Improvements in Machinery for Breaking, Screening, and Sorting Coal, Coke, and other Materials.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Oct., 1889-Accepted, 11th Jan. 1990
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Breaking, Screening, and Sorting
Coal, Coke, and other Materials.
THE MASCHINENBAU ANSTALT HUMBOLDT at Kalk near Cologne, Rhenish Prussia,
Germany Engineering Company and works and A. SCHMIDT general manager for
the same do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in an by the
5 following statement:--
This invention relates to that sort of breaking machines-stone breakers-in, which
an oscillating jaw, breaker or hammer armed with spikes strikes against the
material placed between the hammer and a fixed abutment and in which the material
once reduced to a certain size is not further exposed to the blows of the reducing
tool, but is allowed to escape and by means of suit bly arranged sieves and screens
is classified according to size.
"
The ordinary machines of this class, generally known as "Blakes stone breakers
have the great drawback that the material to be reduced in small pieces is in reality
crushed, or reduced by compression, in consequence of which a great quantity of dust
and finer material is obtained than is often desirable.
If the oscillating jaw is provided with spikes, which are driven into the material,
they split or rent the material and separate it in parts by destroying its tensile force,
whereas the crushing action destroys the resistance against pressure.
Our present invention has for its object to construct the machine so as to give to
every spike the same speed and the same energy of the blow; we attain this object
by the designs shown on the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section through a single acting machine
Fig. 2 is a plan of the same;
3
Fig. 3. is a vertical cross section partly through the box, partly outside of
the same;
Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section through a double acting machine
5 is a plan of the same;
"
6 is a cross section partly through the box, partly outside of same;
ג
"
machine
7 is a
longitudinal section of a modified construction of a double acting
Fig. 8 is a plan of this machine ;
22
9 is a cross section of the same.
"
10 is a general arrangement of a breaking plant showing a double acting and
a single acting uachine with screens complete.
Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views and
arrangements.
I. SINGLE ACTING MACHINE, FIGS. 1, 2 & 3.
In this machine I give the same speed and the same inertia to all the spikes in
driving them to and fro in parallel and straight direction; all the spikes being
fixed on a crosshead A which is driven to and fro by means of an excentric B keyed
on shaft D or by a crank or a similar mechanism instead of the excentric. The
crosshead is carried by guide bars E in the boxes C. The bars E are protected
iginst dust by the leather caps E¹. The material to be reduced, coming from a
hoot or hopper F, falls into the box G. The back of this box is formed by a strong
ast-iron plate H strengthened by ribs; the front side is perforated to allow the
passage of the spikes K and serving them as a guide.
With this arrangement of the machine the box may be made of any suitable
eight and several rows of spikes K, K¹ K² can be placed one above the other,
[Price Sd1

page_text: all acting equally and with the same energy and force upon the material in
the box.
The bottom of the box is formed by a grate N the bars of which are fixed to the
crosshead A and move to and fro with the summe; the free ends of the bars rest upon
and are carried by the rollers M.
The width of the spaces between the grate hars corresponds to the greatest size of
the material desired to receive.
In the upper row the spikes may be placed further appart than in the lower ones
as shown by fig. 3.
The lower rows are by preference interposed but of same pitch as the width of the
grate bars and the lowest one at such a distance above the grate, that the material
coming to lie below the spikes must be struck against by the spikes on their forward
throw.
With this machine the lowest possible minimum of dust and grit will be formed
because every pressing and squeezing action is avoided and only the splitting
action of the spikes works upon the goods to be reduced to small volume; the
pieces once reduced to sufficiently small size fall through between the spikes and
through the grate and are not exposed to the action of the spikes again.
II. DOUBLE ACTING MACHINE, FIG. 4, 5 & 6.
The machine, shown by figs. 4. 5 & 6 works and is built upon exactly the same
principle it is intended for large quantities.
the
Two crossheads a & a are arranged, the one before, the other behind the box
latter being of large capacity. The crossheads are worked in the same manner as
before by excentrics bb and b¹ keyed upon the shaft d.
Those entering the box in front, as compared with those entering at the other
side, are fixed so upon the shaft as to work in oppossite direction to the others; the
spikes k', 2, 3 . therefore advance into the box at the same time from opposite
sides and in opposite directions.
It is selfevident, that instead of the ordinary excentrics for effecting the to and fro
motion of the crossheads and spikes, such mechanisme might be used with advantage
that would cause an accelerated advance into the box g and withdrawing the spikes
from the same slowly.
The spikes of the upper row are a little shorter than those in the lower ones; this
has for its object to obtain a preliminary reduction of the large pieces in the upper
part of the box g and to allow comparatively small pieces coming into it to fall
directly down to the lower parts corresponding to their size. For the same reason
in the upper rows the spikes are set further appart from each other than in the lower
rows. By this means unnecessary work is avoided.
The crossheads are guided on guide bars e, which in this case project on both sides
of the machine and are carried by the boxes c in the middle and held fast thereon.
u are leather or indiarubber caps coering the bars to prevent dust to fall on
them.
The material is thrown into the box from the platform f, the back side as well as
the front side serving here as abutments and as guides for the spikes.
The bottom of the box is formed in the same manner as before by grate bars n,
being alternately fixed to the front and back crossheads a and a', and rollers m serve
as supports for the bars. The pitch of the grate bars corresponds, as before, to the
largest size of pieces of the reduced material.
Below the machine I arrange the screens o, p, by means of which the reduced
pieces are separated and classified according to size.
JII. MACHINE WITH CROSSHEADS CARRIED ON SWINGING STANDARDS, FIGS. 7, 8 & 9.
This machine, whether single acting or double acting, differs from the preceding one
only by the manner of carrying and guiding the crossheads; in other respects and in
its action it is exactly identical with the last machine.

page_text: The crossheads instead of being arranged and guided between guide bars are here
mounted and supported upon standards or rods P oscillating on pins Q.
The rods P, that is the radius of the circle in which the crossheads oscillate, being
comparatively long as compared with the stroke of the crossheads; the way of the
latter may practically be considered as rectilinear.
The crossheads R, R' receive their motion in the same manner as before from cranks
or excentrics S, S and S'S' placed at opposite angles to each other.
The spikes T are arranged exactly as before, the upper rows being shorter than the
lower ones.
The grate bars V instead of being fixed direct to the crosshead are attached to tho
bolts Was shown by fig. 7 and they are carried by the sides of the box U Sieves X
being mounted below the grate. This latter manner of mounting and guiding
the crossheads upon swinging standards is adaptable for single acting machines as
well as for double acting machines shown on the drawing. It works easier and
lighter than the arrangement with guide bars because there is less friction and it is
a little cheaper in first cost.
The figure 10 shows a completo arrangement of a plant for reducing large pieces
and separating and classifying then the duced produce.
A large double acting machine I, fig. 10 reduces the material,-coals for instance-
at first to a certain size; it is then separated and classified by the sieves II & III
and that which is not yet small enough is carried from the screen II on to the shoot
carrying it into the single acting machine IV, from which it comes together with the
small goods from the first machine into a rotary screen V with three or more different
numbers of meshes.
An elevator can transport the material into the railway trucks or elsewhere.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:
1.) In a single acting machine for breaking and reducing hard materials and
classifying the broken pieces according to size the combination of a box G, a cross-
ead A armed with spikes K', K2, K3 entering into the box and being moved to and
ro by excentrics B (or their equivalents), the guide bars E and the grate N, the whole
s set forth and specified."
1.
2.) In a double acting machine for breaking and reducing hard materials and
lassifying the broken pieces according to size the combination of a box g, the
rossheads a&a, both armed with spikes k, k³, 3 entering into the box from
pposite sides and being moved simultaneously to and fro in opposite directions by
xcentrics b, band b₁, the guide bars e, the grate n, rollers m and screens o, p all
bstantially as set forth."
3.) "In a single or double acting machine for breaking and reducing hard materials
nd classifying the broken pieces according to size, the combination of a box U, the
ossheads R, R' being supported and guided by standards P oscillating on pins Q,
e spikes T the cranks SS & S¹ S¹, the grate bars V and the screens X below the the
ates, all substantially as shown and for the purpose specified."
Dated this 12th day of October 1889.
KARL S. MAYER,
Agent for Applicants.