Improvements in and connected with Railway Vehicles and Road Vehicles Driven by Means of Oil Motors.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 27th May 1896
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Feb., 1897-Accepted, 15th May, 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Railway Vehicles and Road
Vehicles Driven by Means of Oil Motors.
I, JOHN MAGEE, of 36 Pembroke Street, Glasgow, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to rail and road vehicles driven by oil motors and it
consists in certain improvements in the construction of the parts of the motors and
vehicles.
The motor is so constructed that the cranks revolve in a closed chamber. There
are preferably two cranks and four cylinders.
The motor is geared to the driving axle of the vehicle by means of ropes or
belts, or by means of chains and pulleys. I may use two or more sets of chains
and pulleys to vary the speed of the vehicle.
The brake for road vehicles consists of two bars or brushes, one at each side of
the vehicle, which are brought into contact with the road.
The wheels of the vehicle I preferably so construct that the spokes act as springs.
This effect I accomplish by bending or coiling the spokes in a peculiar manner so
as to give sufficient strength and at the same time considerable elasticity. If
desired springs can be applied to the spokes.
In some cases I may make the wheels of discs of metal or of tubes so arranged
and bent or shaped as to combine strength and elasticity. If desired the discs may
be made of thin metal and arranged to enclose a space which is inflated with air
forced in by a pump.
I prefer to run the engines at from 100 to 1000 revolutions per minute, to vary
the speed of the carriage instead of employing gear for that purpose.
An alarm whistle may be provided which is actuated by the burnt gases from the
motor.
To enable the vehicle to turn in a small space I arrange the parts so that any of
the wheels can be allowed to run loose on the axles.
The brakes can be operated by means of the exhaust gases acting on a piston or
diaphragm connected with the brakes.
The vehicle can be reversed by simply reversing the engine, or by means of the
chain, rope or belt gearing, the engine running in one direction only.
I may also
To keep the cylinders cool I employ a small tank with water in it.
employ a pump to force or exhaust air from the jackets of the cylinders.
also employ the exhaust gases to assist in cooling the cylinders.
may
The pump and exhaust gases may be employed as follows:-The pump exhausts
the air from the cylinder jacket then a small jet of the exhaust gases at a high
pressure is projected into the jacket, a partial vacuum being in the jacket the
sudden expansion of the exhaust gases lowers the temperature.
Any other available and suitable gas or gas can be employed for cooling the
cylinder instead of the exhaust gases.
The exhaust gases can also be utilized to give a constant feed of oil to the motor
by being allowed to act on the surface of the oil and subject it to compression or
to act on a piston or pump for forcing the oil.
Dated this 26th day of May-1896-
H. D. FITZPATRICK,
70 Wellington Street, Glasgow, Agent.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Railway Vehicles and Road
Vehicles Driven by Means of Oil Motors.
I, JOHN MAGEE, of 36 Pembroke Street, Glasgow, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of this.invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to rail and road vehicles driven by oil motors and it
consists in certain improvements in the construction and combination of the parts
of the motors and vehicles.
And in order that my said invention may be properly understood I have
hereunto appended three explanatory sheets of drawings, whereon,
Fig. 1 is a side view partly in section of a motor car or tricycle.
Fig. 2 is an end view partly in section of the car or tricycle.
Fig. 3 is a sectional plan of the car or tricycle.
Fig. 4 is a vertical section of an oil vaporizer which may be used with the
motor.
Fig. 5 is an end elevation, partly broken away, of a motor tramcar.
Fig. 6 is a side elevation partly sectioned of the motor tramcar.
Fig. 7 is a plan view showing the mechanism for driving the car.
:
Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic view of a brake appliance suitable for a motor car.
Fig. 9 is a diagram of a motor tramcar.
Fig. 10 is a section of a cylinder of the oil motor and its cooling jacket.
Figs. 11 to 15 are views of wheels suitable for motors cars and other road
vehicles.
Fig. 11 is a vertical section and Fig. 12 a side view of a pneumatic wheel.
Figs. 13, 14 and 15 are vertical sections of pneumatic tyred wheels.
Referring to the drawings whereon the same reference letters wherever repeated
indicate the same or similar parts.
Figs. 1 to 3 show a motor car having a hollow body a provided with a raised
seat band carried by three wheels c, c, c. The driving motor is fitted within the
hollow body and below the seat just in front of the axle of the back wheels. The
front steering wheel c¹ has a pivotted fork d which can be turned by the
handle d. If desired instead of having a single steering wheel two steering
wheels c³, c, as shown in dotted lines Fig. 3, can be used and each of these wheels
can be pivotted in a manner similar to the wheel c. The spindle of each fork can
'be provided with an arm d and these arms can be jointed together by a cross
bar d which can be operated by a lever arranged at one side of the machine or at
any other suitable and convenient place. When two steering wheels are used seats
may be arranged at the front of the vehicle the frame being extended for that
purpose as indicated in dotted lines at Fig. 3.
The oil motor, used for driving the car has four trunk cylinders e, e, e¹, e',
arranged side by side and two cranks 3. The pistons of the cylinders e, e, are
coupled together and drive one crank whilst the pistons of the cylinders e¹, el
are also coupled together and drive the other crank. The engine is constructed
on the same principle as the four cylinder gas engine described in the Specification
of my prior Patent. No. 21774 of 1895 and the arrangement is also such that
knocking or jarring in the reciprocating parts is prevented. The four cylinders
are preferably arranged so as to give two impulses to each revolution of the
crank shaft. The whole of the working parts of the engine are enclosed in a
sheet metal casing e². The oil vapour for driving the engine is preferably
generated in a vaporizer of the construction shown in section at Fig. 4. As will
be seen from this figure the chamber in which the oil drops is divided into

page_text: two compartments by means of a partition f. Both compartments are heated
by means of the burnt gases from the engine which are admitted to the surrounding
chamber through the opening 13. Vapour for one cylinder e is generated in
the one compartment and vapour for the other cylinder e in the other compartment.
A similar vaporizer is used for the pair of cylinders e. The valves and fittings
of the vaporizer may be the same as those generally used but adapted to suit
the double vaporizer.
The shaft of the oil engine has a pulley on it which by means of a rope
or band drives a pulley 4 on the secondary shaft which latter, again by
means of the pulley and rope or band drives the pulley fixed to the
axle of the back wheels c, c of the car. If desired chains and chain wheels
can be used instead of the ropes or bands and pulleys.
If desired the secondary shaft may be dispensed with and the axle
driven direct, as usual, by means of a rope, band, or chain led from the wheel h¹
to a wheel such as shown in dotted lines at " on the axle.
It will be seen that the pulleys A, A, A, A, are so arranged as to reduce the
speed transferred from the motor to the axle
i are spring supports for the body of the car.
.
The engine is concealed entirely within the body.
The oil tank can be located at the hack of the vehicle.
In the tramcar shown at Figs. 5 to 7 the oil engine enclosed in its casing e' is
secured to the platform of a swivelling truck which is supported on two
wheels ', . This truck has a tapered backward extension or frame which is
secured to a collar k on the axle k of the car by means of a pivot pin . The
platform at the front of the truck has an enclosure". is the oil tank of the
engine which is supported on brackets . is a pipe leading from the oil tank to
the vaporizer of the engine. m shows in dotted lines the tank for the water
for cooling the cylinders it is arranged below the seat on the roof of the car.
m indicates the pipe leading from the tank to the jackets of the cylinders
whilst m indicates the return pipe leading from the jackets of the cylinders to the
tank. mare hose pipe couplings for the pipes m', m².
The engine is arranged, as shown, so as to project only a short distance
above the platform of the truck.
The shaft of the motor drives by means of the chain wheel ¹ and chain
the wheel on the secondary shaft A running in bearings secured to the bottom
of the car. This shaft again by means of the pulley and band drives the
pulley secured to the rear axle 8 of the car. The wheels n are secured rigidly
to this axle whilst the wheels n' are secured loosely to the axle k. On the axle A
is also a pulley 10 which can be driven by means of a crossed band " from a
pulley on the secondary shaft k³.
Extra wheels and are as shown provided on the shafts 2, h, in case the
first ones break down. These wheels can be geared together at any time by a second
chain similar to *.
The engine runs continuously and both belts ", °, run slack on the pulleys 10
and . In order to bring one or other of them into action so as to move the car
in one direction or the other the tension device shown at Figs. 7 and 8 is provided.
This consists of a cross shaft o carried in brackets o' secured to the bottom of the
This shaft is provided with an upward crank o and two downward
cranks oo. The crank o is pinned to a rod of which extends the length of the
car and has levers o, o', jointed to its extremities. These. levers can be locked in
any one of three positions in notched guards of, o, secured to the side of the car.
The cranks o³, o, are provided with pulleys or rollers which can, when desired, be
made to press, respectively, against the belts A, A, and cause them to run tight
on the pulleys 10, h. When the levers o, o, are in the position shown the car is
going forward and the belt A is caused to run tight on the pulleys A, A, the
belt running slack, when however either of the levers of or o' is pulled towards
the mid position on the guard o" or of the car is stopped as the rollers of both

page_text: cranks o³, o, are quite free of the belts he, h, and, as a consequence, both of them
run slack; when, again, either of the levers is pulled full over towards the right
hand (Fig. 6) the crank o' is caused to exert a tension on the crossed belt and
thereby cause the car to go backward.
The levers o, o7, can be arranged at any suitable part of the car.
Instead of having a swivelling truck such as; a bogie such as indicated at p
Fig. 9 may be employed. In this case the body of the car has only the back pair
of driving wheels n and its front part rests on the bogie p being secured thereto,
by a coupling pin pl or in other well known and convenient manner.
The brake for road vehicles such as motor cars may consist of bars or brushes 9
(see Fig. 8), one arranged at each side of the vehicle, which are brought into
contact with the road by means of a piston in a cylinder q' acting, by means of a
connecting bar on the lever arm 22 of each brake block. Burnt gas under pressure
is withdrawn from the oil engine, before the exhaust ports are uncovered, through
a suitable valve and pipe connection 3 and conducted to the pressure tank q which
is closed. q is a non-return valve fitted on the connection 3 for the purpose of
preventing pressure gas escaping from the tank. q is a pipe connection leading
from the tank g to the slide valve casing q' at the side of the cylinder gl. By
pulling up or depressing the slide valve by means of the handle q burnt gas, under
pressure, from the receptacle q is supplied to either the top or bottom of the
piston working in the cylinder q¹ so as to apply or lift up the brake blocks or
brushes g.
A pipe connection may be fitted to the tank g for the purposes of supplying
burnt gas under pressure to blow a whistle. is a cut off cock fitted on the pipe r.
As shown at Fig. 10 the engine cylinders may have cooling jackets s provided
with ribbed partitions or divisions s'. Water can be circulated through the spaces
between these divisions. If desired a pump, driven from the oil engine, may be
provided for exhausting heated air from the cylinder jackets s and constantly
drawing a volume of cold air through the passages between the ribs s¹.
If desired the cylinder jackets may be closed and the air exhausted from them by
means of a pump when a very small jet of exhaust gas can be projected into the
jackets. A partial vacuum being in the jackets the sudden expansion of the
exhaust gas lowers the temperature.
Figs. 11 and 12 show a wheel suitable for motor cars and other road vehicles. It
consists of a rim t having two thin sheet metal discs t', one at each side, bolted to it
and also to the hub t2. Each disc t' is bent or shaped, as shown, so as to give a
certain amount of elasticity. In order to support the discs and prevent them
collapsing an inner hollow wheel body of india rubber having an exterior shape
exactly the same as that of the discs is provided. The inner india rubber wheel
body is inflated by means of a pump through a non-return valve in the same manner
as pneumatic tyres. In order to increase the resiliency of the discs t¹ they may be
cut radially as shown at t.
Fig. 13 shows in section a wheel having an inflatable rubber pneumatic tyre u
interposed between the rims u, u², of the wheel. To prevent the tyre u collapsing
under great pressure it is supported at either side by thin metal rings u³ shaped or
bent inwardly so as to be to a certain extent elastic in their action. These rings
are flanged, as shown, and at the flanges are secured to the rims u', u².
Fig. 14 shows in section a slightly different form of wheel wherein the pneumatic
tyre u is enclosed in a thin flattened metal tube u extending right round the
periphery of the wheel. The tube can be secured to the rims u, u², in any well
known and suitable manner.
Fig. 15 shows in section a further slightly modified form of wheel. The only
difference from the wheel at Fig. 13 is that the rings us are bent outwardly instead
of inwardly.
In these figs. u³ are spokes.
The rims u, u², and the rings us when secured together form a tubular space for
the reception of the rubber naeumatic tyre v

page_text: The resilient metal sides us prevent the tyre u collapsing.
These arrangements of tubular tyre combine together strength and elasticity.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
ion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
consider novel and desire to claim is :-
1. In combination a car, an oil motor fitted in or to the car having four cylinders
arranged side by side the pistons of the cylinders being coupled together in pairs
and driving two opposite eranks on the crank shaft, and rope, belt, or chain gearing
for driving the car, substantially as herein before described with reference to the
drawings annexed.
2. In combination a car having a truck or bogie fitted thereto, an oil motor on
the truck or bogie, a shaft (2) fitted below the car and driven constantly in one
direction by the motor, pulleys and 2 on the shaft, pulleys hand on the
axle of the car, a straight belt and a crossed belt for driving the axle h and
a tension device for throwing the belts into and out of action, substantially as
hereinbefore described and shown on the drawings annexed.
3. The hollow disc wheel for vehicles constructed substantially as hereinbefore
described and shown at Figs. 12 and 13 of the drawings annexed.
4. The construction of elastic tubular rims for wheels substantially as
herein before described and shown at Figs. 14, 15 and 16 of the drawings annexed.
Dated this 22nd day of February 1897.
H. D. FITZPATRICK,
70 Wellington Street, Glasgow, Agent.