IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE FABRIOS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Gillies Lowndes and John Reid, both
of Auldhousefield Mill, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE
FABRIOS."
Sealed the 18th January 1870, and dated the 24th July 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Gillies Lowndes
and John Reid at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 24th July 1869.
We, ROBERT GILLIES LOWNDES and JOHN REID, both of Auldhouse-
field Mill, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF TEXTILE FABRICS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to a mode of weaving textile fabrics by which
three or more colours of warp, that is to say, two or more colours of warp
in addition to the ground warp, are produced or thrown up on one side
or face of the cloth. The harness is so tied, that is to say, all the warp
threads of one colour are first attached to the harness, then all the warp

page_text: threads of the next colour or colours in succession according to the
number employed; thus by the action of the cards,' which are perforated
according to the pattern to be woven, the different coloured warp threads
are thrown up on one face of the fabric either alternately or otherwise
as required, but always in the same line of warp or split of the reed,
the effect of which is that more than one colour of warp in addition to the
ground warp colour is shown in the same line of warps or split of the
reed, in contradistinction to the ordinary mode of flush weaving, whereby
only one colour in addition to the ground colour is thrown up on one
face.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Gillies Lowndes and John Reid in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st January 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ROBERT
GILLIES LOWNDES and JOHN REID, both of Auldhousefield, in the
County of Renfrew, North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of July, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
33d year of Her reign did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Robert Gillies Lowndes and John Reid, Her
special license that we, the said Robert Gillies Lowndes and John Reid,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
Robert Gillies Lowndes and John Reid, our executors, administrators,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE
FABRICE," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Robert
Gillies Lowndes and John Reid, by an instrument in writing under our
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six

page_text: Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Robert Gillies Lowndes and
John Reid, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say :-
Our said Invention relates to improvements in certain textile fabrics
made by what is known as "flush or harness weaving," and by which
three or more colours of warp, that is to say, two or more colours of
warp in addition to the ground warp, are produced or thrown up on one
side or face of the cloth or on a portion of the flush or harness parts
of the cloth. The harness is so tied, that is to say, all the warp
threads of one colour are first attached to the harness, then all the
warp threads of the next colour or colours in succession according to
the number employed; thus by the action of the cards of the jacquard
machine, which are perforated according to the pattern to be woven,
the different coloured warp threads are thrown up on one face of the
fabric either alternately or otherwise as required, but always in the same
line of warp or split of the reed, the effect of which is that with the
use of two complete set of warp and one set of a less number of threads
more than one colour of warp in addition to the ground warp colour
is shown in the same line of warps or split of the reed, in contra-
distinction to the ordinary mode of flush or harness weaving such fabrics,
whereby two complete sets of coloured warp in addition to the ground
warp are used.
Under this Invention the third or additional colour is composed of a
smaller number of threads or splits of yarn than the numbers used for
the ground colour and second colour; so that two or more colours in
addition to the ground colour are thrown up on a part of one face of
the flush woven portion of the cloth while the remainder of the flush
woven portion has only one colour in addition to the ground warp, thus
avoiding the necessity of using the full quantity or complete sets of
warp
in the third or other additional number of colours. It is obvious
that under this mode the colours in addition to the ordinary numbers
can be produced on the cloth in. a more economical manner than when
full sets of warps are used for all the colours as well as for the ground
warp, which has hitherto been the practice in flush weaving in cotton
fabrics

page_text: As it is somewhat difficult to make this Invention very distinct by
words it may be further explained by an example for the guidance of
the practical weaver that in a design for flush weaving occupying, say,
forty splits of ground warp of yellow or any other colour, and in which
design two additional colours, say red and green, are desired to be
woven in the same line of warp or split of the reed on a portion of the
said design, then instead of having three sets of warp consisting of
forty splits of ground or yellow warp, forty splits of red warp, and forty
splits of green warp according to the usual mode of flush weaving with
more than one colour in addition to the ground warp, under the present
Invention we use forty splits of yellow warp, forty splits of red warp, and
only ten, twelve, or any other number of splits required by the design
of green warp, but which number is less than forty splits, thus producing
one part of the design in yellow and red in the same lines of warp and
the other part of the same design in yellow, red, and green alternately,
or otherwise, all on the same face or side of the web.
It is to be understood that the application of the mode or manner of
weaving herein-before set forth is not claimed with reference to silk or
worsted fabrics.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and the
system, mode, or manner in or under which the same is or may be used
or practically carried into effect, we would observe in conclusion that
what we consider novel and original, and therefore claim as the In-
vention secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent
is, the flush or harness weaving of cotton fabrics so as to produce the
effects and in the manner herein-before described with less yarn than
has hitherto been used.
In witness whereof, we, the said Robert Gillies Lowndes and
John Reid, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Nine-
teenth day of January Eighteen hundred and seventy.
R. G. LOWNDES. (L.S.)
JOHN REID.
(L.8.)