EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLOUR, APPLICABLE IN PART TO OTHER
Year: 1879

page_text: <
LETTERS PATENT to William Nathan Dack, of Patricroft, in the County of
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of
EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLOUR, APPLICABLE IN PART TO OTHER
Tono
Sealed the 13th January 1880, and dated the 24th July 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Nathan Dack at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th July 1879.
WILLIAM NATHAN DACK, of Patricroft, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLOUR,
APPLICABLE IN PART TO OTHER USES."
My Invention relates in the first place to the roller mills employed in the
crushing of grain, and has for its object to render them better capable of with-
standing the strain upon their axles and other parts. To this end I mount the
axle blocks or boxes of the yielding rollers to swivel in slide blocks or carriages, and
I connect the said axle blocks or boxes, or the said slide blocks or carriages, by
means of links to the springs, or to compensating levers, or parts which are acted
upon by springs, and which are jointed to the regulating screws or abutments.
The fixed axle boxes or blocks may or may not be arranged to swivel in order that
they may adjust themselves to the axles. In some or in all cases I employ hollow
axles, in order to lessen their tendency to break. My Invention relates in the
second place to the disintegrators employed in the manufacture of flour, and is
also applicable to disintegrators otherwise employed. To secure the pins in the
disc I form double pins in one piece with a collar which fits in a hole which is
bored in the disc, the length of the said collar being equal or about equal to the
thickness of the disc. Plates or rings drilled to pass on to the pins are bolted or
secured to each side of the disc, and serve to retain the pins in position. Broken
or damaged pins can be replaced by removing the rings on one or both sides
of the disc. The pins may be secured by means of a ring, or of rings applied
to one side only of the disc, the holes in the disc being countersunk to receive the
said collars. Stationary pins are similarly fixed in either two or three rings as may
be preferred. In another formation the revolving disc is formed with bell mouthed
or beveled slots, which act in concert with deflecting ridges on the sides of the
077

page_text: casing to effect the disintegration. In an arrangement constituting a double
disintegrator three revolving discs are employed. The outer discs are each formed
with hollow trunnions, through which the spindle of the central disc passes, and are
each provided with a driving pulley and formed with feed openings. The said
outer discs are connected by marginal pins, studs, or parts which pass across the edge
of the central disc. I mount the spindles or shafts of disintegrators in bearings
which are arranged to swivel so as to be self-adjusting. In the arrangement which
I consider to be suitable I provide each bearing with trunnions, and I mount a pair
of bearings by their trunnions in a frame which is also formed with trunnions, or is
otherwise so mounted in or upon blocks or bearers secured to the foundation as to
be free to swivel, and I fix the driving pulley upon the part of the shaft which
extends between the two bearings of the said pair. In lieu of the said frame two
side cheeks or bearers may be employed. A corresponding arrangement, either
entire or with the exception of the driving pulley, is employed on each side of the
disc so that the shaft revolves in four bearings, but the fixed points of support are
only in two places in the length of the shaft. This part of my Invention may be
employed in the mounting of the shafts of other rapidly revolving bodies. In the
cases of the disintegrators having discs formed with cells, I cast or form the cells in
plates or rings which are riveted or secured to the disc and can be replaced when
damaged without removing, the disc from the shaft. In all cases I prefer to employ
hollow spindles for the disintegrators. A third part of my Invention has for its
principal object to remove the heated air which accompanies the meal from the
grinding or disintegrating apparatus. I employ a rapidly revolving filtering
cylinder, which is formed of gauze or of perforated steel or metal, and is covered
with flannel or other suitable filtering material. The air is exhausted from within
the cylinder by means of a fan or exhausting apparatus, whereby the heated air is
withdrawn from the meal through the flannel or material, the centrifugal action
repelling the particles of ground grain. In the arrangement which I now prefer
the said filtering cylinder is mounted within the first dressing silk or cylinder, and
is provided with a perforated metal case to which are fixed comparatively narrow
screw blades; I may fix pins to the interior of the silk cylinder. The meal is
introduced through an annular passage which surrounds the central shaft, and is
acted upon by pins upon the ends of the silk and filtering cylinders. The feeding
neck may be increased in diameter by steps, and may have a preparatory dressing
action. The said screw-blades may be used in dressing machines to which 'the said
filtering cylinder is not applied.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Nathan Dack in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 23rd
January 1880.
WILLIAM NATHAN DACK, of Patricroft, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLOUR,
APPLICABLE IN PART TO OTHER USES."
My Invention relates in the first place to the roller mills employed in the
crushing of grain, and has for its object to render them better capable of with-
standing the strain upon their axles and other parts. To this end I mount the
axle-blocks or boxes of the yielding rollers to swivel in slide blocks or carriages,
and I connect the said axle-blocks or boxes, or the said slide-blocks or carriages, by
means of links to the springs, or to compensating levers or parts which are acted
upon by springs, and which are jointed to the regulating screws or abutments.
The fixed axle-boxes or blocks may or may not be arranged to swivel in order that
they may adjust themselves to the axles. In some or in all cases I employ hollow
axles to lessen their tendency to break. My Invention relates in the second place
to the disintegrators employed in the manufacture of flour, and is also applicable to
disintegrators otherwise employed. To secure the pins in the disc I form double
pins, each in one piece, with a collar which fits in a hole which is bored in the disc,
the length of the said collar being equal or about equal to the thickness of the disc.
Plates or rings drilled to pass on to the pins are bolted or secured to each side of
the disc and serve to retain the pins in position. The pins may be secured by
means of a ring or of rings applied to one side only of the disc, the holes in the disc
being countersank to receive the said collars. Stationary pins are similarly fixed
in either two or three rings as may be preferred. In an arrangement constituting
a double disintegrator three revolving discs are employed. The outer discs are
each formed with hollow trunnions, through which the spindle of the central disc
passes, and are provided with a driving pulley and formed with feed openings. I
mount the spindles or shafts of disintegrators in bearings which are arranged to
swivel so as to be self adjusting. This part of my Invention may be employed in
the mounting of the shafts of other rapidly revolving bodies. In the cases of the
disintegrators having discs formed with cells I cast or form the cells in plates or
rings which are riveted or secured to the disc, and can be replaced when damaged
without removing the disc from the shaft. In all cases I prefer to employ hollow
spindles for the disintegrators. A third part of my Invention has for its principal
object to remove the heated air which accompanies the meal from the grinding or
disintegrating apparatus. I employ a rapidly revolving filtering cylinder, which is
formed of gauze or of perforated steel or metal, and provided with screw blades,
and is covered with flannel or other suitable filtering material. The air is exhausted
from within the cylinder by means of a fan.
In order that my Invention may be fully understood I have attached hereunto
three Sheets of Drawings marked with letters of reference, corresponding marks
indicating the same parts in the various Figures. Referring to the said Drawings,
Fig. 1 drawn to a scale of about one inch to the foot represents a side elevation,
and Fig. 2 a plan of a roller-mill constructed in accordance with my Invention.
In the said Figs., A is the yielding roller and B is the bed roller, that is to say, the
roller which does not yield. The journals of the roller A are mounted in long
bearings which are fitted and arranged in the manner indicated by Figs. 3, 4, and 5,
which are drawn to a larger scale than Figs. 1 and 2. Each journal is fitted to
revolve in a lined bearing which is formed in a bolster c, the central part of which
is turned to a globular form. This bolster fits inside the two halves of a plummer-
block d, which is bored or shaped to fit the globular part of the said bolster,
which can thus swivel to some extent within the said block; pins e, e, prevent the

page_text: bolster from revolving within the plummer-block. The two halves of the plummer-
block are secured together by means of bolts f, and are each formed with a turned
collar upon which is mounted one end of a link which is bored to fit the said
collar. A turned boss on each of the said halves fits in a recess bored in one of a
pair of blocks h, h, which are fitted to slide in ways which are planed in the
framing of the machine. It will be seen that in addition to the facility for the
bolster to swivel in the plummer-block the latter is also free to swivel in the
links g, g, and in the block h upon an axis represented by the dotted line*. The
other ends of the two links g are hinged to the end of a laminated steel spring i,
which is concealed by the framing in Fig. 2, but is indicated by dotted lines. The
said spring is fixed by its centre in a box which is hinged at ¹ to the two cheeks
of a frame which is fitted to slide towards and from the roller A. When the
strain upon one end of the spring is greater than upon the other the spring turns
upon the fulcrum i', thus acting as a compensating lever. Each of the two ends of
this spring is connected by a pair of links with one of the two bearings of the
roller A. The resistance of the spring is regulated by means of a screw j, to
which is fixed to the sliding frame j' and which engages with a nut which is
fitted to revolve in a bearing formed in the framing. Upon the said nut is fixed a
worm-wheel with which gears a worm which is turned by means of a hand-wheel k
to regulate the said resistance. It will be seen that the pressure exerted by the
spring is communicated by the links and bearings to the roller A, and that the
unequal or non-parallel yielding of the said roller will not disturb the proper
working relations of the journals and bearings. I prefer to construct the bearings
of the roller B to be free to swivel as indicated in the Drawing, but I do not
confine myself to this. In the example caps are screwed upon the ends of the
bolster c to prevent the discharge of oil, excepting into a suitable receptacle formed
to receive it. I do not confine myself to the exact formation of the bearings so
long as they are arranged to swivel, nor to the manner of applying the pressure.
Fig. 6 illustrates an alternative arrangement wherein the links g are coupled to a
compensating lever n which receives the thrust of a volute spring. If preferred,
each bearing may be acted upon by a separate spring, or a weight or weights may
be used instead of the spring or springs. I make the axles hollow, as indicated in
Fig. 4, but I do not confine myself to so doing. The Figs. in Sheet 2 and Figs. 10
to 16 on Sheet 3 are illustrative of the second part of my Invention. In Sheet 2,
Fig. 7, drawn to a scale of about one and a half inches to the foot, and partly in
section, represent a side elevation; and Fig. 8 a plan of a disintegrator constructed
in accordance with this part of my Invention, and Fig. 9 represents a modification.
In Fig. 7 the revolving disc n is provided with pins which project from each side of
the disc. The method of fixing these pins is indicated by Fig. 14, wherein o is a
double pin which is formed with a central collar which fits in a hole drilled in the
disc n.
The length of this collar is about equal to the thickness of the disc.
Plates p, p, are drilled to slip on to the pins projecting from each side of the disc,
and are screwed, bolted, or secured to the said disc, and by bearing upon the said
collars keep the pins in place. These plates may be formed in sections or in
complete rings. Broken or damaged pins can be replaced by removing the ring or
rings, or plate or plates, on one or both sides of the disc or casing. Fig. 13
represents a modification wherein the collar is let into a countersunk recess in the
disc in which case only one retaining plate p is required. Figs. 12 and 15 indicate
methods for fixing the pins in discs which are provided with pins on one side only,
or for fixing pins in the fixed casings. In Fig. 7 the said fixed casings are formed
with corrugations or projections which act in concert with the pins. In Figs. 7 and
8 the spindle q is fitted to revolve in bearings formed in four bolsters or axle boxes
,,,, which are arranged in two pairs. A part of each of these bolsters is
turned to a globular form as in the first part of my Invention, and each of the pair
of bolsters is fitted in a correspondingly shaped recess formed partly in a gimbal-
frames and partly in a cap u, which is secured by bolts to the frame and retains
the bolster in. position. The said frame is formed with two turned trunnions

page_text: which are mounted in pedestal bearings t which are secured to the foundation
framing of the machine. Each bolster being free to swivel in its bearing in the
frame on a vertical axis, and the said frame being 'free to swivel on a horizontal
axis, it will be seen that the bearings can accomodate themselves to all the
movements of the spindle. The spindle is driven by means of two pullies v, v, each
pulley being situated between the two bearings of a pair; but I may dispense with
one of these pullies. Tail-pins wat each end prevent endwise movements of the
spindle. In Fig. 9 the spindle is driven from one end only. The gimbal frame of
the disintegrator is illustrated on a larger scale by Figs. 10 and 11 which will
also serve to render more clear the description of Figs. 8 and 9, the frame 8 being
only varied in form. The forms of the bolsters or of axle-boxes 'or bearings substi-
tuted therefor may be varied so long as they are made to swivel, as for example,
they may be formed with trunnions or arranged to swivel upon pins instead of
being mounted in globular seatings. Fig. 9 also illustrates an arrangement wherein
three revolving discs are employed. The central disc n is fixed to the spindle and
receives motion through the strap pulley v. Each of the outer discs xx₁ is formed
with a 'trunnion which is fitted to revolve in a bearing formed in one of the 'parts
of an outer casing y, Upon the trunnion of the disc' is fixed a strap pulley z
by means of which the said disc is driven. The central disc is smaller in diameter
than the outer discs, and an outer circle of pins o extends from one to the other of
the outer discs being fixed in both. This connecting circle of pins transmits motion
to the disc a. In the example the pins o are also fixed in a ring composed of three
plates which surrounds the disc, but this may be varied. Feed openings a¹ are
formed in the outer discs and feed hoppers 6' are formed in the casing y. It will
be understood that the 'central disc revolves in a direction contary to that of the
others. I may extend the trunnions of the disc x to receive a pulley so as to drive
each disc directly, in which case the connecting pins o may or may not be used.
In the example the spindle revolves in three bearings only, 'one bearing being
mounted to swivel in a fixed pedestal c¹. This arrangement may be employed in
the cases of disintegrators otherwise constructed as regards the other parts of the
apparatus. Fig. 16 illustrates the improvement in the construction of disinte-
grators in which the discs are formed with cells, as for example, in the case of
Greenhill's disintegrator. In this example the said cells are cast or formed in blocks,
plates, rings, or sections d', d', which are bolted, screwed, riveted, or secured to the
sides of the disc. When one of the parts d' becomes, broken or damaged it can be
replaced without removing the disc from the spindle. In all of the examples I
employ hollow spindles for the disintegrators as indicated in Fig. 16, without
however confining myself to such use. The remaining Figures illustrate the third
part of my Invention, Fig. 17 representing a longitudinal section of one end of a
dressing machine, and Fig. 18 a cross section of the same. In the said Figs. e¹ is
the first dressing silk or cylinder lined with the usual material. From the frame-
work pins f project inwards towards the central axis. The said cylinder is
provided at each end with a hollow gudgeon which is fitted to revolve in a suitable
bearing. One gudgeon is seen at g¹; the other gudgeon, not seen in the Drawing,
is extended to receive a driving pulley through which the cylinder receives the
revolving motion. A central shaft h' is mounted within the cylinder and passing
through the said hollow gudgeons is mounted in suitable bearings. This shaft
carries a filtering cylinder / formed of perforated sheet metal or of gauze, and lined
or covered with flannel or with a suitable porous material. To the exterior of this
cylinder are fixed screw blades . On the end of the shaft, not seen, is fixed a
strap-pulley, and on the end seen is fixed a fan m¹ which revolves in a suitable
case as indicated by Fig. 19. A rapid revolving motion is communicated to the
cylinder k' whereby the screw blades are caused to separate the particles of meal
80 as to check agglomeration, and at the same time to propel the meal gradually
towards the delivery end of the machine. The rapid revolution of the fan induces
a current of air to flow through the said flannel or porous material, the air thus
withdrawn being conveyed to a stive room or being otherwise disposed of. The

page_text: centrifugal action of the filtering cylinder repels or checks the passage of particles
of ground grain through the filtering material. The pins f' may be dispensed with
if not considered to be necessary.
Having now fully set forth and indicated the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which I prefer to carry the same into practical effect, I would have
it to understood in conclusion that I claim,-
First. The combination of parts constituting the improved crushing mill as set
forth and indicated hereinbefore and in Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. Arranging the bearings in which shafts and spindles of crushing and
disintegrating machines revolve to swivel, substantially as and for the purpose set
forth and indicated.
Thirdly. The swivel bearings or axle boxes connected by links to the hinged spring
or to a compensating lever, substantially as set forth and indicated with reference
to Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings.
Fourthly. The method or methods of fixing the pins of disintegrators, substan-
tially as set forth and indicated.
Fifthly. Arranging the bearings of revolving shafts to swivel, and mounting them
in pairs upon gimbal-frames, substantially as set forth and indicated.
Sixthly. Constructing disintegrators with three revolving discs, substantially as
set forth and indicated.
Seventhly. Forming the cells of disintegrators in plates or parts which are secured
to the discs, substantially as and for the purpose set forth and indicated.
Eighthly. The use of hollow shafts and spindles in the cases herein indicated.
And, lastly. The dressing machine fitted with the filtering cylinder provided with
screw-blades and with a fan, substantially as and for the purpose set forth and
indicated.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Nathan Dack, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
said William Nathan Dack, the day
and year last above written in the
presence of
EDWARD K. DUTTON,
Agent for the Patentee,
St. Ann's Churchyard,
Manchester.
W. NN. DACK. (L.S.)