IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING BAGS, SACKS, AND OTHER TUBULAR AND DOUBLE FABRICS, ALSO SINGLE FABRICS, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR.
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Laird, the younger, of the Firm of William
་
Laird and Company, Manufacturers, and William Rutherford,
Manager to the said Firm, both of the Town and County of Forfar,
North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING BAGS,
SACKS, AND OTHER TUBULAR AND DOUBLE FABRICS, ALSO SINGLE FABRICS, AND
IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR.
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Laird and
William Rutherford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 23rd February 1874.
We, JOHN. LAIRD, the younger, of the Firm of William Laird and
Company, Manufacturers, and WILLIAM RUTHERFORD, Manager to
the said Firm, both of the Town and County of Forfar, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WEAVING BAGS, SACKS, AND OTHER TUBULAR AND DOUBLE FABRICS, ALSO SINGLE

page_text: FABRICS, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to
say:―
This Invention, which relates to improvements in weaving, is
applicable to the manufacture of bags, sacks, and tubular or double
textile fabrics, also single fabrics of plain or figured cloth.
"
The Invention consists in a novel arrangement of the "dobbio
machine. The barrel of the "dobbie" machine is perforated to corre-
spond with the requirements of the articles to be woven, or a set of
.pegged or perforated cards may be applied to the barrel, the pegs or
perforations being in such position to effect the necessary shedding
operations of the "leaves of the camb," or "heddles," or "healds."
Duplex needles and duplex lifting bars, also a double set of pulleys,
are employed in the improved "dobbie" machines, so that a constant
positive pull is maintained on the "leaves of the camb," or "heddles,"
or "healds."
When using this Invention for weaving double or duplex fabrics one
warp yarn beam and one shuttle, and the ordinary built "camb,”
"heddles," or "healds" with shafts are employed, thus dispensing with
treadles, wipers, or jacquard harness.
In the process or operation of weaving duplex or tubular fabrics,
though only one warp is used, two or more independent sheds are
formed one above the other, thius making the cloth double or more than
double as required, and uniting it at one or both selvedges as may be
desire; when united at one selvedge only this forms the bottom of
the bag, and the sides of the bag are united by interweaving the whole
of the warp yarns at intervals corresponding to the width of the bags
into strong single cloth; the open selvedges thus constitute the mouth
of the bags.
When the selvedges are united so as to form the sido edges of the
bags the whole of the warp yarns are interwoven at suitable intervals
apart, corresponding to the length of the bag, into strong single cloth
sufficient to form a bottom to each bag.
Two or more bags may be woven in the width of the loom.
Besides being applicable for weaving duplex or tubular fabrics as
herein-before described the improved mechanism is also applicable for
weaving ordinary single cloth, either plain or figured.

page_text: า
SPECIFICATION. in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Laird and William Rutherford in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 20th August 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
5 LAIRD, the younger, of the Firm of William Laird and Company,
Manufacturers, and WILLIAM RUTHERFORD, Manager to the said Firm,
both of the Town and County of Forfar, North Britain, send greeting.,
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of February, in tho
O year of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-four, in
the 37th year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said John Laird and William Rutherford,
(Her special license that we, the said John Laird and William
Rutherford, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as we, the said John Laird and William Rutherford, our executors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING.
BAGS, SACKS, AND OTHER TUBULAR AND DOUBLE FABRICS, ALSO SINGLE FABRICS,..
AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," upon the condition (amongst
(others) that we, the said John Laird and William Rutherford, by
an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, should par-.
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
६
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Laird and William
Rutherford, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference

page_text: (
Our said Invention, which relates to improvements in weaving, is
applicable to the manufacture of bags, sacks, and tubular or double
textile fabrics; also single fabrics of plain or figured cloth.
The Invention consists, firstly, in the use or application for weaving
single fabrics of plain or figured cloth with the improved "dobbie"
mechanism, for which Letters Patent have been already granted to us,
No. 3508, A.D. 1873; and secondly, to the adaptation to the improved
"dobbic" mechanism of a barrel, each face of which is constructed with
three rows of pegs or perforations, or on which barrel cards, cach having
three rows of pegs or perforations, are carried, as and for the purposes
¨herein-after set forth.
And in order that our said Invention may be properly understood, we
now proceed more particularly to set forth the system, mode, or manner
in or under which the same is or may be used or practically carried into
-effect, reference being had to the annexed Sheet of Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
Figure 1 is a front elevation of a portion of a loom to which the
¸ improved “dobbie" mechanism is shewn applied; Figure 2 is a plan of
the same; Figure 3 is a side clevation at right angles to Figure 1, whilst
Figure 4 is a horizontal section of the "dobbie" mechanism at the
line a, b, Figures 1 and 3.
i As the apparatus constituting this Invention and illustrated in con-
junction with a portion of a loom on Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings has been already particularly described
“and ascertained in the Specification and Drawings filed under our former
Letters Patent, No. 3508, A.D. 1873, it will be unnecessary here to
-repeat these references, but for the better comprehension of the following
-description of Figure 5 of the Drawings it is to be understood that the
horizontal needles o, Figures 2, 3, and 4, are movable in a vertical plane
at the extremities supported by the bar M, so that they may be shifted
opposite either set of pegs or perforations in the card barrel a or in the
` cards or chain of cards carried thereon.
It will be obvious to the practical weaver from the Specification filed
under our former Letters Patent herein-before referred to that the
improved "dobbie" mechanism is also applicable to the weaving of single
cloth, whether plain or figured.

page_text: It is desirable in weaving operations that the weaver may inspect the
warp in order to ascertain that it is working entire, that is to say, that
none of the warp threads are broken, but when weaving double cloth
with the improved "dobbie" machine described in our Specification,
No. 3508, A.D. 1873, it is difficult to inspect at all times the condition
of the lower portion of the warp. To meet this difficulty we under this
present Invention alternate the position of the two halves of the warp,
that is to say, that half of the warp which produced the lower web in
-one weaving operation is, after the solid crossing or interweaving is
effected, brought uppermost so as to constitute the upper portion of the
web at the next weaving operation, thus enabling the weaver to inspect
the state of each half of the warp at each alternate completion of cloth
corresponding to the length or width of the bags being woven. This
object is effected by forming the "dobbie" barrel or cards with three
rows of pegs or perforations in each face of the barrel or in each of the
cards, of which an example is shewn in the diagram, Figure 5, which
represents the four sides of the barrel or the faces of four of the cards
placed on the barrel opened out so as to be seen at one view.
In the diagram, Figure 5, the rows of holes in each card or face of
the barrel are respectively numbered 1, 2, and 3.
In commencing to weave bags according to this Invention the hori-
.zontal needles o of the "dobbie" machine are brought opposite the rows
of pegs or perforations marked 1, and with the needles in this position
the length of double cloth necessary to form a bag is woven. The
horizontal needles o are then brought opposite the set of pegs or
perforations marked 2, which sheds the warp, so as to produce strong.
single cloth for forming the bottom, sides, or edges of the bags. When
a sufficient width of strong single cloth has been woven the horizontal
needles are brought in line with the set of pegs or perforations marked 3,
which sheds the warp so as to again weave the double cloth or bag, but
with that portion of the warp yarns uppermost, which constituted the
lower half of the bag last woven.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our
3 said Invention, and the system, mode, or manner in or under which tho
same is or may be used or practically carried into effect, we would observe
in conclusion that what we consider to be novel and original, and there-

page_text: '
fore claim as the Invention secured to us by the herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The application of the improved "dobbie" machine for weaving
"single fabrics, as herein-before described.
Second. The construction of each face of the barrel of the improved 5
"
dobbie machine with three rows of perforations or pegs, or the
construction of the cards carried thereon with three rows of perforations
or pegs, in order to alternate the position of the halves of the warp
herein before described.
02
In witness whereof, we, the said John Laird and William Ruther- 1
ford, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Seventeenth day
of August, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.