Improvements in and relating to Machines for Grinding, Crushing, or Disintegrating Grain or other Materials.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 18th May, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 17th Mar., 1894-Accepted, 21st Apr., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Machines for Grinding, Crushing,
or Disintegrating Grain or other Materials.
We, SIDNEY STRAKER, Civil Engineer, and THE CENTRAL CYCLONE
COMPANY, LIMITED, Manufacturers, both of 37 Pomeroy Street, New Cross, in
the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
Our invention relates to improvements in machines for grinding, crushing, or
disintegrating grain and other materials.
The object of our said invention is to provide an improved pulverizer for the
purpose of reducing heavy material, and to provide improved separating-apparatus
and other devices for use therewith.
According to our invention we provide a suitable hollow casing, within which
the chamber for material to be reduced is formed as hereinafter set forth.
A driving shaft is supported in suitable bearings and passes through the casing.
The said shaft has secured thereon a fan or beater of a suitable type, and a suitable
pulley or other device whereby rotation may be imparted thereto.
Within the said casing and preferably concentric with the driving-shaft herein-
before referred to, a pair of serrated rings are provided, one on each side of the fan
or beater in parallel vertical planes. The serrated face of each of the said rings
is presented towards the fan or beater and inclined so as to be nearer the fan or
beater at its outer circumference than at its inner circumference. Each said ring
is built up of bars or of separate serrated plates or may be cast in one piece or in
four or more segments.
Certain portions of each said ring or some of the segments thereof are provided
with a series of recesses in which the ends of impinging-bars are laid. The said
bars extend across the machine parallel to the driving shaft, from the serrated
ring on one side of the heater to the similar ring at the opposite side of the beater,
and are arranged with spaces between them; they are held in place in the recesses
by segmental plates secured to the casing, and arranged to rest on the ends of the
bars. The said segmental plates are provided with a series of holes in which the
ends of other impinging bars are placed. The said other impinging bars also
extend across the machine and are arranged with spaces between them; they form
a series concentric with the series received by the notches in the serrated rings.
The bars of the former series are parallel with the bars of the latter series and are
arranged to break joint therewith.
Within the said casing and adjacent to portions of the circumference of the
serrated rings we provide corrugated or roughened impinging-surfaces. The space
enclosed between the rings, the aforesaid bars, and the impinging surfaces, constitutes
the reducing chamber.
Certain of the said corrugated impinging surfaces are of segmental form. They
may be secured in place by any suitable means; for instance we may arrange
suitable bearing-pieces within the aforesaid casing, and adapt the one end of each
said segment to bear upon or engage with a bearing piece, the other end being
supported in place by a screw or by screws.
The said bearing pieces and screws are so arranged that to enable a segment to
be withdrawn it only necessary to slack back the screws which support one of
its ends, and the segment may then be easily disengaged therefrom and from the
bearing-pieces. Suitable doors or manholes are provided in the casing to render
the interior of the apparatus easily accessible.

page_text: -**-
Part of the said casing has a return grist-chamber formed upon one of its walls..
The said chamber communicates, by means of channels having suitably-inclined
surfaces, with the interior of the reducing chamber, and the inclined surfaces
aforesaid are provided in order that the material in the said return grist-chamber
can gravitate back into the reducing chamber as is requisite during the working of
the apparatus.
In certain cases we find it advantageous to employ a continuous feed device for
delivering material to the machine. This may consist, for instance, of a hopper,
fixed to the outer wall of the machine and having a shaking tray thereunder, the
latter being actuated by an eccentric and strap mounted on a spindle which is
operated in any suitable manner. The said hopper is provided with a suitable
valve to regulate the flow of material therefrom.
An important feature of our invention is a pneumatic separator which is fitted
with a manhole and clamping device and comprises a hood, or closed chamber,
connected at its lower end with the upper portion of the casing of a pulverizing-
machine of the type hereinbefore described, and connected at or near its upper end
with the suction inlet of a centrifugal fan. The delivery pipe of the fan is connected
to any suitable collecting chamber. Within the said hood are baffles, arranged for
a purpose hereinafter explained. One baffle is arranged so as to act upon the
current of pulverized material which issues from the machine through the impinging
bars and to direct the said current into that part of the hood in which the material
in the current is subjected to the full intensity of the blower suction. Another
baffle acts to cause the heavier and insufficiently-ground particles to fall on to a
sloping wall in the hood, down which they gravitate into the grist return chamber
and thence into the reducing chamber of the machine for further reduction, and
acts also to direct the light particles towards the outlet, near which a further small
baffle is placed.
Thus a separation of the fine from the coarse particles is effected without the use
of screens, sieves or similar appliances.
In certain cases we provide a suitable motor on the same bed-plate or same
foundation as the machine. Upon the main shaft of the motor, and upon the
beater-shaft of the machine we provide gearing by which the two are suitably
connected so that the motor may drive the beater at suitable speed. For instance
we may place a worm upon the beater spindle, and drive the worm by means of a
worm-wheel secured upon the motor-shaft.
We provide water-jackets for the reducing chambers, in certain cases and provide
the said jackets with proper circulators.
In apparatus of this kind arrangements for preventing dust from entering the
bearings during the working of the machine are matters of considerable importance
and we accordingly provide circular flyers or cupped washers upon the main shaft.
The flyers are affixed to the shaft and cast off any grit or dust that may issue from
the reducing chamber. We also provide a constant air blast around that end of
each bearing which is nearest the reducing chamber, which blast acts to prevent
dust entering the bearings.
To obtain this air blast the main shaft is drilled centrally, from each end, for a
distance equal to the length of the respective bearings. Radial holes are cut
through the shaft to meet the central passage. Accordingly, as the spindle rotates,
a current of air is set up which flows through the central passage and out through
the radial passages into the air around the nose of the brasses; a sufficiently strong
blast of air is generated to prevent any dust from entering the adjacent end of the
bearing.

page_text: COMPLETE DIECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Machines for Grinding, Crushing,
or Disintegrating Grain or other Materials.
We,
SIDNEY STRAKER, of 139 Cannon Street, in the City of London, formerly
of 37 Pomeroy Street, New Cross, in the County of Surrey, Civil Engineer, and
THE CENTRAL CYCLONE COMPANY, LIMITED, Manufacturers, of 37 Pomeroy
Street aforesaid, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
Our invention relates to improvements in machines for grinding, crushing, or
disintegrating grain and other materials.
The principal object of our said invention is to provide an improved pulverizing
disintegrator for the purpose of reducing dry solids and heavy material.
Further objects of our invention are to improve the driving-mechanism and
certain details of such apparatus.
In order that our invention may be clearly understood we will now proceed to
describe the same with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
Figure 1 is a plan of the machine in which the grist is pulverized to an impalpable
condition and then ejected through the top according to our invention,
Figure 2 is a vertical section on the line ', ' of Figure 1,
Figure 3 is a view of the machine half in elevation, and half in transverse
vertical section at right angles to Figure 2 and on the line y¹, y' of Figure 2.
Figure 4 is a detail of the machine illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3,
Figure 5 is an exterior elevation of the machine illustrated in Figures 1, 2, and 3,
with the addition of apparatus hereinafter fully described, and constituting an
important adjunct to the said machine, and to others pulverizers,
Figure 6 is a view at right angles to Figure 5, of the apparatus illustrated in the
latter figure,
Figures 7 and 8 are elevations, at right angles to each other, and partly in
section, of one arrangement of driving-mechanism according to this invention.
With reference first to Figures 1, 2 and 3, A. is the reducing chamber, formed
within a rectangular casing and a suitable hollow bed B which supports the said
casing, C is the beater shaft upon which is secured a fan or beater D and a
pulley E by which rotation is imparted thereto.
A is a channel or shoot by which the material to be disintegrated is introduced
into the reducing chamber. Upon the inside of the machine walls, two serrated
impinging-rings J are bolted in parallel vertical planes, between which rings the
fan D revolves. The serrated faces of the said rings are inclined so as to be
nearer the fan D at their outer circumferences than at their inner circumferences
as shown in Figure 2. Each said ring may be built up of bars or of separate
serrated plates, or may be made in one piece or in four or more segments.
In the machine shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3, impinging-bars K K are arranged
in a double series placed in the upper portion of the reducing chamber, the lower
portion being closed by corrugated impinging-surfaces P, P. Further, a relief
chamber B¹ is formed in the casing B. Material disintegrated in this machine is
ejected between the bars K K' as hereinafter set forth.
The bars K fit in recesses J' provided at the edges of the impinging serrated side
ratchets J, and are fixed in the said recesses by segmental plates Qbolted to the
side walls of the casing as shown and bearing upon the tops of the bars. Holes Q¹
are formed in the said segmental plates for the reception of the ends of bars K'.
The bars K and K' are arranged to form two concentric series; the bars of each
series break joint with the bars of the other series. The corrugated impinging

page_text: surfaces P are supported at their lower ends upon a bearing-piece R forming part
of the main frame of the machine, and their upper ends are held in position by the
screws S screwed through the casing. By slacking back the screws S the impinging
segments P may be readily removed from the machine.
The relief chamber B₁ which as aforesaid is provided upon one of the walls of
the casing B, is open at its upper end, and at its lower end communicates with the
interior of the reducing chamber, within the periphery of the grinding fan, by
openings B. The lower walls B³ of the relief chamber are inclined or hoppered
to cause material which falls thereon to return readily into the reducing chamber A,
by gravitation and by the action of the air current. The said relief or return
grist chamber B' is provided to convey all particles of insufficiently ground
material back into the reducing chamber A where it is further reduced until of
a sufficiently fine consistency to be carried away by an exhauster into the grist
depositing room. A', Figure 2, is the feed channel by which material for reduction
is first introduced to the reducing chamber A; a continuous feed may supplement
the hand feed.
Such a continuous feed is illustrated in Figure 4 wherein A² is a hopper with
a bottom A³ which can reciprocate.
C¹ is an eccentric fixed upon a counter-shaft C³ and connected to the hopper
bottom A, which it reciprocates as the shaft C² rotates.
The apparatus illustrated in Figures 5 and 6 constitutes a pneumatic separator
which is fitted with a man-hole and clamping device and comprises a hood, or
closed chamber T connected at its lower end, as shown, with the upper portion
of the casing of a machine of the type shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3, and con-
nected at its upper end by the bent channel T, with the suction inlet of a
centrifugal fan Y. The delivery pipe U₁ of the fan is connected to any suitable
collecting chamber. Within the said hood are baffles T1, T2, T3, and T',
arranged as shown for a purpose hereinafter explained. The baffles T¹ and T
are arranged so as to act upon the current of pulverized material which issues
from the machine through the bars K K (Figure 2 for example), to cause the
heavier and insufficiently ground particles to travel on to the sloping wall T' of
the hood down which they gravitate into the grist return chamber B₁ (Figure 2
for example) and thence into the reducing chamber of the machine for further
reduction.
All fine dust is separated from these heavier particles and carried away through
the channel T on top of the hood by means of the exhauster U and transported
to the depositing chamber. Thus a separation of the fine from the coarse
particles is effected without the use of screens, sieves or similar appliances. The
course of the currents of material in the said apparatus is indicated by the arrows
in the drawings.
In machinery of this kind arrangements for preventing dust from entering the
bearings during the working of the machine are matters of considerable importance
and we accordingly provide circular flyers or cupped washers C³ upon the main
shaft C, as in Fig. 2. The flyers are affixed to the shaft and cast off centrifugally
any grit or dust that may issue from the reducing chamber.
We provide water-jackets for the reducing chambers, in certain cases and
provide the said jackets with proper circulators.
We will now proceed to describe the improved driving-apparatus shown in
Figures 7 and 8, wherein V is a suitable double-acting steam engine on the same
bed-plate or same foundation as the pulverizing machine. C₁ is a worm fixed
upon the grinding mill shaft C and having, preferably, six or more threads. The
motor is enclosed in a casing v, and the worm and worm-wheel are enclosed in a
casing which forms an extension of the casing v with a removable top cover v²,
and also a removable hood 3 which latter is provided in order that easy access
to the bearing thereunder may be had. The bearings V2 of the shaft V and the
bearings C of the shaft C are provided with caps having open tops which will
always be kept full of lubricant from the oil bath by the splashing of the same

page_text: from the moving parts. The provision of the separate casing v' for the worm and
worm-wheel improves the construction of the apparatus, for the vertical walls
thereof form good supports for the bearings C³ which bridge the space between
them and serve in turn to tie the said side walls together so as to stiffen the
structure. Part of the main-framing as at W is formed to serve as an oil-bath
for the worm wheel and the motor.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that
what we claim is :-
1. A grinding mill constructed with a grist-return chamber which communicates
with the reducing chamber at a point inside the periphery of the grinding fan,
substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.
2. A grinding mill constructed with two or more concentric series of impinging
bars arranged substantially as described for the purpose specified.
3. The method of securing the bars of the concentric series of impinging-bars
in place, as herein before described.
4. The combination, with the grinding mill herein described, of a separating
chamber T with or without a fan and constructed substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to Figures 5 and 6 of the accompanying drawings, for the
purpose specified.
5. The means for keeping the bearings free from dust and grit, arranged and
operating substantially as hereinbefore described.
6. The combination, with a grinding mill, of a motor and enclosed driving-
mechanism constructed substantially as set forth for the purpose specified.
7. The combination with a grinding mill, of a motor enclosed in a casing, the
driving-gear and its casing, which latter is attached to the motor casing, and the
bed-plate in which aforesaid casings are mounted, all constructed substantially as
described.
8. A grinding mill substantially as herein before described with reference to
Figures 1, 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings.
9. Driving-apparatus for a grinding mill, constructed and operating substantially
as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 7 and 8 of the accompanying
drawings, for the purposes specified.
D
101
SML 1004
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicants.