Improvements in the Dyeing, Scouring, or like Treatment of Yarn or other Fibrous Materials, and in Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 25th June, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 25th Apr., 1890-Accepted, 31st May, 1890
LRY
Improvements in the Dyeing, Scouring, or like Treatment of Yarn
or other Fibrous Materials, and in Apparatus therefor.
I, EMILE MAERTENS, of Narragansett Hotel, corner Dorrance and Weybossett
Streets, in the City of Providence, State of Rhode Island, United States of America,
Woolen Goods Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention to be
as follows:
The object of my invention is to provide apparatus whereby yarn in the form of
cops, spools, bobbins, skeins, hanks, combed tops, cardings, etc., or raw material, or
even some forins of cloth, may be dyed, bleached, scoured or dried, the characteristic
features of the apparatus being its comparatively simple character and large capacity
considering the space occupied, the facility with which either large or small quantities
of material may be treated without any waste of dye stuff, the readiness with which,
without interrupting the operation, samples of the material may be obtained at any
time, for the purpose of matching shades, the thoroughness and uniformity of the
treatment, the facilities for using liquids of any desired degree of density or dilution,
and either cold, warın or boiling, the possibility of using at will without rehandling
of the material, either dyeing, mordauting, scouring, bleaching or other liquids,
either oxidizable or non-oxidizable, and the readiness with which a circulation of
either cold or warm air may be substituted for the circulation of liquid for oxidizing
or dyeing purposes.
My invention relates more particularly to that class of scouring, bleaching or
dyeing apparatus in which textile fibres are treated in the form of yarn wound into
cops or balls, or on spools or bobbins, although, as before stated, skeined or chained
yarns, combed tops, cardings, and even raw material, and certain cloths, can likewise
be treated by adapting the form, shape and size of the receptacle holding the
materials to be treated to the particular form, shape and bulk of such materials.
The invention further relates to that class of apparatus in which the dyeing,
scouring or bleaching liquid is caused to pass through the masses of yarn or other
inaterial to be treated either by gravity or by some suitable form of induction or
forcing apparatus, such as a pump or injector.
In carrying out my invention, I use a series of treating vessels each containing a
number of receptacles for the cops, balls or spools which are, by preference, loosely
wound in cylindrical or conical form on cop tubes or spindles, or which are transferred
from the tubes or spindles on which they were originally wound to said tubes or
spindles, the latter being allowed to remain in the cops or balls during the scouring,
bleaching or dyeing, and subsequent drying operations, and also serving if desired
not only as a means of supporting the balls or cops during the treatment, but while
they are being unwound in the subsequent operations of spooling, quilling or
warping.
The said cop tubes or spindles are in most cases perforated, or when imperforate
spindles are used, they are covered by loosely braided or woven tubes or covers before
winding the yarn thereon, so that the liquors can gain access to the innermost layers
of yarn in the ball, spool or cop, or, in case the yarn is wound on a cop tube or
spindle, from which it is afterwards transferred, the braided covering serves to insure
the proper entrance of the treating spindle after the winding spindle has been with-
drawn, and prevents said treating spindle from catching on the strands of yarn while
it is being so introduced.
This provides for the use by the spinner, of the ordinary paper cop tubes, or the
ordinary spindles or bobbins on which the yarn is sent to and returned from the dyer,

page_text: the treating spindles forming part of the dyer's plant, so that the spinner does not
have to make any material change in his present practice, nor is he put to the expense
of special spindles or bobbins.
In some cases, spindles can be dispensed with altogether, or channelled spindles or
skewers may be used, as will be described hereinafter.
In one arrangement the aforesaid vessels are adapted for a flow of liquid in one
direction by gravity or induction, provision being also made for reversing the direction
of flow. Such vessels are each divided by a longitudinal partition, above which is a
chamber which receives the dyeing or other liquid from a supply main, the vessel
being provided at its opposite end with an overflow pipe communicating with an
overflow main so that a uniform level of liquid is maintained in the said vessel, or, a
float valve on the inlet pipe may be used, if desired, or both devices may sometimes be
employed. The said chamber also communicates with an exhaust inain, the com-
munications with both supply and exhaust mains being provided with suitable
valves.
Beneath the partition of the vessel is a second chamber, which communicates,
through suitably valved connections, with a second supply main, and with a second
exhaust main, and the bottoms of the receptacles for the cops, balls or other forms of
yarn to be treated are perforated, or made in open skeleton form, so that while serving
properly to support the material, they will permit a free flow of liquor through the
same from the said upper chamber to the said lower chamber or vice-versa.
When the receptacles for the yarn are in the form of pockets, these pockets are so
shaped in respect to the shape of the balls or cops, or the latter are so shaped in
respect to the pockets, that a sufficient portion of their outside surface will make, with
the sides of the pockets, a joint, offering as much resistance to the flow of the liquid
towards the outlet of the pocket as the body of the ball or cop, so as to prevent
channelling along the sides of the ball or cop, and insure a uniform flow or percolation
of the liquor through the latter, thus compelling the whole of the liquor to pass
through or come in contact with the material being treated before reaching the
discharge chamber.
The sides of the pockets may be so formed as to bear upon the ball or cop from top
to bottom, but they are preferably recessed, so as to hear upon the cop or ball only at
top and bottom, thus permitting the liquid to gain free access to the outside of the
cop or ball between the two points of contact.
When cops or balls are wound upon hollow perforated spindles, or yarn wound
upon spools or bobbins with perforated hollow barrels, are being treated, the hollow
spindles or perforated barrels may be screwed or forced onto short hollow spindles, or
into hollow sockets in the partition of the vessel, so as to communicate with the said
lower chamber or in such cases, the single lower chamber may he replaced by a series
of pipes communicating with the supply and discharge main. In the construction of
this style of apparatus means should be provided for draining the upper chambers of
the vessels into the discharge pipe when the operation is concluded.
When the materials to be treated are of such a nature as to offer great resistance
to the free flow of liquor through them, or the liquors with which they are to be
treated are of an easily oxidizable nature, or are heated to the boiling point, I use a
closed vessel, or series of vessels, from which the air can be exhausted before the liquor
is admitted, and the latter can be forced through the material in either or both
directions, as the nature of the material to be treated may require.
In the construction of such vessels, the pockets or other receptacles for the
yarn are preferably carried by a vessel within the aforesaid main vessel, the internal
vessel being capable of being introduced or withdrawn from one end of the main
vessel and the end of said internal vessel being flanged, and the flange fitting snugly
into or against the outer casing, so as to form a tight joint therewith. The inner
vessel has short tubes, which fit snugly into the supply tubes and discharge tubes of
the outer vessel when the inner vessel has been fully inserted, so that the liquid can
be readily fed into or withdrawn from said internal vessel, and the head of the vessel

page_text: should have sampling tubes, such as described hereinafter, and the vessel should be so
constructed that air can be permitted to enter the vessel to effect the oxidization of
the material after the liquor has been drawn off.
Instead of having a single closed vessel, as just described, I may provide the
treating vessel with a series of closed receptacles each containing one or more cops,
balls or other forms of material to be treated, the receptacles being mounted upon a
duplex or double chainbered base or carrier, one chamber of the latter, say for
instance, the upper chamber communicating with the interiors of the various
receptacles, and with the exteriors of the balls or cops contained therein, and the
other chamber communicating with the interiors of said balls or cops through the
hollow bobbins, spindles, skewers, or other supports carrying the same. The outer
vessel in this case may be filled with water or other liquid to serve as a water seal for
the receptacles contained therein.
A double chambered vessel may be constructed, so that a series of the spindles
communicate with one of the said chambers, and the alternate spindles communicate
with the other chamber, for a purpose set forth hereinafter, and for the purpose of
treating yarn by what is known as the "dip" system, the yarn receptacles inay be
carried by a hollow casing suspended in the main vessel so that it is free to rise and
fall therein, and connected to the supply and discharge pipes by suitable flexible pipes
so as to permit such movement.
The object of constructing the treating vessel in such manner is to permit the flow
of the treating liquor inward through some of the cops, balls or other forms of
material being treated, while the liquor is being caused to flow outward through the
others, this method of treatment being preferable in some cases.
When materials are to be treated in an open vessel with boiling liquor, or liquor of
such temperature as to make a suitable suction impracticable, means are provided to
so cool such liquor or the vapors therefrom after the liquor has passed through the
material, that the necessary flow of liquor through the material and through the pump
can be effected. This cooling of the liquor can be effected by means of a cold water
pipe applied to the aforesaid discharge mains or in some cases, by cold water coils
in the lower chambers or by cold water jackets applied to the discharge mains or
chamber, as preferred.
In a multiple apparatus the series of vessels are preferably placed one above
another, as many vessels being employed as circumstances may suggest, each vessel
being provided with wheels or rollers, which may run upon rails supported at proper
heights upon posts or standards.
These rails are somewhat longer than (preferably twice as long as) the treating
vessels, so that either of the vessels may be run entirely out from beneath the others
of the series, to permit examination or removal of the contents, or for filling,
re-filling or emptying.
In order to permit of the ready handling of either of the vessels, the supply and
discharge pipes of the latter are connected to the branches of the supply and exhaust
mains by flexible pipes having valved and detachable connections similar to those
used upon heating or brake pipes of railway trains, so that any one of the vessels can
be readily disconnected from the supply and exhaust mains, or as readily connected
thereto.
Like connections are used between the overflow pipes and the overflow main and
the latter communicates with an overflow tank which is in communication, through a
float valve and discharge pipe, with a chamber referred to hereinafter.
In connection with the treating vessels, I use by preference, a double circulating
pump with two pump barrels so constructed that they can be used for pumping either
air or liquid.
The inlet pipe of one pump barrel communicates with the supply reservoir or
reservoirs containing the dyeing, scouring or other liquids to be used, and the
discharge pipe of said pump communicates through a two-way cock with either of
the aforesaid supply mains which lead to the treating vessels, the inlet pipe of the
other pump barrel communicating, through a like two-way cock with the aforesaid

page_text: discharge mains and the discharge pipe of said pump communicating with the liquid
reservoir or reservoirs.
When the said cocks therefore, are in one position the liquid derived from the
reservoir is directed to the upper chamber of each treating vessel and is withdrawn
from the lower chamber of the same prior to being returned to the reservoir, the
liquid, in the case of the open vessels, being drawn from the outside to the inside
through the material to be treated, by reason of the induction of the second pump
or in the case of the closed vessels, being forced in the like direction in addition to, or
in place of, being drawn through the same.
By reversing the position of the said valves, however, the said lower chambers
become the supply chambers and the said upper chambers the discharge chainbers,
and in this case the liquid is, in the case of the open vessels, forced through the
material being treated from the inside to the outside of the same, and is withdrawn
from the upper chamber as fast as it accumulates therein, while in the case of the
closed vessels, there may be a combined forcing and induction operation, in the same
manner as but in a reverse direction from that before described in connection with
the closed vessels. This reversal of the direction of the currents may be effected as
frequently as desirable, the said valves being preferably connected for joint operation,
as described, and being, if desired, acted upon so as to be automatically reversed at
predetermined intervals, the operation being of value in many cases where the treating
liquid used carries foreign matters which inay tend to clog the pores of the balls, cops
or other forms of fibrous materials being treated, or when the material is of such
character that a continuous circulation of the liquid in one direction through the
material will not insure uniform treatment, and in the case of a dyeing operation, will
not result in a uniformn shade throughout the whole batch.
It will be observed that the same liquid may be caused to flow repeatedly through
the treating vessels, and the supply tank or tanks may have a capacity so much
greater than said treating vessels that the chemicals or dyes used can be diluted to
any extent which the proper dyeing of the yarn or other material being treated may
require, it being a well known fact that in order to insure even and uniform dyeing,
it is in many cases necessary to use a large volume of diluted dye stuff, and to
continue the treatment for a proportionately longer time than if the solution was
stronger; and with the appliances heretofore used, this necessitates the dyeing of
comparatively small quantities of material at one operation.
In cases where large quantities of material are to be dyed at one time, and the
size of the supply reservior does not admit of the required dilution of the dye stuff,
I use an additional reservoir or tank which can be of comparatively small capacity
and which contains the dye stuff in a much more concentrated solution than it would
be safe to use. This additional tank is in communication with the main reservoir by
means of a valved pipe, and concentrated dye stuff may be caused to flow from the
tank into the main supply reservoir gradually or as fast as the dye stuff in the
lutter is being exhausted, this graduated supply being effected in the following
manner.
Assuming that the level of liquid in the tank and reservoirs is the same, and the
density of the liquids practically the same, and that the valve in the connecting pipe
is open, any liquor let into the tank from the discharge pipe of the said second
pump barrel through the connecting valved branch will cause a corresponding amount
to flow from the tank into the main supply reservoir and by regulating the outlet
stream through the said valved branch the desired quantity of fresh dye stuff is con-
tinuously admitted to the reservoir, so as to keep the solution therein at normal
strength.
When by the addition of exhausted liquid the concentrated liquor in the tank
becomes weaker, its flow into the main reservoir can be increased by increasing the
flow from the said pump into the tank and when the strength of the liquid in said
tank is no greater than that of the liquor contained in the main reservoir, a supply
equal to the discharging capacity of the small tank can be let into said tank from the
pump

page_text: Other means of conveying the concentrated liquor from the supplementary reservoir
or tank into the main reservoir, such as a pump or ejector, may be used, or it may
be forced in through pressure.
In case it may be desirable to keep the concentrated liquor always at a given
strength, it may still be conveyed into the main reservoir by reason of the inflow-of
liquid into the tank, by allowing the inflowing liquid to run into a receptacle floating
on top of the concentrated liquor, or by means of somné equivalent movable interposed
shield to prevent the dilute liquor at the top from mixing with the concentrated
liquor below.
The plan described of continuously regenerating the supply of dyeing liquor is
simple and efficient, and by its use large quantities of material can be properly
dyed with a comparatively small amount of water, and with the use of but little
steam for heating.
It is desirable that an agitator should be placed in the said main supply reservoir
so that the concentrated liquor entering the same may be properly stirred and
distributed through the volume of dilute liquor therein.
The heating of the liquid is effected in the supply reservoir by means of a coil for
instance, so that no part of the dyeing vessel is taken up with heating pipes, and
what is of more importance, there is no variation in temperature of liquid in different
parts of the dyeing vessel, so that irregular dyeing due to such difference in tem-
perature is effectually obviated.
In front of the outlet pipe of the supply reservoir is placed a filter of suitable
height and width, made from fine wire cloth or other suitable material, so as to filter
the dye liquor automatically, and prevent undissolved dye stuff or foreign substances
from reaching the materials being treated in the said vessels. The use of filtered or
distilled water in the dyeing solutions is also preferable in order to insure the best
results.
Each of the treating vessels is provided with a series of sampling or testing tubes
wherein small quantities of the material to be treated are introduced. These sampling
tubes are connected to the liquid receiving and discharge chambers of the vessel and
can be shut off from either by manipulating cocks with which the connections are
provided. These testing tubes are, in fact, small dyeing vessels in themselves, and
are so connected to the main vessels that the circulation of liquid through said
sampling tubes and through the material contained therein will be the same as in the
main vessels.
The sampling tubes are of value in conducting either the operation of scouring,
bleaching, or dyeing, for as the operation progresses, and the operator wishes to see
how near he has obtained the desired result, he closes the valves or cocks in the
connections of one of the sampling tubes and removes the material therein contained
for comparison with his standard sample. If the result is not satisfactory he
continues the operation a while longer, when he takes the material out of the second
sampling tube, and so on, no portion of the material in the main vessel being disturbed
for sampling purposes, and there being no interruption of the operation upon said
material.
It is preferable in many cases, in order to facilitate the flow of the liquid into and
through the treating vessels and the material being treated, especially in starting the
operation, that the exhaust mains shall discharge into a chamber hereinbefore referred
to, (which acts as a vacuum chamber in some parts of the operation) and is in com-
munication with a vacuum or air chamber placed at some higher point, said latter
chamber or both such chambers, if desired, being provided with a suitable vacuum
gauge.
In a complete dye-house plant arranged in accordance with my invention, I prefer
to mount above the frame containing the treating vessels, a series of reservoirs,
containing the various liquids used in the different operations, for instance, one vessel
may contain the dyeing solution, the next vessel may contain a mordanting solution,
the next vessel a washing liquid, the next vessel a bleaching liquid, and the next
vessel a scouring liquid, smaller tanks containing, respectively, the concentrated dye

page_text: and the concentrated mordant, the various reservoirs being connected with a common
pipe by means of valved branches so that any one of the reservoirs may be placed in
communication with the aforesaid supply mains suitably valved branches permitting.
the return of the liquid to its proper reservoir from the discharge pipe of the said
second pump after the liquid has been passed through the material being treated. These
reservoirs or vessels should have outlets whereby they may be drained when the liquids
therein contained are of no further value, and the discharge pipe of the pump should
have a valved outlet through which to discharge the liquid when it is not to be
returned to the reservoir. The reservoirs in this arrangement being mounted above
the dyeing vessels, are out of the way, and do not occupy what is, in many cases,
valuable floor space.
It will he evident that means in accordance with my invention may be used for
drying yarns or other material after being scoured, bleached or dyed, dry, warm or
hot air taking the place of the liquids.
When the apparatus is to be used for drying, the series of treating vessels are
preferably contained in one compartment of a structure, another compartment of
which contains heating coils and cooling coils and the upper portion of such compart-
ment being in communication with the inlet of one of the said pump barrels through
a valved branch, while the lower portion of the compartment is in communication
with the discharge pipe of the other of the said pump barrels, through another valved
branch. Heated air is drawn into the first pump and directed by the same to the
treating vessels and after being drawn or forced through the material therein and
loaded with moisture, being discharged by the said pump into the lower part of the
said compartment with which it communicates, where it is deprived of its moisture by
the cooling coils, by which said moisture is condensed and falls into the bottom of
the compartment, the dried air ascending to be again heated by the heating coils
prior to a repetition of the operation.
The operation of the apparatus in the treatment of easily penetrated materials
with liquors at medium temperature in open vessels, is as follows:
After the vessels are filled with material and the connections made, the pump is
put in motion, the valve, 1, in the pipe leading from the main reservoir to the pump,
the valve, 2, in the discharge pipe leading from the pump barrel and the valve, 3,
in the connecting pipe leading from the inlet of the second pump barrel to the afore-
said vacuum or air chamber being open, and the valve, 4, in the pipe leading from
the second pump barrel to the supply tank and reservoir and the valves, 5, and, 6,
in the inlet and outlet pipes of the said chamber in connection with the said vacuum
chamber being closed. A vacuum, or partial vacuum is thus formed in the said
chambers during the time that the liquid from the first pump barrel is filling the
treating vessels. When the supply chambers of said vessels are full, the valves
(2 and 3) are closed, and the valves (4, 5, and, (,) opened, the lower or discharge
chambers of the vessels being thereby put into communication with the said vacuuin
chambers.
Owing to the partial vacuum existing in these chambers, the air in the discharge
mains, and in the discharge chambers of the treating vessels is immediately rarified,
as is also that in the material being treated, hence the liquid is forced through the
latter by the action of gravity and the pressure of the atmosphere, driving the
remaining air before it into the vacuum chamber and filling the connected chamber
with liquid. The valve is also opened and continuous circulation established between
the reservoir and the treating vessels through the medium of the pump.
In dyeing in accordance with my invention, the dyes and chemicals used are
preferably diluted to a very much larger degree than in the methods now practiced,
and the liquor containing the dyes and chemicals is circalated again and again
through the material being dyed, thus insuring an even distribution of coloring
matter through the whole of the material being treated, the circulation being
continuous until the liquid is practically exhausted, or the desired shade has been
obtained.
When the dyes or. mordants used are fixed or fastened at a high or boiling

page_text: temperature, the liquids are started when cold or tepid and circulated at such
temperature until they have been frequently passed through the materials being dyed
and have been evenly distributed therein. The temperature of the liquid is then
gradually raised in the supply reservoir, the circulation being kept up continuously.
When the liquid to be circulated attains such a degree of heat that the pump cannot
create sufficient vacuum to draw it through the inaterial being dyed, enough cold
water is circulated in the cooling or condensing pipes or other condensing device
employed, to reduce the outflowing liquor to such temperature that a partial vacuum
may be maintained in the discharge chamber and the liquor is re-heated to the
required degree in returning to, or in the supply tank, before it again comes into
contact with the material being treated.
To the uninitiated this may seem a waste of heat, but the fact that there is no waste
at all, as the lowering of the temperature a very few degrees is generally sufficient,
and the heat abstracted is utilized by the fact that the water used for cooling can
be used for rinsing, or subsequent scouring, bleaching, mordanting or dyeing
operations.
When the materials to be dyed or otherwise treated are placed in closed vessels
such as herein before secondly described, and treated with hot or oxidizable liquids,
the material is placed in the vessel, the latter is properly closed, and a vacuum is
formed therein and in the discharge mains and vacuum chambers before the liquor
is admitted, so that as soon as admitted it forces itself into every part of the material
being treated.
The bleaching or dyeing and sampling of materials in closed vessels is effected in
the same manner as in open vessels, with this difference, that no cooling device is
absolutely necessary when boiling liquids are used.
When easily oxidizable liquids are used and the color applied to the material bas
to be oxidized at intervals and before a fresh layer of color can be put ou, the
operation is made intermittent, and after the liquid has been circulated through
the material for the required length of time, the supply is cut off, and when the
materials are sufficiently drained, air is admitted to the supply chamber of the vessel,
or air is circulated through the inaterial in the vessel in the same manner as liquid
is circulated as herein before described air being admitted to the pipe leading from
the first pump barrel to the treating vessel through the valved branch for effecting
circulation of air in the closed vessels.
In many cases rinsing liquor may be circulated through the material before it is
oxidized, any Icose dye being thereby removed from the material, so as to insure a
cleaner product. The rinsing liquor can be saved and used in making fresh solutions,
or added to old solutions to make up for evaporation, thus effecting a saving of dye-
stuffs.
After the materials are sufficiently oxidized the supply of air is cut off, a vacuum
is again formed, and the operation just described is repeated as often as necessary to
obtain the required shade, the latter being indicated by the material in the sampling
or testing tubes.
For dyeing in this manner, or as it is usually termned, the " dip" system, the
treating vessel may contain a hollow box carrying the receptacles for the yarn the
same being in this case lowered so as to immerse the yarn when the liquor is drawn
through from the outside, and being raised when the yarn is to be oxidized, or
in some cases also when the liquid is being forced through the cops or balls from the
inside to the outside.
In such case, the mechanisin which operates the aforesaid two-way cocks, and
that which raises and lowers the hollow box are preferably connected in such a way
that the drawing of the liquid through the material does not take place before the
whole of said material is immersed in the liquid contained in the treating vessel
and the forcing of the liquid commences before any part of the material being
treated emerges from the liquid, and is continued until it is again entirely submerged
therein.
1
In dyeing with indigo or other oxidizable dyes in this form of vessel, however,

page_text: the liquid should be circulated while the material is submerged, and the circulation
is stopped just before any part of the material emerges from the liquid. When the
whole of it is exposed to the atmosphere, a current of air is circulated through it,
and the discharge pipe of the pump delivers into an extra reservoir, into which the
oxidized liquid carried by the air is collected for re-treatment. The various valves
should in this case be operated automatically in such a way that the discharge pipe
of the pump will deliver into the regular reservoir when the material is entirely
submerged only, and into the extra reservoir when any part of the material is
exposed to the atmosphere, for the mixing of any oxidized dye stuff with the
unoxidized dye stuff in the main reservoir is to be avoided.
Various forms of receptacles for the yarn or other material to be treated in, may be
briefly described as follows:
One consists of a simple hollow and perforated spindle, upon which the yarn is
wound in cop form, the upper end of this spindle being closed and that portion which
projects below the mass of yarn being likewise imperforate, and being adapted to a
socket in the partition of the vessel, or to a short spindle thereon, as may be preferred,
so that the treating liquor is compelled to pass through the mass of yarn in flowing
either from the outside of the cop to the interior of the spindle or from the inside of
the spindle to the outside of the cop.
Another consists of a substantially similar arrangement intended for larger cops or
balls, the spindle, however, having a supporting flange at the bottom, and a cop or
cover resting upon the top of the ball.
-
Another consists of a cup or pocket of cylindrical form to receive a cylindrical
ball or cop, the pocket having a perforated botton, which receives the lower end
of the central hollow perforated spindle for the ball or cop, the latter being closed
at the top but open at the bottom, and the ball or cop making a close joint with the
walls of the pocket at top and bottom, but these walls being recessed between the
contact points, so as to permit free access of the liquor to the surface of the ball or
cop throughout the entire extent of such recessed portion. In this case, the treating
liquor moving in one direction passes vertically down through the ball or cop, and
also radially into the hollow spindle, and in flowing in the other direction passes
vertically up through the ball or cop and out from the hollow spindle.
.
Another consists of a receptacle substantially similar to the hereinbefore lastly
described except that it is in the form of an inverted frustrum of a coue, for
adaptation to a ball or cop correspondingly shaped and having a conical perforated
spindle.
Another consists of a cup having a hollow neck at the lower end, for adaptation to
a socket or spindle in the partition of the treating vessel, and having a perforated
partition some distance above the bottom, this partition having a central conical
recess for the reception of the nose of the cop, which has a central perforated spindle,
the flanged base of which rests upon and closes the top of the cup, so that in flowing
in one direction the liquid enters the hollow spindle and passes therefrom through
the cop into the cup, the liquid passing from the cup through the cop and into the
hollow spindle in flowing in the opposite direction.
Another consists of a cylindrical cup or bowl having a perforated supporting
partition substantially similar to that of the receptacle hereinbefore lastly described,
the cop or ball in this case, however, being shaped to conform to the shape of the
receptacle, and fitting snugly thereto at top and bottom, the cup having recessed
walls between the contact points, and the base of the hollow spindle carrying the cop
or ball being perforated to permit the flow of the treating liquid through the
same.
Another consists of a receptacle of the same general character as that described
in the second preceding paragraph but having an external perforated cage for
receiving and externally confining the cop or ball which is being treated.
Another consists of a cylindrical receptacle having a like external supporting and
confining cage for the yarn ball, the perforated spindle of the latter, however,
being open at the top, and the receptacle itself being also open at the top, so as to

page_text: permit free access of the treating liquid to all parts of the ball of yarn contained in
the receptacle.
Another consists of a receptacle communicating at the bottom with one compart-
ment of a double chamber the other compartment of which has a projecting
neck supporting and communicating with the interior of the hollow perforated
conical spindle carrying the cop.
1
If the inward and downward flow of liquid through the cop is to be merely by
induction, a simple retaining bar or cap at the top of the receptacle may be used to
retain the cop vertically in place when there is a forced flow of liquid upward and
outward through the cop when the current is reversed, and it will be understood that
a retaining device of this character is provided in all cases where there is a forced
upward flow of the liquid through the cop, ball or other form of material contained
in an open-top receptacle. If there is to be a forced flow of liquid in both directions
through the ball or cop, however, the receptacle should be closed at the top by a close
fitting cover, so as to permit of the maintenance of the liquid under pressure in the
receptacle.
Another consists of a receptacle of the same general character as that hereinbefore
lastly described, but having an internal perforated cage for receiving the ball of
yarn, or other material and a fluted bobbin or skewer carrying the yarn ball.
Another consists of a receptacle of the same general character as that herein before
lastly described but oblong in shape, for the reception of skeins or hanks of yarn,
the latter being applied to an oblong perforated core having a supporting flange at
the base and enclosed at the top, the receptacle having a cap which vertically
confines the skeins or banks. This form of receptacle and core may likewise be
adopted in open-topped receptacles, such as that described in the fourth preceding
paragraph.
Although I prefer in carrying out my invention to use a duplex pump as herein-
before described, the invention may be embodied in apparatus having but a single.
circulating pump, for instance, I may use a pump the inlet pipe of which com-
municates, through a two-way cock, with two branches, one communicating with the
upper closed chamber and the other with the lower closed chamber of the treating
vessel, the discharge pipe of the pump communicating with the elevated reservoir,
and the discharge pipe of the latter communicating, through a two-way valve, with
branches communicating respectively with the said chambers of the treating vessel.
In such case, when the said valves are in one position the liquid from the elevated
reservoir will flow into the said upper chamber and after passing through the
material contained therein, through the receptacles carrying said material, into the
said lower chamber, is drawn therefrom by the pump and returned to the reservoir.
When the valves are reversed, however, the liquid from the reservoir flows into the
said lower chamber and passes upward through the receptacles and the material
carried thereby, into the said upper chamber and is thence withdrawn by the pump
and returned to the reservoir. This provides for a flow by induction in both
directions, but where it is desired to have a forced flow in both directions, the pump
may discharge through the two-way valve into the two branches firstly mentioned,
the pump receiving its supply directly from the reservoir, and the liquid being forced
directly from either chamber of the treating vessel back into the reservoir.
In a still simpler plan of carrying out my invention as adapted to an open treating
vessel, the upper chamber thereof receives the treating liquid from the elevated
reservoir through a pipe the liquid after passing through the material and into the
lower chamber being withdrawn therefrom by the pump through another pipe and
returned to the reservoir through a third pipe, or if it is desired to have a continuous
circulation of the same liquid through the vessel after the same has once been filled,
the said return pipe may have a valved branch communicating with the upper chamber
of the treating vessel, and if it is desired to reverse the flow through the treating
vessel, said return pipe may have another valved branch communicating with the
lower chamber of the vessel, while the said second pipe has a valved branch com-
municating with the upper chamber.

page_text: It is evident that in a mechanical dyeing, scouring or bleaching apparatus, such as
I have described, the quantity of material that can be treated at one time is only
limited by the size of the receptacles to hold it, and every part of the material being
treated comes in contact with liquid of the same character, at the same time, at the
same temperature, and for the same period of time, and thus I obtain uniform results
through the whole batch of material, any part of the batch natching any other part
of the same batch, it being assumed, of course, that the original quality, grade and
nature of the batch of material being treated was uniform.
Safety valves may be applied to such of the pipes of the apparatus as it is desired
to protect from undue pressure, and pressure and vacuum gauges or compound
gauges indicating both pressure and vacuum, may be applied to the supply and
discharge chambers of the treating vessels, so that the conditions of working of the
apparatus may be readily observed by the attendant, and any defect in its proper
working readily detected and remedied.
Dated this 25th day of Jane 1889.
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Dyeing, Scouring, or like Treatment of Yarn
or other Fibrous Materials, and in Apparatus therefor.
I, EMILE MAERTENS of Narragansett Hotel, corner of Dorrance and Weyhossett
Streets, in the City of Providence, State of Rhode Island, United States of America,
Woolen Goods Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The object of my invention is to provide apparatus whereby yarn in the form of
cops, spools, bobbins, skeins, hanks combed tops, cardings, etc., or raw material, or
even some forms of cloth may be dyed, bleached, scoured, or dried, the characteristic
features of the apparatus being its comparatively simple character and large capacity,
considering the space occupied, the facility with which either large or small quantities
of material may be treated without any waste of dye stuff, the readiness with which,
without interrupting the operation, samples of the material may be obtained at any
time, for the purpose of matching shades, the thoroughness and uniformity of the
treatment, the facilities for using liquids of any desired degree of density or dilution,
and either cold, warm or boiling, the possibility of using at will without re-handling
of the material, either dyeing, mordanting, scouring bleaching or other liquids, either
oxidizable or non-oxidizable, and the readiness with which a circulation of either cold
or warın air may be substituted for the circulation of liquid for oxidizing or dyeing
purposes.
In the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1. is a longitudinal section, partly in elevation, of dyeing apparatus embodying
my invention;
Fig. 2, is a transverse section mainly of the treating vessels of the apparatus;
Fig. 3, is a diagram on a reduced scale illustrating the construction of the apparatus
when used for drying as well as dyeing, scouring etc.;
Figs. 4, to, 15, are sectional views, on an enlarged scale, of the different forms of
respectacles for the material to be treated, which are shown in Figs. 1, and 2; and
Figs. 16, and, 17, are diagrams showing apparatus in accordance with my inven-
tion reduced to the simplest form, and with but one treating vessel.
My invention relates more particularly to that class of scouring, bleaching or
dyeing apparatus in which textile fibres are treated in the form of yarn wound
into cops or balls, or on spools or bobbins, although, as before stated, skeined or
chained yarns, combed tops, cardings and even raw material, and certain cloths
can likewise be treated by adapting the form, shape and size of the receptacle

page_text: holding the materials to be treated to the particular form, shape and bulk of such
materials.
The invention further relates to that class of apparatus in which the dyeing,
scouring or bleaching liquid is caused to pass through the masses of yarn or other
material to be treated either by gravity or by some suitable form of induction or
forcing apparatus such as a pump or injector.
In carrying out my invention I use a series of treating vessels, A, each con-
taining a number of receptacles, u, for the cops, balls or spools, &, which are, by
preference, loosely wound in cylindrical or conical form on cop-tubes or spindles, a¹,
or which are transferred from the tubes or spindles on which they were originally
wound to said tabes or spindles, a¹, the latter being allowed to remain in the cops
or balls during the scouring, bleaching or dyeing, and subsequent drying operations,
and also serving not only as a means for supporting the balls or cops during the
treatment, but also while they are being unwound in the subsequent operations of
spooling, quilling or warping.
The spindles, a¹, are in most cases perforated or when imperforate spindles are
used they are covered by loosely braided or woven tubes or covers. before winding
the yarn thereon so that the liquors can gain access to the innermost layers of varn
in the ball, spool or cop, or, in case the yarn is wound on a cop tube or spindle
from which it is afterwards transferred the braided covers serve to ensure the proper
entrance of the treating spindle after the winding spindle has been withdrawn and
prevents said treating spindle from catching on the strands of yarn while it is being
so introduced.
This provides for the use by the spinner of the ordinary paper cop tubes, or the
ordinary spindles or bobbins on which the yarn is sent to and returned from the dyer
the treating spindles forming part of the dyer's plant so that the spinner does not
have to make any material change in his present practice nor is he put to the expense
of special spindles or bobbins.
In some cases spindles can be dispensed with altogether or channelled spindles or
skewers may be used, as will be described hereinafter.
In Fig. 1. of the drawings the top vessel of the series is one adapted for a flow
of liquid in one direction by gravity or induction, provision being also made for
reversing the direction of flow. This vessel is divided by a longitudinal partition
above which is a chamber, b, which receives the dyeing or other liquid from a supply
main, B, the vessel being provided at its opposite end with an overflow pipe, c,
communicating with an overflow main, C. so that the uniform level of liquid is
maintained in said vessel, A, or, a float valve on the inlet pipe may be used, if
desired, or both devices may sometimes be employed. The chamber, b, also com-
inunicates with an exhaust main, D, the communications with both supply and
exhaust mains being provided with suitable valves.
Beneath the partition of the vessel, A, is a chamber & which communicates
through suitably valved connections with a supply main, B, and an exhaust main, D¹,
and and the bottoms of the receptacles for the cops, balls or other forms of yarn to
be treated are perforated or made in open skeleton form, so that while serving
properly to support the material they will permit a free flow of liquor through the
same from the chamber, b, to the chamber, d, or vice-versa..
When the receptacles for the yarn are in the form of pockets, as shown, these
pockets are so shaped in respect to the shape of the balls or cops, or the latter are
so shaped in respect to the pockets, that a sufficient portion of their outside surface
will make, with the sides of the pockets, a joint, offering as much resistance to the
flow of the liquid towards the outlet of the pocket as the body of the ball or cop so as
to prevent channelling along the sides of the ball or cop and ensure a uniform flow
through the latter, thus compelling the whole of the liquor to pass through or
come in contact with the material being treated before reaching the discharge
chamber.
The sides of the pockets inay be so formed as to bear upon the ball or cop from top
to bottom, but they are preferably recessed, as shown in Figs. 6 and 7, so as to bear

page_text: upon the cop or ball only at top and bottom, thus permitting the liquid to gain free
access to the outside of the cop or ball between the two points of contact.
When cops or balls are wound upon hollow perforated spindles, or yarn wound
upon spools or bobbins with perforated hollow barrels, are being treated, the hollow
spindles or perforated barrels may be screwed or forced into short hollow spindles, or
into hollow sockets in the partition of the vessel, so as to communicate with the
chamber, d, as shown in the top vessel of the series, or in such cases the single
chamber, d, may be replaced by a series of pipes communicating with the supply and
discharge main. In the construction of this style of apparatus means should be
provided for draining the chambers, b, of the vessel into the discharge pipe when the
operation is concluded.
When the materials to be treated are of such a nature as to offer great resistance
to the free flow of liquor through them, or the liquors with which they are to be
treated are of an easily oxidizable nature or are heated to the boiling point, I use a
closed vessel, or series of vessels, from which the air can be exhausted before the
liquor is admitted, and the latter can be forced through the material in either or
both directions, as the nature of the material to be treated may require.
In the construction of such vessels, the pockets or other receptacles for the yarn
are preferably carried by a vessel, A', inside of the main vessel, A, as indicated by
the second vessel of the series that is to say, the one next to the top, the internal
.vessel, A¹, being capable of being introduced or withdrawn from one end of the
vessel, A, and the end of said internal vessel being flanged, and the flange fitting
snugly into or against the outer casing, so as to form a tight joint therewith as shown
in Fig. 2. The inner vessel bas short tubes, which fit snugly into the supply
tubes, b, b, and discharge tubes, c, d, of the outer vessel when the inner vessel has
been fully inserted, so that the liquid can be readily fed into or withdrawn from
said internal vessel, and the head of the vessel should have sampling tubes, such as
described hereinafter, and the vessel should be so constructed that air can be
permitted to enter the vessel to effect the oxidization of the material after the liquor
has been drawn off.
Instead of having a single closed vessel, as just described, I may provide the
treating vessel with a series of closed receptacles, A2, as shown, for instance, in the
third vessel of the series, each of these vessels containing one or more cops, balls, or
other forms of material to be treated, the receptacles being mounted upon a duplex or
double chambered base or carrier, one chamber of the latter, say for instance, the
chamber, b, communicating with the interiors of the various receptacles, and with
the exteriors of the balls or cops contained therein and the other chamber, d, com-
municating with the interiors of said halls or cops through the hollow bobbins,
spindles, skewers, or other supports carrying the same, as shown more clearly
in Figs. 12, 13, 14, and, 15. The outer vessel in this case may be filled with water or
other liquid to serve as a water seal for the receptacles contained therein.
A double chambered vesse! may be constructed as shown in the fourth vessel of
the series so that a series of spindles communicate with one chamber, and alternate
spindles communicate with the other chamber for a purpose set forth hereinafter, and
for the purpose of treating yarn by what is known as the "dip" system, the yarn
receptacles may be carried by a hollow casing, A3, suspended in the vessel, A, so that
it, is free to rise and fall therein, and connected to the pipes, bl, and, d¹, by suitable
flexible pipes, 2, and, d², so as to permit such movement, as shown in the bottom
vessel of the series.
When materials are to be treated in an open vessel with boiling liquor, or liquor
of such temperature as to make a suitable suction impracticable, means are provided
to so cool such liquor or the vapours therefrom after the liquor has passed through
the material that the necessary flow of liquor through the material and through the
pump can be effected. This cooling of the liquor can be effected by means of a cold
water pipe, applied to the discharge mains, D, D₁, as shown in fig. 1, or in some
cases, by cold water coils, f¹, in the chambers, d, as also shown in the said figure, or
by cold water jackets applied to the discharge mains or chamber as preferred.

page_text: In a multiple apparatus, as shown in Fig. 1, the series of vessels are preferably
placed one above another, as many vessels being employed as circumstances may
suggest, each vessel being provided with wheels or rollers, which may run upon
rails, y, supported at proper heights upon posts or standards, h, as shown in fig. 2,
these rails are somewhat longer than (preferably twice as long as) the treating vessels,
so that either of the vessels may be run entirely out from beneath the others of the
series to permit examination or removal of the contents or for filling, re-filling or
emptying.
In order to permit of the ready handling of either of the vessels, the supply and
discharge pipes of the latter are connected to the branches of the supply and exhaust
mains by flexible pipes, 2, having valved and detachable connections, i¹, similar to
those used upon heating or brake pipes of railway trains so that any one of the
vessels can be readily disconnected from the supply and exhaust mains, or as readily
connected thereto.
Like connections are used between the overflow pipes, c, and the overflow mains, C,
and the latter communicates with an overflow tank, C', which is in communication,
through a float valve, c', and discharge pipe, c², with a chamber, J, referred to
hereinafter.
In connection with the treating vessels, I use, by preference, a double circulating
pump, such for instance as shown in Fig. 1, F, being the steam cylinder of the pump,
and G, and, H, the two pump barrels, the pumps being so constructed that they can
be used for pumping either air or liquid.
The inlet pipe, G¹, of the pump, G, communicates with the supply reservoir or
reservoirs containing the dyeing scouring or other liquids to be used, and the discharge
pipe, G, of said pump communicates through a two-way cock, (, with either of the
supply mains, B, B1, which lead to the treating vessels, the inlet pipe, H', of the
pump, H, communicating through a two-way cock, H³, with the discharge mains, D, D',
and the discharge pipe, H2, of said pump communicating with the liquid reservoir
or reservoirs.
When the cocks, G³, and, H³, therefore, are in the position shown in Fig. 1, the
liquid derived from the reservoir is directed to the chamber, , of each treating
vessel and is withdrawn from the chamber, D, of the same prior to being returned to
the reservoir, the liquid in the case of the open vessels being drawn from the outside
to the inside through the material to be treated, by reason of the induction of the
pump, H, or in the case of the closed vessels being forced in the like direction in
addition to or in place of being drawn through the same. By reversing the position
of the valves, however, the chambers, d, become the supply chambers and the
chambers, b, the discharge chambers, and in this case the liquid is, in the case of the
open vessels, forced through the material being treated from the inside to the outside
of the same, and its withdrawal from the same chamber, b, as fast as it accumulates
therein, while in the case of the closed vessels there can be a combined forcing and
induction operation, in the same manner as but in a reverse direction from that before
described in connection with the closed vessels.
This reversal of the direction of the currents may be effected as frequently as
desirable, the valves, G³, and, H³, being preferably connected for joint operation, as
described, and being, if desired, acted upon so as to be automatically reversed at
predetermined intervals, the operation being of value in many cases where the treating
liquid used carries foreign matters which may tend to clog the pores of the balls, cops
or other forms of fibrous material being treated, or where the material is of such
character that a continuous circulation of the liquid in one direction through the
material will not insure uniform treatment, and in the case of a dyeing operation will
not result in a uniform shade throughout the whole batch.
It will be observed that the same liquid may be caused to flow repeatedly through
the treating vessels, and the supply tank or tanks may have a capacity so much greater
than said treating vessels that the chemicals or dyes used can be diluted to any
extent which the proper dyeing of the yarn or other material being treated may
require, it being a well known fact that in order to insure even and uniform dyeing

page_text: it is in many cases necessary to use a large volume of diluted dye stuff, and to
continue the treatment for a proportionately longer time than if the solution were
stronger, and with the appliances heretofore used this necessitates the dyeing of
comparatively small quantities of material at one operation.
In cases where large quantities of material are to be dyed at one time and the size
of the supply reservoir, I', does not admit of the required dilution of the dye-stuff, I
use an additional reservoir, K¹, which can be of comparatively small capacity, and
which contains the dye-stuff in a much more concentrated solution than it would be
safe to use.
This additional reservoir, K¹, is in communication with the main.
reservoir, I¹, by means of a valved pipe, in, and concentrated dye stuff may be caused
to flow from the reservoir, K¹, into the main supply reservoir, I, gradually or as fast
as the dye stuff in the main reservoir is being exhausted this graduated supply being
effected in the following manner:-
Assuming that the level of liquid in both reservoirs is the same and the density of
the liquids practically the same, and that the valve of the connecting pipe, m, is open
and liquor let into the tank, K¹, from a discharge pipe, H2, of the pump, H, through
the valved branch, p', will cause a corresponding amount to flow from the tank, K',
into the main supply reservoir, 1', and by regulating the outlet steam through the
branch, p, the desired quantity of fresh dye stuff is continuously admitted to the
reservoir, I, so as to keep the solution therein at norinal strength.
When, by the addition of exhausted liquid, the concentrated liquor in the tank, Ki,
becomes weaker, its flow into the main reservoir, l', can be increased by increasing
the flow from the pump into the tank, K¹, and when the strength of the liquid in
said tank, K', is no greater than that of the liquor contained in the main reservoir, 11,
a supply equal to the discharging capacity of the small tank, K', can be let into said
tank from the pump.
Other means of conveying the concentrated liquor from the supplementary reservoir
into the main reservoir, such as a pump or ejector, may be used, or it may be forced
in through pressure.
In case it may be desired to keep the concentrated liquor always at a given strength
it may be still conveyed into the main reservoir by reason of the inflow of liquid into
the tank, K¹, by allowing the inflowing liquid to run into a receptacle, &, floating on
top of the concentrated liquor or by means of some equivalent movable interposed
shield to prevent the dilute liquor at the top from mixing with the concentrated
liquor below.
The plan described of continuously regenerating the supply of dyeing liquor is
simple and efficient, and by its use large quantities of material can be properly dyed
with a comparatively small amount of water, and with the use of but little steain
for beating.
It is desirable that an agitator, such for instance as shown at m¹, should be
placed in the reservoir, 1', so that the consentrated liquor entering the same may be
properly stirred and distributed through the volume of dilute liquor therein.
The heating of the liquid is effected in the supply reservoir, I, by means of a
coil, n, for instance, so that no part of such dyeing vessel is taken up with heating
pipes, and what is of more importance, there is no variation in temperature of liquid
in different parts of the dyeing vessel, so that irregular dyeing due to such difference
is effectively avoided.
In front of the outlet pipe of the supply tank, 1', is placed a filter, p, of suitable
height and width made from fine wire cloth or other suitable material so as to filter
the dye liquor automatically and prevent undissolved dye stuff or foreign substances
from reaching the materials being treated in the vessels, A. The use of filtered or
distilled water in the dyeing solutions is also preferable in order to ensure the best
results.
Each of the treating vessels, A, is provided with a series of sampling or testing
tubes, 8, wherein small quantities of material to be treated are introduced. These
sampling tubes are connected to the liquid receiving and discharge chambers of the
vessel, and can be shut off from either by manipulating the cocks, 81, with which the

page_text: connections are provided (see Fig. 2). These testing tubes are in fact sinall dyeing
vessels in themselves and are so connected to the main vessels that the circulation of
liquid through said sampling tubes and through the material contained therein will be
the same as in the main vessels.
The sampling tubes are of value in conducting either the operation of scouring,
bleaching or dyeing, for as the operation progresses, and the operator wishes to see
how near he has obtained the desired result, he closes the valves or cocks in the
connections of one of the sampling tubes and removes the material therein contained
for comparison with his standard sample. If the result is not satisfactory he continues
the operation a while longer, when he takes the material out of the second sampling
tube, and so on, no portion of the material in the main vessel being disturbed for
sampling purposes, and there being no interruption of the operation upon said
material.
It is preferable in many cases, in order to facilitate the flow of liquid into and through
the treating vessels and the material being treated, especially in starting the operation,
that the exhaust mains shall discharge into a chamber, J, (which acts as a vacuum
chamber in some parts of the operation) and is in communication with a vacuum or air
chamber, J', placed at some higher point, said chamber, J¹, if desired, being provided
with a suitable vacuum gange.
In a complete dye-house plant arranged in accordance with my invention, I prefer
to mount above the frame containing the treating vessels, a series of reservoirs, as
shown in Fig. 1, these reservoirs containing the various liquids used in the different
operations, for instance the vessel, I, may contain the dyeing solution; the vessel, I,
containing a mordanting solution, the vessel, 13, a washing liquid, the vessel, I, at
bleaching liquid, and the vessel, I, a scouring liquid, the sinaller vessels, K', and, K²,
containing respectively the concentrated dye and the concentrated mordant, the
various reservoirs being connected by a pipe, G¹, by means of valved branches, p³, so
that any one of the reservoirs may be placed in communication with the main, B, B¹,
suitably valved branches p³, permitting the return of the liquid to its proper reservoir
from the discharge pipe, H2, of the pump, H, after the liquid has been passed through
the material being treated.
The reservoirs should have outlets whereby they may be drained when the liquids
therein contained are of no further value, and the discharge pipe of the
pump should
have a valved outlet, H5, through which to discharge the liquid when it is not to be
returned to the reservoir. The reservoirs in this arrangement being mounted above
the dyeing vessels, are out of the way, and do not occupy, what is, in many cases,
valuable floor space. It will be evident that means in accordance with my invention
may be used for drying yarns and other material after being scoured, bleached or
dyed, dry, warm or hot air taking the place of the liquids.
When the apparatus is to be used for drying, the series of treating vessels are
preferably contained in one compartment, T, of the structure, W, as shown in Fig. 3,
another compartment, T', containing heating coils, V, and cooling coils, V₁, and the
upper portion of said compartment, T₁, being in communication with the inlet of the
pump, G, through a valved branch, Go, while the lower portion of the compartment is
in communication with the discharge pipe of the pump, H, through a valved
branch Ho
Heated air is drawn into the pump, G, and directed by the same to the vessel, A,
and after being drawn or forced through the material therein and loaded with
moisture, being discharged by the pump, H, into the lower part of the compart-
ment, T, where it is deprived of its moisture by the cooling coils, V₁, by which said
moisture is condensed and falls into the bottom of the. compartiment, the dried air
ascending to be again heated by the coils, V, prior to a repetition of the operation.
The operation of the apparatus in the treatment of easily penetrated material, with
liquors at medium temperature in open vessels is as follows:-
After the vessels are filled with material and the connections made, the pump is put
in motion, the valve, 1, in the pipe, G¹, and the valve, 2, in the discharge pipe, Ho,
and the valve, 3, in the connecting pipe leading from the inlet of the pump, H. to the

page_text: chamber, J', being open, and the valve, 4, in the pipe, H2, and the valves, 5, and, 6,
in the inlet and outlet pipes of the chamber, J, being closed. A vacuum, or partial
vacuum is thus formed in the chambers, J, J', during the time that the liquid
from the pump, G, is filling the vessels, A.
When the supply chambers, b, of said vessel are full the valves, 2, and, 3, are closed,
and the valves 4, 5, and, 6, opened, the discharge chambers, d, being thereby put in
communication with the chambers, J, and, J'.
Owing to the partial vacuum existing in these chambers the air in the discharge
mains and in the discharge chambers of the vessels, A, is immediately rarified as is
also that of the material being treated, hence the liquid is forced through the latter by
the action of gravity and the pressure of the atmosphere, driving the remaining air
before it into the chamber, J, and filling the chamber, J, with liquid. The valve, 4,
is also open and continuous circulation established between the reservoir and the
vessels, A, through the medium of the pump.
In dyeing, in accordance with my invention, the dyes and chemicals used are
preferably diluted to a very much larger degree than in the methods now practised,
and the liquor containing the dyes and chemicals is circulated again and again
through the material being dyed thus ensuring an even distribution of colouring
matter through the whole of the material being treated, the circulation being con-
tinuous until the liquid is practically exhausted or the desired shade has been
obtained.
When the dyes or,mordants are fixed at a high or boiling temperature, the liquids
are started when cold or tepid and circulated at such temperature until they have been
frequently passed through the material being dyed and have been evenly distributed
therein.
The temperature of the liquid is then evenly raised in the supply reservoir, the
circulation being kept up continuously. When the liquid to be circulated attains such
a degree of heat that the pump cannot create sufficient vacuum to draw it through the
material being dyed enough cold water is circulated in the cooling or condensing
pipes,, or other condensing device employed to reduce the overflowing liquor to
such a temperature that a partial vacuum may be maintained in the discharge chamber
and the liquor is re-heated to the required degree in returning to or in the supply tank,
before it again comes into contact with the material being treated.
To the uninitiated this may seem a waste of heat, but the fact is that there is no
waste at all, as the lowering of the temperature a very few degrees is generally
sufficient and the heat abstracted is utilized by the fact that the water used for cooling
can be used for rinsing or subsequent scouring, bleaching mordanting or dyeing
operations.
When the materials to be dyed or otherwise treated are placed in closed vessels such
as shown by the second vessel of the series in figs. 1, and, 2, and treated with hot
or oxidizable liquids, the material is placed in the vessel, the latter is properly closed
and a vacuum is formed therein and in the discharge mains of the vacuum chambers
before the liquid is admitted so that as soon as admitted it forces itself into every
part of the material being treated.
The bleaching or dyeing and sampling of materials in closed vessels is effected in
the same manner as in open vessels with this difference that no cooling device is
absolutely necessary when boiling liquids are used.
When easily oxidizable liquids are used and the colour applied to the material has
been oxidized at intervals and before a fresh layer of colour can be put on, the
operation is made intermittent and after the liquid has been circulated through the
material for the required length of time, the supply is cut off and when the materials
are sufficiently drained air is admitted to the supply chamber of the vessel or air is
circulated through the material in the vessel in the same manner as liquid is circulated
in the apparatus shown in Fig. 1, air being admitted to the pipe, G2, through the
valved branch, Ge, for effecting circulation of air in the closed vessels.
In many cases rinsing liquor may be circulated through the material before it is
oxidized, any loose dye being thereby removed from the material so as to ensure a

page_text: cleaner product. The rinsing liquor can be saved and used for making fresh solutions,
or added to old solutions to make up for evaporation, thus effecting a saving of
dye-stuffs.
After the materials are sufficiently oxidized the supply of air is cut off, a vacuum
5 is again formed, and the operation just described is repeated as often as necessary to
obtain the required shade the latter being indicated by the material in the sampling
or testing tubes.
For dyeing in this manner or as it is usually termed, the "dip" system, a vessel
such as shown at the bottom of the series is available in many cases, the hollow
box, A³, carrying the receptacles for the yarn being in this case lowered so as to
immerse the yarn when the liquid is drawn through from the outside.
In such case the mechanism which operates the two-way cocks, and that which
raises and lowers the hollow box, A", are preferably connected in such a way that the
drawing of the liquid through the material does not take place before the whole of
said material is immersed in the liquid contained in the vessel, A, and the foreing of
the liquid commences before any part of the material being treated emerges from the
liquid, and is continued until it is again entirely submerged therein.
In dyeing with indigo or other oxidizable dyes in this form of vessel, however, the
liquid should be circulated while the material is submerged and the circulation is
stopped just before any part of the material emerges from the liquid. When the
whole of it is exposed to the atmosphere, a current of air is circulated through it and
the discharge pipe of the pump delivers into an extra reservoir into which the oxidized
liquid carried by the air is collected for re-treatment. The various valves should be
in this case operated automatically in such a way that the discharge pipe of the pump
will deliver into the regular reservoir when the material is entirely submerged only
and into the extra reservoir when any part of the material is exposed to the atmosphere,
for the mixing of any oxidized dye stuff with the unoxidized dye stuff in the main
reservoir is to be avoided.
The various forms of receptacles for the yarn or other material to be treated shown
in the different treating vessels of Fig. 1, are illustrated more clearly in the enlarged
views from Fig. 4, to, 15, and may be briefly described as follows:-
Fig. 4, shows a simple hollow or perforated spindle upon which the yarn is wound
in cop form, the upper end of this spindle being closed and that portion which projects
below the mass of yarn being likewise imperforate, and being adapted to a socket in
the partition of the vessel, or to a short spindle thereon as may be preferred so that
the treating liquor is compelled to pass through the mass of yarn in following either
from the outside of the cop to the interior of the spindle or from the inside of the
spindle to the outside of the cop.
Fig. 5, shows a substantially similar arrangement intended for larger cops or balls,
the spindle however having a supporting flange at the bottom, and a cap or cover
resting upon the top of the ball.
Fig. 6, shows a cup or pocket of cylindrical form to receive a cylindrical ball or
cop, the pocket having a perforated bottom, which receives the lower end of the
central hollow perforated spindle for the ball or cop, the latter being closed at the top
but open at the bottom and the ball or cop making a close joint with the walls of the
pocket at the top and bottom, but these walls being recessed between the contact
points so as to permit free access of the liquor to the surface of the ball or cop
throughout the entire extent of such recessed portion.
In this case the treating liquor moving in one direction passes vertically down
through the ball or cop and also radially into the hollow spindle, and in flowing in
the other direction passes vertically up through the ball or cop and out from the
hollow spindle.
Fig. 7, shows a receptacle substantially similar to fig. 6, except that it is in the
form of an inverted frustrum of a cone for adaptation to a ball or cop correspondingly
shaped, and having a conical perforated spindle.
Fig. 8, shows a cup having a hollow neck at the lower end for adaptation to a
socket or spindle in the partition of the treating vessel and having a perforated

page_text: partition some distance above the bottom, this partition having a central conical recess
for the reception of the nose of the cop, which has a central perforated spindle the
flanged base of which rests upon and closes the top of the cup, so that in flowing in
one direction the liquid enters the hollow spindle and passes therefrom through the
cop into the cup, the liquid passing from the cup through the cop and into the
hollow spindle in flowing in the opposite direction.
Fig. 9, represents a cylindrical cup or bowl having a perforated supporting
partition substantially similar to that of the receptacle, Fig. 8, the cop or ball in this
case, however, being shaped to conform to the shape of the receptacle, and fitting
snugly thereto at the top and bottom, the cup having recessed walls between the
contact points, and the base of the hollow spindle carrying the cop or ball being
perforated to permit the flow of the treating liquid through the same.
Fig. 10, is a receptacle of the same general character as that shown in fig. 8, but
having an external perforated cage for receiving and externally confining the cop or
ball which is being treated.
Fig. 11, shows a cylindrical receptacle having a like external supporting and
confining cage for the yarn ball, the perforated spindle of the latter, however, being
open at the top, and the receptacle itself being also open at the top so as to permit
free access of the treating liquid to all parts of the ball of yarn contained in the
receptacle.
Fig. 12, shows a receptacle communicating at the bottom with one compartment of
a double chamber, the other compartment of which has a projecting neck supporting
and communicating with the interior of the hollow perforated conical spindle carrying
the cop.
If the inward and downward flow of liquid through the cop is to be merely by
induction a simple retaining bar or cap at the top of the receptacle may be used to
retain the cop vertically in place when there is a forced flow of liquid upward and
outward through the cop when the current is reversed, and it will be understood that
a retaining device of this character is provided in all cases where there is a forced
upward flow of the liquid through the cop, ball, or other form of material contained in
an open top receptacle. If there is to be a forced flow of liquid in both directions
through the cop or ball, however, the receptacle should be closed at the top by a close
litting cover, so as to permit of the maintenance of the liquid under pressure in the
receptacle.
Fig. 13, shows a receptacle of the same general character as that shown in fig. 12,
but having an internal perforated cage for receiving the ball of yarn or other material
and a fluted bobbin or skewer carrying the yarn ball, an enlarged section of this fluted
or channelled bobbin or skewer being shown in fig. 13.
Figs. 14 and 15 show a receptacle of the same general character as that shown in
Fig. 13, but oblong in shape, for the reception of the skeins or hanks of yaru, the
latter being applied to an oblong perforated core having a supporting Hange at the
base and enclosed at the top, the receptacle having a cap which vertically coufines
the skeins or hauks. This form of receptacle and core may likewise be adopted in
open-topped receptacles, such as shown in fig. 11.
The object of constructing the treating vessel in the manner shown in the fourth
vessel of the series, (Figs. 1 and 2) is to permit the flow of the treating liquor inward
through some of the cops, balls or other forms of material being treated, while the
liquor is being caused to flow outward through the others, this method of treatment
being preferable in some cases.
Although I prefer in carrying out my invention to use the duplex pump shown in
Fig. 1, the invention may be embodied in apparatus having but a single circulating
pump, for instance in the diagram Fig. 16, I have shown a pump the inlet pipe of which
communicates, through a two-way cock, with two branches, D, D' one communicating
with the closed chamber, b, of a treating vessel, A, the discharge pipe of the pump
communicating with the elevated reservoir, I, and the discharge pipe of the latter
communicating through a two-way valve, with branches, B, B₁, communicating
respectively, with the chambers, b, and d, of the treating vessel.

page_text: When the valves are in the position shown in the drawing, therefore, the liquid
from the elevated reservoir flows into the chamber, b, and after passing through the
material contained therein, through the receptacles carrying said material, into the
chamber, d, is drawn therefrom by the pump and returned to the reservoir.
When the valves are reversed, however, the liquid from the reservoir flows into the
chamber, d, and passes upward through the receptacles and the material carried
thereby into the chamber, 6, and is thence withdrawn by the pump and returned to the
reservoir. This provides for a flow by induction in both directions, but where it is
desired to have a forced flow in both directions the pump may discharge through the
two way, valve into the branches, D, or, D', the pump receiving its supply directly from
the reservoir, and the liquid being forced directly from either chamber of the treating
vessel back into the reservoir.
A still simpler plan of carrying out my invention is that shown in fig. 17. which
represents an open treating vessel, the chamber, b, of which receives the treating.
liquid from the elevated reservoir through the pipe, x, the liquid after passing through
the material and into the chamber, , heing withdrawn therefrom by the pump:
through the pipe, H¹, and returned to the reservoir by the pipe, He, or if it be desired
to have a continuous circulation of the same liquid through the vessel after the same
has once been filled, the return pipe, He, may have a valved branch, w,. communi-
cating with the chamber, b, of the treating vessel, and if it is desired to reverse the
flow through the treating vessel, said return pipe may have another valved branch, w², .
communicating with the chamber, d, of the vessel, while the pipe H has a valved
branch, 2, communicating with the chamber, b, as shown in Fig. 17.
It is evident that in a mechanical dyeing, scouring or bleaching apparatus such as
I have described the quantity of material that can be treated at one time is only
limited by the size of the receptacles to hold it, and every part of the material being
treated comes in contact with liquid of the same character, at the same time, at the
same temperature; and for the same period of time, and thus I obtain uniform results
through the whole batch of material, any part of the batch matching with any other
part of the same batch, it being assumed, of course, that the original quality, grade
and nature of the batch being treated was uniform.
Safety valves may be applied to such of the pipes of the apparatus as it is desired
to protect from undue pressure the pressure and vacuum gauges or compound gauges
indicating both vacuum and pressure may be applied to the supply and discharge
chambers of the treating vessels so that the conditions of working of the apparatus may be
readily observed by the attendant and any defect in its proper working readily detected
and remedied.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and the manner in which the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.
1. The mode herein described of effecting the dyeing, scouring or like treatment of
yarn in the form of balls or cops, said mode consisting in packing the yarn in pockets
or receptacles; so as to form a close joint with the sides of said receptacles, and then
causing the dyeing or scouring liquor to pass through-the cop or ball thus tightly
packed in the receptacle, substantially as specified.
yarn
2. The mode described of effecting the dyeing, scouring or. like treatment of
or like fibrous inaterial, said mode consisting in preparing an extremely dilute treating
solution, storing the same in a vessel independent of that in which the yarn or other
material is treated, and causing a repeated circulation of said dilute liquid through
the yarn or other material until the desired dyeing, scouring or other treatment of the
same has been effected substantially as specified.
3. The mode herein described of effecting the dyeing, scouring or like treatment
of yarn or other fibrous material, said mode consisting in causing a circulation of
dilute treating liquor through the material, and injecting fresh supplies of concentrated
liquid into the dilute liquid during the operation, so as to maintain the same at uniform
strength, substantially as specified.

page_text: 4. The mode described of effecting the dyeing, scouring or the like treatment of
yaru or other fibrous material, said mode consisting in circulating the treating liquor
through the material, and effecting the heating of said liquor in a vessel independent
of that in which the treating of the yarn is effected, substantially as specified.
5. The mode herein described of effecting the sampling of yarn or other fibrous
material during the dyeing, scouring or like treatment of the same, by the circulating
process, said node consisting in effecting a circulation of the treating liquid through.
small quantities of the material in a chamber independent of that in which the main
treatment is effected, whereby samples can be obtained at intervals without disturbing
the material in the inain treating vessel, substantially as specified.
6. The mode described of effecting the dyeing, scouring or like treatment of yarn
or other fibrous material, said node consisting in disposing the material between the
inlet and outlet chambers of a treating vessel, forming a partial vacuum chamber
communicating with the discharge chamber of the treating vessel, filling said vessel
with the treating liquid, then placing the vessel in communication with the exhausted
vacuum chamber, and continuing the flow until the treatment is effected, substantially
as specified.
7. The mode described of effecting the dyeing, scouring or like treatment of yarn
or other fibrous material, said mode consisting in disposing the material between the
inlet and outlet chambers of a treating vessel, forming a partial vacuum in the treating
vessel and in the material contained therein, and then permitting and maintaining a
flow of treating liquid through the vessel and its contained material, substantially as
specified.
8. The mode herein described of effecting the dyeing, scouring or like treatment of
yarn or other fibrous material, said mode consisting in circulating the treating liquid
through the material, starting the operation with the liquid at a low temperature and
gradually increasing the temperature of the liquid during the operation, substantially
as specified.
9. The mode described of effecting the dyeing, scouring or like treatment of yarn
or other fibrous material with heated liquids, said mode consisting in circulating the
heated liquid through the material and after it has passed through the same,
reducing its temperature sufficiently to permit of the maintenance of a partial vacuum
in the discharge chamber, substantially as specified.
10. The mode herein described of effecting the dyeing of yarn and other fibrous
material, said mode consisting in circulating the dyeing liquor through the material
in a closed vessel, then cutting off the flow of liquor and substituting therefor a flow of
air and repeating the operations substantially as specified.
11. The mode herein described of effecting the dyeing of yarn and other fibrous
material, said mode consisting in causing a circulation of heated air through the
material to be dried, passing the heated air, after it has passed through the material
into contact with a cooling device, whereby the moisture in the air is condensed, and
then re-heating the air prior to its further circulation through the material, substan-
tially as specified.
12. The mode herein described of effecting the dyeing, scouring or like treatment
of yarn or other fibrous material, and the subsequent drying of the same by a
continuous process, said mode consisting in first causing a circulation of treating
liquid through the material, then substituting for the flow of said treating liquid a
flow of heated air, passing the heated air after it has passed through the material, into
contact with a cooling device, whereby the moisture in the air is condensed, and then
reheating the air prior to its further circulation through the material, substantially
as specified.
13. The mode herein described of effecting the dyeing, scouring or like treatment
of yarn and other fibrous material, said mode consisting in first causing a flow.of
treating fluid through the material by induction and then forcing the fluid through
the material in a reverse direction, substantially as specified.
14. The mode herein described of effecting the dyeing, scouring or like treatment.
of yarn or other fibrous material, said mode consisting in applying pressure...to the

page_text: treating fluid, on one side of the mass of the material to be treated and forming a
partial vacuum on the other side of said mass, whereby. the flow of the fluid due to
the combined efforts of pressure and induction is caused substantially as specified...
15. The combination, in dyeing, scouring or like apparatus, of a vessel having inlet
and outlet chambers, and intervening pockets or receptacles shaped so as to fit snugly
to the form of the article to be dyed and, form a joint therewith, so as to prevent...
the liquid from passing. from the inlet to the outlet chamber except through said.
material, substantially as specified.
16. The combination, in dyeing, scouring, or like apparatus of a vessel. having inlet....
and outlet chambers and intervening pockets or receptacles shaped so as to fit snugly
to the extremities of the cops, balls or other forms of material to be treated, but
recessed, between the contact points, so as to permit free access of the liquid to the,....
surfaces of the balls or cops between said points substantially, as specified.
17. The combination, in dyeing, scouring or like apparatus, of a vessel. having inlet
and outlet chambers and intervening pockets or receptacles shaped to form,an external...
retainer for the ball, cop or other form of material to be treated, and internal per-
forated or channelled spindles or skewers providing a passage for the liquid to or from,.
the centre of the ball or cop, substantially as specified.
18. The combination; in dyeing, scouring or like apparatus, of a series of supported
treating vessels, each having an inlet and ontlet chamber, and intervening pockets...
or receptacles, for the material to be treated, a supply, main communicating, with the...
inlet chamber of each of said series of vessels, and a discharge main.communicating:
with the outlet chambers, thereof, substantially as specified.
19. The combination, in dyeing, scouring or like apparatus,, of a treating vessel
having an inlet and outlet chamber and interposed pockets, or receptacles for the
material to be treated with a series of independent.reservoirs containing the various
liquids to be used in treating the material, and valved connections between saida.
reservoirs and the inlet chamber of the treating vessel, substantially as specified.
.1
20. In combination, in dyeing, scouring or like apparatus, of the treating..vessel..
having inlet and outlet chambers, and interposed pockets or other receptacles for the
material to be treated, a series of independent reservoirs, for containing the various.....
liquids used for treating the material, valved connections between each of said...
reservoirs and the inlet chamber of the treating vessel, and a pump or like exhausting.w
apparatus communicating with the discharge chamber of the vessel and having a
valved communication with each of the supply reservoirs, substantially as specified.
21. The combination, in dyeing, scouring or like apparatus, of a fixed, framework;
having longitudinal, rails, a series of superposed vessels mounted upon said rails and n
free to move thereon, each vessel having a supply and discharge chamber, and, inter-..
posed receptacles for the material to be treated, a supply main having detachable pipe...
connections with the vessels of the series, and a discharge main having like detachable,...
connections with said vessels, substantially as specified.
22. The combination, in dyeing, scouring or like apparatus, of a treating vessel
having inlet and outlet chambers and interposed receptacles for the yarn or other,
material to be treated, with pumping apparatus having inlet with valved branches,r
communicating with both chambers of the treating vessel and outlet having valved
branches also communicating with both chambers of the treating vessel whereby the
flow of liquid through, the material in the vessel can be reversed, substantially as
specified.
:
23. The combination, in dyeing, scouring, or like, apparatus of a treating vessel ..
having two chambers, and interposed receptacles for the material to be treated with
pumping apparatus having inlet or discharge pipe with valved branches communi-
cating with both of said chambers and a liquid reservoir having valved branches,
likewise communicating with both of said chambers, substantially as specified.
24. The combination, in .dyeing, scouring or like apparatus, of a treating vessel;
having two chambers and interposed receptacles for the material to be treated, a
duplex pump.and a liquid, reservoir; the inlet, passage of one pamp, communicating
through valved branches with the two chambers of the treating vessel and its outlet
1.

page_text: passage communicating with the reservoir, while the inlet passage of the other pump
communicates with the reservoir, and its outlet passage communicates through valved
branches with the two chambers of the treating vessel substantially as specified.
25. The combination, in dyeing, scouring or like apparatus of a treating vessel
having two chambers, and interposed receptacles for the material to be treated, with
pumping apparatus having inlet and outlet pipes each having two branches communi-
cating with the two chambers and two way valves located at the junction of the
branches, whereby either the inlet or outlet pipe may be caused to communicate with
either of its branches substantially as specified.
26. The combination, in dyeing, scouring or like apparatus, of a treating vessel
having two chambers, and interposed receptacles for the material to be treated, with
pumping apparatus having inlet and outlet pipes, each having two branches communi-
cating with the two chambers, two-way valves located at the junction of the branches,
and connections between the valves of the inlet and outlet pipe, whereby they are
caused to move in unison, substantially as specified.
27. The combination of a dyeing vessel having inlet and outlet chambers, and
interposed receptacles for the material to be dyed, with a reservoir for the dye liquor,
and valved pipe connections between the inlet chamber of the dyeing vessel and the
reservoir, the capacity of said reservoir being in excess of that of the dyeing vessel,
whereby the dyeing liquor can be used in extremely dilute form and can be circulated
in dilute form through the material to be dyed, substantially as specified.
28. The combination, in dyeing, scouring or like apparatus, of a treating vessel
having inlet and outlet chambers, and interposed receptacles for the yarn or other
material to be treated, with a reservoir containing the treating liquid, a valved pipe
connection between said reservoir and the inlet chamber of the treating vessel, and a
steam coil, or equivalent heating device, whereby the liquor in the reservoir can be
heated before passing to the treating vessel, substantially as specified.
29. The combination, in dyeing, scouring or like apparatus, of a trenting vessel
having inlet and outlet, chambers, and interposed receptacles for the yarn or other
material to be dyed, with two reservoirs, one for dilute liquor and the other for
concentrated liquor, a communication between the dilute liquor reservoir and the
inlet chamber of the treating vessel, and a communication between the two reservoirs,
whereby the concentrated liquor may be caused to enter the reservoir containing the
dilute liquor, and thus maintain the latter at its proper strength, substantially as
specified.
30. The combination, in dyeing, scouring or like apparatus, of a treating vessel
having inlet and outlet chambers, and interposed receptacles for the yarn or other
material to be treated, two communicating reservoirs, one containing concentrated
treating liquor and the other containing dilute liquor, a pipe connection between the
chamber containing the dilute liquor and the inlet chamber of the treating vessel,
and a return pipe communicating with both reservoirs, whereby concentrated liquor
may be caused to flow into the chamber containing the dilute liquor in proportion to
the amount of the return flow entering the reservoir containing said concentrated
liquor, substantially as specified.
31. The combination, in dyeing, scouring or like apparatus, of a treating vessel
having inlet and outlet chambers, and interposed receptacles for the yarn or other
material to be treated, two reservoirs, one containing concentrated treating liquor and
the other containing dilute liquor, a communication between said reservoirs a valved
connection between the reservoir containing the dilute liquor and the inlet chamber
of the treating vessel, a return pipe communicating with both reservoirs, and a float
or equivalent shield interposed between the concentrated liquor in its reservoir and
the liquor admitted to said reservoir from the return pipe, substantially as
specified.
32. The combination, in dyeing, scouring or like apparatus, of a treating vessel
having inlet and outlet chambers, and interposed receptacles for the yarn or other
material to be treated, and testing vessels communicating with the inlet and outlet
chambers-of-the main treating vessel, so that samples can be obtained without

page_text: disturbing the contents of said main vessel or interfering with the flow of liquo
through the same, substantially as specified.
33. The combination, in dyeing, scouring or like apparatus, of a treating vessel
having inlet and outlet chambers, and interposed receptacles for the yarn or other
material to be treated, a reservoir containing the treating liquid, a valved connection
between said reservoir and the inlet chamber of the treating vessel, a pipe and pump
whereby the liquid is returned from the treating vessel to the reservoir, and a
condensing pipe or equivalent device, whereby the temperature of the return current
may be reduced to such a point before it reaches the pump as to permit the ready
pumping of the same, substantially as specified.
34. The combination, in dyeing, scouring or like apparatus, of a treating vessel
having closed inlet and outlet chambers, and interposed receptacles for the yarn or
other material to be treated, a reservoir containing the liquid with which the material
is to be treated, a communication between said reservoir and the closed chamber of
the vessel and a pipe connection and pump, whereby the liquid is returned from the
closed discharge chamber of the vessel to the reservoir, substantially as specified.
.
35. The combination, in dyeing, scouring or like apparatus, of a treating vessel
having closed inlet and outlet chambers, and interposed receptacles for the yarn or
other material to be treated, with pumping apparatus having an inlet and outlet, each
with valved branches communicating with the two closed chambers of the treating
vessel, whereby a forced flow of liquid in either direction through the vessel may be
maintained, substantially as specified.
36. The combination, in dyeing, scouring or like apparatus, of a treating vessel
having closed inlet and outlet chambers, and interposed receptacles for the yarn or
other material to be treated, with pumping apparatus, having inlet or discharge pipe
with valved branches communicating with both chambers of the treating vessel, and
a liquid reservoir having valved branches, likewise communicating with both of said
chambers, whereby liquid derived from the reservoir may be caused to flow under
pressure in either direction through the treating vessel, substantially as specified.
37. The combination, in dyeing apparatus, of a dyeing-vessel, having closed inlet
aud outlet chambers, and interposed receptacles for the yarn or other material to be
dyed, means for circulating the dyeing liquor through said closed chambers, and a
valved opening through which air may be allowed to enter the vessel when the flow
of liquid through the same is cut off, substantially as specified.
38. The combination, in dyeing, scouring or like apparatus, of the treating vessel
having closed inlet and outlet chambers, and interposed receptacles for the yarn or
other material to be treated, a reservoir for the treating liquor, pumping apparatus
for circulating said liquor through the treating vessel, and air inlets and outlets,
whereby the pumping apparatus is caused to circulate air through the vessel when the
flow of liquid is cut off substantially as specified.
39. The combination, in dyeing, scouring or like apparatus, of a treating vessel
having inuer and outer casings forming a close joint, each enclosing a chamber and
the inner casing carrying pockets or receptacles for the yarn or other material to be
treated with a liquid reservoir communicating with one chamber, and an exhausting
device communicating with the outer chamber substantially as specified.
40. The combination, in dyeing, scouring or like apparatus, of a treating vessel
having inlet and outlet chambers, and interposed receptacles for the yarn or other
material to be treated, a reservoir containing the treating material, a communication
between said reservoir and the inlet chamber of the treating vessel, a pump or like
exhausting device whereby the liquid may be returned from the discharge chamber
of the vessel to the reservoir, and a preliminary receiving vessel or chamber in said
return pipe, substantially as specified.
41. The combination, in dyeing, scouring or like apparatus, of the treating vessel
having inlet and outlet chambers, and interposed receptacles for the yarn or other
material to be treated, a reservoir having a communication with the inlet chamber, a
valved pipe and pump, or equivalent exhausting device forming a connection between
the discharge chamber and the reservoir, a receiving vessel or chamber in said pipe

page_text: and a vacuum chamber communicating with said receiving vessel or chamber:
substantially as specified.
42. In apparatus for effecting the drying as well as the dyeing, scouring, or like
treatment of yarn or other material, the combination of the treating vessel having
inlet and outlet chambers, and interposed receptacles for the material to be treated, a
reservoir containing the treating liquor, and having a communication with the inlet
chamber of the treating vessel, a return pipe and pump or like exhausting device,
forming a communication between the discharge chamber of the vessel and the
reservoir, a casing, condensing and heating devices therein, and means for circulating
the air through the treating vessel and in contact with said condensing and heating
devices, substantially as specified.
43. The combination, in dyeing, scouring or like apparatus, of the treating vessel,
a hollow box free to rise and fall therein, and carrying the receptacles for the
material to be treated, two circulating elements, namely, a reservoir containing the
treating liquid, and a return pipe and pump, and communications between the treating
vessel and one of said elements, and between the movable box and the other element,
substantially as specified.
44. The combination, in dyeing, scouring or like apparatus of a vessel having
closed inlet and outlet chambers, a series of duplex treating vessels, each containing
two chambers, one communicating with one chamber and the other with the other
chamber of the carrying vessel, pockets or receptacles interposed between the two
chambers of the treating vessels, and means for supplying treating liquid to or
exhausting it from each of the chambers of the carrying vessel, substantially as
specified.
Dated this 25th day of Anril 1890
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.