IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS OR GENERATORS FOR STEAM AND HOT AIR COMBINED
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Morgan, Secretary of the Inventors' Patent Right
Association, Limited, 21, Cockspur Street, Charing Cross, London, in the
County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS OR
GENERATORS FOR STEAM AND HOT AIR COMBINED." A communication from
abroad by John Gustave Adolphe Donneley, a person resident at Hamburg,
Germany."
Sealed the 26th February 1878, and dated the 21st September 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Morgan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st September 1877.
"
THOMAS MORGAN, Secretary of the Inventors' Patent Right Association, Limited,
21, Cockspur Street, Charing Cross, London, in the County of Middlesex. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN BOILERS OR GENERATORS FOR STEAM AND HOT AIR COMBINED,
(A communication from abroad by John Gustave Adolphe Donneley, of Hamburg,
Germany.)
This Invention mainly refers to a boiler or generator for steam and hot air com-
bined, which is provided with a great number of surfaces, in metal or other substances,
which will take up the heat developed by the combustion of the fuel, and effect the
vaporization of the water introduced amongst said surfaces, also quickly supplying
desaturated steam, which combines itself with the hot air which has served to heat
the said surfaces, and by such means, same will be capable of being brought to the
degree of heat desired by the introduction of air in the furnace or fire-place, which
can also be reduced when a lower temperature is desired.
The boiler or generator mainly consists of-
A case of sheet iron forming the furnace or fire-place, which should be lined with
fire-brick, and is provided with doors to enable same to be hermetically closed, so as
to support the pressure or degree of heat required to be attained.
A second case termed a vapouriser, which is attached to the upper part of the
furnace, either horizontally or vertically, the cases being in communication with
each other, by means of an elbow in the interior of the furnace, establishing such
communication with the said upper part, and having provision for preventing the
cinders obstructing the opening.

page_text: In the interior of the vapouriser is a valve for cutting off the communication
with the furnace, which can be worked from the exterior by means of a lever, which
valve will serve to prevent the steam going into the interior of the furnace. And
in case of sudden augmentation of the pressure in the vapouriser, same can be closed
and cannot be opened until the equilibrium shall be re-established between the
vapouriser and the furnace.
The vapouriser is also interiorly furnished with fire-bricks, and encloses a number
of bars of copper or other suitable material which are crossed one with the other,
and placed in ranges longitudinally and transversely, the one in the other, in such
manner as to form equal spaces to divide the hot air, and also the water, to facilitate
vaporization. These bars have for their object the absorption of the heat obtained
by the combustion of the fuel, and the vapourization of the water, which is turned
upon them, and also serve to maintain the equilibrium of the temperature in the
vapourizer.
The air is introduced into the furnace by means of one or more pumps, and in
passing, traverses the bed of fuel, increases the heat, and disengages the hot gases,
which are divided between all the bars.
The water is also introduced by means of one or more pumps, and falls upon the
bars of copper, vaporizing and combining with the hot air which is between the
bars, and can thus be made use of to give motion to the engine.
The introduction of the air in the furnace, and the water in the vaporizer, is regu-
lated by means of a valve box upon each opening, each provided with two valves,
to allow of the entrance of air or of water when the pressure is less than the
maximum; the one serving for the entry of the air or the water when the
pressure is least, the other for the entry of the water or air when the pressure
is greatest, whether in the furnace for the air, or in the vapouriser for the water.
Upon the upper part of the furnace, and upon that of the reservoir, are placed safety
valves, intended to serve for the withdrawal of the gas for lighting purposes, or to
put the apparatus out of action; that on the reservoir serves for forcing the hot
gases to traverse the bars, and when they have become sufficiently heated, the other
ought to be open in case of stoppage too prolonged.
I may here remark that in the mode of construction above mentioned, the details
may be varied according as desired, or as may be needful.
Also in constructing the said boiler or generator, a double casing for forming a
water space, as is used in ordinary boilers, is provided, and the employment of fire-
bricks may be dispensed with, in order for the better utilization of the heat.
Metal or other body for absorbing the heat and vaporizing the water by contact
may be used.
It is not essential that any particular kind of combustion (solid or liquid) should
be used in the production of heat in the furnace.
A boiler or generator thus constructed may be used for the production of gas
brought to a very high temperature, so as to serve for the combustion of fuel in a
boiler or generator on the same system, but of a much more powerful kind, the
mixture of oxygen and hydrogen furnished by a small boiler or generator, operating
upon the fuel of the great one, so as to produce great economy.
I may in some case heat the air and the water before their entry into the furnace
or the vapouriser.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Thomas Morgan in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st March
1878.
"
THOMAS MORGAN, Secretary of the Inventors' Patent Right Association, Limited,
21, Cockspur Street, Charing Cross, London, in the County of Middlesex. .IM-
PROVEMENTS IN BOILERS OR GENERATORS FOR STEAM AND HOT AIR COMBINED."
(A communication from abroad by John Gustave Adolphe Donneley, of Hamburg,
Germany.)
This Invention consists:-
Firstly. Of a boiler or vessel for generating steam instantaneously, and heating air
in combination therewith, this result being obtained by the employment of a
considerable number of surfaces of metal or other suitable materials which absorb
the heat generated by the combustion of the coal, and serve to evaporate the water
introduced between them, thus furnishing instantaneously generated dry steam,
which combines with the hot air employed for heating the said surfaces, and by
these means they may be brought to the degree of heat desired, according to the
amount of air introduced into the furnace, which will be diminished when it is
desired to reduce the temperature, and increased when it is desired to produce the
contrary effect.
The boiler is constructed in the following manner :-
1. The furnace is formed by a sheet-iron case, lined throughout with fire-bricks.
The doors are capable of being hermetically closed, and of resisting the pressure at
which it is desired to work.
2. A second case, termed the "evaporator," is attached at the upper part of the
furnace, either horizontally or vertically, and communicates with it by means of an
aperture, in which is placed an elbow on the interior of the furnace establishing
communication in the upper part, so as to prevent the cinders from obstructing the
aperture.
On the interior of the evaporator there is a valve which is capable of cutting off
the communication with the furnace. This valve may be worked from without by
means of a lever, and serves to prevent the steam from passing into the interior of
the furnace. In case of a sudden increase of pressure taking place in the evaporator,
it will be closed by this increase of pressure, and will not re-open until the equilibrium
is re-established between the evaporator and the furnace.
The evaporator is also lined with fire-bricks, and contains a quantity of copper or
metal bars, which are placed about two inches apart, and arranged in longitudinal
and transverse rows interlaced one with the other, so as to form equal spaces to
divide the hot air and also the water, in order to facilitate its evaporation; the object
of these bars being to absorb the heat resulting from the combustion of the coal, and
to evaporate the water poured over them, and they also serve to maintain the
equilibrium of the temperature in the evaporator.
The air is introduced into the furnace by means of one or more pumps; as it
passes through the layer of coal, which it causes to burn, it liberates heated gases,
which are divided as they pass between the bars.
The water is also introduced by means of one or more pumps, and falls upon the
said bars, where it is converted into vapour, combining with the hot air which is
between the bars, and is employed in this condition to work: the engine.
The introduction of air into the furnace, and of water into the evaporator, is
regulated by means of a valve box on each aperture, each of which is provided with
two valves, one valve serving for the admission of air or water when the pressure is
below its maximum, and the other serving to prevent the water or the air from
entering when the pressure is too high, either in the furnace with regard to the air,
or in the evaporator with regard to the water.
On the upper part of the furnace and on the upper part of the reservoir there are
placed safety valves in combination, which serve for the escape of the gases when

page_text: lighting or stopping the apparatus; the one placed upon the reservoir, serving at
the starting to compel the hot gases to pass among the bars, and when these
latter are sufficiently heated, the other valve should be open in case of a prolonged
stoppage.
Secondly. In the mode of construction herein-before described, which may be
varied as found desirable,
Thirdly. In constructing the said boiler with a double case, so as to form a
water space as in ordinary boilers, and thus avoid the necessity of employing
fire-bricks; utilizing the heat which might otherwise escape through the pores
of the bricks.
Fourthly. In employing any metal or other body to absorb the heat and vaporise
the water by contact.
Fifthly. In using any solid or liquid fuel for the production of heat in the
furnace.
Sixthly. In employing a boiler, arranged as herein-after described, for the pro-
duction of gases raised to a very elevated temperature, in order to be used for the
combustion of fuel in a boiler constructed on the same system, but of considerably
greater power, the mixture of the oxygen and hydrogen supplied by the small
boiler being effected with the fuel of the large boiler, so as to effect a considerable
saving.
Seventhly. Employing such gases raised to an elevated temperature for the
fusion of metals or other substances, also employing my apparatus for any purpose
in which it is necesary to introduce air for the combustion or for the heating of
steam boilers or any other apparatus.
Eighthly. In heating the air and water before admitting them to the furnace and
to the evaporator.
Ninthly. Causing the air to pass through an inflammable liquid, in order to
saturate it with the same before its entry into the furnace, and thereby facilitate
its combustion, as also mixing the air with gases before introducing same into the
furnace.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal section, showing the whole of the interior of the
furnace A, and of the evaporator B.
It may be seen that both are lined with fire-bricks P', and that a grating M is
provided in the furnace A for supporting the fuel to be burned, while above there
is a door K, and below, there is another door K, both of which close hermetically,
and are moveable ; on the side opposite to the door K¹ there is an aperture N, serving
to admit air to the furnace; at the upper part in the centre there is placed a safety
valve H, and somewhat lower an apparatus F, serving to introduce the fuel when
the boiler is under pressure; this apparatus is provided with a valve G, capable of
being worked from without, and at the same time has a counter valve G¹, which
serves to protect the first from the excessive heat.
It will also be perceived that the furnace A and the evaporator B communicate
together by means of an elbow L, and of a valve I, and that underneath this valve
there is an aperture J,capable of being hermetically closed, and serving for cleaning
operations; also that on the upper part of the evaporator B there is placed a box D
combined with two valves E, E¹, serving for the introduction of the water to be
converted into steam; likewise that underneath there are placed rows of bars S.
which serve to evaporate the water and to regulate its temperature; that a
reservoir C is provided upon the evaporator B, and that upon the reservoir C there
is a safety valve H¹.
Fig. 2 is a front elevation, showing the door K of the furnace and the door K¹ of
the ash-pit, as well as the apparatus F, which serves for the introduction of the coal
into the furnace.
Fig. 3 is a section taken through the centre of the valve E in the box D, serving

page_text: for the introduction of water; this box D is arranged to be always filled with water,
so that it is always cool, though in contact with the hot air, and the bars S upon
which the water flows are so arranged that the water is caused to flow from one
row to the other, so as to be more easily divided and vaporized.
Fig. 4 is a section taken through the centre of the reservoir C, and of the valve H',
as well as through the opening O, serving for the communication of the vapour or
steam with the engine.
Fig. 5 is plan of the interior of the furnace A,andof the exterior of the evaporator B,
where the valve box D and the reservoir C are situated. It may be seen that the
end of the evaporator B is made with joints united by bolts, so as to facilitate its
being taken off, to admit of the bars S being withdrawn for the purpose of cleaning
them. Also that the valve I may be worked from the exterior by means of a
lever Q.
The advantages possessed by the boiler above described are the following:---
First. It effects an economy of more than fifty per cent. over the generators at
present constructed.
Secondly. It occupies much less space in proportion of its power, is lighter and
less expensive.
Thirdly. There is no danger from the deposit of the salts contained in sea water,
and it is protected from all injury from the same cause.
Fourthly, Steam is obtained as soon as the bars S are sufficiently heated, without
having, as in other boilers, to heat a quantity of water unproductively.
Fifthly. It is less dangerous than other boilers, even in case of an explosion, as
the volume of steam which it contains is very small.
From the foregoing description, it will be observed that there is a grating Min
the furnace A, serving to support the fuel; that on the upper part of the furnace A
there is an apparatus F serving for the introduction of the coal when the boiler is
under pressure; that the doors K and K¹ close hermetically, and are movable; that
in the centre and at the upper part of the furnace A there is a safety valve H;
that the furnace A communicates with the evaporator B through the elbow L
and the valve I; that this valve may be worked from without by means of a
lever Q; that in the evaporator B there are rows of bars S; that above, there
is a valve box D, serving for the introduction of the water to be evaporated
through the valve E, and which flows thence on to the bars $; that upon the
evaporator B there is a reservoir C, and upon the latter, a safety valve H¹; and
lastly, that the interior of the furnace A and of the evaporator B are lined with
fire-bricks P.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature and object of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed or carried out in
practice, I hereby declare that I claim the said Invention of Improvements in
Boilers or Generators for Steam and Hot Air combined," substantially as the same
is herein-before set forth and described, and illustrated by the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Morgan, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty-first day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand
THOMAS MORGAN. (L.S.)