IMPROVE- MENTS IN HEATING AND VENTILATING CHURCHES AND OTHER BUILDINGS AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles James Henderson, of Coltbridge Hall, Murrayfield,
in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HEATING AND VENTILATING CHURCHES AND OTHER BUILDINGS AND
IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles James Henderson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd November 1878.
CHARLES JAMES HENDERSON, of Coltbridge Hall, Murrayfield, in the County
of Mid Lothian, North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND VENTILATING
CHURCHES AND OTHER BUILDINGS AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE-
WITH."
This Invention consists in raising heat in the inner part of a stone chamber ad-
joining the church or building, either under or on a level with the floor, and
admitting it to the church or building by a narrow opening of about two or three
square feet dimensions and about six feet or so above the floor.
The stone chamber to be in two divisions, one of which containing the stove or
stoves to be lined in preference with polished tin or other metal, the outer portion
separated from the inner by a brick wall or otherwise in which the front of the
stove or stoves to be built in and to contain fuel to supply the stoves with. A
doorway or opening to be in this wall for the admission of cold air when required
for ventilation.
Access to outside from the outer portion by a doorway.
Stoves to be constructed with the largest amount of radiating metal and to be pro-

page_text: vided with two or more pipes (before entering the chimney) to carry off the
smoke, and these as well as the stoves to be provided with gills or flanges and
to be in bent form, and where much heat required the number and not the size of
_the_stoves.to be increased..
For more rapidly drawing off the heat from the metal of the stoves a fan to be
-placed in the-stove chamber-to-be-driven from the outer division, and only
a very small quantity of cold air to be admitted, the object being to send in
-heat-to the church or building contained in as small a portion of air as
possible; by the use of the fan a large portion of the heat usually wasted up the
chimney will be saved.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Charles James Henderson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st
May 1879.
CHARLES JAMES HENDERSON, of Coltbridge Hall, Murrayfield, in the County
of Mid Lothian, North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND VENTILATING
CHURCHES AND OTHER BUILDINGS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
This Invention has for its object improvements in heating and ventilating churches
and other buildings, and in apparatus connected therewith.
For this purpose I impart the heat requisite to warm the building to a very small
quantity of air, and this air in a highly heated state I admit into the building at a
few feet above the floor.
There results from this method of warming great uniformity in the distribution
of temperature over the whole area of the floor of the building.
I prefer to proceed in the following manner:-I construct, in brickwork or other
suitable material, a chamber adjoining the church or building and situate either
below or on a level with the floor. I divide this chamber by a wall or otherwise
into two divisions, an outer and an inner, division. The inner division contains
the heating apparatus which is arranged to expose an area of heating surface,
and is otherwise of dimensions suitable to the size and condition of the building to
be heated.
The heater which I prefer is that known as Perkins' hot-water apparatus, in
which highly heated water is enclosed in wrought-iron pipes of comparatively small
diameters. Other stoves or heaters may however be employed.
The outer division of the chamber contains the stove front and from it the fire or
fires is or are fed. The division should be of dimensions convenient for this pur-
pose. The inner division of the chamber should be of no larger size than is necessary
conveniently to contain the heating apparatus, and air as pure as is obtainable
is admitted to it by a passage in which there is a slide or door giving the means
of regulating and reducing to a very small quantity the air passing in.
Nevertheless, this passage should be of such a size that when fully opened a large
volume of air may be able to enter.
This air inlet may be simply by a doorway provided in the wall separating the
inner and outer divisions of the chamber, and the regulation of the current may be
effected by means of the door, but I prefer to admit the air by a grating in the floor
of the inner division of the chamber by a tunnel passing to the outer air. In this
tunnel I arrange a regulating slide and in some cases it may be desirable to provide
arrangements for straining or purifying the air as it passes along the tunnel.
The
outlet for the heated air from the inner division of the chamber, which is also the
inlet to the church or building, should be by an horizontal passage about seven or
eight feet from the floor of the building. This aperture in a church of ordinary
dimensions should be about one foot wide by from three to six feet long.
An economy of fuel may be effected, especially when the warming apparatus is
only occasionally used, by lining the inner division of the chamber with tin or other
metal plate, which should be kept bright.
In the wall or partition between the outer and inner division I prefer to provide
a small window glazed with stout glass, in front of which I provide a thermometer
by which the temperature in the inner division of the stove chamber may be ob-
served. I consider 250 to 300 degrees a suitable temperature to maintain in the
inner division of the stove chamber when warming the building, but a higher tem-
perature may be kept up, especially where the air is derived from a pure source or
is efficiently purified before entering the chamber. The way of withdrawing the
vitiated air from the building forms no part of my Invention, but I prefer that there
should be a number of air flues concealed in a pilaster rising to the roof of the building
where they discharge into the cavity of the roof or directly into the open air.

page_text: opened at pleasure.
This forms a very efficient arrangement for withdrawing the vitiated air, but my
heating apparatus may be applied with advantage even when the means for with-
drawing the vitiated air are inadequate, and in such cases it is sometimes advisable
to apply a fan or blower to pass the air from the stove chamber.
Whilst the church or building is being warmed only a small quantity of air
should be admitted into the inner stove chamber, so that the high temperature
already referred to may be maintained therein. When, however, the building is
already thoroughly warm, is occupied by many people, and requires ventilation, a
large volume of air may advantageously be admitted through the stove chamber.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I claim the means of and
apparatus for heating and ventilating churches and other buildings, consisting of a
chamber through which air may be passed either in very small or large quantity at
pleasure, in which also the air may, by a suitable heating apparatus, be very highly
heated, and from which the air is passed into the church or building at a few feet
above the floor, substantially as described.
.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles James Henderson, have hereunto set
'my hand and scal, this Eighteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.
CHARLES J. HENDERSON. (L.S.)