MPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gerard Wenzeslaus yon Nawrocki, Proprietor of the
Firm of J. Brandt & G. W. v. Nawrocki, Patent Solicitor and Civil Engineer.
IMPROVEMENTS
of 124, Liepzigerstrasse, Berlin, Germany, for an Invention of
IN BRUSHES." A communication from Tovia Borischowitz Günzberg, of Kowno,
of 124, Liepzigerstrasse, Berlin, Germany, for an Invention of
MPROVEMENTS
IN BRUSHES." A communication from Tovia Borischowitz Günzberg, of Kowno,
in the Empire of Russia.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von
Nawrocki at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd May
1881.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, Proprietor of the Firm of J. Brandt
& G. W. v. Nawrocki, Patent Solicitor and Civil Engineer, of 124, Leipziger-
strasse, Berlin, Germany. IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES." [A communication
from Tovia Borischowitz Günzberg, of Kowno, in the Empire of Russia.]
This Invention relates to an improved construction of brushes, more particularly
applicable to paint brushes and brushes for applying colours or liquids, whereby
the length of the projecting hairs or bristles can be varied at will by causing them
either to move in or out of the casing, socket, or ferrule from which they project,
or by causing the said casing, socket, or ferrule to slide up and down over them.
Various arrangements may be employed for the above purpose. Thus according
to one arrangement the base to which the tuft of hairs or bristles is attached is con-
tained in a metal casing in which is a spring tending to force the base outwards, and
so make the tuft project to a greater extent. To the base is also attached a screw
or clamping button projecting through a slit in the side of the casing, so that by
means of such screw or button the tuft may be retained at any desired position.
According to another arrangement the base of the tuft is connected by a swivel
joint to the end of a screw screwing through the end of the casing, so that by
turning the screw the tuft may be moved in or out. Or the screw may be detached
from the base and only effect the outward movement of the tuft, which is pushed
inwards to the required degree by hand. Or the screw instead of screwing in and

page_text: out of the end of the casing turns with a 'collar in the same, and screws through a
collar connected by straps to the base of the tuft, so that by turning the screw
the collar and with it the tuft is screwed in and out. When the tuft has been
drawn entirely inside the casing the end of the latter may be closed by a cap, so
that the brush can be put in the pocket,
According to another modification a rod may be substituted for the screw in the
previous arrangements, which rod is moved in and out through the end of the
casing either by means of a small pinion gearing with rack teeth on the rod, or by
moving the rod by hand and securing it in the position into which it is moved by
sei-screw or spring catch.
Or the base may have a stud projecting laterally through a slit in the casing,
in which slit are notches, so that the position of the tuft is adjusted by shifting the
stud along the slit and then bringing it into one of the notches.
According to another modification the base of the tuft is fixed to a handle over
which a cap can be slid, so as to cover the tuft more or less. Or in place of a cap
a mere ring or ferrule embracing the tuft may be used, to which are attached spring
side pieces passing along the handle and having studs taking into holes or notches
in the latter.
In applying this construction to broad or flat brushes, such as hair or clothes
brushes, a frame surrounding the brush surface may have a bridge piece passing
over the back of the brush and having a screw screwing through it and connected
by a swivel joint to the base of the brush, so that by turning the screw the
brush surface is made to project more or less through the said framing. Or the
base may be held in different positions by catches on it taking into notches in
the bridge piece.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 20th October 1881.
GERARD WESZESLAUS VON NAWROCKT, Proprietor of the Firm of L. Brandt
& G. W. v. Nawrocki, Patent Solicitor and Civil Engineer, of 124, Leipziger
Strasse, Berlin, Germany. IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES."
from Tovia Borischowitz Güuzberg, of Kowno, in the Empire of Russia.
"
A communication
This Invention relates to an improved construction of brushes, more particularly
applicable to paint brushes and brushes for applying colours or liquids, whereby
the length of the projecting hairs or bristles can be varied at will by causing them
either to move in or out of the casing, socket, or ferrule from which they project,
or by causing the said casing, socket, or ferrule to slide up and down over them.
Various arrangements may he employed for the above purpose. Thus according
to one arrangement the base to which the tuft of hairs or bristles is attached is
contained in a metal easing in which is a spring fending to force the base outwards
and so make the tuft project to a greater extent. To the base is also attached a
screw or clamping button projecting through a slit in the side of the casing, so
that by means of such screw or button the tuft may be retained at any desired
position.
According to another arrangement the base of the tuft is connected by a swivel
joint to the end of a screw screwing through the end of the casing, so that by
turning the screw the tuft may be moved in or out. Or the screw may be detached
from the base and only effect the outward movement of the tuft, which is pushed
inwards to the required degree by hand. Or the screw instead of screwing in and
out of the casing turns with a collar in the same and screws through a collar con-
nected by straps to the base of the tuft, so that by turning the screw the collar and
with it the tuft is screwed in and out. When the tuft. has been drawn entirely
inside the easing the end of the latter may be closed by a cap so that the brush
can be put in the pocket.
According to another modification a rod may be substituted for the screw in the
previous arrangements, which rod is moved in and out through the end of the
casing either by means of a small pinion gearing with rack teeth on the rod, or by
moving the rod by hand and securing it in the position into which it is moved by
a set-screw or spring catch.
Or the base may have a stud projecting laterally through a slit in the casing in
which slit are notches, so that the position of the tuft is, adjusted by shifting the
stud along the slit and then bringing it into one of the notches
According to another modification the base of the tuft is fixed to a handle over
which a cap can be slid, so as to cover the tuft more or less. Or in place of a cap
a mere ring or ferrule embracing the tuft may be used, to which are attached
spring side picces passing along the handle and having studs taking into holes or
notches in the latter.
In applying this construction to broad or flat brushes, such as hair or clothes
brushes, a frame surrounding the brush surface may have a bridge piece passing
over the back of the brush and having a screw screwing through it and connected
by a swivel joint to the base of the brush, so that by turning the screw the brush
surface is made to project more or less through the said framing. Or the base may
be held in different positions by catches on it taking into notches in the bridge
piece.

page_text: -
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS,
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of a double brush, according to this. Invention.
The bristles are in each case secured in the cap which can slide within the
sheath d, being pressed outwards by a spring f. A setting screw g passing through
a longitudinal slit of the sheath d serves to hold the cap bat any desired point, so as
to give the required protrusion of the bristles a. A ring clamp embracing the
bristles may be employed instead of the setting screw g. The two sheaths d, d, are
commected by a middle stem 7. Either of the brushes may be of the flat kind, as
shewn in side and end views at Figs. 2 and 3, the end of the sheath & being made
with a flat elongated aperture corresponding with the shape of the brush. Fig. 4
shews an arrangement according to which the brush is slid by a screw b, screwing
through a plug at the end of the sheath and connected to the brush by a swivel.
The screw 6, as shewn in Fig. 5, without being swivel jointed to the brush, may
serve merely to push it outwards, the brush being when desired pushed in by hand.
According to the arrangement shewn in Fig. 6 the screw 6 turns freely in the
head, having a collar to prevent it from moving lengthwise, and it works in a
nuty connected to the brush a, the nut being by a feather or otherwise pre-
vented from turning within the sheath . The brush when not in use may be
drawn quite back and the end of the sheath covered by a cap h, which when the
brush is used may be placed on the head of the screw b. In the construction
shewn in Figs. 7 and 8 the brush is slid out or in by a rod b attached to it, this rod
being moved either by a pinion gearing with a rack e on it, as in Fig. 7, or by
hand and secured by a set screw, as in Fig. 8. In the construction shewn at
Fig. 9 a pin attached to the brush can be slid along a slit in the sheath and held
at different places by turning it sideways into one of the notches e. The sheath d
may be slid along the tubular stem of the brush, as shewn at Fig. 10. In the
arrangement shewn at Fig. 11 a ring fembracing the bristles has attached to it:
two springs g, g, having stands that can be engaged in any of the number of holes
in the stem 6. The brush may have a square end or may terminate in other forms
as shewn in Figs. 12, 18, and 14. Fig. 15 is a section and Fig. 16 a plan of a flat
brush, which can be protruded or retracted by means of a screw working
through a bridge piece fixed over the casing, the screw being swivelled to the
back of the brush. Instead of a screw small draw bolts i, i, may be employed to
secure the brush in the casing at various depths, holes being provided in the sides
of the casing for these bolts to shoot into.
In employing brushes or pencils constructed as described with reference to Figs.
1 to 14 inclusive, it is of advantage to retract the brush so as to protrude little
when it is used for spreading colour on a palette and receiving colour therefrom.
For laying on an even tint the brush should he protruded considerably, but for
irregular colouring it should be short. Shading should be begun with a long brush,
which should be gradually shortened as the shade is deepened. Obviously instead
of employing separate brushes for various lengths or degrees of stiffness for different
coloring operations one and the same brush arranged as above described may be
used, the protrusion of the bristles being varied as required.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed as communicated to me by my correspondent, I claim,-
First. Constructing brushes or pencils so that the bristles thereof can be more or
less protracted from the sheath, socket, or ferrule enclosing them, substantially as
and for the purposes herein set forth.
Second. The construction described with reference to Fig. 1, according to which
a spring is employed to protrude the brush from the sheath, and a set screw or
clamp is used to hold the brush where desired.
Third. The construction described with reference to Figs. 4, 5, and 6, according to
which the brush is protruded or retracted by a screw.

page_text: Fourth. The construction described with reference to Figs. 7 and 8, according to
which the brush is moveable by a sliding stem with rack and pinion or setting
screw.
Fifth. The construction described with reference to Fig. 9, according to which
the brush is moveable by a pin working in a slit and held in a notch of the
sheath.
Sixth. The construction described with reference to Figs. 10 and 11 according
to which a sheath or ferrule embracing the brush is moveable along the stem.
Seventh. The construction of variable flat brush herein described with reference
to Figs. 15 and 16.
In witness whereof. I. the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
GERARD WENZESLAUS vox NAWROCKI. (L.S.)