IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SACKS, KNAPSACKS, MATTRESS CASES, AND OTHER GOODS
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Louis Rudolph Bodmer, of No. 2, Thavies Inn,
Holborn, in the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SACKS, KNAPSACKS, MATTRESS CASES,
AND OTHER GOODS."-A communication from abroad by Charles Hippolyte
Tessier, of Paris, in the French Empire, Gentleman.
Sealed the 20th June 1862, and dated the 24th December 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Louis Rudolph Bodmer
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th December 1861.
I, LOUIS RUDOLPH BODMER, of No. 2, Thavies Inn, Holborn, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SACKS, KNAPSACKS,
MATTRESS CASES, AND OTHER GOODS," (a communication from Charles Hippolyte
Tessier, of Paris, in the French Empire, Gentleman,) to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements applicable to the ordinary
loom for the manufacture of sacks, knapsacks, cases for mattresses, pantaloons,
and other seamless hose, and also for the manufacture of cloth or goods of
double the width of the loom. In hose goods selvage slits or openings can be
made at any desired place.
In the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, Fig. 1 represents the treadles for
the cords used for weaving the sacks and other articles without seam. The
circles (O) represent the strong cords for depressing the heddles or healds;

page_text: the dots (.) show the twine for raising the heddles or healds. The right foot
of the operator works numbers 1 and 3, and the left foot the numbers 2 and 4.
The two supplementary treadles 5 and 6 are intended for closing the ends of
sacks or similar goods.
Mode of operating. The warp is made as usual, and only one.shuttle used
either by hand or by power, and the treadles, numbers 1, 2, 3, & 4, are worked
in succession. In this manner a fabric of double cloth is produced, which has
one selvage on the right and one on the left, and which forms the body of the
knapsack or mattress case without seam. For closing the ends the two supple-
mentary treadles are used one after the other, whereby the whole is converted
into single cloth, the upper and the lower warps being united into one. By
continuing the closure and cutting through the middle this piece of single
cloth a knapsack or mattress case without seam is produced in which nothing
but the opening is wanting. For making this opening in the middle two
shuttles are taken and thrown so as to emerge in the middle of the warp,
and in the same manner they are thrown in again, coming out at the edges
the one above the other below; when the opening is sufficiently long
one shuttle is removed and its thread cut, and the weaving continued
with one shuttle, which may again be worked by power. If the openings
with selvage are preferred on the sides instead of a single one in the middle,
they can be made with still greater ease and expedition, the treadles
merely requiring to be worked in the order of numbers 1, 4, 3, 2. In this
manner the double cloth is made with selvage openings at both sides. Two
courses or four threads are worked with the top shuttle before recommencing
with the second shuttle below, which then likewise forms two courses with four
threads before returning to the first. If only one opening should be required
for instance, on the right side, only one shuttle is used, which at the top is sent
from the right to the left and at the bottom from left to the right. In this
manner an opening with two selvages is produced on the right side. For
pantaloons without seams the fabric is formed in the same manner as for the
bodies of bags, but for producing the legs, the slays, healds, and lays are
divided into two halves and disposed for producing a division in the middle,
which is kept together by means of hooks and cramps and closed, whilst the
whole width is required for forming the body of the pantaloon, but opened
when the leggings are reached, which are woven separately, only one-half of
the above-named parts of the loom being used. One leg is now made with
the fabric double the same as the body, and with the same treadles. When
one leg is finished the second half of the same portions of machinery is worked
like the first. For producing the enlargements and contractions, in the

page_text: leggings healds are used which unhook from below, some in the middle, others
towards the sides. When contractions become necessary healds are detached
at pleasure to the right or left as may be required, which prevents the detached
warp threads from being worked in. For enlargement it suffices to
work as many of the healds as may be necessary among those previously
detached. The entire loss consists in the threads not used in the warp; these
threads are cut off before the pantaloons are turned.
The accompanying Drawing indicates four threads "en broches" for weaving
single cloth. This number of threads would be six if the fabric were to be
ticking, and eight if the fabric were to be treillis or buckram. In the two
latter cases the number of treadles would be from six to eight, independently of
the two supplementary treadles; these two last can be placed either at the
right or the left or in the middle of the others.
Fig. 2 represents the arrangement of the treadles and cords for weaving
cloth of a length equal to twice the length of the warp or of a width equal to
double of that of the loom itself.
The loom being thus arranged for weaving, double cloth is woven as above
described, but the selvage openings are indefinitively continued for producing
cloth of double the length, or else by making the selvage opening on one side
only of forming a cloth of twice the width of the loom, which is an advantage
when large sheets such as are used for covering waggons are required..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Louis Rudolph Bodmer in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 24th June 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Louis
RUDOLPH BODMER, of No. 2, Thavies Inn, Holborn, in the City of London,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Louis Rudolph Bodmer, Her special licence that I, the said
Louis Rudolph Bodmer, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Louis Rudolph Bodmer, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should

page_text: and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and. Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SACKS,
KNAPSACKS, MATTRESS CASES AND OTHER GOODS," (a communication from abroad
by Charles Hippolyte Tessier, of Paris, in the French Empire, Gentleman,)
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Louis. Rudolph
Bodmer, my executors or administrators, an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Louis Rudolph Bodmer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements which are applicable to the
ordinary weaver's loom, whether worked by hand or by power, and by means
of which a variety of goods, such as sacks, knapsacks, mattress cases, panta-
loons, and other articles hereafter named can be manufactured. The mode of
warping, is identical with that for ordinary cloth, and strands of two or four
threads can be used, according to the strength of fabric required.
In order that this Invention may be more clearly understood I will proceed to
describe the same, reference being had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings
and the letters and numbers marked thereon. The numbers 1, 2, 3, & 4,
see Figs. 1, 2, & 3, indicate the order of the treddles and of the healds, the
dots". representing the rising healds, and the zeros "O" the falling healds.
For weaving seamless sacks of single cloth the arrangement of the loom is
the same as for ordinary cloth, only there are four healds employed instead of
two, and the threads of the warp are passed through them in the following
order, see Fig. 1:-
The 1st thread passes through the 1st heald, the 2d thread passes through
the 2d heald.
"
3d thread passes through the 3d heald, and so on.
The operator first places his right foot on treddle No. 1, thereby raising the
heald No. 4 and lowering the others, thus forming the upper part of the sack;
he then places the left foot on treddle No. 4, raising the healds Nos. 1, 3, 4,
and lowering heald No. 2, and thereby forming the lower part of the sack ;
then applying the foot to treddle No. 2, he raises heald No. 1 and lowers the

page_text: three others, thus again forming the upper part; and finally pressing on
treddle No. 3, he raises the healds Nos. 1, 2, & 4, and lowers heald No. 3,
again forming the lower part of the cloth, and so on. In continuing to work
the treddles in the same succession a double cloth is produced with one
common selvage on the right and left, and forming the body of the sack, which
may be continued to any desirable length. For closing the sack two supple-
mentary treddles Nos. 1 & 2 are used. In depressing the supplementary
treddle No. 1 the healds Nos. 2 and 4 rise, and healds Nos. 1 & 3 are lowered,
whereupon the two threads of healds Nos. 1 & 3 unite for forming the lower
part, and the threads of the healds Nos. 2 & 4 the upper part of the warp.
In depressing the supplementary treddle No. 2 the healds No. 1 & $ rise,
and Nos. 2 & 4 are lowered. By this means a united single tissue is formed,
having twice the number of threads in the warp as in the body of the sack.
To ensure solidity this texture is continued to the length of an inch or two,
whereupon the above described mode of working the four treddles is resumed
and a second sack begun, and so on. When the warp is worked up the sacks
are separated by cutting accross the portion of united tissue. The order of
succession in working the treddles is therefore for these goods. Nos. 1, 4, 2, 3.
For making sacks without seams in trellis the same arrangement of loom
is used as for seamless sacks in single tissue, but 8 healds and 8 treddles are
used, and two supplementary treddles, the latter being merely used for closing
the sacks. For the less perfect, so called fern-leaved trellis, only 6 healds and
6 treddles and 2 supplementary treddles are used..
The following is the order in which the treddles are made to act, the opera-
tive working alternately with the right and left foot :-
On pressing treddle No. 1, heald No. 4 is raised, the others lowered.
"
"
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8, healds Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, are raised and
No. 1 lowered.
2, heald No. 5 is raised, the others lowered.
7, healds Nos. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, are raised, No. 2
lowered.
,, 3, heald No. 6 is raised, the others lowered.
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6, healds Nos. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, are raised, No. 3
lowered.
4, heald No. 7 is raised, the others lowered.
5, healds Nos. 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, are raised, No. 4
lowered.
For closing the sack the supplementary treddle No. 1 is depressed, whereby

page_text: .
mentary treddle No. 2 being depressed, the healds No. 1, 3, 5, 7, are raised
and Nos. 2, 4, 6, 8, lowered, whereby single cloth with double warp is
produced.
Addition of seamless gusset to any kind of sack or bose during the process
of weaving gussets may either be made of the same texture as the hose or of a 5
different one. In commencing the sack or hose an additional reed is added to
the ordinary reed, according to the size of the gusset required. This additional
reed is fixed by means of small hooks and again removed on the completion of
each gusset. The healds are likewise furnished with supplementary healds in.
sufficient number according to the size, and fixed above to the heald bar, and 1
provisionally to the lower bar also by means of small hooks. A bobbin of the
same kind of thread as that forming the warp is placed on the same axle as
the beam, without, however, revolving with it. To narrow the gusset, one by
one of the additional warp threads is dropped, and thus ceases its functions.
When the gusset is completed and the small hooks of the supplementary 1
threads detached, the weaving is continued as before.
Fig. 1 represents the arrangement for ordinary cloth, and Fig. 2 for trellis
or diagonal tick.
Mattress cases, knapsacks, and other seamless objects are thus made
according to the arrangement shown by Fig. 1, or by Fig. 2, according to the 2
product desired.
According to the strength of the material required double or fourfold thread
is employed. If the texture is to be union cloth it will require four ordinary
and 2 supplementary ones.
с
D
Supposing that in a mattress case C, D, E, F, the 2
slit were to be made according to line A, B, the
weaving process would be exactly the same as that
above described up to the line I, K, where the opening
begins. There the shuttle is passed, from I to B, and
HI then returned over B to I, then it is thrown from I to 3
K, from K to B, from B to K, and from K to I, and
so forth. In this manner a selvage is formed on each
side of the opening A, B. When arrived at the point
A the ordinary process is continued. The action of
the treddles during the weaving of the opening is in 3
the order of Nos. 1, 2, 4, 3.. To obtain an opening
according to line I, H, the arrangement of the loom
is the same as above described, and the action of the
treddles in the order of No. 1, 4, 3, 2. When the openings are required one
K
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page_text: с
I
and one in the middle two shuttles are used, as soon as the weaving
ed to the beginning of the apertures. The action of the treddles
as for only one opening, one shuttle weaving the upper and the
wer part of the cloth. If two openings are required in the middle,
the weaving is continued as for one opening, from I to
K, from K to B, from B to K, from K to I, then
with a second shuttle, the warp not having been
altered, the interval A, B, C, D, between the two
H openings is woven, whereby two selvage openings
without seam are produced. For knapsacks, wallets,
and other analogous objects the process is identical
with that for making mattress cases. For pantaloons
and other objects of the same nature without seams
the arrangement of the loom remains the same as for
the sacks, trellis or tick, above described, but small
supplementary reeds and healds are added on the right
and on the left by means of hooks for enlarging and
the hose according to requirement. The main reed as well as
an by drawing a small bolt be divided into two when the work has
the leggings. The reeds and the healds being thus separated,
woven separately similarly to a sack, and by means of the supple-
ds and healds any desired form is given to the leggings. It must
erstood that the reeds and the healds as well as the warp beams
into two parts, each of the latter turning loosely round the same
making the second legging the first one is rolled upon the corre-
arp beam, and then the weaving is proceeded with as with the
D
production of cloth of double the width of the loom the arrange-
ns the same as in the ordinary loom, with 4 ordinary treddles,
ntary treddles, 4 supplementary healds, and 1 shuttle. The
rk in the order of Nos. 1, 4, 3, 2, see Fig. 3; the process is the
mattress cases, with an opening in the side. For producing cloth
e length of the warp, 4 treddles and 4 healds without any supple-
es are used. Two shuttles are employed for forming the four
e right-hand shuttle working with the treddles Nos. 1 & 2, and
d shuttle with the treddles Nos. 3 & 4. The treddles work in the
s. 1, 2, 3, 4, successively.
e processes can be employed for making waggon tilts, tarpauling,
fire engine hose, and other goods.

page_text: Having now described the nature of the Invention which has been
communicated to me, I wish it to be understood that what I claim as the
Invention to be secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,
Firstly, the peculiar arrangement applied to the ordinary weaver's Joom as 5
above described.
And, secondly, the processes above described for the weaving of seamless
sacks, knapsacks, and mattress cases and other goods, and of cloth of a width
and of a length double that of the loom.
In witness whereof, I, the said Louis Rudolph Bodmer, have hereunto 1
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
L. K. BODMER.
(L.S.)