CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1840

page_text: BERRY'S SPECIFICATION,
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MILES
BERRY, of the Office for Patents, 66; Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-seventh day of November, in the fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Miles Berry, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Miles Berry, my executors, administrators, and assigns, and
such others as I, the said Miles Berry, my executors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times during the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in all Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations
abroad, an Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
being a communication from a foreigner residing abroad; in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso obliging me, the said Miles Berry, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain.
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court
of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Miles Berry, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon,
that is to say:-
These improvements in looms for weaving apply to several different working
parts or combinations of mechanical agents for effecting the several necessary
operations of the loom in weaving fabrics; and as the present improvements
apply more particularly to looms for weaving carpets and such kind of fabrics,
Drawings and description of a loom constructed with these improvements
adapted thereto, are hereunto annexed and herein-after described, together
with several modifications of arrangements upon the same, for the purpose of
exemplification, it not being intended to confine the use and application of
these improvements to looms for weaving carpets only, but to the weaving
of all kinds of fabrics to which they may be applicable. I will, therefore,
proceed to state, as near as I think desirable, in the words of my correspondent,
the several improvements intended to be claimed under this Patent and their
object, and then describe the mechanism and operations by which they are
intended to be carried into effect, that is to say:-These improvements in the
mechanism of looms consist in certain new arrangements and modifications of
or combinations of mechanical agents, and the use and application thereof, in
such manner as to perform the entire process of weaving two and three plied
Kidderminster carpets and other fabrics by any uniform rotary power; and
although these improvements are described and represented in the Drawings
as applied to the weaving of carpets only, it is not intended to limit their use
and application to that branch of weaving alone, as they will in part answer
equally well for weaving many other kinds of goods, and may be advan-
tageously applied, either separately or combined, to looms for the weaving of
various fabrics.
These new and peculiar arrangements and combinations of mechanical
devices or mechanical agents consist as follows, viz*:-
First, in the particular construction and arrangement of certain parts of the
jacquard machinery, whereby one trap-board is made to descend whilst the
other rises, and the weight of the harness on the ascending trap-board is made
to counteract the weight of the descending trap-board, thereby equalizing the
power required to drive the loom:
Second, in the combination and arrangement of the machinery employed to
deliver out the chain or warp and take up the finished cloth, which machinery.

page_text: operates in such a manner as to give an uniform tension to the chain or warp
during the process of weaving, and thus insures the accurate, matching of the
pattern or figure in one piece against another.
Third, in a novel mode of constructing the shuttle and shuttle boxes, and of
connecting the boxes to the main frame of the machine or other stationary
support, instead of attaching them to the lay lathe or batten, as heretofore done.
Fourth, in passing or handing the shuttle through the warps by means of
reciprocating arms, instead of throwing it by a sudden impulse of the machinery
as heretofore done, these arms working the shuttles in such a manner as to
give the filling or woof an equal and uniform tension, and insure a smooth
face and a straight and even selvage to the cloth.
Fifth, in the particular apparatus employed for preventing the selvage of
the cloth from drawing in when the filling or woof is prevented by any cause
from escaping freely from the shuttle, and also for stopping the loom when the
filling.or woof breaks or is exhausted on the bobbin.
After describing the frame work and main gearing of the loom, these several
improvements will be noticed in their respective order.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the loom; Fig. 2 is a view of the right-hand
end thereof, the shuttle boxes and the apparatus which works the shuttlo
being removed; Fig. 3 is a view of the left-hand end of the loom, the
apparatus for working the shuttle being removed; Fig 4 is a plan of the loom,
the jacquard machine and harness being removed; the same letters and figuros
of reference being marked upon corresponding parts in all these Figures.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FRAME WORK AND MAIN GEERING OF THE LOOM.
A, A, are the end frames of the loom; B, the breast beam, which has the
roller C revolving in it so as to allow the cloth to pass freely over it; D is
the top back cross bar or stretcher of the framing; E, the bottom back;
and F, the bottom-front stretcher; G is the middle cross bar; H (see Fig. 3)
is the driving pulley, which is made so as to revolve on the driving shaft I,
and is engaged and disengaged therewith for the purpose of starting and
stopping the loom, by means of the clutch J (seen in Fig. 4). The shaft I
revolves in the bearings K and L, and has affixed to it the driving pinion M,
which takes into and turns the cogged wheel N. The cogged wheel N is
affixed to the cam shaft 0 (see Fig. 3), and takes into the cogged wheel P,
which is keyed to the lathe shaft Q. The relative sizes of the cogged
wheels N and P, in this instance, are shewn as four of the latter to one of the
former, that is, the wheel P is to make four revolutions to one of the wheel N;
Q

page_text: the driving pinion M may be of any size which will give the requisite power
to actuate the loom. The lathe shaft Q revolves in the bearings R, R, and
operates upon the lathe in the following manner, viz' :-S, S, are the swords or
rocking levers of the lathe, which vibrate on the studs T, T; the race beam U
and the top shell V support the reed W; X, X, are double and hollow cams,
keyed to the lathe shaft Q. The situation and figure of the grooves in these
double or hollow cams X, X, are shewn by the dotted lines in Fig. 2; within
these grooves there are antifriction rollers, revolving on studs or pins firmly
affixed to and projecting from the outer side of the swords S, S. These rollers
and studs are concealed in the Drawings by the cams X, X; but such parts
are well known, and from the description here given, it is evident that when
the lathe shaft Q revolves, the cams will give to the lathe the required motions.
The cam shaft O revolves in the bearings a, a, a, (see Fig. 4), and has affixed
thereto the cams or wipers b, c, d, e, f, and g. In the operation of the loom,
the cams or wipers b, c, d, e, f, and g, act on their respective treadles h, i, j, k,
2, and m, which treadles are hung at one end in the treadle crutches n, n, and
'governed in their vertical motion at the reverse ends by the treadle guides o, o.
The particular office of these cams and treadles will be described in connection
with the part of the loom they actuate.
The first improvement to be noticed is the peculiar construction and arrange-
ment of the jacquard machine, whereby one trap-board is made to descend
whilst the other rises, and the weight of the harness on the ascending trap-board
is made to counteract the weight of the harness on the descending trap-board,
thereby equalizing the power required to drive the loom. This machine is
described and represented in the Drawing as arranged for weaving "two ply"
carpets. In Figures 1 and 8, p, p, is the end frame of the machine, shewn as
standing on the upper floor q of the mill; r, r, are the cross bars; s is the card
box to contain the pattern card t; u, u, are guides to conduct the pattern
card & properly into the box s; the guides being supported by the arms v, v,
bolted to the frame p, p. The card prism or polygon w, for carrying the
pattern card t, is constructed in the ordinary way and made to revolve in
the sliding bars x, x, these having a horizontal reciprocating motion through
suitable guide stands y, y, bolted to the framing p, p; z, z, are vibrating
levers affixed to the fulcrum shaft a', and connected to the sliding bars x, x,
by means of rollors (mounted on pins' on the ends of the bars) working in
slots in the lower ends of the levers; this shaft a¹ turns in the arms b', 6',
and has the lever c¹ extending from it at right angles with the levers z, z.
The arm or lever c' is connected to the treadle i by means of the cord or
rodd, and is actuated by the cam c on the cam shaft o; the cam c acts on

