Motor.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 10th June, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 12th Mar., 1894-Accepted, 25th May, 1894
Electric Motor.
HERBERT LUZERNE TODD, Electrician, of 395, City Road, London E.C. and
GEORGE LEWIS, Accountant, of 46, Fish Street Hill, London, E.C. do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention consists of a series of magnets surrounding a shaft. Each magnet
placed with its poles outwardly, so as to induce or attract an armature which is to
revolve around the outside of the magnets.
These magnets are arranged so as to form two sets of seven magnets each, each
set being bolted or fastened to an outside casing which forms one end of the motor's
frame. These two being held together by strips attached thereto, in such manner
as will admit of a wheel attached to the shaft revolving freely between the two sets
of magnets without touching; the bearings of the shaft being sustained by outside
frames or braces.
Fastened to the outside of the said wheel are a series of soft iron bars wound
with insulated wire; these bars are placed crosswise of the said wheel so that each
end is equidistant from the centre of the rim.
Between each of these bars are placed pieces of suitable non conducting
material, preferably hard wood, all of which including the bars of iron, are
firmly bound together by strips of brass or any other non-magnetic material, care
being taken to thoroughly insulate the wire on the iron bars which form the
armature.
Attached to the shaft and just within the shell of the motor is placed a
commutator which is divided into as many sections as there are divisions in the
armature, but in two sets, one set to give current to the magnets and the other to
give current to the armature.
This commutator to take current from two sets of batteries in the following
manner, viz.: That set which gives current to the magnets is composed of a ring of
metal with spaces in one half its width, corresponding to the number of divisions in
the armature so that in revolving with the armature each alternate piece of metal
remaining will give current to the magnet, by a brush connected thereto, which
may be in the proper position with any particular segment of the armature; and
cut off the current when the segment of the armature has passed the centre of the
magnetic field. The current passing from carbon to and through the commutator
around the magnets, out through the shell of the motor to the other pole of the
battery.
The other set making current through the commutator in a similar way, but
giving current to the segments of the armature after they have passed the centre
of the magnetic field, and the current is cut off of the magnet, and cut off after it
has reached the centre between two magnets. The current passing to and through
the commutator at one side of the motor to the wire wound on the armature
segment, thence to the commutator on the other side of the motor, thence to the
other pole of the battery..
It is well known that all forms of battery will exhaust themselves by continuous
use in a short period of time, and where batteries are continually used the wasted
energy must be supplied when required, hence the expense of running motors by
primary batteries. It is also well known that certain batteries have recuperative
powers if allowed to rest, and having this fact in view and wishing to utilise this

page_text: peculiar quality of a battery, I have devised a method of using the same as
follows, viz.:
Attached to the shaft outside the bearings is a screw which is run into a geared
wheel, which is also connected to another smaller shaft set at right angles to the
first, which is provided with a screw to revolve another geared wheel placed upon
another small shaft which is parallel to the main shaft of the motor.
Upon this shaft is fastened a roller which is divided into as many sections as
there are to be sets of batteries, each section to be so constructed, that one portion
of its circumference shall be provided with a metal surface and the balance to be of
insulated material.
The metal portion of each division of the roller to be as much longer than one
half of the circumference of the roller as there are divisions in the roller, i.e.: if
there were ten divisions to the roller, then each division would have a metal
portion one tenth longer than one half of its circumference, forming eleven
twentieths of the whole.
The metal portions of the divisions are to be so placed that they will alternately
come to a certain point as the roller is revolved.
Above and below the roller are two pieces that have attached to them brushes to
take up current from each division of the roller, one at one side and one at the
other side, the two pieces for any one division being exactly opposite each other,
or so placed as to allow of each metal portion of the division to be touched by the
two brushes for the time necessary for the roller to revolve that portion of a
revolution which is occupied by the metal on the division, when the metal on the
next division will come in contact with the two brushes connected with it and so on
as long as the roller is revolved.
As each division is connected to a separate battery it is obvious that each battery
will have a rest as many times longer than it is used as there are remaining
'divisions in the roller. .
Dated this 10th day of June 1893.
HERBERT LUZERNE TODD.
GEORGE LEWIS.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Electric Motor.
HERBERT LUZERNE TODD, Electrical Engineer, of 46, Fish Street Hill, E.C.
and GEORGE LEWIS, Accountant, of 46, Fish Street Hill, London, E.C. do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention consists of a series of magnets surrounding a shaft, each magnet
placed with its poles outwardly, so as to induce or attract an armature, which is to
revolve around the outside of the magnets.
These magnets are arranged so as to form two sets of magnets each, each set
being bolted or fastened to an outside casing which forms one end of the frame of
the motor, these two being held together by strips or coverings attached thereto, in
such manner as will admit of a wheel attached to the shaft revolving freely between
the two sets of magnets without touching, the bearings of the shaft being sustained
by outside frames or braces which are fastened to the base of the motor.
Fastened to the outside of the said wheel are a series of soft iron bars wound
with insulated wire, these bars are placed cross-wise of the said wheel, so that each
end is equidistant from the centre of the rim.
Between each of these bars are placed pieces of suitable non-conducting material,
preferably hard wood, all of which including the bars of iron, are firmly bound

page_text: together by strips of brass or any other non-magnetic material, care being taken to.
thoroughly insulate the wire on the iron bars which form the armature.
Attached to the shaft and just within the shell of the motor are placed two
commutators, one on either side of the motor, which are divided into as many
sections as there are divisions in the armature, each commutator being composed of
two sets, one set to give current to the magnets, and the other to give current to
the armature.
These commutators to take current from two sets of batteries in the following
manner.
That set of commutators which gives current to the magnets is composed of a
ring or band of metal with spaces in one half its width, corresponding to the number
of divisions in the armature, so that in revolving with the armature, each alternate
piece of metal remaining will give current to the magnets by coming in contact
with the metalic brush or spring attached to an insulated piece connected to the
heel of the magnets (said insulated piece having one end of the wires of the magnet
attached thereto), which may be in the proper position with any particular segment
of the armature and cut off the current when the segment of the armature has
passed the centre of the magnetic field. The current passing from one pole of the
battery to and through the commutator around the magnet out through the shell
of the motor to a switch and thence to the other pole of the battery. The other
set of commutators making current through a brush or spring attached to the
insulated piece connected to the heel of the magnet or any other suitable place,
thence to one pole of the battery, in the following manner: The current from one
pole of the battery to and through the commutator on one side of the motor, over
the wire surrounding the segments of the armature, to and through the commutator
on the other side of the motor, to a switch and thence to the other pole. of the
battery.
:
This last mentioned commutator giving current to the segments of the armature
after they have passed the centre of the magnetic field, and the current cut off
after the segments have reached the centre between two magnets.
It is well known that all forms of battery will exhaust themselves by continuous
use in a short period of time, and when batteries are continuously used, the wasted
energy must be supplied when required, hence the expense of running motors by
primary batteries.
It is also well known that certain batteries have recuperative powers if allowed
to rest, and having this fact in view, and wishing to utilise this peculiar quality
of a battery, I have devised a method of using the same, as follows, viz. :-
Attached to the shaft of the motor outside of the bearings is a worm screw,
which runs into a geared wheel, which is also connected to another smaller shaft
set at right angles to the first, which is also provided with a worm screw to revolve
another geared wheel placed upon another small shaft, which is parallel to the
main shaft to the motor. Upon this shaft is fastened a roller which is divided into
as many sections as there are to be sets of batteries, each section to be so
constructed that one portion of its circumference shall be provided with a metal
surface, and the balance to be of insulated material.
on :-
The metal portion of each division of the roller to be as much longer than one
half the circumference of the roller, as there are divisions in the roller, i.e. if there
were ten divisions to the roller, then each division would have a metal portion
tenth longer than one-half of its circumference forming eleven twentieths of the
whole; the metal portions of the divisions are to be so place that they will
alternately come to a certain point as the roller is revolved.
:
Above and below the roller are two pieces that have attached to them brushes
or springs to take up current from each division of the roller, one at one side and
one at the other side, the two pieces for any one divi-in being exactly opposite or
so placed as to allow of each metal portion of the division to be touched by the
two brushes for the time necessary for the roller to revolve that portion of a
revolution, which is occupied by the metal on the division, when the metal on the

page_text: next division will come in contact with the two brushes connected with it, and so
on as long as the roller is revolved.
Or each division may be composed of solid metal rings or bands having that
portion to connect the brushes or springs raised, and instead of springs or brushes,
the connecting pieces at the top or bottom may be a metal roller turned with rings
raised to ride on the raised portions of the divisions.
As each division is connected to a separate battery, it is obvious that each battery
will have a rest as many times longer than it is used, as there are remaining divisions
on the roller.
Or the above mentioned worm screw may be substituted by a wheel having one
or more teeth to revolve a mechanical device for the successive transfer of current
from one battery to another.
To more fully describe this invention reference to the accompanying drawings
can be made in which like letters represent similar parts.
Fig. 1. is a side elevation in cross-section, showing the position of the magnets
and armature.
Fig. 2. is an end elevation of the same.
Fig. 3. is an end view of the commutator and the connections with the magnets
and armature.
Fig. 4. is a side view of the commutator and its connections.
Fig. 5. is an end elevation showing connections from the shaft to the automatic
roller connecting the batteries.
Fig. 6. is an end view of the automatic roller and its connections.
Fig. 7. is a side view of the same showing divisions.
Fig. 8. is a side elevation of the automatic roller.
Fig. 9. is a. top view of the automatic roller.
Fig. 10. is an outline view of the top of two magnets.
Fig. 11. is a side view of the same.
Fig. 12. is a side view of battery connections and contact maker.
Fig. 13. is the obverse side of contact maker.
Fig. 14. is a top view of battery connections and contact maker.
In Figure 1. the letters A. represent the magnets, attached to the frame B.
C. is the armature which surrounds the wheel D. which is attached to the shaft E,
upon which shaft are fastened the commutators F. Attached to the heels of the
magnets are brushes or springs G. H. and I. which are for the following purposes,
viz. The brush G. to give current to the magnets from the commutator F. by
passing through the brush H. The brushes I. on one side of the motor to give
current to the armature C. by being connected to the commutator and its connecting
wire to the wire which surrounds the iron bars of the armature C. and passing
over the said wire to the other side of the motor to and through the other
brushes I. through the commutator on that side, it being understood that both
commutators are connected either to a switch or other mechanical device thence
to one pole of the battery.
On the shaft E. is a worm screw K. which is to turn a geared wheel L. Fig. 5.
The shaft E. is supported in place by the standards L.
In Figure 2. the magnets A. are shown in their relative positions with the
armature C.
The diagrams at the bottom of Sheet 1. represent three different forms of spools
for magnets.
The one marked O. being a cross-section of a spool with several divisions to be
wound in series by separate coils, similar to that made by Joseph Henry in the
year 1839, and for which I make no claim. The one marked P. is of a form
which I believe has never been in use, and consists of a spool wound with one wire
in such manner that one end of the wire protrudes through the hole marked 1. and
is wound evenly over the entire length and back to the beginning, then back to
the opposite end, forming three layers of wire, the last end of which is put through
the second end of the spool at or near the surface of the end of the third layer.

page_text: Then another wire is put through the hole marked 2. and wound the same as the
first, with three layers; the last end being put through the second end of the
spool at or near the surface of the last layer of the said wire. Then another wire
is added on and another or as many more as the spool will hold, care being taken
that all of the first ends of each wire protrudes through one end of the spool and
that the last ends protrude through the other end of the same spool, the object
being to make a stronger magnet by having each wire from one end of the spool
connected separately to zinc.
The spool marked Q. is still of another type and one that I believe to be entirely
new and not in use. It consists of a spool having a strip of any good conducting
metal i. insulated from the core and having permanently attached thereto as many
wires placed side by side and as close as may be, as will cover the spool from end
to end, after which all of the wires are wound simultaneously until the spool is full,
care being taken to have each separate wire wound upon itself, forming as many
separate coils as there are wires attached to the above mentioned strip i. After
the spool is wound full, the ends of each wire are fastened to another strip k.
of any good conducting metal, the said strip being firmly bound to the spool. A
wire of low resistence being fastened to one end of the inner strip and another
wire to the opposite end of the outer strip, the object being that each wire wound
upon the spool, being of the same length and the connections being at opposite
ends, will give simultaneous current to the whole spool, thereby increasing the
intensity of the current.
The armature C. being composed as before mentioned of the iron bars M. and
the insulated pieces N. Figures 2. and 3. represent one method of making contact
between the magnets and the armature through the commutator; c. being a tube
inclosing a movable piece of metal which is kept against the commutator ring d.
which receives its current through a similar tube and movable piece e. The tube e.
being connected by a wire to one pole of the battery. Another tube and movable
piece f. presses against the ring g. of the commutator, the said tube and piece f.
being connected to one pole of the battery by the wire h. the object being to make
a close contact (and one that will not get out of order) between the commutator
and the magnets, as well as the commutator and the armature.
Figures 5. 6. and 7. represent that part of the motor which changes current from
one battery to another automatically, by the revolution of the motor itself.
As before stated the worm screw K. on the shaft E. in revolving, turns a geared
wheel L. on a shaft R. set at right angles to the shaft E. The shaft R. bearing
another worm screw S. which in turn revolves another geared wheel T. attached to
a shaft 1. set parallel with the shaft E. On this shaft l. is fastened a roller U.
having on its surface as many bands or rings of metal as there are separate
batteries.
Each ring or band having raised pieces V. to take current from the rollers W.
and Y. Underneath the said roller U. are tubes and movable pieces m. which
take the current from the rings v. v. to the battery. These rollers W. and Y. are
set into an extra frame, bearing metal pieces and screws r. and t. respectively.
The roller W. receiving current through the screws r. from the magnets. The
roller Y. taking current through the screws t. from the armature.
Figures 10. and 11. are outlined drawings, showing the relative position of two
magnets A. frame B. and the pieces which support the magnets and bind them
firmly in place. a. a. are blocks made to fit in between two magnets. b. b. are
other pieces which are inserted between two spools of the magnets in such manner
that, when all of the pieces b. b. are placed in position, they will form a complete
circle, the divisions between being opposite the centre of the two spools of each
magnet.
The pieces a. a. are placed between the inside spools of the magnets and against
the pieces b. b. then all the pieces are bolted to the frame B. as per dotted lines in
Figure 11. and the circles c in Figure 10.
Figures 12. 13. and 14. représent another form of making.contact from the shaft

page_text: than the ones before mentioned, and it may as well be stated that this motor is
intended, where more power is required than one motor will furnish, to extend the
shaft so as to allow of as many motors to be placed side by side as are required, it
being only necessary to have additional wheels and armatures attached to the
shaft corresponding to the number of motors.
This form of making contact to the batteries is as follows. On the shaft E. is
a wheel with one or more teeth to turn a train of geared wheels a² which revolves
slowly, the contact maker b³. This contact maker consists of a disk of any non-
conducting material having a series of metal lugs on each side, one set being
fastened to the metal ring and the other to the metal ring d. Fastened to the
frame are contact blocks f g² ² which are for the following purposes, viz. :-
The blocks f to make contact with the lugs 2 which electrically connect ring d²
and block g' making connection between the battery and the magnets.
The blocks to make contact with the lugs m² ring e² and block making
.connection between the battery and the armature.
Having now described this invention what I claim is.
1. An electric motor, with a series of magnets with their poles set outwardly so
that the poles form a circle, said magnets being surrounded by an armature which
revolves around the outside of the said magnets as described.
2. An electric motor having an armature revolving on the outside of a series of
magnets of any number placed with their poles outwardly from the centre as
described.
3. An electric motor with stationary magnets set in a circle with their poles
.outwardly, an armature to revolve on the outside, the said armature being connected
to a wheel substantially as described.
4. An electric motor having several sets of magnets set in a circle with their
poles set outwardly, substantially as described. .
5. An electric motor with two sets of magnets set on either side of a wheel,
having upon its periphery a series of soft iron bars forming an armature,
substantially as described.
6. An electric motor with an armature attached to a shaft, the outside of which
armature revolves around two sets of magnets set in a circle with their poles
outwardly, the said shaft bearing commutators for taking up current substantially
as described.
7. An electric motor with a series of magnets with their poles set outwardly
surrounding a shaft, the said shaft sustaining a wheel with soft iron bars so placed
that when the shaft revolves, the soft iron bars set upon the said wheel revolve
around the outside of the said magnets as and for the purpose specified.
8. An electric motor constructed with magnets with their poles set outwardly
and a wheel revolving between the two sets of magnets, the periphery of the said
wheel sustaining the parts forming the armature, substantially as described.
9. An electric motor with two sets of commutators, one on each side, to take
current respectively from one pole of a primary battery to magnets and an armature
as described.
10. An electric motor with a shaft which carries an armature surrounding two
sets of magnets, the said shaft having attached thereto a worm screw to work a
geared wheel for the purpose of automatically making contact with a roller or
other device for changing current from one set of batteries to another as
described.
11. An electric motor with a shaft which carries an armature surrounding two
sets of magnets, the said shaft having attached thereto a wheel having one or more
teeth to turn a mechanical device for changing current from one set of batteries to
another as and for the purpose specified.
12. An electric motor with a series of magnets with their poles set outwardly,
an armature that revolves upon the outside of the said magnets, said armature

page_text: connected to a shaft; the said shaft having worm screws which automatically work
a device for giving current to separate batteries alternately, a switch which puts.
on current for the separate portions of the magnets substantially as described.
13. An electric motor with a series of magnets set in a circle with their poles
outwardly, each magnet composed of separate divisions or coils, each coil on any
one division to be connected to zinc by a separate wire as and for the purpose set.
forth.
14. An electric motor with magnets formed from spools wound with a series of
wires, each wire to be connected to zinc as specified.
15. An electric motor with magnets formed from spools wound with several wires
of three layers each, each wire being carried over the length of the spool so that.
the same end of each wire is connected to the same pole of a battery as described.
16. An electric motor with magnets formed from spools with an insulated strip.
of conducting metal, said strip of metal having fastened thereto as many wires as
can be placed side by side in the length of the spool, all of which wires are wound
simultaneously upon itself and the outer ends being fastened to another strip of
conducting metal, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 8th day of March 1894.
HERBERT LUZERNE TODD.
GEORGE LEWIS.