Improvements in Apparatus Serving as a Car Starter or Propeller and Brake.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Dec., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 16th Sept., 1891-Accepted, 17th Oct., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus Serving as a Car Starter or Propeller
and Brake.
A communication from ELBERT BRUSH PHILLIPS, of Cleveland, Ohio, United
States of America, Engineer.
1, FREDERICK CARRINGTON PHILLIPS, of 36 Craven Street, Strand, in the
County of London, Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to apparatus serving as a car starter or propeller
and brake.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is a plan view of a street car frame and truck having applied to it one
form of apparatus according to this invention.
Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation in the line ab of Fig. 1.
Figs. 3 and 4 are elevations as seen looking towards opposite sides of the car of
that part of the apparatus which is carried by the car axle.
Fig. 5 is an elevation at right angles to Figs. 3 and 4 and looking in the direction
of the arrow Fig. 1.
Fig. 6 shows a section through cd Figs. 3 and 7.
Fig. 7 shows a section through ef Figs. 5 and 6.
Fig. 8 shows a section through line gh Figs. 5 and 6 but with the axes of the
gear wheels F F in a horizontal plane.
Figs. 9 and 10 show the mechanism illustrated in Fig. 4 but with parts thereof
in different positions.
Fig. 11 is a section through the line j k Fig. 6 with the pawls, P P¹pp' removed.
The apparatus embodying this invention when applied to a tram car consists of
parts in relation to each other mounted on the car axle, and attached to the car
body as follows:-
The shell or drum D, (hereinafter called the drum) Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, is
loosely mounted on the car axle. Around this shell or drum D, is loosely mounted
the toothed ring R, with the clamp or gripper G which is adapted to clamp and hold
the ring R, as may. be desired.
The arm of the gripper is jointed to the car body by a link and is kept in
place on the drum D, by its sides extending into the drum (see Fig. 6) but freely,
so that the drum may at any time be freely revolved within the toothed ring R, and
the clamp or gripper G'.
In the drum D, at one side thereof there are internal teeth I, and at the other side
of the drum on the pins T, are mounted the pawls P P' and ppl (Figs. 6 and 7).
The pawls ppl are adapted to engage with the toothed ring R, by extending out
through spaces D' in the drum D. The pawls P P, are adapted to engage with
the toothed hub H, which is securely attached to the car axle and extends within
and bears against the drum D.
The toothed wheel A, (Figs. 6 and 8), is securely attached to the car axle against
the drum D, and in the same plane as the internal teeth 1.
B is a disc, plate, frame or part hereinafter called the disc. It has a central part
or boss and a lateral projection in the form of a short hollow cylinder B₁ having
around it an annular rib or projection B². The disc B is loosely mounted on the
car axle and is held in position against the toothed wheel A. by the hub O, which
is securely attached to the car axle. In the disc. B are fixed one or more studs E,
on each of which revolves a pinion F, which gears with the toothed wheel A and
with the internal teeth I. Surrounding the part B' of the disc B is the clamp or

page_text: gripper G adapted to clamp and hold the said part B' of the disc as may be desired.
The arm of the clamp or gripper G is jointed to the car body in a similar manner
to the clamp or gripper G and is retained in proper position in relation to the
disc B by fitting over the annular rib B².
The spring S is attached at one of its ends to the car body and at the other end
to a cable or chain C of suitable length which is attached to the drum D, in such a
manner that it holds the spring somewhat in tension and keeps the drum normally
in one position. Obviously although I have shown a spring adapted to be kept
normally in tension any suitable equivalent might be employed, such for example
as an arrangement of spring that would be normally in compression or would be
compressed as the chain or cable was wound upon the drum.
I will now.describe in detail the construction and operation of the clamps or
grippers, the pawls, and other minor parts of the apparatus.
The clamp or gripper G, used to hold the disc B, is a split cast iron ring with
an arm. The two parts of this ring are hinged together by the adjustable eye
bolti, and are regulated with each other to clamp the part B and hold the disc-B
by the levers J, L, and link K (Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5). The lever J and link K turn
freely on the pins o and m respectively, the pin in passing through one part of the
clamp or gripper and the pin o passing through the lever L, which turns freely upon
the pin n that passes through the other part of the clamp or gripper. The lever L
is held in position by the spring j.
The lever J fits over the link K, and they turn together on the pin l. When
these parts are drawn from the position shown in Fig. 4, to the position shown in
Fig. 9 the two parts of the clamp or gripper are obviously drawn together and
clamp the part B of the disc B. It is evident that when the lever L, is drawn to
the position shown by Fig. 10, the clamp or gripper will release the disc B. The
lever J and link K are drawn to the positions shown in Fig. 9 by a cable or
chain V leading to a lever W, (Figs. 1, 2) operated by the driver or person in
charge of the car, and to the positions in which they appear in Fig. 4, by the
spring Z. Those parts of the clamp or gripper (that come-into-frictional-contact-
with the part B of dise B so as to hold it, are kept free-from-it-when-the-gripper
is not in use by friction shoes located in spaces in opposite sides of G, and adapted
by springs to bear lightly upon either the part Bor Bor both when the clamp
or gripper is not in action to hold the disc, and to conform to the movements of the
clamp or gripper. These shoes are put into position so that they may be easily
taken out and renewed..
The gripper G is generally constructed in the same manner as gripper G, but
it may be without-the-friction-shoes, and_is_without the lever L, for obvious
reasons.
To prevent shock which might sometimes occur by the pawl suddenly engaging
with the toothed hub H when the toothed ring R is released it is advantageous to
employ one or more friction shoes carried by the gripper G¹ and adapted to bear
against the toothed ring R by a spring so as to release this ring gradually.
gripper G is also operated by a cable or chain V leading to the lever W.
The
It will be obvious that instead of a clamp or gripper G of the kind referred to,
a holding device such as a tooth or projection carried by the car, may be arranged
to enter between teeth on the exterior of the toothed ring and hold the same when
necessary suitable-means-operated-by-say-one-of-the-cables_V_being_provided to
disengage the tooth or projection from the ring when desired. I prefer however to
use a clamp or gripper of the kind herein described and shown as it will admit of
the ring being released gradually and without shock.
The pawls P P and p p (Figs. 6 and 7) mounted on the pins T in the drum D
comprise two sets which are exactly alike in construction and operation. The
pawls Pp constitute one set and are adapted to be used when the car is travelling
in one direction and the pawls P' p' constitute another set adapted to be used when
the car is travelling in the other direction.
I will now describe the set of pawls Pp. The parte constituting this set are

page_text: with the parts M and N for operating them, mounted on the pins T, see Figs. 7
and 11.
The pawl P operates with the part M by the pins which is driven into the side
of the pawl P and extends into the part M through an oblong holes which will
allow of a certain amount of circumferential movement between P and M, which is
restrained by the spring X tending to separate them. The part M is held in the
position shown with the pawl P free from the hub H, by the spring t, and has a
projection M that extends through the drum D into the groove D (Fig. 6) into
which the chain C winds. The pawl p operates with the part N by the pin u which
is driven into the pawl p and extends over N limiting the motion between them in
one direction and they are restrained against motion in the other direction by the
spring y. The part N is held in the position shown against the part M with the
pawl p free from the toothed ring R, by the spring w. The parts M and N are so
placed in relation to cach other that the movement of M will cause the movement
of N, they turning together on the pins T in opposite directions so as to cause the
pawls to engage with the toothed ring R, and hub H, respectively as shown by
the position of the other set of pawls Pip, (Fig. 7). When the parts M and N
are pressed inward by the action of the chain C on the projection M the pawls can
pass over the teeth of ring R, and hub H (when the drum is winding up the chain)
by the yielding of the springs a, and y but will be ready to engage with the ring
and hub when the drum unwinds.
The second set of pawls are arranged and operated in similar manner to the first
set. Each pawl may be replaced by a set of multiple pawls, that is pawls of
different lengths, to ensure quiet working.
In order that only the proper set of pawls shall be brought into operation when
the drum revolves to wind up the spring, the chain is provided with a long link, so
arranged as to miss the projection M* for operating the second set of pawls. Any
convenient means can be used in lieu of the chain to bring the right set of pawls
into position for use when the drum commences to wind up the spring.
The hubs H and O have cavities H₁ and O' respectively to contain oil and waste.
for lubrication.
The functions of the apparatus when applied and arranged as hereinabove
explained with reference to and shown in the drawings are (1) to extend the spring S
and to act (whilst the spring is being so extended) as a brake to the car; (2) to
afterwards hold the spring-extended without acting as a brake to the car; and (3) to
apply the power of the spring in recoil to the car axle for causing it to commence
rotating or for assisting to turn the axle as may be desired.
I will now describe the operation of the apparatus to accomplish these results.
When the car is in motion and the apparatus is not in use, the toothed wheel A
will, by its revolutions with the car axle and intergearing with the pinions F and
internal teeth I, idly rotate the disc B, the drum D and consequently also the
internal teeth being held by the spring S. The pawls being held free from
the ring R and hub H, by the springs and w w (as shown by the position of the
pawls ), the car will be free to move in either direction.
When the apparatus is to be used, the driver or person in charge of the car
operates the lever W, and chains V, pulling in the levers J, J to the positions
shown in Figs. 3 and 9, thereby clamping and holding the disc B and the toothed
ring R. The toothed wheel A will now, by its rotations with the car axle, and with
the pinions F and internal teeth I, cause the drum D to rotate in the opposite
direction to that in which the car axle is revolving, thereby winding the chain C in
the groove D² of D and consequently extending the spring and storing energy
therein. The chain C will by acting against the projection M* of the part M,
press in this part M' if the car be travelling in the direction shown by the arrows
in Figs. 2 and 7, thereby putting the parts M' and N with the pawls P¹ and p
into the position shown in Fig. 7, when they will pass over the teeth of the hub H
and ring Ras the drum D is being rotated and be ready to engage therewith as. I
will explain.

page_text: .
When the spring S has been extended to the desired limit, a chain or cable S' of
suitable length connecting the moving end of spring S with the lever I, will pull
out the lever L to the position shown in Fig. 10, thereby releasing the disc B, when
it will idly rotate as before, and the drum D will be held by the pawl engaging
with the toothed ring R. The spring S will in this way be held extended, ready
to exert its power when desired in turning the car axle through the medium
of the pawl P which will engage with the hub H when the ring R is released, this
release being effected by operating the lever W that connects with the lever J.
The drum D and the pawls will in this way be caused to move in the reverse
direction and thereby start or assist the car to move in the direction in which it was
previously moving, and will be returned to their original positions and the apparatus
will be ready for use again in whichever direction the car may be travelling in.
When the lever J is released by the driver or person in charge, which will
generally be at the same time that the lever J is released, the lever will be
returned by the spring Z to its original position, shown by Fig. 4; and the
levers JL, will be in position to be used again to hold the disc B.
Any device may be used instead of the lever L whereby the spring S may be
caused to release the disc B, independently of the driver of the car when the spring
has been sufficiently extended..
I do not confine myself to any particular form of clamp or gripper to be used for
holding the disc B and the toothed ring R; any form of apparatus that will
accomplish substantially the same results as I have just described may be used.
It is obvious that the apparatus may be constructed without the following parts,
viz. the clamp or gripper G', the toothed ring R, and the pawls pp, also without
the lever L of clamp or gripper G.
When the apparatus is thus modified a chain attached to the spring S and to the
car body will limit the extension of the spring and the rotations of the drum D.
The disc B will then be rotated within the clamp or gripper G against the retarding
influence of friction until the car stops. This modified form of the apparatus would
be much more simple, but_is_not_so_advantageons as a car-starter-in-all-cases,
-because-the-recoil of the spring must be utilized when the brake is taken off-the-
disc. This form would also cause much more wear of the toothed gearing-and-of-
the friction shoes of the clamp or gripper G, and would not be able to hold the
spring S extended without acting as a brake to the car.
-
As will be obvious the apparatus hereinbefore described may be applied to a
counter-shaft that is geared to the main axle to be started or assisted in rotating.
Also that the one driving axle may be geared by an endless chain-or-belt-to-the-
other car axle or axles.
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus Serving as a Car Starter or Propeller
and Brake.
A communication from ELBERT BRUSH PHILLIPS, of Cleveland, Ohio, United-
States of America, Engineer.
I, FREDERICK CARRINGTON PHILLIPS, of 36 Craven Street, Strand, in the
County of London, Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :--
This invention has reference to apparatus serving as a car starter or propeller
and brake:

page_text: Tig. o snews a section through a Figs. 5 and 7.
Fig. 7 shews a section through e f Figs. 5 and 6.
Fig. 8 shews a section through line gh Figs. 5 and 6 but with the axes of the
gear wheels F F in a horizontal plane.
Figs. 9 and 10 shew the mechanism illustrated in Fig. 4 but with parts thereof
in different positions..
Fig. 11 is a section through the line jk Fig. 6 with the pawls P P¹ p pl
removed.
In the drawing filed herewith,
Fig. 12 is a similar view to Fig. 7 but drawn to a larger scale in order that
the construction and arrangement of the several parts shewn may be clearly
understood.
The apparatus embodying this invention when applied to a tram car consists of
parts in relation to each other mounted on the car axle, and attached to the car
body as follows:-
The shell or drum D (hereinafter called the drum) Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, is,
loosely mounted on the car axle. Around this shell or drum D, is loosely mounted
the toothed ring R, with the clamp or gripper which is adapted to clamp and
hold the ring K, as may be desired.
The arm of the gripper is jointed to the car body by a link G? and is kept in
place on the drum D, by its sides extending into the drum (see Fig. 6) but freely
so that the drum may at any time be freely revolved within the toothed ring R, and
the clamp or gripper (.
In the drum D, at one side thereof there are internal teeth I, and at the other
side of the drum on the pins T, are mounted the pawls P 1" and p p (Figs. 6
and 7) or equivalent devices. The pawls p p are adapted to engage with the
toothed ring R, by extending out through spaces D₁ in the drum D. The
pawls P P are adapted to engage with the toothed hub H, which is securely
attached to the car axle and extends within and bears against the drum D.
'
The toothed wheel A, (Figs. 6 and 8) is securely attached to the car axle against
the drum D, and in the same plane as the internal teeth I.
B is a disc, plate, frame or part hereinafter called the disc. It has a central part
or boss and a lateral projection in the form of a short hollow cylinder B₁ having
around it an annular rib or projection B. The disc B is loosely mounted on the
car axle and is held in position against the toothed wheel A by the hub Q, which
is securely attached to the car axle. In the disc B are fixed one or more studs E,
on each of which revolves a pinion F, which gears with the toothed wheel A and
with the internal teeth I. Surrounding the part B' of the disc B is the clamp or
gripper G adapted to clamp and hold the said part B¹ of the disc as may be
desired. The arm of the clamp or gripper G is jointed to the car body in a similar
manner to the clamp or gripper G₁ and is retained in proper position in relation to
the disc B by fitting over the annular rib B'.
The spring S is attached at one of its ends to the car body and at the other end
to a cable or chain C of suitable length which is attached to the drum D, in such
a manner that it holds the spring somewhat in tension and keeps the drum normally
in one position. Obviously although I have shewn a spring adapted to be kept
normally in tension, any suitable equivalent might be employed, such for example
as, an arrangement of spring that would be normally in compression or would be
compressed as the chain or cable was wound upon the drum.

page_text: I will now describe in detail the construction and operation of the clamps or
grippers, the pawls, and other minor parts of the apparatus.
The clamp or gripper G, used to hold the disc B, is a split cast iron ring with an
arm. The two parts of this ring are hinged together by the adjustable eye bolt i,
and are regulated with each other to clamp the part B1 and hold the disc B, by the
levers J, L, and link K (Figs. 1, 245). The lever Jaud link K turn freely on
the pins o and m respectively, the pin passing through one part of the clamp or
gripper and the pin o passing through the lever L, which turns freely upon the
pin n that passes through the other part of the clamp or gripper. The lever Lis
held in position by the spring j. The lever J fits over the link K, and they turn
together on the pin l. When these parts are drawn from the position shown in
Fig 4, to the position shown in Fig. 9 the two parts of the clamp or gripper are
obviously drawn together and clamp the part B of the disc B. It is evident that
when the lever L, is drawn to the position shown by Fig. 10, the clamp or gripper
will release the disc B. The lever J and link K are drawn to the-positions. shown
in Fig. 9 by a cable or chain V leading to a lever W, (Figs. 1, 2) operated by the
driver or person in charge of the car, and to the positions in which they appear in
Fig. 4, by the spring Z. Those parts of the clamp or gripper G that come into
frictional contact with the part B of disc B so as to hold it, are in the form of
friction shoes located in spaces in opposite sides of G, and adapted by springs to
bear lightly upon either the part B or B2 or both when the clamp or gripper is
not in action to hold the disc, and to conform to the movements of the clamp or
gripper. These shoes are put into position so that they may be easily taken out
and renewed..
The gripper G is generally constructed in the same manner as gripper G, but it
may be without the friction shoes, and is without the lever L, for obvious reasons..
In order however to prevent shock which might sometimes occur by the pawl P or P
suddenly engaging-with-the-toothed hub-H when the toothed ring R is released, it
is advantageous to employ one or more friction-shoes-carried-by-the-gripper Gand
adapted to bear against the toothed ring-R-by-a-spring so as to release this ring
gradually. The gripper G is also operated by a cable or chain V leading to the
lever W.
It will be obvious that instead of a clamp or gripper G₁ of the kind referred to,
holding device such as a tooth or projection carried by the car, may be arranged
to enter between teeth on the exterior-of-the-toothed-ring-and.hold the same when
necessary, suitable means operated by say one of the cables V being provided to
disengage the tooth_or_projection from the ring when desired. I prefer however to
use a clamp or gripper of the kind herein described and shown that is to say, a
friction clamp or gripper, as it will admit of the ring being released gradually and
without shock. I also prefer to use a friction clamp or gripper G for the disc B
because it admits of being put on gradually and also admits of continued movement
of the disc in case the throw-off device in the compound machine (ie. the machine
provided with the toothed ring R) fails to act, and in a simple machine, allows
braking action to continue after the chain C is wound up.
The pawls P P and p p¹ (Figs. 6 and 7) mounted on the pins T in the drum D,
comprise two sets which are exactly alike in construction and operation. The
pawls-p-constitute-one-set-and-are adapted to be used when the car is travelling
in one direction, and the pawls Pconstitute another set adapted to be used
when the car is travelling in the other direction.
I will now describe the set of pawls Pp. The parts constituting this set are
with the parts M and N for operating them mounted on the pins T, see Figs. 7,
11 and 12.
The pawl P operates with the part M by the pins which is driven into the
side of the pawl P and extends into the part M through an oblong hole s which
will allow of a certain amount of circumferential movement between P and M,
which is restrained by the spring tending to separate them. The part M is held
in the position shown with the pawl P free from the hub H, by the spring, and

page_text: has a projection M* that extends through the drum D into the groove D² (Fig. 6)
into which the chain C winds. The pawl p operates with the part N by the pin u
which is driven into the pawl p and extends over N limiting the motion between
them in one direction and they are restrained against motion in the other direction
by the spring y. The part N is held in the position shown against the part M
with the pawl free from the toothed ring R, by the spring it.
P
The parts M
and N are so placed in relation to each other as shown that the movement
of M will cause the movement of N, they turning together on the pins T in
opposite directions so as to cause the pawls to engage with the toothed ring R,
and hub H, respectively as shown by the position of the other set of pawls Pp
(Fig. 7). When the parts M and N are pressed inward by the action of the
chain C on the projection M*, the pawls can pass over the teeth of ring R, and
hub H (when the drum is winding up the chain) by the yielding of the springs
and y but will be ready to engage with the ring and hub when the drum unwinds.
The second set of pawls are arranged and operated in similar manner to the
first set. Each pawl may be replaced by a set of multiple pawls, that is pawls of
different lengths, to ensure quiet working.
P
In order that only the proper set of pawls shall be brought into operation when
the drum revolves to wind up the spring, the chain is provided with a long link, so
arranged as to miss the projection M for operating the second set of pawls. Any
other convenient means can be used in lieu of the chain to bring the right set of
pawls into position for use when the drum commences to wind up the spring.
The hubs Hand O have cavities H' and O' respectively to contain oil and
waste for lubrication.
The functions of the apparatus when applied and arranged as hereinabove
explained with reference to and shown in the drawings are (1) to extend the
spring S and to act (whilst the spring is being so extended) as a brake to the car;
(2) to afterwards hold the spring extended without acting as a brake to the car;
and (3) to apply the power of the spring in recoil to the car axle for causing it to
commence rotating, or for assisting to turn the axle as may be desired.
I will now describe the operation of the apparatus to accomplish these results.
When the car is in motion and the apparatus is not in use, the toothed wheel A
will, by its revolutions with the car axle and intergearing with the pinions F and
internal teeth I, idly rotate the disc B, the drum D and consequently also the
internal teeth 1 being held by the spring S. The pawls being held free from the
ring Raud hub H, by the springs and ww (as shown by the position of
the pawls P p), the car will be free to move in either direction.
When the apparatus is to be used, the driver or person in charge of the car
operates the lever W, and chains V, pulling in the levers J, J₁ to the positions
shewn in Figs. 3 and 9, thereby clamping and holding the disc B and the toothed
ring R. The toothed wheel A will now, by its rotations with the car axle, and
with the pinions F and internal teeth I, cause the drum D to rotate in the opposite
direction to that in which the car axle is revolving, thereby winding the chain C
in the groove D2 of D and consequently extending the spring S and storing
energy therein. The chain C will by acting against the projection M* of the
part M', press in this part M' if the car be travelling in the direction shewn by
the arrows in Figs. 2 and 7, thereby putting the parts M' and N¹ with the pawls P
and pl into the position shewn in Fig. 7, when they will pass over the teeth of the
hub H and ring R as the drum D is being rotated and be ready to engage there-
with as I will explain.
When the spring S has been extended to the desired limit, a chain or cable S' of
suitable length or other suitable device connecting the moving end of spring S with
the lever L, will pull out the lever L to the position shewn in Fig. 10, thereby
releasing the disc B, when it will idly rotate as before, and the drum D will be
held by the pawl ' engaging with the toothed ring R. The spring S will in this
way be held extended, ready to exert its power when desired in turning the car
axle through the medium of the pawl P which will engage with the hub H when

page_text: 、
the ring R is released, this release being effected by operating the lever W that
connects with the lever J. The drum D and the pawls will in this way be caused
'to move in the reverse direction and thereby start or assist the car to move in the
direction in which it was previously moving, and will be returned to their original
positions and the apparatus will be ready for use again in whichever direction the
car may be travelling in.
When the lever J is released by the driver or person in charge, which will
generally be at the same time that the lever J is released, the lever will be
returned by the spring Z to its original position, shewn by Fig. 4; and the
levers JL, will be in position to be used again to hold the disc B.
Any device may be used instead of the lever L whereby the spring S may be
caused to-release- the disc. B, independently of the driver of the car when the
spring has been sufficiently extended.
I do not confine myself to any particular form of clamp or gripper to be used
for holding the disc B and the toothed ring R; any form of apparatus-that will
accomplish substantially the same results as I have just described may be used.
It is obvious that the apparatus may be constructed without the following
parts, viz. the clamp or gripper G1, the toothed ring R, and the pawls p p¹, also
without the lever L of clamp or gripper G.
When the apparatus is thus modified, a chain attached to the spring S and to
the car body or other suitable device may be used to limit the extension of the
spring and the rotations of the drum D. The disc B will then be rotated
within the clamp or gripper G against the retarding influence of friction until the
car stops. This modified arrangement of the apparatus would be much more
simple, but is not so advantageous as a car starter in all cases, because the recoil
of the spring must be utilized when the brake is taken off the disc. This
arrangement would also cause much more wear of the toothed gearing and of the
-friction shoes.of.the.clamp.or.gripper G, and would not be able to hold the spring S
"extended-without-acting-as-a-brake-to-the-car.
As will be obvious-the-apparatus-hereinabove-described may be applied to a
counter shaft that is geared to the main axle to be started or assisted in rotating.
Also that the one driving axle may be geared by an endless chain or belt to the
other car axle or axles.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is 1-
1. In apparatus serving as a combined car starter or propeller and brake of the
kind in which, when the apparatus is acting as a brake, energy is stored in
readiness to afterwards work the apparatus as a car starter or propeller, the
combination with an axle having teeth fixed thereon, an energy accumulator such
as a spring, a drum loose on the axle, a cord or its equivalent connecting the said
drum with the energy accumulator, and any suitable mechanism for causing the
drum to rotate (when required) in a contrary direction to the axle so as to wind
the cord or equivalent on the drum and retard or arrest the rotation of the axle, of
pawls arranged in the drum for driving the axle both ways, these pawls being so
-constructed-and-mounted-in-the.drum that, during the rotation whereby the drum
causes energy to be stored in the accumulator (that is, when the apparatus is acting
as a brake) the cord or its equivalent as it is wound on the drum, will cause
one or some of said pawls to assume such a position in relation to the teeth
fixed on the axle that when the direction of rotation of the drum is reversed and
the drum is then driven by energy previously accumulated, the axle will be caused
to rotate in the same direction as the drum substantially as herein described.
2. In apparatus serving as a combined car starter or propeller and brake, the
combination with winding mechanism mounted loosely on an axle and adapted to
store energy in a spring whilst the apparatus is in use as a brake, of a disc or
equivalent loose on the said axle, a toothed wheel or toothed wheels carried by the

page_text: said disc or equivalent and in gear with a toothed wheel fixed on the axle and also
with the winding mechanism, and a clamp or gripper capable of retarding or of
arresting and holding the said disc or equivalent as set forth.
3. In apparatus serving as a combined car starter or propeller and brake, the
combination of a drum loosely mounted on an axle and having teeth, a spring
wherein energy can be stored, a flexible connector between the said drum and
spring, means whereby rotary motion of the drum can be directly transmitted to
the axle, a toothed wheel fixed upon the axle, a disc or equivalent loose upon the
axle, pinions (or a pinion) able to turn upon pins (or upon a pin) carried by the
disc or its equivalent, the said pinions (or pinion) being in gear with the teeth on
the drum and with the above mentioned toothed wheel; and a clamp or gripper
capable of retarding and of arresting and holding the said disc or equivalent but
not able to rotate therewith, the several parts being arranged. and operating sub-
stantially as hereinabove described for the purposes indicated.
4. In apparatus serving as a combined car starter or propeller and brake of the
kind herein referred to, the combination with a drum for storing energy in a spring,
of a loose toothed ring such as R adapted to hold the drum when energy has been
stored in the spring, and a clamp, gripper or holding device adapted to retard or
arrest, and hold the said ring and to release it as required for the purposes indicated
substantially as herein described.
5. In apparatus serving as a combined car starter or propeller and brake, the
combination of a drum loosely mounted on an axle, a spring wherein energy can be
stored, a flexible connector between said drum and spring, mechanism whereby
rotation of the axle in one direction can, at will, be caused to revolve the drum in
the opposite direction and store energy in said spring, mechanism for causing
rotation of the drum in the reverse direction to directly rotate the axle in the same
direction as that in which it moved when storing energy in the spring, a toothed
ring mounted to rotate about the axis of the axle and capable through intermediate
mechanism, such as a pawl or pawls, of holding the drum when energy has been
stored in said spring, a clamp gripper or holding device adapted to hold and to
release the toothed ring, and means for operating said clamp gripper or holding
device substantially as herein described for the purpose specified.
6. The combination with apparatus of the kind referred to in Claim 2, of
mechanism for directly transmitting motion from the drum to the shaft when the
drum moves in the reverse direction to that in which it moves when storing energy
in said spring; and means for automatically releasing the clamp or gripper for the
disc or equivalent and throwing the mechanism that rotates the drum from the axle
out of action when the spring has been moved through a predetermined distance as
set forth.
7. In apparatus of the kind referred to in Claim 2, the combination with the
clamp or gripper for the disc or equivalent carrying the pinion or pinions, of lever
mechanism capable of being operated by the driver of the vehicle to put the clamp
or gripper in action, a lever adapted to put the said clamp or gripper out of action,
and means such as a chain or flexible connector attached to the latter lever and to
the spring wherein energy is stored, the said lever and chain or flexible connector
being so arranged as to automatically throw the said clamp or gripper out of
action, and thereby release the frame or disc when the spring has been moved
through a predetermined distance substantially as hereinbefore described.
8. In apparatus serving as a combined car starter or propeller and brake, the
combination of a drum mounted loosely on an axle and adapted to store energy in a
spring, mechanism for causing the drum to rotate when required in a contrary
direction to the axle, a toothed hub fixed on the axle, a toothed ring, a clamp,
gripper or holding device adapted to arrest and hold said ring, two sets of pawls
carried by said drum one set being arranged for use when the axle rotates in one
direction and the other set for use when the axle rotates in the opposite direction,
one of the pawls of each set being capable when operated of engaging with the
toothed hub and the other pawl of each set with the toothed ring, and means
B

page_text: whereby the correct set of pawls is automatically brought into an operative position
when the drum rotates to store energy in said spring substantially as hereinbefore
described.
9. My improved combined car starter or propeller and brake constructed
arranged and operating substantially as herein before described and shown in the
drawings annexed.
Dated this 16th day of September 1891.
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.