matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED FASTENING FOR PURSES, POCKET BOOKS, BAGS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Marcius Silber at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th March,
1862. A communication from abroad by Johann Georg Klein, of
Offenbach, in Germany.
I, ALBERT MARCIUS SILBER, of the Firm of Silber and Fleming, of Wood
Street, in the City of London, Merchants, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FASTENING FOR PURSES, POCKET BOOKS,
BAGS, AND OTHER ARTICLES," communicated to me from abroad by Johann Georg
Klein, of Offenbach, in Germany, to be as follows:-
To a plate or piece, hereinafter called fixed or guide plate, attached to a
convenient part of the article to be fastened, is connected another plate or
piece herein-after called eatch plate, capable of moving or working to and fro,
moving in one direction to open the fastening, and in the opposite direction to
close it. Two spiral springs are fitted at one of their ends to the fixed or
guide plate, and at their opposite ends to the catch plate, being most con-
veniently connected to those plates by bent parts of the latter introduced into
the ends of the springs. The catch plate has a bevelled, bent, or otherwise
formed part, intended to act as a catch or staple to retain or engage a hook or
equivalent contrivance which is attached to another part of the article, and
constitutes the second member or portion of the fastening, the combined catch:
plate, fixed or guide plate and springs composing. the first member or portion
thereof. The catch plate and fixed plate have openings in them for the hook
or equivalent to pass.. Now those ends of the springs that are on the fixed

page_text: plate are those nearest to the point or side towards which the catch plate is
drawn when moved in order to open the fastening, and the ends on the catch
plate are those farthest from such point or side, consequently the act of drawing
the catch plate to open the fastening, compresses the springs, and the act of
releasing the catch plate or causing or allowing it to return to position to close
the fastening, causes the springs to return or extend to their previous form.
When the catch plate and hook or equivalent agent are engaged, the fastening
is closed. To open it the catch plate is drawn or pulled compressing the
springs, and the hook or equivalent is released.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF COMMUNICATING OR SIGNALLING IN AND WITH RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Dunne Kyle at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th February
1862.
I, DAVID DUNNE KYLE, of Victoria Street, Westminster, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF COMMUNICATING
OR SIGNALLING IN AND WITH RAILWAY TRAINS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the production and maintenance of a continuous
sound or alarum in any part or parts of a railway train, and in effecting the
communication or signal by the interruption or stoppage of this constant sound
or alarum. The means of effecting this is by a tube or tubes extended along
the train, through which air or steam may be forced or allowed to pass, which
current of air or steam acting on whistles or other apparatus in connection
with the tubes at the required points, will produce the continuous sound or
alarum, and also by stop-cocks or other ordinary means for obstructing or
diverting the current, or rendering it intermittent, so as by the absence or
cessation of the continuous sound or alarum to attract the attention of those
for whom the communication or signal is intended. The tubes are fixed to or
connected with each carriage, so that by means of flexible or other joinings
they can be united into one or more continuous tube or tubes when the
carriages in the train are coupled together.
point where they may be required, so that
could stop the current and effect the signal.
The stops can be placed at any
any of the passengers or guards
The air is forced through the

page_text: tubes by means of a fan or other ordinary forcing apparatus wrought by.or
from the engine, or axles or wheels of the carriages, or the fan may be fixed
on an axle, or a trumpet-shaped or expanded mouth may be constructed on
the tube, so as to meet the air, and by this means produce a current. The
tubes are so arranged in other than the passenger carriages of a train, and in
goods trains, that in the case of fire, or of any separation or displacement of
the carriages, or other accident, the current of air being destroyed an alarm
will be given.. The communication or signal may also bo made by agency
external to the train by arranging the tubes on the train so as to come in
contact with stationary arms or projecting pieces, either connected with the
ordinary signals along the railway, or wrought independently of them, which
arms or projecting pieces would separate or press against the tubes attached
to the passing train, and effect the signal.
SOME IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING LADIES' BONNETS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Adolphe Traversier at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th April 1862.
I, JOSEPH ADOLPHE TRAVERSIER, of 2, Rue Sainte Appoline, Paris, France,
and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, do hereby declare the nature of
my said Invention for "SOME IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING LADIES' BONNETS," to
be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in the arrangement or construction of a body for
ladies' bonnets, by which their volume may be instantly reduced, at the same
time their carriage on a journey is facilitated, and they are protected from
accident. The body of the bonnet is composed of metallic wire for supporting
the stuff or material forming the front and back of the bonnet. This wire is
united to hinged and spring branches so as to support the bonnet, and form
it according to the fashion. These spring branches allow of opening and of
closing the bonnet. When closed, it takes up little space as to thickness, and
is able to retake its form instantaneously at will. This bonnet is provided
with a pin which keeps it on the head, and is placed in the hair.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ESCAPE APPARATUS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hartican at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th May
1862.
I, WILLIAM HARTICAN, of Islingword Road, Brighton, in the County of
Sussex, Boiler Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ESCAPE APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
My improved fire-escape apparatus consists, first, of an iron framing which
fixes on the lower part of the window. This framing is formed of two cramp-
like parts, between which are stretchers or bars holding them in position.
These cramps embrace the substance of the wall at the lower part of the
window, and have on the inside projections to take under the beading or pro-
jections inside the window. These projections may be adjustable and fixed by
screws or otherwise. On the outside ends of the cramps are screws that take
under the sill, and by turning which the whole framing is fixed rigidly in
position. To the framing or outside ends of the cramps are fixed two ropes of
sufficient length so that hanging down they may properly reach the ground and
extend to the opposite side of a street, where they are to be conducted and held
by the police or other persons, or fixed. Between these ropes is fitted a
canvas bag suitable for persons getting into; it runs on the two ropes by
suitable thimbles fixed thereto, the bag being roped and the thimbles being
distributed throughout its length on each side. Two small blocks or pullies

