Improvements in Looms for Manufacturing Chenille, specially applicable for Carpets, Rugs, and other similar purposes.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 11th June, 1891-Accepted, 11th June, 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Looms for Manufacturing Chenille, specially
applicable for Carpets, Rugs, and other similar purposes.
I ANDRÉ ARCHAMBAULT of 38 Rue St. Georges, Paris in the Republic of
France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention for improvements in looms for manufacturing chenille, specially
applicable for carpets, rugs, and other similar purposes has for its objects to weave
the cloth, to sever the said cloth longitudinally to form the chenille, and to close the
chenille upon a single machine; instead of weaving the cloth upon one machine
and severing it and closing the chenille by passing it over a grooved and heated
cylinder in another machine as is customary; and to manufacture the chenille in
any desired colours however numerous without the attendant having to select the
colour. It will be obvious that by reason of the above improvements greater
economy and greater accuracy of pattern are effected, as the cutting is more regular,
and the cloth remains under the same tension.
In a loom constructed according to this invention, the warp threads and binding
threads are wound upon beams driven by friction so that the required length only
of thread is unwound, the axes of the beams sliding in guides so that the beams
bear by their own weight upon the drivers. The warp threads pass through healds
operated from a cam on the main shaft and the binding threads pass through fixed
needles and through a reed operated from the main shaft of the loom. The dents
of the reed are arranged also to serve as a guide for the shuttle, and collectively
form an interrupted or broken T guide somewhat similar to the grooves on the
table of a machine tool for receiving the heads of holding down bolts. The shuttle
has a corresponding shape and is provided with a hook to catch and draw the weft
through the warp.
The different coloured threads of wool forming the weft are mounted on separate
bobbins and pass through a jacquard apparatus which holds up a thread of the
desired colour to be drawn through the shed by the shuttle and through a
supplementary reed secured to the main reed, and their ends are held by small
clamps. The reading of the pattern is from right to left and left to right
alternately for the different rows, so that the pattern is alternately in the opposite
directions, instead of each row being read from left to right for each row, so that
the chenille can be used in a continuous manner. After the cards have been
revised and found correct they may be used without any fear of mistake as the
jacquard works automatically.
The shuttle draws a double weft through the shed which is cut at the right hand
selvage of the cloth by a pair of scissors actuated by a cam on the main shaft. The
cloth is cut into strips by pairs of shears actuated from a cam on the main shaft
and then passes over grooved heated pulleys to close the chenille and over a roller
driven at the same speed as the warp beams and to the cloth beam.
In the accompanying three sheets of illustrative drawings
Fig. 1 is an elevation of the left side of the loom constructed according to this
invention..
Fig. 2 is an elevation of the right side.
Fig. 3 is a plan of the left side and
Fig. 4 a plan of the right side of the same.
Figs. 5 to 11 are detail views.
Similar details occurring on both sides are shown on one side only.
The bobbin box shown separately in (Figs. 11 and 11^) is situated on the left side
L
11
2
Ր
olours

page_text: required to be used. The bobbins y are arranged with their axes vertical and thus
allow of a much greater quantity of thread or yarn than in the arrangements
hitherto used. The threads or yarns issuing from the bobbins pass first over a
rod y' and then separately through the perforations y formed horizontally in a
transverse bar y³. Upon each thread or yarn between the rod and the said
transverse bar is arranged an automatic stretching device Z which maintains and
restores the necessary tension on the thread or yarn.
The holding clip for holding the weft threads whilst being cut is shown
separately in (Figs. 5 and 5*) and_consists of an upper part A bearing upon the
upper part of the grooved cylinder B which serves to close the chenille and of a
lower movable part C which is supported by a rod D jointed to a lever E fulcrumed
at E' and operated by a cam F keyed upon the shaft G and bearing against the
roller F on the lever. The parallel motion of the two parts of the clip is effected
by the guide pin A¹. Two india-rubber plates are fixed on the inside of the two
arms of the clip so as to increase the adhesion or grip. The lower part of the clip
carries a hook C¹ operating in the manner hereinafter set forth. A spring E2 (Fig. 1)
forces the roller F into contact with the cam F. In single looms this clip is placed
on the left hand side of the loom (Figs. 1 and 3), but for double looms there is one
on each side as will be hereinafter explained.
The woollen yarn raised by the jacquard is conveyed to the shuttle hook by
means of the apparatus shown separately in Figs. 6 and 6ª. A roller H¹ running
in the groove of the cam H mounted upon the shaft I is fixed upon one end of the
lever H fulcrumed at H³ and at the other end is jointed the toothed sector K
pivotted at K' and gearing with a pinion K2 mounted on the vertical rod K³
carrying at its upper part a horizontal slotted arm K terminated by a small
inclined arm K of special form hereinafter more particularly referred to.
guiding device is arranged on the left hand side of the loom Figs. 1 and 3. It may
however be placed on both sides and have an alternate motion, as hereinafter
explained.
This
The reed shown separately in Fig. 7 consist of teeth or needles and is formed of
two flat parts L L' connected by a C iron of suitable width, the number of hooks
depending upon that of the warp or binding threads. The reed is fixed upon the
angle irons L³. The shed or spaces between the teeth serves for the passage of the
threads and the C iron forms a race for the shuttle. Instead of this special reed an
ordinary reed on which is arranged in any suitable manner a race for the shuttle as
it traverses the loom may be employed.
The shuttle shown separately in Fig. 8 is simply a hook carrier comprising a
plate L the section and dimensions of which correspond to the race L. This
shuttle carries a hook L' at each extremity or in single looms when a single bobbin
frame or box is used the shuttle acts by means of one of the hooks only.
The jacquard is operated as shown in Fig. 9 by means of a roller M¹ running in
the groove of a cam M on the shaft I and fixed to one end of the lever M²
fulcrumed at M³ and carrying at its other end the rod M* fitted to the jacquard
situated on the left side or in the centre of single looms and in the centre of double
looms.
The heald motion shown separately in Fig. 10 comprises two partial motions
which are partly simultaneous. These two partial motions are produced by two
cams N and O on the shaft I. The roller O' works in the groove of the cam O
and is fixed upon a lever O2 fulcrumed at O³ and actuating the rod O₁ to which it
imparts an intermittent up and down motion. The rod O carries an iron blade O'
which rigidly connects the sliding piece O guided by the upright O' with the
rod O. The roller N¹ working in the groove of the cam N fixed to the lever N
fulcrumed at N³ actuates the rod N* carrying at a suitable height a horizontal iron
blade N' through a slot in which the rod N passes. This blade N is pivotted
at No to the sliding piece 06 and carries the two pins N7 and N°. The relative
vertical motion of the rod O' thus moves the pins N N horizontally and causes
the necessary movement of the two frames N° and N10 to effect the heald motion.

page_text: The binding threads pass from their beam Q1 through holes in the horizontal part
of an angle iron supporting the needles N and through the needles N₁ so that
they do not interfere with the motion of the frames N° N. Supposing the
cams NO to be moving in the direction of the hands of a watch Fig. 10 the
rod O is raised (the frames N° N10 being shown in the position they occupy when
the rod is in the middle of this motion) and carries the warp threads above the
needles N". In the return or down motion, each warp of No passes to the right of
its needle N and each warp of No to the left, the line joining N7 N8 being inclined
downwardly from right to left in the first part of the down motion. The weft is
then carried through the shed above the warps and below the threads passing
through the needles N1 and is beat up. In the next motion the rods O and N
rise together and then O* continuing its motion raises the warps above the
needles N and the line joining N' N° being now inclined in the opposite direction
that is downwardly from left to right (except in the highest position when they are
vertical as shown in Fig. 10) the warps cross and on the downward motion of the
frames N° N10 each warp of N° passes on the left of its needle and each warp of N10
on the right so that each warp has been crossed in the opposite direction over the
binding chain. The weft is again passed as before above the warps and below the
binding thread and is beat up.
The chenille is cut by a series of shears whose upper blades P bear upon the
grooved cylinder B which serves to close the chenille while the other blades P'
are fixed to the horizontal rod P². Blades P³ fixed upon the lathe at each motion
of the lathe actuate the rod P2 so as to close the shears which are re-opened after
they have cut the weft by the springs P4.
The chenille is closed by means of the fluted roller B heated by steam and
placed at the front part of the loom and formed integrally therewith.
Assuming that the bobbin box or frame is in its proper place and furnished
with the number of bobbins required by the variety of colours to be used and with
its rods and stretching devices and the jacquard provided with its cards to be read
continuously as described to be in position and harnessed to rod M* the working is
as follows: As the woollen threads issue from the holes in the second rod y³,
they each pass over the hooks of the jacquard and are collected and held between
the two arms A and C of the clip. The two beams Q and Q₁ carry the various
warp and binding threads necessary to form the cloth of the chenille. Upon the
axis of the beam Q' is applied a spring strap brake Q³. To maintain a uniform
tension in the binding threads the beam Q₁ is driven by friction by a beam Q’
actuated through the gearing R R and ratchet wheel R. The lathe cam R on
the shaft G actuates also through the roller R¹ the lever R2 fulcrumed at R³
Figs. 2 and 4 and carrying a pawl R* actuating a ratchet wheel R whose dimen-
sions and number of teeth are calculated in such a manner that the beam Q' will
supply exactly the length of thread required to bind a weft thread. The counter
weights Qensure a constant friction between the beams Q' and Q. The springs R³
and R ensure the proper working of the pawl R. The warp threads from the
beam Q pass through the holes of the heald mechanism N° and N10 and the
binding threads from the beam Q' through those of the needles N₁, all reaching,
after passing over the fluted closing roller B, the ribbed roller S in order to be
wound upon St.
The ribbed roller S is actuated from an eccentric G¹ on the shaft G through
the lever G³ fulcrumed at G³ and carrying the pawl G* actuating the ratchet
wheel and through the gear wheels S S³ the ribbed roller S at the required
moment and thus causing the cloth of chenille to be carried onward.
The roller S¹ is operated from the lever 0% of the heald motion through the
lever S connected to the lever O2 by the cord or link S5 Figs. 2 and 4 and
fulcrumed at S and carrying a pawl S actuating the ratchet wheel S' which is
rotated through a given number of teeth. The return motion is effected by the
counterweight S⁹. The gear wheels S and S" transmit this motion to the
roller S¹.

page_text: The loom is driven through the fast and loose pulleys T and T¹ mounted on
the shaft geared to the shafts G and I by the toothed wheels T³ T¹ and T³.
The various motions are effected in the following order :-
The jacquard acts upon a woollen weft thread of the required colour which is
held between the arms A and C and by the stretcher Zabove mentioned and is
raised by the hooks of the jacquard. The inclined arm K seizes the thread thus
raised and carries it, during its 90° motion to the position shown in Fig. 3, towards
the inside of the loom. The thread is thus placed in position to be safely seized
by the hook L' of the shuttle and to be carried as a double weft across the loom
the hook fixed to the arm C of the clip acting as a pivot for the thread so as
to avoid disturbing the warp threads which are near this point by the drawing of
the weft in the shuttle. This motion of the shuttle or hook carrier is effected in
the usual manner by means of the cam U on the shaft I, the roller U¹, the
lever U2, the spring U³ and the shuttle driver U which is jointed at U so as
to follow the motion of the lathe V to send the shuttle onward, in the part L' of
the reed or within suitable guides. After this operation the weft is tied by the
heald motion which is effected mechanically as above described. The winding of
the cloth is performed during the heald motion; and after the motion of the lathe V,
the forward motion of the cloth and the feeding of the warp are effected
simultaneously.
In the forward motion of the lathe produced by the cam R, the roller V1, the
levers V and V3 and the pivots V4 V5 V and V, the weft is beat up and the
clip A being open, the weft just outside the selvedge enters the clip and is seized
so that it can again be guided by the arm K³ to the shuttle. At the same time,
the blades P³ act upon the rod P2 which joins the blades P¹ of the shears or scissors
and depress it, thus causing the blades to close and to cut the cloth of chenille into
cords or chenille. During the return motion of the lathe V, the springs P4 cause
the blades of the shears to re-open.
The weft after being carried double across the loom by the shuttle and tied by
the chains or warps, is cut at its looped end by the shears W actuated by a cam
or projection arranged upon the lathe. On single looms, the shears W are placed
on the right hand side and on double looms on both sides. When the weft is
seized by the hooks of the shuttle and carried across the loom, the arm K³ returns
so as not to interfere with the motion of the lathe, and the stretcher Z restores and
maintains the necessary tension of the weft. To prevent the weft which is held
in the clip from pulling the fabric about as it is drawn onward, a second pair of
scissors similar to the others and operated in a similar manner cuts the weft which
is retained in the clip at the inside of the clip at the same time that the other end
of the double weft is seized and held by the clip.
The loom is stopped automatically when the shuttle does not enter the race by
the following mechanism, situated on either side of the loom. A curved bar X
pivots horizontally round X and its other end passes through a slot in the reed
into the race of the shuttle. Against this bar X₁ bears the vertical arm of
an L-shaped lever X2 mounted on a shaft X3 running across the loom. When
the shuttle enters the race, it forces back the end of the bar X and thus the
vertical arm of the lever X2 and raises the horizontal arm from opposite the
Llock X. When however the shuttle does not enter the race the lever X2, during
the motion of the lathe comes in contact with the block X and operates through
the lever X and rod X, the shaft X' carrying the strap fork X and thus
moves the strap from the fast to the loose pulley.
The weft having been thus placed and tied the cloth cut into cords and carried
away and the warps fed, the winding upon S' is then effected. As the chenille
cords pass over the fluted roller B which is heated by steam, they are closed. The
cutting and closing are thus absolutely perfect. When an operation is thus
terminated the jacquard raises another thread and a fresh operation takes place,
and so on until the design is completed. A second bobbin box similar to the first
above described may be placed on the right hand side of the loom and the jacquard

page_text: may be placed in the centre of the loom at the same height and with the same
motions, being merely arranged for this purpose and each book of the jacquard
may raise two cords separating in the centre of the loom and passing to the left
and right respectively and having each a loop which will raise the same colour on
both sides of the loom. The shuttle being furnished with a hook at each extremity
will take in order to carry it through the warps the coloured thread raised on the
side where it is ready to start. The other coloured thread raised at the same
time on the opposite side not being used will re-descend to its place as the hook of
the jacquard also re-descends, this being effected without trouble and without
requiring another motion for the jacquard. The motion actuating the lathe will
alone have to be changed, in order to dispense with the prolonged rest of the same
and to increase the speed. A second device for guiding or conveying the thread
to the shuttle will also be arranged on the right hand side of the loom under the
same conditions as that on the left, but the operation of these two guides will take
place alternately. A second pivoting clip with its accessories will likewise be
required on the right hand side. A second pair of shears similar to that used
for cutting the weft should be also placed on the left hand side of the loom.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
In a loom for manufacturing chenille for carpets furniture and the like.
1. Carrying out the three operations of weaving cutting and closing the chenille
upon one loom and in a continuous manner substantially as described.
2. The application of a jacquard for automatically raising the weft threads as
required and operating on one or on both sides of the loom substantially as
described.
3. The special arrangement comprising one or two guides for conveying to the
shuttle the coloured thread or threads raised by the jacquard either on the left or
on the right side of the loom substantially as described.
4. The special arrangement of shuttle or hook-carrier for drawing a double thread
of weft through the warp and binding threads and having single or double action
substantially as described.
5. The arrangement of race for the shuttle comprising the reed arranged so as
to form a race for the shuttle, or having a race fixed to it in any suitable manner
substantially as described.
6. The special arrangement for holding and cutting the weft threads comprising
one or two clips with a pivoting hook and the scissors operated automatically to
cut the threads held by the said clip or clips substantially as described.
7. The special arrangements for cutting the cloth into chenille cords comprising
a series of scissors operated automatically and for cutting the threads of the double
weft comprising one or two pairs of scissors operated automatically substantially as
described.
8. The special arrangement of one or two boxes for holding the weft bobbins in
large cops substantially as described.
9. The construction and arrangement of a loom for weaving chenille substantially
as described with reference to the drawings.
Dated this 11th dow of Lune 1801
WHEATLEY & MACKENZIE,
40, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents.