IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PREPARING CARBONIC ACID GAS AND IMPREGNATING LIQUIDS THEREWITH
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Armand le Comte de Fontainemoreau, of
39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France, and of 4, South
Street, Finsbury, London, for the Invention of "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
PREPARING CARBONIC ACID GAS AND IMPREGNATING LIQUIDS THEREWITH."—
A communication
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Armand le Comte
de Fontainemoreau at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 20th November 1856.
I, PETER ARMAND LE CONTE DE FONTAINEMOREAU, of 39, Rue de
l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 4, South Street, Finsbury,
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR PREPARING CARBONIC ACID GAS AND IMPREGNATING LIQUIDS
THEREWITH," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention consists of an improved construction of apparatus for gene-
rating and purifying carbonic acid gas and impregnating liquids therewith.
The apparatus, made portable or otherwise, consists of a cylindrical or other
shaped vessel for containing the liquid to be charged with the gas, which vessel
is placed upon a pivot or suitable support. At the lower part of this vessel,
furnished with a piece of wire gauze, if necessary, is a reservoir for containing
the acid and the carbonate for generating the gas. This reservoir is provided

page_text: with a plug, which, when removed, allows the introduction of the neid and car-
bonate, which are separated from each other by a partition perforated with
holes, in order that the neid may be gradually mixed with the carbonate.
Instead of this arrangen ont, the acid may be placed in a separate reservoir.
vertical or otherwise. The gas being thus generated enters through a small
cylinder and syphon tube into a purifying reservoir, in which it is washed pre-
vious to its entering (through a tube) the vessel containing the water to be
impregnated. When the syphon and tube are to be filled with water, a
bottling apparatus is substituted for the stop-cock, screwed to the bottom of
the vessel. The vessels, if composed of glass, are protected by a covering of
wiro or wickerwork.
Another form of apparatus for manufacturing aerated waters on a large
scale, consists of a gas generator, in which is an opening for putting in the
carbonate, also a reservoir lined with lead for containing acid, which enters tho
generator through a suitable valve or opening. These materials are mixed
together in the generator by an agitator fixed on an axis. at the end of which
is a pinion wheel gearing with a toothod quadrant, put in motion by a winch
handle, or by other means. The carbonic acid gas, when generated, enters the
purifying vessel containing charcoal and lime iu powder, or other suitable puri-
fying materials. From this vessel the gas passes by means of a pipe to the
washing vessel, provided with stop-cocks. The purified gas then enters tho
vessel containing the liquid to be charged with gas, which operation is effected
by means of agitating paddles on an axis worked by a crank. A guage is
fixed to the vessel to ascertain the height of the liquid. On the axis is placed
an excentric for working the pump supplying the vessel with liquid, which,
when sufliciently charged with gas, is drawn off from the bottling apparatus.
To ascertain the pressure of the gas, a manometer may be employed. Various
modifications of the above apparatus may be made without departing from
the principle of construction.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed 3
by the said Peter Armand le Comte de Fontainemoreau in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 19th May 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
ARMAND LE COMTE DE FONTAINEMOREAU, of 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in..
the Empire of France, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, send 3.
reeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Peter Armand le Comto de Fontainemoreau, Her special license that I, the
said Peter Armand le Comte de Fontainemoreau, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Peter Armand le Comte
de Fontainemoreau, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVED APPARATUS FOR PREPARING CARBONIC ACID GAS AND IMPREGNATING LIQUIDS
THEREWITH," communicated to me from a foreigner residing abroad, upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Peter Armand le Comte de
Fontainemoreau, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter Armand le Comte de Fontaine-
moreau, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being bad to
the annexed Sheet of Drawings, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say:-
The Invention communicated to me consists in an improved construction of
apparatus for generating and purifying carbonic acid gas and impregnating
liquids therewith.
Figure 1 of the Drawings represents a front, and Figure 2 a side view, of a
portable gazogene. This apparatus is made of glass or metal, according to its
capacity. A, generator, with an india-rubber screw stopper a; B, receiver,
with an india-rubber screw valve b; C, wire gauze diaphragm placed in the
neck of the apparatus; D, stop-cock; E, stand, moveable on a pivot e; F, foot
and supports.
Mode of operation. After having turned the stand on its pivot e, the
apparatus is inclined, and the receiver B filled with a sufficient quantity of
water; the valve stopper 6 is then closed, and the ingredients for producing
carbonic acid gas are introduced in the generator A. The stopper A must be

page_text: carefully screwed down, and the apparatus replaced on the stand E. Tho
water in passing through the gauze diaphragm causes the ingredients to com-
bine and produce gas, which enters the receiver B and saturates the liquid
contained therein, which liquid egresses through the stop-cock D. In this
apparatus I operate with about five drams, apothecaries' weight, of bicarbonate
of soda to four drams (apoth.) of tartaric acid for each seven gills of the
liquid.
Figure 2 represents an apparatus, suitable for a shop counter or for ship's
usc. The apparatus is formed of tinned or enamelled copper. A is the gene-
rator of the required dimensions, separated from the compartment B by a
plate furnished with a small opening b. The generator is closed by a valve
stopper a; c, epurator; D, tube for conducting the gas; E, washing tube,
with a valvo stopper e, in which is placed a safety valve; F, another gas con
ducting tube; G, receiver, with valve stopper g; H, stop-cock for drawing off
the liquid into bottles. The stop-cock h may be used if necessary. I, support
of the apparatus, to enable it to be charged.
Mode of operation.-I nearly fill the washing tube E with water; I close
the valve stopper e, and incline the apparatus on its support I, Figure 4', and
I nearly fill the receiver c with water; I then screw up the valve stopper 9; the
valve stopper a is then opened, and I then pour into the generator A tho diluted
sulphuric acid, prepared beforehand and brought to a temperature of seventy-
one degrees Fahrenheit. Nitric acid may be used instead of sulphuric acid, if
desired. I then introduce the bicarbonate of soda, or other suitable carbonate,
and again screw up the valve stopper a. The apparatus may then be slightly
raised, in order to mix the acid poured into the compartment B with the bicar-
bonate introduced into the compartment A, until the disengagement of gas
takes place, which may be easily ascertained by the noise which it makes in
entering the epurator C and tube F. When the gas is freely formed, I
replace the apparatus and keep it in an upright position until the liquid in the
receiver G is completely saturated, so that it may be withdrawn by the stop-
cocks Hand h.
I employ in this apparatus (the strength of which varies according to its
capacity) six drams (apoth.) of bicarbonate of soda added to one pint of
sulphuric acid, diluted to twenty-two degrees Baumé, for every seven gills of
liquid to be aerated.
For the preparation of lemonade I only put five drams of bicarbonate of
soda and three and a half gills of dilute acid for each seven gills of the contents
of the apparatus.
Figuro 4 is a similar apparatus to the preceding, suited for private use. In

page_text: Figures 7 and 8: P, horizontal receiver, with its agitator Q, provided with
flat or angular beaters S, which are of tinned copper.
Mode of operation.-After nearly filling the receiver I and washer E with
water, leaving in them the necessary space, and having screwed down the valve
stoppers and I', I fix the generator in the required position by means of the
toothed rack N, so as to introduco through the opening of the valve stopper
a' the bicarbonato of soda or other carbonato; 1 then pour in the required
quantity of water, and screw up the valve stopper, which enables mo to turn
the generator round and pour the dilute sulphuric or nitric acid into the
cylinder B. Tho stop cocks d and being open, I then lower the generator.
The acid escaping through the hole & enters into combination with the bicar-
bonate, and produces the gas, which is afterwards purified in the chamber C
before reaching the washing tube E and the receiver I, when its combination
with the liquid to be aerated is hastened by means of the agitator J. When
saturation is effected, the liquid is drawn off from the orifice L.
The following are the operations necessary for an apparatus having tho
capacity of about nine quarts. The ingredients in the first operation are nine
and a half ounces (apoth.) of bicarbonate of soda, upon which a little more
than three gills of water are poured, and added to about two gills of sulphuric
acid, at sixty-six degrees Baumé, which mixture I introduce into the leaden
cylinder.
of
When the gas produced by this charge has been absorbed by the liquid in
the receiver by means of the agitator, I close the stop-cock d to retain it; I
empty the generator, and in the next operation about ten ounces (apoth.) of
bicarbonate of soda aro adiled to about three gills of water, with about two
gills of acid, taking care that when the materials are mixed together, to open
the stop-cock d, previously closed, the manometer G indicates the amount
pressure. The gas is absorbed by agitating the liquid in the receiver, and
when the pressure is constant I commence bottling. When the receiver has
been emptied the stop-cock h is closed, and the gas in the former is allowed to
escapo before filling it again. I then reopen the stop-cock h and agitate, in
order to cause the absorption of the gas still remaining in the washing tube
and generator. until the manometer indicates the lowest pressure. Then the
stop-cock is closed, in order to recommence the operation. *
Having now, described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the samo may be carried into effect, I
observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine myself to the precise details of
.construction herein referred to, as inany modifications may be made without

page_text: departing from the general principle; but what I claim, and desire to be
secured by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the general arrangement and construction of the improved apparatus
for preparing carbonic acid gas and for impregnating liquids therewith, as
herein-before described and represented in the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings.
Secondly, the construction and employment of the washing tube and gene-
rator, as herein-before described, and shewn in the annexed Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Armand le Comte de Fontaine
Moreau, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of
May, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-soven.
L'DE FONTAINE MOREAU. (L.S.)