Hydro-carbon Burners.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Nov., 1896-Accepted, 16th Jan., 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Hydro-carbon Burners.
We, WILLIAM ROBERT JEAVONS, Manufacturer, residing at 1192 Woodland
Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, and JOHN ADAM LANNERT, Manufacturer, residing at
79 Beech Street, Cleveland, Ohio, do hereby declare the nature of this invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our invention relates to the class of vapor burners having a suitable com-
bustion chamber and in which the vapor for combustion is supplied by means of a
wick.
Several objectionable features are found in many forms of burners of this class
which this invention is designed to overcome, as, for example, the heating of the
wick tube to a dangerous degree, together with an uncontrolable variation in the
height of the flame, which is notably affected by any change in the temperature of
the wick tube; second, the creeping of the oil over the perforated walls and parts
while the burner is idle and occasioning an almost unbearable odor on again being
heated; third, the defective flame which has followed when a flat wick and corre-
sponding combustion chamber were used, the flame uut filling the chamber evenly
from side to side but shooting up to an extended point or tongue and issuing from
the chamber in the center only; fourth, the disagreeable odor when the flame was
turned out because the heated condition of the wick tube and part would for a
considerable time vaporize a measure of oil from the turned down wick and give
the vapor off into the atmosphere.
The object of our invention is to provide a burner in which all of these and
other like defects are obviated, and our invention therefore consists in the con-
struction and combination of parts as hereinafter more fully described and
particularly pointed out in the claims.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is a central, vertical, sectional elevation of a vapor burner constructed and
arranged in accordance with our invention.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal, section on the line 1, 1, of Fig. 4.
Fig. 3 is a plan view of the burner.
Fig. 4 is a transverse section on line, 4, 4, of Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the combustion tube, and
Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a fragment of a modified form of combustion
tube.
Like letters of reference indicate like elements in the several figures.
In Fig. 1, A is the oil reservoir and a the wick tube, as usual. The wick is
raised and lowered by spur wheel a¹ in the usual manner. B is what we prefer to
term a vaporizer, which is supported above the wick tube proper relatively about
as shown and substantially insulated therefrom, thereby, preventing the conduction
of heat to the wick tube, at least in any such degree as to bring said tube also to a
vaporizing temperature, and incidentally producing a construction which prevents
creeping of the oil over the burner. The said vaporizer, B, has a walled passage b
with substantially parallel sides, as shown, so that the wick, when withdrawn more
or less into the said passage b for the maintenance of a low flame, will still
close the passage against the entrance of air. The lower part of the said
passage is flared outwardly, substantially as shown, to facilitate the entrance of
the wick.

page_text: The part B is provided on top with a seat 6, for holding the combustion tube C
in proper position about the passage or wick opening ', and also is provided
with air openings as shown at 6, Figures. 1 and 4, for supplying a limited
quantity of air to the air chamber E', formed by casing E about the combustion
tube.
If preferred, the plate or part B might be flat or substantially flat, and the
walled passage b might extend more or less above its immediately surrounding
surface, and other modifications of this part might be made and still not materially
change its character in the burner. As shown, said part B forms the bottom for
the combustion chamber and for the surrounding air chamber, as well, but is
substantially out of heat conducting connection with the wick tube. This is a
great advantage in operation, because thereby the said part does not lose heat by
conduction to the wick tube proper, and hence, becomes more quickly heated to
vaporizing condition and attains to a higher and more constant temperature than
would occur otherwise, and rendering the vaporizing conditions about the exposed
end of the wick more constant than is possible where the heat may be subtracted
from this point by easy conduction and diffused over larger surfaces. It will also
be clear that in devices where the wick tube heats excessively, as occurs where a
perforated combustion chamber is used, considerable vaporization will occur in the
wick tube, and under some conditions of use, as in baking, where the parts become
highly heated, the flame will continue to burn even with the wick turned down far.
into the tube. But by the arrangement of the vaporizer as herein described all
trouble and danger from this source is avoided, because though the vaporizer
becomes highly heated, as desired, to promote vaporization of the oil, the com-
paratively cool wick tube below into which the wick is turned when the burner is
extinguished, at once stops vaporization.
The frame part D is seated on the outer edge of plate B, and is hinged thereto,
as shown at h, and held down by catch k. The part D carries the casing E, and
the top casting F surmounts the said casing, and the bolts G connect the top
casting F with the bottom part D.
A portion of the frame D projects inwardly as shown at d, Figs. 2 and 4, to form
a support for the combustion tube C, at its lower portion, said tube having a bead
or beads c, or the like, to engage with said frame.
The top casting F engages the upper portion of the combustion tube in a like
manner at ff, and thus the tube cie securely held in the chamber E' against
displacement.
We have discovered that in this form of burner, if the combustion tube be
constructed about its narrow sides or edges, as indicated by 2, so as to supply
relatively less air to the combustion chamber than is supplied over an equal area
on the broad' side 4, the flame will fill the chamber evenly from edge to edge across
the said chamber and produce the best possible results, whereas, if the air supply
be the same substantially over the entire surface of the tube, the flame will develop
largely at the center of the chamber and shoot up in a long tongue. This of course
is very objectionable and is wholly overcome by limiting the air supply at the
edges of the tube as at 2, in Fig. 5, and at the corresponding edge 6, in Fig. 6.
The edge of the burner or combustion chamber, as it is understood in this instance,
lies outside the dotted line 5, 5, Fig. 5. This edge comprises one row of
perforations at each side, and a plain edge proper, and obviously if the portion of
the tube between the dotted lines on both sides were flattened out, it would show
only about two-fifths as many openings as the corresponding area on the broad
side 4. It is somewhere about this proportion that should be observed in the air
supply at edge and side to get the result already described. The same effect
might be obtained by varying the size of the air holes and by other ways that
might be suggested.
The top casting F projects over the top of the air chamber E', and is provided
with openings f, f, Figs. 2 and 3, to permit a limited quantity of air to pass
through.

page_text: The function of this plate is to retard the free flow of air from the air chamber E',.
so that some measure of air will be forced through the perforations into the
combustion chamber at its upper portion. The openings f, f, permit currents.
of air through chamber E', and thus serve to keep the walls of the combustion
chamber at a lowered temperature. To contribute to this end the openings f¹, f¹,.
are placed close to the combustion walls. The said openings being close to the
combustion walls direct the escaping heated air to the flame issuing from the
combustion chamber, thus contributing to more perfect combustion.
These
openings may be larger or smaller, but their total open area should be in certain
ratio to the area of opening through the wick plate, the character of the flame,.
and the temperature of the chamber walls being the criterion by which to adjust
the air inflow and outflow. These openings, f1, f, if desired, may take the form of
a continuous slot of proper width or other equivalent form.
In operation, the casing carrying the combustion chamber is tilted on hinges h
to afford access to the wick, which must be turned up through the vaporizer B for
ignition, and when the parts are restored to place for use the catch k comes into
engagement. The burner being lighted and the parts returned to place, a blue
flame occurs in the combustion tube and emerges evenly from the top thereof as
the chamber becomes fully heated. With low flame the wick rests within the
passage of the vaporizer B, about one-fourth of an inch below its top, so that the
wick has no outside exposure. In turning the fire completely out the wick is
withdrawn entirely from the vaporizer B into the wick tube a, which, by reason of
its being substantially separated from the vaporizer, does not become unduly
heated even after a long use of the burner. Furthermore, the possibility of the oik
creeping over the burner parts and producing disagreeable odors first or last is cut
off, and the oil is positively confined where no odors can be generated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:
1. In a vapor burner, a wick tube and a vaporizer above said tube adapted to
receive the wick, and substantially insulated from said tube, substantially as set.
forth.
2. In vapor burners, a wick tube, and a vaporizer constructed to receive the top.
of the wick, and arranged above said tube in such position as to prevent extreme
heating of the tube from the vaporizer, and means to withdraw the wick from the
vaporizer into said tube, substantially as set forth.
3. A vapor burner having a suitable combustion chamber, a wick tube, and an
oil vaporizer between said chamber and tube and substantially insulated from said
tube, substantially as described.
4. A vapor burner in which a wick is used, comprising a vaporizer constructed
to receive the top of the wick when combustion takes place, a wick tube, means to
carry the wick into and out of the vaporizer, and a combustion chamber,.
substantially as set forth.
5. In a vapor burner using a wick, a vaporizer adapted to receive the top end
of the wick when combustion takes place, and means to carry the wick into
the vaporizer and to withdraw it wholly therefrom, substantially as set forth.
6. In a vapor burner, a vaporizer having an opening to receive the wick flared
outwardly at its bottom, and a wick tube substantially insulated from said vaporizer,.
substantially as set forth.
7. In a vapor burner, a wick tube, a combustion tube, and a member above said
wick tube, having a walled passage for the wick, and a seat for the combustion
tube and means to withdraw the wick from the passage in said member, substantially
as set forth.
8. In the burner described, the combination with the wick tube and the per-
forated combustion tube, of a vaporizer provided with a wick passage and a seat
about its top for the combustion tube, said wick tube and vaporizer being

page_text: substantially out of heat conducting contact with each other, substantially as set
forth.
9. In a vapor burner, a combustion tube provided with perforations 80 arranged
with reference to the flame that more air relatively is supplied to the sides than to
the edges of the flame, substantially as set forth.
10. In a vapor burner, a perforated combustion tube having relatively broad
sides and narrow edges, and a larger area of air openings in the middle portion
than at the edges thereof, whereby the inflow of air at the edges is limited,
substantially as set forth.
11. In a vapor burner, a perforated combustion tube of greater width than
depth and having imperforate portions at the immediate edges of the tube extending
from top to bottom, whereby air is excluded at said edges, substantially as set
forth.
12. In a vapor burner of the kind described, the wick tube, the perforated com-
bustion tube seated above said wick tube, the casing forming an air chamber about
said combustion tube, and a cover closing the top of said air chamber having one or
more openings for the passage of a limited quantity of air, substantially as set
forth.
13. The burner described having a perforated combustion tube, a casing about
said tube forming an air chamber between said parts, and a plate over the top of
said chamber about said combustion tube having a passage for the escape of air
from said chamber, substantially as set forth.
14. The combination of the perforated combustion tube, the casing about the
same, a perforated part forming a support for said tube and casing, and a plate
across the top of said casing having an opening for the combustion tube, and an
outlet for air from the chamber between said casing and tube, substantially as set
forth.
15. The perforated combustion tube and the casing about the same, in com-
bination with a perforated part forming a bottom for said tube and casing and a
plate about the top of said top constructed to check and limit the outflow of air
from the air chamber, substantially as set forth.
16. The perforated combustion tube and casing about the same, in combination
with plate D provided with projections to support said tube against lateral
movement, substantially as set forth.
17. The perforated combustion tube and the casing about the same, in com-
bination with a perforated part forming a bottom for said tube and said casing,
substantially as set forth.
Cleveland, Ohio, October 19th 1896.
WILLIAM ROBERT JEAVONS.
JOHN ADAM LANNERT.