IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OR CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES TO RENDER THE COMBUSTION OF THE FUEL MORE COMPLETE, AND TO PREVENT THE EMISSION OF SMOKE THEREFROM
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jean Baptiste Pierre Alfred Thierry, Engineer, of
Paris, 91, Rue des Marais, St. Martin, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OR CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES TO RENDER THE
COMBUSTION OF THE FUEL MORE COMPLETE, AND TO PREVENT THE EMISSION OF
SMOKE THEREFROM."
Sealed the 16th October 1863, and dated the 7th May 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jean Baptiste Pierre
Alfred Thierry at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 7th May 1863.
I, JEAN BAPTISTE PIERRE ALFRED THIERRY, Engineer, of Paris, 91, Rue
des Marais, St. Martin, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OR CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES TO RENDER
THE COMBUSTION OF THE FUEL MORE COMPLETE, AND TO PREVENT THE EMISSION
OF SMOKE THERE FROM," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to procure a more complete combustion of
This
the fuel in the furnaces, and to prevent thereby the emission of smoke.
I effect by blowing in against the bridge of the furnace, by preference, from
the front of the fire-place through one or several jets, superheated dried steam,
which being by intense heat freed of its hydrogen, offers to the fire a gaseous
combination of carbonic acid gas, oxygen, and azote, and so intensifies the
combustion as to prevent the emission of smoke; the steam so used should be
at a temperature of about 300° to 600° centigrade or over. The blast of super-
Price 8d1

page_text: heated dry steam can be applied in various ways, according to circumstances.
I also sometimes allow atmospheric air to be blown in in combination with the
steam, which is best practised by placing an open pipe at the side of the steam
jet, the air being thus drawn in in combination with the steam. The super-
heating of steam for the above purpose is obtained, by preference, either by
means of a worm which is placed in or near the fire-place of the furnace, or
by means of a distinct moveable or stationary apparatus. By preference the
steam is drawn from the dome or steam chest of the boiler, a pipe brings it
down into the superheating apparatus, which delivers it to the blowing pipe or
pipes. Such pipes and apparatus are all provided with the cocks and exhaust
tubes necessary for the proper working and regulation of the different parts of
the arrangement. The pipes can be made of any suitable substance; when
made of iron or cast iron they are, by preference, protected against the action
of the fire by a coating of platinum, or fire-clay, or porcelain, or of some other
highly refractory substance. Small platina, or porcelain, or fire-clay caps can
also be placed inside the blowing tube, in order to protect the blowing end,
which is most exposed to the heat, against destruction. In all such cases I
maintain, by preference, the usual supply of air to the combustion through the
furnace or pit-door by any of the well-known regulating contrivances.
In applying my dry steam blowing apparatus to a common steam boiler
furnace, a pipe with suitable valves brings the steam down to the superheating
apparatus, which consists of a coil of pipes extending more or less along the
fire-place of the furnace, by preference protected from a direct action of
the fire. The coil ends in a horizontal tube parallel to the front face of the
furnace, and placed inside the fire-place, just above the door of the furnace.
This tube, which I call the blow-pipe, is bored on the side which faces the
fire with one or several holes, so as to allow the exit of the steam, and the said
hole or holes may be provided with jet pipes of suitable form and material. It
is preferable that the jets should be so arranged as to cause the blast of steam
to cover the whole vertical face of the bridge, as it then entirely embraces the
combustion. The blow-pipe and the feeding pipe are provided with cocks.
In locomotive boilers of the ordinary form employ the following for pro-
tecting the superheating pipes from a direct action of the fire in locomotive
boilers: A hollow seat is bolted over the entrance of the fire-box against the
inside face of the boiler, with which it is made to communicate; the super-
heating pipe is placed on the seat, and is thus protected from a direct action of
the combustion. When constructing new boilers, however, I make them with
suitable recesses in the inside face for receiving the superheating pipe or
pipes.

page_text: In arranging puddling and reverberatory furnaces I employ a combined
blast of air and steam, which I apply in the following manner: A large pipe
of fire-clay, iron, or other suitable substance is lodged in the masonry of the
furnace, its outer end receives the blow-pipe from the superheating apparatus,
and an open pipe, which may, however, be closed at its outer end; this latter
admits, when open, atmospheric air to the furnace, the same being drawn in
by the draft occasioned by the jet of steam. The inside end of the large pipe
has one or several holes or splits, which are so placed or made as to give the
blast the requisite direction.
In steamers and locomotive engines I arrange the blow pipe in the following
manner, when it is convenient to have the same placed outside the furnace :-
A hollow cross bar with ways for the jet pipes of the blow-pipe is lodged inside
the front casing of the boiler, over the fire-door, and when it is requisite to
apply the blast the jet tubes are merely placed through the ways in the cross
bar, the end of the feed-pipe being then screwd on either end of the blow-
pipe or on to a branch in the centre or other part of said pipe. The blow-
pipe is provided with suitable means of cleaning the jets.
When dry steam has to be provided to several fire-places, as in the case of
marine engines, I prefer to construct the superheating apparatus in the
following manner: The apparatus consists of a worm, which should be
proved to resist a high pressure. This worm is enclosed in a metallic casing
lined with fire-bricks, and is heated by a fire placed underneath the mid...
part of the worm, along which the produce of the combustion ascends into a
chimney. The steam is supplied to the worm from any suitable source, and
afterwards it passes as dry superheated steam to another pipe provided with
suitable cocks and pipes to screw on to the blow-pipes. On the exit pipe is
branched a smaller tube, through which the necessary supply of superheated
steam is fed to the blow-pipe for completing the combustion in the fire-place
of the apparatus and preventing emission of smoke. An exhaust valve placed
at the bottom of the worm allows of its being regulated when desired.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jean Baptiste Pierre Alfred Thierry in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 7th November 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JEAN
BAPTISTE PIERRE ALFRED THIERRY, Engineer, of Paris, 91, Rue des Marais,
St. Martin, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Jean Baptiste Pierre Alfred Thierry, Her special licence that I,
the said Jean Baptiste Pierre Alfred Thierry, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Jean Baptiste Pierre Alfred Thierry,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGE-
MENT OR CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES TO RENDER THE COMBUSTION OF THE FUEL MORE
COMPLETE, AND TO PREVENT THE EMISSION OF SMOKE THEREFROM,"
upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Jean Baptiste Pierre Alfred
Thierry, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jean Baptiste Pierre Alfred Thierry,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This
The object of my Invention is to procure a more complete combustion of
the fuel in the furnaces, and to prevent thereby the emission of smoke.
I effect by blowing in against the bridge of the furnace, by preference, from
the front of the fire-place through one or several jets superheated dried steam,
which, being by intense heat freed from its water, offers to the fire a gaseous
combination of carbonic acid gas, oxygen, and azote, and so intensifies the
combustion as to prevent the emission of smoke, the steam so used should be
at a temperature of about 300° to 600° Fahrenheit. The blast of superheated
dry steam can be applied in various ways according to circumstances. I also
sometimes allow atmospheric air to be blown in in combination with the
steam, which is best practised by placing an open pipe at the side of the steam
jet, the air being thus drawn in in combination with the steam. The super-
heating of steam for the above purpose is obtained, by preference, either by
means of a worm, which is placed in or near the fire-place of the furnace, or

page_text: by means of a distinct, moveable, or stationary apparatus. By preference the
steam is drawn from the dome or steam chest of the boiler, a pipe brings it down
into the superheating apparatus, which delivers it to the blowing pipe or pipes.
Such pipes and apparatus are all provided with the cocks and exhaust tubes
necessary for the proper working and regulation of the different parts of the
arrangement. The pipes can be made of any suitable substance; when made
of iron or cast iron they are, by preference, protected against the action of the
fire by a coating of platinum, or fire-clay, or porcelain, or of some other highly
refractory substance. Small platina. or porcelain, or fire-clay caps can also
be placed inside the blowing tube, in order to protect the blowing end, which
is most exposed to the heat, against destruction. In all such cases I maintain,
by preference, the usual supply of air to the combustion through the furnace
or pit door by any of the well-known regulating contrivances.
In applying my dry steam blowing apparatus to a common steam boiler
furnace a pipe with suitable valves brings the steam down to the superheating
apparatus, which consists of a coil of pipes extending more or less along the fire-
place of the furnace, and, by preference, protected from a direct action of the
fire. The coil ends in a horizontal tube parallel to the front face of the furnace,
and placed inside the fire-place just above the door of the furnace; this tube,
which I call the blow-pipe, is bored on the side which faces the fire with one
or several holes, so as to allow the exit of the steam, and the said hole or holes
may be provided with jet pipes of suitable form and material. It is preferable
that the jets should be so arranged as to cause the blast of steam to cover
the whole vertical fact of the bridge, as it then entirely embraces the
combustion. The blow-pipe and the feeding pipe are provided with cocks.
In locomotive boilers of the ordinary form I employ the following for pro-
tecting the superheating pipes from a direct action of the fire in locomotive
boilers: A hollow seat is bolted over the entrance of the fire-box against the
inside face of the boiler, with which it is made to communicate; the super-
heating pipe is placed on the seat, and is thus protected from a direct action
of the combustion. When constructing new boilers, however, I make them
with suitable recesses in the inside face for receiving the superheating
pipe or pipes.
In arranging puddling and reverberatory furnaces I employ a combined.
blast of air and steam, which I apply in the following manner: A large pipe
of fire-clay, iron, or other suitable substance is lodged in the masonry of the
furnace, its outer end receives the blow-pipe from the superheating apparatus,
and an open pipe, which may, however, be closed at its outer end; this latter
admits, when open, atmospheric air to the furnace, the same being drawn in by

page_text: the draft occasioned by the jet of steam; the inside end of the large pipe has
one or several holes or splits, which are so placed or made as to give the blast
the requisite direction.
In steamers and locomotive engines I arrange the blow-pipe in the following
manner: When it is convenient to have the same placed outside the furnace
a hollow cross bar, with ways for the jet pipes of the blow-pipe, is lodged
inside the front casing of the boiler over the fire-door, and when it is requisite
to apply the blast the jet tubes are merely placed through the ways in the
cross-bar, the end of the feed-pipe being then screwed on either end of the
blow-pipe, or on to a branch in the centre or other part of said pipe.
blow-pipe is provided with suitable means of cleaning the jets.
The
When dry steam has to be provided to several fire-places, as in the case of
marine engines, I prefer to construct the superheating apparatus in the fol-
lowing manner-The apparatus consists of a worm, which should be proved.
to resist a high pressure; this worm is enclosed in a metallic casing lined with
fire-bricks, and is heated by a fire placed underneath the middle part of the
worm, along which the produce of the combustion ascends into a chimney;
the steam is supplied to the worm from any suitable source, and afterwards it
passes as dry superheated steam to another pipe provided with suitable cocks
and pipes to screw on to the blow-pipes. On the exit pipe is branched a
smaller tube, through which the necessary supply of superheated steam is fed
to the blow-pipe for completing the combustion in the fire-place of the appa-
ratus, and preventing emission of smoke. An exhaust valve placed at the
bottom of the worm allows of its being regulated when desired.
The nature of my Invention being thus described, I would remark that the
effect produced by the blowing in of this superheated dried steam is entirely
new. It is with the object of realizing the advantages of complete combus-
tion of smoke, economy of fuel, and the employment of all kinds of fuel,
whether good or bad, that I have thought of blowing superheated steam into
the interior of the furnace of steam boilers generally, in the centre of the
gases in combustion, and of the flame which is developed in incandescent
furnaces, by causing my apparatus to blow in an inclined direction over the
coals, and by the current of air drawn in by the chimney. I have then arrived
at resolving practically the combustion of smoke with the employment of any
kind of fuel, and at introducing into the generation of steam a most economic
and perfectly new mode of operating, as I will now show by describing the
effects produced with my apparatus.
When superheated dried steam at a high temperature is blown upon
the burning fuel in the interior of furnaces it acts as a piston, and draws

page_text: in with it a quantity of air sufficient for the perfect combustion of the
gases disengaged from the incandescent fuel. This air obtained in sufficient
quantity and admitted by the openings applied to the doors of furnaces
or ash-pits, enters at once into combination with the superheated steam.
in the tubes or coils, and aids by its decomposition the formation of carbonic
acid. by becoming intimately mixed with the current of superheated steam,
which draws it in with more or less force, according to the more or less
active draft of the furnaces. Then it effects an immediate change in the
combustion of the coal, the fire assumes a clear and white hue, and acquires
a greater intensity according as to whether more or less steam is blown in,
and gives off no further trace of smoke. The oxide of carbon, carburetted
hydrogen, and the protocarburets of hydrogen are converted into carbonic
acid gas, oxygen, and azote, three colorless gases, and the most energetic
which can be obtained in the combustion of coal.
In carrying out the present Invention the steam injection pipe is caused to
serve the two purposes of superheater and of injector by giving to it the necessary
capacity and heating surface to superheat the steam it receives to the degree
of dry steam. This tube, which is placed in the interior of a furnace above
the door, should have the proportions of capacity and of heating surface
calculated to convert into vapor the particles of water drawn in by the steam
from the boiler and passing through the injector in such manner that it does
not leave the injector to be blown upon the fuel except in the state of steam
sufficiently dried. Engineers, by calculating very approximately and adding
50 per cent. to the capacities and surfaces given by the calculation, will obtain
an excellent result. Want of draft, due either to the smallness of the passages
or to the shortness of the chimneys, may be remedied by the action of a jet of
steam in the chimney. This jet of steam, distinct from that which aids the
draft of the furnace, will be taken from the boiler and conducted into the
chimney, where it will be arranged and projected as the jet employed in
certain locomotives and portable engines. During the working of these
engines, instead of the jet taken directly from the boiler, the steam escaping
from the cylinders may be substituted by causing it to escape into the chimney,
as is now practised. By the double combined action of blowing in the
furnace and the draft of air through the chimney, a complete combustion
of smoke may be obtained in every case, whether the engine is travelling or
working. It will often happen that the second means will be superfluous,
but I mention it for extreme cases, and in combination with the first.
It is useless to enlarge upon the numerous and important consequences
effected by these improvements in engines with imperfect draft, engineers

page_text: will appreciate them at a glance, absolute destruction of smoke in every
circumstance, utilization of every kind of fuel, from the most bituminous coals
to the hardest and most difficult of combustion,-substitution of coal for coke
in every case where till now coke is necessary, economy in cost and expense
of working of the apparatus,-expulsion of the clinkers, or of the slag running
naturally from the furnace, by means of their complete liquefaction, due to the
calorific power of the blowing,-reduction of the work of the fireman and
mechanics, considerable economy in cost of fuel,-increase in the power of
the machinery, &c.
I would state that in addition to employing a moveable superheater with
a coiled pipe or worm, I can further superheat the steam, either in the
interior of the flues of furnaces, in the passages for the gas and flame leading
to the lower part of the chimney of a furnace, or in the smoke boxes of loco-
motives and boilers having interior or tubular furnaces to enable me to adapt
it to all purposes to which superheated steam may be advantageously applied in
general industry, either for the combustion of smoke, or for giving motion to
machines, or for heating boilers and the vaporization of water, &c. For this
purpose the number of the tubes, whether of U-form adjusted and connected at
the end of each other, or of tubes bent backwards and forwards, or in spirals, or
in helical worms with the apex more or less acute, are arranged in such a
manner as to utilize in the operation all the heat lost in the atmosphere
escaping by the inlet and outlet openings. The principal means of this utiliza-
tion of the gases and of the heat lost are so simple that I think it will be
uscless to describe more than one application of it by means of the present
description. I have chosen for this purpose the ordinary furnace of a fixed
tubular steam boiler. The flame extinguished, or the gases still in combustion
at a mean temperature of 300 to 400 and 500 degrees, and even sometimes
hotter, arrive generally in all furnaces after traversing the flues to reunite at
the base of the chimney. I construct one or several arched flues, according to
the number of channels, flues, and furnaces employed in heating, in direct
communication with the principal flues serving primarily for the circulation of
the gases and of the heat. This flue, whether of brickwork, cast iron, sheet
iron, or any other metal, may be put into direct communication where the
gases leave with that of a furnace, to correspond, if possible, with it from end
to end. Dampers hermetically closing the communication between the two
flues, the direct and the supplementary one of which is for the purpose of
superheating the steam, permit at pleasure the causing the gases to flow from the
furnaces, either into the principal flue leading direct to the chimney or into the
intermediate flue, in the course of which I place my superheating apparatus

page_text: and so as to be able at will to shut off the communication between these two
parallel flues to cause the gases to flow through one of them, if not in both, at
the same time. All communication being capable of interruption with the
flue for superheating the steam by the simple closing of intercepting dampers,
I can at will repair it, clean it, and even reconstruct it without stopping the
working of the furnaces, inasmuch as it is only necessary previously to close
the dampers hermetically. If it should be desirable to make flues with elbows
at the ends I make these flues with rounded elbows. With the superheating
coil described in the Sheet hereunto annexed heated by the gases, either
burning or extinguished, escaping from the flues, or else with the moveable one
previously described, I can also apply a new mode of blowing in puddling and
re-melting furnaces, and in the blast furnaces, if convenient, and that the
oxidation of the cast iron proceeding from the mineral is not too active. For
this purpose I can utilize in the deoxidation and in the carburation of the cast
metal in mixture with superheated steam, and with air introduced into the
blast furnace, all kinds of oils, or of resinous or bituminous matters, in order
to carburate the cast iron in the sole, and according to whether it is more
useful to blow either higher or lower. This mode of blowing may be applied
to puddling and re-melting furnaces by means of a jet or of several jets of
steam introduced amongst the flame and the gases in combustion in the furnace
either by the aid of a transverse tube provided with small nibs, or by means of
small tubes flattened at their ends, to distribute the steam highly superheated
in thin sheets, and spread out in the form of a bat-wing upon the fuel by
blowing lower than the bridge of the furnaces, by taking care above all to
restrict the escape of the flame at the end of the sole at its entry into the small
furnace for melting ingots of metal, after having previously lowered the arch
of the sole as much as is necessary to beat down the flame upon the metal in
fusion. I can also blow this same steam below the fire-places of furnaces of
steam boilers, and of any kind of furnace, through the ash-pit by spreading it
out in thin sheets conveniently projected.
I employ also a new mode of draft and of blowing superheated steam into
the interior of any kind of chimney by means of branch pipes or of a circle of
iron pipe to which are applied several perforated conical nibs. This circle
being in communication with one or several branch pipes serving to convey
the steam to it for distribution through the conical blowing nibs, all these
branch pipes are united at their lower ends by tubular connections to the
supply of superheated steam. This blowing so much intensifies combustion
and increases the power of steam generators by its powerful draft that it can
with considerable economy replace fans and intensify the combustion of the

page_text: worst coals and those most difficult to burn. I would again explain that this
forcing apparatus may be applied wherever it would be useful to obtain a
forced supply of air, of gas, or of other fluids, either in flues or tuyeres of any
description applied to increase the draft either by blowing or by a forced draft.
My new moveable superheater may be employed, as I have just described,
for this one to superheat the steam for obtaining complete combustion of
smoke even in 25 furnaces with a single superheater, not requiring in this
application to place superheating tubes in the furnaces, but only injection
tubes with perforated nibs or with ordinary holes in the crown of furnaces,
either interiorly or exteriorly, in such a manner as conveniently to blow in
steam to completely prevent smoke and obtain all possible economy. It is
only necessary to mount these superheaters applied to smoke consuming so as
to put them in direct communication with the blowers for smoke consuming
by means of a transverse tube upon which are screwed as many cocks and
steam supply pipes as there are of blowers. The first advantage to be derived
from these arrangements of apparatus is to be able to utilize them at will and
carry them where they are desired to act.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Description of Figure 1, in which two flues conducting to the same outlet
are shewn. A, point where the gases enter the principal flue B, B; flowing
out of these gases by the chimney B¹. B', B', chimney. C, damper of inter-
ception and of communication with the principal flue. C', second damper
to direct the flow of the gases into the chimney. C", damper of interception
to the principal flue. D, D, superheating flue. F, escape pipe for the super-
heated steam with joints working outside of the furnace. E, introduction of
the steam into the helical superheater with joints working outside the furnace.
G, superheating apparatus. Steam may also be superheated in the principal
flue, B, B, but it is preferable to employ the intermediate flue, D, D, which
is quite independent of the furnaces.
Description of Figure 2, showing a blowing apparatus for reverberatory
furnaces, &c. A, point where the steam enters the emission tubes. B, super-
heating tube, capable of being placed either on the interior or the exterior
of furnaces. C, elbow tappet for an elbow valve. D, blowing nibs with conical
or ordinary holes in caps of wrought-iron, cast-iron, copper, platina, or in por-
celain E, E, E, E, holes tapped in the injecting tube to secure valves for the
purpose of cleaning the injecting holes even during working. This blowing
apparatus may be applied to all kinds of steam boiler furnaces.
Description of Figures 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. These Figures show a

page_text: superheating blowing apparatus applied to a locomotive engine. A, syphon
tube conducting the steam from the steam dome of the boiler. (This tube is
provided with two valves, one placed on the steam dome, the other in front of
the furnace, in a suitable position, to be worked by the attendant). B, B, B,
B, B, B, B, jets of steam indicating their ordinary inclination; they may,
however, blow either higher or lower, B', inclined blowing holes. C, outlet
valve for the superheating blower. D, door of the furnace.
E, super-
heating blowing tube placed under the frame of the door; another tube may
be placed in the interior of the furnace. M, handle for regulating the draft
of the blast.
Description of Figure 4. A, point where the steam arrives from the boiler.
C, extracting valve of the blower described at Figure No. 1, with its clbow
joints at the exterior of the furnaces. E. superheating blowing tube seen
from the interior of the furnace.
Description of Figures 5 and 6. These two Figures represent a section and
the position of the blower placed in the interior of the furnace. A, point of
arrival of the steam. C, junction for the outlet valve. B¹, inclined blowing
holes. Figures 7, 8, and 9, details of the fire-door for letting in air provided
with dampers. This door is provided with two grooves through which pass
the elbow joints and outlet pipes of the blowers, either of that placed directly
under the frame, or of that placed in the fire-box and passing out from the
furnace at its two ends.
Figures 10, 11, 12, are three views of a blowing plate for reverberatory
furnaces. A, cast-iron blowing plate. B, B, small cast-iron plate capable of
movement in guides and pierced with square holes, D. C, C, C, circular
openings pierced in the plate A, through which are passed the tubes B, D, of
the blower indicated at Figure 2. D, square openings in the two plates A
and B for the purpose of enabling a variable quantity of air to be admitted
as desired. E, handle, by means of which the plate B is moved in its guides.
Figure 14 is an elevation, partly in section, and Figure 15 a sectional plan,
of a portable apparatus for superheating steam. A, pipe conveying steam to
the superheater. C, C, superheating coil. D, escape for the superheating
steam. F, pipe conveying the superheated steam into the smoke-consuming
blower of the furnace. G, cock for blowing out the blower B. O, frame of
the fire-door. P, P, P, wrought-iron supports for the purpose of securing
the superheating coil in position. R, fire-grate. S, fire-door. T, ash-pit door.
B, smoke-consuming blower.
Figure 16 shews an exhausting coil for the portable superheating apparatus.
A, joint for connecting the coil B with the superheater C. B, B, extracting

page_text: and refrigerating coil. C, position of cock for blowing out the coil B. D, D, D,
supports for carrying the framing of the furnace and the entire apparatus.
E, E, E, supports for carrying the coil B.
Figures 17 and 18 shew two views of a smoke-consuming apparatus applied
to a tubular marine boiler. A, A, tube conveying the steam into the super-
heater; d, cock for admitting the steam. G, fire-brick bridge. H, H, H, H,
arrangement of four superheating tubes placed in the bridge. B, tube con-
veying the steam from the superheater to the blower. C, cock for blowing
out the blower. D, fire-door provided with regulating air passages. F, fire-
grate. I, smoke-box door. T, smoke-consuming blowing tube.
Figures 19, 20, 21, 22, and 23. Smoke-consuming apparatus and super-
heater for steam boiler furnaces with interior fires. A, point where steam
enters. C, C, superheater. B, cock for blowing out the superheater. D, fire-
bricks for protecting the superheater. H, blower. E, cleaning cock of blower.
Figure 24. A, point where steam enters. C, superheater. J, iron tube
for receiving the condensed water from the pipes by which the steam enters.
K, cock for drawing off condensed water. L. tap for introducing steam into
the superheater.
Figure 25. Superheating blower at T. A, point where steam enters. B,
superheating blower. C, male stopper. D, tube for blow-off cock.
In witness whereof I, the said Jean Baptiste Pierre Alfred Thierry, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Third day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
Paris. le 3 Novembre, 1863.
Witness,
T. BASSET.
JN. BTE PRE ALFRED THIERRY. (L.S.)
i