matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
PREVENTING ON RAILWAYS THOSE ACCIDENTS THAT OCCUR THROUGH ONE LOCOMOTIVE RUNNING INTO ANOTHER
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benoit Amédée Fournier at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st April 1857.
I, BENOIT AMEDEE FOURNIER, of 51, High Holborn, London, do hereby
declare the nature of tho said Invention for "PREVENTING ON RAILWAYS THOSE
ACCIDENTS THAT OCCUR THROUGH ONE LOCOMOTIVE RUNNING INTO ANOTHER," to be
as follows:-
A system is introduced connecting the locomotives with the rails, so that a
locomotive stopped on the way, for any cause whatever, will stop all the other
locomotives on the same line of rails without man's assistance, whether the
other locomotives are in front, behind, or in the intersecting lines.
The system consists of apparatus placed in the middle of each line of rails,
moving backwards and forwards, and connected by wires within a distance of
about one thousand yards. It acts in the following manner:-The locomotive
passing over the first apparatus moves it, so that should another locomotive
come over it immediately after the introduction of steam into the piston
chamber of the locomotive would be instantaneously stopped. When, how-
ever, the first locomotive reaches the next apparatus it moves by means of the
wires the first apparatus behind, so that the way is free for the next locomotive
to go through, and as the system is double, the same effect is produced on the
locomotives coming in the opposite direction on the same rail as well as on
the intersecting lines.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING OUT MATERIALS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE FEET
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Francis Seeley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th Decem-
ber 1857.
I, JOHN FRANCIS SEELEY, of Everett Street, Brunswick Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Boot Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING OUT MATERIALS
USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE FEET,"
to be as follows:-
This improved machine is principally intended for cutting out woven
material, such as cloth, lasting, &c., to form the "uppers" of boots and shoes;
but with slight modifications it can also be made applicable to cutting out kid
and other leather "uppers," and also soles & heels.
The machine consists principally of a roller, on the circumference of which
are the knives or cutters and prickers, and a sliding table or cutting board
covered with lead over which the material to be cut passes. The cutting
boards work in slides, and are propelled by toothed wheels working into racks
attached to the cutting boards, or by any other suitable means which will
cause them to pass from one end of the machine to the other, under the
roller upon which the knives or cutters and prickers are, which roller is.
pressed downwards by screws or otherwise.

page_text: The material to be cut is wound upon four rollers placed in a frame at the
front of the machine, and the four ends being placed between the revolving
cutters and prickers and the travelling cutting board, the machino is put in
operation, and four thicknesses of the material are cut at once and the edges
pricked for stitching. The machine is so arranged and constructed that as
the cutting board advances it is followed by another in close contact with it.
As the first cutting board with the cut material progresses through the
machine the cut pieces are withdrawn by an attendant, and when this cutting
board has arrived at the end of the machine it falls down and is brought
forward by other toothed wheels to the front of the machine, where it is again
raised to its former level, and so on continuously.
Any convenient number of knives or cutting tools may be arranged round
one roller, and different sizes and patterns may be cut by merely changing the
roller. In cutting out kid or other leather "uppers," or soles and heels, only
one cutting board is employed, which is traversed backwards and forwards
under the roller, the machine cutting both ways.
The machine may be turned by hand by means of a winch, or it
worked by horse, steam, or other power.
may bo
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STIRRING AND MIXING COLOURS FOR CALICO PRINTING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Orlando Greenbalgli and Robert
Hutchinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 22nd December 1857.
We, the said ORLANDO GREENHALGH, of Horwich, in the County of Lancaster,
Manager, and ROBERT HUTCHINSON, of the same Place, Mechanic, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
STIRRING AND MIXING COLOURS FOR CALICO PRINTING AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be
as follows:-
Our Invention relates to the addition of certain parts to the ordinary
apparatus in order to effect a more perfect stirring of the color, and consists in
combining with the usual revolving vanes one or more additional vanes, which
are caused to revolve at right angles or at another angle thereto. In an
arrangement we employ a boss upon the axis of the usual vane carries a fixed
bevil wheel taking into another mounted upon a cross shaft, on either end of
which is affixed an additional vane; as the first-mentioned axis therefore
revolves it communicates rotatory motion to the latter, and effects a stirring
of the material in a vertical direction.
AN IMPROVED CUTTER AND CULTIVATOR OF LAND
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Knight at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th May
1857.
