matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN FORGES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th February
1861. A communication from abroad by Martin Chretiennot, commonly
called Chretiennot-Radet, and Pierre Leon Rodet, both of Paris, in the
Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FORGES," a communication from abroad by Martin
Chretiennot, commonly called Chretiennot-Radet, and Pierre Leon Rodet,
both of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in portable and other forges
whereby the blast may be heated during its passage through the nozzle or
blow pipe.
According to this Invention it is proposed to combine the fire back and the
blow pipe in one, and to form a circuitous channel or air passage inside the
fire back, and in direct communication at one end with the bellows or blowing
apparatus, and at the other with the nozzle or blow pipe. The contact of
the flame and heated fuel with the back plate heats the air as it passes along
its circuitous channel, and consequently the advantages of a hot blast are
obtained, whilst the apparatus itself is of the simplest and most economic
construction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VEHICLES KNOWN AS HANSOM CABS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Stewart at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st January
1861.
I, THOMAS STEWART, of Northampton Street, Clerkenwell, in the County of
Middlesex, Iron Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VEHICLES KNOWN AS HANSOM CABS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in Hansom cabs relates, first, to forming
the front of such vehicles above the level of the doors of a semicircular form,
and enclosing the same with sliding and fixed sashes or glasses; and, secondly,
to the application of wings to such cabs to protect persons from the wheels on
entering and alighting, and to prevent the dirt being thrown in the forward
direction. The doors of these cabs I make to open much in the ordinary way, and
on the upper part form (or mount a piece carrying) the grooves for the sliding
glasses. I enclose the space above the fixed part of the front at the sides of
the doors by fixed curved glasses, a standard being carried up from imme-
diately over the hinges to the roof; to form the frame inside of these fixed
glasses I form the continuation of the grooves to carry the sliding glasses
before mentioned. These sliding glasses I suspend-at-top-from a curved rail
running round the front, on which rail the sliding glasses traverse on wheels
or otherwise. These glasses being portions of a circle slide readily, and if it
is desired to have the front open with the lower doors closed, they are allowed
to remain behind the fixed curved glasses forming the fixed part of the front;

page_text: on the other hand, when the occupant desires them closed he has simply to
slide one from each side so as to meet in the middle, where they may be
fastened by a hook or otherwise. The cab may also have side lights in the
panels as usual, but which I prefer to fit so as to slide & open for ventila-
tion. The wings I either fix into the ends of the springs or in the shackles or
scroll irons, or they may be mounted on the body of the cab.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF CERTAIN KINDS OF BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marc Antoine François Mennons
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th February 1861.-A communication from Charles Joseph
Ferdinand Comte de Jouffroy d'Abbans, residing at Abbansdessons,
France.
I, MARC ANTOINE FRANÇOIS MENNONS, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF CERTAIN KINDS OF BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of that class of breech-loading
fire-arms known in France as "armes à bascule," the type of which "Lefau-
cheux's system" is in general use throughout Europe.
The first of the present improvements consists in a metallic arm running along
the upper side of the grip ("poignée ") of the stock, and turning horizontally on
a pivot inserted in the metallic carcase or skeleton framing immediately behind
the breech. The short extremity of this arm in front of the pivot is so arranged
as to press when in position on a prolongation of the band of the barrel, which
is thus firmly clasped down. Additional solidity may be given to the fastening
by means of a knife, tenon, or key piece fixed under the prolongation of the
band, and corresponding with a cavity formed in the breech part of the carcase.
If preferred, the pivot may be provided with a slotted head, and so fixed as
to follow the movement of the arm, the barrel being in this case locked in
position by the projecting edge of the pivot head itself, or freed by the slot as

page_text: may be required. Or, again, the pivot may be carried through the stock grip,
and the arm on the upper side be replaced by a similar arrangement under-
neath in connection with the trigger guard, by means of which the movement
may be effected, and the barrel locked or freed in the same manner as above.
In these combinations the pivot passed vertically or obliquely through, the
carcase may be provided with slots and tenons, by means of which the barrel
may be still more securely keyed to the breech.
AN IMPROVED BILLIARD REST
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Benjamin Greenwood at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,, with his Petition, on the
26th October 1861..
I, ROBERT BENJAMIN GREENWOOD, of No. 5, Durham Place East, Hackney
Road, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED BILLIARD REST," to be as follows:-
This improved billiard rest is intended chiefly to be used instead of the rest
usually employed with the long cues termed the "whole butt" and "half butt,"
when making a long reach in the game of billiards; but it may, if desired, be
used throughout the whole game instead of forming a rest with the left hand,
as usually practised.
The improved rest consists of a small carriage mounted upon two wheels,
which are turned true and accurately fitted, both fast upon the same axis.
The carriage is provided with a split taper tube, by means of which it is readily
adjusted on and removed from the end of the cue. It will be evident that
when this rest is applied to the end of the cue the wheels running on the
surface of the table will give greater freedom of movement than any ordinary
rest, and will also ensure greater accuracy when the blow is given, as the
point of the cue is sure to advance along the same line on which it was drawn
back. Ladies will also be enabled to play billiards with the cue by the aid of
this improved rest.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OP DRIVING STRAPS OF BANDS, THE BACKS OF WIRE CARDS, AND COP TUBES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bland Wood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th December
1861.
I, JOHN BLAND WOOD, of Broughton, near Manchester, M.D., do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OP DRIVING STRAPS OF BANDS, THE BACKS OF WIRE CARDS, AND COP TUBES," to be
as follows:-
I take buffalo or other untanned hides or parts of hides previously
macerated in water, the temperature of which should not exceed eighty
degrees of Fahrenheit, until the texture of the hides is sufficiently softened.
The hides are then removed from the bath in which they were immersed, and
allowed to drain, exposed to the atmosphere for at least twenty-four hours, and
afterwards, by means of a suitable machine, cut into strips or shreds, which are
passed through fluted or other rollers until thoroughly converted into a uniform
pulp or mass, which is subsequently placed in a room, the temperature whereof
does not exceed ninety to a hundred degrees of Fahrenheit, for at least two
days, during which period the mass must be turned over several times, until
the whole becomes softened and slightly adhesive. The mass either alone or
with the admixture of a certain proportion of cotton, flax, or other fibrous
matter, is then passed through wooden or iron rollers, some of which are
covered with felt; the width and thickness of the material so produced being
regulated according to the purpose for which it is desired. The sheets thus

page_text: made are passed over slightly warm cylinders until it acquires the necessary
degree of dryness.
These sheets are then cut into the proper widths for strips or bands for
driving machinery, or for the backs of wire cards, or the substance may be
rolled or formed between grooved or suitable rollers to the width and thickness
desired.
In the manufacture of cop tubes, the substance or pulp is rolled out into thin
bands, the width of which is in accordance with the length of the tube required,
and when partially dry, is cut into lengths of the shape and form required,
each length being subsequently wound upon a steel mandril; then placed in a
die adapted for the purpose, the pressure of which converts the folds of the
tube into one uniform solid.
AN IMPROVED ALARM WHISTLE APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILERS AND INDICATING THE LEVEL OF THE WATER THEREIN
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by Dutilleul (Jules) at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st Feb-
ruary 1861.
I, DUTILLEUL (JULES) of Paris, Rue Saint Martin, 333, in the Department
of Seine, Empire of France,, Householder, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED ALARM WHISTLE APPLICABLE TO STEAM
BOILERS AND INDICATING THE LEVEL OF THE WATER THEREIN," to be as follows,
that is to say:
My Invention is intended to indicate at all times the amount of water in
steam boilers and also whenever that amount is too great or too little to
draw the attention of the boiler man by means of an alarm through the action
of the steam.
It consists of a hollow metal float placed on the surface of the water, having
a spindle passing out of the boiler upwards through a tube fixed on the
top; the vertical spindle acts upon a horizontal link or lever which is fitted on
to the square end of a rotating arbor or axle which turns round an axis at right
angles to the plane of the last mentioned link, and seated within an enlarge-
ment of the steam tube or pipe before mentioned. This arbor is fitted and turns
steam-tight in a ring or collar, and one extremity passes through a gland out-
side the tube or steam passage; on the outer extremity is fitted a pointer or
indicator which passes over an index or scale on the outer face of the tubular
enlargement. When a difference of level of the water in the boiler causes
the float to rise or fall, the vertical spindle acts upon the horizontal link and

page_text: causes the arbor to rotate through an angular space and hence carry with it
the pointer, and the elevation or depression of the float is indicated by the
position of the pointer on the index.
In order to give an alarm, when either too much or too little water is present
in the boiler, the arbor has two grooves cut on its outer surface, these grooves
run out from a point in the arbor forming an angle between these directions,
which angle is the measure of the arc described by the arbor, when the float
rises from the line of the minimum level to that of maximum, the junction of
the grooves is at a point on the arbor which is wholly within the steam pipe
and the mouths are open, and without the steam pipe; the ring or collar within
which the arbor turns steam-tight has also a groove cut in its face; when the
arbour turns so that one portion of its groove comes in a line with this groove
in the collar, the steam then rushes from the interior of the pipe and passing
out at the free end of the groove in the arbor alarms the boiler man. When
the rotation of the axle brings the other groove on the arbor in connexion
with the groove on the collar the steam in like manner escapes in all positions,
between these no escape takes place; the two grooves and the escape of steam
thereby indicating the highest and lowest limits of the water level:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF A MATERIAL OR COMPOSITION FOR CLEANING & POLISHING METALS & GLASS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th June
1861. A communication from abroad by Mr. Alexandre Cochet, of
29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, Chemist.
J, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer & Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF A MATERIAL OR COMPOSITION FOR
CLEANING & POLISHING METALS & GLASS," to be as follows:-
Formula for making a composition which I term brillantine," because it
serves not only to polish and burnish gold, silver, & copper, but also to clean
glass & crystal. I concentrate my extract of guano to 20 or 25 degrees,
according to the quality of the guano; by cooling it becomes crystallized, and
forms a compact paste very like soap.
Take of this paste of extract of guano
of calcined pulverized tripoli
of marine salt
of flour -
100 parts in weight,
25 parts in weight,
10 parts in weight,
12 parts in weight,
and mix the whole together. The water of crystallization existing in the paste
of extract of guano is sufficient to form the whole into a homogeneous paste..
which is allowed to dry. For use the composition is to be diluted in alcohol.
or. brandy, or even in water for ordinary purposes, such as for cleaning glass.
For polishing glass and crystal the marine salt is dispensed with, and
twenty-five parts more of tripoli added.

page_text: For burnishing & finishing delicate articles which, have already a polish, the
following composition should be employed:-
AN IMPROVED TUMBLER LEVER AND BODY APPLICABLE TO DOUBLE AND SINGLE BREECH-LOADING Guns
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Jeffery at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th February
1861.
I, RICHARD JEFFERY, of Guildford, in the County of Surrey, Gun Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
TUMBLER LEVER AND BODY APPLICABLE TO DOUBLE AND SINGLE BREECH-LOADING
Guns," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists of improved modes of securing the barrel or barrels
(when loaded) firmly to the stock and in readily releasing the same, so as to
place the barrels in a position to receive a fresh charge, which arrangements
of apparatus enable me to apply forward action locks, and thus produce a
neater and more elegant gun than has hitherto been made.
In carrying out the improved mode of securing the barrels to the stock and
in releasing the same, I have made the lever which secures the barrels in two
parts; that part of the lever which grips the barrels is at one end of a semi-
circular form with a flat end, the flat end resting on the flat underneath
surface of the barrels, and its convex side lies embedded in the stock, so that
the flat surface of this part of the lever (which I call the tumbler) lies
against the barrels and grips them; this tumbler has a shank upon which it
revolves through the stock or body. The end of this shank is square and fits
into the second or outer part of the lever, which is fastened to it by a screw or

page_text: pin and moves horizontally to and from the trigger guard, thus securing and
releasing the barrels. The two principal peculiarities of this Invention are the
convex form of the tumbler and its lying close to the barrels, which give
immense advantages in constructing a neat and elegant gun.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF SLABS, PANELS, AND OTHER FORMS OR ARTICLES IN PAPER, OR PAPER PULP
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Deakin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th May
1861.
I, JAMES DEAKIN, of Harborne, in the County of Stafford, Architect, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF SLABS, PANELS, AND OTHER FORMS OR ARTICLES
IN PAPER, OR PAPER PULP," to be as follows, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in embedding in or embodying with paper or
paper pulp, of the description used in the papier mâché manufacture, a
layer or sheet, or layers or sheets of wire lattice, or hempen or other netting,
perforated metal sheets, or strips of metal, or lengths of wire, by which I am
enabled to form slabs, panels, or other forms of great strength and lightness,
which, when metal is employed will also be proof against any attempts to break
or cut them through. By this Invention I can also make trays and other
forms or articles in papier mâché or paper pulp, which will equal in strength
the more expensive descriptions made in pasted paper; and such articles may
also be finished off with a coating of pasted paper to give them the requisite
finish and surface, if desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MATTRASSES, CUSHIONS, AND SUCH LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Seymour de Sanges at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st April
1861.
I, SEYMOUR DE SANGES, of 23, Northumberland Street, Strand, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MATTRASSES, CUSHIONS, AND SUCH LIKE ARTICLES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention is designed more particularly for the use of children,
invalids, and persons who are bedridden, and consists in making mattrasses,
cushions, and such like articles with holes or openings through, across, or
along them, said holes in all cases extending from the top side of the article,
so that a person lying or sitting thereon, and performing an aqueous office of
nature, the same will pass off through the said holes or openings, the materials
composing the case or tick of the mattress, cushion, or such like article being
made waterproof. The aforesaid holes may be formed either of tubes of metal,
india-rubber, or other suitable material. By these means cleanliness is
obtained, fetid exhalations prevented, and drying of the article is rendered
unnecessary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PEGS, NAILS, OR LIKE FASTENINGS, FOR UNITING THE SOLES OF BOOTS AND SHOES, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Grint at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th November
1861.
I, JAMES GRINT, of 45, Harrison Street, Grays Inn Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer and Draughtsman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PEGS, NAILS, OR LIKE FASTENINGS, FOR
UNITING THE SOLES OF BOOTS AND SHOES, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
My improvements consist in making pegs or nails of wood, bone, or metal,
or other suitable material so that they will enter readily, having a sharp point,
at the same time will hold securely being barbed near the point. For that pur-
pose the head or after end, which is flat, is enlarged from the body of the peg
in regular tapered or curved lines; by these means the peg or fastening cannot
be readily withdrawn from the material in which it is inserted as the foun-
dation, nor can the substance it attaches thereto be withdrawn over its head,
a secure connection between the substances is therefore established. The
pegs or nails may be further split up, and have a constant tendency
to open thereat whereby they will hold more securely. I also sometimes
make them pointed and barbed at both ends, in which case it is partially driven
into one substance and the other substance placed upon it, when the entering
and driving of both ends takes place simultaneously. I prefer to punch these
pegs or nails from a sheet of metal, in which case they are square or rectan-
gular in cross section, but other shapes and methods of making may be
resorted to.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND APPLICATION TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES OF LIGHT SPIRITUOUS LIQUIDS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Edward Symonds at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th.
December 1861.
I, CHARLES EDWARD SYMONDS, of No. 56, Stone's End, in the Borough of.
Southwark, Oil and Colour Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the-
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND APPLICATION TO
VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES OF LIGHT SPIRITUOUS LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the treatment and application to various useful
purposes of any light spirituous liquid that distils over at a temperature under
the boiling point of water, having a specific gravity not exceeding 0.850,
obtained from coal peat, bitumen, bituminous schists, and other bituminous
substances, petroleum, Rangoon tar, crude paraffine oils, rock or earth oil, and
the like substances. I prefer to purify this light spirit having the aforesaid
properties. This may be effected by simple rectification at a temperature of
about 180 degrees of Fahrenheit's thermometer, or it may be heated with
strong mineral acids, and if necessary afterwards with alkalies, mild or caustic.
The process which I have hitherto found best for producing a superior
quality of article is as follows:- I first heat the light spirit with a
mixture of sulphuric acid and nitrate of soda or potash, adding the acid
by degrees, and afterwards with caustic alkali. I then filter it through
animal charcoal, and distil it over at a temperature of about 180 degrees.
Fahrenheit. I apply the aforesaid spirit as a vehicle for paints and pigments,.

page_text: either alone or mixed with oil or turpentine, or with both; I also apply the
said spirit as a substitute for turpentine or mixed with turpentine in the manu-
facture of oil varnishes by any of the usual and well known methods. I also
employ the said spirit as a substitute for or mixed with turpentine in the
manufacture of turpentine varnishes. I also apply the said spirit for the
purpose of giving light or heat by burning it in any convenient lamp or burner,
or I apply it for the purpose of economising the use of common coal gas, or any
other gas, by mixing its vapour with it by passing the gas over or through
it, contained in a vessel attached to the lamp or burner, or by any other
convenient method. I also apply the said spirit as a detergent and for cleansing
silks, woollens, gloves, feathers, and other articles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ARCHES OR OTHER CURVED STRUC- TURES MADE OF BRICK, STONE, OR OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Daniel Davidge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
June 1861.
I, JOSEPH DANIEL DAVIDGE, of No. 3, City Terrace, Old Street Road, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ARCHES OR OTHER CURVED STRUC-
TURES MADE OF BRICK, STONE, OR OTHER MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in moulding or otherwise shaping clay or other
plastic materials, stone, iron, and wood, so that in constructing the crown of a
tunnel, for example, the pieces shall be self-supporting, even without the use
of cement, if required; this I propose to effect by making two sides of one of
the pieces to be employed in the construction of a double wedge-shapo pointed
at one end, and square at the opposite end. I also form the two sides of
another piece to be employed in the construction of corresponding shape to
the sides of the aforesaid double wedge-shape piece, so that when two or more
of such pieces are fitted one against the other, and an arch or other curved
structure built therewith, same shall be self-supporting, and when put together
with cement form a very strong piece of work. By this Invention the shaped
materials are built up from the face of the work instead of the crown thereof,
as heretofore commonly practised.
IMPROVEMENTS FOR FACILITATING THE DRYING OF WET OR DAMAGED COTTON OR WOOL, OR OTHER SIMILAR FIBROUS MATERIAL
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Goldsmith Tear at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th December
1861.
I, GOLDSMITH TEAR, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS FOR FACILITATING
THE DRYING OF WET OR DAMAGED COTTON OR WOOL, OR OTHER SIMILAR FIBROUS
MATERIAL," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the drying of (say) wet or
damaged cotton, and consists in placing a layer of wet cotton between suitable
open network formed of waterproofed or prepared cord or twine (to prevent
rotting), and which is caused to hold the cotton in the required position by
means of suitable strips of wood inserted through the meshes across the net-
work. After the nets are filled it is proposed to suspend them from the
ceiling of a room or upon suitable supports where a free current of air can
circulate around them, or when convenient in the open air. In some cases it
is preferred to suspend the filled nets in a suitable chamber and apply a
current of heated air, by which arrangement the cotton may be quickly and
conveniently dried.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN INCREASING THE GENERATION OF STEAM IN BOILERS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Armour at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd March
1861.
I, JOHN ARMOUR, of Perceton Fire-clay Works, Kilmarnock, North Britain,
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN INCREASING THE GENERATION OF STEAM IN BOILERS," to be as follows:-
I place blocks or bodies in the boiler for the purpose of displacing a large
amount of water. These blocks or bodies may be of any size, shape, or
substance found suitable, and may be hollow, or otherwise. I prefer to make
cubical bodies of fire-clay, hard burned or glazed, and having projections or
spikes formed on each of the eight corners, and radiating in straight lines from
the centre, so that the bodies can only rest against the plates of the boiler on
small points or surfaces, and allow full space for water circulating on the
heating surface of the boiler. The water is brought to boil much quicker,
and steam is subsequently generated much more rapidly, effecting a great
saving in fuel. These bodies being placed loose in the boiler, are easy of
removal when the boiler requires to be cleaned or repaired.
AN IMPROVED DOUCHE' FOR THE EAR AND. OTHER PARTS OF THE HUMAN BODY
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Savory and William Robert
Barker at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 26th March 1861.
We, JOHN SAVORY, of 143, New Bond Street, Chemist and Druggist, and
WILLIAM ROBERT BARKER, of the same Place, Chemist, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED DOUCHE' FOR THE EAR AND.
OTHER PARTS OF THE HUMAN BODY," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain arrangements of tubing, by the means of
which any required lotion or other liquid can be introduced into the human
ear or other part affected, and thus forms an instrument known to the faculty
as a "douche." We propose to employ a glass cup of suitable shape, within
which is a metallic pipe to pass into the ear; or when required for washing or
bathing external wounds, a perforated rose is to be substituted for the pipe.
A flexible tube is attached to the bottom of the glass cup, to the other end of
which tube is secured a kind of pump, which is caused to act by means of an
india-rubber ball, which, when pressed, drives the fluid up the flexible tube
and out of the rose or pipe, and when again expanded, draws fresh liquor up
into the ball, the fluid being prevented returning into the vessel from which it
is taken by ball valves. After the part affected is washed by the contents of
the ball, it is allowed to escape by another tube let into the side of the glass
cup into an empty vessel without splashing, and a fresh supply driven up the
tube by again pressing the ball.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COTTON, WORSTED, OR COMPOSITE YARNS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Rowntree Priestly at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st November 1861.
I, RICHARD ROWNTREE PRIESTLY, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Yarn Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COTTON, WORSTED, OR COMPOSITE
YARNS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of yarn from worsted or cotton,
in which an ornamental or parti-coloured appearance is obtained by mixing or
sprinkling small portions of fibrous materials of another colour, or another
material upon the lap or fleecy web of worsted or cotton during the carding,
or other operation prior to its being spun into yarn. In this way worsted or
cotton yarn may be mixed or sprinkled with one or more colours of dyed
cotton, wool, silk, or worsted, so as to present when spun a variegated or parti
coloured appearance. Different effects are obtained by varying the colours, or
combining those colours in the yarn which produce the best contrast in the
fabrics to be woven from the yarn so produced.
AN APHRODISION PHOSPHORIZED NERVINE TONIC
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lewis Jacob Jordan at the Office
of the Commissioners, of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd May
1861.
I, LEWIS JACOB JORDAN, of Bedford Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
APHRODISION PHOSPHORIZED NERVINE TONIC," to be as follows:-
I prepare aphrodision phosphorized nervine tonic by mixing the following
ingredients in the subjoined proportions, and the ingredients themselves I
prepare as herein-after described :-
Of hypophosphite of iron (moist)
Of hypophosphorous acid
Of pure quinæ
12 ounces.
LX 40 ounces fluid:
6 drachms.
As much white sugar as may be necessary, say 8 to 10 pounds; distilled
water added to make one gallon. Mix and dissolve the sugar by the appli-
cation of heat, and flavor with vanillæ, orange, or other flavoring material.
1. To obtain the hypophosphite of lime.
Take of hydrate of lime
And phosporous.
18 lbs.
4 "
Boil these with twenty gallons of water, or more if necessary, until the
phosphorous is completely oxidized; then filter through a flannel bag,
evaporate the filtrate to twenty pints, re-filter, and again evaporate to a syrupy
consistence, and set aside to dry and crystallize (secumdum artem).

page_text: popпospune
Prepare by decomposing a per-salt, viz. per-sulphate of iron with hypo-
phosphite of soda, well washing the precipitate with water.
4. To obtain the hypophosphorous acid.
Prepare by the double decomposition of hypophosphite of lime with 1
crystallized oxalic acid in the following proportions:-
Hypophosphate of lime
Oxalic acid, X'
8 ounces (apothecaries' weight).
6 ounces.
دو
Mix and dissolve each salt in separate portions of water, mix the solution
& filter, evaporate the clear liquor to two pints or forty fluid ounces.
5. To obtain pure quinæ.
Take of quinine of commerce pound, apothecaries' weight; sulphuric acid
(dilute), sufficient to dissolved the quinine; caustic ammonia, sufficient to
precipitate the quinæ ; the precipitate to be well washed and carefully dried.
1
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cromwell Fleetwood Varley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th June 1861.
I, CROMWELL FLEETWOOD VARLEY, of No. 4, Fortess Terrace, in the County
of Middlesex, Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS," to be as follows:-
First, of improvements in the source of electricity or batteries.
Secondly, in preventing the escape of the electric force from the conducting
wires, hence economy.
The improvement of the battery, which is a modification of my "gravity
battery," patented on the 5th day of December 1854, No. 2555, consists of
reducing the amount of local action and consequent waste of material; to
effect this, a tube, metallic or otherwise, is placed inside a shallow metallic or
conductible tray or vessel, the bottom of which is generally extended to cover
the bottom of the cell. The tray is sometimes again placed in one or more
trays, which are electrically connected, or the tray may contain several com-
partments. The tube is to receive the negative salt, and has one or more
openings near its lower end to let the dissolved salt into the shallow tray or
trays. The positive metal is suspended in any convenient manner over the
negative metal, and in the fluid. The tube exposes only a limited portion of
negative salt to the fluid, and thus checks its solution. If the negative
solution fill the first tray it will overflow, and the outside of this tray and
the lower plate will then come into action, and consume part of it whenever
the battery is at work; in some cases a porous material is placed over the
tray or compartments to act as a diaphragm, the negative salt may be mixed

page_text: or covered with gelatinous or gummy substances to retard its solution. These
batteries are, in consequence, both more constant, and much more economical.
The waste of electric fluid from the imperfect insulation of ordinary telegraph
lines is very considerable occasioning undue consumption in the battery. The
ordinary insulators are liable to cracks or flaws, and when imperfectly fired
they are not non-conductors. I use very small insulators, reducing the diameter
of the insulating portions as much as possible, and giving the insulator always
two chances. By using a steel, iron, or other suitable pin entirely covered with
vulcanized caoutchouc, vulcanite, or ebonite, if one end be imperfect, the other
prevents the electricity from escaping. These pins I again generally partially
cover with wood, glass, porcelain, earthenware, vulcanite, or other caps. The
insulators are sometimes placed above the wires, these being suspended from
them, sometimes the lower part of the insulator is attached to the support, and
the wire to the upper part of the insulator.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PRODUCING ROVINGS OR SLUBBINGS OF WOOL OR OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Walker and Dan Walker
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
13th March 1861.
We, WILLIAM WALKER and DAN WALKER, both of Lindley, in the County
of York, Woollen Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PRODUCING ROVINGS OR SLUBBINGS
OF WOOL OR OTHER FIBRES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for producing
rovings or slubbings of wool or other fibres. For these purposes a peculiar com-
bination of mechanism is employed, consisting of a series of trumpet-mouthed
tubes, similar to those used by cotton manufacturers, which receive a quick
rotatory motion. These trumpet-mouthed tubes receive a like number of
slivers as they are doffed from the fillet cards of a carder or carding engine.
From these tubes it is preferred that the slivers should pass through between
two rollers, which are driven at any desired surface speed, thence the slivers
pass between two endless rubbing aprons, each of which is carried by a pair of
rollers, which in addition to revolving, have a to-and-fro motion communicated
to them by excentrics or otherwise, so as to rub the slivers between them as
the slivers are conducted through between the rubbing surfaces of the endless
aprons. The surface speed of the rollers which carry the endless aprons, may,
if desired, be greater than that given to the pair of rollers first mentioned, and
thus may the slivers be subjected to a draft.
In place of aprons, rollers having a like endway motion may alone be used..

page_text: The slivers thus treated are then received by and are wound on a long bobbin,
which is caused to rotate by reason of such bobbin resting on a roller which
receives a uniform rotating motion. The bobbin and the roller which actuates
it receives a short endway motion, in order to distribute the slubbings or
rovings on the surface of the bobbin.
IMPROVED RIPLE RANGES AND BUTTS, AND APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Hemming at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th January
1861.
I, SAMUEL HEMMINO, Contractor of Public Works, Moorgate Street, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
RIPLE RANGES AND BUTTS, AND APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is to economize space, to diminish cost, and to
facilitate the safe and convenient use of rifle ranges by a large number of
persons practising at many targets at various distances at the same time. To
effect this, I construct a principal butt at the further extremity of the ground,
and one or more intermediate butts, and I so arrange these butts and the
elevation of the different targets and firing stations upon the level ground and
upon stages, that the firing may go on simultaneously from the extremity of
the ground and from under the shutter of the intermediate butt or butts
against the principal butt or both against and over the intermediate butt or
butts. I make my firing stations at the nearer extremity of the ground and
under the shutter of the intermediate butt or butts at suitable levels for the
different distances, and I place my targets at different suitable distances from
the firing stations, instead of placing them all immediately in front of the
butts, whereby the persons using the range are enabled to shoot at all distances
from positions of perfect safety, and to use all the targets at the same time.
By these means the breadth of butt space available for targets is increased to

page_text: three, four, or a greater number of times the breadth of the ground. I also
secure the safety of the persons practising in going to and from the different
firing stations and butts by means of a shot-proof communication, and I prevent
the straying of bullets fired at targets placed some distance in front of the
respective butts by scarping or ridging the intermediate ground, or otherwise
forming a series of minor butts to receive the shots which may miss the target,
and I use a similar method when required to provent ricochet balls from
striking the targets. I also propose to use electric targets in connection with
my improved rifle ranges instead of ordinary targets are used, and in other
cases, when it is desirable to enable markers or other persons to approach the
targets without interupting the practice, I use traversing shot-proof marker
butts or shields running upon rails or otherwise, by which markers or other
persons may approach close to any target with safety by entering the traversing
butts or shields from a covered way or other position of safety, and moving
them by a winch or otherwise into the required-position.
I construct my butts either of timber and iron or entirely of iron, except
where the ground renders it preferable to form natural butts by scarping a
butt, or to construct the butts of brickwork or earth; also, I propose to make
use of illuminated targets, and if necessary, arrangements for shooting under
cover.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PORTABLE FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Augustus Hely at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
September 1861.
I, ALFRED AUGUSTUS HELY, of Forest Hill, in the County of Surrey, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PORTABLE FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
First, I construct a weapon consisting of a gun or rifle barrel mounted
upon a staff of tough and light wood. instead of a stock of the ordinary
description, the said barrel will be surmounted by a sword bayonet with a
two-edged blade, one edge being by preference curved like a "scimitar;"
the said barrel may be permanently fixed on the said staff or may be capable
of being detached therefrom and carried separately.
Second, I apply a cross guard to the said weapon, consisting of a steel
bar, which when not in use lies in a socket at the back of the barrel, but
draws out (when required for use) through two eyes, the one fixed and the
other revolving, and locks itself in a catch at right angles to the said
barrel, so as to form a means of defence against the cuts or thrusts from a
sword or bayonet.
Third, I mount the said barrel on an ordinary lance staff (either with or
without the said cross guard), whether the blade of the lance be fixed as at
present on the said staff, or is capable of being detached and carried
separately.

page_text: Fourth, I apply the said cross guard to ordinary guns and rifles, which
may be done without altering their stocks or barrels by using two additional
straps, one a break strap carrying the socket, and the other a muzzle strap
carrying the eyes and catch for the said cross guard.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SPECTRUM CAMERAS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Browning and William
Crooks at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 9th May 1861.
We, JOHN BROWNING, of the Minories, in the City of London, Optician, and
WILLIAM CROOKS, of Mornington Road, in the County of Middlesex, Analytical
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SPECTRUM CAMERAS," to be as follows:-
Our improvements in spectrum cameras consist in new arrangements of
the parts so as to produce a new instrument, which we designate the spectro-
scope. The spectroscope is constructed as follows:-A prism, the refracting
edge of which is horizontal, is held in a box or chamber supported upon a
pedestal or stand, the collimator is secured to the front of the chamber, and is
itself provided at front with a horizontal adjustable slit. The back of the box
carries a telescope set at an angle with the collimator, and is furnished with
an adjustable eye-piece. The different parts of the spectrum are brought
into the field of view by raising and lowering the adjustable slit. For a
pocket spectroscope the pedastal may be dispensed with, when the instrument
will stand upon the base of the box.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN RAILWAY BRAKE APPARATUS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Leopard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th June
1861.
I, WILLIAM LEOPARD, of Hurstpierpoint, in the County of Sussex, Corn
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN RAILWAY BRAKE APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to railway brakes for stopping and retarding carriages,
in which the momentum of the train is caused to take effect on the brakes.
I effect this by means of toothed or friction surfaces formed or fixed on the
axles of the carriages; these toothed or friction surfaces are caused to operate
on longitudinal bars placed above and below the axles, which slide at each
end in suitable bearings fixed to the framework, such bars having rack teeth
or friction surfaces corresponding with the axles, so that when pressed on the
axles they are propelled lengthwise one in the opposite direction to the other.
The break surfaces applied to the wheels are mounted on transverse bars
stretched from side to side of the carriage, and having a break surface at each
end, they are constantly pressed away from the wheels by springs or other-
wise. The longitudinal bars have shoulders which, when propelled lengthwise
as described, force the brake bars, and breaks up to the wheels, the one lon-
gitudinal bar forcing two of them (in four-wheeled carriages) in the one
direction, and the other bar the other two in the opposite direction, thereby
firmly gripping the wheels diametrically opposite, and this in whichever
direction the wheels may be revolving. These shoulders allow sufficient play

page_text: of the longitudinal bars before taking effect on the brakes. When the brakes
are not in action, the longitudinal toothed or friction bars are kept out of
contact of the axles by springs or otherwise, but when the brakes are required
to act, contact of axles with the toothed bars is effected by a vertical lever
pivotted midway between the upper and lower bars, and having rollers or
surfaces embracing those bars, which when the lever departs from the vertical
position, & inclines or approaches the horizontal, it compresses the longi-
tudinal bars together, and so causes them to engage with the rotating axles.
The longitudinal bars having no rise or fall at their ends, the slides through
which they pass serve as fulcra, and render them levers in the act of gripping.
The axle motion is given to the actuating vertical lever by a toothed quadrant
on the end thereof, taking into an endless screw formed on a longitudinal -
shaft, which is connected by a socket piece or otherwise to the screw shaft of
the next carriage, and so on to the guard's van or tender, where it is put in
action by the guard or stoker. Instead of the quadrant & endless screw, the
parts may be put in communication by means of toothed or screw gearing
communicating the necessary motion from the continuous shaft to the longi-
tudinal toothed or friction bars. The longitudinal bars separate, & recede
from the axles by the action of springs or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CULTIVATORS AND HORSE HOES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Garrood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st June
1861.
I, CHARLES GARROOD, of Penge, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CULTIVATORS AND HORSE
HOES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in cultivators and horse hoes.
For these purposes a cultivator has two or more axes, cach carrying tines, and
in order to fix the tines to the axes, each axis has a parallel bar fixed to and at
a short distance from it; the stem or upper part of each tine is placed against
the axis and its bar, and is retained thereto by a strap which receives the sten
or upper part of the tine, and a key or wedge is driven in the strap on the
other side of the axis and bar to that against which the tine is held. The
axes are geared together in such manner that on one of the axes being movel
round a distance by a suitable lever or instrument, the other axis and its
tines are similarly acted on. This is accomplished by there being a cog wheel
on each of the axes gearing into an intermediate wheel or otherwise, so that
when the hinder axis is acted on by a lever or instrument so as to turn it in
its bearings, the other or forward axis or axes will be similarly acted on.
In arranging horse hoes, the rod on which the ends of the levers turn or
move is adjusted in the following manner :-A connecting link or rod is applied
to the rod at each end in connection with a screw and nut, by which the con-
necting rod or link can be raised or lowered, and the position of the cutters

page_text: or hoes regulated as to their depth of working. The hinder bar carrying the
guides in which the ends of the levers of the axes are received is capable of
being acted on by suitable handles fixed thereto, so as to guide the hoes
thereby, and by the same handles the cutters or hoes are raised out of the
ground. The ends of the bar to which the forward ends of the levers carrying
the cutters are connected are acted on by two drag links or rods in front.
The forward ends of the levers of the cutters or hoes are connected to the rod
before mentioned by a suitable universal joint, so as to admit of the separate
hoes or cutters being moved sideways, and up or down independently of each
other, and such universal joints may be made by springs, or by links, or
otherwise.