Improvements in Consecutive View Apparatus.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Oct., 1899-Accepted, 23rd Dec., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Consecutive View Apparatus.
I, ELIAS BERNARD KOOPMAN, of 18 and 19, Great Windmill Street, near
Piccadilly Circus, London, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates generally to improvements in consecutive view apparatus,
such as employ a flexible picture strip or film, and relates particularly to impiove-
ments in mechanism employed for vaiving the rate of feeding of such picture
strip o filin, and in the means employed for unwinding the strip or film from
the supply eel My invention consists in the novel means employed for vary-
ing the rate of feeding of the picture strip or film, and in the novel means
employed for unwinding the strip or film fiom the supply reel.
The objects of my invention aie, to improve the devices employed for varying
the rate of feeding of films or picture stips in consecutive view apparatus, to
render auch mechanism as simple and effective as possible, and to improve the
means employed for drawing the strip or film from the supply reel, and avoid
undue strain upon such strip or film.
These objects are attained in the invention herein described and illustrated
in the drawings which accompany and form a part of this specification, in
which the same reference numerals indicate the same or corresponding parts,
and in which.
Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of a consecutive view reproducing
apparatus constructed in accordance with my invention, the section being taken
through the optical axis; Figure 2 is a transverse section of the variable speed
film-feeding mechanism on the line of Figure 1, looking toward the front
of the machine; Figure 3 18 a plan view of the feeding rollers and connected
parts, Figure 4 18 an elevation of the supply reels and associated parts, illus-
trating a construction wherein the hereinafter mentioned paper strip is placed
beside the film strip; and Figure 5 is a plan view of the construction shown
in Figure 4
In the diawings, 1 is the outer case of a consecutive view projecting apparatus,
2 the objective lens thereof, 3 a light opening in the side of the case, outside of
which a suitable projecting lantern or other source of hight may be placed, and
4 18 a mirror which reflects the light entering through the aperture 3 into the
lens 2. 5 is a supply reel, revolubly mounted, from which the film may be
diawn, and 6 18 a winding up reel, likewise revolubly mounted. 7,7, are guide
pulleys, 8 18 a support located transversely of the path of the rays of light, and
918 a spring-pressed frame, surrounding the opening in the plate 8 and tending
to press against said plate The frame, therefore, serves to hold the film steady
while being exposed, and to offer some slight frictional resistance to the passage
of the film across the optical field.
10 and 11 are two feeding rollers for feeding the film forward intermittently
Roller 10 18 segmental, having the greater portion of its face cut away, leaving

page_text: a working surface extending through only a portion of the circumference. It
is mounted upon the main driving shaft, 12.
Roller 11 8 mounted on a lever 13, likewise mounted on the shaft 12 A
link 14, connects the frame 13 and a bai, 15, supported by a pivoted block, 16.
pivoted to the carriage 17, and arranged to slide along bar 15, when the carriage
is moved laterally. A crank 18, on the shaft 12, 18 connected by a connecting
rod 19 to the end of the bar 15. The bar 15 18 restricted against longitudinal
movement by a link 20.
The cannage 17 is mounted upon a suitable guide, 21, and is provided with a
lack, 22. A pinion, 23, which may be 1otated by means of the lever 24,
engages this rack. By moving the lever 24, therefore, the lateral position of
the cariage may be changed.
The effect of varving the position of the cannage 17 18 to vary the amount of
vibratory movement of the roller 11 The cank 13 communicates a vibratory
movement to the bai 15, the center of vibration of said bar being at the pivot
by which block 16 18 pivoted to the carriage 17. If this center of vibration be
coincident with the point of attachment of link 14 with bar 15, then obviously
the motion of the bar 15 communicates no motion to the roller 11. If the
center of vibration be to the night of said point of attachment of the link 14,
then roller 11 vibrates in opposition to the movement of the working face of
roller 10; while if the center of vibration be to the left of the said point of
attachment, roller 11 vibrates in unison with the movement of the working
face of the roller 10, moving downward as said working face moves downward.
