IMPROVEMENTS IN SLATES FOR COVERING ROOFS AND WALLS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Browne, of the Firm of Browne and Company,
Patent Agents, of 5, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SLATES FOR COVERING
ROOFS AND WALLS." A communication from abroad by Alfred Lehrkind, of
Haspe, Westphalia, in the Empire of Germany.
Sealed the 11th January 1878, and dated the 19th July 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Browne at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th July 1877.
ALEXANDER BROWNE, of the Firm of Browne and Company, Patent Agents, of
5, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVEMENTS.
IN SLATES FOR COVERING ROOFS AND WALLS." (A communication from abroad
by Alfred Lebrkind, of Haspe, Westphalia, in the Empire of Germany.).
The object of this Invention is to enable slates to be applied for roofing and wall-
covering purposes in a manner similar to that of roofing tiles which are hung on
wooden laths. For this purpose slates are, according to this Invention, fitted with
pegs or lugs of any desired or required form, fastened thereto by a suitable cement,
all as herein-after described.
The lugs may be similar to the lugs on ordinary roofing tiles, and may have a
groove for receiving a spike for further security. The lugs are made of burnt
pottery ware or similar material, and are cleaned where they are to be cemented,
and the slates are similarly cleaned.
The cement used for fixing the lugs consists of about sixty parts finely ground
slate, about sixty parts fine sand (or, by preference; white sand made red hot and
cooled in water), about eight parts burnt plaster of Paris, and about four parts
pulverized fine rosin; these substances are well mixed with about thirty parts of
water glass or natron water glass, and about three parts of tar in order to make it
plastic. This cement being put on the parts are united by pressure. The cement
joint is then exposed for about two hours to an acid bath, consisting of about two
T

page_text: parts of muriatic acid (H Ce) and about seven parts of water, together with
pulverized marble, to saturation, and is then exposed to drying in the air. In
about three days, more or less, according to the weather, the cement is set so far
that the slates can be placed together and exposed to heat in an oven, the heat being
no greater than the slate can stand without damage to its consistency. The slates 5
having cooled down slowly they are fit for use.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Alexander Browne in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th
January 1878.
ALEXANDER BROWNE, of the Firm of Browne and Company, Patent Agents, of
5, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SLATES FOR COVERING ROOFS AND WALLS." (A communication from abroad
by Alfred Lehrkind, of Haspe, Westphalia, in the German Empire.)
The object of this Invention is to enable slates to be applied for roofing and wall-
covering purposes in a manner similar to that of roofing tiles which are hung on
wooden laths. For this purpose slates are, according to this Invention, fitted with
pegs or lugs of any desired or required form, fastened thereto by a suitable cement,
all as herein-after described.
The lugs may be similar to the lugs on ordinary roofing tiles, and may have a
groove for receiving a spike for further security. The lugs are made of burnt
pottery ware or similar material, such as natural stone or cement, and are cleaned
where they are to be cemented, and the slates are similarly cleaned.
The cement used for fixing the lugs consists of about sixty parts finely ground
slate, about sixty parts fine sand (or, by preference, sand made red hot and cooled
in water), about eight parts burnt plaster of Paris, and about four parts pulverized
rosin; these substances are well mixed with about thirty parts of water glass or
natron water glass, and about three parts of tar, in order to make it plastic for a
longer time. This cement being put on the parts are united by pressure. The
cement joint is then exposed for about two hours to an acid bath, consisting of
about two parts of muriatic acid (H Cl) and about seven parts of water, together
with pulverized or broken-up marble, to saturation, and is then exposed to drying
in the air. In about three days, more or less, according to the weather, the cement
is set so far that the slates can be placed together and exposed to heat in an oven,
the heat being as great as the slate can stand without damage. The slates having
cooled down slowly they are fit for use.
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawings are shewn some examples of tiles made
with lugs fastened on according to this Invention.
Figures 1 and 1 being respectively plan and side view of one form; Figures 2
and 2, and Figures and 6, similarly of two other forms; Figures 3 and 3ª
similarly of another, fitted with extra lugs a, a, for preventing lateral displacement
in case of only single overlapping.
'
Figures 4 and 5 shew other forms of tiles, and so also Figures 9 and 9ª, and 10
and 10ª.
Figures 7 and 8 shew broad tiles with two lugs each.

page_text: And having thus described and ascertained the nature of this Invention, I declare
that I claim, the application of lugs, pegs, or other projections to roofing slates for
the purpose of making them suitable for roofing in a manner similar to that of
roofing tiles, as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Browne, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Nineteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
ALEX BROWNE. (L.S.)