IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS AND IN FURNACES AND FLUES FOR WITHDRAWING AIR AND VAPOURS FROM DRYING AND OTHER CHAMBERS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Johnson Hands, of Epsom, in the County of Surrey,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS AND IN FURNACES AND FLUES
FOR WITHDRAWING AIR AND VAPOURS FROM DRYING AND OTHER CHAMBERS."
Sealed the 6th October 1857, and dated the 16th April 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Johnson Hands at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
April 1857.
I, JOHNSON HANDS, of Epsom, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS AND IN FURNACES AND
FLUES FOR WITHDRAWING AIR AND VAPOURS FROM DRYING AND OTHER CHAMBERS," to
be as follows:-
These improvements relate to the construction of kilns, furnaces, and flues,
for which Letters Patent have been previously granted to me, where the
products of combustion pass away from the furnace and return to the furnaces
to be ignited thereby; and my present improvements in kilns consist, first, in
constructing the return flues of iron in place of fire brick, as heretofore, where
they pass in contact with the furnace of the kiln; and also in the application
of pipes or passages which pass through or in contact with the kiln or its
furnace, which pipes or passages connect the interior of the drying chamber
with the external air, in order to heat it in its passage to the drying chamber;
and I form openings in the return flues, which are interior of such drying or
other chambers, in order to withdraw moist air or other vapours from such
chambers.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Johnson Hands-in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th October 1857..
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHNSON
HANDS, of Epsom, in; the County of Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Johnson Hands, Her special licence-that-I, the said Johnson Hands, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Johnson
Hands, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS AND IN
FURNACES AND FLUES FOR WITHDRAWING AIR AND VAPOURS FROM DRYING AND OTHER.
CHAMBERS," upon the condition, amongst others, that I, the said Johnson
Hands, my executors or.administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands. and seals, should particularly describe and s
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Johnson Hands, do hereby declare the s
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
These improvements relate to the construction of kilns, furnaces, and flues
for withdrawing air and vapours from drying and other chambers, and the 3
same are applicable where the products of combustion pass away from the
furnaces and return to the furnaces to be ignited thereby.
And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
The Drawings show various views of two kilns combined, and having drying
chambers connected therewith, constructed according to my Invention and as
3

page_text: the nature of each of the views is written thereon it will not be necessary to
repeat the same here. .It will be seen on examining the Drawings that the
products of combustion from the furnaces a, a, a, after passing through the
chamber of the kiln pass into the flue b at the top, which communicates with
and circulates through the drying chambers c, c, and then returns from the
drying chambers to the kiln, each return flue being formed into two branches
at 6, 6, which conduct the products of combustion into the flues bs, b², formed
between each of the furnaces a, a, a; and I prefer to construct such flues of
iron or partly of iron, leaving slits or openings &* for the passage of flame from
the furnaces a into the flues 6, in order to ignite the products of combustion
in their passage through the flues to the chimney. The return flues b, where
they pass through the interior of the drying chambers, have openings 6*, bx,
formed in them at intervals (which may be closed by doors or dampers if
required), through which air or air and vapour is or are drawn from the
interior of the drying chambers into the flues, so as to render the products of
combustion more inflammable when again brought in contact with the flame
of the furnaces a, a, and I cause air to be admitted to the interior of the
drying chambers by means of the pipes or passages d, d, which pass through
or in contact with the kiln or its furnaces, which pipes connect the interior of
the drying chamber or chambers with the external air, in order to heat it in
its passage to the drying chambers.
From the foregoing description of kilns and drying chambers combined
with flues for withdrawing air from such drying chambers, it will be seen that
furnaces and flues may be arranged according to my Invention for the purpose
of withdrawing air and vapours from other chambers for the purpose of
ventilation or otherwise.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that what I claim is, the
construction and arrangement herein described of kilns, furnaces, and flues
for withdrawing air and vapours from drying and other chambers.
In witness whereof, I, the said Johnson Hands, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-soron
JOHNSON HANDS. (L.S.)
Witness,
J. S. TONGUE.