IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING SMALLWARES, AND IN OTHER LOOMS."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Glover, of Prestwich, in the County of Lancaster,
for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING SMALLWARES,
AND IN OTHER LOOMS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Glover at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th June 1880.
WILLIAM GLOVER, of Prestwich, in the County of Lancaster.
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING SMALLWARES, AND IN OTHER LOOMS."
"IMPROVEMENTS
In performing the first part of my Invention I dispense with the crank, and
make use of a swivel bar fastened to the reed frame with a roller at each end
working in a slot of an elbow form, causing the reed to move backwards and
forwards when each treadle is moved. A double elbow is used for weaving wire'
causing the reed to beat up twice. Attached to the swivel bar is an arm which
works the pickers alternately.
The shuttles are carried by a bar connected at each end to one of the picking
sticks, and are worked by swivel bars, each with two rods attached, which rods fit
into holes in the shuttles; but instead of grooves or racks I raise and lower each
end of the bars alternately by a stud or studs fixed on the reed frame, against
which one or more of the bars is pressed, and two arms or wings secure one of each
pair of rods in the holes of the shuttles until a change is required. When the'
shuttle is long I place a button on the rods to support the shuttles when passing
the gap between the boxes. Connecting rods are attached to the driving bar or
bars to move the remaining bars and actuate the shuttles.
The taking up is effected by a single cogged or ratchet wheel which is pressed by
a spring and finger on a lever; the finger remains between two cogs or teeth,
driving forward the wheel gradually when the reed beats up, and retiring when the
ehed is open, thus easing the warp. Progress is secured by retaining catches, and
the finger then passes to another tooth.
This wheel and finger will take up any kind of weft without change of wheel.
When the weft breaks the taking up ceases, as the finger on the lever will not-
cause the taking up roller to rotate unless the reed is beating up the weft.

page_text: A projecting arm on the loom frame prevents the reed from beating up until the
shuttle has reached either side of the warp by coming in contact with the picking
stick. I place a small roller on the picking stick in front of the arm, to assist the
lateral motion when the shuttle is caught in the shed.
An arm on the picking rod effects a stop motion by pressing a lever when the
picker presses against it. I place a pulley on a stud on the loom. frame, driven by a
catch lever on the reed frame, which pulley drives by means of a strap various
bobbins for winding the warp; the yarn is guided by a string to which a weight is
attached, and a pendulum motion is given. The cloth may be wound on the first
roller without enlarging the pick, or on the second roller, or may be nipped by a
spring lever between the first roller (which is prickly) and the second, and then fall
into a bag or canister.
A third small roller prevents the cloth from remaining on the carded roller.
A movable lever on the treadles allows the depth of shed to be regulated at
pleasure; this lever can be moved radially to bring the connecting band nearer to
or further from the fulcrum of the jack. I use a weighted lever or spring to pull
the reed back. The treadles pressed down alternately by tappets or by the feet
effect all the movements for weaving; no toothed racks, cranks, wheels, or shafts
being used for the picking, shedding, and beating, all of which parts are adjustable.
On the cloth roller I place collars covered with card, secured to the cloth roller
by a lever or button on the collar, and a nick in the roller; over one side of the
card collar is placed a collar with saw teeth on it, with a recess in its innor edge
fitting one end of the lever or button.
Where there is no room for the ordinary weft fork I attach needles to a lever
beneath the cloth. The needles will enter the warp when the weft is missing, and
prevent the carded collar from revolving. The lever falls, and a pendant arm on
the lever is driven against the nearest tooth on the outer collar; thus the lever or
button is released which held the carded collar on the cloth roller, and the taking
up is arrested when the weft fails. This may be applied to the common weft fork
in wider fabrics.
The warp may come directly from the rack of bobbins or a warp beam, or be
tightened by a weighted lever.
The bobbins in the rack are nipped by a snake like weighted cord passing over
the warp on the bobbins, which reduces the friction as the yarn diminishes.
I make use of a weighted lever and cord pressing on the warp to draw it back
when any imperfection occurs.
For tape, wire-cloth, and other fabrics, I use a broad flat bobbin with a vertical
axis, and the tension is secured by an elastic band pressing on the weft. The
shuttle may be long or short, and contain one or more bobbins as convenient. The
second part of my Invention is applicable to those looms for improvements in 4
which I obtained Letters Patent dated December 15, 1873, No. 4115.
I use two vertical shuttle pickers instead of one, and I form two sheds by
drawing the the warps from two beams. I employ a selvage swivel picker on which
is placed a screw eye running on a curved rod, instead of a pin moving in a groove;
on this picker are two pegs for carrying the shuttle, one of which carries it before 4
entering the loop, and the other after it has passed. The pegs enter the shuttle at
the side instead of at the top or bottom. An arm connects the lever with the
picker. A wiro on the picker prevents it from jumping.
I use circular turntables instead of square ones; also a fixed box inside the drum
which revolves. A long slot in the drum allows the shuttle to pass below when 5
the drum is moving. The shuttle holders are attached to straps which have holes
fitting on pins placed on the turntable. A bracket supports the shuttle holder. To
the hooked shuttle loom I add circular turntables and cases to receive the shuttles.
I employ two shuttles at a time instead of one, and I use the selvage shuttle,
picker, and lever, as before described. A lever carries an eye which removes the 5
the weft from the shuttle's path until it has nearly passed. The hook of the
hooked shuttle yields when the warp threads are tangled, but it is held by a spring

page_text: sufficiently strong to hold the weft. I remove the loop from the hook by a lever.
I raise the weft from the cloth (say, two feet), so that it may be caught by the
hook while the shuttle is moving slowly.
To ensure more regular delivery of warp from the yarn beam, I coil each section
(say, 25 threads) once round a second beam, to which is attached clock-work
worked by a shaft on the reed frame. A small tension weight is suspended on the
warp beam. In weaving wire I coil each single wire once round the beain, and
the warp may be drawn from the beam, or the bundles of wire of various diameters
may be suspended on four horizontal rods. The bundles would form circles one
over the other. A split ring may be placed on each bundle.
The third part of my Invention consists in improvements upon the Invention for
which Letters Patent were granted to me August 31, 1869, No. 2576.
In rotary looms I employ 3 or any number of shuttles to each warp moving on
swivel bars, so that I make 24 or more picks during each revolution, instead of
8 picks as formerly, while the loom revolves at a much slower rate. I attach
picking rods pressed against studs on the fixed tappet in the centre of the loom,
thus still further increasing the number of picks per minute.
I also employ a lever which ascends or descends the steps on the tappet, and
raises or lowers the swivel bars, keeping them parallel, and allowing the shuttles to
fall in succession through the shed.
I place a hinged shelf under the shed, and when the shuttle is left in the shed it
presses against the shelf and places a latch out of gear, so that the reed is not
beaten up.
I employ a spring which pulls the reed forward, but yields when the shuttle is
in the shed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Glover in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th
December 1880.
WILLIAM GLOVER, of Prestwich, in the County of Lancaster.
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING SMALLWARES, AND IN OTHER LOOMS."
"IMPROVEMENTS
The first part of my Invention is applicable to looms for weaving smallwares.
The second part of my Invention is applicable to vertical beam looms, for
improvements in which I obtained Letters Patent, dated December 15th, 1873,
Number 4115.
The third part of my Invention is applicable to rotary looms, for improvements
in which I obtained Letters Patent, dated August 31st, 1869, Number 2576.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into effect, I will describe the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings, reference
being had to the figures and letters marked thereon.
On Sheet 1, Fig. 1 is a front elevation, and Fig. 2 is a side elevation of a small ware
loom to which my Invention is applied. a is a T shaped lever or swivel bar
(connected to the reed frame at a¹), on which are two rollers a² working in the
elbow slots b, causing the reed to move backwards and forwards; a³ and a* are
treadles which communicate motion to the lever a. To one arm of the lever a are
connected by cords c³ the picking sticks c and c' which carry the cross bars c²
on which are the small swivel bars e; on each swivel bar are two rods e¹ which fit
into holes in the shuttles f; g¹ is the reed frame across which the bar c² slides; g is
a stud on g¹ which raises and depresses either end of the bars e alternately as the
wings e² pass to and fro over it; c is a connecting rod which causes all the bars c
to oscillate simultaneously when the picking sticks are actuated by the lever a;
the projecting arın c³ on the loom frame prevents the reed from beating up until
the shuttle has reached either side of the warp by coming in contact with the
roller on the picking stick c¹; the arm may be attached to a stop motion;
his the taking up roller on which is the wheel driven by the finger i on the
oscillating lever ; the spring tends to draw the finger i forward, but the
spring connected to and to the reed frame, only allows the finger i to drive the
wheel when the reed is beating up; + are retaining catches; the cloth may be
wound on the roller ¹ or on the roller h³, or it may fall into a bag or can, in which case
the roller ³ acts as a doffer; j is a pulley on a stud on the loom frame driven by a
catch lever on the reed frame, and it communicates motion to the bobbins / for
winding the warp which is guided from the spools & by a weighted string ³, to which
a pendulum motion is given. On each treadle is a lever connected to the jacks U.
Each lever may be moved radially to bring the connecting band nearer to or
further from the fulcrum of the jack, to increase or diminish the depth of shed; m
is a weighted lever to pull the reed back; n is a weighted lever which tightens
the warp and draws it back when necessary; n' is a snake like weighted cord
passing over the warp on the bobbins which reduces the friction as the yarn
diminishes; is a driving shaft; and ¹, x¹, are tappets which may be used for
actuating the treadles.
Fig. 3 shews an improved taking up roller and stop motion for the same; on the
roller I place a collar o' covered with card fillet; this collar is secured to the
cloth roller by a button o fastened on the collar, taking into a nick in h¹; over one
side of o¹ is placed another collar o² in which are saw teeth, and in the inner edge
of o is a recess fitting over the button o; p is a stop lever on a stud p'; on the
loom frame at one end of p are needles beneath the cloth which enter the warp
when the weft is missing; the end p² then descends and is driven by the lever q

page_text: on the reed frame against a tooth on the collar o³, thus causing it to move the
button o and release the collar o' and stop the taking up.
Fig. 4 shews a broad flat shuttle bobbin which I prefer to use for weaving tape,
wire-cloth, and other fabrics; the tension is secured by an elastic band r pressing
on the weft.
Fig. 5 shews a slot with a double elbow for the rollers a to work in to give a
double beat up when weaving wire.
On Sheet 2, Figs. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, illustrate the second part of my
Invention.
Fig. 6 is a plan of part of a vertical loom, and
Fig. 7 is an elevation of part of a vertical loom to which my Invention is applied
on Fig. 6. a and b are the two beams, to each of which is attached a tension
weight c; d is the lay; e, e, are the two shuttles; and f is the taking up beam.
I coil each beer from the beam b once round the beam b' which I drive from the
reed frame by the catch lever bs, wheel 63, worm b', and worm wheel 66. On
Fig. 7, g is the tappet; y is the connecting rod; h is a weighted lever for
actuating the two pickers i, i, which carry the weft from spools j across the shed;
is the swivel selvage picker connected by a wire to the picking stick k¹; on the
pickerk is a screw eye which runs on the rod l, and fixed to the picker are two
pegs which take into holes in the shuttle m and carry it through the loop of the
weft. The curved rod causes the pegs on the picker to skip the weft, one peg
enters the side of the shuttle and carries it before entering the loop, and the other
peg carries it after it has passed the loop.
Fig. 8 shews a plan of the selvage picker.
Fig. 9 is an elevation of part of a vertical loom to which my Invention is applied.
a is the circular turntable which carries the strap b on which are fastened the
shuttle holders c; there are four long slots & in the turntable a, which allow the
shuttles to drop through when they arrive in a vertical position; e is a fixed box
inside the turntable, in which is a slot through which the shuttle falls; g, g, are
two springs which hold the hair when the shuttle falls through the shed.
On Fig. 11, a is the turntable carrying the strap 6 and the double shuttle
holders c; i, i, are the hooked shuttles; j is the weft which is raised above the
cloth and passes through an eye on the lever k; on this lever is a projection k¹
against which the shuttles strike in falling, thus removing the weft from the path
of the shuttles and allowing it to be caught by the hooks on the shuttles. In
Fig. 11 the weft and shed are shewn in plan; to make it more clear, I remove the
loop from the hook in the shuttle by a lever o, shewn in Fig. 8, actuated by the
picking stick kl.
Figs. 12 and 13 shew my improved frames for carrying wire for weaving. a is
the standard; b, the cross piece; and c, the horizontal rods by which the wire is
supported. One of the standards is mounted on wheels so that it may be moved
to put the wire on the rods.
Fig. 14 shews part of a rotary loom to which my improvements are applied.
a, a, are two swivel bars which carry the shuttle boxes c; b is a picking rod, one
end of which comes in contact with the pins i on the fixed tappet d; b strikes the
shuttles in one direction; c, c, is a double picking rod actuated by the pins j, which
returns the shuttles; is a lever which ascends or descends the steps on the
tappet d, and raises or lowers the swivel bars, keeping them parellel, and allowing
the shuttles to fall in succession through the shed. The pins jaro shorter than
the pins i.
Fig. 15 also shews part of a rotary loom; m is a binged shelf placed under
the shed; when the shuttle e' is left on the shed it is forced against the shelf m
which releases the latch n from the driving arm o, and thus prevents the shuttle
from injuring the warp; p is a spring which pulls the reed forward, but yields
when the shuttle is in the shed; is an upright shaft on which is a lower armr
working in a slots on the central tappet t; the dotted lines r¹ and s' show a
plan of r and 8.

page_text: Having stated the nature of my Invention and described the manner of
performing the same, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself to the
exact details given, but what
I claim is,―
1. Communicating motion to the reed frame and shuttles, substantially as shewn 5
and described in reference to Figs. 1 and 2, also the taking up motion, shewn and
described in reference to Figs. 1 and 2, and the weighted cord n¹.
2. The stop motion, shewn and described in reference to Fig. 3.
3. The bobbin, shewn at Fig. 4.
4. The double elbow, shewn at Fig. 5.
5. Coiling the beers round the second beam b¹ driven from the reed, as shewn
and described in reference to Fig. 6.
6. Using two vertical pickers i, as shewn and described in reference to Fig. 7.
7. Actuating the selvage shuttle m, as shewn and described in reference to
Figs. 7 and 8.
8. The circular turntables and the use of two hooked shuttles and the raising of
the weft above the cloth, as shewn and described in reference to Figs. 9, 10, and 11.
9. The apparatus for supporting wire to be woven, as shewn and described in
reference to Figs. 12 and 13.
10. The arrangement of swivel bars, picking rods, pins, and tappets, as shewn 2
and described in reference to Fig. 14.
11. The hinged shelf m, as shewn and described in reference to Fig. 15.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Glover, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty eighth day of December, One thousand eight hundred
and eighty.
2
WILLIAM GLOVER. (L.S.)