Improvements in the Manufacture of Pile Fabrics.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Dec., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 21st Sept., 1898-Accepted, 22nd Oct.,
1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Pile Fabrics.
I, ALEXANDER MORTON, of the Firm of Alexander Morton and Company,
Manufacturers, Darvel, Ayrshire, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of pile fabrics and it has for its object
the simultaneous production in a jacquard or other loom of a treble cloth or three
fabrics connected together only by pile forming warp or warps which are subse-
quently severed and in the weaving of which the pile forming warps are so
manipulated that they are all equally drawn upon, and consequently the pile warps
may be carried or wound upon and delivered from a beam instead of from a bank
of bobbins..
In the weaving of the fabrics, six cloth forming warps may conveniently be
carried through each split of the reed of the loom and three separate sheds of the
warp are formed by suitable operation of the heddles or jacquard mechanism,
and the treble cloth or three cloths tied together by the pile forming warps are
formed by throwing weft shots through each shed. For convenience in manipu-
lating the cloth forming warps the sheds for the top and bottom cloths are formed
simultaneously, a weft shot being thrown through each shed, and the shed for
the middle cloth is separately opened and a weft shot thrown through it, the
middle cloth shed being thus formed alternately with the sheds for the top and
bottom cloths.
A single pile forming warp may be carried through each split of the reed and
by the operation of the jacquard it is tied or woven into the middle cloth, raised
or crossed into the top cloth, or lowered into the bottom cloth as may be desired.
Thus where the figure is to appear in the form of pile in the top and middle cloth
the pile forming warp crosses from middle to top cloth and vice versa, and where
it is to appear in the bottom and middle cloth it crosses from middle to bottom
cloth and vice versa. When the cloths are severed by cutting the pile forming
warps as the weaving proceeds the middle cloth has a pile formed on both sides,
and the top and bottom cloths have each a pile formed on one side only. In the
middle cloth the pile forming warp will appear on both sides, on one side in the
form of pile formed by the crossing of the warp into the adjoining cloth and on
the opposite side at the same point without any pile or as plain cloth but with a
figure produced by the tieing of the pile warp where no crossing of the warp has
taken place, the fabric produced being a reversible one. In the top and bottom
cloths the pile only appears at the points where the warp crosses from the middle
cloth to the top or bottom or vice versa, and the intervening portions of the fabric
are plain cloth or form the ground.
Two pile forming warps of different colours may be carried through each split
of the reed and by the operation of the jacquard both warps are tied or woven
into the middle cloth and one warp is raised into the top cloth or crosses from
middle to top cloth and vice versa whilst the other warp is lowered into the bottom

page_text: cloth or crosses from middle to bottom cloth and rice versa. To suit the exigencies
of the pattern desired the warp thus used to form pile between the middle and top
cloth is as required lowered to cross and form pile between the middle and bottom
cloths whilst the warp crossing between the bottom and middle cloths is at the
same time raised into the middle cloth and crossed to form pile between the middle
and top cloths. By this means figured pile is formed on both sides of the middle
cloth and figured pile on the face of both the top and bottom cloth.
In a further modification instead of employing pile warps dyed each of a single
colour throughout their entire length, a pile forming warp is used which is printed
in different colours throughout its length in the same manner or in a manner
similar to that practised in the manufacture of tapestry carpets. In this case
one printed warp may be used to cross from the middle to the top cloth and
vice versa and another similarly printed warp used to cross from the middle to
the bottom cloth so that the faces of the top and bottom cloths when finished are
formed with like figured pile and the middle cloth has the same figured pile but
on both sides. Or two warps may cross one from the top and another from the
bottom cloth to the middle cloth whilst two similar warps cross from the middle
cloth to the top and bottom respectively. By crossing the pile forming warps
of the lower cloths to the upper cloths and those of the upper cloths to the lower
cloths shaded effects may be produced in the figured piles.
In each case the draft on the pile forming warps is equal throughout owing to
one set of warps crossing between the two upper cloths while the other set of
warps crosses between the two lower cloths and thus the pile forming warps may
all be wound upon the same beam.
1000
Improvements in the Manufacture of Pile Fabrics.
I, ALEXANDER MORTON, of the Firm of Alexander Morton and Company,
Manufacturers, Darvel, Ayrshire, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of pile fabrics and it has for its object
the simultaneous production in a jacquard or other loom of a treble cloth or three
fabrics connected together only by pile forming warp or warps which are subse-
quently severed and in the weaving of which the pile forming warps are so
manipulated that they are all equally drawn upon and consequently the pile warps
may be carried or wound upon and delivered from a beam instead of from a bank
of bobbins.
In the weaving of the fabrics, as represented in the accompanying drawing,
six cloth-forming warps may conveniently be carried through each split of the
reed of the loom and three separate sheds of the warp are formed by suitable
operation of the heddles or jacquard mechanism, and the treble cloth or three
cloths A, B, C, tied together by the pile forming warps are formed by throwing
weft shots through each shed.. For convenience in manipulating the cloth

page_text: forming warps the sheds for the top cloth A and bottom cloth C are formed
simultaneously, a weft shot F and G respectively being thrown through each shed,
and the shed for the middle cloth B is separately opened and a weft shot H
thrown through it, the middle cloth shed being thus formed alternately with
the sheds for the top and bottom cloths A. and C.
A single pile forming warp may be carried through each split of the reed and
by the operation of the jacquard it is tied or woven into the middle cloth B,
raised or crossed into the top cloth A, or lowered into the bottom cloth C as may
be desired. Thus where the figure is to appear in the form of pile in the top and
middle cloth A and B respectively the pile forming warp crosses from mique
to top cloth and vice versa, and where it is to appear in the bottom and middle
cloth it crosses from middle to bottom cloth and vice versa. When
the cloths A, B, C, are severed by cutting the pile forming warps as the weaving
proceeds the middle cloth B has a pile formed on both sides, and the top and
bottom cloths A, C, have each a pile formed on one side only. In the middle
cloth B the pile forming warp will appear on both sides, on one side in the form
of pile formed by the crossing of the warp into the adjoining cloth and on the
opposite side at the same point without any pile or as plain cloth but with a
figure produced by the tieing of the pile warps where no crossing of the warp
has taken place, the fabric produced being a reversible one. In the top and
bottom cloths A and C the pile only appears at the points where the warp crosses
from the middle cloth B to the top or bottom A, C, or vice versa, and the inter-
vening portions of the fabric are plain cloth or form the ground.
To
Two pile forming warps D, E, of different colours may be carried through each
split of the reed and by the operation of the jacquard both warps D, E, are tied
or woven into the middle cloth B and one warp is raised into the top cloth A or
crosses from middle to top cloth and vice versa whilst the other warp is lowered
into the bottom cloth or crosses from middle to bottom cloth and vice versa.
suit the exigencies of the pattern desired the warp D thus used to form pile
between the middle and top cloth B and A respectively is as required lowered to
cross and form pile between the middle and bottom cloth B and C whilst the
warp E crossing between the bottom and middle cloths B, C, is at the same time
raised into the middle cloth B and crossed to form pile between the middle and
top cloths B, A. By this means figured pile is formed on both sides of the middle
cloth and figured pile on the face of both the top and bottom cloth.
In a further modification instead of employing pile warps dyed each of a single
colour throughout their entire length, a pile forming warp is used which is printed
of different colours throughout its length in the same manner or in a manner
similar to that, practised in the manufacture of tapestry carpets. In this case
one printed warp may be used to cross from the middle to the top cloth and
vice versa and another similarly printed warp used to cross from the middle to
the bottom cloth so that the faces of the top and bottom cloths when finished are
formed with like figured pile and the middle cloth has the same figured pile but
on both sides. Or two warps may cross one from the top and another from the
bottom cloth to the middle cloth whilst two similar warps cross from the middle
cloth to the top and bottom respectively. By crossing the pile forming warps
of the lower cloths to the upper cloths and those of the upper cloths to the lower
cloths shaded effects may be produced in the figured piles.
In each case the draft on the pile forming warps is equal throughout owing to
one set of warps crossing between the two upper cloths A, B, while the other set
of warps crosses between the two lower cloths B, C, and thus the pile forming
warps may all be wound upon the same beam.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
+

page_text: 1. The manufacture of figured pile fabrics as described by simultaneously
weaving three cloths or fabrics connected only by pile forming warp or warps
which are subsequently severed to separate the fabrics and which by the action
of heddles or jacquard mechanism are so crossed from fabric to fabric that all
of the pile warps are equally drawn upon as the weaving proceeds and the usual
bank of bobbins may be replaced by a beam carrying the warps.
2. The manufacture of figured pile fabrics as described by simultaneously
weaving three cloths or fabrics connected by pile forming warps having the
pattern printed thereon and which are subsequently severed to separate the fabrics
the warps being so crossed from fabric to fabric that they are equally drawn upon
as the weaving proceeds.
WALLACE FAIRWEATHER,
Of the Firm of Cruikshank & Fairweather,
Chartered Patent Agents, 62, Saint Vincent Street, Glasgow,
Agent for the Applicant.