IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Sinton, of Jedburgh, in the County of
Roxburgh, North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CHURNS."
Sealed the 22nd March 1870, and dated the 14th January 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Sinton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th January 1870.
I, WILLIAM SINTON, of Jedburgh, in the County of Roxburgh, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS," to be as follows, that is to say :-—
This Invention, which relates to an improved arrangement or con-
struction of churns, consists in employing a short and wide churn barrel
supported by bearings in a framing and caused to revolve by means of a
handle attached to the axle or bearing at one end of the barrel. The
barrel is fitted internally with "breakers" or "dashers" of half or nearly

page_text: "
half the length of the barrel, and the breadth of which " breakers" or
dashers "is equal to one quarter or thereabouts of its internal diameter.
These " breakers or "dashers" are arranged in pairs at the two ends of
the barrel fixed one on each side, and are so placed that while the two
directly opposite each other at one end of the barrel arc in a horizontal
position, the two directly opposite each other at the other end are in a
vertical position, thus constituting the churn double-acting. Each of
the breakers or dashers is provided with a number of slots in order to
facilitate the process of churning, and the action of these "breakers" or
"dashers" keeps the cream in the churn at the required temperature.
In the centre of the barrel an opening is provided through which the
cream is passed into the churn, and also through which the butter is
brought out. When the churn is in action the opening is closed by a
plug provided with an india-rubber or other elastic band in order to keep
it water-tight.
"
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Sinton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 7th July 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
SINTON, of Jedburgh, in the County of Roxburgh, North Britain, send
greeting.
"
WHEREAS. Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria,. by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the
33rd year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Sinton, Her special license that
I, the said William Sinton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said William Sinton, my executors, administrators,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel. Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Sinton, by an

page_text: instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
:
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Sinton, do hereby declaró
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings,
and to the letters and figures marked thercon, that is to say :-
"
"
"
My said Invention, which relates to an improved arrangement or
construction of churns, consists in employing a short and wide churn
barrel supported by bearings in a framing and caused to revolve by
means of a handle attached to the axle or bearing at one end of the
barrel. The barrel is fitted internally with breakers or dashers"
of half or nearly half the length of the barrel, and the breadth of which
."breakers or. dashers is equal to one quarter or thereabouts of its
internal diameter. These "breakers or dashers are arranged in pairs
at the two ends of the barrel fixed one on each side, and are so placed
that while the two directly opposite each other at one end of the barrel
are in a horizontal position the two directly opposite each other at the
other end are in a vertical position, thus constituting the churn double-
acting. Each of the "breakers or dashers" is provided with a number
of slots in order to facilitate the process of churning, and the action of
these "breakers, or dashers" keeps the cream in the churn at, the
required temperature. In the centre of the barrel an opening is
provided through which, the cream is passed into the churn, and also,
through which the butter is brought out. When the churn is in action.
the opening is closed by a plug provided with an india-rubber or other
elastic band in order to keep it water-tight.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood,
I now proceed more particularly to set forth the system, mode, or
manner in or under which the same is or may be used or practically.
carried into effect, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
On the appended Sheet of Drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation,
Figure 2 an end elevation, and Figure 3. a vertical section of the

page_text: improved churn which constitutes my Invention. On these different
Figures corresponding parts are indicated by the same letters of
reference.
The apparatus consists of a short and wide barrel A supported in a
framing B by means of the bearings .C running in composite bushes C¹, t
seen in Figure 3, the barrel A being actuated by the handle D attached
to the bearing at one end of the framing, as shown, or a handle may be
employed at both ends. The barrel A is provided with an opening in
the centre through which the cream to be churned is introduced, and
when the churn is in action this opening is closed by the stopper or
plug E secured by the clasp E³, more particularly seen at Figure 1.
The stopper or plug E is provided with an india-rubber or other elastic
band in order that on its being inserted into the opening in the barrel A
it may be water-tight. The barrel is fitted internally with a series of
"breakers or dashers" F, shown in section at Figure 3, which "breakers
or dashers" extend to half or nearly half the length of the barrel A, and
are arranged in pairs at opposite ends of the barrel so that when the pair
at one end of the barrel are in a vertical position the pair at the other
end of the barrel are in a horizontal position, thus constituting the churn
double-acting. By this arrangement of "breakers or dashers" the
cream on the barrel being actuated by the handle D is violently thrown
from one side of the churn to the other and the butter is churned in a
much more effectual and speedy manner than in churns as hitherto
constructed.
In order to still further facilitate the process of churning, the
"breakers or dashers" F are provided with a number of slots x, as shown
particularly at Figure 3. When the operation of churning is completed
the stopper or plug E is removed and the butter taken out through the
opening in the barrel A, and the buttermilk is drawn off through the
opening shown closed by the plug or stopper b.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the
system, mode, or manner in or under which the same is or may be used
or practically carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that
what I consider novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,
the construction and arrangement of a short and wide churn barrel fitted

page_text: internally with a series of "breakers or dashers," as and for the purpose
herein-before described, or any mere modification thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Sinton, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourth day of May One thousand eight
hundred and seventy.