IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER ⚫ LOOMS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Minton Courtauld, of Braintree, in the County
of Essex, Manufacturer, for the Invention of. "IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER
⚫ LOOMS."
Sealed the 12th September 1862; and dated the 17th March: 1862:
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Minton Courtauld
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th March. 1862:
I, JOHN MINTON. COURTAULD, of Braintree, in the County of Essex,
Manufacturer,. do. hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN. POWER LOOMS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the introduction into the web or fabric in course
of manufacture of a slide,. lever, or other mechanical agent connected with the
gear by which the loom is thrown in and out of work, and made to, act when.
no shoot is laid-in, in such manner as to throw the loom out of work..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of tlie Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Minton Courtauld in, the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 17th September 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN:
MINTON COURTAULD,, of Braintree, in. the County of Essex, Manufacturer,.
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty.. Queen Victoria, by Her Letters.
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of March, in the year. of our

page_text: Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said John Minton Courtauld, Her special licence that I, the said
John Minton Courtauld, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said. John Minton Courtauld, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said John Minton Courtauld, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Minton Courtauld, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in the introduction into the web or fabric in course
of manufacture of a slide, lever, or other mechanical agent connected with the
gear by which the loom is thrown in and out of work, and made to act when
no shoot is laid in, in such manner as to throw the loom out of work.
The manner in which my Invention is performed will be well understood
by reference to the accompanying Drawings of the apparatus I have invented,
and prefer to employ for carrying my Invention into effect.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section, and Figure 2 an end view of the
apparatus; Figure 3 is a plan of the under side thereof. The same letters
refer, to similar parts in all the Figures.
a, a, is a flat plate or table smooth on both its upper and under surfaces;
b'is a plate secured at one end to the under side of the table by a nut and
screws c, c, in such manner as to give it a tendency to spring against the under
side of the table a. This springing action may be produced by making a
spring in the plate itself, or by the employment of a separate spring; d is a
projection on this plate, to which the outer end of a light spring e is secured;
fis a bolt formed with slots, to allow of its moving to and fro upon cross-
headed screws g, n, whereby it is connected to the under side of the plate b;

page_text: h is a stud on the back end of the bolt f, against which the free end of the
spring e exerts its pressure; i is a carrier or bar armed with pins kc, k, screwed.
to the outer end and upper surface of the bolt f; l is a hook fixed on the
under side of the bolt; m, m, are screws, which receive and act as stops to
the outer end of the plate 6 when it descends, as presently explained; n is a
drop lever, shown broken away at Figure 3, pivotted at one end on the
spindle o, held in the side frames of the apparatus, at its opposite end the
lever is armed with and terminates in a solid inclined-headed catch P, at
the rear of the catch there is a slot in the lever to give passage to the hook ?,
so that the lever may fall, as herein-after explained; 9, q, are flanges on the
side frames of the apparatus, by which it is fixed through screws r, r, to the
angle iron s forming part of the framing of the loom; t is the loom batten;
u is the reed attached to the batten; and v is a lever, having its centre of
vibration coincident with the centre of vibration of the batten.
.
The fabric as it is woven passes upon the table a in the direction from
A to B. In Figure 1 the reed is shewn close up to the woven quarter, the
weft pins are introduced into the web of the fabric, the last shoot or thread
laid in is on the outer side of them, and exerts sufficient pressure through
them on the bolt f to overcome that of the spring e, and consequently prevents
the bolt f being forced out when the reed recedes. As the batten recedes the
weighted end of the lever n drops, and becoming engaged in the hook l, it
pulls down the weft pins k, k, out of the fabric, and carries down with it the
bolt and the plate 6, until the sides of this plate come in contact with the
heads of the screws m, m, when further descent is prevented. In this position
these parts remain until the batten comes up again. On its return the batten
coming in contact with the inclined face of the catch raises the drop lever, and
allows of the springing up of the bolt f and plate b, and introduces the weft
pins k, k, again in the web of the fabric just before the reed has brought up
the next shoot. When the shoot is not laid in from a thread having become
broken, or from the shuttle having given out all its thread, there being no
pressure on the pins k, k, to overcome the power of the spring e, the bolt is
forced outwards sufficiently far to prevent the hook / becoming engaged with
the drop lever n, which then becoming entirely free at its weighted end falls
low enough to catch on to the top of the lever v, which lever always vibrates
with the battens, unless held by the catch on the drop lever, as just explained.
Any suitable appliances, such as levers, cranks, pulleys, or otherwise may be
connected with the lever v, in such manner that the loom would be thrown
out of gear with the motive power upon the said lever v being arrested, but
the arrangement I adopt for the purpose is shewn at Figures 4 and 5, in

page_text: which t is the loom batten, is the lever on which the drop lever n hooks
when no shoot is laid in; this lever is attached to the batten bar by a pivot
joint at 4, just at the centre of vibration of the said batten bar... I' is a pulley
and frame attached to the loom batten; 2 is another pulley and frame attached'
to the batten bar; 3 is a stationary pulley and frame attached to the back
framing of the loom; 5 is a sliding bar flattened and slotted at its upper end,'
as shewn in Figure 5. This bar slides through fixed guides near each end.
6 is a coiled spring of steel wire, its upper end is attached to the top guide of
bar 5, and its lower end to the bar itself; 7 is a sliding bolt, one end of which
passes through an eye, and is furnished with a pin which projects through the
bent slot in, the top of bar 5, the other end is supported by and passes through
the end framing of the loom; 8 is part of the back framing of the loom,
having projections, which form the guides for the bar 5 and the bolt 7, and also
the support for pulley 3; 9 is a gut line, attached at one end to the lever v, and
at the other end to the lower end of the.bar 5, this line passes over the pulleys
1, 2, and 3, as shewn. When the lever vis prevented by the drop lever n
from going back with the batten t, the slide bar 5 is pulled down by the gut
line 9, and by means of the bent slot in the upper end of this bar the bolt 7.
is pushed forward, and acting on the usual band fork passes the driving band
from the fast on to the loose pulley, and throws the loom out of work.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as my "Improve-
ments in Powor Looms,"
First, the introduction into the fabric in course of manufacture in such
looms of pins, which, upon the breaking or failure of a thread act in such
manner as to throw the loom out of gear with the driving power, and thereby
stop its working.
Second, the particular construction and ärrangement of the apparatus
herein-before described and represented in the accompanying Drawings,
acting in manner and for the purpose described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Minton Courtauld, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of September, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-two.
ย
JOHN M. COURTAULD. (L.S.)