Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Mar., 1886.
Complete Left, 10th Dec., 1886.
Complete Accepted, 11th Jan., 1887.
JOHN JOSEPH HOOKER of Tideswell in the County of Derby Catholic Priest do.
hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to mirrors constructed to give true or what may be termed
positive reflections of objects placed within their field or scope of reflection, and refers
to the form of mirror whereby such effects are obtained and not to the material of
which mirrors may be constructed. In mirrors at present, in use the reflection of an
object is obtained from a single reflecting surface which for all practical purposes is a
level or flat surface, such mirrors instead of giving what I term a true or positive
reflection give what may be termed a negative reflection, for instance a watch would
be reflected with the position of the figures and motion of the hands reversed, printed
inatter would be reversed by negative reflection back to the fac-simile of the type from
which it was printed and similarly the features limbs or movement of the human body
are reversed by reflection from left to right and right to left. The object of my
invention is to produce mirrors of a kind suitable for ordinary use or enjoyment which
will give true or positive reflections of every object within their field or scope, that is
a watch would be reflected with the position of its figures and the motion of its hands
not reversed and printed matter would appear in the mirror as on the paper and
similarly the features or limbs and movements of a human person would appear in the
mirror exactly as they appear in reality, that is the right arm of the real figure would
appear as the right arm in the reflected figure and so forth.
In constructing a mirror according to my Invention I provide two flat reflecting
surfaces accurately meeting at right angles which may if desired for convenience of
construction be made up of two separate flat reflecting surfaces accurately fitted to
each other so as to form two planes meeting at right angles, or if desired the two
planes meeting at an angle may be parts or wings of the same reflecting plate the
object being to obtain two reflecting surfaces converging and meeting at right angles
the reflection being obtained from the inner or converging surfaces; these two
surfaces form the mirror which gives the true or positive reflection of any object
within its field or scope as already directed.

page_text: In some cases, such as for mere ornament, I prefer to construct a positive mirror by
means of a triangular prism of transparent material such as glass, two of the surfaces
of which prism are similar and meet at right angles, these two surfaces are made
reflecting surfaces by being silvered over the remaining surface being left transparent
and forms the face of the mirror. As a positive mirror may be found less convenient
for some purposes such as shaving or other toilet operations than the ordinary negative
mirror to which people have been so long accustomed the two forms of mirror may be
readily combined by being fixed in one frame which by turning on a pivot will present
the positive or negative mirror at will, or the positive mirror may be turned in such a
position as to bring one reflecting surface endwise to the object to be reflected so as
to be inoperative when the other surface is turned opposite to the said object so as to
give a negative reflection like a single flat surface of the usual kind.
G. J. CLARKSON,
Agent for the said John Joseph Hooker.

page_text: Mirrors for Obtaining True or Positive Reflections.
I, JOHN JOSEPH HOOKER of Tideswell, in the County of Derby, Catholic Priest, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
or
My Invention relates to mirrors constructed to give persons looking into them true
r.what may be termed positive reflections of themselves and of objects placed within
the scope or field of reflection of the mirror, and refers to the form and not to the
material of which mirrors are constructed.
In mirrors at present in use, the reflection of an object is usually obtained from a
single reflecting surface which for all practical purposes is a level or flat surface;
such mirrors instead of giving a true or what may be termed a positive reflection give
what may be termed a negative reflection, for instance, a watch would be reflected in
an ordinary flat mirror with the order of the figures and motion of the hands reversed,
printed matter would be reversed by negative reflection back to a fac-simile of the
type from which it was printed, and similarly the features and limbs or movements of
the human body are reversed by negative reflection from right to left and from left
to right.
I am aware that mirrors formed of reflecting surfaces set at angles to each other, so
as to form what may be termed compound or winged mirrors, have been employed as
toilet or ornamental mirrors; but, the specific object of the positive mirror has never
been contemplated in their construction, the wings or reflecting surfaces of such
mirrors being either moveable, so as to vary the angle between them, or are set at a
fixed angle at random and with an entire disregard to the positive or negative nature
of the reflection obtained, and are frequently fitted into frame-work which extends
along the line of intersection of the two surfaces, thereby, rendering such mirrors
perfectly useless for the purposes of my invention.
The object of my invention is to construct mirrors which shall comply with certainty
and accuracy with all the conditions requisite to enable persons looking into them to
obtain from such mirrors positive reflections of themselves and of all objects placed
within their scope or field, and in order that my invention may be fully understood
I will now proceed to describe the same with reference to the accompanying drawings,
in which :-
Fig. 1, is a front elevation and Fig. 2, a plan of a mirror constructed according to
my invention in which I provide two flat surfaces A B meeting so as to form an
angular or compound mirror which may, if desired for convenience of construction, be
made up of separate flat surfaces of preferably equal reflecting power fitted to each
other so as to form two planes fitting so closely as to meet each other without any
frame-work intervening along the line of intersection of the two planes so as in any
way to intercept the influence of each mirror upon the other, or the two planes forming
the angle may be parts or wings of the same reflecting plate, the object being to
obtain two reflecting surfaces fixed in position with reference to each other and
converging to an accurate right angle as illustrated in the figures, which is the only

page_text: angle of practical utility for most applications of the positive mirror, although positive
reflections may also be obtained when the reflecting surfaces converge in the same
way to some exact equal division of a right angle such as the,, or of a right
angle, the reflection being obtained from the inner or converging surfaces A B. These
two surfaces form the mirror which gives within one or more of the reflected angles
the true or positive reflection of any object within its field or scope as already described.
It must be understood that the reflecting surfaces A B must be fixed accurately to a
right angle or the,, or part of a right angle and that no frame-work must intervene
between the converging surfaces so as to intercept their influence upon each other,
any other arrangement of reflecting surfaces which does not comply with these
conditions does not constitute a mirror constructed according to my invention.
A positive mirror necessarily contains two negative mirrors and the negative or
positive reflection may be obtained as described by changing the position of the
or object placed before it. These mirrors may be used for all purposes for which the
ordinary Hat mirrors are used, they may also be placed in shop windows or other places
for exhibiting articles, the appearance of each object placed within the range of
reflection being multiplied by four or more, whilst the show place, supposing the angle
to be the accurate right angle, is increased to the square of the frontage, thereby
producing very effective results.
person
For ordinary toilet purposes the positive mirror may be mounted on pivots so as to
swing round as illustrated in Fig. 2, where CC are pivots attached to the mirror, an
ordinary flat mirror may also be fitted to the back of a positive mirror mounted on
pivots so that either mirror may be used at will, as this can be effected by any simple
arrangement I have not thought it necessary to illustrate it in the drawings.
Having now described the nature of my invention and how it is to be applied to the
construction of mirrors, what I claim is :-
Compound Mirrors, or a combination of reflecting surfaces for giving positive
reflections, the reflecting surfaces being fixed or united together at a particular angle
and in a particular manner as hereinbefore described.