Improvements in Apparatus for the Evaporation of Liquids.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Jan., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 9th Oct., 1890-Accepted, 15th Nov., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for the Evaporation of Liquids.
I WILLIAM WILD of 58 Bishopsgate Street London E.C. Physician do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
--
My invention consists of an inner vessel preferably of cylindrical form to heat the
liquid, in conjunction with an outer vessel in which latter is contained a circular
evaporating coil formed preferably of copper, or iron pipes may be used increasing in
diameter towards the lower end. The lower and upper ends of the inner vessel are
connected by means of a pipe, the lower and wider extremity of the evaporating coil
leading to a separating chamber. The separating chamber is in the forin of a metal
box preferably square having in any required position an opening leading to the
condenser and vacuum pump, the use of which to remove the concentrated liquor.
The separater consists of small vertical pipes fixed in the separating chamber in any
required position in conjunction with any number of metal plates fixed alternately
between the pipes and the side of the separating chamber. The process is as follows:-
The liquid to be evaporated enters the evaporating chamber from the heating vessel
placed at the upper end of the coil, the evaporation taking place in the interior of the
coil, the heating steam filling the outer vessel and acting directly in the circular coil.
The vapours are drawn into the separating chamber by the vacuum pump and any
liquid carried away with the vapour is retained there. The concentrated liquor is
removed by a pump attached to the opening in the bottom of the separating
chamber.
Dated this 9th day of January 1890.
GRAHAM & GRAHAM,
Agents for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for the Evaporation of Liquids.
I, WILLIAM WILD, 58 Bishopsgate Street, E.C., Physician, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in apparatus for the evaporation of liquids,
and has for its object to ensure a more perfect concentration of the liquid under
treatment.
Referring to the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 represents a sectional elevational view of the improved apparatus in its
simple form, showing the disposition of an evaporating worm or coil enclosed within a
heating chamber and connected to a separating chamber,
Figure 2 is a similar view showing the disposition of three evaporating worms or
coils, and
Figure 3 is an elevational view of a compound machine ;
Similar letters of reference being employed to denote like parts in the several views.
The device, in accordance with my invention, in its simplest form comprises an
outer enclosing case or chamber A within which is fixed centrally an inner chamber B
for heating the liquid before its entry into the evaporating coil, and is connected at its
upper part to a suitable reservoir. Within the intervening space between the outer
case A, and inner chamber B, and surrounding the latter, is disposed a worm or coil C,
formed of any suitable metal, but preferably of copper, tapering from its upper
extremity, where it is of small diameter, to its lower extremity where it is of con-
siderably greater diameter. The upper end of the worm or coil C is connected by
means of a small pipe a with the inner heating chamber B, the flow of the liquid being
ID 11/1

page_text: controlled by a tap, cock, valve or equivalent b. The lower end of the worm or coil C
terminates at any convenient part of the outer enclosing case A, and is connected by a
length of pipe e with a separating chamber D, which latter may be a case or box of
suitable shape and dimensions, and within which are disposed vertically one or more
groups of pipes or tubes d, said groups being separated by vertical screens or
diaphragms e extending about two thirds or more across the chamber D so as to allow
of the liquid under treatment to circulate among the tubes or pipes d in an irregular
manner, and thus separate the liquid from the vapor. The concentrated liquid is drawn
off by a suitable vacuum or suction pump connected to the separating chamber at f,
and the vapor passes out by the pipe g.
The steam or other heating medium which is injected into the outer chamber A at h
circulates freely around the worm or coil C and, after giving up its heat, or partially
so, passes out from said chamber A by way of the discharge pipe E. The liquid under
treatment, which is supplied from a suitable reservoir, enters the chamber B under
pressure at the top, passes by way of the valve b, rising in the pipe a until it reaches
the worm or coil Cat i down which it flows, and taking up the heat imparted to the
worm or coil by the heating medium, is partially transformed into vapor, and, passing
from said worm or coil into the separating chamber, the concentrated liquid and vapor
are drawn off in the manner and by the means aforesaid.
Instead of one worm or coil C, I may employ two or more coils. At Figure 2 of
the accompanying drawings, I have shown a machine having three such worms or
coils C, the action being precisely the same as in a machine having only one coil, thus,
the liquid passes up the pipe a from the heating chamber B into the junction k,
and thence into the smaller ends of the worms or coils C, C, C, down which it
flows.
In order to obtain a still more perfect concentration of the liquid under treatment, I
may compound the apparatus by employing, say, three machines A, A', A",.disposed
in the manner shown in Figure 3, wherein it will be seen that each machine is
provided with three worms or coils C, C¹, C, as also with an independent separating
chamber D, D', D". Under this arrangement, the flow of the liquid will be from the
inner chamber B to the three worms or coils contained within the case A by way of
the pipe a and junction k thence into the separating chamber D wherein the vapor is
separated from the liquid, which latter, from its greater weight, accumulates at the
bottom of said chamber D, from which it enters the worms or coils enclosed within the
chamber or case A¹ by way of the junction k¹. The vapors pass from the separating
chamber D to the case A' by way of the connecting pipe g; the same operation being
performed by the liquid and vapors until they reach the separating chamber D", from
which the now highly concentrated liquor is drawn off by a vacuum or suction pump
connected with the outlet f, and the vapors are drawn off or allowed to escape by way
of the outlet g".
The chambers A, A¹, A" are connected together by means of the cocks or
valves m, m³, to allow of the heating medium passing from one machine to the other;
each chamber A is also provided with a discharge pipe n, n¹, n¹¹, for drawing off the
water of condensation. The topmost machine A is further provided with a pressure
gauge F, and the others A¹ and A" have each adapted thereto vacuum gauges G, G'.
In the machine in its simple form, much of the heat from the heating medium passes
away without being utilised; in the compound form however, a large proportion of
this wasted heat is taken up and utilised in the passage of the heating medium through
the machines A¹ and A", the obvious results being greater economy in working,
with the additional advantage of a more perfect concentration of the liquid under
treatment.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
First-The improved apparatus for the evaporation of liquids substantially as
described and shown in the accompanying drawings.

page_text: Second-In the improved evaporating apparatus the combination with a heating
chamber disposed centrally within an outer case or chamber of a tapered worm or coil
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Third-In the improved apparatus herein described the adaptation thereto and
combination therewith of a separating chamber as and for the purpose set forth.
Dated this 9th day of October 1890.
GRAHAM & GRAHAM,
Agents for Applicant.