Improvements in or Applicable to motor Pagine poratou vy Combustion of Hydrocarbon-vapour.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Sept., 1887
Complete Left, 13th June, 1888
Complete Accepted, 13th July, 1888
Improvements in or Applicable to motor Pagine poratou vy
Combustion of Hydrocarbon-vapour.
We, WILLIAM DENT PRIESTMAN and SAMUEL PRIESTMAN, of Holderness Foundry,
Hull, in the County of York, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to motor engines operated by the combustion of inflammable
vapour, such as petroleum or other liquid hydrocarbon mixed with air, and has special
reference to the apparatus applicable for use in the preparation of such vapour, as also
to the construction of the chamber in which the said vapour or working charge is
heated before being admitted to the motor cylinder or other combustion chamber of
the engine. The invention further relates to means for maintaining the inlet valve to
the motor cylinder free from carbonaceous and other matters tending to become
deposited thereon from the vapour.
In the specification filed in pursuance of Jolin Joseph Reveley Humes's Application
for Letters Patent dated 4th September, 1886, No. 11,269, there are described and
illustrated certain forms of heaters (for use with petroleum engines) of the class to
which our present invention is in part applicable; such beaters being provided with
means whereby either the exhaust gases or the flame of a lamp may be applied for the
purpose of heating the hydrocarbon vapour. With a view to imparting adequate
strength to such vessels and enabling them to withstand the effect of what is commonly
known as 'back ignition,' and at the same time to permit of thin metal, adapted for
the rapid transmission of heat, being employed in their construction, we form the body
or barrel of the chamber, enclosing the vapour to be heated, of corrugated copper or
other suitable metal of high conductivity. The effective heating surface of a
vapour-chamber of given capacity is under such circumstances increased and its power
or rapidity of action correspondingly augmented. The external casing or jacket may
also be constructed of corrugated metal with a view to further providing against the
risk of danger attending the accidental explosion of the vapour contained in the heater,
as also against strains arising from inequality of expansion and contraction. The
extremities of the apparatus, or heads with which the requisite connections are attached,
are preferably formed of brass or similar cast metal; the barrel of the heater, as also
the jacket, being brazed or otherwise firmly secured gastight to the heads.

page_text: Upon one of the heads of the heaters is mounted the vapouriser or mixing apparatus
employed in the preparation of the vapour; the method of construction between these
parts being such that the vapouriser may be readily detached for examination,
cleansing or other purpose. This head of the heater is also formed with an annular
passage which surrounds the vapour delivery nozzle, and to which air for admixture
with the vapour is admitted. The side of the annular passage towards the interior of
the heater is perforated with numerous small holes through which the supplementary
air supply to the heater passes; such air being by these means evenly distributed
amongst the vapour contained in the heater and thoroughly mixed therewith.
In constructing valve mechanism adapted for regulating the admission of liquid
hydrocarbon and air to a vapouriser and heater such as hereinbefore referred to, we
form the passages for the respective fluids through the plug of the valve with lateral
extensions of their orifices arranged in such a manner that a greater range of motion
of the controlling valve is rendered necessary before the communication through the
plug of the valve is closed. By these means, the supply of the liquid hydrocarbon
and air respectively to the vapouriser or mixing apparatus and thence to the heater
may be readily graduated and adjusted with great nicety.
In connection with apparatus for the preparation and heating of vapour for use in
motor engines of the class herein before referred to, it is of considerable importance
that the petroleum or other liquid hydrocarbon, as also the air to be mixed therewith,
should be thoroughly strained and freed from dust or other solid impurities before
gaining access to the minute passages through the vapouriser. For this purpose, we
provide each of the passages conveying the fluids to the vapouriser or mixing
apparatus with a chamber fitted with a removable straining box. The latter is
furnished with several sheets of fine wire gauze, arranged alternately with distance
rings which serve to maintain the sheets of gauze in position at a short interval from
one another. For cleansing the strainer, the box is by proference removed bodily,
and the sheets of wire gauze having been withdrawn, cleaned and replaced in the box,
the latter is restored to its chamber and there secured upon the connection being
re-attached. In some instances, particularly where the air is charged with fine dust,
it is advantageous to interpose thin layers of cotton wool or similar straining matorial
between the several sheets of wire gauze.
For maintaining the inlet valve to the motor cylinder free from deposit, we arrange
same in such a manner relatively to the exhaust valve that the waste gases, as they
escape from the cylinder, are caused to flow in a concentrated stream across the face
of the inlet valve. According to one mode of accomplishing this result, we fit the
cylinder internally with a baffle-plate in which is an opening of adequate area
immediately opposite the inlet valve, or so placed in relation to that valve that the
waste gases, on their passage from the interior of the cylinder to the exhaust valve,
are caused to sweep across the face of the inlet valve; the latter being usually
arranged upon the inner face of the cylinder end or cover. The lower edge of the
baffle-plate may be provided with a small opening for the purpose of permitting any
liquid which may become deposited in the cylinder to escape to the exhaust
passage.
Dated this 13th day of September 1887.
G. G. M. HARDINGHAM,
191, Fleet Street, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicants.

page_text: Improvements in or Applicable to Motor Engines Operated by the
Combustion of Hydrocarbon Vapour.
We, WILLIAM DENT PRIESTMAN and SAMUEL PRIESTMAN, of Holderness Foundry,
Hull, in the County of York, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to motor engines operated by the combustion of inflammable
vapour, such as petroleum or other liquid hydrocarbon mixed with air, and has special
reference to the apparatus applicable for use in the preparation of such vapour, as also
to the construction of the chamber in which the said vapour or working charge is
heated before being admitted to the motor cylinder or other combustion chamber of
the engine. The invention further relates to means for maintaining the inlet valve to
the motor cylinder free from carbonaceous and other matters tending to become
deposited thereon from the vapour.
In the specification filed in pursuance of John Joseph Reveley Humes's Application
for Letters Patent, dated 4th September, 1886, No. 11,269, there are described and
illustrated certain forms of heaters (for use with petroleum engines) of the class to
which our present invention is in part applicable; such heaters being provided with
means whereby either the exhaust gases or the flame of a lamp may be applied for the
purpose of heating the hydrocarbon vapour. With a view to imparting adequate
strength to such vessels and enabling thein to withstand the effect of what is commonly
known as 'back ignition' and at the same time to permit of thin metal, adapted for
the rapid transmission of heat, being employed in their construction, we form the body
or barrel of the chamber, enclosing the vapour to be heated, of corrugated copper or
other suitable metal of high conductivity. Such a method of construction is illustrated
in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings; Fig. 1 being a horizontal section,
and Figs. 2 and 3 side and end elevations respectively. a is the body or barrel of the
heating chamber formed of corrugated metal and provided with inlet and outlet
orifices at a a². a³ is a drain-outlet for surplus or condensed liquid. b is the external
casing or jacket serving to conduct the waste gases discharged from the cylinder, or
other heated gases, for bathing the exterior of the vapour-chamber a. The jacket b is
provided with inlet and outlet orifices 61 63 and may also be formed of corrugated
metal. The extremities of the apparatus or heads c c¹, to which the requisite
connections are or may be attached, are preferably formed of brass or similar cast
metal;
the barrel of the heater, as also the jacket, being brazed or otherwise firmly
secured gas-tight to the heads.
By the above-described method of construction, the heating surface of a
vapour-chamber of given capacity is increased, and its power or rapidity of action
correspondingly augmented; and, by forming the jacket of corrugated metal, further
provision is made against the risk of danger attending the accidental explosion of the
vapour contained in the heater, as also against strains arising from inequality of
expansion or contraction with variations of temperature.

page_text: .
Upon the head c of the heater is mounted the vapouriser or mixing apparatus
employed in the preparation of the vapour; the method of connection being shewn to
an enlarged scale in sectional view Fig. 4 and in side and end elevations Figs. 5 and 6,
and being such that the vapouriser may be readily detached for examination, cleansing
or other purpose. The vapourising apparatus (not shewn) is carried in the part d,
which terminates in a flange d', whereby it is held against the face of the body e by
means of the rings f. This ring is furnished with thumb-pieces f', whereby
be rotated, and is provided with two or more radial projections *, formed with inclined
faces (see Fig. 5) and designed to engage behind corresponding lips el projecting from
the face of the body e.
may
The head of the heater or the body e is formed with an annular passage g
which
surrounds the vapour delivery nozzle located at ; a supplementary air supply for
admixture with the vapour being admitted to the said passage by way of the orifice h¹
and escaping through numerous perforations h formed in the side of the annular
passage towards the interior of the heater. By these means, the supplementary air
charge is evenly distributed amongst the vapour contained in the heater and
thoroughly mixed therewith.
In constructing valve-mechanism adapted for regulating the admission of liquid
hydrocarbon and air to a vapouriser and heater such as hereinbefore referred to, we
form the passages for the respective fluids through the plug of the valve with lateral
extensions of their orifices arranged in such a manner, relatively to the adjacent
extremities of the passages through the shell of the valve, that a greater range of
motion of the controlling valve is rendered necessary before the communication through
the plug of the valve is closed or considerably restricted. This feature of our
invention is illustrated in the elevation Fig. 7 and the transverse sections Figs. 8
and 9; j being a valve-plug traversed by passages for the liquid hydrocarbon and
air respectively, either or both orifices of each passage being formed with a lateral
extension, which vanishes in a circumferential direction. By these means, the
supply of the liquid hydrocarbon and air respectively to the vapouriser or mixing
apparatus and thence to the heater may be readily graduated and adjusted with great
nicety.
It will be obvious that this feature of our invention is equally applicable with a
valve operated reciprocatively instead of rotatively; the lateral enlargement of the
orifice extending in the direction of movement of the valve-surface.
In connection with apparatus for the preparation and heating of vapour for use in
motor engines of the class hereinbefore referred to, it is of considerable importance
that the petroleum or other liquid hydrocarbon, as also the air to be mixed therewith,
should be thoroughly strained and freed from dust or other solid impurities before
gaining access to the minute passages through the vapouriser. For this purpose, we
provide each of the passages conveying the fluids to the vapouriser or mixing
apparatus with a chamber fitted with a removeable straining box such as shewn in
longitudinal section in Fig. 10. The straining box k is furnished with several sheets
of fine wire gauze / arranged alternately with distance-rings m, which serve to
maintain the sheets of gauze in position at a short interval from one another. Or, the
sheets of wire gauze may, if preferred, be mounted in such rings, as indicated in the
present design; the several rings m being formed with male and female conical faces
so as to seat, each in the next, with a tight joint. The screwed ring o secures the
several rings or gauze-carriers m in place and layers of cotton wool or similar straining
material may be interposed between the several sheets 7. For cleansing the strainer,
the box k is by preference removed bodily from the chamber in which it is fitted, and
the sheets of wire gauze 1 having been withdrawn, cleaned and replaced in the box,
the cotton wool or similar straining material (when used) having been at the same
time renewed, the box is restored to its chamber.
For maintaining the inlet valve to the motor cylinder free from deposit, we arrange
same in such a manner, relatively to the exhaust valve, that the waste gases, as they
escape from the cylinder, are caused to flow in a concentrated stream across the face
of the inlet valve. One mode of accomplishing this result is illustrated in Figs. 11

page_text: and 12, whereof the former is a sectional view of the cylinder-end or-cover in which
the inlet and exhaust valves are mounted, and the latter an internal face view. The
cylinder p is provided internally with a baffle-plate q, in which is an opening q¹ of
adequate area immediately opposite the inlet valve, or so placed in relation to that
valve that the waste gases, on their passage from the interior of the cylinder to the
exhaust valve s, are caused to sweep across the face of the inlet valve. The lower
edge of the baffle-plate g may be provided with a small opening q² for the purpose of
permitting any liquid which may become deposited in the cylinder to escape to the
exhaust passage.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, we claim in respect of motor engines
operated by the combination of hydrocarbon vapour :—
1st: Constructing the body of the vessel, in which the working charge is heated
previously to being admitted to the motor cylinder or other combustion chamber, of
corrugated copper or other metal of similarly high conductivity, the heads of the said
vessel being formed of cast metal, substantially as described with reference to Figs. 1,
2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings.
2ndly Constructing the body of the jacket, surrounding the heating vessel and
serving to convey the waste or other heated gases for bathing the same, of corrugated
metal, substantially as and for the purposes herein referred to.
3rdly-The improved method of mounting the vapouriser, substantially as described
with reference to Figs. 4, 5 and 6, and whereby the same may be readily detached for
examination, cleansing or other purpose.
4thly The improved means, substantially as described with reference to Fig. 4,
for thoroughly mixing the supplementary air charge with the vapour, and comprising
an annular passage (g) surrounding or disposed about the vapour inlet and having
numerous perforations (2) through which the additional air is equally distributed and
dispersed amongst the vapour in the preparation of the working charge.
5thly In a controlling valve for regulating the admission of liquid hydrocarbon
or air to the vapouriser or mixing apparatus, forming the orifice or orifices of the
passage or passages through the valvo-plug with an enlargement or enlargements
which vanishes or vanish in the direction of movement of the valve-surface, sub-
stantially as described with reference to Figs. 7, 8 and 9 and for the purpose set
forth.
:-
6thly The improved construction of straining box applicable to either the liquid
or the gas passage leading to the vapouriser and bodily removeable therefrom,
substantially as described with reference to Fig. 10.
7thly Arranging the inlet and exhaust valves in such a manner relatively to one
another that the exhaust gases in escaping from the cylinder are caused to flow in a
concentrated stream across the face of the inlet valve, substantially as and for the
purpose herein set forth.
8thly-The employment of a baffle-plate (g) mounted substantially as shewn in
Figs. 11 and 12 and operating to direct the exhaust gases across the face of the inlet
valve.
G. G. M. HARDINGHAM,
191, Fleet Street, London, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicants.