An Improved Method of and Means for Protecting from Moisture the Plastering of Walls, Ceilings and the like.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 28th June, 1898-Accepted, 13th Aug., 1898
An Improved Method of and Means for Protecting from Moisture the
Plastering of Walls, Ceilings and the like.
I, CHRISTIAN FLEISCH, of St. Johann-on-the-Saar, in the German Empire, Master
Plasterer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
--
This invention relates to a method of and means for protecting from moisture
the lining or plastering of walls, ceilings, and the like to prevent the exudation
through the said lining of moisture attacking or passing through the said walls
ceilings and the like. Many and various attempts have been made to attain this
object, but the methods employed have been applicable to new buildings only,
or they have been unreliable, expensive and difficult to carry out.
Such exudation largely takes place in old buildings, on plaster walls, in sculleries,
bath rooms, on walls of buildings exposed to the weather etc. and renders the sur-
faces thereof cloudy or blotchy. In such cases known methods can very rarely
be applied with advantage and the principal object of this invention is to provide
a remedy for exudation in all such cases. By this new method moist patches of
any extent in the middle of otherwise dry walls, ceilings and the like can be
rendered dry, and the possibility of reappearance of the exudation excluded. This
method can be applied without interruption of existing surfaces and in such a
manner that the repaired patches shall be level with the old surfaces, the cost
being small.
In order that this invention may be the better understood I now proceed to
describe the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings and to the
letters and figures marked thereon.
Figure 1 is a front view of a prepared plate or board to which the plaster is to be
applied.
Figure 2 shows a section therethrough.
Figure 3 is a back view of the board.
Figure 4 shows a section through Figure 1 on a larger scale than Figure 2.
Figures 5 and 6 are sectional views of modified plates.
Both sides of a pulp board such as is used for roofing purposes, or similar material,
is painted on both sides with a layer b of a hot mixture of insulating materials such
as asphalt, petroleum, sand, ashes etc., and the board thus treated is allowed to
cool. The application of this mixture gives the board a rough form, the surfaces
having a multitude of recessee. Over one side of the board thus formed is spread
a net of medium mesh made of hemp, jute or the like which extends over the
edges of the board about 3 inches all round. The edges around the rear side of the
board are then painted again with a layer of the before mentioned hot mixture
to a width corresponding to the overlap c¹ of the net c, which is then turned over
and pressed on to the wet painted edges of the rear side of the board. After dry-
ing, the net and board will be found to be intimately and firmly connected. The
boards thus prepared are ready for use when dry, and should be kept until used
in suitable rooms, so as to keep them pliant.

page_text: If for instance the wet patch of a wall or ceiling is to be repaired i.e. to be made
impervious to moisture by means of these new insulating plates, the plaster is
removed from the part of the wall to be repaired, the insulating boards are then
applied to the brick or stone wall, or to the battens, as the case may be, by nails
having large galvanised heads, the boards being allowed about from 3 to 4 inches
overlap. The plaster is then applied to the side covered by the net c which forms
the outside. During the plastering, the plaster enters through the various meshes
of the net into the recesses on the face of the board, so that the vertical threads
of the meshes carry and support the particles of plaster the whole body of the
In this manner intimate con-
plaster being carried by the overlappings of the net.
nection between the plaster and the net is ensured, and also between the plaster and
the board itself into the recesses of which the plaster enters, so that the loosening
of the plaster is prevented, which is of the greatest importance for the action of
the new insulating board. Hitherto it has been found impossible to apply the
plaster direct to the board or to an ordinary layer of asphalt, in
neither case could adherence of the plaster be ensured, owing to the smoothness
of the board in one case and the difference of material in the other.
The insulating board nailed to the wall owing to the recesses or roughness on the
rear side, forms an air space or spaces between the board and the wall, because
the board is not smooth enough to lie closely against the wall. The channels or
recesses thus formed facilitate the evaporation and drying up of the moisture.
This effect can be increased by making small holes through the plaster and boards
to increase the circulation and ensure the drying up of the moisture with certainty.
In a similar manner these boards may be used to prevent exudation on ceilings
or floors, Rising vapours act very injuriously on the plastering in stables,
sculleries, bath rooms, chemical works and the like, so that the plaster is destroyed
in a comparitively short time, resulting in the rotting of the beams.
In such cases these boards can be nailed to the beams, rendering superfluous
the use of battens and protecting the woodwork against injury from rising vapours,
and securing a firm support to plaster applied to it, so that the falling off of the
latter is almost precluded. These insulating boards are also very advantageous
for lining wooden partitions columns etc. ensuring the drying up of wet patches in
a short time.
Instead of the roughening of the surfaces by the application of the before-
mentioned mixture, the recesses or channels may be produced by passing grooved
rollers over the boards, which have been allowed to cool somewhat after being
painted with the bituminous mixture, or the painted boards may be pressed between
suitably formed iron plates. These modifications are illustrated in Figures 5
and 6 and it will be seen that the channels formed allow efficient means for circula-
tion and escape of the moisture at the rear and for the support of the plaster in
front.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
1st. A method for the protection from moisture of the plaster of walls, ceilings
or the like, for repair of damp places consisting of the removal of the defaced and
moistened plaster, the insertion and attachment to the wall or the ceiling hattens
of a water-proofed pulp-board adapted at the back for the circulation of air and at
the front for the adherence of plaster and the re-placement thereon of fresh plaster,
which will thus be protected from the damaging effect of further exudation of
moisture from the wall, ceiling or the like, substantially as described.
2nd. Means for the protection from moisture of the plaster of walls, ceilings and
the like consisting of an insulating plate or board of roofing pulp or paper painted
on both sides with layers of a hot mixture of bituminous materials such as asphalt
or petroleum and sand or ashes, having a rough surface both back and front, and
a net of hemp, jute or similar material spread over the surface of the board to

page_text: which it is desired to attach plaster, such net being secured by an overlap over the
edges of the plate, being caused to adhere to a hot layer of the bituminous mixture
at the back, substantially as described.
3rd. A modification of the means as claimed in Claim 2 in which the surfaces
are artificially grooved, channeled, recessed, or notched to increase the circula-
tion of air behind the plate and to provide additional means of adherence to the
plaster, substantially as described.
100A