IMPROVEMENTS IN TENON CUTTING MACHINERY
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Green Hirst at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th July 1882.
JAMES GREEN HIRST of Leeds in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TENON
CUTTING MACHINERY
"
My Invention consists of an arrangement whereby I am enabled not only to cut
tenons to any desired thickness and depth but also during this operation to cross
cut and so remove the sides or waste pieces.
On suitable framework I mount a vertical spindle which I make adjustable in a
vertical direction. On the upper end of this are provided a pair of circular saws,
the distance between which may be varied to suit the thickness of tenon by rings
or collars of different lengths placed between them and on the spindle. These saws
are for cutting out the tenons.
For the purpose of cross cutting to remove the side or waste pieces I provide
two horizontal spindles parallel with each other and in a vertical plane with each
other. The lower one is mounted in fixed bearings and the upper one in bearings
on an adjustable slide.
At the end of each spindle are mounted small circular saws placed thereon so
that one is directly above the other.
In order to adjust these saws in a lateral direction I so construct the spindles as
to be adjustable in their bearings.
Rotary motion is imparted to the cross cut saws from driving shaft through
suitable gearing and by preference transmitted thereto by pitch chains.
The required rotary motion for the saws for cutting the tenon is transmitted
from the driving shaft through suitable gearing. The driving shaft is actuated
either by hand or from some suitable motive power.
On the framework I provide a slide carrying a table, such table being attached

page_text: thereto by parallel arms or links so arranged that the table may be raised or
lowered by a parallel movement being adjusted in any desired position by set screw
or screws. This adjustment is for the purpose of adapting the machine to suit the
various thicknesses of the material.
The sliding piece carrying the table with it is caused to traverse by means of a
screw mounted in suitable bearings on the framework and working into a nut
attached to the sliding piece. The nut is so arranged that it may be thrown in or
out of gear with the screw either by the attendant or automatically. Motion is
imparted to the screw through suitable gearing from the driving shaft.
The material to be operated upon is clamped or otherwise fixed to the above ]
mentioned table for the operation,

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Green Hirst in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th January
1883.
JAMES GREEN HIRST of Leeds in the County of York "IMPROVEMENTS IN TENON
CUTTING MACHINERY"
My Invention consists of an arrangement whereby I am enabled not only to cut
tenons to any desired thickness and depth but also during this operation to cross
cut and so remove the sides or waste pieces
On a suitable framework I mount a vertical spindle which I make adjustable in
- a vertical direction. On the upper end of this are provided a pair of circular saws
the distance between which may be varied to suit the thickness of tenon by rings
or collars of different lengths placed between them and on the spindle. These saws
are for cutting out the tenons
For the purpose of cross cutting to remove the side or waste pieces I provide
two horizontal spindles parallel with each other and in the same vertical plane with
each other. The lower one is mounted in fixed bearings and the upper one in
bearings on an adjustable slide
At the end of each spindle are mounted small circular saws placed thereon so one
is directly above the other.
In order to adjust these saws in a lateral direction I so construct the spindles as
to be adjustable in their bearings. Rotary motion is imparted to the cross cut
saws from the driving shaft through suitable gearing and by preference transmitted
thereto by pitch chains
The required rotary motion for the saws for cutting the tenon is transmitted
from the driving shaft through suitable gearing. The driving shaft is actuated
either by hand or from some suitable motive power
On the framework I provide a slide carrying a table such table being attached
thereto by parallel arms or links so arranged that the table may be raised or
lowered by a parallel movement being adjusted in any desired position by set screw
or screws. This adjustment is for the purpose of adapting the machine to suit the
various thicknesses of the material.
The sliding piece carrying the table with it is caused to traverse by means of a
screw mounted in suitable bearings on the framework and working into a nut
attached to the sliding piece. The nut is so arranged that it may be thrown in or
out of gear with the screw either by the attendant or automatically. Motion is
imparted to the screw through suitable gearing from the driving shaft
The material to be operated upon is clamped or otherwise fixed to the above
mentioned table for the operation.
And in order that my Invention may be the more readily understood reference
is given to the accompanying drawings and to the letters and marks thereon,
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig 1 is a front elevation Fig 2 a side elevation Fig 3 a plan looking at the
top. Figs 4 and 5 are respectively a side elevation and a plan of details to be
hereafter described. The standard or framework of the machine is shewn at a,
on it I mount a vertical spindle 6 in bearings c and d. This spindle b may be
adjusted in a vertical direction by the set screw e. On the upper end of the
spindle 6 and secured thereto are provided a pair of circular saws f and g. The
distance between such saws ƒ and g may be varied, to suit the thickness of tenon i
to be cut, by rings or collars h of different lengths or thicknesses placed between
12
11
•

page_text: For the purpose of cross-cutting to remove the side or waste pieces j I provide
two horizontal spindles and parallel with each other and at right angles to the•
vertical spindle b. The lower spindle k is mounted in fixed bearings m and the
upper spindle in the long bearing n on the radial arm which is attached to
the bracket o in such a manner that it may be made to slide or move round for
the purpose of varying or altering the distanco apart of the cross-cutting saws p
and which are mounted on the ends of the spindles k and respectively. These
spindles k and carrying the cross cut saws p and q may be adjusted when require i
end wise in their bearings
.
The rotary motion is imparted to the cross cut saws p and q from the driving
shaft & through the chain wheels t and pitch chains u. The rotary motion for the
saws and g for cutting the tenon i is transmitted from the driving shaft & and
bevil gearing v and vertical shaft b. The driving shaft 8 is actuated by hand
through the wheel w or from some suitable motor. On the framework a is fitted
.so as to slide freely a bracket on which is fitted the adjustable table y which
carries the material to be operated upon. Although in some cases I may employ
parallel arms or links through which the table y may be raised or lowered I find in
practice that the adjustment should be effected by means of the regulating screw
and nut a¹ such nut a' being provided in the projecting piece 6' on the frame-
work a
The table y carrying the material is caused to move horizontally during the
cutting operation of the saws from the driving shaft & through the spur wheels
c, d, the shaft e¹ the bevil wheel f¹, the spur wheels g² and g³ and the screw h¹
which is caused to revolve in the half nut attached to the table y. For the
purpose of arresting the movement of the table y, the half-nut is so fitted that
it can be withdrawn or thrown into gear at pleasure with the screw h³ either by
the attendant through the handle k or automatically
Figs 4 and 5 shew the shaft e' with spur wheel d¹ which is taperd at las
shewn for the purpose of reducing the width of its face to allow it to move and
work slightly askew whilst in gear with the spur wheel c' consequent upon the
varied position the shaft e¹ assumies in adjusting the bracket x. The bearing m¹
at the end of the shaft e¹ is so arranged as to be self adjusting and allows of a
slight longitudinal movement of the shaft e'. The opposite end of the shaft e¹
is supported in the socket m³ mounted on the horizontal shaft h³ about which the
shaft e¹ can move radially.
In the above arrangement of machine I by preference arrange the position of the
cross-cut saws p and q so that they finish the cross-cut or nearly so prior to the
saws ƒ and g coming into operation.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention and described with
the aid of drawings how the same may be carried into practice I would have it
understood that I do not limit myself to the precise details or configuration of the
parts I have described and shown as the same may be varied or modified without
departing from the nature of my said Invention;-what I do claim is :-
The general arrangement, construction, and combination of the various parts
forming the machine for cutting tenons, and mere modifications of the same,
substantially as herein set forth.
In Witness whereof I the said. James Green Hirst have hereunto set my
hand and seal this fourth day of January in the year of our Lord One
thousand night