Year: 1887

page_text: L, WILLIAM EDWIN HEYs, of 70 Market Street Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent do hereby declare the nature of
this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates especially to electric fire alarm systems in which buildings to
be protected are divided off into stories or sections, and supplied with automatic
devices for closing or opening an electric circuit, and in which such buildings are con
nected up with others in a general alarm circuit.
In such systems there are used, in addition to the battery and current conductors,
devices such as anunciators, alarm bells, signal or trip boxes, &c. Morcover, in such
systems, circuit breaking wheels and similar circuit breaking devices have been
employed in combination with circuit closers. The object of the present invention is
to combine an improved annunciator and signal box with testing circuit closers in a
compact form and this invention is also concerned with the location of the said break
wheel relative to the other elements of the system.
:
In order to illustrate the practical manner of carrying out the invention, and to
enable others skilled in the art to which the invention appertains to make and use the
same, drawings are hereunto annexed and described, in which similar letters represent
corresponding elements and in which each part referred to is designated by a single
character.
Referring to the drawings, Fig. 1, sheet L. is a diagram of the electrical circuit and
a front elevation of my improved fire alarm device with the door of the enclosure or
case containing the operating parts thrown open.
Fig. 2, sheet 2, is a side elevation partly sectional of one of the electro-magnets held
within the case, and the frame holding the same, drawn to a larger scale and viewed
as indicated by arrow X, in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3, is a view of the electric magnet and frame, seen as indicated by arrow in
Fig. 2.
Fig. 4, shows an automatic circuit breaker one or more of which are enclosed in the
case for the purpose of short cutting the circuit at times when necessary, the same
being drawn to a much larger scale than in Fig. 1.

page_text: Fig. 5, is a front view of the case, drawn to a smaller scale than in Fig. 1, the
figure being drawn to show the opening through which to read the annunciator.
Fig. 6, is a view of a portion of the front plate of the case, showing the opening
therein, drawn to a larger scale.
Fig. 7, is a view of the parts shown in Figure 6, viewed as indicated by arrow 2, in
said latter figure, the front of the case being sectioned on the line y Fig. 6.
Fig. 8, sheet 3, is a front elevation of some of the central parts within the case,
viewed in the direction in which figure I is seen drawn to a slightly larger scale the
break-wheel being removed to show the paris beneath, and a part of the frame holding
the clockwork being broken away.
Fig. 9, is an edge view of the central parts, under the break-wheel, seen as indicated
by arrow in figure 8.
Fig. 10, is a side elevation of the main toothed wheel secured to the spring shaft,
and
Fig. 11, shows a series of push buttons in circuit in diagram, in parallel.
Referring to the parts, A is the case or enclosure preferably made of metal, con-
taining the various working parts of the device and B, the door thereof. C is the
break-wheel, and D are electro-magnets equally spaced and arranged concentrically
and radially around the break-wheel. The frames, of said magnets are held by
screws or otherwise to the back plate of the case. E is an electro-magnet for con-
trolling the escapement of the clock-work, and F is the frame for holding the clock-
work beneath or back of the break-wheel. G and Gare two devices for short
cutting certain of the circuits; H are circuit closers for the wires of the sections
of various secondary systems, of the different stories of the building, K is an
electric generating battery, and I an alarm bell of usual form and kind, d is the
frame holding the electro magnet E and a is the armature for the said magent,
is the pointed break lever or arm to act against the notched edge of the break
wheel, the said lever being held by an insulating block e, secured to the frame F.
is an arm extending from the shaft of the break wheel which serves to operate
the slide for the opening, in the case through which the annunciator is read.
¡ are
the armatures for the electro-magnets D, which overhang at their free ends the
break wheel C, and operate at times to stop the motion of said wheel. is the
driving spring for the train of clock-wheels a', and, and is the escapement.
All of these parts are of the ordinary kind. The driving spring serves to turn the
break wheel C, which is secured to the shaft h, to which said spring is attached.
is a stud fixed rigidly to the break wheel C, which, as said wheel is turned in either
direction, encounters the post, passing through the frame F, and serves to prevent
said break wheel from being turned more than a single revolution.
The driving spring is wound up by an ordinary key placed upon the squared
end of the shaft, the shaft being turned through one revolution.
Passing a current through the magnet E, draws up the armature a, (which forms
a detent for the escapement) and allows the clock-work to move, carrying the
break wheel C slowly around in the direction indicated by arrow, in figure 1.
The periphery of the break-wheel is notched so that a stroke shall be given upon
the alarin bell at the central office each time a notch passes the point of the arm c.
Ai o, groups of three notches each are cut in the wheel, alternated by groups, o
of 4 notches each, there being blank spaces for pauses between the adjacent groups,
so that the strokes upon the hell will indicate the number 34 the number of
the groups being such that the number 34 is sounded three times in succession. The
notches, however, may be grouped so as to cause any other number than 34 to be
sounded, and repeated, as desired, more or less times. After these groups of notches
there come single notches, a, equally spaced, which are to cause the bell to strike to
indicate the number of the particular story or section of the building at which danger
exists, which stories or sections are numbered, in this instance from 1 to 5. Two
notches. "
are formed in the wheel, relatively in such a position that when the wheel
starts, they will reach the contact point, first and cause two strokes in quick succes-
sion upon the hell before the number of the building (34) is sounded. These two

page_text: quick strokes are to give a preliminary alarm at the central office, or elsewhere, that a
regular alarm of danger or fire is about to be sounded upon the bell, so that due notice
may be taken thereof. This is considered of great importance, for if the attention of
persons is not in some way thus called, the first number struck on the bell suddenly
and unannounced is apt to be lost, thereby causing confusion and uncertainty as to the
number struck.
The five electro-magneis D equally spaced around the upper part of the break-
wheel, are each electrically connected with one of the five stories or sections of the
building supplied with the system of fire alarm. These magnets are so placed that
the ends of their respective armatures,, reach over the face of the break wheel so that
when either one is brought down by its magnet it will just clear the surface of the
wheel. A pin (figures 1 and 2) projecting from the surface of the wheel, is of such
length and so placed that as the break-wheel turns it will pass under the armatures,,
without touching them, when they are unaffected by the magnets; but if either of
said armatures be brought down by its magnet it will stand in the way of, and be
encountered by the pin, serving to stop the rotation of the wheel. The magnet D and
the magnet E are connected with and operated by the local battery K, so that upon the
closing of any of the circuits operated by said battery, by a thermostat in any part of
the building, the clock work will be set in motion and simultaneously the armature of
a magnet will be brought down into position to receive the projection 1;
stop
the notion of the wheel as above stated. The magnets D are all joined as in one by
a wire
secured to the frame B of each.
One pole of the battery K, is joined to the clock work at e, by means of the wire
and the other pole of the battery is joined to the frames of the magnets 1), by
means of the wires, 2, 2 and g, as shown, on account of which the pin or projection /
of the break-wheel and the armatures of the magnets D, are oppositely electrified
and a circuit is formed when said pin touches either of said armatures, the local bells I
being included in said circuit.
and
The break-wheel Cand arms are also oppositely electrified by an outside battery
operating the line wires the currents of which move along the line wires and ², the
wire being connected with the clockwork and the wire p', being connected with the
arme as shown.
;
The apartments of the sections of the building supplied with the systems of wires
are to be furnished with thermostats, or other sensitive circuit closures by means of
which, when any undue heat occurs in any of said apartments, the circuit will be
closed and an alarm sounded. The projection, notches in the break-wheel, and
magnets are relatively so arranged with each other, and with the contact point
that when said wheel begins to turn, the precautionary strokes will be given, the
number of the building struck, and at least one notch, will pass the contact point,
giving its stroke upon the bell before the first of the armatures, is reached by the
effected
pin and the motion of the wheel stopped. These operations of the parts are
by the closing of a circuit. including the system of wires and apparatus belonging to
any one of the sections of the building.
"
The spaces between the notches and the distances between the armatures, are such
that before the pin reaches the armature of magnet, number 1, one notch will pass
the joint giving a single stroke upon the bell at the central office following the
strokes indicating the number of the street or building. Before said pin arrives at
the armature of magnet number 2, two notches will pass the joint g², and causes two
single strokes to be given upon the bell, and so in each case a number of single strokes
will be given upon the bell at the central office corresponding to the number of the
magnet, the armature of which interrupts the motion of the pin and break-wheel.
There is a magnet for each section of the building, the several magnets being
wires of the
respectively included in the circuits of said sections, the
several sections numbering from 1 upward, being joined to the magnets in the order
in which the pin 7 passes them as it is carried around by the break-wheel.
instance, the magnet first reached by the pin is numbered 1, and is joined to the
For

page_text: wires of section number 1; the next magnet reached by the pin is numbered 2, which
is joined to the system of the second section; and so on to the last.
From this it will be seen that in each case the number of single strokes upon the
bell, that is, the number of strokes caused by the single notches before the wheel
is stopped by an armature will correspond to the number of the magnet, to which said
armature belongs and to the number of the section, thus counting or pointing out the
exact section of the building at which the cause exists for the alarm. For instance,
if a thermostat closes the circuit in section 3, the armature of the magnet. D, number 3,
would be brought down to stop the pin before the latter reached the armature,
however three single strokes would be given the bell at the central office, after the
number of the building had been sounded, informing the attendant that the cause of
the alarm was in section number 3 of the building.
The normal position of the wheel C, when sei for action, is shown in figure 1, when
the escapement is released by the armature a, and said break-wheel starts around,
the precautionary alarm will be sounded, the number of the building will be repeatedly
struck and the number of the section in which the cause of the alarm exists will also
be indicated on the bell before the motion of the wheel is interrupted as stated.
The local bells are not inclosed in any of the circuits of the sections of the
building, and, as a consequence are not rung while the break-wheel is turning and
sending in the various alarms, as above described. When a circuit is closed by a
thermostat which serves to start the clock-work the magnet E and the D, belonging
to the closed circuit remain active until the pin / reaches the armatures of said
magnet D, and interrupts said circuit by short cutting through the smaller circuit by
way of the bell L.
This throws the whole force of the battery on said bell and causes it to ring after
the other alarms have been sent into the central office. The hell or bells L, are
purposely left out of the circuit controlling the operation of the break-wheel so that
their action shall not interfere with the action of any of the parts within the case A,
during the sounding of the alarm at the central office.
The projection serves another purpose. If for any reason, the armature / is noi
drawn down sufficiently to stop the wheel C, yet, if it merely touches it the current
will pass from to and thus ring the bell Land also short circuit the magnet 1.
The armatures, therefore drops and stops the wheel. The stopping of wheel is
therefore, not dependent upon, as a mechanical stop alone but as what might appro-
priately be termed an electric stop.
A wire leads from the battery wire through helix of the magnets E, thence
through the frames of the magnet D, being insulated from said frames, the helices
of said magnets D being each joined to said wire. From the other ends of
the respective helices of said magnets, wires o, 0, 0, 0, and lead to the respective
section 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the building, as shown, each being coupled in open circuit.
to the main battery wire, by numerous thermostats e,,,, and eª.
causes.
:
The arrangement of the parts shown in this application serves to prevent the sending
in of false alarms by the joining of the thermostats or by reason of other accidental
Upon the edge of the break-wheel between the notches p, and the notch »,
nearest thereto, there is a blank of some length which has to be traversed by the
point of the arm, as the wheel moves round, before any alarm whatever can be
sounded. On this account any momentary closing of the circuit at a thermostat, or
otherwise will be passed in silence, no alarin being produced until the circuit is closed
sufficiently long continuously to carry the cluster of notches to the point of the
arme, excepting that a great number of successive momentary closings of the circuit
would bring said notches p to the point of the arm, aforesaid.
Aside from causing to be given a precautionary alarm as above described, the small
notches 1'; also by giving an alarm, serve to notify the attendant that the said cluster
of notches o are being brought around dangerously near to the circuit-breaker from
unseen causes such as the accidental momentary closings of the circuit, above
mentioned.

page_text: The devices G and G, figures 1 and 4, for opening and closing the circuits each
consist of a frame, secured within the case A, said frame holding a longitudinal
pin which projects sufficiently far to be encountered and pushed back by the door B.
of the case, when it is swung shut. A spiral spring encircling the pin, within the
tube, through which said pin passes within, tends to urge the pin in a direction out
of the frame, by pressing upon a collar, of said pin.
When the pin is thus forced out, it electrically connects the two wires and for
instance, while the closing of the door presses the pin back and breaks the connection.
is an insulating block secured to the frame, to which block the wire plis attached,
and the pin has a metallic head 1, to which the wire is secured. This head comes
in contact with said wire when the door is opened and the spring forces the pin
outward.
To the wires and are attached the wires and respectively, going to and
returning from the central office, which course the current takes as long as the wires p
and remain separated, which is all the time during which the door of the case A is
closed, but the opening of the door connects the wires pandas stated and short
cuts the circuit at s, leaving out the wires and e¹. The circuit breaker G is in
every way like the one shown at G, the wires and of the former corresponding
to the wires and of the latter. The wires and connect respectively with the
wire on either side of the magnet E, which wires y' and ' when joined at G, serve
to cut said electro-magnet out of the circuit. The numbers of the sections or stories
of a building supplied with this system of fire alarm apparatus are painted or marked
upon the side of the break-wheel in such positions that when the motion of the latter
is stopped at any point, as above stated, the corresponding number of the storey or
section may he read through the opening e, in the door of the case as shown in
figure 5.
The invention is not limited to the precise construction hereinbefore described and
shown as it is evident that many modifications may be made therein without departing
from the spirit of the invention.
It may be desirable to place a disc ², shown in dotted lines in figure 7, of sheet
metal or paste board upon the shaft h, of larger diameter than the break-wheel C, in
front of the latter to enable one to put the numbers of the stories or sections
upon the
same in larger characters to be more easily read, in which case the opening through
the door of the case would have to be much larger in proportion than shown, and
nearer the side of the door next the hinged joint.
"
1
This case A is designed to be made of metal, well protected from the weather, and
placed out of doors to be seen and have the clock-work reset, by persons upon the
street. On account of its being exposed to the weather it is provided with a sliding
cover to close the opening except when it becomes necessary to read the section
upon the wheel or disc after an alarm has been sounded. This cover for the opening
is fitted to move in vertical slides, & fixed upon the exterior of the door. It is arranged
to fall by gravity, but is held up automatically by an arm reaching outward from the
shaft h, under a stud el projecting inwardly from a face of said cover, as shown, when
the wheel C, commences to move around, it allows the cover to gradually drop to
uncover the opening. In turning the wheel backward with the key, as above stated,
to reset it after an alarm has been sounded, the arm, catching under the stud e', lifts
the cover to its place over the opening, where it is held until another alarm is sounded.
It is preferred to place the case upon the outside of the wall of the building, that it
may be at all times accessible, and the circuits of the sections of the building may be
at any time tested by the Insurance agents, or others interested in the safety of the
building and its contents.
i
The armatures are held normally away from the break wheel and the respective
magnets, where the latter are inactive, by slender spiral springs, f, figure 2, attached
to their outer overhanging ends and to the frames. Set screws, ', through the upper
plates or parts of the respective frames serve to determine the upward movements of
the armatures as effected by the springs/.
For testing the various systems of apparatus within the building circuit closers H

page_text: are employed, there being one for each section that is provided with an independent
system of Fire alarm apparatus. A wire connection is made between the several push
butions or circuit closers, and the respective sections, so that a current may be sent
through the entire apparatus or either section by closing the circuit at the push
button corresponding to the section in number. These push buttons are enclosed in
case A, with the clock work and magnets so that they cannot be operated while the
door of the case is closed and while the circuit to the central office is closed.
The opening of the door cuts out the wires leading to the central office by short
cutting the circuit af G as above described. The opening of the door also makes a
short connection at G, cutting out the magnet E. From this the tests of the systems
can be made without starting the clock-work or causing an alarm at the central office.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to me by my
foreign Correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :
1. In an electric alarm system, the combination with circuit controlling mechanism
in circuit with receiving apparatus at a distant or central station, of releasing devices
for the said circuit controlling mechanism, and electro-magnet defent devices therefor,
and circuit controllers located in different sections of a hotel or other structure to be
protected, the said circuit controllers being in circuit with the said electro-magnetic
detent devices, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
:
2. In an electric alarm system, the combination of an electric circuit including,
first, a normally open electric thermostat in the section of a building; secondly an
electric generator: thirdly a clock-work electro-magnetic releasing device; and
fourthly an electro-magnetic stopping device, and a circuit breaking wheel in the said
building, and in an independent signal circuit normally closed; the said wheel being
geared to said clock-work, and the said stopping device being provided for said wheel,
substantially as and for the purpose described.
;
3. In an electric alarm system, the combination of electric thermostats or similar
circuit closers located at different sections of a structure, such for instance as a house
or hotel a circuit breaking wheel and electro-magnets in circuit respectively with
said circuit closers and provided with armatures adjacent to said wheel which has a
projection of such length as normally to pass said armatures without touching them,
all-located in a noticeable position in said building, such for instance in the office of a
hotel or upon the outside of the building; and an electric bell or similar signal
located at a distant station such as an engine house or fire tower, and in circuit with
said circuit breaking wheel, the said magnets and said signal being in independent
circuits, substantially as and for the purpose described.
4. In an electric alarm system, the combination with a moving circuit controlling
mechanism provided with a stop or projection and in circuit with receiving apparatus
at a distant or central station of an electro-magnet in a distinct circuit, the armature
of said magnet being normally held out of the path of the said stop or projection, but
being adapted to be drawn into the path of the said stop or projection when the con-
dition of the magnet circuit, is changed, and the said electro-magnet having in its
circuit a circuit controller, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
5. In an electric alarm system, the combination of a series of electro-magnets
connected respectively by electric conductors with independent systems of alarm
devices; a rotating break-wheel formed with notches to correspond in number to
the number of said systems; a contact point for said wheel; a projection of said
wheel to encounter the armatures of said magnets, and a current generating battery,
the said alarm devices.being located in sections of a building such as a hotel, and the
break wheel and the other named elements, at any convenient position in or near said
building, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
6. In an electric alarm system, the combination of a normally closed electric
circuit, including a continuous current generator, a circuit breaking wheel provided
with notches upon its periphery, a contact point, which presses upon said wheel, and
an electric signal, the said notches being of two kinds, the one for giving an attention

page_text: or warning signal and the other for giving the alarm proper; and a second circuit.
normally open, and including an electric generator, an automatic circuit closer, an
automatic electro-magnetic stop for said wheel, and an automatic electro-magnetic
clock releasing device for said wheel, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
7. In an electric alarm system, the combination of a normally closed electric circuit
including a continuous current generator and electric signal located at one station, a
circuit breaker located at a second station; a second circuit normally open, and
containing a second generator, an electro-magnetic releasing device for said circuit
breaker which is geared to clock-work normally tending to propel said circuit breaker
wheel, an electro-magnetic stopping device for said circuit breaker, and an automatic
circuit closer located at a third station; and a third circuit located at the said second
station, and including a second electric signal such as a bell, and normally open
through the said circuit breaker and including also the said second generator, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose described.
8. In an electric alarm system, the combination of a circuit breaking wheel
provided in the order named with notches for giving an attention signal, with other
notches for giving an alarm indicating a number such as that of a building, and withi
still other notches for giving another number as of a section of said building; an
automatic electro-magnetic releasing device for said break wheel which is geared to
clock-work normally tending to propel said wheel; and an independent electric
stopping device for said wheel; both the releasing and stopping devices being located
in the same circuit normally open and the said wheel being in a separate circuit
normally closed, substantially as and for the purpose described.
9. In an electric alarm system, a moving circuit breaking wheel provided with
notches for giving a precautionary aların, with other notches for giving an alarm
indicating a number, and still other notches to indicate a second number, and with a
projecting contact point or electrode for short circuiting an electro-magnetic device
which has an operating connection with a stop for checking the motion of said wheel,
the said electrode being in circuit with a moveable electrode which has an electro-
magnetic operating connection with an electric thermostat substantially as described.
10. In an electric alarm system, the combination of a moving circuit breaking
wheel, provided with three sets of notches for giving three corresponding and distinct
alarms and with a projection in a normally open circuit including a circuit closer
said wheel and an electro-magnetic stop for said wheel independent of said projection
the said electro-magnetic stop being in a short circuit to said projection; and an
electric bell or similar signal located in a circuit normally open through said projection
substantially as and for the purpose described.
11. In an electric alarm system, the combination of an electric generator; an
automatic rotating or moving circuit breaker; and a stop for said circuit breaker:
held to be encountered by a projection thereof, said circuit breaker and said stop being
oppositely electrified by said generator, on account of which when said projection of
the circuit breaker and stop meet, a new circuit for the new current is formed,
substantially as and for the purpose described.
12. In an electric alarm system, the combination of an electrified rotating break-
wheel formed with notches and a pin or projection; an oppositely electrified contact
point or arm for said break-wheel, by means of which when said notches pass said
point alarms are given; in combination with a series of interrupters magnetically
operated by separate circuits, and provided for said break wheel which is held to be
encountered by said projection, by means of which said wheel may be interrupted at
different stages of its revolution to transmit different signals dependent upon the point
at which it is so interrupted, substantially as described.
13. In an electric alarm system, the combination with a circuit breaking wheel and
an electro-magnetic releasing device therefor, of a series of electro-magnetic detents
for the said wheel located in independent shunt circuits, and a series of open circuit
push buttons H, one in each of the shunt circuits, including the electro-magnetic
detents, an open circuit push button G in a shunt around the circuit breaking wheel,
and an open circuit push button G¹ in a shunt around the electro-magnetic releasing

page_text: device, whereby the system of circuits can be tested without releasing the circuit
breaking wheel, substantially as described.
14. In combination with the shaft H, of the electric circuit breaking wheel C, an
arm or projection r, extending therefrom, and a covering over an opening a
supported in slides and normally resting upon said arm; suitable characters or
words being located behind said opening, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
15. The combination with a circuit breaking wheel provided with notches to
represent a definite signal, and a spring normally in contact with the said wheel and
an unbroken space between the point of contact and the first notch, of an electro-
magnetic releasing device for the said wheel, the magnet of the said releasing device
being operatively connected with the escapement which controls the movements of the
wheel, and being also in circuit with one or more circuit controllers, such as
thermostats, whereby the spring will remain in contact with the wheel for a con-
siderable period, and whereby the signalling mechanism will be operated only by an
extended or a permanent change in the condition of the circuit, substantially as set
forth.
16. The combination with a circuit controlling wheel provided with suitable releasing
mechanism and with a series of detents capable of stopping the said wheel at different
stages of its progress, of an opening in the casing in front of the said wheel, and an
annunciating disc operated by the movement of the wheel so as to bring different
signs or numbers in line with the said opening, whereby the reading at the said
opening will always indicate at what point the progress of the disc has been interrupted
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
17. In an electric alarm system, the combination of a moving circuit breaking
wheel, provided with two sets of notches for giving two corresponding and distinct
signals, and with a projection in a normally open circuit including a circuit closer,
said wheel, and an electro-magnet stop for said wheel independent of said projection
and an electric bell or similar signal located in a circuit normally open through said
projection, substantially as and for the purpose described.
18. In an electric alarm system, a moving circuit controlling mechanism and
electro magnetic detents located in independent circuits and arranged at different.
points along the path of the same, said detents being in circuit with a series of circuit
controllers, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
19. In an electric alarm system, the combination of a circuit controlling mechanism;
an electro-magnetic stop therefor; sections of a building such as the floors of a house;
and circuit closers such as electric thermostats in said sections, and having electrical
connections with said stopping devices; said mechanism being in circuit with an
electric signal at a distant station such as at a fire engine house, substantially as and
for the purpose described.
20. In an electric alarm system, the combination with a circuit breaking wheel
and an electro-magnetical releasing device therefor, of a series of electro-magnetic
detents for the said wheel located in independent shunt circuits a series of open
circuit push buttons, one in each of the circuits, including the electro-magnetic
detents, and an open push button G; in a shunt around the circuit breaking wheel,
whereby the system of circuits can be tested without sending in an alarm, sub-
stantially as described.
21. In an electric alarm system, a moving circuit controlling mechanism and a
series of detents for the same by means of which said mechanism can be held or
checked at different stages of its progress after release, whereby the same circuit
controller may be made to indicate different signals dependent upon the point where
its progress is interrupted, substantially as set forth.
WILLIAM E. HEYS.