Improvements in Bearings and Means of Lubricating Axles and other Revolving Surfaces of Machinery.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Oct., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 8th July, 1993-Accepted, 30th Sept., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Bearings and Means of Lubricating Axles and
other Revolving Surfaces of Machinery.
I, WILLIAM JOHN BREWER, Civil Engineer, care of Charles Mason Esq. C.E.
10 Lyndhurst Square, London, S.E. do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention is applicable to vehicles, dynamos, engines and other similar
apparatus, and consists in casting the journal bearing in a suitable mould having
pointed studs or pins fixed in said mould so as to leave numerous holes in and
through the body of the journal bearing, and to provide means of lubricating the
axle or journal. Said mould may be of two or more sections. The said perforated
casting or bearing is formed or provided with a suitable grease box, and supplied in
the inner side with a plunger having flexible or tight fitting lips; said plunger
having a rod or rods fixed to it passing through the cover of said grease box. The
rod or rods may be graduated and are for the purpose of indicating when the
lubricant is getting exhausted, and to afford means to compress the lubricating
material either by weight or a spring which can be removed when necessary. The
pressure can be applied either at the top or otherwise as required.
This improved bearing can be reinforced to strengthen it, by being fitted into a
jacket of cast metal, such as cast iron or steel; said jacket having holes or channels
communicating with the holes in the aforesaid journal bearings.
This will also serve to effect economy, as it will only be necessary to renew the
journal bearing proper, the jacket not being subject to wear and tear will seldom
require renewal.
The mould can be either external or internal. If internal a round piece of metal
of the same diameter as the axle or spindle for which the bearing is being cast will
be used in the mould. The mould surrounding this will have the studs or pins pro-
jecting from its inner surface; the length of the pins or studs giving the desired
thickness to the bearing which will thus be cast with the required diameter.
If the mould is external it will be in two parts with the pins or studs projecting
round its outer circumference, the size of the bearing being regulated by the body
of the mould upon which the pins or studs are fitted; suitable covers will be
provided to retain the metal in or round the moulds till it has cooled ready for
removal.
Dated this 24th day of October 1800
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Bearings and Means of Lubricating Axles and
other Revolving Surfaces of Machinery.
I, WILLIAM JOHN BREWER, care of Thomas William Spink, Gentleman,
of 87 Newgate Street, in the City of London, Civil Engineer, formerly of
10 Lyndhurst Square London S.E. do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to certain improvements in bearings and means of
lubricating axles and other revolving surfaces of machinery, the object being to
mould for and provide a perforated cushion or lining piece or pieces of the bearing
or block through the perforations of which bearing-cushion-piece lubricant (oil or
fats) may be supplied and be forced into and through the bearing surface or

page_text: surfaces to lubricate the revolving surface or surfaces carried and running
therein and to facilitate the renewal of such bearings as and when required
after wear.
The invention is applicable to vehicles, dynamos, engines and other similar
apparatus, and consists in casting the journal bearing cushion or lining piece or
pieces in a suitably shaped mould fitted with pointed studs or conical pins fixed in
said mould, so as to leave numerous holes in and through the body of the bearing-
cushion-piece when same has been cast and lifted from the mould, and further there
is to be provided means for lubricating the axle or journal by pressing in the
The said mould may be of two or more sections into which, when
same is closed, is to be poured the metal (white metal of this or that kind is
desirable).
lubricant.
In the drawings annexed hereto the mould is represented as in two sections,
upper and lower.
The said perforated casting or bearing-cushion-piece produced in the manner and
in the mould, as will more particularly hereinafter appear is shewn in Figure 1 of
the drawing in dotted lines and in Figure 2 in solid black, and is to be placed in
the bearing or axle box or plummer block to constitute a pierced, holed or honey-
combed cushion thereof and the said bearing so fitted is to be provided with a
suitable grease box to be furnished interiorly thereof with a plunger having air
tightly fitting flexible lips or cup leather," said plunger baving a rod or rods fixed
to it and passing through the cover of said grease-box.
The rod or rods of said plunger will be graduated or scaled, and is or are for the
purpose of indicating when the supply of lubricant is becoming exhausted and to
afford means to compress and force the lubricating material either by weight or
spring as and when necessary. The pressure can be applied at the top or otherwise
as required.
This improved bearing-cushion or lining piece can be reinforced to strengthen
it by being fitted into a jacket of cast metal such as cast iron or steel, said jacket
being made with holes or channels communicating with the holes in the aforesaid
bearing-cushion.
This will also serve to effect economy, as it will only be necessary to renew the
journal bearing-cushion proper, the jacket or reinforcing piece not being subject to
wear and tear will seldom require renewal.
The mould can be either external or internal. If internal a round piece of metal
of the same diameter as the axle or spindle for which the hearing-cushion is being
cast will be used in the mould. The taper studs or conical pins will project from
the inner arched surface of the moula, the length of said studs or pins determining
the desired thickness of the bearing-cushion, which will thus be cast with the
requisite curve according to the revolving surface that is to be received and borne
in the complete bearing.
If the mould is external it will be in parts with the pins or studs projecting
round its outer circumference the size of the bearing being regulated by the body
of the mould upon which the pins or studs are fitted. Suitable covers will be
provided to the mould to retain the metal in or around the moulds till it has cooled
ready for removal.
In the accompanying drawings:-
Figure 1 represents in end elevation such a mould as is employed in carrying
out this invention, the bearing-cushion casting or space therefor being indicated by
dotted lines.
Figure 2 is a central cross section, the bearing-cushion-casting being shewn in
solid black.
Figure 3 is a half side elevation.
Figure 4 is a central longitudinal section of the upper-section of the mould.
Figure 5 is a half top view of the lower-section of the mould; and
Figure 6 in 1:1.

page_text: Figure 7 is a central cross section of a pressure grease-supply-box according to
this invention.
a is the lower section of the mould box; the upper-section, provided with the
pouring hole, and the taper pins or conical studs c to produce the holes in the
cast bearing-cushion-piece d. In the plan views Figures 5 and 6, the centres of
the piercing-studs c are indicated by dotted circles. At e are indicated milled
headed screws (or it may be screw-bolts and nuts) for holding together the sections
of the mould whilst the casting and cooling of the bearing-cushion-pieces takes
place; indicates the piece of metal bar corresponding to the size of the axle or
revolving surface to be accommodated or carried in the bearing box or block to
which the bearing-cushion-pieces d are to be applied, such bearings varying in
weight and external form according to the circumstances and support to be dealt
with and afforded and therefore no exemplification of a complete bearing box or
block is shewn.
<<
"
It will be seen by inspection of the Figures 1, 2 and 4 that the piercings-studs
are set into the mould in vertical (not radial) position to allow of same drawing
properly from the cast bearing-cushion-pieces after cooling of the castings has taken
place.
A pressure grease box such as may be made and used according to this invention
is represented in Figure 7 wherein g is the cup or grease-container, having the
centrally bored screwed-plug g' to screw into a hole in the bearing-box or -block
for furnishing the lubricant to the pierced bearing-cushion-piece and thence to the
revolving surface carried within the bearing-box or -block; is a screw fitted cover
of the box g; i is an internal disc, below which is fitted and carried the cup
leather k, and to said disc i is applied the scaled rod 1, which passes out through a
central hole of the cover h; m indicates springs affording automatic pressure
through rod to the disc and cup leather k to bear upon and force down the
grease.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is :-
First. The improvements in bearings characterized by the pierced cushion-
piece d of the revolving surface carrying-box or -block as and for the purpose
herein set forth.
Secondly. In bearings as herein described the combination therewith of means
for supplying the lubricant under pressure and regulation substantially as and for
the purpose herein specified.
Thirdly. In the novel manufacture of bearings for lubricating axles and other
similar revolving surfaces of machinery, the moulds for casting the pierced, holed or
honeycombed bearing-cushion-pieces substantially as and for the purpose herein
set forth.
Dated this 8th day of July 1893.
WILLIAM JOHN BREWER.