IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY TO BE USED FOR BADGING ATMENT TO TA MINAT "RAWING, MOULDING, FORMING, AND FORGING ARTICLES IN
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Healey, Engineer, and John Foster & John
Lowe, Spindle Makers, all of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of Lan-
caster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY TO BE USED FOR
BADGING ATMENT TO TA MINAT "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Healey, John Foster,
and John Lowe at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 26th October 1854.
We, JOHN HEALEY, Engineer, and Jonx FOSTER and JOHN LOWE, Spindle
Makers, all of. Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY TO BE USED
FOR DRAWING, MOULDING, FORMING, AND FORGING ARTICLES IN METAL," to be as
follows:
The first part of our Invention relates to a novel arrangement of rolls orrollers
and to a manner of operating with them, for the purpose of drawing, moulding,
forming, or forging. In the manner of operating here referred unto, the metal
to be operated upon is entered between the rolls or rollers from that side of
them from which it will be delivered or rolled out when operated upon by them;
[Price 8d.]

page_text: and in order that the metal to be operated upon may be entered between the
rolls or rollers, they are formed with a portion of their peripheries removed, in
other words, with flat places on them, which come opposite each other every
revolution of the rolls or rollers, leaving at that moment a space between them
through which the metal is cutered, and as this is done while they are revolving,
the speed is regulated to give the necessary time. Stops ar
sare arranged on the
front or back side of the roll or rollers, against which the ends of the bar of
metal or collars fixed temporarily on it may be held, by which means that point
of the bar of metal which the rolls or rollers are to commence to operate upon
cach time is adjusted or fixed.. Grooves are cut in the rollers of such form and
extent (either for parallel or taper work, as may be required).
The second part of our Invention relates to an arrangement of mechanism
to be used for striking or giving blows upon swages for forming articles of
.metal, or which may be otherwise used for drawing, forging, or framing metals.
The mechanism here referred to consists of two or more hammers; the ends
of the parts corresponding to the handles are jointed with the ends of a straight
lever, which has its fulcrum (which is equidistant between its ends) secured
on a shaft fixed in bearings; and the handles at a point about the middle of
-them are also jointed with another similar lever by connecting links, the latter
lever being free on the shaft. The handles extend from each end of the fast
lever at opposite sides at about right angles to it, and the other lever, which is
free on the shaft, is about parallel with them. With this arrangement the move.
ment of one hammer is communicated to the other, and if the shaft be revolved,
and the head of a swage or other article be brought within the path of the
hammers, they will strike upon it; the article will form an obstruction to the
progress of the haminer; but as the shaft continues its revolution, the fixed lever,
to which the ends of the hammers are fixed, draws it off the article, by pulling
it inwards; it is thrown outwards again for the next blow by centrifugal force,
or by the assistance of a spring, which exerts its force upon that lever which is
'free on the axis. The hammers can be drawn inwards so as not to strike, by
applying friction to the lever, which is free on the shaft. A number of hammers
may be arranged on the same shaft, or one arrangement of hammers may be
made to slide on a shaft: If used to strike on swages, the śwages block may
be made to slide, so as to bring the required swage under the hammer; or
otherwise swages on pivots may be used.
.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Healey, John Foster, and John Lowe in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 26th April 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
HEALEY, Engineer, and JOHN FCSTER and JOHN LOWE, Spindle Makers, all of
Bolton-le-Mcors, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
John Healey, John Foster, and John Lowe, Her special license that we, the
said John Healey, John Foster, and John Lowe, our executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, or such others as we, the said John Healey, John Foster,
and John Lowe, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY TO BE USED FOR DRAWING, MOULDING, FORMING, AND FORGING ARTICLES
IN METAL," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said John
Healey, John Foster, and John Lowe, by an instrument in writing under our
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months-
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Healey, John Foster, and
John Lowe, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in.
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and.
ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings
(that is to say):-
:-
The first part of our Invention relates to a novel construction and arrange..
ment of rolls or rollers, and to a manner of operating with them, which may be
advantageously made use of in drawing, moulding, forming, or forging various
articles in metal, such as spindles, flyers, and other articles used in preparing
and spinning machines, and many other articles used for other purposes. In
the manner of operating with rolls or rollers for the purposes herein-before
referred unto, our Invention consists in entering the metal to be operated upon
between the rolls or rollers from that side of them from which it will be

page_text: delivered or rolled out when operated upon by them; and in order that the
metal to be operated upon may be entered between the rolls or rollers, this
part of our Invention further consists in forming or constructing one of them
or both of them with portions of their peripheries removed, in other words, with
flat or sunk places upon them, which are arranged so as to come opposite each
other every revolution of the rolls or rollers, leaving at that moment a space
between them, through which the metal is entered, and if this is done while
they are revolving, the speed is regulated to give the necessary time. In using
rolls or rollers arranged and constructed as referred to above, stops are used
either on the front or back side of the rolls or rollers, against which the ends
of the bar of metal or collars fixed temporarily on it may be held, by which
means that point of the bar of metal which the rolls or rollers are to commence
to operate upon each time is affixed or adjusted. The rolls or rollers may be
made of any convenient diameter, and are formed or constructed with grooves
or moulds of such form and extent (either for parallel or taper work) as the
nature of the article to be drawn, moulded, formed, or forged may require. ….
For the purpose of more clearly explaining this part of our Invention, and
the mode in which we carry it into effect, we refer to the Figures of the
Drawings annexed hereunto, in which the same letters and figures of reference
will be repeated on the same or corresponding parts on each Figure of the
Drawings.
Fig. 1 exhibits a front view of a pair of rolls or rollers; Fig. 2, an end view;
the driving gear and pulleys in this view being shewn only in dotted line.
a are the side frames of the machine; a', a cylindrical stay having flanges, by-
which the sides a are screwed to it; b are the rolls or roilers, having portions
of their peripheries removed (seen best in section, as shewn in Fig. 4); their
journals work in bearings 61, 62, supported and fixed in the side frames a; the
lower bearing or step forms a support for the upper bearing 62; 63 are bolts,
which screw in the side frames to hold down the caps. The external
diameters of the rolls or rollers are equal, and they are geered together by
equal toothed wheels 65, which are keyed on one end of the axis of each roll or
roller, and revolving motion is conveyed to them by a wheel 6, keyed on the
axis of the lower roll or roller, which wheel geers with a pinion c¹ on the shaft c,
which first receives motion from the driving power employed by a strap working
on the fast and loose pulleys c. The shaft c passes through the cylindrical stay:
al, working in bearings on the side frames a, and has at the end opposite the
driving end a fly wheel c3 keyed upon it. We have herein-before stated that
grooves or moulds are made in the rolls or rollers (in that part of their peri-
pheries which is not sunk or cut away) of such form and extent as the nature

page_text: of the article to be drawn, moulded, formed, or forged may require, which
grooves or moulds may be made in the readiest manner the workman can
devise; but we have found that the moulds or grooves for such articles as are;
circles in sections across their axis may be most readily and truly made in the
following manner, namely, by first forming of steel an article of the size and
shape of the article to be moulded, formed, or forged by the rolls or rollers,
which is then fluted, or made so as to act as a "rimer" when hardened; it is
then secured in the end of a spindle, say, a lathe or drill spindle, which can be
revolved, and at the same time moved endways. The spindle is fixed at right
angles to the plane of the axis of the two rolls or rollers, the "rimer" pointing
between the rollers at the point; the groove or mould is required to be formed
in them, (in which a guide nick has been previously cut in the lathe ;) the
spindle is then adjusted so that the point of the "rimer" will enter and act
when revolved on both rollers (which are supposed to be geered together) at
the part of them where that end of the mould is to commence, and the rolls
or rollers are revolved as the "rimer" clears itself, their surface moving at the
same speed as the "rimer" is advanced, so that the size of each section of the
"rimer" is cut in a corresponding part of the surface of the rolls or rollers.
The manner in which this is accomplished will be better understood by refer-
ence to Fig. 4. b, rolls or rollers (end sectional view); d, "rimer;" e, spindle;
el, bearings in which spindle is fixed; e, pulley for revolving the spindle, which
slides endways through the pulley; /, screw which acts against end of spindle (e)
to force it forward, screwing through a boss in the wheel f¹, which is free-to
revolve-in. the fixing g, that is connected with the bearings by the stays e".
The wheel geers with another wheelf on a shaft f, parallel to the-spindle e..
This shaft (3) is free to revolve in bearings in the fixing at one end, and in
a fixing to the side frame a of the rolls at the other end, at which end it has a
worm fixed upon it, which geers with a worm wheel fa, keyed on the end of
the axis of one of the rolls, which are geered together as when in use. The
pitches of the screw fand the worm, or the proportions of the wheels f¹, f², f³
are regulated so that the end motion communicated to the spindle e and the
surface of the rollers will be equal; the motion is given to advance or with-
draw the spindle by the handle fx, in the wheel 2. The rolls or rollers may
each be made all in one piece, or they may be made in sections; that is, rings
or washers of steel may be made with the proper form and shape of the grooves
cut in their faces or outer edges, which may be tightly fitted on a shaft b*, side
by side, and keyed so as to revolve with it, as shewn in Fig. 4.
9
In operating with the rolls or rollers, the metal to be operated upon may be
gradually reduced or drawn by changing from one groove or mould to other

page_text: smaller grooves or moulds; but in drawing or reducing metal to form taper
articles, it may generally be done in the same mould or groove, by entering at
first a short length of the metal between the rolls, and afterwards more and
more for each successive entry. In Fig. 2, by a side view, and in Fig. 3, by a
plan view, we have exhibited mechanism which may be used for guiding and
regulating the entry of the bars between the rolls or rollers. are side brackets
secured to the side frames a of the machine; these brackets form the path of
a carriage or frame, which is mounted on pulleys k¹, fixed on shafts k², that
pass from one side to the other, being free to revolve in bearings in the frame
or carriage. Notches may be made in the upper surface of the cross bars
3,,, of the carriage or frame opposite each groove or mould in the rolls,
which will serve as a guide to enter the bar (when placed in them) between
the rolls. To limit the length of bar entered between the rolls, a collar should
be screwed temporarily upon it at a fixed distance from the end of the bar,
which collar should fit between the two cross bars 3, 4, of the carriage frame,
and a stop should be placed to fix the distance the carriage frame is to be
pushed towards the rolls or rollers. In the Figs. 2 and 3 we have also shewn
an arrangement of stop mechanism, by which the bar may be entered at
different distances between the rolls in a series of entries. Z is a notched or
stepped plate, which is fitted and fixed to the framing, so as to be free to slide
vertically up and down; this plate forms the stop to limit the distance which
the carriage shall move towards the rolls by obstructing the passage of a
finger, screwed to the side of the carriage frame. It will be seen that
notches may be cut in the plate for any required distance, and that any
require. stop may be used by sliding the plate up or down to bring it
opposite the finger on the carriage. The plate is held in any required
elevation by a bar (sliding in bearings h, fixed to the bracket h), which
takes into ratchet teeth formed in the plate l, being held in the teeth when
not acted on by greater force by a spring 1, secured to the bar l', and one of
its bearings ; when this bar is pulled out of the ratchet teeth, the plate lis
free to fall by its own gravity. 73 is another bar, sliding in bearings h', (screwed
to the bracket); on the end of this bar an incliue plane is formed, which,
when the bar is pulled, will come against one of a series of pins fixed in the
plate, at equal pitches with the ratchet teeth, and thus causing the plate to
rise up equal to one ratchet tooth, the incline of the ratchet tooth forcing back
the bar', which, by the force of the spring 12, immediately takes hold of the next
ratchet tooth lower down, when the bar 13 is allowed to go back by the force of a
spring (not shewn); the under side of the incline on the end of the bar 3 will
come against the pin below it, but as it cannot force the plate down by reason

page_text: of the resistance of the bar in that direction, that end of the bar is made
free vertically as well as endways, so that it will rise up as the bar goes back,
and drop when again at the end of the incline; it will thus be seen: that
every reciprocation of the bar 13 (of sufficient extent) will cause the platė l.to
ascend one tooth of the ratchet. A finger is screwed on the bar 13, against
which a finger x (see Fig. 3) on the carriage may be made to come when
the carriage is pulled back far cncugh, which will thus cause the plate / to
ascend. The finger. on the bar 13 is made to come against a projection 15
froin the bar, when the carriage is pulled still further back, which will thus
pull back.the bar 1, and allow the plate 7.tó descend. The workman moves
the carriage towards the rolls and 'the bar (m) between them when the sunk
parts of the rolls come opposite each other, and as the bar is rolled out; the
carriage will be forced back. In drawing small taper articles from lieated bars
of metal, the point will be found to cool rapidly, the heat being abstracted: by
the rolls; it will, therefore, be found advantageous to heat the rolls up to about
two hundred and twelve degrees of temperature, and to keep the atmosphere
of the room as. hot as convenient. The rolls will be kept of the most even
temperature by making them hollow, and heating them by steam, which may
be applied in the same manner as it is to calender rollers for. finishing woven
fabrics.
:
The second part of our Invention relates to an arrangement of meclianism to
be used for striking or giving blows upon swages, for forming articles of metal,
or which may be otherwise used for drawing, forging, or forming articles in
metal, and it consists in an arrangement of two hammers, which are mounted
on arms on a revolving shaft, which we shall most easily explain by référence
to the Figs. 5 and 6 of the Drawings annexed hereto Fig. 5 is a front: view,
and Fig. 6 is a side or end sectional view of the mechanism.. 'a are side
frames; b.is a shaft, working in bearings carried on the side frames; this shaft
has revolving motion imparted to it by a strap or belt from the driving.power
employed; working on the fast and loose pulleys b', and upon it are keyed two
arms or levers C, to the ends of which are jointed the ends of the arms or
handle parts. of the hammers.d!, which are keyed to short shafts c¹, the ends
of which are free in, and project to, the outside of the ends of the arms or
levers c. On the ends of the projecting shafts c' are keyed levers e, in a line
parallel to the arms or handles dof the hammers; the ends of these levers are
connected together by links f, with which they are jointed; by this means the
motion of one: hammer, is conveyed to the other. It will be seen that nearer
the handles d' of the hammers approach to the line of the arms or levers (c), to
which they are jointed, and further they will be from the axis of rotation (6);

page_text: and on the contrary, further they are from being in line with the arms or
levers (c), and nearer they will be to their axis of rotation. It is necessary to
limit the inward and outward movement of the hammers, and this is done by
the lever g, that is jointed with the two connecting links, which lever, though
free on the shaft c, its movement is limited by a pin fixed in the shaft c, that
takes into a slot in the boss of the lever, cut in the direction of rotation of
such extent as will allow the hammers the amount of inward and outward
motion required. h is a friction pulley, that is secured to the boss of the lever g;
i is another friction pulley, loose on the shaft b; but connected by a link i',
jointed at one end on a pin fixed in the side of the pulley (i), and at the other
end with a lever i², keyed on the end of the short shaft c¹. When the shaft b
is rotated, and friction is applied to one of the pulleys (h or i), the hammers d¹
will be drawn inward, and may be thus made to revolve without striking
on the head of the swage or other object; and when friction is applied to
the other pulley, it assists to force outward the hammers, which when not
restrained naturally tend outward by their centrifugal force. If the head of
a swage or other object be brought within the path of the hammers, when the
shaft bis revolved, they will strike upon it, and as the hammer is thus suddenly
stopped and caused to rebound to a certain extent while the shaft b continues
to revolve, it is withdrawn from the object which it strikes against till it has
passed it. In some cases, and at high speeds, the rebound is so great that the
hammers have not time to expand before the next blow is to be struck, and
thus do not strike the object; but this is remedied by applying friction to the
pulley that forces the hammers outward. Friction is applied to the pulleys
hand by levers k, which have their fulcrums on studs ¹, secured in the
side frames a; these levers are pressed against the pulleys by weights ²
suspended at their ends. A bar m is fitted in the frames a so as to slide
backwards and forwards, and upon it two inclines are formed, which act upon
-the ends of the levers k, to lift them off the friction pulleys and i, the inclines
being made on the slide bar in opposite directions, so that when one lever is
up, the other will be acting on its pulley, and vice versa; so that one is brought
into operation by sliding the bar one way, and the other by sliding the bar the
other way, by pulling or pushing at the handle m'.
We have now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our
Invention, and the manner in which the same may be carried into effect, and
claim as our Invention, so long as its peculiar features are retained,-
Firstly, the construction, arrangement, and mode of working or operating
with rolls or rollers when used for drawing, moulding, forming, or forging
articles in metal, as herein-before described, as the first part of our Invention.

page_text: Secondly, the combination of mechanism, described as the second part of
our Invention, for striking blows when used for drawing, moulding, forming, or
forging articles in metal.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Healey, on behalf of myself and of
the said John Foster and John Lowe, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, the Twenty-fourth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
JOHN HEALEY. (L.S.)