Improvements in Pack Saddles.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Jan., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 25th Sept., 1899-Accepted, 2nd Mar., 1900
Improvements in Pack Saddles.
We, ARCHIBALD MATHESON Ross, Gentleman, residing at Berhampore, in the
Ganjam District, Madras Presidency, and EDWARD LENNON CANTWELL, Con-
sulting Engineer and Patent Agent, of 5, Old Post Office Street, Calcutta,
British India, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in pack saddles which improvements
are intended to remedy certain defects in the saddles at present in use which
cause galls and sores on the animal's back, thereby disabling it for work for the
time being. The improved saddle is also lighter, more substantial and the
parts less liable to absorb moisture (which adds to its weight) besides giving a
resiliency to the load, that renders the work easier and lighter for the animal.
In the drawings hereunto annexed and which are to be read as part of this
specification like letters are used to indicate like parts in each figure.
Fig. 1 Represents a top view or plan of an improved pack saddle having the
saddle-tree bars corrugated transversely or laterally, the whole being stamped out
of one sheet of metal.
Fig. 2 Shows a rear end view of same, the right, half in section, and the left
half in elevation.
Fig. 3 Shows to an enlarged scale a portion of Fig. 1 marked a, b, c and d.
Fig. 4 Shows a section of Fig. 3 on A, B.
Fig. 5 Represents a plan of one side of the improved pack saddle, the arch
and bars being corrugated longitudinally and stamped out of one sheet.
Fig. 6-Shows a rear end view of same.
Fig. 7 Is a section of Fig. 5 on C D.
Fig. 8-Shows a section in part of a plate bar of wood or iron with tube panel
attached.
Shortly stated the improvements are:-
1-To pad the underside of the plain saddle-tree bars in use at present,
whether of wood or metal with elastic or resilient tubing, suitably attached
thereto said tubing being laid-on either transversely or longitudinally.
2 To make the saddle-tree bars, of sheet steel, aluminium or other suitable
metal and to corrugate the same either in a lateral or longitudinal direction,
and housing the resilient tubing in the underside of the corrugations.
3-To form the corrugations for this purpose preferably of unequal radii
alternately, that is, the arches to house the tubing to have a greater radius than
the adjoining valleys, which receive the lashings for attaching the resilient pad
or panel to the corrugated bar.
4 The method of forming the ridge arch and side bars out of one sheet of
metal, whether the corrugations are transverse or longitudinal.
5 The method of using a detachable ridge arch corrugated transversely or
longitudinally whether the side bars are corrugated transversely or longitudinally..
Looking at the drawings Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 show the improved pack saddlę.
with the side bars and ridge arch corrugated transversely and the whole stamped

page_text: out of a sheet of thin steel or aluminium a head or hem of one or more laps being
turned in on the edges all round before the corrugation is effected, E and E
represent the side bars and F the ridge arch, G and G¹ are two metal bows pre-
ferably of a tee section with bars H and H¹ through which they are attached to
the corrugated bars E and E¹. T represents the resilient tubing, confined in
casing R of leather and canvas and housed in the corrugation, the panel or pad
being lashed up to the channels of the minor corrugations S.
In this form of saddle as the corrugated arch F spans the ridge and thereby
takes up nearly the whole of the load pressure, the metal arches G and G
carrying the load hooks J and other attachments may be made as light as
possible so as not to add to the total weight of the saddle. In fact the lightest
of angle or tee sections will do, attached to front and rear ends of the bars.
The alternatives in the construction of this saddle tree are:-(1) a stout leather
ridge arch may be substituted for the metal one and suitably attached to upper
edge of side bars:-(2) the metal arch may be made, detached and independent
of the side bars to which it can be attached by rivets:-(3) a longitudinally
corrugated arch may be used instead of one transversely corrugated. In the
case of 1 and 3, the bow arches G and G' will have to be strong and stiff, so as
not to be liable to bend under the load.
In the alternative method of constructing the saddle shown in Figs. 5, 6 and 7
the saddle-tree (arch and bars) is corrugated longitudinally the whole being
stamped out of one sheet of metal the edges all round being beaded prior to its
corrugation. In this form the metal bow arches G and G¹ with thin bars H
and H are of the stiff pattern and may be of an angular section.
