matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING OR FASTENING THE RAILS OF TRAMWAYS TO SLEEPERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Colquhoun Bell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th September 1871.
I, HUGH COLQUHOUN BELL, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid
Lothian, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING OR FASTENING THE RAILS OF
TRAMWAYS TO SLEEPERS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention which relates to a more effectual method of securing
or fastening the rails of tramways to the sleepers than those at present
adopted, consists in the construction and employment of buckles which
surround the sleepers transversely, the upper ends of which are formed
with conical or wedge-shaped studs projecting inwards, and to receive
these studs holes are arranged at intervals at the sides of the tramway
rails. A screw bolt is passed through each buckle underneath the rail,

page_text: and the nut thereon being tightened draws or forces the conical studs
into the holes in the rails, so that by using a sufficient number of the
said buckles the tramway rails are effectually fastened down, and are
casily removed when required by loosening the nut upon the screw bolts,
thus releasing the hold of the buckles.
IMPROVED SHOES FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Silas Rogers at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th May
1871.
I, SILAS ROGERS, of Kennington, in the County of Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED SHOES FOR HORSES
AND OTHER ANIMALS," to be as follows:―
I make each shoe in two parts, one thinner than the other, the thin
part having in it two or more slots tapering both longitudinally and
vertically, and another slot in connection with a keyway. The thicker
part of the shoe has fixed to it snugs or projections corresponding with
the tapered slots, and also another snug or projection having a groove
to correspond with the keyway. The thin part of the shoe is screwed
or otherwise securely fixed to the hoof of the animal, and the snugs or
projections on the thicker part passed into the slots in the thinner part,
and when the two parts are pushed to coincide with each other, and a
key entered into the keyway and driven up tight, the complete shoe is
securely held to the hoof or foot of the animal by means of the key and
tapered parts of the snugs and slots.

page_text: For roughing the shoes the holes in the movable part of the shoe
are countersunk to receive the calks, which are kept in position by
the fixed or upper half of the shoe when the two parts are brought
together.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE JOINTS OR HINGES OF LOCKETS, BROACHES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF JEWELLERY
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Swain at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
March 1871.
I, GEORGE SWAIN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturing Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE JOINTS OR HINGES OF LOCKETS, BROACHES,
AND OTHER ARTICLES OF JEWELLERY," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in making the joints or hinges of the said
articles in the manner herein-after described. By my Invention the
joints or hinges are made in a simple and inexpensive manner and
the use of separable or detachable joint pins or rivets is avoided.
My improvements may be applied to the joints or hinges. of lockets
and other articles of jewellery which open and close either by a lateral
motion or by a rising and falling motion.
I will describe my improvements as applied to the joint or hinge of
a locket. At that end of one half of the locket where it is to be jointed
or hinged to the other half of the locket I form a hollow or tubular
rivet,, the said hollow rivet being made by pressing or stamping outwards

page_text: a portion of the metal of the half locket itself, that is to say, by means
of press tools worked in a press I force from the half locket where the
joint is to be made a hollow or tubular rivet, the said rivet projecting
from the side of the half locket, a hole being left in the half locket by
the displacement of the metal to form the said hollow rivet or flange.
In the other half of the locket I pierce a hole of a size proper to receive
the hollow or tubular rivet of the first described half locket. The said
hole is countersunk or of a taper figure. The hollow or tubular rivet
of one half of the locket being placed in the taper hole of the other
half of the locket, the upper end of the said rivet is expanded by
pressure into the wide end of. the said taper hole. The halves of the
locket are thereby jointed or hinged together by a hollow joint or
hinge, through which hollow joint or hinge the suspending ring of the
locket is passed.
Instead of making the hole in one half of the locket countersunk or
taper and expanding the hollow rivet inside the said hole, the said
hole may be cylindrical and the end of the rivet be expanded outside
the said hole.
The application of my Invention to the joints or hinges of other
articles of jewellery besides lockets differs in no essential respect from
its application to lockets herein described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN 'FETTLING' FOR PUDDLING AND OTHER FURNACES USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Corbett and William
Griffiths at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 11th March 1871.
We, WILLIAM CORBETT and WILLIAM GRIFFITHS, both of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN 'FETTLING' FOR PUDDLING AND OTHER FURNACES
USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL," to be as follows:-
-
The object of this Invention is to improve the cinder used for
"fettling" and lining puddling and other furnaces, and to dispense
with the use of red ore called “hematite" calcined ironstone, and
also calcined tap cinder, commonly called bulldog," whereby a
considerable economy is effected.
"
The Invention consists principally in mixing with the puddling
cinder in the puddling or other furnace or otherwise in the tapping
wagon (when the cinder is run out of the furnace into. the tapping
wagon) a mixture composed of oxide, of calcium, chloride of lime, and
oxide of manganese. The proportions in which we use these ingredients
will depend upon and vary with the quality of the pig iron or steel
under treatment, but as an example for pig iron of ordinary quality

page_text: a mixture of about eighty parts oxide of calcium, and about ten parts
each of chloride of lime and oxide of manganese will be found to answer
the purpose well.
In carrying out our Invention we put the mixture of oxides and
chloride in the puddling furnace when the puddle balls are being taken
out of the furnace, so that they melt and fuse or mix with the cinder,
or otherwise if the furnace is very hot we put the oxides and chlorides
into the tapping wagon, and run the puddling cinder into it, and mix
it up well together in the tapping wagon. When the cinder thus
mixed and improved has become cold it may be used again to "fettle
and line the puddling or other. furnace with when required. Should
the puddler however prefer to cool his cinder in the furnace after the
addition of the oxides and chloride he may do so; and then push the
cinder. round the furnace with a scraper and thus save himself the
trouble of tapping out the cinder.
و,
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOATS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Moore at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th January
1871.
I, JOHN MOORE, of Meridian Place, Clifton, near Bristol, in the City
and County of Bristol, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOATS," to be
as follows:
Boats such as are used on rivers and canals and propelled by oars or
sculls by manual labour have hitherto been constructed of greater
length from stem to stern than in width from side to side; the lower
parts have been open and uncovered so that in rough weather they have
taken a deal of water and become unpleasant to the persons sitting in
them; in addition there has been no means of making them buoyant
whereby their powers of floatation would be such as to render them
safe in all conditions of weather.
Now by my Invention I propose to make boats of circular form, or
nearly so, and to divide the lower from the upper part by a partition so
as to form air chambers at the lower part to increase their buoyancy

page_text: and to make them safe. Rowlocks are to be fitted on the edges so that
oars or sculls can be used for propelling them, and sockets and cleats
are fixed for the masts to carry the sails, haulyards, and lanyards,
These sockets are to be preferably at one portion of the edges and eyes
for the rudder directly opposite thereto. The gunwales are to be carried
up high and rounded over well at the top to prevent the boat shipping
water over the edges.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIRT FRONTS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stephen Jarvis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd December 1871.
I, JOHN STEPHEN JARVIS, one of the Managers for Dent, Allcroft,
and Company, of 97, Wood Street, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIRT
FRONTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the employment of an elastic washable strip
or gusset in or to the neck band of a shirt front, which strip or gusset
may or may not have an elastic button-hole in it, the object being to
make the neck band available for different sized necks; avoiding the
necessity of making to measure and of a tradesman holding a
multiplicity of sizes in stock.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINED WATering Cans and GARDEN ENGINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Pumphrey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
February 1871.
I, JOSIAH PUMPHREY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINED WATering Cans and GARDEN ENGINES,” to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing and arranging in the manner
herein-after described the parts of a combined watering can and garden
engine, whereby the said combined apparatus may be used either as
an ordinary watering can or as a garden engine at pleasure.
At the bottom of an ordinary watering can I fix, by soldering or
otherwise, the base or foundation plate to which the pump barrel and
air vessel of the garden engine are affixed. I prefer to fix the said
base plate close against the inside of the watering can and nearly
midway between the handle and spout. The said base plate contains the
water way between the pump barrel and the air vessel, and the water
enters the pump barrel through perforations in the said base plate.

page_text: screws.
Upon the said fixed base plate a covering plate or cap fitted with openings
for the reception of the pump barrel and air vessel is fixed by means of
The pump barrel and air vessel are connected to this covering
plate or cap by screwing them thereon. The tops of the pump barrel
and air vessel may be secured to the upper edge of the watering can.
The top of the air vessel is provided with a delivery pipe consisting of
the ordinary flexible pipe terminating in a metal pipe having the usual
rose and jet. When the garden engine is not in use the delivery pipe is
fixed so as not to interfere with the ordinary use of the watering can by
passing the metal part of the said pipe behind a spring tongue on the
top of the watering can and the handle of the watering can, the said
metal part of the pipe is, thereby held securely in a horizontal position.
Outside the watering can and at its bottom is a projecting foot plate
situated immediately opposite the base or foundation plate of the garden.
engine inside the watering can. The pump cylinder and air vessel are
of the ordinary construction.
When it is wished to use my Invention as a watering can it is
only necessary to fix the delivery pipe of the garden engine in the
manner herein-before described.
When it is wished to use it as a garden engine the can filled with
water is held down by placing the foot on the foot plate and the delivery
pipe is liberated by raising it from the spring tongue described. The
delivery pipe being held and directed by the left hand the pump is
worked by the right hand and water from the can is thereby delivered
by the rose or jet of the delivery pipe at the required place.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREWS AND SCREWDRIVERS APPLICABLE TO THE SAME
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Steer Christopher and
James Frederick Lackersteen at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 2nd February 1871.
We, JOSEPH STEER CHRISTOPHER and JAMES FREDERICK LACKER-
STEEN, of No. 3, John Street, Bedford Row, London, Gentlemen, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SCREWS AND SCREWDRIVERS APPLICABLE TO THE SAME," to be as follows:-
'
These improvements consist in the construction of screws which not
only partake of the nature or form of ordinary screws so extensively
used in carpenters', joiners', and for other woodwork, and which require
holes or cavities to be previously made (either by a gimlet or otherwise)
in the material into which they are to be inserted, but they also partake
of the nature of gimlets or borers in themselves, having their points
formed in a manner somewhat similar to the points of gimlets, and also
having spiral grooves running along their whole length as in ordinary
gimlets with spiral grooves on their shafts: These grooves are cut in the
whole length of the screw from their points upwards, and continuing
along their blank portions where the thread ceases, and ending in slits

page_text: or small openings having sharp edges on the outside of the heads of the
screws. Now it will be observed that if one of these screws was held
firmly by its head by any instrument and pressed against a piece of
wood and motion applied to it similar to that when using a screwdriver
it would enter the wood without a previous hole being made in it with
the combined action of a gimlet and screw, and in its utility possessing
all the advantages of an ordinary screw. In order to effect this more
readily and with advantage the improvements also consist in the con-
struction of a screwdriver applicable to these screws, one portion of
which is somewhat similar to an ordinary screwdriver, with an instru-
ment attached to it and moving freely on the shaft (of the screwdriver)
having a pair of jaws and possessing the action similar to a pair of
pincers, which are so arranged that they are made to embrace the head
of the screw on its under side at the same time that the straight edge of
the screwdriver is inserted in the slot on the head of the screw. By
this arrangement the screw is made to fix firmly to the instrument and
cannot turn round independently of; it when required to be used for any
purpose, and when it is partly inserted the jaws can be released and
drawn upwards beyond the edge of the screwdriver when the screw can
be driven home as is ordinarily done, making its own countersink if
required, as will be plainly seen by the peculiar construction of the
screw.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE CYLINDRICAL BOXES OR CASES WHICH ARE EMPLOYED FOR HOLDING THE HELICAL OR COILED SPRINGS USED IN SNIDER AND OTHER GUN ACTIONS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Nicholas at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
January 1871.
I, RICHARD NICHOLAS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Engine Turner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE CYLINDRICAL
BOXES OR CASES WHICH ARE EMPLOYED FOR HOLDING THE HELICAL OR COILED
SPRINGS USED IN SNIDER AND OTHER GUN ACTIONS," to be as follows:-
The boxes or cases used for the purposes specified in the title have
been hitherto made by the necessary cavity or cylindrical recess required
being drilled or bored out of a solid piece of metal, but this is an
expensive and tedious process.
According to my Invention I am enabled to produce a similar article
at a much less cost and in a much smaller space of time by drawing a
circular metal blank through dies in the ordinary manner, and as is well
understood.

page_text: I am aware that drawing metal through dies is already in use for
some purposes of manufacture; but as applied to the particular purpose
to which I now propose to apply it the Invention is new.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO CONDENSER CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Crowther at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
January 1871.
´I, JOSEPH CROWTHER, of the Firm of John Crowther and Sons, of
Marsden, in the County of York, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO
CONDENSER CARDING ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that kind of carding machinery technically
known as
"condensers," or those from which the carded wool or fibrous
substances is taken from the doffer in strips and rubbed into rovings
ready for spinning.
.
And my improvements have especial reference to "fillet" clothed
doffers, and consist in the application thereto of one or two pairs of
grooved metal rollers. The first pair of grooved rollers receive the
fibre in a sheet or web as it is stripped from the doffer and divide it
into strips of the required width. The grooves of these rollers are
formed square or at right angles to the axis of the roller at one side,
and when working the right angle of the top roller works against the

