AN IMPROVEMENT OR IM- PROVEMENTS IN TREATING COPPER AND ALLOYS OF COPPER."
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Everitt, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IM-
PROVEMENTS IN TREATING COPPER AND ALLOYS OF COPPER.""
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Everitt at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd December 1876.
WILLIAM EDWARD EVERITT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer. "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING COPPER AND ALLOYS
OF COPPER."
My Invention consists in the improvement or improvements herein-after described
in treating copper and alloys of copper, whereby great hardness, toughness, and
homogeniety are communicated, and the copper and alloys of copper so treated are
better fitted for purposes where those qualities are required than copper or alloys
of copper which have not been treated according to my Invention.
.
In treating copper according to my Invention I take oxide of manganese, pre-
ferably the native ore commonly known as black oxide of manganese, in a state of
powder, and in the proportion of from one to six per centumn of the weight of the
copper to be operated upon. I put the copper and oxide of manganese together
into the melting pot, and when the copper is melted I stir the oxide of manganese
well into it. As soon as the dross and scum have thoroughly separated from and
risen to the surface of the melted metal the copper is ready to be poured into ingot
or other moulds.
In treating brass I proceed as described with respect to copper, adding the
required per-centage of zinc to the melted copper.
The alloys of copper to which my Invention is especially applicable are alloys of
copper and zinc, but I do not limit myself thereto, as my Invention is also appli-
cable to other alloys, of which the essential metal is copper.
Besides rendering copper and alloys of copper tougher, harder, and more homo-

page_text: geneous, the treatment described facilitates the rolling of alloys of copper at a red
heat, and thereby economizes time and labour in the rolling process.
Copper and brass treated according to my Invention are admirably fitted for the
manufacture of steam boiler tubes, bearings for shafts or axles, axle boxes, sheathing
for ships, and bolts and nails for the same.
Although in practice I have found the native black oxide of manganese to
answer well, yet I do not limit myself to the use of that particular compound of
manganese, as other oxides of that metal, or compounds which on being heated yield
oxide of manganese, may be employed with like results.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Edward Everitt in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th May 1877.
WILLIAM EDWARD EVERITT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer. "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING COPPER AND ALLOYS
OF COPPER."
My Invention consists of the improvement or improvements herein-after described
in treating copper and alloys of copper, whereby great hardness, toughness, and
homogeneity are communicated thereto, and the copper and alloys of copper 50
treated are better fitted for purposes where those qualities are required than copper
or alloys of copper which have not been treated according to my Invention.
In treating copper according to my Invention I take oxide of manganese, pre-
ferably the native ore commonly known as black oxide of manganese, in a state of
fine powder, and in the proportion of from one to six parts by weight of the said
oxide of manganese to one hundred parts by weight of the copper to be operated
upon. I put the copper and oxide of manganese together into the melting pot or
melting furnace, and when the copper is melted I stir the oxide of manganese well
into it. As soon as the dross and scum have thoroughly separated from and risen
to the surface of the melted metal, the copper or alloy is ready to be poured into
ingot or other inoulds.
In treating brass I proceed as described with respect to copper, adding the
required per-centage of zinc to the melted copper.
The alloys of copper to which my Invention is especially applicable are alloys of
copper and zinc, but I do not limit myself thereto, as my Invention is also appli-
cable to other alloys, of which the essential metal is copper.
Besides rendering copper and alloys of copper tougher, harder, and more homo-
geneous, the treatment described facilitates the rolling of alloys of copper at a red
heat, and thereby effects an economy of time and labour in the rolling process.
Copper and brass treated according to my Invention are admirably fitted for the
manufacture of steam boiler tubes, bearings for shafts or axles, axle boxes, sheathing
for ships, and bolts and nails for the same, as well as for sheet brass and brass wire.
Although in practice I have found the native black oxide of manganese to answer
well, yet I do not limit myself to the use of that particular compound of manganese,
as other oxides of that metal, or compounds which on being heated yield oxide of
manganese, may be employed with like results.
Having now described the nature of my Invention and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I claim as my Inven-
tion, the improvement or improvements in treating copper and alloys of copper
herein-before described, that is to say, adding oxide of manganese, and, by pre-
ference, the native black oxide of manganese, or a compound which on being heated
yields oxide of manganese, to melted copper or alloys of copper, and stirring the

page_text: said oxide of manganese into the said melted copper or alloys of copper previous to
pouring the copper or alloys of copper into ingot or other moulds.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Everitt, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this. Fifteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
Witness,
.
FRED. EVERITT,
Northfield,
Worcestershire.
WILLIAM EDWARD EVERITT. (L.S.)