The alternatives in this form of construction are:-(1) the ridge arch may
be of stiff leather and (2) the ridge arch may be corrugated transversely and
the side bars longitudinally.
In Fig. 6 the tee section metal arch G₁ is shown with a tie rod K connecting
its ends with a link L hitching it up to the crown of the arch but if the metal is
stiff enough these two may be dispensed with.
The bars H¹ of the tee section, arch G¹ are shown attached to a plate M which
is rivetted to the crown of the corrugations. The upper leather N is shown in
connected parts, the edges being doubled, forming a flat border all round to the
corrugated bars and may be attached thereto by lashings or rivets. When desired
however and when a thin padded panel is used to face it, it may be in one sheet
and taken under the elastic tubing, and in either case it may be padded at its
lower end to g as shown in Figs. 2 and 6 with small tubing laid either trans-
versely or longitudinally. The rings O are to take the breeching straps, P the
shoulder straps and Q the girth straps, only two load hooks J are shown at
each end, but if required more may be added on bars H and H.
The resilient tubing under the bars may be of any desired diameter, but
probably one to two inches will be found the most convenient. When rubber tubes
are used they may consist of cloth and rubber combined so as to be a little stiffish
but not too much so, nor on the other hand too flexible which would allow of
their collapsing. When thin resilient sheet steel tubing is used, the sheet
should be perforated all over before being rolled into a cylinder and the edges
joined up by any suitable means, after which they are dipped in liquid rubber
one or more times to give them an anticorrosive coating, a cloth (canvas) cover
being added to prevent abrasion.
In making the panel or pad to be fitted under the side bar whether corrugated
or plain the tubing is first fitted between two layers of stout canvas and a bottom
lining is added as a wearing surface of strong but soft and pliable leather which
is lashed up taut to the tubes and canvas so as not to leave a wrinkle in it when
it comes in contact with the animals back, when no extra panel is used.
the panel or pad is completed it is lashed up taut to the valleys in the corru-
gations by means of stout lashings. The small tubing attached to the skirt of
leather N may be fitted in a similar manner. In Fig. 6. the tubes are shown as
After

page_text: having a diameter of (11") one and half inches and project a little more than
half their depth below the under side of the corrugations. When the tubes are
fitted transversely to the underside, of a side bar made of wood, it may be
recessed to receive and nest the top surface of the tubing which after being made
up into a pad or panel in the manner described above, may be attached and
secured to the bar by nails or screws instead of lashings see Fig. 8.
1000
F. W. GOLBY,
36, Chancery Lane, Patent Agent for the Applicants.
We, ARCHIBALD MATHESON Ross, Gentleman, residing at Berhampore, in the
Ganjam District, Madras Presidency, and EDWARD LENNON CANTWELL, Con-
sulting Engineer and Patent Agent, of 5, Old Post Office Street, Calcutta,
British India, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement: -
This invention relates to improvements in pack saddles. In the pack saddle
at present in use the side bars are of wood which is perfectly rigid and the
stuffing of the pads or panels attached to the bars after a short time of service
becomes soddened and lumpy, which combined with the rigidity of the bars
speedily result in galls and sores on the animals back thereby disabling it for
work for the time being.
1
In this improved pack saddle, springs are introduced between the animals back
and the load on the side bars, which renders the work of the animal easier and
lighter, as the load instead of being as at present a rigid dead weight will have a
resilient springiness, that will lessen to a considerable extent the labor entailed
by the carriage of the load, and as a result of the resiliency and the allowing of
a free current of air to play between the lines of the spring tubes, galls and
sores on the animals back will rarely occur. Further the saddle being con-
structed of durable materials not liable to absorb moisture will stand exposure
in all weathers and will be found particularly suitable for field service.
In the drawings hereunto annexed and which are to be read as part of this
specification like letters are used to indicate like parts in each figure.
.
Fig. 1-Represents a top view or plan of an improved pack saddle having the
saddle-tree bars corrugated transversely or laterally.
Fig. 2 Shows a rear end view of same, the right half in section, and the
left half in elevation.
Fig. 3-Shows to an enlarged scale a portion of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 Shows a section of Fig. 3 on A. B.
Fig. 5 Represents a plan of one side of the improved pack saddle, the arch
and bars being corrugated longitudinally.
Fig. Shows a rear end view of a saddle with the bars corrugated longi-
tudinally.
Fig. 7-Is a section on the line C. D. of Figure 5.
Fig. 8-Shows sections in part of plain bars of wood and iron with a spring
tube panel attached to each.
Fig. 9 Shows a modification of the invention.

page_text: Shortly stated, the improvements are:-
1. To pad the underside of the plain saddle-tree bars in use at present, whether
of wood or metal, with elastic or resilient tubing, suitably attached thereto, said
tubing being laid on either transversely or longitudinally.
2. To make the saddle-tree bars of sheet steel, alluminium, or other suitable
metal, and to corrugate the same either in a lateral or longitudinal direction, and
housing the resilient tubing in the underside of the corrugations.
3. To form the corrugations for this purpose, preferably of unequal radii,
alternately, that is, the arches to house the tubing to have greater radius than
the adjoining valleys, which receive the lashings for attaching the resilient pad
or panel to the corrugated bar.
4. The method of forming the ridge arch and side bars out of one sheet of
metal, whether the corrugations are transverse or longitudinal.
5. The method of using a detachable ridge arch corrugated transversely on
side bars corrugated longitudinally, or with side bars corrugated transversely
a ridge arch corrugated longitudinally.
Looking at the drawings, Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 show the improved pack saddle
with the side bars and ridge arch corrugated transversely, and the whole stamped
out of sheet iron or alluminium, a bead or hem of one or more laps being
turned in on the edges all round, before the corrugation is effected. After the
sheet iron saddle-tree is completed it should then be galvanized. E and E¹
represent the corrugated side bars, and F the ridge arch made in one piece,
therewith; G and G¹ are two metal bows, preferably of a tee section and pro-
vided with bars H and H¹, which bars are attached by rivets or bolts to a base
plate M which is rivetted to the corrugated side bars E and E see Fig. 3 & 4;
T represents the resilient tubing, confined in casing R of leather or canvas, and
with a bottom layer of felt and the whole housed in the corrugations of the side
bars E and E¹ the panel or pad being lashed up to the channels of the minor
corrugations S.
In this form of saddle, as the corrugated arch F spans the ridge and thereby
takes up nearly the whole of the load pressure, the metal arches G and G¹ carrying
the load hooks J and other attachments, may be made as light as possible, so as
not to add to the total weight of the saddle. In fact, the lightest of angle or tec
sections will do, attached to front and rear ends of the bars.
The alternatives in the construction of this form of saddle-tree are:-(1) a
stout leather ridge arch may be substituted for the metal one and suitably
attached to upper edge of side bars; (2) the metal arch may be made detached
and independent of the corrugated side bars, to which it can be attached by
rivets; (3) a longitudinally corrugated arch may be used instead of one trans-
versely corrugated. In the case of (1) and (3) the bow arches G and G¹ will
have to be strong and stiff, so as not to be liable to bend under the load.
In the alternative method of constructing the saddle shown in Figures 5, 6
and 7, the saddle-tree (arch and bars) is corrugated longitudinally, the whole being
stamped out of one sheet of metal, the edges all round being beaded prior to its
corrugation. In this form the metal bow arches G and G with their bars H
and H and base plates M are of the stiff pattern, and may be of an angular
section.
The alternatives in this form of construction are:-(1) the ridge arch may be
of stiff leather; and (2) the ridge arch may be corrugated transversely, and the
side bars longitudinally.
The bars Hand H₁ of the bows G and G¹ are preferably made T section and
are shown attached to a plate M, which is rivetted to the crown of the corru-
gations of the corrugated side bars E and E. The leather N is shown as all
in one piece the edges being doubled, forming a flat border all round and the
corrugated bars may be attached to said leather N, by lashings or rivets and the
same lashings will answer for attaching the edges of the resilient panel or pad
all round to the edges of the side bars." The rings are to take the breeching

page_text: straps, the shoulder straps, and Q the girth straps; only two load hooks J are
shown at each end, but if required, more may be added on bars H and H'.
The resilient tubing under the bars may be of any desired diameter, but
from one to two inches will be found the most convenient. When expense
is no consideration rubbing tubing may be used having a mixture of cloth in it
to stiffen it but it has a very short life in a hot climate. For economy and
durability therefore the tubing which may have a circular or oval section, should
be made of spring steel preferably either wire or a narrow ribbon coiled spirally
into the section desired and before closing the ends which should be tapered or
rounded off, the inside is lined and the outside is covered with suitable cloth, both
being stitched together all round in the interstices between the coils of metal;
then the ends may be closed, after which it is desirable that the tube be steeped
in a waterproofing solution. To finish off, an outer cover preferably of flexible
leather or skin, should be laid on to the tubes, and the ends closed with a lashing
or stitching. In stitching the lining of the tube and its cover together, it will
facilitate the operation if a tin cylinder is inserted in the tube to keep the cloth
taut up to the metal spring. This form of resilient tube will be found durable
and inexpensive.
When thin resilient sheet steel tubing is used, the sheet should be perforated
all over before being rolled into a cylinder, and the edges joined up by any
suitable means, after which they are dipped in liquid rubber one or more times
to give them an anticorrosive coating a leather cloth or other cover being added
to prevent abrasion.
In making the panel or pad to be fitted under the side bars E and E¹ whether
corrugated or plain as shown in Figure 8, the tubing is first fitted between two
layers of canvas with a filling of felt on the underside, outside of which may be
a skin or a light canvas R as a wearing surface. After the panel or pad is com-
pleted it is lashed up taut to the valleys in the corrugations, or to the plain
bars by means of stout lashings and its edges all round lashed or otherwise
attached to the edges of the bar as above described.
In Fig. 6 the tubes are shown as having a diameter of (14in.) one and half
inches, and project a little more than half their depth below the underside of
the corrugations. When the tubes are fitted transversely to the underside of a
side bar made of wood, the said side bar may be recessed to receive and nest the
top surface of the tubing, which, after being made up into a pad or panel in
the manner described above, may be attached and secured to the bar by nails or
screws instead of lashings. See Figure 8, and designated X.
The skirt f to g (see Figs. 2 and 6) of the underside of the leather N may be
padded with small tubing and felt as an undersurface or with felt only, or with
an ordinary ribbed panel,-Tubes are shown in the drawings.
As shown in Fig. 4 the underside of the upper leather N is padded preferably
by one or more sheets of felt c to the underside of which a wearing surface of
cloth or pliant soft leather d is attached. The lower margin of N is also padded
from tog with spring tubing similar to that above described but of smaller
diameter. When the panels are completed they are attached to the saddle-tree
bars by any suitable means, but preferably by lashings w so as to allow of their
being easily detached. When the bars are corrugated longitudinally and with
or without crown F the saddle tree and panels are constructed and attached to
each other in a similar manner to that above described. Fig. 9 is a side view
showing the panel having the corrugated bar E3 attached and forming its upper
surface the saddle tree having no crown F and its side bars E' of wood or sheet
metal, corrugated or plain, being attached to the panels by means of straps and
buckles hon upper leather N the ends of which straps are passed through slits J
in bar E the lower edge of which bar E rests in clips K fixed on the corrugated
bar E3. The saddle tree in this arrangement is entirely independent of and can
be instantly detached from the panels.
A rod m on each side connects the front and rear arches, the girth straps Q are

page_text: doubled, the loops are passed round a countersunk catch barn and brought
out under the lower edge of bar E, as shown.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, we declare that
what we claim is:-
1. In a pack saddle the plain side bars or plates, whether of wood or iron, con-
structed with a pad or panel consisting of elastic or resilient tubes attached to
their underside, substantially as described.
2. In a pack saddle the side bars E and E¹ of sheet steel, alluminium or other
suitable metal corrugated either transversely or longitudinally, and having at-
tached thereto and housed in the underside of the corrugations a pad or panel of
resilient tubing, substantially as above described.
3. In a pack saddle the side bars E and E of sheet metal corrugated either
laterally or longitudinally, said corrugations having unequal radii, as above
described.
4. In a pack saddle the manner of making the ridge arch and side bars out of
one sheet of corrugated metal, whether said corrugations are in a transverse or
longitudinal direction, substantially as above described.
5. In a pack saddle an independent metallic ridge arch F corrugated either
transversely or longitudinally, attached by suitable means to the upper edge of
side bars E and E¹, whether said side bars are corrugated in a lateral or longitu-
dinal direction, substantially as herein before described.
6. In a pack saddle pads or panels made of metallic resilient tubing as herein-
before described.
Dated this 05th daw of Cantamham 1900
F. W. GOLBY,
Patent Agent, 36, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicants.