IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPING ENGINES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Adam Carr, of Paterson, and James Arthur, of Jersey City,
both in the State of New Jersey, United States of America, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPING ENGINES."
Sealed the 29th September 1877, and dated the 5th April 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Adam Carr and James
Arthur at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th April
1877.
ADAM CARR, of Paterson, and JAMES ARTHUR, of Jersey City, both in the
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPING
State of New Jersey, United States of America.
ENGINES."
The steam cylinder is in line with the water cylinder, and the respective pistons
are connected directly by the piston rod passing through the heads that stand face
to face. Between these heads is a cross head or arm upon the piston rod that works
an air pump and a feed water pump, these latter being at the sides of and parallel
with the steam and water cylinders.
Above the water cylinder is a surface condenser, and the water that is pumped
passes through such condenser and around the tubes thereof, so that the condenser
is cooled by the water that is pumped. A valve located between the steam chest
and the condenser is constructed to open automatically if there is any back or
surplus pressure, and it may also be opened by hand to allow the steam to exhaust
to the atmosphere instead of the condenser. The pump is made as a cylindrical
plunger or piston moving back and forth through ring packings.
We also employ a compound steam engine made by the addition of a second or
low pressure steam cylinder of larger diameter in the rear of and in line with the
aforesaid steam cylinder, and we use a rocker or lever worked from the aforesaid
cross head to move an auxiliary valve that admits steam to move a piston that
actuates the main steam valve, and there is a guard rocker or lever connected to the
rod of the main steam valve so as to ensure the motion thereof from the cross head
when starting the engine.

page_text: The rod of the main steam valve extends to and is connected with the valve of
the second steam cylinder, so that the two must move harmonious, and the steam
from the first cylinder passes into the second larger engine, and expands therein in
the manner known in compound engines, but we make use of a peculiar valve and
valve chest, wheroby live steam from the boiler may be admitted to the second
cylinder in aid of the steam passing from the first cylinder, or the steam from the
first cylinder may be allowed to pass directly to the condenser.
By these improvements the pump is made entirely direct acting, there is a great
economy in working the same, and as occasion may require, the power of the engine
can be greatly increased, which is of great importance in water works, where tho
stationary engine is employed through the system of pipes in the streets as the
means for extinguishing fires.
In some cases it is desirable to make use of a condeuser in the suction pipe
leading to the pump; in that case the steam is led into the water space through a
pipe that passes through the water nozzle, so that the water is drawn in a cylindrical
jet around the steam, and the steam thereby condensed by the action of the jet.
There is to be a check valve in the suction pipe, and it is preferable to have the
steam and water jets flowing together in a downward direction. Only so much of
the water as is necessary to condense the steam passes into the jet chamber.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Adam Carr and James Arthur in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 5th October 1877.
ADAM CARR, of Paterson, and JAMES ARTHUR, of Jersey City, both in the
State of New Jersey, United States of America. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPING
ENGINES."
The steam cylinder is in line with the water cylinder, and the respective pistons
are connected directly by the piston rod passing through the heads that stand facu
to face. Between these heads is a cross head or arm upon the piston rod that works
an air pump and a feed water pump, these latter being at the sides of and parallel
with the steam and water cylinders.
Above the water cylinder is a surface condenser, and the water that is pumped
passes through such condenser and around the tubes thereof, so that the condenser
is cooled by the water that is pumped. A valve located between the steam chest
and the condenser is constructed to open automatically if there is any back or
surplus pressure, and it may also be opened by hand to allow the steam to exhaust
to the atmosphere instead of the condenser. The pump is made as a cylindrical
plunger or piston moving back and forth through ring packings.
In the Drawing Fig. 1 is an elevation of the pumping engine with the exhaust
valve and chest in section, and Fig. 2 is a sectional plan of such condenser and
valve chest.
The steam cylinder a and pumping engine bare of any desired character, and we
have shown these as direct acting.
The condenser is made of the tubes & passing through the heads e, and those are
placed within the waterway of the pump, so that the water in passing to or from
the pump circulates around these tubes d, and between said heads c, the passage
ways for steam and water of condensation being at the outsides of these heads e.
We have shown this condenser as placed above the pump in order that the water
of condensation may run by the pipe y to the air pump h, that is operated by an
arm from the cross head of the steam pump, and the feed water plunger 4, is
also connected to this same cross head.
The pipe m couveys the exhaust steam from the ongine to the condenser, and by
placing a valve chest n at the side of the steam chest o, and allowing the steam to

page_text: pass through the ports
I reacting as pipo me, wo are avicu v
valve over these ports 2 and 3. This valve is in a frames, by means of which
it can be moved to uncover the port 2, and allow the steam to pass away to the
atmosphere; but while this valve is over the ports 2 and 3 it may be lifted in the
yoke by surplus pressure should the condenser not be sufficient to maintain a
vacuum, thereby preventing undue back pressure upon the engine, and a weight t
may be employed to keep the valve to its seat with any desired force.
We also employ a compound steam engine made by the addition of a second or
low-pressure steam cylinder of larger diameter in the rear of and in line with the
aforesaid steam cylinder, and we use a rocker or lever worked from the aforesaid
cross head to move an auxiliary valve that admits steam to move a piston that
actuates the main steam valvo, and there is a guard rocker or lever connected to the
rod of the main steam valve so as to ensure the motion thereof from the cross head
when starting the engine.
The rod of the main steam valve extends to and is connected with the valvo
of the second steam cylinder, so that the two must move harmonious, and the
steam from the first cylinder passes into the second larger engine and expands
thereiu in the manner known in compound engines, but we make use of a
peculiar valve and valve chest, whereby live steam from the boiler may be
admitted to the second cylinder in aid of the steam passing from the first
cylinder, or the steam from the first cylinder may be allowed to pass directly to the
condenser.
By these improvements the pump is made entirely direct-acting; there is great
economy in working the same, and, as occasion may require, the power of the engine
can be greatly increased, which is of great importance in water works, where the
stationary engine is employed through the system of pipes in the streets as the
means for extinguishing fires.
Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal section of the compound engine and pump; Fig. +
is a cross section at the line c, x, and Fig. 5 is a partial sectional plan.
Referring to Figs. 3, 4, and 5, the pump cylinder a, piston b, inlot a², outlet 1,
and valves are of any desired character, and those shown illustrate the connection
of a pump with the other parts. The small steam cylinder is provided with a
piston, and the piston rod c¹ extends to the cross head ³, and is in line with the
rod of the pump.
The steam ports, small auxiliary e, main valve f, and valve operating piston el
in the cylinder f, are similar to those in Letters Patent, No. 3611, granted in
Great Britain, November 30, 1872, and therefore do not require to be further
described herein except to say that the secondary valve is connected by the valve
rod 2 to a rocker that moves upon the center gudgeon 3, and is actuated by
the roller 4 upon the cross head as the piston completes its stroke at the respective
ends.
When the engine is cold it sometimes happens that the steam pressure
admitted by the secondary valve does not act with sufficient rapidity in the
cylinder c to move the piston d and main valve; hence the engine piston may
thump against the cylinder heads. To obviate this, and to prevent the possibility
of accident from any temporary derangement of the parts, we employ the guard
rocker that is preferably made in two parts, so as to be at each side of the rocker g,
and swing upon the same gudgeon, and from the upper end of this guard rocker
there is a loop link, notched in the middle, to sit upon the rod h³, that is connected
with the valve-operating piston e', so that if that piston does not move fast enough
by the action of the steam, its movement at the proper time may be ensured by the
cross head acting upon the rocker before the stroke is completed.
The piston rod h¹ has upon it lock nuts 6 for the loop link to operate upon, and
these should be sufficiently far apart to allow the valve-moving piston to act by the
steam alone under ordinary circumstances, so that the guard rocker only comes in
action when the steam does not properly move the main valve and its piston.
The larger or secondary cylinder m of the compound engine is provided with a

page_text: piston n, the rod of which passes to the piston d of the high-pressure cylinder, so
that the two pistons move together, one in aid of the other, and both exerting their
power upon the piston rods.
This feature of a compound engine we do not claim, but we have improved this
character of engine by combining it with a direct-acting pump, and by connecting
the valve o of the secondary cylinder with the valve-moving piston e' of the primary
engine, so that the steam acting upon this piston e' moves the valves of both engines
simultaneously to open and close the respective ports. Ordinarily the exhaust
steam from the primary engine passes by the pipe p to the valve chest of the
secondary engine, and the exhaust steam from the secondary cylinder passes by the
pipe r to the condenser.
In order to arrange this engine so that the secondary engine may be partially or
entirely supplied by live steam from the boiler, as occasion may require, we lead
the exhaust steam through the ports 9 and 10 in the divided steam chest, and
through the D slide valves that is placed over these ports, and said valve 8 is
operated by a handle 12, or other means, and the face 14 of this valve is wide
enough to cover the secondary exhaust port 15 when the face 16 of the valve » is
over the port 10; and this face is narrow, so that the exhaust steam can pass
through the port 10 at one side of such face 16, and the live steam will pass by the
pipe in at the other side.
8
The relative widths of these openings can be varied by moving the valve 8, and
by shifting the valve to the position shown by dotted lines in Fig. 3, the exhaust
from the primary engine will pass from 9 through the port 15 and pipe to the
exhaust "", and the steam from the boiler will go to the secondary cylinder by the
port 10, so that the secondary cylinder may be operated by the boiler steam or else
by the exhaust steam from the primary cylinder, as occasion may require.
The crosshead' is extended out as an arm d² (see Figs. 4 and 5), and connected
with the piston rod v of the air and water pump w of the condenser, which rod also
extends into the pump v, which pump serves to supply the boiler with water. By
this arrangement the feed-water pump and the condenser pump serve as guides to
the piston rod that is common to both, and this piston rod serves as a guide to
insure the parallel movement of the cross head that unites the respective piston
rods and actuates the valve rocker.
It will be apparent that the guard rocker might be connected to the second or
main valve of the engine, instead of the piston shown, to move the said valve.
In some cases it is desirable to make use of a condenser in the suction pipe
leading to the pump; in that case the steam is led into the water spaco through a
dipo that passes through the water nozzle, so that the water is drawn in a cylindrical
jet around the sto ain, and tho steam thereby condensed by the action of the jet.
There is to be a check valve in the suction pipe, and it is preferable to have the
steam and water jets flowing together in a downward direction. Ouly so much of
the water as is necessary to condense the steam passes into the jet chamber.
In the section, Fig. 6, the air pump w is represented, together with the condensing
devices last named. The exhaust steam passes downwardly through the pipe (*,and
the water necessary to condense the same is drawn in through the surrounding
annular space so as to condense the steam by direct contact therewith. The
pump w removes the water of condensation and discharges the same through the
outlet valves preferably into the same discharge pipe as the water from the main
cy linder.
What we claim as our Invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is,―
First. The combination with a pumping engine of a surface condenser placed in
the waterway above the water pump, an air pump adjacent to the water pump, and
a connection to the steam piston rod, substantially as specified.
Second. The combination with a pumping engine and surface condenser of a valve
placed in the exhaust passage way, and arranged to lift automatically by surplus
pressure, or to be moved to allow the steam to escape to the atmosphere, as set
forth,

page_text: Third. The guard rocker h, Figs. 3 & 4, connected to the valve-moving piston,
in combination with the small auxiliary valve e, substantially as set forth.
Fourth. The combination with the small auxiliary valve and its rod and rocker,
of a guard rocker or lever connected with a second valve in the engine, substantially
as set forth.
Fifth. The combination with a compound engine and pump in which the piston
rods are in line with each other, of a rocking-lever valve and valve rod receiving
motion directly from the piston rod of such engine, substantially as set forth.
Sixth. The pump and high and low pressure steam cylinders, Figs. 3, 4, and 5,
arranged in line with each other, in combination with the arm, feed-water
pump, and air pump w, at opposite ends of the piston rod v, substantially as
specified.
Seventh. The combination with the pump of the steam pipe and anuular
waterway around the lower part of said pipe 2, substantially as and for the
purposes specified.
In witness whereof, we, the said Adam Carr and James Arthur, have here-
unto set our hands and seals, this 12 day of September, A.D. 1877.
20
Witnesses,
SAMUEL H. HILTON.
JAMES K. KING.
ADAM CARR.
(L.S.)
as to both.
} as to
" "
JAMES ARTHUR. (L.B.)