Improved Oil or Gas Engine, applicable for use in the Propulsion of Vehicles.
Year: 1896

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Oil or Gas Engine, applicable for use in the Propulsion of
Vehicles.
a
ミリ
I, FRANK LISTER of Keighley in the County of York, Consulting Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
That is to say In the application of motor engines of the type wherein oil or
gas is used as the power generating medium, for the purpose of propelling vehicles
it is found that the successive explosions therein, set up or produce considerable,
vibrations in said vehicles, while most undesirable odours are evolved and
disagreeable noises engendered.
To produce an engine by which these disadvantages will be mitigated if not
entirely obviated so rendering it eminently applicable for use in connection with
and for the propulsion of vehicles is the object of this invention, and this object
I attain by making use of a cylinder formed to receive two pistons arranged to
operate simultaneously but in opposite directions, these being coupled by levers,
reds and parts, so that they will impart motion to the fly or balance wheel of the
engine.
By the employment of these pistons and by arranging them so that the explosion
of the motor substance shall take place between them one acts as the abutment
for the expanding gases to press against while forcing or propelling the other,
thus the tendency that one piston has to move its supporting parts in one direc-
tion are counteracted by that which the other piston has to move them in the
opposite direction.
I arrange the several valves for controlling the admission of the air and oil or
gas to be worked or operated by cam mechanism and at such times relatively with
the motions of the pistons that said air is drawn into the cylinder during only a
portion of the stroke, the admission valves being then closed while the pistons
continue to recede from each other, thus causing the admitted air to expand or
become more rarefied. When gas is being used I might either admit it at the
same time that the air is being admitted or after and during the time such air
is being rarefied. While when oil is being used this latter time of admission is
preferably followed since at such time the vaporization of the oil will be con-
siderably assisted by the rarefaction of the air and the two will become more
thoroughly intermixed.
The compression of the air and gas or vaporized oil is effected by the return of the
piston, on which their ignition takes place and the pistons are again forced apart,
the expansion of the gases of explosion being allowed to extend to the full strokes
of both pistons by which means as they are thus permitted to expand to a large
volume compared with their original one, their exhaust pressure is reduced and
so the noises produced by their escape are less disagreeable than is usually the
case. However to further deaden such noises I entirely close the outer end of the
exhaust pipe which at this part may or may not be of an enlarged diameter while
I make lateral openings at some distance from said closed end, through which
openings the escaping gases may pass, thus when these gases are rushing along the
exhaust pipe the air at the outer enclosed part will act as a cushion for it, firstly
receiving said gases and then causing them to return to escape by the lateral
Loneninorg

page_text: The governor for controlling the speed of the engine, I arrange to be operated
by a horizontal shaft upon which it is mounted such governor consisting of a
system of levers carrying weights which by the rotary motions of the shaft may
be forced or thrown from said shaft, but which are further arranged so that the
weight on one end of any respective lever is counteracted so far as gravity is con-
cerned by the weight on the other end of the same lever, and thus any vertical or
other vibratory motions of the vehicle will not interfere to prevent such governing
weights from performing their functions as desired, so that the admission of the
oil or gas is made to depend upon the speed of the engine.
In connection with the engine constructed as above described I use either tube
or electric igniting devices, but preferably the latter which I carry into effect
as follows.
I firstly have a primary battery of sufficient magnitude to give desired results
for a sufficient length of time to run the engine in order that by it I may drive a
dynamo and charge a secondary battery, on which such secondary battery is requisi-
tioned for ignition purposes and the primary battery is switched off. Or in place
of the primary battery being employed in the first instance, I may have an ignition,
tube or lamp to start and run the engine until it can charge the secondary battery.
The battery, the dynamo, and the lamp are arranged so as to he entirely under the
centrol of the user of the vehicle, or they may be arranged to be automatically
brought into or put out of use as occasion requires by properly constructed gauges
and other governing or controlling devices.
Dated this 23rd day of September 1896.
FRANK LISTER,
Per Samuel Hey,
Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Oil or Gas Engine, applicable for use in the Propulsion of
Vehicles.
I, FRANK LISTER of Keighley in the County of York, Consulting Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to he
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
That is to say: In the application of motor engines of the type wherein oil or
gas is used as the power generating medium, for the purpose of propelling vehicles
it is found that the successive explosions therein set up or produce considerable
vibrations in said vehicles, while most undesirable odours are evolved and
disagreeable noises engendered.
To produce an engine by which these dis-advantages will be mitigated if not
entirely obviated so rendering it eminently applicable for use in connection with
and for the propulsion of vehicles is the object of this invention and this object
I attain by the construction and arrangement of parts in combination as
illustrated by the accompanying sheets of drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a view of an engine constructed in accordance with my invention
and as seen from above.
Fig. 2 is an elevation of the engine, illustrated by Fig. 1 as seen in the direction
indicated by the arrow a.
Fig. 3 is a transverse section on line A B of parts shown by Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a horizontal section on line C D of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5.is a sectional view, enlarged scale, showing the valve arrangement.

page_text: Figs. 6 and 7 are sectional drawings illustrating my improved means for silencing
the exhaust.
In carrying my invention into effect I make use of a cylinder b formed to receive
two pistons cc arranged to operate simultaneously. but in opposite directions,
these being coupled by levers d'd' and rods e el and f f to the double crank g so
that they will impart motion to the fly wheel h, which correspond with the driving
disc described in the specification of my Letters Patent No. 7668 of 1896 in which
it is marked t and the mounting of the motor herein is the same as that set forth,
in said specification numbered 7668 of 1896.
By the employment of these pistons ce and by thus arranging them so that the
explosion of the motor substance shall take place or expend its force between them,
one acts as the abutment for the expanding gases to press against while forcing or
propelling the other, by which means the tendency that one piston has to move
its supporting parts in one direction are counteracted by that which the other,
piston has to move them in the opposite direction.
I arrange the several valves as those at k and m for controlling the admission
of the air and oil or gas respectively, to be worked or operated by cam mechanism
as that at n and at such times relatively with the motions of the pistons c d that
said air is drawn into the cylinder during only a portion of the stroke, its valve-k
being then closed while the pistons ce continue to recede from each other, thus
causing the admitted air to expand or become more rarefied. When gas is being.
used I might either admit it through its valve m at the same time that the air
is being admitted or after and during the time such air is being rarefied. While,
when oil is being used this latter time of admisson is preferably followed since
a such time the vaporization of the oil will be considerably assisted by the
rarefaction of the air and the two will become more thoroughly intermixed.
The compression of the air and gas or vaporized oil is effected by the return of
the pistons cc, on which the ignition of said explosive mixture takes place and
these said pistons are again forced apart, the expansion of the gases of explosion
being allowed to extend to the full strokes of both pistons by which means as they.
are thus permitted to expand to a large volume compared with their original one,
their exhaust pressure is reduced and so the noises produced by their escape are
less disagreeable than is usually the case. However to further deaden such noises,
I entirely close the outer end 7 of the exhaust pipe 7 see Figs. 6 and 7, which at
this part may be of an enlarged diameter as shown by Fig. 6 or it may be of the
shape shown by Fig. 7, while I make lateral openings r at some distance from
said end p', through which openings the escaping gases may pass, thus when
these gases are rushing along the exhaust pipe ? the air at the outer enclosed part
will act as a cushion for it, firstly receiving said gases and then causing them to
return to escape by the lateral openings r.
The governor for controlling the speed of the engine, I arrange to operate
by a horizontal shafts (deriving its motion from any motor part of the engine as
fiom the cam wheel n by the friction disc s¹) uron which it is mounted such
governor consisting of a system of levers tu pivotted to the shaft s at carrying
weights 2, 3, 4 and 5 which by the rotary motions of the shaft s may be forced
or thrown therefrom, but which are further arranged so that the weight as at 2
er that at 4 on one end of the levert or of the lever u is counterbalanced, so far as
the actions of gravity are concerned, by the weight 3 or by the weight 5,
on the
other end of said lever or respectively, thus any vertical or other vibratory
motions of the engine or of the vehicle upon which the said engine is mounted,
will not interfere to prevent such governing weights 2, 3, 4 and 5 from performing
their functions as desired, so that the admission of the oil or gas, as through the
valve w (which is directly coupled to, so as to be operated or controlled by the
governor, by means of the rod, lever y sliding part z and links z z²), is made to
depend upon the speed of the engine.
In connection with the engine constructed as above described I use either tube
or electric igniting devices, but preferably the latter which is herein the only one

page_text: shown, the current being arranged to pass through the part 6 insulated at 7 from
the engine while the other part 8 is in direct connection with the metal parts of
the engine.
The arrangement of the electric igniting devices 'which may be any of well;
known construction, I purpose carrying out as follows:
I firstly have a primary battery of sufficient magnitude to give desired results
for a sufficient length of time to run the engine in order that hy it I may drive
a dynamo and charge a secondary battery, on which such secondary battery is
requisitioned for ignition purposes and the primary battery is switched off.
in place of the primary battery being employed in the first instance I may have
an ignition tube or lamp to start and run the engine until it can charge the
secondary battery. The battery, the dynamo, and the lamp are arranged so as to
be entirely under the control of the user of the vehicle, or they may be arranged'
to be automatically brought into or put out of use as occasion requires by properly
constructed gauges and other governing or controlling devices.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-:
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. In combination with a vehicle, an oil or gas engine having its motor parts,
constructed and arranged to operate substantially as herein specified.
2. In an oil or gas motor engine, the several parts for controlling the supply.
of said oil or gas and air to same constructed and arranged to operate in combina-.
tion substantially as herein specified.
3. In an engine for the propulsion of a vehicle, electrical mechanism arranged
to be used for igniting the explosive mixture in said engine and means for gene-
rating and maintaining the supply of electricity thereto, the same being arranged
in combination substantially as herein specified.
4. In combination with the motor of a vehicle, governing mechanism;
constructed and arranged to operate substantially as herein specified.
5. In a vehicle propelled by a motor engine governing mechanism for controlling
the speed of said engine the same being constructed and arranged to operate
substantially as set forth.
6. In combination with an oil gas or like explosive motor engine an exhaust
pipe constructed to retain certain of the gases or air to form a cushion for those
gases discharged from the cylinder of said engine substantially as herein specified.
Dated this 23rd day of June 1897.