Improvements in Dobbies of Looms for Weaving, and in Appliances connected therewith.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 25th July, 1892
Complete Specification Left, 25th May, 1893-Accepted, 22nd July, 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Dobbies of Looms for Weaving, and in Appliances
connected therewith.
We JOHN WARD, and JOSEPH WARD, both of Ingham Street, Iron Works,
Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Makers, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in dobbies of looms for weaving, and to
improvements in the measuring or indicating motion or mechanism connected with
such dobbies and consists,
Firstly. Of improvements in dobbies whereby we are enabled to use stronger
and stouter pattern pegs than heretofore.
Secondly. To improvements in the jack levers employed in such dobbies such
improvements lessening the wear and tear of such levers and preventing the
objectional dropping of the outer ends of said levers.
Thirdly. To improvements in the method of and means employed for adjusting
the pattern barrel on its shaft and allowing the said barrel to be turned in either
direction without in any way effecting the loom.
Fourthly. To improvements in dobbies in which two pattern barrels are
employed and this part of our invention consists of improved appliances for
bringing one or other of the pattern barrels into operation after a change of
pattern has been indicated by the improved measuring motion which consists of
apparatus whereby a positive motion is conveyed from the emery or taking up
roller to the appliances which control the pattern barrels of the dobby.
In
According to this our said invention and referring to the first part of same.
lieu of employing one pattern barrel as heretofore in the lags of which were a
double row of holes and pins, we employ two barrels and in each lag is a single
row of holes and pegs which can be made much stouter and stronger. The
barrels are mounted one behind the other and preferably on one level. Two
tumbler levers are employed one in connection with each barrel and are placed
side by side, one tumbler lever extends to the first barrel and is operated by the
pegs therein.
The second tumbler lever extends to the second barrel and is
operated by the pegs in it. A. hollow or recess is formed in the second lever where
it passes over the first barrel so that the pegs in it do not operate on this lever.
When each pair of tumbler levers are carried on one shaft the pegs on the barrel
farthest from such shaft are slightly longer than those in the nearest one in order
to make the action of the levers equal. If the tumbler levers are carried on
separate shafts equi distant from their respective barrels then the pins in each
barrel are of the same length. The action of the tumbler lever is as ordinary.
The improved construction of jack levers is as follows:-The teeth of each jack
lever are formed not concentric to the centre of motion of such shafts as heretofore
but are formed on a lug or car cast to and parallel with the length of the jack
levers so that the teeth of one lever engage fully with the teeth of the other, and
slipping and consequent dropping of the outer ends of the levers, and wear and tear
of the teeth is obviated. The overhanging portion of the upper lug on one of the
jack levers prevents dust and dirt accumulating between the teeth.
The improved method of and means employed for adjusting the pattern barrel on
its shaft and allowing of its being turned at will consists in dispensing with the key
formed on the barrel shaft, and the key bed in the ordinary clutch. The peg
wheel is loose on the barrel shaft and is cast with one, two or more holes in it.
On the said shaft is fixed by set screw a plate wheel or disc on the face of which
âre corresponding nugs, engaging with the holes in the peg wheel which is driven

page_text: by the peg boss as ordinary. When it is desired to turn or reverse the pattern
barrel without operating the loom, the peg wheel is by the ordinary clutch fork
and lever arrangement, slightly slided on its shaft so as to disengage with the peg
boss but not so far as to disengage with the nugs on the plate wheel or disc.
The barrel can then be turned in either direction and when turned to the desired
position the peg wheel can readily be moved back so that it engages with the peg
boss. The barrel is adjusted on its shaft by loosing the set screw in the disc or
plate wheel. In some cases we prefer to fix the peg wheel on its shaft by means of
a loose key which is held in position on the shaft by being passed into a key bed
formed in a bush or collar placed on the shaft and inside the boss of the supporting
bracket. The ordinary clutch is fitted on the shafts and on the key, a bed being
provided for the latter."
The peg wheel is placed in position on the shaft and is operated and thrown in
or out of gear in the ordinary manner. The barrel can be adjusted by loosening a
set screw which holds the bush and key in position. Instead of. moving the peg
wheel in or out of gear with the peg boss, the latter may be provided with a clutch
and the peg boss thrown in or out of gear with this clutch so that said boss is loose
or fast on its shaft as desired.
.
Referring now to dobbies in which two pattern barrels are employed. In order
to bring one or other of the barrels into operation and lock it in position. To the
outer jack lever we attach an arm the upper end of which is connected to one end
of a three armed lever carried on a fulcrum stud fixed to the frame. To one arm of
the lever is attached a. connecting rod the other end of which is by slot and pin
attached to one end of the ordinary rocking lever which carries the two pattern
barrels. The third arm of the lever is by rod connected with a sneck lever, the
sneck of which locks the inner pattern barrel in its working position.
For bringing the outer pattern barrel into working position we employ a lever
one end of which is drawn down by the measuring motion to the other end of
said lever raises the end of a second lever which lowers a tumbler lever until it
rests on the outer barrel.. When a peg in the outer barrel operates on the
lowered tumbler lever, the end of the latter, or. a second tumbler lever pulls
down the end of a lever which by a pin raises a catch or draw lever so that the
latter engages with the sneck lever, and as the rocking or lever is moved the
draw lever pulls the sneck lever off the holding piece and a spiral spring on
the end of the rocking lever carrying the pattern barrels raises the inner pattern
barrel to its working position. It will be seen that the measuring. motion does.
not itself change the pattern barrels but only moves the parts into position for
being operated on by the peg in the barrel, so that the change is certain and
accurate.
In order that the pushing catch shall not operate the ratchet wheel on the
pattern barrel shaft until a change in the pattern is desired, we connect the outer
end of the pushing catch by a chain or wire to one end of a crank held in a raised
position by a nug held in a recess in a lever the outer. end of which is connected by
wire to a second measuring motion. When the lever is operated by the second
measuring motion the nug is released and the catch falls until it rests in gear with
the ratchet wheel. The crank is moved back until the nug is again held by the
lever by means of a chain or wire connected to one end of the rocking lever
carrying the pattern barrels.
An alternate plan of bringing and locking the barrels in their working position
consists of a rocking lever operated from a jack lever.
On the rocking lever is a link connected by slot and pin with a 'bell crank lever
one arm of which is by link connected to one end of the rocking lever carrying the
pattern barrels.
The other arm of the bell crank lever carries a locking pin held
in one position (with the inner barrel working) by means of a sneck on the finger on
the first mentioned working lever. The locking finger is held in the other position
(with the outer barrel in its working position) by a snecked finger of a bell cranked
lever carried on the frame of the dobby. When the measuring motion operates the

page_text: tumblers as above described two draw levers on the rocking arm engage with
pins on the two bell crank levers, and the second mentioned bell crank lever moves its
snecked finger from the holding pin on the first bell crank, the other draw lever moves
the first bell crank until the holding pin in the latter is held by the snecked finger on
the first mentioned rocking lever. In this case the action is positive no springs
being required.
The improved measuring motion comprises apparatus as follows:-On the axis
of the emery or taking up roller is a wheel gearing with a like wheel carried on a
stud and on the latter is a bevel wheel gearing with a bevel on an upright shaft the
lower end of which carries a bevel wheel on a cross stud on which is a wheel
gearing with a bevel wheel on a cross stud, on which is a wheel gearing with a like
wheel on a shaft which carries a cam plate or disc with adjustable projecting pins
on its face.
In front of and near to the cam plate or disc is an upright arm of a bell crank
lever. The top of the upright arm carries loosely in slides, an arm on which is a
finger and an anti friction runner the latter moving on an inclined piece or bed.
When a pin on the cam plate comes in contact with the finger the bell crank lever
is moved on its fulcrum, and the runner moves up the inclined bed so that the
finger is raised over the operating pin and a sharp movement is given to the bell
crank lever, which by chain or wire is connected to the parts of the dobby to be
operated thereby.
A spring moves the bell crank lever to its normal position. One two or
more cam plates, bell crank levers and apparatus connected therewith may be
employed, all the cam plates being carried on one and the same shaft.
Dated this 22nd dow of July 1900
'
WALTER BRIERLEY,
Penny Bank Chambers, Waterhouse Street, Halifax,
Agent for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Dobbies of Looms for Weaving, and in Appliances
connected therewith.
We JOHN WARD and JOSEPH WARD both of Ingham Street, Iron Works,
Blackburn in the County of Lancaster Machine Makers, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in dobbies of looms for weaving and to
improvements in the measuring or indicating motion or mechanism connected with
such dobbies and consists-
Firstly-Of improvements in dobbies whereby we are enabled to use stronger
and stouter pattern pegs than heretofore.
Secondly-To improvements in the method of and means employed for
adjusting the pattern barrel on its shaft and allowing the said barrel to be turned
in either direction without in any way affecting the loom.
Thirdly-To improvements in dobbies in which two pattern barrels are
employed and this part of our invention consists of improved appliances for
bringing one or other of the pattern barrels into operation after a change of
pattern has been indicated by the improved measuring motion which consists of
apparatus whereby a positive motion is conveyed from the emergy or taking up
roller to the appliances which control the pattern barrels of the dobby.
Such being the nature and object of our said invention the following is a
complete description of same reference being had to the accompanying drawings
in which :-
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of tumbler levers mounted on one shaft and end
sectional elevation of the two pattern barrels.

page_text: arrow in Fig.
Fig. 2 is a similar view to Fig. 1, but the tumbler levers are mounted on
separate shafts.
Fig. 3 is a front elevation of part of a pattern barrel with our improved appliances
for adjusting same on its shaft applied thereto.
Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation of part of Fig. 3.
Figs. 5 and 6 are details.
Fig. 7 is a front elevation of a part of a pattern barrel with a modified form
of the improved appliances for adjusting the pattern barrel on its shaft shewn
partly in section.
Figs. 8 and 9 are details of Fig. 7 drawn detached in order more clearly to shew
the construction.
Fig. 10 is a front elevation of apparatus employed for throwing the peg boss out
of gear with the peg wheel of the pattern barrel.
Fig. 11 is a detail of part of the appliances connected with the improved
measuring motion.
Fig. 12 is also a detail of part of the appliances connected with the improved
measuring motion.
Fig. 13 is a side elevation of Fig. 12.
Fig. 14 is a side elevation of the frame of a dobby and of the improved
appliances employed for bringing one or other of the pattern barrels into
operation.
Fig. 15 is a similar view of the modified form of the appliances for bringing one
or other of the pattern barrels into operation.
Fig. 16 is a detail of Figs. 14 and 15 drawn detached in order more clearly to-
shew its construction.
Fig. 17 is an end view of the frame of a loom and of our improved measuring
motion.
Fig. 18 is a detail of Fig. 17.
According to this our said invention and referring to Figs. 1 and 2 of the
drawings In lieu of employing one pattern barrel as heretofore in the lags of which
were a double row of holes and pins we employ two barrels 1, 2, and in each lag 3
is a single row of holes and pegs 4 which can be made much stouter and stronger
as shewn. The barrels 1, 2 are mounted one behind the other and preferably on
one level. Two sets of tumbler levers 5, 6 are employed one set in connection
with each barrel and said tumbler levers are placed side by side one set of tumbler
levers 5 extends to the first barrel 1 and is operated by the pegs 4 therein. The
second set of tumbler levers extends to the second barrel 2 and is operated by the
pegs 4 in it. A hollow or recess 7 is formed in each of the second set of tumbler
levers 6 where each lever 6 passes over the first barrel 1 so that the pegs 4 in the
barrel do not operate on these levers 6.
When each set of tumbler levers 5, 6 are carried on one shaft 8 as shewn by
Fig. 1 the pegs on the barrel 2 farthest from such shaft 8 are slightly longer than
those in the nearest barrel 1 in order to make the lifting and lowering action of the
levers equal. If the tumbler levers 5, 6 are carried on separate shafts 8, 8 equi-
distant from their respective barrels (see Fig. 2) then the pins in each barrel are
of the same length. The action of the tumbler levers is as ordinary. It will be
seen by Fig. 2 that the peg 4 is considerably wider than the width of the tumbler
lever 5 resting thereon as the recess or hollow 7 allows the peg to pass without said
peg operating on the adjoining tumbler lever 6.
The improved method of and means employed for adjusting the pattern barrel 1
on its shaft 2 (see Figs. 3 to 10 inclusive) and allowing of its being turned at will
consists in dispensing with the key formed on the barrel shaft and the key bed in
the ordinary clutch. The peg wheel 9 is loose on the barrel shaft 2 and is cast
with one two or more holes 10 in it and has a grooved boss 10" for a fork or clip
cast to it. On the said shaft 2 is fixed by set screw 11 a plate wheel or disc 12

page_text: The.
on the face of which are one two or more corresponding nugs 13 which engage with
the holes 10 in the peg wheel 9 which is driven by the peg boss 14 as ordinary.
When it is desired to turn or reverse the pattern barrel 1 without operating the-
loom the peg wheel 9 is by the ordinary clutch fork 15 and lever arrangement
slightly slided on its shaft (see Fig. 3) so as to disengage with the peg boss 14 but
not so far as to disengage with the nugs 13 on the plate wheel or disc 12.
barrel 1 can now be turned in either direction and when turned to the desired'
position the peg wheel 9 can readily be moved back so that it engages with the
peg boss 14.
The barrel 1 is adjusted on its shaft by loosing the set screw 11
in the disc or plate wheel 12 whereon the peg wheel disc or plate wheel and
barrel can be turned to the desired position and the set screw 11 again
tightened.
In some cases we prefer to temporarily fix the peg wheel 9 (see Figs. 7, 8 and 9),
on its shaft 2 by means of a clutch 15 the latter being held on the shaft 2 and
prevented from rotating thereon by means of a loose key 16 which is held in position.
on the shaft 2 by being passed into a key bed 17 formed in a bush or collar 18:
(see Fig. 8) which is placed on the shaft 2 and fixed thereon by set screw 23, the
boss 18 and key 16 being free to revolve inside the boss 19 of the supporting
bracket 20. A clutch 15 in which is a stud 21 engaging with one of the holes 22
in the plate wheel 9 is fitted on the ordinary shaft and on the key 16 a bed being.
provided for the latter. The peg wheel 9 is held in position on the shaft 2 by the
pin 21 which is operated and thrown in or out of one of the holes 22 in the ordinary
manner by the clutch fork 15. The barrel 1 can be adjusted by loosening the
set screw 23 which holds the bush 18 and key 16 in position. Instead of moving
the peg wheel 9 in or out of gear with the peg boss 14 the latter may be provided
with a clutch 25 (see Fig. 10) and the peg boss 14 thrown in or out of gear with
the peg wheel 9 so that said boss 14 is in or out of gear with the wheel 9 as.
desired. The clutch fork is controlled and operated by the rod 24 crank 26 short
cross shaft 23" and hand lever 26" by the attendant on the loom.
Referring now to dobbies in which two pattern barrels are employed and to
Fig. 14 of the drawings. In order to bring one or other of the barrels 1, 2 into.
operation and lock it in position we employ apparatus as follows:-
To the outer jack lever 27 we attach an arm 28 the upper end of which is
connected to one end 29 of a three armed lever carried on a fulcrum stud 30 fixed
to the frame of the dobby. To one arm 31 of the lever is attached a connecting
rod or presser block 32 the other and lower end of which is recessed. or hollowed
at 33 and rests on or just above a bowl or runner 34 carried on a bracket 34*
fixed to the sneck lever 35 the lower end of which is connected to the
ordinary rocking lever 36 which carries the two pattern barrels 1, 2. The third
arm 37 of the lever is by rod 38 connected with a sneck lever 39 mounted on the
bracket 34 of the said lever 35, the sneck 39 locks the inner pattern barrel 1 in
its working position by the sncck 39 catching on the fixed stop and guide piece 40:
For bringing the outer pattern barrel 2 into working position we employ a lever 41
one end of which is drawn down by the measuring motion hereinafter described
the other end of said lever 41 raises the end of a second lever 42 which by link 43
lowers a tumbler lever 44 until it rests on the outer barrel 2. When a peg in the
outer barrel 2 operates on the lowered tumbler lever 44 the end of the latter or a
second tumbler lever 45 pulls down by link 46 the end of a lever 47 which by a
pin 48 raises a catch or draw lever 49 so that the latter engages with the stud 50.
on the sneck lever 35 and as the rocking or lever 51 is moved the draw lever 49.
pulls the sneck 52 of the lever 35 off the holding piece and guide 40 and a spiral.
spring 53 raises the inner pattern barrel to the position shewn. It will be seen:
that the measuring motion does not itself change the pattern barrels but only
moves the parts into position for being operated on by the peg in the barrel so-
that the change is certain and accurate.
The inner barrel 1 is in Fig. 14 shewn in the raised or working position to which.

page_text: it has been raised in the manner hereinbefore provided in which position it will
remain until the jack lever 27 is again rocked on its fulcrum whereon the lever
will by rod 38 pull the sneck lever 39 off the holding piece and guide 40 and at
the same time the pressure block 32 will press on the bowl or runner 34 and force
down the sneck lever 35 until the sneck 52 catches under the holding piece and
guide 40 where it will remain and hold the outer barrel 2 in the working position
until the measuring motion operates as hereinbefore described. A spring 54 raises
the tumbler lever 44 clear of the outer pattern barrel when not operated by the
measuring motion.
In order that the ordinary pushing catch 56 shall not operate the ordinary
ratchet wheel on the pattern barrel shaft until a change in the pattern is desired
we connect the outer end of the pushing catch 56 by a chain or wire 57 to one
end of a crank 58 (see Fig. 16) held in a raised position by a nug 59 held in a
recess 60 in a lever 61 the outer end of which is connected by wire or chain 62
to a second measuring motion hereinafter described., When the end of the lever 61
is pulled down by the chain 62 of the second measuring motion the lever turns on
its fulcrum stud 64 and the nug 59 is released from the recess 60 and the crank 58
allows the catch 56 to fall until it rests in gear with the ratchet wheel. The
crank 58 is moved back until the mug 59 is again held by the lever 61 by means
of a chain or wire 67 connected to one end of the rocking lever 36 carrying the
pattern barrels.
An alternate plan of bringing and locking the barrels 1, 2 in
their working position consists (see Fig. 15) of a rocking lever 30" operated by
link 28 from a jack lever 27. On the rocking bar 30 is a link 31 connected by
slot 32 and pin 33 with a bell crank lever 34 one arm of which is by link 35
connected to one end of the rocking lever 36 carrying the pattern barrels 1, 2.
The other arm of the bell crank lever 34 carries a locking pin 68 held in one
position (with the inner barrel) working by means of a speck 39 on a finger 39º
on the first mentioned working lever 30.
The outer barrel is held in the raised or working position by the sneck lever 35
being depressed until the sneck 52 of the lever 35 is below and caught on the
holding and guide piece 40. The lever 36 is depressed by the top of the slot 32
of the link 31 acting on the pin 33 of the bell crank lever 34 so that the arm of
the latter is depressed and by the link 35 forces down the inner end of the
rocking lever 36.
When the inner barrel is again to be brought into working position the
measuring motion operates the tumblers as herein before described and raises two
draw levers 49, 49 on the rocking arm 51 and these engage with the pin 67
on the bell crank lever 34 and with the pin 50 on the, sneck lever 35 so that both
the lever 35 and bell crank 34 are released from their holding snecks and the
bell crank lever 34 being turned on its fulcrum by the draw hook 49 and pin 67"
the bell crank 34 will by the link 35 raise the arm 36 until the inner barrel is in
its working position. In this case the action is positive no springs being required.
The improved measuring motion comprises apparatus as follows (see Figs. 11, 12,
13 17 and 18). On the axis of the emery or taking up roller 70 is a wheel 71
gearing with a like wheel 72 carried on a stud 73 and on the latter is a bevel
wheel 74 gearing with a bevel 75 on an upright shaft 76 the lower end of which
carries a bevel wheel 77 gearing with a bevel wheel 78 on a cross stud on which is
a wheel 79 gearing with a like wheel 80 on a shaft 81 which carries a cam plate
or disc 82 with adjustable projecting pins 83 on its face.
In front of and near to the cam plate or disc 82 are one or more upright
arms 83" of bell crank levers 84. The top of each upright arm 83 carries a curved
finger 85. When a pin 83 on the cam plate 82 comes in contact with a finger 85
the bell crank lever is moved on its fulcrum 86 until the operating pin 83 passes
under such finger and thereby a sharp movement is given to the bell cranked lever
which by chains or wires 57 62 are connected to the parts of the dobby to be
.operated thereby as herein before; described. A spring 87 moves the bell crank

page_text: lever to its normal position. One two or more rows of pins 83 can be fixed in the
cam plates and one or more bell crank levers and apparatus connected therewith
may be employed.
When the measuring motion is employed to indicate a change in the pattern
and where as it is sometimes necessary a quick change should be made we employ
a lever such as is shewn by Figs. 12 and 13 where the curved finger 85 is mounted
and free to slide up and down in the frame 90 and on the vertical part of the
finger 85 is the spiral spring 91 which rests against the frame 90 and against the
pin 92 passing through the vertical part of the finger. The lower end of the finger
rests upon one arm of the bell crank lever 94 under which arm is the fixed stop
pin 95. The other arm of the bell crank lever is connected by chain 58" to a
rocking lever operated by the jack lever so that as soon a a pin 83 has come in
contact with the curved finger 85 and slightly moved same sufficiently to indicate
a change of the pattern then the chain 58 is by the rocking lever and jack pulled
and the bell crank lever 94 turning on its fulcrum the arm raises the curved
finger 85 above and clear of the last operating pin whereon the bell crank lever 94
is released and the curved finger drops so that it is in position to be operated upon
by another pin even though the pin is directly behind the last one to operate as
the motion given to the curved finger by the bell crank lever is sudden.
very
Levers such as are shewn by Fig. 11 are ordinarily employed, the levers
shewn by Figs. 12 and 13 only being employed when a quick, or sudden action is
necessary.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is,
1. The use and employment of two sets of tumbler levers each set operated by
an independant pattern barrel as and for the purpose herein described and
substantially as illustrated by Figs. 1 2 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
2. The peg wheel 13 loose on the barrel shaft 2 and having the holes 10 in it
the disc or plate wheel 12 fixed on the shaft 2 by set screw 11 and having the
nugs 13 formed on its face all in combination as and for the purpose herein set
forth and as illustrated by Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6 of the annexed drawings.
3. The peg wheel 9 loose on the shaft 2 and made fast thereon by the pin 21
sliding into the hole 22, the loose key 16 carried by the bush or collar 18 and
the boss 19 the bush or collar 18 being fixed on the shaft 2 by set screw 23 the
whole in combination and as and for the purpose herein described and as illustrated
by Figs. 7, 8, and 9 of the accompanying drawings.
4. The peg wheel 9, peg boss 14 and clutch 25, the fork 15 rod 24 crank 26
short cross shaft 23" and hand lever 26 all in combination and as and for the
purpose herein described and as illustrated by Fig. 10 of the accompanying
drawings.
5. The general construction arrangement and combination of parts constituting
the improved appliances for operating and moving into working position one or
other of the pattern barrels 1, 2, as and for the purpose herein described and as
illustrated by Fig. 14 of the annexed drawings.
6. The lever 61 with recess 60 and crank 58 and nug 59 the whole in combination
operated and operating in the manner herein described and as illustrated by
Figs. 14 and 16 of the accompanying drawings.
7. The general construction arrangement and combination of parts constituting
the improved appliances for operating and moving into working position one or
other of the pattern barrels 1, 2, as and for the purpose herein described and as
illustrated by Figs. 14 and 15 of the accompanying drawings.
8. The cam plate 82 with adjustable pins 83 one or more bell crank levers 84
with curved fingers 85 all in combination operating as and for the purpose herein
described and as illustrated by Figs. 11 12, 13, 17 and 18 of the accompanying
drawings.

page_text: 9. The improved bell crank lever consisting of the curved finger 85 the vertical
portion being carried in the frame 90 the spiral spring 91, bell crank lever 94,
stop piece 95 and connection such as 58" for operating same together with the cam
plate 82 having adjustable pins 83 all in combination and as and for the purpose
herein described and as illustrated by Figs. 12 and 13 of the accompanying
drawings.
Dated this 24th day of May 1893.
5
WALTER BRIERLEY,
Penny Bank Chambers, Halifax, Agent for the Applicants.