A NEW AND IMPROVED CEMENT OR MASTIC FOR MAKING JOINTS OF STEAM, WATER, OR GAS PIPES OR CHAMBERS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Auguste Aimé Lerenard, of 60, Boulevart de
Strasbourg, Paris, Practical Engineer, for the Invention of "A NEW AND
IMPROVED CEMENT OR MASTIC FOR MAKING JOINTS OF STEAM, WATER, OR GAS
PIPES OR CHAMBERS."
Sealed the 5th December 1862, and dated the 12th June 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Auguste Aimé Lerenard
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th June 1862.
I, AUGUSTE AIMÉ LERENARD, of 60, Boulevart de Strasbourg, Paris, Practical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW AND
IMPROVED CEMENT OR MASTIC FOR MAKING JOINTS OF STEAM, WATER, OR GAS
PIPES OR CHAMBERS," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in making cement or mastic for steam or water
joints by combining india-rubber previously dissolved by mixture with linseed
oil and heavier gas oil in suitable proportions under the action of, heat, then
taking about part of the said solution of india-rubber with of clean pure
earth, and, of preference, of fire-clay, working them under heavy rollers heated
by steam; when this mixture is being squeezed between the rollers I intro-
duce about of sulphur powder, and T either of red or white lead,
litharge, or lime finely powdered, and also ro of drying stuff; it is then fit
for use, and may be applied in the same manner as the cement now in use.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Auguste Aimé Lérenard in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 12th December 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, AUGUSTE
AIMÉ LERENARD, of 60, Boulevart de Strasbourg, Paris, Practical Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Auguste Aimé, Lerenard, Her special licence that I, the said Auguste
Aimé Lerenard, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such other as
I, the said Auguste Aimé Lerenard, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A
NEW AND IMPROVED CEMENT OR MASTIC FOR MAKING JOINTS OF STEAM, WATER,
OR GAS PIPES OR CHAMBERS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Auguste Aimé Lerenard, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Auguste Aimé Lerenard, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:
Steam joints are generally, made with a cement composed of 'red or white
lead triturated with linseed oil, and applied with hemp or any other similar
material; such joints are rather costly, and my Invention consists in making a
cement cheaper than the one referred to. This cement, which can be used
for making steam, water, or gas joints by slightly modifying its composition,
offers many advantages over the red or white lead cement, such as economy,
perfect' soundness, and great facility of application. The adhesive substance
used to unite the other ones when mixed together is india-rubber more or less
vulcanised; this substance is the very one that communicates superior qua-

page_text: lities to the cement of my Invention, which, to a higher degree than any
other, prevents the passage of fluids. With my cement I can make joints in
various ways, according to requirement, either by using the cement alone, and
forming it into round or square pieces, or by. inserting within the mastic a
heinpen band, or by rolling it into sheets mixed with divided.textile materials,
and cutting out.round or square pieces (from the said .sheets. In order to
effect the mixture, which composes my.india-rubber cement or paste, I begin
by triturating the india-rubber by the process generally used, between i
powerful rollers heated by steam in the interior. I then melt it by. help of:
any suitable dissolvent, and mix the whole in various proportions with a
pounded earthy oxyde of salt, such as chalk, Portland or other hydraulic
cenient, marble, or other, and then with plastic fire-clay. I add to the mixture.
some powder or flowers of sulphur in order to vulcanise the india-rubber,, and
I inay also add to the mixture a small quantity of any metallic oxyde, such as
réd or white lead; litharge, white zinc, yellow or red. ochre, or any similar
substance. The choice and proportions of the materials which enter into:
the composition of my cement depend entirely upon the use to be made of it.
a
I will now proceed to describe the process which I employ, and relate the
best proportion of the materials required to obtain 40 pounds weight of the
cement found to be the best (after several trials) for making steam' joints.
Firstly, I take 12 pounds of old india-rubber, more or less vulcanised, which
are triturated as usual between rollers; I then melt this india-rubber in'
suitable pan by the addition of 25 to 30 per cent. of heavy tar oil; secondly,
I mix this solution of caoutchouc with 16 pounds of either Portland, Pouilly,
or any other powdered hydraulic cement; this mixing operation being always
performed under the rollers; thirdly, when this first mixture is thoroughly
made, I add 8 pounds of pure fire-clay; and I squeeze or tighten the rollers, in
order to grind and mix these. three substances as completely as possible; as
fast as this mixture is rolled down I take it off with a scraper from the
surface of the swifter roller, which carries it on to cause it to fall down in a
trough placed under the cylinders. Fourthly, I once more bring the materials
to the rollers to again triturate the mixture, and to heat it by the introduction
of steani, which is stopped when it is lukewarm; then. 18. ounces of flowers,
of sulphur are added for vulcanising the india-rubber, and after 5 or 6
minutes I stop the rollers, the cement being then completely triturated, I
scrape it off from the rollers, as previously, to bring it down to the trough
or box. To make steam or water joints with round pieces or rings previously
prepared, I form sheets composed of a thinner mixture, that is to say, con-
taining less of the powdered Portland or other cement, and one-half less

page_text: sulphur, to which I add a sufficient quantity of hemp or similar filamentous
material cut in small pieces; by rolling this I obtain sheets of various thick-
ness, from which I cut round or square pieces or strips, according to the
shape of the joints to be made. The sheets or rings can be vulcanised by the
usual process when cut to shape. It is useless to state that rollers could be
dispensed with, they are, however, the best means of performing this work,
although the trituration and mixture of the materials could be performed in a
similar manner under grinding stones, in mortars, or with any other apparatus
fit for such kind of work. When joints are to be made with a strip of hemp
daubed up or coated with cement, this cement must be much softer than when
used alone; the proportion of the materials must be modified accordingly,
and the powdered cement be in a smaller proportion.
My Invention being now described, and also in what manner I carry it
into practice, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to
the precise details, so long as the particular character is retained; but I.
claim,-
Firstly, employing-india-rubber, more or less vulcanised, to make a cement.
or paste fit for making joints of steam, water, or gas pipes by combining and
mixing by a suitable trituration vulcanised or non-vulcanised india-rubber in
various proportions with powdered mineral or earthy substances among others,
and especially with a powdered hydraulic cement, fire-clay, and flowers of.
sulphur.
Secondly, the formation of sheets of various thicknesses by mixing in the
cement some hemp or other textile material cut in small pieces, and cutting
rings, square bands, or strips from the said sheets for making joints.
Thirdly, using the same cement in a softer or more liquid state, that is to
say, containing less powdered hydraulic cement and sulphur to make joints
with strips of hemp daubed up or coated with this india-rubber solution.
In witness whereof, I, the said Auguste Aimé Lerenard, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
Signed and sealed in the presence of
L. D'AUBREVILLE.
A. ATE. LERENARD. (L.s.)