IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS AND BEER ENGINES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Martin, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of
Durham, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS AND
BEER ENGINES."
Sealed the 5th June 1860, and dated the 15th December 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Martin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
December 1859.
I, HENRY MARTIN, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of Durham, Engi-
neer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PUMPS AND BEER ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar arrangement of pumps whereby liquids
may be drawn from one or several different sources, and forced along any one
or more of a number of delivery pipes into different receivers or localities at
pleasure.
The first part of my Invention is more particularly applicable to pumps for
iron ships, or vessels built in several water-tight compartments, and consists in
connecting a box or chamber of any convenient form with the pump barrel,
such box or chamber being divided into compartments and provided with a
number of valves or valvular openings, one or more to each compartment, and
so disposed that by proper adjustment of the valves the pump may be made to
draw water from any one or more compartments or reservoirs in the ship or

page_text: other locality, and deliver such water to the sea or to the deck, or to any one
or more compartments or localities, or it may be made to draw water from the
sea, and deliver such water into any one or more compartments simultaneously
or to the deck or rigging, in this latter case acting as a fire-engine. Various
forms of valves may be used, as, for example, metal disc valves with leather
faces and provided with screw spindles, whereby they may be severally opened
or closed in any combination, cylindrical or conically ground plugs or cocks
fitting into correspondingly shaped seats or casings. Dished or tapered per-
forated valves fitting into and working in perforated seats of a corresponding
form, so that by turning the valve any one or more of the perforations in the
valve and seat may be made to coincide, the separate perforations in the seat
being in communication with separate suction or delivery pipes. In all these
cases the valvular arrangement may be single or in duplicate; when in dupli-
cate the box or casing being divided for that purpose so that one set of valvular
openings will be in connection with the several suction pipes and with the
suction end of the pump, whilst the other set will be in communication with the
delivery end of the pump, so that a ready combination of any two or more of
the openings may be formed; flat perforated metal discs or sliding plates
working on perforated plates, so that by turning or sliding the discs or plates
any one or more of the perforations in the discs or sliding plates may be made
to coincide with any one or more of the perforations in the fixed plates, the
separate perforations in the fixed plates being in communication with separate
suction or delivery pipes; this arrangement of discs or sliding plates to be
used in duplicate only, one fixed plate and set of pipes being in communica
tion with the suction part of the pump, the other plate and set of pipes being
in communication with the delivery end-of the pump. In some cases one plug
and casing may be used. with three or four pipes or passages, such plug being
capable of connecting either of two pipes or passages with a third pipe leading
to a compartment reservoir or the sea, one branch of these two pipes leading
to the suction, and the other to the delivery end of the pump; or each of these
branches may have a separate valve or cock of its own.
The second part of my Invention is more particularly applicable to beer
engines or pumps for drawing different kinds of liquor or fluid, and preserving
the kind of liquor drawn at one time from being mixed with the kind of liquor
drawn before it, and consists in combining with a pump barrel one or more
cocks or taps communicating with two or more separate suction pipes. The
cocks may be of any shape or form, and have any arrangement of passages
through them, which will answer the purpose stated. For example, a cock
may be used having a passage from each end, such passages being kept from

page_text: communicating with each other; one passage being in communication with
one suction pipe and the other with a second suction pipe, facility being thus
afforded for drawing separately two kinds of liquor at pleasure by simply
adjusting the cock or tap, so that one or other of the passages may be put in
communication with a hole or port passing into the pump barrel. By using
two of these cocks in separate compartments, each compartment communicat-
ing with the suction end of the pump, and having two suction pipes leading
out of it, four different kinds of liquor may be drawn. By using a three-way
cock three kinds of liquor may be drawn, and by using two of these six dif-
ferent liquors may be drawn, and by using a three-way and a two-way cock
five liquors may be drawn separately at pleasure, and so on, varying the
formation and arrangement of the cocks to suit the particular requirements of
the case.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Martin in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
15th June 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
MARTIN, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of Durham, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Henry Martin, Her special license that I, the said Henry Martin, my
executors, 'administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry
Martin, my exécutors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS AND
BEER ENGINES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry
Martin, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Martin, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and
figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to a peculiar arrangement of pumps, whereby
liquids may be drawn from one or several different sources, and forced along
any one or more of a number of delivery pipes into different receivers or
localities at pleasure.
The first part of my Invention is more particularly applicable to pumps for
iron ships or vessels built in several watertight compartments, and consists in
connecting a box or chamber of any convenient form with the pump barrel,
such box or chamber being divided into compartments and provided with a
number of valves or valvular openings, one or more to each compartment,
and so disposed that by proper adjustment of the valves the pump may be
made to draw water from any one or more compartments or reservoirs in the
ship or other locality, and deliver such water to the sea or to the deck
or to any one or more compartments or localities, or it may be made to draw
water from the sea, and deliver such water into any one or more compart-
ments simultaneously, or to the deck or rigging, in this latter case acting as a
fire engine; various forms of valves may be used, as, for example, metal disc
valves with leather faces, and provided with screw spindles, whereby they
may be severally opened or closed in any combination; these are intended to
be used in duplicate only; cylindrical or conically ground plugs or cocks
fitting into correspondingly shaped seats or casings, dished or tapered perforated
valves fitting into and working air-tight in perforated seats of a corresponding
form, so that by turning the valve any one or more of the perforations in the
valve and seat may be made to coincide; the separate perforations in the
seat being in communication with separate suction and delivery pipes; in
these cases the valvular arrangements may be single or in duplicate, when in
duplicate the box or casing being divided for that purpose so that one set of
valvular openings will be in connection with the several suction pipes and
with the suction end of the pump, whilst the other set will be in communica-
tion with the delivery end of the pump, so that a ready combination of any
two or more of the openings may be formed; flat perforated metal discs or
sliding plates working air-tight on perforated plates, so that by turning or
sliding the discs or plates any one or more of the perforations in the discs
or sliding plates may be made to coincide with any one or more of the
perforations in the fixed plates, the separate perforations in the fixed plates

page_text: being in communication with separate suction or delivery pipes; the discs
are to be used only in the duplicate form, or the hollow arrangement herein-
after described. In some cases one plug and casing may be used with three
or four pipes or passages, such plug being capable of connecting either of
two pipes or passages with a third pipe leading to a compartment reservoir or
the sea, one branch of these two pipes leading to the suction and the other
to the delivery end of the pump; or each of these branches may have a
separate valve or cock of its own.
The second part of my Invention is more particularly applicable to beer
engines or pumps for drawing different kinds of liquors or fluids, and
preserving the kind of liquor drawn at one time from being mixed with the
kind of liquor drawn before it, and consists in combining with a pump
barrel one or more cocks or taps communicating with two or more separate
suction pipes. The cocks may be of any shape or form, and have any
arrangement of passages through them which will answer the purpose stated;
for example, a cock may be used having a passage from each, and such
passages being kept from communicating with each other, one passage being
in communication with one suction pipe, and the other with a second suction
pipe, facility being thus afforded for drawing separately two kinds of liquor
at pleasure by simply adjusting the cock or tap, so that one or other of the
passages may be put in communication with a hole or port passing into the
pump barrel. By using two of these cocks in separate compartments, each
compartment communicating with the suction end of the pump, and having
two suction pipes leading out of it, four different kinds of liquor may be
drawn; by using a three-way cock, three kinds of liquor may be drawn, and
by using two of these, six different liquors may be drawn; and by using a three-
way and a two-way cock, five liquors may be drawn separately at pleasure, and
so on, varying the formation and arrangement of the cocks to suit the
particular requirements of the case.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I
shall refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,
the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout all
the corresponding figures.
Figure 1 of my Drawings represents three views, shewing the mode of
carrying out one part of my Invention, relating to the use of lift
valves.
A is a plan of the top compartments of the valve chamber, shewing the
openings a, a, a, leading to the bottom compartments; an air-tight division b

page_text: runs down the centre of the box separating the valves on each side of it, one
set of valves being in communication with the suction end of the pump through
the branch pipe c, and the other set of valves in communication with the
delivery end of the pump through the branch pipe d. The dotted lines across
the plan shew the air-tight divisions of the bottom compartments of the
chamber; into each bottom compartment is brought one or more pipes e, e,
communicating with the places from or to which the fluid is required to be
drawn or conducted; B is a longitudinal section taken through the valves
and pipes on one side of the box or valve chamber, and C is a cross section
taken through the valves and pipes; f,f, are screw spindles for opening or
closing any one or more of the valves, and when any of the valves on the side c
are open, and any other valve on the side d open, liquid may then be drawn
by the pump from the open valve on side c, and delivered through the other
open valve on the side d.
Figure 2 represents different views of the mode of applying dish valves; A
is a plan of the valve chamber; B, a longitudinal section of the same; C is
the valve in elevation detached, and D a plan of the valve. These valves
are shewn in duplicate; the valve chamber has conical seatings cast in it, and
each seat is perforated with holes or ports a, a, each hole or port in one
seating with its corresponding port in the other seating communicating
by a pipe to the place from or to which the liquid is to be drawn or conducted;
one of the branches & communicates with the suction end of the pump, and
the other branch c communicates with the delivery end of the pump; d is a
spout or nozzle by which water may be delivered on deck when used as a
ship's pump, or when the pump is used as a fire engine the hose can be fast-
ened on this nozzle, or a pipe can be connected with it and lead to the sea.
Instead of the conical dish valve used in this and the following arrange-
ment, flat perforated discs working air-tight on flat perforated seats may
be used.
Figure 3 shows a plan, section, and details of a modified mode of applying
the dish valve. By this arrangement water may be drawn from any of the
perforations a, a, a, in the valve seating b, and drawn through the communi-
cation c shewn in the section, and through the port e of the valve d² to the
branch (see plan), which is in communication with the suction end of the
pump. The delivery pipe g is in communication with the sea or other
reservoir through the ports h, i, of the valve seating, and k, l, of the valve. Or,
if the valve da be turned with its port e opposite to the port h in the valve
seating d, then the suction end of the pump would be in communication with the
sea through the ports k, l, in the valve, which will be opposite to the ports i, m,

page_text: in the valve seating. The delivery will then take place through the port h to
the valve 6, and by turning the port in the valve 62 opposite to any port in the
valve seating b, the water may be sent through that port to its required desti-
nation. The valve d² is divided by a web separating the port e from the ports
k, l, as shewn on the Drawing.
At Figure 4 a plan, section, and detail view is given of an arrangement of
dish valve, having a web or partition a, by which a perforation on one side of
the valve is kept from communication with a perforation on the other side
of the valve. One end of the valve communicates by the branch b with the
suction end of the pump, and the other end by the branch c with the delivery
end of the pump, or vice versa. The perforations on one side in the valve seat
are in communication with separate suction or delivery pipes. The perforations
on the other side of the valve seating being in communication with other
suction or delivery pipes, or with the sea, and by turning the valve communi-
cation can be established between any suction or delivery pipe and either end
of the pump.
Figure 5 is a perforated dished valve having one or more perforations, and
fitting into a perforated valve seat having two or more perforations, each
perforation in the seat communicating with a separate suction pipe, and the
valve casing is connected to the suction end of the pump by a suitable branch.
By turning the valve so that its perforation may be opposite to any perforation
in the valve seating, communication is established between the pump and the
suction pipe connected to that perforation.
Figure 6 shews the manner in which a pipe a from the hold of a vessel or
from the sea, or a reservoir, may be put in communication with either end of
the pump by turning the plug 6 in its seat c, being connected to the suction
part of the pump, and d to the delivery end.
Figure 7 shews a plan and section of Figure 4, but applied to a hollow disc
instead of to a dish valve.
Figure 8 is an arrangement of beer engine, the cock below shewn
detached illustrating one of the arrangements for pumping different kinds of
liquor. By adjusting any of the holes a, b, c, of the plug of the cock to a hole
in the bottom of the pump in close communication with the pump barrel, any
of the liquors in the separate suction pipes may be separately drawn and pre-
served from admixture with the liquor drawn before it, or the liquor in the
other suction pipes. In the Drawing I have shewn a cock having three pas-
sages, but I do not confine myself to that number, as a cock can be made
with more than three passages, and I intend to use any available number of
passages or cocks.

page_text: The nozzle shewn in Figure 2 may be applied to one of the valve chambers
of most of the other forms of application.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that what I consider to be novel :
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First, the general constructions and arrangements of pumps as herein-before
described.
Second, the application and use of two sets of lift valves, one set communi-
cating with the suction end, and the other set communicating with the
delivery end of a pump barrel, as herein-before described.
Third, the application and use of dished or tapered perforated valves
working in correspondingly shaped perforated seats for connecting two or
more suction or delivery pipes with a pump barrel, as herein-before described.
Fourth, the application and use of a hollow disc provided with two or more
ports, and working over a suitable perforated seating connected with two or
more suction and one or more delivery pipes, in the manner and for the
purpose herein-before described.
Fifth, the application and use of duplicate disc valves, the one communi-
cating with the suction end and the other with the delivery end of a pump
barrel, as herein-before described.
Sixth, the application of a spout or nozzle to the valve chamber for the
purpose of delivering the water either to the deck of a ship through a hose-
pipe or through a pipe leading to the sea, as herein-before described.
Seventh, the application and use in pumps of the peculiar plug or cock
shewn in Figure 6 of my Drawings, in the manner and for the purpose herein-
before described.
Eighth, the application to beer engines or other pumps of one or more
cocks provided with two or more separate thoroughfares or passages, in the
manner and for the purpose herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Martin, have to this my Specifi-
Ication set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of June, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty.
TIENDV MADTIAL
[ENDY MARTIN
(1.5.)