matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED MEANS OF SECURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY PASSENGERS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Coleman Defries, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th February
1865.
I, COLEMAN DEFRIES, of the firm of Jonas Defries and Sons, of Hounds-
ditch, in the City of London, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MEANS OF SECURING THE SAFETY OF
RAILWAY PASSENGERS," to be as follows: -
The object of my Invention is to prevent those serious and often fatal
accidents which occur on railways in consequence of the passengers on the
arrival of a train at a station, and before it has ceased to move, opening the
doors and getting out. I propose to give to the guard the power of securing
from his van the whole of the carriage doors as a train starts from a station
and to release them as the carriages come to a state of repose on its arrival
at another. For this purpose, I pass a rod (square or round) under the framing
of each carriage, and at each side thereof, the ends meeting, as do the
buffers, between the carriages. On to this rod I place certain catches or
bolts which as the rod moves (actuated by apparatus in the guard's van) to and
fro, are passed into or released from staples placed at the opening side of each
carriage door. I operate on the rod by means of a lever, which I propose to
put near the braking apparatus in the guard's van; or I tooth a part of the rod
in the guard's van, and work it by means of a quadrant-shaped toothed

page_text: segment of a wheel, or by a whole toothed wheel, if preferred. I propose
to provide for the traction jerks and curves by allowing the ends of the rods
free play and bringing them together again by a double helical spring or by any
contrivance suitable for that purpose.. A modification of bolt, slot, and spring
will (if it be deemed desirable), permit the doors to be secured at foot-in their
centres instead of at the sides as. before, mentioned..
IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE PUNCHING APPARATUS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Medhurst at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th June 1865.
I, JOHN MEDHURST, of No. 181*, Rotherhithe Street, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PORTABLE PUNCHING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in portable punching
apparatus. The apparatus consists of a solid forging or block with two jaws, one
carrying the bed die and the other being formed to receive a slide in which the
punch is fixed, and the slide is so arranged in the jaw as to be able to move
truly with the punch to and from the bed die. At the upper end opposite to.
the punch a pin or axis is carried, and on it is fixed a roller having teeth
on it periphery. The pin or axis is placed out of the centre of the roller a
distance equal to half the stroke which it is desired to give to the punch.
Immediately over or beyond this roller on the end of the slide is a pin or axis
passing through the forging or block and capable of turning therein. On
this axis or forming a part thereof is another roller much smaller than the
first, and also with teeth on its periphery. The teeth of the two rollers gear
together so that when the smaller is rotated by a ratchet or other bandle
mounted on its axis the larger roller is also turned, and as the pin or axis
which connects it with the slide is eccentric a slow motion is given to the
slide, and on the descent of the punch a metal plate may be perforated. In

page_text: order that the larger roller with its slide may not fall so as to carry the teeth
out of gear when there is no work between the jaws the larger roller has on
it on each side a concentric boss, and these bosses rest upon ledges forming
together a forked wedge which embraces the largest roller; it is passed through
the forging or block and suitably secured. It will be seen that by rotating
the axis in one direction continuously the punch is raised and lowered
alternately, and no reversal of the direction of driving is requisite.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF TREATING YARNS OR THREADS PREVIOUSLY TO THE PROCESSES OF DYEING AND DRESSING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Mallison at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd February
1865.
I, JAMES MALLISON, of Halliwell, near Bolton, in the County of Lancaster,
Yarn Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF TREATING YARNS OR THREADS PREVIOUSLY TO THE PROCESSES
OF DYEING AND DRESSING," to be as follows:
My Invention is designed for the purpose of preparing yarns or threads so
as to render them fit for use in that description of machines described in the
Specification of Letters Patent granted to Henry Cooke, No. 576, A.D. 1856,
and in similar machines which have not hitherto been quite successful from
the want of such method of treating the yarn. The improved method relates
to the mordanting of the yarns or threads, and consists in passing the yarn or
threads from the "warper's beam" (that is, in a wide or laterally distended
state) through a trough or troughs containing any suitable mordant, such as
sumach, catechu, or other suitable substance containing tannin, and on to
another beam or from a series of beams on to a corresponding number of
beams (or from bobbins on to a beam); after passing through squeezing
rollers they may be allowed to remain in a partially wet state to absorb as
much of the remaining mordant as possible, or they may be passed very slowly
through the mordant troughs to ensure thorough saturation. The yarns or

page_text: threads having been thus mordanted in the "warper's beam" state, are then
ready (without warping or winding) to be dyed, sized, and dressed in any
machine which effects the processes simultaneously, or if preferred, in separate
machines.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE STRENGTHENING AND ORNAMENTING OF COLLAPSIBLE OR SOFT METAL TUBES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Leahy at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th March
1865.
I, EDMUND LEAHY, of Cardington Street, Euston Square, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE STRENGTHENING AND ORNAMENTING OF
COLLAPSIBLE OR SOFT METAL TUBES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates chiefly to the manufacture of tubes for receiving
cosmetics, the object being both to ornament them and to enable them to
retain their shape under the ordinary pressure of the fingers while holding
them. These tubes are now made of soft metal, that is, of pure tin or lead
overlaid with tin. In order to increase their strength without employing an
additional amount of metal for that purpose, I form the tubes in any well
known or approved manner, and I then corrugate them in the direction of
their length. The formed tube I insert in a corrugated tubular mould, and I
then apply internal pressure to the tube either by an india-rubber or other
elastic plunger, or by water or other fluid. The effect of this internal pressure
will be to force the soft metal into the corrugations and thus materially to
stiffen the tube. Or I use a corrugated core and reverse the direction of
pressure. The core used in this instance, and the tubular mould in the
former, must be made in parts and divided up longitudinally for the purpose
of facilitating the removal of the tube.
Another way of producing the corrugations is to apply rolling pressure.
This will enable me to apply any desired ornamental device to the tube. The
further to strengthen the tubes I may insert a paper tube therein.

page_text: Another mode of producing the corrugations is to use corrugated dies and
plungers in place of plain ones for forming the tubes. Tubes thus formed I
propose to further ornament by applying thereto colored varnishes and
-lacquers.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW FITTINGS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cooke at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with. his Petition, on the 10th October.
1865..
I, WILLIAM COOKE; of Park House, Saint James's, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW FITTINGS," to be as follows:-
These fittings consist of laminæ or pieces of wire gauze or other perforated.
material so constructed as to represent blinds, cornices, or ventilators, and are-
thus formed. The wire gauze or other material used is stretched upon.
frames of metal, wood, or any suitable substance in. pieces, strips, or folds ;.
each blind, cornice, or ventilator consists of two pieces or more so formed as.
to expand or contract at pleasure, and thus fit various. sized windows or
openings. By hingeing together any number of these lamina slabs or venti-
lating blinds they can be made to fill up any space left open by a window
partially or entirely open, and they can also be made to open and shut at
pleasure.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN GAS BURNERS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Woodward at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th August
1865.
I, HENRY WOODWARD, of Cannon Street, in the City of London, Gas
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN GAS BURNERS," to be as follows:-
I form on the top of the burner at each side of the orifice a grooved arm,
and suspend to each arm a rod or pin carrying a small piece or bead of glass,
the groove or channel on each side being for the purpose of spreading the
flame, and the bead of glass for keeping the flame steady. I also form in
the chamber below the orifice a valve seating, and place in the chamber a
valve having grooves in its surface, so that when the gas is turned on it shall
press the valve to the seating, and only allow the gas to pass through the
grooves, and thus regulate the quantity of gas to be consumed with great
certainty and efficiency.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR GENERATING STEAM
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Lewis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th January 1865.
I, RICHARD LEWIS, of the City of Dublin, Ireland, Foreman Iron Ship-
builder and Boiler Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR GENERATING STEAM," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in substituting for the ordinary tubes in multitubular
boilers, a simple undulating flue which may be placed either horizontally,
laterally, or vertically, as may be found convenient. The heated gases
generated in the furnace passing by a circuitous route to the chimney are
retained much longer in contact with the heating surface than in the case
where the tubes in ordinary multitubular boilers are employed, and thus a
large per-centage of heat is absorded by the water, and consequent saving in
fuel is effected; also, there being fewer water spaces, and these more readily
accessible than in ordinary multitubular boilers, the heating surfaces of boilers
for generating steam according to my Invention are much more easily kept
clean than in the ordinary multitubular arrangement.
In boilers constructed according to my Invention, the smoke flue, formed
by preference of wrought iron, is so arranged that it can be easily repaired;
and as it may be made of any thickness of iron will not (as is the case with
the tubes of ordinary multitubular boilers) wear out before the shell of the boiler.

page_text: Apertures may be made in the boilers constructed according to my
Invention for the purpose of cleaning out the flue spaces thereof. Tubes
may also, if considered necessary, be placed at the top of the bends of the
flue to more readily allow of the steam generated in the water spaces between
the bends of the flue ascending into the steam chest.
AN IMPROVED SAFETY Lock
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
May 1865. A communication from abroad by Matthieu Prospér
Marotte, of 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries, Paris, France, Locksmith.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of No. 11,
Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SAFETY
Lock," a communication to me from abroad by Matthieu Prosper Marotte, of 15,
Passage des Petites Ecuries, Paris, France, Locksmith, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a novel combination, the distinctive cha-
racteristic of which is that a door furnished with it cannot possibly be
opened by any person unprovided with the proper key. This improved lock
opens from the interior by means of a slight pressure, and on the outside by
an almost invisible draw bolt by means of a hollow knob with slide. The
movement is produced by a balance which forms a lever and replaces the
spring plate of an ordinary lock. This movement works the half-turn lock
which fulfils the functions of the two bolts required in other locks; this lock
closes on the outside by means of a key, and on the inside by a safety button;
result due to the presence of an eccentric within the lock.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MEANS AND. APPARATUS. TO. BE EMPLOYED IN- THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Adolphe Léon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents,. with. his Petition,. on the 10th October
1865. Partly a communication from abroad: by. Absalon Hippolyte
Leplay, of Paris, in the Empire of France..
I, JEAN ADOLPHE LEON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said. Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MEANS AND. APPARATUS. TO. BE EMPLOYED IN- THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR,"
partly communicated to me from abroad by Absalon. Hippolyte Leplay, 'of
Paris, in the Empire of: France,, and partly the result. of my own. Invention,.to.
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the treatment of cane juice and other solutions:
of sugar so as to produce or obtain therefrom in a simple, economical, and
convenient manner crystalized sugar fit to be sent into the market and used
for food without further refining, and consists, firstly, in the employment of a
purifying agent consisting of finely pulverized bone black and phosphate of
soda, which I add to and mix with the cane juice or solution of sugar conjointly
or one after the other; and, secondly, of a straining apparatus and the employ-
ment of the pressure of steam or other elastic vapour in connection therewith
to remove most of the bone black, phosphate of soda, and other insoluble
matters from the cane juice or solution of sugar, and to prepare such cane

page_text: juice or solution of sugar for final clarification in the filter patented by me
in conjunction with Messieurs Tessimond and Kissack on the 4th August
1865, No. 2023. I run the semi-liquid mixture mentioned under the first
head of my Invention into a closed vessel of any suitable external form, in
which there-is. a perforated bottom covered over with a porous fabric.. When
a sufficient quantity has been admitted I shut off the supply and admit steam
or other vapour at pressure over it to force the liquid through the straining
cloth and perforated bottom, and when desired into a cistern or vessel at a
greater elevation than the strainer. The fine bone black and other insoluble
matters removed from the liquid by this straining, when ammonia is
added thereto,, mákes an excellent manure for promoting the growth of sugar
cane..
I also use the same straining apparatus and pressure of vapour for pressing
scum and residue collected and obtained in the manufacture of sugar by the
above or the ordinary process..
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SODA, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE
Year: 1865

page_text: -(This Invention received Provisional: Protection only.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Henry at the "Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th December
1865A communication from abroad by Alphonse Laurent, of 88,
Boulevart Saint Martin, Paris, France.
I, MICHAEL HENRY, of 68, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SODA, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE SAID
MANUFACTURE," communicated to me from abroad by Alphonse Laurent, of 33,
Boulevart Saint Martin, Paris, France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of soda from chloride of sodium
by superheated steam, and its object is to cause the steam to act on all parts
of the chloride when in a fluid, molten, or semi-fluid state, so as to decompose
it thoroughly and obtain a large yield of soda. For this purpose according to
one process superheated steam is projected into the mass of the chloride, so
that it permeates it in bubbles or molecules, agitates it, and effects an
atomic or molecular combination therewith. The steam may be forced in
from the top, the bottom, or the sides.
In one arrangement for carrying this process into effect, the chloride may
be placed in a vessel in the furnace, and the steam introduced through pipes
leading into the bottom of the vessel.
In another arrangement, retorts with bent necks are used instead of a
furnace.
Another process consists in presenting the chloride in thin films or streams

page_text: to the action of numerous jets of steam. This may be effected by causing the
chloride to descend in thin films from surface to surface while being subjected
to steam; the apparatus being so disposed as to separate the products of
decomposition from the products of combustion.
An improved furnace or apparatus for the purpose may be constructed
thus: An arch extending the whole length of the furnace divides it into two
chambers, the lower has the fire bars at one end, and leads at the other end
into a chimney, it is intended for the fire and products of combustion, and it
may be fitted with with plates, ledges, or contrivances to deflect the heat and
give additional heating surface. The upper chamber is intended to receive
the chloride of sodium and the steam. It contains a number of ledges or
steps having notched, slotted, or indented edges; these steps are formed on
the sides of the arch, and superheated steam pipes open opposite the parts of
the arch between the steps. The chloride is introduced on to the top of the
arch, which is formed with sides with slotted, indented, or notched edges to
receive it, and thence it falls on to and spreads over the steps, and descends
from one to another to the bottom of the chamber, being meanwhile subjected
to the action of the steam. The soda is carried off through a delivery passage,
and the products of combustion pass into the chimney.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Moses Savery Maynard at the
Oflice of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,. on the 7th
April 1865.
I, MOSES SAVERY MAYNARD, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster,
Cotton Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the machines used in preparing cotton and other
fibrous substances, generally called roving and slubbing frames, and consists
in certain improved methods of doubling the slivers. These machines a e
usually made with a spindle, flyer, and bobbin to each sliver, two or more of
these bobbins with slivers being drawn together at the succeeding process to
form one thread or sliver.
The present improvements consist in introducing a pair of callender rollers
and a "tulip plate" in front of the ordinary drawing rollers in the same
manner as they are now employed in a drawing frame, for the purpose of
winding two slivers upon one bobbin, thereby dispensing with one half of the
number of spindles, and (as less twist will suffice) producing a greater weight
of material. The slivers so produced are drawn in singly at the succeeding
process, and in the case of a roving or slubbing frame again doubled as
before.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOEING HORSES, PONIES, AND MULES BY USING SHOES WITHOUT NAILS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sainty at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th December
1865.
I, JOHN SAINTY, of Burnham Market, Norfolk, Agricultural Implement
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SHOEING HORSES, PONIES, AND MULES BY USING SHOES WITHOUT NAILS," to be
as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention consists of a shoe to obviate the injury caused by repeatedly
nailing the shoe to prevent it coming off.
This improved shoe is made in the usual form, but with a steel rim
encircling the outside of the hoof; the sole or under part of the shoe is welded
to this rim and cut through to it, which allows the shoe to expand. The
wearing part or outer sole of the shoe is made in five pieces, and each piece
can be removed separately; between the outer and inner sole india-rubber is
placed and secured between them by means of screws which pass through
to the inner sole, and thus confine the shoe to the hoof and prevent its
coming off.
Ix- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Flora McDougall Chalmers at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th.
August 1865. A communication from the late David Chalmers.
I, FLORA MCDOUGALL CHALMERS, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "Ix-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows, that is to say :-
The first part of this Invention relates to certain improvements in the mode
of winding cops used for weaving, the principal feature of which is that when
the cop is placed in the shuttle the weft is drawn off from the outside instead of
from the inside, as at present done. The machinery by which the cops are
wound, so as to be drawn off from the outside instead of from the inside, as
heretofore, consists of a hollow piece of metal, on which a projection is formed
for the purpose of guiding the thread over a short traverse at the commece-
ment of building the cop, so that the whole of the thread may draw off
without breaking. Within the hollow piece of metal there is placed a weight,
through which the cop spindle passes, and as the cop is being formed on the
spindle the weight is by it gradually raised, so that the distance between the
thread and projection becomes increased, thus permitting a longer traverse to
the thread as the cop becomes increased in length. Instead of this last-
mentioned arrangement of mechanism for regulating the length of traverse of
the thread, a wedge is passed through the guide on the working shaft, which
works in connection with a lever and collar fastened on the spindle, and

page_text: accordingly as the thick part of the wedge passes into the guide it causes the
latter to move through a greater distance,. thus giving a gradually increased
traverse to the thread.
Another arrangement consists in fixing to the guide a spiral or flat spring,
beneath which a wedge moves, actuated by a lever guided in its motion by a
collar on the spindle, and as the wedge is drawn out the guide is enabled to
move through a greater distance as the cop is being built.
The second part of this Invention consists of improvements in "broad
looms," and consists in introducing centre cranks or eccentrics, centre swivels,
and centre framings, so as to give stiffness to the whole machine. The loom
is driven by a wheel and pinion of any proportions that may be required,
instead of by a single motion. At the end of the connecting rods of the
crank or eccentric rod a slot is formed, so as to allow the loom to run on
whilst the lay stands still, thus giving the shuttle time to run through.
The improvement in weaving of goods in broadlooms, such as cloths for
tarpaulins, consists in weaving them with thick strips at intervals, so_as_to
increase their strength, the heddles being arranged to shed the warp for this
purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES AND ENDLESS TRACKS ON AND WITH WHICH THEY RUN
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolphe Nicole at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents,, with his Petition, on the 2nd December
1865.
I, ADOLPHE NICOLE; of 14, Soho Square, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES
AND ENDLESS TRACKS ON AND WITH WHICH THEY RUN," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in carriages and endless
track on and with which they run. For these purposes when a carriage is to
be drawn by shafts the body of the carriage is constructed and arranged in a
frame which is mounted on wheels of comparatively small diameter, and it is
preferred that there should be three pairs of wheels and three axles. Two.
pairs of the wheels are on axes below the body of the carriage, and one pair
of the wheels are on an axis above or at the upper part of the body of the
carriage. The wheels are grooved or have flanges on each side so as to insure
their being retained on the two circular elastic tracks or continuous rails
within and on which the carriage wheels move, and the carriage derives all the
necessary spring and elasticity from the circular elastic tracks in place of having
springs between the axles and the body of the carriage. There are usually
two of such elastic circular rings or endless rails or tracks, one on each side of
the carriage, and they are of steel.. In carriages with. long bodies more than
three pairs of wheels and more than two circular elastic tracks or endless rails
may be employed. The circular elastic tracks or endless rails run on the road
in place of the carriage wheels, whilst the carriage wheels run on and within

page_text: these circular elastic tracks, the object being that these circular elastic tracks
should reduce the draft by acting as wheels of large diameter and at the same
time offer the requisite elasticity or spring to the body of the carriage, and
thus admit of the ordinary springs between the axles and body of a carriage
being dispensed with. When a carriage is to be propelled by steam or other 5
power in the carriage, in such cases the axle of one or more pairs of wheels of
the carriage are to receive motion from such power, and the wheels in place of
being plain are to be formed with teeth or projections to enter holes or against
projections formed in or on the interior of the elastic circular tracks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR "SETTING UP" OR COMPOSING TYPE FOR PRINTING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Mackie and James-
Procter Jones at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their -
Petition, on the 13th July 1865.
We, ALEXANDER MACKIE, of Warrington, in the County of Lancaster,.
Publisher, and JAMES PROCTER JONES, of the same Place, Machinist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR "SETTING UP" OR COMPOSING TYPE FOR PRINTING," to be as
follows:-
-
Our Invention is designed for the purpose of delivering or supplying "type"
from the cases containing it to a "composing stick" in proper order to form
words, and the improvements consist in a novel combination, arrangement,.
and construction of mechanism to effect the said purpose. The type is con--
tained in a series of either moveable or fixed recesses or cases placed side by
side, the types lying lengthwise in a direction across the said recesses or cases,.
and these cases may be arranged in "tiers" or rows one above the other,
each of such recesses is supplied with a sliding platform, upon which the type-
is placed. These platforms are supported underneath by springs, which
gradually raise or bring each separate layer of type (as the preceding layer
is disposed of) into a line or level with the type propeller herein-after
described. In each of these cases a T-headed propeller slides and is advanced
to deliver the type by means of a pawl or catch taking into small teeth on
the surface of the propeller, the pawl or catch being actuated through the
medium of a spring and levers by means of the hand operating on "keys,"
thus as each "key" is pressed one type is propelled from the corresponding

page_text: case (each tooth being equal to one type) and falls on to an endless band
chain, series of carrying wheels, or other travelling equivalent, and is thereby
carried and delivered on to a table sliding between two vertical bars, forming
a vertical channel to receive the type, and contained within a box or recess
attached to the frame; this table carrying the type is supported upon a spring,
which as the type accumulates, becomes depressed, until the table has
descended to its lowest point, at which time (a line being complete) the
uprights containing the line of type are withdrawn from the recess. and
another type receiver is inserted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING PAPER IN SHEETS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Sheldon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd January
1865.
I, ALFRED SHELDON, of Wookey Hole, Wells, in the County of Somerset,
Millwright and Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING PAPER IN SHEETS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object "Improvements in Apparatus for Drying
Paper in Sheets.” For these purposes endless bands, straps, or chains are
employed, carrying numerous framed trays in which the sheets of paper to be
dried are placed, and held by framed lids or covers securely whilst the endless
bands, straps, or chains are caused to move in a suitably heated or ventilated
chamber. It is preferred that the endless bands, straps, or chains should be
arranged in a vertical position, but this is not essential. It is also preferred
that the trays should be parallel to each other and at right angles to the
endless bands, straps, or chains. The endless bands, straps, or chains are
carried by axes or shafts having pulleys, drums, or cylinders to receive the
endless bands, straps, or chains. The trays are framed together lightly, and as
open as conveniently can be, and such is the case in respect to the lids or
covers, and they are covered by cotton or other cloth, between which the
sheets of paper are placed and held as the trays move to and from the axes or
shafts situated at the top and bottom or the two ends of the apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING THE HERBS AND STRAW USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STRAW HATS, AND ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS OR OTHER FANCY ARTICLES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emile Carchon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th February
1865.
I, EMILE CARCHON, of No. 82, Boulevart de Sebastopol, in the City of
Paris, in the Empire of France, Dealer in Feathers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING THE HERBS AND
STRAW USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STRAW HATS, AND ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS OR
OTHER FANCY ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the preparation of an improved green dye, which
may be used for dyeing herbs, straw, various parts of artificial flowers, and
other similar articles employed in millinery. By my improved process I can
produce a much richer and brighter green die than that at present employed
for similar purposes. The following is my mode of proceeding :-The first
operation being to cleanse the berbs or straw of any extraneous matter I
cause them to be placed in boiling water, where after remaining a short time
they are withdrawn and well rinsed in cold water, they are then subjected to
a bleaching process by placing them in a bath containing a mixture of 300
grains of chloride of calcium and from 110 to 140 grains of sulphuric acid,
which is diluted with 40 pints of water; this being effected they are again
rinsed in cold water, and afterwards placed in a bath containing one
of the following mordants, namely, sumac, litmus, alum, tartaric acid,

page_text: tartrate of potassa, or any chemical possessing the same properties. Finally,
they are placed in a bath containing the dye, which is made in the following
manner: I take a quantity of the liquid from the last named bath, varying
in proportion to that of the substance to be dyed; to this I add a small
quantity of either pieric acid, curcuma, or any other matter having a deep
yellow color, and green aniline, in which liquid the articles to be dyed are
placed and allowed to remain a sufficient length of time to produce the shado
of green required,
A NEW KIND OF PEARLED OR ORNAMENTED CONFECTIONERY
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Schooling at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th July
1865.
I, HENRY SCHOOLING, of 5, 6, and 7, North Side, Bethnal Green, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW KIND OF PEARLED OR ORNAMENTED CONFECTIONERY," to be as follows,
viz.:―
The manufacture of lozenges and other confectionery and coating the same
has long been known in the confectionery trade, but I propose to make a new
article by coating gum, sugar, fruit, almonds, or any other material or com-
bination of the same, or any substitute for gum and saccharine matter by the
process known as "pearling," then colouring, embellishing, or ornamenting
the same by the process known as "splashing," or by any other convenient
process.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise details given, provided the peculiar character of
my Invention be retained; but what I claim is, the combination of the
processes before mentioned, thereby producing a new article.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF THE WASTE LIQUORS OBTAINED AFTER TREATING BURNT ORES OF COPPER, SUCH IMPROVE- MENTS HAVING FOR THEIR OBJECT THE PRODUCTION OR EXTRACTION OF COBALT AND NICKEL
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wright at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th May
1865.
I, WILLIAM WRIGHT, of Mostyn, in the County of Flint, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF THE
WASTE LIQUORS OBTAINED AFTER TREATING BURNT ORES OF COPPER, SUCH IMPROVE-
MENTS HAVING FOR THEIR OBJECT THE PRODUCTION OR EXTRACTION OF COBALT AND
NICKEL," to be as follows:-
In working burnt copper ores by the wet method there remains a large
quantity of liquor from which the copper has been precipitated, and which has
been found to contain, amongst other things, cobalt and nickel; this liquor
I cause to be mixed with lime or milk of lime, alkali waste or its liquor, or
any substances capable of precipitating the cobalt, nickel, and other metals in
solution, or some of them; this precipitate is dried, mixed with from 30 to 40
parts of sand, 15 to 20 of alkali waste, 15 to 10 of slack, and, if practicable,
substances containing arsenic; the whole is then introduced into a reverbera-
tory furnace, and when properly melted, is skimmed and another charge added
until there shall be sufficient quantity on the hearth; it will then be found
that the cobalt and nickel have formed a speiss which can be tapped off, and
may be refined in the usual way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE. COUPLINGS OR FASTENINGS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES OR TRUCKS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Douglas Morgan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents,. with his Petition, on the 11th
August 1865.
I, RICHARD DOUGLAS: MORGAN, of Hay, in the County of Brecon, Engineer,.
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE.
COUPLINGS OR FASTENINGS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES OR TRUCKS," to be as follows:-
First, instead of the draw-bar hooks to which the coupling: chains are now
attached, each end of the draw bars passing under the carriages are to be
formed into loops, or loops are to be substituted for them, so as to constitute
additional buffers if required.. These loops are not to project so far as the
outside buffers, and the loops of 2. carriages meet opposite each other within.
a certain distance..
Secondly, a projection is to be welded on to the draw bars, or draw bars are
to be substituted with such projections, containing bores or holes through
each, to allow a pin or pins to pass through for supporting a lever catch or
clamp.
Thirdly, the lever catches or clamps are to be fastened to rods passing
through the holes in the projections.. The rods are to be placed at right
angles to the draw bars of each carriage and truck, and. a handle is to be
fixed to the extremity of each rod at a certain angle with the lever catch or

page_text: clamp, so that those who work the handle will have a full view of the coupling
motion above referred to, and the upper part of each handle is to be supplied
with a proper fender protection and stop.
Fourth, the end of the lever catch or clamp is to pass into the loop of the
opposite carriage or truck at a sufficient depth to firmly secure each, thus
connecting the carriages or trucks in such a way that in case of either leaving
the line they would by the consequent jerk become disconnected, and the
lever may be worked from the platform or sides of the carriage or truck
according to the sketch left herewith.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING SHAFTS AND OTHER RUNNING SURFACES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Mycock at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th September
1865.
I, WILLIAM MYCOCK, of Compstall, near Stockport, in the County of
Lancaster, Millwright, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING SHAFTS AND OTHER RUNNING
SURFACES," to be as follows:-
I employ an inverted vessel provided with a tube at bottom through which the
oil may run, the arrangement so far being already in common use. I propose,
however, to use an intermediate apparatus between the aforesaid tube and shaft,
or other such surface, for the purpose of conveying the lubricating material
thereto. With this view I cause the tube of the inverted vessel to rest
upon a cup-formed step, provided with a spindle, which projects through a
casing by which the said cup and vessel are supported; this spindle by
passing into the bearing conducts the oil downward from the cup and delivers
it as required. The tube of the inverted vessel has a side aperture situate
within the cup, and to the whole apparatus I adapt a cover to keep the
temperature equal.
AN IMPROVED PENHOLDER
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Reuben Cornelius Lilly at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd November 1865.
I, REUBEN CORNELIUS LILLY, of Birmingham, in the County of War-
wick, Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED PENHOLDER," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to construct such a penholder as may
also contain the necessary supply of ink for the pen. The barrel of the
case is a tube of metal as usual; this serves to hold the supply of ink,
which is poured in at the top of the tube by any convenient means, the
top being afterwards secured by a head screwed on the barrel in the
ordinary manner. Inside the barrel is a spiral or other spring, one end of
which comes against the closed top of the barrel, the other or free end
pressing against a valve, which is placed in the lower part of the barrel,
the said valve remaining closed so long as the spring is allowed to press
against it. When a supply of ink is desired a pin, which works in a slot
or groove in the barrel, is forced upwards, and this pin being attached to
an inner tube (which holds the pen), the said inner tube having affixed to
the upper end thereof a piece of straight wire, the said piece of wire is
caused to come against the valve, which being opened a supply of ink

page_text: immediately runs down into the pen. When the ink in the pen is used
a further supply is obtained by repeating the same operation, and so on
until the whole quantity of ink contained in the barrel of the pen is
exhausted.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Aaron Barker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd February 1865.
I, AARON BARKER, of Millgate, near Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster,
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a novel and peculiar arrangement of mechanism,
whereby the cloth or fabric is more regularly and evenly taken up throughout
the entire length of the piece as it is woven than hitherto, by the employ-
ment of which the ordinary sand and cloth roller is dispensed with, one roller
only being used instead, upon which the cloth accumulates during weaving.
The Invention consists in the employment and use of a bowl pressing upon
the fabric wound on the said one roller, which bowl is secured to one end of
a lever the fulcrum of which is fixed to the cross bar of the loom; to the
opposite end of this lever a bell-crank lever is attached; which actuates a
sliding pawl. As the bowl in the aforesaid lever is depressed by the increasing
diameter of the cloth roller, the bar or rod forming the support and
fulcrum of such sliding pawl is attached to the "slay," thus causing such pawl
as the "slay" vibrates to act upon a fluted cone drum placed and secured
outside the framing, and in connection with the gearing actuating the cloth
roller. The action of the several parts of mechanism employed may be thus
described: When the piece first commences to wind on the cloth roller, the
bowl is at the point nearest the centre of such roller, at which time the

page_text: sliding pawl is caused to act upon the smallest diameter of the fluted cone
drum, consequently giving the maximum or greatest revolution to the cloth
roller; but as the cloth accumulates and the roller gets greater in diameter,
the pawl is caused gradually to slide towards the base or greater diameter
of the fluted cone drum, giving thereby a diminishing speed to the cloth
roller until the piece is finally completed, at which time the pawl is acting
upon the greatest diameter of the cone and giving the minimum amount of
speed to the cloth roller. By this means the sand roller and the usual spiral
ratchet wheel is dispensed with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BROOMS OR BRUSHES FOR SWEEPING AND DUSTING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Smith and Charles Ritchie
at the Office of the. Commissioners of. Patents,.with. their Petition,.on.
the 19th September 1865.
We, GEORGE SMITH and CHARLES RITCHIE, both of No. 134, Upper Thames
Street, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BROOMS OR BRUSHES FOR SWEEPING AND DUSTING,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in brooms or brushes for
sweeping and dusting. For this purpose we employ a cylindrical brush
mounted at the end of a stick or handle, either on axes or otherwise, in such
manner that it can revolve freely transversely of the length of the stick or
handle. On the same axis with the brush, or it may be upon the brush
itself, there is a pulley around which an endless band passes, and this band
also encircles another pulley mounted on an axis near the other end of the
stick or handle, and this axis is so carried and arranged that it can be turned
freely by the person using the brush or broom, and for this purpose it is
convenient that it should have a cranked handle upon it. In connection
with the cylindrical brush a receiver to collect and retain the dust or dirt
may be mounted at the end of the stick or handle. In place of actuating
the cylindrical brush by an endless band as above stated it may have a spring
in connection with its axis, and this spring when the broom or brush is re-
quired for use is wound up, and when the cylindrical brush has been applied to
the surface it is desired to clean by moving a trigger or catch the spring is

page_text: set free and the cylindrical brush commences to revolve. Apparatus may
be applied in such manner that the operator may wind up the spring, con-
tinuously from the lower end of the stick or handle. In some cases, especially
when the cylindrical brush is of large size, we employ in connection with it
two sticks or handles with two driving bands; in this case there may be a
pulley at each end of the cylindrical brush, and for driving them a handle
and pulley is mounted at the lower end of each of the sticks or handles. As
in this case both of the operators hands are required for driving the apparatus,
the sticks or handles are supported in a pouch or pouches, strapt to the body
of the person using the instrument. When a single stick or handle is used
it may support the cylindrical brush either at one end or in the middle. In
some cases in place of passing the driving band or driving bands directly
from the pulley or pulleys on the cylindrical brush to the pulley or pulleys at
the lower end of the handle or handles, a combination of pulleys may be
introduced for the purpose of obtaining an increase of power, or in place of
pulleys spur gear may be employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAWS FOR SAWING AND CUTTING MARBLE AND OTHER ANALOGOUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Henry Woodward at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
August 1865.
I, EDWARD HENRY WOODWARD, of the City, County, and State of New York,
in the United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SAWS FOR SAWING AND CUTTING MARBLE
AND OTHER ANALOGOUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
Heretofore marble has been generally cut into slabs and blocks by means of
iron blades secured in a reciprocating frame worked by hand or other power,
sand and water being applied to aid and facilitate the operation. This process
is very slow and expensive, and the object of my Invention is to increase the
rate and lessen the cost of production. For this purpose a metal blade of
suitable thickness and form for the use intended is employed. For a recipro-
cating saw the said blade is made somewhat of the form of an ordinary stone
saw. For a rotary saw a circular disc is formed from a metal plate. On one
edge of the straight blade and on the periphery of the disc a series of diamonds
is set in any of the well-known ways, which will hold them conveniently and
securely when at work. These diamonds are set so as to project beyond the
edge of the blade or disc sufficiently to properly cut the marble or other stone
when brought in contact therewith. The surface being cut should be kept
moist by water or other suitable liquid, as in sand cutting.
The diamonds set as above described will cut the marble and other analagous
substances as the teeth of an ordinary saw cut wood, and with a rapidity and
cheapness heretofore unknown.