IMPROVE- MENTS IN PREPARING CEMENTS AND VARNISHES."
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Brown, of No. 27, Aldgate, and John Thomas
Way, of No. 106, Leadenhall Street, and Thomas Mullett Evans, of the
same Place, all in the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PREPARING CEMENTS AND VARNISHES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Brown, John
Thomas Way, and Thomas Mullett Evans, at the Office of the
Commissioners. of Patents, with their Petition, on the 24th October
1863.
We, JAMES BROWN, of No. 27, Aldgate, and JOHN THOMAS WAY, of No. 106,
Leadenhall Street, and THOMAS MULLETT EVANS, of the same Place, all in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PREPARING CEMENTS AND VARNISHES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in preparing cements and
varnishes, and is applicable when using asphalte or pitch or oils, in preparing
cements for the making of pavements, and for marine and other purposes.
The Invention consists in combining calcined bones or silica rock, or both,
with asphalte or pitch or oils, or with two or more of such materials.
It is preferred to employ Trinidad asphalte, as free as may be from earthy
matters, though other asphaltes or pitch may be used in place thereof, and
when oil is employed it is preferred to use raw linseed oil, though boiled
linseed oil or other oils may be employed, and although other preparations of

page_text: calcined bones may be used in carrying out our Invention, what is known as
bone ash is that which is preferred. The substance called silica rock is a
mineral now well known and is found largely near Farnham, in the County of
Surrey, and elsewhere, and a full description of its nature is given in the Speci-
fication of a Patent granted to J. T. Way and J. M. Paine, dated 11th Decem-
ber 1852, (No. 1034.)
In combining these matters and forming cements therewith the asphalte is
melted, the linseed or other oil is then stirred in and intimately mixed therewith;
the ground calcined bone or the ground silica rock, or both, is or are then
stirred into the previous mixture, after which the compound is allowed to cool,
and is when about to be used melted by heat and applied in like manner to that
in which like cements have heretofore been used. In addition to the ordinary
uses of these cements, to cause surfaces to adhere together, they may be bene-
ficially employed as coatings for woven and other fabrics and surfaces.
The proportions in which these substances are used in the production of
cements may be greatly varied, depending on the temperature at which it is
desired that the cement shall melt, and the purposes for which it is to be
used.
In order to employ these preparations as varnishes they are simply made
more fluid for use
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, file
by the said James Brown, John Thomas Way, and Thomas Mullett
Evans, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 23rd April 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
BROWN, of No. 27, Aldgate, and JOHN THOMAS WAY, of No. 106, Leaden-
hall Street, and THOMAS MULLETT EVANS, of the same Place, all in the City
of London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said James Brown, John Thomas Way, and Thomas Mullett Evans,
Her special licence that we, the said James Brown, John Thomas Way,
and Thomas Mullett Evans, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as we, the said James Brown, John Thomas Way, and Thomas
Mullett Evans, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any

page_text: time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PREPARING CEMENTS AND VARNISHES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said James Brown, John Thomas Way, and Thomas
Mullett Evans, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our, or their hands and seals, or under the hands and seals of one of us or
them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
'
NOW KNOW YE, that 1, the said James Brown, on behalf of myself
and the said John Thomas Way and Thomas Mullett Evans, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in preparing cements and
varnishes, and is applicable when using asphalte or pitch or oils, in preparing
cements for the making of pavements, and for marine and other purposes. The
Invention consists in combining calcined bones or silica rock, or both, with
asphalte or pitch or oils, or with two or more of such materials.
It is preferred to employ Trinidad asphalte, as free as may be from eartby
matters, though other asphaltes or pitch may be used in place thereof, and
when oil is employed it is preferred to used raw linseed oil or cotton seed oil,
although boiled linseed oil or other oils may be employed, and although other
preparations of calcined bones may be used in carrying out our Invention what
is known as bone ash is that which is preferred. The substance called silica
rock is a mineral now well known and is found largely near Farnham, in the
County of Surrey, and elsewhere, and a full description of its nature is given in
the Specification of a Patent granted to J. T. Way and J. M. Paine, dated
11th December 1852, No. 1034.
In combining these matters and forming cements therewith the asphalte is
melted, and the pitch and the linseed or other oil (if these materials or either
of these be employed) is then stirred in and intimately mixed with the asphalte,
afterwards the ground calcined bone or the ground silica rock, or both, is or are
stirred into the previous mixture, after which the compound is allowed to cool..
and is, when about to be used, melted by heat and applied in like manner to
that in which like cements have heretofore been used.

page_text: In carrying out our Invention when preparing a composition in the nature
of marine glue we prefer to employ the following mixture,-
Trinidad asphalte
Coal pitch
Cotton seed oil
Silica rock
-
20 parts
40
5
"
"
30 "
In this mixture linseed or other oil may be substituted for cotton seed oil.
As respects the silica rock, its place may be supplied by.50 parts of bone ash.
To make blocks for pavement we employ equal parts of asphalte and silica rock,
a little cotton seed or linseed oil being added should the material be found too
brittle. As a paint or waterproofing material to be applied to wood or metal work
and for similar purposes a composition consisting of two parts of pitch and one
part of silica rock may. be employed. Or in some cases, where the color of the
pitch would be objectionable, a composition consisting of three parts of boiled
linseed oil and one part of silica rock may be employed. The silica rock
should in all cases be thoroughly dried before it is used, and in each of the
compositions dried bone ash or calcined. bones may be substituted for the
silica rock; using five parts of bone ash or calcined bones for three parts of
silica rock. When the oil is employed without pitch or asphalte (which is
not generally advisable) it should be linseed or drying oil. These compositions
should in all cases be kept well stirred so long as they are melted, whether it
be in the process of mixing or for subsequent uses.
The proportions in which the substances are used in the production of
cements may be greatly varied, depending on the temperature at which it is
desired that the cement shall melt and the purposes for which it is to be used.
In addition to the ordinary uses of these cements, to cause surfaces to adhere
together, they may be beneficially employed as coatings for woven and other
fabrics and surfaces.
A convenient method of coating fabrics is to employ the composition first
herein-before given and to roll it out by means of wetted rollers heated to about
180° or 190° Fahrenheit into a thin sheet, which after it has been dried is
placed between two fabrics and the whole is passed together between warm or
moderately hot rollers, so that the composition may be thoroughly incorporated
with the cloth. Or a sheet of cement may be rolled on to a single sheet of
fabric if precaution be taken to prevent the adhesion of the cement to the
roller with which it is in contact. Or the fabrics may be caused to pass
through the composition whilst it is kept melted by beat, and the superfluous
composition taken up may be squeezed out by passing the coated fabric
between rollers.

page_text: In order to employ these preparations as varnishes they are simply made
more fluid for use.
The composition firstly herein-before described is very suitable to be used as
a varnish, it is necessary only to add coal tar naptha to it to make it as thin as
is required, it is applied in the same manner as ordinary varnish except that it
requires to be kept constantly stirred.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Brown, have hereunto set
hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
JAS. BROWN. (L.S.)