An Electro-magnetic Separator.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 14th June, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 14th Mar.. 1891-Accepted, 13th June, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Electro-magnetic Separator.
I, JOSEF RONCZEWSKI, Manufacturer, of Orscha, Governmental District of
Mogilew, Russia, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to electro-magnetic apparatus for separating particles of
iron from bones, cereals and other materials.
The apparatus chiefly comprises a revolving drum composed of several pairs of
electro-magnets, the coils of which are connected with a commutator mounted on
the axle of the closed drum and adapted to put the electro-magnets automatically
in and out of circuit, also a hopper or feeder placed above the drum and a pair of
inclined planes placed under the same and on which drops the material treated by
the separator.
I prefer to employ four radial magnet cores arranged so as to form the spokes of
the drum, while the poles or pole-pieces are enlarged and curved so as to form
segments of the circumference of the drum.
To facilitate construction, the main part or body of the drum is composed of
parallel sections, each of which is punched or cut from a piece of flat iron, so as to
form the hub, the spokes or cores and the segmental pole-pieces, and the different
sections or zones are united by bolts passing through the hubs and spokes parallel
to the axis of the drum. The two ends of the drum, however, are made hollow, to
give room for the wire coils, that is to say each of the two end sections is made
similar to the others, but the circumference and the hub are deeper than the spokes,
in order to form a space for the reception of the coils, which space is subsequently
covered by a disc of zinc. Through one of these zinc-plates pass the wires which
connect the coils with the commutator.
A small part of the circumference of the drum (at the back of the feed-hopper)
remains unmagnetic, the electro-magnets being out of circuit at each revolution, for
a time sufficient to allow the iron to come off and drop upon an inclined plane
placed underneath the drum. Any particles which still adhere owing to residual
magnetism, are scraped off by a brush mounted on a lever. The windings of the
two pairs of electro-magnets are independent of each other (that is in parallel) but
connected with the commutator in such a manner, that the current may excite
either the two magnet-pairs simultaneously, or only one of them. The commutator
may be a wooden cylinder armed with copper strips into which the current of a
dynamo-machine is led by means of brushes.
Instead of two pairs of electro-magnets, I may employ 3 or more pairs or I may
employ different types of electro-magnets.
Dated this 14th dow of Luna 1800
FAIRFAX & WETTER,
433, Strand, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Electro-magnetic Separator.
I, JOSEF RONCZEWSKI, Manufacturer, of Orscha, Governmental District of
Mogilew, Russia, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
My invention relates to electro-magnetic apparatus for separating particles of
iron from bone-meal cereals and other materials.

page_text: It is illustrated by the accompanying drawings, which show various views and
details of apparatus embodying my invention.
The apparatus chiefly comprises a revolving drum composed of several pairs of
electro-magnets, the coils of which are connected with a commutator mounted on the
axle of the closed drum and adapted to put the electro-magnets automatically in
and out of circuit, also a hopper or feeder placed above the drum, a brush or
scraper and a pair of inclined planes placed under the drum and on which drops the
material treated by the separator.
On a shaft A is mounted a drum, the surface of which is formed by the poles of
the electro-magnets E' and E². In order to facilitate the construction, the whole
drum is composed of separate pieces stamped out of a flat iron plate and bolted
together at the two end pieces, however, have the shape shown in Fig. 2, the
object of which is to receive the coils of the electro-magnets, and to permit the zine
plates, which close the drum laterally, to be introduced. It is through one of
these plates, for example, the left one, that the wires of the electro-magnet coils
pass to the copper strips of the commutator, to which they are firmly attached by
means of screws.
While passing through the are CD, the surface of the drum is unmagnetic, and
though the interruption of the circuit passing through the electro-magnets 1, 2, lasts
but a short time, it sufices, to allow all the iron to fall off, whereupon it reaches the
inclined plane u. To produce this effect, the current passes through both electro-
magnets, except during the time which any point on the surface of the drum
requires to travel over the arc C D, when the current is concentrated upon one pair
of magnets E E' or E2 E2.
A brush F is applied, for the purpose of removing any particles of iron which
may remain attached owing to the action of residual magnetism. The winding of
the electro-magnets (which may be compound) is independent for each pair. The
coils, however, are to be connected with one another in such a way, by means of the
brushes, and the commutators, that the current can be made to pass through both
pairs of electro-magnets simultaneously or only through one.
The construction of the commutator is as follows:-
Four strips of copper are attached to the shaft and, of course, insulated both
from the shaft and from one another. Each of them forms an incomplete ring
(Fig. 3), as insulating material is introduced between the ends c and d. Two of
these four copper strips belong to the pair of electro-magnets E' E', one of them
being connected with the positive and the other with the negative terminal of the
dynamo. The two other strips of copper belong to the pair of electro-magnets E² E'.
The current, in passing from the dynamo to the electro-magnets, is divided into two,
that is to say, both the positive and the negative currents pass to both clectro-
magnets at the same time. It is only during the time, that the current is cut off
from one of the pairs of electro-magnets, that the whole of it passes through one
pair only. Fig. 4 shows the position of the rings on the shaft for the pair of electro-
magnets E E¹, and Fig. 5 shows the position for the pair of electro-magnets E2 E2,
at the same moment. From Fig. 4 it is apparent, that the electro-magnet pair E¹ E¹
is on the point of being cut out, since the insulating portion of the ring C D is just
coming under the commutator spring. From Fig. 5 it is apparent, that at this
instant the electro-magnets E2 E2 are acting powerfully, and that soon the whole of
the current will pass through their coils, if the drum revolves in the direction
indicated by the arrow. The current from the dynamo enters the commutator
springs, and from them passes through the rings to the coils of the electro-magnets.
Fig. 6 shows in perspective view the arrangement of the whole of the commutator;
from this it may be seen, that the current from the dynamo first of all enters the
two commutator springs, which, being fork-shaped, divide it into two branches
which pass to the rings belonging to both pairs of electro-magnets at the same time.
The two rings shown in Fig. 6, on the right, belong to the one pair of electro-
magnets, the two on the left to the other pair. Fig. 7 shows in what manner the
wires of the electro-magnets are attached to the commutator rings. The wire e

page_text: namely passes through and along the wooden block f, is bent back at the front side
and carried under the ring.
The number of revolutions per minute to be made by the drum varies from 80
to 150, according to its diameter and the size of the material to be treated; the
greater the diameter, the greater is the centrifugal force, and the less consequently
the velocity of revolution must be, to prevent the heavier iron parts from being torn
off the drum. Instead of two pairs, three or four pairs of electro-magnets may be
employed, and different systems may be adopted.
As may be easily seen, the substances to be freed from iron (such as bone-meal,
corn, etc.) owing to their not being attracted by the electro-magnets, fall upon the
inclined plane b.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. An electro-magnetic separator for separating particles of iron from bone, corn
and other materials, chiefly comprising a completely closed drum situated underneath
a hopper adapted to deposit the raw material on the surface of the drum, the said
drum consisting of several pairs of electro-magnets the coils of which are connected
with a commutator fixed upon the shaft of the drum itself and adapted to switch the
electro-magnets automatically into and out of circuit, substantially as described.
2. An electro-magnetic separator constructed and adapted to operate substantially
as described and illustrated by the drawings.
Dated this 19th dow of March 1801
JOSEF
RONCZEWSKI.
By Fairfax & Wetter,
433, Strand, London, Agents.