IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS, SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE TO SINGLE FURROW, DOUBLE FURROW, AND TRIPLE FURROW TURN-WREST PLOUGHS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Davey, of Croftholc, in the Parish of
Sheviock, in the County of Cornwall, Agricultural Engineer and
.Implement Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS,
SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE TO SINGLE FURROW, DOUBLE FURROW,
AND TRIPLE FURROW TURN-WREST PLOUGHS."
T
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Davey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th February 1874.
.
I, JOHN DAVEY, of Crofthole, in the Parish of Sheviock, in the County
of Cornwall, Agricultural Engineer and Implement Maker, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS,.
BUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE TO SINGLE FURROW, DOUBLE FURROW, AND,
Triple Furrow TURN-WREST PLOUGHS," to be as follows:—
This Invention is applicable to single furrow and triple furrow turn. .

page_text: furrow turn-wrest ploughs (its application to which is herein-after
described), having two sets of ploughing tools and appliances mounted
on two separate beams, in such a manner that either of such sets can be
brought into a working position, so that while the plough it at work it
may throw the furrows always in the same direction, thus constituting a
double furrow one-way plough.
To the fore end of the front beam is attached a horizontal boss which
carries the front or furrow wheel or wheels, which is or are entirely self-
acting and always running in the furrow when ploughing either the
right-hand or left-hand way, provision being made by means of suitable
arrangements for raising and lowering, expanding, and contracting such
wheel or wheels, so as to produce a perfect adjustement.
In most double furrow ploughs a steerage wheel is provided and
operated upon by a lover, but by the present Invention the steerage is
effected by arrangements in connection with the draught part of the 1
plough by which the attendant has perfect control over the implement
by means of the stilts. The hind part of the frame is suspended on a
wheel, thus reducing the friction or draught of the plough. This wheel
is attached to the stilts which are hung to the frame, and at the headlands
are vertically reversed and held in proper working position by means of
a catch, such operation being effected whilst the plough lies in a
horizontal position, and suspended on large bevel washers which are
attached to the land wheels.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Davey in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 25th August 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN 30
DAVEY, of Crofthole, in the Parish of Sheviock, in the County of
Cornwall, Agricultural Engineer and Implement Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of February, in the year of

page_text: our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs, and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Davey, Her special licence that
I, the said John Davey, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said John Davey, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS,
SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE TO SINGLE FURROW, DOUBLE FURROW, AND
TRIPLE FURROW TURN-WREST PLOUGHS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said John Davey, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Davey, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being made to the Drawings here-
unto annexed and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to
say :-
My said Invention chiefly relates to certain improvements in the
construction of double furrow turn-wrest ploughs, which have two sets
of ploughing tools mounted on separate beams, in such a manner that
either set of the ploughing tools can by reversing the plough and turning
it upside down be brought into working position, so that whilst the
plough is at work it may throw the furrows always in one direction, thus
constituting a double furrow one-way plough.
My said Invention is also applicable by means of such modifications
and adaptations as will be well understood by persons conversant with
mechanism of this description, to single furrow and triple furrow turn-
wrest ploughs.
The first part of my said Invention consists in the arrangements for
the furrow wheel, which are such that the wheel shall always run in the

page_text: furrow when ploughing either the left-hand or the right-hand way.
This is effected by placing a boss on the fore end of the front beam,
which boss carries or is connected with the front or furrow wheel,
provision being made for raising, lowering, expanding, contracting,
reversing, or otherwise altering the position of the furrow wheel. The
said boss piece or any part connected therewith may be of any suitable
shape, and may be fixed, hinged, or in any way made adjustable, or
another adjustable furrow wheel may be fixed on the top of the plough,
the same being either connected with or independent of the furrow
wheel underneath the plough.
The second part of my said Invention is as follows:-In most double
furrow ploughs a steerage wheel or wheels is provided which is operated
on by a lever for that purpose, but under my present Invention every
necessary steerage is effected by a peculiar draught part by means of
which the attendant has perfect control over the stilts or handles. The
hinder part of the frame or beam is suspended on a wheel or wheels,
thus reducing the friction or draught of the plough, such wheel or
wheels being attached to the stilts or handles which are hung to the
beam, and at headlands are vertically reversed and held or kept in
proper position by a lock, catch, lever, or other suitable appliance, such
as will be well understood, the same being effected whilst the plough lics
in a longitudinal or horizontal position suspended on the land wheels;
bevil washers, or other suitable analogous appliances may be employed
for the same purpose. As the horses turn round the plough is again
brought into its vertical or working position.
Another improvement which I prefer to use in combination with my
said Invention, although I do not claim it as constituting part thereof,
consists in fastening a moveable arm, swivel bar, or other connection to
which the horses are attached to any part nearer the centre of the
plough, instead of fastening it as is usually done to the front part of the
beam, thus further assisting the attendant in the steering or controlling
the horses from having any undue power over the direction of the
plough.
I will now proceed to refer to the annexed Drawings from which the
nature of my said Invention will be more clearly understood.
Figure 1 is a side clevation of a turn-wrest plough; Figure 2 is a plan

page_text: Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, are details or parts of the mechanism
drawn to a larger scale. In these Figures similar letters of reference
indicate corresponding parts.
a, a¹, a³, a³, represent the furrow or front wheel; b, b', &, 3, indicato
the boss piece or attachments thereto, the same carrying the furrow
wheel and capable of being adjusted to any required position, being kept
in place by means of set screws or other appliances. The handles or stilts
are represented by f, f', f, the same being connected with the hind
wheel e, e¹, and kept in position by means of the locking piece 9, I³, I³‚ I³ ;
such locking piece or catch can be thrown out of gear when the plough
is turned over to its horizontal position, so as to allow the handles to be
reversed, and again used to secure the rigidity of the latter; c, c¹, are the
land wheels or bevil washers which facilitate the turning of the plough
at headlands; h, h¹, h³, illustrate the moveable draught arm, swivel, or
slotted bar (or modification thereof), the same being attached to the
centre of the cross piece i, i, . The said cross piece is constructed with
holes therein to admit of alteration of the draught.
My said Invention is applicable to ploughs of the descriptions above
mentioned, whether the same be actuated by horse, steam, or other
motive power.
Having thus declared and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I would obscrve
in conclusion that what I consider novel and original, and therefore
claim as constituting the Invention secured to me by the said herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent are,—
-
First. The construction and application of the furrow or front wheel to
turn-wrest or one-way ploughs which are constructed so as to be turned
upside down at headlands in order to lay the furrows in one direction,
and also the application of two wheels for the same purpose, together
with the boss piece and other attachments connected therewith, sub-
stantially as and for the purposes herein-before described and set forth
or any mere modifications thereof.
Secondly. The arrangements of and mode of actuating the draught
portion of the plough hind wheel or wheels, stilts, or handles, sub-
stantially as and for the purposes herein-before described and set forth
or any mere modifications thereof.

page_text: Thirdly. The arrangement of the land wheels and bevil washers for
assisting the turning of the plough, substantially as and for the purposes
herein-before described and set forth or any mere modifications
thercof.
And, Lastly. The combination and arrangement of parts and
mechanism (save as aforesaid), substantially as and for the purposes
herein-before described and set forth or any mere modifications thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Davey, have hereunto set my
<
my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.
TAHN DAVEV