CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINES USED FOR CARDING, SLUBBING, SLIVERING, ROVING, OR SPINNING WOOL, COTTON, WASTE SILK, SHORT STAPLED HEMP AND FLAX, OR ANY OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS OR MIXTURES THEREOF
Year: 1826

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
GOULDING, a Citizen of the United States of America, but now residing in
Cornhill, in the City of London, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Second day of May, in the seventh year of His reign, did,
for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said John
Goulding, His especial licence that I, the said John Goulding, my exors,
aduiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Goulding, my exors,
adors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend my said Invention within Eng-
land, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all His said
Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of " CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINES USED FOR CARDING, SLUBBING, SLIVERING, ROVING,
OR SPINNING WOOL, COTTON, WASTE SILK, SHORT STAPLED HEMP AND FLAX, OR
ANY OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS OR MIXTURES THEREOF;" in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso, obliging me, the said John Goulding, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and
ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the

page_text: date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Goulding, do hereby declare that
the nature of the said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be
performed, are particularly described and ascertained in and by the Drawing
hereunto annexed, and the following description thereof (that is to say):-
Fig. 1 represents one of the delivering card rollers H of the first carding
machine, which is covered all over with a spiral fillot of wire card, as usual,
the great cylinder of the machine being regularly fed by means of the common
feeding cloth, upon which a certain weight of wool, cotton, hemp, or other
fibrous material is spread uniformly over a certain space in the well-known
and accustomed manner. I can take away the sheet of carded material v pre-
viously freed from the delivering card roller H by means of the comb b, b,
either laterally to the right or left, by means of two drawing rollers, one of
which is shewn at J, through the turning tube or pipe Q, to which a slow
rotary movement is given by means of a band passing from a drum actuated
by the machine operating upon the pulley affixed to the tube. To the mouth
of the tube a loop of brass or iron wire is affixed; having also a bar of wire
across it, over which the roving or sliver, after being passed through the tube,
is laid, and then put underneath the loop in the manner shewn. The roving
or sliver, in passing through the tube, is formed into a loosely-combined cylin-
der, which is guided between the drawing rollers J, and thence passed around
the bobbin M, which is retained by means of its larger ends N, N, and its axis
upon the periphery of the drum L upon which it rests, and partakes of the
rotary movement communicated to that drum by the machinery. The roving
or sliver máy be evenly wound. upon the bobbin M, either by carrying it and
the drum L backwards and forwards, or by passing it between guides P, P,
affixed to a bar O, to which a similar lateral movement is communicated, as
will be described hereafter. The same apparatus may also be used in front of
the delivering card roller H. The rovings or slivers thus prepared by the first
carding machine are then to be placed in a frame similar to that shewn in
Fig. 3 of this Drawing, and be passed through the second carding machine,
being also guided into the machine between pins. The two carded sheets v, v,
after being taken off from the delivering card roller H by the comb b, b, are
then passed straight through the rotary tubes Q, Q, where becoming rounded
they are received between the drawing rollers J, J, and put through the guide
pins P, l', and finally wound upon the bobbins M, M, in the manner before
described. The slivers or rovings are then to be passed through the third
carding machine, which is exhibited in a side elevation at Fig. 3. A, the

page_text: machine frame, shewn as being made of wood, but it may also be formed of cast
iron. B, the arch which carries the bearings of the carding rollers, G, G, &c.,
and their clearing rollers F, F, &c. C, the great or main carding cylinder. D,
the two feeding rollers covered with ribbands of wire card (or channelled or
fluted rollers may be employed instead of them) which deliver the rovings or
slivers to the receiving card roller E, from which they are transferred upon the
great or main carding cylinder C. The lower small roller F covered with
wire card is intended to clear the lowest of the two feeding rollers D, D, of any
loose fibres which may adhere to it, and being also in slight contact with the
receiving roller E, it transfers to it those loose fibres. The two delivering
cylinders H, H, are placed the one above the other, and are each furnished
with fillots of cards, and alternate spaces between them left unclothed with
card, in a similar manner to that shewn in Fig. 4, as will be described here-
after. Instead of taking off the carded materials by means of a comb, as
described in the references to Figs. 1 and 2, I can remove them from the
delivering cylinders H by means of the rotary action of the tubes Q, Q, &c.
upon them, which, gathering the filaments delivered from each fillet of card
around the rollers H, H, form them into a contiguous and loosly corperent
roving or sliver U, which is drawn by the action of the rollers J, J, through
which they are passed, and is to be guided between upright pins, one of which
is shewn at P, and wound upon the bobbin M. in the manner already described.
In further aid of the rotary action of the tubes Q, Q, &c., I can also employ
the two plain rollers k, k, which are lightly held or pressed against the surfaces
of the delivering rollers H, H, by the action of weights hung upon the opposite
ends of levers which support the rollers k, k, as shewn. R, R, are the supports
or carriages in which the tubes Q, Q, turn. The small cylinder I covered
with wire card serves to partially disengage and loosen the fibrous material
from the surface of the great cylinder C, and prepare it for being more readily
taken off by the delivering rollers H, H. The upper card cylinders, F, F, &c.,
are for the purpose of clearing the working cylinders G, G, &c., from the
wool, cotton, or other fibrous material, and again transferring it to the main
cylinder C. The bobbins M, M, &c., filled with the rovings or slivers from
the second carding machine, are to be placed in a frame as shewn, and each
roving or sliver must be passed through a division made in a number of upright
wood or metal blocks affixed upon a rail, and one of which is shewn at V.
These blocks must be made broader in front, next to the rollers, than behind,
as shewn in Fig. 9, which represents the plan of two of them, and the intervals
between them must be narrower than the blocks, in the proportion of three to
five or thereabouts, so that each roving or sliver may preserve its proper situa-

