IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS, STEAM ENGINES, AND IN SLIDE VALVES FOR STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Moy, of 37, Farringdon Street, in the City of
London, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS,
STEAM ENGINES, AND IN SLIDE VALVES FOR STEAM ENGINES."
201
1317
TOM
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Moy at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th April 1877.
THOMAS MOY, of 37, Farringdon Street, in the City of London, Engineer. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS AND STEAM ENGINES, AND IN SLIDE VALVES FOR
STEAM ENGINES."
My Invention has reference to steam boilers, whether combined with steam
engines inside the reservoir, such as those described in the Specification of a Patent
granted to me and Richard Edward Shill, dated 18th Oct. 1871, No. 2762, and
also in the Specification of a Patent granted to me, dated 25th of August 1875, No.
2977, or without the combination of such engines therewith, and with the modifi-
cations and improvements herein-after stated.
A certain portion of the steam generating tubes are arranged in such a manner
that the sides of the furnace (except where the fire-door is placed), and in some
cases the fire-bars also, are composed of tubes filled with circulating water.
The plate in which the ends of the tubes are inserted may be either rectangular,
circular, elliptical, or of other suitable form, the tubes being arranged in each case in
such a manner as to surround the furnace inore or less completely, and arrest and
absorb the radiating heat, and also the heated gases, in their passage to the flue.
The tubes are also arranged so as to adapt them for the better staying of the tube
plates, and rendering such plates capable of resisting the internal pressure of the
steam with a less thickness of metal than heretofore, thereby diminishing the
necessary weight of the plates.
Such reservoirs are sometimes constructed so that the fire-door can be inserted in
the reservoir.
Boilers constructed as above stated are also applicable for baths, hot-houses,
kitchen ranges, and other heating purposes.
In some cases the reservoir and generator are combined with the form of engine
described in the Specification of a Patent granted to Daniel Kemp West, dated 21st

page_text: Feb. 1874, No. 662, in such a manner that the engine and generator form one
structure.
The said reservoir and generator are sometimes also combined with quick_speed
single-acting two, three, or four cylinder engines, whether simple or compound.
For aeronautical purposes, in some cases, may be used a generator and reservoir
of a circular form, with radial single-acting engines acting on a cam-formed wheel
with antifriction rollers, so as to reduce the number of working parts, and make the
action as direct as possible.
The slide valves of engines are sometimes worked as required by means of a pro-
jection from the piston acting on the curved face of an aperture in the valve, or the
cavities may be in the pistons and the projections on the valves; in other cases, by
mitre gear with an excentric in the valve box; and in other cases, by a cam motion
from the axle by means of a partially rotating and reciprocating lover applied to the
valve.
The slide valve has an extension of the lap, such extension being of a "gridiron "
form, and the induction ports are of corresponding form; and the steam is cut off at
any required portion of the stroke by imparting to the slide valve a lateral motion
in addition to the ordinary longitudinal motion. Slide valves of this kind may be
used in the various descriptions of engines referred to either with or without the
said tubular generators and reservoirs; they may also be used in quick speed single-
acting compound engines with one or more annular cylinders; and they may also be
used with quick speed single-acting engines in combination with pumps.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Thomas Moy in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th October
1877.
་
THOMAS MOY, of 37, Farringdon Street, in the City of London, Engineer. "I-
PROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS AND STEAM ENGINES, AND IN SLIDE VALVES FOR
STEAM ENGINES."
My Invention of "Improvements in Steam Boilers and Steam Engines, and in
Slide Valves for Steam Engines" has reference to steam boilers, whether combined
with steam engines inside the reservoir, such as those described in the Specification
of a Patent granted to me and Richard Edmund Shill, dated Eighteenth October,
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, No. 2762, and also in the Specifi-
'cation of a Patent granted to me, dated Twenty-fifth of August, One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-five, No. 2977, or without the combination of such engines
therewith, and with the modifications and improvements herein-after stated.
A certain portion of the steam generating tubes are arranged in such a manner
that the sides of the furnace (except where the fire-door is placed), and in some
cases the fire-bars also, are composed of tubes filled with circulating water.
The plate in which the ends of the tubes are inserted may be either rectangular,
circular, elliptical, or of other suitable form, the tubes being arranged in each case
in such a manner as to surround the furnace more or less completely, and arrest and
absorb the radiating heat, and also the heated gases, in their passage to the flue.
The tubes are also arranged so as to adapt then for the better staying of the tube
plates, and rendering such plates capable of resisting the internal pressure of the
steam with a less thickness of metal than heretofore, thereby diminishing the
necessary weight of the plates.
Such reservoirs are sometimes constructed so that the fire-door can be inserted in
the reservoir.
"
Boilers constructed as above stated are also applicable for baths, hot-houses,
kitchen ranges, and other heating purposes.
In some cases the reservoir and generator are combined with the form of engine

page_text: described in the Specification of a Patent granted to Daniel Kemp West, dated
Twenty-first February, One thousand eight hundred and soventy-four, No. 662, in
such a manner that the engine and generator form one structure.
The said reservoir and generator are sometimes also combined with quick speed
single-acting two, three, or four cylinder engines, whether simple or compound.
For aeronautical purposes, in some cases, may be used a generator and reservoir
of a circular form, with radial single-acting engines acting on a cam-formed wheel
with antifriction rollers, so as to reduce the number of working parts, and make the
action as direct as possible.
The slide valves of engines are sometimes worked as required by means of a pro-
jection from the piston acting on the curved face of an aperture in the valve, or the
cavities may be in the pistons and the projections on the valves; in other cases, by
mitro gear with an excentric in the valve box; and in other cases, by a cam motion
from the axle by means of a partially rotating and reciprocating lever applied to the
valve.
"
The slide valve has an extension of the lap, such extension being of a "gridiron
forin, and the induction ports are of corresponding form; and the steam is cut off
at any required portion of the stroke by imparting to the slide valve a lateral
motion in addition to the ordinary longitudinal motion. Slido valves of this kind
may be used in the various descriptions of engines referred to either with or
without the said tubular generators and reservoirs; they may also be used in quick
speed single-acting compound engines with one or more annular cylinders; and
they may also be used with quick speed single-acting engines in combination with
pumps.
Having thus stated the nature of the said Invention, I will describe more parti-
cularly in what manner the same is to be performed by the aid of the accompanying
Drawings, in which are represented steam boilers, engines, and slide valves con-
structed and arranged in the manner above referred to.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figures 1 to 7 inclusive represent what I call the square or rectangular form of
boiler.
Fig. 1 is a front view of the front half of the reservoir and receiver, which is cast
in two parts; and Fig. 2 is a back view of the back half thereof, the left-hand side
of Fig. 2 showing the holes made in the tube plate to receive the tubes, and the
right-hand side showing the tubes in their places. The two halves are screwed,
bolted, and rivetted together, and, with the tubes properly fitted, form one boiler.
Fig. 3 is an inside view of the front of the reservoir and receiver (by preference,
though not of necessity, cast in one); and Fig. 4 is an inside view of the back part
of the reservoir and receiver (also in one).
Fig. 5 is a side view of the reservoir and receiver bolted together and made steam
and water tight, and showing one of the outer ranges of tubes, marked c in Figures
2, 5, 6, and 7, and one of the inner ranges of tubes, marked d in the same Figures.
Fig. 6 is a section through the line a, b, of Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, showing one
inner and one outer range of tubes.
Fig. 7 is a vertical section through the line e, f, of Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4.
The several tubes are fitted into the tube plate, as shown, and properly expanded
so as to resist the pressure of the steam and water. The rectangular water chamber,
with which the open ends of the tubes are in free communication, is nearly filled
with water to a suitable level, and upon a fire being made in the space under the
tubes d, d, and between the two sets of tubes c, c, a rapid natural circulation of the
water is caused to take place, and when steam is formed it passes through the shallow
channels, marked g, g, in Figures 3, 4, 6, and 7, into the upper chamber or receiver,
from whence it passes to the engine through the steam pipe h.
Suitable gauges, feed pumps, safety valves, and other apparatus as usually supplied
to steam boilers are added, but are not shown in the Drawings nor otherwise referred
to, as such matters are well known, and need not be described.

page_text: The caloric, which passes through the tubes and is received by the water con-
tained therein, causes such water to ascend, and its place is supplied by the cooler
water entering the lower ends of the tubes from the reservoir, and thus a continuous
circulation ensues; and in order that the descending current in the reservoir may
not be interrupted by the ascending bubbles of steam from the upper ends of the
tubes c, c, baffle plates i, i, are fitted, as shown in Figures 4 and 7, whereby the
ascending currents from the tubes c, c, are separated from the descending currents of
water. A door is fitted in order to enclose the space x, which door may be opened
in order to afford the facility for sweeping away soot from the upper sides of the
tubes d, d.
This form of boiler may be modified by making its general form circular, elliptical,
oval, or otherwise, to suit different requirements.
Modifications of this form of boiler, combining the arrangement of tubes herein-
before and herein-after described, may be adapted and used for baths, hot-houses,
and kitchen ranges.
Figures 8, 9, and 10 represent another arrangement suitable for burning gas or
petroleum as fuel. is the reservoir, and is the door through which the gas or
petroleum is inserted.
Fig. 8 represents on the right hand the outer series of tubes, and on the left band
the holes for the outer series and the outsides of the inner series.
Fig. 9 represents the whole of the tube plate with the holes drilled therein for the
insertion of the respective tubes.
Fig. 10 is a side elevation of the boiler.
The outer series of tubes may be placed in a vertical position by omitting to drill
the holes marked m (Figures 8 and 9), and placing the tubes in the style or manner
shown in Figures 2, 4, 5, 6, and 7.
In each of the foregoing arrangements suitable masonry, brickwork, or other.
non-conducting materials are built up or fitted as an outer casing to enclose the
tubes and confine the heat, and such other parts thereof are properly lagged or
coated with suitable materials to prevent loss of heat by radiation; and where
necessary, when thin and very light materials are made use of for the reservoir, stays
are inserted to strengthen the saine.
Figures 11 and 12 represent another arrangement of the Invention, Fig. 11 being
an elevation with one side removed, and Fig. 12 a plan of the same. o is the reser-
voir and steain chest, with openings at p, p, to which steam chest the tube plate q
is bolted. The circulating water tubes d, d, are arranged as shown, the lower row
of tubes being arranged as fire-bars, but ordinary bars may be used instead. The
whole furnace being enclosed in suitable non-conducting materials, the baffle plate r
is made to reach completely across from one side to the other, and the heated gases
are caused thereby to follow the course indicated by the arrows, and after passing
round the reservoir and the steam cylinders (if any), herein-after next mentioned,
such gases pass away into the chimney or fluc s, as shown. One, two, or more steam
cylinders may be conveniently cast in one in this structure, extending from the
upper flange to the lower, adding strength to the flat plates, and being kept warm
by the heated gases on their passage to the chimney. The cranked axle is suitably
placed either above or below the cylinders, and connected by suitable bearings to
the reservoir.
Fig. 13 represents another modification of the same, in which the tube plate q is
flat, and the reservoirs y, z, are semicircular, the upper one being larger than the
lower in order to allow of sufficient steam space. The curved pipe or pipes are to
return the water for circulation. This form of boiler is designed for lightness.
Figures 14 and 15 represent another modification, in which the circulating water
is kept confined at sufficient pressure to prevent steam from forming until it has
passed the valve v, shown in Figure 14. This valve is kept screwed down to such a
pressure that the heated water passes into the steam chest w, when the feed pump
by its action overcomes this valve, whereby a small quantity of water is projected
into the steam chest. This steam chest is subdivided, as shown in Fig. 15, and tubes

page_text: being arranged as shown, the water expands into steam, and as it travels through
the successive pipes and chambers, communicating as shown, such steam takes up its
required quantity of caloric, and becomes thereby fit to do its work in the steam
cylinder.
Fig. 15 is a representation of the steam chest with half the tube plate removed on
the right hand to show the divisions therein.
Fig. 16 represents a reservoir and steam chest cast in one, with six cylinders
(shown by dotted lines) extending from one side to the other, such cylinders by their
position strengthening the two sides, and receiving from the heated water a suitable
amount of caloric to reduce liquefaction of steam while working. On one side may
bo placed a circular valve and valve cover, and in the centre the driving shaft.
The several arrangements herein-before described are interchangeable, and are not
repeated herein to prevent the Drawings from becoming too numerous.
Figures 17 to 29 inclusive represent forms of single-acting quick speed steam
engines.
Fig. 17 will be clearly understood from the Drawing. a, a, are the steam ports;
e, the cavity covering the eduction ports; at f, f, are two cavities, formed as shown,
into which the projections on the pistons g,g, enter alternately at each half revolution
of the crank, and thereby actuate the valve, which remains stationary during a con-
siderable part of a semi-revolution of the crank.
Instead of the projections being formed on the pistons, as shown, they may be
fixed to the valve and project into the piston, which may have suitable cavities
formed therein to produce the same motion.
The same modification may be made use of in the variation of this part of my
Invention, shewn in Fig. 21, where a cone is used on each piston, and suitable
cavities are made in the valve to coincide therewith. The cones may be placed on
the valve face, and the conical cavities may be turned in the valve.
The eduction passage is shown at h, Figures 17, 21, 24, 25, and 26, to which a
pipe may be fixed at i.
Fig. 19 is a top view of the slide valve shown in Figure 17; and Fig. 20 is a view
of the face of the same valve.
Fig. 18 is a plan of the top of the cylinder facing, Fig. 17.
Fig. 22 is a vertical section on the line y, 2, of Fig. 17.
"
Fig. 24 is a bottom view of Fig. 17; and Fig. 25 is a bottom view of Fig. 23.
Another mode of actuating the valves is shown in Figures 23 and 20. A hole is
bored at to receive a rod, at the upper end of which is attached a short crank
arm with an enlarged end as a substitute for a crank pin, which works the valvo
by pressing alternately the flanges shown in the Drawing; the lower end of this
rod receives its motion from the circular cam m, which has a suitably formed curved
groove therein to effect the necessary reciprocating motion.
Instead of either of the above ineans of actuating the valve, a rod similar to that
last mentioned may be kept revolving by mitre gear or otherwise, and having an
excentric at the valve end thereof, may be made to actuate the valve by means of
such excentric; and by making such excentric capable of slipping round its rod to
the point of reverse motion, the engine may be driven in either direction.
Figures 27, 28, and 20 represent the form of valve for compound engines. Tho
Figures explain themselves, n being the high-pressure cylinder, and o the low-
pressure cylinder. By using four cylinders with cranks at respective angles of
ninety degrees, successive expansions may be adopted, the high-pressure cylinder
only receiving steam direct from the boiler, and the steam expanded therefrom into
the remaining cylinders; or, if preferred, two couples or one couple may be used as
compound engines.
Fig. 30 is a longitudinal section of cylinder ports and slide valves at half stroke.
The induction ports and the valve are formed on the gridiron principle. The face
plate is formed as shown in plan in Fig. 31, and the valve is formed as shown in
plan in Fig. 32.

page_text: Fig. 33 is another longitudinal section showing the valve at full stroke to the
left; and Fig. 34 is a plan of the same with the induction ports fully open; and
Fig. 35, a plan of the same with the ports closed.
If the valve is worked as an ordinary valve without any lateral motion, the
induction ports do not open at all, and the engine will stop; but if the valve receives
a reciprocating motion across the valve face, the respectivo ports are opened for a
longer or shorter period accordingly; and by varying the amount of the latter
motion, the amount of expansion can be controlled as desired.
In Fig. 36 one mode of effecting the necessary lateral motion is shown. This
Figure represents the outside of a valve box. p is the ordinary valve rod
attached to the usual buckle, but the buckle is made to fit the valve at front and
back only, so that the valve may have sufficient play therein; the pin q has a
sliding piece fitted to it, which slides in the yoke (shown by dotted lines), whereby
the motion of the crank arms is communicated to the valve, and the ports are
opened and closed as required without interfering with the action of the ordinary
'excentric. The arm & may be connected to the governor, and thereby the action is
rendered automatic.
The advantages to be derived from the use of this form of valve are as follows:-
First. One valve will effect all degrees of expansion.
Secondly. Very little lap is required, and consequently only a short stroke is
necessary and a small excentric.
Thirdly. Ordinary non-expansive engines can be easily altered to this plan by
putting on a new face plate and valve.
And, lastly. The motion of the valve is reduced in amount as the amount of
expansion is increased, thus reducing the power consumed by the valve motion with
the reduction of power from increased expansion.
The above plan admits of several modifications for fixed and variable expansion.
The valve may be fitted on the open system, that is, to keep the ports in line with
the spaces of the valve when the expansion gear is not in action.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I hereby declare that what I claim as of my Inven-
tion is,―
First. The several arrangements of circulating water tubes herein-before described
for the several purposes herein-before mentioned.
Secondly. The several arrangements of single-acting steam engines with the
several modes of actuating the slide valves herein-before described.
And, lastly. The combination of a gridiron valve and the common slide valvo in
one structure with suitable ports, as horein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Moy, have hereunto set my hand and
Beal, the Eleventh day of October, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven.
Witness,
WILLIAM SPENCE,
8, Quality Court,
Chancery Lane.
THO. MOY. (L.S.)