matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF IRON
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bennett Howell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
July 1859.
I, JOSEPH BENNETT HOWELL, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Steel
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF IRON," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the improvement of the quality of iron and I
have found that this may be accomplished by submitting it to heat while
enclosed in the white ash derived from the burning of coal. At present I
assume that the action is to extract impurities, but however this may be the
quality is improved, and I therefore also contemplate the use of other substan-
ces of a similar character or acting after the same manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEERING APPARATUS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Skolton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th March
1859.
I, THOMAS SKELTON, of Plaistow, in the County of Essex, Draughtsman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEERING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate, first; to tillers; and secondly, to yokes; and their
object in both cases is to avoid the slacking of the steering ropes, and to
improve the steering.
In the case of tillers, I form in the tiller a slot or a groove, in which runs a
roller fixed in the middle of a double block; the steering ropes are attached to
this block and lead around a steering barrel in the usual way, or in any other
convenient manner. As the steering wheel is turned, and the helm thereby
moved, the roller of the block slides along in the slot or groove in the tiller,
so as to prevent the necessity of the length of the rope altering. In the case
of yokes, I modify the plan by fitting a rolling block at the end of each arm,
the action being essentially the same in both cases; the slot or groove may
however in the latter case be dispensed with, and the roller allowed to run on
the outside of the yoke arm. I reserve to myself the right of modifying the
foregoing arrangements within certain limits, always, however,. retaining. the
employment of a block which shall roll by means of a roller or rollers along a
tiller or yoke arın.
MENTS IN COVERING JOINERY WORK WITH METALS OR METALLIC ALLOYS, AND APPARATUS FOR THE PURPOSE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Auguste Drouin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd January 1859.
I, LOUIS AUGUSTE DROUIN, of No. 95, Rue Popincourt, in the City of Paris,
Joiner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN COVERING JOINERY WORK WITH METALS OR METALLIC ALLOYS, AND
APPARATUS FOR THE PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in covering or lining with metal articles such as
doors, windows, venetian blinds, or such other articles of ordinary joinery.
The objects thus covered are less liable to suffer by damp, are stronger, and
protected against fire.
To accomplish this I make use of a stretching or drawing bench (banc a
étirer) or of a screw press, each furnished with suitable dies, matrixes, or
blocks.
Articles of wood, the patterns of which are repeated, which are capable of
being made in a continuous manner, and which can be used after their being
cut out, may, if their size allows it, be covered with sheets of metal by means
of the drawing bench.
Articles of too large dimensions, or which are incapable of being made in a
continued manner, such as pannels, for example, are covered with metal by
means of the screw press. Various metals or alloys may be used for the
purpose, according to the strength or appearance to be attained.

page_text: In order to put the pieces together, I cut them in such a manner that the
wood is never visible or exposed, and so that the metal sheets correspond.
When any bulging or crumpling is apprehended, I then, by means of screws
or other suitable contrivance, superpose strips or pieces of wood, which may be
lengthened or shortened as occasion may require.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Thornton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th January
1859.
I, JOSHUA THORNTON, of Cleckheaton, in the County of York, Machine
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CARDING ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to applying an endway traverse motion in addition
to the ordinary rotary motion to the first toothed cylinder or roller receiving
fibre from the feed means or that which delivers to the main cylinder of a
carding engine in order thereby more intimately to mix or evenly distribute
the fibres to be carded. For this purpose I apply upon the axis of such
toothed cylinder or roller an inclined or cam wheel, the periphery of which is
embraced at one part by a stationary clip or fork, by which, in the rotation of
such cylinder or roller, an endway traverse motion in addition to the ordinary
rotary motion will be given thereto, but I do not confine myself to such means
of imparting the endway traverse motion to the cylinder or roller as the same
may be varied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC STEREOSCOPE SLIDES, AND IN THE STEREOSCOPES EMPLOYED IN VIEWING THE SAME
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Fisher and Charles Aspray
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 5th October 1859.
We, ROBERT FISHER, of Westbourne Grove, and CHARLES ASPRAY, of New-
5 ton Road, Westbourne Grove, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC STEREOSCOPE SLIDES, AND IN THE
STEREOSCOPES EMPLOYED IN VIEWING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
We take, with a single camera, two photographs of the same object, but in
different attitudes or positions, and in the stereoscope employed in viewing
them we provide a sliding shade by means of which the right or left hand
picture is viewed alternately, by this arrangement the effect of motion or
change of position is produced.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MILLS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Loftus Perkins at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th August
1859. A communication from abroad by James Bogardus, of Duane
Street, New York.
