Improvements in Hydrocarbon Engines.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Sept., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 19th July, 1890-Accepted, 6th Sept., 1890
Improvements in Hydrocarbon Engines.
We, CHARLES RICHARD BINNEY, of 5, Hackney Road, in the County of London,
Consulting Engineer, and HERBERT AKROYD STUART, of Bletchley, in the County
of Buckingham, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to liquid hydrocarbon engines of either the two or three
cycle type, and it comprises improvements in the mechanism for controlling the oil
supply valve, and a valve arrangement by which the engine piston may automatically
keep the oil in the oil supply tank at the desired pressure. Our improvements also
comprise an improved vaporiser and igniting tube and means for quickly heating
the same, and, further, an arrangement whereby the oil supply tank may be employed
as an oil lamp reservoir so that a lamp may be supplied by the pressure necessary
for the working of the engine.
In carrying this invention into practice a suitable foundation is constructed to
carry the cylinder, the piston, the mechanism for working the several valves, and the
oil supply tank kept under pressure by the engine piston as described in the Specifi-
cation of Letters Patent No. 14076 granted to us and dated October 1, A.D. 1888
but instead of the valve which regulates the pressure in the oil tank being actuated,
it is constructed to act automatically. It comprises a casing or shell attached to the
cylinder or other suitable place; arranged in this casing are two valves preferably
one above the other and which communicate with the inside of the cylinder by a
port or passage; the lower valve is arranged to gravitate from its seat, the degree of
movement being regulated by an adjustable stop. The upper valve normally rests
upon its seat and acts as a check valve to prevent the escape or return of pressure
from the oil tank. The pressure upon the oil in the oil tank is regulated by the
distance the lower valve is allowed to drop from its seat. During the compression,
or, if desired, during the scavenger stroke of the cycle, the pressure is allowed to
pass the valves to the oil tank, when the desired pressure is obtained the piston, on
its further return, produces a greater pressure than the valve will pass and conse-
quently the said valve is forced to its seat and remains there until the induction
stroke, when it drops to the stop. On the compression stroke it is again actuated
and so on.
The oil supply valve is on the same principle as that described in the Specifica-
tion of Letters Patent No. 14076 before referred to but the means of controlling the
oil supply is obtained from a gravitating or pendulum governor and comprises a rod
or guide worked from the eccentric of the engine. Projections on this rod work a
toothed rack or its equivalent to rotate the oil measuring valve through a toothed
pinion engaging therewith. The governing motion is obtained by a hinged lever or
rod with a loose weight at one end capable of working along the rod; this rod and
weight are lifted by one of the projections on the rod worked from the eccentric.
If the lever and weight fall between the rack and a projection on the rod a supply of
oil is given, but, when the speed of the engine is above the normal, the weight
falls onto the projection on the rod so that the travel of the rack is insuflicient to
reach the outlet port and therefore no supply of oil is given until the normal speed
is again reached.
The vaporiser, constructed according to this invention, is of such a shape that fresh
surfaces may be moved opposite the oil supply, so that the cold oil does not always
impinge onto one place and cool it, by which means it is better vaporised. In some
instances construct a circular vaporiser and give it a rotating motion from
the engine for the purpose of presenting fresh surfaces to the incoming oil. In

page_text: connection with the vaporiser is a valve actuated from an eccentric and rod or their
equivalent. This valve is actuated twiće during each cycle, once for admission of the
vapour and a portion of air supply, and once for igniting the mixture. An automatic
valve is arranged in conjunction with the vaporiser which opeus by the section of
the piston to clear the vapour from the vaporiser and draw it into the cylinder, a
certain portion of air entering with the vapour.
By this arrangement there can be no premature ignition as in the case where the
ignition is controlled by compression..
The oil for the lamp for heating the vaporiser is supplied from the oil reservoir of
the engine and for assisting the heating of the vaporiser and firing tube in two cycle
engines a jet of air and vapour from the oil supply tank is directed against the
flame heating the firing tube and vaporiser, through a small pipe or tube, a cap being
arranged therein to regulate the escape to produce more or less blast as desired. In
three cycle engines we preferably construct a spare chamber to receive the scavenger
charge which, being under pressure, may be utilized to produce the jet. In order
to facilitate the starting of the engine we, in some instances, employ a small fan or
its equivalent which may be worked by hand or otherwise to produce the jet and such
may subsequently be worked by the engine from the crank.shaft or other suitable
part, or we charge a suitable receptacle during the engine's working with air or
combustible mixture which can be utilized for blowing the jet to start the engine.
In compound engines the exhaust gases are superheated by means of an internal
vaporiser arranged within the cylinders.
Dated that Carinsk 1000
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicants."
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Hydrocarbon Engines.
We, CHARLES RICHARD BINNEY, of 5. Hackney Road, in the County of London,
Consulting Engineer, and HERBERT AKROYD STUART, of Bletchley, in the County
of Buckingham, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement;-
This invention relates to liquid hydrocarbon engines of either the two or three
cycle type, and it comprises improvements in the mechanism for controlling the oil
supply valve and a valve arrangement by which the engine piston may automatically
keep the oil in the oil supply tank at the desired pressure. Our invention also
comprises an improved vapourizer and igniting tube and means for quickly heating
the same, and further, an arrangement whereby the oil supply tank may be employed
as an oil lamp reservoir so that a lamp may be supplied by the pressure necessary
for the working of the engine.
To enable our invention to be fully understood we will describe how it can be
carried into practice by reference to the accompanying drawing, in which:-
Figure is a half plan of a hydro-carbon engine of the two cycle type provided
with our improvements:
Figure 2 is a side elevation of the same partly in section on the line x x of
Figure 1:
Figure 3 is a similar view to Figure 2 but with the section taken on the line y y
of Figure 1:
Figure 4 is a rear end view parily in section of the engine. the section being taken
on the line z z of Figure 3.
Similar reference letters indicate similar parts throughout the drawing.
a is the foundation or base plate.
in bearings in the engine frame d,
the power cylinder, the crank shaft mounted
and c' the supplementary shaft for actuating
some of the valves, the said shaft being driven from the main shaft by the gear-

page_text: wheels cc, all of which parts are of known construction. e is the oil supply tank
kept under pressure by the engine piston as described in the Specification of Letters
Patent No. 14076 granted to us and dated October 1. A.D. 1888, but instead of the
valve which regulates the pressure in the said oil tank being mechanically actuated
it is according to our invention arranged to act automatically. For this purpose
we employ a casing and attach it preferably to the cylinder b; within this casing
we arrange two valves g, g' preferably one above the other and communicating with
the inside of the cylinder by a port or passage and with the tank e by a pipe el.
The lower valve g serves to regulate the pressure within the tank e and is arranged
to gravitate from its seat, the degree of movement being regulated by an adjustable
stop g. The upper, valve o' normally rests upon its seat and acts as a check valve to
prevent the escape or return of pressure from the oil tank e. The pressure upon the
oil in the oil tank is regulated by the distance the lower valve g is allowed to drop
from its seat. By this arrangement, the pressure generated in the cylinder b, during
the compression stroke, will pass the valve g, g' to the oil tank e, and, when a certain
pressure is thereby obtained, the piston, by its further movement, produces a greater
pressure than the valve will pass and consequently the said valve is forced to its
seat and remains there until the induction stroke, when it drops to the stop g. On
the next compression stroke it is again actuated and so on. By altering or adjusting
the position of the stop, the position of the valve g resting upon it will be altered
relatively to its seat, so that the said valve can thus be enabled to close when any
desired pressure is obtained in the cylinder b as will be obvious.
In three cycle engines, it will be obvious that the pressure generated in the
cylinder. during the scavenger stroke can be communicated to the oil tank e, instead
of that generated during the compression stroke.
i is the oil supply valve which is constructed and operates on the same principle as
that described in the Specification of the Letters Patent before referred to except
that it is arranged to slide in guides, instead of to rotate. For effecting and
controlling the oil supply we employ a gravitating or pendulum governor. This
governor comprises a rod for actuating the valve i, the said rod being jointed to the
lower end of a pendulum rod k and provided, near one end with an adjustable
weight which causes the end to rest on the bottom of the guides ', ' or on a
separate stop in front of one end of the said valve. The required movement for
operating the valve i is imparted to the rod through the medium of the said
pendulum rod k, a rod k, and a pivoted arm, the pendulum rod and arm k²
being jointed to the engine frame d and connected together by the rod k', so that,
when a pin h³ on the wheel c" comes against the rod the movement thereby
imparted to it will be transmitted to the rod j, which will strike the valve and move
it so that the charge of oil which has been forced into it through the pipe and
port from the oil tank e, will be transferred to the vapourizing chamber b' through
the port and pipe are springs for returning the valve to its normal
position and is another spring for effecting the same object with the pendulun
rod and rods connected to it.
is another pin on the wheel c, which pin, prior to every movement of the rod j
towards the valve i, depresses the end of the said rod so as to lift its other end
above and out of line with the said valve as shewn by the dotted lines in Figure 2,
the weighting so arranged on the rod that, when the latter is released by the
pin and the engine is running at its normal speed, it falls to its former position in.
front of the valve so as to actuate it, but if the engine is running above the normal
speed, it cannot fall quickly enough to attain its former position in front of the valve
but falls upon the top of it and moves along its upper surface, so that during the
next cycle of movements the valve does not move and consequently no oil is supplied
to the engine which therefore runs at a slower speed. By altering the position of
the weight upon the rod fit will be obvious that the normal speed of the engine
can be varied.
I is our improved vapourizer which consists of a series of thin metal plates l'
arranged radially on a cylinder which is supported and can turn on centres in

page_text: the chamber bl. The said vapourizer is located underneath the mouth of the oil
supply pipe in such a position that the incoming oil will cause it to rotate.
By this arrangement fresh vapourizing surfaces are constantly being moved opposite
the oil inlet, the result being that the oil is better vapourized than if it were to
always impinge onto one surface, as will be obvious.
in is an automatic air-valve which is arranged in the end of the chamber behind
the vapourizer and opens by the suction of the piston, and allows a certain quantity
of air to be drawn into the chamber to clear the vapour from the vapourizer, à
certain portion of the air entering the cylinder 6 with the vapour.
The air entering
through the valve m also assists in revolving the vapourizer 1.
is the exhaust-valve which is operated from the shaft c' through the medium of
the eccentric n', rod and levers, ².
o is the igniting tube which is connected, as shewn, to the chamber band is made
of platinum so as to enable it to be made sufficiently thin to effect proper ignition of
the charge in the cylinder and at the same time to withstand the force of the
explosion. o' is the lamp for heating the said tube o.
p is the lamp for heating the vaporizer when starting the engine, the said lamp
being preferably of the kind in which the oil is vapourized previous to being burnt,
and arranged beneath the chamber, so that the heat is transmitted through the
said chamber to the vapourizer.
The oil for the lamp is supplied through the pipe p' from the oil tank e by the
pressure therein; and for assisting the heating of the vapourizer in two cycle-engines;
a jet of air and vapour from the oil supply tank is directed against the flame of the
lamp-p through a small pipe or tube p², a tap p being arranged therein to regulate
the escape to produce more or less blast as desired.
It will be obvious that the lamp o can also be supplied with oil from the tank e
and that a blast of air from the said tank can also be directed against its flame
to produce greater heat.
In three cycle engines we preferably construct a spare chamber to receive the
scavenger charge which, being under pressure, may be utilized to produce the jet
or blast. In order to facilitate the starting of the engine, we, in some instances,
employ a small fan or its equivalent which may be worked by hand or otherwise to
produce the jet or blast and such may subsequently be worked by the engine from the
crank-shaft or other suitable part, or we charge a suitable receptacle during the
engine's working with air or combustible mixture which can be utilized for blowing
the jet to start the engine.
Instead of the oil tank e we can use a separate oil tank in connection with the
compression chamber b to supply the lamp with oil and a jet or blasi.
In compound engines the exhaust gases in their passage from the high pressure
to the low pressure cylinder are caused to pass over the internal vapourizer whereby
they are superheated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that we
claim is:-
1. In a hydrocarbon engine the use of two valves arranged as described, and
adapted to be operated automatically to maintain the desired pressure in the oil tank,
substantially as set forth.
2. In a hydrocarbon engine a vapourizer provided with a series of vapourizing
surfaces and arranged in such a manner that fresh surfaces are constantly exposed
to the incoming oil, substantially as described.
3. In a hydrocarbon engine a vapourizer provided with a series of vapourizing
surfaces supported upon centres in such a manner that during the operation of the
engine the vapourizer will be moved to expose fresh surfaces to the incoming oil,
substantially as described.
4. In a hydrocarbon engine a vapour lamp adapted to work in combination with a
blast, substantially as, and for the purpose, described.

page_text: 5. In a hydrocarbon engine in which the oil supply tank is maintained under
pressure and the vapourizer of which is heated by means of a vapour lamp, utilizing
the pressure within such oil supply tank for feeding the oil to the lamp and for
producing a blast, substantially as, and for the purpose, described.
6. The manufacture and use of the improved hydrocarbon engine bereinbefore
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
Doind the 10th Jan
ليل"
1000
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury. London, Agents for the Applicants.