Improved Alloys for Casting into Outting Tools.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Oct., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 2nd July, 1892-Accepted, 27th Aug., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Alloys for Casting into Outting Tools.
I, CARL JOHAN LAURENTZ LEFFLER of Havelock Street, Sheffield in the
County of York, Metal Agent, do hereby declare the nature of my invention to be
as follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of cast cutting tools of great density,
hardness and durability, such tools being especially useful in the working of
metals.
In carrying out my invention, I use pig iron as a basis, into which I introduce
tungsten alone, or a combination of two or more of any of the following metals,
tungsten lead, zinc, uranium, titanium, copper, nickel, cobalt, chromium, molyb
denum, or alloys, or compounds of same, in such proportions as may be most
suitable for producing cast tools of the requisite hardness and toughness for
performing the work for which they are intended.
I may also introduce pieces of wrought iron or steel, but not to the extent of
lowering the carbon in the resulting alloy to the point at which it occurs in the
hardest forgeable steel, and so that the nature of the material shall remain the
same as pig-iron in point of carbon.
The introduction of the above named metal, or combination of metals, or alloys
or compounds of same, into the pig-iron may be done either in a furnace or in a
crucible, at various stages in the operation of melting as may be most suitable.
(Ferro silicon, aluminium or its alloys, ferro manganese or spiegeleisen may be
added to the bath in the furnace, or in the crucible, also coke, coal, or charcoal to
prevent oxidation, or possibly to increase the carbon in the alloy. When the pig-
iron used is low in sulphur I may add any of the sulphides of lead, zinc, copper,
nickel, cobalt, molybdenum and iron, either alone or mixed with coke, coal or
charcoal to facilitate the combination of the metals in the sulphides with the
pig-iron, and the other metal or metals introduced therein). The alloy thus melted
may be cast direct from the furnace or crucible into tools, or it may be run into
moulds for remelting and casting into tools.
The tools are cast to required shape by any of the methods usually employed in
foundries, and the part of the tool forming the cutting edge, I prefer to be chilled
in the operation of casting..
I am aware that cutting tools have previously been made from cast pig-iron,
and I therefore do not claim such manufacture as part of my invention, which
consists in producing cutting tools from cast iron into which tungsten alone has
been introduced, or into which a combination of two or more of the before
mentioned metals have been introduced as before described, either by casting them
from the molten alloy direct from the furnace or crucible, or from the alloy which
has been run from the furnace or crucible into moulds for remelting and casting
into tools.
Dated the and demontabox 1901

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Alloys for Casting into Cutting Tools.
I, CARL JOHAN LAURENTZ LEFFLER of Havelock Street, Sheffield in the
County of York, Metal Agent do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of cast cutting tools of great density,
hardness and durability, such tools being especially useful in the working of
metals.
In carrying out my invention, I use pig-iron, as a basis, into which I introduce
two or more of any of the following metals; tungsten, lead, uranium, titanium,
copper, nickel, cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, or alloys, or compounds of same, in
such proportions as may be most suitable for producing cast tools of the requisite
hardness and toughness for performing the work for which they are intended.
I may also introduce pieces of wrought iron or steel, but not to the extent of
lowering the carbon in the resulting alloy to the point at which it occurs in the
hardest forgeable steel, and so that the nature of the material shall resemble that
of pig-iron in point of carbon.
The introduction of the above named metals, or combination of two or more of
them, or alloys or compounds of same into the pig-iron, may be done either in a
furnace, or in a crucible, at various stages in the operation of melting, as may be
most suitable, and the alloy thus melted, may be cast direct from the furnace or
the crucible into tools, or it may be run into moulds for the purpose of remelting
and casting into tools.
The proportions in which two or more of the aforesaid metals are to be used
will necessarily depend on the hardness and toughness required in the alloy for
instance for tools for turning, cast iron, wrought iron, or soft steel, I prefer to use
an alloy with 4% tungsten, 2% nickel and 2% chromium; for tools for turning
harder materials an alloy with 6 %/
½ tungsten, 2% nickel, 1% copper, 3%
chromium, and % molybdenum, and for tools where toughness is more essential
an alloy with 1% tungsten, 2% nickel, % chromium and % lead. A. convenient
way of introducing nickel and copper is to use an alloy thereof, and as such alloy
contains some cobalt the alloy for the tools will contain a little cobalt. The
dearness of uranium and titanium will only permit their use in minute percentages.
Tungsten, chromium and molybdenum will impart hardness to the alloy, nickel
and cobalt hardness as well as toughness, and copper and lead toughness. It
will be understood that if a larger proportion of the metal or metals imparting
hardness has to be used for an alloy or comparatively larger proportion of the
metal or metals imparting toughness may also have to be used in order to obtain
the highest attainable degree of hardness and toughness therein, and consequently
that do not bind myself to the beforementioned percentages, nor
proportions in which two or more of any of the aforesaid metals are to be used
for the production of an alloy for any given purpose, or of any desired quality.
to the
The tools are cast to the required shape by any of the methods usually
employed in foundries, and the part of the tool forming the cutting edge, I prefer
to be chilled in the operation of casting.
I am aware that cutting tools have previously been made from cast pig-iron, and
I therefore do not claim such. manufacture as forming any part of my invention,
but
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and the manner in which the same is or may be performed or carried into
practice, I declare that what I claim is :-
Improved alloys made by introducing two or more of the hereinbefore specified

page_text: metals, or their alloys, or compounds into pig-iron, and the casting of cutting tools
therefrom in the manner substantially as described in the foregoing Specification.
Dated the 30th day of June 1892.
ROBT. F. DRURY, C.P.A.,
Bank Buildings, George Street, Sheffield, Agent for Applicant.