Improvements in or connected with Magazine Small Arms.
Year: 1893

page_text: te of Application, 11th Jan., 1893-Accepted, 18th Mar., 189
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Magazine Small Arms.
I MURRAY HAINES DURST of Wheatland, County of Yuba, State of California,
United States of America, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to magazine bolt-guns, the object being to provide a gun of
that class having improved bolt mechanism provided with effective cartridge
extracting, bolt locking and safety devices; and provided also with an improved
magazine of relatively large capacity and of compact form, enclosed within an
exterior casing forming the breech.
In the drawings accompanying and forming part of this Specification
Figure 1 is a plan view of a breech loading magazine gun embodying my present
improvements.
Figure 2, is an elevation of the right hand side of same.
Figure 3, is a sectional side elevation (otherwise similar to Figure 2) illustrating
the manner of assembling the details of the mechanism.
Figure 4, is an end elevation on the line a, b, of Figure 3, the barrel and fore-stock
being removed.
Figure 5 is a rear elevation the stock being shown in section on the line c, d,
Figure 3.
Figure 6, is a side sectional elevation showing the bolt opened and an empty
shell partly extracted ready for the bolt to be drawn back, and
Figure 7 a view similar, showing the bolt mechanism retracted to its extreme
rearward position; this view illustrates also the manner of ejecting the empty shell
of the cartridge after extraction, a fresh cartridge being raised from the magazine
for the bolt to engage against when it is moved forward to force the cartridge into
the chamber.
Figure 8 is a sectional elevation similar to Figures 6 and 7, showing the bolt
thrown forward, turned over to the right hand and locked; this position completes
the cycle of operations ready for firing the gun; the position after firing is shown
in Figures 1. 2. 3 and 5.
Figure 9 is a sectional plan view of the bolt mechanism in its locked position,
showing the firing pin thrown forward and illustrating the construction and
arrangement of certain details in this position.
Figure 10 is a view similar to Figure 9, showing the bolt retracted to its
extreme rearward position; and aiso showing certain of the details in different
positions.
Figure 11 is a sectional view on line g, h, of Figure 9 looking rearward, and
illustrative of the construction and operation of the extractor locking and actuating
device.
Figure 12 is a view similar to Figure 11, on line i, k, of Figure 10, further
illustrative of the operation of the extractor locking and actuating device.
Figure 13 is a plan view of the pair of oppositely disposed extractors united by
the extractor carrying ring.
Figure 14 is a side view of the extractor parts shown in Figure 13, and
Figure 15 is an end view of said parts drawn in projection with Figure 14.
Figure 16 is a sectional plan view of the bolt mechanism in its unlocked position
and drawn rearward sufficiently to permit the turning of the bolt bead for
disassembling the bolt mechanism..
Figure 17 is a vertical double section on the line g¹, h³,
of Figure 16. looking

page_text: rearward showing the position of the extractors and extractor locking and actuating
device with respect to their corresponding turning grooves or notches.
Figure 18 is a plan view of the receiver or main frame, (breech).
Figure 19 is a right-hand side elevation of the receiver.
Figure 20, is a vertical transverse section on line m, n of Figure 18. and showing
a number of cartridges in the magazine.
Figure 21, is a cross sectional view of the receiver, on line e, f of Figure 18.
Figure 22, is an elevation of the forward end of the magazine receiver.
Figure 23 is a sectional plan view of the bolt.
Figure 24 is a side elevation of same.
Figure 25 is an elevation of the forward end of the bolt.
Figure 26 is a back end elevation of the firing pin head in the bolt.
Figure 27, is a vertical section of the bolt mechanism on the line g, 2 of
Figure 23 illustrating the jocked position of the firing pin with the firing pin
coupling or lock nut.
Figure 28, is a section of the bolt on the line x, y, of Figure 23 to illustrate the
manner of holding the coupling on the firing pin.
Figure 29 is a section of the bolt, on line i, j of Figures 23 and 24.
Figure 30 is a section of the bolt on line k', ¹ of Figure 23.
The positions of the details shown in Figures 27, 28, 29 and 30 correspond to
their positions, respectively in Figures 6, 7, 9 and 23.
Figure 31 is a plan view of the firing pin or striker.
Figure 32, is an end view of the firing pin from the forward end thereof.
Figure 33 is a side view of the rearward end of the firing pin.
Figure 34 is an end view of the retracting cam contained within the bolt head.
Figure 35, is a plan view of the retracting cam.
Figure 36, is an end view of the extractor grip to go over the extractor and
thereby hold the cartridge fast while the bolt is in its forward position, and to
release the cartridge case before the bolt reaches its rearward position.
Figure 37 is a front side view of the extractor gripper.
Figure 38, is a plan view of the firing pin coupling as in the same position shown
in Figure 23.
Figure 39 is a side view of said coupling.
Figure 40, is a side view of the main bolt, the lever of the bolt being shown
broken away.
Figure 41, is a plan view of the bolt and showing (by dotted lines) the interior
construction thereof.
Figure 42, is an end view of the bolt, as seen from the right hand in
Figure 40.
Figure 43 is an end view of the bolt, as seen from the left hand of Figure 40.
showing the safety bolt hole and the handle broken away.
.
Figure 44, is a transverse section of the bolt on line g, h, Figure 40, and shows
the bore for the firing pin, the side opening for the firing pin head, and the ejector
groove.
Figure 45 is a transverse section on line 2, Figure 40 and illustrates the
relative position of the ejector and ejector grooves when locked in the gun, to the
other parts of the bolt; also the coil-spring recess in the centre (Figure 29 is a
similar section of the bolt in its unlocked position).
Figure 46 is a transverse section of the bolt on the line 2, 12, Figure 40, these
three sections Figures 44, 45 and 46, in connection with Figures 40, 41, 42 and 43
illustrate in detail the construction of a main bolt.
Figure 47, is a side view of the bolt head which will be hereinafter more fully
described.
Figure 48, is an end view of the bolt head as seen from the left hand of
Figure 47, showing the firing pin opening, extractor grooves, and the relation of
the ejector to the bolt-head.

page_text: in Figure 53.
Figure 55, is a front edge view of the trigger, of which the side view is shown in
Figure 53.
Figure 56 is a side view of the safety-bolt.
Figure 57, is a plan view of the safety bolt.
Figure 58, is a side view of the bearing plate.
Figure 59, a plan view of same.
Figures 60 and 61 are respectively front end and side views of the sear.
Figures 62 and 63, are respectively side and end views of the safety bolt
actuating lever and the sear shaft, showing part of the shaft squared to receive
the sear.
Figures 64 and 65 are respectively side and end views of the cartridge-ejector,
this being shown fitted to be assembled with the sear mechanism as in Figure 54.
so that it will be flush with the trigger, and thereby be in alignment with the trigger.
and sear to receive the pressure of the spring on the bearer plate.
Figure 66, is a front end-view of the cartridge magazine assembled in the case.
or frame having a small portion broken away to show the cartridges in place also
to show the position which they take while the magazine is in use. The cut out
lever device shown at the left hand of Figure 66, is for holding the magazine in
position so that 'any jars, shocks or the firing of the gun shall not displace the
magazine and thereby interfere with the feeding of the cartridges to the barrel.
Figure 67 is a corresponding and similar view to Figure 66 with the exception
that the magazine is shown closed or "cut out" with the lever at the opposite end
of the slot for the purpose of retaining it in its idle or reserve position the magazine
thus acting as a supply or storage magazine such as when the gun has to be used
as a single loader.
Figure 68. is a side view of the cartridge magazine by itself showing its cut out
lever at the right hand, and showing, at the top the edge of the lip which is used
to hold the cartridge in the uppermost position; the assembling of the magazine is.
fully shown in Figures 3. 6. 7. 8 and 20.
Figure 69. is an end view of the magazine as seen from the right hand in.
Figure 68.
Figure 70. is a longitudinal section on the line e², f, Figure 69.
Figures 71. and 72 are respectively an end view and a side view of the con
necting or "assembling" screw.
Figures 73 and 74 are respectively side and end views of the magazine shifting
or "cut-out" lever.
Figure 75 is a plan view of a portion of the bolt mechanism, the main bolt being
broken away to show the firing pin and the recess in the rearward end of the bolt,
in which recess engages the catch of the firing-pin head. This view is illustrative
of the operation of locking the firing pin in the rearward end of the bolt by with-
drawing it beyond the end of said bolt and giving it a quarter turn upwards; this
position is shown as a mean between the two ends of the quarter-revolution, the
flange or catch of said head resting on the back end face of the bolt before it enters
the recess.
Figure 76 is a view corresponding to Figure 75 except that the firing pin head
is here shown turned completely around to its locked position; in this position it is
impossible to move the firing pin without first drawing the catch backward out of

page_text: the recess and turning the head around into its former position as shown in
Figures 77 and 79.
Figure 77 is a side elevation partially in section, showing the bolt forward and
engaging the sear-catch above the flange of the firing pin head, the bolt being
locked from firing until turned as shown in Figures 79 and 80. Figure-79. is a
view similar to Figure 77, except that the bolt has travelled forward to the closed
position ready for firing, leaving the sear free to act.
Figures 78 and 80 are end views (corresponding respectively to Figures 77 and 79)
of 'the firing pin head and sear, as seen from the right hand of Figure 79.
Similar characters designate like parts in all the figures.
My improved magazine gun comprises a breech frame or casing G, more
generally designated as the "receiver" which is adapted for enclosing the magazine
and for supporting the operative details of the magazine, it is fixed to the usual
gun-barrel S and a stock and forestock. The upper part of the receiver is
constructed and adapted for carrying a longitudinally reciprocating bolt, which
according to my present improvement has a non-rotatory bolt head B; and a rotary
reciprocating main bolt, designated in a general way by F.
The forward end. 7611 of the receiver is bored and threaded for receiving the
correspondingly threaded rearward-end 76 of the gun barrel S, which. is (or may
be) chambered in the usual manner for receiving the cartridges H, these being
herein shown of the so-called "rimless" variety. Immediately underneath the path
of the bolt, the receiver has therein an opening or passage way 90, Figures 7, 10, 17
and 18 through which (when loading the magazine) the cartridges are forced
downward into the magazine, and through which said cartridges are one at a time,
afterwards forced upward from the magazine into position for being carried forward
by the bolt. The receiver is also constructed with a cam 911 for engaging the
corresponding cam 91 of the bolt F for the purpose of withdrawing the bolt mechanism
to start the cartridge shell; by means of the two oppositely placed cams 91' and 91
the bolt is quickly and rapidly forced back until the projecting check 101 is
stopped by the receiver. The cam 92 may be like (or similar to) the cam 91' and
is for engaging the cam 92 during the locking operation for producing a forward
motion of the bolt to drive the cartridge fully home, ready for firing.
The main bolt carries (following the system usually adopted in bolt guns) the
longitudinally reciprocating firing pin and its spring, together with a firing pin
head removably fixed to the firing-pin and constructed for co-acting with the sear
of the gun mechanism, which sear is connected with a trigger for operating the
same, and is normally held in engagement with the firing pin head by means of a
spring T that in the present instance also actuates the ejector 62.
The cartridges are carried in a rotatory magazine which is designated in a
general way by Iand is located immediately under the path of the bolt and which
is contained in a magazine chamber formed between the receiver and its under
cover 80.
Means are provided for shifting the magazine by a turning to carry the
discharge opening thereof out of alignment with the corresponding passage way of
the receiver, for holding the magazine supply of cartridges in reserve.
Also the
magazine is centrally perforated to furnish a space into which the end of the cleaning
rod 94 may project, whereby a cleaner rod longer than the gun barrel may
be carried in the fore stock of the gun.
The receiver G-consists of an open frame constructed for carrying the gun
barrel, the bolt; the sear mechanism, and for attachment to the stock of the gun;
it is shown held to the forestock by means of a stud 77, whose flanged upper end
engages in the corresponding slot or recess 78 formed in the underside of the
receiver. The, lower end of the stud 77 is furnished with a binding screw 79
holding in place the forward end of the magazine cover 80 and bending between
said cover end and the receiver the rearward end of the forestock 81'. The stud 77
has therein a transverse hole-81; longitudinally of the gun, through which the
cleaning rod 94 extends into the interior space 821 of the magazine 1.
The
magazine assembling screw K also has a central opening 68, for the. passage

page_text: of said cleaning rod.
By this means sufficient space is provided longitudmany of
the gun for the reception of a cleaning rod of sufficient length to reach entirely
through the gun barrel.
The rearward end G¹ of the receiver is shown held to the forward end of the
stock 82 by the screw 83 which also holds the rearward end of the trigger
guard 84; at the forward end of the trigger guard another screw 83¹ reaches
through the trigger guard and the stock into the receiver for further strengthening
and attachment of the several parts. The trigger guard 84 and the magazine
cover 80 are herein shown constructed of a single piece, the edges of the magazine
covering the portion of said part joining the under edges of the magazine covering
rings 85 and 85' of the receiver by means of the lips 87' and 8711 (Figures 20 and 22)
for making a close joint. By means of the construction here described a chamber
circular in cross section and which may be of the general form of a cone as herein
shown is provided for the reception of a magazine 1.
The main bolt F usually designated simply as the "bolt" of the gun, is shown
provided with the projecting side cheek 101 constructed for engaging forward of
the receiver abutment 104 for receiving the backward thrust of the bolt due to the
firing of the cartridge. The bolt F being rotary reciprocating as hereinbefore
mentioned, by means of said movement the projecting wing or rib 101 is carried
from the locked position shown in Figure 3 to the unlocked position shown in
Figure 6 and vice versa. The forward end of the bolt F is bored to receive the
stem of the non-rotating bolt head, which head is designated in a general way
by B. The side wing 101 extends forwardly from the cylindrical portion of the
bolt F for carrying the hook 56 for engaging with the bolt head B to hold this in
position longitudinally of the bolt; also to carry the extractor lock actuator 64
whose function is hereinafter described in connection with the bolt head B and its
accessory devices. At its rearward end the bolt F is furnished with the usual
handle arm 98 whereby rotary and longitudinal movements may be imparted to
the main bolt this being fitted to have turning and sliding movements in the
receiver, after the well known manner of operating the general class of bolt guns
in which the main bolt (or a portion thereof) has similar successive movements.
Other minor details of the main bolt are hereinafter described in connection with
parts to which the same relate.
The "severable" bolt-head B has a stem 54 fitted to turn in the bore 54'
in the bolt F and has a side lug 59 adapted to engage in the space 591
behind the hook 56 of said bolt. The head B is centrally bored for the passage
through it of the firing pin C; in the opposite sides thereof are the grooves 60
and 60 for the extractors 57 and 57' respectively; in the lower side is the
ejector groove 63 and its front end is constructed with a projecting segmental
flange 103 for holding down the rear end of the cartridge as illustrated in Figures 7
and 8.
The bolt head B has about midway of its larger diameter a circumferential guide
way, which, in the preferred form of the mechanism is under cut on the upper side
of the bolt head and between the extractors for engaging and holding in place the
bevilled sided extractor lock and actuator; on the under side, said guideway is
widened as at 52, Figure 24. When the extractor ring 521 with its extractors is
withdrawn from the bolt head the lock and actuator 53 may be slid around in the
guide way and removed through said widened portion thereof.
When the parts
are disassembled and it is required to re-assemble them the operator first places
said extractor lock 53 in the widened portion 52 of said circumferential guide way,
and slides it over to the upper side of the bolt head into its idle or mid-stroke
position, shown in Figure 24, and then slides the extractor carrying ring 52¹ over
the stem 54 of the bolt head, the hooks 55 and 55' of said extractors respectively,
snapping over and in front of the bolt head in the position ready for use. The
bolt head and its accessory parts having been thus assembled these may then be
assembled with the bolt by sliding the stem 54 of the bolt head into the bore 54'

page_text: in the front end of the bolt (see Figures 41 and 47) and then turning the bolt head
to bring the projection 59 thereof into the corresponding notch 591 behind the
hook 56 of the bolt, thereby firmly engaging the two parts of the bolt together so
far as relates to the longitudinal movement of the bolt in the gun.
The extractor or extractors when more than one is used carried on the extractor
carrying ring 521 and this ring being freely removable from the stem 54 of the
bolt head when the bolt and said head are disengaged, furnishes a ready means for
assembling and disassembling the bolt without the use of tools; and also serves
for holding the extractor in place by means of the engagement of the bolt and
bolt-head with each other.
Two oppositely disposed extractors 57 and 571 (shown in detail in Figures 13.
14 and 15.) have at their forward ends the usual cartridge engaging hooks 55
and 55 respectively and at their rearward ends are shown joined to the extractor
ring 52, which ring fits upon the stem 54 of the bolt head B next to the shoulder 58
of said head and underneath the rearwardly extending projection 59 of the bolt
head. The extractors 57 and 57¹ lie in the opposite grooves 60 and 60¹ respec-
tively of the bolt head and about midway of the length thereof extend over the
extractor wedge 53 which lies in the groove 531 formed in the bolt head and has a
movement therein the extent of which is indicated by the two positions thereof
shown in Figures 11. 12 and 17. Said extractor wedge 53 is also designated as
the extractor lock since at one end thereof it has a catch 51' which in the position
shown in Figure 11 engages over the extractor 57' for holding the same closed
while the bolt is in its forward position. When the bolt is retracted the projecting
catch 51 is brought against the extractor actuating cam 61 of the frame G and
during the latter part of the retractive movement of the bolt is thrown from the
position shown in Figure 11 to the position shown in Figure 12, thereby releasing
the extractor 57' and by means of the wedge 53 throwing out the opposite
extractor 57, disengaging the same from the cartridge head, as shown in Figure 10.
At the end of said retractive movement of the bolt, the ejector 62 is elevated by
its actuating spring T to the position shown in Figure 7, within the under slot 63
at the forward end of the bolt head and is struck by the base of the cartridge as
indicated in Figure 7 throwing the same from the gun the cartridge being at this
time held only by the extractor 571 by reason of the other extractor 57 having
been thrown out as herein before stated.
On the forward movement of the bolt, the extractors remain in the same position
relative thereto as is shown in Figures 10, and 11 until the sliding movement of
the bolt has been completed when (on the turning of the bolt) the lip 59 of the
bolt engages upon the projection 51' of the extractor wedge and turns this over
from the position shown in Figure 12 to that shown in Figure 11 thereby letting
the cartridge H into engagement with the cartridge extractor and by means of the
catch 51' locking the opposite extractor closed, as indicated in Figure 11.
By means of the mechanism here described two similar extractors are provided
for simultaneously engaging the cartridge for extracting the same from the bore of
the gun barrel; one of the extractors becomes disengaged from the head of the
cartridge shell previous to the ejection, the other extractor remains in engagement
with the shell until it strikes against the stop 62 for the ejection thereof. The
throwing out, releasing, locking and unlocking of the extractors is automatically
accomplished by means of the ordinary movements of the bolt.
In my improved breech loading fire arm, the opening rotary unlocking movement
of the bolt is divided into two substantially equal portions the first of which does
not retract the bolt. On the locking movement of the bolt, the first said part of
the rotary movement (by means of the engagement of the inclines 91 and 92, with
the corresponding inclines 911 and 92' of the receiver) forces the bolt forward to
drive the cartridge firmly into the chamber of the barrel but this movement does
not actuate the extractor cam and lock.
On the further rotary locking movement of the bolt, said cam and lock is actuated

page_text: by the forward end 64 of the bolt to withdraw 53 in order to release the
extractor 57 and allow its hook 55 to engage in the cannelure of the cartridge
head and to lock the extractor 57' firmly into engagement in the cannelure.
On the rotary unlocking movement of the bolt, the first portion of the rotary
movement does not retract the bolt but carries the incline or cam face 91 thereof
against the aforesaid corresponding cam face or incline 911 of the receiver so that
on the further rotary unlocking movement of the bolt this is forcibly drawn back
thereby so far withdrawing or starting" the cartridge shell from the barrel as
to free it from the bore ready for final extraction by a direct pull on the handle 98
of the bolt.
66
As a means for preventing the firing of the gun when the bolt is turned into
its unlocked position the firing pin C is operatively connected with the bolt to
have corresponding rotary movements, and the bolt head B is provided with a
retracting cam constructed and operating to retract the firing pin on the turning
of the bolt to unlock the same.
The retracting cam is shown in the form of a collar or ring A inserted in the bolt
head B as shown best in Figures 23. 30. 34 and 35. The rearward end of said ring
is shown cut away to form the cam faces 3 and 31 and the entire piece is rigidly
fixed in place in the bolt head by some suitable means, as, for instance by a pin 4,
or by a screw (not shown) also, said cam may be integral with the bolt head itself
and the separate cam ring A be thus omitted. Between the cam faces 3 and 3' are
shown the stop faces 5 and 5¹ which are for positively limiting the forward move-
ment of the firing pin at the proper point.
The firing pin C consists of the rod 6 having the usual firing point 7 for striking
the cap of the cartridge. The firing pin is shown constructed on its rearward. end
with the parallel transverse notches 8 and 8' (Figures 31 and 33) for sliding the
pin as required for retracting the same in disassembling, said notches engaging with
a correspondingly shaped part hereinafter described. At a point near its forward
end (corresponding to the position of the aforesaid retracting cam) the firing pin is
provided with the cam bearings 9 and 9' for engaging the aforesaid cam faces 3 and 3'
to retract the firing pin from the position shown in Figure 9 to that shown in
Figure 16. The rotary movement of the firing pin for effecting its retraction as
aforesaid is obtained by the turning of the bolt from the position shown in Figures
to 5 inclusive to the position shown in Figures 6 and 7 the firing pin being con-
nected to revolve with the bolt, as elsewhere herein more fully set forth.
On the throwing forward of the bolt in the locking of the same in position for
firing the gun, the firing pin is turned to bring the aforesaid cam bearings 9 and 9¹
in line with the forward or deeper portion of the cam faces 3 and 31 so that on the
firing of the gun the firing pin may go forward to the position shown in Figure 9,
its forward movement being limited by the striking of the stop flanges 10 and 10'
against the stop faces 5 and 5' of said cam.
Previous to the turning of the bolt to lock the same the cam bearings 9 and 91
of the firing pin standing as they do in line with the higher portions or stop
faces 5 and 5 of the aforesaid retracting cam serve to positively prevent the
throwing forward of the firing pin to its operative position should the sear by any
means become unhooked from the firing pin head. This device therefore of a
retracting cam combined with the cam bearings of the firing pin constitutes an
effective safety device for preventing the premature firing of the gun, it being
manifestly impossible for the firing pin to go forward its full stroke until after
the bolt has been turned from its unlocked to its locked position. This safety
apparatus guards against the premature firing of a cartridge accidently before it
has been driven fully forward into the bore of the gun barrel and the bolt locked.
While the firing pin is hereinshown provided with two cam bearings 9 and 91
and the retracting cam with two corresponding cam faces, of course the combina-
tion will be operative with only one of said cam bearings and one of said cam faces.
In this case, of course, only a single stop face as 5 or 5¹ would exist on the cam,
in place of the two herein shown. I prefer however to employ the duplex

page_text: construction and arrangement of said features as illustrated in the drawings forming
a part in this Specification.
The bolt at its rearward end is bored and cut away on one side thereof to receive
the head E, which head is, through that part of its length which enters the bolt, of
the general form of a cylinder having a segmental enlargement on one side and
longitudinally thereof. The side surfaces 20 and 20¹ of said segmental enlarge-
ment Figures 78 and 80 fit between the corresponding edges 21 and 211 of the bolt
Figures 43 and 44; by this means the head E is free to slide longitudinally of the
bolt and is rotated by the bolt when this is turned from its locked to its unlocked
position and vice versa. When the bolt is in its locked position, one side 20' of
the said segmental portion of the head E comes in line with the point or catch 23
of the sear and has cut therein the safety or half cock catch 24 and the full cock
catch 25. When the bolt is in its retracted position the sear slot 26 thereof comes
to the lower side, so that when the bolt is driven forward the point of the sear
(this running in said slot) engages with the forward end of the head E above the
flange 27 thereof, as indicated in Figure 8. The sear catching the head E above
the rim or projecting edge 27 of said head, this edge constitutes a safety catch for
preventing the premature pulling of the trigger. During the later portion of the
forward movement of the bolt, the head E is held back by the engagement of the
sear with the face 25 thereof as indicated in Figure 8 (the premature discharge of
the firing pin being prevented by the aforesaid flange 27) and when the bolt is at
the forward end of its sliding stroke (as shown in Figure 8) it is then turned to iis
locked position, turning with it the head E and bringing the full cock catch 25 into
engagement with the sear as in Figure 8 ready for the firing of the gun. The
trigger 29 being now pulled back, the forward arm 30 thereof, engaging in the
socket 30 of the sear, draws down the sear to the position indicated by dotted
lines at 31 and 32 Figure 3 to disengage the catch 23 of the sear from said head
catch 25 thereby permitting the spring 17 to throw forward the firing pin to strike
the cartridge as indicated in Figure 9.
The rearward end of the head E is shown externally shaped to facilitate grasping
the same for the purpose of retracting the firing pin by hand, either for cocking
the arm ready for firing or for bringing it to the half cocked or cocked position.
In the segmental portion 33 of said head is shown formed a recess 33' for receiving
the catch of the sear so that the sear may when the firing pin head is in its forward
position assume the same position it has when engaging either of the catches 24
and 25 of said head. This construction and arrangement is for the purpose of
permitting the scar through its supporting shaft or pin 34 and the lever arm 34¹
thereof (this lever arm engaging in the notch 35 of the safety pin 36) to throw
forward said safety pin 36 to its inoperative position for permitting the locking and
unlocking of the bolt.
In the rearward end of the bolt is shown formed a shallow recess 37 corresponding
in extent to the aforesaid safety flange 27 of the head E. By drawing back the
firing pin slightly farther than its normal stroke, a little distance back of its full
cock position shown in Figure 8, the head E (together with the firing pin and its
coupling) may be turned to the position shown in Figure 76 with the segmental
When the
enlargement of said head resting against the rearward end of the bolt.
parts are in this position the bolt may be operated as when using the gun, the
loading, pulling the trigger, and extracting and ejecting, being all performed as
when the gun is in actual use, without danger of firing the cartridges. By this
means the arm is prepared for use in drilling where it is desirable to have the
soldier go through all of the manual movements without actually firing the
cartridges. By this means live cartridges may be safely passed through the gun
and in using "dummy" cartridges the destructive action of the firing pin on the
same is prevented. Also the operation of the firing pin being suspended as set
forth, it is not liable to be broken by the concussion due to its striking the stop-
faces instead of the cartridge caps, it being well understood that the "snapping"
of the gun without using the cartridges is especially objectionable.

page_text: The head E has therein the haff cock notch 87, constructed with the nose 24 for
catching over the end of the sear to lock this against action; and has the side
wall 88 for engaging the side of the sear and thereby locking the head (and through
this the bolt itself) against rotation, so long as the firing pin is in the half-cock
position. By this means the bolt is securely locked against any rotary unlocking
movement, and the " safety" of the gun assured as against firing by the turning
of the bolt.
The head E is also shown provided with a safety-stop 96 which, on the cocking
of the gun by hand by coming in contact with stop pièce 96¹ on the gun frame G
as shown in Figure 8, prevents the withdrawing of the head E farther than its
normal stroke thereby preventing excessive compression of the firing spring.
