Year: 1899

page_text: We, ANIELLO SAVARESE, of 7, Cité Gaillard, Paris, France, Gentleman, and
JOSEPH DENIS CYPRIEN CHATEAU, of 148, Rue Montmartre, Paris, France,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The composing machine which is the subject of the present invention utilises
one of the fundamental principles set forth in a prior Patent No. 10349 of 1894,
namely the fall of the types or characters in the form of cavaliers piled up in the
compartments of a magazine on an inclined rule, the said types sliding along this
rule by reason of their weight and being thus directed to the line-forming and
line-separating apparatus furnished with mushroom rails serving to fix the
types.
The working of the present machine forming the subject of this invention was
also based on the use of a key allowing entire words to be composed or set-up
by the simultaneous manipulation of the keys. This manipulation although
possible, necessitates very long practice on the machine and necessitates the use
employment of special operators or compositors who are very highly paid. It
is therefore advantageous to be able to entrust the manipulation of the machine
to any ordinary operator; but in spite of the fact that in the above-mentioned
patent it was foreseen that the composing or setting up could be effected by the
successive manipulation of the keys of the key-board, this operation cannot be
carried out in practice with the desired rapidity for the following reason.
When two keys of the key-board are depressed successively, the corresponding
types both fall upon the same rule; the result is that if the first type struck
corresponds with a compartment of the fount or magazine situated higher up
on the rule than the second, it may so happen that the type struck as second,
will fall on the rule before the first has time to slide lower than the compartment
corresponding with this second type; assuming this to be true, which actually
is the case when a certain rapidity of fingering is attained, there is produced
either an interversion of the type when the first still remains above the compart-
ment of the second, or a meeting or fouling when the first type just passes under-
neath the compartment of the second at the time of the fall of this latter.
We have therefore been led to cause each type or character to fall upon a
separate rule, so as to leave to each one time for descending to the bottom of the
rule where it is temporarily retained by a screen or fence. The types are after-
wards all united or collected upon a single rule in the order of their descent upon
the separate rules.
For this purpose we have replaced the inclined fixed rule in the former patent_
by a series of equidistant inclined rules movable under the magazine, in such a
manner that the manipulation of each key produces on the one hand the fall or.
descent of a type and on the other hand a substitution of the rules under the.
magazine. This series of rules is combined with a fixed rule placed opposite.
the base of the movable rules, at a certain distance from the plane of the magazine.

page_text: the types being maintained at the base of the movable rules up to the fixed rule
by a screen or fence and all passing in succession in the order of their descent
upon the said fixed rule, at the moment when they arrive at the end of the fence.
This series of rules may be arranged around the periphery of an inclined cylinder
receiving at each manipulation of the key board, a rotatory movement to an extent
corresponding with the separation of two consecutive rules. They can also be
carried by a carriage having an intermittent advancing motion and a rapid return
motion; again, they might be arranged in the form of an endless apron receiving
an intermittent motion, or in any other suitable manner.
Whatever this arrangement may be, the types being classified upon separate-
rules having, consequently always to descend the whole length of these rules
before being reunited on the single rule, it will be perceived that the rapidity
of the manipulation of the machine is only limited by the speed of the typist
or compositor.
Although the machine so constructed is principally adapted to successive
manipulation, it is clear that in certain cases we may cause to simultaneously
fall or descend upon the same rule several letters, when their compartments are
placed in the order of the composing. We have combined with the machine
whose principle has just been set forth, an automatic arrangement for forming
and separating the lines, which without being absolutely indispensable, advan-
tageously completes the machine, as will be hereafter explained.
The machine comprises a framework consisting of uprights and a set of cross-
pieces, these parts forming the skeleton. The horizontal cross-pieces support
the key-board which may be of any suitable form and arrangement. In the
present example we have adopted the key-board of the Remington typewriter.
Between the vertical uprights of the framework is mounted the rule-cylinder
whose spindle enters bearings or supports fixed to the framework; a screw pass-
ing through the upright of the framework serves as a regulable abutment for
the lower spindle of the cylinder in its support.
This cylinder is formed of a suitable metallic skeleton in which is maintained
a series of equidistant rules arranged radially on the generatrices of the cylinder.
These rules are formed preferably of plate springs suitably held along the
cylinder. Opposite the lower part of the rule-cylinder is arranged a fixed screen
or fence faced with lead, and carried by the framework. This faced fence or
screen is situated across a certain number of rules of the cylinder slightly above
this so as to stop the types by the head. It extends across the space formed
between the magazine and a fixed rule intended to collect all the type so as to
form, the line as will be hereafter explained..
The upper spindle of the cylinder is furnished with a bevel pinion engaging
a bevel wheel keyed on a shaft subject to the action of motive. power,. tending to
constantly turn it in the same direction. In the present example, this force
is assumed to be simply, a weight supported, by a cord winding on a drum whose
shaft engages the shaft. of the bevel-wheel by means of, preferably four, gear-
wheels, intended to retard the fall of the weight. It is evident that the weight
may be replaced by a barrel-spring. or any other motive power.
In order that, this constant force may effect the rotation of the cylinder only
intermittently, we have designed the following arrangement.
The bottom end of the cylinder is solid with a ratchet-tooth crown wheel
engaged by a double pawl escapement altogether similar to that used for the.
advance of the carriage in a Remington typewriter.
This escapement is carried by a shaft receiving an angular oscillating motion,
each time that any one of the keys of the key-board is depressed, as will be pre-
sently explained.
It consists as usual of two pawls, one of which is fixed and the other is spring-
pressed both are jointed in the ordinary manner to any convenient support. A
recall spring brings back the escapement.into its normal position as soon as the
key of the key-board is freed..

page_text: This escapement plays exactly the same part as in its application to a type-
writing machine for the intermittent advance of the carriage. When one of the
keys is depressed, the fixed pawl simply takes the place of the movable pawl
under the corresponding tooth of the ratchet crown-wheel; this latter is driven
outwardly by its spring, but the cylinder remains immovable. It is only when
the key is quite freed that the fixed pawl escapes and the cylinder, actuated by
the aforesaid weight, turns until the movable pawl meets its abutment, i.e.
turns for a space equal to the distance between two consecutive rules.
A spring-pressed pawl engaging a ratchet wheel also located at the bottom of
the cylinder, maintains the latter in its last position opposing any rearward
movement which may result from its sudden stop.
Opposite one of the cylinder-rules there deliver the magazine tubes wherein
the types are located.
The magazine which is supported in any convenient manner by the framework
is composed of a series of juxtaposed bars of U-section. These bars are cut
standing parallel to the axis of the cylinder in such a manner as to level or
make even the rules of the cylinder which pass beneath them. They form a
series of channels, closed at their forward part by a plate which only descends to
the base of the bar so as to form a free space for the disengagement of the type
when the latter is carried along by the rotation of the cylinder. The types are
located in the space thus formed in each compartment of the magazine, the free
section of the tube varying in size according to the nature of the letter. A part
of this plate might be of glass so as to allow the contents of the compartments to
be easily ascertained. The magazine is situated in a plane on the axis of the
cylinder; this plane is preferably inclined in the opposite direction to the motion
of the cylinder but it may, however, be vertical. Each compartment is fur-
nished at its lower part with a special ("double-hooked") escapement arrange-
ment allowing the corresponding type to fall, when a particular key of the key-
board is depressed upon the rule of the cylinder, which is at this moment opposite
all the openings of the magazine.
Each portion of this arrangement consists of an arm furnished at the base with
knife-edged hooks, nippers or teeth entering a lower portion of each compartment
of the magazine through holes formed in the lateral walls of this latter. This
arm is fixed to the end of a shaft journaled partly within the magazine and
partly within the framework. At the other end of the shaft is fixed a plate
furnished with a lateral fork and a hook serving to fix a recall spring the other
end of which is fixed to the framework by a hook. These parts are grouped two
and two, in such a manner that the forks are placed opposite one another and the
escapements enter two adjoining compartments of the magazine. This group-
ing in pairs allows the fall as desired, on depressing the same key of the key-
board of either a small letter or the corresponding capital letter which are
respectively located in the two adjoining compartments of the magazine. In
the forks pass the draw-wires the lower extremity of each of them being con-
nected with a flexible plate or rod fixed augularly to the type-lever of the corre-
sponding key of the key-board. The upper end of the draw-wire is fixed to a
recall spring whese end is attached to an angle-bar or angle-piece parallel to the
axis of the rule cylinder. This wire is preferably formed in two parts connected
together by a ring-nut or screwed socket serving to draw down the one or other.
of the forks. The wires are arranged in the manner of a quincunx so as to be
free in their movement and all cross at the top of the forks; but these wires are
independent one of another and they each correspond with a pair of forks placed
opposite one another.
When one of the draw-wires acts upon one or the other fork, the escapement-
lever oscillates to one side in such a manner that the upper knife-edged hook,
nipper or tooth enters the nick or slot in the last type but one, whilst the lower
tooth or nipper leaves the last type which falls upon the cylinder rule, thus
separating from the column of types supported, by the upper tooth or nipper.

page_text: When the wire leaves the fork, the oscillation of the escapement lever takes place
in the opposite direction, the upper nipper leaves the lower type-and-the-whole
column of type then falls upon the lower tooth which has then reached.its position
for supporting the column.
The movements of the angle-bar or angle-piece' and of the draw-wires which
are fixed thereto; are obtained by means of the following arrangement.
The angle-piece is supported at its ends by two arms jointed to the frame of
the machine and is thus capable of receiving an oscillating motion-between
two abutments or set-screws formed by screws mounted on the frame-work, and
allowing the extent of the oscillation to be regulated. The angle-bar is pro-
vided with a lug to which is jointed a wire whose other end is connected with
one of the arms of a bell-crank lever whose axis of rotation is upon an arm
carried by a cross-piece of the framework. To the other arm of the bell-crank
lever is attached a draw-wire connected in the same manner as the other to a
special key of the key-board. A recall spring attached at one of its ends to the
angle-bar and at its other end to another bell-crank lever fixed to the framework
serves to bring back the angle-bar to its normal position. In such position the
ring-nuts of the wires are opposite the forks of the escapements corresponding
with the small letters. When the angle-bar is pushed back to its alternate
position, these ring-nuts are opposite the forks corresponding with the capitals.
The key-board which serves to produce by the intermediary of draw-wires,
first the escapement motion of the types from the magazine on the cylinder rule,
and secondly the intermittent motion of the cylinder, and finally the motion of
the angle-bar for the fall of the capitals, quite resembles, as has already been
stated, the key-board of a Remington typewriter. It comprises, in fact, three
classes of keys, namely; the keys upon which are inscribed the different letters
of the alphabet, figures, punctuation marks, etc., a longitudinal space-bar acces-
sible at all parts of the keyboard and serving preferably to cause to fall the spaces
(between consecutive words) and the special key serving for the setting-up of
the capitals (shift-key)..
.
The type-levers carrying the various keys and the space-bar are pivoted-upon
a common axis and rest freely on a cross-piece supported at its ends by rods
jointed on the same common axis before mentioned. These rods are connected
by wires to arms mounted on an axis held in supports. One of the arms is con-
nected in its turn by a wire to a lever solid with the shaft carrying the double-
pawl escapement mentioned above,
The result of this arrangement is that when any one of the keys or the space-
bar is depressed, the cross-piece is lowered at the same time, and thus the advance
of the cylinder is effected each time the depressed key is released. As for the
special key (shift-key) it is independent of the cross piece and serves solely to
move the angle-bar without having any effect upon the cylinder. This displace-
ment serves, as has been said, to transmit the movement of the keys to the com-
partments of the capitals. It might also be combined with the action of the
space bar so as to cause the line-cutters to fall, as will be presently explained.
The separation of the type-levers is rendered constant by pegs or pins carried
on cross-pieces of the key-board forming a dividing comb.
The working of this combination of mechanism is the following. When any
one of the keys of the key-board is depressed, the movement of this key is simul-
taneously transmitted to two sets of working parts.
(a) By means of the draw wire carrying the ring-nut the depression of the
corresponding fork is effected and, consequently, the angular movement in one
direction of the escapement lever. The lower type of the column of types located
in the corresponding compartment of the magazine then falls astride the rule
which at this moment is located opposite the line of the magazines. It then
occupies a certain position in which it is maintained by the lateral flange of the
compartment which it is assumed is located at the left of the type. This flange
which levels or evens the rule forms a fence, screen or guard and prevents the

page_text: type from sliding under the influence of its weight, so that the rule remains in
this position.
(b) The type lever of the depressed key draws with it the cross piece of the
-key-board which by the intermediary of the transmission of the described levers
-and wires imparts an angular movement to the shaft of the double-pawl escape-
ment arrangement, determining the intermittent advance of the cylinder. Never-
theless the effect produced by the depression of the key is only that of substitut-
ing a fixed pawl for a movable pawl against the same tooth of the ratchet; but
the cylinder remains immovable.
.
(
}
When the depressed key is freed, the two following effects are produced.
(a). The recall spring, to which is attached the end of the draw wire brings
back this latter upwardly so that it leaves the fork, which under the influence
of a spring is brought back to its normal position. The escapement lever
oscillates in the opposite direction which, as already explained, causes the descent
of the column of types until meeting, the lower nipper or tooth which stops the
said column slightly above the type which has previously fallen.
"I
(b). At the same time the recall spring of the escapement arrangement brings
this back to its normal position, the fixed pawl escapes, and the, cylinder' turns
until stopped by the abutment of the movable pawl; that is to say, it springs
forward sharply to an extent equal to the separation of, or the space between,
two consecutive rules. This partial rotation of the cylinder has, had for effect
the advance of the rule which has received the type out of contact with the
magazine and to substitute under the magazine with this rule,, a rule free from
all type.
The result is that the type finding itself disengaged from a double-hooked
device formed in the base of the magazine, slides freely along, the rule which
has received it until it meets a lower nut and until the cylinder is ready to
receive another type on an independent rule.
C
The working which has just been described, is repeated under exactly the same
or similar conditions each time one of the keys of the key-board is depressed..
Thus on depressing a second key, a type falls on the rule which has replaced
the preceding one under the magazines, the cylinder remaining immovable.
On freeing the key, the cylinder at once jumps forward a fraction of a turn, as
has been said; the new type is freed from the magazine and slides in its turn
along the corresponding rule, unto the lower nut where it occupies the position
of the last type set astride the rule; but the rule carrying the type which fell
in the first place, has itself advanced by the same fraction of a turn, so that the
first type has reached the position which may be termed last but one.
The manipulation of a third type determines the advance of the first type from
last-but-one to last-but-two, and of the second from last to last but one, a new
type slipping into the vacant position.
The same results are obtained when the other keys of the key-board, are
depressed and released; but since at each manipulation a different rule comes
opposite the plane of the magazines the types slide each into a special rule.
(unless several keys are depressed simultaneously, as will be hereafter explained).
The types all abut against the lower fence until the cylinder has rotated to
an extent sufficient for the first type which has fallen, to pass the end of this
.screen. This type then commences to slide and passes over the single rule
which is arranged in this place in a prolongation of the cylinder rule: This
result is also repeated each time that a key of the key-board is acted upon, so that
all the types which were temporarily stopped along the screen on separated rules
pass successively over this single rule in the order following which they fell on
the cylinder-rules.
The fixed rule may be furnished at its upper part with a mushroom-shaped
piece for retaining the types which are set or threaded on it: nevertheless, -its-
end is thinned down so as to give every facility of entrance to the types. This
end may, besides, be composed of a flexible plate of which the position can be

page_text: exactly regulated opposite the rule corresponding with the cylinder by means
of a screw device. We may also place behind this fixed rule a mirror or reflector
in which the operator can verify his composing, corrected by reflection.
The inclination of the magazine behind the vertical plane of the axis of the
cylinder presents in the vertical position several advantages of which the follow-
ing are the principal.
The types rest against the bottom of the U-shaped bar of each compartment so
that the one which is released by the escapement is guided in the small distance
over which it has to travel, up to the rule; it reaches that therefore in the desired
position. Besides, the light adherence which it presents to the bottom of the U
-on which-it-has-just slipped prevents it from rebounding and coming off the rail.
Another advantage of this inclination is that of allowing the types to fall on
the rule of the cylinder before this reaches the vertical plane of the axis. The
fence is thus brought back rearward and ends approximately opposite this ver-
tical plane. The types are then able to leave the cylinder and thread or fit
themselves upon the fixed rule, under the best conditions of equilibrium.
This inclination of the magazine, further, allows the lengthening of the fence
which, as will be seen further on, is indispensable when it is wished to retard
the slipping of the types on to the cylinder.
It is nevertheless understood that we may place the magazine vertically in the
plane of the axis of the cylinder. The part or rôle of the lower fence is also
very important. It must be of sufficient length to give the types time to descend
to the base of the cylinder before arriving opposite the fixed rule. It is impor-
tant that the types should slip along the cylinder as slowly as possible, to avoid
their obtaining too great momentum and also any tendency to jump. In this
order of ideas, we may interpose on the length of the cylinder, intermediary
fences. In this case, the type which is falling into position is, at the first rota-
tion of the cylinder, stopped by the first intermediate fence and at the second by
the second intermediate fence, and at the third it reaches the lowermost fence.
This fractional descent in periods interrupted by stoppages prevents the type
acquiring a prejudicial acceleration of speed. The inclination of the magazine
rearward of the vertical axial plane of the cylinder is favourable to this construc-
tion, since, as stated above, it enables the fence to be lengthened.
The lower fence (and in case of such, the intermediary fences) should pre-
ferably be inclined for the type which abuts against it immediately acquires its
inclination by coinciding upon the rule which impedes or lessens its tendency to
rebound.
This rebounding is still further lessened by the facing of lead applied to the
back of the fence; the lead being an anti-vibrating metal nullifies the vibrations
imparted to the fence by the shock from the type and this latter does not receive
the counter-blow.
The types which are threaded in the desired order on the single rule should be
divided into groups of a length corresponding approximately with the justifica-
tion, and for this purpose, we may employ the arrangement which will now be
described, which effects this operation automatically and allows this length
of time to be varied as desired.
The rule passes over lever whose summit comprises two hooks leaving a free
space sufficient to allow, in no matter what position, the passage of the ordinary
type which come astride the rule across the hooks.
This lever is mounted on a shaft journaled in a support and it is solid with a
perpendicular lever of which one arm terminates in a fork traversed by a rod
oscillating on a shaft, the end of the rod carrying a hammer striking a gong
mounted on the framework of the machine. The end of the other arm of the
perpendicular lever is attached to a recall-spring and is connected by a wire with
the arm of a shaft supported parallel to the cylinder behind the magazine. This
shaft carries at its other end a second arm connected by a wire with an arm

page_text: solid with a shaft mounted loosely in a chase or frame which supports the drum
on which is wound the cord of the weight imparting motion to the machine.
The last-mentioned shaft carries an index or finger capable of sliding longitu-
dinally on a keyway on this shaft, which renders it solid with the latter in the
direction of rotation.
Parallel to the same shaft is mounted another shaft carrying a bevel-wheel con-
trolling the rotation of the cylinder; this shaft carries a lantern-wheel formed
of a series of discs each furnished with pegs which are all equidistant from the
axis of its shaft. Each of these discs carries on the same circumference a number
of equidistant pegs or pins, this number varying progressively from one disc to
the next. The index or finger may be placed opposite the pegs of any one what-
ever, according to the length of the line to be obtained, as will presently be
described.
In order to effect the working of this arrangement, we make use of a special
type termed "line-cutter" the height of which is increased by the addition thereto
of horns or points, or by any other super-elevation.
This type is furnished from a compartment of the magazine corresponding with
a key of the key-board or the space-key. At the commencement of the mani-
pulation of the machine, we begin by causing a line-cutter type to fall, which
after having passed through all the stages or phases of the stroke of a type,
threads itself upon a rule of the cylinder and slides until the points or horns
meet the first hook of the special double-hooked lever. The types which fall
after the "line-cutter" are stopped by the latter until the cylinder has passed
through an angle sufficient for one of the pegs of the disc opposite which the
index finger has been placed, to raise this finger, the angular movement of this
latter being transmitted by the intermediary of different connections of working
parts to the double-hooked lever which inclines itself from right to left in such a
manner that the "line-cutter" escapes the left-hand hook and slides with the
types which follow it until it meets with the right-hand hook by which it finds
itself again stopped.
1L
The cylinder continuing to turn, the index or sliding finger escapes the peg
which has raised it and falls back which allows it to return to its first position
of the double-hooked lever under the influence of the recall-spring. In conse-
quence of this motion the double-hooked lever leaves in its turn the "line-cutter"
which is then free to slide on the rule with all the type which bear upon it, which
pass freely under the double-hooked lever.
i
T
In the second movement of the lever, a rod drawn by a bell-crank lever throws
forward the hammer against the gong and the operator is thus warned that he
must cause a new line-cutter to fall on the cylinder. This working is thus repeated
indefinitely. The series of types being thus divided in lines, the latter are led
successively on a series of rails mounted on a carriage which advances auto-
matically for a space equal to the space between two consecutive rails, at each
movement of the double-hooked lever.
This carriage is formed of a framework capable of sliding or travelling on a
plate to which it is connected by a dove-tail joint.
+ I
The plate is supported on the framework by the intermediary of several
brackets. The carriage is subjected to the constant action of a counterweight
carried by a cord attached to the carriage and passing over a pulley. The upper
flanges of the chase or frame comprise a series of equidistant nicks or grooves for
the lodging of the rails. One of these flanges is super-raised by an abutment
plate which has for purpose to stop the types. The lower part of the other flange
is driven by a rack with which there engages a double-pawl escapement iden-
tical with that which controls the cylinder previously described.
This escape-
ment is mounted on the shaft which actuates the hammer of-the-gong.
At the first movement of the double-hooked lever the carriage advances in such
a manner as to present an empty rail opposite the rule, and the second movement

page_text: (which acts on the gong) produces a simple substitution of the movable pawl for
the fixed pawl in the escapement without moving the carriage. It is in this
second movement that the line-cutter escapes the right-hand hook of the double-
hooked lever and that the row of types which follows it, slides freely in such a
manner as to occupy the free rail of the carriage which has been brought back
opposite the rule by the first movement. This working is repeated until the
different rails of the carriage are furnished with lines of types. Then the car-
riage is replaced by another.
:
It should be understood that the key-board indicated in the preceding descrip
tion might be replaced by any other arrangement of keyboard. Thus in place
of having the same keys for the capitals and the small letters, we have separate
keys as on certain typewriting machines, which would dispense with the
mechanism of the special key for the capitals as well as the forks of the escape-
ment plates, the wires being then fixed directly to the said plates. We may also
adapt to the machine a keyboard arranged for simultaneous manipulation.
This is even considerably facilitated by this fact that the types which have
fallen simultaneously are all held in their respective places on the rule by the
lateral walls of the magazine tubes as long as the depressed keys have not.all
been freed. Certain magazines may contain types composed of several letters such
as, il, ss, ent, tion, etc. etc.
The magazines may also be arranged in two rows, separated by the space
between two rules and each corresponding with a rule.
Finally since the magazines are necessarily of a restricted height and their
supply of letters rapidly gives out or becomes exhausted, we may arrange at the
top of each compartment of the magazine, a framework or chase subdivided into
a certain number of parallel tubes, the plane of the frame or chase being per-
pendicular to that of the magazine and the said frame being capable of receiving
either by hand or by any automatic mechanism, an intermittent advancing
motion in such a manner as to successively present its different tubes opposite
the corresponding compartment of the magazine, proportionally to their being
used up or emptied.
We, ANIELLO SAVARESE, of 7, Cité Gaillard, Paris, France, Gentleman, and
JOSEPH DENIS CYPRIEN CHATEAU, of 148, Rue Montmartre, Paris, France,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
The composing machine which is the subject of the present invention utilises
one of the fundamental principles set forth in a prior Patent No. 10349 of 1894,
namely the fall of the types or characters in the form of riders piled up in the
compartments of a magazine, on an inclined rule, the said types sliding along
this rule by reason of their weight and being thus directed to the line-forming
and line-separating apparatus furnished with mushroom rails serving to fix the
types.

page_text: The working of the present machine forming the subject of this invention
was also based on the use of a keyboard allowing entire words to be composed
by the simultaneous manipulation of the keys. This manipulation, although
possible results only from very long practice on the machine and necessitates
the employment of special operators or compositors who are very highly paid.
It is therefore advantageous to be able to entrust the manipulation of the machine
to any ordinary operator but in spite of the fact that in the abovementioned
patent it was foreseen that the composing or setting up could be effected by
the successive manipulation of the keys, this operation cannot be carried out
in practice with the desired rapidity for the following reason."
When two keys of the board are depressed successively the corresponding
types both fall upon the same rule; the result is that if the first type struck
corresponds with a compartment of the magazine situated higher up on the
rule than the second, it may so happen that the type struck as second, will fall
on the rule before the first has time to slide lower than the compartment cor-
responding with this second type: supposing this to be the case, (and it
actually would occur very often when a certain rapidity of fingering was attained),
there is produced either an interversion of the type when the first has still
remained above the compartment of the second, or a meeting or fouling when
the first type just passes underneath the compartment of the second at the moment
of the descent of this latter.
We have therefore been led to cause each character to fall upon a separate
rule, so as to allow each one time for descending to the bottom of the rule where
it is temporarily retained by a screen or fence. The types are afterwards all
re-united or collected upon a single rule in the order of their "descent upon the
separate rules.
f
For this purpose we have replaced the inclined fixed rule in the former patent
"by a series of equi-distant inclined rules movable under the magazine, in such
a manner that the manipulation of each key produces on the one hand the fall
or descent of a type, and on the other hand, a substitution of rules under the
magazine. This set of rules is combined with a fixed rule placed opposite the
bottom of the movable rules, at a certain distance from the plane of the maga-
zine, the types being maintained at the bottom of the movable rules up to the
fixed rule by a fence, and all passing in succession in the order of their descent,
upon the fixed rule at the moment when they reach the end of the fence.
This set of rules may be arranged around the periphery of an inclined cylinder
receiving at each manipulation of a key, a rotatory movement to an extent cor-
responding with the separation of two consecutive rules. They may also be
carried by a carriage, having an intermittent advancing motion and a rapid
return motion; again, they might be arranged in the form of an endless band
or belt receiving an intermittent motion or in any other suitable manner.
Whichever arrangement is selected the types are classed upon separate rules
having, consequently, always to descend the whole length of these rules before
being reunited on the single rule, and it will therefore, be perceived that the
rapidity of the manipulation of the machine is limited only by the speed or
capability of the typist or compositor.
Although the machine so constructed is principally adapted to successive
manipulation, i.e. manipulation of keys acting on separate rules in succession,
it is clear that in certain cases we may cause to simultaneously fall or descend
upon the same rule several letters, when their compartments are arranged in
the order of the composing.
We have combined with the machine whose principle has_just_been-set forth,
an automatic arrangement for forming and separating, the lines, which without
being absolutely indispensable, advantageously completes the machine, as will
be hereafter explained.
In order to more clearly show the nature of this invention and the means for

page_text: enabling it to be carried out, we have shewn on the annexed drawings, a machine
-constructed according to this invention.
Figure 1 is a front elevation of the whole of the machine.
Figure 2 is a plan on line A-B of Figure 1, scale half full-size.
Figure 3 is a cross-section of the cylinder.
Figure 4 is a full size section on line C D of Figure 1, shewing the connection
of the draw-rods or draw-wires controlled by the keys of the key-board, with
the special escape-arrangement of the types.
Figure 5 is a corresponding plan view.
Figure 6 is a corresponding front view.
Figure 7 shews, full size on three rectangular projections, one of the special
escape levers.
:
Figure 8 is a view to same scale on a plane parallel with the axis of the
cylinder, of a portion of the lower end of the cylinder, shewing the lower screen
and the pawl escapement determining the intermittent motion of the cylinder.
Figure 9 is a rear elevation of the whole of the mechanism for forming the
line and for paging, located at the lower end of the cylinder.
Figure 10 is a vertical cross section on line E F of Figure 9.
Figure 11 is a cross section on line G H of Figure 9, shewing the paging
mechanism.
Figure 12 is a detail view of the special line escapement seen as three projec-
tions.
Figure 13 is a cross section of the key-board.
Figure 14 is a corresponding plan view of part of the keyboard.
Figure 15 is a side view of the train mechanism of the cylinder, and of the
verifying arrangement located at the upper end of the cylinder.
Figure 16 is a corresponding plan view.
Figure 17 is a full sized section corresponding to Figure 4, of a modified
arrangement of escapement mechanism.
Figure 18 is the corresponding front view of the same, to the same scale.
Figure 19 is the same view but on a still larger scale.
Figure 20 represents a view in side elevation, and in plan, of the magazine
rail.
Figure 21 shews the escapement lever in three views.
The machine comprises a framework (Fig. 1) consisting of uprights and a
set of cross-pieces, these parts forming the skeleton and being all designated
by the letter a. The horizontal cross-pieces support the key-board 6 which may
be of any suitable form, and arrangement. In the present example we have
adopted the key board of the Remington typewriter.
Between the vertical uprights of the framework is mounted the rule-cylinder c
whose spindle d enters bearings or supports ef fixed to the framework; a
screw passing through the upright of the framework serves as an adjustable
centre for the lower spindle of the cylinder in its support f (Figures 1 and 9).
This cylinder is formed of a suitable metallic skeleton in which is lodged
and maintained a series of equidistant rules arranged radially on the genera-
trices of the cylinder. These rules are formed preferably of plate springs a
suitably held along the cylinder (Figures 3 & 4). Opposite the lower part of
the rule-cylinder c is arranged a fixed fence or screen faced with lead, and
carried by the framework a. This fence is situated across a certain number of
rules of the cylinder slightly above this so as to stop the types by the head. It
extends obliquely across the space included between the magazine and a fixed
rule X intended to collect all the types so as to form the line, as will be here-
after explained.
The upper spindle of the cylinder c is furnished with a bevel-pinion i engag-
ing a bevel wheel j keyed on a shaft k subject to the action of motive force
tending to constantly turn it in the same direction. In the present example
this force is shewn simply as a weight 7 supported by a cord m winding on a

page_text: drum n whose shaft o engages the shaft k of the bevel wheel by means of gear-
wheels. pqrs intended to retard the fall of the weight (Figures 1, 15 and 16).
It is evident that the weight may be replaced by a barrel-spring or any other
motive force.
In order that this constant force may effect the rotation of the cylinder only,
intermittently, we have designed the following arrangement (Figures 2, 8, 9,
& 10).
The bottom end of the cylinder c is fitted with a ratchet-tooth crown-wheel-t
engaged by a double-pawl escapement which may be altogether similar to that
used for the advance of the carriage in a Remington typewriter. In such case this
escapement is carried by a shaft u receiving an angular oscillating motion, each
time that any one of the keys of the key-board is depressed, as will be presently
explained.
It consists, as usually, of two pawls, one of which is fixed and the other w
is spring-pressed; both are jointed in the usual manner to any convenient
support. A recall spring y brings back the escapement into its normal position
as soon as the key of the key-board is freed.
This escapement plays exactly the same part as in its application to a type-
writing machine for the intermittent advance of the carriage. When one of
the keys is depressed, the fixed pawl simply takes the place of the movable pawl
under the corresponding tooth of the ratchet crown-wheel t; this latter is driven
by its spring into the position shewn in dotted lines (Fig. 8) but the cylinder c
remains immovable. It is only when the key is quite freed that the fixed pawl
escapes and the cylinder, acted upon by the aforesaid weight 1, turns until the
movable pawl meets its abutment, i.e. turns for a space equal to the distance
between two consecutive rules.
A spring-pressed pawl 84 engaging a ratchet wheel 85 also located at the
bottom of the cylinder, maintains the latter in its last position opposing any
rearward movement which might result from its sudden stop.
Opposite one of the cylinder rules there deliver the magazine tubes wherein
the types are piled.
The magazine which is supported in any convenient manner by the frame-
work a is composed of a series of juxtaposed bars 1 of U-section (Figures 4, 5
and 6). These bars are cut slanting parallel to the axis of the cylinder in such
a manner as to level or make even the rules of the cylinder which pass beneath
them. They form a series of channels, closed at their forward part by a plate 2
which does not extend to the base of the bar so as to form a free space for the
disengagement of the type when the latter is carried along by the rotation of
the cylinder. The types are located in the space thus formed in each compart-
ment of the magazine, the free section of the tube varying in size according to
the nature of the letter. A part of this plate 2 might be of glass so as to allow
the contents of the compartments to be easily ascertained. The magazine is
situated in a plane on the axis of the cylinder c; this plane is preferably inclined
in the opposite direction to the motion of the cylinder (as shewn on Figure 4)
but it may, however, he vertical.
Each compartment is furnished at its lower part with a special escapement
arrangement allowing the corresponding type to fall, when a particular key of
the key-board is depressed, upon the particular rule of the cylinder which is
at this moment opposite all the openings of the magazine.
This escapement. arrangement is shown more particularly on Figures 4, 5, 6
and 7. Each portion of this arrangement consists of an arm 3 furnished at the
base with knife-edged hooks, teeth or nippers 4 and 5, entering a lower portion of
each compartment of the magazine through holes formed in the lateral walls of this
latter (Fig. 6). This arm is fixed to the end of a shaft 6 journaled partly within
At the other end of the
the magazine 1 and partly within the framework a.
shaft 6 is fixed a plate 7 furnished with a lateral fork 8 and a hook 9 serving
to fix a recall spring 10 the other end of which is fixed to the framework w by a

page_text: .hook 11. These parts are grouped two and two (Figures 4 and 5) in such a
manner that the forks 8 are placed opposite one another and the escapements
enter two adjoining compartments of the magazine. This grouping in pairs
allows the fall as desired, on depressing the same key of the keyboard, of either
a small letter or the corresponding capital letter, which are respectively located.
in the two adjoining compartments of the magazine. Through the forks 8 pass
the draw-wires 12, the lower extremity of each of them being connected to a
flexible plate 13 fixed angularly to the type-lever 14 of the corresponding key 15
of the key-board (Figures 10, 13 and 14). The upper end of the draw-wire 12
is fixed to a recall-spring 16 whose end is attached to an angle-bar or-angle-
piece 17 parallel to the axis of the rule-cylinder c. This wire is preferably formed
in two parts connected together by ring-nut or screwed socket 18 serving to draw
down the one or other of the forks 8. The wires are arranged in the manner of
a quincunx so as to be free in their movement, and all cross at the top of the
forks 8; but these wires are independent one of another and they each correspond
with a pair of forks placed opposite one another.
When one of the draw-wires acts upon one or the other fork 8, the escape-
ment lever oscillates to one side in such a manner that the upper hook or tooth 4
enters the nick or slot in the last type but one whilst the lower tooth 5 leaves the
last type which falls upon the cylinder rule, thus separating from the column
of types supported by the upper tooth 4. When the wire leaves the fork, the
'oscillation of the escapement lever takes place in the opposite direction, and
the upper tooth 4 leaves the lower type and the whole column of type then falls
upon the lower tooth 5 which has then reached its position for supporting the
column.
The movements of the angle-bar 17 and of the draw-wires which are thereto
fixed, are obtained by means of the following arrangement. The angle-bar 17
is supported at its ends by two arms 19 jointed to the frame a of the machine,
and is thus capable of receiving an oscillating motion between two abutments
or set-screws 2020 formed by screws mounted on the framework and allowing
the extent of the oscillation to be regulated. The angle bar is provided with a
lug 21 to which is jointed a wire 22 whose other end is connected to one of the
arms of a bellcrank lever 23 whose axis of rotation is upon an arm 24 carried by
a cross-piece of the framework a. To the other arm of the bell-crank lever 23
is attached a draw-wire 25 connected in the same manner as the other to a
special key 26 of the key-board. A recall-spring 27 attached at one of its ends
to the angle piece or angle bar 17 and attached at its other extremity to a bell-
crank lever 28 fixed to the frame-work a serves to bring back the angle-bar to
its normal position. In such position the ring-nuts 18 of the wire are opposite
the forks of the escapements corresponding with the small letters (Fig. 5). When
the angle-bar is pushed back into the position indicated in dotted lines on
Figure 4, these ring-nuts are opposite the forks corresponding with the capitals.
The key-board which serves to produce by the intermediary of draw-wires, first,
the escapement motion of the types from the magazine on to the cylinder rule,
secondly, the intermittent motion of the cylinder, and finally the motion of the
angle-bar for the fall of the capitals, quite resembles, as has been stated, the
key-board of a Remington typewriter. It comprises, in fact, three classes of
keys, namely; the keys 15 upon which are inscribed the different letters of the
alphabet, figures, punctuation marks etc., a longitudinal space-bar 29 accessible
at all parts of the key-board and serving preferably to cause the spaces to fall
(between consecutive words), and the special key 26 (shift-key) serving for the
composing of the capitals (Figures 10, 13 and 14).
The type-levers 14 carrying the various keys 15 and the space bar 29 are
pivoted upon a common axis 30 and rest freely on a cross-piece 31 supported at
its ends by rods 32 jointed on the same axis 30. These rods 32 are connected
by wires 33 to arms 34 mounted on an axis 35 held in supports 36. One of

page_text: these arms 34 is connected in its turn by a wire 37 to a lever 38 integral with
the shaft u carrying the double-pawl escapement mentioned above. The result of
this arrangement is that when any one of the keys 15 or the space bar 29 is
depressed, the cross-piece 31 is lowered at the same time, and thus the advance
of the cylinder is effected each time the depressed key is freed. As for the
special key 26 it is independent of the cross-piece 31 and serves solely to move
the angle-piece 17 without having any effect unon the cylinder. This displace-
ment serves, as has been said, to transmit the movement of the keys 15 to the
compartments of the capitals. It might also be combined with the action of the
space-bar 29 so as to cause the line-cutters to fall, as will be presently explained.
The separation of the type-levers 13, 14 and 42 is rendered constant by pegu
or pins 39 and 40 carried on cross pieces 41 and 42 of the key-board forming a
dividing comb.
The working of this combination of mechanisms is the following. When any
one of the keys of the key-board is depressed, the movement of this key is simul-
taneously transmitted to two sets of working parts.
(a). By means of the draw-wire 12 carrying the ring-nut 18, the depression of
the corresponding fork 8 is effected and, consequently, the angular movement
in one direction of the escapement lever 3. The lower type of the column of:
types located in the corresponding compartment of the magazine then falls
astride the rule which is at this moment is located opposite the line of the.
magazines. It then occupies the position Z, see Figure 2. It is maintained in
this position by the lateral flange of the compartment which in the drawings is
located at the left of the type. This flange which levels or evens the rule forms
a fence or screen and prevents the type from sliding under the influence of its
weight, for so long as the rule remains in this position.
(b). The type lever 14 of the depressed key draws with it the cross-piece 31 of.
the key board, which by the intermediary of the levers and wires 33, 34, 35, 36,
37 and 38, imparts an angular movement to the shaft u, Figures 8, 9 and 10, of
the double-pawl escapement arrangement determining the intermittent advance.
of the cylinder. Nevertheless the effect produced by the depression of the key
is only that of substituting the fixed pawl for the movable pawl w against the
same tooth of the ratchet; but the cylinder remains immovable.
When the depressed key is freed, the two following effects are produced.
(a). The recall-spring 16 to which is attached the end of the draw-wire 12.
brings back this latter upwardly so that it leaves the fork which under the
influence of a spring 10 is brought back to its normal position. The escapement:
lever 3 oscillates in the opposite direction which, as already stated, causes the
descent of the column of types until meeting with the lower tooth 5 which stops
the said column slightly above the type which has previously fallen.
(b). At the same time the recall spring of the escapement arrangement
brings this back to its normal position, the fixed pawl escapes, and the
cylinder turns until stopped by the abutment of the movable pawl w, that is to
say, it springs forward sharply to an extent equal to the separation of or space
between two consecutive rules. This partial rotation of the cylinder has had
for effect the advance of the rule which has received the type out of contact with
the magazine and to substitute under the magazine with this rule, a rule free.
from all type.
The result is that the type finding itself disengaged from a double-hooked
device formed in the base of the magazine, slides freely along the rule which has
received it until it meets a lower nut h at 2, and the cylinder is then ready to
receive another type on a separate rule.
The working which has just been described, is repeated under exactly similar
conditions each time one of the keys of the key-board is depressed.
Thus on depressing a second key, a type falls on the rule which has replaced
the preceding one under the magazines, the cylinder remaining immovable. On
freeing the key, the cylinder at once jumps forward a fraction of a turn, as has

page_text: been stated; the new type is freed from the magazine and slides in its turn
along the corresponding rule, unto the lower nut h where it occupies the position
of the last type 22; set astride the rule; but the rule carrying the type which:
fell in the first place has itself advanced by the same fraction of a turn, so that
the first type has reached the position. The manipulation of a third key
determines the advance of the first type from to, and of the
second from 2 to 23, a new type slipping into z¹. The same results
are obtained when the other keys of the keyboard are depressed and
released; but since at each manipulation a different rule comes opposite
the place of the magazines the types slide each into a special rule
(unless several keys are depressed simultaneously, as will be presently explained).
The types all collect against the lower fence h until the cylinder has rotated to
an extent sufficient for the first type which has fallen to pass the end of this
screen at 7. This type then commences to slide and passes over the single rule X
which is arranged in this place in a prolongation of the cylinder rule. This
result is also repeated each time that a key of the keyboard is acted upon, so
that the types which were temporarily stopped along the screen on separate
rules pass successively over the single rule in the exact order in which they fell
on the cylinder rules.
The fixed rule X may be furnished at its upper part with a mushroom-shaped
piece for retaining the types which are set or threaded on it; nevertheless its
end is thinned or tapered down so as to give every facility of entrance to the
types. This end may, besides, be composed of a flexible plate of which the
position can be exactly regulated opposite the rule corresponding with the
cylinder by means of a screw device 43. I may also place behind this fixed rule
a mirror or reflector 86 (Fig. 1) in which the operator can verify his composing,
corrected by reflection.
The inclination of the magazine behind the vertical plane on the axis of the
cylinder presents in the vertical position several advantages of which the following
are the principal.
The types rest against the bottom of the U-shaped bar 1 of each compartment so
that the one which is released by the escapement is guided in the small distance
over which it has to travel, up to the rule; it reaches that therefore in the
desired position; besides, its light adherence to the bottom of the U on which it
has just slipped prevents it from rebounding and coming off the rail.
Another advantage of this inclination is that of allowing the types to fall on
the rule of the cylinder before this reaches the vertical plane of the axis. The
fence his thus brought back rearward and ends approximately opposite this
vertical plane. The types are then able to leave the cylinder and thread them-
selves upon the fixed rule X under the best conditions of equilibrium.
This inclination of the magazine, further, allows the lengthening of the fence
which, as will be seen further on, is indispensable when it is wished to retard
the slipping of the types on the cylinder.
It is nevertheless understood that I may place the magazine vertically in the
plane of the axis of the cylinder. The part or role of the lower fence is also
very important. It must be of sufficient length to give the types to descend to
the bottom of the cylinder before arriving opposite the fixed rule X. It is
important that the types should slip along the cylinder as slowly as possible to
avoid their obtaining too much momentum and any tendency to jump. For
this purpose we may interpose on the length of the cylinder intermediary fences,
such as those shown in dotted lines at 44 and 45. In this case, the type which
is falling into is, at the first rotation of the cylinder, stopped by the first
intermediary fence 44, at the second by the second intermediary fence 45 and
at the third, it reaches the lowermost fence at ; this fractional descent in
periods interrupted by stoppages prevents the type acquiring a prejudicial
acceleration of speed. The inclination of the magazine rearward of the vertical
!

page_text: axial plane of the cylinder is favourable to this construction, since as stated
above, it enables the fence h to be lengthened.
The lower fence H (and in case of such, the intermediary fences) should pre-
ferably be inclined, as shewn on Figures 2 and 4) for the type which abuts
against it immediately acquires its inclination by coinciding upon the rule which
thus lessens its tendency to rebound.
:
This rebounding is still further prevented by the facing of lead applied to the
back of the screen; lead being an antivibrating metal, kills the vibrations im-
parted to the fence by the shock from the type, and this latter does not receive
the counter-blow.
The types which are threaded in the desired order on the single rule X should
be divided into groups of length corresponding approximately with the justifi-
cation and for this purpose, I may employ the arrangement which will now be
described, which effects this operation automatically and allows this length of
line to be varied as desired.
This arrangement is shewn on Figures 1, 2, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, and 16 of the
drawings.
The rule X passes through a lever 46 whose summit comprises two hooks 47, 48
leaving a free space sufficient to allow, in no matter what position, the passage
of the ordinary types which come astride the rule across the hooks. This lever 46
is mounted on a shaft 49 journaled in a support 50 and it is integral with a
perpendicular lever 51 of which one arm terminates in a fork 63 traversed by
a rod 64 oscillating on a shaft 65, the end of the rod carrying a hammer 66
striking on a gong 67 mounted on the framework a. The end of the other
arm of the lever 51 is attached to a recall-spring 68 and is connected by a wire 52
with the arm 53 of a shaft 54 supported parallel to the cylinder behind the
magazine. This shaft carried at its other end a second arm 55 connected by a
wire 56 with an arm 57 solid with a shaft 58 mounted loosely in a chase or
frame 59 which supports the drum n on which is wound the cord of the weight
imparting motion to the machine (Figures 15 and 16).
Shaft 58 carries an index or finger 60 capable of sliding longitudinally on a
key-way on this shaft, which renders it integral with the latter in the direction
of rotation. Parallel to the same shaft 58 is mounted another shaft carrying
a bevel wheel j controlling the rotation of the cylinder; this shaft carries a
lantern-wheel 61 formed of a series of discs each furnished with pegs 62 which are
all equidistant from the axis of its shaft k. Each of these discs carries on the
same circumference a number of equidistant pegs or pins, this number varying
progressively from one dise to the next. The index 60 may be placed opposite
the pegs of any one whatever, according to the length of the line to be obtained,
as will presently be described.
In order to effect the working of this arrangement, we make use of a special
type 69 called "line-cutter," the height of which is increased by the addition
thereto of horns or points 70, Fig. 12, or by any other super-elevation. This
type is furnished from a compartment of the magazine corresponding with a key
of the key-board or the space-key 29.
At the commencement of working the machine, I begin by causing to fall a
line-cutter type which after having passed through all the stages or phases of
the stroke of a type threads itself upon a rule, and riding along the same slides
until the points or horns 70 meet the first hook 47 of the special lever 46. The
types which fall after the line-cutter are stopped by the latter until the cylinder e
has passed through an angle sufficient for one of the pegs 62 of the disc opposite
which the index or finger 60 has been placed, raises this finger, the angular
movement of this latter being transmitted by the intermediary of various
working parts-52-and-57 to the double-hooked lever 46 which inclines itself in
the direction of the arrow (Fig. 12) in such a manner that the "line-cutter"
escapes the hook 47 and slides with the types which follow it until it meets with
"

page_text: •
the hook 48 by which it finds itself again stopped. The cylinder continuing
to turn, the index or finger 60 escapes the peg 62 which has raised it, and falls
-back which allows it to return to its first position of the lever 46 under the
influence of the recall-spring 68. In consequence of this motion the lever 48
leaves in its turn the line-cutter 69 which is then free to slide on the rule with
all the types which bear upon it, which pass freely under the lever 47, 48.
In the second movement of the lever, the rod 64 drawn by the bell-crank
lever 51 throws forward the hammer against the gong and the operator is thus
warned that he must cause a new "line-cutter" to fall on the cylinder. This
working is thus repeated indefinitely. The series of types being thus divided in
lines, the latter are led successively on a series of rails mounted on a carriage
.which advances automatically for a space equal to the space between the two
consecutive rails, at each movement of the lever 46.
This carriage (see Figures 2, 9 and 11) is formed of a framework 71 capable of
sliding on a plate 72 to which it is connected by a dovetail joint 73.
The plate is supported on the framework by the intermediary of several
brackets 74. The carriage 71 is subject to the constant action of a counter-
weight 81 carried by a cord 82 attached to the carriage and passing over a
pulley 83. The upper flanges 75, 76 of the chase or framework comprise a series
of equidistant nicks or grooves for the lodging of the rails 77. The flange 761
is super-raised by an abutment plate 78 which has for purpose to stop the types.
The lower part of the flange 75 is driven by a rack 79 with which there engages
a double-pawl escapement 80 identical with that which controls the cylinder
(see Fig. 8). This escapement 80 is mounted on the shaft 65 which actuates the
hammer of the gong..
At the first movement of the lever 46 the carriage advances in such a manner
as to present an empty rail opposite the rule X and the second movement (which
acts on the gong) produces a simple substitution of the movable pawl for the
fixed pawl in the escapement 80 without moving the carriage. It is in this
movement that the line-cutter escapes the hook 48 of the lever 46, and that the
-row of types which follows it, slides freely in such a manner as to occupy the free
rail of the carriage which has been brought back opposite the rule X by the
first movement. This working is repeated until the different rails of the car-
riage are furnished with lines of type. Then the carriage is replaced by another.
On Figures 17 to 21 we have shewn a development of the invention above
described, so far as it relates to the magazine tubes.
In this portion of our invention we have replaced the magazine tubes by maga-
zine rails. This modification also relates to an escapement allowing the types
threaded on magazine rails to fall on the chute rules, consequent upon the
manipulation of the corresponding keys of the key-board.
On these figures the rails 1 of which the magazine is composed are fixed parallel
one to another on the cross pieces a carried by the general framework of the
machine.
On the lower cross-piece a are mounted the escapement levers 3 the axis 6
of which is controlled by draw-wires as in the previous arrangement.
These levers terminate towards their base in a foot 2 provided interiorly with
a portion of a rail 7 the section of which is thinned or lessened at its lower ex-
tremity to allow the disengagement of the type. The mushroom-section com-
mences only at 8 in such a manner as to form at this point à retaining abutment
which together with the forward portion 4 of the body 2 retains the column of
type when the lever is in the escape position. This shoulder 8 and the projec-
tion 4 constitute one of the escapement hooks. The other hook which is fixed,
is formed by a shoulder 5 provided on the foregoing. rail.
The working of this arrangement is as follows:
In the position of rest shewn on the right side of Figure 19, the types which
are threaded on any one of the magazine rails 1, take a bearing upon the fixed
hook 5 of the rail in front on which is carried the head of the lowest type of the

page_text: pile. This type is at the same time engaged on the movable portion of rail 7
integral with the escapement lever.
When the corresponding key of the board is depressed, the escapement lever 3
is driven backwards into the escapement position (shewn on the left of Figure 19)
drawing with it the type Z which is engaged by the movable rail 7. This type
thus passes the hook 5 and being no longer retained, slides on the chute rules X;
the taper or lessening of the base of the movable rail 7. allows, the type to
straighten itself before falling on the rule X.
By reason of this rearward movement of the escapement lever, the front pro-
jection 4 of the foot 2 and the shoulder 8 are placed under the following type in
such a manner as to retain the pile of types. The latter are thus held at the same
time by both their heads at 4 and their tails at .8.
When the key is freed, the escapement lever returns to the position of rest,
the projection 4 of the escapement foot leaves the head of the type which is now
the lowermost and the mushroom of the movable rail 7 returns opposite the eye
of the type so that the columns of type being no longer held descends, until the
lowermost type is stopped by the hook 5.
This working is again repeated in the case of other keys.
It must be understood that this arrangement is only to show that the tubes
of the fount or magazine can be replaced by rails, when so desired, and we may
substitute other means of delivering types as desired from a rail on to a chute-
rule.
The chief advantage of this substitution is that the types are piled in the direc-
tion of their thickness, i.e., in the direction of their smallest dimension: con-
sequently a magazine of a certain length can hold many more.
By means of magazine rails, the type in the manner of a rider is constantly.
astride a rail with or without a mushroom or the like retaining section from the
time the types are threaded on the first rail to the time of printing.
Magazine rails can be used on any machine which uses types in the form of
riders.
It should be understood that the key-board indicated in the preceding descrip-
tion might be replaced by any other arrangement of keyboard. Thus, in place of
having the same key for the capital and the small letters we may have separate
keys as on certain type-writing machines, which would dispense with the mechan-
ism of the special key 26 for the capitals as well as with the forks 8 of the escape-
ment plates, the wires being then fixed directly to the said plates 7. We may
also adapt to the machine a keyboard arranged for simultaneous manipulation
This is even considerably facilitated by the fact that the types which have fallen
simultaneously are all held in their respective places on the rule by the lateral
walls of the magazine tubes as long as the depressed keys have not all been freed.
Certain magazines may contain types composed of several letters, such as il,
ss, ent, tion, etc., etc.
The magazines may, besides, be arranged in two rows separated by the space
between two rules and each corresponding with a rule.
Finally since the magazines are necessarily of a restricted height and their
supply of letters rapidly gives out or becomes exhausted, we may arrange at the
top of each compartment of the magazine a framework subdivided into a certain
number of parallel tubes, the plane of the framework being perpendicular to
that of the magazine and the said framework being capable of receiving either by
hand or by any automatic mechanism, an intermittent advancing motion in such
a manner as to successively present its different tubes opposite the corresponding
compartments of the magazine, proportionally to their being used up or emptied.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said-
invention and in-what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
(1) A composing machine, characterised by the combination of a tubular maga-

page_text: zine for type in the form of riders, of a key-board controlling escapements located
at the base of the tubes of the magazine, of a movable inclined cylinder furnished
on its generatrices with equidistant rules for the reception of the types, this
cylinder receiving a partial rotatory motion to an extent equal to the separation
of two rules by the manipulation of any one of the keys of the key-board, of a
fixed fence placed across a certain number of rules at the base of the cylinder for
the temporary maintenance of the types, and of a fixed rule placed opposite the
bottom of the cylinder at the end of this fence, for the purpose of reuniting in the
form of a line and in the order of their descent the types scattered on the rules
of the cylinder, the whole working as above set forth...
(2) In a composing machine, the combination of an inclined cylinder having
rules c, with a fence h extending between the plane of the magazine and the end
of the single rule X for reuniting the types, across several rules of the cylinder,
the said fence being inclined relatively to the generatrices of the cylinder and
faced with lead to prevent the rebounding of the types, substantially as described.
(3) In a composing machine, the combination with an inclined cylinder pro-
vided with rules, of a keyboard b, of draw-wires 12 fixed to recall-springs 16
connecting the ordinary keys 15 of the key-board to escapement levers 7 6 3
having hooks or nippers 4 5 entering the base of each compartment of the maga-
zine, this base comprising laterally a wall evening or making flush the rule so
as to retain the type and being hollowed or grooved forwardly for the disengage-
ment of the type, substantially as and for the purposes described.
(4) In a composing machine, the combination with an inclined cylinder fur-
nished with rules, and with a magazine of a key-board 6 of ordinary keys 15,
of draw-wires 12 carrying ring-nuts 18 and being fixed to recall-springs 16
attached to an angle-bar 17 connected by an arrangement of levers and a wire 25
to a special key 26 of the keyboard intended to impart to this angle-bar a lateral
motion, escapement levers 7, 6, 3 arranged in pairs and containing in each such
pair forks 8 placed opposite one another, so as to receive as desired upon the
manipulation of the key 26 the action of the ring-nut 18 of the corresponding
draw-wire 12, substantially as and for the purposes described.
(5) In a composing machine, the combination of the ordinary keys of the
keyboard b, with a cross-piece 31 upon which they all rest, the said cross-piece
being connected by wires 33 and by an arrangement of levers to a shaft u fitted
with a double-pawl escapement vw engaging a ratchet crown-wheel t solid with
or secured to the bottom of the rule-cylinder c subject to the constant action of
a motive power for the purpose of imparting to the cylinder a partial rotatory
movement upon the manipulation of any one of the keys, substantially as
described.
66
(6) In a composing machine, the automatic arrangement of line-formation,
characterised by a lever 46 having evasion hooks 47 48 traversed by a single
rail X for reuniting the types, the opening of the hooks being sufficient to allow
at all times free passage to the ordinary types and to retain only temporarily a
higher or more elevated type termed line-cutter," in combination with an
index 60 located opposite an arrangement of peg-discs mounted on the control-
shaft of the cylinder c the said index being connected with the shaft of the
lever 46 by an arrangement of levers and with a gong 67 with a view to transmit-
ting to the latter the oscillations which are imparted thereto by the pegs of one
of the discs, substantially as and for the purposes described.
(7) In a composing machine, the combination of a rule X for reuniting the
types, of an escapement lever 46 having evasion hooks, capable of receiving an
angular intermittent movement, with a carriage 71 furnished with equidistant
rails parallel to the single rail X and fitted at its bottom with a rack 79 engaging
an escapement 80 controlled by the movement of the lever 46, for the purpose.
of leading each of the rails into the prolongation of the single rail X, at each
movement of the lever 46, substantially as described.
(8). In composing machines working with types in the form of riders, the use

page_text: of a series of rails forming the magazine delivering the types to the chute-rule
or rules, substantially as described.
(9) In a composing machine, an escapement arrangement intended to cause
the types threaded on the magazine rails (1) to fall on the chute-rules, character-
ised by the combination of a movable hook device, (4, 8) formed of a movable
base or foot (2) provided interiorly with a portion of rail (7) whose upper portion
forms the shoulder (8) and whose base is cut away, the said foot (2) being sup-
ported by the escapement lever (3) actuated by a corresponding key of the key-
board, and of a fixed hook-device (5) formed by a shoulder of the foregoing maga-
zine rail, substantially as described with reference to Figs. 17 to 21 of the
annexed drawings.