a circuit closer to restore the main
lines around said double switch without restoring the original main lines through
the same or breaking the branch circuits thereof, and said electro magnet with
independent coils in said branch circuits operating to release the unison latch of
said circuit closer, substantially as and. for the purposes set forth.
.
61. In a printing telegraph, the combination of insulated circuit springs 22, 23,
the metallic bearings 2, 2, in electrical connection therewith, the insulations 2, 21
supported on the transversely travelling paper carriage A³, and the insulated
bearing springs 25, 26, secured to the platform A³, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
62. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a battery and two main lines, an
individualizing circuit breaker T, in a branch of the main line circuits, normally
open, in the transmitter, the differential electro magnets in the transmitter and
receiver, one of the coils of each of said electro magnets being brought into circuit
with the circuit breaker T, through the operation of an automatic switch, and a
circuit closer revolved by said electro magnets, substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
63. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a battery and two main lines,
differential and independent coil electro magnets included in branch circuits of said
main lines, and an individualizing circuit closer operated by said electro magnets,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
64. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a battery and two telegraphic
main lines, a double line circuit closing key 68, normally open, in branches of said
main lines, an automatic double switch, for connecting the main lines to other
branch circuits, and electro magnets included in the latter branch circuits, substan-
tially as and for the purposes set forth.
65. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a key b¹, in a transmitter, an
insulated unison rod and a type wheel, by the depression of which key said unison
rod is withdrawn and the type wheel released without the depression of a
character key, substantially as described.
66. In a printing telegraph, the combination of an incline plane having a
projecting flange fitting loosely into a notch, and arms attached to a sliding dog for
causing a vertical reciprocating movement of the paper carriage without the
intervention of springs, substantially as described.
67. In a printing telegraph, the combination of an automatic device consisting
of a pivoted arm, pins, spring latch and arms secured to the paper carriage,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
68. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a battery and two main lines, a
key 67, normally open, in a transmitter, in a branch of the main lines connected to
one of the main lines beyond the commutator S₁, the electro magnet M, in the
circuit of said main line, the armature lever of said electro magnet connected to an .
automatic releasing device, said electro magnet when energized by prolonged
pulsations through the depression of said key operating to release the paper
carriage at any point in its excursion, substantially as described.
69. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a battery and two main lines, a
key be, normally open, in a transmitter, in a branch of the main lines, connected to
one of the main lines beyond the commutator S¹, the electro magnet K, in the
circuit of said main line, and with its armature lever, link, shaft, and pawls; said
electro magnet when energized by prolonged pulsations through said key operating
to feed the paper step by step to space between lines at any point in its excursion,
substantially as described.
70. In a printing telegraphs, the method of effecting unison of the paper
carriages by automatically or otherwise interrupting the circuits of the main lines
or of local circuits controlled by relays on the main lines, substantially as and for
the purposes set forth.

page_text: 71. In a printing telegraph, a vibrating segmental frame for holding the paper
on which impressions are to be made and a vertically pivoted shaft to which said
segmental frame is attached, substantially as described.
72. As an improvement in printing telegraphs, a segment of a cylinder or
segmental frame secured to a vertical shaft pivoted to a fixed support, said
segmental frame holding the paper on which impressions are to be made and
vibrating in a circular are contiguous to the type wheel, in combination with a
helicoidal plane concentric with said segmental frame or cylindrical segment, and
secured to a fixed support, sliding pawls actuated by said plane and engaging in
ratchet wheels, and operating feed wheels secured to the shafts of said ratchet
wheels for pressing the paper against rollers attached to said segmental frame, the
whole operating by the recoil movement of the segmental frame to feed the paper
vertically a space between two lines, substantially as described.
73. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a vibrating segmental frame, the
ratchet and printing electro magnets, the electro magnets supported on a table
secured to a fixed support and the cylindrical segment swinging on a spindle
supported thereby, a plane for feeding the paper vertically secured to said support
and ratchets, feed rollers, dogs, and clutches secured to the vibrating cylindrical
segment, for feeding the paper horizontally for spacing letters and vertically for
spacing between lines; substantially as described.
74. In a printing telegraph receiver, circuit springs and interrupting insulations
secured to a support contiguous to the movable paper carrier, and circuit springs
secured to said paper carrier, the latter springs arranged to maintain electrical
contact with the former springs and insulations or vice versa, during the forward
movement of said carrier and to traverse insulations during the reverse movement,
a battery circuit in which said springs and insulations are included, and a
galvanometer in the same circuit at the transmitter to signal the return movement
of said paper carrier, substantially as described.
75. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a movable rack and a releasing
device secured to a fixed support, consisting of the pivoted T-arm with pins acting
to engage and release a pawl and dog from said rack, a pin engaging in a latch to
retain said T-arm when moved forward by a stop secured to the paper carriage, and
a spring to return said T-arm when the latch is released by a stop on said paper
carriage, substantially as and for the purposes described.
76. In a printing telegraph, an adjustable spring secured to the top plate of the
instrument by a pivoted stud adjustable through a slotted arm movable on a stud
pin, on which is a clamping nut, and all arranged for adjusting said spring to its
proper position, substantially as described.
77. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a printing electro magnet with
its armature and a hammer actuated thereby, a table in the interior of a
vibrating segmental frame and a vibrating segmental frame secured to a shaft held
in bearings attached to a fixed support, substantially as and for the purposes
.described.
78. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a type wheel and means for
rotating the same, a centrally pivoted vibrating segmental frame for supporting the
paper adjacent to the periphery of said type wheel, a battery and an electro
magnet in the circuit of said battery, with means substantially as described,
actuated thereby for feeding the paper by a vibratory step by step movement to
space between letters in a horizontal line, an incline plane, and means substan-
tially as described; actuated thereby during the reciprocating movement of said
vibrating segmental frame to feed the paper vertically the space between lines and
an electro magnet in said battery circuit with means substantially as described for
making impressions.
79. In a printing telegraph, the combination of an adjustable centrifugal
governor, a cross arm loose on its shaft supporting weighted arms embraced by a
coiled spring and pivoted at their upper ends, said arms bearing at their lower
weighted ends by centrifugal force against the interior of a circular rim, the cross

page_text: •
arms carrying adjustable springs to regulate the friction between the springs and
the conical frictional hub secured to said shaft and the adjusting rod carrying a
fork engaging in a grooved bub attached to and supporting the cross arm to
regulate the frictional bearing of the springs by the vertical movement of said cross
arm, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
80. In a printing telegraph, the combination of an indicator shaft carrying a
revolving arm and contact spring, a series of metallic pins so arranged as to arrest
said arm at intervals corresponding, with the characters on the type wheel, arms
for operating said metallic pins, a shaft with a type wheel thereon, a centrifugal
adjustable governor actuated from the type wheel shaft and printing and ratchet
electro magnets in a local circuit closed by contact between said arms and pins,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
81. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a battery, main line circuit and
interruptors included therein, attached to the vibrating segmental frame of a
receiver, means substantially as described for maintaining and interrupting said
circuit operated by the vibrating segmental frame to maintain a closed circuit
during the operation of printing and to automatically break the circuit by the
recoil movement of said vibrating segmental paper carrier, indicating through a
galvanometer in said circuit at the transmitter, when the circuit is interrupted
by the recoil movement of said vibrating segmental. paper carrier, whereby the
vibrating segmental paper carrier of the transmitter may be brought into unison
with that of the receiver and similar spacing and paragraphing maintained on both
instruments, substantially as described.
82. The combination of the indicator plate seated in a recessed stop secured to
the bed plate, of a detachable shaft bearing in the indicator plate and upon a
secondary step, said detachable shaft carrying a circuit closing arm below said
indicator plate, the whole arranged for permitting the removal of the mechanical
and electro magnetic devices without disturbing said indicator plate or lever arms,
substantially as described.
83. The combination with the type wheels of a printing telegraph transmitter
and receiver, of a vibrating segmental frame secured to a pivoted shaft with means
for holding a sheet of paper in the interior of a segmental frame contiguous to the
type wheel and an electro magnet secured to a fixed support with its armature,
lever, pawl, dog, and spring, a ratchet secured to the segmental frame, a weight
hung from and soliciting the segmental frame, and ratchets, pawls, wheels, and
rollers, the arm carrying the pawls riding over an incline plane, and moved thereon
by the force applied to the segmental frame, substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
84. In a printing telegraph, the combination, of a unison spiral on a loose sleeve
on the type wheel shaft, a unison latch to arrest said spiral, a compound relay in
two separate lines of a battery circuit said relay operating by means substantially
as described to release the unison latch, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
85. In a printing telegraph, the combination, of a unison spiral and letter spacing
wheel on a sleeve the type wheel shaft, and means substantially as described for
securing said sleeve to said shaft, a unison latch to arrest said spiral, a compound
relay in two separate lines of a battery circuit, said relay operating by means
substantially as described to release the unison latch and a differential electro
magnet in both lines operating by means substantially as described to arrest the
type wheels, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
86. As an improvement in printing telegraphs, a differential relay in a double
line cireuit with a lever arm and spring for holding the type wheel during the
printing or while rotating the paper carrier when the unison latch is released, by
currents sent simultaneously over both lines, said differential relay being rendered
inert by double line pulsations, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
87. The combination, of a battery and two telegraphic main lines, two escape-
ment electro magnets, a compound or duplex relay for closing the paper feeding
and printing circuits and a differential magnet included in the circuit of the main

page_text: lines or in a local circuit controlled by two neutral relays in the main lines, to lock
the type wheel of a receiver, automatic circuit interruptors in the main lines, local
batteries and circuits for both transmitter and receiver, the local circuit through
the transmitter energizing the impression and paper feeding electro magnets, and
a relay which closes simultaneously the main line circuits actuating the compound
or duplex relay and differential electro magnet of the receiver and closing by
means of the compound and duplex relay the local circuit of the receiver through
the impression and paper feeding electro magnets.
88. The combination, of a battery and two telegraphic main lines, two escape-
ment electro magnets, a compound or duplex relay to close the paper feeding and
printing circuits, and a differential electro magnet included in the circuit of said
main lines or in a local circuit controlled by two neutral relays in the main lines
to lock the type wheel of a receiver, and local batteries and circuits for both
transmitter and receiver, the local circuit through the transmitter energizing the
impression and paper feeding electro magnets, and a relay which closes simul-
taneously the main line circuits actuating the compound or duplex relay and
differential electro magnet of the receiver, and closing by means of the compound
or duplex relay the local circuit of the receiver through the impression and paper
feeding electro magnets, a key in the branch to the local circuit of transmitter for
closing the main line circuits simultaneously, thereby actuating the paper feeding
devices without making impressions, substantially as and for the
described.
purposes
89. The combination, of a battery and two telegraphic main lines, two escape-
ment electro magnets, a compound or duplex relay to close the paper feeding and
printing circuits of a receiver, and for releasing the unison latch, a differential
electro magnet included in the circuit of the main lines or in a local circuit
controlled by two neutral relays in the main lines to lock the type wheel of the
receiver, automatic circuit interruptors in the main lines, local batteries and circuits
for both transmitter and receiver, the local battery and circuit through the trans-
mitter energizing the impression and paper feeding electro magnets and a relay
which closes simultaneously the main line circuits actuating the compound or duplex
relay and differential electro magnet of the receiver, and by means of the compound
or duplex relay closing the local circuit of the receiver through the impression and
paper feeding electro magnets, a key in the branch to the local circuit of the
transmitter, for closing the main line circuits simultaneously to actuate the paper
feeding devices without making impressions, a unison key to release the circuit
breaker thereby causing alternate pulsations to be sent over the respective lines to
bring the instruments to unison.
90. The combination, of a battery and two telegraphic main lines, two escape-
ment electro magnets, a compound or duplex relay to close the paper feeding
and printing circuits of a receiver and for releasing the unison latch, a differential
electro magnet included in the circuit of the main lines or in a local circuit
controlled by two neutral relays in the main lines to lock the type wheel of a
receiver, automatic circuit breakers in the main lines, local batteries and circuits
for both transmitter and receiver, the local battery and circuit through the trans-
mitter energizing the impression and paper feeding electro magnets, and a relay
which closes simultaneously the main line circuits actuating the compound or
duplex relay and differential electro magnet of the receiver, and by means of the
compound or duplex relay closing the local circuit of the receiver through the
impression and paper feeding electro magnets, a key in the branch to the local
circuit of the transmitter, for closing the main line circuits simultaneously to
actuate the paper feeding devices without making impressions, a unison key to
release the circuit breaker, thereby causing alternate pulsations to be sent over the
respective lines to bring the instruments to unison, a releasing key for unlocking
the unison bow of the transmitter, and for closing the branch local circuit in the
transmitter through a relay operating to send simultaneous pulsations to the
compound or duplex relay of the receiver to disengage the unison latch, substantially
as and for the purposes set forth.

page_text: 91. The combination of a battery and two telegraphic main lines, two escape-
ment electro magnets, a compound or duplex relay, a differential electro magnet
included in the circuit of the main lines or in a local circuit controlled by two
neutral relays in the main lines, local batteries and circuits for both the transmitter
and receiver, the local battery and circuit through the transmitter energizing the
impression and paper feeding electro magnets and a relay. which closes simul-
taneously the main line circuits actuating the compound or duplex relay and
differential electro magnet of the receiver and by means of the compound or duplex
relay closing the local circuit of the receiver through the impression and paper
feeding electro magnets, a key in the branch to the local circuit of the transmitter
for closing the main line circuits simultaneously to actuate the paper feeding
devices without making impressions, a unison key to release the circuit breaker
thereby causing alternate pulsations to be sent over the respective lines to bring
the instruments to unison, a releasing key for unlocking the unison bow of the
transmitter and for closing the branch local circuit in the transmitter through a
relay operating to send simultaneous pulsations to the compound or duplex relay
of the receiver to disengage the unison latch, circuit springs in said branch circuit
automatically breaking the same by the release of the unison bow before motion
is imparted to the main line circuit breaker, and means substantially as described
for changing the circuits in a transmitter to the circuits in a receiver and
vice versa.
In witness whereof I the said Jacob Hayes Linville, have hereunto set my.
hand and seal, the 23rd day of July in the year of our Lord one thousand
eight hundred and eighty.siv
Witnesses:
JOHN WALTER DOUGLASS.
HERMANN L. BORMANN.
JACOB HAYS LINVILLE. (L.S.)
Carpmael & Co.,
Agents for the Applicants.