IMPROVEMENTS IN NAIL MACHINES
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN NAIL MACHINES."-A communication from abroad
by John Lawrence, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the United
States of America..
Sealed the 26th March 1872, and dated the 2nd February 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 2nd February 1872.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN NAIL MACHINES," a communication from
abroad by John Lawrence, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the United
States of America, to be as follows:―

page_text: conveying it to a suitable position to be operated upon by the taug
dies, and finally ejecting the finished nail.
According to this Invention it is proposed to pivot the feed box of a
nail-making machine to a bar or plate, to which a reciprocating sliding
movement is imparted by two levers combined or not with adjustable
connecting links on opposite sides of the box operated by cams or by a
single lever operated by a cam in conjunction with a spring. Projections
or adjustable set screws are fitted to each side of the bracket, which
supports the feed box in order that when the box is vibrated laterally it
may by being brought up against the properly adjusted screws assume
the proper angle for ensuring each blank being cut to the requisite
taper in opposite directions alternately. A series of rollers are fitted
into the bottom of the feed box to allow of the lowest one of the pile of
plates from which the blanks are cut being readily pushed forward so as
to be laid hold of by a pair of feeding rollers by means of a spring
sliding bar or supplementary feed at the back of the box, the said
bar being operated at intervals by an arm or cam on a rocking shaft
actuated from any convenient moving part of the machine. The feed
rollers above referred to are situate in the front portion of the feed box,
and are pressed together by springs or equivalent devices arranged upon
the feed box in order to grip the plates. In the cutter head which
carries the moveable cutter there is a spring nipper which has a sliding
movement in the cutter head, and is acted on by springs and operated
by a lever worked by a cam on the main shaft. The object of the spring
nipper, which works in conjunction with the moveable cutter and with
a stationary curved spring situate in front of the rotatory gripper and
below the fixed cutter, is to carry or conduct the blanks between the
grippers, which hold it until the heading dies have operated. Imme-
diately the nail is headed the stationary curved spring ejects it from
its notch in the rotatory gripper. Sometimes a forked guage may be
employed in conjunction with the spring nipper and gripping dies, the
said guage being secured to the cutter head for holding the nail blank
after it is secured from the plate. The desired vibrating and lateral
motion of the nail plate or feed box may be obtained by means of a
pair of links in connection with the slotted arm of a vibrating bell-crank
lever, the links being adjustable on the nail box or on the lever arm, or
both, in order to vary the angle of the box, which is connected by a
radial link to the fixed bracket or support, and turns on a pivot whilst

page_text: being moved to and fro laterally. In some cases the nail box may be
pivotted to a transverse slide, and be still actuated by the bell-crank
lever and links above referred to. The links should be connected to
the box and lever by bolts or pins in such a manner as to permit them
to be instantly detached from the box when requisite. A plate or block
is rigidly secured to the fixed frame in the front of the feed box and as
close as possible to the cutter, the object of which plate or block is to
retain and prevent the possibility of the throwing up of the last portion
or remnant of the nail plate by reason of the pressure thereon of the
cutter. With this plate or block there are combined an underneath
spring and two side springs forming the bottom and sides of the nose of
the feed box. In order to ensure the feeding rolls taking a firm hold
upon the plates to be fed in, it is proposed to cut them spirally in
opposite directions. These or other geared feed rolls are to be worked
intermittently by means of a pall or palls and ratchet wheel actuated
from the cutter head or cam shaft of the machine through the inter-
vention of a connecting lever and reciprocating rod, which latter is
acted upon by adjustable contact pieces or set screws fixed respectively
in the end of the rod and in the cutter head. When two palls operate
on the same ratchet wheel they act alternately, being jointed to opposite
ends of a rocking lever. The said feed pall or palls is or are lifted out
of action at any time by the aid of a cam lever. One of the pair of feed
rolls carries a tappet wheel, which operates upon a sliding rod also
acted upon by a spring, the said rod having attached to its opposite end
the supplementary feeding bar for pushing forward the plates as they
are required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 31st July 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her

