IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINING STEEL AND IRON INTO BARS FOR TYRES FOR WHEELS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
SANDERSON, of. West Street, Sheffield, in the' County of York, Steel Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her presént most. Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Fourth day of November; in the ninth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors; give and grant unto me, the said
Charles Sanderson, Her especial licence; full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said Charles Sanderson, my exors; admors, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Charles Sanderson, my exors, admors, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others! from time to time and at all
times during the term of years therein expressed; should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend; within England, Wales; and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, my 'Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINING STEEL
AND IRON INTO BARS FOR TYRES FOR WHEELS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES;" in
which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Charles*
Sanderson, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said'
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be perforined, to be inrolled
in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters' Patent;
as in and by the same, reference being, thereunto had, will' more fully and at
large appear.
-
NOW KNOW YE; that in compliance with the said proviso; I, the said

page_text: Charles Sanderson, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly
described and as ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures
and letters marked thereon (that is to say :-
In producing articles which require a large portion of their surface to be
covered with cast steel, two principal difficulties present themselves. First,
that of obtaining a perfect weld or union of the two metals; and secondly,
as such union is obtained through the medium of heat to obtain it without
injury to the cast steel.
My mode of obtaining this effectually and economically I will now explain,
which is as follows:-I take iron which has been manufactured by the usual
process into a bloom of any form required. This is heated and passed between
suitable grooved rollers, or placed under a hammer to form a cavity of such
depth and width as shall be sufficient to contain the quantity of steel required
to be incorporated with the bloom of iron. This cavity being made, a small
strip of iron is welded upon the face or open side, thus forming,-from end to
end, a tube or opening, into which the fluid steel is to be poured, as is shewn
at Figure 1, which represents the section of a bar according to my Invention.
A represents the bloom of iron produced by any of the ordinary processes of
iron making. B is the indenture or cavity made into such bloom whilst hot
by a hammer tool, or by passing it through endless grooved rollers, or by any
other convenient means. C represents the small strip of iron, which is welded
to the two outer edges D, D, of the bloom of iron, thus leaving, throughout
the whole length of the bloom, the cavity B, which is intended to be filled with
steel in a fluid state. Should it be required to cover two, three, or even four
sides of the iron, this is effected by making cavities of such sizes and forms
as may be required, so that when the bloom is further manufactured into that
form for which it may be required the steel may be found united to the iron
exactly where it is required. In covering pieces of iron of a circular form,
such as for the manufacture of rollers, piston rods, maundrils, &c., when the
bloom of iron is obtained to the form and size required, I make an outer tube
of thin iron, of such dimensions that the inside diameter shall be the size of
the iron bloom, together with the thickness of steel required to be welded to
its surface, the thin coating of iron being subsequently turned off in the lathe
or ground away.
The section A, Figure 2, is the bar of the form required, to be covered all
over with steel. B is an iron case, about the one sixteenth of an inch thick,
and C shews the cavity which is intended to be filled with fluid steel; thus,

page_text: if it is desired to coat the surface with steel one inch thick, it is evident that
the outer rim must be made two inches larger in diameter than the piece of
iron requiring to be coated. The iron being thus prepared for the reception of
the steel, the bottom end is stopped in any convenient manner to prevent the
fluid steel from escaping when poured into the cavity. The furnace usually
employed for melting steel may be used; but, for the purpose of obtaining the
steel in a fluid state as economically as possible, I prefer to use an arrange-
ment shewn at Figure 3, in which A is the body of the furnace, containing
two or more crucibles B, B, which rest in the bottom of the furnace C,
which may be built of solid firebrick, having holes pierced at convenient
distances, marked C², Figure 4, to allow the air, which is introduced from a
blast machine through the pipe D, and regulated by a cock or valve E. The
air chamber, F, may be formed of cast iron plates, as well as the outer part of
the furnace itself G, G, having a small door f. f. for the purpose of cleaning
the furnace when required. The fuel is introduced by removing the cover H,
and the redundant heat, smoke, and gases evolved, are allowed to escape
through the chimney I, regulated by a damper K. In this furnace I am
enabled to obtain not only a greater but a more equal degree of heat by
regulating the valves E and K, using at the same time a fuel much inferior,
and consequently less costly, than that now employed. The iron being made
ready for the reception of the steel, and the lower end being closed, I draw
the crucibles from the furnace above described and pour the .fluid steel into
those cavities made to receive it; the crucible is then returned to its furnace
to be recharged with steel. The blocks of iron and steel not being united or
welded together, I place them in a reverberatory furnace, such as is commonly
used for the manufacturing of iron, and heat them gradually to a welding heat.
Each block is then withdrawn from the furnace and submitted to the blows of
a heavy hammer, for the purpose of effecting a perfect weld or union of the
two metals. To effect this union, however, I prefer to pass each block, as it
comes from the furnace at a welding heat, through rollers, or under a powerful
press or squeezers as usually employed in iron works, which, whilst it firmly
unites the iron and steel, may be made to give the block that form which is .
most convenient for its succeeding manufacture, whether it be intended to
hammer or roll the same into a tyre bar or any other form.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that what I claim is,―
First, the mode of manufacturing blooms of iron with cavities of any form.
or size desired, which are to be filled with steel in a fluid state, in the manu-
facture of articles requiring steel to be welded upon the surface.

page_text: Secondly, I claim the use of an outer coating of iron when using melted
cast steel in order to protect the steel from injury by fire during the subse-
quent operation of welding the iron and steel together.
Thirdly, I claim pressing the iron and steel blooms when at a welding heat
instead of hammering them, and during such pressure to give them such form
as may be best adapted for their future manufacture.
Fourthly, I claim the use of the blast furnace, in contradistinction to the
present air furnace, for melting the steel, as herein specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles- Sanderson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this First day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-six.
CHARLES (L.s.) SANDERSON.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the First day of May, in the
year of our Lord 1846, the aforesaid Charles Sanderson came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification.
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statutes made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Fourth day of May; in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and forty-six.