IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE PASSAGE OR FLOW OF LIQUIDS, FOR RAISING AND FORCING FLUIDS, AND FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER; ALSO IN MEANS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PARTS OF SUCH APPARATUS."
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Walter Payton, of 70, Sewardstone Road, Victoria,
Park, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE PASSAGE OR FLOW OF LIQUIDS,
FOR RAISING AND FORCING FLUIDS, AND FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER; ALSO
IN MEANS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PARTS OF SUCH APPARATUS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Walter Payton at the.
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
November 1865.
I, WALTER PAYTON, of 70, Sewardstone Road, Victoria Park, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE PASSAGE OR
FLOW OF LIQUIDS, FOR RAISING AND FORCING FLUIDS, AND FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE
POWER; ALSO IN MEANS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PARTS OF SUCH APPARATUS,"
to be as follows:-
Within a chamber formed of parts of two cylinders I apply axes, one to
the centre of each part cylinder, and upon each of these axes I apply
vanes extending from near the axis to the periphery of its part cylinder.
These vanes, in place of being radial, are of a curved form, the curve
gradually progressing from near the centre to the outer extremity, and is
such that the vanes of one axis may work in between those of the other,

page_text: and yet maintain continuous contact one with that of the other, whilst
other of the vanes are at their outer edges in contact with their respective
interior cylindrical surfaces of the case. The ends of such vanes move freely
though in contact with the case. The axes are geared together. Water or
other liquid acting on these vanes will cause their rotation, by which a motive-
power engine is obtained, and each rotation of them will form a measured
quantity, which may be indicated by index apparatus applied to one of the
axes. By giving motion to the axes to cause the rotation of the vanes a
gas exhauster, a pump, or apparatus for raising and forcing fluids is
obtained. In these cases a foot valve or valves may be used.
In order correctly to cut or form these vanes I employ the following
apparatus: The vanes of each part cylinder are placed upon separate
revolving bearings, between which is placed a slide rest, with supports for
cutting tools, capable of adjustment. Upon each of these revolving bear-
ings is applied a ratchet wheel, each of which is taken into by a separate
click or driver, and each of these clicks or drivers is carried by a separate
arm from a separate hollow axis, each carrying a toothed wheel. Each of
these hollow axes encloses a revolving bearing, and the teeth of these
toothed wheels take into each other and into the teeth of racks in a reci-
procating frame, in the to-and-fro motion of which an intermittent rotary
motion is communicated to the rotary bearings and the vanes carried
thereby. Stops hold the parts of the revolving bearings during the return
motion. This reciprocating frame has also applied to it an inclined bar,
which is adjustable and passes through or governs the motion of the support
to the cutting tools to cause such support to travel in an angular direction.
The slide rest is adjustable, as is also the angle of the tool holder on such
slide rest; and thus whilst one cutter is cutting that portion of a vane nearest
its axis, another cutter is cutting the portion of another vane furthest from
its axis and progressively changing. The support to the cutters on this
slide rest is also capable of progressive motion across each vane.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Walter Payton, Her special licence that I, the said
Walter Payton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Walter Payton, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE PASSAGE OR
FLOW OF LIQUIDS, FOR RAISING AND FORCING FLUIDS, AND FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE
POWER; ALSO IN MEANS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PARTS OF SUCH APPARATUS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Walter Payton, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Walter Payton, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :--
My improvements relate, first, to means or apparatus for measuring the
passage or flow of liquids, and which are also applicable to raising or
forcing fluids and to obtaining motive power. Secondly, my improvements
relate to means or apparatus for the manufacture of parts of such apparatus.
But that the Invention may be fully understood I will by the aid of
the accompanying Drawings proceed to describe means pursued by me in
carrying the same into effect.
In carrying out the first part of the Invention I apply axes within
a chamber formed of parts of two cylinders, one axis being applied to
the centre of one part cylinder and another axis to the centre of the other
part cylinder. Upon each of these axes I apply vanes extending from
near the axis to the periphery of its part cylinder. These vanes, in place
of being radial, are of a curved form, the curve gradually progressing from

page_text: near the centre to the outer extremity, and is such that the vanes of one
axis may work in between those of the other, and yet maintain continuous
proximity one with that of the other, whilst other of the vanes are at their
outer edges in or nearly in contact with their respective interior cylindrical
surfaces of the case. The ends of such vanes move freely though in or
nearly in contact with the case. The axes are geared together. Water or
other liquid acting on these vanes will cause their rotation, by which a
motive-power engine is obtained, and each rotation of them will form a
measured quantity, which may be indicated by index apparatus applied
to one of the axes. By giving motion to the axes to cause the rota-
tion of the vanes a gas exhauster, a pump, or apparatus for raising and
forcing fluids is obtained. In these cases a foot valve or valves may
be used.
Figure 1 shows an external edge view, Figure 2 an external front view,
and Figure 3 a back view of apparatus for the purpose of measuring the
passage or flow of water or other liquid; Figure 4 is a section through the
lines 1, 1, Figure 1; Figure 5 is a section through the lines 2, 2, of
Figure 1; Figure 6 is a general transverse section of the apparatus, and
Figures 7, 8, 9, and 10 show parts separately. In each of these views.
the same letters indicate corresponding parts wherever they occur. a, a,
indicates the main casing, in which is formed the chamber composed of two
part cylinders a¹, a', to receive the axes 6, 6, and their vanes 61, 61;
one end of each of the axes 6 is supported in recesses formed for them in
the casing a, whilst the other end of each of these axes is supported by
passing through holes formed for them in the plate c, which also serves at
that part to enclose the chamber a¹, and form a plane surface for the ends
of the vanes b¹ to work against. These vanes 6', it will be seen, in place
of being radial, are of a curved form, the curve of each gradually progressing
from near the centre or axis 6 of each as indicated to the outer extremity
thereof, where it moves against the surface of its chamber a', such that the
vanes of one axis work in between those of the other, and so that the
vanes of one axis as they approach those of the other maintain continuous
proximity. The axes 6 are formed square at 6*, and fit into corre-
spondingly formed portions of the vanes b¹, thereby retaining the vanes 61
in correct refation. Upon each of the axes b is affixed a toothed wheel
62, and the teeth of one of these tooth wheels work into those of the other.
One of these wheels 62 is capable of slight adjustment to admit of adjust-
ment of the vanes of one axis to those of the other. Upon one of the

page_text: axes b, in the chamber e, is also affixed a worm wheel d, which takes into
and drives the tooth wheelf affixed on the axis f¹, which turns in bearings.
a², and has applied to it the worm wheels, the teeth of which take into
the teeth of a wheel g, shown by red line in Figure 5.
This wheel g is
affixed upon an axis g¹, which passes through a stuffing box to the outside
of the apparatus, where it receives a pinion or worm wheel to give motion
to a series of wheelwork and suitable index to indicate the number of
revolutions obtained to the vanes b, b, by the pressure of the liquid passing
through the apparatus, and consequently the quantity of such fluid so
passed; h is the inlet passage for the fluid; i is the outlet passage thereof;
a³ is a cap screwed on to the part a at a* to form the chamber e; a³ are lugs
by which the apparatus may be held in position by screws or otherwise. By
applying suitable gear or a pulley to receive a strap or band to an axis
driven by one of the axes b, then an engine constructed as described may
be converted into a motive-power engine, the power exerted depending on
the height or pressure of the column of liquid acting on the vanes b¹,
considered in relation to the size of those vanes. By applying a handle or
other power to give motion to the axes b, b, and a pipe to the inlet passage
i, having a suitable valve therein to retain the water when raised, with the
inlet pipe dipping into a well or other reservoir, an engine so constructed
may be converted into a pump or instrument for raising or forcing fluids,
or it may be used as a gas exhauster. Apparatus thus arranged is shewn
at Figure 2.
I will now describe the second part of my Invention. In order correctly
to cut or form these vanes I employ the following apparatus :-The vanes
of each part cylinder are placed upon separate revolving bearings, between
which is placed a slide rest with supports for cutting tools capable of
adjustment; upon each of these revolving bearings is applied a ratchet
wheel, each of which is taken into by a separate click or driver, and each
of these clicks or drivers is carried by a separate arm from a separate
hollow axis, each carrying a toothed wheel. Each of these hollow axes
encloses a revolving bearing, and the teeth of their toothed wheels take
into each other and into the teeth of racks in a reciprocating frame, in
the to-and-fro motion of which an intermittent rotary motion is communi-
cated to the rotary bearings and the vanes carried thereby. Stops hold
the parts of the revolving bearings during the return motion. This
reciprocating frame has also applied to it an inclined bar, which is adjust-
able and passes through or governs the motion of the support to the cutting

page_text: tools to cause such support to travel in an angular direction. The slide
rest is adjustable, as is also the angle of the tool holder on such slide rest ;
and thus whilst one cutter is cutting that portion of a vane nearest its
axis, another cutter is cutting the portion of another vane furthest from its
axis and progressively changing. The support to the cutters on this slide
rest is also capable of progressive motion across each vane. Figure 11
shows a side view, Figure 12 an end view, and Figure 13 a longitudinal
section of apparatus arranged to act according to this second part of the
Invention Figure 14 shows an opposite end view of the same apparatus,
with some of the parts removed in order that other of the parts may
be more clearly seen; Fig. 15 is a transverse section; Figs. 16 and 17
are side and end views showing some of the parts only. In each of
these Figures the same letters are employed to indicate corresponding
parts.
A is the table of the machine; A¹, supporting legs; B is the main or
driving axis, which is supported so as to revolve in the stationary bearings
A carried by the framing A. On this axis B is affixed the pulley B¹,. with
varying speeds, to receive a strap or band from a steam engine or other
suitable power.
B2 is a fly wheel, also affixed to this axis to equalize its
motion. On the opposite end of this axis B is affixed the plate C, with a
dovetail groove C¹ to receive a sliding plate C³, capable of being fixed by
set screws C³ as required, in order to vary the extent of motion to the pin
C carried by the plate C2, and the extent of motion imparted by the
pin C by the connecting rod D to the arm E at each revolution of the
axis B. The connecting rod D is connected to the arm E by a pin D¹,
and the arm E is affixed on a rocking shaft E', which is supported to make
partial rotations or rock in the bearings A³ carried by the plate A, and
thence to give motion to the various parts, as will presently more clearly
appear. Supposing it be desired to cut or form truly two series of
vanes to work together, as described under the first head of the Invention,
then these axes with their vanes will be affixed in separate mandrils z, z,
and applied one to one of the two axes F and the other to the other of
those axes F, in position to be acted upon by cutters G, G, carried by the
travelling table H, and they are fixed on the ends of the axes F, F, in such
manner that one cutter may commence to cut across the surface of a vane
6¹ of an axis 6 carried by one axis F at its smaller diameter, and pro-
gressively outwards, whilst the other cutter will act to cut across a vane b¹
of an axis b affixed on the end of the other axis F at its larger diameter,

page_text: to a fresh cut.
and progressively to its smaller diameter, and so on with each of them in
pairs.
For this purpose the axes F, F, have progressive step-by-step
rotary motion given to them, whilst the cutters have a corresponding
motion given to them in a direction to cut across the vanes to and fro, and
a progressive side-way motion after each of such cross cuts and previous
Motion to the axes F, F, is obtained in the following
manner-Upon the axis E' is affixed an arm I, which by pin joint I' is
connected to the rod I, which by pin joint I is connected to the lever
arm I fixed on the shaft Is, upon which is also affixed the arm I', which
at its other end is by pin joint 17 connected to one end of the connecting.
rod I, the other end of which is by pin joint I connected to one end of
the lever arm I, which turns freely upon the boss of the wheel J, and at
its other end carries a click or driver 1", which takes into the teeth of the
ratchet wheel J affixed on the axis J¹, which is supported so as to turn
freely in fixed bearings carried by the standard A* from the table A; upon.
this axis J is also affixed a screw wheel J, which takes into the worm
wheel Js affixed on the shaft J. In order to provide for wear and conse-
quent. looseness between the teeth of the wheels J and Js, and to give
facility for tightening in the event of such wear, the wheel J³ is divided
in the direction of the line J* (Fig. 11) into two parts, which are held
correctly, with capability of adjustment in relation to each other by set
screws. In the event of any looseness from wear or otherwise between
the teeth of these wheels J and J³, by turning one part of the wheel Jo
slightly on the other any degree of tightening desired may be obtained.
K is a click to take into the teeth of the ratchet wheel J and prevent back
motion thereto. On the axis J' is affixed the plate J, with adjustable
stud Je capable of being shifted on that plate Jo and set as required.
This stud J receives one end of a connecting rod J', the other end
of which is received on to a pin Je carried by the plate Jo, in order that a
progressive vertical motion may be imparted to the plate Jo, first in one
direction and then in the opposite direction in the step-by-step rotary
motion of the plate J. The plate Jo is held in the vertical standard A6,
but with capability of vertical motion therein. To the plate Jo are also
affixed two racks L, L; the teeth of one of these racks take into the
teeth of a pinion L'affixed on the hollow shaft L³, capable of revolving
on one of the shafts F, and the teeth of the other rack L take into the
teeth of a pinion L' affixed on the hollow shaft L³, which is capable of
revolving on the other shaft or axis F. Upon each of these hollow shafts

page_text: or axes is also affixed a toothed wheel L³, the teeth of which take into
each other. Upon each hollow shaft L is also applied an arın L* carrying
each a stud L³, upon which is formed a click or driver L, and also
a square block L*, which is acted upon by a spring L** to keep the click
in position. The outer ends of these clicks are capable of acting in
recesses formed for them in rims F formed respectively on wheels F*
affixed one on each of the axes F, so as to impart a step-by-step rotary
motion simultaneously to the two shafts F, F, and consequently to man-
drils z, z, and vanes 6¹ for the time applied at the ends of such axes or
shafts F, F. L³ are clicks, the end of each of which on the return motion
of the clicks LB passes into recesses L' to prevent back motion to the
wheels F. The to-and-fro motion is obtained to the cutters to enable them
to cut across the vanes by means of an arm M affixed to the axis E¹, and
rising up to between.lugs on the under side of the slide H, which is capable
of movement in guides N, N, formed on or affixed to the plate N¹, which
is supported with capability of transverse motion between the V guides
N', N, carried by the standard A'. This plate N¹ is formed to receive a
pin N from a plate N*, which embraces the two edges of the inclined
bar N carried by the plate J, and which is capable of being set at
different angles and held by a set screw N° on the plate Jo, by which
in the step-by-step up or down motion of the plate Jo a step-by-step
motion will be imparted to the plate N¹ and to the cutters G in one or
the other direction, depending upon the direction of motion for the time
of the plate J; the transverse motions of the cutters will be imparted
simultaneously with a partial rotation of the axes F and the mandril z,
acting for the time to carry vanes 61, 61; in order that after each motion of
the cutters to or from the plate N¹ across one of the vanes supported by
each axis F, they may then move with those vanes a distance equal to
that of a cut, so as to cut progressively the whole surface of each of those
vanes. O, O, are fixed standards with centres O¹ adjustable by screws 0%,
to facilitate the correct setting and holding of the mandrils z, z, on the
ends of the axes F, F.
Having thus described my Invention, and means which I adopt in
carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise details shown and described, as these may
be varied without departing from the peculiar character of either part of
the improvements; but what I do claim is,-
First, the arranging or combining apparatus, whereby vanes b', b¹, are

page_text: caused to act together in a suitable chamber for the purpose of measuring
the passage or flow of liquids, or for raising and forcing fluids, or for
obtaining motive power in manner substantially as explained.
Secondly, I claim the arranging or combining means or apparatus
acting in manner substantially as described under the second head of these
improvements.
In witness whereof, I, the said Walter Payton, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
WALTER PAYTON. (L.s.)