New or Improved Process for Producing Rolled Bars.
Year: 1894

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
New or Improved Process for Producing Rolled Bars.
I, OTTO KLATTE, Manager of the Firm of Walzwerk Germania, Neuwied on
the Rhine, Germany, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
The present invention consists in a new or improved process for producing rolled
bars; the expression bar is here understood to comprise objects generally, the
longitudinal extension of which is considerably greater than that in the transverse
direction, the cross section of the bar being of any shape. Thus all rolled goods
would come under this heading which are known in the branch as bar iron, square
bar iron, flat iron, rod iron, hoop iron, wire, cross bar iron, T iron, and I-iron, rails
and shaped bar iron of any kind.
According to the present process, the material previously roughly shaped by
forging, casting rolling or similar means, is passed between the rolls of a four roll
mill, the four rolls of which constitute the first groove; on emerging from the first
mill it is immediately passed on into a second set, the rolls of which constitute the
second groove, and from the second to a third four roll mill, and so on uninter-
ruptedly, until it has attained the required shape of section at the last mill.
The material need not necessarily be finished in the one series of mills but may
be passed on to another series, arranged on the same system or to two or more
series, according to the requirements of the case.
The four rolls of each set are all the same size or at least the rolls constituting
each pair should be of equal size. Thus the material under treatment will have no
tendency to bend in any direction on leaving the mills, except under the influence
of gravity, and guides or trucks will consequently not be required, and the material
issuing from the rolls will only need to be prevented from bending downward under
the influence of gravity by a sort of guide device, closing onto the under part of
the form of section of the rolled material and supporting it from underneath, or
inclosing it entirely at a short distance previous to its entering the next set of rolls,
as no variation in the position of the section, or twisting, will take place.
"
The whole series of rolls is driven dependently from one main driving gear,
(tooth gearing or the like) and the driving gear is arranged in such proportion that
the circumferential speed of one set of rolls shall be slightly greater than the speed
at which the material under treatment leaves the previous set of rolls. Thus the
circumferential speed of each set of rolls will increase in proportion to the sectional
reduction or to the longitudinal extension of the material under treatment, and in
addition to this each system will have a certain amount of "lead or additional
speed so as to keep the material stretched between the sets, and thus prevent the
formation of bends, slings and the like. The speed variations of the various sets
of rolls may either be attained by simply varying the gearing of the sets with the
main driving gear or by also increasing successively the diameters of the rolls of
the various sets, by wbich latter means the desired increase in the circumferential
speed of the rolls would be partly attained. As the grooves of the rolls of the
first sets are of course larger than those of the following sets, it will be readily
understood that when the grooves are worn, the latter rolls may be adapted for
further use in the first sets, if the latter rolls are made in increasing sizes, they can
be still better adapted for subsequent use in the first or primary sets.

page_text: The grooves of each sets of four rolls are formed in such manner, that by moving
or adjusting the said rolls in the plane of the four axles, either in the direction of
the said axles or in a direction at right angles thereto or by combination of both
directions of adjustment, another groove similar to the first may be obtained.
This arrangement not only enables an exact adjustment of the groove of the
rolls of each set in proportion to the required sectional reduction of the work, but
also enables sections of various sizes, similar in shape to the original groove to be
attained with the same series of rolls by the adjustment of the positions of the rolls
of each set with respect to each other, as aforesaid.
For carrying out the rolling process herein before described, I employ rolling
mills constructed according to my Patent No. 15403 dated 12th August 1893, see
Figures 41, 42, and 43, in which machines suitable means are provided for the
required adjustment of the rolls.
The figures of the accompanying drawing show diagrammatic representations of
roll groovings for carrying out the present invention showing also in dotted line
how the grooves may be altered by shifting the position of the rolls.
Figure 1 shows grooving for producing a flat rectangular section as final result,
for the manufacture of flat or hoop iron. If the rolling process is interrupted
previously i.e. before the iron has passed through all the roll sets, the section
produced may be rhomboidal, oval or square.
Figure 2 shows grooving for finally producing a circular section for instance for
wire, the intermediate products being square or oval bar iron.
Figure 3 shows grooving for finally attaining square bar iron the intermediate
products being square iron of larger section and bar iron having a rhomboidal
section.
Figures 4-12 show diagrammatically the development of the rolling system for
the various sections shown in Figures 1 to 3.
Figures 4 and 44 show the formation of rolls for square bar iron (lying on edge)
adaptable also for flat iron (hoop iron).
Figure 5 the arrangement for producing square bar iron (lying flat) also adapt-
able for flat iron.
Figure 6 the arrangement for producing flat iron (lying flat) adaptable also for
square iron.
Figure 7 a similar arrangement for rolling flat iron (lying inclined) also adapt-
able for square bar iron.
Figures 8 and 9 illustrate rolls for producing iron having rhomboidal section.
Figure 10 for making oval iron (lying flat).
Figures 11 and 12 for oval iron lying inclined, and Figure 13 for bar iron having
an ogival section.
Figures 14, 15, 16 and 17 represent groovings for rolling cross-iron, I-iron and
rails, the latter showing a grooved rail as final product.
Figures 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 show the form of the rolls employed for such work.
The drawings do not by any means show every adaptation of the process, as
the same could be employed to produce a great variety of sections; Figures 1-22
are merely intended for examples.
The present rolling process has the great advantage that the reduction of the
section of the material from its primary form to required shape takes place very
quickly, without however necessitating an inconveniently high speed of rotation
of the rolls. By this means as also in consequence of the rapid passage of the
work from one set of rolls to the next a noticeable reduction of the temperature
of the material under treatment is effectually avoided and thus it is possible by
the present process to roll wire to a smaller diameter than hitherto and to save
a part of the drawing operation. It is further evident (particularly from
Figures 1, 2, and 3, and the requisite rolls in Figures 4-12) that with rolls formed
according to the process, as in the examples quoted, an universal grooving system
may be developed, since with the same series of sets of rolls a great number of

page_text: sections varying both as regard their geometrical form and size may be rolled,
without having to take out and change the rolls, thus :-
1. With one and the same series of grooving the section produced by the last set
of rolls may be attained.
2. By throwing the subsequent roll sets out of operation (arranging the rolls
sufficiently far apart) any of the intermediate sections may be obtained.
3. By slight adjustment of the rolls of one or various groovings inaccuracies
in the sectional reduction of one set with regard to the others may be com-
pensated.
4. By adjusting the positions of the rolls throughout the series a variety of
sections may be obtained in the end set, and
5. Finally by interrupting the process at the intermediate sets of rolls, after
having effected the adjustment, sections may be obtained having the same
geometrical form but varying in size.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A rolling process consisting in passing the material under treatment uninter-
ruptedly through consecutively arranged sets of four roll mills, whereby the sections
of the work is changed from its original form to that corresponding to the grooving
of each individual consecutive set successively, and finally brought into the shape
conditioned by the grooving of the final set, substantially as described.
2. The arrangement of the roll groovings in such wise that sections may be
produced with one and the same series of roll sets, different from those originally
produced, by shifting or "cutting out" the roll sets without however taking out or
changing the rolls, substantially as described.
Dated this 28th day of June 1801
R. CORE GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said Otto Klatte.
R. CORE GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said Otto Klatte.