IMPROVEMENTS IN GENERATING. STEAM, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR HEATING FLUIDS AND FOR HEATING OR EVAPORATING, LIQUIDS."
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Christian Löbnitz, of the Firm of Hen-.
derson, Coulborn,, and. Company, of the Town and County of
Renfrew, North Britain, Engineer and Shipbuilder, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN GENERATING. STEAM, AND IN THE APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREFOR, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR HEATING
FLUIDS AND FOR HEATING OR EVAPORATING, LIQUIDS."'
Scaled the 17th October 1872, and dated the 3rd August 1872:
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Christian Löbnitz-
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 3rd August 1872. .
I, HENRY CHRISTIAN LÖBNITZ, of the Firm of Henderson, Coulborn,
and Company, of the Town and County of Renfrew, North Britain,
Engineer and Shipbuilder, do hereby declare the nature of the said
"Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN GENERATING STEAM; AND IN THE APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREFOR, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR HEATING
FLUIDS AND FOR HEATING OR EVAPORATING LIQUIDS," to be as follows, that is
to soup.

page_text: being taken up by the water as soon or nearly as soon as it is given off
therefrom. The heat has at once exposed to it a very large absorbent
surface in place of travelling over or through flues or passages which
do not constitute heating or steam generating surfaces as in arrange-
ments of boilers hitherto in use. A more perfect circulation of water
is ensured and deposition of brine and sediment to a great extent
prevented through the arrangement of the tubes relatively with the
other parts of the boiler.
Under one arrangement the boiler or apparatus consists of a vertical
tower, which may be circular, square, oblong, or polygonal, in horizontal
section, and projecting out at one side or all round the sides of which
are horizontal or inclined water tubes, each tube being preferably double
so as to produce free circulation of the water, or each tube may be a
single straight length provided or not provided with a "Field "tube
or diaphragm at the interior. The fire-grate is situated beneath the
projecting tubes, and the whole is enclosed within a metallic or other
casing.
Under another arrangement the boiler or apparatus consists of two
towers of any of the forms herein-before mentioned, these towers being
connected together by several rows of tubes which may be horizontal or
having the alternate rows inclined in opposite directions, the latter
being preferred in order to ensure a better circulation of the water. The
fire-grate is situated below the tubes, and the whole is enclosed in a.
casing.
Under other arrangements of the boiler or apparatus any desired
number of the said vertical towers may be arranged in a circle, square,
oblong, or in parallel rows, and connected together by horizontal or
inclined tubes in the manner herein-before described with reference to
the second arrangement.
It is to be understood that besides being adapted for generating steam
the boilers or apparatus herein described may be used for heating or
superheating fluids or for heating and evaporating liquids. .

page_text: SPECIFICATION in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Christian Löbnitz in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 1st February 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
CHRISTIAN LÖBNITZ, of the Firm of Henderson, Coulborn, and Com-
pany, of the Town and County of Renfrew, North Britain, Engineer and
Shipbuilder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the 36th
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Henry Christian Löbnitz, Her special license
that I, the said Henry Christian Löbnitz, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Christian
Löbnitz, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
" IMPROVEMENTS IN GENERATING STEAM AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREFOR, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR HEATING FLUIDS AND
FOR HEATING OR EVAPORATING LIQUIDS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Henry Christian Löbnitz, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and, cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Christian Löbnitz, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say:
i
My said Invention relates to improvements in generating steam,
whereby economy of fuel is obtained. The heat has at once exposed to
it a very large absorbent surface. A more perfect circulation of water

page_text: is ensured and deposition of brine and sediment to a great extent pre-
vented through the arrangement of the tubes relatively with the other
parts of the boiler.
Under one arrangement the boiler or apparatus consists of a vertical
tower which, may be circular, square, oblong, or polygonal in horizontal
section, and projecting out at one side or all' round the sides of which
are horizontal or inclined water tubes, each tube being preferably double
so as to produce free circulation of the water, or each tube may be a
single straight length provided or not provided with an internal tube or
diaphragm at the interior. The fire-grate is situated beneath the pro-
jecting tubes, and the whole is enclosed within a metallic or other
casing.
Under another arrangement the boiler or apparatus consists of two
towers of any of the forms herein-before mentioned, these towers being
:connected together by several rows of tubes, the alternate rows of which
´are inclined in opposite directions to ensure a better circulation of the
water. The fire-grate is situated below the tubes, and the whole is
enclosed in a casing.
: Under another arrangement of the boiler or apparatus any desired
number of the said vertical towers may be arranged in a circle, square,
oblong, or in parallel rows, and connected together by tubes in the
manner herein-before described with reference to the second arrange-
ment.
It is to be here understood that besides being adapted for generating
steam, the boilers or apparatus herein described may be used for heating
or superheating fluids, or for heating and evaporating liquids.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood I
now proceed more particularly to set forth the system, mode, or manner
in or under which the same is or may be used or practically carried into
effect, that is to say,-
On Sheet 1 of the Drawings hereunto appended, Figure 1 is a vertical
section shewing one arrangement of my improved boiler; Figure 2 is a
horizontal section thereof on the line a, a, Figure 1; .and Figure 3 is a
transverse section of the same on the line b, b, Figure 1. As shewn
bythese Figures the boiler under this arrangement consists of a vertical
tower A, constructed of a rectangular form. Projecting from two sides
of the tower A are a series of double horizontal water tubes B, the water.

page_text: tubes B being, by preference, constructed double in order to obtain a free
circulation of the water, but in place of such double tubes, as shewn
at Figures 1, 2, and 3, single tubes projecting horizontally from the
tower A may be employed, and single tubes B¹ may be placed between
the double tubes B, as shewn on one side of the tower A at Figures 1
and 3 of the Drawings. The fire-grates C are situated beneath the
projecting tubes B, and the whole boiler is enclosed within' a metallic or
other casing D, the waste products of combustion escaping through a
chimney or uptake E situate on the top of the casing D; Figure 4 is
a vertical section of a boiler in which the water tubes are inclined and
constructed in single straight lengths; Figure 5 is a horizontal section of
the same on the line c, c, Figure 4. The water tubes B are shewn
situated on two sides of the vertical tower A, but they may be situated on
three or the four sides of the said tower. At Figure 6 the boiler is shewn
in horizontal section having the tower A circular in horizontal section.
The water tubes B, which may be single or double, are situated around
the same, radiating from the centre. The whole boiler is enclosed within
a suitable casing C provided with doors D, by means of which the fuel
is supplied to the fire-grates situated around the tower A beneath the
water tubes B.
:
:
Figure 7, Sheet 1, of the Drawings is a vertical section shewing
another arrangement of my improved boiler; Figure 8 is a horizontal
'section of the same on the line d, d, Figure 7. Under this arrangement
the boiler consists of two vertical towers A which are shewn circular in
horizontal section. The towers A are connected together by several
rows of water tubes B, some of the rows being inclined in directions
opposite to the inclination of the other. rows in order to insure a better
circulation of the water; the tubes may be bent to allow for expansion
and contraction. Fire-grates C are situated beneath the tubes B, and
the whole is enclosed within a casing D, the waste products of com
bustion escaping through a chimney E situated at the upper part of the
casing D. The upper part of the towers A are connected together by
a passage or chamber F, which forms a stay as well as a portion of the
steam chest.
At Figure 9 a boiler is shewn in vertical section, and at Figure 10 in
horizontal section on the line e, e, Figure 9, with one of the towers A
constructed of a rectangular form, whilst the other is formed circular.
Projecting from one side of the rectangular tower A are a series of
double water tubes B, which may have single tubes B₁ placed between the

page_text: double tubes B, as shewn at Figure 9, and projecting from that part of
the circular tower A which is opposite the side of the rectangular tower
from which the double tubes project are a series of horizontal single
tubes B'. The series of tubes B and B¹ respectively nearly meeting half
way between the towers A.. In the arrangement of the boiler or
apparatus herein-before described and illustrated, wherein the single
straight lengths of water tubes are employed, an internal tube or
diaphragm may be provided at the interior in order to ensure a better
circulation of the water.
Figure 11 is a part plan and a part horizontal section shewing an
arrangement of boiler in which a number of rectangular vertical towers
A are employed. The towers A. are shewn as situated in two rows with
the projecting tubes B (which may be inclined or horizontal) of each
of the rows of towers A, so arranged as to face each other. The fuel
is supplied to the fire-grates by means of the doors C, and the whole
is enclosed within a casing D, the waste products of combustion escaping
through uptakes D' to a chimney E.
: At Figure 12 the boiler is shewn partly in plan and partly in hori-
zontal section, arranged so as to form a square, which consists of two
rows of circular towers A; the tubes B, which are inclined as shewn in
Figure 7, Sheet 1, are also connected to a centre row of rectangular
towers C, the whole being enclosed within a casing D. The furnace
doors E are situated as shewn in the casing D.
On Sheet 2 of the Drawings, Figure 1 is a part plan and a part hori-
zontal section shewing an arrangement in which two rows of circular
towers A are employed, which are connected together by tubes B,
inclined as shewn at Figure 7, Sheet 1, and the whole is enclosed in a
casing C which is provided with furnace doors D and a chimney E,
through which the waste products of combustion escape.
At Figure 2, Sheet 2, of the Drawings is shewn one row of rectangular
towers A with either single or double water tubes B projecting at
alternate sides thereof, and the whole enclosed in a rectangular casing C,
which is provided preferably with a furnace door D, to each set or series
of tubes B a chimney E being situated in the centre of the upper part
of the casing C for carrying off the waste products of combustion.
On Sheet 3 of the Drawings Figure 1 is a vertical section and Figure 2
a horizontal section on the line x, x, Figure 1, of an arrangement of
3

page_text: boiler shewing one vertical tower A of a rectangular form and 'pro-
jecting from one side of which are the sets of tubes Band.B' respectively.
The tubes B are situated near the upper part of the tower. A and are
made in single straight lengths, whilst the tubes B¹ which are placed
at the lower part of the tower A are made double and arranged as
shewn more particularly at Figure 1. The fire-grate C is situated below
the tubes B and B', and the whole boiler is enclosed within a casing
D provided with a chimney or uptake E. At the upper part of the.
tower A a steam chest F is placed which also forms a stay for strength-
ening the boiler.. A plate G is situated vertically within and extends
across the interior of the tower A for improving the circulation and
baffle" or priming plates H are placed within the steam space of the
tower A as shewn.
"
Lastly, it is to be understood that the boilers herein-before described
and shewn on the accompanying Drawings are applicable for marine
and land engines, besides constituting apparatus which may also be
employed for heating or superheating fluids or for heating and evapo-
rating liquids. It is further to be understood that in all the examples
of boilers or apparatus illustrated on the Drawings hereunto appended,
that in lieu of constructing each modification with the towers of the
horizontal sections shewn, towers having the other sections herein-before
named may be substituted.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and shown several modifications or arrangements in or
under which the same is or may be used or carried out in practice, I
desire to observe that I do not claim the construction of boilers con-
sisting of vertical towers connected together by horizontal straight tubes,
but what I do consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as
the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,-
First. The arrangement or construction of boilers or apparatus con-
sisting of a vertical tower or chamber of either circular, square, or poly-
gonal horizontal section, and from one or more sides of which water
tubes project according to the several arrangements herein-before
described and shewn on the three appended Sheets of Drawings.
Second: I claim the construction and arrangements of steam boilers

page_text: connected. together. by tubes inclined in opposite directions as herein
before described.
19
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Christian Löbnitz, have here-
unto set my hand and scal, this Thirty-first day of January, Onc
thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
i
HENRY CHRISTIAN LÖBNITZ. (L.S.)"