IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO LUBRICATING BEARINGS GENERALLY
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Green Gibson, of Cheetham, Manchester,
County of Lancaster, Machinist, and Samuel Berrisford, of Stockport,
County of Cheshire, Machine Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO
LUBRICATING BEARINGS GENERALLY."
Sealed the 15th June 1858, and dated the 16th December 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Green Gibson and
Samuel Berrisford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 16th December 1857.
We, JAMES GREEN GIBSON, of Cheetham, Manchester, County of Lancaster,
Machinist, and SAMUEL BERRISFORD, of Stockport, County of Cheshire, Machine
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO
LUBRICATING BEARINGS GENERALLY," to be as follows:-
This Invention in some respects relates to an Invention for which Letters
Patent were obtained for England by James Green Gibson, on or about the
Twenty-seventh day of January, One thousand eighteen hundred and forty-
nine, and to that part of the said Invention which refers to looms for weaving

page_text: ginghams and other fabrics requiring more than one shuttle, so as a greater
length and more varieties of patterns can be obtained than by that Invention.
Firstly, consists of mechanism or apparatus for regulating the changing of
the position of the shuttle boxes of looms that are used for weaving ginghams,
plaids, checks, and various other fabrics where more than one shuttlo aro
used for such fabrics, and such fabrics requiring either various colours or
various counts or fineness or various materials of weft.
Also, this apparatus is applicable to regulating and putting into operation
mechanism that is used for raising and depressing the warp threads so as to
form a shed when the warp threads form the pattern.
Again, this apparatus is applicable to those looms where two or more rows
or series of holes are used in the cards that act on the needles, and each row
or series of holes in such cards being so arranged so as to produce different
patterns in the same cloth. We use this apparatus for changing the position
of such cards, or for changing the position of the needles, when the position
of such needles are changed instead of the cards.
And also this apparatus is applicable to looms for putting into operation
the variable take-up motions at the proper time when it is required to put
into a given length of the same cloth a greater or less number of picks in
various parts of the cloth.
The apparatus consists of an endless chain that can be so arranged or
re-arranged to suit the pattern required, mounted with variable segmental
step-like projections laid on the chain spirally, with any desired number of
spirals, the said chain to revolve on a species of drum, and traverses laterally
at the same time, the drum and chain to make a portion of a revolution for
any number of picks so required, so as always to bring another part of the
chain opposite the end of what we call the feeling or regulating lever. The
said drum and chain may traverse laterally to any given point, then reverse
and traverse laterally in the opposite direction by means of a right and left
haud screw being cut on the axis of the drum, first one screw and then the
other screw actuating the drum and chain; or the said lateral traverses may
be obtained by any other equivalent. Again, we construct the chain as before,
only the segmental step-like projections are laid circularly on the said chain;
the said chain makes one revolution, then traverses laterally a step, then
makes another revolution, then traverses laterally another step, and continues
to traverse to laterally, step by step, for every revolution, unto a given point;
then traverse laterally step by step in the opposite direction, the chain and
drum also rotating as before, but in the opposite direction, the traversing
motions being obtained by cams or their equivalents. Again, the endless

page_text: chain may mako only a portion of a volution, and then the chain and drum
to traverse laterally step by step any desired distance, then the chain and
drum to make another portion of a revolution, and then traverse laterally,
step by step, in the opposite direction; and so continue to rotate a part of
a revolution for every such change of lateral step by step backwards and
forwards traverse, the chain and drum in this mode must also rotate in the
contrary direction for every revolution of such chain, and the step-like
projections in this mode we lay endway on the links of the chain. We would
here remark that instead of using the endless chain, the drum only may be
used, mounted with our spirally laid on segmental step-like projections, or
step-like projections, to be laid on circularly or to be laid on endways, and
actuated in the modes required, before descrided. Also, instead of using solid-
faced step-like projections, we make holes in them of various sizes, so as to
admit the end of the regulating or feeding lever different depths, which also
produce similar results. Again, instead of using the aforesaid projections we
use holes of various sizes or depths in the drum or in the links of the endless
chain, whichever we use, so as to admit the end of the feeding or regulating
lever various distances or depths. The position of this lever regulates the
apparatus for changing the position of the shuttle boxes, the face of the links
of the endless chain, or the face of the drum may determine the position of
one of the shuttle boxes. We wish it to be understood that each segment
may contain one, two, or more varying heights, and that each height of step
or each depth of hole regulate the position of one of the shuttle boxes, and
according to the number of shuttle boxes used, so will be the various heights
of the steps or the various depths of the holes The actuating of the drum is
by a ratchet wheel or any well-known mode, and we attach this apparatus to
any convenient part of the loom, according to the purpose we intend it for.
It will be seen that we have only refered to the changing of the position
of the shuttle boxes in the description of our apparatus, but it will be clearly
understood by those conversant with looms that the apparatus is applicable for
the various purposes we have herein named.
Having now sketched the governing or regulating or pattern apparatus,
we refer to the subsequent mechanism that is brought into operation to effect
the changes in the position of the shuttle boxes; we shall in our Provisional
Specification refer only to that class of shuttle boxes commonly known as
drop boxes, but which is equally applicable to other kind of shuttle boxes. We
will consider our box to contain three compartments, and the middle compart-
ment to be in operation; when the box is in that position we attach a rod to the
box with a jointed end, the centre of such jointed end extends down to the

page_text: centre of the centre of motion of the slay, and placed as near as possible to
such centre, and is coupled to one end of a double-ended horizontal or other
shaped lever, whose centre works on a stud fixed to the loom side, and on the
other end of the said lever is placed a weight to counterbalance the weight of
the box, so as the least amount of power will be required when the position of the
said box is to be changed; having balanced our box, or nearly so, we attach a
bracket or arm to the slay sword as high up as convenient; such bracket
carries an horizontal shaft, which extends to, or nearly so, to the centre of the
shuttle box. On that end of the shaft under the box we fix an eccentric tappet
or cam, with various elevations, according to the number of shuttle boxes used,
such elevations determine the height of the shuttle box; this cam tappet or
eccentric may act directly under the box, but we prefer a grooved cam tappet
or eccentric with an antifriction roller working in the groove, and projecting a
little bolow the bottom of the box, so as the box cannot vibrate up or down. At
the the other end of the shaft is a wheel which gears into another wheel, which
hns pins or lugs fixed on its sides, which is also attached to the slay sword,
which when put in motion, actuates the other wheel and by that means
changes the position of the cam tappet or eccentric, and the height of tho
shuttle box. In the front of the slay sword opposite the wheel, with lugs on.
is a sliding or moveabl bar of a peculiar shape, with various lengths of
projections attached to the loom side or any convenient part; the position of
such projections are governed by the step like projections on the endless chain,
or the drum, through a series of levers or other mechanism, and if a change is
desired in the position of the moveable bar, it is changed by the pattern
apparatus, and as the slay or batten advances to drive the weft home, the pins
or lugs on the wheel attached to the slay sword comes in contact with another
part of the moveable bar, and gives a certain amount of motion to the wheel
with lugs on, thereby actuates the shaft with the cam tappet or eccentric fixed
on it, sometimes in one direction and sometimes in the other direction, as
required, and by that means brings the desired shuttle into operation. Now it
will be observed by the shuttle box resting on the cam tappet or eccentric,
little or no up and down vibrating motion will be given to the box, whichever
shuttle may be in operation, as the centre of motion or point of suspension of
the shuttle boxes now always oscillate with the slay, and are not now as before
to move through various lengths of fixed leverages, according to the box
in operation, and this is an important point gained in addition to the
balancing or nearly so of the box; as by our Invention, the box may have
always an upwards tendency if required. Now it will bo obvious that other
kinds of mechanism can be constructed for changing the position of the

page_text: elevations on the cams, tappets, eccentrics, or other apparatus that changes the
position of the shuttle boxes, and holds them in the desired position, but what
we believe to be novel and useful is such apparatus oscillating with the slay
when drop boxes are used.
Also we apply a somewhat modified apparatus as the last described, for
changing the position of the shuttle boxes, and holding them in the desired
position to those kind of looms that the shuttle boxes move on a centre or
shaft, and only rotate backwards and forwards, a portion of a revolution or arc,
for which James Green Gibson obtained Letters Patent for England 'on
or about the Twenty-seventh day of January, One thousand eighteen hundred
and forty-nine.
And we also apply a modified apparatus, as the above described, for changing
the position of the shuttles in what is commonly called the circular box.
Secondly, our Invention refers too when any of the shuttles fail to arrive at
their proper destination; at the moveable box side we place two pullies, bowls,
or other shaped guides, mounted on centres, one inserted in the slay, and the
top of that pully or other shaped guide is level with the race board, and the
outer edge of that pully to be as near the drop box as convenient, and
the other pully
or bowl or other shaped guide we attach to the slay sword or
a fixing above the race board, and leaving a sufficient space between the race
board and such pully for the shuttle to pass freely in and out of the boxes
through the shed, the outer edgo of this pully also to be as near the drop box
as convenient. These pullies, bowls, or other shaped guides may be level on
the face, but we prefer a groove in them, something of the shape of the shuttle
tip; the centre of the grooves are placed opposite to the centro of the tips of
the shuttles when the shuttles are in the boxes, and should any of the shuttles
be a short distance out of their boxes when a change of the position of the
shuttle boxes takes place, either upwards or downwards, the tip of the shuttle
so out will enter the groove of one of the bowls, and cause the said bowl to
rotate a little, and so force the shuttle into the box, and therefore prevent
breakage; and we make the top bowl sufficiently large so as to prevent the ⚫
weaver from taking the shuttle out of the top box, when the top box is in its
highest position, and so prevent the weaver from wasting his weft by taking
that shuttle out before the weft is entirely used off, as he often does when the
loom is stopped to supply another shuttle with weft. This apparatus is appli-
cable to other kind of shuttle box looms than drop box looms, with a slight
modification.
Thirdly, our Invention consists in the peculiar construction of apparatus for
lubricating the crank and tappet shaft bearings or other parts of looms. This

page_text: part of our Invention is applicable to other bearings or surfaces generally that
require lubrication; it consists of a receptacle which contains the lubricating
material, to which a species of tubo or semi-tube is attached to each recep-
tacle, which tube has a vibrating motion given to it at any desired period, that
lifts from the receptacle any determined quantity of lubricating material and
conducts it to the bearing. One, two, or more of the said apparatus may be
acted upon simultaneously by hand or by the aid of mechanism at the same
time; also the tube or semi-tube may be so constructed as to convey lubri
cating material to more than one bearing from one apparatus, and that in
different quantities, if required, at or about the same time.
Fourthly, our Invention refers to apparatus for stopping the loom when the
weft ceases to be supplied, and we accomplish this by the following means, or
any modification of the same-Wo allow the reed to havo a little play towards
the back and front of the loom, but it is always pressed forwards to the abut-
ment of the grooves towards the cloth by a spring or springs, or other equiva-
lents; but when the reed strikes the weft homo into the cloth, the power of
the spring or springs are overcome, and the reed recedes to the opposite abut-
ments of the grooves. The apparatus consists of a lever or spring attached to
the slay, acting on another lever or levers also attached to the slay, and osci-
lating with the same when the weft is regularly supplied; the bulk or
substance of such weft, when the reed strikes the weft home into the clotb,
overcomes the spring action against the reed, changes the position of the
above-named levers, and so allows the strap to be kept on the driving pully;
but when the weft fails to be supplied, the action of the levers are suspended
as regards the reed, and one of the said lovers acts on the strap fork or its
connections, and so stops the loom.
Fifthly, in applying an apparatus for firmly securing the reed at the time
such reed is striking the weft homo into the cloth where what is called the
loose reed is used; it consists of giving direct action by the crank or tappet
shaft to a tappet or tappets or other equivalents, which acts on a lever or levers
attached to and oscillates with the slay which acts on mechanism for locking
and unlocking the reed at the required time.
Sixthly, and also for the application of an apparatus for stopping the loom
when any of the links of an endless chain for governing the pattern by shuttle
boxes are deranged. Should any of the said links as the drum revolves be
out of their proper place, such link changes the position of a lever or levers
which operate on the strap lever, and thus stop the loom.
.
Seventhly, our Invention also has reference to the peculiar modes of apply-
ing and constructing self-acting temples, of that class where revolving rollers

page_text: are used at each edge of the cloth, such rollers having pin or needle points or
other kind of points raised above the surface of such rollers, and such points
being intended to enter and hold or distend the cloth to the desired width
whilst such cloth is being woven. We place the inner edge of the box, or
that edge nearest the reed, parallel or nearly so to the said reed as before
used, and we also place the roller next the reed of each box, parallel or nearly
so to the reed, but we do not place the other rollers parallel or nearly so to
the reed as heretofore, but we give the inner ends, or, that is, the ends nearest
cach other, an outward direction from the reed, so as if such rollers were
extended so as to intersect each other, the reed and the axis of such rollers
would form a triangle, and the amount of that inclination we regulate
according to the strength of the cloth to be woven. We use either fixed bear-
ings with a determined inclination or angle given to them, or we construct the
box that supports or carries such rollers in such a manner so as to allow any
desired inclination to be given to such rollers, either by moveable bearings
or by so constructing that part of the box which carries the rollers to move
on a centre, so as to give facilities for changing the inclination or angle
of such rollers; or, again, we give all the rollers an outward inclination, with
the facilities for altering the inclination or angle of such rollers, as before
described, but still retaining the edge of the box parallel to the reed, or nearly
so; or, we likewise also give the edge of the box the same angle as the
rollers, and thereby by applying our rollers in an inclined direction we ob-
tain a greater distending power over the cloth than before. We construct
the body of our rollers, with or without pivots, of what is generally called
hard or horn-like compounds of india-rubber and sulphur, or compounds of
gutta percha and sulphur, or other well-known compounds, which india-rubber
and sulphur or gutta percha and sulphur form the principal part; we construct
a mould or matrix in parts; when such parts are put together the internal
part is of a cylindrical form, of the desired diameters and lengths, both as
regards the pivots and also the barrel or surface part of the roller, and we also
drill or perforate in the matrix or mould as many holes as there is required
points on or in the face of a roller; the holes we make taper, and the widest
side is the inside of the matrix or mould, so as to admit and hold the needle-
like end of the metal needle-like points, and we make the holes all one depth,
or nearly so; we then fill all the holes with the needle-like or other kind of
points, which are longer than the depths of the holes and the extra length pro-
jects inwardly or to the centre any desired length, and when we use metal
centres we then put in our centre. Now having prepared our india-rubber or
gutta percha, or any of their well-known compounds, we prefer using a

page_text: solution of the said compounds; we now fill the remaining part of the mould
or matrix from an aperture with the solution, and when set, this forms a com-
plete roller; we then seperate the parts of the mould or matrix and take the
roller out, which, with a little dressing, is ready for use; or we construct our
rollers in a matrix or mould in the mode or modes abovo refered too, but we
use metal or combinations of metals instead of india-rubber, gutta percha, or
their compounds; or, again, we construct our needle-like points sufficiently
long and pointed at each end, so as one length will make two points, and each
point when the roller is taken from the matrix or mould will project sufficiently
out above the surface of the roller at the opposite sides of such roller.
Eighthly, our Invention has reference to the construction of shuttles which
has for its object the dispensing with what is commonly termed the shuttle cyo
which the weaver generally sucks or draws tho weft through the eye by an
action of the mouth. Also for the better conducting off or the unwinding of
the weft from the tongue of the shuttle, thereby causing the friction or strain
on the weft or thread to be more regular during the unwinding of such weft.
And also in forming ratchet or incline steps or other indentations, circular
or spiral, on the tongue or on the spring or on both tongue and spring for the
better or firmer holding of the cop on the said tongue during the unwinding of
the weft whilst weaving. We substitute for the shuttle eye a curled thread or
other guide attached near one end, and in the recess of the shuttle at that end
nearest to the end of the tongue or skewer, and nearly opposite the centre of
such tonguo for conducting the weft from the cop or bobbin, in as near a
straight line as possible to the centre of the cop or bobbin for the purpose of
equalizing the friction of the weft during the unwinding of the same; and wo
also affix another guide or guides at the same end of the shuttle for the purpose
of increasing the friction and guiding tho weft in a desired direction over tho
end of the shuttle, or instead of applying the last-mentioned guide or guides,
we cut a very narrow open inclined slot or groove at any desired point, any
convenient depth in the side of the shuttle for conducting the weft outside of
the shuttle to about the same depth as when the eye is used, or wo insert au
open guide of metal, porcelain, glass, or other hard material, for the purpose
of resisting the cutting or wearing action of the weft in the said inclined slot
or groove.
Ninthly, and lastly, our Invention has also referenco to equalizing the strain
on the heddles during their elevation and depression; whilst forming the shed
we place a spring or other clastic medium between the heddles and the treddles
or other levers that are applied for the elevation and depression of the same,
or we make the points of connection clastic instead of rigid as before. .

page_text: Finally, in reference to the first part our Invention, we would here remark,
that we can use a disc or other moveable surfaces instead of the endless chain
or species of drum for the various regulating purposes therein above named in
connection with any of our modes for regulating the position of the feeling or
regulating lever for producing the various patterns by such changes.
Also for short patterns we use the well-known endless chain without any
Interal traverse in connection with any of our modes for varying the position of
the feeling or regulating lever for producing various patterns.
And we wish it also to be understood, that we traverse the position of the
feeling or regulating lever for producing the various patterns if desired,
instead of the lateral traverse of the endless chain or drum or disc, or other
moveable surfaces.