Improvements in Machinery for Making Rivets, Bolts, and Screw Blanks.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Oct., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 15th July, 1898-Accepted, 12th Sept., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Making Rivets, Bolts, and Screw
Blanks.
I, GEORGES ADOLPHE NORBERT ERMEL of No. 1 Rue Vautier, Brussels, in
the Kingdom of Belgium, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to produce a machine for automatically forming
the heads to rivets, bolts, screw blanks, and similar articles.
In carrying out this invention, I mount, in a suitable frame, a reciprocating
carrier for a die or stamp, which is shaped so that it will, when it strikes the end
of a wire blank, form a lead thereon. This die is fitted into a socket which carries
a conical or other conveniently shaped block or key, by which the position of the
die may be fixed.
The blanks are placed in a hopper or magazine, and are delivered to a feeder, by
which they are delivered one by one to a matrix.
This feeder consists of two slides superposed, one of which has a reciprocatory
motion communicated to it by a secondary shaft, a crank, a connecting rod, and
mitre gearing, while the other, which is recessed to form a receptacle for the blank,
has a limited movement given to it, & carries a bell-crank lever, the charter ami
of which is automatically actuated in any convenient manner to rock the lever, so
that the long arm shall strike the blank, and force or place it in the matrix.
Connected with the die or stamp carrier is a pusher, the object of which is to
force the finished rivet out of the matrix, so that it may drop down a shoot into a
suitable receptacle.
As the die carrier reciprocates, so this pusher reciprocates, but they come into
action consecutively.
This pusher consists of a solid rod, which enters a tube fixed to a travelling
piece, and fitted with a trigger arrangement, which, at the right moment, is released,
so that the pusher may be drawn back, cut of the way of a fresh blank, by suitably
placed springs. The amount of movement given to this pusher may be regulated
by an adjustable key, which is fitted in rear of a socket or ring keyed on the tube.
The blanks are cut from wire or rods, & placed in the hopper, & are thus auto-
matically fed to the matrix, are automatically headed, & are then automatically
discharged into a suitable receptacle.
It will be obvious that, although I have referred particularly in the above
description to rivets, 1 do not confine my invention to making rivets, which are
mentioned only for convenience of description.
Dated this 15th day of October 1895.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Making Rivets, Bolts, and Sorew
Blanks.
1, GEORGES ADOLPHE NORBERT ERMEL of No. 1, Rue Vautier, Brussels, in
the Kingdom of Belgium, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :—
The machines at present in use for making rivets are controlled by hand, and
the blanks intended to be formed into rivets, or otherwise, are introducel into the
matrix also by hand.
These facts liniit the production, and often cause arci lents to the atten lants.
In the machine which forms the subject of the present invention, the blanks are
carried automatically to the matrix.
The operation obviates possible accidents, and also increases the pro-luction, under
certain important and economical con litions, which will now be demonstrate l
In the accompanying drawings —
Fig. is a longitudinal section of the machine;
Fig. 2 is a plan view;
Fig. 3 is a transverse section, shewing the blank carriage.
It is
Figs. 4 to 10 shew details which will be more particularly referred to.
The machine acts in a horizontal direction, and is contina in its action.
provided with a crank shaft A, and on this shaft are mounted tast and loose
pulleys a a, and a fly wheel B, of sufficient size to form, by its menentur, the
head of the rivets or other pieces in course of manufacture,
A comecting real gives a reciprocating movement to a saddle or crosshead D,
which slides in guides in a suitable frame E.
The saddle is in two pieces, the front one D' of which is detachable, and carries
a suitably shaped die, the object of which is to give the form to the head of the
rivel or bolt.
The cross-head is arranged so as to permit of the easy insertion of a piece G.
termed a crushing piece, which is intended to break away or crush up, in case of
abnormal shock or strain on the machine, leaving the other parts intact.
An adjustable wedge H serves to regulate exactly the position of the part D',
and consequently of the die D2, so that it will strike or form the head of the rivet
perfectly.
This regulation is useful, especially when a die which has been repaired is being
re-used.
A steel matrix K, into which the blanks are introduced, is recessed into a block
cast with the frame, and it is held therein by a retaining plate. This matrix and
retaining plate are fixed flush with the face of the block, to leave a clear space for
the movement of the blank carrier, that will be now describol.
This carrier rests on a bracket support fitted to the frame, and is inclined towards
the axis of the machine.
It is composed of two parts or slides, L and M, (see the enlarged views
Figs. 6 and 7) sliding the one on the other. The lower portion L receives a
reciprocatory movement from the connecting rod N, coupled to a crank (), keyed
on a secondary shaft P, which is actuated by gearing Q. The movement given
to this part is constant, the upper part M sliding on the lower part, as above
indicated. The two parts L and M are connected together by a spring R.
The front portion of the upper slide, say towards the axis of the machine, is
grooved or recessed to form a blank carrier. In its traverso movement it receives
from a supply hopper or magazine, a blank, which it carries forward to a point in
line with the axis of the machine, that is to say, exactly in front of the matrix,

page_text: where it is stopped for an instant. This stoppage, at the precise moment when
the blank is facing the matrix, is determined by an abutment m, fixed adjustably
on the slide M, coming in contact with a projection e of the frame.
The blank carrier nets in the following manner :-In its initial position, its
groove receives from the hopper placed above it a blank. It then advances
towards the axis of the machine. As it moves forward, the abutment m strikes
the fixed stope of the frame precisely at the moment when the blank exactly faces
the matrix, the upper slide M being arrested for a certain tine, while the lower
slide I continues its course, compressing the spring R.
This stoppage of the upper slide affords sufficient time for the introduction of
the blank into the matrix.
The following is the mechanism which nets to this effect.
The slide M has a pin perpendicular to its plane forming the pivot of a
bell-crank lever.
The longer arm S of this lever terminates in the form of a hammer, which
works freely in the groove of the slide carrying the blank, and serves, when
rocked on its pivot, to force the blank into the matrix. The rocking of the
lever S is effected at the proper moment by a finger S2 keyed on the secondary
shaft 1', coming in contact with the shorter arm S.
The lever and the finger are adjustable in their position in such a manner as to
be presented the one to the other at any determined moment.
When the finger S2 has passed the arm S', the carrier returns to its normal
position. At the same time a spring X returns the lever to its initial position, and
the blank carrier is also returned by its spring R to receive another blank from
the hopper.
The groove Jin the blank carrier (the size of which is regulated according to
the size of the rivet) is open at the top for nearly the whole of its length, and the
end which comes flush with the matrix is so formed as to ensure the easy intro-
duction of the blank, and to work without obstruction after the introduction of the
blank.
When once the blank is inserted in the matrix, it can be struck freely, and the
carrier then returns to receive another blank from the hopper.
After the head is formed, the rivet is discharged from the matrix, to make room
for another blank.
The discharging is effected by a pusher, which serves, at the same time, as a
resistance to the blow which forms the head. This pusher is actuated immediately
on the return of the saddle D, after the completion of the head of the rivet.
The rivet discharged from the machine falls at once through an opening U
formed in the frame, into a receptacle.
The pusher is composed, first, of a rod I, which is introduced from the back into
the matrix, and works therein.
The diameter of this rod, and the distance it penetrates into the matrix, vary,
and are determined according to the size of the rivet it is desired to form. This
rod is socketted into a rod V, (see the enlarged views Figs. 8, 9, and 10) fixed
at its rear end to a cross head V, on which are pivotted two levers V, having their
shorter arms kept apart by a spring e. The object of this spring is to maintain
these levers in a position parallel to the rod V, and in contact with a cross-piece W.
This piece W is connected to the saddle D by two long bolts F, so that these rods
work with the saddle D, and maintain always the same distance.
The two levers V are bent outwards at their front ends, so that when they are
advanced, and strike against a curved or rounded stop e, they will ride over this stop
and be caused to open out, thus compressing the spring r
The cross head Vi
slides on the two rods F, which guide it, and also carry springs between the cross
head V and abutments' fixed on the rods F. These springs are compressed by
the movement of the cross head Von the rods F¹, and serve to cause the rod
rapidly return to its place, and, in fact, cause the whole of the pusher to return to its
normal position after working.
to

page_text: The rod V is unchangeable in its dimensions, that is to say, it forms part of the
body of the machine, while the rod I is changeable according to the dimensions of
the rivet to be made.
The rod
enters the socket of the rod V to its full length, and is secured
therein by a wedge.
This rod has not only the function of discharging the rivet from the matrix,
but it has also to form the resistance to the blow of the head-forming tool D³.
To obtain this resistance, the rol V is furnishal at its end with a socket i (sec
Figs. 1 and 2), in which a slot is formed to receive a cottar, by which the two are
secured together.
A horseshoe shaped wo odge-piere T (Fig. 5), which rests against a block E'
cast with the frame, is in contact with the socket i, and regulate exactly the
distance of penetration of the rod I in the untrix, according to the length of the
rivet.
This piece T serves also as a stop to the return of the rod V, and of the whole
of the pusher. This piece T is adjustable vertically by means of a hand-screw,
so as to fix the exact amount of return movement of the rods 1 and V, under the
influence of the springs 7.
The horse-shue shape of this piece T allows for its being easily removed and
replaced, and also for the free movement of the col V through it, without either
of these pieces interfering with the other.
The levers
are formed with shoulders ², against which strike similar parts w
on the crosspiece W. The shoulders are renewable.
The pusher acts as follows:-
As soon as the rivet is formed, the cross-head returns, drawing with it the
piece W by means of the bolts F.
The shoulders in strike against the shoulders, and thus draw forward the
piece V, the rud V, and the road I, which latter enters the matrix, and forces out
the formed rivet.
When the rods 1 and V are advanced the length of the rivet, that is to say,
when the point of the rod I comes thush with the lace of the matrix, the work is
finished.
At this moment, the levers V e me into contact with the rounded stop e², and
they are rocked, so that the shoulders and are separated.
The piece V, the livers V, the rods V and 1, are freed, and, under the
influence of the springs y, are rapidly drawn back, in order to leave room for the
insertion in the matrix of another blank.
During the work of the die D, the piece W regains its position, to be ready to
renew the discharging operation.
It is easy to understand from the above description, the working of the machine
in its different combined operations, that is to say, the carrying of the blank
from the magazine to the matrix, the introduction of the blank in the matrix, the
formation of the rivet head, the forward movement of the pusher, and the retreat
of the same, the whole operation being automatic, in such a manner that the
manufacture is continuous,
To sum up, that which characterises my invention is the rapid introduction of
the blanks into the matrix, and the discharge, equally rapid, of the rivets, the
whole being elected automatically, so as to attain much more economically, a
much greater production than in the machines for making rivets actually in use at
the present time.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that f
claim is:-
1. An automatic machine for making rivets, consisting of a reciprocating die or
striker actuated by a connecting rod" from a crank shaft, an automatic feeding

page_text: (a) two slides, to one of which a regular reciprocating motion is given by a
secondary shaft, while the other slide which carries the blank has a
movement limited by a stop;
(b) a bell-crank lever, the short arm of which is rocked by means of a finger
keyed on a secondary shaft, while the longer arm pushes the blank into the
matrix a pusher connected to and moving with the die or hammer errier
or saddle, to discharge the finished rivet from the die, and springs, released
by a trigger arrangement, to return the pusher to its normal position, when
the operation is finished, the whole as described and represented in the
drawings.
2. In a machine for making rivets, an arrangement for automatically placing
the blanks, consisting of a lower slide, having a regular reciprocating movement;
an upper slide intended to receive a blank from a feed hopper, and to bring it to
the matrix, the movement of this slide being given by the lower slide, and being
limited by a stop: a bell-crank lover suitably rocked on its axis, the longer arm of
which is intended to force the blank into the matrix, as described above and
represented in the drawings.
3. In a machine for making rivets, a pusher intended to discharge the finished
rivets from the matrix, consisting of a rod fixed to a cross-piece actuated by
trigger-released levers carried by another cross-piece, so that these parts are
connected with the die carrier or saddle up to the moment when a stop causes the
trigger to act, and allows the return of the first cross-piece, under the influence of
springs, as described above and represented in the drawing.
4. In a machine for making rivets, the employment of a wedge-shaped block or
key to regulate exactly the position of the die on the cross-head, as above
described and represented in the drawing.
5. In a machine for making rivets, the employment of a horse-shou shaped
wedge or key, to regulate, at will, the position of the pusher in the matrix, as
above described and represented in the drawing.
Dated this 15th day of Tule 1996.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.