An Improved Process of and Apparatus for Producing Aërated Beverages.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Mar., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 9th Jan., 1893-Accepted, 11th Feb., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Process of and Apparatus for Producing Aërated
Beverages.
We JOHN PULLMAN, of 17 Greek Street, Soho Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Manufacturer, and HowARD LANE, of Corporation Street, Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
Heretofore, in making aërated beverages, such as soda water and the like, it has
been usual to make use of a large vessel containing water into which carbonic acid
gas under sufficient pressure is introduced, the water being sufficiently impregnated
by agitation, and being then drawn off by special appliances into bottles in which
the aërated water remains stored until required for use.
Our present invention has for its object a novel process and combination of
apparatus or devices by which water, plain or flavoured with any desired materials,
is aërated under pressure in the bottles which contain it, so that if desired a single
such bottle can be, aerated whenever required, and the apparatus can be used with
advantage for domestic purposes and under circumstances (as for instance in hot
countries) where the manufacture of such small quantities oftaërated water as and
when required would be a great convenience.
In order to put the invention in operation we use preferably glass bottles of the
ordinary kind made for such purposes, the filled bottle being kept closed by the
internal pressure of the gas against a ball or valve which is thereby kept pressed
against a suitable seat in the neck of the bottle.
".
We take a frame of-metal or other suitable material provided with standards
having bearings in which fit and revolve corresponding studs upon a frame which
swings upon the bearings and is arranged to receive the bottle to be filled, the
longitudinal axis of the bottle being at right angles to the axis on which it swings.
"The upper part of this frame is provided with a screw acting upon a hollow
stopper or plug which can be pressed down with sufficient force to form an air tight
joint against the open mouth of the bottle. One of the studs upon the swinging
frame is also hollow and its interior is connected by a short flexible tube of
sufficient strength, consisting preferably of india rubber surrounded by a flexible
metallic sheathing, with the interior of the hollow stopper.
The upper part of the swinging frame is preferably made to move laterally to
allow the ready introduction and removal of the bottle, and it is also surrounded
with strong wire gauze to prevent accident if a.bottle should burst.
The swinging frame is also provided with a handle by which it can be swung
backward and forward or. revolved in either direction.
To the hollow stud upon the swinging frame is connected by an air tight ground
joint or by a stuffing.box or equivalent device a three-way cock to which is attached
one end of a strong flexible air tight tube (which may also be of india rubber
surrounded with a flexible metallic sheathing), the other end of the tube being
connected to a regulating device attached to or connected with a strong metal tube
or bottle of the kind ordinarily used for holding carbonic acid or other gas under
great pressure.
The upper end of this bottle (so charged with carbonic acid gas) is provided with
a valve which can be opened sufficiently when desired by a suitable key or handle,
and also with a pressure gauge, indicator, and regulating valve by which any
desired pressure of gas in the flexible tube can be produced and maintained.
The whole combined apparatus is very simple, cheap, and readily used, being only

page_text: dependent upon a proper supply of tubes or bottles duly charged with carbonic acid
gas at sufficient pressure.
Supposing that a bottle of aërated soda water or other beverage is required, the
bottle or tube charged with gas being in communication, through the flexible tube
and three-way cock, with the hollow stud upon the swinging frame, the bottle filled
with sufficient water is introduced into its place in the latter, and is firmly closed and
held in its place by forcing down the hollow stopper by means of the screw.
+
Gas is then admitted by opening, the valve in the gas holder, and is maintained at
the desired pressure in the glass bottle during the process of aëration by means of
the pressure gauge and regulator.
The swinging frame and bottle are then swung and revolved backward and
forward, sufficiently long to effect the desired aëration of the water and the swinging
frame is turned until the mouth of the bottle is downward, and the three-way cock
is turned so that the supply of gas is shut off and the hollow stopper connected, with
the air, the pressure in the bottle instantly forcing the ball or valve into its seat,
whilst the small quantity of gas in the hollow stopper escapes. The stopper, is then
unscrewed and the bottle containing the highly aërated beverage. can then be
removed, and used as required.
+
It is evident that instead of one, two or more bottles may be aërated simultaneously,
a corresponding number of swinging frames and appliances, connected with them as
described, being used.
The details of the apparatus may be varied more or less, as may be found
desirable in different circumstances.
בד .
31
EDWARDS & Co.,
35, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Process of and Apparatus for Producing Aërated,
Beverages.
1
We, JOHN PULLMAN, of 17 Greek Street, Soho Square, in the County of
Middiesex, Manufacturer, and HOWARD LANE, of Corporation Street, Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying drawings, that is
to say
Heretofore in making aërated beverages, such as soda water and the like,jit has
been usual to make use of a large vessel containing water into which carbonic acid
gas under sufficient pressure is introduced, the.water being sufficiently impregnated
by agitation, and being then drawn off by special appliances into bottles in which
the aërated water remains stored until required for use.
Our present invention has for its object a novel process and combination, of
apparatus or devices by which water, plain or Havoured with any desired materials,
is nerated under pressure in the bottles which contain it, so that if desired a single
such bottle can be aërated whenever required, and the apparatus can be used with
advantage for domestic purposes and under circumstances (as for instance in hot
countries) where the manufacture of such small quantities of aërated water, as and
when required would be a great convenience.
4
The accompanying drawings are in illustration of our invention, Figure 1, being
a front view partly in section of our improved apparatus applied to the aëration of a
single bottle, Figure 2 a side view of the same (the bottle being turned partly down),
and Figure 3 a view upon a smaller scale of the same aërating apparatus together
with the gas reservoir, valve and regulator.
In order to put the invention in operation we use: preferably glass bottles (as
shewn at a) of the ordinary kind made for such purposes, the filed bottle being kept

page_text: closed by the internal pressure of the gas against a ball or valve which is thereby
kept pressed against a suitable seat in the neck of the bottle.
We take a frame of metal or other suitable material provided with standards
having bearings b, b, in which fit and revolve corresponding studs c, c, upon a
frame d, which swings upon the bearings and is arranged to receive the bottle to be
filled, the longitudinal axis of the bottle being at right angles to the axis on which
it swings.
The upper part of this frame is shewn strongly pivotted at e, e, to the lower
part d, so that it can be turned down on the pivots for the purpose of introducing
and removing the bottles a, and it is provided with a screw acting upon a hollow
stopper or plug g which can be pressed down with sufficient force to form an air-
tight joint against the open mouth of the bottle (with the intervention of india
rubber or other packing h).
One of the studs upon the swinging frame d is also hollow and its interior is
connected by a short flexible tube of sufficient strength, consisting preferably of
india rubber surrounded by a flexible metallic sheathing, with the interior of the
hollow stopper g.
The upper part of the swinging frame instead of being made to pivot laterally to
allow the ready introduction and removal of the bottle may be fixed, and the side
of the lower part d may be made to turn down upon hinges for the purpose of
introducing and withdrawing bottles.
The frame is shewn with openings surrounded with strong wire-gauze to prevent
accident if a bottle should burst.
The swinging frame d is provided with a handle k by which it can be swung
backward and forward (as illustrated in Figure 2) or revolved in either direction.
To the hollow stud c upon the swinging frame d is connected by an air tight
ground joint or by a stuffing box or equivalent device, a three-way cock m to
which is attached one end of a strong flexible or other air-tight tube n (which may
also be of india rubber surrounded with a flexible metallic sheathing) the other
end of the tube being connected to a regulating device o (Figure 3) attached to or
connected with a strong metal tube or bottle p of the kind ordinarily used for
holding carbonic acid or other gas under great pressure.
The upper end of this bottle p (so charged with carbonic acid gas) is provided
with a valve at which can be opened sufficiently when desired by a suitable
key or handle, and also with a pressure gauge, indicator, and regulating valve
at o by which any desired pressure of gas in the flexible tube can be produced and
maintained.
The whole combined apparatus is very simple, cheap, and readily used, being
only dependent upon a proper supply of tubes or bottles duly charged with carbonic
acid gas at sufficient pressure.
In order to use the improved apparatus, supposing that a bottle of aërated soda
water or other beverage is required, the bottle or tube p charged with gas being in
communication, through the tube n and three-way cock m, with the hollow stud c¹
upon the swinging frame d, the bottle a filled with sufficient water or other beverage
is introduced into its place in the frame, by turning down the upper part d' and is
firmly closed and held in its place by forcing down the hollow stopper by means of
the screw f. Gas is then admitted by opening the valve r in the gas holder P: and
is maintained at the desired pressure in the glass bottle during the process of
aëration by means of the pressure gauge and regulator at o.
