Improvements in Steam or Hot Water Boilers.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Jan., 1896-Accepted, 16th May, 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam or Hot Water Boilers.
I, JOHN ALBERT FISH, of Melrose, in the County of Middlesex and State of
Massachusetts, United States of America, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature
of my invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has for its object to provide a simple and economically constructed
heating apparatus adapted to heat and circulate water or to generate steam. The
invention consists in the improvements which I will now proceed to describe and
claim.
Of the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this Specification.-
Figure 1 represents a vertical section of my improved apparatus.
Figure 2 represents a section on line - of Figure 1.
Figure 3 represents a section on line y-y of Figure 1.
Figure represents a section on line - of Figure 1.
In the drawings-
a represents a double-walled water chamber, which surrounds a fire-box having
at its bottom a grate of any suitable construction. cc represent a series of
vertical tubes communicating with the upper end of the chamber a and extending
upwardly therefrom, the upper ends of said tubes cominunicating with a bollow
dome d. The tubes c are separated from each other by spaces c³, as shown in
Figure 3, across which extend inter-tube webs or partitions extending across the
said spaces. The tubes c and partitions extend continuously from a point at one
side of the opening e for the introduction of fuel, partially around the fire-box, to
a point at the opposite side of said opening, the said tubes and partitions constituting
a wall extending partially around the upper portion of the fire-box and arranged so
that the products of combustion from the fire-box will pass outwardly therefrom at
points adjacent to the opening e, which is at the front side of the apparatus. I
provide additional tubes cat opposite sides of the opening e, said tubes being
separated from the adjacent tubes c by inter-tube passages through which the
products of combustion pass, as indicated by the arrows in Figure 3. A casing y
surrounding the opening e is connected with two of the tubes c³ ³ forming a fuel
receiving opening.
Surrounding the series of tubes c and 3 is a casing h, which is provided at one
side with a door i coinciding with the opening e, and at the other side with an
escape opening or flue j adapted to be connected with a chimney. The casing h
co-operates with the tubes and partitions in forming a flue-space extending
from the passages ff to the outlet j, the products of combustion passing through
said Bue, as shown in Figure 3. The casing his preferably composed of the
horizontal top and bottom flanges 23 (Figure 2), and curved plates or sections 4 56
Fig. 3 detachably secured to the flanges 23 by any suitable means, preferably
by the insertion of their lower edges into grooves in the flange 3 and by means of
pivoted latches 7 connecting their upper edges with the flange 2, as shown in
Figure 2. It will be seen by reference to Figure 3, that the tubes separated by the
spaces present large areas of surface to the products of combustion in the upper
portion of the fire-box and absorb heat therefrom, the outer portions of said tubes
also absorbing heat from the products of combustion passing through the casing h.
The partitions are protected by being formed upon the tubes c, the water in said

page_text: upiny asorong neat from said partitions, so that the partitions are not liable
to be quickly burned out.
It will also be seen that the inter-tube webs or partitions are interposed between
the fire-box and the outlet j, so that the products of combustion are prevented from
taking a direct course to the outlet and are caused to pass over large areas of heat-
absorbing surface.
The inner wall of the chamber a is preferably corrugated, as shown in Figures 2
and 3, the area of its heat-absorbing surface heing thus increased.
The bottom surface of the dome d is preferably provided with ribs d' arranged
in any suitable way, the radial arrangement shown in Figure 4 being preferred.
These ribs strengthen the dome, and increase the heat-absorbing area of its under
side.
When the apparatus is used for heating by the circulation of hot water, the
dome d will be comparatively shallow, as shown in Figures 1 and 2; but when the
apparatus is used to generate steam, the dome should be higher.
To increase the efficiency of the apparatus, I may employ circulating pipes or
conduits connected with the dome and depending therefrom into the fire-box, thus
farnishing additional heat-absorbing surfaces. Said conduits as here shown comprise
an annular portion p, tubular arms p2 extending upwardly therefrom and connected
by a short pipe with the dome. Pipes p p extend across the space surrounded by
the portion p. A pipe p connects the portion p with the water chamber a. The
water circulates freely through the said conduits and between the conduits and
the dome.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is:
1. An apparatus of the character specified, comprising a double-walled water
chamber surrounding a fire-box, a plurality of vertical tubes extending upwardly
from said chamber and partially surrounding the upper portion of the fire-box,
two of said tubes being separated by a space which is wider than the spaces
between the other tubes and constitutes a fuel-receiving opening at one side of the
fire-box, a casing surrounding said tubes and provided with a door for said fuel
opening, said casing being separated from the tube by a flue-space, inter-tube
passages through which the products of combustion pass from the fire-box to said
flue-space, an outlet communicating with said flue for the escape of the products of
combustion, and inter-tube webs or partitions interposed between said outlet and the
fire-box and co-operating with said inter-tube passages in preventing the products
of combustion from passing directly from the fire-box to the outlet.
2. An apparatus of the character specified, comprising a double-walled water
chamber surrounding a fire-box, a plurality of vertical tubes extending upwardly
from said chamber and partially surrounding the upper portion of the fire-box, two
of said tubes being separated by a space which is wider than the spaces between
the other tubes and constitutes a fuel-receiving opening at one side of the fire-box,
a casing surrounding said tubes and separated therefrom by a flue-space which
receives the products of combustion through inter-tube spaces, an outlet communi-
cating with said flue, inter-tube webs or partitions interposed between said outlet
and the fire-box, a casing surrounding the fuel opening and separating it from said
flue-space, and a door fitted to said casing.
3. An apparatus of the character specified, comprising a double-walled water
chamber surrounding a fire-box, a plurality of vertical tubes extending upwardly
from said chamber and connected in series by webs or partitions, said tubes and
partitions partially surrounding the upper portion of the fire-box, the end tubes of
the series being separated to form an opening, tubes within said opening separated
from each other by a central fuel-supply opening and from the end tubes of the
series by side openings, a dome surmounting said tubes, and a casing surrounding
the tubes and provided at one side with a door coinciding with the said central

page_text: opening and at the opposite side with an outlet, the said casing and connected tubes
forming a flue which communicates with the fire-box through said side openings and
with the chimney through said outlet.
4. An apparatus of the character specified, comprising a double-walled water
chamber surrounding a fire-box, a series of vertical tubes extending upwardly from
said chamber and connected by webs or partitions extending across the spaces
between the tubes, said tubes being interrupted by an opening at one side of the
fire-box, a hollow dome above the said tubes, said dome having a series of heat-
absorbing ribs or projections on its under side, and a casing co-operating with the
tubes and partitions in forming a flue which conducts the products of combustion
along the outer sides of said tubes.
JOHN ALBERT FISH.
Haseltine, Lake & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.