IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BACON
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Abraham Denny and Edward Maynard Denny, both
of Waterford, Ireland, Merchants, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF BACON."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Abraham Denny and
Edward Maynard Denny at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 4th August 1862.
We; ABRAHAM DENNY and EDWARD MAYNARD DENNY,. both of Waterford,
Ireland, Merchants, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention. for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BACON," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to the mode of keeping the pickling. liquor used for
curing bacon at an even temperature without emptying the vessel in which it
is contained, and thus avoiding exposure of the meat to atmospheric in-
fluences, also the meat is more evenly cured than by the process now adopted
by which it is subjected to many variations of temperature.
Our Invention consists in drawing off the liquor at or near the bottom of
the vessel containing the meat, and passing it through layers of ice, or ice and.
salt, or if preferred through a coil of pipes placed in a refrigerator, or in ice.
The liquor being thus reduced in temperature, it is run on at the top of the
vessel, thus keeping up a circulating current of cool pickle through the

page_text: pickling vessel. This current is continued until the proper temperaturo is
obtained. The taking off and running on of the liquor may be done by
pumps, or other suitable contrivancé.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Abraham Denny and Edward Maynard Denny, in the Great
Seal Patent Oflice on the 4th February 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ABRAHAM
DENNY and EDWARD MAYNARD DENNY, both of Waterford, Ireland, Mer-
chants, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign; did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Abraham Denny and Edward Maynard Denny, Her special licence
that we, the said Abraham Denny and Edward Maynard Denny, our exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Abraham
Denny and Edward Maynard Denny, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BACON," upon the condition
(amongst others), that we, the said Abraham Denny and Edward Maynard
Denny, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Juvention; and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Abraham Denny and Edward May-
nard Denny, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our Invention relates to the mode of keeping the pickling liquor used for
curing bacon at an even temperature without emptying the vessel in which it
is contained, and thus avoiding exposure of the meat or dead carcasses of the

page_text: pigs to atmospheric influences, also the bacon is more evenly cured than by
the process now adopted, by which it is subjected to many variations of
temperature.
:
Our Invention consists in drawing off the liquor at or near the bottom of
the vessel containing the meat, and passing it through layers of ice, or ice
and salt, or, if preferred, through a coil of pipes placed in a refrigerator, or in
ice. The liquor being thus reduced in temperature, it is run on at the top of
the vessel, thus keeping up a circulating current of cool pickle through the
pickling vessel. This current is continued until the proper temperature is
obtained. The taking off and running on of the liquor may be done by
pumps, or other suitable contrivance.
And that the Invention may be fully understood, we will proceed to describe
the Drawing hereunto annexed, and forming part of this Specification.
The Drawing represents a sectional elevation of an apparatus, for manu-
facturing the dead carcasses of pigs into bacon. The dead carcasses, previously
prepared by singeing or scalding in the usual manner, are placed in the tank
indicated by the letter A, into which we afterwards run in the pickling liquor
adjusted to a suitable temperature as known in the trade. As soon as the
pickle rises above the proper degree of temperature, we commence to draw off
the pickling liquor by means of an ordinary pump D up the suction pipe C,
which has a strainer B at the lower extremity. The pump D forces the
liquor so drawn off through the pipe E into the vessel F, which is filled or
partially filled with ice, the ice rests upon a perforated tray G, through which
the liquor percolates into the lower chamber M, considerably reduced in
temperature by passing through the ico vessel; the liquor is theuce carried off
through the pipe H, and falls into the salt trough J, in which the pickle is
strengthened. After passing through the apparatus just described, the pickling
liquor is restored to its original condition in strength and temperature, and is
returned into the pickling trough through the pipe K. The circulation of the
pickling liquor, obtained and accomplished in the manner herein-before de-
scribed, is continued so long as may be found necessary to keep it to the
desirable temperature, and abstract the whole of the animal heat from
the dead carcasses within the tank A.
We do not confine or restrict ourselves precisely to the kind of apparatus
herein-before described, as the same may be variously modified without
departing from the principle of our Invention; for instance, a coil of
tubing or worm surrounded by ice may be used for cooling the liquor, and
various kinds of pumps and arrangements of apparatus used; what wo claim
is the maintaining of a continued circulation of cool pickling liquor within a

page_text: tank containing the dead carcasses of pigs to be manufactured into bacon, by
taking off the pickling liquor at the bottom, and re-supplying it cooled and
strengthened at the top of the tank, or vice versa, the dead carcasses being
kept always immersed in or covered over with pickling liquor to avoid
exposure to the deleterious effects of the action of the atmosphere, substantially
in the manner herein-before described and shewn.
In witness whereof, we, the said Abraham Denny and Edward May-
nard Denny, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-sixth
day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-three.
Witness,
W. L. THOMPSON:.
(L.s.) ABRAHAM DENNY.
(L.S.) EDWARD MAYNARD DENNY.