Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Carpets and to Machinery or Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Mar., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 10th Dec., 1891-Accepted, 16th Jan., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Carpets and to
Machinery or Apparatus therefor.
We, WILLIAM YOUNGJOHNS, of Sutton Road, Blackbrook, Kidderminster, in
the County of Worcester, Power-loom Tuner and CHARLES HUGHES, of the firm
of Edward Hughes and Sons, of Kidderminster, in the County of Worcester,
Carpet Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
Our invention relates to the manufacture of "Turkey" carpets and to machinery
or apparatus therefor.
"
In the Specification of former Letters Patent dated 20th October A.D. 1886,
No. 13,401, there is described a method of manufacturing Turkey carpets by
machinery. Our present improvements are designed to increase the efficiency of
the machinery or apparatus for weaving such carpets, and thus expedite the
manufacture of the same.
In the apparatus described in the said former Specification, there is a travelling
carriage supporting a box or frame which contains the mechanism for feeding the
different coloured tufts of worsted into the fabric and securing or knotting the
same therein. These parts are so arranged that the said mechanism operates
while being automatically fed intermittently across the loom in one direction but
is inoperative while being moved across in the reverse direction by a counterweight
or spring. Now an important feature of our present invention is the construction
of the loom in such a manner that the said carriage and box or frame will be
automatically fed intermittently across the loom alternately in either direction,
and the mechanism will operate while travelling in both directions, that is to say,
the pieces or tufts of worsted of the different colours required will be inserted and
knotted in the fabric while the carriage is being fed from right to left, and also
while the said carriage is being fed from left to right.
For intermittently moving the said carriage across the loom, we employ a screw-
threaded rod which extends from one to the other end of the rails on which the
carriage travels, and which is firmly fixed at each end in cross-bars connecting the
two rails as hereinafter mentioned. This screw-threaded rod we will, for con-
venience of description, hereinafter term the traverse screw. We provide a suitable
nut which works upon the said screw, and which has fixed on each end of it a
ratchet-wheel with five or any other suitable number of teeth. On the top of the
carriage we provide a T-shaped or three-armed lever, which is pivoted upon a
suitable pin or stud fixed in the said carriage. Two pawl-carriers are coupled to
this lever, one to each of two arms thereof; these pawl-carriers are so arranged
that their pawls will engage respectively with the said ratchet-wheels, and, while
one of the said pawl-carriers is moving in one direction, the other pawl-carrier will
move in the reverse direction. The third arm of the said lever is suitably con-
nected to an operating lever similar to that which effects the intermittent move-
ment of the carriage in the apparatus described in the said former Specification.
A spring is connected with the said three-armed lever for effecting its return
movement, or a positive motion may be imparted to it alternately in either
direction. A suitable spring brake is applied to the said nut to prevent undue
movement thereof upon the traverse screw, when partially rotated by one or other
of the said pawls.
We provide suitable means for holding one of the said pawls out of engagement
with the corresponding ratchet-wheel, whilst permitting the other pawl to engage

page_text: with its ratchet-wheel, and for simultaneously throwing the latter pawl out of gear
and the former into gear with the corresponding ratchet-wheels, for the purpose of
reversing the movement of the carriage. We find it advantageous to connect the
said pawls with cords or chains which are attached respectively to two arms of
a lever fixed upon a shaft which extends from the front to the rear of the said
carriage and is supported in suitable bearings therein so that it can be moved
longitudinally to and fro. One end of the said shaft extends through the front of
the carriage and is provided with a convenient knob or handle for operating it. A
portion of the said sliding shaft is made square or of other suitable shape in
transverse section and works in a correspondingly shaped hole in the carriage.
This portion of the said shaft is slightly twisted so that, when the shaft is moved
longitudinally in one or the other direction, it will be caused to turn about its axis
in one or the other direction, and will, through the medium of the said lever and
cords or chains, raise one of the pawls and simultaneously lower the other pawl,
thus reversing the travel of the carriage.
Our said invention, moreover, comprises improved means whereby the feed-slide
may be moved or adjusted to change the colour of worsted to be fed into the fabric.
For this purpose we connect with each end of the said slide a suitable chain; one
of these chains is wound in one direction around a spirally grooved drum or worm
fixed upon a shaft, which is mounted in suitable bearings in the box or frame, and
which is provided with a handle or hand-wheel for operating it; the other end of
the said chain is secured to the said drum or worm. The other chain is passed
around guide-pulleys and is wound around the said drum or worm in the reverse
direction, its other end being secured to the said drum or worm. By this means
we are enabled to dispense with the gearing heretofore employed for adjusting the
feed-slide. The said hand-wheel is numbered or otherwise marked upon its hub
or upon its periphery to facilitate its adjustment for changing the colours.
spring is also provided having a suitable projection or tooth to engage in one or
other of a series of notches in the hand-wheel for the purpose of retaining the same
in any of the positions to which it requires to be adjusted.
A
The bobbins for holding the worsted of the different colours required, are
supported upon suitable rods fitted into a frame mounted upon the carriage. The
worsted from each bobbin is passed through a separate curved hook or guide
provided at the lower end of the said frame." Two guide-rods are, moreover, pro-
vided, between which the worsted is passed before it enters the feed-slide. Instead
of employing bobbins for holding the worsted, we sometimes make the worsted up
into balls, from the interior of which the worsted may be drawn, and we place these
balls in boxes or cages suitably mounted upon the carriage. We thus provide
for diminishing the tension of the worsted and ensure great uniformity in such
tension.
In place of the conveyor described in the said former Specification, for laying
the worsted as it comes from the feed-slide upon the ground chain, we provide a
pair of nippers or tweezers arranged to move in a guide-way in the box or frame,
and so arranged that, when moved towards the feed-slide, they will open to receive
the worsted fed therefrom, and, when moved away from the said feed-slide, they
will close and grip the worsted and will lay the same properly across the ground
chain in the path of the forked lever for thrusting the ends of the piece or tuft of
worsted down between the chain-threads.
We find it advantageous to provide the said forked lever with a spring having
pins or points which project through the space in the forked end of the said lever,
and which, when the piece or tuft of worsted is laid upon the ground chain, will
engage with the said tuft and retain the same in place until its ends are pushed
down between the chain-threads and are seized by the nippers or tweezers for
drawing them up again and thus forming the knot. We prefer to make the said
spring with a clip to engage with and prevent the spreading or opening of the
forked part of the said lever.
To obviate liability to breakage of the parts of the feed-mechanism by reason

page_text: of hard substances contained in or attached to the worsted, or by reason of the
worsted being of extra thickness in some parts, we provide for permitting upward
movement of the feed-shaft through a short distance when undue pressure is
exerted thereon. For this purpose we sometimes arrange the bearing for the
front end of the said shaft in such a manner that it can slide up and down, and
we provide a spring or weight for holding it down under normal conditions whilst
permitting it to rise when necessary.
We provide, moreover, for closing more tightly than heretofore the nippers or
tweezers for drawing the ends of the tuft up through the chain. The closing of
these tweezers has hitherto been effected by means of a spring or springs. To
obviate liability to slipping of the worsted out of the said tweezers, we now provide
fixed inclined pieces or cams, which, while the said tweezers are moving upward
to tighten the knot, engage with the said tweezers and cause them to grip the
worsted very tightly.
We prefer to so construct the said tweezers that the two parts or jaws thereof
cross each other, and so that, when open, they will not spread the chain-threads.
We thus ensure the more efficient working of the apparatus.
Our said invention further comprises various improvements in the construction
of the loom proper, to adapt it for use with the improved apparatus for inserting
and knotting the tufts of worsted.
The rails on which the said apparatus travels, are rigidly connected at each end
by a cross-bar and are attached to, or suspended from the free end of suitable
levers pivoted to the frame of the loom, and connected or provided with suitable
springs or weights which nearly counterbalance the weight of the said rails and
the parts carried thereby. The said levers are arranged to be operated by suitable
cams so that the said rails will be raised to permit the beating of the lathe after
each row of tufts has been inserted, and will then be allowed to return to their
operative position under the action of gravity.
The loom is preferably so constructed that the lathe will make six beats after
each row of tufts is completed, and so that at least two of these beats will be made
while the whole of the chain-threads are horizontal or in the same plane. The
loom is, moreover, provided with suitable means for automatically stopping it after
the lathe has made these six beats For this purpose we sometimes use a cam
which acts, through the medium of suitable levers and rods, to disengage a catch
from the starting lever, which, when thus released, is moved by a spring or weight
so as to stop the loom.
The aforesaid rails are arranged to rest, when lowered, upon conical pins which
fit into corresponding holes or recesses in the rails and ensure the lowering of the
said rails always into the same position relatively to the fabric. To permit the
weaving of portions of fabric without the tufts of worsted, for instance at the ends
of small carpets or of pieces of carpet, we provide for supporting the said rails by
means of rods or struts provided with conical ends which fit into corresponding
holes or recesses in the rails.
It is desirable that the ground chain should be supported in the vicinity of the
tuft-inserting mechanism during the operation of inserting the tufts. To provide
for such support without interfering with the action of the lathe, we employ a
supporting bar which is moved into and out of its operative position simultaneously
with the lowering and raising of the aforesaid rails.
We modify the construction of the harness motion of the loom as follows, that is
to say-Instead of arranging treadle-levers above and below the harness and
employing operating cams outside of the main frame of the loom, we dispense with
the treadle-levers above the harness, and provide for the operation of treadle-levers
beneath the harness by means of suitable box-cams, in such a manner that the
said levers will impart both the upward and the downward motion to the heddles
or healds. We prefer, moreover, to arrange the said treadles and box-cams inside
of the main frame of the loom. In wide looms we may, if desired, use two or
more sets of treadle-levers and operating cams.

page_text: To prevent contraction of the carpet while the comb described in the said former
Specification is withdrawn to permit the beating of the lathe, we find it advantageous
to arrange in the breast-plate of the loom, near each edge of the carpet, a wheel
provided with pins or pointed teeth which enter the carpet and keep the same
stretched to its full width.
The aforesaid comb is fitted to slide in slots in the breast-plate and is arranged
to be operated by a cam or cams which draw it downward to permit the beating
of the lathe and then release it to permit its re-insertion in the fabric. The
re-insertion of the said comb is conveniently effected by springs which are connected
by cords or chains with levers operated by the said cams.
For holding down the chain-threads behind the lathe and thus ensuring the
entrance of the teeth of the comb between the said threads, we so arrange a loose
bar in slots in the back of the lathe, that it will rest upon the chain-threads and
hold them down by its weight. Or we may employ for this purpose a light bar
held down by suitable springs.
We provide an inclined or curved foot on the underside of the box or frame
containing the tuft-inserting mechanism, in such a position that, during the tying
of the knots, it will hold the chain-threads down so as to prevent their displacement
from the comb.
We also provide on the underside of the said box or frame inclined or curved
pieces which, during the movement of the said box or frame along the rails, will
push the knotted tufts into their proper position in the fabric. One of these pieces
will act during the movement of the box or frame in one direction and the other
during the movement of the said box or frame in the reverse direction, the
knotting-mechanism being situated between them.
Dated this 10th day of March 1891.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Carpets and to
Machinery or Apparatus therefor.
We, WILLIAM YOUNGJOHNS, Power Loom Tuner, of Blackbrook, Kidder-
minster, and CHARLES HUGHES, of the firm of Edward Hughes and Sons, Carpet
Manufacturers, Town Carpet Mills, Kidderminster, both in the County of
Worcester, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
Our invention relates to the manufacture of "Turkey" carpets and to machinery
or apparatus therefor.
Our present improvements are designed to increase the efficiency of the machinery
or apparatus for weaving "Turkey carpets by the method described in the
Specification of former Letters Patent dated 20th October, 1886, No. 13,401, and
to thus expedite the manufacture of such carpets.
The method of manufacture described in the said former Specification consists in
first laying worsted of the desired color upon the ground chain and cutting a piece
of the required length from the said worsted, then pushing the ends of the said
piece through the said chain so as to enclose two of the threads thereof, bringing
the said ends together beneath the chain, and then drawing them up through the
said chain between the said two threads. In this manner, pieces or tufts of worsted
of different colors are securely attached to the said chain. The ground weft is
woven in the ordinary manner after each row of pieces or tufts of worsted has been
woven or secured to the chain in the manner above described.
The machinery or apparatus for producing such carpets, comprises feed-mechanism

page_text: which is so constructed that any desired number of different colored worsteds can be
fed thereby, as required, into position to be operated upon by the cutting and
weaving mechanism. This feed-mechanism comprises a slide which is mounted in a
box or frame arranged to move to and fro across the front of the loom, and which
is provided with a series of apertures or passages through which the different
colored worsteds are conducted from reels or bobbins suitably supported upon the
loom or upon the said box or frame. Feed-rolls are arranged in combination with
each of the said apertures or passages, and the said slide is provided with means
whereby it may be adjusted to bring either of the said feed-rolls into position to be
operated by a feed-wheel or cam. This feed-wheel or cam is so constructed that
it will, in each rotation, feed the required quantity of worsted through the feed-
slide.
In combination with this feed-mechanism, a device is provided for indicating to
the attendant which color of worsted is being fed and woven, and for enabling him
to adjust the feed-slide according to the color of worsted which it is desired shall be
fed and woven.
A knife, cutter or pair of shears is also provided which is arranged to operate,
after the worsted has been fed through the aforesaid slide, to cut off a piece of the
said worsted of the required length. Moreover a forked arm or lever is arranged
in combination with means for operating the same to push the ends of the pieces or
tufts of worsted through the ground-chain, and in combination with a pair of
nippers or tweezers and means for operating the same to seize the ends of the said
pieces or tufts and draw them up between the threads of the said chain in the
manner above mentioned.
In the apparatus described in the said former Specification, the box or frame in
which the various devices above mentioned are arranged, is supported by a carriage
provided with suitable means for intermittently moving it across the loom in front
of the lathe, to permit the mechanism to successively insert the pieces or tufts of
worsted. The said carriage is also provided with a counterweight or other suitable
means for effecting its rapid return movement, after a row of pieces or tufts of
worsted has been completed, to bring the mechanism into position to commence a
fresh row thereof.
Now an important feature of our present invention is the construction of the
machine in such a manner that the said carriage and box or frame will be
automatically fed intermittently across the loom alternately in either direction, and
the mechanism will operate while travelling in both directions, that is to say, the
pieces or tufts of worsted of the different colors required will be inserted and
knotted in the fabric while the carriage is being fed from right to left and also
while the said carriage is being fed from left to right.
Our said invention, moreover, comprises improved means whereby the feed-slide
may be moved or adjusted to change the color of worsted to be fed into the fabric.
Our said invention also comprises various improvements in the construction of the
loom proper to adapt it for use with the improved apparatus for inserting and
knotting the tufts of worsted. And our said invention further comprises other
improvements hereinafter set forth.

page_text: Figure 9 a plan, and
Figures 10 and 11 are side elevations, all drawn to an enlarged scale, shewing
the mechanism for inserting and knotting the pieces or tufts of worsted.
Figure 12 is a side elevation, and
Figure 13 an underside view, drawn to a still further enlarged scale, shewing a
device for causing the knotting tweezers to tightly grip the pieces or tufts of
worsted.
Figure 14 is a side elevation, partly in vertical section, shewing a portion of the
forked lever for inserting the pieces of worsted in the ground-chain, and
Figure 15 is a sectional elevation showing a portion of the treadle-motion
hereinafter described.
Figure 16 shows a portion of Figure 1 drawn to an enlarged scale, some of the
parts being removed.
Figure 17 is a vertical section on the line ³, ³, Figure 16.
Figure 18 is a plan, and
Figure 19 a sectional side elevation illustrating more clearly the mechanism for
stopping the loom.
Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawings.
A is the frame of the machine; B is the lathe which is pivoted at B₁ to the said
frame, and is operated by cranks C, C formed or fixed upon the shaft D; this
shaft is connected by gearing, in a well-known manner, with the driving-shaft of the
loon. E is the breast-plate of the loom. a, a are two rails which are connected
at both ends thereof by cross-bars a', whereby they are suspended from levers a*
pivoted at a³ to the frame A. These rails are adapted to rest at each end
upon
said frame. is the carriage which is provided with rollers or wheels
arranged to move to and fro upon the said rails. c is a box or frame suspended from
this carriage by means of rods or connecting-pieces c¹.
the 2
and is
A driving-shaft d is fitted to rotate in suitable bearings in the box or frame c,
and has mounted upon it a pulley d¹ to which motion is transmitted from the
countershaft 2 of the loom, through the medium of suitable gearing, comprising
bands or ropes d², d³ and pulleys d', d³, d. The said pulleys d, d are connected
by mitre-wheels d', d, Figure 1; and a belt. d, Figures 1, 2 and 3, connects_a
pulley do fixed on the same shaft as the pulley with a pulley d" fixed on the
countershaft d¹³.
e is the feed-slide through which the different colored worsteds are passed and
which is arranged to be moved or adjusted as hereinafter described (or in other
any
convenient manner) to bring the worsted of the desired color into position for
insertion into the ground-chain of the fabric.
3
For intermittently moving the carriage across the loom alternately in either 4
direction, we employ the following mechanism, that is to say :-A screw-threaded
rod extends from one to the other end of the rails a on which the carriage b
travels, the said rod being firmly fixed at its ends in the cross-bars a¹ connecting the
said rails. This screw-threaded rod we will, for convenience of description, herein-
after term the traverse screw. We provide a suitable nut 9 which works upon the
said traverse screw and bears against projections or lugs on the carriage b for
the purpose of moving the said carriage. This nut has fixed on each end of it a
ratchet-wheel g₁, more clearly shewn in Figures 5, 16 and 17, with any suitable
number of teeth. On the top of the carriage b, we provide a T-shaped or three-
armed lever h, Figures 1, 5, 16 and 17, which is pivoted upon a suitable pin or
stud fixed in the said carriage. Two pawl-carriers 2 are coupled to this lever,
one to each of two arms thereof; these pawl-carriers are so arranged that their
pawls, will engage respectively with the said ratchet-wheels g³, and so that,
while one of the said pawl-carriers is moving in one direction, the other pawl-
carrier will move in the reverse direction. The third arm of the lever h is suitably 5
connected to a lever i which is pivoted at ¹ to the box or frame c, as more clearly
shown in Figures 5, 16 and 17, and is operated by a cam-groove³ in a toothed
1
1

page_text: wheel fixed upon the shaft ; for operating the feed-rolls hereinafter described;
the said wheel is geared with a pinion d¹³ fixed on the driving-shaft d. In the
rotation of the wheel j¹, the lever i will be caused to operate the lever / in such a
manner that the said lever will, through the medium of the pawl / or ht and the
corresponding ratchet-wheel, move the box or frame c intermittently across the
loom in one or the other direction according to whether the pawl h³ or the pawl h*
is in gear with its ratchet-wheel g'.
A spring his connected with the said lever h for the purpose of effecting its
return movement; or a positive motion may be imparted to the said lever alter-
nately in either direction by means of the cam-groove and lever 1. A suitable
spring clip or brake g² is applied to the nut g to prevent undue movement of the
said nut g upon the traverse screw when partially rotated by one or other of the
said pawls. This brake is attached to the carriage band is made with a pair of
jaws which firmly grip the nut g and thus produce sufficient friction to prevent
movement thereof after the pawl has ceased to act upon the ratchet-wheel.
We provide suitable means whereby either of the said pawls may be held out of
engagement with the corresponding ratchet-wheel, whilst the other pawl is
permitted to engage with its ratchet-wheel, and whereby the putting into gear of
one of the said pawls and the throwing out of gear of the other pawl may be
simultaneously effected. We are thus enabled to reverse the movement of the
carriage balong the rails a when a row of tufts has been inserted.
For this purpose, we find it advantageous to connect the said pawls with cords or
chains, which are attached respectively to two arms of a lever k fixed upon a
shaft k². This shaft extends from the front to the rear of the carriage b and is
supported in suitable bearings 4, 4, Figures 16 and 17, so that it can be moved
longitudinally to and fro for the purpose hereinafter explained. One end of the
said shaft extends through the front of the said carriage b and is provided with
a convenient knob or handle k³ for operating it. An enlarged portion k of the
said sliding shaft is made square (or of other suitable shape in transverse
section) and works in a correspondingly shaped hole in the front of the said
carriage. This portion of the said shaft is slightly twisted so that, when the shaft
is moved longitudinally in one or the other direction, it will be caused to turn
about its axis in the corresponding direction, and will, through the medium of the
said lever k and cords or chains k¹, raise either the pawl ³ or the pawl h* and
simultaneously lower the other pawl, thus reversing the travel of the carriage b.
The said lever k can be conveniently operated by hand from the front of the loom
through the medium of the said shaft 2, and knob or handle k³.
The feed-slide e is as described in the said former Specification divided into as
many compartments as there are colors in the carpet to be made, each compartment
having an aperture or passage e¹ Figure 8, through which the worsted is fed. A
pair of feed-rolls e³ Figures 7 and 8, is arranged in combination with each of the
said compartments. These feed-rolls are situated one above the other and are
held down by springs e³ bearing upon the axle of the upper roll so that they will
readily adapt themselves to any inequalities in the thickness of the worsted.
different colored worsteds are wound upon bobbins placed upon suitable rods
supported in a frame 1 secured upon the carriage b. Each worsted is conducted
from the bobbin upon which it is wound, and is passed through a separate curved
|hook or guide 1³ provided at the lower end of the said frame P. Two guide-rods *
are, moreover, provided between which the worsteds are passed before they enter
the feed-slide e.
The
It is obvious that we can, if desired, substitute for the bobbins l balls of
worsted which are arranged in a well known manner in boxes or cages carried
by the frame, so that the worsted may be drawn from the interior of the said
balls.
Each worsted is passed between the corresponding feed-rolls e¹ and is arranged
to be fed thereby through the feed-slide e. The upper feed-rolls are operated as

page_text: required by means of a feed-wheel or cam j³ which is fixed on the shaft j; this
shaft is provided upon its periphery with a piece of india-rubber, leather or other
suitable material, which, in each rotation of the said wheel, will engage with the
fluted or serrated periphery of one or other of the upper feed-rolls and will rotate
the said roll and the corresponding lower feed-roll. The length of this piece * of
leather or other material on the feed-wheel will determine the length of the
pieces of worsted fed through the slide e and cut or severed in each operation of
the feeding and cutting mechanism.
To obviate liability to breakage of the parts of the feed-mechanism by reason of
hard substances contained in or attached to the worsted, or by reason of the
worsted being of extra thickness in some parts we provide for permitting the feed-
shaft to move upward through a short distance when undue pressure is exerted
thereon by the worsted. For this purpose, we sometimes arrange the bearing for
the front end of the said shaft j so that the said shaft can move up and down at
this end, and we provide a rod acted upon by a spring as shewn in Figure 5
or by a suitable weight for holding the said shaft down under normal conditions
whilst permitting it to rise when necessary.
The
The feed-mechanism is so arranged that it will feed the worsted into the proper
position to be operated upon by the knotting-mechanism hereinafter described;
and a knife or cutter m, Figure 8, is arranged in combination with the feed-
mechanism for cutting the worsted as soon as the feed movement ceases.
said knife or cutter m is pivoted at m¹ to the frame c and is operated by means of a
cam m² fixed upon a shaft n, of the knotting-mechanism hereinafter described, and
by a spring m³ connected at one end to the said knife and at the other end to the
frame c; or it may be operated in any other suitable manner. The cutting edge
of the said knife is in contact with the adjacent surface of the slide e so that it will
sever a piece from the worsted projecting from the said slide.
The knotting-mechanism is constructed as follows, viz. :-An excentric n¹ is fixed
upon the shaft n and is coupled by means of an excentric rod n³ to an arm or
This arm or
segment n³ fitted to turn upon pins or studs n fixed in the frame c.
segment n³ is moreover, coupled by means of a connecting rod or link p to the
short arm of a lever p¹, which is pivoted at p to the frame c and the long arm of
which is forked to adapt it for pushing the ends of the pieces of worsted through
the ground-chain G so as to enclose two threads thereof. The shaft n is
geared by means of bevel-wheels n', n with the shaft j from which it receives its
motion.
7,9 Figures 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 are the nippers or tweezers for seizing the ends
of the pieces of worsted, after they have been pushed through the chain by the
lever p, and for drawing them up through the said chain. The two parts of these
nippers are pivoted at to the said arm or segment n³ so that they can be turned
about the pivot to open and close them, and they are curved to form an arc of a
circle. We prefer to so construct the said tweezers that the two parts or jaws
thereof cross each other, and so that, when open, they will not spread the chain
threads. We thus ensure the more efficient working of the apparatus. The said
jaws are provided with pins or studs q2 which, in the movement of the said arm or
segment in the direction indicated by the arrow in Figure 12, will strike against
a projection q³ upon a lever or plate q which is pivoted at g³ to a bracket q
secured to the frame c, and the two jaws of the nippers will thus be moved apart
or opened. The said nippers or tweezers may be provided with a spring or
springs q whereby they are kept closed except when opened by the projection g³.
The said pivoted lever or plate q is so arranged that, in the return movement of
the said arm or segment n³, it will be raised by the said pins or studs 9%, so that the
latter can pass under it, and the nippers or tweezers g, will under the action of the
said spring or springs, remain closed until the said segment is again moved in
the direction indicated by the arrow in Figure 12.
To obviate any liability to slipping of the worsted out of the said tweezers, we

page_text: prefer to provide fixed inclined pieces or cams q', Figures 12 and 13, which, while
the said tweezers are moving upward to tighten the knot, engage with the said
tweezers and cause them to grip the worsted very tightly.
For moving or adjusting the feed-slide e to bring one or other of the pairs of
feed-rolls into position to be operated by the feed-wheel 3 according to the color
of the worsted which it is desired shall be inserted into the fabric, we provide the
following mechanism, viz. :-We connect with the ends of the said slide e, suitable
chains or cords r, r, Figures 1 and 6, which are wound around and secured to a
spirally grooved drum or worm fixed upon a shaft ; this shaft is mounted in
suitable bearings in the box or frame c, and is provided with a handle or hand-
wheel, Figures 1, 2 and 6, for operating it. The chain is wound in one
direction around the said drum or worm and is secured at its extremity to the said
drum or worm. The chain is passed around guide-pulleys and is wound
around the said drum or worm in the reverse direction, its extremity being
secured to the said drum or worm. The hand-wheel is numbered or otherwise
marked upon its hub or upon its periphery, to indicate to the attendant the color
of worsted being woven, and thus facilitate the adjustment of the slide e for the
purpose of changing the colors. A spring is also provided having a suitable
projection or tooth to engage in one or other of a series of notches in the
hand-wheel for the purpose of retaining the said hand-wheel in any position to
which it may be adjusted.
In place of the conveyor described in the said former Specification for laying the
worsted, as it comes from the feed-slide e, upon the ground-chain G, we provide a
pair of nippers or tweezers s arranged to move in a guide-way & in the box or
frame c.
These nippers or tweezers are inclined outwards or away from each
other outside of the frame c, so that, when moved towards the feed-slide, they will
receive the worsted fed therefrom, and, being forced into the guide-way s', their
jaws will be brought together and thus caused to grip the said worsted, and, when
moved away from the said slide, they will lay the said worsted properly across
the ground-chain G in the path of the forked lever p¹ for thrusting the ends of the
piece or tuft of worsted down between the chain-threads, and will then release the
said tuft, the inclined parts of the nippers being withdrawn from the guide-way s³,
and the said nippers consequently being allowed to open.
The nippers or tweezers s are coupled to a bent lever pivoted at to the
frame C, and are operated, through the medium of the connecting-rod or link s* and
levers, by a box-cam s (Figures 6 and 8) fixed upon the shaft n.
I find it advantageous to provide the forked lever p¹ with a spring p³ (Figures 9
and 10) having pins or points p* which project through the space in the forked end
of the said lever, and which, when the piece or tuft of worsted is laid upon the
ground-chain, will engage with the said tuft and retain the same in place until its
ends are pushed down between the chain-threads and are seized by the nippers or
tweezers q for drawing them up again and thus formning the knot, we prefer to
make the said spring p with a clip p' to engage with the forked part of the said
lever, as shown in Figure 9, and thus prevent the spreading or opening of the
same.
For connecting the shaft d to the driving-pulley d¹ and disconnecting it there-
from, a friction clutch H is provided, which is arranged to be moved into and out
of gear with the driving-pulley d¹ by means of a lever H¹ pivoted at H' to the
frame c and connected with another lever H³, pivoted at H, to the said frame.
The attendant can readily start and stop the mechanism for feeding, cutting and
knotting the worsted, by simply raising and depressing the said lever H³ and
thereby turning the lever H' about its pivot H' in one or the other direction so as
to put the clutch H into or out of gear.
The operation of the apparatus above described is as follows, riz. :-Assuming
that the parts are in the positions shewn in Figures 1 to 6, the attendant first
adjusts the feed-slide e according to the color of worsted to be fed into the fabric;
he then puts the shaft d in connection with the driving-pulley d' through the

page_text: clutch H, so that motion is transmitted by the gear-wheels d¹³, ¹ to the feed-
shaft, and through this shaft and the bevel-wheels n, n³, to the shaft n. The
parts are so constructed and arranged that the various operations are effected in
the following order, z. :-The worsted is first fed through the slide e and laid
upon the ground-chain G; a piece of the required length is then cut or severed
from the worsted, and this piece is inserted and knotted in the fabric, as hereinafter
described.
In the rotation of the feed-wheel ³, the piece of india-rubber, leather or similar
material operates a pair of feed-rolls beneath it, thus feeding from the slide e a
piece of worsted of the required length. The tweezers s seize the said piece and
lay it across the ground-chain; and the knife or cutter m then descends and cuts
or severs the said piece from the worsted. The forked lever p' then descends and
pushes the ends of the piece of worsted down between the chain-threads so that it
encloses or embraces two of the said threads as indicated in Figures 9 and 10, the
said lever continuing its descent until it assumes the position shewn in Figure 10.
In the rotation of the shaft n and excentric ', the segment ³ is partially rotated
in the direction indicated by the arrow in Figure 12, and the lower ends of the
tweezers are thus caused to descend between the said two threads of the chain
and are then opened by the projection q³. As soon as the studs have passed the
projection q³, the tweezers are closed by their springs and thus caused to seize the
ends of the piece of worsted beneath the ground-chain. The segment n³ is then
moved in the reverse direction to that indicated by the arrow in Figure 12, and
the tweezers are
q thus caused to draw the ends of the piece of worsted up through
the ground-chain, as shewn in Figure 11, thereby forming the knot. In this
movement of the tweezers g, their pins or studs q2 come against the fixed inclined
pieces or cams q', whereby the said tweezers are caused to firmly grip the ends of
the piece of worsted while forming the knot.
Figure 9 shews, in plan, the piece of worsted resting upon the ground-chain and
the lever pl about to push the ends of the said piece through the said chain.
Figure 10 shews, in side elevation, the piece of worsted after its ends have been
pushed through the chain by the said lever, and the tweezers y are about to seize
the said ends. Figure 11 shews, in side elevation, the piece of worsted after its
ends have been seized by the tweezers q and drawn up thereby through the ground-
chain to form the knot.
When the above mentioned operations are performed, the lever i is actuated by
the cam-groove j and causes one or the other of the pawls h³, h, to engage with
the corresponding ratchet-wheel g¹ and partially rotate the nut g, thereby moving
the carriage band frame c in the required direction through a distance sufficient to
permit the insertion of another tuft of worsted, and the operations above mentioned
are repeated.
As soon as one row of tufts is inserted, the attendant disengages the shaft & from
the driving-pulley d', adjusts the pawls h³, h so as to reverse the movement of the
carriage 6 and frame c, and then puts the shaft d again in gear with its driving-
pulley d¹.
The rails a on which the carriage b travels are, as above mentioned, rigidly
connected at each end by a cross-bar a' and are attached to or suspended from the
free ends of two levers a pivoted at a³ to the frame of the loom. These levers a
are connected with springs t, or are provided with suitable weights, which springs
or weights should nearly counterbalance the weight of the said rails and the parts
carried thereby. The said levers a' are connected by links t¹ with levers t, which
are fixed on a shaft t³ supported in bearings in the frame A, and which are operated
to raise the rails a by suitable cams t fixed on the shaft u. By these means, the
said rails will be raised to permit the beating of the lathe after each row of tufts
has been inserted, and will then be allowed to descend under the action of gravity
until they rest upon the front portion of the frame A, the springs t, or the weights,
preventing the too rapid descent of the said rails. The rails a are arranged to
rest, when lowered, upon conical pins at, which are fixed in the frame A and which

page_text: fit into corresponding holes or recesses in the said rails, thus ensuring the lowering
of the said rails always into the same position relatively to the fabric.
To permit the weaving of portions of the fabric without the tufts of worsted
(for instance, at the ends of rugs or pieces of carpet) we provide for supporting
the rails a in the position indicated by dotted lines in Figure 4, by means of rods
or struts a pivoted at a to the frame A and formed with conical ends which fit
into corresponding holes or recesses in the said rails, the rails are thus supported
so that the lathe can be allowed to beat freely as often as may be required. The
rails a are, moreover, guided in their up and down movements by suitable guide-
rods a².
The loom is provided with suitable means for automatically stopping it after the
lathe has made the required number of beats. For this purpose we sometimes use
a tappet u Figures 4, 18 and 19, on the shaft u, which tappet acts, at the proper
time, upon a bent lever pivoted at ¹ to a bracket attached to the frame A.
This lever is connected by a rod with a bent lever fixed on a shaft supported
in bearings in the said frame. The said lever o operates through the medium of
an arm, also fixed on the said shaft, to disengage the starting-lever 8 from a
shoulder, with which the said lever is caused to engage when the loom is
started, and the said starting-lever, when thus released, is moved by a spring v or
a suitable weight so as to stop the loom. A spring 10 is connected with the lever v
so that it will retain the parts in their proper position. The lever is fixed on a
rock-shaft 3, which is connected with any well-known form of clutch for connecting
the driving-shaft of the loom with, or disconnecting it from the motor. To start
the loom, the starting-lever v8 is moved to the right until it engages with the
shoulder. The loom then operates until the lathe has made the predetermined
number of beats (preferably six), when the tappet u' strikes the lever v, which,
through the medium of the lever, shaft v and arm v, disengages the starting-
lever from the said shoulder and permits its return movement under the action
of the spring, thus stopping the loom.
It is desirable that the ground-chain should be supported in the vicinity of the
tuft-inserting mechanism during the operation of such mechanism. To provide for
such support without interfering with the action of the lathe we employ a supporting
bar to which is moved into and out of its operative position simultaneously with the
lowering and raising of the rails a. The said bar w is carried by arms w¹ secured
to the long arms of levers w² pivoted at w³ to brackets w attached to the frame A.
The short arms of the levers w² are connected by links w to the levers t².
We modify the construction of the harness-motion of the loom as follows, that is
to say-Instead of arranging treadle-levers above and below the harness and
employing operating cams outside of the main frame of the loom we dispense with
the treadle-levers above the harness and provide for the operation of treadle-levers
beneath the harness by means of suitable box-cams in such a manner that the said
levers will impart both the upward and the downward motion to the heddles or
healds we prefer, moreover, to arrange the said treadles and box-cams inside of the
main frame of the loom.
In the apparatus shewn in the drawings the treadle-levers y are pivoted at y¹ to
the frame A and are coupled to the heddles or healds y' by links or rods y³. Each
of the levers y is operated by means of a box-cam y fixed on the shaft u and so
formed as to impart the required movements to the said levers. In wide looms we
may, if desired, use two or more sets of treadle-levers and operating box-cams
arranged as above described.
z
A comb is provided for keeping the chain-threads at, equal distances apart and
thus facilitating the action of the forked lever p' and nippers 9.
This comb is fitted to slide in slots in the breast-plate E and is arranged to be
operated by the following mechanism, which draws it downward to permit the
beating of the lathe, and then releases it and effects its re-insertion into the fabric.
The said comb is attached to springs which tend to retain it in the fabric and is
connected by cords or chains with levers 2 pivoted at to the brackets w* and

page_text: operated by cams 2 which are fixed on the shaft u and against which the said
levers are held by means of springs 27. By these means the said comb is at the
proper times withdrawn from the fabric.
To prevent contraction of the carpet while the comb z is thus withdrawn we find
it advantageous to arrange in the breast-plate E of the loom, near each edge of the
carpet, wheels z¹ provided with pins or pointed teeth which enter the carpet and
keep the same stretched to its full width.
For holding down the chain-threads G behind the lathe and thus ensuring the
entrance of the teeth of the comb between the said threads we arrange a loose
bar B³ in slots in the back of the lathe B so that the said bar will rest upon the
chain-threads and hold them down by its weight. Or we make the bar B2 of less
weight and provide a spiral spring at each end thereof which springs bear upon its
upper surface and hold it down upon the chain-threads.
We provide an inclined or curved foot c² on the underside of the box or frame c
in such a position that during the insertion of the pieces of worsted and the tying
of the knots, it will hold the chain-threads down so as to prevent their displacement
from the comb.
We also provide on the underside of the said box or frame c inclined or curved
pieces which, during the movement of the said box or frame along the rails a will
push the knotted tufts into their proper position in the fabric. One of these pieces
will act during the movement of the box or frame in one direction and the other
during the movement of the said box or frame in the reverse direction, the knotting
mechanism being situated between them.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we wish it understood that
we do not confine ourselves to the precise details of construction above described,
as it is evident that they may, if desired, be somewhat modified without departing
from the nature of our said invention; and what we claim is :-
First. In a machine, such as we have hereinabove described, for the manufacture
of "Turkey" carpet, the combination, with the loom and the travelling carriage
supporting the mechanism for feeding the worsted to the fabric and inserting and
knotting it therein, of suitable mechanism provided with reversing-gear, for moving
the said carriage intermittently across the fabric first in one direction and then in
the reverse direction, for the purpose specified.
Second. The combination, with the rails and the carriage arranged to run
thereon and supporting the feeding and knotting mechanism, of a fixed screw-
threaded rod parallel to the said rails, a nut working on the said screw-threaded
rod and connected with the said carriage, and suitable means for imparting
intermittent rotary motion to the said nut, for the purpose above specified.
Third. The combination, with the carriage for supporting the feeding and
knotting mechanism, of the frame or holder for the bobbins or balls of worsted, and
the guides for the worsted, substantially as set forth.
Fourth. The combination, with the knotting nippers or tweezers (9), of fixed
inclined pieces or cams whereby, in the upward movement of the said nippers or
tweezers, they will be caused to tightly grip the ends of the piece of worsted,
substantially as, and for the purpose, above specified.
Fifth. The combination, with the feed-slide, of chains or cords connected
therewith, a drum or worm upon which the said chains or cords are wound in
opposite directions, and an operating handle or hand-wheel fixed upon the shaft of
the said drum or worm, substantially as, and for the purposes, set forth.
Sixth. The combination, with the feed-slide, of the nippers or tweezers (s) and
means for causing the same to seize the worsted as it is fed from the said feed-slide
and to lay the said worsted upon the ground-chain, substantially as set forth.
Seventh. The combination, with the forked lever for pushing the ends of the
pieces of worsted down through the ground-chain, of a spring provided with pointed
rods or pins to engage with and hold the pieces of worsted (with or without the

page_text: clip to engage with the forked end of the said lever), substantially as, and for the
purposes, set forth.
Eighth. The combination, with the loom and the rails arranged in front thereof,
of lifting mechanism for raising and lowering the said rails when necessary to
permit the beating of the lathe and the operation of the feeding and knotting
mechanism (with or without the counterbalance for the said rails and the parts
supported thereby), substantially as hereinbefore described.
Ninth. The combination, with the loom and the rails arranged to be raised and
lowered in front of the same, of the rods coupled to the frame of the loom for
supporting the said rails during the weaving of portions of the fabric without the
tufts of worsted, substantially as set forth.
Tenth. The combination, with the starting-lever, of the spring for operating the
same to stop the loom, a catch whereby the said lever is retained in position while
the loon. is working, and means whereby the said lever will be automatically dis-
engaged from the said catch after the lathe has made a predetermined number of
beats, substantially as, and for the purpose, above specified.
Eleventh. The combination, with the loom, the rails for the travelling carriage,
and means for raising and lowering the said rails, of a supporting bar for the
ground-chain, lifting devices for raising and lowering the said bar, and connecting
devices between the said lifting devices and the lifting mechanism for the rails,
whereby, when the rails are lowered, the said bar will be raised, and when the rails
are raised, the said bar will be lowered, substantially as, and for the purposes,
above specified.
Twelfth. The combination, with the breast-plate of the loom, of the comb
arranged to slide therein, and means for inserting the said comb into and with-
drawing it from the fabric, with or without the toothed wheels arranged in
openings in the said breast-plate and adapted to engage with the fabric to prevent
contraction thereof while the said comb is withdrawn therefrom, substantially as
set forth.
Thirteenth. The combination, with the lathe, of a bar arranged to slide up and
down therein and adapted to hold down the chain-threads to ensure the entrance of
the teeth of the comb into the spaces between the same, substantially as herein-
before described.
Fourteenth. The combination, with the box or frame containing the feeding and
knotting mechanism, of a presser-foot on the under-side of the said box or frame,
whereby the chain-threads are held down during the tying of the knots, sub-
stantially as set forth.
Fifteenth. The combination, with the box or frame containing the feeding and
knotting mechanism, of inclined or curved pieces on the underside of the said box
or frame, whereby the tufts when knotted are pushed into their proper position in
the fabric, substantially as set forth.
Sixteenth. The improved machine constructed substantially as described with
reference to the accompanying drawings and operating as, and for the purpose,
above specified.
Dated this 10th dow of
1001
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 & 12, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicants.