IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED WITH THE MANUFACTURE OF SALT CAKE
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Scott, junior, of Saint Helens, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, and James Tudor, of Weston, in the
County of Chester, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
CONNECTED WITH THE MANUFACTURE OF SALT CAKE."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Scott and James
Tudor at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,, with their Petition,
on the 21st September 1864.
We, GEORGE SCOTT, junior, of Saint Heleus, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, and JAMES TUDOR, of Weston, in the County of Chester, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS CON-
NECTED WITH THE MANUFACTURE OF SALT CAKE," to be as follows:-
The objects of our Invention are to produce "salt cake" economically, to
bring the operations more under control, and render the manufacture more
certain, and to provide apparatus or evaporating vessels which shall last longer
than those now employed.
Our said improvements consist, firstly, in utilizing the waste heat or heat
that is usually allowed to escape into the air in "salt cake roasting furnaces."
by using it, the said beat, to vapourize. water placed. in any tubular or other
steam boiler properly set in the flues or in separate. brickwork, to superheat,-
in vessels provided for the purpose, the steam from the above-mentioned.
water or steam otherwise obtained.

page_text: Secondly, in employing superheated steam obtained as above, or super-
heated steam otherwise obtained, in connection with the evaporating pans or
vessels, and for "evaporating" the mixture of chloride of sodium and sul-
phuric acid therein. The temperature of superheated steam can be so
regulated as to bring the evaporating process completely under the control of
the manufacturer.
And, thirdly, in the apparatus employed in the process of evaporating the
mixture of salt (chloride of sodium) and vitriol (sulphuric acid). One pan
or vessel is placed within another, so that between the two there is free space
for a jacket of superheated steam. Of course the outer pan or vessel does
not require in every case to cover the entire surface of the inner pan or vessel;
suitable pipes would be connected to carry the steam to the jacket-like-space,
and to carry off the same or any water of condensation.----
Apparatus with coils or series of pipes could be used to convey superheated
steam to, into, and through the said evaporating vessels, but such an arrange-
ment of parts could only be carried into effect at considerable expense and
trouble.
The employment of superheated steam in the manufacture of "salt cake"
being of our Invention herein before mentioned, and the double pan or vessel
being the simplest and most asting means or arrangement of parts, we do not
here set forth the various modifications of apparatus which could be used,
or which would be apparent to any mechanician acquainted with the
manufacture..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Scott and James Tudor in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 21st March 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
SCOTT, junior, of Saint Helens, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer; and:
JAMES TUDOR, of Weston, in the County of Chester, Engineer, send,
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of September, in the year of our Lord;
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did; for Herself; Her-heirs and successors, give and grant untó us, the.
said George Scott, junior, and James Tudor, Her special licence that we, the
said George Scott, junior, and James Tudor, our executors, administrators, and

page_text: assigns, or such others as we, the said George Scott, junior, and James Tudor,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED WITH THE MANU-
FACTURE OF SALT CAKE," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
said George Scott, junior, and James Tudor, our exécutors or administrators,.
by an instrument in writing under our; or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the saine
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next.
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said George Scott, junior, and James
Tudor, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement (that is to say) :-
The objects of our Invention are to produce "salt cake" economically, to
bring the operations more under control and render the manufacture more
certain, and to provide apparatus or evaporating vessels which shall last
longer than those now employed.
Our said improvement consist, firstly, in utilizing the waste heat or heat
that is usually allowed to escape into the air in "salt cake" roasting furnaces
by using it, the said heat, to vapourize water placed in any tubular or other
steam boiler properly set in the flues or in separate brickwork, and to super-
heat, in vessels provided for the purpose, the steam from the above-mentioned.
water or steam otherwise obtained.
Secondly, in employing superheated steam obtained as above, or super-
heated steam otherwise obtained, in connection with the evaporating or decom-
posing pans or vessels herein-after mentioned, for evaporating or decomposing
the mixture of chloride of sodium and sulphuric acid therein. The tem-
perature of superheated steam can be so regulated as to bring the evaporating
or decomposing process completely under the control of the manufacturer.
And, thirdly, in the construction of the apparatus employed in the process
of evaporating or decomposing the mixture of salt (chloride of sodium) and
vitriol (sulphuric acid). One pan or vessel is placed within another, so
that there is a free space between the two for a jacket of superheated
steam.
Apparatus.with coils or series of pipes could be used to convey superheated

page_text: steam to, into, and through the said evaporating vessels, but such an
arrangements of parts could only be carried into effect at considerable expense,
and trouble..
That the most economical, suitable, and lasting means or apparatus with
which we are acquainted for carrying our improvements into effect.may be
clearly seen and understood we have hereunto appended a Sheet of. Drawings,
whercon Fig., 1 shews a vertical section of a double decomposing pan set in.
brickwork and an end elevation of a salt cake roasting furnace, and Fig. 2a.
plan view (partly in section) of the parts shown by Fig: 1.
-a-represents a-pipe for conveying steam from any ordinary or other boiler;-
this pipe a is continued in a winding form through the flue space 6 of a salt.
cake roasting furnace c, and is connected at d into a pan or vessel e, between
which and the decomposing pan or vessel f there is a space g-for-the steam..
superheated on its passage through the salt cake roasting furnace c by the
waste heat therein, that is, beat. which is generated for the purpose of
roasting salt cake. is a pipe for conveying the heat to a pyrometer i to.
ascertain the temperature of the steam passing forward into the space 9;. a;
pressure guage could be fixed on this pipe.. Cocks and dampers, or either of
them, could be used to regulate the quantity of steam allowed to pass forward-
into the space g and the intensity of the heat in the flue space b. is the
brick setting of the double pan e, f; j, a pipe for conveying away any water
of condensation, and the cover of the decomposing pan f, from which said
cover the pipe conveys away the muriatic acid evolved, and this acid may
either be collected or allowed to pass off into the air. m is a rose-piece for
distributing sulphuric acid over the common salt placed in the decomposing
pan or vessel f, and to be rendered into sulphate of soda, better known as
salt cake.
Having now set forth the nature of our Invention, and particularly
ascertained the most advantageous details for ordinary chemical works with
which we are acquainted for carrying the same into effect, we would have it
understood that we do not confine ourselves to any particular details of parts;.
so long as the leading features of our improvements are retained. What we.
desire to claim as the Invention secured to us is,
Firstly, utilizing the waste heat in salt cake roasting furnaces by employing
it to generate and superheat, or either generate or superheat steam to be used
in or in connection with the manufacture of. salt,cake, convenient means of
superheating steam by such waste beat being shown on the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings.
Secondly, employing superheated steam as the vehicle for. conveying heat to

page_text: the vessel or apparatus, and through them to the salt and sulphuric acid to be
decomposed or rendered into salt cake or sulphate of soda; a double pan or
casing and connections being shown on the accompanying Drawings as the
best means of applying such superheated steam.
Thirdly, apparatus constructed with an outer and inner casing and a space
between the two for superheated steam, and also apparatus with coils or series
of pipes, substantially as herein described and partially illustrated on the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said George Scott, junior, and James
Tudor, have hereunto set our bands and seals, this Eighteenth day
of March, in the year of our. Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-five.
In the presence of
JOHN THOMSON KING,
Patent Agent,
4, Clayton Square,
Liverpool.
GEORGE SCOTT, JUNIOR.
(L.S.)
JAMES TUDOR.
(L.S.)