IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO PRINTING AND DYEING.WOVEN FABRICS AND FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Jakens, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturing Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE
TO PRINTING AND DYEING. WOVEN FABRICS AND FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Sealed the 20th November 1857, and dated the 20th May 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Jakens at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th May 1857.
I, JOSEPH JAKENS, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturing
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS APPLICABLE TO PRINTING AND DYEING WOVEN FABRICS AND FIBROUS
MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a material which may be used as á substitute for
the acetate or other salts of iron now employed as mordants. To obtain this
material, I treat a sulphuret of iron with acids, as the muriatic acid, and
especially for this purpose I employ the refuse material arising from the
manufacture of sulphuric acid when that substance is obtained from pyrites: ..

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Jakens in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
20th November 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
JAKENS, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Joseph Jabens, Her special license that I, the said Joseph Jakens, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph
Jabens, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLI-
CABLE TO PRINTING AND DYEING WOVEN FABRICS AND FIBROUS MATERIALS," upon
the condition, amongst others, that I, the said Joseph Jakens, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Jakens, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and, by the follow-
ing statement, that is to say:-
My Invention relates to a material which may be used as a substitute for
the acetate or other salts of iron now employed as mordaunts. To obtain this,
I employ the refuse material arising from the manufacture of sulphuric acid
when that substance is obtained from pyrites. The details of the method by
which my Invention may be carried out may be varied to some extent.
I will, however, point out a course which I have adopted and found to
answer the purpose. I take the refuse of the vitriol manufacture as aforesaid,
which refuse is composed of or contains sulphuret of iron, this I break into
fragments and digest in a stone vessel with muriatic acid of about the strength
of thirty to thirty-four Twaddle; I allow the operation to continue for five

page_text: or six hours, and during that time apply heat by blowing steam into the
mixture, or by external application. The liquor is then drawn off, and as this
probably consists of a mixture of protochloride and perchloride of iron, I pass
chlorine gas through in order to raise it to the higher chloride. This completes
the operation, the liquor being ready for use as a mordaunt in dyeing and
printing woven fabrics and materials.
I will, however, point out certain modifications I have found desirable to
meet particular cases. Should the muriatic acid contain sulphuric acid, I add
bleaching liquor (chloride of lime). If the mordaunt be intended for use in
printing, I sometimes find it desirable to add thereto pyroligneous acid, the
exact quantity does not appear to be material, but if the iron be at twenty-
eight Twaddle it may be reduced by the pyroligneous acid to twenty-four.
The addition of this substance I find of advantage in bringing up "sharp
points."
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be
understood, that I do not limit myself to the details above described, that
which I claim as secured to me under the above in part recited Letters Patent,
being the production of a mordaunt as aforesaid, by treating the refuse of the
vitriol manufacture, when pyrites are used, with muriatic acid.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Jakins, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
JOSEPH JAKENS. (L.S.)