Improvements in French Casements.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Sept., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 8th July, 1895-Accepted, 7th Sept., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in French Casements.
We, EDWIN JAMES NOWELL, of 2 Chapel Row, West Thurrock, Carpenter,
HENRY JAMES CARTER, of 1 Orsett Road, Grays Thurrock, Builder, and JOSEPH
WEYMOUTH, of 17 High Street, Grays Thurrock, Auctioneer, all in the County
of Essex, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to those windows usually known as French casements
having hinged sashes, and has for its object to so arrange such sashes that they may
be reversed to such an extent that both sides may be cleaned, painted or glazed for
the room or building into which the window opens.
According to our invention the hinges upon which the sash is hung are each
formed of three plates hinged together end to end. Two of these plates are
comparatively short whilst the third which occupies the middle position of the
three is of a length nearly equal to the width of the sash the difference being about
equal to one of the shorter plates.
The hinge so constructed is secured in position by attaching one of the shorter
plates to the window frame and the second shorter plate to the sash at a point near
that side of the sash which faces the opposite side of the frame to that to which the
first mentioned shorter plate is secured.
Projecting at right angles from the top edge of the longest plate of the top hinge
and the bottom edge of the longest plate of the bottom hinge are lugs which when
the sash is closed project into recesses in the top and bottom rail thereof. In each
of these lugs an opening is formed into which may be forced the end of a flush bolt
let into the sash style so that the sash can only swing on that joint between the
shorter plate secured to the window frame and the longer plate, but may swing on
both joints when said bolts are withdrawn and so be partly reversed. These bolts
may be also used for holding the sash open and for this purpose perforated
quadrants may be secured to the window frame in such a position that the ends of
the bolts may be forced into one of the perforations therein when the sash has been
suitably adjusted.
Dated this 8th day of September 1894
CASTLE SMITH,
Invention" Office, 54 Fleet Street, London, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicants.
Improvements in French Casements.
We, EDWIN JAMES NOWELL, Carpenter, of 2 Chapel Row, West Thurrock,
HENRY JAMES CARTER, Builder, of 1 Orsett Road, Grays Thurrock, and
JOSEPH WEYMOUTH, Auctioneer, of 17 High Street, Grays Thurrock, all in
the County of Essex, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to those windows, known as French casements, having

page_text: hinged sashes opening outwards, and has for its object to so arrange such sashes
that they may be reversed to such an extent that both sides may be cleaned,
painted, or glazed from the room or building into which the window opens.
According to our invention the hinges upon which the sash is hung are each
formed of three plates hinged together end to end. Two of these plates are
comparatively short, whilst the third, which occupies the middle position of the
three, is of a length nearly equal to the width of the sash, the difference being
approximately equal to one of the shorter plates.
The hinge so constructed is secured in position by attaching one of the shorter
plates to the window frame and the second shorter plate to the sash at a point about
midway between the two sides thereof.
Projecting at right angles from the top edge of the longest plate of the top hinge
and the bottom edge of the longest plate of the bottom hinge, are lugs, which when
the sash is closed, project into recesses in the top and bottom rail thereof. In each
of these lugs an opening is formed into which may he forced the end of a flush bolt
let into the sash style, so that the sash can only swing on that joint between the
shorter plate secured to the window frame and the longer plate, but may swing on
both joints when said bolts are withdrawn and so be partly reversed. These bolts
may be also used for holding the sash open when this is being used in the ordinary
way, and for this purpose perforated quadrants may be secured to the window
frame in such a position that the ends of the bolts may be forced into one of the
perforations therein when the sash has been suitably adjusted, whilst said bolts may
be also utilized as additional supports to the sash when this is partly or wholly
reversed, slots being formed in the top and bottom of the frame for the ends of the
bolts to slide in when these are being utilized for this purpose.
An in order that our invention may be more readily understood and carried into
practice we will now proceed to describe the same with reference to the accompany-
ing drawings of which Fig. 1 is an inside, and Fig. 2 an outside view of a French
casement fitted according to our invention, and Figs. 3 and 4 enlarged sections on
lines C-D and A-B respectively of Fig. 2.
The sash a is hinged to the window frame by a double hinge formed of two short
plates hinged to the opposite ends of a long plate and secured respectively to
the sash at a point preferably about midway between the sides therecf, and to one
side of the window frame.
The length of the longer plate 6' is such that when both joints of the double
hinge so formed are permitted to operate, the sash may be reversed as shown to
facilitate glazing, cleaning, painting, or repairs, the sash being in this case given
additional support by two flush bolts c let into the sash style, so that their projecting
ends may slide in grooves f, shown more clearly in Figs. 3 and 4, formed in the top
and bottom of the window frame, and the lower of which is provided with suitable
drain holes to prevent the collection of water.
In order that the sash may operate in the usual manner a lug d (Fig. 2) is formed
on each of the long plates 6' near that end to which is hinged the plate secured to
the window frame and into openings in these lugs the flush bolts c may be forced,
thereby throwing the joint between said long plate & and that shorter plate secured
to the sash, out of operation and permitting the sash to swing in the ordinary
manner on those joints between said long plates and the shorter plates secured to
the window frame.
Besides being utilized as above the lower flush bolt may also be employed for the
purpose of retaining the sash in any adjusted position, a segmental plate e being
secured to the window sill for this purpose into one of a row of openings in which
said bolt may be forced after the sash has been adjusted.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
(1.) A French casement the sash of which is hinged to the frame by double

page_text: hinges arranged constructed and operating substantially as described and illustrated
in the accompanying drawings.
(2.) A French casement having double hinges provided with lugs d' flush bolts c
and grooves f arranged constructed and operating substantially as described.
Dated this 8th dox of July 1895
CASTLE SMITH,
"Invention" Office, 54 Fleet Street, London, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicants.