matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTATORY ENGINES AND PUMPS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ebenezer William Hughes and
Thomas Howard Head at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 22nd May 1867.
We, EBENEZER WILLIAM HUGHES, of 5, Queen Square, Westminster, and
THOMAS HOWARD HEAD, of 9, Dowgate Hill, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTATORY
ENGINES AND PUMPS," to be as follows:-
Much difficulty having existed in the production of a complete rotary engine,
in which action and reaction are equal, and there is no loss while the piston
is passing the valves; also in turbines from the rush of water only being
made available; and in pumps and exbausters because the column of water is
not kept always in motion, but is constantly checked and started again. The
object of this Invention is to overcome these difficulties, and produce a com-
plete rotary engine which maintains the action and reaction always the same,
and all the pressure that is employed therefor effective, the pressure of the
power always acting continuously according to the area of the piston and the
pressure employed. We accomplish this by means of an annular cylinder, in
which rotates a piston made tight and carrying round with it on either side an
induction and an eduction pipe; these pipes connect with the centre pipe which
also forms the axis and medium of motion. In this cylinder are placed two
or more valves as may be required, which are withdrawn as the piston passes,
and it is obvious can be lifted or withdrawn at any time during the passage
of the piston, so that one or more valves are always down. There may be

page_text: any number of pistons in one cylinder, and this regulates the number of
valves.
An important feature of the Invention is the piston with the eduction and
induction passages travelling round with it, and also such arrangement of
valves in such rotary engine or pump as allows one to be removed at any time,
as above described, without interfering with the motion of the piston. The
engine may be reversed by transposing the eduction and induction passages,
and the cylinder may be rotated instead of the piston if required. This
apparatus can be driven by gas, steam, water, or other fluid; or, if driven by a
steam engine, or other external source of power, it becomes applicable as a
pump or exhauster.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLACING, ARRANGING, OR FIXING NEEDLES AND THREADS AND OTHER LIKE FIBROUS MATERIALS ON TO REELS OR RECEIVERS SO AS TO RENDER THEM MORE CONVENIENT FOR USE, ALSO IN THE MANUFACTURE AND FORMS OF SUCH REELS OR RECEIVERS, AND IN THE MATERIALS THEREOF
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Pidding at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd December
1867.
I, WILLIAM PIDDING, of No. 216, Beresford Street, Walworth, in the
County of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLACING, ARRANGING, OR FIXING NEEDLES AND
THREADS AND OTHER LIKE FIBROUS MATERIALS ON TO REELS OR RECEIVERS SO AS TO
RENDER THEM MORE CONVENIENT FOR USE, ALSO IN THE MANUFACTURE AND FORMS
OF SUCH REELS OR RECEIVERS, AND IN THE MATERIALS THEREOF,"
follows:-
My said Invention first consists in placing or threading numerous needles
on to one-length of thread or other like fibrous material, and after fixing,
inserting, or imbedding the points of one, two, or more of such needles near to
each other into a cushion placed in a hollow formed in and through the centre
of such reel or receiver, and then winding in the usual way a layer of thread
round it, fixing, inserting, or imbedding one, two, or more needles into the
cushion placed in the centre at the opposite side of the reel or receiver
and so on alternately until the whole of the needles are fixed, inserted, or
imbedded in the cushion, and the thread or other fibrous material they are
threaded on is wound round the reel or receiver.

page_text: In using the threaded needles herein-before described the last one, two, or
more inserted into the cushion near to each other are removed from it, and
those (if any) not placed nearest to the end of the thread' are slid along it, and
then any required length of thread is cut off for use.
The forms of the reels I use for the purpose of my Invention' are circular,
oval, octaginal, sexaginal, or square with larger holes in their centres than is
ordinarily formed in reels for the purpose of having cushions placed into their
centrés.
The materials of which I manufacture the reels are wood (as in ordinary
cases) glass, bone, porcelain, stoneware, papier machie, and gutta percha:
AN IMPROVED MODE OF REDUCING THE FRICTION OF REVOLVING AND SLIDING SURFACES
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Lord, of Todmorden, in the County of York,.
Machine Maker, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MODE OF REDUCING
THE FRICTION OF REVOLVING AND SLIDING SURFACES."
Sealed the 29th May 1868, and dated the 21st December 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Lord at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st December
1867.
I, EDWARD LORD, of Todmorden, in the County of York, Machine
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MODE OF REDUCING THE FRICTION OF REVOLVING AND SLIDING SURFACES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention is particularly beneficial when applied to the weight hooks
and saddles of top rollers used in machinery for preparing and spinning cotton
and other fibrous substances.
In performing my Invention a dovetailed or other recess is made in the
upper part of the weight hook or saddle, and this recess is filled with a small
block of beech or other wood, and I prefer having the grain of the wood at
right angles or nearly so to the axle of the top roller or other revolving
article. When the weight hook or other article is lubricated the wood
becomes saturated with the oil or other lubricant, and the lubricant so.

