Improvements in and relating to Tyres for the Wheels of Carriages, 'Motor Cars, and other similar Vehicles.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application; 11th Sept., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 10th Dec., 1896-Accepted, 20th Mar., 1897
Improvements in and relating to Tyres for the Wheels of Carriages,
'Motor Cars, and other similar Vehicles.
I, JOHN EBENEZER HOPKINSON, of Para Rubber Mills, West Drayton, in the
County of Middlesex, India-rubber Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the construction of those tyres for carriages and other
vehicles which consist of an outer solid or "cushion" tyre bearing upon a pneumatic
or air-tube, the latter and a portion of the former being enclosed within a metal or
other suitable rim.
According to my invention, I form the outer tyre with a groove on each side so
that it may be retained between the re-entrant flanges of a suitably shaped rim.
The grooves thus formed in the outer tyre cause the latter to be furnished at its
inner and outer ends with double flanges. The outer flange may be flat or curved,
and corrugated or moulded to any desired pattern. The inner flange bears upon
the air-tube enclosed within the rim and its extremities are preferably curved round
so as to conform to and partly encircle the air-tube. I may insert one or more
layers of canvas or other fabric between the outer tyre and the air-tube, and
solution or otherwise secure the same together.
I prefer to use a rim of a tapering section, so that the width internally at its
extremity is less than at any other part, the object being to reduce the friction
against the sides of the rim. In this case the inner flanges of the tyre are slightly
narrower than the metal rim and may be coated with a strip of canvas or other
fabric.
As a modification of the above, I may form a V-shaped groove in the solid tyre,
the apex of the V being towards the outer or wearing portion of the solid tyre.
The sides of this groove are curved outwards or rounded off so that the air-tube
may be partly forced up into this groove, and in this case I also insert one or more
layers of fabric covering the outer surface of the air-tube within the groove, and
cement or solution the same together.
By the use of the above methods of construction I am enabled to overcome
the disadvantages arising from the use of. similar tyres to those described in the
Specifications to Letters Patent-Nos. 17714/91 Quertier, and 12680/95 Barry,-
in which the air-tube and tyre are formed of two independent parts and are not, as
in my case, secured together so as to form one single tyre.
By my construction the outer tyre is found to ride more freely within the rim,
and also owing to the combination of the outer tyre and the inner tube or
pneumatic chamber,-the possibility of the outer tyre being forced out or
otherwise withdrawn from the rim is entirely obviated.
Dated this 11th day of September 1896.

page_text: Improvements in and relating to. Tyres for the Wheels of Carriages,
Motor Cars, and other similar Vehicles.
1, JOHN EBENEZER HOPKINSON of Para Rubber Mills, West Drayton, in the
County of Middlesex, India-rubber Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to the construction of those tyres for carriages and other
vehicles which consist of an outer solid or "cushion" tyre bearing upon a pneumatic
or air tube, the latter and a portion of the former being enclosed within a metal or
other suitable rim.
According to my invention, I form the outer tyre with a groove on each side so
that it may be retained between the re-entrant flanges of a suitably shaped rim..
The grooves thus formed in the outer tyre cause the latter to be furnished with
inner and outer double flanges. The outer flange may be flat or curved or
corrugated or moulded to any desired pattern. The inner flange bears upon the
air tube enclosed within the rim and should be curved so as more or less to conform
to and partially enclose the air tube. I insert one or more layers of canvas or
other fabric between the outer tyre and the air tube and solution or otherwise
secure the same together, and in carrying out this part of my invention I take
great care to make a perfectly secure attachment of all the various parts together
as I have found that this is indispensable to the satisfactory working of my improved
form of tyre.
By the adoption of, these means I am enabled to overcome the disadvantages
arising from the use of similar tyres to those described in the Specifications to
Letters Patent No. 17714/91 Quertier, and No. 12680/95 Barry, in which the air
tube and tyre are formed as independent parts, and not as in my invention secured
together so as to form one complete tyre.
On the accompanying drawings illustrating my invention :-
Figure 1 is a section of a tyre and rim showing my construction for guiding the
tyre within the rim, and for securing the puenmatic to the solid portions;
Figure 2 is a section of a tyre and rim showing a modification of the tyre for
increasing its resilience;
Figure 3 is a section of a tyre and rim showing the application to tyres and
rims of another form of my construction for securing separate parts of the tyre
together.
In applying my invention to securing a solid tyre A to a pneumatic tube C,
envelop the latter with a fabric cover C to increase its mechanical strength.
I connect this tube C to the solid tyre A. by a continuous layer of fabric encircling
the lower part and having its ends embedded in the substance of the solid tyre.
A third fabric layer encircles the lower part of the whole, and is carried up to
cover the sides of the solid tyre where it serves to protect them against the friction
of the rim. The various layers may be solutioned together, the whole being
afterwards vulcanized in one piece.
I may divide the ends of my second layer into two or more layers or attach to
them two or more flaps, or instead of laminating them in either of the above ways,
I may divide them longitudinally, in each case thus giving two or more separate
ends on each side to enter the substance of the solid tyre and increase the strength
of the connection. I may omit the first and third layers of fabric or. either of
them.
The above method is applicable to the connection of solid and pneumatic
tyres of various forms, but 1 find advantage in forming the solid tyre with a

page_text: groove a on each side to be retained by re-entrant flanges b on the rim B, the rim
below the flanges sloping slightly outwards, and the solid tyre having a corre-
sponding shape, the pneumatic tyre being normally narrower than the solid tyre.
In this way the composite tyre is kept with approximate accuracy in its position
when it approaches the flanges of the rim, and the friction between its sides
and those of the rim when it is constrained to move within the rim is materially
reduced.
Where increased resilience is desired I may form within the inner face of the
solid tyre a V-shaped groove D sloping inwards, with its sides curved towards the
edges of the tyre A, and in this case I form the pneumatic tube at the part which
abuts the solid tyre into a shape enabling it to partly enter the groove. I may
wrap the tube round with one or more layers of fabric C¹, and I connect the solid
and pneumatic parts together by solution or by the means above described.
The method which I have shewn for securing the solid tyre to the pneumatic
tube is also applicable to other layers of rubber or fabric and can be used with.
forms of tyre and rim other than those which I have described. Thus for instance
in Figure 3, I show its application to a tyre in which the pneumatic tube C is
inserted eccentrically within the solid tyre A, the thicker part of the latter being
furnished with a core G of harder material, and the wearing surface being formed
by a nose F of harder material, the ends of such nose being brought up into the
substance of the solid tyre and attached there by solution, the whole being vulcanized
together.
In this case also I may divide these ends into layers or otherwise as described in
relation to the previous application of this means of construction.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a tyre intended for wheels of carriages, motor-cars and other vehicles, and
composed of a solid tyre A with a pneumatic tube C, securing the tube or its
envelope C to the tyre or one layer to the remainder of the solid tyre by
introducing into the substance of the solid tyre A the laminated or divided
ends of an envelope C₁ of the pneumatic tube or the similar ends of the separate-
layer of the solid tyre or of the envelope of such layer and the incorporation of
such ends with the solid tyre by solution and vulcanization as described and.
illustrated-Figures 1 and 3.
2. In tyres for wheels of carriages motor cars and other vehicles, the combination.
constituted by a solid or cushion outer tyre A grooved or moulded on either side.
and having a V-shaped groove D formed centrally on its inner circumference-
within which is attached a portion of the canvas or outer covering of a pneumatic
or flexible air tube C, enclosed within a rim B provided with re-entrant flanges.
arranged to retain the outer tyre A partly within the rim B, for the purposes
and as described with reference to Figure 2 of accompanying drawings.
3. In rims and tyres intended for carriages, motor-cars and other vehicles and
composed of a solid tyre partly secured within a rim having re-entrant flanges.
together with a pneumatic tube, the use of a rim tapering outwards and of a
solid tyre of which the part retained within the rim has a corresponding shape,.
in combination with a pneumatic tube narrower than the solid tyre and connected.
to it, for the purposes and as described and illustrated-Figures 1 to 3.
Deted this Tenth dar of Liacamber 1806
For the Applicant,
GEDGE & FEENY,
60 Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C., Chartered Patent Agents.