CERTAIN IM- PROVEMENTS IN PRINTING
Year: 1822

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Jonn
BOLD, of West Street, Long Lane, Bermondsey, Printer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth did,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of that part of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, bearing date at
Westminster, the Fourth day of July, One thousand eight hundred and
twenty-two, in the third year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the
said John Bold, my exors, adñors, and assigns, His especial licence, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said John Bold, my exors,
adñiors, and assigns, during the term of years therein mentioned, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within that part of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, the Dominion of
Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IM-
PROVEMENTS IN PRINTING;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a
proviso, that if I, the said John Bold, shall not particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, and cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent, that then the said Letters Patent and all liberties
and advantages whatsoever thereby granted, shall utterly cease, determine,
and become void, as in and by the same (relation being thereunto had) will
more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that, in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Bold, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described
and ascertained in and by the Drawing hereunto annexed, and the following
description thereof (that is to say):-
:-
In the Drawing, Fig. 1 is a side elevation, Fig. 2 a plan, and Fig. 3 an
end view, of my quadruple printing machine, in all of which said Figs., as
well as in the others, the same letters and figures of reference apply to the
similar parts of the machine. A, A, &c. are the four pairs of standards which
support the machine; B, B, &c., diagonal stays which serve to strengthen the
framing; C, C, &c., a wood or cast-iron frame forming the basis of the machine,
and to which the lower ends of the standards A, A, &c. and stays B, B, &c. are
affixed; each of the four pairs of standards are united at their upper ends to
a cross bar, which is shewn endways at D in Figs. 3 and 4. E in Fig. 4 is a
ledge on the cross bar, having three ears F, F, &c. with screwed holes in each,
as shewn in the plan of it at Fig. 5. Upon the ends of these twelve screws the
two cast-iron tables G, G, &c. are supported, and can be adjusted as required in
use. H, H, &c. are two rails or ribs, which are supported upon steps made in
the upper ends of the standards A, A, &c., and secured firmly thereto by the
screws I, I, &c.; the upper faces and sides of these rails are made as nearly
flat and straight as possible, and upon them roll the four wheels J, J, &c.,
which support and allow the carriages K, K., &c. to be moved backwards and
forwards, as will be described hereafter. The wheels J, J, &c. are lodged in the
boxes made in the sides of the carriages K, K, &c. to receive them, and they
turn upon pins properly secured in the boxes. The two sides of the carriages
are connected or held together above by the two cross bars or plates L, L,
&c., which are secured by screws upon the tops of the caps of the four head-
stocks. or plummer blocks M, M, &c.; in these head-stocks are contained the
brasses N, N, &c., in which the necks or pivots of the two pressing cylinders
0, 0, &c. turn; adjusting screws, P, P, &c. and Q, Q, &c. are placed above
and below the brasses. to regulate the action of the pressing cylinders. The
cylinders may either be made solid of cast iron, or cast hollow and be filled with
lead for the purpose of giving them additional weight, or they may be pulled
down by means of additional wheels fixed to the carriages, and' made to act
against rails-placed underneath and parallel with the upper ones. One mode
by. which I cause the carriages to move backwards and forwards alternately is
as follows: R, R, &c. in Figs. 2 and 3, is an axis with necks or pivots,
turning in brasses affixed in the sliding or adjusting headstocks S, S, &c.,
which are situated underneath the rails H, H, &c.; near the ends of this axis

page_text: are affixed the stud wheels T, T, &c. Two other stud wheels U, U, &c. are
likewise affixed on au axis turning in brasses fixed in head-stocks in a similar
position with the headstocks S, S, &c. Two endless chains V, V, &c., having
open links made in them at equal distances apart for the studs on the wheels
T, T, &c. and U, U, &c. to enter, communicate motion from the one pair of
stud wheels to the other. Upon the same axis with the stud wheels U, U,
&c. two other studs wheels W, W, are affixed, from which two endless
chains X, X, &c. communicate motion to the two stud wheels Y, Y, &c.,
which are placed upon an axis with necks turning in brasses mounted in
adjustable headstocks affixed underneath the rails H, HI, &c. The endless
chains X, X, &c. carry the sockets Z, Z, &c., one of which is shown separately
in Figs. 6 and 7, and into which are received the studs a, a, &c., which are
affixed at one end of each of the two connecting rods b, b, &c., and one of
which studs is shewn separately at a in Fig. 8. It will be seen that a groove
or channel c is made near the end of this stud, into which the screw d of the
socket Z, Fig. 6, enters, and thus prevents the stud from coming out of the
socket, whilst at the same time it allows the socket to turn round the stud;
the connecting rods b, b, &c. have sockets e, e, &c. at their other ends, which fit
upon pins f, f, &c. (one of which is shewn separately in Fig. 9), and which
are screwed into the pieces g, g, &c., which descend on each side of the
carriage K, K, &c.; the sockets Z, Z, &c. and the studs a, a, &c. are thus
carried along with the endless chains X, X, &c., and by their progress commu-
nicate a backward and forward alternate movement to the carriage K, 'K, &c.,
as before mentioned. h, h, &c. are two bars screwed to the sides of the
tables G, G, &c., and the upper edges of which bars rise a little above the
surfaces of the tables; upon one of these bars the toothed rack i, i, &c. is
fixed; upon each axis of the pressing cylinders a toothed wheel k; k,'&c: is
fixed, which work into the rack i, i, &c. &c. The pitch lines of the teeth of
these wheels and of the rack should be exactly at the level of the surfaces-of
the types laid upon the tables, in order to insure clear printing. The pressing
cylinders o, o, &c. are clothed with printers' blanketting, and which is
covered with linen cloth, the edges of which are laced together, as shewn at
j, j, in Fig. 2. A recess or groove l'is made along each cylinder, as shewn in
section at Fig. 10, for the ends of the blanketting and lacing to lodge in, and
which lacing is afterwards drawn tight into the grooves by means of iron bars
with holes made all along them to receive screws, which enter into screwed
holes made in the cylinders to receive them. At one end of each cylinder a
groove is made around them to receive the edges of the linen cover, and which
are secured therein by gathering them together with whipcord, &c. To the

page_text: other ends of the pressing cylinders circular plates are affixed by screws after
the other edges of the linen covers have been in like manner gathered together
and secured so as to draw the cloths tight upon the blanketting. m, m, &c.
are the three inking troughs, which have three ears n, n, &c., with long holes
in them, one of which is shewn in Figs. 4 and 11, and through which holes
screws aro passed which affix the troughs to the ends of the tables G, G, &c.
The ends of the troughs are closed by cast-iron plates screwed thereto, as
shewn in Fig. 11; and between these plates and the ends of the troughs pieces
of leather are placed in order to close them, and prevent the escape of the
printing ink. In these end plates are made upright grooves to receive the
brasses o, p, Fig. 11, in which the necks or pivots 9 of the cast-iron feeding
rollers turn; these brasses rest upon the adjusting screws r, r, &c., and they are
pressed down upon the screws by the curved springs s, one of which is shewn
separately in Fig. 12. These springs are placed underneath the caps t, t, &c.,
which are screwed upon the tops of the upright grooves. The brasses o and p
are prévented from coming out of the upright grooves endways by means of
solid projecting rings made upon the ends of the necks or pivots q, q, &c. of the
cast-iron feeding rollers u, u, &c., as shewn in Fig. 13. The leathers above
mentioned also press against the ends of the feeding rollers, and prevent the
escape of the printing ink. The bottoms of the inking troughs m; m, &c. turn
up, and form the straight edges v, v, &c., which perform the office of ductors or
scrapers, and in order to strengthen them they are made considerably broader in
the middle below. In the caps t, t, &c., are made forks or guides to receive the
necks or pivots of the three elastic rollers w, w, &c. Upon one end of the axis
of each of the three cast-iron feeding rollers u, u, &c. an endless screw wheel
x, x, &c. is affixed, these are driven by the three endless screws y, y, &c. Two
of the said screws are right-handed, and one of them left-handed, and all of
them are firmly affixed upon the axis, ; this axis has three necks or pivots
turning in pivot holes made in the three pieces 1, 1, &c., which are secured and
adjusted by screws passing through long holes or slits made in the pieces 1, 1,
&c. into screwed holes made in the ends of the tables G, G, &c. 2, 2, &c. are four
pairs of double inclined planes affixed on the inner sides of the carriage K, K,
&c., as shewn in Figs. 1 and 10 by dotted lines. As the carriage moves.back-
wards and forwards these inclines planes are brought underneath the necks or
pivots of the elastic ink receiving and feeding rollers w, w, &c., and raise them.
up, as shewn in Fig. 10 at 3, high enough to supply the two elastic inking
rollers 3, 3, &c. with ink, whose pivots lodge in the forcks 4, 4, &c. affixed to
the sides of the carriage K, K, &c., and thus partake of its alternating motion.
The pivots of the inelastic wood or metal distributing rollers 5, 5, &c. turn in
:

page_text: the sliding sockets or loops 6, 6, &c. (one of which is shewn separately in Fig.
15) which allow those rollers to rise up a little, as described hereafter. 7, 7,
&c. are other elastic inking rollers, the pivots of which are likewise lodged in
the forks 8, 8, &c., affixed to the sides of the carriage K, K, &c. 9, 9, &c.
are two sliding bars (shewn separately in Figs. 16 and 17) moving upon pins
..which are passed through the slits 10, 10, &c., and are screwed into the inner
sides of the carriage K, K, &c.; these bars have pairs of single inclined planes
11, 11, &c. made upon their upper edges, every alternate pair being inclined
in contrary directions. 12, 12, &c. are stops affixed upon the side bars h, h, &c.,
against which stops the ends of the sliding bars 9, 9, &c. strike near the ter-
mination of each alternating movement of the carriage K, K, &c. These
inclined planes lift up the alternate pairs of elastic inking rollers 3, 3, &c., and
7, 7, &c., and allow them to fall again, so that whilst some having received
ink, from the rollers w, w, &c. are raised up, and are distributing it, the others
have fallen, and ink the types as they pass over them. The pivots of the
elastic inking rollers 3, 3, &c. and 7, 7, &c. do not revolve with them, but are
fixed fast in the forks, & the rollers turn upon them; they have shoulders, as
shewn in Fig. 2, at 13, 13, &c., made at one end of each, and moveable collars
14, 14, &c. fixed by the screws 15, 15, &c. at the other end to keep the rollers
in their places. The distributing rollers 5, 5, &c. have the necks or pivots at
one end of them made into screws 16, 16, &c., which work in the female screws
made in some of the sliding sockets 6, 6, &c. to receive them, and they are thus
carried across backwards and forwards by the alternating motion of the carriage
K, K, &c., (a rotary movement being at the same time communicated to them
as will be described hereafter), so as to diffuse and equalize the ink over the
surfaces of the elastic inking rollers 3, 3, &c. & 7, 7, &c. In order to com-
municate a rotary movement to the distributing rollers 5, 5, &c., toothed wheels
are fixed upon their axis, which are driven by other toothed wheels turning
upon studs affixed in the side of the carriage K, K, &c., and which work into
the rack i, i, and which rotary motion is likewise conveyed to the elastic inking
rollers 3, 3, &c. and 7, 7, &c., whilst they are in contact with the distributing
rollers. 17, 17, &c. are bars affixed to both sides of the carriage K, K, and
supported by the standards 18, 18, &c. Between the upper ends of the bars
17, 17, &c. are placed the horses (as they are termed) 19, 19, &c., on which
the paper to be printed is laid; these are supported on one side of them upon
the bars 20, 20, &c., which have pivots at their ends turning in holes made
in the bars 17, 17, &c., and on the other side by the racks 21, 21, &c., which
are hung to them, and the notches in which can be hooked upon studs fixed into
the bars 17, 17, &c., in order to regulate the height of the paper whilst being

page_text: worked off. 22, 22, &c. are arms or brackets, which are affixed upon the cross
bars L, L, &c. In their upper ends are the holes 23, 23, &c., in which the
pivots turn which support one side of each of the delivering boards. 24, 24, &c.
These boards are counterbalanced by the leaden bars 25, 25, &c. fixed to them
for that purpose. 26, 26, &c. are standards firmly secured to the cross bars
L, L, &c. Upon the upper ends of these standards are caps with half holes in
them to receive the pivots of the delivering rollers 27, 27, &c., and which said
pivots are enclosed by plates with other half holes in them screwed upon the
tops of the standards 28, 28, &c. In Figs. 1 and 10 is a lever turning upon a
stud at 29, 29, &c. as a fulcrum, and having a fork below at 30, which receives
into it a pin fixed in the sliding bar 9, 9, &c., and is thereby moved backwards and
forwards. The upper end of this lever is also forked, and receives in the fork
a stud or pin 31-(see Fig. 1), which is affixed in a sliding bar 32, so as to
communicate a backward and forward movement to it. The ends of the bar 32
move in gaps made in supports affixed to the cross bar L. On each end of the
bar 32 are short racks 33, 33, &c:, which work in the toothed wheels 34, 34,
that are fixed upon the axis of the delivering rollers 27, 27, &c., and com-
municate to them an alternating rotatory movement. The sheet of paper to
be printed, being taken off the horse 19 on the right-hand side of Fig. 1, is
carried over the delivering roller 27, and laid upon the delivering board 24.
35 and 36 are two guide lines, marked upon the delivering board, (see Fig. 18),
to direct the printer in laying on the paper. 87, 87, are the register points.
The carriage of the machine being supposed to be moving along towards the
left hand, the paper is laid with its edge touching the guide line 35, and then
fixed upon the register points. The delivering board is then turned down by
means of the handle 38, or otherways, into the position shewn in Fig. 14 by
dotted lines; the paper then leaves it and rests opon the delivering roller 27,
its edges hanging down on each side. When the carriage has arrived near to
the extent of its movement, the end of the sliding bar 9 comes into contact
with the stop 12, and remains at rest whilst the carriage moves on a little
further; the motion is thereby communicated to the delivering rollers
27, 27, &c., which in turning carry the paper down within reach of the right-
hand iron seizing roller 9. The pivots of the seizing rollers 39, 39, &c. are
lodged in the circular grooves 40, 40, &c. made in the side bars 17, 17, &c.,
as shewn in Fig. 1. 41; 41, &c. are circular plates with sockets turning
upon studs fixed into the side bars 17, 17, &c. These plates 41, 41, &c.
have each three studs affixed in them, namely, two on one side, and one
'on the other side thereof. The delivering rollers 27, 27, &c. have short
arms 42, 42, &c. affixed on each end of their axis, which carry the studs

page_text: 43, 43, &c., on which work four pairs of connecting rods 44, 44, &c., two.
pairs of which are shewn in Fig. 1. The other ends of these connecting
rods have also holes in them which fit upon the studs 45, 45, &c. in the
circular plates 41, 41, &c., and thus communicate a similar rotatory move-.
ment to them also. Other short connecting rods 46, 46; &c., with holes
in each end of them, are placed upon the studs 47, 47, &c. in the circular
plates 41, 41, &c., and upon the pivots of the ceasing rollers 39, 39, &c., and
give a backward and forward movement to them to and from the pressing
cylinders 0, 0, &c. To the ends of the side bars p, p, &c. four curved.
stretchers 48, 48, &c. are affixed, to the upper ends of which are secured the.
two pairs of clamp bars 49, 49; &c.; between these bars tapes are stretched,
and wound fast by the upper bars being screwed all along to the lower ones
50, 50, &c., and which are placed so as to lie between the pages of letter.
These tapes pass over the iron rollers 51, 51, &c., the pivots of which turn in
holes made in the side bars. 17, 17, &c., and underneath the pressing cylinders
0, 0, &c., and hold or keep the paper in close contact with the cylinders
during the time the impression is being made. 52, 52, &c. are iron stripping
rollers, which lie upon the tapes 50, 50, their ends resting against the side.
bars 17, 17, &c. The short connecting rollers 53, 53, &c., shewn in Fig. 10,
have holes in them, which receive the points of the stripping rollers 52, 52, &c.
within them; and also holes in their other ends, which are fixed on the same
studs in the circular plates as the connecting rods 44, 44,. &c. These alternate
movements of the stripping and, seizing rollers will be seen by referring to
Fig. 10. In order to carry the paper forwards after, being printed,. it is lifted
above the tapes by the gratings 54, 54, &c., which consist of iron bars affixed
to an axis 55, 55, &c., which has pivots at each end turning in holes made in
pieces affixed to the side bars 17, 17, &c. 56, 56, &c. are connecting rods
with holes in their ends, which fit upon studs affixed in the circular plates
41, 41, &c. and upon the ends of the bars 57, 57, &c. Into each of the bars
54, 54, &c. are rivetted pins at right angles to them, which extend below and
are fitted into the bars 57, 57, &c.; and when these bars are upon the con-
necting rods 56, 56, &c., the gratings are raised above or lowered below the
tapes. 58, 58, &c. are bevelled wheels, one of each being fixed upon the
shafts R and z to communicate motion from the former to the latter, and upon
the shaft R is likewise affixed a fly wheel 59, and the winch or handle 60, by
which the machine is turned. Fig. 14 is an elevation of the upper parts of
my double printing machine, with the various rollers and cylinder removed, in
order to shew the carriage more clearly; and Fig. 10 represents situations of
the cylinder and rollers without the frames; and as the same fetters and figs.

page_text: of reference apply to the similar parts already described, there can be no
difficulty in understanding them; it may, however, be necessary to add, that
instead of producing an alternating movement by carrying sockets in the
endless chains X, X, I carry studs therein projecting outwards, one of which is
shewn separately in Fig. 19, and which studs traverse up and down in the
pieces affixed to the carriage K, K, &c., and one of which is shewn at 62 in
Fig. 19. I also communicate motion from the axis R, on which the handle
and fly wheel is to be placed, to the axis on which are fixed the stud wheels W,
by means of two spur wheels, one on each axis. Fig. 20 is an end view of
one side of the carriage and rail; Fig. 21, a' section of the rail and wheel upon
it; and Fig. 22, an' end view of the circular plate, connecting rod, &c.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Bold, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fourth day of January, One thousand eight hundred and
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fourth day of January, in the
year of our Lord 1823, the aforesaid John Bold came before our said Lord
the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and
all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute made for that purpose.