Improvements in or connected with Motor-driven Road Vehicles.
Year: 1896

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Motor-driven Road Vehicles.
I, CAMILLE ALPHONSE FAURE, of 37 Avenue de la Republique, Paris, in the
Republic of France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
This invention relates to road vehicles driven by motors contained within, or
carried by, the vehicle, and more especially such motors as are worked by petroleum,
or like liquid hydrocarbons, which I will refer to as "oil."
The object of the invention is to produce a complete and well designed, or arranged,
vehicle having great freedom from vibration, perfect suspension of the motor and
gearing, economy of fuel in working, simplicity of the mechanical parts and readiness
of manipulation generally. The body of the vehicle is freely suspended on springs,
which may be ordinary carriage springs, and is independent of the motor truck,
which is supported by front steering wheels and hind supporting wheels. The said
truck carries the motor, and all the necessary gear, as hereinafter described.
The carburetter for the vapourization of the oil consists of a vessel provided with
a container of oil supplied to the requisite level from any suitable storage. In this
vessel is contained wire gauze or equivalent material constituting a mixer.
Atmospheric air is drawn into this vessel by the suction of the motor, and flows
through or between layers of the said wire gauze, or the like, and therein becomes
charged with vapour from the oil which is heated in the aforesaid container and the
mixture of air and oil vapour flows thence to the inlet valves and to the motor
cylinders. The lamp by which heating is effected may be provided with a pin so
arranged that by moving it to and fro it will clear the passages through which the oil
or vapour is, or both are, supplied. It is preferred to use a two cylinder motor cach
cylinder being provided with an ignition tube led into one chamber heated by the
vapourizing lanip. The rods of the pistons of the two motor cylinders are connected
to cranks set opposite to each other on the crank shaft so as to distribute properly the
application of the power throughout each revolution and thus greatly diminish
vibration. The motion of the crank shaft is conveyed to a cam shaft parallel thereto
the said cam shaft carrying a pinion giving motion to the vehicle by means of a
chain passing over a sprocket wheel fixed on the, hinder axle of the vehicle.
The cam shaft carries the cams for operating the valves of the cylinders of the
motor and acts also as an intermediate shaft for reducing the speed of the motor
down to the speed required for the driving wheels. The inlet and exhaust valves
open directly into the explosion chamber or space of each cylinder the said explosion
chamber or space being so arranged as to offer the maximum area of cooling surface
so as thereby to increase the useful effect of the motor. Although the passage of the
vehicle through the air may be sufficient to maintain the necessary coolness, yet if
required (for instance in hot climates) a little water may be allowed to pass into or
circulate through the hollow space of each piston. To prevent excess of heat and
consequent, distortion of the parts possibly causing friction and leakage I arrange
packing rings at the mouth of the cylinders, instead of on the piston as ordinarily
employed and make the said rings so that they engage with each other and further

page_text: so that they are kept in place-and in position to prevent escape of the gases by a
stuffing box in which, and around the said rings, asbestos, or equivalent packing,
may be placed and secured by a gland.
The motor is suspended upon the under frame of the vehicle by means of a spring
or springs, and the motor is connected with the axle by arms and bearings so
that it can oscillato upon the said spring or springs and still maintain the distance
from the cam shaft to the axle as is required by the gearing.
The hinder axle may consist of an outer tube and an inner rod, forniing together
a composite axle the parts of which are connected by differential gearing consisting
of two bevel wheels and pinions actuating the driving wheels. This differential
gearing or any suitable part thereof is enclosed within a cavity central to a clutch
wheel which receives motion by means of a chain from the intermediate shaft and
pinion. The clutch wheel drives the aforesaid bevel pinions through a conical friction
piece loose on the shaft. but capable of being jammed against the clutch wheel so as
to cause the said pinions to partake of the motion of the chain. By means of grooved
pulleys, respectively on the said conical friction piece and on the intermediate shaft,
and crossed wire rope passed round each of these pulleys, the vehicle can be caused to
move backward. This movement is obtained by operating a lever so that a rod which
was pushed back when the said lever was put forward for forward motion, is now pulled,
and the clutch piece is disengaged from the clutch wheel and by continuing the pull,
the wire rope aforesaid is tightened and the backward motion is obtained by the
action of the crossed rope. The aforesaid clutch wheel also answers the purpose of
furnishing power for putting on the brake which may be operated by the aforesaid
operating lever so as to cause the rope passing round the clutch piece to be tightened
to cause the brake to act. The operating lever is provided with an attachment
controlling other lovers and connections whose function is to regulate the speed
of the vehicle by acting on the motor governor.
Dated this 23rd day of May 1806
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Motor-driven Road Vehicles.
I, CAMILLE ALPHONSE FAURE late of 37 Avenue de la Republique, now of
116 Boulevard Richard-Lenoir, both in Paris, in the Republic of France, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to road vehicles driven by motors contained within, or
carried by, the vehicle; and more especially such motors as are worked by petroleum,
or like liquid hydrocarbons, which I will refer to as "oil."
The object of the invention is to produce a complete and well designed, or arranged,
vehicle having great freedom from vibration, perfect suspension of the motor and
rearing, economy of fuel in working, simplicity of the mechanical parts and readiness
of masipulation generally.
In order that the nature of my invention and the manner in which it is to be
performed may be properly understood I will describe it with reference to tho
accompanying drawings in which:-
Figure 1 is a plan partly in horizontal section and Figure 2 is a longitudinal
vertical section of so much of a motor-driven road vehicle as is necessary to illustrate
the construction according to my said invention.

page_text: Figure 4 is a horizontal section on the line 4-4 of Figure 2.
Figure 5 is a vertical section of the carburettor, and
Figure 6 is a vertical section through the upper part of one of the cylinders,
shewing the improved construction of packing.
Figures 5 and 6 are drawn to a larger scale than that to which the other figures
are drawn.
Like letters of reference indicate like parts throughout the various figures of the
drawings.
The body A of the vehicle, which is shewn in the drawings principally in dotted
lines is supported on springs a a', which may be ordinary carriage springs, and is
independent of the motor truck B, which is supported by front steering wheels, C,
and hind supporting wheels C. The said truck B carries the motor and all the
necessary gear, as hereinafter described. .
The carburettor for the vaporization of the oil consists of a vessel D provided
with a receptacle d for containing oil supplied to the requisite level from any
suitable storage. In this vessel is contained wire gauze or equivalent material d
constituting a mixer. Atmospheric air is drawn into this vessel, by the suction of the
motor, after having passed through a spring-controlled valve d and an annular
passage d³ constituted outside the vessel D by the casing D2, in which space the said
air becomes heated by contact with the heated wall of the vessel D. The air then
flows through, or between, the layers of wire gauze, or the like d and therein
becomes charged with vapour from the oil which is heated in the aforesaid container d,
and the mixture of air and oil vapour flows thence as indicated by the arrows in
Figure 5 by way of the passages d' d to the inlet valves e, Figures 2 and 4, and to
the motor cylinders E. The lamp F by which the heating of the carburettor is
effected may be provided with a pin f so arranged that by moving it to and fro, for
example by a rod f¹, it will clear the passage or passages 2 through which the oil or
vapour is supplied. The vessel D is of such a height that although the lamp F may
be constantly in operation no vapour will leave the said vessel unless air is first
allowed to enter it, as the vapour generated at the time that the air is not admitted
will condense on the wall of the vessel and run back into the receptacle d; this
dispenses with the necessity for extinguishing the lamp F when the motor is not
working. It is preferred, as shewn in the drawings, to use a two cylinder motor,
each cylinder E being provided with an ignition tube e', led into one chamber Fi
heated by the vaporizing lamp F. The rods E' of the pistons E2 of the two motor
cylinders E are connected to cranks g set opposite to each other on the crank shaft G
so as to properly balance the mass of the moving parts and thus greatly diminish
vibration. The motion of the crank shaft G is conveyed through gearing g' to a cam
shaft H parallel thereto the said cam shaft carrying a sprocket-pinion giving motion
to the vehicle by means of a chain ' passing over a sprocket-wheel h² fixed on the
hinder axle c of the vehicle.
h
The cam shaft H carries the cams h h h for opening and controlling the ignition
valves e' see Figure 4 and exhaust valves e³ of the cylinders E and acts also as an
intermediate shaft for reducing the speed of the motor down to the speed required for
the driving wheels. The inlet valve e and exhaust valve e³ of each cylinder E open
directly into the explosion chamber or space E³ appropriated to each cylinder, the
said explosion chamber or space being so arranged as to offer the minimum area of
cooling surface so as thereby to increase the useful effect of the motor. The valves e e
and are provided with springs e which tend always to close them. Although the
passage of the vehicle through the air may be sufficient to maintain the necessary
coolness yet if required (for instance in hot climates) a little water may be allowed to
pass into, or circulate through, the hollow space of each piston. To prevent excess of
heat and consequent distortion of the parts, possibly causing friction and leakage,
I arrange packing rings I at the mouth of the cylinders E instead of on the piston as
ordinarily employed and, as shewn most clearly in Figure 6, I make the said rings so
I

page_text: that they engage with each other and further so that by means of lugs on the
lowermost of the rings I and a loose ring i engaging with the said lugs i they are
kept in place and in position, to prevent escape of the gases, by a stuffing box I¹ in
which, and around the said rings, asbestos, or equivalent packing, i, may be placed
and secured by a gland 3.
The motor is suspended from the under frame B of the vehicle by means of a spring
or spring J, and the motor is connected with the axle c by a frame, or arms K and
bearings K so that it can oscillate upon the said axle c and still maintain the distance
from the cam shaft H to the axle 'c as is required by the gearing h, ; 2.
The hinder axle c may consist of an outer tube c' and an inner rod e forming
together a composite axle the parts of which are connected by differential gearing
consisting of two bevel wheels 2 secured respectively on the rod c and tube c¹ and
pinions actuating the driving wheels C. This differential gearing or any suitable
part thereof is enclosed within a cavity central to a clutch wheel L which receives
notion by means of the chain h' from the intermediate shaft H and sprocket-pinion h.
The clutch wheel L is normally free to revolve on the axle c and is provided with
a conical friction surface into which may be forced a friction cone which is
free to rotate, and to a slight extent, is laterally movable on the tube c¹. The
friction cone is slotted or recessed to engage with the frame e carrying the
pinions so that when this cone is forced into engagement with the cone
the pinions will be carried around with these cones and through the bevel wheels c²
transmit motion to the driving wheels c'.
By means of grooved pulleys and respectively on the said conical friction piece /¹
and on the intermediate or cam shaft H, and crossed wire rope 7 passed round each
of these pulleys, the vehicle can be caused to move backward. This movement is
obtained by operating either of the two levers M so that a rod m which was pushed
back when the said lever was put forward, for forward motion, is now, pulled, and
through the two oppositely-inclined cams m' m2 Figure 3 the clutch piece is
disengaged from the clutch wheel land by continuing the pull, the crossed wire rope h
is tightened and the backward motion is obtained by the action of the said rope. The
aforesaid clutch wheel L is also provided with a brake drum 3 for the purpose of
furnishing power for putting on the brake which may be operated by the aforesaid
operating lever M so as to cause the rope passing round the said drum to be tightened
to cause the brake to act.
The cam for opening each of the exhaust valves e actuates the said valve through
a lever e provided with a laterally projecting stud e with which a shoulder e on an
anchor lever is adapted to engage. The two anchor levers e are pivotted on a
rode on which, between the anchor levers, is also pivotted a spring controlled lever
or arm el connected by a cord or its equivalent el to a collar el hereinafter more
particularly described. The boss of the lever or arm eo is provided with a cam face
at each end and between these cams, and the inner sides of the two anchor levers e
are provided suitable sleeves and springs not shewn in the drawings, which are so
arranged that when the lever or arm el is in one position, sufficient friction will be
exerted upon the two anchor levers to prevent them from moving beyond the two
positions to which they are positively moved by the cams A, and thereby prevent the
shoulders e from moving into the paths of the studs e. When the arm eo is moved
to its second position (as for example, by lowering the collar 12 and consequently
allowing the spring of the arm el to operate) the friction is removed from the sides
of the anchor levers e and these, when operated by the cams oscillate to their
maximum extent.so as to bring the shoulders e into the paths of the studs e. This
operation prevents the exhaust valves e from being closed under the action of their
springs so that no vacuum is formed during the upstroke of the pistons and conse-
quently as .no explosive charge is drawn in through the inlet valves e the speed
of the vehicle is decreased.
The before mentioned collare" is provided at its interior with projections or
annular ribs adapted to engage with similar projections or ribs formed upon the

page_text: exterior of the shaft N which is connected with the steering wheels C in any
convenient manner. The collar fits loosely on the shaft N and may be engaged
with the said shaft at any desired part so as to hold the lever or arm elo in any desired
position according to the friction to be exerted on the anchor levers e". This collar is
controlled by the driver and pulle! or released according to the required speed. If
desired the cord or equivalent e" may be connected to an automatically-operating
motor-governor.
I have hereinbefore described the driving mechanism as though the clutch wheel L
and road driving wheels C¹ were rotated at a certain definite speed in relation to the
motor, for which purpose the sprocket-wheel h² would be rigidly secured to, or formed
in one part with, the clutch wheel L. When, however, it is desired to vary the
speed of rotation of the clutch wheel L in relation to that of the motor, I secure two,
or more, sprocket pinions h of different diameters on the cam or intermediate shaft H
and loosely mount on, or conveniently adjacent to, the clutch wheel L, a corresponding
number of sprocket wheels (also of different diameters) either of which may be
thrown into operative connection with the clutch-wheel L according to the speed at
which it is desired the vehicle shall travel. A convenient way of throwing the
sprocket wheels into engagement with the clutch wheel L is by means of levers o
pivotted to the said clutch wheel L and engaging, at their inner ends, with an annular
groove in, or on, a sleeve O, and, at their outer ends, capable of being engaged with
either of the sprocket wheels 2, or as for example, when the vehicle is stationary,
disengaged from each of them. The clutch sleeve O may be operated by a lever Oi
connected to any suitable pedal or hand lever.
. On the axlo c c' of the hind wheels CI provide brake drums P and around these
are coiled wire cords P¹ connected to the levers M by either of which the said brakes
may be applied, by tightening the cords, P¹, on the drums P, or released by loosening
these cords.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In motor driven road vehicles the arrangement of two cylinders disposed as
described and shewn in combination with explosion chambers each having an inlet
valve, ignition valve and exhaust valve, all opening directly thereinto, substantially as
hereinbefore described.
2. In motor driven road vehicles a motor having two or more cylinders, and both
or all of the ignition tubes in the same heating chamber substantially as hereinbefore
described.
3. In motor driven road vehicles a motor having two or more cylinders and both or
all of the ignition tubes in the same heating chamber and a carburettor and a burner
or furnace all arranged so that the said burner or furnace heats both the ignition tubes
and the carburettor, substantially as hereinbefore described.
4. In a motor driven vehicle a motor cylinder having packing combined therewith
the said packing being constructed and arranged, substantially as hereinbefore described
and illustrated in Figure 6 of the accompanying drawings.
5. The combination with motor driven road vehicles of a carburettor constructed
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figure 5 of the accompanying
drawings.
6. In a motor driven road vehicle the combination of a frame supported by the
road wheels and supporting the independent vehicle body with the intervention of
springs, a supplementary frame or arms carrying the motor and pivotted to the wheel
axle and connected to the first named frame by means of a spring or springs,
substantially as hereinbefore described.
7. In a motor driven road vehicle an intermediate shaft such as H combined with
devices for working the valves of the motor and with devices by which it serves to
reduce the speed and transmit the reduced speed to the driven wheels of the vehicle
substantially as hereinbefore described.

page_text: 8. The general arrangement and combination of parts constituting a motor-driven
road vehicle, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
Dated this 22nd day of February 1897
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.