Improvements in Bicycles.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Mar., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 24th Nov., 1891-Accepted, 23rd Jan., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Bicycles.
ROBERT SCOTT 168 Croydon Road Newcastle-on-Tyne Clerk. I do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The objects of my invention is to improve the tyre and mud-guard. The tyre is
made of india rubber and canvas and the ends or wings of the tyre are connected to
the rim of the bicycle. There are two small ridges near the ends of the tyre,
when the tyre is placed in position upon the rim, a steel hoop is placed at each
side of the rim, these hoops pass around the circumference of the wheel and over
the tyre near the ends, the hoops may be screwed or rivited to the rim, thus
securing the tyre to the rim of the bicycle, and the ridge upon the tyre prevents it
slipping from under the steel hoop. This arrangement may either be placed upon
the top or bottom side of the rim, instead of securing the steel hoop to the rim by
means of screws or rivets. It can be expanded when placed upon the top side of the
rim, and when placed upon the bottom side it is contracted, this is done by a screw
or other suitable arrangement, when the tyre is secured to the rim by expanding or
contracting the hoop, there is a ridge or recess upon the rim into which fits the
steel hoop, another method of securing the tyre to the rim, is to place a number of
projections upon the rim, and the tyre has an equal number of eyelets, and the tyre
is buttoned to the rim.
From each side of the tyre projects a piece of rubber, these two pieces overlap
each other at the top, and may be cemented thus forming an air tight joint, and the
ends of the tyre may be made sufficiently long so that they may be cemented to
the rim.
The tyre is inflated with air or other elastic fluid, the steel hoop which secures
the tyre to the rim, may in some cases be encased in the tyre.
The improvements in the mud guard consists in placing two wire rods at each
side of the wheel, and the guard may be made of canvas or other suitable material,
and when it is not wanted it can be folded upon the wire rods, or unfolded.
Upon the bottom of the tyre may be placed a number of ridges crosswise.
Dated this 7th day of March 1891
ROBERT SCOTT.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in Bicycles.
ROBERT SCOTT 168 Croydon Road Newcastle-on-Tyne Clerk. I do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
As stated in my Provisional Specification the tyre is secured to the rim by
means of a steel hoop, a recess is made upon the inside of the rim and the edge of
the tyre fits into this recess and the steel hoop is expanded over the tyre, there is a
ridge or bead upon the extreme edge of the tyre, this bead prevents the tyre from
slipping from under the steel hoop or ring.
A modification of this arrangement also described in the Provisional Specification,
is to make the recess upon the outside of the rim, the edge of the tyre fits into this
recess and the steel hoop is contracted over the tyre and by this means the tyre is
secured to the rim. The steel hoop is expanded by the hand, when it is expanded
into the recess, it is held in position by means of a clamp and screw, this clamp is
го

page_text: about three quarters of an inch in width and is screwed down over the points of the
steel hoop, a number of similar clamps and screws may be placed over the circum-
ference of the steel hoop or ring to further secure the steel hoop in position, when
the steel hoop is placed upon the outside of the rim it is contracted by means of a
right and left handed screw.
I may state that the only difference of securing the tyre to the rim just
described in the present application, and my Patent for " Improvements in the
Tyres of Bicycles and other Light Vehicles dated Oct. 22, 1890" No. 16,805 is as
follows.
screw,
In my Patent just quoted the steel hoop is contracted by means of a single
and when placed upon the inside of the rim it is described as expanded by
means of a screw, whereas in the present application the steel hoops is expanded
by the hand, and contracted by a right and left handed screw.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings shews a section where the recess is upon
the inside of the rim, and the steel hoop is expanded. A represents the rim. B the
steel hoop. C the clamp and screw. D the bead or ridge upon the extreme edge of
the tyre to prevent the tyre from slipping from under the steel ring. E the internal
tube for making an air tight joint, when inflated it expands against the tyre, this
internal tube may be made of pure rubber or canvas and rubber combined. F the
tyre which is made of canvas and rubber, in the section the canvas covers the whole
of the tyre, but it may be made to cover only the portion from the bead to the
bend. To protect the tyre from cutting, leather or other suitable substance may be
placed upon the tyre under the bend, where it passes over the rim.
Fig. 1 shews a section of the steel hoop, at one end there is projection which
forms half of a pipe, this arrangement acts as a guide in expanding the ring into
the recess, the clamp and screw already described cover the points of the ring.
Fig. 1 shews a section of a ring which is secured to the rim by means of a
screw, the ring may be made in sections and each section secured to the rim by
means of screws, another method is to expand a whole ring into the recess.
Fig. 2 shews a section where the ring is contracted, the recess in this case is
upon the outside of the rim. A rim, B steel ring, E internal tube, F tyre, in
both Fig. 1 and 2 the rings pass around the circumference of the rim.
Fig. 2 shews a section of a tubular steel ring and right and left handed screw
for contracting the ring into the recess, instead of making the ring in one piece, it
may be made of a number of small wire twisted together, as is well understood.
Fig. 2 shews a section of twisted wire.
Fig. 3 shews a modification of Fig. 1, instead of having a recess in the rim, it has
à small flange, the end of the tyre comes over the flange and is held in position by
means of ring and screw and clamp already described; in this arrangement there
are a larger number of clamps placed around the circumference of the rim. A rim,
C clamp and screw, B ring, D bead upon tyre, E internal tube, F tyre.
Fig. 4 shews a section of tyre when unfixed to the rim, the tyre may be thickened
with canvas and made separately, and the rubber cover cemented to the canvas
afterwards.
In the Provisional Specification it is stated that the steel hoop may be encased
in the tyre, and the steel hoop securing the tyre to the rim.
Fig. 5 shews a cross section of this method, the hoop is encased in the tyre and
there are a number of suitable projections or tongues which are connected to the
wire and project through the tyre, the projections have a thread upon them, and
they pass through holes or slots in the rim, and are secured to the rim by means of
a screw nut. A rim, B steel hoop encased in the tyre, this hoop may be made in
sections, to more easily place the tyre upon the rim, E internal tube, F tyre,
G screw nut.
Fig. 6 shews a side view of part of a tyre and rim, it shews tyre detached from
the rim.
B steel hoop, H screw projections, I slots in the rim, into which the
screw projections fit, and are secured to the rim by means of screw nuts, as already
described. Instead of making a recess upon the outside of the rim, or upon the

page_text: inside as shewn and described in Figs. 1 and 2 the rim may be made with a recess
upon the side and the tyre secured to the rim by means of steel rings, instead of
making the hoop of steel it may be made of brass or other suitable metal.
In the Provisional Specification a method is described of a folding mud guard,
I have not carried out this idea as I understand it has already been done. I also
mention in the Provisional Specification, of making an air tight joint by means of
pieces of rubber, this part of my invention is not carried out. The rings shewn in
Fig. 14 and 1 may be made either solid or tubular, and the shape of the rings
used in fixing the tyre to the rim may be round, half round or flat, instead of
making a recess in the rim as described and shewn in Fig. 2 the rim may be made
without a recess and the steel hoop held in position from slipping off the rim by
two or three studs or projections which pass through the edge of the rim and the
hoop is expanded behind the studs, as already mentioned, the Provisiona! Specifi-
cation states, "the steel hoop which secure the tyre to the rim may in some cases
be encased in the tyre, Fig. 5 and 6 as already described represents a method of
encasing the steel hoop in the tyre, in Fig. 7 is represented a slight modification of
the same arrangement, the steel hoop is encased in the tyre and it is secured to the
rim means of a right and left handed screw, the screw contracts the steel hoop into
the hollow of the rim, the steel hoop and screw are similar to what is described and
shewn in Fig. 24 and Fig. 2, the only difference being that the steel hoop has an
arrangement by which the steel hoop may be disconnected without fully undoing the
screw. At one part of the steel hoop there is a slot and the opposite end of
the hoop has a pin by slightly undoing the screw, the pin can be removed from
the slot.
In Fig. 7 A represents the rim, B the steel hoop, J right and left handed
screw, F tyre, K
pin and slot arrangement for removing the steel hoop.
Fig. 10 represents a detached view of the same arrangement.
Fig. 8 represents a slight modification of what has already been described and
shewn in Fig. 2.
In Fig. 8 the recess is made square at the bottom, and the edge of the tyre is placed
under the steel hoop and the steel hoop is contracted over the tyre by the hand and it
is held in position by means of a screw, the points of the steel hoop intersect each
other, and are held by a screw, this screw may be upon the bottom or side of the
steel hoop, and the screw passes through the side of the rim and into the steel hoop.
In Fig. 8 A represents the rim ; B steel hoop F the tyre and L the screw.
Fig. 11 represents a section of the steel hoop, with arrangement for intersecting
the two points, by undoing the screw the steel hoop is liberated.
In the Provisional Specification it is stated that, "another method of securing
the tyre to the rim is to place a number of projections in the shape of buttons upon
the rim, and the tyre has an equal number of eyelets and the tyre is buttoned to the
rim." These projections may be oval round or other suitable shape, and the shape
of the eyelets in the tyre are made to correspond, and the eyelets are hooked or
buttoned on to the rim, the tyre where the eyelets are placed may be made of canvas
and rubber or leather.
Fig. 9 represents a side view of part of the rim and tyre M represents the pro-
jections upon the rim and N represents the eyelet holes upon the tyre, both sides
of the rim are the same and also the tyre.
The projections are made to slightly incline towards the spokes, the eyelet holes
are made of metal.
The present application for a Patent is a development and improvement upon the
methods described in my Patent dated Oct. 22 1890 No. 16,805.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is,
1st. Improvements in fixing the tyre to the rim as described and shewn in Fig. 1
Fig. 1 and Fig. 1B of the accompanying drawings.

page_text: 2nd. Improvements in fixing the tyre to the rim as described and shewn in Fig. 2
Fig. 2 and Fig. 2B of the accompanying drawings.
3rd. Improvements in fixing the tyre to the rim as described and shewn in Fig. 3
of the accompanying drawings.
4th. Improvements in making the tyre as described and shewn in Fig. 4 of the
accompanying drawings.
5th. Improvements in fixing the tyre to the rim as described and shewn in
Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 10, of the accompanying drawings.
6th. Improvements in fixing the tyre to the rim as described and shewn in
Figs. 8 and 11 of the accompanying drawings.
7th. Improvements in fixing the tyre to the rim as described and shewn in Fig. 9
of the accompanying drawings.
8th. Improvements in tyres as described and shewn in the accompanying
drawings.
Dated this 2nd of Decembar 1901
ROBERT SCOTT.