matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING COAL
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION luft by Charies Bartholomew at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th August 1872.
I, CHARLES BARTHOLOMEW, of Broxholme, Doncaster, in the County
of York, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING COAL," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to an arrangement of circular saws for cutting
coal.
Four or more saws with one or more pulleys are fixed on an axis
working in a frame of iron or steal having three sides, and the saws are
placed near one another, and so that two are on the ends of the axis
dished and gated to clear their outsides, with a provision for the sides of -
the frame to come between them and the next inner saws, and a pulley
between the two inner saws, or if more than one pulley a saw between
the pulleys, with corresponding pulleys at the other end of the franto
fixed on an axis put in motion by a crank handle, or by other means, and
by a strap, band, or chain over the corresponding pulleys communicating
motion to the saws by manual labour or other power.

page_text: The saws will require to be put so near to each other and to be so gated
as continually to break away the small ridge of coal between the saw
gates (this distance is found to be about half an inch); by this means,
and the multiplicity of saws, the whole space between the outer saws
will be cleared out without further aid for any width of opening that 5
may be desirable.
The outer saws require to be about one inch larger diameter than the
inner saws, and the pulleys of so much smaller diameter than the inuer
saws, as to allow the strap chains or bands to work freely.
This machine may be used by. hand alone, pressing it against the 1
coal sufficiently, or it may be attached to a round vertical bar fixed
between the floor and the roof, or it may be supported by a suitable
foot on the floor so as to work in a segment of a circle of a less or
larger sweep or diameter at pleasure, and horizontally or vertically.
APPARATUS FOR LETTERING OR MARKING NAME BANDS FOR UMBRELLA AND OTHER HANDLES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Barnloy at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
August 1872.
I, GEORGE BARNLEY, of Gateshead, in the County of Durham, do
" IMPROVED
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
APPARATUS FOR LETTERING OR MARKING NAME BANDS FOR UMBRELLA AND
OTHER HANDLES," to be as follows:-
-
My Invention relates to apparatus for stamping or lettering metallic
bands to be applied to the handles of umbrellas, walking sticks, and such
like articles, with the purchaser's or owner's name and address. For this
purpose I employ a type cylinder mounted in bearings and furnished
with movable type fitting into dovetailed grooves around the periphery
and working against a plain cylinder geared therewith. The strip of
thin sheet metal (which may or may not be attached to the type
cylinder) is passed between the cylinders and impressed with the
characters of the type at the same time that it is bent to facilitate its
attachment to the article.
The plain roller which has flanged ends may be covered with soft
material to enable the type to make the desired impression on the metal

page_text: band, or a strip of soft material may be passed between the rollers with
the metal band with the same object.
Instead of employing a rolling pressure the movable type may be
applied to a fixed concave surface, against which the metal band is
pressed for lettering, the same being attached for the purpose to a {
suitable plunger covered with soft material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING BRICKS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Shann Derham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th April 1872.
I, THOMAS SHANN DERHAM, of Leeds, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING BRICKS," to be as follows:-
My said Invention relates to improvements in the machine for manu-
facturing bricks described in the Specification of an Invention for which
Letters Patent have been granted to Augustus Morand, bearing date the
8th day of February, A.D. 1871, No. 325. The said machine has a
horizontal revolving mould-wheel or table, directly over which the pug
mill is arranged. The said table and the pug mill shaft are driven by
worm gearing applied to them directly or without the intervention of any
other gearing. The pug mill is provided with a peculiarly constructed
presser plate, which acts on the contents of the moulds as they pass
filled with clay from the pug mill. And in combination with the table is
a delivery apparatus, which acting in combination with the followers
removes the bricks from the moulds and deposits them upon a delivery

