Improvements in and connected with Lamp-burners for Incandescent Light.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 31st July, 1897
Complete Specification Left, 16th Oct., 1897-Accepted, 20th Nov., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Lamp-burners for Incandescent
Light.
ADOLF ALBRECHT, Engineer of Berlin, N. Oderbergerstrasse 48 do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention refers to burners for producing incandescent light more especially
as applied to lamps in which mineral oil or spirit is consumed and has for its
object a more perfect combustion of the volatile fluid contained in the lamp and
also an improved combination of the parts of which an incandescent burner is
composed. I attain this object firstly by employing two hoods or mantles of
peculiar construction and resembling in shape a truncated cone. Said hoods are
provided with sieve like perforations and are attached to the under side of the
incandescent mantle.
I effect by these means a complete rarefaction and combustion of the liquid in
the lamps without varying in any appreciable degree the ordinary form of the
lamp burner which cau be of any known construction such as for instance for
round wick or also a mitrailleuse burner.
To make my invention clear I describe same with reference to the accompanying
drawing in which :
Figs. 1, 2 and 3 show in vertical section my improvements adapted to or for
round wick burners.
Figs. 4 and 5 also in vertical section show the same as adapted for a mitrailleuse
burner and at the same time in connection with a lifting mechanism.
Figs. 6 and 7 are plan views of parts belonging to Fig. 4.
The inner cone (c), provided with perforations and of fire-proof material (pre-
ferably of brass or the like) is open on the side towards the burner tube, and
although the form or shape of this cone or mantle admits of several modifications,
the same can always be characterised by the varying form of the annular con-
tracted space produced by the parts (c) and (d) at the points (c, d).
In the truncated cone or hood (c) is an inverted cone (c) tapering downwards
the action of which is to considerably facilitate the more complete mixing of the
combustion gases, for the reason that the air which ascends with great velocity
from the bottom is caused on the one hand to ascend in an inclined direction and
on the other hand to escape from the upper portion of the hood (c).
Figs. 4 and 5 show my improved burner in connection with, a mitrailleuse
burner (see also Fig. 6) the downwards tapering distributing cone (c¹) in this
case being attached to a vertical central rod (n) and a similar rod (n¹).`
The lower rod (¹) supports the cone (c) as also a guide for the same which will
be hereinafter more fully described.
The known bell-shaped incandescent mantle is suspended from a top central
rod and closely impinges on the exterior of the outer hood or truncated cone (d).
An upright rod (n2) is provided with a hook which engases with a correspond-
ing hole in the rod (n), the said rod (n²) (Fig. 4 and 7) passing through a cross

page_text: rod (o) of a ring (p) and secured at this point by a nut. The ring (p) rests on
the top edge of an especially adapted glass chimney (9) over which a second glass
chimney (), is placed.
ADOLF ALBRECHT,
Applicant.
Arpad Bauer,
Agent for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Lamp-burners for Incandescent
Light.
ADOLF ALBRECHT, Engineer Berlin N. Oderbergerstrasse 48. do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention refers to burners for producing incandescent light more especially
as applied to lamps in which mineral oil or spirit is consumed and has for its
object a more perfect combustion of the volatile fluid contained in the lamp and
also an improved combination of the parts of which an incandescen't burner is
composed. I attain this object firstly by employing two hoods or mantles of
peculiar construction and resembling in shape a truncated cone. Said hoods are
provided with sieve like perforations and are attached to the under side of the
incandescent mantle.
I effect by these means a complete rarefaction and combustion of the liquid in
the lamps without varying in any appreciable degree the ordinary form of the
lamp the burner of which can be of any known construction such as for instance
a burner for round wick or also a mitrailleuse burner.
To make my invention clear I describe same with reference to the drawing left
with the Provisional Specification, and in which:
Figs. 1, 2 and 3 show in vertical section my improvements adapted to or for
round wick burners..
fti
Figs. 4 and 5 also in vertical section show the same as adapted for a mitrailleuse
burner and at the same time in connection with lifting mechanism.
Figs. 6 and 7 are plan views of parts belonging to Fig. 4.
It is well known that gaseous vapours are only fully generated from volatile
liquid when a complete combustion can take place. With this object in view it
has been tried to surround the wick of ordinary lamps with metal cylinders or
mantles but the channel so formed has been found to enclose and limit the proper
spreading of the flame. Nor is this disadvantage obviated by decreasing or reduc-
ing the diameter of the aforesaid channel for should the latter be too narrow, both
the combustion and rarefaction will be injuriously retarded on account of an
insufficient access of air.
My improved construction in accordance with its purpose of fully effecting the
free expansion of the flame, permits however of this channel being made very
narrow.
In my burner as hereinafter more fully described I obviate the abovementioned
objections by the employment of the two perforated hoods, mantles or truncated
cones (c) and (d).
The inner cone (c), provided with perforations and of fire-proof material (pre-
ferably of brass or the like) is open on the side towards the burner tube, and
although the form or shape of this cone or mantle admits of several modifications

page_text: the same can always be characterised by the varying form of the annular con-
tracted space produced by the parts (c) and (d) at the points (c³, (¹).
This bulge or outward extension of the part (c) and the contraction or reduction:
in diameter of (d) shown at d' constitute an important feature in each form of
my improved burner, the action of the narrow channel formed at c, d being, to
increase the generation of gaseous vapour and whilst on the one hand the burner
channel is decreased in diameter at the points named, the air can yet freely pass
for the maintenance of the flame. The contraction of the channel has the effect
of considerably accelerating the generation of the vapour in consequence of the
increase in velocity whilst passing through the same.
Above the points 2 d the cones or hoods c and d extend outwardly in such
manner that the vapours which have been forced through the narrow channel
can expand and decrease in velocity and volume, thus causing the same to become
freely mixed with air from the interior and exterior of the burner, before reaching:
the incandescent body s.
In the truncated cone or hood c is an inverted cone e tapering downwards the
action of which is to considerably facilitate the more complete mixing of the com-
bustion gases, for the reason that the air which ascends with great velocity from
the bottom is caused on the one hand to ascend in an inclined direction and on
the other hand to escape from the upper portion of the hood c.
The conical distributor e causes the air arising from the interior of the burner
to flow in such direction that the same only then mixes with the vapours arising
from the contracted channel after the same have expanded, in which state the said
vapours, as is apparent, mix more freely with the air.
The employment of a distributor (c) also obviates the hissing or roaring sound
present in some incandescent burners, the reason of this being, that the air arising
from the burner tube in penetrating the holes or perforations has to overcome
constant resistance.
The action of the distributor is to greatly reduce the said friction as the air
can be diverted from issuing at the centre and is free to escape on all sides.
Figs. 4 and 5 show my improved burner in connection with a mitrailleuse burner
(see also Fig. 6) the downwardly tapering distributing cone c' in this case being
attached to a vertical central rod n and a similar rod n¹.
The lower rod n¹ supports the cone cas also a guide for the same which will
be hereinafter more fully described.
The known bell-shaped incandescent mantle is suspended from a top central
rod and closely impinges on the exterior of the outer hood or truncated cone d.
An upright rod n² is provided with a hook which engages with a corresponding
hole in the rod n, the said rod n² (Figs. 4 and 7) passing through a cross rod of a
ring and secured at this point by a nut.
The ring prests on the top edge of an especially adapted glass chimney
which a second glass chimney r, is placed.
over
Firstly, the construction hereinbefore described possesses the advantage that it
is usually only necessary to remove the top glass chimney for cleaning purposes,
said cleaning however only corresponding to the daily household cleaning of lamps
as at present effected. The burner being thus enclosed in the glass chimney q,
is also protected against undue handling. Another advantage is also gained by
arranging the parts as described in the last paragraph in connection with a lifting
mechanism (see Figs. 4 and 5).
A disadvantage hitherto experienced in producing incandescent light from
volatile fluid resided in the difficulty of igniting the flame and occasionally 3
to 4 minutes elapsed before the flame became extended to its full incandescence.
To light the lamp it would only be necessary to lift the cone or hood d; it is
however possible to raise both the inner and outer cones or hoods simultaneously
so as to remove all possible impediments to the rapid development of a steady
incandescent flame. In view of the fact that the connection between d and c is
not possible without dividing the flame, I effect, (as-shown in the drawing) the

page_text: simultaneous raising of these parts by connecting the conical distributor c¹ of the
hood c and the glass chimney 9 by means of the parts n, n³, o and 2, actuated or
operated by lifting mechanism of any approved type, the action of which is to raise
(in the guide n³ by means of the rod 2) the movable cone or hood c and also the
glass chimney 9 and the cone d.
The raising of the whole apparatus as described in the last paragraph enables
the wick to be accessible and lighted as in an ordinary lamp and thus the pro-
duction of an incandescent flame is considerably accelerated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
.
1. In a lamp burner for producing incandescent light, the arrangement of two
perforated truncated cones or hoods (c and d), surrounding or enclosing the wick
Hame, said truncated cones or hoods being provided with an extension on the one
part and a contraction on the other (d and c³) substantially as described.
2. In a lamp burner for producing incandescent light, the cone (c), in com-
bination with a downwardly tapering cone (c) substantially as described.
3. In a lamp burner for producing incandescent light, the inner truncated cone
or hood (c) in combination with the rod (n), screwed-part (n³), and ring (p) with
the glass chimney (g) which with the cone (d), rests on a raising or lifting
mechanism in such manner, that by lifting these parts the cone (c) is raised in a
guide (n³) by means of the rod (n¹) all substantially as described.
'
Dated this 10th October 1897.