Improvements in Calendering Machines.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Aug., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Jan., 1894-Accepted, 24th Feb., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Calendering Machines.
I, JOSEPH LINDSAY, of Blackness Foundry, Dundee, in the County of Forfar,
North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows, that is to say :-
My said invention relates to calendering machines of the kind in which pressure
is applied to the rollers by means of long levers. In such machines as ordinarily
constructed both the levers of a machine are acted on by one weight or set of
weights operating through a shaft having fast on it pinions gearing with rack teeth
on bars jointed to the ends of the levers. With the object of, if possible, obtaining
equal pressing action at both ends of the rollers of the machine screw adjustments
are provided between the levers and the blocks bearing on the roller journals; it is
however found that the adjustments require continuous attention and very careful
manipulation, and it is the object of my invention to secure equal pressure on the
two ends of the rollers without interfering with the operations of filling and stripping
the rollers. My improvements may be applied to existing machines with but small
alterations of or additions to the existing rack gearing; whilst in the case of new
machines the improvements may be effected in a similar way or by modifications
suited to the requirements and circumstances of each case.
In carrying out my invention according to one modification I have only one of
the pinions fixed on the pinion shaft the other pinion being on a sleeve or tube on
the pinion shaft, this sleeve having fixed on it an additional pulley, which like the
usual pulley on the other end of the pinion shaft has weight applied to it by means
of a belt or rope.
In this way each lever is acted on by a separate weight or set of
weights. The pinion shaft is driven from a first-motion shaft by means of a pinion
on the latter gearing with a spurwheel fast on the former, and an additional spur-
wheel and a pinion are provided for driving the sleeve or tubular shaft ; but in
order that the pinion shaft and the sleeve may be independent of each other when
the weights are in action, the two driving pinions can be disengaged from their
spurwheels by sliding on their shaft or in any other convenient way.
Instead of there being a sleeve or tubular shaft for one of the two rack pinions
there may be two separate solid shafts in the same line. Or one rack pinion may
be on a parallel shaft geared to the shaft of the other rack pinion, a suitable clutch
being interposed to allow of the shafts being set free from each other. Or, again,
with the two pinion shafts in the same line a suitable clutch may be arranged at
their adjacent ends for engaging them together or setting them free from each
other.
When two pinion shafts are employed to act on the rack-toothed bars of the
levers these shafts may be turned for relieving the weights of the levers by means
of grooved pulleys fixed on them, and actuated by wire or other ropes or chains
from a pulley or pulleys on a third shaft. When the weights are to act the third
shaft is by means of a handwheel turned in a manner to throw the ropes or chains a
little slack, which action will allow the levers to be acted on independently of each
other to a sufficient extent.
With the view of avoiding strains from abrupt actions the levers are connected
to the rack-toothed bars through strong springs. Each spring is contained in a box
jointed to the lever, and encircling the upper end of the rack-toothed bar or a rod

page_text: fixed thereto is compressed between a nut on the end of the rod, and the bottom of
the box.
Dated this Fifteenth day of A moust 1802
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicant's Agent.
Improvements in Calendering Machines.
I, JOSEPH LINDSAY, of Blackness Foundry, Dundee, in the County of Forfar,
North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say :-
My said invention relates to calendering machines of the kind in which pressure
is applied to the rollers by means of long levers. In such machines as ordinarily
constructed both the levers of a machine are acted on by one weight or set of
weights operating through a shaft having fast on it pinions gearing with rack
teeth on bars jointed to the ends of the levers. With the object of, if possible
obtaining equal pressing action at both ends of the rollers of the machine screw
adjustments are provided between the levers and the blocks bearing on the roller
journals; it is however found that the adjustments require continuous attention and
very careful manipulation, and it is the object of my invention to secure equal
pressure on the two ends of the rollers without interfering with the operations of
filling and stripping the rollers. My improvements may be applied to existing
machines with but small alterations of or additions to the existing rack gearing;
whilst in the case of new machines. the improvements may be effected in a similar
way or by modifications suited to the requirements and circumstances of each
case.
In carrying out my invention according to one modification I have only one of
the pinions fixed on the pinion shaft the other pinion being on a sleeve or tube on
the pinion shaft, this sleeve having fixed on it an additional pulley, which like the
usual pulley on the other end of the pinion shaft has weight applied to it by means
of a belt or rope. In this way each lever is acted on by a separate weight or set
of weights. The pinion shaft is driven from another shaft by means of a pinion on
the latter gearing with a spurwheel fast on the former, and an additional spur-
wheel and a pinion are provided for driving the sleeve or tubular shaft, both
driving pinions being capable of being disengaged from the spurwheels.
Other modifications differing slightly in detail from the fore-going are hereinafter
more particularly described.
When two pinion shafts are employed to act on the rack-toothed bars of the
levers, these shafts may be turned for relieving the weights of the levers by means
of grooved pulleys fixed on them, and actuated by wire or other ropes or chains
from a pulley or pulleys on a third shaft which can be turned in a manner to throw.
the ropes or chains a little slack to allow the levers to be afterwards acted on.
independently of each other by the weights.
And in order that my said invention and the manner of performing the same may
be properly understood I hereunto append four sheets of explanatory drawings, to
be hereinafter referred to, and showing parts of calendering machines as made
according to my invention."
Figure, 1, on Sheet, 1, of the drawings is a side elevation of a part of the
machine.
.
Figure, 2, on Sheet, 2, is a sectional elevation, as at right angles to Figure, 1,
of one modification of the rack gearing..

page_text: Figures, 3, 4, and, 5, are similar views of parts of three modifications of the
rack gearing.
Figures, 6, and, 7, on Sheet, 3, are sectional elevations as at right angles to each
other, of another modification of the rack gearing.
Figures, 8, and, 9, on Sheet, 4, are respectively a plan and side elevation of
another modification of the rack gearing.
In these drawings the same reference letters and numerals are used to mark the
same or like parts wherever they are repeated.
In the modification shown in Figures 1, and, 2, on Sheets, 1, and, 2, of the
drawings I have only one, A, of the rack pinions fixed on the pinion shaft, B, the
other pinion, C, being on a sleeve or tube, D, on the pinion shaft, this sleeve
having fixed on it an additional pulley, E, which like the usual pulley, F, on the
other end of the pinion shaft, has weight applied to it by means of a belt or rope
passing up to and round overhead pulleys (not shown). In this way each lever, G,
is acted on by a separate weight or set of weights. The pinion shaft, B, when
acted on to take the weights off the levers, G, is driven from a shaft, H, by means
of a pinion, H 1, on the latter gearing with a spurwheel, B1, fast on the former,
and an additional spurwheel, DI, and a pinion, H 2, are provided for driving the
sleeve or tubular shaft, D. In order that the pinion shaft, B, and the sleeve, D,
may be independent of each other when the weights are in action, the two driving
pinions, H1, and, H 2, can be disengaged from their spurwheels, B 1, and, D1,
being on a sleeve capable of being moved along the shaft, H, by a hand lever, H 3,
or in any other convenient way. "The teeth of the driving pinions, H 1, and, H 2,
are tapered at the parts which first come in contact with the spurwheels, B 1, and,
D1, to facilitate their gearing with the spurwheels. The shaft, H, is driven in the
usual way by a pulley, B 2, and pinion, B 3, on a sleeve loose on the pinion shaft, B,
the pinion gearing with a spurwheel, H4, fast on the shaft, H.
In the modification shown in Figure, 3, in which is delineated the part of the rack
gearing at one side of the machine, instead of there being a sleeve or tubular
shaft, D, for one of the two rack pinions there are provided two separate solid
shafts in the same line, one being the usual pinion shaft, B, and the other a short
pinion shaft, K, having fast on it the spurwheel, D 1, and rack pinion, C, similar to
those on the sleeve. The meeting ends of the two shafts, B, and, K, work in a
bearing, K1, and the other details are similar to those in the previous
modification.
Or instead of the sleeve, D, (Figures, 1, and 2,) there might be as shown in
Figure, 4, a parallel shaft, L, having fast on it a rack pinion, C, and another
pinion, L1, the latter gearing into a pinion, M, which is loose on a fixed stud, M 1,
and gears into another pinion, B 4, loose on the pinion shaft, B, on which a
clutch, B5, capable of being actuated by a hand lever, H 3, is provided to engage
with or be set free from the pinion, B 4.
Or again as shown in Figure, 5, with the two pinion shafts, B, and, K, in the
same line a spurwheel, K 2, (corresponding to the spurwheel, D 1) on the latter is
formed with internal teeth, K 3, which engage with a sliding clutch, B6, on the
pinion shaft, B, the spurwheel and clutch being arranged at the adjacent ends of
the shafts.
Or again as shown in Figures, 6, and, 7, on Sheet, 3, there is at each side of the
machine a spurwheel, P, loose on the end of the pinion shaft, B, and driven by a
pinion, H 5, on the shaft, H. Each spurwheel, P, is fitted with pawls, P 1, which
engage with internal ratchet teeth, F1, on the usual weight-winding pulley E, F,
and this pulley is fast on a sleeve, E 2, F2, loose on the pinion shaft, B, the sleeve
being formed with a rack pinion, A, C, in a piece with it.
In this modification of the gearing the independent and equalising action takes
place as the cloth is being wound upon the roller, the winding on increasing the
roller's diameter, and thereby causing the levers, G, to rise to the extent of double
the thickness of the cloth on the roller. The rising of the levers, G, will make the

page_text: pulleys, E, F, turn in the direction of the arrow in Figure, 6, and it is obvious
that each pulley can thus turn quite independently of the other, and that
consequently the two weights will act separately and equally on the two
levers, G.
In the modification shown in Figures, 8, and, 9, on Sheet, 4, two pinion shafts, Q,
and, R, are employed to act on the racked toothed bars, S, of the levers, G,
(Figure, 1) and these shafts are turned for relieving the weights off the levers
by means of grooved pulleys, Q1, and, R 1, fixed on them and actuated by wire
or other ropes, Q2, and, R 2, fixed to them and to pulleys, V, on a third shaft, V 1.
When the weights (not shown) are to act, the third shaft, V 1, is by means of
a handwheel, V2, on it turned beyond the extent required to bring the weights
into action so as to throw the ropes, Q2, and, R 2, a little slack, which will allow
the levers, G, to be acted on independently of each other to a sufficient extent.
With the view of avoiding strains from abrupt actions the levers, G, are connected
to the rack-toothed bars, S, through strong springs, W, (shown in Figures, 1, 6,
and 7). Each spring, W, is contained in a box, W 1, which as shown in Figure, 1,
is jointed to the lever, G, and encircles the upper end of the rack-toothed bars, S,
or a rod, Si, fixed thereto, the spring being compressed between a nut, S2, on the
end of the rod, and the bottom of the box. In Figures, 6, and, 7, the rack-toothed
bars, S, are shown as formed with box-like parts, W 1, enclosing the springs, W,
and each spring is compressed between a nut, W 2, (on the lower end of a
rod, W3, passing upward and jointed to the lever, G) and the cover, W 4, fixed on
the box-like part.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In calendering machines in which pressure is applied to the rollers by means
of levers acted on by weight, the employment of a separate weight or set of
weights for each lever combined with gearing for simultaneously putting both
weights or sets of weights into and out of action and adapted to allow them to
act independently when in action, substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore
described.
2. The construction, arrangement, and combination of parts constituting the
improved weight apparatus for levers of calendering machines substantially as and
for the purposes herein before described with reference to Figures, 1, and, 2, of the
accompanying drawings.
3. The construction, arrangement, and combination of parts constituting the
improved weight apparatus for levers of calendering machines substantially as and
for the purposes hereinbefore described with reference to Figure, 3, of the
accompanying drawings.
4. The construction, arrangement, and combination of parts constituting the
improved weight apparatus for levers of calendering machines substantially as and
for the purposes herein before described with reference to Figure, 4, of the
accompanying drawings.
5. The construction, arrangement, and combination of parts constituting the
improved weight apparatus for levers of calendering machines substantially as and
for the purposes hereinbefore described with reference to Figure, 5, of the
accompanying drawings.
6. The construction, arrangement, and combination of parts constituting the
improved weight apparatus for levers of calendering machines substantially as and
for the purposes hereinbefore described with reference to Figures, 6, and, 7, of the
accompanying drawings.
7. The construction, arrangement, and combination of parts constituting the
improved weight apparatus for levers of calendering machines substantially as and
for the purposes hereinbefore described with reference to Figures, 8, and, 9, of the
accompanying drawings.

page_text: 8. In calendering machines, connecting the long pressure levers to the rack-
toothed bars by means of springs arranged or applied substantially in the manner
hereinbefore described.
Dated this Twenty-second day of January 1894.
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicant's Agent.