Improvements in Apparatus for Heating Liquid and Gaseous Bodies.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Feb., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 5th Nov., 1890--Accepted, 6th Dec., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Heating Liquid and Gaseous Bodies.
I, BENJAMIN JOSEPH BARNARD MILLS, of 23 Southampton Buildings, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, a com-
munication to me from abroad by Aldolphe Seigle-Goujon, of Place des Terreaux,
Lyons, in the Republic of France, Civil Engineer, to be as follows:-
The invention has for its object, the intense heating without smoke, of steam boilers
or similar apparatus, and generally of liquid or gaseous bodies, by means of special
burners arranged to obtain the integral combustion of gases, vapours, or combustible
dust.
It consists in projecting the flame arising from these combustible bodies, within a
heating passage surrounded by the liquid or gas to be heated, and formed of a.
succession of Bunsen burners, in the inferior of which the combustion is continued
and completed, in such manner that nothing issues from this passage but hot
incombustible and colorless gases, the heat of which is utilized by known means in
the same apparatus or in a supplementary apparatus.
In order that this principle may be clearly understood, I will describe its application
to the production of steam in generators of different classes.
In the first case the burners are simply placed in the middle of the liquid to be
vaporized contained in an ordinary boiler. In the second case the liquid to be
vaporized circulates around the burners, which themselves form the generator.
First case. Ordinary generator. In the accompanying drawing, Figure 1 represents
the arrangement of a series of burners, and Figure 2 a generator provided with this
system.
Each burner is formed of a tube B, trumpet shaped at its entrance, and contracted.
at the exit in such manner that, being arranged in succession one with another
without touching, as represented at Figure 1, they form a flue for the passage.
of the flame, cut from distance to distance by annular orifices, thus forming so many
injector mouth pieces, by which is effected the aspiration of the air necessary for the
intense and complete combustion of the gaseous jet.
The flame is furnished by a gasefying or pulverizing projector or injector
apparatus of any suitable system, indicated at C. I prefer an apparatus giving a circular
flame, in order to conform to the cylindrical form of the burners B, but fish tail or flat
flames might also be used, by giving a flattened form to the burners. The number of
burners composing a series will depend upon the nature and the intensity of the
combustible jet, so as to obtain in every case a complete combustion.
In applying these burners to an ordinary boiler, as in Figure 2, they would be fixed
in sheet metal chambers D D communicating with the boiler, the water from which
would thus surround the body of the burners; the spaces EE which separate these
chambers correspond to the annular orifices of the air supply, and communicate by
both their extremities either with the surrounding air or with a conduit of hot or cold
air under pressure.
Each series of burners is fed by a flame producer C, and if these projectors operato
by pulverization, there can be employed for this purpose, either steam from the
generator, or air, superheated if required by their passage, through a series of heaters
reserved for this purpose.
The hot and completely burned gases which leave the burners, can be utilized in
tubes, as indicated by the drawing, or in any other manner, either in the generator
itself, or in a separate apparatus. The burners may be provided in the interior with
grooves or longitudinal wings or gills, to increase their heating surface, and on it e

page_text: exterior with wings of any suitable form to increase the surface in contact with the
water.
Second case. Circulating generator.. Figures 3 to 7 represent the arrangement of
burners employed in this case. Figure 3 shows a series of four burners formed
of four chambered blocks B B, separated by perforated washers E, E, to which they
are joined hermetically.
Each chambered block B is composed of. a double envelope, the annular space of.
which is divided, as indicated by the face view Figure 4 and section Figure 5, by
longitudinal partitions arranged in zigzag form, so as to form a serpentine, the
arrangement of which is shown at Figure 7. This figure shows the developement of
the combination of three chambered blocks following a circular plan, whose generating.
line is x, y of Figure 3.
Each washer: E is composed of two annular washers connected together by cross
bars; as shown by the section Figure 6; one of these cross bars is pierced with an.
orifice e, having for its object to effect communication between the serpentines of the
adjacent chambered blocks as seen at Figure 7. A conical mouth piece H is adjusted.
in each washer; so as to direct the air coming through the perforations of this washer
against the interior sides of the next chambered block.
The end blocks are closed at their ends with the exception of an opening f, corre-
sponding to the entrance to the first serpentine, and an opening f¹ corresponding to
the outlet of. the last serpentine.
