IMPROVEMENTS IN ROOM AND OTHER FIRE- GRATES."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Martin Stanley, of Rhyl, in the County of Flint,
Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROOM AND OTHER FIRE-
GRATES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Martin Stanley at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th May 1880.
JOHN MARTIN STANLEY, of Rhyl, in the County of Flint, Engineer.
MENTS IN ROOM AND OTHER FIRE-GRATES."
"IMPROVE-
The object of this Invention is to economise fuel, to prevent or lessen the smoke-
nuisance in living and other rooms or apartments, and to diminish the dust and
other solid refuse usually produced from the use of ordinary fire-grates.
To attain this object, I enclose the upper part of the grate above the fire-bars so
as to form a receptacle for the crude fuel which is supplied through an aperture in
front of the upper part thereof; this aperture is closed and opened by a door or
slide properly fitted thereto. The front of the lower part of the grate is formed with
bars as in a common fire-grate; in this part of the grate or the fire-place combustion
of the said fuel is effected; the part above this fire-place is closed by a plate or
other solid material, so that the crude fuel is excluded from sight and also from the
external air when the said door or slide is closed.
At the lower part of the said fire-place I form an outlet or outlets through which
the products of combustion and escaping gases pass into the chimney.
For the purpose of utilizing the heat, if desired, a metal tube or tubes, pillar or
pillars, connected with such outlet or outlets, may be provided at the front side or
sides of the said grate for the passage of the escaping gases into the chimney, where
convenient above the fire-place.
The object of having the said outlet at the lower part of the fire-place
is to cause the smoke and other volatile parts of the fuel to descend into, through,
and to mix with the ignited fuel, where, at a high temperature, it receives the
necessary oxygen to effect its combustion before it escapes into the chimney.
For regulating the draught any ordinary damper may be provided and fitted so
as to be applied from the front.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Martin Stanley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th
November 1880.
JOHN MARTIN STANLEY, of Rhyl, in the County of Flint, Engineer.
MENTS IN ROOM AND OTHER FIRE GRATES."
"IMPROVE-
The object of this Invention is to economise fuel, to prevent or lessen the smoke
nuisance in living and other rooms or apartments, and to diminish the quantity
of dust and other solid refuse usually produced by the use of ordinary fire-
grates.
In order that my said Invention may be more fully understood, and be more
readily performed, I will explain the same with the aid of the accompanying
Drawing which forms part of this Specification, reference being made thereto by the
numerals and letters marked thereon. The same index letters refer to similar parts
in each Figure of the said Drawing.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of my improved grate for rooms.
Fig. 2 is a vertical section through the flues thereof.
Fig. 3 is a sectional plan of the fire-place.
Fig. 4 is a front elevation of my improvements applied to kitchen-ranges.
Fig. 5 is a vertical longitudinal section through the same.
Fig. 6 is a vertical transverse section through the fire-place thereof.
I inclose the upper part of the grate above the fire-bars c with plate-iron a or
other suitable material, fitting the front part of the grate, and thereby forming a
case or receptacle for the crude fuel; in the upper part of this receptacle is a door,
slide, or flap b through which such fuel is supplied. In the lower part of the grate,
behind the bars c, the combustion of the fuel is effected, and is consequently the
fire-place; the part above this fire-place contains the non-burning or crude fuel,
which is excluded from sight by the said front plate a, and also from the external
air when the opening at b is closed.
At the lower part of the said fire-place I form the outlets or flues d through
which the products of combustion and escaping gases pass into the chimney. For
the purpose of utilizing the heat, for warming apartments, the said flues & may be
arranged to pass through plain or ornamental metal tubes or hollow pillars d¹, as
shown in Figure 3, and which may be united to the chimney in any convenient
place above the grate.
Two conditions being essential to the combustion of gases, namely, heat and
atmospheric air, or the oxygen contained therein; my object therefore. in placing
the outlet flues d at the lower part of the said fire-place is to cause the smoke and
other volatile parts of the fuel to descend into, through, and to mix with the burning
fuel within such fire-place, where, at a high temperature, the smoke and distilled
gases receive the necessary supply of oxygen to effect their combustion before
escaping by the flues d.
In my arrangement for kitchen-ranges the flame or heat generated in the
fire-place may be conveyed through flues, tubes, or channels, straight or curved,
and placed either horizontally, vertically, or at any angle, and the heat so
conveyed be used for cooking and heating purposes in its said passage to the
chimney.
For regulating the draught through the fire any ordinary damper or dampers
may be suitably and conveniently placed and fitted so as to be applied from
the front or within the room, or the openings in the hollow ash-pit or hearth
may be contracted or closed, and thus used to influence the draught of air into
the fire.
The back part of the said receptacle for crude fuel is, by preference, formed of
solid fire-brick work.

page_text: Having thus fully described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention, and
the method of performing the same, I wish to add that I do not restrict myself to
the precise forms and dimensions of the several parts now described by way of
illustration, as they admit of considerable variation without departing from the
main characteristics of the Invention, but what I claim as new and desire to secure
by the hereinbefore-mentioned in part recited Letters Patent is,-
Firstly, The arrangement of closing the upper part of the grate above the fire-
place, and thus forming a receptacle for the unburnt or crude fuel, and thereby
insuring by a downward draught through the fire the combustion of the smoke
and released gases on their mixing with the air as it passes between the bars into and
through the fire.
Secondly. The arrangement for conveying away the products of combustion and
escaping gases exclusively through outlet flues leading from the lower part of or
below the burning fuel in the fire-place.
All substantially as herein described and shown in the Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Martin Stanley, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
JOHN MARTIN STANLEY. (L.S.)