Improvements in Wheels or Pulleys.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Dec., 1899--Accepted, 17th Feb., 1900
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Wheels or Pulleys.
I, FERDINAND PHILIPS, of 505, North Twenty First Street, in the City and
County of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, one of the United States
of America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
aly invention relates to the construction of wheels and is particularly adapted
for use in the construction of pulleys, the object of my invention being to provide a
wheel at once simple, strong and economical in construction. My invention
consists in part in improvements in the construction of a sheet metal rim for the
wheel; in part in novel and advantageous features of construction in the
spokes of the wheel, and in part in particular arrangements and connections of the
spokes with the hub and rim.
The nature of my improvements will be best understood as described in connec-
tion with the drawings in which they are illustrated and in which
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a wheel embodying my improvements, the rim
being shown as in section on the line 1-1 of Fig. 2.
Figure 2 is a view of one half of the wheel taken on the section line 2-2 of
Fig. 1.
Figure 3 is a fragmentary view of a portion of the rim showing a detail of con-
struction.
Figure 4 is a perspective view showing a detail of the spoke construction illus-
trated in Figs. 1 and 2.
Figure is a plan view of the hub shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
Figure 6 is an end view of one of the hub sections.
Figure 7 is a view illustrating a modified form of pulley embodying my
invention
Figure 8 is an elevation showing another pulley of modified form but still
embodying my invention, the rim being shown as in section on the line 8-8 of
Fig. 9.
Figure 9 is a sectional view taken on the line 9--9 of Fig. 8.
Figure 10 is a plan view of the hub as shown in the pulley illustrated in Figs. 8
and 9..
Figure 11 is an edge view of one section of the hub.
Figure 12 an end view of the same hub section.
Figure 13 a sectional view of the hub section taken as on the line 13-13. of
Fig. 10.
Figure 14 is an elevation showing still another pulley embodying another modifi-
cation of my invention.
Figure 15 is a section through the rim and connected parts of the spokes taken
on the line 15-15 of Fig. 14.
Figure 16 is an enlarged view of the joint by which the divisional rim sections
are secured together said view being taken as on the line 16-16 of Fig. 17.
Figure 17 is a view of the rim joint taken as on the line 17-17 of Fig. 16.

page_text: Figure 18 is a perspective view showing the manner in which the rim is cut and
folded to form the abutting ends of the joint.
Figure 19 is a perspective view showing the manner in which the plies of the
rim are folded and secured together to form the abutting flanges of the joint.
Figure 20 is a section on the line 20-20 of Fig. 19.
Figure 21 is a plan view showing the joint formed between two abutting
rim sections.
Figure 22 is a perspective view illustrating a modification in the formation of
the abutting flanges for the joint.
Figure 23 is a section on the line 23-23 of Fig. 22.
Figure 24 is a view illustrating the joint made between two abutting rim
sections having flanges constructed as in Fig. 22.
Figures 25 and 26 illustrate two modifications in the make up of the joint.
A in all the figures indicates the sheet metal rim which may be properly called
a two ply rim as in all parts it consists of two layers or plies of the sheet metal
folded the one upon the other. The outer layer of metal I have indicated by the
letter a and the inner ply by the letter a³, and, preferably, I turn the edges
of the rim inward forming inwardly extending flanges, as indicated at a¹ and a².
The outer ply of the metal is continuous forming the face of the wheel or pulley
without seam, but the inner plies a a³, formed by turning the sheet metal under
the ply a at each edge of the rim, are formed with inwardly turned abutting
flanges, as indicated at a, a, forming an inwardly extending two ply flange to
which the bars, forming the spokes of the wheel, are to be secured, and, for certain
constructions, to be hereafter described, I prefer to form these inwardly extend-
ing flanges with notches, as indicated at a5 a5 best shown in Fig. 3.
For both purposes, and for the ordinary construction of pulleys, the inwardly
extending flange at a will lie in the centre of the rim and the entire rim will
consist of an integral sheet of metal, or rather of two such sheets where, as is
usually the case, the pulley is made separable. Where, however, a pulley of great
breadth of face is required and where the rim is to be supported by
what may
be called, two entirely distinct sets of spokes, I con-
struct the rim, as is shown in Fig. 7, a second piece of sheet metal
indicated at a, provided with inwardly turned flanges a², being set between
the inwardly turned flanges as of the plies a³, and, in this construction, each of
the spoke connecting flanges is formed of the two abutting flanges a' and a. As, in
all sheet metal rims, joints are necessarily to be provided for between abutted
or connected ends of the rim, generally two such joints being used connecting
two semi-cylindrical rim sections corresponding to two separable hub sections.
Any convenient joint may be used for uniting the rim sections but I have invented
and prefer to use the joints shown in the drawings and illus-
trated, particularly, in Figs. 16 to 26 inclusive. In forming this joint
I cut the metal of the flanges a' a', as indicated at Fig. 18, and the flanges a¹ a³
as indicated at y y Fig. 18, the plan of the cuts being approximately that at which
the joint between rim ends or sections is to be made. For the strongest construc-
tion of joint then bend the portion lying to the outside of these cuts upward,
as indicated in Fig. 19, the upwardly turned portion of the outer face or ply of the
rim being indicated at b and the upwardly turned portions of the inner plies a³
being indicated at 63 At the same time I spread the portions
of the flanges a lying in the turned up portion, which, as a whole, I have in-
dicated by the symbol B, apart SO that those portions indicated
at 6 6 will lap on each side of the flange formed by the abutted flanges a* and I
lap the turned up portion of the flange a a² on the inside of said flange as is'
indicated at 61 62, Fig. 19, and I secure the lapped portions of the flanges together
as by means of rivets, indicated at B1 and B2. The joint between abutted ends
or sections of the rim is then readily formed as indicated in Fig. 21, bolts or other
anchoring devices B³ B³ passing through the abutted inwardly turned end flanges
of the rim sections.

page_text: In many cases it will be unnecessary to make the end abutment flanges so
heavy as they are in the above described construction; thus, in Figs. 22 and 24,
I have illustrated a construction in which the outer plies a is not turned up and
in which the corresponding outer plies a¹ of the edge flanges of the wheel are not
turned in, the end abutment flanges being formed by the upwardly turned
portion of the inner plies a³ of the pulley rim. This construction has a point
of advantage in permitting of the formation of an abutted joint between the
unturned edges of the outer plies a a of the rim as is best shown in Fig. 24.
It is even quite sufficient to rely upon the lapped union between the flanges a
and 6 to hold the end abutting flanges in place, the portion of the upwardly turned
end of the rim corresponding with the edge flanges being cut away, as indicated,
for instance, by the dotted line at y, Fig. 18, and such a construction is illustrated
in Fig. 25, while in Figure 26 I have shown my abutment joint applied to a rim
made without the inwardly turned edge flanges.
Cindicate the two halves of a divided pulley hub having the general charac-
teristics of such hubs as used with divided or sectional pulleys. As shown, they
are made with laterally extending perforated platforms, as indicated at C', sup-
ported on inwardly tapering webs C and arranged to come opposite to each other,
as shown, so that bolts D D etc., can be used to fasten the two hub sections together.
In this feature my hub does not differ essentially from others in common use. The
portion of the hub lying between the platform C¹ is preferably formed with out-
wardly projecting lugs, such as are indicated at C and C, or, in Fig. 8, at and ³,
and these lugs, or other parts of the hub corresponding to them in position are
formed with perforations C6 running through them parallel to the axis of the
hub and of a size and character adapted to admit of a pin or bolt, such as is
indicated at H. As commonly used the hubs are provided with liners such as are
indicated at C C7, see Figs. 8 and 9.
I form the spokes of my wheel of relatively wide and thin plates or strips of
sheet metal, such as are indicated at E¹ E in the drawings, and preferably
I stiffen and strengthen these plates by forming in them longitudinal corruga-
tions, as indicated at e¹, see Figs. 1 and 2, and each spoke which is indicated by
the letter E consists, in my construction, of two such wide and thin plates lying in
planes substantially parallel to each other and transverse to the axis of the wheel,
the plates being at their outer ends secured at a point on the rim of the wheel
and diverging thence to two relatively widely separated points on the hub
of the wheel to which points they are secured so that each spoke consists of what
may be called a triangular truss with its butt end fastened to the hub and its apex
to the rim of the wheel and I greatly prefer and recommend that the securing
of the spoke plates to the hub shall in all cases be by means of pin connections
such as the pins H. The outer ends of the spoke plates may also be secured to the
rim or its flange a by pin connections as indicated at G in Figs. 8, 9 and 14,
but preferably I secure the outer ends of the spoke plates not directly together,
but by rivets, as indicated at g', see Fig. I, to a plate F, best shown in Fig. 4,
the outer end of this plate being adapted to fit neatly into the notch or recess as as
in the rim flange and the outer ends of the plates E' extending beyond the plate F
lapping and being secured to the flange a by rivets gg as indicated in Figs. 1 and 2.
It is also an important feature of construction in my wheel that two sets of
triangular spokes could be used, both secured to the same rim flange, as a', but
each diverging from the plane of this rim flange in opposite directions and being
secured on opposite ends of the hub, and in the drawings I have indicated the
spokes diverging in one direction by the letter E and those diverging in the
opposite direction by the symbol E. For the most part I have shown in the
drawings the spokes of the set E and those of the set E* as arranged opposite to
each other so as to form what might be called a single spoke of pyramidal outline;
in Fig. 14, however I have illustrated a permissible modification in which the
spokes E and the spokes E* have their outer ends symmetrically spaced around the
circumference of the rim so as to present the appearance and have to a certain

page_text: extent the qualities of a wheel having double the number of spokes as compared
with those of the other figures.
It will be obvious that the means for securing the triangular spokes to the hub
sections may be very considerably varied, thus, in Figs. I and 2, I. provide each
pulley section with three spokes on each side and the inner ends of the spoke plates
are secured as shown to four perforated lugs (+ and C³, four being secured on the
pin H passing through each of the lugs C and two on each of the pins H passing
through the lugs C. In Fig. 8 however I have shown another construction in
which but three perforated lugs are required on each hub section, four spoke bars
being fastened to each pin H.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
1. A wheel having its rim and hub connected by a series of wide and thin bars
arranged in pairs with their wide sides parallel to each other and lying in planes
transverse to the axis of the wheel, each such pair having their outer ends secured
to a point on the rim and the bars diverging thence to two separated points on.
the hub to which they are secured, so as to form a triangular truss spoke as.
described.
2. A wheel having its rim and hub connected by a series of wide and thin longitu-
dinally corrugated bars arranged in pairs with their wide sides parallel to each
other, and lying in planes transverse to the axis of the wheel, each such pair
having their outer ends secured to a point on the rim and the bars diverging
thence to two separated points on the hub to which they are secured so as to
form a triangular truss spoke as described.
3. A wheel having its rim and hub connected by a double series of triangular
truss spokes secured at their apices to the rim and at their bases to the hub
and each lying in a plane transverse to the axis of the wheel, the one series angling
from the centre of the rim outward toward one end of the hub and the other
series angling outward from the centre of the rim toward the other end of the hub.
4. A wheel having its rim and hub connected by a double series of triangular
truss spokes each made up of two wide and thin bars secured at their apices
to the rim and at their bases to the hub and each lying in a plane transverse to
the axis of the wheel, the one series angling from the centre of the rim outward.
toward one end of the hub and the other series angling outward from the centre
of the rim toward the other end of the hub.
5. A wheel having its rim and hub connected by a double series of triangular
truss spokes each made up of two wide and thin bars the spokes of each series.
being secured at their apices to the centre of the rim and at their bases to the
hub and each lying in a plane transverse to the axis of the wheel and being
arranged in pairs, one spoke of each series being secured to the same point on
the rim and diverging thence toward opposite ends of the hub.
6. A wheel having a rim provided with an inwardly turned flange formed with
notches as a a³, in combination with spokes formed of wide and thin-bars -
secured to the rim flange above such notches, and plates, as F, secured to the
spokes and fitting into the notches in the rim flange.
7. A wheel having a rim provided with an inwardly turned flange formed with
notches, as as a, in combination with triangular truss spokes formed of wide and
thin bars as described, plates F securing said spokes together near their outer
ends and said spokes being fastened to the rim by securing their extreme outer
ends to the rim flange and by the enagagement of plates F in the notches a5 a5.
8. A wheel having a rim provided with an inwardly turned flange formed with
notches as a5 a5, in combination with triangular truss spokes formed of wide and
thin bars, plates F securing said spokes together in pairs as described and said
spokes being fastened to the rim by securing their ends to the rim flange and by
the, engagement of plates F with notches aa5.
9. A wheel rim segment formed of a single sheet of metal folded inward under

page_text: a central section at both sides and downward toward the centre of the rim at the
ends so as to form a two ply rim with an intermediate flange or flanges as described.
10. A wheel rim segment formed of a single sheet of metal folded inward under
a central portion at both sides and downward toward the centre of the rim at
the ends to form a two ply rim with double centrally extending flanges at its
middle substantially as described.
11. A wheel rim segment formed of a single sheet of metal folded inward under
a central portion at both sides and downward toward the centre of the rim at the
ends and the folded edges being bent also downward towards the centre of the rim
all substantially as described and so as to form a two ply rim with centrally
extending flanges at its middle and lateral edges.
12. A metal rim section formed with one or more centrally extending flanges
and with end flanges, as b³, formed by turning inward towards the centre the metal
of the ends of the section, lapping the portions of the centrally extending flange or
flanges corresponding to the turned in portion of the rim on the adjacent portions
of the said flange or flanges and securing said lapped portions together.
13. A two ply metal rim section formed of a single sheet of metal with a middle
centrally extending double flange and end flanges b, 63 formed by turning inward
the ends of the pulley section, lapping the section of the middle flange correspond-
ing to said turned in portion on the adjacent portion of the flange and securing
said lapped flange portions together.
14. A wheel having in combination a hub formed with a series of transverse
longitudinal perforations, a series of triangular spokes lying transverse to the axis
of the wheel, cach consisting of two wide and thin bars secured at their inner
ends on the same side of the hub to pins passing through different perforations in
the hub, and a rim to which the outer ends of the bars forming the triangular
spokes are secured.
15. A wheel having in combination a hub formed with a series of transverse
longitudinal perforations, two series of triangular spokes lying transverse to the
axis of the wheel, each spoke consisting of two wide and thin bars, said triangular
spokes being secured at their apices to the rim and the diverging bars being
secured to and on the same side of the hub by pins passing through the perfora-
tions in the hub and each securing in place the inner ends of two or more bars.
Dated this 19th day of December 1899.
FELL & JAMES,
Agents for the Applicant.