IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENING OR SECURING TYRES OR RINGS TO WHEELS."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Maitland Yeomans, of Queen Victoria Street, in
"
the City of London, for an Invention of 'IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENING OR
SECURING TYRES OR RINGS TO WHEELS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Maitland Yeomans
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th February 1881:
DAVID MAITLAND YEOMANS, of Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENING OR SECURING TYRES OR RINGS TO WHEELS."
My Invention relates to a method of fastening or securing tyres or rings to
wheels so as to prevent the tyre or ring from slipping round on the rim of the
wheel when slackened by friction of brake or from other causes.
According to my Invention I turn the rim or a portion of the rim of the wheel
and bore the inside or a portion of the inside of the tyre or ring oval or eccentric to
the other portion, and in the case of tyres secured by clips or continuous rings I
turn the clips or rings oval, eccentric, or circular, and the recesses or projections in
one or both sides of the rim of the wheel and in the tyre eccentric to the rim of
the wheel and the inside of the tyre. By this means the tendency to slipping is
neutralized, as from the eccentricity of the parts a circular wedging action is
produced which ensures the tightness of the tyre.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said David Maitland Yeomans in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th August 1881.
DAVID MAITLAND YEOMANS, of Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENING OR SECURING TYRES OR RINGS TO WHEELS."
My said Invention relates to a method of fastening or securing tyres or outer
rings forming the running surfaces to wheels so as to prevent the tyre or ring from
slipping round on the rim or body of the wheel when slackened by friction of the
brake or from other causes, and it consists in turning the rim or outer periphery of
the wheel, or a portion or portions thereof, and boring the inside or a portion or
portions of the inside of the tyre oval or eccentric to the running surface of the
tyre, and in the case of tyres secured by clips or continuous rings turning the
periphery of the recesses or projections, or a portion or portions thereof, in one or
both sides of the tyre of the wheel, or of the tyre and the rim or peripheral portion
of the body of the wheel, oval or eccentric to the rim or outer periphery of the
wheel and the inside of the tyre, and turning the periphery of the clips or rings or
one of them, or a portion or portions of them, or if oval or eccentric, or placing
the clips or rings eccentrically to fit the said recesses or projections; the tightening
is effected by a circular wedging action taking place when the tyre has a tendency
to slip round on the rim.
The system may be applied as an improvement in conjunction with various
methods of securing tyres to wheels, the advantage gained being that the tyres
. will be prevented from slipping round by the circular wedging action set up,
and without the application of bolts or other stops which tend to weaken the
tyre.
The eccentric portion bored in the tyre and turned on the rim may be on the
flange side or on the other side, or in the centre, or on both sides, or extend over
the whole width of the tyre; the amount of eccentricity may also be more or less
according to circumstances.
A great advantage gained by this system is that tyres can be put on cold, whereby
the expense of heating them in order that they may be shrunk on is obviated,
whilst at the same time the strain thrown upon the wheel by this operation
causing broken tyres, wheels, spokes, and other injuries is also avoided.
The several Figures of the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings illustrate
examples of the manner in which my said Invention may be carried out, tho same
letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the Figures.
Figure 1, Sheet 1, of the accompanying Drawings represents a sectional elevation
of half of an ordinary railway carriage wheel having my said Invention applied
thereto; and Figure 2 is a transverse section of the same; Figures 3 and 4, Sheet 2,
are similar views to Figures 1 and 2, but illustrating the application of my said
Invention to a driving wheel the tyre of which is secured by what are known as
Mansell rings.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2, A is the rim of the wheel, and B is the tyre, which
latter may be prevented from slipping sideways off the rim of the wheel by any of
the plans usually adopted, as, for example, on the inside by a shoulder a on the
tyre and on the outside by a ring 6 made in segments which fit into a recess in the
tyre and are secured by tap bolts c secured into the rim of the wheel, as shewn in
the Drawing. According to my said Invention I make a portion of the rim of
the wheel and of the tyre eccentric to the other portion, as shewn at d, e, the
extreme point of eccentricity being at d, whilst the eccentric surface merges in
the cylindrical surface at c. Under this arrangement when there is any tendency

page_text: for the tyre to slip round on the rim a circular wedging action takes place, which
counteracts or neutralizes such tendency and prevents the slipping round, also
ensuring the tightness of the tyre, whilst at the same time this result is accomplished
without the employment of bolts or set screws for securing the tyre to the wheels,
the holes for which are a source of weakness to the tyre.
In the modification illustrated in Figures 3 and 4, which represent one half of a
driving wheel having its tyre secured thereto by what are known as Mansell rings,
a portion of the rim A of the wheel and the tyre B is made eccentric, as shown
at d, e, in the manner hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 1 and 2, and
in addition thereto the inside securing ring C which engages in the rim A and
tyre B is also made eccentric on its outer periphery, and the recess in the tyre is
made of a similar shape to correspond, the eccentricity being at its extreme point
at f, which is at the side of the wheel opposite to that of the extreme point d of
eccentricity of the tyre and rim, so that the circular wedging action hereinbefore
described takes place at two opposite points. The securing ring C¹ on the outside
is in this case made cylindrical, the eccentric ring being by preference applied on
the flange side, which part is not subjected to the hammering and rolling action
which would tend to distort and bulge the recesses and ring. The rings C, C¹, may
however both be made eccentric, the extreme points of eccentricity of the two rings
being respectively at opposite sides of the wheel. In this case it is preferred to
arrange the extreme points of eccentricity of the two rings C, C¹, and the portion d
of the rim and tyre at equal intervals round the wheel, so that the circular
wedging action shall take place at three equi-distant points. In lieu also of
using two eccentric securing rings two cylindrical rings placed eccentrically may
be employed.
Similar arrangements to that hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 3
and 4, and to the modifications subsequently described, may also be applied to
wooden wheels.
When the securing rings are rigidly attached to the rim of the wheel by rivets,
as shewn at g in Figures 3 and 4, or by bolts, the external periphery of the rim
and the internal periphery of the tyre adapted thereto may in some cases be made
cylindrical, the securing rings or one of them, or a portion or portions of them, and
the recess or portions of the tyre, or of the tyre and rim, which it or they fit being
alone made eccentric.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original,
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the hereinbefore in part
recited Letters Patent is,-
Fastening or securing tyres or outer rings to wheels by forming the contact
surface of the rim or outer periphery with the tyre, or of a portion or portions
thereof, oval or eccentric, or by forming or arranging the contact surface of the tyre,
or tyre and rim, or peripheral portion of the body with the securing clips or
continuous rings, or one of them, eccentric or eccentrically, or by both methods in
conjunction, substantially as herein before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said David Maitland Yeomans, have to this my
Specification set my hand and seal, this 15th day of August, One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
DAVID MAITLAND YEOMANS. (L.S.)