Improvements in and relating to Cement.
Year: 1888

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Cement.
I, JOHN CARRINGTON SELLARS of 68 Bridge Street, Birkenhead, in the County of
Chester, Manufacturing Chemist do hereby declare the nature of my said-invention to
be as follows:-
This Invention has mainly for its object, first, the production of a cement which
shall be more particularly applicable for use in the building of all kinds of erections,
or buildings subject to heat; such as Retort benches, Furnaces, Ovens, Stoves, Fire
places, Gas producers and plant, and the like; and, secondly to the production or
manufacture of a composition used as an ingredient in the manufacture or production
of cements, or capable of admixture with cements to impart to them a certain
condition hereinafter described.
Although I have described this Invention as being more particularly applicable to
that class of cements which are very useful in building walls or erections subjected to
more or less artificial heat, yet it is intended that it may be applied to all kinds of
plastering or building cements. But for brevity and convenience of description I will
set forth my Invention as applied.to, or in connection with, the production of what I
may term fire cements.
Cement according to this Invention is composed of a material having, the ordinary
or adhesive qualities and being of a fluvial plastic consistency; that is it is of such a
consistency that it will slip or flow easily into the cavities pores or interstices of
brick work, when being spread or in laying bricks; and at the same time it preserves
this condition, even when in contact witli air for a lengthened period. The com-
position above named according to this Invention has also the same or a similar
consistency and the same preservative qualities as to maintainance of its fluvial plastic
condition.
In making a fire cement according to this Invention, I take as a base, say that
known as 16
Sellars Cement," and to this I add and admix an alkaline composition, of
fluvial plastic nature, and one which maintains that nature or consistency.
The alkali or alkaline substance-which is preferably soda-of this composition is
first mixed with a vehicle of any suitable kiud, such as flour, rosin, oil (vegetable or

page_text: animal), Tallow, Grease, or like or equivalent substance; or a combination of such
substances. This compound is then heated and mixed with water, or by preference a
solution of silicate of soda, and cooled, in which condition it possesses a semi-fluid
consistency. The composition may now have added to it, sand, ground quartz or other
like silicious material; or it may be used without this material. The use or non use
of the silicious material depending upon circumstances or requirements.
This composition then, may either be mixed with the Sellars or other cement
constituting a fluvial plastic cement; or it may constitute a composition or manu-
facture under this Invention, and be made, and sold by itself for mixing with other
ordinary cements, mortars or clays used in brick laying.
Although it is preferable that the semi-fluid composition be composed of all three
sets, of ingredients just described, it is to be understood it may if desired or desirable
be made of one or two of such sets. For instance if the alkali be boiled and mixed
with oil the composition would be of a fluvial plastic nature, and may be added to
the cement direct. I would state that the materials herein named merely constitute
examples which can be used with advantage in the composition or cement according
to my Invention, and it must therefore be understood that I do not confine myself
to their use, solely, as various materials of like or equivalent natures or effects may
be used in their stead, without departing from this. Invention.
Dated this 26th day of April 1888

page_text: Improvements in and relating to Cement.
I, JOHN CARRINGTON SELLARS, of 68 Bridge Street, Birkenhead, in the County of
Chester, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This Invention has mainly for its object, first, the production of a cement which
shall be more particularly applicable for use in the building of all kinds of erections,
or buildings, subject to heat; such as Retort benches, Furnaces, Ovens, Stoves, Fire
places,. Gas producers and plant, and the like; and secondly to the production or
manufacture of a composition used as an ingredient in the manufacture or production
of cements, or capable of admixture with cements to impart to them a certain condition
hereinafter described.
Although I have described this Invention as being more particularly applicable to
that class of cements which are very useful in building walls or erections.subjected to
more or less artificial heat, yet it is intended that it may be applied to all kinds of
plastering or building cements: But for brevity and convenience of description I will
set forth my Invention as applied to, or in connection with, the production of what I
may term fire cements.
5
Čement according to this Invention is composed of a material having, the ordinary
or adhesive qualities and being of a fluvial plastic consistency; that it is of such a
consistency that it will slip or flow easily into the cavities, pores, or interstices of
brickwork, when being spread or in laying bricks, and at the same time it preserves
this condition, even when in contact with air for a lengthened period. The com-
position above named. according to this Invention has also the same or a similar
consistency and the same preservative qualities as to maintenance of its fluvial plastic
condition.
In making a fire cement according to this Invention, I take as a base, say, any of
those being ingredients such as that known as "Sellars Cement," and the like, and to
this I add and admix an alkaline composition, of fluvial plastic nature, and one which
maintains that nature or consistency.
The alkali or alkaline substance-which is preferably soda-of this composition is
first mixed with a vehicle of any suitable kind, such as flour, of a starchy nature,
resin, oil (vegetable or animal), tallow, grease, or like or equivalent substance; or a
combination of such substances. This compound is then heated and mixed with
water, or a solution of silicate of soda, and cooled, in which condition it possesses
a semi-fluid consistency. The composition may now have added to it, sand, ground.
quartz, or other like silicious material; or it may be used without this material.
The use or non, use of the silicious material depending upon circumstances or
requirements.
This composition then, may either be mixed with the Sellars or other cement.
constituting a fluvial plastic cement; or it may constitute a composition or manu-
facture under this Invention and be made, and sold by itself for mixing with other
ordinary cements, mortars or clays used in brick laying.

page_text: Although it is preferable that the semi-fluid composition be composed of all three
sets of ingredients just described, it is to be understood it may if desired or
desirable be made of one or two of such sets. For instance if the alkali be boiled
and mixed with oil the composition would be of a fluvial plastic nature, and may
be added to the cement direct. As examples of fluvial material capable of being
mixed with cement, mortar or clay for the purposes set forth, I give the following:-
Mix oil say cocoa-nut oil, alkali-say soda, and water and boil them to make
a soapy material of the consistency of treacle. The proportions of the material to
give such a product will be known to those skilled in the art to which this part
of my Invention relates, namely, soap boilers.
Another form of fluvial material is made by mixing flour-one pound to one
gallon of water, and Caustic soda or potash-say one pound in one gallon of water.
In either of these examples the ingredients should be ground together and so
thoroughly mixed and rendered homogeneous.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and in what manner the saine is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. The manufacture substantially herein described comprising as its ingredients a
cement such as specified and an alkaline matter of the nature specified.
2. The manufacture of cement substantially as herein described, consisting in
adding to Cement, clay, mortar or like material, an alkaline fluvial plastic substance,
and then grinding or otherwise mixing said materials together in such a manner
as to cause them to mix thoroughly.
3. A substance or compound for mixing with cement, clay, mortar or like
building material for the purposes set forth, consisting of a fluvial plastic matter
of an alkaline nature substantially as described.
4. The use in connection with the manufacture of material capable of rendering
cement, mortar or clay of the kind specified fluvial, as described, of flour or oil or
resin or their equivalents for the purposes set forth.
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