IMPROVEMENTS IN FREEZING LIQUIDS WHICH CONTAIN A SUBSTANCE OR PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred SUBSTANCES IN SOLUTION OR SUSPENSION, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THIS PURPOSE
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Allworth, of the Swiss House, 12, Lyndhurst
Road, in the Parish of Camberwell, in the County of Surrey, for an invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FREEZING LIQUIDS WHICH CONTAIN A SUBSTANCE OR
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Allworth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th May 1882.
ALFRED ALLWORTH of the Swiss House, 12 Lyndhurst Road in the Parish of
Camberwell in the County of Surrey IMPROVEMENTS IN FREEZING LIQUIDS
WHICH CONTAIN A SUBSTANCE OR SUBSTANCES IN SOLUTION OR SUSPENSION, AND
IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THIS
PURPOSE
or
In this improved method of freezing Liquids which hold a substance
substances in solution or suspension, a liquid or liquids and a gas or gases, either
with or without another substance or other substances, all being either previously
mixed or not, are forced into an air tight vessel or into a series of such vessels in
which a pressure can be maintained either by keeping the forcing apparatus at
work either constantly or at intervals, or by the disengagement of a gas or gases
in the said vessel or series of vessels or in one or more of the vessels of the said
series or in a separate gas retort or retorts connected with the said vessel
or vessels.
Instead of forcing the liquid or liquids and other substance or substances into
an airtight vessel or vessels, they may be placed in a vessel or vessels at the
ordinary atmospheric pressure, and the vessel or vessels being then hermetically
sealed a pressure of gas may be generated in it or them by the chemical reaction
of the substances used
The liquid holding a substance or substances in solution or suspension being
prepared and under pressure in the vessel or series of vessels, it is then submitted
to the refrigerating action of a freezing mixture or of a freezing machine, pressure

page_text: being all the time maintained in the vessel or series of vessels. When the liquid
is frozen the solid formed will be found to contain the gas and other substance or
substances disseminated through its mass. When the said solid is placed in water
or other beverage it has the effect of cooling the same. At the same time
effervescence is caused by the liberation of the gas. The other substances, if any,
may be essences or salts; and these are also liberated as the solid dissolves, and
flavour the beverage.
In this manufacture a machine or apparatus similar to that used in the manu-
facture of soda-water may be used to force the ingredients of which the frozen
solid is composed into the vessel or vessels in which the said ingredients are to be
frozen; and by means of the said machine or apparatus a pressure can be maintained
in the said vessel or vessels. These vessels are made of such shape that the frozen
solid formed is readily taken from them; and they may be of any desired size and
material; they may also be divided into compartiments.
When small separate vessels are used they may be attached to or placed in a
filling chamber for the purpose of being filled or partly filled with the ingredients
to be frozen, and while the said small vessels are still in or attached to the filling
chamber their contents are frozen by exposure to the action of a freezing mixture
or of a freezing machine The said small vessels with their frozen contents are
then taken from the filling chamber and hermetically sealed. In this condition
they can be conveyed from the manufactory to the consumers, and can be kept for
a considerable time in suitable ice-safes.
One form of small separate vessels filling chamber and freezing apparatus is as
follows-The vessels are tubes closed at one end and formed with an external
flange at the other. The filling chamber is made with holes in its bottom through
which the said tubes can pass and remain suspended by their flanges. Each hole
is provided with an india-rubber collar or other suitable jointing material so that
when the flange of a tube is pressed upon it an airtight joint is made. The tubes
are pressed down upon the jointing material either by means of projections upon
the cover of the filling chamber or in some other suitable way. Beneath or
surrounding the filling chamber is the freezing chamber. The tubes project from
the bottom of the filling chamber into the freezing chamber, where they can be
exposed to the action of a freezing mixture or of a freezing inachine. The filling
chamber is connected with a filling and forcing apparatus such as a soda water
machine. The cover of the filling chamber having been secured in its place and
the joints made air-tight, the said filling and forcing apparatus is set to work, and
the ingredients used are forced into the filling chamber, and find their way by
gravitation into the tubes. A sufficient quantity of the ingredients having been
forced into the filling chamber and tubes, the contents of the said chamber and
tubes are exposed to the action of the freezing apparatus When the contents of
the tubes are frozen the cover is taken from the filling chamber and the tubes are
withdrawn from the holes. A little of the frozen substance can then be removed
from the open end of each tube, and a cork or stopper may be inserted and secured
in its place. The tubes are then stored in ice chambers or icesafes. When it is
desired to use the contents of a tube, the cork or stopper is removed, and the tube
is placed with its open end downwards in the vessel of liquid which it is desired
to cause to effervesce and become cool. The frozen substance extracts heat from
the said liquid, and melts, and the gas disengaged passes through the open end of
the tube into the said liquid.
The advantages of producing a frozen substance of this nature are that as it
dissolves in a beverage it combines effervescence with the ordinary cooling effects
of ice, and that the gases which cause the effervescence are gradually disengaged
so that the effervescence lasts much longer than with ordinary effervescing drinks
in which there is a sudden ebullition of gas which quickly ceases, the beverage
then becoming insipid.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Alfred Allworth in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th November
1882.
ALFRED ALLWORTH of the Swiss House 12 Lyndhurst Road, in the Parish of
Camberwell in the County of Surrey IMPROVEMENTS IN FREEZING LIQUIDS WHICH
CONTAIN A SUBSTANCE OR SUBSTANCES IN SOLUTION OR SUSPENSION AND IN THE
CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THIS
PURPOSE
In this improved method of freezing liquids which hold a substance or substances
in solution or suspension, a liquid or liquids and a gas or gases either with or
without another substance or other substances all being either previously mixed or
not are forced into an airtight vessel or into a series of such vessels in which a
pressure can be maintained either by keeping the forcing apparatus at work either
constantly or at intervals or by disengagement of a gas or gases in the said vessel
or vessels or in one or more of the vessels of the said series or in a separate gas
retort or retorts connected with the said vessel or vessels.
Instead of forcing the liquid or liquids and other substances into an airtight
vessel or vessels they may be placed in a vessel or vessels at the ordinary atmos-
pheric pressure and the vessel or vessels being then hermetically sealed a pressure
of gas may be generated in it or them by the chemical reaction of the substances
used.
The liquid holding a substance or substances in solution or suspension being
prepared and under pressure in the vessel or series of vessels it is then submitted
to the refrigerating action of a freezing mixture or of a freezing machine, pressure
being all the time maintained in the vessel or series of vessels. When the liquid
is frozen the solid formed will be found to contain the gas and other substance or
substances disseminated through its mass when the said solid is placed in water
or other beverage it has the effect of cooling the same At the same time efferves-
cence is caused by the liberation of the gas The other substances if any may be
essences or salts and these are also liberated as the solid dissolves and flavour the
beverage.
In this manufacture a machine or apparatus similar to that used in the manu-
facture of soda water may be used to force the ingredients of which the frozen
solid is to be composed into the vessel or vessels in which the said ingredients are
to be frozen; and by means of the said machine or apparatus a pressure can be
maintained in the said vessel or vessels. These vessels are made of such shape
that the frozen solid formed is readily taken from them and they may be of any
desired size and material, they may also be divided into compartments.
When small separate vessels are used they may be attached to or placed in a
filling chamber for the purpose of being filled or partly filled with the ingredients
to be frozen and while the said small vessels are still in or attached to the filling
chamber their contents are frozen by exposure to the action of a freezing mixture
or of a freezing machine. The said small vessels with their frozen contents are
then taken from the filling chamber and hermetically sealed. In this condition
they can be conveyed from the manufactory to the consumers and can be kept for
a considerable time in suitable ice safes.
One form of small separate vessels filling chamber and freezing apparatus is as
follows:-(See Figs 1. 2. 3. and 4) The vessels are tubes (marked A) closed at
one end and formed with external flange at the other The filling chamber (b) is
made with holes in its bottom through which the said tubes can pass and remain
suspended by their flanges. Each hole is provided with an india rubber collar or
other suitable jointing material so that when the flange of a tube is pressed upon
it an airtight joint is made The tubes are pressed down upon the jointing
material either by means of projections upon the cover of the filling chamber, or
in some other suitable way. Beneath or surrounding the filling chamber is the

page_text: freezing chamber (Marked C) The tubes project from the bottom of the filling
chamber into the freezing chamber where they can be exposed to the action of a
freezing mixture or of a freezing machine The filling chamber is connected with
a filling and forcing apparatus such as a soda water machine The cover of the
filling chamber having been secured in its place and the joints made airtight the
said filling and forcing apparatus is set to work and the ingredients used are
forced into the filling chamber and find their way by gravitation into the tubes
A sufficient quantity of the ingredients having been forced into the filling chamber
and tubes the contents of the said chamber and tubes are exposed to the action of
the freezing apparatus. When the contents of the tubes are frozen the cover is
taken from the filling chamber and the tubes are withdrawn from the holes.
A little of the frozen substance can then be removed from the open end of each
tube and a cork or stopper may be inserted and secured in its place The tubes
are then stored in suitable ice chambers or ice safes. When it is desired to use the
contents of a tube the cork or stopper is removed and the tube is placed with its
open end downwards in the vessel of liquid which it is desired to cause to effervesce
and become cool. The frozen substance extracts beat from the said liquid and
melts and the gas disengaged passes through the open end of the tube into the
said liquid.
The advantages of producing a frozen substance of this nature are that as it
dissolves in a beverage it combines effervescence with the ordinary cooling effects
of ico; and the gases which cause the effervescence are gradually disengaged so
that the effervescence lasts much longer than with ordinary effervescing drinks in
which there is a sudden ebullition of gas which quickly ceases the beverage then
becoming insipid.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING.
Fig. 1 is an elevation and Fig. 2 a plan of a filling chamber with small separate
vessels projecting from its bottom into a freezing chamber. Fig. 3 is an enlarged
part cross section of the same and Fig. 4 is an enlarged part longitudinal section of
the same.
Fig. 5 is a cross section of a vessel into which ingredients can be placed and in
which gas can be generated by the chemical reaction of those ingredients. Fig. 6
is a longitudinal elevation of the same and Fig. 7 is a part plan of the same.
Fig. 8 is a cross section and Fig. 9 a plan (cover removed) of a large separate
vessel into which a considerable quantity of ingredients may be forced to be frozen
The ingredients may either be forced in and a pressure of gas maintained through
a filling pipe from a machine such as that used in the manufacture of soda water;
or, from a vessel similar to that described in Figs 5. 6. and 7 a pressure of gas
may be procured, the other ingredients being first placed in the vessel shown in
Fig. 8.
In all the Figs similar letters designate similar parts.
In Figs 1. 2. 3. and 4, a are small separate tubes of about one and a quarter
inches diameter made of stout glass, or of suitable metal or other substance. They
are closed at one end and have a flange at the other. A ring α, of india-rubber
or or other suitable jointing material is placed round the necks and fits into a
recess in the bottom of filling chamber b. The tubes project into the freezing
chamber c The tubes a are secured in their places by cross bars α, and screws as
The cover b₁ of the filling chamber is kept in its place by means of cross-bars b₂
and screws bs; suitable jointing material b. being used to make a sound joint. By
means of the handles b, the chamber b and tubes a can together be lifted out of the
freezing chamber c when contents are frozen a duplicate chamber b and tubes a
taking their place. It will be observed that an increased internal pressure tends
to tighten both the cover joint b. and the joints α under the tube flanges There
is a fine jet pipe d for ascertaining when a sufficient quantity of ingredients have

page_text: been forced in through the filling pipe e from the forcing apparatus. The vessel
may be exhausted of air before being filled with the ingredients by means of an
air-pump connected at f. The freezing chamber c contains either a freezing
mixture or a very cold solution from a freezing machine made to circulate through
it, c, and c, being the pipes by which the freezing machine is connected.
In Figs 5. 6. and 7 a is the vessel in which the ingredients are placed; b, is the
cover of the same; b. are the cross-bars and b, the screws which keep the cover in
its place; and b, is the jointing material. Attached to the inner side of the cover
is a frame b, divided into compartments These compartments are closed by the
perforated botton b, which is supported and caused to revolve by means of the
spindle and cranked handle b,; the said spindle passing through a stuffing box b
The perforations in be are of such nature as to scrape off and permit to fall
through, portions of any solid such as bicarbonate of soda which may be placed
in the compartments of the frame b. The vessel thus described may either itself
be placed in a freezing apparatus similar to c Figs 1. 2. 3 & 4. or it may be
connected with a filling chamber such as Figs 1. 2. 3 and 4 by means of a pipe;
in which case certain of the ingredients would be put into 6 which would then be
closed; and then gas would be generated in the vessel a Figs 5. 6. and 7. and
allowed to enter b. Figs 1. 2. 3 and 4
In Figs 8 and 9 a is the vessel in which the ingredients are frozen: b, is the cover;
62 the cross bars, and b, the screws for securing the cover; and b, is the joint. The
jet d gives notice when the vessel is filled with liquid to the neck a. The object of
this neck is to allow the block of frozen solid to be of less diameter than the opening
to the vessel a which is formed so as to allow of a cover with the joint so arranged
that increased internal pressure tightens the joint The vessel is connected with
the filling and forcing apparatus by means of the pipe e and can be exhausted of
air by means of an air-pump connected at f. The interior of a may if desired be
furnished with trays divided into compartments; or it may be filled with small
separate vessels similar to those marked a Figs 1. 2. 3 and 4, which trays or vessels
will fill by gravitation. The frozen mass with trays or vessels imbedded being
taken out the trays with their contents can be stored in an ice safe or the vessels
may be separated and hermetically sealed as in the case hereinbefore described
with reference to Figs 1. 2, 3 and 4
Having now described the nature of my said Invention and the manner in
which the same may be performed, I would have it understood that I do not limit
myself to the precise details herein described, as the same may be varied without
departing from the nature of my Invention; and that I claim :-
1st The method of freezing liquids which contain a substance or substances in
solution or suspension substantially as hereinbefore described.
2nd The application of the various apparatus and combinations of apparatus
hereinbefore described to the purpose of freezing liquids which contain a substance
or substances in solution or suspension
In Witness whereof I the said Alfred Allworth have hereunto set my hand
and seal this tenth day of November in the year of our Lord one thousand
ndard rod night
Witness
THOS WILKINS
Patent Agent
19 Lyndhurst Road
Peckham, London S.E.
ALFRED ALLWORTH.-(L.S.)