Year: 1887

page_text: 1, EDMUND EDWARDS, of the firm of Edwards and Co., Patent Agents and Engineers,
of 35, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
This invention relates to improvements in electric telegraphs and appliances to be
used in connection therewith, and it has for its object improved methods of and
apparatus for transmitting messages with great speed. In order to put the invention
in operation a shaft is used revolving in bearings and set in motion by any suitable
driving power, and actuating any desired number of the improved telegraphic instru-
ments hereinafter described, each of which may be operated independently by a
separate operator, whilst a single line wire is sufficient to connect the transmitting and
receiving stations.
Supposing three transmitting instruments are to be used each such instrument con-
sists of a vertical truncated cone set in motion at the proper speed as described, the
surface of the cone having fixed upon it concentric lines of projections corresponding
with the arbitrary signals (for instance dots and dashes) representing letters of the
alphabet, whilst upon the upper or smaller end of the cone are attached seven metal
plates for each alphabet arranged upon the cone surface as described.
These metal plates are sector shaped and of proper size and proportion and as the
cone revolves they pass beneath contact brushes carried by a support above. A series

page_text: The cones being revolving on cone 1 the long and short projections representing the
letter H will pass the operator, and as he sees them approaching he presses down the
knob of the corresponding key.
The operator at cone 2 presses down the proper key as he sees the signs representing
the letter G. approaching.
On cone 3 the key is pressed as the letter F is approaching.
At the receiving station the receiving instrument is arranged in three sections,
section 1 corresponding to cone 1 of the transmitter, section 2 to cone 2, and section 3
to cone 3.
When the letter H (of cone 1) has passed along the line and been received by the
receiver at station N section 1 is automatically disconnected as hereinafter described,
and section 2 put in a state ready to receive the letter G from cone 2.
When the
letter G has been received by section 2 of the receiver, section 3 is put in a state ready
to receive letter F from cone 3. Section 3 then in its turn puts section 1 in a state
ready to receive the second letter of the first telegram and so on.
In practice the cones may be made to revolve at such a speed that the operator can
press down the keys as he sees the proper characters approaching at about the same
rate as when operating the ordinary Morse telegraph. At each interval between two
successive characters on one cone those upon the other cones pass their operators, and
accordingly with three cones messages from the triple sets of projections may be trans-
mitted and received in a given time.
Instead of three cones six or any other number may be used a corresponding number
of messages being transmitted through a single conducting wire in the time ordinarily
taken to transmit one.
Each of the operating keys described is cranked at its upper end below the knob
which is pressed and it has a notch into which the upper end of a pivotted spring pall
engages when the key is pressed down so that the operator may withdraw his band
from the knob whilst the type projections are passing, the pall being then released and
the key raised again by a suitable cam or projection upon the type plate or cone. The
details of the key, notch, and pall, may be varied more or less. For instance the key
may be provided with two notches by the upper one of which the key is held down
whilst when the latter is raised the pall rests in the lower notch so that it is not struck
by the cams as they pass below it. Each key is provided with a spring which returns
it to its position after it has been pressed down as already described for the purpose of
making electrical contact through the contact spring and the type projections so as to
form a circuit through which the message is transmitted. Sets of type projections are
arranged on the circumference of each cone so as to correspond with two, three, or
more series of keys carried by a frame.

page_text: Upon the upper or smaller end of the cone are arranged a system of insulated metal
plates above which are arranged contact brushes against which they pass.
A com-
mutator is also used consisting of a wooden plate turning in trunnions or bearings the
front of the plate being provided with transverse strips and the back having a projecting
segment shaped shoulder formed upon it.
A commutator is arranged above the cone so that when a spring upon the latter
passes below the shoulder it raises the shoulder-and momentarily depresses the plate for
a short distance.
Metal strips are arranged in such position upon the plate that they come into contact
with corresponding spring contact pieces in such manner that the direction of the
current passing through them is altered as the plate is depressed or raised. The con-
tact pieces are suitably insulated and properly connected with the other parts of the
apparatus.
In its normal position the two contact pieces at the inner edge of the upper surface
of the plate and at its lateral edge are pressed up against corresponding contact springs.
Of the first two one is insulated whilst the other is in metallic connection by means of
strips or wires with the lateral upper contact piece and also with one below the opposite
edge of the plate, and with one below the outer edge of the plate, the two latter being
in this position a short distance above corresponding contact pieces arranged below
them, two other contact pieces below the plate are insulated from the system just
described but are in metallic connection together, and are a short distance from
corresponding contact pieces arranged below them. When the plate is momentarily
depressed by the spring passing beneath the shoulder as described commutation is
effected the upper three contact pieces leaving their springs whilst the four lower ones
come in contact with the respective contact pieces arranged below them. The contact
brushes come in contact with and transmit the current through, the metal plates at the
upper end of the cone in the following manner. The electric current passes from
the positive pole of a battery through one of the inner contact pieces and spring upon
the upper inner edge of the commutator plate (in its normal position as described) thence
through a conducting wire to one of the brushes and through the plate upon which the
brush rests to an adjoining brush thence to another brush resting upon an adjoining
conducting plate and through a final brush upon the latter to a metallic terminal upon
the top of the frame. From this terminal a conducting wire passes to each of the type
plates through which the current passes as already described to the receiving station
returning thence to the transmitting station through earth and through the second
upper inner contact piece and spring upon the commutator plate and through the
conducting wires upon the latter to the upper lateral contact piece and spring to
the negative pole of the battery.
