IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND WINDING COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Tatham, of Rochdale, in the County of
Lancaster, Machine Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND WINDING
COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 20th March 1856, and dated the 19th October 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Tatham at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th October 1855.
I, WILLIAM TATHAM, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Machine
Maker, do hereby declare. the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND
WINDING. COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:
The first part of my Invention relates to slubbing and roving machines, and
consists, firstly, in fixing the tubes or collars for supporting the spindles to a
rail below the copping or bobbin rail, instead of fixing them to the said
bobbin rail, as now generally adopted,. by which means the spindles are
prevented from becoming fast or bound by the said rails that carry them when
they get out of their original place or truth. Secondly, in forming the tubes
or collars so as not to fit on the spindle at the bottom end of the tube or
collar, but to fit the spindle at any part of the collar above the bottom end..

page_text: :
This improvement relates, to
to that class of collars that pass into the interior of
the bobbins when supporting the spindles, by which means the rails and
collars are to a great extent prevented from binding the spindles when getting
out of truth or place. Thirdly, in securing the spindle tubes or collars to the
rails that carry them by means of nuts, when such tubes or collars do not pass
into the interior of the bobbins. Fourthly, in forming the spindles of tubular
malleable iron or steel, for the purpose of rendering them light and strong.
The next part of my Invention relates to spinning, doubling, and winding
machines, which may be considered as an improvement on that part of my
Invention for which Letters Patent where granted unto me on the Third day
of October 1854, in which is shewn, at Figs: 24 and 25 of the Drawings
accompanying the Specification, a flyer. revolving round a stationary spindle
and tubular stud, with the legs of the flyer turned upwards. My present
improvement consists, firstly, in causing the stationary spindle to revolve with
the bobbin, by which means the excessive wear of the interior of the bobbin
working around the stationary spindle is entirely prevented, the drag being
effected on the revolving spindle by means of cloth friction bands or other
suitable material applied in the usual manner. Secondly, in constructing those
parts of the driving drum or cylinder round which the band, cord, or tape
passes when driving or imparting motion to the spindles, flyers, and bobbins, of
a conical taper, or other convenient form or shape, for the purpose of diverting
the band from the line it was previously going in when passing on the drum
from the wharve or other apparatus, thus preventing one portion of the same
,band from rubbing against another portion when passing round the said
driving drum or cylinder. Thirdly, in forming that part of the wharve, spindle,
or other apparatus upon which the driving band passes, when driving or
imparting motion to the spindles, flyers, and bobbins of those machines, of a
similar form or shape to the above-described driving drum or cylinder. By
the above-named form of driving drum and wharve I am enabled to obtain a
greater length of lap, and increase of power with the bands round the driving
drum, cylinder, wharve, or apparatus, than is usual with the ordinary form of
drums and wharves., Fourthly, in constructing and arranging a guide or guides
of wood, metal, or other suitable material near the driving drum and spindle, to
'prevent the driving bands when broken from entangling with or breaking the
adjoining driving bands whilst working; and also in other modes of conveying
or applying the driving bands on one or more of the drums, cylinders, wharves
or apparatus for driving one or more spindles, flyers, and bobbins on one o
both sides of the machine with the same band, and likewise in a somewha
similar arrangement for driving the spindles and bobbins on the top of the
>
a

page_text: machine, and also in placing and arranging one or more driving drums or
cylinders in the machine for that purpose. The fifth part of my said
improvements relates to that class of spinning, doubling, and winding
machines in which the yarn or thread receives an additional twist while
being wound from the spindles and bobbins on one or both sides of the
machine on, to spindles, bobbins, swifts, or other apparatus on the top of
the machine; and consists in constructing the arms or legs of the flyers
much shorter in proportion to the length of bobbin than heretofore, used
in the ordinary machines; and likewise in applying the flyer, generally
known as the ring and traveller flyer, by which I am enabled to work the
spindles at a greater speed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Tatham in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th April 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
TATHAM, of Rochdale, in the County of, Lancaster, Machine Maker, send
greeting.
•
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Royal
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs, and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said William Tatham, Her special licence that I, the said
William Tatham, my executors, administrators, and, assigns, or such
others as I, the said William Tatham, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others; from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING,
DOUBLING, AND WINDING COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS. SUB-
STANCES," upon the condition, (amongst others). that I, the said William
Tatham, by an instrument in writing. under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Royal Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Tatham, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
My said Invention relatés, firstly, in fixing the tubes or collars for sup-
porting the spindles to a rail-below-the-copping or bobbin rail, as 'described in
my Provisional Specification, but having ascertained the same to be in use
by other parties, I now omit it in this my complete Specification. Secondly,
in forming the tubes or collars that support the spindles so as not to
'fit the spindles at the bottom ends of the tubes or collars, but to fit
the spindles at any suitable part of the interior of the said tubes or collars
above the bottom ends. This is an improvement upon that class of tubes
and collars patented by Messrs. Mason and Collier, about the year 1849,
the said tubes being fixed or secured, to a copping or traversing rail, and
made to pass into the interior of the bobbins, for supporting or steadying the
spindles when the said bobbins are driven by toothed gearing.. By the
employment of my aforesaid improvement, the rails and collars are to a
great extent prevented from binding the spindles when getting out of truth
or place. Thirdly, in securing the spindle tubes or collars to the rails that
carry, them by means of nuts, when such tubes or collars do not pass
into the interior of the bobbins. Fourthly, in forming the spindles of tubular
malleable iron or steel, for the purpose of rendering them light and strong.
The fifth part of my Invention relates to spinning, doubling, and winding
machines, which may be considered as an improvement on that part of my
'Invention for which Letters Patent were granted unto me on the Third day
of October 1854, in which is shewn, at Figs. 24 and 25 of the Drawings
'accompanying the Specification, a flyer revolving round a stationary spindle
and tubular stud, with the legs of the flyer turned upwards. My present
improvement consists in causing the spindle, which heretofore was stationary,
to revolve with the bobbin, by which means the excessive wear of the interior
"of the bobbin working around the stationary spindle is entirely prevented,
the drag being effected on the revolving spindle by means of cloth-friction
bands, or other suitable material, applied in the usual manner. Sixthly, in
"constructing those parts of the driving drum or cylinder round which the
band; cord; or tape passes when driving or imparting motion to the spindles,
flyers, and bobbins, of a conical, taper, or other convenient form or shape, for
the purpose of diverting the band from the line it was previously going in
when passing on the driving drum from the wharve or other apparatus, thus
preventing one portion of the same band from rubbing against another' portion

page_text: when passing round the said driving drum or cylinder; and also in other.
modes of diverting, conveying, or applying the driving bands on one or
more of the drums, cylinders, wharves, or apparatus for driving one or more.
spindles, flyers, and bobbins on one or both sides of the machine with the
same band, and also in placing and arranging one or more driving drums or
cylinders in the machine for that purpose. Seventhly, in forming that part
of the wharve, spindle, or other apparatus upon which the driving band passes,
when driving or imparting motion to the spindles, flyers, and bobbins of those
machines, of a taper or conical form or shape. By employing the driving
drum with angular surfaces and the above-named form of wharve, I am
enabled to obtain a greater length of lap, and increase of power with the
bands round the driving drum, cylinder, wharve or apparatus, than is usual
with the ordinary form of drums and wharves. Eighthly, in constructing and
arranging a guide or guides of wood, metal, or other suitable, material near
the driving drum and spindle, to prevent the driving bands when broken
from entangling with or breaking the adjoining driving bands whilst working,
Ninthly, my said improvements relate to that class of spinning, doubling, and
winding machines in which the yarn or thread receives an additional twist
while being wound from the spindles and bobbins on one or both sides of the
machine on to spindles, bobbins, swifts, or other apparatus on the top or
other convenient part of the machine, and consist in constructing -the arms
or legs of the flyers much shorter in proportion to the length of bobbin, than
heretofore used in the ordinary machines, by which I am enabled..to work
the spindles at a greater speed. These improvements. will be clearly under-
stood by referring to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which the
letters refer to each Figure separately...
The first part of my said improvements, which relates to the method of
fixing the tubes or collars to support the spindles, &c., as described in my
Provisional Specification, I now omit or disclaim, having found the same to
be old.
The second part of my improvements is represented in the Figs. 1, 2, and 3.
Fig. 1 is an external elevation; and Figs. 2 and 3, sectional, elevations thereof,
The improvement consists in forming the tubes and collars so as not to fit on
the spindle at the bottom end of the tube. or collar, but to fit the spindle at any
part of the tube or collar above the bottom end. The part of the tube or
collar a can be made to fit the spindle, either by being bored out of the tube
itself, or by being bushed in any position above the bottom end with any
suitable metal or material. The interior of that part of the tube which does
not fit the spindle may be made clean and smooth, so that the dirt which

page_text: usually accumulates can readily pass downwards, thereby preventing the heat-
ing and friction which frequently takes place on those at present employed.:
The aforesaid improvements can be applied to the tubes which have bearings
at the bottom end, by boring or cutting away those bearings, thereby leaving
the space' desired. Fig. 4 'represents the mode of securing the spindle tubes
or collars to the rails that carry them by means of screws and nuts, instead of
by set screws or pins, as at present employed; the thread or screw is shewn
at e, and the nut at f. Figs. 5 and 6 represent an external and sectional,
elevation of a light tubular spindle, made either of malleable iron or steel.
:
Figs. 7 and 8 are sectional elevations, representing the fifth part of 'my
Invention, and relate to spinning, doubling, and winding machines in which
flyers are made to revolve round stationary spindles and tubular studs. My
present improvement consists in causing the spindle, which heretofore was
stationary, to revolve with the bobbin, and applying a drag to the revolving
spindle by any of the well-known methods. 9 shews the spindle, having at h
a pin or projection fitting an indentation in the bobbin i, thus causing the
bobbin and spindle to revolve together. The drag upon the bobbin and spindle
may be caused by friction bands, or by fixing at the lower part of the spindle
a surface k, which rests on the rail i, furnished with any material to obtain
friction. It is evident that when the latter mode is adopted, the bottom of
the spindle must not rest on its bearing m; the bobbin may be bushed with
metál or other suitable material, the said bobbin so fitting the spindle as to
allow of its being easily removed and replaced. when required. In Fig. 7 the
tubular stud on which the flyer and driving wharve revolve passes into the
bobbin during its working or copping, and in Fig. 8 part of the boss of
the flyer itself enters the said bobbin. The lower part of the fly boss has a
bearing in a concave lubricating dish or collar n; forming part of the tubular
stud upon which the said flyer revolves. Although in the Figure the flyer is
shewn in one piece, it may be either so, or a compound of several parts; the
arms may be screwed or otherwise fixed to the tubular fly boss, which may be
bushed in the interior with any suitable material at any convenient part, so as
to fit the tubular stud upon which it revolves, or, if desired, the latter may
have an external ring or rings or hoops to fit the interior of the fly boss.
The interior of the tubular stud or flyer boss may be formed or bushed
with any suitable material in any convenient part, so as to fit and support
the spindle to which the bobbin is attached, thereby preventing large
extent of fitting surface, and to allow of their working parts being readily and
economically repaired when required. In order to prevent the spindle from
being lifted from its place when doffing the bobbins or cops, 'I employ a plate o,
2

page_text: resting on the ribs or projections p, under or below which plate a pin q (or.
washer if desired) is fixed to the spindle. It is evident that the spindle cannot.
be lifted out of its bearing without raising the plate o, which from its length
and weight, or being made fast to the lifting rail l, offers greater resistance.
to raising or lifting the spindle from its bearing than that which is required
for the removal of the bobbin. If the surface drag, shewn at k, is employed,
the said drag may rest on the plate o instead of the rail l. Although the
tubular studs are shewn secured to the rail by set screws, nuts and screws may
be applied to the lower ends of such tubes for the same purpose. The shape,
length, and size of the aforesaid tubes, flyers, and other apparatus may be.
varied or modified to suit necessity or convenience, and any suitable metal or
material employed in their manufacture. The aforesaid arrangements of.
spindles, tubes, and flyers may be driven by drag, friction, or toothed gearing,
and employed in preparing, spinning, doubling, and winding yarns or.
threads.
The sixth part of my improvements is represented in Figs. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,
14, 15, 16, and 17, and consists in giving a taper or conical form to certain
parts of the driving drum or cylinder, for the purpose of preventing one portion.
of the same band from rubbing against another portion when passing round,
the said driving drum or cylinder; and also in other modes of diverting, con-
veying, or applying the driving bands on one or more of the drums, cylinders,
wharves, or apparatus for driving one or more spindles, flyers, or bobbins...
In Fig. 9, s shews part of the driving drum or cylinder; and t, the indenta-
tions or angular concavities around which the driving bands or tapes pass, as:
shewn at u; these indentations keep one part of the band from touching.
another, thereby preventing the excessive chafing and wearing which takes.
place when the drum is straight. Figs. 10 and 11 shew an application to the:
ordinary driving drum of a flanged or grooved roller or cylinder, around both.
of which the bands or cords from the wharves pass. Figs. 12 and 13 are,
views of another arrangement of the roller or cylinder and flanges. In all of
these views, v shews the roller or cylinder, and w the flanges, which produce
the desired effect of preventing the band or cord from chafing or wearing, and.
also of giving great power to the band from its horizontal position, and the
great extent of the lap. Figs. 14 and 15 shew another modification of the
above, in which two flanged or grooved rollers or cylinders v are employed,!
the driving drum being central, with the wharves on the spindles., Figs. 16
and 17 represent another arrangement, in which the under side of the driving;
drum is above the wharves of the spindles. In this arrangement, the spindles
and wharves on one side of the machine are directly opposite to those on the.

page_text: other; but the cord or band is not passed from a wharve on one side to one
directly opposite, but to the one adjoining, which causes the band as it leaves
the drum to be diverted from its ordinary course, and keeps one part of the
band when in motion from touching another, thereby preventing the rubbing
or wearing which usually takes place. Fig. 18 represents the wharve a, of a
taper or conical shape, before mentioned in the seventh part of my improve-
ments..."
Figs. 19 and 20 represent the eighth part of my improvements, and consist
in arranging a guide or guides of wood, or other suitable material, near the
driving drum and spindles, to prevent the driving bands when broken from
entangling with or breaking the adjoining driving bands whilst working. The
guides are shewn at y. At I shew a rod placed behind the spindles near the
wharves, on that side of the machine where the band is delivered from the
drum, for the purpose of preventing the band from falling on the bolster
rail, thereby obtaining greater facility in conveying or applying the band
from the wharves on one side of the machine to the wharves on the other.
The rod, 'pláte, or other suitable apparatus may be placed on either side of the
machine, either behind or before the said spindles. Fig. 21 is a modification
of the Figs. 19 and 20, for producing the same result, the guide a¹ in this
case being formed on the driving drum itself.
The ninth part of my said improvements, represented in Fig. 22, relates.to
that class of spinning, doubling, and winding machines in which the yarn or
thread receives an
additional twist whilst being wound from the spindles and
bobbins on one or both sides of the machine on to spindles, bobbins, swifts, or
other apparatus on the top or other convenient part of the machine, and con-
sists in constructing the arms or legs of the flyers much shorter in proportion
to the length of the bobbin than heretofore used in the ordinary machines. The
short and stiff-flyer is shewn at 61; its employment allows a greater speed to be
obtained than by those at present in use.
Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of my said Invention,
and the manner of carrying the same into practical effect, I desire it to be
distinctly understood that I do not confine myself to the exact details herein
set forth; as such may be varied or modified without departing from the
principle thereof; but I claim as my Invention, and which to the best of
my knowledge and belief has not been hitherto used within this realm,-
Firstly, forming the tubes or collars so as to fit the spindle at any part of
the collar above the bottom end.
i
Secondly in securing the spindle tubes or collars to the rails by means
"

page_text: Thirdly, in forming the spindles of tubular malleable iron or steel.
Fourthly, the application of flyers revolving round stationary tubes. with
spindles revolving in their interior.
.:
Fifthly, in constructing those parts of the driving drums upon which the
bands pass when imparting motion to the spindles of a conical or taper form or
shape, and also the application of flanged or grooved rollers or cylinders, and
likewise the mode of applying the band when the driving drum is placed above
the wharves of the spindles, and for the rods or apparatus for facilitating; the
banding of the wharves.
Sixthly, in making that part of the wharve or spindle on which the driving
band passes of a taper or conical form.
Seventhly, in arranging guides, to prevent the driving bands. when broken
becoming entangled with the other bands.
Eighthly, in making the arms or legs of the flyers much shorter in propor-
tion to the length of the bobbin than has heretofore been done, as all such
improvements are herein set forth, described, and illustrated in the accom
panying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Tatham, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of April, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-six.
WILLIAM TATHAM. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-named
William Tatham, in the presence of
E. J. HUGHES, Patent Agent,
Manchester.