Iμ- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHEELED AND OTHER CARRIAGES OR VEHICLES
Year: 1867

page_text: Birkbeck, Patent Agents and Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "Iμ-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHEELED AND OTHER CARRIAGES OR
VEHICLES."A communication from abroad by John Smalley Campbell,
of Newton, in the County of Sussex, and State of New Jersey, United
States of America.
Sealed the 4th February 1868, and dated the 5th August 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Garrett Tongue at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th August 1867.
I, JOHN GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue and Birkbeck, Patent
Agents and Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHEELED AND OTHER CARRIAGES OR
VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in making the body and other parts making up the
outside or shell, also the seats, and if desired the wheels or running gear of a
carriage or other wheeled vehicle, likewise the panels, dash board, and if
desired runners of a sleigh, of hard rubber or vulcanite, whereby durability

page_text: and elegance is secured to the vehicle with comparatively little trouble or
expense, and the carriage or other vehicle may be constructed with neatness
and expedition or dispatch.
In carrying out the Invention moulds corresponding to the required form of
the body or other portion of the vehicle are first prepared, and then the india-
rubber admixed with sulphur with or without other ingredients such as are
used in the manufacture of vulcanite and suitable coloring matter placed therein,
and the plastic mass being afterwards heated to complete the vulcanization
and sufficiently cured or heated to make of it hard rubber or vulcanite in or
by any of the well-known and ordinary or other suitable processes. The body
of the carriage is moulded to its required shape and formed of hard rubber as
before mentioned, preferably, however, not including the bottom and seat rest,
with its legs or side uprights, all of which may be made of wood or other
suitable material. The body is formed or moulded with a flange for giving it
a firmer bearing on and securing it with facility by screws or otherwise to the
bottom of the carriage or vehicle. It may also be made with a stiffening
bridge, which in addition to bracing the body may also serve to conceal the
edges of the seat rest. The seat or outer and exposed portion thereof is formed
by a moulded shell of hard rubber made to slide over or on a wooden or other
base or cushion rest, to which it is or may be secured by screws, and so fits
on or over the same, so that when the cushion is in its place both the wood
and its fastenings which secure the rubber shell to it will or may be concealed.
By thus uniting the hard rubber and wood both in the body and its seat the
exterior or shell portion protects the interior wood or framework, and the
latter braces the former. Of course the number of stiffening bridges, as also
the number of seats and general configuration of the body, may be varied
according to the vehicle it is required to construct. The shell or rubber portion
may have ornaments of different kinds 'moulded on it, and by this improvement
a carriage body of a high finish may be made almost as easily as a plain one,
will not be liable to clip, and in addition to its durability and elegance may
be got up light and expeditiously. The india-rubber may have various coloring
matters mixed with it, so as to impart different tints of colour to the vulcanite.
The wheels may also be made of hard rubber either by moulding each of
them in one piece or forming them in parts; thus the hubs and spokes may
be moulded together and the felloes and tires applied afterwards, which felloes
may also be made of wood or other suitable material, and the tires of metal,
or the whole wheel may be cast in one with the hub made of wood or other
material. If desired also the bows and all or most of the solid parts of folding
or stationary carriage or waggon tops may likewise be made of hard rubber,

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Garrett Tongue in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 4th February 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue and Birkbeck, Patent Agents and
Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Garrett Tongue, Her special licence that I, the said John Garrett
Tongue, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as 1, the
said John Garrett Tongue, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHEELED AND OTHER CARRIAGES OR VEHICLES," a com-
munication to me from abroad by John Smalley Campbell, of Newton, in the
County of Sussex, and State of New Jersey, United States of America, upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Garrett Tongue, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Garrett Tongue, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
-formed to-be- particularly-described and ascertained in and by the following
-statement thereof, that-is-to-say-
This Invention consists in making the body and other parts making up the
outside or shell, also the seats, and if desired the wheels or running gear of

page_text: a carriage or other wheeled vehicle, likewise the panels, dash board, and if
desired runners of a sleigh, of hard rubber or vulcanite, whereby durability and
elegance is secured to the vehicle with comparatively little trouble or expense,
and the carriage or other vehicle may be constructed with neatness and
dispatch.
In carrying out the Invention moulds corresponding to the required form of
the body or other portion of the vehicle are first prepared, and then the india-
rubber admixed with sulphur with or without other ingredients such as are
used in the manufacture of vulcanite and suitable coloring matter placed
therein, the plastic mass being afterwards heated to complete the vulcanization
and sufficiently cured or heated to make or convert it into hard rubber or
vulcanite in or by any of the well-known and ordinary or other suitable
processes.
And in order that the Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into practice I will proceed to describe the same more in detail,
reference being had to the accompanying Drawing, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure represents a longitudinal section of a carriage or waggon con-
structed of hard rubber or vulcanite according to this Invention; Figure 2 is
a transverse section thereof; and Figure 3 a view in perspective of the hard
rubber body portion of said vehicle detached.
The body A of the carriage is moulded to its required shape and formed of
hard rubber as before mentioned, preferably, however, not including the
bottom a and seat rest b with its legs or side uprights c, all of which may be
made of wood or other suitable material. The body A is shown as formed or
moulded with a flange d for giving it a firmer bearing on and securing it with
facility by screws or otherwise to the bottom of the carriage or vehicle a. It
may also be made with a stiffening bridge e, which in addition to bracing the
body may also serve to conceal the edges of the seat rest b. The seat or outer
and exposed portion thereof is formed by a moulded shell B of hard rubber
made to slide over or on a wooden or other base or cushion rest f, to which
it is or may be secured by screws, and so fits on or over the same, so that
when the cushion is in its place both the wood and its fastenings which secure
the rubber shell B to it will or may be concealed. By thus uniting the hard
rubber and wood both in the body and its scat the exterior or shell portion
protects the interior wood or framework, and the latter braces the former.
Of course the number of stiffening bridges e, as also the number of seats

page_text: and general configuration of the body, may be varied according to the
vehicle it is required to construct. The shell or rubber portion may have
ornaments of different kinds moulded on it, and by this improvement a carriage
body of a high finish may be made almost as easily as a plain one, will not be
liable to clip, and in addition to its durability and elegance may be got up
light, expeditiously, and cheap. The india-rubber may have various coloring
matters mixed with it, so as to impart different tints of color to the vulcanite.
The wheels c may also be made of hard rubber either by moulding each of
them in one piece or forming them in parts; thus the hubs and spokes may
he moulded together and the felloes and tires applied afterwards, which felloes
may also be made of wood or other suitable material, and the tires of metal,
or the whole wheel may he cast in one, with the hub made of wood or other
material. If desired also the bows and all or most of the solid parts of folding
or stationary carriage or waggon tops may likewise be made of hard rubber,
likewise the panels, dash board, and runners of sleighs, said runners being
suitably covered or plated with metal.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Garrett Tongue, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this First day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
JOHN GARRETT TONGUE. (L.S.)