AN IMPROVED MODE OF PREPARING THE RESIDUE OF BEETROOT, MANGEL WURTZEL, AND OTHER SPECIES OF THE GENUS BETA LEFT IN SUGAR MAKING AND DISTILLATION, TO BE USED AS MATERIAL IN MAKING PAPER, PAPIER MACHÉ, MILLBOARD, AND OTHER SIMILAR MANUFACTURES."
Year: 1857

page_text: En the Matter of a Patent granted to Robert Hanham Collyer, M.D.,
of No. 3, Park Road, Regent's Park, London, for his Invention of
"AN IMPROVED MODE OF PREPARING THE RESIDUE OF BEETROOT, MANGEL
WURTZEL, AND OTHER SPECIES OF THE GENUS BETA LEFT IN SUGAR MAKING
AND DISTILLATION, TO BE USED AS MATERIAL IN MAKING PAPER, PAPIER
MACHÉ, MILLBOARD, AND OTHER SIMILAR MANUFACTURES."
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT.
HANHAM COLLYER, M.D., of No. 3, Park Road, Regent's Park, London, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me the said
Robert Hanham Collyer, Her special licence, that I, the said Robert Hanham
Collyer, or my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Robert Hanham Collyer, or my executors, administrators, and assigns,

page_text: should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IM-
PROVED MODE OF PREPARING THE RESIDUE OF BEETROOT, MANGEL WURTZEL, AND OTHER
SPECIES OF THE GENUS BETA LEFT IN SUGAR MAKING AND DISTILLATION, TO BE USED
AS MATERIAL IN MAKING PAPER, PAPIER MACHÉ, MILLBOARD, AND OTHER SIMILAR
MANUFACTURES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Robert
Hanham Collyer, or my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calender months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
+
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Hanham Collyer, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
Letters
residus
In the Specification to certain Lettres Patent, dated on the Eighteenth of
October, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six,
granted for my Invention for "Improved Method of Manufacturing Paper,"
claim is made to the exlusive use of the residue and substances extracted from
the genus beta, i.e.; beetroot, mangel wurtzel, in any proportion whatsoever as
material for paper. I have since ascertained that the risidue of the beetroot,
&c. has been attempted to be used for this purpose, and that Patent have
been granted for the use thereof under various conditions and modes of pre-
paration, although the several processes employed and the results therefrom
produced have not brought the residue into successful use, I have also become
satisfied by experiment that said residue can be made useful only when
prepared so as to present itself under certain conditions.
Patents
The object and intent, therefore, of the present application for Letters
Patent is to secure the exclusive right to the use and application as paper
material of the residue of beetroot, mangel wurtzel, and other species of the
genus betâ left in the process of sugar making and distillation, prepared as
herein-after described, so as to present those conditions.
The Invention consists in the preparation of said residue for paper-making
material in such a manner that the glutinous, albuminous, gelatinous, and other
proteine qualities it contains shall be developed, preserved, and brought into an

page_text: active state, and rendered useful; and in the application and use of said
residue, when prepared in combination with other materials, to be converted
by known modes into paper, papier maché, millboard, and other paper manu-
factures. This residue has heretofore been tried for the same purpose, but
with little or no success, especially when pressed, for the reason that it was
used under such conditions as to render these qualities comparatively useless
and inactive, or has undergone such treatment previous to use as to remove
them, thus destroying the properties which I consider most essential when the
residue is employed for making paper.
:
The development and employment of the cellulose, starchy, gummy, albų-
minous, gelatinous, and other proteine substances, in a state of coagulation, and
under certain conditions of insolubility, give to the material a greatly increased
value, for the cohesive and sizing properties brought into use aid and strengthen
not only the fibre of the residue, but give body and tenacity to other materials,
some of which could not otherwise be employed with advantage.
subsequent
subsequent
The use of the residue if these properties have not been washed away or
otherwise removed or destroyed by the use of caustic alkalies, or by any process
subsuquent to that of making sugar or spirit, such as a subsequent maceration
and repressing, or injured by fermentation, will enable the manufacturer to
dispense with the use of other size, and to avoid the necessity, as when
gelatine or animal size is used, if passing the paper through a subsequent
process in another machine to be sized, and it will also give strength and
tenacity, as above mentioned, to the article. In consequence of the whole
mass being permeated, instead of the surface alone being covered, it is
from its compactness, solidity, and elasticity, not liable to crack, and for the
same reason will resist damp and moisture when in the form of paper.
From its cohesive property much larger proportions of ordinary materials
can be employed in combination with it than in the usual modes. The paper
will be less liable to injury from insects or decomposition of the size than when
animal substances are employed. The residue may be found sufficiently pre-
pared, and the albumine mueilaginous substances coagulated and preserved in a
sufficient degree for use in making most descriptions of paper when left by these
processes of sugar making and distillation where the beetreet is boiled or steamed
and macerated; but as this residue has never to my knowledge been employed-in
this state as paper material, I claim to be the first Inventor or discoverer of its use
and employment as such. When the other modes of distillation and sugar making
have left the residue in a raw and crude state, with the proteine substances coluble
comparatively dormant, without strength or cohesive power, before it is fit to be

page_text: used, it is necessary to develope, fix, and render permanent these properties.-As
the residue must be-used throughout the year, and as-the-distilleries and sugar
*factories are in operation only about 7 months to preserve it from decomposition
the residue should be dried but not-pressed, in order to be fit for use during the
interval, I will therefore begin my description of the mode of preparing it for use
from that state. It should be placed in boiling--water or steamed in a suitable
receptacle, or in other words, subjected. The residue, when left by those processes
of sugar making and distillation, where the beetroot is boiled or steamed and
macerated, may be found sufficiently prepared, and the albumino-mucilaginous
"substances coagulated and preserved in a sufficient degree for use in making most.
"descriptions of paper. Yet, in these modes, as in the other modes of distillation
and sugar. making when the residue is left in a raw and crude state with the
proteine substances soluble and comparatively dormant, and with comparatively
less strength and cohesive power, it is necessary, in order to bring the residue into
a more efficient state for use, to develope, fix, and render permanent the properties
of these substances by submitting the residue to a process of preparation as herein-
after mentioned.
}
I will therefore begin my description of the mode of preparing the residue for
: use.
After
:
I begin by drying it, and after having been dried I place it in boiling water.
or steam it in a suitable receptacle, or in other words, I subject it to the action of
active humid caloric at a temperature of from 212° to 300° Fahrenheit, for a
time sufficient to coagulate the albumino-mucilaginous properties. This is
generally effected in about an hour. I prefer using a close receptacle, so as to
obtain a pressure of from 10 to 30 lbs. to the square inch. While boiling, add
from 2% to 4% of carbonate of soda, or in lieu thereof, from 1 to 5% of
sulphuric acid.
The addition of the acid is made in proportion as the paper
is required to be solid and compact. The sulphuric acid should be added
'when the residue is in a pulpy condition. It communicates tenacity and com-
pactness by producing a coherence of the cellulose tissue, and also brings into
an active glutinous state the proteine compounds. The residue is now prepared
and ready to be pulped, and then to be mixed with other materials in like
condition, and in the proportions required.
:
The albumino-mucilaginous or proteine-substanees-are-found-to-exist-in-100-parts
of the dried residue, in the proportion of about 34 parts cellulose,-and-woody-fibre
56 parts, and 16-parts of fixed salts-of-potasse, soda, selica, and some earthy-matters.
In 100 parts of dried residue, there are found to exist 56 parts of pectic acid and
albumino-mucilaginous substances, 34 parts of cellulose and woody fibre, and 10

page_text: parts of fixed salts of potassa, soda, silica, and some earthy matters.
These salts
nave been in a great measure extracted in that process of sugar making where
the beetroot has been macerated.
In order to make white paper, the pulped prepared residue, that is, that
in which the albumino-mucilaginous substances have been coagulated and
preserved, should be boiled with from 2% to 4% of carbonate of soda, soda
ash, or sulphuric acid, to remove any saccharine or other matter than the
proteine substances and the fibre. It is then ready to be bleached by
submitting it to a bath of chloride of lime or any other bleaching process.
is then to be mixed with the pulp of the bleached cotton or linen rags in the
proportions of from 10% to 50% or more, according to the particular kind
of paper required.
loses
It
The extraordinary tendency which the cellulose, starchy, and proteine
substances have to enlarge, when exposed to heat and moisture, render them
very valuable for giving strength to other material, especially to cotton, which
is deficient in these properties. When thus mixed, each fibre of the cotton
becomes cylindrical and thick, and attains the strength of hemp and flax, and
no longer looses its shape through pressure. A similar improvement is evident
when it is combined with other materials. A proportion of 10 per cent. of
this prepared residue with the other usual material makes tougher and more
flexible paper; twenty-five per cent. renders paking paper sufficiently water-
proof that it will require no other sizing.
packing
I would here observe that for paper to be used in packing cutlery, &c., the
.soda and sulphuric acid may be omitted. Fifty per cent. will produce paper
nearly or quite as strong as parchment, and which, in very thin sheets, will
preserve articles packed in it from dampness.
. Strong paper, cardboard, &c., can be made from 75% of prepared residue
and 25% of cotton; also of 50% of prepared residue, 40% of raw residue,
and 10% of common sawdust; cut straw, hay, &c. may be used. 50% of
prepared residue and 50% of fine cut straw (by weight) will produce strong
packing paper; as will also 50% of white saw-dust, 30% of prepared residue,
and 20% of cotton or cotton rags. When it is an object to give a glazed
surface to the paper, add % to 1% more of sulphuric acid. In fine, every
modification and proportion of materials resorted to for producing paper must
be governed and be subordinate to the hardness, suppleness, and toughness
required. If too large a proportion of prepared residue is used, say, over
75%, great difficulty will be experienced in drying it upon the drying cylinders
in consequence of the impermeable nature of the proteine substances, when
coagulated, as before described.

page_text: The principal and especial value of the beetroot residue after distillation
or the making of sugar as a paper-making material, depends on the tenacious,
cohesive, agglutinating, and sizing qualities of the albumino-mucilaginous
substances; it is these which I desire to preserve intact, that is, in such an
active state as to communicate strength, elasticity, and sizing, to the paper
made therewith. Hitherto these valuable substances have been lost, being
removed by pressure when in the raw state, washed away or destroyed by
acetic acid, or the use of caustic alkalies, in fine, every means have been
resorted to get rid of these very substances which I take every means to
preserve. It is also to be observed that acidulous or acetic fermentation
destroys the proteine substances, they are also nearly all dissolved by water
in the crude or uncoagulated state, and as before remarked, removed by
pressing. Hence the absolute necessity of avoiding all actual washing or
pressing prior to the preparation of the residue, as before described. The
acetic fermentation would soon take place from the moist state in which the
.residue is left after distillation or sugar making, unless prevented. For this
purpose as well as to render it less dangerous from heating and less incon-
venient for transportation it should be desseeated at not less than 100°
Fahrenheit, or it may be preserved by boiling it in water, this last however will
not be found convenient when the substance has to be transported to distant
-paper factories, as after boiling it occupies much more space, and cannot be
re-pressed.
fe the pectine, also to
A
desiccated
For making brown and white paper and other paper manufactures, I do
not mean to confine myself to the combinations and proportions above stated,
.but what I claim under the. herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is
the exclusive use and employment for making paper and paper manufactures
in any combination or proportion whatever, of the residue prepared so as to
.retain and preserve the albumino-mucilaginous substances, as before described
or in any other manner, substantially the same, of beetroot, mangel wurtzel,
and other species of the genus betâ, left after the sugar making and distilling
.processes have extracted the saccharine matter. And, I also claim the process
before described, or any other substantially the same, for preparing the residue
for use as material for paper and paper manufactures.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Hanham Collyer, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of August, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-eight.
ROB. II. COLLYER. (L.S.)

