matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN LASTS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William March at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
January 1868.
I, WILLIAM MARCH, junior, of the Town and County of Leicester,
Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LASTS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of metal
lasts used for rivetting the soles of boots and shoes, and consists in
casting the last in two parts and hollow, by which means the weight
thereof is much reduced, and it also consists in the manner of fitting
and connecting the two parts together when so made.
In carrying out my Invention I first cast the upper or instep portion
of the last from a hollow pattern provided with dovetailed recesses at
either end. This casting is then filled with sand, and upon it is fitted
the pattern of the sole piece, the hollow part of which pattern has been
previously filled with sand; the whole is placed in an inverted position
in the mould and the pattern removed, leaving the sand contained
deposited upon that of the inverted casting, after which the metal is
poured in for casting the sole piece; the metal fills the dovetailed
recesses provided in the instep piece as above mentioned, formning

page_text: projections for connecting the two parts of the last together, and by
this means the use of separate cores or chills for casting the dovetailed
projections is obviated.
My Invention further consists in the mode of connecting the two
parts of the last, and mounting the same when in use. For this
purpose I employ a standard to be suitably secured to the bench or
table, which standard is provided at its upper end with a pin on which
fit the two parts of the last, a hole being left for the purpose in each
when casting the same. This pin projects above a horizontal disc
mounted on the upper end of the standard and provided with dovetailed
recesses around its periphery, into which fits a corresponding projection
formed on the instep piece of the last. By this means the last may be
readily fixed to the standard at any angle to the operator desired by
simply shifting the projection in the last from one recess to another in
the disc.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF SUPERPHOSPHATE OF LIME
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Simpson Samuell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th November 1868.
I, EDWARD SIMPSON SAMUELL, of Liverpool, in the County of Lan-
caster, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF SUPERPHOSPHATE OF LIME," to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is to utilize those phosphatic mineral
deposits recently discovered in the silurian strata of this country by
manufacturing them into superphosphates suitable for agricultural uses.
For this purpose I first reduce the phosphatic mineral to a fine state of
division or powder and then treat it with (a.) sulphuric acid and muriatic
acid, or (b.) sulphuric acid and chloride of sodium.
In operating on a ton of mineral containing about 50% of phosphate
of lime by the first process I add about 6 cwt. of sulphuric acid of 144°
Twaddell, and about 5 cwt. of muriatic acid of 30° Twaddell; and by the
second process I apply to the same quantity and quality of mineral

page_text: deposit about 5 cwt. of chloride of sodium and about 8 cwt. of sulphuric
acid. When the material treated as described has been allowed to lay a
short time a light dry mass of superphosphate fit for agricultural uses
results.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WASHING AND DRYING GRAIN
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walkden Thompson and Thomas
Stather at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 21st February 1868.
We, WALKDEN THOMPSON and THOMAS STATHER, of the Borough of
Kingston-upon-Hull, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WASHING AND DRYING GRAIN,"
to be as follows:-
For the purpose of washing wheat and other grain we construct a circular
casing or drum in which four or other suitable number of radial arms are
caused to revolve by any convenient gearing. The grain to be washed is
fed into the casing in a continuous and regulated manner or otherwise,
and a stream of water is also supplied to the casing. The revolutions of
the arms keep the water and grain in a state of agitation whereby the
grain is washed. The grain is delivered from the circular casing into
an iron trough containing an endless screw, and supplied with water
to drench the grain. From this trough the grain is lifted by clevators
to any height required, and delivered into a dryer. The elevators are
perforated or otherwise constructed to allow the water to drain. The
dyer is supplied with steam at a high pressure, so that the grain is made

page_text: hot; the elevators deliver the grain in a continuous manner among the
steam; the grain next pasees into and through another compartment
surrounded by a steam jacket containing an endless screw, and after-
wards into and through another compartment which is perforated for the
purpose of cooling the grain.
The characteristic features of our Invention are the employment of
revolving arms in a casing for facilitating the washing of the grain, and
the employment of steam as described for drying the grain.
IMPROVEMENTS IN POCKETS OR PURSES FORMED OR PLACED IN GLOVES, AND IN THE MODE OF SECURING RAILWAY TICKETS, MONEY, OR OTHER CONTENTS DEPOSITED THEREIN FOR SAPE KEEPING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Pidding at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th March 1868.
I, WILLIAM PIDDING, of Brunswick Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN POCKETS OR PURSES FORMED OR PLACED IN
GLOVES, AND IN THE MODE OF SECURING RAILWAY TICKETS, MONEY, OR OTHER
CONTENTS DEPOSITED THEREIN FOR SAPE KEEPING," to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists in placing or forming pockets or purses into
the interior or on to the exterior of gloves, where when in use they come
in contact or nearly in contact with the palms and wrists of the wearer's
hands, and securing the contents which may have been deposited for safe
custody in the said pockets or purses by means of elastic cords or bands
fastened to the top surfaces of such pockets or purses at the entrance to
them, and placing and fastening other elastic bands to the gloves, to be
so placed that they shall cover and overlap the elastic bands or cords
fastened, as herein-before described, to the top surfaces of the pockets or

page_text: purses at the entrance to them. A portion of the gloves may form one
side of the pockets or purses, and the other side can be made of any
appropriate material, and be sewn, stitched, or woven thereto at the
bottom and two sides; or if rounded, at the external edges thereof,
leaving the top or wrist portion open.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING BOOTS AND. SHOES, AND IN THE APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th June
1868.
I, GEORGE SMITH, of Upper Thames Street, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING BOOTS AND. SHOES, AND IN THE APPARATUS TO BE
EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the ventilation of boots and shoes,
and consists in inserting in the heel of the boot or shoe immediately
beneath the upper leather a thin plate or layer of brass, vulcanite, or
other suitable metal or material, having a hole formed therein for the.
reception of the upper end of a tube which passes. downwards through
and is closed at its lower extremity by the leather of the heel.. This
vertical tube is provided at its upper end and immediately under the
surface of the horizontal plate with a pair of branch tubes. which have
their outlet under the upper leather, and at its lower end with another
liorizontal tube which protrudes from the front of the heel and com-
municates with the atmosphere. Through this lower tube the air enters
and passes up through the vertical tube, and thus fresh air is supplied.

page_text: to the interior of the boot or shoe under the upper leather, both
through the orifice of the vertical tube and the pair of branch tubes,
and the boot or shoe is perfectly ventilated and the foot of the wearer
maintained agreeably cool. In some cases the upper horizontal branch
tubes may be continued and caused to traverse or circulate the whole
or nearly the whole length of the sole and terminate in an orifice
situate at the toe end of the boot or shoe in order to effect the
ventilation uniformly of the whole surface of the foot.
Many modifications may be made in carrying the Invention into
practice, as for instance, in place of a pair of branch tubes one tube
might be employed, and in place of the plate any other arrangement
for holding the tubes in position may be employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GLASS FURNACES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Little at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th October
1868.
I, JOHN LITTLE, of the Firm of Stevenson and Little, of Glasgow, in
the County of Lanark, North Britain, Glass Bottle Manufacturers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
GLASS FURNACES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object to economise the fuel employed for
heating glass furnaces, and it consists in introducing air inside the
furnace for the thorough combustion of the fuel and its gaseous products,
such air being previously heated by passing through flues constructed
in the siege or floor and sides of the furnace, and which flues are heated
simply by conduction through the siege or floor and sides from the furnace
itself. One glass furnace may be provided with any convenient number
of separate air flues. Each air flue is arranged in a serpentine or zig-zag
course beneath a portion of the siege or floor on which the melting pots
stand, and is then carried up close to the side of the furnace or melting
chamber to a level above the tops of the pots, and at about the springing

page_text: of the arched roof; and at that level the air is admitted from the flue
into the chamber through a number of small apertures in the side wall.
The inlet for the air into the flue is by preference arranged outside of
the building so as to be easily accessible for the adjustment of a damper
or other appliance for regulating the supply of air.
Iи- PROVEMENTS IN THAT CLASS OF MACHINERY KNOWN AS 'CONE DRAWING' EMPLOYED IN DRAWING OR PREPARING WooL
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Moorhouse at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
January 1868.
I, JOSEPH MOORHOUSE, of Wakefield, in the County of York, Worsted
Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iи-
PROVEMENTS IN THAT CLASS OF MACHINERY KNOWN AS 'CONE DRAWING' EMPLOYED
IN DRAWING OR PREPARING WooL," to be as follows:-
Heretofore such machinery has been made with gills or fallers, which
were employed to comb or gill the wool in its passage through the
machine from the back to the front drawing rollers. Now I find that
by dispensing with these gills or fallers, and placing the back and front
drawing rollers nearer together, much better drawing is effected on the
wool and a greater quantity produced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM APPLICABLE TO LOCOMOTION
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Pidding at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
December 1868.
I, WILLIAM PIDDING, of Walcot Square, in the County of Surrey,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM APPLICABLE TO LOCOMOTION," to be as
follows:-
My said improvements are in portable rails for the wheels of vehicles
to run on (also in other mechanism herein-after explained), and consist
in placing and affixing in naives equidistant bow-shaped double spokes
with their hollows facing each other connected together at their extreme
ends. Projecting from the ends of such spokes, alternately of different
lengths and at right angles with them, are to be placed and fixed bolts
or studs for the purpose of their being made to pass through sideways
and to partially rotate between the centres of rails placed in parallel
lines and almost in close contact at their ends. The disconnected rails
are to be secured at their ends in pairs by elastic bands or fastenings
to allow of their movement when progressing and turning on to the
fect or chairs described in my Specification of Patent No. 14,036 dated,

page_text: 24th March 1852. The naives in connection with the portable rails
herein-before described are to be placed on axles affixed to the vehicle
immediately over their ordinary wheels, and in such manner as to
encircle them in such manner that the rotating surfaces of such wheels
shall always be in contact with one of the parallel lines of the dis-
connected rails.
The object of forming the spokes bow-shaped as herein-before described
is that by means of their elasticity. they will allow of the action of the
springs of the vehicle. I also place and fix into naives spokes
equidistant, to strengthen which I connect them together with strong
wires or suitable stays fixed where suitable and requisite. The axles
of the naives are to be firmly fixed to them and to be placed and
fixed on to vehicles, so that the axle works freely and works or rotates
in a slot or channel placed under the springs when used, so formed
as to allow of free motion perpendicularly, and which will be regulated
by means of projections in them of such form as when pressed against
fixed rollers placed immediately over the axles and also under the
springs when used the vehicle shall always be parallel with the road
traversed. The ends of the spokes herein-before described are to or may
be joined or fixed in what I call anti-resistance or yielding sockets, and
may rest on and be attached to with elastic bands the feet or chairs;
as described in my Specification of my Patent No. 14,036, dated
24th March 1852.
In my complete, Specification I shall exemplify my Invention by
means of diagrams,
THE BETTER, MORE SECURELY, AND QUICKLY PACKING BOTTLES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, SUCH INVENTION IS ADAPTABLE TO BOXES, CASES, AND REFRIGERATORS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Dixon and Frederick
Dixon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 11th November 1868.
We, EDWARD DIXON and FREDERICK DIXON, both of 39, Clipstone
Street, St. Marylebone, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanics, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE BETTER,
MORE SECURELY, AND QUICKLY PACKING BOTTLES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, SUCH
INVENTION IS ADAPTABLE TO BOXES, CASES, AND REFRIGERATORS," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is for the better, more securely, and
quickly packing bottles of every description, such Invention being
adaptable to boxes, cases, and refrigerators, and consists in an arrange-
ment of springs and guides of metal and india-rubber or other flexible
substances, which are made to form compartments in number and size
according to requirements, and at the bottom of each compartment
there is an elastic frame, grating, or spring substance which secures the
neck of the bottle, and the sides or guides hold the bottle in an erect
position and so firmly that no jarring can shift the bottle.

page_text: In the adaptation of this Invention to cases, boxes, or refrigerators
the bottles may be inserted neck downwards or bottom downwards, or
horizontally as most convenient.
The advantage will thus be seen to consist of an elastic compartment
at either the bottom, top, or sides to receive the neck of the bottle,
while an elastic frame holds the sides, thereby saving time in packing
and protection in conveyance of bottles or other fragile substances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANICAL TIMEKEEPERS FOR RECORDING THE TIME WHEN WORKMEN COME TO OR LEAVE THEIR EMPLOYMENT
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Jellicorse Ledward at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 25th September 1868.
I, WILLIAM JELLICORSE LEDWARD, of Middlesborough, in the County
of York, Accountant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANICAL TIMEKEEPERS FOR RECORDING THE TIME
WHEN WORKMEN COME TO OR LEAVE THEIR EMPLOYMENT," to be as follows:-
This Invention has mainly for its object to record the time when
workmen come to or leave their employment. For this purpose I employ
a till to receive the tallies of the workmen; these tallies are dropped
through the slit or mouth of the till into a series of drawers or boxes
ranged vertically one above the other; each of the drawers or boxes,
with the exception of the lowest one, is carried on slides or guides, so
that it can be instantaneously slid forward, and so brought under the
end of the mouth or shoot of the till. The upper drawers or boxes are
all first drawn back and retained from covering over the lowest box or
drawer, and whilst these boxes are thus held back any tallies dropped
through the slit or mouth of the till drop into the lowest box; after this
box has remained uncovered for any desired length of time the box

page_text: above it is caused to shoot forward instantaneously to cover over the
bottom box, and then any tallies dropped into the till will be received
into the box so shot forward, until this box is itself covered over by
another box being similarly shot forward to cover it, and so on until all
the boxes have been thus moved forwards. The movement of each of the
boxes is controlled by a pin or stop carried by a lever engaging with a
catch carried by the box; the lever is constantly acted on by a spring
to press it backwards, but is retained from thus being pressed back by a
pallet at the back of the lever resting against a disc carried by a spindle,
which is caused to revolve slowly by clockwork, the spindle being caused
to revolve by preference onee every 24 hours. A notch is cut in the disc
at one part of its circumference, and when by the rotation of the spindle
the notch in the disc is brought round opposite the back end of the
pallet the pallet is pressed back by its spring and the drawer is thus set
free, and is immediately drawn forward by a spiral spring which is
always acting upon it. The discs which govern the movement of the
several boxes are all carried by the same spindle. If the apparatus is
made with four moveable boxes they might conveniently be arranged to
move forward in succession every half hour, but they might be arranged
to move forward after any other suitable interval of time; the apparatus
may also be set so that the box which is first to move forward shall do
80 at any hour desired. The clockwork which gives motion to the
spindle of the apparatus is by preference placed above the till, and is
formed with a face or dial to indicate the time as with an ordinary
clock.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STAYS OR CORSETS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Richardson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
April 1868.
I, EDWARD RICHARDSON, of 26, Castle Street, Falcon Square, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STAYS OR CORSETS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in stays or corsets.
In the manufacture of stays or corsets it is very desirable that a readily
permeable fabric should be used so that the necessary support may be
given without confining the moisture which naturally exudes from the
skin. I according to my Invention employ in the manufacture of stays
and corsets an open fabric made by weaving horsehair. I do not
however use this material alone in the manufacture, for being of a harsh
and brittle nature it is ill adapted for covering the bones or stiffeners
of the stay or corset; I therefore make the sheaths for the bones or
stiffeners of a cotton, or it might be of a linen, or woollen, or silken
fabric, and I combine the same the one to the other with gores or

page_text: shaped pieces of horsehair fabric; in this way any desired amount of
support may be given to the person of the wearer, whilst at the same
time the heat and moisture of the body is able to pass away as freely as
if no such garment were worn.
IMPROVEMENTS PRESSURE OR STEAM GAUGES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Silvester at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
October 1868.
I, JOHN SILVESTER, of the Firm of George Salter and Company, of
West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
PRESSURE OR STEAM GAUGES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to pressure or steam gauges in which the
pressure is measured by means of a flat tube closed at both ends and
bent into a circular or nearly circular figure. The steam or other
gaseous matter introduced into the said tube tends by its pressure to
separate the ends of the tube, the extent to which the ends of the tube
separate being indicated by an index finger upon a graduated dial.
Pressure or steam gauges of this kind are commonly called Bourdon's
gauges.
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
connecting the index finger to the ends of the tube, whereby great
simplicity in transmitting the motion of the ends of the tube to the
index finger is secured. On each end of the tube I fix an arm, the said

page_text: arms being of such a length that when the tube is in its normal position
they overlap each other. A screw pin, constituting the axis of the index
finger, passes through the bush of the said finger and takes into one of the
On the under side of the said bush is a slot in the direction of a
radius from the centre on which the index finger turns, and in this slot
a pin on the end of the other arm engages. When by the pressure of
steam or air within the tube its ends are separated the centre of the
bush of the index finger is carried in one direction and the pin engaging
in the before-mentioned slot in the bush moves in the opposite direction.
A rotatory motion is thereby produced in the said bush, and the index
finger made to traverse the graduated scale and indicate the pressure of
the steam or air.
By making the centre on which the index finger turns fixed and
employing the slot and pin engaging therein described a similar result
will follow, excepting that the index finger will only move through one-
half the range under any given pressure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bashley Britten at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
March 1868.
I, BASHLEY BRITTEN, of Red Hill, in the County of Surrey,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE," to be as follows:-
I reduce certain carboniferous mineral substances, namely, coal,
anthracite, lignite, or coal or coke cinders to an extremely fine or
impalpable powder by grinding or other suitable means, employing
when desirable water or heat to assist the operation. This pulverised
carbonaceous matter may be used as a dressing for land, either by itself
or mixed with lime, guano, nitrate of soda, bone dust, or any other of
the manures in ordinary use, employing such mixtures as may be
adapted to the nature of different soils. This pulverised carboniferous
material when distributed in heavy land renders it more porous and
absorbent, and the minute subdivision of the particles of carbonaceous
matter facilitates its decomposition, and so furnishes the soil with
carbon and other fertilising agents contained in it.
AN IMPROVED PILE-DRIVING ENGINE WITH MODIFIABLE LENGTH OF STROKE OF THE RAM, APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Paulus at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd March 1868.
I, HENRY PAULUS, of No. 60, Boulevart de Strasbourg, Paris, in the
Empire of France, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PILE-DRIVING ENGINE WITH MODIFIABLE
LENGTH OF STROKE OF THE RAM, APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES," to be
as follows:-
The improved pile-driving engine or rammer of my Invention works
without any loss of time for bringing down the catching hook, which
usually carries up the ram or monkey. I altogether do away with such
hook and carry up the ram by an endless chain, each link of which is
capable of catching the point of a shaped sliding bolt suitably
arranged for that purpose on the top of the ram directly the said ram
has given its stroke. The ram slides up and down between two lofty
uprights; when it is carried up by the chain the point of the
bolt
is engaged in a link, and the head of said bolt provided with friction
rollers runs against a sheet iron plate fitted betwixt the uprights. A
transverse aperture is cut through the sheet iron plate towards the

page_text: top and the rollers of the bolt driven by a helical spring entering the
said aperture the bolt escapes the chain and the ram falls. Towards the
lower part of the sheet iron plate and outside of said plate there is an
inclined plate which forces back the rollers of the bolt into a transverse
aperture cut through the sheet iron plate at the very moment of the
stroke of the ram upon the pile, and at the same moment also the point
of the sliding bolt enters a link of the chain which carries it up again.
In order that the sliding bolt of the ram may be caught by the chain
as the stroke takes place the incline must be a little above the head
of the pile, but as the latter sinks down at each stroke I contrive to
have the incline move down with the pile; for that purpose I provide
the pile with a collar having a projecting rod or stem which bears
the bottom of the incline, this latter being fastened to the sheet iron
plate, and this plate being loose between the uprights where it can
slide freely down. Also, instead of a single sliding plate I have two
plates, the upper one remaining steady if required to release the ram,
or moving down to modify the stroke, or for performing other work
than pile driving, such as stamping or forging metals, cutting or
breaking ice in rivers, and other similar work, the lower plate being
raised up each time a new pile is brought to be driven down.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OR DISCHARGE OF LIQUIDS FROM TWO OR MORE VESSELS SIMULTANEOUSLY
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry John Saunders at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th October 1868.
I, HENRY JOHN SANDERS, of Brighouse, in the County of York,
Commercial Traveller, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE FLOW
OR DISCHARGE OF LIQUIDS FROM TWO OR MORE VESSELS SIMULTANEOUSLY," to be
as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to draw or obtain beer, ale, porter, or
other liquids from two or more vessels or barrels at the same time,
for the purpose of mixing them in any desirable proportions.
The improved apparatus consists of an enclosed vessel or chamber,
having two or more inlets and one outlet, to which pipes may be
attached. The inlets are each provided with a valve which is capable
of being adjusted to open, more or less according to requirement, by
means of screw, cam, or eccentric. This vessel may be formed with
separate passages from the inlets to the outlet, and by preference one

page_text: of such passages may be annular or concentric to the other, so that
when the apparatus is applied to draw stale beer from one vessel or
cask and ripe or effervescent beer from another the ripe may act as
an injector to the stale. An ordinary beer pump may be applied to
the outlet of this apparatus in the usual manner.
In- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS POR BURNING CREOSOTE AND OTHER COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Akrill at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
October 1868.
I, CHARLES AKRILL, of Abbey Road, West Ham, in the County of
Essex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS POR BURNING CREOSOTE AND OTHER COMBUSTIBLE
LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for burning
creosote and other combustible liquids. In order effectually to burn
such liquids for the heating of steam boiler and other furnaces and for
other similar purposes it is necessary to divide the liquid into a fine
spray, which being propelled forward at a sufficient velocity, and ignited,
forms a flame burning with no smoke, the combustion being perfect.
For this purpose I employ two pipes terminating in nozzles; to one of
these pipes steam is admitted, and it issues from the nozzle in the
direction in which the flame jet is desired to be thrown, usually hori-
zontally. This steam jet is made to cross the orifice in the nozzle of the
other or second pipe, which is placed in close proximity to it at its point.
of issue, and then the steam jet produces a suction from the nozzle of the

page_text: other pipe. This pipe is connected with a vessel containing the creosote
or liquid to be burnt, and this vessel I usually place below the nozzle, and
the suction draws the liquid from the pipe and causes it to issue from the
nozzle in a small stream, and this stream being struck by the steam jet
issuing at great velocity at an angle to the direction at which the liquid
fuel issues from its nozzle breaks it up into the fine spray required, and
this spray, the jets being unenclosed, disperses freely, and when it is
ignited a great body of flame results. In place of steam air under
pressure and either heated or cold may be employed. The apparatus
thus consists simply of two nozzle pipes held together near the nozzles
by a clamp, and when a steam boiler furnace is to be heated this apparatus
is introduced into the furnace above the fire-bars and just in front of
the fire-door.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATES FOR HOLDING ARTIFICIAL TEETH
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd December 1868.-A communication from abroad by Edward
Brigham Goodall, of Portsmouth, State of New Hampshire, United
States of America, Doctor, Dental Surgery.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATES FOR HOLDING
ARTIFICIAL TEETH," a communication from abroad by Edward Brighamı
Goodall, of Portsmouth, State of New Hampshire, United States of
America, Doctor, Dental Surgery, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists essentially in making the plates to which
artificial teeth are secured of an elastic or springy material and of such
shape or form that whilst adapting themselves to the form of the
mouth they will be held in their place when inserted in the mouth by
their inherent elasticity alone without the aid of clasps or suction. This
is accomplished by cutting away from plates as ordinarily made of an

page_text: elastic substance, the roof or upper part thereof having wings or
spring like arms; or by forming the plate holding the artificial teeth
of an elastic strip fitting the sinuosities of the roof of the mouth at
or near that part of the mouth which corresponds to the roots of the
teeth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PADDLE WHEELS, FOR VESSELS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd April 1868.-A communication. from abroad by Donald L.
McDonell, of Detroit, in the State of Michigan, United States of
America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PADDLE WHEELS, FOR
VESSELS," to be as follows:
In the common arrangement of the buckets or floats off paddle-wheels-
they are so placed that the face of the bucket or float stands in a radial.
line or nearly so. By this arrangement a. considerable portion of. the
power of the engine is lost in raising; water- when the buckets. liaxe.
passed a vertical line and are rising; out of the water, thus consuming;
power that does not have a propelling effect on the vessel. In order.
to overcome these difficulties: the floats-(which are flat on their faces)
are connected by one edge to the outer ends of the radial arms, and they
are inclined forward so as to meet by their other edges the next.
preceding set of arms at the junction of the same with the rims to which

page_text: they are also secured by that edge, so as to incline the face of the floats
to the arms at an angle of about forty degrees. By this arrangement
the faces of the floats when leaving the water will rise out of it at nearly
a vertical angle, whereby they are entirely freed from the water as soon
as they rise above it.
Another part of this improvement consists in strengthening the
framework of the wheels by the extension of the floats from one set
of arms to another and securing: them to both sets as above explained.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES BETWEEN DRIVERS AND GUARD
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Elland at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
February 1868.
I, DAVID ELLAND, of High Ousegate, York, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING
IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES BETWEEN DRIVERS AND GUARD," to be as follows:-
Underneath each carriage a friction wheel is fixed with tire of wood,
iron, or india-rubber to be worked by the carriage axle when needed.
In connection with the friction or No. 1 wheel No. 2 wheel is fixed
& worked by a strap or band passing over a drum fixed on the axle
of No. 1 wheel. For signalling driver and guard a rope, chain, or
strap runs along the centre and underneath the carriage in seperate
lengths, and is connected with the axle of No. 2 wheel by means of
a ring, hook, pulley, or by passing through the axle. Hooks are affixed
to the ends of each rope, chain, or strap for the purpose of adjusting
between the carriages the said rope, chain, or strap. Under the tender
a spiral spring is fixed, through which a rope, chain, rod, or elastic
band passes, and is connected with the valve of the whistle on the

page_text: engine, also to the said spiral spring, and is then coupled to the
rope, chain, or strap that passes under the carriages. A direct com-
munication is thus effected from the whistle on the engine to the last
carriage or van in the train.
For passengers signalling driver & guard.-In each compartment
of a carriage is fixed a handle for the purpose of setting in motion
the apparatus, viz., the two wheels fixed under the carriage. A wire,
chain, or rod is connected to the said handle and runs under the
carriage and is attached to a lever. The axle of No. 1 wheel passes
through the lower part or eye of the said lever, one end of the axle
being enclosed in a bush; the eye of the said lever receives both
axle and bush. By turning the said handle in any compartment the
said lever moves No. 1 wheel against the axle of the carriage,
the friction of which causes the wheels Nos. 1 & 2 to revolve, thereby
winding the said rope, chain, or strap in front and rear, at the same
time opening the valve of the whistle on the engine and ringing a bell
in the guard's van. A spring that is fixed to the said lever draws back
No. 1 wheel from the axle of the carriage wheel the moment the said
handle (that moves the wheel on the axle) is let go.
For the guard signaling the driver.-The said rope, chain, or strap
passes round a wheel in the van (at present in use). The guard by
turning the wheel immediately blows the whistle on the engine as the
rope, chain, or strap passes in a straight line under the centre of
each carriage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS, AND IN FEED WATER APPARATUS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th February 1868.-A communication from abroad by
Robert Wilde, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of
America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the "International Patent Office,"
No. 8, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS, AND IN FEED WATER
APPARATUS FOR THE SAME," a communication, to be as follows:→
The said improvements relate to the peculiar construction of steam
boilers, to the mode of effecting intercommunication between three
or more boilers when the same are arranged one above the other, and
to the method of supplying the said boilers with water.
IMPROVED. APPARATUS; FOR. BURNING HYDROCARBONS FOR HEATING. PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,. on
the 2nd March 1868.-A communication from abroad by Charles
Lawrence Perkins, of the City and State of. New York, United.
States of America..
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON;. of the Office för Patents, 66,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED. APPARATUS;
FOR. BURNING HYDROCARBONS FOR HEATING. PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The essential feature of this Invention. consists in supplying all or
part of the air for combustion of the oil by blowing the air through the
body of the liquid. into a combustion chamber.. This chamber may be
arranged immediately above the surface of the oil and beneath the
boiler or other object to be heated, and provided with a small chimney or
exit flue for the smoke. These objects are accomplished by forcing air
or air mingled with steam through the oil. This can be accomplished
by means of a. blower or by forming a partial. vacuum inside the.

page_text: furnace or smoke stack so as to draw or drive the air through apertures
into a chamber below the oil through which it bubbles up and vaporizes
the oil which is then burnt below the boiler and consequently heats the
same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COILING OR REVOLVING SHUTTERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Herbert Hazard' at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th March 1868...
I, HENRY HERBERT HAZARD, of 455, New Cross Road, Deptford, in
the County of Kent, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COILING OR REVOLVING SHUTTERS,"
to be as follows:-
Coiling or revolving shutters have been made and used for closing.
shop fronts, windows, and other openings. These shutters are made
to revolve or coil up, and are formed of laths or strips of wood, iron,.
and steel either fixed to joints or otherwise, and are sometimes made
moveable on joints or other connections, and in all cases they have been
made quite close,, so that light and air cannot penetrate, at least to any
very great degree.
Now my Invention consists of an open shutter in the form of a
grating made of bars of metal or wood, the ends of which bars are
furnished with joint pieces to enable me to rivet or screw them together,
which form of shutter or grating from having the joint pieces before
named can be rolled up into a coil or round a roller or cylinder, and

page_text: when fixed to a shop front or other opening which it is desired to protect
may be wound up or coiled by gear consisting of worm and wheel, or
by bevil, mitre, or spur wheels, or by any form of power usually used
for the revolving shutters now in use or by springs. The said bars
before named may be straight, curved, or of any shape suitable for
forming this peculiar kind of shutter provided they have the necessary
joints to enable them to coil or roll up; thus a shutter of plain bars may
be made, or a grating of any geometrical or ornamental form.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF OR MEANS FOR PREVENTING THE MOUSTACHE FROM DIPPING INTO SOUP WHEN EATING IT FROM A SPOON
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Geary at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
April 1868.
I, ALFRED GEARY, of 16, Horfield Road, Bristol, Ironmonger, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
METHOD OF OR MEANS FOR PREVENTING THE MOUSTACHE FROM DIPPING INTO
SOUP WHEN EATING IT FROM A SPOON," to be as follows:-
A flat bar of or ths of an inch in breadth is placed on an ordinary
dessert spoon, and is fastened to the spoon by two clips at either end.
When eating soup the bar by pressing the moustache back prevents
it falling into the soup; it occasions no inconvenience in use, as it
does not in any way impede the soup flowing through the spoon.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE TANNING OF SKINS OR HIDES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Joseph Berry King at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 9th January 1868.
I, CHARLES JOSEPH BERRY KING, of Great Portland Street, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE TANNING OF SKINS OR
HIDES," to be as follows (that is to say).
My Invention has reference to a method of removing the hair from
skins or hides more effectually than by the employment of lime water
or otherwise as at present, whereby the bad effects from the astringent
corrosive action of the same is obviated, and the skin rendered more
supple, readily tanned and converted into leather, and consists in
employing for the above purpose blood applied to the said skins or
hides at its stage of separation from the serum through the medium
of a brush or otherwise, the effect of which renders the skins fitted
for immersion in the tan pit in from three to five days (according to
temperature) and converts it into leather of greater weight, at the same
time enabling the hair to be removed from the surface by the application
of a lath or even a wet rag, leaving the skin bald, and preserving the

page_text: natural length of the hair, which when whashed may be rendered
available for commercial or other purposes. The rationale of the action
of the blood upon the said skins or hides may be stated to be its more
rapid decomposition than the tissues.
In like manner to the above dried or salted hides may be brought 5
back to the green state by soaking them in stagnant water rendered
putrid by blood.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING THE HANDLES OF TEA POTS, COFFEE POTS, OR OTHER VESSELS INTENDED TO CONTAIN HEATED LIQUIDS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Fisher at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th April
1868.
I, HENRY FISHER, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CONSTRUCTING THE HANDLES OF TEA POTS, COFFEE POTS, OR OTHER VESSELS
INTENDED TO CONTAIN HEATED LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a mode of inserting a non-conductor or
non-conductors of wood or other suitable material in the handles of
vessels intended to contain heated liquids, such as tea pots, coffee
pots, kettles, hot-water jugs, and so forth, such non-conductor being
inserted in such a manner as to prevent the heat from passing
from the socked (by which the handle is attached to the vessel) to
the handle itself, at the same time that it secures the handle to the
socket without the use of pins.
I first prepare a plug of wood (or other suitable non-conducting
material) of a double conical barrel shape, and I form two annular
grooves round the circumference thereof at or near the centre of its
length and a slight distance apart, and round or on each end of the

page_text: said plug I fix two rings of metal having flanges which fit into the
annular grooves, so that the said metal rings are thereby firmly fixed
on to the plug, their inner edges being the same distance apart as
the two grooves or thereabouts..
In attaching the handle to the vessel I first solder the plug into
the socket by means of one metal ring, and I then solder the handle
on to the other metal ring, previously placing a narrow ring of ivory
over the plug, so as to cover the joint and fill up the narrow annular
space between the socket and the handle. This narrow ring of ivory
or other non-conducting material is provided on one side with an annular
lip or projection which fits into a similar groove made in the face
of the socket, and at the same time that it improves the finish of
the article, it also increases the efficiency of the non-conductor.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PACKING AND STORING ICE, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Carnegie Kirk at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd September 1868.-A communication from abroad by John Kyle,
residing at Foochow, China.
I, ALEXANDER CARNEGIE KIRK, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PACKING AND STORING ICE, AND IN APPARATUS
THEREFOR," which Invention has been communicated to me from abroad
by John Kyle, residing at Foochow, China, to be as follows, that is
to say:―
This Invention has for its object the packing or storing of ice in such
a manner as to occupy small space and present very little surface for
waste, and it consists in compressing a number of separate pieces of the
ice together into a solid block by means of hydraulic or other suitable
pressing apparatus, such compression rendering the ice solid and com-
pact. The ice is to be compressed in moulds into blocks of any suitable
form, which blocks may then be very conveniently arranged in ice houses
or ice boxes. The compressing apparatus may be constructed in various

page_text: ways; but in one convenient modification an ordinary three-pillar
hydraulic press is fitted with a pair of moulds, which are arranged to
swing round (as well as slide up and down) on one of the pillars, so that
when one of the moulds is resting on the platen or table of the ram the
other is turned out for the purpose of discharging the block of ice pre-
viously compressed in it. Each mould is open at both the top and bottom,
and consists of a strong casing having its interior shaped prismatically,
and by preference with a slight taper, being narrower at the top. The
mould is raised by the action of the press, and the pressure is resisted
by a plate entering the top of the mould and held by a cylinder fixed to
the press head. This cylinder is made hollow and hopper-shaped at
the top for receiving the broken ice for filling the mould, the plate at
the bottom being turned aside when filling. After compressing a block
of ice the ram is lowered, the moulds are swung round, and whilst a
fresh block is undergoing compression in the one then turned in that in
the one turned out is discharged.