A METHOD OF STENING COTTON, FLAX, AND WOOL
Year: 1807

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
LEIGH BRADBURY, of Navan, in the County of Meath, in that part of the
United Kingdom of Great Britain called Ireland, Cotton Spinner, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His present Majesty King George the Third, in and by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-fourth day of December last, for Himself, His heirs and
successors, did give and grant unto me, the said John Leigh Bradbury, His
especial licence, full power, sole priviledge and authority, that I, the said John
Leigh Bradbury, my exors, admors, and assigns, and every of them, by
myself and themselves, or by my and their deputy or deputies, servants or
agents, or such others as I, the said John Leigh Bradbury, my exors, adñiors,
or assigns, should at any time agree with and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention for "A METHOD OF STENING
COTTON, FLAX, AND WOOL;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a
proviso obliging me, the said John Leigh Bradbury, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
and to cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within one calendar month next and immediately after the date of the said

page_text: recited Letters Patent, as in and by the samo, reference being thereto had
will more fully appear.
NOW KNOW YE that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said John
Leigh Bradbury, do hereby describe and ascertain the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by the Plan or
Drawing in the margin of these Presents, and the following description
thereof (that is to say) :-
The fly A in the annexed Figure turns upon the spindle B, with its arms
pointing upwards. The bottom of the spindle rests upon and turns in the
step C, fixed in the rail D, and passes through the collar in the rail E, which
supports the fly resting on the washer F. The upper part of the spindle is
smaller in diameter the length of the bobbin G, so as to leave a shoulder for it
to rest on. His a wharve or pulley fixed on the spindle, and I is another
wharve fixed on the socket of the fly. The fly A turned by the wharve I from
the drum K, twists the thread as delivered from the rollers of the machine,
and by means of the thread turns the bobbin G. The draught or winding
up of the thread on the bobbin arises from the friction of the inside of
the bobbin against the small part of the spindle, and from the bottom
of the bobbin against the shoulder of the spindle or washer M fixed
thereon. This draught is regulated by the spindle which is turned by the
wharve H from the drum L, in the same direction as the fly in a contrary
direction, or remain stationary, as the quality of the thread requires. The
Figure is represented in a perpendicular position, as being preferable to an
horizontal or oblique one. The traverse is obtained by the rising and falling
of the rail supporting the fly or the one supporting the spindle. On account
of the distance they are from the cillendar or drums K and L, the band will
not fall off the wharves H and I. The principal of this improvement, as
distinct from the old mode, consists in inverting the fly and giving it a separate
motion from the spindle. The improvement arises chiefly from the following
particulars :-
First, as the fly is the chief agent in twisting the thread, it is the only part
kept in rapid motion, consequently there is a great saving of power, since in
the old machine the spindle and fly turned together at the same speed.
Secondly, the bobbin, fly, and spindle having their distinct and seperate
motions, the draught or inclination of the thread to wind up can be regulated
to the utmost exactness, and when regulated will remain invariably the same
at whatever speed the machino shall turn; whereas in the old mode a
variation of speed produces a variation of draught, thereby breaking the thread
and causing much waste.

page_text: Thirdly, on account of the inverted position of the fly the bobbin can be
taken off and put on with expedition, whilst in the old plan it was necessary
to stop the spindle and unscrew the fly from the top, or to take out the
spindle.
By these improvements the quantity of yarn produced by each spindle is
nearly double to that of the old plan, with the same power and of any degree
of fineness required.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifth
day of January One thousand eight hundred and niche
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifth day of January, in the
year of our Lord 1808, the aforesaid John Leigh Bradbury came before our
said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.