page_text: the treadle i, and depresses the lever c, and forces out the card prism or
polygon w, by means of the lever and bars ; and when the cam c relieves
its action on the treadle i, the card prism w is brought back again against the
needle board by the action of a spiral spring encircling and acting upon the
shaft a¹; is the smack or latch catch, for turning the card prism w when it
is carried out by the levers z, z. The hammer, which secures the prism w in its
proper position, is concealed in the Drawings behind the bar a, but its con-.
struction and action on the prism w are the same as in other jacquard machines.
The needles are also arranged and worked in the same manner as in the.
machines in common use for hand weaving. The trap-boards g¹ and h¹.are per-
forated with holes in the usual way, and are supported by the guide rods i³, i²,
and j, j, these rods being guided by the stands k¹, k', bolted to the frame p, p.
The guide rods and j¹ are connected with the vibrating levers l', m³, by the
bars n', o, the said bars being connected to the said guide rods and levers at their
respective ends by means of a joint pin. The vibrating levers A, A, and m³, m³,
are fastened to their respective fulcrum shafts p¹ and q', which turn in suitable
bearings in the frame p, p, and have the levers r¹ and s'extending from them op-
posite to the levers l', ', and m', m². The journals t¹, u, v, w³, are placed at the top
of the jacquard machine, and fastened to their respective guide rods a¹, y¹, ¹, a",
these guide rods being guided by the stands le, k'. The guide rods x, y, z', and
all are connected to their respective vibrating levers 6", c, d, and .e", by
means of the connecting bars f", 9", h", and ", the bars being jointed to the
levers and guide rods at their respective ends in such a manner as to move up
and down freely. The vibrating levers b, c, d, and e", are affixed to their
respective fulcrum shafts j, k, l, m, turning in suitable bearings in the
frame p, p, and have extending from their sides opposite the vibrating levers
b, c, d, and e", the arms or levers n", o", p", and q". The arms or levers
n", o, p, and q" are connected to their respective treadles j, k, l, and m, by
means of the cords or rods r, s, t, and u". The rods or cords " and "
are connecte:l with the arm or lever by the cords " and w", and the rods
or cords " and " are connected with the arm or lever s' by the corda" and
y". The cams d, e, f, and g work their respective journals t, u, v, and w¹,
and the trap-board g' and h', in the following order :-Suppose the journal
and the trap-board h' to be raised as seen in the Drawings, then the
journal t' and the trap-board g' rise. simultaneously with the descent of the
journal and trap-board h'; then, at the same time that the journal t' and
the trap-board g' descend, the journal w' and the trap-board h' rise; and when
the journal w and trap-board h' descend, the journal u' and the trap-board g¹
rise; and as the journal u¹ and the trap-board g¹ descend, the journal v' and

page_text: .
the trap-board ' ascend to repeat the operation as before. The card prism or
polygon w is operated by the cam c, while the trap-boards g' and are at rest,
either one or the other of the trap-boards being in a raised position. By
working the card prism win this way, one of the trap boards may descend
whilst the other rises without disturbing the perfect. action of the machine.
The knot cords 211, 21, are suspended from the journals t, u, v, and w', and
pass down through the trap-board g' and h' and the needle eyes, and are con-
nected with the neck of the harness a¹¹, a¹¹, in the ordinary way. The neck
of the harness a¹¹¹, a¹¹, passes down from the knot cord ", zl, through the
stationary harness board 611 to the males, from which weights are suspended
in the usual manner. The knot cords and the harness aforesaid are repre-
sented in the Drawings by the red lines, but the males and the woights are.
concealed behind the reed W and the breast beam B; these parts being the
same as those in common use, it is not necessary to represent or describe
them.
The second improvement to be described is the peculiar construction and
arrangement of the machinery employed to deliver out the chain or warp 'and'
take up the 'finished cloth, which machinery operates in such a manner as to
give an uniform tension to the chain or warp during the process of weaving,
and ensure the accurate matching of the pattern or figure. In Fig. 2, 6¹¹¹ is
the yarn beam, which, for the convenience of having it constructed of large
size, is placed under the floor f upon which the loom stands, and is supported
by the hanger g¹¹. The endless screw or worm h¹¹ is affixed to the vertical
shaft, and takes into the cogged wheel, on the yarn beam e". The
vertical shaft is supported by the stands 1, and has affixed to its upper
end the ratchet wheel ; above the ratchet wheel is the vibrating lever
m, which turns on the vertical shaft as its fulcrum. To one end of
the vibrating lever m, the click n is attached, which actuates the ratchet
wheel, and the other end is connected to the sliding bar o by the bar or
rod p. The bar o slides in the standards q, q, and is encircled by the
spiral spring, one end of which rests against the standards 9" and the
other end against the stud or arm 8". To the end of the arms that projects
towards the loom, one end of the rod t is attached; the other end of this
rod being bent in a hooked form, and working in a groove in the stud u™
projecting from the sword S of the lathe. When the lathe approaches the
breast beam to beat up the cloth, the rod t draws the sliding bar o forward,
and when the lathe returns the spiral spring
back until the arms strikes against the
degree of motion of the sliding bar o¹. The-sliding bar o¹¹¹ is connected to
forces the said sliding bar ol
stand q¹¹, which determines the

