matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Barker Gowland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
August 1859.
I, EDWARD BARKER GOWLAND, of Brecknock Street, Camden Town, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES," to be as follows:-
My Invention for the improvement of pianofortes consists, 1stly, in the con-
struction of the studs through which the strings are passed, by introducing a
piece of wire either above or below the centres of the holes usually made in
the studs for the strings to rest against, thereby ensuring much greater freedom
to the vibration of the strings.
2ndly, the application of inclined planes in the rest planks of pianofortes,
where the tuning pins are inserted for the purpose of insuring a greater
firmness of down bearing pressure upon the bridges or studs used in or upon
the said rest planks, dispensing with the side bearing of the strings, and
securing a more sustained vibration. The application of the inclined planes
also, by throwing the pressure from the pull of the strings more directly upon
or less distant from the bracings or supports, and in consequence obtaining a
greater resistance to the tension of the strings, will thereby cause pianofortes
manufactured upon this principle to stand better in tune.
3rdly, studs or shoes with wires inserted in the same, to be fixed upon the

page_text: bridges of the sounding board, for the purpose of obviating all pressure or
strain upon such sounding boards, and allowing the strings to pass more freely
over them, and also to be stretched much straighter, giving more prolonged
vibration to the instrument.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBONATE OF SODA
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Robertson Arrott at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th November 1859.
I, ALEXANDER ROBERTSON ARROTT, of Saint Helen's in the County of
Lancaster, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBONATE OF SODA," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
carbonate of soda; for these purposes salt cake is as heretofore fused with
bituminous coal, but the coal is used in larger proportions than is generally
usual, by which an open porous coke-like product is obtained, consisting of
coke and sulphuret of sodium, which is broken up into small lumps and
moistened; carbonic acid gas is then applied, and the carbonate of soda pro-
duced is dissolved out and boiled down.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL WHALEBONE APPLICABLE TO UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, STAYS, HATS, BONNETS, REEDS, CRINOLINES, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Rait Beard at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st July
1859.
I, JAMES RAIT BEARD, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL WHALEBONE APPLICABLE
TO UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, STAYS, HATS, BONNETS, REEDS, CRINOLINES, AND OTHER
SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention is an improvement on or an extension of two Patents granted
to Rudolph Wappenstein, dated respectively the Third day of November One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, No. 2798, and the Eighth day of
June One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, No. 1286, and which have
been assigned to me by the said Rudolph Wappenstein, and consists of
steeping the horn of animals in oil, or a composition of oil and other matters
heated to the requisite temperature until it is sufficiently soft, giving it
elasticity and brilliancy, and then put it in a mould heated by steam, after
which processes a maundril made of wood or metal is driven into the horn to
straighten it, when it may be cut spirally, as described in the Specification of
the aforesaid Patent, dated the Eighth day of June 1858, granted to Rudolph
Wappenstein.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Prince at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th July
1859.
I, FREDERIC PRINCE, of 138, New Bond Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Gun Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates principally to that class of rifled breech-loading fire-
arms wherein the breech end of the barrel is closed by means of a conical
plug, but it may also be applied to breech-loading fire-arms of other descrip-
tions. The object of the Invention is to render such fire-arms (on an
emergency) capable of being loaded at the muzzle with the "regulation" or
other ordinary ammunition, which with breech-loading fire-arms, as at present
constructed, cannot be accomplished efficiently inasmuch as the chamber at the
breech end is enlarged in order to receive a larger projectile than would pass
down the bore, and the consequence is that when the arm is loaded from the
muzzle, as soon as the projectile is forced into the chamber it becomes loose,
and not only destroys the accuracy of firing, but also allows of the escape of
the powder round the circumference of the projectile, and to fill up this
chamber with powder, so as to prevent the projectile from entering it, would
require at least double the charge ordinarily employed. In order to obviate
this difficulty, and to accomplish the double object of preventing the projectile
from entering the enlarged chamber and at the same time of reducing the
capacity of the said chamber so that the "regulation" or ordinary charge of

page_text: powder shall fill the same, I propose to screw or otherwise attach a pin or peg
in the centre of the conical stopper of the breech, such pin or peg being of a
diameter sufficient to reduce the capacity of the chamber to the required
degree, and extending the whole length of the chamber, so that its end
receives the base of the projectile, and prevents its being rammed into the
enlarged chamber. It will be, of course, evident that the pin or peg must be
so attached as to be readily removed when the breech-loading cartridge would
be required to be used instead of the "regulation" or ordinary muzzle-loading
cartridge. The same end may be arrived at by means of a moveable cone or
stopper (with a pin attached or otherwise) being merely placed inside the
breech end of the chamber.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR EMBOSSING LACE OR OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS MADE ON BOBBIN NET MACHINES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Sander at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th December
\1859.
I, WILLIAM SANDER, of New Basford, in the County of Nottingham,
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for." IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR EMBOSSING LACE OR OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS MADE
ON BOBBIN NET MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of sinkers and jacks and jack bars, or a jack bar
and sley, and sinkers bars, which are so arranged that they may emboss lace
or other textile fabrics made on bobbin net machines at any part of the work
required. In explaining my said Invention, I may state that when the sinker
is up the embossing thread passes over it, and by the operation of the warp
threads and bobbin threads acting in conjunction a pile or embossed fabric
is produced. The sinkers when up can also, if required, be brought forward
or taken backward so as gradually to raise higher or lower the embossed work.
When the jacks are attached to the sinkers an upward or downward move-
ment may be imparted to them by the operation of a jacquard, but when the
jacks are not attached to the sinkers, the sinkers being in a bar or bars, they
may be moved up and down alternately or otherwise as may be required.
In figuring lace or other fabrics, or in making patterns or designs with the
embossed work the sinkers and jacks may be selected in such wise as to give
any desired pattern or design.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LAMP AND GAS SHADES OR GLASSES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Frederick Haas at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
June 1859.
I, ALBERT FREDERICK HAAS, of Camomile Street, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LAMP AND GAS SHADES OR GLASSES," to be as follows:-
My improvements in lamp or gaslight shades or glasses consist, first, in
making such articles of beads more or less transparent or opaque, and of the
same or various colours, and according to any suitable device, pattern, or
ornament. I prefer to use a metal ring or foundation from which the threads
or wires radiate or traverse in any suitable direction, and on which the beads
are threaded, and worked together in the ordinary manner of beadwork, either
close or more or less open, and of a suitable shape for the shade or glass
required, I also work up small shells in a similar manner, and for a like
purpose.
Further improvements in such shades or glasses consist in making them of
glass, having two or more different colours, or it may be of different degrees
of transparency in its thickness, the one colour or shade being cut through and
removed to form suitable ornamental device or pattern.
A further modification consists in applying different coloured glass pieces or
ornaments, or of different degrees of transparency on a plain or coloured shade
or glass in its manufacture, thereby showing different coloured glass or orna-
mentation by its transparency, or otherwise, such ornamentation may be
cemented on the glass or shade forming the groundwork.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOCKS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Dawson Clegg and Thomas
Saunders at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 13th August 1859.
We, ROBERT DAWSON CLEGG, of Islington, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, and THOMAS SAUNDERS, of Islington, in the same County,
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOCKS," to be as follows:-
The object of the improvements is to form a lock which shall preclude the
possibility of its being picked or unlocked without the aid of the peculiar
constructed key adjusting itself to the peculiar constructed mechanism of the
lock. For this purpose the bolt which, as in the common lock, is to secure
the door, is made to move to and fro without the aid of any spring, but merely
by the aid of a simple leverage moved by a common door or similar knob. The
inside end or attachment of this bolt adjusts itself to a lever, which lever holds
the bolt firm in its place, either locked or unlocked; underneath the above
lever is a number of levers or latches, these are moved by means of springs
forcing them into their proper positions. The construction of the key is
peculiar, and has not, as is the case with other locks, to be turned in order to
lock or unlock, but merely requires to be placed in the key-hole, and a slide
on the outside of the lock moves a lever in the inside, and allows the various
latches or levers to adjust themselves to the key without at all turning the
key, so that supposing it to be locked, on putting the key in the hole and
moving the slide on the outside, the bolt which secures the door will be
immediately released or unlocked, and then again to lock it, turn the lever

page_text: which moves the bolt and move the slide in the opposite direction to that of
unlocking, and then withdraw the key and it will be securely locked, which it
will be impossible to unlock without the proper key.
AN. IMPROVEMENT IN BIT STOCKS OR AUGER HANDLES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Tucker, of the State of Massachusetts, .of
the United States of America, for the Invention of "AN. IMPROVEMENT IN
BIT STOCKS OR AUGER HANDLES.""
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Tucker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declaration, on
the 3rd March 1859, pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent Law
Amendment Act 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, BE IT
KNOWN, that I, WILLIAM TUCKER, of the State of Massachusetts, of the
United States of America, have invented "AN IMPROVEMENT IN. BIT STOCKS OR
AUGER HANDLES," and I do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, or in other words its
construction and mode of operation, are fully described and ascertained in and
by the following Specification and the accompanying Drawings, of which
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a bit stock socket having my improvement
applied to it; Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of the same; and Figure 3.
is an under side view of it.
The nature of my Invention consists in a peculiar application and arrange-.
ment of a screw and a segmental bead or its equivalent with reference to the
bit stock socket, and for the purpose of enabling a person to fix. or hold a
boring or other tool therein..

