Improvements in Automatic and Non-automatic Water-gauges and Gauge-cocks for Steam Boilers and other purposes.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Feb., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 11th Dec., 1890-Accepted, 11th Feb., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Automatic and Non-automatic Water-gauges and
Gauge-cocks for Steam Boilers and other purposes.
I, ABRAHAM PULLAN of 118 Woodpecker Road, New Cross in the County of
Kent, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
This invention relates to certain improvements upon Letters Patent No. 2515
dated June 9th 1881 and granted to the said Abraham Pullan and John Rudolph
Meihe, and consists in simplifying the construction and use of automatic and non-
automatic water gauges and gauge cocks and in enabling the automatic signal and
equilibrium valves to be taken out for cleaning or repairing with the full pressure
of steam in the boiler (or in some cases with no steam in the boiler) and without
removing the gauge glass from the packing boxes or the test or blow-through cock
from the arm of the gauge. While such cleaning or repairs are being done the
gauge can be in operation as a non-automatic gauge.
An always recurring danger is the liability of the passages to the boiler becoming
choked with sediment or other substances and causing a false indication by
leaving water in the gauge glass when it may be dangerously low in the boiler.
This danger is entirely removed by retaining the scrapers or passage-cleaners on the
spindles L in the passages, shown by Figs. 94, 95 and 100 in the Specification of
the before mentioned Letters Patent. The said scrapers do not interfere with the
operation of the automatic signal and equilibrium valves, nor with the removal
thereof, which is a great advantage and secures the safety of the boiler, engineers
and stokers.
I find from long experience that without the further improvements as herein set
forth that the automatic water gauge is practically useless as it cannot be relied
upon. Therefore I now make the lower arm of the gauge (Fig. 100, before
referred to) in the same form as the top arm, reversed, and fit the blow-through
cock at the side thereof. Or the bridge piece with automatic valve B in the bottom
arm is inade with a slot or opening in its side so that the said valve may be taken
out when the blow-through cock or plug under the arm is removed after the screw-
valves with scrapers at their ends are closed to the boiler. Or the automatic valves
may be fitted through the sides of the arms above and below the gauge glass, or in
any other part of the arms or the side passages thereto so that they may be taken
out for cleaning or the like, without interfering with the gauge glass, blow-through
cock or scrapers or removing the gauge from the boiler. When plug cocks are
used between the boiler and the gauges glass I fit the scrapers through the passages
thereof the said scrapers working in packing boxes in front of the arms in the place
of the ordinary cleaning screw. When it is required to shut off the cocks the
scrapers are drawn forward out of their passages against a stop. These scrapers
I apply to plug cocks of non-automatic water gauges and plug gauge cocks.
some cases the plug cock or shut off valve, in the top arm may be dispensed with,
leaving only the signal and equilibrium hole (as shown and described in the before
mentioned Letters Patent, Figs. 94, 100 & 106, letter J) having a valve seating
fitted with a small screw valve, to be shut when putting in a new gauge glass. The
said screw valve has a scraper at its end to keep the signal and equilibrium hole
clear.
In
This arrangement I apply to non-automatic water gauges also, and thus when a
glass breaks a small quantity of steam only escapes from the top arm and the
boiling water blowing up from the bottom arm is not spread around on to the
attendants which is the case with the non-automatic water gauge now in use. Or I fit
an automatic valve in the top arm only upon the end of the gauge glass, and when the

page_text: glass breaks the broken piece is blown out of the packing box and the valve fits
upon the face over the same in the arm and shuts the steam off from the boiler.
Thus there is no downward column of steam to spread the water rising from the
bottom arm,
which acts as a signal that the glass is broken.
In this arrangement
there is only one tap or valve to be disconnected from the boiler instead of two, and
a valve placed at the lower end of the glass also, makes the common water gauge
entirely automatic.
In Fig. 94 of the before mentioned Letters Patent it will be observed that the
automatic valve B with its spindle and scraper cannot be taken out for repairs or
the like without the removal of the arms of the gauge from the boiler. To be
enabled to do this I now make the automatic valve seat, the screw shut-off valve
seat,, and the packing box fitted with the combined automatic valve spindle and
scraper, to screw into the arm from the front, the said packing box making a joint
at its inner end upon a conical seat in the body of the arm and having a lock-nut
making a joint on the face thereof. Or I make in the front of the arm a long taper
seat and fit the same with a hollow plug with a packing box in front.
The automatic valve spindle works in the shank of the said plug and the valve
upon a seat at the inner end of same. I make the elbows which hold the glass
separate from the arms or taps and screw them into the sides thereof for either
single or compound water gauges. I also apply this invention generally for
automatically shutting off steam water compressed air gas or the like as from
a fracture of a pipe (similar to the fracture of the gauge glass) or too free emission
from any cause. Another cause of trouble with plug cock water gauges is that all
the action is upon one test or blow-through cock. I now dispense with the said
cock and make a durable and easily repaired valve, adapted for use where impurities
of any description pass with the water or steam. It consists of the combination
with a sharp cone-shaped valve seat made of phosphor bronze, hardened steel or the
like, of a solid screw-stemmed plug of copper or other metal softer than the seat,
and fitted through a packing box in front of the valve case, in which it works,
forming a valve always working itself tight.
When requisite the seat can be renewed, and the burr filed off the plug, when
the gauge is as good as new. It may be used wherever valves are required and
with the least attention leakage is impossible.
When the attendant has to leave the boiler for a time I can fit a steam whistle
to the automatic valve in the top arm of the gauge, so as to give a signal in the
event of the glass being broken.
Bated
11th day of February 1830.
COMPLETE
SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Automatic and Non-automatic Water-gauges and
Gauge-cocks for Steam Boilers and other purposes.
I, ABRAHAM PULLAN, of 118 Woodpecker Road, New Cross, in the County of
Kent, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :—
This invention relates to certain improvements upon Letters Patent No. 2515
dated June 9th 1881 and granted to the said Abraham Pullan and John Rudolph
Meihe, and consists in simplifying the construction and use of automatic and non-
automatic water gauges and gauge cocks and in enabling the automatic signal and
equilibrium valves to be taken out for cleaning or repairing with the full pressure,
of steam in the boiler (or in some cases with no steam in the boiler) and without
removing the gauge glass from the packing boxes or the test or blow-through
cock from the arm of the gauge. While such cleaning or repairs are being done
the gauge can be in operation as a non-automatic gauge.
An always recurring danger is the liability of the passages to the boiler becoming.

page_text: choked with sediment or other substances and causing a false indication by leaving
water in the gauge glass when it may be dangerously low in the boiler. This danger
is entirely removed by retaining the scraper or passage cleaners on the spindles L
in the passages, shown by Figures 94, 95 and 100 in the Specification of the before
mentioned Letters Patent. The said scrapers do not interfere with the operation of
the automatic signal and equilibrium valves, nor with the removal thereof which is
a great advantage and secures the safety of the boiler, engineers and stokers.
I find from long experience that, without the further improvements as herein set
forth, that the automatic water gauge is practically useless as it cannot be relied upon.
Therefore I now make the lower arm of the gauge (Figure 100 before referred to)
in the same form as the top arm, reversed, and fit the blow-through cock at the
side thereof. Or the bridge piece with automatic valve B in the bottom arm is
made with a slot or opening in its side so that the said valve may be taken.out
when the blow-through cock or plug under the arm is removed after the screw
valves with scrapers at their ends are closed to the boiler. Or the autom.itic
valves may be fitted through the sides of the arms above and below the gauge
glass or in any other part of the arms or the side passages thereto, so that they
may be taken out for cleaning or the like without interfering with the gauge glass,
blow-through cock, or scrapers, or removing the gauge from the boiler. When
plug cocks are used between the boiler and the gauge glass I fit the scrapers
through the passages thereof, the said scrapers working in packing boxes in front of
the arms in the place of the ordinary cleaning screw. When it is required to shut
off the cocks the scrapers are drawn forward out of their passages against a stop.
These scrapers
I apply to plug cocks of non-automatic water gauge and plug
gauge cocks. In some cases the plug cock or shut off valve in the top arm may
be dispensed with, leaving only the signal and equilibrium hole (as shewn and
described in the before mentioned Letters Patent Figures 94, 100 and 106
letter J) having a valve seating fitted with a small screw valve to be shut when
putting in a new gauge glass. The said screw valve has a scraper at its end to
keep the signal and equilibrium hole clear. This arrangement I apply to non-
automatic water gauges also and thus when a glass breaks a small quantity of
steam only escapes from the top arm and the boiling water blowing up from the
bottom arm is not spread around on to the attendants, which is the case with the
non-automatic water gauge now in use. Or I fit an automatic valve in the top
arm only upon the end of the gauge glass and when the glass breaks the broken
piece is blown out of the packing box and the valve fits upon the face over the
same in the arm and shuts the steam off from the boiler. Thus there is no
downward column of steam to spread the water rising from the bottom arm, which
acts as a signal that the glass is broken. In this arrangement there is only one
tap or valve to be disconnected from the boiler instead of two, and a valve
placed at the lower end of the glass also makes the common water gauge
entirely automatic.
In Figure 94 of the before mentioned Letters Patent it will be observed that
the automatic valve B with its spindle and scraper cannot be taken out for repairs
or the like without the removal of the arms of the gauge from the boiler. To be
enabled to do this I now make the automatic valve seat, the screw shut-off valve
seat and the packing box fitted with the combined automatic valve spindle and
scraper, to screw into the arm from the front, the said packing box making a joint
at its inner end upon a conical seat in the body of the arm and having a lock-nut
making a joint on the face thereof. Or I. make in the front of the arm a long
taper seat and fit the same with a hollow plug with a packing box in front. The
automatic valve spindle works in the shank of the said plug and the valve upon a
seat at the inner end of same. I make the elbows which hold the glass separate
from the arms or taps and screw them into the sides thereof for either single
compound water gauges. I also apply this invention generally for automatically
shutting off steam, water, compressed air, gas, or the like as from a fracture of a
pipe (similar to the fracture of the gauge glass) or too free emission from any
or

page_text: cause. Another cause of trouble with plug cock water gauges is that all the action
is upon one test or blow-through cock. I now dispense with the said cock and make a
durable and easily repaired valve adapted for use where impurities of any description
pass with the water or steam. It consists of the combination, with a sharp cone shaped
valve seat made of phosphor bronze hardened steel or the like, of a solid screw-
stemmed plug of copper or other metal softer than the seat and fitted through a
packing box in front of the valve case in which it works forming a valve always
working itself tight. When requisite the seat can be renewed and the burr filed off
the plug, when the gauge is as good as new. It may be used wherever valves
are required and with the least attention leakage is impossible. When the
attendant has to leave the boiler for a time I can fit a steam whistle to the
automatic valve in the top arm of the gauge so as to give a signal in the event of
the glass being broken.
And in order that my invention may be clearly understood I append seven sheets
of explanatory drawings to be hereafter referred to, representing the methods in
which it may be applied. Like figures and letters indicate corresponding parts
throughout the drawings.
Figure 1 represents a side elevation of my automatic screw valve water gauge,
with scrapers or passage cleaners applied thereto. The lower arm B is shewn in
section, 3 are the automatic valves upon the spindles 3b, working in the packing
boxes 3. The spherical or other valves 3, with these spindles 3b are suspended in
the packing boxes 3d over the top and under the bottom of the gauge glass 3. 1.
These packing boxes with loose seating 18 have steam and water passages or
ports 21 in them, leading to ports 23 in the arms A and B of the gauge, then into
chambers 24, under and over the gauge glass 3. 1. When the glass breaks, the
pressure of steam drives the automatic valves 3 against the seatings 12 at the top
and bottom (the top arm B is precisely the same as the bottom reversed) of the
gauge and shuts the communications between gauge and boiler or power reservoir.
(The hole or port 13 signals the glass is broken to be hereinafter explained.) When
a new glass is put in, the automatic valves 3 are again in action and equilibrium,
by the signal and equilibrium hole or port 13 above referred to and which will be
shewn in other views. Or the automatic valves can be pressed from their seats by
the knob on the end of the spindles 3". Then the screw valves 6ª are opened from
their seats 6". These screw valves are shut off before commencing to put in a new
gauge glass, to shut off the steam that is coming out of the signal and equilibrium
hole (not shewn in Figure 1) in the top arm A.
The scrapers
in the horizontal
passages 4 from the boiler or power reservoir are turned round by the hand wheels 2
and thus the passages 4 are kept perfectly clean. To enable the automatic valves 3
and seatings 18 to be taken out for cleaning or repairing with the full pressure of
steam in the boiler or power reservoir, and without removing the gauge glass from
the packing boxes, or the test or blow-through cock from the arm of the gauge, the
valves 6 are shut and the seatings 18, with the automatic valves therein, are
unscrewed from the arms A and B. Solid duplicate plugs are then screwed into
the spaces left by the removal of the seatings A and B, and the screw valves 6ª
opened. The gauge is now working as an ordinary non-automatic water gauge.
This operation can be effected in a few minutes. The test or blow-through cock 9
is shewn fixed on the side of the top arm A, it may however be fixed on the side of
the lower arm B, but preferably at the top because it washes out the glass cleaner
and quicker when blowing through than when fixed on the lower arm; 9° is the
blow-through water pipe which is carried away to any desired place. If the person
in charge of the boiler does his duty and revolves the scrapers say once in every
two hours in the steam and water passages, there will be no injury to the crowns of
locomotive fire boxes, crowns of furnaces or flues, combustion chambers or the like
through shortness of water arising from a false height of water showing in the gauge
glass, which has brought about many serious calamities in the past. This will also
save considerable time in opening the test and blow-through cock besides dispensing
with some of the wear and tear of it. And still with all the blowing through, the

page_text: passages are apt to become furred up in time. Should the scrapers become set fast
in the passages the owner will then know that his stoker or engineer has neglected
his duty.
Figure 2 is a side elevation partly in section of the lower arm of a water gauge.
showing my invention applied thereto; 6ª is the screw valve having scraper 1 upon
its end and screws on to the valve seat 6 to shut off the steam passages to the
boiler. 5 is the packing box, 14 the head of screw for projection to lift the
automatic valve 3 in bridge piece 15 having a slot or opening in its side, so that
the said automatic valve may be taken out when the blow-through cock 9, or plug
under the arm B, is removed, after the screw valves 6ª with scrapers 1 on their ends
are closed to the boiler. The blow-through cock 9 is shewn broken off, when it is
unscrewed out of the arm B the bridge piece 15 with the automatic valve 3 in it is.
canted over on one side into the chamber 16 made upon the side of arm B and clears
the screw valve spindle 6" and comes out, for cleaning or repairs; 15" is the hole in
the end of cock or plug for supporting the round shank of bridge piece 15; 15 is the
hole through round shank of bridge piece 15 to blow through cock. This hole 15b
will not be required when the blow-through cock is applied at the top arm A or
upon the side of the lower arm B. Instead of a cock there will then be a plug in
the bottom of arm B with hole 15ª made in it for supporting shank of bridge
piece 15.
Figure 3 is a front view partly in section of Figure 2; 9 is the blow-through
cock, 15 the hole through shank of bridge piece to cock, 15 hole in the screw end
of cock for supporting the bridge piece 15. 14 is the head of screw for projection
to lift the automatic valve 3 for the object hereinafter described; 16 is the chamber
made upon the side of arm B; 1 is the scraper and 12 the automatic valve seat..
The screw 14 is put into the valve spindle 6 up through the bottom hole in arm B.
when the blow-through cock or plug is out of the arm.
Figure 4 is a front view of the lower arm of a water gauge shewing another form
of my invention B is the lower arm, 25 the screw with automatic valve 3 and its
support 15, fitted through the side of arm B; 12 is the automatic valve seating ;
14 the screw head for projection to lift the automatic valve 3 every time the scraper
is revolved in or out by the screw valve spindle 6; 1 is the scraper and 9 the
blow-through cock or plug.
Figure 5 is a front view partly in section of the top arm A of a water gauge,
which may be used with the lower arm B shewn in Figure 4 making a simple and
cheap automatic water gauge with scrapers or passage cleaners; 4 is the steam
passage to the boiler 1 is the scraper upon the end of screw valve spindle 6" and
3 is the automatic ball valve over the top end of the gauge glass. The valve rests.
upon ribs or points by making grooves 1" in the hole inside of arm 10. 25 is the
screw fitted through the side of the arm A. above the gauge glass to admit of the
automatic ball valve 3 being put in and taken out for cleaning and the like when
required. 12 is the seating for automatic valve 3; 21 the steam port leading into
the chamber 23 having a solid top, then down port 23 into the chamber 24 over the
gauge glass; 5 is the packing box for screw valve spindle.
Figure 6 is a front view partly in section of the top arm A of a water gauge
shewing another form of my invention. 4 is the steam passage to boiler, 1 the
scraper upon the end of screw valve spindle 6", 5 the packing box, 20 the conical
seating in arm A, 18 is the loose seating with automatic ball valve 3 inside. The
said valve 3 is put into the seating 18 through the hole 18" in the side of same.
The seating is screwed into the arm A by the square part 19ª formed upon the end
of said seating, and screwed down upon the seat 20, 21 is the steam port leading into
the chamber 24, then down the port 23 into chamber 24, over the gauge glass 12
is the seating for the automatic valve 3; 13 is a signal port that communicates with
the boiler and denotes when the gauge glass is broken when the automatic valves 3
This steam hole or port 13 also keeps the automatic valves 3 in equi-
librium when blowing the gauge through, and does not shut the gauge off, as is the
case without this arrangement.
are shut.

page_text: Figure 7 is a front elevation partly in section of the top arm A of a water gauge
shewing another form of my invention. 4 shews the steam passage from the boiler
into inside 10 of the top arm A; 1 shews scraper upon the end of screw valve
spindle 6 in the top part of arm A with solid top, 13 is the signal and equilibrium
hole or port fitted with screw valve spindle 6° with scraper 1d made solid with the
said valve spindle. The steam from the inside of the arm 10 passes through the
signal and equilibrium port 13 into the chamber 24 over the gauge glass (this
arrangement is shewn to be used with a non-automatic valve water gauge, having a
screw stop valve and scraper combined). When the gauge glass breaks a small
quantity of steam only escapes from the top arm A, and the boiling water blowing
up from the bottom arm B is not spread about or around on to the attendants,
which is the case with the non-automatic water gauge, now in-use. When putting
in a new gauge glass, the screw valve 6 is shut, or the large screw valve 6" in the
top arm A is shut as desired. This signal and equilibrium port and screw stop
valve can be used with plug cock water gauges either with scrapers or without
them. In some cases the plug cock or shut off valve in the top arm may be
dispensed with, leaving only the signal and equilibrium hole 13 fitted with screw
stop valve 6 or the like, to be shut when putting in a new gauge glass. The
scraper or passage cleaner 1 without the screw stop valve I use in the steam
passage 4 through the cleaning screw hole with packing box, as shewn in Figure 10
of the accompanying drawings. In some cases I use the automatic valve 3 only in
the top arm A for shut off when the glass breaks in combination with the signal
and equilibrium port and stop valve only, with the scraper 1 in the steam passage.
With this arrangement a new glass may be put in by opening the said valve to
the boiler thereby bringing the automatic valves on to their seats into proper action
and equilibrium. Or I use the automatic valves in the top and lower arms A
and B in combination with scrapers 1 in the steam and water passages, with or
without the automatic valve lifting devices herein described and having only the
test or blow-through cock dispensing with the other cocks and valves except the
signal and equilibrium valve 6º thus simplifying and cheapening the construction
of the gauge, while at the same time making it more efficient.
Figure 8 is a front view partly in section of the top arm A of a water gauge
shewing the automatic valve 3 in the top arm A in this case placed upon the end of
the gauge glass 3. 1. When the glass breaks the broken piece blown out of the
packing box, and the valve 3 fits upon the seat 12 in the arm A and shuts the
steam off from the boiler. Thus there is no downward column of steam to spread
the water from the bottom arm, which acts as a signal that the glass is broken,
4 shews steam passage to the boiler, 1 is the scraper upon the end of the screw
valve, or it may be used with the ordinary plug cock either with or without
scraper 22 is the screw cap or plug to be taken out when it is required to put in
a new glass. In this arrangement there is only one tap or valve to be shut from
the boiler instead of two, and a valve fitted at the lower end of gauge glass itself,
and kept from its seat by a spring (or the like herein described) until the gauge
glass breaks, makes the common water gauge entirely automatic. In some cases I use
the signal port and screw valve at the bottom arm B to shut the signal water off.
Figure 9 is a side elevation partly in section of a water gauge shewing another
form of my invention, A and B are the top and lower arms. 3 are the automatic
valves inside the cock plugs 26, 1 the scrapers screwed into the ends of plugs 26,
and working in the steam and water passages 4; 4b are the steam and water ports
leading into the inside of the cock plugs 26, and 12 are the seatings for the
automatic valves 3. The cock plugs 26 and shell 26" are enclosed in a chamber 24',
so as not to be exposed to the atmosphere and by a circulation of steam and boiling
water round the shell 26ª and plug 26, effects of expansion and contraction are
equalized. The plugs 26 cannot get out of order or give trouble by leaking or
otherwise as they are self adjusting. These cock plugs 26 shut the connection off
from the boiler as well as from the automatic valves inside the plugs when the glass
breaks. 13 is the signal and equilibrium hole in the plug 26 in the top arm A 9 the

page_text: bottom plug 26 has its blow-through hole 28d at right angles to the hole 28 in the.
shell 26; 28ª are four ribs or projections to prevent the automatic valve 3 from
stopping up the hole 28d in blowing through. When the automatic valves 3 have
been blown to their seats by the glass breaking, all that is required to put them
into action again is to turn the plugs 26 round. By turning the cock plugs round
the scrapers keep the steam and water passages 4 perfectly clean.
Figure 9, a section on line A B Figure 9, 28ª are the ribs or projections and 28
and 28 the blow through ports.
Figure 10 shews the top arm A of a water gauge in side elevation partly in section,
and the bottom arm B in front elevation partly in section; 4 is the steam passage from
the boiler into the top arm A; 1 is the scraper without screw valve fitted between the
vertical plug cock and chamber 24 at the top end of gauge glass 3. 1; 3 is the
automatic valve in the cock plug 26 with pin 29 fitting across the opening in
plug 26 to keep the valve 3 in its position; 12 is the valve seating, 21 is the steam
pot leading into port 23 thence down into the chamber 24 over the gauge glass,
and 13 is the signal and equilibrium hole. The plug 26 lies horizontally in the
lower arm B, between the lower end of gauge glass 3. 1 and the scraper 1. 3 is
the automatic valve inside the plug 26, 30 the screw fitted in the end of the
plag 26 to keep the automatic valve 3 in position, 4 is the water passage to the
boiler, is the scraper; 9 the screw plug in the arm B under the scraper.
The water comes into the lower arm B through the passage 4 then up through the
ports 4 in the shell and cock plug into the inside of same.
"
12 is the valve seat
and 21 the water port leading into the gauge glass 3. 1 from the inside of the cock
plug 26. The scraper in the lower arın B is fitted in a packing box as shewn in
the top arm A and both may be turned round by a piece of round iron termed a
tommy placed in the holes 31. These hollow plugs shewn in Figures 9 and 10
can be taken out when the steam is down by removing the gland and the valves
and seats cleaned or repaired without disturbing the glasses or taking the gauge
from the boiler. The manipulation of the arrangement shewn in Figure 10 is
similar to that of Figure 9.
Figure 11 is a side elevation partly in section of another form of my invention
the dotted lines shew part of this form in side elevation; 4 is the steam passage
leading into 10 the inside of top arm A, thence into steam port 21 down port 23
into chamber 24 over the gauge glass 3. 1. The chamber 24 over the gauge glass
is lengthened to allow gauge glass to be passed up into the same, and then lowered
down into the packing box in the lower arm B when putting the glass in, as it will
be observed that the gauge glass could not be put in from the top arm A in the
usual way. Figures 1, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 10 are all made in this manner and Figure 8
I should prefer to be made the same way, the scraper 1 would not then be required
to be taken out when putting in the gauge glass. In Figure 11, 18 shews the
loose seating, 12 the automatic valve seat, 13 signal and equilibrium port or hole,
1 the scraper made solid with the screw valve spindle 6", 5 the packing box for
same, 31 the hole for the "tommy" bar to turn the valve spindle and scraper;
1 the projections for the automatic valve to rest upon and allow the steam to
pass under same, 4 the water passage in the lower arm B leading into 10 the
inside of arm B, then up through 4b and through the port 21 into the gauge
glass. 12 is the valve seating, 25 is the screw fitted through the side of the
arm B to allow the ball 3 to be passed into the chamber under the glass, and
over the scraper. The scraper 1 in this case is shewn with four ribs or sides,
they may be made any shape, and twisted in the form of a screw, so that when
turned the right way they would screw the sediment into the boiler, and keep
the water in the gauge glass clean. The blow-through valve 9 is shewn with
my invention so as to dispense with the trouble and leakage of the plug cocks
and to make a durable and easily repaired valve, adapted for use where impurities
of any description pass with the water and steam. It consists of the combination
with a sharp cone shaped valve seat 32 made of phosphor bronze, hardened.

page_text: steel or the like, and a copper plug to form the valve 33 or other metal
softer than the seat, and fitted into the end of screw 34 and held in the same
by pin 34". The screw 34 is fitted through the packing box 5 in front of the
valve case 9 in which it works, forming a valve always working itself tight.
When required the seat 32 can be renewed simply by unscrewing it out of the
seat 35 in the outlet bend 35", and screwing in a new one, and the burr filed off
the plug valve 33, then the blow-through valve is as good as new, it can be done
in a few minutes, and with the least attention, leakage is impossible. The outlet
bend 35" is screwed into the body 9. The new blow-through valve is shewn
:screwed into the lower arm A. The valve 33 and screw 34 are manipulated by a
.66 tommy "bar placed in the hole 31.
.at 10.
Figure 12 represents an asbestos packed plug water gauge. In the top arm A
is fitted the revolving scraper or passage cleaner 1, which acts by turning the
small hand wheel 2 round without interfering with the cock plug, or the auto-
matic valve 3, and thereby prevents the steam passage or hole 4 from being
furred up, the said scraper works in a packing box 5 in front of the arm A in the
place of the ordinary cleaning screw. When it is required to shut off the cock,
the packing box nut 5 is slightly unscrewed to allow the round part 6 of the
scraper to be drawn forward through the packing box ring 7, and out of the
passage or hole 4. The stop 8 then comes in contact with, the inside of the arm
After the cock is shut off, the scraper is then turned round until the stop 8
comes in line with the slot 11 in the end of the packing box and is then drawn
right out if required by unscrewing the nut off the packing box 5. The automatic
valve 3, I place upon the top end of the gauge glass 3. 1 (or otherwise herein
described) and when the glass breaks the broken piece is blown out of the packing
box, and the valve fits upon the seating 12 in the arm A, and shuts the steam off
from the boiler. Should the broken piece of glass not be blown out, there will
only be the small amount of steam that comes through the signal and equilibrium
hole 13 in the valve 3, and this small quantity is not likely to injure anyone
approaching the gauge. The packing box nut can be unscrewed and so let the
broken piece of glass be blown out, or the scraper may be drawn out and the cock
shut as herein before described, the broken glass can then be taken out and a new
glass put in in the usual way.
The revolving scraper 1, in the lower arm B has a cam, eccentric, or projection 14,
formed upon it to lift the automatic valve 3 every time the scraper 1 is revolved by
the hand wheel 2 and thereby prevent the valve from being affected by sediment
or the like in the water and at the same time keeping it always clean and certain
in its action when the gauge glass breaks. The automatic valve 3 is supported on
the bridge piece 15 cast on the end of the screw 16 of the bottom blow-through
cock or of the screw plug when the blow-through cock is on the top arm as shewn
in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
The valve lifting cam 14 and stop 8 both come out through the slot 11 in the
end of a packing box 5 similar to that already described for the top arm but
slightly different in construction to prevent the scraper from being moved hori-
zontally, and also to keep the cam 14 in its right position under the automatic
valve 3. When the scrapers are not used I cut them off at the dotted line 17,
retaining the lifting, knocking, or pressing device, in order to prevent the automatic
valve from sticking fast which I find does take place in practice. In some cases
I use the same device in the top arm.
I also arrange a lifting and lowering device which is adapted to lift the automatic
valve 3 on to its seat or draw it away therefrom. The cam or the like works in a
.slot or groove in the valve (and allows the automatic valve to act when the gauge
glass bursts or is broken from any cause) and may be rotated by the hand wheel 2
and spindle 6 shewn in Figure 12, or by other suitable device.
Figure 13 is a vertical transverse section on the line A B (Figure 12) of the
_automatic valve scraper and valve lifting cam.

