matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A NEW AND IM- PROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR STOPPING RAILWAY TRAINS, AND THEREBY AVOIDING COLLISIONS AND OTHER DANGERS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michele Trentanove and Jean
Verdić at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 14th April 1875.
•
We, MICHELE TRENTANOVE, of 14, Alexander Sqre, Fulham Road,
and JEAN VERDIÉ, of 23, George Street, Hanover Sqrc., London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW AND IM-
PROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR STOPPING RAILWAY TRAINS, AND THEREBY
AVOIDING COLLISIONS AND OTHER DANGERS," to be as follows:-
By a new screw axles and nut screws acting as breaks on the inside
part of all the wheels simultaneously throughout the length of the train,
by this new style of breaks the wheels will all stop at once, and bring
the high speed of the trains to a standstill, and without more shock than
the appliance of ordinary break. The break power to be set in motion
by a wheel on the tender under the control of the engincer. An iron
tree running the whole length and under cach waggon, and bolted
together previous to departure, will cause the whole of the breaks to act
together, and thereby stop the velocity and weight of the train gained
by the revolving of the wheels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER OR WHEEL SKATES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Baker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
September 1875.
I, WILLIAM BAKER, of Bishopsgate, in the County of Middlesex, do'
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ROLLER OR WHEEL SKATES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in skates mounted on
rollers or wheels.
The improvements consist mainly in casting or fixing to the sole of
the skate a box for each pair of wheels, made of any suitablo material.
This box at the upper part nearest the sole is hollowed out, and a hole
or opening runs through the said casting to the bottom thereof. The axle
on which each pair of the wheels or rollers are fixed is furnished with a
seat on which the box rests in an inclined position, and through the
centre of the said seat an opening or hole is made corresponding with
the opening in the box, through which opening in the box and also the
axle a bolt is passed. The upper part of this bolt is furnished with a
cross plate or tongue which rests in the opening in the upper part of the

page_text: box, and the bolt passes down through the box and also the hole in the
seat on the axle, being fastened by a linch pin or nut, as desired. The
tongue or cross plate is on either sido provided with any suitable springs,
as, for instance, india-rubber or spiral.
The skate when furnished with the above arrangements allows of the
wheels or rollers, after radiating from the centre by means of the action
of the springs in the hollow of the box acting on the cross piece or
tongue attached to the bolt, to bring the wheels or rollers back to the
straight position.
If preferred, instead of having the opening at the upper part of the
box, same may be at the lower part, and on the seat of the axle a cross
piece or tongue is cast, on either side of which, working in the opening
in the box, are fitted india-rubber or other springs. The bolt in this
caso passes through the seat and cross piece through the box, and is
secured at the upper part of box by a linch pin or nut, as before 1
described.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF SLAUGHTERING, PREPARING, AND PACKING FRESH MEAT FOR EXPORTATION, IMPORTATION, AND SEA- GOING PURPOSES, AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Kennard Knott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
October 1875.
I, KENNARD KNOTT, of the City of London, in the County of Middle-
sex, Province of Ontario, Canada, Contractor, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF SLAUGHTERING,
PREPARING, AND PACKING FRESH MEAT FOR EXPORTATION, IMPORTATION, AND SEA-
GOING PURPOSES, AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
It consists of a stage A, and a series of traps or stalls B, in which the
animals are fixed for slaughtering, and afterwards slidden on a grating
for bleeding and conveyed by a pulley on to a tramway I¹ along the
building fronting the dressing stalls, each animal being drawn from the
tramway by means of a chain attached to a shaft. Another shaft K¹ on
top raises the carcass by another chain conveying it to another tramway
L where it is divided by a circular saw M. It then runs on an
elevated collecting car O to the refrigerator Q. Tramways run through
the whole length of this corresponding with tramways on the collector,
enabling the sides of meat to be run on wheel hooks L to the weighing
house outside when prepared. It is thenc ecarried to the hatchway of the

page_text: "
ship, where it passes on an elevator into the hold or ship's refrigerator'
which occupies the whole or any portion of the hull of the vessel, and is
fitted with iron uprights from the sides and bottom. A collector is
suspended from the top as shewn at T, and guided in grooves in the
sides of hatchway which collects the meat from the shelves of elevator,
sliding it down on a carrier T2, by which it is conveyed to any part of
the refrigerator by means of a suspended passage which is raised as the
hold fills up. The iron uprights with which the vessel is fitted have
holes formed in them to receive ends of bearers, supporting a series
of shelves on which the tiers of meat are packed.
The desired temperature is produced in the refrigerator on shore by
packing the sides and top with ice in chambers so arranged as to admit
the cold air as required through suitable openings. The same method
may be applied to lowering the temperature in ship's hold, or in place
of icc the required low temperature may be produced by means of a
box divided into compartments or vats with channels round them for
circulation of cold air. The vats are filled with ground ice and salt,
which will reduce the temperature in the channels below freezing.
This cold air is forced through a tube and passes out through apertures
in said tube, filling the refrigerator or hold, either of which during this
process will be made air-tight and protected from the outer air.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PER- AMBULATORS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Andrew Robinson and
William John Kendall at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 10th May 1875.
We, GEORGE ANDREW ROBINSON, of Stockport, in the County of
Chester, Accountant, and WILLIAM JOHN KENDALL, of Heaton Norris,
in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PER-
AMBULATORS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to certain improvements in perambulators and
invalid chairs, whereby the same may be moved or wheeled about by
means of a handle at the back as usual, or when desired by means of a
handle at the front of the body of the perambulator, and consists of the
following:-The back handle of the perambulator is attached as usual to
two bent or curved parts of iron or other convenient material, but these
irons instead of being fastened to the back of the perambulator as usual,
they are continued in a bent or conveniently curved form and supported
by suitable bearings, they pass under the body of the perambulator to
the front part of the same, where they are again connected by a second

page_text: handle. Either the back or front handle can be drawn up to the height
required for use, where it will be held securely by employing a spring
catch or spring catches, for the purpose of locking the bent connecting
irons or rods at any convenient place. If one of the handles is drawn
up for use the other out of use will be drawn back under the body of
the perambulator and nearly out of sight.
As it is often desirable to have a child or sick person sitting in a
perambulator or invalid chair in full sight, the management of the
vehicle from a front handle when desired will be found highly useful.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OF THE SLIPPING OF HORSES IN FROSTY WEATHER OR ON SLIPPERY PAVEMENTS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Myring at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
April 1875.
I, ОHARLES MYRING, of Brace Street, Walsall, in the County of
Stafford, Bridle Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OF THE
SLIPPING OF HORSES IN FROSTY WEATHER OR ON SLIPPERY PAVEMENTS," to be
as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists of so attaching to the harness or saddle a
receptacle for holding a quantity of ashes or any gritty substance, or a
mixture of any kind, to prevent the feet of the horse slipping upon ice,
snow, or any smooth roadway, such receptacle to be so made as to have
a communication with one or all of the horses' feet, to have apertures
controuled by springs and reins under the controul of the drivers so that
they may be operated upon without him leaving his seat.

page_text: The apparatus may be made as part of the harness, or entirely apart
from it.
A second part of my Invention consists in so arranging the apparatus
that the up-and-down motion of the foot of the horse shall liberate
sufficient of the material at each step for the purpose intended.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOKING-GLASS MOVEMENTS FOR CONTROLLING THE SWINGING OF LOOKING-GLASSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hampton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
September 1875.
I, THOMAS HAMPTON, of 14, Netley Street, Hampstead Road, in the
County of Middlesex, Cabinet Maker, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOKING-GLASS MOVEMENTS FOR
CONTROLLING THE SWINGING OF LOOKING-GLASSES," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention has for its object to simplify the construction of
looking-glass movements.
Heretofore the standards upon which looking-glasses have been swung
have each had fixed to them a plate with a short stem projecting from
it, carrying at its end a sphere. The sphere has been clipped in a metal
clip carried at the back of the looking-glass; this clip has been formed
of two parts, one part fixed and the other jointed to it at one end, whilst
at its opposite end it can be drawn towards the fixed part by means of a
and at its centre it has been formed with a hemispherical recess
screw,

page_text: to bear upon and clip the sphere so as to put sufficient friction upon it
that the glass may remain at any angle at which it may be placed.
According to my Invention I employ a sphere as heretofore fixed to
the standards, and at the back of the glass, on each side of it, I secure-a-
plate with a hollow cylindrical projection upon it at the back, which is
let into the woodwork of the frame of the glass. The back end of the
cylindrical projection is closed, whilst at the front it is open, and a screw
is screwed into it. A slot is formed down the side of the cylindrical
projection of sufficient width for the stem which carries the sphere to
pass through it. The sphere is received within the interior of the
cylindrical projection, and the screw is then screwed down so that its
end shall bear upon it, the end of the screw having a hollow recess
formed in it to fit against the sphere. By this means looking-glass
movements may be constructed at less cost than heretofore, and may
also be made neater in appearance.
In- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FIRE LIGHTERS FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Holmes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
June 1875.
I, FREDERICK HOLMES, of New Oross, in the County of Kent, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “In-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FIRE LIGHTERS FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES," to
be as follows :-
The object of the Invention is to dispense with the use of paper, and
by these fire lighters taking up a small space in packing these fire-
lighters can be readily stored for use.
The form of the fire lighter is produced by the use of 4 circular saws,
so placed that by an arrangement of the slide of the push piece upon
which the wood about to be sawn is placed the cuts are made so that
each one comes opposite a solid part of the wood, by which means
sufficient strength is retained to allow of its being packed and sent any ·
distance without injury. The putting together is done by driving a

