IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTORS WORKED BY HYDRAULIC OR OTHER FLUID PRESSURE, AND WHICH MAY BE USED ALSO AS PUMPS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Lloyd Wise, of 7, Whitehall Place, in the City
of Westminster, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTORS WORKED
BY HYDRAULIC OR OTHER FLUID PRESSURE, AND WHICH MAY BE USED
ALSO AS PUMPS." A communication from abroad by Léandre Mégy, of Paris,
in the Republic of France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Lloyd Wise at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th October 1881.
FLUID
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 7, Whitehall Place, in the City of Westminster.
" IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTORS WORKED BY HYDRAULIC OR OTHER
PRESSURE, AND WHICH MAY BE USED ALSO AS PUMPS." (A communication from
abroad by Léandre Mégy, of Paris, in the Republic of France.)
This Invention is designed to produce a motor worked by fluid pressure capable
of running at high speed without shock and of being worked at very high
pressures without the use of an excentric to operate the distributing valve. The
motor may be worked by steam or air, but hydraulic pressuro is preferred.
The distributing valve is operated by the combined oscillating movements of the
cylinder and of the rod of the valve itself. For this purpose in combination with
an oscillating cylinder there is used a distributing slide valve having a cylindrical
face or surface fitting a corresponding face carried by the cylinder, the valve (whose
whose axis has a reciprocating rotative movement) being attached to a tail, arm or
lever oscillating about a point and having a sliding movement, such as will be
understood from the description given below, during the oscillation and consequent
changing of the direction of the motor's travel.
Fig. 1 is a section of one form of motor taken in line m, n, of Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 is a section taken in line p, q, of Fig. 1.
E, the
A is the base plate; B, the cylinder; C, the piston; D, the driving shaft;
piston rod; F, the distributing slide valve, having a cylindrical face and capable of
being balanced in the case of high pressures; G, the slide valve rod; H, lever for

page_text: operating slide valve; I, working guide bracket of the lever H; J, support of the
said bracket; K, water or other actuating fluid supply pipe; L, exhaust for water
or other fluid; M, slide valve chest; N, cover of same; a, a, ports to the respective
ends of the cylinder, serving alternately as inlet and exhaust; b, exhaust.
The water or other actuating fluid arriving by the pipe K enters the chest M,
and in the position of the valve, as shown in Fig. 2, passes through a into the
cylinder B, impelling the piston C and causing the driving shaft D to turn in the
direction of the arrow f. As the piston C arrives near the end of its stroke the slide
valve F places a in communication with orifice b, and the chest M in communication
with the cylinder through a'. This is effected by the oscillation of the cylinder B
about its axis O and the oscillation of the lever H about the centre o of the guide
bracket I, tho said lover H always being able to slide in the said oscillating guido
bracket I. The oscillation of the lever H and its sliding travel through the
'oscillating guide bracket I, combined with the oscillation of the cylinder B round
the axis O, causo the cylindrical surface of the slide valve F to move with great
rapidity in contact with the corresponding soating on the cylinder B, by
reason of the contrary directions in which travel the two cylindrical sliding
surfaces.
The axis G turns about the centre O at the same time that it oscillates from
right to left and inversely, by reason of the radial direction which its lever H
always preserves. The roller Z has for object to neutralize the pressure exorcised
by the supply pipe K, when the pressure great.
Instead of causing the lover H to oscillate round the point o and causing it at
the same time to slide through the oscillating guide 1, it may be caused to oscillate
round a diametrically opposite point underneath with ability to slide through an
oscillating guide bracket.
It is to bo understood the accompanying Drawing is given simply as a means of
facilitating explanation of the nature of the Invention by illustrating one convenient
arrangement.
Two cylinders can be coupled to serve both as motors or as pumps, or one as a
motor and the other as a pump.
To avoid giving too much length to the ports a, a', in lieu of one slide-valve F
two may be used in line on the same axis.
By providing another slide-valve over the slide valve F in the case of elastic
motive fluids (especially steam) a variable expansion can be produced.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Lloyd Wise in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
13th April 1882.
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 7, Whitehall Place, in the City of Westminster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTORS WORKED BY HYDRAULIC OR OTHER FLUID
PRESSURE, AND WHICH MAY BE USED ALSO AS PUMPS." (A communication from
abroad by Léandro Mégy, of Paris, in the Republic of France.)
This Invention relates to improvements in oscillating hydraulic and other
engines, applicable also as pump, and in order to a clear understanding thereof I
will describe them in detail with the aid of the accompanying 2 Sheets of illus-
trative Drawings. Referring to these,
Fig. 1 is a transverse section in line m, n, of Fig. 2, the cylinder being supposed
to be horizontal.
Fig. 2 is a vertical section in the line p, q, of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section in line r, s, of Fig. 4 of a reversible motor with two
cylinders coupled together.
Fig. 4 is a vertical transverse section in line t, u, of the same motor.
Fig. 5, a section in axial line of the cylinder of a motor furnished with means
for reversing, consisting of a valve interposed between the distributing valve and
the cylinder. The saine letters of reference indicate the same or similar parts in all
the Figures.
A is the base plate; B, the cylinder; C, the piston; D, the driving shaft; E, the
piston rod; F, the distributing valve. This valve, in combination with the other
parts about to bo described, constitutes an important feature of the Invention.
The said valve has a face, which may be partially or entirely cylindrical, and it is
hermetically enclosed within the valve chest, in which it may be balanced in the
case of high pressures. G, slide valve rod; H, a lever for operating the slide valve
when the engine does not require to be reversed; I, oscillating guide bracket for
the lever H; J, fixed support for the bracket I; K, supply pipe for the actuating
fluid, which may be water, air, or steam; L, discharge pipe for the fluid after it has
donc its work in the cylinder; M, slide valve chest; N, cover of slide valve chest.
This cover in this case is a simple cast plate, but when the valve is balanced the
chest is cylindrical (Fig. 4); a, a¹, ports in the cylinder serving alternately for inlet
and outlet; b, exhaust passage; Z, roller running upon a steel quadrant and having
its axis fixed in the cylinder. The office of this roller is to case the neck of the
right trunnion from the excessive strain thrown upon the block or support P when
the pressure of the actuating fluid is great. This strain is proportional to the
pressure of the fluid and the cross section of the inlet pipe K.
The preceding explanation, which applies principally to Figs. 1 and 2, shews that
while the cylinder B oscillates around its trunnions and its axis O the slide valve F
receives from it movement of translation, which is combined with the rotary
movement impressed upon it by the lever H. This lever is fixed upon the axis G,
and its rod or tail slides in the block I, which oscillates in o. It is evident that if
the point o were placed diametrically opposite its present position and underneath
the direction of motion of the apparatus would be changed, since it would then
turn in an inverse sense to the arrow f, as will bo now more particularly explained
with reference to Figs. 3 and 4, which represent an arrangement comprising two
cylinders, and wherein Q is a removable valve casing in which the valve F oscillates
when its form is that of a complete cylinder. R, a screw for the introduction of
lubricant and to enable it to be ascertained if the valve leaks; S, reversing lever,

page_text: carrying a rod T, which by a beam or lever U operates a stop bolt V, serving to
fix the arms or support J, J", which perform a part analogous to the arms J
(Figs. 1 and 2). The two arms or supports J¹, J", can oscillate around the axis X.
H, H", is a beam or lever fixed upon the axis G and is analogous to the single
ended arm or lever H (Figs. 1 and 2); 0¹,0¹, being alternately the points around
which the beam or lever H',H", oscillates in the same way as o is the point around
which the arm or lever H oscillate in Figs. 1 and 2.
In the positions shown in Figs. 3 and 4 the beam or lever H¹, H", oscillates
round the upper stud o¹ for the left cylinder (Fig. 3), while the lever or beam
oscillates for the right cylinder round the stud o". In this case the machine turns
in the direction of the arrow f¹. If, however, the reversing lever S be lowered in
such a way that the bolt V engages in the notch Y of the fixed quadrant Z the
notch g of the arm J' will engage with lower stud o", which will thus become on
the left side the centro of oscillation for the beam or lever H³, H". The inverse of
this will take place on the right side and the direction of motion of the machine
will be changed.
The change of direction may be effected by the arrangement represented in
Fig. 5. This consists in inserting between the distributing mechanism represented
in Figs. 1 and 2 and the cylinder a special valve or cock F¹ (Fig. 5) pierced with
four openings, or passages h,i,j, h, which can be put alternately, two by two, in
communication with the conduits a, a, and a¹, a¹. Upon the axis of the cock is
keyed a handle Z, shewn in dotted lines, and placed between two tappets or stops
fixed in the long lever L', whose eye turns round the same axis O as the
cylinder B.
In the positions shewn in Fig. 5 the machine turns in the direction of the
arrow f", but if the lever L'is moved from right to left and the handle is moved
over by the tappet u the opening i of the cock K' will put the passages a, a¹ in
communication, while the conduit will put in communication the passages a¹, a¹¹,
and the direction of rotation will be reversed.
It will be seen that the lever L' also carries a stop bolt V', which can engage in
either of the three notches 1, 2, 3, of the fixed quadrant 4, according as the engine
is set to go forward, to be stopped, or to go backwards.
To mitigate the shock or concussion that occurs at the reversal of the fluid
currents there is arranged below the slide valve chest an air chamber or cylinder,
in which a piston can move against the pressure of a strong spring.
Having thus described tho nature of the said Invention, and the manner in which
it is to be performed, as communicated to me as aforesaid, I would have it
understood that what is considered to be novel and original, and is therefore
claimed as secured to me by the Letters Patent herein before in part recited is,―
In motors worked by hydraulic or other fluid pressure, and which may be used
also as pumps,
1. The combination of an oscillating cylinder, such as B, carrying a valve chest
with a partially circular valve, such as F, entirely enclosed in said chest, and whose
axis G, passing through a stuffing box, is connected to a lever H that slides in a
block, such as o, oscillating about a fixed point, the arrangement being such that
the required distribution of the fluid is effected by the oscillating movement of
the cylinder and the movement of rotation of the valve, substantially as described
with reference to Figs. 1 and 2 of the Drawings.
2. The arrangement for reversing the direction of motion of a motor or pump
having one or two cylinders, wherein a lever such as S acts upon arms such
as J, J", which, according as their position is depressed or elevated, serve by
turns as supports to the centres or studs O¹ or O", around which the beam or
lever H, Hi, keyed on the axis G of the valve F, oscillates, substantially as
described with reference to and illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4 of the Drawings.
3. The arrangement for equilibriating the distributing valve F, substantially as
described with reference to and illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4 of the Drawings, with
the removable casing Q and the screw R to permit inspection and lubrication.

page_text: 4. The modified arrangement wherein fluid distribution is effected by a circular
faced valve, substantially as shewn in Fig. 5.
5. The application of a roller Z moving with the cylinder and rolling (upon an
axis) against the framework to shield the bearing v, vl, of the trunnion, by which
the fluid escapes from the pressure which results from the entering fluid, substan-
tially as described and shewn in Figs. 1 and 4.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Lloyd Wise, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.