page_text: absorbed continues to be imparted to the axle for a considerable time; by
this means the frequent oiling hitherto found requisite is avoided, and the
irregularities in the draft between the drawing rollers is prevented, thereby
economising labor and lubricating materials and producing more uniform
work.
In applying my improvements to the bearings of revolving shafts and
spindles one or more blocks of wood are let into the bearing to support the
shaft or spindle.
My improvements may also be applied to reduce the friction of sliding
surfaces, such as the tables of shaping machines and other similar articles;
in those cases blocks of wood are inserted at intervals in one of the friction
surfaces.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE SASH FRAMES AND BOXINGS OF WINDOWS AND SHUTTERS, AND IN THE MODE OF HANGING THE SASHES OF WINDOWS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Evans at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th December
1867.
I, EDWARD EVANS, of Peacock Street, High Street, Newington Butts, in
the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE SASH FRAMES AND BOXINGS OF
WINDOWS AND SHUTTERS, AND IN THE MODE OF HANGING THE SASHES OF WINDOWS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing the sash frames and boxings of
windows and shutters, and hanging the sashes of windows as follows, that is
to say:-
Instead of constructing such parts as heretofore commonly practised, and
which renders the removal of the sashes and attaching of the said lines
and weights tedious and difficult, I propose to remedy these objections by the
following means:-First, as regards sash frames, I propose to make the
boxings thereof hinged or sliding instead of fixed as commonly practised, so
that by simply turning such parts on their hinges they may be opened and
access had to the sash weights and lines for connecting them together when
required, or the boxings may be slidden into grooves as panels, and removed
when required, or be otherwise attached to the sash frame so as not to be
fixtures; and I propose to connect the sashes of the window to the sash lines
by affixing a book to each sash line, which said hook takes into a hole formed

page_text: in a piece of metal let into the edge of the sash so as to be flush therewith.
I employ parting beads of the ordinary kind to keep the sashes separate.
By the above improved method of connecting the sashes to their respective
sash lines and weights, the sashes may be easily and quickly detached from
the sash frame by simply unbooking the said lines, the hinged doors being
first opened or the panels removed for. that purpose, also the parting beads.
The sashes can then be taken away, either for cleaning, glazing, or painting
them, and again be replaced in their frame and fixed temporarily therein by
thumbscrews or other convenient means.
The above mode of constructing the boxings of windows applies also to the
sliding shutters of windows.
AN IMPROVED STEAM ENGINE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Morgan Gillham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th October 1867.
I, ALFRED MORGAN GILLHAM, of Roff's Wharf, Woolwich, in the County of
Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
STEAM ENGINE," to be as follows:-
The main shaft or arbour to have a right-hand and left-hand screw, having a
suitable nut or nuts, or one or more proper steadfasts in lieu thereof, working
either therein or thereon, the said nut, nuts, or steadfasts to be worked back-
ward and forward by means of a piston with suitable connections, so as, for
instance, that in the one movement of the piston one nut or steadfast shall be
fast in such way as in moving on the shaft the said shaft shall be caused to
revolve, and on the reverse movement of the piston the said nut or steadfast
shall be released from such fixture, and the second nut or steadfast shall in
such like manner, and in lieu thereof, become fast and traversing with the
reversed movement of the piston in or on the reverse screw of the shaft
aforesaid shall cause the said shaft to revolve in the same direction as at
the first.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND TWISTING YARNS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Estler Blacke at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th October
1867.
I, DAVID ESTLER BLACKE, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, Ireland,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND TWISTING YARNS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the application of a friction plate or cone to the
spool or bobbin in the process of spinning or twisting flax, tow, and other
fibrous materials into yarn, my object being to drive the bobbin and contents
by means of the above-mentioned plate or cone, and not solely by the yarn or
thread as is the case at present. This I effect by causing the friction plate or
cone which acts on the bobbin or spool to revolve with the spindle, the latter
passing through the friction plate or cone which has a feather (or other like
contrivance) inside the hole, which feather fits into a corresponding slot in the
spindle which is prepared to receive it. By this means the friction plate is
carried round with the spindle at the same time that the bobbin works up and
down in building. By the above apparatus economy is effected, while the
yarn is less liable to break in spinning, as the thread has only to contend with
the tension imposed on it by the "drag" (as in the case of flax spinning), and

page_text: is relieved from the necessity of having to turn the entire weight of the bobbin
and its contents, as is the case by the ordinary method of spinning. The " drag"
in the case of my Invention simply regulates the necessary tension for the
delivery of the material being spun on to the bobbin.
A SELF-ACTING DAMPER IN CONNECTION WITH STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Schofield and Edmund
Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 6th May 1867.
We, WILLIAM SCHOFIELD, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
and EDMUND SMITH, of Rochdale, same County, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "A SELF-ACTING DAMPER IN CONNECTION WITH
STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of an apparatus so constructed as to act upon the
damper of steam boilers as to open and shut it by the pressure of steam in the
boiler, and that one damper shall be quite sufficient for any number of boilers.
To effect the above we provide a cast-iron frame on which we fix a small donkey
engine; we fix into this frame an upright shaft with a worm fixed on to it
which works into a wheel on an horizontal shaft. On the end of such horizontal
shaft we fix an eccentric; there is a lever that is acted upon by this eccentric
as required to open or shut the damper; there is a ball or vessel of mercury
attached, to the top of which is a tube of iron, up which the mercury expands
by the beat; in the top or near the top of this tube is a piston; this acting
under the eccentric shaft, or in any way to lift and lower it, affects the
eccentric on such sbaft that it acts upon the lever in connection with the
damper so as to open and shut such damper by the action of such mercury. It

page_text: is desirable that a continuous motion be kept up all the time the boilers are
under pressure; by these means a great amount of fuel will be saved, and
where the consumption of steam is irregular it will prove a perfect regulator.
It is likewise an important check against boiler explosions from over pressure,
and a check against the accuracy of the steam gauge. This apparatus may be
fixed to a wall or on the main steam pipes or anywhere to suit the position
of the damper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES AND THEIR PERMANENT WAYS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clark at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th September
1867.
I, JOHN CLARK, of Orchard Street, Paddington, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES AND THEIR PERMANENT WAYS," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
The improvements which constitute this Invention have for their object to
increase the tractive power of locomotive engines upon steep gradients.
My first improvement consists in making the driving wheels with two
I
flanges or tyres, or adding second wheels to each ordinary driving axle.
make the second tyre or additional wheel of less diameter than the first or
ordinary tyre and wheel, and lay down a second rail for the lesser wheel to
run upon. The said second rail is to be fixed at the side of the ordinary rail
when the increase of the tractive power of the engine is required. The
difference in the level of the said rails is determined by the difference in the
radii of the two driving wheels. The height of the second rails in all cases is
to be such that when the engine is running thereon and bearing upon the
second tyre or lesser wheels the first tyre or ordinary wheels may run clear
of the ordinary rails of the permanent way. The lesser diameter of the second

page_text: +re or wheel and raised rail increase the tractive power of the engine. The
second tyre and second rail may be of metal, wood, or other materials, and
their bearing surfaces may be plain or otherwise according to the nature of
the incline and power required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR SORTING, SCREENING, AND CLASSIFYING CORN, SEEDS, FLOUR, OR OTHER SUBSTANCES WHICH IT MAY DESIRABLE TO CLASSIFY
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hunter Henry Murdoch at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
August 1867. A communication from abroad by Edmond Van Schepdael,
of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Agricultural Engineer, and
Baptiste Bourgès, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Gentleman.
I, HUNTER HENRY MURDOCH, of No. 7, Staple Inn, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR SORTING, SCREENING, AND
CLASSIFYING CORN, SEEDS, FLOUR, OR OTHER SUBSTANCES WHICH IT MAY
DESIRABLE TO CLASSIFY," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to means or apparatus for sorting, screening, and
classifying corn, seeds, flour, or other substances which it may be desirable to
classify, and it consists in arranging and combining a series of concentric
cylindrical sieves or screens of different diameters one within the other, each
sieve or screen having apertures, holes, or meshes of a different size, those of
the inner screen being largest, and those of the outer screen smallest, so that
the corn or other substance which it is required to sort or classify being fed
into the inner screen, and and rotary motion being communicated to the series of
screens, the meshes or apertures in the said inner screen will arrest the largest
grains or pieces, and the remainder of the said corn or other substance will
fall through to the second screen, where again the largest grains or pieces will
be arrested, the remainder passing through to the third screen, and thus each
screen will successively arrest the largest grains or pieces that pass into it,
and at last the smallest grains or pieces will fall through the apertures or

page_text: meshes of the outer screen. The cylindrical sieves or screens are affixed to
radial arms on an axis, the said axis being capable of rotary motion and
working in bearings supported by a suitable frame. Each screen, which may
be closed at one end, is provided at its other end with a tubular end piece for
delivering the contents of the said screen, and the said tubular pieces being of
different lengths that of the inner screen being longest and that of the outer
screen being shortest, the contents of each screen is delivered at a different
spot and may be collected separately. The substances to be sorted or classified
may be fed into the inner screen by means of a hopper or other suitable
nieans. The screens and their axis may be set either horizontally or in a
slanting direction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF CONSUMING SMOKE IN FURNACES AND OTHER FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gavin Alston at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th June 1867.
I, GAVIN ALSTON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Cabinet Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF CONSUMING SMOKE IN FURNACES AND OTHER
FIRE-PLACES," to be as follows:-
According to my improvements I admit air on the top of the fuel above the
fire-bars from the front of the furnace, the draught being regulated by a
suitable damper or sliding door at which the fuel is introduced. The ash-pit
is kept closed at all times, except when removing the cinders, the damper
being closed at such time, the back of the furnace chamber is also closed by
a plate or partition. In this manner the fresh air is forced to pass down
through the fuel and fire-bars, drawing with it the smoke and flame, and so
effecting its almost entire combustion, the smoke afterwards passing away
through the flues as usual. The fire-bars I make of fire-clay in order to
withstand the great heat produced by the down draught. In adapting my
improvements to stoves 1 close in the lower part or ash-pit by a damper, which
is only opened for the removal of cinders, and admit air through the front
and top of the stove, the amount of which is regulated by dampers sliding in
front and over the fire, they being closed at the time the ash-pit is opened..

page_text: The air entering for combustion is thus wholly caused to pass down through
the fire, and so conduce to the consumption of the smoke. The air if desired
may be heated previous to its introduction into the furnace by passing it through
pipes placed in the flues or chimney.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DECORATION OR ORNAMENTATION OF METALS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Davies at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th March 1867.
-A communication from abroad by Charles Besançon, of Paris, Gilder.
I, GEORGE DAVIES, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of
Middlesex, and No. 87, St. Vincent Street, in the City of Glasgow, Civil
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DECORATION OR ORNAMENTATION OF METALS,"
(a communication to me from abroad by Charles Besançon, of Paris, Gilder,)
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the decoration or ornamentation of a great variety
of articles, such as buckles, bracelets, brooches, and so forth, executed in
copper or other metal and gilded or silvered.
According to these improvements the Inventor proceeds as follows:-
Supposing for example that it is required to decorate a lady's waist buckle
(or other similar article) by the application of gold of different colors, the
buckle is to be first gilded entirely, and then the side or surface to be decorated
is covered with a varnish laid on evenly; the design is then to be traced on
by means of a point or other tool, which will remove the varnish and the first
gilding wherever the tool touches. The metal is thus completely exposed, and
it is only requisite to plunge the article into a bath of gold of another color
to obtain a design which is in perfect unison with the original ground. Thus

page_text: the first gilding being in pale or green gold the design may be in dark or
yellow gold, thus producing a very beautiful effect, which may be further
enhanced by engraving or chasing. By this meaus not only is the labor
abridged but the gold also is economized, because the only parts re-coated are
those exposed by the graver. For objects or articles to be decorated in black
by oxydation the process is the same, that is to say, they are first gilded or
silvered all over, then varnished, and the design scratched or engraved thereon,
after which they are immersed in the oxyde bath. Articles having their salient
parts polished and burnished are produced or decorated as follows:-The
articles previously stamped, engraved or chased are first plunged in a bath
which gilds or silvers them entirely, according to the effect desired to be
produced; they are then varnished all over; the varnish is next polished off,
all the salient parts which are thus prepared to receive a fresh coating of
gold, silver, or oxyde. On plunging the articles thus prepared into a bath of
a proper color to produce the decoration or ornamentation required, they will
become gilded or silvered anew upon all the salient parts; these parts, which
already form a contrast with the ground, are then burnished and produce a
most agreeable effect, which may then be enhanced (if desired) by engraving
or chasing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING. MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Griffith Brewer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
February 1867.-A communication from abroad by Gustav Odemar, of
Neustadt, near Stolpen, Kingdom of Saxony.
I, EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER, of 89, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING. MOTIVE POWER,"
(communicated to me from abroad by Gustav Odemar, of Neustadt, near
Stolpen, Kingdom of Saxony,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in keying a shaft upon a lever fitting into a circular
chamber and dividing the same into two parts; the shaft on which this lever
is keyed is eccentric with the centre of the circular chamber; as the lever
moves in the chamber the shaft revolves with it, and the circular chamber thus
following the motion of the lever on its shaft rises and falls as an ordinary
piston in its surrounding cylinder or frame, while the frame in which it itself
slides has a lateral motion thus imparted to it. Steam, water, or air may be
used for setting the machine in motion, and when steam is employed" it is
admitted into chambers, and thence above and below the frame of the circular
chamber and alternately on the sides of the lever in the said chamber, which
as the lever revolves it opens and closes passages at equal intervals, whereby

