Improvements in or connected with the Joints of Earthenware or other Pipes.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Feb.,
1897 -
Complete Specification Left, 12th Nov., 1897-Accepted, 12th Apr., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with the Joints of Earthenware or
other Pipes.
I, JAMES FARLEY, of St. Andrew's Street, Hertford, in the County of Hertford,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in or connected with the joints of earthen-
ware or other pipes, and has for its object to obtain a simple, inexpensive, and
reliable means of making a perfect joint between adjacent sections or lengths of
pipes or tubes, or between lengths of pipes or tubes and unions, sockets, or the like.
For this purpose, in order to close a butt joint a loose abutment ring or collar
of iron or other suitable material is placed around the joint and this abutment ring
is upon the inner face thereof formed with an annular groove or recess with which
communicates an opening formed in the abutment ring.
Upon the inner face of the abutment ring is arranged a strip or ring of canvas
or other suitable material which is by its edges cemented to the inner face of the
abutment ring on each side of the annular groove or recess.
Portland cement or other suitable cementing or jointing material in a semi-fluid
or plastic state is forced through the opening in the abutment ring into the annular
groove or recess thus filling the same and distending and forcing the canvas strip
closely around the joint between the pipes thereby covering and closing such joint.
The cementing UI jointing material by this operation is to some extent forced
through the pores or interstices of the fabric constituting the strip or ring and
adheres to the adjacent surfaces of the lengths of pipe or tube, whilst it also adheres
to the surface of and solidifies within the annular groove thereby forming a solid
joint perfectly tight against internal or external pressure.
In lieu of cementing the edges of the canvas strip to the abutment ring such
edges may be fixed therewith by means of rings of wire sprung into place or forced
open by any suitable means such as screw threads upon the two parts of the meeting
ends of the wire ring and a nut to force the same apart, whilst, in some cases, the
inner face of the abutment ring adjacent to the annular groove or recess may be
formed with annular grooves to receive the wire ring fastenings.
When employing a loose abutment ring as herein before described it is, in some
cases, desirable to form it in two parts bolted together so that it may be readily
applied to tubes or pipes already fixed in position.
When the invention is to be applied to pipes or tubes in course of construction
the abutment ring is or may be formed upon one length of pipe so as to overlap the
other length thereby forming a kind of socketed end to the pipe a suitable opening
being left in such overlapping part as herein before described with respect to the
loose abutment ring.
In this case, the annular groove or recess is formed in the socket end of the pipe
and the strip of canvas or the like is affixed thereto as herein before described
whilst the spigot end of the pipe may if desired be provided with flanges thereby
forming a recess to receive the distended canvas strip.

page_text: Or, as a modification, the canvas strip may be fixed by its edges to the periphery
of the flanges of the spigot end of the pipe in which case the annular groove or recess
in the socket may be dispensed with or the canvas strip may be secured to the
spigot end of the pipe by wires whilst in order that the cement may be readily
filled thereinto, the canvas strip is provided with a canvas or other suitable tube
which passes out through the opening in the socket end of the pipe through which
the cementing material is filled into the annular groove or recess.
When employing wires to secure the canvas strip in position the groove or recess
in the annular abutment ring or those in the ends of the pipe may be dispensed
with.
By the means hereinbefore described, the necessity for the expensive systems here-
tofore employed for forming air or liquid tight joints is avoided and a perfectly
sound joint is obtained by a much less expenditure of time and money.
VAUGHAN & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with the Joints of Earthenware or
other Pipes.
1, JAMES FARLEY, of St. Andrew's Street, Hertford, in the County of Hertford,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
My said invention relates to improvements in or connected with the joints of
earthenware or other pipes, and has for its object to obtain a simple, inexpensive
and reliable means of making a perfect joint between adjacent sections or lengths
of pipes or tubes, or between lengths of pipes or tubes and unions, sockets or the
like.
For this purpose, in order to close a butt joint, a loose abutment ring or collar
of iron or other suitable material is placed around the joint and this abutment
ring is upon the inner face thereof formed with an annular groove or recess with
which communicates an opening formed in the abutment ring.
Upon the inner face of the abutment ring is arranged a strip or ring of canvas
or other suitable material which is by its edges cemented to the inner face of the
abutment ring on each side of the annular groove or recess.
Portland cement or other suitable cementing or jointing material in a semi-fluid
or plastic state is forced through the opening in the abutment ring into the annular
groove or recess, thus filling the same and distending and forcing the canvas strip
closely around the joint between the pipes thereby covering and closing such joint.
