matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO SPUR WHEELS, RACKS, AND OTHER TOOTHED GEAR TO INSURE GREATER STRENGTH IN THE TEETH
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ellacott at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd January
1863.
I, JOHN ELLACOTT, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Surveyor,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
APPLICABLE TO SPUR WHEELS, RACKS, AND OTHER TOOTHED GEAR TO INSURE
GREATER STRENGTH IN THE TEETH," to be as follows (that is to say):-
This Invention has for its object the construction of spur wheels, toothed
racks, and other like toothed gear in such a form as to insure a greater
amount of strength in the teeth thereof than when constructed in the ordinary
manner, and consists in the use of two, three, or more combined teeth placed
side by side, and in advance of each other according to the pitch.
A portion of one side of (say) the first tooth is attached to or combined with
a portion of the side of the second tooth, and the side of the second tooth is
attached in like manner to the side of the third tooth, and so on to any number
of these united teeth that may be required. Each of these united teeth forms
one piece in itself, and consequently stands in an oblique line across the
periphery of the wheel or face of the rack.
The pinion or toothed gear that acts in combination with the wheel
or rack has its teeth formed in like manner to those described, and the
result is, that all the teeth work together with the smoothness of the

page_text: ordinary kind, and by each in turn acting in the oblique line across are
brought in succession into gear, and thereby admitting of their being made two,
three, or more times thicker than usual, and consequently greater strength is
insured.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Shorrock at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
January 1863.
I, WILLIAM SHORROCK, of Tock holes, near Blackburn, in the County of
Lancaster, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
My improvements in looms consist, first, in the novel and peculiar arrange-
ment of apparatus for applying and regulating the power or friction of the
break on the warp beam, whereby I am enabled to keep a constant pressure
upon such beam during the operation of weaving, but should there be any
imperfection in the weaving necessitating a reverse motion to the said warp
beam, such reversing is accomplished without any pressure upon the beam by
the said break.
My improved arrangement of mechanism may be described as follows:-
Upon one end of the warp beam is fixed a cylindrical bush supplied with a ratchet
wheel, such wheel being acted upon by a pawl or catch secured to a grooved
ring or hoop encircling the afore-mentioned bush, a strap of leather or other
suitable material being fitted into the groove of this ring, having the pressure
exerted upon it by means of a clip or break, and is so arranged that when
such clip is tightened it shall exert a pressure upon the warp beam through
the medium of the afore-mentioned pawl and ratchet wheel during the
operation of weaving, but should any reverse or backward motion be given to

page_text: the warp beam, the pawl or catch slips over the teeth of the ratchet, thereby
allowing the bush encircling the warp beam to revolve freely within the
grooved ring without any pressure, the only pressure upon the warp beam
being effected by the contact or resistance of the pawl or catch against the
ratchet wheel. Upon the adjustable pressure clip is a small bowl acted upon
by a spring in such a manner that it shall always cause an even tension to be
given to the warp.
A second part of my improvement consists in the employment and use of
bowls or pulleys secured below the healds and above the treddles to which the
healds and treddles are attached by means of straps; such straps, when the
treddles are in motion, partially wrap or fold upon the afore-mentioned pulleys,
so causing by their connection with the healds a constant rise and fall or
shedding to such healds. These bowls or pulleys act as intermediato carriers
between the treddles and the healds, lessening the strain or weight upon the
healds, thereby causing such healds to be more durable and lasting, also easier
in their action upon the warps.
AN IMPROVED RULING AND PRINTING MACHINE, TO BE USED EITHER COMBINED OR SEPARATELY
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edme Henry Létang at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
June 1863.
I, EDME HENRY LETANG, of 12, Ruc du Chemin de Reuilly, Paris, in the
Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED RULING AND PRINTING MACHINE, TO BE USED EITHER COMBINED
OR SEPARATELY," to be as follows:-
This machine is applicable chiefly to cylinder printing machines with a
circular movement, and is composed as follows:-
1st, a shaft provided with a series of rundles and circular spaces of brass
and type metal cast on the points, and having a hole in the centre so as to
allow the introduction of the shaft on which they are placed, and also the
proper dimension to be given to the ruling or lines.
2nd, an inking apparatus composed of several rollers or cylinders of gelatine
and iron, with an alternate circular motion on an arbor with double cross furrows
or threads, said rollers being inked by means of a semicircular reservoir
pressing the last cylinder by means of a regulating screw.
Said inking appa-
ratus may be applied to all machines with an engraved relief or sunk cylinder
for printing either fabrics, paper hangings, fancy paper, paper sheets, and.
envelope paper.
The printing of these lines or drawings is produced by the alternate or
continuous touch or descent of the above cylinders on the sheets of paper
previous to their being knocked off.
IMPROVE- MENTS APPLICABLE TO MARINERS' COMPASSES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Laird M Lay at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th April
1868.
I, JOHN LAIRD MCLAY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Master
Mariner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS APPLICABLE TO MARINERS' COMPASSES," to be as follows (that is to say):-
The object of this Invention is to render the mariner's compass independent
of local attraction generally when placed on board an iron ship, or in any
other situation where the ordinary compass would be acted upon by local
influences, and consists in surrounding the compass with a ring or zone of
brass or other suitable material, to which is attached a number of curved
magnets placed at equal distances from each other, with their poles pointing
outwards. These magnets may bo placed either in a vertical or horizontal
position, but it is preferred in most cases to place them vertically; but in all
cases the poles aro reversed or placed alternately; and in some cases it is
preferred to connect the magnets by a wire or conductor, and it may be found
desirable to exhaust the air from the compass bowl. The needle is placed so
as to be in the plane of the centre of the length or bredth of the curved
magnets which move with the compass bowl.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING BY MEANS OF ILLUMINATING GAS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
September 1863.-A communication from abroad by Paulin Amédé
Charpentier, of the Rue du Faubourg St. Martin, Paris, France..
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11; Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR HEATING BY MEANS OF ILLUMINATING GAS," a communication to me from
abroad by Paulin Amédé Charpentier, of the Rue du Faubourg St Martin,
Paris, France, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide a means of using at pleasure any
gas light as a heating apparatus when, from want of space or any other
reason, an ordinary gas stove cannot be used. For this purpose a chimney of
opaque glass, metal, porcelain, fire-clay, or other suitable material is used to
conduct and at the same time intercept the light. This chimney lodges in
the usual metal rim of the burner like an ordinary glass chimney, but in lieu
of the ordinary shade bell, one made of fire-clay, metal, or other analagous
material, without opening at the top, is used, its mission being to concentrate
and spread the heat. The dimension of this shade, bell, or cowl will be
regulated according to the locality in which the apparatus is used. (The
ordinary smoke plate or bell is not dispensed with, but is suspended within
the fire-clay shade over the chimney.) This arrangement may be applied to
every description of gas light, as the shade or cowl and the opaque chimney
may be made of any form.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CONVEYING GOODS, EITHER IN BULK OR OTHERWISE, WHETHER TO OR FROM THE WAREHOUSE OR VESSEL, HAVING AN INCLINED, VERTICAL, OR HORIZONTAL MOVEMENT, TO BE WORKED EITHER BY PRESSURE OF AIR OR BY VACUUM AND ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Warwick Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st June 1863.
I, FREDERICK WARWICK SMITH, of 180, Upper Thames Street, in the City
of London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CONVEYING GOODS, EITHER IN BULK OR OTHERWISE,
WHETHER TO OR FROM THE WAREHOUSE OR VESSEL, HAVING AN INCLINED, VERTICAL,
OR HORIZONTAL MOVEMENT, TO BE WORKED EITHER BY PRESSURE OF AIR OR BY
VACUUM AND ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate principally to the removal of goods, such as grain,
beans, peas, seeds, flour, leaves, or any materials in small particles, by means
of a tubular apparatus running from any floor of a warehouse to another.
This I accomplish in one way by means of a tube having a vacuum formed at
one end, and allowing the material to be transported by means of the pressure
of the atmosphere at the other end of the tube, or by pressure produced by
mechanical means without a vacuum. The air is let in from a reservoir under
any pressure necessary to accomplish the object intended, which may be let
on and off by a suitable valve or valves, or let in direct from the air pump, so
as to press on the materials. I also claim the method of elevating grain or
any other materials as before described, by immersing the said tube into the
materials, and forming a vacuum above it, so that the pressure of the
atmosphere may elevate or convey the materials either in an inclined, vertical,
or horizontal direction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLIPPING OR BINDING TOGETHER LETTERS, MUSIC, AND OTHER LOOSE SHEETS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Edward Wright at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
November 1863.
I, CHARLES EDWARD WRIGHT, of Colville Terrace, Sherwood Street, in
the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham, Mercantile Traveller,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR CLIPPING OR BINDING TOGETHER LETTERS, MUSIC, AND OTHER LOOSE
SHEETS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the combination and employment of three
parallel bars for holding letters, papers, and other loose sheets, two of such
bars being connected and stretched at a distance from each other by two or
more wire stretchers. I place these, by preference, at the ends of the bars,
and further apart than the length of the papers to be held, the third parallel
bar is disposed in the same plane and between the other two, and fitted to
slide on the wire stretchers alternately towards the one bar or the other. In
one of the fixed bars I fix sharpened pins extending towards the opposite
fixed bar, but of less length than their distance apart by rather more than
the substance of the sliding bar. To fix loose sheets I draw. back the sliding
bar from off the pointed pins, I then interpose the edge of the paper to be
secured between it and the pointed pins, and force it on them by moving the
sliding bar towards the opposite fixed bar. En. this- way a number of loose
sheets may be secured and the number augmented until the holder is filled,
when the sliding bar may be wedged up or otherwise fixed to prevent it sliding
back and the papers getting off. The sliding bar. should move with sufficient

page_text: stiffness on the stretchers to keep its position and bold the papers on without
any fixing. This holder may be used alone as described, or placed and fixed
permanently inside a suitable covering of stiff or soft material to protect the
papers so held. The covers and papers may be made to roll up, or the cover
may be crimped or doubled or double up and spread out when required. I
make these holders, by preference, of deal and iron wire, or other suitable
cheap materials, so that the whole may be made at a cheap rate, and used as the
permanent holder or binding of the loose sheets, letters, and papers and others.
Instead of the stretchers between the. fixed bars being at the ends they may
be distributed throughout the length and form a sort of back against which
the edges of the papers are placed while being fixed on the pins. For con-
venience of moving the middle bar by hand I make it somewhat larger than
the fixed bars and dispose it so as to project at one end.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Juckes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th June
1863.
I, JOHN JUCKES, junior, of No. 1, Armaught Road, Roman Road, Old
Ford, Bow, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES," to be as follows:-
For these
This Invention has for its object "Improvements in Furnaces."
purposes in constructing a furnace a series of parallel axes are employed, which
at their ends turn in suitable bearings, and when in use they are all caused to
rotate slowly in the same direction. It is preferred that the parts of these axes
which are intermediate of the bearings in which they are supported and turned
should be of a square section. On these axes discs are placed side by side,
and the discs on the succeeding axes are either arranged to come with their
peripheries in the same lines from front to back of the furnace, or the discs
on one axis are arranged in the lines of the spaces between the discs on the
next axis. In the angular spaces between the discs of one axis and the discs
on the next axis short bars are applied, which in some cases may be arranged
to have a rocking or up and down motion communicated to them in order to
assist moving the fuel and in clearing the air spaces between them, and also
between the discs. By thus arranging a series of discs with intermediate

page_text: bearing bars in the angular spaces between them and the fuel in the furnace,
and by giving a continuous rotary motion to all the discs, so that the upper
parts of their peripheries move in a direction from front to back of the furnace,
the fuel will be constantly moved from the front end of the furnace to the back
end thereof.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CALENDERING MACHINES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Spence at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th December
1863. A communication from abroad by Jules Auguste Lequeux
Muston, of No. 21, Rue Lemire, Rouen, in the Empire of France, Coal
Merchant.
I, WILLIAM SPENCE, of 50, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CALENDERING MACHINES," (being a communication to me from abroad
by Jules Auguste Lequeux Muston, of No. 21, Rue Lemire, Rouen, in the
Empire of France, Coal Merchant,) to be as follows:-
Whereas in ordinary calendering machines the requisite pressure on the
calendering rollers is obtained by the direct application thereto of heavy
weights, now this Invention consists in applying the said requisite pressure
to the rollers through the intervention of balanced levers acting on the
principle of the steelyard, thereby diminishing the quantity of weight required
to be employed, and economising the expenditure of mechanical
power. For
this purpose the rollers, with the material on them requiring to be calendered,
are inserted in the spaces between an upper and lower stationary table and a
central travelling table, and the pressure is applied to the upper table by means
of weights resting on balanced levers acting on the principle of the steelyard.
The calendering rollers are worked along as required between the tables by the
corresponding movement of the travelling table. Two of the tables rest or are

page_text: suspended on the rollers and on pivots, by which means they are caused to tilt
in order to admit of the withdrawal of the rollers when required.
By means of the foregoing arrangement and combination of balanced levers
with the tables, the machinery is set in motion by overcoming the friction due
to the pressure of the levers on the rollers.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHANDELIERS, LAMPS, AND OTHER APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN DISTRIBUTING LIGHT
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Rennie at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st October
1863.
I, JAMES RENNIE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHANDELIERS, LAMPS, AND OTHER APPARATUS
EMPLOYED IN DISTRIBUTING LIGHT," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to producing various ornamental effects to
chandeliers, lamps, and other apparatus employed in distributing light. To this
end I form some of the parts of such articles, particularly the bodies, canopies,
or ceiling plates, vases, medallions, and weights, of iron, coated or prepared by
enamelling, japanning, or painting to represent ivory, woods, marbles, and
other natural or artificial productions, in place of forming such parts of more
costly metal, glass, or porcelain, by which ornamental effect with economy of
production is obtained. The iron to be introduced is first cast or stamped to
the form desired, then enamelled, japanned, or painted to the pattern desired,
and then secured to the other parts by checking or fitting into rims of brass
or other softer metal, or by screwing or rivetting to the other connections.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROBES, CATHETERS, AND SIMILAR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Henry at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th April
1863. A communication from abroad by Bernard Saurel, of 33, Boule-
vard Saint Martin, Paris, France.
I, MICHAEL HENRY, of 84, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PROBES, CATHETERS, AND SIMILAR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS," communicated to
me from abroad by Bernard Saurel, of 33, Boulevard Saint Martin, Paris,
France, to be as follows:-
According to this Invention it is proposed to manufacture probes, catheters,
and similar instruments of vulcanized caoutchouc instead of the materials
usually employed. Also according to the Invention, probes, catheters, and like
instruments may be constructed in such manner that they may penetrate to the
part required without the aid of a mandril or other rigid instrument, and yet
be sufficiently flexible to pass suitably through the person. For this purpose
the instrument may be made sufficiently flexible in the body, but terminate in
a stiffer and tapering or more slender end at the entering extremity. An
improved catheter or instrument may be constructed of a piece of vulcanized
caoutchouc or like substance made tubular or with a passage in it, such piece
being of considerable thickness of material, or with thick sides, comparatively
to the bore of the passage, and terminating at the end to be introduced into
the person in a solid portion, which may be tapering, conical, or thinner
towards the extremity.

page_text: According to this Invention, the outer end or mouth of catheters or similar
instruments may be of a conical or bell-mouth form, and fitted with a vul-
canized caoutchouc or other elastic stopper, attached to the instrument by a
cord or like connection to keep it from being lost. The instrument may be
prevented from entering too far into the person by attaching to it a sheath or
stall, which is fitted on the penis or other part, and kept there by lacing or
otherwise. This sheath or stall may be a piece of vulcanized india-rubber
bent into a nearly tubular shape, and having its longitudinal edges connected
by lacing.
AN IMPROVED PNEUMATIC APPARATUS FOR FILLING BARRELS USED FOR WATERING ROADS AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Edouard Desestre at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th December 1863.
I, LOUIS EDOUARD DESESTRE, of No. 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris,
Mechanician, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED PNEUMATIC APPARATUS FOR FILLING BARRELS USED FOR WATERING
ROADS AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My improvements consist in adapting a pneumatic pump to fill up barrels
used for watering. The pump is placed at the back of the top of the barrel
and is composed of a cylinder set on a plate having a hole covered by a valve
opening inside and outside of the barrel. A wood piston having the form of
a disc is covered with zinc on both faces, and close to its rod an opening is
made and is shut by a valve similar to the first a lid placed on the top of the
pump is provided with small holes for the egress of the air sucked out from
the barrel. The pump is set in motion by a balance lever extending to the
seat of the driver of the carriage on which the barrel is secured. If the driver
bears down on the lever the piston ascends and the air sucked out from the
barrel raises the valve of the barrel, at the same time the other valve near the
piston rod is shut and causes the air to fill up the body of the cylinder, when
the driver raises the lever the piston is lowered, the first valve is shut by its
own weight, and the air contained in the cylinder opens the valve near the
piston rod egressing through the holes of the lid. The continuation of these
movements exhausts the air from the barrel, neutralising thereby the equilibrium

page_text: of the atmospheric pressure. The water from the alimentation, being pressed
on the whole of its surface, rises through a moveable conduit, having one of
its ends set on the top of the barrel and the other extremity plunged into the
water and fills up the barrel at the same time the air is expelled from it. The
lower extremity of the barrel opposite the front part is provided with a tap
serving for the egress of the water if the barrel is only used to carry liquids
and not to water the ground. Under the body of the tap is set a curved disc
covered with leather or caoutchouc; the driver causes it to approach or recede
from the tap by means of a lever extending from the disc up to the seat of
the carriage. The disc is provided with a bridle rendered moveable by a
helical spring, when the driver bears on the lever the disc separates from the
stem of the tap and the, water rushing on the disc falls in the shape of a bell
and waters the ground in a perfectly divided state.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Henson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st June
1868.
