Improvements in Outlets for Ventilators and Smoke and other Flues.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 12th June, 1886.
Complete Left, 11th Mar., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 15th Apr., 1887.
Improvements in Outlets for Ventilators and Smoke and
other Flues.
We THOMAS GUEST NORMANTON of Central Chambers, No. 1 Paxton Street Barrow
in Furness, in the County of Lancaster Architect and Surveyor and SEYMOUR EDWARD
MAJOR of 5 Lawson Street Barrow in Furness aforesaid Gentleman do hereby declare
the nature of our invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN OUTLETS FOR VENTILATORS AND
SMOKE AND OTHER FLUES to be as follows :—
1. Our Invention consists of an air chamber or pipe, fixed at the outlet of the
ventilating pipe of the room, sewer, drain or air space to be ventilated, or to the
smoke pipe or flue of a chimney.
2. This air chamber or pipe may be square, polygonal, cylindrical, spherical,
conical, or of such other shape, as circumstances may require or admit of and may be
constructed of terra-cotta, or other earthenware or plastic material or of metal, or
metallic alloy, or any other suitable material or any combination of the above or any
of them.
3. Upon the external sides and top of this air chamber or pipe or some or one of
them, as the case may require, are punched, moulded or otherwise formed or constructed
a series of hollow projections, narrowing outwards which may be wedge shaped, or in
the form of a cone or pyramid.
4. In the apex of each of these projections, is pierced or otherwise made a hole, or
in the case of a wedge shaped projection a slit.
5. When the air chamber is made of terra-cotta, or other earthenware or plastic
materials, or of cast metal, the projections may be moulded thereon, but when made
of tinned plate, galvanized iron, brass, copper, or other malleable metal or metallic
alloy, we prefer to form the projections by stamping, pressing, punching, or any other
methods usually adopted for embossing or forming metal work in relief. By using a
dull punch the conical burr formed by making the hole will answer the purpose, though
not so perfectly as when the cone is properly formed and in high relief.
6. When wind impinges upon the exterior of an air chamber constructed as
before described, a partial vacuum in the chamber or pipe is produced and a strong

page_text: upcast is created in the flue or outlet pipe connected therewith and down draught is
prevented.
7. The intensity of the exhausting action may be considerably increased by placing
over the outlet of the projections a shield or plate fixed at such a distance therefrom,
and so constructed as to cause or allow the wind to pass over the orifices of and
between the projections, without blowing directly into the orifices.
8. We prefer that the combined area of the orifices above described should equal
the area of a section of the outlet pipe to which the air chamber is attached.
9. For a smoke flue a chimney top made on the above principles may have a cover
with or without projections as above described, and such cover, may either be fixed, or
arranged to lift when the flue is being cleaned and to fall back into its place either by
the use of guides or other means.
10. Where it is desirable for architectural effect to conceal the outlet ventilator the
air chamber before mentioned may be arranged for in the construction of the roof
without any unsightliness.
11. Where it is desirable to construct the outlet of a ventilator in an external wall,
it may be constructed with a frame built in the wall, having a front with projections
as before described and a shield in the front of same as provided in clause 7. hereof.
We find it preferable in this case to have the front in the form of a flattened cone or
pyramid with projections on the exterior as before mentioned with the shield to
correspond in form, with suitable air openings.
12. The above invention is applicable to the ventilation of public buildings, rooms
and apartinents of dwelling houses, cabins, engine rooms holds and stoke holes of
ships, railway and other carriages, smoke and other flues, ship's, carriage and other
lamps and lanterns, sowers and drains, and all other enclosed air spaces requiring to
be ventilated.
D1
111 1
T
1000

page_text: We THOMAS GUEST NORMANTON of Central Chambers No. 1 Paxton Street Barrow
in Furness in the County of Lancaster Architect and Surveyor and SEYMOUR EDWARD
MAJOR of 5 Lawson Street Barrow-in-Furness aforesaid Gentleman do hereby declare
the nature of our invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN OUTLETS FOR VENTILATORS AND
SMOKE AND OTHER FLUES and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:―
1. Our Invention consists of an air chamber or pipe fixed at the outlet of the
ventilating pipe of the room, sewer drain or air space to be ventilated or to the smoke
pipe or flue of a chimney.
2. This air chamber or pipe may be square polygonal cylindrical spherical conical
or of such other shape as circumstances may require or admit of and may be
constructed of terra cotta or other earthenware or plastic material or of metal or
metallic alloy or any other suitable material or any combination of the above or any
of them.
3. Upon the external sides and top of the air chamber or pipe or some or one of
them as the case may require are punched moulded or otherwise formed or constructed
a series of hollow projections narrowing outwards which may be wedge shaped, or in
the form of a cone or pyramid.
4. In the apex of each of these projections is pierced or otherwise made a hole or
in the case of a wedge shaped projection a slit.
5. When the air-chamber is made of terra-cotta or other earthenware or plastic
materials, or of cast metal, the projections may be moulded thereon but when made of
tinned plate, galvanised iron, brass, copper or other malleable metal or metallic alloy,
we prefer to form the projections by stamping, pressing, punching or any other
methods usually adopted for embossing or forming metal work in relief. By using a
dull punch, the conical burr, formed by making the hole will answer the purpose
though not so perfectly as when the cone is properly formed and in high relief.
When wind impinges upon the exterior of an air chamber constructed as before
described a partial vacuum in the chamber or pipe is produced and a strong up cast
is created in the flue or outlet pipe connected therewith and down draught is
prevented.
7. The intensity of the exhausting action may be considerably increased by placing
over the outlet of the projections a shield or plate fixed at such a distance therefrom
and so constructed as to cause or allow the wind to pass over the orifices of and
between the projections without blowing directly into the orifices.
8. The intensity of the exhausting action of the ventilator being increased in
proportion to the velocity of the air impinging upon the ventilator artificial currents
may be induced for this purpose where necessary by mechanical or other means such

page_text: as by blowing upon the ventilator with a fan or steam jet or by making the ventilator
itself revolve either on its own axis or radially.
9. We prefer that the combined area of the orifices above described should equal
the area of a section of the out-let pipe to which the air chamber is attached.
10. A smoke flue or chimney top made on the above principles may have a cover
with or without projections as above described and such cover may either be fixed or
arranged to lift when the flue is being cleaned and to fall back into its place either by
the use of guides or other means.
11. Where it is desirable for architectural effect to conceal the outlet ventilator the
air chamber before mentioned may be arranged for in the construction of the roof
without any unsightliness.
12. Where it is desirable to construct the outlet of a ventilator in an external wall
it may be constructed with a frame built in the wall having a front with projections
as before described and a shield in the front of same as provided in clause 7 hereof.
We find it preferable in this case to have the front in the form of a flattened cone or
pyramid with projections on the exterior as before mentioned with the shield to
correspond in form, with suitable air openings.
13. The above invention is applicable to the ventilation of public buildings rooms
and apartments of dwelling houses cabins engine rooms holds and stoke holes of ships
railway and other carriages smoke and other flues, ships', carriage and other lamps
and lanterns sewers and drains and all other enclosed air spaces requiring to be
ventilated.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figures 1 and 2 are a plan half elevation and half section of a roof ventilator
shewing the method of fixing to a roof where the ventilator is desired to be of
cylindrical form. The section shews the outlet pipe "a" standing up a little way within
the head of the ventilator so as to permit any moisture accumulating on the inside of
the ventilator to escape at the bottom holes "b" without going down the pipe "a"
and where necessary the pipe may be carried up above the highest ring of holes so
as to prevent any water either washing or blowing down the pipe "a" as shewn in the
half elevation half section.
Figure 3 which form is specially adaptable for ships or other exposed situations.
When the pipe is thus carried up near the top the annular space between the pipe
and the outer casing "c" as also the space between the edge of the pipe and the
dome must be at least equal to the area of the pipe "a."
Figure 4 is a section and figure 5 an elevation shewing the size of the cones
which we find most convenient for ordinary ventilators but the size of the cones may
be varied according to circumstances as also may be the angle of the sides of the
cones but we find an angle of 45 degrees give the best results under ordinary
circumstances.
Figure 6 is an elevation and figure 7 a section shewing the method of applying our
ventilators to the ridge of a roof. The perforated plate is shewn in each figure and
marked with the letter "a." The roof "6" is fixed above the plate "a" so as to
serve as a covering and wind guard to the plate and at the same time to induce the
air currents to pass over the perforations in a manner calculated to produce the best
effects. The holes marked " c. c. c" Figure 7 are openings in the ends to allow of the
admission or escape of wind as the case may be so that from whatever direction the
wind may be blowing it is bound to pass over the perforations.
Figure 8 shows the ventilator in its simplest form as adaptable for soil pipe
sewer ventilation.
or
Figure 9 is a section through the external wall of a building shewing how our
exhaust air bricks are fixed. The upper portion of the drawing shews the
ventilator "D" as affixed to a tube "E" leading from the ceiling outlet of a room
between the floor-board "b" and the plaster ceiling "c" the letter "a" showing the
joist. The ventilator "D" has a perforated front with wind-guard "F." fixed in

page_text: front of same. The lower portion of the drawing shows another form of air brick
where the outlet is through the outer wall near the ceiling of the room instead of
through the ceiling. In this case we put a perforated plate on the inside as well as
the outside and use a guard plate or not as occasion may require.
Figures 10 and 11 are section and elevation showing the application of our
ventilator to the top of a hat Figures 12 and 13 being plan and section of same
drawn to a large scale. This ventilator is applicable for all kinds and shapes of
hats and helmets and for helmets may be arranged in the form of a spike or other
ornament.
Figure 14 shows how a cylindrical ventilator may be arranged to revolve on its
own axis so as to create an artificial draught on the cones irrespective of the wind
thus producing a powerful up draught. This effect may be produced in a variety of
other ways such as causing a series of ventilators to be fixed radially on a revolving
cylinder or other pipe or boss.
In figure 14 "A" is a pulley and strap for driving the cylinder, "B" is a water
seal making the joint between the outlet pipe and the revolving ventilator. The
dotted line shews a bend to enable the exhaust pipe to be carried horizontally or
obliquely if required.
We find it preferable in a revolving cylinder to fix plates or guards near the cones
so as to prevent a centripetal movement of the wind.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we claim is
1. An improved form of outlet for ventilators and smoke and other flues the
novelty of which consists in the arrangement upon the surface of a plate cylinder or
other form of air chamber fixed to the outlet pipe from the room or space requiring
ventilation, of a series of hollow projections narrowing outwards in the form of cones
pyramids or wedges. These hollow projections are punched moulded or otherwise placed
on the external surface of the air chamber and are perforated at the apex with a hole
in the case of cones and pyramids and with a slit in the case of wedge shaped protections.
The wind inpinging on these hollow projections causes a partial vacuum in the air
chamber and thus a strong up cast.
2. The application of such hollow projections for the purpose of an exhaust
Ventilator as applied to any form of air chamber of whatever shape or description
and with or without wind guards.
3. The construction of such air chamber and hollow projections as above mentioned
made in any metal glass earthenware plaster or any other suitable material or any
combination thereof.
4. The use of such air chamber and hollow projections for the purpose of an exhaust
ventilator whether acted upon by natural or induced air currents or by the air
chamber itself being made to revolve.
5. We do not claim that there is anything new in the use of cones or wedge shaped
slits for the purposes of ventilation nor in the pipes or air ducts in connection there-
with nor in the mechanical means used for making the air chamber revolve or for
inducing air currents but what we do claim is the arrangement and construction of
the hollow projections as shewn in the drawings and described in the specification and
all necessary modifications of the same to suit varying circumstances.
Dated this Tenth day of March 1887.