page_text: To the Commissioners. of Patents for Inventions.
I hereby grant my fiat giving leave to the above mentioned Robert Hanham
Collyer to file in the Great Seal Patent Office with the Specification to which
the same relates, the above-written Disclaimer.
Lincoln's Inn,
26th Sept, 1858.
H. M. CAIRNS.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Hanham Collyer, M.D., of No. 3, Park
Road, Regent's Park, London, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MODE
OF PREPARING THE RESIDUE OF BEETROOT, MANGEL WURTZEL, AND OTHER
SPECIES OF THE GENUS BETA LEFT IN SUGAR MAKING AND DISTILLATION, TO BE
USED AS MATERIAL IN MAKING PAPER, PAPIER MACHÉ, MILLBOARD, AND OTHER
SIMILAR MANUFACTURES."
Sealed the 11th August 1857, and dated the 5th June 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Hanham Collyer
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
. 5th June 1857.
I, ROBERT HANHAM COLLYER, M.D., of No. 3, Park Road, Regent's Park,
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MODE OF PREPARING THE RESIDUE OF BEETROOT, MANGEL WURTZEL, AND OTHER
SPECIES OF THE GENUS BETA LEFT IN SUGAR MAKING AND DISTILLATION, TO BE USED
AS MATERIAL IN MAKING PAPER, PAPIER MACHÉ, MILLBOARD, & OTHER SIMILAR
MANUFACTURES," to be as follows:-
In the preparation of said residue in such a manner that the. glutinous and
gummy properties retained in it shall be developed into an active, state and
rendered useful. The substance has heretofore been tried for this purpose,
but with little or no success, for the reason, as I believe, that it has been

page_text: employed without reference to these properties. Until these can be made by
their powers of cohesion and of sizing the mass to aid the fibrous nature
of the residue, this material will be for the aforesaid purpose of small
value.
In that process of distillation where the root is boiled for maceration, the
residue may be found in the prepared state, but has never, to my knowledge,
been employed as a material for making paper. In the other modes of
distillation, and in those of sugar making, the gluten and gum remain in a
comparatively latent state. In this condition the residue is submitted, in a vat
or other suitable receptacle, to heat communicated through water, steam, or
other similar medium of a proper temperature, and for the length of time
requisite to develope the gluten & gum. The mass in this state is then mixed
in such proportions as may be desired with the other usual materials, or used
alone, and is reduced to pulp in the ordinary manner for use.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Robert Hanham Collyer in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 5th December 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
HANHAM COLLYER, M.D., of No. 3, Park Road, Regent's Park, London, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Robert Hanham Collyer, Her special licence that I, the said Robert Hanham
Collyer, or my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Robert Hanham Collyer, or my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN
IMPROVED MODE OF PREPARING THE RESIDUE OF BEETROOT, MANGEL WURTZEL, AND
OTHER SPECIES OF THE GENUS BETA LEFT IN SUGAR MAKING AND DISTILLATION, TO
BE USED AS MATERIAL IN MAKING PAPER, PAPIER MACHE, MILLBOARD, & OTHER
SIMILAR MANUFACTURES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Robert Hanham Collyer, or my executors or administrators, by an instrument

page_text: in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to. be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Hanham Collyer, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
In the Specification to certain Lettres Patent, dated on the 18th of October,
A.D. 1856, granted for my Invention for "Improved Method of Manu-
facturing Paper," claim is made to the exclusive use of the residue and
substances extracted from the genus betâ, i.e., beetroot, mangel wurtzel, in any
proportion whatsoever, as material for paper. I have since ascertained that
the risidue of the beetroot, etc. has been attempted to be used for this
purpose, and that Patent have been granted for the use thereof under various
conditions and modes of preparation, although the several processes employed
and the results therefrom produced have not brought the residue into suc-
cessful use. I have also become satisfied, by experiment, that said residue
can be made useful only when prepared, so as to present itself under certain
conditions. The object and intent, therefore, of the present application for
Letters Patent is to secure the exclusive right to the use and application as
paper material, of the residue of beetroot, mangel wurtzel, and other species
of the genus betâ, left in the process of sugar making and distillation, pre-
pared as herein-after described, so as to present those conditions.
The Invention consists in the preparation of said residue for paper-making
material in such a manner that the glutinous, albuminous, gelatinous, and
other proteine qualities it contains shall shall be developed, preserved, and
brought into an active state, and rendered useful, and in the application and
use of said residue when prepared in combination with other materials to be
converted by known modes into paper, papier maché, millboard, and other
paper manufactures. This residue has heretofore been tried for the same pur-
pose, but with little or no success, especially when pressed, for the reason that
it was used under such conditions as to render these qualities comparatively
useless and inactive, or has undergone such treatment previous to use as to
remove them, thus destroying the properties which I consider most essential
when the residue is employed for making paper.
The development and employment of the cellulose, starchy, gummy,
albuminous, gelatinous, and other proteine substances in a state of coagulation

