Improvements in Steam Boilers.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Mar., 1898-Accepted, 3rd Dec., 1898
Improvements in Steam Boilers.
I, RICHARD KOMMERELL, of Kiew, in the Empire of Russia, Merchant, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to steam boilers and the main feature of the present
steam boiler arrangement consists in the application to a large water-space boiler
of a double shell formed of several boilers situated above and behind it. The
double shell consists of an interior part composed of tubular boilers and of an
exterior part formed of cylindrical boilers connected together, the latter being
partly of the vertical and partly of the horizontal type.
In such a boiler the heat is lead first to the large water-space boiler, which
forms the main part or basis of the arrangement, for the purpose of generating a
large amount of steam; then, the heat somewhat diminished in temperatur is
lead to the interior part consisting of sets of tubes; and finally to the outer shell,
consisting of large water-space boilers.
1
The boiler is provided with an inlet for leading feed water to the outer shell,
said inlet being arranged well above the level of the main boiler, so that the
feed-water flows with a head or fall from below to the main boiler, and from
there by its upward pressure or rise into the set of tubes forming the interior
shell, and thence into the exterior shell.
The sets of tubes are arranged vertically, since with a horizontal or approxi-
mately horizontal disposition of the tubes connecting the main boiler with an
outer shell, each particle of steam ascending from the main boiler or the tubes
has to go the long way through the horizontal tubes, whilst endeavoring all the
time to rise in a vertical direction. This causes a longer stay of the particles
of steam in the tubes and consequently the accumulation of steam there. Of
course, the more steam such tubes contain, the less water flows through them (for
where there is steam, water does not enter); and with the decreased amount of
water there is a proportionately decreased generation of steam. Should however
the generation and rise of steam be retarded, it impedes the rise of the water
entering from below, whereby the circulation of water in the whole boiler arrange-
ment, is disturbed.
In the new arrangement, a pump, placed outside the boiler plant, keeps in
rapid circulation the water, which is already in a state of steady motion by
reason of the flow due to the head; so that fresh water is always flowing to the
sets of tubes, and the particles of steam generated in the interior of the boiler
shell are conducted rapidly upwards. According to the new arrangement above
mentioned quite a new effect is obtained.
The particles of steam namely take a vertical (or nearly vertical) direction
corresponding with that of the water and with their own tendency, so that for
each particle of steam drawn upwards from below, water follows of itself to take
its place, in order to effect a circulation free from steam choking and to promote
a powerful generation of steam.

page_text: The basis of the disposition is a cylindrical or Lancashire boiler, or as shown
on the Fig. 1 of the Sheet 1 of the drawings, a Cornish boiler a having a flue or
furnace-tube b and domes c c¹ from which the sets of tubes d d¹ d² ascend.
The flue or furnace-tube b open behind runs directly against a set of water-tubes d³,
which ascend from a small auxiliary boiler a¹, the latter being connected to the
above named pump i placed outside the boiler plant by means of the pipe /, said
pump being also connected to the shell a of the flue-boiler by means of a pipe
branching off from the main force-tube 1 of the pump i, all as shown on the
Fig. 2 of the Sheet 2 of the drawings. The tubes in conjunction with the
sets of tubes dd2 d³, and the auxiliary boiler a', may be regarded as forming
an inner shell, for the main boiler a. The outer shell is formed by the steam
collecting cylindrical boiler e and the vertical boiler k, which is connected at l
with the main boiler a. The mouth of the suction pipe n, of the pump i, placed
outside the steam generating elements, is situated near the feed-water inlet f,
whilst the force pipe enters the main boiler a at 1. m m indicate the mud or
purging pipes situated well apart from the mouths of the suction and forcing
pipes.
The heating gases from the furnace h pass along the flue or furnace tube b,
along by the side of the tubes d d d d (inner shell) and then along the
passage g¹ formed by the tongue 9, and space o, to the outer shell e k, escaping
finally at as shown on Fig. 1 of the drawings. The feed-water entering at f
and already heated in the cylinder k of the outer shell, descends with the head
or fall through the pipes to the main boiler a goes through the inner
shell d d¹ d² d³, through the outer shell e k, and then passing through the pump i,
again commences the same course of circulation. r and show two steam and
water pipes connecting the boilers e k. Since the mud outlet is situated below
the mouth of the suction pipe n, of the pump i, no circulation of water there
takes place, nor any disturbance of the sludge, which would render the feed-
water muddy.
The main part of the arrangement, instead of consisting of only one boiler,
may also be formed of two or more; the inner and the outer shell can then be
extended by arranging several boilers side by side, at suitable distances apart.
The main boilers of the arrangement can, instead of lying, parallel with the
boilers forming the outer shell, be erected at right angles to the same.
Having now particularly de cried and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. Steam boiler arrangement, characterised by the combination of a main boiler
with an inner and an outer shell, the inner shell being composed of vertical
tubular boilers, whereas the outer shell is formed of cylindrical boilers suitably
connected together, which latter boilers are partly of the horizontal and partly
of the vertical type, and with means for promoting the water circulation in the
different boilers, the heating gases in the boiler arrangement being conducted
from the furnace of the main boiler, where they are generated, in such a manner
that they first pass along the main boiler, then, along the sides of the said inner
shell, further along thoses of the outer shell, substantially as described and for
the purpose specified.
2. A mode of execution of the steam boiler arrangement set forth in Claim 1,
said arrangement comprising a main flue-boiler (a), an auxiliary boiler (a¹), au
upper horizontal boiler (e), a vertical boiler (4) a combined suction- and force-
pump (), vertical tubes ( d ) connecting the main flue-boiler (a) with the
upper horizontal boiler (c), vertical tubes (d'), connecting the auxiliary boiler (a¹)
with the upper horizontal boiler (e), horizontal tubes (r and g) connecting the
upper horizontal boiler (c) with the vertical boiler (k), a suction-pipe (7) leading
from the vertical boiler (k) to the pump (2), a force-pipe (7) leading from the
pump () to the auxiliary boiler (a¹), and a force-pipe (1) branching off from
5
5

page_text: the main force-pipe (!) and connecting the pump (i) with the main flue-boiler (a),
the whole substantially as described and for the purpose specified.
3. In a boiler arrangement such as set forth in Claim 1, a pump (1) for pro-
moting the water circulation, said pump (i) being arranged outside the steam
generating elements and having a suction-pipe (n) inserted at the extreme end of
the outer shell of the boiler arrangement, the pump (2) further having the force-
pipes (and ), the one (1) leading to the auxiliary boiler (a¹), the other (¹) to
the main flue boiler (a), thus connecting the pump with the inner shell of the
boiler arrangement, substantially as set forth."
Dated this 7th day of August 1898.
CHARLES NEWMAN,
Agent for Applicant.