IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF APPLYING HEAT IN THE DRYING AND CALENDERING OF YARNS, TEXTILE FABRICS, AND OTHER MATERIALS, AND IN THE HEATING AND on Laming AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Longbottom, of Leeds, in the County of York,
Engineer, and James Eastwood, of Blackburn, in the County of Lan-
caster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR
METHOD OF APPLYING HEAT IN THE DRYING AND CALENDERING OF YARNS,
TEXTILE FABRICS, AND OTHER MATERIALS, AND IN THE HEATING AND
on Laming AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
"
Sealed the 6th November 1866, and dated the 23rd May 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Longbottom and
James Eastwood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 23rd May 1866.
We, JOHN LONGBOTTOM, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer, and
JAMES EASTWOOD, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MODE OR METHOD OF APPLYING HEAT IN THE DRYING AND CALENDERING OF YARNS,
TEXTILE FABRICS, AND OTHER MATERIALS, AND IN THE HEATING AND EVAPORATING
OF LIQUIDS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the application and use of superheated water to
and in the drying of yarns and the calendering of textile fabrics of all kinds,
paper, and other materials, also the generation of steam and the heating and
Priced 1

page_text: evaporating of liquids, and consists in the employment for the purposes
above mentioned of superheated water contained in strong hydraulic tubes
coiled or otherwise disposed and placed in a furnace so as to elevate to a
high temperature or superheat the water contained in and circulating
through such tubes.
In applying these tubes to the drying of yarns of all kinds, or for drying
and calendering of textile fabrics or paper we introduce them into the interior
of hollow cylinders, boxes, or chambers near to or in contact with which the
materials to be dried are caused to pass in place of allowing steam to enter
directly into such drying cylinders, boxes, or chambers as heretofore; or in
lieu of inserting or enclosing the heating tubes in cylinders or other re-
ceptacles we sometimes use them exposed, and cause the materials to be dried
to pass in direct contact with or near to them. These superheated water
tubes may also be used in the generation of steam, and the heating and
evaporating of liquids, by immersing them in the water or liquid to be
operated upon. In some cases we propose to apply these superheated water
tubes to the heating of air in any convenient chamber or receiver from which
the highly heated air passes off to ordinary drying cylinders for the purpose
of heating the same, or to be otherwise applied or used.
In order to ensure perfect joints in these superheated water tubes we
propose to construct such joints in the following manuer-Each pipe is
coned inside and outside to a sharp chisel or cutting edge, and into these
hollow cones we insert conical and hollow soft brass washers having a flange
or shoulder in the middle, against the sides of which flange the sharp cutting
edges of the pipes are brought in contact, and thereby form their own seat
and make a perfect joint. The sharp edges of the pipes are brought in
contact with the sides of the flange by means of an external socket having a
right and left-handed internal screw made at each end thereof, and screwing
over the external screwed ends of the pipes to be joined, the conical soft brass
washer being enclosed inside the socket.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Longbottom and James Eastwood in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 23rd November 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
LONGBOTTOM, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer, and JAMES EAST-
WOOD, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reiga, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said John Longbottom and James Eastwood, Her special license that we, the
said John Longbottom and James Eastwood, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said John Longbottom and James
Eastwood, cur executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MODE OR METHOD OF APPLYING HEAT IN THE DRYING AND CALENDERING OF YARNS,
TEXTILE FABRICS, AND OTHER MATERIALS, AND IN THE HEATING AND EVAPORATING
OP LIQUIDS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," upou the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said John Longbottom aud James Eastwood,
our exec tors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our hands
and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, tho said John Longbottom and James East-
wood, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):--
Our said Invention relates to the application and use of superheated water
to and in the drying of yarns and the calendering of textile fabrics of all
kinds, paper, and other materials; also the generation of steam, and the
heating and evaporating of liquids, and consists in the employinent for the
purposes above mentioned of superheated water contained in strong hydraulic
tubes coiled or otherwise disposed and placed in a furnace so as to elevate to
a high temperature, or superheat the water contained in and circulating-
through such tubes.
In applying these tubes to the drying of yarns of all kinds, or for
drying and calendering of textile fabrics or paper, we introduce them into
the interior of hollow cylinders, boxes, or chambers, near to or in contact
with which the materials to be dried are caused to pass, in place of allowing

page_text: steam to enter directly into such drying cylinders, boxes, or chambers as
heretofore; or we sometimes cause the materials to be dried to pass in direct
contact with or near to the superheated water tubes; these superheated water
tubes may also be used in the generation of steam and the heating and
evaporating of liquids by immersing them in water or liquids to be operated
upon.
In some cases we propose to apply these superheated water tubes to the
heating of air in auy convenient chamber or receiver from which the highly-
heated air passes off to ordinary drying cylinders for the purpose of heating
the same, or to be otherwise applied or used for the like purpose. In order
to ensure perfect joints in these superheated water tubes we propose to
construct such joints in the following manner :-One or both pipes are
coned inside and outside to a sharp chisel or cutting edge, and into these
hollow cones we insert a double conical and hollow soft brass washer having
a flange or shoulder in the middle, against the sides of which flange the sharp
cutting edge or edges of the pipe or pipes are brought into contact, and
thereby form their own seat, and make a perfect joint. The sharp edge or
edges of the pipe or pipes are brought in contact with the sides of the flange
by means of an external socket having a right and left-handed internal screw
made at each end thereof, and screwing over the external screwed ends of
the pipes to be joined, the conical soft brass washer being enclosed inside the
socket.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood, we shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall
refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheets of Drawings, the same
letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the Figures.
Figure 1 on Sheet 1 of our Drawing represents a longitudinal section of
an apparatus constructed in accordance with our said Invention for drying
paper, cloth, or other materials of a like nature, and Figure 2 is a corresponding
plan of the same.
A is a closed box or casing of sheet iron or other suitable material, within
which are disposed in zig-zag or other fashion the superheated watertubes B,B,
through which a constant circulation of superheated water is maintained.
Inside the cover of the box A are arranged a series of rollers C, C, supported
in bearing sliding in the slotted uprights or standards D screwed to the sides
of the drying box A; each of these rollers is capable of adjustment nearer to
or further from the tubes B by the adjusting screws d, d. Fis the beam
upon which the web of paper, cloth, or other material is wound as fast as it
passes through the drying box, and G is the entering or guide roller. The

page_text: rollers C serve to support the web, and keep it at the required distance from
the surface of the tubes B, according to the degree of heat to be imparted to
it. By placing the rollers C nearer to the tubes B at one end of the box
than at the other the material to be dried will be subjected to a maximum
temperature on first entering the apparatus, and to a gradually diminishing
temperature as it passes through the box until it finally leaves it, and is
wound in a perfectly dry state on the beam or roller F, which is driven by a
strap or otherwise at the speed required. In Figure 2 the top or cover of the
drying box is supposed to be removed. so as to show the arrangement of
heating tubes and rollers C.
Figure 3 represents a side elevation of another arrangement of drying
machine, and Figure 4 is a corresponding plan of the same. In this machine
the superheated water flow and return pipes A and B which communicate
with opposite ends of a coil or other arrangement of pipes C iu a furnace D
constitute at the same time the main framing or supports for the several
drying cylinders E, E. These cylinders are by preference arranged in semi.
circles, as shewn in the Drawings, and may be composed of thin brass, copper,
tin plate, or other metal with the exception of the ends e thereof which should
be made stouter, and may consist of cast iron; these ends are bored centrally,
and through them are passed the heating tubes F on which the rollers or
cylinders E,E, revolve freely. These tubes Fare connected at their opposite
ends with the flow pipe A and return pipe B respectively by means of the
peculiar joint shewn in full sized detail section at Figure 5. A is the flow
(or the return pipe as the case may be), and F one end of the pipe passing
through the cylinder, a tapered hole is bored in the side of the pipe A and a
corresponding internal taper or cone is made in the end of the pipe F. A
double hollow cone G of soft brass is inserted into both pipes A and F, and
the parts are held firmly together by means of the bridle piece H which clips
or embraces the pipe A and is tightened up by uuts h, h¹, on the screwed end
of the bridle piece passing through a loose collar I on the end of the pipe F,
such collar being retained in position by the shoulder i secured by a pin or
otherwise on to the end of the pipe F. The joints at K, K, in Figures 3
and 4, are constructed on the same principle, but in lieu of a bridle piece H
two bolts and collars 1, l, are employed for holding the two ends of the pipes
in contact with the intermediate double cone G; L, L, are rollers for guiding
the material over the drying cylinders E, E.
Figure 1 on Sheet 2 of our Drawings represents in longitudinal vertical.
section the application of our Invention to the drying cylinders and size
trough of a warp sizing and drying machine, and Figure 2 is a corresponding

page_text: ;
plan of the same with one of the drying cylinders in horizontal section to shew
the internal superheated water tubes which impart the necessary degree of
heat to the drying cylinders. A is the main framing of the machine; B, the
warp beam from which the warp passes over the rollers C, C, under the
immersing roller D in the size trough or pan E between the pressing or
squeezing rollers F, F, and thence round the drying cylinders G, G. The
size trough or pan is provided with a false bottom e, underneath which there
is disposed in a zig-zag or other fashion the superheated water tube H
this tube communicates at one end with the hot water flow pipe I extend-
ing along one side of the machine, and at the other end it communicates at i
with the return pipe K on the opposite side of the machine. By this means
the size in the trough or pan E is maintained at the proper temperature. A
coil or zig-zag arrangement of superheated water tubes L is situate inside
cach of the drying cylinders G, G, communicating at the opposite ends & and
with the flow and return pipes I and K respectively. As these cylinders are
not subjected to any internal pressure beyond that due to the expansion of
the air therein they may be of a cheap and light construction. It has been
found in practice that tinned plate will answer perfectly well for the sides and
ends of such cylinders, a hollow cast iron boss M, being rivetted or otherwise
secured in a central position at cach end to serve as journals upon which the
cylinders revolve in ordinary bearings N bolted to the framing. Through
the centres of these hollow journals pass the hot water tubes L, the journals
revolving freely on such tubes without the necessity for the steam joints,
which have heretofore been requisite where steam bas been introduced directly
inside the cylinders, which joints are found to be exceedingly inconvenient
and costly by reason of the difficulty experienced in keeping them steam
tight and the consequent loss or escape of steam into the sizing shed; more-
over, the water of condensation which collects inside the cylinders is found to
act injuriously upon such cylinders by causing them to corrodo and wear
away rapidly, all which objections are obviated by this Invention.
Figure3 represents a fullsized sectional detail of the peculiar joint we propose
to adopt all cases where a perfectly steam and fluid tight joint is required.
In this Figure cach of the two tubes a, b, to be joined is coned at the contiguous
ends outside and inside to a sharp chisel or cutting edge and a double conical
hollow soft brass washer c (shewn in detail elevation at Figure 4) having a
flauge or shoulder d in the middle is introduced between the ends of the two
tubes a and b, so as to fit into the hollow coned surfaces thereof, the sharp
cutting edges of the tubes are brought forcibly against the flange or shoulder d
so as to form their own seat and make a perfect joint by means of the external

page_text: socket e baving a right and left handed internal screw thread made at each
end thereof screwing over the external screwed ends of the pipes or tubes to
be joined, the conical soft brass washer being enclosed inside the socket. By
turning the socket in the proper direction it is cbvious that the two tubes will
be drawn towards each other and will imbed their sharp ends into the metal of
the soft brass washer. The Drawings herein-before described are only given
as examples of some of the numerous applications of our Invention which
may obviously be applied in various cases where heat is required for drying
purposes, and although we have only referred to the use of superheated water
in the pipes or tubes it will be readily understood that steam may be sub-
stituted for superheated water.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, we would observe in conclusion, that what we consider to be
novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is
First, the general system or mode of applying heat substantially in the
manner and for the purposes herein-before described.
Second, the enclosing of superheated water pipes in drums,cylinders, boxes,
or cases, and the application of such arrangement to the drying of various
textile fabrics, paper, and other substances, substantially as herein-before
described.
Third, the application and use to and in steam and water joints of a double
conical soft brass, copper, or other equivalent metal washer, substantially as
herein before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Longbottom, on behalf of myself
and the said James Eastwood, have to this our Specification hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of November, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
JOHN LONGBOTTOM. (L.s.)