matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WATERCLOSETS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wright, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th February
1860. A communication from abroad by Max Schloss, of Stockholm, in
the Kingdom of Sweden.
I, JAMES WRIGHT, of 42, Bridge Street, Blackfriars, City of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WATERCLOSETS," a communication from abroad
by Max Schloss, of Stockholm, in the Kingdom of Sweden, to be as
follows:-
It consists in the construction and arrangements of waterclosets either
portable or fixed, preferably the former, of which the following is the
arrangement. The bottom of the pan is constructed so as to form valve
seat, which is polished, and has an annular ring or groove upon which a disc
valve fits, this valve is also polished, and has a corresponding ring of india-
rubber, which fits into the groove on the face or seat, and thus forms a
hermetical seal, so as to prevent any smell from rising; the valve is opened
and shut by means of a handle and lever, which carries it to the right or
left.
When the closet is portable, I form a movable chamber for the solid fœcal
matters, and another for the urine, both of which I coat with a composition of
wax and pitch, so as to protect them from the action of acids. Each of these
chambers is covered with an air-tight cover, a tube from the former conveying

page_text: away the vapours or odour, and the syphon termination of the tube leading
into the latter prevents any gases from going back into the pan. By means
of a piston and a barrel communicating with the water supply the pan
is
washed out. The form and arrangement of the different parts will vary
according to the peculiar locality and application of the watercloset.
AN IMPROVED PORTABLE CIRCULAR CRANE, APPLICABLE ALSO AS A FIRE-ESCAPE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Corbett and Robert Smith
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition on the
23rd August 1860.
We, JOSEPH CORBETT and ROBERT SMITH, of 15, Elizabeth Street, Spencer
Road, Hornsey New Town, Stoke Newington, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PORTABLE
CIRCULAR CRANE, APPLICABLE ALSO AS A FIRE-ESCAPE," to be as follows:-
This portable crane is adapted for hoisting and moving goods and materials
of any kind, 70 or 80 feet in height; and also to carry on to roofs of ordinary
buildings, and for the removal of goods and persons therefrom in cases of fire.
A platform is erected from 9 to 12 feet square, under which are two axle-
trees with wheels at each end for moving the same. A circular tramway is
laid down in iron for a crab or wince to travel on; round the circular tramway
is an iron flange. Small wheels placed at the ends of each axle-tree of the
crab or wince prevents the crab or wince from being pulled up by the weight
as it travels underneath the flange. A chain or rope is connected with drum
barrel on crab or wince, which runs over a hoisting beam, on pulleys fixed on
the same to goods required to be hoisted. The main support of beam rests on
timbers placed in the inner circle of tramway thus,
on the top of which

page_text: smaller chain or rope is fixed, which runs over pulleys placed parallel with
the others on beam to the crab or wince, which enables the party managing
the crab or wince to open the grappling irons without going to them to.
unfasten them. The beam to be in wood trussed in wrought iron, according
to the strength and length required; the three legs that support beam and the
platform to be of wood and the rest of iron.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING ARTICLES OF EARTHENWARE OR PORCELAIN
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Jobson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd June
1860.
I, ROBERT JOBSON, of Dudley, in the County of Worcester, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING
ARTICLES OF EARTHENWARE OR PORCELAIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in moulding articles of
earthenware or porcelain, when hollow articles of earthenware or porcelain
are moulded from dry or partially dry clay, by means of a die or mould and
plunger. Difficulty is in many cases experienced in consequence of the
plunger in rising carrying some of the clay up with it, and so destroying or
injuring the article. Now, according to my Invention, in making a plunger
for manufacturing hollow articles, in place of making the plunger in one
piece of metal, as has been usual heretofore, I make the plunger of two parts.
The interior or body of the plunger is made smaller in diameter than the
article to be moulded, and it is made up to the full size by a ring of metal
fitted on to it. The body of the plunger is made conical, and the ring which
fits over it is split at one side, so that it is expanded when it is forced on. And
in order that no space may be left between the two ends of the split ring, a
feather is formed on the body of the plunger accurately to close this space.
When an article is to be made with a compound plunger, such as above
described, the two parts are placed together, and the plunger is employed in

page_text: all respects as the ordinary plunger is used, but when the plunger is to be
withdrawn from the mould, the ring, by a suitable contrivance, is held down,
while the body is partly withdrawn; the ring then immediately springs in
and clears the article, and is then easily withdrawn without injury. In place
of employing a spring ring, as above described, the ring may be made in
several parts arranged around a body, and when this is withdrawn or partially
withdrawn, the parts being capable of moving inwards deliver as already
described. When, as in the manufacture of telegraphic insulators, it is
required to produce two cups, one within the other, the inner cup, springing
from the bottom of the outer, then the portion of the plunger which produces
the exterior of the inner cup is similarly retained in the mould, while the body
of the plunger is withdrawn, and this part then springs or moves outwards, so
as to clear the article, as already described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY BARS OR PLATES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Edwards at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th May
1860.
I, FREDERICK EDWARDS, of the Firm of Frederick Edwards, Son, and
Company, of Great Marlborough Street, in the County of Middlesex, Stove
Grate Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY BARS OR PLATES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in forming what is known in the trade as a chimney
bar of a broad, flat, or curved plate, with or without slots or apertures therein,
and with a central aperture opening into the chimney or flue, and in fitting
in such aperture a register plate or damper.
COLLECTING AND SAVING CERTAIN PRODUCTS GIVEN OFF OR EMITTED DURING THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Crace Calvert at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th August 1860.
I, FREDERICK CRACE CALVERT, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Professor of Chemistry, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "COLLECTING AND SAVING CERTAIN PRODUCTS GIVEN OFF OR EMITTED
DURING THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE," to be as follows:-
My Invention may be classed under two heads; first, it consists in con-*
ducting the mixture of heated and ignited gaseous products obtained from the
destructive distillation of coal in an oven, or in ovens of a peculiar construction
underneath and around another oven or other ovens, for the purpose of
effecting by the heat thereof the distillation of the volatile gaseous liquid and
solid products from the coal therein contained.
My apparatus may be varied in many ways, but the Drawing marked V
represents a vertical section of an oven which I prefer to use for my purpose.
In it the products of combustion given off during an ordinary coking operation
in furnace A are not, as usual, allowed to escape by the opening C, but are
conducted through a flue D into passages E under the furnace B, and thence
into a chimney F. The coal in furnace B heated by the gases from furnace A
distils, and the products of distillation pass through an opening G into a flue E,
and thence up a column I fitted with perforated shelves, through and over
which a thin stream of weak acid is allowed to percolate, in order to condense

page_text: the ammoniacal products of the distillation. The Drawing marked W is a
horizontal section of the apparatus, and shews the arrangement of the flues
below the furnace B.
Secondly, in conducting the gases and other volatile products produced in
the second oven through flues and columns of peculiar construction, as
described above in the Drawing hereunto annexed, into which diluted acids
are introduced in a minute state of division, for the purpose of collecting the
ammonia and other condensible products.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY POINTS OR SWITCHES, AND ALSO IN THE KEYS FOR SECURING THE RAILS IN THE CHAIRS OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Walker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st April
1860.
I, JAMES WALKER, of Walsall, in the County of Stafford, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
RAILWAY POINTS OR SWITCHES, AND ALSO IN THE KEYS FOR SECURING THE RAILS IN
THE CHAIRS OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows, that is to say-
My improvements in points or switches consist in avoiding the tapering of
the tongue rail, using an ordinary parallel-sided rail, and making a portion of
the side rail moveable, as will be seen by the annexed diagram.
My improvements in the keys for securing the rails in the chairs consists
in making them either of iron or wood, but of such thickness as to admit of
the key being dropped in between the upper flange of the rail and the jaw of
the chair, a projection or lug being formed on each end of the key, so as to
prevent it from moving endways when placed in the chair. One or more iron
or wooden wedges or packings are then to be driven in a vertical direction
between the key and the jaw of the chair, so as to secure the whole.
As a modification of the above, the projections on the key may be made only
sufficiently large to clip the wedge; in which case the wedges must be formed
with projections, so as to clip the chair.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING GAS, AND THEREBY OBTAINING A USEFUL PRODUCT
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Senior and William
Statter at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 12th May 1860.
We, WILLIAM SENIOR, of Wakefield, in the County of York, Gentleman,
and WILLIAM STATTER, of the same Place, Surgeon, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING GAS, AND
THEREBY OBTAINING A USEFUL PRODUCT," to be as follows:-
Our said Invention consists of the application of the fibres of cocoa nuts,
flax, hemp, and several other vegetablo fibres in the purification of gas from
ammonia, which fibres we have discovered possess the property of absorbing.
ammonia as the gas passes through or amongst them. The fibres will absorb
ammonia from gas, even when in a dry or comparatively dry state, but they
act more efficiently when moistened with water.
A NEW CLOCK
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Eugène Ferrier, of 22, Boulevard Montmartre, Paris,
in the Empire of France, Clockmaker, for the Invention of "A NEW
CLOCK."
Sealed the 10th July 1860, and dated the 12th January 1860..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Eugène Ferrier at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th January 1860.
I, EUGÈNE FERRIER, of 22, Boulevard Montmartre, Paris, in the Empire
of France, Clockmaker, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for
"A NEW CLOCK," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of using the weight of the clock as a prime mover;
to this effect I inclose the wheelwork in a sphere sliding on a rod, which
traverses through it; the wheelwork is similar to those generally used, with
this difference, that there is no motion spring, to which mover is substituted,
as we have already said, the very weight of the clock. To obtain this end, the
rod that traverses through the sphere is provided with a rack adapting itself to
a pinion, upon which it acts either in descending or in re-ascending. The
spherical clock, as I term it, descends by its own weight, the teeth of the rack
coming then into gear with the teeth of the pinion; the weight of the spherical
clock, by acting on the pinion, causes the latter to slide down along the rack
according to a regulated quickness, and the pinion in its rotatory motion gives

