matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN CIGARS, CHEROOTS, AND CIGARETTES, AND IN THEIR MANU- FACTURE, AND THE MANUFACTURING APPARATUS EMPLOYED
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Richardson Fanshawe
and Matthew Bird at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 2nd May 1872.
We, HENRY RICHARDSON FANSHAWE and MATTHEW BIRD, both of
No. 6, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the County of Middlesex,
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CIGARS, CHEROOTS, AND CIGARETTES, AND IN THEIR MANU-
FACTURE, AND THE MANUFACTURING APPARATUS EMPLOYED,” to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of cigars, cheroots, and
cigarettes in such manner that a continuous and steady draught
may at all times' be maintained with ease and comfort by the smoker,
proper draught passages being provided for the unimpeded flow of the
smoke to the mouth, thus entirely preventing the necessity of the hard
sucking action so painful and yet so often required.
I. This Invention consists in entering into a brass or other metal stud
or boss two, three or more wires of the length which it is desired the
cigar, cheroot, or cigarette should be. The stud or boss is provided
externally with a screw or spiral thread, and the whole- is entered into

page_text: a tubular case, such case being also internally of the form of the cigar,
cheroot, or cigarette to be made. This case or mould is then filled with
tobacco, care being taken to press it carefully between and around the
wires. The tobacco thus moulded is, if necessary, then dried, and the
stud with wires being withdrawn therefrom forms the core around which 5
the finishing leaf or leaves are placed.
II. Sometimes instead of filling the tobacco into the moulds whilo ·
the screwed stud with wires is within the mould, the tobacco is filled
into the mould, and when moulded to the desired form, the core thus
produced is perforated with wire so as to produce the same effect as by 1
the plan first mentioned, and the outer or finishing leaves are afterwards
placed around. When the draught passages are thus produced the wire
perforators may if found advantageous be spiral.
The cigars and cheroots thus produced may be finished by being
placed in moulds and submitted to what is termed the finishing pressure. 1
After being left in the moulds a certain time to become hard and
set, they are removed from the moulds and the wire perforators or
spirals are then withdrawn.
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A NEW AND IMPROVED SELF-SUPPLYING RESERVOIR PEN CAP
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Gold at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th October 1872.
I, WILLIAM HENRY GOLD, of No. 44, Knowle Road, Brixton, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW AND IMPROVED SELF-SUPPLYING RESERVOIR PEN CAP," to be as
follows:-
k
The advantages of this cap are,-1st, that it adaptable to almost
any pen; 2ndly, that if only a small amount of writing be required
the cap can be slidden back from the point of the pen, thus enabling the
pen to be used alone.
This Invention consists of constructing a means whereby ink or other
writing fluid is supplied by a self-acting method to a pen of ordinary
size fitted into a penholder in the following manner :-Above the pen
is placed a piece of metal of a somewhat similar shape, but of a more
concave form, which piece of metal is attached at one end to a barrel in
such a manner that it is raised above the level of the said barrel which

page_text: slides over that of the penholder, the other end which is pointed like a
pen gradually inclines towards the point of the pen, but leaves a clear
space between it and the pen to allow of the free action of the latter.
The barrel is prevented from turning round that of the penholder by
means of a groove which is formed by one of the ends of the metal
which forms the barrel of the penholder (in the direction of its length)
being turned or folded back. By sliding this cap back so that the point
of it is about th or th of an inch from that of the pen, and dipping
it into the ink, a very large quantity of ink will be retained by capillary
attraction between the upper side of the pen and the under side of the
cap. The slight pressure caused by down strokes in writing will cause
the pen to come in contact with the cap and by this means the ink will
flow to the pen's point.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANSING WATERCLOSETS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Chandler, senior, Samuel
Chandler, junior, and Joseph Chandler at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 27th April 1872.
We, SAMUEL CHANDLER, senior, SAMUEL CHANDLER, junior, and
JOSEPH CHANDLER, of Southwark, in the County of Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR CLEANSING WATERCLOSETS," to be as follows: :―
The object of this Invention is to provide means for enabling the
watercloset to be cleansed without requiring any attention of the person
using it, and also for preventing an excessive use of water.
Below a hinged seat outside the pan I fix a cylinder having in it an
upper and lower valve attached to a spindle, the upper end of which
spindle is in contact with the under side of the seat, the lower valve
communicating with the water supply and the upper valve with the pan,
and between the two valves there is a pipe leading to a reservoir or vessel
capable of holding a certain quantity of water and having an air valve at
the top.

page_text: When the closet is not in use the seat is in its highest position, the
upper valve being opened and the lower valve closed by a spring, so that
no' water can enter from the supply cistern, but when the closet is used
the seat and valves are depressed, the upper valve resting on its seating
and the lower valve opened to allow water from the supply cistern to fill i
the reservoir or vessel and close the air valve at the top, and when the
pressure is removed from the seat the spindle and valves by means of
the spring resume their former positions, the lower one being closed to
shut off the supply, and the upper one open to allow the contents of the
reservoir or vessel to be discharged into the pan and thereby cleanse it,
the lower valve being closed until the closet is again used.
•
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR SMELTING, REFINING, AND PUDDLING IRON OR OTHER METALS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Defty at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd July
1872.
་
I, HENRY DEFTY, of Middlesborough-on-Tees, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FURNACES FOR SMELTING, REFINING, AND PUDDLING IRON OR OTHER METALS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved arrangement and construction
of furnace to be employed for smelting, refining, and puddling iron or
other metals.
The furnace (the complete arrangement of which I propose to
designate "Defty's Trunk Refinery and Puddling Furnace") is con-
structed or provided with an inclined revolving chamber lined inside
with grooved fire-bricks of a segmental shape, and formed of a pulverous
mixture of iron turnings, cinder slag, fire-clay, and blacklead, and which
at intervals is encircled by cast-iron clips, which serve as rails, and bear
upon pulleys placed on an inclined shaft which receives rotary motion
by steam power, the chamber receiving motion therefrom by the friction

page_text: or adhesion between the clips and pulleys caused by the weight of the
chamber. In addition to these pulleys there are others placed at the
sides and held in suitable bearings, and which serve merely to support
the chamber in position: The bricks serve to decarbonize and de-
sulphurize the iron into a malleable state as it passes' from the smelting
furnace (placed at the upper end of the chamber) down through the
chamber into an oven placed at the lower end thereof, wherein is placed
a bogie or ingot mould to receive the iron and slag as it issues from the
chamber.
The oven is placed under a common coal fire furnace, provided with a
double arched crown, with a space of about six inches between the
arches for steam, which is admitted therefrom over the fire through holes
in the lower arch. The furnace is also provided with a provisional
escape tube, and with a manganese or mine dust feeder; also with a hot
air pipe, leading from the ash hole to above the ingot mould, and with
ash hole and oven. doors. The fire-bars are tubular, and the air passes
through them before acting on the fire.
The heated gases and other products of combustion after passing from
the furnace through the chamber are utilized by a blast jet issuing
from a tuyere placed in the neck of the flue and directing the flames
into the smelting cupola, which prepares the molten metal, and which
is furnished with a steam boiler on its top, the flames being further
utilized to generate all the steam required for the apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN POLES FOR TELEGRAPHIC AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Alexander Lyttle at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd April 1872.
I, WILLIAM ALEXANDER LYTTLE, of The Grove, Hammersmith, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN POLES FOR TELEGRAPHIC AND OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
I form the poles either wholly of cast iron or of cast iron braced
longitudinally with rods, bars, or wires of wrought iron, each of such
bracings being either in one continuous piece from the top to the bottom
of the pole, or being strained to it longitudinally in any desired shorter
sections. The poles may either be of one continuous casting or of any
number of separate lengths connected by sockets, flanges, fish plates,
or any other description of joint, and the castings may be either of
ordinary brittle.metal, or or they may be rendered malleable by the usual
process for effecting that change of quality. The castings may be either
tubular or of any other desired sectional form, open or hollow, and the
lower part of the pole may be a tubular or other hollow casting, whilst

page_text: the upper portion of the pole may be of open casting, such as angle,
double T, cross, or any other form not requiring to be cored in moulding.
These poles may be provided with a screw of cast iron at the foot so
as to be erected by being screwed into the earth..
IMPROVEMENTS IN ANNEALING CAST IRON
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bradburn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
January 1872.
I, WILLIAM BRADBURN, of the Firm of "Bradburn and Co.," of
Wednesfield, near Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Manu-
facturing Chemists, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ANNEALING CAST IRON," to be as follows :-
I employ, firstly, lime either alone or mixed with haematite iron ore
or other materials used in the annealing of cast iron, and use the said
lime alone or mixed as aforesaid by imbedding in it the cast iron to be
annealed in the same way that such iron is now imbedded in the
materials used for annealing it. Heat is employed as in the present
process for annealing cast iron.
And, secondly, I use nitre or nitres mixed with the said lime or
mixture or the said haematite iron ore, or with other materials used in
the annealing of cast iron, in the proportion of about one five-hundredth
(360) part to one one-hundredth (106) part of the material with which it
is mixed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE DRAUGHT IN THE CHIMNIES OF FIRE-PLACES, STOVES, OR RANGES, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gideon Goold at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd July
1872.
I, GIDEON GOOLD, of Villa Road, Handsworth, near Birmingham, in
the County of Warwick, Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE DRAUGHT
IN THE CHIMNIES OF FIRE-PLACES, STOVES, OR RANGES, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for regulating the
draught in chimnies of fire-places, stoves, or ranges.
I construct my improved apparatus in the following manner:-At the
back of the front plate of the fire-place, stove, or range I fix or cast
on brackets or lugs which support a roller or shaft, which either projects
through the side of the chimney piece into the room, and has a cranked
handle attached to it, or it has attached to one of its ends a toothed wheel
or pinion which gears into a worm or endless screw worked by a handle
projecting from the side of the front of the chimney piece, or fire-place,

page_text: stove, or range. By either of these arrangements the roller may be
turned.
I attach to the roller a shutter, blind, or curtain, made of thin lathes
of metal overlapping one another, and fastened by a cord, wire, or chain
passing through tubes at each end of the lathes, and these tubes are cut
away in part to allow for the overlap of the lathes.
The whole apparatus is so fixed that the shutter fits closely to the
back of the front opening of the fire-place, stove, or range. By winding
up or unwinding the folding shutter by means of the handle and roller
the opening in front of the grate of the fire-place, stove, or range is
enlarged or contracted, and so the draught in the chimney is regulated
as required.
The above arrangement of shutter may be used for the purpose of
A NEW AND IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SECURING CORKS IN BOTTLES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th June 1872.-A communication from Thomas Sprent, Mer-
chant, and Clement Rostaing, Engineer, residing at Paris, Rue de
Rivoli, 240.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 18, Rue de la Chausseé d'Antin, Paris, France, and 6, Piccadilly,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A NEW AND IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SECURING
CORKS IN BOTTLES," communicated from Thomas Sprent, Merchant, and
Clement Rostaing, Engineer, two persons resident at Paris, Rue de
Rivoli, 240, to be as follows:-
-
This Invention communicated to me relates to a new and improved
apparatus for securing corks in bottles, applicable to bottles containing
gaseous wines, such as sparkling champaign, beer, soda water, or
fermented liquids, and consists of a cap connected laterally to a collar
or ring surrounding the neck of the bottle under the rim at the upper
part of the neck. The cap, connections, and collar are cut from a

page_text: single sheet of metal by means of a punching machine. The piece of
metal thus cut has in the middle a disk, the diameter of which is a
little larger than that of the cork, and which will be placed on the top
of the cork, and on each side a narrower part, which will be bent down
and applied against the sides of the cork and the upper part of the
neck of the bottle, which forms the connection between the cap and
the collar, formed by both ends of the piece of metal cut in bands
surrounding the neck of the bottle and fastened together by means of
flaps formed at the end of one of the bands, and passing through
corresponding slots made at the end of the other band and afterwards
bent so as to form clasps.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EXTRACTING METALLIC OXIDES, AND PRECIPITATING OXIDES FROM METALLIC SOLUTIONS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harry John Smith at the Office
"
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
April 1872.
I, HARRY JOHN SMITH, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Analytical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of “IMPROVEMENTS IN EXTRACTING METALLIC OXIDES, AND
PRECIPITATING OXIDES FROM METALLIC SOLUTIONS," to be as follows, that is to
say :-
This Invention which relates to an improved process for extracting
metallic oxides from raw or calcined ores, and in precipitating oxides
from metallic substances, consists in grinding or mixing and heating the
said oxides with chlorides, so as to convert the oxides into chlorides, and
should there be no sulphur present in the oxides sufficient must be
added to effect the decompositions. The chlorides thus obtained are
lixiviated with boiling water, and may or may not be washed with hydro-
chloric or other acid, so as to produce solutions of the chlorides. To
these solutions, oxide of calcium, magnesia, or baric oxide is added in
quantity sufficient to precipitate the metals present in the oxides.

page_text: Hot air and steam may or may not be sent through the residual
solutions, or hot air and steam may be sent through the precipitate after
the supernatant solution is drawn off by a filter, in order to reduce the
precipitates from hydrated to simple oxides.
It is to be understood that the Invention herein described, is applicable à
for the precipitation of oxides from all metallic substances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE LIGHTERS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Benjamin Jessop at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st October 1872.
I, JOSIAH BENJAMIN JESSOP, of Wolverhampton, in the County of
Stafford, Chemist and Druggist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE LIGHTERS," to be as follows :-
My Invention consists in making fire lighters from strips or pieces of
wood, substantially in the manner herein-after described.
I take four, five, or other number of strips or bars of wood, say of 5
or 6 inches in length, an inch in breadth, and half an inch in thickness.
In connecting or combining the said strips or bars together I pile them
face on one another, and make a hole passing through the middle
of the pile. Through the said hole I pass an iron wire and clench or
rivet it at each end. The strips or bars are thus connected together and
form a compact mass of wood having the figure of a rectangular oblong
block. When the fire lighter is about to be used the several strips or
bars are turned on the wire described as upon an axis, and the fire
lighter is thus made to assume a star like shape. When placed in this

page_text: state in a fire grate and ignited there is a ready access of air to the
different pieces of the fire lighter, and the different pieces are retained
in the positions in which they have been arranged by turning them on
the central wire or wires until the mass has burned or nearly burned
away.
Although I prefer to pass the wire or axis on which the several parts
or bars of the fire lighter turn through the middle of the pile, yet the
said wire or axis may be passed through the pile at or near one end with
the same or nearly the same effect..
When fire lighters. made according to my Invention are closed so as
to bring the several bars parallel, they are very compact and Occupy but
little space when packed for storage or carriage. When the parts are
opened out for use, by turning them upon the wire or axis they expose &
large surface for burning, and retain this shape until almost burned
away.
In order to increase the inflammability of the fire lighter I dip its:
ends in petroleum. By this treatment no paper is required to be used
with the fire lighter, while no inflammable matter drops from the fire
lighter while burning, as happens when the fire lighter is primed with
resinous matter...
IMPROVED ALARUM, INDICATING, and Silent FEED APPARATUS FOR FLOUR AND GRIST MILLS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Glasspool at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
January 1872. A communication from abroad by Thomas Glass-
pool, of Minneapolis, State of Minnesota, United States of America.
I, RICHARD GLASSPOOL, of Hemel Hempstead, in the County of
Herts, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
ALARUM, INDICATING, and Silent FEED APPARATUS FOR FLOUR AND GRIST MILLS," ✰
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, 1st, to automatically acting means of calling
the attention of the attendant when the supply of corn or other grain
falls short, and when the stone is not running at a proper speed; and
2ndly, to a means of equally distributing the grain to the stones.
It consists of a vertical spindle fitted into the eye of the running stone
and rotating therewith. On said spindle a governor is mounted, the
rising and falling of which brings a tappet or tappets into contact with
a rod or lever acting on a bell. These tappets are carried on the
sliding piece of the governor, and are so arranged that when the

page_text: stone is running at its proper speed the rod or lever will not be acted
on by the tappets, but when by the diminution of speed the governor
falls a single tappet will strike it and thus indicate that the speed
is too slow by ringing the bell, and when it is too fast, two tappets
are caused by the rising of the governor balls to act on the rod or
lever and show that the stone is running too fast by the more rapid
ringing of the bell.
The grain is fed in through a hopper or funnel through which the
vertical spindle passes, and in the funnel is a small piece of leather
or other similar material connected to a small tongue affixed to the rod 1
or lever on which the tappets act, so that when the pressure of the
grain in passing through ceases, the tongue on the rod or lever will
drop and come into contact with the tappet and sound the bell as
before.
The vertical spindle is stepped into the rynd of the running stone 1
which is saucer shaped, and to which the grain is conducted by the
funnel, the said saucer being provided with a number of radial arms
by which the grain is distributed equally to all parts of the stones.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SIZE OR OTHER SUBSTANCES USED FOR STIFFENING AND WEIGHTING CLOTH, YARN, AND PAPER
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sellars at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
February 1872.
I, JOHN SELLARS, of Droylesden, near Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SIZE OR OTHER
SUBSTANCES USED FOR STIFFENING AND WEIGHTING CLOTH, YARN, AND PAPER," to
be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of ordinary slate or the
mineral from which the slate is quarried in Wales and other places in a
state of fine dry powder or of fine wet pulp, and using it in both con-
ditions as articles of commerce, either with or without the addition of
any coloring matter.
The slate of different colors is selected as desired and ground to any
degree of fineness in the dry or moist state, and this powder or pulp
in its natural color is well adapted for stiffening and weighting cotton
or other cloth or yarns in the sizing machine when mixed with flour,
starch, or other pasty or gummy substance, or any other mineral or

page_text: weighting material may be added thereto at the option of the user.
The dry powder or moist pulp whether colored or not can be used
in the manufacture of paper, either used alone or in combination with
china clay or other similar substances for giving weight or color, or
both weight and color.
The dry powder or moist pulp can be colored to any tint required, and
be used in the manufacture of pigments or colors either alone or in
combination with barytes or similar substances, such as are now or may
become in use at the option of the manufacturer.
A NEW OR IMPROVED WINDOW SABH STOP OR FASTENER
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Burstow at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
May 1872.
I, EDWARD BURSTOW, of Horsham, in the County of Sussex,
Architect, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
NEW OR IMPROVED WINDOW SABH STOP OR FASTENER," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the construction of a sash stop or fastener
which shall be so far self-acting as to be fastened by the act of closing
the window, which shall secure the window when a short distance open
for ventilation, which shall be secure against being opened from without
and shall be simple in its construction. The means by which I propose
to effect this object are as follows:-I construct a sash stop or fastener in
two parts, one to be attached to each sash. That to be attached to the
lower sash consists of a bolt turning on a horizontal pin, also an arm or
lever by which it is thrown forward and a drop or tumbler by which it
is securely held in that position. The part attached to the upper or outer
sash consists of a plate having a vertical slot into which the said bolt
catches, and a stud by which the said arm or lever is lifted.
The said

page_text: bolt and arm or lever are supported between vertical plates rising from
a base plate attached to the inner or lower sash. The bolt, the shape of
which somewhat resembles the letter Z is centered on a horzontal pin
near the lower or left hand angle. The arm or lever is attached to the
plates by a horizontal pin situate about an inch farther back or to the
right and carries a pin which projects horizontally under the bolt, about
midway between the two centres, so that when the free end of the arm
or lever is lifted by the stud on the other sash, the pin lifts the tail of
the bolt and tips the other end forward into the slot in the vertical plate
attached to the outer or upper sash. The stud by which the lever is
lifted is attached to a spring at the back of the plate and projects
through a hole close beside the slot into which the bolt catches. The stud
is bevilled or rounded off both upwards and downwards so as to pass
readily the meeting bar of the lower sash by which it is pushed back
into the plate in passing. The drop or tumbler by which the bolt is
secured against being pushed back from without by the introduction of
any instrument between the sashes consists of a drop or tumbler
suspended from the tail end of the bolt, part of which when the bolt is
turned forwards falls into the space between the tail of the bolt and
the base plate. The end of the drop or tumbler is turned upwards and
outwards and forms a little handle by which it is withdrawn and the
bolt pulled back by one motion of the hand.
The above arrangement admits of several modifications and can be so
arranged that the self-acting part can be thrown out of gear if desired by
centreing the arm or lever on an excentric by means of which it can be
thrown back out of reach of the stud on the other plate.
A NEW OR IMPROVED LEVER SPRING LOCK SASH FASTENER
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Walton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
March 1872.
I, WILLIAM WALTON, of No. 2, Worcester Street, Pimlico, in the
County of Middlesex, Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED LEVER SPRING LOCK SASH FASTENER," to
be as follows:-
The sash fastener is fixed in the centre of the meeting rails of the
bottom and top window sashes. The bed plate A and B is in two parts.
On the bed plate A is fixed the lever C with a return end D revolving
on its axis at E on the bed plate A. The return end of the lever D
is provided with a spring F and rivetted thereto, passing through a slot
at G. The spring G is connected to the vertical lever H on the outside
face working in a groove. To secure the sashes the lever C when on
the bed plate A is drawn forward and the spring F connected with the
return end D passes the keep I. The fastener is then locked and
cannot be moved either way. To relieve the locking, press the vertical
lever slightly on the top which draws the spring forward. The lever C

page_text: then returns on the plate A. The sashes can then be moved up and
down in the usual way.
This first part of this Specification explains the plan and action of the
Inventor's Invention as a protection against burglary.
The second part of this Specification has reference to the back action
of the lever C. This back action is given by the combination of the
several parts described. At the base of the lever C where it revolves
on its axis at E a spur projects at an acute angle. This spur is fitted
with a friction roller which acts on the face of the spring, which is
rivetted at K on the inner face of the vertical back plate on A as is now
done with all the old established sash fasteners. By these contrivances
the lever returns back on the bed plate A.
No part of the second part of this Specification is claimed as new, but
applied to complete the whole as a perfectly safe sash fastener.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APParatus
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Parker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
January 1872.
I, THOMAS PARKER, of 109, Pilgrim Street, Newcastle-on-Tync,
Architect, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APParatus,” to be as follows :—
From a boiler or generator proceeds the main service pipe from which
branch off small-bore service pipes to convey hot water to what I term
heaters, one of which latter is proposed to be placed in each pew if the
building be a church; these service pipes to have a gradual rise and lie
under or on the floor or elsewhere, and to bave stop-cocks at intervals.
From these service pipes the water will be taken to each heater by a
branch pipe or otherwise. The heaters are to be formed of galvanized
iron, block tin, or other suitable material, to be circular, rectangular, or
of other sectional shape, and to be united (by couplings or other connec-
tions) to the branch pipes or to the service pipes. The suitable place
for the heaters is under the footboard in pews, and in an analogous
position in other buildings, but may be otherwise placed if more con-

