Improvements in the Manufacture or Production of Alkaline Aluminates, or Aluminates of the Alkaline Earths, and of Sulphurous Acid.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Nov., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 24th July, 1896-Accepted, 19th Sept., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture or Production of Alkaline
Aluminates, or Aluminates of the Alkaline Earths, and of
Sulphurous Acid.
1, DMITRY ALEXANDROWITCH PÉNIAKOFF of Rue Bauduin Pièrre, Huy in
the Kingdom of Belgium, Chemist do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture, or production of alkaline aluminates,
or aluminates of the alkaline earths, and, simultaneously, of sulphurous acid, by
treating aluminous earths with alkaline sulphates, or sulphates of the alkaline
earths, and coal, or other reducing agent.
In all processes hitherto proposed for the manufacture of aluminates by
calcination of mixtures of bauxite, or the like, alkaline sulphate, and carbonaceous
matter, it has been endeavoured to fix, in the form of sulphide, the whole of the
sulphur of the sulphate; but these processes have not been industrially available
because, at the same time, a combination of alkaline sulphide with compounds of
iron has taken place, and this, being soluble, has entered into the solution of the
aluminate produced, and rendered it impossible to obtain industrially pure and
marketable products.
I have succeeded in depriving the calcinated mass of any combinations of iron
and sodium sulphides, the whole of the sulphur being disengaged, according to my
invention, as sulphurous acid, and being utilized for the recuperation of the
sulphate employed in the operation by means of the well known reaction of
sulphurous acid upon alkaline chlorides."
The said process is founded upon the following reaction :-
in which the quantity of carbon entering into the reaction is one fourth the
quantity necessary to completely reduce the sulphate in combination, in the form
of alkaline sulphide, so that only one fourth of the oxygen forming the sulphate
can combine with the carbon.
Amongst the natural ores of alumina, those which are practically free from
silica, are preferred for the purposes of my invention, such as red bauxite, which
contains only alumina, and iron sesqui oxide, with a very small quantity of silica
and other bodies. For instance, the bauxite I have found to answer weil, is
composed of 60 per cent. of alumina and 24 per cent. of sesqui oxide of iron, which
corresponds practically with the formula :-

page_text: In order to perform this reaction on an industrial scale it is necessary to take a
quantity of sulphate equivalent to the alumina contained in the bauxite, and
carbon (such as pit coal, coke, or wood charcoal) in quantity corresponding to
one fourth, or thereabouts of the quantity usually employed to completely convert
the sulphate into sulphide.
An intimate mixture of these materials, ground to a very fine state of division,
is subjected to a high degree of calcination, without admission of air.
Means are
provided to conduct the sulphurous acid gas into the apparatus wherein it is to be
utilized, for instance, directly into a Hargreaves apparatus for the recuperation of
alkaline sulphate, or into apparatus for the obtainment of the sulphuric acid.
The alkaline aluminate contained in the product of the calcination can afterwards
be extracted by methodical washing.
Dated this 19th day of November 1895.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
COME ELE DI ECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture or Production of Alkaline
Aluminates, or Aluminates of the Alkaline Earths, and of
Sulphurous Acid.
I, DMITRY ALEXANDROWITCH PÉNIAKOFF of Rue Bauduin Pièrre, Huy in
the Kingdom of Belgium, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to the manufacture or production of alkaline aluminates,
or aluminates of the alkaline earths, and simultaneously of sulphurous acid by
treating aluminous earths with alkaline sulphates, or sulphates of the alkaline
earths and coal, or other reducing agent.
In all processes hitherto proposed for the manufacture of aluminates by
calcination of mixtures of bauxite, or the like, alkaline sulphate, and carbonaceous
matter, it has been endeavoured to fix, in the form of sulphide, the whole of the
sulphur of the sulphate; but these processes have not been industrially available
because, at the same time, a combination of alkaline sulphide with compounds of
iron has taken place, and this, being soluble, has entered into the solution of the
aluminate produced and rendered it impossible to obtain industrially pure and
marketable products.
I have succeeded in depriving the calcinated mass of any combinations of iron
and sodium sulphides, the whole of the sulphur being disengaged, according to my
invention, as sulphurous acid, and being utilized for the recuperation of the
sulphate employed in the operation by means of the well known reaction of
sulphurous acid upon alkaline chlorides.
The said process is founded upon the fallowing reactio
in which the quantity of carbon entering into the reaction is one fourth the
quantity necessary to completely reduce the sulphate in combination, in the form
of alkaline sulphide, so that only one fourth of the oxygen forming the sulphate
can combine with the carbon.
Amongst the natural ores of alumina, those which are practically free from
silica, are preferred for the purposes of my invention, such as red bauxite, which
contains only alumina and iron sesquioxide, with a very small quantity of silica
and other bodies. For instance the bauxite I have found to answer well, is

page_text: composed of 60 per cent. of alumina and 24 per cent. of sesquioxide of iron which
corresponds practically with the formula:
4 Al₂O, + Fe,О¸.
°
2 (4 A1,0, + Fе,O₂) + 8 Na,SO₁ + 5 C =
16 AINaO, +8 SO, + 4 FeO + 5 CO₂.
Here the excess of carbon is utilised for the reduction of the iron sesqui-
oxide (FeO3) into oxide (FeO).
In order to perform this reaction on an industrial scale it is necessary to take a
quantity of sulphate equivalent to the alumina contained in the bauxite and carbon
(such as pit coal, coke, or wood charcoal) in quantity corresponding to one fourth,
or thereabouts, of the quantity usually employed to completely convert the
sulphate into sulphide.
An intimate mixture of these materials, ground to a very fine state of division,.
is subjected to a high degree of calcination, without admission of air. Means are
provided to conduct the sulphurous acid gas into the apparatus wherein it is to be
utilized for instance, directly into a Hargreaves apparatus for the recuperation of
alkaline sulphate, or into apparatus for the obtainment of the sulphuric acid.
The alkaline aluminate contained in the product of the calcination can afterwards
be extracted by methodical washing.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what 1
claim is :-
The manufacture of aluminates simultaneously with the production of sulphurous
acid by calcining an intimate mixture of alkaline sulphates or sulphates of the
alkaline earths with aluminous matter and charcoal or other carbonaceous matter
in or about the proportions hereinbefore indicated.
Dated this 24th day of July 1896.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.