An Improvement in the Construction and Formation of Main Drains, Conduits, or Sewage Pipes.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application; 15th Mar., 1887
Complete Left, 8th Nov., 1887
Complete Accepted, 9th Dec., 1887
An Improvement in the Construction and Formation of Main
Drains, Conduits, or Sewage Pipes.
1 FRANCIS FRYER ABBEY of Salendine Nook Huddersfield Merchant do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :—
My Invention applies to the construction of all the joints comprised in the outlets
or inlets, which occur in the main drains or their connections, whether for Sewage or
Ventilating purposes. In which I require that all the said joints for inlet or outlet,
and communicating with the said Main Drains or their connections shall be so formed
that they shall in all cases enter or open on a level with the base of the drain, instead
of the top or upper sides as has heretofore been the case. That the joints shall be
so formed or arranged that the opening of the smaller drain or pipe into the larger
one shall slope as gradually as possible to the direction of the main outlet of the
larger Drain or pipe. That the shape of the outlet or smaller pipe shall gradually
change from circular to oval and thence to pear shape at its closest or complete
junction, the pointed end of the opening being at the extremity of the joint in the
direction of the rush of the stream. At every man-hole an air pipe shall penetrate
at either side of the base of the drain, in manner as aforesaid.
By this means, I claim that, as opposed to the present plan of openings and con-
nections from the top or upper surface of the drain pipe, which are about the most
perfect fever generators which could possibly be contrived, any foul air, which may
be floating inside the upper surface, will not reach the minor sewage pipes. That
the stream of sewage running in the larger drains will draw down the fresh air
from the side pipes of the man-holes, into the drain, and thereby hinder the formation
of foul gas. The quicker and heavier the stream and the more air will be drawn in.
When the stream runs above the level of the outlet or inlet of the sewage pipes,
it then forms a natural trap, with the advantage that, altho it is impossible for any
bad air to get up, the main stream will constantly draw all the air possible from the
pipes, thereby reducing to the lowest possible minimum the escape of drain gas or
foul air, and maintaining the purity of the air above ground under any tem-
perature.
DL: h L
CM 1007

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improvement in the Construction and Formation of Main
Drains, Conduits, or Sewage Pipes.
I, FRANCIS FRYER ABBEY of Salendine Nook Huddersfield Merchant do
hereby declare the nature of my invention for THE CONSTRUCTION ON MAIN
DRAINS, CONDUITS, OR SEWAGE PIPES and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment :-
My Invention applies to the construction of all the joints comprised in the outlets
or inlets which occur in the Main Drains, Conduits, or Sewage pipes, or their con-
nections whether for Sewage or Ventilating purposes. In which I require that all
the said joints or connections for outlet or inlet and communicating with the said
Main Drains Conduits or Sewage pipes or their connections shall be so formed that
they shall in all cases, enter or open at the base of the main drain conduit of
sewage pipe, instead of at the top or upper sides as has heretofore been the case.
That the said joints shall be so formed or arranged that the opening of the smaller
drain or pipe into the larger one shall slope as gradually as is possible or necessary
to the direction of the main outlet of a larger drain or pipe. That the shape of the
outlet or smaller pipe shall gradually change from circular to oval, and thence to
pear shape at its closest or complete junction, the pointed end of the opening or
junction being at the oxtremity of the joint in the direction of the rush of the stream.
At every manhole or such part or portion of the drain conduit or sewage pipe, as is
used or shall be in use or shall be deemed desirable for the Ventilation of such before-
said Drains Conduits or Sewage pipes, a further pipe or opening shall spring or rise
from the base on either or both sides, of the said Drain Conduit or Sewage pipes
in manner as herein before described, that is to say. The opening or openings at the
base of the Main Drain Conduit or Sewage pipes shall be pear shaped, the pointed end
of which being in the direction of the rush of the stream or nearest the mouth of the drain,
sloping back gradually in the form of a pipe or pipes outside the main drain conduit
or Sewage pipe and rising in such manner as shall be convenient for the purposes of
ventilation, and convenient also to the lid or door of the manhole provided that a
manhole be in use or necessary to be used, close to or in the neighbourhood of such
pipes used for ventilating purposes. That all manholes or such other opening or openings
from the main drains Conduits or Sewage pipes communicating directly or indirectly
with the upper level or outer surface of the ground, other than those openings at the base
of the main drains conduits or sewage pipes, as hereinbefore described, shall be closed
in such manner as that no air or Gas communication shall be possible to or from as
between the main drains, Conduits or Sewage pipes on the one hand, and the open air
above ground, on the other hand or visa versa." That all manholes or other openings
of ingress or egress or any other openings whatsoever, other than those hereinbefore
specified, and springing from the base of the aforesaid main drains, Conduits or Sewage
pipes. Such manholes or other opening sshall be provided with moveable lids or doors,
such lids or doors when not open for repairs or other necessary requirements, other than
for purposes of Ventilation, shall be closed in such manner as to prevent as far as
possible the ingress or egress of Gas or Air.