page_text: the motion to the wheelwork of the clock. The size of the teeth of the rack
and pinion are regulated conformably to the weight of the clock, so that the
descent of the sphere may take place in an uniform and regular manner, that
is to say, allowing a certain number of teeth to come into gear within a certain
and fixed space of time.
When the spherical clock has performed its downwards way, and has reached
the bottom of the rod, it is got up to the top end of the same, and by this
process the clock is wound up.
To work the fast & slow regulation, I use a rod, one end of which is fixed to
the regulation piece; the other end of this rod gets out from a hole in the side
of the sphere, so as to allow the turning of the rod to the left or to the right
by means of a key; this key may be kept in the desired position by means of
a pin stopping in the various holes of a perforated circle..
One advantage of the disposition of my spherical clock is, that a calendar
may be adapted to it; in fact it will be easily understood that the clock per-
forming the same downwards motion every day covers the same space of rod
every day, and if everything being so regulated as to give to the clock 31 days
for its descent, the rod is divided into 31 equal parts; the sphere will cover
one of these divisions-at every revolution of 24 hours, and, will, consequently
leave uncovered a new figure every day.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON, STEEL IRON, AND STEEL, AND IN THE APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Thompson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th February
1860.
I, JAMES THOMPSON, of Bilston, in the County of Stafford, Iron Master,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON, STEEL IRON, AND STEEL, AND IN THE APPARATUS TO BE
EMPLOYED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE," to be as follows, that is to say :-
The object of my improvements is to remedy the defects arising from the
present mode of "doctoring" iron or steel, that is, the admixture of manganese
and other ingredients with the metal whilst in the puddling furnace. By the
present process, the "physic" (as it is termed in the trade) is thrown in upon
the metal in its liquid state through an aperture in the furnace door at which
the puddler works, and usually falls on the metal in lumps that destroy its
soundness when cold by producing flaws or clogs. By my improvements, the
even distribution of the "physic" over and through the entire mass is ensured.
I employ a special furnace-door or trap at any convenient part of the furnace
so as not to interfere with the operation of the puddler, at which extra door a
workman inserts a ladle of peculiar construction, having a colander or grid-
formed bottom and a covered top. This ladle contains the "physic" or
doctoring ingredients, which are by my process sifted over the metal as it is
in course of being puddled; thus the whole of the metal is operated upon, and
a sound ball, free from all flaw or clogs, is produced. The ball is then taken
from the furnace, and subjected to the action of a squeezer or other equivalent

page_text: apparatus, where it is worked under the tongs before it goes under the forge
hammer, thus saving any staff mark or lap of metal in the bloom. By these
means, and by this additional operation, I greatly improve the quality of
the metal.
AN IMPROVED SELF-FEEDING APPARATUS FOR PRINTING MACHINES
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Courtenay Sprye, of Saint Leonards-on-Sea, in the
County of Sussex, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED SELF-FEEDING
APPARATUS FOR PRINTING MACHINES."
Scaled the 19th June 1860, and dated the 16th February 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Courtenay Sprye at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
February 1860.
I, COURTENAY SPRYE, of Saint Leonards-on-Sea, in the County of Sussex,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVED SELF-
FEEDING APPARATUS POR PRINTING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that part of printing machines in which the blank
damped sheets of paper are placed ready to be printed upon.
The mode heretofore generally practised of advancing such said sheets of
paper separately and successively to the printing type of printing machines.
such, for example, as are used for printing newspapers, has been by hand.
Now this Invention is designed for performing this said operation by
mechanical means, instead of by hand. I propose to effect this in the

page_text: following manner, that is to say, I make the bottom of the box containing the
paper with a false or moveable bottom, and across the upper part of the said
box I adjust a roller, across the periphory whereof I place and fix strips, ribs,
or fillets of india-rubber, or other similar adhesive or elastic material, and
across the opposite end and top part of the box I affix two, three, or more
vertical pointed pins or wires; behind each of which, and-at a short distance
therefrom, a knife is placed, and presses upon the uppermost sheet of paper in
the box, so that upon motion being imparted to the aforesaid roller, the upper-
most sheet of paper will be pulled, and tear those parts through which the
aforesaid pins pass; at the same time the other parts will be cut by the
knives, and thus allow the sheet to pass by the pins unobstructed; the aforesaid
pins holding the remaining sheets of paper perfectly steady while the upper-
most sheet is being withdrawn, and in this manner and by these means each
sheet may be successively withdrawn from the box containing them and
advanced into the machine with certainty. If desirable, the bottom of the
said box may be a fixture, and the roller and knives made to descend with the
paper as it is withdrawn from said box.
A MACHINE FOR THE PRESERVATION OF LIFE IN CASE OF FIRE IN DWELLING HOUSES AND OTHER BUILDINGS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thomas Pedder, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
November 1860.
I, JOHN THOMAS PEDDER, India-rubber Worker, 85, Murray Street, New
North Road, Hoxton, in the Parish of St. Leonard's, Shoreditch, Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "A MACHINE FOR
THE PRESERVATION OF LIFE IN CASE OF FIRE IN DWELLING HOUSES AND OTHER
BUILDINGS," to be as follows, and shewn by the annexed Drawings
Figure No. 1 represents an iron hinge bracket by which the chair or car is
carried out and suspended in the air, revolving on the bolt (c). The sketch
(b) shews the iron bracket, which is fastened tightly in the wall of the building
at any convenient distance or suitable position; (c) represents the bolt which
forms the hinge, thereby connecting the arm (a) with the bracket (b), thus
forming a hinge or joint for carrying the arm (a) inside or outside of the
room or building in which it is placed; (d) shews a brace or support to arm
(a), moving on a centre, and which is hooked into an eye placed in the sash
frame at any convenient distance or suitable position; (E and F) are swivel
pullies, over which the chain or rope travels in its ascent or descent along the
arm (a). Fig. 2 shows a section of the double swivel pully in the arm (a).
Fig. 3 shews the arm carried out into the air, with brace (d) placed in an eye
fixed in the sash frame, also bracket (6) fixed into the wall of room where
the machine is kept; (g) shews the pully round which the rope or chain

page_text: travels when lowering the chair (h). Fig. 4 shews the machine in use with
the chair suspended in the air, ready to receive an individual exposed to the
danger of fire, and by which any person may be conveyed from the top of the
highest dwelling in a few seconds; (J) represents the chain or rope of any
length by which the chair is raised or lowered; (K) shews the chain or rope 5
attached to the bottom of chair or car to regulate it in its descent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Stevens at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th August
1860. A communication from abroad by Jean Carrère, of No. 42, Rue
Laffite, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, CHARLES STEVENS, Manager of the British & Foreign Office for Patents,
No. 1B, Welbeck Street, Cavendish Square, London, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BOILERS," (& that it has been communicated to me from abroad by Jean
Carrère, of 42, Rue Laffite, Paris, in the Empire of France,) to be as
follows:
This Invention consists in the following arrangement:--On the boiler being
placed a vertical partition wall is erected between the four tubes rising as high
as the boiler, so as to separate the flames and descending below the fire-box.
There are two fires and two stokeholes, a horizontal partition is arranged over
the upper boiler tubes, and the same on the lower; these latter being divided
by the vertical partition wall, it results that the flames cannot mingle, but
they are finally united before reaching the chimney. The flame first heats
the two lower boiler tubes, and when it has arrived behind ascends vertically
and returns in front heating the upper boiler tubes, after which returning in
front it again ascends, and returns behind, heating the boiler on all sides.
The two flames are afterwards united at the centre of the back of the
boiler before arriving at the register to escape by the chimney. By this
arrangement the draught is good, and considerable saving in fuel is effected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Nimmo, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
'North Britain, Steel Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Nimmo at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th August
1860.
I, GEORGE NIMMO, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Steel Manufacturer, do bereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL," to be as follows, that is to
say:-
This Invention relates to new mode of manufacturing cast steel direct from
malleable scrap or bar iron, or both, by means of which the iron is converted
into steel in a very short time, and at a great saving of fuel, by a simple
process without the intervention of blister steel.
Under one modification or mode of operating the scrap iron or bar iron, or
both, is cut into small pieces and placed in a crucible, and the carbonizing
materials are added thereto. The contents of the crucible are subjected to
the heat of a furnace, the action of which is assisted by the aid of a blast of

page_text: air, either heated or at the natural temperature. The carbonizing materials
consist of charcoal or other suitable carbonaceous matter, and the black
oxide of manganese which are added to the scrap or bar iron, or both. For
example, if it is desired to manufacture steel in quantities of forty pounds of
scrap or bar iron, or both, to each crucible, that quantity of the metal is
weighed out and placed in the crucible, to which is added charcoal or other
suitable carbonaceous matter. When charcoal is used I recommend the
proportion of one ounce of charcoal, or thereby, to every four or five pounds
weight, or thereby, of iron. The black oxide of manganese is added to the
contents of the crucible in the proportion of one ounce of the oxide, or thereby,
to each ten pounds weight, or thereby, of the iron. If larger or smaller
quantities of iron are used the proportions of the carbonizing materials are
increased or decreased in a corresponding ratio. It is not, however, intended
to confine these improvements to the precise proportions herein-before given.
The crucible is, with its contents, exposed to a strong heat in a suitable furnace
for about one hour and a half, the process of conversion. being assisted and
facilitated by the introduction of a blast of air, either heated or. at its natural
temperature. The air is caused to play over and upon the fuel surrounding the
crucible, and it may be advantageously introduced into-the-furnace-from-below
the crucible. In about an hour and a half the crucible is withdrawn from
the furnace, and the contents are poured into ingot, moulds, or other forms in
which the metal may be required. After going through this short and simple
process the iron is converted into steel suited for the purposes to which that
metal is ordinarily applied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING, WRINGING, MANGLING, SQUEEZING, AND CRUSHING MACHINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Summerscales and Jubal
Sagar at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 23rd May 1860.
We, JOHN SUMMERSCALES, Machine Maker, and JUBAL SAGAR, Engineer,
both of Keighley, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING, WRINGING, MANGLING,
SQUEEZING, AND CRUSHING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
The first part of this Invention relates to an improvement in the dash, wheel,
beater, or other machine for washing clothes, potatoes, roots, rags, and other
substances, and consists in the use of reversible brushes, the back of the said
brushes being perforated, or grooved, or formed of turned wood spindles, so
that by reversing the brushes either the boards or brushes may be used at
pleasure, without using extra boards or brushes.
The second part of the Invention relates to an oscillating motion for washing
machines, and consists in the employment of a rack and pinion, or a mangle
wheel motion for that purpose, the said mangle wheel being made into both a
stud wheel and a spur wheel, by which means the machine may be made to
oscillate a portion of a revolution or a complete revolution at pleasure.
The third part of the Invention relates to the wringing and mangling
machine, and consists in the application of one spiral spring only, which is
direct in its action, and keeps the rollers perfectly parallel when the regulator is
moved. This spring is combined with two levers, and dispenses with the two

page_text: or four springs respectively used hitherto, and also with the indian-rubber buffer.
To the levers are attached two regulating screws, with lock nuts, one of the
nuts being over, and the other under the top cross-bar, thus dispensing with
the liners, packings, and set screws heretofore employed.
The fourth part of the Invention relates to the wringing and mangling
machine, and is also applicable to squeezing and crushing machines for paper,
bones, or other substances, where extraordinary pressure and weight are
required, and consists in the addition to the last above-named arrangement of
a system of levers and weights acting simultaneously and in combination
therewith, and bearing upon the axes of the upper squeezing or crushing
roller.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOS AND ORGANS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Mechim, at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents with his Petition on the 14th July 1860.-A
communication from abroad by Frederic Stanislas Wiart, of Chateauroux,
Department of Indre, in the Empire of France.
I, JEAN MECHIM, of White Horse Road, Croydon, in the County of Surrey,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOS
AND ORGANS," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to the action or mechanical arrangement in
pianos and organs to transmit the motion given by the player's fingers
on the keys to the hammer in pianos, and the percussion in organs.
By these improvements all the gradations from a very soft to a very loud tone
may be given in pianos without the aid of the pedals, and any expression
required may be given without lifting the finger entirely from the key; this is
accomplished by means of a double escapement, the action of which will be
understood by referring to the Drawing, of which the following is an explana-
tion. A is a spring fastened to the bar O, the extremity of which should be
in contact with the heel B, when the hammer is near the cord; C, a spring
fixed to the piece H, to which the hammer is fixed, whence it passes through
a hole made in the escapement E. The spring C will be raised by the
extremity, which passes through the escapement E, then the hammer falling
upon the catch L, will still stretch the spring, and as soon as the finger is taken

page_text: from the key K, and the heel B of the hammer freed from the catch L, the
hammer will go towards the cord in a manner to replace itself at the top of
the escapement E without the finger being raised off the key more than one-
tenth of its course.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN UNITING WATER, GAS, AND OTHER PIPES AND TUBES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
October 1860. A communication from abroad by Athalis Delaporte, of
Paris.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN UNITING WATER, GAS, AND OTHER PIPES AND TUBES," (communicated
to me from abroad by Athalis Delaporte, of Paris) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in uniting pipes and tubes by means of a collar
free to slide along the tubes, and so formed as after being brought over the
abutting ends of any two pipes required to be joined, to leave a space between
the inner surface of the collar and the pipes. The collar is made with an
aperture for the purpose of pouring in a mastic or cement which on setting
together with the collar forms a hermetic joint. The pipes are formed by
preference with annular grooves at their ends for giving a better hold to the
mastic; or the ends of the pipes may be made with tongues or projections
which enter grooves in the sliding collar, the joint being made tight by cement
or mastic applied in a heated or cold state. In some cases the grooves are
formed to permit of the collar being turned more or less to force the ends
of the pipes together. Again sheets or rings of india-rubber may be placed
over the ends of the two pipes to be joined, wrapped with wire or cord and
then covered by the sliding collar, mastic or cement being used at the ends
of the collar.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING ALL NOXIOUS EXHALATIONS FROM DRYING OVENS USED FOR CHEMICAL AND CHEMICAL MANURE WORKS, AND ARISING FROM SUCH WORKS, AND FROM MIXING DECAYED SUBSTANCES IN STRONG ACIDS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Holder at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th April
1860.
I, JOSEPH HOLDER, Manufacturing Chemist, of Scabes Castle, Brighton, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING ALL NOXIOUS EXHALATIONS FROM DRYING OVENS USED
FOR CHEMICAL AND CHEMICAL MANURE WORKS, AND ARISING FROM SUCH WORKS, AND
FROM MIXING DECAYED SUBSTANCES IN STRONG ACIDS," to be as follows:-
On one side of the furnace, to economize fuel, are formed a series of air
chambers to prevent a large accumulation of explosive gases, and leading from
each other to the retort, which is placed with au elbow communicating with
the air chambers just inside the furnace door; the fumes, steam, and smoke
are drawn by the draught of the shaft to pass through the chambers, where
being gradually heated, condensed, and rarefied, they pass along the retort,.
which is laid on the fire bars or other convenient part of the furnace, and is
drawn through another air chamber at the end of the furnace (luted with fire
clay) into the shaft, and in a few minutes after the fire is lighted, and before
any effluvia arises, the air chambers are heated; the retort becomes red hot,
and the smoke, steam, and gasses are passed rapidly through the red-hot retort
and completely destroyed, so that the top of the shaft is free from offensive
smell, while by the combustion of the smoke in its passage through the retort,
the heat is encreased in the furnace, with a great saving of fuel, and scarcely.
any smoke perceptible.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGE- MENT OF WHEELED CARRIAGES TO FACILITATE THEIR MOVEMENT ON SOFT OR UNEVEN LAND
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stephens at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 3rd August
1860.
I, JOHN STEPHENS, of 3, Augusta Place, Lyncombe Hill, Bath, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for ".IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGE-
MENT OF WHEELED CARRIAGES TO FACILITATE THEIR MOVEMENT ON SOFT OR UNEVEN
LAND," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the arrangement of
wheeled carriages to facilitate their movement on soft or uneven land. For
this purpose it has heretofore been proposed to employ an endless chain of
short rails or bearing blocks passing around the wheel, and which as the
wheel travels are laid constantly in advance of it. Heretofore such short rails
or bearing blocks. have usually been jointed end to end, and when the endless
chain is so made there is difficulty in causing the same to pass around the
wheel.
Now, according to this Invention, in place of connecting the short rails or
bearing blocks by their ends, I by flexible connections, such as chains or
bands, connect them together by their centres; by this arrangement the
chains or bands form a flexible endless chain which will pass freely around
the wheel, and will carry the rails or bearing blocks with it. The endless
chain of blocks may either rest on the wheel itself or may be supported on
pulleys placed around the wheel. This arrangement also allows the carriage
or vehicle to which it is applied to turn much more readily than it could were

