CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS → THE PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Aignan Bernard Callier, of Paris, in the
Empire of France, and of 16, Castle Street, Holborn (City),
London, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS → THE
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Aignan Bernard
Callier at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 15th December 1858.
I, AIGNAN BERNARD CALLIER, of Paris, Empire of France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS" to be as follows:—
My improvements consist of, firstly, a new kind of metallic fastening,
by means of which the umbrella or parasol is tied together or folded
up when shut. Figs. 1 to 5 of the annexed Sheet represent this part
of the improvements. Figs. 1 shews the well-known clasp by means of

page_text: which umbrellas and parasols are tied together. e, e, Fig. 1, is the
elastic with a knob at the end, which is caught by the lugs a, a, on
the clasp. Fig. 2 is an elevation of a slightly conical ferrel made
from thin metal. Fig. 3 is a plan of an annular washer of the same
metal. In order to fix the clasp Fig. 1, on the fabric of the umbrella,
it is provided with a hole b on the flat part. The clasp is laid on the
outside of the umbrella; the washer, Fig. 3, is slipped on the ferrel,
Fig. 2, so as to rest on its lower projecting rim; this ferrel is then
made to perforate the fabric of the umbrella by its conical or upper
end, which is inserted into the hole b; and the clasp, the fabric, and
the washer are then rivetted together by flattening out the ends of the
ferrel, as shewn in Fig. 5, in section; the elastic string e is then
attached to this fastening by passing it through the hole of the ferrel,
and making a knot e, on the inner end, as shewn in perspective,
Fig. 4.
Secondly, my improvements consist in different varieties of ways of
applying the same fastening to attaching the corners or ends of the
umbrella and parasol to the ribs. Fig. 6, is an outside elevation, and
Fig. 7, a longitudinal scetion of an umbrella end. b, is the eye of the
metallic fastening through which it is rivetted, as above described;
this fastening has an eyelet projection a, at right angles to the flat
part; this eyelet is passed over the rib end c, and bears against a fillet
d, on it. This fillet may be replaced by either a pin, Fig. 8, or a
forked rib end, Fig. 9, on which the eyelet projection of the fastening
is hung.
Thirdly, my improvements consist in a rivetting apparatus for fixing
the fastenings above described on the umbrella or parasol. This appa-
ratus is shewn in a perspective view, Fig. 10, and consists merely of
two bosses c & b, cast concentrically, and at a suitable distance on an
upright, which can be fixed on the table. Through the upper boss c,
passes a quick threaded screws, carrying the rivetting punch h, to flatten
out the above mentioned ferrel. Through the lower boss b, passes a
pointed punch a, which has a shoulder at f, & is kept up against it by
a spring D. The ferrel and washer mentioned in the first and second
part of my improvements are put on the punch, and by pressing on the

page_text: cloth at the required point the punch & ferrel are passed through it.
The punch h is then sent down into the ferrel & flattens it out round
the eye of the clasp or rib fastening, which has been previously passed
on the ferrel.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Aignan Bernard Callier in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 15th June 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
AIGNAN BERNARD CALLIER, of Paris, Empire of France, and of 16,
Castle Street, Holborn (City), London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto me, the said Aignan Bernard Callier, Her
special licence that I, the said Aignan Bernard Callier, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Aignan Ber-
nard Callier, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS
AND PARASOLS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Aiguan Bernard Callier, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Aignan Bernard Callier, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same

page_text: is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement (that is to say) :-
My improvements consist,--
Firstly, of a new kind of metallic fastening, by means of which the
umbrella and parasol is tied together or folded up when shut. Fig. 1
shews the well-known clasp by means of which umbrellas and parasols
are now generally tied together. c, c, Fig. 1, is the elastic with a knob
f, Fig. 4, at the end, which is caught by the checks or lugs on the
clasp. Fig. 2, is an elevation of a slightly conical ferrel made from
thin metal. Fig. 3, is a plan of a washer of thin metal and having a
round hole c, for the conical ferrel. For the purpose of fixing the
clasp, Fig. 1, on the fabric of the umbrella it is provided with a hole b,
on its flat part. The clasp is then laid on the outside of the umbrella;
the washer, Fig. 3, is slipped on the ferrel, Fig. 2, so as to rest on its
lower projecting rim. This ferrel is then made to perforate the fabric
of the umbrella from the under side by its taper or upper end, which
enters the hole b. The clasp, the fabric, and the washer are then
rivetted together by flattening out the ends of the ferrel, as shewn in
Fig. 5, in section, thus fastening the clasp in a firmer and more durable
way than has been effected hitherto; the elastic string e, c, is then
attached to this fastening by passing it through the hole of the ferrel,
and making a knot on the inside end, as shown in oblique or angular
projection, Fig. 4.
Secondly, my improvements consist in different varieties applying
the same rivet fastening to attaching the corners or ends of the um-
brella or parasol to the ribs. Figs. 6 and 7 are to views of a fastening.
Figs. 8 and 9 represent two different rib ends to which the fastenings
are applied. Fig. 10, is an outside elevation; and Fig. 11, a longitu-
dinal section of an umbrella or parasol corner. b, is the eye of the
metallic fastening through which it is rivetted to the fabric, as above
described. This fastening has an eyelet projection, at right angles to
the flat part. This eyelet is passed over the rib end c, and bears against
a fillet or shoulder d, on the same. A forked rib end, Fig. 12, or a pin,
Fig. 13, driven through the end may be substituted for this fillet or
shoulder, the rivet or ferrel being hung on this forked end or pro-

page_text: jecting heads of the pin. Fig. 14 shows a modification of this fasten-
ing, which may have a tongue h, h, on cach side of the seam s, rivetted
in the manner described above. The umbrella corner may also be
fastened to the rib end by means of a single ferrel and washers, similar
to those described with reference to Figs. 10 to 13, this ferrel being
rivetted on the line of the seam s, and a headed pin p, passing through
its hole. This pin is fastened to the rib end, as shown in longitudinal
section, Fig. 15. The umbrella or parasol corners may also be fas-
tened each by two ferrels or cyclets rivetted by the side of the seam, in
the same manner as above described, or without the washers. These
ferrels or cyclets are then connected with the rib ends by any suitable
means, such as thread, pins, wires, &c. Fig. 16, shews the manner of
attaching by means of a headed pin p, which passes through the rib
end and confines the ferrel, and thereby the corner of the fabric, in
their positions on the left by the pin-hend, on the right by a head 9,
which is slipped and rivetted on the pin p. Fig. 17, represents a lon-
gitudinal section of a fastening similar to that last described, the two
ferrels being attached to the rib end by means of a bent wire r. I
wish it also to be understood that the fastenings described with reference
to Figs. 10, 12, and 14, may be sewn on the cloth instead of being
rivetted to it.
Thirdly, my improvements consist in a rivetting apparatus for fixing
the fastenings above described on the umbrella or parasol.
This apparatus is shewn in side elevation, Fig. 18, and consists
merely of two bosses A and B, cast concentrically, and at a suitable
distance on an upright C, which can be fixed on to a table. Through
the upper boss A, passes a quick-threaded screw S, carrying the rivetting
punch D, to flatten out the above mentioned ferrel. Through the lower
boss B, passes a pointed punch E, which has a shoulder at F, and is
kept up against it by a spring G. The conical ferrel and washer men-
tioned in the first and second part of my improvements are put on the
punch E, in such manner that the taper end is directed the same
way as the centre of the punch. The ferrel thus fits closely to the
punch, and by pressing on the cloth at the required point the punch
and ferrel are passed through it. The punch D, is then sent down into

page_text: the ferrel, and flattens it out round the eye of the clasp or rib fastening,
as the case may be, either of these having been previously passed on
the ferrel.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, I wish it to bo
understood that I consider to be secured to me by these Letters Patent 5
and claim the following improvements, substantially as above described,
viz. :-
Firstly, securing the clasp used for folding the umbrella or parasol,
by means of an eyelet and ferrel or rivet.
Secondly, attaching the corners of the fabric to the rib ends by means 1
of one or more rivets or ferrels and fastenings, a thread, pins, or a wire,
as described...
Thirdly, the piercing and rivetting apparatus applied to the purposes
set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Aignan Bernard Callier, have 1
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of June, in the
year of our Lord 1854.'