page_text: the spaces on each side of the frame are alternately placed in connection with
the injection and ejection steam; steam can also be admitted through a hollow
shaft for the lever to revolve on or through making the lever itself hollow.
The machinery is applicable as a steam engine, water machine, or pump, and
for all purposes where motive power is required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING VESSELS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
November 1867.-A communication from abroad by Edouard Maitre,
residing at Veuxaulles, in the Empire of France, Gentleman.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices,
24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 38, Porchester
Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR PROPELLING VESSELS," a communication from Edouard Maitre, a person
resident at Veuxaulles, in the Empire of France, aforesaid, Gentleman, to be
as follows:
The improvements communicated to me consist in placing at the bottom of
ships, boats, and other vessels, along their whole length from stem to stern,
and at the lowest part, a cylindrical or such like capacity, the two extremities
of which are open at the fore and aft of the vessel. This capacity is divided
in the middle of its length by a transversal partition, and the two separate
parts are made to communicate by means of a lift and force pump by a
steam motive power. The water is sucked up into the capacity in front and
forced from the stern part by means of the pump, and this double action of
sucking and forcing propels the ship or vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING BEER AND SIMILAR BEVERAGES TO THE PURCHASER OR CONSUMER
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Heury at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th March 1867.-
A communication from abroad by Henry Giraldon, of 33, Boulevart
Saint Martin, Paris, France.
I, MICHAEL HENRY, of 68, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING BEER AND SIMILAR BEVERAGES
TO THE PURCHASER OR CONSUMER," communicated to me from abroad by Henry
Giraldon, of 33, Boulevart Saint Martin, Paris, France, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to supply beer or similar beverages to the
purchaser or consumer in such manner that the same shall be improved, frothy
and clear, and agreeable to the taste.
The Invention consists in combining apparatus in such manner that as the
beer or like beverage is pumped, drawn, or supplied from the cask or barrel
into a drinking glass or other vessel or receiver a jet of aerated or gaseous
fluid shall be pumped or introduced therein at the same time.
One mode of carrying this Invention into practical effect consists in
employing a lift and force pump, or beer engine, communicating with the beer
barrel so as to pump liquid therefrom into the drinking glass or other vessel
or receiver when actuated by a brake or lever handle. With the pump or
beer engine is combined a pipe leading at one end to a vessel containing
aerated fluid, and at the other to the discharge end or spout of the pump.
The pipe is fitted at top with a spring piston or plunger on which is a stud

page_text: or cap worked by a heel or projection on the lever or brake of the pump or
beer engine, so that at every stroke of the same, whereby the beer is discharged,
the piston in the aerated fluid tube is raised, and a quantity of aerated fluid is
thereby discharged into the drinking glass, or other vessel or receiver, at the
same time as and together with the beer or similar beverage.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN REEFING AND FURLING UPPER TOPSAILS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Fridolf Höök at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th June 1867.
I, FRIDOLF HÖÖк, of Ekenäs, in the Grand Duchy of Finland, Master
Mariner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN REEFING AND FURLING UPPER TOPSAILS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to enable the operations of reefing and
furling upper topsails to be performed with certainty from the deck. For
this purpose I support by stanchions secured to the lower topsail yard a spar
to which the foot of the upper topsail is made fast. The said spar is free to
rotate, and is provided at its arms with grooves or spaces whereon the reefing
tackle is wound during the operation of furling the sail. Furling is effected
by raising the yard by halyards in the ordinary manner. The reefing tackle
is led from the spar arms over sheaves on the lower yard, thence through
blocks or otherwise to the deck. To support the revolving spar, and prevent
its being bent, I connect to the lower topsail yard one, two, or more nests of
rollers carried in a jaw or jaws free to traverse round a certain distance, so
that on suddenly lowering the sail during a squall, and indeed at all times, the
mouth or opening in each jaw through which the sail passes will take the
same direction as the sail.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Litster and George Storey
at the Office of the Commissiouers of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 18th September 1867.
We, CHARLES LITSTER and GEORGE STOREY, both of Manche-ter, in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to those descriptions of looms in which the
shuttle is propelled in its race by jets of air acting upon it. In the present
improved arrangement a chamber or box is formed at each end of the shuttle
race, into which the shuttle fits. From the closed end of this chamber or box
an air passage conducts into a cylinder formed or fixed on the side of the said
chamber, in which cylinder is a piston having a rod passing through the front
end of the cylinder. The cylinder is open at the back, and behind the same
is a rocking lever so actuated by suitable gearing on the loom that at every
alternate backward beat of the lathe the rocking lever pushes forward the
piston in the cylinder, while when the lathe is performing the forward beat a
stud on the framing of the loom strikes against the rod of the piston and
pushes the latter back in the cylinder. By this arrangement when the lathe
makes its backward beat, and the shuttle has arrived in the chamber at one
end of the lathe, the piston to that chamber or box is pushed forward by its
rocking lever, and the air in the cylinder in front of the piston in being thus
forced through the before-mentioned air passage into the end of the shuttle

page_text: chamber acts upon the shuttle so as to throw it along the race, while when
the lathe arrives at the end of its forward motion the piston is pushed back
again, as above described, thus drawing air into the cylinder again ready to
act upon the shuttle when it again arrives in the chamber.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Ellis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th December
1867.
I, GEORGE HENRY ELLIS, of No. 8, Outram Road, Addiscombe, in tho
County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING BOOTS AND SHOES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the forming, mounting, and applying blacking
to brushes for the purpose of cleaning boots and shoes. Tho brushes
1 use are of the rotary description, but instead of forming the surfaces at
right angles with the sides I make them somewhat in the form of an acute
angle, and the surfaces are slightly rounded. I mount these brushes with
the smaller diameter downwards upon a vertical shaft at convenient distances
apart, and in this manner 1 bave proved by experience that a much greater
area of brush surface can be produced upon the boot at one instant of time
than by any other means, and consequently the rate of speed with which boots
may be cleaned by revolving brushes is considerably augmented. They
further afford to the operator the highest facility for cleaning the fronts, sides,
and hollow parts of boots and shoes with the least movement of the hand
and wrist. The brushes are secured to a hollow shaft which bears and rotates
upon a fine steel centre formed upon the top of the vertical shaft or pedestal,
thus ensuring the least possible amount of friction and wear.
usually the dirt brush, and upon the upper brush is a handle
the machine. The vertical pillar is secured to a portable base.
The lower is
for actuating
To apply the

page_text: blacking I provide a small reservoir immediately under the brush to contain
liquid blacking, having a bevilled corrugated wheel disposed therein slightly
bearing upon the brush. This wheel is made with a ratchet arrangement,
and while the brushes are rotating in the usual direction it will not move nor
supply any blacking, but when the movement is reversed the surface of the
brush is slightly coated with blacking in a manner that will be readily under-
stood. I also use a scraper acting upon the blacking wheel and brush within
the reservoir for regulating and preventing any superfluous supply. The
brushes may be disposed in other than a horizontal position, and they may be
actuated by a winch handle with bevilled gear or friction wheels, or they may
be driven from a treadle, crank, and fly wheel.
AN IM- PROVED COMPOUND LEVER FOR WORKING RAILWAY POINTS AND SIGNALS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Frederick Cashin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
May 1867.
I, THOMAS FREDERICK CASHIN, Civil Engineer, of Sheffield, in the County
of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVED COMPOUND LEVER FOR WORKING RAILWAY POINTS AND SIGNALS, APPLICABLE
ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
It consists in the combination of two levers, whereby points or signals or a
set of points and signals of railways can be actuated and locked in the position
required, the points open or closed, and the signals up or down, by the direct
action of the levers. To a metal standard I affix a lever of such length as
may be required, with the fulcrum at a proper distance from the bed plate;
the upper or moving arm of this lever is formed with a slit or slot propor-
tionate in length to the stroke required to be imparted to the lever; in this
slit a pin projecting from a horizontal lever, the fulcrum of which is formed
by the top of the standard, is introduced, and when the handle of the
horizontal lever is pressed downwards the pin between the fulcrum and the
handle moves in the slit and bites at the bottom of it, locking the vertical
lever after throwing it out of the perpendicular position, so that no independent
strain can move it. If the horizontal lever be turned rigt around on its
fulcrum it locks the vertical lever on the opposite side of the standard; or if a
graduated stroke be required the vertical lever may be locked at any point of
the stroke by having it indented, and the horizontal lever provided with a

page_text: chain and pin or spring and tongue. For general purposes the top of the
vertical lever should be formed with a curved fork or U, having both legs
plain and true internally or slotted, the inclination of the legs towards each
other being determined by the desired length and stroke of the lever; in this
case the first motion may be communicated by either a horizontal or vertical
lever, the fulcrum of which lies between the legs of the U; this lever is formed
with a double arm and pins projecting from each to work in the slits of the U,
or the ends of the lever may work within it so as to produce a rocking motion
and lock the vertical lever at the end of both the up-and-down stroke. By
having a compound standard one prime mover, either horizontal or vertical,
may work two or more lower levers with all the attachments above and
below the fulcra, which may be connected thereto for working the points or
signals. This arrangement of compound lever or combination of levers is
also applicable for the reversing motion of locomotive engines and other
purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATORS FOR LUBRICATING ROTATING SHAFTS AND OTHER MOVING SURFACES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolph Schwartz at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd July
1867.
I, ADOLPH SCHWARTZ, of Berlin, No. 87, Zimmer Street, in the Kingdom of
Prussia, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LUBRICATORS FOR LUBRICATING ROTATING SHAFTS AND OTHER MOVING SURFACES,"
to be as follows:--
This Invention has for its object improvements in lubricators for lubricating
rotating shafts and other moving surfaces. For this purpose an oil vessel or
reservoir is employed, which is made by preference of glass, and is of a bottle
like form; into the mouth of it there is fitted a suitable stopper through
which a pipe passes, the interior of which is filled with a group of minute
tubes; the inner end of the pipe is covered with a cap in the centre of which
is a small hole. When the apparatus is in use it is inverted and the pipe
inserted in a hole bored for it in the bearing, so that it and the small tubes
within it rest upon the shaft or surface to be lubricated. In this apparatus
the oil does not flow out when it is inverted in consequence of the small
diameter of the tubes, and because there is no free admission of air to the
upper part of the oil reservoir, but nevertheless the shaft or moving surface
being in contact with the tubes draws the oil from them as it is required.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS AND FOLIAGE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Blizard Robinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
April 1867.
I, THOMAS BLIZARD ROBINSON, of Islington, in the County of Middlesex,
Merchant's Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS AND FOLIAGE," to be
as follows:-
My improvements in the manufacture of artificial flowers and foliage have
for their object to form the petals of flowers and foliage of plants in such a
manner and of such substances as will cause them to expand on the appli-
cation of damp, and present the appearance of growing and flowering plants.
To this end I form the petals and leaves of the pith of the elder or other
plants containing such substance. The outer bark must be carefully removed
from the pith, which may then be dyed of any desired colour suitable for
producing flowers of the required tint; the dyed pith is then compressed by
means of a press, after which it may, if desired, be dyed again, and again com-
pressed. The petals of flowers or foliage of plants are formed from these
pieces of dyed and compressed pith by cutting off thin slices at different
angles so as to obtain different forms; the petals and foliage are then bound
together by means of fine wire or other suitable material so as to give the
form of a closed flower or foliage bud, and this thin or fine wire may be
covered with some textile material, such as fine tape, ribbon, or thread dyed
of the proper colour, as in the manufacture of ordinary artificial flowers.

page_text: Now, if the stems of flowers and foliage so prepared be placed in water or in
damp moss, or if the flowers and foliage be damped by dipping in water or
exposed to a humid atmosphere, or damped by a shower from a watering pot
with a fine rose, the compressed petals and foliage will gradually expand as if
growing naturally, and will develope a full blown flower.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GUN AND PISTOL LOCKS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Rigby at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th February
1867.
I, THOMAS RIGBY, of Bradmore, near Wolverhampton, in the County of
Stafford, Gun Lock Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GUN AND PISTOL LOCKS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in gun
and pistol locks whereby the cock or hammer is made to rebound after the
discharge of the gun or pistol and raise itself to half-cock, and thus render
unnecessary the ordinary process of half-cocking by hand.
I construct and arrange the parts of the lock in the following manner :-
The mainspring of the lock is made to engage with the crane of the tumbler
in the ordinary way; the said crane of the tumbler is however prolonged
beyond the joint of the link which connects the said crane of the tumbler to
the mainspring. The prolonged part of the crane is of such a length that
when the hammer is down it projects over and bears upon the end of the
upper or stand side of the mainspring, the said end of the mainspring being
made to project a short distance beyond the stop. When by the action of the
trigger the hammer is allowed to fall the nose of the hammer strikes upon the
nipple or pin or striker in the usual way, but the prolonged or projecting part
of the crane of the tumbler strikes upon the upper end of the mainspring just
before the hammer reaches the lowest point in its descent; the said upper.
part of the mainspring is thereby depressed, and it immediately reacts on the
said projecting part of the crane, lifting the said projecting part and with it

page_text: the tumbler and hammer; the hammer is thus brought to half-cock or to
such a height that a bent in the tumbler engages with the sear and maintains
the hammer in the position it has been brought to by its rebound. The
other parts of the lock are of the ordinary kind.
My Invention is applicable to the locks of both single and double guns and
pistols.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF UNBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Weigand at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th February
1867.
I, CHARLES WEIGAND, of Cambridge Street, Pimlico, in the County of
Middlesex, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF UNBRELLAS AND
PARASOLS," to be as follows:-
Umbrellas or parasols as at present constructed or made consist of a stick
with two long grooves cut therein to receive each a spring, of ribs, stretchers,
and cover. The stretchers are at their lower ends inserted in a grooved and
notched ring on a runner and there held by a wire passing through eyes at
their extremities. The upper ends of the stretchers meet and are attached to
the ribs, and on these latter is strained the silk or cloth; the upper ends of the
ribs are secured precisely as explained with regard to the lower ends of the
stretchers in a grooved ring or boss fixed near the top of the stick. I propose
to dispense with the grooves cut in the stick, and consequently with the springs
inserted therein; also to do away with the use of the grooved rings and wires
of runner and boss now used to secure the ends of the ribs and stretchers, and
to substitute the mechanism, shewn on the accompanying Sheet of Drawing,
forming part of this my Provisional Specification.
The lower ends of the stretchers of an umbrella are placed each in one of
the slots 6 cut in the plate a (Figs. 1 and 3) and through the openings c in
the plate X (Figs. 1 and 2); there are studs d on the plate X and holes e to

page_text: receive said studs on plate a; the studs d passing into the holes e, when
the plate a is covered by that X to secure the stretchers in the slots b, the
whole being carried on the slide or runner h. The upper ends of the ribs are
fitted into and fixed by two plates, exactly like those a and X, these plates
replacing the ordinary boss. To keep the umbrella in position when stretched
for use I place a stud 9 on the stick at the most convenient spot; as the
runner or slide passes up the stick this stud passes into the bayonet slot f,
and a slight turn of the slide h secures it in position. When the umbrella is
closed the lower stud i passes into the bayonet slot j, and is there secured by
a slight turn of the slide; the runner or slide his composed of an inner and
an outer case, the one sliding on the other, and both slotted to form the bayonet
joints; the slide or runner plates and studs may be made of brass or any
suitable metal or material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAWN MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Shanks at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th July 1867.
I, JAMES SHANKS, of Arbroath, in the County of Forfar, North Britain, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAWN
MOWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the construction of the sole plates or bottom
blades for lawn mowing machines to be reversible, that is to say, the sole
plates or bottom blades are made with two edges, so that when one edge is
worn the plate can be unscrewed and reversed or turned round, when the new
edge will be brought into contact with the cutter. By this system one sole
plate will last as long as two of the ordinary construction.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FURNACES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Brown Wilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th November
1867.
I, EDWARD BROWN WILSON, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FURNACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention is applicable to flued boiler and to marine boiler furnaces.
When altering a flued or Cornish boiler furnace I construct a perforated
brick arch at the higher part of the flue, with a space between the arch and
the top of the flue for supplying the perforations with air, the air so supplied
passing down on to and into the incandescent fuel; or I construct the arch
with segments of fire-clay perforated, the arch or segments being constructed
some distance into the flue. I sometimes leave the bars as at present con-
structed. I sometimes construct a plate some distance into the flue and bars
a further distance. I sometimes construct an air admission or admissions,
with a valve or valves for the regulation thereof in the front of the boiler for
admitting air to the upper chamber. Sometimes I construct conduits in the
segments or brickwork for the passage of air into the upper ehamber. I
sometimes construct the plate above described hollow, or construct hollow
bars taking the air up in the flue and connecting the hollow plate or bars at
the front or back end with the upper air passages; or I sometimes heat the
air by any well-known apparatus.