IMPROVE- MENTS IN CARTRIDGES FOR BREECH LOADING FIRE ADMO "
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Jones and Frederick James Jones, both of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CARTRIDGES FOR BREECH LOADING FIRE ADMO "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Jones and Frederick
James Jones at the: Office. of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 22nd August 1867.
We, JOSEPH JONES and FREDERICK JAMES JONES, both of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGES FOR BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as
follows:-
Our improvements relate to the manufacture of those cartridges which
carry or contain their own means of ignition, and while applicable to cartridges
generally, whether central-fire or pin, are more especially intended as further
improvements upon an Invention for " Improvements in Cartridges for
Breech-loading Fire-arms," for which Letters Patent under the Great Seal of
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland were granted to us
October the 4th, 1865, No. 2542.
Our improvements consist,―
First, in forming either in the cartridge or the structure of the cartridge
a self-acting valve or gas check, by which the operation of the gas produced
by and resulting from the explosion of the powder charge is effectually

page_text: prevented from expanding the head of the cartridge or the filling of the
head or the rim or portion of the cartridge case intended to be embraced
by the extractor of the gun or rifle for the purpose of its withdrawal from
the arm, and by thus entirely excluding the gas from operating upon and
expanding the cartridge head, thus obviating and avoiding its sticking or
jamming in the chamber of the arm upon or after explosion, we greatly
facilitate the extraction of the expended cartridge case from the weapon.
This self-sealing valve or gas check further prevents the case of the cartridge
being ruptured or cut against the metal of the head, or the head itself burst,
by the explosion of the powder charge, and by the application of the gas
check perfect safety in the use of this improved system of cartridge is ensured.
and the dangerous results arising from the accidental blowing open of the
breech which has hitherto often occurred with cartridges as at present
constructed is avoided. By the adoption of this system of gas check we are
enabled. to produce a more efficient cartridge than has been previously
attained, and we do so by a more simple and less, costly process of manufacture,
it not being important when this gas check arrangement is used that the rim
or head of the cartridge should fit the chamber of the weapon so exactly as is
now requisite, and exactitude of guage becomes of little moment.
Second, in strengthening the base of the tube or case of composite cartridges
by an additional wrap of metal or composite material for a short distance
of its length from the head, the additional wrap being of the same piece of
metal as that forming the structure of the case; this additional width of
wrap is obtained in some instances by a process of cutting, which economises
the metal or other material of the tube or case.
Third, in attaching the barrel tube or case of the cartridge to the head
independently of its being compressed into the hollow rim or shoulder of the
head and held in position by the wad, whether such head be formed of a
perforated disc of metal usually denominated a solid head," or whether the
head be formed of a compound of metal and other material.
Fourth, in compressing the case of the cartridge into the hollow rim of the
head and securing it in position by a modification of the means secured to
us in. the Letters Patent above. referred to, and either or not combined with
the improvements herein embraced for forming a self-acting valve or gas
check.
"
Fifth, in affording greater facility for repriming expended cartridge cases
by placing the anvil within the percussion cap, and by securing the anvil in
that position in obtaining increased safety under all circumstances by avoiding
the abrasion of the fulminate of the cap by the anvil.

page_text: In these our improvements we form the cartridge essentially as described
in our Specification of Letters Patent above referred to, but in addition thereto
we form,-
First, the self-acting valve or self-sealing gas check in the manner.
following: In the structure or formation of cartridges with these our present
improvements we roll the barrel tube or case of metal and paper or metal
and woven fibrous fabric or other combination, and to this tube or case we
attach a metal head with cup or chamber arranged to receive the igniting
medium, the metal head being formed to receive a mass or wad of pulp of
paper or other material, which by solidification is compressed into and fills
the head, retaining the case in position in the manner described in our
Specification of Letters Pateut above referred to. In addition thereto we
roll or draw up a short tube of thin metal, either with or without a covering
of paper or woven fibrous fabric, which is slightly turned over at one end.
We also form a shallow cupped disc or dished valve as a modification of our
inner metallic cup or lining on the face of and over or partially embedded in
the pulp or wad, as described and claimed as of our Invention in the Specifica-
tion of Letters Patent above referred to, which cupped' disc or valve may be
of metal, such as copper, brass, lead, soft iron, steel, or of any suitable elastic
flexible fabric, such as india-rubber or compounds thereof, or other material
of a similar elastic or flexible nature. This cupped disc or dished or thimble-
shaped valve is perforated in its central portion to pass over the end of the
cup or cap chamber of the head, and is placed in the tube of the cartridge
over and upon the usual wad or filling of the head, which wad or filling is so
arranged that the valve cannot be. placed below the edge of the flange of the
head, and inside this thimble-shaped valve or metallic lining we place the
short tube, by preference of coiled metal similar to that forming the outer
case, the whole being held in position by a thin wad or washer of paper or
other suitable material, and either with or without using shellac or other
similar material or varnish to hold the several portions in their proper
positions; but for the sake, of economy or for the purpose of encreasing the
space for the powder charge we can dispense with this thin wad, and in such
case the cupped disc or valve may be coated with shellac, varuish, or other
suitable material which we use in place of the thin wad, and which effectually
retains the valve and short tube or either in their respective positions. We
sometimes vary
these arrangements by omitting the short tube entirely, and
in place thereof we modify the shallow dished cup or valve forming the gas
check to suit the altered requirements.
We do not confine ourselves to either of the herein described modes of

page_text: forming or applying a self-sealing valve or gas check, as the same may be varied
and modified without departing from the essential features of our Invention.
In the second part of these our improvements we sometimes dispense
entirely with the short inner tube, and form the outer tube with an additional
wrap of metal or composite material for a short distance of its length from
the head, the metal or composite material being cut in such a form that the
additional wrap may be of a part or piece with that forming the outer tube,
and this system of strengthening the base of the tube or case may be applied
to any system of cartridge where a thin sheet of metal is in any way employed
in the structure of the tube or case.
The third part of this our Invention consists in a combination of parts for
attaching the barrel, tube, or case to the head independently of its being
compressed into the hollow rim or shoulder of the head, and held in position
by the wad. We accomplish this by means of the double-flanged cup
described and claimed as of our Invention in the Specification of Letters
Patent above referred to, whether such head-be formed of a perforated
disc of metal usually denomiated a "solid" head, or whether the head be
formed of a compound of metal and other material. In this part of our
Invention we return the coiled or rolled metal case up to and as far,
as the cup or cap chamber, and within this we place the cupped disc,
or valve berein-before referred to, together with the short tube, which in,
this instance is also turned over at the end up to and as far as the
cup, and upon or over the returned end of this tube is placed a thin wad
or washer of paper or other material, the whole being then placed inside a
metal cup or shell, which serves the purpose of the usual flange of the head..
The independent double-flanged cup or cap chamber is modified in its configura-
tion, and so arranged that in affixing it to the back plate, disc, or solid head the
several portions are attached and held firmly in position. We sometimes,
prefer to form the head or dise of a shell of thin metal with a lighter material,,
such as papier machie inserted; the edges of this thin shell of metal. may or
may not be turned over this material, and the shell of metal may be on one
side only of the head, or on both sides, or on either, as may be most convenient;
or the cap chamber may form a part of the disc or head, and the tube or case,
with the valve and other parts may be attached to the head by the forward.
nortion of the cup being flattened down to form a flange upon it, or a double-
Hanged cup may be used as herein-before described. It is not essential
bat the valve or gas check arrangements should form a part of the
combination here described, as the same may or may not be employed without,
interfering with this our Invention. Or, in place of any of the herein or
.

page_text: previously described modes of constructing cartridges, we form the head of a
shell of metal perforated to receive the cup or cap chamber and turned up at
its outer edge to the depth of the ordinary rim or thickness of the solid back
plate of the head; within this is placed another thin cup or shell of metal.
also perforated for the cup or cap chamber, and these may or may not be
attached by means of our double-flanged cup or by rivetting the two together,
this thin cup or shell of metal being externally of the same diameter as the
flange or portion of the head forward of the rim, and the place of which it
Supplies. Within this again the tube or case of the cartridge is placed as also
the pulp or wad, and either with or without our gas check arrangements.
By the operation of compressing the wad or solidifying the entire case the
thin shell is expanded at its lower part within the outer shell to the limit
allowed by the turned up edge of the shell, and thus the rim or shoulder is
formed by which the expended cartridge case is withdrawn from the chainber
of the arm.
The fourth part of this our Invention consists of a combination of parts in
which a metal head is employed with a hollow rim or shoulder, into which the
metal or composite case is forced by the operation of compressing the pulp
filling or wad of the head; over this wad is placed the thin cupped disc or
valve of metal herein-before described as forming a gas check, together with
the short tube of metal and thin wad or washer or modifications of the
arrangement of an inner disc lining put in as a thimble to secure the bead
and case by filling the rim, as described in the Specification of our Letters
Patent above referred to, and therein applied to metallic cartridges.
The fifth part of our improvements consists of a mode of placing the anvil,
within the percussion cap, and by turning over the mouth of the cap securing
the anvil in that position, in such a manner that no abrasion of the fulminate
of. the cap can take place. By this improvement the means of repriming
the expended cartridge case are rendered more easy, as it is only essential to
push out the old cap and anvil in the ordinary way and replace a new cap
containing the anvil, as berein described. This method of placing and securing
the anvil within the cap has the further advantage of preventing the
cap being
blown back beyond the face of the head, and also of preventing any escape
of gas between the outside of the cap and the walls of the cup or cap
chamber:

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Jones and Frederick James Jones in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 22nd February 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we; JOSEPH
JONES and FREDERICK JAMES JONES, both of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day. of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of
Her reign, did, for, Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Joseph Jones and Frederick James Jones, Her special licence
that we, the said Joseph Jones and Frederick James Jones, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Joseph Jones
and Frederick James Jones, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might.make,
use, exercise, and.,vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an. Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CARTRIDGES FOR BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said. Joseph Jones and Frederick James Jones,
our executors or, administrators, by an instrument; in writing under our,. or.
one of our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we,, the said Joseph Jones and Frederick James
Jones, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained, in and by the following statement, reference 'being had to the
accompanying Drawings, that is to say:―
Our improvements relate to, the manufacture of those cartridges which carry
or contain their own means of ignition, and while applicable to cartridges
generally, whether "central-fire" or "pin," are more especially intended as
further improvements upon an Invention for "Improvements in Cartridges for
Breech-loading Fire-arms," for which Letters Patent under the Great Seal of
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland were granted to us October
4th, 1865, No. 2542.

page_text: Our improvements consist,-
First. In forming either in the cartridge or the structure of the cartridge a
self-acting valve or gas check, by which the operation of the gas produced by aud
resulting from the explosion of the powder charge is effectually prevented from
expanding the head of the cartridge, or the filling of the head, or the rim or
portion of the cartridge case intended to be embraced by the extractor of the
gun or rifle for the purpose of its withdrawal from the arm, and by thus
entirely excluding the gas from operating upon and expanding the cartridge
head, thus obviating and avoiding its sticking or jamming in the chamber of
the arm upon or after explosion, we greatly facilitate the extraction of the
expended cartridge case from the weapon. This self-sealing valve or gas
check further prevents the case of the cartridge being ruptured or cut against
the metal of the head, or the head itself burst by the explosion of the powder
charge, and by the application of this gas check perfect safety in the use of
this improved system of cartridge is ensured, and the dangerous results arising
from the accidental blowing open of the breech, which has. hitherto often
occurred with cartridges as at present constructed, is avoided. By the adoption
of this system of gas check we are enabled to produce.a more efficient cartridge
than has been previously attained, and we do so by a more simple and less
costly process of manufacture, it not being important when this gas check
arrangement is used that the rim or head of the cartridge should fit the chamber
of the, weapon so exactly as is now requisite, and exactitude of guage thus
becomes of little moment.
Second. In strengthening the base of the tube or case of composite cartridges
by an additional wrap of metal or composite material for a short distance of
its length from the bead, the additional wrap being of the same piece of metal
as that forming the structure of the case. This additional width of wrap iş
obtained in some instances by a process of cutting which economises the metal
or other material of the tube or case.
Third. In attaching the. barrel, tube, or case of the cartridge to the head
independently of its being compressed into the hollow rim or shoulder of the
head and held in position by the wad, whether such head be formed of a per-
forated disc of metal usually denominated a "solid head," or whether the head
be formed of a compound of metal and other material, or of a shell of metal,.
all as herein-after described.
Fourth. In compressing the case of the cartridge into the hollow rim of
the head and securing it in position by a modification of the means secured
to us in the Letters Patent above referred to, and either or not combined with

page_text: -
the improvements nerein embraced for forming a self-acting valve or gas
check.
Fifth. In affording greater facility for repriming expended cartridge cases
by placing the anvil within the percussion cap, and by securing the anvil in
that position in obtaining increased safety under all circumstances by avoiding
the abrasion of the fulminate of the cap by the anvil.
In these our improvements we form the cartridge essentially as described
in our Specification of Letters Patent above referred to, but in addition thereto
we form,-
First. The self-acting valve or self-sealing gas check in the manner
following-In the structure or formation of cartridges with these our present
improvements we roll the barrel, tube, or case of metal and paper, or metal
and woven fibrous fabric, or other combination, or of paper only, and to this
tube or case we attach a metal head with cup or chamber arranged to receive
the igniting medium, the metal head being formed to receive a mass or wad
of pulp of paper or other material, which by solidification is compressed into
and fills the head, retaining the case in position in the manner described in
our Specification of Letters Patent above referred to. In addition thereto we
róll or draw up or otherwise form a short tube of thin metal, either with or
without a covering of paper or woven fibrous fabric, which is slightly turned
over at one end. We also form a shallow cupped disc or dished valve as a
modification of our inner metallic cup or lining on the face of and over or
partially embedded in the pulp or wad, as described and claimed as of our
Invention in the Specification of Letters Patent above referred to, which cup,
disc, or valve may be of metal, such as copper, brass, lead, soft iron, steel, or
of any suitable elastic flexible fabric, such as india-rubber or compounds
thereof, or other material of a similar elastic or flexible nature. This cupped
dise or dished or thimble-shaped valve is perforated in its central portion to
pass over the end of the cup or cap chamber of the head, and is placed in the
tube of the cartridge over and upon the usual wad or filling of the head,
which wad or filling is so arranged that the valve cannot be placed below
the edge of the flange of the head, and inside this thimble-shaped valve or
metallic lining we place the short tube, by preference of coiled metal similar
to that forming the outer case, the whole being held in position by a thin wad
or washer of paper or woven fibrous fabric or other suitable material, and
either with or without using shellac or other similar material or varnish to
hold the several portions in their proper positions; but for the sake of economy,
or for the purpose of increasing the space for the powder charge, we can

page_text: dispense with this thin wad, and in such case the cupped disc or valve may be
coated with shellac, varnish, or other suitable material, which we use in place
of the thin wad, and which effectually retains the valve and short tube or either
in their respective positions. We sometimes vary these arrangements by
omitting the short tube entirely, and in place thereof we modify the shallow
dished cup or valve forming the gas check to suit the altered requirements.
We do not confine ourselves to either of the herein-described modes of
'forming or applying a self-sealing valve or gas check, as the same may be
varied and modified without departing from the essential features of our
'Invention.
In the second part of these our improvements we sometimes dispense
entirely with the short inner tube, and form the outer tube with an additional
wrap of metal or composite material for a short distance of its length from
the head, the metal or composite material being cut in such a form that the
additional wrap may be of a part or piece with that forming the outer tube,
and this system of strengthening the base of the tube or case may be applied
to any system of cartridge where a thin sheet of metal is in any way employed
in the structure of the tube or case.
The third part of this our Invention consists in a combination of parts for
attaching the barrel, tube, or case to the head independently of its being
compressed into the hollow rim or shoulder of the head, and held in position
by the wad. We accomplish this by means of the doubled-flanged cup
described and claimed as of our Invention' in the Specification of Letters
Patent above referred to, whether such head be formed of a perforated disc
of metal usually denominated a "solid" head, or whether the head be formed of
a compound of metal and other material. In this part of our Invention we
return the coiled or rolled metal case up to and as far as the cup or cap
chamber, and within this. we place the cupped disc- or valve berein-before
referred to, together with the short tube, which in this instance is also turned
over at the end up to and as far as the cup, and upon or over the returned
end of this tube is placed a thin wad or washer of paper or other material, the
whole being then placed inside à metal cup or shell which serves the purpose
of the usual flange of the head. The independent double-flanged cup or cap
chamber is modified in its configuration, and so arranged that in affixing it
to the back plate, disc, or solid head the several portions are attached and
held firmly in position. We sometimes prefer to form the head or disc of a shell
of thin metal with a lighter material, such as papier machie, inserted; the edges
of this thin shell of metal may or may not be turned over this material, and
the shell of metal may be on one side only of the head, or on both sides, or

page_text: on either, as may be most, convenient; or the, cap chamber may form part of
the disc or head, and the tube or case with the valve and other parts be
.attached to the head by the forward portion of the cup being flattened down
to form a flange upon it, or a double-flanged cup may be used as herein-
before described. It is not essential that the valve or gas check should form
a part of the combination here described, as the same may or may not be
employed without interfering with this our Invention. Or, in place of any
of the herein or previously described modes of constructing cartridges, we
form the head of a shell of metal perforated to receive the cup or cap
chamber and turned up at its outer edge to the depth of the ordinary rim
or thickness of the solid back plate of the head; within this is placed
another thin cup or shell of metal, also perforated for the cup or cap
chamber, and these may or may not be attached by means of our double-
flanged cup or by rivetting the two together, this thin cup or shell of metal
being externally of the same diameter as the flange or portion of the head
forward of the rim. and the place of which it supplies. Within this again the
tube or case of the cartridge is placed, as also the pulp and wad, and either
with or without our gas check arrangements. By the operation of compressing
the wad or solidifying the entire case the thin shell is expanded at its lower
part within the outer shell to the limit allowed by the turned up edge of the
outer shell, and thus the rim or shoulder is formed by which the expended
cartridge case is withdrawn from the chamber of the arm; or this turned up
edge of the outer shell may in the operation of closing or solidifying the case
or otherwise be slightly drawn inwards over the shoulder thus formed upon
and-by the inner shell and structure of the cartridge. We sometimes form
an annular or other shaped groove or depression in the back plate or disc or
shell of the bead for the purpose of obtaining additional strength or to reduce
the weight, and in some instances we insert in the space so formed a ring of
metal or other material, as shewn upon the Drawings..
The fourth part of this our Invention consists of a combination of parts in
which a metal head is employed with a hollow rim or shoulder into which the
metal or composite case is forced by the operation of compressing the pulp
filling or wad of the head; over this wad is placed the thin cupped disc
or valve of metal herein-before described as forming a gas check, together
with the short tube of metal and thin wad or washer or modifications of the :
arrangement of an inner disc, put in as a thimble to secure the head and case
by filling the rim, as described in the Specification of our Letters Patent above
referred to, and therein applied to metallic cartridges.
The fifth part of our improvements consists of a mode of placing the anvil.

page_text: within the percussion cap, and by turning over the mouth of the cap securing
the anvil in that position in such a manner that no abrasion of the fulminate
of the cap.cau take place. By this improvement the means of repriming.the
expended cartridge case is rendered more easy, as it is only essential to push the
old cap and anvil out of the expended cartridge case in the ordinary way, and
to replace a new cap carrying or containing the anvil as herein, described. This
method of placing and securing the anvil within the percussion cap has the
further advantage of preventing the cap being blown back beyond the
face of the back plate of the head, and also of preventing any escape of
chamber.
gas between the outside of the cap and the walls of the cup or cap
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Similar letters of reference refer to like parts in all the Figures..
t is the tube or case; t' is the additional wrap of metal, t' shewing the top.
and t the bottom of the strip of metal cut in the manner described, and .by
which the additional wrap gained; h is the head; h¹ is the disc or "solid"
head; h is the head composed of metal and lighter material; h is the per-
forated shell of metal forming the head; h is the metal cup or shell in place.
of the usual flange of the head; h³ is the groove or depression in the back
plate of the head; he is the ring of metal wire or other material; c is the
cup or cap chamber solid to the head; k is the loose or double-flanged cup;
r is the rim or shoulder; and p is the pulp or filling of the head; s is the..
short tube; vis the valve or gas check; w is the thin wad or washer; a is
the anvil; e is the percussion cap; f is the fulminate.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a cartridge complete with the self..
acting valve or self-sealing gas check; herein described; Figure 2 is a longi-..
tudinal section of the short tube of thin metal; Figure 3 is a longitudinal
section, and Figure 4 an end view of the valve or gas check as detached;:
Figure 5 is a longitudinal section of a complete cartridge with the self-acting
gas
check, but without the thin inner wad; Figure 6 is a longitudinal section
of a cartridge with the gas check or valve, but without the short tube;
Figure 7 is a longitudinal section of a complete cartridge, in which the wad.
or filling of the head is dispensed with, and the form of the gas check modified,
it being in this instance secured to the back plate of the head by, our double-
flanged cup; Figure 8 is an external side view, and Fig. 9 a longitudinal
5 section of a complete cartridge with the additional wrap of metal or composite.
material formed in a piece with the outer tube; Figure 10 shewing one mode
of economising the metal or composite material, and by which the additional
wrap may be obtained for the lower or head end of the tube; Figures 11, 12,

page_text: and 13 are longitudinal sections of complete cartridges shewing modes of
attaching the barrel, tube, or case to the head; independently of its being
compressed into the hollow rim or shoulder of the head; in Fig. 13 the rim
of the head being formed by turning the shell of metal forming the back plate
over an annular disc or ring of metal of any convenient section; and Figures
14 and 15 shew a section and end view of the metal cup or shell, which serves
the purpose of the usual flange of the head detached. Figures 16, 17,
and 18 shew longitudinal sections of the back plate of the head of the cart-
ridge formed of thin metal filled with a lighter material. In Fig. 16 the
metal shell is shewn on the inner side of the bead, and turned over the rim,
the metel cup or shell * being rivetted to this back plate, as shewn by the
dotted lines. In Figure 17 the metal shell is shewn on the outer side of the
head, and turned over the rim ; and Figure 18 shews the metal shell on both
sides of the head completely enclosing the lighter material. Figure 19 is a
section of a solid bead with the cup or cap chamber solid to and of a piece
with the same; Figure 20 being a longitudinal section of a complete cartridge
with the back plate and cup or cap chamber solid to the same, the forward
portion of the cup being flattened down to form a flange upon it. Figure 21
is a longitudinal section of a complete cartridge with a composite black plate
and rivetted metal shell in lieu of flange, the tube or case being attached to
the same, and held firmly in position with wad or filling of the bead by our
double-flanged cup, in this instance the gas check arrangements being omitted.
Figure 22 is a longitudinal section of a complete cartridge with the head
formed of a shell of metal. perforated to receive the cup, and turned up at its
outer edge as described, with a shell of metal in the place of the ordinary flange
of the head, also perforated for the double-flanged cup, by which it is attached
to the back plate of the head, and which inner shell of metal is expanded by
the process of compressing the several parts of the cartridge, and thereby with
the outer shell forming the rim or shoulder of the head. Figure 23 is a
section, and Figure 24 an end view of the metal shell forming the head;
Figure 25 is a section and Figure 26 an end view of the inner shell before
compression. Figure 27 is a part section of a cartridge with the outer shell
of the head drawn inwards over the shoulder formed by the solidification of the.
parts of the case. Figures 28 and 29 shew sections of heads with an annular
groove or depression, the one half of each having a ring of metal inserted.
Figure 30 shews a longitudinal section of a cartridge with a shell of metal
forming the back plate with a depressed groove, the outer edge turned over
a ring of metal to form the rim, as in Figure 13. Figure 31 is a longitudinal
section of a complete cartridge shewing one of the combinations described in

page_text: the 4th part of these our improvements. Figures 32 and 33 shew on, an
enlarged scale sectional views of our mode of securing the anvil within the
percussion cap.
And having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, we declare that we do not limit our;
selves to the precise details berein-before described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawings, as the same may be varied without departing from
the essential features of our Invention; but at the same time we do not
claim the whole of the parts when taken separately, but only when com-
bined, as herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings; but we claim as our improvements in cartridges for breech-loading
fire-arms,
First, the arrangements or combinations of parts constituting a self-acting
valve or self-sealing gas check, substantially as berein-before described, and
for the purposes named and as illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7,
and modifications of the same.
Second, the arrangements of a short additional wrap of metal or other
material, such additional wrap being of a part or piece with that forming 'the
structure of the tube or case, and the mode or process of cutting the material
for the same so as to avoid waste, as illustrated in Figures 8, 9, and 10, or
modifications of the same, and substantially in the manner described and for
the purposes named.
Third, the arrangements or combinations of and for attaching the barrel,
tube, or case to the head independently of its being compressed into the hollow
rim or shoulder of the head, as illustrated in Figures 11,, 12, 13, 14, 15, 19,
20, 21, 25, 26, and 27, with the various arrangements and methods of forming
the back plates of cartridge heads as illustrated in Figures 16, 17, and 18,
and either with or without annular grooves and metal or other rings inserted
in the same, as illustrated in Figures 28, 29, and 30, and the arrangements
and combinations of head with rim formed as described and illustrated by
Figures 22, 23, and 24, substantially in the manner described and for the
purposes named in the third part of these our improvements and modifications
of the same.
Fourth, the arrangements or combinations of parts for compressing the
5 case of the cartridge into the hollow rim of the head, substantially as described
in the fourth part of these our improvements, and as illustrated in Figure 31,
and modifications of the same.
Fifth, the arrangements or combinations for placing and retaining the
anvil within the percussion cap, substantially as described in the fifth part of

page_text: these our improvements, and as illustrated in Figures 32 and 33, and modi-
fications of the same.
And, lastly, we further claim the application of any or all the foregoing
arrangements or combinations or any mere modifications thereof to all
descriptions of self-ignition cartridges.
In witness whereof, we, the said Joseph Jones and Frederick James
Jones, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-first day of
February, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-eight.
JOSEPH JONES."
(L.S.)
FREDERICK JAMES JONES. (L.S.)
JOSEPH JONES.
(L.S.)
FREDERICK JAMES JONES. . (L.S.)