Certain Improvements in Continuous Kilns for Burning Bricks, Tiles, Sanitary Ware, and other Clay Goods, and for Salt Glazing.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Certain Improvements in Continuous Kilns for Burning Bricks, Tiles,
Sanitary Ware, and other Clay Goods, and for Salt Glazing.
We PETER WOOD LIMITED, of Pumphouse Brick and Tile Works, West
Bromwich, in the County of Stafford, Brick and Tile Manufacturers, and HARRY
PETER NASH, of Manor House, Oldbury, in the County of Worcester, Works
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention consists of the herein described improvements in the construc-
tion of continuous kilns for burning bricks tiles sanitary ware and other clay
goods and for salt glazing.
more
as
or
This invention has reference to those kilns which are built in a continuous
series end to end with partition walls between any two adjacent kilns and with
the flues so arranged that any one or more of the kilns of the series can be cut
out when required and that the heat can be conveyed at will from any one or
of the kilns of the series to any other one or more of the
said kilns the circumstances and the conditions of the kiln
kilns may require. This invention is more particularly applicable to those kilns
which are arranged to work with a down draught the heat working down from
the upper part of the kiln through the goods and through an open bottom
central flue which runs along the centre and is common to all down draught
kilns this flue being in connection with the stack as hereinafter described.
These said kilns can also be arranged to work with an updraught.
In a series of kilns with the flues arranged in accordance with this invention
there are no flues or passages in the partition walls between the adjacent kilns
in the series and thus the partition walls can be made say only nine inches
thick instead of being several feet thick as heretofore; we thus economise room
and enable more kilns of the same capacity to be erected in a given space than
when the partition walls are made thick as heretofore. Moreover our arrange-
ment of the flues and passages is very simple and gives very good results.
In carrying out this invention the kilns are built in a continuous series end
to end with the partition walls between any two adjacent kilns preferably about
nine inches thick. In the sides of the kilns are the usual furnaces and the
wickets or openings for taking the goods into the kiln and for removing the
same therefrom. Along the centre of the series of kilns is the usual central
open topped bottom flue which when the kilns are working with a down draught
receives heat from the kilns. This bottom flue is stopped off between each kiln
and is by preference made with a stopping at about the centre of each kiln thus
dividing the bottom flue of each kiln into two parts. Leading from the sides
of the bottom flue there are covered branch flues controlled, by dampers and
arranged underneath the floor of the kilns and at one side communicating with
a main flue which we provide underneath the ground running along the whole
series of kilns from end to end and leading to the stack. These branch flues

page_text: communicate by vertical passages in the side walls of the kilns with two main
top heat Hues arranged in the walls of the kilns near the hip of the arch and
extending along the series of kilns from end to end and made with small cross
flues which open out into the arch of the kilns at the sides thereof. The said
vertical passages are controlled by dampers as are also the passages leading from
the top heat flues into the kilns. One of these heat flues receives the heat from
any one or more of the kilns and conveys the heat thus received in one direction
whilst the heat flue at the other side of the kiln conveys the heat in the opposite
direction.
The flues and dampers above described operate as follows:--If it is desired
to convey the heat say for instance from No. 1 kiln of the series direct to and
through No. 4 kiln and then back through No. 3 kiln to the stack, leaving No. 2
kiln cut out, the dampers will be opened and closed so that the heat from No. 1
kiln will pass down through the goods in that kiln and into the open bottom
flue and along the branch Hues at one side under the floor of No. 1 kiln and up
the upright passage into one of the top main heat flues and along this flue and
through the side passages into No. 4 kiln and down through the goods in No. 4
kiln into the open bottom flue and along the branch flues therefrom in the floor
of No. 4 kiln and along and up the upright passage of that kiln into the other
main top heat flue, then back along this main heat flue and through the side
passages into No. 3 kiln and down through the goods in this kiln into and along
the main open bottom flue and along the branch flues from the same to the main
fiue leading to the stack. The dampers communicating with No. 2 kiln are all
closed so that this kiln is cut out.
