matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSERS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Waddington and Benjamin
Longbottom at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st March
1877.
JOSEPH WADDINGTON and BENJAMIN LONGBOTTOM, both of Barrow in Furness, in
the County of Lancaster, Engineers. 'IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSERS."
This Invention consists of a novel method of converting high-pressure engines
into condensing engines by means of a cold blast air surface condenser; the con-
densed steam, in the form of water, being forced back into the steam boiler without
having come into contact with the air, which cools the exhaust steam, during its
passage through the tubes of the condenser, and thus very little additional water is
required to compensate for any leakage from the glands of the engine pump or
safety valve on the boiler.
The said Invention is specially applicable to engines at foundries, iron works,
mills, portable traction and locomotive engines, or any steam engine where con-
densation water cannot be easily had.
Our Invention mainly consists of a box of suitable shape enclosed with a branch
on each end to pass the cold blast through. The sides of the box are perforated,
and tubes pass through said perforations, made of brass or any other suitable
material; over said tubes are bolted box covers, with ribs cast in to divide the
tubes into compartments, which thus secures a zig-zag course through the box for
the steam from the engine, which enters by branch in communication with the
exhaust, and passes through the tubes before described, the steam during its passage
being condensed by the action of a blast of cold air forced through the box by
means of a blower, fan, or any other means of driving a forced blast, a connection
from which is made with one of the branches before described, the blast passing
and playing upon all the tubes externally (through which the steam is passing),
the said blast issuing out at the branch at the opposite end of the box to be used
over again for blowing smiths' fires, cupolas, ventilation, and such like. The
Dries 31

page_text: condensed steam, in the form of water, is drawn away from the condenser branch by
pump or injector, and forced back again into the boiler.
An important point or feature of our Invention is the application of a forced
blast of cold air through the condenser, and the utilization of said blast, after
effecting the condensation of the exhaust steam, and thus forming a vacuum to 5
the engine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO SPECTACLES, AND OTHER GLASSES TO BE WORN ON THE NOSE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustave Fauvel at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th June 1877.
GUSTAVE FAUVEL, Optician, of Rouen. IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO
SPECTACLES, AND OTHER GLASSES TO BE WORN ON THE NOSE."
Whereas the application of electro-galvanism to different parts of the human
body has been found to produce beneficial effects in the alleviation of nervous
ailments and in the strengthening of the nerves against local affection.
Whereas also it has been found desirable to apply electro-galvanism in small or
mild and continuous currents without shocks, and by means of instruments or
articles in general use. And whereas the instruments or appliances hitherto
employed for such purposes, although good and useful in some respects, have becn
found inconvenient, either by the manner in which they had to be used or by their
complication. Now my Invention has for its object the adaptation and application
to spectacles and other glasses worn on the nose of a means of producing a
continuous and local electro-galvanic action on the person of the wearer.
The means by which this effect is produced consists of a curved tubular or
partly tubular band of zinc, containing in its hollow channel a band of copper
applied to that part of the frame of each glass that is brought in contact with the
nose of the wearer, thereby providing a voltaic pile capable of imparting to the
person using the instrument a mild continuous and uniform current of electro-
galvanism without the aid of any other special appliance.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF SECURING THE LEAVES IN BOOKS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake,
& Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for the Invention of
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF SECURING THE LEAVES IN BOOKS." A com-
munication from abroad by Edward Stanley Boynton, of the City and State
of New York, United States of America.
Sealed the 13th October 1877, and dated the 2nd August 1877.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd August 1877.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF SECURING THE
LEAVES IN BOOKS." A communication from abroad by Edward Stanley Boynton,
of the City and State of New York, United States of America.
The object of my Invention is the production of a machine-made book of greater
strength and flexibility than has heretofore been known. I accomplish this object
by passing a loop of or band or bands through the centre of a folded leaf or
"signature," and inserting within th esaid loop a securing pin of metal, cardboard, or
other material having sufficient firmness to stay, the loop of the band being formed
to entirely encircle the said securing pin. As many series of loops and pins may be
employed as are deemed necessary, according to the strength required; or a single
pin may extend nearly the entire length of the "signature," encircled by as many
loops as desired.

page_text: "
The advantages of a book thus made are increased strength and flatness of leaves
when opened, as each leaf or signature" turns upon a hinge of its own, as is
manifest by looking at Figure 3; another especial advantage of such a book is its
capability of being made by machinery.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it understood
that I claim, in a book the leaves or "signatures" fastened or secured by a pin,
and one or more loops completely surrounding the said pin in the manner above
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Second day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
111
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SEWAGE OUTFALLS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Robert Yule at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th October 1877.
JAMES ROBERT YULE, of 15, Porten Road, in the City of London, Captain
in the Bengal Staff Corps. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SEWAGE
OUTFALLS."
This Invention has for its object the construction of sewage outfalls situated on
tidal rivers or on the sea shore, in such manner as to prevent overflow of water into
the sewers, and the rising of sewage and water through the drains into the streets
and basements of houses. For this purpose I construct on or near the river bank or
sea shore, as the case may be, a reservoir, into which the sewage flows before
In the wall which separates the
passing into the river or other watercourse.
reservoir from the river I make apertures or outlets, to which I fit sliding doors or
sluice gates, which open and close automatically by sliding vertically upwards and
downwards in accordance with the varying height and action of the tides.
I construct the reservoir sufficiently large to contain several hours' flow of sewage
from the particular sewer or sewers which may be directed into the said reservoir;
the number of outlets and the dimensions thereof for the escape of such sewage
into the river or sea being such as to allow of the reservoir being rapidly emptied.
I prefer to make the outlets about eight feet square, and about ten feet apart along
the whole length of the river or sea wall of the reservoir.
I make the sliding doors preferably of sheet metal and of the hollow.box form,
provided with projecting pieces or lugs, which fit loosely and work upwards and
downwards in vertical grooves let into the upright sides of the outlets in the river
or sea wall of the reservoir.
The method of operation is as follows:-When the tide is flowing out the doors
slide vertically downwards until the outlets in the wall, of the reservoir are
completely opened, thus allowing of the free flow of the sewage from the reservoir
into the river or sea. When the tide rises above a certain height the doors slide
upwards, so as either partially or completely to close the outlet in accordance with the

page_text: height to which the tide may rise, the doors being fitted so as always to close the
outlets, and prevent the ingress of river or sea water into the sewers before the tide
has risen to the level of the basements of the houses to which the sewers are
connected, thus preventing the. damage to property and sickness which such
overflows frequently cause.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SKYLIGHT AND SASH BARS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Rawlings at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th October 1877.
JOHN RAWLINGS, of Hackney Road, Middlesex, Moulding Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SKYLIGHT AND SASH BARS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in skylight and sash bars. Such
bars may be made either of wood, metal, or any other suitable material, but pre-
ferably of wood, owing to its natural shrinkage, as hereafter stated.
My Invention consists in forming the bar with a projecting flange or cap, which
I under cut so as to form a shield or drip over the face of the putty when inserted
therein, whereby all moisture is carried off, and the putty is thus protected from
the action of the sun, rain, and wind. I bevil off the outer edge of such flange or
cap, so that the space left between the glass when fitted in the bar, and such outer
edge is narrower than that left between the glass and the internal extremity of the
groove or recess formed by such under cut, and consequently the substance of the
putty is wider in such recess than at the outer edge, thus adding additional strength
and durability to the sash or skylight; also by this arrangement I securely fix and
dovetail the putty in position, and render it impossible for the same to become loose
or displaced owing to its exposure to atmospheric influence, at the same time that
such flange or cap protects the putty from being damaged by the boards or scaffolding
ordinarily used for glazing and other purposes.
One particular advantage of the application of my Invention to wooden skylight
or sash bars is that under ordinary circumstances the putty cannot be forced out
from the notch or dovetail formed by the under cut in the flange or cap formed
therein, as before described, as even when the adhesive properties of the putty are
diminished or lost owing to age the putty is gripped as tightly, or even more
tightly in position than at first owing to the natural shrinkage of the wood.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REFLECTING SURFACES FOR INCREASING THE ILLU- MINATING OR LIGHTING POWER OF GAS AND OTHER LIGHTS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Waterson Cryer and George
Button at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th April 1877.
JOHN WATERSON CRYER and GEORGE BUTTON, both of Kingston-upon-Hull,
Yorkshire. "IMPROVEMENTS IN REFLECTING SURFACES FOR INCREASING THE ILLU-
MINATING OR LIGHTING POWER OF GAS AND OTHER LIGHTS."
This Invention relates to the employment of reflectors whereby a greater
reflecting power and a very great saving of gas, oil, or other lights are obtained.
We use corrugated and fluted glass in the place of the ordinary smooth surface
reflectors now in use. We use an inverted conc, also an octagon cone, made of our
corrugated and fluted glass; to the centre of the gasaliers, pendants, and lamps, and
around this cone, we have a second reflector made of the same, with its reflecting
surfaces in the inside, and of an angle to that of the conc; between the cone and
the second reflector, or a little below the cone, are the projecting jets of gas or
other lights.
The light between the two corrugated and fluted reflectors combine to produce a
brilliant flood of light, which light is thrown downwards below the gasalier pendants
or lamps of greater power than the smooth surfaces, whether in one or a number of
strips of glass or other reflecting materials.
For shop windows, inside and outside, counters, billiard tables, and general
purposes where very great light is wanted to be reflected on any object we make
the internal and external reflectors oblong, and jets of light, horizontally with and
between the reflectors.
For churches, chapels, theatres, and other large buildings where the light is
required to be let into the ceiling we employ somewhat same shape as the ordinary
sun light; in the centre we fix our corrugated and fluted cone, surrounded with
projecting jets of lights over or around this cone, the second reflector leaving an
open space between the cone and the top edge of the second reflector for the purpose
of ventilating and for the heated gas lights to escape.
For street and other lamps, the top of which we use the same as just described,
but instead of the jets of light only one burner can be used if preferred. We also
make for reflection corrugated and fluted glass coated with fire and waterproof
cement.
SUSPENDING SKIRT OF DRESS OR OTHER ARTICLE OR ARTICLES BY ITS OR THEIR OWN WEIGHT, AND RENDERING THE HOLD MORE SECURE BY INCREASE OF WEIGHT
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Rodney McDonald at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd October 1877.
GEORGE RODNEY MCDONALD, trading as Stuart Brothers, 10, Ironmonger Lane,
Cheapside, E.C. "SUSPENDING SKIRT OF DRESS OR OTHER ARTICLE OR ARTICLES
BY ITS OR THEIR OWN WEIGHT, AND RENDERING THE HOLD MORE SECURE BY
INCREASE OF WEIGHT."
To provide an improved fastening for the above purpose a flat or round piece of
wire metal is bent into a half circle or similar curve to form the upper part, the
top portion of which being twisted, the whole is tightened and made secure by any
weight being suspended to the bottom part.
The bottom part consists of two pieces of metal wire running through loops or
one continuous loop, either inside or outside the parts described; the ends of the
metal being curved meet at the bottom, forming a clasp, by which any article can
be firmly suspended by its own weight alone.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOKS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of the Firm of Herbert and Com-
pany, Patent Agents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOKS." A communication from
abroad by Samuel Clemens, of Hartford, State of Connecticut, United States
of America.
Sealed the 24th July 1877, and dated the 16th May 1877.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Herbert John Haddan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th May 1877.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Patent Agents,
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer.
" IMPROVEMENTS IN
Books." A communication from abroad by Samuel Clemens, of Hartford, State of
Connecticut, United States of America.
The nature of my Invention consists in a self-pasting scrap book, as will be
herein-after more fully set forth.
In order to enable others skilled in the art to which my Invention appertains to
make and use the same, I will now proceed to describe its construction and operation,
referring to the annexed Drawing, which forms a part of this Specification, and in
which the two Figures represent perspective views of my scrap books.
The
A and B represent two scrap books of any desired dimensions, and made, as far
as material, binding, etc., is concerned, in any of the known and usual ways.
leaves of which the book A is composed are entirely covered on one or both sides
with mucilage or other suitable adhesive substance, while the leaves of which the
book B is composed have the mucilage or adhesive substance applied only at
intervals, as represented in Figure 1.
In either case the scrap book is, so to say, self pasting, as it is only necessary to
noisten so much of the leaf as will contain the piece to be pasted in and place such
piece thereon when it will stick to the leaf.
Having thus fully described my Invention, what I claim as new and desire to
secure by Letters Patent is, as an article of manufacture, a scrap book, the surfaces

page_text: of the leaves whereof are coated with a suitable adhesive substance covering the
whole or parts of the entire surface, all as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Herbert John Haddan, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
H. J. HADDAN. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-DELIVERING REAPING MACHINES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Wilson, of Bebington, in the County of Chester,
Gentleman, and William Isherwood, of Bedford, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-DELIVERING REAPING
MACHINES."
Sealed the 7th December 1877, and dated the 9th June 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Wilson and William
Isherwood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th June
1877.
WILLIAM WILSON, of Bebington, in the County of Chester, Gentleman, and
WILLIAM ISHERWOOD, of Bedford, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN SELF-DELIVERING REAPING MACHINES."
The object of this Invention is the construction of an improved arrangement of
rake and mechanism for operating the same for self-delivering reaping machines, and
consists in a novel description of rake, which is capable of swivelling as it sweeps
over the platform after having lifted and laid the corn in contact with the finger
bar. This is effected by mounting the arm which carries the rake head loosely in a
boss on the end of a horizontal shaft which drives the rakes, and to which motion
is communicated either by chain or toothed gearing.
Two studs are mounted upon the rake arm, and are so arranged in relation to a
face plate and stops fixed upon the pillar or bracket carrying the horizontal axis,
that as the rake head travels round it preserves its position about parallel to the
horizontal driving axis, and also to the finger bar, but immediately it has passed
the finger bar, and as it sweeps over the platform, by the action of the studs upon
the stop and face plate herein-before mentioned, the rake head is caused to swivel
Price 2dl

page_text: about a quarter turn, and into a position about at right angles to its former
position, in so doing sweeping the corn off the platform to the rear of the
machine.
The same movement of the rake may be obtained by employing a cam formed
upon the stationary boss carrying the horizontal axis, and having a pair of studs or
bowls upon the rake arm running in contact with the face of the cam, which is
suitably shaped to give the motion required.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENERS OR COUPLINGS FOR SECURING TOGETHER THE ENDS OF MACHINE DRIVING BELTS OR STRAPS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Strick and Thomas John at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th January 1877
JAMES STRICK and THOMAS JOHN, of Swansea, in the County of Glamorgan
" CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENERS OR COUPLINGS FOR SECURING TOGETHER
THE ENDS OF MACHINE DRIVING BELTS OR STRAPS "
The Invention is designed for the purpose of securing the ends of straps together,
which are intended to be used as endless diving belts employed in the propelling or
driving of machinery
The object of the Invention is to provide a ready means of coupling and un-
coupling the connections which join the ends of one strap or a number of lengths of
straping together, so as to make it or them endloss in form, and the improvements
consist in clamping the ends of the strap or straps together which are to be joined
between angle plates, the biting surfaces of which may be serrated One of these
angle plates is by preference made of a length equal to the width of the strap or
straps being joined, through the vertical side of which holes are formed correspond-
ing in size and number with holes which are punched in the ends of the stiap or
straps. This angle plate when placed in position for clamping receives one or more
screw bolts provided with square heads, the number and size of which are in pro-
portion to the width of the strap, or these screw bolts instead of being separate
pieces may form a part of and protrude from the angle plate as screw studs or
projections, the screwed ends of which (the bolts or fixed projecting studs) are of a
length which will allow them to protrude through and from the opposite surface of
the strap Upon each end so proti uding there is then screwed a short length of
angle plate, by preference in section similar to the plate on the opposite side of
the strap, these lengths of anglo plates when tightly screwed home firmly and
securely clamp the ends of the strap together, and when the said strap is at
work the position it assumes prevents any loosening or unscrewing of the bolts
The angle plate through which the screw studs are passed may be provided with

page_text: plain studs, which project a distance sufficient to keep the plates and stiap ends in
position whilst being screwed up
The facility with which these couplings are attached and detached renders it
very easy to take up slack in the strap, and further, the inner side of the strap
so jointed presents an uniform flexible sui face throughout the entire length without 5
stiff or rigid parts such as are caused by ordinary splices or couplings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING SUBSTANCES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frank Wirth, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent
Agency, of Frankfort-on-the-Main, in the Empire of Germany, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING SUBSTANCES." A. communication from
Charles Funk, Chemist, and Adolf Eltze, Master at the Agricultural School,
Marienberg, residing at Helinstedt, in the Empire of Germany.
Sealed the 21st August 1877, and datod the 16th March 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frank Wirth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th March 1877.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Agency, of Frank-
fort-on-the-Main, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING
SUBSTANCES." A communication from Charles Funk, Chemist, and Adolf Eltze,
Master at the Agricultural School, Marienberg, residing at Helmstedt, in the
Empire of Germany.
2 Na O
This Invention consists of adding to common soap phosphate of soda II O
PO 24 HO. After this phosphate of soda has been added, soda (Na O) leaves
the soap in order to enter into the combination 3 Na O PO5 + 24 HO; in con-
sequence a certain quantity of soda must be added again to the soap. Soap thus
prepared has most valuable qualities, and can be used for washing with sea water
or other salt water, also with hard water.
It must be understood that this Invention is not confined to the use of phosphate
of soda in the manufacture of soap, as this Invention consists also of the use of
phosphate of soda, before described, direct by adding and dissolving such phosphate
of soda in the water used for washing, and afterwards employing common soap.

page_text: STANCES.
"
A communication from Charles Funk, Chemist, and Adolf Eltze, Master
at the Agricultural School, Marienberg, residing at Helmstedt, in the Empire
of Germany.
2 Na O
0}
This Invention consists of adding to common soap phosphate of soda
PO³ 24 HO. After this phosphate of soda has been added, soda (Na O) leaves the 5
soap in order to enter into the combination 3 Na O PO' + 24 HO; in consequence
n certain quantity of soda must he added again to the soap. Soap thus prepared has
most valuable qualities, and can be used for washing with sea water or other salt
water, also with hard water.
It must be understood that this Invention is not confined to the use of phosphate 1
of soda in the manufacture of soap, as this Invention consists also of the use of
phosphate of soda, before described, direct by adding and dissolving such phosphate
of soda in the water used for washing, and afterwards employing common soap.
What I claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is, the use of phosphate of soda for washing articles of any kind, 1
either by adding the said phosphate of soda to the soap in the above described
manner or by dissolving the same directly in the washing water, in the manner set
forth and for the purpose specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frank Wirth, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty-third day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand 2
eight hundred and seventy-seven.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES OF LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Clarke Rayson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd January 1877.
ROBERT CLARKE RAYSON, of Dukinfield, in the County of Chester, Wire Manu-
facturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES OF LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
According to this Invention the wire thread or other filament to be woven passes
out through the top of the shuttle, which for this purpose is provided with four
rollers, namely, two tension rollers and two guiding rollers, one above the other, and
the wire thread or other filament passes between the two tension rollers downward
between the lower tension roller and lower guiding roller, partly around the latter,
and in an upward direction between the lower and upper guiding rollers, and out
at the top of the shuttle, where it plays alternately on the upper tension roller and
on the upper guide rollers, according to the direction in which the shuttle is
travelling. By this arrangement the shute is prevented from catching under the
warp when the lower shed is pressed down on the shuttle race.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRILLING AND OTHER STANDS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Warsop and Henry Walker Hill
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th August 1877.
GEORGE WARSOP, of 76, Royal Terrace, and HENRY WALKER HILL, of 51, Hamp-
den Street, both of Nottingham, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRILLING AND
OTHER STANDS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in drill stands and in the means
of holding, drill stands, or other machines, or tools on pipes, or round or other
shaped surfaces for drilling or otherwise manipulating the same.
For this object
we employ at the base of the tool or stand a broad V or concave foot F, and two
pairs of cheeks, C1, C2, in which are held freely the two claws B1, B2, by means of
the pius D, D. The lower ends of the claws B, B, are made in a curved or other
shape most applicable to the pipe or surfaces to be manipulated, and the upper
ends are enlarged for threaded holes into which we screw the two fastening screws
E, E, which when tightened up bear against the two surfaces S, S, at the base of
the stand, thereby forcing together the lower part of the claws B, B, embracing the
tube or other article against the foot F which is by this means securely held.
In the Drawings hereto annexed we have shown a drill stand constructed as
above described.
Fig. 1 is a side view.
Fig. 2 is an end view.
The letters in the text correspond to those marked on the several parts of the
Drawing.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention and the manner of performing
the same, we would have it understood that we claim constructing the drill or other
stand with one, two, or more claws, fastening screws, and shaped foot, substantially
as herein described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM OR APPARATUS FOR ACTUATING SCREW- DRIVERS, CORKSCREWS, DRILLS, AUGERS, STOCKS AND DIES, SPANNERS, SCREW KEYS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES REQUIRING ROTARY MOTION
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION loft by Alphonse Charles Alliot, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th June 1877.
ALPHONSE CHARLES ALLIOT, of Cross Street, Hatton Garden, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM OR APPARATUS FOR ACTUATING SCREW-
DRIVERS, CORKSCREWS, DRILLS, AUGERS, STOCKS AND DIES, SPANNERS, SCREW KEYS,
ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES REQUIRING ROTARY MOTION."
This Invention relates to improvements in mechanisın or apparatus for actuating
or imparting rotary motion to screwdrivers, corkscrews, drills, augers, stocks and
dies, spanners, and screw keys, being also applicable to other similar purposes where
rotary motion is required. For this purpose in applying my improvements to the
stem of a screwdriver, corkscrew, drill, augur, or other similar article, I form the
handle with a socket, into which the stein of the screwdriver or other article fits,
and in which it is securely held.
"
The socket is formed with a solid spindle having ribs or fenthor's, which fit into
grooves or recesses formed in a ratchet or toothed ring within an enlarged socket
forined in the handle. The ratchet or toothed ring is thus secured to the spindle or
axis of the instrument. Within the enlarged socket on opposite sides pawls or
drivers are mounted on pivots, and are pressed into the teeth of the ratchet ring by
a curved or other spring.
Forked arms within the socket act upon the pawls to throw them into or out of
action, so that when one is in gear with the toothed ring, to drive it and the axis it
is connected with in one direction, the other pawl or driver is out of action, and
when the forked arms are inidway of their movement both pawls or drivers are out
of action, and the turning of the handle takes no effect upon the stem of the cork-
screw or other article connected therewith. When one of the pawls or drivers is in
gear with the toothed ring or ratchet, then by the movement of the handle in one
direction it acts upon the spindle of the socket or holder for the screwdriver or
other article to cause it to make a partial revolution in one direction, but in moving
the handle backwards the pawl or driver slips over the teeth of the ratchet ring
without acting thereon.

page_text: The forked arms are moved by a stud or pin. passing through a slot to the outside
of the socket by which the action of the ratchet or toothed ring on the axis is
reversed.
The apparatus may be modified to adapt its application to other articles or pur-
poses, the main features of the mechanism being the same.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO SCREW PRO- PELLERS.
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Moysey, of 19, London Street, in the City of
London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO SCREW PRO-
PELLERS.
"
Sealed the 11th January 1878, and dated the 10th October 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Moysey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th October 1877."
JOHN MOYSEY, of 19, London Street, in the City of London.
APPLICABLE TO SCREW PROPELLERS."
"IMPROVEMENTS
'My Invention consists, mainly, of the following arrangements:-In order to
feather the blades of screw propellers from within the vessel, so that the same may
be placed at any angle with the main shaft or shafts, I use a hollow shaft as far as
the after length or part thereof. Through this hollow shaft I force water by a
pump or other means into the hollow boss of the propeller. The said boss is fitted
with a piston, ram, or plunger, attached to which are rods which act on a crank on
the root of each blade. The blades are moved by forcing water to act on the above-
named piston, ram, or plunger; and again, by withdrawing the water the reverse
motion is acquired.

page_text: of the delivery, therefore the pressure of the water and atmosphere acting on the
piston will shift it inward and move the blades. The water pressure on the inside
of the piston is of course maintained to retain the blades at the feathered position.
The ring R at the end of the cylinder, which determines the outward position of the
piston, is fixed after the point necessary for the desired pitch of the blades has been
ascertained.
Fig. 6 is an exterior view, in plan, showing the two blades in the different
positions; and by reference to all the Figures the construction in detail of my
Invention will be understood.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performned or carried out in practice, I
hereby declare that I claim the Invention of "Improvements Applicable to Screw
Propellers," substantially as the same is herein-before set forth and described, and
illustrated by the accompanying Drawings, wherein the peculiar and important
point is the feathering of the propeller, effected by hydraulic power, acting through
the boss by means of a piston, substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Moysey, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
JOHN MOYSEY. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Jarrett at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th November 1877.
ROBERT JARRETT, of Croydon, in the County of Surrey.
Locks."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
The object of this Invention is to prevent a lock from being picked.
According to this Invention, I prevent the "levers" from being lifted by fitting
steel bridges, guards, or cross pieces between the same; these bridges are at one end,
held by the pin which holds the levels, and at the other end by a separate pin, the
bolt has two slots for these pins to work in; the bridges are so broad that a
skeleton key or pick cannot pass to lift the levers. Two sbutter bolts may be
fitted, meeting in the middle of the lock, and guided at the back and cover of the
lock; the key first, by means of a lever connection, pulls back one of these bolts, and
then pushes back the opposite bolt; there are springs to bring these bolts back to
meet in the centre.
Inside the lock I fit a movable "keyhole," which has one or more bolts or pins,
and in the back plate of the lock and in the cover of the lock I form one or more
corresponding recesses; each pin is by a spring pushed into its recess in the cover;
the key is formed with one or more notches in the end of the pipe, of such an exact
depth, that when the key is inserted the pin or pins will be pushed out of the
cover, thus enabling the inner "keyhole" to turn freely and lock or unlock the
lock; if the notch in the key pipe is not deep enough the pin will remain in the
cover recess, and the key cannot turn (as the inner keyhole is locked); on the
other hand if the notch is too deep in the key pipe, the pin will on inserting the
key be pushed into the recess in the back of the lock, and the key cannot turn (as
the inner keyhole will also in that case be locked).
The key cannot be taken out unless the inner "keyhole" is in the right position;
the inner "keyhole" is for each operation of locking turned one turn and a half.
An additional security is thus obtained, because when the door is pushed to, the
key cannot be got out, unless the lock is locked first; and the fact of having pushed

page_text: to the door and of having the key out of the lock, are reliable evidences that the
door has been properly locked.
In case a key is lost the inner "keyhole" may be fitted with another or
additional pin, and a new key made with a notch or notches to suit, no one in
possession of the lost key could then open the lock therewith.
This lock is applicable to cash boxes, safes, strong rooms, and to locking purposes
generally.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INHALERS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th October 1877. A com-
munication from abroad by Lucius Ely Felton and Silas Addison Felton, both
of Potsdam, in the County of St. Lawrence, State of New York, United States
of America.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN INHALERS." [A communication from abroad
by Lucius Ely Felton and Silas Addison Felton, both of Potsdam, in the County
of St. Lawrence, State of New York, United States of America.]
This Invention relates to inhalers which are used for relieving throat and lung
diseases by the inhalation of vapors of different medical substances, such, for
instance, as the vapor produced by drawing air over or through muriatic acid
and then through a solution of ammonia.
The Invention consists in attaching to the stopple of a bottle an elongated
glass and receiver and a flexible inhaling tube, the said acid receiver being
provided with packed filling funnel or tube, and also with an exhausting tube
extended above the level of the acid and dipping down into the solution in the
bottle.
The bottle may be of any desired shape or size, and has a large mouth, in
which is inserted a stopple, which I prefer to make of vulcanised rubber, although
other substances may be used.
The acid receiver is cylindrical, with rounded ends, and its upper end has a tube
formed on it, which tube passes up through the stopple and has a short section of
india-rubber tubing stretched on its upper exposed end designed to serve as a
packing for a long-feed funnel, that is, flared at its upper end, and extends down
deeply into the acid vessel.
The lower end of the acid vessel has a tube formed on it extending above the
lower end of the tubular funnel, and also extending nearly to the bottom of the
bottle when the stopple is inserted into the mouth of the bottle. Diametrically
opposite the feed funnel is a short glass tube which is inade fast into the stopple,
Paving d

page_text: and on which is stretched the inhaling tube made of india-rubber, and provided
with a glass mouth-piece.
The apparatus is used by charging the receiver with acid, diluted or not, and
supplying the bottle with a solution of ammonia or other chemical.
The mouth-piece of the inhaling tube is introduced into the mouth and air drawn
into the bottle, which will, if muriatic and ammonia be used, produce a vapor of
the muriate of ammonia, which can be inhaled.
PORTABLE FOLDING TABLES AND OTHER FURNITURE
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Grieve Lyle, of No. 57, Bishopsgate Street Within
the City of London, for the Invention of "PORTABLE FOLDING TABLES AND
OTHER FURNITURE,”
Sealed the 21st May 1878, and dated the 23rd November 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Grieve Lyle at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd November 1877.
JAMES GRIEVE LYLE, of No. 57, Bishopsgate Street Within the City of London.
"PORTABLE FOLDING TABLES AND OTHER FURNITURE."
I make a table top of wood, metal, or other suitable material, and to the under
side of which, at each end, I fix, with suitable hinges, two legs already morticed and
tenoned together by cross or end rails; I put longitudinal and cross clamps for the
purpose of strength; to those I attach two side rails by means of hinges to shut
down on the legs, between which, also hinged, are two rails to drop down between,
the whole of which, when the legs resume their upright position, instantly fall into
their places, combining the whole in one solid body.
I also claim the adaptability of the above Invention to chairs, stools, bedsteads,
desks, pianos, rout seats, and for other purposes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Grieve Lyle in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 23rd
May 1878.
JAMES GRIEVE LYLE, of No. 57, Bishopsgate Street Within the City of London,
Upholsterer. "PORTABLE FOLDING TABLES AND OTHER FURNITURE'
I make a table top of wood, metal, or other suitable material, and to the under
side of which, at each end, I fix, with suitable hinges, two legs already morticed and
tenoned together by cross or end rails; I put longitudinal and cross clamps for the
purpose of strength; to those I attach two side rails by means of hinges to shut
down on the legs, between which, also hinged, are two rails to drop down between,
the whole of which, when the legs resume their upright position, instantly fall into
their places, combining the whole in one solid body.
I also claim the adaptability of the above Invention to chairs, stools, bedsteads,
desks, pianos, rout seats, bookshelves, hat stands, umbrella stands, and for other
purposes.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Grieve Lyle, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROADWAYS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Peter Batch at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th November 1877.
JACOB PETER BATCH, Contractor, of Camberwell Wharf, Addington Square,
County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROADWAYS."
My Invention relates to a method of forming the surface and foundation of
roadways, which I accomplish in the following manner:-After the removal of the
present paving or surplus earth, I lay a foundation of concrete to a depth sufficient
to sustain the traffic of the street where laid, and on this place a layer of clean
sharp sand, preferably about two inches in depth. The sand is then rolled until
compacted, and an even and smoth surfuce is obtained. On this I place wooden
blocks in parallel rows accross the street; and to allow for expansion and contraction
of the wood, and also to give a foothold for the horses' feet, I insert between each
row of blocks thus placed a wooden strip, preferably one-fourth inch thick, and two
inches in width. The spaces! between the blocks is then filled with grouting or
other material, after which the surface is covered with heated coal tar and pitch;
a layer of sharp angular shingle is placed upon it when it is ready for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVERS' SHUTTLES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th January 1877. A communication
from abroad by William E. Whitehead and Abel T. Atherton, both of Lowell,
Massachusetts, United States of America.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVERS' SHUTTLES." A
communication from abroad by William E. Whitehead and Abel T. Atherton, both
of Lowell, Massachusetts, United States of America.
This Invention relates to shuttles with self-threading devices, and consists prin-
cipally in a longitudinal threading slot entering the delivery eye of the shuttle;
also in a threading eye so constructed that the thread may be readily passed through
it; and in a stud which retains the thread in its proper place and keeps the delivery
eyelet in position, all as herein-after described.
The body of the shuttle, the spindle, the chamber, and the throat are formed as
now used, except that the throat is continued farther than usual toward the tip of
the shuttle, with a suddenly diminished depth to a certain point, and a gradually
diminishing depth beyond this point. The delivery eye is entered by a narrow slot,
which turns to the said chamber, and extends from the outside of the shuttle to
the throat. The eyelet in the eye is of course slightly open at the top to admit the
yarn, and if made of untempered sheet metal or of an unyielding brittle substance
cannot be firmly secured by being driven in as a whole eyelet would be. Accordingly
I provide the eyelet with a projecting under side, which extends across the throat.
The stud is then driven through a hole in the said projecting part into the wood,
and keeps the eyelet from turning and from being shaken out. The side of the
said stud away from the eye is in the line of the axis of the spindle, so that the
yarn making a quarter turn around the stud, and passing out of the eye, draws
uniformly from the spindle. To prevent the flying off of the yarn from the stud
the said stud is bent down over the shoulder into the shallow end of the throat, so
near as almost to touch the wood.
A threading eye is situated at the end of the threading slot, and by the said slot
is connected with the first-named eye. This threading eye opens into the aforesaid
chamber, and has its upper edge so beveled inside as to make it thin. The left

page_text: end of the said eye is inclined upward toward the threading slot, so that the thread
or yarn when drawn to the left will run from said eye into this slot.
The threading slot does not, as in other slotted eyed shuttles, run across the grain
of the shuttle; the threading eye cuts off no more fibres of the wood than the
delivery eye cuts off, and the fibres cut off by each eye are the same or at least are in
the same horizontal section, so that the threading device does not materially weaken
the shuttle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MINCING MACHINES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Adam, of Coatbridge, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MINCING MACHINES."
Sealed the 22nd September 1877 and dated the 14th June 1877.
LETTERS PATENT to Robert Adam, of Coatbridge, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MINCING MACHINES."
Sealed the 22nd September 1877, and dated the 14th June 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Adam at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th June 1877.
ROBERT ADAM, of Coatbridge, in the County of Lanark, North Britain.
PROVEMENTS IN MINCING MACHINES."
"IM-
This Invention which relates to improvements in mincing machines consists in
the arrangement of the driving part of the machine so that they are actuated by
water power more conveniently and economically than hitherto.
The Invention consists in placing a spur wheel on the crank or driving shaft of
tho machine, and which is coupled directly by a pinion on to another wheol
contained within a casing; into this casing at any convenient part a small jet of
water under pressure is admitted, and this impinging upon the teeth of the wheel
contained therein tangentially causes it to be rotated at a high velocity, and with a
force corresponding to the pressure, velocity, and volume of the water composing
the jet; this velocity is reduced to the requisite speed by the reversing of the
driving gearing in the manner herein-before described, that is to say, by placing the
spur wheel on the driving or crank shaft of the machine, and the pinion on the
shaft carrying the toothed wheel driven by the water.
The essential feature constituting this Invention is the combination of the parts
in the manner herein-before described.