page_text: are appended to the iron framework before mentioned, over which are rove
two ropes or lines, the one end of each rope being fastened to the bag and the
other ends leading down to the ground; by these lines the bag can be hauled
up and down the standing or inclined ropes before mentioned, and persons so
lowered from the window.
This apparatus is of course intended to be kept in each house, being fixed
by the inmates, and the ends of the ropes thrown out to be operated on from
below.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS AND BONNETS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th February 1862.-A communication from abroad by Messieurs
. Louis Pierre Quenot and Henri Joseph Lebargy, of Paris, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS AND BONNETS," (commu-
nicated to me from abroad by Messieurs Louis Pierre Quenot and Henri
Joseph Lebargy, of Paris, France,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, first, in making hats with a body of felt, and with
the outer covering of silk plush; and, second, in making hats with a body of
felt or felted fabric, and with a covering of felt or of felted fabric, all as here-
after explained.
First, felt and silk plusb.-The hat consists of a felt or felted fabric body,
on which the silk plush is placed; no internal lining is required, but the
ordinary head leather is inserted. The method of manufacture is as follows:
-Take a piece of felt or felted material, smooth the inside surface thereof,
and ornament the same by printing or not, according to taste. Place the felt
thus prepared round the ordinary block with the non-prepared face outside;
coat the surface with a preparation of hat varnish, composed, for example, of
gum lac and spirits of wine, with the addition of caoutchouc or gutta percha
to prevent the composition passing through the felt, and tarnishing the inner

page_text: surface. The felt is now strengthened in certain parts, as, for example, by
placing on the top a piece of cloth, paper, or other material, and round the
edge of the top where it is jointed; to the body a strip of cloth or linen is
applied. The felt is turned up on the lower edge to form the brim of the
hat, and to make the edge stiff a folded strip of linen or other suitable material
is applied. To prevent perspiration passing through the felt, an impermeable
band is placed round the external surface. The silk plush is now laid on the
felt, and the hat finished in the ordinary manner.
Felt body and felt face. The hat is composed of two thicknesses of felt or
felted fabric placed one over the other with hatter's varnish or composition
between the two thicknesses; the internal lining is here also dispensed with.
The method of manufacture is as follows:-Take felt of any color with the
surface to form the interior of the hat, ornamented or not as desired. The felt
body is placed round the block, and is treated as described for the body of the
felt and silk hat, before described; this body is then covered with felt or felted
fabric. The color may be of any color, and may be ornamented in any
desired manner. This felt covering, which is applied in a similar manner to
the silk, may be prolonged downwards to form the brim, or the felt forming
the body may be prolonged for that purpose; in either case the brim must be
stiffened. For women and children's hats the external folt surface may in
shade and ornament correspond with that of the internal surface.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INDICATING TIME AND ACCENT IN MUSIC
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Layzell Scowen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
June 1862.
I, THOMAS LAYZELL SCOWEN, of Allen Road, Stoke Newington, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN INDICATING TIME AND ACCENT IN MUSIC," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in having spaces marked on a dial, or tube dial,
representing different length bars in music, equally divided, and hands or
pointers worked by clockwork, pass at an equal rate from left to right
successively, which will show the exact time each of the various length notes
or rests is to be held or continued, and a hammer with such arrangements as
to cause it to give a louder beat at the accented parts of different bars; the
accent is indicated or produced by the heigher teeth, in a star-formed wheel;
the whole is set in motion by means of a train of wheels, with spring barrel or
weight, and regulated to the different degrees of quickness or slowness, by
means of an expanding fly.
To explain more fully, suppose Fig. 1A
9
to repre-
sent the space of one bar of 4 crotchets, divided into 4 equal parts; by
the large dots again into 8 equal parts or quavers, by the stroke between
the dots; and again into 16 equal parts or semiquavers by the small
sent the space of one bar of 4 crotchets, divided into 4 equal parts; by
the large dots again into 8 equal parts or quavers, by the stroke between
the dots; and again into 16 equal parts or semiquavers by the small

page_text: dots. Now, if the hands or pointers A, A, which are placed the exact length
of the bar apart, so as one is leaving the end of the bar another makes its
appearance, moving on successively at an equal rate from left to right upon
an endless band, drum, or dial, the proportionate duration of the various length
note will be seen.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN RAMS FOR NAVAL WARFARE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert William Sievier at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th May 1862.
I, ROBERT WILLIAM SIEVIER, of Guilford Street, Russell Square, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for.
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN RAMS FOR NAVAL WARFARE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the application of an independent battering ram
or rams to vessels of war of any class, whereas the battering ram at present
in use consists of a strong prow, which is only rendered effective by the
momentum of the vessel. I construct and arrange the ram as follows:-On
a strong foundation plate fixed in the vessel I bolt a cylinder in a horizontal
position; this cylinder contains a piston, the rod of which forms the ram and
extends considerably beyond each end of the cylinder. The front of the rod
I prefer to be of steel, so as to act as a punch. By means of steam or other
motive agent and suitable valves a reciprocating motion is given to the piston
and rod, and the velocity thus imparted to the rod or ram, coupled with its
great weight, causes it to act as a destructive engine when projected against
the side of a vessel or battery. The ram may be placed at the bow or stern
of the vessel, or across, if desired. I prefer to arrange it below the water
line, and there may be several rams in the same battery or vessel. The ram
or rod may, if desired, terminate with the piston, only passing through the
front of the cylinder. The aperture in the side of the vessel or battery

page_text: through which the ram is projected, is provided with a water-tight stuffing
box (or other equivalent) which surrounds and encloses the ram, thereby
preventing the ingress of water. Vessels or batteries of war acting as
rams by their own momentum, may be furnished with this supplementary or
independent ram.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROPULSION OF SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS, AND IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THIS PURPOSE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Piatti at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th April
1862.
I, THOMAS PIATTI, of 76, Rue St. Louis au Batignolles, in Paris, in
the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROPULSION OF SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS, AND IN THE
MEANS AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THIS PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
My improvements in the propulsion of steam or other vessels relate to a
peculiar arrangement of the propeller blades or paddles employed for this
purpose, which improvements I believe to comprise everything desirable for
the working, the speed, and the safety of the ship, the vibration is greatly
reduced, and a much steadier motion obtained.
Propellers constructed according to my Invention are mounted upon the
ends of the main driving axis or shaft on each side of the vessel like the
ordinary paddle wheels, and the apparatus consists of two wheels, circles, or
frames, which are keyed or fixed at a suitable distance apart upon the main
axis near the sides of the vessel. These wheels or circles are connected
together by studs or bolts, and are formed with three arms or projections,
through which other studs or bolts are passed, and upon which the propeller
blades or oars are mounted, serving as axes, upon which they can swing or
move freely. The axis on which each propeller blade, oar, or paddle is
mounted (and upon which it is capable of making a partial revolution) is

page_text: placed near its centre, and as the end of each paddle enters and passes through
the water to propel the vessel the opposite end is borne against one of the
studs or bolts which connect the two circles or frames together. Near the
outer extremity of each blade or paddle friction rollers are carried, which enter
into or between circular grooves or guides fixed on the sides of the vessel, and
fixed in a position excentric to the main driving axis, so as to govern the
relative positions of the propeller blades during their revolution; the shaft or
axis of the apparatus may be above the water line, or it may be used as a
submerged propeller by the driving shaft or axis being placed below the water
line, or it may be placed near the stern, or at such other part of the vessel as
may be desired.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF REVOLVING BATTERY
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Minton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th May
1862.
I, SAMUEL MINTON, of Woodlands Grove, Isleworth, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF REVOLVING BATTERY," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements on the floating rotating
battery for which I obtained, in conjunction with Richard Handley Thomas,
Letters Patent, dated, 3rd April 1858, No. 715. In the Specification of that
Patent, in order to facilitate the turning of the shot-proof chamber containing
the guns, I shewed and described a deep tank for receiving a water-tight
compartment or caisson forming part of a rotating chamber. The caisson
portion was situate below the gun platform, and was immersed in water
in the tank, thus giving the chamber the requisite amount of buoyancy. This
elongation of the chamber, and the deep tank for receiving it, was for the sole
purpose of giving buoyancy to the battery, and involved a considerable outlay
for its manufacture. I now propose materially to reduce the depth of the
caisson and tank, and to obtain the requisite buoyancy by the use of mercury
in place of water. In this case, as the revolving chamber will need but
comparatively little immersion of the part below the gun platform, it may, as
also the tank, (both of which are annular,) be made proportionately shallow.
The walls of the battery rising above the earthwork, or the deck of the vessel,

page_text: (as the case may be,) are to be made shot-proof, and inclined or vertical as
thought desirable. The ventilation will be at the top, and access may in
general be conveniently gained to the interior of the battery by a central
hollow shaft, around which the annular portion of the chamber revolves.
To avoid as much as possible unnecessary friction, and to maintain the rotating
chamber in position, rings of antifriction balls may be set around the central
shaft, and also within the tank, which balls, in case of the battery lurching at
sea, will receive and distribute the lateral pressure. When fitting the
battery on shipboard, I provide a means for stopping the outflow of the
mercury, using elastic packing of any suitable kind between the tank and
the cylinder; or I may provide an annular recess in the outer wall of the tank
to receive the mercury, from which it will run into the tank on the righting
of the vessel. The rotation of the battery may be effected either by central
gearing, or (by preference) by gearing at or near the periphery of the battery,
an annular rack being for that purpose affixed to the outer wall of the
tank, and receiving a pinion driven by a hand wheel or otherwise from the
interior of the battery To avoid the vaporization of the mercury, I propose
to run a film of oil or other suitable fluid over its surface.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING BETWEEN TARGETS AND SHOOTERS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Fox Bland at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th May
1862.
I, JAMES FOX BLAND, of Dorset Square, in the County of Middlesex, Captain
in H.M. 76th Regiment of Foot, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING BETWEEN
TARGETS AND SHOOTERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the employment of an index or scale set in front
and below the base of a target at a convenient distance therefrom, say twenty
yards, the numbers thereon corresponding with lateral divisions on the target,
and in the employment of an indicator consisting of a rod carrying a disc,
and numbered to correspond with vertical divisions on the same. To indicate
the point at which the bullet strikes the target, the indicator is raised
vertically by the marker, at the number on the index No. 3, for example,
corresponding with the lateral division on the target, where the bullet has
hit, and to such a height as to show a number 1, 2, 3, as the case may be
corresponding with the vertical division on the target, in which the bullet has
hit. To apply my signalling apparatuses, I prefer to form a pit or excavation
in front of the butt, which is roofed over leaving a space open in front so as
to allow the indicator to appear above the ground. The index or scale is
fitted on a level with the base of the target, and corresponds with the divisions
thereon, as before described. The earth is shelved off round the pit to throw
water off when the shooting is not being carried on. I cover the pit entrance,
and open space as alreaded described, and the pit with wood or otherwise.
AN IMPROVED COVERING FOR PROTECTING VESSELS AND FORTS FROM SHOT, SHELL, AND OTHER WARLIKE MISSILES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Pettet at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th September
1862. Partly a communication from abroad by William Stiles, of
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.
I, WILLIAM PETTET, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, now of
No. 11, Bulstrode Street, in the County of Middlesex, Merchant, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COVERING FOR
PROTECTING VESSELS AND FORTS FROM SHOT, SHELL, AND OTHER WARLIKE MISSILES,"
partly a communication to me from abroad by William Stiles, of Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, United States, to be as follows:-
The nature of this Invention consists in protecting the exterior of vessels of
war and other vessels, forts and batteries, from being broken or penetrated by
shot, shell, or other 'warlike missiles, by covering the exposed parts with an
armor composed of boiler plate iron and an intermediary elastic filling in such
a manner that the armor will be sufficiently elastic to yield or indent from the
impact of heavy shot or shell to produce the resisting quality required without
breaking, and at the same time avoid the greater weight incident to the use
of thick armor plates now being used for such protection upon gun boats and
other vessels of war. In order to produce this elastic or indentible armor
upon vessels of war I propose the introduction of a layer or filling about
eighteen inches or two feet thick, more or less, composed either of vulcanised"
gum or other gum, hemp, cotton, wool, oakum, dried grasses, fabrics of cocoa

page_text: nut hulls, sawdust, tan, or any other similarly compressible or elastic material,
or several of them together, packed tightly in between the vessel's outer walls,
and continuous outside plating of thick boiler iron, the latter to be secured to
the frame of the vessel by means of long nutted screw bolts, so that the said
intermediary packing or compressible and elastic stratum can be more tightly
compressed and firmly held together by means of nuts on the ends of the
screws cut on the bolts should any tightening of the filling be required after
the packing is completed. The same process is applicable to the inclined roof's
or decks of gun boats and other vessels and defences of all kinds. It is
intended to extend the armor specified down below the water-line of vessels
and water batteries. In addition to this armor it is intended to further protect
the outside iron plating by heavy quilts of either of the aforesaid elastic
substances, to be suspended from the bulwarks of vessels or the tops of forts
and other defences over said iron plating or covering, so as to be readily
replaced as occasion may require.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING, CHOPPING, AND BREAKING, REFINED LUMP SUGAR, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Blair at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th February
1862.
I, THOMAS BLAIR, of the City of Carlisle, Tea and Coffee Dealer, do'
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING, CHOPPING, AND BREAKING, REFINED LUMP
SUGAR, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar combination of machinery or apparatus
for cutting, chopping, and breaking lump sugar or similar hard substances
in a more expeditious, and regular manner than heretofore, and consists in
the employment for that purpose of an oscillating frame, and sliding saw bench,
each provided with an adjustable guage to suit the size of the piece of sugar
which is made to slide or oscillate against ribbon, band, circular, or vertical saws
whereby the piece of sugar is sawn into slices of any required thickness. These
slices are deposited upon an endless web, and brought thereby into contact with
a pair of feeding rollers, which move the slice forward to a certain point where-
a knife descends and cuts the slice into long narrow strips. Motion is imparted
to this knife by means of an eccentric, crank, or other suitable mechanical con-
trivance. The cut strips or pieces are pushed forward by the action of the
feeding rollers over a grating, by which arrangement the small or dust sugar is
separated from the larger pieces or strips. After this operation the strips are
made to enter a series of tubes or channels placed at an angle of about 45°,...

page_text: so as to allow the sugar to descend by its own gravity until it comes in contact
at the lower end of the tubes or channels with a fence or guage placed in
advance of a knife which falls upon the strips, and severs a piece from the
end of each at every tube or channel between the fence and the knife.
These pieces are subdivided by means of small knives fixed at right angles
into the before-mentioned knife the sugar being by this time broken into
fragments of the desired size for use. The machine may be made of any
size, and provided with any number of tubes or channels.
IMPROVEMENTS OF ALL KINDS OF WHEELS, FRAMEWORK, GIRDERS, COLUMNS, AND STANCHEONS, BLADES OF BLOWING FANS, AND PADDLE WHEELS FOR STEAM VESSELS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathaniel Symons at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th May
1862.
I, NATHANIEL SYMONS, of 6, Cambridge Street, St. Pancras, Iron Founder,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS OF
ALL KINDS OF WHEELS, FRAMEWORK, GIRDERS, COLUMNS, AND STANCHEONS,
BLADES OF BLOWING FANS, AND PADDLE WHEELS FOR STEAM VESSELS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention refers to a mode for a better distribution of all metals
by means of corrugations, indentations, or grooves, or in any other form or
shape that will increase the strength without adding to the weight, thereby
For an
equalizing the expansion and contraction of the said metals.
example of one form of girder (see Drawing, Sheet No. 2, marked E, E, E, E);
for one kind of wheel (see Drawing, Sheet No. 1, marked D, D, D, D).
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WADDING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Blair at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th June
1862.
I, JOHN BLAIR, of the Caledon Mill, in the City of Manchester, Wadding
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WADDING," to be as follows:--
In manufacturing wadding, it has heretofore been customary to employ the
fibres of cotton in preparing the fleecy web, which is afterwards sized on the
surface to unite the fibres. Now, my Invention consists in the application of
the fibres produced in tearing up the bags in which Surat and other cotton is
generally imported into this country. This fabric is known as Surat tares or
Surat bagging, and it is made of a coarse fibre or grass somewhat like jute.
The fibres produced from this bagging I now use as a substitute for or in
combination with cotton for manufacturing wadding, thus improving the quality
and economising the production.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ANEROID BAROMETERS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Browning, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
February 1862.
I, JOHN BROWNING, of the Minories, in the City of London, Optician, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ANEROID
BAROMETERS," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention consists in means of correcting the baro-
meters for temperature, a requirement arising from the fact that however
carefully a vacuum is attempted to be established between the corrugated
plates yet some portion of air will remain between them, this air expanding or
contracting upon being influenced by extremes of heat or cold, renders com-
pensation in the instrument, in order to render it perfect or as nearly so as may
be, necessary.
My means of obtaining the compensation or of correcting the barometers
for temperature consist in making the working parts, or some of them, of com-
pound metals or of metals of different degrees of expansibility.
Another part of my Invention consists in a new form and arrangement of
the spring connected to and which takes the working from the corrugated
plates to transmit it through other parts to the needle. My spring consists of
a simple bent blade formed in one piece united by a screw, by which the
spring is adjusted to the foundation plate or bed of the instrument; the other
end of the spring plate terminates in an eye by which it is connected to the
working parts as hereafter explained.

page_text: My Invention also consists in the following arrangement of the working
parts. The eye on the end of the spring receives a stud by which a slotted
link is connected to the spring, in this link a stud free to be moved and fixed
at any desired point in the slot is fitted. One end of this stud carries a roller
upon which the transmitting lever rests. From the transmitting lever I carry
a connecting blade to a short lever on the cradle, and I make this lever so
that it may be readily made shorter or longer in order to obtain, any adjust-
ment required. I thread this short lever and pass it through two plain eyes
rising from and forming part of the cradle, then by means of nuts screwed up
against the eyes I obtain the exact length required. Again, I form the
barrel, round which the chain passes for working the spindle of the needle,
conical.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN MACHINERY FOR CULTIVATING LAND BY STEAM POWER
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Samson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
December 1862.
I, WILLIAM HENRY SAMSON, of Underhill, Wittersham, in the County of
Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CERTAIN MACHINERY FOR CULTIVATING LAND BY STEAM POWER," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists, firstly, in constructing the apparatus used for
ploughing as follows:-The plough frame carries three ploughs side by side,
but little in advance of the other; these ploughs can be turned so as to
be a right or left handed plough, similar to a Kentish plough; also the
position of the ploughs can be changed, for instance, the first plough in
advance can be drawn behind, the hindermost plough drawn to the front,
the centre one keeping its position.
Secondly, two traction engines are used when ploughing, one at each side
of the field and opposite to each other, and attached to each engine is an
inclined plane, upon which the plough mounts as it arrives at either side, and
thus withdraws itself from the soil. When entirely clear from the soil the
engine is moved forward, the width of the ploughs carrying with it the
inclined frame and ploughs. The ploughs are then turned round on the in-
clined plane, either by means of a turntable constructed thereon, or it is first
lifted by a small crane, and turned by hand. The position of the mould

page_text: boards is then changed from right to left or vice versa, as the case may be,
and the first plough pushed backwards and the last one forwards, the middle
one retaining its position, as before described. The plough is then ready to
recross the field, when the same operation is repeated.
Thirdly, in order to economize steam power as much as possible I couple 5
the two engines together by means of a chain or rope, which passes round a
pulley fixed to and driven by the engine from one to the other across the field,
so that when one engine is not drawing the plough it may through the means
of the chain assist the other.
AN IM- PROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND DRESSING YARNS OR THREADS TO BE EMPLOYED AS WARPS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Tristram at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st October
1862.
I, WILLIAM TRISTRAM, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND DRESSING YARNS OR
THREADS TO BE EMPLOYED AS WARPS," to be as follows:-
My Invention for preparing and dressing yarn relates particularly to such
yarn as is prepared for warps to be subsequently printed, and such as are
extensively used in manufactures peculiar to Bradford, in the county of York.
The present method of preparing such yarn is to warp the number of ends and
length of yarn required in the ordinary circular warping mill, next to bleach
the warp, then to beam the warp in the beaming frame on to a weaver's
beam in "half beers," then to re-beam it on to another weaver's beam through
a weaver's reed. In this last process the greatest care is required to keep
every single thread of yarn on to its proper place, and to lay it evenly and
tightly on to the weaver's beam. My improvements consist in a novel
adaptation and combination of machinery to effect the purpose more perfectly
and expeditiously, the operation being conducted as follows:-The yarn is
first to be bleached in the bundle, then wound by means of "swifts" in the
warping frame on the warper's bobbins, then from the bobbins on to the back
beams in the beam warping mill, or employed for beam warping for "taped"

page_text: or dressed work. Next I arrange any number of these back beams in one
end of a dressing machine, called a "kreel," and run the yarn through a
weaver's reed on to a weaver's beam at the opposite end of the machine. For
dressing the yarn I employ a circular brush and hot cylinders or chambers in
combination with the above-named machinery. By this adaptation of dressing
machines to beam warping, I am enabled to economize considerably by
running the yarn direct from the warper's beam on to the weaver's, and by
dispensing with the circular warping mill, and the consequent amount of
dressing required afterwards, and also by bleaching first, less entanglement
ensues.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Bayley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th June
1862.
I, ABRAHAM BAYLEY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Oil Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LAMPS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention, which relates principally, but not exclusively, to
those lamps for burning paraffin, rock, and other "spirit" oils is,-Firstly, to
dispense with the glass chimney or globe usually employed, and yet to supply
a sufficient quantity of atmospheric air to maintain steady combustion by
simply lighting the lamp, but without the use of any mechanical motion. Over
the liquid container of the lamp, which I prefer making of a semi-spherical
or conical shape, or over a cap of similar or other suitable form secured
above the liquid container, but fitting air-tight to or around the wick tube,
I fit a cap having the same general outline; and by fenders or other arrange-
ments keep it a distance from the liquid container or cap first mentioned, thus
leaving a truncated space for the supply or ascension of air to the point of
combustion. The distance between this outer cap and the inner one, or liquid
container, is greater at the bottom, or air entrance, than at the top, towards
which latter it gradually diminishes, and where the air, having become heated
in its passage through the said truncated space, finally commingles with the
vapours from the wick, and impinges on the flame, thus supporting a bright

page_text: and uniform light. And, secondly, to supply a sufficient and uniform quantity
of air to lamps having chimnies or globes. To effect this I employ the air
supply arrangement first herein-before described, and fix a gallery or carrier
on the outer cap, either so constructed that when the chimney or globe is in
position, it will entirely exclude the air, or by leaving small openings it will
admit a sufficient air supply to make perfect combustion of the oil used.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF EXTRACTING THE FIBRE FROM ZOSTERA MARINA AND OTHER AQUATIC VEGETABLE PRODUCTIONS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Steart at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st November
1862.
I, JAMES STEART, of 5, Saint James's Road, Blue Anchor Road, Bermondsey,
in the County of Surrey, Manufacturer; do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF EXTRACTING THE FIBRE FROM
ZOSTERA MARINA AND OTHER AQUATIC VEGETABLE PRODUCTIONS," to be as
follows:-
I submit the plant or weed to various degrees of pressure by means of
rollers or otherwise, for the purpose of bruising or loosening the outer sheath
or skin and extracting the saccharine matter; I then place it in a wash bath
of fresh water, at a temperature from 85 to 110 Farenheit. It is then treated
in a bath, being a preparation of fish and water, denominated a pure bath, at a
temperature from 80 to 110 Farenheit, for a suitable length of time; and
lastly, to pressure and friction at a temperature from 75 to 100 Farenheit. By
this process the outer sheath or skin of the plant or weed is decomposed and
removed, leaving the fibre in an uninjured state; it is then dried and cleansed
and fit for manufacturing purposes.
I claim for the purposes of my Invention the application of pressure and
also of friction by whatsoever means respectively applied, and also of what is
called in the tanning trade "pure," with or without water or any chemical
composition combining the properties of "pure," howsoever respectively made
or applied; but the "pure" which I prefer to use is that prepared or obtained
by digesting fish in a proper vessel subjected to the action of steam.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Mortimer Heppel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
May 1862.
I, JOHN MORTIMER HEPPEL, of 34, Great George Street, Westminster, in
the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PERMANENT
WAY OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
One part of my improvements relates to that description of permanent way
where double-headed rails and the ordinary "chairs" are employed. I con-
struct longitudinal sleepers either of wrought iron or puddled steel, the trans-
verse section of which is formed of a trough shape, with a flange on either
side of the trough. These longitudinal sleepers are placed opposite each other
on the road, each opposite pair being connected together, and kept to gaugo
by means of wrought-iron tie bars or rods. I prefer to form these tie rods of
flat bar iron placed on edge between the sleepers, and with the ends twisted
round so as to lie in a flat position across the sleepers, the extreme ends being
bent into a hooked form, so as to lay hold of the outer flange of each sleeper;
the inner flange of the sleeper is attached to the bar by means of a strap or
staple passing round the latter (which has a notch formed for that purpose),
and through a hole in the flange, being secured at the under side of the
same by means of a split cotter. Any other suitable form of tie rod and
manner of fixing the same to the longitudinal sleepers may however be
employed. Upon the before-mentioned longitudinal sleepers, I fix the ordinary

page_text: cast-iron chairs carrying the rails; these chairs are placed transversely across
the sleeper, so as to rest upon each flange of the same, to which they are
attached by means of pins or bolts passing through and secured either by
cotters, or by screwed nuts, or by rivetting at the under side of the flanges.
Another part of my improvements relates to the description of permanent
way where flanged or contractors' rails are employed. I form longitudinal
sleepers of corrugated wrought iron or puddled steel plates, of which the
corrugations run in a transverse direction to that of the rails, and I secure the
rails to the same by means of rivets or bolts, and nuts or pins, and cotters
passing through them. The opposite rails are connected together and kept
to gauge by means of T-iron or other shaped tie bars secured to the flanges
by means of rivets, bolts, and nuts, or pins and cotters.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HAND MULES, CONSISTING OF A BREAK AND BACKING-OFF MOTION
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Barber at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th January
1862..
I, JOSHUA BARBER, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Manager, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HAND
MULES, CONSISTING OF A BREAK AND BACKING-OFF MOTION," to be as follows:-
In carrying out this Invention, I place a pulley upon the main shaft of the
mule, and a corresponding fast and loose pulley on the first mover, the strap
being adjusted so to drive in the contrary direction to the révolution of the
driving pulley. This strap passes through a strap fork attached to a sliding.
bar, to which is connected, a weighted bell-crank lever, which has a
constant tendency to throw the strap on to the fast pulley, but is prevented
from doing so by a catch, which holds against a projection on the sliding bar.
A short time before the "draw" or stretch of yarn has received its full
quantity of twist, a finger on the twist shaft strikes the above-mentioned
catch, releasing the sliding bar, which the weighted lever immediately sets in
motion, causing it by means of the strap fork attached thereto to throw the
strap from the loose pulley on to the fast pulley. The strap thus applied, and
moving in the opposite direction to the driving strap acts as a powerful break
in checking the velocity of the first mover, and reversing its motion, thus
entirely superseding the manual labor of the spinner in "breaking" and
backing-off. The "breaking" is finished and the "backing-off" com-

page_text: menced simultaneously by the time that the "draw" has received its full
amount of twist, and immediately before the spindles commence " winding-
When the spinner sets the mule in motion at the commencement of the
draw," a finger on the rod which throws the main driving strap on strikes
against a projection on the weighted crank lever, raising it, and thus throwing
the "breaking and backing-off" strap on to the loose pulley, the catch before
named holding it in that position until again released by the finger on the
twist shaft.
A NEW ATMOSPHERIC SAILING PROPELLER
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Antoine Alexandre Pheloux and
Pierre Armand Paumier at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 27th November 1862.
We, ANTOINE ALEXANDRE PHELOUX, of No. 75, Rue Quincampoix, House-
holder, and PIERRE ARMAND PAUMIER, of No. 9, Rue Christine, Merchant,
both of the City of Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A NEW ATMOSPHERIC SAILING PROPELLER,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention is composed of a reservoir with double casing; into this
reservoir air is introduced by means of suction and force pumps worked
by steam. The air being brought into the reservoir is compressed several
atmospheres, according to requirement, and escapes by blow-pipes placed
tangentally to the side of the ship at an inclination varying with the draught
thereof and the speed required. There are two blow-pipes on each side of
the ship turned towards the prow, and two towards the poop. The impulsion
is given by the air, which escaping from the reservoir by the blow-pipes comes
forcibly against the mass of water. Two blow-pipes, uniting into one near
the reservoir, are placed on each side the rudder beneath the water line, and
may in case of accident to the wheel or tiller serve conjointly with the side
pipes to work the ship, obviating the necessity of replacing the rudder, which
might in fact be entirely superseded by this system. The waste steam
circulates within the double casing of the reservoir, and heating the air gives
it a greater expansive power. It should be observed that the compressed air

page_text: may be obtained by any description of pump worked by steam or other power,
and may be subjected to variable pressure, that the blow-pipes may be
increased or diminished in number and size, and placed in different posi-
tions, and the jet of air may be continuous or intermittent.
Our Invention consists in bringing air into a reservoir, there compressing
and expanding it, and then directing it into the water by blow-pipes conducting
the jet or jets of air, as the progress or working of the ship may require.