Improvements in Stoves.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Sept., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 7th Nov., 1891--Accepted, 19th Dec., 1891
TRUVIDIONAL DI DUIFICATION.
Improvements in Stoves.
I, LÉON CAMUS, of 15 Rue des Halles, Paris, France, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the construction of heating stoves
and has for object to improve the working of the same, and render them more
durable.
In a stove according to my invention the back of the fireplace is formed by one
or more large hollow bars of refractory earth, within each of which is located
an iron bar intended to keep together the pieces of the outer bar in case of
fracture. These bars may be placed into position and removed with great facility
by means of ribs cast on the side cheeks of the fireplace and which support the
ends of the bars.
This facility of erection enables the bars to be thoroughly utilized, by
enabling them to be turned when one of their faces has become covered with
clinker.
The iron bars forming the front of the grate can also be readily fitted.
For this purpose one of their ends rests in a cavity formed in one of the
side faces of the fireplace, and their other ends in openings formed through the
other face.
Opposite the openings, on the outside of this face of the fireplace, there is
applied by means of springs or a lever with a handle, a plate which serves to retain
the bars firmly in position.
To remove one of these bars, pressure must be exerted on the plate until the bar
is disengaged from the cavity of the opposite face. The bar can then be readily
removed, and the plate returns under the action of the spring into position for
securing the other bars in place.
The fireplace consists of a piece formed by two side uprights connected together
by a back plate above the ashpit, for preventing the entrance of air from below
which is injurious to apparatus of this kind.
Upon this fireplace is arranged a second piece forming a hopper for charging the
fuel, and which also serves to retain in position the rear part of the fireplace which
is composed of a plate of refractory earth having a perforation opposite the escape
nozzle and which protects the outer metal covering sheet and prevents it from
becoming overheated.
This hopper which is of prismatic or conical form at its lower part for the
purpose of connection to the fireplace, is of cylindrical form at its upper part,
and is furnished with a circular groove in which engages the lower end of the
charging pillar which is in one piece with the charging opening of the upper part
and with the groove designed to receive the cover and the sand forming the joint
round the cover.
The joint between the hopper and the charging pillar is made with a packing of
asbestos, and the strength of the union is ensured by the depth of the groove of the
upper part of the hopper and by the weight of the casting forming the charging
pillar.
The cover of the stove is formed of a circular iron casting fixed to the outer
covering metal sheet and is provided at its centre with an opening allowing of the
passage of the cast iron cover which engages in the groove of the charging pillar
and which is connected to a plate dressed to fit accurately this opening, so that in
order to open or close the stove, only one operation is required.

page_text: The feet upon which the stove rests, are constructed in such a manner as to be
capable of being adjusted as to height by means of screws, in order that the
escape opening shall be on the same level as the opening in the chimney
plate.
L. CAMUS,
By L. W., per F. B.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Stoves.
I, LÉON CAMUS of 15 Rue des Halles, Paris, France, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in the construction of stoves, the object
being to improve the working, to facilitate erection and repairs, and to increase
the durability of the same.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is a vertical central section; and
Fig. 2 is a horizontal cross section, of a stove constructed according to this
invention.
Figs. 3 to 6 inclusive are detail views hereinafter referred to.
The stove is constructed with a fire place A formed by two side cheeks d of cast
iron connected together by a plate e which is or may be cast in one with the bed
plate, and which has for object to prevent air from entering through the ashpit
which is very injurious to the proper working of apparatus of this kind. The back
of the fire grate is formed by one or more large hollow bars B of refractory
material such as fire-clay within each of which is located a metallic bar the object
of which is to hold together the pieces of the hollow bar B in which it is located,
in the event of breakage of the same. To facilitate the insertion and removal of
the large bars B they are laid upon ribs y formed on each of the side cheeks d of
the fire place. The lower hollow bar is arranged in such a manner as to be
prevented from getting out of place as for instance by turning on its lower edge
through any cause whatever, because in such turning movement it would come
against the rib supporting the upper bar. Similarly in such a movement of the
upper bar such bar would come against the lower portion of the charging hopper G.
The bars would thus be caused to fall back upon their supports. To remove the
said bars, it is merely necessary to raise them by hand sufficiently to enable them
to be passed laterally over the upper edges of the lower curved portion of the
ribs g.
This facility of erection also allows of a better utilization of the bar, because,
when one of its faces, namely h, which is nearest the fire, has become covered
with scale, it can, by turning this face to the rear be made to serve for a further
period.
The iron bars A* which form the front of the fireplace or grate are also arranged
to be readily put in place. For this purpose, recesses i are formed in one of the
side cheeks of the fire place, whilst through the other cheek there are formed
openings. To place the bars in position, they are passed through the openings
in the one cheek d, and are then placed in the corresponding recesses i in the other
cheek. In order to secure them in this position, and to prevent them falling down
when the fire place is bein; scraped or cleaned, I employ the following arrangement
Opposite to the openings k, and external to the fire place, there is arranged agains
the side of the latter, a plate 1, (Figs. 5 and 6) which is normally kept up agains
these openings by means of coiled or other springs k¹, or by a hand lever k

page_text: (Figs. 3 and 4) or by any other suitable device. When the bars are inserted into
the openings k, pressure must be exerted upon the plate which can be moved into
and fixed in its closed position, when all the bars have been passed into their
corresponding recesses i, thus effectually securing the bars in place. To remove
the bars, the plate / must be first moved from opposite the openings k after which
the bars can be moved laterally. At the back of the fireplace is a thick plate C
of refractory material, which is formed with a hole D opposite the outlet pipe E
of the stove. This plate protects the metallic casing F from the direct action of
the fire, and thus prevents it from becoming red-hot and consequently damaged.
Its mass added to that of the bars B at the back of the fire grate forms a
reservoir of heat very favorable to the proper working of the apparatus.
Above the fire place and resting on the plate C and side cheeks d is arranged a
hopper G of cast iron for charging the fire grate with fuel. This hopper is of
rectangular form in cross section at its lower part to fit the upper part of the fire
place, and is of cylindrical form at its upper part for the purpose of ready con-
nection to the cylindrical charging column H hereinafter called the fuel receptacle.
For this purpose, the hopper is formed at its said upper part with an annular
groove n furnished with suitable packing material for example asbestos, and in
which fits the lower edge m of the fuel receptacle H. This receptacle is provided
with a charging opening I the surrounding wall of which is formed with a circular
groove o for the reception of the rim S of a cover s¹ and of sand designed for
forming a good joint at this part.
The fuel receptacle may be built up to the necessary height in any suitable
number of parts arranged to simply fit one upon the other.
The joint between the hopper G and the fuel receptacle H will be rendered
sufficiently secure by the packing of asbestos or other material placed between
them, by the depth of the groove at the upper part of the hopper, and by the
weight of the fuel receptacle which will be borne by the packing material.
As will be readily seen, the erecting and taking down of this stove composed of
the three main parts, viz. the fire place proper A, the hopper G, and the fuel
receptacle H can be effected in a very simple and rapid manner.
The cover or lid of the stove is composed of a perforated ring p fixed to the
outer sheet metal casing F and to which is attached another ring 9 through the
opening in which the covers can be placed in position above the charging
opening I. The covers is connected in a more or less rigid manner to a plate t
which is adapted to fit accurately over the opening in the ring 9, the arrangement
being such that to charge the stove and to replace the cover upon the same, there
is only one part to be manipulated instead of two parts as in many stoves hereto-
fore constructed, or a much lighter part since only a portion of the outer cover is
handled. The plate t and also the rings p and q can be made more or less
ornamental in appearance, if desired.
Two vertical pipes J arranged one at each side of the fire place pass through
the hopper and enter the interior of the fuel receptacle. These pipes afford
communication between the lower part of the ashpit and the upper part of the
fuel receptacle in such a manner as to cause a vertical draught of air, which,
after becoming heated by contact with the walls of the fire-place, mingles with
the gases which may be produced between the cover s¹ and the fuel, the gaseous
mixture attaining sufficient pressure to pass through the fuel and enter the
fire place where it is burnt, thus promoting combustion. The arrangement of
these pipes one at each side of the fire place causes an approximately equal or
balanced draught and produces the best gaseous mixture for a good combustion.
The stove is carried by feet a consisting of screws the heads of which rest
on the ground whilst the screw threaded portions work in screw-threaded
bosses c that are cast on the bed plate and constitute nuts. The heads of the
Screws are formed with holes adapted to receive a pointed tool or spike for
the purpose of turning the screws in such a manner as to level the stove and

page_text: adjust it vertically in order to bring the outlet pipe opposite the opening in the
movable chimney plate.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The construction of a stove in-three main parts arranged to simply rest one
upon another so as to be capable of being easily put together and taken apart
substantially as described and shewn.
2. In a stove, the arrangement at the rear of the fire grate, of hollow bars of
refractory material each provided with an iron core, and carried by ribs formed on
the sides of the fire place the arrangement being such that the bars can be readily
and with certainty placed into position substantially as described.
3. In a stove, the construction and arrangement herein described whereby the
metallic front bars of the grate can be readily placed in position and be afterwards
retained therein by means of a spring plate which closes the openings throngh
which the said bars are passed.
4. In a stove, the combination with the rear bars such as B of refractory material,
of a plate such as C of refractory material located at the back of the grate, and
designed to protect the outer sheet metal casing of the stove, and prevent it from
becoming over heated, the said back plate at the same time, serving by its mass in
conjunction with that of the rear bars of refractory material, to form a reservoir
of heat to promote the proper working of the apparatus.
5. In a stove, the combination of an obturating cover such as ' with an upper
cover such as t, in such a manner as to facilitate the manipulations of these covers
when charging the fuel receptacle and to lighten the parts to be manipulated
substantially as herein described.
6. In a stove, the arrangement of pipes at opposite sides of the fire place for the
purpose of obtaining a balanced vertical draught of air, these pipes serving to
convey air, which becomes heated by contact with the fire place, to the upper part
of the fuel receptacle, whère it mingles with gases liberated from the fuel and
attains sufficient pressure to pass downward through the fuel and into the fire place
to promote combustion.
7. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the improved stove
substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and shewn in the drawings
annexed.
Dated this 7th day of November 1891.
LEON CAMUS,
By L. W., per F. B.