Improvements in Joints or Couplings for Pipes.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 20th June, 1890-Accepted, 25th Oct., 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Joints or Couplings for Pipes.
I, WILLIAM RICHARDSON of Saint John's Street Mansfield in the County of
Nottingham Managing Director of the Meadow Foundry Company Limited Mansfield
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to a new system of joints or couplings or mode of making the
joints in pipes or tubes of cast or wrought iron or other material and their connections
with india rubber or other suitable material for hot or cold water steam rain water
conducting soil discharge sewer ventilating and for other purposes where perfectly
tight and sound joints are required.
The object being to provide ready and simple means of connecting and securing
together tightly rigidly and soundly the ends of pipes tubes or their connections
having one or both ends quite plain whether cast or wrought plain or subsequently cut
so as to leave the end or ends plain thereby also providing means of using up waste
pieces and of making sound joints where pipes have to be cut to exact making up
lengths and which shall admit of the connected pipes tubes or connections being set
in any position before screwing up by allowing the complete rotation on its own axis
of each pipe tube or connection.
To carry out this invention 1 employ various alternative methods or modifications
to suit varied circumstances as shown by the accompanying drawings. Where the
plain or cut end of the pipe as shown is intended to form the male or spigot end
(the invention however applies equally to the female or faucet end).
I adopt the same form and shape in the female or faucet end as shown in the
drawings accompanying my Specification, 8967,-1884, for which Letters Patent
have been granted and as shown in the accompanying drawings at H. on the end
of the pipe E. Figs. 1. 2. and 4. and which may he of two or more different
diameters internally as provided for in my former Specification the internal shape
of the female or faucet end being immaterial for the purposes of my present invention
as it must be understood that I do not confine myself to the shapes of the male or
spigot ends shown in the accompanying drawings or their positions on the pipes
which may be made to correspond with the internal form of the female or faucet
end to which it has to be joined. Fig. 1. shows the completo joint in section for a
single plain end pipe by a female end of pipe E and male end of pipe F. bolted
together in two different ways and also male end alone with the provision attached
for coupling or jointing in elevation A represents a separate collar or ring, which
forms the seating and which presses the india rubber or other material G against
the corresponding seating in the female or faucet end, to secure this rigidly on the
plain end of the pipe I make it with the internal diameter tapered as shown the
largest diameter being farthest away from the end of the pipe, in rear of this l'employ.
a serrated or spiked flange or collar B having any number of serrations or spikes.
or such flange or collar B may have the tapered portion Cextended wholly around:
the pipe instead of the serrations or points C, the internal smallest diameter of the
said flange or collar B must be sufficiently large to pass over the pipe to be joined
freely, the outside diameter of the serrations or spikes or the plain fapered portion
in place of serrations is tapered to correspond with the internal diameter of the
seating collar or ring A which when driven or drawn "home" by the bolts, wedges
the seating collar or ring A firmly on the pipe and to secure a firmer grip to the
pipe the outside of such serrated points or spikes C and the corresponding inside
part of the collar or ring A may be threaded as described and shown Fig. 4. which

page_text: being tapered the more the collar or ring A is screwed on to the serrations C the
tighter will be the grip or lateral pressure on the pipe. To give greater elasticity to tho
flange or collar B if found desirable the flange or collar B may be severed right
through transversely or partially so at any point say for instance X to X. For the
purpose of securing the male eud of the one pipe to the female end of the other
pipe EI form the flange or collar B with one or more lugs D with holes or slots
through corresponding with holes or slots in lugs in the female end, the two being
drawn together by any ordinary bolts and nuts or cotiers after the manner shown at
Jor I employ the flange or collar B with the extended portion extending either
wholly or partially round the pipe of a similar radius to or slightly less than the
radius or measurement from centre of pipe to inside the bolt hole in lug D as shown
at I in section, such portion I of the flange or collar B being at the rear approxi-
mately square for a portion of its depth with the axis of the pipe or it may be
recessed at the rear as provided for in my Specification 8967, 1884, Fig. 2. of the
drawings filed with such former Specification in which case I use a hook bolt K as
shown Fig. 1. in the accompanying drawings or with the hook of such bolt to
correspond with such recessed rear of flange or collar B as before described the
position of the hook bolt being reversed where the lug D is on the male or
spigot end of the pipe and the extended collar I. on the female or faucet end of the
pipe such hook bolt K. Fig. 1 and its modification being provided for in my former
Specification referred to and as shown in the drawings filed with same at Figs. 5 and 2.
It will be observed that when the bolts and nuts J or K. Fig. 1. are screwed up
the two seatings are drawn together thereby making the joint and that the more
these are screwed up the tighter is the collar or ring A secured to the pipe by the
wedging and leverage of the serrations or spikes on the flange or collar B. If
found necessary in any of the modifications I employ a thin ring U of a slightly
larger diameter internally than the external diameter of the pipe so as to pass freely
on same and externally of sufficient diameter to cover the interstice or "
between the internal diameter of the seating S and external diameter of pipe F.
play" left
In Fig. 2. 1 show the same female or faucet end of the pipo as in Fig. 1. and also
the same seating collar or ring A but instead of the complete flange or collar B with
the lugs D or plain ring as I employ two or more separate lugs D with wedged
serrations or spikes corresponding with the lug D and serrations or spikes
Fig. 1. or I employ a wedge hook bolt in place of the separate wedge lugs D
shown at M in one side of the pipe in section thereby dispensing with the wedge
lug D which when driven or drawn home as before described has a similar effect
to the flange or collar B Fig. 1. with the addition in case of the wedge lug D
that the serrated point or spike acts as a lever or cam by bearing against the pipe more
firmly in proportion as the bolts and nuts are screwed up; or I form indentations or
notches in the pipe which may be continued the whole length of the pipe or only
partially so and either cast or formed with the pipe as manufactured or subsequently
made thereon to act as stops or catches for the points or spikes of lug D and other
modifications to bear against and to prevent the said lug D and other modifications and
seating collar or ring A being drawn forward when screwing up should such be found
necessary. Or, to give further support to the lug D together with or independently
of the wedge of the serration or spike C Fig. 1. 2. 3. as described for such wedging
provision and to act as a levr or cam I construct the collar or ring A with two
or more pairs of lugs or supports O Fig. 3. with holes or slots at the sides and wide
enough apart to take the wedge lug D between them. On such wedge lug D
I construct a projecting pin P on each side which may be round or any other shape
corresponding with but by preference smaller than the slots in the sides of lugs O
on collar or ring A as shown in Fig. 3. such lugs D lugs or supports O and pins P
being shown in elevation and plan.
ALS
It must be understood that the wedge lugs D in Figs. 2 and 3 may either have
holes or slots through as shown and described, for ordinary bolts and nuts, or may
be of less projection from the periphery of the pipe as represented at I Fig. 1: and

page_text: either approximately square at back or recessed as described for Fig. 1. .nsing hook
bolts as before described for screwing or drawing up the joint.
Fig. 4. shows the searing collar or ring A with the wedge-shaped serrations
or spikes C as described and provided for in my former Specification No. 8967,
1884 and shown in the drawings accompanying same Fig. 8. The seating collar
or ring A Fig 4. in the accompanying drawings 1 construct with a thread on
the outside of the tapered or wedge shaped serrations or spikes C as shown and
which may consist of any number of serrations or spikes or be continued wholly
round without any serrations or spikes and the flange or collar B I construct with a
corresponding thread internally and which being tapered internally to correspond
with the taper or wedge shape of the serrations or spikes C when screwed on to the
latter after being fixed in position on the pipe to be joined causes the seating collar
or ring A with the serrations or spikes C to grip the pipe rigidly and securely.
Such seating collar or ring A with or without serrations or spikes C may be wholly
or partially severed or split at any point say for instance as shown at N. to give
greater elasticity and consequently a firmer grip to the pipe to be joined. Lever
holes as shown may be formed on the periphery of the collar or ring A and flange or
collar B for the purpose of applying force in screwing the one on to the other or any
other suitable means may be adopted. Such flange or collar B has either the lugs D
for ordinary bolts or cotters or the extended collar I for hook bolts or bolts of a like
clipping nature. Or as in Fig. 5 I form the seating collar or ring A either in one
complete circle severed at N, or in two or more parts of a circle or other shape required
to, correspond with the pipe to be joined being severed as shown at N and joined
together by any ordinary means such as boli and nut or pin and cotter or other
suitable-means, lugs Q being provided for this purpose as shown.
The complete seating collar or ring A. with lugs or two or more parts forming such
seating collar or ring A when put together have the internal diameter approximately
similar to the external diameter or shape of the pipe to be joined.
The lugs may be utilised for the same purpose as lugs D. Fig 1. &c. namely for
securing together the joining pipes having bolt holes or slots through or such lugs D
may be formed independently of and in addition to such lugs Qand consist of two or more
Jugs as before described or a projecting continuing flange may be used as shown at R
either as part of A or separate from A forming an independent flange or collar if
desired extending wholly or partially or at intervals round the pipe to be joined and
which is applicable to the various other modifications shown either approximately
square at back or recessed employing a hook bolt as before described and as shown.
Such separate flange or collar R Fig. 5. or I in the other drawings which represents
the same thing may consist either of a plain ring externally and internally the internal
being approximately of the external diameter of the pipe and the external diameter
suitable for the use of hook or similar, bolts as described or the internal diameter may
be larger than the pipe as shown at V Fig. 8. and projections W formed therein for
the purpose of bearing against the collars A or B Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 as in like
manner where the internal diameter is not enlarged and also for passing spaces and pro-
jections corresponding with such projections and spaces or notches V and W on any of
the seating collars or rings A or flanges or collars B or lugs D or Q which when having
passed such spaces or notches and projections by being partially turned on its axis the
internal projections in collars I or R are brought in contact with the rear of the
external projections on A. B. D. or Q and bear against the same for the purpose of
drawing up the joint such collars I or R in the various forms described may be divided
after the manner shown at N. in collar A Fig. 5 or may consist of two or more parts
joined together either as described for the like provision for A or by any other suitable
means and so enable the smaller internal diameter of such collars I or it to be placed
in rear of the larger external diameters or projections of A.D B or Q and may also
have one or more external projecting pieces on the periphery of the collars I or R
where found more convenient for the attachment of the hook or like bolt. Fig. 5 shows
the lug D shown in Fig. 1. in combination with lug Q in elevation and plan and also
the continuing flange or collar R with the hook bolt as described.

page_text: In the various modifications of my invention the drawings only show the invention
as applied to the male or spigot end of the pipe as regards the forming of the joint
with one or two plain end pipes by separate parts, but it must be understood that the
various modifications of my invention for connecting up plain end pipes apply equally
o the female or faucet end of the pipe or pipes where it is found more convenient to
connect a separate faucet to the plain end of the pipe for connecting up to the male or
spigot end either as shown in my various modifications in the accompanying drawings
or as in my before named former Specification where the collar or ring A flange or
collar B and the extended portion I Fig. 1. or the lug D forms part of and is cast or
wrought with the pipe and which is represented at A in half section Fig. 7 combining
collar or ring A flange or collar B and extended collar I Fig. 1. and forming an
integral part of the pipe and although the said female or faucet end is only shown in
the drawings and described as applying to a single plain end pipe it must be under-
stood that the various modifications apply equally to two plain end pipes two examples
will suffice to show how this may be done as shown by the half section Fig. 6 which
is a duplicate of Fig. 1. having a double seated faucet S. S. such faucet may be mado
of any other shape having the same object. Fig. 7. shows the double seated
faucet S S. in combination with the lug D having a hole or slot through for the
purpose of holding the bolt or other provision in position when required to join two
male or spigot end pipes without lugs on same whether in separate parts as shown in
the various modifications in the accompanying drawings or with the collar or ring A
flange or collar B and extended collar I Fig. 1. in combination with the pipo as
provided for in my said former Specification and which is represented at A Fig. 7. in
the accompanying drawings. In this case I use two or more plain loose clips or
straps through which the bolt or cotter passes which being screwed or drawn up draws
the two seatings A to the packings G Fig. 1. and corresponding seatings of double
faucet S. S. thereby making the joint. Such clips or straps T may be used with any
of the other modifications where the lugs D are not employed and bolts with both
ends screwed may be used or with right and left hand threads with lever
holes in or flats on the centre portion for the purpose of turning such bolt and
screwing up.
It must be further understood that although the various modifications of the
seating collar or ring A show them fitting or bearing directly on the pipe without
any packing between them they may in each case be used with a packing of any
yielding material where desired for the purpose of securing a firmer grip or lateral
pressure on the pipe and more effectually securing the soundness of the joint. Such
seating collars or rings may be continued to the end of the pipe or beyond it or
simply have a thin lining extending around the pipe to or beyond the end where
desired.
The seating S shown Figs. 1. 2. 4. 6 and 7. of the female or faucet end whether
forming part of or separate from the pipe may be fixed on the pipe either as shown
Figs 1. 2. 4. projecting beyond the end of the pipe, or flush with the end of the pipe,
or may be set back leaving the end of the pipe projecting, and so forming a cup for
the packing G, Fig. 1. in which cases it will readily be understood that the male or
spigot ends in the various modifications would be altered in shape so far as regards
the μοι tion forming the seating and position on the pipe, to correspond with such
varied shape of, or position on, the pipe of the female or faucet end, whether the
collar or ring A, flange or collar B, or extended collar 1, forming such male or spigot
end be separately made and mechanically attached to the pipe, or cast or wrought
with the pipe, forming an integral part of same, in order to make a sound joint
when screwed up, suitable bolts and nuts being used as required in each case as
described the ordinary bolt may be used where lugs D are on both male and female
ends the hook bolts or bolts of a like nature being used where lugs D are only on
one end whether on the female or male end.
It must also be understood that I do not confine myself to any particular material
in the construction of the various modifications of my invention any suitable
materials may be used to carry out the intentions of my invention.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion which may be taken to some extent as an extension of or additions to my Speci-
fication No. 8967, 1884, portions of which are shown in my present drawings to
explain my present invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I
declare that what I claim is :-
1. The manufacture and employment of the seating collar or ring A Figs. 1.
and 2. having the internal diameter tapered wholly around or partially so and either
screwed or threaded internally or not substantially as set forth and described.
2. The manufacture and employment of the flange or collar B with any number
of serrations or points or continued wholly around the pipe without such serrations
of a similar taper or shape externally to the internal diameter of the collar or ring A
whether screwed externally or plain and either or wholly or partially severed or not
severed and either with lug D or only with the extended collar 1 for the purpose of
wedging the collar A on the pipe or for securing the said collar by means of the
tapered serrated points C or continued plain part in place of the said serrations as
described pressing on the pipe either by leverage or by the pressure caused by
screwing the collar or ring A on to the tapered serrations or continued plain part
representing C and also the employment of the hook bolt K. in conjunction with the
extended collar 1 in the various modifications or with the lug D Fig. 2. without holes
or slots and also the various forms of applying the collar I either as a separate or
distinct collar or in combination with the various other parts substantially as set forth
and described.
3. The manufacture and employment of the separate lugs D for the like purposes as
described in claim 2. substantially as set forth and described.
4. The manufacture and employment of the wedge hook bolt M. Fig. 2. for a like
purpose substantially as set forth and described.
5. The manufacture and employment of the seating collar or ring A Fig. 4 having
the external tapered end C screwed or threaded whether with serrations as shown or
continued round the pipe plain that is without such serrations and whether severed or
not and the employment of the flange or collar B with the internal diameter tapered
and screwed to correspond with the tapered part of A either with lugs D or the
extended collar I for the purpose before described in claim 2. and which said collar or
ring A. and flange or collar B may have holes in or other means for screwing the one
on to the other substantially as set forth and described.
6. The manufacture and employment of the seating collar or ring A Fig. 3. with
supporting lugs O and the separate lugs D with pins P. either for ordinary bolts or
cotters or hook bolts as shown and described for the like purposes as in claim 2.
namely to wedge the collar or ring A on the pipe or to secure same by leverage or
cam pressure substantially as set forth and described.
7. The manufacture and employment of the collar or ring A Fig. 5. divided in one
or more parts as shown at N or in a similar manner having a like object and joined in
such divided part or parts in manner shown or in any other suitable manner and either
with the lugs Qutilised for the purposes of lugs D or with additional lug or lugs D
for ordinary bolts or cotters or the extended portion R (corresponding with I in the
other modifications) for hook or similar bolts such extended portion R being either
continued wholly or partially round the collar or ring A or with a separate collar R
with or without lugs or bolt holes the said separate extended collars R (or I as described
in the other modifications, representing the same thing) being applicable to the various
other modifications of my invention and may be in one part divided or in two or more
parts and joined together by any ordinary means or may have plain projections on the
periphery for the attachment of hook or similar bolts or with internal projections as
and for the purposes substantially as set forth and described.
8. The manufacture and employment of the double female or faucet seating with or
without lugs D and the clips or straps T and the thin ring U as shown Fig. 6 and 7.
and which may be applied to the various modifications substantially as set forth and
described.

page_text: 9. The manufacture and employment of the various methods or modifications or
such other forms of the same having a like object both for the male and female ends
of plain pipes namely movable seatings A and the various accessories as described or
in any other form having a like object either in combination with such accessories or
in separate parts and secured to the pipe or pipes mechanically in any positions in the
manners described or in any other manner having a like object substantially as set forth
and described
10. The production and employment of indentations or notches on the pipe for
the whole length or only partially so as and for the purpose set forth and described.
Tuna 10th 1900
W. RICHARDSON,
Saint John's Street, Mansfield.