Improvements in Ventilators.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 28th May, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 16th Feb., 1892-Accepted, 2nd Apr., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ventilators.
I, WILLIAM, SAMUEL LAYCOCK of Ranmoor, Sheffield, in the County of
York, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention to be as
follows:
This invention refers more particularly to ventilators or air extractors for ship
use, and the object of the invention is to prevent an inrush of water into and down
the ventilator pipes, which might otherwise occur in heavy seas.
This object I accomplish by the introduction of a float-valve that would be
raised, and would close the pipe by any rush of water, such as a wave passing over
the ventilator in washing over the deck of the vessel.
For example, in the construction of a ventilator to be fastened on deck, and
communicating with below, I make the deck pipe of any height and curve or bend
the top part until the mouth of the pipe faces the deck, and upon that end I fix the
ventilator proper which I prefer to consist of two hollow cones with their bases
opposite to or facing each other, but leaving an annular open space between them,
each cone being connected to and supported, by an encircling ring. The mouth of
the pipe opens inside the cones, and by means of cross stays inside the pipe a valve
is carried, that when raised will close the mouth of the pipe..
I propose to make the valve of aluminium, and to attach a piece of cork to its
underside, so that on a body of water entering the cones, the valve would float and
be carried upwards closing the valve seating or mouth of the pipe, and dropping
again on the retreat of the water.
Although I have mentioned aluminium and cork, I may substitute other materials,
or may use an indiarubber ball valve if preferred.
I may also, if desired to leave more room inside the cones, arrange the float
below the cones outside, and continue the valve spindle through the encircling
outside ring, so as to connect it with the float.
Dated the 27th Nov 1801
ROBT. F. DRURY, Fel. Inst. P.A.,
Bank Buildings, George Street, Sheffield, Agent for Applicant..
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ventilators.
I, WILLIAM SAMUEL LAYCOCK of Ranmoor, Sheffield in the County of
York Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention refers more particularly to double-coned ventilators or air-
extractors for ships use, and the object of the invention is to prevent the ingress of
water into and down the outlet or ventilating pipe or pipes communicating with the
cabins or other rooms or compartments, which might occur in ventilators not having
such protective means.
I attain this object by the introduction of a valve normally held away from the
mouth of the ventilating or outlet pipe, in the manner illustrated in the accom-
panying drawings, but which would be closed if an iurush of water took place, such
as shipping a sea or the like.
Fig. 1, is a vertical section of a double coned ventilator showing the float
zalue anan

page_text: Fig. 2, is a vertical section of a double coned ventilator with the mouth of pipe
opening upwards, and balanced valve.
Fig. 3, is a vertical part séction of same ventilator in which the valve is operated
by an outside float.
i
Similar letters of reference refer to similar parts in any of the figures in which
they occur.
The ventilator or air-extractor consists of two hollow cones A, B, the base of
one cone being supported opposite to, but at a short distance from the base of the
other cone, leaving an air passage between them which is protected by an outside
ring C; the cones and the ring are attached to each other and also to a short
length of pipe D, which in Fig. 1, acts as a socket, and in Figs. 2 and 3, as a
support or base.
In whichever direction the wind strikes the ventilator it will be deflected from a
large area of surface, causing a partial vacuum.in the air passage between the cones,
and drawing the air with great power from the ventilator pipe D, and from any
other pipes connected therewith.
To prevent any inrush of water into the pipes of the ventilator and possibly into
the ventilated cabin or other ventilated places, such as might be caused by the
rolling of the vessel or otherwise shipping a sea, according to one arrangement I
bend the outlet ventilating pipe E, to which the ventilator is attached until its
mouth is underneath as shown in Fig. 1, and by means of cross stays F, or other
like supports inside the pipe, I carry a valve G, that when raised sufficiently high
will close the mouth of the pipe, and prevent the entrance of water.
I prefer to make the outer part or covering of the valve and its rod of aluminium
on account of its lightness, and the interior of cork, so that the whole valve will be
buoyant and will float.
I. do not bind myself to the particular form or construction of float valve, as it is
evident such may be varied, thus for example a hollow rubber ball supported
centrally by a chain may be used as a substitute for the cork valve before
described.
If therefore the ventilator was submerged by a sudden rush of water, the valve
would at once rise and close the mouth of the pipe, and would drop again when the
water had receded.
In the ventilator shown in Fig. 2, in which the mouth of the ventilating pipe
opens upwards, a valve or cover H, is supported above the mouth of the pipe, in
cross stays, or by equivalent means, and at such a distance as not to interfere with
the exhaust it is balanced in this position, by a lever or arm I, and a weight J, so
that any rush of water upon the valve or cover H, will carry it down and close the
mouth of the pipe D.
In Fig. 3, I show another method of operating the valve or cover H, which is
carried in a similar manner to that last described. In this method I use an outside
annular float K, which by its gravity draws the valve up to its highest position by
means of chains L, connected with the valve spindle.
When a flow of water rises round the ventilator the float is carried up by its buoyancy
and the valve drops over the mouth of the pipe, returning to the position shown as
the water retires.
Instead of the valve being supported by a balance weight as shown in Fig. 2,
may use a light coiled spring made of some non-corrodible metal; or steel protected
by a deposition of non-corrodible metal.
Having thus described my invention, and the manner in which it may be carried
into practice I declare that what I wish to secure by Letters Patent is :-
1 A double-coned ventilator or air-extractor having two fixed cones, with an
encircling ring, and outlet or ventilating pipe, and fitted internally with a valve,
constructed to close the mouth of said outlet or ventilating pipe, when moved by an
inrush of water, substantially as hereinbefore described.
2-A double-coned ventilator, or air extractor, consisting of two fixed cones A

page_text: and B, and an encircling ring C, and an outlet pipe D, and fitted internally with a
balanced valve or cover H, normally supported away from the mouth of said
outlet pipe, and closed by an inrush of water substantially as herein before specified
and illustrated.
Dated the 15th day of February 1892.
ROBT. F. DRURY, C.P.A.,
Bank Buildings, George Street, Sheffield, Agent for Applicant.