Improvements in and Fittings connected with Casement and Sash Windows, and such-like Structures.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Sept., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 17th July, 1891-Accepted, 5th Sept., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Fittings connected with Casement and Sash
Windows, and such-like Structures.
We, JAMES HIRD, of 7 Panmure Row, and JOHN ALEXANDER FORD, of
18 George Street, both in Montrose, Forfarshire, Builders, do hereby declare the
nature of our invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to and comprises new or improved modes and means of
securing the moving frames of casement and sash windows, and such-like structures,
in their fixed frames, and in special fittings connected therewith, for facilitating
ventilation, with security of non-entrance from the outside; and also of swivelling
in the sashes of casement and sash windows for the cleaning of the glass in the
inside of the house with safety to the servants or window cleaners; being improved
developments of the inventions for which Letters Patent were granted to the
present applicants No. 2799 Feb. 24, 1888, and No. 7225 May 15 1888.
The improvements consist first and more particularly in checking the moving
under lower casement or sash into the outer main frame so that this sash slides and
joints up against the inner edge of this check wind and water-tight in line with the
central parting bead between this sash and the upper outer moving sash or case-
ment. In this way the inner batten rod is entirely dispensed with, so that this
inner sash can be raised up above its checked sill and swivelled into the house on
any of the improved swivelling hinged supports as described and shown in reference
to the Specification of the said former Patent No. 7225 May 15 1888, without the
obstruction of a batten rod.
A further improvement consists in hanging the upper outer sash by its chains
moving up and down within a vertical groove cut or formed in the main fixed frame
of the window, instead of in the moving sash frame as heretofore, and having fixed
to the lower outer end of the chain a catch stem sliding in the said groove, with a
projecting flange and pin on it carrying the sash frame, the pin being inserted into a
knee plate secured on the lower end of one of the stiles of the sash frame, or
vice versa the pin might be in the knee plate, so that this catch stem can be removed,
or the sash raised up off it, and swivelled in to the inside of the apartment on a
hinge or hinges secured in the other stile of the sash frame and in the fixed frame
of the window at that side when this sash is brought down to its lowest position, all
as hereinafter described. The lower end of this coupling and carrying catch bolt
of the chain has a square catch projecting out on it, rounded on its under side
which takes into a slotted notch in the upper end of a spring striking plate, which
is rounded for the under side of the catch to act on it, while it is secured by screws
at its lower end to and over the chain slot in the fixed frame of the window; so
that as the upper sash is drawn down, this catch presses out the upper end of the
spring striking plate and allows the catch to enter its slot and take hold of the bolt
on the lower end of the chain, and automatically retain it and the weight on the
chain while this outer sash is freed from it and swivelled into the apartment, as
described, in its lowest position in front of the under sash; the chains being within
the recess for them in the fixed frames form no obstruction to the swivelling in or
out of the sash in this way; and when the window frame is closed again it is brought
down on the carrying catch at the lower end of the chain, and the spring striking
plate drawn out by its upper curved end to free the catch and allow the sash to be
pushed up and carried by the chain and weight again. For the purpose of so
swivelling in this upper outer sash of the window in its lowest position, the central
parting beads or batten rods between the two sashes are cut away at the lower part
of the window on both sides, that is, at some little distance under the top rail of the

page_text: inner lower sash, leaving them perfect as usual at the upper part of the window to
form a guide and security for the sash sliding in the upper part of the frame for
giving ventilation from the top where it can be secured by the ordinary means,
either when the sashes are shut or when open.
A further improvement consists in screwing on to the swivelling in stile left
attached to its chain, a single hinged part projecting out preferably near the lower
end, or it might be at both the lower and upper ends, with swivelling stems on these
to take into bored holes either in vertical or horizontal supporting levers mounted
on plates screwed on to the fixed frame part of the window, and which might fall
out by their own gravity or be picked out by the finger nail or otherwise, or be
pulled out and pushed in by a small finger lever or projection near the fulcrum, as
a footstep for the said pivot joint and window frame to swivel in on. Or instead
of the pivot being screwed on the window sash and the bored footstep lever on the
fixed frame, these might be reversed, that is, the pivot could be secured on the
fixed frame and the bored footstep lever and its plate be fitted on the window frame
when that was preferred. These footstep levers would also be fitted to the lower
part of the fixed frame in line with the lower swivelling hinged parts of the inner
lower window frame for this to swivel in on also. And to fix this lower window
sash frame in its closed position, a new or improved plate would be fitted or sunk
into the face of the fixed frame of the window, with a wedge or angled shaped groove
in it, so that a pin projecting from a plate sunk in the edge of the lower stile of the
window when this was closed, would take into the groove in the fixed plate, and the
act of pushing down the lower sash would tighten this stile of the window close up
against its check in line with the central parting bead, so as to prevent wind or
water getting in, and keep the window sash from vibrating. And as a corresponding
protection at the hinged side, a projecting bead lath would be secured in the centre
of the check in the fixed frame; and a groove up the centre of the sash stile would
take over this, and so tighten the hinged stile up against its check, and thus prevent
wind and water entering by this checked part of the window sash when closed.
