IM- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND FOR GRINDING CARDS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Halliwell, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the
County of Lancaster, Mechanic, and William Johnson, of Farn-
worth, in the same County, Manager, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND
OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND FOR GRINDING CARDS."
Sealed the 2nd December 1853, and dated the 1st October 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Halliwell
and William Johnson at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 1st October 1853.
We, ROBERT HALLIWELL, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of
Lancaster, Mechanic, and WILLIAM JOHNSON, of Farnworth, in the
same County, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING
COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND FOR GRINDING CARDS," to be
as follows:-
Our improvements consist in a new combination of machinery for
stopping and reversing the direction of motion of the spindles of mules
and other machines of the like nature for effecting the backing off; and

page_text: for winding the yarn on the spindles during the running in of the
carriage. Figure 1, is an end view of a hand mule headstock with
our improvements applied; Figures 2, and 3, are views of parts of the
same; A, is the break pulley loose on the shaft D, carrying the bevel
wheel E; B, is another pulley also loose on the shaft D, attached to
which is the bevel wheel F; P, is a bevel wheel fast on the shaft D;
G, the break connected to the shaft H, and acted upon by the tappet
K; I, is a catch for holding the break in contact with the pulley A;
J, a tappet acted upon by a finger on the twist shaft or other part of
the mule. The main driving strap works on the fast pulley M, during
the formation of the stretch, and immediately after the strap is raised
to the loose pulley N, a finger on the twist shaft (or some other part of
the mule) comes in contact with the tappet J, and presses the break
on to the pulley A, which retards its motion; the strap O, still continu-
ing to give motion to the pulley B. reverses the motion through
the bevel wheels F, E, P. During the backing off the break is
latched fast by the catch I, and disconnected at the completion of a
stretch by the rod L, attached to the knee board apparatus common to
hand mules; at the same time the strap O, is moved on the pulley C,
and commences driving the spindles the right way for winding the yarn
on. The above machinery may be applied as assisting inotions to hand
mules or as positive motions to self-acting mules. Our improvements
also relate to grinding the cards with which the rollers of carding
engines are clothed; in the grinding machines now known and in use
only one emery roller is employed, consequently there is only one point
of contact acting on the points of the cards to be ground. Now our
improvements consist in the use of two emery rollers placed a little
distance apart, and in applying the roller to be ground in such wise
that both the emery rollers shall act on the points of the teeth of the
cards with which the said roller is clothed. By this means only half
the time is required for grinding a card roller, and the card teeth are
better pointed than heretofore. When two emery rollers are used less
care is required on the part of the attendant, and the rollers to be
ground are kept of equal diameter throughout the whole length.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Halliwell and William Johnson in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st April 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we,
5 ROBERT HALLIWELL, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanic, and WILLIAM JOHNSON, of Farnworth, in the same County,
Manager, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by. Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the seven-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Robert Halliwell and William Johnson,
Her special licence that we, the said Robert Halliwell and William
Johnson, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as we, the said Robert Halliwell and William Johnson, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUB-
STANCES, AND FOR GRINDING CARDS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said Robert Halliwell and William Johnson, by an
instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand
and seal of either of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Robert Halliwell and William
Johnson, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to say):
Our Invention consists, first, in certain improved combinations of

page_text: inachinery, particularly applicable to the machines for spinning called
hand mules," for effecting the backing off or unwinding the yarn from
the bare part of the spindles, and for winding the yarn on to the
spindles to form the cops, the said improved combinations of machinery
being in part applicable to self-acting mules, and to machines for
doubling. Secondly, our Invention consists in an improved combina-
tion of machinery for grinding the rollers of carding engines, or other
rollers that are covered with card teeth. And in order that our Inven-
tion may be fully understood, and readily carried into effect, we will
proceed to describe the annexed Drawings, reference being had to the
figures and letters marked thereon.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1, is a side elevation of the frame of a hand mule headstock
to which part of our improvements is applied; Figure 2, is a plan, and
Figure 3, an end elevation of the same; a, is the frame side; b, the
drawing rollers; c, the carriage; d, the spindles; e, the rim shaft; e', the
rim; e, the rim band which is carried over the guide pulleys f, and rim
band pulley f', in the usual manner. To the shaft c, is keyed a bevel
pinion y, seen best in the detached view, Figure 4; this pinion gears into
the pinion g', supported on a stud in the break pulley g, which is loose
on the shaft e; the pinion gl gears into another pinion g', which is cast
to or otherwise fixed to the loose pulley ; and g' is the winding on
pulley fast on the shaft e; h, is a friction clip, passing over the pulley
g; one end of this clip is made fast to the bracket a', fixed to the frame
side, and to the other end is attached a screw passing through the
lever h¹, fast to the shaft i; is a weighted lever also fast to the shaft i;
and is a prolongation of the lever . To the shaft i, is also fixed
the catch ³, seen best in Figure 2. The strap j, which passes through
the strap guide, is driven by a pulley on the counter or driving shaft;
the guide is supported by the upright, fixed below to the rod j
which passes through holes in the frames a; to the rod is fixed the
elbow piece j', seen best in Figure 2. The strap j, is held on the
loose pulley by the spring ", which acts against a set washer fixed
to the rod, thereby holding the end of the elbow piece against the

page_text: projection of the bent bar k, one end of which is jointed to the
lever 1, fixed on the shaft ; to this shaft is also fixed the bent lever 1,
which is acted upon, as will be explained hereafter, by a stud in the
upright m, and by the lever m', which are common to mules of this
description. Upon the cam shaft n, seen best in Figures 2, and 3, is
fixed a washer 2, from which projects a pin acting on the tumbler
catch ; and o, is a weighted latch hinged to the framing, the lower
arm of which serves to hold the catch, and the horizontal arm is
acted upon by the tumbler catch 2. The mode of operation is as fol-
lows; the various pieces are shewn in the positions they assume when
the carriage is going out:-When the carriage arrives at the end of
its stretch, and the operation of twisting is completed, the tumbler
catch n, having been brought round in the direction of the arrow in
Figure 3, by the pin projecting from the washer '; acts on and pushes
back the horizontal arm of the weighted latch o, thereby liberating the
catch on the shaft ; the weighted lever then drops, and brings
the friction clip h, in contact with the break pulley g²; by this means
the break pulley, which had previously been revolving in the direction
of the arrow in Figure 1, is first checked and then stopped, and the
pinion acts as a barrier between the pinion g³, which is still revolving
with the loose pulley g', and the pinion g, which is fast on the rim
shaft e; by this means the direction of motion of the rim shaft is
reversed, and the backing off is effected. As soon as the backing off
is completed the spinner, by acting on the knee board c', shewn in
Figure 1, causes the piece c², which is then under the lever m', to
raise the said lever, and with it the upright m, the stud in which then
elevates the bent lever, thereby pushing the rod k, in the direction
of the arrow in Figure 1; this action brings the pin against the
prolongation of the weighted lever ', and causes the catch to drop
sufficiently to allow the weighted latch o, again to hold down the
catch; at the same time the projection on the bar k, liberates
the end of the elbow piece it, thereby allowing the spring je to push
the rod, and strap guide j', in the direction of the full arrow in
Figure 2, until the strap j, comes on the winding-on pulley g; by this
means the requisite motion is given to the spindles for winding on the

page_text: yarn during the running in of the carriage. As soon as the carriage
begins to go in, the upright m, and lever m³, drop again into thei
formér positions; and when the carriage is home, or near the drawing
rollers, the gearing rod marked p, in Figure 2, is moved in the direction
of the arrow, thereby bringing the incline p' against a stud or bow
projecting from the rod j³, and causing the said rod to move in the
direction of the dotted arrow until the point of the elbow piece is
beyond the reach of the projection k¹, at which time the strap j, is on
the loose pulley g'; the weight 12 projecting from the shaft ¹ then
drops, and the lever 1, draws back the bar k, thereby bringing the
various pieces into the proper positions for performing the requisite
operations at the end of the succeeding stretch. The set screw j
passing through the elbow piece j* can be set so as to project more or
less, thereby enabling the spinner to regulate the motion of the strap
guide j', so as to bring the strap j, more or less on to the winding on
pulley g³.
On Sheet 2, Figure 5, represents the side view of a hand mule
headstock to which a modification of our improved backing off and
winding on motions is applied. Figure 6, is a plan, and Figure 7, an
end view of the same. Many of the pieces in these views being the
same as in the machinery before described are marked with corre-
sponding letters of reference. Upon the rim shaft e, is fitted the groove
pulley ; this pulley is made so as to slide on the shaft e; to the groove
pulley g, is cast or fixed the friction pulley q', which is slightly conical,
and fits the friction box 72, the outer circumference of which forms the
winding on pulley, which is fast on the shaft e, and driven when
required by the strap j. q 3, is the loose pulley. To the groove pulley 2,
is cast a boss with a circular groove in it, which fits a swivel stud
passing through the lever r, fixed on an upright shaft, supported in
bearings attached to the frame a; to the lower extremity of the shaft. 1*1
is keyed a lever, which passes through a slot in the outer frame a, as
seen best in Figure 7.. s, is a retaining latch against which the lever 1.2
is held by the spring 3; this latch is supported by the fulcrum stud s';
t, is an elbow lever, one arm of which is furnished with the weight t',
and the other arm is connected by a stud to the bark. To the

page_text: groove pulley 9. is attached one end of a cord, strap, or chain u;
this cord, strap, or chain is carried once round the guide pulley u³,
and to it is hung the weight 2, which slides up and down on the
bar u. To the guide pulley u¹ is cast the ratchet wheel 4, furnished
with a retaining pall us, the object of which will be explained, hereafter.
The mode of operation is as follows:-When the carriage is out, and
the spinning or twisting is completed, the finger u² on the
cam shaft n.
elevates the longer end of the latch,s, thereby depressing the shorter
end, and liberating the end of the lever ², which is then drawn-in the
direction of the arrow in Figure 6; this action brings the. friction
pulley q¹ into contact with the friction box 72, which is fast on the
shaft e; the rim band e² at this time is moving in the direction of the
arrow in Figure. 5, being impelled by the momentum of the various.
parts required for driving the spindles, and communicates motion to the
groove pulley g, but this motion is absorbed in raising the weight u²,
and by the friction of the cord, strap, or chain u, round the pulley u',
which is prevented revolving by the catch u. When the weight u²
has been raised to the upper end of the bar u³, the motion of the
rim band.e² is checked, and the weight u³, which is then at liberty,
descends by its own gravity; in so doing the cord u, gives motion to the
groove pulley q, in the direction of the arrow placed upon it in Figure 5,
thereby reversing the direction of motion of the shaft e, and rim e¹,
and effecting the backing off. During the descent of the weight u
the guide pulley is carried round by the cord u, and in order to
avoid the noise and shock of the weight striking against the floor or
upper bracket of the bar u³, a washer of vulcanized india-rubber or
other yielding material is placed at each end of the bar 3. The.
pulley q, is also furnished with a projection shewn by dots in Figure 5,
which, when the weight ² is down, is drawn against a stud projecting.
from the frame side. After the backing off is accomplished. the
spinner, by acting on the knee board c¹, raises the lever m¹, thereby
bringing the stud in the upright m against and raising the weight t¹;.
by this means the elbow lever t, draws the bar k, in the direction of
the dotted arrow. in Figure 5, and the projection ³ brings the lever
back to its former position, where it is again held by the latch s; at

