Year: 1886

page_text: This Specification was, upon the 26th day of March 1888, amended under
4
Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883.
Date of Application, 11th Mar., 1886
Complete Left, 1st Dec., 1886
Complete Accepted, 18th Jan., 1887
I WALTER HIRST HILLIER, of Sunnyside, Nailsworth, in the County of Gloucester,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention has reference to incubators or apparatus for hatching eggs by artificial
heat and the first part consists in constructing such incubators in such manner that a
supply of heated air or vapor is admitted direct to the hatching chamber the admission
being controlled automatically by any suitable thermostatic motor or thermostat which
acts upon an inlet valve so that this valve admits only sufficient heated air or vapor to
maintain an equable or nearly equable temperature in the hatching chamber; if the
chamber tends to rise above or fall below the normal temperature the thermostatic
motor proportionately closes or opens the valve.
The manner in which I prefer to carry out this part of my invention is as follows:-
Below the centre of the hatching chamber which is preferably formed of earthen-
ware I fit a vertical cylindrical chamber which will usually be made of metal and
underneath or at the lower end of this chamber I place a gas or other suitable burner
or lamp for supplying and maintaining the requisite heat. The vertical chamber is
closed at its upper end except that it has an aperture which forms a passage through.
which the heated air or vapor is admitted to the hatching chamber this aperture being
fitted with a valve controlled by a thermostatic motor in the hatching chamber so as
to automatically regulate the admission of the heated air or vapor as the temperature
of the hatching chamber may require. The vertical chamber has a flue pipe at the
side, some distance below the top, to carry off the fumes or surplus heat, the part of
the vertical chamber above the flue pipe forming a reservoir for heated gases or air for
supplying the hatching chamber as already explained. In or near the floor or bottom
of the hatching chamber are holes through which the heated air or vapor as it cools
passes, being replaced by fresh warm air or vapor from the reservoir; the hatching
chamber is thus heated and ventilated without the introduction of cold draughts from
below. The holes for the escape of the heated air or vapor at the bottom of the
hatching chamber may open directly into the atmosphere but it is better that they
should communicate with a false bottom having. holes at the sides communicating with

page_text: the atmosphere; any risk of the introduction of cold air by the current flowing in the
wrong direction is thus avoided.
To moisten the air I arrange, preferably in the heat reservoir or vertical chamber, a
syphon or tray of water which evaporates and causes moisture to rise with the heated
air or vapor.
Within the vertical chamber before described I may place an inner
concentric chamber, closed at the top, this inner chamber being heated by the gas
burner or lamp; the outer vertical chamber will thus form an annular space or
reservoir in which the air admitted through the bottom thereof is heated and stored
before passing through the valve to the hatching chamber. The cold air supplied to
this reservoir enters it below the level of the burner or source of heat and is therefore
pure and free from all products of combustion.
Although I have described that 1 admit the heated air or vapor direct to the
hatching chamber and prefer to do so, it can be admitted to a reservoir or chamber
above the hatching chamber, the admission, as in the case of the direct admission,
being automatically regulated by a valve worked by a thermostatic motor; or instead
of the automatically controlled valve regulating the admission of the heated air or
vapor to the upper chamber or to the hatching chamber it may be arranged to regulate
the outlet of the heated air or vapor therefrom.
According to a modification of my invention I place the hatching chamber above an
oven or heated coil through which cold air gradually rises and thus becomes heated,
and I automatically control the admission of this air to the hatching chamber as
previously described.
.
The thermostatic motor I prefer to employ consists of a tube of glass or other
material bent into a circle; this hung on a centre so that it is free to revolve in
either direction. One end of the tube is sealed and the other is usually open. At the
sealed end is a small quantity of ether or other volatile liquid and part of the
remainder of the tube is filled with quicksilver. Any rise or fall of the temperature
will affect the ether and to some extent the quicksilver and will cause a partial
rotation of the tube which, through suitable connections will thus act on the valve.
The invention comprises an arrangement of the egg trays by which the eggs can be
all turned at once without removing them from the hatching chamber. I place on the
floor of the hatching chamber, which is preferably of conical form, a loose frame or
disc in which are, partitions between which the eggs are placed. By revolving or
moving the loose framo with the hand or otherwise the eggs are caused to turn. If
the hatching chamber is rectangular I employ a similar movable support for the eggs,
which when moved will cause all the eggs to turn.

page_text: I, Walter Hirst HILLIER, of Sunnyside Nailsworth, in the County of Gloucester,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
My invention has reference to incubators or apparatus for hatching eggs by
artificial heat, and it essentially consists in constructing incubators in such manner
that a supply of heated air or vapor is admitted direct to the hatching chamber the
admission being controlled automatically by any suitable thermostatic motor or
thermostat which acts upon an inlet valve so that this valve admits only sufficient
heated air or vapor to maintain an equable or nearly equable temperature in the
hatching chamber; if the chamber tends to rise above or fall below the normal
temperature the thermostatic motor proportionately closes or opens the valve.
The invention can be carried into. effect in various ways. One modification is
represented in section elevation in Figure 1 of the annexed drawings, Figuro 2
being a half plan. a is the body of the apparatus which is formed of wood, earthenware
or other suitable material. bis the hatching chamber and n the floor or bottom of the
same. c, c are the trays formed of perforated zinc secured to laths or strips of wood
or other material which hold and support the eggs. The trays preferably slope
towards the centre, as shown. Below the centre of the hatching chamber I fit a
vertical chamber d preferably cylindrical which will usually be made of metal, and
underneath or at the lower end of this chamber a lamp è or a gas or other suitable
burner will be placed, when the incubator is in use, for supplying and maintaining the
requisite heat. The vertical chamber dis closed at its upper end except that it has an
aperture which forms a passage through which the heated air or vapor is admitted to
the hatching chamber, this aperture being fitted with a valve controlled by a
thermostatic motor v in the hatching chamber so as to automatically regulate tho
admission of the heated air or vapor as the temperature of the hatching chamber may
require. Above the chamber d is a continuation i to carry the heated air or vapor to
the upper part of the hatching chamber and around the continuation i is a wooden
frane k which with the intervening annular space serves to keep the eggs from too
close contact with the continuation i. The vertical chamber d has a flue pipe m at the
side to carry off surplus heat, the part of the vertical chamber above this flue pipe
forming a reservoir for heated gases or air for supplying the hatching chainber
as already explained. In the floor or bottom n and in the side of the box near the
floor are holes o, o through which the heated air or vapor as it cools passes, being
replaced by fresh warm air or vapor from the reservoir; the hatching chamber is
thus heated and ventilated without the introduction of cold draughts from below. The
holes for the escape of the heated air or vapor, at the bottom n may open directly into
the atmosphere, as shown, or they may communicate, as shown in Figure 3 (herein-
after described), with a false bottom having holes at the sides communicating with

page_text: the atmosphere, or the bottom n (Figure 1) may be entirely open or nearly 50.
In Figures 1 and 2 holes are shown in the lid of the apparatus. To moisten the air I
arrange in the heat reservoir or vertical chamber da water tray or cup p the water in
which evaporates and causes moisture to rise with the heated air or vapor. The water
is supplied to the cup p from a funnel 9 which is itself fed by a syphon or in other
suitable manner. s is an overflow pipe. The hatching chamber is opened when
required by simply raising the lid which is hinged.
Figure 3 is a sectional elevation and Figure 4 a plan of a modification which differs
from that already described in that within the vertical chamber d is placed an inner
concentric chamber t, closed at the top, this inner chamber being heated by the lamp
or gas burner; the outer vertical chamber d will thus form an annular space or
reservoir in which the air admitted thereto is heated and stored before passing through
the valve g to the hatching chamber. The cold air supplied to this reservoir enters it
either at bottom below the level of the burner or source of heat or through the outer
pipe and is therefore pure and free from all products of combustion. The top of the
inner chamber t forms a water tray or cup.
१८
According to another modification of my invention I place the hatching chamber
above an oven or heated coil through which cold air gradually rises and thus becomes
heated, and I automatically control the admission of this air to the hatching chamber
as previously described.
Any suitable form of thermostatic motor may be employed for automatically
controlling the admission of the heated air or vapor to the hatching chamber. That
which I prefer is represented in Figures 1, 3 and 4 and is shewn on a larger scale in
Figure 5. It consists of a tube of glass or other material bent into a circle and
secured to a disc ', to which is fixed a lever w, the whole being hung on a centre or
knife edge so that it is free to turn; the valve g is carried on the outer end of the
lever w. The end of the tube is sealed and the other end is open. At the sealed
endy are an air bubble and a small quantity of dilute ether or other volatile liquid,
and part of the remainder of the tube is filled with quicksilver z. a' is a balance clip
the position of which on the lever can be adjusted so as to regulate the temperature at
which the device will act. a² is a balance weight immovably secured to the lever.
When the required heat is attained in the hatching chamber the ether by its expansion
drives the quicksilver towards the open end of the tube ; the regulator is thus caused
to lose its balance, so that it turns on the centre r and thereby lowers the valve g to
about th of an inch from the hot air inlet where it keeps rising and falling not more
than end of an inch thereby alternately admitting and checking the hot air; the
variations of temperature are too minute to be read on the scale of an ordinary
thermometer. The regulator will not return to its original position as shown in the
figures unless the heat falls several degrees, as would be caused by an insufficient
flame or by opening the lid of the incubator.
It is evident that in any of the arrangements described instead of effecting the
automatic control of the hot air supply to the hatching chamber by an admission valve
operated by a thermostatic motor a similarly controlled exit valve placed above an
opening in the cover of the hatching chamber, as shown in Figure 1" will answer the
purpose. By thus controlling the outlet of the hot air the admission is necessarily
controlled.
My invention comprises-an-arrangement of the egg trays by which the eggs on a
tray can be-all-turned at once without removing the tray from the hatching chamber.
This arrangement is illustrated in Figures 6 and 7.-- On the tray-c-is-placed a loose
frame c'in which are purtitions between which the eggs are placed. By moving the
loose frame with the hand or otherwise the eggs are enused to turn.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. Constructing incubators or egg hatching apparatus in such manner that a supply
of heated air or vapor automatically controlled according to the temperature of the
hatching chamber is admitted direct to the said chamber, whereby an equable or

page_text: nearly equable temperature is maintained therein, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
2. The several arrangements of incubators or egg hatching apparatus hereinbefore.
described in which a supply of heated air or vapor automatically controlled according
to the temperature of the hatching chamber is admitted direct to the said chamber.
3. The employment in-inenbators of loose partitioned-frames on the egg trays as
deseribed for turning the eggs.
J. C. MEWBURN,.
169, Fleet Street, London,
Agent.

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Mar., 1886.
Complete Left, 1st Dec., 1886.
Complete Accepted, 18th Jan., 1887.
I WALTER HIRST HILLIER, of Sunnyside, Nailsworth, in the County of Gloucester,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention has reference to incubators or apparatus for hatching eggs by artificial
heat and the first part consists in constructing such incubators in such manner that a
supply of heated air or vapor is admitted direct to the hatching chamber the admission
being controlled automatically by any suitable thermostatic motor or thermostat which
acts upon an inlet valve so that this valve admits only sufficient heated air or vapor to
maintain an equable or nearly equable temperature in the hatching chamber; if the
chamber tends to rise above or fall below the normal temperature the thermostatic
motor proportionately closes or opens the valve.
--
The inanner in which I prefer to carry out this part of my invention is as follows:-
Below the centre of the batching chamber which is preferably formed of earthen-
ware I fit a vertical cylindrical chamber which will usually be made of metal and
underneath or at the lower end of this chamber I place a gas or other suitable burner
or. lamp for supplying and maintaining the requisite heat. The vertical chamber is
closed at its upper end except that it has an aperture which forms a passage through
which the heated air or vapor is admitted to the hatching chamber this aperture being
fitted with a valve controlled by a thermostatic motor in the hatching chamber so as
to automatically regulate the admission of the heated air or vapor as the temperature
of the hatching chamber may require. The vertical chamber has a flue pipe at the
side, some distance below the top, to carry off the fumes or surplus heat, the part of
the vertical chamber above the flue pipe forming a reservoir for heated gases or air for
supplying the hatching chamber as already explained. In or near the Hoor or bottom
of the hatching chamber are holes through which the heated air or vapor as it cools
passes, being replaced by fresh warm air or vapor from the reservoir; the hatching
chamber is thus heated and ventilated without the introduction of cold draughts from
below. The holes for the escape of the heated air or vapor at the bottom of the
hatching chamber may open directly into the atmosphere but it is better that they
should communicate with a false bottom having holes at the sides communicating with

page_text: the atmosphere; any risk of the introduction of cold air by the current flowing in the
wrong direction is thus avoided.
To moisten the air I arrange, preferably in the heat reservoir or vertical chamber, a
syphon or tray of water which evaporates and causes moisture to rise with the heated
air or vapor. Within the vertical chamber before described I may place an inner
concentric chamber, closed at the top, this inner chamber being heated by the gas
burner or lamp; the outer vertical chamber will thus form an annular space or
reservoir in which the air admitted through the bottom thereof is heated and stored
before passing through the valve to the hatching chamber. The cold air supplied to
this reservoir enters it below the level of the burner or source of heat and is therefore
pure and free from all products of combustion.
Although I have described that I admit the heated air or vapor direct to the
hatching chamber and prefer to do so, it can be admitted to a reservoir or chamber
above the hatching chamber, the admission, as in the case of the direct admission,
being automatically regulated by a valve worked by a thermostatic motor; or instead
of the automatically controlled valve regulating the admission of the heated air or
vapor to the upper chamber or to the hatching chamber it may be arranged to regulate
the outlet of the heated air or vapor therefrom.
According to a modification of my invention I place the hatching chamber above an
oven or heated coil through which cold air gradually rises and thus becomes heated,
and I automatically control the admission of this air to the hatching chamber as
previously described.
The thermostatic motor I prefer to employ consists of a tube of glass or other
material bent into a circle; this is hung on a centre so that it is free to revolve in
either direction. One end of the tube is sealed and the other is usually open. At the
sealed end is a small quantity of ether or other volatile liquid and part of the
remainder of the tube is filled with quicksilver. Any rise or fall of the temperature
will affect the ether and to some extent the quicksilver and will cause a partial
rotation of the tube which, through suitable connections will thus act on the valve.
The invention comprises an arrangement of the egg trays by which the eggs can be
all turned at once without removing them from the hatching chamber. I place on the
floor of the hatching chamber, which is preferably of conical form, a loose frame or
disc in which are partitions between which the eggs are placed. By revolving or
moving the loose frame with the hand or otherwise the eggs are caused to turn. If
the hatching chamber is rectangular I employ a similar movable support for the eggs,
which when moved will cause all the eggs to turn.
J. C. MEWBURN,
169, Fleet Street, London,
Agent.

page_text: Improvements in Incubators or Apparatus for Hatching Eggs.
I, WALTER HIRST HILLIER, of Sunnyside Nailsworth, in the County of Gloucester,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention has reference to incubators or apparatus for hatching eggs by
artificial heat, and it essentially consists in constructing incubators in such manner
that a supply of heated air or vapor is admitted direct to the hatching chamber the
admission being controlled automatically by any suitable thermostatic motor or
thermostat which acts upon an inlet valve so that this valve admits only sufficient
heated air or vapor to maintain an equable or nearly equable temperature in the
hatching chamber; if the chamber tends to rise above or fall below the normal
temperature the thermostatic motor proportionately closes or opens the valve.
The invention can be carried into effect in various ways. One modification is
represented in sectional elevation in Figure 1 of the annexed drawings, Figure 2
being a half plan. a is the body of the apparatus which is formed of wood, earthenware.
or other suitable material. is the hatching chamber and n the floor or bottom of the
same. c, c are the trays formed of perforated zine secured to laths or strips of wood
or other material which hold and support the eggs. The trays preferably slope
towards the centre, as shown. Below the centre of the hatching chamber I fit a
vertical chamber d preferably cylindrical which will usually be made of metal, and
underneath or at the lower end of this chamber a lamp e or a gas or other suitable
burner will be placed, when the incubator is in use, for supplying and maintaining the
requisite heat. The vertical chamber d is closed at its upper end except that it has an
aperture which forms a passage through which the heated air or vapor is admitted to
the hatching chamber, this aperture being fitted with a valve controlled by a
thermostatic motor v in the hatching chamber so as to automatically regulate the
admission of the heated air or vapor as the temperature of the hatching chamber may
require. Above the chamber d is a continuation i to carry the heated air or vapor to
the upper part of the hatching chamber and around the continuation i is a wooden
frame which with the intervening annular space 7 serves to keep the eggs from too
close contact with the continuation i. The vertical chamber d has a flue pipe m at the
side to carry off surplus heat, the part of the vertical chamber above this flue pipe
forming a reservoir for heated gases or air for supplying the hatching chamber
as already explained. In the floor or bottom n and in the side of the box near the
floor are holes o, o through which the heated air or vapor as it cools passes, being
replaced by fresh warm air or vapor from the reservoir; the hatching chamber is
thus heated and ventilated without the introduction of cold draughts from below. The
holes for the escape of the heated air or vapor at the bottom n may open directly into
the atmosphere, as shown, or they may communicate, as shown in Figure 3 (herein-
after described), with a false bottom having holes at the sides communicating with

page_text: the atmosphere, or the bottom n (Figure 1) may be entirely open or nearly so.
In Figures 1 and 2 holes are shown in the lid of the apparatus. To moisten the air I
arrange in the heat reservoir or vertical chamber d a water tray or cup p the water in
which evaporates and causes moisture to rise with the heated air or vapor. The water
is supplied to the cup p from a funnel which is itself fed by a syphon or in other
suitable manner. s is an overflow pipe. The hatching chamber is opened when
required by simply raising the lid which is hinged.
Figure 3 is a sectional elevation and Figure 4 a plan of a modification which differs
from that already described in that within the vertical chamber d is placed an inner
concentric chamber t, closed at the top, this inner chamber being heated by the lamp
or gas burner; the outer vertical chamber d will thus form an annular space or
reservoir in which the air admitted thereto is heated and stored before passing through
the valve to the hatching chamber. The cold air supplied to this reservoir enters it
either at bottom below the level of the burner or source of heat or through the outer
pipe u and is therefore pure and free from all products of combustion. The top of the
inner chamber forms a water tray or cup.
According to another modification of my invention I place the hatching chamber
above an oven or heated coil through which cold air gradually rises and thus becomes
heated, and I automatically control the admission of this air to the hatching chamber
as previously described.
Any suitable form of thermostatic motor may be employed for automatically
controlling the admission of the heated air or vapor to the hatching chamber. That
which I prefer is represented in Figures 1, 3 and 4 and is shewn on a larger scale in
Figure 5. It consists of a tube of glass or other material bent into a circle and
secured to a disc v¹, to which is fixed a lever w, the whole being hung on a centre or
knife edge so that it is free to turn; the valve g is carried on the outer end of the
lever w.
The end y of the tubo is sealed and the other end is open. At the sealed
end y are an air bubble and a small quantity of dilute ether or other volatile liquid,
and part of the remainder of the tube is filled with quicksilver z. a is a balance clip
the position of which on the lever can be adjusted so as to regulate the temperature at
which the device will act. a is a balance weight immovably secured to the lever.
When the required heat is attained in the hatching chamber the ether by its expansion
drives the quicksilver towards the open end of the tube v; the regulator is thus caused
to lose its balance, so that it turns on the centre x and thereby lowers the valve g to
about th of an inch from the hot air inlet f where it keeps rising and falling not more
than 3nd of an inch thereby alternately admitting and checking the hot air; the
variations of temperature are too minute to be read on the scale of an ordinary.
thermometer. The regulator will not return to its original position as shown in the
figures unless the heat falls several degrees, as would be caused by an insufficient
flame or by opening the lid of the incubator.
It is evident that in any of the arrangements described instead of effecting the
automatic control of the hot air supply to the hatching chamber by an admission valve
operated by a thermostatic motor a similarly controlled exit valve placed above an
opening in the cover of the hatching chamber, as shown in Figure 1" will answer the
purpose. By thus controlling the outlet of the hot air the admission is necessarily
controlled.
My invention comprises an arrangement of the egg trays by which the eggs on a
tray can be all turned at once without removing the tray from the hatching chamber.
This arrangement is illustrated in Figures 6 and 7. On the tray c is placed a loose
frame c¹ in which are partitions between which the eggs are placed. By moving the
loose frame with the hand or otherwise the eggs are caused to turn.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. Constructing incubators or egg hatching apparatus in such manner that a supply
of heated air or vapor automatically controlled according to the temperature of the
hatching chamber is admitted direct to the said chamber, whereby an equable or

page_text: nearly equable temperature is maintained therein, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
2. The several arrangements of incubators or egg hatching apparatus hereinbefore
described in which a supply of heated air or vapor automatically controlled according
to the temperature of the hatching chamber is admitted direct to the said chamber.
3. The employment in incubators of looso partitioned frames on the egg trays as
described for turning the eggs.