IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROSIN OIL
Year: 1852

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HERMANN
TURCK, of Broad Street Buildings, in the City of London, Merchant, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Fourteenth day of February, in the fifteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Hermann Turck, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said Hermann Turck, my exors, admors, and assigns,
and such others as I, the said Hermann Turck, my exors, admors, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times during the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, the Town of Berwick
upon Tweed, and in all Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, and
in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, an Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROSIN OIL," being a communi-
cation from abroad; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso
obliging me, the said Hermann Turck, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause
the same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will
more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso I, the said
Hermann Turck, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be carried into effect, is particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed; and to the letters and figures
marked thereon (that is to say):-
This Invention refers, firstly, to an improved process of distilling rosin for
obtaining oil therefrom, by which means acid, naphtha, and oil are driven off
in a separate and distinct form.
In the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 is a vertical section of the distilling
apparatus employed in carrying out this Invention. A is the body of the still;
B is a curved pipe connected with the top of the still; C, a moveable joint of
pipe for connecting the curved still-neck B with the still-worm D; f is a steam
pipe which passes through a close joint in the side of the still, and thence is
conducted down the inner side and along the bottom of the same to near the
centre of the bottom of the still, where it terminates in a coil which is per-
forated with small holes for the escape of the steam during a portion of the
time that the improved process of distillation is proceeding.
A spiral or any other shape may be given to the perforated terminating
portion of the steam pipe f, which surrounds the centre of the bottom of the
still. A thermometer must be so combined with the still as to indicate the
temperature of the contents thereof. As Fahrenheit's thermometer is used, all
references to temperature in this Specification must be interpreted with
reference to that instrument.
The method of distilling rosin, by which the resulting products of acid,
naphtha, and oil are obtained in a separate and distinct form, will be clearly
understood by the following description thereof:-First, place in the still A a
sufficient quantity of rosin to about two-thirds, fill it when the rosin is melted.
Before or at the time of making a fire under the still, moisten the rosin con-
tained therein by blowing steam into it through the pipe f. Detach the still
from its worm prior to making a fire under it, or before the fire has made much
progress, by removing the connecting pipe C from its place, for the reason that
the rosin is violently agitated within the still during the early stages of raising
its temperature, and until all the acid and water is expelled therefrom, during
which agitation the rosin is liable to overflow, and should it be allowed to over-
flow into the still-worm great injury would result therefrom, and an explosion
of the still would probably immediately follow. The acid will begin to escape
from the neck of the still when the thermometer indicates the temperature of
the rosin to be three hundred and twenty-five degrees, at which time the fire

page_text: under the still must be checked, and so regulated as to keep the temperature of
the melted rosin therein somewhere between three hundred degrees and three
hundred and twenty-five degrees, until the acid shall cease to flow from the
neck of the still. As soon as the flow of the acid from the neck of the still
ceases, the still must be connected to its worm by placing the connecting
pipe C in its proper position, and luting the joints at each extremity thereof,
and then steam must be steadily blown through the pipe f into the bottom of
the still, while the fire under the same is so regulated as to keep the contents
of the still at about the same range of temperature that was required to expel
the acid therefrom, as before described. The steam, as it rises through the melted
matter in the still, takes up and carries with it in the form of vapor the naphtha
that was contained in the rosin, and these two mingled vapors pass off into the
worm of the still, where they are condensed; they are then run off into a suit-
able receiving vessel. This operation is continued until the rosin ceases to
yield any more naphtha.
The workman will be able to judge when this is the case, by examining the
discharge from the still-worm, and it may also be ascertained by so graduating
the receiving vessel as to indicate when a quantity of naphtha about equal to
fifteen per cent. in bulk of the rosin originally placed in the still has been dis-
charged from the still-worm. As soon as the naphtha ceases to flow from the
still-worm, the fire must be increased under the still until the contents thereof
have been raised to a temperature of five hundred and fifty degrees, the steam
all the while being allowed to flow into the still through the pipe f, as before
mentioned, and this flow of steam into the still must be continued during the
whole time that the process of distillation is carried on.
The oil will com-
mence passing off in the form of vapor from the contents of the still, mingled
with the steam blown into the same, when the temperature of the said contents
reaches five hundred and fifty degrees, and these two mingled vapors will pass
into and be condensed in the still-worm, and thence be discharged into a suit-
able receiving vessel. The temperature of five hundred and fifty degrees or
thereabout must be preserved within the still until the flow of oil from the still-
worm nearly or quite ceases, which will take place when a quantity of oil
equal to about twenty-five per cent. of the rosin originally placed in the still
has been discharged. The contents of the still must then be raised to a tem-
perature of six hundred degrees, when the flow of oil and water from the
still-worm will recommence and continue whilst the said temperature of six
hundred degrees or thereabouts is maintained within the still, until a second
quantity of oil about equal to twenty-five per cent. of the rosin originally placed
in the same has been discharged from the still-worm, after which the flow of

page_text: oil will nearly or quite cease. The temperature within the still must next be
raised to six hundred and fifty degrees or thereabouts, when the flow of oil and
water from the still-worm will recommence and continue whilst the tempera-
ture within the still is retained at or about the said temperature of six hundred
and fifty degrees, until a third quantity of oil about equal to twelve and a half
per cent. of the rosin originally placed in the still has been discharged; the
flow of oil from the still-worm will then cease, and the fire under the still must
be extinguished.
The residuum of the rosin remaining in the still after the extraction there-
from of the acid, naphtha, and oil, by the before described process, is of a
nature similar to pitch, and is applicable to similar purposes and uses. This
residuum is drawn off through the pipe E, after standing a sufficient length of
time generally over night to cool down to a safe temperature for exposure to
the atmosphere and to be received into vats.
The steam pipe g, which passes through a close joint in the side of the still,
and terminates in a perforated head h, in the upper portion of the still, and
which has not been before referred to, serves the following purpose (to wit):-
Steam is injected from this pipe into. the volatilized oil during its passage from
the still to the condensing worm for the purpose of throwing down the coloring
matters contained in the oil.
This Invention refers, secondly, to the manufacture of rosin oil for lubricating
purposes. The mode of obtaining and afterwards treating the oil is as fol-
lows: Place in the still a quantity of oil which has been distilled from rosin at
a range of temperature of about five hundred and fifty degrees, and introduce
into the said still, either before or after, or with the oil, a quantity of slacked
lime equal to about five per cent. of the oil placed therein, and then close the
man-hole plate and lute it in the usual manner. When thus prepared, make
a fire under the still, and so regulate it as to gradually raise the temperature
of the interior thereof to about five hundred and fifty degrees, and retain it as
near to that range of temperature as possible, until the process is completed.
As soon as the temperature of the interior of the still reaches to about three
hundred degrees of heat, inject steam into the oil contained therein through
the pipe f, and when the temperature rises to five hundred and fifty degrees,
inject steam into the still through the pipe g. Oil will commence passing off
from the still in the form of vapor, as soon as the interior temperature thereof
reaches five hundred and fifty degrees of heat; and about this range of tempe-
rature must be maintained within the still until all the oil contained therein.
has been volatilized. The volatilized oil mixed with the steam injected into
the top and bottom of the still will pass into and be condensed in the worm D,.

