IMPROVEMENTS IN ENEMA SYRINGES, AND IN STOMACH AND OTHER PUMPS
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES.
HAMER, of Wardour Street, Saint James', Machinist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Seventh day of April, in the eighth year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said James
Hamer, Her especial licence, full power, sole privelege and authority, that I,
the said James Hamer, my oñors, adñññors, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said James Hamer, my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ENEMA SYRINGES, AND IN STOMACH AND
OTHER PUMPS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I,
the said James Hamer, shall cause a particular description of the nature of
my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will
more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Hamer, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and ascer

page_text: tained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon
(that is to say)—
My Invention consists of combining two pistons on the same piston rod,
such pistons working in two cylinders of different diameter, so that during the
up stroke and the down stroke of the piston rod a constant flow of fluid will
be passing out of the pump, whether the same be made suitable for enema
syringes or for stomach or other pumps.
And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the Drawing hereunto annexed,
in the various Figures of which the same letters are used to indicate the same
parts.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figuro 1 shews a section of an enema syringe constructed according to my
Invention, or the same would be suitable for a stomach pump if the lower
end were made properly for having a suction pipe affixed thereto. a, b, are
tho two pump cylinders, in which the two pistons c and d respectively work,
tho larger cylinder a being of twice the sectional area of the other cylinder b,
hence a given length of the cylinder a will contain twice the quantity of fluid
which the same length of the cylinder will contain. The object of this
arrangement will be better understood when the working of tho parts is fully
described. The piston c has a passage through it with a valve, but the
piston is a solid piston, such as is used in an ordinary force pump, and the
two pistons are fixed to the same piston rod. The cylinder b passes into and
is fixed within the cylinder a, there being a space between the two cylindors,
which serves as an air chamber in working the pump, or the space may be
filled up. In working this pump, the fluid in the up stroke of the piston rod
will by the piston c be raised up one half, passing away at the outlet e, the
other half passing into the cylinder b, the fluid following the piston d into the
cylinder ; and in the down stroke of the piston rod the fluid below the
piston c will pass through that piston as it descends, and the fluid in the
cylinder will, by the descent of the piston d, force the fluid out of the
cylinder through the opening or outlet e; by which it will be perceived that
one-half of the fluid which at the down stroke has passed above the piston c
will pass out of the pump barrel a at the outlet e iu the ascent of the piston
rod, and the other half of the fluid will pass out at e in the descending stroke,
thus keeping up a constant flow from the pump both in the up and down
stroke of the piston rod. And I would state, that when spherical valves are

page_text: used I prefer that the cups in which they move above the seats should have
projecting ribs, so that the valves should have but little lateral play. Figure 2
shews a vertical section, and Figure 3 a plan, of a pump made according to
my Invention, suitably arranged for a water or other pump, which may bo
worked by hand, or by other power by connecting the upper part of the piston
rod with suitable apparatus. The parts of this pump, it will be seen, are
marked with the same letters of reference, and the description above given
is equally applicable to this pump as to that before referred to; it will not,
therefore, be necessary to repeat the same. I have not thought it necessary to
shew any air vessel, but pumps, according to my Invention, may, if desired,
have air vessels applied thereto.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the best means I
am acquainted with for performing the same, I would have understood that
I do not claim any of the parts separately, nor do I confine myself to the
details shewn, so long as the peculiar character of my Invention as herein
described retained; but what I claim is, the mode of constructing enema
syringes, and stomach and other pumps, by combining two pistons on the same
piston rod, and causing them to work in two cylinders of different diameters,
so as to obtain a constant flow of fluid at the up and down stroke, as herein
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Hamer, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventh day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-five.