IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM FOR PRODUCING TRAVERSE FOR CUTTING FEEDS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING METALS."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Wilson Hulse, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MECHANISM FOR PRODUCING TRAVERSE FOR CUTTING FEEDS IN MACHINERY
FOR CUTTING METALS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Wilson Hulse at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th December 1881.
WILLIAM WILSON HULSE of the City of Manchester in the County of Lancaster
Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM FOR PRODUCING TRAVERSE FOR
CUTTING FEEDS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING METALS."
The chief objects of these improvements are to give greater steadiness to the
cutting operation, and thus enable a greater amount of work to be done in a given
time, to increase the extent and range of the width of "cut" which may be applied
to enable unusually long lengths of work to be operated upon, and to diminish
the wear and tear to which the mechanism of the cutting feed apparatus is generally
subjected.
For application to machinery in which there is a continuous rotation of the work
to be operated upon or of the cutter or cutters, the improvements are as follows:―
To that portion of the machinery (hereinafter called the traversing apparatus)
which requires to be actuated (either wholly or in part) in order to produce the
traverse for cutting feeds suitable toothed wheels and shafts are applied, which
transmit simultaneous rotation to two nuts mounted in the traversing apparatus so
as to have no end motion therein. These two rotating nuts work upon two
respective stationary screws (held firmly at one or both of their ends in fixed
supports) which are parallel with one another and with the axis of rotation of the
cutter or cutters, or of the work, as the case may be, and are disposed in such a
manner that they prevent a twisting movement of, and impart steadiness to the
traversing apparatus.

page_text: Rotary motion in either direction is imparted to the toothed wheels and shafts
which actuate the two rotating nuts, from the main axle or spindle of the machinery
through the intervention of suitable wheels and of a long shaft running parallel
with the two screws. A clutch is provided in connection with the toothed wheels
and shafts upon the traversing apparatus by the use of which the two nuts may be
set into motion or have their motion reversed in direction or suspended, while the
long shaft is running continuously in one direction. The rotation of the two nuts
produces a traverse for cutting feed in a line parallel with the axis of rotation of
the work to be operated upon or of the cutter or cutters as the case may be. In
order to obtain a traverse for cutting feed in a line at right angles to this axis, one
or more sliding parts or slides mounted in suitable guides upon the traversing
apparatus are acted upon by a screw or screws operated from the long shaft. When
it is required to increase the independence of movement of these slides (if two or
more are used) a second long shaft may be employed for operating one or more of
the slides; each slide being connected with one only of the two long shafts. In
some cases a succession of long pinions coupled together concentrically may be used
instead of the long shaft. When the screws are required to be of such length that
each of them cannot be conveniently prepared in a single length, each screw may
be made in two lengths placed end to end, and if necessary coupled together, the
outer end of each length, being firmly held in fixed supports so as to keep the
screws stationary with other movable supports between if necessary. In some
cases the screws instead of being made stationary may be rotated by power applied
to both ends of each screw through suitable gearing carried upon the fixed portion
of the machinery, and driven by the long shaft. In such cases the nuts in which
they work are fixed firmly in the traversing apparatus. When there-is-room-for-
tho purpose, two or more sets of traversing apparatus may be applied. each in
connection with the two screws, and with the long shaft or shafts already described.
In this last case, if stationary screws are employed each set of traversing apparatus
can be moved in either direction or be stopped and restarted independently of, or
simultaneously with, the other set or sets of traversing apparatus. In some cases
one stationary screw may be employed instead of two.
For application to machinery in which the cutting operation is performed by a
reciprocating motion either of the work. to be operated upon or of the cutter or
cutters the improvements (when the cutter or cutters can be withdrawn from the
work during the return stroke) are as follows:-The reciprocating portion of the
machinery, is provided with two adjustable stops, which in the course of their
progress alternately come in contact with a projection upon a sliding rack moving
in suitable guides. The rack thus has a reciprocating end movement imparted to
it and causes a rotation in alternate directions of a pinion, which gears into it. By:
means of suitably arranged mechanism the rotation of the pinion in alternate
directions produces an intermittent rotation in one direction only of a shaft suitably
placed for driving a screw which actuates the traversing apparatus.
The shaft is prevented from rotating in more than one direction by the inter-
position of a ratchet wheel and pawl arrangement in the mechanism which drives
it. The rotary movement is imparted to the shaft in the course of the return
stroke only of the machinery, while during the forward stroke, the relative
mechanism is moved into position for rotating the shaft, during the return stroke.
The shaft drives the screw by means of a sliding pinion which it carries and
which can be set to gear with a pinion fixed upon the screw either directly or else
through a sliding intermediate pinion baving an independent axis; the arrangement
being such that the direction in which the screw rotates (and consequently the
direction in which the traversing apparatus moves) is either backwards or
forwards according as rotation is communicated to the screw either with or without
the intervention of the intermediate pinion. When there is room, two or more
sets of traversing apparatus may be applied, all driven from the shaft already
mentioned through respective screws and respective intermediate pinions. When
the cutter or cutters cannot be withdrawn from the work during the return stroke.

page_text: the improvements are as follows:-A cam which revolves once during each
complete reciprocation of the cutter or cutters or of the work to be operated upon,
as the case may be, operates suitable intermediate mechanism, and causes a pawl
to impart rotation to a ratchet wheel during the whole period (in each complete
reciprocation of the cutter or cutters or of the work as the case may be) that the
cutter or cutters are moving through that portion of their path which is beyond the
longest "cut" for which the machinery is designed. While the cutter or cutters are
moving through the remainder of their path in each complete reciprocation of the
cutter or cutters or of the work as the case may be, the pawl is (by the action of
the cam and of the intermediate mechanism) gradually returned into position for
producing the rotation of the ratchet wheel as already described.
This arrange-
ment serves to give rotation to the ratchet wheel in one direction only. To enable
it to be rotated at will in either direction, it is provided with a second pawl
applied similarly to, but independently of, the one first named and acting upon
the ratchet wheel in an opposite circumferential direction. Only one pawl at a
time is in gear with the ratchet wheel when the machinery is in operation. The
ratchet wheel when in motion actuates the mechanism which works the traversing
apparatus. According to the system commonly adopted a single reversible pawl is
used, instead of two separate pawls as described above and the whole of the to
and fro movement required of the pawl for each complete reciprocation of the
cutter or cutters or of the work as the case may be, has to be performed during
the time which under the present improvements is occupied in performing one half
of the said to and fro movement of the pawl. Hence these improvements double
the extent and range of the width of "cut" which may be applied, and
concurrently a very important saving in the wear and tear of the cam motion is
effected.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Wilson Hulse in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
24th June 1882.
WILLIAM WILSON HULSE of the City of Manchester in the County of Lancaster
Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM FOR PRODUCING TRAVERSE FOR
CUTTING FEEDS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING METALS."
The chief object of these improvements are, to give greater steadiness to the
cutting operation, and thus enable a greater amount of work to be done in a given
time, to increase the extent and range of the width of "cut" which may be
applied, to enable unusually long lengths of work to be operated upon, and to
diminish the wear and tear to which the mechanism of the cutting feed apparatus
is generally subjected.
For application to machinery in which there is a continuous rotation of the
work to be operated upon or of the cutter or cutters the improvements are as
follows: To that portion of the machinery (hereinafter called "traversing
apparatus") which requires to be actuated (either wholly or in part) in order to
produce the traverse for cutting feeds suitable toothed wheels and shafts are
applied, which transmit simultaneous rotation to two nuts, mounted in the traversing
apparatus so as to have no end motion therein―These two rotating_nuts_work
-upon-two-respective stationary screws (held firmly at one or both of their ends in
fixed supports) which are parallel with one another and with the axis of rotation
of the cutter or cutters, or of the work, as the case may be, and are disposed in
such a manner that they prevent a twisting movement of, and impart steadiness
to the traversing apparatus-Rotary motion in either direction is imparted to the
toothed wheels and shafts which actuate the two rotating nuts, from the main
axle or spindle of the machinery through the intervention of a long shaft suitably
driven and running parallel with the two screws. A clutch is sometimes provided
in connection with the toothed wheels and shafts, upon the traversing apparatus,
by the use of which the two nuts may be set into motion or have their motion
reversed in direction or suspended, while the long shaft, is running continuously in
one direction. The rotation of the two nuts produces a traverse for cutting feed
in a line parallel with the axis of rotation of the work to be operated upon or of
the cutter or cutters as the case may be. In order to obtain a traverse for cutting
feed in a line at right angles to this axis one or more sliding parts or slides mounted
in suitable guides upon the traversing apparatus are acted upon by a screw or
screws operated from the long shaft. When it is required to increase the inde-
pendence of movement of these slides (if two or more are used) a second long shaft
may be employed for operating one or more of the slides; each slide being con-
nected with one ouly of the two long shafts. When the screws are required to be
of such length that each of them cannot be conveniently prepared in a single
length, each screw may be made in two lengths placed end to end and if necessary
coupled together, the outer end of each length being firmly held in fixed supports
so as to keep the screws stationary, and other moveable supports being provided
between if necessary. When there is room for the purpose, two or more sets of
traversing apparatus may be applied, each in connection with the two screws, and
with the long shaft or shafts already mentioned. In this last case, each set of
traversing apparatus can be moved in either direction or be stopped and restarted
independently of, or simultaneously with, the other set or sets of traversing
apparatus. In some cases one stationary screw may be employed instead
of two.
For application to machinery in which the cutting operation is performed by a

page_text: reciproenting motion either of the work to be operated upon or of the cutter or
cutters the improvements (when the cutter or cutters can be withdrawn from the
work during the return stroke) are as follows:-The reciprocating portion of the
machinery is provided with two adjustable stops, which in the course of their
progress alternately come in contact with a projection upon a sliding rack moving
in suitable guides. The rack thus has a reciprocating end movement imparted to
it and causes a rotation in alternate directions of a pinion, which gears into it. By
means of suitably arranged mechanism the rotation of the pinion in alternate.
directions produces an intermittent rotation in one direction only of a shaft
suitably placed for driving a screw which actuates the traversing apparatus. The
shaft is prevented from rotating in more than one direction by the interposition of
a ratchet wheel and pawl arrangement in the mechanism which drives it. The
rotary movement is imparted to the shaft in the course of the return stroke only
of the machinery, while during the forward stroke the relative mechanism is
moved into position for rotating the shaft during the return stroke. The shaft
drives the screw by means of a sliding pinion which it carries and which can be
set to gear with a pinion fixed upon the, screw either directly or elso through a.
sliding intermediate pinion having an independent axis; the arrangement being
such that the direction in which the screw rotates (and consequently the direction
in which the traversing apparatus moves) is either backwards or forwards according
as rotation is communicated to the screw either with or without the intervention
of the intermediate pinion. When there is room two or more sets of traversing.
apparatus may be applied, all driven from the shaft already mentioned through
respective screws and respective intermediate pinions.
When the cutter or cutters cannot be withdrawn from the work during the
return stroke the improvements are as follows:-A cam which revolves once during
each complete reciprocation of the cutter or cutters or of the work to be operated
upon as the case may be operates suitable intermediate mechanism, and causes a
pawl to impart rotation to a ratchet wheel during the whole period (in each
complete reciprocation of the cutter or cutters or of the work as the case may be)
that the cutter or cutters are moving through that portion of their path which is
beyond the longest "cut" for which the machinery is designed. While the cutter
or cutters are moving through the remainder of their path in each complete
reciprocation of the cutter or cutters or of the work as the case may be, the pawl
is (by the action of the cam and of the intermediate mechanism) gradually returned
into position for producing the rotation of the ratchet wheel as already described.
This arrangement serves to give rotation to the ratchet wheel in one direction only..
To enable it to be rotated at will in either direction, it is provided with a second
paw applied similarly to, but independently of, the one first named and acting
upon the ratchet wheel in an opposite circumferential direction. Only one pawl at
a time is in gear with the ratchet wheel when the machinery is in operation. The
ratchet wheel when in motion actuates the mechanism which works the traversing
apparatus. According to the system commonly adopted a single reversible pawl is
used, instead of two separate pawls 'as described, above, and the whole of the to
and fro movement required of the pawl for each complete reciprocation of the
cutter or cutters or of the work as the case may be, has to be performed during
the time which under the present improvements is occupied in performing one
half of the said to and fro movement of the pawl. Hence these improvements
double the extent and range of the width of " cut which may be applied, and
concurrently a very important saving in the wear and tear of the cam motion is
effected.
The Drawings on Sheet 1 illustrate turning lathes (constructed according to this
Invention) in which there is a continuous rotation either of the work to be
operated upon or of the cutter or cutters.
Fig. A is a side elevation, partly in section, Fig. B an end elevation partly in
section, and Fig. C a part plan of a lathe in which only one long shaft is used for
driving the rotating nuts; and Fig. D is a transverse section of a modification

page_text: having two long shafts for driving the rotating nuts. In Figs. A, B, C, 1, is the
bed of the lathe; 2 is the fast headstock; 3 is the loose headstock; 4 is the lathe
spindle; 5 is the face plate; 6, 7 are carriages of two sets of traversing apparatus ;
30, 31 are slide rests working in guides in the carriages, 6, 7, there being one pair
of slide rests to each carriage; 8 is the long shaft, it is mounted in bearings in the
bed 1 and is driven from the main spindle 4 by gearing, which is shewn in sido
elevation at the extreme left of Fig. A; 9 is a pinion on the long shaft 8; it is free
to slide on a long key groove made in the long shaft and transmits rotation to
gearing in carriage 6; a similar pinion on the same long shaft transmits rotation to
gearing in carriage 7, and it is to be understood that the whole of the subsequent
description in reference to carriage 6 and its gearing applies equally to carriage 7
and its gearing; 10 is a pinion gearing with pinion 9 and keyed on shaft 11,
which is carried in bearings in carriage 6; on shaft 11 is a mitre wheel 12 which
gears into and drives two mitre wheels 13, 14 both mounted on a cross shaft 15, and
free to revolve thereon, except when in gear with the clutch shown between them; this
clutch is moveable on a key, in shaft 15 and can be thrown in gear with either of
the mitre wheels 13, 14, or held out of gear with either or both of them; the
shaft 15 is rotated in one direction or the other according as the clutch is in gear
with mitre wheel 13 or mitre wheel 14; 18, 18, are two pinions upon two respective
short shafts driven through the respective pairs of mitro wheels 16, 17 by the
shaft 15; the pinions 18, 18, drive respective spur wheels 19, 19, the centres of
which are formed as screw nuts; these two nuts rotate simultaneously upon two
stationary guide screws 20, 20, which are held firmly in bearings 21, 21, at each
end, and the nuts having no end motion in the carriage, their rotation produces a
traverse of the traversing-apparatus-along-the-bed-of-the-lathe, the direction of the
traverse being either one way or the other according as the clutch is in gear with
the mitre wheel 13, or the mitre wheel 14. When the clutch is out of gear with
both mitre wheels there is no movement of the traversing apparatus along the bed.
The position in which the two guide screws 20, 20 are placed causes them to
prevent a twisting movement of, and to impart steadiness to the traversing
apparatus. 22 is a second mitre upon the shaft 11, and by means of mitre 23
shaft 24 and pinion 25 it drives the pinion 26, which in its turn drives the
pinion 27; the pinions 26, 27; are secured respectively upon the screws 28, 29,
which actuate respectively the slide rests 30, 31; in connection with each of the
pinions 26, 27, is a clutch which, when in gear, causes the rotation of the respective
pinion to rotate the screw upon which it is mounted, and when out of gear, leaves
the screw idle.
In order to obtain a traverse of the cutter at right angles to the axis of the lathe,
so as to act simultaneously with the longitudinal traverse, for turning taper work
of different angles, an apparatus is employed as shown applied to carriage 7; in
this apparatus, 32 is a mitre wheel on shaft 15 which drives a mitre wheel 33
keyed on a short shaft carried by an adjustable swinging bracket 46; on this short
shaft is a worm 34 gearing into a worm wheel 35; the worm wheel 35 carries with
it a pinion (not shown), and this drives the pinion 36, which is secured upon the
transverse screw 28; the screw 28 thus receives a rotary motion which imparts the
requisite transverse traverse to the slide rest 31. The swinging bracket 46 is
pivotted concentrically with the axis of shaft 15, and can be adjusted and secured
60 as to admit of the employment of different sizes of worm wheels for the purpose
of producing different angles of taper, by altering the relation between the rate of
the longitudinal traverse and that of the transverse traverse of the cutter.
The
swinging bracket besides been adjustable for the purpose of admitting different
sizes of worm wheels may be adjusted so as to cause the worm to act on either one
side or the other of the worm wheel and thus cause it to rotate in one direction or
the other according to the direction of the taper.
When it is required to increase the independence of movement of the slide rests,
the lathe may be modified as shown in Fig. D:-There are two long shafts 8, 8,
both driven from the main spindle 4, through the mitre wheel 39, upright shaft 40,

page_text: mitro wheels 41, 42, and cross shaft 43, which latter is provided at its ends with
two mitre wheels, which gear into respective mitre wheels keyed upon the
shafts 8, 8. The bed 1 is of a double type as shown in section; the carriages 37, 38
move independently along each side of the bed, and do not extend right across the
bed as do carriages 6 and 7; each carriage has one slide rest only, one carriage is
operated by one of the long shafts, and the other carriage by the other long shaft.
For each carriage the respective long shaft carries a mitre wheel which is free to
slide along a long key groove in the shaft, and gears into a mitre wheel 47; the
mitre wheel 47 transmits motion to shaft 44 by means of gearing as shown,
there being a clutch on the outer end of shaft 44, by means of which the trans-
mission of motion to it can be suspended when required; shaft 44 drives shaft 45
by means of mitre wheels as shewn, and shaft 45 is furnished with a pinion, which
drives the spur wheel 19, the centre of which is formed as a nut, and rotates upon
the guide screw 20 as already described. The transverse screw for actuating the
slide rest of the carriage is driven from shaft 44 by means of pinions, and a clutch
is provided for enabling the transverse screw to be either set in motion or left idle
at will as already described. It will be seen that according to the modification
now under description there is only one guide screw in connection with each set of
traversing apparatus.
According to another modification the bed of the lathe illustrated in, Fig. D, may
be of the ordinary single type, and have only one long shaft and one non-rotating
guide screw. According to another modification the long shaft or shafts instead of
being rotated by gearing as described, may be rocked by means of a crank and
lever arrangement, and this rocking motion be caused to produce intermittent
action of the rotating nut or nuts, and of the transverse screw, or screws, by means
of oscillating levers upon the long shaft or shafts, which work ratchet wheels in
connection with them.
The Drawings on Sheet 2 illustrate a planing machine (constructed according to
this Invention), in which there is a reciprocating motion of the work to be operated
upon, and in which the cutter or cutters can be withdrawn from the work to bo
operated upon during the return stroke. Fig. E is a side elevation, and Fig. F a
front elevation of the machine. 1 is the bed of the machine; 33, 33 are the
uprights mounted upon it; 2 is the table upon which the work to be operated
upon is secured; 3 is the cross slide capable of vertical adjustment by means of
screws and gearing worked by hand or by belt pulleys as shown; 4, 5 are two tool
slides, which are movable along the cross slide 3 by means of respective screws 6, 7,
actuated as hereinafter described; 8, 9 are two stops secured to, and adjustable
along, one edge of the table, 2; 10 is a projection upon a rack 11, which is moved
to and fro in guides 12, 13, by means of the stops 8, 9, which when the table 2 is
in motion alternately press upon either side of the projection 10, the extent of the
movement of the rack being governed by the positions of the stops 8, 9; 14 is a
pinion gearing into the rack 11, by the reciprocations of which, the pinion is turned
alternately backwards and forwards; this pinion is keyed upon one end of a short
horizontal shaft, and upon the other end is a mitre wheel 15, gearing into another
mitre wheel 16, which works upon an upright shaft 20, and is provided with a long
boss on which is secured a ratchet wheel 10; 17 is a disc secured upon the shaft 20;
18 is a pawl mounted upon the disc 17 and gearing into the ratchet wheel 19;
by means of this ratchet and pawl arrangement and of the accessory parts
already described, the reciprocating movements of the table 2 produce an inter-
mittent rotation, in one direction only, of the shaft 20. The intermittent rotation
of this shaft, communicates similar movement to the horizontal shaft 23 (of
which an end view only is shewn), by means of the mitre wheels 21, 22; 24 is
a pinion which is free to slide endwise on a key on the shaft 23, and is driven'
by this shaft; 25 and 26, are pinions keyed respectively on the screws 6
and 7; each of these pinions has two toothed portions with a cylindrical
portion between, as shown. The pinion 24 can be put into gear with one
.

page_text: only of the toothed portions of each or either of the pinions 25, 26 at one
time, and when the pinion 24 is placed fully opposite either of the
cylindrical portions of the pinions 25, 26, it is out of gear with such pinion.
27 is an intermediate pinion which is free to slide endwise for the purpose of being
put in or out of gear with the pinions 24, 25; 28 is a similar pinion for putting in
or out of gear with the pinions 24, 26. When the pinion 27 is in gear with
pinions 24, 25, the pinion 24 is kept out of gear with pinion 25; and when
pinion 24 is in gear with pinion 25, then pinion 27 is kept out of gear with
pinion 24. It will be seen that by this arrangement the pinion 25 may be rotated
in either direction, by the rotation in one direction only of the pinion 24, the
rotation of the pinion 25 actuates the screw 6, and produces a traverse of the tool
slide 4 along the cross slide 3, in one direction or the other, according to the
direction of rotation of the pinion 25. Similarly a traverse of the tool slide 5 in
one direction or the other, may be produced by means of the pinions 24, 26, 28.
The cutters held in the slides 4, 5, operate upon the work while the table 2 is
moving in one direction only; and while moving in this direction the motion
imparted to the rack 11 as already described, (owing to the intervention of the
ratchet and pawl arrangement) produces no rotation of the shaft 23, or of the
pinion which it carries; but while the table is moving in the opposite direction
(during which time the cutting tools are not operating upon the work) the motion
imparted to the rack 11 produces a rotation of the shaft 23, and pinion 24, which
causes a traverse of one or both of the tool slides 4, 5, which is governed in extent
by the distance through which the rack 11 is moved, and in direction by the
relative positions of the pinions through which the screws 6, 7 are actuated. At
the right hand side of the front elevation is shown mechanism_of_a_design_which
is commonly employed for giving automatic feed to the cutters, communicated
through a shaft 29, and for withdrawing the cutters from the work to be operated
upon during the return stroke of the table 2. 30, 31, 32 are the driving pulleys of
the machine, and part of the driving gear in connection therewith (which is of a
well known design) is shown in the Drawings.
According to the usual practice, in a machine of this class, the feed of the cutters
is produced only at or near the end of each return movement of the reciprocating
table, with such suddenness, that only a comparatively small movement can bo
imparted to the screws which actuate the tool holding slides, and as a consequence
only a small range in the extent of the feed applied at each reciprocation of tho
table is obtained. By the present improvements the production of the cutting feed,
along the cross slide, may extend during the whole period of each return movement
of the reciprocating table, or during any lesser period, according to requirement;
and hence these improvements enable any desired range and extent of cutting feed,
along the cross slide, to be obtained without injuring the feed mechanism. It will
be obvious that the cutting feed along the cross slide may be suspended altogether
by a suitable adjustment of the positions of the pushers 8, 9, or by their removal.
The improvements illustrated and described in connection with the planing
machine shown on Sheet 2 are applicable, with slight modifications, to machines in
which the cutters (instead of the work to be operated upon) have a reciprocating
movement, and can be withdrawn from such work during the return stroke.
The Drawings on Sheet 3 illustrate a slotting machine (constructed according to
this Invention) in which there is a reciprocating movement of the cutter, and in
which the cutter is not withdrawn from the work to be operated upon during the
return stroke.
Fig. G is a front elevation, and Fig. H a side elevation of the machine. 1 is the
body of the machine; 2 is a reciprocating bar in which the cutter is secured; 3 is a
connecting rod which is connected at one end to the reciprocating bar, and at the
other end to a crank disc 4, actuated by a cone driving pulley 15 and gearing, as
shown;
5 is a table on which the work to be operated upon is secured, it is
capable of being rotated by means of a worm gearing into teeth formed upon its

page_text: periphery as shown, and it is mounted upon a pair of transverse slides which are
actuated by screws in connection with automatic gearing as shown; the wheels
which actuate the worm shaft and the transverso slide screws respectively, may
be moved in or out of gear as required; 6 is a cam on the same shaft with the
crank disc. 4; 7 is a lever which is actuated by the cam 6, and which in its turn
vibrates the lever 8 by means of an adjustable stud as shown; 9 is a lever on the
same shaft with 8 and vibrates with it; 10 is a connecting rod attached to the
arm of the lever 9; 11 is a pawl operated upon the connecting rod 10,
and driving a ratchet wheel 12 which by means of mechanism as shown,
communicates either rotary or rectilinear feed traverse to the table 5, according to
which may be in gear at the time. The pawl 11, when in gear, drives the ratchet
wheel in one direction only, and in order to drive it in the other direction for
changing that of the feed traverse, another pawl 14 is provided (in connection with
the ratchet wheel) actuated by a connecting rod 13 similar to 10. Only one pawl
at a time is in gear with the ratchet wheel, and in order to prevent the two pawls
from being both in gear at once, they are mounted as shown on respective levers,
carried by an eccentric which is pivotted concentrically with the shaft which
carries the ratchet wheel; stops are provided on the levers to arrest the movement
of each pawl towards the ratchet wheel when it is taken out of gear by moving
the eccentric; and the stroke of the eccentric is great enough to prevent both
pawls from being in gear at one time. The rotation of the ratchet wheel is
produced in the intervals during which the lever 7 is being pressed outwards from
the cam centre, and these intervals coincide with those during which the cutter is
moving through that portion of its path, which is beyond the longest "cut" for
which the machine is designed. While the cutter is moving through the remainder
of its path, the ratchet wheel remains stationary and the actuating pawl is being
gradually returned into position for imparting a new movement to the ratchet
wheel. In the systems commonly employed the whole of the to and fro movement
required of the actuating pawl for each complete reciprocation of the cutter, has to
be performed during the time, which, according to the present Invention, is
occupied in moving the pawl in the direction for actuating the ratchet wheel;
half the time being occupied in moving the pawl in one direction, and half in
moving it in the other direction. Hence according to the present improvements
the extent of the width of "cut" may be doubled as compared with what is
practicable under the systems commonly employed; and as the lever adjustments
enable the width of "cut" to be adjusted to any degree of fineness, it follows that
the range of the width of "cut is also doubled by these improvements.
"
Having described my Invention, and shown how it may be carried into practice,
I wish it to be understood that what I claim as novel is-
1st. In a lathe, the use of one or more non-rotating guide screws in combination
with one or more rotating nuts substantially as shewn and described.
2nd. In a lathe, the use of mechanism, for turning taper work of different angles,
substantially as shown and described.
3rd. The general arrangement of lathe, substantially as set forth by Figs. A, B, C,
by the accompanying description.
4th. The general arrangement of lathe, substantially as set forth by Fig. D, and
and by the accompanying description.
5th. In a planing machine as illustrated in Figs. E, F, and in other machines in
which there is a reciprocation of the work to be operated upon, or of the cutter or
cutters, the use of a reciprocating rack in combination with mechanism for
imparting traversing feeds, substantially as shewn and described.
6th. The general arrangement of planing machine substantially as set forth by
Figs. E, F, and by the accompanying description.
7th. The general arrangement of slotting machine substantially as set forth by
Figs. G, H, and by the accompanying description.
8th. In a slotting machine, the use of a ratchet wheel rotated in one direction or

page_text: the other by two pawls, actuated by a cam and intermediate mechanism,
substantially as set forth, and for the purposes specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Wilson Hulse, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty third day of June, in the year of our
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
Witness:-
HY. C. CARVER,
Patent Agent
38 & 40 Lloyd Street,
Manchester.
WILLIAM W. HULSE. (L.S.)