Year: 1888

page_text: ROBERT COOKE SAYER 11 Clyde Road Redland Bristol Civil Engineer do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The process obtains by means of five different essential parts viz. :-The strainer a
(see Sheet 1 Fig. 1 which shows the general arrangement): the Separator 6: the
Filter c: the temporary and storage tanks d and d² (the former as a retainer during
filtration); and the combined overflow flushing and drawing off apparatus E. E²
and E3 Sheet 2. Fig. 5. a is formed of a perforated plate of sufficient area to
catch leaves and dirt.
6 which is to be fixed anywhere between eaves and ground is for the purpose
of allowing the first water from the roofs which contains the impurities
of the air roofs &c. to pass in one direction for gardening or other purposes: but
when they are cleansed to pass on for filtering, and subsequent storage, for drinking,
washing mechanical or other purposes. This is done by leading the water through the
container cover f (see Fig. 2 Sheet 1 which shows it in section) into a central taper
pipe G that works on a spindle G2 and has attached a saucer H by means
of the rod H2 that passes through G: H2 is screwed the other end and carries a
balance weight J: H has an overflow pipe L: thus more or less water in H
(according to the position of J) overbalances G: in the normal position of G
the water flows from a through G, trough K and away as stated. When required
J works in a small box (attached to b) having a slot for its arm, and opposite J
in 6 an aperture is formed through which to pass a key for adjusting J, and is
so arranged that any extraneous liquid finding its way in should only be able to
leave where it entered. The cover of bis dished to a concave form externally and
leads the water falling upon it to the aperture O, and when the regulated amount
overbalances G, the water from a passes through G into b, until after the rain
ceases and the water in H evaporates when J. returns G to its normal position. The
overflow from H passes off through L and K. The bottom has a conical connection 62
that fits into another at the top of d with a rubber point and the tension legs Z Z draw
them together tight and thus K forms the overflow for d and d² as well as that
from Hand G.
In countries where the evaporation is not sufficient, and where the atmosphere
contains very much dirt the foregoing process of evaporation is assisted or superceeded

page_text: by the following mechanical one (see Fig. 3) where similar letters to the last refer to
similar parts.
When the apparatus is to be fixed to the top of the tank d the frame b. b¹ 62 and 68
with struts 61, 6 and 62 carry G, Hand J: K and K2 (K2 is a pipe conducting the water
into d and may be similar to 62 Fig. 2) and the water from a is conducted to K in a
similar manner but on its way a prescribed amount is diverted by the small pipe G³
into H, and an aperture smaller (as required) than that of G³ is made connecting
H with I so that the water cannot escape from H as rapidly as it enters, and at the
time arranged the accumulated water overbalances J as before and the overplus
passes through L to K. When the rain ceases the supply to H through G³ ceases
and that contained by H continues to escape when J returns G to its normal
position. When bis fixed to the wall by the ears shown the top 61 to 62 and
struts Z and Y are alone required but the whole in each case may be enclosed if
desired.
The filter c is based upon the geological principal of stratums, it is shown in
section at Fig. 1 connecting the tanks d and d², it is placed at an angle of 45° for
cleansing without removal, each stratum has a pair of plugs that are drawn together
by a bolt as shown, for this purpose the centre line of the plugs are placed at an
angle of about 10° to each other, and at right angles to a line halfway between them
perforations are formed in each plate at alternate sides so that the water shall flow from
stratum to stratum as shown by the arrows in Figs. 4 and 5 and 6 in detail, and thus
when the stratums are cleansed singly the dirty swillings of an upper one shall not
enter those below.
The spaces forming the stratums between the plates are filled with silica, spongy
iron, coke and animal charcoal of varying degrees of size as required for different
uses.
Fig. 4 & 6 shows in part section the division plates ab and c corrugated and arranged
to fit the rings d E and f, so that when put together with the elastic cushions between
and drawn up by the side bolts G and H the whole shall be water tight but able to be
taken apart for transit.
Fig. 5 shows the arrangement in part section when the plates are fixed to
the side.
:
When the dirty water, and overflow from d and d², (Sheet 1 Fig. 1) that leaves b
at K goes into another tank or when d is not connected with 2, these are supplied
with a combined overflow flushing and drawing off apparatus shown at Fig. 5
Sheet 2 in section, where Y is the overflow bend pipe, it has a flange V² with an
elastic ring that is thrust against the side of d²: a second bend pipe W works
horizontally inside Y and passes through the side of d², it has a collar W³ with a
similar ring attached and it is thrust against the outside of d²: a transverse pipe X
and stump bolt X³ are screwed into the T piece X3 and passes through Y as shown
and are connected by washers and nuts, the pipe X from X3 passes through W and
carries a stop tap Z Z at the end and nut W Y is supported at the top and V2, and
the flange W is supported by and travels within the horse shoe hoop W that has
stops, thus the overflow passes off through Y and away at W2: the water is drawn
off at ZZ leaving at X: and is flushed out by unscrewing W5 and the water
escapes in volume at Z. When the overflow passes off another way the apparatus
shown at E Fig. 1 Sheet 1 and in detail at Fig. 6 Sheet 2, is used, similar parts
are similarly lettered as above: W2 is secured to d²: X carries a disc and elastic
ring and a couple of nuts and X takes against W2 X2 works within and is
supported by a perforated tube Z³ that is secured inside : when W is worked
the water enters by the perforations in Z³ and leaves at W², and it is drawn off at Z Z
through X4.
d Sheet 1 Fig. 1 is provided with the flushing tap E2 to clear off the dirt from the
sediment chamber at its base shown in detail at Sheet 2 Fig. 7 where W³ is the
nut, Xa spindle that carries it and also a disc, ring &c. X2 and acts similarly to X
Fig. 6, except that it is kept central to W2 by the four pins X, the water enters
and leaves as shown by the arrows. Fig. 2 shows in detail the stop tap Z Z that

page_text: screws on to X Figs. 5 and 6 at a: bis the mouth that screws into the valve chamber c at
the shoulder d³ which carries a leather collar: c is divided in cross section into
several chambers c² the parts between carry the thread of the screw in which the nut d
and a work: a has also small chambers coinciding with it also has a square
central chamber in which the spindle E fits and turns it. E also has the handle E²
and 6 carries a snug for links to which a lock may be attached to prevent use:
a carries a leather ring a² thus by turning E² d is raised and the water passes
from a through c² to band may be closed tight again against a², and when desired b
and E may be removed from c leaving d to retain the contents: when fixed to the
tank direct the flange f as shown dotted is provided: it may also be fixed in the
middle of a length of pipe and then a takes the form as dotted at d².
The tap shown in the filter, Sheet 1 Fig. 7 is given in detail at Fig. 4 Sheet 2,
where, as before, is the mouth that screws upon the socket c: c is also screwed inside,
and the nut d, which is chambered works up and down c against the leather c³ upon
turning E: it is secured to the filter by the flange on c.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1st. The general arrangement of the whole apparatus as shown on the Sheet 1
Fig. 1 with the temporary storage during filtration substantially as described.
2nd. The arrangement of the separator 6 Figs. 2 and 3 whereby the dirty water
that first passes through the air and over the roofs and shoots and cleanses them is
passed to storage or waste, and the clean water that follows is automatically diverted
to another storage, and upon the rain ceasing the apparatus is again automatically
readjusted ready to repeat the operation at given periods, either by the natural process
of evaporation or by the mechanical process of utilising a portion of the rainfall to
upset a balance and readjust it substantially as described.
3rd. The arrangement of the filter whereby the water passes through strata of
various filtering material backwards and forwards, the inlet and outlet to one and all
being by fine perforations in the division plates or through porous or partly porous
plates together with the means of securing the plates to the body, or building up the
filter by rings and plates of or with intermediate only, elastic material and tightening
up by boits also for the holes in the various stratums through which the filtering
material may be washed out or put in also the forms and means of securing the
various stoppers in the holes at the stratums.
4th. The arrangement of the combined overflow, flushing and drawing off apparatus
whereby the three requirements are momentarily available as shown at Fig. 5 Sheet 2
the pure and the impure water being kept separate: also for the combined flushing
and drawing off apparatus whereby the two requirements are momentarily available
as shown at Fig. 6, the pure and the impure water being kept separate also for the
flushing tap whereby small or very large quantities may be drawn from the same, and in
each of these cases the means of passing the water through the perforated guide tube
having small or large perforations, or the valve being supported by internal pins
only also for the stop tap (shown at Fig. 2) being adapted for the end or middle of
a pipe or side of a tank, with the arrangement of side chambers, and the means
whereby the mouth and handle may be detached leaving little or no projection as the
case may be (to receive damage) while the contents are still retained and the handle
and mouth to draw them may be momentarily fixed: also for the filter stop tap (shown
at Fig. 4) with its arrangement of side chambers and the means whereby the mouth
and handle may be detached, while the contents are retained.
:
D: 171 law of Ion 1800

page_text: or have a large hole formed in them where the arrows pass through as shown, and the holes
are covered over with plated metal wire gauze: thus upon tightening up the bolts O
four water tight compartments are formed (except at the perforations) the centre two
of which form the filtering stratums, and they are detached in either pairs by taking
off the top or bottom nuts of O as required.
An air tube is inserted in the side at P shown in detail at Fig. 2 where Qis
a rubber tube passed through the side and angle, the end being bent back and
it is kept in position by the top cover plate R through which an aperture is formed
connecting with Q, the upper end of Q is supported by being passed through a hole
in an car Q2: the table filters are provided with a special tap shown in detail at
Fig. 4 for the double purpose of drawing off the water, and through which to cleanse
the filter without taking it apart: it is formed of a body a having a spout screwed
into it (a is enlarged or thickened on the inside to receive the threads) that is
provided with an excresence b², a is formed for and carries a stuffing nut c that screws
into it a is screwed upon a plug chamber d provided with apertures E and
has a flange by which it is secured to the filter: within the truncated conical
plug G, chambered at H and slotted at J works, it also has a cap K of elastic material
that clips over its angular edge and is thus kept in place, within H the long leg of
the handle L that passes through the stuffing-box is screwed: a bar M connected
with and supported by a ring M2 that is fixed in a cut made partly through a ring of
elastic material N, passes through the slot J and keeps G from turning as L enters it,
and keeps it in place the bolts O attach the tap to the filter and N keeps it
watertight.
When the filter requires cleansing a rubber tube is attached to 6 of the tap (Fig. 4)
the other end to a similar spout of a pressure water tap, the filter is then turned
upside-down and the full pressure turned on, is then filled and the pressure
forces (the reverse way it entered, the dirt and impurities it may contain: the tube
may also be used for exhausting the air from the filter reservoir and aid in starting
filtration.
a,
To recharge the filter it is taken apart by the bolts O. Fig. 6 shows in section the
table filter in china, ware &c. where a is the body, bare finely perforated plates
as before, that rest upon projections formed on a, and it is made watertight at the
sides by cement: c are pairs of holes (one pair to each division or stratum): d is an
air shaft: E a cover: a dish to retain any possible leakage: G the top (explained):
Fig. 1 is a pocket filter in section (in plan it is an elipse) upon the same principle
where
b, and c are the perforated plates (or plates having large holes covered with
metal wire gauze before described) there are no plugged apertures to the stratums
but the whole is taken to pieces when cleansing is required, and for this purpose the
edges of a and b enter cuts made in the side of the rubber ring d, and that of c is
prolonged at the bolt E through which E either passes or partly so the lower edge
of the top part of the filter case G is flanged at f; the top edge of the lower
part of the filter case H is formed as shown and also flanged but at an angle
at J the screw bolt E passes round the sides, clips the top of G and enters the
loops G2 and has a pair of nuts at K and also at I, so that when a. b. and c are put
in position and G resting on d they are tightened up by K. K and thus made
water tight and when H is placed between E and E with the rod M connecting
them below (M is formed as a ring round O), the flange J of H is thrust against the
rubber ring between it and the edge of c by screwing up L and L, and it is thus made
watertight G and I have screwed plugs formed as shown at N and O, where P is a
screw having a tee piece Q that screws into the nut and is made watertight by
the rubber or cork ring X: when inserting Q its ends pass through slots, it is then
turned clear of them and screwed up, stops being provided: the plug N has in
addition a small top nut N2 that closes an aperture that passes through N, P and Q
into G so that when filtered water is required, N is taken out and H removed over G
(as shown dotted) N is then replaced and N2 taken out and both filled up with water.
When water is required to be filtered during transit it is arranged as shown, the small
aperture plugs N2 and H2 are removed, the entrances of these apertures are protected so
:

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Jan., 1888
Specification Accepted, 6th Aor, 1888
ROBERT COOKE SAYER 11 Clyde Road, Redland, Bristol, Civil Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The filters included in this specification are based upon the principle of geological
or stratum filtration: each and all are to be made of ware, china, glass, metal
vulcanite or other inaterial and when desired covered in part or as a whole by electro
plating or otherwise the filtering material placed in the stratums is to be animal
charcoal and silica of one or various degrees of fineness, or of one of these materials
only they are divided into (a) suspended; (b) table; and (c) pocket filters. The
suspended filters (see Drawing Fig. 5) are arranged for the purposes of 1st being
suspended from the cover or top a of vessels of any size: 2nd to stand within vessels
upon legs b formed by the prolongation of the bolts connecting the various parts: the
filter shown at Fig. 5 in section is formed of china rings C (each of which has a pair
of stoppered holes C2, and similar prolonged into a tube at d (without holes) and
having china plates E between them, parts of which (where the arrows pass through)
are finely perforated, between the rings and plates, rubber, cork or other elastic
material is placed below the bottom plate and above the top tube metal crosses F are
placed having the bolts passing through their ends by which the whole is drawn
together and thus making the divisions watertight except at the perforations: the
suspended rod G serves to attach the filter to a or over another vessel: the stratums
are charged with the filtering materials by C2 through which it is also cleansed. The
table filters are shown at Figs. 3 and 6: Fig 3 (in section) shows the arrangement in
metal, where a is the top body having a bottom at b, the body is carried down, flanged
and rests upon the elastic ring at c and has attached half a dozen ears d equally spaced,
also the cover E is provided the bottom body f is turned up all round and forms a
catchment for any possible leakage, and also a base to stand upon, it has a bottom
at G, an inner angle ring H upon which the plate J rests: f has similar ears K
to those at d: the top of fis flanged round and forms a seat for the elastic ring L:
a plate M extends to the line of the ears d and K and upon this C rests: M carries a
double flanged ring N that rests upon L, and M and the ears d and K have the bolts O
passing through them with four nuts on each, the plates b. M and Jare either perforated

page_text: that water will not spill unless turned upside down, and being air tight but little then ;
when H is charged, by slackening (only) L and L it may be removed. When
charging the stratums a is fixed in d the material filled up, b is then inserted in d. c
then charged quite full, it is then placed as shown and K K are screwed up. In each
filter the water passes backwards and forwards through the filtering materials
as shown by the arrows.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention
and in what manner the same
is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1st. The arrangement of the suspended filter whereby it is available for suspending
in or standing in any vessel: (b) the manner of building it up of rings and perforated
plates: (c) the means of making it watertight substantially as described.
2nd. The arrangement of the table filter Fig. 6 of ware, or china, or glass, having
one body, and perforated division plates, and catchment base dish substantially as
described.
3rd. The arrangement of the table filter Fig. 3 of metal where the stratums have
not holes, and the division plates are perforated with one large hole and covered with
metal wire gauze plated or not in each also the means of building up the filter
whereby four watertight compartments are formed with two rings of elastic material
(except at the perforations): also the means of taking all apart or in pairs of com-
partments as required: also for the means adopted of allowing the air in the reservoir
to escape also for the arrangement of the tap shown at Fig. 4 whereby water
pressure may be applied to drive out (the reverse way it entered) the impurities the
filter contains and thus cleanse it without taking apart also the means adopted
for screwing in the tap spout whereby the whole may be turned in manufacture, and
vary the length of spout used as required for different purposes substantially as
described.
4th. The general formi and construction in any material of the pocket filter Fig. 1
where the stratums have not holes together with the means of making any number
of stratuins water tight, except at the apertures by the edges of all the divisions plates
being inserted into one piece of rubber: also for having the apertures formed
of metal wire gauze over a large hole and also the means of tightening up the
division plates with the filter case either top or bottom separately or both together:
and for the means of filtering during transit, and using half the filter case as a cup
when the water has filtered into it and for the tee screw plugs for stopping the holes,
and the means of utilising the whole case for filtering into another vessel and also for
the means of accomplishing these ends with one divided filter case only substantially
as described.
5th. The principle of Geological or stratum filtration whereby the water percolates
from stratum to stratum backwards and forwards through comparatively thin layers of
filtering medium substantially as described.
6th. The means of cleansing the various filters through the pairs of plugged holes
at each stratum whereby one only or all the stratums may be cleansed.
Dated this 2nd day of March 1888.