IMPROVE. MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF BOOTS AND SHOES OR COVERINGS FOR THE FEET, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS AND IN THE MATERIALS EMPLOYED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Julian Bernard, of Club Chambers, Regent Street,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of IMPROVE.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF BOOTS AND SHOES OR
COVERINGS FOR THE FEET, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS AND IN
THE MATERIALS EMPLOYED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE."
Sealed the 1st April 1856, and dated the 2nd October 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Julian Bernard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
October 1855.
J, JULIAN BERNARD, of Club Chambers, Regent Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF BOOTS AND SHOES OR
COVERINGS FOR THE FEET, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS AND IN THE
MATERIALS EMPLOYED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE." to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, first, of an improved mode of fastening and preparing
fastenings which I employ for uniting the soles and heels of boots and shoes
to the uppers. 1 propose making the fastenings of one continuous length,
that is, using or employing such a length of material as may be subdivided,
or cut into several fastenings, or as many as may be required to unite a boot or
shoe sole or heel to the other parts; and I employ for such continuous fasten-
ings any suitable materials, such as a continuous length of leather, string, or
other suitable material, but which I cut in distinct and separate fastenings
previous to their being inserted; and when I employ leather, I produce a con-

page_text: tinuous length and of the necessary dimensions, by placing a piece of leather of
the required substance upon a centre, which centre is fixed in or connected to
a mitre or bevil wheel, and which wheel takes into another wheel connected
to a screw of the necessary pitch by means of a nut. This nut, and to which
the stud or centre referred to is connected, as described, is placed at one end
of the screw, the leather being placed or fixed upon the stud; at or near the
other end of the screw is fixed a knife or suitable cutting instrument. When
a continuous length of material is to be cut, a hold is taken of a portion of
it, and pulled against the edge of the cutting instrument & which cuts it,
& which will also have the effect of revolving the leather and the nut on
the screw, thereby travelling the material gradually to the cutting instrument,
and it may further be inserted and drawn through a mandril or circular cutting
instrument, for the purpose of making or forming it round, or into any other
form or shape, as desired. The material is then saturated or impregnated with
a solution of india-rubber or gutta percha, or any other suitable material,
which may be done previous to its being put into the inserting machine; or it
may be made to pass through or in contact with a suitable waterproofing or
adhesive material during the process of insertion.
This continuous length is wound upon a reel, which is placed upon a stud in
a convenient part of a machine, which I employ for cutting of the fastenings
into suitable lengths, pressing and inserting them into the boot or shoe, and
for making the holes in the boot or shoe in which such fastenings are inserted,
and which machine forms the second head of my Invention.
This machine or parts of machinery, which may be employed by means of
suitable gearing, in connecting with any suitable mechanical arrangements, for
presentingand holding the boot or shoe in proper and suitable position to the
piercing and inserting instrumeuis, for the purpose of putting the sole &
heel upon the boot and shoe, consist of a cast-iron framing, in which is placed
a main shaft, on which is secured suitable cams for imparting the necessary
motions to certain parts of and instruments in the machine; the shaft also
carries gearing for connecting it with suitable mechanical arrangements for
holding the beot or shoe, and imparting to it the differential motions. In a
line with the main shaft there is a short shaft or moveable bearing or bush
in suitable bearings, and which forms the bearings and holder of two instru-
mments,a piercerandinserter or hammer, and which instruments are alternately
brought over and above the precise point at which the hole is made in the boot
or shoe, and the fastening inserted, and which is effected by imparting to the
short shafta moveable bearing, which carries the instruments a partial circular
or reciprocating motion in its bearing, the moveable bearing being connected

page_text: by means of a link to a lever, which is acted upon by a cam; the reel carrying
the fastening being suitably placed, the end of the material is passed over small
rollers, and inserted into and between a pair of dies for compressing it, and in
which dies it is held until cut by means of an instrument placed close and flat
upon said dies, such instrument being actuated by means of a lever placed
upon a centre and actuated by a suitable cam. The knife being withdrawn, the
fastening so cut off is forced into one of a series of holes in the periphery of
a wheel, which wheel is placed upon a stud fixed into a bracket which carries
the wheel, knife, dies, and feeding arrangements, herein-after referred to. The
wheel is moved round by an intermittent motion by means of a click placed
on the end of a lever by a suitable cam placed on the main shaft, as referred
to, the dies being made to part by means of a spring; the end of the material
is again inserted, which is performed by means of a suitable cam, which actu-
ates a lever placed upon a centre pin. The end of this lever acts upon and is
connected to a spring presser, which presses upon the material and forces it
against a small grooved wheel or roller placed upon a centre or axis, on the
end of which axis or pin the spring or spring holder is fixed, and consequently
moves with it. A partial circular motion being given to this roller causes the
material to descend into the dies, when sliding pieces or pressers are caused by
means of a cam to press said dies together. The material at this stage of the
process is slightly flatened, when a second sliding piece or presser is caused to
force a tongue or centre piece, and which forms partof the dies, forward, which
completes the pressing process; the spring is now forced from the material
and the edge of the small roller referred to, and the roller returned to its pre-
vious position. The spring is now again allowed to press the leather against
the edge of the roller, and the motion is again repeated in due time.
The wheel referred to for holding the fastenings and conveying them until
they come under the instruments and above the hole made in the boot or shoe,
is placed upon a flat part of the bracket already referred to. At the insertion
of each fastening the wheel is made to pause, so that the hole may be pierced
and the fastening inserted, and which is done through a small tube or nozzle
screwed into the bracket, and which forms the communication to the boot sole
or heel.
The third part of my Invention relates and consists of a novel and improved
arrangement for imparting to the boot or shoe the differential motions, and
presenting and holding it at the required angles and position during the
process of making the holes and inserting the fastenings, and consists of a
suitable framing for containing and carrying the necessary parts connected
therewith,andalso the machine herein-before described for pressing and insert-

page_text: ing, whether considered in connection with such other machine, separately, or
in connection or additional parts, as will be found necessary to the fastening
of the boot or shoe soles or heels to the other parts.
In the framing of this machine I place the boot or shoe in a suitable
holder, which has a fixed place in a frame, which frame is again fixed upon
centres within another frame, and which last-named frame is placed upon
bearings or centres in a sliding frame, and which sliding frame has a lateral
motion imparted to it by means of a suitable cam, such cam being moved by
means of a rack and click, actuated by a wiper or other convenient arrange-
ment placed upon a vertical shaft in the machine, and which also actuates the
cams for imparting the necessary motions to the boot or shoe by means of a
cam actuated by a rack as referred to for moving the boot or shoe laterally;
the motion, however, imparted or conveyed through a lever. The cams for
imparting this motion are not round but are flat, one of their edges represent-
ing the desired design.
The cams for imparting the angle motions to the boot or shoc are round,
and have a circular motion, and are placed and fixed upon a shaft placed
horizontally in a machine, and take into their grooves the ends of suitable
levers which are placed upon centres, the other ends of such levers being
connected by means of universal or ball and socket joints to the frames and
rods, herein-before mentioned, and by and through which I impart variable
motion to the boot or shoe. The lifting motion or the differing distance which
the surface of a boot or shoc sole would represent, if placed sole downwards
upon a flat surface, is obtained by imparting a differential vertical motion to
the pressing and inserting machinery. It is evident that this arrangement by
slight modifications can be adapted to inserting pegs, nails, or other similar
fastenings in boots and shoes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Julian Bernard in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
2nd April 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JULIAN
BERNARD, of Club Chambers, Regent Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her

page_text: reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Julian Bernard, Her special license that I, the said Julian Bernard,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Julian
Bernard, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF BOOTS AND SHOES OR COVERINGS FOR THE FEET, AND
IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS AND IN THE MATERIALS EMPLOYED IN SUCH MANU-
FACTURE," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Julian Bernard,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Julian Bernard, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon:-
My said Invention consists, first, of an improved mode of producing and
preparing the fastenings which I employ for uniting the soles and heels of boots
and shoes to the uppers, and also of an improved fastening for the same.
propose making the fastenings from one continuous length, that is, employing
such a length of material as may be subdivided or cut into several shorter
lengths or fastenings, or as many as may be required to unite a boot or shoe
sole or heel to the other parts; and I employ for such fastenings a continuous
length of leather or fibrous and flexible material, such continuous length
being cut into distinct and separate shorter lengthsor fastenings immediately
before being inserted. When fibrous material is used, such as flax, hemp,
grass, or cocoa fibre, or other similar material, I do not confine myself to
cutting it immediately before insertion, as the pegs may be formed by a separate
machine, and used when required; but I prefer to cut off the requisite lengths
from one continuous length immediately before insertion into the sole. I
sometimes saturate these fastenings with a solution of india-rubber or gutta
percha, or bituminous or resinous compounds, and compress them before
insertion into thesole. When I employ leather, Iproduce a continuous length
or strip of the necessary dimensions by placing a piece of leather of the required

page_text: strength or substance upon a centre, which centre is fixed on or connected to
the axis of a mitre or bevel wheel, gearing into another wheel fast on a screw
spindle of the necessary pitch by means of a nut. At or near the other end of
the screw and on a suitable table is fixed a knife or other convenient cutting
instrument. When a continuous length of material is to be cut, a hold is
taken of a portion of it, and is pulled against the edge of the fixed cutting
instrument, which cuts it whilst the material revolves. This gives motion to
the mitre wheels and screw spindle, causing the latter to traverse along or
through a fixed nut, and move the leather or other material gradually to the
cutting instrument; the strips being thus cut continuously from the disc of
leather in a spiral or volute form. The strip, which will be of a square section,
may now be inserted and drawn through a circular cutting instrument or fixed
punch, for the purpose of making or forming it round, or into any other form
or shape, as desired. It may then be saturated or impregnated with a solution
of india-rubber or gutta percha, or other suitable material, as herein-before
referred to, which may be effected previous to its being put into the inserting
machine, or it may be made to pass through or in contact with any suitable
waterproofing or adhesive material during the process of insertion.
This continuous length is wound upon areel, which is placed upon a studin
any convenient part of a machine which I employ for cutting off the fastenings
into suitable lengths, pressing and inserting them into the boot or shoe, and
for making the holes in the boot or shoe in which such fastenings are inserted,
and which machine forms the second head of my Invention.
This machine may be used, by means of suitable gearing in combination with
any suitable mechanical arrangement, for presenting and holding the boot or
shoe in proper and suitable positions to the piercing and inserting instruments,
for the purpose of putting the sole and heel upon the boot or shoe. It consists
of a cast-iron framing, in which is placed a main shaft carrying the requisite
cams for imparting the necessary motions to certain parts of and instruments
in the machine. This cam shaft also carries gearing for connecting it with
suitable mechanical arrangements employed for holding the boot or shoe, and
imparting to it the various differential motions required. Parallel with the
main shaft there is a short shaft, or moveable bearing, or bush, partially
rotating or rocking in suitable bearings, and forming the bearings and holder
of two instruments, namely, a piercer and inserter or hammer, which instru-
ments are placed eccentrically in this bearing, and are alternately brought over
and above the precise point at which the hole is made in the boot or shoe,
and the fastening inserted. This is effected by imparting to the short shaft or
moveable bearing which carries the instruments a partial circular or recipro-

page_text: cating motion, the moveable bearing being connected by means of a link to a
lever, which is acted upon by a cam on the cam shaft. The reel carrying the
continuous length of fastening being suitably placed in the machine, the end
of the material is passed over a small feed roller, and inserted into and between
a pair of dies for compressing it, and in which dies it is held until cut by means
of a cutting instrument placed close and flat upon such dies, this instrument
being actuated by means of a lever actuated by a suitable cam on the cam
shaft. The knife or entter having been withdrawn, the fastening so cut off is
forced into one of a series of vertical holes made near the periphery of a hori-
zontal revolving carrier by avertical rod or driver. This carrier is placed upon
a stud fixed into a bracket, which carries the wheel, knife, compressing dies,
and feeding arrangements, herein-after more fully referred to. This carrier
has an intermittent rotatory motion imparted to it by means of a click placed
on the end of a lever, which is worked by a suitable cam on the cam shaft.
The compressing dies having been made to part or openly means of a spring
or springs, the end of the material is again inserted, which is performed by
means of a suitable cam which actuates a lever, the end of which lever acts
upon and is connected to a spring presser, which presses upon thematerial and
forces it against a small grooved fed wheel or roller placed upon a centre or
axis, on the end of which axis or pin the spring or spring presser is fixed, and
consequently moves with it. A partial circular motion being given to this
roller, the material is caused to descend into the dies, when a sliding piece or
presser is caused by means of a cam to press the said dies together. The
material at this stage of the process is slightly flattened, but a second slide or
presser is caused to force forward a tongue or centre piece which forms partof
the dies, and which completes the compressing process. The feeding spring
is now forced from contact with the material and the edge of the small roller
referred to, and the roller may be returned to its previous position; the spring
is then again allowed to press the leather against the edge of the roller, and
the motion is repeated in due time.
The carrier referred to for holding the fastenings and conveying them until
they come under the piercing and inserting instruments, and over the hole
made in the boot or shoe, is placed upon a flat part of the bracket already
referred to; and at the insertion of each fastening this carrier is made to pause,
so that the hole may be pierced and the fastening inserted, which is done
through a small tube or nozzle screwed into the bracket, and forming the
communication to the boot or shoe sole or heel.
The third part of my Invention relates to the application and use of an
arrangement of machinery for imparting the several differential motions to the

page_text: boot or shoe, and presenting and holding it at the required angles and position
during the process of making the holes and inserting the fastenings. This
arrangement consists of a suitable framing for containing and carrying the
necessary parts connected therewith, and for carrying also the machine herein-
before described for pressing and inserting the fastenings.
In the framing of the machine I place the boot or shoe in a suitable holder,
which is fixed in a rocking frame carried upon centres within another rocking
frame, and which last-named frame works or rocks freely upon bearings or
centres in a sliding frame, such sliding frame having a lateral motion imparted
to it by means of a suitable cam moved by means of a rack and click, actuated
by a wiper or other convenient arrangement, placed upon a vertical shaft in the
machine, which shaft also actuates the cams for imparting the necessary
angular motions to the boot or shoe. The longitudinal travelling motion is
imparted to the boot or shoe by means of a cam actuated by a rack, as referred
to, for imparting the lateral motin to the boot or shoe. This longitudinal
motion, however, is imparted or conveyed to the boot or shoe through a lever
The cams for imparting the angular motions to the boot or shoe have a circular
motion imparted to them, and are placed and fixed upon a shaft working hori-
zontally in the machine. The grooves of these cams act upon the ends of
suitable levers working on fixed centres, the other ends of these levers being
connected by means of universal or ball and socket joints to the frames and
rods herein-before mentioned, and by and throngh which I impart a variable
or angular motion to the boot or shoe. The difference in the surface or level
of the boot or shoe sole is allowed for by imparting a differential vertical
motion to the framing which carries the pressing and inserting machinery, and
this is effected by means of a suitable cam and lever.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall
refer to the several Figures on the Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed.
Figure 1, on Sheet 1 of the Drawings, represents a plan of a machine for
making or cutting the continuous lengths of leather fastening; and Figure 2
is a side elevation of the same. A is a flat bed plate or supporting table in
which works the slide B; one end of this slide carries the vertical stud or
spindle C, having a small bevel or mitre wheel D keyed on to its lower end.
A disc of leather E of the required substance or strength is fitted centrally
upon the upper portion of the stud, which is screwed to receive the winch
handle F. This handle serves as a nut to tighten the leather disc on to the
stud, and also serves to reverse the apparatus. The bevel wheel D on the
stud gears into a corresponding wheel G fast on the end of the screw spindle H,

page_text: which works in the bearing I attached to the slide B, whilst its other end
passes through and works in the fixed nut or bracket J, bolted to the under
side of the bed plate. K is a guide, secured to the upper surface of the bed
plate, between which guide and the bed plate passes or is rotated the periphery
of the leather disc from which the continuous strip is to be severed. A knife
L is passed through and fixed by means of a nut into the boss M, the cutting
edge of the knife projecting up through the bed plate. In cutting a strip by
this machine, the edge of the disc is brought against the knife, and is moved
round slightly until the strip is long enough to lay hold of by hand; the leather
disc is then rotated, and with it the bevel wheel D, by drawing the end of the
strip, and as fast as the strip is cut the leather is traversed up to the knife by
the action of the screw spindle, which is rotated by the act of turning the disc;
as this motion is constant and regular, the strip will always be of an even and
regular breadth or thickness, and will be cut from the periphery of the leather
disc in the form of a spiral or volute. The object of the guide Kis to keep
the leather flat during the cutting process. The strip thus cut will be of a
square section, but in order to round it or take off the corners or angles, it is
passed through the instrument shewn in side and front elevation at Figure 3.
This instrument is fixed to a table or work bench, and consists of a guide A,
having a square hole in it to correspond to the section of the leather thong or
strip. Immediately in front of this aperture is fitted the tubular cutter B,
which is of a circular section, and consequently rounds off the leather strip
which is drawn through it. The strip may now be saturated with a solution of
india-rubber or gutta percha, or other suitable material, as herein-before
referred to, before being placed in the pegging machine, herein-after described,
or it may be made to pass through or in contact with such materials at the
moment of its insertion in the shoe.
Fig. 4, on Sheet 2 of the Drawings, represents a side elevation of my
pegging machine, with an arrangement of describing mechanism connected
therewith for actuating the boot or shoe; Figure 5 on Sheet 3 is a partial end
elevation of the same machine; Fig. 6 on Sheet 1 is a partial end elevation
of the opposite side of the machine to that shewn in Figure 5; Figure 7 on
Sheet 4 represents a horizontal section of the machine, taken through the line
1, 2, in Figure 4; and Figure 8 on Sheet 5 is a similar section taken along
the line 3, 4, in Figure 4. The various details of this machine will be herein-
after fully described and referred to.
A, A, are the main pillars or supports of the machine, which are bolted firmly
on to the upper and lower bed plates B, C; D is the first motion or main
driving shaft, which works in bearings at E, E, and carries at one end a loose

page_text: driving pulley F, the boss of which may be thrown into or out of gear with
the sliding clutch G, working on a feather on the driving shaft (see detail,
Figure 4, Sheet 2,) by means of the lever handle H, which works on a centre
at I (Figure 4), and is connected at its upper end to a pin H' in the slide G¹,
which works in the bracket F¹, projecting into the groove of the clutch, so that
when the slide G¹ is moved it throws the clutch in or out of gear.
A spur
wheel J is keyed on to the main shaft, and gears into a second wheel K, fast
on to the end of the short counter or second motion shaft L, which works in
the bearings M, M, in the upper part of the fixed bracket N, bolted at O to the
bed plate B. A bevel or mitre wheel P fast on the end of the shaft L gears
into a corresponding wheel Q, which works in the bracket bearing R, and is
fitted looselyon to the end of the vertical cam shaft S by means of a feather, so
that the cam shaft may be rotated thereby, and still be at liberty to rise and
fall through the boss of the bevel wheel P without interfering with the action
of the bevel. This vertical cam shaft carries the whole of the cams requisite for
actuating the various apparatus or instruments employed in preparing the
fastenings and inserting the same, into the boot or shoe sole. It works at
its lower end in the footstep bearing T in the moveable frame U, whilst its
upper end works in the collar bearing V in the top end of the frames, as is
clearly shewn at Figure 5. The front portion of the moveable frame U is
made to overhang considerably, and carries the several instruments employed
in preparing the fastenings, drilling the holes, and inserting the pegs; when
prepared, the whole of such mechanism rising and falling with the frame. The
object of this vertical movement is to allow for the varying height or level of
the curved surface of the boot and shoe sole; but I may have observed that I
lay no claim to the imparting of a vertical movement to the frame carrying the
pegging mechanism, but only to the means of effecting such movement, which
I shall herein-after fully describe. W is a reel or bobbin, fitted on to any
convenient portion of the moveable frame U, and containing the continuous
length or strip of leather or other suitable material b, herein-before referred to.
One end of this strip is passed round the guide pullies X, X, which guide it
over the periphery of the grooved feeding wheel Y, shewn in detail, side eleva-
tion, and plan at Figures 9 and 10 on Sheet 1 of my Drawings. The groove
of this wheel is slightly roughed inside, so as to enable the strip to be held
more firmly against it at the required time. This small feeding wheel works
on a centre pin in the small bracket Z, which is screwed down on to the cap
or cover a of the compressing dies, which a short length of the strap equal
to the length of peg or fastening required previous to such length being cut
off. The fastening material b is pressed against the grooved periphery of the

page_text: feed wheel Y by means of the bent spring C, one end of which is secured to
the end of the lever d, which works on the axis of the feed wheel as a fixed
centre, whilst the other end of the spring is bent round, and fits on to the
other end of the axis, a slot being made in the spring at this part to enable
it to be pushed out of contact with the material on the feed wheel when
requisite, as I shall herein-after describe. The end of the lever is con-
nected at e with the rod or link f, which is jointed at y to one end of the
horizontal leverh, working on a fixed centre at in the moveable framing U.
The opposite end of the lever is fitted with an antifriction pulley, which works
in the groove of the cam k. At each revolution of this cain, which rotates in
the direction of the arrow, the end y of the lever is depressed by the action
of the incline of the groove in the cam, and this depression causes the
end c of the lever d to be elevated, the spring having been pushed out of
contact with the material 6 by the stud or pin o' (Figure 10), attached to one
of the compressed slides herein-after described. This elevation of the end cof
the lever is equal in extent to the length of the pastening or peg when cut off.
The spring c now closes upon the strap again, and as the end c of the lever d
descends by means of the cam , it draws down with it a certain length of
material which is inserted between the compressing dies m, m, (shewn in
detail plan with the cover removed at Figure 11 on Sheet 1 of the Drawings ;)
these dies work on the fixed centres, u, andare made to close in upon the peg
to be compressed by the action of the trough-shaped slide o, o, (see sectional
detail of slides at Figure 12,) worked by the grooved camp; the dies m are
The strip
opened again slightly after compression by the small springs q, q.
of material having been thus squeezed flat, is rounded or compressed in an
opposite direction by means of the central slide 7, which is grooved at its
compressing end to give the required rotundity to the end of the strip. This
central slide or presser is made sufficiently thin to enter between the dies m,
and is brought into action immediately after them by the grooved cam s. The
stud or pin being connected to the compresser slide o, it follows that when
that slide moves forward it will carry with it the stud 61, which it forces against
the spring c and thereby opens it, and keeps it open until it has made its
upwards stroke for a fresh length of material; as the slide recedes again, the
spring is allowed to close up and grasp or press upon the material, which it
holds until the stud b¹ is again brought into action. The end of the material
having been compressed by the dies m and presser or central slide », as
described, is cut off by means of a cutter (Figure 11). actuated by the
lever u, which works on the fixed centre v, and is driven by the grooved
cam e, which causes the cutter to advance and receed at each revolution of

page_text: the can shaft. The peg ihus formed is now driven by means of the driver a
into one of a series of vertical holes in the rotating carrier y (Figure 11).
The driver consists of a vertical spindle, working through the framing v, and
pressed upwards by the helical springs; its lower end works through a boss 1,
and is immediately over the compressed peg in the dies, which peg having been
pushed forward slightly into that position by the action of the central presser ",
the descent of the driver is effected by the lever 2, with which it is connected,
working on the centre 3, and actuated by the grooved cam 4, which makes a
double stroke of the lever at each revolution. The carrier y (shewn clearly
in Figure 11, Sheet 1,) has a number of small vertical holes made near its
periphery, and has the intermittant rotatory motion imparted to it, so as to
bring at each increment of motion a hole underneath the compressed peg,
into which hole the peg is driven by the descent of the driver a; as the
carrier y rotates on a fixed plate ', the pegs inserted into it will not fall or
drop out, but will remain therein until brought immediately over the proper
hole to receive them previously pierced in the boot or shoe sole, a compounding
hole and small nozzle a¹ being made in and fitted to the fixed plate y¹ at that
point to allow the descending peg to pass through. This carrier is made with
eight holes and eight ratchet teeth, (but I do not limit myself to any number,)
and is caused to enable an eighth of a revolution at one time by means of the
driving fall 5 (Figure 11) on the end of the arm 6, which workes freely round
the centre or stud y11 of the carrier, and is connected to one end of the rod 7,
which is connected at the other end to the lever 8, (see detail, Figure 13,
Sheet 1,) which works on a fixed centre at 9, and is fitted with an anti-
friction pully 10, which is actuated at each revolution of the cam 11 by
the small swell 12, projecting out from its the under rubber spring a¹
drawing the rod 7 back again after each stroke.
each time the swell 12
It will thus be seen that
the pully 10, the rod 7, and fall 5, with the
carrier y, will be impelled forward. Immediately, however, before the pull
makes a stroke, the spring detail or holder 13 (Figure 11) must be moved
out of one of the deep notches in the carrier
to leave it free to be
rotated by the pall. This releasment is effected by the lever 14 working in a
centre at 15, and actuated at one end by the inside swell 16 of the cam 11,
whilst its opposite end is fitted with a stud pin 17, which lifts out the spring
detent from its notch each time the end of the lever 14 is acted upon by the
swell 16, as will be clearly seen on referring to the detail, Figure 11. The
carrier having been impelled forward one tooth, the spring detail falls into
the next notch, aud from the peculiar form of such notch will hold it perfectly
fixed and steady in either direction. Immediately before a peg arrives over

page_text: the discharging nozzle a', the revolving piercer 18 is made to descend through
the nozzle, and enter the boot or shoe sole in the proper direction, the boot or
shoe having been suitable presented thereto by any suitable arrangement of
describing mechanism, two arrangements of which I have herein-after referred
to and illustrated. The piercer 18 and hammer 19 are both carried in the
long boss 20, shewn in detail, transverse and vertical section, at Figures 14
and 15, Sheet 1. This boss is made to rock slightly in its bearings, 20, 21,
by means of the small lug 22, link 23, and lever 24, which works on a centre
at 25, and is actuated by the grooved cam 26. As the piercer and hammer
are placed out of the centre of the boss 20, it follows that when the boss is
rotated to the desired extent, one or other of the instruments 18 or 19 will
be brought over the discharging nozzle X', and may then be made to operate
in the manner herein-after described. The pincer 18 consists of a spindle,
working through the tube 27 (Figure 15), and connected therewith by means
of a feather, so as to allow it to rise and fall through the tube, and still receives
a rotatory motion therefrom. The tube 27 carries a small grooved pully 28,
and is rotated by means of a gut or band 29, driven from a large pully 30 on
the main shaft, and passed round suitable guide pullies 31. By this means,
although the drill or piercer is made to rise and fall during its rotation, the
position of the driving pully 28 remains unaltered. The drill having been
brought over the nozzle 1, in the manner herein-before referred to, is made
to descend into the sole by means of the forked joint piece 32, which
embraces the spindle between the nuts or collars 33. This joint piece is
connected by a pin joint with the end of the lever 34, which works on a centre
35, aud is made to depress the drill at each revolution of the grooved cam 36,
which works the end 37 of this lever. The drill or piercer having made the
hole, is elevated by its lever and cam, and the boss 20 is rotated slightly by
the mechanism herein-before referred to, so as to bring the hammer 19 over
the nozzle a¹. In the meantime, however, the carrier wheel has brought a
peg over the nozzle, and as the hammer proceeds suddenly it strikes the peg,
and forces it into the hole previously made by the piercer or drill. The blow
of the hammer is effected by the end of the lever 2, which also works the
driver a, hereia-before referred to. The end of this lever is forked, and
embraces the hammer spindle between two collars 38, fitted thereon by means
of pins, as shewn in the Drawing, Figure 5. The interior of the boss 20 is
inade hollow to afford room for these collars, and the end of the lever 2 to
work inside it. This completes the operations of preparing the pegs and
inserting them into the sole.
And I shall now proceed to describe the mechanism by which I actuate the

page_text: frames which carry the boot or shoe, (and which I call the describing"
mechanism, for the purpose of presenting it in a proper position and at a
proper angle to the pegging instruments. The whole of the requisite move-
ments of the describing" mechanism are derived from the vertical driving
shaft 39, which works at its lower end in a footstep bearing 40, bolted to the
lower bed plate C, whilst its upper end is supported by the bracket bearing
41. An intermittant rocking motion is imparted to this shaft by the cam or
wiper 42, fast on the main shaft. 1, shewn in detail plan at Figure 16, Sheet 2.
This wiper, at each revolution of the shaft D, strikes the tappet 43 on the
end of the vertical shaft 39, and causes it to make a partial revolution. After
each stroke of the wiper, the shaft 39 is instantly brought back again to its
original position by the spring 44, connected to a pier in the side of the shaft,
and secured to a portion of the standard or support A. Near the lower end
of the shaft 39 are fixed the two segments 45 and 46, each of which is made
with an inclined seat in it at 47, shown by the dotted lines in Figure 4,
Sheet 2. One of these two segments 45 imparts the requisite angular move-
ments to the boot or shoe sole, and the other one 46 produces the horizontal
sliding or traversing motions, whilst at the same time it imparts the vertical
movement or rise and fall to the frame U carrying the pegging mechanism
herein-before referred to. The boot or shoe is secured into the holder 48,
shewn in detail section at Figure 17, and in plan at Figure 8, Sheet 5. This
holder, to which I lay no claim, consists of a metal frame, having an opening
formed in it to correspond to the shape of the sole, and sufficiently large to
enclose the series of pegs. 49 and 50 are two clamping screws for securing
the last in the holder, the bracket 51, through which the screw 50 works
being made to turn to one side to allow of the insertion and removal of the
last. This holder has a projecting lip formed at each end, and these lips
are slid in beneath the internal ledges 53, formed under the centre oscillating
frame 54, and secured therein by pins. This frame oscillates longitudinally on
the centres55 in the outer oscillating frame 56, which again oscillates laterally
or at right angles to the inner frame on the centres 57 in the longitudinal
sliding frame 58. This frame imparts the longitudinal traverse to the boot
or shoe by sliding along the rails of the second sliding frame 59, which imparts
the lateral or transverse sliding motion to the boot or shoe by sliding along
the fixed guide rails 60 on the upper bed plate B. The oscillating frame 54
is connected at 61 by means of a ball and socket joint 62, shewn in detail
section at Figure 18 (Sheet 1) to a rod 63, the lower end of which is similarly
connected to a lever 64, working on a fixed centre 65, and fitted at its opposite
end 66 with two antifriction pullies, placed one on each side of it, so as to be

page_text: greased when requisite with one or other of the two canes 67 and 68 on the
cane shaft 69, working in bracket bearings 70. The outer oscillating frame
56 is connected at 71 by a ball and socket joint with the rod 72, which is
similarly jointed to the second lever 73 working on the fixed centre 74, and
also fitted with a pair of antifriction pullers at 75 to gear alternately with
either of the two grooved cams 76 and 77 on the cane shaft 69. The object
of having two canes to each lever is, that one cane shall serve for the right
sole and the other for the left, the canes being thrown in or out of action by
sliding the cam shaft with its cam longitudinally through its bearings. An
intermittant rotatory motion is imparted to the cam shaft by means of the
ratchet wheel 78 keyed thereon, and driven by the pall 79 on the end of the
lever arm 80. A pin 81 is fitted into the arm 80, and works in the inclined
slot 47 in the segment 45. As this segment vibrates to and fro with the ver-
tical shaft 39, its inclined sloi 47 imparts a vertical motion to the pin and
lever arm 80, which actuates the pall 79, ratchet wheel 78, and cam shaft 69.
Each of the cams 67, 68, 76, and 77 contains the requisite design for giving
the necessary angular motions to the boot or shoe, so that at one revolution
of their cams the boot or shoe will have described all the angular movement
required, the universally jointed or oscillatory frames in which it is held readily
admitting of such adjustment. The ratchet wheel 78 is held, fixed, and
steadied by the detent S2 (Figure 4); after each movement, an inclined slot in
the segment 46, similar to the one in the segment 45, gives motion to the lever
arm 83, through the pin 84. This arm works freely round the stnd 85 of the
circumferentially groved cam 86, not shewn in Figure 5, and carries a pall 87
for working the ratchet wheel 88, fast in the end of the cam, and working
loosely with it on the stud in the bracket 89, which is bolted at the bed plate
C. A detent 90 serves to hold the ratchet and cam steady after each stroke
of the pall 87. The cam 86 imparts the requisite lateral or transverse
notion to the boot or shoe. This is effected by means of the connecting
rod 91 (Figure S, Sheet 5), which is jointed at one end to the centre
of the slide 58, while its opposite end is connected to the lever arm 92,
fast on the upper end of the vertical spindle 93. This spindle carries also a
slotted arm 94, in which works the slide 95, furnished with a stud or
pulley 96. This stud works in one or other of the two grooves of the
cam 86, according as a right or left boot or shoc is to be constructed.
The end of the slide 95 is guided in a course parallel to the axis of the cam
by means of the slotted guide 97, bolted to the under side of the upper bed
plate B. The object of the slide is to allow for the elongation of the lever,
produced by the lateral movement in a straight line of the stud 96 in the

page_text: groove of the cam, which is so constructed as to impart all the requisite lateral
motions to the boot or shoe during the time it is being operated upon by the
pegging mechanism. The longitudinal traverser is imparted to the boot or
shoe by means of the circumferentially grooved cam 98, Figure 6, Sheet 1,
having a ratcheet wheel 99 fast on one end of it, and working loose upon the
stud 100 in the bracket 101. This cam may also be made with two grooves,
one for the right and the other for the left foot, and the grooves are so con-
structed as to impart all the longitudinal motions requisite to the sole when
being operated upon by the pegging mechanism. For this purpose a rod 102
is connected to one end of the longitudinal sliding frame 58, and is jointed at
the other end to the end of the lever arm 103, fast on the upper end of the
verticial spindle 104. This spindle receives its motion from the cam 98 in a
precisely similar manner to the spindle 93, herein-before referred to, corre-
sponding letters being used for the corresponding parts. The rotation of the
cam 98 is effected through the ratchet wheel 99, shewn more clearly at
Figure 6, Sheet 1 of my Drawings. This wheel is actuated by the pull 105
on the end of the short lever 106, working on a fixed centre 107. The end of
this lever is caused to rise and fall regularly by means of the rod 108, which is
made with an incline on it at the end 109, and this incline slides to and fro
under the end of the lever, thereby raising it, which at each! stroke propells
the wheel forward one or more teeth. This rod 108 is connected at its oppo-
site end to a small arm 110 on the bottom of the shaft 39, so that each time
the shaft is acted upon by the wiper on the main shaft D, herein-before referred
to, the rod 108 will slide forward and back again. The vertical motion, or
rise and fall of the frame U carrying the pegging mechanism, is derived from
the cam 111, fitted into the end of the cam 86. A suitable cam is easily adapted
when a change is required for making a right or left boot or shoe. Beneath
this cam and bearing against it is the lever arm 112, the boss of which works
on the fixed stud 113, and carries another lever arm 114, the end of which
works in a slot or under a lng 115 in the lower portion of the vertical sliding
frame U. This part of the frame slides in the vertical grooved rails 116. As
the entire weight of the frame U with its mechanism rest upon the lever arm
114, it may be balanced by a counterweight or other suitable contrivance. So
soon as the whole of the cams have completed their revolutions, or in other
words, when the pegging or sewing of the boot or shoe sole is completed, the
entire mechanism is thrown out of gear, or stopped by a self-acting arrangement.
An inclined projection or lug 117 is fitted on to the periphery of the cam 98,
Figure 6, Sheet 1, and as this projection comes round it depresses the tail 118
of the lever 119, which works on a fixed centre 120. To the other end of

page_text: this lever is connected the vertical rod 121, connected with the sliding stop 122,
the upper end of which passes up through the bracket F, Figure 4. 123 is
a small bell crank, working longitudinally on the stud 124 in the bracket F¹,
and 125 is a second bell-crank lever working on the stud 124. The short
arm of this lever is in contact with the short arm of the first-mentioned bell-
crank lever, and when the long arm of the lever 125 is acted upon or pushed
on one side by the inclosed projection 127 on the edge of the driving pully F,
the motion is imparted to the bell crank 123, and if the longer arm of this
lever encounters no obstacle it will move freely without acting on the clutch;
but when the end of the slide 122 is pushed up in front of the 12S on the
end of the slide G, herein-before referred to, the longer arm of the bell crank
123 will strike the obstructing end of the slide 122, and by forcing it against
the 128, will push forward the slide G and disengage the clutch. The
machine will now be stopped, and a fresh boot or shoe may be introduced, when
the several movements herein-before described will be repeated.
I may here observe that I wish it to be distinctly understood that I do not
confine myself to the adaptation of the peculiar arrangement of "describing"
the mechanism herein-before explained to this pegging machine, as I consider
the pegging mechanisin herein-before described as a perfectlydistinct machine,
which may be applied or adapted to any other arrangement of "describing"
mechanism than that herein-before explained.
Fig. 19, on Sheet 6 of my Drawings, represents an adaptation of my
pegging machine, herein-before fully described, to a modification of the
describing" mechanism, described by me in the Specification of an Inven-
tion for "certain improvements in boots, shoes, and clogs, and in the machinery
or apparatus and materials connected therewith," for which Letters Patent
were granted to me on or about the Twenty-ninth day of March, Onethousand
eight hundred and fifty-three. The framing A only of the pegging machine
is shewn in Sheet 6, since the mechanism would be merely a repetition
of that which I have hereiu-before fully described and referred to. The red
line in the Drawing indicates the point of junction between the pegging
mechanism or machinery, which I desire to claim as part of my present In-
vention, and the "describing" mechanism to which I lay no further claim, such
mechanism having been partly described in the Specification of the Patent
herein-before referred to. The framing or bed plate of the "describing"
mechanism on Sheet 6 is slightly modified, so as to enable that part of the
machine to be driven from below in place of from above, as previously specified.
B is the main driving shaft, fitted with fast and loose driving pullies, and trans-
mitting motion to the cam shaft C of the pegging mechanism by the pair of

page_text: bevel wheels D, D. Motion is transmitted also from the driving shaft B to the
main shaft E of the "describing" mechanism by any suitable arrangement of
gearing, as shewn at F. The shaft E works in a footstep at its lower end, and
is supported at the top by a bracket G, shewn in the detailed plan, Fig. 20.
The requisite intermittent motion is imparted to the shaft II through the
ratchet wheel I by means of the pall J, acted upon by the cam or wiper K
put on the shaft E. A detent L keeps the ratchet wheel steady after each
increment of motion. The lever M. and spring N, for keeping the cam O in
contact with the stud P, are carried upwards in place of downwards, as
described and shewn in the before-mentioned Specification. With the
exception of these slight modifications the "describing" mechanism remains
unaltered, and need not therefore be further described herein.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to
describe or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without
deviating from the principles or main features of my said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Julian Bernard, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Second day of April, One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-six.
JULIAN BERNARD. (L.S.)