As the cone continues to revolve the contact brushes leave the plates against which
they have pressed and come in contact with another set differently arranged, in which
the two brushes first described still rest upon a plate which connects them, the next-
brush upon one end of a second plate upon which also presses one arm of a fresh brush
the other arm of which rests upon a third plate upon which also presses a separate
brush whence separate wires pass to the several contact springs which are raised into
contact with the levers by the passing type plates as already described.
The current which passes through the brushes and the set of plates as described is
also used to operate an electro magnet attracting down an armature which also presses
down another armature, as soon as the contact brushes leave the moving metallic plates
the first armature rises, the current being interrupted, whilst the second armature con-
tinues attracted by a current from auxiliary batteries as hereinafter described. The
respective sets of plates are arranged at such a distance so that the first armature has
time to return upon its upper contact. As soon as the set of plates move into contact
with the contact brushes the current passes round a magnet which magnet attracts a
style or pen.
The types are now printed as the corresponding type plate passes.
.
11

page_text: were passing under them and immediately afterwards the spring already described
passes under the shoulder and reverses the position of the commutator.
The next series of moving contact plates are arranged so that two inner brushes
rest upon a plate through which they are connected, the next two are out of contact
with the plate, the fifth and seventh rest upon a plate similar to that which connected
them in the first set whilst the forked brush described remains out of contact. The
commutated current accordingly passes from the positive pole of the battery through
one of the contact pieces at the outer edge of the commutator plate and along the con-
ducting plate upon the latter to the contact pieces upon its lower lateral edge thence
to the earth plate of the receiving station, the receiving apparatus, line wire, through
the forked brush to the moving plate upon which one branch of the latter rests thence
through the other brushes and moving plates to the second set of contact pieces below
the outer edge of the commutator plate through the conducting wires on its surface
to the second contact pieces below its lateral edge to the negative pole of the
battery.
The second armature is thereby again released from its electro-magnet. When the
contact brushes have entirely passed off the moving plates last described the moving
spring passes below the shoulder under the commutator plate which it returns to its
normal position.
Each cone is provided with one commutator, eight contact brushes connected to a
bridge across the upper end of the frame, and as many springs fixed to the end of the
cone as there are alphabets used upon the cone and also with as many sets of seven
plates each as there are alphabets.
In order to transmit a telegraphic message to three different stations simultaneously
the upper end of the revolving shaft carrying the cone works inside a frame provided
with two transverse bars to the lower side of which as well as to the top of the frame
three bent supports are fixed each of which supports carries contact brushes similar to
those already described which brushes bear upon the upper surface of three discs fixed
upon the cone shaft and each provided with a set of seven metal conducting plates
similar to those already described. Each of the moveable keys is provided with three
sets of contact springs side by side and the projecting type plates upon the circum-
ference of the cone are of sufficient breadth to come into contact simultaneously with
the three springs.
Each of the revolving discs has a separate battery and supposing the upper discs to
be in communication with a station X 3 by a line wire, the central disc with another
station Y 3 by a second line wire, and the lower disc with a station Z 3 by a third line
wire the result will be that the three different stations X 3, Y 3, and Z3 will
simultaneously receive the same telegram.
The construction and working of the set of armatures of the receiving apparatus is
as follows a pivotted armature being attracted down by an electro magnet will carry
down with it a second arinature upon which its ends rest until the latter armature
comes in contact with an electro magnet below, both armatures being balanced by
weights which tend to move them in such manner that in its normal position the first
armature rests with a contact piece against another fixed contact piece so that the
circuit is closed. The second armature is also provided with two contact pieces which
when raised by the counterweight press against two corresponding contact pieces
above. When a current passes through the electro magnets the armatures are drawn
down and the several contacts are interrupted to be again re-established as soon as the
electro-magnets cease to operate. The first armature is provided with a hole through
which projects a pin fixed to the second arinature and this pin which follows all the
movements of the second armature has at its upper end an insulated bent brass
point.
The second armature is also provided with four pins projecting downward from its
lower surface three of them being contact pieces serving to make contact with corre-
sponding pieces below. when the armature is attracted down whilst the fourth is not
used as a conductor and the first armature is also provided on its under side with a
conducting contact piece. Supposing a normal current to be sent from the transmitting

page_text: station the current enters through a contact piece and spring forming parts of the
receiving apparatus previously in action as hereinafter explained.
As the
The current then passes to a small electro-magnet which attracts a permanent
magnet or electro-magnet suspended above it. From the lower electro magnet the
current passes to an angular metal piece in a stationary frame whence it passes through
a pivotted lever which is pressed up by a spring from below against the angular metal
piece, from the pivot of the lever the current passes through a wire to one arm of the
electro-magnet by which the upper balanced armature previously described is attracted
then to the other arm and along a wire to the contact piece of the receiving apparatus
previously in action and to the earth plate. By this circuit the upper balanced
armature is drawn down and brings with it the lower balanced armature.
current must not be interrupted, the contact piece below the upper armature must press
upon the spring below it before the projecting piece below the upper armature presses
down the pivotted lever just described and breaks its contact with the metal angle
piece, the current will therefore continue to pass through the contact piece which has
first come in contact with a spring as described which spring is connected with the
metal angle piece whilst the pin in contact with it is connected with the pivotted lever
from whence the current passes as before round the electro-magnet and to the earth
plate. By the downward movement of the lower balanced armature the projecting
contact piece upon it completes the circuit of an auxiliary battery, a lever connected
to the suspended permanent or electro-magnet making another contact with the samo
circuit by the attraction of the electro-magnet below it.
Another small electro-magnet is also enclosed in the circuit of the auxiliary battery
and draws down an armature having a lever connected to it thus breaking the contact
between the point of the lever and a spring above it which circuit which would other-
wise have kept closed the circuit of a second auxiliary battery the current of which
would have passed through the contact piece and spring below the upper balanced
armature, the lever and spring just described, and the electro magnet actuating the
lower balanced armature which it would have held down.
In order to close the circuit of this second auxiliary battery the current from the
transmitting apparatus (which in this case is a reversed current) passes through the
small electro-magnet the poles of which are reversed so that the permanent or electro-
magnet above it is no longer attracted and the lever upon which breaks contact with
the spring below, and though the projecting piece upon the side of the lower balanced
armature remains in contact with the spring below it the circuit of the first auxiliary
battery remains open the lever which completes the circuit from the secondary battery
is not drawn out of contact and the lower balanced armature is powerfully drawn down
by its electro-magnet.
If at this moment the reverse current acting momentarily is interrupted the upper
balanced armature will cease to be attracted by its electro magnet, but will be raised
by its counterweight, the projecting contact piece below it leaving the spring upon
which it pressed and another contact piece above the armature coming in contact with
a corresponding one fixed above it.
The lower balanced armature is still held down by its electro magnet as long as the
circuit of the second auxiliary battery remains closed, the lever below remains therefore
out of contact with the metal angle piece and another adjoining contact piece remains
in contact with a corresponding spring below it.
On the entrance of a new reversed current it passes round the electro magnet which
operates the suspended magnet above thence to the metal angle piece and from the
latter by a separate wire through the contact pieces above the upper balanced armature,
thence through a small electro-magnet and from it to the contact piece below the lower
balanced armature and the spring in contact with it as already described and from the
latter to a fixed contact piece arranged a short distance above the same armature and
thence to the earth plate.
This new reversed current is the same which had been produced by the type plates
first described. The circuit closed by a short type projection will accordingly effect a
short attraction of the armature or permanent magnet arranged above the electro

page_text: 0
magnet last described, and as this armature or permanent magnet operates upon the
receiving strip of paper passing below, a point or dot will be produced upon the latter,
a long type projection will on the contrary produce a longer closure of the circuit and
a stroke or dash will be produced upon the paper.
The permanent steel magnet is suspended above the electro-magnet by means of an
elastic spring strong enough to prevent the magnet approaching by the permanent
magnetism of the upper magnet so long as the electro-magnet is inactive.
When however a current passes through the latter it will attract the suspended
magnet. The lower permanent or electro-magnet already described is suspended and
operated in the same way.
When the whole of the projections representing a character have passed, the com-
mutated current will at once cease and the circuit of the normal current be again
closed reversing the poles of the lower electro-magnet so that the suspended magnet
above is attracted and the circuit of the first auxiliary battery closed, the electro magnet
in the latter circuit will therefore operate as already described to break the circuit of
the second auxiliary battery so that the lower balanced armature ceases to be attracted
and is raised by its counterweight.
The electro magnet which operates the suspended printing magnet as already
described has the position of its poles definitely determined as otherwise the normal
current would attract the suspended magnet and an additional point or dot would be
printed after each type character making the reading more difficult. By arranging
the two magnets so that the two south poles and the two north poles are normally
opposite to each other this inconvenience is avoided. In order to make the necessary
automatic changes between the receiving instruments the following methods are used.
When the lower armature is in its normal position a separate lever pivotted at its
centre rests with a metallic plate near one end against the lower side of the bent part
of the bent metallic pin which is fixed to the lower armature and passes through a hole
in the upper one as already described. This bent pin is connected by a wire with an
electro magnet arranged above the corresponding lever of the adjoining receiving
apparatus whilst the plate upon the lever, which presses against the bent, pin, is itself
in communication with a battery. The lever is further provided near its other end
with a small metal plate connected by a wire with an electro-magnet situated directly
above a small armature at the same end of the lever. The extreme opposite end of the
lever is provided below with a contact piece connected to a wire through which the
current from the line wire enters. When the lower balanced armature is drawn down
the bent portion of the metal pin attached to it draws down with it the end of the lever
just described so that the contact piece below presses upon a spring whilst the plate
near the other end of the lever, to which is attached the wire to the electro-magnet,
comes in contact with a spring above. The successive connections to the several
receiving instruments is effected as follows:-
It being understood that when the lower balanced armature is said to withdraw from
its electro magnet this means the rising of the armature after every action either of the
normal current or of the more complicated commutated current, the armature always
rising after each action of a current upon its electro-magnet.
The first transmitting cone first described is brought into connection with one of the
receiving instruments so that the normal current passes from the cone and the lower
balanced armature of the first receiver is forced down by the upper one as the current
passes through the several connections described to the earth.
When the lower armature rises again the small lever above it last described will be
kept down its other end being held up by the electro-magnet above it, and as the
armature rises the second receiving apparatus is brought into connection with the line
wire whilst the position of the first receiving apparatus remains unaltered.
When another current therefore, comes from the line wire it passes through the con-
tact piece and spring below the end of the lever in the first receiver and thence to the
electro-magnet which draws down the lower armature of the second receiver, and
thence back through the first receiver to the earth. As the lower balanced armature
of the second receiver rises again the contact piece below the end of. its lever remains

page_text: in contact with the spring below and the current from the line wire passes through
them the bent pin upon the rising armature becoming disconnected from the plate
below it upon the lever of the second instrument and the circuit which passes through
them and through an independent battery and through the electro-magnet which
operates the lever of the first receiver being thus interrupted, the last mentioned lever
falls into its normal position by its own weight. When the lower balanced armature of
the second receiver rises its lever remaining down, the line wire will be put into
connection in the same way with the third receiving instrument through which the
next current will accordingly pass. When the lower balanced armature of the third
receiver rises its lever in turn remains down and the line wire is accordingly again
connected with the first receiver the second one being cut out and so on as long as
necessary. It will be seen that three auxiliary batteries are required to work the
receivers. One of these at a time will have just begun to act, the second will be in
action and the third out of action ready for the next entrance of the current.
No more auxiliary batteries are required even if the number of receivers be increased.
The auxiliary batteries first described may be used to supply all the receivers when
suitably connected with the same.
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page_text: Figure 35 a cross section, and
Figure 36 a horizontal section, of the one relay apparatus of the receiving station.
Figure 34 is a corresponding cross section of the other relay apparatus.
Figures 37, 37, 38, 38, 39 and 39", show the circuit of the current in the whole
apparatus schematically represented; the contacts of the relay apparatus are connected
directly with the armature."
The arrangement, method of construction, and combination of the whole apparatus
are as follows:-
Upon a vertical shaft, revolving in bearings in the frame B (figure 1-4) a cone C
is fixed, to which rotation is imparted from the shaft A. The rotation of the shaft A
may be effected by any convenient motive power and driving gear. Several cones C
are placed the one beside the other and each cone may be made use of by an
operator.
The cones C carry on their circumference a number (say 3 for example) of alphabets
of the Morse type system consisting of plates d inserted into the covering of the cone
and fitted with short and long bosses e, according to the points and strokes of the
Morse-type-system (figure 14).
Into the upper face of the cone C contact plates a b and c (see figures 3, 6, 37-39)
are inserted, their position corresponding with the position of the type plates & and
of the same number, that is to say, for each alphabet there contact plates a b c are
provided.
These contact plates a b c may also be arranged upon separate special discs C₁ (see
figure 4) on the shaft A.
The number of the discs (corresponds to the number of the stations to which one
and the same telegram is to be sent at the same time and also the type plates d may
have the same number of bosses e placed one beside the other, or they may have a
corresponding breadth.
To the frame B over each of the cones C or discs a bridge B₁ is fastened (see
figures 1, 3, 4 to 8).
This bridge carries the contact springs 1-8 which press and slide upon the upper
face of the cone C or of the discs C¹. The springs are insulated, and the springs 2
and 4 are connected to the spring 5. The spring 6 is double, and the springs 7 and 8
are fitted with binding screws.
The bridge B also carries an U-shaped frame f, containing the commutator
(Figures 1, 5 to 10) consisting of a wooden plate g attached to a lever g' and fitted
with the contact points g³ ³ to 98. Figures 37-39 show plate g in perspective and
without the lever g' for greater clearness.
The plate g turns upon bolts or centres adapted to the arm g' and bearing in the
frame, and it is pressed constantly against the contact springs h² h³ h* corresponding
to the contact points 92, 93, 9, by a spring g
To the upper face of the cone or discs C₁ a strong spring i is attached of greater
strength than the spring g³, so that when, as the cone turns it passes just below the
outer part of the arm and presses down the plate g, it opens the contacts g² h², g³,
and g, h, and closes the contacts g, h, g, h, g' h' and 9 h (see figures 8 and 39).
The contact points g² g g and g' upon the plate g are connected by metallic strips,
and in the same manner and g; is totally insulated from the others and con-
nected to the+pole of the battery D'. Contact springs h³ and h³ are connected to
the earth plate E of the delivering station, and h* to the pole, to the pole of
the battery D of the delivering station; the spring is connected by a wire to the
sliding spring 3, and the spring h' to the sliding spring 1.
In front of the cone C (figures 1 and 2) a frame B is fitted in which the moveable
keys k are arranged.
These keys are kept in a raised position by a spring (see figures 11, 12, 13).
The keys are disposed alternately to the right and to the left in order to economize
space and a disc k' on the end shows the corresponding type or sign, there being
therefore the same number of keys as of the signs.
B

page_text: Each key has on the opposite end towards the cone an insulated spring / fitted
with a projecting nose m. Between the latter and the key lever, a second insulated
spring is arranged at a small distance from the former.
The projecting noses m are exactly opposite to the corresponding projecting noses e
fixed upon the cone C and are pushed back if the key be pushed downwards, to bring
the spring in contact with the spring 1. The key need not be held down by the
operator for as long as the type plate is passing and for that purpose the following
arrangement is made use of. Every key carries at its side a toothed catch ³ into
the teeth of which engages a hook ko, moveable and fitted to the frame B2 by an
angle bracket and pressed against by a spring . If a key is pushed down,
the hook 6 will hold it until a projecting nose e¹ fixed upon the type-plate d laterally
in relation to the end of the last type projection e, presses against the lower end of
the books and disengages it, so as to allow the key to rise.
The binding screw n of every key is in contact with the spring 1, and that n' with
the spring From every binding screw na wire goes to the sliding spring 8,
and from every binding screw n', a wire goes to the sliding spring 7 and also a wire
to the line band and to the line.
If a key is pushed down, when the cone C is turning, the key will remain down so
long as the type-plate d passes with its short and long projections e against the
nose m.
By this means a long or short contact will be made between the springs and 1,
corresponding to the form of the passing type projection e. The open or closed
current will produce in the receiving station by the arrangement hereinafter described,
signs corresponding exactly to the passing type. The type projections having passed,
the key will rise immediately as already explained.
The receiving apparatus at the receiving station is represented in figures 17 to 30
of the accompanying drawings. The receiving station is fitted with the same number
of receiving instruments as there are cones C in the delivering or transmitting station.
These receiving instruments are connected together and with the secondary apparatus
and batteries as shown in figures 37 to 39.
Figures 15 to 18 show such a receiving apparatus and figures 19 to 24 a modification
of the same.
In the former are shewn the electro magnets F, G, and H, fitted upon
a wood frame, the magnet Fis provided with a moveable armature F fixed to one end
of the double lever F turning upon screw pivots. The other end of the lever rests
upon the armature G of the magnet G, which is fixed to the similar shaped and
similarly supported lever G². The armature G¹ rests by means of an insulated plate o
upon a similarly insulated plate'o', of the armature H of the magnet H. The arma-
ture His fixed to the double lever H². All the three armatures are withdrawn from
their respective magnets by springs. If the armature F is attracted, the two
armatures G and H will also be pressed upon their respective magnets.
If G is attracted, F will remain stationary and only H¹ will be pushed downwards.
The attraction of H¹ is effected by the magnet H without influencing the other two.
The armature F¹ carries on its upper end a metal point p which is pressed against
the plate p¹ if the armature is attracted, and on its lower end the contact point g which
rests upon q. The armature G' is fitted at its upper part on the one side with the
contact point r, on the other side with the points, the former pressing, when
the armature is not attracted, against, the latter against s; and below upon one
side the point t, and on the other side the two points u and are fixed, (in figure 17,
is placed behind u) all the three pressing against the springs t, u, v, (v is placed
behind u). The springs and are regulated by stops and w
contact, but not w¹.
10 has also
As well as the already mentioned plate o¹, the armature H' is fitted at its lower side
with projecting noses a and z, pressing upon the springs a¹ and ¹ and being in contact
with them, when the armature is attracted down. In the modification shewn in
figures 19 to 24 of this receiving apparatus all the armatures, instead of being carried
by levers, are moved up and down vertically and are suspended by springs and fitted
with guiding pins. The contacts and also the method of operation are the same as in

page_text: the arrangement just described. Besides a certain number of the receiving instruments
the receiving station also requires a relay, a writing or recording apparatus, and a self
acting current-interrupter.
The relay represented in figures 33-36 is formed by two electro-magnets K and
by two permanent bar magnets K', the latter being fixed to the levers K², moveable
between points. The armatures K¹ will be drawn back by the counter weights K³
from the magnet poles.
One armature K' (between the electro-magnet bobbins) carries the contact points a²
and e, the latter e pressing when the electro magnet is inoperative against the plate e³
by means of the counter-weight.
If K is attracted, a² presses against a³ (see figure 39). The other armature K'
is fitted with three contact points, o², and ², also placed between electro-magnet
If the
spools; when not attracted is pressed against by the counterweight.
magnet armature is attracted, o² is pressed against o3 and u² against u³. In practical
construction all the contacts may be arranged on the side of the counterweight, to
save the breadth of the electro-magnet spools or. bobbins. In such an arrangement
the positions of the contacts would be inverted ; a3 a² would be below, e, e³, above, ³, 13,
below, o³, o³, and u² above. The current passes through the relay-apparatus and
operates in the following manner: the current attracts the magnet K in the first
magnet K, because their position is such that the different poles are opposite when
the normal current is passing around K. Consequently contact is effected between e³
and, and contact is broken between a and a³ (see figures 37-38"). In the second
magnet K the same poles are used but the second magnet armature K' is arranged
so that the same poles are opposite.
There will remain contact between 2 and 3 and contact will remain broken between o²
and o³, u² and u³. If an opposite current passes through the magnets K, the poles
are reversed and attraction is effected (see figure 39) of the second magnet K¹ with
contact 02 03 and u² u³, contact is broken, the first magnét K' is withdrawn and
contact a² a³ is closed, whilst contact e² e is opened.
By means of all these contacts a² a³, e² e³; o³ 0³, u², u³, 13, the local current is
opened and closed from a battery IV (see figures 37-39). A normal current from
the line is answered through the contacts by the transmission of a normal current of
the local battery IV into the receiving apparatus, whilst to the changed current from
the line answers through the contacts the changed local battery current.
The writing or recording apparatus consists of a single or double electro-magnet L
(see figures 25-33) the pole of which is opposite to an electro magnet L', kept from
it by a spring. In lieu of the electro-magnet L¹ may be used a permanent bar inagnet
as shewn in figures 27 and 28.
The same arrangement is adopted in figures 37-39.
This armature operates a writing or recording point by a lever gearing in such a
manner as to produce attraction between L by L and making the proper marks upon
a moving paper strip as soon as a normal current of the local battery
passes.
Figures 27 and 28 shew an interrupter, formed by the electro-magnet M and the
permanent bar magnet M' kept separated by a spring, the bar magnet M' is fitted at
its upper end with a contact point 2, pressing against a plate 3 if the norinal current
is passing, but separated if the current is changed.
Besides the relay battery IV, two batteries 8 and P are connected to each receiving
apparatus.
The combination of these batteries with the receiving apparatus, the writing apparatus,
and the relay apparatus and also the combination of the apparatus one to the other
are represented in figures 37-39. In the transmitting station three cones are supposed
to be used and correspondingly three of the receiving apparatus in the receiving
station. The operation of the whole apparatus is as follows (see figure 37).
The receiving station is called from the transmitting station and in the receiving
apparatus E, the armature H' is depressed. By this means contact between z¹ is
closed. is connected to the positive + pole of the battery 03. The current takes

page_text: =
its way from there to thei + pole, z¹, magnet H in E. o o' in E¹ - pole of 0³
in Eu
This current now keeps the armature H' fast upon the magnet H.
If the cone of the transmitting station is turning, the springs 3 and 4 will slide
upon the plate a and the springs 5, 6, and 7 upon the plate a¹. The contact plate g
of the commutator is elevated, that is to say g presses against ², g³ against h³, g³
against h*. The closed current passes as follows: beginning in the transmitting
station at the positive pole of the battery D' it passes to the contact g³ ³, spring 3,
plate a, spring 4, 5, plate a', spring 7, binding screw n', line strip and line, relay
apparatus of the receiving station, earth plate E' of the same, returning to the
earth plate E of the transmitting station, and through contacts h², g², g³, h³, to the
pole of the battery D'.
This first current is a normal current and therefore produces the effect already
explained. Contact a² a³ is opened, and e²e is closed, contact ³ ³ remains closed, o² 0³
and remain open.
The current of the relay battery IV takes the following way; +pole of IV,
point I contact e² e³, point II where a wire passes in each receiving apparatus to
contact point x.
In E is first closed only the contact H, H¹, the current passes only through it
from H H torr¹ in E and from there to the magnet M in E'. Here it produces
no effect the magnet M¹ being a permanent bar magnet and so arranged that its poles
are opposite to the corresponding poles of M, when the normal current passes, so that
no attraction is caused between them. From M the current passes through the
contact u¹ (see figure 17), and magnet F in E¹ to contact s s in E, and to the
point IIII, the contact ³ ³ point III to the negative pole of the battery IV. The
current 1 passes also round the magnet F¹ in E, so that the armature F is attracted
and at the same time the armatures G' and H are drawn down upon the magnets G
and H (The distance of the armatures G¹ from Ġ, and H¹ from H, must be just equal
to allow the armatures to meet at the same time. The distance between F and F¹
may be somewhat greater because F1 must not touch F). By the descent of G¹ in
E' the contacts and ss and w¹ w are opened, butt t, vv, are closed. (The con-
tacts u¹ 20, and, are shewn one beside the other in figures 37-39 for greater
clearness, but in reality they are arranged one behind the other).
By the descent of F¹ the contact p p is opened, and the contact 9, 9', closed. By
the descent of H¹ the contacts, and are closed. By the latter the current of
battery is closed and passes its way as follows:-from the + pole of O' through the
contact z, magnet H, contacto o in E pole of O¹ the magnet H holding
down the armature H. By the contact t t the current of the battery P¹ was closed
and passed as follows: + pole of P1, contact tt, v² v³, magnet G, - pole of P'; the
armature G is also held down upon G.
-
During the descent of F¹ and G³, the following altering of the current in E' took
place At first w u¹ to F, but immediately u¹ was pushed off from w by the
point u.
:-
To avoid a current interruption, q pressed upon q' and the current passed from w
over 9 g, u to F &c.
This altering of the current is necessary, because the current interrupting must
not depend upon the contact interruption between w and u', but upon the sliding of
the springs 3, 4, 5, and 7 upon the plates a and a¹ in the transmitting apparatus.
The following is the mode and course of action of the single contacts. By the
descent of the three armatures F, G, H¹, the contacts, and ss must be first
actuated next the contact 9 9¹ must be made, then the contacts tt and u u', the
contact is opened between w and u being broken by u being pressed to u¹; u in itself
having no influence upon the circuit.
Then follow the contacts between xx¹ and 2¹ and the armatures are pressed upon
the magnets.
When the springs 3, 4, 5, and 7 come to slide upon the plates a and a¹, the
current 1 of the battery D' is interrupted, and consequently the contact e³ ³ and also

page_text: the current 1 of the battery IV in the relay apparatus of the receiving station are
interrupted by the rising of the first armature K¹.
Subsequently the armature F¹ rises, G¹ remains upon G, H' upon H, F¹ interrupts
contact at and closes p p. The plates being double the distance from the
plates a upon the cone C in the transmitting apparatus that those bare from c, a small
space of time is given for the falling back of the armature F¹ to the contact p´p¹, (see
figure 38).
During the equal turning of cone 1 the type plates & pass under the bridge B³ with
the keys k and the contact plates under the sliding springs 1-8; the operator
may wait after having pressed down the key k until the second type-plates approach
to the bridge B and then he may transmit the second type of his telegram.
This space of time may be so short that the operator can just read the types of his
telegram and press down the corresponding key. The operator may continue at the
same speed as in the Morse apparatus; but at the same time,--in the space between
the first and the second type of one telegram two, three or more types of other tele-
grams may pass to the receiving apparatus, corresponding to the number of the cones.
Consequently in the same time two, three, or more telegrams may be despatched.
The cone having turned so far, that the springs 3 and 4 are sliding upon plate b,
spring 5 and 6 upon plate and springs 6 and 8 upon plate 63, the second normal
current will pass to the receiving station and will take its way as follows; (see
figure 38).
From the + pole of battery D', through contact g³ h³, spring 3, plate b, springs 4, 5,
plate b, spring 6, plate 62, spring 8, whence the current passes to the binding screw n,
which is connected to the key pressed down with its corresponding spring 1;
k
the
spring will at the same time be brought in contact with the spring by the project-
ing noses e of different length and in different periods, by means of the nose or
projection m. The normal current 2 is also opened and closed in correspondence with
the types passing under the pressed down key.
From the spring the current passes to the binding screw n' and thence to the line
strap and to the line, the relay apparatus of the receiving station, earthplate E' of the
latter, back to the earthplate E of the transmitting station, the contacts h², g², g^ hª,
and the pole of the battery D¹.
-
This second current, by the action of the battery D¹ induces a corresponding action
of the relay apparatus in the battery IV, by opening and closing the contacts a² a³
and ees, that is to say this second current of the battery IV will be closed. and opened
as often and as long as the current from the battery D¹. The current 2 of the
battery IV delivers the signals in the receiving apparatus and takes its way as
follows from the + pole IV, point I, contact e², e³, point II, contact x x¹, in Eu
, in the same place to M in E 1, (without any effect upon M¹) over w, q¹, pp', to
the magnet L in the writing or recording apparatus.
?"
The permanent bar magnet of the latter is placed in such a manner as to be attracted
by L when normal current 2 exists, but is repelled when the current is changed, the
reason for which will be evident from the following:-current 2 is a normal current,
attraction and type writing or recording is effected on a paper strip by a writing
pencil of suitable kind. From L, the current 2 passes to contact ve¹, s, IIII, contact ³,
, point III to the pole of IV. After this second current from IV is complete all
the receiving apparatus remain unaltered, the current circuits of the batteries 0' 03
and P¹ remain also closed, the armatures G' and H in E and armature H' in E
being attracted to their respective magnets.
-
In the transmitting apparatus when the plates have finished their passage under
the springs 1-8, the nose or projection upon the corresponding type plate frees
the hook or detent k from of the key k which is pressed down and the key
consequently rises.
The spring i upon the upper side of C now passes under the arm g¹ of the plate g,
the latter descends, opens the contacts g, h, g³ ³ and g h and closes the
contacts g h³, g h³, g' h² g³ h³, (see figures 8 to 10 and figure 39.)
At the same time the springs 1 and 2 slide upon the plate c and the

page_text: --
springs 5, 6, and 7 slide upon the plate e¹. The current 3 of the battery D' takes its
way as follows :-
+ pole D₁ through the contacts h g g5 h5, to the earthplate E of
the transmitting station, the earthplate E¹ of the receiving station across the relay
apparatus and the line strip backwards to the transmitting station and thence through
the binding screw n' to the spring 7 and through the plate c to the springs 5, 2,
plate c, spring 1, contact h, g', g h and negative pole D'. Consequently the
current 3 is changed, and changes the relay apparatus of the receiving station, that is
to say the contact a a³ remains closed, ee remains opened, is opened, oo
and u²³ are closed. The current 3 of the battery takes its way from + pole IV,
through point I, contact a³ a², o³ o², point IIII, to s¹ in E', over v¹ to the magnet L
of the writing apparatus, then over contact p p through q w to the magnet M, from
there to the contact in E, contact ¹a, point II, contact u² u³, point III to the
pole IV. This current also takes a reversed course. By this, the magnet L' is pushed
off and no signal is given. In the other case to every type a point would be added.
The magnet M is attracted by this reversed current by the magnet M and also
contact is opened. By this means interruption of the current of the battery P' is
effected, and in consequence G is demagnetized.
The armature Grises immediately and opens oo. The current of the battery 0³
is therefore broken, H in EII loses its magnetism, the armature H' rises and breaks
the contacts,¹, and z z¹.
2°
is held upon, and upon ¹ in E¹, by the effect of the battery O'. By the
rising back of G¹, the contacts r, , and ss in the same point were closed. Conse-
quently the current 1 from cone C which now follows takes its way through the
relay apparatus in the same manner as current 1 from cone C and the current of the
battery IV thus caused passes from the + pole of battery IV to point 1, contact e² e³,
.point II, contacts a, a,,, in EI (G' re-establishing the circuit by raising the
contacts and s s¹) to M in E", thence to the contact wc, u', magnet F, and back to
E¹ over the contact s¹ 3, point IIII, contact 232 and point III to their pole IV. The
three currents in EII take the same course as before in E. Finally likewise separa-
tion of o and o¹ in E" is effected, consequently the current of the battery O¹ is opened
and and in E' are opened whilst in E the contact a al continues as before in E¹,
and the current 1 from cone CII causes the current 1 of the battery IV to pass as
follows from the + pole IV through the point I, contact e, point II,
contacts, ¹, r³, in Eu, magnet M in E, contact and magnet F of the same
place, backward to El over s s to point IIII, contact 3, point III to the
The current 1 from C now takes the same course as before, and so on.
-
pole IV.
The current interrupter mentioned above and represented in figures 37-39 in full
action (consisting of magnet M, steel magnet M', contact v2 ) is so constructed in
practice, that M in addition to the contact v² v³, also carries above a similar contact,
insulated from v² 3, but effecting in the same manner, all the making and breaking of
contacts (see figure 48). In this second contact (264) being the upper plate
corresponding v3, and the lower point to 2 in every receiving apparatus that
wire enters, which passes from ¹ of the one apparatus to the magnet M of the follow-
ing apparatus. For example, in E' the wire passes not directly from to the
magnet M in E" but first over from the magnet M in E, and then to M in E".
In the wire passes as follows, of. M in E" to M in E In Eш: from
1 to 4 of magnet M in E" to M in E. Contact would not be altered by any
normal current, but would remain closed as 32, but it would be opened by an altered
current, and after the plates e have passed below the sliding spring it would be closed.
Upon the cones C, or upon the disks C, strikers may be arranged (as shewn in
figures 1, 2, and 3) in a convenient position to the type plates d so that they strike
against a lever y when the axle A is turning. By this means a bell z is struck and a
signal is given to the operator that the type has passed under the key k and that the
next key may be pressed down.
Every cone has its own plates a b c belonging to it (as many alphabets as plate
systems) and its own sliding springs 1 to 8 and its own current interrupter g.
The single plate systems are each arranged in a third part only of the circle so that

page_text: only the plate system of the cone which is signalling is in full action at one time
whilst the sliding springs of the other cones are sliding upon wood. In practice it
may be preferable to arrange all the plate systems upon a common disc in such a
manner that only one system of sliding springs and one current changer is wanted.
For this purpose (referring to figures 5, 6, 37, and 38,), the springs 7 and 8 may
be made double arined (like the spring 6). One arm of 7 slides in succession
upon a and c, the other arm sliding over an insulated metal plate, over which or over
prolongations of which three sliding springs slide one after another, each being
connected with a wire, the first passing to the binding screw n' in cone 0, the second
and the third wires passing to a in cones C and C. The spring 8 slides with the
one arm upon, the other in contact with an insulated plate, over which or over
prolongations of which pass three sliding springs one after another connected to n in
cone C, n in cone C and n in cone C respectively.
Instead of the single batteries 0' 0" and O and PI, PI, PIII, two strong batteries O
and P for all the receiving apparatus may be used with divided currents and conve-
nient pole contacts.
The arrangement represented in figures 19-24 may be modified in the following
manner as shewn in figures 40 to 48. Upon a wooden frame A is fixed below, the
electro-magnet E2, and at the upper end M* and at right angles to them the
magnet .
Upon the armature ¹ of E" is fixed the rod a by the bracket or band a¹. The
upper band a grasps over the armature ² of M². Upon a² an insulating plate is
fitted, the pin 6' on it being guided in the metal guide F³. The metal plate supported
by the insulating plate b forms the contact e. Below the armature k¹ is fitted an
insulated projection pressing upon a metallic spring, the two forming the contact o t.
Below the armature 2 are fitted (see left hand in the drawing) the contacts » s with
the projection n, at the back the contact 1 (see figure 45), and to the right the
contact (figures 40 and 44), all fitted with the already described projections,
springs, and stops. Upon are fitted two insulating plates, carrying the metal
plates g', g. The pins of the insulating plates run in the metal cones and ², fitted
to the wooden brackets below the frame A. Below is fitted an insulated metallic
ring i, pressing upon the metallic ring c, which presses at its insulated part upon the
armature of the magnet x (figure 42). The holes in i and c prevent the rod a from
touching.
If the armature k¹ is attracted by the first current of E2, 2 will be drawn down and
remain upon M with the contact k, k, the circuit of the battery II being closed. At
the same time going down breaks the upper contact f³, e and closes the under
If current No. 1 ceases, K' with its two springs and rod a slides upwards in
its guide, and contact is again closed and o, t, opened. The projection a² removes
from K.
one o t.
In going down the armature K² takes with it the armature K³. This being effected
by the pressure of i upon c.
In order to equalize the pressure on K³, a double curved plate Q is inserted
(figures 41 and 42). The projection Q of K-K³ (figure 4) carries below the
contacts p q and df (fig. 44). K³ sliding in guides c¹ c² (figure 42) is withdrawn by
springs in the same manner as K2 when the operations are all completed, that is to
say if the currents of the corresponding batteries are opened. In figure 44 on the
left hand the arrangement of the contacts k k¹ and df, and on the right hand the
arrangement of the contact pq are shewn. Figure 43 shows the contactss and I l.
The stops, the guides c² ² at K³ and the blocks supporting the springs are represented
fixed upon the wooden bobbins of the wire-spools of M² and r. For this purpose the
upper flanges may be made somewhat larger.
The method of operation of the apparatus is the same as before described.
The current interrupter magnet M (figures 43, 46, 47, and 48) is fitted with a
double lever M as an armature, turning on centres and on its attraction end the
contacts of
the contact
above and below. At the opposite or balance weight end is fitted
(see figure 47). In its normal position v² presses against v³ and v¹

page_text: against If attraction takes place u v³ and are opened and the contact v6 v7 is
closed. To ³ ³ the wires enter as follows:-To the wire from t¹ and to that
from the coils of G. To the wire from renters and passes to and to the
magnet M of the following apparatus, that is to say, from r₁ of receiving apparatus I
to of the magnet M in receiving apparatus I, from in the same to M in receiving
apparatus II, from of the latter to 4 of M in receiving apparatus E A. II and
from of the same to M in receiving apparatus E A III, from ¹ of receiving
apparatus III to v of the magnet M in receiving apparatus III and from 6 of the
same to M in receiving apparatus I.
The purpose of the contact. 6, 7 is to make the duration of the reversed current (No. 3)
dependent upon the duration of sliding of the plates in the transmitting apparatus.
In the wire circuit as represented and described, the contact would be opened
by the rising of G₁ and thus the reversed current would be broken without relation to
the duration of the sliding of the current springs upon the plates.
This may cause vibrations of M or false currents, and may be prevented in the
following way.
From o' of each apparatus I II III to
which is pressed by when descending
spring from going' too high.
(7 is a metal button fixed to a spring)
is a projection or stop preventing the
During the activity of the reversed current, attracting M¹ to M, it may be observed
that presses immediately against before contact is broken.
In this way the reversed current continues until the plates have passed, even
although is opened.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. An electric quick telegraph, provided with any desired number of rotating cones
for transmitting the corresponding number of telegraphic messages to different stations
at the same time, substantially as described and shewn.
2. In the said electric quick telegraph the arrangement of contacts formed by points a
and dashes e combined, corresponding to the signs of the Morse system and fitted on
the rotating cones, substantially as described and shewn.
3. The arrangement of keys k, one being provided to each type, substantially as
described and shewn.
4. The arrangement of pawls or detents for the purpose of keeping the keys pressed
down until the type has passed, substantially as described and shewn.
5. The arrangement of projections e¹ upon the cones C releasing the said pawls or
detents as soon as the type has passed, so that the key may rise, substantially as
described and shewn.
6. The arrangement of the contacts in such manner as to close by the commu-
tator g the circuits of the different receiving apparatus, so that the first current from
the transmitting station will be influenced, and operate the first receiving apparatus of
the receiving station, and will then further put the other receiving apparatus in
position to operate by closing the third reversed current from the transmitting station,
and so on successively, substantially as described and shewn in the drawings.
in this I. of Dutaban 1007
EDWARDS & Co.,
Agents for the Inventor.