IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDS FOR CASTING INGOTS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Carl Johan Laurentz Leffler, of Sheffield, in the
County of York, Iron Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MOULDS FOR CASTING INGOTS."
Sealed the 2nd October 1874, and dated the 9th April 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Carl Johan Laurentz
Leffler at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 9th April 1874.
I, CARL JOHAN LAURENTZ LEFFLER, of Sheffield, in the County of
York, Iron Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDS FOR CASTING INGOTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in moulds for casting ingots,
by the employment of which I am enabled to produce ingots sounder and
more solid at the top and other parts than can be obtained by the
ordinary method of casting.
The novelty of the improvements consists in forming a central mould
surrounded with other moulds, in such a manner that each side of the

page_text: central mould shall form a side or end of one or more of the surrounding
moulds.
In the process of casting, the molten metal is first poured into the
central mould, and flows thence through outlet apertures or holes
(situated at or near the bottoms of its sides) up into the surrounding
moulds, so as to fill them.
The moulds are, by preference, made open at the bottom, and during
the process of casting they are placed upon a suitable bottom plate; or
the moulds may be suitably arranged in any other convenient way to
effect the desired object.
I form the above-mentioned outlet holes or apertures of hollow iron
picces or iron plate linings, which I fit loosely into holes or apertures
raade in the sides of the central mould, so that they can be easily removed
and replaced by new ones when worn out. I thus prevent the molten
metal from melting or wearing away the holes through which it would
otherwise have to pass. (I also propose to use the said hollow iron pieces
or iron plate linings so as to form a junction between a central and the
surrounding tapering moulds, or other moulds of the usual construction
for a similar purpose.)
On the top of the surrounding moulds I place a stopper made with a
hole or opening for the escape of the air and gases, and into which the
molten metal rises, and by these means the object of the Invention is
fully attained.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said; Carl Johan Laurentz Leffler in the Great Seal 25
Patent Office on the 9th October 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CARL
JOHAN LAURENTZ LEFFLER, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Iron
Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her 30
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Carl Johan Laurentz Lofflor, Her

page_text: special licence that I, the said Carl Johan Laurentz Leffler, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Carl Johan Laurentz Leffler, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, excrcise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDS FOR CASTING INGOTS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Carl Johan Laurentz
Leffler, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Carl Johan Laurentz Leffler, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement in writing, and on reference being had
to the accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to improvements in moulds for casting ingots,
by the employment of which I am enabled to produce ingots sounder
and more solid throughout than can be obtained by the ordinary method
of casting.
The novelty of the improvements consists in forming a central mould I,
and in surrounding it with other moulds 2, in such a manner that cach
side of the mould I shall form a side or end of one or more of the
moulds 2, see the plan view Figure 2 on the accompanying Drawings
(Figure 1 being partly an elevation and partly a vertical section thereof).
These moulds are held in this position during the process of casting by
iron cross bars 3, and are tightened up at the top and bottom by
wedges 4 or by other convenient means.
The moulds are (by preference) made open at the bottom, and during
the process of casting they are placed upon a suitable bottom plate 5;
or the moulds may be otherwise suitably arranged to effect the desired
object.

page_text: The mould I is divided diagonally into two parts, and the moulds 2
being open at and tapering in width from the sides adjoining the
mould I they can all be readily removed from the cast ingots. At the
bottom of each side of the mould I there is an outlet hole or aperture 6,
through which the molten metal runs from the mould I to the moulds 2,
and to prevent the said holes or apertures 6 from melting or wearing
away I place therein loosely fitting hollow iron pieces or iron plate
linings 7, which can be easily removed and replaced by new ones when
worn out.
In the process of casting the molten metal is first poured into the
mould I at its open top, and flows thence through the holes 6 or
linings 7 up into the moulds 2 to the required height. I also propose
to use the said hollow iron pieces or iron plate linings 7 so as to form
junctions between a central and surrounding tapering moulds or other
moulds of the usual construction for a similar purpose of communication,
see Figures 3 and 4 (Figure 3 being partly an elevation and partly a
vertical section, and Figure 4 a plan). These Figures illustrate a group
of ordinary moulds arranged as above described, and connected by means
of the cast-iron junction pieces or "runners" 7. These junction pieces
are placed upon loose bottoms 8 inserted into recesses in the upper onc
of two parts forming the bottom 5, and which bottoms 8 can be replaced
by new ones as required. The lower part of the bottom 5 is solid, and
serves as a foundation for the whole group of moulds; or the junction
pieces 7 may rest upon the solid bottom 5 instead of upon the loose
bottoms 8.
Both the moulds I and 2 can be made either solid, see the central
mould I and bottom and right hand moulds 2, Figure 4, or in two or
more parts, as convenient, see the top and left-hand moulds 2, the joints
being placed transversly, see top mould 2, or diagonally, sce left-hand
mould 2. When thus made in two or more parts the inner sides of the
moulds 2 may also be made straight, scc top mould 2. The junction
pieces 7 can also be constructed so that the metal cast therein will form
ingots of any desired shapes or weights.
As in the previously described modification, the molten metal is
poured into the mould I at its open top, and passes thence through the
junction picces 7 up into the moulds 2, so as to fill them or to rise to
any required height.

page_text: . When the metal is set, the moulds and the junction pieces are lifted or
otherwise removed, and the surrounding ingots broken off from the
central ingot.
On the top of each of the surrounding moulds 2 I place a stopper 9
(see Figure 3), made with a hole or opening 10 for the escape of the air
and gases, or the ingots may be stopped in the usual way.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature and
object of my said Invention, together with the manner in which the
same is to be or may be performed or carried into practical effect, I
would remark in conclusion that I claim as my Invention, the forming.
a central mould surrounded with other moulds, in such a manner that
cach side of the central mould shall form a side or end of one or
more of the surrounding moulds; and I also claim the use of hollow
iron junction pieces, so as to form communications between a central and
surrounding ordinary moulds, both substantially in the manner and for
the purposes above described, and as illustrated on the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Carl Johan Laurentz Leffler, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Third day of October, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four
Witness,
BRISTOW HUNT,
Solicitor and Patent Agent,
5, Serle Street,
Lincoln's Inn.
C. J. L. LEFFLER. (L.S.)