A NEW OR IMPROVED SELF-ACTING LITHOGRAPHIC AND TYPE PRINTING PRESS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Waddie, of the City and County of
Edinburgh, North Britain, Stationer, for the Invention of "A
NEW OR IMPROVED SELF-ACTING LITHOGRAPHIC AND TYPE PRINTING PRESS”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Waddie at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th October 1870.
I, CHARLES WADDIE, of the City and County of Edinburgh, North
Britain, Stationer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW OR IMPROVED SELF-ACTING LITHOGRAPHIC AND TYPE PRINTING
PRESS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This said Invention has reference to new or improved constructions
and arrangements of many of the important parts and automatic
mechanism of a new or improved self-acting lithographic printing press,
also suitable for type printing. Presses constructed with these improve-
ments are more self-acting, and more economical or saving of intelligent
and skilled labour than such presses have been heretofore.

page_text: And the nature of the Invention consists substantially as follows:-
The frame of the machine is formed of two strong cast-iron side standards
firmly secured together by strong cross stays or tie bolts and rails. To
the middle of the furthest back and lowest of these rails, near the floor,
a vertical lever is fulcrummed, having its upper end jointed by a slot or
link connection to the under side of the carriage or travelling frame,
carrying the lithographic stone or the frame made up with the type
therein, set and fixed with the printing face or surface uppermost in the
front end of the carriage, and also carrying the inking table with the
spreading surface up, and placed immediately behind the stone, all so
that as the vertical lever is reciprocated by a connecting rod attached
to it near the middle or lower part by one end, and having the other
_end connected to a crank or eccentric on the middle of a main crank
and cam shaft, carried and revolving in bush bearings in the front or
central part of the side standards; the carriage with the printing and
inking surfaces on it would be traversed longitudinally to and fro on
grooved horizontal rails at each side, either attached to or formed on a
rectangular bed frame secured between the upper parts of the side
standards, and to a separate standard or standards out behind to support
and steady the back end. The said main crank cam shaft, from which
the automatic movements of the machine are taken in proper sequential
time; revolves in strong bush bearings in the side frames, and it may
be driven direct, at a slow speed, by motive power or through an inter-
mittent shaft, and either by motive or manual power, at a fast speed,
reducing the speed by a pinion and wheel as three to one, and when
this second pinion shaft is actuated by hand and winch handles it may
revolve in bush bearings in the side frames placed to one side or above
the crank shaft, and have a fly wheel fast on it at one side of the frame,
or have a smaller fly wheel fixed upon a third shaft made as a fly wheel
shaft, connected to the second as the intermediate shaft by wheels to
run two or three times as fast as it, also in bush bearings in the side
frame so as to accumulate and regulate the power and speed of the
whole more easily for manual power.
For the smaller sized class of printing presses it is preferred to work
them by the feet and a treadle board by connecting the treadle frame or
levers through one or two connecting rods to the like number of treadle
cranks on the second motion shaft, by preference, in this case placed
below the crank cam shaft for that purpose and for the general steadiness

page_text: of the whole, as well as the fly wheel shaft connected to it at one side
by gearing wheels.
For lithograph printing the necessary damping of the stone is
accomplished by means of a hollow tube or roller pierced with holes
and covered with a damping blanket, and having the interior filled or
supplied with water, thus forming a hollow transverse damping roller,
which rolls or passes over the surface of the stone longitudinally on its
return or back traverse from the supporting and pressing or printing
rollers, thus giving the required moisture, which is then spread equally
over its surface by two solid rollers immediately behind it, covered also
with damping blanket. These transverse rollers all run with their
spindles in vertical slotted guide frames, and have each two raising and
tumbling links or collars (one at each side connected to their spindles or
bushes) which are turned or swivelled round at the lower end out of the
way by the back end or head of two wedges or incline plane pieces on
each side of the carriage and stone below them, so as to allow the
damping rollers to fall or rest, and run over the surface of the stone on
the backward traverse, but on the forward traverse or journey they are
prevented from thus tilting by fixed stop guides, and therefore rise over
the point and surface of the incline planes attached to the carriage, which
lift the damping roller clear of the surface off the stone.
"
Whether for lithographic or type printing the work is inked in by
means of from two to six transverse rollers, placed behind the damping
roller, having the carriage with
$ work to be printed from and inking
table ranged on it traversing or sliding under them. The shafts or
spindles of the rollers have a bar with a spring and pinching screw at
each side (or other equivalent) to give each roller the required pressure,
which is thus regulated to the greatest nicety by screwing up or slacking
back, the pinching screws and springs. Behind the inking rollers are
placed three small distributors or angled rollers for spreading the ink
that is fed into the machine, all much the same as the distributing and
feeding of the ink are effected in other self-acting printing machines.
All these transverse ink rollers work by or with their spindles in vertical
slotted guides in light side frames secured to the horizontal bed frame
carrying the longitudinal slides of the carriage.
The printing is accomplished and pressure given by means of a metal
roller covered with soft material, such as india-rubber, gutta percha, paper,
or blanket, and placed in front of the hollow damping roller, and the

page_text: "
shaft or journals of this roller run in gun metal bushes, sliding vertically
in strong slotted guides or guide brackets, cast in one with or secured to
the main side frames, with helical or other springs below the bushes, to
raise the roller and its pulling down rods up again at each side and after
each pressure and printing has been effected. These rods have hollow
cam or bearing surfaces on them just below the crank shaft, which has
small cams formed or fixed on it in such a position in relation to the
crank as to bring down the roller on the front edge of the stone or
"form of type as brought forward by the crank on the top of the
paper and placed below the roller so as to press and retain it there while
the work is moving forward and being printed, and still allow the spring
to lift and release it just before the crank begins to reverse the traverse
of the carriage. These two perpendicular reciprocating pressing rods
work in guides at their lower ends, one at each side frame and have
each a
"stanton buckle" or joint for regulating the pressure on the
work and length of the rod between the bush and cam bearing step or
hook. Beneath the said printing roller and traversing carriage and bed
of the machine another iron roller is placed on which the carriage runs
in passing below the printing roller, so that the pressure is sustained
between these two rollers, which thus take the force and friction off the
bed rails and work something in the manner of a calender. A guage is
placed in front of the machine with movable slides on the feeding table
for feeding in the paper, and behind the printing roller or apparatus, the
guard rest is fixed, on which the sheets of paper as they are to be
printed rest. For some kinds of work an iron or boxwood scraper may
be used instead of the upper pressing and printing roller, and covered
or having a tympan in the usual way when desired. The stone, after
having been damped and inked on its backward traverse and inked a
second time on its way forward (when desired), then clears the damping
rollers by lifting them all as described, enters or passes between or
beneath the printing roller, which revolves over it (in a contrary
direction) by stiff pressure or rolling frictional contact below, so as thus
to press the sheet of paper down on to the stone or type, and print and
carry or cast it forward to the hand of the person who fed it in just
over the feeding table, and then rise smoothly up clear of the stone,
which returns to the damping and inking rollers, and while the damping
and inking is being done, the person feeds in a new sheet of paper back
through below the printing roller and on to the paper rest behind it,
which in coming down presses and prints the sheet on to the stone or

page_text: type and delivers it all on the forward traverse, as before described,
successively. To print from type the damping rollers are removed and a
locked "form" or case of set-up types is placed on the carriage instead
or in place of the stone.
The new or improved parts or points of the machine which are
specially desired to be secured as novel and original, are the construction
and arrangement of the damping rollers and mechanism connected
therewith, the pressing printing roller and its connections, and mode
and means of giving the pressure and motion thereto, and mode and
means of traversing the carriage all from the same crank cam shaft,
so as to give all the movements automatically in proper sequential time,
also the mode and means of feeding in the paper, and the mode and
means of actuating the whole by treadle mechanism or motive power,
all substantially as described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Waddie in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 4th April 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
WADDIE, of the City and County of Edinburgh, North Britain, Stationer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-fourth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Charles Waddie, Her special licence that I,
the said Charles Waddie, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Charles Waddie, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, ·
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED SELF-
ACTING LITHOGRAPHIC AND TYPE PRINTING PRESS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Charles Waddie, my executors or administrators,

page_text: by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Waddie, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement in writing, reference being had to the accompany-
ing Sheet of Drawings and to the letters marked thereon, and which I
have appended for the purpose of showing the best modifications and
means I am at present aware of for performing or carrying my said
Invention into effect or practice, the same reference letters and numerals
indicating the same or like parts in all the figures, that is to say :-
My said Invention has reference to new or improved constructions
and arrangements of many of the important parts and automatic
mechanism of a new or improved self-acting lithograpic printing press;
also suitable for type printing. Presses constructed with these improve-
ments being more self-acting, and therefore requiring much less skilled
labour, are more economical for many classes of work than such presses
have been heretofore.
And the nature and manner of performing my said Invention consists
substantially as follows:-
Figure 1, on the Sheet of Drawings, is a longitudinal vertical section
of a small form of lithographic press, also applicable for type printing,
constructed in accordance with and illustrative of one modification of my
said Invention or improvements, as applied thereto, for being worked by
one person through a simple treadle mechanism, who can also feed in
the paper and receive it back from the machine as it is printed; Figure 2
is a plan and Figure 3 is a front end elevation of the machine, both
corresponding to Figure 1; Figure 4 is a partial longitudinal section of
the main supply damping roller; Figures 5 and 6 are respectively a
partial transverse and longitudinal section of the one side of the frame,
showing a part of the travelling carriage, and raising and lowering
mechanism of the damping rollers; and Figure 7 is a side elevation of
one of the links or connecting rods, and its cam for drawing down the
pressing printing roller. All these views, Figures 4 to 7, show special

page_text: new parts of the machine, as detached therefrom for the purpose of
showing the construction and arrangement of these parts.
Figures
8 and 9 are respectively a side elevation and plan of a back feeding
table and its fittings for the larger sizes of machines than that shown in
Figures 1, 2, and 3.
As for machines of my improved construction driven by motive power
and requiring one person to feed in the paper and another to remove the
printed sheet: —
The frame of the machine is formed of two strong cast-iron side
standards A, firmly secured together by strong cross frames and stays
or rails A¹, A", A"; to the middle and furthest back and lowest of
these rails A", near the floor, a vertical lever B is fulcrummed by its
lower end B¹, having its upper end B¹ jointed by a slot and pin con-
nection C¹ (or it might be to a horizontal link connection) to the under
side of the carriage or travelling frame O carrying the lithographic
stone D (or the frame made up with the type when used as a type-
printing press) therein set and fixed with the printing face or surface
uppermost in the front end of the carriage C, and also carrying the
inking table E, with the distributing surface up, and placed immediately
behind the stone D; also that, by the reciprocating action of the vertical
lever B, actuated by the connecting rod F, attached to it by the one
end F¹, to near the middle or lower part, and having the other end F"
connected to a crank G, or it might be an eccentric on the middle of a
main crank and cam shaft G carried and revolving in bush bearings A³
in the front or central part of the side standards A, the carriage C, with
the printing and inking surfaces D, E, on it, would be traversed longi-
tudinally to and fro on the grooved horizontal rails A³ at each inner side
of the frames A, A, to which they are attached by being secured to the
transverse stays A, secured between the upper parts of the side
standards A, A, or it might be to a horizontal rectangular bed frame
and to a separate standard or standards out behind the frame to support
and steady the back end of this frame or rails A³, when the carriage C
has a very long traverse. The said main crank cam shaft G, from which
the automatic movements of the machine are taken in proper sequential
time, and which revolves in strong bush bearings A³, in the side frames
A, A, may be driven direct, at a slow speed, by motive power, or
through another first or intermediate shaft H, and which would in
this case be actuated at a fast speed either by motive or manual

page_text: •
power, and have the speed reduced by a spur pinion I and wheel I'
as, say, from three or four to one on these shafts H and G respectively.
For this and smaller sized class of printing presses I prefer to work them
by the feet and a treadle board J and frame or levers J¹, J¹, connected
by two connecting rods J, J³, to the like number of treadle cranks J", J",
on the second shaft H, by preference in this case placed below the crank
cam shaft G for that purpose and for the general steadiness of the whole,
as well as the fly wheel shaft H¹ connected to it at one side by the geared
wheels I", I³. For lithograph printing (which is the main purpose for
which the press has been designed) the necessary damping of the surface
of the stone D is accomplished, first, by means of a hollow tube or roller K
pierced numerously with holes K' through the body, and covered with
one or more layers of damping blanket. The interior of the hollow
roller K is filled or supplied with water from time to time by having the
one end K² to screw off and on for the purpose of so filling it (as par-
ticularly seen in Figure 4), thus forming a hollow transverse damping
roller which passes across and rolls over the surface of the stone D
longitudinally on its return or back traverse from the pressing or printing
roller L and supporting roller L³, thus giving the required moisture,
which is then spread equally over the surface of the stone D by two
solid distributing rollers k, k¹, placed at a little distance apart imme-
diately behind it, covered also with one or more plies of damping blanket.
These transverse rollers K, k, k³, all run with their spindles K", k¹¹, in
vertical slots and guide frames M. Each roller having two loose raising
and lowering tumbling links or collars N, one at each side, connected,
by preference, by slots n to the spindles K", k¹, (or it might be to their
bushes when fitted with these,) and which are turned or swiveled round
by their lower rounded end n¹ out of the way of and by the back end or
head o of their two inclined raising blocks O formed or secured below
them on each side of the stone and carriage C, so as to lower or allow the
damping rollers K, k, k¹, one after the other, to fall or rest and run over
the surface of the stone D on its backward traverse towards the inking
rollers 1, 1, 1. The top part of the stop guides N¹ are bevelled away
at N to allow the links N thus being tilted as described. On the
forward traverse or journey these links N are prevented from thus tilting
by the stop guides N¹ fixed on the frames M, and therefore are forced
to rise over the rounded or wedge point of and lifting surface of the
inclined rising blocks O of the carriage, which thus lift the damping
rollers some distance clear of the surface of the stone D. Whether for

page_text: lithographic or type printing the work is inked in by means of from two
to six transverse inking rollers placed behind the damping rollers
having the carriage with the work to be printed from and inking table
ranged on it traversing or sliding under them. The shafts or spindles
of these rollers have a bar & with a spring and pinching screw ♬ at
each side (or other equivalent) to give each roller the required pressure
to ink the work properly, which is thus regulated to the greatest nicety
by screwing up or slacking back the pinching screws and springs (".
Behind the inking rollers are placed three small distributors or angled
rollers j, j,, for spreading the ink on the distributing plate E, on
which a little is placed from time to time; or the ink may be fed into
the machine substantially in the same manner as the feeding and
distributing of the ink are effected in other self-acting printing machines
from a small trough or vessel at the back of the last distributing roller .
All these transverse ink rollers and j work by or with their spindles
in vertical slotted guide bearings in light side frames 7, 111, secured
to the horizontal side frames A, A, or it might be to the bed frame A
for the carrying of the longitudinal slides A' of the carriage C. The
printing is accomplished and pressure given by means of the metal
roller L covered with soft material, such as india-rubber, gutta
percha, leather, paper, or blanket, and placed in front of the hollow
damping roller K, and the shaft or journals of the roller L run in gun
metal bushes or other equivalents, sliding vertically in strong slotted
guides or guide brackets L³, secured to (or it might be cast in one with)
the main side frames A with helical or other springs L', below the said
journal bearings or bushes within the guides to raise the roller L (and
its drawing down rods P at each side attached to its spindle L' by the
eyes P¹) up again after each pressure and printing has been effected.
These pulling down connecting rods P have each a hollow cam box or
bearing surface P2 on them near the lower end, just below the crank
shaft G which has small cams P" fixed or formed on it in such a position
in relation to the crank G', as to bring down the roller L on the front
edge D' of the stone D (or it may be a form of type) as it is brought
forward by the action of the crank G¹ and on the top of the paper
previously placed below the roller, so as to press and retain it there
while the stone and work is thus moved forward, and still allow the
spring to lift and release it just before the crank G¹ begins to reverse the
traverse of the carriage C, where the projecting step P on the cam has
just slipped off the bearing surface P³ as shown in this position in

page_text: Figures 1 and 7. These two perpendicular reciprocating pressing rods P
work in guides Q below the cam box P2 at the lower ends, and close
to each side frame A, and having each a "stanton buckle" or joint P*,
with right and left screws for regulating the pressure on the work by
the length of the rod between the box or the cam bearing step P³ and
the upper eye P', secured to the outer ends of the roller spindle L'.
Beneath the said printing roller L and traversing carriage C and bed rails
A³ of the machine, another iron roller L" is placed (to turn in the side
brackets A of the frames A), upon this roller L" the carriage runs in
passing below the printing roller L, so that the pressure is taken off the
slides or rails A³ and sustained between these two rollers L, L", which
work most smoothly much in the manner of a calender (see Figures 1
and 3). A side and front guage R¹, R", with movable fixing slides R*
are placed in front of the machine (and printing roller L) upon the
feeding table R for feeding in the paper, and behind the printing roller
L (of the arrangement described), a guard, rest, or feeding plate S is
fixed, on which the sheets of paper a as they are to be printed rest,
the left-hand edge of the paper being laid up against the guide R¹, and
the front edge against the guide R" having the back parts of the sheet
to be printed passed through below the roller L supported on the inclined.
carrying rest plate S. The stone D after having been damped and inked
on its backward traverse and inked a second time on its way forward,
then clears the damping rollers by lifting them all as described, enters
between the rollers L, L", or passes over the bearing roller L', and
beneath the printing roller L, which revolves over it (as it were in a
contrary direction) by stiff pressure or rolling frictional contact below,
so as thus to press the sheet of paper down on to the printing surface
of the stone or type, and print, and carry, or cast it forward to the hand
of the person who fed it in just over the feeding table R, and then rise
smoothly up clear of the stone D which returns to the damping and
inking rollers K, k, l; and while the damping and inking is being done
the person feeds in a new sheet of paper a as indicated in dotted lines
Figures 1 and 2 (back through below the printing roller L, and on to
the paper rest S behind it, which in coming down presses and prints the
sheet on to the stone or type, and delivers it all on the forward traverse
as before described successively. The damping rollers K, k, k¹, and
ink distributing rollers ; are simply held or pressed down to their work
(on the surface of the stone D and distributing plate E) by their own
weight, and the small india-rubber band e passed over the small grooved

page_text: 111
"
pulleys e¹, e, the eyes of which are slipped on the outer ends of the
spindles ",, of the roller and on to fixed studs e below them in the
frames M,j. For some kinds of work an iron or boxwood scraper
may be used instead of the upper pressing roller and covered or having
a tympan in the usual way when desired. To print from type the
damping rollers K, k, k¹, are removed, and a locked
"form or case of
set-up type is placed on the carriage instead or in place of the stone D.
In this arrangement the person feeding in the sheets of paper stands at
the front end of the machine and table R and works the treadle board J
with one of his feet, and with this improved press and size of stone
shown a stout lad can print from 1,000 to 1,200 sheets per hour. When
it is desired to work the pinion or second motion shaft H by manual power
and winch handles it may revolve in bush bearings in the side frames A.
placed to one side or above the crank shaft G and have a fly wheel Hu
fast on it at one side of the frame A; or otherwise a smaller fly wheel
might be fixed upon the third shaft H¹ made as a fly wheel shaft con-
nected to the second shaft H as an intermediate shaft (by the wheels
I, I,) to run two or three times as fast as it, also carried in bush
bearings in the side frame A so as to accumulate or regulate the power
and speed of the whole train of shafts and motion of the machine
more easily for manual power. A truly planed and levelled plate is
placed within the box in the travelling carriage C which holds the
stone D, and at the proper height to carry the set up
"form" of type.
Referring to the feeding table arrangement, Figures 8 and 9, for
feeding in large sheets of paper into the larger sizes of these new con-
structions of lithographic and type printing presses to be actuated by
motive power the feeding table R is placed behind the pressing printing
roller L, having the guides R', R", capable of being set and fixed to suit
the side and end of the particular size of sheet a, much the same as
described in reference to the horizontal guide table R in front for the
small machines, except that this table lies at an angle downwards
towards the lower part of the roller L, so that the front end of the sheet
is and can be easily passed through below it on to a rest plate S° which
retains it up off the ink printing surface of the stone D or type until
the roller L in being brought down by its links P and cams P¹ brings
the front edge and end off the rest S² and presses it down on the
said printing surface, which with the action of the roller L draw it
forward and print it until the sheet and stone have passed quite through,

page_text: below, and in front of the rest S³ where the sheet is removed while the
table C is reversing its motion for the next backward traverse. These
larger presses may either be driven by hand, as herein-before described,
or by motive power by a fast-and-loose driving pulley and band or belt
or other equivalent actuated from any adjacent prime mover so as to
give motion to the shaft G or H as the first motion shaft of the
machine, having the fly-wheel H" in that case by preference on
whichever is made the first motion shaft. For the said large presess,
especially when driven by power, the vertical lever B, connecting
rod F, and crank G¹ on the shaft G might be dispensed with. Motion
may be given to the printing table C by other ordinary means, as
by one or two spur pinions on the shaft G working into one or two
inverted toothed racks on the under side of the table, or by other
equivalent well-known means heretofore in use for actuating the tables
of other constructions of lithographic or type printing presses. To
prevent the actuating shafts and gearing of the machine from being
turned in the wrong or backward direction, which might injure the
cams P, P, P³, or other working parts, and make them work properly.
I have fitted a ratchet-holding pall T to a strong stud T¹ in one of the
side frames A, with the pall T resting over and into a ratchet boss T,
keyed on one end of the shaft H' with one ratchet tooth on it (or it
might be more), and having the tooth made so that when turned in the
right direction it simply raises the hook end of the pall T, but when
turned in the other direction the tooth T on the boss is caught and
stopped by the catch on the pall T, which instantly stops the motion of 2
the pinion shaft H¹ and moving parts of the whole machine before they
have acquired distructive momentum, so as to prevent their breakage or
injury when turned in the said wrong direction. In some cases, as for
printing large sheets of paper, they may be allowed to lie on the printing
surface of the stone or type until they have quite passed through from 3
below the printing roller, and then be lifted off by the hand or by an
automatic light-griping frame and gripers placed at the front end of the
machine instead of by the use of the front feeding and receiving table R
described.

page_text: the other damping roller, the construction and use of the pressing
printing roller and its connections and mode and means of giving the
pressure and motion thereto, and the mode and means of traversing
the carriage all from the same crank and cam shaft so as to bring down
the pressing printing roller and give all the other movements automati-
cally in proper sequential time; also the modes and means of feeding
in the paper; and the modes and means of actuating the whole by a
treadle mechanism and hand or motive power, all respectively and
substantially as described.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used
or carried into effect, I would observe that what I consider novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The construction and arrangement of the parts of lithographic
or combined lithographic and type printing presses, in the new or
improved manner and for the purposes, all substantially as herein
described and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Second. The construction, arrangement, and use of a hollow damping
roller filled with water, for lithographic presses, substantially in the new
or improved manner herein described and shown in the accompanying
Drawings.
Third. The construction and arrangement of automatic mechanism for
lifting and lowering the damping rollers of lithographic presses, sub-
stantially in the new or improved manner herein described and shown in
the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth. The construction and arrangement of a pressing and printing
roller in either lithographic or type printing presses, which, by its
pressure and frictional rolling action on the sheets of paper and printing
surface delivers them as they are printed nearly straight out in front,
either slightly raised off the printing surface, or lying on it, all sub-
stantially in the new or improved manner herein described and shown
in the accompanying Drawings.
Fifth. The construction and arrangement of the cams and other
mechanism for giving and maintaining equal pressure on the printing
roller, paper, and printing surface of lithographic and type-printing
presses, and releasing that pressure in proper sequential time with the
traverse of the printing table, actuated automatically from the same

page_text: main cam shaft, all substantially in the new or improved manner herein
described and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Sixth. The modes and means of feeding in the paper to lithographic
and type-printing presses, all substantially in the new or improved
manner herein described and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
.
Seventh. The construction and arrangement of parts for equalizing
and releasing the pressure of the inking rollers (1, 1, 1,) in sets upon
the face of the stone or type, substantially in the new or improved
manner herein described and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Eighth. The actuating of lithographic or combined lithographic and 1
type-printing presses through a prime motive crank cam shaft, and by
treadle mechanism, or by hand or motive power, all respectively and
substantially in the new or improved manner herein described and shown
in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Waddie, have hereunto 1
set my hand and seal, this First day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
Witness,
A. M. THOMSON,
Agent,
20, Buchanan St.,
Glasgow.
CHARLES WADDIE. (L.s.)