IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OR TREATMENT OF PAPER OR FABRICS TO PREVENT COPIES OR IMPRESSIONS BEING TAKEN OF ANY WRITING OR PRINTING THEREON
Year: 1851

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, HENRY
GLYNN, of Bruton Street, Berkeley Square, Gentleman, and RUDOLPH APPEL,
of Gerrard Street, Soho, Anastatic Printer, both in the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fourteenth day of
August, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, in the fifteenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Henry Glynn and Rudolph Appel, our exors, adññors, and assigns,
Her cspecial license, full power, sole privilege and authority, that we, the
said Henry Glynn and Rudolph Appel, our exors, adiñors, and assigns, or
such others as we, the said Henry Glynn and Rudolph Appel, our exors,
adiiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OR TREATMENT OF PAPER OR FABRICS TO PREVENT COPIES OR IMPRESSIONS
BEING TAKEN OF ANY WRITING OR PRINTING THEREON;" in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso that we, the said Henry Glynn and Rudolph
Appel, or one of us, shall cause a particular description of the nature of our
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an
instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and
scal of one of us, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being there-
into had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Henry Glynn and Rudolph Appel, do hereby declare that the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, are fully described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
It is well known that by means of recent discoveries a fac-simile of any
original printed document, however elaborately engraved or designed, can be
produced, even to the most minute private mark, in a very short time from the
paper impression itself, and any person moderately acquainted with lithographic
or zincographic print'ng can, without difficulty, obtain what number of exact
copies of an original he pleases, without the aid of an artist or engraver.
Every description of printed document, paper money, or security for money,
issued to the public on any kind of written or printed paper hitherto known, is
consequently liable to be reproduced with the greatest facility.
Now our Invention consists in so manufacturing or treating paper as to
prevent a transfer or reproduction of any document, bank note, bond, bill of
exchange, cheque, engraving, writing, lithograph, or other document or print,
being made by a transferring process, and thus we give protection to the
property of bankers and others. For this purpose we cause paper or fabric to
be used for such purposes to be combined or impregnated with materials which
shall prevent a transfer being made; and the principle on which we act is this,
that the materials with which the paper or fabric is combined or impregnated
shall either be acted on chemically by the surface or materials used to produce
a transfer, or shall impart to the paper or fabric such a protective quality as
shall prevent a successful transfer, and we believe the following to be the best
means of carrying out our Invention:-We take a solution of a salt of copper,
(we prefer nitrate or sulphate,) which is to be mixed with the pulp of which
paper is to be made; an alkali or an alkaline salt is then applied in order to
produce a cupreous precipitate (either hydrated oxide of copper or a salt of
copper) insoluble in water, (we prefer phosphate of soda,) until reddened
litmus paper turns blue; one ounce of nitrate of copper or its equivalent of
sulphate of copper is sufficient to saturate for the purpose of our Invention
two gallons of pulp, and less may be used if the colour is found objectionable.
The pulp is then to be carefully washed with water. We mix with an alkali as
much fixed oil (not a drying oil) as the alkali will convert into soap, and treat
it till thoroughly melted, and, while in a state of ebullition, we add old palm oil,
and heat till thoroughly incorporated; or we use a mixture of equal parts of
white soft soap and old palm oil. We prefer this latter process. We dissolve
the same in boiling water, using half a pound of the soap to one gallon of
water, and into the saponacious solution we dip the paper impregnated with
copper in the pulp as before-mentioned. The paper is then to be sized in the

page_text: ordinary manner, or the size without alum may be mixed with the soap solution
prior to the paper which has been made from the pulp impregnated with
copper being immersed in it; or the soap solution may be combined with the
pulp when the same has been impregnated with copper as above mentioned,
care being taken to get rid of the acid, if any. When the destruction of the
original document is not desired, and when it is only sought to prevent a
transfer being taken, the soap solution may be used alone without the copper
herein-before described, that is to say, it may be mixed with the pulp of which
paper is to be made, or unsized paper may be dipped in it and afterwards sized,
or it may be mixed in the sise without alum. For the purpose of treating
paper or fabric so as to prevent a transfer being being taken, we soak or
otherwise impregnate it with a saturated solution of sulphate of copper or its
equivalent of nitrate or other soluble salt of copper.
When dry, the paper or
fabric must be dipped in a solution of alkali or alkaline salt (we prefer
phosphate of soda) sufficiently strong to convert the soluble salt of copper into
an insoluble one. The paper or fabric must then be carefully washed in
water, dryed, and then dipped in the soap solution, as herein-before described.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, we would have it understood that we do not confine
ourselves to the salts of copper herein specified, as others having a similar
effect may be used, but we believe with not so good a result, such as salts of
lead or of other metals, and which chemists well know to be capable of
effecting the object herein described, that is, such as will be acted on
chemically by the surface or materials employed to produce a transferred
impression from a document.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Glynn, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fourteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord One