Improvements in Machinery for the Manufacture of Metallic Tubes.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Dec. 1888
Complete Specification Left, 21st Aug., 1889-Accepted, 5th Oct., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for the Manufacture of Metallic Tubes.
I FRANCIS DOUGLAS EVERITT of Finstall Park near Bromsgrove in the County of
Worcester Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as
follows
My invention has reference to the manufacture of metallic tubes of large diameter
and consists of the improvements hereinafter described in machinery employed for
that purpose by the use of which improved machinery metallic tubes of large diameter
can be conveniently manufactured from hollow ingots of small diameter and the
inconvenience which attends the casting of ingots of large diameter is avoided.
My invention is especially applicable to the manufacture of copper tubes and I will
describe it in connection with its application to the manufacture of a copper tube. The
said invention is however applicable to the manufacture of tubes of iron and steel and
of other metals and metallic alloys.
In constructing machinery for the manufacture of metallic tubes according to my
invention I employ a pair of rolls one of large diameter and the other of so small
a diameter that it will readily pass into the interior of the hollow ingot to be operated
upon.
These rolls may either turn on axes in the same horizontal plane or on horizontal
axes in the same vertical plane.
When I employ rolls turning on axes in the same horizontal plane I construct and
arrange the parts of the machinery in the following manner. The axis of the large
roll works in bearings in the frame of the machine and is provided with gearing by
which it can be readily put into rotary motion and stopped when necessary and by
which the direction of its motion can be readily reversed by the workman when
required. The said large roll has flanges at its ends between which flanges the hollow
ingot operated upon as well as the acting part of the small roll are confined. The
small roll works in bearings capable of a horizontal motion by which motion the said
small roll may be adjusted to the required distance from the large roll. The said
sinall roll has to be removed from the machine and replaced from time to time during
the treatment of the ingot and is introduced into its place and removed by a vertical
motion.
The machine is used in the following manner. The small roll having been lifted
from the machine is introduced into the heated hollow copper ingot to be operated
upon the bearings of the small roll having been so adjusted that the distance between
the acting parts of the rolls is somewhat less than the thickness of the metal of the
hollow ingot. The small roll with the heated hollow ingot upon it is dropped into its
bearings. It cannot however seat itself in its bearings until the large roll has been
set into rotation in the direction proper to draw downwards that part of the hollow
ingot situated between it and the small roll. By the described motion of the large
roll the small roll is made to seat itself in its bearings the hollow ingot and with it the
small roll are made to rotate and every portion of the hollow ingot is compressed and
reduced in thickness.
As the hollow ingot is confined at its ends between the flanges of the large roll the
said ingot cannot lengthen and the compression of the said ingot between the rolls
results in an increased diameter of the hollow ingot which is thus converted into a
hollow cylinder or tube of the same length as but of larger diameter than the original
ingot and of less thickness of metal. The increase in diameter and diminution in
thickness of metal of the ingot may be carried to the desired extent by adjusting the
bearings of the small roll the ingot being annealed from time to time.
When I arrange the rolls so that their axes are in the same vertical plane I place

page_text: the small roll uppermost and so construct its bearings that it may be drawn backwards
and forwards horizontally by a rack and pinion so as to facilitate its insertion in and
removal from the hollow ingot operated upon.
After the treatment described the hollow cylinder or tube formed from the hollow
ingot may be finished in the ordinary way.
Dated this 4th day of December 1888.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for the Manufacture of Metallic Tubes.
I FRANCIS DOUGLAS EVERITT of Finstall Park near Bromsgrove in the County
of Worcester Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of my invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
My invention has reference to the manufacture of metallic tubes of large diameter
and consists of the improvements hereinafter described in machinery employed for that
purpose by the use of which improved machinery metallic tubes of large diameter
can be conveniently manufactured from hollow ingots of small diameter and the
inconvenience which attends the casting of ingots of large diameter is avoided.
My invention is especially applicable to the manufacture of copper tubes and I
will describe it in connection with its application to the manufacture of a copper
tube. The said invention is however applicable to the manufacture of tubes of iron
and steel and of other metals and metallic alloys.
In constructing machinery for the manufacture of metallic tubes according to my
invention I employ a pair of rolls one of large diameter and the other of so small a
diameter that it will readily pass into the interior of the hollow ingot to be operated
upon.
These rolls may either turn on axes in the same horizontal plane or on horizontal
axes in the same vertical plane.
When I employ rolls turning on axes in the same horizontal plane I construct and
arrange the parts of the machinery in the following manner. The axis of the large
roll works in bearings in the frame of the machine and is provided with gearing by
which it can be readily put into rotary motion and stopped when necessary and by
which the direction of its motion can be readily reversed by the workman when
required. The said large roll has flanges at its ends between which flanges the bollow
ingot operated upon as well as the acting part of the small roll are confined. The
small roll works in bearings capable of a horizontal motion by which motion the said
small roll may be adjusted to the required distance from the large roll. The said small
roll has to be removed from the machine and replaced from time to time during the
treatment of the ingot and is introduced into its place and removed by a vertical
motion.
The machine is used in the following manner. The small roll having been lifted
from the machine is introduced into the heated or cold hollow copper ingot to be
operated upon, the bearings of the small roll having been so adjusted that the distance
between the acting parts of the rolls is somewhat less than the thickness of the metal
of the hollow ingot. The small roll with the heated or cold hollow ingot upon it is
dropped into its bearings. It cannot however seat itself in its bearings until the
large roll has been set into rotation in the direction proper to draw downwards that
part of the hollow ingot situated between it and the small roll. By the described
motion of the large roll the small roll is made to seat itself in its bearings the hollow
ingot and with it the small roll are made to rotate and every portion of the hollow
ingot is compressed and reduced in thickness. As the hollow ingot is confined at its
ends between the flanges of the large roll, the said ingot cannot lengthen and the
compression of the said ingot between the rolls results in an increased diameter of

page_text: the hollow ingot which is thus converted into a hollow cylinder or tube of the same
length as but of larger diameter than the original ingot and of less thickness of metal.
The increase in diameter and diminution in thickness of metal of the ingot may be
carried to the desired extent by adjusting the bearings of the small roll, the ingot
being annealed from time to time.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings the
manner in which my invention is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in side elevation; Figure 2 in plan; Figure 3 in longitudinal
section and Figure 4 in end elevation, machinery constructed according to my inven-
tion for the manufacture of large tubes of copper or other ductile metal or alloy from
small hollow ingots, the rolls of the machinery turning on axes in the same horizontal
plane.
In Figures 1 and 2 the hollow ingot is represented placed upon the small roll before
the machine has operated upon it and in Figures 3 and 4 the said ingot is repre-
sented after it has been operated upon by the machine and converted into a tube or
cylinder of large diameter but of diminished thickness of metal.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several Figures of the
Drawings.
a, a are the parallel standards constituting the frame of the machine in which
standards the two rolls b and c work. The large roll 6 turns in bearings in the said
standards and its shaft d projects beyond one of the said standards and carries fast and
loose pulleys by which a rotatory motion can be communicated to the said roll 6 or
the said roll stopped or its motion reversed by the workman when required. I do not
however limit myself to the use of any particular kind of gearing. The other and
smaller roll c turns in the adjustable bearings e e open at top through which open tops
of the bearings the shaft of the small roll can be dropped into and removed from its
working position by a vertical motion, the wide parts of the standards at a² a² per-
mitting of the ready introduction and removal of the small roll as seen in Figure 2.
The bearings ee of the small roll c are capable of sliding in the standards being con-
nected thereto by dovetail (or other) connections at for the purpose of adjusting the
said small roll c the required distance from the large roll b. The adjustment of the
bearings e, e of the small roll c is effected by the end screws g g working in screw
boxes in the standards.
The large roll 6 has flanges & near its ends between which flanges the hollow ingot
as well as the acting part of the small roll c are confined.
In using the machine the small roll c is lifted from its place preferably by means of
a forked rod passed under the roll the handle end of the said forked rod being sup-
ported on the roller i carried by a fixed cross bar and the said roll c is introduced into
the beated or cold copper (or other) ingot h. The bearings e e of the small roll c
having been adjusted by the screws g, g so that the distance between the acting parts
of the two rolls is somewhat less than the thickness of the metal of the hollow ingot h,
the said small roll c with the heated or cold hollow ingot upon it is dropped into its
The large
bearings e, e but the said roll does not fully seat itself in its bearings e e.
с
roll being set in motion, rotating in the direction of the arrow Figure 3, the small
roll c is made to fully seat itself in its bearings e e and the hollow ingot / and with it
the small roll c are made to rotate and every portion of the hollow ingot is com-
pressed and reduced in thickness. As the hollow ingot cannot lengthen in
consequence of its ends being confined between the flanges 62, 6' of the large roll b,
the compression of the metal reduces its thickness and increases the diameter of the
hollow ingot, the bearings e e of the small roll c being adjusted nearer to the large roll
as the rolling operation proceeds. The hollow ingot h Figures 1 and 2 is thereby
rolled into a large hollow cylinder or tube 4* as represented in Figures 3 and 4
the said cylinder or tube 2 having the same length as the original ingot h but of less
thickness of metal.
The hollow ingot and partly made tube are annealed from time to time during the
rolling operation as is well understood and the hollow cylinder or tube is finished in
the ordinary way.

page_text: Instead of arranging the two rolls between the standards as described and repre-
sented the portions of the rolls which are employed to operate on the hollow ingot
may be situated outside the standards. In this case the ingot is placed on and
removed from the small roll by an end motion or motion in the line of the axis of the
said roll.
When I arrange the rolls so that their axes are in the same vertical plane I place
the small roll c uppermost and so construct its bearings that it may be drawn back-
wards and forwards horizontally by a rack and pinion so as to facilitate its insertion in
and removal from the hollow ingot operated upon.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention
and the manner in which the same is to be performed I declare that I claim as
my invention of "Improvements in machinery for the manufacture of metallic
tubes"
:-
First The combination in a machine for manufacturing large tubes from hollow
ingots of small diameter, of two rolls, one of the rolls being of larger diameter than
the other, the hollow ingot to be operated upon being placed upon the small roll and
the large roll being provided with flanges within which the acting part of the small
roll and the hollow ingot are confined during the rolling process the axes of the said
two rolls being situated preferably in the same horizontal plane substantially as
herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings. Also
arranging the acting parts of the said small and large rolls outside the standards of
the machine as herein before described.
Secondly The general arrangement of the parts of the machine described and
represented whereby the small roll carrying the hollow ingot is capable of being
readily removed from and lowered into its bearings for the purpose of placing on it
the hollow ingot and removing from it the tube formed substantially as described and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Dated the Eighth day of August 1889.,
FRANCIS DOUGLAS EVERITT.