Improvements in and relating to Paper, Paper Making, and Paper Making Machines.
Year: 1894

page_text: f
Date of Application, 7th Sept., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 29th May, 1895-Accepted, 13th July, 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Paper, Paper Making, and Paper
Making Machines.
"
I, ROBERT BROWN of 5 Valleyfield Road, Penicuik in the County of Midlothian
Paper Maker do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
It relates to paper paper making and machinery therefor, and has for its
objects :-
1st to make both sides of the paper alike.
2nd to increase the bulk of the paper in' proportion to its weight.
3rd to reduce the liability of the sheets sticking to the pressing rolls.
4th to effect greater rapidity and economy in the manufacture of paper.
These objects are effected by an alteration in the machinery and process which
is employed in making the paper webb. It is customary with the paper making
machinery hitherto in use to pass the paper webb between two pairs of pressing
rolls after the water has been pressed out of it.
It is whilst the pulpy webb of paper lies undisturbed upon the felt blanket that
the paper and blanket thus pass in the ordinary process between the first pair of
press rolls.
After the pulp webb and blanket have thus passed between the rolls,
one surface only of the paper webb having contact with the press roll, the webb is
transferred to another blanket in a position reversed from its first one. When the
webb of paper is thus reversed its smooth side-lately in contact with the press
roll is laid upon the felt and as the felt and paper pass between the second pair
of press rolls, the rougher side of the paper is brought into contact with the press
roll. This method of reversing the webb of paper between the first pair of press
rolls and the second pair is for the purpose of equalising the two surfaces of the paper
and removing the roughness imparted by the felt and wire beds upon which the
pulp is first formed into the webb or sheet. That surface of the pulp which is in
contact with the felt and wire bed is always the roughest and cannot be made equal
in smoothness to the other side by the process above described.
In carrying out this invention the webb of paper pulp is reversed or turned
upside down upon the felt before it passes between the first pair of press rolls so
that its roughest side has contact first with the press roll instead of its smoothest
side.
As both sets of press rolls are brought to bear upon the roughest surface of the
paper under this invention and the first pair of them whilst the sheet is in its
softest and most sensitive condition the result obtained is the complete removal of
the rough surface.
By this method the two surfaces of the paper are made equally smooth.
By the method first described the paper is partially dried and hardened before
it is reversed or turned upside down upon"the felt and considerable pressure is
thereafter required when passing it between the second pair of press rolls in
order to modify the roughness of the 'surface derived from the felt and wire
beds. The great pressure thus exerted by the second pair of press rolls reduces
the bulk or thickness of the paper sheet. Much less pressure is required to
remove the said roughness when the rough surface is brought into contact
during its pulpy state with the first press roll of the first pair and very little
pressure comparatively is required afterwards when it is passed between the
second pair of press 1olls. I also work the couch roll without pressure.

page_text: As a result of this reduction of pressure the sheet of paper thus made is
thicker when finished than one of similar weight made by the old process.
When the paper webb is in its pulpy state it is a common thing for it to
stick to the first pressing roll. When the sheet thus sticks there is both waste
of time labour and material before the machine is got into proper working
order again and by pressing the rough side of the pulp first instead of the smooth
one this liability of the pulp to stick is greatly reduced.
The quantity of paper which can be made per day by the improved method
comprised in this invention is greater than under the former method and the
waste of manual labour pulp and motive power are less whilst an improved
quality of paper is obtained as a still further beneficial result. The paper has
both sides alike instead of having a rough side and a smooth one or one fine
and one coarse side. The paper is also thicker to the touch and more bulky
in appearance because of the reduced pressure necessary.
The reversing rolls may be carried either above or beneath the pressing rolls.
In order to insert the requisite series of blanket carrying rollers for reversing
purposes before the pulp reaches the first pair of rolls I sometimes raise the
bracket frames of the said pressing rolls to a suitable elevation and insert
beneath the other brackets for carrying the reversing rollers so that the frame of
the machine does not require to be lengthened.
The reversing felt or blanket is detached and separate from that which first
receives the paper pulp.
It has not been found desirable under the trials made of this invention to
re-reverse the paper between the first pair of press rolls and the second pair in
addition to reversing it before passing between the first pair but I may as occasion
requires combine this old method with my new one.
Dated this Sixth day of September 1894.
JOSEPH LOCKWOOD,
263 Argyle Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicant.
Improvements in and relating to Paper, Paper Making, and Paper
Making Machines.
1, ROBERT BROWN, of 5 Valleyfield Road, Penicuik, in the County of Midlothian,
Paper Maker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention relates to paper, paper making and machinery therefor, and has
for its objects-1st. To make both sides of the paper alike, 2nd. to increase the
bulk of the paper in proportion to its weight, 3rd. to reduce the liability of the
sheets sticking to the pressing rolls, 4th. to effect greater rapidity and economy
in the production of paper, and 5th. to dispense with the use of blow rolls.
These objects are effected by an alteration in the machinery and in the process
employed in making the paper web. It is customary with paper making
machinery hitherto in use to pass the paper web between two pairs of pressing
rolls after the water has been pressed out of it, and whilst the pulpy web of
paper lies undisturbed upon the felt blanket, the paper and blanket thus pass
in the ordinary process between the first pair of press rolls. After the pulp
web and blanket have thus passed between the rolls, one surface only of the
paper web having contact with the press roll, the web is transferred to another
blanket in a position reversed from its first one. When the web of paper is
thus reversed its smooth side-lately in contact with the press roll-is laid upon

page_text: This
the felt and as the felt and paper pass between the second pair of press rolls
roll.
the rougher side of the paper is brought into contact with the press
method of reversing the web of paper between the first pair of press rolls and
the second pair is for the purpose of equalising the two surfaces of the paper
and removing the roughness imparted by the felt and wire beds upon which
the pulp is first formed into the web or sheet. That surface of the pulp which
is in contact with the felt and wire bed is always the roughest and cannot be
made equal in smoothness to the other side by the process above described.
In carrying out my invention which is illustrated by the accompanying drawing
in which the web A of paper pulp, after the water has been pressed out of it
and while it is being fed along by a felt blanket B, is reversed or turned up
side down by means of reversing or guide rolls Cupon the felt blanket D
between the first pair of press rolls E so that its roughest side which contains the
most moisture has contact first with the naked surface of one of the press rolls E
instead of its smoothest side making such contact as heretofore. The paper pulp
is again reversed over guide rollers F and its other side submitted to the naked
surface of one of the press rolls G. As both sets of press rolls are brought to
bear upon the surface of the paper and the first pair E whilst the sheet is in its
softest and most sensitive condition the result obtained is the complete removal of
the rough surface, both sides of the paper being made equally smooth
By the ordinary method the paper is partially dried and hardened before it is
reversed or turned up side down upon the felt and considerable pressure is there-
after required when passing it between the second pair of press rolls G in order to
modify the roughness of the surface derived from the felt and wire beds.
great pressure thus exerted by the second pair of press rolls G reduces the bulk or
thickness of the paper sheet.
The
Less pressure is required to remove the said roughness when the rough surface
is brought into contact during its pulpy state with the first press roll of the first
pair E and very little pressure comparatively is required afterwards when it is
passed between the second pair of press rolls G. The couch roll H is also worked
without pressure.
As a result of this reduction of pressure the sheet of paper thus made is thicker
when finished than one of similar weight made by the old process.
When the paper web is in its pulpy state it is a common thing for it to stick to
the first press roll E. When the sheet thus sticks there is waste of time, labour
and material before the machine is got into proper working order again but by
pressing the rough side of the pulp first instead of the smooth one this liability of
the pulp to stick is greatly reduced.
The quantity of paper which can be made per day by the improved method
comprised in this invention is greater than under the former method and the waste
of manual labour, pulp and motive power is less, whilst an improved quality of
paper is obtained. As a still further beneficial result the paper has both sides
alike instead of having a rough side and a smooth one or one fine and one coarse
side, and it is also thicker to the touch and more bulky in appearance. By this
arrangement of reversing the paper before entering the first press E, the paper can
leave the felt at an earlier point than under the old arrangement and is stretched
over bare guide rolls C for a considerable distance without a felt, whereby it is
more rapidly dried before entering the first press E and the liability to "blow"
when it joins the felt again at the entrance to the press E is thus minimised.
The reversing or guide rolls C and F may be carried either above or beneath
the pressing rolls. In order to insert the requisite series of blanket carrying rollers
for reversing purposes before the pulp reaches the first pair of rolls I sometimes
raise the bracket frames of the said pressing rolls to a suitable elevation and insert
beneath them other brackets for carrying the reversing rollers so that the frame of
the machine does not require to be lengthened.
The reversing felt or blanket B is detached and separate from that the blanket I
which first receives the paper pulp.

page_text: .
It has not been found desirable under the trials made of this invention to again
reverse the paper between the first pair of press rolls and the "second pair in
addition to reversing it before passing between the first pair but I may as occasion
requires combine this old method with my new one.
Having now 'particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in 'what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. The manufacture of paper with the surfaces of both sides of a like texture or
degree of smoothness by means of apparatus arranged to reverse or transfer the
side of the pulpy web roughened by contact with the blanket and wire beds into
contact with the naked roll of the first pair of press rolls and then the opposite or
reverse side into contact with the naked roll of the second pair of press rolls
substantially as described.
2. In apparatus for making paper, the combination of the blankets, guide rolls
and press rolls arranged and operated so that the roughened surface of the pulpy
web fed along in contact with the blanket is reversed or transferred into contact
with the naked roll of the first pair of press rolls and then delivered so as to bring
the reverse side into contact with the naked roll of the succeeding pair of press
rolls substantially as described.
ديد
1005
WALLACE FAIRWEATHER,
Chartered Patent Agent,
62 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicant.