Improvements in Kilns.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Apr., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 21st Jan., 1891-Accepted, 21st Feb., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Kilns.
I, EDWARD BROOK, of 41, Spring Street, Huddersfield, in the County of York,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
This invention has reference to improvements in kilns of the kind forming the
subject matter of a prior Patent granted to Edward Brook and John Joshua
Brook under date the 18th December 1888 No. 18451 and suitable for burning
bricks, pottery, and the like, and the object of the present improvements is to
obtain a more uniform distribution of heat throughout the kiln.
For this purpose according to the present invention in addition to an ignition
or combustion chamber at or near the top of the kiln and an overhead air flue
such as described in the Specification of the before mentioned Patent there is
arranged at or near the bottom of the kiln a gas flue having perforations or
nostrils at intervals for admitting gas near to the walls at the lower part of the
kiln where it meets with a supply of air, the arrangement being such that both
the upper and lower supplies are under control by valves and dampers. By
these means the heat in the upper and lower parts of the kiln can be regulated.
The resultant products of combustion, after circulating through the kiln, pass
away through perforations in the floor leading to a general discharge flue. In
some cases to ensure the floor of the kiln attaining the necessary temperature,
small radial or transverse flues are provided, which are led towards the centre (as
in some ordinary kilns) through which flues travels a portion of gas or flame that
finds exit into the lower part of the kiln at or near the centre thereof.
A number of these kilns adapted to be worked in rotation can be worked
regeneratively, that is to say, the heat given off in cooling one or more of them
may be caused to heat the air for burning the gas in the next one; and the hot
waste products of combustion from a kiln undergoing the firing process may be
made to heat up one or more kilns previously to being fired, also to heat air, for the
bottom supply of gas.
As will be evident down draught kilns adapted to be worked with both a top and
and an overhead
a bottom supply of gas and air, or with a bottom supply of gas,
hot air flue according to this invention can be constructed in any convenient form.
Dated this 22nd day of Auril 1890.
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Kilns.
I, EDWARD BROOK, of 41, Spring Street, Huddersfield, in the County of York,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention has reference to improvements in kilns of the kind forming the
subject matter of a prior Patent granted to Edward Brook and John Joshua Brook
under date the 18th December 1888 No. 18451 and suitable for burning bricks,
pottery, and the like, and the object of the present improvements is to obtain a
more uniform distribution of heat throughout the kiln.

page_text: For this purpose according to the present invention in addition to an ignition or
combustion chamber at or near the top of the kiln and an overhead air flue such as
described in the Specification of the before mentioned Patent there is arranged at
or near the bottom of the kiln a gas flue having perforations or nostrils at intervals
for admitting gas near to the walls at the lower part of the kiln where it meets
with a supply of air, the arrangement being such that both the upper and lower
supplies are under control by valves and dampers. By these means the heat in the
upper and lower parts of the kiln can be regulated.
The resultant products of combustion, after circulating through the kiln, pass
away through perforations in the floor leading to a general discharge flue. In some
cases to ensure the floor of the kiln attaining the necessary temperature, small
radial or transverse flues are provided, which are led towards the centre (as in
some ordinary kilns) through which flues travels a portion of gas or flame that
finds exit into the lower part of the kiln at or near the centre thereof.
A number of these kilns adapted to be worked in rotation can be worked
regeneratively, that is to say, the heat given off in cooling one or more of them may
be caused to heat air for burning the gas in the next one; and the hot waste products
of combustion from a kiln undergoing the firing process may be made to heat up
one or more kilns previously to being fired, also to heat air or gas for the bottom
supply.
As will be evident downdraught kilns adapted to be worked with both a top and
a bottom supply of gas and air, or with a bottom supply and an overhead hot air
flue according to this invention can be constructed in any convenient form.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying illustrative drawings is a sectional elevation of two
isolated round kilns with my invention applied thereto.
Fig. 2 is a sectional plan of the same, taken on the line A-B Fig. 1.
Gas is supplied to the kilns from an underground main gas conduit 1, by means
of branch gas conduits 2, 2ª from which it is admitted to the overhead combustion
chambers 3, 3 by means of the regulating valves 4, 4" and the pipes 5, 5".
Gas is
admitted by means of the regulating valves 6 6 to the gas flues 11 under the kiln
floors, whence it passes by nostrils or ports into the bottoms of the bags 7. A supply
of air passes from the heating chamber 9 through the small flues 8 to the bags 7
where it meets and enters into combustion with the gas. The resulting flame and
products of combustion ascend into the kiln, and after passing amongst the ware
undergoing the firing process, it descends through perforations 17 in the floor
into the general discharge flue 12 and thence passes by a connecting flue 10 10* to
the next kiln, through which it passes, or it may go direct to the main flue 18
leading to the chimney.
The gas flue 11, the air flue 9, and the main discharge flue 12 are arranged
concentrically under the kiln floor, the gas flue being outermost and surrounding
that part of the discharge flue which surrounds the air flue, the central portion
forming part of the discharge flue. By this arrangement the air and the gas are
both more or less heated during their passage through the flues 9 and 11 by the hot
walls separating the said flues from the discharge flue 12.
The foregoing explanation applies to each kiln.
In some cases only a limited supply of air may be admitted at the bottom, the
balance being supplied through the overhead hot air flue 16, with or without any
admission of gas at the top, as may be required.
The overhead hot air flue 16 between the kilns is provided with dampers 13 13
for closing or regulating the connection between the kilns. The connecting
flues 10 10 for the waste heat are also provided with dampers.
The bottom supply of air is admitted and controlled by a valve 14, and a valve 15
is provided for admitting cold air to a kiln that has just undergone the firing
process, which allows the air to circulate through the waste heat flues 12 under the
kiln floor, and eventually to pass through the perforations 17 in the floor and to
ascend up through the hot goods or ware and pass off by the overhead flue 16 to
the next kiln, or out through the usual perforations in the roof as may be desired.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The hereinabove described improvement in gas fired downdraught kilns which
consists in providing the same with a bottom supply of gas and air in addition to
the top supply as set forth.
2. A gas fired downdraught kiln having a bottom supply of gas and air and an
overhead hot air flue, substantially as described with reference to the drawings
annexed.
3. In a gas fired downdraught kiln, a gas heating chamber or flue with distri-
buting ports or nostrils delivering gas near to the side walls at the lower part of
the kiln, substantially as described with reference to the drawings annexed.
4. In a gas fired downdraught kiln, an air heating chamber or flue contiguous to
the waste heat flue, in combination with the small distributing flues, arranged and
operating as described with reference to the drawings annexed.
5. In a gas fired downdraught kiln, the combination of gas and air heating flues
arranged and operating substantially as described with reference to the drawings
annexed.
Dated this 20th day of January 1891
EDWARD BROOK.
W. Lloyd Wise,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.