Improvements relating to Apparatus for Burning Liquid Fuel.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 20th June, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 20th Apr., 1891--Accepted, 13th June, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Apparatus for Burning Liquid Fuel.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD SMITH, of 33 Bedford Square, Brighton, in the County
of Sussex Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to apparatus for burning liquid fuel.
An important feature in my said invention is the provision of improved means
for thoroughly intermingling or commixing the sprayed, vaporized, or atomized
hydrocarbon or other liquid fuel with air before the discharge thereof into the
combustion chamber or furnace.
Another important feature in my said invention consists in improved means for
heating the said air previous to its admixture with the said sprayed, atomized, or
vaporized hydrocarbon or other liquid fuel.
My said invention comprises moreover various improvements relating to the
application of apparatus for burning hydrocarbons or other liquid fuel to steam
boilers or other furnaces or combustion chambers.
In carrying my said invention into practice I provide a suitable casing or shield
having a cylindrically shaped central chamber surrounded by an annular or outer
chamber. Or the said chambers may be formed of any other suitable shape.
The said central cylindrical or other suitably shaped chamber is open at one
extremity and is closed at the other by a suitable door or plate, and the annular or
outer chamber is closed at one extremity by the said door or plate and at the other
by a flange having a suitable cylindrical or other extension intended to be secured
in the brickwork or wall of the combustion chamber or furnace to which the
apparatus is applied. In this plate or door which forms the rear wall of the said
cylindrical chamber is provided a hole or aperture into which the nozzle of the
injector for supplying the atomized, sprayed or vaporized hydrocarbon or other
liquid fuel (which may be of any suitable construction) is arranged to project
slightly. In the said plate or door and round the said nozzle aperture are provided
morcover other holes or apertures for the admission of air to the said cylindrical or
other central chamber, and to the annular or outer chamber a suitable sliding plate
In the side walls
or door is provided for regulating the admission of the said air.
of the said cylindrical or other central chamber, or mixing chamber are provided
longitudinal slots or apertures communicating with the above mentioned annular or
outer chamber. Other slots or apertures are provided in the outer side walls of the
said annular chamber for the admission of air.
For heating the said air during its passage through the outer annular chamber
to the cylindrical or other central chamber or mixing chamber and previous to its
admixture with the sprayed, vaporized, or atomized hydrocarbon or other liquid
fuel passing through the said chamber I provide in the said annular or other outer
chamber a suitable coil through which 1 pass the steam intended for use in the
liquid fuel injector. The said steam preferably superheated or surcharged to a
high temperature by passing through a coil or pipe arranged in the combustion
chamber or furnace or elsewhere before being employed in the said injector. The
heat taken up by the air during the passage of the said steam through the coil in
the said annular, outer, or air chamber is thus restored. In some instances the said
steam is also superheated or surcharged in a similar manner before being passed
through the said coil, as well as after leaving the latter.
To prevent the air from passing too rapidly through the said annular, outer, or
air-chamber and not being sufficiently heated by the coil therein I provide a
covering of wire gauze or the like over the herein before mentioned slots or

page_text: apertures communicating between the said annular, outer, or air chamber and the
cylindrical, or other central chamber. Suitable sliding plates or other convenient
means are provided moreover for regulating the admission of air through the slots
or apertures in the outer side walls of the said annular outer or air chamber.
Wire gauze, netting, a perforated plate or diaphragm or the like is provided in
the open or free end of the cylindrical or other central chamber for further and
more thoroughly mixing and breaking up the sprayed, vaporized or atomized liquid
fuel and air, and preventing the formation of a blow pipe flame, and suitable
apertures regulated by a sliding door, plate or other convenient means are formed
in the hereinbefore mentioned flange for admitting a further supply of air to the
cylindrical or other extension.
The said cylindrical or other central chamber or mixing chamber, the annular,
outer or air chamber, and the flange and cylindrical extension are preferably cast
in one piece and of any suitable metal. They may however be cast or formed in
any convenient number of separate parts.
In some instances I provide for heating the air intended for admixture with the
atomized or vaporized hydrocarbon or other liquid fuel by means of a pipe one
extremity of which communicates with the hereinbefore described outer, annular
or air chamber or directly with the cylindrical or mixing chamber, and the other
extremity of which is open to the atmosphere. This pipe is passed through the
combustion chamber or one of the flues of the boiler or communicates with a coil
placed in the said combustion chamber or flue so as to raise the air passing there-
through to the said annular, outer or air chamber and cylindrical or other central
chamber or mixing chamber to a high temperature.
I sometimes dispense with the hereinbefore mentioned coil in the annular outer
or air chamber, and the apertures in the outer walls of the latter for the admission
of air. And I provide suitable bent or U-shaped pipes each of which is connected
at one extremity to the hereinbefore mentioned flange and communicates with the
atmosphere, and the other extremity whereof is connected with and has free com-
munication to the said annular, outer or air chamber. The said pipes extend into
or through the cylindrical extension upon the flange, and are preferably stayed or
otherwise supported to prevent their giving way or sagging from overheating. It
will be seen that the atmospheric air will enter the said pipes and becoming heated
therein will be drawn into the hereinbefore mentioned annular outer or air chamber
and into the cylindrical or other central chamber owing to the suction created by
the injector.
In applying my improved apparatus to an ordinary single flue or Cornish boiler
the usual furnace door is removed and the front of the flue is built up with fire-
bricks. The said flue is provided moreover for a suitable distance with a firebrick
covering or lining extending half or approximately half round the interior wall
thereof, and with an arch extending for a short distance from the front or end of
the flue and forming a channel or passage which serves for guiding the flame and
causing a complete intermingling of the air with the gases. The complete inter-
mingling of the air with the liquid fuel having been previously performed in the
mixing chamber as hereinbefore described. An inclined plane or surface sloping
inwardly from the front or tube plate of the boiler and provided with a curved
or V-shaped air passage or flue one extremity of which opens into the interior of
the boiler flue and the other extremity of which communicates with the exterior of
the boiler through two or other suitable number of apertures provided with doors
by means of which the admission of air can be regulated as desired, is moreover
provided. The air from the exterior having to pass through the said curved
V-shaped passage or flue in the heated firebricks will be raised to a considerable
temperature before reaching the combustion chamber or furnace and the admission
of cold air thereto is thus obviated. Suitable apertures are provided in the said
firebricks in the front part of the flue into which the cylindrical extension or
nozzle casing or shield of the hereinbefore described central or mixing chamber
projects slightly. The said cylindrical extension nozzle casing or shield is fitted

page_text: with a plate or flange which may be provided with air holes or apertures having an
adjustable slide or door for closing or partly closing the same.
The said plate
serves moreover for forming a tight joint between the said nozzle or casing and the
brickwork. A spy hole is also provided with a sliding or other door through
which the state of combustion in the flue may be observed. The injector or burner
is preferably supported by the oil pipe and the steam pipe which are provided with
jointed unions secured to a plate (intended to be attached to the boiler setting) so
that the said burner can be swung or moved away from the boiler face when
desired.
The said oil and steam pipe are provided with suitable stop cocks or valves which
are preferably arranged upon the fixed or stationary portions of the said pipes for
the sake of lightness. A connecting pipe or bye-pass governed by a stop cock or
valve is moreover provided by means of which steam can be admitted to and blown
through the burner for cleansing purposes. The steam pipe of the burner is pre-
ferably carried into the flue and is bent so as to form one or more coils in passing
through which the said steam will be highly surcharged or superheated and the
efficiency of the apparatus thereby greatly increased. In some instances I employ
two or more injectors or burners.
In applying my improved apparatus to a locomotive boiler, the fire bars are
removed and the fire brick lining or covering and arch or arches are built in the
ash pan. Two burners are preferably employed in a locomotive fire-box and an
arch is provided for each of the said burners. The air passage or flue is formed in
the fire brick lining and runs round the walls of the said fire-box at the sides and
in the rear.
