A DRILL HARROW, WHICH SOWS AND HARROWS AT. THE SAME TIME, AND WHICH IS ON AN ENTIRE NEW CONSTRUCTION, FOR THE SOWING OF ALL KIND OF GRAIN, TURNIP, RAPE SEED, &c., AND ANY QUANTITY OF ANY KIND OF SEEDS, WITH THE GREATEST REGULARITY UPON AN ACRE, AND THE ROWS AT ANY DISTANCE FROM Six:TO THIRTY-SIX INCHES.
Year: 1787

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, RICHARD
HEATON, of Chevat, near Wakefield, in the County York, Farmer, sends
greeting.
WHEREAS the said Richard Heaton did, by his petition, humbly represent
unto His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, that he,
the said. petitioner, had by great study, labour, and expence, invented and
brought to perfection "A DRILL HARROW, WHICH SOWS AND HARROWS AT. THE
SAME TIME, AND WHICH IS ON AN ENTIRE NEW CONSTRUCTION, FOR THE SOWING OF
ALL KIND OF GRAIN, TURNIP, RAPE SEED, &c., AND ANY QUANTITY OF ANY KIND
OF SEEDS, WITH THE GREATEST REGULARITY UPON AN ACRE, AND THE ROWS AT ANY
DISTANCE FROM Six:TO THIRTY-SIX INCHES. IT SOWETH WITHOUT BRUISING THE SEED;
OR ANY DIFFERENCE IN THE QUANTITY OF SEED EITHER UP HILL OR DOWN. AND AS
THE QUALITY OF LAND FREQUENTLY DIFFERS IN THE SAME CLOSE, THE PERSON THAT
HOLDS THE MACHINE MAY VARY IT AT PLEASURE TO SUIT THE LAND AS HE
CROSSES OR GOES UP OR DOWN THE CLOSE, WITHOUT STANDING TO ALTER IT. IT
SOWETH RIDG'D LANDS OF ANY SIZE, WITH THE SAME PROPRIETY AND EXPEDITION
AS LEVEL; IT ALSO MAKES DRILLS IN ANY KIND OF LAY OR STRONG LAND. IT
SOWETH BRIN'D AND HIN'D WHEAT AND LONG OATS WITH AS GREAT PROPRIETY AS OTHER
CORN. IT' SOWETH HAND. TILLAGE (THAT IS RAPE DUST, PIDGEON DUNG, &C.; IP
REQUIRED,) EITHER IN THE DRILL WITH THE CORN, OR ON EACH SIDE, OR BOTH. IT
MARKS THE PLACE WHERE THE HORSE IS TO GO, SO THAT THE ROWS STAND REGULARLY,
AND THE WORK MAY BE PERFORMED WITH ONE. HORSE." That the said Inven-
tion cannot fail of being of public utility, and therefore the said Petitioner
prayed that His said Majesty would be pleased to grant unto him, the said

page_text: Petitioner, his exors, adñiors, and assigns, His Royal Letters Patent under the
Great Seal of Great Britain, for the sole making and vending the said Inven-
tion within that part of Great Britain called England, His Dominion of Wales,
and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, for. the term of fourteen years. And His
said Majesty, being willing to give encouragement to all arts and inventions
that might be for the public good, was graciously pleased to condescend to the
Petitioner's request, and did, therefore, by His Royal Letters Patent, bearing
date at Westminster, the Tenth day of March, in the twenty-seventh year
of His reign, of His special grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion, for
Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto the said Richard
Heaton, his exors, adññiors, and assigns, His especial licence, full power, sole
priviledge and authority, that the said Richard Heaton, his exors, admors, and
assigns, and every of them, by himself and themselves, or by his and their
deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or such others as he, the said Richard
Heaton, his exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter. during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercisé, and vend
his said Invention within that part of His Kingdom of Great Britain called
England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, in such
manner as to him, the said Richard Heaton, his exors, adiñors, and assigns, or
any of them, should in his or their discretion think meet, and that he, the said
Richard Heaton, his exors, admors, and assigns, should and lawfully might
have and enjoy the whole profit, benefit, commodity, and advantage from time
to time coming, growing, accruing, and arising by reason of the said Invention
for and during the term of years therein mentioned, to have, hold, exercise, and
enjoy the said licence, powers, priviledges, and advantages therein-before granted
or mentioned to be granted unto the said Richard Heaton, his exors, admors,
and assigns, for and during and until the full end and term of fourteen years
from the date of the said Letters Patent next and immediately ensuing, and fully
to be compleat and ended according to the Statute in such case made and pro-
vided; in which said Letters Patent is contained a provisoe, that if the said
Richard Heaton should not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
his said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed by an
instrument in writing under his hand and seal, and cause the same to be enrolled
in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within one calendar month next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, that then the said
Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby granted,
should utterly cease, determine, and become void, anything therein-before con-
tained to the contrary thereof in anywise notwithstanding, as in and by the said

page_text: Letters Patent, reference being thereunto had, may more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said provisoe, he, the said
Richard Heaton, doth hereby describe and ascertain the nature of his said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed as follows, that
is to say:
Fig. 1st, the lower part of the machine, which is a common harrow that
runs upon the wheels a, a, and b; the wheels a, a, gives motion to the whole
machine; the other wheel 6 supports the fore end of the harrow; c is an iron
axle which turns with the wheels a, a; d is a pulley, cog, or iron spike wheel;
the spike wheel Fig. VI. works in the chain Fig. VII., and gives motion to
the roller a, Fig. 11I., which sows the manure, the open links each fitting on
to a spike. If the pulleys be used, they work in a chain belt or string; e a
pulley or cog wheel which gives motion to the seed wheel Fig. II., mark'd b,
by another pulley or cog upon the same axis mark'd d, by altering the propor-
tion of which pulleys or cogs the machine sows more or less seed; f, f, two
iron racket wheels which shakes the seed box and brings the seed to the seed
wheels as they make room for it by lading out of the low box. The seed
wheels has broad spokes or arms (as in Fig. VIII.) which scrapes back the
seed, so that it cannot come too fast into the lower part of the box. 9.9.9.9,
are moveable pieces of wood which slides upon the two cross pieces m, m, and
are bolted fast to them at any desired distance from each other. A greater or less
number of the pieces g may be put on. (If the numbers be odd it would
be more uniform to have two wheels to support the fore end). Those pieces
also have holes in them to contain the coulters, funnels, &c., so that by moving
them nearer or further from each other, the rows of corn are the same.
h, h,
the handles to lift the two wheels a, a, off the ground while the machine turns,
so that it may not sow upon the head land. i, i, i, scrapes the earth off the
wheels. j, j, two moveable pieces of iron which support the manure box and
roller, and on which the axis of the roller turns. They are moveable, so that
they are always properly in their places if the wood they are fasten'd in be set
nearer or further from each other. k, k, are pieces of wood which support
the hind part of the manure box. 1, 1, are moveable pieces of wood headed
with iron, which hangs loose upon staples where they join the harrow, so that
the head at o marks the ground where the horse must go the next time. There
may be one on each side the harrow, or one to be turn'd over.
Fig. II. is the box which contains the seed. It is put in at a, b, the wheels
which lades out the seed and turns all upon one axis, and may be remov'd
nearer or further from each other, as the distance of the rows requires. A greater

