IMPROVE- IN PRINTING OR IN PRODUCING DESIGNS AND PATTERNS OF PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of the firm of
Robertson, Brooman, and Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the
City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
IN PRINTING OR IN PRODUCING DESIGNS AND PATTERNS OF
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald
Brooman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 27th June 1853.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of the firm of Robertson, Brooman,
and Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN PRINTING OR IN PRODUCING DESIGNS AND PATTERNS ON
STUFFS AND FABRICS" to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in a new method of printing, whereby such
powders or colors as are insoluble and are not fixed by steaming, or
offer scarcely any resistance to the action of steam, or dyeing, (such, for

page_text: example, as metallic leaf and powders, colouring and flock powders,
mineral precipitates, chrome yellow, ultramarine, &c.,) may be applied
on fibrous or other substances and fabrics together with the colors
ordinarily used.
The Invention is carried into effect by applying, in addition to the
colors used, a mordant or mastic capable of resisting the action of
steam, and the chemical agents employed in coloring fabrics, composed
of some substance which will not run by moisture resulting from the
steaming process, and which may afterwards be softened by heat so as
to receive the powders or colors to be applied thereto, and on being
cooled will retain them firmly. The mordant is composed of gutta
percha, or of certain resinous or bituminous substances, asphalte, &c.,
but the inventor prefers gutta percha for the purpose.
The manner in which this process is effected is as follows:-Sup-
pose gutta percha to be the substance employed. It is first (after being
mixed or not with some of the substance before mentioned) dissolved in
a suitable solvent, and is then printed on to the fabric. &c.. by the same
processes as are used for ordinary colors and in combination therewith.
The steaming, washing, drying, and dressing of the fabric thus printed
are carried on in the ordinary manner; and after these operations have
been concluded the fabrics are passed on to steam cans or plates to be
subjected to the action of heat, whereby the gutta percha becomes
softened and adhesive, and the powders or other insoluble coloring
matters are then applied on it and adhere to it. The fabric is now
allowed to cool, and is then brushed by certain mechanical arrange-
ments (to be described in the Complete Specification of this Invention)
so as to remove the powder from all the parts to which the mastic may
not have been applied), and is then, if necessary, washed, so as to com-
pletely clean the fabric. Instead of softening the gutta percha by the
application of heat, this may be effected by immersing it in some
liquid solvent, or by subjecting the fabric to the action of steam; but
the method of heating previously alluded to is by far the most econo-
mical and advantageous. This mordant being not only insoluble and
impervious, but also resisting the action of the chemical agents gene-
rally used in the various processes of coloring fabrics, &c., may be

page_text: applied, not only in combination with steamed colors, but also with
colors produced for dyeing, and even with fast colors, upon cotton, silk,
&c. This process may also be employed where dyeing is performed by
nodding
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters l'atent,
filed by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal
Patent Office, on the 27th December 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of the firm of Robertson, Brooman,
& Co., of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agent,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of June, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Richard Archibald Brooman,
Her special licence that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING OR IN
PRODUCING DESIGNS AND PATTERNS ON STUFFS AND FABRICS," communicated
to me by a foreigner residling abroad, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I. the said Richard Archibald Brooman,

page_text: do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and nseer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had
to the Drawings hereunto annexed (that is to say):
The Invention consists in producing designs or patterns on stuff's and
fabrics by first printing, stamping, or otherwise impressing on such
fabrics some resinous or other substance, simple or compound, which
may be rendered adhesive by heat, or by being partially dissolved,
which substance is applied in designs and patterns required to be after-
wards produced on the fabric. The fabric thus prepared is submitted
to heat or to a solvent, so as to render the resinous matter adhesive,
and has then applied thereon metal powder, mictal leaf, flock, powdered
colors, or other dry powder; the superfluous powder is next removed
from the fabric, and the design printed in the resinous matter will be
produced in gold, flock, or other powder employed. And the manner
in which the said Invention may be performed is as follows:―
Every resinous substance will answer more or less well the purposes
of this Invention, but the resinous substance which has been found to
answer best is a compound formed of gutta percha, bitumen, and assam
gum, the proportions of which may vary according to the size and
thickness of the lines in the pattern to be produced. This compound
is reduced to a fit state for printing by being dissolved in naptha or
other solvent, and is then applied on the fabric on which the design or
pattern is to be produced by block or machine printing precisely in the
manner now followed in the printing of designs and patterns on stuff's
and other like goods. Instead of being dissolved, the resinous sub-
stance may in some cases be reduced to a fit state for printing with
by the application of heat. But it is found preferable to use it in.
solution.
The fabric thus prepared with the design applied thereon. in the
resinous substance is then submitted to a process or machine whereby
and wherein the resinous substance is rendered. adhesive.
In Figure 1 of the Drawings annexed I have represented a
machine wherein the resinous substance may be rendered adhesive,
and in which the mictal or other powder, may be applied thereon and

page_text: caused to adhere thereto. I do not confine myself, however, to this
particular machine, as many analogous thereto may be employed with
equal advantage. A, is a cylinder, kept heated from the inside by steam
cases a, a, a, a, to which stean is conveyed through the 'hollow armis
b,'b, b, b, supplied by steam through the axis c, from a steam pipe d.
The cylinder is free to revolve on its axis, and is surrounded with a
blanket or other flannel covering. B. is a beam on which the fabric
previously prepared with the design printed in the resinous composition
aforesaid is wound. C. is a steam chest, the inner side of which is
concentric with the periphery of the cylinder A. E, is a hopper which
contains the powder to be applied on the printed resinous design. F,
is a distributing roller. G, G', two rollers made to press against the
cylinder A, by the weighted levers g, y. The cups or boxes H, HI, in
which the color falls from the hopper E, are made to rise or fall by
means of the weighted lever h. M. M', are cylinders of papier maché
or other suitable substance; and N, an intermediate hollow metal
cylinder heated by steam. These cylinders are mounted in a frame,
and are made to press against each other, more or less, as required by
means of the levers and rods O, P, Q, and screw R. S, is a gathering
beam. The operation is as follows:-The fabric, prepared as herein-
before described, is caused to travel along the surface of the heated
cylinder A, and between it and the steam chest C, before reaching the
end of which the resinous substance is softened, becomes adhesive, and
is ready to receive the powder which is deposited thereon by the two
rollers G, G, which revolve in the color boxes II, H; the fabric is
then caused to pass partly round the cylinder M, between it and the
heated cylinder N, partly round this heated cylinder, between it and the
cylinder M. Between the heated cylinder and the two cylinders M,
and M', the powder becomes thoroughly pressed into the resinous
design. After passing partly round the cylinder M', the fabric is
received on to the gathering beam S. The rollers M, N, and M', arc
caused to exert more or less pressure by means of the levers and
rod O, P, Q, and also by the pressure screw R. On being unwound
from the gathering beam the fabric is beaten to deprive it of any
superfluous powder that may have adhered thereto, or it may be sub-

page_text: mitted to such a brushing machine as that shown in Figure 2, where A,
is a frame in which a case or box B, is fitteil. The case is closed,
except at the points a, and b, where openings are made for the admis-
sion into and exit from the case of the stuff to be brushed. C, C, are
two fixed brushes. D, D, two brushes free to revolve, and mounted in
suitable bearings in the frame A; and E, E, two similar brushies
mounted above the brushes D, D. F, F, are two fixed brushes. G, G,
are guards; and 9, 9. pegs or combs for cleaning the revolving
brushes. B, is a drawer at the bottom of the case. I, I, guide
rollers. K, a beam on which the fabric to be brushed is wound; and
I, a similar beam for receiving the fabric after being brushed. The
action is as follows:-The fabric is first passed into the brushing case
through the aperture a, under the roller 1, and between the fixed
brushes C, C. Rotary motion from some prime mover is communi-
catel to the brushes D, D, and E, E, which are caused to revolve in a
direction contrary to that in which the fabric advances.
After passing
between the fixed brushes C, C, the fabric is led between the first pair,
then between the second pair, and lastly between the fixed brushes F, F,
and out of the case through the aperture b; it is then led over the
rollers 1, 1, and is wound on the beam L. The guards G, G. are for
the purpose of preventing the powder brushed off from rising into the
top of the case, and from being thrown on to the upper brushes. g. 9,
are fixed pegs or combs for cleaning the revolving brushes. Whatever
superfluous powder has not been removed by the brushes C, C,
and D, D, is brushed off by the upper brushes E, E, and F, F, while
the powder removed falls into the drawer II, from whence it can be
removed as required. If preferred, the resinous design may be ren-
dered adhesive by applying naptha or other like solvent, or the fumes
of naptha or other solvent. The fabric with the resinous design may be
passed between two rollers, one of which revolves in a trough containing
naptha or other solvent, or the fabric may be made to pass over a vessel
containing naptha heated to such degree as to give off vapour. In either
case the resinous substance would be so far dissolved as to become ad-
hesive, and care must be taken to apply the powder or leaf before the
resinous substance has become set. After the application of the powder

page_text: or metal leaf the fabric must be beaten or brushed, as herein-before
explained, in order to rid it of any superfluous powder that may have
adhered thereto.
Where metal leaf is to be applied it may be conveniently added, by
hand or otherwise, after the resinous design has been submitted to a
sufficient degree of heat to render the resinous substance or compound
adhesive.
The printing with a resinous substance as herein-before described
may be performed simultaneously with color printing or with printing
other designs and patterns in colors, provided always that such colors
be of such a nature as not to fly or run on the subsequent application
of such heat as may be necessary to cause the resinous substance to
become adhesive. Resinous substances resisting the action of acids,
and of such chemical substances as are generally employed in color
printing, will not be injuriously affected when employed simultaneously
with the colors. For the same reason the fabrics, after being printed
with a resinous design or pattern as aforesaid, may be dyed and sub-
mitted to the heating process after the dyeing of the fabrics, in order to
render the same adhesive to receive the powder, metal leaf, &c.
In submitting shawls and other fabrics in short lengths to this
process it is more convenient to unite them to each other, in order to
make a length more suitable to the machines employed in the process.
They might, however, be treated separately.
After the design has been printed in a resinous substance the shawl
or other fabric might be passed over a heated table or exposed to hot
air, or otherwise exposed to heat, and the powder or leaf applied by
hand; the superfluous powder should be removed by beating or
brushing.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim the
printing or producing of designs and patterns on stuff's and fabrics, by
first printing or impressing thereon the required design in a resinous
substance or composition subsequently rendered adhesive by licat, or
by being partially dissolved, and then applying thereon metal powder,
metal leaf, flock, powdered colors, and other dry powder, all as herein-

page_text: before particularly described. And whether such designs so. produced
as aforesaid be employed alone or in combination with ordinary color
printing or with dyeing.
In witness whereof, 1, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of
December, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
R. A. BROOMAN. * (L.S.)