matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN CAPSTANS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jasper Wetter at
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th September 1881.
from abroad by Christen Arentsen, of Arendal, Norway.
the Office of the
A communication
JASPER WETTER, of New Wandsworth, Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CAPSTANS."
A communication from abroad by Christen Arentsen, of Arendal, Norway.
The improvements relate to capstans for ships, and their object is to render the
working of the capstan so easy as to allow of one man being able to operate it.
This improved construction differs from the capstans now in general use chiefly by
the driving mechanism being encased in a cylinder or other casing, and the main
driving-axle of the capstan vertical. The capstan which constitutes the object of
this Invention is composed of three principal parts, one of these being a fixed base
plate serving to support the whole apparatus. On this base plate, and in one piece
with the same, there is a ring provided at its upper edge with teeth, while in the
centre a vertical axle is fixed.
Around the toothed ring a number of pulleys are sunk into the base-plate, and
serve for supporting the second main part, which consists of a hollow cylinder or
casing containing the driving mechanism. The above-mentioned fixed axle is in
the axis of the cylinder and surrounded at its upper portion by a hollow axle
which is rigidly secured to the third or upper main part.
On the cylindrical axle is mounted a tooth-wheel which gears into another tooth
wheel, the horizontal axle of which has its bearing on one side in the cylindrical
casing, and on the other on a partition; on this latter axle there is a second tooth
wheel, movable sideways by means of a fork, and gearing into the fixed toothed
ring of the base plate.
When the capstan is to be worked, the upper part obtains a rotary motion from
a shaft or three-armed bar, thereby revolving the hollow axle and the system of
tooth wheels connected therewith. One of these tooth-wheels gearing into the
toothed ring of the base plate gives a rotary motion to the whole cylinder or
second main-part of the apparatus, which is facilitated by the pulleys in the
bottom part.
In order to prevent the capstan from moving backward, a number of small pales
and bolts are applied to the bottom of the cylinder, said bolts sliding in a circular

page_text: groove in the circumference of the toothed ring, while the pales project into short
grooves of the baseplate.
Instead of the tooth wheel on the vertical axle an endless screw may be used.
The bottom pulleys can be removed when necessary.
The capstan as above described can also be used like common capstans. For
this purpose there is the above mentioned fork for setting the sliding tooth wheel
out of gear.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS OR APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE SPEED OF STEAM OR OTHER MOTIVE POWER ENGINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Sutcliffe and Jaines
Sutcliffe at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th March
1881.
"
WILLIAM HENRY SUTCLIFFE and JAMES SUTCLIFFE, both of Todmorden, in the
County of York, Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS OR APPARATUS
FOR REGULATING THE SPEED OF STEAM OR OTHER MOTIVE POWER ENGINES."
In performing our Invention we make use of two small reservoirs partly filled
with mercury or other substance, connected together at the bottom by a horizontal
tube; midway between the reservoirs there is a fulcrum or bearing on which the
tube carrying the reservoirs rests and is free to rock.
In applying our Invention to an engine in which a throttle valve is used, we
connect the tube by a link placed at one side of the fulcrum to one of the levers
between the governor and the throttle valve.
In regulating the speed of a steam engine we adjust the reservoirs so that they
stand nearly level when the engine is running at the desired speed, and when the
lever is lowered by the governor it depresses the reservoir nearer the link connecting
the lever and tube, and the mercury running to the lower reservoir increases and
accelerates the action of the governor. When the governor raises the lever the
action is reversed.
Engines, owing to the load being altered, are liable to run at a quicker or slower
speed, and to remedy this we add the mercurial reservoirs in such a manner that the
governor is made more sensitive and to act quicker.
This apparatus is applicable to all governors whether a throttle valve is used or
not, the mercury reservoirs being so connected to the governor that by the
alteration in their level the addditional weight of mercury in one or other of the
reservoirs assists and hastens the action of the governor.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ANNEALING IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Ramsden at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th April 1881.
WILLIAM RAMSDEN, of Tingley, near Wakefield, in the County of York,
Chemist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ANNEALING IRON AND STEEL."
The object of this Invention is to anneal or soften cast iron, and for this purpose
I place the articles in an iron retort along with a mixture of red ore and oxide of
manganese or nitrate of potash or other material which gives off oxygen gas at a
low temperature.
The retort is then closed, having a small aperture to carry off the carbonic oxide
formed, as hereinafter explained.
The retort is heated by a fire placed underneath, and kept at a low red heat for
several hours. The heat loosens or disengages the carbon in the iron, and this
carbon combines with the oxygen given off by the manganese or other material,
so as to form carbonic oxide, which is carried off through the opening in the
retort.