I, JAMES HENSON, of Parliament Street, Westminster, Civil Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
I make the skeleton frame of the carriage of light trellis or latticework
iron, lining the inside with wood, kamptulicon, or other suitable material, and
the outside with leather, gutta percha, or other yielding material. I make
the ends of each carriage round, and divide it into two or more compartments,
with a passage in the centre transversely or longitudinally, the compartments
being divided by sliding doors to allow communication from one compartment
to another. I make the seats with spiral springs placed upon india-rubber
instead of webbing, as heretofore, and cover them with any suitable material
and curve the backs of the seats, and for sun blinds I use green glass slides.
I arrange the interior of each compartment with a table, the top of which
may be plate glass to serve as a mirror, and also footstools, umbrella stands,
hat pegs, ventilators, to shew as mouldings and other requisite conveniences.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LESSENING THE FRICTION OF THE RUBBING SURFACES OF THE SLIDE VALVES OF ENGINES AND OF THE JOURNALS OF SHAFTS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Louis Winans and Thomas
Winans, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 23rd June 1868.
We, WILLIAM LOUIS WINANS, of Dover Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, and THOMAS WINANS of Baltimore, in the United States of
America, but now residing at Dover Street aforesaid, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LESSENING THE
FRICTION OF THE RUBBING SURFACES OF THE SLIDE VALVES OF ENGINES AND OF THE
JOURNALS OF SHAFTS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention of "Improvements in Lessening the Friction of
the Rubbing Surfaces of the Slide Valves of Engines," is effected by making a
recess or recesses at any convenient part of the under or rubbing surface of
the valve; and applying a pressure by means of steam, air, or oil, water, or
other liquid between the valve and valve face. By regulating this pressure
the back pressure on the valve may be counteracted, and the friction of the
rubbing surfaces will be thereby greatly lessened. Care must, however, be
taken that the valve be not raised from its seat by the pressure applied to the
recesses in its face, otherwise the steam or liquid employed for the purpose
will escape.
In adapting the Invention to relieve the friction of the rubbing surfaces of
the journals of shafts of machinery in general, recesses are made in the under
bearings, and a suitable pressure, depending upon the weight or size of the
shaft, is applied by means of steam or compressed air, or by the hydraulic

page_text: pressure of oil, water, or other suitable liquid, which may be forced in by a
pump through a hole in the bearing. By this means a very considerable
portion of the weight of the shaft may be taken off of that portion of the
bearing which is in contact with the journal, and the friction of the parts
thereby, greatly lessened. As a portion of the bearing surface will be cut
away by making the recesses therein, the bearing should be increased in a
proportionate degree. It will also be found advantageous to let the bearing
in the block bear in the centre only in such a manner that it will accom-
modate itself with facility to the motion of the shaft, so that any undue wear
and tear or unequal pressure, or tendency to displacement of parts, or leakage
from the recess in the bearing will be prevented. In some cases we employ
an auxiliary bearing of the kind just described in combination with the
ordinary bearings in order to take some of the pressure off the latter. A
stuffing box may be adapted to the outer edge of the auxiliary bearing for
the purpose of preventing the escape of the steam, or the oil, or water.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING ANIMAL, VEGETABLE, AND MINERAL SUBSTANCES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Stevenson Macdonald at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th April 1863.
J, WILLIAM STEVENSON MACDONALD, of the City of Manchester, Practical
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING ANIMAL, VEGETABLE, AND MINERAL SUBSTANCES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in drying silk, wool, cotton, hemp, flax, jute, grass,
fibre, or leaf, whether in the raw or manufactured state, and minerals or their
products, either raw or manufactured, by means of one or more revolving,
endless, or continuous aprons or lappings, between which the substances to be
dried are placed, and along with which they pass round a stationary or re-
volving cylinder or cylinders heated with steam or otherwise, or over heated
steam chests, which endless or continuous aprons or lappings may be made of
any material suitable for the quality and condition of the substances to be
dried. The aprons or lappings pass over guiding rollers, which if necessary
may be kept to the proper breadth by pitch chains and tenter_teeth or hooks,
or any other equivalent methods to keep the said endless or continuous aprons
or lappings distended. The number and size of heated cylinders which may
be requisite will depend on the work required, and the endless or continuous
lappings or aprons may pass round the whole or only a part of the heated
cylinder or cylinders, and one or more of the set may be supplied with cold
water instead of steam, or a fan or fans may be applied, the utility or 1.eces-

page_text: sity of which will depend on the nature of the substances passing through the
drying machine, and the condition in which the substances when dried may be
required.
In some cases the fabrics or other substances to be dried may be placed
between two lengths of calico or other fabric and wound on a roller, from
which they are carried over a heated chest and wound on another roller or
rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-SHOES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Green at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd December 1863.
I, JOHN GREEN, of Greenwich, in the County of Kent, Veterinary Surgeon,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HORSE-SHOES," to be as follows:-
Hitherto in constructing horse-shoes they have been made with the inner
surface thereof, or that part which comes in contact with the horse's hoof,
concave or "seated," and the horse's sole has been so cut or shaped as only to
bear upon the outer shell or wall of the foot.
Now my Invention consists in forming horse-shoes in such manner that the
inner surface of the shoe, or that part which comes in contact with the horse's
hoof, is perfectly flat, and the wall of the hoof is left of the same width as the
shoe in order to give a solid bearing thereto. I form the shoe of iron, of
such a section as to give the inner circle of the shoe a rounded form,
thus
whereby the legs and feet of the horse are not so liable to be cut
or injured as by the ordinary form of shoe. The inner surface of the shoe
being a trifle broader than that part which comes in contact with the ground,
it is evident that the shoe may be worn extremely thin and yet not come off.
By the use of this shoe the nåtural form of the horse's foot is preserved, and
the hoof is not liable to injury. For horses with tender, contracted, brittle,
shelly," or diseased feet, this form of shoe will be found invaluable, as by
the use thereof the sole, frog, and heels of the horse's feet are never removed,
but left in a perfectly natural state.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHOVELS AND SPADES, AND FOR RAISING AND SHAPING METALS FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Yates at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th January
1863.
I, HENRY YATES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Edge
Tool Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHOVELS AND
SPADES, AND FOR RAISING AND SHAPING METALS FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
My said Invention consists of the improvements, herein-after described, in
machinery used in the manufacture of shovels and spades, and for raising
and shaping metals for other purposes; which improved machinery is intended
to supersede the ordinary hand or power stamp.
The said machinery consists essentially of a pair of dies having the figure
of the shovel or spade, or other article to be shaped. I make the upper die
of the said pair turn upon a joint on an upright connected to the lower die, the
said upper die being capable of being raised from the lower die to the required
distance by turning on the said joint. That end of the upper die furthest
from the joint has a handle or rod connected to it, by means of which handle
or rod the upper die can be raised from or brought down upon the lower die.
To facilitate the raising of the upper die I connect a balance weight to it near
the joint, the said balance weight enabling the workman to raise the upper die
with little difficulty. The said balance weight also assists in giving the

page_text: required momentum to the upper die when it is brought down upon the lower
ono by the workman.
In using the machinery for the manufacture of the blades and sockets or
langets of shovels or spades, I give the dies the shape proper to fashion the said
blades and sockets or langets. I heat the blank to a red heat and place it on
the lower die. The upper die is brought down the required number of times
upon the said blank, and the said blank is made to take the figure of the said
dies. Instead of binging the dies together, the said dies may be attached to
plates hinged together.
My Invention is especially applicable to the manufacture of shovels and
spades, but may also be used for manufacturing other articles, and for raising
. or shaping sheet metal for various purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAIDING MACHINES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Furnival at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
November 1863.
I, RICHARD FURNIVAL, of the Firm of Furnival and Morris, of the City of
Manchester and County of Lancaster, Machinist, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAIDING MACHINES," to
be as follows:
My Invention has for its object the arranging of braiding machines, so that
the same machine may be readily adapted or altered, so as to make either
one broad or several narrow pieces of braid; and my Invention consists in
taking an ordinary machine, generally such as are used for broad fabrics, and
have a large number of spindles which travel to and fro in one large circle,
and in dividing these spindles for narrow fabrics by making them travel to
and fro in segments of the same large circle, arranging separate deliveries for
each piece of braid if required. I accomplish this by taking one "rose"
wheel from between each set of spindles, and by introducing a "rose" wheel
at each end or return of each set of spindles, with an odd notch in it, that is,
if the intermediate "rose" wheels have four notches, I introduce a "rose
wheel with three or five notches at the end of each set of spindles. I also
add the proper stationary governors and conductors.
"
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF TREATING SHEETING AND PLATES OF IRON TO BE USED IN SHIP-BUILDING AND MARINE CONSTRUCTIONS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST MARINE ANIMALS AND MARINE PLANTS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolf Ellissen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th February
1863.