page_text: In the Drawings A exhibits the socket head or part of a bit stock C, which
not only receives the tapering part a of a tool or bit B, but projects from the
bell crank of the stock, as shown in the Drawings. Extending down through
the head A and alongside of the socket c, I arrange a female screw d, into
which a male screw e, provided with a milled head f, is to be screwed, and so
as to project from each end of the said head A, as shown in the Drawings.
On the lower end of the male screw a button or segmental conical frustrum g
is affixed, so as to rotate with the screw. The curved part of the periphery of
the button projects further from the axis of the screw than the chord or straight
portion of it, the same being for the purpose of enabling the curved part to
enter an angular notch h made in the bit or boring tool while the male screw
is being revolved. By turning the screw the button will enter the said notch
and be drawn upwards, so as to act against the upper part of the notch and
draw the bit or tool close up into the socket c, and there holds it until the
screw is turned backward, so as to carry the button out of the notch.
This simple Invention admits of a bit or boring tool being fastened in the
socket of its stock or handle with great facility and security.
Having thus described my Invention, what I claim is the combination of
the screws d, e, and the segmental button g, or its equivalent as applied and
arranged with respect to the bit or boring tool socket, and to operate with or
on the tool substantially as specified.
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my signature and seal, this
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF BOOT TREE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Rawlings at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th April
1859.
I, JAMES RAWLINGS, of Carlton Hill East, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF BOOT TREE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel construction of apparatus for holding boots
and shoes while being cleaned, the object being to facilitate the cleaning of
the same by enabling the cleaner to operate simultaneously with both hands
on a boot or shoe.
To this end I provide a boot tree which shall be capable of contracting to
receive the boot and then of being expanded and retained in that position
while the boot is being cleaned. This boot tree I fasten to any fixed point, as
a wall, post, or other fixture, and thus by removing the necessity for the
operator to hold the boot, leave both hands free for blacking and polishing it.
The boot tree consists simply of a fixed bracket piece, (the extremity of which
forms an abutment for the heel of the boot) and a rock lever hinged to and
in front of the fixed piece. At one extremity of this rock lever a handle is
formed for rocking it, and the other is shaped to fit the toe of the boot or shoe.
By moving the handle of the rock lever outwards the foot of the tree will be
contracted and allow of the boot or shoe being readily slipped on, but when
moved in the opposite direction the toe piece is thrust out, and the boot or
shoe tightly gripped by the tree. This grip is maintained while the cleaning

page_text: operation is proceeding by a rack and click arrangement, or its equivalent, and
in order to release the boot or shoe it will only be necessary to disengage
the rack from its click, when the boot will be free to slip off, or be
removed from the tree. To provide for the upper part of the boot being
beld at tension, as when, for example, a Hessian boot is required to be cleaned 5
an additional bar (by preference made of elastic wood or metal) may be
attached at its lower extremity to the back of the fixed bracket piece, and its
upper end made to bear against the end of the rack. In this instanco while
the foot of the boot tree is being expanded tho rack will press the additional
bar outwards, and cause the upper part of the boot to be held at tension 1
between that bar and the rock lever.
IMPROVED APPARATUS POR RAISING AND LOWERING BOATS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Archer Wood and Martin
Dadd Rogers at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 31st May 1859.
We, EDWIN ARCHER WOOD, of Victoria Terrace, Notting Hill, in the County
of Middlesex, of the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company, and
MARTIN DADD ROGERS, of Bromley, in the County of Middlesex, Shipwright,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS
POR RAISING AND LOWERING BOATS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to permit of ship's boats being lowered and
raised without risk of the boat being capsized or dragged under or lifted
endwise out of the water. To this end, we hang the boat in rope slings,
which are rove through blocks in the bilges of the boat at the bow and stern,
and are wound round an octagonal barrel mounted in the centre of the boat;
the ends of the rope slings being first passed through holes in the barrel, but
not otherwise attached thereto. These slings are connected to the ordinary
tackle of the davits, by means of which the lowering and raising of the boat
is effected. The barrel is prevented from turning and unwinding the slings
by means of a rope, stopper, or brake and side pawl. The pawl must, however,
be thrown out of action when the operation of raising or lowering is about to
The brake rope is rove round the centre of the barrel and one
end affixed to a staple in the bottom of the boat, and the other lapped round
a pintle or holdfast, and held in the hand of the brakesman. When the boat
has been lowered to within a given distance of the water, the back rope is

page_text: slackened, and the barrel turning will allow the slings to unreeve and disengage
themselves from the barrel, thereby leaving the boat free of the ship. For
rehoisting, the boat must be provided with spare slings, which are to be rove
through the blocks and on to the barrel and connected with the davit tackles,
as before explained. In the event, therefore, of either tackle fouling, the boat
may be eased off instantly, the disengagement of the boat from the tackle
being dependent on the will of the brakesman.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COCOA-NUT FIBRE YARN AND MATTING
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Felton Kirkman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th April 1859.
I, CHARLES FELTON KIRKMAN, of Argyle Street, Regent Street, London,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COCOA-NUT FIBRE YARN AND MATTING,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a new mode or method of preparing and spinning
cocoa-nut fibre into yarn or coir, either by itself or in combination with other
fibre of a like or similar character, and is effected by the adaptation and use of
certain well-known spinning machinery to the purpose (the mode of operation
will be clearly & satisfactorily set forth in a Complete Specification to be hereafter
filed; the machinery I do not claim), and when the fibre is spun or twisted
into yarn, then of manufacturing it into matting, carpetting, canvas, and such
other articles of utility as it is applicable to.
By the adaptation of machinery to the purpose instead of the uncertain
mode of hand spinning, I obtain a yarn much more regular in appearance and
in every way a better article than has hitherto been imported. Heretofore
we have been entirely dependant upon an uncertain foreign supply of cocoa
fibre yarn or coir, which is now extensively used in the manufacture of matting,
&c., but by the adoption of this Invention we shall be independant of a foreign
supply of the manufactured yarn or coir, and be enabled to make a much finer
& better fabric than has yet been produced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEIGHTS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Dowling at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th March
1859.
I, EDWARD DOWLING, of Little Queen Street, Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, Scale Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEIGHTS," to be as follows:-
My improvements in weights relate to those articles made of glass, and
consist in the particular application of the metal thereto for the purposes of
adjustment. In weights made of glass heretofore the adjusting metal applied
has frequently broken the glass by reason of its heat producing sudden
expansion therein.
Now, according to my Invention, I form glass weights of any suitable
shape; but for the large ones I prefer them circular, with a double bulge and
flat at the bottom, the larger bulge serving as the base, and the smaller one to.
take hold of. I form a hole through the body of the glass from top to bottom,
such hole being largest at the ends and small in the middle; thus a piece of
cylindrical lead or other soft metal may be inserted and pressure applied above
and below, which will fix the lead or soft metal firmly in the glass; this soft
metal may be flush with the top of the glass, and the hall mark applied at the
upper part, or if desired, above as well as below. Instead of compressing the
metal cold I sometimes insert a piece of lead or other metal, tinned on its
surface, nearly as large as can be inserted in the smallest part of the hole or
cavity. I then pour a little molten solder around it, which fills up the dove-

page_text: If tho
tail of the cavity, and so secures the whole firmly in position. The small
quantity of molten lead inserted has no injurious effect on the glass.
centre piece of metal is of copper it absorbs the heat of the solder rapidly;
this piece of copper may cover the hole at the top like a rivet head. Instead
of forming the hole quite through the glass I may make only a cavity in the
upper or lower part of a dovetailed or other suitable form, whereby a cold
piece of metal can be inserted and secured by introducing a small quantity of
molten metal, either by the soldering action or simply by the shape of the hole
and metal or metals adapted thereto. These weights may be flat or of any
other shape, according to the purposes for which they are required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ENAMELLING ARTICLES OF JEWELLERY, APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alphonse Gueyton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th June
1859.
I, ALPHONSE GUEYTON, of Paris, in the French Empire, Jeweller, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ENAMELLING
ARTICLES OF JEWELLERY, APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES" to be as
follows:-
In applying enamel to articles of jewellery, it has hitherto been the practice
to form the recess or field in which the enamel has been placed, by the tedious
operation of cutting away the metal to the requisite depth by means of the
graver or otherwise, to form the requisite depression by means of dies and
matrices of an expensive character.
The object of the present Invention is to avoid the inconveniences attendant
on the previous methods; its principle consists in the superposition and
attachment to each other (by soldering, rivetting, setting, or other mode of
connection) of two plates or pieces of metal or other material, one of which
has a plain or even surface and the other is perforated by stamping or other-
wise in the form of the required pattern, so that when the perforated piece
is placed upon and attached to the plain surface, the perforations form recesses
in which the enamel may be placed, leaving the reliefs or exposed portions of
the perforated plate to be burnished, engraved, or chiselled as desired.
Or otherwise the effect may be varied by placing the enamel upon the
reliefs, and burnishing, engraving, or chiselling the cavities. According as.

page_text: the article to be formed is plane, concave, or convex, the shape which it is
definitely to assume is given to it at the proper time, either before or after the
perforation.
The example given in the accompanying Drawing will assist in enabling
the nature of the Invention to be clearly understood.
Fig. 1 represents a plate perforated with a design or pattern, and intended
to form part of a brooch. Fig. 2 shews a section of the same, soldered,
rivetted, or otherwise attached to another plate (shewn seperately at Fig. 3)
having a plain or even surface, and Fig. 4 the completed brooch.
The same system of superposition is applicable also to marquetrie and to 1
other decorative or artistic work, whether in metal or other material.
.
A REGIS- TERING NAUTICAL VELOCIMETER FOR MEASURING THE SPEED OF SHIPS, AND ALSO OF CURRENTS OF WATER
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Spalding Parfitt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
October 1859.
I, JOHN SPALDING PARFITT, of 60, Boulevart de Strasbourg, Paris, Practical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A REGIS-
TERING NAUTICAL VELOCIMETER FOR MEASURING THE SPEED OF SHIPS, AND ALSO OF
CURRENTS OF WATER," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in a suitable disc provided with a central rod moving
freely through the fore part of the hull of ships below the floating line; the
surface of the disc receives the pressure of the said water as the ship moves
forward, and the central rod bears upon a cranked lever mantained in its
normal position by a spring, which yields to the pressure of the water on the
disc; a rod connected with the second arm of the lever carries a rack, which,
gearing with a pinion, causes a hand to show on a dial the degrees corre-
sponding to the speed of the ship. A clockwork connected with the apparatus
causes a drum to rotate once in 24 hours; the surface of this drum is covered
with a sheet of paper divided into 24 parts by perpendicular lines, and the
spring rod bears a pencil, the point of which being kept touching the paper by
a small spring, will mark a black line on this paper as it rotates, but as the
spring rod ascends or descends according to the speed, so the pencil will mark a
line corresponding to the said speed; and the sheet of paper being also divided

page_text: by parallel horizontal lines, the actual speed will acurately registered on the
sheet of paper; every 24 hours another sheet of paper is put on the drum.
The annexed sketch will convey an idea of my nautical velocimeter.
a, disc; b, its central rod; c, hull of the ship; h, floating line; g, g, water-
tight chamber; d, e, cranked lever; f, rod mantained by the spring r; i, clock-
work; j, speed dial; k, drum covered with a sheet of paper; n, pencil carried
by the spring rod f, and marking on the surface of k.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGHTS FOR FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Eyre Ashby at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th June
1859.
I, JOHN EYRE ASHBY, of Enfield, Batchelor of Arts, F.R.A.S., do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGHTS FOR
FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing sights which, whilst being elevated
or depressed, appeal to the senses of touch and hearing for enabling the
proper elevation of the sight piece to be given without the necessity for
examining or inspecting it when about to fire. Instead of constructing the
sights of fire-arms, as heretofore, either by means of a number of hinged
pieces of different heights fitted upon the barrel, each having a notch or
V-groove cut therein, or a single frame of sufficient height fixed by means of
a hinged joint to the barrel, and having a cross bar or sight piece sliding up
and down the frame, or any of the other forms or arrangements of sights
heretofore employed, by which the position of the sight may be changed
noiselessly, I employ a moveable lever arm, quadrant, or frame, which, being
mounted or centred in bearings, may be raised or depressed to any required
extent within a range of 90°, or between the horisontal line or zero, and the
vertical line or angle of greatest elevation or range. Such elevation or
depression is effected by a step-by-step movement, and appeals to the senses
of touch and hearing, thereby preventing the necessity for removing the eye
from the object about to be shot at, the distance alone having to be judged of.

page_text: I prefer to construct my improved sight by forming a toothed quadrant or
rack at the bottom end of a pivotted lever arm, and causing a spring ratchet
tooth or pall to take thereinto, and from which it may be disengaged by a
thumbpiece or other equivalent means, the notches or teeth of the rack being
suitably divided in order to give the correct range; but instead of a toothed
quadrant or rack being formed on the lower end of the lever arm forming the
sight, or to which it may be attached, the lever may take into notches in the
face or edge of a fixed quadrant, being sprung into its place in each notch, or
retained there by means of an independent spring. The improved sight may
either be fixed to the side of the barrel, or in any other convenient position.
A NEW OR IMPROVED OVEN OR STOVE FOR BAKING, FOR DRYING JAPANNED AND LACQUERED GOODS, AND FOR SUCH OTHER PURPOSES AS THE SAME IS OR MAY BE APPLICABLE TO
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Cooper and Thomas Jonés
Evans at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 14th May 1859.
We, THOMAS COOPER, of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford,
Builder, and THOMAS JONES EVANS, of West Bromwich aforesaid, Manager of
Iron Works, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
NEW OR IMPROVED OVEN OR STOVE FOR BAKING, FOR DRYING JAPANNED AND
LACQUERED GOODS, AND FOR SUCH OTHER PURPOSES AS THE SAME IS OR MAY BE
APPLICABLE TO," to be as follows:-
Our said new or improved oven consists of a closed rectangular or other
suitably shaped chamber, having an arched top. Between the said chamber
and outer walls of the oven a flue is situated; the said flue passing round the
sides and top of the said closed chamber. The bottom ends of the flue com-
municate with a furnace or fire-place underneath the said chamber, and that
portion of the flue running along the arched part of the chamber terminates
in a stack or chimney. The furnace is separated from the chamber by an
arched wall. The fire and heated air from the said fire-place or furnace by
circulating about the said flue heats the oven or closed chamber.
In order the inore readily to effect the beating of the said oven or chamber
we make in the walls which separate the chamber from the before mentioned
flue a series of small passages or flues, the said passages being made in the
walls either in the direction of their length, or transverse thereto. The said

page_text: passages or flues are made by building the wall with bricks, having per-
forations, which said bricks being built so that the perforation in one opens
into those in the bricks above and below it, there is thus constructed a
series of continuous flues in the wall; lateral openings in some of the bricks
effect communication between the principal flue and the said passages or
small flues.
By the fire and heated air circulating about the said passages or flues, in
addition to circulating round the principal flue, the heating of the oven is very
much facilitated. Access to the oven or chamber is obtained by a door
situated over the furnace.
Our new or improved oven is especially applicable for baking bread, and
for heating or drying such articles as require to be heated in a chamber free
from dust and smoke; but our Invention may be used for various other
purposes, such, for example, as manufacturing coke and breezes.
When we use our improved oven for baking bread, we prefer to make a
small opening in the arched part of the oven, the said opening communicating
by a passage with the stack or chimney. The said passage is provided with a
valve or damper, by opening which the steam accumulated in the oven may
escape by the said passage to the stack or chimney.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SAWING AND CUTTING UP LOAF SUGAR
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Robert Terry at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
May 1859.
I, ALEXANDER ROBERT TERRY, Civil Engineer, of No. 24, Great George
Street, Westminster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SAWING AND CUTTING UP LOAF SUGAR," to
be as follows:-
My improvements consist, first, in the use of a circular saw to reduce the
common sugar loaf into long square pieces called sticks; secondly, in the use
of a cross-cut knife in connection with a feeding apparatus to reduce the sticks
into lumps of the sizes required; thirdly, in the use of a sieve to separate the
imperfect lumps.
The parts performing these various operations are connected together in the
usual manner, and embodied in one machine.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Jeyes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th August
1859.
I, JOHN JEYES, of Northampton, in the County of Northampton, Seed
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the employment of what I term a marginal welt,
that is, a welt formed of a strip in such manner that it may be turned over, in
order to permit of its being first sewn to the upper leather and afterwards to
the sole by a sewing machine, whereby hand sewing may be entirely dispensed
with. Before sewing the welt to the upper and sole, I cause the parts to
adhere by paste or other adhesive material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HARVESTERS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Whitford Tyler at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th June 1859.
I, SAMUEL WHITFORD TYLER, of Greenwich, in the State of New York,
United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HARVESTERS," to be as follows:-
I make use of a suitable frame, beneath the forward end of which is a
castor or pilot wheel so connected to the tongue by a clevis that the wheel
will travel more or less.obliquely to overcome the resistance of the cutter bar.
The power to vibrate my cutters is derived from one or more wheels on a cross
shaft in aforesaid frame, and on the same shaft is a wheel having a zig-zag
groove around its periphery acting on a roller attached on a pendulous lever,
to the lower end of which the cutter bar is connected, and receives its motion
from aforesaid zig-zag groove. The upper end of this pendulous lever forms
the fulcrum by being attached to a standard so set in slides on the frame that
the parts can be moved to draw the roller out of the zig-zag groove to stop the
motion of the cutter bar. The inner end of the finger board carrying the
cutters is hinged to a vertical slide, whereby the whole finger board and cutters
can be lifted or turned up vertically, or the height from the ground regulated
by lifting the said slide by a lever. The finger board itself is made by a metal
bar having a groove in its upper surface, and a lip at the front edge of said
groove, under which a lip on the cutter bar passes; a bar behind the

