matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY POTS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bergen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th October
1860.
I, JOHN BERGEN, of No. 63, Long Lane, West Smithfield, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CHIMNEY POTS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to prevent the down draught in chimneys,.
and thereby obviate their tendency to smoke.
The method of constructing my improved chimney pot is by forming or
fixing a series of tubes in a perpendicular position all round or partly all
round the sides of a pot. The tubes are formed in pairs, each pair having one
of the tubes open or partly open on the outside to form a kind of groove, and
the other tube closed all round; an opening is left between the bottoms of the
tubes to allow of a communication from one tube to the other, and both tubes.
are open at the top, the open tube or groove having a cross partition. fixed
or formed therein a short distance from the top. The tubes are fixed or
connected together at the top by a band or rim, with a projection or cornice to
form the cap, and by a band and flange at the bottom to form the base. Over
each of the enclosed tubes I sometimes introduce a molded truss or partition,
and project the same on each side of the open tube or groove to support a
cornice or projection, and at the same time form a compartment to receive any
wind that may be directed against it, and conduct the same to the mouths or
ends of the tubes inside the cap.

page_text: The action of the wind striking against the pot may be thus described:-
Any wind blowing against the pot will have a portion of it pass into one or
more of the open tubes or grooves surrounding the pot, and its direction will
be diverted either by forcing itself up or down the open tube or tubes against
which it strikes. If the wind have a downward tendency it will force its way
down the open tube or tubes, and pass through the communication at the
bottom into the adjoining or enclosed tube. The wind will then rise up the
enclosed tube and pass out through the open ends at the top inside the cap.
If the wind have an upward tendency it will enter the open tube near the top
and pass out through the open ends formed inside the cap, or be caught and
conducted in the same direction in the compartments formed by the cornice
and projections herein-before described.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINERY FOR PULPING TURNIPS AND OTHER ROOTS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Oldham at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th September
1860.
I, JOHN OLDHAM, of Derby, in the County of Derby, Commission Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN MACHINERY FOR PULPING TURNIPS AND OTHER ROOTS," to be as follows:-
The object of this improvement is to obtain a greater working surface in a
given size of machine, and to enable the same to perform a greater amount of
work with less power than the root-pulping machines as ordinarily constructed.
The improvement consists in substituting for the usual cylinder (containing
the cutters) a double cone, or two cones with their smaller ends coming
together in the centre. The cutters are formed of steel, and may be either
fastened on the surface of the cones by screws and nuts, or by wedges, or
other convenient means. The cones are placed in a hopper of the ordinary
kind.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Henry Shearman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
March 1860.
I, CHARLES HENRY SHEARMAN, of South Belgravia, Gentleman, do hereby
5 declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the means of communi-
cating motion to a locomotive engine, or other machine, by the use
employment of one cylinder, instead of two or more steam cylinders, and
consists in converting the alternate or reciprocating movement of the piston
into a circular motion by the intervention of racks gearing into pinions, and,
in certain cases, by the employment of cylinders or drums, and straps, bands,
or chains alternately wound and unwound therefrom, and by means of right
and left hand ratchet boxes fitted upon the axles or shafts of the driving
wheels, or fly wheel or fly wheels, the circular motion or rotation is completed.
AN IMPROVED BRIDLE BIT, WHICH I TERM A CHECK SNAFFLE BIT FOR RESTRAINING VICIOUS OR HARD-MOUTHED HORSES WITH GREATER FACILITY THAN WITH ANY OTHER BIT
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Frederick Lovick at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd November 1860.
I, WILLIAM FREDERICK LOVICK, of Thorpe, near Norwich, in the County
of Norfolk, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"AN IMPROVED BRIDLE BIT, WHICH I TERM A CHECK SNAFFLE BIT FOR RESTRAINING
VICIOUS OR HARD-MOUTHED HORSES WITH GREATER FACILITY THAN WITH ANY OTHER
BIT," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improved bridle bit, which I term a
check snaffle bit for restraining vicious or hard-mouthed horses with greater
facility than with any other bit. The bit consists of two side bars or
cheeks with a mouth bit like an ordinary snaffle, and with a link or joint in
the middle, as is usual; but in addition to this first mouth bit there is a second
similar mouth bit below the first at a distance of two or three inches, more or
less, from it, and the rings to receive the reins are attached to the side bars or
cheeks at points intermediate of the ends of the two mouth bits. When the
reins are pulled on, the lower mouth bit is pressed down on to the horse's
tongue, the upper mouth bit, which is close up in the angle of the horse's
mouth, serving as a centre about which the side bars or cheeks and the lower
mouth bit turn.
AN IMPROVED FUEL
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Lamb Hancock at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th December 1860.
I, CHARLES LAMB HANCOCK, of Pentonville, in the County of Middlesex,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " AN
IMPROVED FUEL," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the manufacture of an improved fuel by combining
and mixing small coal or coal dust with lime and water in such proportions
as will cause the coal and lime to set into a mass. I mix the materials, and
after the mixture is complete I prefer to press and form the fuel into blocks
or cakes and expose to the air or to artificial heat to dry, but pressure
may be dispensed with. I prefer to use lime in the state of slacked lime, but
any material or compound containing lime may be used, though with less
advantage.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PIPES FOR SMOKING
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Adolph Strauss, of Spitalfields, in tho County of
. Middlesex, Merchant, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN PIPES
FOR SMOKING."
Scaled the 3rd July 1860; and dated the 11th January 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Adolph Strauss at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
January 1860.
I, ADOLPH STRAUSS, of Spitalfields, in the County of Middlesex, Merchant,
do hereby declare the naturo of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
PIPES FOR SMOKING," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for object intercepting the oil and any other matters
that may be produced in smoking tobacco, except the smoke, and it consists in
the employment in the stem of the pipe of a spiral or circular brush. The
brush may be made of any suitable fibre, held upon silver or other wire, wood,
or other suitable holder. The smoke becomes filtered in passing through the
brush, the fibres of which intercept and prevent the passage to the mouth of
the smoker of all oil and other matters except smoke. When foul the brush
is withdrawn, cleaned, and replaced.

page_text: circular brush made according to my Invention; and Figure 2 is a section of
pipe with the brush inserted. a, a, is the brush, one end of which is attached
to a holder b. To apply the brush, unscrew the mouth-piece c of the pipe,
insert the brush in the tube, as shewn, and screw on the mouth-piece.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim, the employment
in pipes for smoking of a brush, essentially in manner and for the purpose
herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Adolph Strauss, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eleventh day of July, One thousand eight hundred
and sixty.
ADOLPH STRAUSS. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Silas Covell Salisbury and John
Farmerley Dickson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 31st August 1860.
We, SILAS COVELL SALISBURY, of Essex Street, in the City of Westminster,
Gentleman, and JOHN FARMERLEY DICKSON, of Nottingham, Sewing Machine
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to simplify double-thread sewing machines,
and thereby to reduce the cost of their manufacture; this we effect in the
shuttle machine,—
First, by operating the vertical needle and feeding foot directly from the
driving shaft in a peculiar manner. On the end of the driving shaft is mounted
a cam, which bears against the stem of the feeding foot to give the forward
motion to the work, and by its shape allows the stem to recover its normal
position under the pressure of a counteracting spring. Projecting from the
side of this cam is an excentric pin, which works in a slot formed in the needle
bar for the purpose of raising and depressing the needle. This slot is horizon-
tal for the greater portion of its length; but at one end it curves upwards to
allow the pin to make a portion of its rotation without acting on the needle
bar. By this simple means the needle will receive the differential motion
requisite for retaining the loop in a slack state during the passage of the.
shuttle through it. In the upper end of the stem of the feeding foot a vertical
slot is made to receive a guiding screw, and the lower end of this slot being
turned at right angles to form a shoulder allows of the feeding foot when.

page_text: drawn up being held in suspension clear of the work, a tension spring (as
usual) gives it a tendency to return to its lowest position. The cam foot stem
and needle bar are enclosed by and work in a box carried by the hollow
bracket arm in which the main driving shaft is mounted.
Secondly, we drive the shuttle by means of a vertical rocking spindle mounted
in the hollow standard of the machine, and fitted with an arm that carries a
bowle working in the groove of a cam attached to the driving shaft; keyed to
the lower end of this vertical spindle is a horizontal arm below the table of the
machine, the rocking motion of which drives the shuttle carriage. This part of
the Invention also applies to the driving of the second or horizontal needle of
double thread machines.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MATERIAL POR SIZING OR DRESSING YARNS PREPARATORY TO WEAVING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th July
1860.
I, ARTHUR SMITH, Manufacturing Chemist, sometime in Marsden, Lanca-
shire, presently residing in Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MATERIAL
POR SIZING OR DRESSING YARNS PREPARATORY TO WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Instead of the material now used, such as flour or sago, I use the following
materials in or about the quantities after mentioned, or if a lesser or
greater quantity of the mixture be required, then in proportion to the said
quantities, vizt. :-Indian corn ground and sifted, forty-two pounds; farina,
from the potato, twenty-four pounds; common soda, seven pounds; wheat
flour, four pounds; potatoes, boiled and left to sour, then passed thro' a grater
with hot water poured on them, twenty-eight pounds, making in all one
hundred and five pounds. These various substances being mixed together
and boiled in water, the mixture is used for sizing or dressing yarns preparatory
to weaving in the ordinary way, and it is especially applicable to cotton yarns,
but may also be applied to linen yarns. In the case of fine yarns, I add to
the mixture a small quantity of palm oil. One great advantage of this
material for dressing or sizing is, that it is a great deal cheaper than any of
the materials at present in use, and besides the cloth made from yarns thus
dressed or sized will be whiter as it comes from the loom than cloth dressed
or sized with sago, which is much uesd at present.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL MINERAL TEETH, AND THE MEANS WHEREBY THE SAME MAY BE MORE SECURELY ATTACHED TO ARTIFICIAL GUMS AND PALATES FORMED OF VULCANITE, OR OTHER SIMILAR MATERIALS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Massey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th September
1860.
I, WILLIAM MASSEY, of Linacre Marsh, near Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturer of Artificial Mineral Teeth, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
ARTIFICIAL MINERAL TEETH, AND THE MEANS WHEREBY THE SAME MAY BE MORE
SECURELY ATTACHED TO ARTIFICIAL GUMS AND PALATES FORMED OF VULCANITE, OR
OTHER SIMILAR MATERIALS," to be as follows (that is to say):-
This Invention has for its object an improved system of forming, attaching,
or affixing artificial mineral teeth to artificial gums and palates made of
vulcanite, or other like substance or substances, and consists in forming or
shaping artificial mineral teeth with a part of the back or inner portion of the
fang end of the tooth (or teeth) flat, or nearly flat, as now practised; but in
place of the projection on the inside of the cutting or grinding end of the tooth
being formed at a right angle, or bevilled outwards, as now practised, for con-
venience in drawing from the mould, the improved teeth are formed with an
under cut, or semi-dovetail, or V-slot, into which the vulcanite or other material
forming the palate is worked; and in substituting for the wire pins, now used
for attaching teeth to the artificial gums and palate, small wire staples or eyes
which project from the flat part of the inner surface of the tooth which is in
contact with the artificial gum. In some cases, in place of the staples or eyes

page_text: described, it may be preferred to form the pins with heads, to prevent their
being drawn from the substance of the artificial gums in which they are
embedded.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE OBTAINING OF LIGHT, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Maurice Wesolowski at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th October
1860. Partly a communication from abroad by Johann Nepomuck
Reithoffer, of Vienna, India-rubber Manufacturer.
I, MAURICE WESOLOWSKI, of Cincinnati, in the State of Ohio, in the
United States of America, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE OBTAINING OF LIGHT, AND IN THE
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," partly a communication from abroad by Johann
Nepomuck Reithoffer, of Vienna, India-rubber Manufacturer, and partly my
own Invention and discovery, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar system or mode of obtaining an
instantaneous light suitable for lighting a candle, for example, without the aid of
matches, and consists in the employment of a small frictional electric machine ;
the disc or cylinder of the machine may be composed of glass, hard india-
rubber, or other material, but I prefer hard india-rubber. The frictional rubber
or pad is composed of cloth or suitable material, and is supplied with a peculiar
amalgam; a rubber or pad may be applied to both sides of the disc where
considered desirable. This amalgam, consisting of one part by weight of
spelter or zinc, one part of tin, and one-half part of quicksilver. The spelter
or zinc is first melted, and the tin is added thereto, and well mixed together,
after which the mercury is added to the molten mass. The whole is then

page_text: poured on to an iron plate, where it is cooled, and subsequently reduced to
powder in a mortar, and passed through a fine sieve. The current of electricity
generated by the machine is conducted to a vessel containing a mixture of
sulphuric alcohol and etheric oil, or other equally inflammable fluid, this
vessel being insulated. A cotton or other wick in this liquid is in connection
with a wood or other suitable electrode carried by the cover of the vessel.
Above the end of the electrode is a metal wire or negative, for the purpose of
obtaining the electric spark when the machine is operated. In using this
apparatus for the obtainment of an instantaneous light, it is simply necessary
to impart a sharp turn to the disc or cylinder of the electric machine, where-
upon the current generated thereby is conducted by a suitable conductor
through the metal of the vessel, and is discharged from the metal socket
which contains the electrode. This electrode being submitted with the
alcoholic sulphur and etheric spirit, is instantly ignited by the action of the
electric spark, and remains ignited as long as is required for obtaining a light
for a taper or lamp.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS AND LAMP WICKS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Fergusson Wilson and
John Jackson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 5th September 1860.
We, GEORGE FERGUSSON WILSON, Managing Director of Price's Patent
Candle Company, Limited, Belmont, Vauxhall, and JOHN JACKSON, of 24,
York Street, Bromborough Pool, near Birkenhead, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS AND LAMP
WICKS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in lamps and lamp wicks,
and the improvements are more particularly intended to enable lamps to burn
heavy Rangoon oil, though other hydrocarbons and oils may be burned thereby.
For these purposes in constructing porous burned wicks in place of ordinary
china clay or ware, a composition is employed consisting of pummice stone,
whiting, alum, and borax, mixed by preference with gum water, which being
made into a suitable tubular, or flat, or other form for a wick, is burned and
then used in a lamp, the burner of which as heretofore has apparatus for
raising and lowering the wick, and by preference such apparatus consists of a
rack and pinion, but in addition thereto the gallery and chimney are arranged
so that they may rise and fall, and thereby more nicely adjust the flame than
can be readily accomplished by the raising and lowering a burned brick by a
rack and pinion.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PROJECTILES
Year: 1860

page_text: Sealed the 14th August 1860, and dated the 20th February 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said G. W. Townsend at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
February 1860.
J, G. W. TOWNSEND, of Calcutta, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN PROJECTILES," to be
as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to form a conical bullet or projectile, which
on being fired from a smooth-bored cannon or small arm, shall have the same
amount of spin power and accuracy as if fired from a rifled arm. My
Invention consists in forming a conical bullet or projectile with two or more
spiral grooves made in and on the outside thereof. The gases evolved on the
explosion of the powder in the gun passing up and through the grooves impart
to the projectile the desired rotatory motion.
A COKE FURNACE FOR THE DISTILLATION OF COALS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Holland Kingston at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
. 20th April 1860.-A communication from abroad by Aimè Bertholon, of
St. Etienne, in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM HOLLAND KINGSTON, A.B., Trinity College, Dublin, and of
Bandon, in the County of Cork, Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A COKE FURNACE FOR THE DISTILLATION OF COALS," to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is to obtain by a simple and improved method a
perfect carbonization of coal, that is to say, free it from all its tarry and vola-.
tile substances, and also an actual distillation by collecting each of these.
substances separately by means of an apparatus placed over the oven. This
apparatus is so constructed as to yield besides coke, essences, oils, gases, and
even coal black or smoke black, so that no substance is lost in the process of:
coking.
My improved oven is so arranged that the flame produced in the furnace -
rises into a straight inclined flue, and then at the bottom of the oven divides..
into two branches right and left. The two columns or branches of flame thence..
pass each into semicircular flues that are built in the manner of a labyrinth, .
and they finally descend into an underground flue, the orifice of which is -
at the centre of the circumference of the oven. The two columns of flames
thus heat on their passage the sole on which the coal lies, thus exposing it in.
its entire extent to the action of heat.. The oven is charged. in such manner as

page_text: to leave sufficient vacant space for the products of distillation. The two
columns of flame after having descended into the underground flue are con-
verted into one column of smoke, which passes into chambers, there to leave its
solid particles in the shape of smoke or coal black.
The distilling apparatus may be briefly described as follows:-A number of
coke ovens being set in a line, I apply to their orifices cast-iron pipes having a
cap or dome, into which the substances developed by coking do enter. These
said pipes have elbows by which they join a large main pipe, into which the
products collect. At the end of said main pipe I apply first a cock or tap, by
means of which I regulate the draught, and next in place a running hole,
which opens into a suitable vessel for receiving the products resulting from the
first condensation by the action of the cold air. The main pipe then is con-
nected with a coil, which is immersed in a tub filled with water, by which
means another condensation is obtained, and coal tar is produced which is
more pure and less hydrated than that obtained by the first condensation. On
leaving this tub the pipe assumes a less diameter and forms another coil, which
is likewise immersed in water. The third condensation thus obtained produces
gases in the first instance, which escape through a piece of pipe placed at the
top part of the tub, or rather at a higher level, and in the second instance oils
or essence, which fall to the lower part of the tub.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Bertrand Ollivier at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd January 1860.
I, LOUIS BERTRAND OLLIVIER, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, in the
Empire of France, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS," to be as follows:--
This Invention relates to certain improvements applicable to all descriptions.
of ploughs. On the mould board or breast of the plough, which is made of cast
iron, I adapt a movable steel cutter or share, and on the coulter a movable
cone, which in turning throws aside all the weeds and roots that might
otherwise obstruct it.
In the annexed Drawings, Fig. 1 shows an elevation of a portion of a plough.
a, cast-iron mould board or breast, to which is screwed or rivetted a share or
cutting piece b; c, coulter, on the stem of which is fitted a movable cone
piece d, of cast iron or other material, which throws aside the weeds or other
roots that might otherwise obstruct the coulter; e, hook screwed to the plough
beam & sliding in a groove or slot in the discharger d, which prevents the
said weeds and roots from obstructing the space between the discharger and
the beam. For ploughs which do not have any coulter the cone piece d may
be adjusted in the fore part of the mould board. At the lower part of the
cone may be added a cog wheel, which, by its contact with and friction on the
ground, will impart a rotating motion to the discharger d.
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING YARNS AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS OR MATERIALS IN SKEINS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Claude Louis Piaton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th August
1860.
I, CLAUDE LOUIS PLATON, of Lyon, Town in the French Empire, Dyer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR WASHING YARNS AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS OR MATERIALS IN SKEINS," to be
as follows:-
My machinery, consists of two endless belts formed of plates joined together,
placed one over the other, and made to travel in opposite directions over a
trough containing the washing liquid, and furnished with the appliances here-
after named; weighted curved stretching levers are pivotted to the plates of
the upper chain, and carry a loose roller, round which the skein is passed; it
also passes round another roller to which rotary motion is communicated by a
toothed pinion driven by the lower endless belt. The belts being made to
travel, the skeins are carried through the liquid, and are caused to revolve
round the loose rollers on the ends of the stretching levers and round the
driven rollers. As soon as each stretching lever reaches the end of the trough
it is raised by coming in contact with a guide, and following the course of the
belt to which it is connected falls and releases the skein which can be removed
and have its place supplied by another by an attendant. On entering the
trough at the opposite end each stretching lever falls in the trough by its own
weight, and the operations are repeated as before.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR WASHING RAGS, PULP, & OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Wilson Durbam at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
April 1860.
I, GEORGE WILSON DURHAM, of Size Lane, in the City of London, Paper
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINES FOR WASHING RAGS, PULP, & OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists in the introduction of a roller, having one or more
brushes attached, into washing machines used for washing rags, pulp, or other
fibrous materials in the manufacture of paper, which roller I dispose imme-
diately above the perforated bottom of those machines and communicate motion
thereto by a suitable spindle. This application of brush roller facilitates and
improves the operation, and whereby the pulp can be washed sufficiently clean
& pure for bleaching & making into writing and printing papers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF FOOD FOR CATTLE, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Anton Neumann at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th August
1860. A communication from abroad by Franz Xavier Kientzle and
Joseph Reiss, both of Colmar, in the Empire of France.
I, ANTON NEUMANN, of 4, Pancras Lane, in the City of London, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
TREATMENT OF FOOD FOR CATTLE, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN," a communication to me from abroad by Franz Xavier Kientzle
and Joseph Reiss, both of Colmar, in the Empire of France, to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in cutting oats, barley, and other grains when
employed as food for cattle in lieu of bruising the same, whereby the grain is
not deteriorated or wasted by being partially ground or pulverised, as is
invariably the case when ordinary bruisers are employed, whilst a more
suitable and economic food is obtained. The machine which it is proposed to
employ for the cutting of oats and other grain in preparing them as food for
cattle, consists of a longitudinally grooved cylinder or roller carried in a
suitable frame and surmounted by a hopper, into which the grain to be treated
is introduced. In connection with this cylinder are a series of circular or disc
shaped knives, which are pressed against its periphery by the action of helical
springs and regulating screws. The grain on leaving the hopper passes
through a perforating vibrating. plate worked to and fro by a cam or ratchet
wheel, and is thus evenly distributed over the surface of the cylinder into the

page_text: grooves in which it falls, and is instantly cut or divided by being carried under
the cutting edges of the circular knives above referred to. The cut grain
descends into a suitable receptacle below, and the cylinder is cleansed from
any remaining particles of grain by a stationary bench against which the
cylinder revolves.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PACKAGES OR HOLDERS FOR CONTAINING BISCUITS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Malcolm Clark and Archibald
Clark at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 2nd November 1860.
We, MALCOLM CLARK and ARCHIBALD CLARK, of Glasgow, in the County
of Lanark, North Britain, Biscuit Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PACKAGES OR HOLDERS FOR
CONTAINING BISCUITS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to a mode of putting up biscuits in packages or
holders specially arranged and prepared for the purpose, with a view of pre-
venting the breakage and waste which occur in the present mode of packing
biscuits, as well as to facilitate the sale of the same.
According to this Invention the biscuits are packed in air-tight packages
or holders formed, by preference, of paper, but other suitable materials may
be used. These packages are formed of stout paper, and by means of a
mould or other convenient shaper the several pieces of paper are caused to
take the particular shape of the biscuits to be subsequently packed therein;
thus, these packages are made of a cylindrical, square, diamond, or other
form, and they are made of various sizes, so as to contain a certain pre-
determined weight or quantity of biscuits, and by this means save the
shopkeeper the trouble of weighing. When the biscuits are placed in these
holders, the open ends are fastened down with paste or glue, or other con-
venient means, so as to exclude, as far as possible, the access of the air to
the contents of the packages. To this end, also, it is preferred to use paper

page_text: having a metallic surface to resemble tinfoil. This kind of paper is very
close in the make, and is well adapted for preventing the access of air to the
biscuits. In lieu of the metallic coating, the paper may be prepared with
other materials, or tinfoil may be used for the biscuit packages where the
extra expense would not be an objection. The exterior of these packages
are stamped, printed, or labelled, so as to indicate the particular kind of
biscuits enclosed therein, as well as the weight of the package. Instead of
paper or tinfoil, cloth prepared with a coating to render it air-proof, or nearly
so, may be used for these packages, also what is known as vegetable parchment,
or other suitable and generally similar materials may be made available for
the purpose.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE SPINNING OF WOOL, COTTON, FLAX, ALPACA, MOHAIR, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abel Earnshaw, Elias Grayston,
James Shackleton, and William Stell at the Office of the Commis-
sioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 10th February 1860.
We, ABEL EARNSHAW, Mechanic, ELIAS GRAYSTON, Mechanic, JAMES
SHACKELTON, Overlooker, and WILLIAM STELL, Mechanic, all of Keighley, in
the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE SPINNING OF WOOL, COTTON, FLAX, ALPACA, MOHAIR,
AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the spinning of such substances on that class of
spinning machines known as "cap frames," and the objects of the same are to
improve the quality of the yarn, and to enable a greater quantity of yarn to
be spun in a given time from the coarser qualities of the said substances.
The Invention consists in reversing the bobbin and the motion, and in con-
fining the bobbin by means of a washer and spring or other suitable apparatus,
so as to work the bobbin (as it is filled with yarn) into the cap instead of, as
bitherto, working the bobbin as it is filled with yarn out of the cap. The
advantages which are derived from this method of spinning are that the ex-
posure of the yarn to the atmosphere whilst it is being wound on to the bobbin,
and after being wound on to the same is much less than heretofore, whereby
the fibres are prevented from starting or separating, or being thrown out from
the yarn, and the yarn is by this method_made smoother, is more easily woven,

page_text: and the quality improved; also a greater quantity of yarn can be spun in
the same space of time from the coarser qualities of the above substances. We
may here remark that yarn is sometimes spun on to paper tubes, and when this
is the case there will be no necessity for reversing the bobbin, but the motion
only must be reversed, as above mentioned.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR APPLYING STEAM IN A MANNER TO CAUSE DIRECT ROTATION
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Whicher at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th October
1860. A communication from abroad by Messrs. Grande, Olivieri, and
Mongiardino, of Turin, Italy.
I, CHARLES WHICHER, Gentleman, residing at 28, Crozier Street, Lambeth,
in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR APPLYING STEAM IN A MANNER TO CAUSE DIRECT
ROTATION," & that it has been communicated to me from abroad by
Messrs. Grande, Olivieri, & Mongiardino, of Turin, Italy, to be as
follows:-
In a circular machine or box is placed a solid iron bar in the form of a
semicircle, occupying half of the circumference of the box; the object of this
bar is to force the steam which issues from the top of the box to bear con-
tinually on one side only. This machine or box also contains a concentric
wheel fixed immoveably to an axle, being fitted with two pairs of articulated
valves diametrically opposite to each other, and which occupying successively
the space in which the steam circulates are forced by the current to give a
rotary motion to the axle.
A NEW OR IMPROVED PULLEY FOR WINDOW AND OTHER BLINDS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Griffiths at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd September
1860.
I, THOMAS GRIFFITHS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR
IMPROVED PULLEY FOR WINDOW AND OTHER BLINDS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a pully to be used in place of the rack pulley for
window and other blinds, and constructed as herein-after explained.
I will describe my Invention as applied to a window blind. A vertical
plate to be fixed to the side of the window or window frame carries two arms
or brackets. The upper bracket has a square or angular hole, and the lower
one a circular hole. A vertical rod, having a square or angular figure at its
upper part, and made into a screw at its lower part, is capable of rising and
falling in the said brackets. The said rod carries at its top a pulley, under
which the blind cord is passed. The lower bracket is split or divided, and
receives in the split or divided part a milled head or disc through a wormed
hole, in which the lower or screwed end of the rod passes. By turning the
said milled disc the rod is made to rise or fall, and the pulley on the top of
the said rod is raised or lowered. The pulley is supported on the top of the
rod by a bow-shaped support, which passes over the top of the pulley, and
leaves the under side of the pulley free for the reception of the loop of the
blind cord.
A NEW MOVER APPLICABLE TO ALL BRANCHES OF INDUSTRY, AND DESIGNED TO REPLACE THE STEAM, THE AERO-HIDRAULIC MOVER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Thomas Boutet at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
January 1860.
M. CHARLES THOMAS BOUTET, Mechanician, Engineer, 176, Tottenham Court
Road, I do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW MOVER
APPLICABLE TO ALL BRANCHES OF INDUSTRY, AND DESIGNED TO REPLACE THE STEAM,
THE AERO-HIDRAULIC MOVER," to be as follows:-
The apparatus is composed of 1°, a basin or recipient full of water; 2º,
two pedestals with coussinets fixed in the interior center of each longitudinal
side of the recipient; 3°, a mover axe in the coussinets; 4°, two iron cross
bars fixed on the axe destined for the supporting of the cups or balloons; 5º,
four wooden cups lined with zinc, and covered with an air-tight cloth, which
gives it the shape of a balloon when the cup is swelled; 6°, a counterpoise
adapted to the lining is designed to send back the air from one cup to the
other when they are come to the perpendicular line; 7°, a tube whose each
extremity is fixed in an opening practiced at the bottom of the cups, and
giving a circular freedom to the air when it is pressed by the counterpoise.
General Considerations.-My system has for its foundation air and water, and
for its principle the difference that there is between the weight of a volume of
air and that of the same volume of water. Thus, for instance, if a litre of
water (1 cubic decimetre 1.760778 pint) weighes about one kilogramme, the
weight of a litre of air is nearly nothing. If a small balloon plunged cubing a

page_text: litre of air, in a basin of water, it is evident that it will rise rapidly and
naturaly on the surface, and in rising it will be able to raise a load of nearly a
kilogramme, and that a balloon cubing one hundred litres will raise one hundred
kilogrammes. The power is always thus calculated beforehand, and may be
encreased at pleasure, consequently the use of these two elements one against
the other must produce a mover, and a mover so much the more powerfull as
its power is infinite and its velocity is exessive; it may be applied to all
motions, as.it possesses all the flexibility and elasticity of the steam, without
having its inconvenience.
The expenses for the construction of the apparatus is twenty times less
than a steam engine of the same power, as it suffices to itself, that it is to say,
that it does not want any combustible nor any other expensive aliment; it
may be placed anywhere, even in the center of towns, with incommoding
the neighbours, as it does not make neither noise, nor dust, nor smell, nor
even smoke. It does not require any special locality, because it performs
in a portable basin; at last, it may be employed as a mover in railways and
navigation; its velocity may be multiplied without fearing neither explosions
nor incendiaries, nor any danger.
A BETTER AND CHEAPER KIND OF EMBOSSING PRESS FOR EMBOSSING OR STAMPING PAPER, LINEN, & OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Granger at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th October
1860.
I, ARTHUR GRANGER, Stationer, 308, High Holborn, London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A BETTER AND CHEAPER KIND
OF EMBOSSING PRESS FOR EMBOSSING OR STAMPING PAPER, LINEN, & OTHER
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
Fig. 1. a is a strong metal arm, to which is attached a cylinder b, in which
works a piston c; d is a steel die, on which are the letters to be stamped,
sunken; E, a counterpart of the same, with the letters in relief.
A sharp
blow on the knob, marked F, would force the die d on to the matrix e,
making an impression on any article placed between them. The spiral spring
*f, *f, *f, *f, *f, would then force the parts C, D, & F, into their original
position. is a screw, which fixes the die d to the piston C; K is a stand, on
which the whole would be fixed, as shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 2 is a view of the
same press, with an india-rubber spring h attached to hooks g, 9, 9, 9; Fig. 4
is a front view of the press, with the india-rubber bands h, h, attached to the
hooks g, 9, 9, 9, of which the upper two are affixed to the outside of the
cylinder, the lower two to the piston C. Fig. 5 is a top view of the cylinder b,
showing the piston C as passing thro' it.
I claim exclusive use of any such presses as are made in the manner herein-
before described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS REGULATORS OR GOVERNORS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st March
1860. A communication from abroad by Adolphe Christophe, of Paris,
in the Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS REGULATORS OR GOVERNORS," a communication from
abroad by Adolphe Christophe, of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction, arrangement, and combi-
nation of apparatus for regulating the pressure of gas before entering the
service mains, and consists in the combination of two apparatus, the first of
which consists of a conical or other valve fitted inside the principal main
at the works, and capable of closing or partially closing the orifice through
which the gas passes, according to the pressure of such gas. The orifice above
referred to communicates with a chamber which is in connection with the
main, and communicates by a pipe of smaller diameter than the valvular
orifice, with an inverted vessel or bell contained in a reservoir of water. This
vessel or bell is suspended by a contral chain or cord, which is counter-
weighted according to the pressure of gas required in the service mains. A
chain or rod connected to the roof of the bell passes down the pipe which con-

page_text: ducts the gas thereto, and is attached at its lower end to the conical or other
valve above referred to. It is thus obvious that as the gas enters the bell and
elevates it, this latter by its rising will simultaneously elevate the valve, and
contract more or less the orifice through which the gas has to pass before
reaching the bell. On the bell being filled with gas, the latter passes off
through a second passage leading to the service mains, but of course at a
certain regulated pressure determined by the counter-balance weights above
. referred to.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC CLOCKS AND ELECTRIC BATTERIES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Moore Mapple at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd February 1860.
I, DANIEL MOORE MAPPLE, of No. 1, Clarks' Place, Bishopsgate Street
Within, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC CLOCKS AND
ELECTRIC BATTERIES," to be as follows:-
The improvements in electric clocks relate to the manner of working the
impulse weight by which the impulse is given at proper intervals to the pen-
dulam of the clock. The impulse weight lifted by the action of an electro-
magnet is brought to a position in which it is retained by the operation of a
permanent magnet; an electro-magnet is caused to release the weight from
the action of the permanent magnet, and to allow it to impinge upon the
pendulam with a constant and regulated impulse.
The improvements in electric batteries consist in forming one pole of the
battery of a pot of blacklead, graphite, or plumbago, or of two or more of
these substances mixed, and so as to contain the acid, being in this respect a
cell. When great power is required the pots may be coated inside with platina,
or any other metal which may be deposited by the electro-plating process.
IMPROVED VENTILATING APPARATUS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Murray Anderson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd January
1860.
I, MURRAY ANDERSON, of Tollington Park, Hornsey Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED VENTILATING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an arrangement whereby ventilation is effectually
obtained without the disadvantages which usually attach to contrivances for
the like purpose. The apparatus consists of a frame in which are fitted two
plates of glass or other material, parallel to but at a small distance from
each other, each plate being of less area than the aperture of the frame, the
outermost plate being so fixed as to leave an open space above it between the
top edge thereof and the upper part of the frame, and the inner plate being
fixed so as to leave a similar space open between the lower edge thereof and
the bottom of the frame. A constant current of air is thus allowed to pass
between the two plates. For some purposes it may be desirable to reverse
the relative positions of the two plates of glass or other material, and the
ingress of dust or dirt may be prevented by the application of wire gauze or
other perforated material. The plates may be so arranged as to be easily
removable for the purpose of being cleaned. The apparatus constructed as
before mentioned, can be fixed in any convenient manner in the windows or
walls, or partitions of the apartment or place to be ventilated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING ANIMAL CHARCOAL AND OTHER PRODUCTS FROM. BONES AND OTHER ANIMAL MATTERS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Townsend at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th December
1860.
I, JOSEPH TOWNSEND, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING ANIMAL CHARCOAL AND OTHER PRODUCTS FROM.
BONES AND OTHER ANIMAL MATTERS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to the treating of animal matters by an improved.
method, so as to obtain a superior quality of charcoal, and a larger quantity of
liquid products, whilst the quantity of gaseous products not condensable in the
ordinary way is diminished. By the term "animal matters," I mean such
substances as bones, flesh, blood, hair, wool, woollen, and "hard" rags, hoofs
and horns, silk, feathers, skins, leather, old shoes, and gelatinous and albu-
minous substances.
In practising the Invention, bones or other animal matters are placed in
retorts such as are generally employed in the manufacture of animal charcoal,
and are first submitted to a lower temperature than is usually employed for the
conversion of bones into animal charcoal. The heat which I prefer is from
400° to 600° Farenheit, and I keep distilling at or near these temperatures
until nearly the whole of the condensable products are obtained. The heat is
then raised to 800° or higher, and is maintained until all the volatile products
are driven off. The retorts are allowed to cool to 400° or less before the residue
or charcoal is drawn out. The retorts are then filled with a fresh charge, and

page_text: the process is repeated. By adopting this method I obtain a charcoal having
superior decolourizing properties, together with a larger quantity of liquid pro-
ducts, including parrafine, parrafine oil, benzole, naptha, ammonia, nitrogen
compounds, and other generally similar products, whilst there is less material
lost in the form of incondensable gases.