IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Alexander Hanna, and Thomas Foulkes Shillington,
both of Musgrave and Company, Limited, Ann Street Iron Works, Belfast
in the County of Antrim, Ireland for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STOVES
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Alexander Hanna and
Thomas Foulkes Shillington at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on
the 14th April 1883.
JOHN ALEXANDER HANNA and THOMAS FOULKES SHILLINGTON, both of Musgrave
and Company Limited, Ann Street Iron Works Belfast in the County of Antrim
Ireland * IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES
"
Our present invention is designed to provide various improvements in the stoves
described in the specification of former letters patent granted to James Musgrave
and Thomas Foulkes Shillington on the twentieth day of August A.D. 1873
No. 2749.
One object we have in view is to provide simple convenient, and effectual means
for the removal of ashes from the stove without causing the dust to rise and spread
through the room,
In order to effect this object we form a chamber or receptacle for the dust and
ashes, in the base below the fire of the stove, this chamber being provided with a
tightly fitting door in front, and when necessary, with a removable pan to receive
the falling ashes. The bottom of the fuel-chamber is made without fire bars or
other grating, and is preferably formed of a solid fire clay slab, and in front of the
said solid bottom and immediately inside the air-door, we form an opening leading
into the ashes receptacle below. This opening is provided with a grating so that
when the refuse is being removed from the stove the dust and ash only may fall
through into the receptacle below.
To prevent the fuel falling forward on the said grating we provide a bar hinged
or pivotted at one end and similar to that employed in the stoves made in
accordance with the said former specification but differing therefrom in this respect
viz, that it has a row of studs or teeth projecting downwards which retain the
D

page_text: large pieces of fuel, and allow the ashes to fall through. This bar is hinged or
pivotted at one end in such a manner as to open readily for the removal of large
pieces of fuel, or it may be so arranged as to be capable of being entirely removed
without difficulty
According to one arrangement, instead of making the bottom of the fuel chamber
a perfectly solid slab we may provide the same with a central grating preferably
made circular, and with a rod, attached at one side, which rod, passing out through
the body of the stove, enables the attendant to move it backward and forwards
and so shake the ashes and dust down into the receptacle below.
When providing this improved stove with a bottom grating and fire bars below
the fire, we still admit air by means of the ash door as described in the said former
specification, and the air on entering may pass down through the front grating
into the ash receptacle and thence to the fire through the fire bars or grating in the
base of the fire-space.
Instead of admitting the air through the upper ash door as described, we may
admit it through the lower ash door which opens directly into the ashes receptacle,
using the upper door simply for cleaning out the fire chamber.
According to another modification of our invention we make the ashes receptacle
and movable pan in the base of the stove, as before described, but they are formed
in such a manner that only one ash door will be necessary instead of two. In this
case the small front grating is hinged or otherwise made movable, and the ashes
receptacle is made with a sloping bottom rising toward the ash door and thus the
ash pan slides in easily through the single ash door which corresponds to the upper
ash door herein before mentioned.
When making our improved stove with the water base described in the aforesaid
former specification we so arrange it, according to the present invention, that the
receptacle for ashes described herein shall project downwards into the water and
thereby convey a considerable amount of heat for the purpose of evaporating the
water more rapidly than was heretofore possible.
Another part of our present invention has for its object to provide the said
stoves with transparent panels or sides through which the light of the fire may be
seen; and in order to effect this we place on the front or side of the stove, or on
whatever part thereof it is desired to make transparent, a range of fire-bars, which
are by preference arranged vertically, and in such a manner as to occupy the same
position as is occupied usually by the fire-brick lining of the stove and thus the
light of the fire is allowed to shine through, and air is admitted to the fuel. These
fire-bars may be made solid if desired, but we may also make them hollow or tubular
so that a current of cold air enters at one end, and in passing through, keeps them
cool, and at the same time supplies a quantity of super-heated air for the purpose
of igniting the gases which escape above the fuel, before they pass into the
chimney. In front of the said bars and at a few inches distant therefrom we place
a door having transparent panels formed of talc, or glass, or other suitable material.
The glass may be plain or in any variety of color; it may be formed of narrow
strips or in circular pieces in the best manner to prevent breakage by the heat.
may in some cases be in the form of lenses to magnify the light of the fire, or of
thinner glass of a concavo-convex form, or with concentric corrugations. We fix
these glasses into the said door by means of thin brass or copper bushings, or
flanges, or simply by placing them in a cavity formed to receive them. The said
door may be hinged or bolted, but is preferably hinged, so that it may easily be
opened for cleaning the glasses or for other like purpose.
It
When the transparent door is placed on the front of the stove it may be made
to cover the part usually occupied by the air door of the stove, in which case the
fire bars draw their supply of air through a horizontal transverse tube, below
which there is a space available for removing fuel from the fire chamber. In this
case air may be admitted for combustion by any suitable device such as the
revolving plates described in the specification of the said former letters patent.
According to another part of our invention we place a boiler in the smoke

page_text: chambers of our improved stoves so that the smoke or hot gases, or other products
of combustion, on leaving the fire may surround it. We provide this stove with
two smoke outlet nozzles, one going directly from the fire chamber and the other
from the smoke chamber in which the boiler is placed. By means of a connecting
tube placed either inside or outside the stove, and a valve or valves between the
two above mentioned outlets, the smoke may be made to pass either directly into
the chimney or to enter by an opening into the smoke chamber and pass around
the boiler for the purpose of heating the water.
By another modification of our invention we place the boiler above the stove
instead of at one side, and by means of the double nozzle connecting the tube
and valve above described we cause the smoke and gases to pass directly into the
chimney, or to go around the bottom of the boiler, as may be desired.
Another part of our present invention relates to an improved method of
constructing the gill stoves illustrated in Figures 16, 17, and 18 of the drawings
accompanying the specification of the said former Letters Patent, by means of
which greater heating surface is obtained than was possible in the previous
arrangement and a more perfect joint is made. In carrying this part of our
invention into practice the sides and top of the stove are formed as formerly, by
means of gills, or a series of castings bolted together, and these may be jointed in
the usual manner, but we form an improved joint which serves to retain the
jointing cement better and also allows of being newly filled with cement in case
of defect, without taking the apparatus asunder. This new joint is partly formed
by a tongue and groove and partly by a hollow or cavity having an opening
towards the outside so that any suitable jointing cement may be newly calked into
it if it should become defective.
Instead of making the smoke flues of this improved stove at the back of the
fire we place them above, or at each side of it, and these flues may be formed by
the saine series of gill castings as forms the stove itself, or they may be formed of
separate tubes. The smoke and gases, on leaving the fire chamber, pass through
these tubes and give out their heat before entering the chimney.
The flanges or gills are cast with deep folds or corrugations to increase the
heating surface and allow for expansion. The side flues may be omitted if
desired.
The inside of the gill, or part presented to the fire, is made corrugated in section
so as to increase the heating surface and keep the joint and cement at a greater
distance from the fire than heretofore. In some instances these corrugations are
continued to a considerable depth, say about a foot, and in that case they may be
connected together at the top or sides by short tubes to serve as smoke-passages.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Alexander Hanna and Thomas Foulkes Shillington in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th October 1883.
JOHN ALEXANDER HANNA and THOMAS FOULKES SHILLINGTON, both of Musgrave
and Company Limited, Ann Street Iron Works, Belfast in the County of Antrim,
Ireland. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES
"
Our invention relates to various improvements in the stoves described in the
specification of former Letters Patent granted to James Musgrave and Thomas
Foulkes Shillington and dated the 20th day of August, A.D 1873, N° 2749.
Our present improvements are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in
which
Figure 1 is a vertical central section of one form of our improved stove.
Figures 2 and 3 represent a horizontal section and a front elevation, drawn to an
enlarged scale, of part of the said stove
Figure 4 is a vertical central section, and
Figure 5 is a horizontal section of another form or modification of our improved
stove.
Figure 6 is a vertical central section shewing a further modification thereof
Figure 7 is a vertical central section of one of our stoves provided with transparent
panels
Figure 8 is a vertical section at right angles to Figure 7, of part of the same.
Figures 9 10 and 11 are vertical sections through the centres of the said
transparent panels, shewing different modes of fixing the same.
Figure 12 is a vertical central section shewing a modification of the stove
illustrated in Figures 7 and 8
Figure 13 is a horizontal section of one form of our improved stove combined
with a boiler, and
Figure 14 is a sectional elevation of a modification thereof
Figure 15 is a transverse section of a stove made in sections or gills according
to our present invention
Figure 16 is a longitudinal section thereof partly on the line and partly on
the line ¹¹ Figure 15.
Figure 17 is a front elevation of part of the same.
Figure 18 is a plan, and
Figure 19 is a transverse section of a modified form of stove made in sections
or gills
Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawings.
One object we have in view is to provide simple convenient and efficient means
for the removal of ashes from the stove without causing the dust to rise and spread
through the room or other place wherein the stove is situated.
In order to effect this object we form a chamber or receptacle a, for the dust and
ashes, in the base below the fuel chamber bas shewn in Figure 1. The receptacle a
is provided with a tightly fitting door c in front and, when necessary, with a
removable pan d to receive the falling ashes. The bottom of the fuel-chamber b is
sometimes made without fire-bars or other grating and is then preferably formed of
a solid fire-clay slab e as shewn in Figure 1. In front of the solid bottom and
inside the air-door f we form an aperture or passage leading into the ashes
receptacle below, This aperture is provided with a grating g so that, when the

page_text: refuse is being removed from the stove, the dust and ashes only will fall through
into the said receptacle
To prevent the falling forward of the fuel on the said grating, we provide a
bar h similar to that employed in the stoves described in the said former specifi
cation, with the exception that it has a row of teeth h' projecting downwards,
which teeth serve to retain the large pieces of fuel in the fuel-chamber, but allow
the ashes to fall through between or below them. The bar h is hinged or pivotted
at one end in such a manner that it forms a door which can be readily opened for
the removal of large pieces of fuel. If desired it may be so arranged as to bo
capable of being entirely removed without difficulty.
According to one arrangement instead of making the bottom of the fuel-
chamber b a solid slab, we provide the same with a central grating i preferably
made circular as shewn in Figures 4 and 5 and having a rod k attached to it at one
side, which rod passes out through the body of the stove so that the attendant can
move it backward and forward and thereby shake the ashes and dust down through
the said grating into the receptacle a or drawer d
When we provide this improved stove with a bottom grating or with fire-bars
below the fuel, we provide for the admission of air by means of the air-door as
described in the said former Specification, and the air on entering will pass down
through the front grating g into the ashes receptacle a and thence to the fuel
through the fire-bars or grating i in the base of the fuel-chamber.
Instead of admitting the air through the said air-door as above described, we
may admit it through the ash-door c which opens directly into the ashes receptacle a;
using the upper door simply for cleaning out the fuel-chamber.
According to the modification of our invention shewn in Figure 6, we arrange
the ashes receptacle a and the removal pan d in the base of the stove, as above
described, but they are formed in such a manner that only one ash door is required
instead of two. In this case the front grating ġ is hinged, or otherwise made
movable, and the ashes receptacle a is made with a sloping bottom rising toward
the ash-door so that the removable pan d will slide freely through the latter.
When we make our improved stove with the water base described in the aforesaid
former specification, we so arrange it according to our present invention, that the
receptacle for ashes described herein will project downward into the water, and
thus convey thereto a considerable amount of heat for the purpose of evapo-
rating the water more rapidly than is practicable with the stoves as heretofore
constructed.
In
Another part of our present invention has for its object to provide the said
stoves with transparent panels or sides through which the fire may be seen.
order to effect this object we provide the front side or other part of the stove
which we desire to make transparent with a row of fire-bars ; these bars are
by preference, arranged vertically, and in such a manner as to occupy the same
position as is occupied usually by the fire-brick lining of the stove, thereby
permitting the light of the fire to shine through the said bars and admitting
air to the fuel. These fire-bars are in some cases made solid, but we prefer to make
them hollow or tubular as shewn so that a current of cold air enters them at one
end, and passing through them serves to keep them cool and at the same time
supplies a quantity of highly heated air for facilitating the combustion of the gases
which escape above the fuel, before they pass into the chimney. In front of the
said bars a few inches distant therefrom we place a door m having transparent
panels m' formed of talc glass or other suitable material. The glass may be plain
or of any desired color the said panels may be in the form of narrow strips or
circular pieces or they may be otherwise suitably formed to prevent fracture of the
same by the heat. In some cases the said panels are made in the form of lenses to
magnify the light of the fire or they may be made of thin glass of a concavo-
convex form, or with concentric corrugations. We sometimes fix these transparent
pauels in the said door by means of thin brass or copper bushings or flanges n

page_text: Figures 9 and 10, or simply by placing each of them in a cavity o Figure 11
formed in the door to receive it. The said door may be hinged or bolted but is
preferably hinged so that it may easily be opened for cleaning the panels or for
other purposes.
When the said door is placed on the front of the stove it may be made to cover
the part usually occupied by the air door of the stove, in this case the fire-bara
are arranged to draw their supply of air through a horizontal transverse tube p
below which there is a space available for the removal of fuel from the fuel chamber,
and air may be admitted for combustion by any suitable devices such as the
revolving plates described in the said former Specification.
Figure 12 shews a modification of this stove in which the door m with trans-
parent panels is fitted only on the upper part of the stove, an air door f being
arranged below the door m.
According to another part of our Invention we provide our improved stove with
a boiler q. In some cases the said boiler is placed in the smoke chamber as shewn
in Figure 13, so that the smoke or hot gases or other products of combustion on
leaving the fire, may surround the said boiler, We also provide the stove with
two smoke outlet nozzles r one leading directly from the fuel chamber band the
other from the smoke chamber s in which the boiler is placed. By means of a
connecting tube t and a valve t' (or valves) between the two above mentioned
outlets, the smoke may be made either to pass directly into the chimney or to enter
by an opening &' into the smoke chamber and pass around the boiler, as shown
by the arrows in the said Figure, for the purpose of heating the water therein.
We sometimes place the boiler q above the fuel chamber as shown in Figure 14,
and by means of the double nozzle and the valve t¹ the smoke and gases can
be made to pass either directly into the chimney or to enter the space s² below the
boiler by the aperture 83 and then pass into the chimney, as may be desired.
Another part of our Invention relates to an improved mode of constructing
the stoves illustrated in Figures 16, 17 and 18 of the Drawings accompanying the
said former Specification, whereby greater heating surface is obtained than has
heretofore been practicable and a more perfect joint is made between the sections
or gills
This part of our Invention is shown in Figures 15 to 19, the sides and top of
the stove are composed, as described in the said former Specification, of a series of
gills or sections A bolted together. These gills are so made that when they are
bolted together they form in longitudinal section a series of corrugations as shown
in Figure 16. In some parts these corrugations are continued to a considerable
depth as shown in Figure 15 and in this case they may be connected by short
nozzles or tubes to act as sinoke passages or flues as hereinafter described.
The said sections or gills may be jointed in the usual manner, but we prefer to
make an improved joint which serves to retain the cement more effectually than
the ordinary joints, and which can be readily filled with fresh cement, in case of
defect without taking the sections or gills apart.
This joint is formed as follows, that is to say, each section or gill is provided on
one side with a tongue B and a cavity or recess C and on the other side with a
groove D to receive the tongue B, and with a bevelled flange E which coincides
with the cavity or recess C, when two of the sections or gills are placed together,
so as to form a passage or channel opening towards the outside of the stove,
Any suitable jointing cement may be calked into this passage or channel if the
joint should become defective. This improved joint is so placed on the gills as to
be at a considerable distance from the fire.
Instead of making the smoke flues at the back of the fuel-chamber, we sometimes
place them above the same or at each side thereof. In the stove shown in
Figures 15, 16 and 17 the flues F are formed integrally with the sections or gills
of the stove, that is to say, a portion of each flue is formed in each section or gill
so as to constitute in a series of sections or gills one continuous flue. A small

page_text: quantity of smoke can enter this continuous flue from each section or gill, but the
baffle plates G prevent the whole or the greater part of the smoke entering the
said flue by any one opening.
The arrows in Figure 17 show the direction in which the smoke travels when
passing around the edges of the said baffle plates into the flue. One half of the
baffle plate is cast on each section or gill so that when two gills are placed together
the complete baffle plate is formed as shown in Figure 16.
A door H is provided at one end of the flue to permit the same to be cleaned
by brushing or otherwise.
By making the stove in this manner, more heating surface is obtained, by reason
of the form of the sections or gills, than can be obtained by the ordinary mode of
manufacture, while the arrangement of self-contained side flues ensures the reception
by each gill of its fair proportion of heat.
The division plate I prevents the smoke entering the chimney directly, although
it can be permitted to do so, when lighting the fire for example, by opening the
door J. This door can be opened or closed from the outside by means of a rod or
chain or other suitable contrivance, Air channels K behind the fire brick lining of
the fuel-space admit heated fresh air above the fuel to mix with and consume the
gases in the manner described herein and in the said former Specification. The
bottom of the fuel-chamber may be of solid fire-clay for slow combustion; or it
may be a grating composed of fire-bars as shewn.
In the modification of this stove as shown in Figures 18 and 19., the smoke
flues F F are formed of separate tubes L. These tubes are bolted or otherwise
secured to the front and rear sections; The smoke in this case traverses the wholo
length of the interior of the gills and then passes back again through one of the
side flues F¹ towards the front of the stove; it then passes across the front of the
stove and entering the other side flue F passes through it to the back of the stove
where it escapes through the nozzle at the back into the chimney, as shewn by the
arrows in Figure 18 giving out its heat on the way.
The flanges of the sections or gills are cast with deep folds or corrugations to
increase the heating surface and allow for expansion.
Having thus fully described our said Invention and the manner of performing
the same we wish it understood that we claim :—
First. The combination with the fuel-chamber, of the ashes chamber or receptacle
below the same with or without the removal pan, substantially as described with
reference to either of the modifications shewn in Figure 1 Figure 4 or Figure 6 of
the Drawings for the purpose specified.
Second. The pivotted bar having a series of downwardly projecting teeth which
retain the fuel in the fuel-chamber but allow the ashes to fall between or below
them, substantially as set forth.
Third. The construction of the stove with a central grating in the bottom of the
fuel-chamber and with a rod for moving the said grating to shake the ashes and
dust into the receptacle below, substantially as set forth.
Fourth. The construction of the stove with the transparent sides, panels or
lenses, and with the row of vertical fire bars with or without the horizontal
transverse tube, all substantially as, and for the purposes, set forth.
Fifth, The modification of our invention wherein the stove is provided with a
boiler fitted in or above the smoke chamber and with the outlet nozzles and the
valve or valves, substantially as, and for the purposes, set forth.
Sixth. A stove constructed with the side flues formed externally to the sections
or gills or passing through the same substantially as described with reference to
Figures 15 to 19 of the Drawings for the purpose specified.
Seventh. The modification of our stove in which the gills or sections have deep
folds or corrugations substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Eighth. The construction of each section or gill of the stove with a tongue and
a cavity or recess in one side and a groove and bevelled flange on the other side

page_text: so that when two sections or gills are placed together an improved joint will be
formed remote from the fire, substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof we the said John Alexander Hanna and Thomas Foulkes
Shillington have hereunto set our hands and seals this Eleventh day of October
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
ΤΟΝ ΔΙΕΚΑΝΟΕΡ ΠΑΝΤΑΤΑ