Improvements in Apparatus and Appliances for the Prevention of the Ingress or Egress of Draughts, Dust, and Wet through the Bottoms or other Parts of Doors, Windows, Shutters, and the like. THE PREVENTION OF THE INGRESS OR EGRESS OF DRAUGHTS, DUST AND WET, THROUGH THE BOTTOMS OR OTHER PARTS OF DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS THE LIKE
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Mar., 1887
Complete Left, 3rd Dec., 1887
Complete Accepted, 6th Jan., 1888
..
Improvements in Apparatus and Appliances for the Prevention
of the Ingress or Egress of Draughts, Dust, and Wet through
the Bottoms or other Parts of Doors, Windows, Shutters, and
the like.
We JAMES ELLIS, of Shiregreen, Ecclesfield, Blacksmith, and JOSEPH TRIPPETT, of
50 Minna Road, Pitsmoor, Sheffield, Steel Works, Manager, both in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of our Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
AND APPLIANCES FOR THE PREVENTION OF THE INGRESS OR EGRESS OF DRAUGHTS, DUST
AND WET, THROUGH THE BOTTOMS OR OTHER PARTS OF DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS AND
THE LIKE to be as follows:-
The object of our Invention is to provide a simple, effectual and inexpensive means
of preventing the inconvenience and annoyance caused by draughts, dust and wet, as
indicated by the title of this specification and although our Invention is applicable to
certain kinds of windows, and shutters as well as to doors, it is more particularly
applicable to swing doors, such as are usually employed at the entrances to offices,
houses, and the like purposes, and as one of the most common sources through which
draughts, dust and wet have ingress or egress is located in the bottoms of such doors,
it is with a view of obviating these defects that our Invention is more particularly
directed.
As the principle of our Invention will be the same to whatever kind of door,
window, or shutter, it may be applied; a description of our improved apparatus
and appliances for the prevention of draughts, dust and wet through the bottom of
an ordinary entrance door to a house will suffice.
They comprise a roller or rollers made of, or coated or covered with, India Rubber
or other elastic substance, the length of such roller or rollers being approximately
the same as the width of the bottom of the door to which it or they may be applied."
We employ two or more specially constructed brackets by which the roller or rollers
are attached to the bottom of the door either on the inside or the outside, but by
preference we should place them on the inside; in ordinary cases with doors of
moderate width one roller and two brackets would suffice, the brackets are formed so

page_text: that they can be conveniently screwed, bolted, or otherwise fixed to the door, the
body of each bracket is constructed like a small cylinder placed at an angle to the
-door and fitted with a piston and rod working freely within the same, the lower end
of the cylinder may be closed except the orifice through which the piston rod has
access to move freely up and down, the end of the piston rod which projects through
the bottom of the cylinder is fitted in the form of a bearing to carry the spindle or
trunnion of the roller.
The top of the cylinder is fitted with a screwed cap, and a spiral or other convenient
form of spring is placed on the top part of the cylinder between the top of the piston
and the screwed cap (By giving this cap a sufficient range of screw the action of the
springs within the cylinder may be regulated).
The action of the apparatus and appliance is as follows.
When the roller has been fixed in the bearings and attached to the bottom of a door
by means of the brackets herein described, the action of the springs on the top of the
pistons above the piston rods which carry the bearings, forces the roller (owing to
the angle of the cylinder) downwards in a diagonal direction, so that the roller is
forced not only close to the floor or threshold but also to the door itself.
When the door is either opened or closed the elasticity of the springs within the
cylinder allow the roller bearings to accomodate themselves to the pressure brought
to hear upon the surface of the roller either in a lateral or vertical direction, it will
therefore be seen that when a door fitted with our improved apparatus and appliances
is closed the ingress or egress, of draughts dust or wet, through the bottom may be
prevented.
In ordinary cases where only one roller is employed it may be made with a metallic
spindle forming its axis, the clastic coat or covering being obtained by an India Rubber
tube drawn tightly over the same, the spindle projecting at each end sufficiently to
form the trunnions or bearings; where the width of a door is so great as to require
the employment of more than two bearings to a roller, one continuous spindle may be
used and the elastic covering or coating may be put on in several lengths so as to
allow of a narrow bearing to support the spindle between each length, we should
however prefer to increase the sizes and strength of the parts employed so that two
bearings would suffice rather than by employing several bearings as last described.
Although the apparatus and appliances herein described provide for the prevention
of the ingress of draughts, dust and wet, the same or similar apparatus and appliances
are equally applicable for the prevention of the egress of draughts dust and wet through
the bottoms or other parts of doors windows, shutters, and the like in places where
certain processes of manufacture are conducted where it is necessary to confine the
currents of air, dust, and wet, caused by such process of manufacture within the
room, chamber, or place where such process is conducted. As for example in flour,
powder, cement and other mills, cotton and waste cleaning and the like.
Dated this 28th day of February 1887

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus and Appliances for the Prevention
of the Ingress or Egress of Draughts, Dust, and Wet through
the Bottoms or other Parts of Doors, Windows, Shutters, and
the like.
We, JAMES ELLIS, of Shiregreen, Ecclesfield, Blacksmith, and JOSEPH TRIPPETT,
of 50 Minna Road, Pitsmoor, Sheffield, Steel Works Manager, both in the County of
York, do hereby declare, the nature of our Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARA-
TUS AND APPLIANCES FOR THE PREVENTION OF THE INGRESS OR EGRESS OF DRAUGHTS,
DUST AND WET THROUGH THE BOTTOMS OR OTHER PARTS OF DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS
AND THE LIKE," and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of our Invention is to provide a simple, effectual and inexpensive means
of preventing the inconvenience and annoyance caused by draughts, dust and wet as
indicated by the title of this specification and although our Invention is applicable to
certain kinds of windows, and shutters as well as to doors, it is more particularly
applicable to swing doors, such as are usually employed at the entrances to offices,
houses and the like purposes, and as one of the most common sources through which
draughts, dust and wet, have ingress or egress is located in the bottoms of such doors,
it is with a view of obviating these defects that our Invention is more particularly
directed.
As the principle of our Invention will be the same to whatever kind of door,
window, or shutter, it may be applied; a description of our improved apparatus and
appliances for the prevention of draughts, dust and wet, through the bottom of an
ordinary entrance door to a house will suffice.
They comprise a roller or rollers made of or coated, or covered with, india rubber
or other elastic substance, the length of such roller or rollers being approximately the
same as the width of the bottom of the door to which it, or they, may be applied.
We employ two or more specially constructed brackets by which the roller or rollers
are attached to the bottom of the door either on the inside or the outside, but by
preference we should place them on the inside; in ordinary cases with doors of
moderate width one roller and two brackets would suffice, the brackets are formed so
that they can be conveniently screwed, bolted or otherwise fixed to the door; the
body of each bracket is constructed like a small cylinder placed at an angle to the
door and fitted with a piston and rod working freely within the same, the lower end
of the cylinder may be closed except the orifice through which the piston rod has
access to move freely up and down, the end of the piston rod which projects through
the bottom of the cylinder is fitted in the form of a bearing to carry the spindle or
trunnion of the roller. The top of the cylinder is fitted with a screwed cap, and a
spiral or other convenient form of spring is placed on the top part of the cylinder
between the top of the piston and the screwed cap (By giving this cap a sufficient
range of screw the action of the springs within the cylinder may be regulated).

page_text: The action of the apparatus and appliances is as follows:-
When the roller has been fixed in the bearings and attached to the bottom of a
door by means of the brackets herein described, the action of the springs on the top
of the pistons above the piston rods which carry the bearings, forces the roller (owing
to the angle of the cylinder) downwards in a diagonal direction, so that the roller is
forced not only close to the floor or threshold but also to the door itself.
When the door is either opened or closed the elasticity of the springs within the
cylinder allow the roller bearings to accommodate themselves to the pressure brought
to bear upon the surface of the roller either in a lateral or vertical direction, it will
therefore be seen that when a door fitted with my improved apparatus and appliances
is closed the ingress or egress, of draughts dust or wet, through the bottom may be
prevented.
In ordinary cases where only one roller is employed it may be made with a metallic
spindle forming its axis, the elastic coat or covering being obtained by an india rubber
tube drawn tightly over the same, the spindle projecting at each end sufficiently to
form the trunnions or bearings; where the width of a door is so great as to require
the employment of more than two bearings to a roller one continuous spindle may be
used and the elastic covering or coating may be put on in several lengths so as to
allow of a narrow bearing to support the spindle between each length, we should
however prefer to increase the sizes and strength of the parts employed so that two
bearings would suffice rather than by employing several bearings as last described.
Although the apparatus and appliances herein described provide for the prevention
of the ingress of draughts, dust and wet, the same or similar apparatus and appliances
are equally applicable for the prevention of the egress of draughts, dust and wet,
through the bottoms or other parts of doors, windows, shutters, and the like, in places
where certain processes of manufacture are conducted where it is necessary to confine
the currents of air, dust, and wet, caused by such process of manufacture within the
room, chamber, or place where such process is conducted, as for example in flour,
powder, cement and other mills, cotton and waste cleaning and the like.
As a modification of the arrangement herein described in lieu of the specially
constructed brackets being cylindrical in form, and fitted with a piston and rod and
screwed cap, the bracket may be formed with the side next to the roller open, into
which may be fitted a sliding hearing to carry the spindle or trunnion of the roller,
such bearing being actuated by a spiral or other convenient form of spring placed on
its upper side so as to fit inside the bracket.
As the modified arrangement herein described could be produced at less cost than
the previously described arrangement in which a cylindrical formed bracket with a
piston, rod, and screwed cap are employed and as the principle of our invention
remains the same whichever of these arrangements is adopted, we should by preference
employ the modified arrangement which may be better understood on reference to the
accompanying sheet of drawings in which :--
Fig. 1, is a front elevation of our improved apparatus and appliances which for
convenience of illustration has been cut in two.
Fig. 2, being a back elevation or view of that side which is fitted to the door.
Fig. 3 is an end elevation shewing the outside of the metallic bracket.
Fig. 4, is an end view of the wood frame to which the metallic brackets are affixed
and by which the appliances are attached to the door.
Fig. 5, is an enlarged or full sized view of one of the metallic brackets shewing
the roller in position.
Fig. 6, being the reverse side of the same with the roller not in position.
Fig. 7, is a similar view shewing the movable bearing for the roller spindle with
the spring in position.
Figs. 8 and 9, are front and side views of the movable bearing detached from the
bracket.
Figs. 10 and 11, are enlarged side and end views of the roller with its elastic
covering and trunnion or spindle.
The same letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

page_text: a,
is the specially formed metallic bracket or brackets.
b, is the wood frame to which the same are attached.
c, is the roller, and
d, the elastic covering on the same.
e, e, are the trunnions of the roller and
f, the movable bearings for the same.
9,
is the spiral or other convenient form of spring for actuating the bearing within
ho bracket.
h, is a recess formed in the bracket for the reception of the bearing and the
spring g.
, being slides for directing the movement of the bearing.
is a metallic ferrule which may be used when the trunnion is formed of a piece
with the roller in wood.
k, k, are ribs for strongthening the metallic bracket and
1, is a recess formed on the wood frame to fit the same.
m, m, are holes in the bracket for the screws by which the same are attached to the
frame b and
n, n, aro holes for the screws by which the frame b is attached to the door.
is the line of door and
2, is the line of the floor.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we claim is
(1) The combination of parts and appliances for the prevention of the ingress or
egress of draughts dust and wet through the bottoms or other parts of doors,
more specially constructed
windows, shutters and the like, comprising two or
brackets, with a frame or frames by which the same are attached to a door or shutter,
each bracket being fitted with a movable or sliding bearing, actuated by a spring
carrying the trunnions of a roller covered or coated with an elastic substance, the
length of such roller or rollers, separately or collectively being approximately the
same as the width of the door or shutter to which it, or they, may be applied, sub-
stantially as and for the purposes herein described and illustrated on the accompanying
sheet of drawings.
Deted this 2nd day of December 1887.
ADD
K. HEBER RADFORD
Agent for the Applicants.