IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRINGS FOR RAIL- WAY CARRIAGES AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1863

page_text: Office," No. 12, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRINGS FOR RAIL-
WAY CARRIAGES AND OTHER PURPOSES."-A communication from abroad by
Richard Vose, of the City, County, and State of New York, United
States of America.
Sealed the 16th October 1863, and dated the 4th May 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Haseltine at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th May 1863.
I, GEORGE HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," No. 12,
Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRINGS
FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND OTHER PURPOSES," a communication from abroad,
to be as follows:-
These improvements relate chiefly to the use of longitudinally fluted or
grooved bars in constructing spiral or helical springs, to the novel modes of
combining india-rubber or similar material with metal in the formation of
springs for supporting heavy weights and resisting great pressure; to a novel
construction of the parts of this compound spring, whereby the strength is

page_text: increased and the weight diminished; and to so arranging the parts as to
augment the elasticity of the spring by means of confined air.
The required elasticity of the compound spring is obtained by the use of a
spiral spring in connection with india-rubber or similar material, or by the
use of one or more concavo-convex springs and india-rubber, or by the employ-
ment of india-rubber in connection with confined air.
The spiral or helical spring used in the compound spring is formed of a
longitudinally channelled or fluted bar of metal. This preparation of the bar
greatly increases the strength and elasticity of the spring, and springs thus
fashioned may be used by themselves for various purposes to great advantage;
but in supporting railway and other heavy carriages its combination with a
pliable yielding substance is found preferable. This combination is effected
by either intertwining a similar coil of india-rubber or the like material, or
by imbedding the spring in the yielding material.
When concavo-convex springs are used in the compound spring, they act
indirectly rather than directly in the elimination of resistant power; these
springs are arranged with an india-rubber disc between them, this disc being
kopt in position by means of internally grooved metallic rings and a metallic
cap at each end of the compound spring. To prevent the oxidation of the
metallic spring plates, I interpose discs of leather or some fibrous material
between them and the india-rubber. The india-rubber discs and the metallic
springs should bear such relation to each other that their action and re-action
will afford mutual protection against injury when exposed to concussive strains.
When the metallic springs are dispensed with in the construction of the com-
pound spring, centrally perforated flat-sided discs of india-rubber or other
similar material are employed, said discs being separated at their outer edges
by rings, and at their centres by circular bearings, and confined by caps fixed
on a bolt, which passes through perforation in these central bearings; these
caps have each a flaring annular groove formed on their inner faces, which
terminates at its outer edge in a lip or flange, the latter embracing and
confining the outer edge of the elastic discs, and protecting the edge from
fracture. Similar lips or flanges for the same purpose are formed on the upper
and under side of the rings. A cross section of these rings through a radius
presents the form of an outwardly thickening hollow wedge. Each ring is
placed on the same plane with a central bearing, the form of the latter being
that of a short thick tube with a corrugated tapering flange or collar. By this
construction of the rings and central bearings, only the angle forming the
edges of the outer and inner peripheries of the elastic discs press against the
rings and central bearings, leaving, with the exception of these angles, every

page_text: part of the discs free to yield when the pressure is exerted upon the spring.
From the peculiar structure of the said parts, the inner peripheries and flat
faces of these discs when yielding play into cavities or closed chambers, in
which the confined air offers an elastic resistance, which adds considerably to
the power and efficiency of the spring, while the lateral expansion permitted
by this construction of the rings to the outer periphery of each elastic disc
distributes the compressing force evenly, and secures perfect uniformity in the
working of the entire spring.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
the said George Haseltine in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th October 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," No. 12, Southampton
Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her reign.
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
George Haseltine, Her special license that I, the said George Haseltine, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George
Haseltine, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
İslands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRINGS FOR
RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND OTHER PURPOSES," a communication, upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said George Haseltine, my executors
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, or
under the hand and seal of one of them, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Haseltine, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following

page_text: statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings making a part
of this Specification.
These improvements relate chiefly to the use of longitudinally fluted bars in
the construction of spiral or helical springs; to the novel modes of combining
india-rubber or similar material with metal in the formation of springs for
supporting heavy weights or resisting great pressure; to a novel construction of
the parts, whereby the strength is greatly increased and the weight diminished;
and to so arranging the parts as to augment the elasticity of the spring by
means of confined air.
The required elasticity of the compound spring is obtained by the use of a
spiral spring in connection with india-rubber or similar material, or by the use
of one or more concavo-convex springs and india-rubber, or by the employment
of india-rubber in connection with confined air.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a spiral spring formed of a longitudinally fluted bar.
Figure 2 is a compound spring formed of coils of metal and india-rubber
intertwined; Figure 3 is a section of the spring shown in Figure 2, with case
and other parts complete for use.
Figuro is a compound spring formed of a spiral spring imbedded in india-
rubber or other similar material.
Figure 5 is an elevation of the spring formed of concavo-convex springs in
combination with felt and india-rubber; Figure 6 is a vertical central section
of Figure 5.
Figure 7 is an elevation of the spring in which the elasticity is obtained by
a yielding substance in connection with confined air; Figure 8 is a vertical
central section of Figure 7.
Figure 9 is a view of detached annular and central bearing plates used in
the spring illustrated by Figures 7 and 8.
Figure 10 is a cross section of coils A, B, Figures 2 and 3, when the spring
is under pressure.
Figures 11 and 12 are sections of longitudinally fluted bars used in the
construction of spiral springs. Like letters refer to corresponding parts in all
the Figures.
In constructing my improved compound springs in the form shown in
Figures 2, 3, and 4, I first form helices, Figure 1, of longitudinally channeled
or fluted bars of metal; these bars are fluted before they are coiled in the
required shape to form the spring. By fluting or channeling the bars, not
only do I reduce the weight of the metallic spring, but by exposing the greatest

page_text: possible surface of the bars to the tempering process, I actually increase the
toughness and elasticity of the metal, and obtain more perfect uniformity in its
quality and texture. The springs shown in Figure 1, constructed of fluted
bars, are greatly superior to the ordinary helical springs for most or all purposes
to which the latter are applied; and this form of construction in itself con-
stitutes a part of my Invention.
In supporting heavy weights or resisting great pressure, I prefer, however,
to protect and preserve the peculiar elastic properties of the metal and increase
the power of the simple fluted spiral spring, Figure 1, by combining therewith
a pliable, elastic, yielding substance; I therefore, either intertwine, by inter-
position between the coils A of the spring shown in Figure 1, additional
coils B, Figures 2 and 3, composed of india-rubber, gutta percha, or other
elastically yielding substance, or imbed it completely in said yielding substance,
as shown in Figure 4. The manner of intertwining the rubber coils with those
of metal is clearly shown in Figures 2 and 3. The compound spring, shown
in Figure 4, is constructed cheaply and expeditiously by imbedding and
enclosing a suitably tempered spiral or helical metal spring in sulphurized
india-rubber or its equivalent while the gum is in a soft and plastic state, and
after molding and fashioning the exterior in a cylindrical or other desirable
form, and molding also a suitable longitudinal aperture in the centre thereof,
hardening the same by baking it at a proper temperature, according to any of
the well-known formulas for the vulcanization of india-rubber; these compound
springs are the most powerful for their size and weight of any springs known
to me, and their peculiar constitution makes them most reliable and durable.
.Notwithstanding the fact that by fluting or longitudinally grooving the
spiral or helical spring which forms a component part of the compound spring,
the strength and efficiency of the latter is increased, and that the longitudinal
grooves partially embracing the elastic material placed between the coils not
only retain such material securely in place, but serve to give to the compound
spring compactness and homogeniety, yet the beneficial results obtained by
the combination of india-rubber or other similar elastically yielding substance
with the metallic coils of helical springs, are not by any means confined to
any particular shape or form of the bar used in the construction of the helix.
In the forms of my compound spring, shown complete in Figures 5 and 7,
of which Figures 6 and 8 are vertical central sections, the metal used in the
combination acts indirectly rather than directly in the elimination of resistant
power. That form shown in Figures 5 and is constructed of concavo-convex
metallic springs a, a, combined with india-rubber disks C, C, which are retained
in their proper relative positions by means of internally grooved metallic

page_text: rings D, D, and metallic caps E and F. To prevent the oxidation of the
comparatively thin metallic plates or disks a, a, consequent upon the direct
contact with the disks C, C, of vulcanized rubber, I interpose disks b, b, of felt,
or leather, or some fibrous material between them, and I secure them in
position upon the concavo-convex metallic springs a, a, by means of central
rivets c, c.
These rubber disks C, C, and metallic springs a, a, should bear
such relative proportions that the action and re-action of the one upon the other
will afford mutual protection against injury when exposed to concussive strains.
That form shown in Figures 7 and 8, detached parts of which P and Q aro
shown in Figure 9, is constructed of centrally perforated flat-sided disks C', C',
of india-rubber or its equivalent placed between metallic caps H, H, and
metallic rings P, and central bearings Q. The caps H and I have each a
flaring annular groove formed on their inner faces, which terminates at its
outer circumference in a lip or flange d. This lip or flange embraces and
confines the outer edge of the elastic disk C'. Similar lips or flanges e, e, for
the same purpose project from the circumference of each of the rings P, P,
which are formed with inwardly or centrally extending projections f. A cross
section of these rings through the radius presents the form of an outwardly
thickening hollow wedge. Each ring is placed horizontally in the same plane
with and immediately opposite to a central circular bearing Q, whose form is
that of a short thick tube with a corrugated tapering flange or collar radiating
from the central portion of its outer periphery. The several parts of this
spring, shown in Figures 7 and 8, are confined in the proper relative and acting
positions by means of a rod or bolt K, Figure 7, fitted within the central
aperture shown in Figure 8, as extending longitudinally through the spring.
In order to secure as far as may be lightness in the spring, the projections f.f.
extending inwardly from the rings P, P, are scalloped and formed hollow, as
shown in Figures 8 and 9. The shape of the corrugated flange on the
bearing Q, which decreases in thickness as it extends from the centre, and the
wedge-shape of the projections upon the rings P, P, prevent the elastic
disks C', C', coming in contact with the metal, excepting at the angles forming
the edge of the outer and inner peripheries respectively of these disks. This
construction leaves not only the outer and inner peripheries unconfined, except
at their edges, but likewise their upper and lower flat faces; hence, when
pressure is exerted upon the spring, the elastic disks yield in all directions,
except at their edges, and from the peculiar construction of the several parts
of my improved spring, as described and shown in Figures 8 and 9, the inner
peripheries and flat flaces of these disks, when yielding play into closed cavities
or chambers, in which the confined air offers an elastic resistance, thereby

page_text: greatly increasing the power and efficiency of the spring. The edges of tlie
elastic disks are protected from fracture by the flanges of the metallic
portions of the springs, while the lateral expansion of the outer periphery of
the elastic disks distributes the compressing force evenly, and affords perfect
uniformity in the working of the compound spring.
In Figure 10 is seen a cross section of a coil of india-rubber and another
of metal intertwined, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, when the spring is subjected
to pressure. The number of longitudinal grooves or channels in the bars from
which the spiral springs are constructed may be varied, as well as their shape,
without departing from the nature of my Invention, but it is a desideratum in
forming these bars to obtain the greatest degree of strength from a given
weight of metal. The portion of a corrugated bar shown in Figure 11, a
cross section of which is shown in Figure 12, is a modification of the form
shown in Figures 3, 4, and 10.
Having now fully described my improvements and shown how the same may
be conveniently and advantageously carried into effect, I wish it understood
that I do not confine myself to the exact details set forth, nor do I limit myself
to the use of india-rubber in combination with metal, as gutta percha or other
equivalently yielding material may be employed; but what I claim as my
Invention is,
First, the helical or spiral springs constructed of longitudinally grooved or
channeled metal bars, substantially as herein set forth.
Second, the use of india-rubber or its equivalent in combination with spiral
or helical springs, substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein
set forth.
Third, the combination and arrangement of disks or sections of vulcanized
india-rubber or other elastic gum with concavo-convex metallic springs,
substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein set forth.
Fourth, the combination of disks or sections of vulcanized india-rubber or
other elastically yielding substance with interposed metallic sections or bearings
in the formation of a compound spring, when said metallic sections are so
shaped as to produce in connection with the elastic disks receptacles or
chambers for confined air, substantially as herein set forth.
Fifth, the employment in a spring of the elastic properties of confined air
and of india-rubber by the use of metallic bearings, substantially as herein
set forth.
Sixth, in the formation of a compound spring I claim arranging the elastic
disks in such a manner that their surfaces may yield freely in all directions,

page_text: while their angles are confined and protected from fracture by means of
flanged projections upon the metallic portion of said spring, substantially as
herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Haseltine, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Seventeenth day of October, in the year of 5
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
GEORGE HASELTINE. (L.S.)

page_text: Filed 11th May 1864.
In the Matter of Letters Patent granted to GEORGE HASELTINE,
of the International Patent Office, No. 12, Southampton Build-
ings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRINGS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND
OTHER PURPOSES."-A communication from abroad by Richard Vose,
of the City, County, and State of New York, United States of
America.
Dated Fourth of May, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three,
(No. 1113), the Specification of which was filed on the Seventeenth
of October, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
WHEREAS since the filing of the Specification of the said Patent, I have
ascertained that the modification of the spring therein described and illustrated
by Figure 4 of the Drawings accompanying the said Specification does not
possess sufficient novelty to induce me to wish to retain any exclusive right
thereto, and for this reason I am desirous of making, entering, and filing
the Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration herein-after expressed and
contained.
NOW KNOW YE, THEREFORE, that I, the said George Haseltine, by and
with the leave of Her Majesty's Attorney General, and for the reason afore-

page_text: "
"
said, do hereby disclaim the words (occurring at page 4, lines 19 and 20
of the printed copy of the Specification) "Fig. 4 is a compound spring
formed of a spiral spring imbedded in india-rubber or other similar
"material;" and I insert the word "and" between the Figures " 2, 3,"
and strike out the word and Figure "and 4" in line 35, page 4, of the
printed copy of the said Specification. I also strike out the word "either"
(at line 10, page 5), and the words "or imbed it completely in said
yielding substance, as shown in Fig. 4" (at lines 13 and 14, page 5),
and the paragraph beginning with the words "The compound spring" (at line
15, page 5), and ending with the words "most reliable and durable" (at line
24, page 5).
"
And in order that the designation of the Figures 11 and 12, of the Drawings
may be more strictly correct, I substitute the Number "12" for 11, and
the Number "11" for 12, in lines 12 and 13 respectively, page 7 of the
printed copy of the said Specification. I also strike out the number "4
in line 14 of page 7. And I alter the said Specification, by inserting at
the end of the second claiming clause (at line 25, page 7) the following
words, and illustrated by Figures 2, 3, and 10 of the Drawings
annexed."
And in order that the effect of the Disclaimer and Memorandum of Altera-
tion may be better understood, I annex a copy of the Specification as it will
appear when such Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration have been made
as aforesaid.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," No. 12, Southampton
Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said George Haseltine, Her special license that I, the said George
Haseltine, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others ns I,
the said George [Haseltine, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRINGS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND OTHER PURPOSES," a
communication, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George

page_text: Haseltine, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, or under the hand and seal of one of them, should parti-
cularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Haseltine, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings making a part of
this Specification:-
These improvements relate chiefly to the use of longitudinally fluted bars in
the construction of spiral or helical springs, to the novel modes of combining
india-rubber, or similar material with metal in the formation of springs for
supporting heavy weights or resisting great pressure; to a novel construction
of the parts whereby the strength is greatly increased, and the weight diminished
and to so arranging the parts as to augment the elasticity of the spring by
means of confined air. The required elasticity of the compound spring is
obtained by the use of a spiral spring in connection with india-rubber or similar
material, or by the use of one or more concavo-convex springs and india-
rubber, or by the employment of india-rubber in connection with con-
fined air.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a spiral spring formed of a longitudinally fluted bar; Figure 2
is a compound spring formed of coils of metal and india-rubber intertwined;
Figure 3 is a section of the spring shown in Figure 2, with case and other
parts complete for use; Figure 5 is an elevation of the spring formed of
concavo-convex springs, in combination with felt and india-rubber; Figure 6 is
a vertical central section of Figure 5; Figure 7 is an elevation of the spring in
which the elasticity is obtained by a yielding substance in connection with
confined air; Figure 8 is a vertical central section of Figure 7; Figure 9 is a
view of detached annular and central bearing plates used in the spring illus-
trated by Figures 7 and 8; Figure 10 is a cross section of coils A, B, Figures
2 and 3, when the spring is under pressure; Figures 11 and 12 are sections
of longitudinally fluted bars used in the construction of spiral springs. Like
letters refer to corresponding parts in all the Figures.
In constructing my improved compound springs in the form shown in
Figures 2 and 3, I first form helices, Figure 1, of longitudinally channelled

page_text: or fluted bars of metal. These bars are fluted before they are coiled in the
required shape to form the spring. By fluting or channelling the bars not only
do I reduce the weight of the metallic spring, but by exposing the greatest
possible surface of the bars to the tempering process, I actually increase the
toughness and elasticity of the metal, and obtain more perfect uniformity in its
quality and texture.
The springs shewn in Figure 1 constructed of fluted bars are greatly
superior to the ordinary helical springs for most or all purposes to which the
latter are applied, and this form of construction in itself constitutes a part of
my Invention.
In supporting heavy weights, or resisting great pressure, I prefer however
to protect and preserve the peculiar elastic properties of the metal, and increase
the power of the simple fluted spiral spring, Figure 1, by combining therewith
a pliable elastic yielding substance. I therefore intertwine by interposition
between the coils A of the spring shown in Figure 1 additional coils B,
Figures 2 and 3, composed of india-rubber, gutta percha, or other clastically
yielding substance.
The manner of intertwining the rubber coils with those of metal is clearly
shewn in Figures 2 and 8.
Notwithstanding the fact that by fluting or longitudinally grooving the
spiral or helical spring, which forms a component part of the compound spring,
the strength and efficiency of the latter is increased, and that the longitudinal
grooves partially embracing the elastic material placed between the coils not
only retain such material securely in place, but serve to give to the compound
spring compactness and homogeniety, yet the beneficial results obtained by the
combination of india-rubber or other similar elastically yielding substance with
the metallic coils of helical springs are not by any means confined to any
particular shape or form of the bar used in the construction of the helix.
In the forms of my compound spring shown complete in Figures 5
and 7, of which Figures 6 and 8 are vertical central sections, the metal
used in the combination acts indirectly rather than directly in the elimination
of resistant power.
That form shown in Figures 5 and 6 is constructed of concavo-convex
metallic springs a, a, combined with india-rubber disks C, C, which are retained
in their proper relative positions by means of internally grooved metallic rings
D, D, and metallic caps E and F.
To prevent the oxidation of the comparatively thin metallic plates or disks
a, a, consequent upon the direct contact with the disks C, C, of vulcanized
rubber, I interpose disks b, b, of felt or leather, or some fibrous material

page_text: between them, and I secure them in position upon the concavo-convex metallic
springs a, a, by means of central rivets c. c. These rubber disks C, C, and
metallic springs a, a, should bear such relative proportions that the action and
reaction of the one upon the other will afford mutual protection against injury
when exposed to concussive strains.
That form shown in Figures 7 and 8, detached parts of which, P and Q, are
shown in Figure 9 is constructed of centrally perforated flat-sided disks C', C',
of india-rubber or its equivalent placed between metallic caps H, H, and
metallic rings P and central bearings Q. The caps H and H have each a
flaring annular groove formed on their inner faces, which terminates at its
outer circumference in a lip or flange d. This lip or flange embraces and
confines the outer edge of the elastic disk C. Similar lips or flanges c, e, for
the same purpose project from the circumference of each of the rings P, P,
which are formed with inwardly or centrally extending projections f. A cross
section of these rings through the radius presents the form of an outwardly
thickening hollow wedge. Each ring is placed horizontally in the same plane
with and immediately opposite to a central circular bearing Q. whose form is
that of a short thick tube with a corrugated tapering flange or collar radiating
from the central portion of its outer periphery.
The several parts of this spring, shown in Figures 7 and 8, are confined in the
proper relative and acting positions by means of a rod or bolt K, Figure 7, fitted
within the central aperture shown in Figure 8 as extending longitudinally
through the spring.
In order to secure, as far as may be, lightness in the spring, the projections
ff, extending inwardly from the rings P, P, are scallopped and formed hollow
as shewn in Figures 8 and 9. The shape of the corrugated flange on the
bearing Q, which decreases in thickness as it extends from the centre, and the
wedge shape of the projections upon the rings P, P, prevent the elastic disks
C', C', coming in contact with the metal, excepting at the angles forming
the edge of the outer and inner peripheries respectively of these disks.
This construction leaves not only the outer and inner peripheries unconfined
except at their edges, but likewise their upper and lower flat faces, hence when
pressure is exerted upon the spring, the elastic disks yield in all directions except
at their edges, and from the peculiar construction of the several parts of my
improved spring, as described and shown in Figures 8 and 9, the inner peri-
pheries and flat faces of these disks when yielding play into closed cavities or
chambers, in which the confined air offers an elastic resistance, thereby greatly
increasing the power and efficiency of the spring. The edges of the elastic disks

page_text: are protected from fracture by the flanges of the metallic portions of the springs,
while the lateral expansion of the outer periphery of the elastic disks distributes
the compressing force evenly, and affords perfect uniformity in the working of
the compound spring.
In Figure 10 is seen a cross section of a coil of india-rubber, and another
of metal intertwined, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, when the spring is sub-
jected to pressure. The number of longitudinal grooves or channels in the
bars, from which the spiral springs are constructed may be varied, as well as
their shape, without departing from the nature of my Invention, but it is a
desideratum in forming these bars to obtain the greatest degree of strength
from a given weight of metal. The portion of a corrugated bar shown in
Figure 12, a cross section of which is shown in Figure 11, is a modification
of the form shown in Figures 3 and 10.
Having now fully described my improvements and shown how the same
may be conveniently and advantageously carried into effect, I wish it under-
stood that I do not confine myself to the exact details set forth, nor do I limit
myself to the use of india-rubber in combination with metal, as gutta percha
or other equivalently yielding material may be employed, but what I claim as
my Invention, is,―
First, the helical or spiral springs constructed of longitudinally grooved or
channeled metal bars, substantially as herein set forth.
Second, the use of india-rubber, or its equivalent, in combination with spiral
or helical springs, substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein set
forth and illustrated by Figures 2, 3, and 10 of the Drawings annexed.
Third, the combination and arrangement of disks or sections of vulcanized
india-rubber or other elastic gum with concavo-convex metallic springs, sub-
stantially in the manner and for the purpose herein set forth.
Fourth, the combination of disks or sections of vulcanized india-rubber or
other elastically yielding substance with interposed metallic sections or bearings
in the formation of a compound spring, when said metallic sections are so
shaped as to produce in connection with the elastic disks, receptacles, or
chambers for confined air, substantially as herein set forth.
Fifth, the employment in a spring of the elastic properties of confined air
and of india-rubber by the use of metallic bearings, substantially as herein set
forth.
Sixth, in the formation of a compound spring, I claim arranging the elastic
disks in such a manner that their surfaces may yield freely in all directions,
while their angles are confined and protected from fracture by means of flanged

page_text: rojections upon the metallic portion of said spring, substantially as herein set
orth.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Haseltine, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.