IMPROVED MEANS OR APPLIANCES FOR FACILITATING THE TRANSIT AND APPLICATION OF CALORIC, ALSO FOR MIXING CALORIC WITH AIR, WATER, AND OTHER FLUIDS AND GASES, ALSO FOR ECONONIZING THE CONSUMPTION OF FUEL, CONSUMING SMOKE, GENERATING STEAM, AND INCREASING AND DISTRIBUTING HEAT, AND FOR REFRIGERATING PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Hydes, of Sheffield, in the County of York,
Ironmonger, and Joseph Bennett, of Sheffield, aforesaid, Engineer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVED MEANS OR APPLIANCES FOR FACILITATING
THE TRANSIT AND APPLICATION OF CALORIC, ALSO FOR MIXING CALORIC WITH
AIR, WATER, AND OTHER FLUIDS AND GASES, ALSO FOR ECONONIZING THE
CONSUMPTION OF FUEL, CONSUMING SMOKE, GENERATING STEAM, AND
INCREASING AND DISTRIBUTING HEAT, AND FOR REFRIGERATING PURPOSES."
Sealed the 26th January 1869, and dated the 28th July 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Hydes and
Joseph Bennett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 28th July 1868.
We, THOMAS HYDES, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Ironmonger,
5 and JOSEPH BENNETT, of Sheffield, aforesaid, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OR APPLIANCES FOR
FACILITATING THE TRANSIT AND APPLICATION OF CALORIC, ALSO FOR MIXING
CALORIC WITH AIR, WATER, AND OTHER FLUIDS AND GASES, ALSO FOR ECONOMIZING
THE CONSUMPTION OF FUEL, CONSUMING SMOKE, GENERATING STEAM, AND

page_text: as follows:-
This Invention consists,-
First. In the application of guides or channels to direct hot gases or
fluids to the surface of their containers, such as flues, tubes, or other
channels, for the purpose of more fully developing and absorbing the
caloric from the gases or fluids, and using the same for any specified
purpose, which caloric would otherwise be lost by passing away through
the body or central part of the flues or tubes.
Secondly. In applying on cach or only on one side of a partition
(situated between hot and cold) guides or channels through which air,
fluids, or gases are guided in parallel lines, or nearly so, or in cross lines,
and in constantly circulating streams which pass instantaneously within
the most effective distance over and entirely cover the whole surface
of the said partition intended to be acted upon for the purpose of
transferring their heat or caloric from one fluid to any other fluid.
Thirdly. In passing hot liquids through flues or tubes, and by
directing cold air or water against the outer or cold side of the aforesaid
partition to cool the said liquids, and thereby operate as a refrigerator.
The following is an example of the means by which the above objects
may be accomplished. And we would here remark that according to the
contrivances or arrangements in known and common use for heating
air, fluids, and gases great part of the heat passes off into the atmosphere
without having fulfilled the purpose for which the fire was made. Now
this Invention is intended to arrest and utilize nearly all this lost heat.
We propose to construct an upright flue or duct of metal or other
suitable material communicating with the flue of a furnace, and one part
of the said flue or duct we form enclosed, and against the outer surface
of one side or portion thereof, according to the shape of the said flue or
duct, we attach guides or channels of any desired shape with openings
therein for directing cold air or water against such said surface; we also
fix guides in the enclosed part of such said flue or duct, the said guides
being formed with horizontal partitions across them for arresting the
direct passage of the heated air, fluids, or gases over and through them,
and thereby causing them to pass under the edges of the said guides,
and pass thence against the surface of the cooled partition of the flue
or duct, and through and between the other halves of the guides situated

page_text: at the other sides of their respective horizontal partition, and so on
through each set of guides, there being several sets fixed in the closed
flue or duct; the heat thus collected on the cooled side of the partition
may be directed as required, and then utilized instead of being dissipated
and lost.
We now proceed to describe the manner of consuming smoke according
to this Invention. To consume the smoke from a boiler furnace, for
example, we insert a plate or plates of iron or other suitable materials
in the flues between the boiler and the chimney stack, and where the
boiler flues terminate we place our aforesaid guides on each side of the
said plates. We cause the heated gases to pass through the said guides
on one side of the said plates so as to press upon and against the surface
thereof; on the other side of the said plates we cause air intermixed
with steam, waste steam, or hydrogen in any form, which air pressing
upon the opposite or colder side of the said plates takes hold of the
heat, waste, or cooled gases which pass from the boiler furnace, and we
cause such heated air and hydrogen to pass to the boiler furnace and
guide it into contact with the burning mass therein, supplying it with
an extra charge of hot oxygen, hydrogen, and their quota of nitrogen,
thereby increasing the quantity of latent heat evolved, and by these
means consuming the smoke.
To apply the above system to hot-air stoves and Cornish boilers we
proceed as follows:-We arrange the sets of guides both in the pipe or
flue of the stove and around the outside thereof, and for Cornish boilers
we fix the guides in the tube thereof beyond the bridge of the furnace.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Hydes and Joseph Bennett in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 28th January 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
0 HYDES, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Ironmonger, and JOSEPH
BENNETT, of Sheffield, aforesaid, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-

page_text: the most effective distance over and entirely cover the whole surface
of the said partition intended to be acted upon for the purpose of
transferring their heat or caloric from one fluid to any other fluid.
Thirdly. In passing hot liquids through flues or tubes, and by
directing cold air or water against the outer or cold side of the aforesaid
partition to cool the said liquids, and thereby operate as a refrigerator.
The following is an example of the means by which the above objects
may be accomplished. And we would here remark that according to the
contrivances or arrangements in known and common use for heating
air, fluids, and gases great part of the heat passes off into the atmosphere
without having fulfilled the purpose for which the fire was made. Now
this Invention is intended to arrest and utilize nearly all this lost heat.
We propose to construct an upright flue or duct of metal or other
suitable material communicating with the flue of a furnace, and one part
of the said flue or duct we form enclosed, and against the outer surface
of one side or portion thereof, according to the shape of the said flue or
duct, we attach guides or channels of any desired shape with openings
therein for directing cold air or water against such said surface; we also
fix guides in the enclosed part of such said flue or duct, the said guides
being formed with horizontal partitions across them for arresting the
direct passage of the heated air, fluids, or gases over and through them,
and thereby causing them to pass under the edges of the said guides,
and pass thence against the surface of the cooled partition of the flue or
duct, and through and between the other half of the guides situated at
the other sides of their respective horizontal partition, and so on through
cach set of guides, there being several sets fixed in the closed flue or
duet; the heat thus collected on the cooled side of the partition may be
directed as required, and then utilized instead of being dissipated and lost.
To apply the above system to hot-air stoves we proceed as follows:-
We arrange the sets of guides both in the pipe or flue of the stove and
around the outside thereof.
And in order to explain our said Invention as completely as possible,
we now proceed to describe the best means we are acquainted with for
carrying the same into practical effect, reference being had to the illus-
trative Sheet of Drawings accompanying thes Presents, and to the
numeral figures and letters of reference marked thereon respectively,
as follows:-

page_text: Figure 1 represents a sectional side elevation of an arrangement
illustrative of the principle of construction of our said Invention;
Figure 2 is an edge view of Figure 1; Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, respec-
tively represent perspective and geometrical views of our improvements
applicable to tubes or pipes; Figure 8 is a top plan view of our
improvements when applied to a Cornish boiler, the position of the
boiler being denoted by dotted lines; Figure 9 is a transverse and
vertical section through the line A, B, at Figure 8; Figures 10 and 11
are similar sections through the lines C, D, and E, F, at Figure 8;
Figure 12 is a longitudinal and vertical section through the line G, H,
at Figure 8. At each of the foregoing Figures we employ similar letters
of reference to denote corresponding parts in so far as such parts appear
or can be seen at each of such said Figures respectively.
As regards Figures 1 and 2, A, A, are guide plates of metal or
earthenware, shewn detached at Figure 13; B is a flat surface or rect-
angular-shaped chamber with a partition C therein; E is space between
the partition C and the plates A, A, which plates when arranged as
represented by the Drawing operate in the following manner :-Suppose
the said plates to be applied beneath a Cornish boiler, for example, as
at Figure 8, and the heated air, smoke, and gases to enter at A, they
would take the course denoted by the arrow's flight at this Figure, that
is to say, the heated air, smoke, and gases would pass up every alternate
space formed by the guide plates, and be split or divided and combine
when they reached the top edges of the said plates or those parts
marked a, a, at Figures 9, 10, where space is left between the boiler and
the top edges of such said guides; the heat will thus be brought into
contact with the bottom of the boiler, the smoke and waste heat and
gases passing off along the flues G, taking the course denoted by the
arrow's flight, and finally passing into the chimney.
And we would here remark the shape of the guide plates and mode
of arranging them will vary according to the situation in which they
are to be used, and the shape of the boiler or other vessel or surface to
which they are to be applied.
Figure 14 shews a detached view of two of the said guide plates above
referred to as applied to a Cornish boiler.

page_text: The guide plates represented at Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, operate in a
precisely similar manner to those lastly above described with reference to
Figures 8 to 12 inclusive.
Having now fully described and set forth the nature and object of our
said Invention for "Improved Means or Appliances for Facilitating the
Transit and Application of Caloric, also for Mixing Caloric with Air,
Water, and other Fluids and Gases, also for Economizing the Con-
sumption of Fuel, Consuming Smoke, Generating Steam, and Increasing
and Distributing Heat, and for Refrigerating Purposes," together with
the best means we are acquainted with for carrying the same into
practical effect, we would remark in conclusion that what we claim as
our Invention intended to be secured to us by the herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent is as follows:-We claim the use and application
to boilers and other surfaces of guides or channels for directing hot gases
or fluids or cold air and liquids thereto, in the manner and for the
purposes above described with reference to the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, we, the said Thomas Hydes and Joseph
Bennett, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-
third day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-nine.