Improvements in and Fittings relating to Casement Windows or Doors, and to other Doors and Windows.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Jan., 1891
Complete Specification Left. 29th Sept., 1891-Accepted, 7th Nov:: 1891.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Fittings relating to Casement Windows or
Doors, and to other Doors and Windows.
I, JOHN SIM, of 160 High Street, Montrose, Forfarshire, Architect and
Surveyor do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
This invention has reference to, and comprises new or improved modes of, and
fittings connected with, the mounting of hinged casement windows, or doors, and
other doors and windows, for the purpose of permitting the sashes, or doors, being
raised up so that they may be swivelled inwards over their frame sills, or other sills,
for holding them up when raised, and for making them fall down on their sills
automatically when shut, in order that these sashes, or doors, may be made water
and draught-tight or their sills and stops; and also for allowing their free action
on new or improved constructions of hinges, and the fittings therewith connected,
so that the windows or doors may be opened inward for cleaning the outside within
the apartment, for ventilation, and for other purposes; and that the windows, or
doors, may be left open to any extent desired, and remain firm by their own weight,
without the necessity for using any casement stay or fastener; the whole comprising
improvements on Patent No. 14739, Sept. 18th, 1889, with the view of rendering
springs unnecessary, or only using them to carry a portion of the weight of the
windows or doors; making a latch unnecessary; raising the window sashes or doors
by means of a lever; for holding up the sashes or doors when raised; and for
letting the sashes or doors fall automatically on their frame sills or other sills when
closed; and also for lowering by hand.
The nature and novelty of the improvements consist all as follows:-
First, as regards the mounting of the casement windows or doors on their hinges,
these would be mounted on the swivel pin of their hinges, so as to permit of their
being lifted from a half inch to one inch, or less or more as desired, from their
frame sills to clear these on being swivelled inwards from their fixed frames. By
one improvement the one part of each hinge would be screwed as usual to the
fixed frame of the sash or door, while the other would be screwed to the sash or
door; the hinge would have a recess or gap between the respective swivelling eyes
of these parts of the hinge, or it might be above, or below, them sufficient to allow
the sash or door to be raised up from its frame sill high enough to clear it, so that
it could be swivelled inward over the floor, as will be hereinafter explained, and to
be lowered on the frame or other sill again when closed, so that the sash or door
would be wind and watertight on its sill and stops.
By a further improvement a swivelling eye would be screwed to the hanging
frame of the sash or door, or on the sill in the case of a window, having a swivelling
spindle with head resting on the top of the swivelling eye, and a flange or short
arm projecting out from the side of the top of the swivelling pin, and from one half
inch to one inch long, or less or, more as desired; this flange or arm would have a
hole or other suitable means for connecting the end of a lever or bar to be used for
raising up the window or door, and which would extend from the before described
arm or flange to the style of the window or door opposite to the hinging style,
where it would be finished with a handle for the purpose of raising and lowering it,
and an arrangement for holding up the lever or bar when raised, and for letting it
down automatically when the window or door is closed, as will be hereafter
described. The lever or bar, above described, would have a projecting pin or
plate screwed to the frame of the sash or door either above, within, or below the
lever or bar, in such a position as might be considered advisable according to the
weight of the window or door to be raised.

page_text: The lever or bar would terminate at the style of the window or door opposite
the hinging style, and close to an upright, arm or crank, which would be made to
swivel or piyot on a pin at or near the middle of its length, have a notch or heel
near 'its upper end, &a projecting head or bolt at its lower end; a spring would be
placed behind the upright arm or crank near its upper end, and fixed to press the
upper end forward so that when the lever or bar was raised high enough, the notch
or heel of the upright arm or crank would slip forward below the end of the lever
or bar and thus hold it up the projecting head or bolt at the lower end of the
upright arm or crank would be made 80 as-to-project-beyond-the-side of the style
next the frame or post of the window or door, and be bevilled similar to an ordinary
latch bolt, so that when the window or door is closed it would strike against a
striking plate, fixed on the window frame or door post, and by being driven back
would withdraw the notch or heel at the upper end of the upright arm or crank,
from below the end of the lever or bar used for raising the window or door, and
thus allow the window or door to fall down on its frame sill or other sill this
arrangement for holding up the end of the lever or bar might be formed like an
ordinary small rim latch or lock. When the window or door is closed and lowered
on its frame sill or other sill, by raising up the lever or bar by the handle it follows
that because the other end of the lever or bar is fixed to the short arm of the
swivelling spindle and thus acting as a fulcrum, and because of the projecting pin
or plate screwed to the frame of the sash or door, the window or door must be
raised along with the lever or bar; when the lever or bar has been raised above
the height of the notch or heel in the upright pin or crank, the spring will push
the notch or heel, below the end of the lever, and hold it up so that the window or
door can be swivelled inward over its frame sill or other sill. When it is desired
to leave the door partly open for ventilation, or othe: purposes, and so that it will
not slam with wind, or be readily moved, the bevilled head or bolt at the lower end
of the upright arm must be pushed back by hand, when the window or door will
drop down and rest firmly on its sill where required. When it is desired to close
the window or door it must be lifted off the frame sill or other sill, by raising the
lever as in the first movement, and in closing, the bevilled head of the projecting
bolt or latch will strike against the striking plate, and by being pushed back will
withdraw the notch or heel at the upper end of the upright arm or crank-from
below the end of the lever or bar for raising up the window or door, and allow the
window or door to fall down on its frame sill, or other sill automatically, and remain
wind and watertight on sill and stops.
By a further improvement a plate, having a blade spring on its face and held by
screws so that the spring could be adjusted would be screwed to the frame of the
sash or post of door near the top; and opposite same, on the side of the style of
the sash or door would be fixed a plate projecting half an inch, or more or less as
desired, and fitting into the space between the back plate and the blade spring, and
thus when the sash or door was closed the projecting arm would be firmly fixed
between the back plate and the adjustable blade spring keeper, and the sash or
door kept firmly pressed against the stops so as to make more watertight and
draught-tight, and yet when the sash or door was raised, for the purpose of being
swivelled inwards, would be above and clear of the blade spring keeper.
By a further improvement the weight of the sash or door might be partly carried,
or sustained, by spiral springs round the hinge pin; or by spiral, blade, or, coiled
springs, situated within the portion of the invention forming the raising or holding
up apparatus; or in connection with the lintel, or hinging style, and the frame
or post.
Although special hinges have been described, yet ordinary crook and band
ahinges, or lift off butts, might be used as the hinges for this invention; and:
although an apparatus for holding up the end of the lever or bar for raising the
sash or door, and for letting it down automatically. has been described, yet the
lever or bar might be raised by a key after the manner of a carriage lock or by
hand, and fastened up by means of a catch, or pin; and lowered again. by hand

page_text: when it was desired to close the sash, or door; and although a special form has
been described for holding up the end of the lever or bar, yet other forms may be
used to effect the same purpose; the lever or bar could be attached to the sash or
door in any position between the botton and the top, as might be desirable.
Dated this Twenty-seventh day of December Eighteen hundred and ninety years.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Fittings relating to Casement Windows or
Doors, and to other Doors and Windows.
I, JOHN SIM, of 160 High Street, Montrose, Forfarshire, Architect and
Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This invention has reference to and comprises, new or improved modes of, and
fittings connected with, the mounting of hinged casement windows, or doors, and
other doors and windows, for the purpose of permitting the sashes, or doors, being
raised up so that they may be swivelled inward over their frame sills, or other sills,
for holding them up when raised, and for allowing them to fall down on their sills
automatically when closed, in order that these sashes, or doors, may be made water
and draught-tight on their sills, and stops; and also for allowing their free action.
on new or improved constructions of hinges, and the fittings therewith connected so
that the windows, or doors, may be opened inwards, for cleaning the outside within
the apartment, for ventilation, and for other purposes; the whole comprising
improvements en Patent No. 14739, Septr. 18th, 1889, with the view of rendering
springs unnecessary, or only using them to carry a portion of the weight of the
windows, or doors; making a latch unnecessary; raising up the windows or doors
by means of sash lifters, or a lever, for holding up the windows, or doors, when.
raised, and for permitting the windows, or doors, to fall on their sills automatically
when closed.
And in order that the said invention and the manner of performing or carrying
the same into effect or use may be properly understood, I have appended hereunto
an explanatory sheet of drawings, in which the same letters of reference are used to
indicate corresponding parts in the figures where shewn.
Figure 1. is a plan of a window; it is broken at the figures 2-2. to save space
in the drawing.
It shews the posts A', A³, styles B1, B3, and the stops C1, C2, in section; and the.
sill of the frame A2, the bottom rail, or sill of the sash, 132, and part of the gun
metal plates E and F, in elevation.
Figures 2 and 4 are transverse sections of the edge of the window, broken,
at 1-1 to save height; they shew the sill and lintel of the frame A, A, the top
and bottom rail of the window sash B, B2, the stop at lintel C, and the cover plate
at lintel D, in section; and the hanging style of the window sash B'; the post
stop C', a side view of the hinges a, b, c &c., and the gun metal plates G and E, in.
elevation.
Figure 3 is an elevation of the window, its frame and hinges, broken at 1-1
and 2-2 to save breadth and height in the drawing; the back or knuckle of the
hinges, a. b. c, &c., the elevation of the fastener f, and its keeper h, g, the spring e,
and its back plate d, and the outer ends of the gun metal plates, on the frame
sill, E. and F, being shewn.
Figure 5 is a section through the gun metal plates and G shewing the manner
in which these plates are fitted on the sill of the sash, and on the frame sill, to a
larger scale than Figures 2 & 4.
Figure 6 is a plan, or elevation looking from above, of the gun metal plates F
and G.

page_text: Figure 7 is an elevation and section of the fastener to be fixed on the style, for
holding the sash firm.
Figure 8 is a side elevation of the spring and its back plate for pushing out the
sash, so that when lifted it may rest on the gun metal plate E.
Referring to Figures 1 to 8 the nature and novelty of the improvements consists
all as follows:-
First, as regards the mounting of the casement windows, or doors, on their
hinges, these would be mounted on the swivel pin of their hinges so as to permit of
their being lifted from a half inch to one inch, or less or more as desired, from their
frame sills, or other sills, to clear these on being swivelled inwards from their fixed
frames. By one improvement the one part of each hinge would be screwed as
usual to the fixed frame of the window on post A' while the other part would be
screwed as usual to the hanging style B of the sash, or door, the hinge would be
constructed so that the side with the swivelling eyes b, would slide up the hinge
pin C, till these eyes touched a, a' and slide down again when required, to the
position shewn in Fig. 2, the gap between the swivelling eyes a, &, and a² & b
being made as high, or large, as required for the sash to clear the frame sill when
being swivelled inwards over the floor, as will be hereinafter explained. When a
spring is placed round the hinge pin C in order to sustain a portion of the weight
of the sash, or door the space between the eyes b and a would be made sufficiently
far apart to allow room for the spring. Figures 2 and 3 shew a section through the
sash, and a side view of the hinges; and an elevation of the window and an end
view of the hinges, as they appear when the sash is closed and resting on the frame
sill A2 and Figure 4 shews a section through the sash as it would appear when
raised and ready to be swivelled inward, and a side view of the hinges in that
position.
By a further improvement the bottom of the sash sill B' would be protected by
gun metal plates at each end of the bottom rail B2, and these plates would extend
upwards as at H for a half inch, or less or more as desired; there would be two
similar plates E, F fixed on the frame sill A2, opposite these plates where
perpendicular, and extending inward over the frame sill horizontally as at F so
that when the window sash, or door frame was raised from its frame sill, or other
sill, as high as the horizontal portion of the plates E and F, and turned inward
slightly, the horizontal portion of the plate on the bottom of the sash sill just below
style 133 would rest on the horizontal portion of the plate E on the frame sill, and
thus the window sash, or door, would be supported and ready for being swivelled
inward over the floor; during the first part of the swivelling inward of the sash, or
door, a portion of the weight of the sash, or door, would rest on the plate E, and
when the horizontal part of the plate on the bottom, rail of the sash had passed
over the plate E the weight of the sash, or door, would be transferred to the
plate on the frame sill, and thus the window sash, or door, could be swivelled
freely inward or outward; when it is desired to close the window, or door, a move-
ment contrary to the above described would take place, till the plate on the window
sil or bottom rail opposite plate E had passed over the horizontal portion of
the plate E when the window sash, or door, would drop down automatically on the
frame sill J and thus the window would become closed and watertight and draught-
tight on its sill.
By a further improvement a spring e with its back plate d would be fixed on the
stop of the window, C2, so that when the sash, or door, was raised sufficiently high
to be turned, or swivelled inwards the force of the spring acting on a plate fixed
on 133 would tend to push the sash, or door inwards far enough to cause the plate
on the bottom rail of the sash opposite E to rest on E and thus keep the sash
ready for being swivelled inward.
By a further improvement a plate f having a keeper formed of a back plate h
and spring keeper g, would be screwed to style B' and post A³ and so adjusted that
when the sash, or door, drops automatically on its frame sill, or other sill, the
blade would be held firmly between the back plate & the spring keeper g, and

page_text: thus the upper portion of the door or window would be held firmly pressed against
the stops & thus kept watertight; the spring keeper being of a yielding nature
would in the event of the sash warping or swelling still act freely and effectively in
a manner superior to a rigid keeper.
Although special hinges have been described yet ordinary crook and band hinges,
or lift off butts, might be used as the hinges for this invention; and although gun
metal plates have been described yet other metal might be used, and also wheels or
rollers in connection therewith to lessen friction, and make the swivelling of the
sash, or door, easier and prevent tear and wear of the plates; and although plates
have been described as being placed at each corner of the sash and frame sill yet
they might be continuous and extend the full length of both the sash sill and the
frame sill, and have projections at the ends of the frame sill to prevent the whole
sill being rubbed and although springs have been described for carrying a portion
of the weight of the sash, or door, yet springs are not essential, and sash lifts of an
ordinary type, or lever power, or cords and pulley, might be used as a means of
raising the window sash, or door, of this invention previous to swivelling inwards
over the floor.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what T
claim is :-
First. The construction and arrangement of casement windows, and doors, and
such like structures and their hinges, and supporting springs, and fittings, substan-
tially as and for the purposes and advantages described in reference to and shewn
on the accompanying drawings.
Second. The constructing of casement windows, and doors, and such like
structures, so that they can be raised up and swivelled inwards resting on plates on
the frame sill and falling down automatically on the frame sill when closed,
substantially as herein described and shewn on the accompanying drawings.
Third. The constructing of casement windows, and doors, or such like structures,
with a spring in the stop, or style, as a means of pushing out the sash, or door,
when raised; and a spring keeper for holding the sash, or door, firmly pressed
against the stops when the sash, or door, is closed, substantially as herein described
and as shewn on the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 26th day of September 1891.