IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FEEDING HAIR AND FIBRES INTENDED TO BE SPUN OR TWISTED
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Nightingale, of Wardour Street, Soho, in
the County of Middlesex, Bedding Manufacturer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FEEDING HAIR AND FIBRES INTENDED TO
BE SPUN OR TWISTED."
Sealed the 28th May 1858, and dated the 8th December 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Nightingale at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th December 1857.
I, CHARLES NIGHTINGALE, of Wardour Street, Soho, in the County of
Middlesex, Bedding Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FEEDING HAIR AND FIBRES
INTENDED TO BE SPUN OR TWISTED," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to horse hair and such coarse parallel or nearly
parallel fibres as require to be twisted while they are being fed into the
spinning machine, and consists in adapting and applying to or combining
with the spinning machine a rotary mechanical feeder, in which the feeding
rollers are made to revolve on their own axes, and also to revolve around a
centre at the point where the hair or fibre is introduced between them.
The feeder consists of a horizontal tube suitably mounted in bearings, with a
disc at one end, to which disc are fixed the bearings of the feeding rollers.
This tube and disc are made to revolve and to carry round with them a mitre
wheel turning in bearings fixed thereto. This mitre wheel gears with
another fixed wheel, by which means the former is made to revolve on its
axis; on this axis there is a spur wheel taking into a pinion on the axis of
one of the feeding rollers, which thereby receives motion, and imparts it to

page_text: the other roller by means of ordinary spur gear. In front of the rollers is
fixed a guide for directing the hair or fibre to the centre thereof.
I do not confine myself to the above-described mechanism for producing the
required double notion of the feeding rollers.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Nightingale in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
8th June 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
NIGHTINGALE of Wardour Street, Soho, in the County of Middlesex, Bedding
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of
Her reign, did; for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Charles Nightingale, Her special license that I, the said Charles
Nightingale, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Charles Nightingale, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR FEEDING HAIR AND FIBRES INTENDED TO BE SPUN OR
TWISTED," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles
Nightingale, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Nightingale, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to bo
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
My Invention of "Improvements in Machinery for Feeding Hair and
Fibres intended to be Spun or Twisted," relates to horse hair and such coarse
parallel or nearly parallel fibres as require to be twisted while they are being

page_text: fed into the spinning machine, and consists in adapting and applying to or
combining with the spinning machine a rotary mechanical feeder, in which the
feeding rollers are made to revolve on their own axes, and also to revolve
around a centre at the point where the hair or fibre is introduced between
them.
The feeder consists of a horizontal tube suitably mounted in bearings, with a
disc at one end, to which disc are fixed the bearings of the feeding rollers.
This tube and disc are made to revolve, and to carry round with them a mitre
wheel turning in bearings fixed thereto. This mitre wheel gears with another
wheel that is fixed, by which means the former is made to revolve on its axis.
On this axis there is a spur wheel taking into a pinion on the axis of one of
the feeding rollers, which thereby receives motion, and imparts it to the other
roller by means of ordinary spur gear. In front of the rollers is fixed a guide
for directing the hair or fibre to the centre thereof.
I do not confine myself to the above-described mechanism for producing the
required double motion of the feeding rollers.
Having thus stated the nature of the said Invention, I will proceed to
describe more particularly in what manner the same is to be performed, by
reference to the accompanying Drawings, in which are represented three
different modes of producing the double motion of the feeding rollers.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the mechanism above referred to; Fig. 2 is a
similar elevation, with the feeder having made a quarter of a revolution; and
Fig. 3 is a front view of the feeding rollers. Figures 4, 5, and 6 arc
corresponding views of the mechanism, with another mode of producing the
double motion of the feeding rollers; and Figures 7 and 8 represent a third
mode of producing the same; in all these several Figures the same letters of
reference indicate corresponding parts. A is the moveable headstock or standard
in which the tube is mounted; B is the driving wheel; C is the tube; D) is the
dise on the end of the tube carrying the bearings E, E, of the feeding rollers;
F is a mitre wheel mounted on a bracket or carrier so as to be capable of
revolving with the tube. This wheel gears with another similar wheel G, fixed
to the headstock or standard A, the tube passing through this wheel. On
the axis of the wheel F is a pinion H, gearing with an intermediate wheel I,
the latter gearing with the wheel K, keyed to the axis of the feeding roller L,
which, by means of the gearing M, gives motion to the roller N ; O is a spring
for giving the required pressure to the roller N; P is the guide in front of the
rollers through which the material is fed to them.

page_text: On motion being given to the wheel B, the tube C will be made to revolve
and carry round with it the mitre wheel F and the feeding rollers L and N,,
with the gearing belonging to them, but by the wheel G being fixed, and the
wheel F in gear with it being free to turn on its axis, the latter wheel will bo
made to revolve, and through the gearing H, I, K, will give rotary motion to
the roller L, and thence through the gearing M to the roller N; thus, on the
material intended to be spun being inserted through the guido P, and introduced.
between the rollers L and N, it will be drawn in by their motion on their axes
and receive the required twist by the revolution of the rollers with the tube C,
the twisted material passing along the interior of the tube, and thence into the
spinning machine.
Figures 4, 5, and 6 represent a mode of producing the required double,
motion of the feeding rollers by means of a spur wheel F', carried round with
the tube C, and a fixed spur wheel G' (through which the tube passes), rotary
motion being communicated from the axis of the wheel F' to that of the roller
L, by means of the worm I' and worm wheel K. Figures 7 and 8 represent
a mode of producing the same by means of a lixed pulley G2, through which the
tube C passes, and a line passed over a pair of guide pulleys I, and a pulley
K2, on the axis of the roller L. I would, however, remark that the mechanical
means of producing the said double motion of the feeding rollers may be varied
so as to adopt the required relation of the speeds for drawing in the material
between the rollers, and for twisting it, to the peculiar nature of the fibre or
material under treatment.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that what I claim
as of my Invention, is the rotary feeder above described, with its feeding rollers
made to revolve on their own axes, and also to revolve together around a
centre, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Nightingale, have hereunto
set my band and seal, the Seventh day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
CHARLES NIGHTINGALE. (L.B.)
Witness,
WILLIAM SPENCE,
50, Chancery Lane, Patent Agent.