IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MATERIALS OR COMPOSITIONS FOR DECOLORISING OR PURIFYING SACCHARINE OR OTHER LIQUIDS, AND FOR MAKING PAINT, BLACKING, AND FOUNDRY BLACK- ENING. AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jean Marie Armand Montelar, Engineer, of Java,
but at present residing in Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
MATERIALS OR COMPOSITIONS FOR DECOLORISING OR PURIFYING SACCHARINE
OR OTHER LIQUIDS, AND FOR MAKING PAINT, BLACKING, AND FOUNDRY BLACK-
ENING. AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jean Marie Armand
Montclar at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 26th January 1866.
I, JEAN MARIE ARMAND MONTCLAR, Engineer, of Java, but at present
residing in Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby,
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
PACTURE OF MATERIALS OR COMPOSITIONS FOR DECOLORISING OR PURIFYING
SACCHARINE OR OTHER LIQUIDS, AND FOR MAKING PAINT, BLACKING, AND FOUNDRY
BLACKENING, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say :-
- L
This Invention relates to the manufacture of materials or compositions for.
decolorising or purifying saccharine or other liquids, and has generally for
its object the obtainment of improved, effective, and economical substitutes
for the ordinary animal or other charcoal, whilst the materials or compositions

page_text: or some of them are also suitable for making paint, blacking, or foundry
blackening.
An important part of the Invention consists in forming the materials or
compositions into grains of any convenient regular form before carbonising or
calcining them, instead of reducing them to a granular condition after the
carbonisation as hitherto practised. The grains are, by preference, made of
regular forms in order to be easily distinguishable from the irregular grains
of ordinary animal charcoal, whereby the detection of adulteration of one with
the other will be rendered easy. This improvement is applicable to charcoal
substitutes already known, as well as to the substitutes of improved com-
position comprised in the present Invention and herein-after specified. The
material or composition is granulated when in a plastic condition, and
apparatus of various kinds and forms may be used for the
purpose.
In one simple and convenient modification two hollow cylinders placed in a
vertical or inclined position are made to revolve in contact, whilst the plastic
material is pressed against a portion of their surfaces by a revolving spindle with
screw. blades working in a casing adapted to the cylinders. The cylinders are
perforated with holes of cylindrical or other convenient form, and the plastic
material is forced through these holes and formed by them, being cut off in
suitable, lengths as the cylinders revolve by the action of a stationary knife or
wire fixed in contact with the internal cylindrical surface. The length of
grain is adjusted by suitably proportioning the relative speeds of the cylinders
and of the feeding screw.. The grains as s they are formed fall through the bottom
open ends of the cylinders, and they are dried, by preference, in a revolving
cylinder, the motion of which prevents the grains from adhering together.
.
The improved charcoal substitutes are composed of carbonaceous elements,
earthy elements, and in some cases phosphates. Any carbonaceous ingredients
may be used, and in particular all kinds of soot, whether obtained from
mineral, vegetable, or animal matters. The soot is in general to be mixed
with vegetable, animal, or mineral charcoal, coke, gas carbon, lampblack,
coal; carbonised animal matters, or other carbonaceous matter, or it may be
mixed with two or more of such carbonaceous matters. Fire-clay or other
clay or aluminous compound is, by preference, employed as the earthy
ingredient; but instead of more or less of it, or in addition to it, there may be
employed phosphate of lime or of magnesia, or compounds containing these
phosphates. Earthy residues obtained when distilling boghead or other coals,
bituminous earths, or shales may also be employed along with or instead of
part of the fire-clay. The fire-clay should be as free as possible from iron,
lime, and magnesia. In some of the compositions eight to sixteen
per cent.

page_text: of uncarbonised bones are incorporated with, great advantage, supplying both
carbonaceous ingredients and phosphates. The bones are crushed and then
ground into fine flour, which is mixed and combined with the other ingre-
dients before carbonising the composition. Bone tar, coal tar, pitch from
coal tar, or petroleum may also be advantageously included in some of the
compositions, and also when conveniently obtainable dried blood, gelatine, or
the carbonised flesh and bones of animals. By way of example it may be
stated that, a very good composition is formed by combining sixty parts by
weight of bone-flour, with twenty-five parts of, bone tar, coal tar, pitch,
or soot, and with thirty to thirty-five parts of the best fire-clay; a second
composition contains twenty parts vegetable charcoal, forty parts animal
charcoal, fifty parts soot, and eighty parts clay; a third composition contains
forty parts vegetable charcoal, eighty parts animal charcoal, and seventy-five
parts clay; a fourth composition contains fifty parts soot, eighty, parts animal
charcoal, and eighty parts clay; and a fifth composition contains seventy-five
parts carbonised animal body and forty parts clay. It is, however, to be
understood that the proportions of the various ingredients may be altered as
practice may indicate.
In making a composition with any of the ingredients herein-before specified
it is preferred to proceed as follows:-Each ingredient in a dry state is first
separately ground to a fine flour by means of horizontal millstones. The
ingredients are then thoroughly mixed together and put under vertical stones,
with sufficient liquid to form a paste. After trituration by the vertical stones
the mass, having a little more liquid added if necessary, is passed through
horizontal, grinding stones ngain to perfect the trituration and intermixture.
The mass thus rendered as homogeneous as possible is next dried suffi-
ciently to enable it to retain the form imparted to it by the granulating.
apparatus, and after being granulated the composition is throughly dried, and
is then carbonised, which may be effected in the same manner and with the
same apparatus, as in the manufacture or reburning of ordinary animal char
coal. The liquid used for forming the ingredients into a paste may be water;
or urine, or water containing ammonia or gelatinous matters; the urine or
ammoniacal water or gelatinous water being used with advantage when
obtainable at a small cost.
- A very powerful decolorising material is obtained by applying the manu-
facturing processes herein-before indicated to bones alone, or to bones.
combined with some soot. The bones are reduced to flour, which is made
into a paste with water rendered milky with a little
fire-clay, and after,
granulation the material is carbonised in the ordinary way. In preparing thes

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
, by the said Jean Marie Armand Montelar in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 11th May 1866.
J
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JEAN
MARIE ARMAND MONTCLAR, Engineer, of Java, but at present residing at
Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, send greeting.
.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Jean Marie Armand Montelar, Her special licence that I, the said Jean
Marie Armand Montelar, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Jean Marie Armand Montclar, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MATERIALS OR COM-
POSITIONS FOR DECOLORISING OR PURIFYING SACCHARINE OR OTHER LIQUIDS, AND POR
MAKING PAINT, BLACKING, AND FOUNDRY BLACKENING, AND IN APPARATUS
THEREFOR," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Jean
Marie Armand Montclar, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly. describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jean Marie Armand Montelar, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement in writing, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to the manufacture of materials or compositions for
decolorising or purifying saccharine or other liquids, and has generally for object:
the obtainment of improved, effective, and economical substitutes for the ordinary.

page_text: animal or other charcoal, whilst the materials or compositions, or some of
them, are also suitable for making paint, blacking, or foundry blackening.
7
An important part of my Invention consists in forming the materials or
compositions into grains of any convenient regular form before carbonising or
calcining them, instead of reducing them to a granular condition after the
carbonisation as hitherto practised. The grains are, by preference, made of
regular forms, in order to be easily distinguishable from the irregular grains
of ordinary animal charcoal, whereby detection of adulteration of one with
the other will be rendered easy. This improvement is applicable to charcoal
substitutes already known, as well as to the substitutes of improved composi-
tion comprised in the present Invention, and herein-after specified. The
material or composition is granulated when in a plastic condition, and appa->
ratus of various kinds and forms may be used for the purpose.
A simple and convenient modification is represented on the accompanying
Sheet of explanatory Drawings; Fig. 1 being a side elevation, and Fig. 2 a
horizontal section. In this modification a hollow perforated cylinder 1, placed'
in a vertical position, is made to revolve, whilst the plastic material is pressed
against a portion, of its surface by a revolving spindle 2 with screw blades
working like a pug mill in a casing 3, which is made with a mouth 4 adapted:
to the cylinder 1. It was originally proposed to employ two perforated cylinders
revolving in contact and both receiving the plastic material from the casing 3,
but it is in practice found better to use only one perforated cylinder 1, as.
shown in the Drawing, whilst a cylinder 5 fitted with projecting pins is'
arranged to revolve close to the cylinder 1, its pins entering the perforations
in the cylinder 1, and forcing the material through them into the interior. The
screw spindle 2 is driven by means of a worm wheel at its lower end, in gear
with which is a worm 6 on a short horizontal shaft 7, fitted with fast and loose
pulleys 8, and this shaft 7, by a pair of bevil wheels 9, drives a vertical shaft 10,*
on the upper end of which is a pinion 11 gearing with a spur wheel 12 on
the spindle of the perforated cylinder 1. This cylinder 1 is supported entirely
by a spindle 13 projecting from its upper end and carried in two bearings in:
brackets formed on the casing 3. A stationary knife, the bottom of which is
seen at 14, is set inside the cylinder 1 to make sure of the grains being
detached from its internal surface after they are forced through by the pins:
on the cylinder 5. The grains pass down a shoot or duct 15 to a drying
cylinder 16, to which heat is applied externally whilst it is kept revolving,
this motion preventing the grains from adhering together. The size of grain:
nay be varied by altering the relative speeds of the parts, but in general each-
machine will be proportioned and constructed for a single size.

page_text: The improved charcoal substitutes are composed of carbonaceous elements,
earthy elements, and in some cases phosphates. Any carbonaceous ingredients
may be used, and in particular all kinds of soot, whether obtained from
mineral, vegetable, or animal matters. The soot is in general to be mixed with.
vegetable, animal, or mineral charcoal, coke, gas, carbon, lampblack, coal, car-
bonised animal matters, or other carbonaceous matter, or it may be mixed with
two or more of such carbonaceous matters. Firo-clay or other clay or alumi-
nous compound is by preference employed as the earthy ingredient, but
instead of more or less of it, or in addition to it, there may be employed phos
phate of lime or of magnesia, or compounds containing these phosphates.
Earthy residues obtained when distilling boghead or other coals, bituminous
earths, or shales may also be employed along with or instead of part of the
fire-clay. The fire-clay should be as free as possible from iron, lime, and
magnesia. In some of the compositions eight to sixteen per cent. of uncar-
bonised bones are incorporated with great advantage, supplying both carbona-
ceous ingredients and phosphates. The bones are crushed and then ground
into fine flour, which is mixed and combined with the other ingredients beforo
carbonising the composition. Bone tar, coal tar, pitch from coal tar, or
petroleum may also be advantageously included in some of the compositions,
and also when conveniently obtainable dried blood, gelatine, or the carbonised
flesh and bones of animals. By way of example it may be stated that a very
good composition is formed by combining sixty parts by weight of bone flour
with twenty-five parts of bone tar, coal tar, pitch, or soot, and with thirty to
thirty-five parts of the best fire-clay; a second composition contains twenty
parts vegetable charcoal, forty parts animal charcoal, fifty parts soot, and
eighty parts clay; a third composition contains forty parts vegetable charcoal,
eighty parts animal charcoal, and seventy-five parts clay; a fourth composi-
tion contains fifty parts soot, eighty parts animal charcoal, and eighty parts
clay; and a fifth composition contains seventy-five parts carbonised animal
body and forty parts clay. It is, however, to be understood that the propor-
tions of the various ingredients may be altered as practice may indicate.
In making a composition with any of the ingredients herein-before specified
it is preferred to proceed as follows:-Each ingredient in a dry state is first
separately ground to a fine flour by means of horizontal millstones; the
ingredients are then thoroughly mixed together and put under vertical stones
with sufficient liquid to form a paste. After trituration by the vertical stones
the mass, having a little more liquid added if necessary, is passed through
horizontal grinding stones again to perfect the trituration and intermixture.
The mass thus rendered as homogeneous as possible is next dried suffi-
www

page_text: ciently to enable it to retain the form imparted to it by the granulating
apparatus, and after being granulated the composition is thoroughly dried and
is then carbonised, which may be effected in the same manner and with the
same apparatus as in the manufacture or reburning of ordinary animal
charcoal. The liquid used for forming the ingredients into a paste may be
water or urine, or water containing ammonia or gelatinous matters; the
urine, or ammoniacal water, or gelatinous water being used with advantage
when obtainable at a small cost.
A very powerful decolorising material is obtained by applying the manufac-
turing processes herein-before indicated to bones alone, or to bones combined
with some soot. The bones are reduced to flour, which is made into a paste
with water rendered milky with a little fire-clay, and after granulation the
material is carbonised in the ordinary way.
In preparing the compositions for paint, blacking, or foundry blackening
the granulating process prior to carbonisation is unnecessary.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is or may be performed, I have to state that I do not restrict
myself to the precise details herein described; but that what I believe to be
novel and original, and claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
1. The manufacturing of materials or compositions for decolorising or
purifying saccharine or other liquids, and for making paint, blacking, or
foundry blackening, of the ingredients and substantially in the manner herein-
before described; and
2. The making of compositions for decolorising or purifying in grains of a
regular form for the purposes, in the manner, aud by the apparatus herein-
before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jean Marie Armand Montclar, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
Witness,
BRISTOW HUNT,
Solicitor and Patent Agent,
1, Serle St., Lincoln's Inn.
A. MONTCLAR. (L.S.)