matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING AND PURIFYING YEAST
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Fordred at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
July 1871.
I, JOHN FORDRED, of Blackheath, in the County of Kent, Chemist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN TREATING AND PURIFYING YEAST," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object improvements in treating and
purifying yeast. I take fresh brewers' yeast and mix it in a tank or
other convenient vessel with water and then strain it. I next add to
the strained yeast a saturated solution of borax, stirring the mixture
well till it curdles or partially solidifies, and then I press it, thus
removing much of the bitter principle and coloring matter. The
pressed yeast is then returned to the tank or vessel and again mixed
with water and also with borax and pressed a second time. These
operations may be repeated till the yeast becomes white or nearly so.
The traces of the borax are removed by washing the yeast in plain
water.
By my process the bitterness and acidity of the yeast are almost

page_text: Distillers yeast may be treated in the above manner according to my
Invention.
Yeast so prepared is very active, and keeps longer than when in the
raw state, and may be used as a substitute for the more expensive
imported German and Danish yeasts for bread making and like
purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS REGULATORS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Hugh Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd February 1871.
I, RICHARD HUGH HUGHES, of Hatton Garden, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the-said Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS REGULATORS," to be as follows :-
-
The Invention has for its object improvements in gas regulators, and
relates to a novel arrangement of means whereby as the pressure of the
gas varies in the mains the area of the opening through which the gas
is supplied to the supply pipe is proportionately varied, so as always to
prevent the gas being supplied to the supply pipe at a greater or less
pressure than that at which it is desired the regulator should act. For
this purpose I employ a beam or lever mounted on a centre of motion
about the middle of its length, or at any convenient portion thereof. At
one end of this lever I connect a bell or gas receiver open at the bottom,
and at the other end I connect a valve. The bell works in a chamber
filled up
to a given level with water. Into the interior of this bell or
gas receiver, above the level of the water, I lead a comparatively small
pipe from the main, and into another chamber I conduct the main, and

page_text: form the end thereof into a valve seat, with which the valve is capablé
of acting. The supply pipe is fixed to this last-mentioned chamber.
The action of the regulator is as follows:-As the gas issues from the
pipe into the bell or gas receiver it acts upon such bell to cause it to rise
or fall in the water, and thereby to lower or raise the valve in relation
to the valve seat, so as to increase or reduce the area of the opening
through which the gas issues to the supply pipe. If desired, instead of
employing a bell acting in water as above described to operate the lever,
a flexible diaphragm may be used instead, as will be well understood,
and instead of employing a valve and valve seat a cock may be employed
in lieu thereof.
This Invention is applicable for a single burner, or for a number, or it
may be used in connection with an ordinary meter, or at a gas station,
to regulate the pressure of gas supplied to the mains.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HORSES' BITTS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Vincenzo Count di Tergolina
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 22nd September 1871.
I, VINCENZO Count DI TERGOLINA, of 35, Bernard Street, near Russell
Square, in Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HORSES' BITTS," to be as follows:-
Near each end of the part of the bitt which goes inside the horse's
mouth is a ring moving on a swivel, each ring being fixed to a flat
plate which goes (one on either side) outside the horse's mouth; and on
the outside of each plate, projecting from it at right angles is a ring
to which the rein is fastened by another ring or fastening.
In case a curb is used the plates may be prolonged downwards on
to the lever of the curb, so as to prevent the curb being mastered by
the horse.
In case it is desired to add to the gentleness of the bitt the plate

page_text: may be rounded outwards on that part of its circumference which is
nearest to the rider or driver.
In case it is desired to add to the power of the bitt, this can be done
by increasing the projection from the plate of the ring to which the
rein is attached by another ring or fastening.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Watson Turnpenny, Michael
Atkinson, and Thomas Davy at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 7th November 1871.
We, WATSON TURNPENNY, of Bradford, in the County of York, Joiner
and General Model Maker, and MICHAEL ATKINSON and THOMAS DAVY,
of the same Place, Overlookers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the picking apparatus, and our object is to
avoid or prevent the oil or other lubricant which is required to be applied
to the picker spindle being thrown upon the warp or the fabric under
process of weaving by the action of the picker. We accomplish this
object by removing the said picker spindle from the interior of the
shuttle box and fixing it to the back thereof outside the said box,
and we attach a shank or shackle of metal or other material to the
picker to pass through a slot cut or formed in the box back and to fit so
as to slide on the spindle, and the part of this shank or shackle which
fits on the spindle is formed with a chamber to hold tallow and oil or
other lubricant, which may be introduced either alone or absorbed in
some fibrous substance, and we enclose or apply a cover to the spindle

page_text: so as effectually to prevent the escape of the lubricant therefrom upon
the warp or fabric. Also we may apply another spindle to the front
of the shuttle box, and another shank to slide thereon attached to the
picker, so that it will be carried on two spindles, if desirable, or one
spindle to the front only may be used.
A NEW OR IMPROVED WHISK OR MIXER FOR EGGS OR EDIBLE COMPOUNDS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William James Schlesinger
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 3rd July 1871.-A communication from abroad by Joseph
Dixon, of the City of New York, in the United States of America.
I, WILLIAM JAMES SCILLESINGER, of Union Court, Old Broad Street,
in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "A NEW OR IMPROVED WHISK OR MIXER FOR EGGS OR EDIBLE
COMPOUNDS," a communication to me from abroad by Joseph Dixon, of
the City of New York, in the United States of America, to be as
follows:
-
This Invention relates to a new or improved construction of whisk
or mixer for eggs or edible compounds, the object being to dispense
with direct rotary action, and to substitute a rising and falling motion
combined with expansion and contraction of the agitator.
In order to effect these objects I propose to construct a compound
helico-spiral spring of steel wire, coated with zinc or other suitable
material to preserve the same from rust or the influence of the articles
operated upon. This spring may however be of other metal, and should

page_text: be formed of coils varying in diameter from the point to which the
apex of the spring is connected to a vertical handle extending above
the surface of the mixing vessel. Thus the first coil may be of small
diameter, the next scries increasing and decreasing, and ultimately the
coils may still further increase, and finally decrease till the last extremity
of the wire being flattened and cut with a slot is passed beneath the
head of a stud, button, or screw, fixed to the bottom of the vessel, and
on each side of its stem, whereby it is held from vertical motion, thus
permitting the handle to be raised and depressed in order to mix the
ingredients contained in the vessel. When the eggs or edible liquids
and materials are thoroughly mixed the handle is slightly turned so as
to withdraw the slot of the spring from the stud, and thereby remove
the handle and spring entirely, the contents may then be poured off by
a lip or spout on the edge of the receptacle. When the handle and
spring are again required for use, the slot is simply turned on to the
stud or screw.
Now the action of this whisk is as follows:-Pressure being applied
to the handle, the series of coiled springs are collapsed and forced
downwards through the ingredients to be mixed, and the upper coil
may of course be forced through the under series of coils to the bottom
of the vessel, then also the other coils receive a proportionate motion,
and it is evident that each coil will expand and contract by pressure
and self-upward spring, and thus a lateral and vertical mixing action
combined is effected avoiding all turning motion, bevel gearing, or
bearings. It is likewise to be borne in mind that the handle being
free to oscillate, the motion will be variable in so far as the line of
descent and ascent, thus again the motion of the spring will be made
more variable, and the mixer will be rendered more efficient.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Newby at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th August
1871.
I, JOHN NEWBY, of Hull, in the County of York, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS AND SHOES,"
to be as follows:-
66
According to my Invention I make heels for boots and shoes in one
piece instead of building them up piece upon piece as usual; the heels
are moreover made without stitches or nails and attached to the boot
whole, in the manner herein-after described. I make the heel preferably.
of leather known as sole butts," which is first well soaked in water and
then hardened by rolling. The leather thus prepared is next cut of the
desired size and well wetted in warm glue water, after which it is
placed in a mould and pressed to the shape of a heel by means of a
former. The heel when dry thus forms a shell which is to be filled with
a heated composition consisting of pulverized leather, gutta percha,
pitch, and resin, which when cooled forms a solid filling for the heel.
The bottom of the heel is then faced with leather by nailing a top piece
thereon to form the wearing surface, and the heel is lastly sized and
enamelled before being attached to the boot or shoe.

