IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAWING OR EXHAUSTING AND FORCING FLUIDS, PROALARA
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Enoch Harrison Aydon, of Wandsworth, in the County
of Surrey, Civil Engineer, and Edward Field, of Chandos Chambers,
Adelphi, in the City of Westminster, Consulting Engineer, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAWING OR EXHAUSTING AND FORCING FLUIDS,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Enoch Harrison Aydon and
Edward Field at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 6th July 1866.
We, ENOCH HARRISON AYDON, of Wandsworth, in the County of Surrey,
Civil Engineer, and EDWARD FIELD, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in the
City of Westminster, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAWING OR EXHAUSTING AND FORCING
PLU:DS, AND IN INSTRUMENTS OR APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO SUCH PURPOSES," to be
as follows:-
'This Invention has for its object improvements in drawing or exhausting and
forcing fluids, and in instruments or apparatus applicable to such purposes,

page_text: and consists, firstly, in causing the forward motion of a ship or vessel through
the water to induce a current or currents, whereby bilge or other water may be
drawn from the interior of such ship or vessel and ejected. For this purpose
we make use of an instrument either situated at or capable of being depressed
or moved to the outside of the skin of the ship or vessel beneath the water line,
and communicating by means of a suitable pipe or passage passing water-tight
through the skin of the ship or vessel or otherwise by means of a bent or
syphon formed tube or other equivalent means, with any bilge or other water
contained in and requiring to be removed from such ship or vessel. The
instrument employed at the exterior of the skin of the ship or vessel may
consist either of one or more tubes situated with its or their axis or axes in a
line parallel or nearly parallel with the line of the ship's or vessel's forward
motion. If single tubes are employed their forward ends are closed or
protected in such manner as to shield or protect the interiors of such forward
ends from being acted upon by the force or pressure consequent upon the
passage of the vessel through the water, their after or rearward ends being left
open and unprotected so that when (by the passage of the instruments through
the water), a partial vacuum is formed behind them and within the tubes or
passages connecting them with the bilge or other water requiring to be
removed, such water may be drawn from the interior of the vessel and ejected
at the open ends of the tubes. When double or compound tubes are employed
we construct the exterior tube open at both ends, and with the interior of its
forward end containing the second or guide tube, whereby the area of the
core of water contained in the larger tube (in the passage of the ship or
vessel through the water) becomes diminished in size and leaves an annular
or other space between itself and the internal surface of the external tube,
thus creating a partial vacuum in such space, and drawing out and ejecting
the bilge or other water as explained with reference to the previous arrange-
ment. In both cases a back pressure valve or cock is provided for the
purpose of preventing any flow of water inward from the exterior of the vessel
when the forward motion of the vessel ceases.
Secondly. In drawing and ejecting bilge or other water from ships or vessels
by means of a current or currents of steam (either dry or saturated), acting so
as to create a partial vacuum, and induce a current or currents in a pipe or
passage, or pipes or passages communicating with such bilge or other water.
Thirdly. In making use of the mixed water and steam required to be blown
off from the boilers of steam vessels for the purpose of causing or inducing
currents, whereby bilge and other water may be drawn and ejected from such
shins or vessels.

page_text: Fourthly. In the employment of steam induced currents instead of air pumps
as previously used, for the purpose of drawing from or exhausting vacuum
pans, and the condensers of steam engines of their contents.
Fifthly. In the ventilation of ships or vessels by the use of steam induced
currents communicating with suitable pipes or passages, whereby fresh air
is drawn into and foul or deteriorated air expelled from the same.
Sixthly. In the ventilation of railway and other tunnels and of sewers,
by means of steam induced currents as described, such currents when employed
for the ventilation of railway tunnels being by preference applied both at the
upper and lower parts thereof, so that the lighter gases may be carried off
by the upper ventilating currents into pipes or channels connected with a
ventilating shaft or shafts, and the heavier gases may in like manner be
carried off from the lower portion of the tunnel by similar pipes or channels
communicating in like manner with the same or other shaft or shafts. Where
employed for the ventilation of sewers it is preferred that the steam made
use of be superheated, and thereby be caused to more or less disinfect the
noxious gases in course of being driven off, while at the same time drawing,
causing, or inducing currents of fresh air to take their place.
Seventhly. In forcing the exhaust steam of steam engines and other waste
steam, by means of steam induced currents through superheaters, for the
purpose of thereby generating steam in other vessels.
Eighthly. In the use of steam induced currents for the purpose of drawing
or inducing a regular flow of water amidst or among, and past the outer
surfaces of the pipes or passages of surface condensers.
Ninthly. In the use of like steam induced currents for the purposes of
drawing and forcing water in what are known as steam fire-engines for the
extinction of fires, without the employment of pumps for such purpose. In
this case the instrument for regulating and guiding the jet of steam is
situated near to the inlet orifice of the suction pipe connected with the water
supply, so that by the action of the current or currents of steam, such pipe
may be partially exhausted and the water thus drawn up into the pipes, and
thence forced by the action of the steam into an air vessel or receiver from
whence it is led by a suitable passage to the delivery pipe and opening. In
order to provide for cases in which the suction may in the first instance fail
to act, we provide a cistern situated above the level of the steam injecting
instrument and capable when required of allowing water contained in it to
descend so as to be acted upon by the steam and by the solidity of the column
or current thus induced and thrown into the receiver or air vessel to produce a
more perfect vacuum in the suction pipe, and thereby to facilitate the drawing

page_text: of the water from the source of supply. A cock, tap, or valve is provided at
the upper part of the air vessel or receiver, for the purpose of enabling such
steam as may enter such air vessel or receiver to be withdrawn or allowed to
escape as required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
hy the said Enoch Harrison Aydon and Edward Field in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 5th January 1867.
•
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ENOCH
HARRISON AYDON, of Wandsworth, in the County of Surrey, Civil Engineer,
and EDWARD FIELD, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in the City of Westminster,
Consulting Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, hearing date the Sixth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Enoch Harrison Aydon and Edward Field, Her special licence that
we, the said Enoch Harrison Aydon and Edward Field, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Enoch Harrison
Aydon and Edward Field, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAWING OR EXHAUSTING AND FORCING FLUIDS, AND IN INSTRU-
MENTS OR APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO SUCH PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said Enoch Harrison Aydon and Edward Field, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Enoch Harrison Aydon and Edward
Field, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in drawing or exhausting,:

page_text: and forcing fluids, and in instruments or apparatus applicable to such purposes,
and consists, firstly, in causing the forward motion of a ship or vessel through the
water to induce a current, whereby bilge or other water may be drawn from the
interior of such ship or vessel and ejected. For this purpose we make use of an
instrument either situated at or capable of being depressed or moved to the
outside of the skin of the ship or vessel beneath the water line, and communi-
cating by means of a suitable pipe or passage passing water-tight through
the skin of the ship or vessel, or otherwise by means of a bent or syphon
formed tube, or other equivalent means, with any bilge or other water
contained in and requiring to be removed from such ship or vessel. The
instrument employed at the exterior of the skin of the ship or vessel may
consist either of one or more tubes situated with its or their axis or axes in
a line parallel or nearly parallel with the line of the ship or vessel's forward.
motion. If single tubes are employed their forward ends are closed or
protected in such manner as to shield or protect the interiors of such forward
ends from being acted upon by the force or pressure consequent upon the
passage of the vessel through the water, their after or rearward ends being
left open and unprotected, so that when (by the passage of the instruments
through the water) a partial vacuum is formed behind them, and within the
tubes or passages connecting them with the bilge or other water requiring
to be removed, such water may be drawn from the interior of the vessel
and ejected at the open end of the tubes. When double or compound tubes
are employed we construct the exterior tube open at both ends, and with the
interior of its forward end containing the second or guide tube, whereby the
area of the core of water contained in the larger tube (in the passage of the
ship or vessel through the water) becomes diminished in size and leaves an
annular or other space between itself and the internal surface of the external
tube, thus creating a partial vacuum in such space, and drawing out and
ejecting the bilge or other water as explained with reference to the previous
arrangement. In both cases a back pressure valve or cock is provided for
the purpose of preventing any flow of water inward from the exterior of the
vessel when the forward motion of the vessel ceases.
Secondly. In drawing or ejecting bilge or other water from ships or vessels
by means of a current or currents of steam (either dry or saturated), acting
so as to create a partial vacuum, and induce a current or currents in
a pipe or passage, or pipes or passages, communicating with such bilge or
other water.
Thirdly. In making use of the mixed water and steam required to be blown
off from the boilers of steam vessels for the purpose of causing or inducing

page_text: currents, whereby bilge and other water may be drawn and ejected from such
ships or vessels.
Fourthly. In the employment of steam induced currents instead of air pumps
as previously used for the purpose of drawing from or exhausting vacuum
pans and the condensors of steam engines of their contents.
Fifthly. In the ventilation of ships or vessels by the use of steam induced
currents communicating with suitable pipes or passages, whereby fresh air is
drawn into and foul or deteriorated air expelled from the same.
Sixthly. In the ventilation of railway and other tunnels, and of sewers by
means of steam induced currents as described, such currents when employed
for the ventilation of railway tunnels being by preference applied both at the
upper and lower parts thereof, so that the lighter gases may be carried off by
the upper ventilating currents into pipes or channels connected with a venti-
lating shaft or shafts, and the heavier gases may in like manner be carried off
from the lower portion of the tunnel by similar pipes or channels communi-
cating in like manner with the same or other shaft or shafts. Where employed
for the ventilation of sewers it is preferred that the steam made use of be
superheated, and thereby be caused to more or less disinfect the noxious gases
în course of being driven off, while at the same time drawing, causing, or
inducing currents of fresh air to take their place.
Seventhly. In forcing the exhaust steam of steam engines and other waste
steam by means of steam induced currents through superheaters for the purpose
of thereby generating steam in other vessels.
Eighthly. In the use of steam induced currents for the purpose of drawing
or inducing a regular flow of water amidst or amongst, and past the outer
surfaces of the pipes or passages of surface condensers.
Ninthly. In the use of like steam induced currents for the purposes of
drawing and forcing water in what are known as steam fire engines for the
extinction of fires without the employment of pumps for such purpose. In
this case the instrument for regulating and guiding the jet of steam is situated
near to the inlet orifice of the suction pipe connected with the water supply,
so that by the action of the current or currents of steam such pipe may be
partially exhausted, and the water thus drawn up into the pipes, and thence
forced by the action of the steam into an air vessel or receiver, from whence it
is led by a suitable passage to a delivery pipe and opening. In order to
provide for cases in which the suction may in the first instance fail to act, we
provide a cistern situated above the level of the steam injecting instrument
and capable when required of allowing water contained in it to descend so
as to be acted upon by the steam and by the solidity of the column or current

page_text: thus induced and thrown into the receiver or air vessel to produce a more
perfect vacuum in the suction pipe, and thereby to facilitate the drawing of the
water from the source of supply. A cock, tap, or valve is provided at the
upper part of the air vessel or receiver for the purpose of enabling such steam
as may enter such air vessel or receiver to be withdrawn or allowed to escape
as required.
The manner in which our said Invention may be conveniently carried into
effect is most fully and completely shown in and explained with reference to
the accompanying Sheets of Drawings. Fig. 1 (Sheet 1) of which is a
transverse section of part of a ship or vessel having several arrangements for
removing the bilge water according to our Invention applied thereto; various
details of such arrangements being shown to an enlarged scale in Figs. 2 to 12
inclusive.
a represents the outer skin of the ship or vessel, and 6 an apparatus formed
with a tube d having a closed end, and capable of being moved below or to
the exterior of the surface of such skin, as shewn, or of being raised or with-
drawn into a recess by means of the rod c, so as to be protected from the
exhausting action produced by the forward motion of the vessel, as will be
inore perfectly understood on reference to the enlarged views of the apparatus
given at Figs. 2 and 3, which are respectively a section through the central
line of the apparatus, and a view (the upper part of which is in elevation and
the lower part in section) taken at right angles to the foregoing. The tube
within which a partial vacuum is to be formed by means of the forward
motion of the vessel when it is required to withdraw the bilge or other water
therefrom is in this case shown raised or withdrawn within the line of the
skiu a, so as to be protected from any exhausting action induced by the forward
motion of the vessel through the water. The apparatus consists of a hollow
cone or conical tube d, the closed end d' of which points in the direction of
the vessel's forward movement, and the larger or rearward end of which is
open. The conical tube d is formed with or attached to a tube e, which opens
into the tube d, and is capable of sliding through a gland or stuffing box f
formed at the lower end of the cylindrical chamber g, which rests upon and is
supported by the casing which covers the opening formed in the skin of the
vessel, through which the hollow cone or conical tube d is required to be
passed, and prevents the influx of water through the same into the vessel.
The chamber g communicates by a pipe g' with the bilge or other water to be
removed from the vessel. The rod c, whereby the tubes d and e are raised
and depressed or moved below or to the exterior of the line of the skin of the
vessel, passes through a gland or stuffing box g² for the purpose of preventing

page_text: the escape of water from the chamber g otherwise than downward through
the tube e, as indicated by the arrows, a cover or bonnet f¹ being provided for
the purpose of enabling the gland or stuffing box f to be packed as required.
When in action for withdrawing and ejecting the bilge or other water the
tube d is depressed or moved into the position shewn in dotted lines at Fig. 2,
and in end elevation at Fig. 1, the tube e sliding through the water-tight
stuffing box and maintaining a communication between the tube d and
chamber g, so that when by the forward motion of the vessel a partial vacuum
is formed at the open end of the conical tube d, the tube e, and chamber g,
are likewise partially exhausted, and the bilge or other water is consequently
drawn along the pipe g¹ and ejected at the open end of the conical tube d, as
previously described, any backward flow of water into the interior of the
vessel, such as might occur during its stoppage, or in consequence of injury
to the tube d being prevented by means of a back pressure valve situated at g³
(Fig. 1) between the ejecting apparatus and the inner end of the pipe g².
Fig. 4 represents a modified form of the hollow cone or conical tube d
(having its forward end closed) and communicating by a tube e with the bilge
or other water to be removed. This form of the ejecting tube, as well as
other forms thereof, may either be constructed to remain permanently at the
exterior of the skin of the vessel, or to be moved or withdrawn therefrom into
a recess, as described with reference to Figs. 2 and 3.
Fig. 5 represents a section of an arrangement, in which a double or com-
pound tube is employed (instead of the tube d having its forward end closed,
as previously described). In this case an exterior tube d open at its forward
as well as its backward end is employed, and contains within it a second or
guide tube d³ uniting with the exterior tube d at its forward end d², and
tapering gradually rearward to a smaller size, as shewn. By this arrange-
ment the core of water contained between the rearward or smaller end of the
inner tube and the external tube d, in the passage of the vessel through the
water, creates or induces a partial vacuum in the space between the core of
water and the outer tube d, thus partially exhausting the tube e communi-
cating with the bilge or other water, which is thus withdrawn from the vessel
and ejected at the rearward end of the tube d, as in the arrangements pro-
viously described. The length of the inner tube or hollow frustum d² may be
varied as found most desirable, as indicated, by the full and dotted lines of the
Figures.
Fig. 6 represents an arrangement of double or compound tube, similar in
most respects to the foregoing, but having the tube e (communicating with
the bilge or other water) carried downward through the tube d, so as to

page_text: terminate at or about the central line of the tubes, its action being in other
respects similar to the foregoing.
Figs. 7 and 8 represent sections of compound tubes, precisely similar in
their action to those described with reference to Figs. 5 and 6, but differing
in the forms of the outer tubes d, which in these cases are made smaller in
diameter at their forward than at their rearward ends.
Figs. 9 and 10 are respectively a longitudinal section, partly in clevation,
and a transverse section, also partly in elevation, showing a hollow conical
cjector a similar to that already described with reference to Figs. 2 and 3, but
differing therefrom in being permanently fixed at the exterior of the skin of
the vessel, and protected from injury by a guard plate i open at both ends,
but enveloping the sides and bottom of the ejector so as to protect it from
injury, as shewn.
Figs. 11 and 12 represent a form of ejector differing somewhat from those
previously described, but acting in a similar manner. In this case the tube e,
which is a fixture, is placed at an angle inclining in the direction of the vessel's
course, and protected (or not) at its lower end, or externally of the skin a by a
guard plate i, the forward end of which uniting with the skin of the vessel, as
shewn, answers the purpose of the tube d of Figs. 2, 3, and 4, by causing or
inducing a partial vacuum at its rearward end partially exhausting the tube c,
during the forward motion of the vessel, as described with reference to the
previous Figures. In this case a stop-valve is used at j, whereby, when
required, the communication between the interior of the vessel and the outlet
of the tube e may be cut off. This apparatus is also shown applied to the
vessel at , Fig. 1, the pipe g' communicating with the bilge or other water,
being provided at g with a back pressure valve, whereby the passage of any
water from the exterior of the vessel is prevented. The arrangements we
make use of for ejecting bilge or other water from the ship or vessel, by means
of steam or by means of the water blown off from the boilers of a stcam
vessel, are represented in Fig. 1, 1 shewing an ejector, made by preference
in the form represented to an enlarged scale at Fig. 13 and fully described
with reference thereto. When steam is employed this ejector communicates
by means of a pipe m with a boiler m², and by means of a pipe with the
bilge or other water, which is drawn up and ejected through the pipe. o,
and a suitable Kingston or other valve o' situated beyond it or otherwise
on to the deck through a pipe m². A pipe or pipes p connecting the
blow-off cock or blow-off cocks of the boiler or boilers with the ejector,
may be made use of for utilising the water blown off from the boiler or
boilers for the purpose of ejecting the bilge or other water. The form of

page_text: ejector we prefer to employ in connection with steam or blow-off water for
ejecting the bilge or other water is represented in section at Fig. 13, n being
a pipe or passage connected with the pipe leading to the water to be ejected,
and m a pipe whereby steam or blow-off water from the boilers may be con-
ducted into the ejector. The pipe in passes through a stuffing box, as shewn,
into the covered nozzle q, which terminates at the entrance of the narrow
passage n', so that the steam or blow-off water issuing from the nozzle q into
the passage causes or induces a current, whereby the bilge or other water
is drawn up through the pipe or passage n and ejected through the passage n',
at the end of which, and between it and the Kingston or other valve outlet,
a return stop-valve is placed for the purpose of preventing any possible back-
ward action through the passage m'. Although we have described the
foregoing form of ejector as being advisable for the purposes referred to, we
do not confine or limit ourselves to the use of that or any other particular
form of ejector, as any such instrument whereby the necessary currents may
be induced will be available for the purpose of our Invention,
Fig. 14 (Sheet 1) represents a surface condenser partly in section, in which
ejectors similar to that described with reference to Fig. 13, or such other
ejectors (acting on a similar principle) as may be found desirable for circu-
lating the condensing water through the condenser, and for removing the
water of condensation from the same are used. In this case the steam to be
condensed is admitted at r, and passes amongst the water tubes 8, through
which a continual flow of cold water admitted by the pipe is maintained by
means of the ejector which communicates with the chamber, into which the
upper ends of the tubes 8 open, the water of condensation being removed
from between the tubes by the ejector situated at the lower end of the
tube chamber.
Fig. 13 (Sheet 2) is a longitudinal section of a form of ejector differing
somewhat from that described with reference to Fig. 18 of Sheet 1. In this
case the steam made use of is introduced by a pipe m, the waste steam, water
or air to bo drawn off and ejected being drawn into the ejector by the pipe #,
and forced out through tho exit portion n¹ by the action of the steam issuing
from the space between the nozzle q and the interior of the pipe π'.
Fig. 15 (Sheet 2) represents a portion of an ordinary marine engine with
oscillating cylinder, the positions of the ordinary air pump and hot well being
shewn in dotted lines at and . In this case, however, the air pump is
dispensed with, and we substitute therefor an ejector situated at w, supplied
with steam by a pipe w¹ in the manner already described. This ejector is in
communication by a pipe wo with the condenser (which is supplied with

page_text: water in the ordinary or any other convenient manner), and at its contrary
end by a pipe w (fitted with a stop or back pressure valve at w') with the
hot well y. The action of the ejector draws the water of condensation from
the condenser by the pipe wo, and discharges it by the pipe 3 (which is
fitted with a return stop or back pressure valve at 10') into the hot well y instead
of an air pump being made use of for that purpose in the ordinary manner.
This mode of drawing water from the condenser, and ejecting or forcing it
into the hot well, can be made use of instead of the air pump in connection
with condensers of any form, and where necessary a second and smaller one
may be employed at a higher level for the purpose of removing the vapour
from the condenser and forcing it also into the hot well..
Fig. 16 represents a transverse section of a tunnel having our arrangements
for ventilating supplied thereto. Pipes leading from the upper part of the
tunnel communicate with other pipes leading into the ventilating chimney
or shaft.
This chimney or shaft is provided with one or more ejectors,
whereby a constant current is maintained, thereby withdrawing the foul air
and gases from the upper part of the tunnel, and ejecting them through the
shaft pipes leading from the lower part of the tunnel, and communicating
in like manner to the pipes with the pipes and chimney shaft, serve to
remove the heavier air and gases from the lower part of the tunnel, into
which a constant supply of fresh air is consequently drawn. A similar system
of steam induced currents may be made use of for the ventilation of sewers
and other similar passages, in which case it is preferred that the steam
employed be superheated for the purpose of more or less disinfecting the
noxious gases in course of being driven off. The pipes or passages whereby
the foul air and gases are conveyed to the shaft may be formed with rec-
tangular or other formed openings capable of being opened or closed at will,
as represented by Fig. 17, which is a transverse section of such a pipe con-
structed at its lower part with hinged doors, whereby the openings into the
pipe may be more or less closed as desired.
Fig. 18 is a transverse section of a vessel fitted with ventilating apparatus
by means of steam induced currents, according to our Invention. In this case
the pipes A provided with steam jets or ejectors, as already explained, and
communicating by preference with the funnel or funnels of the steam boiler
or boilers, are shown on the one side of the Figure as being placed beneath,
and at the other side as passing through spaces left in the knees of the deck
beams B, a continuous current being maintained through the pipes (by means
of the steam jets), whereby the deteriorated air is drawn from between the

page_text: decks and ejected into the funnel or funnels or elsewhere, as found most
desirable, in a manner similar to that described with reference to the tunnel,
Fig. 16.
Fig. 19 is a longitudinal vertical section partly in elevation of the appa-
ratus we employ for the purposes of drawing and forcing water for the
extinction of fires. The drawing and forcing instrument consists in this case of
a hollow cylinder C, terminating in a curved conical end or nozzle C¹ (sur-
rounded by a metallic casing to prevent too rapid condensation of steam) and
containing the pointed and adjustable guide regulating rod D, capable of being
moved more or less forward or backward by means of a screw formed upon it,
and passing through a suitable gland or nut, as shewn. The cylinder C fits in
bearings E, and is also capable of being moved endwise by means of a screw
formed upon it, and working within a suitable nut, as shewu. Between the
bearings E is formed a circular recess F, from which openings C are formed
into the interior hollow or recess of the cylinder C, into which steam supplied
from any suitable boiler (one of the arrangement known as the "Field"
system being preferred) by the pipe G is admitted from the chamber F
through the openings C. The nozzle or part C¹ of the cylinder C terminates
in a chamber H below a bend formed, as shewn, in the suction pipe I, from
which and opposite to the nozzle is a double coned pipe or passage K. through
or along which the steam induced current or currents of water from the
suction pipe I pass into the collecting chamber or air vessel L. The pipe or
passage K enters the chamber L tangentially by preference, so that the water
may be thrown round the sides of the chamber L, thus tending to cool such
water and give a more compact volume. In the lower part of the chamber L
are placed in this case a ring M, a perforated coue N, and a perforated
plate O, as shewn, but other arrangements and numbers of rings, cones, and
plates may be employed to suit the requirements of particular cases, the object
being to bring the water into a quiescent state at the bottom of the chamber
L, from whence it is discharged through the delivery pipe or passage P.
Above the chamber L is placed a cistern Q supplied with water, which may
be fed either through the pipe Q' or otherwise, as found most convenient, the
water level being regulated by a ball cock R, as shewn. S is a cock forming
a communication between the lower part of the cistern Q and the chamber II.
T is a check valve in the suction pipe I.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-Steam being turned on to the
pipe G passes into the cylinder C and through the nozzle C', such steam
impinging on the air contained in the chamber H in a manner well understood,

page_text: and producing a partial vacuum in the chamber H, and suction pipe I, and
drawing water through the latter, as will be well understood. Should the
suction lift be too great for starting, the cock S is opened and water allowed
to flow from the cistern Q into the chamber, such water being instantly thrown
into the chamber L. This operation greatly increases the drawing power of
the drawing and forcing apparatus, inasmuch as the water thus admitted being
put in motion, and having greater momentum than a like body of air, pro-
duces a stronger vacuum and will consequently enable the apparatus to
commence drawing from a greater depth than is otherwise the case. The
water drawn as described through the suction pipe I and chamber H, and
forced into the chamber L, passes into the latter in a dispersed state, totally
unsuited to a jet for extinguishing fire, but coming in contact with the sides
of the chamber L and falling sequently on the ring M, perforated cone N, and
plate O, the water subsides quietly at the bottom of the chamber L, passing
out thence through the delivery pipe P. The return of steam, should the flow
of water be suddenly checked, is prevented by the check valve T in the
suction pipe I. When necessary air may be admitted into the suction pipe
through the cock U.
Although the instrument for drawing and forcing or producing a current or
currents of fluid, shown in and described with reference to the steam fire
engine, or apparatus for extinguishing fires just described is a convenient
arrangement, we do not confine ourselves to the precise form or description
of drawing and forcing instrument in question, as other arrangements for the
purpose, such for instance, as that shown in and described with reference to
Fig 13, or any other suitable equivalent instrument acting by impingement
upon the fluid to be drawn and forced, or projected as described, may be
conveniently employed.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of our said Invention and
in what manner the same may be couveniently carried into effect, we would
have it understood that we do not confine or limit ourselves to the precise.
forms and details, shewn and described, as the same admit of being variously
modified without departing from the distinguishing features of our Invention,
with reference to which we claim,―
Firstly. Causing the forward motion of a ship or vessel through the
water to induce a current or currents, whereby bilge or other water may be
drawn from the interior of such ship or vessel and ejected, substantially as
described.
Secondly. Drawing and ejecting bilge or other water from ships or vessels,
by means of a current or currents of steam (either dry or saturated) acting,

page_text: so as to create a partial vacuum, and to induce a current or currents in a
pipe or passage or pipes or passages communicating with such bilge or other
water, substantially as described.
Thirdly. Making use of the mixed water and steam required to be blown
off from the boilers of steam vessels for the purpose of causing or inducing
currents, whereby bilge and other water may be drawn and ejected from such
ships or vessels, substantially as described.
Fourthly. The employment of steam induced currents instead of air pumps
for the purpose of drawing from or exhausting vacuum pans, and the con-
densers of steam engines of their contents, substantially as described.
Fifthly. The ventilation of ships or vessels by the use of steam induced
currents communicating with suitable pipes or passages, whereby fresh air
is drawn into and foul or deteriorated air expelled from the same, substantially
as described.
Sixthly. The ventilation of railway and other tunnels, and of sewers, by means
of steam induced currents, substantially as described.
Seventhly. Forcing the exhaust steam of steam engines and other waste
steam, by means of steam induced currents through superheaters, for the
purpose of thereby generating steam in other vessels.
Eightly. The use of steam induced currents for the purpose of drawing or
inducing a regular flow of water amidst or amongst and past the outer surfaces
of or through the pipes or passages of surface condensers, substantially as
described.
Ninthly. The use of steam induced currents, for the purposes of drawing
and forcing water in what are known as steam fire engines for the extinction
of fires, without the employment of pumps for such purposes, substantially as
described.
Tenthly. The use or employment of injectors or ejectors, working by means
of steam induced currents for drawing water and throwing it into an air
vessel, from whence it is led and discharged as required, substantially as
described.
Eleventhly. The use or employment in steam fire engines for drawing and
forcing liquids for extinguishing fires without pumps, as described of a cistern
or cisterns, tank or tanks, and pipe or pipes for causing water to descend in
front of the ejecting or injecting instrument in order to produce a more
perfect vacuum in the suction tube, substantially as described.
Twelfthly. The general arrangement and combination of parts constituting
a steam fire engine for drawing and forcing water, for the extinction of fires
and other similar purposes, substantially as described.

page_text: Lastly. The construction of instruments for inducing, drawing, and forcing
currents of air, water, or other fluids in such manner as that the steam
whereby such currents are induced passes around or outside of the pipe or
passage, or pipes or passages, through or along which the currents pass, thus
giving a straight or uninterrupted passage to the same, substantially as
described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Enoch Harrison Aydon and Edward
Field, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fifth day of
January, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-seven.
Witness,
W. LLOYD WISE,
Office for Patents,
Chandos Chambers, W. C.
E. HARRISON AYDON. (L.S.)
EDWARD FIELD.
(L.S.)