Improvements in Apparatus for Bevelling the Edges of Glass and Pebble Lenses and the like.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 15th June, 1898
1030
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Bevelling the Edges of Glass and
Pebble Lenses and the like.
JAMES WEST, Member of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, Engineer,
and HENRY JOSEPH WILBERFORCE RAPHAEL, Gentleman, both of 39, Highbury
Grove, London, N., do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for bevilling the edges of
elliptical and other shaped lenses and glasses, such as are used for spectacles,
watch glasses and so forth.
According to this invention the elliptical shaped lenses or glasses are shaped and
bevelled by being subjected to a rapid rotary motion, within a fixed mould,
whose interior is approximately of a spheroidal form. The edges of the lenses or
glasses are made to hear upon the said spheroidal surface of the mould by
centrifugal force whilst some abraiding or grinding material is constantly fed in
during the motion; until they are ground away to the shape of the portion of the
mould upon which they bear.
For this reason therefore it is necessary to construct a mould whose interior
surface shall be so shaped as to fulfill these conditions, whilst the necessary pro-
visions for inserting and removing the lenses, or glasses, as well as for com-
municating the necessary motions from the outside to them, shall also be present.
Accordingly therefore the mould itself is preferably made in two pieces, each of
which is recessed out hemispheroidally in such a way that when they are brought
together, the said recesses exactly coincide with each other, and form one spheroidal
chamber; so that if the said chamber be cut through the zone in the periphery
where it is intended to give the bevelling to the lenses, or glasses, by a plane
parallel to that of the axis, it would reveal an ellipse whose axes coincide with those
of the lenses it is desired to produce. The zone being continuous, it will be seen
that the section thus revealed may be obtained at any point in the circumference
provided it be cut at the same distance from the axis."
In the interior of the mould there is a round spindle or mandril which supports
and carries the lenses, or glasses, normally in a central position.
The mould has an axial hole through which the tail of the said spindle or
mandril is led to the outside, where a rapid rotary motion is imparted to it.
"
"
The lenses, or glasses, themselves are attached to the mandril through the
medium of cradle' or dops" each of which consists of a disc having two
pins fastened to its back face. Holes are bored radially through the mandril at
intervals of 120° to accomodate these pins and to allow them to slide and work
freely therein, so that the cradles or dops may be free to move either towards or
away from the mandril radially; thereby providing accomodation for three lenses
or glasses, forming an equilateral triangle enclosing the mandril.
The lenses, or glasses, are fixed by their faces flatwise to the cradles, or dops, by
means of pitch or other suitable stuff, or by means of a vacuum. formed by a
sucker, and being carried round by the rapidly rotating mandril, are urged out-

page_text: wards against the internal surface, or walls, of the mould during the grinding, by
centrifugal force imparted to them through the cradles.
Small retracting or restraining springs are located between the cradles and the
mandril and connecting the two, so as to return the cradles to their normal places,
after being displaced by centrifugal force during the grinding.
Stop pieces are also intruded into the mandril to intercept the pins of the
cradles and to limit their outward movement, or the distance to which the
centrifugal force may carry the lenses or glasses.
By these means the amount of bevelling on each lens is regulated.
In order to correspond with the requirements of the mandril, the mould is also
designed and arranged to accomodate three lenses or glasses, at a time, the parts of
the mould being held together by bolts or other means.
During the process of grinding the mould is rigidly held whilst the mandril
and its attachments only are rotated.
In regard to bevelling the edges of lenses and glasses of other than elliptical
shapes, the interior of the moulds is varied in shape to bevil lenses and glasses
to a variety of shapes. For example if it is required to bevil the edges of circular
glasses or lenses, then the mould will be of spherical shape internally; again if it
be required to bevil glasses or lenses, known as pantoscopic, it will be seen that
the mould may be varied, accordingly, internally and so on.
By these means it will be also seen that a great variety of shapes may be bevelled
by being treated according to our invention.
The bevil required on the edges of all spectacles or glasses or lenses, is more or
less of a shape in transverse section, which is continuous round the entire
circumference of the glass, and it will be seen that by the arrangement herein-
before described, the bevelling is carried on, over one entire side of the lens at a
time, and that it is only necessary to reverse the lens, repeating the operation
de novo, to do the opposite side.
In the case of watch, clock and other glasses-whose edges are bevelled only from
one side, they can be done in one operation.
The edges of plate-glass for mirrors and other uses may also be bevelled by this
process.
.
In lieu of the mandril and the sliding dops arrangement hereinbefore described,
we may employ a mandril constructed of strips of spring steel, or blades, secured to
a boss at one end, whilst the free ends are left to vibrate by centrifugal force when
the mandril is rotated; --or instead of being fixed at one end, the blades may be
hinged there, and controlled by separate springs. In either case, however, there
is a disc shaped dop with a dovetailed slot in its back face, by means of which it is
attached to the free ends of each of the spring blades, which are in turn provided
with a corresponding recess. By this arrangement, the dop would be free to adjust
itself in case of any error arising out of the altered position of the blades under
centrifugal force.
The lens is attached by pitch or other substance to the dise or dop and as will be
seen, the blades carrying the lenses and the dops would open out during rotation,
by centrifugal force, and would carry the lenses out against the surface of the
mould where the grinding and the bevelling of the edges of the lens would
take place, as before described.
In lieu of the mandril hereinbefore described, many forms of expanding
mandrils may be used, but we prefer one of the following construction, that is
to say:-
chuck.
The mandril is split longitudenally on radial lines, into three pieces, which are
secured at one end to three dogs or jaws having a limited movement in radial slots,
or dovetailed grooves, formed in a face plate to resemble a three jaw self centring
The tri-section or split mandril is sufficiently long to reach through the axial
opening of the mould into the interior, where the free end of each piece is made to
carry a lens or glass. Upon being rotated, each piece of the mandril moves radially

page_text: outwards by centrifugal force, being guided and controlled by the dogs, or jaws,
working in their grooves in the face plate. At the same time, the lenses in the
interior of the mould attached to the free ends of the pieces of the mandril are
moved outwards against the grinding surfaces of the mould.
Each dog or jaw is provided with a spring for the purpose of returning it to its
normal position. An adjustable stop piece is fixed in the track of each of the
dogs, or jaws, for regulating the travel of the dog, thereby determining the amount
of bevelling to be given to each lens or glass.
In lieu of being securely fixed to the dogs, the ends of each piece or section
of the mandril may be socketted, or otherwise attached to the dogs in such a
way, as to be free to move transversely to the path of the dogs themselves, so that
the pieces of the mandril have a compound movement,
The foregoing matter describes our invention in its simplest form, but it will be
seen that a number of the parts may be combined into one machine whereby a
large number of lenses may be treated at one operation.
For example, if it be desired to construct a machine having eight moulds, then
the halves of the mould are set up opposed to each other, on the plan of an
octagon. These may be secured to, and carried by, two separate sliding saddles
working in rigid guides in line with each other. Levers and. links are attached
to cach saddle in such a way, as to make them move together, or apart, and
thereby close, or open, the whole assemblage of moulds simultaneously by a single
movement of a lever. The mandrils and pulleys or pinions for driving same, may
be arranged round a centrally located friction pulley or toothed wheel by which
the whole are driven.
We prefer to have the axis of the mandril, and therefore that of the mould
lying horizontally, for convenience of feeding the grinding material into the
mould.
The surface on which the grinding takes place in the interior of the mould may
be made renewable. This is done by having a sinking formed therein, to receive
a renewable bush. This bush may be of metal or of compressed emery, or of
any other abraiding substance. In the case of abraiding substance, it may be
pressed into the moulds whilst in a plastic state, or shaped out of natural stone.
Besides bevelling articles of glass, it is obvious that pebbles may be also ground
and bevelled by our invention."
Dated this Fifteenth day of June 1898.
Improvements in Apparatus for Bevelling the Edges of Glass and
Pebble Lenses and the like.
We, JAMES WEST, Member of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Engineer,
and HENRY JOSEPH WILBERFORCE RAPHAEL, Gentleman, both of Stamford Works,
Stamford Road, London, N.E., formerly of 39, Highbury Grove, London, N., do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
-
This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for bevelling the edges of
elliptical and other shaped lenses and glasses such as are used for spectacles,
watch glasses and so forth.
According to this invention the elliptical shaped lenses or glasses are shaped

page_text: and bevelled by being subjected to a rapid rotary motion within a fixed mould,
whose interior is approximately of a spheroidal form. The edges of the lenses
or glasses are made to bear upon the said spheroidal surface of the mould by
centrifugal force whilst some abraiding or grinding material is constantly fed in
during the motion until they are ground away to the shape of the portion of the
mould upon which they bear.
For this reason, therefore, it is necessary to construct a mould whose interior
surface shall be so shaped as to fulfil these conditions whilst the necessary
provisions for inserting and removing the lenses or glasses, as well as for
communicating the necessary motions from the outside to them, shall also be
present.
.
Accordingly therefore the grinding mould itself is preferably made in two
pieces, each of which is recessed out hemispheroidally in such a way that when
they are brought together, the said recesses exactly coincide with each other, and
forin one spheroidal chamber; so that if the said chamber be cut through the zone
in the periphery, where it is intended to give the bevelling to the lenses or glasses,
by a plane parallel to that of the axes, it would reveal an ellipse whose axes
coincide with those of the lenses it is desired to produce. The zone being
continuous, it will be seen that the section thus revealed may be obtained at
any point in the circumference or periphery, provided it be cut at the same distance
from the centre.
In the interior of the mould there is a round or other shaped spindle or mandril,
which supports and carries the lenses or glasses normally in a central position.
The mould has an axial hole or opening, through which the tail of the said
spindle or mandril is led to the outside, where it is carried in a bearing and
subjected to a rapid rotary motion.
The lenses or glasses themselves are attached to the mandril through the medium
of cradles and dops, the former of which consists of a disc, having two pins
fastened to its back face. Holes are bored radially through the mandril at
intervals of 120° to accomodate these pins and to allow them to slide and to
work freely therein, so that the cradles may be free to move either towards or
away from the mandril radially; thereby providing accomodation for three lenses
or glasses forming an equilateral triangle enclosing the mandril.
The lenses or glasses are fixed by their faces, flatwise to the "dops" by means
of pitch or other suitable stuff, or by means of a vacuum formed by a sucker, the
dops in turn being attached to the cradles by means of a dovetail or other device,
and thus secured, the attachments are carried round by the rapidly rotating mandril
and are urged outwards against the internal surface or walls of the mould by the
centrifugal force.
Small retracting or restraining springs are located between the cradles and the
mandril, and connecting the two, so as to return the cradles to their normal
places when the centrifugal action has ceased.
Stop pieces, or other devices, are also introduced into the mandril or other
convenient place, to limit the outward movement or distance to which the
centrifugal force may carry the lenses or glasses. By these means the amount of
bevelling on each lens is regulated.
In order to correspond with the requirements of the mandril the mould is also
designed and arranged to accomodate three lenses or glasses or pebbles at a time,
the parts of the mould being held together by bolts or other means.
During the process of grinding the mould is rigidly held, whilst the mandril
and its attachments only, are rotated, or, we may hold the mandril and rotate
the mould.
In regard to bevelling the edges of lenses and glasses of other than elliptical
shapes, the interiors of the moulds are varied in shape to bevel lenses and glasses
to a variety of shapes. For example, if it be required to bevel the edges of circular
glasses or lenses, then the mould will be of spherical shape internally; again,

page_text: if it be required to bevel glasses or lenses known as "pantoscopic," it will be
seen that the mould may be varied internally accordingly, and so on.
By these means it will be also seen that a great variety of shapes may be
bevelled by being treated according to our invention.
The bevel required on the edges of most spectacle glasses or lenses, is more or
less of a V shape in transverse section, which is continuous round the entire
circumference of the glass. One half of the V occurs on one side of the lens, and
the other half on the opposite side; the two meeting, in the point of the V, in
the plane of the lens; and it will be seen that by the arrangement hereinbefore
described, the bevelling is carried on over one entire side or edge of the lens at a
time, and that it is only necessary to reverse the lens, repeating the operation of
grinding, de novo, to bevel the opposite side. In this case, the edge is brought
to a V in two operations.
-
In the case of watch clock and other glasses whose edges are bevelled on one side
only, they can be done in one operation. The edges, of plate glass for mirrors
and other uses may also be bevelled by this process.
In lieu of the mandrel and the sliding "dop" arrangement, herein before
described, we may employ a mandrel constructed of strips of spring steel or blades
secured to a boss at one end, whilst the free ends are left to vibrate by centrifugal
force when the mandrel is rotated. Or instead of being fixed at one end to a
boss, the blades may be hinges there and controlled by separate springs. In
either case, however, there is a disc shaped slot in its back face, by means of
which it is attached to the free ends of each of the spring blades which are provided
in turn with a corresponding dovetailed projection. By this arrangement the dop
would be free to adjust itself in case of any error arising out of the altered position
of the blades under centrifugal force.
The lens is attached by pitch or other substance to the disc or dop and as will be
seen, the blades carrying the lenses and the dops would open out during rotation
by centrifugal force, and would carry the lenses out against the surface of the
mould where the grinding and the bevelling of the edges of the lens would take
place, as before described.
In lieu of the mandrel herein before described, many forms of expanding mandrils
may be used, but we prefer one of the following construction, that is to say:-
The mandrel is split longitudinally on radial lines, into three pieces, which
are secured at one end to three dogs or jaws having a limited movement in
radial slots, or dovetailed grooves, formed in a face plate to resemble a three jaw
self centring chuck.
The tri-section or split mandrel is sufficiently long to reach through the axial
opening of the mould into the interior, where the free end of each piece is made
to carry a lens or glass. Upon being rotated, each piece of the mandrel moves
radially outwards by centrifugal force, being guided and controlled by the dogs or
jaws, working in their grooves in the face plate. At the same time, the lenses
in the interior of the mould attached to the free ends of the pieces of the mandrel
are moved outwards against the grinding surfaces of the mould.
Each dog or jaw is provided with a spring for the purpose of returning it to its
normal position. An adjustable stop piece is fixed in the track of each of the <logs,
or jaws, for regulating the travel of the dog, thereby determining the amount of the
bevelling to be given to each lens or glass.
In lieu of being securely fixed to the dogs, the ends of each piece or section of
the mandrel may be socketted, or otherwise attached to the dogs in such a way,
as to be free to move transversely to the path of the dogs themselves so that the
pieces of the mandrel have a compound movement.
The foregoing matter describes our invention in its simplest form, but it will be
seen that a number of the parts may be combined into. one machine whereby a
large number of lenses may be treated at one operation.
For example, if it be desired to construct a machine having eight moulds, then
the halves of the moulds may be set up opposed to each other, on the plan of an
1

page_text: octagon. These may be secured to, and carried by two separate sliding saddles
working in rigid guides in line with each other. Levers and links are attached
to each saddle in such a way as to make them move together or apart, and thereby
close or open, the whole assemblage of moulds simultaneously by a single move-
ment of a lever. The mandrels and pulleys or pinions for driving same, may be
arranged round a centrally located friction pulley or toothed wheel by which the
whole are driven.
We prefer to have the axis of the mandrel and therefore that of the mould lying
horizontally, for convenience of feeding the grinding material into the mould:
The surface on which the grinding takes place in the interior of the mould, may
be made renewable. This is done by having a sinking formed therein, to receive
a renewable bush. This bush may be of metal or of compressed emery, or of any
other abraiding substance. In the case of abraiding substance it may be pressed
into the moulds whilst in a plastic state, or shaped out of natural stone.
Besides, bevelling articles of glass it is obvious that pebbles may be also ground
& bevelled by our invention.
The objects of our improvements are
First To provide a hollow mould of the exact shape required to bevel the edges
and at same time, to give them their shape.
Second To provide means for readily fixing and revolving the lenses in the
proper positions with the mould.
Third To provide means for feeding the lenses against the grinding surface
of the mould until they have acquired the desired shape bevel and dimensions.
We attain these objects by the mechanism in the accompanying drawings, in
which-
Fig. 1, is a longitudinal vertical section through the apparatus in which the
lenses to be ground are kept pressed against the interior of the grinding mould by
centrifugal force.
Fig. 2, is a side view of one of the cradles shown separately.
Fig. 3, is a top view of one of the cradles shown separately.
<
<
Fig. 4, is a transverse vertical sectional elevation to an enlarged scale showing
part interior of grinding mould, mandril, and one lens in position attached to
the
cradle and dop," an additional "dop being attached to the top side of
the lens ready for reversing it for performing the second part of the operation.
Fig. 5, is a part longitudinal vertical sectional elevation of same also drawn to
an enlarged scale.
Fig. 6, is a longitudinal vertical section, through apparatus, in which the lenses
to be ground are kept pressed against the interior of the grinding mould by a
feeding device whilst the mould itself is rotated; the grinding mould being
shown open.
Fig. 7, is a top view of the grinding mould, when closed.
Fig. 8, is an end view of three cradles to hold three lenses, arranged
symmetrically round a driving spindle.
Fig. 9, is a side view of the device for feeding the lenses against the interior of
the grinding mould.
Fig. 10, is a side view, and
Fig. 11, a top view of a cradle shown separately.
Fig. 12, is a longitudinal vertical section through apparatus, in which the lenses
to be ground are kept pressed against the interior of the grinding mould by a
feeding device, similar to that described and shown in Fig. 9.
Fig. 13, is an end view of 3 cradles to hold 3 lenses arranged symmetrically
round a driving spindle, similar to Fig. 8.
Fig. 14, is a side view-and-
Fig. 15, is an edge view of a cradle corresponding to Figs. 10 & 11.
Fig. 16, shows a screw device for controlling the feeding.
Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.
a. a. is the hollow grinding mould, made in two pieces a, a, which are firmly

page_text: carried in brackets b, b', which can be brought together to close the mould as shown.
in Fig. 1, or separated sufficiently to open the mould as shown in Fig. 5, the
brackets b. b being firmly bolted to a support (not shown in the drawings) when
the mould has been closed. c, care hemispherical recesses in the two halves of
the mould. d is an axial opening through which passes a spindle e which can be
set in rapid revolution by a pulley at its outer end. This spindle e turns
in bearings ff at its outer end, shown in the drawings at Fig. 12, but not shown
at Fig. 6 & 1, and is guided freely in the cylindrical extensions of the
mould a, a, by which the latter are held. In order that this spindle may be
accurately adjusted from time to time, we sometimes carry the outer end in a
bell chuck g, which is attached to the headstock of a lathe (not shown in
drawings).
The edge of one of the halves of the mould a, is recessed into the edge i
of the other half a', so that their inner surface, when they are brought together, is
smooth and continuous. k (Figure 6) represents toothed plates screwed to the
edges, by which they are securely guided and held in place whilst the mould
rotates.
The end of the spindle or mandrel e, has three equi-distant flats formed upon its
sides, as shown in Figs. 4, 8, and 13, and against each of these flat sides is fitted a
disc, which carries the lens which is to be ground. Each of these discs has firmly
fixed to its back, two parallel pins or bars m, which pass freely through corre-
sponding holes in the flat sides of the spindle, the pins upon one of the discs
being arranged at equal distances at each side of the centre, and those upon the other
two discs being arranged nearer to the edge of the disc, so that the pins and the
holes through the spindle may not interfere with each other, as indicated in
Figs. 4, 5, 8 and 13.
The outer ends of the pins m, after passing through the spindle e are connected
by a cross barn, Figures 1, 2, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14 & 15, and light helical springs
(shown at n', Figures 13, 14 & 15) may be arranged round the pins between the
spindle e, and the cross bar n, so as to draw the disc against the flat sides of the
spindle. In all the figures, the pins are shown fluted, being made of pinion steel,
so that the particles of emery should not obstruct their easy working."
"
The cradles and "dops on which the lenses are carried, are shown' clearly
in Figs. 4 and 5, to'enlarged scale. The discs have upon their outer surface a
transverse dovetailed guide o, upon which fits freely a corresponding plate or
dop", provided with guides fitting upon the guide.o, so that it can move
freely upon the latter. The lens r, Figs. 4 & 5, is fixed by pitch or other cement
upon the outer face of the plate or dop 2, and a similar plate p', is similarly
cemented to the other or outer side of the lens r, so that when the edge upon one
side. of the latter has been shaped and bevelled, it can be reversed to bevel the
edge on the other side, the plate being fitted upon the dovetailed guide o..
In Fig. 1, s is a reservoir, containing emery or other suitable abrasive powder,
which is fed, together with oil, turpentine, or other suitable liquid, into the interior
of the mould a, a, through a pipe t. It is shown held in place by a stopper u,
inserted into the end of the part a' of the mould.
"
i
The interior of the mould a, a¹, is carefully shaped, so that when the two halves
are brought together (as shown in Fig. 1) the recesses in them exactly coincide, and
form a spheroidal chamber or mould so that if the said chamber he cut through
that zone in the periphery where it is intended to give the shape and bevelling to
the edge of the lenses or glasses, by a plane parallel to the axes, the section would be
an ellipse, the axes of which would coincide with those of the lenses, which it is
desired to produce.
}
The three lenses or glasses roughly shaped; having been fixed to the cradles as
already described, and being carried round by the rapidly rotating mandrel e, are
urged forward, by the centrifugal force, or otherwise, of the cradlès, against the
internal surface or walls of the mould during the grinding process.
During the process of grinding, the mould may be rigidly held, whilst only

page_text: the mandrel e, and its attachments with the lenses are rotated or the mandrel e
may be held, and the mould rotated.
If, on account of the lens being too small or for any other reason, the centrifugal
force is not sufficient to force them out against the interior grinding surface of
the mould, we use the device shown in Figs. 6, 9 & 12. The spindle e has a
central longitudinal passage through which passes the bar, and the outer end
of the spindle e, at the part where its sides are flattened, is bored so as to form a
cylindrical chamber w. At the end of the bar vis formed or fixed a cone
(Fig. 9), the outer part of which at a is cylindrical, whilst the larger end of the
cone a fits freely in the chamber w. The cone and cylinder a, a, are perforated
transversely with longitudinal slots y, through which the pins m, at the back of
the plates 7, can pass freely.
Projections at the back of the plate / rest against the parts of a, a, between
the slots y, so that as the conical part is pressed in by means of the bar the
plates together with the cradles and "dops" and the lenses will be mechanically
forced gradually outward, and the edges of the lenses will be ground and bevelled
in the manner already described. When the bar is withdrawn, the cradles and
lenses can revert to their positions adjoining the spindle being drawn back by
the springs n¹.
The interior of the mould a, a, may be varied in shape so as to grind and bevel
the edges of lenses or glasses of other than elliptical shape. If, for example, the
edges of circular glasses or leuses are to be bevelled, the mould a, a', will be made
of spherical shape internally. It will be understood, therefore, that lenses or
glasses of a great variety of shapes may be shaped and bevelled by our invention.
The bevel required on the edges of all spectacle glasses or lenses is more or less
of a V-shape in cross section, which is continuous round the entire edge. By
the arrangement described, the shaping and bevelling is first effected over the edge
of one side of the lens, and it is then only necessary to reverse the lens, by
fitting the plate p³ into the dovetail guide o, in order to bevel the edge of the
opposite side.
The edges of glasses for mirrors and other purposes may be bevelled by means
of our invention.
The bar is forced gradually in when required by means of a screw (Fig. 16)
pressing against its end, or by equivalent means, as will be readily understood by
mechanics.
We are aware that, prior to our invention, lenses have been shaped and bevelled
by grinding apparatus, and we do not claim such apparatus generally.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare, that what
we claim, is:-
1. The combination, in apparatus for shaping and bevelling the edges of lenses,
of a hollow mould in two parts a, a', held in adjustable brackets b, b, transverse
passage d, central spindle e, lens-holding plates carried by pins m passing freely
through spindle e, and means for revolving the spindle e, substantially as set
forth.
2. The lens cradle, consisting of the plate 1, pins m,
dovetailed guide o, and
plate or dopp, substantially as shown, for the purpose specified.
3. The combination, in apparatus for shaping and bevelling the edges of
lenses, of the hollow mould in two parts a, a, held in adjustable brackets b, b,
the transverse passage d, spindle e, plates 7, p, pins m, reservoir s, conducting
pipe t, and plug u, all substantially as set forth.
**
4. The combination, in apparatus for shaping and bevelling the edges of lenses,
of the hollow mould in two parts a, a, held in adjustable brackets b, b', the
transverse passage d, hollow spindle e, plates 7, pins m, chamber w, central barv,
cone, and cylinder, transverse slots y, and projections, and means for feeding
forward the central bar v, all substantially as set forth, for the purpose specified,

page_text: 5. The combination with the spindle e, plate l, carrying pins m passing freely
through transverse holes in the spindle e, of crossbars n at the ends of the pins,
and springs n¹ between the crossbars n, and the spindle e substantially as shown,
for the purpose specified.
Thated this 15th day of March 1800