TYPE-WRITER
Year: 1884

page_text: I, GEORGE THOMAS HARRAP, Engineer, of 35 Upper Tollington Park, in the
parish of Hornsey, in the county of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
my invention for ▲ TYPE-WRITER to be as follows:-
Type-writers as at present made are, on the one hand, very expensive, contain a
large number of small delicate parts and are cumbrous; and on the other hand,
contain such movements as make them difficult or slow to operato; and in nearly
all cases the writing cannot be seen immediately after being written without some
movement of the paper which stops the operation of the type-writer; the spacing
for the double letters and capitals also is not always simply automatic. All these
defects I propose to remedy in my invention.
"
The main body of the type-writer consists of a light box (preferably of metal)
which is open at the bottom and partly at the back. The front portion, or that part
towards the operator, has a raised portion on the top (at about half way from the
front, and running from left to right) which the operator touches to produce the
spacings"; from the top of this raised portion the top of the box (preferably)
slopes downwards towards the operator. That portion of the top of the box
between the said raised portion (or "space" stop) and the back is perforated with
(preferably) circular holes to receive, and act as guides for, the pins on which are
mounted the "buttons" with the necessary letters, figures, stops & marked on their
upper portion, and which are touched by the operator in "writing" any of these
letters, figures, or stops &°. The tops of the first row of "buttons" are, preferably,
above the top surface of the "space" stop, and each row is, preferably, higher than
that which is nearer the operator, or the front. The beforementioned perforations
are placed in a suitable number of rows spaced from front to back (generally four)
and each row contains a convenient number of these perforations (generally eleven).
The first, and each succeeding, perforation of each row however, is not immediately
in line with the first of any other row, but they are each an equal distance in
advance of the other: that is (as I prefer to arrange them) taking the first per-
foration in the front row as number one, that of the third row is number two, that
of the second row is number three, and that of the fourth row is number four as to
distance from the first perforation of the first row, and measured from left to right.
The front end (preferably) of the box at each side, is pivoted to two brackets fixed

page_text: "
to the stationery foundation board or plate, so that by pressure being applied to it,
on top, it will fall; the amount, speed and recoil of the fall being regulated by
suitable springs and stops at the back end, bearing on the said foundation plate or
board. This fall however may be parallel, the box sliding on, or in, vertical guides,
or on a suitable parallel motion, with or without a movement from back to front.
The top of said box may be supplied with raised guides running from left to right,
at such a distance from the perforations that a "flat" on the lower portion of the
"button" bears against the guide, and so prevents the "button" from turning.
Or the perforations in the top of the box may be angular or oval, fitting suitable
spindles on the said " buttons," for the same purpose.
Inside the box are pivoted, at different sides, (preferably) two flat plates, pre-
ferably of metal. These plates each extend from about the centre line of the box
(from front to back) to near the side opposite to that to which they are pivoted,
the surfaces of the plates being generally parallel to the top of the box. The con-
necting portions from the plates to the pivots are, preferably, two thin flat levers,
the largest dimension being at right angles to the plates, attached to, or in one
with, the underside of the said plates, and cranked down so as not to interfere with
the movement of the other plate under which they pass.
All the before mentioned pivots I prefer to be pointed pins screwed into a fixed
portion and just entering the moving portion, or vice versa, and these points may
be hardened and bear on specially hardened "fast" or "loose" pieces.
"
The pins carrying the before mentioned "buttons are preferably, increased in
diameter below the underside of the top of the box, and bear on the tops of the
plates so that if all the buttons have an equal amount of vertical movement
they will make a varying angle of oscillation on the plates. This movement of
the plates is preferably conveyed through one of each of their flat lever portions,
to a double (normally) horizontal lever near the back, and inside the box. The
double lever having preferably a pin at each of its outer ends working in slots in
the said lever portions. This double lever is preferably fixed to a small weigh
shaft working in a bearing (or pivoted) carried from the top of the box, and which is
thus oscillated varying angular distances in one direction or another, according as
to which "button" and lever are depressed. This weigh shaft carrys at its outer
back extremity a U shaped lever, having preferably an internal curved rack at its
upper extremities. This rack gears with a small pinion fixed to (or in one with)
a light open circular or polyagonal drum, or segment, around, or on, the circum-
ferance of which is placed the type, preferably one row for the capitals and one
for the small type where necessary. This drum revolves on a fixed axis carried by
an inverted shaped (preferably) bracket fixed to, or in one with, the top (at the
extreme back) of the box.
The depression of the "buttons" therefore revolves the type wheel, or drum, to
its proper "writing position," and then coming in contact with the top of the box,
depresses the said box and drum also, and thus prints, or "writes," the required
letter, figure or stop & ; or where there is no type on the drum, producing a space
by depressing the box without revolving the drum, by touching the beforementioned
space" stop.
The inking may be by means of an automatically moved inking ribbon, or by
pads, or rollers, if the latter two, preferably one on each side of the drum. The
automatic movement of the ribbon may be produced by suitable ratchet wheels
operated by fixed stops during the decent of the box, and coil springs to return
the ribbon when at its extreme length one way. Or the ribbon may be continuous
and pass over and under the drum in the direction of its axis, so that the movement
of the ribbon is in one direction only. The said ribbon may also be attached to
the carriage of the roller upon which the paper is partially wound, and have a
slight automatic, or otherwise, movement across or along the same: with this
latter arrangement more than one ribbon may be used, and two or more documents
may be
written" at one and the same time, and the movement of the ribbon
would be caused by movable stops; preferably attached to the box.
01

page_text: The paper, or other material, upon which the writing is to be made, is preferably
partially wound on a horizontal roller (with its axis parallel to the back of the box,
and at a short distance from it) supported at the necessary height above the
foundation plate or board; on a suitable carriage, the carriage sliding, or rolling,
on suitable fixed rails, or guides, on the foundation board or plate, or raised above
To cause the paper to move certainly with the roller, when the latter
revolves on its axis for the purpose of commencing a new line of "writing," I
preferably place a small roller on each side, at each end, of the paper roller, which
small rollers are pressed onto the paper roller by means of suitable springs, or elastic
bands, or otherwise, and so hold the paper tightly between them.
the same.
For traversing the carriage, and thus the paper roller, to produce the necessary
spacing for and between the adjacent letters to be printed or "written," I place
preferably a quick threaded screw revolving in, and travelling with the said carriage,
its partial revolution being caused by a suitable wiper quadrant, pinion, pawl lever,
pawl and ratchet wheel carried on, and between a bracket fixed to the foundation
plate or board. The quadrant wiper being depressed by a projection on the spacing
bar carried in the box at its back end. The nut in which the screw engages is
preferably a partial one, generally embracing about one half of the circumference
of the screw, and is pivoted to the before mentioned bracket so that it can be
raised out of gear with the screw by means of a suitable adjustable stop on the
carriage, which stop may also ring a bell six letters (preferably) before it
disengages the nut at the end of the line of writing of required length.
For bringing the paper roller and carriage back to the "commencing" position,
and at the same time revolving the roller for the next line of "writing," I place a
weigh shaft in a bearing in the carriage and bring it horizontally forward under
the box, untill its extremety is in front of the "space" stop, where it is carried
vertically up through the inclined portion of the box (working in a long slot
therein) and is fitted at its upper extremity with a hinged portion which lays,
and traverses, upon a suitable index plate fixed to the said inclined portion of the
box, and showing by its position thereon the number of letters that have been
"written" from the cominencement of the line. The back. end of the before-
mentioned shaft is fitted with suitable levers and rods connected to a movable bar
between the ends of the carriage, which bar engages with a suitable projection on
the beforementioned nut to disengage it, or keep keep it out of gear, preferably, on
partially revolving the said shaft, so that the carriage can be moved by a sideways
movement of the said shaft after angling the vertical portion thereof, the hinged
portion being placed vertical and forming a handle for so doing. On bringing the
vertical portion of the said shaft to its normal position, a pawl suitably connected
therewith engages with a ratchet wheel on the paper roller, and moves it the
required distance for the next line of "writing." The beforementioned shaft may
be arranged to disengage the said nut and revolve the said paper roller by sliding
it forward or backward in its bearing, by lifting or depressing it, or angling it from
left to right, or vice versa. Instead of pawls and ratchets I may use any suitable
silent feed arrangements of the usual well known construction.
The drum, or segment, carrying the type when depressed comes in contact with
that portion of the paper on the highest portion of the roller, and when raised
allows the writer, or operator, to see the last letter so " written," or printed,
between the U shaped levers and curved rack, and inverted n shaped bracket on
the box.
The extra spacing for the double letters M and W, may be produced by moving
the beforementioned space bar side ways, or by depressing it, so that the stop on
the bar is depressed, or a lower portion of it comes into play, to depress the
seginent wiper, actuating the screw as the box rises by means of a suitable
spring, band &°. This depression or movement may be actuated by means of
suitable shafts and wipers carried in the box, and engaging with a prolongation
of the spindle of the necessary "button" through, and below, the plates, so that

page_text: the depression of the said "button" gives the extra spacing required as well as
producing the other movements.
When capitals or another row (or rows) of type are required on the type-
wheel or drum, these are brought into the "printing position" by moving the
drum horizontally from front to back on its spindle, by means of a push "button"
carried in the said spindle and engaging with a groove in the drum or pinion,
this push is also connected to the space bar so that that bar is moved, or depressed,
so as to produce the extra spacing if required, during the whole time that the
capitals or other row, or rows, of letters, figures & are in use. This push would
require cranking or dividing to clear the inking ribbon, if used in some of the
previously mentioned ways.
To make the action of this type-writer more certain, I may use a stop which
holds the box stationary untill the required letter on the drum is brought quite or
nearly into the "printing position" when the said stop is released by the action of
the plates and levers, and the box descends and the letter is printed on the paper,
the stop being returned to its first position by means of suitable springs, weights &
or I may have the top of the box made separate from the sides, and allow the said
top to fall bodily, or angularly, when the "button" comes in contact with the same,
and so act on the said stop and release it, its return taking place as previously
described.

page_text: I, GEORGE THOMAS HARRAP, Engineer, of 35 Upper Tollington Park, London, N.
do hereby declare the nature of my invention for A TYPE-WRITER and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:—
Type writers as at present made are on the one hand very expensive, contain a
large number of small delicate parts and are cumbrous; and on the other hand
contain such movements as make them difficult or slow to operate; and in nearly
all cases the writing cannot be seen immediately after being written without some
movement of the paper which stops the operation of the type-writer; the spacing
for the double letters and capitals also is not always simply automatic. All these
defects I propose to remedy in my invention.
And so that my invention may be better understood I have caused to be annexed
to this specification the accompanying drawings wherein the like letters and
numbers refer to the like parts. Fig. 1. 2. 3 show a complete machine of which
Fig. 1 is a cross section, Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section and Fig. 3 a plan. Figs. 4
to 19 are details as hereinafter described.
The main body of the type-writer consists of a light box A (preferably of
metal) Fig. 1. which is open at the bottom and partly at the back as shown, it is
hinged at the front part on the pin B, the weight being supported by the springs C.
The centre portion D of the top of the box A is preferably separate from the box A
and is also hinged on the pin B, its weight being supported by the springs E.
This part D is perforated to receive the pins ○ of the stops or buttons N as shown
and has also two snugs F which come in contact with the top of the box A when
the movement of the part D is completed. This part D also operates the lever G
(Fig. 2) or toggle G (Fig. 4) so as to allow the box to be depressed as required, the
pin H is carried by the lever portions of the part D and the lever G and toggle G
are pivoted at K to the base frame M, and at L the lever G engages with the
box A, and the togglo G is pivoted at L to A. The base frame M is preferably of
metal and carries the hinge pin B the box and top springs C & E and roller
carriage guides X2 and X 3 &. The pins O of the stops or buttons N work
through (preferably) circular holes acting as guides to the pins O, and the buttons
have marked on the top their equivalent characters to that of which an impression
is required, when depressed by the operator. The part D (Fig. 5) may be supplied
with raised guides P which with a flat on a part of the buttons N keeps the latter
from revolving. The perforations may however be angular or oval with similar
pins O passing through them, or any of the well known guides may be used for
the same purpose. The tops of the first row of buttons N are preferably above the
top surface of the space stop Z and each row of buttons N is preferably higher
than that which is nearer the operator, as shown in Fig. 1.
The beforementioned perforations in the part D are placed in a suitable number
of rows spaced from front to back (generally four) and each row contains a con-
venient number of these perforations (generally eleven). When a plate lever or
levers are used as hereinafter described I prefer the first and each succeeding
---

page_text: perforation of each row to be not immediately in line with the first or others of
any other row, but they are each an equal distance in advance of the other and the
first of any one row; that is as shown in Fig. 5 each perforation, except the first,
(reading from left to right) is an equal distance in advance of the next nearest in
another line. When the levers are arranged as shown in Fig. 8 the arrangement of
the perforations as shown in Fig. 5 is always necessary. The pins O may be
attached to the levers and buttons as shown in Figs. 1 & 6 adjustments being
made with lock nuts, screws in the points or buttons, with or without lock nuts,
or a plain pin may be used without adjustments, pivoted to the levers or having
a stop pin or collar at the lower end, the boss on the top of the part D being
made the right length.
Inside the box are pivoted one or more levers Q on which the pins O operate.
I generally prefer two flat plate levers Q, Figs. 6 & 7 pivoted at different sides
on the pins 3, and extending from about the centre of the box A to the sides as
shown, the surfaces of the plates Q being normally parallel to the top of the box A.
