IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN PARTS OF STEAM ENGINES, STEAM BOILERS, AND APPARATUB CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Stephen Holt, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer, and Edward Earnshaw and James Barlow, of
Rochdale, in the same County, Boiler Makers, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN PARTS OF STEAM ENGINES, STEAM BOILERS, AND
APPARATUB CONNECTED THEREWITH,"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Stephen Holt,
Edward Earnshaw, and James Barlow at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 13th November 1856.
We, THOMAS STEPHEN HOLT, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, and EDWARD EARNSHAW and JAMES BARLOW, of Rochdale, in the
same County, Boiler Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN PARTS OF STEAM ENGINES, STEAM
BOILERS, AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows; which said
improvements will be clearly understood by reference to the accompanying
ten Sheets of outline Drawings, and which relate,-
Firstly, to our improved equilibrium safety valve, of which (in Sheet 1,)
Fig. 1 is a section, and Fig. 2 a plan of the same. a represents the steam
pipe; and b, vanes, curved or angular, for the purpose of causing the valve to
revolve by the escape steam forcing against them when blowing off. The
Price 8d.]

page_text: hollow part of the valve cis the escape steam passage from the bottom facing,
which steam escapes through the holes d; the weight to regulate the pressuro
of the steam is shewn at e.
Fig. 3 is another modification of our equilibrium safety valve. a is a steam
pipe; b, the curved or angular vanes; c the escape steam passage from the
bottom and top facings of the valve, which steam passes off through the
escape pipe d; the weight e regulates the pressure of the steam.
Secondly, to our equilibrium float valve, which is for the purposo of allowing
the steam and water to escape upon the fire when the water is too low in the
boiler.
Fig. 4 is a section of an improved float valve, a represents the float; b, a
lever connecting the float with the valve c; the balance weight is shewn
at, and outlet into the fire box at-a. This valve is fixed into the fire box
plate f
Thirdly, to our improved steam gauge,shewn in section at Fig.5 (Sheet 1).
a represents the steam pipe from the boiler; b, an iron pipe, which holds the
mercury; c, a glass tube for indicating the pressure of steam; d. an iron pipe
for regulating the scale; e, the passage for the mercury between the glass
tube cand iron pipe d; fa chamber for receiving the mercury when it over-
Hows the glass tube c. The screw g is for the purpose of letting the mercury
outof the chamber finto the passage e, so that should the mercury be raised
above the indicator pressure our improved arrangement will prevent it being
wasted.
Fourthly, to our improved compensation safely valve, (in Sheet 2), Fig. I
is a section, and Fig. 2 a plan, of the valve. « represents the curved or
angular vanes to cause the valve to revolve; b, a shell or casing for the
purpose of causing the valve to lift when the steam escapes; c, a lever; and,
7, a weight.
Fig. 3 is an elevation, and Fig. 4 a plan, of a modification of our compen-
sation safety valve. a are curved or angular vanes; b, a parallel part of the
valve fitting into the seating, for the purpose of causing the valve to rise
quickly and lift the lever c, which lever when lifted reduces the pressure on
the valve, as indicated by the dotted lines d.
Fig. 5 is an elevation of another modification of our compensation safety
valve. « represents the curved or angular vanes; b, a parallel part; c, a
lever; d, a weight; a, a pulley. When the steam blows off the lever is lifted
so as to form an inclined plane for the weight to move down to f by means
pf the pulley e; when the steam in the boiler is reduced below its working
oressure the weight moves back to the end of the levor.

page_text: Fig. 6 is an elevation, and Fig. 7 a plan, of another lever arrangement for
tour compensation valve, by means of the quadrant a and lever b reducing
he weight ou the valve, as indicated by the dotted lines c.
Fifthly, to our improved feed-water warmer, (Sheet 2). Fig. 8 is an
el evation, and Fig. 9 a plan, of the same, both in section. This apparatus is
fixed to the exhaust pipes of steam engines and also in the flues of boilers.
a is an inlet pipe for the steam; b, the space lor the steam to pass round
he water casing; c, the water inlet; d, the outlet pipe; e, a spiral vane.
This vane is for the purpose of causing the water f to travel round the inside
of the tube, by which means the water is more effectually hented.
Sixthly, to our improved compensation lever for steam engine and other
governors, shewn in elevation at Fig. 10 (Sheet 2). a is a lever, for the
purpose of assisting the governor to rise and fall. By this arrangement the
governor has more command over the engine, and regulates the speed to a
much greater nicety, as indicated by the dotted lines b, shewing the lever.
Seventhly, to our improved feeding engine for steam boilers, shewn in
Sheet 3. Fig. 1 is a section of the feed pump; Fig. 2, an elevation of
engine; Fig. 3, an end, and Fig. 4 a side view of a cross-head. Fig. 5 is a
plan of an engine and pumps. a represents the steam cylinder; b, the driving
shaft for working any required number of feed pumps, so as to give a con-
tinuous feed to the boiler or vessel to prevent the feed pipes from bursting;
c, the pinion; d, the wheel in which the pinion works; and e, the pump
shaft.
Eighthly, to our improved arrangement for working the air pumps, or pumps
of any description connected to horizontal engines. Fig. 1 (Sheet 4) is an
elevation, and Fig. 2 a plan. They are worked by coupling to the piston
rod a, working through the back end of the cylinder, by means of a cross bar b
cottered on the end of the piston rod a; to this cross bar is connected two
links c, giving notion to the lover d for working the rocking shaft e; the
lever f, f, is for working the air pump orother description of pumps, which
said motion is applicable to either end of the piston rod.
a are
Ninthly, to our improved method of working the air pumps and feed or
other pumps connected to a vertical engine, shewn in Sheet 5. Fig. 1 is a
piston rod cross head, and Fig. 2 an elevation of our arrangement.
the beams for working the pump or pumps, placed in a line with the fly wheel
shaft b, thereby giving greater compactness to the engine and not injuring
the foundation.
Tenthly, toour improved vertical boilers, shewn in Sheets 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10
In Sheet 6, Fig. 1 is a vertical section, and Fig. 2 a plan.
a is the fire box;

page_text: b, the tubes for conveying the smoke to the chimney through the centre
flue c; the circular water space is shewn at d.
In Sheet 7, Fig. 1 is a vertical section, and Fig. 2 a plan. is the fire
box; b, the tubes for convoying the smoke to the down fine C: the flat water
space is shewn at d.
In Sheet 8, Fig. 1 is a vertical section, and Fig. 2 a plan. a is the fire
box; b, the tubes for conveying the smoke to the centre down flue c; the
circular water space is shewn at d.
In Sheet 9, Fig. 1 is a vertical section, and Fig. 2 a plan. is the fire
box; b, the tubes for conveying the smoke into the combustion chamber c
to the down fluc d; the circular water space is shewn nt c.
a
In Sheet 10, Fig. 1 is a vertical section, and Fig. 2 a plan. is the fire
box; b, the tubes for conveying the smoke into the combustion chamber c
to the down flue d; the flat water space is shewn at c. These 'arrangements
of boilers are of a very compact form, giving great heating surface though
occupying a small space.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Stephen Holt, Edward Earnshaw. and James
Barlow in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 15th May 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
STEPHEN HOLT, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, and
EDWARD EARNSHAW and JAMES BARLOW, of Rochdale, in the same County,
Boiler Makers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Thomas Stephen Holt, and Edward Earnshaw, and James Barlow,
Her special licence that we, the said Thomas Stephen Holt, Edward Earn-
shaw, and James Barlow, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said Thomas Stephen Holt, Edward Earnshaw, and James
Barlow, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to timo and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN PARTS

page_text: OF STEAM ENGINES, STEAM BOILERS, AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH,'
upon
the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Thomas Stephen Holt,
Edward Earnshaw, and James Barlow, by an instrument in writing under
our hands and seals, or the hand and sealof one of us, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Lotters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Stephen Holt, for and on
behalf of myself and the said Edward Earnshaw and James Barlow, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say) :-
Our Invention relates, firstly, to an improved equilibrium safety valve;
secondly, to an improved equilibrium float valve, for the purpose of allowing
the steam and water to escape upon the fire when the water in the boiler is
too low; thirdly, to an improved mercurial steam gauge; fourthly, to an
improved compensation lever safety valve; fifthly, to an improved feed-water
warmer for stationary, locomotive, and marine engines; sixthly, to an im-
proved compensation lever for governors of steam engines; seventhly, to an
improved feed engine or pump for boilers and other useful purposes; eighthly,
to an improved method of working and placing air pumps of vertical
stationary engines; and, ninthly, to improved vertical boilers.
The nature of which improvements, and the manner in which the same
are to be performed, will be clearly understood by reference to the accom-
panying three Sheets of Drawings, and the letters of reference thereon, in
which our improved equilibrium safety valve is shewn at Figs. 17 and 18
Sheet 1. Fig. 17 being a section, and Fig. 18 a plan of the same. a repre.
sents the steam pipe; and b, vanes curved or angular, for the purpose of
causing the valve to revolve by the escape steam forcing itself against
them when blowing off. The hollow part of the valve c is the escape
stcam passage from the bottom facing, which steam escapes through the
holes d; the weight to regulate the pressure of the steam is shewn at e
suspended by the centre rod or spindle f. The great amount of advantage
and safety to be derived from the use of these safety valves rest in the
principle of their construction, that is, the valve continues to rise until the
area of the outlet at the edge of the faces of the valve becomes equal to the
thoroughfare, at which point the pressure of steam in the boiler will be
reduced immediately.

page_text: Fig. 16 is another modification of our equilibrium safety valve, in which
a represents the steam pipe; b, the curved or angular vanes; c, the escape
steam passage from the bottom and top facings of the valve, which steam
causes the valve to revolve by forcing itself against the curved vanes when
passing off through the escape pipe d, the weight o regulating the pressure of
steam.
Our equilibrium float valve is shewn at Fig. 19, Sheet 1, which is a section
of it. a represents the float; and b, a rod to suspend it to the lever c. To
this lever is attached the equilibrium valve d, which valve is arranged so that
the bottom and top face e and will allow the steam and water to escape
upon the fire when the water in the boiler becomes too low. is a balance
weight for balancing the float ; and is a section of the fire box plate with
the apparatus attached, so that when the water is raised to its proper level it
closes again.
n
Our improved steam gauge is shewn in section at Fig. 20, Sheet 1.
represents the steam pipe from the boiler; b, au iron pipe which holds the
mercury; c, a glass tube for indicating the pressure of steam; d, an iron pipe
for regulating the scale; e, the passage for the mercury between the glass
tube cand iron pipe d; f, a chamber for receiving the mercury when it over-
flows the glass tube c; the screw g is for the purpose of letting the mercury
out of the chamber finto the passage e, so that should the mercury be raised
above the indicated pressure our improved arrangement will prevent it being
wasted.
In Sheet 1, Fig. 1 is a section of our improved compensation valve,
and Fig. 2 a plan of the same. a represents the curved or angular vanes to
cause the valve to revolve: b, a shell or casing for the purpose of causing the
valve to lift when the steam escapes; c, a lever; and d, a weight. This
Jever c is so arranged, that when the valve is lifted by the pressure of the
steam the weight d is brought into the position shewn by the dotted lines.
By this arrangement we obtain a large outlet for the escape of steam.
Fig. 3 is an elevation, and Fig. 4 a plan, of a modification of our com.
pensation safety valve; in which a represents curved or angular vanes; b. a
parallel part of the valve fitting into the seating for the purpose of causing
the valve to rise quickly and lift the levers c, which levers when lifted reduce
the pressure on the valve by the weight being brought nearer to the centre
of the valve, by which we reduce the leverage, as indicated by the dotted
lines d.
Fig. 5 is an elevation of another modification of our compensation safety
valve. a represents the curved or angular vaues; b, a parallel part of the

page_text: valve to fit into the valve seating; c, a lever; d, a weight; e, a pulley, which
is connected to the weight by the links f. When the steam blows off the
lever c is lifted, so as to form an inclined plane for the pulley e to move down
with the weight d to the position shewn by the dotted lines g. By this
arrangement we are enabled to reduce the pressure of steam in the boiler,
and the weight is carried back to its proper position, as shewn, by the full
lines and weight at the end of the lever c.
Fig. 6 is an elevation, and Fig. 7 a plan, of another lever arrangement for
reducing the pressure on the safety valve by means of the quadrant a working
in the pinion 6, to which pinion is attached a lever c with its weight d.
Fig. 8, Sheet 1, is an elevation, and Fig. 9 a plan of our improved water
warmer, both in section. This apparatus is fixed in the exhaust pipes of
steain engines, and also in the flues of boilers and chimneys and smoke boxes
of locomotive and marine engines. is an inlet pipe for the steam; b, the
space for the steam to pass round the water casing; c, the water inlet; d, the
outlet pipe; e, a spiral vane, for the purpose of causing the water f to travel
round the inside of the tube, by which means the water is more effectually
heated, which may either be forced through it into the boiler, or drawn
through, it and then forced into the boiler.
Fig. 21, Sheet 1, is another modification of our feed-water warmer applied
to a locomotive engine chimney. a is an outlet pipe for the heat; b, a
circular space for the heat to pass round the warmer; c, the water inlet
pipe; 7, the outlet pipe; e, a spiral vane, for the purpose of the water f to
travel round the inside of the tube; and y, the chimney top.
Our improved compensation lever for steam engine governors is shown in
elevation at Fig. 10, Sheet 1. a is a lever, with the weight b on one end, and
the pinion c on the other, which pinion is worked by the quadrant d. This
lever motion is for the purpose of assisting the governor to rise and fall. By
this arrangement the governor has more command over the engine, and
regulates the speed to a much greater nicety. The position shewn by the
dotted lines e indicates the lever lifted.
Fig. 11, Sheet 1, represents a section of the feed pump of our improved
feeding engine for steam boilers and all other useful purposes.
Fig. 12 is an elevation of the engine; Fig. 13 an end, and Fig. 14 a side
view of a cross head.
Fig. 15 is a plan of the engine and pumps. a represents the steam
cylinder; b, the driving shaft for working any required number of feed pumps,
so as to give a continuous feed to the boiler or vessel to prevent the feed pipes

page_text: bursting; c, the pinion; d, the wheel in which the pinion works; and e, the
pump shaft.
In Fig. 3, Sheet 2, is shewn an elevation of our improved method of
working the air, feed, or other pumps connected to vertical engines, the air
pump being placed inside the condensor between the engine beds. a repre-
sents the beams for working the pump or pumps, placed in a line with the
fly wheel shaft b; the beams a are worked from the cross head c, attached to
the end of the piston d. To the other end of the lever a are the links e,
which links can be applied at either end of the beams. These our improved
arrangements give greater compactness and durability to the engines.
Our improved vertical boilers are shewn in Sheets 2 and 3. In Sheet 2,
Fig. 1 is a vertical section, and Fig. 2 a plan of the same. is the fire box;
, the tubes for convoying the smoke to the centre down flue c; the circular
water space is shewn at d. In Sheet 3, Fig. 1 is a vertical section, and
Fig. 2 a plan. a is the fire box; b, the tubes for conveying the smoke into
the combustion chamber c to the down flue d; the flat water space is shewn
at e.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section, and Fig. 4 a plan. a is the fire box; 4, the
tubes for conveying the smoke to the down flue c; the flat water space is
shown at d.
Fig. is a vertical section, and Fig. 6 a plan. is the fire box; b, the
tubes for conveying the smoke to the chimney through the centre flue c; the
circular water space is shown at d.
Fig. 7 is a vertical section, and Fig. 8 a plan. a is the fire box; b, the
tubes for conveying the smoke into the combustion chamber c to the down
flue d; the circular water space is shewn at 0.
These arrangements of boilers are of a very compact form, giving great
heating surface though occupying a small space.
Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of our said
Invention, we desire it to be distinctly understood that we do not confine
ourselves to the precise details herein set forth, as such may be varied or
modified without departing from the principle thereof; but we claim,-
Firstly, the improved equilibrium safety valve.
Secondly, the improved equilibrium float valve.
Thirdly, the improved mercurial steam gauge.
Fourthly, the improved compensation lever safety valve.
Fifthly, the improved feed-water warmer for stationary, locomotive, and
marine engines.

page_text: Sixthly, the improved compensation lever for governors of steam engines.
Seventhly, the improved feed engine or pump for boilers and other useful
purposes
Eighthly, the improved method of working and placing air pumps of
vertical stationary engines.
Ninthly, the improved vertical boilers.
As all such improvements are herein described, and illustrated in the
accompanying three Sheets of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Stephen Holt, for and on behalf
of myself and the said Edward Earnshaw and James Barlow, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
THOMAS STEPHEN HOLT. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-
named Thomas Stephen Holt, in the
presence of
E. J. HUGHES, Patent Agent,
Manchester.