IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Paisley, of Hele Works, in the County of
Devon, Millwright, and George Bertram, of Edinburgh, in the County
of Mid Lothian, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF PAPER."
Sealed the 16th March 1858, and dated the 30th September 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Paisley and George
Bertram at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 30th September 1857.
We, JAMES PAISLEY, of Hele Works, in the County of Devon, Millwright,
and GEORGE BERTRAM, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of paper of all classes, and it con-
sists essentially of a system or mode of economising or preventing the undue
waste of the raw or partially manufactured material employed in the manu-
facture of paper. The Invention is applicable in various stages of the paper
manufacture, but particularly in the routine or process appertaining to the rag
engine and that of the actual paper-forming machine. Hitherto very severe
loss of fibre, or raw or partially manufactured material, has always been sus-
tained by the paper manufacturer by reason of the uncontrolled escape of the
fibrous matter along with the water flowing from the machines as waste.
Now, according to this Invention, the escaping water so charged with fibrous
matter is conducted by a suitable branch pipe into the open smaller end of a
hollow permeable rotatory cone, set horizontally in suitable bearings. This
hollow cone is composed of two end rings with connecting spars or bars,

page_text: carrying an internal wire cloth or permeable lining. The supplying pipe
bringing the water with the fibre therein terminates in a perforated branch,
passed into the smaller end of this cone, and as the latter rotates on its hori-
zontal axes, the fluid is equally distributed in the interior of the cone through
the perforations in the pipe. The opposite wider end of the cone is also open,
and it is set so as to discharge into a stationary reservoir. The effect of the
arrangement is, that as the fluid is thus supplied into the rotating cone, the
clear water is discharged through the permeable material of the cone & flows
away as waste, whilst the fabric is wholly retained within the cone, and is
finally discharged at the wider end thereof into the proper receiver, whence it
is removed for use in the manufacture of paper. With this arrangement the
permeable material of the cone never gets clogged up, but constantly retains
its serving power.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Paisley and George Bertram in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 29th March 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
PAISLEY, of Hele Works, in the County of Devon, Millwright, and GEORGE
BERTRAM, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said James Paisley and George Bertram, Her special license that we, the said
James Paisley and George Bertram, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said James Paisley and George Bertram, our execu-
tors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER,"
upon
the condition (amongst others) that we, the said James Paisley and George
Bertram, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under
the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be

page_text: performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Paisley and George Bertram,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
Our said Invention relates to the manufacture of paper of all classes, and it
consists essentially of a system or mode of economising or preventing the
undue waste of the raw or partially manufactured material employed in the
manufacture of paper. The Invention is applicable in various stages of
the paper manufacture, but particularly in the routine or process appertaining
to the rag engine and that of the actual paper-forming machine. Hitherto
very severe loss of fibre, or raw or partially manufactured material, has always
been sustained by the paper manufacturer by reason of the uncontrolled
escape of the fibrous matter along with the water flowing from the machines
as waste. Now, according to this Invention, the escaping water so charged
with fibrous matter is conducted by a suitable branch pipe into the open
smaller end of a hollow permeable rotatory cone, set horizontally in suitable
bearings. This hollow cone is composed of two end rings with connecting
spars or bars, carrying an internal wire cloth or permeable lining. The sup-
plying pipe, bringing the water with the fibre therein, terminates in a
perforated branch passed into the smaller end of this cone, and as the latter
rotates on its horizontal axis, the fluid is equally distributed in the interior of
the cone through the perforations in the pipe. The opposite wider end of the
cone is also open, and it is set so as to discharge into a stationary reservoir.
The effect of the arrangement is, that as the fluid is thus supplied into the
rotating cone the clear water is discharged through the permeable material of
the cone, and flows away as waste, whilst the fibre is wholly retained within.
the cone, and is finally discharged at the wider end thereof into the proper.
receiver, whence it is removed for use in the manufacture of paper. With
this arrangement the permeable material of the cone never gets clogged up,
but constantly retains its sieving power.
And in order that our said Invention may be properly understood, we shall
now proceed to describe the several illustrative Figures on the explanatory
Sheet of Drawings, which we have hereunto appended for the purpose of
showing certain modifications under which our improvements may be judi-
ciously carried out in practice.

page_text: Figure 1 on our Sheet of Drawings is a side view or longitudinal elevation,
and Figure 2 is an end view of one modification of our improvements in the
manufacture of paper. The apparatus consists of an open rectangular framing
A, made of wood or other suitable material; the end standards or uprights of
this framing are connected together by transverse stay pieces. This framing
serves as the primary support of a hollow conical receiver, one end of which is
carried in the pedestal bearing B, which is bolted to the lower end of the
framing A. The conical receiver is arranged in a horizontal position, its
smaller end being formed of a cast-iron plate C, having a tubular journal
which rotates in the bearing B. The metál end plate C is made with recesses.
round its periphery, into which are fitted à corresponding number of bars of
wood D; these bars diverge from the plate C and form the exterior portion of
the conical receiving apparatus; inside the external bars D is fitted a lining.
of wire cloth or other suitable perméable material E; the wire cloth is secured.
to the bars D by means of internal strips of copper F; these retaining strips
are fastened to the bars D by copper nails or screws. This arrangement or
combination of parts forms a conical permeable receiver or filtering chamber, i
open at its larger end, as shown in the Drawing, and upon the exterior of the
cone a belt pulley G is fitted, to which a slow rotatory movement is given by
means of the endless belt H, which passes over the pulley I.
fast to a horizontal shaft J, fitted overhead and deriving its
This pulley is
motion from a
steam engine or other prime mover. A pipe K, which passes through the
tubular journal of the receiver, serves to convey the waste water and pulp to
the interior of the strainer. The inner extremity of the pipe K is fitted with
a perforated cap or rose head L, in order to diffuse the inflowing stream of
water over the surface of the conical receiver. The waste water that flows.
away from the rag engine or paper machine is conducted into the pipe K, and
is discharged through the perforated cap L into the interior of the receiver.
The rotatory motion of the receiver causes the water to flow over the surface
of the wire cloth E, and thence through the interstices into a receiver or
channel made beneath the strainer for conveying the water away. The pulp
or fibrous materials with which the water is charged as it flows into the
receiver is separated by the wire cloth E, and flows downwards in a semifluid
state into the receiver M. This receiver consists of a rectangular framing of
wood, and is lined with wire cloth or other suitable permeable material. The
superfluous water, which flows into the receiver M, drains off through the
meshes of the wire cloth, and leaves the pulp contained therein in a state fit
for removal either to the pulp vat or to be again passed through the beating
engine. The internal arrangement of the rotatory conical receiver may, by a

page_text: slight modification, be adapted for raising waste water as well as straining the
pulp therefrom; the internal part of the receiver being arranged in manner
similar to a "Persian wheel" or other analogous mechanical contrivance. It
will be obvious that if the waste waters, which flow from the engines and
machines used in the preparation and manufacture of paper, and which waters
are largely impregnated or charged with fibrous materials, be conveyed into an
apparatus of the kind herein-before described, no waste of material can arise.
By thus economising the raw or partially prepared material, the paper manu-
facturer will effect a considerable saving in the consumption of pulp.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, we may observe in conclusion, that we do not confine or restrict ourselves
to the precise details or arrangements which we have had occasion to describe
or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without deviating from
the principles or main features of our Invention; but what we consider to be
novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the general arrangement and construction of apparatus or machinery
applicable to the manufacture of paper, as herein-before described.
Second, the system or mode of preventing the waste of pulp or fibrous
materials used in the manufacture of paper, as herein-before described.
Third, the system or mode of subjecting waste waters charged with pulp or
fibrous materials to a straining or separatory process, and thereby prevent the
waste of the pulp or fibrous matters, as herein-before described.
Fourth, the system or mode of treating waste waters that are charged with
fibrous matters by subjecting them to the action of a centrifugal or rotatory
machine or apparatus in order to separate and reserve the solid matters, as
herein-before described.
Fifth, the application and use in the manufacture of paper of a rotatory
conical strainer, into the smaller end of which the fluid matter to be filtered is
conducted, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Bertram, on behalf of the said
James Paisley and of myself, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this
Twenty-sixth day of March, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
eight.
GEO. BERTRAM. (L.S.)