Improvements in and relating to Type-writers.
Year: 1893

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Type-writers.
I, GEORGE CANFIELD BLICKENSDERFER, a, citizen of the United States of
America, residing at No. 385. Broadway, in the City, County and State of New
York, one of the United States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and. by the following statement :-
This invention relates to type-writing machines, and consists in certain
improvements in the construction thereof, as will be hereinafter fully set forth and
pointed out in the subjoined claims. The invention is illustrated in the accom-
panying drawings as follows:
Figure 1 is a top or plan view of a type-writer such as is shown in British
Patent No. 15,186, of September 8, 1891. In this illustration all of the type keys
except one are omitted, and also the type wheel.
Figure 2 is a side elevation of the frame work of the machine shown in Figure 1,
looking at the left hand side of said figure. In this illustration the key-mechanism
is omitted and also the paper carriage, type-wheel, and so forth, leaving only the
carriage, driving shaft, and the means for actuating the same.
Figure 3 is a perspective view of the parts shown at the left of Figure 2, namely
the carriage driving shaft, F, the gear for moving said shaft and the lever for
moving said gear.
Figure 4 is a perspective view of the ruling devices, E, E, and the feed actuating
cam D, seen at the left of Figure 1.
Figures 5 and 6 are detail views, that will be explained in place hereinafter.
Figure 7 is an end elevation of the carriage looking from the left of Figure 1,
with the ratchet wheel b¹ and the hand wheel, b, omitted.
Figure 8 is a detail view that will be referred to in place hereinafter.
The purposes of the invention are, first, to provide improved means for gigging
or returning the paper carriage to its normal position; second, to provide means
for automatically actuating the feed rollers of the carriage as the carriage is gigged
or returned to its normal position; and, third, to provide improved means for
drawing lines upon the paper, such as underscoring, ruling, &c. These several
improvements are not limited in their use to machines of the type shown in the
drawings, but may be applied to many different types of type-writing machines,
and therefore I do not desire to be understood as limiting my invention to any
particular type of machine, although it may often be necessary to modify and
and change the construction here illustrated, in order to adapt the invention to
various types of machines. Such modifications, however, will not alter or abridge
the essential elementary features of my device, and any person skilled in the art will
have no difficulty, after having become familiar with the construction here shown, in
adapting my device to most of the various type-writing machines.
The invention as applied in the machine shown in the accompanying drawings, is
constructed as follows:
A designates the frame of the machine; B, the frame of the carriage; B¹ the
large paper roller or platen; B the shield or guide which holds the paper in con-
tact with the platen; B³ the small feed roller or presser roller; b, b, are the hand
wheels at each end of the platen, for manually turning it; 6 is the ratchet wheel
upon which the actuating pawl operates and it is on the shaft of the platen the
same as the hand wheels.
C is the pawl which acts upon the ratchet, b', and it is pivoted at c on a plate C¹
that is iournaled at c¹ concentric with the ratchet 61, on the shaft of the platen, and

page_text: serves as a pawl carrier. This plate, C', has two limiting faces, o, and which
act upon the limiting-screw and the lug and thus limit the movement of the
said plate and its supported pawl. By turning the screw one way or the other
the degree of movement of the pawl carrying plate C¹, is regulated. The pawl C
is weighted by its outwardly extending operating arm so that normally its point is
out of engagement, with the ratchet wheel, and the platen is, therefore, normally
free to be rotated in either direction by the hand wheels b, b. To operate this pawl
mechanisin to turn the platen, the outer end of the pawl C is moved upward. This
may be done manually, or, as will now be described, mechanically by the action of
the machine. On the outer end of the pawl C there is an anti-friction roller o
and on the frame piece A* of the machine is a cam plate D, in position to
contact with the pawl-arm when the carriage is returned to its normal position;
that is, into position to commence a new movement to the left. As the carriage
is completing its movement to the right, the pawl-arm comes in contact with
the lower part of cam D and runs up its inclined face. This lifts the pawl-arm
up and moves (by means of the ratchet) the platen, to position the paper for a
new line. The cam D is of sufficient length to move the pawl through its
farthest limit of action, and it will, of course, more the pawl through any lesser
limit. of action properly, because such lesser, movement will be effected by the
upper part of the cam. As the carriage moves to the left in printing a line, the
pawl arm leaves the cam, and returns to its normal position by the action of
the returning spring shown in Figure 7.
It will thus be seen that the platen will be turned to position the paper for a
new line by simply drawing the carriage back to the position to start a new line,
and it may also be turned to feed the paper by manually lifting the pawl arm.
Hence when a double space between lines is wanted, the operator will manually lift
the pawl-arm and let it react before he returns the carriage to normal; and it will
also be seen that the space between the lines is regulated by adjusting the limiting
screw On a quadrant formed arm, & extending from the frame work B, as seen
in detail in Figure 8, there is a scale by which the width of line-spaces is indicated
to the operator by observing the position of the point on the pawl carrying
plate C', relative to said scale.
In the construction here shown the means for moving the carriage to the left
while printing consists of a propelling shaft, F, having thereon a pinion F³, shown
in Figure 3, which gears with a rack on the carriage, not shown in said figure; a
ratchet, F, acted upon by a pawl T that receives its action through the type keys T
and the intermediate gearing, T', T2, T3; and a second ratchet F (Figure 2) which
is acted upon by the pawl S that receives its action from the spacer key S and
intermediate gearing S1, S2, S3, and S'; and the pawls, S₁ and T₁ are normally out
af contact with the ratchets upon which they respectively act, and hence the
shaft F, is normally free to be revolved by the movement of the carriage manually
or by other means than the type-key and spacer-key action; and therefore the
carriage is normally free to be moved manually or by other means than by the
action of the keys.
In this construction I have provided means for rotating the shaft F by the action
of a lever, in a reverse direction from that in which it is moved by the action of
the key mechanism, which mechanism is normally free from the shaft and therefore
does not interfere with its movement when actuated by the key mechanism.
The object of this added mechanism is to enable the operator to return the
carriage toward the right for beginning a new line by the manipulation of a special
lever or key. The construction of this added mechanism as illustrated, is as
follows:
On the shaft there is fixed a clutch f, and loosely sleeved on said shaft is a
worm-pinion G having at its end a clutch formation to engage the clutch f
On a part A' of the frame work of the machine is journaled a worm-wheel G
which meshes with the worm-pinion G'. Attached to this worm-wheel is a beveled
spur-gear, H. On a lever H, which is pivoted to the frame A at h is a bevel-geared

page_text: quadrant, H', meshing with the gear H³.'' Hence by moving the lever H, the worm
gearing, G, G' will be actuated. The worm pinion G¹is sleeved on the shaft F so
as to rotate freely thereon. It is also free to move longitudinally of the shaft to a
limited-extent. The action of the two parts G and G¹ upon each other causes the
part G to move back and forth longitudinally on said shaft at the same time that it is
oscillated or rotated back and forth on said shaft. The longitudinal movements
throws the clutch-formations g and f into and out of action upon each other according
to the direction of motion of the parts, G, G¹. Therefore, when the worm-wheel G.
is rotated so as to turn the worm gear toward the right hand side of the machine,
the clutches g and will engage and the shaft F will be rotated toward the right.
This will draw the carriage back towards the right, and when the action of the
wheel G is reversed, the clutches will not engage but will separate and the shaft F
will not be moved. When the shaft, F is turned toward the left by the action of
the type keys or the spacer key, the clutches g and will quickly become:
disengaged, because when the worm-gear G' is turned toward the left it is moved,..
by the action of its teeth upon the teeth of the wheel, G, out. of contact with the
clutch-part f. On the frame, A, under the, worm-gear G¹ I attach a spring g',
which presses against the worm-gear and acts as a break to steady its action and
prevent it slipping out of engagement with the clutch too easily.
It will therefore be observed that, when the carriage has reached its limit of
movement toward the left, and is ready to be returned to the position to commence
new line, the operator by moving the lever H, draws the carriage back to normal
and at the same time moves the pawl Cup the inclined face of the cam D and thus
a'
not
the age receipto normal but the platen is turned so as to move
1.
'
position to
a new line of printing.
The means for automatically turning the paper roller and the means for
returning the carriage to normal need not necessarily be used in conjunction,
for each may be used separately, but when used in conjunction their conjoined action
produces a new and useful result, to wit; the adjustment of all the parts into position"
to begin a new line by operating a single lever or key.
:[
1.3
The means here shown for drawing lines upon the paper are shown in Figures 1,
4, 5 and 6, and consist of a cylindrical head E, on a rod or shaft E¹ journaled on
the frame pieces A', A, at a¹, and a², and having a handle e at the end of the
shaft E! nearest the operator. In Figure 5 the head E is shown in longitudinal
section and the ruling wheel e and ink roller e² are displayed in elevation. At a
convenient point on the rod E' there is an arm e, carrying a pin e, and in the
adjoining frame piece AL there are three holes a into which said pin can enter, and
when entered the rod or shaft cannot turn. These holes a are so placed that if the
pine is in the upper one the wheel e will be in position to draw a horizontal line
on the paper, and if in the lower one the wheel will be in position to draw a vertical"
line on the paper, and if in the middle hole the wheel will be in position to draw a
diagonal line on the
the paper. A spring is provided for holding the shaft E' in such
a position that the pin, e will enter the upper hole a when the shaft and head are
moved longitudinally. I adopt this as the normal position because horizontal lines
are more often drawn than any others. I provide two ruling devices so that lines
in two colors can be drawn.
108 7
11.
The operation of ruling is as follows:
...
::
'
10
3.
The operator to draw a horizontal line will push the rod E' longitudinally and
this will press the wheel e against the paper and it will enter the pin e* in the upper
hole a and so lock the rod against turning. He will then draw the carriage one
way or the other as he pleases, and this will effect a horizontal ruling on the paper.
e will enter the
If he wants to draw a vertical line, he will turn the rod so, the pin
lower hole a and then push it in so as to press the wheel el against the platen, and
then, while holding the ruling device with one hand he will roll the platen with the
other band acting upon one of the hand wheels/ If he desires to draw a diagonal
line, he will proceed as before, only entering the pin into, the middle hole, and
he will draw the carriage longitudinally while revolving the platen
1:

page_text: In my British Patent No. 15186, of September 8, 1891, hereinbefore referred to,
I have shown, described, and claimed means for drawing lines upon paper, and I do
not intend to here claim the invention there shown and claimed. The advantages
of my present construction are that the ruling devices can be turned so that the
same ruling wheel can be used to draw horizontal, vertical, and diagonal lines,
whereas in my former constructions a different ruling wheel was used for drawing
differently directed lines. A further advantage exists in the provision of means
for operating the ruling devices without reaching over the machine. The first of
these advantages is attained by journaling the head carrying ruling wheel on an
axis that is at right angles to the axis of the platen, whereby the said wheel may
be presented to the platen with its axis at right angles to the axis of the platen or
parallel with the same or at an angle intermediate thereof.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
.1. In a
a type-writing machine, the combination with a rotating platen, and means.
for rotating the same, on the paper carriage of said machine, of means, on the
frame of the machine, for actuating said platen-rotating-means as the carriage is
moved on its ways.
2. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a rotating platen and a pawl-
and-ratchet device for rotating said platen, on the paper-carriage of the machine,
of a cam, on the frame of the machine, for actuating said pawl and ratchet device
as the carriage is moved on its ways.
3. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a rotating platen and means
for moving the same rotatively more or less at each action, as said means are
adjusted, on the paper carriage of the machine, of means on the frame of the
machine for actuating said variable platen-rotating-means variably as the carriage
is moved on its ways.
4. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a rotating platen and an
adjustable pawl and ratchet device for moving said platen rotatively more or less
at each action of the pawl, according as it is adjusted, on the paper carriage of the
machine, of a cam, on the frame of the machine, for actuating said pawl more or
less according to its adjustment, as the carriage is moved on its ways.
5. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a paper-moving mechanism
on the paper carriage, of means on the frame of the machine for actuating said
paper-moving mechanism as the carriage is moved on its ways.
6. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a paper-moving mechanism
on the paper-carriage, of a cam on the frame of the machine for actuating said.
paper-moving mechanism as the carriage is moved on its ways.
7. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a paper-moving mechanism
on the paper carriage, of means on the frame of the machine for moving said
paper-moving mechanism as the paper carriage is moved toward the right, thereby
positioning the paper and the carriage for printing a new line by one operation of
the mechanism.
"
'8. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a paper-moving mechanism
on the paper carriage, of a cam on the frame of the machine for moving said
paper-moving mechanism having its incline increasing toward the right of the
machine, whereby the said paper-moving mechanism will be operated as the carriage
moves toward the right and thereby position the paper for a new line as the carriage.
is positioned to begin said line.
9. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a paper carriage, a paper
moving mechanism on said carriage a reversing mechanism on the frame of the
machine, for moving said carriage to the right to position the carriage for com-
mencing a new line, and means, also on the frame of the machine, for actuating
said paper-moving mechanism on the carriage, when said carriage is being moved
to the right by said reversing mechanism, whereby the paper is positioned
AL
E:

page_text: laterally and vertically for beginning a new line by operating said reversing
mechanism.
10. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a paper carriage, a paper
moving mechanism on said carriage, a reversing mechanism on the frame of the
machine for moving said carriage toward the right, and a cam on the frame of the
machine for moving said paper-moving mechanism on the carriage as said carriage
moves toward the right, whereby the paper is positioned both laterally and vertically,
by actuating said reversing mechanism.
11. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a paper carriage, means for
moving the same to the left step by step as the type-key levers and spacer-lever
are, actuated, and a reversing-lever and proper gearing actuated thereby for
actuating the carriage moving means reversely and thereby moving the carriage
backward or to the right.
12. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a paper carriage, a driving
shaft for moving said carriage on its ways, means for rotating said shaft to move
said carriage toward the left as the type-keys and spacer-key is operated, and, a
reversing lever and proper, gearing actuated thereby for rotating said shaft
reversely and thereby moving said carriage backwardly or to the right.
13. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a paper carriage, a driving
shaft for moving said carriage on its ways, means for rotating said shaft for moving
the carriage toward the left as the type-keys and spacer key are actuated, said
means being normally out of engagement with said shaft, and a reversing lever
and proper gearing actuated thereby which is normally out of engagement with
said shaft, for rotating said shaft reversely and thereby moving said carriage back-
wardly or to the right.
14. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a paper carriage that is
normally free to be moved in either direction, paper moving mechanism on said
carriage that is normally free to be moved in either direction, a lever on said
carriage for actuating said paper-moving mechanism, type-key-levers and a spacer
lever on the frame of the machine by the action of which the carriage will be
moved to the left, a reversing lever on the frame of the machine by the action of
which the carriage will be moved to the right, and means on the frame of the
machine for contacting with and actuating the lever for moving the paper-moving
mechanism on the paper carriage when said carriage is being moved by the said
reversing lever.
15. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a paper carriage that is
normally out of engagement with its actuating means and, hence, free to be moved
manually in either direction, mechanism for moving said carriage to the left through
the action of the type-keys and the spacer-key, gearing for reversing the action of
the said carriage and bringing it back to normal, and a lever on the frame of the
machine in proximity to the key-board for operating said carriage reversing
gearing.
16. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a paper carriage, means
for moving said carriage to the left by the action of the type-keys and the spacer-
key, gearing for reversing the action of said carriage and bringing it back to
normal and a lever on the frame of the machine for operating said carriage
reversing gearing.
:
:
17. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a paper carriage having a
reciprocating movement, means on said carriage for moving the paper at right
angles to the line of the reciprocating motion of the carriage, a ruling device on
the frame of the machine, means for bringing said ruling device into action against
the paper, and means for turning said ruling device so as to properly act upon the
paper when being moved by either the reciprocating movement of the carriage
or at right angles thereto or when being simultaneously moved in both said
directions.
18. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a paper carriage that is
normally free to be moved manually on its ways, means on said carriage for moving

page_text: the paper at right angles to the reciprocating movement of the carriage, which
paper moving means are free to be moved manually in either direction, a ruling
device on the frame of the machine, means for bringing said ruling device into
action against the paper, and means for turning said ruling device so as to properly
act upon the paper when being moved by either the reciprocating movement of the
carriage or at right angles thereto or when being simultaneously moved in both
said directions.
19. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a reciprocating carriage,
means on said carriage for moving the paper at right angles to the reciprocating
movement of said carriage and means on the frame of the machine for drawing
lines upon the paper when being moved either by the reciprocating action of
the carriage or by the paper moving means on the carriage or simultaneously by
both.
20. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a roller platen on the paper
carriage, a pawl for moving said platen that has an arm with an anti-friction
roller thereon, and the cam D on the frame of the machine for contacting with
and moving said roller, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
21. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a roller-platen on the paper
carriage, a pawl for moving said platen that has an arm extending out into line
with the frame work of the machine and a cam on said frame work for con-
tacting with and moving said pawl-arm, substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.
22. In a type-writing machine, the combination with the carriage moving
shaft F of the lever H, having thereon the segment gear H', the pinion H',
meshing with said segment, a driving gear moved by said pinion H', and a driven
pinion on the shaft F and meshing with the driving gear whereby said shaft is
rotated by the action of said lever H, substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.
23. In a type-writing machine, the combination of the carriage moving shaft, F,
a clutch on said shaft, a loose sliding worm pinion G' on said shaft and having a
clutch g for engaging said clutch f, a worm wheel, G, for rotating and sliding
said pinion G¹ into engagement with said clutch f, a mitered pinion H³ for rotating
said worm wheel and a lever H, with segment H' for acting upon said mitered
pinion H².
24. In a type-writing machine, the combination with the carriage and the platen
thereof, a ruling device consisting of the head, E, and rod E', the inking pad e
and wheel e in said head, said ruling device being journaled on the frame of
the machine and provided with means for turning the same and for holding the
same in position and being also longitudinally movable in its bearings.
25. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a carriage, a platen on said
carriage, a ruling device journaled on the frame of the machine, that consists of the
head E, the rod E¹, the wheel, e, the inking pad e², the crank handle e, the arm e
with holding pin e, adapted to engage the holes a in the frame piece A¹, and the
reacting springs +³.
26. In a type-writing machine, the combination of the roller platen B¹, the
ratchet on the shaft of said platen, the pawl C, the pawl-carrying plate C¹
having limiting faces c² and c³ and the pointer c, and the limiting stop 63, the
limiting screw 6 and the gauge-plate on the frame B of the carriage in which
said platen is journaled.
n
11.
71 .
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1000
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.