page_text: cutter bar keeps that in place, and the fingers are attached by bolts passing
through said bars, and through flanges at the back ends of said fingers;
the cutters on said bar travel or vibrate over slotted plates attached to the
fingers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN BLEACHING, DYEING, AND EXTRACTING THE COLOURING MATTER FROM DYE MATERIALS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Kay Whitehead at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
June 1859.
I, ROBERT KAY WHITEHEAD, of Elton, near Bury, in the County of Lancaster,
Bleacher, Dyer, and Printer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN BLEACHING, DYEING,
AND EXTRACTING THE COLOURING MATTER FROM DYE MATERIALS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in forming a vacuum by means of the condensation
of steam in a vessel which is in communication with another vessel containing
the articles to be operated upon; this latter vessel is in communication
with an open vessel or vessels containing the bleaching, dyeing, or other
agent employed. In performing my Invention steam is admitted into the
steam vessel, and then a valve is opened (between the steam vessel and the
vessel containing the articles to be operated upon) to allow the bleaching or
other liquid to be forced through the materials to be operated upon, and into
the steam vessel by the pressure of the atmosphere acting on the liquid in the
open vessel referred to. When the steam vessel is filled by the liquid, air is
admitted from above and the liquid descends again through the materials to be
operated upon. These operations are repeated as often as is required, and the
liquid can be changed to produce the desired effect.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Hick and William Hargreaves, of Bolton-le-
Moors, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, trading under the firm
of Benj". Hick & Son, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS."
Sealed the 18th March 1859, and dated the 21st January 1859.
VINAD
апа
Hargreaves at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 21st January 1859.
We, JOHN HICK and WILLIAM HARGREAVES, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineers, trading under the firm of Benj". Hick & Son,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OP STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
Our said Invention consists in the use of Tiron for forming the joints
between the plates or hoops of which the internal flues of boilers or the shells
of boilers are constructed or made, and the improved joint is intended to give
increased strength to internal flues, to prevent collapse when under great
pressure, and also to cause the flue to act as a rigid longitudinal stay for the
boiler. It is applicable to flues with the ordinary longitudinal rivetted joint,

page_text: as well as to cylindrical flues made in short lengths with longitudinal welded
joints. A space is left between the edges of the plates at the joints of
sufficient width to admit of caulking, whilst the two flanges of the T iron may
ibe caulked externally in the usual manner.. In making the shells of boilers
with the improved joint, the T iron may be applied either internally or
externally, the T iron being made of such section and strength as circum-
stances may require.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING THE TIME CARRIAGES ARE EMPLOYED IN CONVEYING PERSONS FROM PLACE TO PLACE, AND ALSO IN MOVING FROM PLACE TO PLACE WHEN UNOCCUPIED
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Bonneau at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th. February
1859.
I, LOUIS BONNEAU, of No. 279, Rue St. Denis, in the City of Paris, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING THE TIME CARRIAGES ARE EMPLOYED IN CONVEYING
PERSONS FROM PLACE TO PLACE, AND ALSO IN MOVING FROM PLACE TO PLACE WHEN
UNOCCUPIED," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for registering
the time carriages are employed in conveying persons from place to place, and
also in moving from place to place when unoccupied. For this purpose the
seat of a cab or other vehicle is supported by means of springs against fixed
stops, but the springs allow the weight of a passenger to cause the seat to
descend a short distance; below the seat there is a disc on which a ring of
paper (on which, by preference, a graduated scale is printed) may be fixed by
suitable clips, or the disc may be covered with paint, or made otherwise
suitable to be marked upon; through the centre of this disc an axis passes, to
which (above the surface of the ring of paper) an arm is attached; on this arni
there are two branches, each of which carries a pencil or marker, the points
of which are both in the same radial line from the axis, but one of them is
farther from the axis than the other. The axis to which the arm carrying
these pencils or markers is attached, is caused to revolve by means of suitable
clockwork, and is, by preference, arranged to make one revolution every

page_text: twenty-four hours. One of these pencils or markers constantly presses on the
ring of paper and so marks it as it revolves, and this pencil is capable of
turning on a centre on its branch arm, so that the pencil or marker may
oscillate radially, and a weight is attached to the pencil, so that when the cab
or vehicle is in motion, this pencil oscillates and makes a zig-zag line on the
paper, the other pencil or marker is, when the cab or other vehicle is un-
occupied, held up by means of a spring a short distance from the paper, but
when the seat of the cab or other vehicle is depressed by the weight of a
passenger, a projection on the under side of the seat presses down this pencil,
and so causes it also to mark on the paper. At the end of the day, by opening
a door in the seat and removing the paper, and then observing the lines made
thereon by the pencils or markers, the time occupied by the cab in conveying
persons from place to place may be ascertained, also the time employed in
moving from place to place when unoccupied, and also the time the convey-
ance is standing still.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR BAKING OR BURNING CHINA, EARTHENWARE, AND BRICKS, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Dorn at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th May
1859.
I, CHARLES DORN, of Stuttgart, in the Kingdom of Wurttemberg, but now
residing at Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Mining Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS
FOR BAKING OR BURNING CHINA, EARTHENWARE, AND BRICKS, AND FOR OTHER LIKE
PURPOSES," to be as follows:―
My said Invention consists, firstly, in constructing the inside wall of the
kiln of fire-brick, and the outer wall of common bricks, the said outer wall
being made in the form of a series of concave vertical flutes or arches. The
outer wall is supported by iron standards, and bound by iron hoops, and the
space between the inner and outer walls is filled with sand or other imperfect
conductor of heat. By this method of construction the formation of cracks or
fissures so injurious to the draught and combustion is avoided.
My Invention consists, secondly, of the following. method of constructing
the bottom of the kiln and the furnace or fire-place of the kiln-I make the
bottom of the kiln of fire-bricks arranged radially. Narrow wedge-shaped
spaces are left between the bricks, and the products of combustion descend
through these spaces to a central flue, connected with the chimney or stack.
The bottom of the kiln is supported by means of perforated walls upon an arch
or dome, also perforated. The furnaces or fire-places are made of flat bars,
arranged in a stair-like form, upon which the fuel is fed by a descending

page_text: motion. The flame and products of combustion are introduced into the kiln
through an annular channel formed between the edge of the kiln floor and
the inner wall. The width of the said channel is greatest at points midway
between each fire-place, and narrowest opposite the middle of each fire-place.
By this method of construction, the flame and heated air enter the kiln in the
form of a cylindrical sheet, which is reverberated by the arched top of the kiln,
and descends among the contents of the kiln to the flue.
My Invention consists, thirdly, in constructing on the top of the kiln a vat
or reservoir for the purpose of holding slip to be heated and evaporated by the
waste heat of the kiln, or to be used for other like purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VULCANIZED INDIA-RUBBER BANDS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Manuel Leopold Jonas Lavater at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th November 1859.
I, MANUEL LEOPOLD JONAS LAVATER, of the Strand, India-rubber Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN VULCANIZED INDIA-RUBBER BANDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in vulcanized india-rubber
bands. These bands are now commonly employed for retaining papers, and for
other similar purposes. Now, in order to facilitate the labelling of a bundle of
papers or other articles so retained, I attach to the band two or other numer
of little straps, also by preference of vulcanized india-rubber. These straps
pass across the band, and are fixed to it at each of their ends; they are at a
convenient distance apart, so that a label placed under them is securely.
retained. In order to prevent the portion of the band between the straps
stretching (which might cause the label to fall out of its place) I cement to the
back of this portion of the band a piece of unelastic woven fabric. In some
cases I make the vulcanized bands themselves to serve as labels by embossing
letters upon them before they are vulcanized; these embossed letters are
retained by the band during the vulcanizing process, and cannot afterwards be
effaced. The letters formed on the bands may either be raised or depressed,
as may be preferred. These bands may either be made endless, as is usual,
or otherwise; in the latter case the ends of the band may be furnished with a
hook and eye or other fastening. The bands may, in a similar manner, have
ornamental devices embossed or impressed on them if desired.