IMPROVE MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BISCUITS."
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Josiah George Jennings, of Holland Street, Black-
friars Road, in the County of Surry, for the Invention of "IMPROVE
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BISCUITS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Josiah George. Jennings
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd March 1862.
I, JOSIAH GEORGE JENNINGS, of Holland Street, Blackfriars Road, in the
County of Surry, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BISCUITS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
biscuits. For these purposes each biscuit is made hollow, and is baked' in
such manner as, to remain hollow, which may be accomplished in any con-
venient manner by suitable filling, such as a piece of metal, glass, or otherwise,
which can be removed after the biscuit is baked. Biscuits thus made may at
any time be filled with minced meat, or jam, or butter, or other substance and
thus become meat, or fruit, or other sandwich biscuits.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Josiah George Jennings in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 22nd September-1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSIAH
GEORGE JENNINGS, of Holland Street, Blackfriars Road, in the County of
Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Josiah George Jennings, Her special licence that I, the said Josiah
George Jennings, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Josiah George Jennings, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BISCUITS,"
upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Josiah George Jennings, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to. be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
!
:
'
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Josiah George Jennings, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
biscuits. For these purposes each biscuit is made hollow, and is baked in such
manner as to remain hollow, which may be accomplished in any convenient
manner by suitable filling, such as a piece of metal, glass, or otherwise, which
can be removed after the biscuit is baked. Biscuits thus made may at any
time be filled with minced meat, or jam, or butter, or other substance, and thus
become meat or fruit or other sandwich biscuits.
The following is the manner in which I prefer to proceed. I prepare a
biscuit paste in any ordinary manner and roll it out to a suitable thickness; I

page_text: then cut it up into strips about one inch wide, these I wind spirally on a roller
the circumference of which is about the same as that of the hollow to be left
in the biscuit. I wet the edges of the strip of paste where they overlap and
roll it till the edges adhere, in this manner I prepare a tube of paste which
when baked will not open at the joints so as to disfigure the biscuits. The
tube of paste I cut into lengths by running the roller over a surface with projec-
ting ridges at suitable distances apart, these lengths are slipped off the
roller and then by preference flattened into a long oval form. I then
introduce into each piece a filling piece which is best made of glass, the filling
piece does not project entirely through the tube of paste, but this is closed
at one end beyond the end of the filling piece either by another piece of paste
or else by pinching in the end of the tube so as to close it. The biscuits with
the filling pieces within them having been suitably stamped are baked and
afterwards the filling pieces are withdrawn.
In order to charge biscuits of this description with minced meat, I employ
a mincing machine of ordinary construction but with a nozzle of the form of
the hollow in the interior of the biscuits and of the same length; the hollow
biscuits are in succession placed on this nozzle, and then as the minced meat,
issues therefrom it fills the biscuit, which as it fills is gradually pushed along
the nozzle, and when full it drops off the end and is replaced by another.
When it is desired to charge the biscuits with materials which do not require
to be minced I employ a similar nozzle with pressure apparatus behind to
expel the material.
In witness whereof, I, the said Josiah George Jennings, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of September, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
ARAnan
JOSIAN GEORGE JEN
S. (.)