Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 16th May, 1887
Complete Left, 16th Feb., 1888
Complete Accepted, 29th Mar., 1888
We JOHN HORNE, Gentleman, of Hallam Hall, Clevedon and SAMUEL HOLLYMAN,
Painter and Decorator, of Culmstock Cottage, Clevedon, both in the County of
Somerset do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of our invention is improved method of and apparatus for warming and
ventilating houses and other buildings also applicable for drying purposes generally
and consists chiefly of:-
1. Double chambers for distributing heat.
2. Double taps for drawing off and distributing heat.
3. Fans for driving, mixing, regulating, or exhausting heat.
For the purpose of our invention, we make use of a stove, furnace, gas or oil
burners, or any other heating power which we place in the basement of the building,
or on a lower level, or in a separate compartment as may be most convenient and from
this we carry any number of shafts or conduits for conducting and conveying hot air
(or it may be water or steam) and each of these shafts or conduits is surrounded by
other shafts or conduits containing air which is heated by contact with the inner
hot air conduits and at the same time prevents loss of heat from the said inner
conduits.
These double heated air conduits or chambers are tapped at any desired point to
convey the hot air and the tepid air through similar and usually smaller double branch
pipes or conduits to the parts of the house or building which require to be warmed or
heated and either the hot air or the tepid air or both can thus be distributed with or
without mixing boxes or chambers and made available for use on every floor and room
of a house or building.
We also provide where necessary one or more fans, blowers or punkas for the
purpose of driving or forcing the warm air through the conduits in any direction or
to create a circulation or current of air at any point.

page_text: The ventilation is effected by means of a shaft or shafts carried up the
centre or other part of the building and warmed when necessary by the apparatus to
assist levitation, which receive the vitiated air from each room, which are provided
with suitable outlets for the purpose, the air escaping by natural draught or assisted
by fans, blowers, or punkas which drive it out at a definite rate through louvres or
other contrivances in the roof or upper part of the house.
In adapting our invention to drying purposes, say for instance, to drying wood,
paper, gunpowder, bricks, raw materials and fabrics of all kinds, our double hot and
tepid air conduits are led from the heating apparatus in the basement of a drying shed
up to the drying floor above or from one compartment for the production of heat to
another compartment used for drying where the hot and the tepid air may be naturally
mixed or forced, or driven by fans, blowers, or punkas into the drying chamber, or
from one point to another point within the said chamber and after permeating the
materials to be dried may escape through louvres or other ejects in the roof of the
shed or ventilating chamber or one or more fans may be placed in a ventilating
chamber in the roof to drive the air back again into the warm chambers, or to expel
it from any point desired.
The drying shed would be practically air tight except at the place or places of
ingress and egress for placing and removing the respective goods, or where air is
purposely brought in and expelled by this method.
The hot air chambers or conduits may be tapped at any point by a double
pipe, so that part of the hot air may be used for other purposes if required.
The waste heat from kilus and other centres of heat may by our invention be
utilized by drawing it off by means of shafts placed at a higher level or by fans or
exhausters, through an inner hot air conduit (surrounded by an outer conduit of tepid
air, to prevent loss or waste of its heat) and conveying it to compartments used for
drying.
H. GARDNER,
166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said John Horne
and Samuel Hollyman.

page_text: Improved Method of and Apparatus for Warming and Ventilating
Houses and other Buildings, also Applicable for Drying Purposes
Generally.
We, JOHN HORNE, Gentleman, of Hallam Hall, Clevedon, and SAMUEL HOLLYMAN,
Plumber and Decorator, of Culmstock Cottage, Clevedon, both in the County of
Somerset, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
The object of our invention is improved method of and apparatus for warning and
ventilating houses and other buildings also applicable for heating and drying purposes
generally and consists chiefly of :-
1. Double chambers for storing and distributing heat.
2. Double taps or ducts for drawing off and distributing heat.
3. Fans, blowers, punkas, and other similar means for driving, mixing, regulating,
or exhausting heat so made.
For the purpose of our invention, we make use of a stove, furnace, gas, or oil
burners, hot water apparatus or steam pipes, or any other heating power which we
place in the basement, or at any available level of the building, or in a separate
compartment as may be most convenient. We construct and connect with this
heating power the said double chambers, the outer chamber being supplied with air
from the external atmosphere, and the inner chamber with the same or with air
circulating in the outer chamber (or instead of air, we may use water or steam) and
from these chambers we carry any number of shafts or conduits for conducting and
conveying hot air (or it may be water or steam). Each of these shafts, or conduits, or
chambers consists of an outer and inner chamber, the outer chamber containing air
which is heated by contact with the inner hot air conduits and at the same time
prevents loss of heat from the said inner conduits.
These double heated chambers or conduits are tapped at any desired points to
convey the hot air of the inner and the warm air of the outer chamber through similar
smaller and usually double branch pipes or conduits to the parts of the house or
building which require to be warmed or heated, and either the hot air, or the warm
air, or both, can thus be distributed and made available for use on every floor and
room of a house or building.
We also provide, if necessary, one or more fans, blowers, or punkas, for the purpose
of driving or forcing the heated air through the conduits in any direction, or to create
a circulation, or current of air at any point.
The ventilation is effected by means of a shaft, or shafts carried up in the inner or
outer walls, or other part of the building, and warmed when necessary by the apparatus
to assist levitation, which shafts receive the vitiated air from each room and which
are either provided with suitable outlets for the purpose, or the vitiated air escaping
by natural draught, or assisted by fans, blowers, or punkas, is conveyed to a waste
air chamber at a higher level and thence is allowed to escape by means of regulated
louvres or valves. This waste-air chamber, preferably fitted with a Chimney Pot
Ventilator, Patented by us on December 19th, 1887, No. 17458, to prevent down

page_text: draught and assist up draught, has its ventilating power regulated by an escape valve
worked with pulley and chain, or cord arrangements in the usual way.
In adapting our invention to drying purposes, say for instance, to drying gun-
powder, wood, paper, bricks, raw materials and fabrics of all kinds, our double hot
and warm air conduits are led from the heating apparatus in the basement of a drying
shed up to the drying floor above, or from one compartment for the production of
heat to another compartment used for drying, where the hot and the warm air may be
naturally mixed, or it may be mixed, forced, or driven by fans, blowers, or punkas,
into the drying chamber, or from one point to another point within the said chamber,
and after permeating the materials to be dried, may escape through louvres, or other
exits in the roof of the shed, or preferably by first entering a ventilating chamber
and assisted to escape by one, or more fans.
The drying shed would be practically air tight except at the place or places of
ingress or egress for placing and removing the respective goods, or where air is
purposely brought in and expelled by this method.
The hot air chambers, or conduits may be tapped at any point by a double pipe so
that part of the heated air may be used for other purposes if required.
The waste heat from kilns and other centres of heat, may, by our invention be
utilized by drawing it off by means of shafts placed at a higher level, or by fans,
or exhausters, through an inner hot air conduit (surrounded by an outer conduit of
warm air to prevent loss, or waste of its heat) and conveying it to compartments used
for drying.
In the accompanying drawings, we show various examples of the mode of applying
our invention, and in Figure 1 we represent a vertical section of a dwelling house
fitted with our system of double heated air conduits for warming and ventilating.
A is the air reservoir heated directly or indirectly by coils of hot water pipes,
stove, furnace, or by any suitable means as aforesaid, surrounding which is another
reservoir or chamber B containing air heated by contact with the walls or shell of the
inner hot air reservoir A. The air in the outer chamber B being exposed to the cooling
effects of the ordinary atmospheric air, will be considerably lower in temperature than
that of the inner chamber A. Air at two different temperatures is thus obtained, and is
utilized either separately, or mixed in varying proportions as required for warming,
or attemperating the entire dwelling house, or each compartment as desired by means
of double conduits C, D, carried from the heated air reservoir up through the house
in such manner as to communicate with the rooms, or apartments needing to be
warmed.
The inlets of hot or warm air to the apartments may be controlled, as to temperature
and volume, by mixing boxes as shown at E and in detail in Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5
(Sheet 1), Figure 2 being a plan of flue, Figure 3 a section through x, x, Figure 4 a
section through y, y, and Figure 5 a front view of ventilator. These mixing boxes
are provided in order to obviate the inconvenience of the hot and the warm air issuing
into the room or apartment (if both valves be open) in distinct currents and causing
stratification of the air at different temperatures.
These Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5 represent the mixing box, into the lower part of which
the branches of the hot and warm air pipes C and D are led, the air from both pipes
when the valves F and G are opened mingling together in the box and issuing into
the room through the ventilating plate H. Should no heated air be required, these
valves can be closed and any superfluous heat be carried off by the ventilators I
(Figures 1, 6 and 7) to the waste chamber J thence to be expelled."
A fan K, or fans is, or are employed to assist the circulation or distribution of the
warmed air at distances remote from apparatus when required, or to assist in
exhausting the vitiated air.
Figures 8, 9, and 10 show a basement plan, ground plan, and elevation respectively
of a building constructed for drying purposes in accordance with our invention.
The boiler, stove, or other means of heating (such as a hot water apparatus shown
in Figures 11, 12, and 13), is placed in a space beneath the basement, from which
double hot air, and warm air conduits C, D, are carried and arranged in the basement

page_text: (as shown in the drawing Figures 8 and 10) beneath the drying chamber above, in
which the materials to be dried are placed. From the basement, the conduits are led
up into the drying chamber W (see Figures 9 and 10) amongst the materials, the
temperature of the heated air being regulated by valves T, T. In the case where
bricks are the materials being dried, the brickmaking can be carried on in the
chamber X.
For equalizing the temperature of all parts of a drying shed, for forcing fresh
heated air from the chambers beneath and thereby expelling the same quantity of
moisture laden air from the ventilator or ventilators above and for keeping all the air
used for drying purposes in movement more or less rapid, we use a fan K, near the
mixing box E. This fan is confined in a small chamber L, the said chamber being
supplied by means of adjustable valves T, T, in part by the heated air frosh from the
mixing box and in part by the air already in the drying room drawn from valve F,
the proportion of each being governed by the valves T, T, and M. The mixed air is
then driven by the fan through a tube placed in the ground immediately under the
floor level, out of which smaller tubes branch upward a few inches above the floor to
different parts of the room making wind rush at their outlets N, N, Figure 9, or if
circumstances render necessary, a wind can be made by the aforesaid fan fed only by
the air of the room, the valves T, T, being closed and the rate of ingress of fresh
heated air and of expelled vitiated air be regulated by an exhaust fan or fans K, K,
placed in the ventilating chamber J, to force up air through the louvres Q, Q, as
shown at top. Punkas Y, Y, may also be utilized for producing circulation of air.
In cases in which closets, apartments, or drying sheds cannot be conveniently
warmed by other means we use a stove or furnace substantially constructed as shown
in Figures 11, 12 and 13 being a plan, section, and longitudinal section through x, y,
respectively. S is a furnace for fuel; U a metal frame, cast or wrought; P the
flue. Metal plates R, R, to be slided into the cast or wrought iron frame, provide a
circulating system for air which becomes heated in its ascension from lower opening
immediately over the flue to the hot chamber A. Surrounding this hot air chamber
is a second or warnı air chamber B which receives air from the external atmosphere
at any convenient inlet. Both chambers are insulated by sand or other material and
are tapped by the ducts C and D, allowing the air to pass into a mixing box E whence
it is drawn at any desired temperature.
In Figure 14 we show an application of our invention to the utilization of waste
heat of kilns, other centres of heat may however be drawn upon as regards its waste,
or superfluous heat in substantially the same manner.
We take a kiln, say of the beehive shape as shown at Z (the dotted line shows the
height of the kiln before treatment) and we construct a dome Z made of brick to
receive the escaping heated air. Between this dome and the old mouth we insert
ventilating doors Z2, Z3, to relieve the kiln of superfluous heat if necessary and some
smoke. It is manifest that by 'this contrivance we never take from the kiln any heat
that can be of service in burning the contents.
From the bottom of a tank A as shown, we erect a flue B¹ (properly insulated) up
to this dome attaching it to the outside walls of the kiln Z as shown. Placing an
exhaust fan K at bottom we extract the waste heat and smoke from the kiln Z to the
bottom chamber A¹ of the tank. The heated air ascends through a body of filtering
material (say spent tan, gravel) cleansed of the soot. The soot is removed at
intervals through a manhole D¹.
From the hot air chamber E¹ the heated air is carried by an iron or other pipe F¹
any distance as shown and serves the same purpose as the hot water pipes we other-
wise prescribe. Around this pipe are constructed the air chambers C, D, giving hot
and tepid air as before described and conducted to the drying shed W, the air is
delivered at the temperature desired. Because this heated air is unfit for respiration
at the end of the course we allow it to escape after the extraction of the heat required.
When several kilns are so treated together the underground tank A¹ is increased in
size and flues from the kilns converge to it. If no drying chamber or making shed
be employed the heated air can be introduced by a pipe from one kiln to another so

page_text: that the kilns can be alternately used for drying and burning, the cost of shifting
bricks &c. being saved.
Square kilns are arched over so as to get a chamber above them for receiving the
heat that would otherwise escape, to show which is unnecessary.
It is obvious that Furnaces, Stoves, Boxes, Closets, for Laundry purposes can be
constructed and treated on the same principles.
All heat not needed by a dwelling house &c., that is, all waste heat can be passed
up to a roof-garden &c. for forcing purposes if desired.
In constructing the flues warming, ventilating, and other shafts wo sometimes
employ special forms of bricks. Figure 15 shows two half bricks a, b, to form a
pipe of double capacity, one pipe-brick within another. d, d, d, d, are perforations
forming a pipe when the bricks are laid one above the other, C is the inner contral
aperture, c, c, are depressions or keys for cement and d', d', d', d', are key perforations
for mortar. They may be made round or oblong in shape."
Instead of the sections being perforated in the manner shown they may have
holes of other shape, or hollows, depressions, or other convenient arrangement for
holding the mortar for "keying" when laid.
In the foregoing descriptions we have referred moro particularly to warm, or
heated air in the double conduits, but it is obvious that they can be used for other
gases or fluids, hot water, or steam, or for a combination of these, the main feature
being that two temperatures are always maintained and available for use separately,
or mixed as explained.
Figure 16 shows the improved Chimney Pot Ventilator before referred to as being
fitted to the waste air chamber J (Figure 1).
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
:―
1. The improved method of and apparatus for warming ventilating and drying,
consisting essentially of double chambers or reservoirs of heat at two temperatures
for conserving, conveying and controlling caloric from which issue double taps or
conduits for the distribution of the heated air, or water to any desired point
substantially as described and shown.
2. In combination with the double heat reservoirs and double distributing conduits,
the employment of fans, blowers, or punkas for assisting, or forcing the distribution,
or circulation and the use of mixing boxes or chambers fitted with valves as described
and substantially as shown in the drawings.
3. The improved method of utilizing the superfluous or waste heat from kilns and
other centres of heat consisting of tapping or drawing off said heat and smoke,
passing same through filtering media and distributing the filtered hot air to drying
chambers, or similar places as described and substantially as shown in Figure 14 of
the drawings.
4. In the construction of flues, conduits, or pipes for warming, ventilating, or drying
purposes the improved form of brick shown at Figure 15 of the annexed drawings.
5. The improved construction or arrangement of furnace and stove for generating
heated air at two temperatures, as described with reference to Figures 11, 12, and 13
of the drawings.