Year: 1896

page_text: We, COUNT ALBERT DE DION and GEORGES BOUTON both of Puteaux (Seine)
in the Republic of France, Builders, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an explosion motor and has for its object to obtain
equilibrium of the forces exerted on the motor shaft by the explosion of the
gaseous mixture and consequently almost wholly doing away with vibrations or
unsteady working.
We obtain this result according to this invention by means of two cylinders each
with a piston one a simple piston and the other a double and differential piston,
there being two cranks on the shaft to which the rods of the pistons are respectively
connected.
The one cylinder contains a simple single acting piston the end of this cylinder
being in communication with the combustion chamber which communicates with
the second cylinder by an opening communicating with a space between the double
piston thereof one head of this double piston working in the portion of the cylinder
above or on one side of this opening and the other head of the said double piston
acting in the portion of the cylinder below or on the other side of the said opening
(we will presume the engine to be arranged vertically). The lower head of the
differential piston has a diameter equal to that of the simple piston. The diameters
of the cylinder pistons and cylinders are such that the effective areas upon which
the explosions act are equal.
The explosions produced in the combustion chamber between the two cylinders
will exert on the pistons equal forces which are transmitted in reverse directions by
the connecting rods to the two cranks which are at 180° with each other. The
weights of the respective pistons and their connecting rods are calculated so that
the parts in motion are properly balanced and the vibrations minimised.
Dated this 2nd day of May 1896
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
We, COUNT ALBERT DE DION, and GEORGES BOUTON, both of Puteaux
(Seine) in the Republic of France, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in explosion motors, and has for its

page_text: object to obtain equilibrium of the forces exerted by the explosion of the gaseous
mixture, thereby almost entirely doing away with vibrations or unsteady
working.
We obtain this result, according to our invention, by means of two com-
municating cylinders one having an ordinary or simple piston and the other a
double or differential piston, there being two cranks on the motor shaft corre-
sponding to the two pistons.
In order that our said invention may be readily understood we will proceed to
more fully describe the same with reference to the accompanying drawing which
shows partly in vertical section and partly in elevation the arrangement of the
cylinders, pistons and cranks of one type of explosion motor constructed according
to our said invention.
a and bare the two cylinders which communicate with each other through a
space or chamber c serving as the combustion chamber. The cylinder a consists
of two portions, the lower of which is of the same sectional area as the cylinder b
and is arranged parallel therewith, while the upper one is of larger sectional area,
in this case double that of the lower portion, and is arranged axially in line with
such lower portion. In the cylinder a is situated the double or differential piston,
which consists of two parts dd', the former working in the upper and the latter in
the lower portion of this cylinder. These parts are connected by a contracted
portion or neck d and each of them is provided with suitable packing rings after
the manner of an ordinary piston. In the cylinder b is arranged the ordinary or
simple piston e corresponding to the part d' of the differential piston.
The two pistons are respectively connected by rods dx, ex, with the crauks of
the driving shaft, which are situated on opposite sides of the said shaft so that the
pistons travel in opposite directions. fare bushes fitted in the connecting rod
ends to give a proper bearing surface. 9 is an electric igniter which is controlled
by any suitable means, whereby the explosions can be brought about at the required
times.
The area of the upper part d of the differential piston exceeds that of the lower
part d' thereof by an amount equal to the area of the piston e. In the present
instance this is brought about by making the area of the upper part d double that
of the lower part d' since the latter is equal in area to the said piston e. The
effective areas upon which the explosion acts are therefore equal and the weights
of the respective pistons and their connecting rods are calculated so that the moving
parts are properly balanced, thus more effectually minimising vibration.
An explosive charge having been drawn or introduced into the combustion
chamber c and ignited therein by the igniter 9, the piston e is propelled by the
explosion in the direction shown by the arrow a, while the differential piston is
simultaneously propelled in the opposite direction indicated by the arrow y.
By reason of the above mentioned difference in the dimensions of the upper and
lower parts of the differential piston, the force with which the said piston is
propelled in the direction y will be substantially equal to that with which the
pistone is propelled in the direction a, and hence the resulting strains will
practically neutralize each other. These equal forces in opposite directions are
communicated to the driving shaft through the connecting rods and the oppositely
arranged cranks. A motor, constructed as above described will work with great
steadiness, and as already stated vibration will be reduced to a minimum.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. An explosion motor in which the force of the explosion is caused to
simultaneously act upon a pair of pistons having equal effective areas, arranged
parallel with each other and working in opposite directions, substantially as and
for the purposes set forth.

page_text: 2. An explosion motor having its parts constructed, arranged and operating
substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying
drawing
Dated thin 15th day of Jannum 1907
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicants.