IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
We JAMES BARLOW and THOMAS TAYLOR both of the firm of Messieurs Barlow
and Jones, Limited, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the
nature of said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS,
to be as follows:-
The object of our Invention is to "let off" any given quantity of yarn for the
pile or terry at any required pick of the loom and to accomplish this we give an
intermittent rotary motion to a "let off" roller over which the yarn from the pile
warp beam passes.
In applying our Invention to a loom for weaving terry cloth or towels we employ
two warps, the lower or ground warp beam may be weighted and "let-off" in any
convenient manner. The "let off" roller for the pile warp. is held in suitablo
bearings fixed to the loom frame,-above and in contact with it is a loose heavy
roller which may be covered with cloth or any suitable material to give the
required friction: as the "let off" roller is moved it draws the pile warp from its
beam under and between the weighted and the "let off" rollers, round the latter
and if desired over a guide roller or rod to the healds.
We effect the positive "let off" of the pile in the following manner :-To the
crank or other revolving shaft is secured a pinion which gears into and drives a
spur wheel loose on a stud: a pin is secured to the face of this wheel which (when
the motion is in gear) acts upon and turns a star wheel: on the boss of the star
wheel is cast or secured a pinion which is connected to a wheel on the "let off"
roller by means of chango and carrier wheels and thus an intermittent rotary
motion is imparted to the "let off" roller and the desired quantity of pile warp is
released by each movement of the star wheel.
The quantity of pile "let off" the warp beam can be varied as desired by altering
the change wheels.
When it is desired to weave a border or plain cloth the "let off" motion can be
disconnected in a moment: to effect this a pivoted lever with a forked end which
takes into a groove in the boss of the star wheel is moved by the operative to slide
the star wheel out of gear with the pin that drives it: to facilitate the star wheel
coming into gear readily when required, we employ a small shaft with a bevel
Price 671

page_text: wheel at one end which gears into a bevel wheel secured to the "let off" roller, by
moving this small shaft and the "let off" roller, the star wheel is more easily
brought into gear when the pivoted lever is moved for such purpose.
We prefer to use a small break or weight on the pile warp beam so that it
cannot overrun when plain cloth is being woven.
In place of using a star wheel and gearing we may employ a ratchet wheel
secured to the "let off" roller and actuate it by an eccentric, rod, and pawls, and
in order to alter the amount of pile to be "let off" either the ratchet wheel or
eccentric may be changed.
By "letting off" the pile automatically we secure a regular length of pile on the 1
cloth, which pile can be longer or shorter as required; we thus gain uniformity in
weight, and can weave with less tension on the ground warp.
JAMES BARLOW.
THOMAS TAYLOR.
H. B. Barlow,
Agent for Applicants.

page_text: We JAMES BARLOW and THOMAS TAYLOR, both of the Firm of Messieurs Barlow
and Jones Limited, of Bolton in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the
nature of said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of our Invention is to "let off" any given quantity of yarn for the
pile or terry at any required pick or the loom and to accomplish this we give an
intermittent rotary motion to a "let off" roller over which the yarn from the pile
warp beam passes.
In applying our Invention to a loom for weaving terry cloth or towels, we
employ two warps, the lower or ground warp beam may be weighted and "let off"
in any convenient manner. The "let off" roller for the pile warp is held in
suitable bearings fixed to the loom frame: above and in contact with it is a loose
heavy roller which may be covered with cloth or any suitable material to give the
required friction. As the "let off" roller is moved it draws the pile warp from its
beam under and between the weighted and the "lot off" rollers, round the latter
and if desired over a guide roller or rod to the healds.
And in order that our Invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into effect we will proceed to describe the accompanying Sheet of Drawings in
which―
Fig. 1 is a side elevation and Fig. 2 a front elevation of part of a loom to which
our improvements are applied.
In the drawings a is the upper part of the loom frame; b the crank shaft on
which is secured the pinion b¹ which gears into and drives the
spur wheel C, loose
on a stud c¹, secured to the frame; on the face of the wheel c is a flange c³ and two
pins which act upon and turn the star wheel d. On the boss of the star wheel a
is a pinion d' which gears into a carrier wheel e which gears into the larger change
wheel e², formed with the wheel e³ which gears into a wheel f¹, secured to the
"let off" roller fand thus an intermittent rotary motion is given to the roller f.
The weighted roller y rests upon the "let off" roller fand is supported and kept
in the desired position by and between the flanges of two pulleys h h on the
shaft h¹. The pile warp is wound upon the beam i and passes round the weighted
roller g, between it and the let off roller f, round the latter and under a vibrating
roller which takes up any slack in the warp given off by the "let off" roller f, and
keeps it in tension until required for the pile: the roller j is carried in and caused
to vibrate by arms j' in the usual manner; the warp passes from the roller ; to the
healds which are not shown in the drawing.
When an intermittent rotary motion is imparted to the "let off" roller in the
manner described, a certain quantity of pile warp is released from the beam i at
each movement of the star wheel d; the quantity of pile "let off" can be varied if
desired by changing the wheels e¹ e³.
In order to disengage or stop the "let off" motion when it is desired to weave a
border or plain fabric we slide the star wheel d on its stud out of gear with the
pins c³, which drive it, by means of the hand lever k pivoted to the frame at k¹
and connected by the lever which is forked at the lower end and rests in a groove
in the boss of the star wheel. The upper part of the lever passes through a slot
in the lever k and near the centre it is pivoted to a projection on the loom frame.
To bring the star wheel into gear again when it is desired to weave terry cloth
or pile fabrics we employ a short shaft m supported in bearings on the frame a;

page_text: this shaft has a handle by which it can be turned at one end and a bevel wheel m¹
secured to the other end; the wheel m' gears into a bevel wheel n fast on the
"let off" roller f; by slightly turning the shaft m when the star wheel is moved
by means of the lever ; the "let off" roller f turns the change wheels e¹ and so
gives motion to the carrier wheel e, thus allowing the pinion d' on the star wheel
to slide into gear with the carrier wheel e.
The shaft m and its gearing can be employed for turning back the warp in case
of slackness of warp which may be caused by unweaving or otherwise, from the
front of the loom.
We prefer to use the weighted levers o to act as a brake on the warp beam i to
prevent it overrunning when plain cloth is being woven.
In place of using a star wheel and gearing we may employ a ratchet wheel
secured to the "let off" roller and actuate it by an eccentric, rod, and pawls, and in
order to alter the amount of pile to be "let off" either the ratchet wheel or
eccentric may be changed.
By "letting off" the pile automatically we secure a regular length of pile on the
cloth, which pile can be longer or shorter as required, we thus gain uniformity in
weight and can weave with less tension on the ground warp.
By the use of our Invention we are also enabled to weave either terry cloth and
pile fabrics or plain cloth in the same loom by simply throwing into or out of gear_
_the_mechanism for actuating the "let off "roller f.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed
We declare that what we claim is-
1.-Imparting an intermittent rotary motion to the letting off roller f and the
mechanism for effecting the same, substantially as and for the purposes herein
described and as shown.
2. The mechanism for putting the "let-off" roller-finto-and-out of gear as
required, for weaving pile fabrics or plain cloth as herein set forth.