Improvements in or Connected with Spray Lamps or Burners for Lighting or Heating.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Mar., 1887
Complete Left, 30th Nov., 1887
Complete Accepted, 30th Dec., 1887
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or Connected with Spray Lamps or Burners for
Lighting or Heating.
I, JAMES BALLANTYNE HANNAY, of Cove Castle, Loch Long, in the County of
Dumbarton, North Britain, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention
to be as follows, that is to say:―
My said Invention has for its object to improve the action and effectiveness of what
are known as spray lamps or burners for lighting or heating. In such lamps or
burners as hitherto made and worked the oil has been either drawn to the nozzle by
the sucking action of the steam or compressed air employed, or has been made to issue
from the nozzle by the action of a moderate head or pressure. Also, even when com-
pressed air. has been used to form the jet of spray it has been the practice for the jet of
spray to receive a large portion of the air necessary for its complete combustion after
the jet has been formed. By my present Invention however I cause the oil to issue
from an inner nozzle with a pressure equal to or somewhat greater than that of the
compressed air employed; and I lead the air through a pipe enclosing the oil pipe
and inner nozzle, and formed with an outer nozzle having an orifice of about the same
size as that of the inner oil nozzle, with a small internal space between the two nozzles
for the intermixture of the air and oil. I also cause the supply of air under pressure
to the compound nozzle to be in quantity sufficient or nearly so for the complete
combustion of the oil. I employ a pressure of from 15 to 25 pounds per square inch
or even more in some cases, such pressure being obtained by pumps or in any other
convenient way.
With these improvements the oil spray produced is made extremely fine, and its
combustion is made very intense and complete throughout the thickness of the jet,
owing to the admixture with the oil of sufficient air, at the outset.
Dated this Twenty-eighth day of February 1887
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicant's Agent.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or Connected with Spray Lamps or Burners for
Lighting or Heating.
I, JAMES BALLANTYNE HANNAY, of Cove Castle, Loch Long, in the County of
Dumbarton, North Britain, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say:-
My said Invention has for its object to improve the action and effectiveness of what
are known as spray lamps, or burners for lighting or heating. In such lamps or
burners as hitherto made and worked the oil has been either drawn to the nozzle by
the sucking action of the steam or compressed air employed, or has been made to issue
from the nozzle by the action of a moderate head or pressure. Also, even when
compressed air has been used to form the jet of spray it has been the practice for the
jet of spray to receive a large portion of the air necessary for its complete combustion
after the jet has been formed. By my present Invention however I cause the oil to
issue from an inner nozzle with a pressure equal to or somewhat greater than that of
the compressed air which acts on the thus issuing coil; and I lead the air through a
pipe enclosing the oil pipe and inner nozzle, and formed with an outer nozzle having
an orifice of about the same size as that of the inner oil nozzle, with a small internal
space between the two nozzles for the intermixture of the air and oil. I also cause
the supply of air under pressure to the compound nozzle to be in quantity sufficient or
nearly so for the complete combustion of the oil. I employ a pressure of from 15 to
25 pounds per square inch or even more in some cases, such pressure being obtained
by pumps or in any other convenient way.
With these improvements the combustion of the oil spray is made very intense, and
complete throughout the thickness of the jet. The oil becomes intermixed with
sufficient air within the outer nozzle; and, the mixture issuing with considerablo
pressure the air in expanding as it leaves the nozzle breaks up the oil into extremely
fine spray the particles of which are well separated and rapid and complete.combustion
is thereby secured.
In practically carrying out my Invention the oil may be raised to the burner by the
pressure of the same air as that which supplies the spray forming blast, as is commonly
and conveniently done with spray lamps. The compressed-air supply pipe is connected
by a branch to a closed vessel containing the oil, and the oil is led from the vessel to
the inner burner nozzle by a pipe fitted with a regulating valve. Another branch
from the compressed-air supply pipe, which branch is also fitted with a regulating
valve, leads the air into the space between the inner and outer nozzles and the inner
and outer pipes. Between the air regulating valve and the outer nozzle the pressure
of the air, when the valve is suitably adjusted, becomes somewhat reduced owing to its
expansive elasticity and its escape through the nozzle; whilst by suitably adjusting the
oil regulating valve the pressure of the oil as it issues at the inner nozzle can be kept
sufficient to insure its intermixing with the air in the space between the two nozzles,

page_text: and its issuing with the air from the outer nozzle in sufficient quantity to maintain a
steady flame.
The precise forms and proportions of the burner nozzles may be varied in practice;
but on an accompanying sheet of explanatory drawing there is delineated in vertical
section a compound burner nozzle constructed for carrying out my Invention in a
satisfactory manner.
The burner shown in the drawing consists of two concentric cones, A, B, fixed on
the upper ends of outer and inner pipes, C, D. The cones, A, B, have jet orifices of
about equal size formed at their apexes. The end of the inner cone, B, is truncated
so as to leave a space, E, between it and the top of the outer cone, A, and it is in this
space that the oil and air become mixed as hereinbefore described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1-The improved arrangements for and mode of working spray lamps or burners
for lighting or heating; wherein the oil is caused to issue from an inner nozzle with
a pressure equal to or somewhat greater than that of the air in a space between the
said inner nozzle and an outer nozzle, substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore
described.
2-The constructing or proportioning of burner nozzles for spray lamps or burners
substantially as shown on the accompanying drawing such burner nozzles having
combined with them separate pipes and regulating valves for supplying the oil and
air under pressure and all operating together substantially as and for the purposes
herein before described.
Dated this Twenty-ninth day of November 1887