IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR BURNING QUARRIES; TILES, BRICKS, AND OTHER ARTICLES."
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Bennett, of Old Uttoxeter Road, Derby,
'för the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR BURNING QUARRIES;
TILES, BRICKS, AND OTHER ARTICLES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Bennett at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th September 1864:1
I, THOMAS BENNETT, of Old Uttoxeter Road, Derby, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR BURNING
QUARRIES, TILES, BRICKS, AND OTHER ARTICLES," -to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in kilns for burning quarries,
tiles, bricks, and other articles.
For these purposes the exterior of a kiln is built of a similar form to that
heretofore very commonly used, that is, of an oblong rectangular horizontal
section. Fire-places are constructed on either side in such manner as to be
below the bottom of the kiln. Each fire-place is arched or covered over,
openings, being, however left for the heat.and products of combustion to rise
up through the roof of each of the fire-places into narrow spaces between
pairs of walls by which the interior of the kiln is divided into separate longi-
tudinal compartments. It is preferred that a kiln should be thus divided
longitudinally, into five compartments, but. this number may be varied. The
fronts of the fire-places are capable of being closed, and have each a door at

page_text: the upper part. The interior of the kiln is lined with a wall, leaving a narrow
space between the interior of the outer wall and the lining wall, and into this
space the products of combustion of each of the fire-places pass by means of an
opening through the arch or cover of each of the fire-places. At the inner ends
of the fire-places there is a hollow longitudinal space, which is divided longi-
tudinally, and there are openings into this space at the inner end of each
fire-place, so that the heat may get freely under this part of the bottom of the
kiln, and consequently below the bottom of the central compartment, by which
the lower part of such central compartment is heated. Near the
Near the upper parts
of the pairs of walls, and between them there are horizontal tiles across the
open space, and a little below these there_are_inclined bricks or tiles-fixed
across the narrow spaces, by which the products of combustion may freely
rise up, whilst dust will be prevented descending between the spaces on either
şide of each fire-place, but will by the inclined tiles or bricks. be caused to
descend to the openings, into the fire-places. The quarries, tiles, or, other
articles are piled within the longitudinal chambers, and when they are full they
are covered over with tiles and then with sand, in such manner as to prevent
the flame, dust, and smoke entering the chambers: Over this covering and
over the pairs of walls and spaces between them, bricks or other articles are
piled, which from their nature do not require to be burned in closed chambers.
By thus arranging the fire-places at right angles to the pairs of walls which
divide the kiln longitudinally, and by forming the ends of fire-places with
openings into the spaces under the central part of the bottom of the kiln, the
heat and products of combustion rising from the several fire-places become
very uniformly diffused, and all the chambers are very equably heated.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters, Patent; filed
by the said Thomas Bennett in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
28th March 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, "I, THOMAS
BENNETT, of Old Uttoxeter Road, Derby, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria; by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Thomas Bennett, Her special licence that I, the said
Thomas Bennett, ny executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others

page_text: as I, the said Thomas Bennett, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR BURNING QUARRIES, TILES, BRICKS, AND OTHER
ARTICLES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Thomas
Bennett, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or, their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe. and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed. in the. Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after. the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Bennett, do, hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and, by the fol-
lowing statement,thereof, that is to say :-
'
This Invention has for its object improvements in kilns for burning quarries,
tiles, bricks, and other articles. For these purposes the exterior of a kiln is
built of a similar form. to that 'heretofore very commonly used, of an oblong
rectangular form. in plan. Fire-places are constructed on either side in such
manner. as, to be below the bottom of the kiln. Each fire-place is arched or
covered over, openings being however left for the heat and products of com-
bustion to rise up-through the roof of each of the fire-places into narrow spaces
between pairs of walls, by which the interior of the kiln is divided into sepa-
rate longitudinal, compartments. It is preferred. that a .kiln. should be thus
divided longitudinally into five compartments, but this number may be varied.
The fronts of the fire places are capable of being closed, and have each a door
at the
upper part. The interior of the kiln is lined with a wall, leaving a-
narrow space between the interior of the outer wall and the lining wall, and
into this space the products of combustion of each of the fire-places pass by
means of an opening through the arch or. cover of each of. the fire-places.
At the inner ends of the fire-places there is a hollow longitudinal space which
is divided longitudinally, and there are openings into this space at the inner
end of each fire-place, so that the heat may get freely under this, part of the
bottom of the kiln, and consequently below the bottom of the central compart
ment, by which the lower part of such central compartment is heated., .Near
the upper parts of the pairs of walls and between them, there..are horizontal
tiles, across the open space, and a little below these there are inclined bricks.

page_text: as before-mentioned are filled with the articles, and then covered with tiles,
over which a layer of sand is spread, the upper part of the kiln may be filled
with bricks or articles which require only to be more roughly burnt.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Bennett, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
THOMAS BENNETT. (L.s.)