Process and Apparatus for Recovering Iron from Slag-heaps.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Apr., 1897-Accepted, 19th June, 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Process and Apparatus for Recovering Iron from Slag-heaps.
We, GEORG KENTLER, Workinaster of 4 Zülpicherstreet, Cologne, and
FERDINAND STEINERT, Merchant of 12 Goebenstreet, Cologne in the Province
of Rhineland and Kingdom of Prussia do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement —
The invention now before us refers to a process with its appertaining apparatus.
for recovering iron from slag-heaps, ali impure substances being separated by
making use of the well-known attractive power of magnets on iron particles.
Our process is thereby characterized that the electro-magnets, disposal in an
ascending and descending line at an angle or arc downwards opened, or at least
inefficient themselves undertake the further transport of the iron for the whole
distance, and at the same time, by the continuous switching off, changing the
polarity, and switching on, of each single magnet successively at short intervals,
import to the separate particles of iron during the passage from one magnet to the
other a peculiar tumbling or hopping motion, whereby a separation of the minuter
impure particles, still firmly adhering to the iron, is attained by the shaking
up, striking and rubbing against each other of the separate iron particles.
The apparatus for carrying out the above described process can be constructed
in various ways, as shown in the nccompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 represents the apparatus with a system of electro-magnets M1, M2 etc.
switched behind one another, arranged in a circle and rotating round an axle,
at each revolution of which the two lowest magnets are switched off, therefore
de-magnetized.
Fig. 6 represents the same arrangement, but with the electro-magnets switched
beside each other.
Fig. 2 exhibits in its upper part a stationary system of electro-magnets M 7
to M 10 disposed in n curve opening downwards.
Below the ascending end of the above mentioned curve, but adjoining, Fig. 2
shows another series of electro-maguets M 1 to M 6 rising in an inclined plane.
Fig. 3 exhibits, on the left in side-elevation and cross-section, on the right in
front view, the same arrangement as Fig. 2, but with a rotating electro-magnet-
ring M at the top, instead of the curve of stationary electro-magnets, and with
the adjustment of an endless band G which moves round the whole of the
magnete, and effects the falling off of the iron particles at the lower part of M.
Figures 4 and 5 are sections on lines - and y-y respectively marked in
Fig. 3.
Fig. 7 shows on the right the switching arrangement of the apparatus as
constructed in Figures 2 and 3, as also in transverse section through the collector,
the arrangement of the mechanism for changing the polarity of the magnets, which
is seen on the left in longitudinal section.
The chief process is the same whatever the construction. The material, entering
through the funnel T, drops the coarse free, unmagnetized particles, such as slag,
stones, earth, at once into the receiver A 1, the magnetized particles, together with
the impurities which have remained encased between them, and the lighter ones
still adhering, travel, with the accompanying above mentioned tumbling and
jumping movements (which latter are produced by the continuous changes of the
ليم

page_text: polarity of the magnets) first of all upwards to the vertex of the system, and then
downwards, by which the impurities are still further thrown off, nnd in part full
towards A 1, the remaining portion however drops or rather is flying off at the
point where the are of the magnet-system bends back beyond the horizontal plane
passing through its central axis, and is collected in receivers A 2; while the
magnetical portions, .e. the iron particles, still following the curve of the magnets
which bends back under iteel, only fall off where this curre ends, or where the
magnetic power is in any way suspended, and are then collected in receivers A 3.
If necessary, separation walls, planks, or slides H1, H2 can be used.
The magnetic power in the lower part of the magnet ring can be aspen led in
various ways, either by switching off the two lowest magnets out of the circuit of
the current (as in Figures 1 and 6), or by scrapers, as represented in Fig. 2, or
by the endless band G which, where it is removed from the magnets, ceases to be
affected by the magnetism.
According as the disposition of the magnets is alterel, the mechanism for
changing the polarity is also altered.
With the system of rotating magnets, as in Figures and 6, a rotating
collector C and stationary brushes are brought into use.
In Fig. 1 where the magnets are switched behind one another, there reaches
from each magnet M 1, M 2 etc. n wiro conductor d1, d2 etc. each ending in a
gliding contact to a ring 7, which is in connection with the one pole by the
conductor D2, while the conductor D1 leads from the other pole to a stationary
bow B. The brushes 12 etc. are placed in such number and position that on
each lamella 1, 12 etc. of the rotating collector glides one of the brushes; the two
Jamellae, which are at the moment lowest being however without brushes (in the
shown position 5, 16); the corresponding magnets (in the shown position M5, M6)
are therefore outside the current.
With the arrangement of Fig. 6 where the magnets are switched side by side, a
wire leads from each collector-lamella to the nearest magnet coil, and the tw
current conductors D1 and D2 are attached to two stationary gliding brushes bo
and b b lying exactly opposite each other in the circumference of the collector. If
now, as represented, bo is fastened to one end of a stationary how B1, which
is in connection with the conductor D1 and at the same time at the other end of
the bow B1 another brush & is provided so that between band bo two collector-
lamellae lie free, a short closed circuit: 5-B 1-bo-collector-lamellae is formal.
By this means the two electro-magnets (here M 11, M 12) corresponding to the
two lamellae (here 111,12) are switched off, but immediately in the remaining
clectro-maguets, induction currents are produced whereby the current, i.e. the
magnetism becomes stronger in M to M4, and weaker in M 5 to M 10, this
difference corresponding to the difference in the work to be performed by these
two magnet groups, the former having to propel the whole of the iron upwards,
the lutter only so to retain it during the downward movement that it does not
drop off.
Should only stationary magnets be employed, as in Figures 2 and 3, tho
collector C1 must likewise be stationary, an the brushes b', 6" must rotate round
the latter. In that case the switching may be managed as shown in Fig. 7, to the
right, so that from each magnet M1, M2 etc. a corresponding wire d1, d2 etc.
leads to the corresponding lamella 11, 12, etc. of the collector Cl. The trans-
inission of current may then be made according to Fig. 7 thus:
On the bar L is fastened the collector C1, and opposite to the latter, but
separated from it and placed so that it can revolve, is the hollow axle r, which
supports a bridge with the brushes 6, 6 which are affixed to the pivoto z, z
and glide on C1, turther a cord-pulley S for propulsion, finally two isolated
rings, Of this runs gliding over the contact, at which the conductor D
is joined, over the contact-spring" with the conductor D".
Both springs and "with their respective supports are well isolated from
each other. From the wire d', and from the wire d", well isolated from each

page_text: other, pass through the hollow axle w to z¹ and " respectively, and therefore the
current to the brushes 6 and respectively. It is self-evident that the
construction of the machinery is not bound to be exactly the same as shown in this
ligure.
With machinery constructed according to Fig. 2, in place of the upper stationary
magnet-arc M7 to M10, a system of rotating magnets could of course be
introduced with the mechanism for switching and changing the polarity as in
Figures 1 or 6.
The arrangement of a series of magnets in this construction and that of Fig. 3,
M1 to M 6 (M 5 respectively) has for its object, on the one hand to lengthen the
distance on which the iron can throw off its impure admixtions, on the other hand,
to save the expenses of lifting aud carrying, since thus the raw material at the base
of the slags can be at once shovelled into the funnel T, and tho material dropping
from the height be collected direct into waggons placed behind A. 2, A 3, as shown.
in Fig. 3.
With this arrangement, the maguets are placed on a sill E, while the whole is
supported by a special struction K.
With the arrangement of Fig. 3 the endless band G is, with insertion of guide-
pulleys R and R 1, as also of small bearing-pulleys for the ascending part of G,
drawn over the whole magnet-system. In place of employing in the upper part of
the latter, rotating magnet-systems of the kiud shown in Figures 1 and 6, one may
also use, as represented, a single large rotating electro-magnet with the knobs of
pules, hand, alternately jutting out from both sides towards each other, and
with a coil plying inbetween in the inner part, which single electro-magnet is not
efficient in the other arrangenients, for this reason, that it does not allow of the
knobs of the poles being singly switched off.
To the axle A is attached on the outside of the fly-wheel Sw and the cord-
pulley S2 for the propulsion of the cord-pulley S1 of the above described.
mechanism for switching and changing the polarity according to Fig. 7.
The electro-magnet-systems are euclosed on the sides by wooden cheeks W, W,
(Figures 3 and 4), and the intermediate spaces between the tips of the poles are
filled up with non-conducting pieces F of wood or other material.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said.
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare, that what.
we claim is :
1.) Process for recovering iron from slag-heaps thereby characterized, that the
material, coming from the heap and carried up on the ascending side of a system of
rotating or stationary electro-magnets disposed in a circular or curved form, spills-
at once the larger quantity of its immagnetized substances, then, by means of the
magnetic power itself, in consequence of continuous quickly recurring switching off,.
changing the polarity, and switching on again of each separate magnet,
accompanied by shaking and jumping movements of the magnetized parts whereby
these particles are helter separated from the impure substances, carried on over the
vertex of the magnet-system, and on its descending side allows, first the remainder
of the impure substances, and finally, in consequence of the suspension of the
magnetic power, the separated magnetized portions to fall below.
2.) For the carrying out of the process characterized in Claim 1.) the apparatus.
characterized by the electro-magnets M 1, M 2 etc. disposed in circular, ring, or arc
form, with a contrivance for suspending the magnetic power at the lowest point
lying beneath the centre or vertox of the system, either by switching off the
magnet-spools at this point out of the electric circuit, or by the absence of magnets.
at this point, or by mechanically keeping off the iron particles from the magnets
by means of interposed unmagnetized bodies at this point.
3.) A construction of the apparatus characterized in Claim 2) with a number of
magnets M 1 etc. disposed and rotating in a circle round the axle A, and switched.
behind one another, thereby characterized, that from each magoot a wire.

page_text: conductor d1, d2 etc. is with a gliding-contact attached to a ring r, which, through
the conductor D2, is in connection with the one pole, while a collector C, rotating
with the maguete round the axle A, and consisting of a number of lamellae 11, 12 etc.
corresponding in number to the magnets, rubs against the brushes 61, 62 etc.
which are fastened to a stationary bow B in connection with the other pole, and are
in uch number and position that the two magnets at the moment undermost (in the
drawing Fig. 1 M5 and M6) have no connection with B, thus are de-magnetized,
so that as this point the particles of iron drop off.
4.) A variation of the apparatus characterized in Claim 3.) with magnots switched
by the side of each other in which the ring R, together with the wires d 1, etc. is
re-placed by a brush bb, which slides upon the collector C, and, instead of the
bow B, another bow B1, fastened below, with two brushes. b, bo, is employed,
which latter len ve free the width of two lamellae of the collector, so that, by the
production of a short circuit, the two lowest electro-magnets are switched off,
immediately, however, by induction currents, the electro-magnets lying betwood b
and bb become more strongly magnecized than those between bb and no which is
in so far an iron upwards is greater than that of the latter.
5). A construction of the apparatus-oharacterized in Claim 2.)-in ordor, by
means of the electro-magnets themselves, to convey upwards the material put into
the funnel T at the foot of the slag-heap, and only when at the top to consequence
the final separation of the material, so that the falling substances now sorted can be
caught direct into waggons and other receptacles, thereby characterized, that the
magnets are first arranged behind one another in an ascending row forming an
inclined plane, before the ring or are shaped magnet-system is added, in which
either only stationary magnets are used in an arc shaped system at the top, the
lowest magnets of the ring which would otherwise have to be switched off being
alsent, as shown in Fig. 2 or to the stationary sloping row of magnets one of the
rotating magnet-rings, characterized in Claims 3) aud 4), is added."
6.) A variation of the arrangement characterized in Claim 5) with a rotating
magnet-ring in which the mechanism for switching off the lowest magnets is replaced
by an endless band which is led round the magnet-ring, as also round the sloping
magnet-row with the aid of the pulleys R and R1, on which band the material
rests and which on leaving the magnet-ring at the lowest point lets fall the iron
portions.
7.) In the arrangement characterized in Claim 6) the substitution, for the ring
of separate magnets of oue single maguet with a coil Iying within, aud pole-
knobs and 1 jutting from both sides alternately towards each other.
8.) For such constructions where a stationary collector must be employed, as
mentioned in Claims 5.), 6), and 7), the arrangement of mechanisins for switching
and contact corresponding to Fig. 7, thereby characterized, that the current from
the two conductors D', D is conveyed by the springs to two rings v', vill
revolving with the hollow axle w, the propelling disc S1 and the bridge t, is
then conducted from these rings by the wires d', a" lying in the axle w to the
brushes &', 6" affixed to the bridge t, and from these, which move round the stationary
collector, communicated successively to each separate collector-lamella 11, 12 etc.
Dated this 27th day of March 1897.
For GEORG KENTLER,
and
FERDINAND STEINERT,
Bernhard Brockhues.
For GEORG KENTLER,
and
FERDINAND STEINERT,
Bernhard Brockhues.