Dated the 17th September 1890.
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Fittings connected with Casement and Sash
Windows, and such-like Structures.
We, JAMES HIRD, of 7 Panmure Row, and JOHN ALEXANDER FORD, of
18 George Street, both in Montrose, Forfarshire, Builders, do hereby declare the
nature of our invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement in writing,
that is to say :-
Our invention has reference to and comprises new or improved modes and means
of securing the moving frames of casement and sash windows, and su h-like
structures, in their fixed frames, and in special fittings connected therewith, for
facilitating ventilation, with security of non-entrance from the outside; and also of
swivelling in the sashes of casement and sash windows for the cleaning of the glass
in the inside of the house with safety to the servants or window cleaners; being
improved developments of the inventions from which Letters Patent were granted
to the present applicants No. 2799 Feby. 24 1888 and No. 7225 May 15 1888.
And in order that our said invention and the manner of performing or carrying
the same into effect or practice may be properly understood, we have hereunto
appended an explanatory sheet of drawings in which the same reference letters are
used to indicate corresponding parts in all the figures where shown. Figure 1
represents an inside front elevation, partly in section, of a window and window
frame, as constructed in accordance with one arrangement of our improvements,
with a lower and inner casement window frame A mounted on hinges a, and an

page_text: upper and outer sliding sash window frame B, all mounted in a fixed frame Z.
While Figures 2 and 3 represent edge sectional views looking on the right and left
hand sides of the window respectively. Figures 4 and 5 represents transverse
horizontal irregular sections to an enlarged scale corresponding to Figures 2 and 3.
And Figures 6 to 13 represent enlarged detail views hereinafter referred to.
Referring to these drawings:-The improvements consist, first, and more
particularly in checking the moving under lower casement or sash A at a, into the
sides of the under main fixed frame Z so that this sash A slides and joints up
against the inner edge of this check at a², wind and water-tight in line with the
inner side of the central parting bead C between this sash A and the upper outer
moving sash or casement B. In this way the inner ordinary batten rod is entirely
dispensed with so that this inner sash A can be raised up above its checked sill Z¹
of the frame Z and swivelled into the house, as indicated in Figure 1, on any of the
improved raising and lowering swivelling hinged supports a and as described and
shown in reference to the Specification of the said former Patent No. 7225
May 15 1888, without the obstruction of a batten rod. That is in lifting the
window A, by the handles A" until the movable parts a of the hinges secured to
this window A. are raised above the tilting out lever supporting part a' of the hinges
secured to the front frame and which preferably falls out by its own weight from its
fulcrum without the use of a spring as soon as the hinged part is lifted past it to
support the weight of the window, as indicated in Figure 3.
A further improvement consists in hanging the upper outer sash B by its chain b
passing over pulleys B2 and moving up and down within a vertical groove B' cut or
formed in the main fixed frame Z of the window, preferably on the right hand side
or opening side, instead of in the moving sash frame B as heretofore, but it might
be in the frame B on the left hand or hinged side, and having fixed to the lower
outer end of the chain b a catch square stem 6¹ shown to a large scale in side and
edge view Figure 6 and in front view Figure 64, sliding in the said groove B¹,
with a projecting flange and pin " on it carrying the sash frame B at this right
hand side, by a knee bush piece c shown in side elevation and plan to a large scale
in Figure 7, the pin 6" being inserted into this knee plate c secured on the lower
end of the stile of the sash frame B, or vice versa the pin might be in the knee
plate c so that this catch stem b¹ can be removed, or the sash raised up off it, and
swivelled in to the inside of the apartment on a hinge or hinges secured on the left
hand side or stile of the sash frame B and in the fixed frame Z of the window at
that side when this sash is brought down to its lowest position, all as hereinafter
described. The pivot part d of the hinge shown in one form to a large scale in side
and edge view in Figure 8, and in the general views Figures 1 and 3, is shown
screwed to the left hand side of the frame Z, under the batten rod C, and the other
part d' of the hinge is mounted to swivel in a grooved plate d" screwed to the left
hand side of the moving sash B, so that when this is pulled down on its hanging
chains the part d' is swivelled by hand out of the plates to take on to the fixed
swivel pins & screwed to the side frame Z, as shown to a large scale in front view
and side section in Figure 9; and a spring d, may be used for the purpose of
keeping the swivelling supporting lever d' in its open and closed positions. Or
vice versa, instead of the swivelling supporting lever d' mounted in its plate ¹¹ being
screwed on the stile of the moving frame B Figure 9, this might be screwed to the
fixed side frame Z of the window, and the pivot plate d Figure 8, be screwed to
the moving frame of the window, both in inverted positions and act all in an
equivalent manner, the pin d resting on the supporting lever d¹. The lower end
of the coupling and carrying catch bolt of the chain b Figure 6 has a square
catch projecting out on it, rounded on its under side, which takes under a
slotted notch on the inner side of a hanging finger lever 63 mounted in a frame b*
screwed by side lugs to the right hand side of the main frame Z over the lower
part of the groove B¹ as seen particularly in Figures 1 and 2, the weight of the
catch lever causing it to fall on to the catch 6, but an equivalent spring.striking
plate, might be used for the under side of the catch 6₁ to act on it similarly

page_text: secured by screws at its lower end to and over the chain slot B' in the fixed frame
of the window; so that as the upper sash B is drawn down, this catch ² presses
out the catch lever 63 and enters the slot under the catch 3 which holds the bolt b¹
on the lower end of the chain b down, and automatically retains it and the weight 6x
on the chain b while this outer sash B is freed from it and swivelled into the apart-
ment as described on its swivel hinges d d shown in Figures 8 and 9, in its
lowest position below the short parting beads C C, in front of the under sash A.
The chain b being within the recess B for it on the right hand side in the fixed
frame Z forms no obstruction to the swivelling in or out of the sash B in this way;
and when the window frame is closed again it is brought down on to the carrying
pin 6 at the lower end of the chain b, and the catch lever ³ disengaged by its
lower curved end 11, to free the catch and allow the sash B to be pushed up
and carried by the chain b and weight b× again. For the purpose of so swivelling
in this upper outer sash B of the window in its lowest position, the central parting
beads or batten rods C C, between the two sashes A, B, are cut away at the lower
part of the window on both sides, that is, at some little distance above or under
the top rail A2 of the inner lower sash A, leaving these parting rods C, C, perfect
as usual at the upper part of the window to form a guide and security for the
sash B sliding in the upper part of the framing Z for giving ventilation from the
top where it can be secured by the ordinary means, either when the sashes are shut
or when open.
To fix the lower window casement frame A in its closed position, indicated in
Figure 2, a new or improved plate e shown in side and edge view in Figure 10, is
fitted or sunk into the moving frame A of the window as shown in Figure 1 with a
lateral and vertical angled or bayonet shaped groove ¹ in it, so that a pin ell
projecting from a plate e², shown to a large scale in Figure 11, screwed to the side
frame of the window Z would take into the groove e in the plate e, when the
window was closed, and the act of pushing down the lower sash A into its recessed
sill Z', would make the pin el enter the vertical part of the slot el and tighten this
stile of the window close up against its check a² in line with the central parting
bead, so as to prevent wind or water getting in, and keep the window sashi frame
from vibrating. Or vice versa the plate e e Figure 10 might be screwed to the
side Z of the fixed frame Z of the window frame, and the plate and stud e² ell,
Figure 11, be screwed to the edge of the moving casement window A. And as a
corresponding protection, a bead a³ may be secured on the front closing edge of
the window frame A, entering a corresponding groove in the check a² of the
fixed frame; or a projecting bead lath a³ may be secured in the centre of the
check in the fixed frame Z; and a corresponding groove up the centre hinged
edge of the sash A takes over this and so tightens the edges of the sash close up
against its check, and thus prevent wind and water entering by this checked part
of the window sash when closed as indicated at a³ in Figures 4 and 5. Figures 12
and 13 show side and edge views of attachments for securing the free ends of the
supporting ropes or chains of the weights quickly and easily to the window frame B
at the hinged side. As indicated in dotted lines in Figure 12, the end of the rope b
supporting the window frame B at the hinged side, is inserted through a hole at the
upper end of the catch piece f, and the knot formed to lie in the hollow at f', or
it might be a knob or nut on the end of the chain; while the lower end is formed
with a lateral knee and button or head at 2 which enters a hole fl at the
lower end of a slot in the plate 3 Figure 13 which is screwed in the
hinged edge of the window frame B, so that this may be easily detached from
the end catch of the rope or chain, and the window sash removed from its fixed
frame Z when that is desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
First. The construction, or arrangement and combination of the parts of case-

page_text: ment and sash windows and such like structures, with checking, hanging, and
operating fittings, substantially as and for the purposes herein described, in reference
to and shown in the accompanying drawings.
Second. In casement and sash windows and such like structures, the checking
of the moving lower casement or sash into the outer main frame, substantially as
and in the manner and for the advantages herein described in reference to and by
way of application shown in the accompanying drawings.
Third. In casement and sash windows and such like structures, the hanging of
the upper outer sash by its chains moving in a vertical groove in the main fixed
frame, and with a catch stem sliding in said groove, and retaining and actuating
fittings, substantially as and in the manner and for the purposes herein
described, in reference to and by way of application shown in the accompanying
drawings.
Fourth. In casement and sash windows and such like structures, the construction
and use of footstep levers pivots and plates, for swivelling these into the apart-
ments, substantially as and in the manner herein described in reference to and
shown in the accompanying drawings.
Fifth. In casement and sash windows and such like structures, the construction
and use of plates with grooves and operating pins for fixing the lower window
casement in its closed position, substantially as and in the manner herein described,
in reference to and shown in the accompanying drawings.
1 T 1
1001
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.