provements in or relating to Cutter Heads or Stocks for Woodworking Machinery.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Nov., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 16th Aug., 1900-Accepted, 22nd Sept., 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to Cutter Heads or Stocks for
Woodworking Machinery.
I, RICHARD PERRIN, of 26, Landseer Road, Breck Road, Everton, Liverpool,
in the County of Lancaster, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
-
This invention has for its object certain improvements relating to cutter
heads or stocks for wood working machinery.
In carrying my invention into effect, I provide a stock or head having a
pair of transverse slots preferably parallel one on one side of the centre line
of the stock a suitable distance away, and the other on the other side. These
slots are adapted to receive the bits or cutters. In order to clamp the cutters
in position the following arrangement is provided:-Mounted in longitudinal
slots arranged at an angle to the transverse cutter slots in the cutter head or
stock are a pair of cotter bolts, that is a pair of cotters tapered at one edge only,
with screw threads at one end which are fitted with nuts on the outside of the
head or stock, so that they can be tightened or slackened as required endways
to any necessary extent, while having little or no lateral play. These cotter
bolts work against a reverse wedge, or key, tapered at one edge, which is fitted
to work in a slot to prevent end play while allowing free movement laterally.
The tapered edge of this wedge abuts against the cotter, and its straight edge
against the cutter or bit, and further this reverse wedge is so arranged in its slot
that it will not drop out even if there be no bit in the cutter slots. The nuts
at end of cotter bolts are prevented from lifting when being loosened by a clip
fastened to the top of the block and engaging a groove in the nut, which groove
while not preventing the nut rotating prevents it lifting. The cutter block is
clamped on the ordinary spindle and with a washer to clear the screwed ends
projecting at end of head. The block can be used right or left hand by turning
upside down, or may be made right handed or left handed to suit the convenience
of cabinet makers.
In use, the bits or cutters are inserted in the horizontal slots and firmly
clamped by tightening up the nuts and the cotter bolts. This tightening up
forces the parallel edge of the wedge against the bit, thus tightening the bit in
position. The reverse movement of the nut slackens the wedge enabling the bit
to be withdrawn, the stop engaging the nut preventing the nut lifting and ensur-
ing the cotter bolt being driven back, instead of the nut simply rising off the end
of head. The transverse slots with the cutters or bits are made of considérable
width, so that these cutters may be canted up or down, the clamping arrange-
ment being such that they can be clamped in any position in the slots. Ring
fences may be attached or clamped to the cutter head or ordinary straight fences

page_text: may be used which ever is preferred to suit circumstances. The number of
bits with tightening mechanism therefor may be varied as required.
Dated this 15th day of November 1899.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Patent Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in or relating to Cutter Heads or Stocks for
Woodworking Machinery.
I, RICHARD PERRIN, of 26, Landscer Road, Breck Road, Everton, Liverpool,
in the County of Lancaster, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has for its object certain improvements relating to cutter
heads or stocks for wood working machinery.
The invention will be understood from the following description, reference
being had to the accompanying drawings, in which-
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section a-b of the cutter head;
Figure 2 a horizontal cross section through c d;
Figure 3 a plan of the nut.
In carrying the invention into effect, I provide a stock or head A formed
cylindrical with a hole J to receive the ordinary rotary spindle. This head
being cylindrical and of some length, forms a bearing against the timber which
is being operated upon. It is however provided with a pair of transverse slots B
preferably parallel one on one side of the centre line of the stock, a suitable
distance away, and the other on the other side. These slots are adapted to
receive the bits or cutters but do not interfere in any way with the head or stock
forming a bearing against the timber being operated upon. In order to clamp
the cutters in position the following arrangement is provided. Mounted in
longitudinal slots D arranged at an angle with the transverse cutter slots B in the
cutter head or stock, are a pair of cotter bolts E, that is a pair of cotters tapered
at one edge only with screw threads at one end which are fitted with nuts F on
the outside of the head or stock, so that they can be tightened or slackened as
required endways to any necessary extent while having little or
no lateral
play. These cotter bolts each work against a reverse wedge or key G tapered at
one edge which is fitted to work in a groove H to prevent end play, while allow-
ing free movement laterally. These grooves H connect the slots D with the
slots B. The tapered edge of these wedges abut against the cotters E and
their straight edges against the cutters or bits, and further these reverse wedges
are so arranged in their grooves that they will not drop out even if there
be no bit in the cutter slots, there being shoulders provided for this purpose.
The nuts F at the end of the cotter bolts are prevented from lifting and being
loosened by a dovetail piece I on the nut engaging in a slot i in top of block A.
This groove while not preventing the nut I rotating prevents it lifting. The
cutter block A is clamped on the ordinary spindle which passes through hole J
with a washer O to clear the screwed ends projecting at end of head. The block
can be used right or left hand by turning upside down or may be made right
handed or left handed to suit the convenience of cabinet maker.
In use the bits or cutters are inserted in the horizontal slots B and firmly
clamped by tightening up nuts F on the cotter bolts E. The nuts are inserted

page_text: in the dovetailed grooves first and adjusted so as to lie concentric with cotter
bolt slot, and then the cotter bolts are inserted and screwed up tight by the nuts.
This tightening up forces the parallel edge of the wedge G against the bit, thus
tightening the bit in position. The reverse movement of the nut slackens the
bit and enables the bit to be withdrawn, the dovetail device I preventing the nut
lifting and ensuring the cotter bolt being driven back instead of the nut
simply rising off the end of the head. The transverse slots B and the cutters
or bits are made of considerable width longitudinally of the head A so that
these cutters may be canted up or down, the clamping arrangement being such
that they can be clamped in any position in the slots. K are ring fences which
may be attached to or clamped to the cutter head or an ordinary straight fence
may be used whichever is preferred to suit circumstances. If only one bit is
being used at a time, in one of the transverse slots, a slide L can be inserted in
the other slot and tightened up in position by means of the reverse wedge.
Pins M are passed through holes in this slide and through corresponding holes
in the ring fence, thus ensuring the ring fence being locked to the cylindrical
head so that it cannot turn independently. Set screws N hold the pins in
position so that they will not come out. The number of bits with tightening
mechanism may be varied as required. One great advantage of the present in-
vention is that it provides a bearing against the timber which is being cut
or moulded and this ensures a true surface even though there happen to be a mor-
tise or hole in the guiding surface of the wood which is being operated upon.
In the ordinary apparatus hitherto used this would form a very serious difficulty
as on that part of the timber, where the mortise or hole was located, arriving at
the cutters, there would be nothing to support it and consequently the cutters
would cut into the wood and spoil its even continuity. This applies especially
to curved or arched pieces, or pieces of irregular outline. My invention there-
fore in getting over this difficulty supplies a long felt want. Furthermore, by
the present invention, the cut is directed against the solid part of the block and
not against a nut. The device can be used for working straight lengths of
moulding or curved lengths whichever is preferred.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. The improvement in cutter heads or stocks for wood working machinery,
which consists in forming them of a cylindrical block having slots passing
transversely through it to receive the bits or cutters, said cylindrical block being
of such length and the transverse slots so arranged, that the former provides a
bearing against which the timber rests when being cut or moulded even though
there happens to be a mortise or hole in the guiding surface of the wood, sub-
stantially as described the said arrangement also ensuring that the pressure on
the bit during the cutting operation is borne by the solid part of the block and
not solely by a nut as has been usual hitherto."
2. A cutter head or stock for wood working machinery, comprising a cylin-
drical block having transverse slots therein, which permit of the cutters therein
mounted being canted up or down, in combination with a clamping arrangement
for holding the cutters in position, said arrangement consisting in providing in
the block longitudinal slots at an angle to the transverse ones, cotter bolts
mounted in said slots, grooves or passages arranged between the longitudinal
slots and the transverse ones which connect the two together, and laterally
sliding wedges mounted in said grooves whose tapered edges abut against the
tapered edges of the cotters, and whose straight edges abut against the cutters
or bits, whereby if the cotter bolts be tightened up by means of their nuts,
the tightening forces the tapered edges of the wedges against the cutters, thus
clamping them, while the reverse movement of the nuts slacken the wedges and
enable the cutters to be withdrawn or adjusted substantially as described.

page_text: 3. The arrangement for preventing the nut at the end of the cotter bolt
from lifting when the nut is slackened, whereby the cotter bolt is driven back
instead of simply rising off the end of the head substantially as described.
4. The arrangement of ring fences and means for tightening same in position
substantially as set forth.
5. The cutter head or stock apparatus for wood working machinery con-
structed, arranged and operating substantially as herein before described with
reference to and shown in the drawings annexed.
..
6. The special arrangement of grooves or slots in cutter head and the cotter
bolts and reverse wedges therein, also the means for preventing the latter dropping
out when the bits in the cutter slots have been removed, substantially as
described.
Dated this 15th day of August 1900.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Patent Agents,
Of Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, and London.