page_text: tion upon the main cylinder and the working cards without mingling with
those next adjacent to it during the operation of carding, and finally be
preserved in its place upon the delivering card H.
Fig. 4 is a plan of the uppermost delivering card H. S, S, the circular stripes
or fillets of wire card around it, the under delivering card having also similar
stripes of wire card surrounding it, but so placed as to correspond with the
spaces left empty upon the uppermost one. U, U, &c. in this Figure as well
as in Fig. 3 represent the rovings or slivers passing from both of the delivering
cards H, through the revolving tubes Q, Q, which are fitted up in a similar
way to those already described, the rovings or slivers being drawn forwards
by the rollers J, J, &c. The carded rovings or slivers also pass through the
guiders P, P, and are wound upon the long bobbin M, M.. The fibres of the
rovings or slivers are apt to wind around the drawing rollers J, J, &c. In
order to prevent this evil, it is well to give the uppermost of each pair of rollers
a slight degree of lateral motion backwards and forwards, so as to cross their
circular motion, and which lateral movement may be effected in various ways
by the machinery not necessary to be described here. The guiders P, P, of
this third carding machine must have a backward and forward lateral motion
communicated to them either by a heart movement, or in any other fit and
proper manner, so as to lay the rovings or slivers regularly side by side, 'each
within its own and proper limits. The smaller the rovings or slivers become,
so much the more will they require to be twisted by the action of the revolving
tubes Q, Q, upon them, in order to give them a sufficient degree of coherence.
In case of carding long wool where it is desirable to keep the fibres straight
and smooth, as in the manufacture of worsted for instance, the wool must be
taken off the delivery card H, Fig. 5, by means of the comb b, b; it then passes
between the two vertical rollers Z, Z, which are covered-with-leather, and
have, each a slow and alternating upward and downward movement com-
municated to them by the machinery, and which, together with the rotary
movement of the rollers, draws forwards, gathers up, and condenses the carded
sheet of wool U; it is then guided between the pins p, p, to which a lateral
movement is given as before described, and wound upon the bobbin M. This
operation is also equally proper for cotton or, other fibrous materials where it
is desirable to keep the fibres straight and smooth. In order to render the.
wool more pliant, it may be heated and moistened by means of steam-or-hot
water in this latter process.
Another method of drawing forwards, condensing, and gathering all de-
scriptions of fibrous substances after the carding them, is shewn in an end
view at Fig. 6, where H is the delivering card cylinder; b the comb which

page_text: removes the carded material from the cylinder H, and which is then passed
underneath the small plain roller c, which is covered with leather, and under
the roller e, which is also covered with leather; and to both these rollers cand e
a lateral backward and forward movement is given by the machinery, and
which is varied in extent according to the degree of fineness or coarseness
of the carded sliver or roving. The rollers cand e also receive a rotary move-
ment from the endless web strap or band of leather f, and which extends
the whole width of the cards. This endless web revolves around the rollers d, d,
to one of which a rotary movement is communicated by the wheelwork of
the machine. The transverse rubbing action of the rollers c and e rounds and
condenses the fibres of the carded materials U, U, and which are afterwards
wound upon the bobbin M, as before mentioned.
Fig. 7 is an end elevation of part of a mule or spinning machine. X, one
of the spindles. Y, the carriage, made as usual. L, a drum on the peri-
phery of which the bobbin M, containing the carded roving or sliver rests, as
in the before-mentioned cases; but here, instead of winding the rover or sliver
upon the bobbin M, it is employed to give it off at the proper times, and in
the quantity required for spinning. The motion is given to the drum L from
the machine at the required times by any fit and proper contrivance, but which
need not be described here. The roving or sliver U, given off from the bobbin
M, passes between a pair of jaws W, W, which are made to close upon and
retain it at proper times, and to open again by the action of the machinery as
usual; or instead of jaws, grooved or channelled rollers may be employed for a
similar purpose. The roving or sliver of wool, if spun without the use of oil,
ought not, however, to be stretched more than one fourth of its length. The
rotary motions of the delivering cards H, H, of the drawing rollers J, J, and
of the drums L, L, in all the machines described, must exactly coincide with
the nature of the material operated upon, so that the rollers J, J, shall draw it
along as fast as it is freed from the delivering cards H, H, and the drum L, L,
wind it upon the bobbins M, M, regularly, and with the proper degree of
tension without overstretching it. Drums L, L, actuated by the machinery,
may also be used in unwinding the rovings or slivers from the bobbins M, M,
in all cases where the rovings or slivers are too weak to bear drawing off from
the bobbins without such help, and whether such slivers or rovings have been
made by the machinery herein described or in any other method. In the
second carding process, twenty at least of the bobbins M filled with rovings or
slivers from the first carding machine ought to be passed at once through the
second machine, if of two feet wide, they being equally distributed along it at
the feeding. If they are to be divided into two or more rovings or slivers,