IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING TILES OR PLATES OF IRON, ZINC, OR OTHER METAL SHEETS TO BE USED FOR ROOFING AND FOR IRON HOUSES AND THER STRUCTURES
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Dénoon Young, of Edinburgh, in the
County of Mid Lothian, North Britain, Iron and Wire Fence
Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING TILES
OR PLATES OF IRON, ZINC, OR OTHER METAL SHEETS TO BE USED FOR ROOFING
AND FOR IRON HOUSES AND THER STRUCTURES."
Sealed the 20th April 1869, and dated the 27th October 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Denoon
Young at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 27th October 1868.
I, WILLIAM DENOON YOUNG, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid
Lothian, North Britain, Iron and Wire Fence Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING
TILES OR PLATES OF IRON, ZINC, OR OTHER METAL SHEETS TO BE USED FOR ROOFING
AND FOR IRON HOUSES AND OTHER STRUCTURES," to be as follows, that is to
say:―
This Invention relates to the formation and construction of tiles or
plates made of sheets of iron, zinc, or other metals to be used for

page_text: roofing and for iron houses, and other structures. All the edges of the
tiles or plates are bent over in the form of a hook, so that when laid in
place they overlap, catch, or interlock into each other. The joints of-
the tiles or plates by being so interlocked form an effectual protection
against rain or wind passing through. The tiles or plates may be fixed
to the beams or frame by hooks or clips firmly secured to the beams or
frame, the hook portion passing into and bearing upon the overturned
or bent edges of the tiles or plates.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Denoon Young in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 23rd April 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
DENOON YOUNG, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian, North
Britain Iron and Wire Fence Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said William Denoon Young, Her.
special license that I, the said William Denoon Young, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Denoon Young, my exccutors, administrators, or assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS. IN MAKING TILES OR PLATES OF IRON, ZINC, OR OTHER
METAL SHEETS TO BE USED FOR ROOFING AND FOR IRON HOUSES AND OTHER
STRUCTURES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
William Denoon Young, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Denoon Young, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that.
is to say:
My said Invention relates to the formation and construction of tiles
or plates made of sheets of iron, zinc, or other metals to be used for.
roofing and for iron houses and other structures. All the edges of the
tiles or plates are bent over in the form of a hook, so that when laid in
place they overlap, catch, or interlock into each other. The joints of
the tiles or plates by being so interlocked form an effectual protection
against rain or wind passing through. The tiles or plates may be fixed
to the beams or frame by hooks or clips firmly secured to the beams or
frame, the hook portion passing into and bearing upon the overturned
or bent edges of the tiles or plates.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood,.
I now proceed more particularly to set forth the system, mode, or manner
in or under which the same is or may be used or practically carried into
effect, reference being had for the sake of more complete elucidation to
the letters and figures upon the explanatory Sheet of Drawings which I
have hereunto appended, that is to say :-
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation representing my improved tiles, sheets,
or plates applied to two kinds of roofs, that on the right-hand half of the:
Figure being of wood and the left hand of iron:
Figure 2 is a plan, on a larger scale than Figure 1, showing the tiles,
sheets, or plates connected together, the plan being drawn upon the
inclined plane of the roof.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of some tiles, sheets, or plates so
joined, and drawn on the line a, a, Figure 2; Figure 4 is a transverse
section of the same on the line b, b, Figure 2.
Figure 5 represents several tiles, sheets, or plates jointed somewhat
differently to that shown upon the preceding Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4.
Figure 6 is a transverse section of the tiles, sheets, or plates repre-
senting this last arrangement for connecting them together and drawn
upon the line c, c, Figure 5.
Figure 7 is an enlarged section of the horizontal joints of the tiles,

page_text: sheets, or plates showing the manner in which they are attached to the
"purlins" of an iron roof, and here given for the purpose of indicating
the details more clearly than in Figure 1.
Figure 8 is an enlarged section of similar joints showing in like
manner the mode of fastening employed upon wooden roofs, and here
given for the purpose specified in reference to the former Figures.
In Figure 1 A is the main couple of an iron roof B, the " 'purlins'
upon which the tiles, sheets, or plates for covering the roof rest, and to
which they are fastened. The lower one of the two lines marked C
represent in section the tiles, sheets, or plates forming the roof covering,
and the upper line C the ridges formed by the joints of the tiles, sheets,
or plates.
In the enlarged view (Figure 7, where the details of the joints are
clearly shown, A is the main couple of the roof; B is an angle iron
"purlin," upon the lower flange of which the hook or clip G is fixed.
The clip, G is made in the form of a hook and retains the tiles, sheets, or
plates by bing passed over their back-turned edges E and F, and clasped
round the "purlins " B. All the edges of the tiles, sheets, or plates K, K,
in Figure 2, as further illustrated by Figures 3 and 4, are turned back
or overlapped so as to form a hook on each side, but having the opposing
sides L, M, and ends N, O, turned or overlapped in opposite directions,
so that when the tiles, sheets, or plates are fitted or interlocked together
their edges will overlap and join into cach other, a plain and impervious
surface being thus presented for the flow of rain (or water). The tiles,
sheets, or plates are fixed at the gable edges and eaves of the roof to the
framing or walls on which the roof rests, by hooks linked into the
hooked extreme edges of the extreme tiles, sheets, or plates.
In Figure 8 G is the hook or clip hooked over the up-turned edge E
of the under plate F, and nailed securely down to the sarking or
purlins H of a wooden roof, several tiles, sheets, or plates being shown
similarly held together at the right-hand half of Figure 1.
In Figures 5 and 6 where another manner of fitting the tiles, sheets, or
plates together is represented both the longitudinal edges I, I, of the
upper plates are turned down and under the plates. The edges of
the adjoining plates J, J, are turned up over the plates, whilst the
transverse or end edges of all the plates are arranged as herein-before
described in reference to Figures 2, 3, and 4, that is to say, they are
alternately bent round in contrary directions.

page_text: The manner of attaching these last-mentioned plates to the roof is
similar to that hercin-before specified.
Some of the advantages resulting from this Invention arc,-
First. That by this arrangement protection is afforded against the
admission of rain driven back by the wind.
Second. The tiles, sheets, or plates, being so interlocked are tied and
bound to one another that they are not so liable to be torn or blown off
by the force or pressure of the wind, or during storms.
Third. The necessity of piercing the tiles, sheets, or plates for receiving
rivets, screws, or nails is avoided, and roofs of any extent may thus be
firmly and securely covered with tiles, sheets, or plates, without being
injured by holes being made in them.
In lieu of forming the tiles, sheets, or plates quite flat between the hooks
or overlaps they may be formed with small ridges or corrugations at
that part, as shown at a, a, Figures 4 and 6, this being effected without
"loss of sheet," and at the same time the ridges serve to stiffen the tiles,
sheets, or plates, or render them more rigid than when flat. It is
preferred to produce the ridges by stamping or pressing the plates
between dies or matrices, thus utilizing or taking up whatever "slack,"
bag," or "hollow buckling" there may be in the plain plates.
"
The methods herein-before specified of hooking the tiles, sheets, or
plates together, or interlocking them into each other, may also be
applied to common corrugated sheets, but in this case only along their
longitudinal edges, or those edges running in the direction of the
corrugations.
Besides employing the tiles, sheets, or plates, herein-before set forth,
for roofing purposes they may be employed for forming or covering the
upright sides and partitions of houses, doors, and shutters, and for other
structural purposes.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in or under which the same is or may be used or practically
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider
novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me
by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the construction
of metallic tiles, sheets, or plates with their edges overlapped, in either
of the modes specified, and the employment of the same for roofing or

page_text: other structural purposes, substantially as herein-before described and
shown on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Denoon Young, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of April,
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
WILLIAM DENOON YOUNG. (L.S.)