The firing pin is engaged with the head E by means of a coupling piece D, which
has therein the slot 11 (Figure 39) for engaging the flatted and notched rearward
end (see Figure 31) of the firing pin. In the preferred form thereof herein shown,
said firing pin coupling D has at the forward end thereof the oppositely disposed
lugs 12 and 121 set crosswise to said end-lugs. In the rearward end of the head E
is formed a socket for receiving said coupling piece D. Said socket has the
inwardly projecting flanges 14 (Figure 24) whose opening is shaped to permit the
passage through it of the end lugs 12 and 121 of the coupling D. Beyond said
flange 14 the socket of the head E is enlarged at 15, Figure 6, to permit of the
rotation of said end lugs within it. The coupling being inserted with its end lugs
through said flange opening at 14 is then rotated until its second lugs 13 and 13¹
also pass into the opening of said flange 14, said end lugs 12 and 12' of the coupling
then rest against the inner surface 16 of the head E, and the lugs 13, 13¹ closely
fit said opening in the flange 14. By this means, the coupling (so long as it is
drawn forward into the position shown in Figures 23 and 24.) is rigidly locked in
place against rotation relatively to the bolt. The firing pin engaging said coupling
piece in the positive manner described and the coupling being positively locked as
set forth with the head E. the firing pin is then positively rotated with its said
head (this being rotated by the bolt) to turn the firing pin relatively to the
aforesaid retracting cam of the bolt head B thereby bringing the firing pin to its
proper rotative position at the proper time for the firing of the gun, and also
turning said pin to retract the same while the bolt mechanism is unlocked or drawn
back. Said firing pin coupling is held normally in the position shown in Figures 23
and 24 in its locked position by the action of the firing pin spring 17, which,
reacting against the shoulder 18 of the bolt acts against the stop flanges 10 and 10'
(and the rearward ends of the bearing cams 9 and 9) to normally draw the bolt
and the coupling forward within the head and thus maintain the engagement of
said parts.
The sear mechanism, shown assembled by itself in Figures 53 and 54, consists of
the sear, designated in a general way by O; a trigger Pengaging with the sear;
the sear supporting shaft 34 the bearing plate R, and the sear spring T. The sear
is shown with a square opening 70 (see Figure 61) fitting a corresponding square
portion 70' of the sear shaft 34; it has a pin hole 71 and a slot 71' (Figures 60
and 61) for receiving the rearward end of the bearing plate R. this being connected
to the sear by the pin 72 (Figure 53) and its forward end resting upon the lower
arm 72 of the ejector N. In the rearward end of the sear below the catch 23
thereof is formed the socket 30¹ (Figure 61) in which engages the correspondingly
shaped forward end of the arm 30" of the trigger P which is shown having two
bearings 73 and 731 that come against the underside 73" of a portion of the
receiver frame G₁ of the gun, see Figs. 3. 6. 7 and 8. The lower end or finger
piece 29 of the trigger extends downward through a slot in the upper side 29¹ of
the guard and stands within the usual space within the trigger guard. When the
gun is made ready for firing, as in Figure 8, the forward bearing 73 of the trigger
rests against 73 of the receiver frame G giving a relatively powerful action for
starting the scar; when this is drawn nearly off from the catch 25 of the head, the
second trigger-bearing 73¹ comes against the gun frame, giving an increased
B

page_text: resistance, acting after the manner. ofua stop, and on the further movement of the
trigger disengaging the sear therefrom. The sear spring T is supported at its
lower end on the trigger guard as shown in the sectional views Figures 3.6. 7 and 8
and at its upper end bears against the under side of the bearing plate R. at such a
point in the length thereof (substantially as shown) as will properly distribute the
force of the spring between the sear and the ejector, this requiring a free action
and only a small amount of power for its operation.
When the sear stands in the relief-notch 33¹ of the head, as indicated by dotted
lines in Figure 3, the rear end of the safety bolt 36 stands just forward of the bolt
arm in line with the hole 75 in said arm when the bolt is in position for firing.
The parts being thus positioned relative to each other, the first downward
movement of the sear, acting through the shaft or pin .34 and the arm 34¹ herein-
before described, throws back said safety bolt 36, which immediately engages with
the bolt arm and rigidly locks this against movement during the disengagement of
the sear from the head. Said head being thrown forward by the firing pin spring
to the position in Figure 9 the relief notch 33' of said head comes over the point of
the sear which is thus permitted to be elevated by its actuating spring, and
operates, through the aforesaid connecting parts 34 and 34¹ to withdraw the safety
bolt from its engagement with the bolt arm. The bolt being thus unlocked is now
free to be turned from its position in Figure 9 to that shown in Figure 6, ready to
be drawn back.
The safety device described consisting of the safety bolt 36 and its actuating
means operable from the sear operates to lock the bolt arm, whether the firing pin
be forward as in Figure 3, or whether it be drawn back to the full cock position as
in Figure 8. The engagement of the safety bolt 36 with the bolt arm being by
means of the hole 75 in said arm, any upward movement of said arm carries said
hole 75 out of line with the safety-bolt so that on pulling upon the trigger the
sear and its connecting devices throw the safety bolt against the forward side
or face 86 (Figures 8 and 9) of the bolt arm, and thus interposes an effective
stop against the further movement of the sear. By this means the firing of the
gun is effectually prevented except when the bolt is fully turned to its firing
position.
The ejector, designated in a general way by N, and shown in detail in Figures 64
and 65, is in the form of a lever supported on the sear shaft 34 so that its point 62,
on the retraction of the bolt, runs in the sear channel 26 in the lower side of the
bolt and in the grooves 261 and 63 on the underside of the head B see the sectional
view Figure 6. The force of the spring T transmitted through the bearing plate R,
normally holds the upper end of the ejector against the bolt, and when the bolt is
withdrawn nearly to its rearward position throws the point of the ejector, upward
into the groove 63 of the head B as illustrated in Figure 7, so that the cartridge
base shall strike it fairly and at a point near the lower edge thereof.
Besides carrying the sear and the ejector, the sear shaft 34 is furnished with the
safety bolt actuating arm 34¹, whose upper end engages in a notch at 35 (Figures 56
and 57) formed in one side of said safety bolt. The shaft arm .34 works in a
slot 34, Figures 18, 19 and 21, formed in the side of the receiver the extent of
said slot being indicated by the dotted line w Figure 19. When assembling these
details, the sear, trigger, and bearing plate, together with the ejector placed against
the side of the sear, are slipped into the mortise 74 of the receiver of the gun, the
safety bolt 36 is slipped into the hole 751 (Figure. 21) and the sear shaft is,slid
into its bearings 76 and 761 (Figure 18) with its arm.34' in the position shown by
dotted lines in Figure 19; after this the shaft is pushed into place and turned to
bring its arm 34' into the aforesaid slot 34" and the upper end of said arm into
engagement with the said notch.35 of the safety bolt, the parts now assuming the
position shown in Figures 3 and 53. It will be understood that the safety bolt is
slid into place during the turning..of the shaft arm upward toward its normal,
position shown in Figure 3 so as to bring the lever properly into the notch, in a
manner which will be understood. by comparison of the figures of drawing, with, the

page_text: described.
preceding description. When thus assembled the sear mechanism is held in
place by the wall 34111 of the receiver extending downwardly outside of the sear
shaft arm.
The parts are disassembled by a reversal of the operations here
The magazine, designated in a general way by I, consists of two principal parts,
one being designated in a general way as the shell or casing the other as the core
or follower. The casing consists of the outer shell or wall 65 having integral
therewith the front end wall or disc 65¹ and has projecting inwardly therefrom the
collar, or circular cartridge bearing, for supporting the forward end of the cartridges.
At its larger end the shell engages with the outer edge of the disc or head 66 of
the follower, this having a central core or tube 66' reaching forward to the casing
head 67 and being held thereto by means of the assembling screw K.
This screw
is shown formed hollow 68 for the passage through it, as herein before mentioned,
of the cleaning rod.
In one side of the magazine casing 65 is an opening or slot at 69 (Figures 66. 69
and 70) for the entrance and exit of the cartridges these being guided by the
inwardly projecting longitudinal flange 69' of the casing; which flange guides
the cartridges downwardly on to the aforesaid collar or cartridge way 69" of the
forward head or end wall of the magazine; and guides the rearward ends of the
cartridges on to the corresponding cartridge way 69 on the rearward end wall of
the magazine.
The spring L for forcing out the cartridges is a coiled spring carried on the
outside of the core or tube 66' between the aforesaid cartridge ways 69" and 69¹³,
and inside of the circular layer of cartridges lying upon said ways.
The cartridges are delivered by the magazine into the passage way 90 of the
receiver at a sufficient height to be engaged by the forward end of the bolt (see
Figure 7) which on its forward movement forces the point of the cartridge against
the usual incline formed in the receiver at 99. for lifting and guiding the cartridge
into the bore of the gun barrel S.
According to my present improvements, the complete magazine when assembled
for use, comprises only two parts the magazine casing and core, and the spring.
Also, the spring is not enclosed in any chamber and is therefore accessible so far
as necessary to prevent the choking of the same by any accumulation of dirt, which,
it will be remembered, is a serious objection to those cylindrical or conical cartridge
magazines in which there is a separate cartridge carrier and in which the spring is
enclosed within a chamber so as not to be readily accessible.
As a means for holding the magazine supply of cartridges in reserve, the
magazine is made shiftable to carry the discharge opening 69 of the magazine out
of alignment with said passage way 90 of the receiver. This feature will be under-
stood by comparison of the two views Figures 66 and 67 in the former of which
the magazine is shown in position for operation while the latter, Figure 67, the
magazine is shown turned or shifted part way around, carrying the discharge
opening thereof to one side of the cartridge passage way 90, thereby cutting off the
passage of the cartridges out of the magazine.
The rotatory magazine, together with the assembling screw K thereof, is centrally
perforated, for the purpose of receiving the end 93 of the cleaning rod 94. This
rod is of the ordinary description except that its length is greater than the length
of the gun barrel so that, in cleaning the barrel, the wiping rag may be forced
entirely through the bore and still retain firm hold of the opposite end of the
cleaning rod. The extra length or point 93 of the cleaning rod 94 extends through
the bore 68 of the assembling screw and into the interior space 82' of the magazine
as will be understood from Figure 8.
When it is required to disassemble the bolt and its accessories it is drawn back
to bring the bolt head to the position indicated by broken lines g', h¹, in Figure 16
the projection 51 riding in the recess 95. The head B is then turned round to the
position indicated in the sectional view Figure 17 for the lip 51 to enter recess 50
which enables the head B to be released from the bolt F which may then be drawn

page_text: •
directly back out of the gun after which the head is readily taken out of its place
through the side-opening of the receiver.
The bolt is then set upright with the pin 7 upon some hard substance to compress
the spring 17 sufficiently for the coupling D to project beyond the socket of the
head E the coupling is then slid sideways to remove it from the head of the pin C
after which the head can be removed from the outer end of the bolt F, the pin C
and the spring 17 being withdrawn from the other end.
By this means the mechanism may be quickly removed and replaced without
the use of any tools and when the gun is assembled the two parts of the bolt
mechanism are safe from accidental separation.
When, in using the gun, the bolt is moved forward, the point 62 of the ejector
stands within the so-called "sear-groove" 26 of the bolt F and when the bolt gets
to its forward position the space or recess 100 (see Figures 3 and 8) at one side
of said sear groove receives the point of the ejector 62 on the turning of the
bolt to its locked position.
When the mechanism is ready for firing, the firing pin and sear being in the
position shown in Figures 8 and 79, the first movement of the trigger draws down
the sear (by means of the sear shaft and its lever arm) and throws back the safety
bolt 36 into engagement with the arm 98 of the main bolt F thus locking said main
bolt closed, as in Figures 3 and 5. - The further movement of the trigger withdraws
the sear point 23 from its engagement with the face 25, thereby allowing the firing
pin spring 17 to throw the firing pin C forward to the position shown in Figures 3
and 9. At this time the sear point stands immediately below the head E at 331
some distance rearward of the half cock notch 87, as shown in Figure 3. In
order to permit the elevation of the sear point 23 and thus operate the connecting
shaft 34 and lever 34' to withdraw the safety bolt 36 from its engagement with
the main bolt F, the head E is cut away or shaped as at 33, thus providing a space
into which the sear-point may project on its upward or return movement. By this
means the releasing of the trigger and sear after the firing of the gun operates to
disengage the safety device described and leave the bolt F ready for its rotary
unlocking movement, this movement being, as herein before described, from its
position in Figure 9 to that in Figure 6. During this unlocking movement the
surface at 33' of the head E (said surface being eccentric or cam shaped as shown)
forces down the sear so that on the retraction of the bolt the sear rides over the
lower surface of the head E and springs up into the sear groove 26 shown in the
underside of the bolt, as illustrated for instance, in Figure 6. On the forward
movement of the bolt the sear stands in said sear groove until it engages the head
immediately over the catch or rim 27 thereof, and holds back said head during the
remainder of the forward movement of the bolt, thereby cocking the gun, as
illustrated in Figures 77 and 79.
The general operation of my improved magazine gun is as follows:
It
On loading the magazine with cartridges, these being forced downward through
the receiver (after the well known manner of loading magazines from cartridge
holders or clips) the cartridges force back the carrier L as indicated in Figure 20
and the action of the spring when the loading operation is finished drives forward
the cartridges until the last one put in stands in the opening 90 of the receiver, as
indicated in Figure 20, ready to be carried forward by the bolt mechanism.
will of course he understood that prior to loading the magazine as stated_the
bolt.is first unlocked and then drawn back to the position indicated in Figure 7.
The magazine being supplied as set forth, the bolt head on the forward-
movement of the bolt engages against the base of the cartridge and pushes the
same forward into the barrel S of the gun to about the position shown in Figure 6
bringing the rearward end of the side wing 101 into position for engaging the
cam 92 of the receiver so that on turning the bolt over towards the right said cam
forces forward the bolt to its fully closed position and said wing locks the same
against rearward movement. During said forward movement of the bolt, the sear,
by engaging the forward end of the head E will have retracted the firing pin and

page_text: on the rotary locking movement of the bolt and said head, the safety flange 27 is
carried to one side of the sear, leaving the gun cocked ready for firing.
The gun having been thus loaded and made ready for firing the shooter pulls
back on the trigger 29 to draw down the sear and in doing so operates (as herein-
before stated) the safety bolt 36 to engage the same with the arm 98 of the main
bolt F thereby positively locking said main bolt closed. On the further movement.
of the trigger the sear is withdrawn from the full cock notch 25 thus allowing the
firing pin spring 17 to throw forward the firing pin against the head of the cartridge
as indicated in Figure 9. During the rotary locking movement aforesaid of the
bolt F the firing pin is turned as herein before set forth to bring its cam bearings in
alignment with the deeper portion of the retracting cam A of the bolt head B so as
to permit the firing pin to go forward sufficiently far to strike the cartridge.
The gun having been fired, the shooter releases the trigger, thereby permitting
the spring T to elevate the sear and retract the safety bolt 36 after which (by
means of the handle 98) the bolt F is turned by an uplift of the handle 98; this
movement disengages 101 from 104 and partially unlocks it, a continuation of the
handles motion brings the cams 91 and 91¹ into operation for starting the cartridge
from the barrel as indicated in Figure 6, and is then quickly drawn back its full
stroke; the point of the ejector 62 just before the end of said backward stroke (one
of the extractor hooks being disengaged from the cartridge head as hereinbefore
described) is struck by the base of the cartridge shell and forcibly ejects the same
from the gun, as illustrated in Figures 7 and 10. The old shell having been thus
disposed of and the face of the bolt head being at a point rearward of the magazine,
the uppermost cartridge in the magazine is forced upward by the magazine spring
into position for being taken by the bolt and pushed forward into the barrel and
thus fired and extracted as hereinbefore described, these operations continuing
until the supply of cartridges is exhausted.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In a breech loading draw bolt small arm, the bolt appendages hereinbefore
described and marked B, C, D, E, F, the several pieces being constructed and
arranged for disconnection and replacement, as set forth and substantially as
indicated in the drawings.
2. Arranging extractor appliances in connection with a circumferentially moving
wedge for releasing one extractor from one segment of the cartridge shell ready
for ejection as set forth and substantially as represented in the drawings.
3. The employment of an ejector stop in combination with two extractors and
releasing wedge all operated in the manner and for the purposes described.
4. Providing a cam in the needle hole in the forward end of the non rotatable
portion of a draw back bolt for withdrawing the needle and its point to appear
within the bolt on the handle being turned upwards, said needle being retained in
that position until the motion on trigger releases it, substantially as described.
5. The hereinbefore described circular reciprocating magazine enclosed in outer
casing and provided with hollow central part with hollow screw for end of cleaning
rod.
6. The combination of an extractor with a locking arrangement for binding the
extractor upon the cartridge head during extraction substantially as described and
as shown in the annexed drawings.
7. The safety bolt arrangement of appliances operated by or from the trigger as
described and substantially as shown in the annexed drawings for locking down the
bolt as set forth.
y 1095.
H. GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said M. H. Durst.