IMPROVEMENTS IN THE HOOKS AND PLATES OF HOOK HINGES
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Francis Edgar Martineau, of the Firm of Francis
Edgar Martineau and Company, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
HOOKS AND PLATES OF HOOK HINGES."
Sealed the 5th July 1864, and dated the 2nd February 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Francis Edgar Martineau
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd February 1864.
I, FRANCIS EDGAR MARTINEAU, of the Firm of Francis Edgar Martineau
and Company, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE HOOKS AND PLATES OF HOOK HINGES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to hinges of the kind called hook engines, that is to
say, to hinges in which the tubular part of the moveable half of the hinge
works upon an axis called the hook, which said axis or hook is secured

page_text: to a plate which is screwed or otherwise fastened to the gate post or door
frame.
My said Invention consists of the improvements herein-after explained in
the hooks and plates of the said hook hinges, by which improvements the
hooks of the said hinges are more firmly secured to the plates than in hook
hinges of the ordinary construction, and the hinges thereby made much
stronger.
In making a hook and plate of a hook hinge according to my Invention I
proceed as follows:-I take a piece or bar of iron of about one half the
width and twice the thickness which the finished plate is intended to have.
One end of the bar I leave of the original width and thickness, but I flatten
or draw out the greater portion of the bar by forging until its thickness is
considerably reduced. I turn the end having the original thickness at right
angles to the other part and the said turned part constitutes a bracket on the
lower end of the plate. Or I take a plate of uniform thickness throughout
and bend one of its ends at right angles so as to form a bracket. Through a
hole in the bracket the hook or axis is passed. The said hook or axis consists
of a cylindrical rod of iron passed through the hole in the bracket and either
welded therein or left unwelded. A portion of the rod extending below the
bracket is flattened and expanded at its end, the portion of the rod between
the flattened end and the bracket being bent so as to bring the flattened end
into the same plane as that in which the plate is situated. The flattened end
of the hook or axis has holes through. which screws or nails can be passed for
attaching the said hook or axis to the gate post or door frame to which the
plate is attached. Or I make the plate of a piece of iron of the width and
thickness which the finished plate is intended to have, and by folding or
doubling and welding a portion of the plate near its lower end I make a
bracket at right angles to the plate, the said bracket having double the thick-
ness of the other portion of the plate. The hook or axis is passed through
and may be welded in a hole in the bracket, and the lower end of the hook or
axis may
be welded to that portion of the plate below the bracket. The
hooks and plates of hook hinges made according to my Invention are not liable
to the loosening and separation of the hook from the plate to which hook
hinges of the ordinary kind are liable. :
:

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Francis Edgar Martineau in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 25th July 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FRANCIS
EDGAR MARTINEAU, of the Firm of Francis Edgar Martineau and Company,
of Birmingnam, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer's, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her. Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of
Her reign; did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Francis Edgar Martineau, Her special licence that I, the said
Francis Edgar Martineau, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Francis Edgar Martineau, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and law-
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE HOOKS AND PLATES OF HOOK HINGES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Francis Edgar Martineau, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Francis Edgar Martineau, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to hinges of the kind called hook hinges, that is to
say, to hinges in which the tubular part of the moveable, half of the hinge
works upon an axis called the hook, which said axis or hook is secured to a
plate which is screwed or otherwise fastened to the gate post or door
frame.
My said Invention consists of the improvements, herein-after explained in
the hooks and plates of the said hook hinges, by which improvements the
hooks of the said hinges are more firmly secured to the plates than in hook

page_text: hinges of the ordinary construction, and the hinges thereby made much
stronger.
In making a hook and plate of a hook hinge according to my Invention I
proceed as follows:-I take a piece or bar of iron of about one half the width
and twice the thickness which the finished plate is intended to have. One end
of the bar I leave of the original width and thickness, and I flatten or draw
out the greater portion of the bar by forging until its thickness is considerably
reduced. I turn the end having the original thickness at right angles to the
other part and the said turned part constitutes a bracket on the lower end of
the plate. Or I take a plate of uniform thickness throughout and bend one
of its ends at right angles so as to form a bracket. Through a hole in the
bracket the hook or axis is passed. The said hook or axis consists of a
cylindrical rod of iron passed through the hole in the bracket and either welded
therein or left, unwelded. A portion of the rod extending below the bracket
is flattened and expanded at its end, the portion of the rod between the
flattened end and the bracket being bent so as to bring the flattened end into
the same plane as that in which the plate is situated. The flattened end of
the hook or axis has holes through which screws or nails can be passed for
attaching the said hook or axis to the gate post or door frame to which the
plate is attached. Or I make the plate of a piece of iron of the width and
thickness which the finished plate is intended to have, and by folding or
doubling and welding a portion of the plate near its lower end I make a
bracket at right angles to the plate, the said bracket having double the
thickness of the other portion of the plate. The hook or axis is passed
through and may be welded in a hole in the bracket, and the lower end of the
hook or axis may be welded to that portion of the plate below the bracket.
The hooks and plates of hook hinges made according to my Invention are
not liable to the loosening and separation of the hook from the plate to which
hook hinges of the ordinary kind are liable.
Having explained the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to describe,
with reference to the accompanying Drawings, the manner in which the same
is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in front elevation a hook and plate of a hook hinge
constructed according to one of the improvements constituting my Invention;
Figure 2 is a side elevation of the same; and Figures 3 and 4 represent the
plate and hook separately.
a is the plate and 6 the hook or axis. The said hook 6
and may be welded to the brackets c of the said plate a.
is passed through
The lower end of

page_text: the hook b is welded to or made into a plate 6, which plate 6' constitutes in
the finished binge a prolongation of the plate a, the said plates a and being
fastened to the gate post or door frame. In making the plate a and bracket a
I take a piece or bar of iron of about one half the width and twice the
thickness which the plate a is intended to have. One end of the bar I leave
of the original width and thickness, but I flatten or draw out the greater part
of the bar by forging until its thickness is considerably reduced. This reduced
and expanded part of the bar or plate is marked a in Figures 1, 2, and 3. I
next turn the end having the original' thickness at right angles to the other
part, the said turned part constituting the bracket c on the lower end of the
said plate a. Or instead of making the plate and bracket of different thick-
nesses of metal in the manner described the plate and bracket may be made
from a plate of uniform thickness throughout one of the ends of the said plate;
being bent at right angles so as to form the bracket. Or I take a plate and
fold or double and weld together one of its ends so as to thicken it, and from
the said thickened end I form the bracket by bending it at right angles to
the other part of the plate. In making the hook or axis b and plate b³,
Figures 1, 2, and 4, I take a rod of iron and flatten and expand its end into
the plate band pass the upper part of the said rod forming the hook 6 through
a hole in the bracket c, and either weld the said hook to the bracket or leave it
unwelded. Or the plate b is first made and the hook 6 afterwards made from
it. The hook 6 is bent below the bracket c in the manner represented so as
to bring the plate 6 into the same plane as the plate a. The plates a and b³
have holes d made in them by which the said plates are secured to the gate
post or door frame. Instead of making the plate 6 from the metal of which
the hook or axis 6 is made the lower end of the said hook or axis may be
welded to a plate of the form of 6³..
Figure 5 represents in front elevation another hook and plate made
according to my Invention, and Figure 6 represents a side elevation of the
same; Figures 7 and 8 represent the parts separately. In this hook and plate
I make the lower plate 6 with a bracket 65, similar to the bracket c on the
upper plate a, and weld the said brackets c, 63, together at the dotted line,
Figures 5 and 6. Each of the brackets has a hole in its middle. The end
of the hook or axis 6 is passed through the brackets cand band bent in the
manner represented and welded to the plate b². Instead of making the
brackets c and 6 of separate pieces of metal the whole of the parts a, c, b³;
and 6 may be made of one piece of metal, the brackets c, b, being made by
folding or doubling the plate at the dotted line, Figures 5 and 6, and after

page_text: wards welding the folded parts c, b, together. Instead of the hook or axis
being connected to a plate below the bracket, as described and represented in
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, the said hook or axis may be passed through
the bracket only and welded or rivetted thereto. This arrangement of my
Invention is illustrated in Figures 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 of the Drawings,
Figure 9 being a front elevation of the hook and plate; Figure 10 a side
elevation; Figure 11 side and front elevations of the upper plate, and
Figure 12.side and front elevations of the lower plate; Figure 13 represents
the hook separately. Each of the plates a, b, is provided with a bracket
marked respectively c and 63, which brackets are welded together as herein-
before described with respect to Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8. The lower part of
the hook or axis b is made square, and square holes are made in the brackets
c, b, through which the square end of the hook is passed and welded or
rivetted therein. Or the said brackets may be left unwelded and connected
together by the rivetting of the hook or axis b. The plate below the bracket
may be dispensed with and the hook or axis welded or rivetted to a single
bracket made on the plate; Figures 14 and 15. represent in front and side
elevations respectively a hook and plate of the last-described kind; Figure 16
represents in vertical section the plate separately, and Figure 17 represents a
plan of the upper side of the same; Figure 18 represents the hook or axis
separately; a is the plate, 6 the hook or axis, and c the bracket, the said hook.
being welded or rivetted to the said bracket in the manner represented. The
hooks and plates of hook hinges made in the manner described and illustrated
in the Drawings are not liable to the loosening and separation of the
hook from the plate to which hook hinges of the ordinary kind are
liable.
Having now described the nature of my Invention and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit
myself to the precise details herein described, as the same may be varied without
departing from the nature of my Invention.
But I claim as my Invention, firstly, the improvements in the hooks of hook
hinges herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
and 8 of the accompanying Drawings, that is to say, supporting the hook or
axis of the said hook hinges on the plate of the hinge (or on a separate plate)
below the bracket through which the hook passes, so that the hook may
a support in addition to or independent of that of the bracket.
have
Secondly, the improvements in the plates of hook hinges herein-before
described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, that is to say, making

page_text: on the plates of the said hinges a bracket, the said bracket being made from
the metal of which the plate is made, through a hole in which bracket
the hook or axis is passed or in which the said hook or axis is rivetted or
welded.
In witness whereof, I, the said Francis Edgar Martinean, have hereunto
hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
my
Witness,
0
FRANCIS EDGAR MARTINEAU. (L.s.)
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.