page_text: and under certain conditions of insolubility give to the material a greatly
increased value, for the cohesive and sizing properties brought into use aid
and strengthen not only the fibre of the residue, but give body and tenacity to
other materials, some of which could not otherwise be employed with
advantage.
The use of the residue, if these properties have not been washed away, or
otherwise removed or destroyed by the use of caustic alkalies, or by any process
subsciquent to that of making sugar or spirit, such as a subsecquent maceration
and repressing, or injured by fermentation, will enable the manufacturer to
dispense with the use of other size, and to avoid the necessity, as when gelatine
or auimal size is used, of passing the paper through a subsequent process in
another machine to be sized, and it will also give strength and tenacity, as above
mentioned, to the article. In consequence of the whole mass being permeated
instead of the surface alone being covered, it is, from its compactness, solidity,
and elasticity, not liable to crack, and for the same reason will resist damp
and moisture when in the form of paper. From its cohesive property much
larger proportions of ordinary materials can be employed in combination with
it than in the usual modes. The paper will be less liable to injury from
insects or decomposition of the size than when animal substances are employed.
The residue may be found sufficiently prepared and the albumino-muci-
laginous substances coagulated and preserved in a sufficient degree for use in
making most descriptions of paper when left by those processes of sugar
making and distillation where the beetroot is boiled or steamed and mace-
rated; but as this residue has never, to my knowledge, been employed in this
state as paper material, I claim to be the first Inventor or discoverer of its
use and employment as such. When the other modes of distillation and
sugar making have left the residue in a raw and crude state, with the
proteine substances soluble, comparatively dormant, without strength or
cohesive power before it is fit to be used, it is necessary to develope, fix,
and render permanent these properties. As the residue must be used
throughout the year, and as the distilleries, and sugar factories are in ope-
ration only about seven months, to preserve it from decomposition the residue
should be dried but not pressed, in order to be fit for use during the interval,
I. will therefore begin my description of the mode of preparing it for use
from that state. It should be placed in boiling water, or steamed in a suitable
receptacle, or in other words, subjected to the action of active humid caloric,
at a temperature of from 212° to 300° Fahrenheit, for a time sufficient to
coagulate the albumino-mucilaginous properties. This is generally effected in
about an hour. I prefer using a close receptacle, so as to obtain a pressuro

page_text: of from 10 to 30 lbs. to the square inch. While boiling add from 2% to 4%
of carbonate of soda, or in lieu thereof, from 1 to 5% of sulphuric acid.
The addition of the acid is made in proportion as the paper is required to be
solid and compact.
The sulphuric acid should be added when the residue is in
a pulpy condition. It communicates tenacity and compactness by producing
a coherence of the cellulose tissue, and also brings into an active glutinous
state the proteine compounds. The residue is now prepared and ready to be
pulped, and then to be mixed with other materials in like condition and in the
proportions required.
The albumino-mucilaginous or proteine substances are found to exist in
100 parts of the dried residue, in the proportion of about 34 parts cellulose,
and woody fibre 56 parts, and 10 parts of fixed salts of potasse, soda, selica,
and some earthy matters. These salts have been in a great measure extracted
in that process of sugar making where the beetroot has been macerated.
In order to make white paper, the pulped prepared residue, that is, that in
which the albumino-mucilaginous substances have been coagulated and pre-
served, should be boiled with from 2% to 4% of carbonate of soda, soda ash,
or sulphuric acid, to remove any saccharine or other matter than the proteine
substances and the fibre. It is then ready to be bleached, by submitting it to
a bath of chloride of lime or any other bleaching process.
It is then to be
mixed with the pulp. of the bleached cotton or linen rags, in the proportions
of from 10% to 50%, or more, according to the particular kind of paper
required.
The extraordinary tendency which the cellulose, starchy, and proteine sub-
stances have to enlarge, when exposed to heat and moisture, render them very
valuable for giving strength to other material, especially to cotton, which is
deficient in these properties. When thus mixed each fibre of the cotton
becomes cylindrical and thick, and attains the strength of hemp and flax, and
no longer looses its shape through pressure. A similar improvement is evident
when it is combined with other materials. A proportion of 10 per cent. of
this prepared residue, with the other usual material, makes tougher and
more flexible. paper. Twenty-five per cent. renders paking paper sufficiently
waterproof, that it will require no other sizing.
. I would here observe that for paper to be used in packing cutlery, &c., the
soda and sulphuric acid may be omitted. Fifty per cent. will produce paper
nearly or quite as strong as parchment, and which in very thin sheets will
preserve articles packed in it from dampness.
Strong paper, cardboard, &c. can be made from 75% of prepared residue
and 25% of cotton; also of 50% of prepared residue, 40% of raw residue,

page_text: and 10% of common sawdust; cut straw, hay, &c. may be used. 50% of
prepared residue and 50% of fine cut straw (by weight) will produce strong
packing paper; as will also 50% of white sawdust, 30% of prepared residue,
and 20% of cotton or cotton rags. When it is an object to give a glazed
surface to the paper add % to 1% more of sulphuric acid. In fine,
every modification and proportion of materials resorted to for producing
paper must be governed and be subordinate to the hardness, suppleness,
and toughness required. If too large a proportion of prepared residue is used,
say, over 75%, great difficulty will experienced in drying it upon the drying
cylinders, in consequence of the impermeable nature of the proteine substances
when coagulated, as. before described.
The principal and especial value of the beetroot residue, after distillation or
the making of sugar, as a paper-making material, depends on the tenacious,
cohesive, agglutinating, and sizing qualities of the albumino-mucilaginous
substances; it is these which I desire to preserve intact, that is, in such an
active state as to communicate strength, elasticity, and sizing to the paper
made therewith. Hitherto these valuable substances have been lost, being
removed by pressure when in the raw state, washed away or destroyed by acetic
acid or the use of caustic alkalies; in fine, every means have been resorted to
to get rid of these very substances, which I take every means to preserve.
It is also to be observed that acidulous or acetic fermentation destroys the
proteine substances; they are also nearly all dissolved by water in the crude
or uncoagulated state, and, as before remarked, removed by pressing; hence
the absolute necessity of avoiding all actual washing or pressing prior to the
preparation of the residue, as before described. The acetic fermentation
would soon take place, from the moist state in which the residue is left after
distillation or sugar making, unless prevented. For this purpose, as well as
to render it less dangerous from heating, and less inconvenient for transporta-
tion, it should be dessecated at not less than 100° Fahrenheit; or it
preserved by boiling it in water; this last, however, will not be found con-
venient when the substance has to be transported to distant paper factories,
as after boiling it occupies much more space and cannot be repressed.
may be
For making brown and white paper and other paper manufactures, I do
not mean to confine myself to the combinations and proportions above stated;
but what I claim under the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the
exclusive use and employment for making paper and paper manufactures, in
any combination or proportion whatever of the residue prepared, so as to
retain and preserve the albumino-mucilaginous substances, as before described,
or in any other manner substantially the same, of beetroot, mangel wurtzel,

page_text: and other species of the genus beta, left after the sugar making and distilling
processes have extracted the saccharine matter. And I also claim the process
before described, or any other substantially the same, for preparing the residue
for use as material for paper and paper manufactures.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Haneham Collyer, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, on this Fourteenth day of October, Anno Domini
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
ROB. H. COLLYER. (L.S.)