Improvements in the Manufacture of Cast Metallic Chain.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Nov., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 2nd Aug., 1895-Accepted, 9th Nov., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Cast Metallic Chain.
I, ERNEST FREDERICK HANDEL BARNSLEY, of Whitehall Foundry, Cradley
Heath, in the County of Stafford, Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of cast metallic chain,
and in means to be employed therewith.
According to my invention, I first cast a series of single links (which I call the
alternate ones) and then place the same horizontally in the sand within four quarter
mould boxes, with the said links separated from each other by spaces less than the
length of an intermediate link, and with the middles of the alternate links coming
lignable with the striking line of the top edges of one horizontal pair of the mould
boxes, which are brought and coupled together true by dowel pins of one part or
section taking into eyed brackets in another part or section, as usual.
The pattern of the intermediate or coupling-up link is made up of two parts,
divided in the longer cross direction of the link, that is to say, it is divided cross-
wise, at its ends, with dowel pegs of the one part taking into sockets of the other
part, so as to bring the ends together true, when the open halves of the pattern are
placed in the sand.
Now the opposed edges of the quarter mould boxes meet on the intersecting
line of the halves of the pattern, and on the horizontal dividing line of the link,
so that the segmental pattern can be removed, leaving four quarter imprints of the
pattern in the sand, which, when brought together, form a matrix for the
intermediate link.
It may be observed that the half imprints of the alternate links are also made
in the sand at the same time that the four quarter imprints of the intermediate
link are formed.
Assuming that the operation of casting is to be conducted, take the quarter
boxes and place the two lower ones and the two upper ones together side by side,
so as to make pairs, then place in the alternate imprints of the sand in, say, the
lower pair, two previously and separately cast links; then bring the two pairs of
boxes together, when the matrix of the intermediate link will be formed, making
a hollow link-shaped cavity, joining or linking up two adjacent alternate links, and
on metal being poured into the matrix through an ordinary flow-gate or get, an
intermediate or joining-up link is thus cast, and on the same cooling down, the mould
is broken up and a length of chain produced.
In continuing the length of chain, another alternate link is placed in one of the
other sand prints and the end alternate link of the chain is also placed in one
adjacent to it, and then the sectional or quarter mould boxes are brought together
making another joining-up cavity between them, into which metal is run, forming
links, thus adding to the length of chain to the extent of two more links.
When two intermediate links require to be cast at a time, thereby jointing up
three alternate links, the sections of the mould boxes are increased to eight, and so
on, according to the number of chain links to be cut at one time.
I do not limit myself to the particular form of pattern described, nor to the
connecting of the ends together by dowel pegs, as the said pattern may be made
up of four or other number of sections, and may be divided horizontally or
vertically and the connections may be made by rabated or tenoned ends or by other
means.

page_text: My invention is particularly applicable to the casting of chain in homogeneous
steel, iron, brass, copper, aluminium and any other metal alloys.
Dated this 8th day of November 1894.
1, ERNEST FREDERICK HANDEL BARNSLEY of Whitehall Foundry, Cradley
Heath, in the County of Stafford, Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of cast metallic chain,
and in means to be employed therewith.
According to my invention, a series of separated single chain links are cast and
form alternate solid links which are afterwards linked up by casting with and
through them, intermediate links, the matrices of which are first formed in the
sand by sectional patterns which are, in the first process, linked up with the alternate
solid links and then subsequently removed when the necessary imprints have been
made, leaving the solid and alternate links in their own imprints. In order to make
the necessary imprints in the sand from the patterns and to get the sand thoroughly
into the interstices of them and in such a manner that the said patterns shall
readily leave the sand, I propose that the said patterns should rest within a support
during the placing of the mould boxes over them.
The pattern of the intermediate or coupling-up link is made up of two parts,
divided
in the longer cross direction of the link, that is to say, it is divided cross-wise at its
ends, with dowel pegs of the one part taking into sockets of the other part, so as
to bring the ends together true, when the open halves of the pattern are in
the sand.
Now the opposed edges of the sectional mould boxes meet on the intersecting
line of the halves of the pattern, and on the horizontal divi ling line of the link,
so that the segmental pattern can be removed, leaving imprints of the pattern in
the sand, which, when brought together, form a matrix for the intermediate link,
which is cast in the mould thus formed.
It may be observed that the half imprints of the alternate links may be made in
the sand at the same time that the imprints of the intermediate link are formed, or
(preferably) the solid links may be left in the sand, and joined up by the casting of
the intermediate link.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents, partly in section and partly
in elevation, the two half sections of the pattern link employed in connection with
my new or improved process of pattern moulding.
Figure 2 represents the same, but with the sectional parts placed together.
a is the sectional pattern link composed of two longitudinal halves a', a², with the
former connected to the latter by dowel pins a³, at the opposed ends of the one
engaging with or taking into like shaped sockets a', in the opposed ends of the
other. When the said component parts are brought together, they form a
complete pattern links, with the sections capable of being separated from each
other so as to leave the surrounding sand intact in making the imprint.
Figure 3 represents a solid alternate link, which either form a pattern or an
actual link to be joined up by the casting of metal in the imprints formed in the
intermediate pattern links.

page_text: Figure 4 represents a stud or bar pattern link.
Figure 5 is a solid stud or bar link.
Figure 6 represents a plan of one of the pattern and mould box supports, or
bases with the said patterns and the alternate links joined up and Figure 7 is a like
view but with the patterns and links removed.
Figure 8 represents a horizontal section of the two pattern and mould box
supports placed together, showing the sides gapped for the purpose of introducing
the sand into the interstices of the links prior to the transferring of the said patterns
to the mould boxes.
Figure 9 represents one of the said odd-side pattern and mould boxes supports
or bases, with an open mould box in position upon it, and showing the sand left
within and surrounding the pattern and with the halves of the said patterns and
links coming lignable with the striking line of the mould box.
Figure 10 represents a vertical section of Figure 9.
Figure 11 represents the two mould boxes placed together, with the patterns and
links transferred from the supports to them.
Figure 12 is a plan of Figure 11, with one of the mould boxes removed.
Figure 13 represents a vertical section of the mould as it stands when ready for
the pouring of the metal into the matrices left on the removal of the sectional
pattern links.
In Figures 3 to 13, 6, 6, are the mould top and bottom box bases and pattern
supports, each having sinkings 62, 63, 64, formed respectively within them. In the
siukings 62, the solid links c, are placed and within the sinkings, whilst the sinkings b³,
receive the sectional pattern links a, and by the sinkings, the sand to fill up the
interstices of the patterns laterally is introduced.
:-
e are gets or flow
d, d' are mould boxes, with the mould box d, having dowel pegs d², for taking
into like shaped eyes d³, on the sides of the mould box d¹.
gates for the introduction of molten metal into the matrices f.
The operation of casting is conducted as follows
First join up the sectional pattern link a with the links c, and then place them
together upon the lower mould box support b, as in Figure 6. Then place the upper
support, upon the lower support b, with the dowel pegs 62, of the one taking
into the eyes 63, of the other. Now laterally ram sand into the interstices of the
patterns, so as to surround them, through the lateral openings 64, and at the same
time place get-sticks through the sand up to the pattern. Next remove the mould
box support, and substitute a mould box d, for it (as in Figure 9) and ram sand
into the said box around the pattern as in Figure 10.
Then turn over bodily the inould box and support Figure 10 and remove the
support (which now comes uppermost) and substitute for it the second mould box d',
which is ranimed full of sand alike unto the first. The mould boxes are next
divided and the upper one turned over and the top section a¹ of the pattern links
are drawn vertically. Re-place the mould box d', back again into its former
position and turn over the mould boxes, bringing the box d, uppermost, which is
removed and the second half patterns a² are taken away, leaving half-link matrices f,
in the sand.
The mould boxes, (as shown in plan in Figure 12) which now carry only the
solid links, are placed together, the metal is run through the gets into the
matrices f, hence the joining up of the solid alternate links by intermediate links
cast through and around them, thereby forming a length of chain.
In continuing a length of chain, the same process is repcated, but an end link of
the formed chain is inserted in the imprint of an alternate link which has been
removed. The mould boxes are gapped at the ends for the formed chain to pass
through.
I do not limit myself to the particular form of pattern described, nor to the
connecting of the ends together by dowel pegs, as the said pattern may be made up
of four or other number of sections, and may be divided horizontally or vertically
and the connections may be made by rabated or tenoned ends.

page_text: My invention is particularly applicable to the casting of chain in homogeneous
steel, iron, brass, copper, aluminium and any other metal and alloys.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
First. In the manufacture of chain by casting, making the patterns for forming
the matrices in the sand or other suitable material in sections or divided segments,
suitably connected together at the ends, substantially as described and set forth.
Secondly. The process of manufacturing chain by casting in combination with
the sectional pattern links as referred to in the preceeding claim, substantially as
described and set forth.
Dated this 1st day of August 1895.
ERNEST FREDERICK HANDEL BARNSLEY,
By Henry Skerrett,
24 Temple Row, Birmingham, Agent for Applicant.