A Combined Gas and Steam Motor Engine
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Oct., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 28th July, 1890-Accepted, 13th Sept., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A Combined Gas and Steam Motor Engine,
I, HERMANN HAEDICKE, of Remscheid, Germany, Engineer and Director of the
Technical College for Iron and Steel Manufactures in Remscheid, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
My invention relates to an improved construction of motor engine worked by com
bustible gas and steam combined, which I will proceed to describe with reference to
the accompanying drawings which shew by way of example a construction of engine
embodying my improvements and in which
Fig. 1 shews a plan of the engine,
Fig. 2 a longitudinal section through the steam generator and digester, and
Fig. 3 shews a vertical section of the feed water heater.
/ feed valve.
The engine is constructed with two cylinders working according to the "compound
system and having their cranks placed at 90° to each other.
Steam enters the small cylinder on one side of the piston, on the other side of which
the gases work, as will be afterwards explained.
The steam and gases expand fully in the large cylinder. The engine therefore is a
compound one, both for steam and gases; it might also be worked by each fluid
alone.
The gases which I employ are those generated in an ordinary gas producer or
digester 1, Fig. 2, charged with a suitable combustible matter for the reduction of
carbonic acid, with or without hydrogen, that is to say, with or without the introduc-
tion of water or steam.
This gas is first introduced into a steam generator 2 and a where it is cooled down
producing steam. This generator is an ordinary steam boiler of any suitable con-
struction but arranged so that when desired, the fire can be removed, and the furnace
and ashpit as also the chimney be hermetically closed.
In Fig. 2 these parts are shewn open, but in the plan Fig. 1, they are supposed to

page_text: be closed. When they are open as at Fig. 2 the steam boiler acts in the usual manner
for producing steam for working the engine, a fire being lighted in the furnace;
when the fire is removed and the said openings are closed, it is in condition for normal
working, receiving the hot gases from the producer.
After being cooled by giving up their heat to the boiler, the gases pass to the com-
pressing pump 3 and e as indicated by the arrows. This compressing pump is ccoled
by a refrigerating current and the temperature is regulated at will by passing either
exhaust steam, or water of condensation through the pipe 3 Fig. 1, or by using cold
water.
The compresser drives the gas into an accumulator 4 of sufficient capacity which
serves to supply the engine automatically.
.
From the accumulator the gas passes to the end of the small cylinder 5 in which it
is to work, namely the right hand end as shewn on the drawing. The charge can be
ignited by a flame or by a heated tube or by preference by an electric spark.
This explosion may take place either in the cylinder, at determined intervals of
time, or in the slide casing, or by preference at a suitable point between the compresser
and the slide casing. In the latter case it is not necessary to produce the explosion at
a precise moment); the accumulator is then filled with gaseous products of combustion
under pressure, and the cylinder then works simply with gas under pressure on the
one side and with steam on the other side. This mode of working consequently
requires no alteration in construction, and the expansions are effected in the usual
manner in the large cylinder 6.
On passing from the large cylinder, the expanded gas is led through a tubular feed
water heater 7 and g shewn in section at Fig. 3 and finally escapes through a pipe 8.
The feed water passes through this apparatus in the contrary direction, and thus
becomes highly heated before being forced into the steam boiler 2 and a.
The steam passes from the boiler to the end of the small cylinder in which it has to
work (the left hand end on the drawing); it then expands in the corresponding end
of the large cylinder, and then escapes either into the air or preferably into a
condenser d.
The water of condensation is led thence to the feed water heater through the
pipes d' passing, if desired, round the compresser 3 and e and is then forced into the
boiler 2 and a.
Shortly repeated the ways of the gases and steam are the following :-
The gases, generated in the digester 1 passing through the boiler 2 and a are acted
upon by the compresser 3 and e and driven into the accumulator 4. Escaping from
the latter they enter one after the other into the small cylinder 5 and 6 and the large
cylinder 6 and c. Finally they pass through the feed water heater 7 and g to
the exhaust 8. The way of the steam generated by the boiler 2 and a is the
following:
Having worked consecutively in the cylinders 3 and 6 and 6 and c it escapes into
the condenser d. The feed water produced is driven by the feed pump f to the feed
water heater 7 and g, re-entering the boiler 2 and a. On its way from the condenser d
to the feed pump f it may or may not be made to cool the compresser 3 and e.
The construction of engine which I have described and shewn on the drawing
permits of very varied conditions of working; thus, while leaving the action of the
steam unaltered, the action of the gas can be modified in various ways without having
to modify the construction of the engine. I will describe, by way of example, some of
the principal modifications of the working.
a. The slide or valve closing the chimney of the boiler 2 and a can be left open to
a certain extent, so that the compressing pump 3 and e will draw in simultaneously
gas from the producer 1 and atmospheric air; in this case a mixture of air and gas
will be forced into the accumulator 4 from which it is taken to work in the
engine.
b. The slide valve 3b on the pipe connecting the two ends of the compresser, can be
closed and at the same time an air aperture 3° at the left hand of this pipe be opened;
the compresser then forces gas at the one end and air at the other, so that the accumu-

page_text: lator receives a mixture of air and gas ready for explosion. There may also be a
special pump for the compression of the air.
In the two cases a and b above described, the pipe 4* which establishes the communi-
cation between the accumulator and the working cylinder is lined with suitable
material for preventing the propagation of the explosion while allowing the passage
of the gas. When the pressure does not exceed six atmospheres this precaution is not
necessary.
c. As in the previous case 6, one end of the compresser is made to force air (with
or without a special accumulator for air) but this air is conveyed directly to a slide
valve casing where it is mixed in the ordinary manner with the explosive gas for each
charge. In this case also, the compresser may be made to force gas at both ends, and
there may be a special pump for the air.
d. The small cylinder can be made to draw in simultaneously combustible gas and
air, as in the Otto engine.
For this purpose the valves of the compresser are kept open and the accumulator
only serves as a reservoir of gas and air at ordinary pressure.
e. The compresser 3 and can be entirely dispensed with and the large working
cylinder be used as compressing pump; this cylinder can in this case force air at the
one end and gas at the other. The engine then works as a simple high pressure
engine.
f. The large cylinder can also be entirely dispensed with, the engine being in that
case also made to act as a simple high pressure one.
Lastly. I have indicated above that the explosion of the gas can be effected at
different points of its course.
If the engine is made to work with combustible gas produced elsewhere, the con-
struction is simplified; the gas producer 1 and the heater 7 are dispensed with and
the products of combustion, after working in the cylinders, are conveyed directly into
the boiler 2 and a.
It will be seen that my above described invention can be applied to existing steam
engines, the gas producer being added; the heat of the gases produced may or may
not be utilized in this case.
The one end of the steam cylinder of the engine is made to work with steam and
the other end with gas as above described.
Dated this 28th day of October 1889.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A Combined Gas and Steam Motor Engine.
I, HERMANN HAEDICKE of Remscheid, Germany, Engineer and Director of the
Technical College for Iron and Steel Manufacturers in Remscheid, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to an improved construction of motor engines worked by
combustible gas and steam combined, wherein the motor is made to produce its own
combustible gas, and is provided with appliances whereby the heat produced by the
explosion of the gases, is enabled to be utilised to the greatest possible extent.
The construction of the said motor engine is shewn on the accompanying
drawing in which Figure 1 shews a general plan of the engine, Figure 2 a
longitudinal section through the combined gas and steam generator. Figure 3 a
vertical section through the feed water heater, Figure 4 a horizontal section
through the working cylinders, Figures 5 and 6 sections on lines x and y y
Figure 4; Figure 7 a longitudinal section through the compressing pump, Figure 8
a vertical section through the pressure accumulator.
As shewn in Figure 1, the motor engine consists mainly of a gas producer A, a

page_text: steam generator B, a small working cylinder C, a large working cylinder D acting in
combination as a compound engine upon the crank shaft E, thus forming with this and
the connecting rods F the motor engine proper.
G is a condenser, H a compressor, I a pressure accumulator, K a feed water heater
and La feed pump.
The gas producer A Figures 1 and 2 which may be of any known construction, is
shewn by way of example consisting of a cylindrical receptacle a which is filled with
fuel charged through the hopper a, closed by a cover.
At the lower end it is provided with a grate a² and a fire door a.
About the middle of the cylinder a, a pipe 2 is provided, for leading off the
combustible gases, which pipe passes through the protective casing as to the steam
generator B, being provided between these parts with a protective jacket 21.
The steam generator B may be a generator of any known construction; by way of
example a tubular boiler with internal firing is shown. The only peculiarity consists
in the arrangement of a passage b through the waterspace behind the rear smoke box,
which establishes a communication between the before mentioned pipe 2, and the
heating space. The generator has an ordinary furnace which can be closed airtight
in front by a plate 6' indicated in dotted lines at Figure 2, which plate together with
the bonnet or valve & closing the chimney, enables the heating chamber to be closed
in such a manner that the gases entering through pipe 2 are caused in passing through
the fire tubes, to issue through a pipe 3 connected to the front end of the outer smoke
box, which tube forms the supply pipe of the compressor H. The steam space of the
boiler B-communicates by pipe 4 with the front slide valve chest c of the small
cylinder G, Figures 1, 4 and 5, in which the steam is distributed by an ordinary
D slide c² worked by an excentric from the shaft E.
After the steam has acted on one side of the piston of the small cylinder C it passes
through a pipe 5 to the front slide valve chest of the large cylinder D. This slide
valve chest contains a D slide worked by an excentric from the shaft E, and distributes
the steam to the one side of the piston of cylinder D). The exhaust steam from this
cylinder can pass through a pipe 6 to the condenser G where it is condensed.
The condenser, which may be of any known construction, is in the present case
shewn as a pump condenser.
The cou presser, Figure 7 is shewn by way of example as a double acting pump.
The supply pipe 3 with its branches 3' 32 connected to either end of the pump are
shewn in Figure 1 at the side of the pump, while in Figure 7 for the sake of clearance
they are shewn at the underside of the same, the branches 8 and 82 of the pressure
discharge pipe 8 being shewn at the top of the pump in both figures. The several
branches of the suction and pressure pipes can be closed by automatically closing
valves.
In the branch 3¹ of pipe 3 is a shut off valve h, Figure 7, so that this branch can
be cut off from the main pipe.
The part of branch 31 which, in that case, remains in communication with the pump,
can be put in communication with the atmosphere by a cock h' so that the pump then
draws combustible gas on one side and air on the other.
The pump cylinder of the compressor H is surrounded by a cooling jacket h² into
which refrigerating liquid is introduced as will be presently described, through a
pipe 9, and from which it is discharged by a pipe 10.
The pressure discharge pipe 8 of the compresser communicates with the lower end
of the pressure accumulator I Figure 8 and the latter communicates by a pipe 11 with
the rear slide valve chest c' of the small cylinder C. In this chest is a D slide valve c³
actuated by a rod from the front steam slide c. The exhaust passage of the slide c
communicates with the supply pipe 12 of the rear slide valve chest d' of the large
cylinder D. The D slide valve as of this chest is actuated by a rod from the front
slide valve d. The exhaust passage of slide d³ communicates with a pipe 13 leading
to the feed beater K. The latter is constructed; by way of example, in a similar
manner to a surface condenser with tubes over the outer surface of which the liquid to
be heated is made to pass; it is provided at the end opposite the inlet pipe 13, that is

page_text: in the present case at the bottom, with a discharge pipe 14 leading to the atmosphere.
The feed water to be heated can be introduced into the casing through a pipe 15 at
bottom, and be discharged through pipe 16 at the upper end, which is provided with a
valve 6, into the water space of the boiler B, the flow of the water being effected by
a feed pump L worked either from the crosshead of cylinder C, as shewn, or by an
excentric on the shaft E, the discharge of the pump being connected to the
pipe 15.
The suction pipe of the pump is formed by a pipe 17 branching from the discharge
pipe 61 of the condenser G, to which pipe 17 the pipes 9 and 10 of the compresser
jacket are connected.
A cock 17' situated between the connections of 9 and 10 enables the liquid drawn
by the pump L from the pipe 61 to be passed through the cooling jacket h³ of the
compresser before entering the pump.
The above described motor engine operates as follows:-
=
The fuel in the gas producer A having been ignited upon the grate a², the
carbonic acid gas together with the nitrogen resulting from the combustion with air
in the layer immediately over the grate, in rising up through the body of fuel above,
is converted in the well known manner into carbonic oxide according to the
formula:- -C + CO, 2 CO. If, in addition to air, some steam were admitted from
the boiler, this will also be decomposed according to the formula:
CH, OCO + 2 H, thus forming the mixture of gases known as
" water
gas."
These gases pass through the pipe 2 into the heating chamber of the steam
generator B, the furnace and chimney of which are respectively closed by door b¹ and
valve 62 as before stated. The water in the boiler is, at starting, heated by a fire on
the furnace grate, but this is afterwards discontinued as the gases coming from the
producer have sufficient heat to raise the required steam, for the working of the
engine. The combustible gases are drawn off through the pipe 3 by the compresser
pump H, the valve h of the pipe 3, being open, while the cock h' is closed. The
valve 6 is at the same time opened sufficiently to allow the requisite proportion of air
to enter and mix with the gases for forming an explosive mixture, so that when a
charge thereof is forced by the compresser H into the pressure accumulator I and is
brought in contact with an igniting device which may either be in the pipe 8, the
pressure accumulator, or the pipo 11, an explosion will ensue, which will be repeated
every time a fresh quantity of mixture is delivered from the compresser H to the
pipe 8. Gases under pressure will thus be continuously produced in the accumulator I
and pipes 8 and 11, which are made to act on the rear side of the piston of the small
cylinder C as soon as the slide 3 establishes the communication with the latter.
After these gases have performed work in expanding behind the piston of the
small cylinder, they pass through the pipe 12 into the large cylinder D in order by
their further expansion to perform further work. The pistons of the cylinders C
and D are acted upon at their front sides by steam supplied from the boiler through
pipes 4 and 5, the exhaust steam being led to the coudeuser G through pipe 6. The
gases passing off from cylinder D by pipe 13, are led through the tubes of the
feed heater K and through pipe 14 to the open air. A portion of the water of
condensation and of the cooling water of the condenser G is drawn by the feed
pump L either directly through the pipe 17, if the cock 171 is open, or through
pipe 9, cooling jacket h of the compresser, and pipe 10, and is forced thereby through
pipe 15, feed heater K pipe 16 and valve b into the boiler B, so that a continuous
working of the engine can be effected by steam, notwithstanding that the action of
the gas producer A may be interrupted from time to time for charging it with a
fresh supply of fuel.
Instead of introducing the requisite air to the combustible gases through the
valve 62 for forming the explosive mixture, the valve in the branch pipe 31 can be
closed and the cock opened so as to draw in the requisite air for forming the
explosive mixture on one side of the compressor piston as described. Also, instead
of effecting the ignition between the slide valve and the compresser as described, it

page_text: may be effected within the valve chest or cylinder so that there shall be an ignition
at each stroke, as with ordinary gas motor engines.
The air drawn in through cock h', instead of being led through pipe 8 to the
accumulator I might also be led directly to the rear end of the small cylinder through
a pipe not shewn on the drawing. In this case the ordinary slide valve gear would
have to be replaced by valve gear with igniting device such as as is used with gas
motor engines. The piston of the small cylinder might also be worked in the same
manner as that of a four-stroke-cycle gas motor engine, that is to say a charge of
explosive mixture be drawn into the cylinder and compressed therein and then fired,
in which case the compresser H could be dispensed with.
Lastly, the compresser H, may be arranged to draw in only combustible gas, and
a special pump be provided by which the air is forced either into the accumulator I,
or directly into the engine cylinder C.
In order to prevent the flame of the explosion flashing back into the compresser, a
suitable device such as wire gauze, metal shavings or the like may be introduced into
the pipe 8, for arresting the passage of flame in the well known manner.
The admission of steam to the cylinders C and D may be effected by lift valves or
cocks instead of by slide valves. The form of the gas producer A, of the steam
generator B, the condenser G, the compresser H and the feed heater K may all be
variously modified without departing from the nature of this invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I am
aware of the Specification of Letters Patent granted to Charles Tellier No. 7140
of 1889 and I wish it to be understod that I do not claim anything described and
claimed therein but what I claim is :-
1. In a combined gas and steam motor engine, the combination with the motor
engine of a steam generator and a gas producer so arranged that the hot combustible
gases from the latter are made to pass through the steam generator and to supply
the necessary heat for raising steam without entering into combustion, the cooled
gases being subsequently compressed and mixed with air to form an explosive
mixture which operates in one end of the engine cylinder, the steam from the
generator being made to act in the other end, substantially as described.
2. The modified arrangement of the combined gas and steam motor engine
referred to in the preceding claim, wherein the combustible gas from the heating
chamber of the steam generator is drawn directly into the engine cylinder and is
compressed therein before being fired, as in a four stroke cycle gas motor engine,
substantially as described.
3. In a steam generator heated by the heat of producer gases such as is referred
to in the first claim, the combination, with an ordinary furnace of a door for closing
the furnace and ashpit and a valve or slide for closing the chimney flue so that, on
starting, the steam generator can be heated by an ordinary fire by opening the said
door and valve, substantially as described.
'
4. In a combined gas and steam motor engine such as is referred to in the first
claim, the arrangement whereby the cooled combustible gases mixed with air coming
from the steam generator are compressed by a compressing pump and forced thereby
into a pressure accumulator from which the explosive mixture passes to the one end
of the engine cylinder, being ignited so as to effect explosion either in the accumulator
or in the passage leading to the cylinder or in the cylinder itself, substantially as
described.
5. In a combined gas and steam motor engine operating as set forth in the first
claim, the arrangement whereby the cooled combustible gases without admixture of
air passing from the heating chamber of the steam generator, are compressed by a
compressing pump and are supplied thereby to the engine cylinder either directly or
through a pressure accumulator or reservoir, and after being there mixed with the
necessary proportion of air to form an explosive mixture, are exploded, substantially
as described.

page_text: 6. In a combined gas and steam motor engine operating as set forth in the first
claim, the arrangement whereby the combustion gases are made to pass from the
engine cylinder through a feed water heater in order to impart their heat to the
feed water for the steam generator, substantially as described.
7. In a combined gas and stean motor engine operating as set forth in the first
claim, arranging the double acting compresser H in such manner that one branch of
the suction pipe 3 leading from the heating generator can be closed against such
communication, and can be put in communication with the atmosphere so that the
compressor may feed combustible gas on the one side of the piston, and air on the
other side to the motor engine, substantially as described.
Dated this 28th day of July 1890.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.