matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
MECHANISM FOR THE PROPULSION OF VEHICLES
Year: 1869

page_text: .LETTERS PATENT to Ferdinand Constant Colney, of 37, Boulevard
Bonne Nouvelle, Paris, in the Empire of France, Machinist, for the
Ttion of is Tennowen MECHANISM FOR THE PROPULSION OF VEHICLES."
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Ferdinand Constant Colney
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
⚫ and Declaration, on the 4th August 1869, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FERDINAND
CONSTANT COLNEY, of 37, Boulevard Bonne Nouvelle, Paris, in the
Empire of France, Machinist, send greeting..
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVED MECHANISM
FOR THE PROPULSION OF VEHICLES," and have petitioned Her Majesty to
grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal
Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn Declaration that I
verily believe myself to be the true and first Inventor thereof.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Ferdinand Constant Colney, do.
hereby declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand
and seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of my said Invention,

page_text: and the manner in which the same is to be performed, reference being
had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawing, and to the letters of
reference placed thereon.
My automaton carriage, set on four wheels, will carry at least three
persons, may travel from nine to ten miles an hour, the driving spring
requires winding up but once an hour, and as this winding may be
effected while the carriage is in motion it causes no interruption of the
journey.
The pieces composing the improved mechanism by which I propel my
automaton carriage are shown on the Drawing; they are, A, shaft of the
driving spring; B, winding up movement; C, small pinion; D, large
driving wheel; E, fly wheel; F, fork; G, shaft; H, revolving axle on
which the carriage wheels are keyed; I, toothed steering gear; J, steering
lever; K, connecting rods; L, cover of spring barrel to prevent accident
should the spring break; R, driving spring.
COMBINATION AND WORKING OF THE MECHANISM.
The shaft A of the driving spring R gives motion to the toothed
wheel D which governs the pinion C, and thus turns the shaft G. This
shaft governs the connecting rods K, K, which in their turn drive the
revolving axle H. The pinion on the steering lever J gears with the
piece I and permits the carriage being guided in any desired direction.
The use of the forked piece F is for starting and stopping the machine,
and the fly wheel E serves for backing or advancing the carriage. The
whole of the mechanism is on the fore carriage by the driver's seat.
The carriage will be provided with an ordinary break to be used when
required.
In itness whereof, I, the said Ferdinand Constant Colney, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of July,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine
IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDES FOR MAGIC LANTERNS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE POR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Ross at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
March 1869.
I, THOMAS Ross, the younger, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDES FOR MAGIC LANTERNS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
ALSO APPLICABLE POR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in slides for magic
lanterns, and which improvements are also applicable for other purposes,
consists in the combination of two discs or wheels, one of glass or any
other transparent substance, on which pictures are painted, drawn,
printed, or photographed, the other wheel being made of metal, wood, or
any opaque substance, and in which wheel openings or slits are formed,
converging to the centre.
The object of the said combination is to produce the effect of moving.
figures, chromatropes, or other objects by placing the two wheels or
discs on an axle, and revolving them in contrary directions by means of
pulleys, wheels, or other means. The pictures being seen or shown by
transmitted light, or by means of the magic lantern, for which the

page_text: Invention is more particularly adapted, for the purpose of showing
enlarged views of the figures or objects on any white screen, as is usually
done in showing views by the magic lantern. When not used in the
magic lantern the wheels are made of sufficiently large size to show the
moving pictures, figures, objects, or chromatropes with sufficient dis-
tinctness, and in this case the arrangements herein-before described
constitute an instrument which is complete in itself.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MOULDING AND CASTING METAL COLUMNS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
-
29th October 1869. A communication from abroad by Felix
Courtois, of No. 23, Boulevard de Strasbourg, Paris, France, Founder.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lanc, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF
AND APPARATUS FOR MOULDING AND CASTING METAL COLUMNS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object,―
Firstly. To avoid the objectionable scams upon the shafts of columns
arising from the imperfect fitting together of the moulds in the ordinary
divided core boxes.
And, secondly. To enable columns of varying lengths to be cast by
means of one and the same pattern.
For this purpose the capital and base of the column are moulded in
boxes separate from the shaft of the column. The pattern for the latter
carries loose upon it. two rectangular patterns or blocks corresponding

page_text: exactly with the external dimensions of the mould boxes for the base
and capital. These blocks are adjusted to the exact distance apart
corresponding with the length of the column, and the pattern of the shaft
with the blocks upon it is then rammed in entirely in one box. The
pattern of the shaft is then first withdrawn from the end of the box,
passing through the holes in the blocks, and these are afterwards
withdrawn from the top of the box. The mould boxes for the capital
and base having been duly prepared are now inserted accurately into
the spaces left by the blocks, and after closing up the end openings left
by the pattern of the shaft the metal is run into the complete mould
thus formed.
CERTAIN NEW AND IMPROVED COMPOSITIONS FOR THE PREVENTION OF DAMPNESS AND SALTPETRE, TOGETHER WITH THE MODE OF APPLYING THE SAME
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Dupland at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
August 1869.
I, HENRY DUPLAND, of No. 37, Boulevard Bonne Nouvelle, Paris,
in the Empire of France, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "CERTAIN NEW AND IMPROVED COMPOSITIONS FOR THE
PREVENTION OF DAMPNESS AND SALTPETRE, TOGETHER WITH THE MODE OF APPLYING
THE SAME," to be as follows:-
I propose to preserve walls from becoming saltpetred by damp and to
protect other surfaces from the effects of dampness by means of several
coatings prepared and applied in the following manner:-
First Coating. For every 200 lbs. weight of linseed oil I take 20 lbs. of
litharge in powder, 10 lbs. of minium or red lead, 6 lbs. of umber in
calcined stone, 6 lbs. of alum in powder, and 10 lbs. of tin in ingot,
30 per cent. of turpentine to be added at the moment of using the
composition. I boil the whole during four hours over a slow fire, during
the last hour it is however requisite that the fire be brisk enough to
fuse the tin.

page_text: Second Coating.-I add to the above preparation 3 per cent. of beeswax
and 3 per cent. of caoutchouc, then boil the whole for an hour over a
slow fire.
Third Coating. I take (according to the quantity required of a suitable
consistency to be applied with a brush) red lead in powder, and calcined
ceruse or white lead ground with oil and turpentine in equal quantity, and
5 per cent. of litharge in an impalpable powder; I then dilute these
ingredients with the same composition as used for the second coating,
and then apply it over the second coating, but at an interval of 24 hours.
Fourth Coating.-I prepare a composition as for the first coating,.
and when the 4 hours heating have expired I at the expiration of one
hour draw it off clear; I then dissolve 40 per cent. of hard gum copal,
and when in fusion throw the first composition into it while still warm
and clear; I then add 40 per cent. of warm turpentine, stir the whole
well together, add 10 per cent. of ceruse or white lead calcined and
ground with turpentine, and then apply the preparation cold with a
brush over coating Number Three.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CONVERTING RECIPROCATING MOTION INTO ROTARY MOTION
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent. Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th November 1869.-A communication from abroad by Augustin
Henri Hamon, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Engineer.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
CONVERTING RECIPROCATING MOTION INTO ROTARY MOTION," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide a simple and efficient means
for converting a reciprocating motion into a rotary motion suitable for
driving sewing machines, small lathes, and other light machinery
requiring slight driving power.
Mounted loosely upon a fixed shaft are two box wheels or pullies of
varying diameters. The smaller box pulley projects into the larger one
and its periphery forms a gripping surface for, say, three gripping levers.
These levers hang loosely on studs carried by the larger box wheel and
their gripping surfaces are excentric to their supporting studs. Keyed
fast to the fixed shaft is a hub which lies within the smaller box wheel,
and occupying the space between the hub and the periphery of this

page_text: wheel is a helical spring, one end of which is secured to the hub and
the other to the box wheel. A strap pendent from the small box wheel
is attached to a treadle, by operating which the wheel is pulled round
and caused to wind up the spring. In its rotation the small box wheel
having the pressing levers bearing upon it (the same being held in
position by light springs) will rock these levers and cause them to grip
its periphery. The further rotation of this box wheel will now through
the gripping levers give an axial motion to the larger box wheel, which
motion may be transmitted to the machinery to be driven. When the
treadle is released the recoil of the helical spring will reverse the
direction of rotation of the smaller box wheel, which will then trip
the gripping levers and allow the larger wheel to rotate by its own
momentum. Repetitions of this action will ensure a steady and rapid
rotation of the larger wheel.
If desired the gripping levers may be carried by the smaller wheel
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BEARINGS OF AXLES FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND TRUCKS, AND IN LUBRICATING THE SAID AXLES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Garner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th May
1869.
I, BENJAMIN GARNER, of Oldbury, in the County of Worcester,
Carriage Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BEARINGS OF AXLES FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND TRUCKS,
AND IN LUBRICATING THE SAID AXLES," to be as follows:-
My improvements in the bearings of axles for railway carriages and
trucks consist, firstly, in making the said bearings of lignum vitæ or
other hard wood fixed in grooves or depressions in the upper half of the
axle box. I prefer to divide the lignum vitæ or other hard wood into.
three portions, the divisions or spaces between them being made in:
planes parallel to the axle. The middle portion is situated immediately.
over the axle, and the other two portions on each side respectively. The-
axle is thus made to bear against three surfaces of hard wood, the spaces.
between them serving for the passage of the grease or lubricant from.
the grease box to the neck or journal of the axle. I also fix on the inner-
end of the axle box a ring of hard wood, against which ring the shoulder

page_text: of the axle works. The parts of the axle which take a bearing in the
axle hox are thus made to bear against surfaces of hard wood. The
hard wood bearings however may be arranged in other ways than that
described.
My improvements in the bearings of the said axles consist, secondly,
in making the bearing brasses of the said axles in three parts, arranged
as herein-before described with respect to hard wood bearings. By
making the said brasses in three parts the lubricant is supplied in a
very efficient manner, and the brasses wear longer than brasses of the
ordinary construction.
My improvements in lubricating the axles of railway carriages and
trucks consist in constructing the grease boxes of the said axles in the
following manner :-Instead of making the opening by which the grease
passes from the grease box to the axle at the middle of the bottom of
the grease box, as is usually done, I divide the grease box into two
compartments, and in the bottom of each of these compartments a hole
is made over the middle of the neck or journal. The grease or lubricant
is thus supplied to the axle at two points, and any solid particles of dirt
or impurity in the lubricant are less likely to pass into the axle box from
the grease box than when the grease box is constructed in the ordinary
way.
By the axles of railway carriages and trucks I mean the axles of all
such carriages and trucks as are or may be used on railways other than
locomotive engines and their tenders.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF JOINTING PIPES AND TUBES AND IN THE PACKING EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Amherst Hawker Renton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th April 1869.
I, AMHERST HAWKER RENTON, of 3, Great Queen Street, West-
minster, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF
JOINTING PIPES AND TUBES AND IN THE PACKING EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as
follows:-
My Invention has reference more particularly to pipes used for the
conveyance of steam, water, gas, or other liquids or fluids, and consists
in so constructing the ends of the pipes and the packing by which they
are made tight that the internal pressure of the liquid or fluid upon the
packings shall cause them to be pressed against or into contact with the
internal surface of the pipes or the ends thereof, and thereby prevent
leakage. And this I effect by employing a packing of leather, gutta
percha, india-rubber, or other suitable elastic or yeilding material, and
giving to it such a form or configuration as may admit of its distention
and of its being forced into contact with the interior surface of the pipes
or against the surface of grooves or other recesses in the ends thereof,
in such manner that the tightness of the joint shall not depend upon

page_text: any external pressure, mechanical or otherwise, but entirely upon the
internal pressure of the fluid or liquid, thereby causing the joint to be
tighter as the pressure is increased, while it admits of a change of
position by subsidence of the ground or otherwise without producing
leakage. The ends of the pipes are formed so as to adapt themselves to
the particular packing which the fluid or liquid to be conveyed through
them may require, but in all cases the pipes simply abut the one upon
the other, so that in the event of the necessity for the removal of a
damaged pipe, and the replacing it by another, the one can be taken out
and the other inserted without disturbing the contiguous pipes. The
prominent object of this arrangement being facility and economy of
labor in laying, security from leakage, and facility for repairs or
alterations.
A REVOLVING GRAPHOSCOPE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Lockett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
November 1869..
I, GEORGE LOCKETT, of 22, Red Lion Square, Holborn, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A REVOLVING GRAPHOSCOPE," to be as follows:-
The base or plinth of the instrument forms a case with, divisions for
holding the pictures intended to be viewed. The cover of this case is
attached by means of milled headed screws to two strong brass guides
in which are longitudinal slots, these guides being placed at each side
and so constructed as to fold down when the cover is in its place, or to,
be raised up to a vertical position when the instrument is to be used.
When in this latter position the cover of the base or case may be raised
up, the milled headed screws travelling in the slots of the two sido
guides. When raised sufficiently high this covering board is revolved
or turned upside down, when it will be seen that I have at each end a
piece of wood which folds down, but which may be raised on its hinges
so as to form a right angle with the board. In one of these end pieces
I insert two lenses suitable for viewing stereoscopic pictures, and in the
other a large lens for viewing single pictures. When stereoscopic.

page_text: pictures are to be examined they are placed against that end which
contains the single lens which acts as a support; and in like manner
single pictures are placed against and supported by the end containing
the stereoscopic lenses. The adjustment of the focus is effected by
having one of the lens carriers or ends (preferably that containing the
large lens) to slide along the base board. The slots provide for the
board being raised to any height above the plinth, or inclined at any
angle to suit the spectator.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE WORK PRODUCED BY CARDS OF CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Etienne Antoine Victor Leroi
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 25th February 1869.
I, ETIENNE ANTOINE VICTOR LEROI, Merchant, of 2, Rue Ste. Appoline,
Paris, Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE WORK PRODUCED BY CARDS OF CARDING ENGINES,"
to be as follows:-
My improvements consist,-
First. In producing by means of ordinary cards or carding apparatus
wads or wadding fleeces and slivers of horse or other hair of a description
similar to those produced from cotton. To manufacture this material
I feed the card or carding apparatus with hair, but even if it is very
well carded this material has not the property of holding its different
parts together as cotton, therefore on leaving the card the product is
received between two endless cloths supported by rollers.
One or
several rollers press the fleece or sliver of horsehair between the two
cloths in order to give to the hair sufficient consistence to enable it to
issue from the endless cloth to be received and wound on to a cylinder

page_text: and conveyed to be gummed, which is done as for cotton wadding on
one or two sides.
Second. In obtaining on the card or carding apparatus products of
various textile materials and laid one on the other. For this purpose
I commence by feeding the carding apparatus throughout its breadth
with a first material or base of wool, for example, then it is supplied
with a second material chiefly of horsehair, and then with a third,
which may be of wool or cotton. By this means the horsehair becomes
incorporated and the three thicknesses are very intimately united.
Third. In receiving the manufactured materials on rollers as they
leave the card, whereby they are capable of being manufactured of
unlimited length.
Fourth. In the division and laying over one another (superposition)
of the different products obtained at the same time on the same card.
To manufacture these materials I divide the supply by blades, between
which I lay over one another (superpose) two or three thicknesses of
different textile materials, which leave the card one over the other and
divided between other blades placed at the outlet of the card or carding
apparatus.
Materials made according to my Invention are applicable to various
useful and ornamental purposes, for example, to improve the fittings
of muffs, by winding bands on rollers, the latter being so constructed
as to be capable of being easily withdrawn from the material when
manufactured.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFE BUOYS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Tyndale Greenfield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th August 1869.
I, JOHN TYNDALE GREENFIELD, of the Royal Regiment of Artillery,
residing at Number 10, Pencester Street, Dover, in the County of Kent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LIFE BUOYS," to be as follows:-
My improvements in life buoys consist of the following arrangements.
whereby the security and comfort of the persons using the buoys are-
increased by maintaining them altogether out of the water instead of
leaving them partly immersed. Also providing for the supply of extra
clothing and provisions in case of extreme weather, and for keeping
others from sinking by holding on and fastening themselves to the sides
of my improved life buoy.
As an exemplar of the means of carrying the said Invention into.
effect I have to state that I construct a platform or deck of triangular
shape, by preference supported at its angles. by caissons or floats fixed to
the under side of the deck or platform, and united and supported beneath
by a similarly shaped table. On the upper side of this platform. I fix

page_text: a seat and a mast (which should be telescopic) for signals. Under the
seat and passing below the deck or platform I fix a water-tight well or
chamber in which I place provisions, clothes, and other necessaries.
To keep the buoy steady and to prevent its capsizing by any undue
weight at any part I fix a weight to the platform by means of chains
affixed to the sides of the deck or platform. To prevent the breaking
of the chains by a sudden strain on them by the weight when lowering
the buoy to the water I provide a hook or catch at any convenient
portion of the buoy so that the weight being looped on to it and the
buoy always taking a certain position when being lowered the weight is
not released until the buoy has reached the water and assumed its
proper position, when the chains and weight are released. Loops or
handles extending several feet from the side of the buoy to afford a hold
for persons immersed in the water should also be provided.
I have also an apparatus by means of which the buoy is never parted
from the ship, thereby preventing the danger of having to lower a boat
in heavy seas. This apparatus consists of a drum or winch worked. by
levers in the stern of the ship, round which is coiled a rope 500 or
600 fathoms in length and fastened to the life buoy. By this means the
buoy is always secured to the ship. The buoy when lowered into the
water remains stationary, the ship paying out rope till she is stationary,
so that a person overboard can make for the life buoy during the time
that the rope is being paid out. At the end of that time the rope is
coiled upon the winch and the person and life buoy brought inboard.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING TOBACCO
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Hutchinson Mayden at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 2nd December 1869.
I, HENRY HUTCHINSON MAYDEN, of Mansfield, in the County of
Nottingham, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING TOBACCO,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar combination and arrangement of
machinery or apparatus for spinning tobacco, and consists in the
employment of a horizontal reciprocating feeding table in combination
with a board or pallet similar to the "hand board" used in the hand
process of manufacturing twist tobacco. This board or pallet receives a
combined vertical and horizontal motion, which is imparted to it by
means of a crank shaft rotated by gearing or by a strap and pullies.
The tobacco to be spun is fed in by hand between the reciprocating
table and the moveable board or pallet in the form of "fillers" con-
stituting the centre or core of the twist, and also in the form of wrappers
consisting of open leaves of tobacco, which are wrapped round so as to
envelope and hold together the "fillers" or core, and thus form the

page_text: twist. The combined movements of the table and of the board or pallet
tend to coil or roll up and twist the tobacco. According to the thick-
ness of the "twist" to be manufactured so is the position of the board
or pallet adjusted by means of adjusting screws, which elevate or depress
it so as to remove it further from or bring it nearer to the reciprocating
table. The table is provided with sponges supplied with oil, over which
sponges the twist or roll passes as it proceeds through the machine
and thus becomes sufficiently oiled. Having undergone this preliminary
process of rolling or twisting the tobacco passes through a rotatory
tubular spindle carrying forked arms, which support between them the
bobbin upon which the twist is wound. This bobbin rotates with the
forked arms, and consequently a spinning or twisting effect is produced
on the tobacco, and as the bobbin receives also a slow rotatory take up
motion on its own axis the tobacco is gradually wound on to the bobbin
as the spinning proceeds. By varying the relative speeds of the take
up motion and the spinning motion any amount of twist may obviously
be put into the tobacco. The spinning motion of the bobbin is of
course derived from the rotation of the forked arms, but the take up
motion is derived from a train of bevelled wheels and a screw and worm
wheel, the screw being driven by a strap at any desired speed by the
aid of a regulating plate. The machine is started and stopped by means
of a foot lever in connection with a moveable bearing carrying the first
motion shaft and a set of cam pullies, which latter by means of a strap
drive the mechanism at different speeds according to the thickness of the
roll or twist required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND. IN APPARATUS FOR THE PROPULSION OF VELOCIPEDES AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Sawyer and James
Woodman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 18th May 1869.
We, JAMES SAWYER, Engineer, and JAMES WOODMAN, Wine Mer-
chant, both of Islington, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND.
IN APPARATUS FOR THE PROPULSION OF VELOCIPEDES AND OTHER VEHICLES," to be
as follows:-
Our Invention relates to improvements in the mode of and apparatus
for transmitting motive power for the purpose of propelling velocipedes
and other vehicles, and consists in the use of elastic bands so combined
and arranged as to store a portion of the power at each effort of the
operator for the purpose of accelerating and rendering uniform the
motion of the vehicle.
In applying our Invention to a velocipede we arrange the apparatus
as follows: A movable rectangular frame is placed above and rests
on the driving axle, which latter is held in a mid position beneath
the frame, by a number of endless bands (preferably four) of india-

page_text: rubber or other clastic material. These bands are placed on opposite
sides of the frame and pass over separate pulleys keyed to the driving
axle and over other pulleys mounted on shafts placed at either end of
the frame where they are free to rotate in bearings or against. friction
pulleys. The bands being thus distended equally in opposite directions
the driving axle is caused to assume a mid position as before stated.
The driving axle is furnished with three or more cranks to the centre
one of which a hand lever is connected for operating the machine.
This lever is pivoted to an independent frame provided with a suitable
steering wheel which also serves to support it. To the other cranks rods
are connected, the ends of which rods pass through the forward end of
the movable frame first described. These rods arc
These rods are provided with
shoulders which on the rotation of the driving shaft come into contact
with said frame moving it forward and stretching the forward pair of
elastic bands.
The action of the machine is as follows:-The hand lever is drawn
back by the operator to rotate the driving axle and stretch the clastic
bands as above described, and on the forward movement of said lever
when the effort of the operator is no longer sustained, the elastic bands
draw forward and rotate the driving axle, thus accelerating the motion
of the vehicle and rendering it uniform. The lever is then again drawn
backward by the operator and so on.
This Invention is applicable also for propelling tramway and other
omnibuses either by manual or other power.
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR JOINING LEATHER AND REN- DERING IT IMPERMEABLE, MORE PARTICULARLY IN ITS APPLICATION TO DRIVING BELTS, AND IN CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PULLEYS FOR SUCH BELTS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Horace Brandon at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 8th April 1869.-A communication from Edmond Lemaistre,
of 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris.
I, ALEXANDER HORACE BRANDON, of 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris, Empire
of France, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR JOINING LEATHER AND REN-
DERING IT IMPERMEABLE, MORE PARTICULARLY IN ITS APPLICATION TO DRIVING
BELTS, AND IN CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PULLEYS FOR SUCH BELTS," (com-
municated to me by Edmond Lemaistre, also of 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris,)
to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to remedy the imperfections in the
joints of leather bands when the junction is made with either gutta
percha or caoutchouc, separately or combined, by mixing with these
substances certain gums or resins, more particularly amber, gum elemi,
Venice turpentine, copal, mastic, and lac, in various proportions by aid
of the sulphide or bi-sulphide of carbon or other suitable solvent of gutta
percha or caoutchouc.

page_text: The proportions of these substances are varied according to the
strength of the joint required or the impermeability that is to be given to
the leather article. With the object of increasing the adhesion between
the said belts and the driving pulleys I clothe the said pulleys with
leather, vulcanized caoutchouc, gutta percha, felt, or cloth imbued with
some kind of tar.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS FOR HANGING PICTURES, LOOKING GLASSES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles James Fox Campbell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 9th April 1869.
I, CHARLES JAMES FOX CAMPBELL, of Camberwell, in the County of
Surrey, of Her Majesty's Royal Navy, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS FOR HANGING
PICTURES, LOOKING GLASSES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the hanging of pictures and
looking glasses, and also that they may be readily taken down in case of
fire or other emergency.
And that my Invention may be clearly understood reference is made
to accompanying Drawings.
A, A, is a portion of the back of a picture or looking glass frame; B
is a metal plate screwed on to the frame, having a projecting tongue C
with a hole or eye in the same; D is a staple to be driven into the wall,
E being a circular peg cast on and forming part of such staple, and
fitting the hole or eye in the tongue piece C. A corresponding

page_text: arrangement to the above to be fixed at the other end of the frame.
Thus the frame has merely to be lifted on to the pegs for hanging,
and off again for speedy removal, and so superseding the hooks,
rings, and cords now in use; and in the case of pictures in a picture
gallery they may be brought close down to each other, or nearly so, no
part of my Invention appearing above the top of the frame, and thus
space may be economized, which is frequently of great importance.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR VENTILATING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Chambers at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
September 1869.
I, WILLIAM CHAMBERS, of the United University Club, Suffolk
3 Street, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND MEANS
FOR VENTILATING," to be as follows, that is to say :-
Upon the exterior of any chimney or passage of any kind com-
municating with the chamber to be ventilated, or on the exterior of the
chamber itself, I affix a cowl preferably having a motion of rotation on
its axis. The form of this cowl or ventilator will vary according to the
peculiarity of the nature and position of the place which is to be
ventilated, but in all cases the principle of its action will be the same,
and for simplicity in describing this action it may be considered as a
tube of a T form, the vertical position being however preferably nearer
one end than the other, there will therefore be three mouths or openings
all communicating with each other. The free end of the vertical portion
is inserted within the chimney or other passage communicating with
the chamber to be ventilated. Within the horizontal portion I insert

page_text: another tube open at both ends having a trumpet or conical form, the
large end outwards and of such diameter as at least to close wholly one
extremity of the horizontal part, the inner or smaller end projecting a
little beyond the opening into the vertical tube; the other extremity
of the borizontal tube remains open to the external atmosphere.
The action is as follows:-The trumpet mouthed tube always facing the
wind, a current of air rushes through it and induces a current along
the other extremity of the horizontal tube, and also within the vertical
tube, and consequently within the chamber within which the said tube
is in communication, whether it be a room, a manufactory, or a moveable
carriage or ship. If however] from any cause the outer air cannot be
made to impinge within the trumpet tube then in such case I induce
the same effect by means of a small jet of steam projected within it,
which condensing and forming a partial vacuum in the horizontal tube
induces the necessary current and draft within the vertical one.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FINISHING WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Donald at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th June
1869.
Í, JAMES DONALD, of Johnstone, in the County of Renfrew; North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FINISHING WOVEN FABRICS," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object to render apparatus for finishing
woven fabrics more simple in construction and more convenient and
efficient than hitherto; and the improvements are applicable to
machines for imparting a plain finish, or to those for giving an elastic
finish, and in either case whether the fabric is stationary or progresses
through the machine.
The Invention consists principally in applying endless pitch chains
for moving the details for holding the selvedges of the fabric, and in the
combination therewith of a longitudinal shaft and pinions for adjusting
the parts out and in to suit the different widths of fabric. The pitch
chains pass round pulleys at the outer ends of transverse horizontal
bearers, and round pitch wheels near the middles of the bearers, there

page_text: being in one modification two such endless chains on each bearer.
The chains are attached to the outer and inner 'sides of blocks fitted
to slide on the bearers, and these blocks carry the selvedge holding
details, or, in the case of progressive machines, the guide rails for
the endless selvedge chains. The two pitch wheels on each bearer
are geared together, and one of them is actuated by a pinion on a
longitudinal shaft, which can be turned by means of a hand wheel
at one end of the machine (such hand wheel acting by preference
through a worm and worm wheel) and whereby the parts on all the
bearers are adjusted simultaneously. When the machine is required to
give the clastic finish the bearers are pivoted on vertical centre pins, so
that the swinging motion may be imparted to them in the ordinary way;
and these centre pins may be either on brackets fixed to pillars, or to a
wall forming part of the building, or they may be in the ordinary way
upon standards fixed to the flooring.
In another modification a single endless pitch chain is applied on each
bearer, and one sliding block is attached to one side of the loop of the
chain, and the other block to the other side, so that the blocks may be
moved in the required directions, or the chains may be crossed or
otherwise guided to obtain the same result. In any cases the chains
may be arranged either in vertical or horizontal planes, the latter
arrangement involving the use of screw worms instead of pinions on the
longitudinal shaft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SLIDING OR TELESCOPIC PENCIL CASES ADAPTED ALSO FOR PENS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bath at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
March 1869.
I, JOHN BATH, of King William Street, in the City of London,
Public Accountant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SLIDING OR TELESCOPIC PENCIL CASES
ADAPTED ALSO FOR PENS," to be as follows:-
According to the methods commonly employed in the construction of
sliding or telescopic pencil cases, such as those manufactured by the
firms of Perry, Mordan, and others, known as ever-pointed, in which
short pieces of lead are used, and also the old fashioned pencil cases in
which an ordinary lead pencil is placed, in order to push the pencil
out of the case the case has to be held by one hand and the pencil
holder turned round by the other hand, a screw being made around the
pencil holder taking into a screwed hole formed in the part that turns
round. Another method is to form a helical slot around the inner tube
that has to be turned round, a pin in the pencil holder, taking into the
said slot, the pencil is pushed out and drawn in by turning the pencil
holder in opposite directions, and this applies to ever-pointed pencil

page_text: In the old fashioned pencil cases the pencil was simply fixed
tightly in a short sliding tube placed inside the case, a pin being fixed
in the said tube and passing through a long slot in the case and rivetted
to a slide on the outside of the case which slide had to be pushed up and
down.
Now this Invention consists in dispensing with both of these methods,
and employing in lieu thereof a helical spring placed loosely within the
pencil case and pressing against the pencil holder, for pushing the pencil
out of the case, a spring catch holding the pencil within the case when
the pencil is pushed thereinto and the aforesaid spring is collapsed and
holding the pencil holder firm when pushed out. The aforesaid spring
catch passes through a hole in the case, and when pushed inwards the
elastic force of the spring pushes the pencil holder out.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Belicard at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
September 1869.
I, JULES BELICARD, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates partly to improvements upon an Invention for
which Letters Patent in Great Britain were granted to Arsène Bourdon,
of Paris, Engineer, dated March 10th, A.D. 1868, No. 827.
The Invention consists, firstly, in an improved construction of metallic
or other heald made open or without eyes. Each heald is made of two
doubled wires or yarns, one attached to the bottom and the other to the
top of the frame, the "bights" or bends of the wires being interlaced
and twisted one round the other so as to form two long open loops.
The threads laid through these loops will only be moved by the healds
in one direction, that is to say, if they are carried through the loop above
the twists the healds will only raise them, and if they pass through below
the twists the healds will only depress them. The reverse movement of

page_text: the warp threads, that is, the depressing in the first case and the
raising in the latter I propose to accomplish by means of transverse bars
or rods, as described in the Specification of the Letters Patent herein-
before alluded to; thus I use the healds for raising the threads and
the rods for depressing them, and vice versa.
In cases where it is desirable to use healds that will act both ways, I
form a double heald of the open loop construction above described, so
that the warp threads passing beneath one twist and above the other
will be both raised and depressed with the heald. Healds of this con-
struction may be used either with other healds of similar or of ordinary
make for the alternate threads, or they may be used in connection with
the transverse bars or rods above named.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OPERATING ON FIBRES IN MACHINERY FOR THE COMBING OF WOOL OR OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Crofts at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th February
1869.
I, JOHN CROFTS, of Hunslet Lane, Leeds, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN OPERATING ON FIBRES IN MACHINERY FOR THE COMBING OF WOOL OR OTHER
FIBRES," to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to facilitate the removal of the noil
produced by the operation of combing. For this purpose when the noil
has been lifted up the teeth of the combs by means of the noil lifters I
cause a current of air flowing from the mouth of a tube or other suitable
channel, and supplied from a fan or otherwise, to act on the lifted noil
and blow it direct or by a suitable channel into a can or receiver.
By these means the use of noil drawing-off rollers may be rendered
unnecessary, and saving of time in the working of such machines will
be obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Jeavons and William
Waplington at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 16th January 1869.
We, JOSHUA JEAVONS, of the Atlas Steel and Iron Works, Sheffield,
in the County of York, Manager of Iron Works, and WILLIAM Wap-
LINGTON, of the same Place, Assistant Manager of Iron Works, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
In order to decarburize the iron while in a molten state in the
puddling furnace a vessel of suitable size attached to the end of a bar
or rabblo is filled with nitrate of soda and oxide of iron, or other suit-
able substance containing and capable of evolving oxygen. The said
vessel is then moved about under the surface of the molten metal, the
result being that oxygen is evolved from the material contained in such
vessel, and the same combines with the carbon in the molten metal,
and, according to the extent of the operation, produces such quality as
may be desired. In order to protect the tray of iron, which is lined
with fettling in the ordinary manner, from injury by the intense heat

page_text: raised in the puddling furnace, it is preferred to pass a current of air
around and under the tray to the fire-grate. The ash hole of the grate
being closed the air is heated in its passage around and under the tray
and effects economy in the consumption of fuel and in the durability of
the furnace.
In order to produce uniformity in the quality of the iron or steel
produced; instead of the usual machines for working the rabble a simple
arrangement of steam engine above the furnace is employed, the same
being connected direct to the hanging bar which carries the rabble,
and being furnished with suitable valve gear and horizontal revolving
motion (as well understood), so that the motion of the rabble in the
puddling furnace may be controuled and the same worked in any part
for such length of time and stroke as the manipulator or puddler may
determine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SLEEVE LINKS, SOLITAIRES, GLOVE FASTENERS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES OR FASTENERS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Watson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
April 1869.
I, ALFRED WATSON, of Newington Green Road, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SLEEVE LINKS, SOLITAIRES, GLOVE FASTENERS, AND OTHER
SIMILAR ARTICLES OR FASTENERS," to be as follows:-
For this purpose I employ a front plate to which a bar or back plate is
pivotted or pin jointed so as to turn around such pivot or pin joint in a
plane parallel or nearly so to the plane of the front plate, such bar or back
plate having a stud or studs projecting therefrom to enter a recess or
recesses formed in the back of the front plate, or if desired such recesses
may be dispensed with, in which case the pivot or pin joint will be made
to work somewhat stiffly. I prefer to make the bar weaker in its centre
than at the other parts, or I otherwise form it so as to enable it to spring
into the recess in the front plate. The articles above described may
be also used as fasteners for purses, pocket books, and other articles.