NEW OR IMPROVED METHODS OF PREPARING DRAWINGS, WRITINGS, DESIGNS, PRINTS, OR IMPRESSIONS OF ENGRAVINGS AND PHOTOGRAPHS. FOR THE PURPOSE OF IMPRESSING OR ENGRAVING THE SAME IN OR UPON METALLIC SURFACES. AND THEREBY PRODUCING PRINTING OR EMBOSSING SURFACES OR ORNAMENTAL METALLIC SURFACES FOR SUCH PURPOSES AS THE SAME ARE OR MAY BE APPLICABLE TO; ALSO NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE SAM IMPRESSING OR ENGRAVING
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Wallis, of No. 16, Victoria Grove, Fulham
Road, West Brompton, in the County of Middlesex, Artist, for the
Invention of "NEW OR IMPROVED METHODS OF PREPARING DRAWINGS,
WRITINGS, DESIGNS, PRINTS, OR IMPRESSIONS OF ENGRAVINGS AND PHOTOGRAPHS.
FOR THE PURPOSE OF IMPRESSING OR ENGRAVING THE SAME IN OR UPON METALLIC
SURFACES. AND THEREBY PRODUCING PRINTING OR EMBOSSING SURFACES OR
ORNAMENTAL METALLIC SURFACES FOR SUCH PURPOSES AS THE SAME ARE OR MAY
BE APPLICABLE TO; ALSO NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE
SAM IMPRESSING OR ENGRAVING"
m
Sealed the 1st November 1860, and dated the 25th May 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Wallis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th May 1860.
I, GEORGE WALLIS, of No. 16, Victoria Grove, Fulham Road, West
Brompton, in the County of Middlesex, Artist, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED METHODS OF PREPARING DRAWINGS,
WRITINGS, DESIGNS, PRINTS, OR IMPRESSIONS OF ENGRAVINGS AND PHOTOGRAPHS,
FOR THE PURPOSE OF IMPRESSING OR ENGRAVING THE SAME IN OR UPON METALLIC
SURFACES, AND THEREBY PRODUCING PRINTING OR EMBOSSING SURFACES OR ORNA-
MENTAL METALLIC SURFACES FOR SUCH PURPOSES AS THE SAME ARE OR MAY BE
APPLICABLE TO: ALSO NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE SAID
IMPRESSING OR ENGRAVING," to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists, firstly, in the methods herein-after described

page_text: of preparing drawings, writings, designs, prints, or impressions of engravings
and photographs in such a manner that they may be impressed or engraved in
or upon metallic surfaces, the said surfaces when so impressed or engraved
being capable of being printed from in the manner of copper-plates or wood
blocks, or used for impressing or embossing the surfaces of metallic and other
plates or surfaces, for the purpose of ornamenting the same; cylinders ofmetal
when so impressed or engraved may be used for printing fabrics in the usual
way. Such drawings, designs, prints, or impressions from engravings or
photographs may be also used for the ornamentation of metals; or impressions
taken from metal plates, impressed or engraved according to my Invention
may be also employed in such ornamentation.
parts
My Invention consists, secondly, of a new combination of mechanical
constituting a machine to be used for the purpose of such impressing,
engraving, and embossing.
In carrying the first part of my Invention into effect I proceed as follows:-
I prepare a drawing, writing, or design, such drawing, writing, or design being
made upon paper or other suitable material, such as sheets of gelatine, tracing
cloth, metal foil, or a metal plate; or instead of a drawing or design, a print or
impression from a metal plate or a lithographic stone may be employed. The
drawing, writing, or design is executed, or the print or impression (when neces-
sary) prepared with aglutinous and granularink, or with amixture of carbonate
of lime or chalk and gum arabic with a dark colored pigment such as Indian red,
with the addition, when required, of finely powdered emery or other granular
substance. The drawing, writing, or design thus executed stands out in
relief suitable for impressing upon the metallic surface to be impressed or
engraved. This drawing material may be also made sufficiently glutinous to
allow of being supplemented or added to by granular substances, such as emery
powder, sand, or other granular substances capable of attaching themselves to
the ink or material. The drawing or design is to be damped when necessary
for that purpose by steam or by floating upon water. The drawing or design
may be also executed with varnish, colour or a pigment, such as oxide of lead
mixed with turpentine and varnish, or japanner's gold size, and this again may
be further added to or supplemented by granular powders. Impressions from
metal plates may also be printed in an ink, which when dry will be sufficiently
hard to impress metal, or with a glutinous ink, which will allow of being sup-
plemented or added to by granular powders. Drawings and designs may be
also executed upon a hard metal plate with the drawing materials described,
and afterwards impressed upon a soft metal plate, or when executed on a soft
metal plate the drawings or designs may be impressed upon it by pressure in

page_text: contact with a hard metal plate, or when two soft metal plates are brought
into contact by suitable pressure, both will be impressed or engraved by the
drawing or design executed on one only.
I also prepare designs by taking a piece of plain lace fabric or bobbinet,
without any figure upon the same, and paint or draw designs upon the
same with the drawing material hercin-before described or other suitable
preparation.
In preparing photographs I use two methods; by one I draw on all the
parts it is wished to impress or engrave in metal with a drawing material
similar to that used in preparing drawings and designs; by the other method
I cause the photographic image itself to stand out in relief. In the latter
case I take bichromate of potash, gum arabic, or gelatine, and a granular
powder, such as emery or powdered pumice and coat paper, metal foil, or other
suitable material, or a metal plate with a mixture of these with water. The
surface being thus coated and dried is exposed in a photographic printing
frame, or in some other suitable apparatus, with the photographic picture or
design to be impressed or engraved, placed between the light and such
prepared surface after the usual manner of taking a positive photographic
picture. After sufficient exposure, I take the paper, metal foil, or metal plate
from the printing frame, and wash away all the parts not acted upon by the
light, and the parts to be impressed or engraved then stand out in relief upon
the surface to be used for making the impression or engraving. When this
relief is not sufficient I supplement it by drawing with the drawing material
herein-before described upon all those parts which it is desirable to impress
or engrave more deeply than the photographic image will do.
To impress or engrave the drawings,writings, designs, or photographs when
properly prepared, I place the drawing or design upon the surface of the hard
metal bed of the machine herein-before described, the prepared surface in
relief being generally uppermost. Upon this the soft metal plate to be im-
pressed is placed, and the design and plate are carried through by the action
of the machine, the design being impressed upon the surface of the soft metal
plate by the action of the rolls on the bed of the machine. If two soft metal
plates are employed, and the drawing or design placed between them, both will
be impressed. From the plates thus impressed or engraved impressions or
prints may be taken in the ordinary manner of copper plate printing or wood
cut printing, according as the parts indented or raised are used for that
purpose, or the indented plate may be used for embossing or impressing
other plates of metal, or the surfaces of other materials, or the same may
be considered as ornamented with the design impressed upon it.

page_text: In applying my Invention to cylindrical forms, such as the surfaces of
rollers used for printing fabrics, the roller to be impressed takes the place
of one of the rolls of a machine similar in construction to the one herein-after
described, and the drawing, writing, design, print, or impression of an
engraving or photograph, when properly prepared, is impressed upon it by
contact with the other roll when in action, or by placing the drawing or
design upon the hard metal bed, and pressing the rotating cylinder to be
engraved in contact with it.
Although I prefer the pressure of rolls in combination with a hard metal
bed as a plane in carrying my Invention into effect, and especially the
machine I have invented for that purpose, yet I do not limit myself thereto,
as other pressures may be employed with the same effect.
The machine constituting the second part of my Invention is constructed as
follows: Thesaid machine consists essentially of a pair of plain rolls mounted
upon horizontal axes. The journals or bearings of the lower roll are fixed,
those of the upper roll are capable of a vertical sliding motion. By the said
motion the distances between the rolls can be regulated at pleasure by means
of screws acting on the brasses of the upper roll. The said screws are geared
together by means of a horizontal shaft and bevil gearing. The two ends of
the axis of the upper roll are thus made to move simultaneously, and the
parallelism of the two rolls preserved. A graduated wheel on the said shaft
indicates against a fixed index the pressure applied to the upper roll. Between
the rolls a horizontal table or plane is made to slide, the said table working in
slides in the frame of the machine. The plate to be impressed and the design,
the one being laid on the other, are placed upon the said table or plane, and
the pressure having been adjusted by means of the graduated wheel, as
described, the table is passed between the rolls. The motion of the rolls is
effected by means of a worm and worm wheel. The latter is fixed on one end
of the axis of the lower roll, and the former on the end of the shaft parallel to
the side of the machine, but so inclined with respect to a horizontal plane,
that it is out of the way of the table. A winch or hand wheel on the last
named shaft serves for the communication of a rotatory motion to the worm
by the workman, and the consequent rotation of the lower roll. The said
lower roll communicates motion to the upper one by means of the toothed
wheels, by which they are geared together, and the hard metal bed or plane
is thus made to pass between the said rolls.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Wallis in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
24th November 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
WALLIS, of No. 16, Victoria Grove, Fulham Road, West Brompton, in the
County of Middlesex, Artist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said George Wallis, Her special licence that I, the said George
Wallis, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said George Wallis, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "NEW OR
IMPROVED METHODS OF PREPARING DRAWINGS, WRITINGS, DESIGNS, PRINTS, OR
IMPRESSIONS OF ENGRAVINGS AND PHOTOGRAPHS, FOR THE PURPOSE OF IMPRESSING OR
ENGRAVING THE SAME IN OR UPON METALLIC SURFACES, AND THEREBY PRODUCING
PRINTING OR EMBOSSING SURFACES, OR ORNAMENTAL METALLIC SURFACES FOR SUCH
PURPOSES AS THE SAME ARE OR MAY BE APPLICABLE TO; ALSO NEW OR IMPROVED
MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE SAID IMPRESSING OR ENGRAVING," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said George Wallis, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Wallis, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention consists, firstly, of the new or improved methods of or
improvements in preparing drawings, writings, designs, prints, or impressions
of engravings and photographs herein-after described, the said preparation
rendering the said drawings, writings, designs, prints, or impressions of

page_text: engravings and photographs suitable to be impressed or engraved in or
upon metallic surfaces, the said metallic surfaces when so impressed or
engraved being capable of being printed from in the manner of copper plates
or wood blocks, or used for impressing or embossing metallic or other plates
or surfaces for the purpose of ornamenting the same. Cylinders of metal
when so impressed or engraved may be used for printing fabrics in the
usual way or for impressing cylindrical dies for facilitating the raising of
"mills" or cylinders in relief for the purpose of engraving metal cylinders for
such fabric printing. Drawings, designs, prints, or impressions from engrav-
ing or photographs prepared according to my Invention may also be used for
the ornamentation of metals; or impressions taken from metal plates so
impressed or engraved may be used for the ornamentation of metals.
My Invention consists, secondly, of a new or improved combination of
mechanical parts constituting a machine to be used for the purpose of such
impressing, engraving, and embossing.
In carrying the first part of my Invention into effect I proceed as follows:-
In the preparation of the drawings, writings, or designs to be used in
impressing the metal surfaces, I execute the drawings, writings, or designs
upon paper, sheets of gelatine, vegetable parchment, tracing cloth, metal foil,
or a metal plate or plate of glass or other surface which can be drawn
upon, and is made of a material which will resist great pressure without
injury; or I make the drawing upon the surface of the moving plane or bed of
the machine herein-after described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawing. The material with which the drawing is executed is composed of
finely pulverized or levigated hard or granular substances in combination with
soft mineral substances and glutinous or adhesive materials, and a soluble
chromic salt for fixing the same. The hard or granular substances I prefer
using are peroxide of iron, pounded glass, peroxide of manganese, and emery
powder, pounded pumice, and finely ground flint, as employed in the manu-
facture of porcelain. The soft mineral substances I prefer using are carbonate
of lime or chalk, that known as Paris white being the most suitable, carbonate
of the oxide of lead, known as white lead or flake white, with the addition in
proportions according to the tint required of such pigments, as Venetian red
and Indian red. The glutinous or adhesive substances which I prefer to use are
gum arabic and rice starch, as best suited to the preparation of the material
in the state which appears most convenient for use, with the addition of
bichromate of ammonia for fixing the drawing material, so as to allow of
retouching without readily disturbing the said drawing. Although the same
results may be obtained by the admixture of the materials in other proportions,

page_text: s by the use of other materials both granular and
and proportions which I prefer are those given in
Formula, No. 1.
30 parts by weight of peroxide of tin.
2
.
"
10
"
"
5
3
י,
8
"
2
"
peroxide of manganese.
Venetian red.
Paris white. "
rice starch.
gum arabic.
bichromate of ammonia.
Formula, No.: 2.
20 parts by weight of peroxide of tin.
10
""
10
وو
"
peroxide of manganese.
Indian red.
Paris white.
5
3
10
"
"
"
"
rice starch.
"
"
gum arabic.
2
"
bichromate of ammonia:
Formula, No. 3..
15 parts by weight of finely powdered emery.
10
5005
10
"
"
دو
دو
Indian red..
peroxide of manganese.
Paris white.
"
689
rice starch.
.
"
دو
"7
"
gum arabic.
2.
"
bichromate of ammonia.
رو
Formula, No. 4.
20 parts by weight of Paris white.
10
10
20058
"
دو
"
"
"
"
"
pumice (ground in water a
Venetian red.
peroxide of manganese.
rice starch.
"
"
gum arabic.

page_text: 93
"
rice starch.
In place of peroxide of tin in Formulæ Nos. 1 and 2 I sometimes
substitute one half the weight of ground flint as used in the manufacture of
porcelain.
จ
The separate materials severally enumerated are prepared with the greatest
care so as to avoid all inequality, and I carefully mix the proportions of each
formula by uniting the whole well together so as to form a finely ground
powder. In using the mixed material or materials thus abtained for the
purpose of executing a drawing, design, or writing, I proceed as follows:-
When making such drawing, design, or writing upon a sheet of gelatine
(and I prefer to describe the mode by which I execute such drawing, design,
or writing, because it will best illustrate the system or method practised
in producing drawings, designs, or writings upon other materials. I take a
sufficient quantity of the composition described in Formula No. 1, and adding
as much water as will cause it to flow freely from a pen, or brush, or hair
pencil, and after allowing it to stand a few minutes to dissolve the gum arabic
I carefully mix the whole together to about the consistency of ordinary cream.
With this I execute the outlines of the subject and the other portions in lines,
and distinctly marked touches to which it may be artistically best adapted.
When dry, and after a brief exposure to daylight and the atmosphere, in
order that the bichromate of ammonia may act upon the gum arabic and
starch, and thus secure the drawing material from ready disturbance, 1
repeat the touches upon such parts of the lines or markings as may not stand
out in sufficient relief. For those portions of the lines or markings
which it is desirable should be more strongly defined I use the composition

page_text: described in Formula No. 2, and for the parts in which it is intended the
lines and markings should be darkest and strongest I use the composition
described in formula No. 3, mixed with water as before described. I use
the compositions described in Formula No. 4 and Formula No. 5, according
to the nature of the drawing or design in the course of execution for the
purpose of producing shaded tints by washes or stippled touches with a brush
or hair pencil. These I mix with water in the manner described, diluting
the material with the same according to the nature or depth of the tint re-
quired, using the composition Formula No. 4 for the more delicate effects,
and repeating upon it when dry and sufficiently fixed with the composition,
Formula No. 5, for the more strongly marked effects. Generally, I execute
the gradations of tint prior to finally finishing the lines or more distinctly
marked touches of the drawing or design with the compositions, Formula
Nos. 2 and 3. This description of the manner in which I use the drawing
materials for the execution of drawings, writings, or designs upon sheets
of gelatine, applies generally, as already stated, to the execution of such draw-
ings, writings, or designs upon paper, vegetable parchment, tracing cloth,
metal foil, metal plates, plate glass, or other suitable surface capable of
being used for impressing the drawing, writing, or design upon a metal
plate or surface in the manner herein-after described.
