Improvements in and connected with Raising and Superheating 9 Steam.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Oct., 1894-Accepted, 12th Jan., 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Raising and Superheating
9
Steam.
I, EUGENE SHYDECKER of No. 612 Fourth Street in the City and County of
San Francisco State of California U.S.A. Mechanical Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to a device which is adapted especially to steam boilers
and engines connected therewith, and is designed to save fuel and to increase the
efficiency of steam wherever that is used.
It consists in certain details of construction which will be more fully explained
by reference to the accompanying drawings upon which
Figure 1 is a general view showing an end elevation of the boiler and engine,
with a vertical section of a part of the heating apparatus.
Figures 2 and 3 are vertical sectional views of the interior of the main boiler and
its attachments.
Figure 4 is a sectional side view of a super-heating device.
Figure 5 is a transverse section of the same.
Figure 6 is a transverse section of the cylinder jacket and heater.
Figure 7 is a perspective view of a section of the jacket.
A is a boiler of any usual or suitable construction having beneath it the
furnace F for the reception of fuel by which the water is heated and converted into
steam in this boiler.
In carrying out my invention I employ two boilers A and B, the smaller one B
being situated in the upper part within the steam space of the boiler A see
Figs. 2 & 3.
Each of these boilers is provided with tubes C through which the heat from the
furnace may pass.
By fixing the smaller boiler within the larger, I am enabled to apply the heat
of the steam generated in the smaller boiler, and at the same time to serve as a
jacket thereto having a temperature as much higher than that of boiling water as
would be due to the amount of pressure carried in the larger boiler.
F are the grate bars within the furnace, upon which the fuel is burnt.
G is a passage leading from this part of the furnace to the rear of the boilers
and through this passage a large portion of the heat from the furnace passes.
This passage is narrow just behind the grate bars, as shown in Figure 2, and
extends to the rear combustion chamber H before it again expands, thus assisting
to produce a stronger draft from the furnace by the concentration of the products
of combustion in the narrow passage.
Above this passage G is a chamber I formed by a masonry or other wall J
which curves downwardly over the rear portion of the furnace, and thence exten Is
upwardly at an incline, forming the upper wall or roof of the passage G.
The chamber I above this rocf, formed by the peculiar shape of the wall J
serves to receive a jet of steam which is delivered into it from the engine through
a. pipe K, and it is discharged through an enlarged perforated end forming a sort.
of jet nozzle so that the steam is distributed throughout the chamber.
Air is admitted into the same chamber from a point beneath the grates or from
other suitable points through a pipe or pipes L.

page_text: These pipes extend to the outer air, and upon reach side of the. ash-pit, and the
supply of air to them is controlled by valves or dampers M.
-
Through the wall J openings or passages N are made which lead from the
furnace proper into this chamber. I, and the heat thus admitted to this chamber
raises the temperature of the air, and at the same time super-heats the steam which
had been admitted into the chamber...
Other passages O lead out through the inclined roof of the passage G and
connect the chamber I with the passage G so that the heated air and super-heated
steam are admitted into the passage and mingle with the products of combustion
which have passed into the passage from the furnace, thus supplying a fresh amount
of oxygen for the combustion of these products, besides the addition of the super-
heated steam which has been found useful under such conditions.
From the rear chamber H, the products of combustion first pass through the
flues C of the larger boiler and thence pass up through a front chamber P, and are
returned through the flues C¹ of the smaller boiler, being delivered thence into
the chimney Q
A partition or diaphragm is made across the chamber H between the lower
part of the boiler B and the space below it, and this is controlled by a valve R.
When this valve is closed, the products of combustion pass through the flues C
as described, and when it is opened the products of combustion pass straight up
the chimney without passing through these flues or entering the flues C₁ of the
smaller boiler.
By thus controlling the current of the heat, I. am enabled to regulate, in a
large measure, the rapidity with which steam is produced in the boilers.
By reason of the enclosure of the smaller boiler in the steam space of the
larger one it is perfectly jacketed as before described, aud in addition to this
jacket of hot steam, I apply the direct heat passing through the flues so that I am
enabled to produce steam in the small boiler independently of that produced in the
larger boiler.
The steam from the two boilers may be delivered to one, or to two separate
engines which may connect with the same crank shaft and which should be properly
proportioned to each other with reference to the proportionate size of the two
boilers, or it may pass into a steam drum C2 which is connected with these
boilers..
A pressure gauge S is connected with the larger boiler, and another S¹ with the
smaller one, and both boilers may have the usual safety valves and similar well
known appliances.
T is a pipe leading from the smaller boiler through the side of the larger boiler,
and in this pipe is a valve controlled opening at U through which, if desired, any
surplus pressure of steam in either of the boilers may be admitted into the other
so as to equalize the pressure in the two boilers if it be found desirable.
By the side of the boilers A and beneath the steam drum is a supplemental
heater E which is connected both with the boiler A and with the steam drum C²,
and this heater and the boiler A may also be connected, if desired, below the
water line, so that there will be a perfectly free circulation of steam and water
between the two.
The steam drum is connected by a pipe V with a super-heater and cylinder W
through which the steam is worked to drive the engine and through this a dynamo.
Within the supplemental heating chamber E see Fig. 1 are fixed coils of con-
ducting wire 1, each coil being wound upon a core of insulating material thus
forming a helix, and these are connected with each other by arcs D see Figs. 4 & 5
at each end; the coils are formed of less perfectly conducting material or of
thinner wire so as to form resistant connections, and the whole is surrounded by a
mass of fire-clay, terra-cotta, or other form of earthen material, and emery or
other suitable non-conducting material which encloses the helices and connecting
arcs, and will transmit the heat-generated in them to the water in the heater E.
These plates are arranged in series through the chamber E, with intermediate

page_text: spaces through which the water is allowed to freely circulate and in which they are
kept constantly submerged.
The operation of the device will then be as follows:
The boiler A and the supplemental heater E are cut off from each other by
closing cocks in the connecting pipes, and the supplemental heater is also cut off
from connection with the steam drum. Fire is then built in the furnace F of the
boiler A and steam is raised. As soon as a sufficient amount of steam is developed
and passes into the steam drum C, the engine may be started by opening the
proper valve and this sets the dynamo in motion and produces a current of
electricity. This electrical current then passes by suitable connecting wires L'
from the dynamo to the supplemental heater E, and as the current is transmitted
through a series of plates fixed within the heater, as before described, the
resistance caused by the reduced area of the conducting wires will develop a con-
siderable degree of heat, which is diffused by means of the surrounding plates,
and this diffused heat acts to raise the temperature of the water surrounding the
plates and eventually transform it into steam.
As soon as the gauges show that this point is being reached, the connection
between this supplemental heater and the main boiler or heater A is opened and
thereafter the steam developed by the two is commingled and used together. The
reduction in the use of fuel will depend upon the amount of heat which can be
developed by the supplemental boiler.
The steam from the steam drum passing into the engine cylinder is acted upon
by the series of coils and resistance circuits which surround and are fixed with
relation to the engine cylinder, as shown in Figs. 4, 5 and 6, and all steam which
passes in at this point is heated and dried so that it works in the cylinder in a
comparatively dry state and with the most economical results.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is-
1st. The improvement in fuel saving boilers and super-heaters consisting of the
main boiler with the grate, and means for converting water into steam within it, a
supplemental heater containing diffusion plates and resistance coils through which
a current of electricity is caused to travel and pipes connecting the boiler and
supplemental chamber, and also connecting them with a common steam drum as
herein described.
2nd. The main and supplemental boilers and heater, and means for conveying
steam to an engine, and an interposed super-heater consisting of a jacket
surrounding the cylinder and containing helices and connecting resistant arcs.
3rd. In a steam generator, the two boilers, one contained within the other and
having flues connecting with front and rear combustion chambers, a furnace
having a passage leading from the grate to the rear combustion chamber, and a
chamber formed in the rear of the furnace having openings through which heat is
admitted directly thereto and other openings leading therefrom into the passage of
the combustion chamber, pipes through which air is delivered into said chamber,
and other pipes through which exhaust steam is also delivered therein, substantially
as described.
Dated this Sixteenth day of October 1894.