page_text: belt. The whole forms a very convenient, compact, simple, and efficient
machine, and the manufacture of bricks of the best quality is accom-
plished thereby in a very rapid and economical manner.
My present Invention is designed to modify these machines by substi-
tuting spur or bevel gearing for the worm gearing of the pug mill shaft
described in the said former Specification. A spur or bevel wheel is fixed
on the
pug mill shaft in place of the worm wheel, and another spur or
bevel wheel or pinion is fixed on a shaft supported in suitable bearings
in the frame of the machine in the proper position to bring the two
wheels properly in gear, and to give the required motion to the said
shaft. In thus combining a pug mill shaft driven by spur or bevel
gearing with a mould-wheel or table driven by worm gearing, I do
not propose to change the construction or arrangement of the mould
wheel or table, the presser plate, the inclined circular track for raising
the followers, the delivery apparatus, or other parts of the said machine
as described in the said former Specification, except where slight modi-
fications may be found necessary or advantageous in adapting the
machine for the spur or bevel gearing in place of the worm gearing for
the pug mill shaft.
A NEW AND IMPROVED SELF-ACTING PNEUMATIC FIRE ALARM
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Conrad Edward Zimdars at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st February 1872.
I, CONRAD EDWARD ZIMDARS, of 28, Red Lion Square, Holborn,
W.C., in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A NEW AND IMPROVED SELF-ACTING PNEUMATIC FIRE
ALARM," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the prevention of conflagration by
giving an immediate alarm in case of fire at any distance from the alarm
apparatus.
This Invention is based upon atmospheric equilibrium, and consists
in a new application of a column either of compressed or rarified air
hermetically enclosed in a metal tube and giving an alarm on the least
outbreak of fire. This system is applicable to buildings, steam ships,
sailing vessels, &c., &c., the metal tubes being fixed wherever it is
possible for fire to break out, and communicating with a flexible air
chamber to which is attached an alarm apparatus in the most con-
venient position. Branches open to the atmosphere are fixed at various
distances on the metal tubes, which are to be stopped with a fusible

page_text: material, such as wax, tallow, &c. The air chamber is expanded by
the compression of air in the tubes which prevents the action of the
alarm.
On the outbreak of a fire the heat is conducted by the tube to the
nearest branch, which melts the fusible material and allows the com-
pressed air to escape, causing the air chamber to collapse which sets
the alarm in motion. By reversing the action or rarifying the air in
the tubes the same result will be obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND DECOMPOSING SULPHATE OF SODIUM AND SULPHATE OF
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Walter Weldon, of 29, The Cedars, Putney, in .
the County of Surrey, for the Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS IN
OBTAINING AND DECOMPOSING SULPHATE OF SODIUM AND SULPHATE OF
I, WALTER WELDON, of 29, The Cedars, Putney, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN OBTAINING AND DECOMPOSING SULPHATE OF SODIUM AND SULPHATE OF
POTASSIUM, AND IN OBTAINING HYDROCHLORIC ACID AND CHLORINE," to be as
follows
'
.
.

page_text: This Invention consists, lastly, in substituting in certain cases oxide
or sulphide of copper for oxide or sulphidé of manganese or iron in the
manufacture of sulphate of sodium or of sulphate of potassium, and of
hydrochloric acid and chlorine, as aforesaid.
on the 30th July 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WALTER
WELDON, of 29, The Cedars, Putney, in the County of Surrey, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Walter Weldon, Her special licence that I,
the said Walter Weldon, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Walter Weldon, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,.
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND DE-
COMPOSING SULPHATE OF SODIUM AND SULPHATE OF POTASSIUM, AND IN OBTAINING
HYDROCHLORIC ACID AND CHLORINE," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Walter Weldon, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
t

page_text: treating with either sulphurous acid gas, and air and steam, or with
sulphurous acid gas and air only, a mixture of either of the said chlorides
with either oxide of iron or oxide of copper.
In witness whereof, I, the said Walter Weldon, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of July, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
two.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTE, HARMONIUM, AND ORGAN KEYS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Ferdinand Ludwig
Goffrie and John Henry Schucht at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 16th August 1872.
We, CHARLES FERDINAND LUDWIG GOFFRIE, of 4, Gower Strect,
Bedford Square, London, and JoHN HENRY SCHUCHT, of 14, Store Street,
Bedford Square, both in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTE,
HARMONIUM, AND ORGAN KEYS," to be as follows :-
-
The keys of pianofortes, harmoniums, and organs as at present used are
balanced so as to work like an ordinary lever centred at or near the
middle. The depth of the depression of the keys and the power required
to depress them, varies according to the distance at which they are
touched or attacked from the front to the fulcrum or point of balance.
Our improvement obviates and remedies perfectly and effectually this
disadvantage. We make, adjust, and arrange the keys of pianofortes,
harmoniums, and organs in such a way, that is, we make the keys in two
pieces one on the top of the other. The bottom picco is centred as the
ordinary keys at present used, and acts in the same way. The top

page_text: piece is centred on the front to the front of the bottom piece, and passes
towards the back over the centre of the bottom piece, after which a scrow
is inserted which passes loosely through a hole in the bottom piece, and
rests on a lever which is centered in the same relative proportions as tho
key or bottom piece on a rail resting on the key bottom. Now, if wo
press the finger on the top piece, the power will be transmitted to the
bottom piece on the front, and press it down, and behind its centre will
pross with the screw on the front of the lever to raise it behind and the
bottom piece or key with it. In fact, pressing on the top piccc at all
distances from the front of the keys,to the fulcrum or point at which tho
keys are balanced, the power or weight required to act or depress the
keys is equal, or nearly so, and the depth of the depression is also equal,
or nearly so.
The advantage of this improvement is that it removes a mechanical
difficulty in the way of executing passages in which the "black" and "
"white" keys are used alternately or in combination, and that it so far
enables the player more easily to perform and render the works of
composers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES OR RECEPTACLES FOR CONTAINING ÆRATED BEVERAGES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR CHARGING THE SAME
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bruce and Hyppolite
Foureur at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 3rd December 1872.
We, WILLIAM BRUCE and HYPPOLITE FOUREUR, of Birkenhead, in
the County of Chester, Erated Beverage Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES OR
RECEPTACLES FOR CONTAINING ÆRATED BEVERAGES, AND IN
APPARATUS FOR
CHARGING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists,―
First. In constructing a bottle or receptacle for aerated beverages of
any desired shape, with a cap or cover having a passage or way forming
a continuous or nearly continuous line with the neck of the said bottle
or receptacle. The passage or way in the said cap is fitted with a self-
closing spring valve for retaining the aerated beverage within the said
bottle or receptacle.
Second. In providing appliances for charging our said bottle or
receptacle, such appliances have a movable platform for raising the

page_text: bottle or receptacle into contact with a charging or supply tap, a lever
for opening the spring retaining valve when the bottle or receptacle is in
charging position, and a hinged guard to protect the operation in case of
accidental bursting of a bottle or receptacle.
In the Drawings hereunto appended 1 is the bottle or receptacle; 2;
cap or cover provided with continuous upward way or passage 3; 4,
spring self-closing valve; 5, charging or supply tap; 6, lever for opening
self-closing valve 4; 7, movable platform; 8, hinged guard.
A NEW IMPROVED HIGH-PRESSURE VALVE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph James Day at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
October 1872.
I, JOSEPH JAMES DAY, of No. 22, South Villas, Camden Square,
Camden Town, in the County of Middlesex, Plumber and Gasfitter,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW IMPROVED
HIGH-PRESSURE VALVE," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to prevent the waste of water or other
liquids by means of a perfectly closing loose valve; this valve has a brass
spindle secured through the centre which works through two guides, one
in the body of the tap and the other on the under side of the seating
where the spindle rests on an eccentric; it is then opened by the
eccentric through which a spindle passes, the spindle being brought
through bearings at the sides of the lower part of the valve seating, and
is turned either by the ordinary lever ball float or by a T key or lever;
the valve is closed by the eccentric being turned from under it when the
valve falls of its weight assisted by the pressure of the liquid, and is
kept firm by the same pressure till the eccentric is again turned to allow

page_text: more of the liquid to pass through it. This valve is also so constructed
that the whole of the working parts may be easily removed for repairs
or cleansing without moving the body of the tap.
I would have it understood that I do not claim any particular part
but the combination of the whole.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR MANUFACTURE OF A RED COLORING MATTER
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Ormerod and David Speirs
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 5th April 1872.
We, JAMES ORMEROD, of the Firm of Taylor and Ormerod, of Water-
foot, near Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Woollen Printers,
and DAVID SPEIRS, of the same Place, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR MANUFACTURE OF A
RED COLORING MATTER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of a scarlet color especially
applicable for woollen and felted goods. With about the following pro-
portions we have obtained very good results. We mix two pounds of
lac liquor in two gallons of water, and add one and a half pounds of any
thickening matter, such as is generally used for such purposes, to which
is added two quarts of bark liquor at 12° T.; when cold, one pound of
tin crystals and one pound of oxalic acid are added to the mass, and
the whole being then well mixed is ready for use. This coloring matter
is employed in the ordinary way, and by its use we are enabled to print

page_text: pad or dye woollen or felted goods at one operation, whereas by the
colors hitherto used the goods have had to be subjected to two, three, or
more operations before getting the shade required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLATE BENDING MACHINES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cameron at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
February 1872.
I, JOHN CAMERON, of Hulme, City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLATE BENDING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
The most improved way of making the flues of boilers, large wrought-
iron pipes, masts, and yards for ships, and other similar articles is to
bend the plates, forming them to an entire circle, and then welding the
joint.
Various plans have been devised to disengage the plates so bent from
the top roll of the bending machine, all of which are inconvenient. Now
the improved plan proposed by me consists in making the top roll
rather shorter than the two bottom rolls, so as to allow it to be with-
drawn from its end bearing by sliding back. The end of the roll projects
beyond the end frame so as to admit of a long socket or porter bar
being fixed or connected to it; this bar is made about the same length
as the roll, and on its extreme end is hung a balance weight which is

page_text: easily lifted on or off by a screw. The operation is as follows:- After the
plate has been rolled to an entire circle in the ordinary way on the top
roll, it is withdrawn from its end bearing by sliding back, for which
purpose an ordinary pinch bar is used, the balance weight is then lifted
on the extreme end of the porter bar, the roll is then balanced on its
other bearing which is held by and suspended to a universal swivel joint,
the top roll is then swung to the proper angle on either side of the
machine to allow the plate after it has been bent to an entire circle to
be removed from the top roll.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOWING AND REAPING MACHINES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Clarke Ogle at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th June 1872.
I, GEORGE CLARKE OGLE, of Ripley, in the County of Derby,
Agricultural Implement Manufacturer and Dealer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOWING AND REAPING
MACHINES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is to entirely remove the steerage and
weight from the horses' necks when working mowing and reaping
machines by introducing shafts instead of a pole, thereby removing the
steerage and weight from the horses' necks to their backs. By these
means the horses or horse are or is enabled to back the machine with
case and facility. The poles and shafts in present use have the fault
of being too low and thereby chafe the hind legs of the horses, and in
many instances the horses get their legs over the trace or draught chain,
which not unfrequently causes them to kick and become restive when
backing and turning round. In order to remove this difficulty 1 purpose
clevating the shafts or pole to the ordinary height of the shafts used in

page_text: ordinary carts or other similar vehicles, thus giving the horse or horses
bodily power to turn, steer, or back, without chafing their legs, which
render it impossible for the horses either to chafe their legs with the pole
or get them over the trace or draught chain. I purpose doing this
without in anywise altering the track of the horses with adjustable
draught.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PHOSPHATES OP LIME OR PHOSPHATES OF ALUMINA
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Perkins at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st March 1872.
I, JOHN WILLIAM PERKINS, of Arlington Lodge, Herne Hill Road,
Brixton, in the County of Surrey, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PHOSPHATES
OP LIME OR PHOSPHATES OF ALUMINA," to be as follows:-
:―
My improvements consist of or in dissolving apatites, coprolites, or
native phosphates of lime or alumina in hydrochloric acid, and after-
wards treating the pasty mass thereby produced with sulphuric acid in
ovens similar to those used in the manufacture of sulphate of soda, and
raising the whole to a temperature sufficient to distill off the chlorine
and which is to be reserved for a succeeding operation. The quantity
of acid required or used must be in proportion to the per-centage of
phosphate in the materials used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DISTRIBUTING MANURE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bracewell, Edmund
Riley, and James Bracewell at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 20th January 1872.
We, WILLIAM BRACEWELL, of Waterside, Colne, in the County of
Lancaster, Blacksmith, EdmuND RILEY, of the same Place, Publican,
and JAMES BRACEWELL, of Marsden, near Colne, aforesaid, Blacksmith,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR DISTRIBUTING MANURE," to be as follows:-
This improved machinery consists of a hopper shaped cart in which
the manure is taken from the dunghill to the field on which it has to be
distributed. At the bottom of the cart is a pair of rollers which are
turned round as the cart is drawn forward, by gearing fixed to the axle
or to one of the wheels. Below the pair of rollers is a spiked drum on
which the manure which is drawn out of the bottom of the cart by the
rollers before referred to drops, and this spiked drum is driven by
gearing also connected to the axle or to one of the wheels. The speed of
the spiked drum is greater than that of the rollers, to distribute the
manure evenly over the ground, and the speed can be varied according