page_text: thin nail or piece of wire through the centre, thus forming a pivot
which allows it to open. Some bass or other fibrous material is secured
by clinching the head of the nail or piece of wire, and resin, pitch, or
other combustible is applied to the superficies to render the mass readily
ignitible.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DIVING APPARATUS, USEFUL ALSO FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Roberts Boulcott at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th December 1875.
I, JOHN ROBERTS BOULCOTT, of Alcester, in the County of Warwick,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DIVING APPARATUS, USEFUL ALSO FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be
as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention refers to improvements in diving apparatus, useful
also for other purposes, such as descending mines or wells, by which the
air pump is dispensed with and the pressure on the diver's lungs is
avoided, and it consists in constructing a helmet which is surrounded
by a tube, at the lower part of which in communication with the mouth
and nostrils is a valve box or chamber containing two clack valves, one
ingress and the other egress. At the top of the helmet tube, and
separated from each other by a cut-off, are two tubes of any length to
reach to the top of the water or into pure air; one of these tubes is in
connection with the ingress valve by which air is drawn into the lungs,
and the other tube is in connection with the egress valve by which air is

page_text: ejected from the lungs. As the valve chamber is free to both the mouth
and the nostrils breathing may take place through either or both. The
valve chamber is also fitted with a cup covering an aperture which
is to be left open for the comfort of the wearer until he is ready
to take the water or to descend into foul atmosphere; when employed in
diving this helmet is to be used with any common diver's dress, but for
other purposes such as descending mines or wells the dress is not needed.
The same principle of the two tubes, one upcast and one downcast, I also
apply to any description of lamp to be used by divers, miners, or for
other like uses; in this case the clack valves may be dispensed with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INDICATORS USED FOR ASCERTAINING THE POWER OF STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Darke at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st June 1875.
I, Edward Thomas Darke, of No. 1; Brecknock Crescent, Camden
Road, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN INDICATORS USED FOR ASCERTAINING
THE POWER OF STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in indicators used for
ascertaining the power of steam engines. These indicators, as is well
known, consist of spring drums, which are caused to rotate partially to
and fro in unison with the motion of the piston of the engine. The
spring drum receives a paper on which a tracer marks, and the tracer
moves in accordance with the varying pressure of the steam in the
cylinder during the stroke. Thus a diagram is traced on the paper from
which the power of the engine is calculated.
The spring drum has to be connected with a moving part of the
engine having a suitable length of stroke by a string, which is wound
around the drum. At present the string has to be connected and dis-
connected each time a diagram is taken,
IMPROVEMENTS IN WOODEN STRUCTURES, AND IN THE UTILIZING OF WASTE MATERIAL EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugo Westman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
July 1875
I, HUGO WESTMAN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “ IMPROVEMENTS IN
WOODEN STRUCTURES, AND IN THE UTILIZING OF WASTE MATERIAL EMPLOYED
THEREFOR," to be as follows
-
The Invention relates to the construction of buildings composed of
wood, and is designed for the purpose of facilitating and expiditing the
erection of such structures, and also utilizing therefor such scraps or
pieces of timber known in the trade as "short ends," or pieces usually
converted into fire-wood, or the refuse of joiner's shops, the cuttings
obtained from the branches and squaring of English timber, and the
like
In utilizing such pieces of wood for the purpose and object of my
Invention I first shape them in sizes producing the least waste, each
piece forming a square, rectangular, or otherwise geometrically shaped
block. Theso blocks are then secured together by tonguing, grooving,

page_text: cementing, nailing, or screwing in layers or courses (similar to the
process employed when building with ordinary bricks) so as to fill in
the interstices or spaces formed between the uprights, braces, and frame-
work of the building, in which position they form solid walls which give
increased strength and stability to the whole structure.
Each block represents the thickness of the wall of which it composes
a part, and can be varied to suit the purpose and character of the
building, and also the climate in which such building is situated.
The walls when secured together in manner aforesaid require no
inside or outside boarding, so that the strength, quality, and substance
of each portion of the structure, such as the sills, wall plates, uprights,
braces, and the like, upon which stability of construction so much
depends, can be seen and examined. By this novel employment for
building purposes of wooden blocks decorative treatment is greatly
facilitated, as claborate panel work and geometrical designs can be
introduced at a trifling cost by merely arranging the blocks so as to
present different sized surfaces, projections, and clevations, according to
taste, which when stained and colored will produce novel and rich
designs.
The inside walls, if desired, can be boarded, plastered, painted, or
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOGIE ENGINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Francis Fairlie at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th May 1875.
I, ROBERT FRANCIS FAIRLIE, of Victoria Street, in the City of West-
minster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOGIE ENGINES," to be as follows:-
:-
My Invention has reference to those locomotives known as bogie
engines, that is to say, engines in which the fire-box, the boiler and
other usual parts, are mounted upon two swivelling trucks called bogie
frames, cach of which has one or more cylinders, supplied with steam
from the boiler, so that the said trucks and their adjuncts form two
distinct engines, which are each complete in themselves. And the
Invention relates to the mode or means of supplying or conveying steam
from the boiler to the engines of these bogie trucks. Hitherto the steam
has been conveyed from a point in or near the steam dome by pipes
carried outside the boiler, and terminating in the steam chests of the
engines on the bogie trucks; but this arrangement necessitates two or
more joints in the steam pipes, and the said pipes are much exposed to
the atmosphere.

page_text: Now according to this Invention I carry the steam pipe or pipes from
the bottom of the dome down either through the centre of the boiler
(the boiler tubes being suitably arranged for the purpose) or bent round
the tubes, and out at the bottom of the boiler through the bogie centre,
below which I connect the pipe by a ball-and-socket or other suitable
joint to a horizontal pipe, which goes direct to the steam chest on the
bogie truck, such joint being properly packed with metallic or other
packing in the usual manner. By this means only a single joint is
required, and a comparatively short length of the pipe is exposed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR WASHING WOOLLEN OR OTHER WOVEN OR FELTED FABRICS, ALSO FOR STIFFENING AND STAINING THE SAME
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Rhodes, Thomas
Brown Rhodes, and Joseph Roberts Stoney at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 24th April
1875.
We, BENJAMIN RHODES, THOMAS BROWN RHODES, and JOSEPH
ROBERTS STONEY, all of Armley, near Leeds, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR WASHING WOOLLEN OR OTHER WOVEN
OR FELTED FABRICS, ALSO FOR STIFFENING AND STAINING THE SAME,” to be as
follows:-
The object of our Invention is to produce a machine or apparatus for
washing woollen or other woven or felted fabrics much quicker and
better than by washing machines of ordinary construction, such machinery
or apparatus being also applicable for stiffening and staining woollen or
other woven fabrics.

page_text: two rollers, by preference one above the other, as in the ordinary
washing machine. In a corresponding position on each roller are pro-
vided a number of projecting rings; these may be composed of india-
rubber or other suitable flexible material.
The periphery of the rings may be hollowed out so as to compress the
outside edges of the material as it passes between them, thereby bringing
all parts of the material under equal pressure.
For the purpose of conducting the material between each pair of rings
we provide two cones placed in a vertical direction; the upper of these
cones is fitted so as to slide freely on its vertical shaft, so that its weight 1
rests upon the material as it passes between it and the other cone to the
wollows
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FIRE-BARS FOR FURNACES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Ezard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
September 1875.
I, CHARLES EZARD, of Bradford, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FIRE-BARS FOR FURNACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of fire-bars employed in
furnaces, aud the object of the Invention is to consume or prevent the
formation of smoke, and consequently to economize the amount of fuel
consumed.
I make the fire-bars hollow, and of a rectangular or other suitable
section. The front end of these fire-bars is open, and is let into the
front plate of the furnace below the door, so that the air can enter freely
therein. The back ends of the fire-bars are also open or perforated, and
are turned upwards so as to form a bridge (or they may be turned up in
front of the ordinary bridge), and thus it will be perceived that the air
entering freely into these hollow fire-bars and becoming heated will be
caused to impinge upon the smoke and other products of combustion at

page_text: the bridge immediately behind the grate, by which means the smoke
will be effectually consumed.
Openings are made in the fire-bars beneath the turned up part for the
convenience of cleaning out any ashes or dirt that may enter the same,
and a slide or other suitable means is applied to the front ends of the 5
bars for the purpose of regulating the amount of air admitted to the
interior of the bars, as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING, HEATING, AND REFRIGERATING FOR WASHING AIR, GASES, AND OTHER IMPURE PRODUCTS FROM CHEMICAL AND OTHER WORKS, ALSO FOR CHURNING AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stephens at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th August
1875.
I, JOHN STEPHENS, of Duke Street, Grosvenor Square, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING, HEATING, AND REFRIGERATING
FOR WASHING AIR, GASES, AND OTHER IMPURE PRODUCTS FROM CHEMICAL AND
OTHER WORKS, ALSO FOR CHURNING AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for ventilating,
heating, and refrigerating for washing air, gases, and other impure
products from chemical and other works, also for churning and other
similar purposes, and consists mainly in constructing a partitioned
casing with revolving cowls, in which blades or archimedian screws are
fitted. The pipe of one of the revolving cowls dips into liquid, and its
rotation draws up the liquid and distributes it in a spray or sheet over
the chamber in which the arms of the cowl travel round, the speed of
the rotation also dashing a portion of the liquid against the casing.
Above the cowl just referred to is another cowl, and its blades or

page_text: archimedian screws draw up air, gas, or fumes, as the case may be,
and distribute it or them by the arms which act within the upper
chamber in a similar manner to those in the lower one.
The air, gas, or fumes enter the lower chamber through properly
protected apertures, which may be provided with medicated or other
wool or material to strain it in the passage; the air, gas, or fumes then
pass through the water or other liquid, and become washed thereby
before entering the upper chamber under the sucking action of the
archimedian screw therein, from the arms of whose cowl it or they is or
are ejected in a purified or clean state, and in some cases inodorous.
When washing fumes, gas, or smoke, the solid particles become
deposited in the lower chamber, from which they can be withdrawn
when desired. The outlets may have wool, lime, or other agent for
drying or other purposes.
The water or other liquid within the lower chamber can be acted upon
by the archimedian screw over and over again, or it can be supplied in
constant service, so that fresh liquid can be always caused to act upon
the newly supplied fumes, gas, or air.
For churning or mixing substances in the apparatus the lower cowl
may run at a different speed to the upper one.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH SEWING, AND OTHER MACHINES FOR WORKING OR PRODUCING ORNAMENTAL DESIGNS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Stickney Howie at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th December 1875.
I, THOMAS STICKNEY HOWIE, of Fermoy, in the County of Cork,
Ireland, dó hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH SEWING, AND OTHER
MACHINES FOR WORKING OR PRODUCING ORNAMENTAL DESIGNS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to improved apparatus for use in connection
with sewing, embroidering, fret cutting, and other machinery for working
or producing ornamental patterns or designs. The object of the
apparatus is to render the operation of producing the design or pattern
automatic and independent of the skill of the operator, and it is more
particularly applicable for the production of designs in which the same
figure is repeated a number of times in the same design.
The apparatus may be applied to guide either the needle, saw, or
other organ, by which the pattern or design is produced, or it may be

page_text: adapted to shift or guide the fabric or material upon or in which it is
desired to produce the design.
The apparatus consists of a system of levers and connecting rods
jointed together, and working on a fixed fulcrum somewhat after the
manner of a pantograph.
This apparatus is operated from a cam or preferably a combination of
two or more cams of various forms fixed on a shaft operated from the
main shaft of the machine by suitable gear.
If the apparatus be applied to guide the work or material operated on,
to one of the aforesaid levers is connected adjustably a frame in which
the work or material is securely clamped, the said frame being free to
move about and follow the various movements of the lever to which it is
connected.
By employing a special cam on the cam shaft and suitable connections,
a feed device may be operated for bringing another portion of the
material into position to be worked upon.
In applying the apparatus to guide the needle or saw instead of the
material the arm or frame in which it and its connections are carried is
hung or pivoted on centres so as to swing or move freely in every
direction.
In applying the Invention to a fret cutting machine, it would be
necessary to provide a means of turning the saw so as to keep it always
in a proper position, relatively to the direction in which the material
operated on is moving. This may be effected by a suitable arrangement
of rods and levers operated from a cam on the cam shaft.
2
2
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR LITHOGRAPHING and LETTER-PRESS PRINTING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Newsum at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
September 1875.
I, GEORGE NEWSUM, of Holbeck, near Leeds, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR LITHOGRAPHING and LETTER-PRESS PRINTING," to be as
follows:-
My improvements have reference to the means employed for imparting
the required rotary motion to the drawing off rollers, and parts for
giving motion to the tapes for carrying the sheet when drawn from the
cylinder.
These improvements are particularly applicable to cylinder machines
having a rotary reciprocating motion, but when preferred they may be
applied to other machines.
Firstly. In order to give the required rotary motion to the drawing off
rollers, I mount the shaft in adjustable bearings in the framework, and
provide on the shaft a spur pinion which I gear into the ordinary spur

page_text: wheel on the cylinder shaft; this spur wheel on this cylinder shaft
having a rotary reciprocating motion imparted thereto transmits that
rotary reciprocating motion to the spur pinion, thence through the
drawing off roller shaft to the drawing off rollers. The drawing off
rollers may be formed of vulcanized india-rubber or other suitable
frictional substance, and are made adjustable on their shaft for drawing
the sheet from the cylinder.
Secondly. The sheet being required to travel in one direction only I
impart the required motion to it as follows:-On a shaft mounted in
suitable bearings on the framework I provide a spur pinion which I
gear into the spur wheel on the cylinder. This pinion runs loose on the
shaft in one direction of the cylinder spur wheel's motion, but in the
other direction I cause it to transmit motion to the shaft carrying the
pullies for tapes by means of frictional balls which are placed in slots
formed in an inclined direction. These in one direction run perfectly
free, but in the other are wedged tight upon the shaft on which it is
mounted and the slot in the wheel, causing thereby the shaft to be
moved round with the spur wheel in one direction only, from which
motion is transmitted to the carrying off tapes in the usual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Falle Geary at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,' on the 24th May
1875.
I, FALLE GEARY, of Great Winchester Street Buildings, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL," to be as
follows:-
The object or intent of my Invention is to manufacture artificial fuel
from small coal, coke, or other carbonaceous substances, by mixing same
with any suitable form of magnesia, and subsequently treating the same
to form compact blooks.
I prefer to effect this as follows:-I mix magnesia in any suitable
form in certain proportions, according to circumstances, with the coal or
other carbonaceous substances, to which may be added a sufficient
quantity of water to make the mixed materials combine under pressure.
The blocks thus formed may be exposed to the influence of the
atmosphere, or by artificial means be exposed to the action of carbonic
acid, either in a dry or aqueous atmosphere containing said gas, when

page_text: after a certain time they become fit for use, or carbonic acid may be more
or less mixed with the water used, with the object of hastening the
hardening of the fuel. Or the magnesia (MgO) may be mixed with
magnesium chloride, either before it is mixed with the coal, or the
magnesia may be first mixed with the coal and the chloride dissolved in 5
water, or in a fluid state, or that known as bittern or mother liquor be
added, and the whole submitted to pressure by any suitable means, or a
certain proportion of magnesia (MgO) may be first added to the coal,
and an equivalent of hydrochloric acid, more or less diluted with water,
be then added which acts upon an equivalent of the magnesia already 1
mixed with the coal converting a portion into magnesium chloride, and
then pressed as before stated.
I sometimes add to the before-described material or materials a certain
proportion of carbonate of magnesia or ground limestone, by preference,
the magnesian limestone or dolomite, or carbonate of soda, or other 1
suitable carbonate, as convenience or circumstances may require; or I
bring carbonic acid into contact with the coal or other materials by
means of a jet of steam which has been made to absorb a certain
proportion of carbonic acid or carbonic oxide gas, and by preference I
cause said jet of steam to pass amongst the particles of coal immediately 2
before being pressea.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING GONS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Augustus Riches at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on tho
28th July 1875
I, WILLIAM AUGUSTUS RICHES, of Norwich, in the County of Norfolk,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN
BREECH-LOADING GONS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in breech-loading guns, and
particularly to that class or description known as drop barrel guns or
those breech-loading guns in which the breech ends of the barrels turn
up to allow of the insertion of the charge, and the extraction of the
spent cartridge.
According to my Invention the barrels, instead of being made as is
usual to turn down on a pin near their breech ends to expose these ends
and allow of the insertion of the charge and the extraction of the spent
cartridge, are constructed to slide away from the breech block in the
direction of the length of the barrels for a sufficient distance to leave
enough space between them and the breech block for effecting the above
objects. By thus arrangement the gun, besides possessing other advantages,
is much more easily manipulated and rendered handier for use.

page_text: In constructing a gun according to my Invention a plate and suitable
guides extend from the breech block for the whole length of the breech
over the body of the gun, and the lower sides of the barrels are so formed
with projections and otherwise, as to take into the said guides and slide
casily therein and on the said plate These plate and guides may either
be cast with the breech block or be separately affixed to the gun. Pro-
jections are also formed at the top and bottom of the barrels at their
breech ends in the direction of the length of the barrels, the one at the
bottom being wider than the one at the top which is between the barrels
and flush with the ridge running the length of the barrels and between
them. These projections which project beyond the ends of the barrels
when the breech is open, when it is closed and the barrels-are-in position
for the gun to be discharged take into suitable recesses formed to receive
them one at the upper edge and one at the lower extremity of the breech
block, and the barrels arc then locked in position by bolts passing
vertically through these projections, which bolts are acted upon by
helical, blade, or other suitably formed-springs or spring-to keep them
always shot or pressed home A suitable lever is provided under or at
the side of the body of the gun to withdraw the bolts when required so
as to liberate the barrels and allow them to be slid outwards as and for
the purpose or purposes described. They are prevented from being slid
out too far by the key which holds the barrels down to the body of the
gun, taking into a guide slot formed in a plate attached to the under side
of the barrels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO TINS, BOXES, CASES, AND OTHER LIKE RECEPTACLES FOR CONTAINING PRESERVED MEATS, PROVISIONS, OR OTHER SUBSTANCES OR LIQUIDS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Groom at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
December 1875.
I, HENRY GROOM, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
APPLICABLE TO TINS, BOXES, CASES, AND OTHER LIKE RECEPTACLES FOR CONTAINING
PRESERVED MEATS, PROVISIONS, OR OTHER SUBSTANCES OR LIQUIDS," to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is to remedy a serious defect in the
present method of constructing and closing tins, boxes, and other like
receptacles, made of tinned plates, especially when such tins or
receptacles are required to be hermetically sealed or closed.
The defect in the present system is that the tins or other receptacles
are constructed or closed, or both constructed and closed with portions
of the cut or severed edges of the tinned plates so placed that the
contents of the tin or receptacle come into contact with such cut or
severed edges. The effects produced by such contact are in most
instances that a corrosive and decomposing action takes place, which

page_text: materially affects by decomposing, discolouring, or otherwise the
contents of the tin or receptacle.
In the case of condensed milk discolouration very much deteriorates
the milk. In other cases a strong metallic flavour impregnates the
whole contents of the tin, and in other cases actual decomposition is
caused by the galvanic or other action produced by the presence of two
or more metals forming the cut or severed edges, which are in contact
with the acids, salts, saccharine, and other natural constituents of the
contents of the tin.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER USES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ezra Milner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th January
1875.
I, EZRA MILNER, of Clayton, near Bradford, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FURNACES FOR STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER USES," to be as follows:—
The object of the Invention is to facilitate the combustion of the
smoke produced by the combustion of the fuel in steam boiler and other
furnaces, and thereby to effect increase of the heating power obtained by
such combustion and economy of fuel.
According to my Invention I employ in addition to the ordinary fire-
bars other set or series of fire-bars supported a short distance below
those for the support of the fuel in the ordinary way.
The extra set or series of fire-bars extend from about the front end of
the furnace to about the same distance back as the ordinary bars and of
corresponding extent in width.
I leave a space between the inner ends of both series of bars and the
back of the furnace or the fire bridge, varying in extent with the size of

page_text: the furnace, but say generally of from three to six inches, for the
passage of air up from below to act on the smoke and heated products
passing from the fire.
A guard is provided to the inner ends of these ordinary fire-bars, to
prevent the fuel from being pushed or falling over and through the 5
opening referred to.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF JACQUARD MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bailey at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd May
1875.
I, JOHN BAILEY, of Fairfield, near Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF JACQUARD MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in making jacquard cards of thin double sheets
of steel or other metal, which are perforated with the full number of
holes required, in order to close the holes that are not required to be left
open.
I employ narrow strips of metal in which the desired holes are
punched, and these narrow strips are introduced between the double
sheet, the narrow strips are provided with projections below fitting into
slots in the double sheet, and the upper edges of the double sheet.are
bent over the ends of the narrow strips to hold them in their place. As

page_text: a further precaution against the narrow strips getting out of their places
I pass a wire through the bent portion of the double sheet.
Another part of my Invention consists in making the cumber boards
of jacquard machines of glass, earthenware, or glazed metal, so as to 5
produce a perfectly smooth surface in the holes through which the lingo
cords pass, thereby preventing friction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Schroeder at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th May
1875.
I, HENRY SCHROEDER, of Leeds, in the County of York, Dyer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DYEING WOVEN FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to dyeing woven fabrics, such as are known
commercially as "Meltons," Devons," or "pilots," either unions or
65
woollens, and my improvements consist,―
Firstly. In dispensing entirely with the use of dyewoods, such as are
now used for dyeing these fabrics, together with the processes of
preparing and mordanting, and simply passing the fabric, through a
solution of aniline dye whereby the desired colour is produced.
Secondly. In combining the processes of vegetable and aniline dyeing
by first passing the cloth through a solution of vegetable dye, whereby
the foundation of the colour is obtained, and then the cloth is submitted
to a solution of aniline dye, and an amount of depth and brilliancy
imparted to the original colour.
.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOCKS AND OTHER TIMEKEEPERS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred John Higham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd April 1875.
I, ALFRED JOHN HIGHAM, of Blackheath Terrace, Blackheath, in the
County of Kent, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOCKS AND OTHER TIMEKEEPERS," to be as
follows:-
:-
The improvemnets in clocks and other timekeepers have reference to
means for regulating the "escapement."
The acting surfaces of the pallets of the pallet lever are like the
corresponding surfaces of the teeth or pins of the escape wheel with
which they act, formed to act in a line radial to the axis of the escape
wheel or nearly so.
In the case of clocks or such like timekeepers with pendulums the
pallet lever is affixed to an axis, to which is also affixed another arm to
carry a cross piece with studs projecting from its opposite ends, which
are acted upon alternately by the pendulum in its vibration to and fro
or the said arm is otherwise affixed to the pallet lever, or it is directly or

page_text: indirectly connected with the pendulum. Near the axis or centre of
motion of the pallet lever or in other suitable position a pendulum is
suspended, with facility for its free vibration between the studs or parts
of the cross piece above referred to or as may be required. An axis
near the pallet lever or near the point of suspension of the pendulum
acts as a fulcrum for the independent motion of an extra lever, one end
or part of which is capable of resting on the outer end or part of a pin
or tooth of the escape wheel or on a pin or tooth of a wheel connected
therewith, and when slightly raised of allowing that tooth to escape and
of then dropping to the next tooth or pin, and the other arm or another
part of this lever is capable of resting on one side of the pendulum
until detached therefrom by the train.
'
In the case of timekeepers the motions of which are regulated by
balance wheels the substitute for the force of gravity acting on the said
extra lever is obtained by a spring. This extra lover is regulated to act
with a stud notch or other stop in or on a roller affixed to the axis of
the balance wheel, or in place thereof I employ a spring with a stud or
projection, or in form adapted to press upon and give motion to the
balance wheel through the said roller. These details may be varied to
variations in the general character of the timekeeper or of the escape-
ments thereto.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF COMPOUNDING CALVES' FEET JELLY TABLETS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Rees at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
November 1875.
I, DAVID REES, of Pontefract, in the County of York, Confectioner,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE METHOD OF COMPOUNDING CALVES' FEET JELLY TABLETS," to be as
follows:-
I take a proportion of calves' feet and fowls' flesh and boil down to a
jelly in a saucepan; I then take it from the fire and place in an
earthenware pan, allowing it to cool; when cold I skim it in order to
make it clear; I then add the following ingredients (the proportion
being according to the quality desired) :-Eggs, loaf sugar, lemons,
coreander seeds, and essence of lemon; I then stir up well, and when it
comes to a boil I strain it through a fine sieve; I then add sherry wine,
stir it up well, and pour into tin pans, and when it is well set I cut up
into square tablets.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-BARS FOR KITCHEN RANGES, KITCHENERS, DRAWING ROOM, AND OTHER STOVES, AND MOVEABLE AND FIXED BACKS APPLICABLE THERETO
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Dyer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th May
1875.
I, GEORGE DYER, of 3, Great Vine Street, Regent Street, in the
County of Middlesex, Watch Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-BARS FOR KITCHEN RANGES,
KITCHENERS, DRAWING ROOM, AND OTHER STOVES, AND MOVEABLE AND FIXED
BACKS APPLICABLE THERETO," to be as follows:-
The fire-bars are flat and broad and set at an angle of incline instead
of horizontal or round as commonly used. The backs are of an angular
shape for the purpose of economizing the consumption of fuel, and form
sides or parts thereof to the stoves in which they are fixed, and made so
as to preserve a space behind for admission of air to the fuel through
apertures in the said backs.