page_text: In order to secure the heel thus made to a boot or shoe I slightly
cut away the sole around the back end to receive the heel which fits
thereon. The adhesive composition above mentioned is first softened by
igniting a paper covering applied thereon and the heel then pressed into
its position, it being further secured by a screw put through the sole
from the inside of the boot. Heels moulded in the manner described
are applicable to walking, dancing, dress, and other boots and shoes,
and whether old or new.
AN IMPROVED STAMP RECEPTACLE AND INDICATOR
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Apperly at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
September 1871.
I, JAMES APPERLY, of Dudbridge, in the County of Gloucester,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED STAMP RECEPTACLE AND INDICATOR," to be as follows :-
The chief object of this Invention is to provide a means for
arranging and giving ready access to the different kinds of postage
stamps now in use for prepaying letters having a home and foreign
destination.
To this end I provide a series of pockets so arranged in a case that
when the case is opened all the pockets will be presented to view, the
one standing a little distance above the other. The mouth of each
pocket may be closed or not as désired with a lappet. These several
pockets I intend to receive stamps of a different value, and I so arrange
them that the space for the stamps will increase in size according as
the denominational value of the stamps decreases. At or near the
mouth of each pocket I denote the kind of stamp contained therein,

page_text: and the weight of letter or package such stamp will frank. Thus when
the weight of a package is ascertained, the stamp of the required value
may be immediately selected without reference being required to any
book or table of rates.
The case may be formed as a pocket book or it may be made of
rigid materials and fashioned so as to stand on the writing table, and
presenting when open the several pockets to view; I propose to imprint
on the case the rates of postage for foreign countries. A pocket may
also be provided for receipt stamps.
By a similar arrangement to that described I propose to facilitate
access to the stamps required for English or foreign bills of exchange,
marking on the pockets the stamp rates required by law for bills of
different characters and values.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COMPOUNDS SUITABLE FOR STREET AND OTHER PAVEMENTS
Year: 1871

page_text: i
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bunning and John
Chapman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 12th September 1871.
We, HENRY BUNNING, of Plough Wharf, Deptford, in the County
of Kent, Manufacturer, and JOHN CHAPMAN, of Grosvenor House,
Greenwich, in the County of Kent, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
COMPOUNDS SUITABLE FOR STREET AND OTHER PAVEMENTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the production of an extremely hard
and durable substance suitable for street and other pavements. For this
purpose we form a mixture of pulverized or crushed granite or both with
pitch or other bituminous substances, and with or without the oxide of
lead or other metallic oxides.
In manufacturing the improved compound from the above-mentioned
materials the pitch or other bituminous substances is heated in a
caldron to a heated state, when the granite and oxide of lead or other
metallic oxides are gradually added thereto and stirred together until
.

page_text: sufficiently mixed to form when cold a hard and durable substance for
pavements, buildings, and other purposes.
The constituent proportions of the mixture may advantageously be
one part of pitch or other bituminous substance to four parts of the
pulverized and crushed granite, or either, and a thirty-second part of the
oxide of lead or other metallic oxides, which proportions will be found
to ensure the essential qualities of great tenacity, cohesion, and strength.
If in any stage of the preparation the combination of the materials is
found to be either too hard or too soft for the purposes required, then a
more or less quantity of such material used must be employed according
to their respective qualities.
IMPROVE. MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM PLOUGHS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Miles Rainforth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th July 1871.
I, JOHN MILES RAINFORTH, of Dishforth, Thirsk, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM PLOUGHS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of
turn-over ploughs actuated by direct action traction engines and which
turn round at the headlands.
The main part of the plough consists of a wrought-iron frame which
is constructed in sections, the beams which carry the ploughshares and
mould plates being interchangeable, so that three, four, or five sets
thereof can be used at one time, the remainder being above and giving
their weight to those which are in work. The frame which carries the
ploughshares is fixed on to a round shaft which by means of spur and
pinion arrangements which gear into a toothed segment. The toothed
segment is fixed to a separate frame which is placed at the fore part of
the plough. A band wheel is so placed in connection with the gearing,
as will be well understood, that the attendant in charge of the plough

page_text: and who is seated behind can easily turn the frame over together with
the ploughshares and mould boards. At each end of the before-
mentioned frame which carries the segment is fixed a slide block and
screw for raising and lowering the ploughshares to their proper depths,
and on the said blocks are fixed the travelling wheels which are arranged
to slide so as to suit the width of furrow. The travelling wheels work
on a centre, and by means of a lever, chain, and pulleys are brought
together and taken to the hinder part of the plough. The plough is
steered and turned round at headlands by means of a pulley shaft and
hand wheel by the attendant. At the hinder part of the plough is
fixed a rotary wheel which is arranged to slide up and down by means
of a combination of a worm, a wheel, pulleys, and chain.
AN IMPROVED DOOR FASTENER
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Collins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd May
1871.
I, FREDERICK COLLINS, of Chelmsford, in the County of Essex,
Ironmonger's Assistant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED DOOR FASTENER," to be as follows, that is to
say :-
The object of this Invention is the construction of an improved
fastener whereby a more efficient means of securing the doors of apart-
ments and houses from within is obtained, especially adapted for the
use of travellers and tourists.
This improved fastener consists of an oblong plate or strip of wrought
iron or other metal with its ends turned at right angles in opposite
directions; one of its ends is formed with a chisel edge, the other end
having a tapped hole for a thumbscrew to work in. This oblong plate
or strip is furnished with a plate slotted so as to allow it to work on the
.'

page_text: oblong plate. To this moveable plate the end of the thumbscrew is
loosely rivetted, so as to allow of its being moved backwards and
forwards by turning the thumbscrew; one side of the moveable plate
is provided with a flange.
AN IMPROVED SEWING MACHINE NEEDLE SETTER AND THREADER
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Moore Clements at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd July 1871.
I, JAMES MOORE CLEMENTS, of 101, New Street, Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SEWING MACHINE NEEDLE SETTER AND
THREADER," to be as follows:―
My Invention is chiefly designed to afford the means for threading
sewing machine needles with quickness and certainty, and it consists
| in an apparatus constructed in the following manner:—
The said apparatus has a body of brass or other suitable metal formed
with a groove to receive either a straight or curved needle and provided
with a flat spring to hold the needle in the said groove. A taper hole
is formed in the body, its small end meeting the part of the groove
where the needle eye is to be placed, and a slit is made from this hole
outward to allow the thread to be removed therefrom after the needle
has been threaded. The said spring is made to open and close to permit
the removal and insertion of the needle.

page_text: The aforesaid body is a flat piece of convenient shape and size to be
held in the hand, and is formed with a small projecting piece through
which the taper hole is bored. The flat spring is secured on the body
by small screws or rivets, and is arranged to bear upon the needle in
such manner as to secure it firmly when the same is placed in the
groove. The needle eye must be placed accurately opposite the taper
hole, and I may either make one edge of the flat spring serve for
indicating the correct position of the needle cyc or I may use a small
pointed spring arranged to enter the eye when the same is properly
adjusted, this small spring being moved clear of the hole when the
needle is secured by the flat spring. The latter is provided with a
projecting piece behind the screws or rivets, which is depressed to open
the apparatus for the admission or removal of the needle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES FOR CONSUMING SMOKE
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Smith and Edmund
Leech at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 8th September 1871.
We, SAMUEL SMITH and EDMUND LEECH, both of Rochdale, in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature and object of our said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES FOR CONSUMING
SMOKE," to be as follows:-.
This Invention relates to the furnaces of steam boilers and is intended
to effect the perfect combustion or consumption of the smoke and gases
evolved from the fuel, and to economize considerably the fuel employed.
At the back end of the fire-bars and in front of the ordinary bridge
we form a wall or false bridge of fire-brick about eighteen inches thick,
and considerably lower than the former, leaving an air space or chamber
of about six inches between it and the ordinary bridge, communication
being left open between the said air space and the ash-pit. The top of
this air space is provided with bars of iron or with a grating or per-
forations to allow the air to enter the furnace between the two bridges

page_text: and mingle with the gases and smoke so as to assist their combustion at
this point. We form the true bridge also of fire-brick about nine inches
thick, carrying it up higher than usual and leaving a curved or crescent
shaped space between it and the inside of the flue for the flames and
gases to pass through. The effect of this arrangement will be that the
whole of the smoke and gases will be consumed, and consequently a
considerable economy in the amount of fuel required will be effected.
A NEW OR IMPROVED LIQUID METER
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bell Muschamp. at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd September 1871.
I, JOHN BELL MUSCHAMP, of Kensington, in the County of Middlesex,
Paper Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED LIQUID METER," to be as follows (that is to say) :—
This Invention relates to a new or improved liquid meter for
measuring and recording the flow of liquids of any description, such
for example as water, oil, and spirits; and the following is a description
of a simple form of meter constructed according to this Invention :-
The case or body of the meter consists of a vertical cylinder with a
horizontal partition or division plate of suitable thickness at or about
the middle, and with the top and bottom ends provided with covers
suitably affixed so as to render the whole an enclosed vertical cylinder
of two chambers, the supply pipe leading to the upper chamber; and
the outlet pipe from the lower. This said partition has formed in it
in a diagonal direction any required number of borings or water ways
for the passage of the liquid to be measured from the upper to the

page_text: lower chamber for the purpose herein-after described, and is made
perfectly smooth on its under surface so that a revolving disc or valve
herein-after described may work freely thereon, the water or other
liquid acting as a lubricant. This disc is attached to a vertical spindle
loosely supported in suitable bearings, and is made buoyant, so that by
keeping the lower compartment of the cylinder full of liquid, which
may be always assured by having both the sectional area of the inlet
pipe and the sum of the sectional areas of the said diagonal borings
greater than that of the outlet pipe, it (the disc) will be kept firm
against the under side of the said partition whatever be the pressure of
the liquid within the meter, and as the streams of the liquid to be
measured pass from the upper to the lower chamber through the said
diagonal borings they impinge on the vertical sides of cavities formed
radially around the periphery of the upper surface of the said revolving
disc, and thereby impart to it a rapid rotary motion; and as the said
cavities are charged and emptied in each revolution of the disc a definite
number of revolutions will always be made for a definite quantity of
water passed through, and thus if the vertical spindle of the said
revolving disc be provided with suitable counting and recording
mechanism the quantity of liquid passing through the meter may thus
be registered.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING BOOT AND SHOE LACES OR OTHER SIMILAR PRO- DUCTIONS AS REQUIRE CUTTING INTO STRIPS OUT OF LEATHER OR OTHER SUITABLE MATERIAL, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR:
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Weston at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th August
1871.
I, GEORGE WESTON, of Flat Street, in Sheffield, in the County of
York, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING BOOT AND SHOE LACES OR OTHER SIMILAR PRO-
DUCTIONS AS REQUIRE CUTTING INTO STRIPS OUT OF LEATHER OR OTHER SUITABLE
MATERIAL, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR:
"
-
The purpose of my Invention is the application of machinery to the
cutting of boot and shoe laces and such other similar productions as
require cutting into strips out of leather or other suitable material.
The nature of my Invention consists in,-
First. The fixing together of a number of knives or cutters in such
positions as are required by the width of the article to be produced,
the cutters to be either circular or pointed, and made either to travel
over the material to be cut, or the material to be drawn under or over
the cutters by suitable mechanical contrivances.

page_text: Second. The fixing together at suitable distances of a number of
cutters of the required length to form a bed of their cutting edges, upon
which to be cut is placed, and over which a roller is made to pass and
by pressure cut the material into the required strips, or the whole bed
with the material upon it to be made to pass between a pair of rollers
and by pressure cut through the material.
Second. The fixing together at suitable distances of a number of
cutters of the required length to form a bed of their cutting edges, upon
which to be cut is placed, and over which a roller is made to pass and
by pressure cut the material into the required strips, or the whole bed
with the material upon it to be made to pass between a pair of rollers
and by pressure cut through the material.
Third. The employment of a pair of serrated or indented rollers
between which the material is made to pass and thereby slit into strips.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM PUMPS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Walker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
February 1871.
I, WILLIAM WALKER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM PUMPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to steam pumps, and consists principally of an
arrangement of apparatus whereby the piston of the steam cylinder
acting at each end of its stroke against a pin fixed in a cored piston
valve and projecting into the cylinder causes the said valve to slide in
one direction or the other, and thus admits steam behind a solid piston
fixed on the end of the spindle which carries the slide valve; and this
steam acting against the solid piston changes the position of the slide
valve immediately, and thus effects the return stroke of the steam piston,
which then comes against the other pin and reverses the operation.
At one side of the cylinder I have a small supplemental cylinder in
which works a cored double piston valve, which takes steam through
the centre and exhausts round the outside. Screwed into this piston
valve are two pins (one near each end) passing through slots into the