page_text: venient. From each of the heaters a branch pipe or other connection will
be taken to its return pipe, which return pipe will lead the water with a
gradual fall back to the boiler.
The general principles of hot water circulation as in the system at
present practiced are applicable to my Invention, and any other arrange-
ment or position of the pipes and heaters may be made in applying the
said Invention, the main features of which are,-1. The use of service
pipes of small bore and not for radiating heat, but only to convey hot
water to the heaters. 2. The use of heaters placed in above positions
wherever heat is required in the building, and also for the use of the
occupants of the building, as for instance in each pew (if in a church),
or under the benches (if in a school or public hall), or within the
thickness of the floor (if in an assembly hall or other building without
sittings), or in any other more convenient positions for the above-named
buildings, or for any other description of buildings whatever; and 3.
The local application of the heating power to a part of the building only
is secured by means of the stop-cocks at intervals in the service pipes
above named.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM FOR FORMING BUNGS AND SIMILAR TAPERED ARTICLES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Wilson Brunskill at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th July
1872.
I, WILSON BRUNSKILL, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Wood Turner, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM FOR FORMING BUNGS AND SIMILAR TAPERED
ARTICLES," to be as follows: —
This relates to an improved construction of chuck and cutting tool
to be used in combination with the shaft and other main parts of a
blocking machine. The chuck is secured to the revolving shaft which
carries the cutters of an ordinary blocking machine; it consists of a
sleeve tapering on the outside, through which passes a non-rotating
spindle securing the wood to be blocked in position. On the outside
of the said sleeve two slots are cut diametrically opposite and following
the taper of the said sleeve. In these slots two guide pieces are fitted,
each guide piece having attached at one end and in the same straight
Line a semi-cylindrical or segmental saw with its teeth on the curved
front edge or end. The said guide pieces are caused to move in their

page_text: slots by means of a sleeve and collar working in and out of the chuck
sleeve, the said sleeve and collar having studs or projections on its
sleeved end fitting into recesses in the guide pieces. The said sleeved
collar is caused to move by means of a clutch fitting around the collar
and worked by the foot gear, which in ordinary blocking machines acts
on the revolving shaft carrying the cutters.
The action of my improved mechanism is as follows:-The wood is
brought close up to the chuck by means of a moveable table, and is held
in position by the stationary centre spindle. The chuck is now caused
to revolve at about 7000 revolutions per minute. The foot gear being
depressed carries with it the sleeved collar, which in its turn causes the
saw cutters on the end of the guide pieces to project from the chuck
in either a converging or diverging direction, and so form a tapered
bung with the larger end where the cutters enter if they converge, and
the smaller end if they diverge. In practice I prefer that the cutters
should enter at the larger end of the bung.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GRIDIRON STEPS FOR CARRIAGES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John George Harrison at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th March 1872.
I, JOHN GEORGE HARRISON, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Coach Smith, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GRIDIRON STEPS FOR
CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
manufacturing gridiron steps for carriages, by which improvements the
said steps are made stronger and less liable to get out of order than
those made by the ordinary method of manufacture, and are also less
costly in manufacture.
In the ordinary method of manufacturing the said steps the frame
and the stem by which the step is affixed to the carriage are made from
wrought iron by the process of forging, the transverse bars being fixed to
the frame by rivetting. When so made the transverse bars are apt to
get loose, and produce among other inconveniences a disagreeable
jingling noise by the motion of the carriage.

page_text: In manufacturing the said steps according to my Invention I make
the frame and transverse bars of the step of cast iron of the kind
commonly called malleable cast iron or annealed cast iron, and I make
the stem by which the step is connected to the carriage of wrought iron,
the said stem being fashioned by the process of forging, and the frame
and transverse bars being made by the process of casting. I form the
mould for casting the said frame and transverse bars in the ordinary way
excepting that I provide means for inserting and supporting the end of
the wrought-iron stem in the mould in the required position to cast the
said frame and transverse bars on the said stem. After the casting has
been effected the cast portion requires to be annealed or decarbonized.
In effecting this the wrought-iron stem requires to be protected from the
action of the annealing material, which would otherwise injuriously
affect the quality of the wrought iron. This protecting of the wrought-
iron stem during the annealing process may be effected in various ways,
but I find in practice that a coating of lime either alone or mixed with
finely powdered charcoal answers very well.
Gridiron steps for carriages made according to my Invention are free
from the defects ordinarily complained of in carriage steps of the usual
AN IMPROVED PURSE GLOVE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Abbotts Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th March 1872.
I, WILLIAM ABBOTTS SMITH, of Princes Street, Hanover Square, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED PURSE GLOVE," to be as follows:-
The features of novelty in this Invention consist,-
First. In making the purse independent of the glove instead of
making it in the palm of the glove as heretofore practised.
Second. In adapting a piece of elastic to the purse and fixing it to
the palm of the glove as to enable the purse to be drawn upwards.
The following will serve as an example of the manner of manu-
facturing purse gloves according to this Invention :— -The purse, which
may be of any suitable material, I fasten to the inside or palm of a glove,
and on the purse and between it and the glove I fasten a piece of elastic
tape to admit of the purse being drawn upwards to within about half

page_text: the length of a railway ticket. On the top of the purse I fasten an
elastic band or flap to secure the ticket or other article from being
exposed or dropping out of the purse. The aforesaid elastic tape acts as
a spring in a downward direction, thereby keeping the contents of the
purse perfectly secure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING AND ROASTING MALT, COFFEE, AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Perry at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
June 1872.
I, ALEXANDER PERRY, of Love Lane, St. Leonard's Road, Bromley-
by-Bow, in the County of Middlesex, Smith and Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR DRYING AND ROASTING MALT, COFFEE, AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES," to be
as follows:-
My Invention relates to apparatus which has a rotating cylinder or
drum wherein the malt, coffee, or other substance to be dried or roasted
is placed. The said cylinder is enclosed in a chamber which is heated
by hot air forced by a fan or blower through a furnace and arrangement
of pipes into the said chamber.
In roasting malt and other substances in these apparatuses as hitherto
constructed, the vapor produced during the process has been found very
offensive and injurious, both to the workmen employed on the premises
and to the surrounding neighbourhood, and the use of such apparatus
has been frequently prohibited in towns and cities for this reason.

page_text: The object of my Invention is the construction of a drying and roasting
apparatus which shall consume the vapor instead of letting it escape
into the atmosphere. To accomplish this object I construct the said
apparatus as follows:-I use a cylinder placed in a hot air chamber
connected with a furnace in the usual manner; the said cylinder may
be of any convenient construction, and the furnace and pipes for heating
and conducting the air to the said cylinder may be such as are ordinarily
used.
My Invention consists in providing the said apparatus with pipes and
flues, whereby the vapor produced in the hot air chamber is conducted
thence into the furnace instead of being allowed to escape through the
chimney. The said pipes and flues are so arranged, that by means of
dampers the vapor may be conducted into the furnace either through
the fire-bars or above them. An aperture is made in the top or other
convenient part of the hot air chamber, through which aperture the said
chamber communicates with a pipe which extends down to the bottom
of the apparatus and is conducted below the furnace to the ash-pit.
The end of this pipe opens into the ash-pit and a branch pipe passing up
into the furnace opens into the same above the fire-bars. By means of
dampers either of these pipes may be opened or closed, and the vapor
thereby made to enter the furnace either through the fire-grate or above
the same.
I provide the chimney with a damper, and when this damper is closed
and the fan or blower put in operation, the air forced into the said hot air
chamber with the vapor and gases produced from the contents of the
cylinder will be driven through the return pipes and flues into the
furnace. The latter is provided with the ordinary flues or smoke passages
and shaft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELASTIC FABRICS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Archibald Turner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th July
1872.
I, ARCHIBALD TURNER, of Leicester, Elastic Fabric Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF ELASTIC FABRICS," to be as follows:-
Elastic fabrics when woven' in the loom are always woven in an
extended state, and they are afterwards allowed to collapse by the
shrinking of the elastic strands until they assume the form and con-
dition in which they are made up for sale. If this shrinkage is not
conducted with great care the surface of the fabric will present an
irregular appearance, which will detract from the value of the fabric.
The object of the present Invention is to effect this shrinking
operation in such a manner that the whole surface of the fabric may
be shrunk with such regularity and uniformity that a perfectly regular
and even terry may be produced on the surface of the fabric. To this
end the fabric in its crude state (that is in an irregularly collapsed state)
is placed in a machine or apparatus in which it is first stretched to its

page_text: full tension, and is then allowed to shrink terry by terry as it passes
from the last delivery roller of the machine, instead of a long length
of fabric being allowed to collapse.simultaneously, as is now the case.
In my machine the fabric to be operated upon is drawn from a can,.
basket, or other receptacle, and is passed over a cylinder or roller
provided with a friction break to prevent it from rotating too readily
by friction of contact. The fabric then passes partially round two
other rollers which are geared together, and are driven by any con-
venient prime mover. By this means the fabric is stretched to its
fullest extent, and in this state is conducted to another set of rollers
at the other end of the machine. Between these two sets of rollers,
and while in its extended state the fabric is subjected to the operation
of "picking," that is, removing from one side of the fabric extraneous
fibres, knots, and other substances that would detract from it appearance.
The other side of the fabric is subjected to a similar picking operation
on its passage from the second set of rollers to the delivery rollers, it
being all' this while kept in a state of tension. On leaving the nip of
the delivery rollers, the fabric will terry by terry collapse to the proper
extent, every terry being allowed to collapse independently of the others,
and therefore the entire fabric will be collapsed gradually and with great
regularity.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF VENTILATING THE SEWERS, SOIL PIPES, AND CESSPOOLS OF DWELLINGS, AND DEODORISING THE GASES EVOLVED THEREFROM.
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Pollard Seddon, of No. 12, Park Street,
Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, Architect, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF VENTILATING THE SEWERS, SOIL
PIPES, AND CESSPOOLS OF DWELLINGS, AND DEODORISING THE GASES EVOLVED
THEREFROM.
Scaled the 5th March 1872, and dated the 13th January 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Pollard Seddon
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 13th January 1872.
I, JOHN POLLARD SEDDON, of No. 12, Park Street, Westminster, in
the County of Middlesex, Architect, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF VENTILATING THE
SEWERS, SOIL PIPES, AND CESSPOOLS OF DWELLINGS, AND DEODORISING THE GASES
EVOLVED THEREFROM," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the removal from the sewers or drains,

page_text: "
their contents, and the deodorizing of these gases before permitting them
to escape into the atmosphere. For this purpose I connect to every
sewer that has communication with the dwelling, and to every soil pipe
and cesspool, by preference to the upper parts of their respective
cavities, a branch pipe, and I collect all these branch pipes into one
general ascending pipe. For dwellings already constructed this ascending
pipe may be carried up externally, or within an existing flue, or it may
be a flue constructed for the purpose. For new dwellings I prefer to
construct a special flue, which may be conveniently formed in the party
wall when there are several dwellings contiguous to one another.
At some convenient point of the ascending pipe or fluo, or at the
top thereof, I make an enlargement in which I place a deodorizing
box. This box contains a basket or network case containing peat,
charcoal, or other well-known deodorizing substance, or the box may
be fitted with shelves or trays covered by deodorizing material.
The contents of the deodorizing box are from time to time removed
and replaced by fresh material, and for this purpose the box is made
with a door or cover capable of being closed in an air-tight manner.
The pipe or flue is carried up to the chimney stack or other conveniont
part of the roof where its mouth is open to the atmosphere. The gases
evolved from the matter in the sewers, soil pipes, or cesspools are thus
allowed to ascend, and passing over or through the deodorizing
materials in the box are rendered innocuous before they escape into the
atmosphere.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF BUCKLE OR FASTENER
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Ashcroft at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
January 1872.
I, WILLIAM ASHCROFT, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF BUCKLE OR FASTENER," to be as follows :-
The Invention relates to a novel and improved construction of
adjustable fastener or coupling, which is designed to supersede both in
economy and efficacy the ordinary buckles and clasps now employed.
The improvement consists in providing a strip of metal the length of
and
which by preference should be rather more than double its width,
double it at about two-fifths of its length thus
the under bent
portion is provided with a slot, the center line of which will be im-
mediately under the upper termination of the over bend. The same
configuration may be obtained by soldering or otherwise attaching a
short and long length of metal together evenly at one end so as to leave
the termination of the under plate projecting beyond the shorter or

page_text: upper plate. At the junction or bend of these plates, perforations, rings,
or other equivalent means of attachment are provided for permanently
securing the same to one end of the strap. I will take as an example,
in order to shew the adaptation and use of the said buckle, its employ-
ment in connection with a strap for binding articles together. The
junction end of the upper and lower plates are permanently secured to
one end of a strap, belt, cord, or other binding medium, its other or loose
end is then passed through the slot in the under plate from the under side
thereof until the requisite tension for adjusting, or tightening, or
binding is obtained, at which time the loose length of strap protruding 1
through the slot is passed through a loop or under a catch which thus
holds it down.