IMPROVE- MENTS RELATING TO MOULDS AND CORES FOR CASTING
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Yoolow Stewart, of Glasgow, in the County
of Lanark, North Britain, Ironfounder, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS RELATING TO MOULDS AND CORES FOR CASTING."
Sealed the 19th July 1864, and dated the 23rd January 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Yoolow Stewart
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd January 1864.
I, DAVID YOOLOW STEWART, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO MOULDS AND CORES FOR CASTING," to be as
follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the moulds and cores used for casting pipes, tubes,
columns, and similar hollow articles.
The improvements relating to moulds are applicable in cases wherein a
movable pattern is gradually shifted up or along as the mould is formed, and
consists in applying a cross head through which the spindle of the pattern
revolves, such cross head having ends sliding up or along a guide groove or
grooves or guiding surfaces in the mould box, so as to keep the pattern
steady and true.
The improvements relating to cores have reference more particularly to
those of comparatively small thickness as compared with their length, con-

page_text: siderable difficulty being experienced in keeping such, cores stiff and true
during the casting. By this Invention it is proposed to give the necessary
stiffness to such cores by stretching the core bars of whatever form by means
of screws, wedges, or equivalent appliances in or upon strong frames or the
moulding boxes themselves. When so stretched the core bars are much less
liable to be bent out of truth, and the thickness pegs, nails, or chaplets hitherto
used may be dispensed with.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said David Yoolow Stewart in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd July 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DAVID
YOOLOW STEWART, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Ironfouder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the 27th year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said David Yoolow Stewart, Her special license that I, the said David
Yoolow Stewart, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said David Yoolow Stewart, my executors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO MOULDS AND CORES FOR CASTING,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said David Yoolow Stewart,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, or under the hand and seal of one of them, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said David Yoolow Stewart, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following.

page_text: statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and
to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to the moulds and cores used for casting pipes,
tubes, columns, and similar hollow articles.
And in order that my said Invention and the manner of performing the
same may be properly understood, I have hereunto appended a Sheet of
explanatory Drawings, to be herein-after referred to, and representing convenient
modifications of my improved arrangements.
My improvements relating to moulds are applicable in cases wherein a
movable pattern is gradually shifted up or along as the mould is formed, and
have for object to guide the pattern in a proper manner.
Figure 1 on the Sheet of Drawings is a sectional elevation, and Figure. 2
is a plan of a double mould box for a pair of pipes, the mould being in this
example supposed to be formed by means of a pattern 1 with inclined
blades 2 according to a plan used and formerly patented by me. The
pattern 1 and moulding blades 2 are fixed upon a spindle 3, which is coupled
to a vertical shaft 4, made to revolve and rising as the mould is being formed.
Hitherto the pattern 1 has been guided solely by the gradually formed parts of
the mould as it passes up through them, but by my present Invention I apply.
a cross head 5 upon the spindle 3, the spindle being free to revolve through the
cross head, whilst the outer ends of the cross head are shaped to slide in guide
grooves 6 formed down the sides of the mould box 7, by which means the
pattern is kept steady and true whilst working. The cross head may be guided.
by any convenient kind of groove guide or guiding surface applied to both
sides, or it may be to only one side of the mould box.
My improvements relating to cores have reference more particularly to
those of small diameter or thickness as compared with their length, consider-
able difficulty being experienced in keeping such cores stiff and true during
the casting. I give the necessary stiffness to such cores by stretching the core.
bars of whatever form by means of screws, wedges, or equivalent appliance in or
upon strong frames or upon the moulding boxes themselves. It is important to
maintain the tension thus applied to the core bar notwithstanding any stretching.
of the bar, and this is conveniently effected by employing a weighted lever as
the means for stretching the bar in a manner similar to what is shown in
Figure 3 on the Sheet of Drawings. This Figure is a side elevation showing
the mould box 8 in position for receiving the molten metal, and with the cōre
in its place. In this example the core bar 9 is stretched between two head-:
stocks 10, 11, formed upon a massive bed frame 12, and is coupled to holding.
rams or mandrils 18, 14, working in eyes or sockets in the headstocks.. One

page_text: holding ram 13 is screwed to receive a screw nut 15, whereby it can be
adjusted in the headstock to suit the length of the core bar 9. The other
holding ram 14 is forked and jointed to a powerful lever 16, which is centred
on a pin in the headstock 11. The lever 16 is bent so as to lie out of the
way under the bed frame 12, and a weight 18 is applied to its outer end, an
excavation being made to receive the lever and its weight. A screw suspen-
sion rod 19 is applied for lifting the lever 16, this rod being provided with a
handwheel 20, and being carried by a standard 21, the screw working in a nut
beneath the lever. When the core is in its place and the tension is to be
applied the rod 19 is turned so as to allow the lever to turn down by the
action of the weight, and a strain depending on the weight and the leverage
is thereby brought to bear on the core bar. When using the apparatus I
prefer to place the bottom flask or lower mould box on a board or plate so as
to be some inches below its proper position. I then place the core with its
bar in the couplings, and after stretching the bar I raise up the bottom flask
on its board or plate, apply the top flask with its covering board and weights,
and cast the pipe in the usual way. The bottom flask may be raised by means
of wedges, eccentrics, levers, or other convenient appliance. Figure 4 is a side
elevation, and Figure 5 is a front elevation of an improved coupling head to
be applied to the holding rams 13, 14, to facilitate the connecting and discon-
necting. A cutter or cross bar is passed through a slot in the end of the core
bar 9, as shown in plan in Figure 6. The workmen carry the core by means
of the cross bars 22, and placing the ends under the couplings 23 lift them up
within the parts projecting downwards from the overhanging part; the tension
is then applied and the bar is thereby held fast. When after casting the
tension is relieved and the mould box is lowered the ends of the core bar drop
out of the couplings and so disengage themselves; or if these couplings are
inverted the ends of the core bar may be lowered into their seats, and be
lifted therefrom after the cast.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is or may be performed, I have to state that I do not
restrict myself to the precise details for carrying out my Invention herein
described or delineated, but that what I believe to be novel and original, and
claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent, is,―
1. The applying of a guided cross head to the shaft of a revolving and
travelling pattern used for making moulds, substantially in the manner herein-
before described.
And 2. The applying of a stretching or tensional strain to the core bars used

page_text: in casting pipes or similar hollow articles of small diameter or thickness as
compared with their length, substantially as herein-before described.;
In witness whereof, I, the said David Yoolow Stewart, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
28, St. Enoch Square,
Glasgow.
DAV. Y. STEWART. (L.S.)