Ammoniacal and other Liquids.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 16th May, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 16th Feb., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 21th Apr., 1889
Ammoniacal and other Liquids.
Wo, PAUL ALFRED MALLET and TIBURCE ALBERT PAGNIEZ Civil Engineers and
both of 52 Boulevard de la Villette Paris do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion to be as follows:-
The object of our invention is the production of an apparatus by means of which
a constant supply of solid reagents is obtained in distilling vessels columns or towers
containing pressure.
The apparatus described in our patent No. 3452, 13th February 1884 was intended,
amongst other uses for the reaction of gases or vapours upon liquids containing or to
which were added solid reagents.
The addition of these solid reagents must be continuous as are the current of gases
and the flow of liquid.
This result is obtained, in the apparatus object of our present invention, in the
following manner.
The solid reagent which is to operate in the distilling vessel is, from time to time
thrown into a hopper at the bottom of which revolves, at a convenient speed, an
Archimedean or endless feeding screw. This screw propels the material from the
hopper into the distilling vessel.
In order to prevent the clogging of the material inside the hopper and therefore
avoid any irregularity in the supply, the said hopper is fitted with a stirring mechanism
which, by revolving at a convenient speed constantly divides the material and keeps
it in a state of agitation suitable to the proper, regular and constant feeding
required.
When distilling gas ammoniacal liquors, the liquids contained in the top trays are,
at the beginning of the process, and by mere ebullition an 1 stirring, separated from
their volatile ammoniacal salts.

page_text: When arriving opposite the feeding screw, the spent liquor which still contained
all its fixed ammoniacal salts mixes with the continuous delivery of anhydrous lime
and the latter which may be in lumps or in powder becomes slacked inside the
distilling vessel itself.
It is held in suspension by the agitation which is maintained in every part of the
distilling vessel and which considerably increases the decomposition of the fixed salts
of ammonia.
The advantages of this mode of proceeding are obvious:
The heat arising out of the hydratation of the lime is utilized; the lime is not any
more introduced into the distilling vessel in the state of lime-milk therefore all the
inconvenients resulting from the use of a mixing apparatus and of pumps which
together with their pipes became constantly choked and required frequent cleansings
and stoppages are done away with.
The introduction of quantities of, water which had to be heated to waste and the
volume of which seriously impaired the productive capacity of the apparatus is done
away with.

page_text: Ammoniacal and other Liquids.
WE PAUL ALFRED MALLET and TIBURCE ALBERT PAGNIEZ, Civil Engineers and
both of No. 52 Boulevard de la Villette, Paris, in the Republic of France do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to an apparatus by means of which a constant supply of
solid reagents is obtained in distilling vessels, columns or towers containing
pressure.
The apparatus described in our patent No. 3452 dated the 16th February 1884 are
intended, amongst other uses, for the reaction of gases or vapours upon liquids
containing, or to which are added, solid reagents.
The addition of these solid materials must generally be effected in a continuous
manner like the stream of gases and the flow of liquids.
This continuous feeding is obtained in the following manner:
A is a hopper, either open or closed, and into which the solid materials intended
for the reaction in the distilling column are from time to time thrown.
B is an Archimedan or endless feeding scrow which revolves at a convenient speed
and conveys the solid materials from the hopper A at the bottom of which it is situate
to the column C.
In order to prevent the materials from clogging inside the hopper A, the latter is
provided with a revolving stirring mechanism D which constantly agitate and divide
the material so as to avoid any irregularity in the supply and provide a continuous
and regular feeding of the said materials to the column C.
We will take, as an example, the distillation of gas ammoniacal liquor.
The liquor contained in the top trays of the column C is separated from its volatile
ammoniacal salts by mere ebullition and stirring.
The spent liquor, falling by gravity, and which still contains its fixed ammoniacal
salts, mixes, when arriving opposite the endless feeding screw B, with the continuous
supply of anhydrous lime and the latter which may be in the shape of lumps or of
powder, becomes slacken inside the distilling vessel itself.
The lime is held in a state of suspension by the constant stirring action which
occur throughout every part of the column C in which there are no dead space.
The result is to greatly facilitate the decomposition of the fixed ammoniacal
salts.
The advantages of this mode of proceeding are obvious: the heat evolved from the
hydratation of the line is utilized; by feeding with solid lime instead of lime-milk
as heretofore, the inconvenients of using mixing machines, pumps and their accom-
panying piping which so often get choked and require cleaning entailing stoppages

page_text: are avoided; the working capacity of the apparatus is increased since no foreign
water is introduced in the process and heated to waste as was heretofore the
case.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is:
The application of an Archimedan or endless screw in connection with the con-
tinuous and regular feeding of solid reagents into distilling columns or vessels
in which there exists a pressure, substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated.