IM- PROVEMENTS IN SPINNING LOOMS AND IN THE SPINDLES EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ernest Bazin, of Angers, Maine et Loire, France,
Engineer, Armand Ruiz, of No. 1, Rue d'Argenson, in the City of
Paris, Banker, and Edouard Le Pelletier, of No. 55, Rue Lepic, in
the City of Paris, aforesaid, Banker, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN SPINNING LOOMS AND IN THE SPINDLES EMPLOYED THEREIN."
"
Scaled the 10th May 1870, and dated the 17th November 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ernest Bazin, Armand
Ruiz, and Edouard Le Pelletier at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 17th November 1869.
We, ERNEST BAZIN, of Angers, Maine et Loire, France, Engineer,
ARMAND RUIZ, of No. 1, Rue d'Argenson, in the City of Paris, Banker,
and EDOUARD LE PELLETIER, of No. 55, Rue Lepic, in the City of Paris,
aforesaid, Banker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING LCOMS AND IN THE SPINDLES EMPLOYED THEREIN,'
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, 1st., in adapting to spinning looms revolving
coilers containing the material to be spun. These coilers in turning
produce a thread which is afterwards drawn and spun by the same loom.

page_text: 2ndly. The arrangement of spindles applicable to spinning looms
and to doubling and twisting machines, the said spindles having the
fly loose and inverted and arranged near the cushion, the fly heing
governed by the thread, and. giving it the twist whilst undergoing the
.strain requisite to the winding up.
The matter to be spun (prepared in ribbon) is stored in the coilers,
each of which is actuated by two pinions. The ribbon on leaving the
coilers through wide openings in the covers passes between two rollers,
which in pressing it prepare it for twisting; these rollers may have
rims or may be merely cylindrical. On leaving the rollers the thread
passes in the rim of a pulley supported laterally by the frame of the
loom. The twist determing the manufacture of the thread is effected
by the rotation of the ribbon maintained by the rollers, and by reason of
the fixed point occupied by the ribbon in passing between the supply
rollers. This manufacture of the thread dispenses with the slubbing or
bobbin frame. The thread on leaving the supply rollers is drawn down,
and passes over two. small rollers and a guide, which precedes the
delivering cylinders, armed with counter balances for the different
variations of pressure. For twisting the thread the ordinary spindle
may be used, but we prefer the following system in which the flyer is
inverted, and instead of being at the top it is placed at the base of the
spindle, and instead of being fixed thereon it is loose and independent,
and in lieu of governing the bobbin with the thread it is itself com-
manded, and instead of the bobbin being loose on the spindle it is
dependent on its movement by aid of two spurs, and the friction
necessary for winding up is exercised on the flyer instead of on the
bobbin, and the weight effecting the winding remains fixed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Ernest. Bazin, Armand Ruiz, and Edouard Le
Pelletier in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 12th May 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, ERNEST
BAZIN, of Angers, Maine et Loire, France, Engineer, ARMAND RUIZ, of
No. 1, Rue d'Argenson, in the City of Paris, Banker, and EDOUARD LE
PELLETIER, of No. 55, Rue Lepic, in the City of Paris, aforesaid, Banker,
send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors;
give and grant unto us, the said Ernest Bazin, Armand Ruiz, and
Edouard Le Pelletier, Her special licence that we, the said Ernest Bazin,
Armand Ruiz, and Edouard Le Pelletier, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Ernest Bazin, Armand Ruiz,
and Edouard Le Pelletier, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING LOOMS AND IN THE
SPINDLES EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst others) that
we, the said Ernest Bazin, Armand Ruiz, and Edouard Le Pelletier, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately.
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Ernest Bazin, Armand Ruiz,
and Edouard Le Pelletier, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the samic is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
and accompaning Drawings, that is to say:
:-
The two principal features of this Invention consist, first, in adapting
to spinning looms revolving coilers containing the material to be spun.
These coilers in turning produce a thread which is at once drawn and
spun by the same loom.
Secondly. The arrangement of spindles applicable to spinning looms
in general, but especially adapted to looms spinning hemp and flax; but
at the same time we reserve the application of our system to looms
spinning cotton, wool, silk, and other materials.
Thus the manufacture of the thread, its drawing and twisting on a
special spindle (produced directly and by aid of a single loom) con-
stitutes our system of spinning loom, and completely suppresses the use

page_text: between these pressing rollers, such elasticity of play being intended to
allow of passage to any slight irregularity or imperfections that might
occur in the manufacture of the ribbon. In Fig. 6 the ribbon passes
through a truncated cone T in two parts, mounted on two fine blades
attached to the arm or bar D fixed to the coilers. On leaving the
rollers c, c, the thread passes in the rim of a pulley d supported laterally
by the frame B of the loom. This guide pulley is animated with a rotary
motion, which is either imparted to it or it is drawn along in the passage
of the thread. The twist of the ribbon determining the manufacture of
the thread fis produced by the rotation of the ribbon maintained by the
rollers c, c, and by reason of the fixed point occupied by the ribbon in
passing between the supply rollers 1, 1, and 1'. By manufacturing the
thread in this manner the same effects as the slubbing or bobbin frame
are produced; and we would here remark that the functions of the
rollers c, c, are no less important for the following reasons:-The more
or less of homogenity presented by fine 'threads in general should
certainly be attributed more or less to the uniformity given them by the
first operation or twisting of the fibres, which leads to the conclusion
that the inequality of the fibres by the method at present employed has
a great influence on the amount of stretching that the thread can bear
in drawing, as well as the degree of solidity that the thread will possess
when twisted by the flyer, that is to say, well manufactured thread
consists in its evenness of twist, and being well drawn for producing
threads of good quality. It is the knowledge of these facts that lead us to
adopt the two cylindrical rollers for regulating and equalizing the ribbon
by making all the fibres parallel previously to being twisted into thread,
the twist being produced by the rotation of the coilers containing the
material to be twisted, as we have already described. From the pulley d
the thread f passes to the supply rollers 1, 1, and l'; the two lower
ones,, governed by gear wheels or pullies are actuated with a
determined rotary motion, whilst the upper ones l' (equal in number to
the threads to be manufactured) giving the pressure turn simply by
friction, as in existing machines. It is immediately on leaving these
supply rollers that the drawing of the thread f takes place, which before
reaching the delivery cylinders g, g', passes over small rollers h, h, and
in the guide i, which precedes the cylinders g, g'. In a word the
drawing of the thread is produced in the same manner as in ordinary
looms, that is to say, between the supply and delivery, the thread
commencing only on leaving the rollers g, g'; these, as will be seen in

page_text: the Drawings, are furnished with a counterbalance o for the different
variations of pressure.
It is on leaving the cylinders 9, 9', that our improved spindle comes
into use, but previous to describing our own method we will first mention
the defects of those at present employed in spinning hemp, so as to morc
clearly illustrate the advantages derived from the use of our improved
spindle. The ordinary spindle bears at its summit the flyer, which by
reason of its weight and the rapidity of rotation imparted to the spindle
gives to the latter a trembling movement more or less considerable
according to the distance between the cushion and the top of the
spindle, the velocity of the spindle, and the charge or load of thread on
the bobbin. It is evident that if to the flyer (fixed to the top of the
spindle) is added the weight of the bobbin charged with thread, and the
strain of traction exercised on the collar of the bobbin by the winding-up
cord, it is clear that these three causes determine an ensemble of trepi-
dations, so that the speed of the spindle is greatly impeded when it
might be infinitely increased by suppressing all these detrimental causes
to the good working of the loom. The other drawbacks arising from
placing the flyer at the top of the spindle are the following:-At the
time of taking off it is necessary to unscrew the flyer and then to rescrew
it, occasioning inconvenience and waste of time, for if spinning in an
opposite direction to the worm of the screw the latter becomes locked,
and is then difficult to unscrew. Finally the old method necessitates
the raising of the winding-up weights by aid of the raising and lowering
apparatus at each pass, which is a waste of motive power. Our system
overcomes all these obstacles, its characteristic feature being the
reversing of the general disposition of the ordinary spindle. Thus tho
flyer instead of being placed at the head of the spindle is inverted and
placed at the base, which is at the cushion, so as to avoid a space
between the cushion and the top of the spindle, and instead of being
fixed to the spindle it is loose and independent. It is always, be it
understood, the instrument of twisting, but instead of governing the
bobbin by aid of the thread it is itself that is governed, and will turn to
the right or left as desired, and the differential movement is quite
naturally performed whatever may be the size of the bobbin. The
bobbin instead of being loose on the spindle is dependent on the move-
.ment of rotation of the latter. The friction necessary for winding up is
exercised on the flyer instead of on the bobbin, and the weight required

page_text: for the operation of winding up. is fixed, that is to say, it is independent
of the movement for raising or lowering the bobbin. As regards the lifts
they are effected in a most simple manner, as there is only the bobbin
to remove to replace it by another without any previous obstacle..
Fig. 7 represents the ensemble of the spindle; Fig. 9 is a plan of the
same; and Fig. 10 a section following the line A, B. A is the grooved
flyer; B, the bobbin; C, the spindle (shown in detail, Fig. 8); it is
furnished with two longitudinal grooves D of a certain length, in which
two slides G, G, are placed (see Fig. 11), which united to the two
collars X, X, produce by the action of the raising and lowering appa-
ratus Y the raising of the bobbin. This internal movement facilitates
the raising of the bobbin in an efficacious and simple manner whilst the
spindle is in motion. F is the frame of the loom; H, the socket of the
cushion of the spindle C; H' is a nut maintaining the cushion against
the table F; I is a pulley fixed by aid of a tenon on the table F, and
destined to receive the winding-up cord i, at the lower end of which is
suspended the winding-up weight P. In order to prevent the wear
resulting from the stops of the grooves D the part m, n, of the spindle C
is covered with the iron or other metal socket H fixed to the spindle,
which admits of a good friction in the cushion, whilst at the same time
it allows free play to the slides G, G. In the collar of the .bobbin B
two holes are made for receiving the spurs o, o, fixed on the ring X',
rendering the bobbin B dependent on the rotary motion of the spindle C
and supporting it in its up-and-down movement; K is the governing
pulley of the spindle C by aid of the drum t; fis the thread passing to
the bobbin B by one of the hooks of the flyer A.
The following is the mode of action of the spindle:-The spindle being
in motion, the bobbin B participating therein by means of the spurs o, o,
turns evenly and draws in its movement by aid of the thread the
flyer A, which is loose on the spindle C.. The winding-up movement
takes place by means of the cord I passing in the rim or groove made
in the base of the flyer A. The action of the raising and lowering
apparatus Y pushes the collar X, which bound by the slides G, G, to the
collar X produces on the latter the up-and-down movement requisite to
the bobbin for the proper placing of the thread f. A spring L fixed on
the piece Y determines a certain pressure on the collar X, a pressure
which causes the collar to descend in case the weight of the ascending
and descending organs are insufficient.

page_text: From the foregoing remarks the real advantages of our system of
spindle are readily perceived; for instance, the trembling motion being
removed the rapidity of action of the loom is increased, and consequently
a greater amount of work can be done, the loss of time occasioned by
effecting the lifts being obviated by reason of the extreme facility of
performing the same, as they may even be effected if desired while the
loom is in motion, and an economy in motive power by the suppression
of the ascending motion of the winding-up weight.
En résumé, the novelty of the Invention consists in a single loom
combining a number of operations obviating the employment of the
slubbing or bobbin frame, as our loom manufactures the thread, draws,
and spins it at a single operation.
Having thus described our Invention, what we claim is,-
1st. The adaptation of revolving coilers (containing the material which
is inserted in the form of ribbon) to spinning looms, the said coilers in
turning producing a thread which is then drawn and spun by the same
loom, as already described.
2ndly. The application of spindles to spinning looms and doubling
and twisting machines, which spindles have their flyers loose and
inverted, and placed next the cushion, that is to say, the base of the
part considered as its support, this flyer being governed by the thread,
and giving it the twist whilst submitting to the action of winding up.
3rdly. The use of the grooves permitting (by aid of shafts connected to
two rings) of the ascension and descension of the bobbin, an indispensible
movement necessary for the proper placing of the thread on the bobbin,
as well as the general arrangement of the parts forming our loom.
In witness whereof, we, the said Ernest Bazin, Armand Ruiz, and
Edouard Le Pelletier, have hereunto set our hands and seals,
this Twenty-eighth day of April, in the year of our Lord Onc
thousand cight hundred and seventy.