Improvement in Steam Engines.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Apr., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 4th Jan., 1897-Accepted, 3rd Apr., 1997
Improvement in Steam Engines.
I, LEON SYXTUS D'ISZORO, of 1. Mecklenburgh Square, London, in the County of
London, Civil and Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in engines worked by steam or other suitable
substance, and has for its object: To replace the sliding valves, by oscilating-
equilibrium one, the axle of which is of a peculiar design and work in such a way
that, it will forin own seal, and thus by this arrangement it will be dispensed with
glands and stuffing boxes hitherto used. Furthermore, the valve is constructed so,
as to be adjustable, riz., to take the wearing off, and is provided with means to work
expansively, either from the ordinary governor or by hand, and it may be worked
from ordinary eccentric or any other convenient means.
To meet requirement of a reversing engine I designed a special mechanism in
connection with the eccentric; by means of which the angle of advance of the
eccentric may be set at convenience, and thus to make the engine run one way or the
other. Applying the shaft governor to work the said eccentric for variable expansion,
I devised a special mechanism or governor to meet the desired requirement.
41 1
1 100
I LEON SYXTUS D'ISZORO of 1 Mecklenburgh Square, London, in the County of
London, Civil and Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to an improvement in steam engines, respectively steam valves
and steam valves gearing, where instead of sliding valves as hitherto were used, I
introduce the oscillating ones, and in such a way as to make it work in equilibrium,
both as concerns the working under steam pressure, and also balancing its own weight.
Furthermore, I devize and introduce here, a new system of variable expansion gear,
which may be regulated by hand or by an automatic governor.
I attain these objects by the mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings,
in which:
Fig. 1, is side elevation; Fig. 2, is front elevation of the engine, with partial
section through the valve-spindle or axle, thus disclosing the shape of the axle, by
means of which the valve is oscillated.
Fig. 3, shows in part view at A B, viz., without cover of steam cbest, and also in
part section at C D, (Fig. 4) through the centre of the valve.

page_text: Fig. 4, is a horizontal section through E F (Fig. 3).
Fig. 5, is a sectional view of the valve at G H (Fig. 3).
Fig. 6, and 7 are other views of details, respectively: the cam regalating the
admission of steam and the rocking lever or link that actuates the valve.
Figa. and 9 are respectively side and front views of the automatic governor,
designed to work by means of the eccentric and its rod the said valve.
Figs. 10 & 11 are respectively side and front views of a governor sorving the
same purpose as above one only is rearranged to be worked conveniently by hand.
The steam valve a is designed of cylindrical shape and is provided with a convenient
number of orifices 1, to admit the steam into cylinder, and also with a certain
number of orifices 2 an enclosed space 3 for the emission of the exhaust steam which
escapes further through the annular space 4. The valve a is divided at 5 for the
purpose of self-adjustment through wearing and is of sufficient thickness and
elasticity at the part 6 so, as to provide a tight joint when under steam pressure, viz.,
when pressure of steam inside of the valve will cause adjustment through the devision
at 5. The projections 7 and adjusting screw 8 serve to compensate for the wearing of
the valve, by hand, when required. The projections 9 serve as guides and are means
by which the valve a is worked from the axle b as hereinafter will be described.
On the steam entering through the branch 10 into the space 11 of the cylinder,
and passing-part of it-through, to the opposite face of the valve, it presses the
valve equally on both sides, thus forming the desired equilibrium, and on motion of
the valve in one or the other direction, steam enters through the orifices I and passag p
into the cylinder, and escapes through the orifices 2, which are provided for the
exhaust steam; then through space 3, annular space 4 and the branch 12.
The valve may be actuated from the eccentric, as is shown in the present case, or by
any other means suitable for the purpose: The axle 6 is provided with one specially
shaped end 18 which fits between the above mentioned projections 9 and a conical
swell 14 which takes the place of the staffing box and gland of the ordinary engine;
on the other end, the said axle 6 carries the rocking lever, or link C, and the screw
and nut 15 for adjustment, or to take up the wearing between the swell 14 and the
boss 16 on the steam-chest cover d. The valve a is kept permanently in its position,
by the said boss 16 and the boss 17.
For the ordinary-not expansive-engine the lever C may be used of simplest form,
viz., with one end keyed on shaft 6, and with the other end connected to the eccentric
rod, or other means applied for the purpose; in the present case however, as the
engine is designed to work expansively; the rocking lever is made in the shape of a
link, so as to allow the pin or block e that moves it, to slide up and down and thus to
give a larger or smaller stroke to the valve and consequently admits more or less
steam to the cylinder. This method of regulating the admission of steam would be
only convenient when employing the engine governor, otherwise, viz., to regulate the
admission of steam by hand, it would require to reduce the speed of the engine, or
even to stop it. To enable the admission of steam to be conveniently regulated by
hand, is here introduced the cam f, which is formed of a radial channel 18 and a
limited opening 19 above it. In the upper part of this cam is fitted a screwnut 20 in
such a way, that it can be turned round independently, yet can be moved up and
down only with the said cam f. The boss 21 of the steam chest cover d is made to fit
with vertical sides into the space 19 in such a way, that the cam will keep always a
vertical position, (i.e. vertical to the axle 6) yet it may slide to and fro. To keep the
cam in any desired position, is the screw 22 employed which, with one end is
permanently fixed in the boss 21 and with the other part, passes through the
aforesaid screwnut 20. Now as the screw 22 is fixed with one end in the boss 21 and
the nut is fixed in the cam: by turning the nut 20 one way or the other, a motion of
the cam having the radial channel 18 will take place which will be moved to the
centre or from the centre of the axle b. But the said channel 18 is made to command
the sliding block or pin e, hence by moving the channel 18 in one direction or the
other we move also the pin e and consequently there will be caused an increase or
decrease of the motion of the valve and with it also the admission of steam to the

page_text: cylinder. The channel 18 is made to meet the oscillation of the pin e, and with it the
joint 23 of the eccentric rod, the outside edge of which-in the present case-iš
arranged, to fit and work in the said channel.
In my aforesaid statement I pointed out, that the valve may be worked non-
expansively, in such case it requires a governor to control the engine. As the said!
valve is an equilibrium one and requires only a very small power to control it, I.
designed a special shaft governor actuating the eccentric and through it the steam-
valve, and it may be worked either by hand or automatically. Particulars of the
automatic governor are as follows: Two rectangular-or other shape-frames 24:
and 25 (Fig. 8 & 9) are provided with weights 26 and 27 and lugs 28 and 29
and rollers 30 & 31. and are placed on the boss-either of the flywheel 32 or a special
one, but rotating with the shaft 33.
The eccentric sheaf 34 is provided with the inclined grooves 35 & 36 and
ribs 37 & 38 fitted to glide on the same boss as the frames but crossways according
to the required speed of the engine, the weights will glide in the direction of the
arrows and each will bring its respective rollers 30 & 31 towards the centre of the
shaft, but as the rollers are working in the inclined grooves 35 & 36, consequently
the stroke of the eccentric will be reduced and with it also the admission of steam to
the cylinder. As soon as the engine regains its normal speed i.e. during this
action, the springs 37 & 38, bring the frames and with them also the eccentric
to its desired position.
To regulate the stroke of the eccentric by hand and with it also the admission.
of steam to the cylinder, whilst the engine is in motion, I make the eccentric
sheaf 39 (Figs. 10 & 11), to glide on the boss 40 in a similar manner as that
in the automatic arrangement, but only instead of rollers and working them.
vertically to the shaft, here I use the wedges 41 & 42 and make them work
horizontally; these wedges are in common with the coupling 43 which is made to.
glide in the usual manner on the shaft and is controlled by a hand lever 44
fulcrumed at 45; by moving the lever and with it also the coupling one way or
the other, the said wedges will also be actuated and as they are arranged so
that, when one gives way, the other takes in, in the sheaf, consequently the
position of it is changed at will, and with it the stroke of the eccentric and also
the admission of steam to the cylinder. This may also be applied to hydraulic
and other engines.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said.
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
First. In a steam engine with one or more valves, the construction and employment
of an oscillating equilibrium valve for the admission of steam to the cylinder, and the
method of and means for causing the pressure to preserve a steam-tight joint between
the working surfaces, substantially as herein described with reference to the appended.
drawings.
Second. In a steam engine provided with an oscillating equilibrium valve or valves,.
as referred to in the preceding claim, the construction and use of the valve spindle-
substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth, and shown by the appended
drawings.
Third. In a steam engine provided with an oscillating valve or valves, and adapted
to work expansively the construction and use of the rocking lever or link for con-
trolling the action thereof, substantially as herein described and shown by the
appended drawings.
Fourth. In a steam engine provided with an oscillating valve or valves, and
adapted to work expansively, the construction and use of an adjustable cam,
having a regulating screw nut and a guide or channel to receive the head of
the eccentric rod, and a sliding block or pin acting upon a slotted rocking lever
in combination with an oscillating valve or valves, substantially as and for the
purposes herein described with reference to the appended drawings.

page_text: Fifth. In a steam engine provided with an oscillating valve or valves, the con-
struction and use of a governor consisting of two frames with balance weights and
controlling springs, acting upon an eccentric so as to reduce or increase the
movement of the valve rod, substantially as herein described and shown by the
appended sheet of drawings.
Sixth. In a steam engine governor as referred to in the preceding claim the
construction-and use of a sliding eccentric carried upon the shaft or a boss thereon,
and adjusted by means of wedges or inclined planes, and operated by a hand
lever substantially as and for the purposes herein described and shown by the
appended drawings.
Seventh. In a steam engine the construction, arrangement and combination of
the several parts substantially as and for the purposes as herein described and shown by
the appended drawings.