Improvements in Lamps for Railway Carriages, Tramcars, and other Vehicles.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd June, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 9th Mar., 1891-Accepted, 9th May, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lamps for Railway Carriages, Tramcars, and other
Vehicles.
.
1. JEAN CHARLES ALEXANDRE MARCHISIo, Commission Merchant of 26 Rue
Cadet, Paris, in the Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
The over-head lamps burning mineral oils, used in railway carriages, tram-cars
and other vehicles have the inconvenience of furnishing a light the distribution of
which does not take place in a uniform manner.
In lamps invented up to the present the horizontal position of the burner or its
inclination more or less pronounced, above the horizontal position causes the flame
to turn upwards immediately at its issue from the cone, so that the lower lip
thereof casts a shadow on every part of the reflector.
Moreover it is impossible to burn in these lamps heavy oils of a high density they
can only be used with very refined oils and consequently the lighting under these
conditions mounts up to a comparatively high price.
With the object of obviating these inconveniences I have invented the improved
system which is the object of the present invention.
And in order that my said invention may be more clearly understood and readily
carried into effect I will proceed aided by the accompanying drawings more fully
to describe the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a vertical section taken through the centre of my improved lamp.
Figure 2 is an exterior elevation of the lower part of the chimney.
Figure 2 is a section of the lower part of the chimney looking towards the cone.
Figures 3 and 4 show a slight modification to that represented in Figure and
consists of a bayonette catch for fastening the upper with the lower part of the
lamp.
As shown in the drawings 1 employ a wick tube a curved below the horizontal
line, the opening of this wick tube being preferably only a few millimetres above
the reservoir c. The cone d is inclined at the same angle as the wick tube but it
has this peculiarity that the two edges e. f. of the opening through which the
flame passes are not of the same length: the upper lip e is considerably longer
than the lower lip. The edge or end of the cone is not formed straight, it is
slightly curved or hollow in order to force the flame to pass below the orifice b of
the wick tube and of the opening in the cone d.
The lower lip which is not so long as the upper lip e may also sometimes be
made curved or hollow.
The openings
in the cone through which air passes to the flame are so made
that the air which comes from above the wick tube and which passes in contact
with the upper lip e, is much more than that which passes below the wick tube
in contact with the lower lip. In this manner the flame is caused to descend
still more.
This strong current of air enables inferior mineral oils to be burnt in this lamp,
such as Russian oils, schist oils &c. of a density of 870° to 880° producing a steady
light during fifteen or sixteen hours.
Around the cone d the lower part of the chimney is provided with holes i
which supply air in sufficient quantity to insure perfect combustion of the gases,

page_text: In closing the lamp the cylindrical part k with its conical base is placed upon
the top of the chimney and is pressed upon it by means of a spring. By this
means I obtain a longer chimney and consequently a greater draught without
injuring the swinging movement of the upper part of the apparatus.
The double exterior casing at the lower part of the lamp is provided with
three rows of air holes n. o. p. to prevent undue heating.
At the upper part of the apparatus this double casing is continued and is
provided with two rows of holes r. s. for the same object.
Hitherto these lamps have been attended to from the exterior, on top of the
roof of the carriage but in certain cases it is absolutely necessary that they
should be attended to from the interior as in drawing-room, dining and sleeping
cars &c.
In Figure 1 of the drawings the upper part of the lamp is connected by hinges
and catches with the lower part thereof as is usual in other lamps. To open the
lamp it is necessary to turn the upper part thereof upon the hinge t. I have
represented in Figures 3 and 4 a method of fastening by means of a bayonette
catch, thus enabling the lamps to be attended to from the interior of the carriages.
To prevent accidental separation of the two parts of the lamp, caused by vibration
I provide the gudgeon u fixed in the interior of the body of the apparatus which
engages in a hole pierced in the end of a flat spring and which thus prevents
all rotation of the two parts. I also provide a key which is operated from the
interior of the carriage and which can press against the spring by means of the
bit y and thus allow the gudgeon to be disengaged when it is wished to clean or
attend to the lamp.
The above is a description of one method in which I carry my invention into
effect but it is distinctly understood that the details forms, materials and dimensions
may be varied without departing from the peculiar character thereof.
Dated June 23rd 1890.
JEAN CHARLES ALEXANDRE MARCHISIO.
By Harris & Mills,
23, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents.
N CHARLES ALEXANDRE MARCHISIO.
By Harris & Mills,
23, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lamps for Railway Carriages, Tramcars, and other
Vehicles.
I, JEAN CHARLES ALEXANDRE MARCHISIO, Commission Merchant of 26 Rue
Cadet, Paris, in the Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :--
Overhead or roof lamps burning mineral oils, used for lighting railway carriages,
tramcars, and other vehicles have the inconvenience of furnishing a light the
distribution of which does not take place in a uniform manner in every direction.
In lamps invented up to the present the horizontal position of the burner or
its inclination more or less pronounced above the horizontal position causes the
flame to turn upwards immediately at its issue from the cone, so that the lower lip
thereof. casts a shadow on every part of the reflector.
Moreover it is impossible to burn in these lamps heavy oils of great density
they can only be used with very refined oils and consequently the lighting under
these conditions mounts up to a comparatively high price.
With the object of obviating these inconveniences I have invented the improved
system of lamp which is the object of the present invention.
And in order that my said invention may be clearly understood and readily
carried into effect I will proceed aided by the drawings accompanying my
Provisional Specification more fully to describe the same.

page_text: Figure 1 is a vertical section taken through the centre, of my improved lamp.
Figure 2 is an exterior elevation of the lower part of the chimney.
Figure 2 is a section of the lower part of the chimney looking towards the
cone.
Figures 3 & 4 show a slight modification to that represented in Figure 1 and
consists of a bayonet catch for fastening the upper part with the lower part of
the lamp.
As shown in the drawings employ a wick tube a curved or inclined below the
horizontal line, the opening of this wick tube being preferably only a few
millimetres above the oil reservoir c. The cone d is inclined at the same angle
as the wick tube a but it has this peculiarity that the two edges e. of the
opening through which the flame passes are not of the same length, the upper
lipe is somewhat longer than the lower lip The edge or end of the cone is
not formed straight, it is slightly curved or hollow in order to force the flame to
pass below the orifice of the wick tube and of the opening in the cone d.
The lower lip which is not so long as the upper lip e may also sometimes be
made curved or hollow. The openings g in the cone through which air passes to
the flame are so made that the air, which comes from above the wick tube and
which passes in contact with the upper lip e, is in greater quantity than that which
passes below the wick tube in contact with the lower lip In this manner the
Hame is caused to descend still more.
This strong current of air enables inferior mineral oils to be burnt in this lamp,
such as Russian oils, schist oil &c. of a density of 870° to 880° Beaumé producing
a steady light during fifteen or sixteen hours. Around the cone d, the lower
part of the chimney is provided with holes which supply air in sufficient
quantity to insure perfect combustion of the gases.
In closing the lamp the cylindrical part & with its conical base is placed upon
the top of the chimney ; and is pressed upon it by means of a spring. By this
means obtain a longer chimney and consequently a greater draught without
injuring the swinging movement of the upper part of the apparatus.
The double exterior casing m at the lower part of the lamp is provided with
three rows of air holes n p to prevent undue heating.
9
At the upper part of the apparatus this double casing is continued at and is
provided with two rows of holes r. s for the same object.
Hitherto lamps have been attended to from the exterior, on top of the roof of
the carriage but in certain cases it is absolutely necessary that they should be
attended to from the interior as in drawing room, dining and sleeping cars &c.
In Figure 1 of the drawings the upper part of the lamp is connected by hinges
and catches with the lower part thereof as is usual in other lamps.
To open the lamp it is only necessary to turn the upper part thereof upon the
hinge t. I have represented in Figures 3 & 4 a method of fastening by means of
a bayonet catch, thus enabling the lamps to be attended to from the interior of
the carriages. To prevent accidental separation of the two parts of the lamp,
caused by vibration I provide the gudgeon a fixed in the interior of the body of
the apparatus which engages in a hole pierced in the end of a powerful spring v
and which thus prevents all rotation of the two parts. I also provide a key r
which is operated from the interior of the carriage and which can press against
the spring by means of the bit y and thus allow the gudgeon to be disengaged
when it is wished to clean or attend to the lamp.
The above is a description of one method in which I carry my invention into
effect but it is distinctly understood that the details, forms, materials and dimensions
may be varied without departing from the peculiar character thereof.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :
The improved lamps for railway carriages, tramcars, and other vehicles, con-
sisting principally in the arrangement of the burner, which is so arranged as to
direct the flame below the horizontal and project it to the centre of the reflector,
in combination with a cone of special form, that is to say, with unequal lips
ensuring this position of the flame; I also claim the other improvements herein-
before described and particularly the cylindro-conical spring portion constituting
the prolongation of the draft chimney, the double supply of air to support,
combustion and the method of opening the lamp from the interior of the vehicle,
substantially as herein shown and described and for the purpose stated.
J. C. A. MARCHISIO.
By Harris & Mills,
23, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents.