IMPROVEMENTS IN EFFECTING THE COMBUSTION OF CERTAIN MATTERS FOR HEATING PURPOSES, AND IN APPARATUS POR THE SAME-A communi- cation from abroad by
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer and Patent Agent, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN EFFECTING THE COMBUSTION OF CERTAIN MATTERS FOR
HEATING PURPOSES, AND IN APPARATUS POR THE SAME-A communi-
cation from abroad by Francis Bernard de Keravenan, Engineer, of
29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris.
Sealed the 19th July 1864, and dated the 30th January 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th January 1864.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN EFFECTING THE COMBUSTION OF CERTIAN MATTERS FOR
HEATING PURPOSES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME," to be as follows:-
The necessity in long voyages and in localities at a distance from sea
ports or coal mines of obtaining good fuel in small bulk has led me to
employ for this purpose mineral oils of all kinds, and the refuse in the
manufacture of the same, as also fatty, vegetable, and animal matters and
refuse resulting from their manufacture, which matters I burn without
producing any smoke, and this Invention consists in the application of
said matters for heating purposes, and also in the apparatus intended for
producing combustion of the same without smoke.

page_text: These apparatus are represented in the accompanying Drawing, a few
only of the arrangements being shown, which may be further varied
according to the purpose to which they are to be applied.
Fig. 1 shows a central vertical section of a locomotive or stationary
engine boiler, which is heated by the above-mentioned matters; Fig. 2
shows an elevation of the same boiler; Fig. 3 a central vertical section cf
a vertical boiler, also heated with the matters above mentioned; Fig. 4
shows a section on line 1, 2, of same; Fig. 5 is an ordinary fixed boiler, to
be heated in a similar manner; Fig. 6 shows a plan of the apparatus con-
taining the combustible matters, and forming the furnace; while Fig. 7
shows another arrangement of furnace suitable for burning either the
various matters above mentioned, or wood, coal, or other fuel, at same time
effecting a complete consumption of the smoke. In all these Figures the
same letters of reference indicate like parts seen in different positions.
Figs. 1 and 2, a, tubular boiler; b, smoke box; c, chamber containing
the feed water, and heated by contact with the hot air in the so-called
smoke box (which I shall continue to designate it), although the products
of combustion consist only of heated gases, which are entirely deprived
of carbon in suspension, in consequence of the perfect combustion; d,
man-holes; e, semi-cylindrical dome, in which the steam accumulates as
it forms; f, chamber of any suitable form, such as square or round, for
containing the matters to be burnt; g, false bottom, dividing chamber f
into two parts; h, annular chamber rising up from the lower part of
chamber f; i, grating fitting inside channel h; j, wicks, rags, or tow
placed on grating i, and dipping in the combustible matters, filling the
upper part of chamber f; k, cover of chamber f, having openings or slits
intersecting each other, or otherwise formed; m, blower, set in motion
by the engine for supplying air by means of pipe n to the lower part of
chamber f. It will thus be understood that the blower supplies air to
the lower part of chamber f, and on the wicks j being lighted an abundant
supply of air will pass into the annual chamber h, which surrounds the
flames, and produces perfect combustion of the hydrogenized carbonacous
products for effecting the heating purposes desired, the products of com-
bustion consisting of heated gases are either utilized for heating or
carried away in any suitable manner. In the vertical boiler, Fig. 3
and 4, the apparatus containing the combustible matters and forming
the furnace is similar to that above described. The boiler is composed
of two cylinders o, p, the lower one o containing a central chimney q
receiving the products of combustion and distributing them around the

page_text: second cylinder p; r, annular space surrounding a portion of each of
the cylinders o, p; this space contains the feed water, which is partially
heated therein; the use of this reservoir is, however, optional, as the
same result may be obtained by a brick casing; s, s, pipes connecting
cylinders o, p; t, pipe for the escape of the heated gases. In Figs. 5
and 6, which represent an ordinary boiler, the furnace chamber is
similar to the preceding, except that it is mounted on wheels or friction
rollers u to facilitate its movement for the purpose of supplying it with
fuel or for changing its position; it is further furnished with annular
spaces h for supplying air to the centre of the flame, and also with cross
slits through which the flame passes, seen in the plan, Fig. 6.
Fig. 7, which represents a section of the furnace or chamber containing
the combustible matters, the general arrangement of the parts remains
the same, but the air instead of surrounding the flame, as before men-
tioned, is projected in all directions into the flame through a number
of small openings; for this purpose the annular space h is slightly
lengthened, and has its inner surface perforated with small holes v for
admitting air to the flame. A similar arrangement may be adopted in
ordinary furnaces, which would have the effect of causing the complete
consumption of the smoke.
In
The two principal features of this Invention may be thus stated, viz.,
1st, the application of the matters herein-before mentioned for heating
purposes in various ways; and, 2ndly, the improved apparatus for
effecting the heating of said matters, which may be otherwise arranged
than as herein described, according to the particular application of
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 26th
July 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer and
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty four, in the twenty-seventh year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her Heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said William Clark, Her special licence that I, the said
William Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others

page_text: as I, the said William Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN EFFECTING THE COMBUSTION OF CERTAIN
MATTERS FOR HEATING PURPOSES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME," a comp
to me from abroad by Francis Bernard de Keravenan, Engineer, of 29,
Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said William Clark, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Clark, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement, reference being had to the two Sheets of Drawings here-
unto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to
say);―
The necessity in long voyages and in localities at a distance from sea-
ports or coal mines of obtaining good fuel in small bulk has led me to em-
ploy for this purpose mineral oils of all kinds, and the refuse in the manu-
facture of the same, as also fatty vegetable and animal matters, and refuse
resulting from their manufacture, which matters I burn without pro-
ducing any smoke, and this Invention consists in the peculiar appli-
cation of said matters for heating purposes, and also in the apparatus
intended for producing combustion of the same without smoke.
These apparatus are represented in the accompanying Drawings, a few
only of the arrangements being shown, which may be further varied
according to the purpose to which they are to be applied.
Fig. 1 shows a central vertical section of a locomotive or stationary
engine boiler, which is heated by the above-mentioned matters; Fig. 2
shows an elevation of the same boiler; Fig. 3 is a central vertical section
of a vertical boiler also heated with the matters above mentioned; Fig. 4
shows a section on line 1, 2, of same; Fig. 5 is an ordinary fixed boiler to
be heated in a similar manner; Fig. 6 shows a plan of the apparatus con-

page_text: taining the combustible matters and forming the furnace, while Fig 7
shows another arrangement of furnace suitable for burning either the
various matters above mentioned or wood, coal, or other fuel, at same time
effecting the complete consumption of the smoke. In all the Figures the
same letters of reference indicate like parts seen in different positions.
Figs. 1 and 2, a, tubular boiler; b, smoke box; c, chamber containing
the feed water, and heated by contact with the hot air in the so called
smoke box, which I shall continue to designate thus, although the pro-
ducts of combustion consists only of heated gases, which are entirely de-
prived of the carbon in suspension in consequence of the perfect com-
bustion of the flames; d, manholes; e, semi-cylindrical dome, in which the
steam accumulates as it forms; f, chamber of any suitable form, such as
square or round, for containing the matters to be burnt; g, false bottom
dividing chamber f into two parts; h, annular channel rising up from the
lower part of chamber f; i grating fitted in the space inside channel h;
j, wicks, rags, or tow placed on grating i, and dipping in the combustible
matters filling the upper part of chamber f; k, cover of chamber f having
openings or slits 1, intersecting each other or otherwise formed; m,
blower, set in motion by the engine for supplying air by means of pipe n
to the lower part of chamber f. It will thus be understood that the
blower supplies air to the lower part of chamber f, and on the wicks j
being lighted an abundant supply of air will pass into the annular
channel h, which surrounds the flames and produces perfect combustion
of the hydrogenized and carbonaceous products for effecting the heating
purposes desired, the products of combustion consisting of heated gases
are either utilized for heating or carried away in any suitable manner.
In the vertical boiler, Figs. 3 and 4, the apparatus containing the com-
bustible matters and forming the furnace is similar to that above
described. The boiler is composed of two cylinders o, p, the lower one o
containing a central chimney q receiving the products of combustion and
distributing them around the second cylinder p; r, annular space sur-
rounding a portion of each of the cylinders o, p, this space contains the
feed water, which is partially heated therein; the use of this reservoir is
however optional, as the same result may be obtained by a brick casing;
s, s, pipes connecting cylinders o, p; t, pipe for the escape of the heated
gases. In Figs. 5 and 6, which represent an ordinary boiler, the furnace
chamber is similar to the preceding, except that it is mounted on wheels
or friction rollers u to facilitate its movement for the purpose of supplying
it with fuel or for changing its position; it is further furnished with

page_text: annular spaces h for supplying air to the centre of the flame, and also with
cross slits, through which the flames pass, seen in the plan Fig. 6. In
Fig. 7, which represents a section of the furnace or chamber containing the
combustible matters, the general arrangement of the parts remains the
same, only the air, instead of surrounding the flame as above mentioned,
is projected from all directions on to the flame through a number of small
openings for this purpose; the annular space is slightly lengthened, and
has its inner surface perforated with small holes v for admitting air to
the flame.
A similar arrangement may be adopted in ordinary furnaces, which
would have the effect of causing the complete consumption of the smoke.
In the annexed Drawings I have also represented several descriptions
of furnaces burning ordinary fuel arranged according to this Invention;
Fig. 8 shows a longitudinal section of a steam boiler furnace having one
or more tubes; Fig. 9, plan of same; while Fig. 10, shows a longitudinal
section of the furnace for a tubular boiler. In these furnaces I only admit
just a sufficient amount of air into the ash-pit for producing combustion of
the coal and forming oxide of carbon. In order to obtain perfect com-
bustion I place between the combustion chamber b, and the flues c, a
chamber a perforated at top for the supply of air, which air forms a dia-
phragm the products of combustion are forced to traverse, and on meet-
ing with the necessary amount of oxygen effects their complete combus-
tion, while the flame brightens, and nothing but heated air passes to the
flues. For certain descriptions of fuel which are difficult to burn I may
place chambers along the sides of the furnace, through which I inject air
above the bed of the fuel, as in Fig. 17. The air is supplied to chamber a,
either by means of tubes d passing under the fire-bars to the front of the
furnace, as in Fig. 8, or along the sides as in Fig. 9. In this case the air
becoming heated in the tubes produces a strong draught, and passing out
into chamber a, forms the diaphragm above mentioned. The tubes d may
also be replaced by fire-bars, which are made hollow for conducting air to
chamber a. Fig. 11 shows a section of the furnace of a tubular boiler suit-
ably adapted for burning solid fuel, which is sprinkled with mineral oil or
other fatty matters by means of a rose applied at the furnace door, as seen
in Fig. 12. The liquid matter is conveyed by a pipe from a pump or
reservoir into a rose, where it is subdivided and injected like rain into the
midst of the flame, and jets of air forced through the openings in the sides
of the furnace, which facilitates the complete combustion of the sub-
stances

page_text: Fig. 13 shows a section of a third arrangement of furnace for burning
solid matters steeped in fatty liquids or mineral oils or residues of the
manufacture of these matters; in this case the solid matters serve as points
of attachment for the flame, and as it were answer the purpose of wicks;
Fig. 14 shows a plan of this apparatus, while Figs. 15 and 16 show plans
of other arrangements, which may be used instead of those represented
at Figs. 13 and 14. In Figs. 11 and 12, a is the furnace chamber; b, the
fire-bars; c, outlet pipes traversing the boiler; d, chamber furnished with
perforated partitions; e, pipe for supplying air; f, pump furnished with a
rose for injecting the inflammable liquid; g, tube for the introduction of
the liquid. In Figs. 13, 14, 15, and 16, a, is the furnace; c, outlet pipes;
h, space for supplying air to the furnace; i, air chamber; j, pipe for con-
ducting air to the furnace; k, air inlet pipe; l, pipe for the introduction
of liquid.
Having described the nature of this Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be pro-
tected by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,
First, the application of the matters herein-before mentioned either
alone or in combination with solid fuel for heating purposes in the manner
described.
Secondly, I claim the improved apparatus serving to effect the heating
purposes desired, and forming smokeless furnaces applicable for burning
all kinds of solid and liquid fuel, all as herein-before described and repre-
sented in the Drawings annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Clark, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
Witness,
JAMES DAISH,
53, Chancery Lane,
London.
W. CLARK. (L.S.)