IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CHURNING MIXING AND STIRRING CREAM, MILK, AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Bond, of Preston, in the County of Lan-
caster, Engineer, and Thomas Standing, of the same Place, Ironmonger,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CHURNING MIXING
AND STIRRING CREAM, MILK, AND OTHER LIQUIDS."
Sealed the 31st December 1855, and dated the 3rd July 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Bond and
Thomas Standing at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 3rd July 1858.
We, WILLIAM BOND, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
and THOMAS STANDING, of the same Place, Ironmonger, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
CHURNING, MIXING, AND STIRRING CREAM, MILK, AND OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
machinery or apparatus for churning, mixing, and stirring cream, milk, and
other liquids, and applicable also as an egg beater. This apparatus consists
of a suitable vessel or receptacle for containing the liquids to be operated
upon, to the upper edge of which is fitted a bar or frame carrying a horizontal
driving shaft, which is furnished with a fly wheel and winch handle. Near
the middle of this shaft is keyed a bevel wheel or pinion, which gives motion
to a corresponding bevel wheel fast on the upper end of a vertical shaft working
in the centre of the vessel, and supported in a suitable footstep bearing placed
[Price 8d.]

page_text: on the bottom thereof. To the opposite ends of this central vertical shaft are
keyed a series of radial arms, which form the bearings of a set of agitating
shafts, fitted with convenient agitators or open revolving frames. On the
under side of the cross bar or frame, which is secured to the top of the
vessel, is fixed a spur wheel which remains stationary, and into the teeth of
which gear a series of spur wheels or pinions fitted one on to the upper end
of each of the agitating shafts. These small wheels or pinions may either
gear directly with the stationary wheel, or, through the intervention of an
intermediate wheel. On imparting a rotatory motion to the central vertical
shaft, by turning the winch handle the radial arms with their agitating shafts
and agitators will revolve round the central shaft, and through the inter-
vention of the wheels on the agitator shafts will at the same time rotate
round their own axis, the combined motion being the well-known sun-and-
planet motion. The various parts of the apparatus may obviously be combined
in various ways to produce the like result, namely, the sun-and-planet motion,
which, applied to the churning, inixing, and stirring of liquids constitutes the
principle or main feature of this Invention.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Bond and Thomas Standing in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 3rd January 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
BOND, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, and THOMAS
STANDING, of the same Place, Ironmonger, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said William Bond and Thomas Standing, Her special liceuse that we,
the said William Bond and Thomas Standing, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said William Bond and Thomas
Standing, our executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR CHURNING, MIXING, AND STIRRING CREAM, MILK, AND OTHER

page_text: LIQUIDS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said William
Bond and Thomas Standing, by an instrument in writing under our hands
and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Bond and Thomas Standing,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
sane is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :—
Our said Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
machinery or apparatus for churning, mixing, and stirring cream, milk, and
other liquids and compounds, and applicable also as an egg beater. This
apparatus consists of a suitable vessel or receptacle for containing the liquids
to be operated upon, to the upper edge of which is fitted a bar or frame carrying
a horizontal driving shaft, which is furnished with a fly wheel and winch
handle. Near the middle of this shaft is keyed a bevil wheel or pinion, which
gives motion to a corresponding bevil wheel fast on the upper end of a vertical
shaft working in the centre of the vessel, and supported in a suitable footstep
bearing placed on the bottom thereof. To the opposite ends of this central
vertical shaft are keyeda series of radial arms, which form the bearings of a
set of agitating shafts, fitted with convenient agitators or open revolving
frames. On the under side of the cross bar or frame, which is secured to the
top of the vessel, is fixed a spur wheel, which remains stationary,and into the
teeth of which gear a series of spur wheels or piuions, fitted one on to
the upper end of each of the agitating shafts. These small wheels or pinions
may either gear directly with the stationary wheel,or through the intervention
of an intermediate wheel. On imparting a rotatory motion to the central
vertical shaft by turning the winch handle, the radial arms with their agitating
shafts and agitators will revolve round the central shaft, and through the
intervention of the wheels on the agitator shafts will at the same time'rotate
round their own axes, the combined motion being an improved modification
of the well known sun-and-planet motion. The various parts of the apparatus
may obviously becombined in various ways to produce the like result, namely,
thesun-and-planet motion, which applied to the churning, mixing, and stirring
of liquids or compounds constitutes the principle or main feature of this
Invention.

page_text: And in order that our said Invention may be properly understood, we shall
now proceed to describe the several illustrative Figures upon the explanatory
Sheet of Drawings which we have hereunto appended, for the purpose of
showing certain modifications under which our improvements may be judi-
ciously carried out in practice.
Figure 1 on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings is a partially sectional
elevation of one modification of our improved churning apparatus, and
Figure 2is a plan corresponding according to this arrangement, which is spe-
cially adapted for churning milk or cream. The apparatus consists of a
circular wooden vessel A, in which the liquid to be churned is placed. To
the upper part of the exterior of the vessel A are secured two metal sockets B;
these are fixed at points diametrically opposite to each other. These sockets
are each furnished with a thumbscrew C, which passes through the metal of
the sockets, and serve to fix and retain at the proper height the standards D.
To the inner face of each of the standards D is riveted or other wise secured
a bracket, to which the extremities of the flat metal bar E is fastened. At
the centre, the bar E branches out laterally, these diverging arms being
united with the main bar by a piece of metal of a semicircular figure, as shown
in the Plan, Figure 2, on our Drawings. Each of the standards D terminate
in an eye, which forms a bearing for the horizontal shaft F, from which the
moving parts of the machine are actuated. The shaft F is driven by the
handle G, the other extremity of the shaft having the fly wheel H keyed
thereto. A bevil pinion I is keyed to the shaft F, near its centre; this pinion
gives motion to the wheel J, which is fast to the upper part of the vertical
shaft K, the lower extremity of which works in a footstep bearing fitted in
the centre of the vessel A, whilst the upper end is supported by a collar bearing
fitted in the transverse bar E. The shaft K is, by preference, formed of wood,
fitted with a cap at each end, from which the pivots of the shaft project. These
caps are madewith diverging arms L,which extend outwards to about midway
between the shaft and the inside of the vessel A. The extremities of the
arms L are made to form footsteps and collar bearings, in which the pivots of
the dashers M rotate. Under one modification these dashers are formed of
rectangular pieces of wood, nearly as wide as the space between the shaft K
and the vessel A, and perforated, as shown in Figure of our Drawings.
Or, in lieu of this arrangement, the dashers may be formed of an open frame
or lattice, through the interstices of which the liquid to be churned or mixed
flows when the dashers are put in motion. At the upper part, the woodwork
of each of the dashers is formed into a spindle, which is fitted with a metal
cap that rotates in the collar bearing, arranged at each extremity of the upper

page_text: arms L. The extremities of these caps on the spindles of the dashers project
above the arms L, and to them are keyed the pinions N, which gear with the
wheel O, this wheel being fast to the cross bar E. When the shaft F is put
in motion by means of the handle G, it gives motion to the pinion I, which
drives the wheel J and the central shaft K.
This rotatory movement carries
round the arms L, which causes the pinions N to traverse round the stationary
wheel O, and thus the dashers M. are caused to rotate upon their own axis, as
well as travel round the central shaft K. In this manner a very rapid and
powerful agitating action is kept up in the fluid contained in the vessel A,
and the churning operation is thereby effected in a short space of time. Below
the gearing J, N, and O, is fixed a shallow metal trough P, which prevents
any oil, ground metal, or other matters from falling into the liquid beneath.
Q, Q, are breakers, which are fitted inside the vessel A, near its upper edge,
and serve to break the motion which the liquid receives from the dashers.
The dashers, may, if desired, be caused to rotate in the opposite direction to
that herein-before described. This is accomplished by having the arms L
made duplexat their outer extremities, the secondary arm being furnished with
an intermediate wheel to gear with the pinion N on the spindle of the dasher
and with the stationary wheel O. In some cases it may be desirable to
increase the number of the dashers M, which may be readily done by altering
the arrangement of their supporting arms. Instead of having these arms made
duplex, as shewn in the example given in the accompanying Drawings, the
arms may be triple or quadruple, according to the number of dashers required.
In this modification the same general arrangement of the mechanism for
causing the several dashers to rotate upon their axes may be applied in the
manner herein-before described.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, we would observe, in conclusion, that we do not confine or restrict
ourselves to the precise details or arrangements which we have had occasion
to describe or refer to, as variations may be made therefrom without
deviating from the principles or main features of our said Invention ;
but
what we consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Inven-
tion secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
First, the general arrangement and construction of machinery or apparatus
for churning, mixing, or stirring cream, milk, or other liquids or compounds,
as herein-before described.
Second, the system or mode of churning, stirring, or mixing cream, milk,

page_text: or other liquids, or compounds by means of machinery.or apparatus arranged
as herein-before described, or any mere equivalent therefor.
Third, the particular mode of imparting rotatory motion to the dashers or
agitators of churning, stirring, or mixing machinery or apparatus, in which
the rotatory movement of the dashers is obtained by the modified arrangement
of what is technically known as the "sun-and-planet wheel," this arrange-
ment being combined or not with an intermediate wheel, as herein-before-
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Standing, on behalf of myself
and the said William Bond, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this
Thirtieth day of December, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
eight.
THOMAS STANDING. (L.s.).