IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Daniel Jones, of Petistree. Wickham Market
Suffolk, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND
APPLYING MOTIVE POWER."
Sealed the 15th July 1873, and dated the 23rd May 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Daniel Jones at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd May 1873.
I, DANIEL JONES, of Petistree, Wickham Market, Suffolk, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING
AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows :—
My Invention consists of improvements for obtaining and applying
motive power by the reaction consequent on compressing water or other
liquid or fluid body, which I purpose obtaining and using in the
following manner, viz.:-I use two or other number of strong hydraulic
cylinders set above or alongside cach other and affixed on a moveable
carriage in a boat or vessel where power is needed. These cylinders
are connected together by a bent hydraulic tube turned and fitted in
c

page_text: ends of cylinders, which tube together with cylinder, ends form the
chamber in which the water or other liquid is compressed when the
apparatus is working. In the top of lower cylinder is fitted a pipe open
to the atmosphere for the escape of air. In the upper cylinder is also
fitted a pipe through which water or other liquid or fluid is poured or
forced to fill the cylinders and tube before commencing work. When
filled, the pipes are closed by means of blank flanges or taps.
Working in lower cylinder is a plunger and in upper cylinder a ram
connected by means of links or rods to a strong lever. This lever
swivels on a joint pin at one end and at the other is attached to the
lower plunger; about a foot or other convenient distance above this lower
connection is attached the rods or links, coupling the upper plunger or
ram to the lever.
The apparatus being arranged I attach to the lower plunger by means
of a cross head and chains, spur or bevil gearing by which the plunger
may be forced into cylinder and also thro' the lever and connections; the
ram or plunger is forced outward, by which means thro' the compression
of the liquid power is stored up and may be used either thro' the
interposition of wheels and axles or direct from the ram.
If great
power is required I prefer to use an hydraulic ram worked by a force
pump for forcing plunger into cylinder instead of by gearing. The
power may be utilized as before.
hannlind in
MAN
A in which motive now is at
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 25
filed by the said Daniel Jones in the Great Seal, Patent Office
on the 22nd November 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DANIEL
JONES, of Petistree, Wickham Market, Suffolk, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her 30
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Daniel Jones, Her special license,

page_text: that I, the said Daniel Jones, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Daniel Jones, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Daniel Jones, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Daniel Jones, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in obtaining motive power by the reaction
consequent on compressing water or other liquid or fluid body, for which
purpose I use two or more cylinders set above or along side each other
and affixed to a movable carriage for land, or in a boat or vessel when
for water. In the top of each cylinder is fitted a pipe, one com-
municating with the force pump or water supply, while the other is open
to the atmosphere to allow of the escape of air while the cylinders are
being filled with water or other fluid by which the apparatus is worked;
either or both of these pipes may be closed when required. Usually I
prefer to allow the air to escape from the upper cylinder and to force the
fluid into the lower cylinder; connected to both cylinders is a bent pipe
having free communication with the interior of each through the ends
which are bored to receive it. The pipe together with the ends of the
cylinders form the chamber in which the liquid is compressed.
Working in the lower cylinder is a plunger and in the upper cylinder
is a ram connected by means of links or rods to strong levers. These
levers swivel on a joint pin at the top which pin is held in position by
strong uprights or stanchions fixed to the framework, the plunger being

page_text: connected to the levers at the bottom by means of horizontal connecting
rods jointed to the lower ends of the levers and also to the head of the
plunger. About a foot or other convenient distance above this lower
connection to the levers are attached the rods or links coupling the
upper plunger or ram to the levers. The bottom plunger is bored for a
part of its length so as to form also a small cylinder and allowing a
small ram to be fitted within it; this small ram may either be fixed to
the framework or allowed a slight movement. When the apparatus is
fixed I force into the lower cylinder by means of a force pump or in any
other way, water or other fluid until all the air is forced out and the
chamber becomes filled with fluid; both pipes are then closed to prevent
the fluid from escaping. Connected to the force pump is another pipe
leading to the small ram which is closed while the fluid is being forced
into the cylinders. This pipe is fitted to the ram in the same manner
that the pipes are fitted to the cylinders, the ram being bored for its
whole length for the free passage of the fluid. This inner ram abuts
against the framework and may be fixed or allowed a slight movement
to prevent sudden jerks of the machinery.
The apparatus now being ready for work, water or other fluid is forced
into the inner ram through which it passes and acts upon the inner sides a
and end of the large plunger forcing it into the cylinder. This plunger
being forced into the lower cylinder forces the ram outwards from the
upper cylinder through the medium of the enclosed fluid. The ram
being attached to the vertical levers carries them back with it by which
means the side connecting rods also attached to the levers and plunger
are tightened, but while the plunger moves inwards at the rate of
6 inches the ram can only move outwards at the rate of 5 inches,
therefore the space occupied by the fluid becomes less in the proportion
of 1 inch in 6 inches.
The real amount of compression must of course depend upon the
power of the force pump and strength of the materials. The reaction
arising from the comparative compression of the fluid acting through
the various parts of the machine constitutes the power obtained.
To prevent accidents from over pressure I put into the large end of
the small ram an escape valve pressing against a spring recessed into the
framework. This spring may be made of any strength so as to insure
the safety valve acting at any required pressure. There is also a tap
"

page_text: inserted into this ram to draw off the water to allow of the quick return
of the plunger. When the water is out of the inner ram the plunger
may be forced back by opening the communication between the forco
pump and lower cylinder and forcing the water behind the plunger.
My apparatus may be worked by hand, steam, or any other motive
power.
This improved apparatus being entirely self contained does not cause
so much vibration as ordinary engines giving the same power, nor are
such massive foundations required. It is also simpler in construction
having less working parts, nor is it so liable to get out of repair and may
be constructed at considerably less cost. It also occupies but littlo
space and is unusally economical as regards working expenses.
The apparatus is also very steady in its action, thereby doing less
injury to the machinery or carriage it is actuating than is the case with
other engines. It is more immediately under control, and its momentum
being small it may be quickly stopped.
With regard to vessels no outside paddles or screws are required, and
with land engines no heavy driving wheels and outside motion work are
required.
The power obtained by this apparatus may be utilized in any way in
which
power is at present employed.
And in order that my Invention may be better understood and more
easily carried into effect, I will now proceed to describe the Drawings
hereunto annexed.
Sheet 1 shews my apparatus constructed with cast-iron cylinders
(which must be of the best quality, and erected on a framework of
wood.
Sheet 2 shews the apparatus constructed with cylinders of hammered
or compressed steel and crected on an iron framework; but I do not
O confine myself strictly to either of these methods of construction, because
the steel cylinders may be erected on a framework of wood, or the cast-
iron cylinders erected on an iron framework if desired, nor do I confine
myself to the above described as the only modes of constructing my
apparatus, as the same may be varied in details in many ways without
5 departing from the principle of my Invention.

page_text: Sheet I. Figure 1 is a side elevation of the apparatus, the working
parts being shewn in dotted section; Figure 2 is a front elevation;
Figure 3 is a plan. a is the lower cylinder into which the fluid is forced
so as to fill the chamber; 6 is the upper cylinder; these two cylinders
form with the bent pipe f the compression chamber; c is the plunger
bored for a part of its length to form a small cylinder; d is the ram
working in the upper cylinder; e is an escape pipe to allow the air to
escape from the cylinders; fis a feed pipe through which the fluid is
forced to fill the cylinders; 9 is the lower ram fitting inside the plunger
and is bored through for the free passage of the fluid; % is the supply
pipe to the ram through which the fluid is forced so as to actuate the
plunger c, and thereby react upon the ram so as to produce motive
power is the bent pipe connecting the upper and lower cylinders;
1, 2, are the side connecting rods by which the plunger c, ram d, and
levers m, m, are kept in their relative positions; m, m, are the vertical
levers connected also to the upper ram and swivelling on a joint pin at
the upper end ; n, n, are links connecting the levers to the rams; o, o, are
the uprights or stanchions holding the joint pin in position; p is a
safety valve inserted into the small ram and kept in position by the
ing q; ris a part of the framing forming an abutment for the small
ram; s is a tap to release the water from the plunger; t is the joint
pin held in position by the stanchions; x is the framework of the
apparatus.
Sheet II. Figure 1 shews a side elevation; Figure II. shews a front
elevation; Figure III. shews a plan; the letters of reference and
explanatory notes refer to similar parts as in Sheet I., but the cylinders
which are in this case made of steel are shewn let into a part of the
framework and held in position by metal clips instead of carrying lugs.
for bolts as in Sheet I. These clips may be cast to the framework or
attached by bolts.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and how the same is to be carried into effect, I would have it
understood that I do not restrict myself to the use of the peculiar
arrangements of machinery herein-before set forth and shewn by the
Drawings hereunto annexed, as the same may be varied more or less
without departing from the principle of my Invention; but that what I
claim and desire to secure by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is

page_text: Firstly. The arrangement of the hydraulic cylinders, bent pipe,
plunger, and rams for the purpose of obtaining motive power in the
manner herein-before described and illustrated by the accompanying
Drawings.
Secondly. The arrangement of levers, connecting rods, and stanchions,
for the purpose of connecting the said plunger and ram so as to utilize
the power as herein-before described and illustrated by the accompanying
Drawings.
And thirdly. The arrangement and relative position of the small ram
through which fluid is forced to actuate the plunger, and which reacts
upon the ram so as to produce motive power in the manner herein-before
described and illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Daniel Jones, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.