IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP OR SAPONACEOUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Dumont Pallier, of Broad Street, Lambeth, in the
County of Surrey, Grease Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
Sealed the 11th December 1855, and dated the 16th June 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Dumont Pallier at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
June 1855.
I, DUMONT PALLIER, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP OR SAPONACEOUS SUBSTANCES " to be
as follows:
I'use
I would observe that a double process is requisite in making the soap or
saponaceous material of my Invention. Firstly, I effect saponification of
greases or fats with alkalis in an ordinary cauldron or boiler, heated by fire in
the usual manner; but I use an excess of alkali, say, from five to ten per cent.,
according to the quality of the soap to be manufactured. This excess I neu-
tralize by the admixture of my second preparation. Secondly, I prepare a paste,
composed of vegetable flour of any description, such as wheat, rice, potatoes,
millet, &c. and milk. This flour I mix in the proportion of about three parts
of milk to one of flour, and to this may be added about six per cent. of car-
bonate of soda and one per cent of -resin-for-certain-descriptions of soap.
The paste being well mixed or made is poured into a cauldron (and I prefer

page_text: this cauldron to be heated by steam, so as to guarantee the mixture from
scorching), and heated nearly to or nearly to boiling point, which being done
the contents of the second cauldron should be mixed with those of the first in
the proportion of about thirty per cent. of the former to seventy of the latter.
I prefer the mixing to take place (where convenient) in the cauldron heated by
steam. The mixing being complete, the heat is reduced and the soap passed
into moulds and perfumed (when required) in the ordinary manner. Instead
of pure milk, milk and water may be used, but the results will be poorer, and
I merely mention this to show that it has not escaped my attention and
manipulation. When I desire to make a soft soap, or material proper for
lubricating journals of railway carriages or other moving parts of machinery, I'
effect saponification in a less degree, and add the mixture or paste described
in the manner described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Dumont Pallier in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th
December 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DUMONT
PALLIER, of Broad Street, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, Grease
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Dumont Pallier, Her especial license that I, the said Dumont Pallier, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Dumont
Pallier, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SOAP OR SAPONACEOUS SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I,,the said Dumont Pallier, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and.in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be, filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
mouths next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Dumont Pallier, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
In the manufacture of soap I proceed in a great measure in the ordinary
manner, and my departure therefrom and the new combination I employ in
such manufacture will be made perfectly clear in my Specification. The object
of my Invention is to economize in the cost of manufacture of soap, to increase
its durability in use, and to obtain soaps of better quality.
My first preparation consists in saponifying the materials, such as oils, grease,
fats, and others, according to the qualities of soap required. These materials
are placed in an ordinary cauldron, and boiled or heated by an open fire or
furnace; and the use of the ordinary alkali, the lees being either precipitated,
or (which is the treatment I prefer) the said lees being retained in the saponi-
fied matter. Saponification of the oils, greases, or fats aforesaid having taken
place, the fire is extinguished, and the mass is emptied (by any means) into
another cauldron or vessel in order to be submitted to the second operation,
herein-after described; or should it be inconvenient to shift the mass to
another vessel (or otherwise desirable to avoid this extra operation), it may be
allowed to cool in the cauldron in which the saponification has taken place.
The cooling should be permitted to descend to 180 degrees of Farenheit. The
saponified material having been thus transferred from one cauldron to another,
or having been allowed to cool down to 180 degrees, as aforesaid, in the
cauldron or boiler in which they were first melted and saponified, I take a
mixture as follows, (say, for each 112 lbs. of saponified material or matter,)
sixteen pounds of vegetable farina or flour, nineteen pints of water, and one
pint of milk. This mixture is for ordinary soaps; but for finer sorts or toilet
soaps I use for each 112 lbs. of saponified mixture, nineteen pints of milk, one
pint of water, and sixteen pounds of farina or flour, the proportions being
varied according to the quality of soap required; about six per cent. of car-
bonate of soda and one per cent. of resin may be added for certain descriptions
of soap. This being well mixed together is thrown into the saponified matter.
This admixture being completed, the whole is run off into moulds in the usual
manner after it shall have been coloured and perfumed, or either, or without
being coloured or perfumed, as the quality of the soap produced may require,
or at the will of the manufacturer.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
I-carry the same-into-practical effect, I wish it to be distinctly-understood that
I do not confine myself to the exact proportions of the mixture of milk, water,

page_text: and flour, or farina (herein-before described) for mixing with the saponified
mass-or material, as such may be varied according to the quality of the soaps
to be produced; but I do claim the exclusive use of the said mixture or
combination of milk, water, and flour, or farina when used for the purposes of
manufacturing or making soap or saponified matters of any description.-
In witness whereof, I, the said Dumont Pallier, have hertofore" set iny
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and-fifty-five.
DUMONT PALLIER: (L.S.)
Witness,
JOHN GEDGE, Patent Agent,
4, Wellington Street South, Strand,
London..