This process is also applicable to steel castings.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FOOT BALLS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Eton Bussey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st February 1881.
WILLIAM ETON BUSSEY, of the Firm of George G. Bussey & Co., Museum
Works, Rye Lane, Peckham, in the County of Surrey, Manufacturers. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FOOT BALLS."
This Invention relates to an improvement in the construction of the cases of
foot balls, whereby the following advantages are gained:-The foot balls can be
made waterproof, are lighter, do not retain moisture or get out of shape, are
cheaper and as durable as leather, besides which the player can get a firmer grip
of the ball. These cases are made of canvas, duck, drill, or any other textile
fabric, waterproof or otherwise, by preference of canvas and duck, and are made
the same as the cases of ordinary foot balls, with the exception that the sides of
the aperture are bound with leather, through which eyelets are inserted for the
lacing up of the foot ball.
IMPLEMENT FOR CLEANSING FLOORS AND OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Saunders at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd September 1881.
WILLIAM SAUNDERS, of Stepney, in the County of Middlesex.
IMPLEMENT FOR CLEANSING FLOORS AND OTHER SURFACES."
"AN IMPROVED
This Invention refers to an improved implement for cleansing floors and other
surfaces.
To a block of wood or other suitablo material, preferably of a triangular like
form, I attach on one of the inclined sides in a slanting direction a handle similar to
a broom handle, on the opposite sides 1 pivot arms or supports to carry a roller of
india rubber or other suitable material for the purpose of acting as a "squeegee."
These arins stand sufficiently forward from the incline side of the block to allow
free action to the roller. The arms are retained in the necessary position to keep
the roller off the side of the block by means of suitable springs.
On the side of the block intended to come nearest the surface to be cleaned I
The action is as
attach an ordinary cleaning brush by any suitable means.
follows:-
The surface to be cleaned is first scrubbed by the brush, and when it is desired
to clean away the water the brush is turned upwards, which brings the squeegee
down on the surface being cleaned, and upon pushing the block forward the
movable arms will cause the roller to come against the side of the block which will
prevent its turning round and act as a squeegee, but when drawn back the roller
rolls freely so that it may bring no water with it.
In place of the circular squeegee as aforesaid, a fixed piece of india rubber or
other suitable material may be attached to the block.
To assist the cleaning operation I propose to convey water under the brush by a
flexible tube attached to the block having an exit under the brush. This tube may
run down the handle and have a cock at top, and be connected to a water main.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR REMOVING BURRS AND SPILES FROM WOOL
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Moore at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd May 1881.
FREDERICK MOORE, of Trowbridge, in the County of Wilts, Wool Dyer.
"IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR REMOVING BURRS AND SPILES FROM WOOL."
The object of this Invention is to produce a machine which will not only
remove burrs from the scoured wool, but also other extraneous matters which are
technically known as "spiles," whereby the necessity for employing a chemical
process for that purpose is avoided.
The machine consists of a stationary cylindrical casing suitably supported, and
enclosing a rotating cylinder or drum, which is provided with a series of spikes or
fingers. The lower part of the casing is made of open-mesh wire cloth, or in any
other manner which will allow the burrs or "spiles" to pass through. The upper
portion of the casing has a number of longitudinal openings, in which are placed a
corresponding number of brushes. Below the case is placed a comb, the teeth of
which project through the perforated bottom. This comb is adjustable, and
receives a rising and falling motion from a crank.
The wool to be treated fed into the casing through a lateral opening by means
of feed rollers, and the drum is caused to rotate at considerable speed. This
rotation of the drum with its fingers has a double effect, viz., it sets up a centrifugal
action which throws the wool outwards against the casing, and it also drags it
round through the comb and past the brushes, which opens the wool without
breaking it, and loosens the burrs and "spiles" which fall through the perforated
bottom of the casing into a suitable receiver. The casing is provided with a door,
whereby the cleaned wool may be withdrawn.
The rising and falling motion communicated to the comb is given for the purpose
of clearing the comb and preventing the collection of wool behind it.
The brushes are also made adjustable, so that their position may be varied
according to the qualities of wool under treatment, or as they become worn.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF MAKING SHEAR STEEL AND IN FURNACES TO BE USED FOR THE PURPOSE WHICH FURNACES ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Eadon and Charles Yeomans
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd December
1881.
HENRY EADON and CHARLES YEOMANS both of Shoffield in the County of
York Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF MAKING SHEAR
STEEL AND IN FURNACES TO BE USED FOR THE PURPOSE WHICH FURNACES ARE
ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
Our Invention relates to the making of "shear steel" and more particularly to a
furnace to be used in the making of shear steel, the objects of our Invention being
economy in the cost of production of shear steel, greater certainty in the temper
soundness and durability of the steel so produced, and more comfort to the work-
man employed in its manufacture.
We will first describe the old method of producing shear steel in order that our
improvements may be readily understood. The bars of blister steel being broken
to suitable lengths are heated in what is known as a hollow fire, and are then
drawn down, or reduced in thickness by a tilt or other hammer, which process is
called in the trade "plating."
A number of these plates are secured in what is technically known as a shear
box (being a box lever) and are again placed in the hollow fire, brought up to a
welding heat, again taken to the hammer and welded into a faggot of shear.
Now according to our Invention we construct a furnace having two or more
chambers partially separated by bridges, so that the flame and heat from the
furnace fire may pass over the bridge or bridges from one chamber to another
and finally through flues which pass under the furnace to the chimney stack.
The blast pipe enters the furnace in the rear and is there divided, one branch
passing down the interior of each of the above named flues, and after passing
through the brickwork they open into the furnace fire, by preference on opposite
sides; by this arrangement the air in the blast pipes becomes highly heated and
considerably increases the intensity of the furnace fire. We do not however bind
ourselves to the exact details of the arrangement of the blast pipe and flues as the
same may evidently be varied.

page_text: The lengths of blister steel are first placed in the furnace chamber farthest from
the fire, and when gradually and sufficiently heated a desired number are piled
together and placed in the second chamber, or the one nearest to the fire until they
are at the proper heat to be placed under the hammer and welded or
together.
sheared
"
This faggotted and welded bar is afterwards again welded and drawn out to the
finished sizes.
We thus dispense altogether with the process of "plating."
Furnaces constructed on the plan as hereinbefore described will be suitable for
welding and other purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OF WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS SO AS TO PREVENT WASTE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Hermann von Ullner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd June 1881.
CARL HERMANN VON ULLNER, of Euston Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OF
WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS SO AS TO PREVENT WASTE."
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for regulating the
flow of water and other liquids so as to prevent waste, and is more particularly
applicable to cisterns fixed in water closets and elsewhere in order to prevent the
waste of water, and to allow only a specified quantity to flow from the cistern at
the same time that it shuts off the supply to the cistern during such outflow. I
also by my improved apparatus dispense with the various valve arrangements at
present in use, while every part of the apparatus acts independently, thus not only
obviating its getting out of order and becoming useless, but avoiding the expense
and inconvenience of frequent repairs.
My improved arrangement of apparatus is as follows:-I place in a cistern or
other receptacle a tube of suitable diameter, bent somewhat in the form of a
horseshoe, which acts as a syhon. Both ends of this tube or syphon are open, ono
being bent outwards, and passing through the bottom of tho cistern, while the
other rests thereon. Fastened to such bottom by hing is or otherwise is a scoop
shaped box, so placed that its open side is facing the before mentioned_tube or
syphon. Such box is raised or lowered by means of a suitable lever. Thus, for
instance, when it is required to flush the pan of a closet the cistern whereof is
fitted with my improved apparatus, the box is raised by pulling a cord or chain
attached to such lever, and the water or other liquid contents of the cistern are
thrown against the syphon, and flushing up through the inner end resting on the
bottom of the cistern as already described pass out at its outer end, thus cleansing
the closet. Moreover so long as the box is kept raised the supply to the cistern is
cut off, the box being so adjusted that when raised it comes in contact with and
raises the ball tap, thus shutting off any further supply of water or liquid to the
cistern so long as the outflow through the outer end of the syphon continues.
When however such box is lowered, the ball tap falls therewith and the cistern is
ngain filled with water or liquid, the quantity of such intake being regulated by
the ball tap which is adjusted according to the quantity required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF EXTRACTING PHOSPHATE OF LIME FROM GREY CHALK OR PHOSPHATE OF CHALK
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Cominissioners of Patents on the 12th August 1881. A communication
from abroad by C. Meurice, of Marcinelle, Belgium.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PROCESS OF EXTRACTING PHOSPHATE OF LIME FROM GREY CHALK OR PHOSPHATE
OF CHALK." A communication from abroad by C. Meurice, of Marcinelle,
Belgium.
This Invention consists in an improved process for extracting phosphate of lime
from grey chalk, and in assorting it according to its content of phosphate of lime.
The grey chalk above referred to is mostly an agglomerate more or less intimate of
tri-basic phosphate of lime and carbonate of lime.