page_text: the bearing blocks jointed end to end. I place flanges at the sides of the
bearing blocks in order to prevent them slipping laterally out of their places
as they pass over the wheel. In order to assist in lifting the bearing blocks
out of a tenaceous soil, I mount an incline on an arm carried by the vehicle,
which just as the bearing block has to be raised comes against pin or
projection at the end of it, which is furthest from the wheel and tilts it; after
which it is easily lifted as the wheel. travels on. When the apparatus is
intended for very rough land it is advisable, in place of connecting the bearing
blocks by their centres, to connect them by points intermediate between the
centre and the end of each block.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ENDLESS SAWS AND CUTTERS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Osbourn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th July
1860.
I, FREDERICK OSBOURN, of Aldersgate Street, in the City of London,
Mechanician, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ENDLESS SAWS AND CUTTERS," to be
as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the operation of cutting wood
and other fibrous substances by providing a cutting edge to which a rapid
traverse motion may be imparted without being liable to fracture, to which
accident the steel bands of band saws, as now constructed, are very liable.
The details of my improved endless saw or cutter I modify to suit the
various applications of which it is susceptible, retaining, however, the same
principle of construction in each modification. Thus I construct the saw or
cutter of pieces of thin sheet steel jointed together to form an endless chain
of cutting edges, which when brought into operation is extended over grooved
pullies, in the grooves of which the endless cutter runs, and presents a con-
tinuous cutting edge to the work.
For cutting up piles of woollen cloth or other fabrics for garments, I form the
back of the chain with pairs of long links of thin steel connected together by
rivets passed through short links of the same material which lie between the
long or side links. The cutting edges are made of thin steel of the same

page_text: length as the side links, and their backs are shaped to fit into the spaces
between the side links. They are secured in position by rivets passing through
corresponding holes made through the back of the cutters and the side links.
All the rivets employed in the formation of the chain of cutters will be counter-
sunk. The outer angles of these side links are rounded off to allow of the
chain travelling smoothly, and their other angles are retained square to ensure
a good butt joint between the adjoining links. The inner edge of the middle
or short links forms an abutment for the overlapping part of the cutters.
For cutting veneers I propose to attach the cutters to the side of the chain,
so as to present an even surface to the log, the curl of the thin leaf as it is
being severed from the log allowing ample room for the thickness of the chain.
When operating upon coarser work, I propose to use a saw composed of
serrated links; the middle links having chisel-shaped teeth for removing what
the side links have left untouched.
In order to adapt the Invention to harvesting machines. I propose, instead
of using straight-edged cutters, to give them a sickle or other shape that will
best adapt them for severing the standing crops. And when applying the
endless chain cutter to machines for cutting chaff or bulbous roots, I modify it
to suit these operations.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PUNCHING WASHERS FOR GIVING THE NECESSARY DRAG OF FRICTION TO THE SPINDLES AND BOBBINS OF SPINNING MACHINERY AND SIMILAR PURPOSES, AND ALSO IN THE METHOD OF USING OR WORKING THE SAID WASHERS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Dearden at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
November 1860.
I, HENRY DEARDEN, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Overlooker,
do hereby the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR PUNCHING WASHERS FOR GIVING THE NECESSARY DRAG OF
FRICTION TO THE SPINDLES AND BOBBINS OF SPINNING MACHINERY AND SIMILAR
PURPOSES, AND ALSO IN THE METHOD OF USING OR WORKING THE SAID WASHERS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of improved machinery or apparatus for measuring
and punching the holes of washer cloths and strips of metal for forming a
compound washer which slides on the bobbin frame. The strips of cloth or
metal are passed through guides capable of being adjusted to any required
width, then passed under a punch and between two rollers. On the shaft of
the bottom roller there is a lifting tappet, the lifts of which are in proportion
to the circumference of the roller and the distance required between each hole
of the washer cloth or metal. The punch after being raised by the tappet is
pressed by a spring with the force required to punch the holes, which holes are
round, oblong, or other desired shape. In order to slide the washer from time
to time, so as to place it in a fresh position, and thereby economize the

page_text: material, I employ a washer with oblong holes, and place it upon a metal plate
or slide having holes of a similar shape, so that by means of a rack or other
contrivance the plate and washer cloth for the entire length of spindles can be
shifted as required.
IMPROVED BRICKS AND TILES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
June 1860-A communication from abroad by Cizi Paul Coutanceau,
of Toulouse, in the Empire of France, Tile Maker.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, No. 11,
Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVED BRICKS AND
TILES," communicated to me from abroad by Cizi Paul Coutanceau, of
Toulouse, in the Empire of France, Tile Maker, to be as follows:-
It is proposed to make bricks and tiles imitating two beautiful colours,
namely, chamois or shammy color and dark grey. The bricks or tiles in
in imitation of chamois will be composed of about four-sevenths of sand and
three-sevenths of the cement known as Cahors cement, placed in a suitable
receptacle, and sprinkled with a sufficient quantity of water to form the
mixture into a homogeneous paste, which is to be placed in moulds and
submitted to the action of a press, from which it is to be almost instan-
taneously withdrawn, dressed with a suitable trowel, then plunged into water,
and after remaining therein about twenty-four hours be exposed to the action
of the air for about fifteen days, when the bricks or tiles will be found
sufficiently dried to be used with safety.
The bricks or tiles in imitation of dark grey will be composed of about
three-sevenths of sand, three-sevenths of Cahors cement, and one-seventh
of scoria and plumbago, prepared after the same manner as those above
described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
April 1860. A communication from abroad by Jean Jules Morel and
Louis Augustin Guillemont, of Paris.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS." (communicated to me from abroad by Jean Jules
Morel and Louis Augustin Guillemont, of Paris,) to be as follows:-
This Invention is intended to afford means for burning heavy and light
mineral oils in the same lamp. and consists, first, in introducing through the
bottom of a lamp atmospheric air, which acts on both sides of the burner in
such manner as to keep up the necessary combustion, and in lowering the burner
or point of combustion with respect to the level of the oil in the body of the lamp.
The reservoir for the oil is made (by preference, of an angular form) with a
passage through it for the admission of air to the outside of the burner, while
another central passage formed by a tube which carries the wick-holder admits
air to the inside of the burner. The wick-holder tube is connected to the
reservoir by a lateral support in order that there shall be no interference with
the passage of air to the outside of the burner.
The Invention consists, secondly, in an arrangement for raising and lowering
the wick. A circular wick is placed over a circular metal collar which fits over.
and is free to slide up and down the central tube, which conveys air to the inside
of the burner. An up-and-down motion is communicated to the collar, and

page_text: consequently to the wick, by a thumb-screw on the outside of the lamp; the
thread of the screw works inside the lamp through a nut, from which a small
rod projects, the inner end of which is connected to the said collar. A
flame-spreader or button is supported above the wick by a rod passing down
into the wick-holder, and a gallery which supports a chimney surrounds the
burner.
A NEW MODE OF PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN BOILERS, USING SEA OR CALCAREOUS WATERS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wright at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th April
1860. A communication from abroad by Horace Gray, of Boston,
Massachusetts, United States of America.
I, JAMES WRIGHT, of 42, Bridge Street, Blackfriars, City of London, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
MODE OF PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN BOILERS, USING SEA OR CALCAREOUS WATERS,"
a communication to me from abroad by Horace Gray, of Boston, Massa-
chusetts, United States of America, to be as follows, that is to say :-
It consists in the application of a certain principle, which I havo described,
by means of which I can prevent the incrustation of boilers with matters
deposited from the evaporation of sea or calcareous or other impure waters
used in them. I have found out that the solubility of the deposit from these
waters decreases with increase of temperature, until about the density sca
water, and at a temperature of or nearly 300 degrees Fah. they become,
practically speaking, insoluable, and remain mechanically mixed with the
water, in which state they may be blown off in the usual manner, as they fall
to the bottom.
The mode in which I apply this principle is as follows:-I subject the
water before it is admitted to the heating surface of the boiler to such a
temperature (I prefer about 300° Fah.) as will separate or precipitate those
matters in solution which usually form scale. To do this 1 use a separate
vessel, which I call the separator, placed either within or in communication

page_text: with the boiler, so that it can be heated by the steam from the boiler, and
consequently kept at the same temperature as the latter, which, as before
mentioned, should be about 300° Fab. The feed water is pumped into this
separator, and is thus heated by the steam from the boiler (not by the direct
impinging heat of fire) until raised to the before mentioned temperature, when
the deposits are rendered insoluable, and falling to the bottom, may be driven
off by the blow-off cocks in the usual manner, as they do not adhere but form
a loose sediment. The purified water rising over the side of the separator
falls into the boiler, giving it a continuous supply.
AN IMPROVED CALENDAR CLOCK
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Claude Hippolyte Jacquet at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
November 1860.
I, CLAUDE HIPPOLYTE JACQUET, of Lyons, in the French Empire, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CALENDAR
CLOCK," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in combining with an ordinary clock movement an
independent spring movement, which second movement is set in action by a
wheel on the first movement made to perform one revolution in 24 hours
through a lever, whereupon the second movement causes rollers round which
endless belts are passed to make a portion of a revolution. The endless belts
have marked on them the days of the week and the dates of the month in
two lines, and the motion of the rollers is adjusted in such manner that once
in 24 hours they bring the day of the week and the date of the month opposite
apertures made in the clock face; a third aperture is made in the clock face,
behind which on the first of every month the name of the month is placed.