By carrying the thin lever portions of one of the plate levers under the plate of
the other as shown in Fig. 7 the width of the box A may be reduced, but, for the
usual arrangement of the buttons N, the type wheel R has then to revolve further
from its normal position for the letters mostly in use than for those not so often
used, so that the arrangements shown in Fig. 6 are preferable as obviating this
disadvantagous revolution of the type-wheel R. If a lever to each button is used
I arrange them as shown in Figs. 1. 2. 3 & 8; all the thin light levers Q, preferably
of iron, with their breadth vertical, are carried on the one pin Q3 and kept apart
by distance pieces or ferrules as shown; and each lever is brought to its normal
position by a separate spring Q2 bearing on the underside of the lever Q and on
the top of a piece of wood (preferably) carried in the box A. In Figs. 1. 2 & 3 the
levers run across the box A, and in Fig. 8 the levers Q run from back to front
and their ends come in contact with two other levers S connected to the segment
lever T which revolves the type wheel R. In Fig. 3 the buttons are arranged to
allow each lever to clear the other and be quite straight, this arrangement is also
easy for the operator.
If a single lever Q is used to each button N, the levers Q may be pivoted as
described with reference to Fig. 7.
One plate lever Q may be used pivoted at one of its ends or at its centre, and
upon which all the pins O bear. If the one plate lever Q be used pivoted at one
of its ends the type wheel R will turn in one direction only on any button N being
depressed.
The loose top D of the box A can be dispensed with as well as the springs under
the buttons N (Fig. 6) but there will be a loss in speed, a wider box A will be
required, and with reference to Figs. 6 & 7 half or all the buttons N would move
when one button only was depressed.
The beforementioned pivots or hinge pins for the box A and levers Q, and the
pivots or bearings hereinafter described with reference to the lever T, may be
pointed pins screwed into a fixed portion and just entering the moving portion, or
vice versa, and these points may be hardened and bear on specially hardened "fast"
or " loose"
pieces.
All the arrangements of levers Q depend for their proper action upon a certain
limited vertical travel being given to each button N, and this vertical movement
can be made more uniform throughout by the arrangement of the buttons N
mentioned with reference to Fig. 5, when giving the different angular movement
required at the point of contact of the levers Q with the lever T. The levers Q
may be provided with a slot U in which a pin V on a projection T3 of the lever T
works (or on a lever fastened on the same spindle W as the lever T) so as to
convey the motion from the lever Q to the lever T and so through the segments T1
and T2 to the pinion R1 and spindle R2 of the type wheel R. With this
arrangement the levers Q (Figs. 6 & 7) and S (Fig. 8) must move together, but so
as to reduce the size of the machine, and have fewer parts in motion at one timo

page_text: I prefer to use the arrangement shown in Figs. 2 and 6, the projection Q1, on the
levers Q, being so placed that when one lever Q is depressed the projection Q1
comes in contact with its relative bar T 4, connected to the lever T, while the other
bar T4 in revolving clears its relative projection Q1, on the other lever Q. In
this arrangement separate springs are required to bring the levers Q to their
normal position as shown at Q2. The parts T4, preferably covered with some
soft material to prevent noise, are attached at one end to the segment lover T, and
at the other end to a suitable lever T5 fixed to the same spindle Was the lever T.
The top end of the lever T has a segment T2 in one with it, and against_this
segment T2, tooth to tooth, is a similar segment T1 fixed to the lever T by
the screws T 6, so that the loose segment Ti can be moved sideways along T2
to take up the wear between the said segments and the pinion R1. To bring
the segment lever T back to its normal position I use (preferably) two flat
springs T7 acting against the pegs T8 on the lever T, and fixed to a bracket T9
which is fixed to the box A. The spindle W is carried in bearings fixed to or in
one with the box A. The type wheel R is preferably made up of a disc R 3, in one
with the spindle R2, with a projecting flange near its periphery on which the
metal type R7 rests, and a loose disc R 4 set up by the nut R5 (on a continuation
of the spindle R2) against the type R7 and distance piece R6 when required,
The combined wheel is preferably circular, but may be for some purposes made
polygonal. Two rows of type are used when "capitals" and "small" are required
in the same machine, and as either is required the type wheel is moved from front
to back (or vice versa) by the button RS, spindle R9, and jaw R10, its position
being maintained by the catch R 11 and spring & as shown. The spindle R 2
revolves in a bearing in one with the box A as shown at Fig 1. Rubber type may
be used if required.
The ink is applied to the paper & upon which the "writing" is being done by
an "inked ribbon" 23 (Fig. 15) wound, preferably, on two bobbins 17 carried by
the case 16 which covers the type wheel R, and is fixed to the backet on the box Å
(Fig. 1) by the feet 10. The spindles of the bobbins are supplied with ratchet
wheels 18 against which works a light spring bar 24 carried in suitable guides 12
and 25 on the case 16. The bar 24 has a square slot in it, through which the
upper squared part of the pin 14 passes, this pin 14 comes in contact with the
roller frame X1 when the type wheel R is despressed for printing, and is raised so
that the bend on the upper portion of the spindle 14, immediately under the
head 13, causes the rod 24 to move sideways, and so draws back from the tooth of
the wheel 18 with which it was last in contact, the spring of the rod 24 causing it
to fall low enough to catch the next tooth; as the type wheel rises and the spring
on the spindle 14 brings the bar 24 to its first position, so moving the ratchet
wheel 18 round on its axis. When the ribbon is uncoiled from one of the
bobbins 17, the head 13, of the pin 14, is lifted untill the lower round portion of
the pin 14 is in the square slot in the bar 24, when the pin 14 in reversed and so
brings the bar 24 in contact with the ratchet wheel 18 on the empty bobbin, so
that the ribbon is recoiled on the same. To keep the ribbon 23 free from the type
wheel RI pass it under the guide pins, or rollers, 15 carried by the case 16, so that
the type does not strike the ribbon untill just as it is about to touch the paper in
the usual way. In Fig. 16 I show another arrangement where I use a lever 23,
bar 20, and guide 22, in connection with the pin 14 for the same purpose, the bar 20
being thrown over on to the other guide to that on which it is shown when the
left hand bobbin is empty. I may also use inking pads or rollers bearing lightly
against the type wheel R, preferably one on each side of the latter. Instead of
reversing the bobbins as herein before described, one of them may be supplied with
a coil spring and a second pawl must be added to the ratchet wheel on the other
bobbin, so as to hold the bobbin while the bars 20 or 24 are not in action, then
by relieving the second pawl the ribbon will recoil on the bobbin having the
spring. The ribbon may also be continuous and continually pass round one way,
and be carried over as well as under the type-wheel, either across or in the

page_text: direction of its axis R 2. The ribbon may be also attached to the roller
carriage X 1, or the frame M, and have a similar automatic movement worked
by the depression of the box A acting through the bar Z1 (or another bar in a
suitable position) and pawl lever and springs actuating the ratchet wheels 18,
this arrangement is preferable when more than one "inked ΟΙ "carbon" ribbon
is in use for manifolding.
The type wheel R may be only a segment of a circle instead of a complete circle
as shown.
The paper or other material upon which the printing is to be made, is preferably
partially wound on a horizontal roller ✗, covered with rubber, with its axis parallel
to the back of the box A and a short distance from it, and supported at a sufficient
height above the base plate M, on the carriage X1, which preferably slides on the
rail or guide bar X2 which is fixed to the base plate M as shown, and the guide
screw or ratchet bar X3 which may be fixed to, or revolve in, bearings in the base
plate M, or revolve in the bearings on the carriage X 1. The roller X, preferably
of wood and supplied with a metal axis pin or pins X 10, revolves in suitable
bearings fixed to the carriage X1, one end of the axis pin carries the ratchet
wheel X 9. To cause the paper to move certainly with the roller ✗, when the
latter revolves on its axis for the purpose of commencing a new line of " writing,"
I preferably place a small roller on each side (at each end) of the roller X, which
small rollers are pressed on to the roller X by means of suitable springs or elastic
bands &, and so hold the paper between them. For general purposes however
I use the guide springs X 5, which guide the paper from the back of the machine
round the roller X untill just near the top of the roller where the said springs hold
the paper close to the said roller; and the guide X4, with its springs X 6, which
keeps the paper close on the said roller until printed on.
For traversing the carriage X1, and with it the roller ✗, to produce the spacing
for, and between, the characters being written, I preferably use, when great exact-
ness is required, a quick threaded screw X 3, Figs. 11-12-13-18 & 19, revolving in
and travelling with the carriage X 1, its partial revolution being caused by a 1
suitable wiper quadrant M 8 gearing with a pinion M 4, which is in one with the
pawl lever plate M 5 carrying a pawl and spring M7 actuating the ratchet
wheel M 6 having a suitable key running in a keyway in the screw X3, and so
revolving it. The wheels &° M4, M5, M6, are kept in place by the brackets M1
and M2 in one with the base M; the wiper quadrant M 8 is pivotted in an
extension of M1 and has a wiper piece M10 which is actuated by the decent
of Z1 (which moves with the box A) and is returned to its normal position by the
spring M 9. The nut Y 30, in which the screw X3 works, is a partial one,
generally embracing about half the circumferance, and is pivoted to the bracket M 2,
so that it can be raised out of gear with the screw X3, by means of a projection on
the stop bar Y 31 adjustable in the carriage X1 by means of the slot X 12 and
suitable nut for clamping; an index on the part XI showing at what number of
spaces the nut Y 30 is lifted out of gear. The stop bar Y 31 has a projection at its
lower end which depresses and then releases the lever and hammer M 3 so as to
allow the said hammer to strike the bell Y 14 about six spaces before the one at 4
which the nut Y 30 is lifted out of gear by the other projection on the stop
bar Y 31 comming in contact with the projection Y 32 on the side of the nut Y 30.