page_text: the same time the projection ¹ liberates the piece j' projecting
from the rod j", which is then influenced by the spring, and moves
the strap j, from the loose pulley q³ to the winding on pulley ; the
strap j, then gives the requisite motion to the rim shaft e, for winding
the yarn on the spindles during the running in of the carriage. As
soon as the carriage is in the incline p¹, on the gearing rod p,
pushes back the rod j³, and the weight t' then pushes forward
the rod, so as to bring the projection in a line with the
piece j', thereby replacing the various pieces in the proper positions
for being again acted upon at the end of the next sketch. In Figures
8, and 9, we have shewn another combination of parts for effecting the
same objects, namely, the backing off and winding on motions. In
these views the friction pulley q' is fast to the spur wheel v, and to
the loose pulloy q³ is fixed a spur pinion w; this pinion gears into a
similar pinion a, fixed on a shaft, to which is also affixed a pinion a¹,
gearing into a carrier pinion a³, working in the wheel v. When the
backing off motion is required to be brought into operation the finger n
on the cam shaft n, liberates the lever, as before described in
reference to Figures 5, 6, and 7; the friction pulley is thus brought
in contact with the friction box q, and the strap j, which is now on
the loose pulley q³, gives motion to the pinion w, which motion is
communicated by the pinions a, ¹, and a, to the wheel v, thereby
reversing the direction of motion of the rim band e. The winding on
is effected and the pieces brought back to their original positions in the
same manner as in the foregoing Figures 5, 6, and 7.
We will now proceed to describe our improvements in machinery for
grinding card teeth. On Sheet 3, Figure 10, is an end elevation, and
Figure 11, a front view of our improved grinding machine. A, A, are
the frame sides supporting the two emery rollers B, and C; the lower
one B, is furnished with stationary bearings, and when once set remains
fixed, but the upper roller C, is supported in bearings, which can be
moved up or down in the slots D, of the frame, each bearing being pro-
vided with a regulating screw E. The rollers covered with cards which
are to be ground are supported in bearings F; these bearings fit on
sliding blocks G, through which pass the screws H. The bearings F

page_text: are capable of being moved nearer together so as to accommodate
themselves to the length of the necks of the rollers to be ground, by
the T headed bolts F¹ fitting in recesses in the upper part of the
blocks. G. At the end of each screw H, is a bevel pinion H', gearing
into similar pinions on the cross shafts I, which are supported by the
frames A, and are turned round when required by the fly wheels I. The
requisite motions are given to the grinding machine by the shaft K,
near one end of which are placed the fast and loose pulleys K¹, and K³.
The einery rollers B, and C, are driven by two straps passing under the
pulley M, and then over the pulleys B and C. Upon the shaft K,
are also fixed the pulleys O and P, each of which drives one of the
rollers to be ground, as shewn by dotted lines in Figure 10. To the
end of the shaft K, is fixed a worm Q, driving the wheel R, in which is
a stud fitting in a slot in the lever S; this lever vibrates on a fulcrum S¹,
and it is furnished with two swivel studs taking into circular grooves at
the ends of the shafts of the emery rollers B, and C; by this means the
said rollers are made to move laterally while they are revolving. The
mode of operating is as follows:-When first a roller is put into the
machine to be ground the upper emery roller c, is raised by the regulating
screws E; the attendant, by turning one of the fly wheels I', then
causes the roller to be ground to approach the bottom emery roller B,
and as soon as the peripheries of the two touch each other the upper
emery roller C, is lowered until its periphery also touches the card
teeth of the roller to be ground; the driving strap is then brought on
to the fast pulley K', and the various parts are thereby set in motion;
the attendant, by gradually turning the fly wheel 1', causes the roller to
be ground to approach the emery rollers, both of which continue to act
on the card teeth until they are sufficiently ground, and as the
bearings F, are connected by the screws and wheels before mentioned,
it is evident that the circumference of the card roller when ground will
be true. Another advantage resulting from this arrangement is, that the
points of the card teeth are ground to the best shape for working.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, we wish it to be understood that we do not
limit ourselves to the details herein set forth, as the same may be

page_text: varied without departing from the peculiar character of our Invention;
but what we claim is-First, the improved combination of machinery for
effecting the backing off and winding on motions of hand mules and other
machines of the like nature by means of the bevel wheels g, g, and g³,
and parts acting in combination therewith, as shewn in Figures 1, 2, 3,
and 4. Secondly, we claim the improved combination of machinery for
effecting the same notions by means of the weighted cord, strap, or chain.
marked u, and parts in combination therewith described in reference to
Figures 5, 6, and 7. Thirdly, we claim the improved combination of
machinery for effecting the same motions by means of the spur wheels
and pinions w, x, x1, x2, and v, and parts in combination therewith, and
shewn in Figures 8, and 9. And, lastly, the application of two rollers.
covered with emery acting simultaneously on the card teeth of one or
two rollers, as shewn and described in reference to Figures 10, and 11..
In witness whereof, we, the said Robert Halliwell and William
Johnson, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Thirty-
first day of March, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
ROBERT HALLIWELL. (L.S.)
W JOHNSON.
(L.S.)
ROBERT HALLIWELL. (L.S.)
W* JOHNSON.
(L.S.)