It will be seen that when the kilns and their flues and dampers are arranged
as above described the heat can by opening and closing the proper dampers be
arranged to pass from any one or more kilns through any one or other of the
kilns in the series and on to the chimney, or the heat can pass direct from any
kiln or kilns in the series to the stack without passing through any other kiln
or kilns, and any desired kiln or kilns of the series can be cut out as may be
desired. Thus each kiln of the series may be worked alone and independently
of the other kilns, or by opening and closing the proper dampers may be con-
verted into a continuous kiln utilising the heated gases arising from the furnaces
of one or more of the other kilns, which heat after doing its work in the kiln or
kilns under fire will be passed through other kilns of the series to steam dry
the goods therein and raise the temperature of the same the latter kilns in their
turn rendering similar service to other kilns of the series so that only the moisture
from the drying kilns will be drawn off to the stack and thus we utilise the largest
possible per centage of the heat arising from the furnaces or from those kilns in
which the burnt goods are cooling down.
Dated this 26th day of M... 1908
Certain Improvements in Continuous Kilns for Burning Bricks, Tiles,
Sanitary Ware, and other Clay Goods, and for Salt Glazing.
We, PETER WOOD LIMITED, of Pumphouse Brick and Tile Works, _West
Bromwich, in the County of Stafford, Brick and Tile Manufacturers, and HARRY
PETER NASIL, of Manor House, Oldbury, in the County of Worcester, Works
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner

page_text: the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
This invention consists of the herein described improvements in the construc-
tion of continuous kilns for burning bricks tiles sanitary ware and other clay
goods and for salt glazing.
This invention has reference to those kilns which are built in a continuous
series end to end with partition walls between any two adjacent kilns and with
the flues so arranged that any one or more of the kilns of the series can be cut
out when required and so that the heat can be conveyed at will from any one or
more of the kilus of the series to any other one or more of the
said kilns as the circumstances and the conditions of the kiln or
kilns may require. This invention is more particularly applicable to those kilns
which are arranged to work with a down draught the heat working down from
the upper part of the kiln through the goods and through an open bottom.
central flue which runs along the centre and is common to all down draught
kilns this flue being in connection with the stack as hereinafter described.
These said kilns can also be arranged to work with an updraught for drying
goods but not for burning.
In a series of kilns with the flues arranged in accordance with this invention
there are no flues or passages in the partition walls between the adjacent kilns
in the series and thus the partition walls can be made say only nine inches
thick instead of being several feet thick as heretofore; we thus economise room
and enable more kilns of the same capacity to be erected in a given space than
when the partition walls are made thick as heretofore. Moreover our arrange-
ment of the flues and passages is very simple and gives very good results.
We will describe this invention by referring to the accompanying drawings
on which Fig. 1 is a sectional plan of four kilus and part of the fifth forming
a portion of a continuous series of say for instance twelve or any other convenient
number of kilns constructed in accordance with this invention; this Figure 1.
is a sectional plan on line X X of Fig. 4; Fig. 2 is a vertical cross section of
the kilns on line Y Y of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is also a vertical cross section of the
same on line Z Z of Fig. 1; and Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of
the said kilns.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in all the figures.
