IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRAWING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES IN DRAWING AND SPINNING FRAMES." SUBSTANCES IN DRAWING AND SPINNING FRAMES
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Combe, of Starbeck, York, Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRAWING FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES IN DRAWING AND SPINNING FRAMES."
SUBSTANCES IN DRAWING AND SPINNING FRAMES."
Sealed the 6th August 1867, and dated the 15th February 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Combe at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th February
1867.
I, JOHN COMBE, of Starbeck, York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRAWING FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES IN DRAWING AND SPINNING FRAMES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in guiding and supporting the fibres of the
sliver or rove under operation by causing it to partially lap round the
circumferences of the drawing and retaining rollers, so as in its course to
describe the figure of the letter S. In connection with these rollers I use
either single pressing rollers or a series of pressing rollers with an endless
flexible band passing round them, so that the longer fibres in passing round

page_text: the circumference of the retaining rollers will be retained by a successively
diminishing number of the series of pressing rollers, and vice versâ will be
seized by a successively increasing number of the series of pressing rollers
applied to the drawing roller. I make the retaining rollers moveable, so as
vary the distance between them and the drawing rollers to suit the length of
fibre of the material operated on, to which also the diameters of the drawing
and retaining rollers are made suitable. For flax, rove, or other wet spun
material I make the retaining rollers move downward at an angle of 45° to
the perpendicular, and I immerse the lower portion of the retaining roller in
a trough containing hot or cold water. I make the wheel on the retaining
roller shaft, and the pinion on the drawing roller shaft, gear into one another,
and both changeable, so that with one plane of gearing the reach and the
draft may be varied as required.
My Invention consists, secondly, in substituting a series of rollers with a
flexible endless band passing round them for the single drawing and retaining
rollers above described, so that the sliver or rove may be drawn and
retained in a straight line instead of in two curves connected by a common
tangent.
My Invention consists, thirdly, in using a reduced diameter of drawing and
retaining roller and placing between them an intermediate roller made with
a continuous surface or with its circumference formed in a series of smooth
cross bars or small rollers having a motion given to it intermediate to that of
the drawing and retaining rollers respectively, and under which roller so
provided the sliver or rove is led when undergoing the elongating action of the
drawing and retaining rollers. In spinning wet rove this intermediate roller
is immersed in the water trough, and when the fibre of the rove is so long as
to require it I use two endless chains carrying cross bars which drop into
indentations of the drawing roller with single pressing roller instead of the
single drawing roller of reduced diameter, or with dry sliver or rove I use
the series of drawing and pressing rollers with endless bands as above
described.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Combe, Her special licence that I, the said John Combe,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
John Combe, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR DRAWING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES IN DRAWING AND SPINNING
FRAMES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Combe,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Conibe, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention consists, firstly, in guiding and supporting the fibres of the sliver
or rove under operation by causing it to partially lap round the circumferences
of the drawing and retaining rollers so as in its course to describe the figure
of the letter S. In connection with these rollersI use either single pressing
rollers or a series of pressing rollers with an endless flexible band passing round.
them, so that the longer fibres in passing round the circumference of the
retaining roller will be retained by a successively diminishing number of the
series of pressing rollers, and vice versa will be seized by a successively
increasing number of the series of pressing rollers applied to the drawing
roller. I make the retaining rollers movable so as to vary the distance
between them and the drawing rollers to suit the length of fibre of the material
operated on to which also the diameters of the drawing and retaining rollers
are made suitable. For flax rove or other wet spun material I make the
retaining rollers move downward at an angle of 45° to the perpendicular, and
I immerse the lower portion of the retaining roller in a trough containg hot
or cold water; I make the wheel on the retaining roller shaft and the pinion

page_text: on the drawing roller shaft gear into one another, and both changeable, so
that with one plane of gearing the reach and the draft may be varied as
required.
C,
Figure 1 of the annexed Drawings is an elevation, and Figure 2 a plan of
portions of a spinning frame constructed according to my Invention. a, a,
is a portion of the main framing, it is not shown in Figure 2; b, b, is a rail
supported by the main framings and carrying a series of brackets c, which
carry bushes or sockets in which revolves the shaft d, d, carrying the drawing
rollers e, e...
The brackets c, c, also carry a sliding bracket f, f, shewn in
Figure 1, but supposed to be removed in Figure 2. The sliding bracket f; f,
carries the retaining roller g, g, round which the rove h, h, passes subject to
the Dip of the pressing roller i, i, carried by a small lever j,j, which is acted
on by a weight or spiral spring (not shown) in the direction of the dotted
line.
For wet spinning the bracket f, f, also carries a trough k, k, supplied
with hot or cold water, through which the rove is carried by the lower
portion of the roller from which the rove passes on to and round the
periphery of the drawing roller e, e, subject to the nip of the pressing roller 1, 1,
carried by the lever m, m, which is actuated in the direction of the dotted
line by a weight or spiral spring not shewn, from the nip of which drawing
and pressing rollers the yarn being spun passes down to the spindle top
carrying the usual flier and bobbin; connected with the sliding bracket f, f, is a
rack o, o, the teeth of which are in gear with a pinion p, p, a series of which
are carried by the shaft q in connection with the series of brackets carried by
the rail b, b. By turning the shaft q' the entire series of retaining rollers are
made to move to or from the drawing roller according to the length of fibre
of the rove under operation. One end of the shaft d carries a pinion gearing
into a wheel on the end of the retaining roller shaft, which wheel and pinion
are made changeable and of such numbers as the length of reach and draft
spun to require.
In drawing slivers a similar arrangement of rollers with greater, breadth
of face and more powerful pressing rollers is required, the retaining roller is
then made to slide to and from the drawing rollers in a horizontal direction;
which arrangement is also applicable to dry spinning frames more especially
for short fibred material.
Figure 3 is a side view of the arrangement of a series of pressing rollers
with an endless flexible band passing round them as a substitute for the single
pressing rollers above described. In this Figure a, a, is the drawing roller,
and b, b, the detaining roller, and c, d, e, f, and g, h, i, j, respectively the two
series of pressing rollers with endless flexible band passing round them. Of

page_text: the series of pressing rollers I make c and ƒ and g and j with flanges to retain
the flexible band in its place, and I either make all of the rollers of the
two series of partially elastic material, so as to give the requisité pressure
from a fixed pivot adjustable by a screw; or I make the two extreme
rollers of the series c and j of inelastic. material, and produce the pressure
from them by means of a lever and spiral spring or weight as above
described.
My Invention consists, secondly, in substituting a series of rollers with
a flexible endless band passing round them for the single drawing and
retaining rollers above described, so that the sliver or rove may be drawn and
retained in a straight line instead of in two curves connected by a common
tangent.
Figure 4 is a side view of a series of rollers with endless flexible bands, in
which a is the rove or sliver entering between the two series of detaining
rollers, and 6 is the yarn or sliver issuing from the series of drawing rollers.
Of these rollers c, d, e, and f are driven, and g and h are hung on levers
with weights or spiral spring, and the other rollers of the series are mado
of elastic material and fixed on adjustable pivots or studs.
My Invention consists, thirdly, in using a reduced diameter of drawing and
retaining roller and placing between them an intermediate roller made with
a continuous surface, or with its circumference formed in a series of smooth
cross bars or small rollers having a motion given to it intermediate to that of
the drawing and retaining rollers respectively, and under which roller so
provided the sliver or rove is led when undergoing the elongating action of the
drawing and retaining rollers. In spinning wet rove this intermediate roller
is immersed in the water trough.
Figure 5 is a side view of arrangement with intermediate roller, in which
c, c, is the intermediate roller which for wet spinning is partly immersed in
water in the trough f, f, and in which a, a, is the detaining roller; b, b, the
drawing roller with their attendant pressing rollers e and d; and g is the rove
or sliver; and his the yarn or reduced sliver. The intermediate roller is
driven at a surface speed intermediate of that of the detaining and drawing
rollers. When the fibre of the rove is so long as to require it I use
two endless chains carrying cross bars, which drop into indentations of
the drawing roller instead of the single drawing roller of reduced diameter.
Figure 6 shews a side view of an apparatus which for long fibred material
takes the place of the rollers 6, b, and e described in Figure 5. It consists of
endless chains which are provided with cross bars which drop into indentatious
in the driving roller a, a. The chains are kept at stretch by the bearing

page_text: roller b. With dry sliver or rove I use the series of drawing and pressing
rollers with endless bands, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Combe, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this 13th day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-seven.
JOHN COMBE. (L.8.)