IMPROVEMENTS IN TUYERES FOR SMITHS' FIRES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Augustus Westwood, of West Bromwich, in the County of
Stafford, Mechanical Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TUYERES FOR SMITHS' FIRES."
Scaled the 29th October 1878, and dated the 15th May 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Augustus Westwood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th May 1878.
AUGUSTUS WESTWOOD, of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford, Mechanical
Engineer, "IMPROVEMENTS IN TUYERES FOR SMITHS' FIRES."
My Invention consists in the construction and arrangement herein-after described
of the parts of smiths' tuyeres, whereby the blast of air delivered by the tuyere is
strongly heated before emerging from the tuyere, and a vigorous combustion and
higher temperature obtained than can be obtained by the use of tuyeres of the
ordinary construction.
I make the tuyere, by preference, of cast iron, and of a diameter about one-third
that of the hearth in which it is fixed.
The external figure of the tuyore is that of an upright cylinder with a nearly
hemispherical or dome-shaped head.
The cylindrical body of the tuyere is hollow, and has a diaphragm or division in
its interior having nearly the figure of a tube open on one side, the said tubular
diaphragm being situated concentrically in the cylindrical body of the tuyero.
The central or delivery pipe of the tuyere is conical, its smallest end forming the
delivery jet.
The blast of air is introduced at the side of the tuyere and strikes against
the part of the internal tubular diaphragm or division opposite to the open
part.
The part of the division against which the blast strikes has a projecting edge,' by
which the blast is divided into two currents which pass round the tubular dia-
phragm, and meet and coalesce at the open side of the said diaphragm, at which open
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page_text: side they enter the central delivery pipe, and pass from thence in one plast into the
fire.
The cylindrical body of the tuyere has a guide opposite the opening in the
diaphragm, by which guide the two currents of air arriving in opposite directions
are deflected and made to enter the central delivery pipe side by side.
As the central and hottest part of the fire rests upon the dome of the tuyeres, the
said dome and other parts of the tuyere become highly heated.
The blast of air in passing through the body of the tuyere to the central delivery
pipe in the manner explained is heated by contact with the heated body, dome, and
diaphragm of the tuyere, and by the high temperature which it possesses when
it is delivered to the fire produces a very active combustion of the fuel on the
hearth.
The body of the tuyere is provided with a sliding bottom, by the drawing out of
which, dust and other matter accumulated in the tuyere may be allowed to fall into
the ash-pit.
A vertical rod in the axis of the central delivery pipe may be raised and lowered
by a lever for the purpose of removing clinkers or other obstructions in the said
delivery pipe.
Where the hearth is constructed for heating lengths of iron, such for example, as
the edges of boiler plates for the purpose of flanging the said plates, I modify my
Invention in the following manner-I make the body of the tuyere in the form
of a horizontal channel crossing the middle of the hearth and situated a few inches
below the level of the hearth.
The upper side of the said channel is perforated with holes, through which the
heated air passes and urges the fire from front to back of the furnace, that is,
produces vigorous combustion in the line of the edge of the plate or article to be
heated.

page_text: .SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Augustus Westwood in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th
November 1878.
AUGUSTUS WESTWOOD, of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford, Mechanical
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TUYERES FOR SMITHS' FIRES."
My Invention consists in the construction and arrangement herein-after described
of the parts of smiths' tuyeres, whereby the blast of air delivered by the tuyere is
strongly heated before emerging from the tuyere, and a more vigorous combustion
and higher temperature obtained than can be obtained by the use of tuyeres of tho
ordinary construction.
I make the tuyere, by preference, of cast iron, and of a diameter about one-third
that of the hearth in which it is fixed.
The external figure of the tuyere is that of an upright cylinder with a nearly
hemispherical or dome-shaped head.
The cylindrical body of the tuyere is hollow, and has a diaphragm or division
in its exterior having nearly the figure of a tube open on one side, the said
tubular diaphragm being situated concentrically in the cylindrical body of the
tuyere..
The central or delivery pipe of the tuyere is conical, its smallest end forming the
delivery jet..
The blast of air is introduced at the side of the tuyere and strikes against
the part of the internal tubular diaphragın or division opposite to the open part of
the body.
The part of the division against which the blast strikes has a projecting edge, by
which the blast is divided into two currents, which pass round the tubular dia-
phragm and meet and coalesce at the open side of the said diaphragm, at which open
side they enter the central delivery pipe, and pass from thence in one blast to the
fire.
The cylindrical body of the tuyere has a guide opposite the opening in the
diaphragm by which guide the two currents of air arriving in opposite directions
are deflected and made to enter the central delivery pipe side by side.
As the central and hottest part of the fire rests upon the dome of the tuyere, the
said dome and other parts of the tuyere become highly heated.
The blast of air in passing through the body of the tuyere to the central delivery
pipe in the manner explained is heated by contact with the heated body, dome, and
diaphragm of the tuyere, and by the high temperature which it possesses, when it
is delivered to the fire, produces a very active combustion of the fuel on the
hearth.
The body of the tuyere is provided with a sliding bottom, by the drawing out of
which, dust and other matter accumulated in the tuyere may be allowed to fall into
the ash-pit.
A vertical rod in the axis of the central delivery pipe may be raised and lowered
by a lever for the purpose.of removing clinkers or other obstructions in the said
delivery pipe.
Where the hearth is constructed for heating lengths of iron, such for example, as
the edges of the boiler plates for the purpose of flanging the said plates, I modify
my Invention in the following manner:-I make the body of the tuyere in the form
of a horizontal channel crossing the middle of the hearth, and situated a few inches
below the level of the hearth.
The upper side of the said channel is perforated with holes, through which the
heated air passes and urges the fire from the front to the back of the furnace, that
is, produces vigorous combustion in the line of the edge of the plate or article to be
heated.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawing the
manner in which my Invention may be performed.

page_text: Figure 1 represents in longitudinal section, and Figure 2 in side elevation, a
tuyero for a smith's fire, the parts of the said tuyere being constructed and arranged
according to my Invention; Figure 3 represents the same partly in plan of upper
side, and partly in horizontal section, the said section being taken on the line a, a,
Figure 1; Figure 4 represents a plan of under side of the same with the sliding
plate or bottom in its withdrawn position.
Figure 5 represents an elevation of the clearing rod detached.
Figure 6 represents in horizontal section, and Figure 7 in vertical section, drawn
to a smaller scale, 'the said tuyere applied to a smith's hearth.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in Figures 1 to 7 of the
Drawing.
'b is the hollow body of the tuyere having a cylindrical figure internally, and by
preference an octagonal or other angular figure externally. The said body b is
covered by a nearly hemispherical or dome-shaped head or cover c.
Arranged concentrically within the said hollow body b of the tuyere is a tubular
diaphragm or division d, the said tubular diaphragm or division. being cylindrical
externally and conical internally. An annular space is thereby formed between the
body bund diaphragm the said annular space forming a narrow channel exposing
large heated surface to the air traversing the said channel. The conical internal
part of tho diaphragm & forms the delivery pipe e.
The dome-like cover chas a central oblong opening f in it, forming a continuation
of the delivery pipe e, the said opening of constituting the delivery jet of the
tuyero.
At the side of the tuyere is a blast pipe ½ opening into the body b (see Figure 3),
and the exterior of the diaphragm d opposite the pipe 7 has a projecting V shaped
edge for dividing the entering blast of air.
The side of the diaphragm d, opposite that containing the projecting edge d², is
open at g, as best seen in Figure 3, the said open side g extending from the top to
the bottom of the diaphragm, and the interior of the body b opposite the opening d
has a V shaped projecting edge or deflector i for deflecting the blast of air into the
delivery pipe.
The body b of the diaphragm is provided with a horizontal plate k and cross
pieces, by which the tuyere is fixed in the hearth of the smiths' fire, as seen
in Figures 6 and 7.
The body b, concentric tubular diaphragm d, and supporting plate k, k³, are made,
by preference, in one piece by casting.
The dome-like cover c is made separately by casting, and is fixed to the body by
cement, or in any other convenient manner.
Half of the bottom of the body b is open, and working in the parts k³, ke³; near the
bottom of the said body is a sliding plate or bottom , by which the bottom of the
body may be opened for removing dust or other matter accumulating in the
tuyere.
The sliding plate is moved by the rod and handle m, the said rod and handle
being fixed after the said sliding plate has been pushed home by the cotter n; pis
the vertical rod working in the delivery pipe e and jet f of the tuyere for removing
clinkers or other obstructions in the delivery pipe. It is raised and lowered by
the lever 7, the axis r of which works in bearings on the end of the carrying
plate. The said lever q is moved by the handle q² on the square end of the
axis r.
The head of the clearing rod 2 is expanded, as seen in Figure 5, for filling up and
clearing the delivery jet f of the tuyere when raised.
The blast is supplied to the tuyere from the main blast pipes (see Figure 6) by
the branch pipe t which is connected with the blast pipe h in the side of the
tuyere.
The blast of air entering the body b of the tuyere by the pipe / strikes against
the V shaped projection d² on the internal tubular diaphragm d.
By the blast of air striking against the said projection it is divided into two

page_text: currents which pass round the annular space or channel between the body b and
diaphragm d, and meet and coalesce at the open side g of the diaphragm, at which
open side they enter the central delivery pipe e, and pass out by the delivery jet f
in one blast to the fire.
As the two currents arrive opposite the open side g of the diaphragm d, they are
deflected and made to enter together, the central delivery pipe e by the shaped
guide or deflector i, as will be understood by an examination of Figure 3.
By an examination of Figure 7, it will be seen that the central and hottest part
of the fire on the hearth rests upon the dome c of the tuyere, hence the said dome
and body and diaphragm become highly heated, and the blast in circulating through
the said tuyere as described becomes heated by contact with the said heated parts,
and the said heated blast when delivered to the fire produces a very active com-
bustion of the fuel on the hearth.
Figure 8 represents in plan of upper side a buyere constructed according to my
Invention to be used for heating lengths of iron, such for example, as lengths of
boiler plates for flanging the said plates; u, u, is the body of the tuyere consisting
of an oblong channel having oblong holes v, v, at its top for delivering the heated
blast; w, w, are the pipes supplying the blast to the tuyere.
Each of the delivery holes v, v, may be surrounded by a diaphragm similar in
construction to the diaphragm d, described with respect to Figures 1, 3, and 4.
The said diaphragms receive heat from the top of the tuyere, and the blasts of air
from the supply pipes w, w, circulate around the said diaphragıns by which they
are heated before being delivered at the jets or delivery holes v, v.
The lever carries three arms y, y, y, in the ends of which are supported
clearing rods similar to the rod p, Figures 1, 2, 3, and 5, for clearing out the
jets v, v, in the body of the tuyere.
Although I have only represented my Invention as applied to an open smith's
hearth or fire, yet my Invention may also be applied to portable smiths' hearths
or fires as well as to closed hearths, or fires having reverberatory or other closed
chambers.
Having now described the nature of my Invention and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I claim as my Invention of
improvements in tuyeres for smiths' fires,―
First. Constructing and arranging within the body of the tuyere a tubular dia-
phragm or division, whereby the blast of air from the supply pipe is divided, and
made to traverse a narrow channel by contact with the heated surfaces, of which as
well as by contact with the heated surface of the delivery pipe and jet, the said
blast of air becomes strongly heated before passing from the said delivery jet, sub-
stantially as herein-before described, and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7
of the accompanying Drawing.
Secondly. The modification of the tuyere herein-before described, and illustrated
in Figure 8 of the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly. The combination with tuyeres of the kinds described, and illustrated in
the accompanying Drawing, of mechanism for clearing the tuyeres from clinkers
and dust and other accumulations.
In witness whereof, I, the said Augustus Westwood, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventh day of November, in the year of our Lord
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
AUGUSTUS WESTWOOD. (LS.)