page_text: interior of the steam cylinder at right angles to its centre line. Steam
and exhaust passages at or near each end of this supplemental
cylinder lead in a diagonal direction into two cylindrical chambers, one
at each end of the valve box, and in these chambers work two solid
pistons, one fixed at each end of the spindle which carries the slide valve.
The slide valve which I prefer to employ is a midfeather valve taking
steam from the underneath.
The action of this arrangement is as follows:- - When the steam
piston arrives near to the end of its stroke it comes against one of the
pins above-named, moving the hollow double piston valve in the same
direction, and causing it to admit steam into the cylindrical chamber at
one end of the valve box behind the solid piston, thus forcing the piston
(and with it the slide valve) in the same direction as the steam piston
is travelling, steam is thus admitted in front of the piston and the
reverse action takes place; and so on alternately. The solid piston in
the cylindrical chamber at the other end of the valve box, allows the
steam to pass through the exhaust opening into the main eduction
passage for a portion of its stroke, and then the piston closes the opening,
and the steam "cushions" for the remainder of the stroke. The pump
cylinder is placed at one end of the steam cylinder and in a line with
it, and the piston of the pump is fixed on the same rod as the steam
piston, so that the pistons move simultaneonsly and have the same
length of stroke.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR CUTTING TYPE, AND CARVING, MOULDING, PLANING, AND ORNAMENTING WOOD, STONE, METAL, AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William John Cunningham at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 2nd September 1871.
I, WILLIAM JOHN CUNNINGHAM, of 480, Oxford Street, in the
5 County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR CUTTING
TYPE, AND CARVING, MOULDING, PLANING, AND ORNAMENTING WOOD, STONE,
METAL, AND OTHER MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements upon an Invention for which
Letters Patent were granted to myself and Alphonso Dabb, dated
June 22nd, 1870, No. 1776, for "Improvements in Means and Apparatus
for Cutting Type, and Carving, Moulding, and Ornamenting Wood, Metal,
Stone, and other Materials." My present improvements are intended
for enlarging and reducing the objects under operation by using two
separate sliding tables working from one moveable pivot, also in
raising and lowering the back centres of the machine to allow the

page_text: tool to descend in a perpendicular direction. Instead also of moving
the stationary tool or tools I move the stationary table when desired.
Also in the use or employment of an arm or bracket on the bed of the
machine for carrying a tool for planing the mouldings, similar to that of
a planing machine.
IMPROVEMENT in Lamp Shades
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gooderham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
June 1871.
I, JOHN GOODERHAM, of Kingsland, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENT
in Lamp Shades,” to be as follows :—
My Invention relates to an improved construction of lamp shade,
consisting of an open metal framework to hold transparent pictures so
that they may be readily removed and replaced. I may make the
shade of octagonal or polygonal form in plan, open at bottom to fit
over the lamp globe (if any), and with a conical top, having a collar
to fit on the lamp chimney and sustain the shade, or it may be other-
wise supported. The frame consists of a number of vertical pillars,
placed one at. each angle and united at top and bottom by double
cross bars, formed by an inner and outer band of thin metal running

page_text: around the shade, between which the ends of the pillars are fixed. The
pillars are also of thin metal grooved or rebated to receive the trans-
parent plates, which are introduced at bottom between the double band
and retained by bending up the lower edge of the outer band.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Howard at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
September 1871.
I, JAMES HOWARD, of Bedford, in the County of Bedford, Agricultural
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to improve the construction of that
class of ploughs which turn the furrow slices all in the same direction,
and it refers more particularly to the plough for which I obtained
Letters Patent bearing date 3rd February 1869, No. 339. In.con-
structing such ploughs to take two or more furrows I propose to
dispense with the handles described in the Specification of the said
Patent;
and in order to steer the plough I make the axles or standards
of the wheels free to move in socketed bearings on the carriages, and by
means of an elevated lever handle fitted to the wheel carriage and
extending to the rear of the plough the ploughman is enabled to guide
the implement in its coursc.
bearing in the carriage, and is free to turn therein to bring either set of
ploughs to the ground and into action as desired.
The forward end of the beam has its

page_text: The turning over or reversing of the ploughs may be accomplished by
rolling the ploughs over on their breasts or mould boards, or the beam
may be fitted at the side with a swivelling bow piece extending from
near the sole plate of one plough to near the sole 'plate of the opposite
plough. This bow piece at its crown may carry a turn plate or table,
which as the plough is rolled over to bring the uppermost ploughs to the
ground, will facilitate the movement of the ploughs, to bring the shares
into the proper line for work.
To bring the set of ploughs which have been out of action into work,
as is required upon arriving at the end of the field, the plough is to be
turned over sideways, and the bow standing at that time at right angles
to the beam the plough will roll on it until the sole plates of the
elevated ploughs and brought to the ground. The swivelled bow is now,
by means of a rod or lever extending to the rear of the beam, brought
into a position parallel with the beam, which position it retains while
the plough is in action.
In rear of the plough bodies is an antifriction wheel mounted on the
beam, and of such diameter as will ensure its running in the furrow and
taking the bearing pressure of the plough whichever set of ploughs is in
action.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEARING AND CLIPPING APPARATUS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wallen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd May
1871.
I, Thomas WaLLEN, of Coventry, in the County of Warwick, Watch
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEARING AND CLIPPING APPARATUS," to be as follows, that
is to say :-
My Invention refers to improved means for imparting the necessary
to-and-fro movement to the cutting teeth or shears. By preference
I form the lower series of teeth or cutters rigid, & secured to a plate
attached to a handle for guiding the apparatus over the surface to be
sheared or clipped. Upon the guide plate is secured a standard or
standards, in which is mounted a revolving cam, disc, wheel, or plate
having a cam groove cut thereupon, and actuated by a driving handle
at the side. In the cam groove works a stud attached to a lever or arm
extending to the cutting end of the apparatus, where it is secured to the

page_text: upper cutting plate or series of shears; thus the revolving action of
the cam will impart the necessary to-and-fro movement to the cutters
or shears, which may be caused to traverse with great rapidity and with
very little manuel exertion.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Graddon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
February 1871.
I, JAMES GRADDON, of South Moulton, in the County of Devon,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to heat the feed water of steam boilers
by means of the heat which passes through the flue tubes so that the
feed water shall be supplied to the boiler in a highly heated state, and
thereby a considerable economy of heat will be effected. To this end
the feed water from the tank is forced by the pump into and through a
pipe made of copper or iron and bent in the form of a vertical scroll
which is placed in the fire box and is supported in front of the flue tubes
as now used. This vertical scroll tube is secured to an horizontal
bar by means of small clips. Small horizontal tubes are screwed into
the vertical scroll tube for the purpose of conveying the water through
the centre of the boiler tubes or flues into a copper reservoir placed in
the upper part of the ordinary smoke box, and which acts as a tank or

page_text: open receiver of the water after it has been boiled, and from thence the
boiling water is forced into the boiler by means of a pump. All steam
is made to escape from the tank through a tube placed at the top of the
tank, thus preventing all pressure from steam or otherwise on the small
tubes or scroll.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOATS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Bell Cook at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
December 1871.
I, ISAAC BELL COOK, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the County of
Northumberland (Chemical Manufacturer), do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOATS," to be as
follows:-
The object of the Invention is to construct boats in such manner as to
enable rowers to get a long stroke with facility. For this purpose I
construct a boat with one or more sliding seats, that is to say, with seats
capable of being slidden to and fro.
In carrying out my Invention in one arrangement each seat may be
constructed double, that is to say, it may consist of an upper piece or
seat capable of sliding to and fro to the required extent on or in guides
formed on an under piece or frame.
I proceed to describe the mode of performing the Invention:-The
seat is formed of two portions. a lower or fixed nextion and
135 A

page_text: moveable portion. The lower portion of the seat is a fixture or attached
to the body of the boat. On this seat is fixed a block or piece having
on its upper
side a groove
of dovetail or other convenient shape intended
to form a guide way. The upper or moveable portion of the seat is of
less length than the lower or fixed portion. It has a flat or concave
surface at top, and on the under side it is formed with a feather or
projection of shape corresponding with that of the groove in the lower
portion of the seat, into which it engages so as to be capable of sliding
to and fro therein. The rower sits on the upper seat or portion of the
seat, and as he moves his body to and fro the seat slides with him to a
regulated extent, and thus he is enabled to take a longer stroke and to
pull with greater ease and quickness than if he sat on an ordinary fixed
seat.
IMPROVED MEANS FOR COPYING LETTERS AND OTHER DOCUMENTS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Max Hesse at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
September 1871.—A communication from abroad by Julius Marx,
of Leipzig, Saxony.
I, MAX HESSE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MEANS FOR COPYING LETTERS AND OTHER DOCUMENTS," (being a
communication to me from abroad by Julius Marx, of Leipzig, Saxony,)
to be as follows :—
The object of this Invention is to afford a ready means of copying
letters and other documents without the use of pads, and without
brushes for wetting the leaves of the copying book or other similar
appliances usually employed.
The Invention consists principally in using for such purposes a sheet
of waterproof woven material which is wetted and squeezed or wrung
out to the proper state of dampness. This is then laid on one side
of a leaf of the copying book, and the letter or other document written
in copying ink is laid on the other side, the surface to be copied facing

page_text: the sheet. The book is now placed in an ordinary copying press, and a
slight pressure will produce the desired effect. The pressure may of
course be produced in any other suitable manner.
As many damp sheets as may be required can be used at one time,
and there will be no necessity for wetting the paper, nor for the use of
oil sheets, as usually employed.
The sheet having been once damped will retain a sufficient amount of
moisture for copying for a considerable time, and many copies may be
made without again damping it.
I prefer to employ a fine cotton woven fabric, such as jacconet made
in a double texture, that is two thicknesses united by the waterproof
cement, and to use as the latter a solution of india-rubber, but other
kinds of woven fabric made waterproof by other means if capable of
retaining a considerable amount of moisture would answer the same
purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATION AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Amos at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th August
1871.
I, JAMES AMOs, of Ashford, in the County of Kent, Miller, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
VENTILATION AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a mode of and means for ventilating or
carrying off the unpleasant effluvium from what are known as closed
cooking ranges when cooking, also for ventilating open boilers or
heating vessels from which noxious effluvia are evolved during the
processes of boiling or heating; it is also applicable to carrying off
the vapours from drying chambers, and the vitiated atmosphere from.
apartments or buildings.
=
= =
In applying the Invention to cooking ranges I place over the usual
or other damper or dampers at present provided for carrying off the
effluvium in the arch or cover of the space immediately above the range,

page_text: a pipe or pipes to be carried say eight to ten feet up the ordinary
chimney flue, the height and diameter of such pipe or pipes varying
however with the size of the cooking range; in addition to this pipe
there is or are formed one or more separate registers in the arched cover
plate, the object of these being to afford facility for passing the usual |
chimney sweeping apparatus up into the chimney for affording access to
the several existing flues at the back of the range, and for cooling the
chimney when the range is not in use by allowing a plentiful supply of
cool air to enter therein. By placing a pipe over the ordinary register
aperture I am enabled to open such register and allow the effluvium to 1
pass freely into the chimney up the said pipe without interfering with the
draught of the range. A chamber or cavity may be formed just under
the arch by fitting a front plate or hood thereto, of about three or four
inches in depth, varying however with the size of the range; the object-
of this chamber or cavity is to catch any large volume of steam or 1
effluvium which may be suddenly generated on the heated top of the
range and allow it to pass off in its own time up the pipe and into the
chimney, in lieu of allowing it to escape into the apartment.
In applying this Invention to a set of open boiling vessels, such for
example as are used in tallow melting, I place a hood over the boilers, 1
which hood opens at the top into an annular flue surrounding the
chimney shaft; the said annular flue may be carried up separately to
any required height, or may communicate with the interior of the
chimney at any elevation, as may be preferred. The heat from the
chimney creates a draught up the hood and annular flue which effectually 2
draws off the effluvia from the boiling vessels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VENT PEGS OR VENT PLUGS FOR BARRELS AND OTHER CLOSED VESSELS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Cole at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
October 1871.
I, THOMAS COLE, of the City of Coventry, in the County of Warwick,
Licensed Victualler, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENT PEGS OR VENT PLUGS FOR BARRELS AND OTHER
CLOSED VESSELS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
vent pegs or vent plugs, whereby they are made very simple in con-
struction and efficient in action.
I make the body of the plug by preference of boxwood or other hard
wood, the said body being cylindrical but tapered at bottom to facilitate
its fitting into vent holes of different sizes and furnished with a head at
top. A hole is made in the axis of the body, the said hole extending
from the bottom to nearly the top. A short distance below the head a
lateral hole communicates with the hole in the axis of the body. Upon
the cylindrical body of the vent peg or plug I place a short tube or
tubular piece of vulcanized india-rubber or other clastic material, the

page_text: said tube being of such a diameter that it grasps the body with a gentlo
pressure, but is capable of being moved up and down the body; a
metallic clip consisting of a strip of metal bent nearly into the form of
the letter U is employed as a holder, by means of which the tube of
india-rubber can be readily moved. This clip has a hole in each of its 5
arms and is placed upon the body of the peg by passing the peg through
the said holes, the tube of india-rubber having been previously placed
between the arms of the holder. The tube of india-rubber and clip are
thus put on the peg at the same time, the ends of the said tube being
enclosed or embraced between the arms of the clip.
.
1
In using the vent peg after it has been fixed in the barrel the clip is
raised or moved towards the head of the peg so as to bring the india-
rubber tube over the lateral hole in the peg; this is the normal
position of the clip and tube. An excess of gas in the barrel or vessel
escapes by pressing the tube so as to partially raise or move it from the 1
lateral hole. When the air in the barrel or vessel is of less pressure
than the atmosphere and liquid will not flow from the barrel or vessel,
on opening the tap the clip is depressed or moved from the head of the
peg till the lateral opening is uncovered, when air rushes into the barrel
by the said lateral opening and the liquid runs from the tap. With 2
respect to any excess of pressure in the barrel or vessel the vent peg is
self-acting.
7.