AN IMPRO METHOD OF AND APPARATUS POR DRYING MALT, CORN, AND OTHER. ARTICLES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Strangman Davis Goff, Henry Davis, Samuel
Strangman and Edward Strangman, of the Firm of Davis, Strangman,
& Co., Waterford, Ireland, Brewers, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
Sealed the 21st February 1860, and dated the 2nd September 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Strangman Davis Goff,
Henry Davis, Samuel Strangman, and Edward Strangman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 2nd
September 1859.
We, STRANGMAN DAVIS GOFF, HENRY DAVIS, SAMUEL STRANGMAN, and
EDWARD STRANGMAN, of the Firm of Davis, Strangman, & Co., Waterford,
Ireland, Brewers, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS POR DRYING MALT, CORN, AND OTHER.
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists, firstly, in the application of air at a high tem
perature, by means of the apparatus herein-after described, for the purpose of
drying malt, grain, meat, and other articles, by the employment of which.
apparatus we are enabled to use air at a very high temperature without injury
to the malt or other delicate goods; and we have discovered that air at a high
temperature not only dries or expels moisture rapidly, but it destroys the.
invisible organic matter, fungi, or infection, the presence of which we have

page_text: discovered in nearly all kinds of grain (analogous to "must" in flour), and in
the meat of diseased animals, and which, if undestroyed, would rapidly cause
deterioration, fermentation, or putrefaction. As regards malt, we have also
discovered that acidity or unsoundness of the beer brewed therefrom can be
better prevented by screening and drying the malt at a high temperature, by
means of this method and apparatus than by the use of hops, which have
been heretofore the only recognized preventatives of such acidity.
The apparatus which constitutes the second part of our improvements
consists of the following arrangement:-A drying room, heated by hot air by
means of a fan or blower, is divided into an upper and lower chamber by a
wire or perforated metal floor or screen supported on suitable joists, and on
this wire or perforated floor the malt or other article is placed, and partially
dried. At one end of this floor is a "shoot," communicating with one end of
an inclined revolving screen in the lower chamber. This revolving screen is
a wire cylinder of a hexagonal, circular, or other section, entirely open through
the centre, and having no central shaft or axis passing through it. The
interior of this screen is provided with three or more curved blades or shovels,
extending the whole length of the cylinder, and fastened to its internal cir-
cumference and to the two ends, and extending inwards about half way to
the centre of the same. The revolving screen is mounted in suitable bearings
at each end, and has an opening or openings at its lower end for the exit of
the malt or other article, being caused to revolve slowly by means of spur
wheels or other gearing. It will be evident that the malt or other article,
being introduced into the interior of the revolving screen by a large opening
at its upper end, will be turned over and kept in motion by the curved blades
or shovels at the same time that it is submitted to the action of the air at a
very high temperature, and thus thoroughly dried as it slowly descends to the
exit at the other end of the screen.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by, the said Strangman Davis Goff, Henry Davis, Samuel Strangman,
and Edward Strangman in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 2nd
March 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, STRANGMAN
DAVIS GOFF, HENRY DAVIS, SAMUEL STRANGMAN, and EDWARD STRANGMAN, of
the Firm of Davis, Strangman, & Co., Waterford, Ireland, Brewers, send 8
greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Strangman Davis Goff, Henry Davis, Samuel Strangman, and Edward
Strangman, Her special licence that we, the said Strangman Davis Goff,
Henry Davis, Samuel Strangman, and Edward Strangman, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Strangman
Davis Goff, Henry Davis, Samuel Strangman, and Edward Strangman, our'
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS
FOR DRYING MALT, COEN, AND OTHER ARTICLES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said Strangman Davis Goff, Henry Davis, Samuel
Strangman, and Edward Strangman, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our, or one of our, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
montbs next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Strangman Davis Goff, Henry Davis,
Samuel Strangman, and Edward Strangman, do hereby declare the nature of
our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement in
writing, and on reference to the accompanying Drawings, that is to say:―
Our Invention consists, firstly, in the application of air at a high tem-
perature by means of the apparatus herein-after described, for the purpose of
drying malt, grain, meat, and other articles, by the employment of which
apparatus we are enabled to use air at a very high temperature, without injury
to the malt or other delicate goods; and we have discovered that air at a high
temperature not only dries or expels moisture rapidly, but it destroys the invi-
sible organic matter, fungi, or germs of animal or vegetable life, the presence
of which we have discovered in nearly all kinds of grain (analogous to "must"
in flour) and in the meat of diseased animals, and which, if undestroyed, would
rapidly cause deterioration, fermentation, or putrefaction.
As regards malt, we have also discovered that acidity or unsoundness of the.
beer brewed therefrom proceeds from the same cause, namely; the presence of

page_text: the germs of animal or vegetable life, and can be better prevented by screening
and drying the malt at a high temperature by means of this method and
apparatus than by the use of hops, which have been heretofore the only
recognized preventatives of such acidity. .
The apparatus which constitutes the second part of our improvements consists
of the following arrangement:-A drying room, heated by hot air by means of
a fan or blower, is divided into an upper and lower.chamber by a wire or .per-
forated metal floor or screen supported on wooden joists, and on this wire or
perforated floor the malt or other article is placed and partially dried.
At one end of this floor is a "shoot," communicating with one end of an
inclined revolving screen in the lower chamber. This revolving screen is a
.wire cylinder of a hexagonal, circular, or other section, entirely open through
the centre, and having no central shaft or axis passing through it. The
interior of this screen is provided with three or more curved blades or shovels
extending the whole length of the cylinder, and fastened to its internal cir-
cumference and to the two ends, and extending inwards about half way to the
.centre of the same. The revolving screen is mounted in suitable bearings.at
each end, and has an. opening or openings at its lower end for the exit of the
malt or other article, being caused to revolve slowly by means of spur wheels
or other gearing.
In order that this part of our Invention may be clearly understood, and to
describe the same more in detail, we have annexed hereunto a Sheet of
Drawings illustrative of the same, and have marked thereon figures and
letters of reference corresponding with those in the following explanation
thereof, that is to say:-
Figure 1 is a vertical section of the kiln and its apparatus. A, A, is a kiln
built of sheet iron, supported by suitable wooden or other framing, and divided
into an upper and lower chamber B, B, and C, C, by a wire or perforated or
punched metal floor or screen D, D, supported on suitable wooden joists E, E;
F, F, is a "shoot" communicating from the floor of the upper chamber B, B,
with one end of an inclined revolving screen G, G, in the lower chamber C, C,
which screen is caused to revolve slowly by means of the spur gearing H, H,
and has an exit I, I, for the grain, &c., at its lower end; J, J, is a passage for
the admission of heated air at a high temperature, to be forced in by a fan or
other suitable means.
.
The construction of the revolving screen G, G, is clearly shown at Figure :1
in longitudinal section, and Figure 2 is an enlarged transverse section of the
The ends of the screen are formed of two plates a, a, of an octagonal
form, one of which has a solid axis b, and the other a hollow axis 6* commu-
same.

page_text: nicating with the "shoot" F, F. c, c, are longitudinal ribs of angle iron,
forming the skeleton of the screen, which is covered from end to end with
wire gauze or perforated metal; d, d, are curved shovels for agitating the
grain, which are attached to the metal ribs c, c; and e, e, are wrought-iron
bands outside the screen.
It will be evident that the malt or other article, having been partially dried
in the upper chamber B, B, and being introduced into the interior of the
revolving screen G, G, in the lower chamber C, C, by the large opening at its
upper end, will be turned over and kept in motion by the curved blades or
shovels d, d, at the same time that it is submitted to the action of the air at a
very high temperature, and thus thoroughly dried as it slowly descends to the
exit I, I, at the other end of the screen.
Having now described the nature and object of our said Invention for
"An Improved Method of and Apparatus for Drying Malt, Corn, and other
Articles," together with the manner of carrying the same into practical effect,
we would remark in conclusion that we claim as our Invention,―
Firstly, the method of drying such articles by the application of air at a
very high temperature (sufficient to destroy all germs of animal or vegetable
life) by means of the apparatus herein-before described.
And, secondly, the general construction and arrangement of the apparatus
for such purposes as exhibited in the annexed Drawings, and above more
particularly set forth and described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Henry Davis and Edward Strangman,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, the Twenty-seventh day of
February, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty.
HENRY DAVIS.
(L.S.)
EDWARD STRANGMAN. (L.S.)

page_text: Filed 10th August 1861.
In the Matter of the Letters Patent granted to STRANGMAN DAVIS
GOFF, HENRY DAVIS, SAMUEL STRANGMAN and EDWARD STRANGMAN
of the firm of Davis, Strangman and Company, Waterford, Ireland,
Brewers, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF, AND
APPARATUS FOR DRYING MALT, CORN, AND OTHER ARTICLES," bearing
· date the Second day of September One thousand eight hundred-and
fifty-nine, No. 2005.
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to be
filed by the said Patentees of the said Letters Patent in pursuance of
the Statutes in such case made and provided.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, STRANGMAN.
DAVIS GOFF, HENRY DAVIS, SAMUEL STRANGMAN,' and EDWARD STRANGMAN, of
Waterford, Ireland, Brewers and Co-partners, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Royal
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of September, in the year of
Our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, and in the twenty-third
year of Her Reign, did grant unto us the said Strangman Davis Goff, Henry.
Davis, Samuel Strangman, and Edward Strangman,.. our executors, adminis-

page_text: trators, and assigns, the sole privilege to make, use, exercise, and vend our
Invention therein entituled "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF, AND APPARATUS FOR
DRYING MALT, CORN, AND OTHER ARTICLES," (which title is intended to be hereby
altered so as to be in these words "An Improved Apparatus for Drying Malt,
Corn, and other Articles,") within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, during the term of
fourteen years thence next ensuing. And whereas in pursuance of a
condition in the said Letters Patent contained, we did by a Specification
in writing, under the hands and seals of the said Henry Davis and Edward
Strangman, particularly describe and ascertain the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and did cause
the said Specification to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
the time and in the manner prescribed by the said condition. And whereas
since the filing of our said Specification we have been advised that it is
doubtful whether we were the first persons who discovered the effects of
air at a high temperature mentioned in our said Specification, and that
it is also doubtful whether our said Specification may not be construed as
claiming the application of air at a high temperature for the purposes
therein mentioned, not only by the apparatus therein described, but also
by other means, and in order to prevent all doubt respecting the construction
of our said Specification, and the validity of our said Letters Patent we are
desirous of making and entering the Disclaimer and alteration hereinafter
contained.
66
Now, therefore these Presents witness that we the said Strangman Davis
Goff, Henry Davis, Samuel Strangman, and Edward Strangman, with the
leave of Her Majesty's Attorney General, and for the reasons aforesaid, do
hereby disclaim the words Method of and " contained in the title of our
said Invention in the said Letters Patent, and do hereby alter the said title
so that it shall henceforth be in these words "An Improved Apparatus for
Drying Malt, Corn, and other Articles," and with the leave aforesaid and
for the reasons aforesaid, we do hereby disclaim the word "firstly" which
follows immediately after the words "our Invention consists" at or near
to the commencement of the description of our said Invention contained in
the said Specification. And we do also disclaim the several words following
contained in the same description of our said Invention (that is to say)
the words "we have discovered that" also the words "we have discovered"
also the words "and .which," also the words "we have also discovered that,"
also. the words "method and," also the words "the only," also the words

page_text: 66
"the second part of," also the words "this part of," and also the words
"method of and," and we also disclaim the words "firstly the method of," and
the words "by means of the apparatus herein-before described and secondly
contained in the claims at or near to the end of the said Specification.
And with the leave aforesaid and for the reasons aforesaid, we do hereby
alter the said Specification by inserting at the end of the description of
the said Invention the following words "we do not claim the mechanical
"parts or elements of which the apparatus herein described is or may be
composed as being (separate or apart from the combination and application"
"thereof in manner and for the purposes herein described) any part of the
"Invention comprised in the said Letters Patent." And with the leave
aforesaid, and for the reasons aforesaid, and in order to make the effect of
this present Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration more easily understood,
we do hereby declare that our said Specification shall be, and the same is
hereby altered so that the same shall with the aid of the Drawings accompany-
ing the said Specification describe and ascertain our said Invention in the
words, letters, and figures following :-
•
i
"Our Invention consists in the application of air at a high temperature
by means of the apparatus herein-after described for the purpose of drying
"malt, grain, meat, and other articles, by the employment of which apparatus,
"we are enabled to use air at a very high temperature without injury to the
65
malt or other delicate goods, and air at a high temperature not only
"dries or expels moisture rapidly, but it destroys the invisible organic'
matter, fungi or germs of animal or vegetable life, the presence of which'
"in nearly all kinds of grain (analogous to "must" in flour) and in the meat
"of diseased animals, if undestroyed, would rapidly. cause deterioration,
fermentation, or putrification."
66
"As regards malt; acidity, or unsoundness of the beer brewed therefrom
"proceeds from the same cause, namely, the presence of the germs of animal
"or vegetable life, and can be better prevented by screening and drying
"the malt at a high temperature by means of this apparatus than by the
use of hops which have been heretofore recognized preventatives of such
"acidity."
46
"The apparatus" which constitutes our improvements consists of the
"following arrangement:-A drying room, heated by hot air by means of a
"fan or blower, is divided into an upper and lower chamber by a wire or
"perforated metal floor- or screen' supported. on wooden joists, and on this
"wire or perforated floor the malt or other article is placed and partially

page_text: "
66
"dried. At one end of this floor is a 'shoot' communicating with one end
of an inclined revolving screen in the lower chamber. This revolving
screen is a wire cylinder of a hexagonal, circular, or other section, entirely
open through the centre, and having no central shaft or axis passing
through it, the interior of this. screen is provided with three or more
"curved blades or shovels extending the whole length of the cylinder and
"fastened to its internal circumference and to the two ends, and extending
"inwards about half-way to the centre of the same; the revolving screen
"is mounted in suitable bearings at each end, and has an opening or openings.
" at its lower end for the exit of the malt or other article, being caused
to revolve slowly by means of spur wheels or other gearing.".
:
"In order that our Invention may be clearly understood, and to describe
"the same more in detail; we have annexed hereunto a Sheet of Drawings.
illustrative of the same, and have .marked thereon figures and letters of
"reference corresponding with those in the following explanation thereof,
"that is to say: "-.
"
Figure 1 is a vertical section of the kiln, and its apparatus. A, A, is a
"kiln built of sheet iron supported by suitable wooden or other framing,
" and divided into an upper and lower chamber B, B, and C, C, by a wire-
or perforated or punched metal floor or screen D, D, supported on suitable
"wooden joists E, E; F, F, is a 'shoot' communicating from the floor
"of the upper chamber B, B, with one end of an inclined revolving screen.
G, G, in the lower chamber C, C, which screen is caused to, revolve
"slowly by means of the spur gearing H, H, and has an exit I, J, for the
grain, &c., at its lower end; J, J, is a passage for the admission of heated
"air. at a bigh temperature to be forced in by a fan or other suitablo
"meaus."
"
15
"The construction of the revolving screen G, G, is clearly shewn at
"Figure 1 in longitudinal section, and Figure 2 is an enlarged transverse
section of the same, the ends of the screen are formed of two plates a, a,
"of an octagonal form, one of which has a solid axis b, and the other a
66
"
hollow axis 6* communicating with the 'shoot' F, F; c, c, aro longitudinal
"ribs of angle iron forming the skeleton of the screen, which is covered
"from end to end with wire gauze or perforated metal; d, d, are curved
66
shovels for agitating the grain which are attached to the metal ribs c, c;
"ande, e, are wrought-iron bands outside the screen."
.." It will be evident that the malt or other article having been partially
" dried in the upper chamber B, B, and being introduced into the interior

page_text: "of the revolving screen G, G, in the lower chamber C, C, by the large
"opening at its upper end will be turned over and kept in motiou by the
"curved blades or shovels d, d, at the same time that it is submitted to the
action of the air at a very high temperature, and thus thoroughly dried, as
"it slowly descends to the exit I, I, at the other end of the screen."
"We do not claim the mechanical parts or elements of which the apparatus
"herein described is or may be composed as being (separate or apart from
"the combination and application thereof in, manner and for the purposes
"herein described) any part of the Invention comprised in the said Letters
"Patent."
"Having now described the nature and object of our said Invention, for
"an improved apparatus for drying malt, corn, and other articles, together
"with the manner of carrying the same into practical effect, we would
"remark in conclusion that we claim as our Invention for drying such
"articles by the application of air at a very high temperature (sufficient to
"destroy all germs of animal or vegetable life) the general construction and
arrangement of the apparatus for such purposes as exhibited in the
"annexed Drawings and above more particularly set forth and described."
And we the said Strangman Davis Goff, Henry Davis, Samuel Strangman,
and Edward Strangman, do hereby declare that the above-written Disclaimer
and Memorandum of Alteration are not nor is either of them, nor is any part
thereof respectively intended to extend the exclusive right granted by the said
Letters Patent, and that these Presents shall not extend the said exclusive
right in any way whatsoever.
F
In witness whereof, we, the said Strangman Davis Goff, Henry Davis,
Samuel Strangman, and Edward Strangman, have hereunto set our
hands and seals, this Twenty-ninth day of June, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-one.

page_text: To the Commissioners of Patents for Inventions.
I hereby grant my fiat, giving leave to the above-mentioned Strangman
Davis Goff, Henry Davis, and Samuel Strangman, and Edward Strangman,
to file in the Great Seal Patent Office with the Specification to which the
same relates, the above-written Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration.
W. ATHERTON,