matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR PRODUCING INDESTRUCTIBLE PHOTO- GRAPHIC PICTURES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert William Hart at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
March 1867.
I, HERBERT WILLIAM HART, of Springwell Lodge, Clapham Common, in
the County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR PRODUCING INDESTRUCTIBLE PHOTO-
GRAPHIC PICTURES," to be as follows:-
My Invention of an improved process for producing indestructible photo-
graphic pictures consists in producing such pictures on the surface of
glass enamel with which discs, sheets, or plates of iron, copper, or other metal
may be coated, as is well known, and then the picture must be burnt in by
submitting the enamelled metal plate to a very high degree of heat, so that
the enamel should be softened and partially melted so as to allow the photo-
graphic picture to become as it were embedded therein, and coated with
vitreous matter.
In carrying out my Invention the photographic picture may either be
taken direct on the enamelled surface in the ordinary manner, or a collodion
film with the photographic picture thereon may be transferred from the
ordinary glass plate to the enamelled surface of the metal disc, sheet, or plate;
or a negative may be first taken in the ordinary manner and then printed on
paper or other suitable surface or fabric, and transferred from thence to the
enamelled iron or metal, and then burnt in as before-mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ogden and John Stephenson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 3rd April 1867.
We, JOHN OGDEN, of Leeds, Engineer, and JOHN STEPHENSON, of Bradford,
both in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS" to he
as follows:-
The object of our Invention is to accelerate the production of steam in
steam boilers; it is more peculiarly applicable to what are termed "flued"
boilers. Taking, for example, a boiler of that construction, within the flue an
auxiliary boiler extends from that end of the boiler furthest from the fire to
within any desired distance of the bridge, the ends of such auxiliary boiler
being of egg-shaped formation by preference. We connect this inner boiler
by means of one or more rings or washers with the upper surface or "crown"
of the flue, similar connection being formed with the lower part and "manholes'
cut accordingly; we also leave around the auxiliary boiler a space to allow
the heat to pass round it and in to the chimney. We thereby are enabled
materially to increase the heating surface of "flued" boilers at a small increase
of price, an object of great importance where space and capital are limited.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING CERTAIN COLORS FROM ANILINE AND COAL TAR
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emilius de Nève at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th January 1867.
I, EMILIUS DE NÈVE, of St. Mary-at-Hill, in the City of London, Chemist,
and of Berlin, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING CERTAIN COLORS FROM ANILINE AND COAL TAR," to be
as follows (that is to say):-
My Invention has reference, firstly, to obtaining a crimson or scarlet color,
which I term-zinnin, direct from rosalic acid through the medium of alkalies,
such as potash, soda, kali, natron, or ammonia, for which purpose I expose
about equal parts of the above-named substances, previously mixed together
and placed within a covered vessel or suitable apparatus, to the action of beat
and boiled to a thick plastic state, which on being removed and dried is fit
By this process a scarlet coloring matter suitable for wool, silk, or
otherwise may be obtained at about one-fourth the cost of cochineal, which
color it closely resembles, at the same time being more simple in its appli-
cation, enabling the said color to be changed by the use of mordants from a
reddish orange to a bluish scarlet or otherwise; and, secondly, in producing
a silver grey color by the action of chromates or bichromates of potash upon
the salts of aniline, by separately dissolving the said substances and then
mixing the same together, and subsequently submitting them to heat, by
which the reaction take place, about equal parts of the said substances
being employed. The aforesaid grey color may also be used in a concentrated
form as a black dye.
AN IMPROVED VARNISH OR COMPOSITION TO BE APPLIED TO HEALDS OF LOOMS FOR WEAVING AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR USES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Robinson Parkinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
March 1867.
I, JAMES ROBINSON PARKINSON, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
VARNISH OR COMPOSITION TO BE APPLIED TO HEALDS OF LOOMS FOR WEAVING AND FOR
OTHER SIMILAR USES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the manufacture of a varnish or composition
to be applied to healds used in looms for weaving or for other similar uses,
which I effect by the admixture of the following ingredients in proportions as
follows: Of methylated finish, one imperial gallon; of shellac, two pounds
avoirdupois; resin, two pounds avoirdupois; gum thus, one pound avoirdupois ;
and of dragon's blood, half an ounce avoirdupois. Or instead of the methylated
finish above referred to I use naphtha in the like proportions; or an admix-
ture of methylated finish and naphtha equal proportions of one-half of each to
an imperial gallon. These ingredients being mixed dissolve and form (without
the application of heat or boiling) a varnish which on being applied to healds
coats them with a fine polish, thereby rendering such healds the more
durable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOPORTE ACTIONS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Jackson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th August
1867.
I, THOMAS JACKSON, of 21, Orchard Street, Portman Square, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOPORTE ACTIONS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in pianoforte actions. In
order to obtain the escapement in a pianoforte action, that is to say, in order
to cause the point of the fly or hopper at the moment that the blow is struck
to escape on to the inclined part of the lever or instrument on which it acts
so that the hammer may not be blocked against the string or so close to it as
to cause a second blow to be struck upon it, I mount on the block which
carries the fly or hopper a bent lever; this lever is jointed to the block at a
point intermediate of its length, and when the finger key is depressed the
outer end of the lever or rather an adjustable button upon it is brought up
against a fixed stop or rail just at the time when the escape is required, the
bent lever is then caused to turn on its centre, and its other end acting on a
button on the fly or hopper pushes it off. In some cases I add another arm
to the bent lever so as to make it of a T-like form approximately, and this
additional arm is then arranged to come against-a-block-on the lever or
instrument on which the fly or hopper acts so as to check it and hold the
hammer as it returns from the string.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN BALL AND OTHER COCKS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Garratt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
October 1867.
I, RICHARD GARRATT, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Plumber and
Gasfitter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN BALL AND OTHER COCKS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an improvement in the construction of ball and
other water cocks which is particularly applicable where the supply is at a
bigh pressure. The end of the supply pipe is turned upwards, and in it is
mounted a central spindle capable of sliding up and down; on this spindle is
fixed an inverted cup of lead or other metal, inside which is a disc of india-
rubber forming a water-tight valve, which when the spindle is pressed down
effectually closes the orifice of the supply pipe and shuts off the flow of water.
The body of the cock which encloses this valve may be of a globular or other
convenient form, having an opening below for the escape of the water, and
another at the top through which the upper part of the valve spindle works.
This valve spindle is connected to the ordinary lever and ball when a self-
acting arrangement is required, and if otherwise the spindle is provided with a
screw thread working in a screw formed in the opening through which it
passes out, and the valve is opened or closed by turning the spindle round by
means of a key or otherwise.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CLEANING OR BRUSHING BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Haynes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th May
1867.
I, GEORGE HAYNES, of Ellesmere, in the County of Salop, Sawyer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR CLEANING OR BRUSHING BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in having a suitable frame of wood or other material
carrying a small crank shaft worked by a treadle, as in a lathe, and com-
municating by means of cords and pulleys or other suitable contrivances a
revolving motion to a spindle, on which are placed circular brushes secured in
suitable blocks in such a manner that they may be removed if required, and
also permit the operator to apply any portion or part of the boot or shoe to the
brush. Three brushes forming a set, or more if required, may be placed
on the same spindle at a small distance apart, so that the whole operation may
be completed without removing the brushes or any inconvenience.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN RAILWAY AND OTHER TICKETS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hector Auguste Dufrené at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
February 1867. A communication from Monsieur Charles Cotte, residing
at Digue, in the Empire of France.
I, HECTOR AUGUSTE DUFRENÉ, of No. 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris, in the
Empire of France, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN RAILWAY AND OTHER TICKETS," to be as
follows, that is to say:-
The object of this Invention is to enable railway and other tickets to be
carried and collected with greater facility than at present.
The Invention consists in making the tickets with one or more holes or
perforations, either in the centre, sides, corners, or other parts of the, tickets,
the said hole or holes serving for the passage of a cord, pin, or other fastening,
by which the ticket may be attached to the coat or dress of the passenger or
bearer without risk of being lost, and when the tickets are taken by the
collector, instead of putting them in a bag, or in his pocket, as is the usual
practice, he can file them by passing a cord or needle through the said hole
or holes. The tickets can thus be collected without danger of any being lost,
and if required they may be classified as they are collected.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DIES FOR STAMPING
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Price at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st June
1867.
I, WILLIAM PRICE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Die
Forger, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DIES FOR STAMPING," to be as follows:-
Heretofore these dies have been made by forging the mould and then
welding thereon the steel face.
Now I propose instead thereof to cast the whole of the die in cast steel
from a proper mould, by which means several very important advantages will
be attained.
My Invention has reference to all kinds of dies employed for stamping and
pressing
IMPROVEMENTS IN VERMIN AND OTHER TRAPS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Stephens at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th January
1867.
I, FRANCIS STEPHENS, of the Parish of Pembridge, in the County of
Hereford, Corn Factor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VERMIN AND OTHER TRAPS," to be as follows:-
Hitherto vermin and other traps have been set by means of a loose tongue
being placed into a catch on the bridge or tread by the hand, and thereby
necessitating the hand being exposed to the action of the jaws in the event of
their accidentally closing.
Now my Invention consists in fixing a tongue or a projecting flat bit of
metal, the edge of which is bevilled, to the under side or inside of one of the
jaws, by preference the right jaw, so that when the jaws are open the fixed
tongue takes into the catch on the bridge or tread, and the trap is thereby
more readily set than when the tongue is loose as heretofore, at the same
time with much less risk of personal injury to the setter of the trap.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF DESIGNS UPON FABRICS COMPOSED OF FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jesse Brickles, John Samuel
Jackson and Walter Scott Berry at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 23rd April 1867.
We, JESSE BRICKLES, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Gentle-
man, JOHN SAMUEL JACKSON, of Pendleton, in the said County, Warehouseman,
and WALTER SCOTT BERRY, of Manchester, aforesaid, Warehouseman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PRODUCTION OF DESIGNS UPON FABRICS COMPOSED OF FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention relates to the production of designs upon velvets, velveteens,
cords, plushes and other fabrics which have floated, or other such threads
capable of being cut or raised.
In order to effect our improvement we take such a fabric as aforesaid and
emboss or impress certain parts thereof; this operation leaves raised portions,
which we remove by shearing, burning, or other ordinary process; we then
submit the whole to moisture, and the embossed parts become raised above
those which have been shorn; we propose to operate on fabrics as above in
the "grey"condition, and in that case the required moisture will be afforded
by the subsequent operations connected with dyeing; or we raise the embossed
parts by cards, brushes, or other such apparatus usually employed for raising
the face of fustians and other fabrics.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PACK SADDLES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Astbury Leveson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th October
1867.
I, HENRY ASTBURY LEVESON, of Belgravia, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PACK SADDLES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to construct pack saddles in such manner
that they may be readily accommodated to fit any sized animal, a mule, a
bullock, or a camel.
I construct the tree of the saddle of one or more (by preference two) pair
of bars of iron or other suitable material, the two bars of each pair being
pivoted to each other in a similar manner to the two halves of a pair of
scissors; they are kept open at an angle to suit the sized back to which the
saddle is to be applied by a bar fitted to their upper part and formed with
holes, through one or other of which a bolt or pin is passed to hold the tree
bars in place; or instead of this fixing bar any other convenient appliance
may be applied to keep the tree bars apart. The lower ends of the tree bars
carry the ordinary pads, while their upper ends vary in shape according to the
description of load or baggage they are intended to carry; for supporting a
cannon lengthwise the two of each pair should form between them a curve or
hollow, thus
AN IN- PROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES, FLUES, AND VESSELS WHICH ARE SUBJECTED TO HIGH TEMPERATURES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Davis Pochin and Edward
Hunt at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 3rd October 1867.
We, HENRY DAVIS POCHIN, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Manu-
facturing Chemist, and EDWARD HUNT, of Manchester, in the said County,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IN-
PROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES, FLUES, AND VESSELS WHICH ARE
SUBJECTED TO HIGH TEMPERATURES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the use of chrome ore in the construction of
furnaces, flues, and vessels or such parts thereof as are subjected to intense
heat.
AN IMPROVED BOOK REST
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Owen Hallett and William
Tamsett Hallett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th May 1867.
We, EDWIN OWEN HALLETT and WILLIAM TAMSETT HALLETT, both of
Weymouth, in the County of Dorset, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED BOOK REST," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in a small piece of wood, steel, or other material so
curved or shaped as to fit across the knee comfortably. To this is attached
a small tubular pedestal which contains a spiral spring at its lower end and
receives a rod capable of being raised or lowered upon the said spring. The
The
top of said rod carries a small shelf, on which a book or paper can rest.
height of the said shelf is regulated by raising or lowering the rod in the tube
and securing it by a set screw, while the spiral spring compensates for the
oscillation when used in a railway carriage or under other circumstances.
The whole article is made in several pieces, so as to render it portable, which
may be screwed together when wanted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STOPPING BOTTLES AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Drake Tate at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
May 1867.
I, WILLIAM DRAKE TATE, of 14, Cloudesley Square, Islington, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR STOPPING BOTTLES AND OTHER VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for stopping
bottles and other vessels. For this purpose I employ a tube or socket which
is conveniently made of thin metal, and I spring on to the lower end of it
a short piece of india-rubber tube, which naturally is somewhat smaller in
internal diameter than the socket. The socket with the india-rubber tube
covering it is forced into the mouth of the bottle or vessel like a cork, and
the india-rubber gives sufficient elasticity to ensure a tight joint between the
socket and the neck of the bottle or vessel. The bottle or vessel being thus
fitted is closed by a stopper made by preference of glass or earthenware; the
stem of this stopper is of such a size as to pass quite freely down through the
socket, but it is embraced by the free end of the india-rubber tube which
projects somewhat beyond the socket, and so an air-tight joint is made. To
obtain access to the contents of the bottle or vessel, the stopper is drawn out,
leaving the socket and india-rubber tube still in the neck of the bottle or
vessel; the stopper will always come out very easily, the india-rubber tube
yielding when a slight force is applied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FACILI TATING THE MEANS OF LEARNING HOW TO WRITE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
May 1867. A communication from Léon Woog, residing at Boulevart
du Prince Eugène, in Paris, in the Empire of France.
1, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices,
24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 38, Porchester
Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FACILI
TATING THE MEANS OF LEARNING HOW TO WRITE," a communication from Léon
Woog, a person resident at Boulevart du Prince Eugène, in Paris, aforesaid,
to be as follows:-
The Invention communicated to me relates to an apparatus wherewith to
maintain the handle of a penholder in the required position between the
fingers so as to write properly, and consists in an unsoldered metal ring so as
to give a certain suppleness, and which is placed on the third joint of the
forefinger; on this ring is soldered, rivetted, or otherwise fixed an appendice
consisting of a little metal blade twisted round screw-shaped, in which is put
the middle part of the handle of the penholder, which is supported by the
same, whilst its lower extremity is held between the thumb, the forefinger,
and middle finger.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING OR MANUFACTURING SALTPETRE, IODINE, AND BROMINE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edgar Poynter and Thomas
Law Patterson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 2nd July 1868.
We, JOHN EDGAR POYNTER, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Manufacturing Chemist, and THOMAS LAW PATTERSON,
of Greenock, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, Chemist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OBTAINING OR MANUFACTURING SALTPETRE, IODINE, AND BROMINE," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object the manufacture of saltpetre directly
with ultimate recovery of the iodine and bromine from "kelp," seaweed
charcoal," or other residue of the decomposition of seaweeds by heat.
For this purpose the material is lixiviated in the usual manner :-The
lixivium is then concentrated with the addition of nitrate of soda to
the proper strength, and the clear solution of nitrate of potash is
filtered or syphoned off from the precipitated soda salts into vessels,
where it is allowed to crystallise, or it may be granulated and other-
wise treated in the usual manner. The mother liquor is concentrated
and further crops of saltpetre obtained. After the removal of three or

page_text: four crops of crystals, the mother liquor is treated in the usual manner
with vitriol in excess in stone or earthenware vessels, and the tem-
perature raised to 150 degrees Fahrenheit to decompose the sulphur
compounds. When the liquor has cooled the sulphur is filtered off,
and the iodine precipitated with chlorine or a chlorine preparation,
such as hypochlorite of soda or lime. But other precipitants can be
used, as those, for instance, which act directly on the iodide, like chromate
of potash, and those which act indirectly by decomposing nitric acid with
the aid of heat, and liberating nitrous compounds which react on the iodide
like sulphate of iron or copperas. The liquor after removing the iodine
is neutralised with the salt obtained in the previous part of the operation
and the liquors returned to the stock for further concentration. When
sufficient bromine has accumulated in the liquors it is extracted in the
usual manner after the removal of the iodine by distillation with binoxide
of manganese, chlorine, or a hypochlorite, or otherwise, and the liquors
are neutralised with the salt and returned to the stock as before.
By the improved process herein-before described much less fuel is
required for concentrating than is ordinarily used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF METEOROLOGICAL INDICATORS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Solomons at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th November 1868.
I, BENJAMIN SOLOMONS, of the Firm of S. and B. Solomons, of
Albemarle Street, in the County of Middlesex, Optician, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF METEOROLOGICAL INDICATORS," to be as.
follows:-
My improvements in meteorological indicators consist, first, in con--
structing thermometers with a vernier scale, by which I am enabled to
ascertain the position of the mercury or other fluid to the hundredth
part of a degree centigrade, for instance, instead of to a tenth only as
heretofore.
It relates, secondly, to an improved combination or arrangement of
meteorological indicators by which their utility is greatly increased for
scientific purposes. On a plate or frame of suitable dimensions I attach
a mercurial syphon barometer, together with a reference thermometer,
a self-registering thermometer, hygrometer, and camphor glass, the latter
being provided with references for indicating the state of the weather:

page_text: The reference thermometer I construct with a vernier scale as first above
described, by which I am enabled to obtain observations to the hundredth
part of a degree, not only from the thermometers by reference thereto,
but also from the hygrometer. By combining these several instruments
in one frame in the manner described they are rendered much more
available for use, especially in mines and for taking mountain observations,
where at present each separate instrument must be examined and the
indications afterwards compared, whereas by the adoption of these
improvements the several instruments may be read off simultaneously.
A IMPROVED METHOD OF HANGING OR SUSPENDING WINDOW SASHES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Scholefield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th March 1868.
I, CHARLES SCHOLEFIELD, of Beverley, in the County of York,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "A
IMPROVED METHOD OF HANGING OR SUSPENDING WINDOW SASHES," to be as
follows:-
My improvement consists of connecting the sashes by means of two
cords (or other pliable material) hereafter called the suspender, one
end of each suspender being attached to a top corner or some other part
of each sash. Each suspender is then passed over a pulley or pulleys,
sheive or sheives, affixed over each sash. By this arrangement one
sash balances the other in all positions, so that when either the higher
or lower sash is pulled down or raised up the other sash ascends or
descends a corresponding distance. Thus on opening one sash the other

page_text: sash also opens the same space, and the closing either sash effects the
closing of both. By this mode of hanging sashes the present system of
using counterpoise weights for suspending or balancing each sash is.
entirely dispensed with.
AN IMPROVED LAMP POR LIGHTING MINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marmaduke Wilkin and John
Clark at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th November 1868.
We, MARMADUKE WILKIN, of 2, Saint James' Terrace, Parish of
Paddington, County of Middlesex, Gentleman, and JOHN CLARK, of
23, Chippenham Terrace, Parish of Paddington, County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED LAMP POR LIGHTING MINES," to be as follows:-
In improving the method for lighting mines we propose to use lamps
buring gas, oil, or other illuminating materials, but instead of allowing
the said lamps to draw the air proper for their combustion from that
surrounding them we furnish them with air propelled from a pure source
at the bottom or top of the shaft; we convey the air to supply the
combustion in air-tight tubes to the interior of the said lamps. We
supply a greater quantity of air to the said lamps than is necessary for
the combustion of the gas or other illuminating material, and the overplus
we cause to blow gently out by escape valves or covers near the top
of the said lamps, thereby preventing the entrance of foul air or air

page_text: which has become mixed with inflamable gas in the mine known as
fire-damp. By preference we glaze the lamps about half their height
with glass, the upper half we prefer to make of sheet metal to withstand
the heat. We furnish dampers to the said lamps so constructed that
when the proper supply and pressure of air is supplied the damper is
elevated, but if the supply of air is withheld the damper will descend or
collapse and extinguish the light or turn off the supply of gas according
to the kind of lamps used. The said dampers may be fitted in connection
with the escape valves above referred to. When gas lamps are used the
gas is produced and conveyed in pipes in the usual way. The air is
propelled through the air-tight tubes above referred to by any well under-
stood method, such as by fans, air pumps, steam jet, etc. In lighting
the lamps we propose to use safety matches, such as those manufactured
by Bryant and May under their Patent dated 15th August 1855, No.
1854. After the match is inserted into the lamp by the escape valve
above referred to it is struck and the lamp is lighted. We furnish
the lamps with tubes into which the lighted match is thrust and thereby
extinguished before it is withdrawn.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR RETAINING CORKS OR OTHER STOPPERS IN BOTTLES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Howard Glover at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
May 1868.
I, HOWARD GLOVER, of No. 13, New Church Street, Bermondsey, in
the County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR RETAINING CORKS OR OTHER
STOPPERS IN BOTTLES," to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to provide for the secure holding of
corks or other stoppers in bottles so as to prevent their being forced
out by internal pressure, and yet to admit of repeated use of the same
corks or other stoppers, and of the means used for securing them in
the bottles. For this purpose I affix a band, by preference of metal,
round the neck of the bottle just below the top rim or other projection
thereof that will prevent this band from being drawn off such neck by
the force of internal pressure. To this band I apply by pivot or other

page_text: joints a strap or band, by preference also of metal, to pass over and bear
on the cork or other stopper, such band having a projection if desired
to assist in moving it off and on to the cork or other stopper when
turned on its pivots.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF GAS TO BURNERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Hallas, George Hallas,
and Samuel Joseph Woodhouse at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 9th October 1868.
We, DAVID HALLAS, GEORGE HALLAS, and SAMUEL JOSEPH WOOD-
HOUSE, all of Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE SUPPLY
OF GAS TO BURNERS'," to be as follows:-
The object of our Invention is to graduate the supply of gas according
to the varying requirements of each particular case. For this purpose
in the first place we use a tap or cock of peculiar construction. On the
face of the centre part (within which the cock turns) we place an index
marked at given intervals to denote that when the handle of the cock
is severally opposite to them gas for the various numbers of lights
which they note is being passed through. The rotating part of the
cock itself is made hollow and pierced in its circumference with holes
of varying size so regulated that each is capable of supplying a given
number of lights and no more, and the gas is emitted into the supply
pipe through an oblong port or slot in the cock which is opposite the
holes.

page_text: In conjunction with this cock we sometimes use an additional
apparatus which further regulates the supply of gas, and which consists
of a perforated cylinder of metal floating in liquid within a chamber,
through which passes all the gas to be consumed. The perforations
referred to consist of diagonal rows of holes at suitable distances apart
and of various diameters, the largest being at the bottom, as when the
pressure is the greatest (the cock being turned on full) the cylinder is
proportionately raised and the gas escapes from the fluid and passes
through the holes into the chamber; it now passes through the pipe
communicating with the upper part of it on to the burners.
A slight modification of this latter arrangement is preferred where
large quantities of gas are required. This consists of having a chamber
with a closed top and surrounding its upper half with an outer chamber
which receives the gas which escapes through the perforated cylinder
and through perforations around the inner chamber; in this case,
however, the largest perforations of the cylinder are in the centre of
each row and graduate either way. A packing ring of oiled silk or
tissue paper is used between the cylinder and the inner chamber just
above the perforations in the latter so that the cylinder may slide up
it and the gas be prevented from entering it above the perforations in
it. A pressure gauge may be affixed either to the cock or tap or above
the cylinder (when it is used) to denote the pressure of the gas.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UTILIZATION OF THE WASTE PRODUCTS ARISING FROM ESPARTO GRASS AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Franklin Winser and Israel
Swindells at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 11th March 1868.
We, FRANKLIN WINSER, of the City of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, and ISRAEL SWINDELLS, of Kegworth, in the County of
Leicester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UTILIZATION OF THE WASTE PRODUCTS ARISING FROM
ESPARTO GRASS AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
PAPER AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
We evaporate by means of steam or fire the liquor as it comes from
the boiler or vats down to a thick pasty substance, when we run the
same on to a hearth, drying pan, or any other apparatus or means, by
which we remove the remaining moisture and reduce the stuff to a dry
or nearly dry substance, after which we place it in gas retorts or any
other apparatus or means, by which the gas which exists in large
quantities is evolved and may be used or not for purposes of light, as
may be found expedient according to the situation where the operations
are carried on. When the whole of the gas is evolved the cokes are

page_text: drawn and put into a vat or any suitable receptacle, and either boiling
water or water and steam added until the whole of the alkali is washed
out, which is again ready for use either as a carbonate, or it may be made
into a caustic by the usual methods. The cokes may then be treated
with a solution of phosphate of lime and China clay or kaolin, or either
of them separately, and the product again heated in a closed retort or
furnace by which the phosphate of lime and China clay or kaolin, or
either of them, become precipitated into the coke, and upon being
drawn and allowed to cool will then be suitable for refining sugars or
any other articles of a like nature. In obtaining the last portions of
waste liquor from the fibrous matters and for obtaining nearly the
whole of the alkali which has been used, and thereby at the same time
preventing any nuisance arising from sending these alkalies into streams
or rooms, we prefer to have the fibres pressed either by means of
hydraulic or other suitable press in preference to the plan generally
adopted of pouring large quantities of cold water through the same.
We also during the process of the gas manufacture obtain similar oily
matters that are found in the manufacture of ordinary coal gas.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLING MACHINERY
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bottomley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd January 1868.
I, WILLIAM BOTTOMLEY, of Bramley, near Leeds, in the County of
York, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLING MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
The first object of my Invention is to prevent cloths being "nipped"
by the "tongue," and thus damaged during the process of milling. It
is usual, as is well known, to fix the driving pulley upon the end of the
lower roller shaft, or in other words to drive direct, one of the con-
sequences being (when the belt is overhead) that with the constant
upward pull or strain the caps of the bearings become worn and allow
the shafts to lift up, and thus cause the nipping of the "tongue" before
referred to. To obviate this disadvantage I introduce an independent
driving shaft through the machine, having its bearings on the framework
and in convenient proximity to the lower roller shaft, and I drive such
roller shaft by a pinion upon the driving shaft geared into a toothed
wheel upon it (the roller shaft) regulating the relative sizes and speeds

page_text: so as to give the customary speeds usual to milling rollers. By this
arrangement I avoid the nipping of the cloth, obtain increased steadiness
of action as well as general durability, and am also able to drive the
machine more easily and with a narrower belt than is usual.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF FASTENING RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGE DOORS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Lucas, of Barnes, in the County of
Surrey, and Thomas Palmer Lucas, of Bromley, in the County of
Kent, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF FASTENING
RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGE DOORS."
Sealed the 4th May 1869, and dated the 6th November 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Lucas and
Thomas Palmer Lucas at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,.
with their Petition, on the 6th November 1868..
THOMAS LUCAS, of Barnes, in the County of Surrey, and THOMAS.
PALMER LUCAS, of Bromley, in the County of Kent, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF FASTENING
RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGE DOORS," to be as follows:-
That by the introduction of a rack or racks and a cog spur wheel
being fixed on the boss through which the spindle of the handle is passed.

page_text: and being acted upon by a spring will when the door is pulled to shoot
the bolt or bolts into their proper position, at the same time turn the
handle from the vertical to a horizontal position, thereby proving to
persons outside that the door is securely fastened without their
assistance. The same result can also be accomplished by means of an
eccentric lever or crank being placed on the boss as aforesaid, and acted
upon by the same spring.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN COUPLING HOSE FOR STEAM AND FIRE ENGINES, GAS AND WATER PIPES, HYDRANTS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles William Bradshaw at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 22nd July 1868.
I, CHARLES WILLIAM BRADSHAW, of Stubbington, in the County of
Hants, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN COUPLING HOSE FOR STEAM AND FIRE ENGINES, GAS AND WATER PIPES,
HYDRANTS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The principle of this Invention consists of the joining of fire hose,
water and other pipes by means of a male & female socket so arranged
that a ring introduced between the two before joining, upon which ring
eccentric grooves are formed which act upon two wedge-like pieces of
metal introduced in openings formed in the female socket by turning the
ring before mentioned, the wedges are drawn in and close upon a bevel
in the male socket, and thus form a secure and water-tight joint.
To more fully explain the Invention I refer to the accompanying
Drawings.
A, Fig. 1, represents the female socket, and B, Fig. 2, the male socket.
The male socket is provided in the portion which enters the female
with an external circumferential groove C having an inclined plane or

page_text: bevel D. The female socket is provided with a ring E, Fig. 3, having
eccentric guideways or grooves F, in which work the flange pieces of
the slides or wedges, Fig. 4. These wedges are bevelled on one side to
fit the bevelled side of D, Fig. 2, and are introduced at the opening G
in Fig. 1, and being acted upon by the eccentric grooves F in ring,
Fig. 3, a wedge-like junction is formed. Fig. 5 is a collar or ring
screwed on to Fig. 3. Fig. 6, plan of Fig. 2 or male socket. Fig. 7, a
general view of all the parts combined.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TIES FOR PAINTING AND OTHER BRUSHES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Adolphus Watkins at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 13th January 1868.
I, CHARLES ADOLPHUS WATKINS, of the Firm of Hamilton & Co.,
Brush Manufacturers, of 9 & 10, Greek Street, Soho Square, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF TIES FOR PAINTING AND OTHER BRUSHES," to be as
follows:-
It is usual for painters to tie up their brushes by winding string
partially along the bristles, and it frequently happens that the brushes
do not work properly through being wound either too tightly or too
loosely. To obviate this defect and at the same time give the workmen
ties ready to their hands I manufacture them in the following manner:-
On a conical chuck or mould turned to the required dimensions and
slightly greased I wind string or other suitable material until the
proper length is obtained, the string is then fastened by loops or knots
in the usual way, the two ends are passed under the first turn and left
sufficiently long to project beyond the binding of the brush for which
it is intended for the purpose of securing them to the handle or other

page_text: convenient part thereof; the string is next coated with gluc, varnish,
or other adhesive material, allowed to dry, and removed from the mould;
it is now ready for use and may be slipped on the brush at any time it
is required. The string may be wound on the mould by hand or by
causing the mould to revolve on an ordinary lathe mandril. In place
of the long ends of string above described pieces of tape or webbing
may be employed which are sewn to the string after it is removed from
the mould. I also make the ties by cutting a band of webbing or other
woven fabric the required size and shape, sewing the ends together and
attaching strings or tapes as before.
AN IMPROVED MATERIAL POR THE MANUFACTURE OR ORNAMENTATION OF BONNETS AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bartholomew Mullord
and Alexander Mullord at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 16th January 1868.
We, HENRY BARTHOLOMEW MULLORD and ALEXANDER MULLORD,
Manufacturing Stationers, both of Hoxton, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MATERIAL POR THE MANUFACTURE OR ORNAMENTATION OF BONNETS AND OTHER
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to an improved material to be applied for
ornamenting bonnets and other similar purposes, and also for the
manufacture of collars, cuffs, and such like articles. This consists of a
silk or satin fabric of the form and color desired, provided with a
backing of one or more thicknesses of paper or parchment to give
it the required stiffness and durability. The silk or satin fabric is
caused to adhere to the backing by means of glue or other adhesive
substance. This combined material we ornament by embossing and
perforating in suitable designs according to the purpose to which it
is to be applied. The embossing is performed in the ordinary manner
by means of a die, the perforations being produced by rubbing on the
reverse or paper side of the material with glass paper, the friction

page_text: wearing away the portions of the fabric raised on that side by the
die. We then prefer to apply a finer quality of glass paper to remove
the frayed edge of the silk or satin fabric caused by the perforations.
This improved material is also applicable for valentines and for
ornamenting the covers of books.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING OR DAMPING AND MARKING PAPER USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPOOL TUBES AND CARTRIDGE CASES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Foster at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th September
1868.
I, JOHN FOSTER, the younger, of the Firm of John Foster and Sons,
of Black Dike Mills, Queensbury, near Halifax, in the County of York,
Alpaca, Mohair, and Worsted Spinners and Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING OR DAMPING AND MARKING PAPER USED
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPOOL TUBES AND CARTRIDGE CASES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of spool tubes and cartridge
cases, improvements in machinery for the manufacture of which Her
Majesty's Royal Letters Patent were granted to me bearing date the
28th day of August 1866, No. 2213. Now in the process of manufacture
it is necessary to have the strips of paper damped or moistened in order
that they may the better take the paste and adhere together more
securely when rolled or formed. It is also required to have some
distinguishing mark put upon the said tubes or cases which will be
visible when made.

page_text: For these purposes I construct a machine consisting of suitable frame-
work on which at one end is mounted a winsel or pair of conical studs
to receive and support a roll of the paper, also at the other end is
another winsel to which rotary motion is given so that the paper may
be unrolled from the first winsel upon the second. Between each of
these winsels I mount a cylindrical brush or a roller covered with felt
or other absorbent material, and under it is a vessel to contain water,
both of which are attached to a lever and stop rod and hinged so that
the roller may readily be placed in or out of contact with the paper
when starting and stopping the machine. Also another roller or wheel
is employed the surface or periphery of which may be formed or furnished
with any desirable device or design, which roller or wheel is mounted so
as to rotate in a vessel containing a solution of soda or other solutions or
liquors capable of producing either a chemical change or dyeing effect
upon the paper of which the tubes are made, which is caused in
passing from the first winsel to pass in contact first with the damping
roller, and then with the marking roller to the second winsel, suitable
guides being provided for guiding or conducting the said paper. An
index plate with a pointer is also applied and worked in conjunction for
measuring and shewing the length of paper contained in each roll passed
through the machine.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR DECORTICATING GRAIN
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 1st October 1868.-A communication from abroad by Emanuel
Weiss, of Rue St. Sebastien, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, dó hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR DECORTICATING
GRAIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of a new process for
moistening or softening the outer cuticle of grain in order to facilitate
the decortication thereof. To this end an alkaline solution is employed
instead of water of different degrees of temperature as previously used.
The solution consists of caustic soda dissolved in water in the propor-
tions of about 1 part of soda to 20 parts of water.
The moistening or softening of the grain is effected in a vessel
furnished with a stop-cock to regulate the flow of the solution supplied
thereto. Any other known system of apparatus applicable to washing,
cleaning, sifting, or drying purposes may be employed, and the grain

page_text: may be subjected to a shaking or rubbing movement. The solution has
the effect of loosening the outer cuticle of the grain (which constitutes
the pure bran), and of causing it to expand, so that it may be detached
easily from the grain on the slightest friction being applied.
Excellent results may also be obtained by the addition of a small 5
quantity of alum and common salt, or of calcareous water.