IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING STONE TO RENDER IT HARD AND IMPERMEABLE, AND IN COLOURING THE SAME
Year: 1846

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FRANCOIS
TEYCHENNE, of Red Cross Square, Cripplegate, in the City of London, Feather
Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain and Ireland,
bearing date at Westminster, the Tenth day of August, One thousand eight
hundred and forty-six, in the tenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her
heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Francois Teychenné,
my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege
and authority, that I, the said Francois Teychenné, my exors, admors, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING STONE
TO RENDER IT HARD AND IMPERMEABLE, AND IN COLOURING THE SAME;" in which
said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the said Francois Teychenné,
shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in.
what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Francois Teychenné, do hereby the nature of my. said Invention, and the

page_text: manner of performing the same, are fully described and ascertained in and
by the following description thereof, that is to say :-
The Invention consists of a method of rendering soft and porous stone hard
and impermeable by immersing the stone into a solution composed of a com-
bination of materials to be afterwards described whilst in a boiling or highly
heated state, and also in coloring stone; but in order that the Invention may
bo fully understood, I will proceed to describe the manner of carrying out the
Invention. Before commencing the operation the stone is to be thoroughly
dried by being placed in a heated chamber, or by any convenient means.
When dry it should be cut into the size and form required for the purpose to
which it is intended to be used. The materials that I employ to form the
solution into which the stone is to be immersed, when the stone is required to
be black, brown, or of a dark colour, are as follows:-Coal tar, pitch, bitumen,
and all mineral pitch, adding a small quantity of fine sand, solid bitumen
called resinoide (which gives a brilliant surface to the stone as well as
hardening it). The proportion of all these materials is varied according to the
quality of the stone, but what I find to be generally best is eighty-five parts of
coal tar to ten parts of bituminous matters and three parts of tallow or other
fatty matters, and also a portion of linseed or other drying oils. The above
materials are placed in a boiler of a suitable size, according to the quantity
of stone to be operated upon, and a sufficient quantity of the materials
to be placed therein so as to completely cover the stone. I prefer that the
boiler should be covered whilst the liquid is boiling, in which case I employ a
tube at the upper part of the boiler to carry off the spirits and gasos which
arise, and these may be condensed in the ordinary manner, by which the
matters remaining in the boiler are rendered better for hardening the stone.
The materials are then to be heated until they are brought into a state of
ebullition, when the pieces of stone being placed in frames are plunged therein
by means of a small crane or by any suitable means; the object of their
being placed in frames is that they may be more readily removed. When the
operation is performed, I continue the operation of boiling until the stone is
impregnated the sufficient depth; and I find that to impregnate the stone to
a depth of one inch it will require about two hours boiling, for two inches
four hours, and for four inches eight hours; but for large blocks, the time
required for complete impregnation will be from eight to forty-eight hours,
but this will depend upon the porousness of the stone under operation, but this
the workman will readily ascertain. In some cases with stones that are
very porous, the surfaces will not be completely saturated; to obviate this,
I remove the stone from the boiler and allow it to get cocl; I then take a

page_text: quantity of the solution and add to it a portion of chalk, of rust of iron, of
granite and marble, together with a quantity of carbonate of lime or any other
earthy carbonate, and having reduced it .to..a .fine powder, mix the whole
together and boil them, and when in that state I cover over the surfaces of
the stone, rubbing in it with a hot iron or other suitable means, by which
means the surfaces will be rendered hard and impermeable: When it is
required that the stones should be of.a lighter colour, in place of using coal tar
as the base of the solution, I employ resin, the whitest that can be obtained, in
the proportion of eighty parts; I also employ turpentine and all sorts of oils,
wax, tallow, and fatty matters in the proportion of fifteen per cent., and also
all sorts of gums, which are added according to the nature of the stone; these
are to be heated as before described, and the well dried stone immersed therein
whilst in a boiling state. When the stone is required to have a clear white
color, I mix with the materials last described a preparation of the following
ingredients reduced to a fine powder or mixed in a state of paste:-White lead,
carbonate of lead, carbonate of lime, carbonate of lead and zinc, pipe clay con-
taining no iron, potter's clay. When red is the colour required to be given to
the stone, I employ the last-described materials, adding thereto the following
materials; and I would remark that in all the different colors, the last-
described materials are to be used as the base of the mixture, adding to them
the material necessary to give the required color; thus for red I add red
lead, oxide of iron, Chinese vermillion, Chinese red, dragon's blood, and any
other suitable material capable of giving the required color; for a green
color, acetate of copper, Brunswick green; for blue, Prussian blue, cobalt;
for yellow, ochre, gamboge; and with all these materials, sufficient quantity is
to be added to give to the mixture the required tint.
Having thus described the nature of the Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I would remark that I do not confine myself to the precise
details, so long as the character of the Invention be retained; but what I
claim is,―
First, the mode of acting upon dried, soft, and porous stones so as to render
them hard and impermeable with the materials herein described in a boiling
or highly heated state.
And, secondly, I claim the coloring the stones, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Francois Teychenné, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-seven.
FRANÇOIS (L.B.) TEYCHENNE.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifth day of February, in the
year of our Lord 1847, the aforesaid François Teychenné came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specifica-
tion aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in
form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped!
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Ninth day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-seven.