page_text: right angle of the bottom roller, and they are made of sufficient
diameter so that they work against each other after the manner of
circular shears, and may be put deeper or set to work at any depth into
each other as may be required by or according to the kind or quality
of the material to be divided. The next or second pair of rollers are
what may be termed carrier rollers or further dividing rollers, in case
any portion of the material is not sufficiently divided by the first pair.
The grooves of these rollers are perfectly square or have both sides
formed at right angles to the axis and arranged so that they can be
set to work at any suitable depth into each other as may be required.
These rollers are by preference constructed of metal, and may be either
turned out of the solid, or by making a series of rings of the required
size and form to fit and be fixed on to each shaft. These rings will be
arranged alternately large and small ones, and made to fit properly into
each other, and the large ones will require to be covered with card rings,
or any other suitable substance possessing adhesive qualities so that the
material will adhere better to them. The strips of carded material
thus divided pass from these rollers to ordinary rubbing rollers in the
usual manner.
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR DISINFECTING SOAPS, SAPONACEOUS COMPOUNDS, OINTMENTS, WASHES, TOOTH POWDERS, TROCHES, AND DISINFECTING POWDER (GRANULATED OR OTHER- WISE
Year: 1871

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by William Martyn Symons at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 31st October 1871, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.-A communication from
abroad by Julius Edmund Dotch, of the City of Washington,
District of Columbia, United States.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
MARTYN SYMONS, of 63, Lower Kennington Lane, in the County of
Surrey, Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
COMPOSITION FOR DISINFECTING SOAPS, SAPONACEOUS COMPOUNDS, OINTMENTS, WASHES,
TOOTH POWDERS, TROCHES, AND DISINFECTING POWDER (GRANULATED OR OTHER-
WISE)," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same,
and have made solemn Declaration that the same is a communication.
to me from abroad by Julius Edmund Dotch, of the City of Washing-"
ton, District of Columbia, United States.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Martyn Symons, do hereby
declare that the following. Complete Specification, under my hand and
seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following
statement:
The Invention consists in adding to the ordinary and general ingredients
of soaps, saponaceous compounds, ointments, washes, tooth powders,
troches, and disinfecting powders (granulated or otherwise) a new dis-
infecting and deodorizing substance, thymol or thymic acid or any
of its derivatives, or thymatic salts or with any of the stearoptens or
their salts, of any of the ethereal or essential aromatic oils or essences of
fruit. Thymol is soluble in water, alcohol, glycerine, ether, acetic acid,
borrio acid, tannic and other aoids, in aqueous potash and soda, and
forms compounds which are soluble in water and in alcohol. Its ad,
vantages over carbolic acid, creosote, &c, are that it has no unpleasant
taste or odour, being very aromatic. It solutions are strongly antiseptic
and possess disinfecting properties in a higher degree than the comman
carbolic acid, and its weaker solutions do not act cauterizing, but cooling.
The proportions of the thymol in the different preparations mentioned
will naturally vary according to the uses they are destined for.
CLAIM.
What I claim as my Invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent
is, a disinfecting soap, saponaceous compounds, washes, ointments, tooth
powders, troches, and disinfecting powders (granulated or otherwise).
made of the ingredients as above set forth,
In witness whereof, I, the said William Martyn Symons, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
WILLIAM MARTYN SYMONS. (L.s.)
WILLIAM MARTYN SYMONS. (L.s.)
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN TREATING LIQUID SEWAGE AND OTHER AMMONIACAL LIQUORS IN ORDER TO OBTAIN MANURE THEREFROM
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolphe Pierre Vassard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th May 1871.
I, ADOLPHE PIERRE VASSARD, of New Cross, in the County of Kent,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN TREATING LIQUID SEWAGE AND OTHER AMMONIACAL LIQUORS IN
ORDER TO OBTAIN MANURE THEREFROM," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the treatment of liquid sewage and
other ammoniacal liquors in order to obtain manure therefrom.
In treating sewage I first separate the liquid portions from the solid
portions by any ordinary process.
I treat the liquid portion of the sewage or the other ammoniacal
liquor according to my Invention by submitting it to two separate or
consecutive operations or treatments, in one of which I use a solution
consisting of superphosphate of lime and phosphate of soda, and in
the other I use a solution consisting of sulphate of magnesia and sul-
phate of alumina, and a very small quantity of sulphate of ammonia.
The order of using these two above-named solutions may, however, be

page_text: reversed, but each must be used separately, that is to say, first one and
then the other.
In carrying out my Invention I usually treat the liquid while it is
being caused to run or flow through a duct or channel, and first
introduce one solution, which I mix well up with the liquid sewage,
and I afterwards introduce the other solution, which I also mix well
with the liquid. The liquid is then left to deposit, and the precipitates
which are formed serve as manure. The supernatant liquid may be
run off and purified by any ordinary process. I can expedite the
operations and obtain greater yield of manure by using a little lime
in addition to the other ingredients.
In carrying the Invention into effect the following proportions and
method of mixing may be used, though I do not confine myself thereto.
For one solution, 66% parts superphosphate of lime and 33 parts phos-
phate of soda may be taken and mixed with water till a solution of a
strength of 18 Baumé be obtained. For the other solution 66 parts
sulphate of magnesia, 33 parts sulphate of alumina, and-1-part-sulphate
of ammonia may be taken and mixed with water to obtain a solution of
the strength of 18° Baumé. The solutions may be introduced at two
different places through perforated pipes projecting or sprinkling them 2
on to and through perforated plates into the channel containing the
liquid sewage, and the solutions and sewage may be additionally mixed
by revolving agitators or paddles mounted (wheel fashion) loosely on
axes in the channel and turned by the current of sewage.
•
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BREAKWATERS AND PIERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Russel Aitken at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th July
1871.
I, RUSSEL AITKEN, of No. 36, Great George Street, Westminster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF BREAKWATERS AND PIERS," to be as follows:
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction
of breakwaters and piers. Breakwaters and piers are commonly con-
structed of concrete blocks, and such blocks have heretofore been of
rectangular form.
I according to my Invention employ blocks of a globular form. For
the first course I prefer to employ half blocks with flat bases to rest on a
levelled bottom. The bases may conveniently be square or hexagonal
and they are laid close together by divers or otherwise. On the base
course the next globular course is laid, each globe on being lowered
approximately to its place and released rolls to its own bearing on the

page_text: base course and beds itself accurately and without trouble, and so in
each successive course. It will depend on the arrangement of the blocks
in the base course whether the globes in the courses above will each
bear at three or four points on the blocks below.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELEVATORS for Raising and STACKING HAY, STRAW, AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Wallis and Charles
James Steevens at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 11th May 1871.
We, ARTHUR WALLIS and CHARLES JAMES STEEVENS, both of
Basingstoke, in the County of Southampton, Engineers and Agricultural
Implement Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELEVATORS for Raising and STACKING HAY, STRAW, AND
OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
Our improvements consist in dispensing with either the ordinary front
or hind travelling wheels of the framing of the elevator and in providing
in place thereof at the front end or hinder end of the framing, or at
any intermediate point between them, a wheel or wheels carried by a
"castor" bracket or framing, that is, a bracket or framing swivelling
upon a pin situated centrally under the framing in advance of the axle
of the wheel or wheels, so that in turning or moving in a curve such
castor wheel or wheels will of their own accord adjust themselves to the
required angular position. Or we provide two separate "castor"
brackets and wheels one on each side of the framing instead of one
central one.

page_text: When one single central castor framing is employed we prefer to
make it of some width and to provide it with antifriction rollers upon
which the framing of the clevator bears, although this is not essential
as it may be made sufficiently strong to carry the weight without the
antifriction rollers.
B
We furthermore arrange the shafts of the elevator to which the horse
is attached so that they are free to move up and down upon pins or
other suitable attachments fixed to the framing of the elevator, while at
the same time they are made to work in vertical slots in the framing,
so as to prevent any lateral motion of the shafts, so that as the horse
turns he carries round the elevator framing with him, the castor bracket
or brackets adjusting themselves to the line of direction of the horses'
motion.
We also provide at the upper or outer end of the folding portion of
the trough a wheel or wheels, so that when it is desired to fold or
unfold such outer end of the trough it may be supported upon the
ground upon such wheel or wheels, and the unfolding or folding be
effected by tilting the framing and lower portion of the trough, so
as to cause the folding part of the trough to move outwards-upon the
wheel or wheels until it is in a straight line with the lower part of
the trough, or to move inwards until it is folded up against such lower
part or nearly so.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SPRING MATTRESS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Henry Samuels at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th June 1871.
I, PHILIP HENRY SAMUELS, of No. 53, Mansell Street, Goodman's
Fields, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of my
said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED SPRING MATTRESS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of a spring mattress in such
manner that it is more elastic and springy than mattresses of the
ordinary make, and becomes thereby more suitable for invalids as well as
for general purposes.
This Invention consists in constructing mattresses with two frames, an
upper and a lower one, the upper one supported or carried upon helical
or coiled springs of the usual construction, but the closed sides and
ends as usually made are entirely dispensed with, and instead thereof
the upper and lower frames are united by straps of webbing or other

page_text: such like material. This construction will admit of the frames touching
each other at either of their edges upon the application of pressure, and
the mattress being entirely open at the sides and ends will allow of the
free passage of air, and thus be cleanly and greatly conducive to health.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN BREWING BEER AND OTHER MALT LIQUORS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Colin Paget Matthews at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th August 1871.
I, COLIN PAGET MATTHEWS, of Grantham, in the County of Lincoln,
Brewer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN BREWING BEER AND OTHER MALT LIQUORS," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in brewing beer and
other malt liquors.
For this purpose I take powdered charcoal in the proportion of from
about ten to twelve pounds thereof to one quarter of malt and boil it for
about half an hour in the water required for mashing and sparging. I
then strain or filter such water, so as to separate the solid particles of
charcoal therefrom, and employ the water as heretofore in the mashing
and sparging processes.
The charcoal I prefer to use for the above process is that prepared
from willow.