page_text: to the nature of the manure by change wheels. The quantity of
manure which is allowed to fall out of the cart is regulated by a
movable damper. The gearing for driving the rollers and spiked drum
can be thrown in and out of gear by a hand lever and clutch box, or
other equivalent.
The number of rollers for discharging the manure from the cart can
be varied, and in some cases we propose to use a scraper or other
instrument acting horizontally in lieu of or in combination with a roller
or rollers.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR ECONOMIZING FUEL AND EFFECTING THE CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Fern at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th July
1872.
I, WILLIAM FERN, of Cullingworth, near Bingley, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR ECONOMIZING FUEL AND EFFECTING THE CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE,”
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the consumption of smoke by means
of a simple, inexpensive, and self-acting apparatus, which is as follows:-
I perforate the plate over or above the furnace door or doors with one
or more holes, and pass through each hole a pipe so as to extend partially
over the fire. To the end or ends of such pipe or pipes outside the
furnace door or doors I attach other pipes; the latter I prefer being
continued to the outside of the boiler house or to such other point where
a supply of pure and non-rarified air can be obtained; and such is by the
draught drawn through the pipes or by means of a fan discharged into
the furnace; a degree of heat is imparted to the air so supplied sufficient
to prevent loss of heat or cooling effect on the furnace thereby.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING STEAM BOILERS WITH WATER
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Davis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th July
1872.
I, JOHN DAVIS, of No. 176, Great Dover Street, Southwark, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING STEAM BOILERS WITH WATER,"
to be as follows:
This Invention relates to the well known apparatus employed for such
purposes called "Giffard's injector," and consists of simple means
whereby the admission of the steam and the water are simultaneously
and proportionally regulated.
The Invention consists principally in the use and application for such
purpose of a hollow conical plug, fitting steam and water tight in the
body of the injector and concentric therewith, that is in the same
vertical centre line, and capable of being turned therein by means of a
key or handle from the outside. The upper end of this hollow plug is
closed, and its lower end open. In the sides of the plug are two
openings or passages, the upper one communicating with the steam pipe

page_text: and the lower one with the water supply pipe. In the central part of
the hollow plug is screwed or otherwise fixed the ordinary conical, steam
nozzle, which is of such dimensions as to leave a conical tubular space
all round it in communication with the water supply orifice. As the
hollow plug is turned round by means of the key or handle it opens
both the steam and water orifices simultaneously, and the steam rushing
through the conical nozzle draws in the water with it, and the supply
can be regulated as required or entirely shut off by merely turning the
key or handle. This is all that is required for a non-lifting injector, but
where it is requisite that the steam should raise the water as well as
force it into the boiler the ordinary conical screw peg must be fitted
inside the nozzle for the purpose of obtaining a tubular jet of steam, as is
well understood by engineers. This conical screw peg or solid plug will
of course pass out through the centre of the hollow plug, and will
require a second key or hand wheel for regulating it, independently of
the steam and water supply. By lengthening the conical plug so as to
shut off the overflow when the feed is required to be in work 'the steam
may be utilized to heat the feed water.
AN IMPROVED COURIER OR TRAVELLING BAG
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Stuart Ford at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
November 1872.
I, HENRY STUART FORD, of Gosport, in the County of Hants, Licu-
tenant in the Royal Artillery, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COURIER OR TRAVELLING BAG," to be as
follows:
My Invention consists of a new construction or form of bag which
combines in itself the features of what is called the travelling bag and
the courier bag. The travelling bag is ordinarily a large receptacle 'for
a variety of dressing and toilet requisites, while the courier bag is a
simple receptacle for a few letters or papers. The bag I construct is in'
size intermediate between those two bags, but may be readily carried
attached to the person by a strap or cord as the courier bag ordinarily is.
It is intended chiefly for the use of military men and contains divisions
and receptacles for such articles as are usually required on a short
journey or trip, such as clothes brush, brush and comb, tooth brush,
opera glass, pipe, tobacco, fusce box, scent bottle, purse, receptacle for
notes and gold, while outside attached by rings to the cords or straps is

page_text: a small flask; a flap outside covers receptacles for paper, envelopes,
ink, &c., so that in this improved form of courier bag will be found the
requisites and conveniences usually required on a short trip or journey
and which arrangements exist in no other bag.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ECONOMIZING AND ADMINISTERING NITROUS OXIDE OR OTHER GASES FOR DENTAL OR SURGICAL PURPOSES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sugden Crapper at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th January 1872.
I, JOHN SUGDEN CRAPPER, of Broad Street, Hanley, in the County
of Stafford, Manufacturing Dentist, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ECONOMIZING AND
ADMINISTERING NITROUS OXIDE OR OTHER GASES FOR DENTAL OR SURGICAL
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists principally of a tube fitted as a three-wayed
stop-cock made of metal or any other suitable material, giving three
distinct motions different to any other now in use; also the arrange-
ment by which the bottle containing the gas is secured to the container
by an union joint. There is also a metal tray with sponge or other
suitable material for holding lime for purifying the said gas when set
free from the bottle during inhalation and exhalation, and an indian-
rubber bag which becomes inflated by the gas from the bottle. The
whole apparatus can be arranged in the most portable form. The three-
wayed stop-cock above mentioned has motions which may be described
as follows:-
The first motion admitting atmospheric air only to the patient; the

page_text: second motion is for inhaling the gas and exhaling the same to the
external air; the third is for inhaling and exhaling from and to the
purifier and elastic bag; and these three distinct motions are secured
by this Invention without removing the face piece from the mouth;
the whole of the three motions being produced by the action of a small
lever connected with the valves which are formed on a metal or other
'
FUDC.
The lime purifier in this Invention is placed in the container as before
mentioned, and not in the tubings or face piece as hitherto done.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEADINGS AND BORDERINGS FOR WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1872

page_text: .
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Baynes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th April
1872.
I, JOHN BAYNES, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HEADINGS AND BORDERINGS FOR WOVEN FABRICS," to be as follows :—
Headings and borderings for woven fabrics have a twofold use :-
Firstly, they are employed for the purpose of ornament especially
for goods such as shirtings, tanjibs, T cloths, and dhooties, for the
eastern markets; and, secondly, as trade marks to distinguish the goods
of one manufacturer or merchant from those of another. These headings
and borderings have hitherto been produced by weaving colored
yarns, etc., with the piece in its grey state, in which case they were
invariably much deteriorated in brilliancy, and also more or less rotted
in the process of bleaching the goods, or else it was necessary in order
to preserve the colors in their desired brilliancy to bleach the yarn
weaving which is a much more expensive process.
.
before

page_text: My Invention relates to producing such headings or borderings upon
white or bleached goods, and consists principally in producing such
headings or borderings (whether for ornament or for trade marks) by
stitching or embroidering with colored yarns by means of a sewing or
embroidering machine after the goods have been bleached, by which
means I am enabled to produce a brilliancy of effect not heretofore
obtainable, and to employ for that purpose yarns of dyed cotton, wool,
or silk, that could not have been employed with equal effect by any
process hitherto known, and also to use gold or silver thread if desirable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRACKETS AND STOPS FOR LADDERS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Dubbin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th March 1872.
I, DAVID DUBBIN, of Albion Villa, College Park, Lewisham, in the
County of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRACKETS AND STOPS FOR LADDERS," to be as follows:-
In making brackets for ladders I take a frame of iron or other suitable
material, the upper portion of which runs up parallel to the under side
of the ladder or that side nearest the wall, and is bent over at the end so
as to form a hook or stay which rests upon one of the rungs or bars of
the ladder. The lower portion of the said frame is so made or bent that
the upper portion of it forms a horizontal platform, whereon the board
or scaffolding used for working upon rests or is fastened, whilst another
portion of the said frame which is furnished with a hook or stay runs
down parallel to the rungs or bars of the ladder on its outer side or that
side farthest away from the wall, the whole of this portion of the frame
being by preference made or bent in the form of a scalene triangle with
its most obtuse angle downwards. On that portion of the frame or

page_text: bracket forming the platform two points or projections may be placed
which fit into two holes in the board used for working upon, or serve to
keep it in position.
In making stops for ladders I take two bars of iron or other suitable
material united by a tie-piece; one end of each bar is bent or cast down-
wards so as to grasp the board on which the ladder rests, whilst the
other side of each bar is bent or cast upwards, and is furnished with a
flange which serves to keep the ladder in position and prevents it from
shifting.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF NIGHT SOIL AND OTHER REFUSE MATTER
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustav Alsing at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
November 1872.
I, GUSTAV ALSING, Civil Engineer, 8, Bank Place, Preston, Lanca-
shire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF NIGHT SOIL AND OTHER REFUSE MATTER,”
to be as follows:-
In the question of dealing with night soil, sewage, or refuse matter in
general, for the purpose of using it as manure or otherwise, two of the
important points are,—
First. That of fixing one of the elements contained in the aforesaid
night soil, sewage, or other refuse matter, and which is one of those
most desirable for the soil, namely, the ammonia.
And second. That of solidifying the night soil, sewage, or other refuse
matter, thus rendering it in a convenient condition for transport and
immediate use.
These two important points I effect by mixing the herein-before
named night soil, sewage, or other refuse matter with sulphate of lime,

page_text: commonly called gypsum or plaster of Paris, in a given proportion.
This proportion I find to be generally about one part of the gypsum to
three parts of the above named night soil, sewage, or refuse matter.
But inasmuch as it greatly depends on the state of the said night soil,
sewage, or other refuse matter whether it contains more or less water, it 5
will be necessary to add more or less of the said gypsum or plaster of
Paris, which by a few trials easily can be ascertained, and I do not
therefore confine myself to the above proportion of the mixture.
Other ingredients combined with the above said gypsum, such as
cements, unslacked lime, or other minerals and substances may be used 1
for the herein-before named purpose, but I prefer the use of gypsum
by itself.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SUBSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL CHARCOAL
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Robey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
February 1872.
'
I, JAMES ROBEY, of the City of Manchester, Sugar Refiner, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
SUBSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL CHARCOAL," to be as follows:-
:-
The object of this Invention is the production of a substitute for
animal charcoal, which is accomplished by taking peat in a fresh wet
state and moist clay in its natural condition and mixing them intimately
together in the proportion of two to one or thereabouts, which mixture
is then burnt in close vessels and produces a substance yielding from
ten to fourteen per cent. of carbon in a porous body in imitation of
animal charcoal.
This product is intended mainly to be used as a disinfectant and as a
filter for purifying sewages and for other purposes for which animal
charcoal is ordinarily used, such as in decolouring sugar liquids, in
which case a purer clay and more careful manufacture is necessary.

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Robey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
February 1872.
I, JAMES ROBEY, of the City of Manchester, Sugar Refiner, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
SUBSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL CHARCOAL," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the production of a substitute for
animal charcoal, which is accomplished by taking peat in a fresh wet
state and moist clay in its natural condition and mixing them intimately
together in the proportion of two to one or thereabouts, which mixture
is then burnt in close vessels and produces a substance yielding from
ten to fourteen per cent. of carbon in a porous body in imitation of
animal charcoal.
This product is intended mainly to be used as a disinfectant and as a
filter for purifying sewages and for other purposes for which animal
charcoal is ordinarily used, such as in decolouring sugar liquids, in
which case a purer clay and more careful manufacture is necessary.
AN IMPROVED CASE OR BOOK FOR CONTAINING POSTAGE, RECEIPT, AND OTHER STAMPS, AND TICKETS and Labels
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Long at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th May
1872.
I, RICHARD LONG, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CASE OR BOOK
FOR CONTAINING POSTAGE, RECEIPT, AND OTHER STAMPS, AND TICKETS and Labels,”
to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention for an improved case or book for con-
taining postage, receipt, and other stamps, and tickets and labels, is to
construct such cases so as to contain and keep together stamps and other
labels and tickets, and is especially useful as a pocket case for such
articles.
To construct a book or case according to my Invention I take a strip
of suitable material such as card covered with cloth, leather, morocco, or
other similar materials. This strip is cut the width of the labels, or
tickets to be contained in the book or case. The strip is then passed
betweed a pair of sexagon rollers, which in the case of postage or receipt
stamps are made with their sides equal to the length of the stamp.

page_text: When the case is for tickets or other labels the size of rollers are of the
width of such tickets or labels. The strip of prepared material is passed
between the rollers which crease or bend the strip to the widths of the
stamps, labels, or tickets to be contained in the book or case.
The strip
when passed through the rollers is folded in the creases forming a book
An elastic band is passed through one end which stretches over
the closed book or case and keeps it fastened.
or case.
The stamps, labels, or tickets are placed between the creased folds of
the book or case which contains in the case of postage stamps, say four
on each fold. In the case of postage stamps the book or case may
have useful instructions printed on the folds, such as lists of stamp
duties according to Act of Parliament, rates of postage, and similar
information.
A modification of the improved book or case consists in first folding
over the edges of the strip (forming the case), and then passing the strip
through the rollers. The folded edges thus forming a pocket on each
fold of the book or case which will be useful for containing loose stamps,
or stamps of different values, also tickets, or cards when a variety is
required.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR BURNISHING, ROLLING, AND SETTING LEATHER
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Freeman Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th August 1872.
I, GEORGE FREEMAN NEWTON, of Northampton, in the County of
Northampton, Currier and Leather Merchant, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR BURNISHING,
ROLLING, AND SETTING LEATHER," to be as follows:—
The object of my Invention of an improved machine for burnishing,
rolling, and setting leather is to effect these operations in a quicker,
more economical, and better manner, and with less labour than
heretofore. To this end the leather to be operated upon is placed upon
a bed consisting of a block of mahogany or other suitable wood, about
12 inches wide and with a concave curved surface. This wooden block
is secured on a moveable table or plate, but with blocks of india-rubber
interposed between the wooden block and table. The moveable table
with its wooden bed block is held down on a fixed table by means of
flat springs, which act on screw nuts on short rods or studs fixed to the
under side of the moveable table, and which pass down through holes

page_text: made in the fixed table. The central part of each spring bears on a
bar, which connects the two screw rods together. Below the bars, and
immediately beneath the central part of each of the flat springs, is an
excentric, on one end of the shaft of which is mounted a treadle lever,
by depressing which, and thereby turning the excentrics, the moveable
table and wooden bed block can be raised in a vertical direction.
The burnishing or rubbing action is effected by means of a series of
burnishing blocks, rubbers, or rollers, which are mounted on the
periphery of a large wheel, which rotates vertically and is driven by
steam or other motive power at the rate of from 40 to 50 revolutions
per minute. As the burnishing wheel rotates and brings round the
rubbers in succession the attendant will move forward the leather on
the curved bed block, and at the same time by depressing the treadle
lever with his foot he will be enabled to bring any desired pressure to
act on the leather.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR STACKING OR UNSTACKING HAY, STRAW, AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Warnes and William
Mitchell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 11th July 1872.
We, WILLIAM WARNES, of Kings Lynn, in the County of Norfolk,
and WILLIAM MITCHELL, of Brandon, in the County of Suffolk, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR STACKING OR UNSTACKING HAY, STRAW, AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to light and portable apparatus for raising or
depositing hay, straw, clover, and other similar agricultural produce of a
bulky nature requiring to be stacked or loaded into waggons.
According to our Invention we erect a pair of sheers, from which the
apparatus of our Invention is suspended, suitably guy ropes being
employed to keep the sheers in the proper position, which is preferably
inclined slightly over the stack. To facilitate erecting the apparatus,
the sheers are pivoted at their lower ends to foot pieces firmly driven
into the ground.
The apparatus for lifting the hay or other material to be stacked
consists of a pair of curved or bent forks, each consisting of two or more

page_text: prongs bent to the desired form and united to an eye, through which
runs a loop of chain or rope connected to a rope passing over a block at
the top of the sheers. The two forks are thus connected together by the
loop of chain or rope, and may be separated by hand so as to embrace
a large bulk of the material to be raised.
A horse may be harnessed to the rope or chain by which the apparatus
is suspended, or it may pass from the block or pulley at the top of the
sheers to a drum operated by hand or steam power.
The forks being placed by hand on opposite sides of the load to be
raised are drawn together by the tension of the rope or chain so as to
embrace a large quantity, and when the rope or chain is slackened the
forks can be readily separated and the load released.
Instead of a pair of sheer legs, one leg may consist of a ladder of the
construction for which the said William Mitchell has obtained Provisional
Protection, dated July 2nd, 1872, No. 2005.
IMPROVED METHODS OF PROTECTING THE HUMAN HEAD FROM SOLAR HEAT
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Macintosh and William
Boggett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 11th December 1872.
We, JOHN MACINTOSH, of Bayswater, and WILLIAM BOGGETT, of
Chelsea, both in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVED METHODS OF PROTECTING THE HUMAN
HEAD FROM SOLAR HEAT," to be as follows:-
In the Specification of Letters Patent granted to us dated 17th
January 1872, No. 137, we described a method of protecting the human
head from solar heat by means of india-rubber air chambers inserted in
the inside of hats or other coverings for the head, and air tubes applied
on the outside; and in the Provisional Specification of Letters Patent
applied for by us dated 7th October 1872, No. 2947, we claim the use
of prepared animal intestines for the same purpose, confined air being
know to offer great resistance to the transmission of heat.
Our present Invention is intended to simplify the construction and
lessen the cost of air chambers employed for the above purpose by
making them of any light materials, such as cloth or paper made air-
tight.

page_text: Such chambers are readily formed according to our improvements by
means of the lining or by fixing air-tight discs in hats or other head
gear. Tubes of light materials can also be used for the outside of hats
or other coverings for the head in accordance with our improvements.
Our Invention also embraces the application to head gear of materials
having a resplendent surface, such as tinfoil, which by reflecting heat
greatly diminishes its effect. In some cases according to our improve-
ments we employ layers an inch or more in thickness of eider down,
muslin, or other bad conductors of heat for the above purpose.