IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OR TREATMENT OF THE FOLDED PAPER SHEETS USED FOR PRINTED WORKS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING SUCH PREPARATION OR TREATMENT
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Angell Green, of 82, Strand, in the
County of Middlesex, Jeweller, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE PREPARATION OR TREATMENT OF THE FOLDED PAPER SHEETS USED FOR
PRINTED WORKS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING SUCH PREPARATION OR
TREATMENT."
Sealed the 13th April 1869, and dated the 17th October 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Angell Green
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 17th October 1868.
I, RICHARD ANGELL GREEN, of 82, Strand, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OR TREATMENT OF THE FOLDED PAPER
SHEETS USED FOR PRINTED WORKS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING SUCH
PREPARATION OR TREATMENT," to he as follows:-
The sheets printed for making up into books, pamphlets, journals, and
other works have generally to be folded in certain lines, which on
making up become the edges of pages. Along these edges the paper
has to be cut or otherwise separated, so as to expose the inner pages.

page_text: Now my improvements have for their object the facilitating of the
folding and separation of such sheets, which I effect in the following
manner I punch or perforate, the paper with numerous holes along
the lines of fold which have to be afterwards separated. The paper is
thus weakened along the lines of perforation, and can be more easily
folded and torn apart. This mode of weakening paper by lines of per-
forations is in common use for postage and other stamps which have
to be torn apart, and for cheques and other slips which have to be torn
from the books in which they are usually made up; I therefore make
no claim to it as an Invention per se, but only to its application, as I
have above described, in the case of sheets to be folded and afterwards
separated along certain edges.
For effecting the desired perforations I employ various apparatus,
cither apparatus similar to that which is now in use for perforating
sheets of postage stamps, and which consists of numerous punches set
in a frame over corresponding holes or matrices in a frame or plate
below. The paper to be perforated is placed on the lower plate or frame;
and the upper frame being borne down with sufficient pressure the
punches are caused to pass through the paper. This apparatus being
well known I do not claim as my Invention; but I hold the several
apparatus which I am now about to describe to be novel. One of these
consists of a fixed table, on which the sheets to be perforated are laid;
and a wheel with numerous punches projecting from its edge. There
are holes in a row in the table, and the wheel is caused to run over the
paper in a line immediately above those holes, so that the successive
punches of the wheel pass through the paper into the successive holes
below. Otherwise the wheel can be mounted in fixed bearings, so that
it can revolve without change of place, and the table instead of being
fixed is made to slide under it. In either case the punches may be
fitted to the table, the matrix holes being formed in the wheel. In one
form of this apparatus I. use a. roller made to revolve above a sliding
table, like the cylinder and table of a printing machine. The punches
are fitted either in the roller or in the table, and the matrices either in
the table or the roller. The sheets to be perforated are fed successively
as in a printing machine, and after passing between the roller and table
are removed. By fitting the table and the cylinder, or tympan, or
platten of a printing machine with the suitable punches and matrices
the perforation can be effected at the same time as the printing.

page_text: Another apparatus which I employ consists of a sliding frame or
table, on which the sheets to be perforated are placed. A single punch
is mounted in a framing above, so as to work with a reciprocating
vertical movement, like the needle of a sewing machine, and the frame
or table is caused to. advance a certain distance at each stroke, as in the
feed movement of a sewing machine; thus, the action of the one punch
effects the perforation of a row of holes.
The perforations may be of any convenient form, round, elliptical,
square, or rectangular. Also instead of using a punch or punches with
corresponding matrix hole or holes a sharp-edged chisel or chisels or
pointed instruments, may be used, soft metal, wood, leather, or other
yielding substance being placed below the paper..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patont,
filed by the said Richard Angell Green, in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 17th April 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ANGELL GREEN,, of 82, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,, Jeweller,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her.
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred, and sixty-eight, in the thirty-.
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Richard Angell Green, Her special
licence that I, the said Richard Angell Green, my executors, adminis-..
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Richard Angell Green,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,.
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE PREPARATION OR TREATMENT OF THE FOLDED PAPER SHEETS USED FOR
PRINTED WORKS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING SUCH PREPARATION OR
TREATMENT,' upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Richard Angell Green, my exccutors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under ny, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
"

page_text: particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Angell Green, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
The sheets printed for making up into books, pamphlets, journals,
and other works have generally to be folded in certain lines, which on
making up become the edges of pages. Along these edges the paper
has to be cut or otherwise separated, so as to expose the inner pages.
Now my improvements have for their object the facilitating of the
folding and separation of such sheets, which I effect in the following
manner: I punch or perforate the paper with numerous holes along
the lines of fold which have to be afterwards separated. The paper
is thus weakened along the lines of perforation, and can be more easily
folded and torn apart. This mode of weakening paper by lines of
perforations is in common use for postage and other stamps which
have to be torn apart, and for cheques and other slips which have
to be torn from the books in which they are usually made up; I
therefore make no claim to it as an Invention per se, but only to
its application, as I have above described, in the case of sheets to be
folded and afterwards separated along certain edges, and when effected
in substantial accordance with the following statement:-
For effecting the desired perforations I employ various apparatus,
that is, apparatus similar to that which is now in use for perforating
sheets of postage stamps, and which consists of numerous punches set
in a frame over corresponding holes or matrices in a frame or plate
below. The paper to be perforated is placed on the lower plate or
frame, and the upper frame being borne down with sufficient pressure
the punches are caused to pass through the paper. This apparatus being
well known I do not claim as my Invention; but I hold the several
apparatus which I am now about to describe to be novel. One of these
consists of a fixed table, on which the sheets to be perforated are laid,
and a wheel with numerous punches projecting from its edge. There
are holes in a row in the table, and the wheel is caused to run over the
paper in a line immediately above those holes, so that the successive

page_text: In
punches of the wheel pass through the paper into the successive holes
below. Otherwise the wheel can be mounted in fixed bearings, so that
it can revolve without change of place, and the table instead of being
fixed is made to slide under it. In either case the punches may be
fitted to the table, the matrix holes being formed in the wheel.
one form of this apparatus I use a roller made to revolve above a sliding
table, like the cylinder and table of a printing machine. The punches
are fitted either in the roller or in the table, and the matrices either in
the table or the roller. The sheets to be perforated are fed successively,
as in a printing machine, and after passing between the roller and table
are removed. By fitting the table and the cylinder, or tympan, or platten
of a printing machine with the suitable punches and matrices the
perforation can be effected at the same time as the printing.
Another apparatus which I employ consists of a sliding frame or
table, on which the sheets to be perforated are placed. A single punch
is mounted in a framing above, so as to work with a reciprocating
vertical movement, like the needle of a sewing machine, and the frame
or table is caused to advance a certain distance at cach stroke, as in
the feed movement of a sewing machine; thus the action of the one
punch effects the perforation of a row of holes.
The perforations may be of any convenient form, round, elliptical,
square, or rectangular. Also instead of using a punch or punches with
corresponding matrix hole or holes a sharp-edged chisel or chisels or
pointed instruments may be used, soft metal, wood, leather, or other
yielding substance being placed below the paper.
Having thus far specified my said Invention, I will now for the more
ready understanding thereof proceed to describe and exemply the same
by reference to the accompanying Drawings, as follows:-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating one of my arrangements for perforating,
in which a, a, is a fixed table, on which the sheets to be perforated are
laid, and a wheel or cylinder with numerous punches c, c, projecting
from its periphery or surface. There are holes d, d, in the table, and
the wheel or cylinder is caused to pass over the paper, so that the
successive punches c, c, of the wheel pass through the paper into the
successive holes d, d, below.

page_text: Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating a similar method, in which the wheel
or cylinder is fixed so that it may revolve in bearings, and the
table a, a, slides under it. The same letters of reference are used as in
Fig. 1. In either case (Fig. 1 or Fig. 2) the punches may be fitted to
the table a, a, and the matrices formed in the wheel or cylinder b
Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating my arrangement, in which a single
punch a receiving motion from mechanism similar to that used for a
sewing machine needle, or any other mechanism giving a vertical
reciprocating motion, will answer the purpose. A sliding table b, b, pro-
vided with matrix holes is caused to advance a certain distance for each
stroke of the punch, bringing the matrix holes successively under the
punch. The table can be moved by rack and pinion, as illustrated, or
otherwise.
Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement for perforating, in
which the paper passes between two rollers or cylinders a and b, one
roller being provided with punches and the other having matrice holes
formed therein.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed and
carried out in practice, I hereby declare that I claim, the Invention of
"Improvements in the Preparation or Treatment of the Folded Paper
used for Printed Works, and in Apparatus used for Effecting such
Preparation or Treatment," as herein set forth and illustrated by the
accompanying Drawings, it being understood that I do not claim the
mere constituent details represented by the said Drawings, and herein
referred to, per se and apart from the purposes of my said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Angell Green, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
Witness,
RICHARD A. GREEN. (L.S.)
THOMAS MORGAN,
Clerk to the Inventors' Patent Right Association, Limited,
21, Cockspur Street.