Improvements in Compounds to be used in Vulcanizing Rubber and other Substances or Compounds.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Oct., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 25th July, 1891-Accepted, 3rd Oct., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Compounds to be used in Vulcanizing Rubber and
other Substances or Compounds.
I, CHARLES ALBERT FAWSITT, of the Atlas Chemical Works, East Nelson
Street, Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Technical Chemist, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows, that is to say :-
My said invention has for its object to obtain improved results in the process of
vulcanizing rubber and other substances or compounds; and it consists in using in
the process sulphur compounded with a salt or compound containing iodine, bromine,
or chlorine, and a suitable metal or base, or with a mixture of two or more of such
salts or compounds.
I find an iodide or bromide of antimony to answer the purpose well; and in
carrying out my invention with such salt, I intimately mix it with a suitable
proportion of sulphur, and I incorporate the compound thus formed, in the ordinary
way, with the rubber, or substance, or compound to be vulcanized; and I complete
the vulcanizing or curing with the aid of heat in the manner usually practised. I
find it of advantage in some cases to mix with the compound a little aniline or other
suitable organic alkaloid or base.
To obtain results which are at least equal to those ordinarily obtained with
sulphur, a considerably smaller weight of my improved compound may be used than
the weight of sulphur heretofore employed. Dry heat may be used in the curing
or vulcanizing operation; and when desired as for example for waterproofing woven
fabrics, the rubber compound may be made so as to be more or less transparent and
so that it will not greatly obscure the texture or colour of the fabric.
Dated this Twenty-seventh day of October 1890.
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicant's Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Compounds to be used in Vulcanizing Rubber and
other Substances or Compounds.
I, CHARLES ALBERT FAWSITT, of the Atlas Chemical Works, East Nelson
Street, Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Technical Chemist, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say :-
My said invention has for its object to obtain improved results in the process of
vulcanizing rubber and other substances or compounds; and it consists, in using in
the process sulphur together with a salt or compound containing iodine, or bromine,
and a suitable metal or base, or with a mixture of two or more of such salts or
compounds.
I find an iodide of antimony or of tin to answer the purpose well; and in
carrying out my invention with such salt or compound I intimately mix it with a
suitable proportion of sulphur, and I incorporate the compound thus formed, in the
ordinary way with the rubber, or substance, or compound to be vulcanized, the
said rubber, substance, or compound being otherwise in the condition to which
it is usually brought for vulcanization, but not in solution; and I complete the
vulcanizing or curing with the aid of heat in the manner usually practised."
The process known as "dry heat" vulcanization, or that known as
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open steam
3:
1
steam " or
vulcanization (that is with steam in contact with the goods or with

page_text: the goods partially protected) may be employed with my improved compounds
according to the special requirements or circumstances in the various cases.
When desired as for example for waterproofing, woven fabrics, the rubber
compound may be made so as to be more or less transparent and so that it will not
greatlyjobscuretlic texture or colour of the fabric..
When using an iodide of antimony or of tin as hereinbefore described, if for every
100 pounds of rubber of good quality two to four pounds of the salt or compoune.
and two to four pounds of sulphur are--employed a compound having considerably
transparency will be formed.
The proportions of the ingredients will have to be varied in practice according to
the quality or nature of the rubber or other substance or compound, according to
the degree of vulcanization desired, and according to the particular ingredients
employed. A vulcanizing temperature of about 240 degrees Fahrenheit, and the
application of such temperature during from half an hour to two hours, are suitable
for compounds such as the example hereinbefore described but a higher temperature
or longer duration will probably be found necessary when. some ingredients are
used. On the other hand a temperature of 200 degrees Fahrenheit may be.
sufficient in some cases.
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f
.
The iodine compounds which I believe will be found most suitable for the
purposes of my invention are the iodides of antimony, tin, mercury, zinc, lead, and
bismuth; other iodine compounds will however also answer the purpose although..
not so satisfactorily because of their cost or on other accounts.
Similar bromine compounds may be used, but are by preference to be employed'
in combination or admixture with iodine compounds.
I find it of advantage in some cases to mix with the other ingredients. a little
aniline or other suitable alkaloid, or organic base, or suitable compound thereof.
Instead of the sulphur any suitable sulphur compound may be used such as: a
sulphide, thiosulphate, thiocarbonate, or organic sulphide.
When my improved compounds are used there may be also mixed with the
rubber such ingredients as are ordinarily employed as pigments or for forming low-
priced rubber goods.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.
1. In vulcanizing rubber and other substances or compounds the using of sulphur
together with a salt or compound containing iodine or bromine, and a suitable metal
or base, or with a mixture of two or more of such salts or compounds, substantially
as herein before described.
2. In vulcanizing rubber the obtaining of considerable transparency by means, of
compounds substantially such as are hereinbefore described.
3. In vulcanizing rubber and other substances or compounds the using.of. aniline.
or other suitable organic alkaloid or base, substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated this Twenty-fourth day of July 1891.
EDMUND HUNT;.
Applicant's Agent.