IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CIRCULATING, HEATING, AND PURIFYING THE FEED WATER FOR STEAM BOILERS, AND IN THE CONNECTIONS OF OR MODE OF ATTACHING SUCH APPARATUS TO THE SAID BOILERS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Berryman, of Hartford, State of Con-
necticut, United States of America, but at present residing at
Newcastle-on-Tyne, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR CIRCULATING, HEATING, AND PURIFYING THE FEED WATER FOR STEAM
BOILERS, AND IN THE CONNECTIONS OF OR MODE OF ATTACHING SUCH APPARATUS
TO THE SAID BOILERS."
Sealed the 1st December 1874, and dated the 26th September 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Berryman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 26th September 1874.
I, ROBERT BERRYMAN, of Hartford, State of Connecticut, United
States of America, but at present residing at Newcastle-on-Tyne, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR CIRCULATING, HEATING, AND PURIFYING THE FEED WATER FOR
STEAM BOILERS, AND IN THE CONNECTIONS OF OR MODE OF ATTACHING SUCH APPA-
RATUS TO THE SAID BOILERS," to be as follows:-

page_text: for steam boilers, also in the connections or fittings of or in the mode of
applying or attaching such apparatus to any class of boiler, whether
locomotive, marine, stationary, or otherwise.
These improvements comprise various modifications of detail and
arrangement to suit the different and necessary circumstances under
which the apparatus is employed for utilizing the waste heat, whether
arising from the flues of the boiler or from the exhaust steam of a steam
engine.
The said apparatus can be placed in the smoke box or draft flue, or in
any other convenient part of a boiler, or submerged in the water con-
tained in the tender of a locomotive.
In order that some of the advantages of my Invention may be more
clearly understood it is necessary to state that heating apparatus here-
tofore placed in the flues of steam boilers has not been what was
requisite, particularly in the case of marine and locomotive boilers, where
the space is limited and their construction can allow but a small quantity
of water to be contained in any such apparatus, the water being usually
forced through it to the boiler, so that when the water supply to the
boiler is stopped the circulation of water through the heating apparatus
in the flue is also stopped, thus leaving it filled with water under boiler
pressure, the temperature of the water being such that it generates
steam, which increases the pressure in the apparatus. This increased
pressure becomes greater than that in the boiler, and it results in the
steam forcing the water entirely out of the heating apparatus into the
boiler. Thus the apparatus is left full of steam, which is soon super-
heated, and the material of which the apparatus is constructed becomes
damaged by the heat and rendered useless. The temperature in many
flues averages 700 degrees Fahrenheit, and as it is the principle of steam
to ascend and remain on the top of the water in such apparatus a
constant circulation is the only way by which these difficulties can be
avoided.
It
The danger of stoppage to a steamship or locomotive in many cases is
of such importance that any apparatus for the purpose should be so con-
structed as to entirely avoid the possibility of such an occurrence.
should have facilities for blowing out the deposits settling in it coming
from the feed water, and it should also be so connected to the boiler that
at any time its water communication therewith could be quickly and

page_text: entirely closed and allow the boiler to be supplied in the ordinary way,
thus providing against the risk of a stoppage should the apparatus from
any cause fail to work.
One form of my Invention by which these difficulties are overcomo,
and which is applicable to any class of boiler, but in the present instance
is attached to a locomotive, consists of a coiled pipe or heater placed in
the smoke box. Through this coiled pipe or heater the feed water is
made to pass on its way to the boiler,. thus absorbing a great portion of
the waste heat, which impinges on the outside of the said heater from
the interior of the smoke box.
The water from the pump or injector passes through the inlet or supply
pipe, and through a compound or reversible acting check valve in the
latter into the lowest coil of the coiled pipe or heater, the said check
valve preventing the return of the water to the pump or injector when
the latter is stopped. The water then passes through the various coils
of the heater and through a down return pipe through a combined regu-
lating cock and check valve, and thence cither into the boiler or partially
returned to the inlet or supply pipe. The said compound or reversible
clicck valve consists of two check valves, one of which is in connection
with the inlet or supply pipe and the other with the circulating pipe
which communicates with the water space of the boiler at a point where
the water is comparatively cool, the effect of which is that by bringing hot
water to the plates of the boiler that now remain contracted, owing to
comparatively cold water being in contact therewith, where licat from the
furnace cannot act, a more uniform expansion of those parts and a greater
durability of the boiler is ensured, as well as an improved circulation of
the water maintained. The action of the two check valves is reversed,
so that when the boiler is being supplied with feed water the opening
of the check valve in communication with the inlet or supply pipe and
with the heater closes the check valve in communication with the
independent circulating pipe and the boiler, the pressure in this case
acting upon the face of the former valve and upon the back or greatest
arca of the latter valve, which to ensure positive action is closed by a
spindle or extension stud playing in a hollow sleeve and operated by
the increased pressure from the feeding apparatus acting upon the face
of the former valve to which the spindle or stud is attached.
When the feed to the boiler is stopped the former check valve closcs,
and the latter valve opens and allows a free circulation of water through

page_text: :
the heater and into the boiler until the latter again requires feed water,
when the action of the apparatus then opens the former valve and closes
the latter valve, thereby causing all the feed water to pass through the
coiled pipes or heater before entering the boiler.
The combined regulating cock and check valve before mentioned com-
municates at its lower portion or cock with the return down pipe from
the heater and with the pipe to the inlet or supply pipe and at its upper
part or check valve with the boiler by means of the regulating cock.
Any deposit or dirt lodged in the heater may be blown out with all the
force due to the pressure in the boiler. The blowing out may be done
either when the feed apparatus is working or not, owing to the advantage
of the circulating pipe which supplies the heater with water. By the
constant circulation thus produced the inside of the heater is kept per-
fectly clean. An auxiliary valve is placed in the pipe leading from the
compound or reversible check valve before mentioned and the coiled pipe
or heater. A similar valve is also placed in the circulating pipe. By
turning the cock of the combined regulating cock and check valve com-
munication is opened with the inlet or supply pipe, and at the same time
closed with the return pipe from the heater, thereby giving facilities for
feeding the boiler in the usual manner without being obliged to stop the
engines. Should the feeding apparatus leak it would only be necessary
to close the first-named auxiliary valve.
Modified forms of this heater, which may be placed in the flue or
other convenient part of a boiler with similar connections to those already
described, consist of a series of upright U bent tubes or pipes arranged
in parallel rows or in nests, each succeeding row or series of which arises
above and spans over the preceding row or series, or they may be
arranged in any other desirable manner. The open ends of these tubes
are expanded or fixed into a plate, and open into a corresponding series
of separate chambers, which have division plates so arranged that the
water is caused to pass up and down through each pipe, or through all
the pipes in each row or series successively, the inlet and outlet branches
being at the opposite sides or extreme corners of the apparatus.
These modified forms of heater are applicable either for heating or
evolving vapors or liquids for any purpose. When submerged in the
water tender of a locomotive for heating water with exhaust steam the
said division plates may all, or part of them, be taken out, as the-flow of

page_text: the condensed water from the pipes is regulated by a cock when it is
unnecessary to allow the steam to exhaust through it owing to the
pressure in the exhaust pipe of the engine being sufficient to keep the
pipes constantly filled with steam.
Another form of heater which may be submerged in the water tender
of a locomotive consists of return bent pipes made in an inclined form,
so that the condensed water from the exhaust steam will flow to the
drip pipe, which can be so regulated if necessary that no steam will
pass out. This form can also be placed in the flue of a boiler, and in all
such cases the feed water is forced through the inside of the apparatus,
but if placed in the tender of a locomotive the exhaust steam is passed
through the apparatus and heats the water contained in the tender.
Another plan is to connect the exhaust pipe of a locomotive with
the water tender by a branch pipe and flexible connection by means
of a cock; communication with the tender and heating apparatus can
be closed or opened at will, and when running up grade the exhaust
steam could all be used to assist the draught in the smoke box.
Perforations may be made in the exhaust pipe for the purpose of
enabling the exhaust steam to assist in blowing the soot or other light
deposits from the outside surface of the heating apparatus, which is
placed in such a position as not to interfere with cleaning out the boiler
tubes.
Past experience has made it evident that in heating water for
stationary boilers an apparatus that would give economical results in
some cases will not be so in others, as for instance in a section of
country where a sufficient supply of water and a constant pressure is
obtained to feed the boiler against their working pressure. A feeding
apparatus can be dispensed with if the heater used is so constructed
that it does not mix the feed water and the exhaust steam together.
But where the water is impregnated with minerals an apparatus of this
construction would probably require taking apart in order to cleanse the
same from the deposits remaining on its heating surface, otherwise such
deposits would act as a non-conductor of heat.
To obviate this difficulty and to obtain the best results from these
varying circumstances I use further modifications in the forms of and
mode of applying or attaching the heaters. .

page_text: One modification consists of a circular or other suitably shaped water-
heating reservoir, to which is attached the exhaust pipe from the engine:
The outlet pipe for the spent steam is at the top of the said reservoir..
The water outlet or supply to this reservoir is controlled by a valve acted
upon by a submerged float or regulator working in a box fixed at the
water level of the heater, so that as the water rises and falls in the
heater and in the said box the submerged float acts upon and regulates
the inlet valve accordingly by means of suitable gear in connection
therewith.
A syphon pipe is fitted to the lower part of the reservoir so as to avoid
any risk of water overflow in case of accident to the regulating
apparatus. The water outlet to the pump is below the level of the
water in the reservoir. The interior of this heating reservoir consists of
a series of horizontal perforated gratings carried below the water inlet
or supply at certain distances apart, one above the other, by a rod or
bolt which passes through their centres, and is carried at its upper end
by the roof or cover to the reservoir. The object of these gratings is to
break up the water and reduce it to small globules, and also to break
and increase the volume or current of exhaust steam into a greater
number of fine currents so as to more thoroughly impregnate the
particles of water with heat, thereby causing a quicker and larger deposit
of its impurities in the heater.
Where the water is unusually bad I use a mixer or scoop mounted in
the reservoir below the perforated gratings, and which may be made to
revolve or move backward and forward by suitable mechanical means so
as to more thoroughly mix the steam and feed water together. This
mixer or scoop may be made of a concave or any other suitable shape, so
that when it passes under the water it conveys with it a volume of
steam, and on its return lifts an equal volume of water and throws it
into the steam above the water line, thereby causing the water to
become and remain at the same temperature as the steam, which causes
a much greater deposit to take place than could otherwise be effected.
To more effectually purify the water after being heated I attach to the
discharge pipe of the pump or fecder a filter, the filtering material of
which may be charcoal, sand, stone, wood, or other suitable material,
and is placed between two plates, by which it is compressed, so that it
will require a greater pressure to force the water through the filter

page_text: than is required to feed against the boiler pressure. By this means
hydraulic pressure is produced which ensures a more perfect mode of
separating the deposits from the feed water after it leaves a heater of
any construction.
To cleanse the filter it is only necessary to open the blow-out cock at
its bottom, their close communication between the filter and the pump,
at the same time opening communication between the pump and the
upper portion of the filter, then close the feed pipe to the boiler, and the
pump will then force the water through the cleaning pipe into the top
portion of the filter down through the filtering material and through
the blow-out cock, carrying with it the deposits or other impurities.
When the water used does not contain lime or other minerals the
mixer or filter, or both, may be dispensed with and the heater used
alone.
Other modifications of the heating apparatus may be used when the
water pressure is greater than the boiler pressure, and consequently no
feeding apparatus is required, but they can also be used with a feeding
apparatus when the water is not impregnated with minerals, the con-
struction being such that the steam and water do not mix, thus
preventing the grease from entering with the exhaust steam and passing
with the feed water into the boiler.
One of these modifications consists of hollow circular cast-iron rings
or sections with a nozzle and flange cast on each section, so that the
sections are bolted to each other. The water inlet or supply can be
either at the top or bottom, but the bottom is preferable as a blow cock
may be attached in the feed pipe leading to the boiler, by which the dirt
could be blown from the inside of the sections when the feed water is
passing through them. If the exhaust steam passes through the
sections and the feed water on the outside the blow-out cock would then
be inserted in the water reservoir containing the sections.
In this casc
the exhaust steam would enter at the top of the section, so that the
condensed water would flow down by its own gravity.
The other modification is an iron coil cast in one piece to avoid joints
and reduce the cost, this being an advantage over coils of other metals
as hitherto used. This coil may be made of sufficient diameter that by
attaching the exhaust steam pipe to its top the engine will exhaust

