Improvements in the Oxidation and Thickening of Oils for use in the Manufacture of Paints, Varnishes, Linoleum, Floorcloth, or for other purposes to which Thickened or Oxidized Oils are applicable.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Nov., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 2nd Aug., 1890-Accepted, 6th Sept., 1890
PRUVIDIONAL DIMITIVATION
Improvements in the Oxidation and Thickening of Oils for use in
the Manufacture of Paints, Varnishes, Linoleum, Floorcloth, or
for other purposes to which Thickened or Oxidized Oils are
applicable.
We LEONARD TEMPLE THORNE of No. 69 Horseferry Road in the County of
Middlesex Chemist and BRINS OXYGEN COMPANY LIMITED of Connaught Mansions in
the City of Westminster do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
1
This invention relates to improvements in the means employed for oxidizing oils
for which Letters Patent were granted to Messrs. A. and L. Q. Brin bearing date as
of the 5th day of October 1886 No. 12652 and has for its object to obtain oxidized
and thickened oils in a more rapid and efficient manner than heretofore.
According to this invention the oil to be oxidized is placed in a suitable vessel in
which it is subjected to oxygen gas the oil while under treatment being subjected to a
temperature of say for example from about 120° Fahrenheit to say about 212° Fahren-
heit but other temperatures may be employed. The oil while being treated with
the oxygen gas is subjected to a mechanical agitation or other disintegrating process
whereby it is subdivided into an exceedingly fine state of division whereby the oxygen
is thoroughly incorporated with the oil. The means for agitating or disintegrating
the oil may consist for example of a frame carrying wire brushes or the like fitted to
rotate in the vessel containing the oil the frame of brushes being driven at a very
high speed but any other suitable agitating or disintegrating apparatus may be
employed.
nin 21st dux of November 1880
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Oxidation and Thickening of Oils for use in
the Manufacture of Paints, Varnishes, Linoleum, Floorcloth, or
for other purposes to which Thickened or Oxidized Oils are
applicable.
We, LEONARD TEMPLE THORNE of No. 69 Horseferry Road in the County of
Middlesex, Chemist and BRINS OXYGEN COMPANY LIMITED of Connaught Mansions in
the City of Westininster, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in the means employed for oxidizing oils for
which Letters Patent were granted to Messrs. A. and L. Q. Brin bearing date as of
the 5th day of October 1886 No. 12652 and has for its object to obtain oxidized and
thickened oils in a more rapid and efficient manner than heretofore.
According to this invention the oil to be oxidized is placed in a suitable vessel in
which it is subjected to oxygen gas, the oil while under treatment being subjected to
a temperature of say for example, from about 120° Fahrenheit to say about 212° Fahren-
heit, but other temperatures may be employed; for instance it may be as high
as 240° Fahrenheit or with certain oils, such as olive oils it may be at atmospheric
temperature. The oil while being treated with the oxygen gas is subjected to a
disintegrating or atomizing process of such a nature that it is subdivided into an

page_text: exceedingly fine state of division whereby an exceedingly large-surface of the oil is
presented to the action of the oxygen. The means for disintegrating or atomizing the
oil, may be of any suitable description. A suitable apparatus for the purpose is shewn
in the accompanying drawing, but the invention is not limited to the use of this
apparatus. The two figures of the drawings are longitudinal and transverse
sections.
A is a vessel for containing the oil which is introduced at the inlet a, which is then
closed by the cover a².. A2 is a jacket surrounding the vessel A. and provided with
an inlet for steam at band with an outlet for steam or for water of condensation at c.
B is the inlet for oxygen gas, and d is the outlet for the gases, which outlet may be
controlled by a valve or cock, so as to maintain a pressure in the vessel A, say a little
above atmospheric pressure. E is the outlet for the oil after oxidation is completed.
fis a thermometer for indicating the temperature of the oil. G is a shaft rotated at a
high velocity by any suitable means and carrying rods g passed transversely through
holes in the said shaft. This "brush" as it is rotated disintegrates or atomizes the
oil and so presents a large surface thereof to the action of the oxygen.
The oxygen employed is preferably such as is produced by what is known as the
Brin process, as it is desirable that pure or nearly pure oxygen be used.
The inlet B for the oxygen gas we prefer to be placed above the level of the oil
-in the vessel A. The air originally present in the vessel, the small percentage of
nitrogen usually present in the oxygen employed, and any desirable proportion of the
oxygen used escape by the outlet d. After the oil is introduced the steam is turned
into the jacket A2 and when the temperature of the oil has nearly reached say
212° Fahrenheit the brush G is set in rapid rotation and the current of oxygen turned
on. The oxygen current is so regulated that a small quantity is continually issuing
from the outlet d the cock thereat being so adjusted that a pressure equal to a few
inches of water is constantly maintained in the vessel. The escaping gas (say about
ten per cent. of the total oxygen employed) prevents an accumulation of nitrogen in
the vessel and also carries off the moisture acrolein and the like produced during the
reaction. If this escaping gas be passed through a suitable cooling vessel most of the.
water, acrolein and other products are condensed and the nuisance from the emission
of evil smelling vapours into the air usually accompanying the boiling of oil is reduced
to a minimum. The oil being broken up by the agitation into a very fine state of
subdivision offers a very large surface to the action of the oxygen and oxydation is
effected without the need of the addition of driers. When no. driers are used the
process usually occupies from 2 to 7 hours according to the degree of oxydation
required and the character of the oil under treatment. If the presence of a very
small proportion of driers is not considered detrimental its use shortens the time taken
by the oxidation. Crude linseed oil gives about equally as good results as refined oil
in this process and where the oil is at all dark in colour the process is accompanied by
bleaching, so that the ultimate product may be of a pale amber colour. Any state of
oxidation from the slightest up to thickening to a consistency of indiarubber may be
effected by this process. The consumption of oxygen per ton of oil usually varies
from about 2000 cubic feet for oxidation to a degree suitable for varnish and the like
up to about 3,500 to 4000 cubic feet where thickening to the consistency of india-
rubber is desired.
In this process as steam heat only is employed the danger of ignition is reduced to
a minimum.
We also obtain an increase in weight of from 3 to 10 per cent. as com-
pared with a loss of weight of from 3 to 5 per cent. by most of the methods hitherto
We also save time as an operation only takes from 2 to 7 hours as compared
with the much longer time required under processes hitherto used.
in use.
Owing to no driers being needed a varnish can be obtained free from lead manganese
and the like and therefore not so liable to discolour on exposure to impure air. More-
over by the use of oxidized oils prepared as described the brightness of light coloured
paints is not dulled, and in the manufacture of linoleum less ochre or other substance
is required to neutralise the colour of the oil.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1st. The manufacture and production of oxidized or thickened oils by subjecting
oils to the action of oxygen whilst the said oils are disintegrated atomized or broken
up into a fine state of division substantially as herein before described.
2nd. The manufacture and production of oxidized or thickened oils by subjecting
oils to the action of oxygen whilst the said oils are maintained at an elevated tempera-
ture and whilst they are in a disintegrated, atomized or finely divided state
substantially as hereinbefore described.
3rd. The manufacture and production of oxidized and thickened oils by placing oils
in a steam jacketted vessel provided with an atomizer, disintegrator or "brush"
capable of being driven at a high velocity and means for maintaining a pressure of
oxygen gas therein and acting upon the said oils by the atomizer or the like, and by
heat and oxygen gas substantially as hereinbetore described.
Dated this 2nd day of August 1890
LEONARD TEMPLE THORNE.
BRINS OXYGEN COMPANY, LD.
T. N. Hester,
Secretary.
LEONARD TEMPLE THORNE.
BRINS OXYGEN COMPANY, LD.
T. N. Hester,
Secretary.