IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OP AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING FIBROUS MATERIALS PREPARATORY TO THEIR BEING SPUN
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Garth Marshall, of Leeds, in the County of
York, Flax Spinner, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE
OP AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING FIBROUS MATERIALS PREPARATORY TO THEIR
BEING SPUN."
Sealed the 4th December 1866, and dated the 15th June 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Garth Marshall
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th June 1866.
JAMES GARTH MARSHALL. of Leeds, in the County of York, Flax
Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING FIBROUS MATERIALS PRE-
PARATORY TO THEIR BEING SPUN," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in a new mode of effecting the complete satura-
tion of the fibre with the liquids or solutions intended to act either chemically
or by simple maceration on the fibre in order to bleach or cleanse and properly
prepare it so as to produce from it when spun, a yarn of a finer or more
even character, or better adapted to subsequent manufacturing processes. For
this purpose I wind the fibre in the shape of roving upon a bobbin, of which
the shatt or shank is hollow and perforated; I then place the rovings in a
Price S

page_text: vessel capable of being closed and divided by a water-tight partition into
upper and lower parts. In the partition are fixed nozzles adapted to fit into
the lower orifice of the shaft or shank of the bobbin. The bobbins are so
placed upon these nozzles as to be in the upper part of the vessel and the
orifice at the upper end of the shaft or shank is closed. The upper part of
the vessel is also closed. The liquid to be used is then by means of a centri-
fugal pump or other suitable apparatus forced into the lower part of the
vessel, and is thus driven through the nozzles into the shaft or shank, and
thence through the perforations in it through the mass or body of the roving
into the upper part of the vessel; afterwards by reversing the action of the
pump or forcing apparatus, the liquid which had been forced into the upper
part of the vessel in manner above stated is forced back through the roving
from the outside inwards, and thus through the perforations into the shaft or
shank of the bobbin, and thence through the nozzles into the lower part of the
vessel.
By a suitable adaptation of pipes and valves or cocks the roving after
being operated upon by one liquid may be subsequently washed with clean
water, or may be subjected to the operation of several liquids in succession
either in the same vessel, or, if preferred, in various vessels. In cases in
which it is found desirable so to do the apparatus may be used for forcing the
liquid through the roving in one direction only, either from the inside of the
roving outwards, or from the outside of the roving inwards..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Garth Marshall, in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 15th December 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
GARTH MARSHALL, of Leeds, in the County of York, Flax Spinner, send
-greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said James Garth Marshall, Her special licence that I, the said
James Garth Marshall, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said James Garth Marshall, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time

page_text: and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING
FIBROUS MATERIALS PREPARATORY TO THEIR BEING SPUN," upon the condition
(amongst others), that I, the said James Garth Marshall, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Garth Marshall do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
My Invention of improvements in the mode of and apparatus for treating
fibrous materials preparatory to their being spun consists in a new mode
of effecting the complete saturation of the fibres with the liquids or solutions
intended to act either chemically or by simple maceration on the fibrous
material order to bleach or cleanse and properly prepare it so as to produce
from it when spun a yarn of a finer or more even character or better adapted.
to subsequent manufacturing processes than heretofore. To this end I wind,
the fibrous material in the form of roving or sliver upon a bobbin, of which the
shaft or shank is hollow and is perforated; I then place the bobbins with the
rovings or slivers thereon in a close vessel divided by a horizontal water-tight
partition into upper and lower chambers; on this partition, which forms the
bottom of the upper chamber, are fixed nozzles adapted to fit into the lower
orifice of the shaft or shank of the bobbins on which the rovings or slivers. are
wound.
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1 is a plan view of the apparatus, as
seen from above; Fig. 2 is a transverse vertical section of the same; Fig. 3
is a front elevation, and Fig. 4 an end elevation. The bobbins a, a, one of
which is shewn in section at Fig. 2, are placed upon the nozzles b, b, in the
upper part or compartment c of the injecting vessel c, c¹, and the orifices at
the upper ends of the shafts or shanks of the bobbins are closed as at a'. The
upper compartment of the injecting vessel is closed by a hinged lid or cover
which fits water-tight thereon, and is secured in place by clamp screws and

page_text: into the lower
braces as shewn in the Drawing. The liquid to be used is then by means of
a pump or other suitable apparatus forced into the lower part c' of the
injecting vessel c, c', through the inlet passage, from whence it is driven or
forced up through the nozzles b, b, into the hollow shaft or shank a of the
bobbins, and thence through the perforations in the hollow shaft a and through
the mass or body of the roving or sliver wound thereon; Fig. 5 represents a
cross section of one of the bobbins drawn upon an enlarged scale and shewing
the lateral perforations 2, 2, 2, in the hollow shaft. When the liquor is forced
through the roving it accumulates in the upper part c of the vessel c, c', and
runs from thence through the outlet pipe e into the lower compartment into
the tank below. The outlet pipe e is provided with a two-way cock or
valve so that the liquor may be run from the injecting vessel either into the
tank below or into another vessel placed outside. By reversing the action of
the pump or forcing apparatus, and altering the position of the valves or cocks
the liquid which had been forced into the upper part c of the vessel in the
manner above stated may be forced back through the roving or sliver from
the outside inwards, and thus through the perforations into the hollow shaft
or shank of the bobbin, and thence through the nozzles
compartment c' of the injecting vessel. The inlet d' of the valve box d
communicates with a pipe provided with a two-way cock or valve d' and a
branch pipe, one arm d' of which communicates with the reservoir or vessel e
containing the chemical liquid, and the other d³ with a clean water vessel or
reservoir above, the D valve d commands the ports 3, 4, 5, of the injecting
vessel c, c. The port 3 connects the valve box d with the lower compart-
ment c' of the injecting vessel and admits the chemical solution thereto. The
solution after passing up through the nozzles and through the rovings or
slivers in the upper compartment c of the injecting vessel ultimately passes
off through the exit aperture 4 into the D valve which conducts it to
the outlet pipe e and from thence through the two-way cock into the
tank e below, upon continuing the pumping operation the liquor or solution
may be drawn from the tank e and passed over and over again through the
valve box, the injecting vessel and the rovings or slivers on the bobbins until
the fibrous substance is properly prepared, or by shifting the valve
means of the handle on the screwed valve stem the liquor may be forced in
the opposite direction, that is, through the port 4 into the upper compartment
of the injecting vessel through the rovings or slivers into the interior of the
bobbins, and from thence into the lower compartment c'. and through the
port 3 and valve & along the outlet pipe c° into the tank c below, from whence
it may if desired be pumped up again as in the former instance.
by
By a

page_text: suitable adaptation of pipes and valves or cocks such as that shewn in Fig. 2
the roving after being operated upon by one liquid may be subsequently washed
with clean water or may be subjected to the operation of several liquids in
succession in the same vessel. When it is desired to force water through
the rovings or slivers, in order to cleanse or free the fibres from the chemical
solution, the cock d' on the branch pipe must be shut so as to cut off
communication between the inlet d' and the tank e. Both compartments of
the injecting vessel c, c', must then be emptied of the chemical solution by
opening the two-way cock or valve e at the bottom of the injecting vessel,
this will allow the solution to run into the tank e below. The two-way
cock or valve e' on the outlet pipe e is then turned to open a communication
with a receiving vessel outside the tank, and then (the D valve being in
the position shewn in the Drawing) the two-way cock d' on the branch pipe
is turned in order to put the inlet d'in communication with the water
reservoir above. The water will then descend the pipe d and pass through
the cock d into the valve box d and from thence through the port 3 into
the lower compartment e' of the injecting vessel. It will then pass up the
nozzles b, b, and through the perforated hollow shafts of the bobbins and the
rovings or slivers wound thereon; from the upper compartment c of the
injecting vessel it will flow through the exit aperture 4 and valve into the
outlet pipe e, and through the two-way cock e¹ into a receiving vessel outside
the tank e. When the fibrous substances or rovings have been properly
cleansed, which will require about five minutes, the cock d on the branch
supply pipe must be closed and the cock e opened in order to let the water
run out of the injecting vessel into the receiving vessel outside. When the
apparatus has been emptied the lid of the injecting vessel may be opened and
the bobbins with the clean rovings or slivers removed and others put in their
place. The lid must then be again closed and secured, and the operation of
passing the chemical solution through the injecting vessel may be repeated;
I find that from ten minutes to half an hour is usually sufficient to allow the
chemical solution to pass through and operate on the fibrous substances. In
cases in which it is found desirable so to do the apparatus may be used for
forcing the liquid through the roving in one direction only, either from the
inside of the roving outwards or from the outside of the roving inwards, but
in the apparatus shewn in the Drawing the chemical solution may be forced
or pumped in in either direction. It will of course be understood that after
the chemical solution has been pumped through the rovings, clean water may
be forced in either direction through the rovings by opening the communication
with the water reservoir above in the manner already described.

page_text: Having now described my Invention of "Improvements in the Mode of
and Apparatus for Treating Fibrous Materials Preparatory to their being
Spun, and having explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I
claim as the Invention secured to me by Letters Patent as aforesaid the
mode herein shewn and described of treating fibrous substances by causing
chemical solutions to pass through the same when wound upon bobbins in the
form of rovings. I also claim the apparatus herein set forth, or any mere
modification thereof, whereby the chemical solutions may be forced through
the bobbins in either direction and the fibres may be washed by causing clean
water to pass through the same.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Garth Marshall, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Thirteenth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
JAMES GARTH MARSHALL. (L.S.)