IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINERY
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Percy David Hedderwick, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING
MACHINERY."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Percy David Hedderwick at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th January 1880.
PERCY DAVID HEDDERWICK, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINERY."
This Invention has for its object to improve the construction and action o
printing machinery suitable for newspaper printing and similar work, and it com-
prises apparatus whereby the paper taken in the web form is first cut into sheets
and subsequently printed, each sheet being printed on its two sides in succession,
and finally delivered to folding or delivering apparatus of. any suitable kind. The
improved machinery is contrived so as to be easily arranged for printing sheets of
sizes differing either in width or length or both.
The circum-
In the improved machinery the paper is drawn off the web roll by a pair of
drawing rollers or by a single roller acting in concert with what is hereinafter
termed the knife roller, and is guided round a part of the knife roller.
ference of the knife roller is divided into aliquot parts by equidistant grooves, the
size of the parts corresponding to a column width or other space, by which, or a
multiple thereof, the sheet is required to vary in its length as measured longitudi-
nally, that is round the knife roller or printing cylinders. The knife, which is
made with a sharp serrated edge, is carried on a revolving shaft, and the shaft being
suitably geared to that of the knife roller the rotation of the two causes the knife
at each revolution to enter a groove of the knife roller. As the knife enters the
groove it completely severs the paper at the part then distended over the groove,
and by means of a plate fixed to the knife carrier a strong blast of air is directed
upon the paper, so as to prevent the edge behind the knife from being carried
round by the knife. Immediately after passing the part whereat the knife acts the
paper passes under a movable or drop roller carrying tapes and a rotatory brush or
roller furnished with bristles, or blanketting, or rubber, or leather, or other suitable
flexible material. The rotatory brush has a greater surface speed than that of the
paper, so as to smooth and tighten it before the drop roller falls on it.

page_text: The knife shaft makes a turn for each turn of the type cylinders, and for different
sizes of sheet the knife is adjustable radially on its shaft, and the bearings of the
shaft are adjustable to or from the knife roller, so that the circumference described
by the knife edge may correspond to the size of sheet.
From the knife roller each sheet is led towards the first impression cylinder
between carrying tapes driven at a speed the same as that of the knife roller, but
slower than that of the tapes which lead the sheet round the impression cylinder,
and the carrying tapes are made to open slightly when the sheet is taken by the
entering rollers of the other tapes.
The impression cylinders, type cylinders, and other parts may be arranged in
various ways, but in one convenient modification two impression cylinders occupy
the upper part of the machine, having a type cylinder below each, whilst a single
ink-distributing cylinder with a set of inking rollers serves both type cylinders and
occupies the lower part of the machine.
Each sheet, after passing round the first impression cylinder, is next led by tapes
over a horizontal, or nearly horizontal surface, and its hitherto back or drag edge
is taken hold of by a set of reversing suckers, and by them carried upwards and
started in a forward direction towards the second impression cylinder, in passing
round which it is printed on its second side. The horizontal surface, which may be
that of a board or plate, and may have sides combined with it, prevents air from
following upwards and raising the succeeding sheet, and the desired action may be
further assisted by a suitably directed air blast. There are by preference two sets
of the reversing suckers disposed diametrically opposite to each other, and carried
by a rotating shaft which brings one set into a position to seize a sheet at the
bottom just as the other set is letting go the preceding sheet at the top. The same
shaft also carries pulleys round which the top run of tapes for holding the half
printed sheet are turned. Each set of suckers is carried by a swivelling shaft or
piece, the movement of which is determined by a stationary cam guide in such a
way that the suckers are properly applied to the sheet at the bottom and change
their position relatively to the rotating shaft as they are carried round, so as not to
fold or bend the edge of the paper, and so as to finally move quickly out of the way
of the advancing sheet when it starts towards the second impression cylinder. The
sheet is moved forward by suitably arranged tapes. The action of the suckers may
be obtained in various ways, but in one convenient modification with two sets of
suckers the rotating shaft carrying the suckers and their swivelling shafts is made
hollow, and is divided into two compartments forming air pumps for the two sets
of suckers. These compartments of the shaft or pump barrels are fitted with
plungers which are worked by means of stationary cam guides or other external
mechanism in such a way that air is drawn in at the sucker mouths (which are of
rubber or other suitable material) when the suckers are required to seize a sheet,
and is expelled when a sheet has to be let go.
The machine is made for a maximum breadth of paper web, and when printing a
narrower size such outer suckers as are not to act are plugged or stopped. The type
and impression cylinders are made of a diameter suitable for a maximum length;
and on the first type cylinder a fixed position is given to the drag end of the types
or plates, whilst on the second cylinder the fixed position is given to the leading
end of the types or plates. This arrangement renders it unnecessary to alter the
tapes or suckers for different sizes of sheet; adjusting details are however provided
for securing correct registering and agreement between the cutting and printing
actions.
In a second modification of the general arrangement the inking apparatus is
placed at the upper part of the machine with the type cylinders below it and the
impression cylinders at the lower part. This modification admits of the reversing
suckers being arranged to act through a great part of their orbit, and consequently
with greater certainty.
In some modifications a single type cylinder may be used with two sets of inking
apparatus arranged alternately with the impression cylinders, which latter should be

page_text: double in size. Parts are by preference fitted in immediate connection with the
printing machinery for giving each sheet a single transverse fold whilst delivering
it, further folds being afterwards added by folding apparatus of any suitable known
kind. Tapes lead each sheet from the second impression cylinder between two
rollers, the upper one of which is one of a pair of ordinary folding roller having their
axes in a horizontal plane and taking the folded sheet upwards between them.
The lower roller is placed somewhat to the outer side of the upper one so that the
paper on leaving the two rollers has a downward inclination and it passes over a
smooth inclined guide surface. When the sheet has proceeded far enough a frame
carrying a rotating roller and a knife or blade rises under the sheet, and whilst the
blade starts the fold across the sheet the roller nips the sheet up against the second
folding roller and the rotation of the lifted roller agreeing with that of the folding
roller carries the outer or forward half of the sheet in the proper direction.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Percy David Hedderwick in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
16th July 1880.
PERCY DAVID HEDDERWICK, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINERY."
My said Invention has for its object to improve the construction and action of
printing machinery suitable for newspaper printing and similar work, and it com-
prises apparatus whereby the paper taken in the web form is first cut transversely
into sheets, and subsequently printed, each sheet being printed on its two sides in
succession, and finally delivered to folding or delivering apparatus of any suitable
kind. My improved machinery is contrived so as to be easily arranged for printing
sheets of sizes differing either in width or length, or both; and in it the paper
drawn off the usual web roll is passed partly round what is hereinafter termed the
knife roller whilst being cut by a knife on an axis parallel to that of the knife
roller. The circumference of the knife roller is divided into aliquot parts by
equidistant grooves, the size of the parts corresponding to a column width or other
space by which, or a multiple of which, the sheet is required to vary in its length
as measured the long way of the web. The shaft carrying the knife is suitably
geared to the knife roller, and at each revolution the knife edge enters a groove
and completely severs the paper at the part then distended over the groove. For
different sizes of sheet the knife is adjustable radially so that its edge may sweep
through a larger or smaller cylindrical path, and the shaft is adjusted in position,
and the spurwheel on it is also changed.
From the knife roller each sheet is first led forwards by tapes running at the same
surface speed as the knife roller, but is soon transferred to more quickly running
leader tapes and others which carry it through the printing machinery, the slowly
running tapes opening and closing periodically so as to set each sheet free from
them as soon as it has been seized by the other tapes.
The impression cylinders; type cylinders, and other parts may be arranged in
various ways, but in one convenient modification two impression cylinders have the
type cylinders placed one above each, whilst a single ink-distributing cylinder
with sets of equalising and inking rollers serves both type cylinders and occupies
the upper part of the machine. The term "type cylinder" is herein intended to
signify a cylinder printing with movable types or with stereotype plates.
Each sheet after passing round the first impression cylinder is led to reversing
apparatus placed at the lower part of the machine. The then leading edge of the
sheet is led upon a horizontal or nearly horizontal surface, and its hitherto back or
drag edge is taken hold of by sucking grippers which are upon a rotating skeleton
drum. As the drum rotates the grippers lift the hitherto back edge off the
horizontal surface and carrying it round change it to a leading edge, the grippers
opening or turning over on reaching a certain position, but with the edge of the
paper held to them by the sucking action until it is completely turned over or
reversed and entered between the tapes which carry it round the second impression
cylinder with its second face presented to the second type cylinder.
The machine is made for a maximum breadth of paper web, and when printing
a narrower size such outer suckers or sucking grippers of the reversing drum as
are not to act are plugged or otherwise stopped. The type and impression
cylinders are made of a diameter suitable for a maximum length, and on the first
type cylinder a fixed position is given to the drag end of the types or plates,
whilst on the second cylinder the fixed position is given to the leading end of the
types or plates. This arrangement renders it unnecessary to alter the tapes or
suckers for different lengths of sheet; adjusting details are however, of course,

page_text: provided for securing correct registering and agreement between the cutting and
printing actions.
In some modifications a single type cylinder may be used with two sets of inking
apparatus arranged alternately with the impression cylinders, which latter should
be double in size.
Parts are by preference fitted in immediate connection with the printing
machinery for giving each sheet' a single transverse fold whilst delivering it,
further folds being afterwards added by folding apparatus of any suitable known
kind. Tapes lead each sheet between two rollers, the upper one of which is one
of a pair of ordinary folding rollers taking the sheet upwards between them. The
paper first passes with a slightly downward inclination beneath the folding rollers
and a little beyond them, being received on a smooth inclined surface. When the
sheet has proceeded far enough a frame carrying a roller and a blunt knife or blade
rises under the sheet, and whilst the blade starts the fold across the sheet the frame
roller nips the forward part of the sheet up against the second or outer folding
roller, the result being that the sheet passes up between the folding rollers,
its fold being completed by them.
And in order that the hereinbefore briefly described improvements and various
minor parts also comprised in my said Invention may be properly understood, I
hereunto append two Sheets of explanatory Drawings to be referred to in the
following more particular description, the same or like parts in these Drawings
being marked with the same reference numerals.
Figure 1 on Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a side elevation shewing
the principal parts of a printing machine fitted with my improvements, and
Figure 2 is a horizontal section showing certain details which are at the lower part
of the machine; Figure 3 on Sheet 2 is a sectional diagram showing the cutting
and entering parts with some of them in different positions from those they are
shown in in Figure 1; Figures 4 and 5 are enlarged sectional views as at right
angles to each other of one of the sucking grippers of the reverser; Figure 6 is an
enlarged diagram of the folding apparatus.
The paper 11 is drawn off the wet roll 12, in connection with which any suitable
usual appliances are fitted (although not shown) for adjusting the web transversely
and for imparting the requisite drag or tension, and the paper first passes between
a drawing roller 13 and the knife roller 14, being nipped between them so as to be
drawn forwards. The knive roller 14 is made with grooves 15 along it, these
grooves being equidistant, and the spaces between them corresponding each to a
column width or other space by which, or a multiple of which, the sheet is required
to vary in its length. Brushes or quantities of strong bristles directed outwards are
by preference fitted in the grooves with their ends flush with the surface of the
roller to act as cushions during the cutting action of the knife. There are also
other grooves in the knife roller 13, these being narrow and formed round it for
fine cords which guide the paper when it leaves the roller, the grooves being just
deep enough to avoid the cutting of the cords by the knife. The knife 16 formed
with a sharp finely serrated edge is carried upon a shaft 17, the bearings of which
are adjustable in the framing towards or from the shaft of the knife roller 14. The
knife blade 16 which is placed radially or nearly so with its edge parallel to the
shaft 17 is fixed on a bar, the ends of which are fitted in radial guide pieces 18
fixed on the shaft, each end of the bar being held by a screw-spindle 19 tapped through
the guide piece 18 and passing through the shaft. The knife 16 can be adjusted
in wards or outwards by means of the screw spindles 19 which are fitted with jam
nuts for fixing the parts when adjusted. The knife roller 14 and the knife shaft 17
are geared together by spurwheels, the wheel on the knife shaft 17 being changed to
suit different sizes of the paper to be cut at the same time that the knife is adjusted
radially for the same purpose. Or separate knives with any convenient appliance
for fixing any one on the shaft or separate shafts with fixed knives may be provided
for the several sizes. At each turn of the knife shaft 17 the edge of the knife 16 just
enters one of the grooves 15 of the knife roller 14 sufficiently to sever the paper at

page_text: the part then lying over the groove, the paper being completely cut all the way
across and without leaving any small connections as is done in some cutting
arrangements. At the following side of the knife there is a curved blade 20 which
serves to direct a gust or sudden blast of air that is projected from a pipe 21 having
a long outlet slit upon the paper so as to prevent the edge behind the knife, that
is the leading edge of the following sheet, from being carried round by the knife
away from the knife roller 14. Immediately after passing the part at which the knife
acts, the paper proceeds between the knife roller 14 and a movable roller 22 which
is, by preference, covered with rubber, and which has passing round it a set of
endless tapes for guiding the under side of the sheet. At intervals along the
roller 22 there are rings of bristles or brushing materials of any suitable kind, and
when these stand out radially their outer ends or surfaces move at a greater speed
than that of the knife roller surface. The roller 22 is carried by levers on a
shaft 23 having also fast on it a lever 24, which is actuated through an adjustable
rod indicated by a dotted line by a cam on the knife shaft 17 (this cam and
connections not being shown) so as at periods shortly before and during each cut
to press the roller 22 firmly against the knife roller 14. The bristles or brush
materials are then bended down and their effective surface speed is reduced to that
of the part of the roller 22 on which the tapes lie, but at other times their greater
surface speed will tighten and render smooth the forward part of each sheet as it
enters between the roller 22 and the knife roller 14. The surface of the knife
roller 14 is made smooth to allow the paper to slip over it whilst being tightened
by the brushing action.
The arrangement of the intermediate tapes for leading the sheets forwards
towards the printing machinery will be best understood from Figure 3. The fine
cords lying in the grooves round the knife roller 14 also pass round in grooves in a
roller 25, and the lower parts of these cords guide the paper away from the knife
roller 14, and assist with the tapes passing round the movable roller 22 in leading
the paper in between the roller 25, and a roller 26 touching or close to it. The
course of the endless tapes going round the movable roller 22 after passing between
the rollers 25, 26, is up to a small top guide roller 27, next down to and round a
movable compensating roller 28, then up again to a guide roller 29, and finally
down to the outer side of the roller 26, and thence back to the movable roller 22.
Another set of endless tapes pass round the roller 25, thence up to a top guide
roller 30, next down to and round a movable compensating roller 31, then up again
to a guide roller 32, and finally down to the roller 25 again. Where the two sets
of tapes between which the paper passes ascend together there are two rollers
33, 34, one 33 being on one side of both sets of tapes and stationary, whilst the
other 34 is on the other side and movable, being carried by lever arms which are
fast on a shaft, having also fast on it a lever 35 (Figure 1), which is suitably
actuated through an adjustable rod indicated by a dotted line by a cam on the
knife shaft 17 (the cam and its connections not being shown). At the moment
when a sheet is being withdrawn by the more rapidly moving tapes of the
printing machinery, the intermediate tapes just described are in the slightly open
position in which they are shown in Figure 3, but as soon as a sheet is clearly free
from the intermediate tapes, the roller 34 is moved across and deviates the two sets
of tapes between the roller 26 and the roller 33. The extreme deviated position of
the roller 34 is shown in Figure 1, and whilst it is moving to that position the
compensating rollers 28, 31, are raised so as to let out the tapes to admit of that
deviation, those rollers being lowered again when the roller 34 is moved back, and
in such a manner that the tapes are always kept properly tight. When the roller
34 is being deviated, as described, it not only closes the two sets of tapes at the
part where they pass the roller 33, but it also allows of the following sheet
continuing to be delivered at the same rate from between the rollers 26, 25,
without its leading edge, which by that time will be at or just past the roller 33,
going forward so quickly. Then on the deviating roller 33 being moved back
again the opposite action will take place, and the leading edge which was

page_text: previously retarded will advance more quickly than the rate of the lower rollers
26, 25, and will be delivered to the leading and other tapos of the printing machine
at the rate at which those tapes are moving, one result of the action being the
interposition of a certain space between the drag edge of each sheet, and the
leading edge of the following sheet. The tape rollers 27 to 32 are all made as
light as conveniently possible, so as to change their motions easily without
deranging the tapes.
Immediately above the top guide rollers 27, 30, of the intermediate tapes are
two tape rollers 36, 37, between which the sheet enters into the printing machinery
proper. These rollers 36, 37, are partly indicated by dotted lines in Figure one, as
are also the first impression cylinder 38 and other parts. A set of leader tapes or
leaders pass round the inner tape roller 36, thence over and round the first
impression cylinder 38, then down to and round the lower right-hand quarter of
the reversing drum 39, next horizontally to a guide roller 40, returning thence to
a guide roller 41, and finally up in an inclined direction and over a small roller
42 to the roller 36. These first leaders pass between the paper and the first
impression cylinder 38, but are outside of the paper as it passes round part of the
reversing drum 39, and under it as it passes horizontally along towards the roller 40.
Round the second entering roller 37 there are a set of short endless holding-on
tapes or holders which pass on the outside of the paper until it nearly reaches
the line of contact of the first type cylinder 43, these holders returning round a
small roller 44 to the roller 37. Additional tapes accompany the first leaders on the
same side of the paper from a roller 45, at a point near where the leaders leave the
first impression cylinder 38 to the roller 40, returning along with the leaders, to
the roller 41, but proceeding thence directly upwards to the roller 45. On the
left-hand side of the paper as it descends from the first impression cylinder 38, there
are tapes descending from a roller 46 down to and round the reversing drum 39,
thence round the right-hand side of the second impression cylinder 47, and finally
round a small roller 48 back to the roller 46.
When a sheet is about to be reversed its leading edge is being carried horizontally
from the bottom of the reversing drum 39 towards the roller 40 without being held
down by tapes at this part. Beneath the horizontal part of the tapes there is a
plate 49 of metal, or a plate or board of any suitable material, which extends up
partly round the reversing drum. As soon as the drag edge of the sheet is fairly
on the reversing drum a set of sucking grippers 50 fitted to the drum, and herein-
after more particulary described, are made to turn over and close upon the outer
side of the paper's edge and grip or hold it against perforated surfaces 51 (Figures
4 and 5) fixed on the drum. Then as the drum continues to rotate, and the grippers
still hold the drag edge of the sheet after the leading edge has been carried towards
the roller 40 the hitherto drag edge is carried up, as shown at 52 in Figure 1. The
next sheet following immediately its leading edge proceeds horizontally under the
sheet that is being lifted which is prevented from sucking it up by the plate or
board 49. This plate or board prevents air from rising from below as the sheet is
being lifted and air gets access under that sheet to some extent from the interior of
the reversing drum 39 which is of a skeleton-like construction, so that it will tend
to keep down the next sheet instead of raising it. This action may be assisted by
a current of air directed downwards from a slit along the bottom of a pipe placed
across the machine at 10, Figure 1. As the reversed or new leading edge of the
sheet is being carried up the left-hand side of the reversing drum 39 and at a
suitable point a little before it reaches certain tapes which will bear on its then
outer side, the sucking grippers 50 are turned back again, but their sucking action
is maintained for a short time longer, in consequence of which the edge of the sheet
is turned over by and along with the grippers so that it is not in a doubled
condition when proceeding between the tapes.
The reversing drum 39 is a skeleton cylinder, its circumference being formed by
a number of narrow rings or pulleys 53 (Figure 2) which are in fact the pulleys on
which the tapes that pass round the drum are laid. The pulleys 53 are adjustably.

page_text: fixed on four longitudinal T-irons 54 having their ends fixed to end frames 55
which are fixed on elongated tubular centres or journals 56, held in suitable
bearings in the framing. To an inner pair of longitudinal T-irons 57 fixed to the
end frames 55 there is fixed an air cylinder 58 divided by a partition block at its
middle and provided with two pistons 59, of which one is shown in Figure 2. The
air cylinder 58 is additionally held and steadied by inclined stays 60 connecting it
to the end frames 55, and its purpose is to draw air from the sucking grippers 50,
its action being regulated and excess prevented by fitting it if found desirable
with suitably loaded valves. The reversing drum is fitted with two diametrically
opposite sets of sucking grippers 50, and each set is in connection with one end of
the air cylinder 58. Two of the sucking grippers 50 are shown in Figure 2, but
the others and various other details are omitted, as whilst their delineation could
not be easily effected without considerable confusion, all essential points can be
readily understood from verbal description. Each end of the air cylinder 58 com-
municates by a passage in the middle partition with a metal pipe 61 placed
longitudinally in the drum, and this pipe is made with short branches which are
connected by means of internally wired rubber tubing with the several sucking
grippers 50. In the case of each set of grippers a rod 62 (Figures 4 and 5) fixed
through the several pulleys 53 has set on it in suitable positions between those
pulleys (but not necessarily in every space between them) a plate 51, comprising
the bearing surface against which the sucking gripper 50 holds the paper when in
the closed position, in which it is shown in full lines in Figure 5, such surface being
perforated so that the paper may leave it freely when lifted off it by the sucking
gripper. Attached to the plate 51 there is a double-armed bracket piece 63 which
is set loosely on a rod or shaft 64 placed longitudinally in the druin, and on this
shaft 64 there is fixed between the arms of the piece 63 a toothed sector or lever,
indicated by dotted lines at 65 in Figure 5, but not shown in Figure 4. The
toothed sector gears with a pinion 66 formed on one of the journals of the sucking
gripper 50, which is turned one way or the other as required by means of these
parts, and by a rocking movement imparted to the shaft 64, wich acts simul-
taneously on all the acting grippers of the same set. The shaft 64 has on one end
of it a lever 67 (Figure 1), which is connected to a fixed cam guide shaped so as in
conjunction with a spring to impart the requisite movements, the spring being
applied so as to tend to close the sucking grippers over upon the plates 51, whilst
the cam moves them in the opposite direction. The sucking gripper 50 is formed
with journals which are held in bearings between the pieces 51 and 63, and one of
these journals is hollow and extended to receive the rubber tube 68 for connecting
it to the air pipe 61. The acting face of the sucking gripper 50 is elongated
longitudinally and has a narrow slit formed in it,, a facing of rubber or other
suitable material being applied round the slit to insure close contact with the paper.
At the time when the sucking action of either set of grippers 50 is required, the
corresponding piston 59 of the air cylinder 58 is drawn outwards by a rod 69
passing through the tubular journal 56. This rod 69 is connected by a swivel
joint to a bellcrank lever, indicated by dotted lines at 70 (Figure 2), and centered
on a fixed bracket 71, and the lever 70 is acted on by a bar 72 moving in
stationary guides, and fitted with an antifriction roller which is acted on by a
grooved face can 73 fast on the tubular journal 56 of the reversing drum 39.
Instead of the apparatus for producing the suction being within the reversing drum
it may be external, as herein after described.
At the upper left-hand part of the reversing drum 39, the reversed sheet passes
under a second set of leader tapes or leaders, which turning under a roller 74
proceeds a short distance round the reversing drum, and then go up round the right-
hand side of the second impression cylinder 47, proceeding round a large part of
that cylinder and returing by a roller 75 to the roller 74. Other tapes also pass
round the roller 74 to assist in holding the paper on the reversing drum 39, but
these tapes are guided by rollers 76, 77, 78, away from the second impression.
cylinder 47; they however again assist the paper after it leaves the second impres-

page_text: sion cylinder proceeding with it from the roller 78, between a roller 79, and a disc
cutter 80 for dividing or slitting the sheet longitudinally, the tapes next proceeding
round rollers 81, 82, to the roller 74. Upper leader tapes (not completely
shown) are provided to prevent the sheets from being carried round by the type
cylinders 83, 84; these tapes entering under the tape roller 44 and passing between
the first impression cylinder 38 and the first type cylinder 43, next crossing to and
passing under the tape roller 48 and between the second impression cylinder 47 and
the second type cylinder 83, and under the tape roller 84; these upper leader tapes
may be lead back from the roller 84 to the roller 44 over the top of the machine by
means of suitably arranged guide rollers; or each tape may pass with a quarter
twist from the roller 84 to a guide pulley at right angles thereto, thence hori-
zontally or nearly so to a vertical guide pulley at the side of the machine,
proceeding next outside the framing to another vertical guide pulley, from which
it passes inwards again to a last pulley, and thence with a quarter twist back again
to the roller 44.
As the paper having been printed on its second side by the second type
cylinder 83 leaves that cylinder and the second impression cylinder 47, it is guided
on its upper side by a set of endless tapes passing round a roller 84 and under the
roller 79, and next round a roller 85, above the roller 81, and thence returning to
the roller 84.
The rollers 81, 85, form part of the arrangement shown enlarged in Figure 6 for
imparting a single fold to the paper as it leaves the printing machine. The roller 85
is one of a pair 86, 85, of first folders rotating in contact, being by preference
covered with rubber, and having endless tapes round each to carry the paper away
in an upward direction to apparatus of any suitable known kind for folding it
again or for simply delivering it. The plane containing the axes of the rollers
81, 85, makes a little more than a right angle with the plane of the axes of the
rollers 86, 85, 80 that the paper issues towards the left hand from between the
rollers 81, 85, in a direction slightly inclined away from the bottom of the roller 86.
The paper proceeds over a smooth roller 87 which does not rotate when in the
position shown in full lines in Figure 6, and a smooth curved surface 88 temporarily
supports the part of the paper going beyond the roller 87; the roller 87 and the
curved piece 88 are carried by a pair of frame checks 89 fixed on a rocking shaft 90
and made to oscillate at the proper periods by means of a rod (not shown) con-
nected to the eye 91, such rod being actuated by a suitable cam on the shaft of the
second impression cylinder 47 or in any other convenient way. Attached to the
cheeks 89 by joints at 92 are two arms 93, the movements of which are controlled by
radius liuks 94, and these arms 93 are connected at their tops by a bar 95 having a
rounded upper edge and which serves for indenting or bending the middle of eacli
sheet upwards. When a sheet has proceeded far enough towards the left hand the
cheeks 89 are moved so as to raise the roller 87 into the position indicated by the
dotted circle, whereupon that roller nips the paper between it and the roller 86,
which at its bottom moves to the right band, and the roller 87 being then free to
turn the leading part of the paper is made to move backwards. At the same time
the bar 95 rising carries the middle of the sheet upwards, and the action on it of the
two rollers 86, 85, takes it up between them completing the fold. When the cheeks 89
move back again the roller 87 comes into contact with a stationary brake surface
(not shown) which stops the rotation it has received from the roller 86. The folding
apparatus may be doubled if found necessary for obtaining a desired speed, the
sheets being alternately delivered to each set of folding details by appliances such as
are in use for similar purposes.
The first-motion shaft 96 occupies a position below and between the two
impression cylinders 47, 38, which it drives by means of a spurwheel on it gearing
with spurwheels on their shafts, whilst their spurwheels also gear with spurwheels
on the shafts of the type cylinders 83, 43, in the ordinary way. The reversing
drum 39 is driven by means of a spurwheel on its shaft geared by means of an

page_text: intermediate wheel 97 to a wheel on the first-motion shaft 96. The knife shaft 17
is driven from the first-motion shaft 96 by means of an inclined shaft and adjustable
bevil wheels which are not shown. A spurwheel 98, indicated by a dotted circle,
transmits motion from a wheel on the shaft of the knife roller 14 to the tape
roller 25, which is geared directly to the tape roller 26, the wheel 98 being loose
on the rocking shaft 23. The compensating tape rollers 28, 31, are carried by pairs
of lever arms 99, 100, which are geared together by sector teeth, and of which
levers one pair 100 is on a rocking shaft having fast on it a lever 101, which
is actuated by a cam on the knife shaft 17, the cam and connections not being
shown.
The inking apparatus comprises a single distribution cylinder or rotating
"table" 102, which may be conveniently driven by means of a crank on its shaft
connected to crank pins on the wheels of the type cylinders 83, 43, by a triangular
frame acting as a compound connecting-rod. Four inking rollers 103 transfer the
ink from the distribution cylinder 102 to the type cylinders 83, 43, each being
served by a pair. The journals of these inking rollers 103 are held in peculiar
bearings which are very conveniently adjustable. The lower ones are held in
handled bushes 104 fitted in circular seats in adjustable brackets 105 attached to
the main framing, the journal bearings be formed eccentrically in the bushes 104,
and the adjustment being effected by turning them. When either eccentric
bush 10+ is turned into a certain position the roller can be removed through a slot.
Similar eccentric bushes 104 are applied to the upper inking rollers 103, but these
bushes are themselves held in outer eccentric bushes 106 fitted in circular seats in
the main framing, a double adjusting power being thereby obtained. Above the
right-hand side of the distribution cylinder 104 there are a couple of equalising
rollers 107, and on its other side the distribution cylinder 104 receives its ink from
the lowermost 108 of a set of five equalising rollers 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, the
uppermost of which 112 receives its ink by means of an ordinary vibrating
"ductor" or conducting roller 113 from the ink "block or roller 114 in the ink
trough 115. The several rollers are driven in the ordinary way, and whilst
two 111, 109, of the equalising rollers are held in stationary bearings the others
112, 110, 108, are made to reciprocate on end, the upper one 112 always moving
oppositely to the two lower ones 110, 108. The bearings of these lower rollers 110,
108, are connected by a vertical bar 116, to which the reciprocating motion is
imparted by a lever 117 on a rocking shaft 118, the lever 117 also moving a
double lever 119 which gives the endway motion to the uppermost roller 112. The
shaft 118 is made to rock by an arm jointed to it, and having its outer end entered
obliquely into a socket in a wheel 120 geared to the shaft of the distribution
cylinder 102. The joint of the arm to the rocking shaft 118 is opposite the centre
of the wheel 120, and allows the arm to follow the horizontal component of the
wheel's motion, whilst the vertical component of that motion causes the shaft to
rock. Two ink distributing cylinders may be substituted for the single one 102,
such two cylinders being respectively in contact with the pairs of inkers 103 on
each side and receiving their ink from a single roller placed above and between
them.
"
As herein before mentioned the sucking action of the grippers 50 of the reversing
drum 39 may be produced by means of external pumping or air exhausting
apparatus instead of the cylinder 58 and pistons 59 arranged within the drum, as
herein before described. When such external air exhausting apparatus, which may
be of any convenient kind, is used its proper periodical communication with the
two pipes 61 connected to the two diametrically opposite sets of sucking grippers
may be effected by the simple appliance shown in Figures 7 and 8, on Sheet 2 of
the accompanying Drawings, these Figures being enlarged horizontal and vertical
sections. A shaft 125 extending from end to end of the drum is substituted for the
two trunnions or journals 56, the end discs 55 being fixed on it. At one end the
shaft 125 has a bore formed a certain distance into it to receive the end of a

page_text: stationary pipe 126 'connected to the exhausting apparatus. The end of this
pipe 126 is made conical like a stopcock plug to fit the inner end of the bore made
correspondingly conical. The two air pipes 61 are connected to the shaft at
diametrically opposite points so as to communicate with the conical part of the
bore, and a port 127 is formed in the side of the plug or conical end of the pipe 126,
80 as to communicate with one or other of the pipes 61, the rotation of the drun
and shaft 125 causing the communication to be formed alternately with each pipe
at the proper times.
Any adjusting or other details not shown in the Drawings or not hereinbefore
described are to be understood as being constructed or arranged in a manner
similar to what is adopted for similar purposes in existing printing machines or in
any suitable way. When a change is made in the knife for a different size of
paper various toothed wheels and cams and their connections will require to be
changed also, and sets of the parts should be provided to suit the several sizes.
Many of my improvements may be advantageously used without being necessarily
combined with all the parts or arrangements in connection with which they are
herein before described; thus, for example, instead of forming the knife 16 so as to
completely sever the paper it may be made, as in some existing machines, to leave
small uncut connections to be afterwards torn through when each sheet becomes
subjected to the quicker movement of the tapes of the printing machine, and in
that case the plate 20 and air blast pipe 21 may probably be dispensed with and
also the differential action of the roller.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I have to state that I do not restrict myself to the precise details
herein described or delineated, but that what I believe to be novel and original and
claim as the Invention secured to me by and in terms of the hereinbefore in part
recited Letters Patent is,-
1. The arranging or combining together of the parts of printing machinery, sub-
stantially in the improved manner hereinbefore described.
2. The combination of the knife roller with the adjustable or changeable knife
and its gearing, the knife roller being grooved substantially in the manner and for
the purposes herein before described.
3. The combination with the knife roller of the roller (22) with brushing parts,
and moving to and from the knife roller, substantially as and for the purposes
herein before described.
4. The combination of the air blast projector and the guide plate or air director
on the knife, with the knife and knife roller, substantially as and for the purposes
herein before described.
5. The arrangement of the intermediate tapes and their closing, deviating, and
opening movements, substantially as and for the purposes herein before described.
6. The combination, arrangement, and mode of operation of the parts constituting
the reversing apparatus, substantially as herein before described.
7. The construction, arrangement, and mode of operation of the sucking grippers
forming part of the reversing apparatus, substantially as herein before described.
8. The combination of the plate or board (49) with the arrangement of the tapés,
whereby the sheets are run horizontally outwards from the reversing drum to be
lifted thence by their previously drag edges upon the drum again without inter-
fering with each other, substantially as hereinbefore described.
9. The arrangement of the air pumping or sucking apparatus within the
reversing drum, and the parts for working the same, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
10. The combination of the reversing apparatus with two impression cylinders,
two type cylinders, and one set of inking apparatus, the parts being arranged and
operating substantially as herein before described.
11. The combination of parts herein before described with reference to Figure 6
of the accompanying Drawings, for delivering the sheets from the printing machinery

page_text: each with a single fold, and more particularly the combination and modes of action
of the roller (87) and bar (95).
In witness whereof, I, the said Percy David Hedderwick, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
P. D. HEDDERWICK. (L.S.)