The swinging frame d and bottle a are then swung and revolved backward and
forward sufficiently long to effect the desired aëration of the water, and the swinging
frame is turned until the mouth of the bottle is downward, and the three-way
cock m is turned so that the supply of gas is shut off and the hollow stopper g
connected with the air, the pressure in the bottle instantly forcing the ball or valve
into its seat, whilst the small quantity of gas in the hollow stopper escapes.
The stopper g
is then unscrewed, and the bottle containing the highly aërated
beverage can then be removed and used as required.

page_text: It is evident that instead of one, two or more bottles may be aërated
simultaneously, a corresponding number of swinging frames and appliances
connected with them as described, being used.
In the drawing the screw fis shewn screwing into the neck of the frame d',
whilst the hollow stopper is provided with a screw of left-handed pitch and
screwed into the screw f. When the screw f is turned, the stopper therefore
does not revolve but is moved in and out with greater speed than the screw f
In Figure 4 is shewn, upon a larger scale, a somewhat modified form of the
improved apparatus. It is shewn broken off, only the more important parts being
seen, and arranged to receive two bottles of the water or beverage to be aërated
but it may be constructed to receive three or more bottles if desired. d is the frame
to receive the bottles, the front of which is arranged to open upon hinges as already
described for the introduction and removal of the bottles. c is a hollow stud fixed
to the end of the frame d, and turning in the bearing b¹ a three-way cock or valve
for the introduction of the gas under pressure being attached at m (as in Figure 1)
but shewn broken off. Instead of being flexible the tube i is of metal of sufficient
strength, and communicates with a cap s one of which is fixed upon the frame d
above each bottle, the end of the tube being closed (as shewn at ¹). The lower
part of the caps is open and bored true to receive a properly packed piston or plugt
the lower end of which is provided with an india rubber or other plug u which
closes the mouth of the bottle during the process of aëration. A small passage
for the gas traverses the plug u, the piston t, and the cap s, and communicates with
the pipe i. When the bottle is inserted in its place in the apparatus, the gas under
pressure is admitted and presses down the piston t forcing the plug u down and
closing the mouth of the bottle, and holding the latter firmly in its place during
aëration.
When the process is completed, the pressure of the gas is withdrawn as already
described, and the plug u can rise and the bottle be readily withdrawn.
In the different arrangements described, the bottle is preferably supported and
held by a sufficient thickness of soft material such as india-rubber, so that the
chance of breakage is lessened.
The details of the apparatus may be varied more or. less, as may be found
desirable in different circumstances.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is —
1. The apparatus substantially as described, for aërating water or other beverage
in the bottles in which it is to remain, such apparatus consisting of a swinging
frame into or from which the bottles can be readily introduced and removed, a
moveable perforated stopper through which gas under pressure can be introduced
into the bottle, and a frame in which the swinging frame carrying the bottles can
be swung and rotated whilst under pressure, and a cock or valve by which the
gas can be admitted and cut off from a suitable vessel containing gas under sufficient
pressure.
2. The combination of the swinging frame d, d¹, stopper g, hollow stud c, flexible
connecting pipe i, stuffing box 1, three-way cock m, connecting pipe n, gas vessel p,
and valve, arranged and operating substantially as described and shewn.
3. In combination with the upper frame d', the screw, and the hollow stopper g
having a screw-thread of different pitch substantially as and for the purpose
described and shewn.
4. In combination with the swinging frame d, the hollow cap & perforated piston
or plug and stopper u, and gas supply pipe i, substantially as and for the purpose
described and shewn.
5. In combination with the swinging frame holding the bottle; the stopper, cock,
and connecting pipes i, n, and valve, the adjustable regulator o.
6. The improved process for producing aerated beverages, consisting of admitting

page_text: gas from a reservoir at high pressure through a regulating valve and pipe to the
hollow plug of a frame, swinging in supports and carrying the bottle or bottles
containing the liquid to be aërated, then admitting such gas by means of a cock or
valve to a hollow adjustable stopper by which the upper end of the bottle is closed,
the gas being absorbed by the liquid and such absorption being promoted by
swinging or revolving the frame carrying the bottle or bottles, then shutting off the
gas by the cock or valve whilst the bottle is inverted, an internal stopper contained
in it being forced into a seat in its neck, and the bottle containing the fully aërated
liquid being then removed from the swinging frame, substantially as described.
Dated this 9th day of January 1893.
EDWARDS & Co.,
35, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicants.