IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CUTTING LOAF SUGAR INTO CUBES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for
Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CUTTING
LOAF SUGAR INTO CUBES."-A communication from abroad by George
Henry Mollers, of the City and State of New York, United States
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward
Newton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 5th September 1870.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CUTTING LOAF.
SUGAR INTO CUBES," to be as follows:-
1
This Invention relates to a new machine for cutting loaf sugar into
cubular blocks for table use, and has for its object to prevent the waste.
and deterioration heretofore experienced in sugar cutting.

page_text: The Invention consists in the employment of two machines, one for
dividing the loaves into disks and the other for clipping the disks into
bars and the latter into cubes.
The first-named machine consists of a series of rotary saws fitted upon
the same shaft at suitable distances apart. In connection therewith
there is a self-balancing cradle in which the sugar is secured by notched
pawls. The loaf in the cradle is by the weight on the latter gradually
forced against the saws and cut by the same. After the sugar has been
cut into the disks the cradle is swung forward to be emptied and refilled,
and is, while in the forward position, held off the saws by weighted
catches that are connected with a treadle. The treadle releases the
-cradle-after-a-new-loaf-to-be-cut has been secured in the same.
The other machine consists of four sets or series of saws or cutters,
the upper pair serving to cut the disks into prismatic bars, which are
subdivided into blocks by the lower pair. The upper saws are circular,
and are mounted at suitable distances apart upon rotary drums that
revolve in the same direction, the one whose cutting edge moves upward
revolving quicker than the other to prevent the disk from being dragged
through by the feed rollers without being cut. The lower set of saws
or knives is straight, and fitted longitudinally upon a pair of parallel
rotary drums to clip the bars of sugar into small blocks. Thus the
sugar is without any waste whatever (the saw dust being collected in
proper receptacles) reduced to blocks of suitable size from loaves or
pieces of any shape.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 3rd March 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent bearing date the Fifth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said William Edward Newton, Her special

page_text: licence that I, the said William Edward Newton, my exccutors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CUTTING LOAF SUGAR INTO CUBES," being
a communication to me from abroad by George Henry Moller, of the
City and State of New York, United States of America, upon the con;
dition (amongst others) that I, the said William Edward Newton, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing here-
unto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thercon (that is to
say) :-
This Invention relates to a new machine for cutting loaf sugar into
cubular blocks for table use, and has for its object to prevent the waste
and deterioration heretofore experienced in sugar cutting.
The Invention consists in the employment of two machines, one for
dividing the loaves into discs and the other for clipping the discs into
bars and the latter into cubes.
The first-named machine consists of a series of rotary saws set side
by side upon the same shaft at suitable distances apart, and in the
connection therewith of a self-balancing cradle in which the sugar is
secured by notched pawls. The loaf in the cradle is by the weight on
the latter gradually forced against the saws and cut by the same.
the sugar
has been cut into the discs the cradle is swung forward to be
emptied and refilled, and is, while in the forward position, held off the
saws by weighted catches that are connected with a treadle. The treadle
After

page_text: releases the cradle after a new loaf to be cut has been secured in the
same.
The other machine consists of four sets or series of saws or cutters,
the upper pair serving to cut the discs into prismatic bars, which are
subdivided into blocks by the lower pair. The upper cutters are circular,
and are mounted at suitable distances apart upon rotary drums that
revolve in the same direction, the one whose cutting edge moves upward
revolving quicker than the other to prevent the disc of sugar from being
dragged through by the feed rollers without being cut. The lower set
of cutters consists of knives fitted longitudinally upon a pair of parallel
rotary drums, and serves to clip the bars of sugar into small blocks.
Thus the sugar is without any waste whatever (the sugar dust being
collected in proper receptacles) reduced to blocks of suitable-size-from-
loaves or pieces of any shape.
-
I will now describe the machine for cutting loaves into discs with
reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the Drawing.
Fig. 1 represents a side view of the improved sugar cutting machine;
Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of the same; and Fig. 3 is a
front elevation partly in section of the same. Similar letters of reference
indicate corresponding parts.
the saws.
A represents the frame of the machine made in form of a hood for
covering and surrounding the circular saws C, which are mounted upon
a shaft B having its bearings in the end of the frame A. The frame A
is only open in front where the sugar is held against the saws, and it
prevents therefore by its form the escape of the sugar dust produced by
The saws are mounted upon the shaft at suitable distances
apart according to the width of discs to be cut. They can be made
adjustable by means of washers interposed between them. In front of
the frame. A is pivotted thereto at a a cradle or rocking frame D, which
is slotted so as to allow the saws to pass in for cutting the loaf supported
by it. The cradle D has its lower part so bent as to conveniently receive
the loaf E to be cut, the said loaf being clamped to it by notched
pawls that are pivotted to the front part of the cradle. The upper
part of the cradle has a forwardly projecting arm c with a weight dat
the end. This weight serves to hold the sugar against the saws, and to a
feed it along as it is being cut into discs. Instead of the weight a spring
may be employed. Rotary motion is imparted to the saw shaft B by a
belt e or other suitable mechanism. After a loaf has been completely

page_text: cut the cradle is carried forward and held in that position, as in Fig. 1,
by catches ff. fitting into notches at the ends of said cradle. The
catches are by rods connected with a treadle h, by means of which
they can be withdrawn from the cradle for letting the same fall towards
the saws. A weight i or spring is connected with the treadle for holding
the catches against the cradle as long as the same is to be held forward.
Fig. 1 represents the cradle and loaf in position ready for cutting,
while in Fig. 2 the sugar is shown completely cut. The pawls b, it will
be seen, are or may be all mounted upon the same arbor, and operated
simultaneously by a lever j. K is a sieve in the bottom of the frame A
for receiving and discharging into a suitable receptacle the powdered
sugar produced by the process of sawing. I is a handle on the cradle for
rocking the same forward or backward when desired.
I will now proceed to describe the machinery for cutting the discs
into bars and the bars into cubes.
Fig. 4 represents a vertical transverse section of the machine, x, x,
Fig. 5, being the section line; Fig. 5 is a plan or top view of the same,
the covers of the case being removed to shew the internal construction
of the machine; Fig. 6 is a face view of the disc of sugar previously to
its being divided up; Fig. 7 is a face view of the same showing it cut
into bars; and Fig. 8 shews it cut into cubes. G represents the frame
of the machine; in it are hung three pairs of rollers H, H, I, I,
and J, J, all horizontal and parallel to each other. The uppermost
pair H, H, of rollers are clastic feed rollers rotated in opposite directions,
as shewn by the arrows in Fig. 4, and near enough together to grip
and feed down the disc to be cut. The next pair of rollers I, I, carry
small circular saws n, n, which are disposed at suitable distances apart
according to the width of bars desired to be cut. The rollers I, I, arc
both rotated in the same direction, as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 4,
and that which cuts upwards is turned somewhat quicker than the
other, as is shewn by the smaller driving pulley m in Fig. 5. The
saws n, n, project with their cutting edges through slotted plates o, o,
that are arranged in the frame G between the rollers I, I, as shown.
The plates o serve to hold the bars that are cut by the saws n in a proper
vertical position for the action of the cutters 7 on the lower rollers J.
These lower rollers carry a series of longitudinal horizontal cutters r, r,
as shown. The discs are cut into bars by the saws n, or rather not
exactly cut but grooved deep enough to make them break up readily

page_text: into bars. The upward cutting saws revolve quicker than those that
cut downwards, and produce a degree of extra friction which will insure
a proper impulse of the discs. The bars are then clipped at the lower
ends by the cutters ", as shewn in Fig. 4, to produce the cubes of
requisite size. The surfaces of the rollers J between the cutters » may
be covered with elastic material t for yielding to the pressure of the
sugar should the same be thicker than the space between said rollers.
The cubes fall upon inclined rollers I, or into suitable receptacles, while
the dust passes through a sieve u into a lower receptacle. Rotary motion
in the direction indicated by arrows in Fig. 4 is imparted to the several
rollers by suitable belts or other equivalent machinery.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of "Improved
Machinery for Cutting Loaf Sugar into Cubes;"-as-communicated-to-me
by my foreign correspondent, and having explained the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that under the
above in part recited Letters Patent I claim,-
First. The arrangement of sugar cutting machine above described for
cutting loaf sugar into discs or slices preparatory to the reduction of the
same to small cubes.
Secondly. The arrangement of machinery above described for cutting
discs or slices of sugar into cubes or small blocks.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have here-
unto set my hand and scal, the Third day of March, in the year.
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.