Improvements in or relating to Valves for Engines or Motors.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Nov., 1898-Accepted, 26th Aug., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Valves for Engines or Motors.
I, EDGARD DÉSIRÉ NICOLAS GEORIS, of 15, Boulevard Audent, Charleroi, in
Belgium, Barrister, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement : ---
Attempts have already been made to use rotary cocks for engines and motors,
but, on the one hand, they did not effect a complete distribution of the acting
fluid, so that it was necessary to have several devices for one cylinder and
arrange supplementary valves, and on the other hand they suffer from many
drawbacks, such as insufficiently tight joints, difficulty of lubricating, and jambing
at the joints.
This invention relates to a distributing device constituted by a conical cock
rotating in a continuous manner and designed so that it effects the complete
distribution, that is to say successively the admission of fluid such as gas or
explosive mixture into the cylinder, compression and ignition, expansion and
exhaust.
The cone of the new distributing cock according to this invention is partly
arranged like a valve, i.e. so as to be movable in its casing in a direction at
right angles to the plane of its rotation and to be held on its seat by a
spring, but the distributing action takes place at right angles to the axis of the
cone as in an ordinary cock. The result of this arrangement is that not only
the joints of the distributing cock are perfectly tight and no leakage etc. can
take place, but also the absolute impossibility of the jambing of the cone.
The same principle of construction may be applied not only to a distributor
for a single cylinder, but also enables the complete distributing devices of a series
of cylinders or of all the cylinders of a motor with several cylinders, to be
combined in one apparatus, or in some cases to combine the complete distributing
devices for the two sides of a piston. Such a general distributor, apart from
economy of construction, space and weight, has also the advantage of enabling
a general and uniform regulation for all the cylinders to be easily effected and
of having, in explosion engines, the compression chambers outside the cylinders.
Figs. 1 to 4 of the accompanying drawings illustrate by way of example, a
distributing cock for a single cylinder. Figs. 5 to 7 representing a distributing
cock for several or all of the cylinders of a four-stroke motor.
Figs. 1 and 2 shows the distributing cock for a single cylinder in cross section
and longitudinal section respectively.
Fig. 3 is an end view of a motor with several cylinders, in which the distri-
buting cocks applied at the bottoms of the cylinders, are connected together and
arranged on the same operating shaft.
Fig. 4 shows an operating device for the two series of distributors applied to
a motor with opposite cylinders.
The distributing cock is constituted by a plug or cone A adapted to rotate
continuously, (in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 1) in a casing B
provided with three ways or ports a be, the first one a communicating with the

page_text: inlet pipe or conduit for gas explosive mixture or other operating fluid, the
second b communicating with the cylinder and the third c communicating with an
exhaust pipe. In the cone A is formed a port d, of rectangular section, in the
longitudinal direction of the cock, by means of which the port 3 is successively
placed in communication with the inlet and outlet conduits a and c, whereas
the full portion e of the cone closes the conduit during the compression,
ignition and expansion of the gases. The width of the opening shown by the
arc of a circle SS (Fig. 1) is suited to the different sections of the conduits a b c
and to the relative positions of the latter in the casing B, that is to say to the
full or solid surface of the casing representing (by arcs of circles a a and ẞ B)
the distances between the conduits a and c and the conduit b. Diametrically
opposite the latter, the casing B has a longitudinal recess f in which is placed
a wick or filling saturated with suitable lubricating material said wick being
casily introduced into and withdrawn from the apparatus. The cone A presents
beyond its conical surface of slight conicity a more strongly conical surface (h)
adapted to engage in a conical seat in the casing of the cock. The cone A is
longitudinally movable on its spindle C and is held against its seat g h by a
helical spring 1) surrounding the spindle C. On one of the faces of the cone is
arranged a contact pin i adapted to come once in every revolution in contact with
an electric igniting device secured to the cylinder.
In the arrangement shown in Fig. 3, the conduits a of three distributing cocks
are connected to a suction or inlet pipe j, all the conduits c being connected to a
common exhaust pipe k, constituting at the same time a silencer. The cones of
these three distributors are all arranged on the same driving spindle C. The
latter may be of triangular cross-section (Fig. 1) for the purpose of facilitating
the fitting of the cocks, as the three cones have to be mounted on the shaft one
after another and have different relative positions. The spindle C is continuously
rotated by means of any suitable transmission gearing connected to the main
driving shaft of the motor. For this purpose it is preferred to use a chain wheel
connected by an endless chain with a wheel secured to the main shaft. Fig. 4
shows a transmission by chain for distributors applied to a motor with opposite
cylinders. The wheel m keyed to the main shaft communicates through the
endless chain n a rotary movement to the wheels and driving the spindles CC
of the distributing valves. This chain may be an ordinary driving chain or a
perforated strip of metal.
It will be now easily understood that the cone A is kept in position by the
spring D, like a valve, the joint between it and its seat being perfectly tight,
and that on the other hand, in case of expansion of the metal, the axial movement
of the cone which can take place against the pressure of the spring D, combined
with the action of pressures in the direction at right angles to the axis of the
cone and the continuous and perfect oiling by the wick, prevents all chance of
jambing. The scissor-like action between the edges of the cut away part of
the cone and the edges of the openings or conduits in the casing, prevents any
burnt oil or other foreign matters from penetrating between and clogging the
cone and its seat, as frequently occurs in ordinary distributing valves. The
distributing cock is very solidly constructed and only becomes worn out after a
very prolonged period of use.
The other figures represent the application of the hereinbefore described
principle of construction to a general distributing cock.
The latter apparatus consists of a continuously rotating distributing cock in
a casing closed on two sides and divided by the cone into a suction or inlet
and mixing chamber and into an exhaust chamber, said casing being connected
to conduits admitting gas explosive mixture, or steam or the like, and exhaust
conduits, and on the other hand to several or all of the cylinders of the motor,
the connecting tubes leading to the cylinders forming compression chambers.
The distributing cone is held by a spring in the conical seat of the casing,
so as to ensure a tight joint, and at the same time to enable the cone or plug

page_text: of the cock to move in the direction of its longitudinal axis. But at the opposite
side to this spring, the plug rests on a support, the action of which for its effect
to make the cone move back or become adjusted under the action of heat, as the
metal of the support has a larger co-efficient of expansion that that of the walls
of the parts forming the joint of the distributor, the jambing of the parts which
might result from expansion, being thus absolutely prevented.
Figs. 5 and 6 are respectively a cross section and a longitudinal section of a
distributor arranged for a motor with four cylinders.
Fig. 7 is a plan of a motor with four cylinders arranged in opposite pairs,
provided with a common or general distributing apparatus.
The cone A which may be cast in one piece with the spindle C on which a
toothed wheel L is keyed, receives from the latter a continuous rotary motion in
the interior of the casing B in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 1,
and make one revolution during the time that the motor shaft makes two revolu-
tions. This cone A divides the casing B which is closed at two sides, into two
compartments E and F. one of which E, communicates with the inlet conduits
for the admission of the motive fluid and which in the example, are constituted
by a tube a for the admission of air and a tube al for the admission of explosive
fluid, while the other chamber F communicates with an exhaust conduit c. At
the place occupied by the distributing cone, that is to say between the two
compartments E and F, the casing B is externally provided with four connecting
These
tubes 6 6 6 6 leading to the four cylinders 1, 2, 3, 4 of the motor.
conduits may enter either the wall or the bottom of the cylinder and are in all
cases arranged so as to be all of the same length (Fig. 7). In the distributing
cone A are formed two openings dd one of which dis in open communication
with the suction chamber, and the other with the exhaust chamber of the
casing of the distributor. These openings extend to the circumference of the
cone A (Fig. 5) and during the rotation of the cone A successively communicate
with the tubes 62 61 63 64 leading to the cylinders 2, 1, 3, 4. Each tube is
consequently first connected by the opening d₁ to the inlet for the explosive
mixture etc. afterwards closed during the period of compression, ignition and
explosion, by the large full portion y y', and finally connected by the opening d
with the exhaust conduit, as soon as the exhaust period is terminated (which is
the case when the edge of the second full portion of the cone has reached
the opposite edge of the tube in question, the same tube immediately communi-
cates with the suction port d', the second full portion of the cone being equal
to the diameter of the opening of the tubes 61 62 63 64. Said tubes constituting
extensions of the cylinders, form compression chambers. Consequently the
cylinders will be less heated than those of ordinary explosion motors in which the
compression and the ignition take place in the interior of the cylinders. More-
over the tubes may be more easily and more efficiently cooled than the compact
masses of the cylinders. The toothed wheel L which rotates the cone A is
provided with a contact pin which at the desired moment produces the ignition
contact with the electric igniting device arranged in the tubes bb bb. The
cone or plug A with its spindle C can slide in a longitudinal direction. A helical
spring 1 surrounding the spindle C presses the cone on to the conical seat of the
casing B, and thus ensures a tight joint. But heat resulting from the com-
bustion of the gases produces an expansion of the cone and of the distributing
casing. This expansion is apt to produce a jambing of the valve in its seat,
which is a fault inherent to conical plug distributors, whence the difficulty that
was hitherto formed in utilising conical valve for complete distribution, more
particularly for the exhaust. In the distributor shown in the first three figures
as well as in the distribution in the last three figures of the drawing this
drawback is obviated by the mobility of the cones in a longitudinal direction,
while the distribution is effected at right angles to said longitudinal axis, the
result of which arrangement is that the cone has a tendency to move back in its
seat under the action of the explosion in opposition to the action of the spring D.
i

page_text: In the multiple distributor shown in Figures 5, 6 and 7 the action of heat being
very strong, it is advisable to assist this tendency of backward movement of the
cone by a device constituting an efficient force acting in opposition to the spring.
To this end the cone A of the multiple distributor, Figs. 5 to 7, is arranged so
as to rest on a support made of a material having a greater co-efficient of expansion
that the material of which the cone and the casing are made. This support
Fig. 6, consists of a screw G which is placed in the bottom of the casing B
opposite the spring D and on the point of which screw the cone A pivots. The
screw is provided with a hand-wheel with notches or teeth with which engages a
spring pawl g which enables the position of the screw in the casing and con-
sequently the degree of tightness of the joint to be regulated relatively to the
co-efficient of expansion. When the distributor becomes heated the expansion
of the screw G being greater than that of the cone A and of the casing B, the
cone is pushed against the action of the spring 1) as the temperature rises, and
the parts A and B can freely expand without causing any jambing between
the surfaces. When the heat diminishes, the contraction of the screw G enables
the spring to push the cone further down into its seat.
It goes without saying that a counter part such as G may be also applied to a
simple distributor as Figures 1 to 4, but in this case it will be sufficient to
provide the casing B with an independent conical bottom, such as h, screwed into
the casing and made of a metal or alloy having a larger co-efficient of expansion
than the metal of the casing B and cone A. The oiling of the joint may be
easily effected by means of a lubricating device secured to the casing B.
The toothed wheel L actuating the cone A of the multiple distributor, Figs. 5
to 7, is driven by a wheel M keyed to the main shaft of the motor. On this shaft
is arranged a centrifugal Pickering governor the sleeve R of which is connected
in a suitable manner to the suction valve arranged in the conduit a or in the
casing B above the entrance of said conduit.
As in the rotary distributor Figures 1 to 4, the scissor-like action of the cone,
Figures 5 to 7, in the casing B results in preventing burnt oil, etc., from pene-
trating into the joint.
This general distributor may be also advantageously used for distribution in
steam engines, compressed air motors hydraulic motors, and the like.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. A distributing cock for engines comprising a cone in a casing connected
to the admission pipe for the motive fluid to an exhaust pipe and to one or two
sides of the cylinder or cylinders, said cone effecting the complete distribution
of the fluid to and from the cylinder or cylinders.
2. A distributing cock for engines comprising a distributing cone, arranged
so as to be adapted to move longitudinally in the direction of its axis of rotation,
the distribution being effected at right angles to said axis.
3. A distributing cock for engines characterised by a rotatory cone adapted to
move longitudinally and held in its seat by a spring.
4. A distributing cock for engines characterised by a rotatory cone movable
longitudinally and resting at one end against a spring and at the other end
against a support made of a material having a larger co-efficient of expansion than
that of the material of the distributing cone and the casing.
:
5. A construction of distributing cock of the kind described, in which the
casing of the distributor for a single cylinder is provided with two diametrically
opposite branches one for inlet of fluid and the other for discharges and a
branch leading to the cylinder of the motor, said branch being arranged between
the two other branches and at right angles to their axis, a conical plug being
provided with a lateral recess forming a distributing opening and successively
connecting the intermediate branch with the inlet branch and the discharge

page_text: branch, the full portion of the cone closing the branch during the period of com-
pression, ignition and expansion of the gases.
6. A construction of distributing cock of the kind described in which the
casing of the distributor for a single cylinder is provided with a conical seat of
slight conicity and a part of it of greater conicity corresponding to the shape
of the distributing cone.
7. A construction of distributing cock of the kind described in which the
casing of the cock has a longitudinal recess in which is arranged a wick or filling
saturated with lubricating material.
8. The arrangement of several distributors on the same rotating spindle, the
inlet branch and the discharge branch forming branches of the common main
conduits.
9. The arrangement of a contact part on the cone of the distributor cock for the
purpose of obtaining electric ignition at each revolution of the cone.
10. The operation of the distributors by means of a driving chain or perforated
strip acting on a wheel secured to the spindle of the distributors.
11. A construction of distributing cock of the kind described constituting a
general distributor and comprising a closed casing divided by the cone into two
compartments with which are connected the admission tube for the motive fluid
and the exhaust tube, the portion occupied by the cone being connected to the
cylinders of the motor, while the cone is provided with two openings one of which
is in communication with the suction compartment and the other open with the
discharge compartment of the casing, the two openings successively placing the
conduits of the cylinders in communication with one or the other compartment
of the distributing casing while the full portion of the cone successively closes
them during the period of compression, ignition and expansion of the gases.
12. A construction of general distributor in which the distributing cone
controlled by a spring as D pivots on the point of a screw G made of material
having a larger co-efficient of expansion than that of the material of the cone and
casing, said screw being provided with a hand wheel with notches enabling the
position of the screw to be regulated with regard to the expansion of the distri-
buting parts.
13. A construction of general distributor in which the conduits (61 62 63 64) con-
necting the distributing casing with two sides of a cylinder or with several
cylinders of a motor constitute compression chambers outside the cylinder, the
conduits being all substantially of the same length.
14. In a general distributor the arrangement of a contact part i secured to the
driving wheel of the spindle of the distributing cone, said contact part successively
producing contact for ignition with electric igniting device arranged in the
connecting tubes substantially as described.
15. Means for operating the general distributor by a toothed wheel gear M L
connected to the main shaft of the motor, the shaft being provided with a
centrifugal governor, the movable sleeve of which operates a radiating valve
arranged in the admission pipe for the motive fluid.
16. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the complete
distributor cocks substantially as described or illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3,
or in Figures 5, 6 and 7 of the accompanying drawings.
D
1411
Nahan 1000
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.