IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING, COOLING AND HEATING
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
I HENRY HOCKING, of 16 Spellow Lane, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS
IN AND IN APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING, COOLING AND HEATING to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to that class of apparatus for condensing, cooling and
heating in which a liquid, or fluid is brought under the action, by surface contact,
of a condensing, cooling, or heating medium, for example, in what are known
as "fresh water condensers,” “coolers," "feed-water heaters" and "hot-water
apparatus."
My Invention consists in causing currents of liquids, or fluids to come in contact
with each other and to cross and re-cross cach other in spiral courses in their
passage through the apparatus, hereafter described, so as to impede the too rapid
passage of the liquid, or fluid through the apparatus and so as to bring the liquid
or fluid a comparatively longer time under the action of the condensing cooling, or
heating influences.
An apparatus constructed according to my Invention consists of two spirally
grooved tubes of different diameters, one having a left-handed spiral groove or
grooves and the other having a right-handed spiral groove or grooves placed so as
to come together one within the other and thereby forming crossing and re-crossing
courses. The ends of the tubes are brought together and are swaged, rivetted, or
otherwise connected so as to close the spiral courses and leave the central space of
the inner tube open. The tubes thus constructed are provided with suitable pipes
through which the spiral courses are supplied with and delivered of the liquid, or
fluid to be condensed, cooled, or heated.
The tubes may be used singly, or in a group, or nest according to the require-
ments of the case.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I HENRY HOCKING of 16 Spellow Lane, Liverpool in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS
IN AND IN APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING, COOLING AND HEATING and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :—
My Invention relates to that class of apparatus for condensing, cooling and
beating in which-a-liquid,-or-fluid is brought under the action, by surface contact,
of a condensing, cooling, or-heating-medium,-for example, in what are known-
as "fresh water condensers," "coolers," "feed water heaters," and "hot water
apparatus."
My Invention consists in causing currents of liquids, or fluids to come in contact
with each other and to cross and recross each other in spiral courses. in their
passage through the apparatus, hereafter-described;-so-as-to impede the too rapid.
-passage-of-the liquid, or fluid through the apparatus and so as to bring the liquid,
or fluid a comparatively longer time under the action of the condensing, cooling, or
-heating-influences.-
An apparatus constructed according to my Invention consists of two-spirally-
grooved tubes of different diameters, one having a left handed spiral groove, or
grooves and the other having a right handed spiral groove, or grooves, placed so as
to come together one within the other and thereby forming crossing and re crossing
courses. The ends of the tubes are brought together and are swaged, rivetted, or
otherwise connected, so as to close the spiral courses and leave the central space of
the inner tube open. The tubes thus constructed are provided with suitable pipes
through which the spiral courses are supplied with, and delivered of, the liquid, or
fluid to be condensed, cooled, or heated.
The tubes may be used singly, or in a group, or nest, according to the require-
ments of the case.
The beforegoing being the nature, object and purposes of my Invention, I will
now proceed to describe more in detail how the same may be carried out into
practical effect, reference being had to the annexed sheet of Drawings, which make
a part of this Specification, and to the letters and figures of reference marked
thereon, like letters and figures being used to denote like parts throughout the
various views.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a crossed spirally grooved tube according to
my Invention.
Figure 2 is an outside elevation of Figure 1 with the lower part of the outer
tube broken off, so as to show the inner tube,
Figure 3 is a sectional elevation of an apparatus for condensing and cooling or
for heating liquids according to my Invention, the tubes being shown in different

page_text: with spiral indentations a running in opposite directions. The cylinders, or tubes
aro placed one within the other in such a manner that the spiral indentations a
of the tubo a' cross the spiral indentations a of the tube a³ and so form cross ways
or passages thereby forming crossing and recrossing courses in the annular space
between the tubes a¹ a'. The ends of the tubes, or cylinders a¹ a³ are brought
together and swaged, rivetted, or otherwise connected so as to close the crossed
spiral courses and leave the central space of the inner tube a open. The tubes a¹ aª
thus constructed and connected form the tube A, the ends of which are provided
with suitable pipes such as b through which the crossed spiral courses are supplied
with and delivered of the liquid, or fluid to be condensed, cooled, or hoated. The
Drawings show a convenient mode of closing the ends of the tube A and con-
necting thereto the pipes b, but any other convenient mode of effecting this
connection may be adopted.
The tube A as above described may be used singly, or in a group, or nest
according to the requirements of the case, and tho purpose to which they are
applied.
In Figures 3. 4 and 5 is shown an apparatus provided with tubes A constructed
according to my Invention, the apparatus being a condenser for condensing steam
and cooling the condensed water and being suitable for use on board ship for
obtaining fresh water from salt water, and applicable also as a feed water heater.
The apparatus consists of a group of the tubes A constructed according to my
Invention and as above described and the following known parts, namely B is a
water circulating vessel provided with passages C D through which the condensing
water, or water to be heated circulates. G are diaphragms between which the
tubes A are placed and through which the pipes 6 of the tubes A pass, being
connected to the said diaphragms G by the nuts has shown. The upper tubes b
open into a steam chest E provided with an entrance passage F. The lower tubes b
open into a filter box J provided with a strainer H an aðrating pipo I and a draw
off pipe K, for the outlet of the condensed water.
The apparatus shown at Figures 3. 4 and 5 is arranged as a condenser for
obtaining fresh water from salt water, but the same arrangement of apparatus will
also serve as a feed water heater. The tubes a are also suitable and can be used
with advantage as tubes for surface condensers.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
First The improved method herein set forth of condensing vapours and cooling
the condensed liquid, which consists in causing such vapour or condensed liquid
to cross and recross in flowing through the apparatus, as set forth for the purpose
described.
Second Constructing tubes of the type herein described with spiral projections,
or indentations whereby crossing' courses are formed as and for the purposes
specified.
Third The combination of a tube provided with spiral indentations running in
one direction with a tube provided with spiral indentations running in the opposite
direction as set forth for the purposes described.
D
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