The degree of motion which the roller 11 receives depends upon the distance
of the center of vibration to the right or to the left of the point of attachment
of the link 14 to the bar 15
Varying the degree of vibration of the roller 11, and changing the direction of
such vibration with respect to the direction of motion of the working face of the
roller 10, has the effect of varying the rate of feeding of the film, for it varies
the time during which the working face of 1oller 10 and roller 11 are in contact
during each revolution of roller 10
The shaft 25, upon which the winding up reel 6 is mounted, is driven from
shaft 12 by a belt 26 running over a pulley 27 on shaft 12 and over a pulley 28
on shaft 25 (Fig 5), and by a frictional driving device 29, interposed between
pulley 28 and shaft 25, which permits said pulley to slip upon said shaft when
all of the slack in the film has been taken up In order to prevent the strain
upon the film produced by the tendency of the reel 6 to revolve, from causing
motion of the film through the field of the apparatus to occur during the
intervals of exposure, when the film should be absolutely stationary, the film
18 passed about a series of snubbing posts 30, which suffice to prevent the strain
produced by the winding up reel from reaching that portion of the film which
passes through the optical axis.
In consecutive view apparatus, it is desirable that the film shall be drawn
from the supply reel by some means which operates more gently and uniformly
than the intermittently-operating feeding mechanism by which the film is moved
intermittently and with exteme rapidity through the field of exposure or
illumination, both in order that possible injury to the film may be avoided,
and in order that the movement of the film through the field of exposure or
illumination may be as rapid as possible. It is common to provide a separate
feeding mechanism, operating uniformly, for drawing the film from the supply
reel I accomplish this purpose more simply, however, by emploving a flexible
strip 31, wound upon the supply reel 5 with the film, so that it is interposed
between the successive layers of the film, and which passes directly to the wind-
ing up reel 6, and is wound upon said reel 6 with the film
This strip 31 may
As it is wound up by the winding up reel it causes the supply
reel to rotate and so to unwind both the strip 31 and the film.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows.-
be of paper.

page_text: When the driving shaft 12 is rotated, the feeding roll 10 is rotated, and
during each revolution its working face presses the film against the roller 11,
thus feeding the film intermittently through the field of the apparatus. The
film thus fed forward is wound upon the reel 6 by the revolution of said reel,
which slips upon its shaft when the slack in the film has been taken up; but
the rate at which shaft 25 is driven is such that the rotation of reel 6 is nearly
continuous As reel 6 rotates, it winds up the paper strip 31 which connects
said reel and the supply reel 5, thus causing the supply reel to rotate and unwind
the strip 31 and the film strip.
If the pivotal point of the block 16 be to the right of the point of attach-
ment of link 14 to bar 15, then roller 11 vibrates up and down, as the roller 10
revolves, in opposition to the motion of the working face of roller 10, thus
rendering the period of contact between the rollers 11 and 10 and the film of
shorter duration than would be the case were roller 11 stationary; while if the
pivot of block 16 be to the left of the point of attachment of link 14 to bar 15,
the said period of contact is longer than if the roller 11 were stationary, the
1oller 11 bating up and down in conjunction with the movement of the work-
ing face of rollei 10° By moving the block 16 along the bar 15, by means of
the lever 24, therefore, the rate of feeding of the film may be vaned at will.
A shutter 32 may be driven from the shaft 12 by means of a shutter shaft 33
and suitable gearing.
The stup 31, by which the film is unwound from the supply reel, need not
be wound between the layers of the film strip, but may be to one side of the
film stup. In such case, both the supply and the winding up ieel may be in
two sections, one for the film and the other for strip 31 This is illustrated in
Figures 4 and 5, in which 5¹ and 5" are the sections of the supply reel, and 61
one section of the winding up reel. The two sections of each reel are con-
nected together by being keyed to the shaft upon which they are mounted in
common.
When the paper strip 31 18 placed to one side of the film strip, as in the
construction shown in Figures 4 and 5, the light opening 3 may be in the rear
end of the case 1, dieetly in line with the axis of the objective lens The
mirio 4 is not required
When the consti uction shown in Figures 4 and 5 is employed, the strip 31
should have the same thickness as the film strip, so that the effective diameter
of both sections of the winding up ieel may increase at the same rate.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim 18 -
1. In a consecutive view apparatus, the combination, with a segmental feed
roller, and means for rotating the same, of a second feed 1oller, adapted to
coact with said segmental feed rollei in feeding a film or picture strip, means
for vibrating said second roller, and means for varying the amplitude of
vibration.
2 In a consecutive view apparatus, the combination, with a segmental feed
roller, and means for 1otating the same, of a second feed roller, adapted to coact
with said regmental feed roller in feeding a film or picture strip, a support
therefor pivoted concentrically with the segmental feed ioller, means for vihrat-
ing said second feed roller, and means for vaiving the amplitude of vibration
3. In a consecutive view apparatus, the combination, with a segmental feed
roller, and means for rotating the same, of a second feed roller, adapted to coact
with said segmental feed roller in feeding a film or picture stup, and means for
vibrating said second roller in unison with, or in opposition to, the movement
of the working face of the segmental roller, at will.
4 In a consecutive view apparatus, the combination, with a segmental feed

page_text: .
roller, and means for rotating the same, of a second feed roller, adapted to coact
with said segmental feed roller in feeding a film or picture strip, means for
vibrating said second roller in unison with, or in opposition to, the movement
of the working face of the segmental roller, and means for varying the ampli-
tude of vibration, at will.
5 In a consecutive view apparatus, the combination, with a segmental feed
roller, and means for rotating the same, of a second feed roller, adapted to coact
with said segmental feed, roller in feeding a film or picture strip, means for
vibrating said second roller in a path concentric with said segmental feed roller,
and means for varying the amplitude of vibration.
6. In a consecutive view apparatus, the combination, with a segmental feed
roller, and means for 1otating the same, of a second feed roller, adapted to coact
with said segmental feed roller in feeding a film or picture strip, a vibrating
member adapted to vibrate about a center of vibration, means for vibrating
such member about such center in unison with the evolution of the segmental
feed rolle, means for moving such center of vibration at will, and means for
movably supporting the second feed roller and for connecting it to said vibrating
member.
7. In a consecutive view apparatus, the combination, with a segmental feed
.1oller, and means for rotating the same, of a second feed roller, adapted to
coact with said segmental feed roller in feeding a film or picture strip, a pivoted
guide block, a bar adapted to slide within said pivoted guide-block, a movable
carriage to which said guide-block 18 pivoted; means for moving said carnage,
means for vibrating said bar in unison with the revolution of the segmental
feed roller, and means for movably supporting the second feed 1oller and for con-
necting it to said bar.
8 In a consecutive view apparatus, the combination, with a segmental feed
roller, and means for rotating the same, of a second feed roller, adapted to coact
with said segmental feed roller in feeding a film or picture strip, a pivoted
guide-block, a bar adapted to slide within said pivoted guide-block, a movable
carriage to which said guide-block 18 pivoted, means for moving said carriage,
means for vibrating said bar in unison with the revolution of the segmental
feed roller, a support for said second feed roller pivoted concentrically with the
segmental feed roller, and means for connecting said support and vibrating bar,
substantially as described.
9. In a consecutive view apparatus, the combination, with supply and wind-
ing up reels for a suitable film or picture strip, and means for driving the wind-
ng up reel, of a flexible strip, other than said film or picture strip, wound
upon the supply reel, and connecting said reel to, and arranged to be wound
upon, the winding up reel, and serving to rotate the supply reel and unwind
the film or picture strip as the winding up reel rotates, and feeding mechanism
for feeding the film intermittently through the field of the apparatus, acting
upon the film, but not upon said other flexible strip.
10. In a consecutive view apparatus, the combination, with supply and wind-
ing up reels for a suitable film or picture strip, means for driving the winding
up reel, and means for feeding the film or picture strip through the field of the
apparatus, of a flexible strip, other than said film or picture strip, wound upon
the supply reel, and connecting said reel to, and arranged to be wound upon, the
winding up reel, and serving to rotate the supply reel and unwind the film or
picture strip as the winding up reel rotates, and feeding mechanism for feed-
ing the film intermittently through the field of the apparatus, acting upon the
film, but not upon the said other flexible strip
11. In a consecutive view apparatus, the combination, with supply and wind-
ing up reels for a suitable film or picture strip, and means for driving the wind-
ing up reel, of a flexible strip, other than said film or picture strip, wound upon
the supply eel between the layers of the film or picture strip, and connecting
said supply reel to, and arranged to be wound upon, the winding up reel, and

page_text: serving to rotate the supply reel and unwind the film or picture stup as the
winding up reel rotates, and feeding mechanism for feeding the film inter-
mittently through the field of the apparatus, acting upon the film, but not upou
said other flexible strip.
Dated this 21st Jar of filatober 1900