IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INSIDE AND OUTSIDE BINDINGS OR STRAPS FOR PULLEY BLOCKS AND OTHER ARTICLES, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF MALLEABLE ANNEALED IRON OR HOMOGENEOUS IRON OR STEEL OR OTHER METÁLS TO SUCH PURPOSES."
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Gardner, Richard Lee, and George Henry
Wain, all of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INSIDE AND OUTSIDE BINDINGS OR
STRAPS FOR PULLEY BLOCKS AND OTHER ARTICLES, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF
MALLEABLE ANNEALED IRON OR HOMOGENEOUS IRON OR STEEL OR OTHER METÁLS
TO SUCH PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Gardner, Richard
Lee, and George Henry Wain at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 5th May 1864.
We, JOSEPH GARDNER, RICHARD LEE, and GEORGE HENRY WAIN, all of
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INSIDE AND OUTSIDE
BINDINGS OR SIRAPS FOR PULLEY BLOCKS AND OTHER ARTICLES, AND IN THE
APPLICATION OF MALLEABLE ANNEALED IRON OR HOMOGENEOUS STEEL OR OTHER
METALS TO SUCH PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention is for improvements in the manufacturing of internal and
external straps, as fixed in or on pulley blocks, commonly called inside or
outside bindings, to be made of malleable cast annealed iron, homogeneous
iron or steel, or other fusible metals, and consists in a new and novel plan by
[Price 8d.]

page_text: which swivel hook, standing hook, clip hook, solid eye, round eye, lug, or any
other bindings, as well as other articles hereafter described can be manu-
factured. We form from wood or other suitable material a pattern of the
required shape, from which the strap and hook is moulded and cast in sand,
loam, or otherwise in moulds provided for that purpose, the hooks to be cast
or forged separately, and formed to suit a countersink, for which provision
has been made in the pattern of the strap or binding. The hook being first
formed and placed in the sand with that part of the countersink so placed in
the crown of the strap or binding that the metal will form or run round it,
thereby making a swivel hook in the strap, and both together what is usually
called a swivel hook binding. Although we have described this form and
arrangement, we do not confine ourselves to any particular process in casting
the aforesaid bindings.
Our Invention is also for the application of malleable cast annealed iron to
the manufacture of one-eyed, two-eyed, three-eyed, four-eyed, five-eyed, and
six-eyed hooks, main and fore brace.bumpkins, spectacle clews, solid caps with
eyes for bowsprits, lower mast heads and top mast heads, boom irons, belaying
pin hoops, jointed hoops for ship's masts, spars, yards, and hull, and sails.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Gardner, Richard Lee, and George Henry Wain in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3rd November 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOSEPH
GARDNER, RICHARD LEE, and GEORGE HENRY WAIN, all of Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, send greeting.
- WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Joseph Gardner, Richard Lee, and George Henry Wain, Her special
licence that we, the said Joseph Gardner, Richard Lee, and George Henry
Wain, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the
said Joseph Gardner, Richard Lee, and George Henry Wain, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within

page_text: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
INSIDE AND OUTSIDE BINDINGS OR STRAPS FOR PULLEY BLOCKS AND OTHER ARTICLES
AND IN THE APPLICATION OF MALLEABLE ANNEALLED IRON OR HOMOGENEOUS IRON OR
STEEL OR OTHER METALS TO SUCH PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said Joseph Gardner, Richard Lee, and George Henry
Wain, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Joseph Gardner, Richard Lee, and
George Henry Wain, do hereby declare the nature of our said invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the
Drawings herewith annexed, that is to say:-
Our Invention is for improvements in the manufacture of internal and
external straps as fixed in or on pulley blocks, commonly called inside and out-
side binding, to be made of malleable cast annealed iron, homogeneous iron
or steel, or other fusible metals, and consists in a new and novel plan by
which swivel hook, swivel eye,, standing hook, clip hook, solid eye, round eye,
lag, or any other bindings, as well as other articles hereafter described, can be
manufactured, viz., one, two threc, four, five and six-eyed hoops, main and
fore brace bumpkins, spectacle clews, solid caps with eyes for bowsprit ends,
lower mast and top mast heads, boom irons, belaying pin hoops, and all
jointed hoops for ship's masts, yards, spars and hull; bushes for pulley blocks,
and iron fittings for gun carriages. We form from wood or other suitable
material patterns of the required size, shape, or form, from which the articles
specified are moulded in boxes or otherwise, and cast to the required shape in
sand, loam, or chills. Suppose a swivel hook bending is required to be cast,
the pattern of the bending being divided lengthways or otherwise, so that the
hook can be taken out of the pattern, when laid in the sand, the hook being
so formed as to fill up a countersink in that part of the pattern of the binding
called the crown, the hook having been cast previously to fit the countersunk
crown. The hook being placed in the pattern, they are then moulded together
in boxes which divide, one portion of the pattern is taken out of the sand, the
hook next, and then the remaining portion of the pattern. The hook having

page_text: received a thin coating of oil and sand or other substance on that part
intended to swivel in the crown, is then replaced in the sand, the boxes are
then put together, and the metal run in the moulded space left by the
displacement of the pattern, it will be seen by this method that the metal
The same
will run or form, round that part of the hook required to swivel.
method applies to swivel eyes, the other description of binding, hoops, &c.,
can be cast in the usual manner adopted by ironfounders. The general
principles of our improvements in the making of inside binding and other
articles, is by a process of casting and annealing, instead of forging, and in
the application of fusible metals to the purposes as described.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 represents lag inside binding; Fig. 2 round eye ditto; Fig. 3 swivel
hook, double; Fig. 4 swivel hook, single; Fig. 5 round eye, double; Fig. 6
solid eye, double; Fig. 7 solid eye, single; Fig. 8 swivel hook, treble; Fig. 9
solid eye, treble; Fig. 10 lug, single; Figs. 11 and 12 clip hook; Figs. 13
and 14 clip hooks, single and double; Figs. 15 and 16 outside natch block
binding; Figs. 17 and 18 swivel hook and eye outside binding on iron blocks;
Fig. 19 swivel hook single block, with binding inserted with a becket;
Fig. 20, solid eye single block, with binding inserted; Fig. 21, swivel hook
double block, with binding inserted; Fig. 22, a swivel hook bulb head;
Fig. 23, section of inside binding with countersunk crown and bulb headed
hoop, or that part which is intended to swivel; Fig. 24, swivel eye with bulb
head; Fig. 25 section of inside 'binding swivel eye; Fig. 25, dead eye
binding; Fig. 27, boom iron; Figs. 28 and 29, bushes for shewes; Figs.
30, 31, 32, and 33, one, two, three and four-eyed hoops; Fig. 34, solid cap with
eyes; Fig. 35 belaying pin hoop; Fig. 36, spectacle clews; Fig. 37, gun
carriage and irons; Fig. 38, stern bumpkins.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we claim is,---
First, we claim as our Invention the application of malleable cast iron
annealed, or homogeneous iron or steel, or any other fusible metals capable of
being melted or cast in moulds into the forms described.
Second, we claim the form or shape of the hook and solid eye with a
countersunk or bulb head.
Third, we claim the strap or binding being cast with the hook or eye
attached.
Fourth, we claim the application of annealed malleable cast iron to the

page_text: manufacture of jointed or other hoops, and all the various articles herein
described.
Fifth, we claim the combination and general arrangement of the various
contrivances herein-before particularized, and in the manner described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Joseph Gardner, Richard Lee, and
George Henry Wain, have her cunto set our hands and seals, this
Second day of November, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-four