For bringing the paper roller X back to the "commencing" position, and at the
same time revolving the said roller X for the next line of writing, I place a weigh
shaft Y (Figs. 17 & 18) in a bearing X 11 on the carriage X 1, arranging the said t
shaft Y to pass under the box A and up on the front and index Y 17 as shown at
Figs. 1 & 3, terminating in an hinged index finger Y 16 which travels along the
index Y 17 showing the spaces moved by the carriage. The back end of the
shaft Y, Figs. 17 & 18, is fitted with a lever X 15 which on the angling of
the vertical portion Y 13 (Fig. 1) of the shaft Y, in a direction from right to left, &
raises the hinged bar X 14 carried, between the carriage bearings X7, and hinged
on the guide X2 by the levers X 13, the bar X 14 then comes in contact with the.

page_text: projection Y 32 on the nut Y 30 and raises it out of gear, if the nut has not already
been raised by the bar Y 31, so that the carriage X1 can be moved by a sideways
movement of the shaft Y, the part Y 16 (Figs. 1 & 3) being raised to catch hold of
for that purpose.
At the same time that the bar X 14 is raised, a a light spring
piece Y11, fixed to the lever portion X 13 of the bar X 14, causes a partial
revolution of the ratchet wheel X 9 on the centre pin X 10 (Fig. 3) of the roller X,
and so brings the paper round ready for the next line; an ordinary pawl and lever
connected by a rod to X 13 may be used instead of the arrangement shown.
Instead of angling the part Y 13 (Fig. 1) of the shaft Y for the purposes above
described I may lift it, in that case the shaft Y (Figs. 17 & 18) may be made flat
and fixed to the carriage X1 as shown in Fig. 1. The bar X 14 and the nut Y 30
(Figs. 17 & 18) would not be required, and one, or both, of the bearings X8 on the
screw X3 would be the partial nuts so as to allow them to be lifted off the said
screw, the said screw then revolving in the bracket on each sido of the base Mas
shown in Fig. 3. The screwed guide X3 may be fixed in the base M, and the
wiper quadrant M 8, pinion M 4, lever M 5 and ratchet wheel M 6 will be then
carried between two brackets on the carriage open at the bottom the same as the
bearings X 8. The bell and lifting arrangement would then be arranged as shown
in Figs. 1-3 & 10, as follows:-a pioce Y 21 is clamped to the box A by the
screw Y21, a pointer Y 22 showing on the index the number of spaces to be
travelled, the part Y 18 has a pin, or roller, as shown in dots at Z10, which rises
on the projection, as shown in dots at Z9, on the piece Y 21, so lifting the bar Y
and carriage X 1, the bell lever Y 28 having been previously depressed and released
by the part Y 27 and so striking the bell Ỷ 14 attached to the part Y 13. The
roller X may also by this lifting of the carriago X 1, be caused to turn as
previously described by means of the lever Y8 (Figs. 1-3 & 9) pivoted at Y 9 to
the carriage X1 and having a pin, or roller, Y 7 bearing against the under side of
the screw X3, the other end of the lever YS having two projections Y 12, one of
which carries the spring bar, or pawl, Y11 engaging with the ratchet wheel X 9,
and the other projection working against the spring Y 10 attached to the carriage X 1,
so as to keep the pin Y7 against the guide X3. When such great accuracy of
motion of the roller X is not required, I prefer to make the guide X3 into a tixed
rack with a pawl Y 4 on the lever Y1 working into it. The lever Y 1 is pivoted
at Y 3 to the part Y 13 and has a projection Y 2 (which may carry a roller) working
against the bar Z1, carried by the box A, the spring Y 5 carried by the part Y 13
brings the lever Y 1 to its normal position, and the spring Y 6 causes the pawl Y 4
to drop into the rack and also prevents it from dropping into the rack when the
carriage X1 is lifted. The lever Y1 travels sideways with the part Y 13 and
carriage X1 when raised at Y 2 by the bar Z1, the bar Z 1 being sufficiently long
to prevent the part Y 2 from coming off it. The bearings X 8 on the carriage X 1
which run on the rack guide X3 are only half bearings, to allow the carriage to
be lifted on the guide X 2 as fulcrum.
The beforementioned shaft. or bar Y may be arranged to disengage the nut Y 30
or pawl Y 4, and revolve the paper roller X, by sliding the said shaft or bar back-
wards or forwards in a bearing on the carriage X 1, suitable projections being fixed
to Y or Y 13 to raise the bar X 14, or by bearing on the top of the guide X3 to
raise the carriage X 1.
Instead of pawls and ratchets as beforementioned I may use any suitable “silent
feed"
arrangement of the usual well known construction.
The bar Z1 may be arranged to work independantly of the box A when required,
or it may always move with it. If the bar Z1 is fixed to the box A the space
stop Z may also be in one with the box as shown at Z Fig. 14; the type wheel R
would then have a part of its circumferance bare of type so that when a blank
space is required the bare part of the type wheel is simply depressed towards the
paper, on the roller X, without making an impression thereon. If the bar Z1 and
space stop Z move independantly of the box A for blank spacing, I arrange them.
As shown in Figs. 1 & 3, the parts Z and Z1 being connected by the bars Z 2,

page_text: which are pivoted at Z11 to the pins Z12 fixed in the box A. A spring Z 13
acting on the part Z 2, and fixed to the box A, brings the bar Z 8 (fixed to Z 2)
against the lever, or stop, Y 18, after being depressed. The lever, or stop, Y 18 is
pivoted at Y 19 to the bracket Y 30 on the piece Y 21 beforementioned, and keeps
the bar Z1 in position when the box is depressed and a space made at the same
time, but at the end of a line the lever Y 18 is released at its other end by the
catch Y 20 (fixed on a spring piece attached to Y 21) being withdrawn by the
pad Y 25 (on the said spring piece) being pushed back by a suitable projection Y 24
on the part Y 13. This same stop Y 24 also comes in contact with the projection Y 29
on the lever Y 18 and brings the lever Y 18 back to its normal position, when the
part Y 13 is raised to disengage the nut Y 30 or pawl Y 4 so as to draw the roller X
back to "commencing" position.
If extra wide spacing is required as for the "double" letters W and M, the bar Z
can be made to take the necessary position for that purpose as shown in Fig. 14. The
pins 01 of the buttons N for W & M* are lengthened through the levers Q, so as
to depress the bar Z1 by comming in contact with pieces Z3 & Z 4 in one with
the parts Z2. The bars Z 2 being pivoted at Z 5 to the box A. To get the double
spacing for "caps," the push button R 8, previously mentioned, is connected by a
rod 03 to the pin O 2, which bears on Z3 and is guided by a suitable guide as
at O4. For the same purpose Z1 may be made to rise, if required, by putting the
pivot Z5 between Z3 & Z1, or Z1 may have a raised snug on it to act on the
wiper M10 or lever Y1 to produce the extra spacing, then the pivot Z 5 would be
at right angles to its position shown so that the depression of the stops R8, W*
&M would cause the pins O 1, & C2 to push the bar Z1 side ways, so as to bring
the snug into operation, a suitable spring being used to bring Z1 to its norinal
position. The bar Z1 may also be made to slide in or out of the box A, to produce
the extra spacing, by the depression of 01 & 02 to bring the said snug or raised
portion into operation, a spring bringing the bar Z 1.to its normal position. The
pin O 2 or rod 04 will require cranking, or dividing, if the inking ribbon is used
in some ways previously mentioned.
The movements of the box A, and top D, may be parallel, either on a suitable
parallel motion, or on, or in, guides, with or without a movement towards the
roller X.
This machine may be used for perforating, cutting, music or other printing, or
impressing as well as for ordinary type writing purposes, suitable type, dies, punches,
cutters or blocks being used on the type wheel.
The box A and piece D may be hinged at the back near the roller X instead of
at B as shown.
The lever T may be supplied with a cord, wire or chain at its upper extremity,
working on to a drum or wheel, in the place of the pinion R 1.
The levers Q&T or Q, S & T may be connected by short connecting rods of
the usual construction, so placed as to have the same action as the parts 1 & T 4,
or the pin V and slot U.
4
When used as a type writer the action is as follows:-one of the buttons N is
depressed, causing the type wheel R to partially revolve, but just before the type 4
wheel R has reached the position corresponding to the letter on the button N, the
button comes in contact with the loose top D, of the box A, which is depressed
until the snugs F touch the top of the box A, when the 'type wheel ceases to
revolve as the button cannot be further depressed, except when bodily depressing
the box A and type wheel R, which it does, the lever or toggle G having at the 5
same time come into a suitable position for that purpose. The box A, and with it
the type wheel R, are therefore depressed untill the type striking the ribbon
prints a character on the paper wound round the roller X. The depression of the
box causes the depression of the space bar Z1, which on rising with the box A,
when the finger is released from the button N, causes the roller ✗ to move forward 5
the requisite distance to allow the next letter to be printed. A. Blank space
between the words & is made by depressing the space stop Z, and when the

page_text: '
part Y 18 is raised by the pointer Y 16 to bring back the roller X to the
commencing position, the roller ✗ receives its partial revolution ready for the
next line.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
First. In apparatus for obtaining printed, sunk, relief, cut or perforated
impressions the combination of the box or frame A with the type wheel R,
revolving on the said box or frame A with its axis R 2 at right angles to the
position of the axis or hinge pin B of the box A, with or without the loose part D
and lover or toggle G substantially as and for the purposes herein described with
reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3 & 4.
Second. In said apparatus the combination of a type wheel R, spindle R2,
working on the box A, one or more levers Q (or Q & S) and T operated by
buttons N having a certain limited movement, and preferably the segments T1
and T2 (or one only) and the pinion R1 substantially as and for the purposes
herein described with reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 & 8.
Third. In said apparatus the combination of a type wheel R, spindle R 2,
working on the box A, one or more levers Q (or Q & S) and T operated by
buttons N having a certain limited movement, and preferably the segments T1
and T2 (or one only) and the pinion R 1, with the loose top D and the lever G or
toggle G substantially as and for the purposes herein described with reference to
Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 & 8.
Fourth. In said apparatus the combination of the buttons N and pins O, with
their adjustments and springs, for operating the box A, or the loose top D, or
both, substantially as and for the purposes herein described with reference to
Figs. 2 & 6.
Five. In said apparatus the combination of the lever T and segment T 2 with
the loose segment T1 substantially as and for the purposes herein described with
reference to Figs. 1 & 2.
Six. In said apparatus the combination of the parts T 4 and Q 1, or V and W,
or suitable connecting rods substantially as and for the purposes heroin described
with reference to Figs. 2 & 6.
Seventh. In said apparatus the combination of the screwed guide X3, nut Y 30,
wiper quadrant M 4, brackets M1 & M 2, lever and ratchet M 5, pinion and
key M 6, bar Y 31, index Y 17, bar X 14, shaft Y, lever X 15, with or without the
bell Y 14 and haminer M 3 substantially as and for the purposes herein described
with reference to Figs. 1, 2, 11, 12, 13, 17 and 18.
Eighth. In said apparatus the combination of the screwed guide x 3, nut bearing
or bearings X 8, wiper quadrant M 4, brackets M 1 & M 2 on the base M, or on the
carriage X1, lever and ratchet M 5, pinion and key M 6, part Y 21, index Y 17,
bar Y, with or without the bell Y 14 and hammer Y 28 substantially as and for
the purposes herein described with reference to Figs. 1, 3, 11, 12, 13, 17 & 18.
Ninth. In said apparatus the combination of the spring piece, or a pawl, Y 11,
the ratchet wheel X9 and the part X 13 of the bar X 14 substantially as and for
the purposes herein described with reference to Fig. 17.
Tenth. In said apparatus the combination of the guide X3, lever Y 8, with
spring piece or pawl Y 11, and ratchet wheel X9 substantially as and for the
purposes herein described with reference to Figs. 1, 3 & 9.
Eleventh. In said apparatus the combination of the ratchet lever Y, rack X 3,
bar Y, part Y 16, index Y 17, part Y 21, with or without the bell Y 14 and
hammer Y 28 substantially as and for the purposes herein described with reference
to Figs. 1, 3 & 9.
Twelve. In said apparatus the combination of the pin 14 with the bar 20 or 22,
ratchet wheels 18 and bobbins 17 substantially as and for the purposes herein
described with reference to Figs. 15 & 16.

page_text: Thirteen. In said apparatus the arrangements of the buttons N together or
separately substantially as and for the purposes herein described with reference to
Figs. 3 & 5.
Fourteen. In said apparatus the construction of the type wheel R, with or
without the push button R8, catch R 11 and spring substantially as and for the
purposes herein described with reference to Figs. 1, 2 & 3.
Fiveteen. In said apparatus the combination of the space bar Z1, space stop Z,
lever 18 and piece Y 21 substantially as and for the purposes herein described
with reference to Figs. 1, 3 & 14.
Sixteen. In said apparatus the combination of the pins 04 and 01 with the
space bar Z1 with either of the arrangements of the space stop Z substantially as
and for the purposes herein described with reference to Figs. 1, 3 & 14.
Seventeen. In said apparatus the arrangement of one or more ribbons or carbon
strips on the carriage X1, substantially as and for the purposes herein described
with reference to Figs. 15 & 16.
Eighteen. The combination of any of the parts as a complete apparatus for the
said purposes substantially as and for the purposes herein described with roference
to all the Figs.