Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 7th May, 1898
AZU
1000
I, RICHARD SCHULZ, of 2, Flensburgerstrasse, Berlin, in the Empire of Germany,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows; -
:
i
-
Ships' engines generally only require economy in steam consumption when
moving ahead, whilst for backing less economy is afforded in steam consumption
precisely because the engine whilst manoeuvring mostly works very irregularly,
whilst the working of the boilers cannot be regulated to correspond and the boiler
therefore usually develops more steam than necessary, which then must be
carried into the open air or into the condenser in order not to be lost.
This drawback is removed by the compound ships' steam turbine which forms
the object of the present invention. This turbine is arranged for high expansion
and forward and backward moving and is characterised by a larger number of
turbine rings which are so arranged relative to the necessary guide scoop rings
which are firmly connected with the casing, that an excess of steam may be carried
off in the simplest manner by means of the steam turbine itself, the majority of
the turbine rings serving for as economic a forward movement as possible, and
only some or a few of the turbine rings for a less economic, but as energetic as
possible, backward movement.
The
The turbine ring lying next the main shaft has the smallest diameter.
turbine ring furthest removed from the shaft and belonging to the turbine body
for forward movement has the largest diameter. Between both rings there are
a number of rings concentric with them. The rotating turbine body is keyed fast
on the shaft. There is another turbine body for backward movement. The shaft
projects from the casing at the ends and the joints are made tight by means of
stuffing boxes. The steam is conveyed in the ordinary manner before entering
each turbine ring of the rotating body through a ring rigidly connected with the
casing and having suitably shaped guide passages through which the steam before
entering the turbine rings is delivered to the paddles or vanes of the rings in
the most effective direction.
The pipes in which a three way reversing cock is inserted serve respectively
for the forward and backward movement. In all the foregoing examples the
steam supply for the forward movement takes place by means of the three way
cock and one of the pipes through a nozzle into the turbine ring of smallest
diameter. The last turbine ring in which the steam enters for forward movement
is the largest. The steam in its course through the turbine wheel traverses always
larger rings, that is to say rings or sets which increase successively in diameter
and if desired also in height and width, and the steam finally escapes from the
largest set of turbines to the condenser or into the open air. The guide vanes
of the casing and, the guide passages of the rings of the turbine wheel may be of
any suitable form. This is determined by the pressure of steam available and
the number of revolutions of the shaft which are desired or are possible.
The lower the number of revolutions, the greater must be the number of turbine

page_text: sets or rings always successively increasing in volume if the steam is to be utilised
as economically as possible to the fullest extent of its expansion power.
The present examples fulfil this object very especially.
If necessary several such apparatuses may be arranged on one or more shafts
to work in conjunction in order to obtain if desired the necessarily large number
of turbines for an exceedingly low number of revolutions.
The form of construction of the turbines must be selected to suit circumstances
of space in each case. Where the room is short it is advisable to make use of a
form of construction in which the turbine rings and the turbine wheels lie con-
centrically to one another, and the turbine wheels have usually the form of per-
forated discs mounted on the shaft which lies between the sides of the casing con-
taining the guide vanes and the guide passages. In the case of a greater length of
space another form of construction is to be preferred in which the turbine wheel
containing the turbine rings has usually the form of a perforated hollow conical
casing which lies enclosed in a corresponding truncated conical casing with a
small and large closing cover. All the turbine wheels are provided for the backing
or reversing movement with one or more rings of the largest possible diameter
as far as possible close to the steam exit. The direction of the paddles or vanes
of this backward turbine and accordingly the direction of the casing belonging
...thereto, is selfevidently different from that of the forward turbine. These rings
are so arranged that in the forward movement they are entirely ineffective or non-
working and only come into action when the steam inlet is closed by the reversal
of the cock and steam is admitted through a pipe at a suitable point into the
casing. For each backward or reversing turbine a suitable ring of corresponding
guide vanes adapted for the most effective admission of the steam must be pro-
vided. As each turbine apparatus has two different inlet passages and only one
outlet for the forward and backward movement, the utilisation of the steam for
moving ahead and backing or reversing and intermediate manoeuvres is very
simple.
The three way cock may be brought into various positions by means of a single
handle so that the steam may be entirely shut off or admitted to the forward tur-
bine or the backward turbine. These intermediate positions may easily also serve
to convey the major part of the steam to the first named turbine and the minor
part to the other turbine. By this means the manoeuvres for rapid and slow
movement of the ship aro greatly facilitated.
Another form of turbine has practically no thrust or displacement in an axial
direction. It has a forward turbine wheel with several rings and a backward
turbine ring outside the latter.
In another form of construction, two such forward turbine wheels with an outer
backward turbine are contained in the same casing. In a similar manner three
or more such turbine wheels may be mounted on the same shaft.
Other forms of construction have turbine wheels with a backward turbine ring
in a symmetrical arrangement each in a separate compartment in the casing. In
each compartment steam enters from the forward pipe through branch pipes and
in each compartment coming from the respective branch pipe it passes to and fro
through the corresponding turbine wheels, flowing in at a point in proximity
to the shaft and escaping to the outside of the casing at another suitable point.
Another form of turbine has a turbine wheel in the form of a disc mounted on the
shaft which disc carries at one side the forward turbine with the rings and on the
other side but near the periphery, the backward turbine. In this example a larger
axial adjustment or thrust takes place, which however may be casily absorbed by
means of a thrust bearing and by the counter action of the propeller of the ship. The
same applies to another form of construction in which the turbine bodies and the
casing have the form of a truncated cone.
In special cases the turbines may be arranged of the same length and number
in the same casing symmetrically so that no side thrust results.
All the examples hereinbefore mentioned are suitable not only for operating

page_text: ships' propellers but also for many other purposes, more particularly for the
numerous winches (stationary and on board ship) for forward and backward move-
ment and when necessary such apparatuses may be formed with a larger number of
turbines also for the backward movement.
The forms of construction herein before described are suitable both for rapidly
running apparatuses with one direction of rotation such as dynamos, ventilating
fans, centrifugal pumps and the like. In this case the backward turbine is omitted
and instead of the backward turbine formed of a disc near the periphery of the
shaft, a second forward turbine is preferably arranged on the same wheel sym-
metrically with the first one.
The examples of construction hereinbefore described are finally suitable not
merely for high and low pressure steam but also for compressed air and other
suitable gases.
Dated this fith dan of V 1000
Improvements in Steam Turbines,
I, RICHARD SCHULZ, of 2, Flensburgerstrasse, Berlin, in the Empire of Germany,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
Ships' engines generally only require economy in steam consumption when
moving ahead, whilst for backing less economy is afforded in steam consumption
precisely because the engine whilst manoeuvring mostly works very irregularly,
whilst the working of the boilers cannot be regulated to correspond and the boiler
therefore usually develops more steam than necessary, which then must be
carried into the open air or into the condenser in order not to be lost.
This drawback is removed by the compound ships' steam turbine which forms
the object of the present invention. This turbine is arranged for high expansion
and forward and backward moving and is characterized by a larger number of
turbine rings which are so arranged relative to the necessary guide scoop rings
which are firmly connected with the casing, that an excess of steam may be carried
off in the simplest manner by means of the steam turbine itself, the majority of
the turbine rings serving for as economic a forward movement as possible, and
only some or a few of the turbine rings for a less economic, but as energetic as
possible, backward movement.
Some examples of construction of such steam turbines are shown in the accom-
panying drawings partly in section in the direction of the shaft and partly in
elevation.
**
Figure 1 shows an example with a forward turbine wheel of several concentric
rings and backward turbine rings arranged outside the same;
Figure 2 is an example with two forward turbine wheels with backward turbine
ring in the same casing;
Figure 3 is an example with two separate compartments and one forward tur-
bine wheel with backward turbine ring in each of the same.
Figure 3 is an elevation of the casing seen in the direction of the shaft;
Figure 4 is a further form of construction with two separate compartments and
a forward turbine wheel and backward turbine ring in each of the compartments;
Figure 5 is an example in the form of a disc mounted on the shaft, which disc

page_text: carries on one side the forward turbine body and on the other side the backward
turbine body; and
Figure 6 shows a turbine body and a casing for the same essentially in the
form of a hollow cone.
In all the examples the turbine ring lying next the shaft f is indicated by b.
This ring has the smallest diameter. The turbine ring furthest removed from the
shaft and belonging to the turbine body T for forward movement and which has
the largest diameter is indicated by c. Between both rings b and c there are a
number of rings concentric with them. The rotating turbine body T is keyed
fast on the shaft. The turbine body for backward movement is indicated by T.
The shaft projects from the casing G at the ends and the joints are made tight
by means of stuffing boxes h. The steam is conveyed in the ordinary manner,
before entering each turbine ring of the rotating body T, through a ring rigidly
connected with the casing G and having suitably shaped guide passages g through
which the steam before entering the turbine rings is delivered to the paddles or
vanes of the rings in the most effective direction.
1.
The pipes V and R in which a three way reversing cock X is inserted serve
respectively for the forward and backward movement. In all the foregoing
examples the steam supply for the forward movement takes place by means of
the three way cock X and pipe V through a nozzle a into the turbine ring b of
smallest diameter. The last and largest turbine ring for forward movement in
which the steam enters is the ring c. The steam in its course through the turbine
wheel traverses always larger rings, that is to say rings or sets which increase
successively in diameter and if desired also in height and width, and the steam
finally escapes from the largest set c of turbines to the condenser or into the open
air. The guide vanes g of the casing and the guide passages of the set be of the
turbine wheel T may be of any suitable form. This is determined by the pressure
of steam available and the number of revolutions of the shaft f which are desired
or are possible.
The lower the number of revolutions, the greater must be the number of turbine
sets or rings bc always successively increasing in volume if the steam is to be
utilised as economically as possible to the fullest extent of its expansion power.
The present examples fulfil this object very especially.
If necessary several such apparatuses may be arranged on one or more shafts to
work in conjunction in order to obtain if desired the necessarily large number of
turbines for an exceedingly low number of revolutions.
The form of construction of the turbines must be selected to suit circumstances
of space in each case. Where the room is short it is advisable to make use of
the form of construction shown in Figures 1-5. In these the turbine rings b c
and the turbine wheels lie concentrically to one another, and the turbine wheels T
have usually the form of perforated discs mounted on the shaft f which lie between
the sides of the casing G containing the guide vanes and the guide passages. In
the case of a greater length of space, the form of construction shown in Figure 6
is to be preferred, but here the turbine wheel T containing the turbine rings bc
has usually the form of a perforated hollow conical casing which lies enclosed
in a corresponding truncated conical casing G with a small and large closing
cover ¹. All the turbine wheels T are provided for the backing or reversing
movement with one or more rings T of the largest possible diameter as far as
possible close to the steam exit d, Figures 1 and 6. The direction of the paddles
or vanes of this backward turbine T₁, and accordingly the direction of the guide
passages of the casing. G belonging thereto, is self-evidently different from that
of the forward turbine T. These rings T¹ are so arranged that in the forward
movement they are entirely ineffective or non-working and only come into action
when the steam inlet is closed at a by the reversal of the cock X and steam is
admitted through the pipe R at the point e into the casing. For each backward
or reversing turbine T₁ a suitable ring of corresponding guide vanés adapted for

page_text: the most effective admission of the steam must be provided. As each turbing
apparatus has two different inlet passages and only one outlet for the forward
and backward movement, the utilisation of the steam for moving ahead and back-
ing or reversing and intermediate manoeuvres is very simple.
The three way cock X may be brought into various positions by means of a
single handle so that the steam may be entirely shut off or admitted to the for-
ward turbine T or the backward turbine T. These intermediate positions may
easily also serve to convey the major part of the steam to one of the turbines T
and the minor part to the other turbine T¹. By this means the manoeuvres for
rapid and slow movement of the ship are greatly facilitated.
The turbine shown in Figure 1 has practically no thrust or displacement in an
axial direction. It has a forward turbine wheel T with several rings be and a
backward turbine ring T outside the latter.
In the example shown in Figure 2, two such forward turbine wheels T with an
outer backward turbine T¹ are contained in the same casing G. In a similar
manner three or more such turbine wheels may be mounted on the same shaft f.
The forms of construction shown in Figures 3 and 4 have turbine wheels T
with a backward turbine ring T¹ in a symmetrical arrangement each in a separate
compartment in the casing G. In each compartment steam enters from the for-
ward pipe V through branch pipes V and V2 and in each compartment coming
from the respective branch pipe it passes to and fro through the corresponding
turbine wheels, flowing in at a in proximity to the shaft and escaping to the
outside of the casing G at the point d.
The turbine shown in Figure 5 has a turbine wheel in the form of a disc
mounted on the shaft f, which disc carries at one side the forward turbine with
the rings bc and on the other side but near the periphery, the backward turbine T
In this example a larger axial adjustment or thrust takes place, which however
may be easily absorbed by means of a thrust bearing and by the counter action of
the propeller of the ship. The same also applies to the form of construction shown
in Figure 6 in which the turbine bodies and the casing have the form of a truncated
cone.
In special cases the turbines such as shown in Figures 5 & 6 may be arranged
of the same length and number in the same casing symmetrically so that no side
thrust results.
All the examples hereinbefore mentioned are suitable not only for operating
ships propellers but also for many other purposes, more particularly for the
numerous winches (stationary and on board ship) for forward and backward move-
ment, and when necessary such apparatuses may be formed with a larger number
of turbines also for the backward movement.
The forms of construction herein before described are suitable both for rapidly
running apparatuses with one direction of rotation such as dynamos, ventilating
fans, centrifugal pumps and the like. In this case the backward turbine T¹ such
as shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 is omitted and instead of the backward turbine
shown in Figure 5 a second forward turbine is preferably arranged on the same
wheel symmetrically with the first one.
The examples of construction herein before described are finally suitable not
merely for high and low pressure steam but also for compressed air and other
suitable gases.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
A reversible steam turbine which for the forward movement in order to allow
of its advantageous utilisation possesses a large number of turbine rings (bc)
lying concentrically round one another and forming the forward turbine body,
characterised by one, or only a lesser number of rings of largest possible diameter
being arranged forming a turbine body (T¹) for backward movement with the

page_text: object of obtaining as energetic a backward travel as possible during the less
advantageous utilisation of the steam, substantially as hereinbefore described and
shown in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 14th day of Janu 1800
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.