IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MORTICING, TENONING, AND BORING
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Coulson, of Fetter Lane, in the City of
York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MORTICING,
TENONING, AND BORING."
Sealed the 11th May 1855, and dated the 17th November 1854.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Coulson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declaration, on
the 17th November 1854, pursuant to the 9th section of the Patent
Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
COULSON, of Fetter Lane, in the City of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS I, the said William Coulson, have petitioned Her Majesty to
grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters
Patent for an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS, IN MACHINERY FOR MORTICING,
TENONING, AND BORING:"
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Coulson; do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
and the Drawings therein referred to, that is to say:
My said improvements, having reference to the construction of a machine

page_text: for the purpose of producing mortices and tenons' from timber generally,
certain parts of which machine are especially adapted to morticing and boring
the felloes and the naves or bosses of wooden wheels, consist in arranging
certain mechanism to give motion to a vertical chisel or cutter, which is caused
to descend upon the wood to be operated on by means of a long hand lever,
working through the intervention of a screw and pinion wheel; while suitable
contrivances are added, in order to adjust a nave, felloc, or an ordinary piece
of timber to the action of the chisel, in the manner required in constructing
wheels, or for other purposes.
But in order that these my said improvements may be more fully understood
and readily carried into effect, I now proceed to describe them by the aid of
the annexed Drawings, reference being had to the letters and figures thereon
marked, that is to say:-Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a morticing, tenoning,
and boring machine; Fig. 2, a side elevation; Fig. 3, a perspective view
thereof; and Fig. 4, the morticing and tenoning machinery, separately shown.
In each Figure the same letters of reference dencte similar corresponding
parts. A, A, stand or base plate; B, B, bed frames; C, C, C, vertical
standards; D, D, sliding frame, enclosing boring or drilling apparatus; E, E,
boring tool or drill; F, F, boring or drilling spindle; G & G', mitre wheel
and pinion, for giving rotary motion to the boring tool or drill; II, II, crank
handle, for giving motion to the boring gear through the spindle I; J, accele-
rating fly wheel; K, K, slot openings in the heads of the vertical standards,
in which the projecting sides of the boring frame move, for the purpose of
raising or lowering the said boring or drilling frame to the height required by
the work; L, L, hand-motion lever; M, M, shaft or fulcrum on which the
same works; N, counterbalance weight, for restoring the lever and frame to
their original position; O, O, rack and pinion wheel, in connection with the
said hand-motion lever, for the purpose of raising and lowering the frame;
P, P, bracket standards, sliding on or with the upper bed frame B, to which
they are bolted or secured, and serving to hold the nave or boss_of_a wheel.
during the process of drilling or boring, as represented in the Drawings,
Figs. 2 & 3; Q, hand wheel and tightening screw; R, graduated index plate,
divided in twelfth, fourteenth, and sixteenth parts, for the purpose of setting.
out tlie place to be bored for each mortice, to correspond with the number of
spokes in the wheel; S, corresponding hand or index; T, fixed bracket, with
tightening screw, for the purpose of holding the felloes of wheels to be mor-
ticed; U, hand-motion wheel; V, small pinion, keyed upon the shaft or spindle,
of the said wheel, for the purpose of taking into and giving motion to a rack
connected with the top box or frame; W, W, lower hand wheel, for traversing

page_text: the bottom slide or frame, upon which the box is placed; X, rack or screw
spindle, to the lower end of which the morticing tool or cutter is attached;
Y, Y, metallic guides or collars, admitting a vertical action in the cutter; Z,
rack wheel or screw pinion, tightly keyed to and moving with the hand-motion
lever; Z, counterbalancing weight; Z, guide and screw gearing for raising
or lowering the morticing tool;.Z³, side slots in which the said guide works;
and Z', winch handle.
In Fig. 4, a is the wood to be morticed; b, frame on which it rests, made
to open in two parts on two centre pins on each side, so that the upper part,
which I call the top box, may be raised or lowered to any pitch required;
c, tightening screw.
Fig. 5 is a detached view of a crank, bracket, and tightening screw, to be
employed for wide timber, in place of the ordinary straight bracket and
tightening screw.
The mode in which the above machinery operates, for the purpose of
boring and morticing the naves and felloes of wheels, is as follows:-The
action of the boring apparatus is shewn at Figs. 1 and 2, which represent
the nave of a wheel adjusted under the drill or boring tool previously to
being morticed, (the places in which the same is to be bored for the purpose
of receiving the spokes being ascertained and set out by means of the index
plate and index); the boring apparatus is then lowered to act upon the said
nave by means of the hand-motion lever, and rotary motion is given to the
drill through the intervention of the fly wheel and intermediate gearing, the
crank handle being replaced by rigger wheels when steam is substituted for
manual power. The first hole having been bored, the drill and boring appa-
ratus are allowed to resume their original position by the action of the counter-
balance weight, and are again lowered when the nave has been adjusted to
admit the boring of a second hole, and so on, in succession. The process of
boring having been completed, the nave is brought under the morticing cutter
in front of the machine by means of the moveable frame worked by the hand-
motion wheels, above described; the said cutter is then adjusted to its work by
means of the screw gearing Z2, and produces the mortice by descending upon
the nave at each stroke of the hand-motion lever. The morticing and tenoning
apparatus above described may be adapted to ordinary plank morticing by the
construction shewn in Figs. 4 and 5, in which the boring apparatus is omitted.
Having now fully described the nature of these my said improvements, and
the manner in which they are to be performed, I would have it clearly under-
stood that I do not by any means confine myself to the precise-details
herein-before set forth and described, as the same might be varied without

page_text: departing from the general principle of this my said Invention; but that which
I dò claim as new and of my said improvements is,―
Firstly, the construction and arrangement of machinery to combine the
operations of boring, morticing, and tenoning the naves or bosses and tlie
felloes of wheels, in the manner and for the purposes herein-before described
and set forth.
Secondly, the modifications of the machinery for moticing and tenoning, as
shewn in Figs. 4 and 5.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Coulson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
WILLIAM COULSON. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered in the presence of
W PHILLIPS, Solicitor, York.