page_text: through the coil without putting back pressure on the piston. It is
arranged to pass the feed water through the coil and the exhaust steam
through the casing containing the coil.
.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Berryman in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 22nd March 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
BERRYMAN, of Hartford, State of Connecticut, United States of America,
at present residing at Newcastle-on-Tyne, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the 38th
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Robert Berryman, Her special license
that I, the said Robert Berryman, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Robert Berryman, my executors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR CIRCULATING, HEATING, AND PURIFYING THE FEED WATER FOR
STEAM BOILERS, AND IN THE CONNECTIONS OF OR MODE OF ATTACHING SUCH Appa-
RATUS TO THE SAID BOILERS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Robert Berryman, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great, Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Berryman, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and

page_text: Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say :-
My Invention relates to improvements in the construction and
arrangement of apparatus for circulating, heating, and purifying the
feed water for steam boilers; also in the connections or fittings of or in
the mode of applying or attaching such apparatus to the smoke box or
flue chamber, or to any other convenient part of any class of boiler
whether locomotive, marine, stationary, or otherwise, and in the mode of
application of such apparatus when it is submerged in the water.
contained in the tender of a locomotive.
These improvements comprise various modifications of detail and
arrangement to suit the different and necessary circumstances under
which the apparatus is employed for utilizing the waste heat, whether
arising from the flues of the boiler or from the exhaust steam of a steam
engine.
It will be here necessary to state that in licating apparatus heretofore
placed in the flues of steam boilers, difficulties have been experienced
particularly in the case of marine and locomotive boilers where the
space is limited, and their construction can allow of but a small quantity
of water being contained in any such apparatus, the water being usually
forced through it to the boiler, so that when the water supply to the
boiler is stopped, the circulation of water through the heating apparatus
in the flue is also stopped, thus leaving it filled with water under boiler
pressure, the temperature of which is such that it generates steam which
increases the pressure in the apparatus. This increased pressure
becomes greater than that in the boiler and results in the steam forcing
the water entirely out of the heating apparatus into the boiler. Thus
the apparatus is left full of steam which is soon.superheated, and the
material of which the apparatus is constructed becomes damaged by
the heat and rendered useless. The temperature in many flues
averages 700° Fahrenheit, and as it is the principle of steam to ascend
and remain on the top of the water, in such apparatus a constant
circulation is the only way by which these difficulties can be
avoided.
The danger of stoppage to a steam ship or locomotive in many cases

page_text: constructed as to entirely avoid the possibility of such an occurrence.
It should have facilities for blowing out the deposits settling in it
coming from the feed water, and it should also be so connected to the
boiler that at any time its water communication, therewith can be
quickly and entirely closed and allow the boiler to be supplied in the
ordinary way, thus providing against the risk of a stoppage should the
apparatus from any cause fail to work.
My Invention consists shortly of an arrangement of water circulating
and heating apparatus; also of check valves with a heating apparatus
placed as mentioned above; also in a combination and arrangement of a
regulating cock with a branch pipe and with a flexible connection or
pipe leading from the exhaust pipe of a locomotive to a heating
apparatus submerged in the water contained in the tender; also in the
construction and arrangement in a water heating reservoir of perforated
gratings in combination or not with a revolving or reciprocating mixer
or scoop, and with a filter for purifying the feed water in its passage to
the boiler.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose
shall refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheets of Drawings,
the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the
corresponding Figures.
Figure 1, Sheet 1, is a side sectional clevation of the front portion of
a locomotive boiler with one form of my Invention attached, and
Figures 2 and 3 are sectional views of parts of Figure 1. This arrange-
ment (which is equally applicable to any class of boiler) consists of a
coiled pipe or heater A placed in the smoke box B, and through which
the feed water is made to pass on its way to the boiler C, thus absorbing
a great portion of the waste heat which impinges on the outside of the
said heater from the interior of the smoke box B.
One mode of carrying the coiled pipe or heater A inside the smoke
box B is by hooks fixed into bars on each side arranged vertically, and
carried at their ends by cross bars in the funnel and smoke box, as
shewn in red, or various other devices for carrying the said heater may
be adopted, as found most desirable.
The water from the pump or injector passes through the inlet or
supply pipe a, and through a compound or reversible acting check
{

page_text: valve D, then through an auxiliary valve E into the lowest coil of the coiled
pipe or heater A, the check valve D preventing the return of the water
to the pump or injector when the latter is stopped. The water then
passes through the various coils of the heater A (as indicated by the
arrows), and through a down return pipe 6 through a regulating cock F,
and an ordinary check valve G into the boiler C. The compound or
reversible check valve D (seen more particularly in Figure 2), consists of
two check valves c, c', the lower valve c being in connection with the
inlet or supply pipe a, and the upper valve c' with the circulating pipe d
which communicates through the auxiliary pipe H with the water
space of the boiler C at a point where the water is comparatively cool,
the effect of which is that by bringing hot water to the plates of the.
boiler that now remain contracted owing to comparatively cold water
being in contact therewith, a more uniform expansion of those parts and
a greater durability of the boiler is ensured as well as an improved
circulation of the water maintained. The action of the two check
valves c, c', is reversed so that when the boiler is being supplied with
feed water the opening of the check valves c in communication with
the inlet or supply pipe a, and with the heater A closes the check
valve c¹ in communication with the circulating pipe d and the boiler C,
the pressure in this case acting upon the face of the lower check valve c,
and upon the back or greatest area of the upper check valve c¹, which.
to ensure positive action is closed by a spindle or extension stud y
(Figure 2), playing in a hollow sleeve, and operated by the increased
pressure from the feeding apparatus acting upon the face of the lower
check valve c to which the said spindle or stud is attached.
When the feed to the boiler C is stopped the lower check valve c
closes, and the upper check valve c¹ opens and allows a free circulation
of water from the part of the boiler C through the heater A, and back
into the boiler C until the latter again requires feed water, when the
action of the pump or injector opens the lower check valve c and closes
the upper check valve c' (as before described), thereby causing all the
feed water to pass through the coiled pipe or heater A before entering
the boiler.
If desired the check valves c, c¹, may be separated and worked inde-
pendently one in cach pipe a, d; or stop-cocks may be substituted and
snounted by hand lust the auranmament aliove decorihod is preformed.

page_text: it is also an important improvement and adaptable to a class of fucl
economizers in present use in the flues of stationary boilers.
The regulating cock F before mentioned (see Figure 3) consists of a
plug e having two openings 1, 2, in it at right angles with cach other,
and working in a chamber formed with four ways or branches 3, 4, 5, 6,
one of which, 3, communicates with the return down pipe from the
heater A, and the other or opposite way or branch 4 with the branch
pipe to the inlet or supply pipe a, whilst its upper way or branch 5
communicates through the check valve G with the boiler C, and its
opposite or lower way or branch 6 leads to waste. By turning the
plug e so that its two openings 1, 2, are respectively opposite to the
'ways or branches 3 and 6, any deposit or dirt lodged in the heater A
may be blown out with all the force due to the pressure in the boiler C.
The blowing out may be effected either when the pump or injector is
working or not, owing to the advantage of the circulating pipe d which
supplies the heater A with water; by the constant circulation thus
produced the inside of the heater A is kept perfectly clean. By turning
the regulating cock e so as to bring its openings 1, 2, respectively
opposite to the ways or branches 4 and 5 in its chamber, communication
is opened between the branch pipe f from the inlet or supply pipe a,
and through the check valve G with the boiler C, and at the same time
closed with the return pipe b from the heater A, thereby giving facilities
for feeding the boiler C in the usual manner without being obliged to
stop the engines, which is necessary if the heating apparatus A leaks,
in which case the auxiliary valves E and I would be closed.
When clean water is used the blow cock and its pipe connections may
be dispensed with.
Another mode of circulating the water with this form of heater is
shown in Figures 4 and 5, Sheet 1, where a¹, a', are pipes attached at
one end to the lower part of the fire-box water space (one on each side
of the boiler C¹), and at their other ends to the lower coil of the
heater A in the smoke box B', as shewn. The discharge pipe b¹ from
the upper coil of the heater A' is connected and communicates with the
front end of the boiler C' below the water line; but it may if desired
be conducted to the front tube sheet of the boiler C', or to any other
part of the same that may be found most convenient. By this arrange-
11

page_text: the boiler C¹, and between the fire-box, water space, and that part where
the discharge pipe b is attached.
When changing old tubes now in use, or constructing new locomotive
boilers, the pipes a¹, a', may be laid on the inside of the boiler at or
near the bottom, and they may be provided with slots or apertures in
their sides for the inlet of water, and in order to prevent inconvenience
from deposits these pipes may be loosely inserted or inclosed in secondary
slotted pipes if desired.
One end of each pipe a', a¹, may be connected to a T fitting, and be
so attached to the inside of the front tube sheet as to surround or cover
the opening through it to the circulating apparatus in the smoke box';
thus causing the cooler water to be conducted to it from all parts of the
boiler bottom through the slotted pipes, with which the boiler feed pipe
may also be connected by a branch pipe on the inside of the boiler,
so that all the feed water, or a portion of it, on first entering the boiler
from the injector or pump will be conveyed direct to the circulating
apparatus in the smoke box. This arrangement has the advantage of
dispensing with the additional pipes or valves employed in the apparatus,
shewn in Figure 1, and requires no change in the usual system of feed
pipes or their connections, and as both the outlet and inlet pipes in
the circulating apparatus in this case are constantly open and have free.
communication with the water space of the boiler, the steam which is
generated in this apparatus tends to increase the circulation of the water
and the trouble and danger caused by the steam forcing out the water,
as in the various feed water heaters when placed in the smoke box, and
as heretofore attached with the feeding apparatus outside of the boiler
are obviated. The effect of expansion and contraction on the circu-
lating apparatus is also avoided, as the water passing into it will
generally be at a higher temperature than when it is forced directly
from the feeding apparatus on the outside of the boiler into the heater
in the smoke box. It is found objectionable in practice for the cool
water to enter a heater in the smoke box of a locomotive, as in most
cases it condenses a portion of the exhaust steam, and dirty water is
sometimes carried out at the top of the smoke stack. By reason of the
amount of heat saved from the waste gases or exhaust steam by
the use of the improved circulating apparatus a considerable economy
in the consumption of fuel in marine or locomotive boilers will be
effected..

page_text: When a series of boilers are used for marine or stationary purposes
one or more of this heating apparatus may be placed in the flue or
flues, and branch circulating pipes conducted to and from each boiler
and connected with the main inlet and discharge pipes of the said
apparatus.
In order further to avoid the unequal expansion and cracking or
breaking of the plates as now constantly occurring in marine boilers
and across the bottom plates, at the front end of locomotive boilers
owing to the water at that part remaining comparatively cold, I propose to
adopt independent circulating pipes, as seen in Figure 6. In this arrange-
ment one or more of the upper tubes of the boiler Q2 are taken out and
the holes left at the fire-box end plugged, while to the opposite or cor-
responding holes in the front tube sheet are attached the inlet ends 7, 8,
of the independent bent circulating pipes 2, 62; the outlet ends 9
and 10 of the said pipes being attached to the lower part of the front
tube sheet of the boiler C2 and communicating with the water in the
latter at that part. The heat of the waste gases passing through the
smoke box impinging upon the pipes 62, 62, will cause a rapid circulation
of the water to and from the bottom of the boiler barrel, thereby tending
to preserve an uniform rate of expansion in the boiler plates and
avoiding the risk and loss now experienced, or these independent pipes
may be arranged in any other suitable manner so as produce the same
effect in rapidly circulating the water in this class of boilers.
Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, illustrate modifications of my heating
apparatus which may be placed in the flue or other convenient part of a
boiler with similar connections to those already described. They consist
of a series of U bent tubes or pipes I, I, arranged in parallel rows, the
open ends of which tubes are expanded or fixed into the base plate J
and open
in to or communicate thereat with a corresponding series of
separate chambers K, K', and K³, which have division plates g so a
arranged that the water is caused to pass up and down through each
pipe I, and so on through all the pipes in each row or series successively,
as indicated by the arrows, the inlet branch and outlet branch i being
at the opposite sides or extreme corners of the apparatus, as shewn in
Figure 8, or these pipes I may be arranged in the form of nests, as shewn a
in Figures 9, 10, and 11; each succeeding row or series of which rises
above and spans over the preceding row or series, or they may be arranged
in any other desirable manner. When submerged in the water tender.

page_text: apparatus can be dispensed with if the heater used is so constructed that
it does not mix the feed water and the exhaust steam together But
where the water is impregnated with minerals an apparatus of this con-
struction would probably require taking apart in order to cleanse the
same from the deposits remaining on its heating surface, otherwise such 5
deposits would not as a non-conductor of beat
where the water is impregnated with minerals an apparatus of this con-
struction would probably require taking apart in order to cleanse the
same from the deposits remaining on its heating surface, otherwise such
deposits would act as a non-conductor of heat
To obviate this difficulty and to obtain the best results from these
varying circumstances, I use further modifications in the forms of and
mode of applying or attaching the heaters.
Figure 14, Sheet 2, is a side elevation of one of these modified forms
of my heating apparatus; Figure 15, a section of the same; and Figure
16, a sectional plan of the same. This arrangement consists of a circular
or other suitably shaped water heating reservoir L, to the flange M, on
the side of which is attached the exhaust pipe from the engine. The
branch N of the outlet pipe for the spent steam is at the top of the
said reservoir. The water inlet or supply O to this reservoir is controlled
by a cock or valve P acted upon through a series of rods and weighted
lever, as shewn by a submerged float or regulator working in a box Q
fixed at the water level of the heating reservoir, and communicating
with the interior of the latter by the pipe underneath, as shewn in such
manner that as the water rises and falls in the said reservoir and in
the box Q, the said float closes and opens the inlet cock or valve P
accordingly.
A syphon pipe R is fitted to the lower part of the heating reservoir L,
so as to avoid any risk of water overflow in case of accident to the regu-
lating apparatus. The water outlet S to the pump T is below the level
of the water in the heating reservoir L, the interior of which consists of
a series of horizontal perforating gratings t, see Figure 15, carried below
the water inlet or supply O at certain distances apart, one above the
other, by a rod or bolt u, which passes through their centres, and is
carried at its upper end by the roof or cover of the reservoir L. The
object of these gratings is to break up the water, and reduce it to small
globules, and also to break and increase the volume or current of
exhaust steam passing through their perforations from the exhaust
pipe M into a greater number of fine currents, so as to more thoroughly
impregnate the particles of water with heat, thereby causing a quicker

page_text: and larger deposit of its impurities at the bottom of the heating
reservoir L, which are blown out of the latter periodically, as desired, by
means of the blow-out cock z' to waste. When the water is unusually
bad I use a mixer or scoop U mounted in the heating reservoir L below
the perforated gratings t, t, and which may be made to revolve by means
of any available power acting upon the pulley w fixed on the external
projecting end of the shaft c² of the said scoop; or, if preferable, it may
be caused to move backward and forward by any suitable mechanical
means, so as to more throughly mix the steam and feed water together.
This mixer or scoop U may be made of a concave, as shewn in Figure 15,
or of any other desirable shape, so that when it passes under the water
it conveys with it a volume of steam, and on its return lifts an equal
volume of water, and throws it into the steam above the water line,
thereby causing the water to become and remain at the same tempera-
ture as the steam, which causes a much greater deposit to take place
than could otherwise be effected. To more effectually purify the water
after being heated I attach to the discharge pipe d' of the pump Ta
filter V, the filtering material x' of which may be charcoal, sand stone,
wood, or other suitble material, and it is placed between two plates e¹, e².
The upper plate e¹ is caused to slide in the filter V by means of a
screw f', and thereby compresses the filtering material x¹, so that it will
require a greater pressure to force the water through the filter than is
required to feed against the boiler pressure. By this means hydraulic
pressure is produced, which ensures a more perfect separation of the
deposits from the feed water after it leaves a heater of any construction.
The course which the water is caused to take is indicated by the arrows,
the inlet cock or valve g¹ being at the bottom of the filter, or below the
filtering material x¹, and the outlet branch or pipe h' leading to the
boiler being at the top of the filter, or above the filtering material x'.
To cleanse the filter it is only necessary to open the blow-out cock
at its bottom, then close communication between the filter and the
pump T by means of the cock or valve g', at the same time opening
communication between the pump T and the upper portion of the filter
by means of the same cock or valve g³ and pipe g², then close the pipe h¹
to the boiler, and the pump T will then force the water through the
cleaning pipe into the top portion of the filter V down through the
material ³, and through the blow-out cock 2, carrying with it the
deposits or other impurities.

page_text: herein-before described, and as illustrated by Figures 14 and 16 of my
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Berryman, have to this my
Specification set my hand and seal, the Twenty-second day of
March, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.