Improvements in Paper Making Machines.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Apr., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 21st Jan., 1897-Accepted, 27th Feb., 1897
Improvements in Paper Making Machines.
We, JAMES PORTEUS CORNETT, of Hylton, in the County of Durham, Paper Mill
Manager, and FREDERICK AUGUSTUS LINDLRY, of Eskbridge, in the County of
Midlothian, Paper Mill Foreman; do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
The object of our invention is to improve the surface of paper and prevent the
marking by the "wire" which occurs in the existing process of manufacture, or in
other words to equalize the top and under surfaces of paper while it is in a soft or
plastic condition.
In carrying out our invention we retain the existing wire on the paper making
machine with the usual vacuum boxes and "shake" motion, but we dispense. with
the couch rolls on this wire, and substitute for the existing bottom couch roll a roll
to drive the wire. Between the existing wiro, and the first set of press rolls we
introduce a second wire male of a finer mesh than the first wire on which we apply
the usual couching rolls. The paper pulp flows on to the first wire in the usual
manner, and is subjected to the action of the "shake" and vacuum boxes as in
existing arrangements. In passing over the vacuum boxes of the first or existing
wire the fibres of the paper are drawn into the meshes of the wire, thus imparting
to the paper a rongh surface corresponding to the mesh of the wire, or what is
known to the paper maker as the "wire mark." After the paper has passed over
the first wire it is led on to the second or finer meshed wire where it is subjected to
the action of the couch rolls. The action of the second wire is as follows:-The-
paper on reaching the second wire has the "wire mark" on its under side due to
the meshes of the first wire (say 66 mesh) and it is the function of the second wire
by virtue of its finer mesh (say 90 mesh) to depress the excresconces on the paper
into the intervening spaces so that the "wire mark" due to the first wire is entirely
obliterated. The paper is then led on to the wet felt, and subjected to the usual
action of the press rolls, where all traco of the "wire mark" is practically lost.
It will be seen from the foregoing description that although the first wire is still
subjected to the action of the shako" and friction of the vacuum boxes it has not
to withstand the nipping action of the couch rolls, and consequently the "life" of
the wire will be materially increased. The second or finer meshed wire is not called
upon to resist the "twisting" action of the shake nor the vacuum box friction, and
is only subjected to the pressure of the top couch roll so that "wear and tear' are
reduced to a minimum on this wiro.
The essential feature of our invention is the introduction of a second wire made
of a fluer mesh than the first wire between the existing wire, and the first press
roll wet felt. We do not confine ourselves to the use of two wires, but claim the
application of two or more wires of a varying degree in the fineness of the mesh.
The "wire" in the above description may be defined "as an endless woven fabric
composed of a suitable metallic substance or alloy," and we do not claim the appli-
cation of a "felt" which would be properly described as a woven fabric composed
of suitable animal or vegetable substances.
The mechanical arrangements for carrying the second wire would be practically
the same as are now required for the existing first wire, or what is usually known

page_text: to the paper maker as "the wire." We do not debar ourselves from introducing
one or more vacuum boxes on the second or intermediate wires, and we may have
only one or a series of pressing rolls on the intermediate wires. We may also retain
the couch rolls in their present position on the existing or first wire and introduce
a so called "pressing" roll on the second or intermediato wires.
WALLACE FAIRWEATHER,
Chartered Patent Agent,
62 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicants.
Improvements in Paper Making Machines.
We, JAMES PORTEUS CORNETT, of Hylton, in the County of Darham, Paper Mill'
Manager, and FREDERICK AUGUSTUS LINDLEY, of E-kbridge, in the County of
Midlothian, Paper Mill Foreman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
Ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of our invention is to improve the surfaco of paper and prevent the
marking by the "wire" which occurs in the existing process of manufacture, or
in other words to equalize the top and under surfaces of paper while it is in a soft
or plastic condition.
In carrying out our invention and as illustrated in the accompanying drawing
which shows part of a paper making machine with our improvements applied
thereto, we retain the existing "wire" A on the paper making machine with the
usual vacuum boxes and "shake" motion, but we dispense with the couch rolls on
this wire, and substitute for the existing bottom couch roll a roll C to drive the wire.
Between the existing wire A, and the first set of press rolls D we introduce a second
wire B made of a finer mesh than the first wire A on which we apply the usual
conching rolls E, E. The paper pulp flows on to the first wire A in the usual manner,
and is subjected to the action of the "shake" and vacuum hoxes as in existing
arrangements. In passing over the vacuum boxes of the first or existing wire the
fibres of the paper are drawn into the meshes of the wire, thus imparting to the paper
a rough surface corresponding to the mesh of the wire, or what is known to the
paper maker as the "wire mark." After the paper has passed over the first wire it is
led on at a to the second or finer meshed wire B where it is subjected to the action
of the couch rolls E, E. The action of the second wire is as follows:-The paper
on reaching the second wire has the "wire mark" on its under sido due to the meshes
of the first wire (say 66 mesh) and it is the function of the second wire B by virtue
of its finor mesh (say 90 mesh) to depress the excrescences on the paper into tho
intervening spaces, so that the "wire mark" due to the first wire is entirely
obliterated. The paper is then led on to tho wet felt Fat and subjected to the
usual action of the press rolls D, where all traco of the "wire mark" is practically
lost. From the press rolls the paper pas-es to the drying cylinders G in the
usual way.
It will be seen from the foregoing description that although the first wire A is
still subjected to the action of the "shake" and friction of the vacuum boxes, it
has not to withstand the nipping action of the couch rolls, and consequently the
"life" of the wire will be materially increased. The second or finer meshed
wire B is not called upon to resist the "twisting" action of the shake nor the vacuum
box friction, and is only subjected to the pressure of the top couch ro'l E so that
"wear and tear" are reduced to a minimum on this wire.

page_text: The essential feature of our invention is the introduction of a second wire made
of a finer mesh than the first wire between the existing wire, and the first press roll
wot felt.
We do not confine ourselves to the use of two wires, but claim the application of
two or more wires of a varying degree in the fineness of the mesh.
The wire" in the above description may be defined "as an endless woven fabric
composed of a suitable metallic substance or alloy," and we do not claim the
application of a "felt" which would be properly described as a woven fabric.
composed of suitable animal or vegetable substances.
The mechanical arrangements for carrying the second wire B as shown are
practically the same as are now required for the existing first wire, or what is
usually known to the paper maker as "the wire." We do not debar ourselves.
from introducing one or more vacuum boxes on the second or intermediate wires,
and we may have only one or a series of pressing rolls on the intermediate wires. We
may also retain the couch rolls in their present position on the existing or first
wire and introduce a so called "pressing" roll on the second or intermediate wires.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
In a paper making machine the arrangement in combination with the "wire "
on to which the paper pulp is led and to which the usual shaking motion and
vacuum boxes are applied of a second "wire" or two or more "wires" of finer
mosh to which the nipping pressure by couch rolls may be applied without injury-
to the wires substantially as described.
WALLACE FAIRWEATHER,
Of the Firm of Cruikshank & Fairweather,
Chartered Patent Agents, 62 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow,.
Agent for the Applicants.