I, ADOLF ELLISSEN, of Warwick Road, Maida Vale, in the County of
Middlesex, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for AN IMPROVED METHOD OF TREATING SHEETING AND PLATES OF IRON TO BE
USED IN SHIP-BUILDING AND MARINE CONSTRUCTIONS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST MARINE
ANIMALS AND MARINE PLANTS," to be as follows:-
I treat iron sheeting or plate with cyanide of potassium or potash, or other
material of equivalent effect for the purposes of this Invention, so rendering
the same useful for ship-building purposes and marine constructions by pro-
tection thereof against marine animals and marine plants.
The following is an illustrative instance of how I should proceed to carry
this Invention into, effect:-I should take sheet or plate iron, and having
heated the same (the holes for fixing thereof being previously punched), I
should dip the same in a solution of cyanide of potassium or other equivalent
material which will be poisonous to marine animals and marine plants, or
prevent them from adhering to ships or marine constructions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FOUNTAINS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michel Siegrist at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th June
1863.
I, MICHEL SIEGRIST, of Ewell, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare
the nature of the said. Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
FOUNTAINS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain improvements in the construction of foun-
tains whereby a permanent jet of water is caused to flow, and the method is
based on the following principles:-In communicating vessels or chambers the
level of the water is at the same height, but if in one of the tubes there is placed
a cylinder of lead or other metal forming a piston or plunger, which is eleven
times heavier than water, the level of the water in the adjacent tubes will be
elevated to ten times the height of the metallic cylinder. I form a basin about
two feet long and one foot wide; in the middle of this basin there is a tube
about four inches in diameter, the basin communicates with the lower part of the
tube by means of two pipes about one inch in diameter, at the top of which two
valves are fixed, opening downwards or interiorly. In the interior of the large
tube there is placed a piston of lead or other metal, not fitting closely to the
tube, and attached to the bottom and top of the piston there is a flexible tube
of waterproof fabric, nearly of the length of the large tube, so that it may rise
and fall in the tube with the piston; this fabric is firmly fixed to the lower
part of the tube just above the junction of the two exterior small tubes, and
also to the upper part of the tube. The piston is suspended to a chain or a

page_text: leather band, which passes over a pulley and is fixed upon a wheel of about
five inches in diameter, and which is concealed from view by a metal casing
above the basin. One of the small tubes communicates with a cock at the
top of the fountain by means of a small pipe furnished with a valve opening
outwardly. To fill the jet of water the box is to be lowered nearly to the
bottom of the central tube; the basin is to be filled with water, which will
run into the tubes by means of small apertures cut in the upper part of the
central tube; the weight of the water will open the valves and fill the small
tubes ; then, by means of a winch handle, the wheel to which the chain is
attached is to be turned, whereby the piston will be elevated and the water
will rise in the central tube and follow the piston; the handle may then be
removed, and the weight of the piston gradually descending will force the water
in a jet from the pipe at the summit of the fountain; this jet will last a few
hours according to the bore of the outlet pipe and the dimensions of the foun-
tain generally, which may be enlarged to any desired limits beyond those I
have described; when the jet has ceased, the piston must be again drawn up
by the winch.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE QUANTITY OF GAS SUPPLIED TO SINGLE BURNERS, AND INCREASING ITS ILLUMINATING POWER
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Kidd at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th January
1863.
I, JOSHUA KIDD, of Cannon Row, in the City of Westminster, County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE QUANTITY OF GAS SUPPLIED
TO SINGLE BURNERS, AND INCREASING ITS ILLUMINATING POWER," to be as
follows:-
The principal object of this Invention is to determine the correct amount of
gas consumed by public or private lights in a given space of time where a gas
meter or registering apparatus is not in use, and the Invention is carried out
as follows:-Between the nib or burner and the gas regulator I make an
adjustable aperture or hole for the passage of a certain quantity of gas; this
hole is so arranged that it cannot be tampered with by the consumer when
the apparatus is in operation, so that the gas passing through this hole at a
regular pressure no variation can occur in the quantity of gas passed through
the apparatus in a given space of time. It is necessary in adapting regulators in
connection with my adjusted aperture for measuring gas that this regulator
should be so arranged as to give out the gas at a very low pressure, say from
three to five-tenths; by this means the regulator is always in action even when
the pressure is reduced to the lowest point. The gas being consumed at this low
pressure must necessarily pass through a nib or burner with a large opening,

page_text: so as not to cause a check of pressure between the adjusted hole or aperture,
and the burner.
The regulator for the purpose of this Invention is formed with a valve and
disc, balanced or floated by the pressure of gas; the valve suspended to the
centre of the disc opens and closes an aperture for the passage of the gas as
the pressure varies; the disc may be made to float in mercury, or it may be
composed of leather or other suitable substance. Any burner having a larger
aperture than the hole. of the measuring aperture may be used, but I prefer
using a new description of burner, having a round or other shaped aperture,
from which the gas issues in one body, with a piece of metal or other suitable
substance placed over the hole to spread the flame, and on which the gas
impinges after its exit from the hole of the burner.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOUNTINGS OR SETTINGS FOR PRECIOUS OR OTHER STONES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Theodor Nicholaus Goll
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th June 1863.
I, ALEXANDER THEODOR NICHOLAUS GOLL, of Caledonian Road, in the
County of Middlesex, Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of the "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOUNTINGS OR SETTINGS FOR PRECIOUS OR OTHER
STONES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
mountings or settings for precious and other stones, and consists in substituting
mechanical means for the production of what is known in the jewellery tradè
as " thread and grain" mountings or settings, in place of making such "thread
and grain" mountings or settings by skilled hand labour as heretofore.
Settings of this character have up to the present time been made by the
workman, who cuts and works out the openings in the metal by hand with
scoopers" or graving tools, which is a tedious and costly process. Now my
improvements consist in pressing or stamping metal "thread and grain
mounting or settings" in suitable dies, so as shape or form the, same suitably
for receiving the stones to be set therein, leaving "grains" or projections
around the openings, which "grains" are afterwards employed for retaining
the stones when set therein. The openings may in some cases be formed by
the dies themselves, but in others, it may be desirable to pierce or cut out
such openings after shaping them in the dies. The dies employed. for this
purpose are suitably formed for imparting a grained threaded ornamental
character to the settings produced, therein.

page_text: The form and character of the dies employed for carrying out my Invention
may be greatly varied to suit the particular form of "thread and grain" setting
required, and such settings may afterwards be finished by hand in any manner
desired. By manufacturing "thread and grain" settings according to my
Invention I am enabled to produce such settings at much less cost than here-
tofore, as they can in this manner be readily. formed with thin gold fronts,
giving to the articles all the richness in appearance of solid gold settings; greater
beauty and security may also be imparted by this means to stones set in
thread & grain" mounting or settings of this character.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY AND OTHER BRIDGES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Thornton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th December
1863.
I, ROBERT THORNTON, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian, North
5 Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY AND OTHER BRIDGES," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of railway and
other bridges of great span by a combination of most or all the principles of
bridge building at present in use.
In carrying out the first part of this Invention one or more cables of iron
wire are used for each girder, passing along the upper edge of the bridge, and
attached to it by suitable appliances. This cable is continued over the top of
the piers of the bridge, and attached to both sides of the river or space to be
bridged by means of anchors or other suitable fixing apparatus, and in passing
over these piers is secured to another apparatus to allow for its expansion and
contraction. The bridge may also be constructed of two or more box girders,
as circumstances may require.
In carrying out the second part of this Invention the pendant lever prin-
ciple is adopted, and in this case the tubular and lattice girder principles are
combined in the manner now to be described. From the pier ends of the
levers and for distances of two-thirds towards the centre of the span tubular
girders are used, the remaining distance at the centre is completed by a
lattice or bow-string girder; if the latter, it is extended from about a quarter

page_text: of the entire distance from each pier, also imparting to it the form of an
elliptical curve, secured to the main girder by vertical framework. There are
also fixed transversely web girders, with diagonal stays, thereby imparting to
the whole structure lateral stability.
The roadway is covered with timber laid diagonally, and secured to the
transverse girders by bolts; and, in the case of a railway, a second layer of
timber is applied longitudinally, to which the rails are fixed.
These improvements are not confined to their employment in connection
with railway and other bridges of great span merely, they are equally appli-
cable to and suitable for bridges of other kinds.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH BATTENS FOR DRIVING SHUTTLES FROM SIDE TO SIDE OF THEIR WORK IN WEAV
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thomas Cooke at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th July 1868.
I, JOHN THOMAS COOKE, of Leicester, Batten Maker, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH
BATTENS FOR DRIVING SHUTTLES FROM SIDE TO SIDE OF THEIR WORK IN WEAVING,
to be as follows :—
My improvements consist in means of driving the shuttles from side to side
of their work by the motion of the batten, as hereafter explained. On a slide
bar on the batten to which the driving planks are attached I fix an axle, on
which a small roller or truck is fitted. On a framing independent of and
under the batten I fix a template or grooved guide with a double incline.
The roller fixed on the slide bar works in the groove, when the batten is
forward the roller is at one end of the groove, and to obtain the motion the
batten is moved backward when the roller moves along the groove in one of
the inclines, and carries the shuttles with it to the centre, over which it is
passed by a lever, so that as the batten moves forward it runs along the
groove in the other incline, and so on continuously.