Improvements in or relating to Apparatus for the Production of Electricity, and its Utilization for Lighting, Ventilating, and other Purposes.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Mar., 1894-Accepted, 30th June, 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Apparatus for the Production of
Electricity, and its Utilization for Lighting, Ventilating, and
other Purposes.
A communication from abroad by ISAAC NEWTON LEWIS, Fort Wadsworth,
Richmond County, New York, U.S.A., Electrician.
I, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of No. 46 Lincoln's Inn Fields in the County
of London, Consulting Engineer and Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates principally to that class of electric apparatus wherein the
electric energy for operating lamps or other translating devices is obtained from a
dynamo electric machine driven by a variable speed power and operated in
connection with a storage battery which is charged from the dynamo and supplies
the energy for operating the translating devices when there is an intermission of
driving power.
•
The invention is designed, among other things, for use with dynamos placed on
railway cars and driven by the power which propels the car, for which purpose the
said dynamo is usually connected in any suitable manner to the car axle, but some
of the features of the invention are applicable when the dynamo is driven by a
windmill or other force of varying power and speed. I shall, however, describe
the invention in detail as applied to a railway car for furnishing electricity to heat, -
light or ventilate the same or for other purpose.
The invention is designed to furnish a simple and effective apparatus and consists
first in the combination with a working circuit containing lamps or other translating
devices, of a storage battery, and a self-regulating dynamo feeding said battery
and translating devices, said dynamo having a field exciting coil fed from the
battery or other source and an opposing field coil in the main circuit with the
armature.
Another feature of the invention relates to the provision made for reversal of
the rotation of the armature when the car axle or other driving power reverses its
direction of rotation, the object being to prevent reversal of the electric current
delivered to the opposing coil. This part of the invention involves an automatic
pole changer which is made responsive in any desired way to the reversal of the
driving power and is combined with the compensating or regulating circuit of the
self-regulating dynamo as hereinafter more particularly described.
.
The automatic pole changer may be mechanically operated or may be operated
by means of polarized electro-magnets as hereiuafter described. In the latter case,
iny correspondent has found, it is necessary to use a separately excited instead of a
self-excited dynamo when the machine is subject to reversals in the direction of
driving, and a part of the invention consists in the application of the polarized
electro-magnetic pole changer or reverser to a separately excited dynamo when the
latter is driven at different times in opposite directions.
The invention consists also in the combination of two magnetic switches
differently adjusted for controlling.respectively the connection of the machine and
battery and the connection of the poles of the armature with the external circuit
on reversal of driving, said switches being adjusted to respond or operate at
different potentials or voltages of the armature.
The invention consists also in other features and combinations as hereinafter
more fully set forth

page_text: In Figs. 1 and 4, one way of driving the dynamo from a car axle is shown.
Other means may be employed, the dynamo being combined with switches, etc., as
set forth. The dynamo might be driven from a windmill or other source of
intermittent or variable speed power.
Fig. 1, is a plan of a dynamo and car truck.
Fig. 2. is an end elevation of the pole changer frictionally or mechanically
operated.
Fig. 3, is a side-elevation of the dynamo detached.
Fig. 4, is a vertical section through the car axle and supporting devices for the
dynamo.
Fig. 5, is a diagram illustrating the electrical connections of the apparatus.
Fig. 6, is a diagram illustrating the arrangement when the pole changer is
operated by an arrangement of polarized magnets adjusted to respond to reversals
of electric current arising either from reversals in direction of turning of the
armature or from mistakes of coupling the same to the battery or working circuit.
A, is the car sill or floor; B, the beam of the car truck which carries the
swinging bolster ; C, the equalizing bars or beams of the truck which beams are
imposed directly upon the journal boxes for the car axle.
D, is the dynamo which supplies the electrical energy for operating the lamps or
other devices on the car and also for charging the battery. The dynamo D, is
preferably mounted upon the cross beam or bar E, which is attached to the
longitudinal bars or beams G, or it may be mounted upon any other suitable part
of the truck or even on the car body. The dynamo is driven by connection with
the car axle F, in any suitable way as, for instance, by a gear wheel secured
to the car axle that gears with a smaller wheel upon the armature shaft, as shown.
The proportion of gears is such as to give the desired armature speed under
average speed of the car. T, is the armature and. t, the commutator brushes.
The dynamo itself is preferably one whose brushes have a zero lead irrespective of
the direction of rotation of the armature. As will be seen, the armature rotates
sometimes in one direction and sometimes in another depending upon the direction
in which the car is moving.
The dynamo itself is preferably constructed in any proper manner to be self-
regulating in itself by a proper winding of its field magnets thereby dispensing
with devices heretofore employed for adjusting the voltage of the dynamo to
prevent its rising when the car travels at a high rate of speed.
The compensating or adjusting coil of the self-regulating dynamo which is of
coarse wire, is indicated at a. This coil is made to carry a current which increases
with the speed of the armature but which is properly applied to the machine to
tend to cut-down the electro-motive force of the armature at such increased speed.
The preferred manner of applying it is as a field magnet coil, as indicated more
fully in the diagram.
coil
The main exciting coil of the machine indicated at 6, determines the polarity of
the field magnets, and is supplied with exciting electrical energy from any desired
source preferably direct from the storage battery which is charged by the armature.
By this means the field coil b, provides a practically constant excitation but the
a, is an opposing coil and operates to cut down the field magnetism developed
by b, when the armature speed rises above the desired speed and causes an increased
current to flow in coil a. The compensating action arises from the fact that as the
speed rises so that with the same field magnetism there would be an increased
electro-motive force and current on the line, the coil a, operates to cut down the
field magnetism and to preserve the voltage substantially constant.
As it is desirable when the machine is used upon a car or in other situations
where there is variable driving power that the electro-motive force of the machine
should rise to the desired point without opposition until the critical or desired
speed is reached, I construct the coil b, or give it a sufficient number of turns to
not only excite the field magnet to saturation but to provide a surplus exciting
power which is not overcome by the coil a, when the armature begins to rotate but

page_text: which surplus is practically balanced by the action of the coil a, when the desired
critical speed or electro-motive force of armature is reached. Any further increase
of current in coil a, will thereafter tend to operate to cut down the field magnetism
so that any further increase of speed will not result in increasing the electro-motive
force beyond what is desired. This action of self-regulation above the critical
speed, or that requisite for charging the battery, is assisted by the fact that when
the voltage rises so as to overcome the counter electro-motive force of the battery,
the current will flow in greatly increased amount in coil a, and increase with the
speed thus cutting down the field.
The manner of connecting the coils and other devices to be presently described,.
will be seen more clearly from the diagram to which further reference will be
presently made.
In order to avoid the use of intermediate mechanical reversing devices when the
armature is subject to reversal of rotation by reversal of its driving power, an
automatic pole changer is employed between the armature and the coil a, and made
to change its position when the armature reverses its direction of rotation.
In Figs. 2 and 5, a mechanically operated pole changer is shown actuated by
frictional connection with a shaft which reverses its direction of rotation when the
armature reverses.
G, indicates a pole changer for this purpose. f, is a ring or support from which
project inwardly a pair of friction shoes, held by the action of springs i, in
contact with the armature shaft d. The friction shoes h', are properly attached to
the inside of the ring or frame f. The frame or support f, carries the movable
part of the pole changer. Said movable part comprises a pair of contacts 3, in
the form of segments, preferably, which are shod at opposite ends with copper
strips 4. The opposite ends of the contacts 3, are adapted to engage with con-
tacts 5, 6, the pair 6, forming one of the fixed poles of the pole changer and the
pair 5, the other pole, as clearly indicated in the drawings. The contacts 3, are
insulated from one another by suitable insulation on the frame or carrier f, and
have flexible or other connections with the two poles of the external circuit while
the fixed contacts 6 and 5, form the opposite terminals of the source of energy
which is by the action of the pole changer made to flow always in the same
direction on the circuit connected to the contacts 3.
H, is the electro-magnetic switch that controls the connection of the armature
The main
with the circuit leading to the battery and the translating devices.
circuit leading to the battery and translating devices is indicated by the
mumerals 9, 10, while 12, indicates the storage battery and 13, the lamps or other
translating devices. The coil b, of the dynamo is connected to the wires 9, 10), as
shown, so that a constant current from the storage battery will flow therethrough.
One commutator brush t, connects to the contacts 6, and the other to the
contacts 5. One of the contacts 3, leads direct to the wire or main 10, while the
other is connected to the other main through the coil a, and the contacts 14, of
the electro-magnetic switch when said contacts are closed by the action of the
magnets.
16, is a switch lever which carries a stud or contact adapted to complete the
circuit at 14, in obvious manner thereby allowing the current from the armature to
flow through coil a, to the main line, through the coarse wire coils 17, of an electro-
magnet, the office of which is to hold the switch lever closed when it has been once
operated to close the connection 14.
In a branch independent of the main circuit is a coil 18, which operates to
polarize the switch in the manner to be presently described and further serves to
The branch in
initially operate the same to cause it to complete connection at 14.
which the coils 18, are included is taken, as shown, from one wire 10, to the wire
leading to the coil a, so that when the machine starts into operation and the pole
changer makes the connection between the contacts 3, and contacts 6 and 5, the
current from the armature may flow through the pole changer, the coils a, the
coils 18, of the magnet, and back through the pole changer to the armature.

page_text: Coil 18, is applied upon the end of lever 16, in a manner to develop a pole.
opposite the pole of the magnet 17. When, therefore, the current flows in coil 18,
to sufficient degree to overcome the retracter of the switch, the armature will be
drawn up. The magnet whose coils are indicated at 17, will now be energized and
by proper winding of the coils so as to develope a pole the opposite to that
developed by coils 18, the switch will be strongly held in position by the attraction
of such opposite poles. Should, however, at any time, the current from the
battery 12, flow in reverse direction through coils 17, to coils a, and armature, the
pole of the magnet will be reversed and repel the switch so as to open the circuit
and protect the armature of the machine.
It will be noticed that the connection of the coil 18, from the main circuit is
taken at a point between the pole changer and the storage battery or in other
words at such point that the current will always flow in the same direction through
the coil 18, and give the required constant polarity in the polarized switch so that
the discharge or back flow of current through it from the battery will produce a
positive repulsive effect or effect in the opposite direction to that which is required
to close the switch. Hence, should the switch be closed by hand or accidentally
when the dynamo is at rest the back flow of current in coil 17, will immediately
forcibly repel the switch and open the circuit.
It will be understood that this action is independent of any mere weakening of
current which might take place on the main as the armature speed slows down, and
is also independent of any position in which the pole changer may be when the
discharge takes place.
On the other hand the main coil being in a portion of the circuit where the
discharge current may flow in an opposite direction to the charging current,
the reversal of current therein will reverse the polarity and cause the repulsion.
When at any time the direction of rotation of the armature is changed which,
as is well understood, would change the polarity of current delivered from the
armature T, the frictional switch described will reverse its position so that, although
the current may be delivered in opposite direction from the armature, it will
nevertheless flow always in the same direction through the coil a, which may,
therefore, in the travel of the car in either direction operate in proper manner as
the compensating coil to keep the electro-motive force constant.
The general operation is, briefly speaking, as follows:-
When the car is at rest the parts may be in the position shown in the diagram or
the pole changer may stand in the position in which it was left when the car came
to rest. When the car begins. to move the armature begins to revolve in the field
produced by the coil b, and begins to deliver current through the coil a, and the
coil 18, the pole changer operating as already explained to determine the direction
of the current's flow. As the speed of the armature rises the voltage rapidly rises,
since as already explained, the current in the coil a, is not at first sufficient to
overcome the surplus magnetizing power of the coil b, and the field remains at
saturation. When, however, the armature reaches a certain speed which may,
if desired correspond to a car speed of twenty miles an hour, the current in the
coil a, and 18, will have risen to such an extent that the switch will be operated to
close the connection between the machine and the external circuit 9, 10, and the
current now flowing in the coil a, will be practically the same as the surplus
maguetizing current of the coil b. Hence the field magnetism at this critical speed
of twenty miles an hour will be practically that of saturation subject to being
decreased in amount if the current in.coil a, increases.
Now, if the speed rises beyond twenty miles an hour, it is obvious that with an
increased armature speed the electro-motive force of the armature and the current
on the circuit would rise if the field magnetism be maintained at the saturated
amount, but for the reasons already explained, the current in the coil a, now becomes
sufficient to begin to cut down the field magnetism so that, although there may be
a greater armature speed, the field magnetism will be less and hence the same
electro-motive force will be developed. The action of the coil a, is, therefore, to

page_text: preserve the constant electro-motive force of the ar nature at all speeds above the
desired critical or adjusted speed and its practical effect is to absolutely prevent
any dangerous increase in voltage however fast the car may move.
When the car comes to a stop, it is quite obvious that the current from the
battery 12, will tend to discharge itself through the coil 17, but as before explained
the switch being a polarized switch polarized by the action of coil 18, the switch
will be immediately opened by the repulsive effect.
The action of switch H, is, as will be seen, to close the circuit when the desired
speed has been reached in the armature.
The pole changer may be worked automatically by other mechanism or by other.
means as, for instance, by electro-magnets responsive to reversals in the direction
of the currents delivered by the armature. This is illustrated in the diagram Fig. 6,
in connection with a modified arrangement of pole changer contacts.
While this part of the invention is chiefly useful in connection with dynamo
machines whose armatures are subject to reversals of direction in turning, it is also
in some respects applicable to other sources of electricity and in such case
provides a safe-guard against mistake in coupling the source to the working
circuit wherever it is necessary that the current should flow on such circuit in a
particular direction.
F, F, indicate terminals of the current reversing or pole changing device to
which the working circuit 9, 10, may be connected.
The connections from the dynamo armature T, or other source to the pole
changer, are indicated by the numeral 33. The pole changer or current reverser
itself may be of any desired construction, but it is preferred to construct it as
berein illustrated, since it is thereby enabled to avoid carrying the circuit through
bearings of the apparatus.
The positive and negative terminals of the source T, are connected by wires 33,
to the poles G', G', of the pole changer, as shown. The poles or terminals G*, are
connected respectively with pairs of springs 27, 28.
The poles or terminals F2, F, connect respectively with pairs of springs 25, 26.
The connection of the springs is made by means of contacts H', mounted as shown
on lever I', and insulated from one another. Each contact H³, consists preferably
of a number of metal laminæ secured to a stud projection from lever I', and adapted
to enter the space between two of the springs for the purpose of completing the
connection between them.
In the position of pole changer shown, the current will flow from one terminal of
armature T, by means of springs 27 and 25, to the exterior working circuit and
return by way of springs 26 and 28, back to the other terminal of the machine.
In the other position of the switch the current will flow from the opposite terminal
of the machine by way of the other two springs 27 and 25, to the same pole of the
exterior circuit and back to the other terminal by way of springs 26 and 28.
Hence as will be seen, should the polarity of the current delivered from armature T,
change, and the pole changer be at the same time reversed, the current will always
flow in the same direction over the exterior or working circuit. This change in
the direction of the flow of current from the armature T, over the exterior or
working circuit will occur, obviously, if the direction of rotation of the armature
be changed through reversal of its driving power, as, for instance, in the case of an
armature driven from a car axle.
The pole changer is governed or operated by a polarized electro-magnetic
controller which may consist of an electro-magnetic device of any desired description
constructed to respond to reversals of current, as well understood by electricians.
A convenient and powerful form of device for this purpose is illustrated in the
drawings and consists of an electro-magnet L, mounted upon and firmly secured
to the lever I, and adapted to play between two other electro-magnets P, P', the
poles of the several magnets being presented to cue another, as shown, and the
magnetic polarities of P and P¹, being so adjusted that their poles presented to

page_text: the poles of L, will be of the same sign thereby causing repulsion on one side and
attraction on the other side of the magnet L.
The polarities existing and effective in throwing the pole changer or reverser
into the position shown and holding it in such position, are indicated by the
letters n, s.
The constant or uniform polarization of the apparatus which causes the reversal
of movement under reversal of current flow, may be maintained by supplying
current to the coils P, P¹, from any desired source which will supply current
always in the same direction.
For convenience and also for the purpose of making the device effective under
certain conditions, it is preferable to supply the coils P, P¹, from the exterior of
working circuit 9, 10, as indicated by the finer line 44. This same circuit 44, may
include also the coil which energizes the field magnet B³, of the machine. This
is, however, a matter simply of convenience as the field might be fed from any
suitable source which will insure its having always the same polarity when the
machine starts into operation.
To render the device responsive to changes in the direction of current delivered
from armature T, the coils of the magnet L, are connected to the terminals of said
armature in any suitable manner. By preference they are connected in a branch
across said terminals independent of the circuit 33, but the invention is not confined
to such special connection, the only requisite being that the device should respond
to the reversal in the polarity of the currents supplied from T, as, for instance,
when its direction of rotation is reversed.
it
Assuming that the source T, is one the polarity of which is always the same,
will be obvious that a useful purpose is subserved by charging the magnets P, P¹,
from the circuit 9, 10. Thus, for instance, if in connecting the circuit 9, 10, to the
terminals F, F, the connections should be reversed, the direction of current flow
on the circuit 9, 10, from the source T, will be immediately rectified by reason of
the fact that the magnetic polarity of magnets P, P, will change. As the
magnet L, which is connected directly to the source retains its polarity, the current
reverser will be shifted over thus causing the current to flow in proper direction
over the circuit 9, 10.
The normal operation, however, in the case of the application of the device to a
dynamo armature T, which is subject to change in its direction of rotation, requires
that the polarity of P, P¹, should be constant. This constancy is obtained by the
connection of said coils to the circuit 9, 10, where they will be fed with current
from the storage battery 12, when the armature is out of action or when its
potential is not of the proper amount to cause it to be connected to the
circuit 9, 10.
By the use of this electro-magnetic pole changing switch in connection with the
electro-magnetic switch H, for connecting the dynamo to the battery when
the required voltage for charging is reached, there is provided an exceedingly
-effective and simple combination of devices adapted for use with dynamos driven
from car axles and supplying storage batteries and by such combination dispense
entirely with the use of mechanical rotating devices analogous to steam engine
governors and adjusted to operate at critical speeds as heretofore proposed in the art
-of train lighting.
The general operation of the apparatus, arranged as shown in Fig. 6, would be
as follows:-
When the machine is at rest the main circuit or circuit supplied from the
.armature is open at the switch 14, the pole changer C³, stands in either of its two
extreme positions, or in an intermediate position, the magnets P, P³, are charged
over the circuit 44, from the battery 12. When the machine starts into operation
the current from its armature flows through the coil 18, and also flows through the
coil of electro-magnet L. The direction of its flow through coil 18, will obviously
depend upon the position of the switch C, and upon the direction in which the

page_text: armature rotates, while the direction of its flow in coil L, will depend simply upon.
the direction of rotation of the armature.
The adjustment of the parts is such that the polarized electro-magnetic controller
for the current reverser will respond to a less voltage than the switch to which the
coil 18, is applied. If the pole changer at the start is in the proper position, it is.
obvious that no effect will be produced by the current flowing in coil L, excepting
in the way of maintaining the switch in that position. If, however, the pole
changer is required to change its position, then the action will be to reverse the-
position of the switch thus reversing the current connections so that the current
flowing from the dynamo armature to the circuit 9, will be in proper direction..
This will result in a momentary reversal of the current which began to flow in.
coil 18, but as the switch in the main circuit has not yet changed its position,
owing to insufficient voltage, no harmful action will result. When, however, the
armature has attained the desired speed, then the switch will operate and close
the circuit at 14, the current now flowing in proper direction over such circuit from
the armature.
If at any time the armature should reverse its rotation, the current reverser C³,.
will reverse its position owing to the action of the reversed current in coil L, so-
that now, although the direction of current delivered from the armature T, to the
circuit 33, may be reversed, the current will nevertheless. flow over the circuit 9, 10,
in the original direction. As the coil a, is placed in the portion of the circuits.
governed by the current reverser C, it is obvious that the said coil will still
exercise its effect of opposing the magnetism developed by the coil in the
circuit 44.
When the electro-magnetic pole changer described is used in connection with a
dynamo subject to reversal of rotation, it is necessary that the latter should be
separately or independently excited instead of self-excited. If the machine were
self-exciting it is obvious that the magnetic polarity would be dependent upon the
direction of rotation of current in its field coil. When the machine reversed its
rotation the direction of current would be that due to the remnant magnetism but
the direction of current developed thereby before the pole changer changed!.
position would be such as to kill the remnant magnetism. Instead of building up,-
therefore, the machine would kill its own field as it began to rotate and the pole
changer would not remedy the difficulty because the machine would be killed before-
it developed current enough to operate the pole changer.
From the foregoing description it will be obvious that under some conditions of
use, the constantly polarized element of the polarized controller shown might be
the coil L, and the element in which the current changes to reverse the action.
might be the coils P, P', while under other conditions the current will reverse in L,.
and remain constant in direction in P, P¹.
While I have described the polarization as effected by means of an electric coil,.
it will be obvious to electricians that it might be secured in other ways, as well
understood in the art, and also that the construction might be varied largely
without departing from the invention.
In the application of the invention to car lighting the dynamo is constructed so.
that the brushes of the commutator of the armature shall have a zero lead and no
readjustment of the same be required when the dynamo armature reverses its.
direction of revolution through the reversal in the direction of travel of the car.
By using a dynamo of this kind it is obvious that the armature may remain.
positively coupled to the car axle or other reversible source of power, and the use
of belt shifters or other mechanical devices to cause the armature to always revolve
in the same direction may be avoided. The reversing switch, having a controlling
magnet properly coupled to the circuits of the armature so as to reverse the
connections thereof with a storage battery, takes the place of any mechanical
reversing mechanism and by automatically changing the position of the switch with
every change in the direction of rotation of the dynamo armature shaft causes the

page_text: frent from the dynamo to always pass in the same direction through the
storage battery.
It will be obvious that this combination of devices is applicable to any case where
the source of power reverses its direction of rotation.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what [
claim is :-
1. The combination with a working circuit containing lamps or other translating
devices, of a storage battery, fed from said working circuit and a self-regulating
dynamo feeding said working circuit, said dynamo having a field exciting coil
fed from the battery or other suitable source and an opposing field coil in the
connection from the armature to the working circuit.
2. The combination with a dynamo machine having a compensating coil in the
direct circuit with the armature which tends to cut down the field magnetism, of a
reversible power, and a pole changer responsive to the reversal, and connected int>>
the circuit between the armature and said compensating coil.
3. The combination, substantially as described, of a dynamo, a variable speed
driving power therefor, a storage battery connected to the armature, a field
exciting coil connected thereto and adapted to furnish a magnetizing influence
above that necessary to saturate the field magnet, and an opposing coil for cutting
down the electro-motive force of the armature, said opposing and exciting coils
being related as described so that the supermagnetizing power of the exciting coil
will be overcome when the armature reaches the desired critical speed beyond
which the electro-motive force is to be kept constant.
4. The combination, substantially as described, on a railway car, of a dynamo
electric machine mounted on the car truck and driven from the car axle, a storage
battery connected across the supply wires leading from the armature, a field
exciting coil for said machine fed from the storage battery, and a compensating
opposing field coil in the circuit of the armature, as and for the purpose described.
5. The combination, substantially as described, of a dynamo machine, a variable
speed driving power therefor, a storage battery, an electro-magnetic switch
controlling the connection thereof with the dynamo, the compensating coil on said
dynamo in the main circuit with the armature thereof for adjusting the voltage
thereof to the changes of speed, and a branch circuit from the main circuit to the
battery, containing a controlling coil of said switch, as and for the purpose
described.
6. The combination, substantially as described, of a dynamo armature with or
without a storage battery, a current reverser in the connection between the
armature and the battery, or with other apparatus, and a polarized electro-magnetic
controller responsive to changes in the direction of the current of the armature
when the rotation of the latter is reversed, and a field magnet separately excited
from the battery or other source at the time the current begins to flow in the said
controller, as and for the purpose described.
7. The combination, substantially as described, of a dynamo machine, an opposing
or compensating coil which cuts down the field magnetism when the speed of the
armature rises, a pole changer between said coil and the armature of the machine,
and a polarized electro-magnetic controller governing the position of said reverser
and responsive to changes in the direction of rotation of the armature.
8. The combination of a dynamo having a zero lead for its commutator, a storage
battery charged thereby, a reversible driving power, an electro-magnetic switch
controlling the connection of the armature and battery and responsive to a
predetermined rise in voltage, and an electro-magnetic pole changing switch
between the battery and armature responsive to change in the direction of the
armature current on reversal of direction of driving.
9. The combination, substantially as described, of a storage battery, a dynamo

page_text: armature, a pole changer or reverser between the battery and armature, and an
actuating or controlling magnet for said reverser having one coil connected directly
to the armature between said armature and reverser so as to carry a current whose
direction depends upon the direction of rotation of the armature, and another or
polarizing coil connected to the circuit between the pole changer and the battery.
10. The combination, substantially as described, of a dynamo, a storage battery,
an electro-magnetic switch for controlling the connection of the battery and
armature and adjusted to respond when the armature attains a predetermined
voltage, a current reverser between the armature and battery, and a polarized
electro-magnetic controller therefor responsive to changes in the direction of
current delivered from the armature and adjusted to operate at a voltage less than
that required for operating the first named switch.
Dated this 13th day of March 1894.
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent..