Improvements in Apparatus to be Employed in Burning Naphtha or other Volatile Liquid, Applicable Especially for Melting Metals which are Difficult of Fusion but also Useful for other Purposes
Year: 1884

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus to be Employed in Burning Naphtha
or other Volatile Liquid, Applicable Especially for Melting
Metals which are Difficult of Fusion but also Useful for
other Purposes
!
[Communicated from abroad by Ludvig Nobel, of St. Petersburg, in the Empire
of Russia, and Carl Gustaf Wittenström, of Motala, Edward Faustman and
Petter Östberg, Civil Engineers, of Stockholm, in the Kingdom of Sweden.]
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
I THORSTEN NORDENFELT of 53 Parliament Street in the City of Westminster
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN BURNING NAPHTHA OR OTHER VOLATILE
LIQUID APPLICABLE ESPECIALLY FOR MELTING METALS WHICH ARE DIFFICULT OF
FUSION BUT ALSO USEFUL FOR OTHER PURPOSES" a communication to me from
abroad by Ludvig Nobel Manufacturer of St Petersburg in the Empiro of Russia
and Carl Gustaf Wittenström of Motala, Edward Faustman and Petter Östberg
Civil Engineers of Stockholm in the Kingdom of Sweden, to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus to be employed in
burning naphtha or other volatile liquid.
•
-j
Hollow trough like fire bars are employed, they are placed one above the other.
The naphtha or combustible liquid is always kept to an equal depth on the fire
bars during the firing. This is conveniently accomplished by a supply and overflow
as follows. There is a small pan cast in one piece with the fire bar and in
connection with the trough like hollow therein.
The naphtha or liquid is supplied to the pan by a feed pipe or by the overflow
from a bar above and the overflow pipe is fitted in the same pan. These overflows
regulate the quantity of naphtha and the equal distribution of it on the different
fire bars. The draft is obtained 'simply by a chimney.
The flame passes from the fire bars into a chamber for the purpose of mixing the
combustible gases with air which is also admitted to the chamber. From this
chamber the flame passes forward into the body of the furnace through a narrow
passage or passages for the purpose of effecting a more complete mixing of the
gases with the air. This arrangement causes the temperature to be raised
considerably and is quite indispensable to a complete and smoke free combustion."'
Figure 1 of the Drawings annexed represents a longitudinal vertical section of a
furnace constructed according to this Invention and adapted for melting metal in
crucibles or pots.
ப
L
Figure 2 is a plan partly in section.
Figure 8 is a transverse vertical section of the same,

page_text: a. a. is the body of the furnace. b. b¹ 6° are crucibles containing the metal to be
fused. The crucibles b, in the compartment of the body of the furnace nearest the
entrance of the flame are receiving the final heating previous to pouring. The
crucibles 662 in the further compartments are receiving a preliminary heating
and will be shifted to the position of the crucibles b when these are moved from
the furnace. c is the chimney.
The fire box d has an aperture at the front into which the fire bars f. f. are built
they are iron troughs placed one above the other the number may be varied, four
fire bars are represented in the Drawing of which the top one is not used as a fire
bar but only for feeding and as a guide for the air. "h, is a pipe by which the.
naphtha or liquid fuel is supplied it enters first into the pan f¹ forming part of the
uppermost fire bar and it overflows from this pan by the short pipe f' into the
pan f1 of the fire bar beneath. The fuel flows from this pan by the perforation f*
into the main trough like cavity f* of the bar which it fills to the level of the
mouth of the overflow f. The surplus liquid descends by this overflow to the
pan f¹ of the bar below and it fills the main cavity to the level of the overflow.
The overflow from the lowest bar of the series is received into a pipe i and is
thereby led away into any suitable receptacle. The supply of liquid fuel should
always be in excess of that which is consumed and evaporated upon the bars.
-Although the fuel is ignited-where it lies in the cavities ƒ of the bars, nevertheless,
in consequence of the limited supply-of air between the bars (which if necessary
may be controlled by a door) more air is required-and-is admitted-into_the_mixing
chamber d through the aperture m regulated by the slide n. For attaining a
complete combustion and a very high temperature the gases and the air must be
-completly mixed and this is effected by making them pass through the narrow
_ passages o. before reaching the body-of-furnace itself.
pis a flue-beneath the body of the furnace through which the products of
combustion may be passed direct to the chimney whilst the body of the furnace is
open for the removal-of-the-pots or for other purposes. Suitable dampers q¨control
the passage. For the purpose of cooling the partitions-in-the_furnace as well as
for the saving of fuel, air is admitted through the channels in the partitions and-
the flue p to the mixing chamber d.
Figures 5. 6 and 7 show the application of the invention to an open hearth
Martin's steel furnace. Figure is an horizontal section Figure 6 is a vertical
section on the line 1. 1. in Figure 5 and Figure 7 is a vertical section on the
line 2. 2. in Figure 5.
The bars are provided on either side of the furnace beds and the outlet to
the chimney is through a chamber in which the materials are beated before
being drawn on to the bed of the furnace for fusion. u is the direct passage to the
chimney for use when required.
As this furnace affords a ready means of obtaining a very high temperature it is
especially suited to the melting of metals which are difficult of fusion nevertheless
the furnace may also be employed for other purposes.
Figures 8.9 and 10 show the application to a steam boiler furnace.
Figure 8 is an end elevation. Figure 9 is a vertical section and Figure 10 is an
borizontal section of part of a boiler of the Cornish type fitted in accordance with
the invention. ff are the trough like bars. h the pipe supplying the naphtha or
liquid fuel and i the pipe by which the. surplus supply is led away. I is the mixing
chamber and m. m. are passages by which air is admitted to this chamber. From
this chamber the gases and the air pass through the narrow passages n (here
vertical) and are completely mixed and then proceed into the boiler flue.

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus to be Employed in Burning Naphtha
or other Volatile Liquid, Applicable Especially for Melting
Metals which are Difficult of Fusion but also Useful for
other Purposes.
I THORSTEN NORDENFELT of 53 Parliament Street in the City of Westminster
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN BURNING NAPHTHA OR OTHER VOLATILE LIQUID
APPLICABLE ESPECIALLY FOR MELTING METALS WHICH ARE DIFFICULT OF FUSION
BUT ALSO USEFUL FOR OTHER PURPOSES "
a communication from abroad by
Ludvig Nobel, Manufacturer of St Petersburg in the Empire of Russia and Carl
Gustaf Wittenström of Moltala, Edward Faustman and Petter Östberg, Civil
Engineers of Stockholm in the Kingdom of Sweden, and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus to be employed in
burning naphtha or other liquid fuel such as the refuse after distilling mineral oil or
the heavier oil from coal tar or other like combustible liquid fuel.
Hollow trough like fire bars are employed they are placed one above the other.
The naphtha or combustible liquid is always kept to an equal depth in the trough
like fire bars during the firing. This is conveniently accomplished by a supply.
and overflow as follows. There is a small pan cast in one piece with each fire bar
and in connection with the trough like hollow therein, also an overflow pipe.
The naphtha or liquid is supplied to the uppermost pan by a feed pipe and passes
by the overflow to the bar below and so on from, bar to bar. The overflow from
the last bar passes away to the exterior of the furnace. In this way if the supply
of liquid fuel is in excess of that which is consumed and evaporated upon the bars
there will always be the same depth of liquid on the bars and consequently as all'
surplus is led away to the exterior perfect combustion can always be ensured and
a uniform production of heat. The draft is obtained simply by a chimney or fan
draught.
"
The flame passes from the fire bars into a chamber for the purpose of mixing
the combustible gases with air which is also admitted to the chamber. From this
chamber the flame passes forward into the body of the furnace through a narrow.
passage or passages for the purpose of effecting a more complete mixing of the
gases with the air. This arrangement causes a most intense temperature to be
produced.
Figure 1 of the drawings annexed represents a longitudinal vertical section of a'
furnace constructed according to this invention and adapted for melting metal in.
crucibles or pots.
Figure 2 is a plan partly in section.
Figure 8 is a transverse vertical section of the same,

page_text: a. a. is the body of the furnace, b. 61 62 are crucibles containing the metal to be
fused. The crucibles b in the compartment of the body of the furnace nearest the
entrance of the flame are receiving the final heating previous to pouring. The
crucibles b¹ bª in the further compartments are receiving a preliminary heating and
will be shifted to the position of the crucibles 6 when these are moved from the
furnace as described in a provisional specification lodged by me on the 10th day of
October 1884 N° 13426. c, is the chimney.
The fire box d has an aperture at the front into which the fire bars f. f. are built
they are iron troughs placed one above the other the number may be varied, four
fire bars are represented in the drawing of which the top one is not used as a fire
bar but only for feeding and as a guide for the air. is a pipe by which the
naphtha or liquid fuel is supplied, it enters first into the pan f¹ forming part of
the uppermost fire bar and it overflows from this pan by the short pipe f* into the
pan of the fire bar beneath.
The fuel flows from this pan by the perforation f³ into the main trough like
cavity of the bar which it fills to the level of the mouth of the overflow f³.
The surplus liquid descends by this overflow to the pan f¹ of the bar below and it
fills the main cavity to the level of the overflow.
The overflow from the lowest-bar of the series is received into a pipe i and is
thereby led away into-any suitable-receptacle. The supply-of-liquid fuel should
always be in excess of that which is consumed and evaporated-upon the bars.
Although the fuel is ignited where it lies in the cavities f of the bars, nevertheless
in consequence of the limited supply of air between the bars (which if necessary
-may-be.controlled by a door) more air is required and is admitted into the mixing
For attaining a
chamber through the aperture m-regulated by the slide n.
complete combustion-and-a very high temperature the gases and-the-air-must be
completely mixed and this is effected by making-them- pass through the narrow
passages before reaching-the-body of the furnace itself.
pis a flue beneath the body of the furnace through-which_the_products of
combustion may be passed, direct to the chimney whilst the body of the furnace is
open for the removal of the pots or for other purposes Suitable dampers q control
the passage. For the purpose of cooling the partitions in the furnace as well as
for the saving of fuel air is admitted through the channels in the partitions and
the flue p to the mixing chamber d.
"
Figures 5. 6. and 7 shew the application of the invention to an open hearth
Martins steel furnace. Figure 5 is an horizontal section Figure 6 is a vertical
section on the line 1. 1. in Figure 5 and Figure 7 is a vertical section on the
line 2. 2. in Figure 5.
The bars ff. are provided on either side of the furnace bed 8, and the outlet to
the chimney is through a chamber t in which the materials are heated before being
drawn on to the bed of the furnace for fusion. u is the direct passage to the
chimney for use when required.
As this furnace affords a ready means of obtaining a very high temperature it is
especially suited to the melting of metals which are difficult of fusion nevertheless
the furnace may also be employed for other purposes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my snid
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
First. A furnace or combustion apparatus constructed with hollow trough like
horizontal bars one above the other supplied with naphtha or other liquid fuel such
as the refuse after distilling mineral oil or the heavier oil from coal tar or other
like combustible liquid fuel and adapted to produce the very high temperature
required for melting wrought iron or other metals which are difficult of fusion.
Second. A furnace or combustion apparatus in which liquid fuel is burnt upon
horizontal trough like fire bars arranged one over the other the liquid being
maintained automatically on the bars at an uniform depth.

page_text: Third. A furnace or combustion apparatus in which liquid fuel is burnt upon
horizontal trough like fire bars arranged one over the other the liquid being
maintained on the bars at an uniform depth by a supply to the uppermost bar and
overflow from bar to bar and exterior outlet from lowest bar.
Fourth. A furnace or combustion apparatus adapted for melting metal in crucibles
or pots and in which liquid fuel is burnt and in which furnace the flame and
vapour from the liquid fuel enter a mixing chamber to which air is admitted and
from which the gases and air to effect complete admixture pass out through narrow
passages into the body of the furnace.