IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING WOOLLEN AND OTHER FABRICS, AND FOR TWISTING, SPOOLING, AND WARPING WOOLLENS; ALSO FOR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOOLLEN DOE SKINS
Year: 1841

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
ENGLAND, of Westbury, in the County of Wilts, Clothier, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Second day of March, in the fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
George England, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said George England, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said George England, my exors, admors, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING WOOLLEN AND
OTHER FABRICS, AND FOR TWISTING, SPOOLING, AND WARPING WOOLLENS; ALSO FOR
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOOLLEN DOE SKINS;" in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said George England, shall
cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the
same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the snid
George England, do hereby declare that the nature of my Invention, and

page_text: the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to-
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say:
My Invention relates,-
First, to a mode of constructing and applying apparatus to looms for
weaving, to facilitate the change of pattern.
Secondly, to a mode of preparing Jacquard cards.
Thirdly, to a mode of giving off the warp from the warp beam in weaving.
Fourthly, to a mode of twisting, spooling, and warping woollens, in order to
obtain the warp more uniform.
And, fifthly, to a mode of weaving woollen doe skins, in order to obtain a
better and more even face, and uniformity of elasticity.
And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me in
carrying out my Invention, by describing the Drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents a perspective sketch of so much of a loom as will
enable me to describe the first part of my Invention; and Figure 2 shews the
parts for working one of the heddles, by which the details will be more readily
and accurately traced, Figure 1 being principally serviceable in pointing out
the position of the mechanism applied to a loom, in order to working varied
patterns of fabrics, and to change the patterns with facility. a, a, are a series
of sliding bars moving vertically in the frame 6 affixed to the end framing of
the loom, these bars a being guided in openings or slits in the upper and lower
part of the frame b. Each of these bars a have two recesses or stops a', a³,
as is clearly shewn in Figure 2, and the bars a, a, are all similar one to another
excepting as to the position of the stops a', a', such stops being distant from
each other according as the particular bar a is nearer to or further from the
fulcrum or axis c, on which the levers d and e move. By this arrangement,
when the shed of the warp is closed the ends of all the bars a will range
together, neither being higher or lower than the other; but when the shed is
open the upper and lower ends of the bars a will range in an angular Ïine,
similar to the desired shed or opening in the warp. And it will be understood.
on examining Figure 2 that the cord or string f, by which each bar a is con-
connected to its jack g above, owing to the jack standing off beyond the bar.
and thus causing the cord or string f to incline, the tendency of the bars a will
at all times be towards the lever d, and the bars a will at all times rest on and

page_text: On
be worked by the lever d when they are not selected by the pattern surface, as
hereafter explained; but when any of them are selected by the pattern surface
they will be forced out of the way of the lever d and into the way of the
lever e, and consequently be worked thereby; and it is important to remark
that the recesses a', a', are so arranged, and the levers d and e in respect to
them, that the recesses a¹ or a can only be at work at one time, and when
selected and sustained by the levers d, e, the bars cannot get out of the way
of the levers d, e, but such levers in their upward and downward action safely
work the bars a, a, to produce the shed in the warp; and it will be seen that
the heddles or harness are worked by means of the bars a, through the inter-
vention of the jacks and counter jacks, being attached to either end of the
bars a by cords or strings, as is shewn. Motion is communicated to the two
levers d and e by means of a double crank, formed or affixed on the crank or
driving shaft of the loom, and on the crank pins g' and h are applied connecting
rods or links i, i, of the levers d, e. Hence the rotation of the crank shaft of
the loom causes the levers d, e, to rise and fall, and by means of the recesses
a', as, on the bars a, a, the shed of the warp will be opened and closed.
the crank pin g' is affixed a short arm j, to which a curved wiper k is affixed
which takes into and drives one tooth of the wheel each revolution of the
crank shaft, such wheel being affixed on the axis m of the pattern barrel n,
on which are affixed projecting studs, as is well understood, opposite those
bars a, a, which it is desired to have selected; consequently the turning of the
barrel n will bring up a fresh row of studs or projections, and select the bars a, a,
at the time the shed of the warp is closed, and the continued movement of the
crank axis will cause the levers d and e to work the bars a, a, to open the
shed; and by varying the arrangement of studs or projections on the barrel n
the pattern may be quickly changed, and owing to the placing this apparatus
at the side of the loom, within reach of the workman, it can be more readily
got at, and any derangement rectified or the pattern changed. Or in place of
using a barrel n with projections, a Jacquard cylinder may be substituted, and
perforated cards used, as is well understood, applying a suitable apparatus to
each of the bars a to be worked by the perforated cards, all which will readily
be applied by mechanics acquainted with Jacquard machinery; this part of the
Invention not depending on the pattern surface employed, but consists in the
mode of constructing and combining the bars a, a, and levers d, e.
I will now describe the second part of my Invention, which relates to the
constructing of Jacquard cards. This part of my Invention relates to cementing,
by paste, glue, or other suitable material, calico, linen, or other similar woven
fabric to one or boths surfaces of the cards, which are afterwards to be per-

page_text: forated. By this arrangement the cards will become more lasting. And
further, in place of linking the cards one to another by strings, I cause the
succeeding cards to be joined together by means of cementing thereto calico,
linen, or other similar woven fabric, thus forming a hinge of woven fabric
between each succeeding cards; and I prefer that the hinges so formed should
be produced by one continuous portion of calico or other similar fabric, which,
covering onc surface of each card, also forms the hinges between the suc-
ceeding cards.
I will now proceed to describe the third part of my Invention, which relates
to a mode of giving off warp from the warp beams of looms. Figure 3 shews
the section of a warp beam and giving-off beam according to this part of my
Invention, and also the take-up rollers, which, however, I prefer should not
wind the cloth on to a roller but drop it into a suitable receiver below. In
place of the warp beam being weighted as heretofore and the weight constantly
varied as the warp is used up, as is well understood, I cause the warp to pass
in contact with the roller B, which is covered with plush or with woollen cloth,
and this roller B I keep weighted to the degree desired, the weight remaining
constant, the warp beam A resting on the surface of the giving-off roller, and
when not sufficiently heavy in itself may slightly weighted; by this arrange-
ment the warp will draw round the roller B, which being kept uniformly
weighted, and at all times being of the same diameter, will cause the warp to
be drawn off uniformly, notwithstanding the decreasing diameter of the warp
beam with its warp.
I will now describe the fourth part of my Invention, which relates to a mode
of twisting, spooling, and warping woollens in order to obtain the warp more
uniform, and consists in a means of winding woollen yarns on to bobbin by
friction, winding and then unwinding from such bobbins in warping by means
of friction surfaces. Figure 4 shews a front and two end views of a machine
for winding yarns on to bobbins; and Figure 5 shews the machine for warp-
ing from such bobbins. C, C, are a series of spindles on which cops are
placed, and if an extra twist is to be put on to the yarns as they are wound on
to the bobbins D, then a quick rotatory motion is to be communicated to the
spindles by the machinery, as is shewn, there being a heart motion for work-
ing the guide bars which lay the yarns on to the bobbins, such heart motion
having a differing motion by cones, as is well understood, and as is clearly
shewn. E are friction rollers against which the bobbins D rest; and motion
being communicated to the rollers E, as is shewn by this arrangement, any
extra twist may be put on to the yarns by varying the speed at which the
yarns are wound on to the bobbins, in comparison with the speed of the

page_text: spindles; or the winding on to bobbins may be accomplished without addi-
tional twist by varying the machinery and dispensing with the motion to the
spindles; and such variation a workman in making a machine will readily
make. The yarns being thus wound on to bobbins, the bobbins are next
to be put into the warp. machine, Figure 5, and the unwinding is to be
performed by means of friction rollers F, as is clearly shewn; by this means
the warping will be rendered most uniform. I would have it understood
that I do not claim the separate processes of twisting and winding on to
bobbins, but combining the winding on to bobbins from cops or bobbins, by
means of friction rollers, with the unwinding from such bobbins by friction
rollers in warping as herein explained.
I will now describe the fifth part of my Invention, which relates to a mode
of weaving woollen doe skins by the aid of seven heddles in place of the.
numbers heretofore used, by which means greater equality of face and more
regular texture and elasticity will be obtained in this description of manufac-
ture. The nature of the various modes of weaving fabrics being well under-
stood, it will not be necessary to describe the same at length, but simply to
state that the loom in which the improved doe skins are to be manufactured is
to have seven heddles in place of the numbers now used; and in order that the
weaver may readily harness his loom to work with seven heddles, I have, at
Figure 6, given two ties, which I believe to be best suited for this manufacture,
though the same may be slightly varied, the object being to obtain as much of
the warp on the face as possible, at the same time so arranging the tie that
the face surface shall be as nearly equal as possible; and this may be accom-
plished by using seven heddles in a much better manner than when other
numbers of heddles are used.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I would remark that I do not confine myself to the precise
arrangements of details shewn and described for carrying out the various parts
of my Invention, provided the peculiar character be retained of any part of
the Invention. But what I claim is,-
First, the mode of constructing and combining the bars a, a, and levers d, e,
as herein described.
Secondly, I claim the mode of applying woven fabrics to strengthen Jacquard
cards, and as hinges or connections for Jacquard cards.
Thirdly, I claim the mode of giving off warp from the warp beams of looms
in weaving.
Fourthly, I claim the modes of twisting, spooling, and warping, as herein
described;

page_text: And, fifthly, I claim the mode of weaving woollen doe skins by employing
seven heddles, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George England, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Second day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-one.
Inrolled the Second day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-one.