Improved Process and Furnace for the Preparation of Crude Glass, according to Leuffgen's Method, by the Combined Use of Water Gas, Coal Gas, Wood Gas, Oil Gas, or Natural Gases, and Generator Gas.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 7th May, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 30th Jan., 1890-Accepted, 1st Mar., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Process and Furnace for the Preparation of Crude Glass,
according to Leuffgen's Method, by the Combined Use of Water
Gas, Coal Gas, Wood Gas, Oil Gas, or Natural Gases, and
Generator Gas.
1, JULIUS QUAGLIO, of 25 Louisenstrasse, Berlin, N W. Germany, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows
In the glass industry, the glass used for treatment, proceeds from compounds
which are melted in the pots or hearths of furnaces, serving likewise for working
the same throughout. Separate experiments have been undertaken by various
experimenters with a view to carry out the melting process in peculiar furnaces and
to feed the melted mass in a liquid or cooled state to the working furnaces while
endeavouring to free the mode of proceeding hitherto resorted to from a number
of the defects attending the same
A series of practical experiments has led to a new process for the manufacture
from a vitreous mass of a middle or intermediate compound, to this intermediate
compound the Inventor has given the name of Calcın (Crude glass) which Calcin
can be fed to the working furnace without any admixture of alkalies and in a
cold state in order to he heited therem and used for the manufacture of the glass
wares of commerce By these means, an extraordinary yielding manufacturing
mass can be continuously supplied as well in pot furnaces as in furnaces provided
with tanks or cisterns (hearths) Owing to the use of Calcin the rapid destruction of
the material constituting the furnaces whether furnished with pots or cisterns which is
brought about by the decomposing action of the alkalies when the mass is directly
melted, is prevented and a better product free from threads or streaks, striae or
wreaths is thus obtained.
The preparation of the Calcin is effected by means of the usual vitreous mass or
mixture employed in the manufacture of glass in the manner herein before described
and with the aid of the furnace and apparatus shown on the accompanying drawing.
Figures 1 to 3 show a melting cistern in plan, in longitudinal and in cross section.
a, a¹, and b, b, are the two air and gas flue pipes arranged on both sides of the cistern
and through which the gases circulate alternately as in the ordinary regenerative
system and are consumed in the space covered by the arch which contains centrally a
collecting pan or basın provided with inclined melting trays or platforms e, e, raised at
the sides, and with projecting ribs or flanges f, f. between the collecting pan and the
melting trays Over the arch of the melting furnace 13 a gallery g whereon is placed
the melting pots
The arch itself is provided above the melting trays e, e¹, with openings, the number
of which depends upon requirements These openings are furnished with flues /
leading to the bottom of the gallery and serving for the recention of a melting pot
closed by a lid, shde, or other practical covering means In these melting pots con-
sisting of refractory material, the vitreous mixture or material is placed and melted
('own continuously under the action of a pointed flame or dart generated from water
gas, lighting gas, or natural gas by a tuyere arranged at the bottom thereof and
actuated by a blast
For running off the material from the melting pot to the flue, there is arranged a
water pocket which, when in operation is filled up with molten glassy mass, prevents
the products of combustion, which are in contact with the pointed flame and are led
away in a suitable manner near the mouth of the tuyere, from entering the space in
the melting furnace, and also prevents at the same time the unmelted particles of
glassy material found upon the surface of the melted vitreous mass which is running
off, from being carried away.

page_text: The melting pots may be made of refractory material alone, but the latter may be
also replaced in parts or altogether by metal cooled with the aid of water. From the
melting pots, the vitreous mass previously melted by the pointed flame or dait to a
soft or pappy consistence pa-ses though the flues han arrive upon the melting
trays or platforms e, e', whence it is conveyed over the flange or coping f, which
causes it to flow in thin layers into the collecting pan or bisin d of the meltang
cistern. The melting pots are independent of the cistern and only communicate with
the same as described at the outlet and through the flues h When used up they can
be replaced without interfering with the process which is being carried on
The spaces d, e, e¹, ot the melting cistern are maintained at a high and even
temperature of fusion by means of generator gas or by any suitable direct firing
and the generator gas (Siemens gaz) obtained as a bye product in the generation of
water gas can be fully and economically used as fuel by introducing it in the fire, or
combustion space. Owing to the circumstance that the space in the melting cistern
is not cooled through the introduction of a cold mass, and owing moreover to the
running off in a heat d state of the mass previously melted to a soft consistence by
means of the pointed flame, which mass is received at a high and even melting
temperature, nearly the whole process of refining the glass stream arrived in the
basin d is carried out on the melting trays e, el, and as the material runs over the
flange or coping ƒ ƒ¹, a constant flow of the Calcın formed will run from the bottom
of the collecting pan through an outlet opening regulated according to the quantity
of refined glass produced, and can be removed in cinder tubs, water pits or the
buckets of an endless travelling chain.
For the class of glass wares requiring a high temperature in the working furnace,
the Calcın formed in the above described manner in a continuous flow will be found
to answer well, being in a highly suitable state of refinement, as any irregularity in
the high temperature of the working furnace is fully remedied
For the production of Calcin suitable for sheet or flint glass and the like which
should be made in the working furnace at a lower temperature than the above, it is
necessary after the collecting pan is full, to interrupt for a time, the melting process
in the melting pots, while the glass mass collected is being subjected to a thorough
refining. After the contents of the collecting space d has been allowed to run out,
the process is commenced afresh. In this case however and in order to hurry on the
filling of the basin, melting pots can be placed upon the basin space d, their products
running direct through flues formed in the pan or basin without passing the melting
trays and flange or coping
In the final preparation of the Calcın for commercial wares the same is reheated
without the addition of vitreous substances or of alkalies, this being carried on
continuou-ly or intermittently, in a similar manner as has been heretofore done when
treating vitreous compounds in working furnaces for the manufacture of glass
Dated this 7th day of May 1889
H. GARDNER,
166, Fleet Street, London, Agent for the said Julius Quaglio.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Process, and Furnace for the Preparation of Crude Glass,
according to Leuffgen's Method, by the Combined Use of Water
Gas, Coal Gas, Wood Gas, Oil Gas, or Natural Gases, and
Generator Gas.
I, JULIUS QUAGLIO, of 25 Louisenstrasse, Berlin, NW Germany, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement
In the glass industry, the glass used for treatment, proceeds fion compounds which
are melted in the pots, or hearths of furnaces, serving likewise for working the same
throughout. Separate experiments have been undertaken by various experimenters

page_text: with a view to carry out the melting process in peculiar furnaces and to feed the
melted mass in a liquid or cooled state to the working furnaces while endeavouring to
free the mode of proceeding hitherto resorted to from a number of the defects
attending the same.
A series of practical experiments has led to a new process for the manufacture from
a vitreous mass of a middle or intermediate compound. To this intermediate
compound, the Inventor has given the name of Calin (Crude Glass), which Calcin
can be fed to the working furnace without any admixture of alkalies and in a cold
state, in order to be heated therein and used for the manufacture of the glass wares of
commerce By these means, an extraordinary yielding manufacturing mass can be
continuously supplied as well in pot furnaces as in furnaces provided with tanks or
cisterns (hearths). Owing to the use of Calcin, the pud destruction of the material
constituting the furnaces, whether furnished with pot or cisterns, which 13 brought
about by the decomposing action of the alkalies when the mass is directly melted, is
prevented and a better product free from threads or streaks, striae, or wreaths is thus
obtained
The preparation of the Calcin is effected by means of the usual vitreous mass or
mixture employed in the manufacture of glass the manner herein described and
with the aid of the furnace and apparatus shown on the accompanying drawing.
Figures 1 to 3 show a melting cistein in plan, in longitudinal and in cross section.
a, a', and b, b, are the two air and gas flue pipes arranged on both sides of the cistern
and through which the gases circulate alternately as in the ordinary regenerative
system and are consumed in the space covered by the arch which contains centrally a
collecting pan or basın provided with inclined melting trays or platforms e, e¹, raised at
the sides, and with projecting ribs or flanges f,f, between the collecting pan and the
melting trays Over the arch of the melting furnace is a gallery g, whereon is placed
the melting pots
The arch itself is provided above the melting trays e, e', with openings, the number
of which depend upon requirements. These openings are furnished with flues h
leading to the bottom of the gallery and serving for the reception of a melting pot
closed by a lid, slide, or other practical covering means
In these melting pots
consisting of refractory material, the vitreous mixture or material is placed and melted
down continuously under the action of a pointed flame or dart generated from water
gas, lighting gas, or natural gas by a tuyere z arranged at the bottom thereof and
actuated by a blast
For running off the material from the melting pot to the flue there is arranged a
water pocket which, when in operation, is filled up with molten glassy mass, prevents
the products of combustion, which are in contact with the pointed flame and are led
away in a suitable manner near the mouth of the tuyere, from entering the space in
the melting furnace, and also prevents, at the same time, the unmelted particles of
glassy material found upon the surface of the melted vitreous mass which is running
off, from being carried away. The melting pots may be made of retractory material
alone, but the latter may be also replaced in parts, or altogether by metal cooled with
the aid of water
From the melting pots, the vitreous mass previously melted by the pointed flame,
or dart to a soft, or pappy consistence, passes through the flues h and arrives upon
the melting trays, or platforms e, e', whence it is conveyed over the flange or
coping,, which causes it to flow in thin layers into the collecting pan, or basın d
of the melting cistern The melting pots are independent of the cistern and only
communicate with the same as described at the outlet and through the flues / When
used up, they can be replaced without intertering with the process which is being
carried on The parts d, e, e¹ of the melting cistern are maintained at a high and
even temperature of fusion by means of generator gas, or by any suitable direct
firing and the generator gas (Siemens gas) obtained as a bye product in the generation
of water gas can be fully and economically used as fuel by introducing it in the fire,
or combustion space.
Owing to the circumstance that the space in the melting cistern is not cooled

page_text: through the introduction of a cold mass, and owing moreover to the running off in a
heated state of the mass previously melted to a soft consistence by means of the
pointed flame, which mass is received at a high and even melting temperature, nearly
the whole process of refining the glass stream arrived in the basin d is carried out on
the melting trays e, e¹, and as the material runs over the flange or coping f,t', a
constant How of the Calcm formed will run from the bottom of the collecting pan
through an outlet opening regulated according to the quantity of refined glass
produced, and can be removed in cinder tubs, water pits, or the buckets of an endless
travelling chain.
For the class of glass wares requiring a high temperature in the working furnace,
the Chlein formed in the above described manner in a continuous flow will be found
to answer well, being in a highly suitable state of refinement, as any irregularity in
the high temperature of the working furnace is fully remedied For the production
of Calein suitable for sheet or flint glass and the like which should be made in the
working furnace at a lower temperature than the above, it is necessary after the
collecting pan is full, to interrupt for a time the melting process in the melting pots,
while the glass mass collected is being subjected to a thorough refining After the
contents of the collecting space d has ben allowed to run out, the process is com-
menced afresh In this case however, and in order to hurry on the filling of the
basin, melting pots can be placed upon the basin space d, their products running direct
through flues formed in the pan, or basin without passing the melting trays and flange,
or coping.
In the final preparation of the Calcın for commercial wares, the same is reheated
without the addition of vitreous substances, or of alkalies, this being carried on
continuously, or intermittently, in a similar manner as has been heretofore done
when treating vitreous compounds in working furnaces for the manufacture of
glass.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1 The improved process for the preparation of Calcın (Crude Glass) as described,
.the characteristic features of which are,-
(a) The previous melting of glassy or vitreous material by means of a pointed
flame, or dart formed under the action of a blast with the aid of water gas,
coal gas, wood gas, oii gas, or natural gas, carried out independently of the
refining chamber in melting pots suitably arranged
(b) The refining of the mass previously melted by the above mentioned flame, or
dart during its flow over raised melting trays, or platforms, and flanges, or
coping, and in the collecting pan, or basin of a melting cistern heated by
generator gases, or by direct firing supported by the mixture of the generator
gases obtained from the water gas
(c) The continuous, or periodic outflow of the refined Calcın from the collecting
pan of the melting cistern and its removal in cinder tubs, water pits, or in the
travelling buckets of an endless chain in motion.
2. The final preparation of the Calcın before converting it into commercial wares by
re-heating it in a working furnace continuously, or intermittently without the addition
of any material, or alkalies, as set forth
3. The particular arrangement of furnace shown on the annexed drawings, in
or by which, the process hereinbefore described, can be carried into practice
The 30th day of January 1890
H GARDNER,
166, Fleet Street, London, Agent for the said Julius Quaglio
H GARDNER,
166, Fleet Street, London, Agent for the said Julius Quaglio