IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBRES to be as follows:
Year: 1884

page_text: We WILLIAM LEACH and JAMES PEARSON of 54, Paxton Street, Accrington,
Lancashire, Mechanical Engineers do hereby declare the nature of our invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON, WOOL,
AND OTHER FIBRES to be as follows:-
"
This Invention has reference to machinery employed in spinning and doubling
cotton, wool, and other fibres upon what is commonly called "Mule Throstles " but
our improvements are equally applicable to other machinery employed in spinning
and doubling either on the bare spindle, or onto tubes or bobbins placed thereon.
For the purpose of carrying out our Invention we mount spindles in the bottom
rail of the machine, to which rail we give a rising and falling motion.
In the top rail (which is stationary) we fix a tubular bush or cup having an
inner tube, upon which tube we place a tubular wharle, having one or more eyelets
thereon for winding the thread upon the spindle or tube.
That part of the cup in which the tube of the wharle runs is supplied with oil,
thereby freely and continuously lubricating the said wharle, rendering it capable
of running at a high speed.
The foot of the spindle rests in a suitable footstep in the lifting rail and passes
up through a tube or bracket attached to the said rail. This tubular bracket is
bushed or contracted at the top so as to keep the spindle perfectly upright and
steady.
The yarn under operation comes from the delivery rollers to one or more eyelets
attached to the wharle, from whence it passes to the spindle, onto which it is wound
the tension thereon dragging the spindle or causing it to revolve, the rotation
varying according to the difference between the outer diameter of the cop and the
bare spindle. The wharle and spindle revolve at different speeds, the former at
one uniform speed, but the latter varying according to its varying diameter, the
necessary varying drag to tighten the yarn being obtained by means of small
weighted horizontal arms attached to vertical arms fixed on a rocking shaft
connected to the bottom rail. This rocking shaft receives its motion from a cam
acting on another lever fixed to the said shaft.
The weighted lever is connected by a link or hook to a bell crank lever, one end
of which bears against the spindle, the pressure thereon varying as the cop is
formed, the rocking shaft operating the weighted levers so as to increase or decrease
the drag just when required.

page_text: A modification of the method of putting drag on the spindle consists in the use
of a reciprocating bar in front or near the bottom lifting rail, this bar is provided
with pegs, or projections which bear upon one arm of a bell crank lever, the
opposite end of the said lever bearing against the spindle so that the backward and
forward movement of the reciprocating bar puts a varying pressure onto the bell
crank lever, consequently a varying drag on the spindle, all of which parts are set
and adjusted to suit the shape of the cop.
The reciprocatory .bar receives its motion from a cam on the "heart" shaft,
acting on a short lever at the bottom of a vertical rod, which rod is connected to
the reciprocatory bar through the intervention of a slotted bracket and slotted
lever.
The length of the backward and forward stroke of the reciprocating bar can be
altered when required by the movement of a stud in the slotted bracket, which
stud can be conveniently moved by a screw and hand wheel, or other suitable
arrangement.
Our Invention also relates to a new copping motion employed for forming and
building the cop.
For this purpose we employ the usual "heart" wheel acting upon a bowl on a
lever, having a sliding rack on one side thereof in which gears a worm, the shaft
of said worm also having a ratchet wheel thereon.
On the usual lifting shaft we place an adjustable pulley (preferably eccentric)
and a bar, forming a chain block, to which is attached one end of a chain, the other
end of such chain being attached to the sliding rack in the lever.
The rotary motion of the "heart" wheel depresses the said lever thereby taking
up more chain and raising the lifting rail, the downward motion of the lever also
causes a catch or pawl in gear with the ratchet wheel to take up one or two teeth,
consequently the worm on the ratchet wheel shaft moves the sliding rack forward,
giving a little more length of chain, and this is effected at every revolution of the
"heart" wheel allowing the lifting rail to lower gradually for the purpose of
tapering or forming the nose of the cop.
When forming the cop bottom, the chain does not for the time being bear upon
the eccentric pulley, but soon after it commences to revolve, it lays hold of the
chain building up the cop parallel and as the rack is slowly but continuously
moving and giving out more length of chain, the lifting rail continuos to increase
its descent and so complete the cop.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
We, WILLIAM LEACH and JAMES PEARSON, of 54, Paxton Street, Accrington,
Lancashire, Mechanical Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of our invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON, WOOL,
AND OTHER FIBRES," and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has reference to machinery employed in spinning and doubling
cotton, wool, and other fibres upon what is commonly called "Mule Throstles," but
our improvements are equally applicable to other machinery employed in spinning
and doubling either on the bare spindle, or onto tubes or bobbins placed thereon.
ย

page_text: In order that our invention may be better understood we herein give reference
to the accompanying sheets of drawings wherein Fig 1 is cross section of so much
of a "Mule Throstle "as is necessary to illustrate our improvements, and Figs 2 and 3
are enlarged views of some of the parts, wherein 1 is framing of machine, 2 tin
cylinder for driving wharles, 3 ordinary bottom lifting rail, and 4 top rail which is
stationary. In this top rail we fix a tubular bush or cup 5 which we supply with
oil or other lubricant at the opening 6, and on the inner ring of the cup 5, we place
the wharle 7, the lower part of which enters the cup as seen in the drawings,
whereby the said wharle is freely and continuously supplied with oil. The foot of
the spindle 8 rests in a suitable footstep 9 fixed in the bottom of the tube or
bracket 10 attached to the lifting rail by set-screws 11 or other means, which said
tube is bushed at its upper end 12 for the purpose of supporting the spindlo,
whereby it is kept perfectly upright and steady.
The yarn under operation comes from the delivery rollers 13 to one or more
eyelets 14 attached to the wharle, from whence the yarn passes to the spindle onto
which it is wound, the tension thereon pulling the spindle around, the rotation
varying according to the difference between the outer diameter of the cop and the
bare spindle; the wharle however is driven positively and at one uniform speed
by band from the tin cylinder, consequently the spindle and wharle rotate at
different speeds. In order to obtain and apply the necessary varying drag to
tighten the yarn as it is being wound upon the spindle, we employ small horizontal
arms a carrying weights 15. These arms are connected to long rods 16 running
lengthwise of the machine, such rods receiving a to and fro motion by arm 17 from
rocking shaft 18. A bell-crank lever 19 is attached to the inner side of the tube 10,
the front end of which is connected by hook or link 20 to the weighted arms a,
whilst the rear end 21 of said bell-crank lever is bearing against the spindle, the
pressure of which varies according to requirement, to suit the cop which is being
built up, the varying pressure being derived from the rocking shaft 18 which is
operated from cam 22 (see Figs 9 and 10) fixed on the vertical shaft 23, driven by
bevil wheels 24 from heart shaft 25.
It will be understood that when the arm or lever a is in a horizontal position,
that the link or hook 20 will be drawn down, thereby depressing the front end of
the bell-crank lever 19, bringing the other end (which is covered with leather or
other suitable material) to bear with more pressure against the spindle, and this
occurs at the full part of the cop, but when the arm or lever a assumes the position
shewn in dotted line, the link 20 and leaver 19 are released, and the tension on the
spindle is reduced.
A modification of the means we employ for putting drag on the spindle is shewn
in sheet 2 where Fig 4 is part section and Fig 5 front elevation of the
"mule
throstle," Fig 6 is enlarged view of some of the parts and Fig 7 plan of same.
26 is a reciprocatory bar caused to slide end wise in brackets 27 connected to and
carried up and down by the lifting rail 3. The said reciprocatory bar is provided
with studs 29 onto which is placed a weighted lever 30 carrying at one end a small
grooved bowl 31, the said bowl bearing on the lower arm of the bell-crank lever 19
attached to the inside of the tube 10 whilst the other end of said bell-crank lever
bears against the spindle as previously explained. It will be understood that when
the reciprocatory bar 26 moves in the direction of the arrow 33, that the bowl 31,
(which it will be observed is on the weighted end b of the lever 30,) will advance
to the end of the bell-crank lever whereby it will be depressed to such an extent
that its other end will be brought to bear against the spindle, the pressure thereof
varying according to requirement, such varying drag being obtained as hereinafter
explained. The opposite movement of the reciprocatory bar releases the bell-crank
lever.
Reciprocatory motion is given to bar 26 by cam 34 fixed upon the heart shaft 25
through the intervention of the square vertical rocking shaft 35, which is supported
by top and bottom brackets 36, the said rocking shaft receiving it oscillatory motion
from cam 34 by means of a stud attached to the top of the bracket 37 entering a

page_text: groove in the said cam. 38 is a slotted plate, formed with a boss 39 fitting loosely
upon the square vertical shaft 35, and capable of sliding up and down thereon by
means of arms 40 connected to the lifting rail 3. It will therefore be seen that
when the lifting rail moves either up or down, that it carries with it, the
reciprocatory bar and all the parts connected thereto, as the boss 39 of the slotted
plate 38 slides up and down the square rocking shaft. In order to regulate the
extent of motion given to the reciprocatory bar 26, a bracket having an arm 41 is
employed, and connected to the bar 26, such arm being slotted and provided with
an adjustable stud 42, through which passes a screw 43 operated by handle 44; if
therefore the "throw" of the reciprocatory bar is to be altered, this can easily be
done by turning the handle 44 in the required direction, when the stud 42 will be
moved in the slotted brackets. When the reciprocatory bar requires to be stationary,
the clutch box 45 which drives the cam is disconnected therefrom by depressing
handle 46.
When spinning heavy yarns it is not necessary for the bowl 31 to retire close up
to the arm 19 of the bell-crank lever, we therefore employ an eccentric e by which
we can throw the reciprocatory bar forward or backward according to requirement.
Our invention also relates to a new copping motion employed for forming and
building the cop. For this purpose we employ the usual heart wheel, acting upon
a bowl on a lever, having a sliding rack on one side thereof in which gears a worm,
the shaft of said worm also having a ratchet wheel thereon. On the usual lifting
shaft we place an adjustable pulley (preferably eccentric) and a bar, forming a chain
block, to which is attached one end of a chain, the other end of such chain being
attached to the sliding rack in the lever. The rotary motion of the heart wheel
depresses the said lever, thereby taking up more chain and raising the lifting rail,
the downward motion of the lever also causes a catch or pawl in gear with the
ratchet wheel to take up one or two teeth, consequently the worm on the ratchet
wheel shaft moves the sliding rack forward, giving a little more length of chain
and this is effected at every revolution of the heart wheel, allowing the lifting rail
to lower gradually for the purpose of tapering or forming the nose of the cop.
This part of our invention is shewn in Figs 9 and 10 on sheets 3 and 4, where
the former is front elevation and the latter end view of the machine having our
improvements applied thereto. 1 is framing, 3 the lifting rail, and 47 the lifting
shaft on which is fixed, eccentrically, the pulley 48 having a bar 49 secured onto
the face thereof. To the pulley c on the lifting shaft we attach one end of a short
chain 50, the other end of said chain being attached to the lifting rail 3, and to one
end of the bar 49 we attach another chain 51, the other end of the said chain being
connected to a rack 52 capable of sliding backward and forward on the face of the
long arm or lever 53 hinged to the framing at 54. The heart wheel or cam is
shewn at 55, the periphery of which is always in contact with an anti-friction
bowl 56 working on a stud projecting from the lever arm 53, and the parts are 60
arranged that for every revolution of the heart wheel, the lever arm is depressed
into its lowest position as shewn on the drawings. A worm 57 supported in
suitable brackets is employed and gears with the rack 52, the shaft of which said
worm extends to the front of the machine and carries a ratchet wheel 58, in the
teeth of which is a pushing pawl 59 connected to a short arm 60 fastened on the
worm shaft, and a retaining catch 61 connected to the end of the lever arm 53 is
also in gear with the ratchet wheel. It will be apparent that when the heart
wheel depresses the lever 53 that the chain 51 will be taken up, causing the
eccentric pulley 48 to rotate with the lifting shaft, whereby the lifting rail 3 will
be raised, and just before the lifting rail has reached its lowest point of descent, the
catch 59 which is in gear, with the ratchet wheel 58, will be brought against the
stop piece 62, in such manner as to push the ratchet wheel around a tooth or so,
according to requirement, the effect of which is to cause the worm to rotate and
thereby slide the rack towards the front of the machine so as to give out more
length of chain, and this is repeated at every revolution of the heart wheel,
therefore the distance the lifting rail lowers is increased, consequently the cop

page_text: bottom is evenly built up to its full length; but when a sufficient length of
chain 51 has been let out, as to allow the bar 49 to rise into the position shewn by
dotted line d, then the chain 51 commences to bear upon the eccentric pulley 48,
when the machine builds the cop parallel until completed.
We have referred to the pulley 48 as being placed eccentrically on the lifting
shaft 47, the particular use of which is to cross the "laps" so as to build up a firm
cop, and this is effected by the chain 51 getting onto the slack side of the eccentric
at one part of its rotary movement, and on the full side on the other part of its
rotary movement, by which means the "laps" are crossed and the nose of the cop
shortened.
The cop motion herein described is arranged for working one side of the machine,
but the same motions are transmitted to the opposite side by the chain 64 connected
to pulley 65 on the lifting shaft 47.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
Firstly. The use and employment of the lubricating bush or cup 5, in which the
lower part of the wharle 7 rotates for the purpose of lubricating same, in manner
substantially as herein described and shewn on sheet 1.
Secondly. The use and employment of the tubular bracket 10 fixed to the
bottom rail of the machine, such bracket being bushed or contracted for the purpose
of steadying the spindle, in manner as described and shewn on sheet 1.
Thirdly. The use and employment of the bell-crank lever 19 for putting drag on
the spindles.
Fourthly. The two methods, substantially as herein shewn and described for
actuating the bell-crank lever 19.
Fifthly. The use and employment of the rack 52 and worm 57, operated in the
manner shewn, for the purpose of giving out more length to the chain 51 as
described.
Sixthly. The use and employment of the eccentric pulley 48, for the purposes
set forth.
Seventhly. The use and employment of the arm 49 for forming the cop bottom,
operated in the manner set forth.
Dated thiol 1
T
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