The cementing or jointing material by this operation is to some extent forced
through the pores or interstices of the fabric constituting the strip or ring and
adheres to the adjacent surfaces of the lengths of pipe or tube whilst it also adheres
to the surface of and solidifies within the annular groove thereby forming a solid
joint perfectly tight against internal or external pressure.
In lieu of cementing the edges of the canvas strip to the abutment ring such
edges may be fixed therewith by means of rings of wire sprung into place or forced
open by any suitable means such as screw threads upon the two parts of the meeting
ends of the wire ring and a nut to force the same apart, whilst in some cases the inner
face of the abutment ring adjacent to the annular groove or recess may be formed
with annular grooves to receive the wire ring fastenings.

page_text: When employing a loose abutment ring as herein before described, it is, in some
cases, desirable to form it in two parts bolted together so that it may be readily.
applied to tubes or pipes already fixed in position.
When the invention is to be applied to pipes or tubes in course of construction
the abutment ring is or may be formed upon one length of pipe
other length thereby forming a kind of socketed end to the pipe, a suitable opening
so as to overlap the
being left in such overlapping part as hereinbefore described with respect to the
loose abutment ring.
In this case, the annular groove or recess is formed in the socket end of the pipe
and the strip of canvas or the like is affixed thereto as herein before described, whilst
the spigot end of the pipe may if desired be provided with flanges thereby forming
a recess to receive the distended canvas strip.
Or, as a modification the canvas strip may be fixed by its edges to the periphery
of the flanges of the spigot end of the pipe, in which case the annular groove or
recess in the socket may be dispensed with, or the canvas strip may be secured to
the spigot end of the pipe by wires, whilst in order that the cement may be readily
filled thereinto, the canvas strip is provided with a canvas or other suitable tube
which passes out through the opening in the socket end of the pipe through which
the cementing material is filled into the annular groove or recess.
When employing wires to secure the canvas strip in position, the groove or recess
in the annular socket or abutment ring or that in the ends of the pipe may be
dispensed with and the canvas strip may be otherwise arranged.
And, in order that the said invention may be more clearly understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed, aided by the accompanying drawings, more fully
to describe the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1, is a longitudinal view partly in section representing two lengths of
pipe united by a butt joint constructed according to the present invention.
Figure 2, is a transverse section thereof taken on the line 1-1 of Figure 1.
Figure 3, is a longitudinal section of a portion of a butt joint representing a slight
modification.
Figure 4, is a transverse section thereof taken on the line 2-2 of Figure 3.
Figure 5, is a similar view to Figure 3, representing a further slight modification.
Figure 6, is a longitudinal section of a portion of a socket joint constructed
according to the present invention.
Figure 7, is a similar view representing a further slight modification.
Figure 8, is a similar view representing a further slight modification.
Figure 9, is a similar but more complete view representing a further slight
modification.
Figure 10, is a transverse section taken on the line 3-3 of Figure 9.
Figure 11, is a separate perspective view of the canvas strip or ring employed
in connection with the device illustrated in the last preceding figures, and,
Figures 12, 13, and 14, are similar views to Figure 6, representing further slight
modifications.
The several figures which are marked with similar letters of reference are drawn
to a variable scale.
Referring to Figures 1, and 2, a, represents two sections or lengths of pipe which
meet at their ends so as to form a butt joint and a¹ represents a loose abutment
ring of iron or it might be of other suitable material which is placed around the
joint and this abutment ring a¹, is upon the inner face thereof formed with an
annular groove or recess a², with which communicates an opening a³, formed in the
abutment ring a¹.
Upon the interior of the abutment ring a¹, is arranged a strip or ring of canvas
or other suitable material b, preferably loosely woven and this strip or ring of
fabric b, is by means of any suitable cement by its edges fastened to the inner
face of the abutment ring a¹, at the sides of the annular groove or recess a³, so as to
extend across the same.

page_text: Portland cement or other suitable cementing or jointing material c, in a semi-
fluid or plastic state is forced through the opening a³, in the abutment ring a', into
the annular groove or recess a³, thus filling the same and distending and forcing the
canvas strip b, closely around and slightly into the joint between the two lengths
of pipe a, thereby covering and effectually closing such joint.
The cementing or jointing material c, by this operation is to some extent forced
through the pores or interstices of the fabric constituting the strip or ring b, and
adheres to the adjacent surfaces of the lengths of pipe or tube a, whilst it also
adheres to the surface of the abutment ring al, within the annular groove a², and
ultimately solidifies thereby forming a solid joint perfectly tight against internal or
external pressure.
The chief office of the strip or ring 6, of fabric is to control the cementing
material c, forced into the opening a³, in the abutment ring 'a', by confining it
within certain limits.
In the example given at Figures 3 and 4, is shown a modified device for fixing
the canvas or like strip or ring b, with the abutment ring a¹, in lieu of cementing the
edges of the same thereto and which consists in the employment of split or they
might be other rings d, of wire sprung into the annular groove a², of the abutment
ring a, where they engage the free edges of the fabric strip or ring b, and bind
the same against the abutment ring or the spring rings d, may if desired be fixed
to the edges of the strip or ring b, by sewing or otherwise.
In this arrangement, the strip or ring b, of fabric must be of sufficient width to
fill or extend over the entire area of the annular groove a², in the abutment ring a¹.
Instead of employing spring rings d, for the purpose herein before described,
split rings, the meeting ends of which are provided with reverse screw threads
to receive a correspondingly threaded nut or stud, may be substituted therefor as
will be readily understood or the rings may be expanded by other means than those
herein before described.
In the example given at Figure 5, the strip or ring b, of fabric is fixed with the
abutment ring a¹, by means of wire rings d, in a similar manner to that described
with respect to the previous figures, but in this case the inner face of the abutment
ring a, adjacent to the annular groove or recess a³, is provided with annular
grooves a to receive the wire rings or fastenings d.
When employing a loose abutment ring a', as hereinbefore described it may in
some cases be desirable to form it in two parts bolted together so that it may be
readily applied to tubes or pipes already fixed in position.
In the example given at Figure 6, which represents the invention applied to a
specially constructed pipe or tube, the abutment ring a¹, is formed upon one length
of pipe a, so as to overlap the other length, thereby forming a kind of socketed
end to the pipe, whilst a suitable filling opening a³, is formed in the socket part a¹,
as herein before described with respect to the loose abutment ring a¹.
In this case, the annular groove or recess a², is formed in the socket end a¹, of
the pipe a, and the strip or ring of canvas b, or the like is affixed thereto by cement-
ing the edges thereof to the inner face of the socket a¹, on each side of the annular
groove or recess a², in a similar manner to that described with respect to Figures 1,
and 2.
In the example given at Figure 7, the device is similar to that lastly hereinbefore
described except that the spigot end of the pipe is provided with annular flanges a³,
thereby forming a recess between said flanges to receive the distended canvas strip
or ring b.
In the example given at Figure 8, the annular groove or recess in the socket
end a¹, of the pipe a, is dispensed with, but the spigot end of the pipe is formed
with flanges a, similar to those lastly herein before described, and the canvas or
other strip or ring b, is at its edges fixed to the flanges a, by means of wires d,
which are sprung into or otherwise held in annular grooves at, formed
the flanges a³,
order that
in
in
the
or
the edges of the strip
over
cement may be readily filled into
ring b,
the
whilst
annular

page_text: groove or recess a³, in the pipe a, the canvas strip b, is provided with a canvas or
other suitable neck or tube 6¹, which passes out through the opening a³, in the
socket end a¹, of the pipe, and the cementing material is forced into the annular
groove or recess a², through the pipe 6', which is afterwards folded down into
the opening a³, or removed as desired.
Or, the grooves at, and wires d, may be dispensed with and the canvas or other.
strip b, may be fastened to the flanges a5, by means of cement, as in the preceding
arrangements.
Or, instead of fastening the canvas or other strip b, to the flanges a5, such strip
may be fastened to the socket a¹, as will be readily understood.
Ŏr, when employing wires d, to secure the canvas strip in position, the grooves
or recesses a, in the socket a¹, or in the spigot end of the pipe a, may be dispensed
with, and the canvas strip may be held by the wire rings d, in the annular groove
or recess a³, in a similar manner to that shown and described with respect to
Figures 3 and 4.
Or, it may be similarly held in the annular groove or recess between the flanges a³,
and as these modified arrangements will be readily understood I have not thought
it necessary to illustrate the same.
In the example given at Figures 9, and 10, the annular groove a², in the
socket a¹, is dispensed with and instead of centralising the spigot end of the pipe a,
with the socket by means of annular flanges a, in this case a flange, projection or
distance piece a, extending partly around the spigot end of the pipe a, on the
underside thereof is employed.
In this case also, the strip is provided with a filling tube b', similar to that here-
inbefore shown and described with respect to Figure 8, and the edges of the canvas
strip or ring b, are fixed with the spigot end of the pipe a, by means of strings or
they might be binding wires d, which are fastened to the edges of the canvas strip
or ring b, by passing loosely through hems on the strip or they might be other-
wise arranged so as to lie in annular grooves at, formed around the spigot end of
the pipe a.
In the example given at Figure 12, the device is similar to that lastly herein-
before described, except that the flange or distance piece as, is formed upon the
interior of the socket end of the pipe and the annular grooves at, are also formed
therein, whilst in lieu of the strings or binding wires d, spring or other wire rings d,
are substituted therefor.
It will be obvious, that in lieu of a single flange or distance piece a³, several
studs or distance pieces arranged around either the socket or spigot end of the pipe
may be substituted for the flange hereinbefore described.
In the example given at Figure 13, the distance pieces are annular and they are
formed partly on the socket end of the pipe and partly on the spigot end thereof
so that they meet when the two parts are put together, and one or both of them is
or are curved or bevelled in such manner as to facilitate the putting together of the
parts.
In this case, the canvas strip or ring is at one edge fixed to the spigot part of the
pipe by means of a wire or string d, engaging a corresponding groove a', in the
pipe a, beyond the spigot end, whilst the other edge of the canvas strip or ring b,
is similarly fixed to the socket end of the pipe and the filling tube 6¹, to the canvas
ring or strip b, is dispensed with and the cementing material is filled in through a
filling opening a³, in the socket a¹, whilst, in cases where complete rings a³, are
not employed, in order to prevent the filling material escaping between the pipes
to the interior thereof a suitable packing or caulking of tow or the like is employed.
In the example given at Figure 14, the spigot end of the pipe is assumed to
be held centrally by suitable distance pieces (not shown) and the filling opening a³,
is dispensed with whilst the canvas strip or ring b, which is provided with a filling
tube b¹, is at its edges fixed by means of wires, strings, or the like d, in annular
grooves a, formed in the spigot end of the pipe, whilst the filling tube projects at
the opening between the two pipes in convenient position for filling.

page_text: ⚫It will be obvious that the loose abutment ring a¹, hereinbefore shown and
described, with respect to Figures 1, to 5, may if desired be formed without the
annular groove or recess a², therein, in which case it will be. provided with studs
or distance pieces a³, to centralise, it, with relation, to the two ends of the pipe a.....
By the means herein before described, the, necessity for the expensive systems
heretofore employed for forming air and liquid tight joints is avoided, and a
perfectly sound joint is obtained with a much less expenditure of time and money.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of "my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed;' I 'declare that what
claim is:-
I
-
1.is
N
12.
1. In a pipe joint, the combination of a strip or ring of canvas or the like and a
filling of cementing material, substantially as herein shown and described and, for
the purpose stated:
:
:
2. In a pipe joint, the combination of a strip or ring of canvas or the like, means
for fixing the same in position and. a filling of cementing: material, substantially
as. herein shown and described and for the purpose stated.
3. In a pipe joint, the combination of a pipe or pipes, an abutment ring or socket
surrounding the parts to be joined, a strip or ring of canvas or the like, means for
fixing the canvas strip by its edges in position and means for filling cement or the
like into the joint upon one side of the canvas strip, substantially as herein shown
and described and for the purpose stated.
4. In a pipe joint, a strip or ring of canvas or the like provided with a filling tube,
substantially as herein shown and described and for the purpose stated.
5. In a pipe joint, the combination of a pipe or pipes, an abutment ring or socket
surrounding the parts to be joined, a flange or flanges or studs forming distance
pieces to centralise the tubes or tube with relation to the abutment ring or socket,
a strip or ring of canvas or the like, means for fixing the canvas strip by its edges
in position and means for filling cement or the like into the joint upon one side
of the canvas strip, substantially as herein shown and described and for the pur-
pose stated...
6. In a pipe joint, the combination of a strip or ring of canvas or the like, and
springs or spring or other wires, or the like for fixing the strip by its edges to the
abutment ring, to the socket, to the pipe or pipes or to the pipe and abutment ring
or socket, substantially as herein shown and described and for the purpose stated.
7. In a pipe joint, the combination of a pipe or pipes, an abutment ring or socket
surrounding the parts to be joined, a strip or ring of canvas or the like, annular
grooves in the abutment ring, in the socket, in the pipe or pipes or in the pipe or
pipes and abutment ring or socket, rings of spring or other wire or strings for
fastening the strip by its edges in said grooves and means for filling cement or the
like into the joint upon one side of the canvas strip, substantially as herein shown
and described and for the purpose stated.
Dated this 19th dow of November 1807
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