AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF SAFETY LAMP FOR MINERS
Year: 1885

page_text: I RICHARD PURDY of Kiveton Park near Sheffield in the County of York
Miner do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for "AN IMPROVED
CONSTRUCTION OF SAFETY LAMP FOR MINERS" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved and more simple construction of safety
lamp for miners' use, the objects of my present invention being the attainment of
greater simplicity than hitherto in the general construction of the lamp, more
perfect safety in use, combined with affording a superior light to that given from
the miners' lamps now used, and more perfect security against the lamp being
tampered with or a light being obtained therefrom.
My improved safety lamp is made as follows:-the upper portion of the lamp
above the glass (or glasses when two are used) is constructed of a suitable number
of upright metal rods which are screwed or otherwise secured at their bottom ends
to a brass or strong metal rim and they are rivetted or secured at their top ends to
a strong metal plate or cap to which is attached a ring to hold the lamp by.
There is a cylinder made of suitable metal which is securely flanged or hammered
onto the brass or metal rim at the bottom and to the metal plate or cap at the top.
Inside the cylinder and at a short distance from the top a horizontal metal plate is
fastened to the cylinder in which plate is a row of holes perforated near its.outer
edge leaving the centre portion of the plate solid so as to cause the products of
combustion when rising up the chimney or tube of the lamp to impinge against
the solid part of the plate and spread before rising through the holes in it, the
products of combustion from thence passing into an escape chamber or space
at the top and escaping through the holes in the top of the cylinder. The
horizontal perforated plate is placed at a regulated distance from the top of the
gauze, it acts as a regulator of the draught through the lamp so that there is
always one regular current passing through either in slow or quick currents and
there is ample room for the escape of the products of combustion even in a com-
paratively still atmosphere, and in very high velocities or currents the air passes
through the holes round the top of the cylinder above the horizontal plate (or
which may be termed a false top) and the air does not carry away the products of
combustion any quicker than when in slow currents; thus when the lanp comes
in contact with an explosive mixture of air and gas, as in a few seconds sufficient
gas will get inside the lamp to form an explosion and the products of combustion

page_text: or the carbonic acid which is the result of the explosion that has taken place inside
the lamp cannot escape as in other lamps, hence the flame of the lamp goes quite
out at the first explosion which takes place inside the lamp and there is afterwards
no burning at all of the gas inside the lamp.
In the metal rim or circular flange at the bottom of the cylinder to which it is
fastened a row of holes is made to allow of the passage of air in an upward
*direction to support the flame. The cylinder acts as a break draught the holes
being made for the purpose of admitting sufficient air to support the flame and to
allow of the escape of the products of combustion, to regulate the draught through
the lamp in quick or strong currents, and to admit sufficient air.
:
The gauze cylinder used in this improved lamp is similar in construction to the
gauze cylinders in general use but it is made slightly cone-shaped; at the bottom
of it there is a metal ring or ferrule which has a raised flange made so as to slide
inside the gauze cylinder thus making a more perfect joint.
A ring of brass or other suitable metal is provided made with a flange which
rests on the top of the lamp glass and forms a base for the top of the same, this
ring is perforated with holes, the perforated portion being covered with a piece of
gauze, the part having the gauze on is dropped inside the glass taking up as much
room as possible so as to reduce the space where the first explosion takes place
in the lamp; it is so arranged that the air does not pass directly onto the flame and
the gas does not burn near the glass, thus there is no fear of the glass breaking
should the gas burn inside the lamp for a few seconds at the bottom of the ring
which comes a short distance down the inside of the glass. There is a cone or other
suitably shaped tube or chimney and either bell-shaped or straight which can also
be made to receive a second glass if required, and it is made of suitable size in
length and diameter.
If only one glass be used the ring will take the place of the horizontal gauze
used in lamps of the Mueseler type, but in such lamps the gas burns under the
gauze and cracks the glass, the gas will burn while there is any supply, seldom
going out. If two glasses are used a flange will be made to receive the top of the
inner glass and also a ferrule which is cone shaped in the inside and it comes.
immediately over the top portion of the flame and keeps it in the centre of the
glass and from coming in contact with it. The ferrule is fitted on the bottom of a
cone or other shaped tube or chimney made of brass or other suitable metal.
One or two glasses can be fitted to and used in this construction of lamp, if two,
the outer one is surrounded with a suitable number of metal rods which are
screwed or secured at their bottom ends to the lower part of the lamp which is
screwthreaded on the inner side to receive the screwthreaded ring or ferrule.
This ferrule is screwed in after the outer glass is put in its place to keep the large
gauze cylinder, the ferrule at the bottom of it the perforated ring which drops
inside the glass or the horizontal gauze diaphragm the cone-shaped chimney and
the small ferrule, securely in their places.
The ferrule or rim at the bottom of the outer glass is screwthreaded both
outside and inside.
When two lamp glasses are used the inner or smaller glass is made of suitable
size very thin and very hard, of a suitable length and well annealed, so that it
does not break when the flame comes in contact with it.
At the bottom of the inner or small glass there is a small ring or ferrule. which
has in it a row of holes; which holes are covered with a strip of gauze and the
ferrule is Hanged to receive the bottom of the inner glass and is also screw-
threaded to screw onto the inner side of the large ferrule and screw the inner glass
tightly to the brass ferrule at the top, thus making a perfect joint, by which the
action of the natural spring of the horizontal gauze diaphragm is brought into use
and prevents the glass being screwed so tightly as to break. At the bottom of the
inner glass is a raised cone which extends a short distance above the wick tube,
its purpose
is to guide the air upon the flame to make a more perfect combustion,
it also prevents the flame from coming in contact with the glass. This cone is

page_text: fixed either on the perforated brass or gauze ring at the bottom of the small glass,
but at a proper distance from the top of the wick tube or it can be fixed on the
extinguisher or on the oil vessel or reservoir.
The small ferrule or ring which screws in after the small glass is put in its place
is so shaped as to have fixed in it an india rubber or other flexible ring or washer
which is kept in its place by a screw threaded ferrule, the flexible ring or washer
has a hole through its centre and forms as it were a stuffing box to receive the
extinguisher. The extinguisher is made smooth on its inside and is slid on the
wick tube which also is smooth, the extinguisher is made of a suitable length so
as to provide a sufficient cooling material to put out the flame of the lamp when
the wick tube is passing down it and it is made of such a size in diameter as to
pass tightly through the flexible ring or stuffing box. The extinguisher is grooved
on its outside about three quarters of the way up from its bottom end so that
when the oil vessel or reservoir is screwed in, the extinguisher will rise through
the hole in the flexible ring or stuffing box, the grooved portion is made to pass
through smoothly when moving upwards but when pushed up into its place the
flexible ring or stuffing box-binds tight on to the grooved portion of the extinguisher
thus keeping it in its place and so effecting the locking of the lamp without the
aid of any spring, bolt, or other locking device.
.
The oil vessel or reservoir is made so as to burn gasoline or any highly volatile
spirit oil or any other suitable oil; it is tapped or screwthreaded on its outside
and has a wick tube screwed into its centre which can readily be taken out
or replaced. A hole is made through the top of the vessel or reservoir to fill
it by. A piece of gauze is soldered on under the hole to keep out any dust or dirt
and to prevent the contents of the vessel taking fire should it happen to get in
contact with a flame or light. A lid is fitted to turn on the top of the hole
and is so constructed as to be easily removed when the vessel or reservoir requires
replenishing and it is tight fitting when put in its place.
The lower part of the lamp below the glass (or glasses) and to which the rods
surrounding the glass are screwed is made as a kind of metal shell having at its
top a shoulder on the inside which is screw-threaded to receive the screw-threaded
ferrule that holds the lamp glass in its place; or if there are two glasses then the
larger of the two ferrules." A portion at the bottom of the shell is screwthreaded
inside to receive the oil vessel or reservoir. The middle portion of the inside of
the shell and between the shoulder at the top which is screw-threaded and the
screwthreaded portion at the bottom, is hollowed out so as to leave an annular
space all round the vessel when it is screwed into its place in the lamp and this
hollowed middle portion of the shell is perforated or not as may be desired with
holes round its outer part.
The holes round the shell and the annular space between the vessel and the
shell are for the purpose of admitting a current of air over and round the vessel to
carry away any spirituous vapour which might arise from the vessel, and which
does arise in other lamps and collects or forms an explosive vapour of itself, the
air also passing round and over the vessel keeps it cool thus preventing the
spirituous vapour rising so quickly as to form a gas and carries it away at once.
The air which passes through the perforations in the middle part of the lower'
portion of the lamp does not pass into the lamp to support the combustion at all,
as the extinguisher which is slid on the wick tube of the vessel passes through the
flexible ring or stuffing box and shuts off all communication from the outside or
any possibility of air entering the lamp in that direction to support combustion.
The light in the lamp is regulated by screwing the vessel up or down.
This lamp cannot be opened without unscrewing the vessel which action
simultaneous and completely extinguishes the light, the wick tube being made to
pass down the inside of the extinguisher to such a degree as will cause the
immediate extinction of the flame. When the vessel is screwed out of the lamp
the extinguisher can be taken out by the thumb and finger and it will be slid on
to the wick tube, when the lamp is then ready for lighting. The unscrewing

page_text: arrangements of this lamp and for moving or taking out the extinguisher are so
simple that no locking or unlocking mechanical appliances are required.
The air enters into the lamp through the holes in the metal rim at the bottom
of the cylinder then through the gauze cylinder and through the horizontal gauze
diaphragm or perforated gauze ring inside the lamp glass (or down between the
two glasses when two are used) where it gets well heated in its passage, then
through the gauze ring at the bottom of the small glass and it is thence directed
upon the flame by the cone above the wick tube. The air being heated in its
passage through the various parts of the lamp assists in creating a quick draught.
The cone at the bottom of the lamp glass (or of the smaller or inner glass when
two are used) and the cone at the top keep the flame in the centre of the glass
and do not allow the flame to touch it even if the lamp gets turned on one side,
and the combustion is so complete that the glass does not get blackened when the
flame is turned on it nor does it break the glass.
When the oil vessel or reservoir is once screwed into its place in the lamp it is
not possible for any one to obtain a light from the lamp, or to take the vessel out
again without first extinguishing the light.
When only one lamp glass is used the large ferrule which screws in after the
glass is placed has the flexible ring or washer securely fixed in it as described with
reference to the small ferrule which screws into the lamp after the small glass is
placed when two glasses are used, also the ring which drops inside the glass will
not be made with a flange to receive the small glass but of a bell or other shape at
the bottom of the cone shaped tube or chimney, which will come immediately over
the top of the flame and will keep the flame from coming near the glass, and
combustion will commence at the top of the flame.

page_text: I RICHARD PURDY of Kiveton Park near Sheffield in the County of York Miner
do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION
OF SAFETY LAMP FOR MINERS" and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
in writing, and on reference to the accompanying sheet of drawings, that is to
say:―
This Invention relates to an improved and more simple construction of safety:
lamp for miners' use, the objects of my present invention being the attainment of
greater simplicity than hitherto in the general construction of the lamp, more
perfect safety in use, combined with affording a superior light to that given from
the miners' lamps now used, and more perfect security against the lamp being
tampered with or a light being obtained therefrom.
My improved safety lamp is made as follows:-the upper portion of the lamp
above the glass (or the glasses when two are used) is constructed of a suitable
number of upright metal rods which are screwed or otherwise secured at their
bottom ends to a brass or strong metal rim or ring and they are rivetted or
secured at their top ends to a strong metal plate or cap to which is attached a ring
to hold the lamp by.
There is a cylinder made of suitable metal which is securely flanged or hammered
onto the brass or metal rim or ring at the bottom and to the metal plate or cap at
the top. Inside the cylinder and at a short distance from the top a horizontal
metal plate is fastened to the cylinder in which plate is a row of holes perforated
near its outer edge leaving the centre portion of the plate solid so as to cause the
products of combustion when rising up the chimney or tube of the lamp to impinge
against the solid part of the plate and spread before rising through the holes in it,
the products of combustion from thence passing into an escape chamber or space at
the top between the two plates and escaping through the holes in the top of the
cylinder. The horizontal perforated plate is placed at the necessary distance from
the top of the gauze, it regulates the draught through the lamp so that there is
always one regular current passing through either in slow or quick. currents, and
there is ample room for the escape of the products of combustion even in a
comparatively still atmosphere and in very high velocities or currents the air
passes through the holes round the top of the cylinder above the horizontal plate,
(or which may be termed a false top,) and the air does not carry away the
products of combustion any quicker than when in slow currents; thus when the
lamp comes in contact with an explosive mixture of air and gas, as in a few
seconds sufficient gas will get inside the lamp to form an explosion and the products
of combustion, or the carbonic acid which is the result of the explosion that has
taken place inside the lamp, cannot escape as in other lamps, hence the flame of
the lamp goes quite out at the first explosion which takes place inside the lamp
and there is afterwards no burning at all of the gas inside the lamp.
In the metal rim or circular flange or ring, at the bottom of the cylinder to
which it is fastened a row of holes is made to allow of the passage of air in an
;

page_text: upward direction to support the flame. The cylinder acts as a break draught the
holes being made for the purpose of admitting sufficient air to support the flame
and to allow of the escape of the products of combustion, to regulate the draught
through the lamp in quick or strong currents, and to admit sufficient air to support
combustion in a comparatively still atmosphere.
The gauze cylinder used in my lamp is similar in construction to the gauze
cylinders in general use but it is made slightly cone shaped; at the bottom of it
there is a metal ring or ferrule which has a raised flange made so as to slide inside
the gauze cylinder thus making a more perfect joint.
A ring of brass or other suitable metal is provided made with a flange which
rests on the top of the lamp glass and forms a base for the top of the same, this
ring is perforated with holes, the perforated portion being covered with a piece of
gauze, the part having the gauze on is dropped inside the glass taking up as much
room as possible so as to reduce the space where the first explosion takes place in
the lamp; it is so arranged that the air does not pass directly onto the flame and
the gas does not burn near the glass, thus there is no fear of the glass breaking
should the gas burn inside the lamp for a few seconds at the bottom of the ring
which comes a short distance down the inside of the glass. There is a cone or
other suitably shaped tube or chimney made either bell-shaped or straight which
can also be made to receive a second glass if required, and it is made of suitable
size in length and diameter. If only one glass be used the ring will take the
place of the horizontal gauze used in lamps of the Mueseler type, but in such lamps
the gas burns under the gauze and cracks the glass, the gas will burn while there
is any supply, seldom going out.
If two glasses are used a flange will be made to receive the top of the inner glass
and also a ferrule which is cone-shaped in the inside, and it comes immediately
over the top portion of the flame and keeps it in the centre of the glass and from
coming in contact with it. The ferrule is fitted on the bottom of a cone or other
shaped tube or chimney made of brass or other suitable metal.
One or two glasses can be fitted to and used in this construction of lamp, if two
the outer one is surrounded with a suitable number of metal rods which are
screwed or secured at their bottom ends to the lower part of the lamp which is
screwthreaded on the inner side to receive the screwthreaded ring or ferrule. This
ferrule is screwed in after the outer glass is put in its place to keep the large gauze
cylinder, the ferrule at the bottom of it, the perforated ring which drops inside the
glass or the horizontal gauze diaphragm, the cone-shaped chimney, and the small
ferrule, securely in their places.
The ferrule or rim at the bottom of the outer glass is screwthreaded both outside
and inside.
L
When two lamp glasses are used the inner or smaller glass is made of suitable
size, very thin and very hard, of a suitable length and well annealed so that it does
not break when the flame comes in contact with it.
At the bottom of the inner or small glass there is a small ring or ferrule which
has in it a row of holes which holes are covered with a strip of gauze and the
ferrule is flanged to receive the bottom of the inner glass and is also screwthreaded
to screw onto the inner side of the large ferrule and screw the inner glass tightly
to the brass ferrule at the top thus making a perfect joint, by which the action of
the natural spring of the horizontal gauze diaphragm is brought into use and
prevents the glass being screwed so tightly as to break. At the bottom of the
inner glass is a raised cone which extends a short distance above the wick tube,
its purpose is to guide the air upon the flame to make a more perfect combustion,
it also prevents the flame from coming in contact with the glass. This cone is
fixed either on the perforated brass or gauze ring at the bottom of the small glass,
but at a proper distance from the top of the wick tube, or it can be fixed on the
extinguisher or on the oil vessel or reservoir.
The small ferrule or ring which screws in after the small glass is put in its place
is so shaped as to have fixed in it an india rubber or other. flexible ring or washer

page_text: which is kept in its place by a screwthreaded ferrule, the flexible ring or washer
has a hole through its centre and forms as it were a stuffing box to receive the
extinguisher.
.
The extinguisher is made smooth on its inside and is slid on the wick tube
which also is smooth; the extinguisher is made of a suitable length so as to
provide a sufficient cooling material to put out the flame of the lamp when the
wick tube is passing down it and it is made of such a size in diameter as to pass
tightly through the flexible ring or stuffing box. The extinguisher is grooved or
screwthreaded on its outside about three quarters of the way up from its bottom
end so that when the oil vessel or reservoir is screwed in, the extinguisher will rise
through the hole in the flexible ring or stuffing box the grooved portion is made to
pass through smoothly when moving upwards but when pushed up into its place
the flexible ring or stuffing box binds tight on to the grooved portion of the
extinguisher thus keeping it in its place and so effecting the locking of the lamp
without the aid of any spring bolt or other locking device; and in order to prevent
the oil vessel or reservoir from being taken away or detached from the lamp the
old screw lock can be applied and used or an arrangement of bolt and plug as
-hereafter described and shown on the drawing.
The oil vessel or reservoir is made so as to burn gasoline or any highly volatile
spirit oil or any other suitable oil; it is tapped or screwthreaded on its outside and
has a wick tube screwed into its centre which can readily be taken out or replaced..
A hole is made through the top of the vessel or reservoir to fill it by. A piece of
gauze is soldered on under the hole to keep out any dust or dirt and to prevent
the contents of the vessel taking fire should it happen to get in contact with a
flame or light. A lid is fitted to turn on the top of the hole and is so constructed
as to be easily removed when the vessel or reservoir requires replenishing and it is
tight fitting when put in its place.
1
The lower part of the lamp below the glass (or glasses) and to which the rods
surrounding the glass are screwed is made as a kind of metal shell having at its
top a shoulder on the inside which is screwthreaded to receive the screwthreaded
ferrule that holds the lamp glass in its place; or if there are two glasses then the
larger of the two ferrules. A portion at the bottom of the shell is screwthreaded
inside to receive the oil vessel or reservoir. The middle portion of the inside of
the shell and between the shoulder at the top which is screwthreaded and the
screwthreaded portion at the bottom, is hollowed out so as to leave an annular
space all round the vessel when it is screwed into its place in the lamp, and this
hollowed middle portion of the shell is perforated or not as desired with holes
round its outer part.
:
The holes round the shell and the annular space between the vessel and the shell
are for the purpose of admitting a current of air over and round the vessel to carry
away any spirituous vapour which might arise from the vessel and which does
arise in other lamps and collects or forms an explosive vapour of itself; the air
also passing round and over the vessel keeps it cool thus preventing the spirituous
vapour rising so quickly as to form a gas and carries it away at once.
The air which passes through the perforations in the middle part of the lower
portion of the lamp does not pass into the lamp to support the combustion at all,
as the extinguisher which is slid on the wick tube of the vessel passes through the
flexible ring or stuffing box and shuts off all communication from the outside or
any possibility of air entering the lamp in that direction to support combustion.
The light in the lamp is regulated by screwing the vessel up or down.
This lamp cannot be opened without unscrewing the vessel from the body of
the lamp which action simultaneously and completely extinguishes the light the
wick tube being made to pass down the inside of the extinguisher to such a degree
or distance as will cause the immediate extinction of the flame.
When the vessel is screwed out of the lamp the extinguisher can be taken out
by the thumb and finger. and it will be slid onto the wick. tube, when. the lamp
is then ready for lighting. The unscrewing arrangements: of this lamp and for

page_text: :
moving or taking out the extinguisher are so simple that no locking or unlocking
mechanical appliances are required for that purpose.
The air enters into the lamp through the holes in the metal rim at the bottom
of the cylinder then through the lower part of the gauze cylinder and through
the horizontal gauze diaphragm or perforated gauze ring inside the lamp glass
(or down between the two glasses when two are used) where it gets well heated
in its passage, then through the gauze ring at the bottom of the small glass and
it is thence directed upon the flame by the cone above the wick tube. The air
being heated in its passage through the various parts of the lamp assists in creating
a quick draught. The cone at the bottom of the lamp glass (or of the smaller or
inner glass when two are used) and the cone at the top keep the flame in the
centre of the glass and do not allow the flame to touch it even if the lamp gets
turned on one side and the combustion is so complete that the glass does not get
black when the flame is turned on it nor does it break the glass.
When the oil vessel or reservoir is once screwed into its place in the lamp it is
not possible for any one to obtain a light from the lamp or to take the vessel out
again without first extinguishing the light.
When only one lamp glass is used the large ferrule which screws in after the
glass' is placed has the flexible ring or washer securely fixed in it as described with
reference to the small ferrule which screws into the lamp after the small glass is
placed when two glasses are used, also the ring which drops inside the glass will
not be made with a flange to receive the small glass but of a bell or other shape
at the bottom of the cone-shaped tube or chimney which will come immediately
over the top of the flame and will keep the flame from coming near the glass and
combustion will commence at the top of the flame.
:
In order that the practical carrying out of my said invention may be more fully
understood I have illustrated it on the accompanying sheet of drawings and have
marked the same with Figures and letters of reference corresponding with those
in the following description thereof.
In Figure 1, which is a sectional view of my improved lamp as adapted for
burning gasoline or other spirit oil and having only one glass, a, is the oil vessel
b, the extinguisher c, the stuffing box to receive the extinguisher, which stuffing
box is attached to the ring that screws in after the glass. d, is the glass, e, the
flexible ring, f, the cylinder or covering for the upper part of the lamp above the
glass. g¹, g, are the rods round the glass and g³, g, are the rods round the gauze
cylinder h; and 2, is the tube or chimney which carries away the products of
combustion. i, is the gauze strip fitted round the perforated ring j¹, which drops
inside the glass, and 12, is the cone-shaped inside part of the ring j¹. k, is the shell
or lower part of the lamp to which the oil vessel a, is screwed and is perforated
in its middle portion. ', is a raised flange fixed to the oil vessel which allows the
locking bolt or screw to work in the flange and this allows the oil vessel a, to be
lowered to regulate the flame of the lamp. 2, is the ring or ferrule which slides
inside the gauze cylinder h³, which makes a more perfect joint. t¹, is the flange
which is more plainly shown in Figure 3, and t2, is the top plate of the lamp to
which the ring is fixed to carry the lamp by. m, is the horizontal plate which is
fastened to the cylinder.f, and has a row of holes round it h³, near its outer edge.
n, shows one method of securely locking the lamp by a bolt, and n², is a lead plug
for plugging or stamping and securing the same. o, is the wick tube which is
screwed to the spirit vessel or reservoir.
In Figure 2, is shown a plan of the horizontal plate m, of the lamp shown in
Figure 1, the middle or centre part is solid the row or circle of perforated holes
being near its edge through which the products of combustion escape into the top
part of the lamp and thence through the row or circle of holes in the top of the
cylinder f, f, of Figure 1.
Figure 3, shows: more plainly the flange t¹, of Figure 1, to which the cylinder f,
is flanged or hammered and the rods fixed which surround the glass and gauze
also the gauze slidės, and the ferrule which makes a more perfect. joint and into

page_text: 7
which the perforated ring j¹, drops inside the glass and forms a base or place for the
top of the glass to rest on.
In Figure 4, which is in section ;', is the ring which is perforated and 2, is the
top of the inside cone. i, is the strip of gauze which is tightly fitted round the
ring and over the perforated holes. h³, is the straight tube attached to the top of
the small cone; this tube being straight and reduced in diameter as much as
possible so as to allow of the escape of the products of combustion from the ordinary
Hame of the lamp, but should the lamp come in contact with any gas the flame
enlarges and the tube cannot carry off the increase of the products of combustion,
hence the carbonic acid falls back on and extinguishes the whole of the flame and
the gas inside the lamp when the first explosion takes place inside.
Figure 4a is another form, in section, of Figure 4; 1, is the perforated ring
and i, is the strip of gauze as described in reference to Figure 4. h³, is a conical
tube which is coned its whole length its outlet being about the same size as the
straight tube shown in Figure 4. This is shown so that either straight or conical
tubes can be used in my lamp. In Figure 5, 92, is the glass; s, is the ring which
is screwthreaded on its outer edge and screws in the lamp after the glass is put in.
cris the stuffing box; the flexible ring is shown in section at e, a hole being shown
through its centre to receive and allow the extinguisher to pass through.
In Figure 6, b, is the extinguisher, in section, it is smooth on its inside and has
a flange at its lower end to take it out of the lamp by; it is grooved on its outer
side about three quarters of the way up from the bottom the remainder being
straight or plain when the extinguisher passes through the flexible ring e, binds
tightly to the grooved part and keeps it fast in its place, and it cannot be taken
out of the lamp until the spirit vessel or reservoir is taken out which brings the
wick tube down the extinguisher and puts out the light.
Figure 7, shows, in section, the lamp vessel and its parts as arranged to burn
gasoline or any highly volatile spirit oil. a, is the spirit vessel or reservoir which
should be charged with sponge or cotton wool. When the lamp has been replenished
the spirit is emptied out leaving none in the vessel but what the sponge has
absorbed,
l, is a raised flange which the bolt or screw lock works in and which allows of
the spirit vessel or reservoir being lowered a short distance for the purpose of
regulating the light or flame of the lamp, but the vessel cannot be taken away
from the lamp until it is unlocked.
k, is the shell which is screwthreaded at its top end to receive the screwthreaded
ring which screws in the lamp after the glass, the shell is also screwthreaded on
its lower part to receive the spirit vessel or reservoir and is perforated in the
middle to allow air to pass over and round the top of the vessel, as shown by the
arrows, to keep it cool, and to carry up any vapour which may rise from the vessel.
o, is the wick tube which is screwed to the vessel and is mooth on its outside to
receive the extinguisher.
Figure 7a shows where the lower part or shell of the lamp is perforated at. k²,
the air that passes in this part of the lamp does not support combustion as it passes
over and round the vessel to keep it cool and to prevent the spirit from rising
too quickly when in warm places; this Figure also shows the position of the lock.
In Figure 8, two means of locking the lamp are shown. n, is the bolt which
is slid on a stud, a hole being made through the stud and through the bolt both
being brought opposite each other, and a lead plug n², is dropped through and then
stamped or sealed thus effecting the locking, n³, shows the locking effected by
the old screw lock arrangement, either of which means can be adopted as desired.
In Figure 9, h2, is the horizontal gauze diaphragm. 13, is the cone which comes
immediately over the top of the flame and to which is attached a straight tube,
this is a modified form of Figures 4, and 4a, that can be used when required.
.
In Figure 10, which is a sectional view of my lamp fitted with two glasses, a, is
the oil vessel the same as in general use for common lamp oil. d, is the large
glass, and d², the small one. q, is the perforated ring which screws in after the

page_text: small glass. i, is the strip of gauze tightly fitted round the perforated ring q;
r, is the cone fixed to the ring 9, which guides the air onto the flame and which
helps to keep the flame from coming in contact with the small glass d²; p, is the
cone. which comes immediately over the top of the flame and keeps it in the
centre of the glass. h2, is the horizontal gauze diaphragm which forms a kind of
natural spring when the small glass d², is being screwed up in its place. f, is the
cylinder or shell. h', is the large gauze cylinder. g¹, g¹, are the rods round the
glass or glasses. 81, is the ring or flange which is screwthreaded on its inside to
receive the ring 82, which is screwthreaded on its outside.
☐ Figure 11, shows in section the perforated ring, q, being the perforated portion,
i, is the strip of gauze which is tightly fitted round and over the perforated part
of the ring. r, is the cone which is attached to the ring and guides the air onto
the flame, when two glasses are used, and screws in the lamp after the second or
smaller glass.
In Figure 12, h, is the horizontal gauze diaphragm which forms a natural spring
for the small glass. p², is the cone which comes immediately over the flame
keeping it in the centre of the glass and to which can be attached a straight or
conical tube to carry away the products of combustion.
Figure 13, shows the ring or ferrule which is used to screw in after the large
glass and which can be used with one glass when the lamp is fitted or arranged to
burn common oil. 82, 82, are the screwthreads on the outside of the ring; and a³, 8³,
the screwthreads on its inside.
Figure 14, shows a lamp vessel adapted to burn common lamp oil. a, is the
oil receptacle and 83, 83, the screwthreaded parts to screw in the inside of the
screwthreaded ring 83, of Figure 13.
Figure 14 represents the same vessel as Figure 14, but shows the screwthreads 8³,
more plainly and as made to screw on the inside of the ring of Figure 13, when
one glass is used for common lamp oil, and by the use of this improved vessel the
light is raised in the glass and thus it gives a much better light and very much
reduces the shadows generally thrown by other lamps.
Figure 15, shows a method of locking the lamp by means of a lead plug.
n, shows the two flanges which are made to meet together having a hole through
each of them and coming opposite each other when the vessel is screwed up. n², is
the lead plug which is dropped or passed through thus keeping both parts firmly
together.
The arrows shown in Figure 1 of the drawings point out the directions in which
the air passes through the lamp, excepting the arrows at k, which indicate the
directions in which the air passes over and round the vessel or reservoir to keep it
cool. The arrows shown in Figure 10, indicate the directions in which the air
passes through the lamp when two glasses are used.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. The improved combination of parts and the general construction of safety
lamp with one glass, as shown at Figure 1, on the accompanying sheet of drawings
and substantially, as hereinbefore described.
2. The plate m, as shown at Figure 2, and as hereinbefore described.
3. The perforated ring j¹, the cone.j³, the gauze i, and the tube h³, as shown at
Figures 1, 4, 4, and 9, and as hereinbefore described.
4. The ring s, the stuffing box c, and the flexible ring e, as shown at Figure 5,
and as herein before described in reference to Figures 1 and 5.
5. The extinguisher b, as shown at Figure 6, and as hereinbefore described, and
in combination with the parts shown at Figures 5, 6, and 7.
6. The construction and arrangement of lamp vessel as shown at Figures 7, and 7*,
and as herein before described.

page_text: 7. The general construction and arrangement of my lamp when fitted with two
lamp glasses, as shown at Figure 10, and as hereinbefore described.
8. The perforated ring q, gauze i, and cone r, in combination, or not, with gauze
diaphragm h, and cone p, as shown at Figures 11 and 12, and as herein before
described.
9. The screwthreaded ring or ferrule s³, as shown at Figures 13, 14 and 14%; as
herein before described.