When I execute a drawing, writing or design, and intend to supplement
the lines or touches of the same with granular powders after damping the
same by floating upon water or by the action of steam, as hereinafter described,
I use double the quantity of gum arabic in proportion to the other materials
as given in the Formulæ Nos. 1, and 2, and leave out the bichromate of
ammonia.
When a drawing or design is executed on paper, vegetable parchment,
tracing cloth, or other suitable fibrous material, the fibrous substance is im-
pressed or engraved in the metal plate as well as the drawing or design, and
when printed in the manner of copper-plate printing, the impression of the
fibre gives a tint all over the drawing or design. To produce a proper
effect of light and shadow, I pursue the same method as that used in ordinary
mezzotinto engraving, that is to say, I scrape out the tint and burnish the
lights until the desired effect is obtained, the lines and touches of the draw-
ing being used as guides as in the case of the etched portion of a mezzotinto
plate.
When I wish to increase the texture or depth of tint produced by the
fibre of the paper in those impressions on metal which, as described, I treat
in the manner of mezzotinto engravings I coat the paper before commencing

page_text: the drawing or design with the composition, Formula No. 1, mixed with water
to the consistency best adapted to produce the desired effect, and after the
same is dry, and properly fixed by time or the action of light, I proceed to
make the drawing or design upon the surface thus produced. I sometimes
execute drawings, writings or designs in which lines only are required to
produce the intended effect with the composition, Formula No. 6, mixing the
same to a proper consistency with the writing ink, commonly known as Japan
ink, or an ink in which there exists an excess of gum or other mucilaginous
matter in solution. If I desire to re-damp this drawing material after it is
dry in the manner described I add four parts by weight of gum arabic to the
Formula No. 6.
The drawing or writing executed as described presents, when the material
is dry, a surface in relief which is capable of impressing or engraving a metal
surface, and such impression or engraving is capable of giving an impression,
according to the artistic method of execution, either in the manner of copper-
plate printing, or in that of printing from wood blocks, or for the puspose of
transfer to lithographic stones or zinc plates for the purpose of printing from
in the manner of lithography or zincography, or for the transfer of designs
to porcelain, earthenware, or Japan ware. To obtain an impression which
will print in the manner of copper-plate printing, that is to say, an im-
pression in intaglio, I execute the lines or touches of the drawing, design,
or writing, (or photograph, as herein-after described,) which I desire to
impress or engrave upon a suitable material, such as paper, the parts when
impressed or engraved in the metal surface being capable of retaining the
printing ink, and thus giving an impression. To obtain an impression which
will print in the manner of a wood block, that is to say, in relievo, I paint or
draw upon those portions which it is desired should not be printed from, and
thus these parts being depressed in the operation of impressing upon a metal
plate or surface by suitable machinery, those parts which it is desired to
print from are in relief in the manner of a wood block.
In practising my Invention I do not confine myself to impressing or
engraving a drawing, writing, or design, or photograph, upon a single plate
only, but I impress or engrave such portions of a drawing, writing, or design,
as may be best adapted to produce the results desired on any suitable number
of plates for the purpose of printing in a variety of colors by the usual and
well known methods of registration.
I also prepare drawings, writings, and designs, by making the drawing
materials sufficiently glutinous by the addition of a large proportion of gum
arabic, and after damping the drawing, writing, or design, supplement it by

page_text: the addition of a further quantity of the powdered solid, leaving out the
glutinous substances and the chromic salt. In this case when the drawing,
writing, or design, is completely finished, I float it with the back downwards
upon water in a suitable pan or other vessel, and when, upon examination, I
find the glutinous material has become sufficiently damp, I take it from the
water, and, placing it upon a flat board, I supplement the material which
already constitutes the drawing, writing, or design, by dusting it with or
sifting upon it a suitable granular substance properly pulverized, such as
finely powdered glass, peroxide of tin, or emery, or such other of the granular
materials already described as may be best suited to produce the effect desired.
Instead of floating upon water for the purpose of re-damping the drawing
material I sometimes effect the same result by steam, that is to say, by sub-
jecting the surface of the drawing, writing, or design, to a jet of steam, or
holding the same with the face downwards over a vessel containing boiling
water from which the steam can freely escape. This treatment is most appli-
cable to drawings and designs executed on metal foil, or a metal plate or
surface or a slab of plate glass, which cannot be so conveniently damped by
other means.
I also execute drawings and designs with a material composed of carbonate
of the oxide of lead, commonly known as white lead or flake white, ground
in turpentine and mixed with japanners' gold size or resinous varnish, the
proportions used being regulated by the effects desired. If it is desired that
the material should in itself form the substance for impressing the metal surface
to be engraved, I mix it so that when dry it shall present a dead appearance and
dry hard. Generally I grind the white lead or flake white to the consistency
of thick paint, and then add japanners' gold size or other resinous varnish equal
to the measure of one-third part of the same. Sometimes I add Indian red to
this mixture to darken it for convenience in use, and sometimes I substitute
Indian red, Venetian red, or red lead, or other suitable pigment for white lead
or flake white. If the material composed of these substances and a resinous
varnish is to be supplemented by granular substances before it is dry, then
the quantity of varnish used is such as will cause the material to remain
adhesive for a sufficient length of time to allow of such supplementing by
dusting or sifting such substances upon it.
I also execute drawings, writings, or designs, with the materials herein-
before described upon one soft metal plate for the purpose of impressing or
engraving upon another soft metal plate, or I place a suitably prepared
drawing between two metal plates and impress or engrave both at one
operation.

page_text: To obtain impressions from plates engraved by the ordinary method of
engraving, or from plates impressed or engraved by the processes described, I
cause the same to be printed from with copper-plate printing ink, which when
dry is sufficiently hard and in relief to impress metal surfaces; and to do this
more effectually and quickly I sometimes supplement the copper-plate printing
ink with finely pulverized granular substances, as already described, as used
in supplementing damped drawings. I also use impressions from lithographic
stones and wood blocks, or from stereotype blocks taken therefrom, the
printing ink being charged with an excess of oil for the purpose of retaining
the finely pulverized granular substances used for supplementing the same,
in order to produce relief, such excess of oil being regulated according to
the character of the impressions it is desirable to obtain in the metal
surface to be subsequently impressed, engraved, or embossed.
In preparing designs upon plain lace fabrics or bobbinet without any figure
or design woven upon the same, I use one of the drawing materials already
described,(generally Formula No. 2,) mixing the same with water to a suitable
consistency. I paint or draw designs upon the same partly by filling up the
interstices in the lace or bobbinet, and partly by increasing the thickness of
the threads of which it is composed by painting the same with one of the
materials herein-before described, or some preparation of a similar character.
In preparing photographs I sometimes use the same drawing material for the
purpose as that employed in executing writings, drawings, and designs. I
take a positive impression of a photograph on suitable paper, and draw over
all the parts it may be practicable to impress or engrave upon a metallic
surface. The outlines of the forms given in the photograph are thus accu-
rately reproduced in relief by the drawing material, and this, together with
the texture of the paper upon which the photograph is printed, is impressed
in the metal plate or surface. This metal plate or surface can be subse-
quently treated with scraper and burnisher in the manner of a plate
engraved in mezzotinto for the purpose of producing an effect of light
and shadow, as herein-befo:e described, with respect to drawings or designs
upon paper or other fibrous material.
In other cases I print the photographic image or picture by the ordinary
collodion process upon a slab of plate glass of suitable size to fit into the metal
portion of the bed h of the machine herein-after described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawing. With such of the drawing materials as may be most
suitable for the effects I desire to produce I draw over all the portions of the
said image or picture which I think it desirable or practicable to impress upon
a metallic surface. The slab of plate glass, with the photograph thus prepared

page_text: upon it, is then used, instead of that portion of the horizontal plane or table
marked on the drawing of the machine, the metallic surface to be impressed
being brought in contact with the surface on which the prepared photograph
has been printed. In applying my Invention to impressing or engraving cylin-
drical forms, such as the surfaces of rollers used for printing fabrics, or the
cylindrical dies used for raising in relief or embossing the "mills" employed
in engraving, the said roller or cylindrical piece of metal intended for a die
takes the place of one of the rolls of a machine similar in construction to the
one herein-after described, and the drawing, writing, design, or photograph
when properly prepared with the materials, and in the manner best suited to
the special character of such drawing, writing, design, or photograph is
impressed or engraved upon it by contact with the other roll, or by placing
the drawing, writing, design, or photograph upon the plane or bed of the
machine and bringing the cylinder to be impressed in contact with it.
The
drawing, writing, design, or photograph is sometimes executed upon the said
bed, and is impressed, as before described, upon the cylindrical surface.
Although I prefer the pressure of rolls in combination with a hard metal bed
as a plane in carrying my Invention into effect, and especially the machine I
have invented for that purpose, yet I do not limit myself thereto, as other
pressures may be employed with the same effect.
The machinery constituting the second part of my Invention is illustrated
in the accompanying Drawing, Figure 1 representing a side elevation of the
machine, and Figure 2 an end elevation of the same; Figure 3 is a vertical
longitudinal section, and Figure 4 a plan of the same. In the plan, Figure 4,
certain parts are not represented, as herein-after explained. The said machine
consists essentially of a pair of plain rolls mounted on horizontal axes. The
upper roll is marked a, and the lower roll is marked b, in the several Figures.
The bearings in which the lower roll b6 turn are fixed, while the brasses c, c,
in which the upper roll turns are capable of a vertical sliding motion in the
standards d. d. The upper roll a is supported or balanced by springs under-
neath its bearings, or in any other convenient way commonly used for such
purposes. By means of the screws e, e, and hand wheels f,f, the brasses or
bearings of the upper roll a may be depressed with any required pressure,
The edges of the hand wheels f,f, are graduated or divided into equal divi-
sions, the said divisions constituting teeth with which the fixed indices g, g,
engage. By this arrangement the upper roll can be adjusted with the greatest
nicety, and its parallelism with the lower roll preserved exact. Between the
upper roll a and lower roll b is a horizontal table or plane marked h, l, which
is supported by and slides upon steel bars i, i. The said steel bars i, i, are

page_text: fixed to the framing of the machine at k, k, and are elastic, having a slight
play in a vertical direction. The table or plaue h, l, may be made wholly of
iron or steel, but I prefer to make it partly of iron or steel and partly of glass
in the manner represented in Figure 3. The part marked h in the said
Figure 3 being made of iron or steel, and the part marked / consisting of a
slab of plate glass embedded in the part h. A sheet or layer of gutta percha
is interposed between the plate of glass 7 and the iron or steel plate h, in order
to make the said plate of glass embed itself accurately in the part h. Motion
is communicated to the lower roll 6 by means of a worm m and worm wheel n.
The shaft or axis o of the worm m turns in bearings p, q, the bearing 2 being
fixed on one of the standards d, and the bearing p being connected with the
framing of the machine by a hanging bracket r. A winch or hand wheel on
the lower end of the worm axis or shaft o serves for the communication of a
rotatory motion to the worm m by the workman. The rotation of the worm m
communicates a slow rotatory motion to the worm wheel n and the lower roll b,
to the axis of which the said worm wheel is affixed. The lower roll is geared
to the upper roll a by means of the toothed wheels s, s, and the said rolls are
thus made to rotate simultaneously. By inclining the shaft o of the worm m
in the manner represented, the winch or hand wheel by which it is turned
is out of the way of the moving table or support h, l. In the plan, Figure 4,
the worm m, worm wheel n, worm shaft o, and its bearings, together with
the toothed gearing s, s, are omitted.
The action of the machine is as follows:-The plate to be impressed or
engraved, and the drawing, writing, design, print, or photograph prepared by
one of the methods herein-before explained, are laid one upon the other, the
prepared side of the drawing or design being placed in contact with that
surface of the plate which is to be impressed or engraved; or the drawing or
design may be placed between two plates when it is wished to impress the
the same drawing or design upon two plates; but for convenience of de-
scription I will describe the use of one plate ouly. The table or plane h,l, being
withdrawn from the rolls a, b, and resting upon the slide i, i, the plate and
design, drawing, or print are placed upon the table or plane h, l. The required
pressure having been communicated to the bearings of the upper roll a by
means of the graduated hand wheels f, f, the table or plane h, l, is pushed
forward until its front end engages between the rolls. The winch or hand
wheel on the worm shaft o is turned in the direction proper to carry the table
or plaue, between the rolls. When the table or plane h, l, has been
passed so far between the rolls that the whole of the drawing or design and
plate have been subjected to the pressure of the said rolls, the pressure on the

page_text: upper roll is removed and the table or plane h, l, pulled by its handle t from
between the rolls, and the drawing or design and impressed plate removed
there from. Or the impressed plate and drawing or design may be removed
from the table or plane h, l, after they have been passed between the rolls,
that is, from the side of the rolls opposite to that at which they were intro-
duced. The amount of pressure which must be communicated by means of
the hand wheels f,f, to the upper roll a depends upon the character of the
design or drawing, and the nature of the metal plate to be impressed, and can
only be ascertained by the experience of the workman or operator.
The metal plates which may be most conveniently impressed by drawings,
designs, prints, or photographs prepared according to my Invention, are plates
of Britannia metal, copper, and German silver, but plates of various other
metals and metallic alloys may be similarly impressed.
As a preparation of the plate before engraving or impressing a drawing,
design, or photograph upon it, as described, I usually pass the said plate
several times through the machine, the surface to be impressed being placed
in contact with the surface of the plane or bed of the machine. When a
drawing or photograph is executed upon a slab of plate glass, the metal plate
to be engraved or impressed is first passed through the machine upon the
usual plane, and after the plate has been passed through the machine several
times the plane is removed, and the slab on which the drawing or photograph
is executed is substituted for it. The plate of metal is then passed through
the machine in contact with the drawing, design, or photograph.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit
myself to the precise details or materials herein described, as the same may be
varied without departing from the nature of my Invention; but I claim as
my Invention,-
Firstly, the method or methods herein-before described of preparing
drawings, writings, designs, prints, or impressions of engravings and photo-
graphs for the purpose of impressing or engraving the same in or upon
metallic surfaces, to produce printing or embossing surfaces, or ornamental
metallic surfaces for other purposes, that is to say, by the use of mixtures or
compositions consisting essentially of finely pulverized hard granular sub-
stances, such as those recited in the formulae herein-before given, and the
admixture therewith of soft mineral or vegetable substances, such as Paris
white and carbonate of oxide of lead, together with glutinous or adhesive
substances, such as gum arabic and rice starch, which said mixtures or com-
positions constitute drawing materials, which will flow easily from a pen,

page_text: brush,or hair pencil, and which when dry form a substance sufficiently hard to
impress metallic surfaces when subjected to a mechanical pressure thereon,
also the various modifications of the said mixtures or compositions, as hercin-
before described.
Secondly, the use of bichromate of ammonia or other soluble chromic salt
as a fixing constituent in mixtures or compositions to be used for preparing
drawings, writings, designs, prints, or impressions of engravings and photo-
graphs to be afterwards impressed or engraved upon metal surfaces, as herein-
before described.
Thirdly, the production of a tint upon a metal surface when impressed with
paper or other suitable material upon which a drawing or design has been
made, and the treatment thereof with scraper and burnisher in the manner
of a mezzotinto engraving for the production of effects of light and shade
when printed from in the manner of a copper-plate engraving, as herein-before
described.
Fourthly, the methods described of re-damping drawings, designs, writings,
prints, or impressions of engravings and photographs executed with a drawing
material of a kind herein-before described, for the purpose of supplementing
the same with granular powders.
Fifthly, the general arrangement or combination of parts of the machinery
heroin-before described and represented in the accompanying Drawing, tc
be used for impressing or engraving drawings, designs, writings, prints, or
impressions of engravings and photographs prepared in the manner before
described upon metal plates or surfaces.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Wallis, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
Witness,
THOMAS PRESTON.
GEORGE WALLIS. (LS.)