IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER MACHINES DRIVEN BY POWER
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Hollins, of Glossop, in the County of Derby,
Overlooker, and Frederick Hyde, of the same Place, Mechanic, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING, PART OF
WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER MACHINES DRIVEN BY
POWER."
Sealed the 21st February 1860, and dated the 23rd August 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Hollins and
Frederick Hyde at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 23rd August 1859.
We, WILLIAM HOLLINS, of Glossop, in the County of Derby, Overlooker,
and FREDERICK HYDE, of the same Place, Mechanic, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING,
PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER MACHINES DRIVEN BY
POWER," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate, firstly, to an arrangement of mechanism for
lifting the taking-up catch whenever the loom is "knocked off" or stopped.
- Secondly, to an improved self-acting "temple" for keeping the cloth
distended as it is woven.
-
Thirdly, to a rising step for the journals of the yarn beam to work, in.
Fourthly, to an improved lathe motion.
Fifthly to an improved motion for the warp.
And sixthly, to an improved construction of pulley adapted to compensate

page_text: for the slip of the strap. in power rooms and other machines driven by
power.
In ordinary powers looms, whenever the loom is "knocked off" from the
breaking of the weft, the momentum of the fly wheel and other moving
parts causes the loom.to pick once or twice without weft, and (if the taking-
up catch is in gear), to take up the cloth, and thus cause a thin place. In
order to remedy this defect, we place immediately behind the spring lever
which works the strap guide a bracket placed at an angle to the slot in the
breast beam in which the spring lever works. This bracket acts upon a finger
fixed on the spindle, which carries the taking-up catch, so that whenever the
spring lever is thrown out it lifts the taking-up catch off the taking-up wheel,
and when it is thrown in again returns it into gear. There is also another
finger fixed on the same spindle, by means of which the weaver can throw the
strap off when required.
The improved self-acting "temple" is constructed of an endless chain; with
pins or teeth passing over two rollers, and working in a slot under each
selvage of the cloth. There is a third roller below, which is moveable for the
purpose of keeping the endless chain distended. The rising step for supporting
the
yarn
beam is formed with a rack, and a catch of a suitable construction is
attached to the loom framing, so that when the yarn beam is raised it is'
supported and held in its position by the catches, one at each side of the
loom.
The improved motion to the lathe is proposed to be effected as follows:-
To the crank shaft we connect a crank arm, having a pivot about its centre;
to this pivot is attached a guide of a convenient length, and it is so placed in
position that at a certain point the lathe will obtain a certain excentric motion
by the revolution of the crank shaft. To the other end of the said crank arm
is connected a shorter crank arm, which is connected with the crank arm box
in the ordinary manner. If the guide be on the top side of the crank, arms it
will knock up the weft quick, and if on the under side it will pull back the
lathe quick; if it works in a slide the excentric motion backwards and forwards
will be equal.
....
...
....
The improved motion for the warp: to regulate its own weight is effected; in
the following manner, and consists in having a treadle with a joint-in the
middle, one end acting as a lever, and having a weight to regulate the strain,
upon the shed, that is, when the power can lift a catch attached to one end of
the treadle it works the ratchet wheel, which works a screw for the purpose of
moving back the weight of the swagger lever, and by; so doing always to keep
the weight equal at any diameter of the yarn beam. The common pulley of

page_text: the loom is prepared to slip the strap, and without a certain slip of the strap,.
or in other words, if the strap sticks, the loom will not work. This slip is a
waste of power and a loss of work, and to remedy this we construct a pulley
having a spring fastened to the shaft and attached to the pulley. The pulley.
is loose on the shaft, being held by the spring, so that when the motions of the
loom require the strap to slip it works the spring, which gives way as required;
but in the course of revolution it regains what would have been wasted.
It will be evident that this peculiar construction of pulley is equally
applicable to other machines driven by power where it is advantageous to
compensate for the slip of the strap in such machines.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Hollins and Frederick Hyde in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 23rd February 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
HOLLINS, of Glossop, in the County of Derby, Overlooker, and FREDERICK
HYDE, of the same Place, Mechanic, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of 'Her
reign; did, for: Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said William Hollins and Frederick 'Hyde, Her special licence that we, the said
William Hollins and Frederick Hyde, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said William Hollins and Frederick Hyde, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdoni of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING, PART
OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER MACHINES DRIVEN BY
POWER," upon the 'condition (amongst others) that we; the said William.Hollins
and Frederick Hyde, our executors or administrators, by an 'instrument in
writing under our, or one of our or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Hollins and Frederick Hyde,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement in writing, and on reference to the accompanying
Drawings, that is to say:―
These improvements relate, firstly, to an arrangement of mechanism for
lifting the taking-up catch whenever the loom is knocked off or stopped.
Secondly, to an improved self-acting "temple" for keeping the cloth
distended as it is woven.
Thirdly, to a rising step for the journals of the yarn beam to work in.
Fourthly, to an improved lathe motion.
:
Fifthly, to an improved arrangement for regulating the weight upon the
warp threads.
And sixthly, to an improved construction of pulley adapted to compensate
for the slip of the strap in power looms, and other machines driven by
power.
In ordinary power looms, whenever the loom is "knocked off" from the
breaking of the weft, the momentum of the fly wheel, and other moving parts,
causes the loom to pick once or twice without weft, and (if the taking-up
catch is in gear) to take up the cloth, and thus cause a thin place. In order
to remedy this defect we place immediately behind the spring lever which
works the strap guide, a bracket, placed at an angle to the slot in the breast
beam in which the spring lever works. This bracket acts upon a finger
fixed on the spindle which carries the taking-up catch, so that whenever the
spring lever is thrown out it lifts the taking-up catch off the taking-up wheel,
and when it is thrown in again returns it into gear. There is also another
finger fixed on the same spindle, by means of which the weaver can throw the
strap off when required.
The improved self-acting "temple" is constructed of an endless chain with
pins or teeth passing over two rollers, and working in a slot under each selvage
of the cloth. There is a third roller below, which is moveable, for the
purpose of keeping the endless chain distended. The rising step for supporting
the yarn beam is formed with a rack, and a catch of a suitable construction is
attached to the loom framing, so that when the yarn beam is raised it is
supported and held in its position by the catches, one at each side of the loom.
The improved motion to the lathe is proposed to be effected as follows:-
To the crank shaft we connect a crank arm, having a pivot about its centre;
to this pivot is attached a guide of a convenient length, and it is so placed in
position that at a certain point the lathe will obtain a certain excentric motion

page_text: by the revolution of the crank shaft. To the other end of the said crank arm
is connected a shorter crank arm, which is attached to the crank arm box in
the ordinary manner. If the guide be on the top side of the crank arms, it
will knock up the weft quick, and if on the under side it will pull back the
lathe quick; if it works in a slide, the excentric motion backwards and
forwards will be equal.
The improved motion for the warp to regulate its own weight is effected in
the following manner, and consists in having a treadle with a joint in the
middle, one end acting as a lever, and having a weight to regulate the strain
upon the shed, that is, when the power can lift a catch attached to one end' of
the treadle, it acts upon a ratchet wheel which works a screw, for the purposo
of moving back the weight of the "swagger lever," and by so doing always to
keep the weight equal at any diameter of the yarn beam. The common
driving pulley of the loom is prepared to slip the strap, and without a certain
slip of the strap (or in other words, if the strap sticks) the loom will not work.
This slip is a waste of power, and a loss of work, and to remedy this we 'con-
struct a pulley having a spring fastened to the shaft and attached to the pulley.
The pulley is loose on the shaft, being held by the spring, so that when the
motions of the loom require the strap to slip it works the spring, which gives
way as required, but in the course of a revolution it regains the power that
would have been wasted...
"
。.
It will be evident that this peculiar construction of pulley is equally
applicable to other machines driven by power where it is advantageous to
compensate for the slip of the strap in such machines.
In order further to illustrate the practical application of our Inven-
tion, and to describe the same more in detail, we have annexed hereunto a
Sheet of Drawings, and have marked the same with figures and letters of
reference corresponding with those in the following explanation thereof, that
is to say:-
:
Figure 1 is a sectional view of part of a power loom with some of our
improvements shown as applied thereto; Figure 2 is a side view, and Figure 3
a section, of the spring pulley; Figure 4 is à front view of the arrangement
for lifting the taking-up catch, when the loom is "knocked off;" and Figure 5
is a front view of our improved self-acting "temple."
The first part of our improvements is shown in Figure 4. A, A, is part of
the framing of the loom, and B, B, is part of the breast beam; C, C, is the
spring handle; D, D, is a rod extending across the loom. At one end of this
rod is a finger E carrying a bracket F, against which the spring handle C, C,
acts when the loom is "knocked off," so as to raise the "taking-up." catch G

page_text: at the other end of the..rod, out of gear with the taking-up ratchet wheel;
His another finger fixed on the rod D, D, by which the weaver can throw the
strap off when required.
The second part of our improvements is shown detached at Figure 5, and
also applied to the loom in Figure 1. I, I, is a rod supported by standards
J, J, and carrying at each end a small bracket K, K; furnished with small
rollers, round which passes an endless belt or chain L, L, provided with pins
at its edge. The third roller (see Figure 1) is for the purpose of keeping the
belt or chain distended.
The third part of our Invention is shown at Figure 1. To the step which
carries the gudgeon of the yarn beam M, M, a rack N, N, is attached, into
the teeth of which the catch O, O, falls, a similar step, rack, and catch being
on each side of the loom, so that as the diameter of the yarn beam decreases
the weaver has merely to lift the beam, and the catches O, O, falling into the
teeth of the racks N, N, will support the beam in its raised position.
.
The fourth part of our Invention is also shown at Figure 1. P is the lathe
and the crank; R, R, is the crank arm connected to the lathe by a short
link S, and having a pivot near its centre attached to the guide lever T, T.
The fifth part of our Invention is also represented at Figure 1. U, U*, is
one of the treadles for actuating the healds. The treadle is made of two parts,
jointed together at V, and the healds are worked by the lower limb U*, the
other end of which actuates a lever W, attached by a cord or chain to the
index of the dial plate X. The two limbs of the treadle are kept apart by a
spring Y and weight Z. When the tension of the yarn becomes too great it
overcomes the resistance of this spring or weight, causing the outer end of the
limb U to rise, and by means of the lever W and cord or chain above-named,
raise the index on the dial plate, and thus point out the fact of the warp being
too tight, to the weaver, who can adjust the weight on the "swagger" lever
accordingly, or the yarn may be made to adjust its own weight by attaching a
catch to the lever W, which catch takes into the teeth of a ratchet wheel
fixed on a screw or worm attached to the weight, so that when the lower limb
of the treadle rises it turns. the screw or worm, and thus draws the weight
along the "swagger" lever till the equilibrium is restored.
The sixth part of our improvements is shown detached at Figures 2 and 3,
and also attached to the loom at Figure 1. a, a, is a pulley placed loosely
upon the shaft b, b, and c, c, is a boss keyed fast upon the same; d, d, is a
coiled spring, one end of which is attached to the arm of the pulley a, a, and
the other end made fast to the boss c, c, so that the motion is communicated
from the pulley through the spring to the shaft.

page_text: Having now described the nature and object of our said improvements,
together with the manner of carrying the same into practical effect, we would
remark, that we claim as our Invention the several arrangements of mechanism
herein-before described and shown in the annexed Drawings, or any mere
modification thereof, which may be designed to act in substantially the same
or a similar manner.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Hollins and Frederick Hyde,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Seventeenth day of
February, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty.
WILLIAM HOLLINS. (L.S.)
FREDERICK HYDE. (L.S.)
WILLIAM HOLLINS. (L.s.)
FREDERICK HYDE. (L.S.)