Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Dec., 1887
Complete Specification Left, 4th Aug., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 7th Sept., 1888
[Communicated from abroad by THE GAS MOTOREN FABRIK DEUTZ, of Deutz on
the Rhine, in the German Empire, Manufacturers.]
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL of No. 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane in
the County of Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to motor engines worked by combustible gas vapour or spray,
which operate with a cycle of four strokes, namely a suction, a compression, a working
and an expelling stroke, such as engines of the "Otto" type.
In such engines the slide that effects the ignition of the compressed charge, and the
valve that allows the products of combustion to escape after the working stroke, have
heretofore been worked by means of a counter shaft driven at half the speed of the
crank shaft, in order that they may only operate respectively at the end of every
alternate instroke and at the end of every alternate outstroke.
According to the present invention the said countershaft is entirely dispensed with
and the said igniting slide and the escape valve are worked directly from the crank
shaft by the following arrangements. The igniting slide is driven by an excentric on
the engine shaft, in such manner that it is brought thereby into the position for igniting
the charge in the cylinder when the piston has just completed its compressing stroke,
the ignition being effected in any known manner, such as by means of an externally
heated tube on the slide cover, which is made to communicate with the cylinder nort
by the slide, or by a body of burning gas contained in a cavity in the slide.
From this arrangement it follows that the slide will also be brought into the same
position by the excentric when the piston arrives at the end of its expelling instroke,
but as there is then no charge in the cylinder, it is quite immaterial whether the slide
is in this or any other position. The combustible charge is drawn into the cylinder by
the following suction stroke of the piston, the mixture of the gas, vapour, or spray
and the air being effected in entering through a mixing valve, which is arranged as
follows.
A valve seating is formed in one piece with a gland or cover through which the
valve stem passes, and which fits, as a bushing, in a cavity formed in the cylinder end.

page_text: :
This cavity has a coned shoulder or seating at its inner end, against which fits a
correspondingly coned surface on the bushing, the outer end of which has lugs through
which pass screw bolts for securing the bushing to the cylinder, so that by tightening
up the screws the bushing is pressed gas-tight against its scating in the cylinder
cavity.
The bushing has a central cavity closed by the valve, and communicating with the
outer air, and it also contains an annular passage that communicates with a gas supply
pipe, and that has small channels leading from it in a convergent direction to the
seating of the valve, where they have openings that are closed by the valve when this
is seated by a spring.
When the valve opens by the suction of the outstroke of the piston, air passes in
from the central cavity and meets the converging gas jets the two thus becoming
intimately mixed as they pass into the cylinder.
The gas supply valve is actuated by a pendulum lever mounted on the ignition
slide, and provided with a hit-and-miss arrangement such as is described in the
previous patents, whereby the lover fails to open the valve when the engine is running
beyond the normal speed; or the valve may be maintained open for ordinary
working, and the hit-and-miss lever be made to close it when the engine runs
too fast.
For working the escape valve for the products of combustion there is mounted on
the crank shaft a sleeve capable of sliding slightly to and fro thereon, but carried
round thereby On this sleeve there is a cam that actuates a lever connected by a
rod to a lever that works the valve. This cam is so formed and arranged as to hold
the escape valve open during the expelling instroke of the piston. But as the
cam would also act on the lever and valve in the same inänner at the compressing
instroke of the piston, and would thus allow the combustible charge to escape, this is
prevented by moving the sleeve with the cam laterally to such an extent during every
alternate revolution of the crank shaft that the cam revolves clear of the valve lever
during that time and consequently the valve remains closed. Such shifting to and
fro of the sleeve may be effected in various ways, but by preference it is effected by
forming on the sleeve a double groove passing twice round it, each groove being
made to return into the other at one point. On an arm of the engine framing is
carried a pivotted stud which enters the said groove on the sleeve, and which is so
formed with pointed ends that when the shunt-part of the groove arrives at the stud,
this passes from one groove into the other, and thus causes the sleeve to shift laterally
to a corresponding extent, and when the shunt part again comes round, it shifts back
again.
The cam is made of greater width than the roller of the lever that it actuates, and
the one part of its width is made with a shorter dwell than the part on which the
roller ordinarily runs, and the roller is so arranged that when the engine is first started
it can be shifted by hand upon its pin so as to run upon the part of the cam with the
longer dwell when the piston is performing its expelling stroke and to run upon the
part with the shorter dwell when the sleeve is shifted during the next revolution. By
this means the valve is opened during part of the compressing stroke and allows part
of the charge to escape, thus reducing the work of the engine during this stroke.
When the engine is in full action, the roller is again shifted by hand so that it is
not acted upon by the part of the cam with the shorter dwell, which then operates as
first above described.
The above described improvements are equally applicable to horizontal vertical or
inclined motor engines.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Motor Engines Worked by Combustible Gas, Vapour,
or Spray.
I CHARLES DENTON ABEL of No. 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex, consulting Engineer and Patent Agent do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to motor engines worked by combustible gas, vapour or spray,
which operate with a cycle of four strokes, namely a charging, a compression, a working
and an expelling stroke, such as engines of the "Otto type.
In such engines, the slide that effects the ignition of the compressed charge, and
the valve that allows the products of combustion to escape after the working stroke
have heretofore been worked by means of a counter shaft driven at half the speed of
the crank shaft, in order that they may only operate respectively at the end of every
alternative instroke and at the end of every alternative outstroke.
According to the present invention, the said counter shaft is entirely dispensed with
and the said igniting slide and escape valve are worked directly from the crank shaft,
the igniting slide being driven by an eccentric or cam on the crank shaft so as to make
a to and fro stroke at each revolution, while the escape valve is worked by a cam on
the crank shaft so arranged as to be automatically slid to one side thereon at every
other revolution and thus only to effect the opening of the escape valve once in every
two revolutions. The arrangements which are employed for this purpose and which
are applicable as well for horizontal as for vertical engines, are shewn on the accom-
panying drawings in which Figs. 1 to 9 shew the invention applied to a horizontal
engine, and Figs. 10 to 13 shew it applied to a vertical engine.
Fig. 1. shews a longitudinal section of the engine; Fig. 2 shews a side view.
Fig. 3 shows a sectional plan. Fig. 4 a sectional view of the shifting cain for the
escape valve, Fig. 5 a cross section through the cylinder and admission valve chamber.
Fig. 6 a plan of the igniting slide and section of the gas valve, Fig. 7 a side view of
the shifting cam and its lever, Fig. 8 shows a diagram of the action, and Fig. 9
enlarged details of the shifting cam.
A is the crank shaft 13 the piston and piston rod and C the cylinder. At the
suction stroke the piston draws a charge of mixed gas and air through the admission
valve, the air being drawn in through the pipe q while the gas enters through the gas
regulating valve d
The seat of the admission valve p is formed in one piece with the gland or cover
through which the valve-stem passes, and in which are formed two passages, the lower
one for the admission of the air, which enters thence through the central opening of
the valve seat, and the upper annular one, for the gas, which passes thence through
narrow converging channels to the seat of the valve, so that when this valve is open,
the gas impinges in a number of small converging jets upon the air passing in from
the central passage, and thus the two become effectually mixed.

page_text: The upper end of the bushing forming the valve seating and cover is coned to fit
accurately against a coned shoulder in the recess formed in the cylinder, against which
it is tightly pressed by the screws passing through the cover, thus making an air
tight joint between the two.
I do not claim the above described construction of admission valve apparatus as
part of the present invention.
The igniting slide carries the pendulum regulator e which, according to the speed
of the engine, either opens the gas valve or leaves it closed, in the well known
The gas valve might also be so arranged as to be always open for admitting
gas at the normal speed of the engine, while the pendulum regulator is so arranged as
to close the valve when the normal speed is exceeded.
manner.
The igniting valve effects the ignition of the cylinder charge and is worked by an
eccentric a on the crank shaft; the ignition may be effected either by an externally
heated tube as shewn at Figs. 3, 5 and 6 or an igniting slide or valve may be used
which carries an igniting flame in a cavity fed by the cylinder charge in the well known
manner.
From the above described arrangement it will be seen that the slide will stand at
the firing position at the end of each instroke of the piston at the one instroke it
will consequently fire the compressed charge in the usual way but at the second
instroke of the piston, the combustion gases will have just been expelled and there
will be no combustible charge in the cylinder; and consequently the fact that the
slide stands again at the firing position will have no effect on the engine.
The discharge valve i requires to be opened at the end of each working outstroke,
and to be kept open during the expelling instroke.
This is effected by means of the lever transmission f g h actuated by a cam non a
sleeve e on the crank shaft.
In order to prevent the valve from being opened during the compressing instroke of
the piston, the sleeve e with its cam a is, during such stroke, slid laterally upon the
shaft, so that the cam n in revolving misses the roller k of the lever f
For effecting this motion the sleeve has a double groove m m returning in itself.
formed upon it into which gears a stud / pivotted upon a bracket on the engine frame
as shewn. The grooves, m. m² are formed parallel with each other for about 4ths of
the circumference of the sleeve and are at a distance apart corresponding to the width
of the cam; they are led into each other at the other part of the circumference so as
to cross as shewn at Fig. 9.
The stud being pointed at both ends will on the rotation of the sleeve, first pass
from the groove m into m¹ and in so doing it will cause the sleeve e to be shifted upon
the shaft in one direction during one revolution and back again during the next one,
so that during the one revolution corresponding to the expelling instroke the sleeve
will be in the position for the cam to act upon the lever and open the discharge
valve, while during the next revolution corresponding to the compressing instroke the
cam will be shifted away from the lever. The lifting of the valve lever takes places
during that part of the revolution when the sleeve is not being shifted, this having
the advantage that the shifting is effected without there being any pressure on the
sleeve, and thus the wear of the sliding surfaces is prevented.
The cam n is provided with a second acting surface n' having a less dwell than tho
main one and the roller is arranged to be slid on its pin by means of a stud o so
that it may either be in the position shown at Fig. 9 for ordinary working when, on
the sleeve e being shifted to the left, both cam surfaces will be clear of the roller, but
if the roller & be shifted to the left on its pin then after being acted upon by the cam
surface n during one revolution, it will be acted upon by the surface n' during the
next revolution, so as to open the escape valve during the compressing stroke.
The roller is put in the last named position when the engine is being started in
order that by allowing some of the cylinder charge to escape during the compression
stroke, the work of starting may be rendered easier. When the engine is fully at
work, the roller k is shifted back to the position shewn so as to open the discharge
valve only during the expelling stroke.

page_text: Figs. 10, 11, 12 and 13 shew the invention applied to a vertical engine; the action
is just the same as above described, and the parts being indicated by the same letters
of reference, they need not be further referred to.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is.
1. In gas or oil motor engines working with a cycle of four strokes, driving the
igniting slide or valve directly from the engine shaft by means of an eccentric or cam,
thereby dispensing with the use of a counter shaft driven at half the speed of the
engine shaft substantially as herein described.
2. In gas or oil motor engines working with a cycle of four strokes, the use of a
cam n for working the discharge valve of the engine, which is situated upon a sleeve i
on the engine shaft arranged to slide longitudinally thereon and has a double
groove m m in which works a stationary pivotted stud 1, so that at one revolution the
stud works in the one groove and causes the cam to act upon the lever f of the
discharge valve so as to open this, while at the next revolution the stud passes into
the second groove and thereby shifts the sleeve so that the cam revolves without acting
upon the lever f substantially as herein described.
3. In gas or oil motor engines that operate with a cycle of four strokes, the com-
bination of an igniting slide or valve 6 worked directly from the engine shaft A by
an eccentric a and a discharge valve i worked directly from the engine shaft A by a
cain n on a sleeve e that is slid laterally thereon so as only to actuate the discharge
valve at every alternate revolution substantially as herein described.
Dated this 4th day of Angust 1888.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.