I, LOFTUS PERKINS, of Francis Street, Gray's Inn Road, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MILLS," to be as follows :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in mills. In constructing
mills according to this Invention, two circular metal plates or discs are
employed as grinding surfaces; they are made of cast iron, and are chilled;
the working surfaces of the plates have ridges formed on them. The lower
plate is mounted on the upper end of a vertical axis carried in a suitable
frame, and the upper plate, which has a hole through it at the centre, is
mounted on the lower end of a hollow or tubular axis, so that the upper plate
is brought paralell with the lower plate and almost in contact with it. The
axes of the upper and lower plates are excentric the one to the other. When
the mill is in action, the axis on which the lower plate is mounted is driven
by a band, or in any other convenient manner, and the material to be ground
is fed between the two plates through the hollow axis of the upper plate. The
upper plate is not directly driven, but is carried round by the lower plate, and
the plates being excentric the one to the other, the ridges of the one plate
move over the ridges of the other plate, so as to produce a cutting or sheering
action, and thus the material between the plates is rapidly divided and
ground.

page_text: The axis of the lower plate is capable of moving longitudinally, and the
two plates are kept up, the one to the other, by a weight; they are, however,
kept out of actual contact by a stop.
The eccentric arrangement of the grinding surfaces causes the ground
material to escape very readily from between them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING WATER TO WATER-CLOSETS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dixon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
October 1859.
Water is
I, JOHN DIXON, of the Borough and County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING WATER TO WATER-CLOSETS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for supplying
water-closets with water. For this purpose, in order to supply a regulated
quantity of water to the closet, the closet is supplied from a small cistern
capable of containing the amount of water to be supplied each time to the
closet. From the bottom of this cistern a pipe passes, and from near the
lower end of this pipe a branch pipe leads to the pan of the closet.
supplied to the cisteru by means of a ball cock, but ordinarily the water is shut
off from the cistern by the arm of the ball cock being held up by one arm of
a lever (contained within the cistern) the other arm having a weight attached
to it; this lever is prevented from being moved too far by means of a stop.
Through the pipe leading from the cistern a rod passes, and the lower end of
the pipe is closed by a disc, the centre of which is connected to the rod;
passing up the pipe to the top of the rod a valve seat is connected; the
exterior of the valve seat is connected to the centre of a flexible ring, the
periphery of which is held between the bottom of the cistern and the top of
the pipe leading therefrom, so that no water can pass down the pipe except
through passages formed in the valve seat. When the rod passing up the
n

page_text: pipe is raised a short distance, which the flexible discs permit of, the passages
through the valve will be closed by the valve being pressed against a soft ring
on the bottom of the weight which keeps the arm of the ball cock raised, but
the rod is ordinarily kept in its lowest position by a weight attached to the
lower end of the rod, so that the passage from the cistern to the pan of
the closet is open. The lower end of the rod passing up the pipe from the
cistern is connected to one arm of a lever, the other arm of which is connected
by a rod to the seat of the closet. By this means when the rod connected to
the seat of the closet is depressed, the rod passing up the pipe leading from
the cistern is raised, by which the passages through the valve will be closed
and the weight which keeps up the arm of the ball cock raised, so that the
ball is allowed to fall and the cistern fills with water. On removing the
pressure from the rod connected to the seat of the closet, the rod passing up
the pipe is drawn down by the weight on the end of it, so that the passages
through the valve will be opened and the water in the cistern will then flow
into the pan of the closet.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEPT FORKS FOR LOOмs
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Charles Pickard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th July 1859.
I, JOHN CHARLES PICKARD, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster.
Patent Temple and Weft Fork Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEPT FORKS FOR LOOмs," to be as
follows:-
I make the prongs of the fork in separate pieces, and fix them to the body
of the fork by a wedge or key, which fits a recess in each prong, and beds
against the body so that if one or more prongs should break or require
renewal they may be easily removed and fresh ones substituted, thereby
obtaining a great economy over the solid fork at present in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
February 1859.-A communication from James Stebbings Moody, of the
United States of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
The first part of the Invention relates to the manner of drawing the thread
through the fabric after the stitch has been completed and the required tension
given to it, and in order to accomplish this end, the needle to be employed is
of the kind known as the "double pointed needle," which is made to pass back
and forth through the fabric, and is caught and held at each operation by
means of suitable holding instruments. The loose or free end of the thread is
drawn through the fabric by means of a hook or hooks attached to a travelling
endless band.
The second part of the Invention consists in alternately griping and
releasing the needle from the needle bars as it passes back and forth through
the fabric, carrying with it the thread to form the stitches.
The third part of the Invention consists in the arrangement of an adjustable
presser foot to answer the two-fold purpose of guiding the needle to the
upper needle bar, and to press the thread against the needle in order to give
the necessary tension to the stitch.
This machine can be made to form any ordinary kind of stitch that is made

page_text: by the hand by adjusting the feeder, and the several parts for operating the
feeder. The machinery for giving motion to the needle bars may be modified
and altered in many respects so as to give the various motions to the needle
bars, &c.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND PRINTING CERTAIN YARNS AND FABRICS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Grace Calvert and
Charles Lowe at the Office of the Commissioners of Patent, with their
Petition, on the 10th December 1859.
We, FREDERICK GRACE CALVERT and CHARLES LOWE, both of the City of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Analytical Chemists, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND
PRINTING CERTAIN YARNS AND FABRICS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in improvements for fixing on yarns and fabrics the
peculiar class of colours derived from tar products and archil colours known as
French purples. We apply to the yarns and fabrics intended to be dyed or
printed a mordant, consisting of tanning matter with alumina, tin, or other
metallic compound (by preference employing the tanning matter of gall nuts
and the preparation known as oxymuriate of tin) by which we fix the colours
derived from tar products and archil colours known as French purples, which
colours have hitherto been fixed by albumen, lacterine, and other azotized
substances of a similar nature.
A MODE OR METHOD OF PRODUCING METALLIC SULPHATES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Crockford at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st February
1859.
I, CHARLES CROCKFORD, of Holywell, Flintshire, Smelter, do hereby declare
5 the nature of the said Invention for "A MODE OR METHOD OF PRODUCING METALLIC
SULPHATES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in exposing the oxides or chlorides of copper, iron,
zinc, and such like metals of commerce to the action of sulphurous acid gas,
or the vapour of water charged with air, whereby they become converted into
sulphates. I utilize the sulphurous acid now wasted in the reduction of metals
from the sulphurets, although in certain cases I prefer to generate the sul-
phurous acid expressly for the purpose of effecting the conversion of oxides or
chlorides into sulphates, my Invention being for the production of the sulphates
of-the metals of commerce by the exposure of their oxides or chlorides to the
action of sulphurous acid gas, air, and water vapours.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Bushby Wilson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th July 1859.
I, ARTHUR BUSHBY WILSON, of Cockermouth, in the County of Cumberland,
Hat Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS," to be as follows:-
My improved hats are made with a gossamer body, the same as used in
making an ordinary silk hat, with the exception that the innermost coating
may be of black calico instead of white; this body is covered with a thin felt
material made of fine English or Manx wool, Cape or Australian wool, Saxony
wool, a mixture of Cape wool, coney wool, and hare's wool, or a mixture of
Saxony wool, coney wool, and hare's wool. This felt material is fitted to the
gossamer body, and when firmly adhering a nap is raised upon it by means
of drawing a card, with extremely fine teeth, across or over its surface, whilst
in a state of moisture. The nap when thus raised is laid from right to left as
the nap on a silk hat, by the application of hot irons, and damp and dry velures.
The hat is trimmed according to fancy. Instead of a gossamer body, a wool,
or stuff, or wool and stuff hat body may be used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Baughan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st October
1859.
I, JOHN BAUGHAN, of Pimlico, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
SOAP," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
-
My Invention, which has reference to improvements in the manufacture of
soap with the view to obtaining a better article at less cost than hitherto, as
also to producing soap suitable for disinfecting purposes, consists in adding
to the usual saponified mass proportionate quantities of pulp made from certain
animal, vegetable, and other substances, namely, ten quarts of milk, eight
hundredweight of water, twenty pounds of soda, and either four hundredweight
of rice, six hundredweight of horse chesnuts, six hundredweight of potatoes, or
eleven hundredweight of refuse cod fish, sprats, or plaice, to which, when
disinfecting soap is to be produced, half a pound of chloride of zinc or chloride
of lime should be added.
AN IMPROVED APPLICATION OF MACHINERY FOR THE PURPOSE OF HOISTING, LOWERING, PULLING, OR DRAWING WEIGHTS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hall and John Say Sparkes
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
2nd April 1859.
I, JOHN HALL, of Queen's Road, Chelsea, Engineer, and I, JOHN SAY SPARKES,
of St. John's Wood, Gentleman, both in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declaro the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPLICATION OF
MACHINERY FOR THE PURPOSE OF HOISTING, LOWERING, PULLING, OR DRAWING
WEIGHTS," to be as follows, and consists in the application of what is called in
mechanics, the endless serow or a screw in combination with the wheel and
axle, to crabs, cranes, windlasses, and that class of machines. Hitherto the
motive power has been communicated to these machines by means of the
wheel and axle alone, the combination generally being by means of a series of
toothed wheels and pinions in connexion with and receiving the power applicd
from the shaft or lever, and transmitting it to the barrel upon which the rope
or chain is attached, and passes to the object to be operated upon. I therefore
propose to introduce into the above-named class of machines the principle of
the endless screw, and apply it to all the arrangements of gear now made use
of in these; generally I prefer to put the screw and wheel immediately in
connexion with the lever at which the force is applied, and by means of the
usual toothed gear pinions, axles, chains, or ropes to transfer the said power
increased or multiplied in extent to the article to be operated upon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th April 1859.-A communication from abroad by Theodore Nicolas
Meynier and Louis Albert Le Bleu, of Paris.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E. C., Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS," (communicated to me from
abroad by Theodore Nicolas Meynier and Louis Albert Le Bleu, of Paris,)
to be as follows:-
"This Invention consists in protecting the body of steam boilers from the
direct action of the fire by a protecting chamber placed between the bottom of
the boiler and the furnace, through which chamber. the feed water is made to
pass before entering the boiler. The protecting chamber is so fixed as to be
easily removable in case of need without interfering with the boiler; provision
is made, while the chamber is removed for repair, or otherwise, for the supply
from the feed pump directly into the boiler.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PREPARING PLATES AND CYLINDERS FOR PRINTING PROM
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
November 1859. - A communication from abroad by Jules Michel
Isidore Melotte and Charles Jules Thiesset, of Paris).
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E. C., Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PREPARING PLATES AND CYLINDERS FOR
PRINTING PROM," (communicated to me from abroad by Jules Michel Isidore
Melotte and Charles Jules Thiesset, of Paris), to be as follows:-
I first produce upon a lithographic stone the outline of the design to be
executed, and draw as many proofs as there are to be colors, and transfer the
proofs to so many stones. Each color and the register are produced in gum,.
and the design is covered with lithographic ink and allowed to dry; the
stones are acidulated, gummed, and ungummed, then all the design produced
by the gum becomes white. Proofs of the design are taken in lithographic
transfer ink, and are transferred to plates of polished metal, copper for
example; they are inked and powdered over with bitumen; when the ink is
dry acid is applied to bite out and remove all the parts not protected by the
bitumen.
For engraving on rollers.proceed in a similar manner, but the metal should
not be bitten entirely through as with the plates; there must be as many
rollers as colors in the impression.

page_text: Method of working.-The outline of the design is made upon paper, and
transferred to, say, copper plates; upon these plates each color and the register
are drawn in acidulated gum, and the plates are covered with engraver's
varnish, which is allowed to dry; the design is uncovered by wetting the
plates, which are then exposed to the action of acids to bite out the
design.
Printing. The paper, cloth, or other material to be printed is stretched
upon a bed, over which a light metal frame carrying the printing plate is
placed; four points fixed upon the table enter the registers in the plate after
first passing through the material to be printed; the frame is then lowered,
and the required color applied by a brush or wad. The color appears on the
material through all the cut out parts of the plate. The frame is then raised,
the material is removed from the points, repointed, and the frame with
another plate is brought down to apply another color, and so on for as many
different colors as are to be printed.
AN IMPROVED VENTILATOR
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eugène Théodore Noualhier at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th April 1859.
I, EUGÈNE THÉODORE NOUALHIER, of Paris, France, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention of "AN IMPROVED VENTILATOR,"
to be as follows, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in an arrangement of apparatus for producing a
double current of air for ventilating apartments, houses, churches, and also
applicable to blast furnaces, locomotives, and other purposes where a double
current of air is required. The apparatus consists of a suitably constructed
cylinder, to the upper part of which a tube for the entrance of air is soldered
so as to communicate with the interior thereof. To one end of the cylinder a
pipe is adjusted, which passes through and extends a short distance beyond its
opposite end, to which opposite end of the cylinder is soldered another tube of
larger diameter than the first (with which it forms one whole), so as to leave a
small space between it and the first tube for the egress of air from the
cylinder. Thus the air entering the top pipe passes into the cylinder, and
afterwards into the large and smaller tubes, forming thereby a double current
of air.
MANUFACTURING GRANU- LATED SEIDLEITZ POWDER
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bush at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th September
1859.
I, WILLIAM BUSH, of Dulwich, in the County of Surrey, Chemist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "MANUFACTURING GRANU-
LATED SEIDLEITZ POWDER," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in granulating the seidleitz powder while in a
partial state of fusion, and in depriving the salts of its taste and natural
moisture, and thus rendering the preparation much less liable to be affected
by changes of the atmosphere or damp than the ordinary seidleitz powder, and
this without impairing in the slightest degree its medicinal qualities or
effervescing properties. The granulated seidleitz powder, when dissolved in
water, forms a most pleasant, wholesome, and very cooling beverage.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF CARTRIDGE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
May 1859. A communication from abroad by T. F. Henderson, of
Baltimore, Maryland, in the United States of America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF CARTRIDGE,"
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce cartridge cases that shall combine
the properties of being waterproof and inflammable. To this end the paper or
other fabric employed to form the case, whether composed of linen, cotton,
or other fibrous vegetable material, is immersed in a compound of purified
nitrate of potassa and sulphuric acid, to render it inflammable; the vegetable
substance is retained in the solution until it is thoroughly saturated, after
which it is well washed in a weak solution of soda, in order to remove all
traces of the acid, and then dried between sheets of blotting paper. The vege
table substance, thus made inflammable, is, to render it waterproof, varnished
on one side with an inflammable waterproof varnish, as gum shellac, dissolved
in alcohol, to which is added a small amount of purified coal oil, to render the
vegetable substance pliable, and prevent its breaking. The inflammable and
waterproof paper or other vegetable substance thus prepared is wound round
a mandril of the proper size and shape, and each layer on only the outer edge

page_text: cemented with the waterproof varnish; it is then cut in the required length to
form the cartridge case, and one end closed and cemented, after which it is
filled with powder and attached to the ball or other projectile, so as to form
a perfectly water-tight joint, thus making an inflammable and waterproof
cartridge case.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF BUFF OR LOSH, AND OTHER OILED LEATHERS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Eason at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th September
1859.
I, JOHN EASON, of Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF BUFF OR LOSH, AND OTHER OILED LEATHERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the manufacture of oiled leathers in a more speedy
and efficient manner than heretofore. I propose placing the skins on frames
in suitably constructed tanks or vessels, or they may be suspended in said
tanks or vessels so as to isolate each skin therein, and therefrom exhaust the
air, thereby opening the pores of the skin, and by this means extracting the
lime therefrom, the oil is then let in and forced by hydraulic or hydrostatic
pressure into the pores.
I also propose forcing dubbing into leather in a similar manner to that above
described, instead of the tedious and lengthy process of rubbing in the ordinary
way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PADDLE WHEELS AND SCREW PROPELLERS FOR STEAM VESSELS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Davies at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th June
1859. A communication from abroad by Augustus Jouan, of San
Francisco, California.
I, GEORGE DAVIES, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of
Middlesex, and No. 28, St. Enoch Square, in the City of Glasgow, Civil
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PADDLE WHEELS AND SCREW PROPELLERS FOR STEAM
VESSELS," (a communication from abroad by Augustus Jouan, of San Francisco,
California,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, firstly, in the substitution in the ordinary form of
paddle wheels, of elastic buckets, blades, and floats, for the rigid buckets,
blades, and floats now and heretofore used or employed; and, secondly, in
making the latter portion or half of the blades or wings of a screw propeller
elastic instead of making the blades or wings entirely rigid as heretofore.
The object of the Invention being to increase the efficiency of the paddle
wheel or the propeller by the vibration of the elastic buckets or floats, or by
that of the elastic wings or blades after they have fully entered the water, they
acting firstly in full force by direct pressure as usual, and then by the impulse
due to their reaction or return vibration.
The elastic buckets and blades are to be made in sections, so that each
part can act independently, and readily conform to the amount of resistance

page_text: it meets with in entering and leaving the water. These buckets and blades
are to be made of tempered steel, and should be coated with copper or bronze
by the galvano-plastic process, or be well painted with red lead to protect
them from oxydation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DOUBLING THREADS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th February 1859.-A communication from Adolphe Bouez, residing
at Paris.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E.C., Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DOUBLING THREADS," (communicated
to me by Adolphe Bouez, residing at Paris,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain arrangements of parts forming an
apparatus for stopping the revolution of the bobbin, on which the doubled
threads are being wound, upon the breaking of any one of the threads. The
apparatus is applicable to all descriptions of doubling machines or frames,
whether the bobbins are set in a vertical or horizontal position. To every
bobbin on which the doubled threads are wound there must be a separate
apparatus. Any one of the bobbins in the frame may be stopped without
interfering with the rotation of the others.
The apparatus consists of three parts; one a pulley or toothed wheel, fitted:
to turn loosely on the bobbin spindle upon receiving motion from a strap or
from toothed gearing, as the case may be; this pulley or wheel is provided
with a projecting stud, which when the parts are all in working order, is
caught by a hook, in which one end of a curved lever is made to terminate,
the opposite extremity of which terminates in a projecting spur;. this lever
forms the second of the three parts, and is secured to the remaining part by a
screw, upon which it is free to oscillate.

page_text: The third and remaining part is a collar terminating in a disc by means of
a feather and pressure screw; the collar and disc are fixed on and revolve with
the spindle. Each of the threads to be doubled passes through an eye on the
outer end of a small lever, and while the threads are whole they keep the
outer ends of the levers raised. The inner ends of the levers are turned up,
and as long as no thread breaks the turned up ends of the levers pass free of
the projecting spur, and the apparatus, spindle, and bobbin rotate together;
but upon the breaking of any one of the threads, the inner end of the lever,
through the eye of which the broken thread passed, tilts up, and coming in
contact with the projecting spur, throws the hooked end of the curved lever
free from the projecting stud, when the pulley or wheel will cease to carry
round the other parts of the apparatus, and will revolve loose on the spindle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMP GLASSES AND SHADES, APPLICABLE TO GAS BURNERS, LIGHTHOUSES, AND RAILWAY SIGNALS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Marie Ciroux at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th April
1859.
I, JEAN MARIE CIROUX, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMP
GLASSES AND SHADES, APPLICABLE TO GAS BURNERS, LIGHTHOUSES, AND RAILWAY
SIGNALS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in making glasses and shades of crystal, rendered
convex either externally or internally, or on both sides, for lamps and lanterns,
and applicable to certain gas burners, to lighthouses and railway signals, which
convexity is obtained by known means, and by which a greater brightness is
given to the light than by the ordinary glasses.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DIS- CHARGING CARGOES, AND IN RAISING AND LOWERING BODIES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Mitcalfe at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd March
1859.
I, WILLIAM MITCALFE, of the Coal Exchange, London, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DIS-
CHARGING CARGOES, AND IN RAISING AND LOWERING BODIES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates more particularly, but not exclusively, to the un-
loading of coal from ships in a tide way, and consists in taking advantage of
the flow of the current in either direction (by means of a water wheel, or
equivalent apparatus) to accumulate power, by which baskets or buckets of
coal may be rapidly hoisted out of the ship's hold, either by the application
of such water power alone, or as an addition to other power, by which the
present system of "whipping" by manual labour will be superceded.
MAINTAINING GRATERS MECHANICALLY
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arnould Baucq at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st March
1859.
I, ARNOULD BAUCQ, Sugar Manufacturer, of Marchiennes, Department of
the Nord, Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "MAINTAINING GRATERS MECHANICALLY," to be as follows :—
I purpose in the manufacture of sugar to feed or maintain the graters by
placing a mechanical apparatus or moveable bottom in the feeding trough
furnished with several knives, to bring together the matters to be worked in
the grater, to reduce such matters to the proper size, and to distribute them
in the required manner; from which arrangement I anticipate not only con-
siderable economy in labour, but also the prevention of the numerous and
almost inevitable accidents incurred in feeding the graters after the ordinary
I place the moveable bottom on a carriage in the feeding trough,
where it is supported from above, it is moved backward and forward by
excentrics and pullies motived by hand or other power; pieces of wood are
used to retain the matters during the backward movement, and triangular
knives cut and distribute them." A knife is also placed at each end of the
moveable bottom, rollers on the balance bring back the pushers, a catch
releases the moveable bottom, and a sheet iron guard spreads the matters at
each movement; or if the motion be given from beneath, an arched board may
be substituted for the guard. It is found advantageous to couple two graters,

page_text: and feed or maintain them by one apparatus; but for one grater the machinery
is less complicated, and one knife will suffice. The mode of communicating
motion may be varied, and be from above or below. And this improvement
may be found applicable to other purposes than sugar making.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
September, 1859. A communication from abroad by A. B. Stoughton,
of Washington, in the United States of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES," to be as follows:-
This Invention of Improvements in Projectiles relates to such projectiles
as are usually discharged from cannon or ordnance, and consists, first, in
securing around a portion of cylindro-conical shot or shell a copper or soft
iron or metal band, which will admit of being expanded by the gas generated
by the explosion of the charge; secondly, in so constructing the band as to
prevent it from turning on the shot (except slightly) so as to cause the shot
to assume an axial position, and keep it so whilst gliding out of the bore;
thirdly, in adapting to the hollow shot or shell a contrivance for causing
explosion of the shell when striking a target.
The peculiar features of novelty in this Invention are the follows:-
First, the combination of a copper or soft iron or metal band discon-
nected from all other substances, with a cannon projectile of cylindro-conical
form.
Secondly, placing between the band and the projectile, whether upon the
band or shot, or independently lying between the shot and the band, unattached
to either, inclined lugs or other equivalent contrivances, which will take into

page_text: notches or rest against projections or pins, on the shot or shell, so as to prevent
the soft metal band from turning round on the shot or shell.
Thirdly, making openings or gas channels around the shot, beneath the band
or in the band, or in both, or any equivalent space between band and pro-
jectile, for the purpose of admitting the gas between the shot or shell and the
soft metal band, so that the latter may be expanded and made to fit the
grooves of the cannon.
Fourthly, adapting to the shell a contrivance, which may be withdrawn at
the moment of firing, for the purpose of inserting percussion powder. This
contrivance is to be partially re-inserted thereafter, and to remain thus
partially reinserted (by an appropriate stop) until driven home by striking the
target, when it will ignite and explode the charge in the shell at the proper
moment.
Fifthly, the pellet of percussion powder, or its equivalent, is contained in a
chamber in the "fuse" plug or body of the shell.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SLIDE VALVES OF STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Fitton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th November
1859.
I, THOMAS FITTON, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE SLIDE VALVES OF STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to the slide valve or valves of steam engines for
regulating the immission and emission of steam to and from the cylinder.
It is well known that the ordinary valve is subjected to great pressure, espe-
cially in high-pressure steam engines, and that the faces both of the valve and
the "ports" upon the cylinder are very rapidly worn away, the valve requiring
to be frequently removed and the "ports" on the cylinder refaced, and that
besides this evil there is another arising from the large amount of power
absorbed in giving motion to the ordinary slide valve under bigh pressure
steam.
The object of my Invention is to remove or lessen these evils, and it consists
in arranging slide valves, so that while bearing or sliding on the face of the
"ports" with sufficient weight or force to secure a close joint, the main part
of the weight or pressure on the back of the valves will be sustained upon
rollers resting on suitable facings formed upon the cylinder, and placed under
ledges on or projections from the valves, consequently the valves will be moved
much more easily and with much less friction than the ordinary slide valve, as
the rollers will roll as the slide reciprocates.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLES FOR THE PURPOSE OF INDICATING TIME AND FACILITY OF LIGHTING THE SAME
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gilbert Stanton Fleming at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
August 1859.
I, GILBERT STANTON FLEMING, of 498, New Oxford Street, in the County
5 of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLES FOR THE PURPOSE OF INDICATING TIME AND
FACILITY OF LIGHTING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
The first part of this Invention consists in making marks on the side or
around the sides of candles, either by indentation or coloring at intervals and
equal distances apart according to the size of the candle, so as to indicate the
time by the burning of the candle. The marks to consist of hours, half-hours
and if necessary quarter-hours, the distances to be determined by the kind of
candle used for the purpose; the marks or other announcement may be made
either in the process of manufacture or after.
The second part of this Invention consists in applying a composition of
phosphorous or other igniting material to the top ends of the wicks for the
purpose of more readily lighting the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR PUMPS AND OTHER USES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Salmon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th June
1859.
I, PETER SALMON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES
FOR PUMPS AND OTHER USES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the construction of valves formed in two portions,
composed of metal, wood, or other suitable rigid or inelastic material, hinged
at their base, and forming two lips at their opposite end, such lips being
kept together by means of springs or other elastic self-acting means, except
when yielding to the pressure of a fluid or material passing through them in
the direction from the base to the said lips. The form of the valve may be
conical or of other form, so long as it consists of two portions or halves,
extending from a base or part penetrating through the base to which they are
hinged with the opposite ends or lips closing together, or one upon the other,
and brought in contact as required by springs or otherwise. These valves
are intended to be constructed so as to be suitable for use as pump buckets,
foot valves, supply or discharge valves for the passage of gases or fluids through
pipes, and for other similar uses, the hinged portions or halves being varied in
form, and the mode of applying the springs or elastic self-acting means of
closing the lips being also varied as required. By the use of such valves, the
fluids and materials will be made to open the lips and pass through them, by
overcoming the compressive force of the springs or other elastic closers of the

page_text: lips when impelled in the direction from the base towards the lips, while
their pressure in the opposite direction will only serve to close the lips more
firmly.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STRAINED FENCES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Morton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th March
1859.
J, FRANCIS MORTON, of James Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STRAINED FENCES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to draw the strands, cords, wires, wire rods,
hoops, or bands of strained fences up to tension, and to keep them tightly
strained, and also to allow of them being slackened with facility when required.
This I propose to effect either by passing the strands, cords, wires, wire
rods, hoops or bands, through rollers, barrels, or pullies provided with any
convenient contrivance, whereby rotary motion may be communicated to them;
or the ends of the strands, cords, wires, wire rods, hoops, or bands may be
secured in or upon the rollers or barrels, and by causing the said rollers or
barrels to rotate, I am enabled to strain or slacken the metallic or other
strands, as may be required. To retain these rollers or barrels in position
when they have been rotated for the purpose of straining the strands, cords,
wires, wire rods, hoops, or bands, clicks or other mechanical contrivances must
be provided to take into ratchet teeth cast upon the rollers, or attached to
their axles. The clicks may have an elongated end or lever to permit of them
being readily thrown out of contact with their respective ratchets when the
wires are required to be slackened. In order to tighten up the metallic or
other strands, cords, wires, wire rods, hoops or bands (which extend from one
straining post to another, it will merely be necessary to apply a key or other

page_text: instrument to the ends of the axles of the rollers or barrels, and thereby give
those rollers or barrels an axial motion, and cause the strands, cords, wires,
wire rods, hoops, or bands, to be wound thereon. By applying the key or
other instrument from time to time, as the wire becomes slack, a laborer will
.be enabled with facility to keep the fence properly strained.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CASTING OF STEEL
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Leopold Benzon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
March 1859. A communication from Ewald Riepe, residing at Pau,
France.
I, EDMUND LEOPOLD BENZON, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Steel
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN THE CASTING OF STEEL," (communicated to me by Ewald Riepe,
residing at Pau, France,) to be as follows:-
This Invention is an improvement upon two Inventions formerly patented
by Ewald Riepe, in Great Britain, the 9th July 1853, Nos. 1686 and 1687; and
the Inventor states it has suggested itself to him as a means of getting the
casting thoroughly homogeneous throughout. Experience has shown that in
effecting the casting in any manner performed up to the present time, bubbles and
"honey-combs" occur in the body of the metal itself, from the inability of the
air existing in or drawn into the mould during the casting to escape, owing
to the too sudden cooling of the mass of metal, or otherwise. Now in order
to remedy this serious defect, the Inventor first heats the mould in any con-
venient manner prior to the pouring in of the steel. For hard and soft steels,
different degrees of heat will be required, which together with the best sources
of heat will be fully set forth in my final Specification.