Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Splitting, Cutting-up, and otherwise Treating Whalebone.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Jan., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 5th Oct., 1893-Accepted, 5th Jan., 1894
PRUVIDIUNAL DE DUITIVATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Splitting,
Cutting-up, and otherwise Treating Whalebone.
I, CHARLES SCHORNSTEIN of 106, Rue du Chemin Vert, Paris, France,
Whalebone Cutter, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
--
My invention relates to improved processes and apparatus for the manufacture of
"bones" or stiffeners for corsets of whalebone or substitutes therefor of animal
origin whereby hand labor is reduced and a larger product obtained without
waste.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this
Specification, in which
Figure 1 represents a transverse vertical section, Figure 2 a plan partly in
section, and Figure 3 a longitudinal vertical section, of a machine for cutting the
whalebone into lengths.
Figure 4 represents a front elevation, Figure 5 a plan, Figure 6 a longitudinal
vertical section, Figure 7 a part transverse section, Figure 8 a horizontal section
(drawn to a larger scale) and Figure 9 a part plan (on a reduced scale) of a
machine for splitting the whalebone to the thickness required.
Figure 10 is a transverse sectional elevation, Figure 11 a plan partly in section,
and Figure 12 a part sectional front elevation, of a machine for cutting the whale-
bone to a uniform width.
Figures 13 and 14 are detail views, in elevation and plan, of the feed rollers.
Figures 15 and 16 are detail views, in elevation and plan, of the cutters.
Figure 17 is a transverse vertical section, Figure 18 a longitudinal vertical
section, and Figure 19 a horizontal section of a machine for straightening the
whalebone.
Figure 20 is a detail longitudinal vertical section, Figure 21 a plan, and
Figure 22 a sectional front elevation of the feed mechanism for the whalebone in
this machine, drawn to a larger scale.
Figure 23 is a longitudinal vertical section, and Figure 24 a front elevation, of a
machine for proving the whalebone.
Figure 25 is a longitudinal elevation, and Figure 26 a plan partly in section, of a
machine for scraping the whalebone.
Figure 27 is a detail of the mechanism for feeding the whalebone in this
machine.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in all the figures.
The several stages through which the whalebone passes before the finished article
is produced are as follows:-
The whalebone is first cut to lengths by means of the machine represented in
Figures 1, 2, and 3, consisting essentially of a set of vertically-movable stops a
pressed upwards by springs a¹, a stationary or bed cutter b, and a vertically-
movable cutter 6' carried by a lever working on a joint at 62 and worked by a
crank-pin in its slotted end ³ carried by a crank-disc keyed on a shaft provided
with speed pulleys 66. This machine has more particularly for its object to enable
the strip of whalebone to be cut up into pieces of uniform length. For this
purpose the end of the strip is fed, in the direction of the arrow, Figure 3, against
one of the stops a, the first one for example, if for a short length, or against any
other one of the stops according to the length of strip desired (the intervening
D

page_text: stops being depressed out of the way) whereupon the cutter 6' which is continuously
operated, cuts off successive lengths from the strip which are cast into a receptacle
without the operator letting go the butt end of the strip, which is continuously pressed
forward against the stop until the whole strip has been cut up into lengths as
desired.
The lengths are next split to the required thickness by the machine represented
in Figures 4 to 9, which comprises a circular frame d upon which are jointed a
number of plane-like cutter heads A whereof the feed rollers are operated by a
series of gear wheels d' from a toothed wheel d2 upon the axis of which is mounted
a circular table d³, both the wheel d² and table d³ being operated by a spur pinion d
and bevel pinions ds from the driving pulley shaft d. The cutting device A consists
(a) of a presser wheel e mounted in a holder e¹ which serves as a guide for the
strip of whalebone B against which it is pressed by a spring e²; (b) of two guide
rollers, the latter of which is placed close up to the cutter g; (c) of a bed
cutter g and two drawing rollers h, h. The degree of pressure of rollers e, f, f',
and h, ', upon the strip B is regulated by means of a screw i and is produced by
the action of weight C. As shewn more particularly in Figure 8 the whalebone
strip B is introduced between the periphery of the table d³ and roller e by which
it is pressed to expel the moisture and is conducted by the rollers ff, to the
cutter g by which a strip B' of the desired thickness is split off and passes along
the bed cutter g' and between the delivery rollers h, k, which discharge it from
the machine while the stock portion B passes to the next splitting device which is
similar in construction and operation to that described and by which another strip
of the desired thickness is split off and so on in succession. Whalebone in its
natural state is composed of laminæ of a certain length but of diminishing breadth,
and is ordinarily cut with the grain whereby considerable waste is incurred. By
the circular machine of this invention the cutters may be so mounted as to sever
the whalebone into as many strips at the narrow as at the wide end, the strips being
however wider at one end than at the other.
In order to reduce the strips B¹ so cut to a uniform width throughout their
length, I employ the machine represented in Figures 10 to 16 consisting of a
table in which are formed a number of oblique grooves k¹ each having apertures k
giving passage to feed rollers 7 mounted on shafts l' each driven by worm wheels 13
from the shaft and driving pulley 15 and each geared by pinions 12, m, with
corresponding upper shafts m', mounted in a frame m³ capable of being raised on a
hinge at mand carrying feed rollers m² pressed towards the lower rollers m² by
springs m³. The whalebone strips are inserted in the grooves k¹ and fed by
rollers l, m², up to the knives n of which there is one in each groove capable of lateral
adjustment by a set-screw n' according to the width of strip desired. In order to
feed the whalebone as close as possible up to the knife, pairs of small feed rollers o
driven through a series of gear wheels o¹ from the driving shaft 1 are provided, as
shewn more clearly in Figures 10, 11, 15, and 16. Owing to the oblique direction
of the grooves k¹ relatively to the planes of motion of the feed rollers the strips are
pressed against the side 2 of the grooves, so that on arriving at the knives they
will be cut of uniform width. The knives n being independently adjustable
enables the strips to be cut of different widths in different grooves if desired.
The whalebone strips are next straightened by means of the machine illustrated in
Figures 17, 18, and 19, which is composed of two parts one for heating and the other
for cooling the whalebone. This machine is to a certain extent similar to the
machine for cutting the whalebone to width, inasmuch as it has a table k provided
with oblique grooves k¹, a lower set of feed rollers corresponding to the direction
of said grooves operated by worm wheels, and an upper set of feed rollers m³
mounted in a frame m³, and pressed on the whalebones by springs mo. The one
part of the machine is provided with a series of gas-jet pipes D placed transversely
beneath the lower rollers and arched so as to simultaneously heat the upper
and lower rollers and also the grooves. The other part of the machine is similar
but of greater length and without any heating arrangement, it being intended for

page_text: cooling the whalebone. The strip of whalebone are inserted in the grooves k¹
between the first pair of rollers Im² by which it is fed through the following sets
of rollers and so on whereby it is caused to traverse the heated portion of the
machine and is straightened by the action of the successive sets of rollers which
rotate at progressively increasing speeds for the purpose of drawing and
straightening the strips which are rendered supple by the heat and on passing
to the cooling part of the machine the straight form is permanently retained.
Owing to the oblique arrangement of the grooves the strips are constantly pressed
against the sides k² of the grooves so as to prevent moving in a zig-zag direction and
assist its straightening operation.
In order to test the strength and increase the flexibility of the whalebone after it
has been straightened, I employ the machine illustrated in Figures 23 and 24,
consisting of a frame p in which is mounted a spindle carrying a roller q¹ a
toothed wheel 92, and a band pulley 93, the wheel q2 being geared with a toothed
wheel on the spindle of a roller q mounted in a fork 9 carried by a stem of and
pressed down by a spring 8 upon roller q. r,, ², 73, 74, are a system of levers
and connecting rods jointed to the frame p at s, s', the fork y taking under the
lever r.
The lever supports a T-headed frame t in the T-head of which
abutments t¹, t, are mounted at a certain distance apart, the frame t being guided
by a cross-rod t³ fixed on frame p while the arm carries a thrust piece 4 sliding
in frame t and whose head is situated opposite the middle of the space between the
abutments t1, t2. The whalebone is inserted between the abutments t¹, t2, and
the thrust piece t* and thence between the rollers q, q, by which it is drawn along.
The upward movement of roller q' on the insertion of the whalebone actuates the
lever and oscillates through link the lever which draws frame t downward
whilst through link which partakes in the movement of lever lever is raised
and with it the thrust piece t. By these simultaneous and opposite movements
of t and t the whalebone is bent and whilst in this form is drawn along through
its whole length by the rollers q', q, under which conditions the whalebone if not
in good condition would break whereupon the levers and connections together with
parts and resume the position shewn in Figure 23. The strength of the
whalebone may also be tested before straightening it, in which case the whalebone
having already acquired a certain degree of flexibility need only be slightly
heated.
After being tested the whalebone is finally scraped or smoothed by means of the
machine illustrated in Figures 25, 26, and 27, consisting of a frame u in which is
mounted the spindle u¹ of the milling cutter u² driven by the gear wheels u* from
shaft us and pulley u. The strip is brought under the action of the milling tool
by two pairs of feed rollers one pair before, and one pair behind, the tool the upper
rollers, 2 being mounted in a yoke v sliding in guides u³ in frame u and guided
by the rods vt, whilst the lower rollers a, x, are mounted in a frame pivoted
at a,, in a forked lever x¹ oscillating on a rod 2 in frame u a weight being
hung on its other end whereby the lower rollers are pressed up against the
whalebone strip. Upon the axis of roller a are keyed toothed wheels and ¹
and the latter is driven by a wheel u' on shaft u. Motion is transmitted from
the roller to roller by a pitch chain running on wheel 8 and on a similar
wheel keyed on the axis of roller x, the chain being put in tension by a
pinion and screw .. The toothed wheels z, z', on the shafts of rollers ¹³,
gear with corresponding wheels 23, 4, fast with the upper rollers v, 2. The
whalebone strip E fed between the rollers ¹, ¹, is passed beneath the rotary
milling tool u and discharged from the machine by the rollers v², ..
Dated this 5th day of January 1893.
.5

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Splitting,
Cutting-up, and otherwise Treating Whalebone."
I CHARLES SCHORNSTEIN, of 106 Rue du Chemin Vert, Paris, France,
Whalebone Cutter do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improved processes and apparatus for the manufacture of
❝ bones" or stiffeners for corsets, of whalebone or substitutes therefor of animal
origin, whereby hand labor is reduced and a larger product obtained without
waste.
Reference is to be had to the drawings left with my Provisional Specification
and also to the accompanying drawings forming part of this Specification, in
which
Figure 1 represents a transverse vertical section, Figure 2 a plan, partly in
section and Figure 3 a longitudinal vertical section, of a machine for cutting the
whalebone into lengths.
Figure 4 represents a front elevation, Figure a plan, Figure 6 a longitudinal
vertical section, Figure 7 a part transverse section, Figure 8 a horizontal section
(drawn to a larger scale) and Figure 9 a part plan (on a reduced scale) of a
machine for splitting the whalebone to the thickness required.
.
Figure 10 is a transverse sectional elevation, Figure 11 a plan partly in section,
and Figure 12 a part sectional front elevation, of a machine for cutting the
whalebone to a uniform width.
Figures 13 and 14 are detail views, in elevation and plan, of the feed rollers.
Figures 15 and 16 are detail views, in elevation and plan, of the cutters.
Figure 17 is a transverse vertical section, Figure 18 a longitudinal vertical
section, and Figure 19 a horizontal section of a machine for straightening the
whalebone.
Figure 20 is a detail longitudinal vertical section, Figure 21 a plan, and Figure 22
a sectional part front elevation of the feed mechanism for the whalebone in this
machine, drawn to a larger scale.
Figure 23 is a longitudinal vertical section, and Figure 24 a front elevation, of a
machine for proving the whalebone.
Figure 25 is a longitudinal elevation, and Figure 26 a plan partly in section, of
a machine for scraping the whalebone.
Figure 27 is a detail of the mechanism for feeding the whalebone in this
machine.
Figure 28 is a plan and Figure 29 a front elevation of a modified arrangement of
the machine for splitting the whalebone.
Figure 30 shows a portion of a whalebone strip split by the machine illustrated
in Figures 4 to 9.
Figure 31 shows a strip as split by the machine illustrated in Figures 28 and 29.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in all the figures.
The several stages through which the whalebone passes before the finished
article is produced are as follows:-
The whalebone is first cut to lengths by means of the machine represented in
Figures 1, 2, and 3, consisting essentially of a set of vertically-movable stops a
pressed upwards by springs a¹, a stationary or bed cutter b, and a vertically-
movable cutter b₁ carried by a lever working on a joint at 12 and worked by a
crank-pin in its slotted end 63 carried by a crank-disc keyed on a shaft 68
provided with speed pulleys . This machine has more particularly for its object
to enable the strip of whalebone to be cut up into pieces of uniform length. For

page_text: this purpose the end of the strip is fed, in the direction of the arrow, Figure 3,
against one of the stops a, the first one for example, if for a short length, or against
any other one of the stops according to the length of strip desired (the intervening
stops being depressed out of the way) whereupon the cutter 6' which is continuously
operated, cuts off successive lengths from the strip which are cast into a receptacle c,
without the operator letting go the butt end of the strip, which is continuously
pressed forward against the stop until the whole strip has been cut up into lengths
as desired.
The lengths are next split to the required thickness by the machine represented
in Figures 4 to 9, which comprises a circular frame upon which are jointed a
number of plane-like cutter heads A whereof the feed rollers are operated by a
series of gear wheels d' from a toothed wheel 2 upon the axis of which is mounted
a circular table d³, both the wheel and table d³ being operated by a spur
pinion d and bevel pinions from the driving pulley shaft do. The cutting
device A consists (a) of a presser wheel e mounted in a holder e¹ which serves as a
guide for the strip of whalebone B against which it is pressed by a spring e²; (b) of
two guide rollers f, f¹, the latter of which is placed close up to the cutter g; (c) of
a bed plate g' and two drawing rollers h, h. The degree of pressure of rollers e, f, f',
and h, h, upon the strip B is regulated by means of a screw i and is produced by
the action of weight C. As shewn more particularly in Figure 8 the whalebone
strip B is introduced between the periphery of the table and roller e by which
it is pressed to expel the moisture and is conducted by the rollers ff¹ to the cutter,
by which a strip B' of the desired thickness is split off and passes along the bed
plate gland between the delivery rollers which discharge it from the machine
while the stock portion B passes to the next splitting device which is similar in
construction and operation to that described and by which another strip of the
desired thickness is split off, and so on in succession.
Whalebone in its natural state is composed of laminæ of a certain length but of
diminishing breadth and is ordinarily cut with the grain whereby considerable
waste is incurred. By the circular machine of this invention, the cutters may be so
mounted as to produce a varying cut whereby to sever the whalebone into as many
strips at the narrow as at the wide end, the strips being, however, wider at one end
than at the other. (See Figures 30 and 31.)
In the modification represented in Figures 28 and 29 the base plate y of the
cutter head A of the whalebone-splitting machine has a slot y¹ in which is fitted to
slide a stud 1 secured by a nut 1' and traversed in the slot by a screw 2. Upon
the end 1× of the stud 1 is pivoted a gib block 3 in which slides a bar 4 upon which
is mounted a second bar 5 both being pivoted upon a pin 8 in a bearing 7 which is
free to turn upon a centre 11, the two parts 4 and 5 being clamped together by a
nut 6. The bar 5 carries a vertical pin 9 which engages in a corresponding hole
made in the slide bar 10 upon which the cutter g is mounted. On the strip of
whalebone B being introduced between the table d³ and guide rollers ff' (Figures 4
to 9) the cutter head A is forced away from said table a distance equal to the
entire thickness of the whalebone, the bar 10 which carries the cutter g also
receding but to a less extent and consequently sliding on the cutter head A. The
extent of movement of bar 10 relatively to the cutter head A depends on the
distance which exists at each moment between the parts 3 and 9 or between 1*
and 9. The distance between the points 8 and 9 is constant if the position of 1 or 3
be regulated by means of screw 2 so that the distance from 3 to 9 shall be equal
to that from 9 to 8.
It is evident that the shifting of the cutter bar 10 relatively to the cutter
head A is half that of the latter relatively to the table d³; thus if the cutter
head A moves ten millimetres away from the table d³ the cutter bar 10 will be
moved five millimetres. The nearer the part 3 is brought to the point 9 the less
will be the motion of the cutter bar 10 relatively to A, it being understood that
the distance of A. from d³ remains the same for a given thickness of whalebone.
In practice it is not possible to indicate the exact distance which should exist

page_text: between part 3 and point 9 in order that the shifting of the cutter bar 10 relatively
to A may be, say, for example, one-tenth of the total thickness of the whalebone
during the whole time of its passage through the machine, as this would depend
upon the position occupied by the cutters y y' which should be regulated according
to the nature of the material to be treated. The exact position to which the
part 3 is brought by the screw 2 depends upon the position of the cutter g and bed
plate g¹.
In order to reduce the strips B¹ so cut, to a uniform width throughout their
length I employ the machine represented in Figures 10 to 16 consisting of a
table in which are formed a number of oblique grooves each having apertures k²
giving passage to feed rollers / mounted on shafts l' each driven by worm wheels 13
from the shaft and driving pulley and each geared by pinions 12, m, with
corresponding upper shafts m', mounted in a frame m³ capable of being raised on a
hinge at m and carrying feed rollers m² pressed towards the lower rollers / by
springs m³.
The whalebone strips are inserted in the grooves and fed by
rollers 1, m², up to the knives n of which there is one in each groove capable of
lateral adjustment by a set-screw n' according to the width of strip desired. In
order to feed the whalebone as close as possible up to the knife, pairs of small
feed rollers o driven through a series of gear wheels o' from the driving shaft 4
are provided, as shewn more clearly in Figures 10, 11, 15, and 16. Owing to the
oblique direction of the grooves k¹.relatively to the planes of motion of the feed
rollers the strips are pressed against the side k² of the grooves, so that on arriving
at the knives they will be cut of uniform width. The knives n being independently
adjustable enables the strips to be cut of different widths in different grooves if
desired.
The whalebone strips are next straightened by means of the machine illustrated
in Figures 17, 18, and 19, which is composed of two parts one for heating and the
other for cooling the whalebone. This machine is to a certain extent similar to
the machine for cutting the whalebone to width, inasmuch as it has a table k
provided with oblique grooves k¹, a lower set of feed rollers corresponding to
the direction of said grooves operated by worm wheels, and an upper set of feed
rollers m² mounted in a frame m³ and pressed on the whalebones by springs m³.
The one part of the machine is provided with a series of gas-jet pipes D placed
transversely beneath the lower rollers and arched so as to simultaneously heat
the upper and lower rollers and also the grooves. The other part of the machine
is similar but of greater length and without any heating arrangement, it being
intended for cooling the whalebone. The strip of whalebone is inserted in the
groove between the first pair of rollers 1 m2 by which it is fed through the
following sets of rollers and so on whereby it is caused to traverse the heated
portion of the machine and is straightened by the action of the successive sets of
rollers which rotate at progressively increasing speeds for the purpose of drawing
and straightening the strips which are rendered supple by the heat and on passing
to the cooling part of the machine the straight form is permanently retained.
Owing to the oblique arrangement of the grooves the strips are constantly pressed
against the sides of the grooves so as to prevent their moving in a zig-zag
direction and assist the straightening operation.
In order to test the strength and increase the flexibility of the whalebone after
it has been straightened, I employ the machine illustrated in Figures 23 and 24,
consisting of a frame p in which is mounted a spindle q carrying a roller q', a
toothed wheel q' and a band pulley 93, the wheel 2 being geared with a toothed
wheel on the spindle of a roller q* mounted in a fork q carried by a stem of and
pressed down by a spring q8 upon roller q'. r, ², 72, 73, 74, are a system of levers
and connecting rods jointed to the frame p at s, s', the fork q" taking under the
lever r.
The lever supports a T-headed frame t in the T-head of which abut-
ments t¹, t, are mounted at a certain distance apart, the frame t being guided by a
cross-rod 3 fixed on frame p, while the arm carries a thrust piece t sliding in
frame t and whose head is situated opposite the middle of the space between the

page_text: 3
r
abutments t¹, t. The whalebone is inserted between the abutments t¹, t2, and the
thrust piece and thence between the rollers 7, 9', by which it is drawn along.
The upward movement of roller q' on the insertion of the whalebone actuates the
lever ŕ and oscillates through link the lever 2 which draws frame t downward,
whilst through link 73 which partakes in the movement of lever r, lever is raised
and with it the thrust piece t. By these simultaneous and opposite movements of t
and the whalebone is bent and whilst in this form is drawn along through its
whole length by the rollers q', q, under which conditions the whalebone if not in
good condition would break whereupon the levers and connections together with
parts and resume the position shewn in Figure 23. The strength of the whale-
bone may also be tested before straightening it, in which case the whalebone
having already acquired a certain degree of flexibility need only be slightly
heated.
After being tested the whalebone is finally scraped or smoothed by means of the
machine illustrated in Figures 25, 26, and 27, consisting of a frame u in which is
mounted the spindle u' of the milling cutter u² driven by the gear wheels u* from
shaft and pulley u. The strip is brought under the action of the milling tool
by two pairs of feed rollers one pair before, and one pair behind, the tool the upper
rollers, being mounted in a yoke v sliding in guides u³ in frame u and guided
by the rods v', whilst the lower rollers 4, 5, are mounted in a frame a pivoted
at x, x, in a forked lever x¹ oscillating on a rod in frame u, a weight 3 (see
Figure 27) being hung on its other end whereby the lower rollers are
pressed up against the whalebone strip. Upon the axis of roller are keyed
toothed wheels 8 and 2' and the latter is driven by a toothed wheel u' on shaft u..
Motion is transmitted from the roller to roller by a pitch chain running on
wheel and on a similar wheel a keyed on the axis of roller, the chain being
put in tension by a pinion and screw 10. The toothed wheels 2, zl, on the
shafts of rollers,, gear with corresponding wheels 23, 4, fast with the upper
rollers v, 2. The whalebone strip E fed between the rollers v', x, is passed
beneath the rotary milling tool and discharged from the machine by the
rollers v², ..
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is―
1st. The herein described processes for the manufacture of "bones" or stiffeners
from whalebone or substitutes therefor of animal origin which consists in suc-
cessively performing the different stages of the operation by mechanical means;
viz. cutting the rough whalebone into strips of the desired length, then splitting
it to the thickness required by means of a circular machine provided with a series
of successively acting cutters by which the whalebone is cut up into strips, then
cutting the strips of a uniform width by means of a machine having a table formed
with oblique grooves provided with cutters, then straightening the strips by
means of a machine which first heats and then cools the whalebone, and then
testing the strength of the whalebone either before straightening it or before
submitting it to the final operation of scraping or smoothing it in readiness for use.
2nd. The machine for cutting up whalebone into lengths, consisting of the com-
bination, with the guillotine bb, of a series of spring-pressed stops a for regulating
the length of the whalebone cut off, substantially as herein before described with
reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3.
"
3rd. In the manufacture of "bones or stiffeners of whalebone by mechanical
means as described, the machine for splitting the whalebone to the desired thickness,.
consisting essentially of a series of cutter heads A in suitable number mounted on a
circular frame d carrying the cutter operating mechanism and the table d³ for feeding
the strip to the successive cutter heads the latter being so mounted and weight
actuated as to ensure the requisite pressure and consequently the feeding and

page_text: drawing action of the rollers acting on the strip before and after it has been split,
substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 4 to 9.
4th. In the manufacture of "bones" or stiffeners of whalebone by mechanical
means as described, the combination and arrangement of parts constituting the
mechanism for automatically adjusting the cutter carrying bar 10 relatively to
the cutter head A, consisting of screw 2, stud 1 sliding on said screw, slide block 3,
link bars 4, 5, pivoted upon a common centre 8, bearing 7 pivoted on centre 11,
and pin 9 engaging in an aperture in slide bar 10, substantially as described and
illustrated in Figures 28 and 29.
5th. In the manufacture of "bones" or stiffeners of whalebone by mechanical
means as described, the machine for cutting the whalebone to a uniform width,
consisting of the oblique guide grooves for the strips in combination with
cutters n and feed rollers 1, m³, arranged relatively to said inclined grooves so as to
act on the strips in the manner described and feed them to the cutters, the rollers
being spring pressed to follow the irregularities in the thickness of the whalebone,
substantially as described and illustrated in Figures 10 to 16.
"
6th. In the manufacture of "bones or stiffeners of whalebone by mechanical
means as described, the machine for straightening the whalebones, by alternately
heating and cooling the same, consisting of the table k provided with oblique
grooves apertured for the passage of the lower set of feed rollers to which a
progressively increasing speed is imparted for feeding the strips between them and
the upper set of feed rollers m², the rollers of both sets in the first part of the
machine being directly heated (but without heating the whalebone) by means of
gas jets and those of the other part of the machine remaining unheated, substan-
tially as described and illustrated in Figures 17 to 22.
7th. The machine for testing the strength and increasing the flexibility of the
whalebones, consisting of the parts t, t1, t2, t, in combination with the vertically-
moving rollers q', q, by which the whalebone is bent more or less according to its
thickness, substantially as described and illustrated in Figures 23 and 24.
8th. The machine for finally scraping or smoothing the whalebone, consisting of
the milling cutter u² mounted between pairs of feed rollers v¹, x, and v², ³, having
vertical movement for regulating the scraping action, substantially as described and
illustrated in Figures 25 to 27.
Dated this 5ty of Ciaronor LAMA
C. SCHORNSTEIN,
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.