IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE FILTRATION OF WATER, SEWAGE, AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick William Grauhan, Manufacturing
Chemist, of Bradford, in the County of York, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE FILTRATION OF WATER,
SEWAGE, AND OTHER FLUIDS."
Scaled the 4th January 1876, and dated the 17th July 1875
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick William
Grauhan at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 17th July 1875.
I, FREDERICK WILLIAM GRAUHAN, Manufacturing Chemist, of
Bradford, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE
FILTRATION OF WATER, SEWAGE, AND OTHER FLUIDS," to be as follows, that is
to say
My Invention relates to employing iron filters lined with stones,
carbon, and rough and fine sea sand for the filtration of water, sewage,
a ndother fluids, being specially adapted for removing the impurities

page_text: from water for manufacturing or other purposes, for filtering the effluent
water of sewage, preventing the pollution of rivers, and for other pur-
poses when required in large quantities at a moderate cost. For this
purpose I employ an iron filter made with a perforated bottom, and
having a top or lid also perforated and hung on hinges to allow the
filter when foul to kc casily cleaned. The filter is lined with stones,
carbon, and rough and fine sea sand. The iron filter, with the linings
fixed therein, I place in any convenient position to allow the water,
sewage, or other fluid to be filtered to flow, and I can employ two filters
connected with pipes and one main pipe The pipes are connected with
taps to enable the working of one when the other is being cleaner, or
working both if required.
The advantage derived from my system is that water or other fluid
after passing through the process is perfectly clear, and may be used
again in manufacturing purposes, and is so well purified that it can be
used oven for drinking, and the filter is capable of taking any quantity
of water or fluid.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frederick William Grauhan in the Great Scal
Patent Office on the 17th January 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
WILLIAM GRAUHAN, Manufacturing Chemist, of Bradford, in tho
County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of July, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Frederick William Grauhan,
Her special licence that I, the said Frederick William Grauhan, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Frederick William Grauhan, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle

page_text: of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE
FILTRATION OF WATER, SEWAGE, AND OTHER FLUIDS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Frederick William Grauhan, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and scals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick William Grauhan, do
hereby declare tho nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing
hereto annexed and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that
is to say:
-
The said Invention relates to employing iron filters lined with stones,
coke, carbon, and rough and finc sca sand for the filtration of water,
sewage, and other fluids, being specially adapted for removing the
impurities from water for manufacturing or other purposes, for filtering
the effluent water of sewage, preventing the pollution of rivers, and for
other purposes when required in large quantities at moderate cost. For
this purpose I employ an iron filter made with a perforated bottom, and
having a top or lid, also perforated and hung on hinges, to allow the
filter when foul to be easily cleansed The filter is lined with stones,
coke, carbon, and rough and fine sca sand The iron filter, with the
linings fixed therein, I place in any convenient position to allow tho
water, sewage, or other fluid to be filtered to flow, and I may employ
two filters connected with pipes and one main pipe. The pipes are
connected with taps to allow of one working when the other is being
cleansed, or of working both if required.
The advantages derived from my system is that water or other fluid
after passing through the filtering process is perfectly clear, and may be
used again for manufacturing purposes, and is so well purified that it can
be used even for drinking. The filter is capable of taking any quantity
of water or fluid.
But in order to enable my improvements to be better understood I
will proceed to more particularly desembo the
Sonia by ratonovan to the

page_text: accompanying Drawing, in which Figure 1 represents a sectional side
view of the apparatus; Figure 2, front view, and Figure 3, plan of the
same.
Similar letters of reference are used in all the Figures to represent
similar parts.
vetted to the
The holes in
A, filters made of cast or wrought iron, having perforated plates
Band C; the bottom parts of the filters are made with flanges D fitting
another flanges E formed on hollow bed plates F. The perforated plates C
are fixed in the filters and the perforated plates B are made to lift up
and work on hinges G formed on brackets II bolted or
filters, to allow the filters when foul to be easily cleansed
the perforated plates are made round, square, or oblong, and the plates
may be made of wrought iron or cast, and made in four or six parts if
required Spouts I are formed on the bed plates F to discharge the
filtered water or fluids.
Two filters are employed, one fitted over the other The top filter is
bined with coke or stones J, pebbles K, sea sand L, and carbon M The
bottom filter is lined with coke or stones J, pebbles K, sca sand L,
carbon M, sea sand Land carbon M in about the proportions shewn
in the accompanying Drawing. Sewage, dye, or other water or fluid
can be discharged through a pipe N into a tank O, and lifted up to the
top of the top filter A by a pump P. The water or fluid flows through
the top perforated plate B and through the filter's lining and bottom
perforated plate C in the hollow bed plate I, and through the spout I
into the top of the bottom filter. The water or fluid flowing in the
bottom filter is freed from impurities and is clear, and by passing
through the bottom filter and lung in a similar manner as through
the top filter and lming, and as the lower filter and lining is composed
of carbon, sea sand, carbon, sea sand, pebbles, coke, or stones, the water
or fluid receives a second filtering, and is discharged from the bottom
bed plate F into a sewer, or though pipes or by other suitable means
into a reservoir or river. The water or fluid after passing through the
filtering process is perfectly clear, and may be used again for manu-
facturing purposes, and is so well purified that it can be used for dinking.
I do not confine myself to the precise method described of lining the
filters, as the ingredients may be changed and the proportions altered,
and I can use one filter instead of two, or I may use two filters placed

page_text: side by side connected with pipes and one main pipe, the pipes to bo
fitted with taps or sluices, allowing the working of one filter when the
other is being cleansed, or of working both together.
By these means I filter water, sewage, or other fluid, removing tho
impurities, whereby the Invention is specially adapted for manufacturing
purposes, also for preventing the pollution of rivers.
Having thus described my Invention, and the best means I am
acquainted with for carrying the same into effect, I would have it
understood that I do not confine myself to the precise details shown
and described, as they may be varied without departing from the
peculiar charatcer of the Invention; but what I do claim is the com-
bination, construction, and employment of filters for the filtration of
water, sewage, and other fluids, substantially as herein described and
represented in the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick William Grauhan, havo
hereto set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of January,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-six.
20 Witness,
FREDERICK WILLIAM GRAUHAN. (L.S.)
WALTER JAS. TURNER, C.E.,
Patent Agent,
Bradford.