nating on the manufacture of soap and Lubricants, as Mordants for Dyeing, and for Analogous Uses.
Year: 1886

page_text: nating on the manufacture of soap and Lubricants,
as Mordants for Dyeing, and for Analogous Uses.
:
I JAMES, YATE JOHNSON of 47 Lincoln's Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this Invention which has been com-
municated to me from abroad by Charles Leopold Baillard of Rouen in the
Republic of France textile manufacturer to be as follows:-
The employment of mineral oils for certain purposes has hitherto been found
impossible owing to their peculiar constitution or properties so that it has been
necessary to continue to use vegetable or animal oils notwithstanding their high
price as compared with mineral oils.
For example it is not possible to employ mineral oils in their ordinary con-
dition for oiling wool because it would be impossible to clean or scour the wool
afterwards nor for making soap because the said mineral oils do not combine with
alkalies nor on account of their fluidity can the said oils be conveniently used as a
lubricant for vehicles or other purposes.
According to this Invention mineral oils are oxidised in such a manner as to
convert them into a substance resembling ternary vegetable or mineral oils and
rendered soluble or capable of combining with alkalies, soda or potash, ammonia
and the like.
The mineral oils oxidised by this process may be employed for oiling wools and
in the manufacture of soap and as a lubricant.
The process of oxidation whereby the Invention put into effect is based on the
fact that oleic acid of distillation or saponification possesses in a high degree the
property of transferring to mineral oils a portion of its oxygen. In carrying out
this process the mineral oils mixed with oleic, acrylic or acroleic acid are heated to
the temperature of about 160 degrees Centigrade. Animal fats in the rancid state
act in the same way as oleic acid and the same effect is obtained with rancid olive
oils or cotton linseed or castor oil and the like. The proportions of oleic acrylic or
[Price 6d1

page_text: acroleic acid or rancid oils and fats vary from five to twenty five per cent of the
weight of the mineral oils treated they oxidise the latter in proportion to the
quantity introduced. It is advantageous to stir the materials well when introducing
the mixture into the heating vessel. The temperature of about 160 degrees
centigrade is the temperature which has afforded the best results in the majority
of cases but complete oxidation may be obtained with certain oils at about
140 degrees and even at lower temperatures oxidation thereby commenced con-
tinuing and becoming afterwards completed by the action of the oxygen of the air
alone. It will therefore be possible to oil fibres with oils treated as described even
below 140 degrees the oxidation continuing without heat during the operations of
spinning and weaving.
When the mineral oils treated as described are to be employed for lubrication it
suffices to combine them with soda or potash in such quantities as to obtain a
soft soap.
The treatment herein before described with reference to mineral oils is applicable
to resin oils which are oxidised by oleic acid or its equivalent in the same way as
heavy mineral oils. They are then saponifiable and may be employed in the
manufacture of soaps in variable proportions with vegetable oils and animal fats.
They may also be mixed with any proportion of oxidised mineral oils.
Mineral and resin oils oxidised as described become by the addition of from two
to ten per cent by weight of fixed vegetable oils such as cotton, castor, aroeli, olive,
sesame, colza, linseed or other like oils capable of being employed as mordants in
dyeing fabrics composed of vegetable fibres.
Oxidised in the same way by oleic acrylic or acroleic acid aractide colza and
other like oils when employed alone also acquire the same properties enabling them
to be used for mordanting vegetable fabrics for dyeing with turkey red and other
colours.
J. HENRY JOHNSON,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C. 30

page_text: in Treating wool, in the Manufacture of Soap and Lubricants,
as Mordants for Dyeing, and for Analogous Uses.
I JAMES YATE JOHNSON of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this Invention which Invention has
been communicated to me from abroad by Charles Leopold Baillard of Rouen in
the Republic of France Textile Manufacturer, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The employment of mineral or hydrocarbon oils in certain manufacturing
processes has hitherto been found impracticable owing to their peculiar con-
stitution or properties so that it has been necessary to continue to use vegetable
or animal oils notwithstanding their high price as compared with mineral oils.
This Invention consists in preparing or treating oils by means of an oxidising
process or processes as hereinafter described. Various agents may be employed for
effecting the oxidation of the oils. Oleic acid which has absorbed a certain
quantity of oxygen by exposure to the atmosphere for example may be employed
in carrying out this Invention. Acid or rancid vegetable oils or animal fats may
also be employed or the oil treated according to this Invention may be oxidised by
means of chlorine acting in combination with oxides of alkaline or earthy alkaline
metals as hereinafter explained.
By means of this Invention heavy hydro carbon or mineral oils represented by
the general formula Cn H 2 n + 2 for example can be oxidised in such a manner as
to convert them into a substance resembling ternary vegetable or animal oils and
are rendered soluble or capable of combining with alkalies-The mineral oils
oxidised as bereinafter described may be employed for oiling wools and in the
manufacture of soap and lubricants.
Oxyoleic acid resulting from distillation or saponification processes possesses in a
high degree the property of transferring to mineral oils a portion of oxygen and in
treating heavy mineral oils for example according to this Invention the oils are
mixed with oxyoleic acid and heated to the temperature of about 160 degrees
centigrade.
The oil is thereby oxidised and rendered capable of being employed in various
manufacturing processes which have hitherto necessitated the employment of
vegetable oils Animal fats in the rancid state act in the same way as the oxyoleic
acid and the same effect is obtained with rancid olive oils or cotton earth nut
linseed or castor oil and the like. The proportions of oxyoleic acid or rancid oils
aud fats generally vary according to the effect to be produced from about five to
thirty five per cent of the weight of the mineral oils treated' but this percentage
may be largely increased in certain cases the mineral oils being oxidised to a
•

page_text: proportionate extent-It is advantageous to stir the materials well when intro-
ducing the mixture into the heating vessel-The temperature of about 160 degrees
centigrade is the temperature which affords the best results in the majority of cases
but complete oxidation may be obtained with certain oils at about 140 degrees and
even at lower temperatures oxidation thereby commenced continuing and becoming
afterwards completed by the action of the oxygen of the air alone-It will
therefore be possible to oil fibres with oils treated as described even below
140 degrees the oxidation continuing without heat during the operation of
spinning and weaving.
The treatment herein before described with reference to mineral oils is applicable
to resin oils which are oxidised by oxyoleic acid or its equivalent in the same way
as heavy mineral oils-The resin oils are thereby rendered saponifiable and may be
employed in the manufacture of soaps in variable proportions with vegetable oils
and animal fats-They may also be mixed with any proportion of oxidised
mineral oils.
Heavy mineral oils and resin oils may also be oxidised by the action of chlorine
as hereinafter described-If from about five to ten per cent and upwards of oxides
of alkaline or earthy alkaline metals (soda potassa, lime, baryta, magnesia and the
like) be added to the heavy mineral or resin oils (mixed or not mixed with oxyoleic
acid or with other oils capable of forming a mixture therewith) and exposed to the
action of a current of chlorine obtained in the ordinary way for example by the
action of peroxide of manganese upon hydro chloric acid this chlorine being set at
liberty displaces the oxygen in the alkalies which then combines with the oils in
the mixture. On the other hand the chlorine displaces one molecule of hydrogen
in the oil in order to form therewith hydrochloric acid which is set free oxygen
then takes the place of this molecule of displaced hydrogen and the oil is thus
further oxidised and rendered saponifiable. The effect thus produced is not a
mixture but an oxidation by substitution one molecule of oxygen being substituted
for one molecule of hydrogen-Heavy mineral oils and resinous oils oxidised as
herein before described either by the action of oxyoleic acid or by the action of
chlorine may be employed in the place of vegetable or animal oils being used either
alone or in combination with alkalies when they are to be employed for lubricating
the axles of vehicles for example.
Mineral and resin oils oxidised as herein before described become by the addition
of from two to ten per cent by weight of fixed vegetable oils such as cotton
castor earth or ground nut olive sesame colza linseed or other like oils capable of
being employed as mordants in dyeing fabrics composed of vegetable fibres.
When subjected to the same process of oxidation ground nut colza and other
like oils when employed alone also acquire the same properties enabling them to
be used for mordanting vegetable fabrics for dyeing with turkey red and other
colours.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1
First. The improved preparation or treatment of heavy oils of petroleum and
resin or other like oils the said preparation or treatment consisting in subjecting
the said oils to an oxidising process whereby they are rendered capable of being
employed for certain manufacturing purposes for which they are not applicable in
their ordinary condition substantially as hereinbefore described.
Second. Oxidising mineral and resin oils by means of oxyoleic acid or by the
employment of rancid animal fats or rancid olive cotton earth nut linseed castor
and other like oils all substantially as hereinbefore described.
Third. Oxidising mineral and resin oils mixed or not with other oils and after
addition of a suitable quantity of oxides of alkaline or earthy alkaline metals by
means of chlorine gas substantially as hereinbefore described.

page_text: Fourth. Preparing and treating mineral and resin oils by subjecting them to an
oxidising process in such a manner as to enable them to be used for oiling wool or
in the manufacture of soaps or lubricants substantially as herein before described.
Fifth. Preparing and treating oils by means of an oxidising process as herein-
before setforth whereby the oils are rendered capable of acting as mordants in
dyeing operations substantially as hereinbefore described.