IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING BOXES AND OTHER HOLLOW ARTICLES FROM PULP
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Seth Wheeler and Edgar Jerome, both of Albany,
in the State of New York, United States of America, but at
present of 33, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AND APPARATUS
FOR FORMING BOXES AND OTHER HOLLOW ARTICLES FROM PULP."
Sealed the 21st May 1875, and dated the 24th March 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Seth Wheeler and
Edgar Jerome at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 24th March 1875.
We, SETH WHEELER and EDGAR JEROME, both of Albany, in the
State of New York, United States of America, but at present of
33, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING BOXES AND OTHER HOLLOW ARTICLES FROM PULP,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to further improvements upon the Invention
for which we obtained Her Majesty's Royal Letters Patent, bearing date
the 7th day of May, A.D. 1873, No. 1649, and consists of an improved

page_text: machine to be used in forming the boxes and other hollow articles from
pulp, that is to say, a machine to be used instead of the apparatus, which
in the Specification of our said Patent of 1873 we call the "box former,"
and which is represented in elevation and partial section in Figs. 1 and 2,
and the details represented in Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 of tho
Drawings annexed to the said last mentioned Specification.
In the machine, the subject of our present Invention, the form carrier
or apparatus by which the perforated forms are carried to and from the
mould in which the box or other hollow article is formed is so con-
structed as that the form carriers are separate from and independent of
the apparatus by which they are moved, and they are moved in a hori-
zontal plane, by which means we are enabled not only to put the perfo-
rated form on to the form carriers with greater facility and therefore
with greater rapidity, but we can alter or change the forms and form
carriers with greater ease. The form carriers are moved on a circular
guide by an arm to which an intermittent motion is given by suitable
mechanism, and when one of the form carriers is brought into its position
under the mould it is raised up into the said mould, the pulp is then
admitted to the mould and a compound piston descends; this piston
consists of two parts, the outer portion of which is annular (cylindrical,
or otherwise as required), and acts as a valve to cut or shut off the
supply of pulp from the mould and descends; first, the inner portion
serves to compress the pulp in the mould at the time that the outer
portion of this compound piston descends, a communication being open
between the exhaust chamber of an exhaust pump and the interior of
the form carrier (which is hollow); the moisture is drawn or sucked away
from the article which is being formed in the mould, to aid which
removal of the moisture air is allowed to enter through small grooves or
apertures formed between the outer and inner portions of the compound
piston. When this has been partially accomplished the inner portion of
the compound piston descends and the sides of the mould are caused to
contract tightly about the form, compressing the pulp upon it, the com-
pressible sides of the mould are then relaxed, and the form carrier with
the box or other hollow article on the perforated form descends from
the mould, and is carried on the circular guide to the place where the
box or other hollow article on the perforated form is taken off the form
carrier and placed on the endless belt or chain of the dryer or drying
apparatus,

page_text: The form carrier is so constructed as that it can be readily adapted for
making both the box and box lid and also deep or shallow hollow
articles by simply turning round a ring on the outside of the form
carrier.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Seth Wheeler and Edgar Jerome in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 24th September 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, SETH
WHEELER and Edgar Jerome, both of Albany, in the State of New
York, United States of America, but at present of 33, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said Seth Wheeler and Edgar
Jerome, Her special licence that we, the said Seth Wheeler and Edgar
Jerome, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said Seth Wheeler and Edgar Jerome, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING BOXES AND OTHER HOLLOW ARTICLES
FROM PULP," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Seth
Wheeler and Edgar Jerome, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Seth Wheeler and Edgar Jerome
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner

page_text: the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon,
that is to say :-
This Invention relates to further improvements upon the Invention
for which we obtained Her Majesty's Royal Letters Patent, bearing date
the 7th day of May, A.D. 1873, No. 1649, and consists of an improved
machine to be used in forming the boxes and other hollow articles from
pulp, that is to say, a machine to be used instead of the apparatus which
in the Specification of our said Patent of 1873 we call the "box former,"
and which is represented in elevation and partial section in Figures 1
and 2, and the details represented in Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11
of the Drawings annexed to the said last mentioned Specification.
In the machine, the subject of our present Invention, the form carrier
or apparatus by which the perforated forms are carried to and from the
mould in which the box or other hollow article is formed is so con-
structed as that the form carriers are separate from and independent of
apparatus by which they are moved, and they are moved in a horizontal
or nearly horizontal plane, by which means we are enabled not only to
put the perforated form on to the form carriers with greater facility and
therefor with greater rapidity, but the water in the form carrier, form
and box, or other article thercon can readily drain off, and at the same
time we can alter or change the forms and form carriers with greater
ease. The form carriers are moved on a circular guide or table by arms
to which an intermittent motion is given by suitable mechanism, and
when one of the form carriers is brought into its position under the
mould it is raised up into the said mould, the pulp is then admitted to
the mould and a compound piston descends; this piston consists of two
parts, the outer portion of which is annular (cylindrical or otherwise
shaped as required), and acts as a valve to cut or shut off the supply of
pulp from the mould and descends; first, the inner portion serves to
compress the pulp in the mould at the time that the outer portion of
this compound piston descends, a communication being open between
the exhaust chamber of an exhaust pump and the interior of the form
carrier (which is hollow), the moisture is drawn or sucked away from
the article which is being formed in the mould, to aid which removal of
the moisture air is allowed to enter through small grooves or apertures
formed between the outer and inner portions of the compound piston.

page_text: When this has been partially accomplished the inner portion of the
compound piston descends, and the sides of the mould are caused to
contract tightly about the form, compressing the pulp upon it; the
compressible sides of the mould are then relaxed, and the form carrier
with the box or other hollow article on the perforated form descends
from the mould and is carried on the circular guide to the place where
the box or other hollow article on the perforated form is taken off the
form carrier and placed on the endless belt or chain of the dryer or
drying apparatus.
The form carrier is so constructed as that it can be readily adapted
for making both deep and shallow boxes, and also deep or shallow
hollow articles, by simply raising a ring or properly adapted sliding piece
on the outside of the form carrier.
And in order that our Invention may be more fully understood, we
will now proceed to describe the same with reference to the accom-
panying Drawings.
Figure 1 is a front clevation partly in section of our new machine;
Figure 2 is a back clevation of the same; Figure 3, a plan; and Figure 4,
a plan section below the contractile mould or through the line x, y, of
Figure 1.
Figures 5 and 7 are sectional views of the double piston F and G.
Figure 6 is a sectional plan of the outer portion of the piston F.
Figures 8, 9, and 10 are views of part of the auxilliary apparatus for
moving form carrier into position to be raised into the mould; and
Figure 11 is a sectional view of the form carrier T with a form placed
upon it. Similar letters of reference refer to like parts in all the
Figures.
The power is transmitted to the machine by strap to the pulley A
which is fast on the shaft B; this shaft B carries two bevel pinions C, C,
cach gearing with bevel wheels D and D' fast on the spindles E and E¹.
The former E has two cams G and G*; the latter E¹ two cams G¹ and G;
the cam G works against a friction roller which has its bearings in a
connecting piece g¹, the said connecting piece g' baving a longitudinal
slot through which the spindle E passes, the latter, videlicet, the spindle E
thus forming the support for the connecting piece g', as shewn. The
cam G serves to move the connecting piece g¹ forward or towards the

page_text: centre of the machine, the other cam G* works against the friction
roller which also has its bearings in the aforesaid connecting piece g¹;
the cam G* serves to move back the connecting picce G¹ by moving
against the friction roller 21. The spindle E' carries cams G¹ and G²
similarly formed and operated to the cams G and G*. The said cams G
and G² work against the friction rollers 7² and 13 and serve respectively
to move the connecting piece G forwards and backwards, the said con-
necting piece having a slot through which the spindle E' passes, the
latter thus forming a support in a manner similar to that shewn and
described with reference to the connecting piece g¹.
The connecting piece ¹ is at its inner end near the centre line of the
machine jointed to two pair of knuckle joint links (one pair of which,
fand f¹ only, is shewn on Figure 1). These knuckle joint links are
connected to a ring piston F (Figure 1), which serves as a slide valve to
cut off the supply of pulp between the pulp chamber H and the "form"
which is to receive the supply of pulp for the formation of a box or
other article thereon. The ring piston F is guided in suitable guides.
The connecting piece g² is at its inner end near the centre line of the
machine in a similar manner jointed to one pair of knuckle joint links g
and g*, of which g is jointed to the inner piston G which moves
within the ring piston F, and is itself guided in the guides G', as shewn
at Figure 1. The upper ends of the outer knuckle joint links f¹ and of
the inner knuckle joint links g* are jointed to a joint block, which is
adjustably fixed on a cross bar f².
The cams G, G*, G¹, and G² are so shaped and timed in their action
that the outer or ring piston F is caused to go down first, thereby
shutting off the supply of pulp after a definite quantity has been
admitted, and then the inner piston G* goes down and compresses the
pulp resting on the top of the "form," which pulp is to form the
bottom of the box. At the same time pressure is exerted all round the
sides or circumference of, the form, whereby the pulp deposited thereon
is compressed, and the sides or circumference of the box thus formed.
The pulp is admitted through the inlet pipe H' to the chamber H, and
is made to flow continually through the chamber, escaping at the
outlet H³ in order that the pulp may not settle in the chamber H so
as to become thick therein when the machine is making small articles
or temporarily stopped. When the machine is permanently stopped

page_text: however the supply of pulp should be shut off altogether by means of a
stop valve.
We will now proceed to describe the mechanism for actuating the
mould which we call "the contractile mould." The spindle E carries
at one end in front of the framing of the machine a crank disc O
(Figures 1 and 3), which by means of set screws 8, 8, and slots can be
adjusted to any desired position in order to regulate the intermittent
motion of the ring L, as more fully herein-after described. The crank
disc O has a crank pin p', the position or distance of which from the
centre of the disc can be somewhat adjusted. The crank pin p¹ works in
a slot in a connecting piece P, which is jointed to a connecting piece P¹,
the two connecting pieces at the upper part of their joint på being
formed with stops, so that they abut against one another and form a
rigid bar when the said common joint p² is moved downwards, and in
that case only does the connecting piece P communicate motion to the
connecting piece P₁; this latter is jointed to an adjustably fixed crank
pin p on the crank disc O¹. By this arrangement an intermittent partial
rotation is communicated to the crank disc O'. This latter also has a
stop peg O (adjustable in its position by means of an adjusting screw,
as shewn), which at the proper moment, that is, after the proper pressure
has been exerted on the circumference of the "form," or rather the
pulp deposited thercon it, the peg 02, breaks the joint p³ of the con-
necting pieces P, P', and stops the forward motion of the crank disc O'.
The spindle of the crank disc O' has a bevel pinion gearing into a
pinion ' on an upright spindle in the centre of the left hand part of
the framing of the machine. This spindle also carries a sector spur
wheel, which gears with a wheel segment L' on the ring L of the con-
tractile mould. By this means the intermittent partial rotary motion of
the crank disc O' is communicated to the said ring L.
) In order to bring the ring L back to its original position some spring
or counterweight mechanism may be adopted, but for this purpose we
have employed a pin d on the bevel wheel D (Figures 2 and 3), which
pin at the proper moment comes in contact with the hollow end of a
lever c (Figures 2 and 3), which lever is jointed to a small crank e on
5 the opposite end of the spindle of the crank disc O', the lever c being
held up by a spring, as shewn. The ring L fits in and on a stationary
ring frame L, which however is adjustable, so as to admit of different
thicknesses of followers or brasses for different depths of boxes or hollow

page_text: 13
articles, by means of the screws and , one on each side of the
machine, which screws can be turned by means of a crank or hand
wheel on the square end of the small spindle 1 (Figures 3 and 4), which
by bevel gearing is connected to the said screws 1, 1. The ring frame L²
has spokes or arms a, over which the guide pieces a¹ fit so as to slide
thereon. To the guide pieces a¹ are jointed the inner ends of the toggle
levers M', their other outer ends being jointed to the lugs M, which are
fixed to the ring L between the guide pieces L³ by means of bolts, as
shewn. The compressor brasses or followers a², which in this case are eight
in number, are so fitted to the guide pieces a¹ that they can be easily
disconnected and changed (when another size of box is to be made)
without at all disconnecting any other part of the mechanism of the
contractile mould. The brasses a² are in these Drawings shewn quite
shallow, as used for a box cover.
We will next describe the form carrier and mechanism connected
therewith. The spindle B carries at its outer end a bevel pinion C¹
gearing into the pinion C on an upright spindle I, which by bevil
wheels I and I (Figure 4) turns the horizontal spindle I'; this spindle
again turns the longitudinal horizontal spindle I' by bevil gear I³, Iº.
The spindle I' has a spur wheel Q, shewn in dotted lines, Figure 4, fixed
on it, which gears into another spur wheel Q', which is loose on a
spindle Q, but by an automatically worked friction brake arrangement
is intermittently brought into fixed connection with the shaft Q², on
which it fits. The shaft Q has a crank working in a horizontal slot in
a frame q (as shown more particularly at Figure 9), which latter is
guided on each side in vertical guides q', q', Figure 4. The frame q
is consequently intermittently worked up and down in its guides, the
upper part of this frame having a cross head formed like a piston, which
serves to raise or push up a form carrier with its form into the mould,
where the form receives its supply of pulp. This cross head is hollow,
and is by means of hose connection n² (Figures 2 and 4) placed in com-
munication with a suction pump; q is a counterweight for balancing
the weight of the form carrier and cross head.
Each form carrier is carried in an eye attached to an arm, consisting
in this case of three eyes and three arms S, S, S, all capable of moving
independently on one common centre, as shewn at Figure 4. This
centre consists of a central spindle t, Figure 4, which is rotated by a
bevil pinion on its lower end (Figure 1), which pinion receives constant

page_text: rotary mation from the spindle t, which spindle again receives rotary
motion from the spindle I³ (Figure 3) by means of bevel pinions t³ and t.
Each arm S has an eye, as aforesaid, in which a form carrier T is carried;
the arms S are successively carried round upon the circular guide or
table by means of a catch bolt V (Figures 1 and 4) fixed on the upright
spindle t. The bolt is pushed to one side or the other in the case in
which it slides by means of a stationary finger or cam piece v, which is
fixed in the under side of the ring frame L (Figures 1 and 3). The
action is such that each arm S in its turn when it approaches the mould
pushes forward the one in advance of it which has received pulp on its
form, and then takes its place in order to receive its supply of pulp on
its form.
We have said above that the arms S arc moved by the catch bolt V,
but in order to expedite the production of the boxes and as quickly as
possible to displace the form carrying the box thereon as it comes from
the mould, and to substitute another, we employ the following auxiliarry
mechanism: An arm n (Figure 4) is connected by a joint and spring
to the sleeve n¹ moving round the centre t, the object of this joint being
to allow the arm to be depressed by the pin S on the under side of the
form carrier, as herein-after explained. The said sleeve has also an
arm n², which by a rod n³ is connected to a crank pin in a disc n'. This
disc is connected to a spur pinion m that is actuated from a cam
on the crank shaft Q3 by means of a lever m² with segment wheel
(Figure 4).
The operation of this auxiliary mechanism is as follows:-As the
form carrier approaches the position to be raised into the mould a pin s
(Figure 1) on the under side of the arm S is taken hold of by a notch
at the end of the arm 2 (Figure 4), and by the revolution of the crank
shaft Q through the connections herein-before described the form carrier
is carried quickly by the arm n away from catch bolt on the revolving
arm and placed in position to be raised into the mould.
The upward movement of the slide q lifting the form into the mould
causes a pin n³ on the slide q (Figures 9 and 10) to press upon a bevilled
lever n, and thereby pushes back a projecting portion under the arm n,
and so depresses the jointed arm n, releasing it from the pin s, and by
the revolution of the crank shaft Q² the arm n is returned to its original
position ready to repeat the operation with the next succeeding form

page_text: carrier. To facilitate the taking hold of the pins by the notch on the
arm n there is an inclined plane or bevilled portion on the arm n in
advance of the notch, as shewn at Figure 10, on which bevilled portion
the pin S presses, and by overcoming the pressure of the spring under
the arm n depresses the arm n sufficiently to allow the pin s& to pass
easily into the notch.
The form carriers in their travel round the centre t slide with their
bottom on a circular guide or table formed in two parts, one of which X¹
is fixed, while the other X receives an intermittent up-and-down motion
by means of the crank shaft y', which actuates the slide x on the under
side of the movable part X. This slide x which carries the moveable
part X of the circular guide or table works in guides, as shewn, by
means of the crank shaft y¹ and suitable catch mechanism. The up-and-
down movement of the moveable part X is made intermittent, or with
stationary intervals, in order that the boxes with their internal forms
may be pushed off the form carrier without danger of damaging the
boxes, that is to say, the movable part X of the circular guide or table
when at its highest point remains there until it receives a form carrier,
and then descends until it reaches its lowest point, remaining stationary
at that point long enough for the box to be removed.
Figure 1 shews a small table or bridge Z over which the boxes are
moved on to the endless table or platform; this is accomplished in this
machine by means of the rod Y which is actuated by the cam y¹ working
against the counterbalance weight Y¹, but other equivalent mechanism
may be employed for this purpose.
Figures 5 and 7 are separate sectional views of the double piston F
and G shewing the grooves formed on the inner circumference of F
for the purpose of admitting air after the supply of pulp has been
cut off.
Figure 7 shews the inner piston G³ raised to admit air to the mould
after the supply of pulp has been cut off; Figure 5 shews the position of
the inner piston G³ when the air passages are closed.
Figure 6 is a plan section of the outer portion F of the double
piston.
Figure 11 is a separate vertical sectional view of one construction of
the form carrier T with a perforated form T placed upon it, the perforated

page_text: form being represented by a dotted line; a screw thread is shewn in this
instance on the outside of the form carrier T and a ring nut T¹ fitting
the same, whereby the depth of the box or cover to be made can be
regulated. This screw may however be dispensed with and a sliding
piece substituted for the ring, which sliding piece may be secured at the
necessary height by a pinching screw or key or other well known means.
The upper part T is made to take on and off, being secured or held in
its position by a screw or other well known means in order to change it
for various diameters or shapes of box or cover. The ring T³ may be
made so as to have its upper part changeable to suit various diameters,
but we also frequently make this ring T3 all of one piece as shewn. The
upper part T has grooves on its circumference, which grooves in the
Figure shewn in the Drawings terminate in a ring groove below the said
ring groove, communicating with the interior of the piece T* by means
of small apertures, but these grooves may be made in any other con-
venient manner provided they communicate with the interior of the
form carrier, or the grooves may be entirely dispensed with and openings
substituted for them, the object being to provide means for drawing
away the moisture from all parts of the pulp deposited on the outside of
the form.
The operation of the machine described is as follows:-The machino
having been set in motion the pulp which has been previously prepared
and reduced in any suitable receptacle to a sufficiently fluid state to
enable it to flow freely through the opening H¹ is drawn or forced there-
from by a centrifugal or other pump and is conveyed through a pipe
connected to the said opening H³ into the chamber H (see Figure 1), an
overflow opening H being provided so that the pulp may pass through
the chamber H and return by a pipe to the pulp receptacle. Meanwhile
one of the form carriers T, having on it a perforated form T%, as shewn in
Figure 11, has been pushed below the chamber H by the mechanism as
herein-before described, and with the "form" is raised the required
height into the mould by a crank on the shaft Q acting on a sliding
frame g. The pistons F and G' are now raised by the action of the
cams G, G*, G³, G³, and knuckle joint levers f,f¹, 9, 9*, so as to allow
a supply of pulp from the chamber H to flow over and round the
"form"
now in the mould. This effected the outer ring piston F
descends and cuts off the supply of pulp, while an exhaust pump by
means of the pipe n² draws off the moisture from the pulp thus enclosed

page_text: through the perforations in the form T and grooves and perforations in
the upper part T* of the form carrier T, and thence through the hollow
"form" carrier T (shewn more particularly at Figure 11 of the
Drawings), air being at the same time admitted to the enclosed pulp
through flutes or grooves formed on the inner circumference of the ring
piston F (as seen more particularly at Figures 5, and 6, and 7, of the
Drawings). At this stage of the operation the inner piston G³ which is
actuated by the cams G1, G2, and knuckle joint levers g, g*, is caused to
descend from the position it is shewn as occupying at Figure 7, to the
position shewn at Figure 5, the communication between the pump and
atmosphere through the grooves in the outer piston F being cut off by
this movement of the inner piston G³ which also compresses the pulp
upon the top of the "form," thus making the bottom of a box or top
of a box lid or other hollow article, at the same time that the sides are
similarly compressed and formed by the contracting cordon or ring of
brasses or "followers" a³, the mode of operating which has been already
described in the former part of this our Specification. When the box,
box lid, or other article has been thus compressed and formed, parts of
the mechanism begin to return to their former position, that is to say,
the ring of brasses or followers a² are caused to expand by the
movement of the ring releasing the sides from their pressure. The
form carrier T and "form" are now caused to sink (by the action
of the crank on the shaft Q³) carrying with them the box or article
just formed. It is to be noticed that at this stage during the descent of
the "form" carrier the partial vacuum in its interior causes the newly
formed box and "form" to adhere to the "form" carrier and thus
insure their coming out of the mould and prevents any liability of
their being retained in the mould which might otherwise happen.
As soon as the "form" carrier T has descended from the mould the
next succeeding "form" carrier pushes it on to the movable part X of the
circular guide or table and takes its place in position to be raised into the
mould. And the movable part X of the circular guide or table with
the first "form" carrier T and newly made box or article on it is
operated from the crank shaft y and slide a, so as to sink when the
form carrier rests entirely upon it. The cyc or collar upon the
extremity of the arms S however does not sink, but as the form carrier
descends the eye or collar strikes against the projecting part or flange of
the upper portion or ring T³ of the form carrier T and strips the "form"

page_text: with the newly made box or article on it off from the form carrier T
and maintains the "form" T" with the box or article at its own level, so
that when the "form" carrier T has been traversed round upon the
movable part X by the arm V until it has been brought opposite to
the table Z the "form" carrier has entirely receded or passed out of
the form and newly made box or article, which now rest wholly upon
the ring T3 (Figure 11) of the arm S and are caught by a finger situate
at the upper part of the lever Y and swept or drawn over the table Z to
the endless carrying band z by which they are transported to any con-
venient drying apparatus or receptacle. The "form" carrier T having
passed this point the movable part X of the circular guide or support
begins to ascend to the level of the other and fixed part X', lifting with
it in its ascent the " form carrier T so as to be in readiness to be
supplied by a fresh "form" and again thrust beneath the mould as
already described and so on continuously.
"
Although we have described our modus operandi with reference to
one "form" carrier only and although three such "form" carriers are
shewn upon the Drawings, it is to be understood that any suitable
number of such may be employed and that we do not limit ourselves to
the precise details of mechanism hercin-before described, as it is evident
that many of these may be easily modified without departing from our
Invention, but what we do claim as the Invention secured to us by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,—- .
First. The improved mode or method herein-before described of
forming boxes and other hollow articles from pulp by admitting air to
the mould, after the pulp has been admitted in combination with the
exhaustion of air through the article formed in such mould prior to the
compression of the article in the mould, whereby we are enabled at a
greater speed to produce a more perfect article.
Secondly. The machine or apparatus substantially as herein-before
described and shewn in the Drawings hereunto annexed to be used in
the manufacture of boxes and other hollow articles from pulp.
Thirdly. The means or apparatus substantially as herein-before
described and shewn in Figures 5, 6, and 7, of the Drawings hereunto
3 annexed to be used in the manufacture of boxes and other hollow
articles from pulp for compressing the pulp in the mould, and also for
admitting air to the mould in the manner and for the purpose herein-
before described.

page_text: Fourthly. The construction and use of the form carrier T or any mere
modification thereof, substantially in the manner and for the purposes
herein-before described.
Fifthly. The means substantially as described and shewn separately
in Figures 4, 8, 9, and 10, of the Drawings, whereby a form carrier may a
be brought into proximity to be raised into the mould at the same time
that the operation of forming a hollow article from pulp is going on
upon another form on a form carrier then in the mould.
Sixthly. The means substantially as described and shewn more par-
ticularly on Figures 1 and 4 of the Drawings for removing a form 1
carrier from the mechanism which has lifted it into and withdrawn it
from the mould, and for substituting on the said lifting mechanism
another form carrier for that which has been so removed.
Lastly. The adjustment of the ring L³ relatively to the chamber H, in
the manner and for the purpose substantially as herein-before described, 1
and shewn in Figures 1, 2, and 4, of the Drawing.
In witness whereof, we, the said Seth Wheeler and Edgar Jerome,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Thirtieth day of
August, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-five.
2