IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY WHEEL TYRES, AND IN THE IMPLEMENTS OR TOOLS EMPLOYED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Daniel Allen, of Endcliffe, Sheffield, in the
County of York, Steel Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY WHEEL TYRES, AND IN THE
IMPLEMENTS OR TOOLS EMPLOYED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE."
Sealed the 29th August 1865, and dated the 9th March 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Daniel Allen
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 9th March 1865.
I, WILLIAM DANIEL ALLEN, of "Endcliffe, Sheffield, in the County of York,
Steel Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY WHEEL TYRES, AND IN THE
IMPLEMENTS OR TOOLS EMPLOYED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in forming the rings or hoops to be rolled into
railway wheel tyres with their peripheries bevilled, so that their diameter is
greater at one edge than at the other; a ring or hoop so shaped may be with
great facility rolled into a tyre, as the larger diameter edge of such ring or

page_text: hoop will in the rolls most readily form the flange of the tyre. To effect this
object I make the anvil block of a steam or other hammer with a projecting
beak placed at such an angle to the face of the falling hammer that when a
ring or hoop is placed upon the beak of the anvil and hammered, the required
degree of of bevil is given to it; the side of the anvil block from which the beak
projects may also be inclined to about a right angle with the beak, so as to
support the ring or hoop in its sloping position. The rings or hoops to be
bevilled in this manner may be cast in rings, or forged from masses of steel
by either punching, cutting, or otherwise forming the hole therein. The
anvil block, in addition to the projecting beak and sloping side, may have a
flat surface as usual for the purpose of working the sides of the rings or
hoops, so that the periphery may be wrought upon the beak, and the sides
upon the flat face alternately, as desirable.
In order that the projecting beak of the anvil may better sustain the force
of the blow, I cast the anvil block in steel or a mixture of steel and cast iron.
The form of anvil block described may, however, be sometimes made strong
enough in cast iron alone. I also produce a bevilled periphery, or a larger
diameter to one side than the other, of rings or hoops for tyres during their
process of manufacture by either or a combination of the following means,
that is to say, when the rings or hoops are made from round masses or thick
slabs of steel, which are hammered or flattened down and punched, the thick
slab or round mass of steel may itself be forged bevil or taper, and when
flattened to the required thickness and punched, it will to some extent still
retain its bevil shape; or the bevil form may be given during the flattening of
the round mass or thick slab by spreading one end of it to a larger diameter
than the other by means of a half-round or other shaped fuller; or the bevil
form may be given by heating one side of the round mass or thick slab hotter
than the other, when it will be found that the hottest side will spread in the
flattening process to a larger diameter than the cooler side.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Daniel Allen in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 7th September 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
DANIEL ALLEN, of Endcliffe, Sheffield, in the County of York, Steel Manu-
facturer, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Daniel Allen, Her special licence that I, the said William Daniel
Allen, my executors, administrators, and assigns; or such others as I, the said
William Daniel Allen, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM--
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY WHEEL TYRES, AND IN THE
IMPLEMENTS OR TOOLS EMPLOYED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Daniel Allen, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manuer the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Daniel Allen, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :--
My Invention consists in forming rings or hoops to be rolled into railway
wheel tyres with their peripheries bevilled, so that their diameter is greater.
at one edge than at the other; a ring or hoop so shaped may be with great
facility rolled into a tyre, as the larger diameter edge of such ring or hoop
will in the rolls most readily form the flange of the tyre. To effect this
object I make the anvil block of a steam or other hammer with a projecting
beak placed at such an angle to the face of the falling hammer that when.a
ring or hoop is placed upon the beak of the anvil and hammered, the required
degree of bevil is given to it; the side of the anvil block from which the beak
projects may also be inclined to about a right angle with the beak, so as to
support the ring or hoop in its sloping position. The rings. or hoops to be
bevilled in this manner may be cast in rings, or forged from masses of steel
by either punching, cutting, or otherwise forming the hole therein. The anvil
block, in addition to the projecting beak and sloping side, may have a flat

page_text: surface as usual for the purpose of working the sides of the rings or hoops,
so that the periphery may be wrought upon the beak, and the sides upon the
flat face alternately, as desirable.
In order that this part of my Invention may be more clearly understood, I
annex hereto a Drawing shewing a side elevation of the anvil block and
hammer face, and also showing in the same Drawing a ring or hoop under
operation.
A is the anvil block with a projecting beak B; C is the hammer face; and
D, D, a section of the ring or hoop. The ring or hoop should be first heated
to the requisite heat for forging, and then hung upon the anvil beak, and
upon being hammered with the face C, it should be slowly turned round upon
the beak, so that each part may in its turn receive the blow until it has
assumed somewhat of the bevil form, when it may be taken off the beak and
placed upon the flat part of the anvil, in order that the sides may be ham-
mered and flattened; this will be better understood by reference to the
Drawing, where a ring or hoop is shown in dotted lines E in its proper
position for hammering the sides; in performing this part of the operation
the front edge of the ring or hoop will require to be supported by means of
levers or other suitable contrivances, and the ring or hoop should be gradually
moved round so as to bring each part successively under the blow; these
operations of hammering the ring or hoop upon the beak and the flat surface
of the anvil may be repeated alternately, until the ring or hoop has assumed
the desired form.
In order that the projecting beak of the anvil may better sustain the force
of the blow, I cast the anvil block in steel or a mixture of steel and cast iron.
The form of anvil block described may, however, be sometimes made strong
enough in cast iron alone. I also produce a bevilled periphery, or a larger
diameter to one side than the other, of rings or hoops for tyres during their
process of manufacture by either or a combination of the following means,
that is to say, when the rings or hoops are made from round masses or
thick slabs of steel, which are hammered or flattened down and punched,
the thick slab or round mass of steel may itself be forged bevil or taper,
and when flattened to the requisite thickness and punched it will to some
extent still retain its bevil shape, or the bevil form may be given during the
flattening of the round mass or thick slab, by spreading one side of it to a
larger diameter than the other by means of a half-round or other shaped fuller;
or the bevil form may be given by heating one side of the round mass or
thick slab hotter than the other, when it will be found that the bottest

page_text: side will spread in the flattening process to a larger diameter than the cooler
side.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Daniel Allen, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
WILLIAM DANIEL ALLEN. (L.B.)