CERTAIN IMPROVED PROCESSES IN GIVING A METALLIC COATING TO VARIOUS ARTICLES OF COMMERCE
Year: 1833

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
WARNER the younger, of the Crescent, Jewin Street, in the City of London,
Brass Founder, being one of the people usually denominated Quakers, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing
date at Westminster, the Twenty-fourth day of January, in the third year
of His reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said John Warner the younger, His especial licence, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said John Warner the younger,
my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Warner
the younger, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, the
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVED PROCESSES IN GIVING A METALLIC COATING TO
VARIOUS ARTICLES OF COMMERCE," which was communicated by a Foreigner
residing abroad; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I,
the said John Warner the younger, shall cause a particular description of the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within

page_text: six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Warner the younger, do hereby declare that the nature of the said In-
vention consists in a certain mode of coating lead pipes, tubes, cylinders, sheet
lead, and other leaden articles of commerce, with tin or alloys of tin, and that
my processes for performing the same are as follows:-
I prepare a bath of melted tin or alloy of tin in a vessel of a suitable form
and size, which may vary according to the size of the pipe, or the size and
shape of any other leaden article that may be required to be tinned. The heat
of this bath should be so regulated that the said metal or alloy shall continue in
a fused state, but not at a higher temperature than is necessary for that pur-
pose, lest the lead, when immersed, should be melted thereby. This heat may
be ascertained by a use of a thermometer or a pyrometer, likewise by testing
it by such alloys of tin and lead as will melt at certain given temperatures
between the melting points of tin (or the alloy of tin used) and that of lead,
when placed under the influence of a bath of melted tin.
When the lead pipes, tubes, cylinders, or other leaden articles of commerce
are to be tinned all over, I sprinkle the external surfaces with powdered rosin,
and blow the same material so as to cover the internal surfaces with it; or I
cover by any convenient means the same parts with a mixture of oil and rosin
boiled together, or any other suitable material. The pipe or other article so
prepared are then to be passed through or immersed in the bath of melted
tin, which latter should be kept covered with fat, oil, rosin, or other suitable
article, to prevent the oxydation of the fluid metal, and to aid in the tinning.
When the pipes, tubes, cylinders, or other leaden article of commerce are to
be tinned on one side only, or partially, I cover those parts which are not to be
tinned with a mixture of lamp black and size, or with any other matter that
will prevent the action of the tin upon lead, and those parts which are to
receive the tin with powdered rosin or mixture of oil and rosin, as before men-
tioned. The said articles, thus prepared, are then to be passed through or
immersed in the bath of liquid tin, by which process they will be tinned only
on the parts required. When the pieces are not of considerable weight or
length they may be easily managed by hand; but when they are of considerable
length or weight a rope and pulley, or any other suitable mechanical contrivance
which the workman may prefer, may be resorted to.
Now whereas it would be easy to deviate from the exact methods and
processes of tinning lead pipe, tubes, cylinders, and other leaden articles of

page_text: co:nmerce I have herein described, and to produce the same or similar results
by such deviation; I desire it to be distinctly understood that I have described
in this Specification those methods or processes of tinning the before-mentioned
articles which I have found to answer the purpose the best. And I hereby
declare, that I claim under this Patent not only the exact methods or processes
set forth, but every deviation from such methods or processes, by which the
before-mentioned articles, after having been made of their intended sizes, are
tinned by submersion, or drawing them through a bath of melted tin or alloy
of tin.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Warner the younger, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-three.