IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH SPINNING MACHINERY
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Gardner, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and
Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH SPINNING MACHINERY."
A communication from abroad by Auguste Huart, of Paris, Fiance.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Gardner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th September 1876.
HENRY GARDNER, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and Company, of 160,
Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
CONNECTED WITH SPINNING MACHINERY.”
This Invention has for object the employment of two jointed pieces to each flyer,
serving to hold the thread behind the pressure cylinder and to regulate the tension
and to indicate the broken threads.
2ndly. Of a metallic ring on the flyer head to hinder the passage of the thread
and to prevent it touching the upper edge or projection of the bobbin (canelle).
3rdly. Of a porcelain bead to replace the pig tail or twizzle at the end of the
flyer legs.
The chief advantages of this Invention are for the first part to avoid waste, to
absolutely prevent doublings (mariages) of two single threads (fils simples), to give
to the thread a slight and regular tension between the pressure cylinder and the
jointed pieces, to indicate plainly when a thread is broken; for the second part to
permit the employment of notched, slit, or rough (rugueuses) edged bobbins and of
a disc above, on which the thread may un to diminish the breaking of the threads;
and for the 3rd part, to dispense with the pig tail or twizzle of the flyers, which
occasion waste by wearing out at the place where the thi cad passes, and the
maintenance of which is difficult and costly; and lastly, to considerably augment
the production and reduce the stoppages and thus the number of work people to be
employed.
In the ordinary mode of using flyers for taking the threads from pressure rollers in
spinning machines it is found that when one thread breaks between the roller or
cylinder and the pin it always flies to the neighbouring threads and causes double
threads, and in all cases inevitably causes waste, which varies fiom 3 to 6 per cent.,
[Price 6d.

page_text: according to the strength of the thread employed; these doublings are avoided, and
also all waste by an instantaneous taking up of a broken thread behind the cylinder
when it breaks at the front or twists in the eye formed in the lever of jointed
pieces. This result is obtained by means of a rocking motion of the jointed pieces
which are in contact with the thread in front of and behind the call cylinder. It
will be understood that this part of the Invention is applicable to all apparatus for
stopping the thread behind the call cylinder at the moment when the thread breaks
or softens between the cylinder and the jointed pieces.
2ndly. The friction of the thread upon the upper edge of the wooden bobbin
being one of the chief causes of the breakage of the threads in spinning machinery
a little metallic ring or disc is fitted upon the upper part of the flyer head, so as to
prevent the contact of the thread with the upper part of the bobbin. This piece
can be separate from or form part of the flyer, and can be modified in any way, so
long as it has a form which applied towards the top of the pin or the flyer prevents
the thread from touching the upper part of the bobbins. This improvement thus
permits the employment of slit, notched, or rough bobbins.
To prevent the breakage of the threads between the cylinder and the pin I
suppress the pigtail or spiral wire guide of the flyer which cuts the thread, and in
addition does not allow knots or enlargements to pass, whereby the thread is
strangled. This is replaced by a thread guide of smooth and hard material, such as
enamelled porcelain, ordinary or tempered glass, or any other hard similar material';
for this purpose the branches or legs of the flyer are arranged to receive the
porcelain guides, which can be put into their place by the workwoman herself. This
guide of hard and smooth material offers the thread a larger surface of support with
less friction, which makes its duration very long. The samne system of guides can
be applied behind the cylinder.
The threads are passed and attached without attention to the apparatus; as soon
as the thread proceeds and it has the tension desired one presses upon the lever end
of the jointed piece to place the thread through it The depression of one piece
tends to raise at the same time the piece on the front which hooks itself on a step
fitted beneath the tringle, the thread places itself alone under the head of the
piece.
When the thread breaks or slackens between the cylinder and the jointed pieces
the lever end rocks and releases the piece at the front, the head of which falls and
fits into the groove in the tringle, drawing the thread with it, which it holds, the
end of the broken thread is raised by the point of the lower end above the level of
the cylinder, and it is then led to roll itself around the said cylinder to ultimately
fall upon the frame or to be taken by the roller, according to the system of machine
to which it is fitted
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by 4
the said Henry Gardner in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th March
1877.
HENRY GARDNER, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and Company, of 166,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
Fleet Strret, in the City of London, Patent Agents
CONNECTED WITH SPINNING MACHINERY." A communication from abroad by
Auguste Huart, of Paris, France.
This Invention applies to all machines having for object to hold the thread behind
the pressure or take-off cylinder directly this thread breaks, softens, or weakens
between the said cylinder and the spindle.
Firstly. When the thread breaks between the cylinder and the spindle it nearly
always flies upon the adjoining threads and makes double threads, and in every
case it inevitably causes a waste, which varies from 3 to 6 per cent., according to
the strength of the thread employed.

page_text: By this Invention these doublings and also all waste are avoided by instantaneously
breaking the thread behind the cylinder directly it breaks in front or that it winds
on the top of the spindle. This result is obtained by means of a rocking motion,
the pieces of which are in contact with the thread, both in front and behind the
pressure or take-off cylinder, as shown Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the Drawing,
Fig. 1 being a side elevation of apparatus when the thread is stretched; Fig. 2, same
view at the moment the thread breaks; Fig 3, front view of apparatus with thread
stretched; and Fig 4, longitudinal elevation or front view of Fig. 2'; N indicating
the take-off cylinder; M, the top roller; D, wooden bars; B, B¹, moveable piece,
the flat stem of which slides in the wooden bar D; C, C¹, rocking lever acting on
the thread and on the piece B, B¹; P, H, small iron band fixed to the bar D;
A, A³, iron ring or disc fixed to the flyer; I, I', wooden pirn, bobbin, or spool, upon
which the thread winds.
The threads are passed and refastened without attention to the machine; directly
the threads travels and is under the requisite tension pressure is brought on to the
end C of the piece C¹ to place it under the thread, and at the same time lift the
piece B, B¹, causing it to hook on at H to the band P, H, which is at the bottom of
the bar D, the thread placing itself under the head of the piece.
Directly the thread breaks or softens between the cylinder and the spindle
(see Figure 2) the piece C, C¹, rocks, unhooks the piece B, B¹, the head B of which
enters the groove of the bar D, carrying with it the thread which held in this way
instantly breaks. The end of the thread broken at F, F, is lifted by the point C
above the cylinders; it is thus led to wind on the said cylinder, to fall on to the
fixed frame, or be taken by the cleaning roller, according to the kind of spinning
machine. This apparatus may be applied to self-acting mules for doubling and
twisting
Secondly. On the other hand the friction of the thread upon the upper edge I of
the wooden spool being one of the main causes of the breakage of the threads this
friction is avoided by fitting a small ring A, A¹, (Figures 1, 3, 4,) upon the upper
part of the flyer, so as to prevent contact of the thread with the upper plate of the
spool; these pieces may be separated or of one piece with the flyer, and may be
modified as may be desired, provided always that it remains an arrangement
which applied near the top of the spindle or of the flyer has for object to keep the
thread from touching the upper plate of the spool. This modification permits the
use of split, notched, or rough-surfaced pirns or spools.
Thirdly. To prevent the breakage of the threads between the cylinder and the
spindle the spiral guide thread O of the flyer (Figure 5) (which cuts by the passage
of the thread, and therefore no longer gives passage to knots or thicknesses and
strangles the thread) is done away with and replaced by a guide thread R (Figures 1
and 2) made of a smooth and hard material such as enameled porcelain, and for this
purpose the end of the arms or branches of the flyer has been modified in such
a manner as to receive the porcelain guide, which may be removed and replaced by
the work woman herself.
Fourthly. In side view Figure 6 and plan views Figs. 7 and 8, A¹¹, I, B, is a
simple wire, the end B of which carries a hook in which the thread is placed, and the
end A a small piece of leather O¹ thinned towards the take-off cylinder. This
wire A, I, B, winds at I on an iron rod extending from one end to the other of
the twiner, and which serves as axle to all the hooks.
The action of this little apparatus will be seen at a glance. If the thread breaks
between the cylinders and the spindle the hook B being no longer held falls, and the
piece of leather O³ is by this movement brought above the threads between the
cylinder N and this top roller M. Thus the top roller is lifted and separated from
the cylinder is therefore stopped, and bears with its entire weight upon the threads
placed between it and the piece of leather O¹.
It will be understood that in this way the thread is instantly stopped and that
therefore double threads running in of a strange thread or defective twisting single
threads and waste are prevented.

page_text: This improvement in throstles gives a considerable; saving of waste, increases the
production by sensibly lessening the breaking of threads, and entirely does away
with double threads, which the workwoman has hitherto been obliged to unwind
by hand.
J
The cost of applying the apparatuses above described is very small; each of them 5
may be modified to suit different systems of throstles, but not one of them is
applicable indifferentially to all systems, although all are on the same principle.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of the said Invention communi-
cated to me as aforesaid, and in (what manner the samne is or may be performed; I
would have it understood that; I do not confine myself to the precise details above 1
given and illustrated on the, accompanying Sheet of Drawing, as such may be
varied while retaining the essential features of this Invention, and that I claim as
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent,
Firstly. The reciprocal relation of the breaking of the thread, in front of and
behind the cylinders and the means for effecting this object, substantially as herein-
before described, or other analogous means.
Secondly. Guarding the upper part of the spindle by a disc with smooth edge,
upon which the thread passes without touching the upper edge of the spool or pirn.
Thirdly. The application of porcelain, glass, or other suitable smooth and hard
material, to the manufacture of the guide threads substituted for the spiral guide or 2
twizzle in ordinary use.
Fourthly. The combination of the wire A", I, B, and piece of leather O¹, and the
application of the apparatus thus formed, substantially as heroin-before described
and shown, Figures 6, 7, and 8 of the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said .Henry Gardner, have hereunto set my hand a
and scal, this Third day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven.