VENTILATING FLUE BRICKS
Year: 1884

page_text: I HENRY TALBOT of 5 Peru Street Higher Broughton Manchester in the
County of Lancaster Architect do hereby declare the nature of said invention for
VENTILATING FLUE BRICKS to be as follows:-
I form flues in the walls of buildings without any projection from the face of the
wall by means of bricks made of brick clay fire clay earthenware or other suitable
material each perforated with or having a hole or groove of the requisite dimensions
these bricks are so placed and built into the wall that the holes or grooves shall be
in juxta-position and so that they form a continuous flue of any length and in any
direction which may be desired. The aforesaid bricks are built into and form part
of the structure of the wall and in order that they may be properly bonded into
the wall are either of different lengths or sizes or are so laid as to project to
unequal distances measuring from the centre of the flue. The said invention is
specially applicable to thin walls and may be introduced either into external or
internal walls. Communication between the aforesaid flues and the interior or
exterior of any building may be effected by lateral apertures or other suitable
My invention is of special use for purposes of ventilation and may be
used also for the passage of air smoke vapour or other substances.
means.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I, HENRY TALBOT of 5 Peru Street Higher Broughton, Manchester Architect
do hereby declare the nature of my said invention for VENTILATING FLUE BRICKS
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
That inasmuch as it is desirable for the proper Ventilation and Heating of
Houses and Buildings, to form flues in the walls, and if the ordinary form of Brick
be used it is necessary that the wall shall be at least fourteen inches thick
throughout, or that a projection be made where the flue comes.
Whereas, this Invention allows flues to be formed in walls, four and a half
inches thick, or of greater thickness without causing a projection from the face of
the wall and these. flues could be used in large quantities and in any direction,
either Horizontal, Vertical, or Oblique Flues, separately, or all in connection one
with the other, and having openings or connections with the outer air and with the
rooms or spaces to be ventilated.
This Invention supplies or provides three forms or Classes of forms or shapes
viz Class A; for Vertical Flues; Class B, for Horizontal Flues; Class C, for
Diagonal or Oblique Flues.
The Flue Bricks are to be formed of brick clay, earthenware, stoneware, or
other similar or suitable material, either glazed or unglazed, in the following
manner,
Vertical Flues, Class A, See Drawings, Sheet 1, Taking for four and a half inch
walls, the dimensions of an ordinary brick viz: nine inches, by four and a half
inches, by three inches, or thereabouts; a circular, oval, or other shaped hole, of
about two inches diameter will be formed through the three inch thickness of the
brick, nearer to one end than the other, (either with or without a rebate on the
lower surface and a corresponding projection on the upper surface) so arranged,
that with one form of Flue Brick A. 1; by changing alternately the ends of the
Flue Brick one above the other, the holes will come one over the other, and form a
continuous flue or pipe, and each alternate Flue Brick, will project a portion of its
length, beyond the one above and below, in such a way as to bond in with the
ordinary bricks forming the wall.
The same description will apply to the form of Flue Brick for flues in a nine
inch wall, except that the size of the Flue Brick will be different, viz: fourteen
inches, by nine inches, by three inches, or thereabouts A. 2.
For Flues in fourteen or eighteen inch walls, which will also be suitable for
smoke flues, the shape will be different, four Flue Bricks of an irregular shape,
being required for each course, but only two forms or shapes will be required,
as A 4 and A 4 which are shown for fourteen inch walls.
Also for nine inch walls, another form is shown requiring two Flue Bricks A 3¹
and A 32 to each course, the alternate courses having different shapes, this form
will also be suitable for fourteen inch walls, giving a circular flue about nine
inches in diameter, these could in some cases be used also for Horizontal Flues,

page_text: Horizontal Flues. Class B. See Drawings Sheet 2.
For four and a half inch walls, the dimensions of the Flue Bricks, will be nine
inches, by four and a half inches, by three inches, or thereabouts, and will be made
with a large groove or hollow, in the direction of their length, on either the top or
bottom of the Flue Brick.
By placing two courses of Flue Bricks B1; one over the other, with the grooves
together, a continuous flue or pipe will be formed, of an oval, circular, or other
shape.
The pattern B. 4. nine inches, by six inches, by six inches, is made of double
depth, and has the flue opening, formed through the centre of the Flue Brick,
instead of being made in two halves, it is also made six inches wide, instead of
four and a half inches, so that it may include the thickness of the plaster each side
of the wall and be flush with it.
The Drawing of B. 4. Sheet 2; also shows the connection between the flue and
the space to be ventilated, through the skirting of room together with a mode of
closing same.
For nine or fourteen inch walls, the Flue Bricks will be made with one, two,
three, or more grooves across, or perforations through, the Flue Brick B. 6.
Flue Bricks of the dimensions of nine inches, by six inches, by six inches, B. 4;
and nine inches, by nine inches, by six inches, B. 5; or other suitable size, per-
forated in the direction of their length, with one or more holes, and with or without
a socket at one end and a corresponding projection at the other end, will be
suitable for four and a half, or nine inch, or thicker walls.
In order to connect either Horizontal or Vertical Flues, with the rooms or space
to be ventilated, or warmed, perforations, in the sides of some of the Flue Bricks
will be formed as B 3, and B 4. which could be closed with wooden, or metal
valves, or shutters, when necessary, or special grids or gratings be used.
For the junction B 2. of the Vertical Flues with the Horizontal Flues, a hole the
same size as in the Vertical Flue Bricks will be formed through the groove in the
Horizontal Flue Bricks, the other side, the flat side, being formed with a socket
to receive the projection of the Vertical Flue Brick, when a socketted joint is
used.
Diagonal or Oblique Flues. Class C. see Drawings. Sheets 1, and 2.
These will often be necessary where a change of direction in the Horizontal or
Vertical Flues is desired.
The Flue Bricks are formed in a somewhat similar manner to those for the
Vertical Flues, the hole being formed in a sloping direction, and the socket, and
projection being shaped as required, in order to obtain a joint at right angles, or
nearly so, to the sloping direction of the flue, as shown by the Drawings C. 1,
Sheet 1, and C 2, Sheet 2.
The Flue Bricks can be used for forming Horizontal Flues near the floor level,
with openings through the skirting into the room, (and in some cases the said Flue
Bricks could be moulded, and for the skirting or base of the room) the said
flues being in connection with a hot air chamber at the back or sides of the fire-
place, which chamber would itself be connected with the outer air, by means of
other of these Flue Bricks, thus a constant supply of warmed fresh air will be
continually introduced to the lower part of the room or space to be ventilated, or
warmed, and being warm, will rise to the top of the room, where it will at once be
drawn off through openings, into another Horizontal Flue open to the outer air at
the nearest external wall, or connected with a group of Vertical Flues in or near
the chimney breast (or other suitable position) the warmth from which, will help
to give an ascending power to the air in the Ventilating Flues.
Or, without the upper Horizontal Flue, grids or openings into Vertical Flues, if
used in sufficient numbers, may be made, these flues going to the upper part of the
building, will be provided with openings in the cornice, or other suitable place, or

page_text: may all be connected with an exhaust ventilator in the roof, by which means an
upward draught would always be secured in the Flues.
By means of these flues, warm fresh air could also be conveyed from the hot air
chamber in connection with the fireplace, to rooms adjoining, or above, that in
which the fireplace is situated, or a chamber may be provided in connection with
the kitchen fireplace, by which the whole house can be supplied with warmed
fresh air.
Public Buildings can be treated in a similar way, by having a heating chamber
in the Basement, or other suitable position, and the air entering the rooms by
numerous small channels, instead of a few large ones, will render the temperature
more equable, and make the occurence of draughts almost impossible.
By these means a continuous change of air will be effected, which will thoroughly
warm the building in cold weather, and cool it in hot weather, as it will be quite
possible, to pass the air over water, (or even ice) which will also purify the air,
and absorb much of the dirt and dust always to be found in the atmosphere of
large towns.
Thus; by this my method of constructing and applying specially made bricks,
flues are formed in walls of buildings, by which fresh air is introduced into, and
vitiated air withdrawn from, rooms, passages, and other parts of Dwelling Houses,
or other buildings, in such a manner as may be most desirable; and though
I consider that the shapes and proportions of the Flue Bricks as shown on the
Drawings, and herein described, are the best and most suitable for effecting my
object as herein before declared, I would have it clearly understood, that I do in no
wise limit myself to the said exact shapes and proportions or to the said exact
method of arranging and building so described and shown, for the same may be
departed from and varied as may be expedient or necessary in each particular case,
without departing from my Invention as hereinbefore described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
(1.) The construction and application of bricks of the usual, or other suitable
size, specially made, and laid, in the manner hereinbefore described, whereby. flues
or passages are formed in the thickness, or substance, of the walls of Dwelling
Houses, or other buildings.
(2.) That my Invention furnishes an efficient means of ventilating, and of
heating, Dwelling Houses, and other buildings, as hereinbefore described.
Dated this thirteenth day of February 1885.