page_text: 5 10, 11, 10 are views of parts of the machine.
Figures 19 and 20 are diagrams illustrating the feed box motion;
and-
Figure 21 is a view drawn to a reduced scale, and illustrating another
modification of the Invention.
In suitable bearings on the opposite side frames A and A' of the
machine turns the driving or cam shaft B and a shaft C, the latter
deriving its motion from the driving shaft through the medium of cog
wheels a, a, and having at its opposite ends two bevel wheels b, b, which
gear into other bevel wheels b', 6', at the upper ends of two inclined
shafts D, D. These latter shafts have their bearings at the opposite
sides of the stationary frame, and are provided at or near their lower
ends with cams c for alternately operating the heading dies E and E¹
in a manner which will be readily understood by those familiar with
machines of this class (Figures 2 and 9). The shaft B has at one end a
driving pulley d, and at its opposite end a crank d', the latter by means
of a connecting rod d operating a lever F, which is hung to the opposite
side frames of the machine, and which carries and imparts the desired
movements to the cutter e, the latter descending close to the edge of the
fixed cutter e¹ in order to sever the nail blanks from the plates, as will be
hereafter described. On the driving shaft between the side frames are
two cams d³ and d', the former of which operates a lever G hung to the
lower part of the frame and carrying the forked gripping die f, while the
latter operates a light lever H, hung to the upper portion of the side

page_text: frame A, and intended to act on the upper end of the spring nipper I,
which is also acted on by springs 9 and g¹, and is adapted to and
arranged to slide in an opening formed for its reception in the enlarge-
ment or head F¹ of the lever F (Figures 1 and 2). The gripping die f
is forked or is recessed at the centre. for the reception of the lower bent
end of the spring nipper I and the revolving gripping die J, which has
its bearings in a fixed part of the machine at a point directly opposite to
the gripper f, is also recessed or divided in the centre, as will be best
observed in Figures 3 and 9, for the reception of the lower portion of a
curved spring h, which is secured at its upper end to the fixed frame.
This curved spring, as will be hereafter described, acts in conjunction
with the spring nipper and cutter e to conduct the blanks between the
grippers, and afterwards ejects the finished nail from the revolving
gripper. Upon the end of the gripper f there is a single transverse
notch or groove x, and upon the periphery of the revolving gripper at
equal distances apart there are a number of similar transverse grooves
or notches (see Figures 3 and 4). The revolving gripper is turned in
such a manner as to bring its notches successively opposite that of the
gripper by a spring paul i attached to the lever F, and engaging with
the teeth of a ratchet wheel hung to the spindle of the said revolving
gripper, and indicated by dotted lines in Figures 3 and 4. Any reverse
movement of the revolving gripper is prevented by a pawl ² hung to the
fixed frame and engaging with the teeth of the ratchet wheel 1 (see
Figure 4).
For the purpose of firmly locking the revolving gripper and prevent-
ing any movement of the same while the nail blank is being held and
acted on by the headers, the device shewn in Figures 5 and 6 is
employed. This consists of a pawl or lever j hung to the fixed frame
and connected by a rod ¹ to the lever G, so that on the forward move-
ment of the latter and its die f the pointed end of the said lever j will
be caused to enter one of the similarly shaped notches of a wheel
hung to one end of the spindle of the revolving gripper, all movement
of the latter being thus prevented.
The arrangement and operation of the feed box K and parts con-
nected therewith form important features of the Invention, and are as
follows: To the block or cross piece k of the fixed frame is secured a
bracket, which supports the feed box, and is inclined at the same
angle at which it is desired to arrange the latter. Upon the bracket k¹

page_text: are formed ways or guides for the reception of a transverse sliding
plate 1, which is enlarged at the centre so as to form a circular disc l,
upon which rests and to which is pivoted a disc m secured to the. under .
side of the feed box (see Figures 1 and 2). It will thus be seen that
the feed box can both be turned upon its pivot and moved laterally
with the sliding plate, it being regulated in these movements by set
screws n, n, and n¹, n¹, which pass through lugs n³ formed on the
bracket ¹ and cross piece k of the fixed frame (see Figure 8).
The above movements are imparted to the feed box by means of
curved or bell-crank levers L, L (Figure 2), hung to the fixed frame,
operated by cams p on the inclined shafts D, D', and connected to the
opposite ends of the transverse sliding bar 1 by links p¹. These levers
are operated alternately so as to draw the sliding bar first in one
direction and then in the other. One of the levers might, however, in
some cases be dispensed with, and a spring 9 (Figure 1) be substituted
for the same for the purpose of causing the bar to slide in one direction
while the remaining lever moves it in the opposite direction. .
The movements of the feed box will be readily understood on referring
to the diagram Figure 8, where it will be seen that the lateral movement
is imparted to the feed box by the sliding bar, and that, when thus
moved laterally the said box is caused to turn upon its pivot by striking
the set screws n and n', which adjust it to the angle at which it is
desired to present the plates to the cutters in order to cut the blanks of
a tapering shape, and thus provide sufficient metal at one end of each
of the blanks for the formation of the head of a nail. The dotted
centre lines in the diagram Fig. 8 indicate that the angle only of the
nail plate is changed at the point where it is presented to the cutters,
but by drawing back or separating the set screws as shewn in Figure 8,
the plate would also be caused to move laterally at a point close to the
cutters so as to present more of the enlarged end of each blank to the
action of the headers. The extent of the lateral movement imparted to
the sliding bar and feed box is also regulated by adjusting the links p¹
in the curved slots p² of the operating levers L (see Figure 2). Within
and close to the bottom of, the feed box there are three or other suitable
number of antifriction rollers r, and the said box is also provided with
two feed rollers & and s³, geared together as shewn in Figure 7, and
operated in such a manner as to feed the plates uniformly and at proper
intervals by a pawl and ratchet movement 83 driven by a connecting
8

page_text: rod which is attached to one side of the cutting lever F. The feed
box is also provided at one end with a sliding bar T drawn forward by a
spring and retracted by a cam thung to a rock spindle t, which receives
its motion through the medium of a connecting rod t from the lever F.
In order that the operation of the machine may be fully understood,
let it be supposed in the first instance that the machine has been set in
motion, and that a pile of plates has been placed in the feed box, the
undermost plate resting upon the antifriction rollers r with its front end
adjacent to or between the feed rollers s and s¹, and the front ends of the
uppermost plates of the pile resting against the inclined front u of the
box. The hooked projection of the spring sliding bar or supplementary
feed T will first act upon and push the undermost plate of the pile
between the geared feeding rollers & and 8, and the latter will feed the
plate forward until its front end is presented to the action of the move-
able and fixed cutters e and e¹, by which the plate will be cut into
blanks of a proper tapering shape, owing to the rocking movement of
the feed box. As soon as the rear end of the first plate reaches the feed-
ing rollers a second plate will drop into its place, and will be pushed
forward to the feed rollers in the same manner as the first, the feed
being continuous and uninterrupted as long as the box is supplied with
plates.
•
The feed rollers may be serrated or roughened if desired, or a slight
degree of pressure may be exerted upon the uppermost roller by means
of springs, weighted levers, or other devices, as shewn at w, in Figure 2,
in order to prevent the said rollers from slipping upon without feeding.
the plates. Each blank as it is severed from the plate is carried down-
wards by the cutter e and spring nipper I from the position shewn in
Figure 3 to that indicated in Figure 4, the blank then entering one of
the notches of the revolving gripping die, when the latter will also be
caused to turn in the direction of its arrow, Figure 4, until the blank held
between the spring nipper and curved spring h and forced downwards by
the cutter e, has been brought to the position shewn in Figure 5, when
the revolving gripper will be locked by the pawl or lever j, and the
cutter will be raised to its original position. The spring nipper I,
however, although attached to the ascending cutter head, will remain
depressed, owing to the action upon its upper end of the lever H until
the gripping die f has been moved forward, as shown in Figure 6, so as
to impart the required degree of pressure to the blank during the action

page_text: of the heading die. As soon as the blank is thus held the spring nipper
is released by the lever H and ascends to its original position, and on the
rearward movement of the gripper f the finished nail is ejected by the
spring from the notches of the revolving gripper, and the latter is
unlocked in order that it may be again turned and receive another
blank.
In the machine as above described the severed blank is carried
straight downwards without being turned over, and its cut edges
are therefore presented to the gripping dies so that the product is what
is commonly known as an "edge grip" nail. It will be evident, how-
ever, that the parts could be easily arranged to turn the blank quarter
way round so as to present its flat sides to the grippers, and thus pro-
duce a "flat grip" nail.
Although it is preferred to arrange the several parts, both of the
machine proper and of the feed box, in the manner described, the feed
box to which the above described peculiar movement is imparted could
be used in connection with other nail machines; with those, for instance,
in which the cutters and grippers have a direct sliding or reciprocating
instead of a curvilinear movement, and it will also be evident that
the machine illustrated in the Drawing with its spring nipper and
spring could be combined with a feeding device differing from that
described.
In the modification of the Invention shewn in Figures 10 to 20
inclusive, A represents a portion of the fixed frame of the nail machine,
and B the cutting lever turning upon the fulcrum a and carrying the
moveable cutter D and guage E for holding the nail blank after it is
severed from the plate. F is the fixed cutter, contained within a recess
of the frame and resting upon the fixed gripping die G, which in the
present instance is used instead of the rotating gripper before described.
The moveable die G₁ is secured to a lever H, which has its fulcrum
at b.
The spring nipper I (Figure 10), which takes the nail blank from the
guage E and holds it against the fixed gripping die until the die G has
moved forward, is secured at one end to the fixed frame, projects upwards
into a recess c of the moveable gripping die, and is, together with the
cutter head and gripping lever, operated by cams on the cam shaft.

page_text: The guide E is forked in the manner plainly shewn in Figure 18, so
that it may guide and hold the tapering nail blanks first at one side and
then at the other until they are introduced into the groove of the fixed
gripping die G, and so as also to enable the spring nipper I to be moved
forward to a position between the forked ends of the said guide in order
to take the blank from and enable the latter to be raised.
The feed box J, to which the present modification especially relates,
is supported in an inclined position partly by the fixed cutter F and
partly by a bracket K, secured to the fixed frame, and the said box
has a peculiar combined lateral and longitudinal vibratory movement
imparted to it in a manner and by devices which will be fully described
hereafter.
The feed box is open at the top and back, and is made of sufficient
capacity to receive a pile of nail plates X, the lowermost of which rests
upon a series of small rollers d extending across and turning freely
within the box, while the front ends of the said plates bear against and
are retained in position by the inclined front e of the said box. The
lowermost plate of the pile is carried forward to the cutters by geared
feed rollers L, L, the spindle of the uppermost of which has at one end
a ratchet wheelf (Figures 12 and 13), operated at intervals by a pawl M
secured to one arm of a lever M³, which is vibrated in one direction by a
spring 9 and in the opposite direction by a rod M³, which extends over the
cutter head B, and is struck by and operated at every upward movement of
the latter. The extent of the movement of the rod M², and consequently
that of the pawl M. and feed rollers, is determined by set screws h¹
and 2 on the said cutter head and rod respectively, which can be
adjusted towards and from each other as desired (see Figures 10 and 13).
As the rod M³ is moved laterally with the vibrating feed box across the
cutter head it is necessary to provide the latter with two set screws h¹
to operate alternately upon the set screw " of the said rod (see
Figures 10 and 16).
g
In order that the feed rollers L may draw the plates forward without
slipping over the same, it is necessary that their surfaces should be
serrated or roughened, and it has been found that the most advantageous
method of thus preparing the rolls is to cut them spirally in opposite
directions, as shown in Figure 17, as this prevents the jerking forward
of the plates, which is apt to be caused by the intermittent movement of
the rolls

page_text: In addition to the feed rollers L there is also a supplemental feeding
device at the rear of the box, consisting of the plate N (Figures 10
and 11), secured to a sliding spring bar N' adapted to guides on the
side of the box, and caused by its spring to bear constantly against a
cam wheel f¹ on the spindle of the upper feed roller L. This cam wheel
forces the spring bar and plate N rearward in the direction of the arrow,
Figure 10, and then releases the same so as to permit the feed plate to
move suddenly forward against the rear end of the undermost plate of
the pile on the box, and thus thrust it forward to the feed rolls L, so
that the said plate may be seized by the latter and carried to the cutters.
This supplemental feed operates constantly or at regular intervals so as
to thrust the plates forward successively to the feed rolls as they drop
into its path in consequence of the consumption of those that have been
previously carried forward. The whole feed can be instantly thrown off
without stopping the machine by means of a cam lever P (Figure 13)
hung to the side of the feed box and arranged when operated to lift the
pawl M from between the teeth of the ratchet wheel ƒ on the spindle
of the upper feed roll. This will stop the motion of the feed rolls, and
consequently that of the supplemental feed N, which derives its motion
from the said feed rolls.
Instead of operating the pawl M from the cutter head, as above
described, the rod M², through which it derives its motion, might be
continued back and be connected to a cam or eccentric on the cam
shaft, by which means the said pawl and feed rolls could be operated
after the termination of the lateral movement of the feed box in each
direction. This latter plan would, in fact, for fine work, be preferable to
operating the feed rolls from the cutter head, as when operated from the
cam shaft the plates can be fed forward when the box is at rest in either
of its two extreme positions, while when the rolls are operated from the
cutter head the plates are fed forward during the lateral movement of
the box.
Another modification of the pawl and ratchet feed is illustrated in
Figures 14 and 15. In this case two pawls M³ and M' hung to the
opposite arms of a lever M', which has its fulcrum at the side of the
feed box are used, the two pawls acting alternately upon the teeth of the
same ratchet wheel f, which is made of sufficient width for both. A
roller at the extremity of the lower arm of the lever M¹ slides through
an inclined groove k on the fixed bracket K, as the feed box is vibrated

page_text: laterally, and thus rocks the lever and imparts the required alternate
movement to the pawls, one of the latter turning the ratchet wheel as
the box vibrates in one direction, and the other performing a similar
duty when the box is vibrated in the opposite direction.
In this latter modification a double cam lever P is used in order
that both of the pawls may be lifted simultaneously from the teeth of
the ratchet wheel when it is necessary to stop the movement of the
rollers and feeding of the plates.
In Figure 1.it will be observed that the nose of the feed box is carried
as close as possible up to the cutters, and the plate fed directly from the
same to the latter, but as in consequence of the lateral swinging move-
ment, which it is necessary to impart to the box in order to give the
proper taper to the nail blanks, the nose of the box is unavoidably
drawn back from the cutter, which permits the latter to sometimes with-
draw and bend the remnant of the nail plate. It is preferred in this.
modification to cut away the upper portion of the nose of the box, and
substitute for the same a metal block R, which is rigidly secured to the
fixed frame as close as possible to the cutter, and which retains and
prevents any possibility of the throwing up of the last portion or
remnant of the nail plate, owing to the pressure upon the same of the
cutter. The nail plates are held up against this block by a flat spring m,
which forms the bottom of the nose of the feed box and extends forward
beneath the said block, and any lateral play of the nail plate is prevented
by springs m¹ (Figures 12 and 19), which form the sides of the nose
of the feed box. These springs m and m¹ are capable of longitudinal
adjustment upon the box, and they serve to retain the plates with
sufficient firmness, but are at the same time capable of yielding to
slight inequalities in the surface of the same.
The feed box motion is as follows:-For automatically feeding plates
to the cutters of a nail machine it is necessary that the box should be
inclined or angled first in one direction and then in the other so as to
present the plates to the cutters at such an angle as to form blanks of
the proper taper, and so that the widest ends of the tapering blanks
shall be presented alternately towards the heading dies at the opposite
sides of the machine. It is also necessary that the whole box should
be moved laterally as well as inclined so that the wide ends of the
blanks may project from between the gripping dies first on one side and

page_text: .
then on the other, in order that sufficient of each blank may be pre-
sented to form the nail head. It has also been found advisable to
impart to the box in addition to the above movements sufficient
longitudinal motion to enable the cut end of the plate to be drawn
back from the moveable cutter so as not to strike or rub against the
latter during the lateral movement and reversing of the angle of the box.
This compound movement of the feed box is obtained through the
medium of the devices shown in Figures 12 and 19. The box is con-
nected to the fixed bracket K through the medium of a radial link S
hinged to the bracket at p, and pivoted to the rear end of the box by a
bolt and the said box is connected at one side by two links T, T¹, to
the slotted arm of a bell-crank lever V hung to the fixed frame at the
points, and operated by a cam on the cam shaft, with which it is con-
nected by a rod W. The link S, through the medium of which the box
is connected to the fixed bracket, permits the said box to be moved
laterally to any desired extent, and to be inclined to any angle in respect
to the cutters, and it also causes the box to be drawn back from the
latter, owing to the curve described by the rear end of the link when the
said box is moved from one of its extreme positions to the other. The
links T, T¹, transmit the movements of the lever V to the box, retain the
latter in its proper position, and determine the extent of its lateral move-
ment and the angle to which it is to be inclined.
The compound movement of the box will be readily understood on
reference to the diagrams Figures 10 and 20, where x represents the
centre line of the box when at the limit of its movement in one
direction; y, the centre line when it has reached the limit of its move-
ment in the opposite direction; z, the centre line when the box is
mid way between these two positions and at right angles to the face of
the cutter; and z¹, the arc described by the rear end of the box at the
point where it is hinged to the radial link Ṣ. On the movement of the
lever V in the direction of the arrow, Figure 19, the box will be moved
laterally in the same direction, and at the same time, owing to its being
controlled by the link S, and to the arc of a circle in which the outer
end of the said link necessarily moves, the box must inevitably be drawn
back to an extent proportioned to the length of the radius of the arc
until it reaches the position indicated by the line z and shown by full
lines in Figure 20, and on continuing the motion in the same direction
the box will still be moved laterally and at the same time be moved
"

page_text: forward to the cutters and turned to the angle indicated by the line y.
When the lever V is moved in the contrary direction the same compound
movement will be imparted to the box, but in a reverse direction.
The longitudinal movement of the box it should be understood; is not
for the purpose of feeding the nail plate, but merely to draw back the
cut end of the latter sufficiently to enable it to clear the moveable cutter
during the reversing of the box, and to prevent the shaving off of por-
tions of the nail plate by the cutter during the movement of the latter,
acquired by the momentum after the machine has been stopped. The
extent of the lateral throw and inclination of the box is dependant
upon the position of the connecting points of the links T and arm v
of the operating lever. The said arm is therefore slotted so as to enable
the links to be adjusted upon the same. This forms a ready means of
regulating the movement of the box to accord with the length and taper
of the nails to be produced, and is an important feature of the machine.
It will be observed that the pins on the box, to which the links T
are connected, are permanent, while the pins t are adjustable on the
vibrating arm v. The nearer the pint of the link T is adjusted to the
fulcrum of the bell-crank lever V the less will be the vibrating move-
ment of the outer end of the box, and the further the pin of the other
link T is adjusted from the said fulcrum the greater will be the vibration
at the inner end or nose of the box. Hence, by the adjustment of the
pins t, the extent of the vibration at either end of the box can be varied
at pleasure within certain limits, and consequently the end of the nail
plate held by the box may be made to assume any desired angle
in respect to the cutting knife, and blanks of different tapers can
be cut by the said knife, according to the character of the nail to
be produced.
Not only is this important end attained by the differential mechanism
described, but the lateral movement of the entire box causes the exposure
and projection from between the griping dies of sufficient of the blanks

page_text: 51440
links T, T.
Fourteenth. The feed box connected to the links T, T¹, and S by
pins t, t, and a bolt q, substantially in the manner described, so as to
permit the said links to be instantly detached from the box when it
is necessary to remove the latter from the machine (see Figures 10
and 12).
Fifteenth. The combination with the feed box and cutters of a
Oplate or block R secured to the fixed frame in respect to the said
cutters and box, substantially as described (see Figures 10 and 11).
Sixteenth. The combination of the overlapping plate or block R and
springs m and m³, which form the bottom and sides of the nose of the
feed box (see Figures 10 and 19).
Seventeenth. The feeding rolls L, L, cut spirally in opposite directions,
substantially as described and as shewn in Figure 17.
Eighteenth. The combination with the geared feed rolls and their
ratchet wheelf of the pawl M, connecting lever M³, and rod M³, operated
either from the cutter head or cam shaft, substantially in the manner
o described (see Figure 13).
Nineteenth. The combination, substantially as described, of the set
screws h¹, h¹, and h", on the cutter head and reciprocating rod M² (see
Figures 10 and 16).
Twentieth. The combination of the ratchet wheel ƒ of the feed
5 rolls, the alternately operating pawls M³ and M', their connecting
lever M¹ hung to the feed box, and the inclined groove k in the fixed
bracket, all substantially as described and as shewn in Figures 14.
and 15.
Twenty-first. The combination of the cam lever P with the pawl or
0 pawls, which act upon the ratchet wheel ƒ of the feed rolls (sec
Figures 13 and 14).
Twenty-second. The combination with the feed rolls of the sup-
plementary feed N, N¹, acting in conjunction with and operated by

page_text: In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have to this
my Specification set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of
July One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.S.)