IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE STOVES OR GRATES USED FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Saul Hendy, of Essex Street, Strand, in the
County of Middlesex, Butler of the Honorable Society of the Inner
Temple, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE STOVES OR GRATES
USED FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES."
Sealed the 7th April 1857, and dated the 9th October 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Saul Hendy at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
October 1856.
I, JAMES SAUL HENDY, of Essex Street, Strand, in the County of Middle-
sex, Butler of the Honorable Society of the Inner Temple, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE STOVES OR GRATES
USED FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES," to be as follows:
The object of my Invention is to throw as much heat as. possible into a
room from a domestic fire. For which purpose I project the fire more than
usual into the room, which I am enabled to do, by reason of my arrangements,
to consume the smoke, to prevent down draughts, and to keep the whole
contents of the grate while burning in a bright incandescent state.. In my
improved stove or grate, I form the opening for the passage of the products
of combustion in the back of the stove close down to the fire. This opening
enters into a small flue chamber about the size of an ordinary chimney. It is
formed of the metal of the stove, and has a contracted escape at the top,
which is carried up to about the level of the mantel. The back of the fire

page_text: receptacle is placed at an angle somewhat approaching forty-five degrees, and
recedes behind the general back of the stove towards the back of the first
flue, before mentioned; air passages in the bars of the bottom are formed close
to the inclined back, the air entering which is free to take the direction of the
inclined back towards the flue, and thereby to keep the back part of the fire
in an incandescent state. The flame & gases entering the flue in the back
of the stove combine with air in that space and produce combustion, and the
passage therefrom being contracted, as before mentioned, this combustion
produces considerable draught..
The heat produced by the combustion of the smoke in the stove flue space
passes through and radiates from the metal of the stove in front, and also pro-
duces a powerful draught in the chimney. To prevent down' draughts, I place
plate of metal or other suitable material immediately over the contracted
escape from the stove flue, with a convex side downwards and concave upwards,
but at a sufficient height to permit the passage of smoke.. Any current of air
descending the chimney. is prevented passing directly down the stove flue, and
is diverted into a considerable space behind the whole area of the stove, in
which it mingles with the products of combustion, becomes rarified, and again
ascends the chimney.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Saul Hendy in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
9th April 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
SAUL HENDY, of Essex Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Butler
of the Honorable Society of the Inner Temple, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said James Saul Hendy, Her special licence that I, the said James Saul
Hendy, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said James Saul Hendy, my executors, administrators; and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for

page_text: "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE STOVES OR GRATES USED FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES," upon
the condition (amongst others) that 1, the said James Saul Hendy, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my; or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Saul Hendy, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters
and figures hereunto annexed (that is to say):-
3
My Invention relates to domestic fire stoves, the object of my improvements
being to obtain and keep as much heat as possible in the room, by preventing
more air passing up the chimney than is necessary for the combustion of the
fuel and smoke therefrom. According to my arrangements of the fire-place
and passage or passages into the chimney, I am enabled to project the fire
further into the room than is the case with the ordinary register stoves. The
smoke, which is partly consumed behind the metal plate of the stove, and the
heat given out, is transmitted through the metal into the room. I am also
enabled to prevent down draughts, or what is termed a smoky chimney. In
my improved stove or grate, I form the opening for the passage of the products
of combustion in the back of the stove close down to the fire. This opening
enters into a small flue chamber about the size of an ordinary chimney. It is
formed of the metal of the stove, and has a contracted escape at the top,
which is carried up to about the level of the top of the stove.
The back of the fire receptacle is placed at an angle somewhat approaching
forty-five degrees, and recedes behind the general back of the stove towards
the back of the metal flue before mentioned, and the air passages through the
bars of the bottom are formed close to the inclined back, the air entering
which is free to take the direction of the inclined back towards the flue, and
thereby to keep the back part of the fire in an incandescent state. The flame
and gases entering the flue in the back of the stove combine with air in that
space and produce combustion, and the passage therefrom being contracted, as
before mentioned, the combustion produces considerable draught. The beat
produced by the combustion of the smoke in the flue space of the stove passes
through and radiates from the metal of the stove in front, and also produces -
a powerful draught in the chimney. To prevent down draughts, I place a

page_text: plate of metal or other suitable material immediately over the contracted
escape of the Alue in the stove; it is placed a sufficient height to permit the
passage of smoke. Any current of air descending the chimney is prevented
passing directly down the stove flue, and is diverted into a considerable space
behind the whole area of the stove, in which it mingles with the products of
combustion, becomes rarified, and again ascends the chimney.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 represents a front, view of a stove constructed according to my
Invention; Fig. 2, a back. view; Fig. 3, a horizontal section on the line
1, 2, Fig. 4; and Fig. 4, a transverse vertical section of the same on the line
3, 4, Fig 2. As will be seen, this stove in its general appearance is similar
to ordinary register stoves. a, a, is the grate or place for the reception of
the fire; it is furnished with the ordinary front bars, but has rather less bottom
surface (b) than usual, while the back (c) is very much sloped, and is carried
back behind the general back (d, d,) of the stove. The surface c I make
solid, and by preference of fire clay. The back sloping beyond the line d, d,
and an opening e existing, forms a direct communication between the fuel of
the fire and the flue f, f, immediately behind the back plates d, d. The cross
bar (9) supports the back of the fire, and another opening (h) immediately
above it permits any smoke and flame to enter the flue or passage k that does
not enter by the opening e. The opening may be increased or diminished
at pleasure, for which purpose I fit a sliding plate d', and fix it with binding
screws i, i, and by which it may be secured in a higher or lower position. The
opening in the back d is of considerable size to permit of the flue f being
readily cleaned out, for which purpose the plate d' may be removed altogether.
Under ordinary circumstances the plate will be kept in the position in which
it is seen in the front view (Fig. 1); it slides through an opening m in the
top part of the stove, which opening also affords an exit for any little smoke
that may escape upwards from the fire. There is no other opening in the top
of this stove as in ordinary stoves, whereby the room is kept cool, and which
also cools the chimney, and in a great degree vitiates the draught. The
direct passage of the air entering the bottom grating 6 to the opening e,
produced by the draught therein, tends to keep the back part of the fire in an
incandescent state.
h
The greater part of the smoke passes in at this opening, while the remainder
of the smoke and flame enters f through h. The flue f being constantly kept
hot, the entrance of the flame at h, with a sufficient. but limited quantity of
air, produces the combustion of the smoke in f, f; part of the heat thus

page_text: generated is transmitted through d and d', while the remainder beats the
chimney, and maintains the requisite draught therein. f' is the contracted
top of the flue f; it is closed at the back and front parts, and is covered with
a plate k, but free egress is left at the sides for the escape of the products of
combustion into the chimney. The plate k may be convex and curved down-
wards, as represented dotted in Fig. 2, or flat in the middle, but should be
bent down at the sides to prevent any direct return draught from any sudden
gust of wind. I form air spaces or chambers 1, 1, behind the stove, which is
kept hot by flue f. These spaces afford room for any sudden down draught to
play, and to become heated when it again ascends the chimney. The parts of
this stove are cast and fitted in the ordinary way, to which therefore it will
be unnecessary further to allude. If it is desired to kindle or draw up the
fire quickly in this stove, a moveable hood or cover may be fitted to the stove
back, as represented in dotted line p, in Fig. 4, when the whole draught
generated will be concentrated and passed through the fuel in the grate,
whereby the desired object will be speedily effected.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
the same may be performed, I declare that what I claim as my Invention,
and to be secured to me as my exclusive right by the herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent, is, the construction of domestic fire stove, having the
inclined back c, openings e and h, and flue f combined, and arranged for
the purposes and as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Saul Hendy, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Ninth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
W. CLARK,
53, Chancery Lane, London.
JAMES S. HENDY. (L.S.)