Improvements in Apparatus for Heating or Cooling Liquids, Air, or Gases.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Aug., 1899—Accepted, 14th Oct., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Heating or Cooling Liquids, Air,
or Gases.
I, WŁODZIMIERZ WITKOWITCH, Engineer, of 15, Malo-Podwalna, Kieff, Russia,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
This invention has reference to apparatus for heating or cooling liquids, air
or gases.
All surface heaters, as hitherto constructed whether stationary or
movable, as is known possess the defect that the particles of fluid which has to
be heated or cooled move in all directions and these quite undetermined direc-
tions, so that the circulation can be considered neither as uniform nor complete.
If in particular we take the case of serpentine coil heaters and it be considered
that only the first spirals of such heaters present a useful surface, it is clear that
this heating arrangement occupies, proportionately to its heating surface, a
large space, and that consequently its coefficient of useful effect is very small.
The object of the present invention is to obviate the above defect. My inven-
tion will be understood from the accompanying drawings which represent a
radiator constructed in accordance therewith. Fig. 1 is à longitudinal section
of the radiator, Fig. 2 is a transverse section of same turned through an angle
of 45°. Fig. 3 represents diagrammatically the application of the radiator to
the heating of liquid contained in a tank.
The radiator in question in composed of a hermetically closed receiver R of
any desired length and shape in transverse section. It is constructed of sheet
iron plates bent or flanged and bolted together, or it may be of cast iron, bronze
or the like. Its sides are pierced with oppositely situated holes in which are
fitted the small tubes which are open at both ends and are secured in the sides
of the radiator by expanding their ends or in any other way. The small tubes P,
the number and transverse section of which may vary at will, are set in the
direction in which the fluid is to circulate. At suitable points of the radiator
are arranged pipes S S for the admission and exit of the steam, water or other
medium which serves for effecting the heating or cooling as the case may be.
Also other pipes or passages may also be provided. In Figs. 1 and 2 of the
drawings, two such supplementary passages are shown, one for the escape of
condensed liquid (a Fig. 2) the other for the escape of foreign gases or to receive
a thermometer (Fig. 2).
A radiator thus constructed being immersed in a fluid which it is desired to
heat (or cool), when the small tubes p are arranged as shown in Figures 1 and 2,
the fluid will circulate in the two directions indicated by the arrows in Fig. 3,
whence it results that the useful effect of the radiator will be considerably
increased. By appropriately spacing apart the small tubes p, any desired speed
of circulation of the heating or cooling medium which traverses the radiator
may be obtained. Instead of a single radiator, several may be connected up
in a series or in groups.

page_text: It will be readily understood that a great advantage of the apparatus is the
small space which it occupies in comparison with its enormous heating surface.
The invention is particularly adapted for heating or cooling liquids such as
water, but it will be obvious that it can be advantageously employed for heating
or cooling air or other gases, or generally in cases where it is desired to effect
interchange of heat.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. In apparatus of the kind herein referred to, the combination of a closed
chamber, tubes traversing said chamber, said tubes being disposed in alternately
crossing rows, and being open at both ends, substantially as and for the purpose
described.
2. The improved heating or cooling apparatus substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 11th dox of Anonat 1900
J. C. MEWBURN & ELLIS,
55 and 56, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.