IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING ANIMAL CHARCOAL IN THE PROCESS OF REVIVIFICATION AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Fryer, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Sugar Refiner, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TREATING ANIMAL CHARCOAL IN THE PROCESS OF REVIVIFICATION AND IN
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Sealed the 11th November 1864, and dated the 14th May 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Fryer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th May 1864.
I, ALFRED FRYER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Sugar.
Refiner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN TREATING ANIMAL CHARCOAL IN THE PROCESS OF REVIVIFICATION, AND IN
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
My improvements have reference to treating animal charcoal after it has
been reburnt, and to drying animal charcoal after it has been removed from
the charcoal cisterns previously to being reburnt.
A
My Invention consists, first, in taking the charcoal direct from the kiln or
reburning apparatus, and bringing it whilst hot into contact with steam.
convenient mode of doing this is to place the charcoal when sufficiently heated
in the reburning apparatus within a conical vessel having an aperture in the
apex or lower end. The stream of hot charcoal issuing from the apex
comes in contact with a jet of steam provided for that purpose, which acts
upon the charcoal, reduces its temperature, separates the grains, exposes
them to the air, and spreads them over a considerable space.

page_text: The second part of my Invention consists in bringing hot charcoal after it
has been heated in the reburning apparatus into contact with a rapidly
rotating horizontal plate or disc, whereby the hot grains of charcoal are
dispersed, separated from each other, and brought into immediate contact
with cold air, which acts upon and cools them.
My improvements in drying animal charcoal before being reburnt consist
in the employment of conical-shaped pipes (a convenient size for which is
found to be about 3 feet long, 21 inches inner diameter at the top, and 24
inches at the bottom). The pipes are arranged vertically within a chamber,
which is most economically heated by the waste heat from the reburning
apparatus, but it may be otherwise heated. The pipes are filled with the
damp charcoal at their top, and the charcoal is discharged from the lower ends
of the pipes when it is as much dried as is desired.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alfred Fryer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th
November 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
FRYER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Sugar Refiner, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Alfred Fryer, Her special licence that I, the said Alfred:
Fryer, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Alfred Fryer, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TREATING ANIMAL CHARCOAL IN THE PROCESS OF REVIVIFICATION, AND IN APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon. the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Alfred Fryer, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent

page_text: Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Fryer, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof; that is to say :-
My improvements have reference to treating animal charcoal after it has
been reburnt, and to drying animal charcoal after it has been removed from
the charcoal cisterns previously to being reburnt.
My Invention consists, first, in taking the charcoal.direct from the kiln or
reburning apparatus and bringing it while hot into contact with steam.. A
convenient mode of doing this is to place the charcoal when sufficiently heated
in the reburning apparatus within a conical vessel having an aperture in the
apex or lower end; the stream of hot charcoal issuing from the apex comes in
contact with a jet of steam provided for that purpose, which acts upon the
charcoal, reduces its temperature, separates the grains, exposes them to the
air, and spreads them over a considerable space.
The second part of my Invention consists in bringing hot charcoal after it
has been heated in the reburning apparatus into contact with a rapidly
rotating horizontal plate or disc, whereby the hot grains of charcoal are
dispersed, separated from each other, and brought into immediate contact
with cold air which acts upon and cools them; or I effect the same object by
discharging the red hot charcoal from the kiln or revivifier into a rotating
horizontal cylinder open at both ends (which I prefer to be made of wrought
iron, and about 2 feet in diameter and 6 to 12 feet long). The cylinder
contains vanes, so that the charcoal is shaken about by the rotation of the
cylinder, and is exposed to a current of air driven through the cylinder by
means of a fan. The current of air acts upon and cools the charcoal, and
carries it along the cylinder, and eventually out of it.
My improvements in drying animal charcoal before being reburnt consist
in the employment of conical-shaped pipes (a convenient size for which is
found to be about three feet long, two inches and a quarter inner diameter at
the top, and two inches and three-quarters at the bottom). The pipes are
arranged vertically within a chamber, which is most economically heated by
the waste heat from the reburning apparatus, but it may be otherwise heated.
The pipes are filled with the damp charcoal at their top, and the charcoal is
discharged from the lower ends of the pipes when it is as much dried as
is required.

page_text: And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First, cooling animal charcoal after revivification by means of steam and
exposure to the air, substantially in manner herein-before described.
Second, cooling animal charcoal after revivification by bringing it in contact. 5
with revolving bodies, whereby it is dispersed or separated and exposed to the
air, as herein-before described.
And, third, the employment of an apparatus composed of conical pipes
enclosed in a heating chamber placed vertically and of larger diameter at
bottom than at top for the purpose of drying animal charcoal previous to 1
revivification.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Fryer, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eleventh day of November, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-four.
ALFRED FRYER. (L.S.)