Printing Telegraphs.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Mar., 1892-Accepted. 16th Apr., 1892
⚫ Printing Telegraphs.
I, EDWARD JENNINGS SILKMAN, Stenographer, a citizen of the United States,
residing at No. 2001 North Calvert Street, Baltimore City, in the State of Mary-
land, U.S.A., do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
My invention more especially relates to page-printing telegraphs in which two
duplicate electrically-actuated type-writing machines are so organized that the
transmitting operator can simultaneously duplicate the message at his own and at
the receiving station, by means of a single connecting line-wire.
The principal object of my invention is to provide a simple and effective
apparatus which insures the duplication on the receiver of the character trans-
mitted without the possibility of error. This end I attain by certain novel
organizations of instrumentalities hereinafter designated in the claims, relating
more especially to the motors which actuate the transmitting and reproducing
mechanism; their synchronizing and circuit-controlling apparatus; the printer-
actuating mechanism, and the type-wheel controlling mechanism..
To carry out the objects of my invention, I preferably arrange the characters
to be printed upon the perimeter of a type-wheel adapted to rotate and to traverse
both laterally and longitudinally, relatively to its platen or printing-cylinder. A
series of finger-keys or key-levers carry stops which, when properly actuated,
intersect the path of the type-wheel carrier, and start automatic mechanism which
brings the proper type into position, locks it, prints the character, unlocks the
type-wheel, and returns it to its normal position to repeat this process for printing
each character in succession. The type-wheel is automatically fed step by step
laterally, as each character is printed, and retracted at the completion of each
line to a proper position for beginning the next line by striking a key. It may
also be returned to this starting point at any period of its traverse by automatic
mechanism actuated by a key-lever.
The apparatus thus far described constitutes an electrically-operated type-
writing machine. In order to duplicate the message thus printed by and upon the
transmitting type-writer upon one or more receiving type-writers, each of them is
provided with a motor, a governor, and synchronizing apparatus, which drives
synchronously and uniformly mechanism which, at proper periods, automatically
interposes between the stop and its actuating devices an instrument which simul-
taneously throws the printing mechanism into action, as well as the actuating
mechanism, regulates the synchronizing mechanism, both of the transmitting and
receiving machines, and prints the character transmitted on the receiver.
The organization is such that the receiver and the transmitter are duplicates of
each other, and the machine may be used in either capacity at will, simply by
shifting the position of the interposing actuating device.
The entire series of movements is inaugurated and completed by simply actuating
a finger-key or key-lever, the parts being simultaneously or successively thrown
into action as required by the automatic opening and closing of the various
circuits.
The accompanying drawings represent all my improvements as adapted for use
in connection with an electric type-writing machine substantially similar to that
shown in British Letters-Patent, No. 4792, granted to me, and bearing date
March 17th, 1891, which describes and shows the details of the apparatus.

page_text: Fig. 1 is a plan view of so much of such an electric type-writing machine
embodying my improvements as is necessary to illustrate the subject-matter;
Fig. 2, a horizontal section therethrough, just above the key-levers, on the
line 2-2 of Fig. 3, looking downward, and
Fig. 3, a vertical, longitudinal section, on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1, looking
inward;
Fig. 4 is a similar section, on the line 4-4 of Figs. 1 and 3, showing on an
enlarged scale the details of the automatic circuit-controlling mechanism of the
apparatus in the position it occupies when acting as a receiver;
Fig. 5 is a similar view of a slide-bar, key-lever and stop in the position
occupied when transmitting;
Fig. 6 is an enlarged sectional plan view of the mechanism controlling the
solenoid circuits, and for automatically returning the type-wheel to its normal
position for beginning a new line;
Fig. 7 is a sectional elevation through a portion of the same mechanism, on the
line 7-7 of Fig. 6, looking forward; illustrating the way in which the key-lever
closes the circuit to actuate the type-wheel releasing mechanism;
Fig. 8 is a sectional elevation through the solenoid circuit-controlling apparatus,
ou the line 8-8 of Fig. 6, looking outward;
Fig. 9 is an elevation of the same apparatus as seen from the outer side of the
main frame; illustrating particularly the operation of the slide-plate which releases
the slide-holding finger
Fig. 10 is a plan, and Fig. 11, a side elevation with the balance-wheel removed,
of the motor, its governor and automatic brake-mechanism;
Fig. 12, a detail perspective of the synchronizing mechanism controlling the
brake above mentioned;
Fig. 13 is a diagrammatic plan view of the apparatus, illustrating the several
circuits, in which the heavy full line shows the main circuit through the key-lever
actuating magnets and the synchronizing magnets, the light full lines, the brake-
circuits controlled by these magnets, the heavy dotted line, the solenoid circuit,
and the light dotted line, that for releasing the type-wheel;
Fig. 2 shows the main and brake-circuits in dotted lines because concealed by
other parts of the mechanism.
The key-board end of the machine I call the front; the printing end, the back;
that portion of the machine on the right of a person facing the key-board-the
usual operative position-I call the right; the opposite side, the left.
unfeathered darts indicate the direction of view of the sections.
Short
Unless otherwise indicated the apparatus is of usual approved construction and
operation.
All the mechanism is shown as mounted in or upon a main frame A, having
suitable bearings, brackets and guides therefor. The characters, figures, letters
or symbols are arranged on the periphery of a type-wheel B.
This type-wheel is carried by a collar or sleeve b, turning with, and capable of
sliding freely end wise on a shaft B', rotating in bearings in a carriage or frame B³,
reciprocating longitudinally in guides B³, B, on the main frame. Gears or
pinions on the type-wheel shaft, engage with racks c, on a type-wheel actuating
frame C, having a range of reciprocation somewhat greater than that of the type-
wheel carriage in which it traverses on suitable guides c'..
Laterally projecting arms c³, on the rear end of this actuating frame C, carry
rods d, on which the armature cores of the type-wheel actuating magnets or sole-
noids D, D', D', D', are mounted. These solenoids are shown as arranged parallel
to each other, and with the line of reciprocation of the type-wheel carriage on
opposite sides of the machine near its upper part, so as to secure direct connection
between their magnets or cores, and the type-wheel actuating frame reciprocated
by them. They are also shown as arranged in pairs, end to end, so that one
armature core serves for each pair of solenoids, and the cores or magnets are

page_text: attracted by the solenoids so as to move the frame C, with which they are con-
nected, in alternately opposite directions as the current is shifted from one set of
solenoids to the other.
In the normal position, shown in the drawings, the circuit is through the rear
solenoids D, D'. When it is shifted through the front solenoids D, D³, the type-
wheel actuating frame C, moves forward while the type-wheel carriage B³ remains
stationary. The racks c, consequently, rotate the gears 2, on the type-wheel shaft
and turn the type wheel, so as to bring the proper letter into position for printing.
In order, however, to adapt the machine to print any character desired, a stop-
plate C, is mounted on the front end of the type-wheel actuating frame C,
obliquely to its line of movement, and is provided with notches c³, one for each
character on the type-wheel.
The usual finger-keys are arranged in any desired order in front of the machine.
Their key-levers E, are shown as rocking on a common axis e. Each key-lever E,
carries a stop F, capable of rocking vertically on its pivot, in a plane parallel
with its key-lever, and also movable endwise vertically in a transverse guideway F³,
on the main frame, wide enough to permit of the necessary rocking or yielding
movement of the stop-arm on its pivot. Steps 1,3, are provided on the head or
upper end of each stop, the lower one, of which when elevated normally
resting on the rear edge of the guideway, while the upper one, f¹, at the proper
time, engages its appropriate notch on the stop-plate C. Springs, tend to
hold the stops and key-levers in their normal backward and downward or inactive
position.
A shifter-bar g, extending across the machine in front of the line of stops F,
unites two levers G, swinging on another cross-bar g', and respectively connected
by a pivoted link G' with an arm G³, rocking on a pivot g², and normally held in
a backward position by a spring-not shown. A cross-bar g, connects the tops
of the arms G. This cross-bar is embraced by the forks h, of an elbow-lever H,
rocking on a pivot. The rearwardly projecting arm H', of this lever at
proper times interlocks with the type-wheel B, to hold it while printing. This
printing is done by means of printing-magnets I, I', I³, 1³, whose armature i, is
carried by a lever I', rocking on a pivot ¹, and connected by a loop is, with the
type-wheel carriage B. This lever is also embraced by a loop j, on a radius-
bar J, rocking on a pivot j', and connected by a link-rod J', with the pawl k, of a
ratchet k', on a spur-wheel K, meshing with a spur-gear K', on a screw-shaft L,
which controls the lateral feed of the type-wheel. A block M slides freely endwise
on this screw-shaft. A forked arm m, on this block, embraces a groove in the
type-wheel collar b, thus causing the block and type-wheel simultaneously to
traverse their respective shafts. A plate M' connects the block M with a slide M³,
movable freely endwise on a rock-shaft N. An arm n, capable of sliding freely
endwise on the rock-shaft and movable around its bearings in the slide M², is
provided with a tail-piece traversing a longitudinal groove in the rock-shaft so that
the armn can both turn with, and move laterally on the rock-shaft correspondingly with
the type-wheel and traversing-block M. That portion of the arm which overlaps the
screw-shaft is correspondingly screw-threaded, and normally held in contact there-
with by a spring n³, so as to cause the type-wheel and block M to traverse step by
step to space the printing. In thus traversing the block winds up a coiled spring
or lifts a weight connected with it by a cord or chain m'. When this reaches
the end of its traverse, or before this period if desired, the operator releases the
arm n from the screw-shaft by striking a key, and the spring or weight retracts
the block and type-wheel to begin a new line. The type-wheel may automatically
be reset to begin a new line at any stage of its progress, by actuating a key-
lever E¹, so as to close an electric circuit through a magnet O, actuating an
armature-lever O', rocking on a pivot o. A link-rod 0, is pivoted to this lever
and to an elbow-lever O, rocking on a pivot o'. The short arm o³, of this
elbow-lever constitutes a dog which acts on a crank-arm n³, on the rock-shaft N,
and rocks it so as to release the screw-arm n from the screw-shaft L. A suitable

page_text: spring-pawl holds this arm up until the block reaches its place of beginning, when
it is automatically released, and the arm re-engages the screw-shaft and the
forward feed is resumed.
The paper is passed upward in front of the impression roller or printing
cylinder S³, between it and the ribbon and type-wheel and then down between this
cylinder and a roller S¹. This printing cylinder also acts as a feed-roll, being
advanced step by step at the proper time to print a new line, by means of a
ratchet thereon actuated by a spring-feed pawl s', pivoted on an arm, rocking on
an axis concentric with that of the printing cylinder, and pivoted to the link-rod O³,
which is actuated at the proper time by the magnet O, to cause the dog o³,
connected with this link-rod, to release the type-wheel block M, from its actuating
screw-shaft N, just as the type-wheel begins to refract to begin a new line.
My Patent above mentioned shows a convenient arrangement of the inking
ribbon. This Patent also clearly shows and describes the electrical apparatus and
circuit connections, by which the solenoids which control the position of the type-
wheel, the magnets which actuate the frame to print the character, and the magnet
which releases the block to retract the type-wheel to its normal position after
printing a line, and the means by which these are thrown into action by the key-
levers, and therefore are not shown herein, as their details constitute no part of the
subject-matter claimed, as other well-known equivalent ways of actuating these parts
might be used.
The apparatus above described operates as follows, starting from the normal
position shown in the drawings, that is, with the type-wheel actuating-frame C in
its extreme rearward position, the type-wheel being in its forward position, clear of
the printing-roller, unlocked, free to turn, and with its actuating-gears b², engaged
with the forward portion of the actuating-racks c. The rear set of solenoids and the
front set of printing magnets are in circuit.
In this position the actuating of a key-lever closes the circuit through the front
solenoids and draws forward the type-wheel actuating-frame C, while the type-wheel
carriage B2, is held stationary by abutting against suitable stops. Meanwhile the
key-lever E has moved its appropriate stop F through its guideway F³, so that its
lower step, rests on the upper rear edge thereof, directly in the path of the
stop-plate C, the corresponding notch c³, of which engages with the stop and shoves
it forward against the front side of the guideway. At this moment, the relation
of the parts is such that the character corresponding with the key pressed is
presented by the wheel to the impression cylinder. A contact-bar q, rests on the
key-levers, and is connected with their pivot-bar or axis e, by radius-hars Q, so as
to be free to move with the key-levers; consequently the elevation of the key-lever
as above described breaks the circuit through the rear solenoids, and simultaneously
closes that through the front solenoids.
As the stop is shoved forward, as above described, by the stop-plate it carries
with it the shifter-bar g, which in turn, through its levers G, link G, and arms G,
actuates the cross-bar g, which locks the dog H and type-wheel-after the latter,
however, has been revolved by its actuating-gear to bring the letter corresponding
with the key-lever actuated into proper position for printing, as above mentioned.
This locking movement simultaneously opens both solenoid circuits, and that of
the front set of printing-magnets, and closes the circuit through the rear set
of printing-magnets, which retracts the type-wheel carriage B³, and frame C,
and prints a character. As the printing is done, the circuit through the rear
set of printing-magnets is broken and that through the front set closed; the
carriage Band frame Care again drawn forward, the dog released from the
type-wheel, and the latter moved laterally a space for the next letter. This series
of operations is automatically repeated as long as any stop remains in the path of
the stop-plate, but when that path is unobstructed the parts resume their normal
inactive position and maintain it until a key-lever is actuated.
The organization and operation of the apparatus above described are substantially
similar to those shown in my Patent above mentioned, which also shows and

page_text: describes the details of the various circuit-connections. That apparatus, however,
was only adapted to print its own sheet. My present invention goes much further
than this, and contemplates such an organization and connection of two such
machines by a single wire that either may be used at pleasure as a transmitter or
as a receiver, and that, by printing a message on one machine, it will automatically
be duplicated on the other.
I will now proceed to describe the modification in the apparatus by which this
can be done, premising that, unless otherwise indicated, the organization and
operation of the apparatus may be similar to that herein before set forth.
Motors and synchronizing apparatus at both the receiving and transmitting
stations are essential to the proper operation of the apparatus." These may be of
various approved constructions. The drawings show such apparatus as consisting
of a train of gearing driven by a weight, and regulated by a governor, controlling
an electric brake. The weight (not shown) is suspended by a cord or chain ",
wound around a barrel U, carrying a large spur-wheel U', meshing with a spur-
piniou, on the shaft u³, of an actuating cylinder U2. A coupling may connect
the pinion and cylinder-shaft, if desired. This cylinder turns in bearings in the
main frame across which it extends. A series of notches u-one for each key-
lever runs spirally around the cylinder, but does not quite encircle it, a short
space being left between them to aid synchronizing, as hereinafter explained.
A series of radius-bars Us, pivoted at bottom to the frame, is held against the
cylinder by springs u*. Endwise moving slide-bars U, pivoted in rear to the
upper ends of these radius-bars, extend forward toward the key-levers, their front
ends resting on a cam-roller U, by turning which these bars may be raised or
lowered a slight distance; a wedge-shaped spur or tappet u, on each radius-bar,
ordinarily boars on the surface of the cylinder, and keeps its slide-bar retracted,
but, when the tappet enters its appropriate notch in the cylinder, its spring throws
the slide-bar forward under its appropriate key-lever. This only occurs, however,
when the slide-bars are lowered by the cam-roller, for, when this forward movement
takes place with the slide-bars litted, their front ends abut against the rear ends of
the key-levers, which are made broad for this purpose, (see Fig. 5) and their action
is neutralized. The notches are so spaced that one slide-bar retracts before the
succeeding one advances, thus preventing interference or misprinting.
A U-shaped frame or lifter-bar V, has its forward ends pivoted to brackets on
the main frame, in advance of the rear ends of the key-levers E, while the bar
itself extends across the machine underneath and between their rear ends and the
bottoms of the stops F, pivoted thereon, and beneath the front ends of the slide-
bars U*, when in their forward position. One of the arms e, of this bar, projects
in advance of its pivot ', and carries the armature v³, of a magnet V₁, which, when
energized, attracts the armature and raises the lifter-bar V, carrying with it any
one of the slide-bars U, which has intruded between it and its corresponding
key-lever, which in turn lifts that key-lever and its stop, which consequently
intersects the path of the stop-plate C, for the purposes herein before explained.
The range of movement of the lifter-bar is less than the depth of the sliding-bars;
consequently no key-lever is actuated by it without the interposition of its
Blide-bar.
The slide-bars of the transmitting machine are raised (see Fig. 5) and normally
remain inactive, as above explained, while those of the receiving machine are
lowered (as shown in other figures) so as to adapt them to the automatic duplication
of the message transmitted, as hereinafter described.
A bar or rod u, mounted on arms Us, rocking on pivots in the base of the frame,
is pressed against the front sides of the radius-bars U, by a spring u'; consequently,
when one of these bars advances, when its tappet enters a notch in the cylinder,
this circuit-closing bar u, is carried with it to close the main circuit, as hereinafter
explained; when the radius-bar retracts, the spring, retracts the bar u', and
opens the circuit again, which is its normal condition.
An arm U', on the circuit-closing bar or on one of its arms, carries a set-screw u³,

page_text: which acts upon contact-springs U³, in the main line to close it when the bar n³
advances.
B
The motors are regulated as follows: A spur-wheel W, on the cylinder-shaft u²,
gears with a corresponding pinion to, on a countershaft W', carrying a balance-
wheel W³, and a bevel pinion to', gearing with a corresponding pinion w³, on a
governor-shaft w³, carrying a governor W.
The countershaft also carries a brake-wheel .r. One end of a brake-lever X,
rocking on a central pivot a', is provided with a properly shaped and constructed
rubbing-surface adapted to bear on the brake-wheel at the proper time, while the
other end is provided with a tension-spring, and a regulating-stop X'.
Magnets X, X, on opposite sides of the pivot, act upon corresponding armatures
carried by the brake-lever to actuate it when desired. The circuit of these magnets
is regulated by an elbow-lever X', controlled by a ring or collar a', on the
governor, and acting on contact-springs (Fig. 11) so that when the speed
increases the magnet X is energized to apply the brake-lever, which is retracted
by the other magnet X*, when the speed becomes too slow. The running of the
motor can thus nicely be regulated. These magnets are shown as in a local
circuit X³, controlled by synchronizing mechanism now to be described.
A disk Y, also on the cylinder-shaft u³, is provided with a notch or recess y, on
its edge or periphery, which notch has a laterally inclined rear edge, Fig. 12. A
contact-arm Y, rocks across the edges of this disk, or parallel with the shaft
thereof, on an intermediate pivot y', on the upper end of an armature-bar Y*,
rocking on a pivot y², so as to allow it and the contact-arm Y¹, carried by it, to
move towards or from the edge of the disk, as desired.
A spring Y³, on this armature-bar, presses a lug ys, on the inner side of the upper
end of the contact-arm Y', against the side of the disk, and into its notch y, at the
proper time. Normally, however, this lug rides on the edge or periphery of the
disk, and not on its side as shown in Fig. 12, and drops into the notch at the proper
time, as hereinafter explained.
Insulated pinsa, y, on the lower end of the contact-arm Y', are respectively
connected with one of the terminals of the brake-circuits, and the main circuit. The
opposite terminals of these circuits consist of springs X, Y, in contact with which
the pins above mentioned come, in the proper time to close their respective circuits;
but normally they are held out of contact therewith, as the lug y is riding on the
edge of the disk, and its spring Y, forces or holds the pins, y, out of contact
with the circuit-closing springs X, Y. Fig. 12 shows the circuits as closed through
these pins.
Magnets Yo, in the main circuit, actuate an armature y, on the armature-bar Y*,
when the circuit is closed therethrough, so as to draw the contact-arm away from
the disk far enough to allow the lug y³, to ride on its edge, as above explained.
This is the normal position in which the circuits are open, but when the lug y³,
drops from the edge of the disk into the notch y, and is forced to one side of its
incline, the parts assume the position shown in Fig. 12, and both the main and
brake-circuits are closed until the magnets Y', draw the armature bar and contact-
arm away from the edge of the disk, at which moment the lug y³, is again moved
laterally by its spring so as to ride on the edge or periphery of the disk, where it
remains until the notch y, comes around again, when the circuit is again closed and
broken as before.
It will be noted that the main circuit branch 1, runs through the magnets Y",
pin y, and spring Y, while the brake-circuit X, includes the pins a and
spring X-consequently both of these circuits are simultaneously opened and
closed by the same movement of the contact-arm Y.
The type-wheel resetting apparatus has already been set forth. I will now
describe my present way of operating it electrically, Whenever the operator
desires to retract the type-wheel to its point for beginning a new line, he operates a
key-lever E', on the right side of the key-board (Figs. 6 & 7). This key-lever
has no stop F, like the ordinary ones, but co-operates like them with its appropriate

page_text: radius-bar Us, slide-bar U, and notch us, in the cylinder Us. When the key-lever
is actuated with its sliding-bar in position the slide-bar is elevated by the lifter-
bar V, and strikes one arm of a bell-crank 04, rocking on a pivot o³, on the main
frame, the other arm of which is connected by a slot and pin to a rod 0%, adapted
to slide endwise across the frame, carrying an insulated spring-contact o', at one end,.
and a rigid stud os, at the other. The lifting of the key-lever consequently forces.
this spring-contact against an insulated pin o, on the main frame, thus closing the
circuit through the magnet O, to rotate the printing-cylinder one step, and release
the type-wheel block M, from the feed-3crew L, as hereinbefore described, to allow
the type-wheel to retract. As the type-wheel ends its backward movement, its
slide M³, strikes the rigid stud of, which moves the slide-rod 0, and opens the circuit
by separating the spring-contact of and pin of.
The circuit through the front solenoids is controlled in the following manner—
Spring-contacts, which normally stand open, are mounted on an insulated support
on the main frame, and overhang a circuit-making slide Z, movable vertically in
guides on the inner side of the main frame, and normally held with its upper end
flush with the top of the frame. This slide is raised at proper times by means of a
bent rod 2 (Fig. 3) connecting it with the lifter-bar V. The upper rear corner of
this slide is bevelled, and it is also provided with a shoulder -³ (Fig. 8) for purposes
hereinafter described. A finger Z rocking horizontally on an intermediate pivot
on the main frame, normally overlies the upper inclined end of the slide, a spring
holding its inner end against a yielding spring-stop or pawl 13, on the type-wheel
carriage. The pawl yields to slide past the finger, as the type-wheel carriage moves
forward, but bears against it when moving backward. A stop prevents it from
going too far. A slide-plate Z, movable vertically in guides on the outer side of
the main frame (Figs. 6 & 9) is provided with a lifting-arm 7, bent inward so as
to be actuated by the slide-bar U, of the key-lever E. A spring a, normally
holds the plate with its upper edge flush with the top of the main frame. This
edge is inclined backward and upward on the rear side of the outer end of the
spring-finger Z', so that, when it rises, it forces the inner end of this finger back-
ward. When the slide Z is raised by the lifter-bar V to close the contacts z, the
spring-finger Z' engages its shoulder and holds it up, consequently keeping the
circuit closed until the type-wheel frame moves backward, when its pawl B³ releases
the spring-finger from the slide and breaks the circuit. When, however, the key-
lever E is lifted by its slide-bar and lifter-bar, the slide-plate also rises and its
inclined end releases the spring-finger from the slide, and permits it to descend with
the lifter-bar without waiting for the pawl B' to act; it in fact prevents the engage-.
ment of the slide and finger, as it holds them out of contact.
The circuits and their contact-controlling devices pertaining to the type-
writer proper-that is, those controlling the printing, feeding and resetting
mechanisms are fully shown in my Patent above mentioned, and are consequently
not shown in detail here except where necessary to illustrate the working of
my present improved apparatus. Figs. 2 and 13 show the main circuit 1, con-
necting the transmitting and receiving instruments, as proceeding from a suitable
generator and as divided into shunts or branches, one, 1*, of which runs through
the transmitter-contacts Us, and the lifter-bar magnets V₁ to the main line, and
thence, in reverse order, through the corresponding lifter-bar magnets V', and
circuit-controlling contacts Us, of the receiver, to the generator or ground.
The other branch, 1b, of the main circuit runs from the generator through the
transmitting synchronizing magnets Y', and contacts y', and Y, to the main line,
and thence through the corresponding receiving synchronizing magnets Y*, y*,
in reverse order, to the generator or ground at the receiving station.
Fig. 13 shows the apparatus at the transmitting and receiving stations exactly
duplicated, except that the position is reversed, so that the front or key-board ends
of the machines are nearest each other.
The running of the brake-circuit X' has heretofore been explained.
The circuit through the rear solenoids may be similar to that shown in my Patent

page_text: above mentioned. The front solenoid circuit 2, is divided into two alternative
branches, one, 2, of which is used when the machine is operating simply as a local
type-writer, and is shown in Fig. 13, as running directly from the generator
through the solenoids and their circuit-controlling apparatus, as in my Patent above
mentioned.
When used as a transmitter, the circuit runs through the branch 2", which includes
the circuit-controller or spring-contacts z.
The type-wheel releasing magnet-circuit 3, runs from the generator through its
magnet O, and contacts o, o, back to the generator or ground, as shown.
Fig. 13, shows the switches of all the circuits as set for the transmission and
reproduction of a message. Figs. 3 and 4 show the relations of the parts, both of
the transmitter and receiver at this moment, except that the slide-bars U³, of the
transmitter, are raised as in Fig. 5.
The operation is as follows: Both motors are started rotating the actuating-
cylinders, say thirty times a minute, and the governor and brake-mechanism at an
appropriate speed. As before stated, the spiral series of notches u³, do not entirely
encircle the actuating-cylinder, but leave a blank space between their beginning
and end. The object of this is to aid in synchronizing the motors by adjusting the
speed once in each revolution, and this is done by so organizing the apparatus
that, just after the notch y is engaged with the lug y, on the armature-lever Y¹,
of the synchronizing mechanism and the brake-circuit is consequently closed-
the spurs, of the radius-bars U³, are traversing the blank space on the actuating-
cylinder U²; in which position the contacts Us, of the main line branch 1" are
open, and the actuating or lifter magnets V, and printing magnets are inactive;
consequently the synchronizing is effected during the momentary pause thus
occasioned in the printing mechanism, and without interference with the operation
of the latter mechanism. The depression of a transmitting key raises the rear
end of its corresponding key-lever E, and its stop F, the appropriate solenoid
circuit is closed, when the lifter-bar V raises circuit-making slide Z, and makes
contact at z, and through the front solenoids and the proper letter printed by the
transmitter, as described in my Patent aforesaid.
This elevation of the key-lever lifts it above the path of its corresponding slide-
bar U consequently when the spur ", of the radius-bar U, of that slide-bar
enters its appropriate notch in the actuating cylinder, the slide-bar is interposed
between the key-lever and lifter-bar V, as shown in Fig. 4. This movement
closes the main circuit branch 1, through the contacts Us, and lifter-magnets V¹
of both the transmitter and receiver, as they are revolving synchronously, and the
slide-bars Us, of both instruments are consequently simultaneously inserted between
their lifter-bars and key-levers. This energizing of the receiving lifter-magnet
causes its lifter-bar to raise its appropriate stop, which causes the printing of the
proper letter on the receiving machine, as was done on the transmitter. These
operations are repeated as each letter is printed. The transmitting slide-bars all
advance in turn, but all abut against the rear ends of their respective key-levers,
and thus remain inoperative until the key-levers are lifted out of the way, when
they are interposed between the key-lever and lifter-bar, as above described. The
receiving slide-bars, on the contrary, are always so interposed in turn at each
advance, being all dropped out of the way of key-levers by the cam-roller U³, but
they produce no effect until struck up against the key-levers by the lifter-bar when
actuated by its magnets; consequently the printing of any but the letter trans-
mitted is impossible. This energizing of the lifter-bar magnets is necessarily
momentary only, as the circuit is broken as soon as the spurs which remain only
a moment in the notches of the actuating-cylinder escape therefrom, and both the
contacts Us, and the armatures of the lifter-bar magnets are quickly retracted by
their springs.
The synchronizing contacts are opened and closed once for every revolution of
the disk Y, as above explained. Every impulse sent through the synchronizing
magnets Y breaks both the main line and brake-circuits. Should, however, the

page_text: motors not be in synchronism, the lug y³, of one instrument, would enter its notchy,
and thus close its brake-circuit, putting on the brake, and retarding the motor. By
the time the notch of the lagging disk opposes its lug, the closing of the main
circuit has opened its brake-circuit; consequently its motor is unretarded and gains
on the other until they synchronize.
This synchronizing of the instruments is important in promoting rapid work, as
when the instruments are out of synchronism, the lagging one remains inactive
until its proper actuating notch in the cylinder U³, comes into action. Suppose,
for instance, the receiving instrument to be the lagging one; when a key is
depressed, the circuit is simultaneously closed through the branch 1*, including the
lifter-magnets V₁, and the contacts Us, which are closed by the forward movement
of the cross-bar u, as the lug us, of the slide-bar U, drops into its notch u³, in
the cylinder U, thus completing the circuit to the corresponding parts of the
receiving instruments to actuate them as above described to print the letter.
Simultaneously with this operation, the branch 1, of the main line energizes
the synchronizing magnets Y of the transmitter, which attracts the armature y,
and causes the lug y, to ride on the edge of the disk Y, as above explained, in
which position the spring Y, breaks the main line circuit and holds it broken until
the lug y, again drops into the notch y. This correspondingly breaks the circuit
through the receiving synchronizing magnets, and consequently leaves its brake-
circuit open; thus allowing the receiving cylinder to gain upon the transmitting
one until synchronism is restored.
The front solenoid circuit is closed by the lifter-bar raising the slide Z, as
above described, and broken automatically by the pawl B', on the backward stroke
of the type-wheel carriage, or by the lifting of the slide-plate Z³, by the slide-
bar of the key-lever E.
The circuit of the type-wheel releaser magnet is opened and closed by the key-
lever E, its slide-bar and lifter-bar, as above described.
My improvements enable me to employ two comparatively simple and effective
type-writing machines, capable of being worked by any ordinary operators, either
as simple, separate machines, or reciprocally as transmitters and receivers, by
simply moving a few cams and switches; to duplicate accurately the work of the
transmitter on one or more receivers by means of a single line-wire; and to
prevent the possibility of error or mistake in printing any but the character or
letter transmitted, and to duplicate the message, as in an ordinary type-writing
machine.
The brake-magnets and their circuit-controlling switches are shown in Fig. 13 as
arranged in shunt or local circuits X, controlled by the synchronizing magnets Y,
so as to actuate the brake-magnets intermittently, irrespective of the switch controlled
by the governor.
The following is a description of the operation of the apparatus, which is dupli-
cated at the transmitting and receiving stations, as illustrated in Fig. 13, and
connected by a single line-wire.
Fig. 1 represents the normal position of the type-writers, the operation of which,
as a type-writer, has already been described.
Figs. 3 and 4 represent the apparatus in position for acting as a receiver, Fig. 3
showing the normal position of the parts with the main line circuit open, and
Fig. 4, the position of the parts with the circuit closed, but without current on the
main line.
.
Fig. 12 shows the condition of the synchronizing disk at the same moment, and
under the same conditions. The motors at both stations are supposed to be running
in synchronism, with their parts in the same relative attitudes.
The transmitting instrument, however, has its slide-bars U, elevated by means
of the cam-shaft U, as shown in Fig. 5, so that each normally abuts on its forward
stroke against the rear end of its appropriate key-lever, unless the latter be
elevated.
If, now, with the parts in this position, the operator depresses a key, he throws
BB

page_text: up its corresponding stop F, causing the stop to intersect the path of the slide-
plate C'. This movement also lifts the contact-bar 7, which simultaneously breaks
the circuit through the rear solenoids and closes that through the front ones, thus
drawing forward the type-wheel actuating-frame C, and its stop-plate C. This
movement causes the shifter-bar g, and its connecting-lever, to interlock the dog H,
with the type-wheel, after it has revolved sufficiently to present its appropriate letter.
The stop mechanism also simultaneously opens the circuits both of the front and
rear solenoids, and that of the front set of printing magnets, and closes the circuits
through the rear set, which retracts both the type-wheel carriage and its actuating-
frame, and prints the character by the striking of the type-wheel against the
printing-cylinder, or rather against the ribbon interposed between it and the paper
on the cylinder.
As the character is printed, the circuit through the rear set of printing-
magnets is broken, and that through the front one closed simultaneously, releasing
the dog locking the type-wheel, and drawing forward the type-wheel carriage for a
new stroke the operation above described being repeated. This is the operation
of the transmitting type-writer. The same lifting of the stop that caused the
above movements, leaves the corresponding slide-bar U, free to move forward
under the stop of the key-lever, and allows the lug , of the slide-bar, to enter the
corresponding recess u³, in the actuating-cylinder Us, whenever it comes around.
As soon as this happens, the spring u, throws the lug into the recess, thus closing
the contact Us, in the main line branch 1, and energizing lifter-magnet V1 of the
transmitter; but this produces no particular effect there, as the corresponding stop
has already been lifted by the key-lever. The circuit, however, passes over the
main line, and through the lifter-magnets and contact Us, of the receiver, and
thence to ground.
This energizes the lifter-magnet, and elevates the lifter-bar V, so that it lifts the
corresponding slide-bar U, which, in the meantime, has been thrust forward by its
lug entering its notch in the actuating-cylinder, which must be done before the
circuit can be closed through the contact UB, and lifts the corresponding stop
together with the key-lever of the receiver, which movement causes in the receiver
an automatic repetition of all the movements above described as having taken place
in the transmitter. This is done each time a character or letter is printed, and the
work is consequently done by a series of impulses corresponding with such letters
or characters.
One branch 1, of the main line, it will be observed, runs direct from the
generator through the synchronizing magnets, and through the contact-pins x, y,
above mentioned, and thence through the contact-pin Y, and branch 1º, again
back to the main branch 1, where it joins the main line, the two branches 15, and 1º,
being thus connected in the branch or multiple arc to the main line connecting the
two instruments, the circuit connections being the same at each instrument as before
explained, except that they run in reverse order. This arrangement of the circuits.
will be readily understood by reference to Figs. 2 and 13.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is-
1. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a motor; its
governor gearing connecting them; a brake-wheel; a friction-brake rocking on a
central pivot; its actuating-magnets on opposite sides of the pivot, and a circuit-
controlling switch actuated by the governor, to regulate the speed of the motor.
2. The combination, substantially as herein before set forth, of a motor; its
governor its friction-brake; its actuating-magnets and generator in an independent
circuit; a circuit-controlling switch actuated by the governor, to regulate the speed
of the motor, and a second or separate circuit-controlling device automatically
controlled from the main line, and in a local shunt circuit with the governor circuit-
shifter, but directly and independently controlling the brake.

page_text: 3. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a motor; a
countershaft driven by gearing therefrom; a governor driven from this shaft; a
brake-wheel thereon; a brake-lever rocking on a central pivot, and acting on the
brake-wheel; a local circuit; magnets controlling the brake-lever therein, on
opposite sides of the pivot, and a circuit-controlling switch actuated by the governor,
to regulate the speed of the motor.
4. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a motor; its.
governor ; its brake-mechanism; a local circuit; a generator of electricity; brake-
controlling magnets, and a circuit-controlling switch actuated by the governor, all
in a shunt circuit, and automatic synchronizing mechanism in a branch of this
circuit, which intermittently and independently actuates the brake-mechanism.
5. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a motor; its
governor; its brake-mechanism; a local circuit; brake-controlling magnets, and a
circuit-controlling switch actuated by the governor; a main line; mechanism
automatically controlling this circuit actuated by the motor; synchronizing
mechanism also actuated by this motor, and automatic switch mechanism in the
main line controlling this synchronizing mechanism.
6. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of two motors; their
governors; an electrically-actuated brake for each motor in a separate local circuit ;
circuit-controlling mechanism actuated by each governor; synchronizing mechanism
actuated by the motors intermittently to open and close their circuits; a main line
circuit; its automatic circuit-controlling mechanism operated by the motors, and
electrically-actuated circuit-controlling mechanism which simultaneously opens both
the main and local circuits, to aid the synchronizing.
7. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a traversing type-
wheel carriage; a stop intersecting its path; mechanism for actuating the stop,
and an intermittently interposed device which connects the actuating mechanism
and stop.
8. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a traversing type-
wheel carriage finger-keys or key-levers; stops carried thereby electrically
controlled; mechanism for actuating these stops and the type-wheel carriage, and
devices intermittently interposed between the actuating mechanism and stops to
operate the latter.
9. The combination, substantially-as hereinbefore set forth, of finger-keys or key-
levers; stops carried thereby; mechanism for actuating these stops; a motor;
devices actuated thereby, intermittently interposed between the motor and stops,
and circuit-controlling mechanism actuated by these devices to energize the stop-
actuating mechanism.
10. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a finger-key or
key-lever electrically-controlled mechanism for operating it; a motor; mechanism
actuated thereby for energizing the lever-actuating mechanism and for interposing
a device between this mechanism and lever to render them operative, the organiza-
tion being such that the action is prevented until the key-lever is moved out of the
path traversed by the interposing device.
:
11. The combination, substantially as herein before set forth, of a series of key-
levers electrically-operated mechanism for operating them; a motor; a series of
devices automatically interposed by the motor between the key-levers and actuating
mechanism, when operating as a receiver, and a device causing them to intersect
the path of the key-levers, when acting as a transmitter, the removal of the key
from such path throwing the mechanism into operation.
12. The combination, substantially as herein before set forth, of a series of key-
levers; an electrically-operated lifter-bar; a motor; a series of automatically-
actuated slide-bars adapted to be interposed between the key-lever and lifter-bar,
and a cum-roller which changes the path traversed by the bars so as to cause them
to abut against the key-lever, thus rendering the mechanism inoperative until the
key-lever is removed.
13. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a finger-key or

page_text: key-lever a lifter-bar; its actuating-magnet; a rotating-cylinder; a slide-bar
actuated thereby, and adapted to be interposed between the key-lever and lifter-bar,
and a circuit-controlling switch also actuated by this slide-bar to control the circuit
of the lifter-bar magnet.
14. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a series of key-
levers; a lifter-bar; its actuating-magnet; a rotating-cylinder; a series of notches
therein; a series of spring-actuated radius-bars; lugs thereon adapted to be thrown
into and out of their respective notches; slide-bars carried by these radius-bars-
one for each key-lever and circuit-controlling devices actuated thereby, so that
the forward movement of any slide-bar to interpose between the key-lever and
lifter-bar energizes the magnet of the latter to operate the key-lever.
15. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, in each of two or
more similar type-writing machines, of a series of key-levers; their electric
actuating mechanism; a motor for each machine; devices actuated thereby
intermittently interposed between the key-levers and their actuating-mechanism;
a main line circuit passing through all of the key-lever actuating mechanisms, and
circuit-controlling mechanism actuated by the interposition of these devices to
energize the lever-actuating mechanism of each machine.
16. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, in cach of two or
more similar type-writing machines, of a series of key-levers; their lifter-bars;
their actuating-imagnets; rotating-cylinders; slide-bars actuated thereby and
adapted to be intermittently interposed between the key-levers and lifter-bars; a
main-line circuit including the actuating-magnets, and circuit controlling switches
actuated by the slide-bars, so that the interposition of any one bar closes the circuit
through all the magnets.
17. The combination, substantially as herein before set forth, in each of two or
more similar type-writing machines, of series of key-levers; electrically-controlled
mechanism for operating them; motors; devices actuated thereby adapted to be
interposed between the key-levers and their actuating mechanism; synchronizing
mechanism for each motor; a main circuit in shunts or branches of which the
magnets of all the lever-actuating and synchronizing mechanisms are included, and
circuit-controlling devices actuated by the interposition of any one of these devices
between the key-levers and their actuating mechanism so as simultaneously to
energize these magnets.
18. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a traversing type-
wheel carriage; a stop intersecting its path; a key-lever actuating the stop; an
electrically-operated traversing lifter-bar, and a slide-bar intermittently interposed
between the lifter-bar and finger-key to actuate the stop.
19. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a traversing
type-wheel carriage; its actuating-frame; a stop-plate carried thereby; a key-
lever; a stop carried thereby to intersect the stop-plate; a lifter-bar; its actuating-
magnet, and a slide-bar intermittently interposed between the lifter-bar and
key-lever to energize the magnet and actuate the lifter-bar.
20. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a type-wheel; its
carriage; its actuating-frame; electro-magnetic apparatus for actuating it; a
stop-plate on this frame; a key-lever; a stop actuated thereby to engage the stop-
plate; a lifter-bar; electro-magnetic apparatus actuating it, and an automatically-
actuated slide-bar adapted to be interposed between the lifter-bar and key-lever
to enable the lifter-bar to actuate the stop.
21. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a type-wheel;
its carriage; its actuating-frame; a stop-plate thereon; type-wheel locking-
mechanism; means for actuating the locking-mechanism; a key-lever; a stop
actuated thereby to engage the stop-plate; electro-magnetic apparatus actuating it,
and an automatically-actuated slide-bar adapted to be interposed between the lifter-
bar and key-lever to actuate the stop.
22. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a type-wheel; a
feed-screw shaft; mechanism connecting the two to feed the type-wheel laterally ;

page_text: a key-lever; an electrically-actuated lifter-bar; an automatically-actuated slide-
bar adapted to be thrust over the lifter-bar to be lifted by it, and automatic
mechanism actuated by this slide-bar to open and close the circuit of the type-wheel
releasing mechanism, to permit its retraction to begin a new linc.
23. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of laterally-movable
type-wheel feeding-mechanism; an endwise-moving shaft; a circuit-making contact.
thereon; a key-lever; an electrically-actuated lifter-bar; an elbow-lever actuating
the contact-shaft to close it, and a slide-bar automatically interposed between the
lifter-bar and elbow-lever, to enable the former to actuate the latter.
24. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of laterally-movable
type-wheel feeding-mechanism; an endwise-moving contact-making shaft; a key--
lever; an electrically-actuated lifter-bar; mechanism for moving the shaft in one
direction to close its contacts; a slide-bar automatically interposed between the
lifter-bar and contact-making mechanism, and a stop on the contact-shaft against
which the type-wheel feeding-mechanism abuts as it begins a new line, so as to
separate the contacts.
25. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a main frame;.
solenoids thereon; a type-wheel carriage actuated thereby; a key-lever; an.
electrically-actuated lifter-bar; circuit-controlling devices for the solenoid-circuits;
and a slide-bar automatically interposed between the lifter-bar and circuit-controlling
devices to actuate them.
26. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, with each of two or
inore similar type-writing machines, of continuously-rotating actuating cylinders;
notches arranged spirally around a portion of their perimeters; spring-actuated
radius-bars carrying lugs or tappets corresponding with these notches; circuit-.
closing devices actuated by the radius-bars; synchronizing devices connected with
each machine in a local circuit; a main line connecting them, and circuit-controlling
contacts or switches therein actuated by the circuit-closing devices, so as to actuate
the synchronizing mechanism while the tappets are traversing the solid face of the
cylinders.
27. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, with several similar
type-writing machines, of continuously-rotating cylinders; notches arranged on a
portion of their perimeters; spring-actuated radius-bars carrying lugs or tappets
corresponding with these notches; slide-bars carried by the radius-bars; key-levers ;.
stops thereon; lifter-bars; their actuating-magnets; synchronizing mechanism;
branch circuits of the main line including these actuating-magnets and synchronizing
devices, and circuit-controlling switches actuated by the radius-bars, the organization
being such that the slide-bars are interposed between the lifter-bars and key-levers
simultaneously with the energizing of the magnets which actuate the lifter-bar and
break the synchronizing circuit.
28. The hereinbefore described printing telegraph consisting of the combination,
with similar type-writing machines, of motors; governors; synchronizing mechanism;
continuously-rotating cylinders provided with series of spiral notches on their
perimeters; spring-actuated radius-bars carrying tappets corresponding with the
notches; slide-bars connected with the radius-bars; circuit-closing bars actuated
thereby controlling contacts in the connecting main line; lifter-bars acting on the.
slide-bars; magnets in the main line actuating the lifter-bars, and magnets in shunts
of the main line controlling the synchronizing mechanism; the organization being.
such that the actuation of a key-lever causes the successive automatic operation of
the other mechanisms.
Dated this 15th day of January 1892.