Year: 1885

page_text: I DAVID JOHN RUSSELL DUNCAN of 32 Queen Victoria Street in the City
of London, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the jointing of pipes formed of bent plates or sheets of
wrought iron, steel or other metal to admit of their being conveniently used for
the conveyance of water, gas or other fluid. The diameter of one end of each pipe
is enlarged for a sufficient distance to form a socket into which the end of the next
pipe can be inserted along with suitable packing material for rendering the said
joint tight. The space for the said packing may be either parallel or taper or
curved in form to retain the packing.
The end of the said pipe opposite to that which has been formed into a socket,
as just described, has given to it a slightly conical or "bell mouth" shape, the
greatest external diameter of the said bell mouth being only slightly smaller than
the internal diameter of the socket described above so that the said bell mouth
shall retain in its place the above mentioned packing material and prevent its
being forced into the interior of the pipe. In the portions of the pipes which
constitute the faucit or socket, and the spigot, the edges of the plate of which the
pipe is constructed and which are brought together by the bending of the plate are
united by welding or fusion for the length of the said socket or spigot and to a
suitable or convenient distance past them, but between the portions of the pipes
thus welded or fused, other methods of uniting the edges of the said plates may be
adopted such as rivetting, or the welding or fusing may be continued along the
whole length of the pipe.
I also so construct the spigot and socket and make them to such curves that the
spigot shall bear against the bottom of the socket all round its area and make
with it a joint which shall be approximately tight and which shall be made
completely tight by packing in the usual manner.
And I strengthen the edge of the socket by flanging, expanding, curling over
corrugating or thickening, or by shrinking on it outside or rivetting to it inside a
ring of wrought iron, steel or other suitable material.

page_text: Where what is termed an expansion joint is required, I provide the same by
giving to the adjacent ends of two adjoining pipes the shape of the spigot
described above and cover them with a ring or short length of pipe of sufficient
internal diameter to hold them and form annular spaces either parallel taper or
curved for packing and having its edges strengthened by any of the methods
I have described above for strengthening the edges of the sockets for my ordinary
socket and spigot joints as described above.
Besides constructing these sockets and spigots in one with the main body of the
pipe as I have just described I also construct them separately and attach them to
the pipe which may have its longitudinal seam made by rivetting welding or
fusing or which I may roll out of a solid block and expand to the proper size
And I may adopt different methods of constructing these detached sockets and
spigots for they may be made from plates bent to the proper shape and with their
edges united by welding fusing or other methods or they may be rolled from solid
blocks and expanded by rollers to the proper size and form.
Dated this 5th day of November 1885

page_text: Wrought Iron, Steel, or other Metal, to Facilitate Jointing
the same.
I DAVID JOHN RUSSELL DUNCAN of 32 Queen Victoria Street in the City of
London Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This Invention relates to the jointing of pipes formed of bent plates or sheets of
wrought iron, steel or other metal to admit of their being conveniently used for
the conveyance of water gas or other fluid. The diameter of one end of each pipe
is enlarged for a sufficient distance to form a socket into which the end of the next
pipe can be inserted along with suitable packing material for rendering the said
joint tight. The space for the said packing may be either parallel or taper or
curved in form to retain the packing.
The end of the said pipe opposite to that which has been formed into a socket
as just described, has given to it a slightly conical or bell-mouth" shape, the
greatest external diameter of the said bell mouth being only slightly smaller than
the internal diameter of the socket described above so that the said bell mouth
shall retain in its place the above mentioned packing material and prevent its
being forced into the interior of the pipe. In the portions of the pipe which
constitute the faucit or socket and the spigot the edges of the plate of which the
pipe is constructed and which are brought together by the bending of the plate are
united by welding or fusion for the length of the said socket or spigot and to a
suitable or convenient distance past them, but between the portions of the pipes
thus welded or fused, other methods of uniting the edges of the said plates may be
adopted, such as rivetting, or the welding or fusing may be continued along the
whole length of the pipe.
I also so construct the spigot and socket and make them to such curves that the
spigot shall bear against the bottom of the socket all around its area and make
with it a joint which shall be approximately tight and which shall be made
completely tight by packing in the usual manner.
I may strengthen the edge of the socket by flanging, expanding curling over,
corrugating or thickening, or by shrinking on it outside or rivetting to it inside a
ring of wrought iron steel or other suitable material.
Where what is termed an expansion joint is required, I provide the same by
giving to the adjacent ends of two adjoining pipes the shape of the spigot
described above and cover them with a ring or short length of pipe of sufficient
internal diameter to hold them and form annular spaces either parallel taper or
curved for packing and its edges may be strengthened by any of the methods
I have described above for strengthening the edges of the sockets for my ordinary
socket and spigot joints as described above.
Besides constructing these sockets and spigots in one with the main body of the
pipe as I have just described I also construct them separately and attach them to

page_text: the pipe which may have its longitudinal seam made by rivetting welding or
fusing or which I may roll out of a solid block and expand to the proper size.
And I may adopt different methods of constructing these detached sockets and
spigots for they may be made from plates bent to the proper shape and with their
edges united by welding fusing or other methods or they may be rolled from solid
blocks and expanded by rollers to the proper size and form.
In order that my said invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into effect I will proceed to describe the method in which I prefer to operate.
I make the body of the pipe by bending a sheet of suitable dimensions into a
cylinder and I rivet this cylinder with a lap joint from end to end as in boiler
making. Or I make the body of the pipe in two or more lengths each slightly
conical; the smaller end of one length enters the larger end of another and the
parts are secured by rivetting. I then take a bar already rolled to the sectional
form of the socket and with bending rollers I form it into a hoop. After welding
up the hoop I finish it by rolling (usually whilst hot) in a roller expanding mill
having rollers corresponding in form to the socket to be produced.
The hoop is rolled until its smaller cylindrical side will just pass in or on to the
end of the rivetted cylinder and by rivetting through these parts the socket is
secured in its place; the joint being made water tight as is usual in boiler
making.
The spigot end I produce in a similar manner and fix it to the rivetted cylinder.
In place of employing a rivetted barrel I may weld the joint of the barrel, from
end to end when the means for, doing this are available and I then by preference
do not apply a socket in a separate piece but I expand the end of the barrel itself.
to form the socket in the manner already described in respect to the separate hoop.
Similarly also I form the spigot end.
The annexed drawing is a longitudinal section taken at a joint and shews the
spigot-end of one pipe and the socket or faucet end of another with the packing
space in the socket.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. A pipe made of wrought metal plate or sheet and having a socket with
packing space fashioned or wrought to form substantially as described.
2. A pipe of wrought metal plate or sheet and consisting of cylindrical barrel
with a socket to receive packing made from a separate hoop and rivetted on
substantially as described.
3. A pipe of wrought metal plate or sheet and consisting of a cylindrical body
with at one extremity a socket and at the other an enlarged spigot end to enter a
socket substantially as described.
Dated thin 10th day of Tann 1006