IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDS AND CORES AND IN MOULD AND CORE LININGS AND FACINGS FOR METAL CASTINGS, AND IN MATERIALS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Denton Abel, of No. 20, Southampton
Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDS AND CORES
AND IN MOULD AND CORE LININGS AND FACINGS FOR METAL CASTINGS,
AND IN MATERIALS EMPLOYED THEREFOR."-A communication from
abroad by William Hainsworth, of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, in the
United States of America.
Sealed the 19th April 1872, and dated the 15th February 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Denton Abel
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 15th February 1872.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings,
3 Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDS
AND CORES AND IN MOULD AND CORE LININGS AND FACINGS FOR METAL CASTINGS,
AND IN MATERIALS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in treating pulverized coke with sour beer.

page_text: fire-clay water, molasses, or other similar suitable fluid such as will
give a proper adhesiveness to the mixture as a material for moulds or
cores for casting metals, or as a lining or facing for such moulds or
cores; and it also consists in moulds and cores made of or lined with
such material. The entire body of the mould or core may be made of
such material or only the face of it on or against which the casting is
to be done; but in this latter case the lining or facing should be of
some considerable thickness, by which fact such a lining or facing is
distinguished from a mere "wash" applied to the face of a sand mould
by means of a painter's brush.
For reasons well known to those skilled in the art the making of fine
castings, particularly of steel in ordinary sand moulds, is attended with
serious difficulty, to overcome which (the melting of the silex of the
sand among others) flour, charcoal, and other articles have been mixed
with the sand; also a thin wash made up of various ingredients has
been applied to the inner face of the mould, but this has proved
insufficient to prevent the "fluxing of the silex.
"
In the present Invention the coke being first finely pulverized is
mixed or "wet up" to about the consistency of putty by the use of sour
beer, molasses, or fire-clay water, or other similar and suitable fluid, the
object being in the use of such fluid to increase or add to the adhesive
properties of the coke so that the mass when mixed up shall possess
the proper tenacity. The fire-clay should be as free as possible of all
solid silicious matter. After the mass is well stirred and worked the
mould or core, as the case may be, is made in the same manner as from a
sand. Or the mixture may be laid on and over the face of the pattern
and the remainder of the mould be made up of sand or other suitable
material in the usual way.
The object of the lining or facing when the material is used as such
is to prevent the destructive action of the heat of the molten metal on
the silex of the sand, or in other words to prevent the "fluxing" of any
of the ingredients of the sand part of the mould, or if such fluxing is
effected to prevent its injurious action on the face of the metal which is
being cast before it shall have "set" or become sufficiently cooled.
When steel is to be cast the moulds or cores should be baked in an
oven at about the same temperature and for about the same length of
time as dry sand moulds or cores are baked.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Denton Abel in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 12th July 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the
thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Charles Denton Abel, Her special
licence that I, the said Charles Denton Abel, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles Denton
Abel, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDS AND CORES AND IN MOULD AND CORE LININGS AND
FACINGS FOR METAL CASTINGS, AND IN MATERIALS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," a com-
munication to me from abroad by William Hainsworth, of Pittsburg,
Pennsylvania, in the United States of America, upon the condition

page_text: Second. Moulds or cores made of or lined with pulverized coke
mixed up with a suitable fluid possessing adhesive properties, substan-
tially as specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Denton Abel, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
CHA³. D. ABEL. (L.S.)