IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR RE-WORKING THE WASTE STEAM OF STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in
the County of Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of
Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR RE-WORKING THE WASTE
STEAM OF STEAM ENGINES."-A communication from abroad by Messieurs
Dalifol and Company, of Paris, Manufacturers.
Sealed the 25th November 1859, and dated the 30th September 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th September 1859.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR RE-WORKING THE
WASTE STEAM OF STEAM ENGINES," a communication from abroad by Messieurs
Dalifol and Company, of Paris, Manufacturers, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a cheap and simple construction and arrangement
of apparatus for re-working indefinitely the waste or exhaust steam of steam
engines, and consists essentially in passing the waste steam through pipes,
which conduct it to two distinct receivers enclosed in water jackets or casings

page_text: constantly heated by a jet of steam, the water in the jacket of the second
receiver being of a rather higher temperature. There the steam experiences
a slight condensation, and is then drawn out by two pumps, and forced in this
state through two coils placed in flues near the furnace of the boiler.
Dampers are used to regulate the heat, and consequently the amount of super-
heating to the degree required At this point a jet of steam from the boiler
enters the coils, and increases the pressure of the steam contained therein, and
creates an exhausting action, which producing a vacuum in the pumps drives
out the steam with considerable force into the steam space of the generator.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 30th March 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex, and
of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Henry Johnson, Her special license that I, the said John
Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR RE-WORKING THE WASTE
STEAM OF STEAM ENGINES," a communication from abroad by Messieurs
Dalifol and Company, of Paris, Manufacturers, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said John Henry Johnson, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent. Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent..

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that 1, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
The said Invention relates to a cheap and simple construction and arrange-
ment of apparatus for re-working indefinitely the waste or exhaust steam of
steam engines, and consists essentially in passing the waste steam through
pipes which conduct it to two distinct receivers enclosed in water jackets or
casings, constantly heated by a jet of steam, the water in the jacket of the
Here
second receiver being of a rather higher temperature than the first one.
the steam experiences a slight condensation, and is then drawn out by two
pumps, and forced in this state through two coils placed in flues near the
furnace of the boiler. Dampers are used to regulate the heat, and con-
sequently the amount of superheating, to the degree required. At this point
a jet of steam from the boiler enters the coils, and increases the pressure of
the steam contained therein, and creates an exhausting action, which pro-
ducing a vacuum in the pumps drives out the steam with considerable force
into the boiler.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall
refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed, the
same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout all the
Figures.
Figure 1 of the Drawings represents a partial section and elevation of the
general arrangement of the apparatus herein-before referred to combined with
a steam engine; Figure 2 is a corresponding plan of the same; and Figure 3
is a detail on an enlarged scale, herein-after more fully referred to. The steam
which has produced its effect in the steam cylinder A passes by the exhaust
pipe a into the first cylindrical receiver B, which is contained within a water
bath C of a temperature of 85° centigrade; this temperature is regulated by
a jet of steam obtained direct from the boiler, and by a jet or jets of cold
water supplied by means of a pump through a rose jet, as shewn at b, which
directs the water on to the top of the receiver, whence it flows off by the
apertures o, o, into the bath C; by this means the overheating of this portion
of the chamber or receiver B is prevented. In this receiver the steam
undergoes a partial condensation, which facilitates its expansion and escape
from the cylinder A. From this chamber the steam passes by the lower pipe c
to the second chamber B', enclosed by the bath c¹, similar in every respect to

page_text: the preceding apparatus. The water of this second bath is raised to a
temperature of about 88° centigrade, that is to say, its temperature is rather
higher than the first one, and by vaporising already the more or less watery
particles forms the starting point of the re-heating or re-generation of the
steam. In this state it is rapidly drawn through the pipes d by the
pump D
(shewn in sectional detail at Figure 3), driven by the steam engine itself. The
steam is thence forced along the pipes e, e, to the two coils E, E, placed near
the furnace F; in a flue on each side thereof. Here it receives a considerable
augmentation of pressure produced by the increased heat to which it is
subjected, which beat is regulated by the dampers f, f, which intercept more
or less the contact of the flame with the coils. At this point a jet of steam,
conducted from the steam chamber G of the boiler by the pipes g, g, and
double stop-cock G³, is directed into the coils, and mixes violently with the
surcharged steam therein, still further increasing its pressure and driving it
along the tubes e¹ into the boiler G', thereby producing a vacuum which
effectually exhausts the steam from the body of the pump or pumps, and from
the pipes or passages through which it has to travel. The steam is now in a
condition to be again directed into the cylinder of the engine, where it
re-operates upon the piston, and is subsequently submitted to the action of the
regenerators. again, thus being indefinitely re worked without any additional
cost of fuel or loss of force. The pipes are all provided with stop-cocks for
regulating the admission and escape of the fluid or steam. The receiver B,
moreover, is furnished at its upper part with a pipe and cock K, for the free
escape of the steam when the apparatus is blown through for the expulsion of
air therefrom. In this operation the working of the pumps D is not required,
and therefore they are thrown out of action by slackening the pinching screw m,
which connects at pleasure the pump rod with the rod of the eccentric. An
indicator p is fitted on to the receiver B', to shew the amount of vacuum
produced in the apparatus, and a pipe r serves to connect the inlet steam
pipe a directly with the bath C³, in order to raise and maintain the water
therein to and at the desired temperature. Finally, this bath is provided at
its lower end with a pipe and stop-cock t, by the aid of which the apparatus
may be cleaned out by introducing water forced therein by the pumps in lieu
of steam, and by which the boilers may be filled at first starting. On starting
the engine the air is first expelled or drawn out from the system of pipes, and
for this purpose the pistons or plungers of the pumps D are made hollow, and
provided at their lower extremities with a valve (see Figure 3), which allows
the air to enter, and then forces it out through a small pipe leading to the
exterior, and provided with a cock.

page_text: In carrying out this Invention in practice, many modifications and
alterations from the above may suggest themselves; for example, the coils E
may be replaced by straight pipes running along the sides of the boiler or
furnace; more than two pumps may be used, and they may be either single or
double-acting; the water in the baths may be replaced by air of a proper
temperature when water is scarce; and the entire system may be applied to
engines worked by gaseous vapours in lieu of steam.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is, the general construction, arrangement,
and combination of apparatus for re-working the exhaust steam or vapour of
steam or gas engines, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of March, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty.
J. HENRY JOIINSON. (L.S.)