matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED ADHESIVE CEMENT. APPLICABLE TO UNITING CHINA, LEATHER, AND OTHER HARD AND SOFT. SUBSTANCES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the-
11th June 1868.-A. communication from abroad by Charles.
Dearborn Peasley, of Biddeford, in the State of Maine, United
States of America..
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lanc, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED ADHESIVE CEMENT.
APPLICABLE TO UNITING CHINA, LEATHER, AND OTHER HARD AND SOFT. SUBSTANCES,"
to be as follows:--
The object of this Invention is the production of a cement applicable -
to uniting in a firm and permanent manner various articles, substances,
or compounds, whether of a hard or soft nature. To make the cement
take, say, one pound of white glue, which soak in soft water till the
glue is dissolved; then add one quarter of a pound of isinglass, and
one quarter of an ounce of pulverized gum arabic, one quarter of an
ounce of gum tragacanth dissolved in water, six ounces of white lead,
one-sixth of an ounce of bleached gum shellac dissolved in alcohol,.

page_text: after which should be added to the whole solution half a pint of alcohol
and one ounce of best glycerine. The cement or mixture thus produced
should be bottled while warm and the bottle afterwards suitably corked
or stopped. Of course the proportions of these ingredients may be
more or less varied, and different equivalents for some of the ingredients
substituted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINE NEEDLES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edwards at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
August 1868.
I, WILLIAM EDWARDS, of Redditch, in the County of Worcester, Shoe
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINE NEEDLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in sewing machine needles used
chiefly for sewing leather, canvas, or other thick or hard material, for the
purpose of enabling the work to be set much closer, that is to say, for
enabling the stitches to be placed in closer proximity to one another
than has hitherto been possible without danger of cutting or dividing
the fabric.
My Invention consists in making the needle of a triangular flattened
form resembling the blade of a penknife, and in forming the eye through
said needle in the widest direction, that is to say, from the back to the
edge instead of making it across in the narrowest direction as hitherto,
the groove for the sewing thread being formed on the thicker edge or
back of the blade-shaped needle. When in the sewing machine the

page_text: needle is placed directly across the line of sewing instead of obliquely, or
in line therewith as hitherto, by which means a much greater number
of stitches may be made in a given space than heretofore without cutting
the work. The needle may, however, be placed obliquely if desired.
Needles of this improved form will also pass more readily through thick
or hard materials, and so facilitate the action of the machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OUTLINE MAPS, CHARTS, PLANS, AND SIMILAR OTHER ARTICLES FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sutcliffe at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th April
1868.
I, JOHN SUTCLIFFE, of Bradford, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OUTLINE
MAPS, CHARTS, PLANS, AND SIMILAR OTHER ARTICLES FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the production for educational purposes of
indelible outlines upon paper, cloth, or other suitable material, having
the surface covered or coated with a preparation of lampblack or other
substance which will receive markings of slate pencil or chalk, and
which markings can be easily rubbed out. These outlines may be
produced by ordinary block printing process, stencil plate, or other
available means, with any suitable pigment or coloring matter.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF WATER-CLOSETS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Rollo at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his. Petition, on the 2nd
March 1868.
I, WILLIAM ROLLO, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF WATER-CLOSETS," to be
as, follows, that is to say :-
This Invention which relates to certain improvements in the arrange-
ment and construction of some parts of water-closets consists. in using-
an air vessel of special construction to which the branch pipe from
the water supply. main pipe is directly connected, and the necessity:
for using a tank or cistern situated at a higher level than the pan.
of the closet is. avoided. The air vessel is. divided into two parts, one-
of which is by preference larger than the other, or in place of. using-
a vessel so divided two air vessels may be employed. The water supply
pipe is connected to a valve box or chest in which is contained a
valve that works over ports or openings; when. the closet is not in
use the water from the main passes through one of these ports.or
openings into the larger air vessel, its effect being to compress: the

page_text: air therein, and when it is desired to flush the pan of the closet,
the valve pull is lifted, thus putting the valve into such position
that the communication between the larger air vessel is closed and
the water contained in it flows out through another port through the
flush pipe, and the action of the compressed air pulls it rapidly into the
pan. At the same time that the valve is in the position last indicated
it opens a port leading into the second or smaller air vessel, so that
during the time the water is escaping from the larger or first air vessel
the supply from the main enters the smaller or second air vessel and
compresses the air therein directly that the valve pull is lowered the
water escapes from the smaller or second air vessel and flows. forcibly
into the pan after the pan is closed, thus producing an additional
flushing action, and ensuring that the pan is always sufficiently sealed
by the water after the valve pull is lowered and the supply from the
larger vessel is cut off..
In the second place this Invention relates to the use of an air vessel
in connection with hopper closets, in which case a single vessel is.
sufficient, the action of the vessel being similar to the larger or first
vessel of the preceding modification need not be herein further set forth.
In place of using slide valves for opening and closing the ports, disc
valves or other apparatus for opening and closing them may be adopted..
AN IMPROVED SEED AND MANURE DRILL, PARTS OF WHICH INVENTION ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hawkes, Frederick
William Spencer, George Spencer, Joseph Stenner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
2nd May 1868.
We, THOMAS HAWKES, FREDERICK WILLIAM SPENCER, and GEORGE
SPENCER, Agricultural Engineers, and JOSEPH STENNER, Foreman, all
of Tiverton, in the County of Devon, do hereby declare the nature of our
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SEED AND MANURE DRILL, PARTS OF WHICH
INVENTION ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS,"
to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in the methods of
delivering seed or manure for agricultural purposes, and consists of a
suitable box or boxes of the desired shape for containing the seed or
manure mounted on a proper frame and wheels with tins, coulters,
levers, and weights of similar construction to those in present use. In
our improved manure box holes are formed in different places in the
bottom of the box or on either side, one or more holes being over one
or more of the tubes which convey the manure to the ground. The
lower part of the manure box being made of wood, iron, or any other

page_text: suitable material, the shape corresponding to the cylinders or stirrers.
In the box we place suitably formed stirrers consisting of cylinders of
any required length or diameter, having projections of any desired
number, size, or shape, which revolve on an axis and so act as to move
the manure in the bottom of the box, stirring no more than is actually
necessary. By our method of placing the stirrers the box may be made
in several compartments thus preventing the contents from shifting on
sideling" ground, and ensuring a regular delivery up and down hill.
These cylinders or stirrers are driven by means of bevil, peg, and worm,
or other gear, or by means of a chain, and are thrown in and out of
work by a simple, arrangement, enabling us to fix the box or boxes
permanently to the frame. The quantities to be deposited being
regulated by means of a slide which is moved backwards and forwards,
and thus increases or diminishes the size of the openings in the box
aforesaid.
The arrangement of the machinery for sowing the seed is as follows:-
A box or any number of boxes is or are placed on the frame or fixed
separately to. the manure, box, or in, any, other, convenient manner; in
this box or boxes revolve one or more cylinders constructed of wood,
iron, india-rubber, or any other suitable material, having on the face of
them projections.of.any required size. or.length to bring-the seed towards
openings provided in. these. aforesaidt boxes, the quantities sown being
regulated by a slide or slides. The cylinder or cylinders of the box or
boxes receiving their motion from the driving wheels. or from the end
of the spindles of the manure cylinders. This Invention is. also.
applicable to the drills or implements used for sowing, corn, grain, and
pulse.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR RETAINING THE OUTER ENDS OF TAPES, RIBBONS, AND OTHER SIMILAR NARROW FABRICS AND PAPER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gervase Marson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th April
1868.
I, GERVASE MARSON, of Eagley, near Bolton, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR RETAINING THE
OUTER ENDS OF TAPES, RIBBONS, AND OTHER SIMILAR NARROW FABRICS AND
PAPER," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the retention of the outer end (which is
ordinarily left unfastened or loose) of tapes, ribbons, and similar narrow
fabrics or paper, and consists in the application and use of metallic wire
or other suitable material or thin plate employed as a binding or
retaining band, cincture, or loop, so bent or formed as to embrace the
loose end of the tapes, ribbons, or similar narrow fabrics or paper, and
also the fold or layer or folds of tape or ribbon beneath such loose end,
so that as the loose end (which projects slightly beyond the said band
or cincture) is pulled to unwind the tape cr fabric the band runs or
slides upon the lower fold or layer and constantly holds the upper layer

