Improvements in and relating to Incandescent Gas Burners.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 1st June, 1891-Accepted, 15th Aug., 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Incandescent Gas Burners.
A communication from JEAN CHARLES OCTAVE CHEMIN, of 12, Avenue de l'Alma,
Paris, in the Republic of France, Engineer.
-
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middle ex,
M.I.M.E., do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
The object of this improved burner is to enable ordinary or carburetted gas,
water gas, air gas or natural gas to be employed for heating to incandescence a
mantle, cap or dome of wire or other suitable incombustible material and to utilize
the glow or light radiating from such incandescent cap for lighting purposes; while
the external shape and arrangement of the burner is the same as that of ordinary
gas burners.
This burner is especially applicable in towns through which gas is conveyed
under a pressure approaching that which prevails in Paris, so that it cannot of itself
cause a sufficient quantity of air to be carried away and mixed with it to produce an
igniting mixture capable of generating the maximum temperature which the gas
might attain under favourable circumstances. Now this burner solves the problem
of automatically creating a sufficient supply of air for this purpose without any
special mechanism but by its own normal operation.
In the accompanying drawing
Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic sectional view of the improved burner enabling the
theoretic principle of its operation to be readily understood.
The burner consists of a vessel or chamber J K L preferably of porcelain or
metal provided at the top with a chimney holder and its attachments. This vessel
or chamber may be of any convenient external shape and is provided throughout its
height with a suitable number of orifices of any desired form.
Into the lower portion of this vessel or chamber projects a jet burner B having
one or more openings whereon the said vessel may be fastened by means of a double
nut or by a flange or collar N and a nut M. The burner itself is screwed onto a
burner support, a bracket, a lamp, a chandelier &c. The vessel or chamber is fitted
internally with offsets PQ upon which rest truncated cones having straight or
curved surfaces.
The first or lowermost truncated cone C causes the first mixture to form between
the gas issuing from the jet B and the air entering through the perforated or open
portion L of the vessel or chamber. The second cone D acts upon the initial
mixture issuing from the first cone C in the same way as the first cone C acted upon
the gas from the jet B and the mixture takes up more air from the openings of
this part K of the vessel or chamber, and on leaving the second cone D the mixture
receives another supply of air from orifices of the part J provided for the purpose.
This successive admission of air is assisted and increased by the draught created
by the glass chimney I. The crown or ring forming the chimney holder supports (1)
a truncated cone G which may be integral therewith and having either a straight or a
curved surface and (2) another truncated cone of the same shape as the cone G but
preferably of about double its height with a small space between the two. The
latter may be supported on the chimney holder as shown in Fig. 1, by means of
three or more narrow brackets or fingers so as to allow of the free circulation of air
between the cones G and E. Or it can be supported by an offset or shoulder formed
on the chimney holder as shown in Fig. 2. The chimney holder or crown may for
this purpose be provided with openings around its circumference as shown in Fig. 2
so that the external air may enter the space between or about the cones G and E.

page_text: At the top of the inner cone E a cap A of metal or other suitable material is
arranged and adapted to be heated to incandescence. Besides within the cone E is
arranged a dome-shaped wire gauze screen, the object of which is to render the
mixture of gas and air burning within the cap A uniform and homogeneous, and at
the same time to prevent the igniting mixture formed in the manner set forth above
from coming into contact with the incandescent cap and on being ignited thereby
burning within the apparatus. This screen is an essential feature of this apparatus
and I would particularly point out in this connection that in the arrangement
described the mixture of gas and air always burns upon the outer surface of the
cap or dome A, and never within it, which constitutes a most striking distinction
between the operation of the burner herein described and other incandescent
burners.
The space left between the two cones G and E is to admit a current of air
between them so as to prevent their being heated to an excessive degree, while on
the other hand such current of air also supplies the oxygen necessary for the
complete combustion which takes place on the surface of the incandescent dome or
сар.
Owing to these arrangements it may be said that carbonic acid and water only arc
obtained while the production of carbonic oxide and smoke which has not been
found avoidable even in the best burners up to the present time is entirely
prevented.
The burner is lighted in the usual manner from the top of the chimney I which
may be of.
any suitable description as supplied to the trade.
"The cones E D and C and the vessel or chamber J K L may preferably be made
of porcelain or metal. The cap or hood A which is to be heated to incandescence
may be made of a suitable metal such as platinum, palladium, iridium or the
like or any alloy of such or other metals or of magnesia or other suitable material.
The number of cones C D and E may be greater or less according to the effect
it is desired to obtain. Their surfaces may be straight as shown in Fig. 1 or curved
as shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 shows a burner constructed for small supplies of say 100 to 200 litres per
hour. The cones here have-curved surfaces. 'The two upper cones E and Gare
separated from each other by a series of openings provided in the crown or chimney
holder.
Against these openings a correspondingly perforated ring 'P'is arranged capable
of a slight turning motion whereby the amount of air sucked in by the chimney
draught between the cones G and E may be controlled. 'This control of
the draught correspondingly affects the air supply through the openings of the
lower chamber or vessel so that the respective quantities of air may in every part
be regulated at will.
By surrounding the chamber herein mentioned by another external chamber or
casing which may or may not be surmounted by a glass chimney the apparatus
may be rendered suitable for recovering heat and the burner may be fed with 'heated
air.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said.inven-
tion, as communicated 'to me by my foreign correspondent, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:-
1. In a gas burner the combination of superposed cones such as C D E having
either straight or curved surfaces the admission of air sufficient to consume the
gas and to heat a cap dome or mantle such as A to incandescence substantially
as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
2. In a gas burner the employment of means for burning the mixture of gas and
air externally upon the surface of a mantle cap or dome such as A substantially as
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
3. In a gas burner the employinent of a piece of wire-gauze F specially adapted
to act as a mixer of the gas and air and to control the same and also to preven

page_text: combustion from invading the interior of the burner substantially as described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
4. In a gas burner the combination with cones such as G and E of a perforated
movable ring such as P provided for the control of the current of air substantially
as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
5. In a gas burner the employment of a chamber such as J K L provided with
offsets or projections such as P and Q adapted to support the cones substantially as
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 1st day of June 1891.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.