page_text: and thence flow into a suitable receiving vessel. The steam injected into the
bottom of the still aids in volatilizing the oil, and the steam injected into the
top of the still serves the purpose of purifying and partially bleaching the o
when in a volatilized state.
The oil produced by the aforesaid process of distillation must be again
distilled in precisely the same manner as that before described, save that in
place of the slacked lime employed in that process, a similar proportional
quantity of caustic lime must be placed in the still with the oil.
The oil produced by this last process of distillation must now be placed in
the bleaching and purifying kettle, shewn in vertical section at Fig. 2, and in
plan view at Fig. 3. In these Figures k is the bleaching and purifying kettle;
7 is a steam pipe combined therewith in such a manner as to admit of the
temperature of the oil placed in the said kettle being quickly raised; and m is
a steam pipe terminating in a perforated head n, the centre of the bottom of
the kettle, for introducing steam into the oil. When the temperature has
been raised to about the range of two hundred and twenty-five degrees by
means of the steam pipe l, steam must be injected into the oil through the
steam pipe m, until the oil is fixed, and until the acid and coloring matter
produced therein by the action of the atmosphere is expelled therefrom. It
will then be quite limpid and ready for use for lubricating purposes.
The third head of the Invention refers to a new manufacture of rosin oil,
which is termed by the Inventor "curriers or tanners oil." The following is
a description of the process by which this material is prepared:-Place in the
still (Fig. 1) a quantity of oil which has been distilled from rosin at a range of
temperature of about six hundred degrees, and introduce into the said still,
either before or after, or with the oil, a quantity of slacked lime equal to about
five per cent. of the oil placed therein, and then close the man-hole plate
and lute in the usual manner. When thus prepared, make a fire under the
still, and so regulate it as to gradually raise the temperature within the still to
six hundred degrees, and retain it as near to that degree of heat as possible till
the process is completed. On the interior of the still attaining the temperature
of about three hundred degrees of heat, inject steam into the still through the
pipe f, and when the temperature reaches six hundred degrees of heat, inject
steam into the still through the pipe g. Oil will now begin to pass off from
the still in the form of vapor, and a temperature of about six hundred degrees
of heat must be maintained within the still until all the oil contained therein
has been volatilized. The volatilized oil mixed with the steam injected into
the top and bottom of the still will pass into and be condensed in the worm D,
and thence flow into a suitable receiving vessel. The oil thus produced

page_text: must undergo a second distillation in precisely the same manner as that before
described, save that in place of the slacked lime employed in that process,
a similar proportional quantity of caustic lime must be placed in the still
with the oil. The oil produced by this last process of distillation is next
placed in the open purifying kettle k, and treated in the manner described with
reference to the lubricating oil.
The fourth head of the Invention refers to the manufacture of a rosin oil
suitable for being combined with paints. The following is a description of the
process by which the new paint oil is produced:-For this purpose a quantity
of oil which has been distilled from rosin at a temperature of six hundred and
fifty degrees in the manner already described is placed in the still, shewn at
Fig. 1 of the Drawings, and the man-hole is closed and luted in the usual
manner. A fire is next made under the still, and so regulated as to gradually
raise the temperature of the interior thereof to about six hundred and fifty
degrees, which temperature, as nearly as may be, is maintained until the
process is completed. When the temperature of the interior of the still has
risen to about three hundred degrees, steam is injected into the oil contained
therein through the pipe f, and when the temperature reaches six hundred and
fifty degrees, steam is injected into the still through the pipe g. Oil will begin
to pass off from the still in the form of vapor as soon as the interior temperature
reaches six hundred and fifty degrees of heat, and about this range of tempera-
ture must be maintained within the still until all the oil contained therein has
been volatilized. The volatilized oil mixed with the steam injected into the
top and bottom of the still will pass into and be condensed in the worm D
and is thence run into a suitable receiving vessel. This oil must be again
distilled in precisely the same manner as that before described, and it is then
treated in the purifying kettle, as described with reference to the second head
of the Invention; after which it will be quite limpid and in a proper condition
for being subjected to a process of boiling similar to that which linseed oil is
passed through to fit it for use.
Having now described the Invention of improvements in the manufacture
of rosin oil, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, I wish it to
be understood that I claim under the above in part recited Letters Patent,-
First, the mode of treating rosin in the manner described under the first
head of the Invention, for the extraction of oil therefrom.
Secondly, I claim the manufacture of lubricating oil, as described under the
second head of the Invention.
Thirdly, I claim the manufacture of tanner's or currier's oil, as described
under the third head of the Invention.
.

page_text: And, lastly, I claim the manufacture of paint oil, as described under the
fourth head of the Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Hermann Turck, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Thirteenth day of August, in
the year of our Lord 1852, the aforesaid Hermann Turck came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Fourteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-two.