When by means of calcination the carbonic acid of the carbonate of lime is
eliminated, a further proceeding allows of separating the phosphate of lime from
the strongest part of the carbonate of lime to which it had been bound. This
proceeding does not give a pure product, but amongst the phosphate-crystals a
considerable proportion of lime is left, which is however not chemically bound to
the phosphate. For obtaining a richer product, I first do away with the greatest
part of the lime mixed to it, and for this purpose I disintegrate by means of
grinding stones or mills. Then for separating the essential parts of the fine
powder, being phosphate of lime and lime, and for assorting them I use a current
of air, which classes them according to their density.
My apparatus therefor consists of a wind-producer or aspirator, of a distributor
for the ground material, also of a number of compartments or receptacles of
variable shape and number in which the product is deposed according to its
densities, and finally of an outlet for the aspirated air.
As the phosphate of lime is a great deal denser than lime, that former product
will fall first, according to the degree it is freed from chalk; the product that is
less pure falls then, and so on to the pure lime, where no phosphate is left.
The construction, size, and shape of my apparatus may be altered at pleasure,
and the lime may be more completely precipitated by a shower of water.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR DRESSING FLOUR AND CLEANING GRAIN, PART OF WHICH MACHINERY IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert Maynard Lucas at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th June 1881.
HERBERT MAYNARD LUCAS, of Aldenham Mill, near Bridgenorth, in the County
of Salop.
"IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR DRESSING FLOUR AND CLEANING GRAIN,
PART OF WHICH MACHINERY IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES."
My Invention relates to improved machinery for dressing flour and cleaning
grain which is more simple in its construction and parts than machinery used for
the same purpose hitherto. and it is very effective in working and does the work
cheaply. The endless band brush hercafter to be described will be applicable and
useful for other purposes.
I use a horizontal or diagonal sieve in combination with an endless band brush.
The rollers over which the endless band brush works are so fixed and regulated as
to be easily set up against the sieve to work with any desired pressure. The wheat
meal is fed on to one end of the sieve through a suitable hopper, and it is then
carried across the sieve which is placed over a hopper to receive the flour, and the
bran is carried over the other end of the sieve.
My endless band brushes may be made in various ways and from various
materials, sucb, for instance, as india rubber, with bristles, sea weed, split cane, or
other rough face, or the back may be made from leather or coarse canvas in layers
cemented together; or the band brush may be made in short sections and sewed,
riveted, or otherwise fastened to a flexible back.
These brushes would be applicable to other useful purposes.
MENTS IN FANCY WOOLLEN LOOMS AND IN APPARATUS WITH."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Tetley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th February 1881.
WALTER TETLEY, of Bradford, in the County of York, Overlooker.
MENTS IN FANCY WOOLLEN LOOMS AND IN APPARATUS
WITH."
This Invention relates,-
" IMPROVE-
CONNECTED THERE-
Firstly. To an arrangement of apparatus by means of which the peg cylinder
may be turned round in either direction. Upon the end of the peg cylinder I fix a
peg wheel, and to communicate intermittent motion to this wheel I employ a
double catch lever, the catches of which are so far apart that when the lever is in
the middle position it can reciprocate without coming in contact with the pegs. By
moving the lever sideways it can be made to engage with the pegs on either side
of the wheel and so turn the latter in the desired direction. In order to ensure
accuracy I employ a lever and quadrant assisted by spiral springs for changing the
position of the catch lever.
Secondly. My Invention consists in the use of draw bars formed in two parts
connected together by a socket joint or hinge. The two parts are held together
laterally by means of a grating or series of plates placed sufficiently close to each
other to allow the bars to move freely between them and yet prevent the pieces
from separating. To operate such draw bars four presser bars are requisite, one
of which is fixed to hinged rods so as to be capable of passing over the raised ends
of the draw bars until past the notches therein, when it is pressed down on to them
by a flat spring.
Thirdly. My improvements consist in placing a series of bowls mounted upon a
flat rod between the peg-lags and the draw bars; these bowls have a vertical slot
longer than the depth of the rod upon which they are carried, so that they can be
raised by the pegs and act upon the draw bars, instead of the latter being acted
upon directly by the pegs as heretofore.
Fourthly. I employ a notched lever hinged to the frame end for steadying the
tappet lever or preventing vibration thereof after each change of shuttle box. The
notched lever is disengaged by a part of the jacquard apparatus (the presser lever)
with which it is connected by chain or cord.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS
Year: 1881

page_text: (Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL. SPECIFICATION left by the said Eustace Rupert Prentice at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st November 1881.
EUSTACE RUPERT PRENTICE, of Stowmarket, in the County of Suffolk.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS."
My Invention relates to the construction of an electric lamp, in which the
regulation and feed of the carbons are effected by means of fluid pressure governed
by the electric current of the lamp itself. I suspend the upper carbon from a
piston working in a cylinder charged with liquid, such as oil or glycerine solution.
To one end of this cylinder I connect by a pipe or passage another cylinder, in
which works a plunger that is connected to the armature of an electro magnet or
to the core of a solenoid having its coil in the lamp circuit. This second cylinder
has, besides its communication with one end of the first cylinder, a port through
its side communicating with the other end of the first cylinder, this port being 80
situated that the plunger in its working strokes can cover or uncover it. The action
of the lamp is as follows:-Before the lamp is put in circuit, the armature or
solenoid core, being subject to no attraction, is moved by a weight or spring so
as to make the plunger uncover the port, thus putting the two ends of the first
cylinder in communication, and permitting the upper carbon to descend and rest
upon the lower carbon. When the lamp is put in circuit, the electric current
passing through the carbons and also through the coil of the electro magnet or
solenoid, the armature or core is attracted, the plunger connected to it is moved
past the port and produces such pressure in the first cylinder as causes its piston
and the carbon attached to it to rise. The arc being thus established between the
carbons, their distance is regulated by the movements of the plunger communicated

page_text: through the liquid to the piston carrying the carbon. For example, when the
distance between the carbons becomes too great, the attraction of the armature or
core being diminished, the plunger attached to it moves, causing such a change of
pressure in the first cylinder as to permit the upper carbon to descend towards
the lower, and should the plunger move so far as to uncover the port, the liquid
being then free to pass from one end to the other of the first cylinder will permit
sufficient approach of the carbons to maintain the light. Although I have described
the upper carbon as being moved, the lamp by suitable inversion of the parts
might have its lower carbon moved, or by duplication both carbons miglit be
moved as described, these being placed either vertically or horizontally. For the
plunger above described a flexible diaphragm might be substituted having its
stem arranged to govern the port.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENERS FOR SCARFS, NECK-TIES, BOWS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES OF DRESS USUALLY ATTACHED TO OR CAPABLE OF BEING FASTENED BY A SINGLE BUTTON OR STUD."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Edwards at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th March 1881.
CHARLES EDWARDS, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN FASTENERS FOR SCARFS, NECK-TIES, BOWS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES OF
DRESS USUALLY ATTACHED TO OR CAPABLE OF BEING FASTENED BY A SINGLE
BUTTON OR STUD."
This Invention consists chiefly in so twisting or shaping an elastic wire or
equivalent material, that while it has wings that can be sewn on the scarf and
remain immovable in regard to each other, the continuation of the wire at each end
is looped round and forins two parts pressing or naturally standing close to each
other, but which can be pushed to one side to allow the stud to pass through
between them when their resilience causes them to close and hold the stud.
Of course there are almost innumerable ways in which this can be done. The
best plan 1 at present know is to form two loops of any convenient shape close
together and connected by a straight wire. The loose ends of these loops as they
cross the straight wire are again curved away from each other, looped again
without crossing upon the other wire and brought round so that near the ends of
the wire they are again close together and parallel, the ends being curved in so as
not to touch the shank of the button or stud; these second loops are so shaped as
to be easily caught by the fingers and pressed asido.
In attaching, the first loops are permanently sewn to the tie, and when adjusted
the second loops pressed apart, the button shank slid past their closest point, when
they are let free and hold the button as in a trap.
Many other forms can be employed, all however having this one point in
common, that projecting from a portion sewed to the tie or stock are two springs
or springy wires approaching close to each other at some little distance from the
stationary fixed parts, said springs or springy wires having sufficient elasticity to
permit of their being pressed apart to allow a button or stud shank to pass up
between them, and to be so shaped as to be easily pressed apart so as to release
the stock or tie when it is required to be taken off.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROPULSION OF SHIPS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR.
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Robert Kinipple at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th October 1881.
WALTER ROBERT KINIPPLE, of 2, Westminster Chambers, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Greenock, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, Civil
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROPULSION OF SHIPS, AND IN THE
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR.'
12
This Invention which relates to improvements in the propulsion of ships consists
in arranging one or more paddle wheels of large diameter at or near to "inidship'
or the centre of the vessel. This paddle wheel or the paddle wheels is or are
contained within a well or wells which are open to the water in which the vessel
floats, and the paddle wheel or wheels is or are capable of being raised or lowered
to any depth in the water. The paddle wheel or wheels is or are arranged on a
shaft or shafts, which in the case of two paddle wheels may be capable of being driven
independently of each other, for the reason hereinafter mentioned. The engines
for driving the paddle wheel or wheels may be of the horizontal type, and the
slides or guides wherein the shafts and blocks which carry the bearings of the
crank shafts are moved are preferably arranged in a quadrantal form with the
length of the connecting rod as the radius. Vertical or oscillating engines may also
be employed for driving the paddle wheel or wheels. When the ship is in deep
water the paddle wheel or wheels is or are depressed by levers, screws, or their
equivalents to any depth consistent with the resistance to be overcome and the
speed to be made; and when approaching a harbour or coming into shallow water
the paddle wheel or wheels is or are raised to prevent the same from coming in
contact with the bottom.