An aperture is provided in the said rear part of the fire-box for the
admission of air to the said flue. The said aperture is provided with a hinged or
pivoted door which can be operated from the front plate by means of a rod having
a suitable handle. Another hinged or pivoted door provided with a rod having a
handle by means of which it can also be adjusted or regulated from the said foot-
plate so as to admit more or less air to the burner, is also provided.
The hereinbefore mentioned flange carrying the outer or air chamber and the
central or mixing chamber is in this case preferably formed with a base plate or
bracket by means of which it is secured in position in the ash-pan. A bridge,
check, or shield formed of fire-brick fire-clay or the like and provided with holes
is built in the fire box of the tube plate. The said bridge, check, or shield is
curved or arched so as to form a kind of hood extending over the said lining or
covering in the bottom of the fire box and partially over the said arch or arches.
The flames from the burner or burners will impinge against the said bridge check
or shield and pass up through the said holes to the tubes of the boiler thus avoiding
injury to the said tubes or to the tube plate from overheating. The stop cock or
valve for regulating the supply of oil is preferably placed beneath the footplate and
is provided with an extended stem and hand wheel by means of which it can be
operated from the said foot plate.
Moreover although I have herein before described convenient and advantageous
methods of carrying my said invention into practice it is obvious that I can some-
what modify the construction of my improved shield or casing intended for use
with apparatus for burning liquid fuel, without however in any way departing from
the nature of my said invention. For instance I sometimes provide upon the open
or free extremity of the said cylindrical extension a grating or a perforated plate
or wire or other netting or diaphragm similar to that upon the mouth or open
extremity of the cylindrical or mixing chamber, or 1 provide one or more of the
said gratings partitions or diaphragms of wire or other netting in the said
cylindrical or other central chamber or mixing chamber. I sometimes form the
herein before mentioned cylindrical extension longer and provide therein one or
more steam coils for heating the air admitted to the said cylindrical extension
through the hereinbefore described adjustable apertures. I sometimes provide bent
or U-shaped pipes similar to those described for heating the air supplied to the
cylindrical or other central or mixing chamber for supplying heated air to the

page_text: hereinbefore described cylindrical extension. In this case every alternate pipe may
be arranged to open into the said cylindrical extension so as to supply air thereto.
I preferably arrange the outer or air chamber and the central or mixing chamber
outside the front plate or surface of the boiler or furnace. In some instances
however I arrange the whole apparatus inside the boiler or furnace in which case
the flange for securing the said apparatus in position will take the place of the door
or external plate and form the rear wall of the said cylindrical chambers. The
burner in this case is arranged to project slightly into the said flange or front plate
which is secured to the brickwork or other surface.
Dated this 20th day of June 1890.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Apparatus for Burning Liquid Fuel.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD SMITH, of 33 Bedford Square, Brighton, in the County
of Sussex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to apparatus for burning liquid fuel.
The main object of my said invention is to provide an apparatus for use with a
liquid fuel injector whereby the sprayed vaporized or atomized hydrocarbon or other
liquid fuel discharged from the said injector is thoroughly intermingled or commixed
with air, preferably heated air, before the delivery thereof into the combustion
chamber or furnace.
My said invention comprises various improvements relating to the construction of
the said apparatus and to the application of the same to steam boiler and other
furnaces or combustion-chambers.
In the accompanying drawings, I have shown how my said invention may be
conveniently and advantageously carried into practice.
Figure 1 is a side elevation.
Figures 2 and 3 are end elevations, and
Figure 4 is a vertical central section on the line aa, Figures 2 and 3 illustrating
one form of my improved apparatus.
Figures 5, 6 and 7 are similar views to Figures 1, 2 and 3, and
Figure 8 is a section on the line y y, Figures 6 and 7 illustrating a modification
thereof.
Figure 9 is an end elevation, and
Figure 10 is a horizontal section on the line, Figure 9, showing a further
modification.
Figure 11 is a similar view to Figure 10 showing a still further modification.
Figure 12 is a front elevation, and
Figure 13 is a section on the line, Figure 12 showing an improved method
of applying apparatus for the consumption of liquid fuel to an ordinary single flue
Cornish boiler.
Figure 14 is a similar view to Figure 13 showing a slight modification.
Figure 15 is a vertical section showing an application thereof to a locomotive
boiler.
Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawings.
A is the injector for the hydrocarbon which may be of any suitable description;
B is a cylindrical casing or shell having arranged within it a cylindrical central
chamber B which serves as a mixing chamber. B2 is an annular or outer chamber
surrounding the said central chamber or mixing chamber B', and formed by the

page_text: space between the outer walls of the latter and the inner walls of the casing or
shell B.
The cylindrical central chamber B is open at one extremity and is closed at
the other by a suitable door or plate C, and the annular or outer chamber B3ª is
closed at one extremity by the said door or plate C and at the other by a square or
other suitably shaped plate or flange B3 firmly secured to or formed on the said
cylindrical central chamber B' and cylindrical casing or shell B. B is a cylindrical
or tubular extension firmly secured to or formed on the said flange 13 and intended
to be secured or built into the brickwork or wall of the combustion chamber or
furnace to which the apparatus is applied. B 13* are holes through which bolts
may be passed for securing the plate or flange B³ to the said brickwork. C is a
hole or aperture in the plate or door C forming the rear wall of the said cylindrical
chamber into which the nozzle of the injector A for supplying the atomized sprayed
or vaporized hydrocarbon or other liquid fuel is arranged to extend slightly. The
said injector may be either secured in the hole or aperture in the said plate or
door by means of screw threads or otherwise, or simply arranged to project
loosely therein. CC are other holes or apertures in the said plate or cover C
round the said nozzle aperture C for the admission of air to the cylindrical or other
central chamber B'. D is a plate or door supported so as to be capable of moving
or sliding freely upon the plate or cover C by means of slots D' and screws D² or
in any other suitable manner. The said plate or door D moreover is provided with
holes or apertures D³ corresponding with the holes or apertures C² in the plate or
cover C for regulating the admission of air through the said holes or apertures C³
and acting in a manner somewhat similar to a gridiron valve. D₁ Dare lugs or
handles for convenience of moving or operating the said sliding plate or door D.
B B are longitudinal slots or apertures formed in the side walls of the said
cylindrical central or mixing chamber Band communicating with the above
mentioned annular or outer chamber B². 13 13 are slots or apertures provided in
the walls of the cylindrical casing or shield B for admitting air to the annular,
outer or heating chamber B². 137 is a circular plate or sleeve provided with holes
or apertures B and supported so as to be capable of moving or rotating freely
upon the casing B by means of slots B and screws B10 or otherwise. B" are lugs
or handles for convenience of adjusting the tubular plate or sleeve B for regulating
the admission of air. E is a steam coil arranged in the said annular outer or
heating chamber 132, for heating the air (which is drawn in through the apertures B
by the suction created by the injector A) during its passage through the said
annular outer or heating chamber 13 to the cylindrical central or mixing chamber B
and previous to its admixture with the sprayed vaporized or atomized hydrocarbon
or other liquid fuel passing through the said chamber. One extremity of the said
coil E is intended to be connected with a pipe leading to the steam space of the
boiler or other available source of supply, and the other extremity thereof is
intended to be connected with the injector. I prefer to pass the steam intended
for use in the liquid fuel injector through the said coil E, the said steam being
afterwards superficated or surcharged to a high temperature before being employed
in the said injector, by passing it through a coil or coils N arranged in the com-
bustion chamber or furnace as shown in Figures 13 and 14 or in Figure 15. The
heat taken up by the air during the passage of the said steam through the coil in
the said annular outer or air chamber is thus restored. In some instances the said
steam is also superheated or surcharged in a similar manner before being passed
through the said coil as well as after leaving the latter.
F is a covering of wire gauze or the like placed over the hereinbefore mentioned
slots or apertures 13 so as to prevent the air from passing too rapidly through the
said annular outer or heating chamber B2 into the central cylindrical or mixing
chamber B, and not being sufficiently heated by the coil E.
Gis wire-gauze, netting or the like secured in the open or free end of the central
cylindrical or mixing chamber B for further mixing and breaking up the sprayed
vaporized or atomized liquid fuel and air, and preventing the formation of a blow

page_text: pipe flame. B2 B are slots or apertures in the flange B³ for admitting a further
supply of air if necessary to the cylindrical or other tubular extension B. Bis
a sliding door or plate for regulating the admission of the said air. The said 'door
or plate is provided with holes or apertures BH corresponding with the slots or
apertures Band with lugs or handles 135, and is supported upon the said flange 133
by means of slots B1 and screws B in a manner substantially similar to the door
or plate D.
The cylindrical central or mixing chamber B is preferably arranged to project
a certain distance into the cylindrical or tubular extension B*.
The sprayed vaporized or atomized hydrocarbon or other liquid fuel delivered
from the injector A into the cylindrical central or mixing chamber 13' meets and
mixes with the heated air from the outer or heating chamber B2, they are then
dashed against the wire gauze or netting G and are more thoroughly mixed together,
a further supply of air being also admitted to the cylindrical central or mixing
chamber if necessary through the apertures C², and to the cylindrical or tubular
extension through the apertures B12 I thus provide very advantageous means for
mixing the sprayed, vaporized, or atomized hydrocarbon or other liquid fuel with
the requisite quantity of air. It has been found moreover in practice that much
more favourable results are obtained when the said liquid fuel is mixed with heated
air, or partly with heated air, and partly with air at the ordinary atmospheric
temperature, than when the said liquid fuel is only mixed with air at the ordinary
atmospheric temperature.
Figures 5 to 8 illustrate a modification wherein I dispense with the hereinbefore
mentioned annular or tubular extension Band with the apertures B36 in the walls of
the cylindrical casing or shield B for the admission of air. H H are bent or
U-shaped pipes or tubes. Each of the said pipes or tubes H is 'connected by means
of suitable Hanges Hand bolts H2 or otherwise to a flange or plate B** secured to
the herein before mentioned flange 13 in any convenient manner. The said pipes
communicate with the atmosphere through hole B12* in the said flange or plate 1*
and through the holes 1312 in the flange 133 (which in this instance are formed round
to correspond with the bores of the pipes or tubes H) and through suitable holes B18
in the flange or plate B³, and holes Bis in the plate or flange B³ with the annular,
outer or heating chamber 12. The said annular outer or heating chamber has thus
free communication through the pipes H with the atmosphere. The holes B in the
sliding door or plate B13 are also formed round so as to correspond with the bores of
the said pipes H. The said pipes H are preferably stayed or otherwise supported to
prevent their giving way or sagging from overheating. The atmospheric air entering
the said pipes becomes heated therein and is drawn into the hereinbefore mentioned
annular outer or heating chamber in which it is further heated by the steam coil E
and from where it passes to the central cylindrical or mixing chamber B' as before.
C3 C3 are holes or apertures provided in the plate or cover C for admitting air from
the exterior to the outer or heating chamber 132 if desired. is a door or plate for
regulating the admission of the said air. The said door or plate I is provided with
holes or apertures and lugs or handles 12 and is supported upon the plate or
cover C by means of slots 13 and screws in a manner substantially similar to the
sliding doors or plates D and B313. By securing the pipes or tubes H to a supple-
mentary flange or plate 13³ 1 am enabled to remove the cylindrical casing or
shield 3 when desired for cleansing or other purposes. The said pipes or tubes H,
however, are in some instances connected directly to the flange B³. B2B are
baffle plates for distributing and mixing the air heated in the pipes or tubes H in the
outer or heating chamber B.
Figures 9 and 10 illustrate a modification wherein the cylindrical central or mixing
chamber is formed as a separate casting and is provided with a flange B₁*.
The said cylindrical central or mixing chamber B₁ moreover is arranged in a
suitable hole formed in the plate or flange B3 and is secured in position therein by
screws passed through holes formed in the said flange B* and screwed into corre-
spondingly screw-threaded holes in the flange B³, or by means of bolts and nuts, or

page_text: in any other convenient manner. The plate or flange 133 moreover is hinged
at B to the second flange or plate B3 which latter is provided with a cylindrical
extension B* similar to that herein before mentioned. B B are eye bolts hinged
to the said plate or flange B33 and adapted to engage in suitable slots formed in
the plate or flange B³. B B are winged nuts for clamping or securing the flange
or plate B³ in position when closed against the flange or plate B. By this
arrangement I am enabled to open or swing back the plate or flange 13³ carrying
the mixing and heating chambers, and the liquid fuel injector A (as shown in
dotted lines in Figure 10) for cleansing and other purposes. The cylindrical
casing or shield B is in this case formed of larger diameter, and the slots or
apertures B in the plate or flange 133 communicate directly with the interior of
the annular outer or heating chamber B2 and the cylindrical or tubular extension B.
The holes or
I am thus enabled to employ a double heating or steam coil E.
apertures C² morcover round the nozzle aperture C¹ and the corresponding holes
or apertures D³ in the plate or door D are dispensed with, and the liquid fuel
injector A is secured in a suitable hole provided in the latter by means of screw-
threads or otherwise, instead of to the plate or door C as before. The said plate
or door D is in this case rigidly attached to the plate or door C by means of
screws, or bolts and nuts, or in any other convenient manner.
In Figure 11 the longitudinal slots or apertures 13, and the wire gauze or other
covering are dispensed with, and circular or other suitably shaped holes or
perforations B are provided in the side walls of the cylindrical central or mixing
chamber B
Figures 12 and 13 show an application of my apparatus to an ordinary single flue
or Cornish boiler. In the example shown two injectors and casings or shells are
employed, is the shell of the boiler, J' is the front or tube plate, and J is the
flue thereof. The usual furnace door is removed and the front of the flue J2 is
built up with firebricks fire-clay or other refractory material K. The flange B³ is
secured to the said fire-brick or other wall K by means of bolts passed through the
holes B*, in the plate or flange 13³, or in the plates or flanges 13 133*, or in any
other convenient manner, a hole K being provided therein for the insertion of the
pipes or tubes H, or of the cylindrical or tubular extension 134 and for permitting
the sprayed vaporized or atomized liquid fuel to pass into the combustion chamber.
K' is a covering or lining extending for a suitable distance into the flue J and half
or approximately half round the interior wall thereof. K2 is an arch extending for
a short distance from the fire-brick or other wall K in the front or end of the flue J,
and forming a channel or passage which serves for guiding the flames from the
injectors and causing a complete intermingling of the necessary air with the gases,
the complete intermingling of the necessary air with the liquid fuel having been
previously performed in the herein before described mixing chamber. The covering
or lining K and arch K2 are also formed of fire-bricks, fire-clay or other refractory
material. The said covering or lining K moreover is formed thicker at or near
the mouth or front end of the flue J and is arranged to slope inwardly so as to form
an inclined plane or surface K³. K' is a curved or V-shaped air passage or fluc
formed in the said covering or lining K for the admission of the necessary air to
the combustion chamber. One extremity of the said air passage or flue K opens
into the combustion chamber or furnace in the interior of the boiler flue and the
other extremity thereof communicates with the exterior of the boiler through a
suitable aperture provided with a door K by means of which the admission of the
said air can be regulated as desired. One of the air flues or passages K' is provided
to each of the injectors A. The air from the exterior having to pass through the
said curved or V-shaped passage or flue or passages or flues K in the heated fire-
bricks will be raised to a considerable temperature before reaching the combustion
Lis a
chamber or furnace, and the admission of cold air thereto is thus obviated.
spy hole provided with a sliding or other door L' and through which the state of
combustion in the flue may be observed.
The wall lining or covering K¹ and arch K are raised to a very high

page_text: temperature, and form a store or reserve of heat, thus greatly adding to the
efficiency and economy of the apparatus.
M Mare pipes communicating with any suitable source of supply of hydrocarbon
or other liquid fuel, and N N are pipes communicating with the steam space of the
boiler. The nozzle of each of the injectors or burners A is arranged to project
loosely into the hereinbefore mentioned hole or aperture in the plate or door of the
casing or shield B and the said injector or burner is supported by the said liquid
fuel pipe M and the steam pipe N which are provided with jointed unions M N¹
secured to a plate (intended to be attached to the boiler setting) so that the said
burner can be swung or moved away from the boiler face when desired, as shown
in the dotted lines Figure 12. M2 M2 are stop cocks or valves for regulating the
supply of liquid fuel through the oil or liquid fuel pipes M, and N2 N2 are stop
cocks or valves for regulating the supply of steam through the steam pipes N.
The said stop cocks or valves M2 N are preferably arranged upon the fixed or
stationary portions of the said pipes so as to render the swinging or movable
portions thereof as light as possible. N³ N³ are connecting pipes or bye-passes
governed by stop cocks or valves N, and communicating between the liquid fuel
pipes M and the steam pipes N. By means of the said bye-passes N³ steam can be
admitted to and blown through the injectors or burners A. and the casings or
shields B for cleansing purposes. The steam pipes N are connected to the coils E
in the casings or shields B and are then carried into the flue and bent so as to
form one or more coils No in each of the said pipes, in passing through which the
said steam will be highly surcharged or superheated before being delivered to
the injectors A and the efficiency of the apparatus thereby greatly increased.
Figure 14 shows a slight modification wherein the arch K2 is carried the whole
length of the covering or lining K of fire brick, fire-clay, or other refractory
material, and is closed at the extremity thereof so as to form a kind of fire-
box or combustion chamber. KK are holes or apertures for permitting the
escape of the flames into the flue J
Figure 15 illustrates an application of my improved apparatus to a locomotive
boiler. P is the fire box, Q is the ash-pan, R is the foot plate, J2 J2 are the tubes
thereof. The usual fire-bars are removed, the ash-pan Q and the fire-box l' are
provided with a lining or covering K of fire-brick, fire clay or other refractory
material, and an arch or arches K2 of similar material are built on the said lining K¹
in the said ash pan Q. Two arches are preferably employed in a locomotive fire-
box, one for each of the injectors or burners. An air passage or flue K is formed
in the said fire-brick lining K', running round the walls of the said ash-pan at the
sides and in the rear thereof. K is an aperture provided with a hinged or pivoted
door K in the said rear part of the ash-pan Q for the admission of air to the
said flue. The said door K* can be opened or closed from the foot plate R by
means of a rod k having a suitable handle K10*. K"K" are apertures for the
admission of air from the said air passage or flue K to the combustion chamber.
S is another hinged or pivoted door provided with a rod St having a handle S² by
means of which it can also be conveniently adjusted or regulated from the said
foot plate K so as to admit more or less air to the injectors or burners.
The nozzle casing or shield B is in this case preferably formed with a base plate
or bracket 1323 by means of which it is secured in position in the ash-pan Q. T is
a bridge check or shield also formed of fire-brick, fire-clay or other refractory
material and built in the fire-box P. The bridge check or shield T is provided
with holes T and is curved or arched so as to form a kind of hood extending over
the lining or covering K in the bottom of the ash-pan Q and partially over the
arch or arches K2 formed thereon. The flames from the injectors or burners A
will impinge or strike against the fire-brick lining or covering K and be directed
upwards against the said bridge, check or shield T passing up through the said
holes T to the tubes J2 of the boiler, thus avoiding injury to the said tubes or
to the tube plate J from over heating. The cocks or valves in the liquid fuel
pipes for regulating the supply to the injectors A are preferably placed beneath

page_text: the foot plate R and are each provided with an extended stem M³ and hand-
wheel M by means of which it can be operated from the said foot plate.
It is obvious that I can somewhat further modify the construction of my improved
apparatus for use with a liquid-fuel injector without in any way departing from the
nature of my said invention. For instance I sometimes provide upon the open or
free extremity of the said cylindrical or tubular extension a grating or wire gauze
or other netting similar to that upon the mouth, or open extremity of the cylindrical
or mixing chamber, or I provide one or more of the said gratings, partitions or
diaphragms of wire or other netting in the said cylindrical or other central chamber
or mixing chamber. I sometimes form the hereinbefore mentioned cylindrical or
tubular extension longer and provide therein one or more steam coils for heating
the air admitted to the said cylindrical or tubular extension through the herein-
before described adjustable apertures. Instead of the hereinbefore mentioned
central or mixing chamber being cylindrical it may be of any other suitable form,
the outer or heating chamber being in this case preferably formed to correspond in
shape therewith. The hereinbefore mentioned cylindrical or tubular extension
may in like manner be of any other convenient form or may be entirely dispensed
with.
By regulating the admission of the air to the mixing chamber I am enabled to
readily vary the relative proportions of the air and hydrocarbon as may be
desirable.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
First. An apparatus for use with an injector for liquid fuel, comprising a central
mixing-chamber into which the fuel is injected, and into which air is admitted
through a heating-chamber surrounding the said mixing chamber, for the purpose
above specified.
Second. The combination, with the mixing-chamber (with or without a covering
of wire-gauze, netting or the like at its discharge end), of the heating-chamber
surrounding the said mixing-chamber, and suitabie means whereby the admission of
air through the said heating-chamber into the mixing-chamber may be regulated at
will, for the purpose above specified.
Third. An apparatus for the purpose above specified, comprising a mixing-
chamber provided with apertures for the admission of air, and a steam-coil
surrounding the said mixing-chamber for the purpose of heating the air previous to
its admission into the said chamber.
Fourth. The combination of a mixing chamber, and a heating-chamber which
surrounds the same and communicates therewith through apertures covered by
wire-gauze, netting or the like and with the atmosphere through other apertures,
which may or may not be provided with means for regulating the admission of air,
substantially as, and for the purposes, above specified.
Fifth. The combination, with the mixing-chamber and the heating-chamber
through which air is admitted thereto of suitable means whereby a regulated supply
of air at atmospheric temperature may be admitted to the said mixing chamber,
substantially as described.
Sixth. The combination, with the mixing and heating chambers, of suitable
means whereby either a constant or a regulated supply of air may be allowed to
commingle with the mixture of air and hydrocarbon discharged from the said mixing
chamber, substantially as described.
Seventh. The combination, with the mixing and heating chambers, of bent or
return pipes which extend into the furnace or combustion-chamber, and through
which air is supplied to the heating-chamber, with or without means for
regulating the adinission of air into the said pipes, for the purposes above
specified.

page_text: Eighth. An apparatus for the purpose above specified, wherein the heating-
chamber, is arranged to swing about a hinge joint, and the mixing chamber is
secured in the said heating chamber in such a manner that it is readily removable
therefrom, for the purpose above specified.
Ninth. The improved apparatus for mixing air with atomized liquid fuel, con-
structed substantially as described with reference to either of the forms or
modifications illustrated in the accompanying drawings and operating as, and for
the purposes above specified.
Tenth. A furnace having my improved apparatus applied thereto and constructed
substantially as described with reference to Figures 12 and 13, or with reference to
Figure 14, or to Figure 15 of the accompanying drawings, for the purposes above
specified.
Dated th 10th day of Amil 1901
WILLIAM EDWARD SMITH.
Haseltine, Lake & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.