page_text: on to the lower, so that wherever the tape is cut the remaining and
projecting end is held close and prevented from unwinding further.
This Invention is applicable to narrow fabrics made up in the form of
rolls, hanks, or laid around cards or boards or in other forms where it
can slide on the lower layer when the upper and outer end is pulled or
drawn, and if desirable the part of the band or cincture in contact
with the outer surface of the fabric may be provided with a roller
revolving loosely thereon to diminish the friction in unwinding.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CASTORS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cobb Bowler at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th November 1868.
I, JOHN COBB BOWLER, of Hale, near Bowden, in the County of
Chester, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CASTORS," to be as follows:
This Invention relates, first, to that class of castors usually termed
"ball castors," and the improvements consist in forming the interior
portion of the cup or socket against which the ball rests of a swivel or
moveable curved piece, the remainder of the socket containing the ball
being rather larger than the ball, which when revolving touches it on the
side opposite to the direction of its motion a little below the center of
the ball; the swivel or moveable top bearing forms a resistance against
the ball in a direction that adapts itself to the varying movements of
the castor.
Secondly, the Invention is designed for the purpose of adapting
castors to furniture, such as "sewing machines" or heavy furniture that
require great steadiness and stability when not being moved.
The improvements consist in adapting inclined moveable surfaces as

page_text: bearings against which the castors are secured; these inclined bearings
are capable of being moved forward simultaneously by means of-screws
or other equivalent when it is desired to move the furniture, the effect of
which is to slightly raise the furniture so as to be supported by and rest
upon the bowls of the castors, enabling thereby the ready removal of
such furniture from one place to another, or when the inclined surfaces
are moved in a reverse direction the furniture will be lowered so as to
rest steadily upon the floor without the aid of castors.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY WHEELS, PISTONS, AND OTHER ARTICLES MADE OF WROUGHT IRON
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hector Auguste Dufrené at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th May 1868.-A communication from Monsieur Benoit Charvet,
residing at Saint Etienne, in the Empire of France.
I, HECTOR AUGUSTE DUFRENÉ, of No. 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris,
and 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Civil Engineer and Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY WHEELS, PISTONS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
MADE OF WROUGHT IRON," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of railway
wheels, pistons, and other articles made of wrought iron, and consists
in employing crude iron taken direct from the puddling furnace and
submitting it to suitable pressure in moulds.
I take from a puddling furnace a certain quantity of crude iron
puddled with care, and I place it in a mould or die made in two parts;
the upper part is then struck by a steam hammer, or pressed by an

page_text: hydraulic press. After this operation I reheat the piece in a suitable
furnace or fire, then I submit it to fresh pressure in a second mould
in two parts, either by means of a steam hammer or an hydraulic
press.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FEEDING BOTTLES FOR INVALIDS AND INFANTS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Thompson, of 11, Aldersgate Street, in
the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FEEDING
BOTTLES FOR INVALIDS AND INFANTS."
Scaled the 15th May 1868, and dated the 30th January 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Thompson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th January 1868.
I, JOHN THOMPSON, of 11, Aldersgate Street, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FEEDING BOTTLES FOR INVALIDS AND INFANTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in feeding bottles
for invalids and infants, and relates to the admitting air to the interior
of an invalid or infant feeding bottle when fluid is withdrawn there-
from. For this purpose I apply to the bottle a small plug of a

page_text: porous material which will permit air to enter the bottle but will
not permit liquid to escape therefrom. The material I prefer to
employ for this purpose is carbon, such as the crust or scale of
carbon formed in the retorts of gas works, but other porous material,
such as wood or cane, might be employed. The plug may be inserted
in a small hole formed through the cap or stopper of the bottle or may
be otherwise applied.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING AND SPINNING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at.
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 23rd June 1868.-A communication from Célestin Martin,
residing at Pepinster, Verviers, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign. Patent
Offices, 18, Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 10,
Sackville Street, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING AND SPINNING WOOL AND
OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," a communication from Célestin Martin, a
person resident at Pepinster, Verviers, in the Kingdom of Belgium,.to.
be as follows:-
The Invention communicated to me relates to a certain improvement
in machinery for carding and spinning wool, and other fibrous materials,
which consists in placing in front of and upon the stripping cylinder

page_text: a little cylinder which is brought as near as possible to the first working
cylinder, in the direction of which it rotates, and which prevents the
fibrous material on the working cylinder being taken off in lumps, but
caused to be so taken off a fibre at a time, and then carried to the
main drum of the machinery.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING OR SCOURING AND DYEING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Petrie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th November
1868.
I, JOHN PETRIE, junior, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING OR SCOURING
AND DYEING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My improvements in washing or scouring relate to that known
description of machine in which the material is raised from the washing
trough by rotating teeth, and delivered towards the further end of the
travelling surface, which conveys it to rollers or other apparatus.
According to the usual arrangement the teeth are caused to perform the
above-mentioned motion by means of inclined pieces acting against a
stop or roller.
My Invention consists in effecting the object by giving motion to them
through cams or wheels, and connecting rods driven from the centre of
motion on which the said teeth revolve bodily or within the frame which
carries the said teeth.

page_text: Another part of my Invention relates to accomplishing the movement
above described, but by a swing or vibrating rake instead of by rakes
revolving on a centre. To accomplish this I mount the rake upon a
frame, to which a reciprocating motion is imparted, but the said rake is
capable of turning upon an independent centre. The material having been
lifted from the trough, a series of wheels causes the said independent
turning of the rake upon its centre, whereby the material is delivered at
the further end of the travelling surface.
Another part of my Invention relates to dyeing vats in which the
material is placed and is subsequently deprived of liquor by being
conveyed to a bag which is then twisted. I propose to apply to the
said trough a travelling surface, upon which the attendant throws the
dyed material, and which then conveys it to a pair or pairs of squeezing
rollers, which thus take the place of the twisted bag. On the outside of
these rollers I propose to adapt a revolving vaned roller to beat away
the material and deliver it in an open condition. I also propose to
mount my above described apparatus upon wheels, so that it may be
moved from one dyeing vat to another.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MATERIAL FOR ENAMELLING IRON SO AS TO PREVENT CORROSION AND, INCRUSTATION
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Oakden and Joseph
Pickin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd June 1868.
We, JOSEPH OAKDEN,. of St. Stephen's, Congleton, and JOSEPH PICKIN,
of Dane Row, Buglawton, Congleton, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MATERIAL FOR ENAMELLING
IRON SO AS TO PREVENT CORROSION AND, INCRUSTATION," to be as follows:-
To a quantity of Dane marle after it has been fused we add an equal
proportion of borax. These materials are ground together and made.
soluble by an admixture of water. The iron is then covered with the.
material and exposed to great heat in a furnace for about a quarter. of.
an hour, when it is thoroughly enamelled..
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF ELASTIC FILLETS, CORDS, OR BANDS TO BOOTS AND SHOES AND OTHER ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Macintosh and William
Boggett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 23rd September 1868.
We, JOHN MACINTOSH, of North Bank, Regent's Park, and WILLIAM
BOGGETT, of Lindsey Houses, Chelsea, both in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE APPLICATION OF ELASTIC FILLETS, CORDS, OR BANDS TO BOOTS AND SHOES
AND OTHER ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL," to be as follows:-
In a Patent granted to us for improvements in boots and shoes, dated
28th March 1868, No. 1065, we described certain methods of applying
elastic fillets as springs in the front of boots and shoes, such as are
usually made with flaps and buttons. Our present Invention consists
in the application of the same kind of fillets to other parts of boots
and shoes as well as the fronts, more particularly as a substitute for
the ordinary side springs.
The manner in which we effect this object is to make a vertical cut
down each side of the boot to the depth of about five inches, and
introduce four or five fillets transversely across the opening between

page_text: the leather and the lining. These fillets will by their elastic action
admit of the boot being drawn on or off the foot, and at other times
keep the openings closed, and be themselves concealed and free from
external wear. The fillets, cords, or bands we prefer are made of india-
rubber threads braided with fibrous materials, as is well known.
Our Invention also embraces the application of such fillets as a means
of fastening gloves and the backs or other parts of trousers and vests,
the novelty consisting in the method of carrying it into effect, which is
done by attaching to each end of the fillet a stud or button, which
being inserted in suitable holes in the glove or garment exerts the
force required for keeping the proper tension according to the strength
of the fillets employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hunt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
July 1868.
I, THOMAS HUNT, of 19, Godolphin Road, New Road, Hammersmith,
in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do, hereby declare the nature
of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS,"
to be as follows:-
These improvements have for their object the solidity of construction,
safety and prevention of escape of the explosive gases at the breech of
the muzzle-loader with the facility of loading of a breech-loader and may
be described as follows:-The gun barrel is made in two separate parts,
one of which consists of a so much of the breech end as will contain the
charge and shot or bullet and which I call the "firing chamber," the
other part is the remainder of the barrel, which I call the "guide
cylinder." The outside of the "firing chamber" towards its rear end is
screwed to fit into a pivot or trunnion nut, the trunnions of which work
in two check plates, one on each side, secured to the rear of the " ' guide
cylinder" and the gun stock; the object of the screw is to insert and

page_text: release the front end of the "
'firing chamber" from the rear end of
the "guide cylinder" and the trunnions enables the "firing chamber"
when so released to partly revolve vertically so that its open end may
be elevated clear above the "guide cylinder" sufficiently to enable the
empty cartridge case to be removed and the gun reloaded. By a side
pressure of the finger or thumb on the wing or projection attached to
the front end of the "firing chamber" the latter makes about one-
third of a revolution and the pitch of the screw is so prepared that the
movement is sufficient to release or insert it from the "guide cylinder"
after which the rear end of the "firing chamber" is depressed until
it disengages the cartridge hammer, which being actuated by a spring
and having a projecting pin which enters the circular hole in the end
of the "firing chamber" strikes out the empty cartridge; the hammer
is then withdrawn, a new charge put in, and the front end of the "firing
chamber" inserted into the "guide cylinder" and by means of the
screw effectually tightened up to prevent any escape of the explosive
gases past the point of junction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE GLASS RINGS EMPLOYED IN SPINNING, TWISTING, AND THREAD-MAKING MACHINES OF THE CLASS COMMONLY KNOWN AS RING AND TRAVELLER THROSTLES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Aikman Morgan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th April 1868.
I, EDWARD AIKMAN MORGAN, of Paisley, in Renfrewshire, North
Britain, Thread Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE GLASS RINGS
EMPLOYED IN SPINNING, TWISTING, AND THREAD-MAKING MACHINES OF THE CLASS
COMMONLY KNOWN AS RING AND TRAVELLER THROSTLES," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in making the glass rings used in ring and
traveller throstles by moulding in suitable moulds instead of by blowing
or otherwise as heretofore, but to the moulds separately considered I
make no claim. The moulds are so exactly formed and fitted to each
other that the rings produced by them are perfectly true. The mould
I make in two portions, an external and internal; the external I join
together in two halves, which I am able to separate from the finished
ring notwithstanding any cavities there may be in it; the internal I
make solid and use as a ram. I pour a portion of the molten glass into
the external mould, and force the ram into it when the ring is formed
perfectly true and fit for work. I am convinced that without a mould

page_text: such as I have described the rings above named cannot be made of glass
so correctly as to be available for spinning, twisting, and thread-
making purposes, inequalities in the rings being fatal to the work and
equally inseparable from hand manufactured articles.
The mould I have above described may be varied according to the
configuration of the ring used, it may be made in such portions as
will produce the varied forms in which they are made, but I regard
as coming under my Invention any glass ring which is made for
spinning, twisting, and thread-making purposes, in moulds of cast iron,
steel, or such other metal or material as will receive and impart an
accurate form to the rings above named. Any excrescences or super-
fluous glass I remove before or after annealing and polish the upper or
working surface.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PUMPS, AND IN MECHANISM EMPLOYED IN WORKING THE SAME
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William George Henry Taunton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 13th February 1868.
I, WILLIAM GEORGE HENRY TAUNTON, of Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PUMPS, AND IN
MECHANISM EMPLOYED IN WORKING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to provide an inexpensive, durable, and
reliable lift pump suitable for use on board ship and elsewhere, so simple
in construction that it can be adjusted should such be necessary
without skilled labour. Within the head of the pump, which can be
cast in one piece or otherwise constructed as desired, I form an annular
space closed at the bottom, and cause to reciprocate vertically therein
the free end of a hollow cylindrical bucket to which the spear rod or
rods is or are attached. The said hollow cylindrical bucket is fitted
with a valve on its closed or upper end which is free to open outwards,
and is provided with a packing ring or packing rings to bear against
one or both of the metal surfaces of the annular space. The passage
or way through which the liquid is lifted is encircled by the said

page_text: annular space, and the "bottom box" is fitted on or near the top of
the said passage or way. To reduce the friction of the water against
the internal surfaces of the pump to a minimum I carry the suction
pipe upwards in a straight-line into the said passage or way. Pumps
now in use can be altered and adjusted in accordance with my Invention
by fitting within the working barrels. thereof a hollow cylindrical
or tapering piece with the bottom valve therein,, and securing a hollow
cylindrical bucket packed preferably on its outer surface to the ordinary
spcar rod. The mechanism to be employed in operating, the said
pumps. consists of a lover working on a moveable fulcrum supported
in a bracket rising frame-wise from the pump head. The said lever is
jointed to the spear rod, and the fulcrum is shifted or moved. by placing
it in apertures in the frame and through the lever at a point nearer to
or further from the spear rod end, so as thereby to increase or decrease
the length of stroke.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING HOURS AND DAYS OR FOR GIVING OTHER NOTIFICATIONS SPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO POST OFFICE LETTER BOXES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 12th December 1868.-A communication from abroad by
Isidore Rollet, of Etrochey, France.
I, CLINTON EDGCUMBE BROOMAN, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman,
and Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agents, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING HOURS AND DAYS OR FOR GIVING OTHER
NOTIFICATIONS SPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO POST OFFICE LETTER BOXES," to be as
follows:-
This apparatus is characterised by the particular combination and
form of movable indicators and by the mode of working them. The
apparatus when applied to letter boxes comprises two turning prisms, one-
of which for carrying the figures to show the hours or times of col-.
lection has a vertical axis, and the other for showing the days of the
week has a horizontal axis. Each prism turns loosely on its axis.
opposite a special opening in the front or plate of the box so that the
indications can be seen from the outside. The prisms might be arranged
to turn in situ and the edges of the openings be bevilled to allow of the

page_text: rotation of the prisms and the fitting of each face in the corresponding
opening; but for reasons herein-after pointed out I modify this arrange-
ment. The letters and figures instead of being borne directly on the
faces of the prisms are on rectangular pieces, which form projections on
the faces; each prism should be cast in one with the rectangular pieces
and characters. This configuration of the projecting pieces has the
effect of exactly filling the openings, so that there is no need to have the
edges bevilled to prevent the existence of spaces or chinks which would
let in dust and rain. But with this arrangement the prisms cannot be
turned in situ, they must be moved back to withdraw the projecting
pieces, for this purpose the spindle of the vertical prism is fixed on a
hinged plate, and the spindle of the horizontal prism is jointed or hinged
at one end, thus by moving the hinged plate and the hinged spindle the
two prisms can be withdrawn to allow of their being rotated to change
the indication. The vertical prism is surmounted by another prism
which acts as a check, the corresponding figures or characters being
diametrically opposite to those of the prism which it surmounts, a lever
with claws when lowered upon the check prism holds the same and the
hinged plate in place. The horizontal prism also carries initial check
letters, which project from enlargements or bosses at the periphery of the
base or end of the prism, and which in turning come before a nib at the
top of the guide of the movable spindle. When this spindle is on its seat
it is held by a hooked lever.
The Invention applies to calendars and to other purposes where a
frequent hange of indications is nommecony
New OR IMPROVED ALBUM OR CASE FOR EXHIBITING A SERIES OF PHOTOGRAPHIC OR OTHER PICTURES, DESIGNS, OR DRAWINGS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Otto König at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
May 1868. A communication from abroad by François Vité, of
Berlin, Prussia.
I, OTTO KÖNIG, of Watling Strect, in the City of London, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A New
OR IMPROVED ALBUM OR CASE FOR EXHIBITING A SERIES OF PHOTOGRAPHIC OR
OTHER PICTURES, DESIGNS, OR DRAWINGS," (communicated to me from abroad
by François Vité, of Berlin, Prussia,) to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in the construction of an album or case to
contain pictures, and especially photographic pictures, in such manner
that all the pictures contained in the album or case shall be successively
exposed to view, and that without the necessity of turning over leaves
or the pictures being subjected to the action of the atmosphere or liable
to get dirty as heretofore.
The album or case consists of an oblong or other shaped frame having
a groove or grooves in the sides and near the lower part thereof in which
a metal frame with clips formed on it is free to slide to and fro. An
india-rubber band or metal spring is connected to this frame, and

page_text: which passes through a slot to the outside of the box. Supposing
the case is intended to contain a series of pictures where only two are
exposed to view at one time, and these side by side, the case is divided
by a partition into two parts or compartments, sufficient space being
left between the lower end of the partition and the bottom of the
case for the passage of a frame in which each photograph or other
picture is placed. The base of one portion of the case is provided with
studs or buttons having springs below them. Now if a picture is
placed in the first compartment and the india-rubber band or metal
spring is pulled by a loop outside the case, the clips on the frame
draw the picture along beneath the partition and on to the spring
studs or buttons, and if there were a series of pictures resting on that
which has been withdrawn the next above drops and occupies the
position of that which was withdrawn. By pulling and releasing
the spring the pictures are thus withdrawn from one compartment
and placed in the other, and by continuing to pull and release the
spring this action will go on until the second compartment is full;
when this is the case a second clip or clips sliding in conjunction
with the lower clips, but at the top instead of the bottom of the com-
partment, seizes each picture as it rises, and as the spring contracts
the picture goes back with it to the first compartment, and so all
the pictures in each compartment are successively exposed to view.
The tops of the compartments containing the pictures are covered with
a sheet of glass.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY WAGON AXLE BOXES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alpheus Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
March 1868.
I, ALPHEUS SMITH, of Litchurch, in the County of Derby, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY WAGON AXLE BOXES," to be as follows:-
Heretofore in the construction of a railway wagon axle box the bottom
of the box (which is required to be made moveable for the purpose of
passing the end of the axle and its bearing into the box) has been fixed
in its place by a bolt or bolts passed across the lower end of the box
through its sides, and also through the side flanges in the moveable
bottom, the side flanges being usually made to fit into the interior of the
box. This arrangement for securing the bottoms of the boxes is
inconvenient and expensive, as the nuts screwed on to the end of the
retaining bolts frequently become loose by friction and the jolting of
the wagon, the retaining bolts work out and the bottoms then drop.
The bottom of the box and the bolts are thus lost and have frequently
to be replaced with new ones.

page_text: In order to obviate this inconvenience and loss, I according to my
Invention form the lower part of the axle box in such manner that
the bottom is slid into its place from the front of the box, a portion
of the front being cut away to allow of this, and the end of the bottom
piece is formed with a front plate which, when the bottom is in its
place, comes against and is level with the front of the box. I form
the two sides of the bottom piece with projecting flanges which slide
into grooves formed in the two opposite sides of the bottom of the
box, and in order that the bottom piece may not by friction and the
jolting of the wagon be caused to work out of its place I form the
flanges at the two sides of the bottom piece deeper at the back than
at the front, and when the bottom piece has been slid into its place
from the front of the box these deeper parts of the flanges come over
corresponding depressions in the grooves so that the bottom drops a
distance and cannot be drawn out of its place without being first
raised. The top of the box I form as usual with a lid through which
the lubricating material is supplied to the box.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lodge at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
November 1868.
I, JOHN LODGE, of Yeadon, near Leeds, in the County of York, Loom
Tuner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the weft forks employed in looms for
weaving for detecting when the weft is used up or broken, and for
stopping the loom accordingly.
The improvements consist, firstly, in connecting each weft fork rod to
the knocking-off lever by a swivel or joint, and applying a bracket to the
breast beam to guide the said fork straight or in a right line when
acted upon.
Secondly. In the application of a spring "brig" or bridge to each
weft fork, race, or recess in the batten or "going part" of looms where
wheel shuttles are used, which "brigs" are lifted even with the surface
of the shuttle race by suitably formed incline plates fixed to the loom

page_text: end, so that the said fork, races, or gaps in the batten or shuttle race are
filled up at the time when the shuttle is passing over, and as the said
going part" moves forward towards the cloth the inclines cease to act
on the "brigs" and the springs act to sink them into the recesses to
pass under the forks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING AND POLISHING KNIVES, FORKS, OR OTHER ARTICLES OR SURFACES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Spendlove Desborough at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th March 1868.
I, SPENDLOVE DESBOROUGH, of Staining Lane, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING AND POLISHING KNIVES, FORKS, OR OTHER ARTICLES
OR SURFACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improved arrangements of apparatus for
cleaning and polishing knives, forks, spoons, or other articles or surfaces
in which oscillating or vibrating parallel rubbing surfaces are arranged
to act in the direction of the length of the knives, forks,, or other.
articles to be cleaned or polished.
For this purpose, according to one arrangement of apparatus con--
structed in accordance with my Invention, I introduce the knives,.
forks, or other articles to be cleaned or polished between two surfaces.
of leather, india-rubber, or other materials, one of which is arranged to
move to and fro (or the two surfaces may be arranged to move to,
and fro in opposite directions).

page_text: Motion is communicated to the rubbing surface by means of straps
or other connections attached to each end of the rubbing surface, the
opposite ends of the straps being attached to the opposite sides of a
drum or segment of a circle mounted upon an axis supported so as to
move in bearings or supports on a fixed plate or frame. A lever or
crank handle is fixed on one end of the axis, by which it is caused
to oscillate, and thus communicate a to-and-fro movement to the
rubbing surface acting upon the knife or other article held between
it and a fixed block of india-rubber or other material. Oscillating
movement may be imparted to the axis and rubbing surface by
means of a treadle, and the holding and rubbing surfaces may be
pressed together by means of a spring or otherwise. The cleansing or
polishing powder or material may be introduced between the rubbing
surfaces from time to time as required, or it may be contained in a
chamber mounted upon the axis or otherwise, so as to be discharged
through a suitable orifice at each oscillation of the axis.
For cleaning irregular or uneven surfaces, such as spoons, projecting
ends of leather or other suitable material is applied to the rubbing
surface.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OR MEANS OF COVERING TELEGRAPH WIRES EMPLOYED UNDER WATER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Green at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
November 1868.
I, ROBERT GREEN, of Ladbroke Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OR MEANS OF COVERING TELEGRAPH WIRES
EMPLOYED UNDER WATER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the covering or encasing of submarine or
other telegraph wires required to pass through water with a metallic
tubing or casing, in order more perfectly to preserve the wires and their
insulating medium from the damaging effects of the water and other
obstructions at the bottom or other parts of the sea or other water.
The Invention consists in adapting and employing an exterior tubular
covering or casing of suitable thickness and strength, which is proposed
to be manufactured of lead or other soft or suitable metal, inside which
covering or tube is enclosed or contained the telegraph wire or wires
covered or surrounded with the ordinary insulating medium of india-

page_text: rubber or other suitable insulating substance, the wires and insulating
material fitting tightly inside the metallic covering or tube.
By the adoption of this Invention it will be found that submarine or
'other telegraph lines or wires passing through water enclosed in such
coverings or casings will occupy much less space and be much more
ductile and easy to lay on uneven surfaces under water than the
ordinary telegraph cables, and will be more durable.
It will be evident that one or more scries of such tubular coverings or
casings may be employed when desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TWISTED OR SPUN TOBACCO, AND IN MACHINERY AND APPLIANCES USED THEREFOR, A PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO THE WINDING OF ALL TWISTED FABRICS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Legg, Millwright and Engineer, of
14, Owen's Row, Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TWISTED OR SPUN
TOBACCO, AND IN MACHINERY AND APPLIANCES USED THEREFOR, A PART OF
WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO THE WINDING OF ALL TWISTED FABRICS."
Sealed the 25th March 1869, and dated the 1st October 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Legg at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st October 1868.
I, ROBERT LEGG, Millwright and Engineer, of 14, Owen's Row,
Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TWISTED
OB SPUN TOBACCO, AND IN MACHINERY AND APPLIANCES USED THEREFOR, A PART OF
WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO THE WINDING OF ALL TWISTED FABRICS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention, which refers particularly to the spinning and winding
of twist tobacco, a part thereof being applicable generally to the winding

page_text: of all twisted fabrics on bobbins, spools, or reels, is accomplished as
follows: The tobacco having been prepared in the usual manner up to
the stage when it has heretofore come to the hands of the spinner, whose
long table and handboard I discard, I deliver the leaves and cuttings
between rollers or other advancing surfaces, the lower advancing surface
being by preference a disc or round table revolving on a vertical axis and
the upper one a conical roller arranged in a suitable manner for delivering
towards a common spinning flyer and bobbin or spool, and in order to
wind the work regularly and compactly on the bobbin or spool so as to
make an almost perfectly cylindrical coiled mass, I use a traversing
motion, the velocity of which is regulated by what I style a differential
movement, an arrangement of driving gear in which the speed of the
driven part is exactly proportioned to the ever varying difference in speed
occurring between two drivers, one of which in this case is the flyer
spindle and the other the retarding bobbin, the degree of retardation
reckoned by revolutions being less as the bobbin fills and its diameter
increases.
The machine for spinning and winding tobacco, of which I have
described the main features, may be driven by hand, or steam, or other
power. The part styled a differential traverse driving movement is
applicable to the winding of all kinds of twisted fabrics on bobbins,
spools, or reels.