CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HAY RACKS AND OTHER AP- PARATUS OR APPARATUSES TO CONTAIN FODDER FOR HORSES AND OTHER CATTLE, AND ALSO IN THE METHOD OR METHODS OF FASTENING HORSES OR OTHER CATTLE TO PREVENT THEIR OVERCASTING
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Andrew Bruce, of Coleraine, in the
County of Londonderry, Gentleman, for the Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HAY RACKS AND OTHER AP-
PARATUS OR APPARATUSES TO CONTAIN FODDER FOR HORSES AND OTHER
CATTLE, AND ALSO IN THE METHOD OR METHODS OF FASTENING HORSES
OR OTHER CATTLE TO PREVENT THEIR OVERCASTING."
Sealed the 27th October 1853, and dated the 27th April 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Andrew
Bruce at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 27th April 1853.
I, JAMES ANDREW BRUCE, of Coleraine, in the County of London-
derry, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HAY RACKS AND
OTHER APPARATUS OR APPARATUSES TO CONTAIN FODDER FOR HORSES AND
OTHER CATTLE, AND ALSO IN THE METHOD OR METHODS OF FASTENING HORSES
OR OTHER CATTLE TO PREVENT THEIR OVERCASTING," to be as follows:-
Firstly. My apparatus for feeding horses and other cattle, and which

page_text: I term a hay rack, is formed of a series of bars affixed or attached at
top and bottom to a frame; at the top I affix a lid or surface, likewise
made of bars, and hinged or otherwise attached to the frame above
mentioned, for the purpose of supplying the rack with hay or other
substances. Within the rack I have a moveable bottom, working upon
one or more wheels up and down an iron way formed at the back of
the rack, having a shoulder to which is affixed a pulley and weight for
the purpose of allowing the moveable bottom to ascend and decend as
the bay is consumed or placed within the rack. I make the rack
wholly of iron, or partly so, or of any other material or materials, and
either wholly cast or partly cast and wrought, or in any other way I
find best adapted to the purpose; and I also make the rack of the con-
figuration I find most suitable for the place in which it is required. I
am also enabled, by my weight and pulley, to determine the quanty of
hay required to be placed within the rack.
Secondly. My next apparatus consists of a manger formed with two
chambers, having a space in the lower part of the partition (which
divides the chambers) for the purpose of allowing the corn or other
substance to gradually fall into the chamber from which the horse or
other cattle feed, and by which means the cattle are prevented from
blowing upon their corn, and likewise wasting thereof from spilling.
I do not confine myself to any particular form or materials of which
the same may be made.
Thirdly. My next improvement consists in the apparatus for fasten-
ing horses and other cattle, and which consists of a tube "formed of a
circular, semicircular, or of any other form I find best adapted for the
purpose," having at the top a plate, with a slot therein, of sufficient
size to allow of the working in and out of a strap of leather, cord, or
other suitable material, and to which strap I affix, at the end within
the tube, a weight of sufficient balance to prevent the horse or other
cattle overcasting or overlaying the strap or cord by which he is
secured, by preventing it becoming slack.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Andrew Bruce in the Great Seal Patent
Office, on the 27th October 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JAMES ANDREW BRUCE, of Coleraine, in the City of Londonderry, Gen-
tleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said James Andrew Bruce, Her special
license that I, the said James Andrew Bruce, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Andrew Bruce,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exer-
cise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CER-
TAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HAY RACKS AND OTHER
APPARATUS OR APPARATUSES TO CONTAIN FODDER FOR HORSES AND OTHER
CATTLE, AND ALSO IN THE METHOD OR METHODS OF FASTENING HORSES OR
OTHER CATTLE TO PREVENT THEIR OVERCASTING," upon condition (amongst
others) that I, the said James Andrew Bruce, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Andrew Bruce, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement (that is to say):
Firstly, in the construction and manufacuture of racks for the purpose

page_text: of containing hay, clover, and other vegetable substances for horses and
other animals or cattle; secondly, in the construction and formation
of mangers for holding or containing oats, beans, chaff, and other like
articles of food for horses and other animals or cattle; thirdly, in the
construction or formation of a sieve for the purpose of freeing and
extracting dust and other like matters from oats, beans, and other like
articles of food for horses and other animals or cattle; and fourthly, in
the construction and application of an apparatus or apparatuses for
preventing horses and other animals or cattle from overcasting, and
accidents of a similar nature, and which will more fully and at large
appear upon reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which
I will now proceed to describe as follows:-Figure 1, Sheet 1, repre-
sents an elevation of my improved hay rack, taken obliquely for the
purpose of more distinctly shewing the nature of my said invention.
Figure 2, is a side view; and Figure 3, is a top plan view thereof. The
same letters of reference denote similar corresponding parts. A, A, A,
and B, B, B, Figure 1, are the top and bottom rails or framework of
the rack, as shewn; and C, C, C, the front rails thereof. D, is a
hinged lid attached to the frame A, and which, when shut down, is
secured by the nut or screw 1, passing through the slot 2, in the frame-
work A. E, E, is a moveable bottom, acted upon by the weight a,
attached to a cord or strip of leather, or other suitable material, b, which
passes over the wheel c, and is again attached to a shoulder d, having
two wheels e, e, working or running upon a back bar ff; and the
moveable bottom E, E, being nutted or otherwise secured to the
shoulder d, is thus impelled upwards, so that, as the hay or other sub-
stance or substances is or are consumed or abstracted from the top or
sides of the rack, the moveable bottom E, E, rises to the top, and
which will more distinctly appear upon reference being made to
Figure 2, the numbers 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. Figures 1, and 2, represent
screw or nut holes, for the purpose of securing the rack in the position
required. Figures 4, and 5, represent a section and a plan view of my
improved manger, which I purpose forming wholly or partly of cast or
wrought iron, or other suitable material, with the inner parts thereof

page_text: enamelled. F, F, is a partition dividing the manger into two
chambers, into one of which, G, G, oats, beans, chaff, or other food
required, is placed, and which then partly falls through a slot or
opening H, H, formed in the partition F, F, into the other chamber
or receptacle I, I; thus presenting only a small portion of food at the
time to a horse or other animal or cattle, and thereby preventing the
remainder from being blown upon, tainted, or wasted. g, is a lid which
closes over the chamber G, G, for the purpose of securing the corn from
dust and other foreign matter.
proved sieve, which I form of a
I find best adapted for the purpose, having a perforated bottom K, K,
upon which oats, beans, or other food required to be sifted is placed,
and which, upon being shaken, is freed from dust and other matters
of a similar nature. The food is then passed through a network of iron
or other suitable material inserted in front of the sieve as shewn at
K, K, Figure 7, by which means the corn is freed from stones and
other substances of a similar nature, and is run into the manger
through the lip or opening j, j.
Figure 6, is an elevation of my im-
circular or of any other configuration
I will now proceed to describe my apparatus or apparatuses for secur-
ing and preventing horses and other animals and cattle from casting,
and accidents of a like nature. Figure 1, Sheet 2, is a front elevation
of my improved collar; Figure 2, a side view, and Figure 3, a plan
view thereof. L, L, is a band or ring of iron, or other suitable metal,
formed of an oval configuration, having an inner lining of leather h.
9, 10, 11, 12, 13, are straps, made of leather or other suitable material
or materials, with a buckle 14, and which said straps are affixed or
attached to the band or ring L, (in manner shewn,) for the purpose of
securing it to the head of the horse or other animal or cattle. M, M,
is a curvilinear rod of iron or other metal of the configuration repre-
sented, and attached or affixed to the band or ring L, and having two
or more rings i, i, thereon, working and passing freely round the
rod M, M. Figures 4, and 5, represent a section and elevation of
another part of my apparatus for securing horses and other animals
and cattle; N, N, is a tube of iron or other suitable material- (which

page_text: may be secured wholly or partially within the wall of a stable, or
nerely affixed against it); 0, 0, is a rope or thong of leather, or other
suitable material, passing through the aperture k, k, and having attached
at its lower extremity a weight 7, and at its upper extremity a strap and
buckle m, which can or may be fastened to the rings i, i, of the collar,
Figure 1.
Having thus described the accompanying drawings of my Invention,
I would remark that I do not confine myself to the exact configuration
of all the parts as therein set forth, nor to the dimensions or material or
materials of which the same may or can be composed or made, as I
may in some instances find it necessary or convenient to vary the same
as circumstances may require. But it will be clearly understood that
the objects of my said Invention are, firstly, that with reference to
the hay rack is to present a surface of hay or other suitable fodder at
the top of the rack, however small the quantity therein, and also to
prevent, as far as possible, the wasting of hay or other fodder; an affect
which has hitherto been unaccomplished: Secondly, the object and
utility of my improved manger is that,, by the corn falling gradually
and by small quantities into the chamber from which the horse or other
animal or cattle feeds, the remainder is protected from being blown
upon and tainted, and it likewise prevents animals and cattle from
spilling their corn or feed over the sides and front, and thereby causing
waste and spoliation: Thirdly, the freeing of oats, and other food of a
similar nature, from dust and other matters of a foreign nature by
an improved sieve, as above described: And, fourthly, that by my
improved tying apparatus or apparatuses, horses and other animals or
cattle are secured and prevented from overcasting and accidents of a
similar nature, which frequently happen, and thereby endanger the life
of such animals or cattle.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I now proceed to state that what
I claim is, firstly, the construction and formation of hayracks on the
improved principle, as above described: secondly, the construction
and formation of mangers for the purpose of effecting the objects con-

page_text: nected therewith, as above described: thirdly, the construction of an
improved sieve; and, fourthly, the construction of a tying apparatus or
tying apparatuses for the prevention of horses and other animals, and
cattle overcasting, and from accidents of a similar nature.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Andrew Bruce, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of October,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
three.
JAMES ANDREW BRUCE. (L.S.)
Witness, FITZHERBERT VITGATE.