A Mode of and Apparatus for Separating Fat, Grease, or other Impurities from the Feed Water of Steam Boilers and other Water.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Dec., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Sept., 1891-Accepted, 24th Oct., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A Mode of and Apparatus for Separating Fat, Grease, or other
Impurities from the Feed Water of Steam Boilers and other
Water.
I JEAN ADOLF DRAKENBERG of No. 73 Nybrogatan Stockholm in the
Kingdom of Sweden, Consulting Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:
حمد:
This invention refers chiefly to an improved mode of and means for depriving
feed water of steam boilers of fat or grease contained therein.
The apparatus, which is intended for separating grease or fat from the feed
water, consists suitably of three parts, riz. Firstly; a cylindrical vessel of so
great a capacity, that the feed water, when passing through the same, will attain a
state of comparative rest, during which time the water and the fat or grease
contained therein is put into rotary motion by means of the second part of the
apparatus which consists of a pipe located in the vessel and provided with two or
more lateral curved outlet branches or mouth pieces and an air vessel or chamber
at the top. The feed water enters the apparatus by the aforesaid pipe and the air
chamber has for purpose to allow the feed water to enter the apparatus in streams
continuously and not intermittently. The mouth pieces are curved so that the feed
water ejected from them puts the water contained in the separator into rotary
motion. By means of the centrifugal force the fatty particles collect at the centre
of the vessel along the pipe whereupon they, owing to their smaller specific weight
float up to the surface of the water and collect there all round the air chamber
from whence they are then blown out at suitable intervals of time through a
skimming or grease discharge pipe, provided with a cock. The third part of the
apparatus consists of an automatic air outlet valve applied to the vessel, from
which it may be shut off. This valve is connected to a float and regulates the
quantity of air let out in such a way that the water level in the fat separator is
always maintained at a constant height just under the opening of the skimming
pipe. The feed water deprived of its fat is then discharged by a pipe into the
boiler. An ordinary gauge glass is provided for ascertaining the water level and
hence whether the air valve works properly and a safety valve is also provided for
preventing the bursting of the apparatus.
The apparatus works in the following manner :-The feed water mixed with fat
and air enters through the pipe and curved outlet branches or mouth pieces and
puts the water contained in the apparatus into rotary motion, whereupon the fat
collects at the centre of the vessel around the pipe on the surface of the water,
from whence it is blown off at suitable intervals through the skimming pipe and its
cock. The air constantly entering the apparatus together with the water rises to
the top of the apparatus where its pressure is constantly increased and thus tends
to keep down the water level. But at the same time as the water sinks in the
vessel, it sinks likewise in the compartment communicating therewith, in which the
float is located and this float then opens the air valve through which so much air is
let out, that the water rises to its determined height. These variations in height
are so insignificant that the water level remains almost constant as may be
ascertained by inspecting the water gauge located at the side.
The purified feed water or other liquid then passes through the pipe at the
bottom of the apparatus to the boiler or other receptacle.
Dated the 23rd day of December 1890.
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A Mode of and Apparatus for Separating Fat, Grease, or other
Impurities from the Feed Water of Steam Boilers and other
Water.
I, JEAN ADOLF DRAKENBERG of No. 73 Nybrogatan, Stockholm, in the
Kingdom of Sweden Consulting Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to a mode of and apparatus for separating fat, grease or
other impurities from the feed water of steam boilers and other water and consists
in conducting the water before it is allowed to enter the boiler through an apparatus
and there let the incoming water act upon the water already in the apparatus in.
such a manner that this latter water will be set in a rotatory motion which will
cause impurities contained in the water and the pure water to be arranged
according to their specific gravities in separate layers so as to permit the
impurities to be removed. When leaving the apparatus the purified water might
be led through a specially arranged part of the apparatus where it will be exposed
to the action of heat from any suitable source and thus pass into the boiler with an
clevated temperature.-
--
The apparatus is shown on the annexed drawing where.
Eig.-is-a-sectional elevation of-the apparatus-not-provided with feed_heater;
Fig 2-is-a-sectional-elevation-of-a-similar apparatus but provided with feed
heater;
Fig. 3 is a modified form of the apparatus also provided with feed heater ;
Fig. 4 is a sectional plan of Fig. 1 and
Fig. 5.a similar view of Fig. 3.
The apparatus as shown in Figs. 1 and 4 consists chiefly of three parts:: first a
cylindrical-vessel-A-of-such-a-capacity-that-the-feed-water-passes_through_it_at_a
relatively slow speed or so as to get into the state of comparative rest during which
the water and the grease mixed therewith therein is put in a rotatory motion by
the second part, which consists of a pipe R located in the vessel A and provided
with two or more mouth-pieces O and an air chamber B, through which pipes R
and the feed water enters into the apparatus. The air chamber has for purpose
to let the feed water get into the apparatus in continual streams and not by jerks.
The mouthpieces O are, as shown on the drawing, curved so that the feed water
ejected from them puts the water contained in the separator into a rotatory motion
when by means of the centrifugal force the fat particles gather at the centre of the
vessel around the pipe R whereupon they, owing to their less specific gravity float
up to the surface and gather there round the air chamber B, from where they are
-at-suitable_intervals during which_the_fat_accumulates blown out through a
skimming pipe provided with a cock K.
The third part of the apparatus consists of an automatic spring actuated air
outlet valve V connected to the vessel A. from which it may be shut off, which
valve with the aid of a float-gauge F regulates the quantity of air let out in such a
way that the water level in the fat separator is always maintained at a constant
height just under the opening of the skimming pipe. The feed water deprived of
its fat enters then through a pipe P into the boiler. G is a common gauge-glass
for controlling the water level and thus also causes the air valve to work properly
and S is a safety valve for preventing the bursting of the apparatus.
Fig. 2 shows a somewhat modified form of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1. The
inlet pipe R is here connected with and passed through the top of the apparatus
and has its air-chamber B outside the same. Other parts of the apparatus in
Fig 1. arc arranged in a similar manner in the one in Fig. 2 with the exception of

page_text: the water outlet at a certain distance from the bottom of the apparatus is inside the
same arranged a partition or flange H underneath which the water outlet P is
placed and to which is connected a tubular piece T extending towards the bottom
of the vessel. Round this tubular piece is provided a coiled pipe C having its ends
attached to the lower cover of the vessel A. This lower cover is in its body
provided with two spaces L and M separated by a partition wall. The coiled
pipe C has its ends in communication one with each space.
In case of more than one coiled pipe being wanted round the tubular piece each
of them would be connected in a similar manner, and in any case one of the spaces
serves as inlet and the other as outlet for steam which passing through the coiled
pipe or pipes heats the purified water during its passage down through the tubular
piece and up outside it and the coiled pipe to the water outlet P.
When only one coiled pipe is to be used the spaces in the cover might be left out
and the steam inlet and outlet pipes connected direct to the ends of the coiled pipe
in some suitable manner.
Figs. 3 and 5 show still another modification of the apparatus intended for large
boilers having to be supplied with large quantities of feed water. The chief
feature of this modification is that the vessel A itself or the part above the
partition H in Fig. 2. is made of plates of some suitable material in the form of a
small boiler and provided with a man-hole, while the lower part might be cast like
in the other apparatus and in other respects constructed as feed heater as described
with reference to Fig. 2. The water inlet pipe A is in this modification arranged
in a different, manner inasmuch as it is placed on the side of the vessel and only
enters a short distance as shown in Figs. 3 and 5. The position of the skimming
pipe is also altered being placed vertically in the centre of the vessel and having
its lower part continuing radially towards the wall of the vessel whereto it is fixed
and outside provided with a cock K. The apparatus is also provided with gauge-
glass and float as before described.
The whole apparatus works in the following manner. The feed water mixed
with grease and air enters the apparatus from the feed pump through the pipe R
and the opening or openings O, and puts the water contained in the apparatus into
a rotatory motion, when the grease gathers at the centre of the vessel around the
pipe on the surface of the water, whence it is blown off at suitable intervals
through the skimming pipe & by opening the cock K. It is evident that as the
water is fed into the apparatus the air brought in with the water will collect at the
top of the apparatus and that the water level will fall as the quantity and pressure
of the air increase. The water level in the chamber containing the float will
naturally fall in the same degree because said chamber is communicating with the
vessel A both at top and bottom. When therefore the water level in the vessel A
has fallen to a certain point the float F will be in a position to pull down the spring
actuated valve V against the force of the spring thus giving the excess of air an
opportunity to escape and during that time the water level in the vessel A. will rise
to its predetermined height or until the float is brought up to such a height that
the valve V may be again shut. These variations in height are, however,
insignificant so that the water level remains almost at a constant level, which
may be ascertained at the water gauge located at the side.
As
When the grease or fat is to be skimmed off the cock K is opened. If then as
indicated on the drawing the water level is some distance below the mouth of the
skimming pipe k the air will first rush out and thus allow the water to rise.
soon as it reaches the mouth of the pipe the fat or grease accumulated at the
centre will begin to pass out through the pipe and this skimming is continued until
pure water is obtained. This purified water has in practice been found very clear
and bright and purified even to such a degree as to be fit for drinking.
The feed water freed from the fat or grease which it contained when let into the
apparatus passes out of the same through the outlet P either at the same
temperature as when let in as in Fig. 1 or heated as in Figs. 2 and 3.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. A. process for separating grease and other impurities from feed water and
other water consisting in conducting the water from the feed pump into a cylin-
drical vessel where it causes the water which has previously entered the vessel to
be put into a rotatory motion and thus causes the fat to rise to the surface of the
water, whence it is skimmed off.
2. Apparatus for separating grease or other impurities from feed water and
other water consisting of an inlet pipe R inserted in a cylindrical vessel A which
pipe at the top is provided with an air chamber and under the same with one or
more curved month-pieces with the view that the water flowing out of these
mouth-pieces may put the water previously introduced in the cylindrical vessel
into a rotatory motion.
3. In apparatus for separating grease and other impurities from feed water and
other water the application and use of a skimming pipe & passing through the wall
of the cylindrical vessel and having its inner opening located at or near the middle
of the vessel and near the surface of the rotating water, in order that the fat rising
to the surface of the water may be skimmed off by the pipe and led off through a
cock inserted in the pipe outside of the cylindrical vessel.
4. In apparatus for separating grease and other impurities from feed water and
other water the application and use of a closed chamber communicating with the
cylindrical vessel and located upon the same, the top of-which-chamber.is_united_
with the top of the cylindrical vessel by means of a pipe and the upper part of
which chamber is provided-with-a-valve-Vactuated-by-a-spring and combined with
a Hoat gauge Flocated in the chamber for the purpose-that-the air-coming into the
apparatus, with the feed water may be let out, when the water level in the apparatus
is lowered, by the increasing air pressure, thereby that the float-gauge opens the
valve.
5. In apparatus for separating grease and other impurities from feed water and
other water the application and use of a tubular piece forming a narrowed
continuation of the upper part of the vessel and-round-which is arranged coiled
pipe in order that the feed water might be heated by steam passed through the
coiled pipe-while-it passes to the water outlet.
6. In apparatus for separating grease and other impurities from feed water and
other water the application and use of an inlet pipe for the water passed through
the end or side of the vessel and inside this provided with an angular outlet bend so
that the incoming water may put the water already in the vessel in a rotatory
motion.
Dated this 22nd day of September 1891
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents for Applicant.