page_text: Figure 14 is a front view of the top arm of Figure 12 partly in section shewing
another form of applying my invention. The seating 18 having the automatic
valve inside, is screwed into the top arm A down on to the conical seating 20.
A suitable wrench to fit the hole 19 is preferably used to effect this screwing down.
When the gauge glass breaks the action of the valve 3 is precisely the same as
hereinbefore described. The steam comes from the boiler into the inside of the
arm A at 10 then up through the port 21 into the hole 19, which is covered by
the screw cap 22 forming a chamber, then down the port 23 into the gauge
glass 3. 1. The scraper 1 is shewn in the passage 4 through the seating 18. When
it is required to take the seating and valve out, the scraper 1 must be taken out
as herein described, but to prevent necessity of removing the seating and scraper
when it is required to put in a new gauge glass, the chamber above the gauge
glass is lengthened as herein shewn and described with reference to Figure 1 etc.
A blow-through cock can be put in the top of the gauge instead of the screw
plug 22.
Figure 15 is a sectional plan on the line A. C (Figure 14) A is the arm of the
gauge, 18 the seating, 4 the steam passage to the boiler, 1 the scraper, 21 and 23 are
steam ports, 19 is the hole to screw the seating into the arm.
Figure 16 is a vertical section of another form of removeable seating to be used
without scrapers and with the automatic ball valve 3 in it. The seating 18 is
simply dropped into the top arm A down upon the seat 12, and the cap 22 is
screwed into the arm A over it. 21 and 23 are the steam ports and 13 is the signal
and equilibrium hole.
Figure 17 is a vertical section of a seating and valve similar to the one shewn in
Figure 14, but without the scraper hole.
These scrapers I apply to plug cocks of non-automatic water gauges, which will
be understood without a drawing from the .description given of Figure 12 hereunto
annexed.
Figure 18 is a side elevation partly in section of a water gauge shewing another
form of my invention suitable for marine boilers, large land boilers, and locomotive
boilers. In Figure 94 of the before mentioned Letters Patent No. 2515 of 1881,
it will be observed that the automatic valve B with its spindle and scraper cannot
be taken out for repairs or the like without the removal of the arms of the gauge
from the boiler. To be enabled to do this I now make the automatic valve seat 12,
and the screw shut off valve seat 18° in a loose seat 18, which together with the
packing box 5" fitted with the combined automatic valve 3 and loose spindle and
scraper 1, screws into the arms A and B from the front: the said packing box 5"
and seating 18 being in one piece making joint at the inner end upon a conical
seat 20 or the like, in the body of the arms A and B, and having a lock nut 19"
making a joint on the face thereof. The hand wheel for turning the valve
spindle 6 is cast solid with same, the boss of hand wheel 2ª is bored out and
fitted with a nut for a stuffing box. For the automatic loose valve spindle a small
hand wheel 2 is fitted on the end for turning same, its action is thus :- -When the
glass breaks from any cause, the automatic valves 3 on spindles at the top and
lower arms A and B are driven on the seats by the pressure, and instantly shut off
the gauge, being a certain safeguard against accident or injury to the engineers
and stokers or the like in the stokehold of the ship, or on the foot plates of a
locomotive, or in confined stokeholes, and prevents serious damage being done to
the persons in charge of steam-boilers or the like. When the new glass is put in,
the small hand wheels 2 are pressed back and the gauge is again in action, I use the
signal and equilibrium arrangement with this gauge; 4 represents the water and
steam passages leading into 10 the interior of arms A and B, thence through port 21
into chamber 24 over and under the gauge glass 3. 1. A great advantage is found
by having the scrapers 1 on each side of the automatic valve 3 on one and the same
spindle, which acts by turning the small hand wheel 2 round and moving it back-
wards and forwards, acting as a revolving scraper without interfering with the shut
off valves 6ª, or the action of the gauge I use an elastic ferrule 36 made of any
B

page_text: elastic material strengthened by the ganze wire rings 36", and fastened by two
clips and screws 37 top and bottom to the gauge and glass and gauge ends, instead
of the ordinary packing ring and nut (the ordinary packing boxes can however
be used when required) so as not to be so liable to be broken from the
vibration such as is caused by the firing of heavy guns, or from expansion and the
like. 9 is my new blow-through valve. The gauge is shewn fitted direct to
the boiler, it may of course be fitted between the steam and water pipes a common
arrangement aboard ship, or fitted to the column. In some cases I fix the automatic
cock or valve with scraper near the boiler bottom, direct to the boiler, I also fix
one for the steam direct on to the boiler top, so that should the gauge glass burst,
or should the water or steam pipes leading up and down to the gauge glass burst,
the automatic valves instantly shut off the water and steam and prevent it from
coming out of the boiler into the stokehold or stokehole, and the like as herein
before explained.
Figure 19 is a section in plan through A. B Figure 18. The elastic ferrule is
shown at 36, and clip with screw 37, 36 are the gauze wire rings.
.
Figure 20 is an end view shewing scraper 1 in water and steam passages.
Figure 21 is a side elevation partly in section of a valve water gauge shewing
my invention in another form 4 are the steam and water passages 1 is the
automatic ball valve stop in the passage 4 cast solid with the screw end of arm A.
By having the loose valve seat 18, I am enabled to put the automatic ball valve 3
into the passage 4 from the front of the arms A and B, thus saving the expense of
fitting in the stop when the ball valve 3 is put in from the boiler end of arm
besides it is much stronger cast solid. I am also enabled to take out the ball
valves for cleaning or repairs without the removal of arms A and B of gauge from
the boiler, which is a very great advantage for I find by experience with my
automatic water gauges at work, that in a few months the ball valve becomes
furred up and the gauge is practically useless as an automatic gauge, and cannot
be got at when the valves are put into the steam and water ways from the boiler
end without taking the gange from boiler, and when that is attempted to be done
in nearly every case the screw ends break off, when screwed into the boiler and
when they are not screwed in then the manhole joints have to be broken to get
into the boiler to take off the nuts inside. All this trouble is saved by having the
loose valve seat 18 in this design of valve water gauge, which is far superior to
plug cock water gauges. The loose valve seat 18 is screwed in the front of arms A
and B, on to, and making joint upon, seat 20 in the arms A and B of the gauge 1.
12 is the seating for valve shown in dotted lines upon its seat in lower arm B.
When the screw valve 6" is advanced forward, the scraper 1 upon its end presses
the ball from its seat as shewn lying against the stop 1 in the passage 4 in the
arm B.
18 are the seatings for the screw valves 6 to shut off the communication
to the boiler, 24" are passages into the gauge glass; 5 is the valve spindle packing
box, in the end of same is made the seating for the blow-through valve 32 upon the
same spindles as the shut off valves 6ª and scraper 1. The screw end of packing
box 5 screws into the front of arms A and B making a joint against the end of the
loose valve seat 18; the lock nuts 19 make joint against the front of the arms A
and B as before, 13 is the signal and equilibrium hole, 24 the chamber lengthened
for putting in the gauge glass 3. 1 as hereinbefore described. The remaining parts
of the gauge will be understood from what has already been described with reference
to other illustrations. Figure 22 is a cross section of the top arm A at line B. E.,
Figure 21 shewing an end view of the valve spindle 6ª and scraper 1. Figure 25
is an end view of the loose seat 18.
Figure 26 is a side elevation in section of the lower arm B of a water gauge.
In this arm the loose valve seat 18 is not screwed in but simply placed in arm B
and is kept up tight to its seating 20 by the end of the stuffing box 5 screwed into
the front of the gauge arm B. 9" is a loose lock nut next the boiler. The rest
of the description given for the lower arm B Figure 21 will serve for this
Figure 26.

page_text: Figure 27 is a front elevation partly in section of the lower arm B of a compound
water gauge and blow-through valve 9 with my invention applied thereto. I make
in the front arm B a long taper seat, and fit the same with a hollow plug 26 (see
The loose auto-
detail view Figure 30) with a packing box 51 in front of same.
matic valve spindle and scraper 1 with automatic valve 3 made solid upon the said
spindle, works in the shank of the said plug 26, and the automatic valve upon a
seat 12 at the inner end of the plug 26; 21 and 28 are the steam and water
passages; 31 is the "tommy" hole in the cross head fixed to the valve spindle 1
by means of a round taper pin. Returning now to Figure 27, 38 is a four way
cock made in the arms A and B. I make the elbows 39 and packing box which
holds the glasses 3. 1 separate from the arms A and B or taps, and screw them onto
the shanks 38 made on the sides of the arms, (the same principle I use for single
water gauges). In the lower loose elbows Figure 28 I fit my automatic valves 3
upon the bridge piece 15 made solid with the screw plug 9. This screw plug is
for occasionally lifting the automatic valve 3 to keep it free and in working order,
or to shut the valve. Figure 29 shews the loose elbows for the top arm A and
cock which is not illustrated; 39 is the loose elbow with glass packing box. The
Its action is as
valve seating 12 is made at the end of the loose seating 18.
follows:-When a gauge glass breaks the automatic valve is driven by the
pressure on to the seat 12 at the end of the plug 26 there being no automatic
valves in the loose elbows. By turning the two handles 39* away from the
glass broken, it will be disconnected, then by pressing the automatic valve back
as hereinbefore described, the other glass will then be in working order, until
a new glass is put in for the broken one. By turning the two handles 39* to
quarter centre, both glasses will be disconnected from the boiler. When I use
screw valves 6 and scraper 1 as shewn in Figure 1 and other views herein
illustrated, instead of the plug cocks, then I use the automatic valves in the
loose elbows as shewn. When a glass breaks with this arrangement the auto-
matic valves 3 close the passage to the broken glass only, whilst the other still
Whilst putting in
keeps in working order by the equilibrium port or hole 13.
the new glass the screw valves 6 can be closed to the boiler, or the signal and
equilibrium hole 13 can be fitted with a shut off valve 6 as shewn in Figure 7.
9 is my new blow-through valve hereinbefore fully described. The loose elbows
being only used for the passage of steam and water to the glasses, will last as
long as the boiler. It will be observed that this compound water gauge
embraces the various parts of my invention and is manipulated in the same
All the action in
manner as hereinbefore described for the single glass gauges.
working this improved compound water gauge is represented by turning one of
my new blow-through valves 9. When requisite this valve can be refitted with a
new seat at a trifling expense, and the gauge is then as good as new and less costly
in manufacture than the old system.
Figure 31 shews the automatic ball valve 3 loose upon the spindle 1 with a
thread upon its end to screw into the screw socket 41 for the purpose of placing the
ball valve 3 upon the spindle 1. When the gauge glass breaks the ball valve 3 is
driven on to seating 12 as shewn in dotted lines. When a new glass is put in,
the spindle 1 is drawn forward and then pressed back taking the ball valve 3 with
it as shewn in section. The grooves 26" in the automatic valve spindle 1 shewn in
Figure 30 are for the reception of packing, dispensing with the stuffing box in front
of the cock handle 39".
Figure 32 shews the vertical cock plug 26 containing the automatic ball valve 3
fitted between the gauge glass and the boiler in the lower arm B. The scraper !
is under the cock plug 26 and in the water passage 4 working in the packing box 5
and is turned by hole 31. The water passes into gauge glass from boiler through
passage 4 into 10 the interior of arm B, then up through port 21 into port 23 then
into chamber 24 under the glass 3. 1. 9 is the blow-through valve, 29 is pin to
keep the ball in its place.
Figure 34 is a sectional plan of the lower arm B of a water gauge shewing my

page_text: invention. The scraper 1 works in packing box 5 turned by hole 31, 3 is the
automatic ball valve 6 blow-through valve spindle working in packing box 5ª.
The end of the packing box 5" with thread in for valve, is screwed into arm B
having seating 32 at its inner end for valve 33 upon spindle 6* to fit upon. When
it is required to shut the gauge off from the boiler the valve 6 is screwed forward
on to seat 12 by the crutch handle 42. The water passes from the boiler through
the passage 4 into the port 23, then into the chamber 24 under the glass 3. 1.
Figure 33 is a part side sectional elevation on line A. B. Figure 34, 9 is the loose
seat to hold the automatic ball valve 3 under the seat 12 under the glass 3. 1
23 inlet port from boiler into chamber 24, then up through port 21 into gauge
glass 3. 1. 1 is the scraper spindle end 5 packing box for the spindle and 42ª blow-
through drain pipe.
Figure 35 is a side elevation partly in section of my automatic valve shewn
applied to a steam pipe.
I apply my automatic valve, for automatically shutting off steam, as from the
fracture of a steam pipe (similar to the fracture of the gauge glass) and so prevent
many serious accidents. In fact it may be used in the steam pipe instead of the
ordinary throttle valve and governor for many purposes. The mode of action is as
follows: When the stop valve 43 on the boiler top is opened, the steam will pass
into the chamber 24 and onwards by the automatic valve 3 and also through the
signal and equilibrium holes 13, through the passage 21 in the seating 18 thence
into the bend 44 over the seat 18 and on to the engine or engines. The moment a
sudden rush or escape of steam takes place, through racing of marine engines, or
the main driving belt slipping off its pulley in land engines, or the like, so as to
cause reduction of pressure above the valve 3, the latter closes by the pressure of
the steam below it, the hole or holes 13 signals if there is a fracture, and if not
they equalize the pressure. When the escape of steam is rectified the automatic
valve drops from its seat 12, or floats up and down upon the screw spindle 1
between the solid collar 1. 2 upon the spindle and loose collar 1. 3 fixed to spindle
with taper pin or otherwise. Should the automatic valve 3 stick fast to its seat 18
it is released therefrom by turning the hand wheel 2 which moves the screw
spindle 6" working in packing box 5" downwards, on to the solid collar 1. 2 upon
said spindle presses valve 3 from the seat 18 down on to the loose collar 1. 3. This
screw spindle 6" may be manipulated from the stokehold or the like by gearing or
such device to prevent having to ascend to the top of the boilers. 44" is the door
at the side of chamber 24 to enable the valve 3 to be taken out for cleaning or
repairs, without having to break any joints in the main steam pipe to get at the
automatic valve 3. When there is a row of boilers and an automatic valve to each
boiler they can all be connected with one shaft and gearing to be worked by one
lever. The double seated loose valve seat 18 is made so that when one scat is
worn out it can be lifted out and turned over, the automatic valve 3 is also made
double seated for the same purpose.
Figure 36 shews a side elevation partly in section of a stop valve, automatic
valve, and scraper combined in one, which may be used for steam feed or scum
valves or the like; 43 is the body of valve, 18 is the loose seating screwed into the
body 43 down upon the seating 20; 12 is the seating on the end of 18 for the
automatic valve 3 to be driven on to when a pipe bursts or a joint gives out, or
the like; 18 is the seating inside of the loose seat 18 for the stop valve 6" to fit
upon; 13 is the signal and equilibrium holes. 1 is the scraper with valve 3 cast
solid upon it; 2 is the hand wheel for turning same in the water or steam
passages 4; 5 is the packing box for same, 6 is the screw valve spindle, and 5ª the
packing box for same, 19" is a lock mut, 6" is the head of the screw valve spindle 6".
The loose valve 33 is removed from the spindle 6 by unscrewing the nut over the
head 6; 43 are ports out of seating 18. Its action will be understood from the
description hereinbefore given.
Figure 37 shews a side elevation partly in section of a stop valve, back
pressure valve, and automatic valve with scraper combined in one. It is most

page_text: important that back pressure valves and the inlet holes to the boiler should be
kept in good order and clean, which is carried out in this arrangement; 43 shews
body of the valve, 18 the loose seating screwed into the body 43 down upon
the seating 20, 12 the seating at the end of 18 for the automatic and back
pressure valves 3 to close upon, when a feed pipe bursts. The automatic valve 3
in this case answers the purpose for back pressure valve and will also indicate when
the feed pump or the like is working by the valve spindle 1 and hand wheel 2
moving up and down. 1 is the scraper solid with the spindle shewn projecting into
the boiler and in water passage 4, and side of same shewn in dotted lines. By this
arrangement it will be observed that it is impossible for the hole next the boiler to
get furred up with scale, salt, chalk, or the like, or the back pressure valve to get
set fast, and there is nothing to take out or to pieces, but simply to turn the hand
wheel 2 as hereinbefore set forth; 18 is the valve seating inside of the loose
seating 18 at the end of packing box 5* for the stop valve seat 6ª to fit on to;
43 are the ports out of seating 18.
Figure 38 is a side elevation partly in section of a feed pipe connection, back
pressure valve, automatic valve and scraper combined in one; 43 is the body of the
valve, 18 the loose seating made to project into the boiler (the loose seating 18 in
Figures 36 and 37 may be carried in the same manner) being a continuation from
the end of packing box 5 making joint in the front of the body 43.
1 is the scraper
and automatic valve spindle with automatic and back pressure valve 3 in one made
solid on the said spindle fitting on seat 12 at the end of loose seat 18; 2 is the hand
wheel for turning scraper 1 in the water passage 4; 43* are the ports in loose
seat 18 to allow the water to pass into the seat on its way to the boiler from the
feed pump, injector or the like. The loose seat can be readily taken out for
cleaning or repairs as hereinbefore set forth. In some cases I use the loose
seating 18 without the automatic and back pressure valve 3, with only the scraper 1
to keep the hole next the boiler clear. I also apply my scraper to scum pipes of
boilers with packing box on the front loose plate or flange, also to gauge cocks,
blow-off cocks and the like with loose seatings 18, so as to be able to take them in
and out for cleaning or repairs as before stated.
Figure 39 shews a side elevation partly in section of an ordinary water or the
like draw off tap or bib valve cock, fitted with my invention, as herein described.
for the water gauge blow-through valve (which in some cases may be used in the top
and bottom arms of my automatic water gauge, or non-automatic water gauge). This:
arrangement combines a stop valve with my new screw valve tap or bib valve cock
which prevents waste of water, and does away with all difficulty in fitting on new
washers, valves, or seatings; 43 is the body of the tap, 32 the cone shaped valve.
seat screwed into end outlet of 35, 3 is the automatic ball valve working in the:
loose seat 18, screwed into the body 43; 1ª is the stop for the ball valve; 33 is the
copper plug fitted in the end of the screw 34 forming a valve to fit on the scat 32;
5 is the packing box, 45 the crutched handle to turn the screw 34 to open and shut
the tap. The mode of action is as follows:-The end of the loose seating 18 is
screwed into the water main. To draw off water turn the crutched handle 45 to
the left and by leaving the crutched handle as shewn in dotted lines, the cam 33ª
made upon the valve 33 presses the ball valve 3 in the water passage 4 away from
its seat 12 as shewn by the dotted lines 33ª and valve 3, then a continuous stream
will run.
To shut the tap turn the screw 34 to the right down on to its seat. The
valves and seatings can be repaired or removed when required without shutting off*
the water or the like supply. By unscrewing the body 43 of the loose seating 18
the automatic valve 3 closes on the seat 12.
Figure 40 shews the automatic valve 3 upon the end of the loose seating 12 with
three wings in the water passage 4 and stop 1 through same and end of seat 18;
34 shews plan of valve with cam 33ª on its side, so when the valve is turned the
cam presses the end of the push spindle 33° upon the end of the automatic valve 3
and opens and shuts the same. This arrangement combines a stop valve with the
ordinary tap, prevents waste of water, and does away with all difficulty in fitting on

page_text: new washers, valves, or seatings. It may be used without the seat 32 for a stop
cock having only the ball valve 3 and cam 33 to press the ball 3 from its seat 12
the cam, shewn in dotted lines, prevents the valve 3 from closing on its seat 12, and
can be applied to the common valve bib cock and the like.
Figure 41 is a front elevation partly in section of my automatic valve steam
whistle and scraper combined in one. When the attendant has to leave the boiler
for a time I fit a steam whistle to the top arm of the gauge so as to give a loud
signal in the event of the glass being broken. A is the top arm of gauge 4 the
steam passage into chamber 24" over the automatic valve, 3 the scraper, 18 the
loose valve seat, 19 the square head to screw the same into the arm, 12 is the ball
valve seat, 21 the steam port in seating 18, 23 the port down into the chamber 24
over the gauge glass 3. 1, 21 is the steam port from the top chamber 24" into ball
valve chamber; 13 is the signal and equilibrium port, 46 the steam port from the
ball valve chamber to the whistle 47. When the gauge glass bursts or gets broken,
the automatic ball valve 3 is driven on to the seat 12 uncovering the seat 46 at
the end of the port 46 and sound the whistle 47 thus signalling the glass is
broken.
Figure 42 shews a side section of my double seated valve seat screwed into
the bottom part of the body of valve box with automatic and back pressure valves
with scraper. Finding a difficulty to get out the double seated valve scats in the
wheel or stop valves represented in Figures 69, 70, 71, 72, and 74 of the before
mentioned Letters Patent I now screw them into the bottom part of the body of
valve box. 43 is the body of valve box with screw thread in the same to receive
the loose double seated valve seat 18 with projections 48 cast solid therewith; 18 is
the valve seating for stop valve 6*, not shewn; 12 is the seat for the automatic and
back pressure valve; 3 is the valve for same made solid with the scraper and
spindle 1; 20 is the screw thread on the .outside of seating 18 to fit the thread in,
the bottom part of the valve box 43.
Figure 43 shews a side elevation or diagram of the method of applying my
invention to marine and large land boilers; 50 my new stop valve with back
pressure valves automatic valve and scraper combined in one. One is shewn on the
boiler top 49, and one near the boiler bottom 3. 1. gauge glass fitted in between the
hollow plug gland cocks as herein illustrated in Figure 9 having suitable packing
boxes made upon them to receive the gauge glass or the loose packing boxes as
shewn in Figure 27. Should either the steam or water pipes 51 burst the auto-
matic valves in boxes 50 instantly shut off the steam and water. By turning the
scraper wheel 2 illustrated in Figures 36 and 37 upon this same sheet of drawings
will always keep the hole in the boiler and water passage in the valve box 50
perfectly clear and it being low down on the boiler enables a man to easily attend
to working the said scraper. The top valve box 50 can be fitted with apparatus
for working the scraper from the stokehold or the like to save mounting on to the
top of the boiler to do so, 9 shews where one of my new blow through valves may
be fitted under the lower valve box 50 for blowing through and can also be blown
through at 9, 1 the end of the hollow plug in 51 under the gauge glass 3. 1. The
two blow-through pipes lead into one as shewn by the dotted lines. Automatic
valves may be fitted in the cocks 51 under and over the gauge glass 3. 1 if required.
The valve 50 on the top of the boiler has the signal and equilibrium hole or holes
in it or through the seating 18. The valves 50 and pipes 51 can be fitted to the
gauge glass column and automatic water gauges with scrapers to the column. The
blow through under the lower valve box 50 would blow the column out and
the gauge glass can be blown through in the usual way at the top or bottom arm.
Scrapers can be fitted into the water and steam pipes 51 leading to the gauge glass
or column; when column is used the scrapers should meet in the column. When
there are two sets of water gauges upon the boiler the valves of one of them next
the boiler can be shut off for cleaning or the like whilst the other one is working,
or a compound water gauge may be used as shewn in Figure 27. The manipulation
of the automatic valves the back pressure valves and scrapers, the preventing

page_text: injury to the boilers, engineers, stokers and the like from false height of water
shewing in the gauge glass and preventing serious accidents owing to steam and
feed water pipes bursting and the like, and gauge glasses bursting have all been
herein explained.
I wish it to be understood that I make no claim to the loose elbows with gauge
glass packing boxes, only my automatic valves in them. Nor to plain hollow plug
cocks. Nor to scrapers solid upon the end of screw valve spindles extending
beyond the valve by themselves, only for the signal and equilibrium hole or port,
nor for the chambers round the cock plugs Figure 9 of the drawings.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
(1) Constructing and combining the parts of automatic screw valve water gauges
substantially in the improved manner hereinbefore described with reference to
Figure 1 of the acc mpanying drawings.
(2) The open-sided bridge piece supporting the automatic valve, the blow-
through hole in the shank of same the hole in the end of blow-through cock or
screw for shank of bridge piece to fit into, and the chamber on the side of the arm
The automatic
for the bridge piece to cant into when being taken out of the arm.
valve lifting device by screw valve spindle substantially as and for the purposes
shewn and described with reference to Figures 2 and 3 of the drawings.
(3) The arrangement for supporting the automatic valve fitted through the side
of the arm in combination with the automatic valve device every time the scraper
is revolved in or out by the screw valve spindle substantially as herein described
and shewn in Figure 4.
(4) Constructing and combining the parts of automatic water gauges substantially
in the improved manner hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 5, 6, 7
and 8 of the accompanying drawings.
(5) The signal and equilibrium port fitted with shut-off valve with scraper at
its end, applied to automatic and non-automatic water gauges, either in the top or
lower arms of the gauge, without any other method of shutting the gauge off from
the boiler, the scraper or passage clearer without screw stop valve, or the automatic
valve combined or the automatic valve and scraper combined only in one, sub-
stantially as described.
(6) The combination of the parts of hollow plug automatic water gauge sub-
stantially in the improved manner hereinbefore described (the scraper applied at
the end of hollow plug for non-automatic water gauges) with reference to Figures 9
and 9 of the accompanying drawings.
(7) Constructing and arranging and combining the parts of same to form auto-
matic or non-automatic water gauges in the improved manner hereinbefore described
with reference to Figure 10 of the drawings.
(8) Constructing and combining the parts of automatic water gauges sub-
stantially in the improved manner herein before described with reference to
Figure 11 of the drawings.
(9) My new blow-through valve, also its use for an ordinary draw-off valve bib
tap, or valve bib cock with or without the automatic valves, or without the cone-
shaped seat 32 having the automatic valves only for shut-off and draw-off taps or
the like also its use in the top and bottom arms of my automatic or non-automatic
water gauge substantially as described in respect to Figures 11, 39 and 40 of the
drawings.
.
(10) The application to plug cock water gauges of my scrapers or passage
cleaners and automatic valves the device for knocking, lifting, or pressing up the
automatic valves to prevent them sticking fast, the device explained to be used
when the scrapers are not used, and the lifting and lowering device for the
automatic valves the use of scrapers in the plug cocks of non-automatic water
gauges, the various loose seatings with the automatic valves in combination with

page_text: the signal and equilibrium ports or holes either fitted with stop valves or without
them, and the scrapers for main water and steam ways 4 or without them sub-
stantially as described in respect of Figures 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 of the
drawings.
(11) The combination of the automatic valve spindle and hole cleaner or scraper
with a double seated loose valve seating and packing box in one piece and the
conical seat in the body of arm for loose seating to fit on the lock nut to make joint
on the outer end of packing box the screw shut-off valve the signal and equilibrium
ports fitted with valves and scrapers and the elastic clip ferrule for gauge glass
substantially as described in respect to Figures 18, 19, and 20 of the drawings.
(12) The construction and combination of the parts of automatic water gauges
substantially as and for the purpose described in respect to Figures 21, 22, 23, 24,
25, and 26 of the drawings.
(13) The construction and combination of parts of compound automatic water
gauges with scrapers or passage cleaners, loose gauge glass packing boxes fitted
with automatic valves and loose seats, screw spindle for moving or closing automatic
valve, loose automatic valve upon scraper spindle. The screw valve and scraper to
shut off when hollow plug cock is not used and valve at its end substantially as
described in respect to Figures 27, 28, 29, 30 and 31 of the drawings.
(14) The combination of a vertical hollow plug cock fitted with automatic ball
valve between gauge glass and the boiler the plain scraper and packing box
substantially as described and shown by Figure 32 of the drawings.
(15) The construction and combination of parts of automatic water gauge, loose
seat, scraper stop and blow-through valve substantially as described in respect to
Figures 33 and 34 of the drawings.
(16) The construction of an automatic steam shut-off valve with signal and
equilibrium hole or holes, the door at the side of the chamber to get the valve in
and out, the application of the automatic valve to regulate the speed of steam
engines and the like instead of the ordinary governors and throttle valve, the
method of detaching the automatic valve from its seat, the method of working the
screw spindle of the automatic valve from the stokehold or the like substantially as
described in respect to Figure 35 of the drawings.
(17) The construction and combination of parts of stop valve automatic steam
shut-off valve preventing a sudden escape of steam and water when a steam or
feed pipe bursts or the like, the loose scraper with automatic valve spindle, the
signal and equilibrium port fitted with stop valve and scraper, the loose double
seating and packing box in one piece and lock nut, the seating in body of valve
substantially as described in respect to Figure 36 of the drawings.
(18) The construction and combination of parts of back pressure valve, stop
valve, automatic water shut-off valve, in case the feed water pipes burst, the loose
scraper and back pressure valve in one, the double loose seating separate from the
packing box and screwed into the body of the valve substantially as described in
respect to Figures 37 and 42 of the drawings.
(19) The arrangement of the chambers, loose seat, and the automatic valve
opening a steam port and blowing a whistle when the glass breaks to signal the
attendant in the event of the gauge glass being broken, the signal and equilibrium
port fitted with shut-off valve and scraper substantially as described in respect to
Figure 41 of the drawings.
(20) The construction of a feed pipe connection, a back pressure valve at the end
of scraper answering the purpose also of automatic valve fitted at the end of the
feed pipe which enters the boiler any distance required, or the plain scraper only
fitted to the feed pipe connection, or scum and feed pipes to back pressure valves
making the flat part of scraper answer the purpose of stop for the lift of valve
substantially as described in respect to Figure 38 of the drawings.
(21) The application of my invention to boilers, wherein my new combination
valve is fitted with a blow through valve or cock, a second blow through cock or
valve under the gauge glass the two blow through pipes leading into one pipe, the

page_text: fitting of automatic valves and scrapers to the gauge glass cocks or loose gauge
glass packing boxes (described for Figure 27) with the automatic valves in, for
double security against accident, the fitting of the automatic whistle to the com-
bination valve on the top of the boiler, or on the steam pipe over the gauge glass
or column the gearing described for Figure 35 or the like for manipulating the
steam automatic valve and the scraper in the valve boxes on the boiler top from
the stokehold or the like substantially as described in respect to Figure 43 of the
drawings.
1000