Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Jan., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 16th Nov., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 21st Dec., 1888
7444
We BENJAMIN SUART, of 24 Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London,
Merchant, and HARRY HANWELL, of Ditchling Potteries, Ditchling Common, in the
County of Sussex, Manager of Works, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
Our invention has reference primarily to roofing tiles and it consists in a special
construction of the same whereby the following advantages are obtained. The total
weight on the roof is reduced by about one-third; the blowing of water under the
overlapping portions of the tiles and then over the upper edge of the overlapped
portions is prevented; the admission of air between the overlapping and overlapped
portions is provided for and this prevents the rising of water between these portions
by suction or capillary attraction; the drifting of water up the joints of the tiles is
counteracted; the tiles interlock in such manner as to prevent displacement, no nails or
other like fastenings being required; and very little mortar or cement is necessary
if bedding is required.
In addition to the usual nibs or flange on the underside of their top edge for
catching on to the battens of the roof our improved tiles have a flange on the upper
side of their top edge and a transverse groove or recess across their under side about
3 inches from the top edge; these grooves or recesses in each row of tiles are to
receive or fit over the flanges on the top edges of the tiles which form the row next
below, and any water which may be blown up between the 2 rows of tiles is effectually
prevented from getting over the upper edge of the lower row; a little cement may
placed in the grooves or recesses for additional security.
be
Our improved tiles have 4, 6 or other suitable number of grooves starting from
the bottom edge and extending about 2 inches, more or less, up the inner face, and
tapering off at their upper end; these grooves serve to admit air between the
overlapping portions of the tiles and the over-lapped portions of the row below
and this effectually prevents water rising up by suction or capillary attraction between
these portions.

page_text: Our improved tiles have several interlocking parts. In the first place the transverse
grooves on the underside of one row of tiles and the flanges on the upper side of the
top edge of the row below, as already described, interlock and tend to prevent slipping
in case the usual under flanges or nibs get broken off. In the second place the side
edges of the tiles are made crooked, curved or cranked and fit into each other. In
the third place each tile is formed with a transverse nib or projection at the middle
of its underside near the bottom edge, and this nib or projection fits into
corresponding recesses made for the purpose in the upper face of the 2 tiles which
it overlaps, each tile overlapping 2 others in the ordinary break-joint manner.
The
recesses are preferably deepened below the bearing for the nibs or projections so that
any water that may tend to drift up the joints of the tiles may be stopped by the nibs
and entering the deeper part of the recesses may escape by an aperture made for
the purpose on to the tile next below. Further, the upper surface of the tiles are
made with channels leading into the recesses just described so as to carry off from
the upper part any water which may have forced itself up to the flange at the top
of the tile.
With our construction of tiles and the means of interlocking described, the tiles
need only overlap about inches instead of 6 inches or more which is necessary when
Broseley or other ordinary makes of tiles are employed and consequently the total
weight on the roof is reduced by at least one-third.
We have described the invention as applied to roofing tiles for which it
has been specially designed but the improved tiles can also be used as what
are known as hanging tiles, that is to say, for facing houses or other structures;
nails will however be desirable in this case to secure them to the battens.
Although we prefer that all the improvements described be embodied in our
improved tiles, it is evident that some of them may be adapted thereto without
the others.
L
1717 1
T
1000

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Roofing Tiles and Hanging Tiles.
We BENJAMIN SUART of 24 Queen Victoria Street in the City of London,
Merchant, and HARRY HANWELL, of Ditchling Potteries, Ditchling Common, in the
County of Sussex, Manager of Works, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :—
Our invention has reference primarily to roofing tiles, and it consists of a special
construction of the same, whereby the following advantages are obtained. The total
weight on the roof is reduced by about one-third; the blowing of water under the over-
lapping portions of the tiles and then over the upper edge of the overlapped portions
is prevented; the admission of air between the overlapping and overlapped portions
is provided for, and this prevents the rising of water between these portions by
suction or capillary attraction; the drifting of water up the joints of the tiles is
counteracted; the tiles interlock in such manner as to prevent displacement, no nails
or other like fastenings being required, and, if bedding is required, very little
mortar or cement is necessary.
In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is a front view and Figure 2 a back view
of a roofing tile constructed in accordance with this invention. Figure 3 is a side
view and Figure 4 a view of the top or upper edge of same. Figure 5 is a front
view on a smaller scale and Figure 6 a corresponding edge view, showing some of
our tiles applied to a roof.
a a
a a are the usual nibs or flanges on the under side of the top edge of the tiles
for catching on to the battens b b of the roof. In addition to these nibs or flanges
our improved tiles have a flange c on the upper side of their top edge and a transverse
groove or recess d across their under side about 3 inches froin the top edge; these
grooves or recesses d in each row of tiles are to receive or fit over the flanges con
the top edges of the tiles which form the row next below as seen in Figure 6, and
any water which may be blown up between the two rows of tiles is effectually
prevented from getting over the upper edge of the lower row; a little cement may
be placed in the grooves or recesses for additional security.
Our improved tiles have four, six, or other suitable number of grooves e e (six
are seen in Figure 2) starting from the bottom edge and extending about two inches,
more or less, up the inner face, and tapering off at their upper end; these grooves
serve to admit air between the overlapping portions of the tiles and the overlapped
portions of the row below, and this effectually prevents water rising up by suction or
capillary attraction between these portions.
Our improved tiles have several interlocking parts. In the first place the
transverse grooves d on the under side of one row of tiles, and the flanges c on the
upper side of the top edge of the row below as already described interlock
and tend to prevent slipping in case the usual under flanges or nibs a get
broken off.

page_text: In the second place the side edges of the tiles are made crooked, curved, or cranked
as shown, and fit into each other (see Figure 5); the side edges may, however, be
made straight. In the third place each tile is formed with a transverse nib or pro-
jection at the middle of its under side, and near the bottom edge, and this nib or
projection fits into corresponding recesses 9 g, made for the purpose in the upper
face of the two tiles which it overlaps, each tile overlapping two others in the ordinary
break-joint manner (see Figure 3). The recesses g g are preferably deepened as seen
at below the bearing for the nibs or projections, so that any water that may tend
to drift up the joints of the tiles may be stopped by the nibs f, and entering the
deeper part of the recesses may escape by an aperture i, made for the purpose onto
the tile next below.
Further, the upper surface of the tiles is made with channels kk, leading into the
recesses g, h, so as to carry off from the upper part any water which may have forced
itself up to the flange c at the top of the tile.
With our construction of tiles and the means of interlocking described the tiles need
only overlap about four inches instead of six inches or more which is, necessary when
Broseley or other ordinary makes of tile are employed, and consequently the total
weight on the roof is reduced by at least one-third.
We have described the invention as applied to roofing tiles, for which it has been
specially designed, but the improved tiles can also be used as what are known as
hanging tiles, that is to say for facing houses or other structures; nails will, however,
be desirable in this case, to secure them to the battens.
Although we prefer that all the improvements described be embodied in our
improved tiles, it is evident that some of them may be adapted thereto without
the others.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we claim in
respect of roofing tiles and hanging tiles is :-
1. The flange (c) on the upper side of the top edge of the tile in combination with
a transverse groove or recess (d) across the under side, this groove being
intended to fit over the flange (c) on the upper side of the tile or tiles in the
or course next below, substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore
described.
row
2. The grooves (ee) on the under side of the tile, starting from the bottom edge
and extending up a certain distance, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore
described.
3. The transverse nib or projection (f) at the middle of the under side of the tile
in combination with recesses (g g) in the upper face, these recesses being intended to
receive the nibs or projections (f) of the tiles in the row or course next above, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose herein before described.
4. The deepened portions or continuations (h h) of the recesses (g g) in com-
bination with the apertures (i i), substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore
described.
5. The improved tile hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying
drawings.