I, THOMAS KNIGHT, of Upton, in the County of Chester, Wheelwright, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CUTTER
AND CULTIVATOR OF LAND," to be as follows:-
For cutting and cultivating the earth, I make an apparatus or implement
with cutting knives and teeth which can be regulated to cut any required
depth. The peculiar construction of this my improved implement will be
understood by the accompanying outline Drawing, in which a represents a
leverage wheel, running within two feet of the front of the implement; b,
knives which will cut from one to twelve inches in depth; c, the cultivating
teeth, which can be regulated by the wheel a to any required depth; d, a
lever which enables the attendant to throw the teeth c in and out of gear.
There are nine knives in front which cut five inches apart, and the cultiva-
ting teeth in proportion. This implement is capable of doing as much work
as ten horses and five men would do with ordinary ploughs, and do it much
better, as it cuts the earth much smaller.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF UNITING TOGETHER THE PARTS OF ALL KINDS OF FLOATING BODIES COMPOSED OF METALLIC SUBSTANCES, AS WELL AS VESSELS FOR CONTAINING FLUIDS, GASES &c.
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Coutts at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th April 1857.
I, JOHN COUTTS, of Willington Lodge, in the County of Northumberland,
Naval Architect, Engineer, and Mechanist, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF UNITING TOGETHER THE
PARTS OF ALL KINDS OF FLOATING BODIES COMPOSED OF METALLIC SUBSTANCES, AS
WELL AS VESSELS FOR CONTAINING FLUIDS, GASES, &c.," to be as follows:-
This Invention has principally for its object great facility of connecting
together the several parts of which the above-mentioned floating bodies or
vessels are composed, without requiring the aid of skilled workmen and
"caulking," as heretofore practised in such constructions. The means by
which I propose to effect the above object is by the use and employment of
an elastic substance, such as vulcanized india-rubber, gutta percha, kamtulicon,.
and the like, which I place between the points of junction of the metallic-
lamina or substances which it is desired to unite and render impervious to
water, air, or gases.
I propose also to cover the heads and shanks of the bolts, rivets, (or other
connections which I employ,) with some well-known plastic substance, such
as cement used by engineers, gutta percha, or any other material that cau
when in a liquid state be readily applied around the said bolts before they aro

page_text: inserted in their respective places:, I also employ an elastic ring or washer
around the said bolts, which said,ring. is compressed..against the metal to be
united by pressure from a screwed nut; fitting upon said bolt, such nut being
formed concave on that side which is in contact with the aforesaid washer.
FEATHERING AND ADJUSTING SCREW PROPELLERS TO BE USED IN PROPELLING VESSELS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Gregory and William
Craymer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 25th September 1857.
We, JAMES GREGORY, of the Parish of Bitton, in the County of Gloucester,
Engineer, and WILLIAM CRAYMER, of the City of Bristol, Carver, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "FEATHERING AND ADJUSTING
SCREW PROPELLERS TO BE USED IN PROPELLING VESSELS," to be as follows:-
It consists in certain improvements in an Invention entitled "Improvements
in Propelling Vessels," patented by William Craymer, of Bristol, in the
County of Glocester, Carver, sealed the 4th March 1856, dated the 5th
September 1855, and numbered No. 2008, A.D. 1855.
Our object is to effect the feathering of the blades of screw propellers more
securely than in the manner therein described, and to provide the means of
ascertaining from time to time the angle at which the blades of the screw
are set.
Instead of segments of cog wheels we employ a hollow shaft to which the
boss carrying the screw blades is fixed; through this shaft we pass another
solid shaft with an end bearing and worm thread working into worm quadrants
on the shafts of each of the screw blades. This centre solid shaft is continued
some distance within the vessel, and is made to feather the screw blades or to
place them at any angle to the driving shaft by a wormed wheel fixed to the

page_text: end of the shaft within the vessel, and geared into a short worm shaft, both
being enclosed within a clutch box. A small wheel or pinion is also fixed on
the same end of this solid shaft, which gears into a much larger wheel; when
the shaft is turned for the purpose of adjusting the screw blades this last
mentioned wheel having an index pointer upon it shews, through an aperture
in the clutch box, the exact angle at which the screw blades are set to the
driving shaft..
The above outline contains the substance and describes the nature of our
Invention "For Feathering and Adjusting Screw Propellers to be used in
Propelling Vessels," but we reserve the arrangement and description of its
details and the particular manner in which the same may be carried into effect,
as well as the statement or assignment of the specific claims to which we may
be entitled, until the time for filing our Complete Specification.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WARPING COTTON, WORSTED, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1857

page_text: ՄԱՆ
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.).
