Improvements in the Manufacture of the Frames of Bioyoles, Tricycles, and other Velooipedes.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Mar., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 26th Nov., 1895-Accepted, 28th Deo., 1895
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PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of the Frames of Bioyoles,
Tricycles, and other Velooipedes.
1, JOHN VERNON POGH, of Whitworth Works Rea Street South, Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
The frames of bicycles, tricycles and other velocipedes as ordinarily made
consist of steel or iron tubes joined together by lugs or junction pieces cast in
malleable cast iron or made by stamping the said junction pieces being either
tubular or solid. The said junction pieces are generally made tubular and are
titted upon or in the ends of the tubes to be joined. The connection of the said
tubes and junction pieces is completed by brazing.
In consequence of the impossibility of examining the joined surfaces, defective
brazings cannot be detected, and accidents sometimes happen in consequence.
My invention has for its object to effect the junction of the tubes of which the
frames of the bicycles, tricycles or other velocipedes are made in the manner
hereinafter described, whereby a certainty and uniformity of strength in the
said framings is secured which is unattainable by the ordinary methods of
manufacture.
In manufacturing the said frames according to my invention I thicken the ends
of the tubes to be joined preferably by the process commonly called "jumping" or
by wolding strengthening tubular pieces thereon or otherwise. I connect the parts
so strengthened by the process of electrical welding whereby the joiued parts are
made iuto a homogenous whole, and the liability to fracture consequent on
imperfect brazing is wholly obviated.
When the strengthening of the ends of the tubes to be joined is offected by the
use of tubular strengthening pieces the said tubular pieces need not be welded on
the ends of the tubes. They may be fixed in position by the process called
shrinking. When the ends of the tubes are joined by the process of electrical
welding the strengthening pieces are at the same time welded on the joined parts
and there is thus produced a framing of steel or iron homogenous throughout, that
is, practically without junction.
I effect the electrical welding by means of the electric arc; that is, by menns
of the intensely hot are of volatilised carbon produced between carbon electrodes
in an electrical circuit, as is well understood. The welding is effected by passing
the said are over the parts to be welded, tho said parts to be joined being placed
and fixed and supported in close juxta-position during the passage of the electric
are over them.
Or I effect the welding without the use of the aro formed between carbou
electrodes. In this case I include in the electric circuit the pieces to be joined,
that is the said pieces replace the carbon electroles between which the arc is
ordinarily formed the circuit being completed by contact of the surfaces of the
particular parts to be joined the heat generated effecting the welding of the said
parts.
Dated this Sixth day of March 1895.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of the Frames of Bicyoles,
Tricycles, and other Velocipedes.
I, JOHN VERNON PUGH, of Whitworth Works, Ren Street South, Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of my invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The frames of bicycles, tricycles and other velocipedes as ordinarily made
consist of steel or iron tubes joined together by lugs or junction pieces cast in
malleable cast iron or made by stamping, the said junction pieces being either
tubular or solid. The said junction pieces are generally made tubular and are
fitted upon or in the ends of the tubes to be joined. The connection of the said
tubes and junction pieces is completed by brazing.
In consequence of the impossibility of examining the joined surfaces, defective
brazings cannot be detected and accidents sometimes happen in consequenco.
My invention has for its object to effect the junction of the tubes of which the
frames of the bicycles, tricycles or other velocipedes are made in the manner
hereinafter described whereby a certainty and uniformly of strength in the
said framings is secured which is unattainable by the ordinary methods of
manufacture.
In manufacturing the said frames according to my invention I thicken the ends
of the tubes to be joined preferably by the process commonly called "jumping";
or by welding strengthening tubular pieces thereon or otherwise. I connect the
parts so strengthened by the process of electrical welding, whereby the joined
parts are made into a homogeneous whole and the liability to fracture consequent
on imperfect brazing is wholly obviated.
When the strengthening of the euds of the tubes to be joined is effected by the
use of tubular strengthening pieces the said tubular pieces need not be welded on
the onds of the tubes. They may be fixed in pozition by the process called
shrinking. When the ends of the tubes are joined by the process of electrical
welding, the strengthening pieces are at the same time welded on the joined parts
and there is thus produced a framing of steel or iron homogeneous throughout,
that is, practically without junction.
I effect the electrical welding by means of the electric arc; that is, by means of
the intensely hot are of volatilized carbon produced between carbon electrodes in
an electrical circuit as is well understood. The welding is effected by passing the
said are over the parts to be welded, the said parts to be joined being placed and
fixed and supported in close juxta-position during the passage of the electric arc
over them.
