Fluvial Propulsion or for Aerial Navigation.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 1st June, 1886.
Complete Left, 1st Mar., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 31st May, 1887.
or Fluvial Propulsion or for Aerial Navigation.
I ARTHUR CHARLES HENDERSON of 46 Southampton Buildings Holborn in the
county of Middlesex Patent Agent do hereby declare the nature of the said invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW PROPELLERS OF VESSELS, APPLICABLE TO MARINE OR
FLUVIAL PROPULSION, OR FOR AERIAL NAVIGATION :―
The object of this invention is to accelerate the speed of screw propelled vessels.
The blades of the screw forming the subject of the present invention occupy a
position directly opposed to that of the ordinary screw, they are placed and arranged
so as to occupy a position tangentially with their central boss, and eccentrically with
their axis of rotation.
The boss from which these eccentric blades spring is not circular in any one of its
parts, it may be eliptical or triangular according to whether 1. 2. 3. or
blades are
employed.
Each blade forms a regular curve or arc of a circle, a parabola, or hyperbola, whose
base is tangential with the surface of the boss from whence it springs, having its
centre comprised in the perimeter described by the screw.
One of the sides of each of the blades is in a plane parallel with the axis, that
opposite to it is in a plane perpendicular with the first, and the third being in a plane
with the periphery of the case covering the screw.
An increase of motive power is obtained by the use of this screw equal to abovo
that produced by the ordinary screw, so that the diameter of this screw can be reduced
by so much as compared with the diameter of the ordinary screw, and in proportion to
the speed desired to be obtained.

page_text: This screw may be composed of a single piece of cast or forged motal, or the blades
may be screwed, riveted, bolted, or otherwise fixed to the boss the whole or parts
thereof being constructed of one or of different metals coated or not with an enamel
of some sort.
It may be placed at the head, stern or sides of the vessel and may be used in
conjunction with the counter blades for which a Patent was secured the 19th July
1883 No. 3,548, in this case the observations therein expressed are here applicable.
These counter blades which occupy a fixed position opposed to those of the screw
blades and outside them, when used in conjunction with the scrow the subject of this
invention should be about 17 degrees in width and the 30th of the diameter of-the
screw blades, the space between each being about twice their length.
They should be placed in a perpendicular plane for receiving the effects of
propulsion arising from the check given to the water drawn in by the screw, the
opposite plane should incline towards the inner surface of the surrounding case, which
latter may be connected to the vessel in any manner that may be convenient or suitable
to the position, occupied by the screw and counter blades.
The same arrangement is applicable to aerial navigation, the screw and its accessories
being used as a direct propeller to balloons to carry them against the wind.
This screw possesses the properties of suction and force far more developed than in
any analogous appliances hitherto employed, and the action is simple and efficacious,
the speed of rotation of the screw as applied to vessels is maintained at 10 metres a
second above that of the progressive motion of the vessel without producing slips or
racing so common with the ordinary screw propeller.
Dated this 1st day of June 1886

page_text: Improvements in Screw Propellers of Vessels Applicable to Marine
or Fluvial Propulsion or for Aerial Navigation.
I ARTHUR CHARLES HENDERSON of 46 Southampton Buildings Holborn in the
county of Middlesex Patent Agent do hereby declare the nature of the said invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW PROPELLERS OF VESSELS, APPLICABLE TO MARINE OR
FLUVIAL PROPULSION, OR FOR AERIAL NAVIGATION, and in what manner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying drawings. A communication to me from abroad by
Auguste Desgoffe, and Leonidas de Georges, Engineers, both of Odessa in the
Empire of Russia :-
The object of this invention is to increase the speed of vessels by a novel construction
of propeller to which it is intended to give the name of the "Excentroptères.”
The blades of the screw forming the subject of the present invention are placed in a
manner directly opposed to those of the ordinary screw, they are fixed and arranged so
as to occupy a position tangentially with their central boss, and out of the centre with
their axis of rotation.
The boss from which these eccentric blades (Excentroptères) spring is not circular
in any one of its parts, it may be cliptical or triangular, according to whether 1. 2. 3
or 4 blades are employed.
Each blade in its sections forms a regular curve, or are of a circle, a parabola, or
hyperbola whose base is tangential with the surface of the boss from whence it springs,
having its centre comprised in the perimeter described by the screw.
An increase of motive power is obtained by the use of this screw equal to above
that produced by the ordinary screw, so that the diameter of the excentroptères can be
correspondingly reduced in accordance with the speed required. It can be used in
conjunction with the counter blades for which a Patent was secured on the 19th July
1883 No. 3548, in this case the observations therein contained are here applicable.
These counter blades are placed or occupy a position round those, of the propeller and
are placed in a direction opposed to them their angle of inclination being about
17 degrees, and their depth being about the 30th the diameter of the screw blades.
The excentroptères used in conjunction with these counter blades adds an additional
force to the propelling power of the screw equal to that produced by the eccentric
blades used alone.
The inventor describes this screw as possessing the same properties of suction and
force as a pump. The suction orifice is the surface of entry of the water in front of
the excentroptères, which surface is restricted by the envelope or case surrounding the
counter-blades and which may be connected to the vessel by any convenient method,
it protects the screw from the swell invariably produced at the stern of all vessels
which would have the effect of counteracting the efficacy of the screw, thus protected
the excentroptères draws or sucks the water from the mass reaching it, at a speed

page_text: equal to 10 metres above that of the vessels progressive motion, without slips or
racing.
One of the edges of each of the blades is in a plane parallel with the axis, that
opposite to it is in a plane perpendicular with the first and the third is determined by the
peripheric plane corresponding to the surface surrounding the screw. The uniformity
of the mediate parts of the blades of the screw causes an equal suction of the water
throughout, and prevents the formation of hollows, or cones in the water, inherent to
screw propellers. In a three bladed screw the surface covered by the three projecting
blades is equal to the whole of the open spaces separating the blades.
The outline form, dimensions, thickness and curve of the blades as well as their
number may vary in part, or wholly, according to the diameter of the screw.
The distances apart, or spacings at which these blades are placed on the boss, may
be irregular, and in this case equilibrium is preserved by counterweighting.
This screw may be composed of a single piece of cast or forged metal, or the blades
may be screwed, riveted, bolted, or otherwise fixed to the boss, the whole or parts
thereof being constructed of one or of different metals coated or not with an enamel of
some 'sort.
The same arrangement is applicable to aerial navigation, the screw and its
accessories being used as direct propellers to balloons, to carry them against the wind.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings is a propeller of the description referred to,
seen from the forcing side or face (face foulante).
Fig. 2 being a view from the suction side or face (face aspirante).
Fig. 3 is a side view of the same.
Fig. 4 is intended merely to show the position this screw would occupy at the head
or stern of a vessel as used in conjunction with the counter blades above mentioned.
Fig. 5 shows this propeller at the stern of a vessel minus the counter blades.
Fig. 6 represents a single blade of parabolic form.
Fig. 7 shows the propeller at the stern of a vessel without the counter blades as seen
in an oblique direction.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what.manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
1st. The construction of screw propellers whose blades are in form of parabolic or
hyperbolic curves, and so arranged on the boss as to occupy a position tangentially
with it, and eccentric with their axis of rotation, the boss from which the blades spring
being either eliptical or triangular, according to whether 1, 2, 3 or 4 blades are
employed.
2nd. The construction of such propellers for use in conjunction with the counter
blades herein referred to, as forming the subject of a former patent.
Dated this 1st March 1887.
A. C. HENDERSON.