IMPROVEMENTS IN AXLE Office for Patents, . echanical Draughts- OXES AND BEARINGS
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of th
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
man, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AXLE
Office for Patents,
.
echanical Draughts-
OXES AND BEARINGS."
-A communication from abroad by Patrick Sarsfield Devlan, of the
Sealed the 22nd October 1867, and dated the 14th May 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th May 1867.
1, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Oflice for Patents, 66. Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AXLE BOXES AND BEARINGS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates. firstly, to the employment of pasteboard saturated
with oil and then subjected to pressure and inserted in suitable recesses in
journal boxes and other bearings to reduce friction, thus if the material
generally known as pasteboard, whether made by pasting together several
thicknesses of paper or directly of the thickness required be saturated, with
any of the lubricating oils, such as petroleum, and then subjected to pressure
it can be used with great advantage to reduce the friction of metallic rubbing
Surfaces

page_text: Secondly, to the combination with or application to axle and journal boxes
or their linings of wood in the form of strips inserted within the same in an
intermediate or intervening manner relatively to the entire bearing, composed,
say, of metal or of material essentially different in character from said strips,
which may either be saturated with petroleum or other lubricating oil or
matter previous to insertion, or serve by their absorbent character to
convey lubricating matter from a suitable supply to the axle or shaft during
its rotation to and throughout the bearing, and preferably extending to the
ends of the same.
Thirdly, to a novel construction of journal or axle box, or lining thereof, in
which antifriction strips are disposed in an intervening or intermediate
manner so as to form a portion of the bearing, the said strips being cast, slid,
or otherwise fitted within the box or its lining so as to form end presentations
on opposite sides or ends of the bearings successively or alternately to
lubricate the shoulder and collar of the axle or shaft, and by which arrange-
ment an end support is given to the strips against thrust of the shoulder or
collar on them, and the construction of the box or lining materially
strengthened.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 14th November 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery. Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by ler Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her reign.
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Alfred Vincent Newton, Her special licence that I, the said Alfred Vincent
Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as 1, the
said Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN AXLE BOXES AND BEARINGS," being a communication to me from abroad,

page_text: upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton,
iny executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
This Invention relates, first, to the reduction of friction by the employment
of pasteboard saturated with oil and then subjected to pressure and inserted
in suitable recesses in journal boxes and other bearings.
Secondly, to the combination with the metallic or other non-absorbent bearing
surfaces of axle and journal boxes, or their linings, of wood in the form of
strips inserted within the same in an intermediate or intervening manner
relatively to the metallic or other non-absorbent bearing surface. The said
strips may either be saturated with petroleum or other lubricating oil or matter
previous to insertion, or serve by their absorbent character to convey
lubricating matter from a suitable supply to the axle or shaft during its
rotation to and throughout the bearing, and preferably they will extend to
the ends of the same.
Thirdly, to a novel construction of journal or axle box or lining thereof, in
which antifriction strips are disposed in an intervening or intermediate
manner so as to form a portion of the bearing in combination with the harder
material of which the box or lining piece is composed, the said strips being
cast, slidden, or otherwise fitted within the box or its lining, so as to form
end presentations on opposite sides or ends of the bearings successively or
alternately to lubricate the shoulder and collar of the axle or shaft.
"'
Having thus specified the object and nature of the Invention, a further or
fuller description of it will now be proceeded with, reference being had in
explaining the second and third parts of the Invention to the accompanying
Drawing in which Fig. I represents a longitudinal section of an axle box
having the improvement applied to it according to the second part of the
Invention, and with an axle in part contained therein, and Fig. 2 is a
transverse section of the axle box, constructed according to the said
improvement.

page_text: Fig. 3 represents in plan view one of the brasses of a journal box con-
structed according to the third part of the Invention, and with the axle or
shaft shown by red lines as arranged therein, and Fig. 4 a transverse section
of the upper and lower brasses or of the lining complete..
To carry out the first part of the Invention take, for instance, pasteboard
made of considerable thickness. say from a quarter to half an inch, and cut
of suitable size to fit in the recesses of journal boxes, such as have been made to
receive what is well known as Babbitt's metal; the pieces so cut may then
be immersed in petroleum or other lubricating oil until they become
thoroughly saturated, that is, until the oil strikes through the pasteboard;
If the oil be cold it will take about half an hour, but it can be done in about
five minutes if the oil be heated; the pasteboard so saturated is then to be
subjected to heavy pressure, which pressure it is preferable to apply at the
time of insertion in the cavity of the box or other article to be lined. The
recess in the surface of the box or other article should be of less depth than
the thickness of the saturated pasteboard after it has been compressed, and in
compressing the saturated pasteboard care should be taken to use a smooth
compressing surface.
In the second part of the Invention the wooden strips referred to may be
variously arranged, and of any suitable number, width, or thickness.
In the accompanying Drawing they are shewn as arranged longitudinally
with the axle and extending the full length of the box; thus A is a metallic
axle box, and B are the wooden strips inserted. say, in dovetail or other
shaped grooves a extending it may be the length of the box, and of an
interior curvature corresponding or thereabouts to the rotundity of the axle,
to which bis the shoulder at one end of the box, and e the nut at the opposite
end; by thus or otherwise in a substantially similar manner combining wood
in strips with the harder material of the box, to constitute the bearing, a more
perfect lubrication may be kept up, while a solid basis is established for the
shaft or axle, and every facility afforded for renewing from time to time the
wooden strips as their renewal is rendered necessary by wear or otherwise.
In Figures 3 and 4 of the Drawing, which relate to the third part of the
Invention, C is a journal box lining or box brasses" made, say, of ordinary
metal. The construction of this lining is peculiar, it being formed internally
with longitudinal ribs or bearing surfaces d joined at opposite ends by cross
or connecting ribs or bearing surfaces e, e'. arranged to form closed ends on
opposite sides or ends of the entire bearing to recesses, f, by which con-
struction considerable strength is given to the lining and end bearings or
supports provided against pressure of the shoulder g and collar h of the shaft

page_text: or axle R in its longitudinal play on the intervening or intermediate strips D;
these strips are slidden into place or cast or otherwise fitted to occupy the
recesses, and they may be made of soft. Babbitt, or other antifriction
metal, pasteboard steeped in petroleum, and hard pressed, or of other absorbent
material that will serve to convey lubricating matter, and in this or their anti-
friction property conspicuously differs from the hard or non-absorbeni material
of which the lining C is composed, the said strips serving alternately or
successively at opposite ends of the general bearing (of which they form part)
to convey lubricating matter whether derived as from within themselves or
from a source connected with the box to the shoulder and collar of the shaft
or axle, as well as throughout the width of the bearing. A convenient way of
fitting in these strips, the interior curvature of which should correspond to the
rotundity of the shaft or axle is, to make the recesses f. f. of a dovetail shape,
and the strips D to correspond, whereby they are not only securely held, but
may be slidden in and out to facilitate renewal, the end ribs e, e', restraining
them as before observed from longitudinal or end play by thrust of the collar
or shoulder of the axle or shaft, as well as strengthening the construction of
the lining. Of course the materials or compositions of which the strips D are
made may be varied, it only being necessary that they should possess the anti-
friction or lubricating peculiarity mentioned relatively to the material of
which the lining itself is composed, nor is it proposed to restrict the Invention
to any particular number. length, width, or thickness of such strips. By this
construction of axle or journal box or its lining increased durability is secured
to the latter against wear in every direction. and a smoothness of run to the
axle or shaft is established.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of "Improvements in
Axle Boxes and Bearings." as communicated to me from abroad, and
explained the manner of carrying the same into effect. I wish it to be under-
stood that-under the above in part recited Letters Patent I claim:-
i
First, lining axle boxes and bearings with pasteboard saturated with
lubricating oil and then compressed, substantially as and for the purpose
described.
1
Second, the combination with a metallic or other hard and non-absorbent
bearing surfaces of axle or journal boxes of wood in strips arranged relatively
thereto in an intervening or intermediate manner, essentially as herein
set forth and as illustrated by way of example in Figures 1 and 2 of the
Drawing.
Third, a journal or axle box or lining thereto constructed substantially as
described and shown in Figures 3 and 4 of the Drawing, with recesses open

page_text: at their one end, but closed at their opposite end, and arranged in a reverse
order or manner in combination with filling strips cast in or otherwise made
to fit said recesses, and composed of a soft antifriction or absorbent and
lubricating material relatively to the box. or its lining or linings, essentially as
specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Fourteenth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
A. V. NEWTON. (L.S.)