IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PURIFICATION AND UTILIZATION OF SEWAGE AND OTHER REFUSE MATTERS WHETHER IN A LIQUID, SEMI-FLUID, OR SOLID STATE, AND IN THE EXTRACTION OR PRODUCTION THERE- FROM OF MAGMA,' 'SEAK,' GREASE, SOAP, TALLOW, OR OIL
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ferrar Fenton, of Dewsbury, in the County of
York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PURIFICATION AND
UTILIZATION OF SEWAGE AND OTHER REFUSE MATTERS WHETHER IN A LIQUID,
SEMI-FLUID, OR SOLID STATE, AND IN THE EXTRACTION OR PRODUCTION THERE-
FROM OF MAGMA,' 'SEAK,' GREASE, SOAP, TALLOW, OR OIL."
$
Sealed the 3rd October 1871, and dated the 20th July 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ferrar Fenton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th July 1871.
THE
I, FERRAR FENTON, of Dewsbury, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PURIFICATION AND UTILIZATION OF SEWAGE AND OTHER REFUSE MATTERS, WHETHER
IN A LIQUID, SEMI-FLUID, OR SOLID STATE, AND IN THE EXTRACTION OR PRO-
MAGMA,' 'SEAK,' GREASE, SOAP, TALLOW, OR OIL," to
DUCTION THEREFROM OF
be as follows:-
-
"
This Invention relates principally to the purification, treatment, and
utilization of sewage and other refuse matters, whether in a liquid,
semi-fluid, or solid state, and to the production therefrom of various
marketable commodities herein-after mentioned, part of the Invention

page_text: "
being also applicable for the extraction of grease, "magma," or "seak
from the spent liquors or sewage of woollen mills, bleach or silk works
or other factories, wash houses, wool or sheep washing mills or pools.
The Invention also relates to the making of soap direct from such
grease, "magma," or "seak" and is partly an improvement upon the
subject matter of Letters Patent granted to me and Samuel Hollins, of
Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, and dated 21st September 1870,
No. 2534.
In addition to the processes or modes of treating sewage or factory
or other waste waters described in the Specification of the Letters Patent
above referred to, I propose to use aëration to quicken and perfect the
precipitation of the polluting matters whether in suspension or solution
by passing through, into, under, or upon the sewage (either mixed with
any of the compositions described in the said Specification or otherwise)
a current or blast of atmospheric air, such current or blast being pro-
duced by any convenient mechanical means, and I also propose to apply
the same for the extraction of "
"magma," seak," or grease from suds
or other waters in which they may be contained, in conjunction with
the processes described in the Specification above referred to.
66
"
After the extraction of the "
66
magma," scak," or grease from any
waters containing them by the processes described in the Specification
before named or above, or by soda or salts of soda, potash, or salts of
potash, with lime, or a solution of them or any of them, or by a solution
of the compositions mentioned in the said Specification, I propose to
use the same for the manufacture of soap by any ordinary or well
known process of soap making direct, without the necessity of first
extracting or pressing out the pure grease from such "magma," "seak,"
or grease (as hitherto practised) either with or without an admixture
of fresh grease, tallow, fat, or oil thereto, and also to use magma,"
"seak," or grease which has been obtained from such waters or refuse
by the common process of extraction by the use of acids or acid salts
for the manufacture of soap direct, either with or without the admixture
of fresh grease, tallow, or oil, such acid magma, seak, or grease merely
requiring a longer boiling and a stronger alkali to effect the saponifi-
cation than is required by the ordinary process, and I further propose a
to use the "magma," seak," or grease extracted from sewage or suds
by the processes described in the said Specification of the Letters Patent
No. 2534/70, or as above, after acidulation, as substances for the pro-
" 66

page_text: duction of grease, tallow, oil, and stearine, by any of the ordinary and
well-known processes, and such other matters or substances procured by
the said processes as cannot be utilized for the purposes above described
I propose to employ as manures, and in the case of the substances
precipitated from acid sewage waters I propose to use them either for
manures, or for the manufacture of cements by calcination, or for the
manufacture of sulphate of soda, or other salts of soda, or soda, by the
ordinary methods of manufacture.
65
The parts of this Invention claimed as new are as follows :—
*
1. Making soap direct (without pressing or distilling) from the
magma," seak," or grease extracted by means of a compound alkali
as described in the Specification of the former Letters Patent previously
alluded to, either with or without the addition of fresh grease or oil.
2. Making "magma," "seak," or grease extracted by acid in the
ordinary way, into soap direct (without first pressing or distilling) by
washing or treating it with the compound alkali above referred to.
3. Driving a current of hot or cold air through or over the suds or
sewage containing the " magma,"
," "seak," or grease so as to secure the
oxidation thereof and effect the more rapid and perfect purification of
such suds or sewage.
4. Obtaining free oil by pressure from magma, seak, or grease
extracted by the alkaline process above referred to by previously
treating such alkaline "magma," "seak," or grease, with an acid.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Ferrar Fenton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 18th January 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FERRAR
FENTON, of Dewsbury, in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Ferrar Fenton, Her special license that
I, the said Ferrar Fenton, my executors, administrators, and assigns,

page_text: or such others as I, the said Ferrar Fenton, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PURI-
FICATION AND UTILIZATION OF SEWAGE AND OTHER REFUSE MATTERS, WHETHER IN
A LIQUID, SEMI-FLUID, OR SOLID STATE, AND IN THE EXTRACTION OR PRODUCTION
THEREFROM OF MAGMA,' 'SEAK,' GREASE, SOAP, TALLOW, OR OIL," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Ferrar Fenton, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
'
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Ferrar Fenton, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say) :—
The Invention relates principally to the purification, treatment, and
utilization of sewage and other refuse matters whether in a liquid,
semi-fluid, or solid state, and to the producing therefrom of various
marketable commodities herein-after mentioned, part of the Invention
being also applicable for the extraction of grease, "magma," or
"seak
from the spent liquors or sewage of woollen mills, bleach or silk works
or other factories, washhouses, wool or sheep washing mills or pools.
66
"
The Invention also relates to the making of soap direct from such
grease, magma," or seak," and is partly an improvement upon the
subject matter of Letters Patent granted to me and Samuel Hollins, of
Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, and dated the Twenty-first day of
September, A.D. 1870, No. 2534.
In addition to the processes or modes of treating sewage or factory
or other waste waters described in the Specification of the Letters
Patent above referred to, I propose to use aeration to quicken and
perfect the precipitation of the polluting matters whether in suspension
or solution by passing through, into, under, or upon the sewage (either

page_text: mixed with any of the compositions described in the said Specification
or otherwise) a current or blast of atmospheric air, such current or
blast being produced by any convenient mechanical means, and I also
propose to apply the same for the extraction of “ magma," "seak," or
grease from suds or other waters in which they may be contained in
conjunction with the processes described in the Specification above
referred to.
After the extraction of the "magma," or "seak," or grease from any
waters containing them by the processes described in the Specification
before named above, or by soda or salts of soda, potash or salts of
potash, with lime or a solution of them or any of them, or by a solution
of the compositions mentioned in the said Specification, I propose to use
the same for the manufacture of soap by any ordinary or well known
process of soap making direct without the necessity of first extracting
or pressing out the pure grease from such "magma," "seak," or
grease (as hitherto practised) either with or without an admixture of
fresh grease, tallow, fat, or oil thereto. I find that it makes a better
soap capable of forming a stronger lather if the soda or potash or
other alkali used in the soap making is added to the magma, seak, or
grease in a dry powdered state, and also by the omission in the soap
making process of the salt or lime water usually employed, and the soap
is further improved by the use of chlorine in a solid gaseous or liquid
solution state to the " magma," "scak," or grease, especially if the
same is rendered impure by the intermixture of flocks, wool, hair, or
dye matters and maccerating or boiling of the whole together and the
after application of alkaline hyposulphates or hyposulphites to destroy
the chlorine after it has effected its purpose. And I also use "magma,"
"seak," or grease which has been obtained from such waters or refuse
by the common process of extraction by the use of acids or acid salts
for the manufacture of soap direct, either with or without the admixture
of fresh grease, tallow, or oil, such acid magma, seak, or grease merely
requiring a longer boiling and a stronger alkali to effect the saponifi-
cation than is required by the ordinary process, and I further propose
to use the " magma," seak," or grease extracted from the sewage or
"766
suds by the processes described in the said Specification of the Letters
Patent, No. 2534, A.D. 1870, or as above after acidulation as substances
for the production of grease, tallow, oil, and stearine by any of the
ordinary and well known processes, and such other matters or substances
procured by the same processes as cannot be utilized for the purpose

page_text: above described I propose to employ as manures, and in the case of the
substances precipitated from acid sewage waters I propose to use them
either for manure or for the manufacture of cements by calcination or
for the manufacture of sulphate of soda or other salts of soda or soda
by the ordinary methods of manufacture.
Having now described the nature and object of my said Invention
for "
* Improvements in the Purification and Utilization of Sewage and
other Refuse Matters whether in a Liquid, Semi-fluid, or Solid State,
and in the Extraction or Production therefrom of 'Magma,' 'Seak,'
Grease, Soap, Tallow, or Oil," together with the manner in which the
same is to be or may be performed or carried into practical effect I wish
it to be understood that I claim as my Invention,―
**
Firstly. Making soap direct (without pressing or distilling) from the
» 66
magma,' seak," or grease extracted by means of a compound alkali
as described in the Specification of the former Letters Patent previously
alluded to or as above described and either with or without the addition
of fresh grease or oil.
Secondly. Making "magma," "seak," or grease extracted by acid in
the ordinary way into soap direct (without first pressing or distilling)
by washing or treating it with the compound alkali above referred to.
Thirdly. Driving a current of hot or cold air through or over the
suds or sewage containing the "magma," seak," or grease so as to
secure the oxidation thereof, and effect the more rapid and perfect
purification of such suds or sewage.
66
""seak," or
Fourthly. Obtaining free oil by pressure from "magma,”
grease extracted by the alkaline process above referred to by previously
treating such alkaline "magma," "seak," or grease with an acid.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ferrar Fenton, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.