In carrying out this invention the kilns (marked respectively No. 1, No. 2,
No. 3, No. 4, No. 5) are built in a continuous series end to end with the partition
walls a between any two adjacent kilns preferably about nine inches thick. In
the sides of the kilns are the usual furnaces and the wickets or openings c for
taking the goods into the kiln and for removing the same therefrom. Along
the centre of the series of kilns is the usual central open topped bottom flue D
which when the kilns are working with a down draught receives heat from the
kilns. This bottom flue I) is stopped off at between each kiln and is by prefer-
ence made with a stoping at about the centre of each kiln thus dividing the
bottom flue 1 of each kiln into two parts. Leading from the sides of the bottom
flue D there are covered branch flues marked respectively el ee in each kiln
controlled by dampers and arranged underneath the floor of the kilns and at
one side thereof communicating with the main flue F which we provide under-
neath the ground running along the whole series of kilns from end to end and
leading to the stack. The branch flues e with which the flues e communicate
as shewn in Fig. 1 are each controlled by a damper which dampers are respec-
tively marked g¹ g² g³ g and the branch flues e are also each controlled by a
damper which dampers are respectively marked h¹ h² h3 h. The branch flue el
in each kiln communicates by a vertical passage (which passages are marked
respectively 12232425) in the side wall of the kiln with a top main flue I
arranged in the wall of the kiln near the hip of the arch and extending along
the series of kilns from end to end and made with small cross flues ; which open

page_text: out into the side of the arch of the kilns and each controlled by a damper
marked k. The vertical passages are similarly controlled by dampers/
(see Figs. 2 and 3). Leading from the other side of the bottom flue I) there are
also in each kiln covered branch flues m¹ m² arranged underneath the floor of the
kilns and communicating by vertical passages marked respectively n¹² n³n in
the side wall of the kiln with the top heat flue arranged in the wall of the
kiln near the hip of the arch and extending along the series of kilns from end
to end and made with small cross flues p which open out into the side of the
arch of the kilns. The vertical passages n¹ n² n³n are each controlled by a
damper which are marked g and the passages are similarly controlled by
dampers r. The ends of the heat flues I and are closed. The heat flue I
receives the heat from any one or more of the kilns and conveys the heat thus
received in one direction say from left to right whilst the other heat flue O at
the other side of the kilns conveys the heat in the opposite direction namely
from right to left as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 4.
The flues and dampers above described operate as follows:-
-;
If it is desired to convey the heat say for instance from No. 1 kiln of the
series direct to and through No. 4 kiln and then back through No. 3 kiln through
the flue F to the stack leaving No. 2 kiln cut out the dampers are opened or closed
to give this result. That is to say all the dampers of No. 1 kiln with the excep-
tion of the damper in the vertical flue will be closed so that the heat from
No. 1 kiln will pass down through the goods in this kiln and into the open
bottom flue D and along the branch flues el e² at one side under the floor of No. 1
kiln and up the upright passage into the ton main flue I and along this flue
and through the side passages from that flue I into the kiln No. 4 the damper k
of Number 4 kiln being open. The heat will pass through the goods in No. 4
kiln into the open bottom flue D and along the branch flues m² m² therefrom
and along and up the upright passagen of No. 4 kiln into the other main top
heat flue and then back along this main heat flue and through the side
passages into No. 3 kiln and down through the goods in this kiln into and
along the main open bottom flue D of the same and along the branch flues e¹ e² of
this kiln and so on to the main flue Fleading to the stack. The dampers
communicating with No. 2 kiln are all closed so that this kiln is cut out.
It will be seen that when the kilns and their flues and dampers are arranged
as above described the heat can by opening and closing the proper dampers be
arranged to pass from any one or more kilns through any one or other of the
kilns in the series and on to the chimney, or the heat can pass direct from any
kiln or kilns in the series to the stack without passing through any other kiln
or kilns, and any desired kiln or kilns of the series can be cut out as may be
desired. Thus each kiln of the series may be worked alone and independently
of the other kilns, or by opening and closing the proper dampers may be con-
verted into a continuous kiln utilising the heated gases arising from the furnaces
of one or more of the other kilns, which heat after doing its work in the kiln or
kilns under fire will be passed through other kilns of the series to steam dry
the goods therein and raise the temperature of the same the latter kilns in their
turn rendering similar service to other kilns of the series so that only the moisture
from the drying kilns will be drawn off to the stack and thus we utilise the largest
possible percentage of the heat arising from the furnaces or from those kilns in
which the burnt goods are cooling down.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
In a continuous series of kilns for burning bricks tiles sanitary ware and
other clay goods and for salt glazing, in which the kilns are arranged end to end
with partition walls between any two adjacent kilns, constructing the said kilns
with the open topped bottom flue D in combination with side flues leading there-

page_text: from to the stack and to two main hot gas flues I and which by side passages
are connected with the upper parts of the kilns said flues and passages being
controlled by dampers and all arranged substantially as hereinbefore described
and illustrated by the accompanying drawings so as to convey the heat at will
from any one or more of the kilns of the series to any other one or more of the
said kilus in the manner herein set forth.
Dated this 25th day of Folruary 1890
CHARLES BOSWORTH KETLEY,
Agent for the Applicants.