A Combined Causeway and Fall-pipe Gully "Stench and Grease" Trap.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application. 11th Aug., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 9th Feb., 1892-Accepted, 19th Mar., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A Combined Causeway and Fall-pipe Gully "Stench and Grease"
Trap.
I, EDWARD ALBERT GREEN, of 16 Rock Street, Bridgehouses, Sheffield,
Building Surveyor to Urban Authority, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion to be as follows:-
-
A novel combined construction both of gully trap and cover, specially adapted.
for use on level and inclined public causeways, where it is fixed close to the walls
of buildings to receive the roof water from fall-pipes, and all house or other internal
drainage except from water closets, but which may be fixed and used in any exposed
or other situation for the same purposes, as well as for surface drainage. The
gully trap may be adapted for use for any of the above named purposes, singly or
combined, by slight modifications in the form of the cover.
The gully-trap is made in different sizes of glazed earthen or stone ware, cast
iron, or other suitable material, with covers of cast iron.
The gully trap is extremely compact in its combination and adjuncts, and
including the cover is casily made and for its sundry uses cheaply produced. It
takes up little room on the causeway or other place, is free from danger to
pedestrians, is not easily tampered with by children, and being of comparative
limited capacity prevents an undue accumulation of foul matters in its interior, by
requiring to be periodically cleansed in order to keep it in operation, while it also
gives disconnection and ventilation within the gully to the drainage conductors
emptying into it, and its sides are suited to receive all kinds of paving coming
against it.
The gully portion of the apparatus is of rectangular and slightly diminishing
downward box like shape, modified and reduced along the upper portion of one end,
and the lower portion of both ends by inward circular curves, and has a circular
outlet proceeding at right angles from its front side to connect with an ordinary
drain pipe. The roof water is conducted into the gully by a fall pipe, which passes
through a perforation in the cover, and the surface water flows into the gully
through gratings in the cover, while the house or other internal drainage from
upper floors, is received from lead pipes by a cast iron hopper head fixed at a
suitable level in the stack of fall pipes, or is discharged from upper or lower floors,
by lead pipes entering the gully through holes in its back just below the grated
cover. The issuing ends of all the drainage conductors are above the trapped
water line of the gully, and are thus disconnected and ventilated. Part of the
lower half of the interior of the gully is utilized as a chamber in which grease
collects, and other solid matters subside, and the bottom of the gully having curved
ends has no unnecessary internal angles as lurking places for filth, but favours the
passage of the drainage through the gully.
The trap portion of the apparatus consists of a straight and curved web,
suspended transversely in the interior of the gully from three of its sides. The
straight portion of the web proceeding from and in continuation of the curved upper
portion of the end of the gully, slants slightly downward to the centre of the
greatest length of the gully, and is continued downward by the curved portion of
the web, which; by an involved further course in the lower part of the gully, and
under the straight portion of the web, forms a mostly enclosed pipe like channel of
elliptical section communicating with the circular outlet of the gully, and almost
centrally situated in the greatest length of the gully, and at a varying distance from
the bottom and each end of the gully. The web forming the channel terminates
half way up in the interior height of the gully with an upward and outwardly curled

page_text: lip, between which; and the underside of the straight portion of the web exists a slit
like opening extending the whole length of the channel and forming an entrance
thereto. This arrangement confines and maintains water in the lower half of the
interior of the gully, which; has to pass under the enclosed channel, and rise up to
the top of the curled lip of the web before it can flow out of the gully into the
channel, and thence through the outlet into the connected drain leading to the sewer,
while the water which is confined submerges the body of the channel to three
fourths its height, thus airlocking the open slit entrance into the channel, and
interposing a large water seal against the escape of gas from the sewer, the gully by
such means being perfectly trapped. That portion of the outer side of the trapped
channel which is submerged, affords an extended surface to which grease adheres,
and the curled lip termination further prevents grease passing from the gully into
the channel, and drain, while other solid matters settle at the bottom of the gully,
causing the drainage to become clarified before leaving the gully, and keeping the
drain free from deposit.
The cover of the gully trap which is of cast iron, fits inside the top edges of the
gully, where it rests on a seating formed all round the gully, and being loose is
removable. It is made flat, and grated at one end for ventilating the interior of
the gully, and has at the other end a perforation of circular form, but slightly
elongated lengthwise of the gully, and of a diminishing downward concave section.
This perforation receives and secures the bottom end of an ordinary cast iron fall
pipe and its form permits of the fixing or refixing of the lower length of fall pipe
without interfering with either the gully or the cover. The form of the perforation
also admits of the gully being fixed level or inclined to suit any grade of footpath
or causeway without impairing the efficiency of the trap or interfering with the
facility of the connection with the drain. The cover is secured against mischievous
displacement without mechanical means, by a dovetailed arrangement of the ends of
the cover and the inside of the top edges of the ends of the gully, which; when the
cover is in position leaves a small unoccupied space along one end of the cover,
between it and the top edge of the gully, and requiring a small joint of mortar only
to be pressed therein to secure the cover, while by chipping out the mortar joint the
cover is easily removed when necessary to obtain access to the gully, and is as easily
replaced. If deemed necessary a small plug formed with a bit of sheet lead may
also be driven into the joint to secure the cover, or while the mortar joint gets set,
and is easily cut out when required. The top of the cover is of rectangular shape,
with one back corner forming a quadrant, which; when the cover has been lifted
just clear of the top edge of the gully, admits of the cover being turned round on
the fall pipe, between the fall-pipe and the wall at right angles to its proper
position, making an opening into the gully, through which access is obtained to
every part of it likely to require cleansing. The cover is made flat, or slightly
dished on the top from all sides, the flat form being grated throughout when the
gully trap is used on causeways for other purposes than fall pipes, and the dished
form is grated throughout when the gully-trap is used for yard, or other surface
drainage, the surrounding paving being inclined towards the gully.
Dated this Eighth day of August 1891.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A Combined Causeway and Fall-pipe Gully "Stench and Grease"
Trap.
ני.
I, EDWARD ALBERT GREEN, of 16, Rock Street, Bridgehouses, Sheffield,‹
Building Surveyor to Urban Authority, do hereby declare the nature of this inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
L
"My invention consists of a novel combined construction both of gully, trap, and.
4

page_text: cover, specially adapted for use on level and inclined public causeways, to be fixed
close to the walls of buildings to receive the roof water from fall pipes, and all
house or other internal drainage except from water closets, but which may be fixed
and used in any exposed or other situation for the same purposes, as well as for
surface drainage. The gully-trap is adapted for use in various ways for any of the
above named purposes, singly, or combined; by slight modifications in the form
and detail of the gully-trap and cover, as hereinafter described, and illustrated on
the accompanying sheets of drawings.
The gully-trap is made in different sizes from the smallest sink waste gully, to
the largest street gully, with covers of corresponding size.
The gully-trap is made of glazed earthen or stone ware, cast iron, or any other
suitable material, with covers which I prefer made of cast iron, especially for
causeways; but which may be made of any other suitable material.
The gully-trap is extremely compact in its combination and adjuncts, and
including the cover is easily made, and for its sundry uses cheaply produced. It
takes up little room on the causeway or other place, is free from danger to
pedestrians, is not easily tampered with by children, and being of comparative
limited capacity prevents an undue accumulation of foul matters in its interior, by
requiring to be periodically cleansed in order to keep it in operation, while it also
gives disconnection and ventilation within the gully to the drainage conductors
emptying into it, and its sides are suited to receive all kinds of paving coming
against it.
The main object of my invention is to meet the difficulty now experienced by
sanitary authorities, and others, in dealing with the drainage, including the roof
water of premises which immediately abut on public causeways, or are in semi-
public situations. In most cases at present such drainage is delivered on to or into
gully or other drain traps fixed in or under the pavement. Those fixed in the
pavement usually have a dished top fitted with a loose grate of earthenware or iron,
which grate is often either broken, displaced, carried away, or stolen, and the
dished top of the gully forms a receptacle for the accumulation of dirt and filth.
If the trap is fixed level,--as it should be to operate properly-on an inclined
causeway, a portion of the edge of the dished top stands above the surface line of
the causeway, against which pedestrians are likely to stumble, or otherwise a portion
of the top edge of the dished top is fixed below the surface line of the causeway,
forming a depression therein which is equally dangerous. A similar depression
exists when such a trap is fixed on level causeways. These methods of fixing traps
have a bad appearance, and are especially objectionable on a public causeway, the
surface of which should be subjected to the least possible interference, and all
When the
unnecessary easements thereon avoided whether of extent or kind.
drainage is delivered on to a trap, it often splashes on to the causeway; to the
annoyance and inconvenience of pedestrians, and nuisances are sometimes caused in
this way, while in frosty weather the causeway is rendered dangerous to the
public.
With the alternative arrangement where the drainage is delivered into the trap,
which is fixed below, and is covered by the pavement; access and ventilation to the
trap is prevented.
In some cases a loose or hinged grate is fitted into the pavement for these
purposes, if loose, it is constantly displaced, or is stolen; unless' cemented down,
and when this is done the grate is made so fast, that it is often broken, or the
pavement must be removed to gain access to the trap. When hinged grates are
used they are usually secured by mechanical means, such as movable catches,
requiring keys to work them, but the hinges and catches get so rusted in a short
time, that even if the key is not misplaced when wanted, they defy all efforts to
move them, and are often broken in the attempt, causing inconvenience and
expense. The disadvantages just enumerated are among others obviated by my
invention.
In order that my invention may be fully understood, it is illustrated on the

page_text: accompanying sheets of drawings, the same being marked with figures, and letters
.of reference, corresponding with those in the following description, like reference
letters indicating like parts in all the figures.
Figures 1 to 10, illustrate the gully-trap and cover made of cast iron.
Fig. 1. is a plan view of the top of the gully, with the cover removed.
Fig. 2. is an horizontal section at the line Y. Z. in Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. is a vertical section on the line V. X. in Fig. 1. viewed from the front of
the gully.
Fig. 4. is a vertical section on the line N. U. in Fig. 1. viewed from the back of
the gully.
Fig. 5. is a vertical section on the line J. K. in Fig. 2.
Fig. 6. shows modification of web W' in Fig. 5.
Fig. 7. is a vertical section in the line B. E. in Fig. 4.
Figs. 8, 9, and 10, are plans of the top of the gully, with the cover in position.
Referring to the drawings Figs. 1; to 10, by letter, I, represents the interior of
the gully portion G, of the apparatus, which is of rectangular, and slightly
diminishing downward box like shape, reduced along the upper portion of one end
as at R, and modified along the lower portion of both ends, as at m by inward
circular curves. The curve R to which the upper portion of the end of the gully
is formed, and which I term herein the "reducing curve," is for the purpose of
reducing the top of gullys of all sizes, to one uniform area of exposed surface to be
used on public causeways. The reducing curve is used at either end of the gully,
making the gully in relation to the reduced upper part of its end, a right, or left
hand, or the reducing curve is used at both ends, or along the front of the gully, or
the curve may be dispensed with altogether, and the gully made of a rectangular or
other form simply. The gully-trap as illustrated in section in Fig. 3, which I term
a right hand, may be fixed with either its back or its unreduced end to the wall A,
, as shown in Figs. 1, and 2, thus giving a choice of two directions at right angles to
each other for the outlet O. The left handed gully gives a similar choice, but with
the outlet in one position in an opposite direction to that of the right hand. The
gully-trap as illustrated in Figs. 1, to 10, is of a size suitable for general require-
ments, and the transverse width from back to front as shown in Figs. 5, and 7, is
what I prefer for all sizes of gullys to be fixed on public causeways, so as to
encroach on the width of the causeway as little as possible.
The larger sized gullys are obtained by extension longitudinally, and vertically,
as shown by the dotted lines d, in Fig. 3, the internal parts being arranged to suit the
diferring sizes of the gullys and their outlets.
I do not confine myself to the modes of extension just described, as the gullys
may be extended transversely, from back to front, if desired, and with or without
the reducing curve being used for that purpose.
A circular outlet O, proceeds from the front of the gully, at right angles in plan
as shown at Figs. 1, and 2, and slanting downward in vertical section as shown in
Figs. 5, and 7, to connect according to the suited sizes of the outlets, with all
corresponding sizes of ordinary drain pipes of whatever material made. The usual
swan neck outlet which is difficult and costly to mould and make, and which is
awkward to connect with drain pipes, and takes up considerable room where used,
is hereby avoided. The roof water is conducted into the gully by a fall pipe F,
of any size or geometrical section, which passes through a corresponding perfora-
tion P, in the flat cover. The circular section of fall pipe is illustrated in
Figs. 8, 9, and 10, as being the form most generally used.
The house or other internal drainage from upper floors, is received from lead
pipes by a cast iron hopper head, fixed at a suitable level in the stack of fall pipes,
or is discharged from upper and lower floors, by lead pipes entering the gully
through circular or slotted holes H, in its back and ends, just below the grated
cover C. The issuing ends of all the drainage conductors are above the trapped
water seal line S, of the gully, and are thus disconnected and ventilated within the
gully, where they are out of the way, and not exposed to mischief. When the

page_text: gully is used for surface water, the water flows through gratings or holes in the cover,
which is dished on the top. The gully-trap is designed as hereinafter described, to
intercept grease passing into it, and to allow of the principle of downward precipita-
tion operating therein with respect to the grosser particles present in the drainage.
To secure these results part of the lower portion of the interior of the gally is
utilized as a chamber, in which grease collects, and other solid matters subside.
The bottom of the gully having curved ends, has no unnecessary internal angles as
lurking places for filth, but favours the passage of the drainage through the gully,
and facilitates its cleansing.
The trap portion of the apparatus consists of a straight and curved web, suspended
transversely in the interior of the gully from three of its sides. The straight.
portion W, of the web, proceeding from, and in continuation of the curved upper
portion R, of the end of the gully, slants downward to a point near the centre of the
greatest length of the gully, from this point the web is by its curved portion W',
continued downward, and takes an involved further course in the lower part of the
gully, forming within the curved portion, and under the straight portion of the web,
a mostly enclosed pipe like channel of differing elliptical section, or sections,
directly communicating with the circular outlet O, and almost centrally situated in
the greatest length of the gully, the periphery of the channel being at a varying
distance from the bottom and each end of the gully.
This varying feature of the channel enables me to make it of several different
formations, by simple modifications in the thickness and disposition of the web
partly surrounding the channel.
The purpose of such formations is to secure in the channel, in conjunction with
the gully outlet; a fall for the drainage passing into them when the gully-trap is
fixed and used either on causeways or other places which are level, on which have
a surface inclination in any direction, or directions, and with the outlet of the gully
discharging in the same direction as the fall of the causeway, or in an opposite
direction to the fall, as shown in Figs. 5, and 7.
One formation of the channel c, is shown in Fig. 5, (and by dotted lines as at c',
and 2, in Fig. 3,) where by thickening inwardly and irregularly along the rear half
of its length from the back to the front of the gully, the web bounding the lower
part of the channel, I make an inclination c¹, along the bottom of the rear half of the
channel, and also a drop for the drainage from the higher rear half c', of the channel,
to the lower front half c², of the channel, and by thickening in the same way, but to
a less extent, the web bounding the lower part of the front half of the channel, I
make a similar inclination c², along the bottom of the front half of the channel.
By placing the circular outlet pipe O, of the gully, lower than the front half of the
channel, I make a further drop for the drainage from the front half ³, of the
channel, on to the bottom of the circular outlet pipe O, which has in its turn
the same inclination as the channel towards the drain.
66
The formation of the channel and outlet as just described, produces what I term
a cascade action" in a gully-trap, the purpose of such action being to accelerate
the flow of drainage through the connected drain, and give a good scour in the
drain. The thickened portion of the web under the rear half of the channel, may
be made hollow to save materials, as shown by the dotted lines within it at Fig. 5.
I am not bound by the formation of the web bounding the lower part of the channel,
as just described, for producing the cascade action, as instead of thickening the web,
as shown in Fig. 5, I can make it of one thickness throughout, and in two parts w¹,
and ², equally divided between the front and the back of the gully, and placed
slantingly at different levels, and connected by an upright portion w³, as shown in
Fig. 6.
With this arrangement of the web, there is outside and along the length of the
channel, and suspended from the lowest slanting portion of the web bounding the
two parts of the channel, a curved tongue T, of the same thickness as the web.
This tongue is connected with the back of the gully, and is of diminishing depth
from the back to the front of the gully, as shown in Fig. 6,-and dips vertically

page_text: into the water held in the gully, to the depth necessary to obtain the required water
seal of the trap, such depth being shown at Fig. 4, where the tongue T, is seen in
section on the line N. U. in Fig. 1.
Another formation of the elliptical channel is shown in Fig. 7, where by a
slanting downward disposition from the back to the front of the gully, of the curved
portion W', of the web bounding the lower part of the entire length of the channel c
I make a rapid inclination along the bottom of the channel for the passage of the
drainage, the same inclination being continued along the bottom of the circular
outlet pipe O, of the gully, thus producing what I term a "defluent action" in a
gully-trap, the purpose of such action being to accelerate the flow of drainage
through the connected drain, and give a good scour in the drain. With this
arrangement of the web, there is outside and along the length of the channel, and
suspended from the lowest slanting part of the web W', bounding the channel, a
curved tongue T, of the same thickness as the web.
This tongue is connected with the back of the gully, and is of diminishing depth
from the back to the front of the gully, as shown in Fig. 7, and dips vertically
into the water held in the gully, to the depth necessary to obtain the required
water seal of the trap, such depth being shown at Fig. 4, where the tongue T, is
seen in section on the line N. Ú. in Fig. 1.
The tongue T, in connection with both the formations shown in Figs. 6, and 7, is
curved vertically with its hollow side towards the receiving by which I mean the
uureduced end of the gully, and the use of the tongue in addition to forming the
seal of the trap, is to catch and retain grease reaching the gully, thus preventing it
passing into the drain. The inclination of the bottom of the channel and outlet,
with both the cascade and defluent actions, is made sufficient to give a fall for the
drainage passing into them when the gully-trap is fixed with its end to the wall,
and its top to agree with the surface line of a causeway having an inclination of as
much as 1 in 6, and with the outlet of the gully discharging in an opposite direction
to the descent of the causeway, as shown in Figs. 5, and 7.
The web W, bounding the channel terminates at a point about half way up in
the interior height of the gully, with an upward and outwardly curled lip L,
between which, and the underside of part of the straight portion W, of the web,
and part of the curved upper portion R, of the end of the gully, exists a slit like
opening e³, extending the whole length of the channel, and forming an entrance
thereto.
+
This arrangement of the web forming the channel with its curled lip termination,
confines, and maintains water in the lower part of the gully, the water having to
pass under the curved web bounding the channel, and rise up to the top of the
curled lip termination of the web, before it can flow out of the gully into the
channel, and thence through the outlet of the gully into the connected drain leading
to the sewer.
The water which is confined in the gulley submerges the enclosed channel to its
entire height, as shown by the dotted line. S. S. in Fig. 3, thus airlocking the open
slit entrance into the channel, and interposing a large water seal against the escape
of gas from the sewer, the gully in this manner being perfectly trapped. The
area of water in the gully exposed to evaporation is very small, and this in con-
junction with the large water seal, reduces the risk of the gully becoming untrapped
by evaporation in dry seasons where receiving rain fall only.
The depth of the water seal when the gully-trap as illustrated in Fig. 3, is fixed
level, is 3 inches, as shown by dotted line S. S. This is an extremely good
and efficient seal, and allows of the gully being fixed out of level longitudinally in
either direction, so that its top may agree with the surface line of causeways having
the greatest reasonable inclination, without impairing the efficiency of the trap, or
interfering with the facility of the connection between the gully outlet and the
drain. When the gully-trap is fixed with its back to the wall on an inclined cause-
way, and with its discharging-by which I mean its reduced-end depressed, for
its top to suit an unusnally rapid fall of 1 in 6, which is a very heavy grade seldom

page_text: adopted or exceeded, the seal of the trap is diminished to a depth of 3 inches, as
shown by the dotted line S. S. in Fig. 4. When the gully-trap is fixed with its.
receiving end depressed, for its top to suit the same fall as before mentioned,
the seal of the trap increased to 4 inches, as shown by dotted line S'S', in:
Fig. 3.
The gully may also be fixed so that its top may agree with both the longitudinal
and transverse surface fall of the causeway. The depth of the seal of the gully-
trap when fixed in the least favourable position, with a fall in the direction of
one of its diagonals in plan, and on a causeway having a surface fall of 1 in 6,
both longitudinally as shown in Fig. 4, and transversely as shown in Figs. 5, and 7,
is in no case less than 2 inches, which is a good and efficient seal. The gully-trap.
acts perfectly in all the positions described, and in all similar positions, and in the
larger sized gullys with larger outlets, the depth of the water seal of the trap, is
increased correspondingly with the increase in the size of the channel, and outlet.
The submerged portion of the outer side of the web forming the trapped channel,
with both the cascade and defluent actions, affords an extended surface to which
grease adheres. The grease received into the gully rises and floats on the surface
of the water, and accumulates at the receiving end of the gully. The grease is
also by the conduced current set up by the passage of the drainage through the
gully, drawn around and becoming chilled, clings to the outer surface of the web.
The curled lip termination of the web further prevents grease passing from the
gully into the channel, and drain, by the induced current which is set up within
the gully by the curled lip, the grease and grosser particles present in the drainage.
being thereby thrown back into the gully, and the grease becoming chilled and
coating the outer surface of the web is retained in the gully, while other solid
matters settle at the bottom of the gully. The curved tongue as hereinbefore
described, also serves to intercept grease passing into the gully, and the whole
process causes the drainage to become clarified before leaving the gully, and keeps
the drain free from deposit.
The cover C, of the gully-trap which I prefer made of cast iron,-especially for
use on causeways:-fits inside the top edges of the gully, where it rests on a
seating s, formed all round the gully, and the cover being loose is removable. It
is made flat for use on causeways, and grated or holed at one end for ventilating
the interior of the gully, and has at the other end a perforation P, of a circular or
other regular form, and of a diminishing downward concave section. This
perforation which is placed at either end of the gulley, as shown in Figs. 8, and 9,
receives and secures the bottom end of an ordinary cast iron fall pipe, of any
corresponding size and section to the perforation, and the enlarged form of the
perforation at the top of the cover, permits of the fixing, or replacing if damaged,
of the lowest length of fall pipe without interfering with either the gully or cover.
The replacing of the lowest length of fall pipe is effected by lowering its bottorn
end into the gully-
-as shown by dotted lines, in Fig. 3, 4, 5 and 7, sufficient to
unsocket it from the next length above it, and then by slipping the top end of the
length of pipe to be removed, on one side, it is made free, and may be lifted out of
the perforation in the cover and removed.
The contrary process to the above is followed in fixing the new length of pipe.
The enlarged form of the top part of the perforation, also admits of the top of the
gully being fixed level, or inclined, in any direction, to suit any surface inclination
of causeway, the perforation still receiving the end of the fall pipe without
difficulty, as shown in Figs. 3. 4. 5. and 7. By filing away the sharp arris
around its lower part, the perforation is enlarged to suit any little irregularity
in the size or section of the fall pipe to be used.
The cover is secured against mischievous displacement or thievish removal
without mechanical means, by a dovetailed arrangement of the ends of the cover,
and the inside of the top edges of the ends of the gully, as shown at D. Fig. +
This arrangement when the cover is in its proper position, leaves a small
unoccupied space along one end of the cover, between the cover and the top.

page_text: edge of one end of the gully, and requiring a small joint of mortar M, Figs. 3,
and 8, to be pressed into the space to secure the cover, while by chipping out
the mortar joint, the cover is made loose, and is easily removed when necessary to
obtain access to the gully, and is as easily replaced. The top of the cover is of
rectangular shape, with one back corner forming a quadrant Q, which fits a corre-
sponding curve formed to receive it at one back corner of the gully. The edge of
the cover around the quadrant corner, is eased off from the full dovetailed section
at the end, as shown in Figs. 3, and 4, to the nearly square section at the side, as
shown in Figs. 5, and 7.
When the cover has been lifted just clear of the top edge of the gully, this
quadrant corner admits of the cover being slewed round on the fall pipe, the
quadrant corner moving round between the fall pipe and the wall;-to a position
at right angles to its proper position, making an opening into the gully through
which access is gained to every part of it likely to require cleansing, and as shown
by dotted lines d, in Figs. 8, 9, and 10. The gully is moreover cleansed without
withdrawing the water seal.
Access may also be obtained to the gully,—especially if it is fixed in an internal
angle formed by two walls,-by sliding the cover up the fall pipe, where it will
remain suspended on the fall pipe by the force of its own weight.
The perforation, and the quadrant corner, are preferably placed at the reduced
end of the gully, as shown in Fig. 8, but I do not confine myself to this position,
and they are also placed at the other end of the gully, and when this is done as
shown in Fig. 9, the gully may be turned round, and fixed with its unreduced end
to the wall A, as shown in Fig. 10, instead of its back. The perforation in the
cover with the gully in this latter position, receives the fall pipe in the same
manner, and gives the same case of access to the gully as before described. When
the end of the gully is fixed against the wall, the top of the gully stands a little
more forward on the width of the causeway than when fixed with its back to the
wall, and the holes to receive the internal drainage conductors are made in the end
of the gully, -as shown by dotted lines H, in Figs. 5, and 7,-as well as in the back.
The cover is made with its top flat when the gully is used on causeways, or dished
from all sides when used to receive surface water, as for yards, the paving p. being
inclined towards the gully. It is also made hollow in the direction of its width,
when the gully is used for channel drainage, as for stables, carriage drives, or
street channels, the ends of the gully being suited to the form of the cover.
flat cover is made square without the quadrant corner, and grated or holed through-
out, when used on causeways, or elsewhere, for other purposes than fall pipes, and
the dished or hollow cover is grated or holed throughout, when the gully is used
for channel, or surface drainage.
The
The cover is made solid throughout when ventilation to the gully is not required.
The gully trap, and cover, are modified in various ways to adapt them for their
several uses.
A modification of the gully trap, and cover, is shown in Figs. 11, to 15, which
illustrate the gully made of earthenware, with a cast iron cover.
Figs. 11, 12, and 13 are plans of the top of the gully.
Fig. 14, is a vertical section on the line V, X, in Fig. 11.
Fig. 15, is a vertical section on the line J, K, in Fig. 11.
I do not confine myself to the rectangular shape of the gully as illustrated in
Figs. 1, to 10, as I can make the gully square, or nearly square, as shown in
Fig. 11, or polygonal, circular, or any other geometrical shape in plan, and with
its bottom semispherical, or of any other curved shape in section, or otherwise
entirely flat, as shown in Figs. 14, and 15.
In making the smallest sized gullys for restricted purposes,-as for a small fall
pipe, or sink waste only,-I can dispense with the reducing curve, and make the
gully of a square, or other simple form in plan, and section, as shown in Figs. 11,
to 15, the top of the gully being of the limited size shown in Fig. 11, or any other
desired size, either for causeways, or elsewhere. I am not bound planwise by the

page_text: direction of the outlet O, proceeding from, or the direction of the channel c,
within the gully, as shown in Fig. 2, as I can place the outlet in conjunction with
the channel, in a longitudinal direction, or at any angle in relation to the various
shaped gullys. I can also vary the elliptical section of the channel c, placing its
longest diameter in a vertical, or almost vertical direction, as shown in Fig. 14,
instead of horizontal, as shown in Fig. 3, and if the gully-trap is not used for
grease, I dispense with the curled lip Las shown in Fig. 3, and form the termina-
tion of the web as shown in Fig. 14. Neither am I bound by the formations of
the channel c, as shown in Figs. 2, to 7, as I can make the channel of one section
throughout from the back to the front of the gully, as shown at c, in Figs. 14,
and 15, producing what I term a "simple action in a gully-trap. This form of
the channel is adapted for use in the gully-traps fixed in all positions, except
where the direction of the outlet of the gully, is opposed to the descent of a surface
with which the top of the gully is fixed to agree.
I do not confine myself to the form of the cover as shown in Figs. 3, 4, and 8,
as I can make the perforation for the fall pipe of a diminishing upward section as
shown in Fig. 15,-instead of a diminishing downward section as shown in Fig. 3,-
for the same purposes as
hereinbefore described, or I can make the perforation-in
the thickness of the cover of a square form simply. In some situations I dispense
with the perforation in the cover, and make one end of the cover solid for the fall
pipe and sink waste to deliver on to, thus giving entire disconnection of the
drainage conductors from the interior of the gully, and in this case, the cover is
made with a tray formed above and in combination with it, for the drainage to
deliver into. This form of the cover is shown in section in Fig. 14. I do not
confine myself to the dovetailed arrangement, and mortar joint, for securing the
cover, as shown in Figs. 3, and 8, as for unexposed situations I make the ends of
the gully, and the cover in its thickness, of a square form simply, as shown in
Fig. 14, and dispense with the mortar joint. The seatings for the cover are also
omitted on the two sides of the gully, as shown in section, in Fig. 15.
I am not bound by the form of the top of the cover with the single quadrant
corner, as shown in Fig. 8, as when the gully is made of a square form simply, and
without the reducing curve, I prefer to make the top of the gully, and the cover,
with two-diagonally opposite-quadrant corners, Q, as shown in Fig. 11, which
enables me to reverse the ends of the cover in the top of the gully to receive the
fall pipe, and also to fix the gully so that three of its sides may alternately be
placed against the wall A, as shown in Figs. 11, 12; and 13, thus giving a triple
choice for the direction of the outlet O, either at right angles to the wall, or to the
left or right in the same direction as the length of the wall, and also giving as
shown by dotted lines d, in Figs. 11, 12, and 13, the required access to the gully.
With this form of the cover, I can also utilize the dovetailed arrangement, and
mortar joint, for securing the cover, if required.
A second modification of the gully-trap, made of earthenware, with a cast iron
cover, is shown in Figs. 16, 17, and 18, which illustrate the gully and cover of an
octagon form in plan.
Fig. 16, is a plan of the top of the gully and cover.
Fig 17, is a part vertical section on the line Y. Z. in Fig. 16.
Fig. 18, is a part vertical section on the line V. X. in Fig. 16.
This form of the gully permits of five of its sides being fixed alternately to the
wall A, giving a choice of five directions for the outlet O, to connect with the
drains, the four extra directions being shown by dotted lines d, in Fig. 16.
The dovetailed arrangement, and mortar joint, for securing the cover, are here
utilized. The inner side of the top edge of the gully is made of a dovetailed form
all round the gully, as shown in section, in Fig. 17, while two opposite sides only
of the cover, are made of the full dovetailed form, as shown in section in Fig. 17.
The two other sides of the cover which are at right angles to the dovetailed sides
just described are of a square form, as shown in section, in Fig. 18, while the
B

page_text: a
4 intervening and diagonally situated sides of the cover, are eased off from the
dovetailed section at the dovetailed sides, to the square section at the square sides.
This arrangement of the gully and cover, enables me to fix the gully with either
of its 5 available sides to the wall, and also to place the cover within the top of
the gully in the proper position for receiving the fall pipe fixed to the wall, this
position being illustrated at F, in Fig. 16. Any particular side of the cover may
be placed against any of the 8 sides of the gully, leaving a variable space along
3 sides of the cover, as shown in Fig. 16, to be occupied by the mortar joint
for securing the cover, which may thus be fixed and secured within the gully
in 8 different positions. The holes for the internal drainage conductors are placed
in all the 5 sides of the gully likely to be fixed against the wall.
A third modification of the gully made of earthenware, with a cast iron cover,
is shown in Figs. 17, 18, and 19, which illustrate the gully and cover of a circular
form in plan.
Fig. 19, is a plan of the top of the gully and cover.
Fig. 17, is a part vertical section on the line Y. Z. in Fig. 19.
Fig. 18, is a part vertical section on the line V. X. in Fig. 19.
This form of the gully permits of it being fixed against the wall A, and with
its outlet O, pointing in any direction within the limits of a semicircle, to connect
with drains, in a similar manner to that shown by dotted lines d, in Fig. 16.
The dovetailed arrangement, and mortar joint, for securing the cover, are here
utilized.
The inner side of the top edge of the gully is made of a dovetailed form all
round the gully, as shown in section, in Fig. 17. The edge of the cover is made
of the full dovetailed form shown in section in Fig. 17, at the two extremities of
one of its diameters, while at the extremities of its other diameter, crossing the
first named diameter at right angles, the edge of the cover is made of the square
form shown in section at Fig. 18. The intervening portions of the edge of the
cover, between the extremities of the two diameters, are gradually cased off from
the full dovetailed section, shown in Fig. 17, to the square section shown in Fig. 18.
This arrangement of the gully, and cover, enables me to fix the gully with its back,
or any other point in the rear half of its circumference, against the wall, and also
to place the cover within the top of the gully, in the proper position to receive the
fall pipe fixed to the wall, this position being illustrated at F, Fig. 19. The cover
will revolve entirely within the top edge of the gully, to the proper position to
receive the fall pipe, and a variable space is left around half the circumference of
the cover, as shown in Fig. 19, to be occupied by the mortar joint M, for securing
the cover, which may thus be fixed, and secured wherever required. The holes
for the internal drainage conductors are placed at intervals in the rear half of the
gully.
A fourth modification of the gully, and cover, made of cast iron for street
purposes, is shown at Figs. 20, and 21.
Fig. 20, is a plan of the gully showing part of the top with the cover in
position, and part of the interior, the view being taken in the line V. X. in
Fig. 21.
Fig. 21, is a vertical section on the line Y. Z. in Fig. 20.
In this form of the gully the reducing curve R, is utilized along its front, and
the channel, and outlet O, are placed in relation to the plan of the gully in a
longitudinal direction. The construction of the channel c, as illustrated in Figs. 20,
and 21, is for the "defluent action," with the curved tongue T, for securing the
depth of the water seal of the trap. The outlet shown by dotted lines d, in Fig. 21,
is of 6 inches diameter, and the depth of the water seal when the gully is fixed
level, is 6 inches, and when fixed for its top to agree with an inclination of 1 in 6,
the depth of the seal is 3 inches. The curled lip, and the dovetailed arrangement
of the gully, and cover, are here omitted as unnecessary. The top of the cover is
shown in Fig. 21, of a hollow section in its width, suitable for street channels,
and the ends of the gully are made to suit the hollow cover. With this form of

page_text: gully, a dirt box, and hopper grate, as shown by dotted lines within Fig. 21, may
be used for collecting detritus.
I utilize variously, and singly or combined, in connection with gully traps, all
the features of the gully trap, and cover, as herein described, and illustrated, for
the purposes set forth.
As far as the dovetailed arrangement of the gully and cover, for securing the
cover, is concerned. I do not confine myself to this particular application of my
invention, as I can use it for securing the covers of ventilating grates of all
descriptions, also stop cock boxes for gas, and water services, and telegraph, tele-
phone, or other box covers, and for other similar purposes, whether fixed in an
horizontal vertical, or inclined position.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The design, arrangement, construction, and use, of the gully-trap and cover,
substantially as described and illustrated herein, for the purposes set forth.
2. The peculiar combined construction, and use, of the gully, trap, and cover,
for fixing on causeways to receive fall pipes, and preventing the escape of gas
from, and grease to the sewer, substantially as described, and illustrated herein.
3. The "reducing curve,' for reducing the top of gullys, substantially as
described and illustrated herein.
زد
4. The construction of the trapped channel in conjunction with the outlet, for
producing in a gully-trap the "cascade action," substantially as described and
illustrated herein, for the purposes set forth.
5. The construction of the trapped channel in conjunction with the outlet, for
producing in a gully-trap the "defluent action," substantially as described and
illustrated herein, for the purposes set forth.
6. The construction of the trapped channel in conjunction with the outlet, for
producing in a gully-trap the " simple action," substantially as described and
illustrated herein, for the purposes set forth.
7. The curled lip, for intercepting grease, substantially as described and illustrated
herein.
8. The curved tongue, for intercepting grease, and for forming the seal of the
trap, substantially as described and illustrated herein.
9. The form of the perforation in the cover, for receiving fall pipes, substantially
as described and illustrated herein.
10. The dovetailed construction of the gully and cover, in combination with the
mortar joint, for securing the cover, substantially as described and illustrated
herein.
11. The quadrant corner on the gully and cover, substantially as described and
illustrated herein, for the purposes set forth.
Dated this Eighth day of February 1892.
EDWD. A.
A. GREEN.