An Improved Thread or Wire Winding Machine, applicable for Making Hosepipes, Belting, and other Articles.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 1st June, 1808
Complete Specification Left, 30th Mar., 1899 -Accepted, 27th May, 1899
An Improved Thread or Wire Winding Machine, applicable for
Making Hosepipes, Belting, and other Articles.
JOHN HUBBARD, of G, Pemberton Gardens, Upper Holloway, N., Pneumatic Tyre
Expert, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This machine is designed to produce, in an improved manner, hose pipe or
other flexible tubes; the inextensible layer or layers in pneumatic tyres; or
flat bands such as are used for the covers of detachable tyres, by a system of
spiral winding. The material principally employed with it to produce the inex-
tensible layer or layers in these articles is thread, or in some cases wire, which
is wound obliquely without interweaving, preferably in two layers, wound in
reverse directions, for ordinary purposes preferably at an angle of 45 degrees, so
that the strands in the two layers should cross each other at right angles. The
tubes or mandrels to which the threads are thus applied may be endless rings or
loops, & both layers, when wound on an endless ring as in a tyre, may consist of
a single thread, wound alternately, by simply reversing the gearing of the
machine, first one way & then the other: or any desired number of threads, up
to the number which will cover the space between the two sides of any thread
after completing a spiral revolution, may be wound on simultaneously in a band
or variously distributed, preferably in two three or four sections, laid down on
the tube at diametrically opposite points, or at points which form a triangle or
square. The bands also can be produced endless, with a selvage on both cdges,.
& may also consist of a single thread, or of a number of threads. Wound thread
in layers crossing obliquely being stronger & in every way better for tubes &
tyre covers than interwoven threads, & this machine being entirely automatic, .
while the usual processes of manufacturing these tubes or bands require much
hand labour; while also the process saves the material necessarily employed by
other processes in making joints, it is claimed to be better & cheaper than any
process hitherto adopted for similar purposes, the saving of cost being increased
by the considerable difference between the cost of unwoven thread & of woven
fabrics such as have hitherto been commonly used for the purposes for which, by
the use of this machine, thread can be used.
The machine consists of a series of rollers, preferably connected by a travelling
band, by which the tubes or bands which, as in the case of tyres, may, as has
been said, be endless rings or loops, of any desired shape or length, & which may
be either spirals of wire or steel strip, or skeletons of wire, or india rubber or
other tubes, which may be inflated with air, wholly or partly filled with sand,
or otherwise distended, are caused to travel or rotate, while a revolving annular
shuttle or cage, or two or more such shuttles, which can be opened to receive the
tubes & through which they are passed, carrying a reel or reels of thread, is or
are, by suitable gearing, also caused to rotate, in a plane at right angles to the
plane of rotation of the tubes or bands, & thus wind a thread, or several threads,
simultaneously, on the tubes or bands, the angle at which the thread or threads is

page_text: or are wound on being dependent on the relation between the speed of rotation
of the tubes or bands & of the shuttle or shuttles.
The thread may while being wound be passed through a bath of rubber solution
or similar substance, or may have been previously treated with it, & spray of
naptha or other solvent may then if desired be made to play on the reel or reels,
so as to assist the unwinding of the thread, & to make it stick the better when
wound, whereby when wound the different strands or layers may adhere together
without a weft or any interweaving, & a layer or layers, or strips of textile
material, preferably rendered adhesive with rubber solution, or some longitudinal
strands of thread or wire, may if desired be simultaneously or subsequently laid
within between or upon the layers of thread.
Flat bands are produced by winding a single layer of thread obliquely on a
mandrel, which may consist of a skeleton of wire so constructed that, when
covered, it may be readily collapsed or taken to pieces, & removed by slightly
parting the strands of thread, after which the two sides of the tube of thread thus
produced may be rolled together, wires or some thickening body being left in
its edges or inserted therein if desired. Before collapsing the mandrel a band
of thin textile material, cut from the piece at an angle of 45 degrees, of such.
breadth as to cover half the sectional circumference of the tube of thread, &
rendered adhesive on one side, preferably by being spread with rubber solution,
but clean or waterproof on the other side, may be stuck all round the inner
periphery of the tube of thread. This prevents the threads shifting when the
mandrel is collapsed or is being removed; prevents the tube or band stretching
while being handled; facilitates the rolling of its two sides together, as it prevents
different parts of the band sticking together in the process, & forms a desirable
lining for the tyre cover when finished.
Hose pipe of the usual lengths may be manufactured without waste at the ends,
by filling the inner rubber tube with sawdust, &, having joined the ends, &
preferably first wound a strip of canvas spirally round the tube, in the reverse
direction to that in which the thread, or the first layer thereof, is to be wound,
winding on the thread as already described, when the outer layer of rubber, in
the form of a spiral strip, may be wound on, & finally the usual spiral canvas
binding. Then the endless loops thus produced may be divided the ends plugged,
whereby the hose pipe would be produced at one process ready for the final process
of vulcanization.
Instead of the rotation of the tubes or bands, & of the shuttle or shuttles, being
produced by intergearing of the parts operating them, the motion of the one may
be derived directly from the other by means of a stiff spiral, say of steel wire,
coiled round the tube or band, at the angle at which it is desired to wind the
thread, & a guide or guides attached to the shuttle or shuttles, made to loosely
grip this spiral so as to travel along it. When the thread is to be wound at
an angle of 45°, or in a still more oblique direction, the rotation of the tube or
band will then, through the action of the spiral on the guide or guides, cause the
shuttle or shuttles to be rotated at the desired relative speed. If the thread
is to be wound in a less oblique direction the rotation of the shuttle or shuttles,
which must of course be uniform, would similarly cause the ring or loop to
travel or rotate at the desired relative speed. When the motion of one part is
thus derived from the other, the action may be assisted by providing independent
means for giving motion to the driven part, the action of the spiral then serving
simply to synchronize the motion of the two parts. The position of the spiral
may be shifted, so as to facilitate the winding of the part of the tube where it
was at first placed, & it would of course be removed when the winding was
c>mpleted.
Guides or gearing are provided to lay the strands of thread down evenly side
by side or at equal distances apart.
As a modification of this arrangement unjoined tubes or mandrels, of any length,
may be continuously & rapidly wound with thread in a more or less oblique

page_text: spiral, by passing the tubes through a rotating shuttle, or two or more rotating
shuttles, which, or each of them, carries or carry a reel, or several reels, of thread,
preferably enough to wind simultaneously as many threads as will cover the space
between the two sides of any thread after completing a spiral revolution, or
straight tubes or mandrels may also be thus rapidly wound, by simultaneously
rotating them on their axes & causing them to travel endways, & winding a similar
number of threads from stationary reels on to them. By the former of these two
modified arrangements any number of threads or bands may be simultaneously
wound on in the same or opposite directions; by the latter the threads or bands
can only be wound on one way at a time. If by the former method the shuttles
are moved to carry a sufficient number of reels, & if the reels contain a sufficient
amount of thread, say as much as is usually contained by the reels of looms, hose
pipe, in lengths as long as pieces of woven fabric are usually made, may be thus
continuously & automatically produced, if the interior rubber tube be furnished
in corresponding lengths, as by the screwing process, or by joining pieces of
ordinary length together, in this case the shuttles or carriers should be placed
in a flat rather than in a perpendicular position, & the tube should be passed
through them from below upwards, when a small quantity of sand, shot, cr
similar material, put into the tube at the start would flow through it as it passed
through the machine, & keep it always distended at the point where it was being
wound, the distending force being regulated as may be desired according to the
height of the column of sand or shot; & the tube may be supported against the
distending force of the column, up to the point where it is wound, by being passed
through a tube of suitable size, its passage through which being when desirable
assisted by a travelling band, or two or more travelling strips, which may practi-
cally surround it. The exterior rubber layer & the binding, if it is desired to
bind it, might conveniently be wound on in strips spirally at the same time, from
reels carried by a revolving shuttle. The hose might then be cut into the usual
lengths, some of the chemical employed to produce distension put in, & the ends
plugged & tied, when it would be ready at once for the final process of vulcaniza-
tion. The longitudinal elasticity of hose made with spirally wound thread may
be avoided, by the insertion in it of some longitudinal strands of thread or wire, or
strips of tape or textile fabric; or in the case of hose of three or more ply, by
making the first ply of textile fabric in the usual way, or by winding the first
layer on spirally in the form of a strip simultaneously with the other winding.
If this strip is wound, as may be done with very slight tension, &, as before
described, in the reverse direction to that in which the thread, or the first layer
thereof, is wound, it has a useful effect in preventing torsion of the interior tube
by the tension of the thread in winding.
It is desirable in winding tubular tyres to do so with as low an air pressure in
the interior tubes as will suffice to properly distend them, to avoid further dis-
tension afterwards should the threads stretch in use, &, to combine with such a
low air pressure the necessary circumferential stiffness in the tubes & resistance
to torsion, it is advantageous to have a band of steel, or other stiff material,
placed round the base, preferably in a sheath, & in some cases another band round
the tread, &, when the tyres are complete, the band or bands may be removed,
or that in the base retained as a means of securing the tyre on the rim.
The usual valve of a pneumatic tyre cannot conveniently be attached to the
tube till after the winding has been done, & it is therefore desirable to provide, for
the temporary inflation of the inner tube while being wound, some form of valve
which projects inwards & is flush outwards, which may be readily removed when
the usual valve is substituted for it.
The tubes or bands thus produced, if not completed at one process, may of
course afterwards be covered with rubber in the usual way, so as to produce com-
plete hose pipe tubular tyres or tyre covers, or may be treated in any other way,
that may be desired.

page_text: The thread employed in the machine may be of cotton linen jute ramie asbestos
or other material as may be found most desirable for different purposes.
Dated the First day of June 1808
An Improved Thread or Wire Winding Machine, applicable for
Making Hosepipes, Belting, and other Articles.
JOHN HUBBARD, 6, Pemberton Gardens, Upper Holloway, N., Tyre Expert,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
This machine is designed to produce, in an improved manner, by a system of
spiral winding hose pipe or other flexible tubes, the inextensible layer or layers
in tubular pneumatic tyres, or fabric bands such as are commonly used in making
open covered tyres of bicycles and the like.
The material employed with it to produce the inextensible layer or layers in.
these articles is thread or cord of cotton, linen, jute, ramic, asbestos or other
material as may be found most desirable for different purposes, or in some cases.
vire. The thread or wire is wound obliquely on a tube or mandril, without inter-
weaving, preferably in two layers wound in reverse directions, the angle at which
the thread is wound on being for ordinary purposes preferably 45 degrees for
wired or clincher tyres or tyres of that type and 60 degrees for tyres which are
desired to have a self gripping action. The angle mentioned is in both cases the
angle at which the thread lies across the centre line of the mandril so that the
strands in the two layers cross cach other at right angles, or nearly at right
angles.
The tubes or mandrils to which the thread is thus applied may be endless
rings or loops, and both layers when wound on an endless ring as in a tyre, may
consist of a single thread wound alternately, by simply reversing the action of
the winder first one way, till one layer is completed, and then the other.
Any desired number of threads, up to the number which will cover the space
between the two sides of any thread completing a spiral revolution circumferen-
tially round the mandril, may be wound on simultaneously, either together in
a single band, or separately, or in two or more bands. Separate threads or bands
are preferably laid down at points uniformly distributed, as seen in cross section
of the mandril so as to be diametrically opposite each other, or so as to form a
triangle.
The fabric bands are produced endless, with a selvedge on both edges, and may
also consist of a single thread, or of a number of threads.
Layers of isolated parallel threads, the threads in one layer crossing those in
the other as described, are stronger, and in every way better for tubes and tyre
covers, than interwoven threads: this machine is entirely automatic, whereas
the usual processes of manufacturing these tubes or bands require much hand
labour while this process also saves the material necessarily employed by other
processes in making joints, it is claimed to be better and cheaper than any
process hitherto adopted for similar purposes.
The machine consists of a series of rollers, mounted on a suitable base plate,
and connected by a continuous travelling band, which is driven by one of the
rollers, the others being free. This travelling band passes round outside the
rollers, and then embraces the tube or mandril on which the thread is to be

page_text: wound, preferably round about three quarters of the circumference of the mandril,
which is placed within the circle of the rollers. The tube or mandril is thus
caused to travel or rotate, while a revolving annular winder, or two or more such
winders, carrying a reel or reels of thread, is or are by suitable gearing also
caused to rotate, in a plane, or in planes, at right angles to the plane of rotation
of the tube or mandril, and thus to wind a thread, or several threads simul-
taneously as has been described, on the tube or mandril. The angle at which the
thread is wound on is dependent on the relation between the speed of rotation
of the tube or mandril and of the winder or winders which of course when there
is more than one revolve in unison. The angle is regulated approximately,
as may be desired, by varying the gearing of the parts, and is then adjusted
accurately, by minutely expanding or contracting the driving roller, which is so
constructed that this may be easily done. This adjustment has to be made so
that, after a revolution of the tube or mandril, or any desired number of revolu-
tions, the thread will be laid down exactly alongside that previously wound on,
and, when this adjustment has been effected for any particular size of tube or
mandril, the machine can be used continuously for any number of tubes or mandrils
of exactly the same size without further adjustment.
In winding a single thread on an inflated tube it is desirable to so adjust the
machine that, when the thread has made one spiral revolution circumferentially
round the tube, the next round of thread should be laid on, not exactly along-
side the first round, but from to an inch from it, and that the thread should
continue to be thus laid on till the tube is covered with threads equally distributed
at about that distance apart, and that then the thread should commence to be laid
on exactly alongside the first round, and so continue till the spaces between the
threads are filled up and the tube is thus covered with thread in a close even
layer.
Should the driving roller, as when a very long travelling band is required,
or when the band has to be run at a low tension, be liable to slip the band, a free
running roller is provided suitably mounted to press the band upon the driving
roller and insure an unfailing grip.
The tubes or mandrils may be of any desired shape or length, and may be
constructed of spirals of wire or steel strip, or other suitable material; or may be
skeletons of wire, or indiarubber or other tubes, which may be inflated with air,
wholly or partly filled with sawdust or sand or otherwise distended. The winder
or winders are so made that they can be opened to receive the tubes or mandrils
which pass through them and are so mounted in the machine that they may be
readily removed and replaced.
The thread while being wound may be passed through a bath of rubber solution
or similar substance, or may have been previously treated with it, and spray of
naptha or other solvent, may then if desired be made to play on the reel or
reels, so as to assist the unwinding of the thread, and to make stick the better
when wound, whereby the different strands or layers may then adhere together
without a weft or any interweaving. A layer or layers or strips of textile material,
preferably rendered adhesive with rubber solution, or some longitudinal strands
of thread or wire, mav, if desired, be simultaneously or subsequently laid within
between or upon the layers of thread.
Fabric bands are produced by thus winding a single layer of thread on a mandril
which may consist of a skeleton of wire, so constructed that, when covered, it can
be readily collapsed or taken to pieces and removed by slightly parting the strands
of thread, after which the two sides of the tube of thread thus produced are rolled
together, wires or some thickening body being left in its edges or inserted therein
if desired. Before collapsing the mandril a band of thin textile material, cut
from the piece at an angle of 45° of such breadth as to cover half the sectional
circumference of the tube of thread, and rendered adhesive on one side, pre-
ferably by being spread with rubber solution, but clean or water proof on the
other side, may be stuck all round the inner periphery of the tube of thread.

page_text: This prevents the threads shifting when the mandril is collapsed or is being
removed, prevents the tube or band stretching while being handled, facilitates the
rolling of its two sides together, as it prevents different parts of the band sticking
together in the process, and forms a desirable lining for the tyre cover when
finished.
Hose pipe of the usual lengths may be likewise manufactured by an automatic
process, and without waste at the ends, by filling the inner rubber tube with
sawdust, and, having joined the ends, and preferably first wound a strip of pre-
pared canvas spirally round the tube, in the reverse direction to that in which
the first layer of the thread is to be wound, winding on the thread as already
described, when the outer layer of rubber, in the form of a strip, may be also
wound on spirally, and finally the usual spiral canvas binding; these various layers
being wound on in the machine either simultaneously or successively. Then the
endles loops thus produced may be divided and their ends plugged, whereby the
hose pipe may be produced at one process ready for vulcanization.
In thus winding long loops such as hose pipe, particularly when they are of
small size in section, a free running wheel, preferably grooved or flanged, is
provided within the loop to support the side or end of it opposite to that passing
through the winder or winders. Also free running guiding or supporting rollers
may be provided within the loop, or without it where it is not in contact with the
travelling band, to support and guide the loop through the winder or winders.
Instead of the rotation of the tubes or mandrils and of the winder or winders,
being produced by intergearing of the parts operating them, the motion of the one
may be derived directly from the other, by means of a stiff continuous spiral,
say of steel wire, coiled round the tube or mandril, at the angle at which it is
desired to wind the thread, and a guide or guides attached to the winder or
winders, made to loosely grip this spiral so as to travel along it. When the
thread is to be wound at an angle of 45° or in a still more oblique direction,
the rotation of the tube or mandril will then, through the action of the spiral
on the guide or guides, cause the winder or winders to be rotated at the desired
relative speed. If the thread is to be wound in a less oblique direction the
rotation of the winder or winders, which must of course be uniform, would
similarly cause the tube or mandril to travel or rotate at the desired relative speed.
When the motion of one part is thus derived from the other, the action may be
assisted, by providing independent means for giving gentle motion to the driven
part, preferably by frictional contact, the action of the spiral then serving simply
to synchronize the motion of the two parts. The position of the spiral may be
shifted so as to facilitate the winding of the part of the tube where it was at
first placed, and it would of course be removed when the winding was completed.
Suitable guides or fingers are provided to lay the strands or threads down
evenly side by side or at equal distances apart.
It is desirable in winding tubular tyres, on an inflated interior skin, to do so
with as low an air pressure in the interior tubes as will suffice to properly distend
them, to avoid undue stretching of the skin by further distension afterwards
should the wound threads stretch in use, and, to combine with such a low air
pressure the necessary circumferential stiffness in the tubes, and resistance to
torsion, it is advantageous to have a band of steel, or other stiff material, placed
round the inner periphery preferably in a sheath, and in some cases another band
round the outer periphery, and, when the tyres are complete the band or hands
may be removed, or that in the inner periphery retained as a means of securing
the tyre on rim.
The usual valve of a pneumatic tyre cannot conveniently be attached to a tube
while the winding is being done, and it is therefore desirable to provide for the
temporary inflation of tubes while being wound, some form of valve which projects
inwards and is flush outwards, which may afterwards be readily removed when
the usual valve is substituted for it.
The tubes or bands thus produced, if not completed at one process, may of course

page_text: afterwards be covered with rubber in the usual way, so as to produce complete
hose pipe, tubular tyres, or tyre covers, or may be treated in any other way that
may be desired.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this
specification, in which similar letters of reference indieate corresponding parts
in all the figures.
Fig. 1 is a plan of the improved winding machine; Fig. 2 is an elevation of
the same, Fig. 3 is a cross section through the winder on line 1, 1, Fig. 2
looking in the direction of the driving gear; and. Fig. 4 is a section, on line 2, 2,
of the plan shown on Fig. 5 of the expanding and contracting driving roller.
The winding machine is provided with a suitably constructed main frame or
base plate A, which is supported by a standard B, and it is operated by the fast
pulley c, c being a loose pulley on to which the driving band may be shifted
when it is desired to put the machine out of action. Motion is communicated,
through the shaft 3, first to the expanding and contracting roller D, through
the worm D and the worm wheel 12, and secondly to the winder by means of
the spurgearing E, E¹, E.
Between the worm 1 and gear wheels E, E and E³, I place a train of bevel
gear wheels. This mechanism acts in the following manner. The bevel pinions &
and 5, run loosely upon the shaft, and between them I place a clutch 6, engaging
with a feather upon the shaft, and having projections at each end which engage
with recesses in either of the bevel pinions. The position of the clutch can be
changed by means of a lever c. Below the bevel pinions I place a crown
wheel, with which the bevel pinions e, co mesh. The crown wheel c conveys
motion through its shaft to another similar wheel 8, which in turn meshes with
the bevel wheel e, and by means of the shaft, co, communicates motion to the
gear wheels, E, E and E². A reversal of the direction of rotation is produced by
operating the lever c³, so as to cause the clutch c to engage with either the bevel
pinion or 5. The roller D operates the endless band F, which embraces the
mandril G for about three quarters of its circumference, and with the mandril is
kept in its proper position by means of the flanged rollers F1, F2 F3 Suitable
tension devices are provided at F and for adjusting the tension of the band.
The winder H, operated by means of the spur gearing E, E, E2, (see enlarged
section Fig. 3) is formed in two parts which are kept closed together by means
of pins engaging between the parts, and of the hook and pin h, and the spring
on the opposite side of the winder to the hook. The winder is connected to the
spur gear ring E2, and it consists of annular side plates which are connected
together by means of pillars ³. One of these pillars acts as a bearing spindle
for the thread reel or bobbin 4, which is provided with any suitable tension
device (not shown).
The thread on leaving the reel first passes over a cross_pin h³, and then through
a finger, secured to one side plate of the winder. If more than one bobbin
be used the several threads, may, as has been explained, be laid on either together
in a band, at a point in the transverse circumference of the mandril, or separately
at points uniformly distributed round its transverse circumference. The winder
is supported by friction wheels, 7, the two lower pairs running on pins secured
to the frame, but the pin of the upper pair is supported by cranked arms ³,
which are journalled in supports cast on the frame. The cranked arms s keep
the upper pair of friction wheels in contact with the upper portion of the
winder H, by means of the spring 19. The object of this being to allow of the
winder being readily removed and replaced for the purpose of introducing the
mandril G.
The expanding and contracting driving roller D, see Figs. 4 and 5 is of the
following construction. Conical discs d, d', are surrounded by an elastic band d³.
Attached to the worm wheel shaft is a disc d', in which revolve three right and
eft handed screws d, which engage respectively with the discs d, d¹. At the
pper end of each of the screws, gear wheels are secured; these mesh with a

page_text: central wheel d, which can be operated by means of a handle d³. By turning the
handle 3 in one direction or the other the conical discs are caused to move either
nearer to or farther from each other, and in this manner the elastic band d
will be either expanded or reduced in diameter, whereby a very minute change
can be effected in the speed of the band.
The operation of the winding machine is as follows. The endless mandril G is
placed in position, as shown in plan Fig. 1, and the tension on the endless band I'
is adjusted by means of the devices shown at 1 and F. The thread on the wheel
is passed through the guiding finger and its end attached to the mandril. The
machine is now started and, by means of the adjustable roller D the driving band
is caused to travel, whereby the mandril is revolved at the proper speed, while
at the same time the winder H is rotated by the intermediate gearing, and the
thread from the bobbin is laid on in a spiral direction as indicated by the line g.
When the necessary number of revolutions of the mandril have been made for
it to be completely covered by the thread, a second layer of thread is wound
on in the reverse direction to the first layer, until the mandril is again quite
covered as shown by the small portion in Fig. 1 at 7. The machine is now
stopped and the winder with the wound tube and mandril, removed and opened,
thus releasing the mandril with the tube formed upon it. If desired the mandril
can be removed after any layer has been wound on for the purpose of coating that
layer with solution or otherwise treating it.
A fresh mandril is now inserted in the winder, they are together placed in
position, and the operation as above described repeated. When it is desired to
alter the angle at which the threads are laid on suitable change wheels are
introduced to vary the relative speed of the parts. The relative speed of rotation
of the mandril and the winder is accurately adjusted, so as to cause the threads
to be laid in sequence by minutely expanding or contracting the driving roller D
in the manner before explained.
I do not restrict myself to the particular details of the machine described, as
equivalent mechanical devices may be used to effect the same purpose and they
may be varied in various ways as circumstances may require or suggest. To
enable one machine to take various sizes of mandrils, means may be provided for
varying the positions of the rollers F & F, & for correspondingly lengthening
or shortening the revolving band, and two or more winders, preferably placed side
by side, may be used which may be revolved in the same direction or in reverse
directions; but
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
-
1. A winding machine for winding a layer of thread or wire in a spiral direction
on endless rings or loops substantially as described.
2. A winding machine for winding a layer of thread or wire in a spiral direction
on endless rings or loops the machine being so arranged that the angle at
which the thread is laid may be varied substantially as described.
3. A winding machine for winding a layer of thread or wire in a spiral
direction on endless rings or loops the machine being so arranged that two or
more threads may be laid on simultaneously and the angle at which each of the
threads is laid may be simultaneously varied substantially as described.
4. A winding machine for winding two or more layers of thread or wire in
a spiral direction on endless rings or loops the machine being so arranged that
the angle at which the threads are laid may be varied and the direction of
rotation of the carrier may be reversed for alternate layers of thread substantially
as described.
5. In winding machines of the kind hereinbefore described the use for the
purpose of revolving the mandril of a revolving belt passing around a large pro-
portion of the circumference of the mandril substantially as described,

page_text: 6. The use in combination with a winding machine such as described of a
collapsible mandril which may readily be removed from within the tube or band
of spirally wound thread which has been produced upon them by the winding
machine substantially as and for the purpose described.
7. A winding machine constructed substantially as described and illustrated
in the accompanying drawings.
Datad this the Thintieth dor of March 1800