Figure 7 clearly shows the course of the liquid to be vaporized in a burner of this
kind: This liquid enters the first serpentine at f, which it travels through, following
the direction of the arrows, then it traverses the first washer. E through the
orifice and passes in like manner through the second serpentine, and so, on, till it
reaches the last; where it escapes in the form of vapor by the orifice f¹.
;
e,
It will be understood that this circulation could be modified by, a different arrange-
ment of the partitions, in the chambered. blocks and of the orifices in the washers.
Every series of serpentine burner (Figure 3), furnished with its flame producer C
constitutes thus a complete generator, which it will be sufficient to place. in.
communication: at the inlet with the feed. pump or with a reservoir of water under
pressure, and at the outlet with the steam domie or space. As many series can. be
coupled together as will be necessary to obtain the quantity of steam required.
The hot gases which escape from, the burners will be utilized as previously, either.
in the previous heating of the circulation water, or in the heating of the air or
vapor employed in the pulverization of the combustible liquids, or in any other way.
With the object of increasing and regulating the evaporation, and above all,, of
preventing, or at least considerably diminishing, the mechanical suction of liquid
globules which have not been vaporized, I partially or entirely furnish the serpentines
above described, or any other serpentines used in generators, with iron or
metal turnings;. borings, or shavings, according to the nature of the liquid to be
vaporized.
It is evident that the above described apparatus. may be used with slight modifi-
cations. in form, for the heating, and evaporation of all liquids, as well as for the
heating of gases and for superheating, steam..
In addition this apparatus may be used in either a horizontal, vertical, or inclined
position, and the flames may be forced either upwards or downwards.
I would here remark that 1 do not confine myself to the forms and arrangements
above:described, as such may be varied without departing from. the peculiar.character
of the invention.
Dated this, 7th day of Feb 1800

page_text: COMPLETE
SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Heating Liquid and Gaseous Bodies.
I, BENJAMIN JOSEPH BARNARD MILLS of 23 Southampton Buildings in the County
of Middlesex Patent Agent do hereby declare the nature of this invention, a com-
munication to me from abroad by Adolphe Seigle-Goujon of 3 Place des Terreaux,
Lyons, in the Republic of France, Civil Engineer, and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the drawings filed with my Provisional
Specification:
The invention has for its object the intense heating without smoke of steam boilers
or similar apparatus and generally of liquid or gaseous bodies by means of special
burners arranged to obtain the integral combustion of gases, vapours, or combustible
dust.
It consists in projecting the flame arising from these combustible bodies, within a
heating passage surrounded by the liquid or gas to be heated and formed of a succession
of Bunsen burners in the interior of which the combustion is continued and completed
in such manner that nothing issues from this passage but hot incombustible and
colorless gases, the heat of which is utilized by known means in the same apparatus
or in a supplementary apparatus.
In order that this principle may be clearly understood I will describe its application
to the production of steam in generators of different classes.
In the first case the burners are simply placed in the middle of the liquid to be
vaporized contained in an ordinary boiler.
In the second case the liquid to be vaporized circulates around the burners which
themselves form the generator.
First. case. Ordinary generator.
In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 represents the arrangements of a series of
burners and Figure 2 a generator provided with this system.
Each burner is formed of a tube B trumpet shaped at its entrance and contracted
at the exit in such manner that being arranged in succession one with another
without touching as represented at Figure 1 they form a flue for the passage of the
flame, cut from distance to distance by annular orifices, thus forming so many injector
mouth pieces, by which is effected the aspiration of the air necessary for the intense
and complete combustion of the gaseous jet.
The flame is furnished by a gasefying or pulverising projector or injector apparatus
of any suitable system indicated at C. I prefer an apparatus giving a circular flame
in order to conform to the cylindrical form of the burners B but fish tail or flat flames
might also be used by giving a flattened form to the burners.
The number of burners composing a series will depend upon the nature and
the intensity of the combustible jet, so as to obtain in, every case a complete
combustion.
In applying these burners to an ordinary boiler as in Figure 2, they would be
fixed in sheet metal chambers D. D. communicating with the boiler the water from
which would thus surround the body of the burners, the spaces E. E which separate
these chambers correspond to the annular orifices of the air supply and communicate
by both their extremities either with the surrounding air or with a conduit of hot or
cold air under pressure.
·
Each series of burners is fed by a flame producer C and if these projectors operate
by pulverization, there can be employed for this purpose either steam from the
generator, or air superheated if required by their passage through a series of heaters
reserved for this purpose.
The hot and completely burned gases which leave the burners can be utilized in
tubes as indicated by the drawing or in any other manner either in the generator
itself, or in a separate apparatus.

page_text: The burners may be provided in the interior with grooves or longitudinal wings or
gills to increase their heating surface, and on the exterior with wings of any suitable
form to increase the surface in contact with the water.
Second case. Circulating generator.
Figures 3 to 7 represent the arrangement of burners employed in this case.
Figure 3 shows a series of 4 burners formed of 4 chambered blocks B. B. separated
by perforated washers E E to which they are joined hermetically.
>
Each chambered block B is composed of a double envelope, the annular space of
which is divided; as indicated by the face view Figure 4 and section. Figure 5
by longitudinal partitions arranged in zigzag form so as to form a serpentine+the
arrangement of which is shown at Figure 7.
This Figure shows the developement of the combination of three chambered
blocks following a circular plane, whose generating line is x, y. of Figure 3.
Each washer E is composed of two annular washers connected together by cross
bars as shown by the section Figure 6 one of these cross bars is pierced with an
orifice e having for its object to effect communication between the serpentines of the
adjacent chambered blocks, as seen at. Fig. 7. A conical mouthpiece H is adjusted
in each washer so as to direct the air coming through the perforations of this washer
against the interior sides of the next chambered block.
The end blocks are closed at their ends with the exception of an opening f
corresponding to the entrance to the first serpentine and an opening f¹ corresponding
to the outlet of the last serpentine.
Figure 7.-clearly shows the course of the liquid to be vaporized in a burner of this
kind. This liquid enters the first serpentine at f which it travels through, following
the direction of the arrows, then it traverses the first washer E through the
orifice e, and passes in like manner through the second serpentine and so on till it
reaches the last where it escapes in the form of vapour by the orifice f. It will be
be understood that the circulation could be modified by a different arrangement
of the partitions in the chambered blocks and of the orifices in the washers.
Every series of serpentine burner (Figure 3) furnished with its flame producer C,
constitutes thus a complete generator which it will be sufficient to place in communica-
tion at the inlet with the feed pump or with a reservoir of water under pressure and at
the out-let with the steam dome or space.
As many series can be coupled together as will be necessary to obtain the quantity
of steam required.
The hot gases which escape from the burners will be utilized as previously either in
the previous heating of the circulation water, or in the heating of the air or vapour
employed in the pulverization of the combustible liquids, or in any other way.
With the object of increasing and regulating the evaporation and above all of
preventing or at least considerably diminishing the mechanical suction of liquid
globules which have not been vaporized I partially or entirely furnish the serpentines
above described or any other serpentines used in generators with iron or metal
turnings borings or shavings according to the nature of the liquid to be vaporized.
It is evident that the above described apparatus may be used with slight
modifications in form, for the heating and evaporation of all liquids as well as for
the heating of gases and for superheating steam.
In addition this apparatus may be used in either a horizontal vertical or inclined
position and the flames may be forced either upwards or downwards.
I would: here remark that. I do not confine myself to the forms and arrangements
above described as such may be varied without departing from the peculiar character
-of-the invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be 'performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
. 1. An arrangement of burner applicable to the complete combustion. of gases,
vapours, or combustible dust and consisting of a heating, passage traversed by the

page_text: enflamed jet, and divided into several sections between which the air is capable of
arriving in sufficient quantity. Each of these sections having its outlet orifice
smaller than the inlet orifice of the following section, and placed in relation with
it at a point determined by the relative dimensions of the orifices considered and
the volume and speed of the jet so as to obtain at each interval a constant draft
either natural or under pressure, of air necessary to maintain the combustion without
smoke, in the course of the section which follows such interval.
2. The application of these burners to ordinary steam generators Figure 2, by
uniting them by sheet iron compartments communicating with the water of the
boiler and separated by intervals permitting the arrival of the air.
3. The combination of these burners with longitudinal serpentines Figure 3. for
the heating or evaporation of liquid or gaseous bodies circulating in this serpentine.
4. The introduction of metallic borings turnings or shavings into the above
mentioned serpentine or other generator serpentine to assist the complete evaporation
of the liquids.
Dated November 5th 1890.
B. J. B. MILLS.
By Harris & Mills,
23, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents.