IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES FOR CONVEYING WATER AND GAS AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES, AND A NEW OR IM- PROVED COMPOSITION FOR JOINING THE SAID PIPES AND OTHER SIMILAR PIPES
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Forster Cotterill, of Cannock, in the County
of Stafford, Gentleman, for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES FOR
CONVEYING WATER AND GAS AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES, AND A NEW OR IM-
PROVED COMPOSITION FOR JOINING THE SAID PIPES AND OTHER SIMILAR PIPES."
Seale the 28th July 1865, and dated the 13th April 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Forster Cotterillat
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th April 1865.
I, CHARLES FORSTER COTTERILL, of Cannock, in the County of Stafford,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN PIPES FOR CONVEYING WATER AND GAS AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES,
AND A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR JOINING THE SAID PIPES AND OTHER
SIMILAR PIPES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, of the following improvements in pipes for
conveying water and gas and for other like purposes. The said pipes are
ordinarily made with a socket at one end, into which socket the plain end of
the next pipe is inserted and fixed on joining the said pipes together. The
[Price 8.1

page_text: said socket consists of a short cylindrical enlargement at the end of the pipe,
the said enlarged part joining on the other part by means of a shoulder.
My Invention consists in making the socket of a conical figure, the narrow
end of the cone being turned outwards, that is, forming the open end of the
socket. The narrow or outer end of the socket is of a slightly larger diameter
than the plain end of the pipe, so that the plain end of one pipe can be
inserted freely in the socket of the next. In joining pipes made according to
my Invention the lead or other material with which the space between the
end of one pipe and the conical socket of the other is filled, assumes the
figure of a conical ring, and any pressure within the pipes tends to wedge it
more tightly between the socket and end of the pipe. I make a small hole
through the socket, through which hole the lead or other material with which
the pipes are joined is poured.
Pipes may be made according to my Invention of earthenware, iron, or
other material of which pipes may be conveniently made, and this part of my
Invention may be applied to the loose collars sometimes used in joiningpipes
as well as to fixed sockets.
My Invention consists, secondly, of the following new or improved com.
position for joining pipes made according to my Invention and other similar
pipes. The said composition is made of one part by weight of pitch, and two
parts by weight of sand mixed together by melting the pitch and incorporating
the sand therewith. This composition is used by being poured in a melted
state through the hole in the socket into the space between the socket and the
plain end of the pipe inserted in it. This composition does not contract in
cooling, and is very hard and imperishable. Although I have found in
practice that the proportions of sand and pitch herein-before given answer
very well, yet I do not limit myself to those proportions.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Forster Cotterill in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 9th October 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
FORSTER COTTERILL, of Cannock, in the County of Stafford, Gentleman, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One

page_text: thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her reign
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me tho said
Charles Forster Cotterill, Her special licence that I, the said Charles Forster
Cotterill, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Charles Forster Cotterill, myexecutors,administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and law fully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PIPES FOR CONVEYING WATER AND GAS AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES,
AND A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR JOINING THE SAID PIPES AND OTHER
SIMILAR PIPES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles
Forster Cotterill, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that 1, the said Charles Forster Cotterill, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention consists, firstly, of the following improvements in pipes for
conveying water and gas and for other like purposes. The said pipes are
ordinarily made with a socket at one end, into which socket the plain end of
the next pipe is inserted and fixed on joining the said pipes together. The
said socket consists of a short cylindrical enlargement at the end of the
pipe, the said enlarged part joining on the other by means of a shoulder.
My Invention consists in making the socket of a conical figure, the narrow
end of the cone being turned outwards, that is, forming the open end of the
socket. The narrow or outer end of the socket is of slightly larger diameter
than the plain end of the pipe, so that the plain end of one pipe can be
inserted freely in the socket of the next. Injoining pipes made according to
my Invention, the lead or other material with which the space between the
end of one pipe and the conical socket of the other is filled assumes the
figure of a conical ring, and any pressure within the pipes tends to wedge it
more tightly between the socket and end of the pipe. I make a small hole
through the socket, through which hole the lead or other material with which
the pipes are joined is poured.

page_text: Pipes may be made, according to my Invention of earthenware, iron, or
other material of which pipes may be conveniently made; and this part of my
Invention may be applied to the loose collars or thimbles sometimes used in
joining pipes as well as to fixed sockets.
My Invention consists, secondly, of the following new or improved com-
position for joining pipes made according to my Invention and other similar
pipes. The said composition is made of one part by weight of pitch and one
and a half parts by weight of sand mixed together by melting the pitch, and
incorporating the sand therewith. This composition is used by being poured
in a melted state through the hole in the socket into the space between the
socket and the plain end of the pipe inserted in it; this composition does not
contract in cooling, and is very hard and imperishable. Although I have
found in practice that the proportions of sand and pitch herein-before given
answer very well, yet I do not limit myself to those proportions.
Having explained the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to describe,
with reference to the accompanying Drawing, the manner in which the same
is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents, in elevation, two cast-iron or earthenware pipes joined
together by means of a socket constructed according to my Invention; Figure 2
is a longitudinal section of the same, and Figure 3 is a transverse section of
the same taken through the socket.
a, b, are the two pipes, and c the conical socket, the narrow end of the cone
of which socket forms the open end of the said socket as represented. The
narrow or outer end of the conical socket c is of slightly larger diameter than
the plain end of the pipes, so that the plain end of one pipe can be inserted
freely in the socket c of the next pipe. The shape of the said socket cand
the manner in which the plain end of the next pipe is inserted therein is
clearly shown in the section, Figure 2. When the plain end of one pipe is
inserted into the socket of the next pipe the space between the said end and
socket has the figure of a ring, the outer side of which is conical. Near the
base of the cone of the socket a small hole d is made through which the lead
or other material is poured with which the pipes are joined, the said lead or
material filling up the hollow space between the pipe and the socket; the said
lead or filling material is marked c² in the Drawing. I groove or indent the
plain ends of the pipes in order that the lead or other filling material may
adhere more firmly thereto.
In filling the sockets constructed according to my Iuvention, I prefer to
use the composition constituting the second part of my Invention, but I do
not limit myself to its use. The lead or material c, with which the space

page_text: between the end of the pipe is filled, has the figure of a conical ring, and any
pressure within the pipes tends to wedge it more tightly between the socket
and end of the pipe. The pipes are thus joined very securely together, and
all leakage effectually prevented.
Figure 4 represents in elevation, Figure 5 in longitudinal section, and
Figure 6 in transverse section, a loose collar or thimble constructed according
to my Invention, employed for joining the plain ends of two pipes together.
The conical loose collar or thimble is marked e, and the pipes joined together
by the said collar are marked f, g. The conical space between the ends of
the pipes and loose collar is filled with lead or other material through the
hole h. The conical collar e is similar in construction to the conical socket c,
excepting that the said collar is so long a
was to cover the two plain ends of the
pipes to be joined together.
In making the composition constituting the second part of my Invention, I
take one part by weight of pitch, and by heat melt it in a ladle or other con-
venient vessel, and add thereto one and a half parts by weight of sand; I
thoroughly incorporate the sand with the melted pitch by stirring. The com-
position may be at once used while in a melted state, or it may be made in
large quantities, and allowed to cool, any portion when required for use being
remelted. In using the composition it is poured in a melted state through
the hole in the socket or loose collar, and the space between the socket or
collar and the end or ends of the pipes inserted therein completely filled with
the said composition; the said composition cools without contracting, and
securely fixes the pipes together.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do no
limit myself to the precise details herein described, as the same may be varied
without departing from the nature of my Invention; but
Invention,-.
claim as my
Firstly, the improvements in joining earthenware, iron, and other pipes
used for conveying water and gas and for other like purposes herein-before
described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, that is to say, by
means of a conical socket, or conical loose collaror thimble, in which the end
or ends of the pipes to be joined are inserted, the said socket or loose collar
being provided with a hole through which the lead or other filling compo-
sition is introduced into the space between the socket or loose collar and the
end or ends of the pipes inserted therein.
Secondly, the new or improved composition, berein-before described, for
oining earthenware, iron, or other pipes used for conveying water and
gas,

page_text: and for other like purposes, that is to say, a composition consisting of pitch
and sand made substantially in the manner herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Forster Cotterill, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
CHARLES FORSTER COTTERILL. (L.S.)
Witness,
E. C. CROCKETT,
Finney House,
Cannock.