IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR THE PRESERVATION OF ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE PROTECTION OF EXPLOSIVE AND COMBUSTIBLE MATTERS OR SUBSTANCES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Henry Baker and Amos George Steed,
both of Tonbridge, in the County of Kent, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR THE PRESERVATION OF
ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO
APPLICABLE TO THE PROTECTION OF EXPLOSIVE AND COMBUSTIBLE MATTERS OR
SUBSTANCES."
Scaled the 15th Juno 1875, and dated the 23rd December 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Henry Baker
and Amos George Steed at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 23rd December 1874.
WC, THOMAS HENRY BAKER and AMOS GEORGE STEED, both of
Tonbridge, in the County of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR THE PRE-
SERVATION OF ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE PROTECTION OF EXPLOSIVE AND COMBUSTIBLE MATTERS OR
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
In carrying out our Invention we form a chamber as a receptacle for
the matters to be preserved or protected with a double case or jacket to

page_text: receive water or other cooling media, and we form this jacket with
passages adapted to cause a complete circulation therein of the cooling
media. We also apply a close fitting door or cover to such chamber,
and we apply suitable air pump or other exhausting means in connection
with the interior of the chamber, in order that when such chamber is
filled any atmospheric air contained therein may be withdrawn, and
thus animal or vegetable substances, gunpowder, petroleum, or other
combustible or explosive substances placed in such chamber may, whilst
kept cool, be also protected from the action of atmospheric air. These
chambers thus formed may be used on railways or other roads for the
transit of various matters, and the exhaustion may in such cases be
effected by the revolution of the wheels or otherwise. These chambers
may also be applied on board ship or other vessel, in warehouses or other
places, and the exhaustion may be effected by the operation of steam
engine or other power employed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Henry Baker and Amos George Steed in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 22nd June 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, THOMAS
HENRY BAKER and AMOS GEORGE STEED, both of Tonbridge, in the
County of Kent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of December, in the a
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in
the thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said Thomas Henry Baker and
Amos George Steed, Her special license, that we, the said Thomas
Henry Baker and Amos George Steed, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Thomas Henry Baker
and Amos George Steed, our exccutors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to timo and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and

page_text: lawfully might make, usc, cxcrcise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Islo
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN Means or ApparaTUS FOR THE
PRESERVATION OF ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
; ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE PROTECTION OF EXPLOSIVE AND COMBUSTIBLE MATTERS
OR SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
Thomas Henry Baker and Amos George Steed, our executors or admi-
nistrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, hands and
scals, or under the band and seal of one of us or them, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that wo, the said Thomas Henry Baker and Amos
6 George Steed, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to
say:-
The object of the Invention is to obtain increased efficiency in the
preservation of animal and vegetable substances, and increased protection
from danger in the storage or carriage of explosive and combustible
matters or substances.
In order to carry our Invention into effect we form each chamber or
receptacle for the reception of the animal or vegetable substance, or of
the explosive or combustible substance or matter with a double case or
jacket to receive water or other cooling media, which is kept in a state
of circulation; and in order to obtain the desired circulation of the
water or other cooling media so employed, as well as to give strength
and stability to the chambers or receptacles, and the space formed by
this outer jacket is divided by longitudinal or transverse ribs into
passages, the divisions between which extend alternately from one to
near the opposite end or length of the jacket space, or these internal
divisions are each perforated at one of their ends, but alternately, so
that water or other media forced through these jacket spaces will by
the passages thus formed be controlled to circulate fully over the whole
of the surfaces of such chambers, and thereby keep the interior thereof
cool.

page_text: The water or other media will be caused to flow into theso passages
through a suitable pipe or passage applied at one end of them, and away
at the extreme end or extent of circulation thereof, and the supply of
such water or other media may be maintained by means of a force pump
or other suitable means.
In some cases, as in the case of railway trucks or carriages, or on
board ship, and in other situations, a number of such separate chambers
or receptacles may be combined together, and the water or other media
after circulating over the various surfaces in the jacket spaces and
passages of one chamber or receptacle may pass to those of another, and 1
thence to others, and so on in succession: until it has circulated over all
of them, or there may be a separate supply to the jacket space of each
chamber or receptacle, or the chambers or receptacles may be divided
into sets or series with separate supplies to each serios.
In the case of ships and other vessels the pumps employed for this
purpose or some of them may be worked by propellors placed in channels
through which the sea or other water may be caused to flow by virtuo
of the vessel's progress, and in the caso of the application to railway
carriages these pumps may be worked by wheels driven by frictional
contact with other wheels on the axles of the bearing wheels.
Air may also be withdrawn from the interior of these vessels or
chambers by air pumps, or such like exhausting means suitably
operated, and animal and vegetable substances, gunpowder, petroleum,
or other combustible or explosive substances placed in such chamber
may, whilst kept cool, be also protected from the action of atmospheric
air. Access to these chambers or compartments may be obtained through
close fitting doors or covers. Chambers thus formed may be used not
only on railways or other roads, and on board ship for the storage and
transit of various matters, but also in warehouses or other places, and
the pumps or forcing or exhausting means may be worked by steam or
other suitable power.
Vacuum gauges are applied when desired to indicate the extent of the
vacuum produced or maintained.
Having thus described our Invention, and means which we adopt in
carrying the same into effect, we would have it understood that what we
claim as our Invention is, the arranging or combining means or

page_text: apparatus for the preservation of animal and vegetable substances, and
the protection of explosive and combustible matters or substances, in
manner substantially as described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Thomas Henry Baker and Amos
George Steed, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Twenty-second day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-five.