One or more auxiliary paddle wheels constructed and fitted in the manner
hereinbefore described may also be provided both fore and aft the "midship"
section of a vessel.
When two paddle wheels arranged as hereinbefore described on separate shafts
are employed, the same may be used for steering the ship or for turning her on
her centre, as is necessary in the case of ships of war, the engines being arranged
so as to drive the two wheels at different rates of speed and in reverse
directions.

page_text: In the case of ships of war the engines are contained within an armour plated
belting. The paddle wheels are or may be constructed on what is known as the
cellular type of construction as hitherto applied to ships' bottoms, and certain
kinds of bridges. In this way the buoyancy of the said paddle wheels in
ensured.
The lower parts of the wells in which the aforesaid paddle wheels are contained
are preferably formed with easy curves, so as to ensure a minimum of resistance to
the influx and efflux of the water.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN WEAVING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Dunkerley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th August 1881.
PHILIP DUNKERLEY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WEAVING."
This Invention is designed principally for weaving belting used for driving
machinery, but the same system of weaving may also be applied to the manu-
facture of similarly woven fabrics for other purposes.
In weaving a quadruple cloth for belting according to the system hitherto
employed, it has been necessary to employ four shoots and ten sets of warps, the
first and second, third and fourth, fifth and sixth, seventh and eighth ends, each
making a separate cloth, with one shoot, and the ninth and tenth being binding
warps passing from front to back alternately over and under all four shoots; so as
to bind the four cloths together, the consequence being that if these binding warps
became worn through either at front or back the four cloths or layers were liable
to come asunder; and as the tension on the two binding warps was required to be
very much less than that of the other eight, two warp beams were necessary.
According to my improved system I employ four shoots and six sets of warps,
and as the tension on the latter is all equal I dispense with the second warp beam,
and employ one only.
The first warp thread passes over the first shoot of the first set of four, under
the second shoot of the second set of four, over the first shoot of the third set, and
under the second of the fourth set, and so on.
The second warp thread passes over the second of the first set, under the third of
the second set, over the second of the third set, under the third of the fourth set,
and so on.
The third warp passes under the second of the first set, over the first of the
second set, under the second of the third set, over the first of the fourth set, and
so on.
The fourth warp passes over the third of the first set, under the fourth of the
second set, over the third of the third set, and under the fourth of the fourth set,
and so An

page_text: The fifth warp passes under the third of the first set, over the second of the
second set, under the third of the third set, over the second of the fourth set,
and so on.
The sixth warp passes under the fourth of the first set, over the third of the
second set, under the fourth of the third set, over the third of the fourth set,
and so on.
Thus it will be seen that instead of having four cloths bound together by two
binding warps as in the ordinary manner of weaving such fabric, there is but one
solid cloth of a quadruple thickness, and that the fabric in weaving remains solid,
and is not liable to split up into different layers as heretofore.
I would here observe that although the above description only refers to a
quadruple cloth, it will be evident that cloth may be made of a greater number of
thicknesses than four by a repetition of the same principle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BATHS AND OTHER LIKE VESSELS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Abraham Brode and Robert
Muir at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th June
1881.
LOUIS ABRAHAM BRODE and ROBERT MUIR, both of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BATHS AND
OTHER LIKE VESSELS."
The said Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of baths and
other like vessels, and has for its object to provide a bath or like vessel with a
marble interior or lining, and a cement or artificial stone main body or outside.
In manufacturing these vessels according to the said Invention slabs or pieces of
marble are built up to the shape of the vessel to be made, forming the inside or
lining of the vessel, and the parts are clamped and cemented or otherwise fastened
together. The vessel is reversed or in an upside down position. A mould is built
or formed around the said marble lining, leaving a space between the said mould
and lining, and into this space a liquid cement or artificial stone is poured, and
allowed to set and become hard, when the outside mould is removed. The back of
the marble lining is roughened to give a hold for the cement or artificial stone.
A suitable artificial stone for the purposes of the Invention is compounded of
Portland cement, gravel, fire clay in small pieces, and silicate of soda mixed with
water to a proper condition for pouring into the mould, but other suitable cements
or artificial stone may be employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PURIFICATION OF ILLUMINATING GAS AND APPARATUS FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Lewis Thompson Wright, of Beckton, in the County of
Essex, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PURIFICATION OF
ILLUMINATING GAS AND APPARATUS FOR THAT PURPOSE."
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Lewis Thompson Wright at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th September 1881.
LEWIS THOMPSON WRIGHT, of Beckton, in the County of Essex. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PURIFICATION OF ILLUMINATING GAS AND APPARATUS FOR
THAT PURPOSE."
My Invention relates to the purification of illuminating gas by a process and
apparatus of the following description:-As the gas leaves the hydraulic main on
its way to the exhauster I admit to mix with it a small quantity of atmospheric
air, regulating the quantity, which should in no case exceed 21 per cent. by volume,
according to the amount of the sulphur impurities in the gas. I then clear the gas
of tar by the use of any known condenser, preferably by causing the gas to pass
in subdivided streams over surfaces on which the tar is deposited. I then heat
the gas to a temperature of from 400° to 500° Fahr., effecting this by passing it
through or over tubes or surfaces which may be heated by the waste products
of combustion from the retort furnaces. I then cool the gas by any known cooler,
and pass it through closed vessels containing moist animal charcoal. If required
I maintain the moisture of the animal charcoal by injecting a little steam or water,
and I collect the overflow liquor which contains ammoniacal compounds. I am
aware that parts of the process above described have been alreadly proposed to be
applied, for example, to pass gas either alone or with a little admixture of air
through animal and other charcoal or to heat gas mixed with air and pass it

page_text: through charcoal; my Invention, however, consists in the entire process set forth
above, effected by the apparatus described, whereby I am enabled to clear the gas
of most of the ammonia and sulphur compounds which it contains.
In cases where carbonic acid also exists as an impurity I farther purify the gas
by passing it through slaked lime or other alkaline earth or alkali, or by
monocarbonate of soda or potassa, which when saturated by absorption of carbonic
acid may have its absorbing power revived by heat.
A NEW METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SODA
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Weldon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th March 1881.
WALTER WELDON, of Rede Hall, Burstow, in the County of Surrey. "A NEW
METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SODA."
The present Invention consists in transforming chloride of sodium into bicarbonate
of soda by a certain reaction not hitherto known, and in combining the application
of that reaction with a certain method of continually regenerating one of the
agents employed to effect it.
The said hitherto unknown reaction is effected by treating by carbonic acid gas
a mixed solution of chloride of sodium and carbonate of potash. These form
chloride of potassium and bicarbonate of soda. The latter for the most part
precipitates, while the chloride of potossium goes into solution in the mother-liquor.
The methods of separating the bicarbonate of soda from the mother liquor, and of
then utilising the bicarbonate of soda, will be well understood.
The mother-liquor has now to be treated for the reconversion of its chloride of
potassium into carbonate of potash. To this end there is added to it either
magnesia or carbonate of magnesium, or a mixture of both. It is then treated by
carbonic acid gas. This causes a precipitation of a double carbonate of potassium
and magnesium, while chloride of magnesium goes into solution. The precipitate
is separated from its mother-liquor, wasbed, and boiled with water, whereby it is
decomposed into soluble carbonate of potash and insoluble carbonate of magnesium.
These are separated, as will be well understood, and the former is then employed
for the next operation of transformation of chloride of sodium into bicarbonate of
soda, and the latter for the reconversion of chloride of potassium into carbonate
of potash.
The new method of manufacturing soda thus described employs the more costly
alkali potash as one of the agents for transforming chloride of sodium into soda,
but this agent is continually regenerated in such wise that the same quantity of
potash used continually over and over again serves to transform an indefinite
quantity of chloride of sodium into soda.
The process above described may be modified by simply leaving to crystallize a
mixed solution of chloride of sodium and carbonate of potash, then separating the

page_text: crystals, and treating the mother-liquor for the reconversion of its chloride of
potassium into carbonate. It may be modified also by regenerating the carbonate
of potash by other methods than that which I have indicated, and moreover by
boiling double carbonate of potassium and magnesium with solution of chloride of
sodium instead of with water. A further modification consists in evaporating a
mixed solution of chloride of sodium and carbonate of potash, and fishing out of
the boiling solution monocarbonate of soda as it precipitates, or separating it by
decantation or filtration.
A NEW AND USEFUL CONPOSITION OF MATTER FOR PREVENTING AND REMOVING INCRUSTATIONS IN STEAM OR OTHER BOILERS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henri Adrien Bonneville, of the British and Foreign
Patent Offices, 18, Rue de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, France, and 90, Cannon
Street, in the City of London, Patent Agent, for an Invention of "A NEW
AND USEFUL CONPOSITION OF MATTER FOR PREVENTING AND REMOVING
INCRUSTATIONS IN STEAM OR OTHER BOILERS." A communication from
the Commander Pasqu'ile Alfieri, of Naples, in the Kingdom of Italy.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henri Adrien Bonneville at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th July 1881.
HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices, 18, Rue
de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, France, and 90, Cannon Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent. "A NEW AND USEFUL COMPOSITION OF MATTER FOR
PREVENTING AND REMOVING INCRUSTATIONS IN STEAM OR OTHER BOILERS."
A communication by the Commander Pasquale Alfieri, of Naples, in the Kingdom
of Italy.
The Invention relates to the preventing and removing of incrustations in steam
or other boilers, and consists in the composition of the following substances
combined in the proportions stated, vis:-
Carbonate of baryta, two hundred and fifty grammes
"
250 grammes.
Nitrate of ammonia, three hundred and twenty five grammes 325
Chloride of soda, two hundred and twenty five grammes 225
Vegetable charcoal, two hundred grammes
"}
200
"

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henri Adrien Bonneville in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th December 1881.
HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices, 18, Rue
de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, France, and 90, Cannon Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent.
"A NEW AND USEFUL COMPOSITION OF MATTER FOR
PREVENTING AND REMOVING INCRUSTATIONS IN STEAM OR OTHER BOILERS."
A communcation by the Commander Pasquale Alfieri, of Naples, in the Kingdom
of Italy.
The Invention relates to the preventing and removing of incrustations in steam
or other boilers, and consists in the composition of the following substances
combined in the proportions stated, viz:—
These four substances are reduced to a powder in order to be mixed, and being
thus combined are put into the boiler with the water, in which they dissolve to
bring about the disincrustation or prevent incrustations.
After having thus fully described the Invention and the mode of carrying it
into effect.
I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent as a composition adapted to bring
about the disincrustation of steam or other boilers, or to prevent such incrustations,
the mixture of carbonate of baryta, nitrate of ammonia, chloride of soda, and
vegetable charcoal in the proportions above specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, have hereto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight bundred and eighty one.
H. BONNEVILLE,
(L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDE RULES, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR VARIOUS CALCULATING PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jocelyn Home Thomson, of Shoeburyness, in the County
of Essex, Lieutenant, Royal Artillery, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SLIDE RULES, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR VARIOUS CALCULATING PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jocelyn Home Thomson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th December 1881.
JOCELYN HOME THOMSON, of Shoeburyness in the County of Essex, Lieutenant,
Royal Artillery. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDE RULES, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR VARIOUS
CALCULATING PURPOSES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in slide rules, whereby by a
Buitably divided scale as hereinafter described, a number may be raised to any
power, either fractional or integral.
According to my improvements one scale of the slide rule is so divided that the
distances from a fixed point are proportional to the logarithm of the logarithm of
the number marked on the scale.
The other scale, which moves in contact with this, is a logarithmic scale, divided
similarly to an ordinary slide rule. By means of these improvements, the slide
rule may it is evident be utilized for various mathematical operations, as for
example in the calculation of compound interest.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Jocelyn Home Thomson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th June 1882.
JOCELYN HOME THOMSON of Shoeburyness in the County of Essex, Lieutenant,
Royal Artillery.. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDE RULES, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR VARIOUS
CALCULATING PURPOSES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in slide rules, whereby by a
suitably divided scale as hereinafter described, a number may be raised to any
power either fractional or integral.
According to my improvements, one scale of the slide rule is so divided that the
distances from a fixed point are proportional to the logarithm of the logarithm of
the number marked on the scale.
The other scale, which moves in contact with this, is a logarithmic scale, divided
similarly to an ordinary slide rule.
By means of these improvements, the slide rule may, it is evident, be utilized for
various mathematical operations, as for example in the calculation of compound
interest.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I claim the Invention
of "Improvements in Slide Rules Applicable also for Various Calculating Purposes,"
substantially as hereinbefore set forth and described.
In witness whereof I the said Jocelyn Home Thomson have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Seventeenth day of June in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
CELIN HOME THOMSON LT. K.A. (L.S.)
JOCELYN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF REFLECTORS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Taylor at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th August 1881.
WILLIAM TAYLOR, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF REFLECTORS."
This Invention refers to improvements in the manufacture of reflectors of all
kinds in which a brilliant dark reflecting surface is desired, and one which will
resist corrosion and tarnishing.
With this view I form the reflector in copper, brass, steel, or any other suitable
metal, which I afterwards plate with a white metal capable of receiving a high
polish; for many purposes I prefer using silver, either electro deposited or in any
other way plated on; this surface is then highly burnished and afterwards plated
with nickel and finished, which produces a very dark brilliant surface, hard and
incapable of corroding or tarnishing, and with very high reflecting power.