matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicholas Thomas at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
August 1872.
I, NICHOLAS THOMAS, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES," to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention, which relates to improvements in motive-power
engines, has reference to that class of engines wherein reciprocating
cylinders are employed, and it consists in arranging the cylinder or
cylinders in slides, and providing them with arms for carrying con-
necting rods by which the said cylinder or cylinders is or are coupled
to cranks on the crank shaft. Between the cranks on the crank shaft
to which the cylinder connecting rods are coupled is another crank at
opposite angles to the aforesaid cranks, and to this intermediate crank
the connecting rod attached to the piston rod is coupled.
.
Steam is admitted to the cylinder or cylinders to act therein by slide
or other valves, these being driven by eccentrics or from tappets or
wipers.
The said valves are also adapted for exhausting the steam as required.
AN IMPROVED EQUILIBRIUM STEAM VALVE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas West at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
November 1872.
I, THOMAS WEST, of Devons' Road, Bromley-by-Bow, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED EQUILIBRIUM STEAM VALVE," to be as
follows:-
In the ordinary slide valves used for admitting steam alternately into
cach end of the cylinder of an engine such valves work backwards and
forwards in a chamber filled with steam, and such steam presses against
the back of the valve so as to cause a great amount of friction and loss
of power, and the object of my Invention is to prevent such loss.
In my improved equilibrium valve I screw into the face of the
cylinder around the path in which the valve travels a number of
adjustable studs, which must be made of gun metal, or some other metal
which when hot expands in a greater degree than the metal of which
the valve and valve chest are composed. At the back of the valve is a
metal plate which occupies the whole width of the valve chest, but

page_text: leaves open at each end a sufficient space to allow the steam to have
free access to the cylinder ports. Holes are drilled through this plate
corresponding to the number of adjustable expansive studs before men-
tioned, and these studs form guides so as by means of adjustable nuts
or distance pieces to keep the plate in its position and relieve the valve
from all pressure. The studs are made long enough to project through
the covering or protecting plate, and have their ends screwed with a
thread to receive the adjustable nuts. These adjusting nuts, which are
screwed on the ends of the studs to keep the plate down on the back
of the valve are made much longer than the ordinary nuts, and instead
of having a thread screwed throughout their entire length have the
lower portion recessed so as to allow space for the free play of spiral or
other springs. The plate being in its place and the springs being also in
position the nuts are not screwed down tight to the plate, but a small
space is left so as to allow the plate a certain amount of play, the
springs keeping the plate always close up to the back of the valve. If
preferred an ordinary nut and another form of spring may be used to
suit the construction of the valve chest. To assist lubrication grooves
are cut in the back of the valve.
Although I have described my improved equilibrium valve as annlied
A NEW OR IMPROVED FUEL TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR AND TO ECONOMIZE COAL, AND THE MEANS OF APPLYING SAME TO FEED STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES WHERE STEAM CAN BE OBTAINED
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Henry Cotton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd November 1872.
I, THOMAS HENRY COTTON, of Huddersfield, in the County of York,
Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "A NEW OR IMPROVED FUEL TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR AND TO
ECONOMIZE COAL, AND THE MEANS OF APPLYING SAME TO FEED STEAM BOILER AND
OTHER FURNACES WHERE STEAM CAN BE OBTAINED," to be as follows :-
This new or improved fuel consists of creosote oil, or oil of tar, or
other dead oil combined with steam in suitable proportions, or it is
introduced to the furnace simultaneously with and by means of steam.
The means or apparatus employed for the application or introduction
of this fuel to the furnace consists of a vessel to contain the aforesaid
oil, and to which is attached a pipe (with an adjustable tap) for con-
ducting the oil to the furnace; also another pipe (with adjustable tap)
to conduct steam from a boiler or any source of supply to the said
furnace. The two pipes are brought together and united in one pipe or
jet so formed (either by perforations or otherwise) that by the pressure of

page_text: the steam the oil will be discharged and spread over the surface of the
fire, by and on which it becomes ignited, and gives off flame and heat.
I prefer to have the steam at not less than ten pounds of pressure on
the square inch when brought into contact with the oil, although less
would effect the introduction of the oil to the fire, and the greater the
pressure of steam the better the result will be, as a smaller quantity of
steam will suffice for introducing or distributing the oil over and upon
the fire. In the employment of this class of oil as a fuel it is necessary
to have an ordinary coal fire to generate steam to the minimum pressure
necessary to introduce the oil to the fire in the furnace, then the oil can ]
be introduced regularly, as herein-before explained and as required,
when not only can any further supply of coal be dispensed with, but
steam can be generated to any degree of pressure so long as oil is
supplied to the furnace.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MAGIC LANTERN SLIDE HOLDERS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Vincent Hatch at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th December 1872.
I, JOHN VINCENT HATCH, of Huddersfield, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS
IN MAGIC LANTERN SLIDE HOLDERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in magic lantern slide holders,
whereby the slides are caused to travel in a continuous series slowly in
succession past the opening opposite the lamp or other light employed
for exhibiting the object or image depicted upon the slides, thus
producing panoramic effects.
The slide holder is so arranged and constructed that the top and
bottom edges of the slides are retained in grooves or guides formed upon
the holder, the slides resting in a vertical position upon and being
carried by an endless band mounted on rollers attached to the slide holder
or otherwise. The slides are introduced between the guides in
succession so as to be supported vertically end to end upon the endless
band to which motion is given by a crank handle upon the axis of one

page_text: of the rollers or otherwise, by which means they are caused to travel
slowly, whilst the image or object thereon is exhibited upon a screen in
like manner to a panorama, as is well understood. . Or each successive
slide be kept stationary for a time at the will of the exhibitor.
may
-
In place of employing an endless band for carrying the slides they
may be supported upon and carried by other forms of carriers, in
accordance with my improvements, such as a tape of woven fabric,
leather, or other material wound to and fro upon rollers, or the slides
may be mounted upon carriers actuated by a rack and pinion, or
otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS AND VESSELS AND ALSO IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Timothy White at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
November 1872.
I, TIMOTHY WHITE, of Portsmouth, in the County of Hants, Captain
in the 2nd Hampshire Artillery, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS AND
VESSELS AND ALSO IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES,"
to be as follows :—
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction
of ships and vessels and also in the construction of railway and other
carriages.
In order to provide in ships and vessels, saloons, compartments, or
cabins which shall not partake of the motion of the ship or vessel
as it rolls and pitches to the waves, but shall maintain at all times a
horizontal floor, or approximately so, I form within a ship or vessel
a tank or tanks containing water, and in such tank or tanks I cause
the saloon, compartments, or cabins to float; I provide guides and
springs to prevent the ship or vessel as it rolls from coming into violent

page_text: collision with the saloon, compartment, or cabin, and I also provide
connections between the ship or vessel and the saloon, compartment,
or cabin, by which persons may conveniently pass from one to the
other.
In a similar manner I prevent the shocks which a railway or other ||
carriage meets with in travelling from being transmitted to the
occupants, the body of the carriage is made entirely separate from
the frame which the wheels support, and on this frame is a water
tank, and the body of the carriage is so constructed as to float in this
tank.
Guides and springs are provided to prevent the body of the carriage
coming into violent collision with the sides of the tank.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR AND MEANS OF WINDING WEFT ON THE 'PINS' OF SHUTTLES OF LOOMS FOR WEAVING, SO AS TO DISPENSE WITH USE OF BOBBINS AND SPOOL TUBES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Crabtree at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th September 1872.
I, JAMES CRABTREE, of Liversedge, in the County of York, Loom
Tuner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR AND MEANS OF WINDING WEFT ON THE 'PINS' OF
SHUTTLES OF LOOMS FOR WEAVING, SO AS TO DISPENSE WITH USE OF BOBBINS AND
SPOOL TUBES," to be as follows :—
The object of this Invention is to dispense with the use of bobbins
and spool tubes on which weft is wound previous to being introduced to
the shuttles of looms for weaving, and so provide for an increased
quantity of weft within such shuttles and economize material and time.
I employ a winding frame having a number of revolving spindles
driven by grooved pulleys, the top of each spindle being recessed to
receive the point of the shuttle pin, which is thus caused to revolve, and
a conical cup or cap directs the weft when being wound on the shuttle
pin. A weight on the end of a stud or spindle passed through an upper

page_text: rail bears on the top of each shuttle pin for the purpose of steadying
and holding the same in position. Or a tube having a slit formed verti-
cally therein may be employed, the shuttle pin being caused to revolve
therein by means above described, and a disc or collar fitting the interior
of the tube and having a hole formed in the centre thereof, so that the
said disc or collar steadies the shuttle pin when revolving, and whilst
being filled with weft within the said tube.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE ADMISSION OF STEAM TO CORLISS AND OTHER STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Peebles at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
March 1872. A communication from abroad by Rudolf Steiner,
residing at Crimmitsschañ, in Saxony.
I, WILLIAM PEEBLES, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE ADMISSION OF STEAM
TO CORLISS AND OTHER STEAM ENGINES," which Invention has been com-
municated to me from abroad by Rudolf Steiner, residing at Crimmits-
schañ, in Saxony, to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to apparatus designed for the well-known
Corliss class of steam engine, but also suitable for steam engines of
various kinds in which the admission or cutting-off of the steam is
effected by valves acting independently of the valves which regulate the
exhaust.
The improved apparatus comprises a slide arranged to reciprocate in
guides on a fixed bracket or frame piece by the action of a revolving
eccentric or equivalent detail. The slide carries a bell-crank lever, one

page_text: arm of which is at right angles, or nearly so, to the line of motion of
the slide, the other arm being parallel thereto and connected to a spring
fixed on the slide. A bar connected to the valve spindle, or to a lever
thereon, and which may be termed the valve bar, is guided to move
parallel with the slide and is jointed to the bell-crank lever. A notch
is formed on the under side of the valve bar and a latch or small slide,
carried by the main slide, is arranged to engage in the notch by the
action of a spring when the main slide is moved to one end of its travel.
The latch is carried by or connected to a small bell-crank lever, which
is carried by the main slide, and which has one arm extending so as to
encounter an adjustable stop when the main slide is moved. When the
main slide moves in one direction it strains the spring and engages with
the valve bar; and when it moves in the opposite direction it moves
the valve bar so as to open the valve, and keeps the valve open until
the adjustable stop is encountered, whereupon the valve bar is released
and the spring draws it back, thus closing the valve and cutting off the
steam.
The adjustable stop may be moved by hand, or it may be connected
with a covernor of any suitable known kind, so as to be automatically
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREAST COLLARS FOR HORSES OR OTHER DRAUGHT ANIMALS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Hinton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
February 1872.
I, FREDERIC HINTON, of Lyme Regis, in the County of Dorset,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BREAST COLLARS FOR HORSES OR OTHER DRAUGHT ANIMALS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in breast collars for
horses or other draught animals. Breast collars have long been used for
light work or for leaders, but as heretofore made they are liable to gall
and rub the horse or other draught animal wearing them, and my
Invention is designed to obviate this serious evil, and thereby to render
breast collars suitable also for heavy work, for which purpose the breast
collar according to my Invention is composed of an outer part or portion
of leather or such like material capable of bearing considerable strain,
and an inner part or lining of india-rubber or other suitable tubing, or
bags capable of holding air, and of conforming to the contour of the

page_text: animal's breast, and which tubes or bags are arranged in one or more
rows. The improved inner part or lining thus combined with the leather
or such like material of the collar, is caused to bear against the body of
the animal, and prevents the collar from chafing or distressing it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR WINDING AND BALLING YARN
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Wright Wilkinson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th February 1872.
I, SAMUEL WRIGHT WILKINSON, of Stockport, in the County of
Chester, Cotton Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR WINDING
AND BALLING YARN," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in certain improvements upon a machine, now
known and in use, by which the yarn drawn off a warp beam is wound
in the form of a short lap or bobbin called a ball; in these machines
the yarn is wound on a plain spool with a collar at each end. Now my
Invention consists in making these spools with corrugated surfaces to
prevent the first layers of yarn from spreading laterally; I also cover
the friction rollers of these machines with woollen cloth or leather or
other elastic substance to increase the friction and to prevent the yarn
being cut by pressure. In these machines a traversing motion is given
to the spout through which the yarns pass on their way to the lap; and
one part of my Invention consists in certain arrangments of machinery
by which the yarn is kept at a uniform tension during the traversing

page_text: motion. The yarns from the warp beam are taken over a rail supported
by a spring, they then pass through a fixed spout, and then after passing
over an arched guide rail they pass through the traversing spout, which is
moved to and fro by a heart or cam acting on a lever, and in order to
increase the action of the heart I cause a pinion on the bar moved by
the heart to gear below into a fixed rack, and above into a rack con-
nected to the traverse motion. The curve of the arched guide rail
compensates for the different distances between the fixed and the
traversing spouts, or this difference may be compensated for by con-
necting the spouts to elbow links, or the traversing spout may be fixed
to the end of a radial arm bearing upon the yarn wound upon the
bobbin, and the uniform tension is preserved by causing the yarn to
pass over an arched guide rail as above described. The under surface of
the arched guide rail is straight and rests upon the radial arm.
Another part of my Invention consists in applying the winding or
balling machine above referred to to the ordinary beaming machine,
and in conveying the yarns drawn off the bobbins in the creel through
the upper parts of the beaming machine, and thence to the balling
machine, by which combination the winding of the yarn on a beam
and the operations of chaining and making up are dispensed with,
thereby economising labor and expense and producing a warp wound on
a ball ready for carriage in one operation from the creels.
THE PORTABLE ADJUSTING POINTS FOR TRAMWAYS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Alexander Barker and
David Jones at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 22nd November 1872.
JOHN ALEXANDER BARKER, Iron Merchant, 54, Bishopsgate Street
Within, London, and DAVID JONES, Mechanic, 8, Margeret Street,
Upper North Street, Poplar, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "THE PORTABLE ADJUSTING POINTS FOR TRAMWAYS," to
be as follows :-
An article to be carried with each car, "and in case of stoppage of
the way, or accident, necessitating the removal of the car from the
line upon which it was travelling," to be used to lead off the car,
" either to the right or left hand" without straining it or damaging
the axles or axle boxes, and also to replace the car upon the tramway
without jerking, straining, or in any way injuring the car or tramway,
and thereby facilitating the traffic on tramways.
AN IMPROVED TRAIL OF FIELD GUNS, DISPENSING WITH LIMBERING AND UNLIMBERING
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Horace A. Vernon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd February 1872.
I, HORACE A. VERNON, Corporal, Royal Artillery, of Tilbury Fort,
in the County of Essex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED TRAIL OF FIELD GUNS, DISPENSING WITH
LIMBERING AND UNLIMBERING," to be as follows:
The object of my Invention is to dispense with the necessity of
unlimbering a field gun before firing and of limbering up after action,
so that the gun carriage and limber shall not be detached. However
rapidly the operations of unlimbering and limbering up may be
performed, they involve the expenditure of labour and of time, and that
at critical periods when the bringing of a gun into action or removing
it from the field may be of vital importance.
And the principle of my Invention consists of the use of graduated
springs placed in a box or case under the gun carriage, which
neutralise the recoil of the gun, and prevent any injurious action
on the limber carriage, which remains united to the gun carriage.
Under the body of the gun carriage in a recess made for it between

page_text: it and the axletree, which is also recessed to receive it, there is
placed a case or box of iron in which is fitted a recoil slide to
which four or more springs are adjusted of such resisting power that
when the gun is fired the carriage body runs back along the recoil slide,
forcing in the springs, by which means the recoil is checked. The recoil
slide is swivelled into or otherwise connected with a bar or rod of iron
passing under the limber boxes and over the axletree of the limber
carriage. To this bar or rod is attached an apparatus consisting of a
crank, pivot rollers, and chain for adjusting the trail of the gun, so
that it may be worked right or left as required.
This apparatus admits of being readily worked by the gunners or
others on the limber carriage, and gives complete command over the
trail of the gun. There are also attached to the limber carriage two
clamps or brakes, which may be raised or lowered at will, and which
when lowered clutch the wheels and prevent their moving.
IMPROVED APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR REGULATING THE SUPPLY OR FLOW OF GAS TO BURNERS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Corp Rogers at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th June 1872.
I, WILLIAM CORP ROGERS, of No. 1, Basinghall Street, in the City
of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR REGULATING THE SUPPLY OR FLOW
OF GAS TO BURNERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to self-acting or automatic apparatus or
appliances for regulating the supply or flow of gas to burners; and
consists of two vessels in which a non-freezing and non-evaporating
liquid is placed to a certain height, and in which it is free to rise
and fall according to the pressure of the supply from the main. One
of the vessels contains a float, the upper part of which is preferably
of conical shape for lodging upon a scating arranged above the inlet
aperture, the conical or other valve having a slit or passage through it
sufficient to supply, say, one burner at all times. The two vessels are
in proximity, and the aperture through which the liquid is free to pass
is at or near the bottom. By this means the liquid is caused to descend
in one vessel and to rise in the other under an excessive pressure from

page_text: the main, consequently the moat ascenus in proportion and checks the
flow to the burners.
The advantage of this plan is that after the apparatus is set and
fixed in position for the required number of lights for producing steady
and regular flames, a diminution of pressure opens the valve the more,
and the greater the pressure the more the valve is closed.
I do not confine myself to using one valve only, as any number of
them can be employed in the same apparatus, or several apparatus can
be employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF REVERSIBLE TWILL CLOTH
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gomersall and James
France Gomersall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
with their Petition, on the 8th July 1872. .
We, JOHN GOMERSALL and JAMES FRANCE GOMERSALL, both of
Dewsbury, in the County of York, Woollen Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF REVERSIBLE TWILL CLOTH," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture or production of a new or
improved reversible twill cloth which we term "reversible worsted
twill," and in the manufacture thereof we dispense with the milling
face, raising and pressing processes, and so reduce the cost of production
of such fabrics while effecting an improved appearance and a more
durable fabric. In such manufacture we use a cotton or woollen warp
and a worsted weft, by preference made from wool, waste mungo, and
shody. The twist of the weft is “ open band" or the reverse way to
the twist of ordinary weft. In the weaving we employ box looms and

page_text: jacquard apparatus, the latter being arranged so as to throw the twill
the opposite way or contrary direction to that of ordinary twills.
In the finishing of such cloth we cross or cut it in the balk, raise the
back, and afterwards dye to any required color, this being followed by
steaming and brushing which completes the manufacture.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRAWING OFF LIQUIDS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Gaskell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
January 1872.
I, PETER GASKELL, of Stafford Street, Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRAWING OFF LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
:-
In drawing off liquids from a cask by means of a pump I insert a cock
in the rising main which shall have a lever so arranged that when a
supply of liquid is required from the cask or vessel, the lever used for
working the pump shall before acting on the liquid first open the stop-
cock, and allow it to remain open until the supply of liquid required by
that movement is obtained, and shall on returning the lever of the pump
close the stop-cock until again required.
Besides using the stop-cock for this purpose, I also cause it to vent the
vessel or cask by attaching a tube so that on opening the waterway for
liquid, it shall also open an aperture for the admission of atmospheric air,
and closing it on the return stroke of the pump lever.

page_text: In drawing off from a cask or vessel, I simply make an aperture for
the admission of the air in the plug of any ordinary cock, and when the
waterway is opened in the cock it will admit the air as a vent, and I
couple this vent by a tube to a plug vent placed at any convenient
position in the cask above the water line.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN LOCKS, KEYS, AND BOX STAPLES
Year: 1872

page_text: . LETTERS PATENT to Robert Nash, of 27, Albion Square, Dalston,
London, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention
of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN LOCKS, KEYS, AND BOX STAPLES."
Sealed the 7th May 1872, and dated the 4th March 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Nash at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th March 1872.
I, ROBERT NASH, of 27, Albion Square, Dalston, London, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN LOCKS, KEYS, AND BOX STAPLES," to
be as follows:-
1
I construct my lock in a peculiar manner on the Archimedean
eccentric principle, which requires a peculiar key on the Archimedean
eccentric principle, and also box staple.
By this Invention one Archimedean eccentric key with bites placed
at different angles enters into many key-holes, each key hole being placed

page_text: at a different angle, and each key hole guarded by a separate shield or
plate; and each bolt is placed in a distinct division of the lock, and
thrown backward and forward by a separate bite of the Archimedean
eccentric key. And all the bolts are protected by the said shields or
plates at the point of contact, and also when thrown forward in the
box staple or other place of security in the same.
This Invention is intended for the more perfectly securing safes, strong
rooms, chests, doors, and padlocks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BURRING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Walton Whitehead at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th November 1872.
I, HENRY WALTON WHITEHEAD, of Holbeck, in the Parish of Leeds,
in the County of York, a Partner in the Firm of Taylor, Wordsworth,
& Co., of the same Place, Machine and Tool Makers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
BURRING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The object of my improvements is to burr and clean combing wools,
not on any particular burring machine as is usually used for short wools,
but on burring apparatus attached to ordinary carding engines. For
this purpose a burr cylinder is placed between the feeding rollers and
the swift, and is covered with raw wire, or card clothing, or combs
or blades, as generally used in burring machines. Or the breast of the
carding engine may be used for the same purpose, suitably covered with
clothing or combs. The burr cylinder or the breast, as the case may be,
receives the wool from the feeding rollers and delivers the wool by
means of strippers or brushes to the carding engine.

page_text: The burring and cleaning of the wool is effected by revolving beaters,
rippled rollers, or revolving guards, which running at high speed strip
the burr cylinders and deliver the impurities into suitable receptacles.
In order to bring the burrs or other impurities more properly in the
grasp of the beaters, adjustable toothed plates or knives may be
applied in connection with the beaters.
°
For very seedy and burry wools one or more beaters with receptacles
may be placed at different parts of the periphery of the swifts and
doffers of ordinary carding engines, which will finish the burring and
cleaning process of the wool very well if the clothing of the cylinders
and the speed of the beaters have been properly chosen.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE OR COMPOSITIONS SUITABLE FOR PAVEMENTS, ARCHITECTURAL AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Jaynor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
August 1872.
I, ALBERT JAYNOR, of Regent's Park, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE OR COMPOSITIONS SUITABLE FOR PAVEMENTS,
ARCHITECTURAL AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the production or manu-
facture of artificial stone or compositions by treating and combining
certain materials in such manner as to render them capable of being
moulded into blocks, slabs, or other forms suitable for being employed
for paving or covering roads, floors, or other surfaces, or for building and
other purposes.
One third or thereabouts of my improved composition for the manu-
facture of artificial stone consists of equal parts of gypsum, or plaster of
Paris, or other similar cement, and rosin (or its equivalent). The other
two-thirds of the composition consists of sand or of sand and small or
broken stones or gravel.

page_text: The rosin is first melted in an iron or other boiler arranged with
suitable stirring apparatus, the gypsum or other similar cement is then
thoroughly stirred into it until it becomes a tough thick mass, when
crude petroleum oil is gradually stirred into the mass until it assumes
the consistence of treacle.
At the boiling point of the above described compound the proportion
of about two-thirds of sand is gradually added thereto and thoroughly
stirred into and amalgamated therewith so as to form it into a perfectly
homogeneous mass. The sand (gravel or small stones) before being
mixed with the other ingredients is previously saturated with diluted
sulphuric acid of about one pound of sulphuric acid of commerce to ten
gallons of water.
The sulphuric acid acts to decompose the rosin and eliminate the oil.
When the above ingredients are well amalgamated together about onc
pound of ground sulphur to twenty pounds of the composition is incor-
porated therewith in order to harden the mass; when cold the degree of
hardness varying according to the quantity of sulphur and sulphuric
acid introduced into the compound.
Coloring matter may be introduced into the composition in the course
of manufacture, and marbled or other ornamental effects may be
imparted thereto. The composition whilst hot and in a semifluid state
is run into iron or other moulds to form it into blocks or slabs for
paving or covering roads, floors, or other surfaces, or it may be moulded
into ornamental forms or statuary suitable for architectural and other
purposes.
By moulding the composition in or upon glass or other highly
polished moulds or surfaces a perfectly smooth surface is imparted to
the moulded blocks, slabs, or other forms thus manufactured.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CAMP BEDSTEADS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Percival at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st May 1872.
I, WILLIAM HENRY PERCIVAL, of Aldershot, in the County of Hants,
3 do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CAMP BEDSTEADS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in trestle camp bedsteads, and
consists in a device for strengthening the legs or trestles of the same, and
also in a method of fixing the pillow head. In constructing these
folding bedsteads it is desirable to make them as light as possible,
consistent with strength, for the sake of portability. With this object
the frame is usually made of wood, and the legs are crossed and pivoted
together near the middle in the form of trestles. Between the legs
of each trestle at the joint I interpose a metal plate loose on the pivot,
and-bent-or-flanged so as to take under the legs and form stops, which
limit the expanding movement of the legs and prevent the bedstead
sinking through the stretching of the canvas sacking which forms tho
covering of the bedstead. After considerable use these stops do not

page_text: interfere with the folding of the bedstead, and adjust themselves to the
legs when the bedstead is opened.
The pillow head of the bedstead consists of a piece of sacking
supported by two wooden pins, which are fixed by passing each through
a metal eye fixed to the end of each side frame and then screwing them 5
into the head trestle, whereby the latter is rigidly stayed and prevented
from doubling under by the weight of the occupant, to which it has a
tendency if not firmly stayed, while the head piece is at same time
securely fixed in position.
AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF FOLDING FRAME, APPLICABLE TO BASKETS, GUERIDONS, OR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Hébert at the Office-of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
December 1872.
I, JULES HÉBERT, of Rue Laffite, Nos. 1 and 3, at Paris, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
SYSTEM OF FOLDING FRAME, APPLICABLE TO BASKETS, GUERIDONS, OR OTHER
SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the construction of work baskets, light
gueridons, and similar articles in such a manner that they can be readily
folded up into small space and compact form, and rendered conveniently
portable. For this purpose I construct such articles with a ribbed
framing made to act in the manner of an umbrella fitted at each end of
a stem; the upper framing may consist of a number of ribs curved or
straight, covered with a fabric plain or ornamented. This when
unfolded may form a work basket or stand for artificial flowers, or a
receptacle for other light objects. Or by arranging the ribs so as to
unfold in a level plane and covering them inside with fabric a light
table may be formed. The ribs at the lower end of the stem when
•

page_text: unfolded form the feet of the basket, gueridon, or table, and for this
purpose they need not exceed three or four in number, and they also
may be covered with fabric plain, scalloped, or otherwise ornamented.
The stem may be one continuous piece of wood or other suitable
material, or tube provided with latches and slides in a manner similar
to the stick of an umbrella; or in order to render the article more
portable when folded up the stem may be jointed in the middle, so that
the one half with its ribs may be folded over the other half. In such a
case the joint of the stem may be made so that the one part screws to
the other part, or the two parts may be connected by an internal helical
spring which can bend when the parts are folded over each other, and
which serves to draw the parts together so that the end of the one is made
to enter a socket at the end of the other when the parts are unfolded into
a straight line. Or the joint of the stem may be covered by a piece of
sliding tube in the manner usually adopted when parasols are made
with jointed stems.
It is obvious that the number and form of the ribs, and character of
the ornamentation of such articles which I call " Parisiennes," may be
varied so as to suit different tastes and the different purposes to which
they may be applied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DIS- CHARGING HORIZONTAL RETORTS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bell and Thomas Bell at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 11th April 1872.
We, JOHN BELL, junior, and Thomas Bell, both of Wishaw, in tho
County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DIS-
CHARGING HORIZONTAL RETORTS," to be as follows :—
This Invention relates to simple and convenient apparatus to be
worked. by steam power, and to be used instead of the ordinary laborious
and troublesome operation of discharging horizontal retorts by hand.
In carrying out the Invention, a small locomotive steam engine is
arranged to run on rails in front of a bench of retorts or between two
benches of retorts facing each other. The driving wheels are actuated
through gearing which can be disengaged, and a pinion can be engaged
so as to act on a transverse horizontal rack bar carried by the locomotive.
A rake bar is provided that can be fixed upon cither end of the rack bar
to suit the retorts on either side, and this rako bar is furnished with
rakes or plates which are jointed to the bar, so as to close or partly closo

page_text: when the bar is pushed into a retort, and to open and grasp the materials
in the retort when the bar is drawn out again. The rake bar is moved
into and withdrawn from each retort as required by the action of the
engine on the rack bar, and the materials thus drawn out of the retort
fall into small wagons running on rails close to the retorts and between
them and the locomotive.
when the bar is pushed into a retort, and to open and grasp the materials
in the retort when the bar is drawn out again. The rake bar is moved
into and withdrawn from each retort as required by the action of the
engine on the rack bar, and the materials thus drawn out of the retort
fall into small wagons running on rails close to the retorts and between t
them and the locomotive.
The apparatus is specially designed for retorts for distilling oils from
minerals, but is also applicable to other retorts.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MECHANISM FOR SIGNALLING IN RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Mortimer Evans, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "A
NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MECHANISM FOR SIGNALLING IN RAILWAY
TRAINS."
Sealed the 4th March 1873, and dated the 4th December 1872.
PROVISIONAL SECIFICATION left by the said Mortimer Evans at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th December 1872.
I, MORTIMER EVANS, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion of "A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MECHANISM FOR SIGNALLING IN
RAILWAY TRAINS," to be as follows, that is to say:
This Invention, which relates to signalling or effecting communication
between the passengers and guard or driver, or between the guard and

page_text: driver, or driver and guard of the train, consists in the employment of
the motive force of the train for generating electricity for operating
the signalling apparatus. The apparatus employed to effect this object
consists of a series of permanent magnets arranged on one or more
axles of the engine or carriage wheels, or the axles of other vehicles
constituting the train, and which magnets in rotating. with the axles
generate electricity. A conductor is situate in connection with each
carriage and with the magnets, and communication is effected between
the carriages throughout the train by jambing a metal block by means
of a cam handle between that handle which constitutes the end of the
conductor of one carriage and a powerful spring constituting the
adjacent end of the conductor of the preceding or succeeding carriage.
The current so established throughout the train is a positive or constant
current, and when it is desired to communicate from any carriage or
compartment of the train with the driver or guard, the said communica-
tion is effected by pulling a handle or ring conveniently situate within
the said carriage or compartment. This has the effect of breaking
contact and sounding an electric bell or bells on the engine or guard's
van, and at the same time of raising an indicator which shews to the
guard or driver the carriage or compartment of the train from which
the signal proceeds.
Ordinary transmitting keys are provided on the engine and guard's
van, by means of which signals may be conveyed from the driver to the
guard, or from guard to driver of the train.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND IN THE APPARATUS- EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Macfarlane and Robert
Macfarlane at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 10th August 1872.
•
We, DANIEL MACFARLANE and ROBERT MACFARLANE, both of Paisley,.
in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature.
of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND IN THE APPARATUS-
EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows, that is to say:
This Invention which relates to improvements in that class of
machines used in the dyeing of yarn or other similar material, known
as the "chain dyeing machine," consists in rendering the machine self-
feeding, in lieu of the yarn or other similar material being fed into it by
hand labour.as.hitherto..
The mechanism consists of a square or other rectangular or polygonal
reel, which is suspended in a framing at the front part of the machine.
-Situated in front of the said reclare a number of smaller reels, which are
also rectangular or polygonal; and these are carried in a frame placed at
an angle to the larger reel. The yarn or other similar material is

page_text: passed over the larger reel, thence between guides, and over the smaller
reels, from which it is conducted into the tank of the chain dyeing
machine. The feed of yarn or other similar material is rendered con-
tinuous by the large reel, and the smaller reels pick up any slack in the
yarn or other similar material passing over them.
AN IMPROVED Box
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Henry at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd May
1872.—A communication from abroad by the Société E. Peltier and
A. Paillard, of 17, Boulevart Saint Martin, Paris, France.
I, MICHAEL HENRY, of Fleet Chambers, 68, Fleet Street, in the City
of London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "AN IMPROVED Box," communicated to me from abroad by
the Société E. Peltier and A. Paillard, of 17, Boulevart Saint Martin,
Paris, France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved manufacture of box useful for
holding various substances, especially such as powder, snuff, lucifers,
bonbons, and other articles or matters.
The improved box, which is made of metal, is composed of two parts,
the body of the box and the lid; these are connected without a hinge
pin. The box is opened by pressure at front, the back edge of the box
facilitating the opening. The lip or flange of the lid laps over the top
front edge of the box.
The box and lid are separately cut, punched out, or formed. Holes

page_text: the upper part with conical or bell-mouthed projecting sides or edges,
something like an eyelet. There is such a hole on each side. Holes to
receive these are formed in lugs, one on each side of the cover or lid.
By inserting the projecting sides of the holes in the box into the holes
of the lid, and then pressing the projecting rims, as is done with eyelets,
the lid is jointed to or connected with the box, and will readily open and
close; or the eyelets may be on the lid and the holes to receive them on
the box. The front edge of the lid is bent over, and a depression or
furrow is made in it at or near the centre of its depth for its whole
length. A similar or corresponding depression or furrow is made in the
front edge of the box, so that the lid edge may close over the box edge
and hold firmly, thus forming a secure fastening. The back edge of the
box is extended upward, and this extended edge is bent over at an angle
rather greater than a right angle, so as to present a sloping or inclined
surface. This bent part acts as a spring, and tends to lift the cover or 1
lid when pressure is exerted at the front.
The ha
In- PROVEMENTS IN ELEVATORS FOR RAIsing and StackinG HAY, CORN, STRAW, AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel George Soame at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th April 1872.
I, SAMUEL GEORGE SOAME, of Marsham, in the County of Norfolk,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN ELEVATORS FOR RAIsing and StackinG HAY, CORN, STRAW, AND
OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:—
One of my improvements has reference to that construction of
elevators wherein motion is imparted to the carrier chains or bands
by a horse wheel and lever. Instead of arranging such horse wheel
as heretofore I arrange the same above and in the axial line of the
centre bolt of the fore wheels of the machine so that the horse in
turning the horse wheel passes under the framing of the machine
between the fore and hind wheels. For this purpose I fix under the
fore part of the framing a cylindrical casting or pillar, the lower end
of which is made hollow to receive the centre bolt of the fore wheels,
so that the framing rests upon the fore wheels by means of such pillar,
and upon the upper part of the pillar I place the horse wheel which
together with the horse lever revolves loose upon the pillar. By this
improved construction the framing of the machine can be made much
shorter than usual.

page_text: Another improvement consists in gearing together the spindles of the
carrier wheels or drums at the upper and lower end of the trough of an
elevator by means of a spindle or shaft extending from the one drum
spindle to the other, and having bevil pinions at each end gearing into
bevil pinions on the said spindles, so that the driving power will be ¦
applied to both spindles equally. By this means the carrier chains or
bands will be prevented from slipping and the strain equalized.
Another improvement consists in providing the machine with a
second feeding trough which can be attached when required in such
manner that both feeding troughs deliver on to one and the same 1
elevating trough, whereby two waggons are enabled to unload at the
same time.
Another improvement consists in providing the carriers with wheels
at each end so that they travel upon such wheels along the trough
instead of sliding upon the same.
1
Another improvement consists in mounting the hind wheels of the
machine and connecting them by gearing in such a manner that they
may be turned simultaneously to a position at right angles to their
travelling position in order that for delivering the hay, straw, or other
substance on to different parts of the stack the machine may be readily?
moved to the right or left in order to bring the upper end of the trough
to the required position.