page_text: or less number may be put on at pleasure. The pulley d is upon the same
axis, or a cog wheel which receives its motion from a pulley or cog wheel e in;
Fig. I., by changing the proportion of which more or less seed may be sown.
The lower part of the box where the wheels works is supply'd from the upper
part through holes in the moveable board c; the seed wheels works directly, 's
against the holes through which the seed comes; the holes are petition'd-with.
moveable petitions; and the board may be changed for one with the holes
nearer, or further according to the distance of rows.
f
.Fig. V. represents the loose board. a; the holes, through which; the seed.:
comes to the wheels; 6 are brushes to sweep the superfluous corn off the 1
wheels as they turn. Fig. XI. is a brush for the same purpose, which turns
round and sweeps the wheels, either of which will do the business. c in Fig.
the Fifth is a board which, slides up and down occasionally to fill the upper
part of the holes more or less. The axis and seed wheels turns altogether; ţis
a square, axis. e, funnels which conveys the seed to the lower funnels; ff, 1
pieces of wood. nail'd, to the box, with a piece taken out at i to fit on to the;
iron axle, in Fig. I.; 9, 9, iron plates which rests upon the, racket wheels
in Fig. I, which gives the box and, seed a trembling motion to bring the seed..
down; it likewise, shakes the superflous corn off the seed, wheels;;- it also.
shakes it out of the holes in the wheels into the funnels. The rim of the seed 2
wheels is a zigzag, a front explain'd, Fig. IX.; they are, cast iron.
Fig. III. is a box which, contains manure, such as rape dust, bone dust,
pigeon dung, ashes, horse dung, &c. The roller a brings it out, and it may
either be conveyed by proper funnels into the drill with the corn, or on each
side, or by not catching it in the funnels. It will be sown broad cast. 6 is iron
racket wheels on each side of the roller; the rackets plays against the steel
plates, c, which shakes the manure to the roller. d, d, are skrews which are
moved by the handle f; they raise or lower the board e, which causes.it to sow
more or less, and that as machine goes; 9, a wood pulley, cog, or iron spike
wheel, which receives its, motion from.d, Fig. I.
3
Fig. IV. is a side view, of the whole (that is of one row). The seed box c,
is supposed to be transparent to give, a better idea how, the seed, wheels; are
supplied with seed. The dotted part is, supposed to be corn. d,is. the wheel
which takes it out. e, the brush which sweeps off the superfluous corn. l, l;
funnels, the higher is moveable with the box and wheels, and receives the seed 3.
from the wheels; the other goes; through the harrow and conveys the seed into
the drill, which is made any debth by the coulter, m: The other coulter v
makes a drill when manure is sown. The two others are only used when the
land is of such a texture that the drill is not easily made by one, but by one

page_text: running before. another, and each a little deeper than the former, it will make'
a drill if the land be ever so tough or stubborn. n, n, pulley or cogs which
receives their motions; from the wheels o, by changing the proportion of the
pulleys or cogs in size it will sow more or less. q, a string, belt or chain by
which they communicate. p, steel plates which plays against the racket wheels
and shakes the seed box. The axle on which the upper pulley is fixed rests
upon a spring, which cannot be shown, to keep. the chain tight: k; handles
when the machine turns. i, handles to keep the seed box in a proper.situation,
which is known by a water level a, which is a tin tube with water in it. b, b,
are two cork balls, to one of which is fixed a small piece of light wood, which.
comes out of the top of the tube with marks upon it. f, the other ball,"
prevents the water from slopping. When the box is-kept in the same situation
(with regard to the horizon) it soes even; but when inclined towards 9, it sows
rather, more seed; when inclined towards h, it sows rather less; so that the
different qualities of land may be suited with proper quantities of seed.
Suppose the land vary ever so much, the box is kept in the same situation up
hill and down, which causes the same quantity of seed to be sown. r is the
end of the manure box.. s, a skrew, which moves a board higher or lower, so
that it may be varied the same as corn, as the person which holds the machine
may reach the skrew, and move it gradually as the land requires. A greater:
or less quantity of manure may be sown upon an acre by changing the pro-
portion of pulleys, cogs, or spike wheels which turns the roller.t from the
wheels o, and the quantity varied at pleasure. u, a piece of wood which
supports the manure. box; it hangs loose upon it, so that the box will shake
freely. x, iron which supports the roller by the rollers axis. y, steel plates
fasten'd to the manure box which rests upon the racket wheels z, at each end
of the roller, which causes the box to shake, and the manure to come to the
roller. Seed is sown broad cast by placing smooth boards obliquely where the
funnels are, and placing the seed wheels at about nine inches from each other,
by which means the corn will be sown with much more regularity than with
the hand.
Fig. X. is a different kind of seed box, which sows nearly as well as the
other already described. It is nearly the same as the manure box, the roller
being different, the one having holes to bring out the corn, and the other
inches to bring out the manure. There is the addition of the brush c, which
prevents the corn from being bruis'd. It sows more or less by altering the
pulleys or cogs, and varies the quantity at pleasure by touching the handle f,
and moving the skrews e, e, which raises or lowers the brush c. Both the
roller and box shakes; the seed may be conveyed by proper funnels into drills

page_text: or not catch'd for broad cast. The first described seed box sows turnip seeds,
&c., by wheels proportioned to, the seed.
In witness whereof, I, the said. Richard Heaton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of March, in the twenty-seventh
year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Third, by the
Grace of God of Great Britain France, and Ireland King, Defender
of the Faith, &c., in the year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred
and eighty-seven.