IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF ROOTS SHOES AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE FEET
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Coles, of Gresham Street West, in the City
of London, Merchant, James Archibald Jaques, of Tottenham, in the
County of Middlesex, Chemist, and John Americus Fanshawe, of the
same Place, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF ROOTS SHOES AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE FEET."
Sealed the 13th April 1865, and dated the 10th February 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Coles, James
Archibald Jaques, and John Americus Fanshawe at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 10th February
1865.
We, GEORGE COLES, of Gresham Street West, in the City of London,
Merchant, JAMES ARCHIBALD JAQUES, of Tottenham, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Chemist, and JOHN AMERICUS FANSHAWE, of the same Place, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE FEET," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention of "Improvements in the Manufacture of Boots, Shoes, and
other Coverings for the Feet" relates to an improved mode of making the
soles and heels of these articles, and consists in forming them of a combination
of hard and soft rubber compound, combined with any suitable textile fabric
in place of leather, as is now usually employed.
In carrying out our Invention we first stamp or cut out of a sheet of hard
rubber compound a blank or piece of the size and shape of a sole or sole and

page_text: heel combined, and either at the same time or afterwards we also cut out from
this blank sole or piece small pieces, either round, oval, rectangular, or of
other convenient shape, and in the holes or openings so formed we introduce
pieces of soft rubber compound, so as to make up the sole complete again,
but consisting of a skeleton or framing of hard rubber compound combined
with internal pieces of soft rubber compound. A thickness of soleing having
been thus produced, we cover it on both sides with any suitable textile fabric,
such as canvas. We then place another thickness of compound soleing thereon,
and, if deemed desirable, two or more thicknesses may be added with textile
fabric between them, so that the sole, when complete, will admit of alternate
layers of hard and soft rubber compound and textile fabric. The sole or piece
so combined of alternate layers is then "cured," or submitted to the action of
beat in the usual manner, to produce the change known as "vulcanizing."
The difference in hardness between the two parts of the sole thus produced
will give a good firm hold to the foot, and will prevent it from slipping. The
hardness of the skeleton framing will also protect the softer parts from undue
wear and tear. If desired, the soles and heels may be made separately, the
heels being built up of skeleton frames of hard rubber compound, filled up
with soft rubber compound, in combination with alternate layers of canvas or
other textile fabric until the required thickness is obtained. The rubber
compounds used for the purposes of our Invention are prepared in the usual
and well known manner. The hardness or softness of the parts may of course
be varied at pleasure by altering the proportions of the ingredients and the
time of curing the compound, as is well known to india-rubber manufacturers.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Coles, James Archibald Jaques, and John Americus
Fanshawe in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 10th August 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
COLES, of Gresham Street West, in the City of London, Merchant, JAMES.
ARCHIBALD JAQUES, of Tottenham, in the County of Middlesex, Chemist, and
JOHN AMERICUS FANSHAWE, of the same Place, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters.
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said George Coles, James Archibald Jaques, and John Americus

page_text: Fanshawe, Her special licence that we, the said George Coles, James
Archibald Jaques, and John Americus Fanshawe, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said George Coles, James
Archibald Jaques, and John Americus Fanshawe, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER
COVERINGS FOR THE FEET," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
said George Coles, James Archibald Jaques, and John Americus Fanshawe,
our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said George Coles, James Archibald
Jaques, and John Americus Fanshawe, do hereby declare the nature of our
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the letters and
figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
Our Invention of "Improvements in the Manufacture of Boots, Shoes, and
other Coverings for the Feet" relates to an improved mode of making the
soles and heels of these articles, and consists in forming them of a combination
of hard and soft rubber compound, combined with any suitable textile fabric
in place of leather, as is now usually employed.
In carrying out our Invention we first stamp or cut out of a sheet of hard
rubber compound a blank or piece of the size and shape of a sole or sole and
heel combined, and either at the same time or afterwards we also cut out from
this blank sole or piece small pieces, either round, oval, rectangular, or of
other convenient shape, and in the holes or openings so formed we introduce
pieces of soft rubber compound, so as to make up the sole complete again, but
consisting of a skeleton or framing of hard rubber compound combined with
internal pieces of soft rubber compound..
Fig. 1 in the accompanying Drawing represents one of these improved
soles, composed of hard and soft rubber. The hard rubber skeleton is shewn
at a, a, and the soft rubber compound at b, b. A thickness of soleing having

page_text: been thus produced we cover it on one or both sides with any suitable textile.
fabric, such as canvas. We then place another thickness of compound soleing.
thereon, and, if deemed desirable, two or more thicknesses may be added with
or without textile fabric between them, so that the sole, when complete, will
consist of alternate layers of hard and soft rubber compound, with or without
textile fabric between them. The sole or piece so combined is then "cured,".
or submitted to the action of heat in the usual manner to produce the change
known as vulcanizing, and may then be employed in the manufacture of boots
and shoes in place of the ordinary sole leather. The difference in hardness
between the two parts of the sole thus produced will give a good firm hold to
the foot, and will prevent it from slipping. The hardness of the skeleton
framing will also protect the softer parts from undue wear and tear. If
desired, the soles and heels may be made separately, the heels being built up
of skeleton frames of hard rubber compound, filled up with soft rubber
compound, in combination with or without alternate layers of canvas or other
textile fabric until the required thickness is obtained; or the heel may be
made of leather or other hard substance, and the sole only of the compound of
hard and soft rubber.
We would remark that our improved soleing may be adapted to boots and
shoes made in the ordinary manner, which may be clumped by attaching our
improved soleing to the leather soles of the ordinary shoes or boots, either by
means of pegs or screws, or by means of india-rubber cement. As, however,
the clump soles are not always required, we sometimes provide them with an
upper," so that they may be temporarily attached to a boot or shoe as shewn
at Fig. 2. The boot or shoe will thus be temporarily galoshed, but the
improved galosh may be easily and almost instantaneously removed.
66
Fig. 3 represents another method of temporarily attaching one of our
improved soles to a boot. In this instance only a sole is employed, and it is
held on the boot by an elastic band c, which passes behind the heel, as shewn
in the Drawing.
Fig. 4 represents another mode of temporarily attaching one of our
improved soles to a boot. In this case the band c is dispensed with, and the
upper of the sole is provided on each side with a button-hole or stud-hole d,
and the boot is provided on each side near the waist with a stud or button, on
which the sole is hooked by the holes d. The rubber compounds used for the
purposes of our Invention are prepared in the usual and well known manner.
The hardness or softness of the parts may of course be varied at pleasure
by altering the proportions of the ingredients and the time of curing the
compound, as is well known to india-rubber manufacturers.

page_text: Having now described our Invention of "Improvements in the Manufacture
of Boots, Shoes, and other Coverings for the Feet, and having explained the
manner of carrying the same into effect, we claim as the Invention secured to
us by Letters Patent as aforesaid, constructing or forming the soleing of
boots, shoes, and other coverings for the feet in the manner herein set
forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said George Coles, James Archibald Jaques,
and John Americus Fanshawe, have hereunto set our hands and seals,
the Ninth day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight