Improvements in Hydro-carbon Engines.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Oct., 1894
Complete Specification Left. 22nd July, 1895-Accepted, 23rd Oct., 1895
PROVISIONAL STECIFICATION.
Improvements in Hydro-carbon Engines.
We, JOSEPH GROVE of 5 Douglas Terrace Inchinnan Road near Paisley in
the County of Renfrew, Engineer, and Toм CLIFFORD HOGG, of 21 Lime Street,
in the County of London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to and comprises certain improvements in the
mechanism for operating the exhaust valves, and the governing of oil and gas
engines thereby. The mode of supplying the oil and air, or gas and air to these
motors. To effect the object we key an eccentric on the main-shaft of the engine,
and connect by a rod to a lever provided with two pawls which engage themselves
in the teeth of a double toothed ratchet wheel, and which is. revolved thereby on
the axis cf the lever, operated reciprocally by the eccentric. The teeth of the
ratchet are preferably two to one whereby the pawl which is in contact with a trip
pièce is alternately lifted out of a tooth and the trip piece thrown out of gear with
the exhaust valve which remains on its seat. This operation is repeated every
second revolution of the eccentric and mainshaft. The trip piece oscillates on a
pin affixed to the eccentric rod, and is held. in contact with the pawl by an
adjustable compression spring until, and while the speed of the engine is normal,
at any excess of speed the spring is proportionately compressed by the momentum
of an adjustable weight connected to the trip piece, by which it is thrown, and
held out of contact with the exhaust valve, which remains closed until the speed is
again normal. In some cases we may construct a ratchet wheel with three or more
sets of teeth to operate a corresponding number of levers, pawls, valves etc., by
means of one eccentric the position of which can be. altered to enable the engine to
run in either direction.
The oil supply may be under pressure, or by gravitation led direct to the air
induction valve of the motor, the only means of controll is by a suitable stop cock,
this method enables us to dispense with a pump, injector, or annular chamber
communicating through small orifices with, and around the valve seat.
a
The air is drawn from the atmosphere through a length of pipe, thence around
spaces in a water jacketed cylinder cover to the induction valve, mixing with, and
spraying the oil through a hot throat to the cylinder, thus forming bighly
explosive mixture, which on the compression stroke, a portion is forced into a red
hot chamber and the whole ignited..
A special lamp has been designed to heat up the vaporizer and firing chamber
before starting, after which sufficient heat is maintained for this purpose by the
successive explosions of the engine.
At any suitable point between the entrance of air inlet pipe and induction valve,
we use a second valve or its equivalent, to prevent escape of oil, this is to be under-
stood not to refer to the air throttle valve which is in general use on this class
of motor.
Dated this 20th day of October 1894.
JOSEPH GROVE.
TOM CLIFFORD HOGG.

page_text: Improvements in Hydro-carbon Engines.
We, JOSEPH GROVE, of 5 Douglas Terrace, Inchinan Road, Paisley, in the
County of Renfrew, North Britain, Engineer, and TOM CLIFFORD HOGG, of
21 Lime Street, in the County of London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement, that is
to say :-
The said invention comprises certain improvements in the mechanism for
operating the exhaust valves and for governing oil or gas engines, and in apparatus
for supplying the oil or gas and air to such motors.
On two accompanying sheets of explanatory drawings as much of a hydro-carbon
engine fitted with the improved mechanism is shown as is considered necessary in
explaining my invention.
Figure, 1, on Sheet, 1, of the drawings is a sectional side elevation of an oil
engine.
Figure, 2, on Sheet, 2, is an enlarged sectional side elevation of a part of the
improved mechanism for acting on the exhaust valve and for governing the speed
of the engine.
Figure, 3, is a section as taken parallel to a part of Figure, 2; and Figure, 4, is
a section as at right angles to Figure, 2.
Figure, 5, shows a variation of parts shown in Figures, 2, to 4.
In these drawings the same reference letters and numerals are used to mark the
same or like parts wherever they are repeated.
The engine is of the " Otto" or four-stroke cycle type, but with a positive
motion applied to the exhaust valve only, the action on that valve being also
controlled by a governing device which prevents the speed from exceeding a
predetermined rate.
The movements of the exhaust valve, A, are derived from an eccentric, B, fixed
on the crank shaft, B 1. The spindle, A 1, of the valve works in a tubular
guide, A 2; it has a helical spring applied to it for closing the valve; and for
opening the valve the spindle is acted on by a short headed piece, A 3, working in
the tubular guide and projecting from the outer end thereof. The piece, A 3. is,
ordinarily, acted upon by a tongue, C, jointed between fork cheeks, B 2, formed
(or partly fixed) on the end of the rod, B 3, adjustably fixed to the eccentric
strap, B 4. The tongue, C, is pressed downwards by a helical spring, C1, adjusted
by means of a screw, C2, in a bridge, C3, fixed to the eccentric-rol jaws, B 2.
A lever, C 4, having on it an adjustable weight, C5, is fixed to the joint boss of
the tongue, C; and when the speed of the engine becomes excessive the inertia of
the weight, C 5, causes the tongue, C, to rise and to miss engaging with and acting
on the piece, A 3. To the extreme ends of the eccentric-rod jaws, B2, there is
jointed by means of trunnions formed on it a box, D, which can
stud, D1, fixed to the side of the engine. Within the box, D, and also turnable
on the same stud, D 1, there are two wheels, D2, D3, made in one piece and with
ratchet-like teeth. These wheels which are shown separately in Figures, 2, and 3,
are made one, D3, with twice as many teeth as the other, D 2. The action of the
eccentric imparts a rocking motion to the box, D, and a toothed block, D 4, acted
on by a helical spring and movable in a socket formed for it in the box, D, acts
like a spring pawl on the wheel, D3, which has the double number of teeth and
makes that wheel turn to the extent of a tooth once for every revolution of the
crank shaft. The wheel, D3, turns the wheel, D 2, and the teeth on this wheel act
on a second toothed block, D 5, acted on by a helical spring and movable in a
socket formed for it in the box, D; but the teeth being only half as many as those
turn on a

page_text: of the wheel, D 3, the block, D5, is lifted only at every alternate revolution of
the crank shaft. The second spring block, D 5, is directly under the tongue, C,
and in rising at each alternate revolution it raises the tongue and prevents action
on the exhaust valve. The exhaust valve is thus opened only at each alternate-
revolution of the crank shaft, as is required for the. "Otto" cycle of operations.
The wheel, D 3, is prevented from turning back by a spring toothed block, 1) 6,.
acting like an ordinary retaining pawl, and working in a socket formed for it in a.
fixed bracket, D 7.
Instead of the two wheels, D2, D3, a single wheel, E. Figure, 5, may be used,.
a toothed block, E 1, which acts on it by the rocking of the box (D) and is acted
on by it, being directly under the tongue, C. The periphery of the wheel, E, is
made with depressions the alternate ones of which are deeper than the others; and
it is only when, at alternate revolutions of the crank shaft, the block, E1, descends
into the deeper depressions that the tongue, C, becomes lowered sufficiently to act
on the piece, A 3, and open the exhaust valve. In Figure, 5, the wheel, E, is
shown with fewer teeth than, D2, D3, the better to show the differing
depressions.
The oil for working the engine is contained in a tank, G, and passes thence up a
pipe, G1, fitted with a check valve, G 2, to a regulating valve, G3, and
nozzle, G 4, the last being in the induction space, H, at the outer end of the motor
cylinder. The communication between the induction space, H, and the interior of
the cylinder is past an induction valve, H 1, opening inwards and closed by a
spring, H 2, acting on its spindle, H 3. At the inner end of the oil nozzle, G 4,
there is a valve, 5, opening into the induction space, H, and closed by a light
spring on its spindle within the nozzle. Atmospheric air reaches the induction
space, H, in a heated condition, having passed through a space, J, in the cylinder
end casting, through a pipe, J 1, and between a pipe, J 2, and the exhaust pipe, J 3.
On the outward stroke of the piston next after the inward stroke which expels
the contents of the cylinder, the induction valve, H 1, is opened by suction due to
the consequent internal vacuum, and the oil-nozzle valve, 5, is also opened. The
oil mixing with the heated air in the induction space, H, passes the valve, H 1, into
the throat, K, which is at the end of the cylinder, and which has been heated by
the last explosion. An explosive mixture is thus formed; which is compressed on the
next inward stroke of the piston and which becomes ignited in consequence of a
portion of it being forced by the compressing stroke into a chamber, K 1, containing
red-hot metal and of the kind described in the Patent Specification No. 8668
of 1894, or into an igniting chamber of any other suitable kind.
The cylinder is provided with the usual water-jacket spaces, L; and also with
an air-inlet valve, M, for preventing the pressure within the cylinder from
becoming less than that of the atmosphere at certain stages when through the
action of the governor ignitions are missed.
Having now particularly described and certained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. Improved mechanism substantially such as is herein before described whereby
an eccentric on the crank shaft is made to open the exhaust valve at alternate
revolutions.
2. The combination of the mechanism forming the subject matter of the first
claim with a governing device substantially as herein before described.
3. The improved construction of the apparatus for admitting air and oil or
ydrocarbon substantially as herein before described.
Dated this Twentieth dar of July 1895
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicants' Agent.