matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELASTIC WEBS FOR THE SIDES OF BOOTS AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Astill at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th July 1879.
JOHN ASTILL, of the Firm of Hodges and Astill, Elastic Web Manufacturers, of
Leicester, in the County of Leicester. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
ELASTIC WEBS FOR THE SIDES OF BOOTS AND OTHER PURPOSES."
The object of this Invention is to manufacture elastic webs for the sides of boots
or other purposes for which such like elastic material may be used of greater
durability than that which is made at present and without addition to the cost of
manufacture.
In ordinary webs the rubbers are placed between a smooth front and back, and
held by threads called binders " sewn lengthwise between each rubber. The
rubbers in webs made in this manner soon begin to slip when the web is used and
the web loses its elasticity for practical purposes. Now according to my Invention
I secure the rubbers more firmly to the face and back of the web substantially in
the following manner:-In addition to the ordinary lengthwise "binders" I sew
across the web, either using the material of which the face and back are composed,
as the sewing thread, or employ extra thread or threads between each rubber in
such a manner as to produce a pile on both sides of the web (that is, front and
back) similar to the pile of an ordinary Brussels carpet, or as is known in the trade
as "double shuttle fold Brussels terry;" or if desired the pile may be only on one
side of the web.
Webs made in this way in addition to wearing much longer than those now in
use, present a much better appearance on the face, and are capable of being more
firmly fixed.
I effect the above cross sewing by an ordinary power loom by adjusting the cams
accordingly and altering the pass.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR ORNAMENTING WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Mann at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd October 1879.
HENRY MANN, of the Firm of Henry Mann, Son, & Co., of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Merchant and Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD
OF AND APPARATUS FOR ORNAMENTING WOVEN FABRICS."
My Invention consists in ornamenting woven fabrics by perforating or
embossing and perforating patterns on them. In performing my Invention [
make use of two or more rollers, upon one or more of which certain patterns
or parts of patterns are engraved, to produce, with the addition of pins or
projections to pierce or perforate the cloth, the appearance of brocade and network,
or lace. These pins or projections may be applied to the rollers commonly used for
embossing textile fabrics. Another part of my Invention consists in the application
of pins or projections to rollers engraved with a spiral pattern for embossing
neckties, scarves, and other articles, which pins I arrange in a spiral design to
perforate the scarves or other articles which with the embossing process will give
them the appearance of brocade and network or lace.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BORING, CUTTING, DRESSING, AND SHAPING ROCK AND STONE, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dickinson Brunton, Frank
Henry Julius Trier, and Almire Henry Rapp at the Office of the Commis-
sioners of Patents on the 25th July 1879.
JOHN DICKINSON BRUNTON and FRANK HENRY JULIUS TRIER, commonly known
as FRANK TRIER, both of Great George Street, in the City of Westminster, and
ALMIRE HENRY RAPP, of Paris, in the Republic of France. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BORING, CUTTING, DRESSING, AND SHAPING ROCK AND STONE, AND IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
THE
Our Invention relates to an apparatus for boring, cutting, dressing, and shaping
rock and stone, and which is capable of being readily held in and guided by the
hand of the operator; in other words, while leaving the guidance and direction of
the chisel or other cutting tool as much or nearly as much in the hand and under
the control of the workman as when he is chipping with a hand hammer to furnish
blows to the chisel with a rapidity far beyond what is possible by band with a
hammer, and thus greatly to augment the quantity of work performed in a given
time.
In carrying out our Invention we employ a hammer and a chisel, borer or other
suitable tool, and we actuate the hammer so as to impart a succession of blows to
the said chisel, borer or other tool by raising such hammer and allowing or causing
it to strike the tool, and thus to cut or clip the rock or stone operated upon.
In order to impart the requisite motion to the hammer and at the same time to
admit of the ready manipulation of the instrument, we employ a band or cord,
elastic or otherwise, or a flexible or jointed transmitter of power, or a flexible tube
for conducting compressed air, steam, or other motive fluid to the instrument.
When we employ a band, cord, or flexible or jointed shaft, we raise or draw back
the hammer by means of a cam of a helical or excentric figure, and to which rotary
motion is communicated by means of the band or cord, or by the said shaft; the
hammer being released and caused to strike the said tool under the impulse of
gravitation, or of a spring, or elastic substance, or of compressed air, steam, or other
motive fluid.
When we employ a flexible tube for the transmission of a motive fluid in order
to actuate the hammer, we use a cylinder and piston with necessary valves for the
distribution of the fluid as will be well understood,

page_text: When the apparatus is of such dimensions that to sustain it in the hand becomes
difficult and burdensome by reason of its weight, we suspend it to a cord carried
over a pulley having a balance weight at its other end, or we counterbalance its
weight by any other convenient means consistent with its free guidance, control,
and direction by the workman.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING AND DOUBLING MACHINERY
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clough at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th July 1879.
JOHN CLOUGH, of Keighley, in the County of York, Spinner and Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING AND DOUBLING MACHINERY."
The object of my Invention is to stop the supply or delivery of the roving to the
front rollers in spinning frames when the yarn is broken and thus prevent
the accumulation of waste on the front rollers and the union of the broken ends of
yarn with the yarn that is being spun on to the adjacent bobbin, also to prevent
the slipping of the yarn on the ordinary vertical trap rollers in doubling frames.
I accomplish my objects in the following manner:-In place of the ordinary
back rollers in frames used for spinning wool, silk, mohair, alpaca, and other similar
materials, I substitute a series of revolving vertical or diagonal rollers, to which
motion is imparted by means of one or more horizontal shafts placed in the
longitudinal direction of the frame, on which are mounted wheels which gear into
other wheels secured on spindles that are in connection with the said vertical or
diagonal rollers. These rollers are driven by frictional contact with discs that are
formed near to the top of each spindle, and in order to increase the friction I place
a washer of leather or other flexible material between the top of each disc and a
collar to which is attached the roller; the weight of the roller and collar resting
upon the flexible washer causes the same to revolve and each of the rollers that is
in connection with the before named collars is provided with a pressure roller
which revolves by frictional contact with the first named roller, and the roving in
its travel passes between the said rollers through a traversing guide which is placed
in front to the front rollers of the frame. When the yarn leaves the front rollers it
is conducted over one end of a balanced lever of the first order to the bobbin on the
spindle; thus the drag of the yarn presses the end of the balanced lever down and
raises the other end of the lever clear of a number of teeth or projections formed in
the collar before mentioned.
If in case any of the threads of yarn break, the end of balanced lever over which
the broken yarn should pass will rise, consequently the other end will fall and drop
into one of the spaces in the before named collar formed by the teeth or projections
and prevent the collar and rollers revolving, thus stopping the delivery of roving
to the front rollers and prevent waste and twofold yarn.

page_text: In order to apply my Invention to doubling frames I attach a pressure roller to
each of the ordinary vertical trap rollers and conduct the threads of yarn between
the said rollers so that the frictional contact of the rollers prevent the threads of
yarn slipping as is the case when the threads are simply passed round the ordinary
vertical trap roller.
IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON TELEGRAPH POSTS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd April 1879. A communication from
Wolfgang Kapp and Hermann Kehl, of Bork on the Lippe, in the Empire of
Germany.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at Frank-
fort on the Main, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON TELEGRAPH
POSTS." [A communication from Wolfgang Kapp and Hermann Kehl, of Bork on
the Lippe, in the Empire of Germany.]
m
This Invention relates to improvements in iron telegraph posts, and is carried
into practise as follows, that is to say-The post consists of a central bar of rolled
iron, preferably about metres long and 30/m thick, and three rods of round
rolled iron, preferably 4 metres long and 13" thick. These rods are provided at
the top with heads, and are arranged to enter a head plate placed on the aforesaid
central bar, and provided with slots or recesses into which the said rods are passed
and with projections on its upper surface, behind which the heads on the said rods
rest when they are placed in the said recesses. The lower ends of the said rods are
provided with a screw thread and passed through the top plate of a suitable shoe,
which is sunk into the ground and forms the support for the central bar, the said
shoe being preferably Y-shaped in transverse section. Upon the ends of the said
rods below the said top plate nuts are placed, and by screwing up the said nuts
against the underside of the said top plate the rods are tightened so as to hold the
aforesaid central bar firmly in position. Cross pieces or stretchers provided with
arms are arranged at suitable distances apart on the aforesaid central bar or pole,
and the said arms are provided with slots in their outer ends in which the aforesaid
rods are placed.
The central bar is provided with horizontal bars of the ordinary construction at
its upper end for carrying the wires.
Although I have only described three rods in connection with the central bar or
pole I wish it understood that I may use a greater number of such rods, according
to the height and strength of the said pole.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND IN APPARATUS FOR ACTUATING THEM AND FOR FEEDING THEM WITH FUEL
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Garner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th October 1879.
WILLIAM GARNER, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
FURNACES AND IN APPARATUS FOR ACTUATING THEM AND FOR FEEDING THEM WITH
FUEL."
This Invention consists chiefly in an arrangement of furnace, a mode of actuating
the bars, and an apparatus for feeding it with fuel. The furnace is cylindrical and
rotates in a horizontal plane. The grate consists of bars which reach from side to
side of furnace, the ends resting on a frame, and every alternate bar is movable, and
preferably linked together. The frame is supported on a central pillar, and is
attached to a large bevel wheel, a bevel pinion driven by rope or other gearing
actuates same. The links linking the bars together, or the ends of the bars if
separate, are linked to bell crank levers, each of which have an arm descending
vertically, and as the furnace revolves these arms are actuated by a cam, and so give
the bars a periodical rise so as to stir up the fire, and tend to prevent the formation
of clinkers. It will be seen at once that a chain, spur, or friction gearing, could
take the place of the bevel gearing without departing from the principles of my
Invention, and that two bell cranks by being coupled each to half the bars, would
be quite sufficient to stir the entire grate, one half alternating with the other half.
My feeder is based on the well known spring and shovel principal; an arm on the
shovel axis is forced forward against the pressure of the spring; by means of pins
on a revolving wheel, as the pin passes the arm, the spring is released and in its
recoil throws the shovel forward. The mode of feeding the coal to the shoot is
especially novel. I construct a hopper with an inclined bottom; on this bottom is a
flat serrated plate or pusher worked by a throw wheel. This forces the coal to a
door kept closed at other times by a counter weight; as the pusher is worked
forward it pushes the coal in front of it into the shoot descending to the shovel
which guides it on to the various zones of the fire, and on the recoil of the spring
shakes off any that sticks and spreads it also on the fire. The shaft working the
throw wheel and the peg wheel is driven by rope, chain, or in any other convenient
Sometimes in large fires I cause the coal to collect at the base of the
hovel to a considerable extent and on the recoil of the spring this is jerked forward
and covers the further portion of the grate.
manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF HOT AIR HEATING APPARATUS FOR WARMING PUBLIC AND PRIVATE BUILDINGS, BATHS, HOTHOUSES, AND DRYING HOUSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Byram at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th March 1879.
WILLIAM HENRY BYRAM, Employé of Messrs. Walton & Brear, of Bradford, in
the County of York, Plumbers and Gas Fitters. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF HOT AIR HEATING APPARATUS FOR WARMING PUBLIC AND PRIVATE
BUILDINGS, BATHS, HOTHOUSES, AND DRYING HOUSES."
My said Invention relates to improved construction of heating apparatus for
heating and generating currents of air by means of coal gas, or by a mixture of
gas and air, or by any other suitable gas, or by means of fire.
For this purpose I construct a heating chamber which may be made cylindrical,
oval, square, or oblong; the heating chamber is made of sheet iron, cast iron, or
copper, or of any suitable material, but I prefer sheet copper; the high conducting
power of that metal renders it very appropriate for that purpose; the heating
chamber is fitted with a series of tubes or pipes, by preference of copper, and the
tubes or pipes are fitted in the bottom and top plates of the chamber, leaving a
free passage through the tubes or pipes, and these tubes or pipes are fitted with
plates to cause the current of air to strike on the plates and give a circulating
current of air, thereby increasing its useful effect; the heating chamber is fitted on
a frame forming the air chamber; the atmospheric air enters the chamber through a
pipe or pipes, and in the pipe fitted to the air chamber is fitted a damper to
regulate the flow of atmospheric air, which passes from the air chamber through
the tubes or pipes circulating in them, and passes into a hot air chamber fitted on
the top of the heating chamber, and from there through pipes to warm the required
room or rooms, buildings, baths, hothouses, or drying houses; the pipe cast or
connected to the hot air chamber is also fitted with a damper to regulate the flow
of heated air.
The heating chamber is fitted with gas piping, which is placed on the top of the
bottom plate of the chamber and between the pipes; these gas pipes are fitted with
Bunsen's burners, and at such a distance apart that when one jet is ignited the
flame may travel from burner to burner; the heating gases are brought in contact
with the outer surfaces of the tubes or pipes, heating the pipes, which heat is
communicated by the metal to the air circulating in them, by which means a large
amount of heat is obtained and also of heated air; the burnt products of com-
bustion escape through a pipe fitted near the top of the heating chamber; a door is

page_text: fitted in front of the heating chamber to which is fitted a regulator to admit air to
the gas jets, and a door is fitted at the back for cleansing purposes.
If the apparatus is fitted with a furnace instead of gas piping and burners, the
front of the heating chamber is made with a fire box in which are fitted fire bars,
and an ash-pit fitted with a door is also fitted in the bottom part of the fire box.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PEDALS FOR BICYCLES AND SIMILAR VEHICLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Newton Wilson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th December 1879.
NEWTON WILSON, of 144, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PEDALS FOR BICYCLES AND SIMILAR VEHICLES."
This Invention relates to a peculiar balanced combination pedal for bicycles and
similar vehicles worked by pedals, the main object being to ensure the pedal always
presenting itself in the best position for the rider when mounting. For this purpose
I make the pedal with two roughened metal foot plates or bars, one on each side of
the centre spindle, & raised above it, having their surfaces scored or cut so as to
present several lines or series of pyramidal projections, forming a safe foot hold.
Beneath these roughened metal foot plates or bars there are disposed the ordinary
rubber cylinders mounted on spindles & situate below the centre spindle. The
rubber cylinders being heavier than the metal bars the pedal is so balanced as that
the metal bars shall always, when at rest, be uppermost or in the best position for
mounting. Any bearing may be employed for my improved pedal, but I prefer to
employ the bearing and mode of adjusting the same described in the Specification to
the Patent of Wilson & Marshall, dated April 24th, 1879, No. 1608, with the
addition of a peculiar adjusting cap or plate, consisting of a disc grooved on its
inner face to fit over the end of the outer coned adjusting collar whilst engaging
with projections in such collar by means of notches in the face of the said disc.
An outer annular groove of a T section in the inner face of the disc engages with
a T headed pin or bolt, which is passed through the outer plate of the pedal, & is
capable of being turned & then tightened up so as to secure or fix the disc or cap
in position. In order to tighten or slacken the bearing the T headed bolt is first
slackened, so as to release the disc or cap which is to be rotated to the right or left
as required, at the same time carrying round with it the outer adjusting coned
collar of the bearing. The inner groove on the face of the disc allows the said
collar free play to move inwards or outwards according to the direction of rotation.
This disc or cap serves also as a further protection against dust & dirt, & gives a
neat finish to the pedal.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOCK-STITCH SEWING MACHINES WITH SHUTTLES."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alice Marie Tocque at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th October 1879.
ALICE MARIE TOCQUE, of 11, Bulstrode St., Cavendish Square, W. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOCK-STITCH SEWING MACHINES WITH SHUTTLES."
The placing of a reel of thread, equal in sizo and quantity to the reel ordinarily
used, at the top of said machines, underneath in the machinery and parallel to the
shuttle-carrier, from which reel understich can be supplied without intermission
till all the thread on said reel underneath is exhausted.
The bobbin generally employed in lock-stitch sewing machines is altogether
done away with, and the process known as "winding," incidental to the use of said
bobbin, and consequent waste of time are also avoided; add to this the com-
paratively small quantity of thread which, when wound on the bobbin, can be
inserted in the shuttle, its early exhaustion, and the time and trouble of frequent
winding of bobbin, and threading of holes or tensions of shuttle; all which are
removed by the use and application of my Invention..
The means to be adopted in order to the working of the under-reel consist in
deepening and widening the well of the machine table for the free play of under-reel;
in altering the shuttle by placing three long slots in the back of shuttle, and a
corresponding part of shuttle carrier is to be cut through in order to admit the thread
to tensions or holes of shuttle. The holes of shuttle will be increased for tension.
Springs and bar and holders of bar on which under-reel revolves are to bo introduced
at the back of the slide block bar. This block bar is to be partially divided, and
the part thus divided is to be rounded & polished, to prevent the thread which
passes through being injured or impeded in its passage. The iron plate which
covers from view the nether machinery, is to be modified in such a manner as
to render the placing of the under-reel in working order without undoing the
inachine. This is effected by steel slides, which move at right angles, but not
necessarily so, to the slides which conceal from view the shuttle-carrier and shuttle.
When foregoing alterations and improvements have been made, the superior
positive advantages to the public of Invention aforesaid are, I submit, apparent.
The bobbin of existing sewing machines do not work with more than about
twenty yards of thread, whereas a reel varying from three to six hundred or more
yards of thread can through said Invention be worked, and produce as good a
stitch in every respect as the machines with bobbins, without the loss of time, labor,
and expense attendant on the existing systems.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILROAD SPIKES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thomson King at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th February 1879. A communication
from abroad by Reinhold Boeklen, of the City, County, and State of New
York, United States of America.
JOHN THOMSON KING, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Patent Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILROAD SPIKES." [A communication from abroad by
Reinhold Boeklen, of the City, County, and State of New York, United States of
America.]
This Invention consists,-First. In providing the spike at the upper part of its
shank with a flange or nose protruding in an inclination from said shank rearward
and over the cross tie or sleeper, said protruding nose being placed considerably
below the clamping head and at a proper distance between the upper side of the
resting flange of the rail and the upper surface of the tie, so as to permit said nose
to rest firmly on the tie or sleeper when the spike is driven home, whereby said nose
without adding to the weight of the spike serves to counteract most effectually the
side pressure of the rail.
The shank may be of any usual form, but it is preferred to fashion it with a taper
core and a helical thread. It is also preferred to form the outer bearing or thrust
end of the flange or nose of greater width than the inner end.
Second. In constructing or forming spikes made under the above first head
with a double spiral or helical thread, so as to ensure that the said spikes shall enter
the cross tie or sleeper in the desired direction.
Third. In constructing spikes under the first or second heads in such manner
that the helical thread or helical threads are so arranged with regard to the
position of the flanges or noses that the said flanges or noses shall point in the same
direction both when the spikes are entering the cross tie or sleeper and when they
are driven home.
Spikes constructed as above are driven or forced into the wood of the cross tie or
sleeper in any ordinary manner.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR GOVERNING OR MASTERING RESTIVE OR UNRULY HORSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th September 1879. A communication
from abroad by Ambroise Bontemps, of Paris, France.
WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, London, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR GOVERNING
OR MASTERING RESTIVE OR UNRULY HORSES." A communication from abroad by
Ambroise Bontemps, of Paris, France.
The apparatns the subject of this Invention may be fitted without difficulty to
all kinds of bridle bits, it is fixed or removed by hand in a moment by means of a
simple and strong fastening, the horse may be driven with single reins on the
apparatus better than with any of the curb-bits hitherto used. The guiding
impulsion which the horse receives is gentler and more certain than with any
ordinary bit.
.
The apparatus in double is placed on each side between the mouth and the
bit, by means of two curb chains, the one placed in front fixed on the top of
the or upon the bridle on both sides, with a strap on each side hooking on to
the lower part of the apparatus and the back curb fixed at the top of the apparatus.
In driving, should the horse show a disposition to become restive, the advantage is
afforded by this apparatus of mastering it before it becomes unruly; directly the
horse is quieted its entire freedom is again restored to it, the pressure obtained on
the nose of the horse by pulling on the reins is like that of a brake held in the
hand and tightened and loosened instantaneously at pleasure.
This improved apparatus may be made of various shapes and of different kinds
of metal.
The accompanying Sheet of Drawing shows an apparatus of this Invention.
A indicates the apparatus open for the entrance of the bit.
B, the apparatus in place and closed on the bit.
C, small chain passing under the lower jaw or chin of the horse to be hooked on
the top of the two apparatuses.
D, small chain which may be hooked on the top of the bit or on the bridle
passing over the nose of the horse with a strap on each side underneath fastening
on to the apparatus.
E, lower part of the apparatus to which the reins are attached.
F, fastening of the apparatus.
A NEW (OR IMPROVED) MACHINE FOR BREAKING DOWN OR DEMOLISHING THE BRICK OR STONE WALLS OF HOUSES AND OTHER STRUCTURES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Oscher Ber at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th August 1879.
"
OSCHER BER, of Wierzbalowa, in the Russian Empire, and of Fleet Street, in the
City of London, Engineer, A NEW (OR IMPROVED) MACHINE FOR BREAKING
DOWN OR DEMOLISHING THE BRICK OR STONE WALLS OF HOUSES AND OTHER
STRUCTURES."
My Invention relates to a new (or improved) machine for breaking down or
demolishing the brick or stone walls of houses, and other structures; it consists
of an upright frame on which is an adjustable stage or platform, which can be
raised or lowered as desired, and on which a wedge shaped tool, or tool having an
inclined plane, is placed, and which is used for breaking down or destroying the
wall. The wedged shaped tool is actuated by a tilt or swing hammer, which is
mounted on an axis placed between the uprights of the frame, such hammer being
itself operated on by a cam, wiper, or eccentric mounted on a shaft. This cam,
wiper, or eccentric is actuated by suitable gearing worked by hand, steam, or
otherwise. The head of the hammer is adjustable on its stock, so that it can be
raised or lowered according to the height at which the stage or platform carrying
the breaking tool is placed.
By operating the gearing the cam, wiper, or eccentric actuates the hammer, and
causes it to impart blows to the tool, and thus to drive the same into the wall to
be destroyed or broken down; a great saving of manual labour is thus effected.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF TREATING IRON FOR THE MANU- FACTURE OF CASKS OR DRUMS FOR CONTAINING TURPENTINE, OILS, OR SPIRITS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Gould at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th January 1879.
FREDERICK GOULD, of 1, Glossop Villas, Ashbourne Grove, Champion Hill; in
the County of Surrey. "AN IMPROVED MODE OF TREATING IRON FOR THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CASKS OR DRUMS FOR CONTAINING TURPENTINE, OILS, OR SPIRITS."
This Invention consists in an improved mode of treating the iron plates of which
the casks or drums are made, so as to prevent them discoloring the contents. The
plates are first cleaned in a bath of muriatic acid or vitriol as usual. They are
then immersed in cold water and afterwards heated nearly to a red heat, when the
parts are ready to be joined together. The edges or such parts that are to be
joined together are then painted or covered first with muriatic acid alone, and
afterwards with a solution of zinc dissolved in muriatic acid, when they can be
readily fastened together by soldering.
In some cases the inside of the plates are covered with "knotting," which is a
preparation of shellac dissolved in spirit, as a greater security against the dis-
coloring of the contents of the casks or drums by its action on the plates.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW SASH FASTENERS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Percy Roberts at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th April 1879.
RICHARD PERCY ROBERTS, of Gerston Terrace, Paignton, in the County of
Devon, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW SASH FASTENERS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in window sash fasteners.
In order to prevent the insertion of a knife or other like instrument between
the sashes of a window to force back the locking lever of the sash fastener I hinge
to the plate carrying the curved guide, or to the plate carrying the locking lever,
another plate, which when the sashes are closed covers over the opening between
the sashes under the locking lever, thereby preventing a knife or other instrument
being pushed up between the sashes.
In order to prevent the lever being drawn back by a wire, as is now sometimes
done, I protect the knob of the lever by a suitably formed guard, which, when the
sashes are locked, prevents the wire from encircling the knob or other portion of
the locking lever.
When the sashes are required to pass each other, for example, when the top
window is being cleaned, the hinged plate is turned back by hand, or it may be
caused to rise and fall automatically by the locking lever when moved to unlock or
lock the sashes coming against a projection carried by this plate, or a spring may
be used for this purpose.
This Invention may be applied to existing window fasteners by adding thereto
the hinged plate and guard, which may be made in one piece or separately.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Humphrey Bracewell, John Bulcock,
and John Rushton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st
May 1879.
HUMPHREY BRACEWELL and JOHN BULCOCK, of Burnley, in the County of
Lancaster, Machine Makers, and JOHN RUSHTON, of the same Place, Mechanic.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
This Invention relates to the " picking" apparatus employed in looms for
weaving, and our improvements consist in the employment of a grooved cam which
we fix upon the low or tappit shaft of the loom. Upon a stud fixed to the frame-
work we mount a lever, one end of which carries a friction bowl or runner which
enters the cam groove, and the other end is connected by a short rod to a projecting
arm fixed on the "picking" shaft. By means of slots cut in the lever and pro-
jecting arm the length of the stroke can be regulated.
By our Invention the loom can be turned in either direction, which cannot be
done with the present construction of picking mechanism; the notion is also more
positive, and we do not require springs for controlling the picking shaft, by which
we effect a saving of power.
AN IMPROVED TOBACCO-PIPE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Watson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th March 1879.
ERNEST WATSON, of Myddleton Square, in the County of Middlesex, Stock and
Share Broker. "AN IMPROVED TOBACCO-PIPE'
"
My Invention relates to an improved tobacco pipe, and is designed to provide
the same with effectual means for absorbing the nicotine or essential oil which is
ordinarily so detrimental to the health of smokers.
For this purpose I construct my improved pipe as follows, that is to say:-I
make the upper part of the bowl of the pipe separate from the lower part thereof,
and unite the two parts by screwing them together in such a manner that the said
top part may be readily removed. The lower part of the bowl forms a sink or
receptacle in which I place cotton-wool, sponge, or other suitable absorbing
material. The upper part of the bowl communicates by a small central hole with
a space above the sink in the lower part thereof, and this space communicates with
the stem by a small aperture extending from the said space down the side of the
bowl, but the sink in the bowl has no other outlet or communication with the
stem.
It will be obvious from the above description that in using the said pipe the smoke
will be drawn from the upper part of the bowl through the space above the sink
and the small aperture in the side of the lower portion of the bowl, while the
nicotine or oil will descend into the aforesaid sink or receptacle, where it will be
absorbed by the cotton wool or other material. When this absorbent material is
saturated it may be readily removed and replaced by a fresh portion of the
same.
My improved pipe may be made of wood or other suitable material, and of any
desired shape or pattern.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLE STOPPERS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Coope Haddan and William
Frederick Trotman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th
March 1879.
JOHN COOPE HADDAN, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil
Engineer, and WILLIAM FREDERICK TROTMAN, of the Zoological Gardens, in the
County of Middlesex, Refreshment Contractor. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLE
STOPPERS."
.
The improvements relate to internal stoppers for bottles intended for aërated
fluids and consist of a spherically shaped ball of elastic material of requisite specific
gravity made somewhat larger than the orifice and interior of the bottle neck
through which it is to be forced, so that after its passage through the neck of the
bottle it will recover its spherical shape and thereby serve as a stopper to the said
bottle when forced against the interior of the lower part of the bottle neck by the
aërated or gaseous liquid or fluid placed therein. When required to pour out the
contents of the bottle so stoppered it is merely necessary to force inwards the ball
from its position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ORNAMENTATION OF PLATED GOODS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edward Bingham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd December 1879.
JOHN EDWARD BINGHAM, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ORNAMENTATION OF PLATED GOODS."
This Invention relates more particularly to a novel method of producing a rich
and durable ornamentation on articles of gold or other plate at a more moderate
cost than usual, and it consists chiefly in first manufacturing the article to be
decorated of a white or light coloured metal which can be readily cut by engravers'
tools. The article being gilded, coppered, or bronzed by electro deposit or other
process is then engraved or etched, the gilded, coppered, or bronzed surface being
removed and the lighter coloured metal exposed, the contrast between the two
metals giving a very rich appearance to the article. To prevent the surface of the
white metal becoming dull by exposure to the action of the weather, gas, or other
causes, I deposit on the exposed surface of the white metal a coating of platina,
which, as is well known, retains its original colour for a very great length of time.
A NEW OR IMPROVED INSTRUMENT OR TOOL FOR CUTTING TWINE, THREAD, AND THE LIKE; ALSO FOR SHARPENING THE POINT OF A PENCIL, AND FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Frederick Hunt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th July 1879.
WILLIAM FREDERICK HUNT, of Little Windmill Street, Golden Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Manufacturer. "A NEW OR IMPROVED INSTRUMENT OR TOOL
FOR CUTTING TWINE, THREAD, AND THE LIKE; ALSO FOR SHARPENING THE POINT OF
A PENCIL, AND FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES."
My Invention relates to a new or improved instrument or tool for cutting twine,
thread, and the like; also for sharpening the point of a pencil and for other useful
purposes. It is composed of a strip or band of metal, a portion of which is formed
into a V or U shape, the inner edge (or edges) of which being sharpened forms the
cutter; the other portion of the strip is bent to the form of a ring, so that the
instrument or tool may be worn on the finger, the cutter projecting therefrom at
right angles.
'
The two ends of the annular or ring portion may be left unjoined, so as to give
elasticity to the ring portion in order that it may be adapted to fit any finger or
thumb of the wearer; but if desired, the instrument or tool may be inade in various
sizes and the extremities of the ring portion connected together.
Or if desired a cutter or blade may be hinged to a ring, and may be so contrived
as to open and close.
My improved instrument or tool may also be used for opening envelopes.
By the employment of this instrument a great saving of time is effected, as the
cutting instrument being always carried on the finger it is ready for use, and one
has not to leave the work under treatment to take up or put down a pair. of
scissors or other cutting tool. The outer edge of the cutter is rounded so as to
avoid injury to the user, or to any object with which it may come into contact.
When the instrument is not in use, or if it be desired to use the hand for other
purposes, the ring may be so turned as to cause its cutter to lie under or upon the
next finger, and thus be out of the way,
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER PROOF GARMENTS OR HEAD AND BODY COVERINGS FOR DRIVERS AND OTHERS EXPOSED TO THE WEATHER
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Governeaur Hamilton Griffin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd June 1879.
GOVERNEAUR HAMILTON GRIFFIN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER PROOF GARMENTS OR HEAD AND BODY COVERINGS
FOR DRIVERS AND OTHERS EXPOSED TO THE WEATHER."
This Invention has for its object a rain proof dress for cabinen, guards, train
drivers, pilots, and others exposed to the weather; parts of which are applicable for
ordinary wear.
It consists of a cap and cloak in one piece, made of waterproof material. The
cap covers the entire head and face with the exception of apertures for the eyes,
nose, and, if requisite, mouth and ears. There is a ventilator behind the neck.
It is preferably made of mackintosh cloth, not sewn but put together with rubber
solution and then vulcanized, so that there shall be no thread holes or thread for
the water to get in. The peak can be made of paste board or other material covered
with india rubber.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS APPARATUS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wright at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th February 1879.
FRANK WRIGHT, of No. 55, Millbank St., Westminster, in the County of
Middlesex, Gas Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS APPARATUS."
Firstly. "The construction of gas regulators or 'raeometres' in the following
manner.
A cylindrical chamber is provided having an inlet at its base, and one or more
orifices or drilled holes at its side into which is placed a disc or plate of metal or
earthenware having a hole in its centre, and thickened or turned over at its
periphery, so that it is deeper or wider than the orifices in the case or chamber.
This disc fits the chamber truly, but is free to move up or down. Around the chamber
is fitted a case to which is attached a burner or other orifice. The action of the
instrument is as follows:-The gas entering the chamber at the inlet passes through
the hole in the centre of the disc, and if the pressure is sufficient lifts it until the
orifices in the chamber are covered more or less by its periphery, thereby lessening
the supply of gas to the burner, and making the pressure accumulate above the
disc till it is brought into equlibrium. By this means a constant difference of
pressure is maintained between the top & bottom of the disc, and an equable flow
of gas ensured. More or less gas may be made to pass through the instrument
either by varying the weight of the disc, or by altering the size of the orifices in
the centre of the disc or chamber in which it is placed.
Secondly. The construction of photometric gas apparatus in which is combined
meter, governor, Kings' gauge, and clock, in one instrument, the clock being driven
or wound up by the meter. In this the power transmitted to the clock is regulated
to the desired amount by a spiral spring working in a barrel, one end being attached
to an arbor driven by the meter index, the other end being free to work in the
barrel. When the arbor is made to revolve by the working of the index, the
spring acquires a tension which is communicated to the clock train by the barel
& wheels attached thereto. The spring may be wound up at variable speeds, but
will always impart a constant power due to the friction between it and the inside
of the barrel.
MENTS IN STUDS AND BUTTONS." IMPROVE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Booth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th August 1879.
JAMES BOOTH, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manager.
MENTS IN STUDS AND BUTTONS."
IMPROVE-
This Invention refers to improvements in studs and buttons by which they can
be readily attached to the article without sewing or rivetting, and is more
especially applicable to studs or buttons used on boots, shoes, and gaiters. I
employ a front or face piece, to which is attached a stem with a flange or collar on
the opposite end to the face piece.
The stem is grooved either horizontally or diagonally, so that its diameter one
way is reduced. A back plate is employed, which back plate is slotted towards
the centre where a round opening is made. The slot in the plate is sufficiently large
to pass over the stem at the part where it is grooved, and thus it is capable of
passing on to the stem which is received in the centre of the washer; this washer is
then moved to the end of the stem up to the flange or collar, at which point the
washer cannot escape from the stem, the diameter of the steam being greater than
the width of the slot in the washer by which it was entered upon the stem. In
attaching the stud or button, the stem being inserted through the material the
washer is slipped on at the back through the groove, and moved to the collar
at the end of the stem. Reversing this operation and moving the washer to the
grooved part of the stem allows of the stud being taken out.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BEARINGS FOR SHAFTING OR AXLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Watt Cuthbert at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th January 1879.
DAVID WATT CUTHBERT, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BEARINGS FOR SHAFTING OR AXLES."
The said Invention relates to improvements in bearings for shafting or axles, and
has for its principal object to prevent waste of lubricant.
According to the said Invention a packing is placed at both ends of the bearing
so as to press upon the shaft or axle closely enough to prevent the escape of lubri-
cant at the said ends of the bearing. The packing may be placed in grooves in the
bearing, or secured by glands in stuffing boxes at the ends of the bearing, or in
other convenient way. The lubricant is supplied in the ordinary or other conve-
nient manner. In the lower part of the bearing is a passage open at one end to the
shaft or axle between the packings before mentioned, and communicating at its
other end with a pipe. Thus lubricant from the bearing, being prevented by the
packings from escaping at either end of the said bearing, will run through tho
aforesaid passage and by the pipe in connection therewith, which may be led to
any suitable receptacle for the said lubricant. This pipe may be furnished with a
stop-cock, by which the discharge of the lubricant from the bearing may be regulated.
The Invention is applicable to bearings of wood, or metal, or other inaterial. A
bearing constructed according to this Invention will enable a constant circulation
of lubricant to be maintained between the shaft or axle and the bearing by leading
the aforesaid discharge pipo into the lubricant supply reservoir.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CORD OR OTHER HOLDERS FOR EYE GLASSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th May 1879. A communication
from abroad by Siegmund Abrahamsohn, of Berlin, in the Empire of
Germany.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patenta, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CORD OR OTHER HOLDERS FOR EYE GLASSES." A communication from
abroad by Siegmund Abrahamsohn, of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany.
The Invention relates to a receptacle for holding cords, strings, ribbons, or similar
materials, by which various sorts of eye-glasses are attached to the person, so as to
prevent obstruction and protect the eye-glasses while they are not used, and
consists in winding the string or other material up into a case by means of a spiral
spring, which may be done in the following manner:-A case, which may have the
shape of a medal or other convenient form, and be carried by the person in any
suitable manner, for example, by a needle fixed to the coat, is furnished with a
spiral spring wound upon a central pin, and having attached to it the string or
ribbon of the eye-glass, said string being outside the casing when the eye-glasses
are used, and inside when the spring is wound up. The spiral spring draws the
string or other material into the casing when not prevented by a clip and spring,
which may be set out of action by pressing upon a button, or in any other suitable
way. Instead of attaching the string to the spiral spring it may be wound upon a
drum, and the whole instrument made of any suitable material.