Improvements in Lamps.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Oct., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 28th June, 1890-Accepted, 2nd Aug., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lamps.
JOHN THOMAS 567 Caledonian Road London N. Lamp Manufacturer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This Invention relates partly to gas lamps in which an artificial draught of heated
air is used to produce combustion and partly also applicable to mineral oil lamps
when such are intended for use in the open air and consists principally of improved
arrangements of gas burner and improved arrangements for supplying heated air
to the flame-and also provides means for enabling such lamps as referred to-to be
used in the open air without being affected by the wind.
The arrangements employed are as follows-
Two circular motal plates fixed a certain distance apart by a circular band of metal—
form an air chamber in which air is heated to be supplied to the flame.
Small apertures in the band serve to admit air to this chamber.
The bottom plate is extended beyond the band and forms the foundation upon
which is supported a lamp body or casing. From the underside of this bottom plate
In the centre of the
is suspended the glass globe or dish that surrounds the flame.
bottom plate is formed a short cylindrical tube. This tube encloses the burner which
is of the Argand form in an inverted position, but having an annular slot or opening
in preference to the holes usually employed. The lower part of the short tube is by
preference made of porcelain or other refractory material and is made removable.
The bottom edge of the porcelain part is thickened so as to extend outwards and
inwards forming as it were a broadened base to the wall of the tube. In the centre
of the burner is a conical shaped button the base of the cone tapering outwards to
meet the contracted edge of the porcelain ring. The space between the two edges
forming an annular opening through which the flame passes. Surrounding the
short tube referred to, but at a little distance from it and depending from the bottom
plate of the hot air chamber-is a circular body or band of metal which is perforated
with small holes near the lower edge.
A convex reflector of annular form is connected to the bottom edge of the circular
body just mentioned and forms with the bottom plate of the hot air chamber, a
channel for conveying air from the hot air chamber to the small holes in the circular
band already referred to-apertures being made in the bottom plate of the hot air
chamber for this purpose. Tubular passages are made through the hot air chamber
in the space between the short tube and the perforated circular band-these convey
away the products of combustion up to the chimney and serve also to heat the air in
the heating chamber.
The tips of the flame pass up in the space between the short tube and the perforated
circular band and in so passing are impinged upon by the current of heated air
issuing from the perforations in the circular band. A chimney with a conical shaped
base is fixed on the top of the hot air chamber, the conical base enclosing the top ends
of the tubular passages.
Surrounding the chimney and the hot air chamber is a cylindrical body or casing,
having holes in the lower part for the admission of air.
When the lamp is intended to be used in the open air-an additional cylindrical
body or casing is fitted outside the casing already mentioned.
This additional body or casing has a broad extended base formed of two flanges
connected by a band or rim on their outer edges. Holes for the admission of air
are made in this band.
The top flange may be made removable for the purpose of cleaning. With this
arrangement the inner casing has also an extended base of similar form to the outer
Prinz 11

page_text: casing, but the holes for the admission of air are made in the top part of the extended
base, instead of the lower part as already described.
On the top of the outer casing is a conical shaped rim, on the top or small end of
which is fixed an inverted conical shaped rim which is perforated with large holes.
On the top of this latter rim is fixed a hollowed cover or cap having an aperture in
the centre equal to the diameter of the top of the chimney.
Surrounding the perforated cone is a band to act as a guard and over all is a large
hollowed cover or cap.
The whole of the top part of the lamp is by preference made
to open with a hinge joint and fastened with a spring catch.
In applying my invention to mineral oil lamps, employ a glazed lantern frame, in
the bottom of which I place the oil reservoir and burner. The burs of the lantern
are made hollow and serve as air channels for conveying air from the upper part to
the lower part of the lantern.
The bottom ends of these channels terminate in a chamber beneath the oil
reservoir.
Tubes or passages are made through the reservoir for conveying air from the
chamber referred to-to the burner. The top of the lantern frame or body consists
of an enamelled iron plate and corresponds to the bottom plate of the hot air chamber
already described.
The top ends of the hollow bars terminate in a chamber formed of two plates
connected by a band as already described and instead of the tubular passages before
mentioned one central tube is used leading to the chimney. The arrangements for
the top part of the lamp are substantially the same as already described for lamps to
be used in the open air.
Dated this First day of October 1880
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lamps.
I, JOHN THOMAS 567 Caledonian Road, London N. Lamp Manufacturer, do
Hereby declare the nature of this Invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement --
My Invention relates more particularly to gas lamps in which an artificial draught
of heated air is used to produce combustion, and which are intended for use in the
open air, the arrangements employed for this latter purpose being also applicable to
mineral oil lamps.
I will proceed to describe my improvements with reference to the accompanying
drawings.
Figure 1 shews a lamp partly in elevation and partly in vertical section, which is
intended for use indoors.
BB are two circular metal plates secured together at a certain distance apart by
a perforated flanged ring A, through the perforations of which air can enter the
chamber formed between the plates, so as to become heated therein on its passage
to the flame. The bottom plate B is extended beyond the ring A and serves on the
upper side as the support for the casing D while on the under side it carries the
attachment for the glass globe or disc C.
The lower plate B has a central hole round which is formed a downward extending
ring or tube E that surrounds the burner F which is of an inverted annular or
Argand form, by preference with an annular opening G, instead of the small holes
usually employed. The tube E terminates in a head E by preference of porcelain or
other refractory material, which is made removeable, and which is widened out at its
lower end so as to extend both outwards and inwards as shewn.
Centrally within the burner is a button H formed in a similar manner to the
head E, which it approaches so as to leave a narrow annular opening I between them,
this opening being in line with the annular opening of the burner. The tube E and

page_text: button H thus form together an annular hot air chamber enclosing the burner E
on both sides, into which chamber the heated air passes from the hot air chamber L,
and from which it issues through the opening I, on both sides of the flame issuing
from the burner, so that in causing the air to impinge with increased velocity due to
the restricted opening closely upon each side of the flame at one and the same point;
a very intensive action will be obtained, resulting in a most perfect combustion and a
perfectly steady flame.
Outside the tube E, holes are formed in the plates B through which extend tubes N,
passing through the chamber L and communicating with the space within the
chimney M, so that by the draught thus produced the flame on issuing from the
orifice I is made to curve round the head E and rise up towards the tubes N, as
indicated. At about the tips of the flame, this is provided with a further supply of
air, made to impinge upon it from an annular air space formed between a perforated
ring J and the reflector K, both of which are fixed to the lower plate B, this having
openings as indicated communicating with the said space for the entrance of heated air
from the chamber L.
The coned chimney M has its lower part M¹ formed with increased conicity so as
to enclose the tubular passages N and is fixed to the upper plate B. Surrounding
the chimney and hot air chamber is an outer tapering casing D, the lower part of
which is also enlarged and is provided with holes D¹ for the entrance of air. X is
the gas supply pipe to the burner.
Figure 2 shews, in part elevation and part vertical section, a modified construction
of the casing of the above described lamp, for enabling it to be used in the open air.
For this purpose an annular plate 02 is made to form an extension of the lower
plate B for supporting the casing D³ which corresponds to 1) of Figure 1, and an
outer casing O enclosing the casing D². The lower enlarged part of the latter has
holes formed on its upper surface, instead of on its vertical surface as before; the
casing O is similarly enlarged at 01 at bottom, and has holes P¹ formed in its vertical
side P. Surrounding the latter is a cylindrical guard Z fixed to the outer edge of
the plate 02.
Owing to the arrangement of the holes P₁ in the vertical wall P, while the holes Q
in the inner casing D are arranged in the horizontal surface, any excessive pressure
of wind entering through P will not so readily pass through the holes Q. into the
lamp, but will find a freer passage up the annular space between the casings D2
and O, and in arriving at the top of the casing D' will tend to establish a balance of
pressure between the air at that part and that at the lower part of the lamp, and
thus avoid any excessive chimney draught that might occur from undue air pressure
in the lower part of the lamp only.
The outer casing O has its upper end R made with increased conicity and has fixed
to its end an inverted cone S having large sized holes for the escape of the combus-
tion gases, and is closed at top by a cap T having a central aperture U equal in diameter
to that of the top of the chimney M. Surrounding the cone S is a cylindrical guard S
for protecting the openings of S against the action of wind, this guard being:
supported by stays from R, and above this is a convex cap V, supported by stays
from S. The part R of the casing, together with the upper parts carried thereby
are by preference made to turn upon a hinge at W, so as to give access for cleaning,
the parts being secured in position on the opposite side by a catch. With the above
described construction, on the occurrence of wind, this will partly strike the top of
the convex cap V; partly it will pass between the caps V and T and being deflected
by the surface of T will pass out on the opposite side and partly it will strike the
guard S, and thus any material entrance of the wind into the chimney will be
effectually prevented, while the escape of the combustion gases will take place freely
on the side opposite that on which the wind strikes.
Fig. 3 shews a part elevation and part vertical section of a mineral oil lamp to
which the just described construction of casing is applied for enabling it to be used
in the open air. A is a glazed lantern frame, in the bottom of which is placed the
oil reservoir and burner B. The bars C of the lantern are made hollow and serve as
'

page_text: channels for conveying the necessary air from the upper part to the lower part of
the lamp, in which is formed a chamber D³ the upper part of which is partly formed
by the lamp reservoir B³. This has tubular passages E2 formed through it, through
which consequently the air rises from the chamber D³ to the burner B³, as indicated by
the arrows.
The top of the lantern frame consists of an enamelled iron plate F2 and corresponds
to the bottom plate B of the hot air chamber in the previous arrangements.
Above this plate is formed an air chamber G³, formed by the said plate F' and
an upper plate F³, with which chamber the upper ends of the hollow bars C³
communicate, the upper plate F3 being formed with holes for the entrance air from
the space between the inner casing D and outer casing 0, which, together with the
upper parts of the casing and outer guard plate Z are constructed and operate in the
same manner as described with reference to Fig. 2, and being indicated by the same
letters of reference, need not be further described.
The plate F has a central tube I for the escape of the combustion gases, upon
which tube is fitted the chimney I³.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In gas lamps operating with a heated air supply, enclosing the inverted annular
burner of the lamp in an annular air chamber having a narrow annular opening
situated below and in line with the annular orifice of the burner, so that the flame
issues from the latter through the said narrow opening, together with a current of
air impinging closely against each side thereof, whereby perfect combustion and a
steady flame is ensured, substantially as herein described.
2. In combination with the arrangement of lamp burner referred to in the preceding
claim, the use of a perforated annular air chamber J K for the supply of air to the
tips of the flame substantially as described.
3. In a gas lamp operating with a heated air supply and inverted burner, the
combination of a hot air chamber L with a second hot air chamber E E' H within
which is the annular gas burner F, tubes N passing through the hot air chamber L,
annular air chamber JK for supplying the tips of the flame with air, coned
chimney M M and outer casing D with air holes D', all arranged and operating as
herein described with reference to Figure 1 of the drawings.
4. The construction of casings for lamps to be used in the open air, combined
and operating substantially as described with reference to Fig. 2 of the drawings.
5. In combination with the chimney M of a lamp, the use of an inner casing D
with enlarged base, and air inlet holes formed in its horizontal surface, and an outer
casing with enlarged base O₁ P, having air inlet holes P¹ formed on its vertical
wall, substantially as described with reference to Figure 2 of the drawings.
6. In mineral oil lamps for burning in the open air the combination of a casing
such as is referred to in the preceding claims, with an air chamber D³ formed in the
bottom of the lamp, communicating with the upper air chamber G2 by hollow bars (3,
and from which the air passes to the burner through passages E2 formed through
the reservoir of the lamp substantially as described with reference to Fig. 3 of the
drawings.
Dated this 27th day of June 1890.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.