Improvements in Lining Pipes and the like.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 16th May, 1899-Accepted, 17th June, 1899
Improvements in Lining Pipes and the like.
We, JOHN THEODORE HINDS, of No. 150, Fulton Street, City of New York
(Borough of Brooklyn), County of Kings, and State of New York, United States
of America, Coppersmith, and ROBERT LEWIS, of No. 2817, Kirkbride Street,
Bridesburg, City of Philadelphia, County of Philadelphia, and State of Penn-
sylvania, United States of America, Upholstery Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of our invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,"
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Objects of our invention are to line pipes of any shape, however irregular,
with soft metal in such a way that a tight and perfect fit is insured between the
pipe and its lining and in such a way that the lining may be of comparatively
great thickness and may be re-inforced or made of increased thickness, if desired,.
at any point or points along the pipe; and further to carrying the lining un-
broken and without joints around, past or through the union of branches with
the main pipe. Other objects of our invention will be understood from the
following description.
Generally stated, our invention comprises the proper application and arrange-
ment of the lining by the regulated application of heat so as to adapt it to the
purpose, and also the application of pressure to the lining thus prepared, all as
is hereinafter more fully described and pointed out in the claims.
The nature, characteristic features and scope of our invention will be more
fully understood from the following description taken in connection with the
accompanying drawings forming part hereof and in which,
Figures 1 to 7 inclusive, represent views of a number of differently shaped
pipes to which we have applied our invention, although we may apply our in-
vention to any form other than those shown.
Figure 8 is a side elevational view illustrative of our invention.
Figure 9 is a similar view also illustrative of our invention.
Figures 10 and 11 are respectively side and sectional views of parts adapted
for use in connection with the mechanism shown in Figure 8, and
Figures 12, 13, 14 and 15 are diagrammatic views to which reference will be
hereinafter made.
Upon Figures 1 to 7, inclusive, we have indicated in inches the diameter of
the several parts, branches, etc., so as to enable those skilled in the art to clearly
comprehend the capabilities of our invention. In order to line a pipe with block
tin, lead or other comparatively soft metal, as copper, brass and alloys, in
accordance with our invention we proceed in the manner hereinafter described,
and for the sake of clearness and explanation, we have referred more particularly.
to the lining of a curved and branched pipe with lead and shall point out where
in our invention is applicable to the lining of a straight pipe. The pipe, jacket
or casing a, which is to be lined is supported and firmly held in such position
that one (for example, the left-hand) end abuts upon a suitable die block or
support. Referring to Figure 8, d, indicates such a die block or support secured
to or mounted on one end of a rigidly constructed table c. Upon the opposite

page_text: To
end of the table e, is mounted a windlass y, arranged for the application of
considerable power.
Connected with the windlass g, is a drag rope, wire rope,
or other suitable strong flexible connection m. The lining pipe or tubular
lining n, designed to enter the pipe a, is mounted in suitable guides 6', carried
by the table b, and arranged in such manner that the pipe n, can slip through
them. The left-hand end of the lining pipe à, enters the right hand end of the
pipe a. The drag rope m, passes from the windlass g, through both pipes a
and n
and is connected with a suitable cap o, or other device arranged to snugly
fit both the inside and outside of the right-hand end of the pipe n.
The right-
hand end of the pipe n, is preferably kept at a comparatively low temperature
so that it shall possess considerable rigidity in order to withstand the strain
exerted upon it by the rope and windlass in order to force the left-hand end
of the pipe n, into the pipe . In order to guard against buckling or collapsing
of the soft metal pipe n, at the bends or curves of the pipe a, we apply heat, for
example, by means of devices r, which serves not only to somewhat expand the
shell a, but also to soften and render pliable the pipe n, and in general to assist
in the passage of the inner soft metal pipe around the bends or curves.
further assist in the passage of the inner tube into the outer one, we may treat
the left-hand portion of the inner tube to the action of heat, for example, by
means such as the burner r, which heat will increase its flexibility. Of course
care is required in the application of heat in the manner described, as it is not
desirable to fuse the interior pipe or lining. The requisite degree of heat will
depend upon the thickness of the lining and on the thickness and character of
the curvature of the outside pipe and should be sufficient to render possible the
passage of the lining around the bends in the manner described. We have
attained good results by using an inner tube or lining of approximately a quarter.
of an inch less diameter than the internal diameter of the outer pipe or jacket,
although pipes of different relative diameters may be employed without departing
from the spirit of our invention. Referring to Figures 10 and 11, the drag rope
is shown to be of generally oval cross-section and to consist of a number of bodies
strung upon a suitable cord. Such a rope is well adapted to the practice of our
invention although it may be replaced by other kinds or ropes when required.
In using a rope of the kind described, we construct it of such diameter as will
be appropriate to the lining and we find that it operates as a guard to prevent
undue buckling and bending of the lining. tube. We may use a lining tube
of such length that when the cap o, abuts on the right-hand end of the pipe a,
the lining tube extends beyond the left-hand end of the pipe a. The portion of
the lining tube that extends beyond the left hand end of the pipe a, may be
expanded and caused to bear on the face of the flange, and the portion of the
lining pipe that was enclosed in the cap o, may be similarly expanded and used
to cover the flange on the right-hand end of the pipe. a. Of course mechanical
power may be substituted for the hand windlass shown in cases where it is
desired to line pipes of comparatively large diameter or to employ linings of
comparatively great thickness. From the foregoing description it is apparent
that the lining is drawn into the pipe by means of the windlass, operation being
facilitated, where necessary, by the regulated application of heat. Clearly a
second lining may be drawn into the first lining in a similar manner, and this
second lining may be made to extend either throughout the length of the pipe a,
or throughout any desired portion thereof. Upon the completion of the described.
operation, the pipe. a, is suitably supported, for example, by means of supports
ask, Figure 9. The openings in the pipe a, are then sealed in known
manner, for example, by means of caps a¹. The lining is then subjected to
internal hydrostatic pressure, and we regard the pressure of steam and gases, as
embraced by the term hydrostatic. This result may be accomplished by forcing
water into the closed pipe a, through a pipe f, by means of a pump as 1. A
gauge as i, may be used in this connection for indicating the degree of pressure
employed. While the described pressure is being applied, heat is also applied
any

page_text: at a suitable point, for example, by means of a device indicated at . . Such
application of heat and pressure causes the lining n, to yield to the pressure first.
at a pre-determined point, as shown in Figure 15, and then from such point out-
ward toward the ends of the pipe a, so that air is expelled from between the pipe.
and its lining and a good fit is thus insured. The substance introduced to create..
pressure within the lining, as described, if heated. softens the lining and thus
cause it to yield more readily to the pressure so that it is forced thereby into..
intimate contact with the pipe. The described application of heat and pressure.
is adapted to both straight and curved pipes. In the. case of branched pipes,
such, for example, as are, shown in Figure 1, we carry the lining around the
union of the branches with the pipe as follows: Referring to Figure. 12 a branch
is indicated at a², and this branch is not closed during the application of heat
and pressure as described, so that the lining under these influences is, as it were,
blown outward past, through or around the union of the pipe and branch. This
is diagrammatically illustrated in Figure 12. The projection or pocket a³, thus
formed is opened and expanded so as to lie against the walls of the branch a³.
This is diagrammatically illustrated in Figure 13. If necessary, a short, length
of pipe as a, is used to line the rest of the branch and the part a', is burned to
the main lining, for example, as indicated at . No solder need be employed
and the burned joint can be conveniently made because branches are usually
quite short and it does not in any way detract from the practical continuity of
the lining. To carry the lining of the pipe past, through or around the unions
of the pipe with its branches is important for several reasons. It would be very
difficult to burn a joint on the line of union because of its peculiar shape and
because it is difficult to get access to it, and the lines of union are points most
exposed to corrosion and the like so that continuity of the lining at these points.
is advantageous. Moreover, relative difference of size in diameter is unim-
portant because that portion of the lining which is blown into the branch neces-
sarily adapts itself to the size thereof. From the foregoing description, it will.
be apparent how any irregular shape may be lined. For example, on Sheet 1,
we have indicated by lines a³, the location of the burned joints, and from their
location, it will be understood how the lining of the main pipe is blown into the
branches. If desired, the rope m, may be provided with a comparatively large
part as m, which in passing through the pipe tends to smooth the lining. The
completed lining may be smoothed, finished and polished by causing. suitable,
objects as metallic balls and the like to traverse the pipe.
It is well known to those skilled in the art to which our invention relates that
pipes are wrought into all kinds of shapes appropriate to the situation and purposes.
required and that such pipes are made of various kinds of metal and are used,
in the manufacture of chemicals and in kindred ways, but no matter of what
metal they are constructed and to what purpose applied and whenever the neces-
sity for the presence of a lining arises, for example, to prevent galvanic or
chemical action, use may be advantageously made of our invention and by our
invention a suitable thickness of lining may be applied and it is greatly needed.
in the case of bilge, suction, feed and other pipes used upon shipboard and sub-
jected to the action of sea and bilge waters. Pipes of our invention are even
throughout and do not vary in thickness. At the same time they are very strong..
at the base of branches because of the continuity of the lining at such points,
the two metals are as nearly homogeneous as possible and all indentations in
the interior walls of the pipe are filled with the lining, so that interior of the
pipe and its branches is smooth. Worn and leaky pipes may be repaired by
lining them in accordance with our invention and such lining materially in-
creases their strength and resistance to pressure from within. In new work,
comparatively thin sheets of copper can be lined so that a saving of copper,
which is an expensive metal, is effected whilst the requisite strength of the pipe
is insured by the presence of the lining.
From the foregoing, it is obvious that the application of heat and pressure
+

page_text: operates to soften and otherwise prepare the lining so that by the pressure it is
firmly attached to the pipe, caused to conform to its contour, and carried through,
round and past the unions of branches, when present. The expansion and con-
traction of the pipe itself also operates to insure a tight fit between the pipe and
lining.
It will be obvious to those skilled in the art to which our invention appertains
that modifications may be made in details without departing from the spirit
thereof, hence we do not limit ourselves to the precise construction and arrange-
ment of parts hereinabove set forth and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said in-
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. As an improved article of manufacture, a lined branch-pipe in which the
lining consists of a comparatively soft metal and extends through, around or
past the union of the pipe and its branch or branches, substantially as described.
2. The process of lining pipes and the like which consists in preparing a
comparatively soft metal lining by subjecting it to heat, and inserting or fitting
the prepared lining by the application of pressure, substantially as described.
3. The process of lining pipes which consists in inserting a tubular lining of
comparatively soft metal, applying heat to soften the lining at or near the center
of the pipe, and applying pressure within the lining to cause it to expand first
at or near the point so softened and subsequently outward toward the ends of the
pipe, substantially as described.
4. The process of lining pipes which consists in inserting a comparatively soft
metal lining, and subjecting the lining to the hydrostatic pressure of a heated
fluid, substantially as described.
5. The process of lining branch-pipes which consists in inserting a lining
of comparatively soft metal, subjecting such lining to heat and pressure from
within to form pockets that extend into the branches, and then opening and
expanding such pockets, substantially as described.
6. The process of lining curved pipes which consists in inserting a tubular
lining of comparatively soft metal through the end of the pipe, and applying
heat to soften the lining to facilitate its travel through the curved portions-of
the pipe, substantially as described:
7. Means for inserting linings into pipes comprising devices for supporting
the pipe, guides for the lining, a flexible connection adapted to penetrate the
pipe and lining, a windlass for the flexible connection, and a cap adapted to the
end of the lining and attached to the connection, substantially as described.
8. Means for lining pipes comprising a flexible connection having bodies
strung thereon and provided with a 'cap, and devices for drawing said connection
in the direction of its length, substantially as described.
9. Means for lining pipes comprising a cap adapted to engage the inside and
outside of one end of a tubular lining, and means for applying power to said cap,
substantially as described.
10. Means for lining pipes comprising devices for inserting a lining into a
pipe, means for stopping the openings in the pipe, and appliances for heating
and introducing hydrostatic pressure, substantially as described.
1-11
1
1000
CRUIKSHANK & FAIRWEATHER,
Chartered Patent Agents, 62, Saint Vincent Street, Glasgow,
Agents for the Applicants.