IMPROVEMENTS IN BELLOWS APPLICABLE ESPECIALLY TO PORTABLE AND OTHER FORGES
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert James Moser, of the Firm of Moser
and Sons, of No. 165, High Street, Southwark, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BELLOWS APPLICABLE ESPECIALLY TO PORTABLE AND
OTHER FORGES." -A communication from abroad by Messrs. John
and Walter Bowden, residing at Brooklyn, New York, United States
of America.
Sealed the 15th May 1868, and dated the 28th January 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert James Moser
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 28th January 1868.
I, ROBERT JAMES MOSER, of the Firm of Moser and Sons, of No. 165,
High Street, Southwark, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BELLOWS APPLICABLE ESPECIALLY TO PORTABLE
AND OTHER FORGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in bellows applicable
especially to portable and other forges. The outlet passage from the
bellows by which the air passes to the tuyere of the forge is supplied
from an air reservoir consisting of a box or case of wood or other

page_text: material, the top or cover of which is loosely connected with the sides
all round by means of leather in such manner that the top or cover
can rise and fall at the same time it closes the box or case air-tight;
it floats upon the air in the reservoir and is weighted or pressed upon
by springs more or less according to the pressure of blast required.
Over the moveable or floating top or cover is another fixed top or
cover, and between the two openings are made in the sides of the box
or case for the free admission of air. The air reservoir takes its supply
from two bellows-like feeders, the one over & the other underneath
the box or case in which the air reservoir is formed. The lower
feeder consists of a board connected by means of leather with the
bottom of the air reservoir; this board has a hole in it fitted with an
inlet valve or flap, and there is a similar hole in the bottom of the
air reservoir fitted with a valve or flap opening out of the feeder and
into the air reservoir. The board forming the bottom of the feeder is
worked up and down by a hand lever or otherwise as is usual with
forge bellows. Thus the feeder forms a chamber which is dilated and
collapsed as its bottom board is worked up and down. At the first
motion the external air enters the feeder, and at the second it is forced
out of the feeder into the air reservoir. The top feeder is similarly con-
structed. Its upper board is connected by leather to the fixed top or
cover of the box or case in which the air reservoir is formed, and it
is connected with the bottom board of the lower feeder so as to move
with it. The air enters the upper feeder through a passage fitted with
a valve or flap in the fixed top or cover of the box or case, which
also forms the bottom of this feeder. There is no valve in the moveable
board of the upper feeder, but a passage is formed from this feeder
into the box or case in which the air reservoir is formed, and a hole
fitted with a valve or flap opens out of this passage into the air
reservoir.
The form of the air reservoir and of the feeders may be varied, but
in portable forges it is convenient to make them circular.
A valve is provided between the air reservoir and the tuyere to prevent
gases from the fire passing back into the air reservoir.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert James Moser in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 28th July 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
JAMES MOSER, of the Firm of Moser and Sons, of No. 165, High Street,
Southwark, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Robert James Moser, Her special
licence that I, the said Robert James Moser, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Robert James Moser,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BELLOWS APPLICABLE ESPECIALLY TO PORTABLE AND OTHER
FORGES," a communication to me from abroad by Messrs. John and
Walter Bowden, residing at Brooklyn, New York, United States of
America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Robert
James Moser, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert James Moser, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in bellows applicable
especially to portable and other forges. The outlet passage from the
bellows by which the air passes to the tuyere of the forge is supplied
from an air reservoir, consisting of a box or case of wood or other
material, the top or cover of which is loosely connected with the sides

page_text: all round by means of leather in such manner that the top or cover
can rise and fall, but at the same time it closes the box or case air-tight;
it floats upon the air in the reservoir, and is weighted or pressed upon
by springs more or less according to the pressure of blast required.
Over the moveable or floating top or cover is another fixed top or
cover, and between the two openings are made in the sides of the
box or case for the free admission of air. The air reservoir takes its
supply from two bellows-like feeders, the one over and the other
underneath the box or case in which the air reservoir is formed. The
lower feeder consists of a board connected by means of leather with
the bottom of the air reservoir; this board has a hole in it fitted with
an inlet valve or flap, and there is a similar hole in the bottom of the
air reservoir fitted with a valve or flap opening out of the feeder and
into the air reservoir. The board forming the bottom of the feeder is
worked up and down by a hand lever or otherwise, as is usual with
forge bellows. Thus the feeder forms a chamber which is dilated and
collapsed as its bottom board is worked up and down; at the first
motion the external air enters the feeder, and at the second it is forced
out of the feeder into the air reservoir. The top feeder is similarly
constructed; its upper board is connected by leather to the fixed top
or cover of the box or case in which the air reservoir is formed, and
it is connected with the bottom board of the lower feeder so as to move
with it. The air enters the upper feeder through a passage fitted with
a valve or flap in the fixed top or cover of the box or case, which also
forms the bottom of this feeder. A passage is formed from this feeder
into the box or case in which the air reservoir is formed and a hole
fitted with a valve or flap opens out of this passage into the air reservoir.
The form of the air reservoir and of the feeders may be varied, but
in portable forges it is convenient to make them circular,
A valve is provided between the air reservoir and the tuyere to
prevent gases from the fire passing back into the air reservoir.
The Drawing hereunto annexed shows a vertical longitudinal section
of a bellows constructed as above described.
A is the box or case forming the air reservoir, and a is the weighted
moveable lid which floats upon the air in this reservoir, the lid a
being loosely connected all round to the sides of the box by leather,
as shown; n is the fixed top or cover of the case or box A; and
f* is a slot formed on each side at the top of the case or box to admit

page_text: air into the box above its moveable or floating top. B is the bellows-
like feeder at the top of the box, and C the feeder at the bottom of
the box. The feeder C is composed of a board a* connected as shown
by leather to the bottom of the case A, and having formed through it
a hole b* fitted with an inlet valve c*. Through the bottom of the
box or case A is a similar hole k fitted with a valve m.
The upper
feeder B is composed of a board u similarly connected by leather to
the fixed top or cover n of the case A; and through this top is formed
a hole fitted with a valve 8, and through this hole air is admitted
to the upper feeder.
The boards a* and u of the top and bottom
feeders are at their rear ends connected by a rod d*, so that they shall
both rise and fall together. At the rear end of the case A is a passage g
leading from the upper feeder; a hole h fitted with a valve i opens
out of this case into the air reservoir. At the front end of the case A
is a valve chamber c which communicates with the air reservoir by
an opening a fitted with a valve e; this valve prevents any in-current
being drawn back through the nozzle or tuyere f. To work the bellows
the bottom board a* of the feeder C is worked up and down; this
is conveniently effected by a hand lever coupled to it by means of a
connecting rod, as is usual for working hand bellows of the ordinary
construction. When the boards a* and u of the two feeders are raised
the air in the lower feeder C is forced through the opening k into
the air reservoir A, whilst at the same time the upper feeder is filling
with air through the opening r. When the boards a* and u descend
(which they do by their own weight or by weights attached to them)
air is forced from the feeder into the air reservoir through the passage g
and opening h, so that air is at all times being forced into the air
reservoir, and as the cover a of this reservoir always presses with
an even pressure upon the air contained therein a uniform and
continuous jet or blast will be projected through the buyere or nozzle f.
As before stated the bellows in place of being made of the form shown
in the Drawing might be made of a circular or other form.
Having thus described the nature of the Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, I would have it understood that what I claim
is,―
First. The combined arrangement herein described of air reservoir A
with forcing chambers B and C and valves c., 8, i, m, and e.

page_text: Second. The arrangement of the side openings f* between the fixed
and yielding covers of the air chamber A for admission of air to the
forcing chamber B through valve 8, substantially as shown and
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert James Moser, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of July,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
eight.