Improvements in Apparatus for Heating Liquids by Steam.
Year: 1898

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Heating Liquids by Steam.
I, HENRY JOHN WORSSAM, of Wenlock Road, City Road, in the County of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
When water or other liquid is heated by steam passing through pipes or coils
immersed in the liquid, calcareous or other matters become deposited on the pipes
often forming hard crusts which seriously interfere with the conduction of the heat
to the liquid.
My invention relates to means of preventing the formation of such crusts by
keeping the heating pipes in motion and wiping off the encrusting matter as it
is deposited.
My invention may be applied to various arrangements of heating pipes as I
shall describe referring to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a vertical section shewing the invention applied to a helically coiled pipe,
Fig. 2 is a section and Fig. 3 is a part plan shewing it applied to branches from
radial pipes. Fig. 4 is a section. Fig. 5 is an elevation and Fig. 6 is a plan shewing
it applied to a set of circular pipes, and Fig. 7 is a section and Fig. 8 a plan
shewing it applied to a spiral pipe.
Referring first to Fig. 1, a vertical pipe A supplied with steam through a union
at a has a branch a' leading to a helically coiled pipe B from which a branch a²
leads into the lower part of the pipe A which is separated by a partition a³ from
the upper part, so that the steam has to pass through the coil from which water
of condensation passes away by a union at. In the tank C containing the liquid to
be heated are mounted two pulleys or chain wheels D round which passes a band
or chain carrying brushes E spaced apart at intervals equal to those of the
convolutions of the coil. The coil is caused to revolve while the liquid is being
heated, and the brushes E are caused by the helix to travel, the outer surface of the
pipe being thus brushed as matter is deposited on it from the liquid.
As shewn in Figs. 2 and 3 the steam pipe A has four radial branches F each made
in two compartments separated by a horizontal partition. Pipes B branch from the
upper compartment to bends 6 whence pipes B₁ return to the lower compartment.
On each of the pipes B and B¹ there is fitted to revolve a pinion 6¹ connected by a
scraping blade 62 or several of these to a ring 63 which is also fitted to revolve on
the pipe. One of the pinions 61, all of which gear together, is geared to a pinion
on an axis which is mounted in bearings on the lower side of the branch F and
which has on it a star wheel G engaging with a piece of spiral rail g fixed on the
bottom of the tank. There may be several of these pieces of rail, or one rail may
extend continuously around the axis of A. The pipe A being caused to revolve
carrying round with it the branches F and their star wheels G, these are turned
tooth by tooth as they pass along the spiral rails g causing all the pinions 6 and
scraping blades 62 to revolve around the pipes B and B¹ scraping off matter as it is
deposited from the liquid.
As shewn in Figs. 4, 5 and 6 the steam pipe A has two branches F connected
through semicircular pipes B. To a bracket H are hinged a number of brushes E,
one for each of the successive pipes B which as these pipes revolve remove the
matter deposited on them.

page_text: As shewn in Figs. 7 and 8, the coil B instead of being helical as in Fig. 1, is
spiral, and the pulleys or chain wheels D are arranged so that the brushes E are
caused to travel horizontally as the spiral coil revolves.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
In apparatus for heating a liquid by steam, causing the pipes immersed in the
liquid to revolve while brushes or scraping blades move along their surfaces removing
deposit, substantially as described.
Dated this 19th day of January 1898.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.