in Manufacturing Full Cased and Half Cased Hames.
Year: 1887

page_text: in Manufacturing Full Cased and Half Cased Hames.
We, JOHN PARKES and FREDERICK GNOSILL, trading together in copartnership as
Parkes and Gnosill, of 26 Regent Street, Walsall in the County of Stafford, hame
manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying drawings and the letters
of reference marked thereon (that is to say) :
:-
We will first describe this invention as it refers to the method of, and means or
apparatus employed in, manufacturing full cased hames, and then proceed to describe
it with reference to the method of, and means or apparatus employed in, manufacturing
half cased hames.
This invention, as it relates to full cased hames, has for its object, firstly, to facilitate
the operation of grooving the blanks in the process of forming the caps, and of
bending the grooved blanks to the proper shape lengthways, and to give a better finish
or more perfect shape to the lower part of the caps previously to their being folded or
closed around the woods.
This part of the invention will be clearly understood by the following description,
in which reference is made to certain of the drawings on sheets 1, 2 and 3 herewith,
of which figure 1 is a front elevation of a machine constructed according to and for
the purpose of this part of the invention; figure 2 is a plan thereof; and figure 3 an
end elevation looking from the left-hand side of figures 1 and 2. The remaining
views on these sheets illustrate certain details and will be presently particularly referred

page_text: to in the description of this part of our invention. The same letters of reference
indicate corresponding parts throughout these views.
Two parallel shafts A A' are carried in bearings upon standards B B etc. supported
on the bed CC. Fast and loose pulleys D D', around which the driving belt passes,
are carried on the shaft A, as is also a fly-wheel E. The shaft A¹ is driven by the
shaft A through the medium of a pinion a, on the shaft A, gearing into a spur wheel
on the shaft A. We find it convenient to drive the shaft A at about 60 revolutions
per minute and to make the spur wheel b'about six times the diameter of the pinion a,
but the speed of the shaft A and the proportionate diameters of the pinion and spur
wheel may be varied considerably, if desired.
The upper grooving tool B₁ is of the usual description, carried in the usual manner
in a cross-head working in fixed guides a a¹ and operated in a vertical direction
by means of an excentric E' on the shaft A¹ and a rod c. The lower grooving
tools B B are formed, according to this invention, with a clear opening between
them for their whole depth, and preferably with their inner or opposite faces recessed
from the bottom to within a short distance of the top so as to leave the upper parts e e
projecting towards one another. This is clearly shewn by figure 4, which is a
transverse section taken on line x x of figure 2 shewing the tools B2 B2 and also part
of the bed on which they are supported. For grooving a blank it is first heated, as
usual, and then placed between the two hinder gauges d and against the forward
gauge fixed upon the tools B2 B2, and the upper tool B' in descending forces down
the blank below the projecting faces ee of the lower tools and the blank consequently
drops clear of the tools and through an opening formed therefor in the bed, as shewn,
instead of having to be pulled out from between the tools by the operator as the upper
tool rises, and thus much time is saved, as immediately a blank has been placed in
position on the lower tools the operator gets another blank ready to place in position.
The upper tool is changed for varying sizes of blank, but the lower tools B² B² are
adjusted for this purpose towards and from one another by means of bolts etc.
passing through slotted openings in flanges forming the bases of the tools, and of
bolts or rods which at their inner ends press against the tools and are carried in
the adjacent standards B B by means of lock nuts so as to be readily adjustable end-
ways. Two of these bolts are hidden in the plan, figure 2, by the shaft A which
is vertically thereover. If it is not desired to make the lower tools adjustable they
may, if preferred, be formed solid together by parts joining their ends.
The grooved blank is next heated along its upper end and the "top" is closed up
with a hammer in the usual way, after which (and without further heating) the upper
end is bent to the desired shape longitudinally in a grooved tool F, fixed to the bed,
curved longitudinally to suit the intended curve of the upper end of the grooved
blank. A longitudinal section of this tool is shewn by figure 5. The inner end of
the groove in this tool is partially closed in by a part el which passes across from side
to side of the groove but extends only a portion of the height, and to this part is
fixed a dog or holder having a part e³ projecting over the part e¹ and somewhat into
the groove.
The part el forms a stop to the grooved blank, and the top of the blank
passes under the part e³ as it is placed in position within the groove, and thus is
securely held from tilting up as the other end of the grooved blank is pressed down
by hand, which is the operation performed, according to this invention, in bending
the upper end of such blank to the desired shape longitudinally. The same tool F
will answer for a considerable variation in the sizes of the grooved blanks.
In lieu of grooving the blank in the tools B1 B2 B and then, after closing in the
"top," curving it in the tool F, such blank when made of steel or of a good quality
of iron may be grooved, and also curved at its upper end to the desired shape longi-
tudinally, by one operation in the tools B1 B2 B32, by forming the upper tool B' to
a curved shape at its narrower end, as shewn in figure 22, which is a detached side
elevation of such tool. In this case the "top" of the blank is closed up after the
upper end has been curved longitudinally.
The lower end of the grooved blank is next heated and then bent to the desired

page_text: shape longitudinally in the tools G G¹, shewn also in longitudinal section by figure 6
and in transverse section, taken through the centre, by Figure 7, each such view
shewing also a part of the bed of the machine. The lower tool G' is fixed upon the
bed, and the upper tool is carried upon an arm F¹ fulcrumed at f to a lug formed
upon or fixed to the bed, or it may be carried in vertical guides similarly as the
tool B₁ before described. The tool & is operated in a vertical direction by means of
an excentric H fixed upon the shaft A, and a rod f¹ connecting the excentric with the
arm F. The longitudinal curving of the lower end of the grooved blank is effected
by pushing the blank end ways between the tools, of which the tool G¹ is grooved to
receive the width of the grooved blank and the tool G is formed to enter within the
groove of the blank, the lower face of the latter tool, and the bottom of the groove of
the former tool, being curved longitudinally, as shewn, to suit the intended shape of
the lower end of the blank. The longitudinal curves of these tools are, however,
slightly quicker than the desired curve in the finished cap (being struck to a radius of
about half an inch less) as the tools next to be described open out the curve slightly
in taking out the puckers formed by these tools. Both the tools are rounded also
transversely at their bottom working faces, as shewn, to suit the correspondingly
rounded shape of the bottom of the groove of the blank. The curving results from a
succession of pressures exerted by the tool G, the blank being advanced a short
distance between each operation of the tools until the end edge of the grooved blank
is stopped against the underside of an inwardly projecting arm m³ of a gauge or
stop g, upon which, and immediately after the next succeeding operation of the tools,
the grooved blank is withdrawn, curved as required. These tools may be employed
for any size of grooved strip, being made of sufficient width for the largest size
desired, as the rounded shape in cross section of the bottom of the upper tool allows
it to enter the groove of a narrower strip. The gauge g is screwed vertically into a
lug on the tool G¹ so as to be adjustablo as to height, and is locked in any desired
position by means of a lock nut, as shown. If it is desired to give a long curve to a
grooved blank, for a large sized hame, the gauge is raised, and for a shorter curve is
Towered. A hole m is formed through the bottom of the tool G', and is continued
through the bed, to allow the scale from the grooved blank to fall out from
the tool.
The lower ends of grooved blanks for caps have been previously curved in a
similar manner to that above described, but the tools employed have been used in a
reverse way, that is with the grooved tool uppermost. The tools, however, above
described, used in the manner described, afford better facility for placing the work in
position and guiding it as it is bent.
The lower longitudinally curved end of the grooved blank is next operated upon,
without further heating, by the tools J and JJ, which take out any puckers left in
the sides of the blank by the operation of the tools G G2, and form the groove therein
to the proper width, in case it is not so formed by the previous tools. These tools,
and certain parts with which they are connected, are shewn, also, in transverse
section by figure 8. The tools J1 J1 consist of rollers carried to be capable of
revolving in frames K K, which lie upon the bed C and are held thereto by
means of guide bolts or pins h etc. passing through slotted holes in the frames so as
to admit of the frames approaching towards and receding from one another within any
desired limits. Pins jj pass one each through a pair of lugs formed on the corre-
sponding ends of the frames, and the frames, and consequently the rollers which they
carry, are pressed towards one another by means of springs k k etc. placed around the
pins and at the back of the lugs. The desired degree of compression is put upon the
springs by means of nuts and washers on the ends of the pins, as shewn, and adjustable
stops are formed to the movement of the frames towards one another by means of
nuts upon the parts of the pins between the lugs, as shewn. The upper tool J is
formed to the width which the groove of the blank is desired to be inside, and is
curved longitudinally and also transversely along its underside, as shewn, to the exact
interior shape which the lower part of the blank is required to be. This upper tool is
carried and operated, as shown, in a manner similar to the upper grooving tool B¹

page_text: before described. The grooved blank is placed with the part which has been bent
longitudinally by the tools G G¹ up around the bottom of the tool J, and is forced
down by such tool between the 'rollers J J', which are pressed towards one another
by the springs kk when the tool J is raised, so as to leave a space between themselves
somewhat less than the width of the tool J, and thus as the tool J forces down the
grooved blank between the rollers the latter are forced further apart from one
another and exert a considerable side pressure on the blank, which is supported
against such pressure by the tool J, and any puckers left in the grooved blank by the
operation of the tools G G are thus taken out. The tools JJ' may be formed simply
as curved blocks fixed to or formed with the frames K K, instead of as rollers, but
rollers are much to be preferred. Weighted levers, each having a horizontal arm
carrying the weight, and a vertical arm to press against the back of the frames, or
against blocks forming the tools, may be employed to press the tools towards one
another, in lieu of the springs. These tools in taking out the puckers open out the
longitudinal curve of the lower end of the blank to the longitudinal curve of the
tool J. The tool J is changed for different sizes of caps, but the tools J¹ J¹ may be
adjusted towards or from one another to suit any size of cap.
The cap is next "plugged" and punched in the usual way and is then ready for
closing up around the wood.
This invention, as it relates to full cased hames, has for its object, secondly, to
facilitate and improve the process of closing up the caps around the woods, and to
give a better appearance and finish to the hames.
This part of the invention will be clearly understood by the following description,
in which reference is made to certain of the drawings on sheets 4, 5 and 6 herewith,
of which figure 9 is a front elevation of a machine constructed according to, and for
the purpose of, this part of the invention; figure 10 a plan thereof, and figure 11 a
side elevation looking from the right hand side of figures 9 and 10. Other of the
views on these sheets shew certain of the details and will be presently referred to in
the description of this part of our invention. The same letters of reference indicate
corresponding parts throughout the figures in these sheets which refer to this
part of the invention. Vertical framings L L etc. are supported on a suitable
bed Land carry, in suitable bearings, longitudinal roller shafts M M³, driving
shaft N, and intermediate shafts O and P. A pulley R on the shaft N receives
the driving belt, and the motion of the shaft N is transmitted through pinion g
thereon to a wheel on the shaft O, and from a pinion to a wheel on the
shaft P, and from a pinion t to a wheel on the roller shaft M', and the motion
of the shaft M is transmitted to the roller shaft M by means of a pair of equal
wheels V and V, preferably half-shrouded on one side to strengthen the teeth. The
exact speed of the roller shafts is not essential, but we find a velocity of about ninety-
six revolutions per minute answers very well. The roller shafts may, of course, be
driven by any suitable gearing otherwise than that specially described and shewn.
On one end of the shaft M is fixed a roller S, and on the corresponding end of the
shaft M is mounted a roller S' capable of turning loosely on the shaft. The method
by which the roller S¹ is mounted on the shaft M will be clearly seen on reference to
figure 12, which is a section taken through the shaft M at a point immediately
outside the bearing adjacent to the roller, and shews' a view of the inside of such
roller and of the method by which it is mounted. A block F is keyed firmly upon
the shaft M in position immediately inside the roller, and this block is provided with
a luge through which passes a bar e securely held therein by means of a set pin e
as shewn. On the inner face of the roller is a lug F³, and also a stud or hook f
An indiarubber or other spring connects the stud or hook with the leading end
of the bar e in such a manner that any pull upon the spring exerted by the bar e, as
it is carried round with the shaft M in the direction of the arrow (that is in the
direction of the arrow g¹ figure 11) will tend to draw round the roller S in the same
direction, and the lug F forms a stop against the other end of the bar e and thus
fixes or limits the point to which the roller can be turned in a forward direction upon
the shaft, otherwise than as it turns with the shaft. The tension of the spring f³ is

page_text: made sufficient to ensure that the roller will always be turned into the position shewn
by figure 12, that is with the lug F3 against the hinder end of the bar e³, whenever
the roller is free to be turned upon the shaft M: When the rollers, however, are
operating together to close up a cap the roller S' is driven by the roller S, as will be
immediately explained. In figure 11 the rollers S and S' are shown in position to
receive a cap, with the wood therein, for closing the cap around the wood, and one of
such caps G, with the wood supposed to be therein, is shewn by figures 9 and 11 in
position just entering the rollers. The peripheries of the rollers are between them
formed to close in the cap around the wood and thus complete the contour of the
hame, but a part of the periphery of each roller is gapped so as to ensure that the
rollers will be perfectly clear of one another for a part of their revolution immediately
after a hame has been delivered from between the surfaces of their peripheries.
Figure 13 is a detached plan of the roller S in the position shewn by figure 11. The
operative part of the roller is slightly grooved, and the part immediately in front
of the shoulder h² which terminates in one direction the gapped part of the periphery
has the sides of the groove rounded towards one another to form a kind of stop or
gauge for the placing of the end of the cap in position as the roller is being carried
round. Figures 14, 15 and 16 shew, respectively, sections to an enlarged scale
through the cap or hame case and wood, on lines xx, a³ ³, and ²², respectively of
figure 11, and also sections of the peripheries of the rollers S S₁ which between
them close in the cap around the wood at such points. By giving these sections as
illustrations the operation of the rollers S and S' in closing up the caps around the
woods of the hames will be readily understood. The larger or lower end of the cap
and wood therein is entered first between the rollers. The rollers S and S¹ are made
of the same, or approximately the same, average diameter (or length of circumference)
and as a cap with the wood therein is caught between the rollers it is carried forward
between them, the roller S driving the roller S¹ (by means of the friction occasioned
by the cap G passing between the rollers) in the direction of the arrow g. It is
found that, as the rollers deliver the hame after closing the cap around the wood
therein, the roller S₁ has not travelled the same angular distance as the roller S, though
the shaft M, being driven by equal wheels from the shaft M' has, of course, travelled
the same angular distance as the shaft M'; consequently the bar has advanced and
left its contact with the lug F3 and thrown a greater tension on the springs than
when the parts are in their normal position; and immediately the roller S is free
to turn independently of the roller S, that is immediately the hame is delivered from
between the rollers, and the gaps of the rollers are opposite to one another, the
spring draws forward the roller S'again until its lug F comes again in contact.
with the hinder end of the bar es. By this means, as the roller S arrives at its proper
position for receiving a cap to be operated upon, the roller S¹ arrives also in its
proper position in relation thereto, that is into the position shewn by figure 11.
both rollers wore fixed upon their respective shafts it is obvious that, when one roller
was pressing around the exterior of a curve and the other around the interior thereof,
one or both the rollers would have to slip or grind upon the cap, which would
consequently be injured thereby ; whereas, by mounting one of the rollers loosely
upon its shaft, in the manner described, such slipping or grinding is avoided. The
roller S may, of course, be mounted loosely upon its shaft, and be geared therewith ap
described in the case of the roller S', and the latter roller be fixed upon its shaft, but
in such case the roller S must be of a somewhat larger average diameter (or greater
circumference) than the roller S'. A device is arranged, both on the feeding and
delivery side of the rollers, to prevent the cap (with the wood therein) from being
twisted or rolled out of shape as it is operated upon by the rollers. This device
consists, on the feeding side, of a trough H2, carried in suitable brackets or support i
which are themselves supported on standards H'H' by means of screwed shanks i
fitted with lock nuts, as shewn, so as to be readily adjustable as to height. Two
outwardly inclining sides are carried up above the sides of the trough H for
some distance from the back end thereof, for the purpose of guiding the hinder end of
If

page_text: the cap G into the trough as it is brought down by the operation of the rollers
along the longitudinally curved surfaces of the end of the cap which is first passed
into the rollers. When the straight part of the cap commences to pass between the
rollers the hinder end of the cap is down upon the bottom of the trough, and is guided
along the bottom and also prevented, by the sides of the trough, from turning as the
straight part of the cap passes between the rollers. The hinder end of the cap and a
part of the straight length thereof is shewn in position within the trough by broken
lines, figure 11. If means are not employed to guide the straight part of the cap
between the rollers the latter have a tendency to curve such part downwards. The
trough His adjusted as to height according to the size and shape of cap to be
operated upon. As the cap is properly closed in around the wood, and is delivered
from between the rollers, it passes between vertical plates properly distanced
apart by means of pins &¹¹ etc. having lock nuts thereon, which plates prevent it
from becoming twisted as it passes out from between the rollers. As the hames are
delivered clear from the rollers they fall down between the plates ³ ³ and are
gathered up at the bottom thereof." A vertical section of these plates, taken on
line y y, figure 10, shewing the means by which they are fixed at the top, is shewn
by figure 17. The plates are widened out for a short distance from the top and
bottom, respectively, to allow room for the adjustment of the inside lock nuts, and
are fixed at the top to an angle iron p which is itself fixed to the top of the framing
of the machine, as shewn in other of the views. The plates are fixed at the bottom,
by means of the bottom pin k¹, to the bottom of the framing.
In order to complete the closing up of the caps, if such is necessary, and to give a
better appearance and finish to the hames, after the caps have been closed up between
the rollers S S', they are passed between the rollers 12, L³, of which the roller L² is
fixed on the opposite end of the shaft M' to that on which the roller S is fixed, and
the roller L³ is carried to turn loosely on the corresponding end of the shaft M. This
pair of rollers is shewn in side elevation by figure 18. The roiler L³ is a plain
roller of small diameter having a plain V-d groove thercaround to suit the V-d edge
of the hame, and the roller L² is, preferably, of a diameter which permits of its
periphery being shaped to roll out two hames for each revolution. The periphery of
this roller is formed, on opposite sides of the centre, of a grooved shape, the section
of each groove, respectively, varying longitudinally so as to suit the varying section
of the lame as it passes between the rollers, and gaps are formed, as shewn, dividing
the grooved parts of the periphery from one another. A hame is placed in position
between the rollers L2 and L³ exactly as the cap with the wood therein is placed
between the rollers S S¹ before described, a stop being formed on the leading end
of each groove to form a gauge for placing the hame in position to pass between the
rollers. These rollers roll the hame between them up to about the points (see
figure 11) the remaining curved part of the upper part of the hame projecting, as
the parts of the hame adjacent thereto are pressed within the groove of the roller,
somewhat within the gap at the back end of the part of the periphery of the roller L'
within which the hame is being rolled. No guides are required in combination with
these rollers. The operation of these rollers completely closes up the joint or scam of
the cap, if the same is left after the operation of the rollers S S' slightly open in
any parts, and gives a finish to the hames.
These rollers also may be employed to close up the joints or seams of the caps, if
necessary, and to give a finish to the hames, in cases in which the caps, whether made
as above described or in other manner, have been closed up by hand.
The bearing blocks J2 J2 for the shaft M are carried in sluices in the framings, as
shewn, so that they may be conveniently raised or lowered to suit different sizes of
rollers, and also so that they may be capable of rising slightly to relieve undue strain
upon the rollers on such shaft. These blocks are each carried from the top of the
framing by means of a bolt m³ connected at its lower end with a lug upon the block
and passing up through the top of the framing against the top of which a
nut on the bolt is screwed down. Each block is also connected with the upper end

page_text: of a powerful spring J3, by means of a transverse lever K¹ pivotted to such spring
and rods etc. and n n etc., the former of which connect the ends of the lever K
with the lower ends of the latter, and the latter of which, that is the rods n n etc.,
pass up through the blocks J2 J2, and a downward pressure is put upon such blocks
by means of nuts upon the pins n n etc. which are tightened down upon the blocks
until considerable tension is put upon the spring J³, of which the lower end is
connected with a lug on the bed L' of the machine, and thus while the tension of the
spring holds down the blocks J2 J2 sufficiently to resist the ordinary pressure between
the rollers as a cap and wood therein (or hame) is passed between the rollers, the
spring allows either or both the bearings to yield as may be necessary in consequence
of any irregularities in the shape of the cap or hame or of the rollers themselves.
The bolts m² m² prevent the blocks J2 J3 from being drawn down beyond their proper
position by the tension of the spring J³ and these blocks may be readily adjusted as
to height by means of the nuts on the bolts m² m² and on the rods n n etc. We find
that a downward tension or pull of about 50 hundredweights on each bearing is
sufficient for the above purpose.
The manufacture of half cased hames, according to this invention, will now be
readily understood.
In this case the blanks for the caps are first grooved in tools corresponding to the
tools B1 B2 B2 before described, and the upper tool is, preferably, formed to a curved
shape at its narrower end, as shewn in figure 22, before described, in order that the
upper end of the blank may be curved to the desired shape longitudinally by the same
operation which grooves the blank. It is not essential in this case that the blanks be
of steel or of special quality of iron, as the gauges of metal employed for the caps of
half cased hames are thinner than those of the metal employed for the caps of full
cased hames. For this reason, also, the lower tools may be conveniently formed plain
down their inner faces, instead of with the projecting parts e e described with reference
to the tools B² B2. Instead of curving the upper ends of these blanks in the manner
described, they may be curved in a tool corresponding to the tool F, if desired, after
being grooved.
The grooved blanks are then reheated and have their lower ends curved in the
tools G G before described, or in corresponding tools, and are then removed without
further heating to the tools J, JJ', before described, or corresponding tools, and
are operated upon by such tools exactly as, and for the corresponding purpose for
which, the tools J, J J¹ have been described as operating on the grooved blanks for
the full caps.
The half caps are next "plugged" and punched in the usual manner, and are then
fixed upon the woods by means of the roller S before described, or a corresponding
roller, operating in combination with a roller corresponding to and mounted in the
manner described with reference to the roller S¹, but differently grooved so as to suit,
in combination with the roller S, or corresponding roller, the sectional shape of a
half-cased hame and the wood therein. Figures 19, 20 and 21 are corresponding
sections to those shewn, respectively, by figures 14, 15 and 16, but shew the cap and
wood for a half-cased "thick top" hame being carried through between the roller S
and a roller corresponding to the roller S'. Half cased hames, being made right and
left handed, interchangeable rollers corresponding to the roller S, but formed on
their respective peripheries to suit right and left hand half cased hames, are employed,
as required, in fixing the caps to the woods. It is not found necessary to finish the
half cased hames between rollers corresponding to the rollers L² L³, as they leave the
fixing rollers in a finished state ready for bobbing.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. Grooving the blanks of the caps for full cased and half-cased hames in tools
which permit of such blanks falling clear thereof after they are grooved, substantially
as described for the purpose set forth.

page_text: 2. A bottom tool, or bottom pair of tools, for grooving the blanks of caps for full
cased and half cased hames, having a clear opening between the opposing faces for
their whole depth, and also an opening through the bed supporting such tools,
substantially as described for the purpose set forth.
3. The tools B B³ constructed and operating substantially as described and shewn,
for the purpose set forth, and also the means by which such tools, when made
separately, are adjusted and fixed, substantially as described and shewn.
4. The projections e e on the tools B2 B², substantially as described for the purpose
set forth.
5. Grooving blanks (when of steel or of good quality iron) for the caps of full
cased hames, and also the blanks for the caps of half cased hames, and at the same
operation curving their upper ends longitudinally, substantially as described.
6. An upper grooving tool curved at its narrower end, as shewn by figure 22,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
7. Bending the lower ends of grooved blanks for the caps of full cased and half
cased hames in longitudinally curved tools of which the upper is formed convex at
its face in cross section and of which the lower is formed concave at its face in cross
section, substantially as described for the purpose set forth..
8. The bending tools G G¹ of which the tool G is the upper and the tool G' the
lower, for the purpose set forth.
9. The opening m through the lower tool G¹, substantially as described and shewn,
for the purpose set forth.
10. Taking out any puckers left in the sides of grooved blanks for the caps of full
cased or half cased hames which have been left therein by the tools employed to curve
the lower ends of such blanks longitudinally, and forming the grooves therein to a
proper width in case they have not been so formed by such tools, in tools specially
constructed and operating for such purpose, substantially as described.
11. The tools J and JJ constructed and operating substantially as described, for
the purpose set forth, and whether the tools J J' are formed as rollers or otherwise
as described in lieu thereof.
12. The means by which the tools J1 J1 are pressed towards one another, and also
the means by which they are adjusted in relation to one another, substantially as
described and shewn, for the purpose set forth.
13. Fixing or closing up the caps for full cased or half cased hames, around or
partially around the woods thereof by the aid of rollers between which such caps and
woods are passed, substantially as described.
14. The rollers S and S¹ the latter of which is formed on its periphery to suit
either a full cased or a half cased hame as may be desired, constructed and operating
substantially as described for the purpose set forth.
15. Guiding a cap with a wood therein for a full cased or half cased hame, as it is
passed through fixing rollers, so as to prevent it from becoming twisted or bent out
of shape by the operation of such rollers, substantially as described.
16. The guide trough H2, substantially as described and shewn, for the purpose
set forth.
17. The guide plates j³ ³, substantially as described and shewn, for the purpose
set forth.
18. Mounting one of the fixing rollers above described loosely on its shaft, and
gearing it therewith by the aid of a spring, that it may be moved automatically into
its proper position, in relation to the other fixing roller, for receiving a cap and wood
for a full cased or half cased hame, immediately a hame has been completely operated
upon by such rollers, substantially as described.
19. The combination of a fixing roller, a shaft on which it is loosely mounted, a
block F2 fixed upon such shaft, bar e fixed to the block, stop F3 on the roller, and
spring joining a stud on the roller with the leading end of the bar e, substantially
as described and shewn, for the purpose set forth.
20. Passing full cased hames through finishing rollers to completely close up the
joint or seam of the cap if such is left in any way open, and to give them a better

page_text: appearance and finish, after the caps have been fixed by the aid of fixing rollers, or
have been otherwise fixed, substantially as described.
21. The finishing rollers L' L³, substantially as described and shewn, for the purpose
set forth.
22. The means by which one of the rollers of each pair of fixing and finishing
rollers above described, or of either pair, or one of such pairs, may yield somewhat to
avoid undue strain, substantially as described.
23. The general construction of the machine, substantially as described, for fixing
the caps of full cased and half cased hames upon the woods, and also, in combination
therewith, the addition thereto for the purpose of further closing up the joints or
seams of the caps of full cased hames, if necessary or desirable, and of giving a
better appearance and finish to such hames, after the same have been operated upon
by the fixing rollers, substantially as described.
Dated this Sixth day of October 1887.
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Walsall and Wolverhampton,
Agent for the Applicants.