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Lees, James Lees, and
Frederick Lees at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 3rd June 1857.
We, SAMUEL LEES, JAMES LEES, and FREDERICK LEES, all of Rochdale, in
the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WARPING COTTON, WORSTED, AND OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain new mechanical arrangements and combi-
nations for warping cotton, &c. in a more efficient manner than heretofore;
said improvements are designed for causing more uniform tension upon the
yarn as it is drawn off the revolving reel or skeleton frame upon which it is
wound. This we propose to effect either by gathering the separate threads or
filaments of the yarn together in the usual way, and then passing each through
holes in a bar, which may have reciprocating motion imparted thereto; or the
same result may be attained by having a fixed bar with vertical spindles fixed
therein, each carrying a roller for guiding the yarn in proper position, the
said threads or yarn radiating from the guide rollers (between which they are
first gathered, as above mentioned,) in an opposite direction to that in which
they pass from the reel from which they are drawn off, and by these means the
threads that are the most oblique receive the same amount of tension, or
nearly so, as the straight ones, or those that are less oblique, and thus prevent
breaking of the yarn.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EFFECTING GENERAL CONVEYANCE OR TRANSPORT ON WATER
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Holmes Houston at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th February 1857.
I, ROBERT HOLMES HOUSTON, of Greenock, in the County of Renfrew,
North Britain, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN EFFECTING GENERAL CONVEYANCE OR TRANSPORT ON
WATER," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the application of buoyant cylinders or drums for
the purpose of supporting and propelling boats, vessels, platforms, or other
containing and conveying apparatus, such platforms or apparatus being sup-
ported clear of the water or nearly so, instead of being partially immersed
therein as is the case with ordinary ships. Under one practicable modification
of this apparatus, a ship's hull, platform, or carrying chamber is supported by
means of a pair of transverse parallel shafts upon four buoyant cylinders, the
outer ends of the shafts being passed through these cylinders as in the case of
paddle wheels, the cylinder being fast upon their shafts. The conveyance
apparatus fitted up in this way is supported on the water entirely by the four
buoyant cylinders, so as to be capable of running upon the water surface like
a carriage upon a railway. If applied as a steamer, such a vessel or convey-
ance apparatus is fitted up with engines for driving the two shafts of the
buoyant cylinders, the frictional contact of which with the water thus affords
the necessary propelling power. Provision may also be made for attaching
paddle floats to the cylinders to aid the driving action, such floats being ether

page_text: fixed or adjustable, so as to come into action only when especially required.
Instead of thus driving the cylinders themselves, a screw or other propeller
may be employed for this purpose, the cylinders then acting merely as runners.
If intended for sailing purposes, the sails similarly afford the propelling power,
whilst the cylinders are merely running carriers.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN FINISHING FABRICS MADE WHOLLY OR PARTLY OF SILK
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Joseph Hall at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th March
1857.
I, GEORGE JOSEPH HALL, of 10 & 11, Archer Street, St. James', in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN FINISHING FABRICS MADE WHOLLY OR PARTLY OF SILK,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in finishing fabrics made
wholly or partly of silk. For this purpose the fabrics are wound on rollers
which are placed between a bed and a pressing box which is moved to and
fro, and the improvement consists in applying heat to the bed or to the under
surface of the box, or to both. It is preferred to have the bed or the under
surface of the box hollow, and to use steam or hot water through heaters or
the flame of gas, or other means of applying heat may be resorted to.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Amable Victor Felix Larchier at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th April 1857.-A communication from Emile Lavezzari, of Beaurain
Château, in France.
I, AMABLE VICTOR FELIX LARCHIER, Gentleman, of Paris, in the French
Empire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS," to be as follows:-
In the manufacture of cotton, wool, and other fibrous substances, a con-
siderable quantity of refuso fibrous matter is obtained from the carding and
combing and other operations, and this refuse is frequently impregnated with
oil or grease originally contained in the fibrous matter, or added to it either
intentionally or accidentally. This refuse is now of little or no value. I manu-
facture gas for illuminating or heating purposes by distilling this refuse in
retorts in a similar manner to that in which coal gas is manufactured, but a
lower temperature than that employed for coal is sufficient for the distillation
of the refuse. The gas is purified in a similar manner to that in which coal
gas or oil gas is purified.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FORCE PUMPS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given_within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION -left by Stephen, Holman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th June
1857.
I, STEPHEN HOLMAN, of No. 103, Douglas Street, New Cross, in the County
of Kent, and of Whitefriars Street, London, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FORCE PUMPS," to be
as follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to simplify the construction of force
pumps by applying thereto an elastic compound valve in place of the ordinary
arrangements of clack and other valves. This valve is formed of a cup of
vulcanized india-rubber, which is applied to the lower end of the pump
cylinder between it and the inlet pipe, so that its bottom covers the inner end
of the pipe, while the lip or upper part of the cup surrounds and lies closely
against the cylinder, which is pierced at that part with holes for the discharge
of the water from the cylinder. In the bottom of the cup a tongue is cut or
stamped out, so as to form a clack valve, which will be free to rise when
pressure is put on its under side, and to close when that pressure is removed or
reversed. This valve may be stiffened by metal plates applied to either side of
the india-rubber, and the natural flexibility of the material will enable the part
which connects the valve with the rest of the cup to act as a hinge to the
valve. When by the upward stroke of the piston in the cylinder the water has

page_text: been drawn up through the inlet pipe, the piston descends and forces the water
through the lateral openings in the cylinder, the elastic material surrounding
the cylinder yielding to allow of its passage; on the return stroke commencing,
the flexible material will take its normal position, and close the orifices.
An obvious modification of this improvement will be a ring of india-rubber
with flanges at right angles to each other or nearly so. The inner lip or
flange will then form an annular valve like that which surrounds the cylinder,
and closing openings, made in the closed end of the feed pipe, will act like
the clack valve before described. This cup or ring may also form a packing
for the joint between the cylinder and its supply pipe.
In order to render the leathers of pistons tight, I propose to block them with
discs or rings of vulcanized rubber so arranged as to press the leathers always
against the inner periphery of the cylinder. It will be obvious that my
compound valve may be made of other materials than vulcanized india-
rubber, but I prefer that substance from its durability and efficiency..
IMPROVEMENTS IN DISPLAYING VARIOUS DEVICES WHEN REVOLVING DISCS OR SURFACES ARE USED
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Pepper at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th November
1857.
I, JOHN HENRY PEPPER, Sole Lessee of the Royal Polytechnic Institution,
Regent Street, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DISPLAYING VARIOUS DEVICES WHEN
REVOLVING DISCS OR SURFACES ARE USED," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in displaying various devices
when revolving discs or surfaces are used. For these purposes the devices are
painted, drawn, or produced on a large disc or surface, arranged to revolve
with considerable velocity. Opposite such disc, and at a distance from it, a
lantern, with, by preference, an oxyhydrogen, electric, or other powerful light
is placed, before which a rotating screen or disc is applied, having slits or
openings through it.
By such combination of apparatus or means very remarkable illusions and
interesting effects may be produced.
A CERTAIN REMEDY TO PREVENT AND DISSOLVE THE DEPOSITS IN BOILERS AND STEAM GENERATORS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Paul Ingwersen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th May
1857. A communication from Josef Scheibl, at Pesth, and Julius
Offermann, at Brünn.
I, PAUL INGWERSEN, Doctor-in-Law, residing 452, New Oxford St.,
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A CERTAIN REMEDY TO PREVENT AND DISSOLVE THE DEPOSITS IN BOILERS AND
STEAM GENERATORS," communicated to me from Josef Scheibl, at Pesth, and
Julius Offermann, at Brünn, both in Austria, to be as follows:-
The material which we make use of consists in Burgundy pitch, either by
itself or mixed with charcoal soot or pine soot, to be applied in the said
boilers whilst heated.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF LIGHT TO FACILITATE OPERATIONS UNDER WATER
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Henry Tuck at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th June
1857.
I, JOSEPH HENRY TUCK, of Pall Mall, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF LIGHT TO FACILITATE OPERATIONS UNDER
WATER," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in adapting and applying the electric light, and gas,
and other lights, as herein-after described, to facilitate operations under water.
As respects the electric light, the object is accomplished by using the ordinary
or other suitable apparatus for the production of this light.
The ordinary battery for the purpose may be fixed either at or above the
surface of the water, or it may be fixed to or near or contained within the
bell, suitable wires being conducted from the battery to a transparent or other
Jantern containing the electrodes or points of combustion and light. This
lantern may be fixed in any suitable position, either inside or outside the bell,
or at or above the surface of the water, or it may be portable, and used as an
ordinary lantern by the operator within the bell, or by the diver in the ordinary
diving dress. The conducting wires are insulated in the usual manner by
gutta percha or other suitable covering for protection in submarine operations.
As respects the application of gaslight, the object of the Invention is accom-
plished by the arrangement of a gas burner (supplied in the usual manner
from a gas holder) above the surface of the water, the light from which burner

page_text: being thrown by a proper reflector down through a telescopic or other tube
having suitable lenses, or through a simple tube upon the object or objects
required to be illuminated.
Other lights may be made in a similar manner to illuminate objects under
water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING MOULDS FOR CASTING IRON OR OTHER METALS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Elce and Samuel Hartley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 12th June 1857.
We, JOHN ELCE, of the City of Manchester, Machinist, and SAMUEL HARTLEY,
of the same Place, Brass Moulder, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING MOULDS FOR CASTING
IRON OR OTHER METALS," to be as follows:-
The object of our Invention is to economise labour in preparing moulds for
casting iron or other metal. It has hitherto been customary to raise the upper
moulding box off the lower one by hand or by complicated machinery. Our
Invention consists in the application of excentrics connected together, and
acting simultaneously on the upper box, whereby it is gradually raised until
the mould is free from the pattern and the steadying pins from the holes in
which they fit. The upper box when thus raised may be removed by a crane
or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clay at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th April
.1857.
I, WILLIAM CLAY, of Liverpool, Iron Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
IRON AND STEEL," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the manufacture of iron and steel relates
to the means of admitting or passing air or gases through furnaces for the
purpose of reducing, acting on, refining, or converting the metal, and consists
in improvements upon an Invention patented by me in conjunction with
Mr. Harris, and dated October 20th 1856.
The precise manner of carrying out my Invention must in a great measure
depend upon the particular kind or construction of furnace to which the
improvements are intended to be applied, but the principle of the Invention
will remain unchanged however the method of carrying it out may be modified
to suit the circumstances of particular cases.
In place of simply drawing air through the furnace, as described in the
Specification of my former Patent above referred to, I propose to enclose or
cover in the open space in which the molten metal is exposed, and force in air
or gases through suitable openings made in the cover or walls of this enclosed

page_text: space, above the surface of the fluid metal contained therein. It will be under-
stood that, by means of an arrangement similar to that described as the
"hydraulic joint" in the Specification of my former Patent above alluded to,"
the air or gases will be forced to pass down through the molten metal in tho
enclosed space, and enter the interior of the furnace by passing under the side
walls thereof.
In some cases I propose to combine an exhausting apparatus with the
arrangement for forcing in air or gases, as.above mentioned. If preferred, the
exhaust may be adapted to the enclosed outer space, and the forcing or.
draught of air or gases applied direct to the interior of the furnace, so that
the draught or current of gases may be from the interior to the enclosed
outer space.
Another improvement consists in creating a blast or draught of air in
cupolas or high furnaces by means of an exhausting apparatus communicating
with the upper part of the said furnace which must be enclosed, covered in, or
made light, so that as the exhaust or vacuum is produced at the upper part,
the draught may be forced to rush into the furnace at the lower part, either
through tuyeres or through an bydraulic joint, such as that described in my
former Patent. It will be evident that the exhaust may be made to operate
in the contrary direction to that just described, that is, that the exhausting
apparatus may be connected with the lower part of the furnace, so that the
draught will be downwards.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APPARATUS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Camille Bernard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th November
1857. A communication.
I, CAMILLE BERNARD, of 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of
France, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APPARATUS," to be as
follows, that is to say:-
The improvements consist, first, in preventing the injurious action of the
fire on the iron casing of furnaces.
Secondly, of an arrangement for clearing the grate of scoria.
Thirdly, in preventing the caking of the coal employed in the furnace.
Fourthly, in means of keeping up a current of gas used for heating a
boiler.
Fifthly, in a mode of feeding the furnace with fuel.
Sixthly, in constructing the upper part of furnaces with refractory clay and
the lower part of sheet iron.
The apparatus is composed of a fire-box surrounded by a casing containing
water, the grate of the fire-box or furnace being placed above the frame of the
furnace, so that the fire does not injure the casing. Above the grate are
placed hoppers, furnished with valves or slides for regulating the supply of
fuel to the furnace; holes or doors are formed in the sides of the latter to

page_text: allow an instrument to be introduced to prevent the caking of the coal;
openings are also made in the furnace above the grate, to allow the removal
of the scoria. The gas produced by the combustion of the fuel is conducted
by a pipe furnished with a valve to a jet or burner, which gas when lighted
serves to heat a boiler. To produce the requisite current of gas for this
purpose, steam is made to pass into the chimney. or by the employment of a
fan blower.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS OR VESSELS, WHEREBY THEIR DRAUGHT MAY BE REGULATED
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Williams at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th July
1857.
I, THOMAS WILLIAMS, of Aberdaron, in the County of Carnarvon, North
Wales, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS OR VESSELS, WHEREBY THEIR
DRAUGHT MAY BE REGULATED," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention, which has for its object to improve the form and construction
of vessels with the view of rendering them available for navigating deep or
shallow waters at pleasure, consists in forming within the hull or hold of the
vessel one or more water-tight compartments arranged longitudinally in the
line of motion of the vessel, so as to enclose or surround an inner case or
chamber for containing a portion of the cargo, the said inner case or chamber
being raised or lowered when necessary for regulating the draught to the
depth of water by means of pneumatic or other suitable apparatus.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OR ARRANGEMENT OF A ROCK-BORING MACHINE
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Pritchard Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
August 1857.
I, HUGH PRITCHARD HUGHES, of Coetmor, near Llanllechid, in the County
of Carnarvon, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OR ARRANGEMENT OF A ROCK-BORING MACHINE,"
to be as follows:-
The accompanying Drawing shows the machine.
The improvements claimed are, 1st, in the mode of raising the jumper A by
means of two excentric sheaves H, H, instead of by levers, springs, &c., &c.
When the major or full sides of the sheaves come round they close in and
press the jumper, so that it is carried up with them, and vice versa.
The 2nd improvement claimed is the form of the body of the jumper A
being comparatively of little bulk, but made heavy and steady by means of the
moveable weight D, attached to the top by means of the iron wedge E driven
into and opening in the middle of the top of the jumper A.
The 3rd improvement claimed is the form of the point of the jumper; see
Drawing.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN WINDING WORSTED ON TO CREEL BOBBINS OF CARPET LOOMS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Everard Barton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th June
1857.
.I, JOIN EVERARD BARTON, of Kidderminster, in the County of Worcester,
Carpet Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN WINDING WORSTED ON TO CREEL BOBBINS OF CARPET LOOMS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in winding worsted on to
the creel bobbins of carpet looms. Heretofore in winding worsted on to the
creel bobbins of carpet looms it has been usual to wind the worsted from
skeins on to spools or large bobbins, which is called "singling," then to wind
off the spools on to the creel bobbins, which is called "doubling." Now, my
improvement consists in arranging and combining the machinery to wind
worsted from the skeins on to creel bobbins without the intervention of the
singling machinery, thus dispensing with the "singling" and the spools or
large bobbins, and the consequent expence thereof.
IMPROVEMENTS. IN APPARATUS OR MACHINERY FOR WORKING, EXPRESSING, AND MOULDING CLAY AND OTHER PLASTIC MATERIALS
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.).
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Auguste Bourry at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on 'the'
24th June 1857.
I, ERNEST AUGUSTE BOURRY, of St. Gall, in the Canton of St. Gall; Swit-
zerland, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS. IN APPARATUS OR MACHINERY FOR WORKING, EXPRESSING, AND
MOULDING CLAY AND OTHER PLASTIC MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in the arrangement of a series of
receiving boxes or cylinders in which the clay or other plastic material is
placed in order to be worked, expressed, and moulded. For this purpose
I combine two, three, or more of these receptacles, and place them around
a central vertical axis, on which they are free to rotate; they are further.
supported underneath by rollers traversing suitable circular rails. I form
these receptacles open at the top, and they are each provided with an opening
in the side near the bottom, which openings are furnished with suitable
mould plates, through which the plastic material is expressed or forced, and
so moulded, as well understood. Above these receiving chambers I mount
a steam cylinder furnished with a suitable piston and rod or trunk depending
therefrom, the lower part of which forms the piston that takes effect on the
plastic material in the receiving chambers below. This cylinder and piston
is mounted in position so that the receiving chambers may be turned in

page_text: succession immediately below it, and whereby it may be caused to descend
and take effect on the plastic material contained, for the purpose of expressing
& moulding it.
The steam cylinder is furnished at the lower part with a stuffing box,
through which the rod or trunk passes, steam-tight, and thereby permitting
steam to be introduced to act above or below the steam piston. The steam is
admitted above to cause the descent of the ram or piston to work, express, and
mould the clay or other plastic material, and below the steam piston to raise
it for a repetition of the operation. An inlet valve in the piston admits air
to the expressing chamber to prevent any tendency to form a vacuum therein.
When one chamber has thus been acted on and emptied, the machine is
turned partially round after the rise of the piston, and a full one brought
under the steam cylinder, and so on.
By thus using several chambers, those not under operation may be cleaned,
and are filled ready for their turn under the steam cylinder, thus rendering
the operation continuous or nearly so. In order to work or elaborate the
clay or plastic material, I introduce one or more perforated plates in the
expressing chambers through which it is forced. Instead of actuating the
ram directly by steam, its action may be otherwise generated, and caused to
take effect on the plastic material in the expressing chambers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RULING PAPER AND IN THE PENS OR INSTRUMENTS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Ulrich Ott and Friedrich
August Moritz Udloff at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 19th May 1857.
We, JACOB ULRICH OTT, of Zell, Canton of Zurich, Switzerland, Machinist,
and FRIEDRICH AUGUST MORITZ UDLOFF, of 12, Somers Town, in the County
of Middlesex, Printer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RULING PAPER AND IN THE PENS OR INSTRUMENTS FOR THE
SAME," to be as follows:-
Our Invention of improvements in ruling paper and in the instruments for
the same are such that we can rule lines of various colours at the same
time, in such manner that each alternate line may be of a different colour, or
the colours may be arranged in any order required.
The pens or instruments are each made of a separate and distinct piece of
metal of some three inches long, the metal being folded or doubled in the
direction of its length and more or less closed at the point, to make a line more
or less fine, as required; the metal is left more open higher up, to afford
capacity for the ink, which also permits it to flow freely to the point. The
upper part of the pen is open (that is to say) the metal is not folded close.
In order to hold these pens for ruling, we place them between two pieces of
wood, the one having two saw cuts across near to each other to receive the
edges of the metal. The pens being placed in the several pairs of saw cuts in

page_text: the one piece, the other piece is screwed against the pens so inserted and by
which they are held, the saw cuts are of course regulated according to the
width of lines required, or some of the pens may be slid up and out of contact
with the paper if desired, and therefore will not produce any lines. The ink
is supplied by simply dipping the pen in a reservoir of ink or colour to be used.
Where different colours are used, the reservoir of colour must have suitable
compartments, each filled with the proper colour, from which each individual
pen is to take its supply, or in any order required. A guide should be used in
dipping the pens, to facilitate and insure accuracy in the dipping of the whole
number of pens at once. The ruling is performed by hand, using a guide or
guides by which the bars carrying the pens are guided over the paper.
These pens are also adapted for use in machine ruling, either for continuous
lengths of paper or otherwise. For continuous lengths of paper it may be
traversed through the machine by rollers or other suitable means, while the
pens are fixed and held in suitable bars, as before described. In this case,
instead of dipping the pens, we place each pen in communication with a reser-
voir of ink or colour by means of threads of worsted or other material, which
by capillary attraction convey the amount of ink or colour and each of the
colours required.
Any suitable metal or alloy of metal may be used for these pens, but we
prefer the alloy known as German silver for the purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WRENCHES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Harcourt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd November
1857.
I, DAVID HARCOURT, of Lozells, Birmingham, Crank Chain Maker, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WRENCHES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in wrenches. For these
purposes, one of the linbs of a wrench is formed with a male screw to receive
On this limb there is a sliding socket, which is formed so as not
to move around the limb, but only to slide thereon; this socket carries the
axis of the moveable jaw. The form of the jaw or holding parts of the fixed
as well as the moveable limb may be varied. In some cases it is preferred to
have the moveable and adjustable limb to consist of a lever, having a grooved
or notched wheel as the holding jaw; and in other cases the moveable adjusting
limb consists of a lever acting on a rule joint of the holding jaw of that limb,
so as to straiten the two parts of which such holding jaw is composed.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE INTERNAL DECORATIONS OF THOSE PARTS OF BUILDINGS TO WHICH WINDOW DRAPERIES ARE TO BE APPIXED, AND IN THE ARRANGEMENT AND CON- STRUCTION OF THE CURTAIN FIXTURES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Mackenzie at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd June
1857.
I, THOMAS MACKENZIE, of Rathbone Place, Oxford Street, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE INTERNAL DECORATIONS OF THOSE PARTS OF BUILDINGS TO WHICH
WINDOW DRAPERIES ARE TO BE APPIXED, AND IN THE ARRANGEMENT AND CON-
STRUCTION OF THE CURTAIN FIXTURES," to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed, first, with a view of dispensing with the
necessity for using cornices as heretofore practised, by so arranging and con-
structing the architrave of the window as to make it serve the purpose of a
cornice; and, secondly, for strengthening the pole or rod on which the
curtain rings slide, and making it occupy considerably less space than round
curtain poles; and I propose to effect this part of these improvements by sub-
stituting a rectangular shaped bar of metal, in lieu of the ordinary circular
shaped bar or rod of metal or wood; said improved bar is supported by suitable
brackets placed within the architrave, and there are oblong slides serving as
rings, to which the curtains or draperies are to be connected, as also the lines
or cords for drawing the same backwards and forwards; said lines or cords
being accessible for that purpose at the outside of the architrave, which is
suitably ornamented to conceal the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS FOR STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Elvin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th August
1857.
I, HENRY ELVIN, of Castle Acre, in the County of Norfolk, Blacksmith,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
GOVERNORS FOR STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to render ball governors of steam and other
engines more efficient in their action than heretofore. In place of depending
entirely on the weight of the diverging balls and their connections for regu-
lating the movement of the cut-off valve, I form the upper end of the central
rod or spindle of the governor hollow, to receive a rod which carries a weight
at its upper end. This rod bears upon the rising and falling piece or collar
which is connected to the diverging arms of the ball governor, and always
gives the collar a tendency to regain its lowest position, and keep up an ample
supply of steam to the engine. In applying this improved governor to engines
used for driving thrashing machines, it will be desirable to provide balls of
different weights, so that when the corn is damp a heavier ball may be applied
to the top of the governor. By this means increased energy will be imparted
to the engine, which will then drive the thrashing machine faster, and ensure
the cleaner thrashing out of the corn.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herman Jaeger at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th June
1857. A communication.
I, HERMAN JAEGER, of the London Coffee House, Ludgate Hill, in the
City of London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," (communicated to me by a
foreigner residing abroad,) to be as follows:--
My Invention consists in adapting to the warp beam of looms compensation
apparatuses, that is to say, apparatuses for maintaining the warp at an equal
and uniform tension. There are three apparatuses employed, one acting on
one end and the other on the opposite end of the warp, and so regulated that
the one apparatus shall take up as much as the other lets out. The third
apparatus acts when the warps are opened to throw in the weft, whereby a
uniform tension is constantly maintained in the warp. Upon the upper shaft
of the loom there are fixed two excentrics, which communicate by connecting
rods to a crank shaft, and these cranks and excentrics, are so set, with respect
to the opening of the warps, as to cause the shaft to lie at such an angle as
to compensate for the extra tension created by the opening of the warps, and
again resume its position upon such extra tension being removed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
February 1857.-A communication.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES," to be as follows:-
This Invention of improvements in pianofortes consists in balancing or
placing the centres of motion of the keys at, near, or above the top thereof,
instead of at the bottom as in all pianoforte actions heretofore used, thus
bringing the said centres of motion in the same horizontal plane or nearly
so with the centres of motion of the jacks or flies, which are always above
the keys, by which means the hammers are caused to strike with a force pro-
portionate or nearly so to the force applied to the keys by the fingers of the
player.
IMPROVED MEANS OF HEATING BUILDINGS AND OF FACILITATING THE ESCAPE OF SMOKE AND GASES THEREFROM
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gedge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th August 1857.
-A communication from Xavier Lorentz, residing near Nancy, in the
Empire of France.
I, JOHN GEDGE, of No. 4, Wellington Street South, Strand, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED MEANS OF HEATING BUILDINGS AND OF FACILITATING THE ESCAPE
OF SMOKE AND GASES THEREFROM," communicated to me by Xavier Lorentz,
residing near Nancy, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
I propose to build a house or group of houses or other building or buildings
with only one chimney or shaft, all flues, air vents, and other conduits passing
to and centering in this one central shaft, which from its elevation will act as
a powerful tube for carrying off all the emanations which saturate the air in
inhabited places, staircases, cellars, or passages, also causing a powerful
draught (to be regulated) for all fire-places, and securing the greatest possible
amount of caloric for warming the apartments. In barracks, prisons, and
similar buildings this shaft may also form the well of the grand staircase for
all the different floors, and also serve as a water conduit to all the rooms or
other places, or of throwing in a large supply of water in case of fire.