IMPROVEMENTS IN GLASS REFLECTORS OR RADIATORS FOR GAS, OIL, AND OTHER LAMPS OR BURNERS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Cruikshank Pulford, of No. 4, Dowgate
Hill, in the City of London, for the Invention of “IMPROVEMENTS IN
GLASS REFLECTORS OR RADIATORS FOR GAS, OIL, AND OTHER LAMPS OR
BURNERS
"
Scaled the 28th September 1875, and dated the 5th April 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Cruikshank
Pulford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 5th April 1875.
I, GEORGE CRUIKSHANK PULFORD, of No. 4, Dowgate Hill, in the
3 City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
** IMPROVEMENTS IN GLASS REFLECTORS OR RADIATORS FOR GAS, OIL, AND OTHER
LAMPS OR BURNERS," to be as follows :—
This Invention relates to improvements in glass reflectors or radiators
for gas, oil, and other lamps or burners, and consists in moulding or
otherwise forming ribs or flutes and hollows of ring shape in or upon the
outside only or upon the outside and the inside of chimnies and globes.

page_text: The ring ribs or flutes and hollows may have angled faces with under
cut like shoulders, or they may be like ordinary corrugations, the object
being in this Invention to take up the rays of light by the angled faces
und to distribute or radiate some of the rays in imgs radially and to
concentrate and to throw down other rays in proximity to the lamp.
The glasses which may serve as ordinary gas or lamp chimnics or
globes can be ring fluted or corrugated for the whole or only for a part
of their lengths or heights.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the-conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Cruikshank Pulford m the Great Scal
Patent Office on the 5th October 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
CRUIKSHANK PULFORD, of No. 4, Dowgate Ilill, in the City of London,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-eighth
year of er reign, did, for Herself, Ier heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said George Cruikshank Pulford, IIer special licenco
that I, the said George Cruikshank Pulford, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George Cruikshank
Pulford, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GLASS REFLECTORS OR RADIATORS FOR GAS, OIL, AND
OTHER LAMPS OR BURNERS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said George Cruikshank Pulford, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within

page_text: six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Cruikshank Pulford, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say
This Invention relates to improvements in glass reflectors or radiators
for gas, oil, and other lamps or burners, and consists in moulding or
otherwise forming ribs or flutes, plain or zig-zag, of ring shape in or
upon the outside only or upon the outside and the inside of chimneys
and globes. The ring ribs or flutos and hollows may have angled
faces with under cut like shoulders, or they may be like ordinary
corrugations, the object being in this Invention to take up the rays of
light by the angled faces and to distribute or radiate some of the rays in
5 rings radially and to concentrate and to throw down other rays in
proximity to tho lamp.
The glasses which may serve as ordinary gas or lamp chimnies or
globes can be ring fluted or corrugated for the whole or only for a part
of their lengths or heights.
The manner of carrying my Invention into effect is clearly represented
in the accompanying Drawings, in which,―
Figure 1 shows a glass chimney such as is used for argand gas
burners with annular ribs a, cach having one flat face and one angled
face starting a short distance from the bottom which is intended to
5 rest upon the "gallery" or holder The internal surface of this chimney
may be plain so that the circular ribs or flutes appear upon the outside
only, or it may have similar or corresponding shaped hollows c, as in the
sectional part of the Figure.
Figure 2 represents a portion of a gas chimney with flutes or ribs a
formed with two angles, one being more acute than the other.
Figure 3 shows a portion of a similar chimney with angular pro-
jections a in ring form.
Figure 4 represents a portion of a similar chimney with angular pro-
jections a looking in opposite directions to those shown in Figure 3.
Figure 5 illustrates a similar chimney with the top and bottom

page_text: portions a, b, plain and with flutes or corrugations of ring form at that
part only at which the positive light or flame effect takes place.
Figure 6 shows a one side in section of chimney with plain top and
bottom portions, and with regular angular ibs or projections of ring
form upon the exterior.
Figure 7 represents a portion of a chimney in section with different
inside and outside angled face ring ribs, and Figure 8, a portion with
similar projections on both the outside and the inside, the angled faces
in this instance being the same.
Figuro 9 shows a portion of a glass chimney with curved ring-
shaped projections, and Figure 10, a portion with angled projections
having hollows or curved under surfaces.
Figure 11 represents a railway carriage glass or bason made according
to my Invention with angular ring-shaped ribs or flutes upon the
outside. The bottom of this glass is solid and a portion of the side.
The ring lip e is to enable it to be hung in a socket or bezel liko an
ordinary carriage lamp glass
Figure 12 shows ring ribs or flutes a on the outside of a lamp globe.
This globe may have corresponding or other ring projections upon the
interior if found desirable.
Figure 13 represents a portion of a straight glass chimney with different
shaped ring ribs, flutes, or projections upon the exterior.
Other forms of ring projections or flutes and hollows can be devised
both for the straight and the irregular sided gas or lamp glass or globes,
but those shown on the annexed Sheet of Drawing are sufficient to
enable my Invention to be clearly understood, the object being, as before
explained, to take up the light of a burner and concentrate it in ring-
shaped layers, regular or broken, and then to distribute the light from
the glass in superposed rings at the same or at different angles for the
more extensive diffusion of the light upon the surrounding objects.
It will be understood that in each case my glass chimney or globe as
a reflector or radiator of light is composed with the ribs, flutes, or pro-
jections as part of the article independently of metal or other work to
hold several pieces together to form a chimney or globe, that having
been done by angular prisms in lighthouses.

page_text: What I consider novel and the subject matter of my herein-before
recited Letters Patent is,―
The manufacture of glass gas and lamp chimnies and globes with ring
ribs, flutes, or projections having angular (rounded or curved) faces, as
shown, for concentrating the light of flames and reflecting or radiating
the light as described.
Secondly. I claim all other forms or shapes of ring ribs, flutes, or
projections on or in glass gas and lamp reflectors or radiators, as modifi-
cations of the shape shown in the annexed Drawings, when composed of
and in a piece with the chimney or globe as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Cruikshank Pulford, have
hereunto set my hand and scal, this Fourth day of October,
in tho ycar of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-
five.