IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGE LAMPS AND OTHER SIMILAR LAMPS
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the
County of Middlesex Gentleman for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
RAILWAY CARRIAGE LAMPS AND OTHER SIMILAR LAMPS" communicated to
him from Julius Schulke a person resident at Paris in the Republic of France
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th March 1883.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGE LAMPS AND OTHER SIMILAR
LAMPS "a communication from Julius Schulke a person resident at Paris in the
Republic of France Engineer
This Invention relates to Gas Lamps such as roof lamps for railway carriages
which are exposed to strong currents of air and it has for its object to enable such
lamps to burn with a steady flame and at the same time to augment their
illuminating power
According to this Invention the circulation of air and gases is so regulated that
the internal pressure balances the external pressure and the temperature of the air
and gas supplied to the lamp to support combustion is elevated by the heat of the
flame and of the products of combustion.
The gas jet or flame being enclosed in a small air tight glass globe is arranged at
the lower extremity of a chimney having a suitably protected outlet for the
products of combustion and consisting of a tube having a number of longitudinal
folds or corrugations-This tube or chimney is enclosed in an outer tube of heat
retaining materials provided with suitably protected inlets for air and so arranged
that the air to support combustion is heated by being compelled to pass down-
wards in close contact with the exterior of the corrugated tube or chimney while
the escaping products of combustion pass upwards in contact with the internal
surfaces of the same tube and the gas is also heated by arranging the gas supply
pipe inside the said chimney
A series of horizontal discs are arranged above the flame in a chimney of sheet

page_text: 1
metal or other heat conducting materials-This chimney is formed with annular
corrugations forming a series of communicating chambers enclosing the series of
discs and connected with a straight tube forming a continuation of the chimney at
the upper part of the lamp. This series of chambers or corrugated part of the
chimney is enclosed in an outer case formed of heat retaining materials-The
internal sides of this case are provided with rings or annular projections corre-.
sponding with and projecting between the corrugations or chambers herein before
described so as to present a zig-zag annular passage for the air to support combus-
tion which passes between the exterior of the chimney and the interior of the
outer case-Sufficient space is also left between the edges of the discs and the sides
of the chambers to afford passage for the products of combustion which also
circulate in a zig-zag direction and are deflected by the discs so as to be brought in
close contact with the sides of the chambers or corrugations
The air to support combustion is thus effectually heated and a more brilliant
light is consequently obtained without increasing the consumption of gas--The
flame is not large but is very bright and hot so as to be capable of increasing the
lighting power by rendering incandescent a piece of platinum, asbestos, lime, or
other refractory substance placed above and in close proximity to the flame
In order to more effectually protect the flame from the effect of the wind the
upper part of the lamp may be enclosed in a cover or case perforated with two rows
of holes the lower row serving for the admission of air and the upper row for. the
escape of the products of combustion and rings or guards are provided in front of
the holes to deflect the current
The interior of the glass globe enclosing the flame communicates with the
passage for the admission of air and also with the passage for the escape of the
products of combustion and is enclosed in another glass globe containing a reflector
The lamp may be arranged to turn upon a hinge which also serves for the
connection of the gas pipe, the axis of the said hinge being made to coincide with
the axis of the socket or union of the pipe so that the lamp casing and the gas pipe
both turn on the same centre

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent and of
an Order of the Lord Chancellor filed by the said John Henry Johnson in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th October 1883.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGE LAMPS AND OTHER SIMILAR
LAMPS a coinmunication from Julius Schulke of Paris in the Republic of France
The object of this Invention is to effect improvements in that class of gas lamps
which are fitted with air-heating and gas-heating appliances whereby the heat
which would otherwise be wasted is utilized in heating the incoming air which is
necessary to support combustion, and also to enable Railway roof and other lamps
which may be exposed to strong currents of air, to burn with a steady flame.
The gas jet or flame being enclosed in a small air tight glass of a semi-globular
or other suitable form is arranged at the lower extremity of a chimney having a
suitably protected outlet for the products of combustion and consisting of a tube
having a number of longitudinal folds or corrugations. This tube or chimney is
enclosed in an outer tube of heat-retaining materials provided with suitably
protected inlets for air and so arranged that the air to support combustion is heated
by being compelled to pass downwards in close contact with the exterior of the
corrugated tube or chimney while the escaping products of combustion pass upwards
in contact with the internal surfaces of the same tube and the gas is also heated
by arranging the gas supply pipe inside the said chimney.
In another arrangement a series of horizontal discs are arranged above the flame,'
in a chimney of sheet metal or other heat conducting materials. This chimney is
formed with annular corrugations forming a series of communicating chambers
enclosing the series of discs and connected with a straight tube forming a continua-
tion of the chimney at the upper part of the lamp. This series of chambers is
enclosed in an outer case formed of heat retaining materials The internal sides of
this case are provided with rings or annular projections corresponding with and'.
projecting between the corrugations or chambers hereinbefore described so as to
present a zigzag annular passage for the incoming air to support combustion which
passes between the exterior of the chimney and the interior of the case. Sufficient
space is also left between the edges of the discs and the sides of the chambers to
afford passage for the products of combustion which also circulate in a zigzag
direction and are deflected by. the discs so as to be brought in close contact with
the sides of the chambers or corrugations
The air to support combustion is thus effectually heated and a more brilliant
light is consequently obtained without increasing the consumption of gas. The
flame is not necessarily large but is very bright and hot and this heat may be also
utilized in increasing the lighting power, by rendering incandescent a piece of
platinum, asbestos lime, or other refractory substance placed above and in close
proximity to the flame..
.
In order to more effectually protect the flame from the effect of a strong wind
the upper part of the lamp is enclosed in a cover or case perforated with two rows
of holes the lower row serving for the admission of air, and the upper row for the
escape of the products of combustion and rings or guards are provided in front of
the holes to deflect the current.
The interior of the glass enclosing the flame communicates with the passage for
the admission of air and also with the passage for the escape of the products of
combustion and is enclosed in another and larger glass containing a reflector
'
The lamp may be arranged to turn upon a hinge, which hinge also serves for the

page_text: connection of the gas pipes the axis of the said hinge being made to coincide with
the axis of the socket or union of the pipe, so that the lamp casing and the gas
pipe both turn on the same centre-The said invention is adaptable to all kinds of
gas lamps.
Having thus stated the nature of the said invention I will proceed to describe
more particularly and by the aid of the accompanying drawings, (in which similar
letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures) in what
manner the same is to be performed.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a Railway Carriage lamp in which the
heating apparatus consists of a pipe a having any number of longitudinal folds or
corrugations
Figure 2 is a section on the line x x of Fig: 1 shewing the upper part of the
heating apparatus
Figure 3. is a section on the line of figure 1 shewing the lower part of the
apparatus
Figure 2 shews the form of the corrugations, radially of the pipe a. The latter
is enclosed in another pipe b consisting of any suitable nonconducting material
The use of the pipe b is to cause the air currents to pass between the corrugations
of a and to prevent loss of heat by conduction outwards-The air passes through
these channels, while the spent gases escape through the inner side of the pipe a;
the arrows indicate the direction of the incoming air and the arrows vindicate
that of the spent gases. These spent gases can gain access to a only through the
small opening in the reflector c, and the air can only enter through the air channels.
in the manner indicated because the channels in a are hermetically closed at their
lower ends and those of b at the upper end.
In lamps of this type the lighting of the lamp has been difficult-In order to
overcome this difficulty I provide the moveable chimney or tube g placed in a
vertical position and so arranged that its lower end goes over and into the
opening which contains the reflector c By this arrangement the extinguishing
of the flame from want of air (until the currents are set up) is avoided.
Below the pipe à and the tube b the flame is placed in the small glass & closed
hermetically with b outside it and hanging in the ring provided with radial
supports fitted to the reflector i―Therefore the air necessary for combustion can
only enter the glass d by passing over and coming in contact with the outer surface
of the pipe a and the combustion gases can only escape by passing over the inner
surface of a and imparting heat thereto It is evident that on its way the cold
incoming air is heated by contact with the outer surface of the pipe a, the latter
being itself heated by heat from the outgoing spent gases-Above the pipe a the
chimney g is fixed The gas is conducted to the flame through the pipes e and-f; f
enters by one of the air channels of a and is screwed into the supply pipe e .
Figure 4 represents another arrangement of the air and gas heating apparatus
m, m are a series of horizontal and parallel discs arranged above the flame at
adjustable distances from each other-Each of these discs is enclosed in a chimney
of sheet metal or any other heat conducting material-This chimney is formed with
annular corrugations forming a series of communicating chambers enclosing the
series of discs and connected with a tube o forming a continuation of the chimney
at the upper part of the lamp-These series of chambers are enclosed in an outer
case n formed of nonconducting materials-The internal sides of this case are
provided with rings or annular projections corresponding with and prejecting
between the corrugations or chambers as herein before described fitting into the
pipe o so as to present a zigzag annular passage for the entrance of the air to
support combustion. Sufficient space is also left between the edges of the discs
and the sides of the chambers to afford passage for the products of combustion
which also circulate in a zigzag direction, and are deflected by the discs so as to
be brought into close contact with the sides of the chambers or corrugations-The
entering air is heated in passing the pipe o which is itself heated by the discharging
enent caRee

page_text: Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention. I claim:
1 The use and manufacture of gas lamps in manner hereinbefore described and
shewn on the drawings Figs: 1. 2 and 3 or any mere modification thereof.
2. The use and manufacture of gas lamps in manner hereinbefore described and
shewn in Fig: 4 of the drawings or any mere modification thereof
3. The combination and arrangement of the several and respective appliances to
regenerative gas lamps, together forming the improvements in such lamps
substantially as hereinbefore described and shewn on the drawings
In witness whereof I the said John Henry Johnson have hereunto set my hand
and seal this nineteenth day of September in the year of our Lord one thousand
eight hundred and eighty three.
J. HENRY JOHNSON (LS.)