Improvements in or applicable to Hot Air Engines for Actuating Punkahs and Thermantidotes, and for other purposes.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Oct., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 11th Aug., 1894-Accepted, 29th Sept., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or applicable to Hot Air Engines for Actuating
Punkahs and Thermantidotes, and for other purposes.
I, HARRY HEATLY, of the Firm Heatly and Gresham Limited, 7 Hastings
Street, Calcutta, India, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said invention, to be as follows:-
My improvements are applicable to hot air engines for actuating punkahs and
thermantidotes and for other purposes, similar to such hot air engines as are
described in a Complete Specification filed by me in application for Letters Patent
numbered 21,800 of 1892, and consists in applying to such hot air engines,
improved arrangements for heating the same formed by apparatus by which
suitable oil or hydro-carbon liquid is converted into gas or vapour, and is mixed
with air so as to burn with a Bunsen flame and act upon the cylinder or pot of
the hot air engine and heat the air therein, the expansion of which gives motion
to the engine.
The apparatus consists of a closed cistern having a screw plug, tap or other
means by which the cistern may be filled partly with oil or combustible liquid,
this cistern having a vertical stand pipe, extending to near the bottom of the
interior of the cistern and above it, which stand pipe is provided with a tap. This
stand pipe is formed into a circular coil the axis of which is vertical, the plane of
the coil being thus horizontal. The coil may be separate from the stand pipe and
screwed to the upper part of it.
From the coil a pipe descends to a circular casting, having an outlet orifice
which can be opened or closed by a screwed cone plug spindle or tap, which
allows the gas or vapour formed by passing through the coil, heated as hereinafter
described, to escape into a metal vertical cylinder which rests and fits at its lower
end upon the circular casting.
This metal cylinder is closed at its upper end, except that it is perforated with
small holes at that end, and the metal cylinder passes through and is thus
encircled by the said coil. The metal cylinder from just below the coil and above
it has a series of slits or holes in its sides so that the gas or vapour mixed with
air in the metal cylinder may be ignited and burn at the slits and perforations in
the metal cylinder in the lower end of which there is a hole for air to enter it to
mix with the gas or vapour within the metal cylinder.
When the apparatus is to be used, oil is first. placed into the cistern until
it is about say half full, then the cistern and the cock on the stand pipe is
closed.
Then by a small pump worked by hand, which may be screwed to a junction on
the cistern having a tap, air is pumped into the upper part of the cistern up to a
given pressure, and the pump is then removed. Instead of a tap on the junction
for the pump there may be a valve in the junction to open inwards to admit air,
but closed in the reverse direction against its return.
When the cistern is charged with air, and the tap in the stand pipe is opened
the oil will be forced from the cistern, up the stand pipe to the coil which has been
first heated by any suitable means so that the oil in passing through the coil is
converted by the heat of the coil into gas or vapour and passes through the screw
plug tap in the casting and into the metal cylinder, and when ignited at the
slits or perforations burns with a Bunsen flame and part of the heat keeps
the coil at the required temperature and the other part heats the cylinder or pot
of the air engine.

page_text: The cistern and connected apparatus is slided through openings in the side of
the combustion chamber of the hot air engine until the centre of the upper end
of the metal cylinder comes under the cylinder or pot, then the side of the
combustion chamber is closed by a door, the cistern of the apparatus resting upon
and being supported by rails on the framing of the engine.
Modifications of the above described arrangements of self-generating gas or
vapour burners are or may also be combined with hot air engines without departing
from my invention.
Dated this Thirteenth day of October 1893
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or applicable to Hot Air Engines for Actuating
Punkahs and Thermantidotes, and for other purposes.
1, HARRY HEATLY, of the Firm Heatly and Gresham Limited, 7 Hastings
Street, Calcutta, India, Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My improvements are applicable to hot air engines for actuating punkahs and
thermantidotes and for other purposes, similar to such hot air engines as are
described in a Complete Specification filed by me in application for Letters Patent
numbered 21,800 of 1892, and consists in applying to such hot air engines,
improved arrangements for heating the same formed by apparatus by which
petroleum or other suitable oil or hydro-carbon liquid is converted into gas or
vapour and is mixed with air so as to burn with a Bunsen flame and act upon
the cylinder or pot of the hot air engine and heat the air therein, the expansion
of which gives motion to the engine.
The apparatus consists of a closed cistern having a screw plug, tap or other
means, by which the cistern may be filled partly with oil or combustible liquid,
this cistern having a vertical stand pipe, extending to near the bottom of the
interior of the cistern and above it, which stand pipe is provided with a tap. This
stand pipe is formed into a circular coil the axis of which is vertical, the plane
of the coil being thus horizontal. The coil may be separate from the stand pipe
and screwed to the upper part of it.
From the coil a pipe descends to a circular casting, having an outlet orifice
which can be opened or closed by a screwed cone plug spindle or tap, which allows
the gas or vapour formed by passing through the coil heated as hereinafter
described, to escape into a metal vertical cylinder which rests and fits at its lower
end upon the circular casting.
This metal cylinder is closed at its upper end except that it is perforated with
small holes at that end, and the metal cylinder passes through and is thus encircled
by the said coil. The metal cylinder from just below the coil and above it, has
a series of slits or holes in its sides so that the gas or vapour mixed with air in
the metal cylinder may be ignited and burn at the slits and perforations in the
metal cylinder in the lower end of which there is a hole for air to enter it to mix
with the gas or vapour within the metal cylinder.
When the apparatus is to be used, oil is first placed into the cistern until
it is about say half full then the cistern and the cock on the stand pipe is closed.
Then by a small pump worked by hand, which may be screwed to a junction
on the cistern having a tap, air or oil (as required) is pumped into the upper part
of the cistern up to a given pressure, and the pump is then removed or it may
remain in connection with the cistern. Instead of a tap on the junction for the
pump there may be a valve in the junction to open inwards to admit air, but
closed in the reverse direction against its return.

page_text: When the cistern is charged with oil and air, and the tap in the stand pipe is
opened, the oil will be forced from the cistern, up the stand pipe to the coil which
has been first heated by any suitable means so that the oil in passing through the
coil is converted by the heat of the coil into gas or vapour and passes through
the screw plug tap in the casting and into the metal cylinder, and when ignited
at the slits or perforations burns with a Bunsen flame and part of the heat keeps
the coil at the required temperature and the other part heats the cylinder or pot
of the air engine.
The cistern and connected apparatus is slided through openings in the side of
the combustion chamber of the hot air engine until the centre of the upper end
of the metal cylinder or middle part of the burner, comes under the cylinder or
pot, then the side of the combustion chamber is closed by a door, the cistern
of the apparatus resting upon and being supported by rails on the framing of the
engine.
Modifications of the above described arrangements of self-generating gas or
vapour burners are or may also be combined with hot air engines without departing
from my invention.
For instance after experience, I prefer to arrange the coil and burner as herein-
after more fully described, and the air to mix with the gas or vapour is or may be
heated as hereinafter more particularly explained.
Fig. 1, is a front elevation of an hot air engine for working punkahs and like
apparatus and which may be used for other purposes.
Fig. 2, is a side elevation, partly in section.
Fig. 3, is a sectional elevation of a modification of a burner with the longitudinal
axis of the combustion tube or chamber or burner vertical shown detached and upon
an enlarged scale, and
Fig. 4, is a sectional elevation of another burner in which the longitudinal axis
of the combustion tube, chamber or burner is horizontal, shown upon an enlarged
scale detached.
The burner illustrated by Fig. 4, is somewhat similar but different in details to
that shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
The hot air engine is similar to that described in the Complete Specification of
the said Letters Patent granted to me numbered 21,800 of 1892, but I will
name the parts shown in Figs. 1 and 2 so that they may be more readily
understood.
a, the stand or feet; b, the hollow table; f, the power cylinder; 2, the piston
rod; 2, the crank; h', disc or wheel in which the crank 2, is secured; h, the
crank shaft; 4, the fly wheel; he, the spur pinion on shaft h; j, the spur wheel;
, stud or axis of the wheel; f, stand for fly wheel shaft; j³, crank pin stud in
the spur wheelj; *, connecting rod from the stud ³, to the arm or lever j³, for
the punkah cord, centred on a stud j, hs, the crank from the pin ², which works
by a connecting rod 9, the rod g', connected with the displacer.
c, the upper part of the displacer cylinder or pot; c', the lower part or pot;
d, the outer and d, the inner annular chamber surrounding the pot; d², the bottom
of the chamber d'; d*, the outlet for gases.
k is the closed cistern for petroleum or other suitable oil and for air.
fully charged with oil it comes to about the level of the line k*, Fig. 2.
When
k', is a pipe of thin metal screwed into the lower end of a casting k², having a
flange which is secured to the upper part of the cistern k, fluid tight, the pipe k',
descending to near the bottom of the interior of the cistern k.
The casting, has two cocks, one k³, for opening and closing the passage
between the cistern k, and the supply pump, the other, for opening and closing
the passage between the cistern k, and burner.
The pump barrel l, is secured by brackets l', to the side of the cistern k,
(see Fig. 1) and at its lower end screws into the T formed junction 12, one arm of
which is screwed to be coupled with the pipe 13, supplying oil or air. Tais pipe l,

page_text: may have a flexible tube connected with it so as to be placed in a vessel supplying
oil and when the end of the pipe is not in oil but open to the air, air can be pumped
into the cistern. The other branch of the T junction 12 is prepared to be connected
with an elbow junction, to which the lower end of a thin pipe 1, is coupled by a
screw coupling and the upper end of this thin pipe 1, is coupled in like manner
with the brauch from the casting having the cock k³, in it which is turned by the
handle k³.
In the horizontal ends of the T junction 12, at the lower end of the pump barrel,
there is an inlet and outlet valve, these valves may be ball or other suitable valves,
the pump being a rod 1, with a piston drawing in fluid through one valve,
and delivering it through the other valve-17, being the handle of the pump.
There is a branch from the casting ³, above the cock k*, turned by the handle k³,
which branch communicates with any ordinary pressure gauge m.
At the top of the casting 2, there is a ball valve n, which is in a tube n', screwing
upon the upper end of the casting k². This tube has a seating against which the
ball n, can come and close when it lifts.
As shown it rests over the end of the bore at the upper end of the casting ³, in
which there are slight grooves formed to allow a small quantity of oil to pass the ball
valve n, to supply the burner, but if there is a rush of oil, as there would be if the
heating coil burst the ball n, would lift against its seating and prevent the passage
of oil to the heating coil.
The upper end of the tube n', for the ball valve is prepared for a coupling to
couple the lower end of a thin pipe n², the upper end of which terminates in a casting p,
forming a part of the burner apparatus.
This casting p, has au ascending passage pl, and then a horizontal one in which
one end of a pipe p², is inserted tightly and is secured by a set screw p³, which
screws into the end of the tube p¹, and expands it against the bore of this branch of
the casting.
The other end of the pipe p², is formed into a coil of say two turns (see Fig. 2)
to come over the burner, and then passes to and forms a junction with another
vertical passage p³, in the casting p, for the burner, which communicates with
the tube p, in the casting for the screwed needle p', that regulates the flow of gas
or vapour.
The hole in the casting p, between the heating coil p², and the needle tube p', is
or may be closed by a screw plug p, in the side of the casting and there is or may
be another screw plug p', at the lower end of the passage p³, and by the removal of
these plugs access is given for clearing away any obstruction.
The screwed needle p', screws into the outer screw tapped end of the tube p", for
it, the outer end of which is made fluid tight by a cap px, screwing upon the outer
end of the needle tube. The outer end of the needle screw p', has squares for a key
or knob handle pª, (see Fig. 1) to rotate it.
The inner small or cone end of the needle p', can pass through a small hole at
the inner end of the needle tube p6, and the gas or vapour passes through the
annular hole thus formed between the cone end of the needle and the interior of
the hole in the end of the needle tube, and by screwing the needle in or out the
quantity of gas or vapour passing to the combustion chamber or tube is
regulated.
The casting p, has the open end of the burner or combustion tube pb, inserted in
it, and the upper side of this tube has a series of holes or slits p, the latter by
preference, and the mixed gas and air passes through these holes or slits, and when
ignited burns as a compact solid blue flame.
The inner end of the needle tube po, extends a little beyond a chamber pd, in the
casting into which the air passes which is to mix with the gas or vapour in the
burner tube pb.
By preference, the air supplied is heated and passes through a pipe p°, in the
heated chamber d', d, the open end of this pipe 1, being on the exterior of the

page_text: chamber d, and the air in passing becomes heated by the heat of the chamber and
the flame from the burner po. The inner end of the air heating tube p®,
communicates with the side of the chamber pd, for air in the casting p.
When the oil heating coil p², is sufficiently heated at starting by burning waste
material saturated with petroleum upon the exterior of the coil, or by other means,
the oil is vaporised or made into gas which will ignite at the slits in the burner,
and this when once started will supply the burner with gas or vapour, for
maintaining the heat and working the engine.
The heating of the air to mix with the gas prevents the formation of deposit in
the burner.
The cistern k, and all the connected parts can be slided upon angle bars a', at the
lower part of the framing until the burner pb, comes under the pot c', as shown in
Fig. 2, and to allow this to be done, a hole is formed in the side of the chambers d
and d', for the burner and connected parts to pass through, and there is also a slot
in the bottom d², for the pipe n², and when in position this hole is closed by a lid d³,
which may be hinged to the side of the chamber d', or made with a cranked
tongue d, at its upper side to enter a slot in the upper side of the hole in the side
of the chamber, and then be secured by a turn button d³, catching on the
projection from the bottom d², of the chamber d¹.
Fig. 3, shows one modification of burner which may be employed if desired for
that shown in Figs. 1 and 2, which I prefer to use. The burner tube pb, in this
case is vertical, with slits pc, on both sides. The oil tube in this case is a
continuation of the tube n², Figs. 1 and 2, and then coils at p² round the burner
tube, and forms a junction with the casting p, to which the burner is connected
and then goes along a passage in it to the regulating hole into which the end of the
needle p', passes.
p', is the hole for air, which may be heated by a pipe corresponding to the
pipe po, Figs 1 and 2, one end being connected with the hole p' and then the pipe
passes over or near the burner the open end descending below the bottom
(d, Figs 1 and 2) of the chamber, d¹.
The coil pipe is or may be cranked in the chamber d and d¹, to bring the burner
under the centre of the pot c'.
Fig. 4, illustrates another modification of burner similar to that shown by Fig. 3,
but one intended for use with the axis of the burner tube horizontal.
for
The pipe (n2, Figs. 1 and 2) is bent horizontal and forms the heating pipe p²,
oil, then passes parallel to and above the burner pb, on one side of it and returns on
the other side of it and is then connected with the casting p.
The tube pe, for hot air is connected with the burner at p², and is or may be
otherwise arranged as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
The cistern k, and burner pb, and their connected parts may be placed to bring
the burner pb, under the pot c', from either side of the engine, the door or lid d³, of
the chamber d, d', being on the corresponding side, but these parts are shown in
Fig. 2 as on the left, while in Fig. 1, they are on the right, that is on the reverse side
of the engine to that which they are shown in Fig. 2.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
claim is :-
1. The combination with a hot air engine for actuating punkahs and thermanti-
dotes of a self-generating gas or vapour burner using petroleum or other suitable
oils supplied with oil by pressure from a closed cistern containing the oil
substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. The combination with a hot air engine of a self-generating gas or vapour
burner using petroleum or other suitable oils, supplied with oil from a closed
cistern by pressure of air therein, the gas or vapour being mixed with air in
the burner producing a Bunsen or blue flame, substantially as herein before described
and illustrated by the drawings.

page_text: 3. The combination and arrangement of burner, oil heating and vaporising coil
or pipe and air heating pipe for producing a solid blue flame without noise, when
used in combination with a hot air engine, substantially as herein before described
and illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings or when modified by substituting
the burners illustrated by Figs. 3 or 4 of the drawings.
4. The combination with self-generating burners supplied with oil from a closed
cistern by pressure of air therein, of an automatic valve (n) or an equivalent
automatic valve substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described and
illustrated by Fig. 2, of the drawings.
5. The combination of a hot air engine and heating and oil supplying apparatus
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2 of the
drawings.
Dated this Ninth dor of Anmut 1001
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.