page_text: By the use of charcoal as herein described the keeping properties of
beer and other malt liquors are much increased, whilst such liquors are
rendered of a less bilious tendency, thereby enabling many to drink
them who were unable to do so as formerly prepared.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Galloway at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
November 1871.
I, WILLIAM GALLOWAY, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows, that is
to say :-
This Invention has for its object the constructing of sewing machines
for either one or two threads in a simplified and economical manner.
The improved machine is made with a plate, which may be fixed on
a stand with a treadle, or be clamped upon an ordinary table. A
horizontal revolving shaft is fitted beneath the plate, and is driven by
means of a frictional pulley on its outer end, acted on by the inside of
the rim of a hand or pulley wheel carried on a stud. The shaft is formed
with two cranks, one being just within the outer bearing, and acting in a
slot in a slide working in vertical guides up through the plate. The

page_text: slide is formed with an overhanging arm, to the front part of which the
needle is fixed. The front part of the arm is also formed with eyes for
the leg of the presser foot; the presser foot does not, however, move up
and down with the needle arm, being held by a spring arm fixed to the
guide standard at the back. The second crank of the revolving shaft is
on its front end, and works in a slot in a lever centred on a stud below
the shaft, causing such lever to vibrate beneath the throat plate.
When the machine is for a single thread, the vibrating lever is formed
with a hooked upper end having a twist or inclination which causes it to
take each loop passed down through the cloth by the needle, to hold it
until the next loop is taken through it, and to finally let it go producing
a firm chain stitch.
When the machine is for two threads, the vibrating lever has a claw
formed at its upper end to receive a shuttle similar to an ordinary sewing
machine shuttle.
The front crank of the revolving shaft also actuates the feed motion,
which comprises two nearly horizontal levers, one formed with the usual
dog or roughened feeder, and with a nearly vertical part projecting down,
the action of the crank against the latter producing the horizontal feed
traverse. The other feed lever projects through a slot in the first, to
which it communicates the requisite lifting motion, this being imparted
to it by the crank.
•
A spring returns the feed dog back, and an adjustable stop regulates
'
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RELIEVING THE SLIDE VALVES OF ENGINES FROM THE PRESSURE OF THE STEAM OR OTHER FLUID
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Mellor Watkin, of No. 18, Westbourne
Terrace, Bayswater, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RELIEVING THE SLIDE VALVES OF ENGINES FROM
THE PRESSURE OF THE STEAM OR OTHER FLUID."
Sealed the 3rd October 1871, and dated the 1st August 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Mellor Watkin
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 1st August 1871.
I, ALFRED MELLOR WATKIN, of No. 18, Westbourne Terrace, Bays-
water, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RELIEVING THE SLIDE VALVES
OF ENGINES FROM THE PRESSURE OF THE STEAM OR OTHER FLUID," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for
relieving the slide valves of engines from the pressure of the steam or
other fluid.

page_text: In double cylinder engines with one valve chest common to both
valves I introduce between the backs of the slide valves two surfaces
parallel to the valve faces. The backs of the valves work steam-tight
on these surfaces, with which the steam keeps them in contact. The
supporting surfaces are adjustable from the exterior of the valve chest.
The surface plates may be made wedge shape to slide the one on the
other, or a sliding wedge may be inserted between the two surface
plates. The wedge or the moveable surface plate has a stem projecting
through a stuffing box to the exterior of the valve chest, where it is
fitted with an adjusting screw or lever. The pressure of the steam holds
the backs of the surface plates in contact with each other or with the
wedge picce between them. This effect is obtained by inserting packing
rings so as to enclose spaces between the surface plates in which the
atmospheric pressure is maintained, the spaces being provided with
drilled passages or vent holes to prevent the steam accumulating
within them. Similar vent holes are provided to prevent steam
accumulating between the valves and the surface plates.
With this arrangement when the engine is at work the valve may
be adjusted to its face, and the greater or less force required to move
the adjusting stem will indicate to the operator the pressure of the
valves on their faces, and guide him in making the adjustment.
This arrangement is applicable to single engines, one surface plate
supported at the back by an incline on the cover of the valve chest
being employed.
AN IMPROVED CIRCULAR AND CONTINUAL MINCER APPLICABLE FOR MEAT, VEGETABLES, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Maric Drouyer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th April 1871.
I, JEAN MARIE DROUYER, of France, residing at No. 1, Chapel Place,
Cavendish Square, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CIRCULAR AND CONTINUAL
MINCER APPLICABLE FOR MEAT, VEGETABLES, AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as
follows:-
The nature of my improvement relates to the construction and
arrangement of the apparatus by which the meat is at first cut, and
also to the device by which it is afterwards ejected from the machine;
and in order that the same may be clearly understood I will proceed to
describe it.
The body of my machine consists of three communicating hollow
metallic cylinders, ranged above one another, for convenience made at
first in two separate sections, and afterwards joined together and to the
end plates by bolt or screws. The hopper with which the top cylinder
is provided for the reception of meat represents alternate grooves and
ridges around the interior surfaces of the top and middle cylinders.

page_text: The bottom cylinder has a smooth interior surface; the bore of this
cylinder extends the whole length of the cylinder. An opening of the
diameter of the bore of the bottom cylinder in the end plate commu-
nicates with it. The cutters are of an almost semicircular form, are
provided with the hafts which pass through the shafts, and are so
arranged as to operate eccentrically. Attached to the shaft are drivers
of sheet metal, which may be all made of one piece of metal of the form
of the grooves through which they pass. There is a piston operating in
the lower cylinder by means of a cam. The cam consists of a round
wheel with a gradually rising ridge terminating in an abrupt fall; the
rise of the ridge pushes the piston forward while the abrupt termination
allows it to spring back. The cam has a handle by which it is operated,
the one application of power moving the piston and revolving the
shafts which revolve in contrary directions. The meat being placed in
the hopper is cut by the knives gradually as it passes through the first
and second cylinders, the knives on the first shaft revolve from right
to left with it; those of the second from left to right, the meat is con-
veyed from the first to the second cylinder by the drivers, and being
minced to the requisite fineness is dropped into the third cylinder, out of
which it is ejected by the piston.
This machine may be used not only in cutting meat, but to con-
siderable advantage in cutting vegetables, and is especially a valuable aid
in the making of "julienne."
What I claim as my Invention and desire to secure by is,-
1. The combination of the cutters, drivers, shafts, cylinders, all con-
structed and arranged substantially in the manner and for the purpose
set forth.
2. The piston, spring, and cam constructed, arranged, and operating
together.
The combination of the different parts herein specified and sub-
IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS AND CAPS AND COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert William Hart at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th October 1871.
I, HERBERT WILLIAM HART, of 24, George Street, Hanover Square,
London, Engineer and Professor of Dietetics, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS AND CAPS
AND COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD," to be as follows:―
My Invention for improvements in hats, caps, and coverings for
the head has for its object to ventilate or cause a circulation of air in
these articles, so as to carry off the heat or vapours that may arise
from the head, and keep the latter cool in sultry weather.
To this end I form a narrow open space between the lining and body
of the hat both at the front and the back, so that air may pass in at the
front, and escape at the back between the lining and the body of the
hat. At the sides of the head the hat is lined or padded with thin
sheets of corks or other suitable substance so as to make the hat fit the
head.

page_text: By constructing the hat or other covering in this manner a current
of air will be caused to pass through the hat, and over the top of the
head without creating an uncomfortable draught.
In very cold weather, and when a draught through the hat is not
desired, the spaces at back and front may be partially or wholly closed 5
by moving round the cork or other slide padding or a portion thereof
from the sides to the back and front.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOULDED OR PRESSED SOLID GLASS FRAMES FOR PLATEAUX, MIRRORS, AND PICTURES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Robinson, William Robin-
son, and Charles Skinner at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 27th April 1871.
We, PETER ROBINSON, of Warrington, WILLIAM ROBINSON, of
Warrington, and CHARLES SKINNER, of Warrington, Glass Manu-
facturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOULDED OR PRESSED SOLID GLASS
FRAMES FOR PLATEAUX, MIRRORS, AND PICTURES," to be as follows :—
It has been usual in the manufacture of glass frames for plateaux,
mirrors, and pictures, to make them in pieces and afterwards to cement
or rivet the meeting ends together, and this mode has been attended
with much inconvenience on account of the difficulties of moulding or
pressing the pieces in the required shapes to form an entire frame,
which has rendered the frames of a costly nature.
Now according to our Invention we make the mould or pressing
plates so that the frames are turned out whole and not in pieces, and
we insure the proper rotundity or curvature of the frames by allowing

page_text: them to remain in the mould until cold, or by re-heating and re-pressing
them afterwards.
Any amount of ornamentation can be given to the frames by making
the moulds accordingly, or by fitting pieces of glass of different colours
into parts of the moulds or pressing plates, which pieces adhere to
the molten glass when poured in, and before the pressure is applied.
By the use of our Invention frames can be made much cheaper, of
greater solidity, and more perfect in shape than by the ordinary method.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PISTON PACKINGS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Henderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th July 1871.
I, ALEXANDER HENDERSON, of Oshawa, Ontario, Canada, but at
present residing at Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PISTON PACKINGS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its objects simplicity in construction, efficiency
in use, and durability, and it consists in combining one or more metal
rings of uniform thickness to bear on the cylinder surface with an inner
ring of unequal thickness, and which acts as a spring to press the outer
rings outwards. The outer rings are, by preference, turned somewhat
larger than the cylinder, and are cut through obliquely. The inner
ring is turned larger than the inside of the outer rings, when these are
in their places, and its inside is turned out or bored eccentrically, so as
to give it a gradually varying thickness with the thickest and thinnest
parts diametrically opposite. The inner ring is cut through directly
across at its thinnest part, and the outer rings, when there are two, as is

page_text: preferred, are placed on it with their cuts by preference diametrically
opposite to each other, and each a quarter round from the cut of the
inner ring. When there are two outer rings they are cach of half the
breadth of the inner ring, and in other cases the breadth of the inner
ring is made equal to the sum of the breadth of the outer rings. When
there is only one outer ring a tongue piece (as is well understood) is to
be fitted across its cut. The rings are ground on their end surfaces
to fit accurately together and to fit between the junk ring and flange of
the piston. The rings are compressed to get them into their places, and
the elasticity of the inner ring keeps the outer ones in steam-tight
contact with the cylinder surface.
IMPROVED LAYSTALLS OR RECEPTACLES FOR REFUSE OF TOWNS AND OTHER PLACES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Williams at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
August 1871.
I, WILLIAM WILLIAMS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED LAYSTALLS OR RECEPTACLES FOR REFUSE OF TOWNS AND OTHER PLACES,"
to be as follows :—
The laystall or receptacle herein specified is of the following descrip-
tion-A pit or hole is sunk into the street or in any other suitable
place, and its sides built up with brickwork or made secure in some other
way. A box, which may be made of cast or wrought iron or any other
sufficiently strong material is made to fit the aforementioned pit or hole
in such a manner as not to interfere with its being raised or lowered at
pleasure. Underneath this box will be a cylinder, in which will work
by hydraulic or other power a ram, the top of which will be attached to
the bottom of the box, so that the rise and fall of the ram will cause the
rise and fall of the box. The box will be so constructed that its top
side will be a lid, which may he raised at any time for the reception
into the box of any refuse. That side of the box nearest to the roadway

page_text: will be made to work upon a hinge in such a manner that when let
down the side of the box itself will serve as a platform, from which the
material contained in the laystall can readily be shoveled up into a
cart.
Any power may be used for working the laystall, but I suggest that i
the pressure from the public water supply pipe may be made use of
for the purpose, as being in many instances the simplest and most
economical.
The principal advantages likely to accrue from the use of the laystall
are, 1st, economy; 2nd, cleanliness; 3rd, regularity of removal, and con-
sequently in a great measure the abolition of deleterious and disagreeable
smells in the more populous parts of large towns.
THE IMPROVEMENT IN FLATTENING WINDOW GLASS BY MEANS OF SUSPENSION
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Louis Stenger, of the Borough of Sunderland,
in the County of Durham, for the Invention of "THE IMPROVEMENT
IN FLATTENING WINDOW GLASS BY MEANS OF SUSPENSION.”
Sealed the 30th January 1872, and dated the 19th August 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Louis Stenger at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th August 1871.
I, LOUIS STENGER, of the Borough of Sunderland, in the County of
Durham, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE
IMPROVEMENT IN FLATTENING WINDOW GLASS BY MEANS OF SUSPENSION," to be as
follows:-
In an ordinary way window glass is blown in cylinders, and to flatten
them they are cut longitudinally and placed in a furnace or oven, and
when heated they are flattened by a piece of wood used by the hand,

page_text: resting the while on a table of glass. In this case when heated the
glass is taken up by means of a long pair of forceps held in the hand
of a person standing at the mouth of the kiln. While in the act of
suspension it flattens, and is held in a perpendicular position until
sufficiently cool to stand without bending. By this means it escapes 5
the inequalities of the table and wooden instrument used to flatten it.