IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Bernoulli Barlow, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS." A communication from abroad by. Augustin Vimont, of Paris,
France. Engineer.
Sealed the 17th January 1879, and dated the 18th July 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th July 1878.
HENRY BERNOULLI BARLOW, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Patent
Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING
WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS." A communication from abroad by
Augustin Vimont, of Paris, France, Engineer.
This Invention consists of certain improved machinery for preparing the rovings
or yarn before they are spun into yarn or doubled.
The machinery consists of a roller covered with needle points. The roving in
passing through the needles is prepared for the drawing rollers. After leaving the
needle-pointed roller the roving is taken over a conical boss with a square flange,
which regulates the twist; it then passes through a revolving tube made in two
parts; at the end of the inner part is a flange with a slanting stud, which gives the
twist to the roving or yarn, and from which it passes to the drawing rollers. The
yarn in passing from the drawing rollers to the spindle or spool on which it is
wound passes over a revolving guide, which allows the twist to pass upwards from
the spindle to the nip of the drawing rollers.
The yarn is wound on the spindle or spool by means of an improved traveller
running on a ring in the ring rail; this traveller is made with clips, and can move
to and fro on the ring so as to adapt itself to the increasing diameter of the cop.
The traveller is lubricated by a self-acting apparatus consisting of an oil chamber
in which is a vibrating plunger to force the oil forwards, and the spindle is lubri-
cated by supporting it in a bush which forms an oil chamber.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 17th
January 1879.
HENRY BERNOULLI BARLOW, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Patent
Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING
WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS." A communication from abroad by Augustin
Vimont, of Paris, France, Engineer.
This Invention consists of certain improved machinery for preparing the rovings
or yarn before they are spun into yarn or doubled.
.
The machinery consists of a roller covered with needle points. The roving in
passing through the needles is prepared for the drawing rollers. After leaving the
needle-pointed roller the roving is taken over a conical boss with a square flange,
which regulates the twist; it then passes through a revolving tube made in two
parts; at the end of the inner part is a flange with a slanting stud, which gives the
twist to the roving or yarn, and from which it passes to the drawing rollers. The
yarn in passing from the drawing rollers to the spindle or spool on which it is
wound passes over a revolving guide rod, which allows the twist to pass upwards
from the spindle to the nip of the drawing rollers.
The yarn is wound on the spindle or spool by means of an improved traveller
running on a ring in the ring rail; this traveller is made with clips, and can
move to and fro on the ring so as to adapt itself to the increasing diameter of
the cop.
The traveller is lubricated by a self-acting apparatus consisting of an oil chamber
in which is a vibrating plunger to force the oil forwards, and the spindle, which is
taper from one end to the other, is lubricated by supporting it in a bush which
forms an oil chamber.
And in order that this Invention may be fully understood and readily carried into
operation, I will proceed to describe the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of the improved machinery for preparing, spinning,
and doubling wool and other fibrous materials; Fig. 2 is a plan of the same.
Figs. 3 to 9 are detached views of parts of the improvements.
The rovings or yarns are taken around the rollers A, which are covered with
needle points, and thence to the draw rollers B. The rollers A are in lieu of the
ordinary fluted and top rollers. The action of the needle points opens the fibres of
the roving, and prepares them for being drawn. If there should be any straggling
fibres in the roving, they are laid parallel by the needle points. By means of these
circular combs the starting point of the draw is not limited, as is the case where
calendar rollers are used, which limit the draw to the nip of the rollers. From the
needle point roller A the roving enters the revolving tube C, made in two parts, as
shewn detached in Fig. 4, the motion of which is regulated by the roving in the
inverse proportion to its size, that is to say, the larger the roving, and the slower
the tube will revolve. On the tube is a wharve D, which is driven by an endless
band from the drum T.
Within the tube C is the hollow stem E, which gives the requisite twist to the
roving by friction. In front of the stem is the disc e, on which is the oblique flyer c¹,
around which the roving when drawn makes a turn. At the end of the flyer is a
spiral recess or groove, through which the roving passes as it is drawn forward by
the rollers B.
.
At every revolution of the tube the drawn roving or yarn is wound on the
socket f to stretch it, and it is slackened when unwinding; this motion produces
the intermittent action which is indispensable for good drawing.
The thicker the roving, and the greater will be the twist, the socket f acting as a
break to the roving on which it is wound, thereby moderating the speed of the
tube; on the other hand, the finer the roving the less will be the twist and the ten-
:

page_text: sion, thus leaving the tube at liberty to revolve quicker. From this it is evident
that the rovings supplying the machine will be twisted in proportion to their size,
and that the size of the rovings governs the speed of the tubes in the desired pro-
portion to ensure perfect equality in the draw and in the yarn.
The winding-on part of the tube being much larger than the part for drawing, it
follows that the least variation in the size, weight, or tension of the roving modifies
instantly and automatically the speed of the tube.
This Invention compensates for the irregularity in the rovings or slubs of con-
denser cards; it also remedies the evils of tubes running at a uniform speed, which
with the present agents for isolating the twist cease to be available when great
variations exist in the rovings.
Fig. 5 represents a modification of this Invention; in this case the tube terminates
in the form of a gimlet.
The isolater F receives the roving after it has left the tube on its conical part; it
prevents the twist passing with more or less speed towards the delivery rollers, and
thus more or less intermittence to the twist, and more or less vibration to the
roving.
The friction given by the flange of the isolater increases the tension of the
roving.
The isolater can be adjusted up and down and laterally.
After passing around the isolater into the rotating tube and between the draw
rollers B, B, the yarn arrives at the square rod G, which answers the purpose of the
ordinary wire guides, and revolves in the contrary direction to the draw rollers.
By this means the twist from the spindle, however slight it may be, .carried.
upwards to the draw rollers; and thus the yarn is prevented from breaking, while
the twist is evenly distributed.
From the rod G, where the yarn forms an angle of about 125°, the yarn descends
to the spindle, which imparts the twist, and on which it is wound in the form of a
cop for warp or weft on a paper tube or on the bare spindle. All the layers of yarn
forming the cop receive an equal amount of twist and tension.
I obtain these results by an improved mode of winding on; the improvement
consists,―
First. In making the traveller or other instrument capable of moving nearer to
or further from the spindle, according to the shape or diameter of the cop.
And, Secondly. In the power possessed by the yarn to lift the traveller with
greater facility as it approaches the spindle, where the centrifugal force is reduced;
and where the friction of the traveller in its guide is less.
I is a ring with a rim or border made of hardened steel, and placed concentric to
the spindle. The ring I is fixed to the carriage or lifter I, which is moved up and ·
down at progressively higher levels to build the cop. On the rim of the ring are
placed two ordinary travellers i, i, to which is connected the small steel wire h,
forming the winding-on flyer. The flyer can approach or recede from the spindle
owing to the oblong slot at one of its ends. In the centre of, the wire hare two
small spiral guides, one of which guides the yarn on to the cop; the second guide is
only used to increase the tension or drag on the yarn.
In some cases more than two spiral guides may be used.
The yarn is taken through one of the travellers (either the right one or the left,
according to the direction of the spindle) before it is passed through the spiral guide
or guides.
From the foregoing it will be easily understood how the winding is effected from
the commencement to the completion of the cop. At the commencement of the 'cop
the flyer is close to the spindle, around which it is dragged by the yarn. The fibres
of yarn being held short are not liable to fly off, and the centrifugal force of the
flyer being very small, it follows that the strain on the yarn to move the flyer at
the nose of the cop is not greater than when forming the base of the cone, or at any
other part of the cop, as the centrifugal force and the friction are always propor-

page_text: tionate to the distance of the flyer from the spindle. By this means fine yarns with
more or less twist can be spun on a throstle spinning frame..
The speed and the weight of the flyers and travellers must be varied according to
the count of yarn to be spun, but various counts within certain limits can be spun
with the same agents.
In spinning fine numbers Í make the flyers with an arc X, in the manner shewn
in Figs. 8 and 9. The flyer is made by preference of steel wire, and in Fig. 8 it is
shewn in the position it assumes when winding the yarn on the nose of the cop, and
Fig. 9 shews it when winding on at the full diameter of the cop. The arc serves to
balance the flyer., By this means the yarn acts with great facility on the flyer while
it is being wound on the nose of the cop, which is very desirable.
By varying the shape and weight of the arc the centrifugal force of the flyer may
be regulated to the greatest nicety, and may even be made to act so as to cause the
flyer to approach instead of flying from the spindle. The arc is jointed to the ends
of the flyer.
In order to overcome the injurious effect of the centrifugal force, I have employed
magnetism. When the spindles are magnetised they draw the flyers towards them,
but the action of the magnetism through the paper tubes and the layers of yarn is
not so efficacious as that of the arc above described.
The flyer travellers shewn, and the ordinary travellers and the rings on which
they work, should be regularly lubricated. To effect this object I use the apparatus
shewn in Fig. 3. Through the traveller ring I is a hole reaching to the oil cup. J.
In order to make the lubricating self-acting, and in proportion to the speed of the
machine, the rod t is provided with as many arms t' as there are cups. Each arm t¹
enters into a hole in the piston wires j, fitting in the holes connecting the cups J to
the rings I. The rod t is moved gently to and fro, thereby forcing the oil to the
top of the ring I, from which it is distributed by the travellers.
Instead of the separate cups J shewn, a trough extending along each side of the
frame may be used, the oil being supplied to the rings and travellers or flyers by
pressure or otherwise.
It is well known that in those frames in which the spindle and bobbin or cop
have a uniform motion, the yarn is wound on by the drag of the traveller or flyer,
by which it is distributed on the bobbin or cop. It is also known that whatever
sort of traveller be used, the twist of the yarn varies according to the different
diameters of the bobbins or cops, consequently if this irregularity in the twist is
injurious for warp yarn, it is much more so for weft yarn.
According to this improved system of throstle spinning, which is intended to
supersede self-acting mules, and therefore to produce either warp or weft, I have
overcome the defect inherent in ring spinning by giving either to the draw rollers
or to the drums for the spindles a speed corresponding to the diameter of the bobbin
or cop on which the yarn is wound, whereby a uniform twist is obtained throughout;
this is accomplished by cone drums, the first of which is driven by gearing or other-
wise, and the second is driven by a strap from the first; or the same result can be
produced by an expanding pulley.
The ring rail in moving up and down moves the cone strap to and fro on the
cones, which thereby produces the required variations in the speed of the draw
rollers or of the drum for driving the spindles.
When applied to the draw rollers and when winding on the nose of the cop, the
draw rollers will revolve rather slower than when winding on the largest diameter
.of the cop, the speed varying progressively and alternately from one extreme to the
other.
When the variations in speed are given to the drum for driving the spindles, the
greatest speed is given when the yarn is being wound on the largest diameter of
the cop, and the least at the nose, so that an equal amount of twist is given
throughout the entire bobbin or cop; this equality of twist renders the ring and
traveller throstle spinning frame perfect, and enables the machine to be used for
winding cops or pirns of weft ready for weaving.

page_text: The spindles may be arranged to move downwards in order to build the cop, and
the ring rail then moves alternately up and down to form the nose or conical part
of the cop. By this means the length of yarn from the draw rollers to the spindle
remains of a uniform length; this arrangement equalises the tension and twist of
the yarn, which is of great importance in fine counts.
The downward motion may be given to the spindles by means of two long rods,
one at each side of the frame, having inclines acting on the rails supporting the
spindles; these rods are supported on antifriction rollers, and on each is a rack
worked by a pinion on a cross shaft, which is actuated by hand or by a ratchet wheel
and catch. By this means the spindles, the drums, and the frame supporting them
are moved gradually to the required extent.
The copping motion for actuating the ring rail is made to cross the yarn on the
nose of the cop, and to build it of the desired shape.
Instead of supporting the spindles in the ordinary manner, the spindles are con-
structed and supported, as shewn in Figs. 6 and 7.
The spindle K, which is capable of running at a very great speed, is conical from
top to bottom; at the lower end is a pivot on which it revolves. The wharve N is
held in its place by the taper of the spindle, which it carries round by its own
weight. M is a socket or bearing through which the spindle passes, and it is held
at the proper level by the screw plug O; this plug presses against an india-rubber
washer R, placed between the plug and the bolster to close the parts. The spindles
thus supported can revolve freely and without play, and in case of wear the plug is
slightly tightened to raise the spindle, thus reducing the play.
If the spindle tapered in the contrary direction, it would have to be lowered to
obtain the same result.
The interior of the bolster bearing is provided with deep spiral or plain grooves,
as usual, to distribute the oil on the spindle. The bolster is secured by a nut to its
support S, and a break lever is applied to each pair of spindles to stop them when
required for piecing up; this break is moved by a treadle to the right or left to act
on the desired spindle.
The peculiarity of this improved spindle is due to the taper of the working parts,
which allows any wear to be obviated; also, to the working part revolving in a
socket containing oil, and the motion being communicated above the bearing, the
spindle can rotate at a great speed without vibrating.
This improved winding machinery combines great speed of the spindle, uniform
twist and tension in the yarn, and the power of spinning cops of either weft or warp
on paper or other tubes, or on the bare spindles.
The tubes may be made of sheet metal; these tubes could be used over again
when the yarn was unwound.
Having thus stated the nature of the Invention communicated to me by the
within-named Augustin Vimont, and described the manner of performing the same,
I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself to the details given, as the
same may be varied or modified, and I claim,-
First. The use of the rollers A covered with needle points in lieu of the ordinary
fluted and top rollers, as shewn and described.
Secondly. The application of the twisting isolaters F with vertical flange, by which
more or less twist and more or less vibrations are given to the roving that is being
drawn, as described.
Thirdly. The drawing tube C with a lateral opening, the motion of which is regu-
lated by the roving, the speed of the tube being governed by the thickness of the
roving, as shewn and described.
Fourthly. The use of the square or other rod G for guiding the yarn in lieu of
the ordinary guide wires, which rod revolves in the contrary direction to the yarn
to distribute the twist evenly and to cause the yarn to vibrate, as described.
Fifthly. Keeping an equal distance between the draw rollers and the point of
winding-on in order to equalise the twist, as described.
Sixthly. The improved flyer travellers, shewn and described, which move towards

page_text: and from the spindle, according to the diameter of the bobbin or cop on which the
yarn is being wound, whereby the tension is equal at all parts.
Seventhly. The improvements in ring and traveller throstle spinning and
doubling frames and others, whereby the twist is equalised throughout the bobbin
or cop.
Eighthly. The improved mode of lubricating the rings and travellers to equalise
the friction and prevent wear, as shewn and described.
And, Ninthly. The improved spindle and the mode of supporting it, as shewn and
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of January, One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-nine.
H. B. BARLOW. (L.S.)