Year: 1888

page_text: .Date of Application, 26th Apr., 1888
Specification Accepted, 1st June, 1888
I, CHARLES TELLIER, of 20, Rue Félicien David, Paris, in the Republic of France,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the.
following statement
My invention relates to apparatus for producing cold by means of waste heat.
In order to enable my invention to be fully understood I will describe how it can
be carried into practice by reference to the accompanying drawing which is an
elovation partly in section of the apparatus I employ for producing ice and cold.
My improvements are based on the fact that when gases expand and produce
mechanical power they are obliged to borrow the heat necessary for that expansion
from the oodies which surround them, or from these gases themselves, thereby
providing a considerable source of cold.
This action has already been turned to account by the use of compressed air, but in
that case the product has been too expensive. By my improvements I am able to
produce cold economically from the latent heat possessed by the exhaust steam from
steam engines or other sources of waste heat.
For this purpose I conduct the exhaust sieam from a steam engine, by means of
a pipe A, into a vaporizing condenser B, B containing a solution of ammonia. The
exhaust steam passes into this vaporizer through a cluster of tubes, a portion of
which is shown at D, the vaporizer being represented as having a portion broken
for this purpose.
away
The solution becomes vaporized under a pressure of several atmospheres. The
ammoniacal gas thus produced is collected in a receiver C, C whilst the water
steam which is condensed in the tubes D returns in the liquid form to the steam
boiler through a pipe d, d.
The ammoniacal vapours which are collected in the receiver C, C are conducted into
the base E' of a refrigerator E.
They traverso a series of tubes F shown through a broken away portion of the
casing. Cold water is introduced into the refrigerator E through a pipe G and fills
it and passes off through a pipe G¹, G¹.

page_text: The ammoniacal vapours in this manner become cooled and escape from the
refrigerator E through a pipe H which conducts them to a second refrigerator J where
the cooling is completed by means which I will presently describe.
The vapours leave the refrigerator J through a pipe I and pass into and operate in
a suitable motor cylinder K. They exert on the piston of this cylinder a motive force
the extent of which depends on the power of the apparatus.
By reason of the expansion of the ammoniacal gas an intense cold is produced.
This cold is divided into two parts, one passing through the walls of the apparatus.
and the other being drawn along by the escaping vapours.
The cylinder can be isolated for preventing the loss of the first part of the cold
which is thereby forced to follow the escaping vapours.
In the drawing I have shown the cylinder K immersed in a tank L, L, L, L, filled
with an uncongealable liquid, which by means of a pipe 0, 0, 0, and a pump N is
continuously drawn into the tank L and forced into a refrigerator P, P, whence it is
taken through a pipe R to circulato in a freezing tank S, S whence the said liquid
by means of an overflow pipe T, T, is conducted back into the tank L, L, L, L.
It will thus be seen that by means of the pump N a constant circulation of
uncongealable liquid is established between the tank L, L, L, L, the refrigerator P, P,
and the freezing tank S, S. It will also be seen that in this tank are chambers 1, 1, 1,
which contain water or other liquids or substances to be submitted to the action of
the cold.
The exhaust vapours which leave the motor cylinder K through a tube M, M, are
brought by a pipe M'M' to the refrigerator P, P, in which they pass through all the
tubes V shown through the broken away portion of the casing. They yield their cold
to the solution which surrounds these tubes, but, as, in leaving the refrigerator P, P,
these vapours are not sufficiently heated to attain the temperature of the outside air,
they are taken back through a tube U, U, U, into the second refrigerator J in which
they produce the supplementary refrigerating action hereinbefore referred to.
Finally these vapours escape from the interchanger J through a pipe W, W, W, W,
which conducts them to a final refrigerator Z, Z, in which they traverse the interior
tubes Y.
This refrigerator only serves to cool the water which is to be used for the
congelation.
:
The said water coming from a suitable vessel through a tube z leaves through an
overflow pipe a, a and passes into a tank b where it is stored for future use.
The ammoniacal vapours leave the refrigerator Z, Z, by a tube c, c, c by which they
are led to a chamber d', d' of an absorption tank f, f, f, f. They enter the latter
through tubes h, h, h, h. A float enclosed within a box j keeps the absorption
´tank´ƒ,ƒ, ƒ,ƒ, constantly supplied by means of a pipe i.
The liquid leaves the condenser B, B, by the tube 1, 1, 1 and first traverses an
interchanger m, m through tubes m³ with which it is provided, then, by means of
the tube n, n, it reaches an interchanger o, o which it also traverses in the interior of
the tubes o; it then passes off through the tube p, p, the overflow r, and the
tube s'; s, s to the float box j.
The ammoniacal solution is thus re-formed in the absorption tank f,f,f,f,
where a
pump takes it and sends it through a tube u, u around the tubes m of inter-
changer m, m whence it leaves through the tube w, w, w, w and passes to the
vaporizing condenser B, B.
The object of this latter part of the operation is to cause the solution to enter the
"vapourizing condenser B, B in as hot a state as possible and the absorbing tank f,f,f,f,
in as cold a state as possible.
This operation is effected by a simple exchange in the interchanger m, m.
But as
it is important that the cooling of the liquid which goes to the absorption tank shall
be as complete as possible, this cooling is effected in the interchanger o, o by
causing water entering at X to circulate in the interchanger the water then
leaving at x.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I do not
claim the combination of parts above described for the purpose of producing motive
power by means of exhaust steam from a steam engine or of any other waste heat
but what I claim, for the purpose of producing cold by the employment of waste
heat, is
1. In machines for the production of cold by dynamic action, the substitution in
lieu of the mechanical compression of the gases, of the self-compression of these gases
by means of heat, (this compression being caused by means of heat in lien of being
produced by means of a dynamic action).
2. The employment of exhaust steam from steam engines, or of other sources of
heat, for the purpose above indicated.
3. The cooling of the vapours thus compressed before their introduction into the
motor cylinder.
4. The utilization of the frigorific action produced by means of exchange of
heat effected by the tank L, L, L, L, the refrigerator P; P, and the freezing
tank S, S.
5. The combination of the refrigerators J and Z, Z, for the complete utilization of
the cold produced.
6. The combination of the absorbing tank fiff, with the interchangers m, m, 0, 0,
for reproducing the solution employed and allowing a new automatic compression of
the vapours.