IMPROVE- MENTS IN TEMPLES FOR LOOMS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Abraham Tweedale, of Healey Hall, near Rochdale,
in the County of Lancaster, Wool Carder, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TEMPLES FOR LOOMS."
Sealed the 2nd December 1864, and dated the 8th June 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Abraham Tweedale at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
June 1864.
I, ABRAHAM TWEEDALE, of Healey Hall, near Rochdale, in the County of
Lancaster, Wool Carder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TEMPLES FOR LOOMS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to those temples which are armed with projecting"
points taking into the cloth, and which are capable of revolving upon centres,
and consists, firstly, in imparting rotatory motion thereto irrespective of the
action of the cloth.
In one arrangement I employ for this purpose a ratchet wheel acted upon
by a click, which is carried by a vibrating lever. This lever is weighted at
one end, and its click bears by that weight at every vibration upon the ratchet
wheel, and imparts rotatory motion to the revolving temple in amount more
or less according to the demands of the cloth.
In another arrangement the above-mentioned weight is dispensed with, and

page_text: the driving click acting upon the ratchet wheel is caused to vibrate with a
positive motion by connection with any ordinary moving part of the loom.
Another part of my Invention relates to a method of adapting the spikes
which act upon the cloth; I mount these spikes within a casing which contains
cams, and these cams by acting upon the spikes protrude them to lay hold of 5
the cloth, and withdraw them when they are to leave it.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Abraham Tweedale in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
8th December 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ABRAHAM
TWEEDALE, of Healey Hall, near Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Wool
Carder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, and twenty-seventh year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
the said Abraham Tweedale,
Abraham Tweedale, Her special license that
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Abra-
ham Tweedale, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TEMPLES FOR LOOмs," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Abraham Tweedale, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Abraham Tweedale, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (and accompanying Drawings) that is to say:-"
My Invention relates, firstly, to those temples which are armed with pro-
jecting teeth taking into the cloth, and which are capable of revolving upon
centres, and consists, firstly, in imparting rotatory motion thereto irrespective

page_text: of the action of the cloth. This part of my Invention is shewn at Figs. 1 and
2 of the accompanying Drawings, in which the tappet shaft is shewn at a.
Upon the wheel 6 of this shaft are mounted two studs c constituting tappets,.
which as the said wheel revolves arrive alternately in contact with a lever d
mounted so as to be capable of turning upon a centre at e: The other end.
of this lever carries a click or driver f, turning on a centre g, and acting at
its upper end upon a ratchet wheel h mounted upon a shaft i, which extends
across the front of the loom, as seen at Fig. 2. The Drawing Fig. 1 shews.
the click f in front of the ratchet wheel h, but this is merely in consequence
of the said click extending on each side of the ratchet wheel, which thus
becomes a guide. At k is a detaining click for preventing the shaft i from.
turning backward. The lever d is weighted at 1, and its tendency is always.
therefore to turn downward at its end d", thus forcing (by the said weight) the-
click fagainst the ratchet wheel h. Upon the shaft is a bevil pinion m,.
giving motion to another pinion, on the axis of which is a spur pinion.n,.
which through the train o, p, gives motion to a pinion q mounted upon..the.
temple, which is shewn upon an enlarged scale at Figs. 3 and 4, and which I
will now describe. At q is the pinion indicated by the same letter in Fig. I.
This pinion is formed upon a cylinder'r, which is mounted so as to be capable
of revolving upon a stud s, and it is provided with a series of slits t, within
which are placed thin blades u, formed at their upper ends with points, which
take into the cloth as hereafter to be described. One of these pointed blades
is shewn detached at Fig: 5. The revolving cylinder r is formed on its under
side as a cam w, and parallel with this curve is another corresponding curve a,
formed upon or attached to the plate or framework y, which carries the studs,
and also the pinions n, o, p, of Figs. 1 and 2; the two curved surfaces w, x,
therefore constitute a grooved cam, and in the groove thus formed are situate
nibs y projecting from the pointed blades u. The operation is as follows:
As the tappet shaft a revolves it brings one or other of the pins c against the
lever d, which being thus caused to turn upon its centre e draws the click f
downward over the teeth of the ratchet wheel h, and when the said pin cleaves
the lever d, the weight I will by causing it to turn in the other direction force
the driver f against the teeth of the ratchet wheel h, and. the shaft i therefore
may be caused to revolve. The revolution of this shaft will through the medium
of the pinions before described communicate rotatory motion to the pinion q,.
and thus the cylinder r with its pointed blades u will be caused to revolve..
As this revolution of the said pointed blades takes place they are carried.along.
the groove formed by the curved surfaces w, x, being gradually elevated.
thereby, and passing gradually into the cloth which extends over them between

page_text: the red lines A, B. This revolution of the said points being continued by
successive actions of the lever d subsequently carries the pointed blades
down the groove formed by the curved surfaces w, x, and therefore withdraws
them from the cloth, so that they are constantly entering the same as the
cloth is being woven, and leaving it as it is taken up, and thus the required
action of a temple is effected. It has been observed that it is the weight 1 which
in this instance gives motion to the ratchet wheel h, and consequently to the
shaft i and pointed blades u, it follows therefore that if the cloth be at any
time of such tension as to resist the weight that no advance of the temple
will take place, and that such advance will be more or less according to the
requirements of the cloth. The weight may be shifted on the lever to suit
different strengths of cloth, and for some may be placed on the opposite side
of the centre, leaving the excess of weight in the lever itself to act.
I have in the foregoing description spoken of only one revolving set of
pointed blades, but the arrangement is of course the same on each side of the
loom, as seen in the plan view of Fig. 2. The following is an arrangement I
sometimes employ in conjunction with the above-described improvements for
the purpose of holding the cloth during the beating up--At 1 is a short lever
mounted upon a centre 2, which is carried by the stationary plate or frame y,
and which which lever is provided with a number of teeth taking into the cloth,
as seen in Fig. 1. At 3 is another lever turning upon a centre at 4, provided
with a groove, into which the teeth of the other lever 1 project, the two there-
fore constituting a pair of jaws. When the slay advances, it strikes against
a nob on the lever 1, thus causing it to turn upon its centre 2 and release the
cloth, and this turning brings the other end of the said lever against a pro-
jecting part 5 of the lever 8, which also being caused to turn upon its centre
the jaws are opened and the cloth liberated to return to the position shewn,
when the slay returns for beating up. The tail end of the lever 1 is deter-
mined in its motion by a stop 6. Instead of effecting the revolution of the
temple by a weight, as illustrated at 1, I also cause the ratchet wheel h to
revolve by a positive motion derived from any moving part of the machine.
In order to explain this it will merely be necessarily to suppose an excentric
placed on the shaft a, which excentrics by acting on the lever d will cause it
to vibrate, and so afford a driving motion to the click f.
My Invention as above stated consists, firstly, in a method of giving motion
to revolving spiked temples; I do not therefore limit myself as regards that
portion of my Invention to the peculiar construction of temples shewn and
described, but claim as secured to me under the above in part recited Letters
Patent,

page_text: Firstly, in reference to such temples as above described, causing them to
rotate by a power independent of the motion of the cloth, also the method
shewn and described for accomplishing that object.
Secondly, the revolving temple above described, the holding points being
protruded and withdrawn by cams.
In witness whereof, I, the said Abraham Tweedale, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventh day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
ABRAHAM TWEEDALE. (L.S.)