COMBINING A RESINOUS MATTER WITH OILS OR FATTY BODIES,DER TO OBTAIN VARIOUS USEFUL PRODUCTS THE
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Pierre Alexandre Leroux, Chemist, and Louis René
Martin, Merchant, both of Paris, in the Empire of France, for the
Invention of "COMBINING A RESINOUS MATTER WITH OILS OR FATTY BODIES,
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Pierre Alexandre Leroux and
Louis René Martin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition and Declaration, on the 22nd October 1855, pursuant to
the 9th Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
We, PIERRE ALEXANDRE LEROUX, Chemist, and LOUIS RENÉ MARTIN, Mer-
chant, both of Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of
our Invention for "COMBINING A RESINOUS MATTER WITH OILS OR FATTY BODIES,.
IN ORDER TO OBTAIN VARIOUS USEFUL PRODUCTS THEREPROM," to be as follows:―
This Invention principally relates to that property of the resin called Car-
naubat or Carnuba, or vegetable wax, of instantaneously solidifying oleaginous
bodies, either of animal or vegetable nature, without altering their combus-
tibleness. A proper combination and manipulation of those products will
afford an artificial tallow, which may be obtained in different states, more or.
less solid, according to the applications it is to be used for. This tallow has a.
melting momentum double of that of the common candle tallow; it is scentless,.
of a superior burning, and requires no snuffing of the candle.
All oleaginous and fatty bodies, either vegetable or animal, it has been said,-
are liable to being solidified by the resin above mentioned, but till the present

page_text: time, cocoa, poppy, nut oils have been deemed preferable, both for the moderate-
ness of their prices and the little manipulation or working they require in order
to be converted into artificial tallow fit for various useful purposes. We shall
now minutely describe the various means by which this our new trade is carried
into effect.
Taking two thousand pounds (avoir-du-poids) of artificial tallow fit for candle
manufacture, one thousand four hundred pounds of cocoa-nut oil, six hundred
pounds of resin called Carnaubat. We throw these substances into a tub
lined with a sheet of lead, which tub must be calculated to contain twice the
quantity of the substances that is to be treated. A worm for the circulation
of steam is secured from the bottom of the tub, up to the two-thirds of its
height, to the inside of the tub, and also two cocks to the same inside parts,
one at the bottom and the other one foot above the former. After putting the
said substances into the tub, the cock for the emission of steam is opened,
and the tub incessantly heated till the whole mass is completely liquefied.
When the work is gone so far on, twenty pounds (avoir-du-poids) of sulfuric
acid, diluted with twenty times the same quantity of water, are poured on the
substance; stirring goes on for about a quarter of an hour, and then the mixture
is let still, with only a sufficient heat for the said mixture being kept in a
liquid state. After two hours about stillness, the lower cock of the tub is let
open for the emission of acidulated water left at the bottom, which water
carries away along with it part of the strange matters therein. On the first
issuing of fatty particles, the said cock is shut up, and that for the emission of
steam let open; eight hundred pints of very hot water are poured on the mass
with a quarter of an hour's stirring, and the matter is left still again. As above
described, a sufficient heat is maintained for keeping the matter in a liquid
state, whilst the moulding is going on; the moulds may be made of any metal,
of any form and capaciousness. This first manipulation or working of the
matter effects the solidification of oils and other fatty matters, either vegetable
or animal, by means of the resin called Carnaubat. As to the other various
1
applications of the Invention, either to manufacturing soaps, or to lubricating
purposes, the quantity of oil to be used may vary from fifteen to thirty per cent.
to the resin, according to the more or less consistency that is to be given to
the product. If instead of oil any other fatty matter was to be solidified, the
quantity or parts of the fatty body used would increase in proportion to the
more or less solidity the product is to have. The said proportions will also
vary according to the circumambient temperature, that is, more parts of oil or
fatty matter are used in winter, & less in summer.
To apply the Invention_to_candle_manufacture, some-other-very-important

page_text: processes need be minutely described. As to what relates to the making of
wicks, the platting of them ought to be more or less tight, and the number
of threads used well determined in proportion to the more or less consistency
of the mixture and its melting momentum. The wicks we use and deem fittest
to combustion have ninety threads for the candles called six in the pound, and
eighty-one threads for those similarly called eight in the pound. The platting
or twisting is in three parts, and a little less tight than for stearic candles of
first quality; too great a tightness would impede the ascending progress of the
matter as combustion goes on. The wicks, once platted, are dipped into an
alcohol bath diluted with water, and in which a dissolution of boric acid is
poured, as is the case with stearic candles. Another no less important care
consists in dipping, previous to using them, the wicks into a bath prepared
with the artificial tallow, or rather into a mixture of stearine and wax. This
preparation is intended to facilitate the ascending progress of the matter, accord-
ing to the law of capillarity; all the particles of. a same body being congenial:
hence, a better light and more regular combustion. The moulding of candles
made of our artificial tallow is effected exactly in the same manner as is the
case with stearic candles; care ought to be taken also to have the wick twisted
so as its end may get untwisted in one hour's revolution. The bleaching of
our candles is effected as usual.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner in
which the same is or may be carried into effect, we wish it to be distinctly
understood, that what we claim as novel, and being secured to us by these
Letters Patent, is,-
First, the solidification of all oleaginous and fatty substances, either
vegetable or animal, by means of the resin called Carnaubat resin, as has
been described.
Second, the application of the same resin to the manufacture of candles,
soaps, and also for lubricating purposes.
In witness whereof, we, the said Pierre Alexandre Leroux & Louis
René Martin, have hereunto set our hand and seal, this Twentieth
day of October, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
S... Ge
P. A. LEROUX.
L. R. MARTIN.