IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS OR WATER HEATING APPARATUS
Year: 1884

page_text: 1, JOSEPH WITHERSPOON of Red Rose Vineries, Chester-le-Street in the County
of Durham, Nurseryman and Fruit Grower do hereby declare the nature of said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS OR WATER HEATING APPARATUS" to
bo as follows :—
My Invention has for its object to so construct a boiler or water heating apparatus
of cast iron occupying but a small space and with a great heating surface effecting
the heating of the water with economy of fuel, the parts being so arranged that an
improved circulation is obtained and so that the boiler can be readily crected and
taken to pieces for the removal of any defective part or for other purposes.
According to my Invention I construct the main body of the boiler in vertical
sections or portions connected together by tie-rods and nuts so as to admit of any
one or more of the sections being removed when damaged and replaced by a now
section.
The sections forming or enclosing the furnace or fire-space are of a hollow saddle
form for containing the water, the depending sides communicating with each other
by a passage or passages through which the water circulates. This passage or these
passages may be in communication with the top or transverse portion by another
passage for the purpose of obtaining a good circulation of the water. The interior
of these saddle sections communicate with each other by openings at the upper and
lower parts at which parts they are provided with a recess and projection, the
projections of one section entering the recesses of the adjacent section india-rubber
or other packing intervening for the purpose of making a tight joint between the
sections.
The combustion chamber of the boiler is also formed of, or enclosed by sections of
similar size and shape to those of the furnace portion but instead of connecting the
depending sides of the sections by transverse passages they are provided with hollow
projections or bridges through which the water circulates the projection of the
section situated nearest the furnace having a passage over it that of the next
section having a passage under it, and so on alternately there being any desired
number of these sections according to the length of the boiler required—By thus
arranging the hollow projections the products of combustion from the furnace are
compelled to travel alternately upwards and downwards towards the chimney and
their heat is thus efficiently taken up.

page_text: In order to still further increase the heating surface and improve the circulation
of the water I make the fire-bars hollow and I connect their rear and front ends
by transverse passages-These hollow bars are supplied with water for which
purpose they may be in communication with the water space of the boiler proper,
the one of the chambers in communication with the water supply being divided so
as to cause the water to travel along some of the hollow bars in one direction and
then return by the others.
The front of the boiler containing the fire door is hollow and its water space
may communicate with the chamber to which the hollow fire bars are connected.
The hollow bars may extend the whole length of the furnace but provision is
made beneath the hollow projections or bridges for the said bars passing into or
beneath the flue when the boiler is shortened by the removal of any one or more of
the sections.
Openings fitted with suitable plugs are provided at various parts, where requisite
for the purposo of cleaning out the spaces or tubes.

page_text: I JOSEPH WITHERSPOON of Red Rose Vineries Chester-le-Street, in the County
of Durham, Nurseryman, and Fruit Grower do hereby declare the nature of my
invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS OR WATER HEATING APPARATUS" and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My Invention has for its object to construct a Boiler or water heating apparatus.
of cast iron occupying but a small space and with a great heating surface, effecting
the heating of the water with economy of fuel the parts being so arranged that an
improved circulation is obtained and so that the boiler can be readily taken to
pieces for the removal of any defective part or for other purposes.
According to my Invention I construct the boiler in sections connected firmly
together so as to admit of any one or more of the sections being removed and
replaced; the sections being provided as a component part thereof with tubes or
passages for the circulation of water and the obtainment of a large heating
surface.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawing illustrates in side elevation a boiler or
water heating apparatus constructed according to my Invention. Figure 2 is a
longitudinal section and figure 3 is an end view-Figures 4 and 5 shew separate
sections as hereinafter described.
The sections A forming or enclosing the furnace or fire space of the boiler or
heater, are of a hollow saddle form (as shewn in figure 4) for containing the water,
the depending sides communicating with each other by means of a passage (or
passages) a through which the water circulates.
This passage or these passages (if more than one be used) may be in communi-
cation with the top or transverse portion of the section by a passage (or passages)
as at a³ for the purpose of securing a very thorough circulation of the water-The
water spaces on either side of these saddle sections communicate with each other
by openings b at the upper and lower parts, at which parts they are provided with
a recess c and projection d, the projections of one section entering the recesses of
the adjacent section, indiarubber or other packing intervening for the purpose of
making a tight joint between the sections.
The combustion chamber of the boiler is also formed of or enclosed by sections E,
of similar size and shape to those of the furnace portion, but instead of connecting
the depending sides of the sections by transverse passages, they may be provided
with hollow projections or bridges through which the water circulates, the pro-
jection of the section situated nearest the furnace having a passage over it, that of
the next section having a passage under it, and so on alternately there being any
desired number of these sections according to the length of the boiler required-By
these means the products of combustion from the furnace are compelled to travel
alternately upwards and downwards or in a zig zag direction between the tubes
towards the chimney so that the heat is efficiently taken up and utilized very
thoroughly in heating the water.
This construction is shewn with regard to the two end sections of the combustion
chamber where the hollow projections referred to are marked e. When all sections
are of this shape they will be alternately placed that is to say the sections with a
projection from the lower part and a space above it will alternate with the sections
having the projection from the upper part and a space below it I prefer however
to connect the sides or legs of the mid sections of the combustion chamber by
alternately placed tubes e as shown in figures 2 and 5.

page_text: In order to still further increase the heating surface and improve the circulation
of the water I prefer to make the fire bars f hollow and I connect their rear and
front ends by transverse passages-These hollow bars are supplied with water, for
which purpose they may be in communication with the water space or water supply
of the boiler proper.
The front of the boiler (the front section A figure 2) containing the fire door is
hollow and its water space may communicate with the chamber into which the
front ends of the hollow fire bars open.
Openings fitted with suitable plugs are provided at various parts where requisite,
for the purpose of cleaning out the spaces or tubes These are represented at x.
The sections may be mounted on a box or ash pit G provided with suitable
openings for air and the said sections are forced closely together by means of the
rods and nuts h the rods passing through lugs on the end sections and also if
required on one or more of the intermediate sections.
i is the flange for the connection of the steam pipe or outlet for hot water.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
First A Boiler or heating apparatus consisting of a number of hollow sections
provided with tubes or water circulating passages forming a component part of
each section, the said sections enclosing the furnace and combustion chamber, or
either of them, substantially as herein before described and illustrated by the
accompanying drawings.
Second. The general arrangement and combination of parts constituting the
boiler or water heater hereinbefore described and illustrated by the accompanying
drawings.
Dated this eighth day of December One thousand eight hundred and eighty