A PUMP OF A PARTICULAR SORT, WHICH IS WORKED BY A ROLL OR SHEAVE PLACED IN AN OPERTURE IN THE SPEAR THEREOF, BY WHICH MEANS THE SAID SPEAR IS KEPT IN A DIRECTION PERPENDICULAR TO THE CHAMBER, IN THE SIMPLEST MANNER POSSIBLE, AND HAD CONSTRUCTED LEAVERS SUITABLE FOR LARGE OR SMALL BORES, IN SUCH MANNER THAT THE SAID PUMP MAY BE WORKED EITHER SINGLE OR DOUBLE HANDED WITH THE GREATEST EASE; AND THAT I HAD ALSO CONSTRUCTED BRASS PISTONS AND BUCKETS IN SUCH A PARTICULAR MANNER THAT THE FLUID WILL ASCEND TO THE CHAMBER, AND MAY BE DRAWN UP WITH THE GREATEST FACILITY; ALL WHICH IS SO MANAGED AS TO BECOME OF GREAT UTILITY TO HIS SAID MAJESTY'S SUBJECTS
Year: 1769

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
AMBROSE, of Deptford, in the County of Kent, Ironmonger, send greeting.
WHEREAS I, the said Samuel Ambrose, did, by my Petition, humbly
represent to His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Third,
that I had, by long study and great expence, found out and brought to
perfection "A PUMP OF A PARTICULAR SORT, WHICH IS WORKED BY A ROLL OR
SHEAVE PLACED IN AN OPERTURE IN THE SPEAR THEREOF, BY WHICH MEANS THE SAID
SPEAR IS KEPT IN A DIRECTION PERPENDICULAR TO THE CHAMBER, IN THE SIMPLEST
MANNER POSSIBLE, AND HAD CONSTRUCTED LEAVERS SUITABLE FOR LARGE OR SMALL
BORES, IN SUCH MANNER THAT THE SAID PUMP MAY BE WORKED EITHER SINGLE
OR DOUBLE HANDED WITH THE GREATEST EASE; AND THAT I HAD ALSO CONSTRUCTED
BRASS PISTONS AND BUCKETS IN SUCH A PARTICULAR MANNER THAT THE FLUID
WILL ASCEND TO THE CHAMBER, AND MAY BE DRAWN UP WITH THE GREATEST
FACILITY; ALL WHICH IS SO MANAGED AS TO BECOME OF GREAT UTILITY TO HIS SAID
MAJESTY'S SUBJECTS;" wherefore, and in regard that I was the first and sole In-
ventor thereof, and that the same had not been hitherto used or put in practice
by any person or persons save myself, to the best of my knowledge and belief,
1 therefore most humbly prayed His said Majesty to grant unto me, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, His Royal Letters Patent for the sole
benefit and advantage of my said Invention, within that part of His said
Majesty's Kingdom of Great Britain called England, His Dominion of Wales,
and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, for the term of fourteen years, according

page_text: to the Statute in that case inade and provided; His said Majesty, being willing
to give encouragement to all arts and inventions which might be for the
publick good, was graciously pleased to condescend to my request, and there-
fore, by His Royal Letters Patent, bearing date at Westminster, the Fifth
day of May, in the ninth year of His reign, of His especial grace, certain
knowledge, and meer motion, for Himself, His heirs and successors, did
give and grant unto me, the said Samuel Ambrose, my executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, His especial licence, full power, sole priviledge and authority,
that I, the said Samuel Ambrose, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
and every of us, by myself and ourselves, or by mine and our deputy or
deputys, servants or agents, or such others as I, the said Samuel Ambrose,
my executors, administrators or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend my said Invention within that part of His Majesty's said
Kingdom of Great Britain called England, His Dominion of Wales, and
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, in such manner as to me, the said Samuel
Ambrose, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or any of us, should in
our discretions seem meet, and that I, the said Samuel Ambrose, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should and lawfully might have and
enjoy the whole profit, benefit, commodity, and advantage from time to
time coming, growing, accrewing, and arising by reason of the said Invention,
for and during the term of years therein mentioned, to have, hold, exercise,
and enjoy the said licence, powers, priviledges, and advantages therein-before
granted or mentioned to be granted unto me, the said Samuel Ambrose, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, for and during and unto the full end
and term of fourteen years from the date of the said Letters Patent next and
immediately ensuing, and fully to be compleat and ended, according to the
Statute in such case made and provided; in which said Letters Patent is
contained a proviso, that if I, the said Samuel Ambrose, should not parti-
cularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my,
hand and seal, and cause the same to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within four calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent, that then the said Letters Patent, and all s
liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby granted, should utterly cease,
determine, and become void, anything therein-before contained to the con-
trary thereof in anywise notwithstanding, as in and by the said Letters.
Patent (relation being thereunto had) may more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Ambrose, in compliance with
the said proviso, do hereby describe and ascertain the nature of the aforesaid
Invention, and declare that the Plan thereof hereunto annexed is composed of
the following particulars (that is to say) :-
Fig. 1, the piston, which is made of brass, with part of the rod or spear,
which is dovetailed and rivetted on the outside (at a and b). For this purpose
the metal is thicker in two opposite parts of the inside circumference, as
appears by Fig. 4.
At the lower end of the piston is a brass ring, which
screws on to secure the leather.
Fig. 2, the outside leather of the piston, which is cut circular, of a proper
form to fit it, and sewed in the side with strong shoemakers' thread. On the
lower part of the leather, when thus formed, a brass hoop is fitted, so as to
leave about three eighths of an inch of leather clear below the bottom of it,
on which part a strong slip of leather, of the same width, is sewed with the
same sort of thread. The leather, being thus prepared and fitted upon the
piston with the brass hoop, will be effectually secured when the ring is screwed
up to it.
Fig. 3, the leathers for the valves of the piston and bucket, which differ in
nothing but their dimensions; the brass plates for them are secured by rivets
and burs, or by nuts and screws, represented by the dots, all of brass. The
small dots in the middle represent brass pins, which go through the leather
into a bar, which supports it underneath.
Fig. 4, the top of the piston (which is the same as the bucket with respect
to the valves). In the middle is a brass bar, which is let in and dovetailed to
support the leather of the valves. The dots in this bar represent the holes for
the brass pins to go through. The leather, being prepared as above, and
placed on, the piston and bucket are secured by brass bars placed over the
middle pins, which bars, going through oblong holes in the staple parts or
cheeks of the rod or spear and of the handle of the bucket, are secured by
pieces of lead formed near the size wanted to fill up the vacancy at top, and
rivetted.
Fig. 5, the hand pump, with its rod, break iron, and handle. The break
iron a, b, is made open from the ear of the pump to the end. The open part
of the rod, with a brass sheave or wheel, is placed within it, and secured with
a screw bolt and nut. This open part of the rod is a figure, consisting of two
semicircles (one of which is at each end of it), and a right-angled paralello-
gram. The semicircles must be full the dimensions of the sheave, and the
perpendicular side of the paralellogram must be equal to the diameter of those

page_text: semicircles. The other side must be equal to the versed sine of the arch of a
circle whose radius is the distance from the center of the bolt in the pump ear
to the center of the sheave in the break iron, and the chord of which arch s, t,
is the length of the greatest stroke that is intended to be made by the piston.
The handle (b, c,) has an iron start drove into it, which is let into a socket
at 6, and fastened with a forelock. The upper part of the rod is kept in a true
direction by two friction wheels fixed in the top of an iron bracket, which is
fastened to the ears of the pump with screw bolts and nuts. It is evident by
the draft that the center of the sheave, in its passage from t to s, will always be
in the circumference of the circle described on the above radius; therefore, if
the opening in the rod is made so much longer than the diameter of the sheave
as is the versed sine of the arch 8, y, t, the rod may be worked exactly in the
center of the chamber by means of the direct and retrograde motion of the
sheave, in the simplest manner, and with the least friction possible. The
great pumps, which may require a greater or smaller number of men to work
them, in proportion to the diameters of the chambers, are constructed upon the
same principles, and have each two pistons, one ascending, and one descending
continually. The leaver is supported in. the middle by a strong wooden
stantion, within which brass cogs are fixed, for the center pin to work in,
and a cross bar at top, with friction wheels or brass cogs, to regulate the
working of the rods or spears, in which are openings for brass sheaves to work
in the leaver, as in the break iron of the hand pump. The leaver has
two sockets at the most convenient distance from the center for fixing in
the arms.
The rods are often made with joints below the open part, for
the conveniency of taking them to pieces more readily.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Ambrose, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand seven hundred and sixty-nine, and in the ninth year of
the reign of our said Sovereign Lord George the Third, by the grace
of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland King, Defender of the
Faith, and so forth.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBRED, that the Twenty-third day of August, in
the year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred and sixty-eight, the afore-
said Samuel Ambrose came before our said Lord the King in His Chancery,
and acknowledged the Instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above written. And also the Instrument
aforesaid was stampt according to the tenor of the Statute made in the sixth
year of the reign of the late King and Queen William and Mary of England,
and so forth.
Inrolled the Twenty-third day of August, in the year last above written.