IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS AND APPARATUS USED In the Manufacture of CemeNT.”
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Goreham, of Gally Hill, Swanscombe,
in the County of Kent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
KILNS AND APPARATUS USED In the Manufacture of CemeNT.”
KILNS AND Apparatus used in the Manufacture of CeMENT.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Goreham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st February 1873.
I, WILLIAM GOREHAM, of Gally Hill, Swanscombe, in the County of
Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN KILNS AND APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in kilns and apparatus
used in the manufacture of cement. For this purpose I employ a series
of kilns arranged as described in the Specification of a former Patent
granted to me on the 30th day of September 1871 (No. 2588) in such

page_text: manner that the gases led off from the top of one kiln are conducted to
the lower part of the kiln next to it, the gases being by preference led
off from the burning material in the one kiln by an assemblage of tubes
dipping down into it, as therein described. I prefer the kilns in a circle,
but they may be placed in an oblong or rectangular form, and on each
side of this series of kilns so formed I construct store chambers or
tunnels. The top of the roof of the store chambers or tunnels is formed
into a platform at a suitable level for supplying the kilns with material
to be burned. In the central space enclosed by the series of kilns and
store chambers, or it might be an annular kiln or other assemblage of
kilns, I place the grinding apparatus for grinding the burnt cement and
the engine for driving such apparatus. The cement after it has been
burnt in any one of the kilns is withdrawn from the lower part of the
kiln into the inner store chamber or tunnel, and is carried up from
thence by an endless carrying band or clevator, and delivered to the
hopper of the grinding apparatus, and in order that this endless travelling
band or clevator may be brought into position for taking away the
cement from any one or other of the kilns it is constructed so that its
upper end is capable of being swivelled around the grinding machine
and apparatus, whilst its lower end can be brought opposite to any
desired part of the inner store chamber or tunnel, and passed into it
through openings formed for the purpose.
The cement as it is ground by the grinding apparatus falls into a
receiver, from which it is raised by preference by a wheel or endless
chain of buckets, and delivered into a tube inclining downwards into the
store chamber or tunnel, and is delivered there by it into casks or sacks
or any convenient apparatus for storing. The tube is caused to revolve
slowly, so that the material shall gradually be caused to travel down it,
and in order to cool the cement as it is thus being conveyed away jets of
air or water may be directed against the exterior of the tube, or it may
be surrounded by a water or air casing, or a stream of air may be passed
through the interior of the tube.
In order that the cement may be thoroughly mixed together as it is
ground I prefer two or more sets of grinding stones or apparatus to
deliver the material ground by them into one receiver, from which it is
taken by one lifting wheel or any convenient lifting apparatus, and

page_text: delivered to the revolving pipe or pipes for conveying it away to the spot
at which it is to be stored, or the elevating wheel may be dispensed with
and a revolving pipe may be connected direct to each pair of stones or
grinding apparatus.
For the purpose of drying the slip previous to its being burnt in the
kilns, instead of employing circulating revolving plates to carry the slip
around drying flues, as mentioned in my former Patent, No. 2588, I
form chambers for drying the slip around the side of the kiln with
openings into the kiln, also a series of shelves a short distance apart in
the interior of the dome of the kiln, on which I place the slip to be
dried, and by preference I cause the heated gases or the products of
combustion to escape through openings between these shelves, and pass
up chimneys provided for that purpose on the exterior of the dome.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Goreham in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 21st August 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
GOREHAM, of Gally Hill, Swanscombe, in the County of Kent, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said William Goreham, Her special
license that I, the said William Goreham, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Goreham, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
KILNS AND APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Goreham, my

page_text: executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Goreham, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in kilns and apparatus
used in the manufacture of cement. For this purpose I employ a series
of kilns arranged as described in the Specification of a former Patent
granted to me on the 30th day of September 1871 (No. 2588) in such
manner that the gases led off from the top of one kiln are conducted
to the lower part of the kiln next to it, the gases being by preference
led off from the burning material in the one kiln by an assemblage of
tubes dipping down into it, as therein described. I prefer to arrange
the kilns in a circle, but they may be placed in an oblong or rectangular
form, and on each side of the series of kilns so formed I construct store
chambers or tunnels. The top of the roof of these store chambers or
tunnels is formed into a platform at a suitable level for supplying the
kilns with material to be burned. In the central space enclosed by the
series of kilns and store chambers, or it might be an annular kiln or
other assemblage of kilns, I place the grinding apparatus for grinding
the burnt cement, and the engine for driving such apparatus. The
cement after it has been burnt in any one of the kilns is withdrawn
from the lower part of the kiln into the inner store chamber or tunnel,
and is carried up from thence by an endless carrying band or elevator
and delivered to the hopper of the grinding apparatus, and in order
that this endless travelling band or elevator may be brought into
position for taking away the cement from any one or other of the
kilns it is constructed so that its upper end is capable of being swivelled
around the grinding machine and apparatus, whilst its lower end can
be brought opposite to any desired part of the inner store chamber or
tunnel, and passed into it through openings formed for the purpose.
The cement as it is ground by the grinding apparatus falls into a

page_text: receiver from which it is raised by preference by a wheel or endless
chain of buckets, and delivered into a tube inclining downwards into
the store chamber or tunnel, and is delivered there by it into casks,
or sacks, or any convenient apparatus for storing. The tube is caused
to revolve slowly so that the material shall gradually be caused to
travel down it, and in order to cool the cement as it is thus being
conveyed away jets of air or water may be directed against the exterior
of the tube, or it may be surrounded by a water or air casing, or a stream
of air may be passed through the interior of the tube.
In order that the cement may be thoroughly mixed together as it
is ground I prefer two or more sets of grinding stones or apparatus
to deliver the material ground by them into one receiver, from which
it is taken by one lifting wheel or any convenient lifting apparatus
and delivered to the revolving pipe or pipes for conveying it away
to the spot at which it is to be stored; or the elevating wheel may
be dispensed with, and a revolving pipe may be connected direct to
each pair of stones or grinding apparatus.

page_text: the reverse direction. One only of these flues is in use at a time,
and the other is temporarily stopped. It is however sometimes used
as a passage for the workmen when from bad management the material
scaffolds in the kiln the workman from this passage introduces rods
through openings in the side of the kiln, and so breaks down the
obstruction. Access is obtained to the flue passages b, b, by removing
a tile with which the upper end of each is covered, and when it is
desired to stop the action of the fluc it is closed by the insertion of
an iron plate; c and d are outer and inner tunnels or chambers passing
around the series of kilns; they serve as store chambers, the outer
tunnel being used to store the ground cement when it is ready for
the market, and the inner tunnel being used for the temporary storage
of the burnt cement before it has been ground. These tunnels c and d
also (and this is an important advantage resulting from their use) form
the base of a wide platform or area e, e, which is necessary for the
convenient working of the kilns. On this platform or area is a tram-
way ff, to convey the fuel to the kilns, and also a conduit 9 for the
conveyance of the cement materials when in the "slip" or mud form;
h is an apparatus such as is described in my former Specification; it
can be raised and lowered in the kiln by means of suspending chains;
the apparatus consists of a series of tubes about 10 inches apart, and
cach about 6 feet in length, and from 1 inch to 2½ inches in diameter;
they are arranged in concentric rings and nearly equidistant the one

page_text: the apparatus (the "slip" in its moist state being impervious to their
draught), and they are allowed to escape at the open top of the kiln.
In this way the slip surrounding the pipes of the apparatus is partially
dried and set from time to time. The apparatus h is raised as the
drying proceeds, soon the fuel in the kiln ignites, and from time to time
other layers of fuel and slip are sent down into the kiln until the
loading is complete. The apparatus is then raised into the domed
top a of the kiln, and so there being no more slip to dry the heat of the
escaping gases rises rapidly. The top of the kiln is now closed, and
these heated gases are directed into the next kiln of the series in which
the loading has been commenced in the manner already described, and
as is set forth in the Specification of my former Patent already referred
to. The employment of the apparatus / is not essential to my present
Invention, but I prefer to make use of it. When the burning is
complete the contents of the kiln are left to cool, and when sufficiently
cool they are drawn into the tunnel d. The burnt cement is conveyed
to the grinding apparatus, which is shewn at i in the centre of the
space enclosed by the kilns by means of an endless travelling band k
which delivers the material into the hopper of the grinding apparatus i.
The millstones deliver the material when ground into the inclined pipe l,
which being rotated causes the cement to run through it, and it is
delivered in the outer tunnel c, and is at once packed for the market or
is laid in a heap for store. Both the travelling band % and the delivering
pipe can be shifted around the series of kilns from opening to opening,
so that movement of the cement from place to place by hand labor is
almost entirely avoided. This may be done by providing separate
bearings and supports for the band and tube at each point where they
may be required, or this may be avoided as regards their inner or upper
ends by arranging the whole of the grinding apparatus upon a turntable,
or the upper part only of the mill may be arranged so to turn.
The way in which the cement is conveyed from the stones to the
delivering pipe is shewn at Figures 3, 4, and 5. Figure 3 is a plan
partly in section; Figure 4 is a transverse section; and Figure 5 is an
clevation, showing the apparatus with a part of its casing removed.
m, m, m, are three pairs of stones delivering the material by shoots m¹
into the casing n, in which revolves the wheel o with the lifting
buckets o¹ on its periphery. These buckets take up the ground cement
and drop it into the hopper p, and this opens into the end of the pipe 7.

page_text: What I claim is, the arrangement of kilns and apparatus used in the
manufacture of cement, substantially in the manner described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Goreham, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.