CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SILK VELVET AND OTHER SUCH PILED GOODS OR FABRICS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Adolphus Oppenheimer, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SILK VELVET AND OTHER SUCH PILED GOODS
OR FABRICS."
Sealed the 6th March 1854, and dated the 31st December 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Adolphus Oppenheimer
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st December 1853.
I, ADOLPHUS OPPENHEIMER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SILK VELVET AND OTHER SUCH PILED
GOODS OR FABRICS" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in manufacturing velvets with a silk pile woven as
weft, and in such a manner that I am enabled to cut the pile the length way
of the piece when woven, in contradistinction to the ordinary way of manu-
facturing silk velvets, the pile of which has hitherto been woven as warp over
wires to form the loop or terry, and afterwards cut in the loom the cross way
of the piece.
This new method of manufacturing silk velvet is very similar to that
employed at present in weaving cotton velvets, only with this difference, that
in weaving this silk velvet, two or more shuttles are employed for putting in
the weft threads, namely, one or more containing the bobbin with the "binding"

page_text: threads, which may consist of cotton, linen, wool, spun silk, silk, or any other
textile material, and the other containing the bobbin, with the silk alone,
which afterwards when cut will constitute the pile. The manner of disposing
or arranging the threads is similar to that which has hitherto been adopted in
weaving common cotton velvets, velveteens, cords, &c., and it is immaterial
whether the silk is also used as the "binding" thread, and woven with a single
shuttle, if preferred, or otherwise.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Adolphus Oppenheimer in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 30th June 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ADOLPHUS
OPPENHEIMER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS -Her-most-Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Thirty-first day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the seventeenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Adolphus Oppenheimer, Her especial license that I, the said
Adolphus Oppenheimer, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Adolphus Oppenheimer, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SILK VELVETS AND
OTHER SUCH PILED GOODS OR FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that
T, the said Adolphus Oppenheimer, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Adolphus Oppenheimer, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-

page_text: My Invention consists in manufacturing velvets with a silk pile woven as
weft, and in such a manner that I am enabled to cut the pile the length way
of the piece when woven, in contradistinction to the ordinary way of manufac-
turing silk velvets, the pile of which has hitherto been woven as warp over
wires to form the loop or terry, and afterwards cut in the loom the cross way of
the piece of goods. This new method of manufacturing silk velvet is very
similar to that employed at present in weaving cotton velvets, only with this
difference, that in weaving this silk velvet two or more shuttles are employed
for putting in the weft threads, namely, one or more containing the bobbin
with the binding threads, which may consist of cotton, linen, wool, spun silk,
or silk, or any other textile material, and the other or others containing the
bobbin with the silk alone, which afterwards when cut will constitute the pile.
The manner of disposing or arranging the threads is similar to that which has
hitherto been adopted in weaving common cotton velvets, velveteens, cords, &c.,
and it is immaterial whether the silk is also used as the binding thread or
threads, and woven with a single shuttle, if preferred, or otherwise, or whether
the cloth or ground is woven as usual or diagonally as twill, or any other
ground for the back, if found suitable. When the velvet is woven it
may be
stiffened, suitably cut, dressed, dyed, if required, and finished by ordinary
processes. The method of weaving the above description of silk velvet is as
follows-The binding thread or threads weave plain calico or taffeta ground,
or twill or any other ground for the back, if found suitable; the pile thread or
threads pass under one warp thread and float over any required number of
warp threads, according to the length of the pile required when cut; the pile
so manufactured is to be cut in the middle, in the ordinary way as in cutting
common cotton velvet, and it will be evident there may be as many repetitions
of this pile as required; the pile thread need not pass under only one warp
thread, but it may, if required, also pass under two or more warp threads, in
order to make the binding or fastening of such pile, or the ground of the cloth,
more secure, in a similar manner as silk velvets are now commonly made when
cut with wires across the piece, as in ordinary practice.
Having thus particularly described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, (which, from the above description, will be
perfectly evident to the practical weaver), I desire it to be understood that I
claim as of my Invention, the novel manufacture of silk velvet, or other
such plain piled goods or fabrics (not being fancy plush or plush, as my
improvements apply to velvet only, either plain, fancy, or striped, with a silk
pile woven as weft, and in such a manner that I am enabled to cut the pile
the length way of the piece of goods (or in the line of direction of the warp)

page_text: when woven, in contradistinction to the ordinary way of manufacturing silk
velvet, the pile of which has hitherto always been woven as warp, and after-
wards cut the cross way of the piece of goods, or in the line of direction of
the weft.
In witness whereof, I, the said Adolphus Oppenheimer, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Twenty-ninth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
ADOLPHUS OPPENHEIMER. (L.S.)