IMPROVEMENTS IN LIQUID METERS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Josiah George Jennings, of Stangate Wharf,
Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, and Alfred Willmer Pocock,
of 11, Church Street, in the City of Westminster, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LIQUID METERS."
tion of
$6
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIQUID METERS."
وو
Sealed the 6th October 1875, and dated the 30th April 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Josiah George Jen-
nings and Alfred Willmer Pocock at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 30th April 1875.
We, JOSIAH GEORGE JENNINGS, of Stangate Wharf, Lambeth, in the
County of Surrey, and ALFRED WILLMER POCOCK, of 11ª, Church Street,
in the City of Westminster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LIQUID METERS," to be as follows:-
11
This Invention relates to improvements in liquid meters, in which two
cylinders are employed with pistons working therein and connected to two
cranks at right angles to one another on the opposite ends of a spindle
or shaft, which shaft is caused to rotate by the action of liquid passing

page_text: through the meter and at its ends is enclosed by hoods which cover over
the tops of the cylinders.
The improvements consist, firstly, in casting the inlet and outlet
chambers of the meter, and also the hoods which cover over the tops of
the cylinders, and in which the two cranks work in one piece with the
cylinders. One cylinder is cast with its hood, and with a bearing for the
crank shaft where it is to pass through the side of the hood; also with
four passages for leading liquid to and from the opposite ends of both
cylinders; also with a water-tight circular chamber which forms the
outlet chamber, and from which the outlet pipe is conducted. This
outlet chamber is exterior of the hood and surrounds and is concentric
with the shaft. The ends of the four passages are ranged around the
chamber together, with a small chamber in which is to be received a
toothed wheel carried on an axis which passes out from the chamber
through a stuffing box to give motion to the wheels of the recording
index. The toothed wheel itself is to be driven by a worm on the crank
shaft. The other cylinder is also cast with a hood for covering it over
at the top, and with a bearing for the crank shaft where it passes
through the side of the hood; also with two passages leading from its
two ends to be connected with the ends of two of the passages in the
casting before mentioned; also with a water-tight chamber into which
the liquid is introduced by an inlet pipe. This chamber at its end is
closed by a valve face formed on a plate which is fitted against the ends
of the passages before mentioned, and has corresponding ports or
passages formed through it.
The valve which rests against the valve face is in the form of a ring
with a central hollow chamber open at the back, and has motion given
to it by an eccentric on the crank shaft in such a manner that the
several ports are in succession left uncovered by the outer circumference
of the valve to permit liquid to pass through them from the inlet
chamber, whilst at the same time the opposite port is left uncovered by
the inner circumference of the valve to permit liquid to pass through
it to the central outlet chamber, and to the pipe leading therefrom. The
eccentric closes over the front of the hollow chamber of the valve, a
tight joint being secured by the excentric resting against a ring of
leather placed against the end of the chamber. The bottom end of
both cylinders rest upon and is closed by a common bed plate, and the

page_text: cylinders are held down to the bed plate by bolts passing through it,
and through lugs cast on the sides of the cylinders.
The plate upon which the valve face is formed is held between the
two castings as before mentioned, and these castings are drawn together
by two eye bolts, one on either side of them. One eye bolt embraces
the inlet pipe on one casting and passes through a lug projecting from
the hood on the other casting; the other eye bolt embraces the outlet
pipe, and similarly passes through a lug on the first mentioned casting.
In order to be enabled to cast each of the cylinders together with the
parts in connection therewith in one casting as above described we cast
them of a readily fusible metal or alloy in metal moulds, so that the
several parts of the meter may be put together without any tooling or
finishing, and much labor is thereby saved. Also by casting the hoods
and inlet and outlet chambers and passages together with the cylinders,
the crank shaft may be brought down much closer to the top of the
cylinders than when these are all cast in separate pieces.
The cylinders and bearings for the shaft we line with brass or other
hard metal tubes on to which the other parts are cast.
For packing the pistons we employ double cupped rings of india-
rubber set back to back and formed together in one piece.
For preventing liquid passing along the spindle in the bearings we
employ cupped washers of india-rubber or other suitable material
fitting over the spindle, and also fitting within a recess at the end of
the bearing.
› SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Josiah George Jennings and Alfred Willmer
Pocock in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th October 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOSIAH
GEORGE JENNINGS, of Stangate Wharf, Lambeth, in the County of
Surrey, and ALFRED WILLMER Pocock, of 11º, Church Street, in the
City of Westminster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of April, in the year of

page_text: our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Josiah George Jennings and Alfred
Willmer Pocock, Her special license, that we, the said Josiah George
Jennings and Alfred Willmer Pocock, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Josiah George Jennings
and Alfred Willmer Pocock, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LIQUID METERS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Josiah George
Jennings and Alfred Willmer Pocock, our executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under our or their hands and seals,
or under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should parti-
cularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Willmer Pocock, on behalf
of myself and the said Josiah George Jennings, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to improvements in liquid meters, in which two
cylinders are employed with pistons working therein and connected to
two cranks at right angles to one another on the opposite ends of a spindle
or shaft, which shaft is caused to rotate by the action of liquid passing
through the meter, and at its ends is enclosed by hoods which cover
over the tops of the cylinders.
The impovements consist, firstly, in casting the inlet and outlet
chambers of the meter, and also the hoods which cover over the tops of
the cylinders, and in which the two cranks work in one piece with the
cylinders. One cylinder is cast with its hood, and with a bearing for the
crank shaft where it is to pass through the side of the hood; also with

page_text: four passages for leading liquid to and from the opposite ends of both
cylinders; also with a water-tight circular chamber which forms the
outlet chamber, and from which the outlet pipe is conducted. This
outlet chamber is exterior of the hood and surrounds and is concentric
with the shaft. The ends of the four passages are ranged around the
chamber together, with a small chamber in which is to be received a
toothed wheel carried on an axis which passes out from the chamber
through a stuffing box to give motion to the wheels of the recording
index. The toothed wheel itself is to be driven by a worm on the crank
shaft. The other cylinder is also cast with a hood for covering it over
at the top, and with a bearing for the crank shaft where it passes
through the side of the hood; also with two passages leading from its
two ends, to be connected with the ends of two of the passages in the
casting before mentioned; also with a water-tight chamber into which
the liquid is introduced by an inlet pipe. This chamber at its end is
closed by a valve face formed on a plate which is fitted against the
ends of the passages before mentioned, and has corresponding ports or
passages formed through it.
The valve which rests against the valve face is in the form of a ring
with a central hollow chamber open at the back and has motion given
to it by an eccentric on the crank shaft in such a manner that the
several ports are in succession left uncovered by the outer circumference
of the valve to permit liquid to pass through them from the inlet
chamber, whilst at the same time the opposite port is left uncovered by
the inner circumference of the valve to permit liquid to pass through
it to the central outlet chamber and to the pipe leading therefrom. The
eccentric closes over the front of the hollow chamber of the valve, a
tight joint being secured by the eccentric resting against a ring of
leather placed against the end of the chamber. The bottom end of
both cylinders rests upon and is closed by a common bed plate, and the
cylinders are held down to the bed plate by bolts passing through it and
through lugs cast on the sides of the cylinders.
The plate upon which the valve face is formed is held between the
two castings as before mentioned, and these castings are drawn together
by bolts.

page_text: Jennings & Pocock's Improvements in Liquid Meters.
Figure 13 is an elevation of mould for casting part of meter
marked D, with cores in position, but with one half mould removed to
show interior.
Figure 14 is a front view of same with face cores (Figures 15 and 16)
removed.
Figures 15 and 16 are views of face cores of same mould.
Figures 17 and 18, are elevations of main core A of same mould;
Figure 28 is a plan of main core of same mould.
Figure 19 is a front view of mould for casting part marked E, with
main core (B) in position, but other cores removed.
Figure 20 is an elevation of one half of same mould with cores
removed, but with a section of bottom ring for guiding main core,
and core Figures 25 and 26 in position.
Figures 23 and 24 are elevations of main core for same mould;
Figure 29 is a plan of ditto.
Figures 21 and 22 are views of face cores of same mould.
Figure 25 is a view of core for water way marked 2, Figure 5; also
of core for water way marked 4, Figure 7, when cut through dotted line
J, J"; Figure 26 is a plan of same.
Figure 27 is a plan of ring for holding main cores and cores shewn
at Figures 25 and 26 in position, and forms base of moulds.
In the Drawings of the moulds the Figures refer to the corresponding
parts of the meter, i.e., the cores which produce the corresponding
water ways in the castings. In all the Drawings the same letters refer
to the same parts.
M, N, are the two pistons working in the cylinders D, E. These
cylinders are each cast with a covering hood and water ways, as above
described. The pistons are connected by the rods M³, N³, to the cranks
set at right angles to one another at opposite ends of the shaft O. 0¹
are lined bearings for the shaft O to turn in; X, X, are two double
cupped rings of india-rubber or leather to prevent the leakage of liquid
along the shaft, and are so placed as always to present their open ends
to the pressure; W is a washer loose on the shaft to hold the flexible
washer in position; S is an eccentric keyed to the shaft in such

page_text: manner that it can slide along it slightly, so that the pressure of the
liquid upon it may keep it tight in its seating in the valve ring R, and
may also keep that up to the face of the valve. The valve face is formed
on a plate C, which is held between the castings D, E; C₁ are bolts
to draw the two castings together and retain the plate C between
them. Passage 1 leads from the valve or inlet chamber 5 to the
top of the cylinder D; passage 2 leads to the bottom of the same.
Passages 3 and 4 lead respectively to the top and bottom of the
cylinder E; Y is the bottom plate of the meter, and Y¹ bolts for
attaching to it the castings D and E; P is a worm fixed on the
shaft O; this worm gears into the wheel T. The square end of the
index spindle V fits into a square hole in the wheel T. This spindle
passes through a stuffing box and gives motion to the indicating appa-
ratus which may be of any desirable kind. The arrows indicate the
direction of the shaft's motion, and the Drawings show the piston M at
its half downward stroke, the port 1 leading above it being fully open
to the supply; the port 2 leading below it being fully open to the
delivery; the ports 3 and 4 being entirely closed as the piston N is at
its top, dead point, and just about to commence its downward stroke.
The cylinders D, E, are shewn to be lined with a tube of brass or
other metal, which will not readily wear or oxidize, as herein-before
described.
The double cupped bucket or packing we prefer to employ for the
piston is shown at Figures 9 and 11, and the way in which we apply it
to the piston is shewn clearly at Figure 8. Double cupped buckets
formed in this manner are applicable for the buckets of pumps and for
packing other pistons.
If the form of piston packing, indicated in Figures 10 and 12 be used,
the piston must be formed in two parts, with the flat part of the washer
secured between them.
The meter above described may be made with a different form of
valve, or with two valves of a similar construction to that shewn in the
Drawings.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention and the manner
of performing the same, we would have it understood that we claim,-
First. The construction of liquid meters, substantially as described.

page_text: Second. Casting each cylinder in one piece with its hood and water
ways, and bearing for crank shaft, substantially as described.
Third. Casting the cylinders together with their water ways in readily
fusible metal in metallic moulds.
Fourth. Lining the soft metal cylinders with a tubular lining which
will not readily wear or oxidize.
Fifth. Forming the valve face upon a plate of metal C held between
the castings D and E, as described.
Sixth. Preventing leakage around the crank shaft by means of double
cupped washers, as described.
Seventh. Packing the pistons by double cupped buckets formed
together in one piece, in the manner shewn at Figures 9 and 11.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Willmer Pocock, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of October,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.