page_text: one end of the vibrating lever vill by the rod or bar w; to the other end of
the vibrating lever the click " is attached, which actuates the ratchet
wheely; this wheel is affixed to the vertical shaft turning in the
bearings a, a. The worm or endless screw 61, affixed to the upper end
of the vertical shaft z, takes into the cogged wheel on the shaft of the
roller The roller du turns in bearings in the frame A, A, and is
covered with emery, or otherwise rendered rough, to increase its friction on
its surface; the roller ", resting upon the roller d, is covered with
cloth, and guided by bearings in the frame A, A; the roller is weighted
down upon the roller d™, to prevent the cloth from slipping between
them, by means of the hooks f""", f, the levers g₁, g, and springs or
weights, h; the vibrating or. tension roller may be of any con-
venient diameter, and vibrates up and down in grooves in the frame A, A.
j,, are hooks hanging in grooves on each end of the tension roller 1,
and connect with the spring, which is adjusted by means of nuts on the
lower end of the hooks, j, and gives a proper tension to the warp or
chain. is the regulating lever (shewn by the dotted lines in Fig. 2), to
regulate the quantity of yarn delivered out from the yarn beam ell, and
vibrates on the fulcrum stud m. The regulating lever is connected at
one end to the tension roller by means of the bar n¹¹, and at the other
end to the click n by the cord o", so that when the tension roller.™ is
depressed it raises the click n off of the ratchet wheel and cuts off its
action thereon, and when the said roller is raised, the. click falls down and
renews its action on the ratchet wheel ". The yarn passes from the yarn
beam e up through the floor fl, over the stretcher bar D, through the males
and through the reed w, over the roller c in the breast beam B, thence the
yarn or fabric passes down around the tension roller 1, up over the roller e¹¹¹
thence between the roller and the roller d¹, and down through the floor
fin, (as shewn by the red lines in Fig. 2). The diameter of the roller dan, and
the number of teeth in the cogged wheel and in the ratchet wheel y¹¹¹, are
so proportioned that the periphery of the roller shall pass over as much
space every thread of filling that is introduced as that thread of filling will
occupy in the cloth (that is to say), in case it is required to weave a fabric with
forty picks to the inch, the periphery of the roller d₁ must move one-fortieth
of an inch every thread of filling introduced. It is obvious that the relative
velocity of the periphery of the roller du may be varied, either by varying
the diameter of the said roller, or by varying the number of teeth in the
cogged wheel ¹ or in the ratchet wheel y". The cogged wheel, on the
yarn beam e, and the ratchet wheel should be, so proportioned that

page_text: 'the click n (provided that it is allowed to act on the ratchet wheel ¹¹¹
continually) will deliver out the required length of chain or warp when the
yarn on the beam is at the smallest diameter, or about exhausted.
The mode of operating the machinery for delivering out the chain or
warp and of taking up the finished cloth is as follows:-When the lathe
approaches the breast beam to beat up the cloth, it moves the sliding
bar o, which, by means of the parts connected therewith, turns the
ratchet wheel y¹ the space of one tooth, and the ratchet wheel 1111 the
space of one or more teeth, according as the click n is acted on by the
roller Now, suppose the roller to be sunk to such a degree as to
raise the click n from its action on the ratchet wheel 7", thereby leaving the
yarn beam eat rest, it is evident that as the rollers d" and e¹¹ take up a
given length of finished cloth every thread of woof or filling introduced, it will
raise the roller and allow the click n to renew its action on the ratchet
and deliver out a new portion of the chain or warp. In case too
much warp or chain is being given out, or, in other. words, when more is given
out than is taken up by the rollers d and, the roller i
wheel
the click n, and again cuts off its action on the ratchet wheel
descends, raises
The third improvement to be described is the mode of constructing the
shuttle and shuttle boxes, and of connecting the said boxes to the main frame
of the machine, instead of attaching them to the lathe, as heretofore done.
The shuttles 1, 1, aro made of a plate of iron or other metal, with a
projection rising at each end, a top view of which is seen in Fig. 4 and a
side view in Fig. 1. The ends or round pins 2, 2, extending from the
projections on the shuttle 1, are pointed at the ends, and have a notch filed
in the top side; 3, 3, are guide pins, the office of which will be described in
connection with the parts.which actuate the shuttles; 4 is the pin or skewer
for holding the quill or bobbin, which may be made like those in common use;
5 is a spring to secure the quill to the pin or skewer 4. The-filling passes
from the quill through the cye 6, under the bar or lever 7, and out through
the eye 8; the spiral spring 9 encircles the fulcrum of the lever 7, and acts
thereon in such a manner as to give a degree of friction to the filling in pro-
portion to the tension required; the shuttle boxes 10, 10, are formed of a
table or plate of iron with a pin turned up at right angles on one edge, by
which they are secured to the arms 11, 11; an end view of the shuttle boxes
10, 10, is seen in Fig. 5, a front view in Fig. 1, and a plan in Fig. 4. 12, 12,
are bars or guides to guide the shuttles 1, 1; the bars 12, 12, are made
beveling on the edge against which the shuttle 1 bears, to prevent the shuttle
from rising up; 18, 18, are springs or binders, to secure the shuttles in the

page_text: boxes; 14, 14, are pins projecting from the plate or table of the shuttle boxes
to arrest the shuttle when it enters the box; the arms or levers 11, 11, are
affixed to their fulcrum shafts 15, 15, which turn in the standards 16, 16; the
adjusting screws 17, 17, to regulate the downward motion of the shuttle boxes
10, 10, rest on the standard 25 when the said boxes are depressed, to bring
the shuttle in the top box into operation; the standard 25 is bolted to the
frame A, A; the arms or levers 18, 18, extend from the fulcra shaft 15,
and are connected by the chains or rods 19, 19, to the arms or levers 20, 20,
which are affixed to the shafts 21; the shaft 21 turns in the standards 22, 22;
and has the arm or lever 23 extending from it, which is connected to the
treadle h, by means of the cord or chain 24.
.
The operation of the shuttle boxes is as follows:-Suppose the said boxes
to be depressed to a position to work the shuttle in the top box, then, when it
is required to work the shuttle in the lower box, the cam 6 acts on the treadle
h, and, through the medium of the cords or chains 24 and 19, and arms or
levers 20, 18, and 11, raise the boxes to the position shewn in the Drawings.
Now, when it is required to work the shuttle in the top box, the cam b
relieves its action on the treadle h, and allows the boxes to descend by their
own gravity. Only two boxes are described; but any number may be used
which it is practicable to work. One method of using a series of boxes will be
noticed under the head of modifications.
The fourth improvement to be described is in the manner of passing or
handing the shuttle through the warp by means of reciprocating arms; instead
of throwing it by a sudden impulse of the machinery as heretofore done; the
said arms working the shuttle in such a manner as to give the filling or woof
an equal and uniform tension, and ensure a sniooth face and straight and even
selvage to the cloth. The reciprocating bars or carriers 26, 26, for handing or
passing the shuttle through the warp, are made cylindrical at their inner ends,
or those presented to the shuttle boxes, and a hole is drilled in the axis of this
cylindrical part to receive the round terminations or pins 2, 2, on the ends of
the shuttles; groves are made in the top sides of the holes in the ends of the
said arms, to receive the feathers or steady pins 3, 3, which, entering the
grooves, prevents the shuttles from turning round in the holes within which
they are received. The arms 26, 26, are grooved on either edge, and slide in
the guide ways 27, 27; 28, 28, are latching levers for holding the round pins
2, 2, on the shuttle in the ends of the arms 26, 26; these levers vibrate on a
fulcrum pin 29 (see Fig. 1). The arms of the latching levers extending
towards the cylindrical ends of the reciprocating arms are let into the arms
and have on them a catch, are imbedded into their respective arms or hook,

page_text: .
which is received within the notch filed in the top side of the pins 2, 2, for that
purpose. To the under sides of the reverse arms of the latching levers 28, 28,
the springs 54 are affixed, which causes the said levers to lock into the
pins 2, 2, when they enter the holes. Nos. 30 and 31 are rollers revolving
on studs projecting from the latching levers 27, 27; the bar 32 slides in the
bearings 33, and is so shaped at the end next to the loom, that when drawn
back it acts on the rollers 30, 30, and releases the latching levers 28, 28, from
the pins 2, 2, and when the said bar is moved forward, it relieves its action on
the roller 30, and allows the spring 54 to raise the latching levers 28, 28,
to a position to lock on to the pins 2, 2, again. No. 34 is a projection rising
from the bar 32, which strikes against the standard 35, when the arm 26 is
drawn back, and moves the said bar forward. Nos. 55, 55, are guides to
support the arms 26, 26; 36, 36, are standards to support the ways 27, 27,
with one end resting on the standard 37, 37, and the other on the standard
25. Nos. 88, 38, are two grooved cylinders or drums, the outer ends of the
axes of which turn in bearings 39, 39, and the reverse ends of which are
coupled to the lathe shaft Q. Nos. 40, 40, are grooves in these cylinders,
to which anti-friction rollers are fitted, the rollers turning on studs 41, 41,
extending downwards from the carrier bars 26, 26; when the cylinders or
drums 38, 38, are caused to revolve, the action of the grooves 40, 40, upon the
bars 26, 26, will be such as will cause them to vibrate forwards and backwards
through the warp in the manner required. The cylinders which are used'in
the loom represented in the Drawings are about thirty-two inches in diameter,
and about the same in length. They give a motion to the carriers 26 of twenty-
nine and a half inches. Nos. 42, 42, are stands bolted to the standards 36, 36.
Nos. 43, 43, are cams which act on the rollers 31; 31, and operate upon the
latching levers 28, 28. Nos. 44, 44, are shafts turning in the bearings 45, 45;
46, 46; are arms extending from the shaft 44, 44, and made hooked at their
outer ends, and these hook on to the projections 34, and draw back the bar 82.
The arms 47, 47, project downward from the shafts 44, 44, and are connected
to the rod 48 by the rods 49, 49. No. 50 is a stud projecting from the rod 48,
and playing in a slot in the upper end of the lever 51; the lever 51 vibrates
on the fulcrum 52, and has a stud projecting from its lower arm, playing into
the groove in the periphery of the cam 53; the groove in the cam 53 is so
shaped as to give a vibrating motion to the lever 51, and slide the rod 48,
which, through the medium of the rods 49, 49, and the arms 47, 47, turns the
shafts 44, 44, and raises one of the arms 46, and at the same time depresses
the other. In Fig. 8, a shuttle and the apparatus concerned in handing it from
one of the reciprocating carriers 26 to the other are shewn on a large scale,

page_text: but the respective parts are designated by the same numbers as in Figures 1
and 4; their construction is thus clearly shewn.
The mode of carrying the shuttles through the warp is as follows:-Sup-
pose the loom to be in that stage of its operation in which it is represented
in the Drawings (that is to say), the arms 26, 26, drawn back free from
the shuttle, and the bar 32 moved forward so as to relieve its action on
the roller 30, thereby leaving the latching levers 28, 28, free to lock on to
the shuttle pins 2, 2. The respective parts being in this position, then,
when the shuttle is to be handed across the loom, the cylinders 88, 98,
being made to revolve, as above stated, will, by means of grooves 40 acting
on the friction rollers upon the studs 41, carry the arms 26, 26, forward
towards the middle of the loom, and the bar 26 on that side of the loom
where the shuttle lies which is to be operated, receives the pin 21 in the
shuttle, and carries it forward until it meets the other carrier 26, which also
receives the pin 2 on the reverse end of the shuttle. Now, in case neither of
the latching levers 28; 28, were released from their action on the pins 2, 2, the
carrier arms 26, 26, would be held fast by being locked to their respective
pins at each end of the shuttle; but to prevent this and to determine the
direction of the shuttle after the carrier arms 26, 26, meet, the arm 46 on that
side of the loom from which the shuttle was taken is depressed by the action
of the cam 58, so that the projection 34 strikes against the hook thereon, and
draws back the bar 32, and releases its latching lever 28. It has already been
stated that when one of the arms 46, 46, is depressed the other rises, conse-
quently the arm 46 on the reverse side of the loom from which the shuttle
was taken would be raised, and the projection 34 pass freely under it, and
thereby leave the latching lever locked on the shuttle pin 2. The carrier arms
26, 26, now return, and when they arrive at the proper point to .discharge
the shuttle, the rollers 31, 31, strike against the cams 43, 48, and release the
latching levers 28, 28, and leave the shuttle in the shuttle box, and, at the
same time, the projection 34 on the bar 32, which was drawn back to release.
the latching lever 28, when the carrier arms 26, 26, met in the middle of the
loom, strikes the stand 35, and carries the bar 32 forward to leave the latching
lever 28 free to lock on the shuttle pin 2 on the next operation.
The fifth improvement to be described is the apparatus for preventing the
selvage of the cloth from drawing in when the filling or woof is prevented by
any cause from escaping freely from the shuttle, and also for stopping the
loom when the filling or woof breaks or is exhausted on the bobbin. No. 56
(see Figures 3 and 4) is a vertical shaft, turning in the standards 57, 57, and
has the forked arm 58 extending from it, which acts on the clutch J. 59 is a

page_text: spiral spring, encircling the shaft 56, and acting thereon in such a manner as
to turn it in a direction to disengage the clutch from the clutch-holder 60, and
thereby to stop the loom. No. 61 is an arm extending from the shaft 56,
by which the attendant workman throws the loom into gear. No. 62 is a
rod jointed to the arm 61, which slides in the frame A and the stand 63.
When the operator moves the arm 61 towards the loom, the notch 64 filed in
the side of the rod 62 locks on to the arm 65 and secures the loom in gear,
and when the arm 65 is released from the notch 64, the spring 59 throws the
loom out of gear; the arm 65 is affixed to the shaft 66, turning in the end
frames A, A, and has the handles 67, 67, projecting upward, by which the
workman turns the said shaft, and thereby releases the arm 65 to stop the
loom. No. 68 is an arm extending downward from the shaft 66. No. 69 is
a rod, one end of which slides laterally in a horizontal slot in the stand 70
(see Fig. 2), and the other end turns on the upright stud 71; the upright
stud 71 projects from the sliding bar 72, sliding in the standards affixed to the
frame A, A, by which they are hidden in the Drawings, but are of a
character not to need description. From the under side of the bar 72 the
arm 74 projects, which is acted on by the cam 75, and carries forward the
bar 72 and rod 69; and when this cam relieves its action on the arm 74,
the bar 72 is forced back again by the spiral spring 76. The cam 75 is
screwed to the cam X, and may be adjusted by the slot 77, and should be
so placed as to act on the arm 74 at the time it is desired to throw the
loom out of gear, whenever the filling breaks or is exhausted. When the
shuttle is properly armed with filling, the rod 69 is kept to the left-hand
side of the arm 68, so as to pass freely by it when forced forward by the
cam 75, and no action is produced; but when the filling is broken or is
exhausted, the vibrating end of the rod 69 is made to present to the side
of the arm 68, so that when this rod is moved forward by the cam 75,
it turns the shaft 66 and throws the loom out of gear. The apparatus for
regulating the action of the rod 69 on the arm 68, and for preventing the
selvage of the cloth from drawing in when the filling is obstructed in its
delivery from the shuttle, is constructed as follows:-No. 78 (see Fig. 4) is a
horizontal shaft turning in the stands 79, 79. Nos. 80, 80, are vertical shafts
the upper ends of which turn in the shafts 78, and the lower ends thereof in
the stands 81, 81, screwed to the under side of the shaft 78; from the vertical
shafts 80, 80, the arms 82, 82, extend, which have two projections rising from
their upper sides through which one leg of each of the wire hooks 83, 83,
slide. Nos. 84, 84, are spiral springs to throw the hooks 83, 83, forward.
Nos. 85, 85, are collars, screwed to the hooks 88, and made flat on their under

page_text: sides to rest on the top sides of the arms 82, 82; to keep the hooks 83 from
turning round; the collars 85, 85, limit the motion given to the hooks 83, 83
by the spiral springs 84, 84. Nos. 86, 86, are arms, one of which extends
from the front side of one of the vertical shafts 80, and the other from the back.
side of the other.shaft 80, and are connected together by the rod 87 in such a
manner as that when one of the shafts 80, 80, turns in one direction the other.
turns in an opposite direction. No. 88 is an extension of the rod 87, and has
a downward projection at the end, in which a vertical slot is made to receive
the rod 69; this slot allows the shaft 78 to vibrate without moving the rod 69.;
the spiral spring 89 acts on the rod 87, and throws the arms 82, 82, out to
the position seen in Fig. 4. No. 90 is an arm extending from one of the
vertical shafts 80, 80, and which limits the approach of the arms 82, 82,
towards the cloth by striking against the stand 81; the arm 91, extending
from the shaft 78, has the roller.92 revolving on a stud at its lower end,
which is acted on by the cam 93 and vibrates the shaft 78. This apparatus
operates as follows:-When the loom is in that stage of its operation in
which the lathe is falling backward, the warps opening, and the shuttle about to
start, the cam 93, through the medium of the roller 92 and arm 91, turns the
shaft 78, thereby raising up the points of the wire hooks 83, 83, forward.of
the filling, so that, when the shuttle passes the thread of filling which the
shuttle carries, draws round the point of the wire hook which is at that side of
the loom from which the shuttle is taken, and also draws the said hook towards.
the selvage of the cloth until the arm 90 strikes against the stand 81, which
prevents its further approach, and thereby prevents the filling from drawing in
the selvage of the cloth when it is obstructed in its delivery from the shuttle.
When the filling is drawn round the hooks 83 as aforesaid, the spiral springs
84, 84, allow the hooks to adjust themselves to the face of the cloth. When
the hooks 88, 88, are drawn up to the selvage of the cloth as aforesaid, they
move the vibrating end of the rod 69 to the left side of the arm 90, and' in
case the filling is running properly from the shuttle, retain the said rod in
this position; when it is moved forward by the cam 75, it passes by the
arm 90 without producing any effect, but in case the filling is broken or
is exhausted, the hooks 83, 83, recede from the selvage of the cloth by
the action of the spring 89 and bring the rod 69 in a position to act on the
arm 68 and throw the loom out of gear. When the loom has proceeded to
that stage of its operation at which the shuttle is about to enter the shuttle
box, the cam 93 relieves its action on the arm 91, and the weight of the said
arm draws the hooks 83, 83, out from the filling, and allows it to close into the
selvage, and also allows the hooks to free themselves from the lathe when. it.
beats up the cloth.
•

page_text: Although there are but two pairs of shuttle boxes described and represented
in the aforegoing Specification, it is contemplated to use a series of boxes
containing. any number of, shuttles which may be employed to the best ad-
vantage, one mode of constructing and operating which will be hereafter
set forth under the head of modifications. In making some descriptions
of carpets, however, it may be expedient to use boxes carrying no more
than two or three shuttles, in which case the shuttles, containing the different
colors of filling for shading the carpets are to be shifted by the operator, and
this may be done either when the loom is in operation, or by having the loom
stop of itself when such changes are to be made..
The apparatus for stopping the loom when the shuttles are to be changed
is described as follows:-No. 94 is a cam screwed to the cam X, in the same
manner as the cam 75, and this. acts on the arm 95 which projects downward
from the sliding bar '96, and moves the said bar forward; the sliding bar 96
slides in the stands 78, 73, and when the cam 94 relieves its action on the
arm 95, the spiral spring 97 forces the bar 96 back again; 98 is a rod, one
end of which slides in the stand 73, and the other is jointed to the arm 99
projecting downward from the shaft 96. No. 100 is a hook jointed to the
bar 96, and connected to the jacquard machine by the cord 101. This
apparatus operates as follows:-When the loom is to be stopped to change
a shuttle, the jacquard machine, by acting on the cord 101, raises the hook 100
to a level with the rod 98, then at the proper time the cam 94 forces the
bar 96 forward, which by the action of the hook 100 on the rod 98 throws the
Joom out of mons

page_text: and is described as being applied to the cloth on the front side of the loom,
but it may also be applied to the chain or warp on the back side of the loom,
and still act on the machinery employed to deliver out the chain or warp in
a manner similar to that described, and accomplish the same end without
varying the principle on which it operates, or changing its combination with
the rollers d, ell
Third. The following is an improved mode of constructing the shuttle, whichi
improvement is represented by Nos. 1, 2, 3, Fig. 6:-No. 1 is a plan view of
the shuttle; No. 2, a front view thereof; and No. 3, a cross section, giving an
end view of the bobbin, and showing the mode of delivering the yarn from the
shuttle. The same letters of reference are used in the modifications that are
used in the preceding parts of this Specification to designate parts performing
the same office. 2, 2, are the round pins which enter the arms 26, 26, as in
the mode of constructing the shuttle before described, and form a part of the
shuttle frame a, a, (see Nos. 1, 2, and 3, Fig. 6); the bottom side of the
shuttle frame a is formed in the shape of a V, as shewn in No. 3, Fig. 6;
b. is the bobbin containing the weft or filling, and which turns on a skewer.
affixed to the shuttle frame a, a, in the ordinary way; c is a bow screwed to
the frame of the shuttle a, a, to guide the woof or filling, and support the
apparatus which gives tension to the same; d is a bar projecting inward
from the bow c, and turned up at the end, as seen in No. 3, Fig. 6; e is a
shaft, one end of which turns in the bar d, and the other in the bow c; 7 is an
arm projecting from the shaft e, and bent in such a manner as to rest on the
bar d; g is a spiral spring encircling the shaft e, and adjusted thereto in such a
manner as to cause the arm 7. to press on the bar d, and give friction to the
filling in proportion to the tension required.
Fourth. The following is a new and varied mode of constructing the shuttle
boxes as adapted to receive the improved shuttle above described, which new
and varied mode is represented in Nos. 1, 2 and 3, Fig. 5:-No. 1 is an end
view of the table or piece 10, which constitutes the bottom of the shuttle box;
No. 2 is a plan of this table or piece bolted to the arm 11, which supports the
boxes; and No. 3 is an end view of the arm 11 with two shuttle boxes bolted
thereto, one of which contaius a shuttle. The table or piece 10. has a
V-shaped groove to receive the under side of the shuttle frame a; 14' is the
arresting pin to arrest the shuttle; and 13 is the shuttle binder, which guides
the top of the shuttle frame a, and secures the shuttle in the box; the
shuttle binder 18 has a notch in its under side, as shewn in No. 2, Fig. 5,
which guides the top of the shuttle frame a, a; the shuttle binder 13 is bolted
to the table or piece 10. The shuttle boxes thus formed are bolted to the

page_text: arm 11, as shown in Nos. 2 and 3, Fig. 5. The arm 11 is to be attached to a
shaft, and operated in the same manner as the arm supporting the shuttle
boxes described in the preceding part of the aforegoing Specification.
Fifth. The following is a mode of arranging and operating a series of
shuttle boxes, and is represented in Fig. 7:-A vertical frame is suspended from
the upper floor of the mill at each side of the loom, to the back side of which
frame a shuttle box is attached, and on the front side of the said frame another
frame is so arranged as to slide up and down freely; to this last-named frame
a series of boxes are attached. The frame carrying this series of boxes is
moved up and down by means of a toothed rack and cogged wheel, for the
purpose of bringing the different shuttles into operation which contain the
"filling" to form the figure, the said cogged wheel being made to operate at
proper intervals by the action of the jacquard machine. The shuttle con-
taining the ground filling is placed in the box on the back side of the
suspended frame, and the shuttles carrying the various colored filling for the.
figure are placed in the series of boxes on the sliding frames. The shuttle
carrying the ground filling and one of the shuttles carrying the figured filling
are brought into operation alternately, by a swinging motion given to the
suspended frame. A, A, Fig. 7, is a part of the end frame of the loom; q is
the upper floor of the mill; fis the frame, suspended from the floor g³, with
a shuttle box affixed to the back side thereof at 9; h is the sliding frame, to
which is attached a series of boxes, varying in number according to con-
venience; in the present Drawing only three are represented. The red line i
represents a strap or cord passing over a pulley on the axis of the frame f, and
over the pulley ; to the weight k, which is suspended therefrom; the weight k
is employed to counteract the weight of the sliding frame h. A swinging or
vibrating motion is given to the frame f by means of the bar 7, the arm 20,
and the shaft 21; the said shaft 21 being turned by the action of a cam and
treadle, in the same manner in which it is turned to operate the shuttle boxes,
as set forth in the preceding part of this Specification. This vibrating or
swinging motion brings the shuttle carrying the ground filling, and one of the
shuttles carrying the filling to form the figure, alternately into operation.
The mode of raising and depressing the frame h, to bring the various - shuttles
into operation containing the different colored filling required to form the figure
is as follows:―m is a cogged wheel (shewn in the Drawings by dotted lines)
affixed to the shaft n, and this wheel takes into the tooth rack on the frame h;
the shaft n turns in the stands o, o, and has the wheel p affixed thereto;
is a spring, one end of which is affixed to the frame f, the other end is
formed with a projection which takes into notches made to receive it in the
9

page_text: periphery of the wheel p; from the outer side of the wheel p the pins 8, 8,
extend; r is a latch to act on the pins s, s, in order to turn the wheel p; tho
latch is connected with the jacquard machine, which, at proper intervals,
causes it to act on the pins 8, s, and the upper or under arm is made to act
on its respective pin according as the frame h is to be raised or depressed.
From this description it will be evident, that when the upper arm of the latch
r is depressed, as seen in Fig. 7, and the frame ƒ moved backward, tlie said
arm will then act on the pin s and turn the wheel p the space of one pin, will
dépress the frame h, and bring a new shuttle into operation; when the frame h
is to be raised, the lower arm of the latch r is made to act on the pin s, which
will give a reverse motion to the wheel p.. This mode of arranging and
working a series of shuttle boxes is applicable to looms in which the fly shuttle
motion is used...
'
In addition to the foregoing modifications or variations of certain parts of the
within-described loom, there is shewn in Fig. 9 a new and distinct mode of
delivering out the chain or warp and of taking up the finished cloth, which is
effected. in such a manner as to cause a given number of threads of the woof
or filling to form a given length of cloth, and insure the accurate matching of
the figure or pattern.
Fig. 9 is an end view of certain parts of the loom to which the regulating.
apparatus is applied. A, A, is the end frame of the loom; B, the floor of..the
mill upon which it rests; C is one of the swords to the lathe, which is made
to give motion to the machinery employed, to deliver out the chain or warp,
and take up the cloth; D is the yarn beam, the axes of which turn in the
hangers E, which are bolted to the floor B; F is a cogged wheel affixed to the
yarn beam D, and actuated by the endless screw or worm G; the worm G is
affixed to a vertical shaft II, which turns in suitable bearings, and has the
contrate ratchet wheel I affixed to its upper end; J is a vibrating lever which
vibrates on the upper end of the vertical shaft H as its fulcrum. On one end
of the vibrating lever J the pall or click K plies, which pall actuates the
contrate ratchet wheel. I; to the other end of the said vibrating lever a. bar L
is attached, which connects it with the sliding bar M. The sliding bar M
slides in the stands N, N., which are bolted to the frame A; O is a stud or
arm affixed to the sliding bar M; and to the end of O, which projects outward
from the loom, one end of the rod P is attached, the other end of the said
rod being made hooked, and playing in a groove in the stud Q projecting from
the sword C. The sliding bar M is encircled by the spiral spring R, one end
of which rests against one of the stands N, N', and the other end against

page_text: the stud or arm O. When the sword of the lathe C moves forward to beat
up
the cloth, the rod P draws the sliding bar M forward; and when the lathe
recedes from the face of the cloth, the spring R forces the sliding bar M
back, until the arm O strikes against the stand N', which determines the
degree of motion given to the sliding bar M. The bar S connects the sliding
bar M to one end of a vibrating lever T, which turns on the upper end of the
vertical shaft U as its fulcrum. On the other end of the said vibrating lever
T. the click V plies, which actuates a contrate ratchet wheel W affixed to the
shaft U. To the lower end of the shaft U the endless screw or worm X is
affixed, which actuates the cogged wheel y affixed to the axis of the-cloth
roller 2.
The cloth roller is supported by the hangers a, which are bolted
to the floor of the mill B. A vibrating or tension roller b'is allowed to
vibrate up and down in suitable guides on the inside of the frame A; c'is a
hook hanging on a groove in the end of the vibrating or tension roller b, there
being a similar hook at its opposite end. The lower ends of the hooks c, c, are
connected to a spring d, and adjusted by means of nuts and screws to increase
or diminish the action of the spring d on the vibrating or tension roller 6,
according to the tension required to be given to the warp; the lever e, which
is represented in the Drawings by dotted lines, is a regulating lever, and it
turns on a fulcrum at f; one end of the regulating lever e is connected to the
click K by the cord or wire g, and the other end is connected to the vibrating
or tension roller 6 by the bar h. When the vibrating or tension roller bis
depressed to a certain position it raises the click K through the intermedium
of the bar h, regulating the lever and the cord g, and cuts off its action on
the contrate ratchet wheel I, and when the said vibrating or tension roller is
raised, the click K is depressed to renew its action on the ratchet I. The
roller, which is shewn in part by the dotted lines in the Drawings, is called
the measuring roller; it extends across the loom, and turns in suitable bearings
in the frame A, A. To the axis of the measuring roller i the wheel j is
affixed, which has wire pins k, k, rising vertically from its face; the wire pins
k, k, are about a quarter of an inch in length, and are placed at a greater or
less distance apart according to the greater or less diameter of the measuring
roller i, or the number of threads of woof or filling required to be put in an
inch of the cloth; a second regulating lever l, l, which is shewn in part by
dotted lines in the Drawings, has a slot through it in which a stud plies which
projects inward from the stand m; the said stud supporting the lower end of
the said second regulating lever in such a manner as to allow it to vibrate
thereon, and at the same time have a reciprocating motion endwise. The long

page_text: arm of the regulating lever is guided by the stand n, shewn in the Drawings
by dotted lines, and is connected to the click V by the cord or wire o; p is a
spiral spring encircling the lever l, one end of which spring rests against the
stud projecting from the stand m, and the other end against a pin in the
lever ; q is a stud extending from the cam r, on the main shaft s of the loom,
and as the shafts revolves, the stud q acts on the bevilled part of the lower
end of the regulating lever 1, and forces it back; and when the stud relieves its
action on the lever, the spiral spring p forces it forward again until the end of
the slot strikes against the stud projecting from the stand m, which limits its
motion. The yarn passes from the yarn beam D up over the top back girth,
through the harness and reed, over the roller t, thence down under the vibrat-
ing or tension roller b, up over the regulating roller i, thence. down, and is
wound up on the cloth roller z, as shewn by the red line. The operation of
this apparatus is such as to cause the cloth roller z to wind up a given length
of cloth every given number of threads of woof or filling introduced, and to
cause the yarn beam D to deliver out a sufficient length of warp to form the
cloth taken up by the said cloth roller z.
The operation of the machinery for taking up the cloth is as follows:-
When the lathe vibrates to beat up the cloth, the click V acts on tho
contrate ratchet wheel W, and turns the cloth roller z; but as the cloth
roller z is increased in diameter by every layer of cloth wound on it, it
is evident that there will be no regularity in the quantity of cloth taken up
without regulating the action of the click V, on the ratchet wheel W;
this is effected as follows:-The cloth as it is taken up by the cloth roller
turns the measuring roller i, and causes one of the pins k, k, to raise the
long arm of the regulating lever by means of the cord or wire o, raises the
click V, and cuts off its action on the ratchet wheel W, and leaves the cloth
roller at rest until the stud q draws back the lever from its action on the
pins k, k, and allows the long arm of the lever / to fall down until it is arrested
by the guide n in a position to enter the next space between the pins k, k,
and cause the click V to renew its action on the ratchet W. Suppose it be
required to weave cloth with twenty-four picks to the inch, and that the stud
9 acts on the lever 1, every fourth thread of woof or filling introduced, and
suppose the circumference of the measuring roller i to be four inches, the
number of the pins k, k, in the wheel j should be thirty. The relative pro-:
portion of the cloth roller z, cogged wheel y, and contrate ratchet wheel W.
should be such as to take up about one-fourth more cloth than is. produced by:
the operation of the loom, provided the click V acted on the ratchet W con-.
tinually. The mole of regulating the delivery of the warps from the yarn D.

page_text: is as follows:-Suppose the vibrating or tension roller 6 depressed to the
position to raise the click K, and cut off its action on the contrate ratchet
wheel I, so as to leave the yarn beam D at rest: Now, as the cloth is taken
up by the cloth roller z, the vibrating or tension roller 6 will be raised, and
thereby bring tho click K to renew its action on the ratchet I, and. deliver
out a new portion of warp; and in case too much warp is being delivered
out, the tension roller 6 sinks and raises the click K, as before.
Although in the above description of the measuring roller i and its appen-
dages, it has been spoken of and represented in the Drawings as employed to
regulate the action of the machinery employed to take up the cloth, it is not
intended to confine the use of it to this purpose alone, as it will answer equally
well, and I intend to apply it, to regulate the action of the machinery employed
to turn the yarn beam, and to deliver out the chain of warp.

page_text: Fourthly, I claim the manner of constructing the improved shuttle and
shuttle boxes, as described under the head of the third improvement, and
represented in the respective Figures therein referred to, together with the
modifications thereof herein made known..
.
Fifthly, I claim the disconnecting of the lathe and shuttle boxes, and sup-
porting the said boxes by means of the frame of the loom, or other stationary
part of the structure adapted thereto, and also the working of one pair or of a
series of shuttle boxes so disconnected in the manner set forth, or in any other
manner which is substantially the same. The shuttle boxes so disconnected.
may be applied, and it is intended to apply them, to loons where the fly
shuttle is used, and I claim them, therefore, as applied to looms, different
construction from that herein described.
warp by
Sixthly, I claim the handing or passing of the shuttles through the
means of reciprocating arms, rods, or bars, constructed and operating in the¨
manner described, whether the said handing or passing be effected by means of
grooved cylinders, as herein described, or by any of the known modes of:
producing a reciprocating or forward and backward motion adapted thereto,
and producing a like effect, the handing or passing of the shuttle being in
itself new, and constituting the main feature of this part of the Invention.
Seventhly, I claim the manner of arranging and combining the machinery
employed to cause the above-named reciprocating arms, rods, or bars to receive,
retain, or discharge the shuttles when they are handed through the warp.
Eighthly, I claim the manner of constructing and arranging the apparatus
herein described, for preventing the selvage of the cloth from being drawn
in, and of stopping the loom when the filling breaks or is exhausted on the
bobbin.
Ninthly, I claim the manner of throwing the loom out of gear when a
change of colour is required in the filling, by means of the connexion formed
for that purpose between the jacquard machine and the shipper, whether such
connexion be made precisely in the manner described, or in any modification
which is substantially the same.
Tenthly, In the mode of delivering out the chain or warp, and of taking up
the cloth, as represented in Fig. 9, I claim the application of the measuring
roller with its appendages to the purpose of regulating the action of the
machinery employed to take up the cloth, or to deliver out the chain or warp,
together with such modifications thereof as shall attain the same end, by an
arrangement of parts, the action of which shall be substantially the same.
Eleventhly, I claim the combination of the measuring roller i with the

page_text: vibrating or tension roller b, in such manner as to produce the intended effect
by their co-operation, as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Miles Berry, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-one.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Twenty-seventh day of
May, in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid Miles Berry came before
our Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute in that case made and provided.
STOINTS AT