Improvements in Calculating Machines.
Year: 1889

page_text: Improvements in Calculating Machines.
I LÉON BOLLÉE of Mans (Sarthe) France, Engineer do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved calculating machine; and it consists in the
application to such machines of a material embodiment of all the figures of one or
more ready reckoners by means of calculating mechanism provided with projections
or hollows. By material embodiment" is meant that each of the figures thus inscribed
is capable of imparting to its corresponding registering mechanism a movement of
value corresponding to such figure. If there are several ready reckoners upon the
same calculator, the latter is so disposed as to be capable of being immediately placed
in relation with the registering mechanism, for example the 7th number of the 9th
ready reckoner. I will give as examples the most general case, viz. -that in which
the ready reckoners are arithmetical progressions. The calculating machines hereto-
fore known have no ready reckoners so that in order to register thereon the 7th term
of the arithmetical progression having 9 as ratio and first term it is necessary to
calculate the preceding terms by adding seven times the ratio 9.
therefore, possesses a great advantage over others of the kind as the ready reckoner
This machine
contains the calculation ready made which the machine simply registers. It may
happen in certain cases that a large number of ready reckoners would be required
on the same calculator and to avoid the necessity of making the latter of large
dimensions a number of calculators of smaller size would be combined so as to
produce the same results. As such a complicated arrangement would include those
of the simplest kind, it will be sufficient to here describe one example only to facilitate
the comprehension of the system, as applied to a machine for producing as a funda-
mental operation multiplication up to as many as ten figures in the multiplicand.
In order to obtain the product of a number of this extent by any multiplier, it
would be necessary when employing but one calculator for it to bear 10 milliards
less a progression of ten terms each commencing at zero and having an arithmetical
ratio varying from unity for the first up to 10 milliards less 1 for the last.
single calculator is replaced on the present system by ten calculators of very restricted
dimensions which combine to produce the same result.
following description, each of the ready reckoners which becomes an actual multipli-
As will be seen from the
ation table is composed of 10 first terms of 9 arithmetical progressions
commencing at zero and whose ratios vary from 1 for the first to 9 for the second
eru.
This
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this
Specification, wherein Figure 1 is a perspective view of the front of the machine.
Figure 2 is a plan partly in section taken on different planes, and Figure 3 a transverse
ertical section taken through the axis of the handle of the calculating apparatus.
Figures 4 and 5 are views of opposite ends of the machine. The same letters, or
roups of letters, of reference represent the same parts in all the figures.
GENERAL MECHANISM AND DESCRIPTION OF THE SECONDARY PARTS.
E base plate from which rise two standards F F fixed parallel to each other,
hich support the receiver C and the two horizontal bars G G¹ which are traversed
the rack-bars B together constituting the transmitter.
aversed by a shaft H upon the left hand end of which are keyed the crank
The uprights F F are
andle H, gear wheel Hb, and disc He and at the right band end the grooved
rum Hd (see Figure 1) A, calculator carried upon hollow rails I a 1b connected at
heir extremities by cross-bars I e Id of form which are connected at ton hv ♥
Alries A1

page_text: cross-bar Ie bymeans of screws and nuts. The frame formed by the bars I a, I b‚Ic, Id,
is fitted in the four guides E a, Eb, Ec, Ed, placed at the four angles of the base plate
and in two other guides Fa, Fa, at the top of the uprights F, F'. At the rear of
the machine is a shaft If turning in bearings Ee, Ef, upon whose ends are keyed two
levers I J: Eh, from which are suspended by means of connecting rods Ii.I j,the cross-
bars Ic, Id; The lever I g also carries a friction roller Ik which runs in a groove in
disc Hc, so that on said roller being carried in a vertical direction by the disc H c,
the bars Ia, Ib, will be raised parallel to one another and to the same height. Fa
is a slide upon which is mounted an intermediate wheel which transmits the motion
of wheel H to a pinion Da of half its diameter keyed on shaft D 6 of the carrying
over mechanism; J, K, handles for returning the receiver dials to zero. L travelling
tape for placing the decimal point and reading the result.
The principal parts of the machine are the calculator A, transmitter B, receiver C,
and carrying-over mechanism D, to which may be added the handles J, K, for
resetting to zero, and the tape L.
The calculator A consists of a plate having ten slots serving as guides for ten
calculating plates A sliding on said plate, two vertical faces Ac, Ad, two sides A c,A f
plate A g, eleven plates A h ten of which are notched and numbered from 1 to 9, two
guides Ai, A'i, rollers Aj, A' upon which the calculator is supported, cross
bar Ak, stepped slider A which I term a decimal pointer and multiplying crank
handle Am, rotating over a dial An having ten notches for traversing the calculator
along the bars Ia, Ib, by means of pinion A o gearing in rack Ia, in the present
example, each division of the dial corresponding to a movement of ths millimetres,
and a complete revolution of the dial to 33 millimetres. G is a cross bar having
teeth on its rear face with a pitch of 3ths millimetres, the part Ap also being
similarly toothed. If the crank handle A m is not exactly in a division of the dial,
the teeth of Ap will abut against the teeth of G and prevent the calculator rising,
and similarly the teeth when geared together prevent the horizontal displacement of
the calculator, thus avoiding any danger of damaging the rack rods of transmitter B.
The action of all these parts will be hereinafter described.
The transmitter B is composed of sixty steel rods of rectangular section, arranged
in three rows Ba, Bb, Bc, forming 20 groups distant 33 millimetres from each other.
The rods of row B have rack teeth Ba¹ on the right hand side, and those of
row B being also similarly toothed on the right hand side, while the row Be have
their teeth on the left hand side. The pitch of the rack teeth is three millimetres.
Each of the rods is provided with a stop B, B2, B3 to prevent their descending
too far. The calculating plates A like the groups of rods of the transmitter are
placed 33 millimetres apart from centre to centre and theyare composed of a plate A. 61
and spring pressed lever A 2 which serves to place and retain them in the notches of
plates A. h. The plates A are provided with pins, whose positions and lengths are
determined in the following manner. The lever of one plate is placed in the notch 1
and the crank handle A m is also placed in notch 1, the product indicated by these
two notches being 1: then place beneath the rod Bb a pin equal to the pitch of the
rack on said rod, no pin being placed under rod Be as the product has no figures to
carry over. Then turn the handle to notch 2, the product being 2x1-2, and place
a pin of twice the length of the first beneath Bb and no pin under Be.
When the whole row has been thus placed, the lever is placed in notch 2 and the
crank handle moved successively into the notches 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 at same
time placing under rod Bb pins of lengths proportionate to 2, 4, 6, 8, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8,
that is to say to the units of the products of 2 by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. 6. 7. 8. 9 respectively,
and under ro Be pius of lengths proportional to 000011111 which represent
the figures of these same products to be carried forward. Similarly for the other
JOWS. In this manner a true ready reckoner is obtained which is a material
embodiment of the multiplication table.
The stepped lug A 7 comprising a slider adjustable along the notched bar Ak bearing
a stepped piece at back which can be fixed above any one of the calculating plates.
The different heights of the steps correspond, starting from the left hand, to

page_text: rising with the whole calculator push up the rack rod B to a height corresponding
,,, that is to say when handle A m is at 7 the stepped lug will
seven of its steps.
:
The receiver C is composed of a frame Ca provided with sight apertures and t
5 cross bars Cb, Cc. connected by plates Cd. The parts Ca Cd are traversed by thre
rows of superposed shafts Ce. Cf. g. each twenty in number and placed at a horizont
distance of 38 millimetres from each other.
Jug Ce 1, a ten toothed pinion Ce 2 loose thereon, a fixed collar Ce 3 and a fixe
Upon each shaft Ce is placed
arm Ce 4.
On one of the shafts Cf are mounted a ten toothed pinion Cf 1, two o
10 the teeth being removed, a pin Cfe fixed on said pinion, a ten toothed pinion Cf
gearing with pinion Ce 2, a cam Cf 4, a ten toothed pinion Cf 5, a ten toothed sta
wheel Cf 6, a dial Cf 7. bearing the figures 0 to 9 and a stud Cf 8. Upon one
shaft Cy is an eleven toothed pinion Cg 1 from which two teeth have been removed,
a pin C 2 mounted on said pinion, an eleven toothed pinion Cg 3, an eleven
15 toothed star wheel Cg 4, a dial Cg 5 bearing two numerations in reverse order
composed of ten figures, and a blank division and a stud Cy 6.
When a dial Cf 7 passes from 9 to 0 or from 0 to 9, the cam C/ 4 forces back
the shaft C on its left hand by hearing upon the double incline of spring Ch placed
between the two shafts, which spring in receding carries with it the armi Ce 4 fixed,
0 on axis Ce.
Upon the cross bar C1 are fixed jumpers for retaining the star wheels Cf 6 Cg 4.
C) friction springs for retaining shafts Ce.
F, F, F. Fe are pins fixed in the end standards F, F', upon which the
receiver is carried and capable of sliding longitudinally thereon. This latter is
provided with an axis Ck upon which is mounted a fork C7 whose two limbs carry
friction rollers Cm. Cn, one or other of which limbs is engaged in the grooves
of drum Hd, and is there retained by
of the notches marked + or
a lever Co which is held in one or other
being symmetrical and inverse in direction, it follows that if by a given rotation
as the case may be. The two grooves of the drum
of the drum, the receiver is moved to the left when the lever is in notch +, a similar
rotation will move it to the right when the lever is in notch
-
The carrying forward device D herein before referred to is arranged as follows:-
The shaft D on which is keyed the pinion Da transmits thereto in the ratio
of 2 to 1 the rotary motion of gear wheel H.
placed that each haswith regard to its left hand neighbour (distant therefrom 33 milli-
The shaft Db carries 20 cams De so
metres) an angular advance of 4° 30. Each cam acts on a lever De which oscillates
on a pivot Df working in notches in the cross bar Dg, each lever being provided
with a lateral tooth or lug De 1 which on the lever being depressed by the cam passes
behind the pinions Ce2 if they are in the forward position or engages therewith and
otates them one tooth if they are in the rearward position.
Before the lever rises a nib De 1 upon the cam strikes the lug Ce 1 and moves
i forwards, if not already in that position, after which the lever is free to rise.
As the mechanisms J and K for returning the upper and lower dials to zero are
imilar I will only describe one of them. This mechanism consists of a hand lever K
xed to a sleeve Ka which is capable of sliding longitudinally and turning upon two
ins F, Fd, fixed on the side frames of the machine.
The sleeve Kis provided with arms Kb carrying a rack Ke and bar Kd which
free to rise with the rack when the handlever K is moved backwards but is
evented from moving horizontally with said rack if the hand lever is moved
ngitudinally.
The bar K is provided with small pins so arranged that when the bar is raised
d the gaps in pinions Cg 1 are downwards (the dials Cg 5 being then at zero)
e pins will abut against the left hand face of pins C ge, which are also
wnwards.
Thus in order to return the dials C 5 to zero when held in any position, it is
aply necessary to raise the rack and move the hand lever K. from right to left.
pinions are caused to turn so long as the teeth are in gear with rack K •

page_text: out of gear when the gap comes downwards. At this moment the small pins of
bar Kabut against the pins Cg 2 and retain the dials, which are now at zero.
then returning and lowering the rack, the pinions are again free to turn.
On
The travelling band L placed above the apertures in the receiver, is starting from
the decimal point divided into sets of three figures, each bearing the name of
the set.
One revolution of the crank handle Ha may be considered as divided into nine
parts in each of which the principal organs perform one function.
(1) The receiver whose lever is placed in notch + is moved to the right by gearing
the teeth of pinions Cf 5 in the rack Be of the transmitter.
(2) The calculator is raised by pushing up the rack rods of the transmitter to
distances corresponding to the heights of the parts in contact. The rod Ba raised
by the stepped lug and the rods Bb (representing the units of the product of the
number denoted by the calculating plates by the figure placed on the multiplying
crank) rise without producing any action; the racks Be which alone are in gear
and which represent the carrying over figures of the product rotate the upper
dials to an extent corresponding to the number of teeth which they are raised.
(3) The receiver is placed slightly to the right of its mid position.
(4) The levers De engage and rotate to the extent of one tooth, those of the
pinions Ce 2 (which are on their left hand) which have been moved back.
(5) The receiver is shifted entirely to the left, causing pinious Cf 5 and Cg 3
to gear with racks B and B which were raised free and held in the raised position
by the calculator.
(6) The calculator redescends and the racks are lowered by the cross bar le so
as to rotate the dials the number of divisions they have been raised. The rods B c
heing free, no longer act.
(7) The receiver returns a little to the right of its mid position.
(8) The levers De carry over any figures which may have to be carried
forward.
(9) The receiver places itself exactly in the centre which was its original
position.
If the receiver lever is placed in notch-the same actions will take place but
all the left hand positions of the receiver will be transferred to the right, so that
those racks which were in gear in rising will also he in gear in descending, and the
pinions Ce 2 which were geared by the levers I on their right, will be geared
by the levers which are on their left. The receiving dials thus turn in the
reverse direction to the previous case and as when turning in the first direction
the numeration increases in the other direction it diminishes. Thus for example
to multiply 95648 by 638; the levers A of the calculating plates are placed
in the notches of the figures corresponding respectively to those of the number
956 48 care being taken to place the slider carrying the stepped lug above the
figure of the units, after which the multiplying crank is placed sucressively
in the notches Nos. 6. 3, S, corresponding to the figures of the multiplicand,
passing over zero between each stoppage and moving it in the direction of the
arrow in figure 2. After each stoppage, the crank handle H a is moved one turn.
The product 61023424 is indicated on the upper dials at the same time that 638
is recorded on the lower ones. The tape L is then moved so as to bring the decimal
point to the right of the 8 of the figures 638 and the result is thus immediately
found divided into groups of three figures, in integers and decimals of which the
names may be read off from the tape. The result is in this case 610 thousand,
234 units, 240 thousandths.
Addition is only a special instance of multiplication contrary to what takes place
in other machines. A number is considered as its product by i so that if the calcu-
lating plates are adjusted successively to certain numbers leaving the multiplying
handle at 1, and the handle H a be turned each time, the machine will produce the
sum of these products and consequently of the numbers themselves. If the receiver
lever is in the negative notch, the products instead of being added will be subtracted

page_text: 5
indicated.
previously recorded on the machine and the difference will b
Division is but multiplication reversed that is to say worked from the negative
notch.
As regards other operations such as involution or evolution etc., they are obtained
by suitably combining the four fundamental rules of arithmetic.
The manner of operating the calculating plates for the purpose of recording a
product forms a special feature of the Invention." When two of the levers A 2 of these
plates are placed in the notches so as to form for example the number 96 and the
multiplying crank is on S, the 8th term of the 6th progression of one plate and that
of the 9th progression of the other plate are in correspondence with the transmitters,
as the sum of the tens of the first of these two terms is indicated on the same dial
as that of the units of the second term, hence it follows that the two plates produce the
same effect as would one containing 99 progressions of which the Sth term of the 96th
progression is used.
ready reckoners instead of being arranged upon flat surfaces, as described, may be
It will be evident that the pius representing the figures of the
placed in any order and upon any suitable surfaces. The figures of the same number
and the terms of the same progression need not necessarily be upon the same calculator,
it being sufficient that in the several positions which they occupy they shall act on the
same receiver in proportion equal to the value which they represent.
The calculators instead of being shifted to a definite extent in order to move the
transmitters variable distances may be connected to the latter and be moved together
herewith to a greater or less extent according to the height of the pins by means of
part having a given rising motion. Instead of the pins communicating motion, they
may act as stops to arrest a part in motion. The employment of transmitters disposed
etween the calculator and the receiver is entirely immaterial with this system of ready
eckoners, as they are not indispensable, and the rows of pins may be replaced by
rfaces bearing at the point occupied by each pin. a number of teeth corresponding
the number represented by said pin. It is in fact the pin itself which bears the
eth of its transmitter and if under these conditions the dials of results be geared
rectly with these surfaces they will be moved to a suitable extent whether a rectilinear,
tary, curved, compound, intermittent, or other movement be imparted thereto.
ording to the form of surface employed.
In certain cases the transmitters may be provided with escapements or be worked
etrically, the teeth acting as cams or contacts.
n the machines described the calculating plates only have 9 progressions of 10 terms
the receiving dials 10 divisions, owing to its being intended for the employment
he decimal system but if the machine is to be used for making calculations upon
other system of numeration, such as degrees, minutes, and seconds, the number of
ressions, terms, and the divisions of the receiving dials would be modified to suit
ould also the details consequent on these changes.
Dated this 22nd day of October 1889
S
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Calculating Machines.
I, LEON BOLLÉE of Mans (Sarthe) France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement: -
My Invention relates to an improved calculating machine; and it consists in the
application to such machines of a material embodiment of all the figures of one or
more ready reckoners by means of calculating mechanism provided with projections or.
hollows. By "material embodiment" is meant that each of the figures thus inscribed
is capable of imparting to its corresponding registering mechanism a movement of

page_text: value corresponding to such figure. If there are several ready reckoners upon the
same calculator, the latter is so disposed as to be capable of being immediately placed
in relation with the registering mechanism, for example the 7th number of the 9th
ready reckoner. I will give as examples the most general case, viz. that in which
the ready reckoners are arithmetical progressions. The calculating machines hereto-
fore known have no ready reckoners so that in order to register thereon the 7th term
of the arithmetical progression having 9 as ratio and first term it is necessary to
calculate the preceding terms by adding seven times the ratio 9. This machine
therefore, possesses a great advantage over others of the kind as the ready reckoner
contains the calculation ready made which the machine simply registers. It may
happen in certain cases that a large number of ready reckoners would be required on
the same calculator and to avoid the necessity of making the latter of large dimensions
a number of calculators of smaller size would be combined so as to produce the same
results. As such a complicated arrangement would include those of the simplest kind,
it will be sufficient to here describe one example only to facilitate the comprehension
of the system, as applied to a machine for producing as a fundamental operation
multiplication up to as many as ten figures in the multiplicand. In order to obtain
the product of a number of this extent by any multiplier, it would be necessary when
employing but one calculator for it to bear 10 milliards less a progression of ten terms
each commencing at zero and having an arithmetical ratio varying from unity for the
first up to 10 milliards less 1 for the last. This single calculator is replaced on the
present system by ten calculators of very restricted dimensions which combine to
produce the same result. As will be seen from the following description, each of the
ready reckoners which becomes an actual multiplication table is composed of 10 first
terms of 9 arithmetical progressions commencing at zero and whose ratios vary from
1 for the first to 9 for the second term.
Reference is to be had to the drawings, accompanying my Provisional Specification,
wherein
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the front of the machine.
Figure 2 is a plan partly in section taken on different planes, and
Figure 3 a transverse vertical section taken through the axis of the handle of the
calculating apparatus.
Figures 4 and 5 are views of opposite ends of the machine.
The same letters, or groups of letters, of reference represent the same parts in all the
figures.
GENERAL MECHANISM AND DESCRIPTION OF THE SECONDARY PARTS.
E base plate from which rise two standards F1 fixed parallel to each other, which
support the receiver C and the two horizontal bars G G which are traversed by the
rack-bars B together constituting the transmitter. The uprights F F are traversed
by a shaft H upon the left hand end of which are keyed the crank handle Ha, gear
wheel Hb, and disc He and at the right hand end the grooved drum Hd (see
figure 1). A calculator carried upon hollow rails IIb connected at their extremities
by cross-bars I e Id of 1 form which are connected at top by a cross-bar Ie by means
of screws and nuts. The frame formed by the bars Ia, Ib. Ie, Id, is fitted in the
four guides Ea, Eb, Ee, Ed, placed at the four angles of the base plate and in two
other guides Fa, Fa, at the top of the uprights F. F. At the rear of the machine is
a shaft If turning in bearings Ee, Ef, upon whose ends are keyed two levers I g, I h,
from which are suspended by means of connecting rods Ii, Ij, the cross-bars Ic, I d.
The lever I g also carries a friction roller I k which runs in a groove in dise Hc, so
that on said roller being carried in a vertical direction by the disc He, the bars I a, I b,
will be raised parallel to one another and to the same height. Fa is a slide upon
which is mounted an intermediate wheel which transmits the motion of wheel Hb to a
pinion Da of half its diameter keyed on shaft D7 of the carrying over mechanism:
J. K. handles for returning the receiver dials to zero. L travelling tape for placing
the decimal point and reading the result.
The principal parts of the machine are the calculator A. transmitter B, receiver C,

page_text: resetting to zero, and the tape L.
, to which may be added the handles J. K, 1
The calculator A consists of a plate having ten slots serving as guides for t
calculating plates A sliding on said plate, two vertical faces A, Ad, two sides Ac, A
5 plate Ag. eleven plates Ah ten of which are notched and numbered from 1 to 9, tv
guides A, A, rollers Aj, Aupon which the calculator is supported, cro
Dar Ak, stepped slider A, which term a decimal pointer and multiplying cran
handle Am, rotating over à dial
along the bars 1a, 1b, by means of pinion A o
n having ten notches for traversing the calculat
10 example, each division of the dial corresponding to a movement of ths millimetres
gearing in rack 1 in the prese
and a complete revolution of the dial to 333 millimetres.
on its rear face with a pitch of 33ths millimetres, the part A
toothed. If the crank handle A m is not exactly in a division of the dial, the teet
G is a cross bar having teet
of A p will abut against the teeth of G and prevent the calculator rising, and similarly
I' also being similarl
5 the teeth when geared together prevent the horizontal displacement of the calculator
thus avoiding any danger of damaging the rack rods of transmitter B. The action of
all these parts will be hereinafter described.
0
The transmitter B is composed of sixty steel rods of rectangular section, arranged
in three rows Ba. Bb. Be, forming 20 groups distant 33 millimetres from each other.
The rods of row Ba have rack teeth Bon the right hand side, and those of row B
being also similarly toothed on the right hand side, while the row Be have their teeth
on the left hand side. The pitch of the rack teeth is three millimetres. Each of the
rods is provided with a stop Ba³, Bb². Be² to prevent their descending too far.
calculating plates A like the groups of rods of the transmitter are placed
33 millimetres apart from centre to centre and they are composed of a plate Ab' and
The
spring pressed lever A 2 which serves to place and retain them in the notches of
plates Ah. The plates A are provided with pins, whose positions and length are
determined in the following manner.
and the crank handle Am is also placed in notch 1, the product indicated by these
The lever of one plate is placed in the notch 1
two notches being 1: then place beneath the rod B6 a pin equal to the pitch of the
rack on said rod, no pin being placed under rod Be as the product has no figures to
carry over. Then turn the handle to notch 2. the product being 2×1=2, and place
a pin of twice the length of the first beneath Bb and no pin under Bc.
When the whole row has been thus placed, the lever is placed in notch 2 and the
crank handle moved successively into the notches 1. 2. 3. 4. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 at same time
placing under rod Bb pins of lengths proportionate to 2, 4, 6, 8, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, that is
to say to the units of the products of 2 by 1. 2. 3. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 respectively, and
under rod Be pins of lengths proportional to 000011111 which represent the
figures of these same products to be carried forward. Similarly for the other rows.
In this manner a true ready reckoner is obtained which is a material embodiment of
the multiplication table.
で
The stepped lug A comprises a slider adjustable along the notched bar Ak bearing
stepped piece at back which can be fixed above any one of the calculating plates..
The different heights of the steps correspond, starting from the left hand, to 1.2.3.4.5,
. 7, 8, 9. that is to say when handle A m is at 7 the stepped lug will in rising with
he whole calculator push up the rack rod Ba to a height corresponding to seven-
f its steps.
The receiver C is composed of a frame Ca provided with sight apertures and two
oss hars Cb, Ce, connected by plates Cd. The parts Ca Cd are traversed by three
ws of superposed shafts C. Cf. Cg. each twenty in number and placed at a
orizontal distance of 33 millimetres from each other. I'pon each shaft Ce is placed.
lug Ce 1. a fen toothed pinion Ce 2 loose thereon, a fixed collar Ce3 and a fixed
Cet. On one of the shafts Cf are mounted a ten toothed pinion C/1. two of
e teeth being removed, a pin Cf2 fixed on said pinion, a ten toothed pinion Cf 8
aring with pinion Ce2, a cam Cƒ 4. a ten toothedpinion C/5, a ten toothed star
eel CG, a dial C/7, bearing the figures 0 to 9 and a stud C/S. Upon one
ft Cg is an eleven toothed pinion Cg1 from which two teeth have been removed,,

page_text: a pin Cg 2 mounted on said pinion, an eleven toothed pinion Cg3, an eleven toothed
star wheel Cg4, a dial Cg5 bearing two numerations in reverse order composed of
ten figures, and a blank division and a stud. Cg G.
When a dial Cf 7 passes from 9 to 0 or from 0 to 9, the cam Cf 4 forces back the
shaft Ce on its left hand by bearing upon the double incline of spring Ch placed
between the two shafts, which spring in receding carries with it the arm Ce fixed
on axis Ce.
Upon a cross bar are fixed jumpers for retaining the star wheels Cf6 Cg4.
C friction springs for retaining shafts Ce.
F6, F. Fc, Fe are pins fixed in the end standards F. F', upon which the
receiver is carried and capable of sliding longitudinally thereon. This latter is
provided with an axis Ck upon which is mounted a fork C7 whose two limbs carry
friction rollers Cm, Cn. one or other of which limbs is engaged in the grooves of
drum Hd, and is there retained by a lever C, which is held in one or other of the
notches marked + or - as the case may be. The two grooves of the drum being
symmetrical and inverse in direction, it follows that if by a given rotation of the drum,
the receiver is moved to the left when the lever is in notch +. a similar rotation will
move it to the right when the lever is in notch
The carrying forward device D herein before referred to is arranged as follows:-
The shaft D on which is keyed the pinion Da transmits thereto in the ratio of 2
to the rotary motion of gear wheel Hb. The shaft D6 carries 20 cams De so
placed that each has with regard to its left hand neighbour (distant therefrom
33 millimetres) an angular advance of 4º 31. Each cam acts on a lever De which
oscillates on a pivot Df working in notches in the cross bar Dg. each lever being
provided with a lateral tooth or lug De1 which on the lever being depressed by the
cam passes behind the pinions Ce2 if they are in the forward position or engages
therewith and rotates them one tooth if they are in the rearward position.
Before the lever rises a nib Del upon the cam strikes the lug Cel and moves it
forward, if not already in that position, after which the lever is free to rise.
As the mechanisms J and K for returning the upper and lower dials to zero are
similar I will only describe one of them. This mechanism consists of a handlever K
fixed to a sleeve Ka which is capable of sliding longitudinally and turning upon two
pins F, F, fixed on the side frames of the machine.
The sleeve K is provided with arms Kb carrying a rack Ke and bar K which
is free to rise with the rack when the hand lever K is moved backwards but is
prevented from moving horizontally with said rack if the hand lever is moved
longitudinally.
The bar K is provided with small pins so arranged that when the bar is raised and
the gaps in pinions Cg1 are downwards (the dials Cg5 being then at zero) the pins
will abut against the left hand face of pins Cg 2, which are also downwards.
Thus in order to return the dials Cg5 to zero when held in any position, it is simply
necessary to raise the rack and move the handlever K from right to left. The
pinions are caused to turn so long as the teeth are in gear with rack K, but are out
of gear when the gap comes downwards. At this moment the small pins of bar K
abut against the pins Cg 2 and retain the dials, which are now at zero.
returning and lowering the rack, the pinions are again free to turn.
On then
The travelling band L placed above the apertures in the receiver, is starting
from the decimal point divided into sets of three figures, each bearing the name of
the set.
One revolution of the crank handle Ha may be considered as divided into nine
parts in each of which the principal orgaus perform one function.
(1) The receiver whose lever is placed in notch + is moved to the right gearing
the teeth of pinions Of 5 in the racks Be of the transmitter.
(2) The calculator is raised pushing up the rack rods of the transmitter to distances
corresponding to the heights of the parts in contact. The rod Ba raised by the
stepped lug and the rods Bb (representing the units of the product of the number
denoted by the calculating plates by the figure placed on the multiplying crank) rise

page_text: 5
0
wemg any action; the racks Be which alone are in gear and which
represent the carrying over figures of the product rotate the upper dials to an extent
corresponding to the number of teeth which they are raised.
(3) The receiver is placed slightly to the right of its mid position.
(4) The levers De engage and rotate to the extent of one tooth, those of the
pinions Ce2 (which are on their left hand) which have been moved back.
(5) The receiver is shifted entirely to the left, causing pinions C/5 and Cy3 to
gear with racks Bb and Ba which were raised free and held in the raised position
by the calculator.
(6) The calculator redescends and the racks are lowered by the cross bar Ie so as
to rotate the dials the number of divisions they have been raised. The rods Bo being
free, no longer act.
(7) The receiver returns a little to the right of its mid position.
-
(8) The levers De carry over any figures which may have to be carried forward.
(9) The receiver places itself exactly in the centre which was its original position.
If the receiver lever is placed in notch-
the left hand positions of the receiver will be transferred to the right, so that those
the same actions will take place but all
racks which were in gear in rising will also be in gear in descending, and the
pinions Ce2 which were geared by the levers De on their right, will be geared by,
the levers which are on their left.
direction to the previous case and as when turning in the first direction the
The receiving dials thus turn in the reverse
numeration increases in the other direction it diminishes.
multiply 956 48 by 638; the levers A of the calculating plates are placed in the
Thus for example to
notches of the figures corresponding respectively to those of the number 956-48 care
being taken to place the slider carrying the stepped lug above the figure 6 of the
units, afterwhich the multiplying crank is placed successively in the notches Nos.6,3,8,
corresponding to the figures of the multiplier passing over
stoppage and moving it in the direction of the arrow in figure 2.
the crank handle Ha is moved one turn. The product 61023424 is indicated on the
zero between each
After each stoppage,
upper dials at the same time that 638 is recorded on the lower ones.
hen moved so as to bring the decimal point to the right of the 8 of the figure 638
and the result is thus immediately found divided into groups of three figures, in
The tape Lis
ntegers and decimals of which the names may be read off from the tape. The result
s in this case 610 thousand, 234 units, 240 thousandths,
Addition is only a special instance of multiplication contrary to what takes place
other machines. A number is considered as its product by 1 so that if the calcu-
ting plates are adjusted successively to certain numbers leaving the multiplying
andle at 1. and the handle H be turned each time, the machine will produce the
m of these products and consequently of the numbers themselves. If the receiver
ver is in the negative notch, the products instead of being added will be subtracted
om a number previously recorded on the machine and the difference will be
dicated.
Division is but multiplication reversed that is to say worked from the negative
tch.
As regards other operations such as involution or evolution etc., they are obtained
suitably combining the four fundamental rules of arithmetic.
The manner of operating the calculating plates for the purpose of recording a
duct forms a special feature of the Invention. When two of the levers A b² of
se plates are placed in the notches so as to form for example the number 96 and
multiplying crank is on S, the Sth term of the 6th progression of one plate and
t of the 9th progression of the other plate are in correspondence with the trans-
fers, as the sum of the tens of the first of these two terms is indicated on the
e dial as that of the units of the second term, hence it follows that the two plates
luce the same effect as would one containing 99 progressions of which the 8th term
he 96th progression is used.
res of the ready reckoners instead of being arranged upon flat surfares, as
It will be evident that the pins representing the
ribed, may be placed in any order and upon any suitable surfaces. The figures

page_text: of the same number and the terms of the same progression need not necessarily be
upon the same calculator, it being sufficient that in the several positions which they
occupy they shall act on the same receiver in proportion equal to the value which they
represent.
The calculators instead of being shifted to a definite extent in order to move the
fransmitters variable distances may be connected to the latter and be moved together
therewith to a greater or less extent according to the height of the pins by means of
a part having a given rising motion. Instead of the pins communicating motion,
they may act as stops to arrest a part in motion. The employment of transmitters
disposed between the calculator and the receiver is entirely immaterial with this
system of ready reckoners, as they are not indispensable, and the rows of pins may
be replaced by surfaces bearing at the point occupied by each pin, a number of teeth
corresponding to the number represented by said pin. It is in fact the pin itself
which bears the teeth of its transmitter and if under these conditions the dials of
results be geared directly with these surfaces they will be moved to a suitable extent
whether a rectilinear, rotary, curved, compound, intermittent, or other movement be
imparted thereto according to the form of surface employed.
In certain cases the transmitters may be provided with escapements or be worked
electrically, the teeth acting as eams or contacts.
In the machine described, the calculating plates only have 9 progressions of
10 terms and the receiving dials 10 divisions, owing to its being intended for the
employment of the decimal system but if the machine is to be used for making
calculations upon any other system of numeration, such as degrees, minutes, and
seconds, the number of progressions, terms, and the divisions of the receiving dials
would be modified to suit as would also the details consequent on these changes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed. I declare that what I
claim is
1st. The application to a calculating machine of the material embodiment of ready
reckoners for the purpose mainly of enabling the term of a progression to be at once
recorded without the necessity of calculating the preceding terms, substantially as
described.
2nd. The application to a calculating machine of the material embodiment of a
ready reckoner representing a multiplication table of indefinite length, substantially
as described.
3rd. The employment, in a calculating machine, of a compound transmitter for each
dial instead of a single transmitter in order to enable the effects of several small tables
to be combined.
4th. In a calculating machine, the mechanism for operating the dials by means of
transmitters and pins acting thereon, as described.
5th. In a calculating machine, the employment of a calculator consisting of a
carriage having a longitudinal sliding motion,as herein beforedescribed andrepresented
in the drawings.
6th. In a calculating machine, the means for effecting the automatic horizontal
movement of the receiver mechanism which puts the transmitters in and out of gear
and also enables the dials to turn in both directions.
7th. In a calculating machine. the means of operating pinions C by means of
levers De for starting and stopping the motion and preventing momentum.
8th. In a calculating machine, the employment of a shifting stepped slider upon the
calculator capable of being brought into a position corresponding to that of the
decimal point relatively to the units of the multiplicand and of producing an indication
upon the receiver of the units of the multiplier above those of the products.
9th. In a calculating machine. the employment of an endless tape or movable
decimal point, as described with reference to figure 1.
10th. In a calculating machine, the means for returning the parts to zero with pin
bar for preventing the motion of the receivers.

page_text: 11th. A calculating machine, the essential features of which consists in the
ombination
(a) Of a movable calculator composed of calculating plates or elements, as
described.
(b) Of a transmitter composed of rack rods for operating the pinions and dials,
as described.
(c) Of a receiver with special mechanism for the figures carried over all as
hereinbefore described and illustrated in the drawings.
Dated this 1st day of lulu, 1000
L. BOLLEE.
By A. M. & Wm. Clark.
53, Chancery Lane, London, Patent Agents.