Improvements in Incandescent Electric Lamps.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Incandescent Electric Lamps.
I, JULES EDGARD DE MARÇAY, of 28, Avenue de l'Opera, Paris, in the Republic
of France, Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a novel incandescent electric lamp.
This novel lamp instead of comprising only a single globe or bulb, as is the
case with those hitherto employed, is characterised by a certain number of
elements or bulbs of different forms, each of which is provided with its own
filament, which elements are connected either in parallel, in series or in a
combination of the two methods according to circumstances and are grouped
around a reflecting body formed from any suitable substance and of any desired
form.
Briefly, instead of arranging in a single bulb one filament, or as is sometimes
done several filaments, I distribute the said filament amongst a certain number
of independent and interchangeable elements.
By means of my invention I am able to obtain, with the same volume as the
bulb ordinarily employed, a considerable illuminating power owing to this com-
bination of multiple elements each of which emits the light proper to it, such
elements being readily replaceable in case of breakage (and this at a very small
cost) and owing also to the reflecting body around which the elements or tubes
are grouped.
In addition to this, when the elements constituting these lamps are arranged
in series, this invention enables them to be inserted in circuits having high
voltages, which forms an appreciable advantage.
A further and essential advantage consists in the fact that these lamps, by
reason of their centrally arranged reflector, (more especially when this latter
is white) give with filaments of predetermined illuminating power, a much
greater luminous intensity than that supplied by ordinary lamps; and conse-
quently effect an important economy when required to emit the same amount
of light only.
In one form, the lamp base is fixed to a reflector the cruciform section of
which is provided with four recesses; within these latter are arranged four lamp
elements each of which is constituted by a rectilinear tubular bulb provided with
a filament. These elements are maintained and connected one with the other
by connecting wires and hooks grouping them in the desired manner; in the
type in question they are arranged in pairs in series, the two groups being in
parallel, but the method of mounting is of course capable of modification, and.
the four elements might be arranged either in series or in parallel, for example..
This forms one of the advantages of my invention, which enables lamps having
very different voltages to be constituted with a single model of elementary bulb.

page_text: Another form comprises a reflector having the form of an octagonal prism,
the faces of which are slightly concave; around this prism are arranged elemental
bulbs of a curved form. The reflecting prism being thus surrounded by bulbs
as above described, the whole presents an ovoid form; the lamp elements are
maintained at their two extremities by hooks suitably placed, which serve to
effect the connections.
The reflector may if desired be made conical and surrounded by rectilinear
and slightly conical elements.
In some cases the cylindrical reflector is surrounded by tubular elements each
of which has the shape of a fraction of a spiral, thereby imparting to the whole
the peculiar aspect of a luminous twisted fringe.
The lamp may be made as above described, but with the reflector of spherical
or ovoid form.
In another type of lamp the elements are of tubular form and surround a
cylinder which constitutes the reflector; in this arrangement, these elements are
mounted in parallel upon the two lateral wires which serve to maintain them.
My invention is obviously applicable to a great number of combinations, some
of the principal types only of which have been described.
The elements are capable of furnishing a large number of modifications; they
may be straight, curved, annular, cylindrical, conical and so forth.
In the same way the central reflector may be formed of any substance pro-
ducing an effect of reflection; it may be cylindrical, spherical, ovoid, prismatic,
star-shaped or the like.
Dated this 17th day of October 1898
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Incandescent Electric Lamps.
I, JULES EDGARD DE MARÇAY, of 28, Avenue de l'Opera, Paris, in the Republic
of France, Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
in and by the following statement:
-
This invention relates to a novel incandescent lamp.
This novel lamp instead of comprising only a single globe or bulb, as is the
case with those hitherto employed, is characterized by a certain number of
elements or bulbs of different forms, each of which is provided with its own
filament, which elements are connected either in parallel, in series or in a
combination of the two methods according to circumstances and are grouped
around a reflecting body formed from any suitable substance and of any desired
form.
Briefly, instead of arranging in a single bulb one filament, or as is sometimes
done several filaments, I distribute the said filament amongst a certain number
of independent and interchangeable elements.
By means of my invention I am able to obtain, with the same volume as the
bulb ordinarily employed, a considerable illuminating power owing to this com-
bination of multiple elements each of which emits the light proper to it, such
elements being readily replaceable in case of breakage (and this at a very small

page_text: cost) and owing also to the reflecting body around which the elements or tubes
are grouped.
In addition to this, when, the elements constituting these lamps are arranged
in series, this invention enables them to be inserted in circuits having high
voltages, which forms an appreciable advantage.
A further and essential advantage consists in the fact that these lamps, by
reason of their centrally arranged reflector, (more especially when this latter
is white) give, with filaments of predetermined illuminating power, a much
greater luminous intensity than that supplied by ordinary lamps; and conse-
quently effect an important economy when required to emit the same amount
of light only.
The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings the figures of which
are hereinafter referred to:-
In the type represented in Figure 1, the lamp base A is fixed to a reflector B
the cruciform section of which (Figure 2) is provided with four recesses; within
these latter are arranged four lamp elements C each of which is constituted by
a rectilinear tubular bulb provided with a filament c.
These elements are
maintained and connected one with the other by connecting wires and hooks c¹
grouping them in the desired manner; in the type in question they are arranged
in pairs in series, the two groups being in parallel, but the method of mounting
is of course capable of modification, and the four elements might be arranged
either in series or in parallel, for example. This forms one of the advantages
of my invention,. which enables lamps having very different voltages to be
constituted with a single model of elementary bulb.
The type represented in Figures, 3, 4 and 5 comprises a reflector B having
around
the form of an octagonal prism, the faces of which are slightly concave;
this prism are arranged elemental bulbs C of a curved form as shewn in the
drawing. The reflecting prism being thus surrounded by bulbs as above described,
the whole presents an ovoid form; the lamp elements are maintained at their
two extremities by hooks c¹ suitably placed, which serve to effect the connections.
In the type illustrated in Figures 6 and 7 the reflector is conical and is sur-
rounded by rectilinear and slightly conical elements.
In the form represented in Figures S and the cylindrical reflector is sur-
rounded by tubular elements each of which has the shape of a fraction of a spiral,
thereby imparting to the whole the peculiar aspect of a luminous twisted fringe.
The lamp illustrated in Figures 10 and 11 is analogous to that just described,
but in this case the reflector is of spherical or ovoid form.
Figures 12 and 13 represent a type of lamp in which the elements are of
tubular form and surround a cylinder which constitutes the reflector; in the
arrangemnt illustrated, these elements are mounted in parallel upon the two
lateral wires C¹ which serve to maintain them.
There is no necessity to give a more detailed description of these arrangements
which will be readily understood by simple inspection of the drawing. My
invention is obviously applicable to a great number of combinations, some
the principal types of which have alone been illustrated.
of
The elements are capable of furnishing a large number of modifications; they
may be straight, curved, annular, evlindrical, conical and so forth.
In the same way the central reflector may be formed of any substance pro-
ducing an effect of reflection: it may be cylindrical, spherical, ovoid, prismatic,
star-shaped or the like.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. The novel incandescent electric lamp characterised by the combination
of a lamp base, of a reflecting body of any suitable form and of any appropriate
reflecting substance around which are grouped a certain number of elemental

page_text: bulbs or tubes of different forms, the said tubes being connected in series in
parallel or a combination of the two methods, substantially as above described.
2. The various types or modifications of lamp described with reference to the
accompanying drawing, and any modifications thereof constructed in accordance
with the principle of my invention.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.