An Improvement in Kilns for Firing Bricks and the like
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 11th June, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 9th Mar, 1989
Complete Specification Accepted, 8th June, 1889
An Improvement in Kilns for Firing Bricks and the like
We, THE GAS PATENTS SYNDICATE I IMITED of 37 Walbrook, in the City of
London, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows
This invention relates to an improvement in kilns for firing bricks tiles, and like
materials, and has for its object to facilitate the introduction of the materials to the
kiln, and their removal therefrom, and to provide for uniform firing in different parts
of the kiln
We will describe the construction and arrangement of kiln with reference to the
accompanying drawings in which similar letters of reference indicite corresponding
parts in the various figures
Fig 1 is a longitudinal central sectional elevation Fig 2 is a sectional plan on
the line XX of Fig 1
Fig 3 is a cross sectional elevation
Fig 4 is an enlarged side elevation of one of the trucks by which the bricks are
moved into and removed from the kiln-oven
Fig 5 is a plan view of the truck
Fig 6 18 a perspective view of one of the brick crates carried by the trucks
Fig 7 is a plan view of a modified form of kiln
Fig 8 is a sectional elevation of the same
In the kiln shewn in Figs 1 2 and 3 parallel side walls A are erectul on a flat
foundation B and the enclosure is covered by a roof C, forming an arcade-like baking
oven, the ends of which are adapted to be closed, when bricks are to be baked therein,

page_text: by walls D, all the building material used being necessarily of a refractory fire-proof
nature
A longitudinal sunken trench E is formed centrally in the foundation B, which
trench extends the entire length of the kiln, and has through its top a number of
openings F, which can be opened or closed, in this instance, in pairs, by sliding
dampers G provided with handles G¹, projecting outside the kiln
A flue I is constructed beneath the floor of the kiln leading from the side of the
trench E for its entire length, and narrowing outward to a chimney I¹
Within the tapering part of the lateral flue 1 there is an air chamber J, with which
are connected air_ducts J¹ opening above the ground beyond the side of the kiln
The air chamber J is also connected with an air duct J, extending transversely
beneath the kiln and leading at either end into the interior of the kiln through the
lower part of the side walls A, and bafflers K are interposed in the air chamber J
between the air ducts J₁ and J³, to compel the air to take a circuitous course in
passing from the one duct to the other
'
Longitudin il partitions La little within the side walls A, terminate a little below
the roof C forming longitudinal combustion chambers opening at the top into the
interior of the kiln
In the bottom of each combustion chamber is an air pipe M extending the entire
length and connected with the end of the transverse air duct J, and within each
pipe M, which has at its upper side a series of burner tubes M¹, is arranged a gas
tube M³ provided on its upper side with a series of jets corresponding to the burner
tubes M¹
The upright partitions L are provided with openings L¹ at different heights
arranged to be regulated from outside the kiln by damper slides L³, connected by
rods with handles L projecting through the side walls A
On the floor of the kiln are huid rails or tracks N, on which trucks O, shewn in
Figs 4 and 5, can be run into or out of the kiln These trucks are made of refractory
metal such is steel, they are loaded outside the kiln with the brich to be baked, then
run into the kiln in a number sufficient to fill it, whereupon the kiln is closed at
the ends
Fuel gas being admitted to the gas tubos M², and lighted at the burner tubes M³,
air is drawn in through the air ducts J', air chamber J, air duct J³, air pipes M, and
the burner tubes M², where it mixes with the gas and produces very hot flames
The hot products of combustion rise in the side combustion chambers and pass from
their tops into the oven, then downwards, circulating uniformly among the bricks
through the openings F into the central trench E, and finally by the flue I to the
chimney I'
By properly adjusting the dampers G, the bricks at different points of the kiln
can be kept at a uniformn temperature, and likewise, by proper adjustment
of the partition dampers L³, the bricks at different heights can be uniformly
baked
The roof is provided with damper flues P by which a sudden excess of-temperature
can be readily relieved, and thermostat gauges are arranged at suitable points to
indicate the temperature of the various parts of the kiln
When the bricks are sufficiently baked, the kiln is opened and the trucks ○ are
wheeled out with their loads of baked bricks
As shown in Fig 4 the trucks may have two sets of wheels, a set O' and a set O³,
arringed to run on vertically adjustable rails N' in the kiln Before moving the
loaded truck into the kiln, the wheels O' which would be hable to injury can be
removed and the truck run in on the wheels O" which are more strongly and
coarsely made
The truck is provided with standards P¹, to receive between them steel crates P³,
which have perforated bottoms and latticed side walls and partitions to expose the
bricks which they contain thoroughly to the heat of the kiln
Each crate P has a hinged door P³ to facilitate the packing and removal of the
bricks

page_text: The hot gases passing out of the flue I around the chamber J heat the air which is
delayed therein by the bafflers and which goes to supply the burners in the combus-
tion chambers
In the form of kiln shewn in Figs 7 and 8, four kilns similar to that just described
are arranged around a common gas reservoir or generator, and the escape flues, ur
ducts, gas tubes and surrounding air pipes of all are connected and provided with
valves or dampers so that the four kilns can be worked together or independently of
each other

page_text: We, THE GAS PATENTS SYNDICATE LIMITED of 37 Walbrook in the City of
London, Minufacturers do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the sume is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascert uned
in and by the following statement
This invention relates to an improvement in kilns for firing bricks, tiles and like
materials, and has for its object to facilitate the introduction of the materials into
the kiln and removal therefrom, and to provide for a uniform firing in different parts
of the kiln
We will describe the construction and arrangement of hiln with reference to the
drawings accompanying the Provisional Specification, in which similar letters of
reference indicate corresponding parts in the various Figures
Fig 1 is a longitudinal central sectional elevation
Fig 2 is a sectional plan on the line XX of Figure 1
Fig 3 is a cross sectional elevation
Fig 4 is an enlarged side elevation of one of the trucks by which the bricks are
moved into and removed from the kiln-ovens
Fig 5 is a
plan of the truck
Fig 6 is a' perspective view of one of the brick-crates carried by the trucks
Fig 7 is a plan of a modified form of kiln
Fig 8 is a sectional elevation of the same
In the kiln shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, parallel side walls A are erected on a flat
foundation B, and the enclosure is covered by a roof C, forming an arc ide-like baking
oven, the ends of which are adapted to be closed, when bricks are to be baked
therein, by walls D, all the building material used being necessarily of a refractory
fire-proof nature
A longitudinal sunken trench E is formed centrally in the foundation B, which
trench extends the entire length of the kiln and has through its top a number of
openings F, which can be opened or closed, in this instance, in purs, by sliding
dampers G provided with handles G₁ projecting outside the kiln A flue I is con-
structed beneath the floor of the kiln leading from the side of the trench E for its
entire length, and narrowing outward to a chimney I'
Within the tapering part of the lateral flue I there is an ur chamber J, with which
are connected air ducts J' opening above the ground beyond the side of the kiln
The air chamber J is also connected with an ur duct J, extending transversely
beneath the hiln and leading at either end into the interior of the kiln through the
lower parts of the side-walls A and bafflers K are interposed in the ur chumber J
between the air ducts J¹ and J³ to compel the ur to the a circuitous course in pissing
from the one duct to the other

page_text: Longitudinal partitions L a little within the side wills A, terminate little below
the root C forming longitudinal combustion chambers opening at the top into the
interior of the kiln In the bottom of each combustion chamber is an ur pipe M
extending the entire length and connected with the end of the transverse ur duct J",
and within each pipe M, which his at its upper si le series of buiner tubes M³ is
arranged a gas tube M² provided on its upper side with a series of jets corresponding
to the burner tubos M¹
The upright partitions Lire provide with openings I at different heights arranged
to be regulited from outside the kiln by dumper slides L³ connected by rods L³ with
handles L projecting through the side-walls A
On the floor of the kiln are laid rails or tricks N on which trucks O, shown in
Figures 4 and 5, can be run into or out of tne kiln These trucks are mude of
refractory metal such as steel they are loaded outside the kiln with the brick to be
baked, then run into the kiln in a number sufficient to fill it whereupon the kiln is
closed at the ends
The
Fuel gis being admitted to the gas tubes M³, and lighted at the burner tubes M³,
air is driwn in through the air ducts J¹, air chimber J, air duct J, ar pipes M and
the burner tubes M¹, where it mixes with the gas and produces very hot flames
hot products of combustion rise in the side combustion chambers and pass from their
tops into the oven, then downwards circulating uniformly among the bricks through
the openings F, into the central trench E, and finally out by the flue I to the
chimney I
By properly adjusting the dampers G, the bricks at different points of the kiln can
be kept at a uniform temper iture, and likewise, by a proper adjustment of the partition
dampers L', the bricks at different heights can be uniformly biked
The roof provided with dumper flues P by which a sudden excess of temperature
can be readily relieved, and thermostat gauges are arranged at suitable points to
indicate the temperature of the various parts of the kiln
When the bricks are sufficiently baked, the kiln is opened and the trucks ○ are
wheeled out with their londs of baked bricks
As shewn in Fig 4 the trucks may have two sets of wheels, a set O¹ detachable
and a set O' arranged to run on vertically adjustable ruls N' in the kiln
Before moving the loaded truck into the kiln, the wheels O' which would be liable
to injury can be removed and the truck run in on the wheels O' which are more
strongly and coarsely made
The truck is provided with standards P¹ to receive between them steel crates P
which have perforated bottoms and latticed side walls and partitions to expose the
bricks which they contain thoroughly to the heat of the kiln Each crite P' his a
hinged door P to facilitate the packing and removal of the bricks
The hot gases pissing out of the flue I around the chamber J heat the ur which is
delayed therein by the bafflers and which goes to supply the burners in the combustion
chambers
In the form of kiln shown in Figures 7 and 8 four kilns C similar to that above
described are arranged around a common gas reservoir or generitor Q, and the
duplicated escape flues I chimneys I and air ducts J J as well as the gas tubes M²
and surrounding air pipes M of all are connected and provided with valves or
dampers, so that the four kilns can be worked together or independently of each
other
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is
1-A kiln provided on each side with longitudinal combustion chambers open at the
top and having distributed side openings governed by dampers, a central longitudinal
escape trench in the bottom of the kiln with damper openings, an escape flue from
the trench, air ducts leading to gas burners in the combustion chambers and

page_text: passages for heating the air by conduction from the escape flue substantially as
described
2-The arrangement of several brich hilns of the kind above referred to around a
central gis producer, with their gas tubes, air supply pipes and flues connected
and valved so that any one or more of the kilns can be worked substantially as
described
3-A brick truck having its mun wheels detachable and smaller auxiliary wheels
arranged to run on rails at higher level than the mun wheels substantially as and
for the purpose set forth
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants