An Improved Process of and Apparatus for Incorporating Dissolved and Suspended Substances into Paper, Cardboard, or Pasteboard in Long Sieve or Cylinder Machines.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 9th July, 1897-Accepted, 4th June, 1898
An Improved Process of and Apparatus for Incorporating Dissolved
and Suspended Substances into Paper, Cardboard, or Pasteboard
in Long Sieve or Cylinder Machines.
I, HERMANN SCHULTE, of Vienna, IX, Wahringerstrasse, No. 37, in the Empire
of Austria, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:―
For the purpose of impregnating paper, cardboard or paste board with glue,
chemicals or other materials, these substances are ordinarily mixed in an agitator
or pulp mill with the fibrous substances. As these latter contain about 95 per
cent. of water and 5 per cent. of dry fibre and their treatment in paper or paste
board machines necessitates a considerable additional quantity of fresh water,
the added substances arrive in a very diluted condition and a great part of them
is lost whilst the mixture is being freed from water by passing through the sieve,
suction apparatus and couching presses. On the average about 46 to 60 per cent.
of solid suspended bodies such as china clay, blanc fixe and sulphate of baryta
remain behind in the manufacture and also from 20 to 30 per cent. of the liquids
such as animal glue, cooked starch and salicyclic acid.
This loss may be considerably diminished when the materials in question are
added to the matted fibrous mass upon the machine when the operation of removing
the water is in an advanced stage. This is the case after the action of the
pressure rollers has taken place, when the proportion of water is 80 per cent. and
of dry fibre 20 per cent. or even more behind the last wet press.
This invention relates to a process for incorporating dissolved or suspended
substances into paper or paste board in long sieve or cylinder machines in such
a manner that the liquid in which these substances are dissolved or suspended is
applied to the layer of fibre which has been dried to some extent by couching or
wet pressing but which is still wet, by means of rollers, pads or a spraying device
whereupon the material is caused to pass between pressure rollers.
In the accompanying drawings are represented various constructional forms of
apparatus adapted for carrying out this process, it being here assumed that the
incorporation of these substances in the fibrous layer takes place in one of the wet
presses of the machine, which at the same time serves for freeing the fibrous layer
from water. It will, however, of course be understood that this incorporation or
impregnation may take place at any part of the machine between the pressure
rollers and the last wet press or even behind this latter.
Figure 1 represents a wet press, consisting of the rollers P1 P2 between which
the wet paper which rests upon the felt cloth f runs, for the purpose of being
further freed from water. The impregnation of this paper is effected by means
of the impregnating liquid contained in the vessel 6 which liquid is taken up by
the roller carried by the conveying sheet t¹ onto the roller P³ whence it is
transferred to the fibrous layer p into which it is forced.
In the arrangement shown in Figure 2, the liquid is supplied through the small
round cornered or slit shaped openings in the piper passing along the roller P³,
first of all upon the said roller, (such supply being regulated by means of the
cock v), and then comes into contact with the fibrous layer p owing to the

page_text: rotation of this roller. The impregnation is more uniformly effected if a permeable
tissue is wound around the pipe r, the end of this tissue lying upon the roller P³,
as the liquid is then uniformly spread over the roller P2 owing to capillary action
or the liquid may be thrown either directly on the paper p or on the roller P2 by
a sprayer or atomizer x.
Figure 3 shews a so called upright wet press. The impregnating liquid divides
itself between the rollers P2 and and is transferred from the roller P² onto the
paper p. As the paper passes this press reversed, it is impregnated both upon
its left and right sides, that is to say the paper passes through the vertical wet
press in a vertical direction and through the horizontal wet press as shown in
Figure 2 in a horizontal direction. Therefore in passing from a horizontal wet
press as shown in Figure 2 to a vertical one as shown in Figure 3 the paper is
reversed and hence by the consecutive action of both presses the paper is impreg-
nated both upon the left and right sides. A similar impregnation of both sides is
obtained by bringing the wet felt into contact with a roller w¹ lying in the vessel b,
as this roller w¹ carries the liquid, the quantity of which may be regulated by
means of the scraper s, to the blanket f whence it is transferred to the paper p.
In the arrangement, shewn in Figure 4 the liquid first reaches a roller w through
wicks or strips of fabric, and then spreads over the inner side of the upper blanket f.
The transfer of the liquid to the paper takes place during the joint passage of
the felt f and of the paper 2 between the rollers P1 and 12. In Figure 6 the
impregnating liquid comes over the scraper s¹, which is parallel with the roller P²,
upon the roller P2, and passes over from P2 upon the paper 2. The scraper
consists of a blade of wood or metal located parallel to the roller and having or
not attached to that of its edges which is in proximity to the roller surface a piece
of fabric such as plush or a narrow brush extending along the roller. In order
to prevent the liquid applied to such scraper from escaping laterally at the ends
of such scraper these ends may have secured to them guard plates fitting as tightly
as possible the surface of the roller. The same result may be obtained by placing
between the ends of the scraper and the roller surface clumps of some plastic
inaterial such as clay, pulp or the like.
Figure 5 shews a method of effecting the delivery of the impreg
nating liquid from the vessel b to the paper » by means of the
transmission rollers and w, whilst in Figure 5 the impregnating liquid is
carried from the vessel b by means of a roller w directly upon the roller P.
Figure 7: the wetting of the fibre is effected by means of a roller brush w
which is immersed in the vessel band is in contact with the roller P2.
Figure 8: Over the roller P2 is arranged the vessel in which are immersed
threads or a strip of porous fabric t. The apparatus is capable of being arranged
rearwards (behind 1) so that the liquid reaches the fibre before this latter
passes the rollers P1 and 12.
Besides the devices above described a pulverising or spraying device is also
adapted for effecting the object in view. This pulveriser, as shown in Figure 2,
directs the impregnating liquid in a finely divided spray either upon the fibrous
layer or upon the roller P2 as already stated, or upon a sheet of felt f as shown
in Figure 4, such sheet travelling with the paper through a pair of rollers P¹ P².
Although it is advantageous to make use of the water removing rollers of the
wet press for the purpose of impregnating at the same time, yet this operation may
also be carried out, if, as shewn in Figure 2^, instead of the roller P2 another
roller is employed as impregnating roller, such roller being either simply in
contact with the fibrous layer or covered with a felt or metal fabric; likewise
when, as above referred to, the impregnation is affected behind the wet presses
by means of the devices already described. As the fibre in consequence of having
been submitted to a vigorous pressure for removing the water has become closer,
it can be carried in an unsupported condition without using the conveying
blanket to the impregnating roller.
The following serve to regulate the quantities of liquid used for impregnating

page_text: purposes; the cocks or valves v, which are shewn arranged to act directly in
Figures 2, 3, and 6, and indirectly in the arrangement represented in Figures 4, 5, 7,
and 8 through the variation of the level of the liquid in the vessel b; also the
adjustable scrapers in Figures 1, 2, 24, 5 and 6, the regulable spreading roller w in
Figure 3, and also the variable pressure of the press roller w³ in Figure 1.
The scrapers s besides regulating the quantity of impregnating liquid also
serve for uniformly distributing it along the roller, they may be of any known
or preferred construction.
In order not to allow the impregnating liquid which issues from the box k
Figures 1 and 3 on the employment of pressure with the pair of rollers P¹ P³ to
be wasted, it may either be used for the solution of fresh impregnating materials
or allowed to mix with the liquid fibrous mass used for continuing the process.
This invention is adapted for the incorporation of the following impregnating
materials into paper or paste board.
The substances employed in sizing paper card-board or paste board namely
vegetable and animal glue, starch, albumen, dextrin, vegetable gum, vegetable
mucilage, oil, wax and fatty solutions, the charging materials koalin
earth blanc fixe steatite or soap stone and gypsum, also preserving substances or
chemicals having an antiseptic action.
Salicyclic acid, carbolic acid, sulphurous acid, oxalic acid and their salts,
chlorate and nitrate combinations, zinc salts sodium chloride, calcium chloride,
magnesium chloride, glycerine creosote and camphor.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. A process for mixing paper, card board and paste board on long sieve or
cylinder machines with liquid sizing materials, solutions of substances having an
anti-septic action and also with suspended earths in which these uniformly dis-
tributed substances are brought into contact with the already matted fibre by
means of rollers, fabric or threads or in a sprayed condition.
2. For carrying out the process described in Claim 1, an apparatus for uniformly
behind or in
distributing the impregnating liquids hereinbefore mentioned on,
front of the wet presses, that is to say:-
(a) According to Figure 2 by openings provided in the supply-piper arranged
along the roller 1 by which openings the impregnating liquid is supplied to the
said roller.
(b) Transferring the liquid to the impregnating roller by the distributing
rollers w, as shown in Figures 3 and 7, or by the distributing scraper s' as shown
in Figure 6, or by fabrics and threads t as shown in Figures 2 and 8.
(c) The fabrics f passing through and coming into contact with the wet paper
between the rollers P1, P2 as shown in Figure 3 after having been previously wetted
by the supply roller w¹.
(d) According to Figure 5* a roller or cylinder P2 wetted with the impregnating
liquid, and with which the wet paper is brought into contact.
(e) According to Figure 2 a spraying apparatus x which sprays the liquid
either directly upon the wet paper or upon the rollers coming into contact with
the paper.
HASELTINE LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.