IMPROVE. MENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN COOLING AND FREEZING LIQUIDS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Clarke Ash, of 11, Claylands Terrace,
Clapham Road, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN COOLING AND FREEZING LIQUIDS."
Sealed the 21st December 1860, and dated the 25th July 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Clarke Ash at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th July 1860.
I, HENRY CLARKE ASH, of 11, Claylands Terrace, Clapham Road, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN COOLING AND FREEZING LIQUIDS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus employed in
cooling and freezing liquids. When cooling or freezing mixtures are employed
for these purposes, it is desirable to keep such mixtures in agitation during the
process, as a better effect is thereby produced, and, so to agitate the mixture
in apparatus heretofore employed,agitators have been fitted under the shelf in
the cooling or freezing vessel, on which the vessels containing the liquids to be
cooled or frozen are placed; this arrangement, however, does not produce a
perfect agitation, and the construction of the apparatus is expensive; other
agitating apparatus has also been employed. Now, according to my Invention,
I produce the agitation by means of a piston or disc fitting loosely to the sides

page_text: of the chamber in which the vessels containing the liquids to be cooled or
frozen are placed, and holes are formed in the said piston or disc, so that the
vessel containing the liquids, and which stand on the bottom of the chamber,
may pass through it. This piston or disc may also be perforated with smaller
holes, if desired; to it a rod is attached, which passes up through a hole at the
centre of the cover of the vessel. In using the apparatus the vessels con-
taining the liquid are first placed in the holes through the piston or disc, and
stood on the bottom of the vessel; the cooling or freezing mixture is then'
placed on the piston or disc, and a small quantity of water is poured on to the
cooling or freezing mixture, as is usual; the cover is then placed on the vessel,
and the rod is worked up and down by hand, so as to produce a complete
agitation of the mixture, which is compelled to pass up and down through and
around the agitator.
lu order to freeze water in an apparatus such as above described, 1 employ
two metal cylinders, one placed within the other, the outer oue is of such a
size as just to enter freely through one of the holes in the agitator, and the
inner cylinder is closed at the top and bottom, and the space filled with a nou-
conducting material. The outer cylinder is furnished with a cover, which is
placed on when the space between the two cylinders has been filled with
water. This vessel when in use is placed in the cooling or freezing vessel in
the same manner as the other vessels containing liquids to be cooled or frozen,
as herein-before mentioned.
manner,
In making dessert ices it is usual to freeze the same in afreezing pot, and
afterwards to transfer them to a mould, into which the ices are pressed, and
then further frozen until they have sufficiently hardened in the mould.
Now according to this Invention, in place of employing a separate mould to
form the ice after it has been frozen, I employ a separate pattern or fluting
made to fit the freezing pot, and when the ice has been produced in the usual
this separate pattern or fluting is placed in the pot, being forced
down through the ice, which is then pressed down so as to mould it to the
form of the pattern or fluting introduced; thus the use of a separate mould is
avoided. In place of introducing the pattern or fluting into the pot after the
ice is formed, it may,if preferred, be mounted on a centre at the bottom of the
pot, and caused to revolve thereon during the freezing operation, so as to
serve in place of the ordinary spatula; and when the freezing is complete, the
motion of the pattern or fluting being stopped, the ice becomes solid around
it, and when turned it will be of the form given to it by the said pattern or
Auting

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said Henry Clarke Ash in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 2 th January 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
CLARKE ASH, of 11, Claylands Terrace, Clapham Road, in the County of
Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of July, in the year of our Lord Oue
thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourthyearof Herreign,did,for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Henry
Clarke Ash, Her special licence that I, the said Henry Clarke Ash, my execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Clarke
Ash, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfuliy might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA-
BATUS EMPLOYED IN COOLING AND FREEZING LIQUIDS,"upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Henry Clarke Ash, my executors or administrators.
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion,aud in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Clarke Ash, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus employed in
cooling and freezing liquids. When cooling or freezing mixtures are employed
for these purposes, it is desirable to keep such mixtures in agitation during
the process, as a better effect is thereby produced, and, so to agitate the
mixture in apparatus heretofore employed, agitators have been fitted under
the shelf in the cooling or freezing vessel,on which the vessels containing the
liquids to be cooled or frozen are placed. This arrangement, however, does not
produce a perfect agitation, and the construction of the apparatus is expensive.
Other agitating apparatus has also been employed. Now according to my
Invention I produce the agitation by means of a piston or disc fitting loosely

page_text: to the sides of the chamber in which the vessels containing the liquids to be
cooled or frozen are placed, and holes are formed in the said piston or disc, so
that the vessels containing the liquids, and which stand on the bottom of the
chamber, may pass through it. This piston or disc may also be perforated
with smaller holes, if desired; to it a rod is attached, wbich passes up through
a hole at the centre of the cover of the vessel. In using the apparatus, the
vessels containing the liquid are first placed in the holes through the piston or
disc, and stood on the bottom of the vessel; the cooling or freezing mixture
is then placed on the piston or disc, and a small quantity of water is poured
on to the cooling or freezing mixture, as is usual; the cover is then placed on
the vessel, and the rod is worked up and down by hand, so as to produce a
complete agitation of the mixture, which is compelled to pass up and down
through and around the agitator.
Figure 1 is a vertical section, and Figure 2 is a plan of apparatus such
as above described, these Figures, as shown,are suitably arranged to be used in
making cream or water ices.
a is a vessel, by preference of earthenware, it is made of convenient form
and double at the sides and bottom,as shown, and the hollow or space is filled
with sawdust, or other bad conductor of heat; this is introduced by the holes
¹, a',at the bottom, which are afterwards closed with cement; b, b, are the ice
pots; they are made of tin or metal, and are by preference cylindrical at the
upper ends, and fitted below, where also they are made somewhat tapering.
A plan of one of the vessels, b,is shown at Figure 3, it is made with lugs 61, 61,
at the botton, which enter notches in the rings a formed on the bottom of the
vessel a, these notches are undercut, so that by turning the vessels,b, partlyround
after dropping the lugs into the notches, they become locked in their places;
o is a piston or agitator, which has holes c', c¹, formed in it to allow the ice
vessels b to pass through it,and it has also other smaller holes c³,c', to allow the
semi-fluid freezing mixture to pass more freely from one side of the agitator to
the other. This piston agitator,it will be seen, when atwork occupies only the
space between the ice pots (or other vessels) which otherwise would be waste
space, so that no additional depth is required in the containing vessel a, to
euable it to receive the agitator, as has commonly been the case heretofore
when agitators have been employed; but in this arrangement the vessels, the
contents of which are to be cooled, being able to stand directlyon the bottom of
the vessel a, the latter need be no deeper than is necessary to enable it to con-
tain the first mentioned vessels, this will allow freezing, or cooling to be carried
onwith a less expenditure of freezing mixture than would be necessary to pro-
duce thesame result in a larger vessel. The freezing mixtures usuallyemployed
1

page_text: may be made use of in this apparatus and by working the agitator up and down
by its handle c, the mixture is kept thoroughly agitated, and is prevented
accumulating around the vessels b, as it would be liable to do where it not
removed by the edges of the agitator. I would remark that it is not essential
that the agitator should completely surround each of the vessels, the contents
of which are to be frozen or cooled, although for the reason above given it is
desirable that it should do so, still a satisfactory result may be obtained, with-
out this, so long as the agitator works up and down in the space between
these vessels; d, is a metal cover fitted to the vessel a, to prevent the spilling
of the freezing mixture, it has holes through it to allow the ice pots and the
handle of the agitator to pass.
In order to keep the cream or material in the vessels b, properly stirred
during the process of freezing, each of them is furnished with a stirrer e, fixed
at the end of a wooden rod e, one of these stirrers is shown in plan at Figure 4,
this rod passes through a passage in the cover f, of the ice pot; this cover is
made double as is shown, and of sufficient length to fill the whole of the upper
or cylindrical part of the pot, this upper part of the pot serves only to raise
its mouth well above the level of the freezing mixture which might otherwise
enter, and the cover is made deep as shown in order that the stirrer e, when
raised, may come against it, so that the semi-frozen mass which will cling to
the stirrer may be forced constantly from one side of it to the other by being
brought in contact with the bottom and the cover of the pot alternately, the
cover is held in its place by a slotted strap f", jointed to it, and which turns
down over a loop or eye fixed to the exterior of the vessel b. Thetwostirrers e,
are worked up and down by a bar g, which passes through their rods e', and
also through the handle of the agitator; when the cream or water ice is
properly made, the stirrers are taken out of the ice pots and the ice is pressed
firmly down by a presser fitting the lower or fluted part of the pot, it is
then set by allowing it to remain for a short time in the freezing mixture, and
is afterwards turned out of the pot (which when constructed as shown serves
also as a mould), in the usual manner. The exterior vessel a, I usually cover
with basket work, to keep it from injury. The apparatus, as shown in the
Drawing, is made to receive two ice pots, but similar apparatus may be made
to take a greater number of pots.
In order to freeze water in an apparatus such as above described, I employ
two metal cylinders, one placed within the other; the outer one is of such a
size as just to enter freely through one of the holes in the agitator, and the
inner cylinder is closed at the top and bottom, and the space filled with a non-
conducting material. The outer cylinder is furnished with a cover, which is

page_text: placed on when the space between the two cylinders has been filled with
water; this vessel, when in use, is placed in the cooling or freezing vessel in
the same manner as the other vessels containing liquids to be cooled or frozen,
as herein-before mentioned.
Figure is a vertical section of a vessel for freezing water, as above
described. a is the outer cylinder, which is fluted as is shown to give an
ornamental form to the ice; b is an inner cylinder springing from the bottom
of the cylinder a. This inner cylinder may be filled with a non-conducting
material, but I find it work very well if left empty, and made with a small
aperture at the top, as is shewn, so that the freezing material may flow up
into it; c is the cover of the vessel a; it fits on it at the top, and locks with a
bayonet joint.
Figure 6 is a vertical section of the complete apparatus as it
appears when
in use for freezing water and for cooling wine; one of the openings in the
agitator has the water-freezing vessel above described inserted through it, and
the other a wine bottle, which thus occupy the places of the ice pots shown in
Figures 1 and 2. The agitation of the freezing mixture, when freezing water
and cooling wine, is conducted as before by working the agitatori up anddown
by its handle c³, and the agitator will keep the bottles or vessels (which are
not locked in their places) steady, and will not allow them to fall. In place
of the vessel shown at Figure 5, one of the ice pots may be employed for
freezing water; the ice stirrers, however, in this case are no longer required.
The vessel a is furnished with an earthenware cover, which takes the place of
the metal cover d, Figures 1 and 2.
In making dessert ices with the apparatus heretofore employed, it is usual
to freeze the same in a freezing pot, and afterwards to transfer it to a mould
into which the ice is pressed, and then further frozen until it has sufficiently
hardened in the mould. Now, according to this Invention, in place of em-
ploying a separate mould to form the ice after it has been frozen, I employ a
separate pattern or fluting made to fit the freezing pot, and when the ice has
been produced in the usual manner, this separate pattern or fluting is placed
in the pot, being forced down through the ice, which is then pressed down so
as to mould it to the form of the pattern or fluting introduced; thus the use
of a separate mould is avoided.
Figure 7 is a side view, and Figure 8 is a plan of a separate fluting thus
constructed. It will be seen that the several flutes which in the Drawing are
shown to be triangular in section are set round in a circle of the size of the
pot, and so held at the top by a metal ring, and at the bottom they turn at
right angles, and taper in towards the centre, where they are united the one

page_text: to the other; thus, when the flutings are placed in the pot, they fit closely to
it all round, and the ice when turned out will be moulded to the required
form.
In place of introducing the pattern or fluting into the pot after the ice is
formed, it may, if preferred, be mounted on a centre at the bottom of the pot,
and caused to revolve thereon during the freezing operation so as to serve in
place of the ordinary spatula, and when the freezing is complete, the motion
of the pattern or fluting being stopped, the ico becomes solid around it, and
when turned out it will be of the form given to it by the said pattern or
fluting. For this purpose, flutings such as those shown at Figures 7 and 8
are mounted on a centre at the bottom of the pot, and they are furnished
with a handle suitable for rotating them during the process of freezing, or as
would beconvenient should the apparatus be employed with some descriptions
of ice-making apparatus, the flutings may be held stationary whilst the pot is
rotated.
In witness whereof, 1, the said Henry Clarke Ash, have hereunto set
my land and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
HENRY CLARKE ASH. (L.S.)