Or effect the welding without the use of the arc formed between carbon
electrodes. In this case I include in the electric circuit the pieces to be joined;
that is, the said pieces replace one of the carbon electrodes, the circuit being
completed by contact of the surfaces of the particular parts to be joined with the
aingle carbou electrodo; the carbon electrode is separated a short distance and
the are thereby formed, the heat generated effecting the welding of the said
parts.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents in side elevation a safety
bicycle frame of the diamond pattern in position ready to be welded by the
electrical arc in the manner hereinbetore described.
Figures 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 represent some of the junctions of the said frame drawn
to a larger scale than Figure 1.

page_text: Figures 7 and 8 represent junctions of other tubular parts of a safety bicyclo
frame and Figure 9 represents a tube with a thickened end and expanded mouth
for use in forming a joint of the kind technically called a "splashed" or
splayed" joint.
66
In manufacturing a safety bicycle frame according to my invention I take tubes
preferably thickened at the ends where the junotions are to be formed and shape
the said ends so that they will accurately fit upon the parts to which they are to
be joined; Figure 2 reprosente in section the head of the steering socket a
(Figure 1) with the cup a of the ball head theroin and a portion of the horizontál
tubo b of the frame: Figures 3 and 4 represent respectively in side elevation aud
plan tho three tubes to be joined to the head of the seat post o of the frame the
said tubes being the horizontal tube b hereinbefore referred to and the two
tubes d, d constituting the back stay fork for the rear wheel; Figure 5 represents
the junctions formed at the bottom bracket the said junctious consisting of the
lower front tube of the frame and the seat post o joining the short horizontal
tube g, constituting the bottom bracket or case for the bearings of the crank
axle, at its middle and the two chain stay tubes (only one of which is seen and
marked in the drawings) of the back wheel fork, which tubes f respectively join
the bottom bracket g near its opposite ends. Figure 6 represents in section one
of the tubes d of the back stay fork and one of the tubes fof the chain stay fork
where they join the forked plate to which they are to be welded.
The ends of the tubes of the frame having been shaped as represented the said
tubes are supported in their relative positions with respect to each other and the
several junctions are successively welded together and made homogenous by passing
the carbon electrodes of an electrical arc over them.
Or tho said parts to be welded are included in the electrical circuit so as to
replace one of the carbon electrodea. The other carbon electrode being brought
into contact with the parts to be joined and the circuit thereby olosed; the said
carbon electrode is separated a short distance from the said parts so as to form au
electric arc. By slowly passing the carbon electrode over the parts to be joined its
distance from the said parts being preserved the electric arc is made slowly to
travel over the said parts and raising them to a welding boat effects their
junction.
The method or methods of electric welding I have described answer well in
practice but 1 do not limit myself thereto as the details of the electric welding
process to be employed in carrying out my invention may be varied without
departing from the nature of my invention.
Figure 7 represents the parts I prefer to employ in forming the crown of the
steering wheel fork according to my invention: i, are the two tubes or blades of
the fork and k is the fork stem or steering wheel column. Between the said fork
stem and blades of the fork, two flat plates 1, m are interposed the said plates
being separated by three short tubes the middle tube being preferably of a
similar diameter to the fork stem and the two end tubes, having a size and
shape in cross section similar to the upper ends of the blades of the fork. The
parts are raised to a welding heat in the way herein before described with respect
to the several junctions of the diamond frame and are thereby joined or made
homogenous.
Figure 8 represents in section the junction of the handle barn with the stalk or
column n of the same which are united by being raised to a welding heat in the
manner herein before described.
Figure 9 represents the shape which I give to the ends of tubes when the
junctions to be formed are to be of the kind called "splashed" or "splayed"
joints.
The method of manufacturing the frames of bicycles other than safety bioycles
as well as the frames of tricycles and other velocipedes differs in no essential respect
from the method of manufacturing the frame of a safety bioycle hereinbefore
described and illustrated.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that I claim as my
invention of "Improvements in the manufacture of the frames of bicycles tricycles
and other velocipedes ";-
Making the said frames homogenous that is, without brazed or other joints,
by shaping the ends of the tubes and parts to be joined and supporting the said
tubes and parts in the required relative positions with respect to each other,
the parts being raised to a welding heat by passing an electrical are over the
opposed edges of the several parts to be joined, or including them in the electrical
circuit and thereby welding or joining them together substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated the Twenty-fifth day of November 1895.