IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ART OF AND MECHANISM FOR SETTING TYPE
Year: 1885

page_text: I ARTHUR WILLIAM LOVELL REDDIE of the Office for Patents 6 Bream's
Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent do hereby
declare the nature of the invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ART OF AND
MECHANISM FOR SETTING TYPE," to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a method of and mechanism for setting type in which
the matter to be composed is first indicated upon a ribbon or strip of paper or
similar material by signs representing the different types, "spaces" &c.; the
ribbon thus prepared being afterwards used to control the type selecting
devices, thereby making the operation of the type setting mechanism entirely
automatic.
This invention embraces various improvements in the method of setting type
and in the mechanism by which the method is carried into practical operation, and
it also includes a method of correcting and justifying the composition upon the
ribbon before the same is used to operate the type selecting mechanism.
To aid in a ready understanding of the invention, the principal steps or
operations involved in putting the same into practice will be first briefly described,
after which the mode of procedure will be more fully explained in connection with
the accompanying. drawing.
In setting type according to the present invention the matter to be put in type
is first indicated upon a ribbon or strip of paper or similar material, of suitable
width to be conveniently manipulated by transverse rows of signs, preferably
perforations, each of which rows represents one of the types, "spaces or quads to
be set; the particular type &c being determined by the positions of the perforations..
The number of signs in each row may be the same or it may vary. That is to say,
some of the types, &c, may be represented by a single sign, and others by
combinations of two, three or more signs, but, as will be hereinafter explained, it is
preferable that the same number of signs should be used for each of the types, &c.,
and that this number should be three; and also that the number of possible signs
in each row upon the ribbon should be ten.

page_text: For the purpose of enabling the composition to be justified upon the ribbon, the
rows of signs are separated from each other by spaces proportioned to the running
thickness of the types, &c which they represent.
By reason of this proportionate spacing, the proper points for dividing the
composition into lines can be readily ascertained by the use of a suitable scale or
measure, so that it becomes practicable to make the proper justification of the
composition before it is put in type. For this purpose therefore, the ribbon 'after
the necessary corrections have been noted by the proof reader, is taken by the
justifier who makes such corrections, either by making additional rows of signs to
represent types, &c, to be added or by eliminating (by erasing, covering, filling or
otherwise) rows of signs representing improper types, &c., or both. The justifier
then, by the use of a suitable scale or measure, divides the composition into lines
of the proper length, making due allowance, of course, for the changes just made,
and makes at the proper points rows of signs representing the "spaces," &c which
must be inserted to fill out short lines, or eliminates rows of signs representing
spaces," &c, which must be removed to shorten, long lines, or both. When the
"
"
end of a line comes between two words, the row of signs representing a "space
placed there by the compositor in the preparation of the ribbon, must be
eliminated. When a word is divided, at the end of a line a row of signs
representing the hyphen will, of course, be inserted and properly allowed for in the
justification. At the end of each line a row of signs representing a special quad is
inserted, which quad serves as will hereinafter appear, to indicate the line divisions
when the matter is put in type.
The ribbon thus prepared may be used to control the operation of the type
selecting mechanism, but in order to permit the setting mechanism to operate
uniformly and at its maximum speed it is necessary, as will be hereinafter
explained, that the rows of signs upon the operating ribbon be uniformly spaced.
The ribbon, therefore, after having its matter corrected and justified is reproduced
with its rows of signs uniformly spaced, and this reproduction is used to control
the type-selecting mechanism.
It is, of course, apparent that the rows of signs may be evenly spaced upon the
ribbon in the first instance, and this ribbon used for controlling the type selecting
mechanism, the composition being corrected and justified after it is in type in the
usual manner, but it is preferable that the correcting and justifying should be done
upon the ribbon.
In operating the type selecting mechanism the ribbon prepared as described, is
advanced beneath the ends of a series of feelers located in an electric circuit, and so
arranged that the signs upon the ribbon produce electric impulses or combinations
of impulses corresponding in number and variety to said signs, which impulses are
transmitted through suitable connections to a selecting mechanism which acts upon
the principle described in the specification of Letters Patent in the United
Kingdom dated 30th August, 1881 No 3780 and permits or causes the types,
spaces" &c, to be ejected from their respective reservoirs in the order in which
they are represented upon the operating ribbon, thus making the operation of the
type setting mechanism entirely automatic.
$$
The method of procedure will be more easily understood on reference to the
accompanying drawing in which
Fig. A shows a portion of a ribbon or strip of paper upon which the composition
has been indicated by transverse rows of signs separated from each other by
spaces proportioned to the running thicknesses of the types &c, which they
represent.
Fig. B shows the same after the composition has been corrected and justified;
and
Fig. C shows the same after it has been reproduced with uniform spacing and is
ready for use in operating the selecting mechanism.
Referring first to Fig. A, it is to be understood that V represents a ribbon or
strip of paper or similar material, of suitable width to be conveniently manipulated,

page_text: upon which the matter to be put in type is indicated by transverse rows of signs,
each of which rows represents one of the types, "spaces
" &c to be set. These
signs may be made in various ways, but preferably consist of perforations as shown.
in the present case, and they will, therefore be termed perforations in the following
description. These perforations may be made in the ribbon with a punch operated
by hand, but in order to make the system most practicable for business purposes
it is of course desirable that this operation should be performed mechanically.
This can be done by an apparatus similar to some of those used for preparing the.
ribbons used for automatic telegraphy.
It will be observed that the ribbon V is divided into ten longitudinal fields or
spaces, as indicated by the longitudinal lines, and that each of these spaces is
adapted to receive one perforation upon each transverse line, so that the possible
number of perforations in each of the rows is only ten, which is, of course, very
much less than the number of types, including "spaces," &c, which it is necessary
to indicate upon the ribbon. This deficiency in the number of perforations is
compensated for by providing that each of the types, &c, instead of being
represented by a single perforation,-the particular type being determined by the
position of said perforation with relation to the edges of the ribbon-shall be
represented by a combination of thrée perforations,-the particular type being
determined by the positions of said perforations with relation to each other and to
the edges of the ribbon. By this system the ten possible perforations afford, by
proper permutation, a-sufficient number of different, combinations to represent all
the types, &c, required.
It is, of course, apparent that it is not absolutely necessary that combinations of
three perforations should be used, as by using a ribbon of sufficient width, each of
the types, &c, might be represented by a single perforation. This, however, would
make the number of parts, both in the perforating and the type setting mechanisms
so great as to make these mechanisms unduly expensive, complicated and cumber-
some. Combinations of two perforations might also be used, but even this would
increase. the number of parts beyond what is desirable. It is also apparent that,
even when only ten possible perforations are used, as in the present case, some of
the types, &c, might be represented by single perforations others by combinations
of two perforations, and the remainder by combinations of three perforations.
This however would be undesirable as it would make the action of the mechanisms
irregular.
It has been found best, therefore, in practice, to have all of the types, &c.
represented by three perforations, as by using this number in combination a
sufficient number of different combinations can be formed to represent all of the
different types, &c required, by the use of as few as ten punches, feelers, selecting-
plates, &c; while by having the same number of perforations in all of the com-
binations, uniformity of action in the mechanisms is secured. By using combinations
of four or five perforations the number of punches &c could be still further reduced,
but this would lead to other complications which would be undesirable.
In order that the composition may be justified upon the ribbon V, it is, of course,
necessary that the length of ribbon occupied by the perforations representing a line
of matter should be just equal to, or bear some determined relation to, the actual
length of said line. If it were otherwise it would, as will readily be seen, be
impossible for the justifier to ascertain by an inspection of the ribbon, the exact
amount of matter which is required for each line. To accomplish this end, the rows
of perforations are so distributed along the ribbon as to be separated from each
other by spaces proportioned to the running thicknesses of the types, "spaces," &c,
which they represent. That is to say, the perforations representing a type of
a given thickness are allowed twice the space which is allowed to those representing
a type of one half such thickness, and so on through all the variations in the
thickness of the different types, "spaces," &c used. The spaces allowed to the
rows of perforations may be exactly or substantially equal to the thicknesses of
the types, &c, represented, or, if the type is large, the spacing, while being

page_text: .
proportioned to the types, &c may be less than their actual running thickness.
When ordinary type is used it will, however be found best to make the spacing
upon the ribbon considerably greater than the actual running thicknesses of the
types, &c represented, as by so doing sufficient room will be left for making
corrections, &c. This proportionate spacing is readily accomplished by providing
means in the machine with which the ribbon is prepared, for giving an irregular
feed to the ribbon as the perforation progresses.
. The ribbon V is also provided with a series of small marks, indentations or
perforations v, located along its edge and corresponding in number and position to
the rows of perforations which are made upon or in the ribbon at the same
time with the said perforations, by a small supplemental marker or punch
provided for that purpose. The purpose of these marks or perforations will
presently appear.
After the composition has been indicated upon the ribbon V, as just described,
and is shown in Fig. A it is taken by the proof reader who indicates upon it the
necessary corrections in the usual manner. After this has been done the ribbon is
taken by the justifier who makes the corrections noted by the proof reader, either
by inserting rows of perforations to represent types, &c which have been omitted,
or by eliminating (by covering, filling or otherwise) rows which represent improper
types, &c, or both, as indicated in Fig. B in which the row of perforations
representing the letter has been covered and a row representing the letter t
inserted. After the necessary corrections have been thus made, the justifier, by
applying a suitable scale or measure, which is graduated with reference to the
proportionate spacing on the ribbon, to the line of marginal marks v, is enabled
after making due allowance for said correction, to determine the exact points at
which the composition must be divided to form the lines for the column or page.
At the end of each line thus ascertained, a row of perforations representing a large
low quad, which will serve to indicate the line divisions after the matter is in
type, will be inserted, as indicated at the right of Fig. B, and lines of perforations
representing "spaces" which must be inserted to fill out short lines will be added
at the proper points; or lines of perforations representing "spaces" which must be
removed to shorten long lines will be eliminated, or both, as indicated by the
insertion of the five em
" space "after the word "Munson's." When it is
determined by the justifier that the end of a line shall come between two words,
the row of perforations placed there by the compositor in the preparation of the
ribbon, to represent the ordinary "space must be eliminated. Whenever it is
necessary to divide a word at the end of a line, a row of perforations representing
the hyphen will of course be added and properly allowed for in the justification.
At the end of a paragraph the compositor will leave a considerable blank space
upon the ribbon, and in this space the justifier will insert the necessary rows of
perforations to indicate the "spaces" or quads which must be inserted to fill out
the last line of the completed paragraph and to make the indent of the first line of
the following paragraph.
"
When the matter to be composed is printed "copy "which it is desired to
reproduce line for line, exactly like the original, the compositor in preparing the
ribbon, will at the end of each line of the "copy" simply insert the row of per-
forations representing the low quad; and then the justifier will only have to put in
the proof reader's corrections and justify the lines already marked off for him by
the compositor.
The rows of perforations which it is necessary to make in the process of correcting
and justifying the composition, may be made by hand or by a perforating mechanism
similar to that with which the ribbon is prepared and which I term the compositor's
machine. The ribbon feeding mechanism in the justifier's machine will of course
be different from that of the compositor's machine, or will be entirely dispensed
with, and the former will be provided with means for making the rows of
perforations required to represent those "spaces," &c not used by the compositor.
This machine may also be provided with mechanism similar to that shown in the

page_text: United States Re-issue Letters Patent No 6,832, by which the strips of paper for
covering the superfluous rows of perforations can be applied.
After the composition has been corrected and justified, as shown in Fig. B, the
ribbon Vinay be used for controlling the type setting mechanism, but if it is so
used the unequal distances between its rows of perforations will cause the setting
mechanism to operate irregularly and thus prevent said mechanism from performing
the maximum amount of work. To obviate this difficulty the ribbon V is used
as a pattern from which a second ribbon W is produced having exactly the same
perforations arranged in the same order, except that the rows, instead of being
irregularly, are uniformly, spaced as shown in Fig. C, and this second or reproduced
ribbon is used as the operating ribbon.
This reproduction like the preparation of the original ribbon may be accomplished
by hand punching, but it will preferably be performed by mechanism similar to that
employed in automatic telegraphy.
The operating ribbon W thus prepared is led from a reel or other suitable
support to a feeding roll and is passed between said roll and a series of spring
feelers equal in number to the possible perforations in each transverse row upon
the ribbon, which bear gently upon its upper side, with their ends in such position
as to pass through the perforations and come into contact with the roll when
permitted.
In order to ensure the positive and accurate feeding of the ribbon, it may be
provided, in addition to the perforations indicating the composition, with one or
more longitudinal rows of feeding perforations which will be engaged by suitable
sprockets upon the feeding roll. These perforations will be made at the same time
the ribbon is reproduced.
The feeding roll is driven by gearing which is so proportioned and arranged that
the ribbon will be advanced a distance equal to, or somewhat less than the distance
between two of its transverse rows of perforations during each revolution.
The feelers are insulated from the frame of the machine and are connected by a
series of wires with one pole of a series of electro-magnets corresponding in number
with the feelers. The feeding roll which is of conducting material is also insulated
from the frame of the machine and is connected by suitable wires with the
opposite pole of said magnets, the circuit thus formed being provided with suitable
battery power.
The armatures of the magnets are mounted upon the ends of a series of pivotted
levers the opposite ends of which are connected to a series of selecting plates
corresponding in number to the magnets and arranged to operate upon the principle
set forth in the specification of Letters Patent No 3780 of 1881, hereinbefore
referred to.
These plates are arranged side by side in a casing the front and back sides of
which are provided with perforations corresponding to the type pushers, but the
perforations in the selecting plates are so arranged that, when said plates are
in their normal positions no opening will be formed for the passage of any one
of the type pushers, but that by moving certain of said plates an opening may
be formed for the passage of the desired type pusher, different plates being moved
to permit the passage of the different pushers.
The composing case and apparatus for conducting the types from said case to the
composing stick are of substantially the construction described in United States
Letters Patent No 174,901 and will need no detailed description. It may, however
be said that the case contains a number of type channels provided at their lower
ends with openings corresponding to the openings in the plates through which the
pushers enter the channels to eject the types, &c., and with openings through which
the types &c., as they are ejected, pass to the channels of the guiding apparatus to
be conveyed to the composing stick.
The type pushers are supported in grooves in a bed plate in which they move
freely, and are provided at their rear ends with extensions which move freely in
openings in a cross bar which receives a forward and back movement.

page_text: '
At each backward movement of the bar all of the pushers are withdrawn and
forced against a series of springs which are secured to a fixed portion of the
frame work.
The bar is provided with a series of forwardly extending spring pawls and each
pusher is provided with a notch which normally lies directly beneath the end of
its pawl.
When a pusher is in its retracted position the pawl which at its end is wider
than the pusher will ride up and be held out of engagement with the notch.
As the types, &c are ejected from their channels they pass into channels formed
in a tilting platform mounted upon a shaft journalled in the framework and as
soon as the selected type is ejected into its channel, this platform is tilted to
discharge said type into the proper channel of the guiding apparatus.
The selecting plates are provided at one end with coinciding openings through
which passes a bar mounted upon spring-arms and carrying one of the contact
points of a circuit closer the opposite contact point of which is mounted upon a
bracket secured to the frame of the machine. The circuit in which this closer is
located includes an electro magnet the armature of which is attached to a lever.
Whenever any one or more of the magnets is or are energized so as to move any
one or more of the selecting plates the points are brought together so as to close
the circuit through this magnet thereby energizing it and causing it to draw the
lever downward so as to disengage a projection and stud and re engage a pawl with
a ratchet.
Means are provided for preventing a second reciprocation of the selected type
pusher, in case the selecting plates should not retire in time to break the circuit
through the magnet, before the proper moment arrives.
As the successive types, &c are ejected from the composing case, they pass
downward in the conveying channels of the guiding apparatus and are deposited
one after another in the composing stick the line of types thus formed being
gradually moved forward to make room for the incoming types, by the line pusher.
This line pusher is operated only when a type has arrived in front of it and
immediately after the arrival of the said type in the composing stick. This
is effected by clutch mechanism and so soon as the electro-magnet thereof is
energized, the line pusher will make its forward and return motion, and then be
automatically arrested.
After the selected pusher has caused a type to be ejected, said type will have
just enough time to pass down into the composing stick before the line pusher
begins to operate.
To avoid the necessity of stopping the operation of type-setting during the brief
period of time when a line is pushed into the galley the line pusher is made
yielding, so that several types may be pushed forward in the composing stick
while the whole line remains stationary. To effect this the pusher is made in two
parts which telescope.
By means of this arrangement its front part will yield in the event of meeting
undue resistance and allow the mechanism to continue to operate without danger
of breaking.
If at any time the type pusher should move forward without a type being in
front of it, the feeding of the operating ribbon and the type-setting, will be
automatically arrested.
The mechanism by which the line of composition in the composing stick is put
into a column or page form consists essentially of a galley arranged at the end of
the composing stick and a column pusher arranged opposite the open end of said
galley. The side is bevilled to present a sharp edge at its forward end. The
opposite side is made adjustable so as to capacitate the galley to receive any
desired width of column or page, and is provided with a slightly elastic and
yielding facing so that it may accommodate itself to lines which are slightly in
excess of the proper length, it being slightly curved at its front and so as to readily
receive such lines,

page_text: The composing stick is provided at its end with adjustable extension pieces one
of which is attached to one side of the galley and the other to an adjustable stop
by means of which the length of the stick will be varied so as to conform to the
different adjustments of the side of the galley.
The galley is also provided with a yielding follower which supports the head of
the column or page and prevents the types from falling out of their places in the
lines.
The column pusher is mounted upon and operated by a rod but is so secured to
said rod as to be capable of an endwise movement and is provided with a spring
the tendency of which is to constantly draw it to the left and hold it against a stop
in such position that it must be moved slightly to the right before it can push a
line of type into the galley.
The rod upon which the column pusher is mounted is provided with a stud or
bowle which is acted upon by a cam so as to give to said rod a reciprocating
motion. The cam is mounted upon a sleeve which is splined to a second sleeve
mounted loosely upon a shaft which is continuously driven from the main shaft
through suitable gears, a clutch similar to that above referred to being provided to
enable the second sleeve to make one revolution and then be automatically
arrested.
The line of type in the composing stick will continue to be advanced by the line
pusher until the forward type, which is the large low quad before referred to for
marking the line divisions, has passed the edge of the side of the galley. As
the quad passes this edge it presses a spring contact point against a fixed contact
point thereby closing an electric circuit through a magnet. As soon as the magnet
becomes energized it will attract its armature and thereby rock a shaft mounted in
a bracket rising from the adjustable side of the galley. This shaft is provided with
a curved rearwardly extending arm the end of which, as the shaft is rocked, enters
the space above the large low quad and between the lines, and engages with the
end of the column pusher so as to move said pusher away from its stop, and force
it to the right until it is exactly flush with the last type in the line. The curved
arm is provided with a contact point which, as the arm reaches the limit of its
forward movement engages with a second contact point thereby closing an electric
circuit through a magnet controlling the clutch and operating it so as to connect
the sleeve to its shaft and cause the cam to advance the column pusher and move
the line of type into the galley.
The large low quad at the foremost end of the line of type does not in this
operation go into the galley, but is separated from the other types by the sharp
edge of the fixed side of the galley and passes into a special reservoir.
To facilitate this part of the operation, the corners of the quad are bevilled a
little so as to more readily admit the sharp edge of the galley.
When the sleeve is released the column pusher will be arrested in its normal
position. The line of type in the composing stick will then be advanced again and
the operation will be repeated at the proper time.
In order to prevent the quad at the head of the next line of type that is coming
forward in the composing stick from bearing against the end of the column pusher
while it is in motion, with the considerable force transmitted from the line pusher,
the column pusher is provided with a spring pressed stud which as the pusher
advances passes forward through the space opened between said pusher and the
side of the stick and presses the quad against the opposite side of the stick and
holds it fixed there, thus stopping the forward movement of said quad as well as
that of all the types back of it, as long as the column-pusher is in motion but
releasing the quad as soon as the pusher has returned to its position of rest,
thereby permitting the line of types to again advance in front of the galley.
If, through a mistake of the justifier in the correction of the operating ribbon,
or from any other cause, a line comes before the galley that is either longer than
the galley, with its flaring opening, can accommodate, or that is too short, the feed
of the operating ribbon and through it the type setting, is automatically arrested,
a

page_text: It will thus be seen that the clutch which controls the feed of the operating
ribbon becomes automatically effective, not only in case of the clogging of, or other
accident to the types on their way into the composing stick, but also when the
lines in front of the galley are not of proper length.
"
In order to lead" the composition, as the column or page is formed in the
galley, a quantity of leads are arranged in a reservoir located beneath the column-
pusher. The reservoir is provided with a follower and a spring by which the leads
are kept constantly pressed to the front of the reservoir. The reservoir extends
to a point just back of the line of advancing type, and at that point the bottoin
of the galley is provided with a narrow opening through which the leads are
successively pushed at the proper times to be advanced into the galley with the
lines of type.
The ejecting of the leads is effected by means of a pusher which passes through a
narrow opening in the bottom of the reservoir and is operated by a bell-crank lever
which is connected by a link with one arm of a second bell-crank lever the other
arm of which is provided with a stud which lies in the path of a cam mounted
upon a sleeve.
The type setting mechanism, just described, may, if preferred, be provided with
two composing cases, one for Roman lower case letters and capitals and the other
for Italics and small capitals, arranged opposite each other and so as to discharge
their types into the same guiding apparatus.
In such case the type-pushers and their operating mechanism and the series of
selecting plates and magnets will be duplicated but the remaining parts of the
apparatus will not be materially changed.
It is to be remarked that the mechanism herein described may be varied greatly
in many of its details without departing from or sacrificing the advantages of the
invention and also that many parts of the invention may be used without the
whole.
Instead of using, a separate pawl for each type pusher I can employ a single
piece extending across the entire series of type-pushers and connected to the bar
at one or more points, in such manner as to allow the front edge of said piece
to rise and fall with a yielding force upon and down from the fixed rests.
The invention is not confined to the horizontal motion of the selecting plates, as
described. They may be of greater breadth and give the necessary amount of
motion in a vertical, instead of a horizontal direction the perforations being
correspondingly located at different heights. This arrangement may, under some
circumstances, be preferable. It will permit of the perforations being nearer
together laterally and of the type channels being placed correspondingly nearer
together. The narrow spaces between the perforations in the plate will under such
conditions be relieved from danger of injury from contact with the type pushers.
Instead of making the selecting plates straight, it is proposed in some instances,
to make them curved, giving them the form of an arc, but in every case their
motion is reciprocating. When it is desired to move such curved selecting plates
in the manner most nearly corresponding to the horizontal motion of the selecting
plates, shown in the drawings, an oscillating motion corresponding to their curvature
will be imparted to them. But they may also be worked vertically which would
give them a motion nearly corresponding to a vertical motion of the straight
selecting plates; or said curved plates may be worked horizontally, which motion
would, to a certain degree, correspond to a diagonal motion of the straight selecting
plates. The advantage of such curved form of selecting plates, and of a corre-
sponding arrangement of the type-pushers and of the type channels is that the
distance which the types have to travel, in order to get into line may be nearly or
quite uniform. This is important in very rapid working.
Corresponding selecting plates, curved not regularly but irregularly or formed
with sharp changes of direction, like the letter V, or even with more than one
such change of direction, like the letter W may be used. In short, the form of the

page_text: selecting plates may be modified to correspond with the location of the bottoms of
the type channels.
In adapting the invention to that class of type setting machines in which the
type channels are arranged in a circular series the type pushers and their connections
may be arranged in a corresponding manner and selecting plates or equivalent
movable parts, in the form of partial or complete rings or short cylinders be
employed. The selecting parts or plates in this form may reciprocate either
horizontally or vertically.
Instead of moving the selecting plates by means of electro magnets the same may
be controlled by other means. In some cases it is proposed to move said selecting
plates by means of suitable keys arranged in a key board, thus dispensing with
the operating ribbon.
It will readily be seen that when the type setting mechanism is operated in the
manner herein described it is not essential that the operating ribbon and its feeding
mechanism should be located at the same point with the setting mechanism but
that these mechanisms may be located at points very distant from each other so
that the matter prepared at one point may be simultaneously transmitted to and
put in type at a distant point. It will also be seen that by placing two or more
sets of the magnets in the same circuit the same matter may be simultaneously put
in type at as many different points as may be desired. When, however, the matter
is to be put in type at a point distant from that at which it is prepared, it will
usually be found preferable after the ribbon has been prepared as shewn in Fig. C,
to reproduce said corrected and justified ribbon at the point or points where the
types are to be set, and use this reproduction for operating the setting mechanism,
instead of operating said mechanism from a distant point, as just described. If
preferred, the transmission to and reproduction at a distant point may take place
before the matter is corrected and justified, the matter being afterwards corrected
and justified upon this reproduced ribbon which will then be used as a pattern
ribbon from which to prepare a third or operating ribbon.
The transmission of the matter and reproduction of the operating ribbon, as just
described, may be effected automatically by the use of instruments similar to those
used in automatic telegraphy.
When the reproduction of the ribbon is to be effected at a long distance from the
sending station it will usually be found desirable to establish intermediate stations
which will successively receive and transmit the ribbon until the end is reached.
At each of these stations a fac-simile of the ribbon will be produced which will
then be used in the transmitting instrument to reproduce the ribbon at the next
station, and so on.
By this system all of the operations required to put the matter in type,
corrected and justified, at any number of different points, are automatically
performed after a single ribbon has been prepared. By this means the same
newspaper can, without extra expense for type setting be issued simultaneously at
different places so as to be delivered to its readers without the delay now occasioned
by transportation, or the same matter can be supplied simultaneously to many
different papers. By this system also, an author can transmit his composition
corrected and justified, to a distant publisher, and so avoid the usual delay occasioned
by returning the proof for correction.
Various modifications may be made in many of the details of the system herein
described without departing from or losing the advantages of the invention.
The signs upon the ribbon instead of being made by perforations, may be made
by saturating the ribbon at points corresponding to the perforations with some
conducting substance; or the operation may be reversed so that the various
movements may be effected by breaking instead of making the electric circuits.
The mechanism hereinabove described comprises among others the following
combinations:-
The combination with the operating, ribbon as W and means for advancing
the same, of a series of selecting plates, a series of type pushers and connections

page_text: whereby the signs upon said ribbon effect the proper movement of said plates, to
permit the action of the selected type pusher.
The combination with a series of movable selecting plates of a corresponding
series of magnets and connections whereby the energizing of said magnets operates
said plates.
The combination with the series of selecting plates of a series of type pushers
provided with springs, a reciprocating pawl or pawls, and a stop or projection.
The combination with a series of type pushers, of a series of selecting plates,
means for shifting said plates and electrical connections, whereby the movement of
any one or more of said plates effects the movement of the selected pusher.
The combination with a movable contact point actuated by the selecting plates,
of means for moving it laterally out of contact at the proper time and holding it
thus laterally displayed until the plates are again re-adjusted so that only a single
movement of the pushers will be effected at each adjustment of the plates.
The combination with the type pushers and means for operating the same, of the
line pusher and electrical. connections, whereby the movements of the latter are
controlled by the former.
The combination with the feeding roll and its clutch mechanism, of the line
pusher and electrical connections, whereby the absence of a type in front of said
line pusher stops the feed of the operating ribbon.
The combination with the composing stick and the line pusher, of a spring and
lever whereby the presence of a type in front of said pusher prevents the stopping
of the setting mechanisın.
The combination with the composing stick and the galley, of the column pusher
and its operating mechanism, and electrical connections whereby the arrival of a
line of type in front of the galley causes the column pusher to operate.
The combination with the reciprocating column pusher of the galley provided
with a flaring elastic side.
The combination with the reciprocating column pusher of the galley provided
with the fixed side having a sharp end.
The combination with a longitudinally movable column pusher, of an arm and
electrical connections whereby said arm is set in motion by the arrival of a line of
type in position in front of the galley.
The combination with the feeding roll and its clutch, of arms and electrical
connections whereby the feed of the ribbon is automatically arrested when a line
of improper length is presented to the galley.
The combination with the column pusher and two cams for operating the same,
of the pusher plate, its operating cam and connections.

page_text: Improvements in the Art of and Mechanism for Setting Type.
I ARTHUR WILLIAM LOVELL REDDIE of the Office for Patents 6 Bream's
Buildings, Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent do hereby
declare the nature of the invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ART OF AND
MECHANISM FOR SETTING TYPE" and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This Invention relates to a method of and mechanism for setting type in which
the matter to be composed is first indicated upon a ribbon or strip of paper or
similar material by signs representing the different types "spaces" &c, the ribbon
thus prepared being afterwards used to control the type selecting devices, thereby
making the operation of the type setting mechanism entirely automatic.
This Invention embraces various improvements in the method of setting type
and in the mechanism by which the method is carried into practical operation, and
it also includes a method of correcting and justifying the composition upon the
ribbon before the same is used to operate the type selecting mechanism.
To aid in a ready understanding of the invention the principal steps or
operations involved in putting the same into practice will be first briefly, described
after which they will be more fully explained in connection with the accompanying
Drawings.
In setting type according to the present invention the matter to be put in type
is first indicated upon a ribbon or strip of paper or similar material, of suitable
width to be conveniently manipulated, by transverse rows of signs, preferably
perforations, each of which rows represents one of the types, "spaces or quads to
be set; the particular type & being determined by the positions of the perforations.
The number of signs in each row may be the same, or it may vary
That is to say
37
some of the types & may be represented by a single sign and others by com-
binations of two three or more signs, but, as will be hereinafter explained, it is
preferable that the same number of signs should be used for each of the types &c,
and that this number should be three; and also that the number of possible signs
in each row upon the ribbon should be ten.
For the purpose of enabling the composition to be justified upon the ribbon, the
rows of signs are separated from each other by spaces proportioned to the running
thickness of the types & which they represent.
By reason of this proportionate spacing, the proper points for dividing the
composition into lines can be readily ascertained by the use of a suitable scale or
measure, so that it becomes practicable to make the proper justification of the com-
position before it is put in type. For this purpose therefore, the ribbon after the
necessary corrections have been noted by the proof reader, is taken by the justifier
who makes such corrections, either by making additional rows of signs to represent
types & to be added, or by eliminating (by erasing, covering, filling or otherwise)
rows of signs representing improper types &, or both. The justifier then, by the
use of a suitable scale or measure, divides the composition into lines of the proper
length, making due allowance of course for the changes just made, and makes at.

page_text: "
When a
the proper points rows of signs representing the "spaces" & which must be inserted
to fill out short lines; or eliminates rows of signs representing "spaces" &, which
must be removed to shorten long lines, or both. When the end of a line comes
between two words, the row of signs representing a "space placed there by
the compositor in the preparation of the ribbon must be eliminated.
word is divided at the end of a line a row of signs representing the hyphen will of
course be inserted and properly allowed for in the justification. At the end of
each line a row of signs representing a special quad is inserted, which quad serves,
as will hereinafter appear, to indicate the line divisions when the matter is put in
type.
The ribbon thus prepared may be used to control the operation of the type
selecting mechanism, but in order to permit the setting mechanism to operate
uniformly and at the maximum speed, it is necessary, as will be hereinafter
explained, that the rows of signs upon the operating ribbon be uniformly spaced.
This ribbon, therefore, after having its matter corrected and justified, is reproduced
with its rows or signs uniformly spaced, and this reproduction is used to control
the type selecting mechanism.
It is, of course, apparent that the rows of signs may be evenly spaced upon the
ribbon in the first instance, and this ribbon used for controlling the type selecting
mechanism, the composition being corrected and justified after it is in type in the
usual manner,
but it is preferable that the correcting and justifying should be done
upon the ribbon.
In operating the type selecting mechanism the ribbon, prepared as described, is
advanced beneath the ends of a series of feelers located in an electric circuit, and
so arranged that the signs upon the ribbon produce electric impulses or com-
binations of impulses corresponding in number and variety to said signs, which
impulses are transmitted through suitable connections to a selecting mechanism
which acts upon the principle described in the Specification of Letters Patent in
the United Kingdom dated 30th August 1881 N° 3,780, and permits or causes the
types, "spaces" & to be ejected from their respective reservoirs in the order in
which they are represented upon the operating ribbon, thus making the operation
of the type setting mechanism entirely automatic.
In the accompanying Drawings:-
Figure A shows a portion of the ribbon or strip of paper after the composition
has been indicated upon it by transverse rows of signs separated from each other
by spaces proportioned to the running thicknesses of the types & which they
represent.
Figure B shews the same after the composition has been corrected and justified.
Figure C shews the same after it has been reproduced with uniform spacing and
is ready for use in operating the selecting mechanism.
Figures 1 and 1º are a front elevation of a mechanism for setting type according
to the present invention.
Figures 2 and 2ª are a plan view of the same, certain details being omitted in
each of these figures for the sake of avoiding confusion.
Figures 3. 4. and
are respectively a side elevation, an end elevation and a plan
view upon a smaller scale, showing the various shafts and gears by which motion is
imparted to the various parts.
Figure 6 is an enlarged side elevation partly in section of the ribbon feeding
mechanism showing also the mechanism for automatically arresting the feed under
certain conditions.
Figure 7 is a plan view of the saine, certain of the upper parts being partially
broken away.
Figures 8 and 9 show details of the arresting mechanism.
Figure 10 is a diagram illustrating the connections between the feelers and the
electro-magnets which operate the selecting plates.
Figure 11 is a view shewing the order of the perforations in the selecting plates
and in the front and back of the casing enclosing the same,

page_text: Figure 12 is a plan view upon an enlarged scale of the type selecting mechanism
and adjacent parts.
Figure 13 is a vertical section of the same taken upon the line x x of Figure 12.
Figures 14 and 15 are vertical sectional details taken respectively upon the
lines z. and vv. of the same.
Figures 16 and 17 are details upon an enlarged scale showing the parts of
Figures 14 and 15 in different positions.
Figure 18 is a vertical section taken upon the line c. x. of figure 2* showing
upon an enlarged scale the cam and clutch mechanism for operating the type pushers.
Figure 19 is transverse vertical section of the same.
Figure 20 is a plan view of the lever for operating the pawl of said clutch.
Figure 21 is an enlarged plan view of a portion of the composing stick, and of
the mechanism for advancing the line of matter therein, showing also a mechanism
by which under certain conditions, the machine will be automatically arrested.
Figure 22 is a side elevation of the same.
Figure 23 is an enlarged plan view of a portion of the galley and the column
pushing mechanism.
Figure 24 is a vertical section taken upon the line x. x of figure 23.
Figures 25. 26 and 27 are details which will be hereinafter referred to.
Figure 28 is an enlarged vertical section taken upon the line y. y. of figure 2^.
Figure 29 is a like view taken upon the line v. v of the same figure, and
Figures 30 to 35 inclusive, are diagrams illustrating the various electrical
connections.
Referring to figure A, it is to be understood that V represents a ribbon or strip
of paper or similar material of suitable width to be conveniently manipulated, upon
which the matter to be put in type is indicated by transverse rows of signs 2. each
of which rows represents one of the types, "spaces" &, to be set.
These signs
may be made in various ways, but preferably consist of perforations, as shewn in
the present case, and they will, therefore, be termed perforations in the following
description. These perforations may be made in the ribbon with a punch operated
by hand, but in order to make the system most practicable for business purposes, it
is of course desirable that this operation should be performed mechanically. This
can be done by an apparatus similar to some of those used for preparing the
ribbons used for automatic telegraphy.
It will be observed that the ribbon V is divided into ten longitudinal fields or
spaces as indicated by the longitudinal lines, and that each of these spaces is
adapted to receive one perforation upon each transverse line, so that the possible
number of perforations in each of the rows z. is only ten, which is of course very
much less than the number of types including "spaces," &, which it is necessary
to indicate upon the ribbon. This deficiency in the number of perforations is
compensated for by providing that each of the types, & instead of being
represented by a single perforation, the particular type being determined by the
position of said perforation with relation to the edges of the ribbon,-shall be
represented by a combination of three perforations, the particular type being
determined by the positions of said perforations with relation to each other and to
the edges of the ribbon. By this system the ten possible perforations afford, by
proper permutation a sufficient number of different combinations to represent all
of the types &* required.
It is of course apparent that it is not absolutely necessary that combinations of
three perforations should be used, as by using a ribbon of sufficient width, each of
the types & might be represented by a single perforation. This, however, would
make the number of parts both in the perforating and the type setting mechanisms,
so great as to make these mechanisms unduly expensive, complicated, and cumber-
some. Combinations of two perforations might also be used, but even this would
increase the number of parts beyond what desirable. It is also apparent that,
even when only ten possible perforations are used, as in the present case, some of
the types & might be represented by single- perforations others by combinations

page_text: "
of two perforations, and the remainder by combinations of three perforations. This,
however, would be undesirable, as it would make the action of the mechanisms
irregular. It has been found best, therefore, in practice, to have all of the types &
represented by three perforations, as by using this number in combination a
sufficient number of different combinations can be formed to represent all of the
different types &, required, by the use of as few as ten punches, feelers, selecting
plates, &; while by having the same number of perforations in all of the com-
binations uniformity of action in the mechanisms is secured. By using com-
binations of four or five perforations the number of punches & could be still
further reduced, but this would lead to other complications which would be
undesirable.
In order that the composition may be justified upon the ribbon V it is of course,
necessary that the length of ribbon occupied by the perforations representing a line
of matter should be just equal to, or bear some determined relation to, the actual
length of said line. If it were otherwise it would, as will readily be seen, be
impossible for the justifier to ascertain by an inspection of the ribbon, the exact
amount of matter which is required for each line. To accomplish this end, the
rows of perforations z. are so distributed along the ribbon as to be separated from
each other by spaces proportioned to the running thicknesses of the types,
spaces" &c, which they represent. That is to say, the perforations representing
a type of a given thickness are allowed twice the space which is allowed to those
representing a type of one-half such thickness, and so on through all the variations
in the thickness of the different types, "spaces," &o, used. The spaces allowed to
the rows of perforations may be exactly or substantially equal to the thicknesses of
the types & represented, or, if the type is large the spacing, while being pro-
portioned to the types &, may be less than their actual running thickness. When
ordinary type is used it will, however, be found best to make the spacing upon the
ribbon considerably greater than the actual running thicknesses of the types &c
represented, as by so doing sufficient room will be left for making corrections &c.
This proportionate spacing is readily accomplished by providing means in the
machine with which the ribbon is prepared, for giving an irregular feed to the
ribbon as the perforation progresses.
The ribbon V is also provided with a series of small marks, indentations, or
perforations v. located along its edge and corresponding in number and position to
the rows of perforations z. which are made upon or in the ribbon at the same time
with the said perforations, by a small supplemental marker or punch provided for
that purpose.
The purpose of these marks or perforations will presently appear.
After the composition has been indicated upon the ribbon V, as just described,
and is shewn in Figure A, it is taken by the proof reader who indicates upon it
the necessary corrections in the usual manner. After this has been done the
ribbon is taken by the justifier who makes the corrections noted by the proof-
reader, either by inserting rows of perforations to represent types & which have
been omitted; or by eliminating (by covering, filling or otherwise) rows which
represent improper types &c, or both, as indicated in figure B, in which the row of
perforations representing the letter has been covered, and a row representing the
letter t, inserted. After the necessary corrections have been thus made, the
justifier, by applying a suitable scale or measure which is graduated with reference
to the proportionate spacing on the ribbon, to the line of marginal marks v, is
enabled, after making due allowance for said, correction, to determine the exact
points at which the composition must be divided to form the lines for the colum or
page. At the end of each line thus ascertained, a row of perforations representing
a large low quad, which will serve to indicate the line divisions after the matter is
in type, will be inserted, as indicated at the right of figure B, and lines of per-
forations representing "spaces" which must be inserted to fill out short lines will
be added at the proper points, or lines of perforations representing "spaces" which
.must be removed to shorten long lines will be eliminated, or both, as indicated
by the insertion of the five em space" after the word "Munson's."
When it is
"

page_text: determined by the justifier that the end of a line shall come between two words, the
row of perforations placed there by the compositor in the preparation of the ribbon,
to represent the ordinary "space," must be eliminated. Whenever it is necessary
to divide a word at the end of a line a row of perforations representing the hyphen
will of course be added, and properly allowed for in the justification. At the end
of a paragraph the compositor will leave a considerable blank space upon the
ribbon, and in this space the justifier will insert the necessary rows of perforations
to indicate the "spaces" or quads which must be inserted to fill out the last line of
the completed paragraph, and to make the indent of the first line of the following
paragraph.
When the matter to be composed is printed "Copy" which it is desired to
reproduce line for line, exactly like the original, the compositor in preparing the
ribbon, will at the end of each line of the "Copy" simply. insert the row of per-
forations representing the low quad, and then the justifier will only have to put in
the proof-reader's corrections and justify the lines already marked off for him by
the compositor.
The rows of perforations which it is necessary to make in the process of cor-
recting and justifying the composition, may be made by hand or by a perforating
mechanism similar to that with which the ribbon is prepared and which may be
termed the compositor's machine. The ribbon feeding mechanism in the justifier's
machine will of course be different from that of the compositors machine, or will be
entirely dispensed with and the former will be provided with means for making
the rows of perforations required to represent those "spaces" & not used by the
compositor. This machine may also be provided with mechanism similar to that
shewn in the Specification of the United States Patent No 6,832, as Reissued
4 January 1876, by which the strips of paper for covering the superfluous rows of
perforations can be applied.
After the composition has been corrected and justified as shewn in Figure B the
ribbon V may be used for controlling the type setting mechanism but if it is so
used, the unequal distances between its rows of perforations will cause the setting
mechanism to operate irregularly, and thus prevent said mechanism from per-
forming the maximum amount of work. To obviate this difficulty the ribbon V is
used as a pattern from which a second ribbon W is produced having exactly the
same perforations arranged in the same order, except that the rows, instead of
being irregularly are uniformly spaced, as shewn in Fig. C, and this second or
reproduced ribbon is used in as the operating ribbon.
This reproduction like the preparation of the original ribbon may be accom-
plished by hand punching, but it will preferably be performed by mechanism
similar to that employed in automatic telegraphy.
Referring now particularly to figures 1 to 10 inclusive it is to be understood
that the operating ribbon W after having been prepared in the manner herein before
stated is led from a reel or other suitable support (not shown) to the feeding roll 90
and is passed between said roll and a series of spring-feelers a. b c & equal in
number to the possible perforations in each transverse row upon the ribbon, which
bear gently upon its upper side with their ends in such position as to pass through
the perforations and come into contact with the roll when permitted.
In order to insure the positive and accurate feeding of the ribbon, it may be
provided, in addition to the perforations indicating the composition with one or
more longitudinal rows of feeding perforation's as 9, which will be engaged by
suitable sprockets as 8 upon the feeding roll. The perforations 9 will be made at
the same time the ribbon is reproduced.
The feeding roll 90 receives motion from the main shaft 100 which is provided
with the usual fast and loose pulleys 101-102, and balance wheel 103 and is
connected by gears 98-99 with a counter-shaft 97 which is provided with a
worm 96 which engages with a worm gear 95, the shaft 94 of which is connected
by a ratchet clutch 92-93, the purpose of which will hereinafter appear, with the

page_text: shaft 91 of said roll, the worm 96 and worm gear 95 being so proportioned that
the ribbon will be advanced a distance equal to or somewhat less than the distance
between two of its transverse rows of perforations during each revolution of the
shaft 97.
The feelers a b c & are insulated from the frame of the machine and are con-
nected by a series of wires a b c &c (see Fig. 10) with one pole of a series of
electro-magnets a. b. c & corresponding in number with the feelers. The feeding
roll 90 which is of conducting material is also insulated from the frame of the
machine, and is connected by a wire 89 and branch wires with the opposite pole of
said magnets, the circuit thus formed being provided with suitable battery power,
as indicated at 88.
The armatures 50 of the magnets a b c &o are mounted upon the ends of a series
of pivotted levers a b c &c the opposite ends of which are connected to a series of
selecting plates a b c &c (see Figures 11. 12 and 13) corresponding in number to
the magnets and arranged to operate upon the principle set forth in the Specification
of Letters Patent No 3780 of 1881 herein before referred to.
These plates which as herein shewn consist of thin strips of metal or other
suitable material are arranged side by side in a casing 19 (see Figures 2. 12
and 13) located just in front of the type pushers and in the rear of the composing
case the front and back sides of the casing 49 (see Figures 11 and 13) are pro-
vided with perforations corresponding to the type pushers but the perforations in
the selecting plates a b c & are so arranged that when said plates are in their
normal positions as indicated in Fig. 11, no opening will be formed for the passage
of any one of the type pushers, but that by moving certain of said plates an
opening may be formed for the passage of the desired type pusher, different plates
being moved to permit the passage of the different pushers.
.
+
دو
The composing case 87 and the guiding apparatus 86 for conducting the types
from said case to the composing stick in which the line is formed are as herein
shown of substantially the construction described in United States Letters Patent
No 174,901, and consequently require no detailed description It may, however be
said in passing that the case 87 contains a number of type channels 6 corre-
sponding to the number of different types "spaces & which the machine is
capacitated to set, said channels being provided at their lower ends with openings 4
corresponding to the openings in the plates 7, through which the pushers enter the
channels to eject the types &c, and with openings through which the types & as
they are ejected pass to the channels 5 of the guiding apparatus to be conveyed to
the composing stick as indicated in Figures 1 and 1.
The type pushers 12 (see Figures 2. 2ª 12 and 13) are supported in grooves in a
bed plate 104 in which they move freely, and are provided at their rear ends with
extensions 11 which move freely in openings in a cross-bar 105 which receives a
forward and back movement by means of rods 106 and eccentrics 107 which are
operated in a manner that will be hereinafter explained.
The rear ends of the extensions 11 are provided with heads 13 which are larger
than the openings in the bar 105 so that at each backward movement of the bar, all
of the pushers are withdrawn and forced against a series of springs 14 which are
secured to a fixed portion of the frame work.
The bar 105 is provided with a series of forwardly extending spring pawls 15,
corresponding in number to the pushers and each of the pushers is provided upon its
upperside with a notch 26 arranged in such position as to normally lie directly
beneath the end of its corresponding pawl.
The bed plate 104 is provided with a raised portion 16 through which are cut
channels for the pushers. The portion 16 is somewhat thicker than the height of
the pushers so that when the latter are in their retracted position as shown in
Figures 2. 12 and 13, the pawl 15 which at their ends are wider than the pushers
will ride up upon the portion 16 and be held out of engagement with the
notches 26.

page_text: As the types & are ejected from their channels in the composing case they pass
into corresponding channels 17 formed in the upper side of a tilting platform 84
which is mounted upon a shaft 83 journalled in the frame work and is normally
held in a horizontal position by a spring 82.
The shaft 88 is provided with a rock arm 81 which at each forward movement
of the bar 105 is engaged by a rod 108 so that as soon as the selected type is
ejected into its channel 17 this platform 84 will be tilted so as to discharge said
type into the proper channel of the guiding apparatus.
The eccentrics 107 by which the bar 105 is reciprocated are mounted upon a
sleeve 109 which turns loosely upon a shaft 110 which receives a continuous rotary
movement from the shaft 97 through the gears 111. 112. 113. 114 and the vertical
shaft 115, said gears being so proportioned that the shafts 97. 110 revolve
synchronously. The shaft 110 (see figures 18 and 19) is provided with a
ratchet 116, and the sleeves 109 with an arm 117 the outer end of which is
provided with a pivotted paw! 18 which normally engages with said ratchet so
that said shaft and sleeve revolve together thereby reciprocating the bar 105—
The shaft 19 upon which the pawl 18 is mounted is provided with an arm 20
to the end of which is secured a rod 21 carrying a bowle or stud 22, which lies
in the groove of a stationary cam 118, said cam being so shaped that at the end
of each revolution of the sleeve 109 the shaft 19 is rocked so as to disengage the
pawl 18 and arrest the movement of said sleeve in which position the parts will
remain until the pawl 18 becomes re-engaged with the ratchet.
The re-engagement of the pawl 18 is automatically effected at the proper time
by means of electrical connections as follows The selecting plates abc & are pro-
vided at one end with coinciding openings 23 (see figure 15) through which passes
a bar 24 mounted upon spring-arms 25.aud carrying one of the contact points 1 of
a circuit closer the opposite contact point 2 of which is mounted upon a bracket
secured to the frame of the machine. The circuit in which this closer is located
includes an electro magnet 119 (see Fig. 30) the armature of which is attached to
a lever 120 the inner end of which lies in the path of the stud 22, as said stud is
raised to disengage the pawl 18 at the end of each revolution of the sleeve 109-
The lever 120 is provided with a lateral projection 27 which as the lever is raised
by the stud 22 engages with a stud 28 upon the arm 117 so as to arrest said arm
and hold the same at the exact point it occupies when the pawl 18 is disengaged,
the pawl when once disengaged being held in its disengaged position by the action
of the spring 29.
From this it results that whenever any one or more of the magnets a b c & is
or are energized so as to move any one or more of the selecting plates the
points 1.2 are brought together so as to close the circuit through the magnet 119
as shown in Fig. 16. thereby energizing said magnet and causing it to draw the
lever 120 downward so as to disengage the projection 27 and stud 28 and re-engage
the pawl 18 with the ratchet 116 The contact point 2 is made adjustable so
that its position may be accurately fixed with relation to the movements of the
selecting plates.
To prevent a second revolution of the sleeve 109 and through it a second recipro-
cation of the selected type pusher in case the selecting plates should not retire in
time to break the circuit through the magnet 119 before said sleeve had completed
one revolution, the bar 24 is provided with a stud 30 which when the circuit is
closed is in position to be engaged by one arm of a bell-crank lever 31 the other
arm of which is in position to be engaged by a rod 32 carried by the bar 105, said
rod being of such length as to operate the lever 31 and depress the bar 24 so as to
carry the points 1. 2 out of contact and break the circuit through the magnet 119
just as the bar 105 reaches the limit of its forward movement.
The bar 24 is provided upon its front side with one or more ribs 33, which as
the bar is depressed are forced by the springs 25 into corresponding recesses 34, in
the ends of the selecting plates thereby holding the bar depressed and keeping the

page_text: circuit through the magnet 119 broken, until the plates begin to retire, as shewn
in Fig. 17.
The operation of the mechanism thus far described is as follows. The driving
belt having been shifted onto the fast pulley so as to set the machine in motion,
the operating ribbon will be advanced by the roll 90 until the transverse row of
perforations representing the first type to be set arrives beneath the ends of the
feelers a b c & when the feelers corresponding to the perforations in said row will
pass through said perforations and come into contact with the roll.
It has already been stated that the number of perforations in each row upon the
operating ribbon is not material, but that for reasons elsewhere explained it is,
preferable that each row should consist of three perforations. For convenience
therefore it will be assumed that each row contains this number and that those
forming the first row correspond to the feelers a ik so that said feelers will come
into contact with the roll 90 as indicated in Fig. 10. As soon as this happens
circuits will be completed through the roll 90 wire 89 battery 88 and the magnets,
wires and feelers a i k, so that the magnets a ik will become energized. As soon
as the magnets aik are energized their armatures 50 will be attracted thereby
rocking the levers a ik and moving the corresponding selecting plates to the left
so that at one point an opening will be formed through the entire series of selecting
plates, and the front and back plates of their casing 49 as indicated upon the
line x x of Fig. 11-As the selecting plates aik are moved to the left they will
move the bar 24 so as to bring the contact points 1-2 together and close the
circuit through the magnet 119 as indicated in figure 30, thereby energizing said
magnet and causing it to draw the lever 120 downward so as to release the
arm 117 and engage the pawl 18 with the ratchet 116, as shown in Fig. 18. As
soon as this takes place the sleeve 109 will commence to revolve with the shaft 110
thereby through eccentrics 107 and rods 106 advancing the bar 105. As the
bar 105 advances the springs 14 will advance all of the pushers through the
openings in the plate 7 where all save the one upon the line xx will be arrested by
coming in contact with the solid portions of the selecting plates before their
notches 26 have passed beyond the edge of the projection 16. The single pusher
upon the line xx will continue to be advanced by its spring 14 until its notch 26
has passed beyond the projection 16 when the corresponding spring pawl 15 will
enter the notch 26 of said pusher and drive it forward through the opening formed
in the selecting plates and into the corresponding channel 6 of the composing case
thereby ejecting the selected type into the corresponding channel 17 of the tilting
platform 84, the other pawls 15 in the meantime riding idly upon the smooth
upper sides of their pushers As the bar 105 nears the limit of its forward
movement the rod 108 will engage with the rock arm 81 so as to tilt the plat-
form 84, and permit the type thus ejected to fall into its channel in the guiding
apparatus and be conveyed to the composing stick. At or about the same time
that the rod engages with the rock arm 81 the rod 32 will engage with the bell
crank lever 31, thereby rocking said lever so as to break the circuit through the
magnet 119 as already explained. As the bar 105 makes its return movement it
will engage with the heads 13, so as to withdraw all the pushers and restore them
to their original position against the springs 14 and the spring 32 will restore the
· platform 84 to its horizontal position. Shortly after the selected pusher has
passed through the selecting plates the feed of the operating ribbon will carry the
first row of perforations from beneath the ends of the feelers a ik thereby breaking
the circuit through the magnets a ik so that upon the withdrawal of the selected
type pusher the selecting plates a ik will be at once restored to their normal.
position by the springs 35.
When the bar 105 has reached the limit of its backward movement the
sleeve 109 will have completed a revolution, and the pawl 18 will be again dis-
engaged from the ratchet 116 and the arm 17 arrested by the action of the
cam 118, And so the operation will continue to be repeated as each new row of

page_text: perforations passes beneath the ends of the feelers a b c & The particular.
selecting plates which in each case are moved and the particular type pusher
which is permitted to operate being determined by the position of the perforations
in the operating ribbon.
As the successive types & are ejected from the composing case as just described
they pass downward in the conveying channels of the guiding apparatus and are
deposited one after another in the composing stick 85, the line of types thus
formed being gradually moved forward to make room for the incoming types by
the line pusher 121 (see figures 21 and 22) This line pusher is operated by a
connecting rod 122 which receives motion from an eccentric 79 (see figure 1)
secured to a sleeve 80 (see figure 2) loosely mounted upon the counter shaft 97.
It is nécessary to operate the line pusher only when a type has arrived in front of
it ready to be pushed along, in the composing stick so that the number of recipro-
cations of the line pusher shall correspond exactly to the number of types set. It
is also important that the line pusher shall operate immediately after the arrival
of the type in the composing stick. For this purpose the sleeve 80 and shaft.97
are connected by a clutch mechanism exactly similar to that shewn in figures 18
and 19 so that and so soon as the electro magnet 78 thereof is energized the line
pusher will make its forward and return motion and then be automatically
arrested.
As the
In order to energize the magnet 78 at the proper time the bar 105 carries a
forwardly extending rod 77 (see figures 2 and 12) the end of which is provided
with a hook 36 which as the bar advances slips past the end of a yielding lever 37
which is controlled by springs 40-41 and carries one of the contact points of a
circuit closer located in the circuit of said magnet as indicated in Fig. 31
bar 105 nears the limit of its backward movement the hook 36 instead of slipping
past the end of the lever 37 engages with said end thereby rocking said lever and
bringing the contact points 38-39 together so as to close the circuit through the
magnet 78 and start the line pusher.
The rod 77 is made adjustable so as to allow of regulating the time when the
circuit is closed in such manner that after the selected pusher has caused a type to
be ejected said type will have just enough time to pass down into the composing
stick before the line pusher begins to operate.
To avoid the necessity of stopping the operation of type setting during the brief
period of time when a line is pushed into the galley (as will be hereinafter
described) the line pusher is given a longer range of motion than is required
for simply keeping the type removed from beneath the end of the guiding
apparatus and is made yielding so that several types may be pushed forward in
the composing stick while the whole line remains stationary To effect this
the pusher 121 is made in two parts which are arranged to telescope in the manner
indicated in Figures 21 and 22 the parts being connected by a rod 76 which is
rigidly secured to an ear 75 upon the rear part of the pusher but slides freely in a
corresponding ear 74 upon the forward part, said rod being provided with a
spring 73 the tendency of which is to hold the two parts of the pusher in their
expanded position.
By means of this arrangement it will be seen that when the pusher meets with
any undue resistance as when the whole line of type in the stick is temporarily
arrested, its front part will yield sufficiently to allow the mechanism to continue
to operate without danger of breaking.
If at any time, either from the catching or clogging of the types in the channels
of the guiding apparatus or by reason of the types in some of the channels of the
composing case becoming exhausted the type pusher should move forward without
a type being in front of it, the feeding of the operating ribbon and the type
setting will be automatically arrested in the following manner.
Referring to figures 6. 7. 8 and 9 it will be observed that the part 93 of the
clutch which connects the continuously driven shaft 94 with the shaft 91 of the
feeding roll 90 is secured to a sleeve 72 which is splined to the shaft 91 so as to be

page_text: capable of a slight movement longitudinally of said shaft and is provided with
a circumferential groove in which rests a loosely fitting band 71 which is pivotally
attached to the arms 70 of a yoke forming one arm of a bell crank lever fulcrummed
in a bracket 131, and carrying upon its other arm 69, the armature 68 of an electro
magnet 132-The bracket 131 is bifurcated at its upper end so as to form cheek
pieces 46 which lie upon each side of the arm 69 one of said cheek pieces being
provided with a spring pressed locking pin 47 which when the arm 69 is raised, as
in Fig. 6, rests against said arm but which when said arm is lowered as in
Figures 8 and 9 enters an opening 48 and locks said arm in its lowered position.
By reason of this arrangement it will be seen that whenever the magnet 132
becomes energized so as to draw its armature 68 downward, the yoke 70 will be
rocked so as to disengage the parts 92-93 of the clutch and arrest the feed of the
operating ribbon and that said clutch when so disengaged will remain in that
position until released by the withdrawal of the pin 47.
Referring now to Figures 21 and 22 it will be observed that the inner wall of
the composing stick 85 is provided at a point just in advance of that at which the
stick receives the types from the guiding apparatus, with a longitudinal slot 42
across which is arranged a thin strip of spring metal 48 against the outside of
which rests one arm of a curved pivotted lever 123 the opposite arm of said lever
being acted upon by a spring 124 in such manner as to bend the strip 43 inward and
partially close the channel of the composing stick. It will also be observed that
the forward end of the line pusher 121 is bifurcated so as to straddle and not
interfere with the strip 43 and the end of the lever 123. The longer arm of the
lever 123 is provided at a point near its end with an opening through which passes
a rod 125, which is pivotally attached to the end of a swinging bar 126 carrying
one contact point 44 of a circuit closer, the opposite point 45, of which, is mounted
in a bracket upon the frame of the machine, these points being in circuit with the
magnet 132, as indicated in Figure 34. The contact points 44-45 are normally
held away from each other by a spring 127 which acts upon the bar 126, the
position of said bar being regulated by a set screw 128.
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The rear part of the line pusher 121 is provided with a laterally projecting arm
or bracket 129, in which is mounted a yielding push-rod 130, said rod being so
positioned that, as the line pusher advances, it will engage with a projection 51
extending from the rod 125, if the latter is allowed to remain in its normal
position.
From this arrangement it is apparent that when the line pusher in its forward
movement has a type in front of it, such type will press outward the strip 43, and
by means of the lever 123, cause the end of the rod 125 to move to one side and
allow the rod 130, in its forward movement, to pass the projection 51, and so not
operate the circuit closer, but that when no type is in front of the line pusher,
the lever 123 will not be moved and the rod 125 will remain in its normal position
so that the projection 51 will be engaged by the rod 130, thereby carrying the
points 44 45 into contact and closing the circuit through the magnet 132, so as to
arrest the feed of the operating ribbon and the operation of the machine. Any
difficulty which may have occasioned the stoppage of the machine having been
corrected, the pin 47 will be withdrawn by hand, upon which the spring 133 will
at once re-engage the clutch and start the feed roll 90.
Referring now particularly to Figures 1ª 2ª and 23 to 29, the mechanism by
which the line of composition in the composing stick 65 is put into a column or
page form will be described.
"
This mechanism consists essentially of a galley 134 arranged at the end and
upon one side of the composing stick, and a column pusher 135 arranged opposite
the open end of said galley. The side 136 of the galley is made stationary and
for a purpose which will hereinafter appear, is bevelled so as to present a sharp
edge 53 at its forward end. The opposite side 137 is made adjustable so as to
capacitate the galley to receive any desired width of column or page and is provided
with a slightly elastic and yielding facing 138 so that it may accommodate itself to

page_text: lines which are slightly in excess of the proper length, it being slightly curved at
its front end so as to readily receive such lines.
The composing stick 85 is provided at its end with adjustable extension pieces 52,
one of which is attached to the side 137 of the galley, and the other to an adjust-
able stop 142, by means of which the length of the stick will be varied so as to
conform to the different adjustments of the side 137 of the galley.
The galley is also provided with a yielding follower 139, which supports the
head of the column or page and prevents the types from falling out of their places
in the lines.
The column pusher 135 is mounted upon and operated by a rod 140, but, for a
purpose which will bereinafter appear, it is so secured to said rod as to be capable
of an endwise movement and is provided with a spring 141, the tendency of which
is to constantly draw it to the left and hold it against the stop 142, and in such
position, as shewn in Figures 2 and 25, that it must be moved slightly to the right
before it can push a line of type into the galley. The column pusher may be made
extensible so as to be capable of contraction or expansion to correspond with the
different adjustments of the side 137 of the galley, or different pushers may be
used for columns or pages of different widths. The rod 140 upon which the
column-pusher is mounted is provided with a stud or bowl 34 which is acted upon
by a cam 144 so as to give to said rod a reciprocating motion. The cam 144 is
mounted upon a sleeve 146 which is splined to a second sleeve 147 mounted loosely
upon a shaft 148 which is continuously driven from the main shaft 100 through
gears 149,-150, shaft 151 and gears 152-153 (see Figures 2 and 20), said shaft 148
and sleeve 147 being provided with a clutch 154 of the construction described in
connection with Figures 18 and 19, so that whenever they are connected the sleeve
will make one revolution and then be automatically arrested. The rod 140 is
mounted in bearings in an adjustable support 143 which support is also provided
with a yoke or band 155 which embraces the sleeve 146 so that as the length of
the column-pusher 135 is varied; the rod 140 and its cam 144 can be shifted so as
to always act against the centre of said pusher.
The construction of the remaining portions of the column or page forming
apparatus will now be described in connection with an explanation of its operation
which is as follows:-
The line of type in the composing stick will continue to be advanced by the line
pusher until the forward type 55, which is the large low quad before referred to
for marking the line divisions, has passed the edge 53 of the side of the galley, as
shown in Figure 23. As the quad 55 passes this edge, it presses a spring contact
point 57 against a fixed contact point 50 thereby closing an electric circuit through
a magnet 156, as indicated in Figure 32. As soon as the magnet 156 becomes
thus energized it will attract its arinature 157 (see Figure 1) and thereby, through
the bell-crank lever 158, rod 159 and arın 160, rock a shaft 161 which is mounted
in a bracket 162 rising from the adjustable side 137 of the galley. The shaft 161
is provided with a curved rearwardly extending arm 58, the end of which, as the
shaft is rocked, enters the space above the large low quad and between the lines,
and engages with the end of the column pusher 135 (see Figure 27) so as to move
said pusher away from the stop 142, and force it to the right until it is exactly
flush with the last type in the line; as shewn in figure 26. The arm 58 is provided
with a projection 59 carrying a contact point 60 which, as the arm reaches the
limit of its forward movement engages with a second contact point 61 mounted
upon an arm 163, thereby closing an electric circuit through the magnet 164 of the
clutch 154, as indicated in figure 33, and operating said clutch so as to connect the
shaft 148 and sleeve 147, and cause the cam 144 to advance the column-pusher
and move the line of type into the gallery, as shewn in figure 20.
The large low quad 55 at the foremost end of the line of type does not in this
operation go into the galley, but is separated from the other types by the sharp
edge 53 of the fixed side of the galley and passes into a special reservoir (not
shown) provided for it.

page_text: To facilitate this part of the operation the corners of the quad 55 are bevelled
a little so as to more readily admit the sharp edge 53 as stated.
As the quad 55 passes from the point 56, the circuit through the magnet 156
will at once be broken so that said magnet will release its armature and allow the
arm 58 to resume its normal position. This return movement of the arm 58 will
in turn break the circuit through the magnet 164 so that at the end of one
revolution of the shaft 148 the sleeve 147 will be released, and the column-pusher
arrested in its normal position. The line of type in the composing stick will then
be advanced again and the operation will be repeated at the proper time.
In order to prevent the quad 55 at the head of the next line of type that is
coming forward in the composing stick from bearing against the end of the column-
pusher while it is in motion with the considerable force transmitted from the line
pusher, the column-pusher is provided with a spring pressed stud 62 which, as the
pusher advances passes forward through the space opened between said pusher and
the side 52 of the stick and presses the quad against the opposite side of the stick,
and holds it fixed there, thus stopping the forward movement of said quad as well
as that of all the types back of it as long as the column-pusher is in motion, as
shewn in figure. 26 but releasing the quad as soon as the pusher has returned to its
position of rest, thereby permitting the line of types to again advance in front of
the galley.
If, through a mistake of the justifier in the correction of the operating ribbon, or
from any other cause, a line comes before the galley that is either longer than the
galley with its flaring opening, can accommodate, or that is too short, the feed of
the operating ribbon and through it the type setting is automatically arrested in
the following manner.
The arm 58 is mounted loosely upon the shaft 161 but is held in position by a
spiral spring 63 of proper strength, so that if said arm is arrested before it has
reached the limit of its forward movement, the shaft 16 can continue its movement
for a short distance. The shaft 161 is also provided with a second arm 64 which
is so positioned as to travel a short distance behind the arm 58 in its movement
towards the line of types. The arm 64 carries a contact point 65, which is so
positioned that, when said arm has reached the limit of its forward movement,
will engage with a contact point 66 mounted upon a bracket 67 which is adjustably
secured to the column pusher 135, provided said column-pusher has not been
previously moved out of the way by the action of the arm 58 The contact
points 65-66 are electrically connected with the magnet 132 as indicated in
figure 34, so that when they are brought together a circuit is closed though said
magnet, which at once operates the clutch 92-93, and arrests the feed of the
operating ribbon. From this arrangement it results that if a line of type is of the
proper length to be admitted to the galley the arm 58 will be permitted to advance
far enough to move the column-pusher, and with it the contact point 66 out of the
way of the contact point 65, so that the circuit will not be closed through the
magnet 132.
When however the line is too long to be admitted to the galley,
the arm 58 will be arrested before it has moved the column-pusher far enough to
the right to carry the point 66 out of the way of the point 65 so that in such
case the two points will come together, thereby closing the circuit through the
magnet 132 and arresting the machine.
The same action takes place when the line of type in front of the galley is so
short that the arm 58, instead of entering the space over the low quad strikes the
face of a type behind said quad.
It will thus be seen that the clutch 92-93 which controls the feed of the
operating ribbon becomes automatically effective, not only in case of the clogging
of, or other accident to the types on their way to the composing stick but also when
the lines in front of the gallery are not of proper length.
In order to "lead" the composition as the column or page is formed in the
galley, a quantity of leads 166 are arranged in a reservoir 165 located beneath
the column-pusher as shewn in figure 28. The reservoir 165 is provided with

page_text: a follower 167 and a spring 168 by which the leads are kept constantly pressed to
the front of the reservior The reservoir 165 extends to a point just back of the
line of advancing type and at that point the bottom of the galley 134 is provided
with a narrow opening 169 through which the leads are successively pushed at the
proper times to be advanced into the galley with the lines of type..
The ejecting of the leads is effected by means of a pusher 170 which passes
through a narrow opening in the bottom of the reservoir 165 and is operated by a
bell crank lever 171, which is connected by a link 172 with one arm of a second
bell crank lever 173, the other arm of which is provided with a stud 175 which
lies in the path of a cam 174 mounted upon the sleeve 147 as shewn in figures 2.
& 29.
When the matter is to be leaded it is evident that the extreme backward position
of the column pusher should be somewhat further removed from the line of type
last pushed into column than when leading is not desired, so as to accommodate the
thickness of the lead back of the line of type which is moving forward to the
galley, for this purpose the sleeve 146 is provided with a second cam 145 for
operating the column-pusher when leading is desired. The column pusher may be
controlled by either cam 144 or 145 by simply shifting the stud 54 laterally so as
to engage with one or the other of said cams; when it is not desired to lea
the matter it is only necessary to disconnect the link 172 from the bell crank
lever 173.
The cam 145 is so shaped that when the sleeve 147 begins its revolution for
pushing a line of type into the galley the column pusher will be called to recede a
short distance so as to allow the lead to be pushed upwards between it and the line
of type, and will then be caused to advance and carry the line of type and the lead
into the galley and recede to its original position as shewn in figure 28 where it
will remain until the next line is completed.
The type setting mechanism just described may if preferred be provided with
two composing cases one for Roman lower case letters and capitals, and the other
for Italics and small capitals arranged opposite each other, and so as to discharge
their types into the same guiding apparatus.
In such case the type pushers 12 and their operating mechanism and the series
of selecting plates and the magnets a. b c &, will be duplicated but the remaining
parts of the apparatus will not be materially changed.
When the apparatus is thus organized the bar 105 of both sets of type pushers
will be provided with an extra pusher as 176 (see figure 35) which operates in the
same manner as the type-pushers, except that when it is permitted to pass through
the selecting plates instead of ejecting a type from the composing case, it operates
a switch as 177 which changes the circuit from the magnets a b c & of one set of
selecting plates to the magnets a b c & of the other set of plates thereby bringing
the other set of type-pushers into operation, and causing the apparatus to set
Italics intstead of Roman types or vice versa. Each set of selecting plates will in
such case be provided with connections such as already described for operating its
type-pushers and each bar 105 will be provided with connections for operating the
line-pusher, all as indicated in figure 35 in which the full lines represent the
magnets, connections &c for setting Roman, and the dotted lines the corresponding
parts for setting Italic letters. In this case the magnets 78 and 119 are shown as
connected with the same battery to which battery the magnets 132-156 and 164
may also be connected, or if preferred separate batteries may be uses to operate
the several magnets.
When the setting mechanism is thus organized the compositor in preparing the
operating ribbon will, when he finds anything in the "copy" which is to be put in
Italics or small capitals, punch in said ribbon both before and after such matter the
proper combination of perforations to permit the pushers 176 to act, so that when
the proper point is reached the switch 177 will be automatically shifted to bring
the Italic or small capital pushers into operation and be again automatically shifted
at the proper point to bring the Roman pushers into operation.

page_text: It is to be remarked that the mechanism herein described may be varied greatly
in many of its details without departing from or sacrificing the advantages of the
invention, and also that many parts of the invention may be used without the
whole.
Instead of using a separate pawl 15 for each type-pusher, a single piece,
extending across the entire series of type-pushers, and connected to the bar 105-
at one or more points, in such manner as to allow the front edge of the said piece
to rise and fall with a yielding force upon and down from the fixed rests 16 may,
be employed.
The invention is not confined to the horizontal motion of the selecting plates, as
described. They may be made of greater breadth and the necessary amount of
motion may be given in a vertical, instead of a horizontal direction, the perfora-
tions being correspondingly located at different heights. This arrangement may,
under some circumstances, be preferable. It will permit of the perforations being
nearer together laterally, and of the type channels being placed correspondingly
nearer together. The narrow spaces between the perforations in the plate will,
under such conditions, be relieved from danger of injury from contact with the
type-pushers.
Instead of making the selecting plates straight, I propose in some instances, to
make them curved, giving them the form of an arc, but in every case their motion
is reciprocating. When it is desired to move such curved selecting plates in the
manner most nearly corresponding to the horizontal motion of the selecting plates,
shown in the drawings, an oscillating motion corresponding to their curvature will
be imparted to them-But they may also be worked vertically, which would give
them a motion nearly corresponding to a vertical motion of the straight selecting.
plates; or said curved plates may be worked horizontally, which motion would, to
a certain degree, correspond to a diagonal motion of the straight selecting plates-
The advantage of such curved form of selecting plates, and of a corresponding
arrangement of the type-pushers and of the type channels is that the distance
which the types have to travel, in order to get into line, may be nearly or quite
uniform. This is important in very rapid working..
Corresponding selecting plates, curved not regularly but irregularly, or formed
with sharp changes of direction, like the letter V, or even with more than one
change of direction, like the letter W, may be used. In short, the form of the
selecting plates may be modified to correspond with the location of the bottom of
the type channels.
In adapting the invention to that class of type-setting machines in which the
type channels are arranged in a circular series, the type-pushers and their
connections may be arranged in a corresponding manner, and selecting plates,
or equivalent moveable parts, in the form of partial or complete rings or short
cylinders may be employed. The selecting parts or plates in this form may
reciprocate either horizontally or vertically.
Instead of moving the selecting plates by means of electro-magnets, the same
may be controlled by other means-In some cases it is proposed to move selecting
plates by means of suitable keys arranged in a key-board, thus dispensing with the
operating ribbon.
It will readily be seen that, when the type selecting mechanism is operated in
the manner herein described, it is not essential that the operating ribbon and its
feeding mechanisin, should be located at the same point with the setting mechanism
but that these mechanisms may be located at points very distant from each other,
so that the matter prepared at one point may be simultaneously transmitted to and
put in type at a distant point-It will also be seen that by placing two or more
sets of the magnets a, b, c, &c. in the same circuit, the same matter may be simul-
taneously put in type at as many different points as may be desired. When,
however, the matter is to be put in type at a point distant from that at which it
is prepared, it will usually be found preferable, after the ribbon has been prepared,
a shown in figure C, to reproduce said corrected and justified ribbon at the point or

page_text: points where the types are to be set, and use this reproduction for operating the
setting mechanism, instead of operating said mechanism from a distant point, as
just described-If preferred, the transmission to and reproduction at a distant
point may take place before the matter is corrected and justified, the matter being
afterwards corrected and justified upon this reproduced ribbon which will then be
used as a pattern ribbon from which to prepare a third or operating ribbon.
The transmission of the matter and reproduction of the operating ribbon, as just
described, may be effected automatically by the use of instruments similar to those
used in automatic telegraphy.
When the reproduction of the ribbon is to be effected at a long distance from the
sending station it will usually be found desirable to establish intermediate stations
which will successively receive and transmit the ribbon until the end is reached.
At each of these stations a fac-simile of the ribbon will be produced which will
then be used in the transmitting instrument to reproduce the ribbon at the next
station, and so on.
By this system all of the operations required to put the matter in type, corrected
and justified, at any number of different points, are automatically performed after
a single ribbon has been prepared. By this means the same newspaper can, without
extra expense for type setting, be issued simultaneously at different places so as to
be delivered to its readers without the delay now occasioned by transportation, or
the same matter can be supplied simultaneously to many different papers. By this
system also, an author can transmit his composition, corrected and justified, to a
distant publisher, and so avoid. the usual delay occasioned by returning the proof
for correction.
Various modifications may be made in many of the details of the system berein
described, without departing from or losing, the advantages of the invention.
The signs upon the ribbon, instead of being made by perforations, may be made
by saturating the ribbons at points corresponding to the perforations, with some
conducting substance; or the operation may be reversed so that the various move-
ments may be effected by breaking instead of making the electric circuits.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the said invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to me by my Foreign
Correspondent, I declare what I claim is
1. The improvement in the art of setting type by machinery which consists in,
first, indicating the composition upon a ribbon of paper or similar material by signs
representing the different types "spaces" &c, said signs being separated distances
proportioned to the running thicknesses of the bodies of the types &c represented;
second, making the necessary corrections in said ribbon by making additional signs
or eliminating improper ones, or both; third, justifying the composition by making
additional signs representing "spaces" &c, or eliminating those representing
spaces"&c, or both; fourth, reproducing the corrected and justified ribbon, but
with its signs uniformly spaced; and, fifth, operating, the type selecting mechanism
by means of the ribbon thus produced, substantially as described.
"
2. The improvement in the art of setting type by machinery, which consists, in
indicating the composition upon a ribbon of paper or similar material, by signs
representing the types, "spaces" &c, said signs being separated distances propor-
tioned to the running thicknesses of the bodies of the types,
represented, substantially as described.
"
"
spaces' &c.
3. The improvement in the art of setting type by machinery, which consists in
indicating the composition upon a ribbon of paper or similar material, by signs
representing the types, "spaces" &c. said signs being separated distances propor-
tioned to the running thicknesses of the bodies of the types, spaces &c.
represented, and afterwards justifying said composition by making signs repre-
senting "spaces" &c, or eliminating those representing superfluous "spaces” &c, or
both, substantially as described,

page_text: 4. The improvement in the art of setting type by machinery which consists in
indicating the composition upon a ribbon of paper or similar material, by signs
representing the different types "spaces" &c., said signs being separated distances
proportioned to the running thicknesses of the bodies of the types "spaces" &c,
represented, then making the necessary corrections in said ribbon by making
additional signs or eliminating improper ones, or both, and then justifying said
composition by making additional signs representing "spaces" &c., or eliminating
signs representing superfluous "spaces" &c. or both, substantially as described.
5. The improvement in the art of setting type by machinery, which consists in
indicating the composition upon a ribbon of paper or similar material, by signs
representing the different types, "spaces" &c., said signs being separated distances
proportioned to the running thicknesses of the bodies of the types, "spaces" &c.
represented, then correcting and justifying the composition upon said ribbon by
making additional signs, or eliminating improper or superfluous ones, or both, then
reproducing said corrected and justified ribbon, but with its signs evenly, spaced
substantially as described.
6. The improvement in the art of setting type by machinery, which consists in;
first indicating the composition upon a ribbon of paper or similar material by
signs representing the types "spaces" &c., said signs being separated distances
proportioned to the running thicknesses of the bodies of the types, "spaces" &c.
represented; second, correcting and justifying and reproducing said ribbon at a
distant point or station by means of automatic telegraphy; and, third operating
the type selecting mechanism by means of said reproduced ribbon, substantially as
described.
7. The method of setting type and justifying the same, which consists in first
preparing a pattern ribbon having varying spaces between the signs, then
preparing therefrom an operating ribbon having uniform spaces, but containing the
same number of signs in the same order and combinations as the first ribbon, and
then operating the electro-magnets of the selecting plates of the type setting
machine by means of this second ribbon and suitable intermediate devices,
substantially as described.
8. The improvement in the art of setting type by machinery, which consists in
indicating the end of each line by the insertion of a quad or block especially
designed for that purpose, substantially as described.
9. The combination with the operating ribbon, as W, and means for advancing
the same, of a series of feelers, as a, b, c, & a series of type-pushers, as 12, and
connections whereby the signs upon said ribbon effect the proper selection of said
pushers, all substantially as described.
10. The combination with the operating ribbon, as W, and means for advancing
the same, of a series of selecting plates, as a. b. c &c, a series of type pushers, as 12,
and connections whereby the signs upon said ribbon effect the proper movement of
said plates to permit the action of the selected type pusher, all substantially as
described.
11. The combination with the operating ribbon, as W, and means for advancing
the same, of a series of feelers, as a, b, c. & a series of magnets, as a, b, c. & a
corresponding series of selecting plates, and connections, all substantially as
described.
12. The combination with a series of moveable selecting plates, as a, b, c, & of a
corresponding series of magnets, and connections whereby the energizing of said
magnets operates said plates, all substantially as described."
13. The combination with the composing case and its series of type channels, of
the series of type pushers, and the interposed series of moveable selecting plates,
substantially as described.
14. The combination with a series of type pushers, as 12, of a series of selecting
plates, as a, b, c, & having openings so arranged that by shifting different plates
said openings will be made to coincide at different points, and means for shifting
said plates, all substantially as described.

page_text: 15. The combination with the series of selecting plates a, b, c & of the series of
type pushers 12, provided with springs 14, the reciprocating pawl or pawls 15 and
projection, 16, substantially as described.
16. The combination with the series of type pushers 12, of the series of selecting
plates a, b, c & and means for shifting said plates, and electrical connections
whereby the movement of any one or more of said plates effects the movement of
the selected pusher, all substantially as described.
17. The combination with the moveable contact point 1, actuated by the
plates a, b, c &, of means of moving it laterally out of contact at the proper time
and holding it thus laterally displaced until the plates are again re-adjusted, so
that only a single movement of the pushers will be effected at each adjustment of
the plates, all substantially as described.
18. The combination with the type pushers 12, and means for operating the
same, of the line pusher 121, and electrical connections whereby the movements of
the latter are controlled by the former, all substantially as described.
19. The combination with the composing stick, of the yielding line pusher 121,
and means for imparting to said pusher a reciprocating motion of such length as to
permit the types to accumulate in front of it for a short period when the line is
arrested in the stick, all substantially as described.
20. The combination with the feeding roll 90 and its clutch mechanism,
as 92. 93 of the line pusher 121, and electrical connections whereby the absence
of a type in front of said line pusher stops the feed of the operating ribbon, all
substantially as described.
21. The combination with the composing stick 95, and the line pusher 121, of
the spring 43 and lever 123, whereby the presence of a type in front of said pusher
prevents the stopping of the setting mechanism, all substantially as described.
22. The combination with the composing stick 85, and the galley 134, of the
column pusher 135 and its operating mechanism, and electrical connections
whereby the arrival of a line of type in front of the galley causes the column
pusher to operate, all substantially as described.
23. The combination with the reciprocating column pusher 135, of the galley 134
provided with a flaring elastic side 137, substantially as described.
24. The combination with the reciprocating column pusher 135 of the
galley 134 provided with the fixed side 136 having a sharp end 53, substantially
as described.
25. The combination with the longitudinally moveable column pusher, of the
arm 58 and electrical connections whereby said arm is set in motion by the arrival
of a line of type in position in front of the galley, all substantially as described.
26. The combination with the feeding roll 90, and its clutch, as 92-93, of the
arms 38 and 64, and electrical connections whereby the feed of the ribbon is
automatically arrested when a line of improper length is presented to the galley,
all substantially as described.
27. The combination with the column pusher 135, and the two cains 144-145
for operating the same, of the pusher plate 170, its operating cam 174 and
connections, all substantially as described.