Hydraulic Apparatus for Actuating and Controlling from a Distance the Distributing Valves and other Parts of Steam or other Engines and Machines.
Year: 1893

page_text: being date of first Foreign Application (ins
France),
17th Sept., 1032
Date of Application (in United Kingdom), 15th Apr., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 15th Jan., 1894-Accepted, 14th Apr., 1894
Trance)
Date of Application (in United Kingdom), 15th Apr., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 15th Jan., 1894-Accepted, 14th Apr., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Hydraulic Apparatus for Actuating and Controlling from a Distance
the Distributing Valves and other Parts of Steam or other
Engines and Machines.
.
I, CLAUDE BONJOUR of 71 Rue Lafayette, Paris, France, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In steam engines of all types, the valve gear has heretofore been operated by
mechanism constituting a direct connection between the valve gear and the main
shaft. The result of this is that, particularly in marine engines with triple or
quadruple expansion, the operation of the ordinary valve gear comprising eccentrics,
connecting rods, links, guides, reversing shafts and other parts can be effected only
by means of complicated arrangements which render the engine difficult of access,
and consequently very expensive.
To obviate these disadvantages I have sought to interrupt the ordinary
mechanical connection between the driving shaft and the valves or distributing
devices in such a manner that cach of such devices and the mechanism for directly
actuating it might be placed in the most suitable position, and at the same time to
considerably simplify the said mechanism in engines constructed with multiple
cylinders and capable of having their direction of motion reversed.
Now this invention has reference to means or apparatus whereby the object
referred to can be attained in a simple and effective manner, such meaus or
apparatus being designed to actuate from a distance and with certainty and
accuracy, distributing devices of all kinds and such for example as slide valves of
various types, rotary valves, pistons, as well as other mechanism whose stroke or
travel and movements are required to be absolutely exact.
The apparatus comprises two pistons hereinafter called for distinction A and B,
fitted to work in cylinders I will call A and B respectively, that communicate
with each other by means of one or more pipes filled with a practically
incompressible liquid and forming what I call a "hydrostatic" rod. The pipe or
pipes may vary in length and shape, according to the uses to which the apparatus
is to be applied. The piston A is actuated from the driving shaft of the engine
either directly or by means of mechanism mounted on said shaft and having a
motion in agreement with that of the said shaft.
By reason of its connection with the said shaft, the piston A receives a to-and-
fro motion which it imparts to the piston B through the liquid in the connecting
pipe or pipes between the cylinders containing the said pistons.

page_text: The piston A may be actuated from the engine shaft by an eccentric and rod,
but it may, according to the uses to which it is to be put, be operated by cams,
slotted links, combinations of levers, or other devices adapted to transmit to it and
consequently to the piston B, the motion it is desired to obtain.
In one arrangement, the apparatus is employed to operate the slide valves of a
steam engine. In order that these slide valves shall have an exact travel, it is
requisite that the movements of piston B shall take place within predetermined
and similar limits..
To effect this result, it is essential that the liquid which constitutes the
hydrostatic rod, shall maintain a constant volume, whatever may be the difference
in density resulting from expansion, and whatever may be the volume and the
temperature of the liquid in motion through the apparatus.
For this purpose, the cylinder A" in which the motor piston A works, is formed
at its centre with a series of orifices (hereinafter called filling orifices) which
becoming uncovered when the piston arrives at the end of its stroke, ensures the
filling of the cylinder.
When the piston A. makes its stroke in the opposite direction, it first forces the
liquid in excess into the reservoir until the filling orifices are closed at which time
the liquid becomes compressed and the motion of the piston A is transmitted to
the receiving piston B through the medium of the hydrostatic rod. The piston B
then follows exactly the movements of the piston A, but when it arrives at the end
of its stroke, it will uncover the discharging orifices in its containing cylinder.
When this takes place the piston B will come to rest because the liquid supplied
by the hydrostatic rod can then flow into an annular jacket or chamber surrounding
the receiving cylinder B', whence it returns to the filling reservoir of the cylinder A¹
through a suitable pipe.
The receiving piston B will remain stationary so long as the transmitting
piston A shall not in its return stroke close the filling orifices in its cylinder;
when this is effected corresponding movements of the piston B will take place in
the contrary direction and under the same conditions through the medium of the
hydrostatic rod connecting the other ends of the cylinders AB.
It is evident that by the use of the filling and discharging orifices referred to,
the volume of the liquid forming the hydrostatic rod will remain constant, and
consequently the strokes of the receiving piston B will remain absolutely exact.
Furthermore in the case of the application of the apparatus to the distribution of
motive fluid by a slotted link or any other similar mechanism, the strokes of the
receiving piston B may remain constant within rather considerable limits of
expansion, for instance between 15 and 75 %, notwithstanding that the extent of
movement of the piston A, might vary by reason of its connection with the actuating
mechanism.
Filling and discharging orifices such as described are, so far as I am aware, 'novel
in hydraulic apparatus for the purpose mentioned, therefore it is to be understood
that I do not limit myself to the use of such orifices only in hydraulic apparatus
for operating the distributing valves of fluid pressure engines, as such orifices 'may
be used in hydraulic apparatus for other purposes.
The receiving piston B in the arrangement now being described, is double-acting,
but it might be replaced by two single-acting pistons, arranged at each end of the
rod to be operated; the result in each case will be the same.
.
On the axis or rod of the slide valve operated by the piston B, there can be
placed a small spindle, which, passing through a stuffing box to the outside of the
engine, would constantly show by its movement over a graduated scale, the various
movements of the slide valve and the position of the valve relatively to the ports
of the engine cylinder.
In certain applications of the apparatus, the liquid forced back by the receiving
piston B can be caused to operate at a distance, an apparatus for indicating all
the movements of the said piston B.
In a modified arrangement of the above described apparatus the pistons A 'and 'B

page_text: are single-acting and there is only one hydrostatic rod between the cylinders in
which they work. The return stroke in this case is obtained by means of a steam
piston or by any other suitable mechanism that will effect the return movement of
the piston B. In general this return movement is effected by the difference in
pressure upon the surface of the two pistons which constitute. the balanced slide-
valve actuated by the apparatus, and which may be used in connection with multiple
admission ports for the engine cylinder. In this modified arrangement a second
piston may be placed above the piston B, in order that the steam controlled by the
said slide valve shall not be in direct contact with the said piston B; but a stuffing
box between the said valve and piston B would fulfil the same purpose.
In the case of the apparatus being used for actuating flat or oscillating slide-
valves, the pressure upon said second piston would effect the return of the
piston B.
Notwithstanding these modifications, the operation of the modified apparatus
remains the same as that of the apparatus first. herein described and all that has
hereinbefore been said applies to such modified arrangement.
To ensure the quick return of the slide valve and to effect the instantaneous
closing of the admission port of the engine cylinder, a valve, may be placed in the
pipe connection between the pistons A and B, by means of which the hydraulic
connection between these two pistons can be broken by allowing the liquid under
pressure to escape into an annular space outside the valve case. This valve
(hereinafter called the controlling valve) being operated by gear under the
influence of the governor, will be able to effect the said object at any part of
the stroke of the engine piston, said instant being determined by the action of the
governor.
This arrangement is especially applicable for operating the admission valves of
engines having four distributing valves and whereof the admission valves have a
rapid closing movement.
In some cases the piston A might be dispensed with, and the liquid under
pressure be supplied from a suitable reservoir which may be fed by the working of
the engine itself.
In a three cylinder engine, the three pistons A necessary for operating the
distributing valves of the three cylinders may be worked from three cranks
arranged 120° apart, or the said pistons A may be worked from a single eccentric
around which the pistons and their cylinders A' are arranged with their axes
radial to the shaft carrying the eccentric. It will be evident that if the said
cylinders be arranged so that their axes are 120° apart, the conditions of the
respective travels of the pistons therein will remain the same as in the first arrange-
ment in which the pistons are driven by separate cranks. In some cases one of
the pistons A and cylinders A.', the vertical one for instance in the three cylinder
arrangement last herein described, may be dispensed with, the corresponding slide
valve being then operated directly by an ordinary connecting rod, the other slide
valves being still actuated by hydraulic apparatus of the kind described. This
arrangement might be advantageous in some cases.
For a two cylinder engine, the two hydraulic cylinders A' and pistons may be
arranged with their axes at right. angles to each other.
In the case of the application of the above-described mechanism to reversing
engines, the reversal, as also, expansion, can be obtained by simply shifting the
single eccentric, this shifting taking place parallel to a line connecting the centres
of the radii of eccentricity for forward and backward motion.
Dated this 15th day of April 1893.
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: Hydraulic Apparatus for Actuating and Controlling from a Distance
the Distributing Valves and other Parts of Steam or other
Engines and Machines.
I, CLAUDE BONJOUR, of 71 Rue Lafayette, Paris, France, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
In steam engines of all types, the valve gear has heretofore been operated by
mechanism constituting a direct connection between the valve gear and the main
shaft. The result of this is that, particularly in marine engines with triple or
quadruple expansion, the operation of the ordinary valve gear comprising eccentrics,
connecting rods, links, guides, reversing shafts and other parts can be effected only
by means of complicated arrangements which render the engine difficult of access,
and consequently very expensive.
To obviate these disadvantages I have sought to interrupt the ordinary mechanical
connection between the driving shaft and the valves or distributing devices in such
a manner that each of such devices and the mechanism for directly actuating it
might be placed in the most suitable position, and at the same time to considerably
simplify the said mechanism in engines constructed with multiple cylinders and
capable of having their direction of motion reversed.
Now this invention has reference to means or apparatus whereby the object
referred to can be attained in a simple and effective manner, such means or
apparatus being designed to actuate from a distance and with certainty and
accuracy, distributing devices of all kinds and such for example as slide valves of
various types, rotary valves, piston valves, as well as other mechanism whose
stroke or travel and movements are required to be absolutely exact.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is a vertical section showing the transmitting portion of apparatus
according to this invention and means for actuating the same,
Fig. 2 a vertical section showing the receiving portion of the apparatus applied
to a piston distributing valve.
Figs. 3 and 4 are similar views to Figs. 1 and 2 respectively illustrating a modified
construction.
Fig. 5 is a detail view.
Figs. 6, 7 and 8 are diagrammatic views hereinafter referred to.
The apparatus shown in Figs. 1 and 2 comprises a transmitting or pump
piston A and a receiving or motor piston B, these pistons being fitted to work in
cylinders A and B' respectively the ends of which communicate with each other in
this example by means of two pipes E E¹ that are filled with a practically incom-
pressible liquid, for example water, and each of which forms what I call a
"hydrostatic" rod. Each pipe may vary in length and shape according to the
uses to which the apparatus is to be applied. The piston A is actuated from the
driving shaft A* of the engine either directly or indirectly by means of mechanism,
mounted on the said shaft and having a motion in agreement with that of the
said shaft.
By reason of its connection with the said shaft, the piston A receives a to-and-
fro motion which it imparts to the piston B through the liquid in the connecting
pipes E E
In Fig. 1 the piston A is actuated from the engine shaft A', by an eccentric and
rod, but it may, according to the uses to which it is to be put, be operated by cams,
slotted links, combinations of levers, or other devices adapted to transmit to it,
and consequently to the piston B, the motion it is desired to obtain.

page_text: In Figs. 1 and 2, the apparatus is employed to operate the slide valves of a
steam engine. In order that these slide valves shall have an exact travel, it is
requisite that the movements of the piston B shall take place within predetermined.
and similar limits.
To effect this result, it is essential that the liquid which constitutes the hydro-
static rod, shall maintain a constant volume, whatever may be the difference in.
density resulting from expansion, and whatever may be the volume and the
temperature of the liquid in motion through the apparatus.
For this purpose, the cylinder A' in which the transmitting piston A works, is
formed at its centre with a series of orifices D (hereinafter called filling orifices)
which, becoming uncovered when the piston arrives at the end of its stroke, as
shown in Fig. 1, ensures the filling of the cylinder.
When the piston A makes its stroke in the opposite direction, that is to say, to
the left in Fig. 1, it first forces the liquid in excess into the reservoir A² until the
filling orifices D are closed, at which time the liquid becomes compressed and the
motion of the piston A is transmitted to the receiving piston B through the medium
of the hydrostatic rod E. The piston B then follows exactly the movements of.
the piston A, but when it arrives at the end of its stroke, it will uncover discharging
orifices C in its containing cylinder B¹.
When this takes place the piston B will come to rest because the liquid supplied
by the, hydrostatic rod E can then flow into an annular jacket or chamber B2
surrounding the receiving cylinder B¹, whence it returns to the filling reservoir of
the cylinder A through a suitable pipe F'.
The receiving piston B will remain stationary so long as the transmitting
piston A does not, in its return stroke, close the filling orifices D in its cylinder;
when this is effected corresponding movements of the piston B will take place in
the contrary direction and under the same conditions as before, through the medium
of the hydrostatic rod E connecting the other ends of the cylinders. A¹ B'.
It is evident that by the use of the filling and discharging orifices D and C
respectively, the volume of the liquid forming the hydrostatic rod E or E' will
remain constant, and consequently the strokes of the receiving piston B will remain
absolutely exact. Furthermore in the case of the application of the apparatus to the
distribution of motive fluid by a slotted link or any other similar mechanism, the
strokes of the receiving piston B may remain constant within rather considerable
limits of expansion, for instance between 15 and 75 %, notwithstanding that the
extent of movement of the piston A, might vary by reason of its connection with
the actuating mechanism.
Filling and discharging orifices such as described are, so far as I am aware, novel
in hydraulic apparatus for the purpose mentioned, therefore it is to be understood
that I do not limit myself to the use of such orifices only in hydraulic apparatus
for operating the distributing valves of fluid pressure engines, as such orifices may
be used in hydraulic apparatus for other purposes.
The receiving piston B in the arrangement now being described (Fig. 2), is
double-acting, but it might be replaced by two single-acting pistons, arranged at
each end of the rod to be operated; the result in each case will be the same.
On the axis or rod G of the slide valve H H¹ operated by the piston B,
there can be placed a small spindle, which, passing through a stuffing box to the
outside of the engine, would constantly show by its movement over a graduated
scale, the various movements of the slide valve and the position of the valve
relatively to the ports of the engine cylinder.
In certain applications of the apparatus, the liquid forced back by the receiving
piston B can be caused to operate at a distance, an apparatus for indicating all the
movements of the said piston B.
In the modified arrangement of apparatus shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the pistons A
and B are single-acting and there is only one hydrostatic rod E between the
cylinders A B in which they work. The return stroke in this case is obtained
by means of a steam piston, or by any other suitable mechanism that will effect

page_text: the return movement of the piston B. In general this return movement is effected
by the difference in pressure upon the end surface of the two pistons H H¹ which
constitute the balanced slide valve actuated by the apparatus, and which may be
used in connection with multiple admission ports for the engine cylinder. In this
modified arrangement a second piston B is placed above the piston B, in order
that the steam controlled by the said slide valve shall not be in direct contact with
the said piston B; but a stuffing box between the said slide valve and piston B
would fulfill the same purpose.
In the case of the apparatus being used for actuating flat or oscillating slide-
valves, the pressure upon the said second piston B* would serve to effect the return
of the piston B.
Notwithstanding these modifications, the operation of the modified apparatus
shown in Figs. 3 and 4 remains the same as that of the apparatus first herein
described and shown in Figs. 1 and 2 and all that has hereinbefore been said applies
to such modified arrangement.
To ensure the quick return of the slide valve H H' and to effect the instantaneous
closing of the admission port I or 12 of the engine cylinder, a valve J (Fig. 5) is
placed in the pipe connection E or in each of such connections when there are
two, by means of which the hydraulic connection between the two pistons A and B
cau: be broken by allowing the liquid under pressure to escape into an annular
space Joutside the valve case. This valve J (hereinafter called the controlling
valve) being operated by gear under the influence of the engine governor, will be
able to effect the said object at any desired part of the stroke of the engine piston,
the said instant being determined by the action of the governor.
This arrangement is especially applicable for operating the admission valves of.
engines having four distributing valves and whereof the admission valves have a
rapid closing movement.
In some cases the piston A might be dispensed with, and the liquid under
pressure be supplied from a suitable reservoir which may be fed by the working
of the engine itself.
In a three cylinder engine, the three pistons A necessary for operating the
distributing valves of the three cylinders may be worked from three cranks on
the engine shaft A* arranged 120° apart as indicated by the three circles K in
Fig. 1 or the said pistons A may be worked from a single eccentric around which
the pistons and their cylinders A' are arranged with their axes radial to the shaft
carrying the eccentric, as shown in Fig. 6. In the latter case it will be evident
that if the said cylinders be arranged so that their axes are 120° apart, the
conditions of the respective travels of the pistons A therein will remain the same
as in the first arrangement in which the pistons are driven by separate cranks. In
some cases one of the pistons A and cylinders A', the vertical one for instance in
the three cylinder arrangement last herein described, may be dispensed with, the
corresponding slide valve being then operated directly by an ordinary connecting
rod, the other slide valves being still actuated by hydraulic apparatus of the kind
described. This arrangement might be advantageous in some cases.
For a two cylinder engine, the two hydraulic cylinders B' and pistons may be
arranged with their axes at right angles to each other as shown in Fig. 7.
In the case of the application of the above-described mechanism to reversing
engines, the reversal, as well as the expansion, can be obtained by simply shifting
the single eccentric, this shifting taking place parallel to a line connecting the centres
of the radii of eccentricity for forward and backward motion as shown in the
kinematic diagram Fig. 8.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
1. Hydraulic apparatus for actuating and controlling from a distance, and with
certainty and
the distributing volver alveon other nont
AT
Ди nouto of

page_text: steam or other engines or machines, comprising two cylinders A' B' fitted with
pistons A B and formed the one with filling apertures D and the other with
discharging apertures C, and pipes connecting the said cylinders, the said cylinders
and pipes being charged with liquid, the said piston A being adapted to actuate
from a driving shaft and serving as a pressure transmitting piston and the piston B
being adapted to be connected with the distributing valve or other device to be
actuated and controlled and serving as a pressure receiving piston substantially as
herein before described for the purpose specified.
2. In hydraulic apparatus of the kind referred to in the preceding claim, the
arrangement of controlling valve shown in Fig. 5 for allowing of the quick return
of the receiving piston B substantially as described.
3. The combination of hydraulic apparatus of the kind referred to in the
preceding claims, with the distributing valve or valves of a steam or other fluid
pressure motor substantially as herein described for the purpose specified.
4. The combined hydraulic apparatus and balanced slide valve with multiple
admission orifices herein before described and shown in Figs. 1 and 2; or modified
according to Figs. 3 and 4 of the drawings annexed.
5. The arrangements of pump cylinders, pistons and driving mechanism hereinbefore
described with reference to and shown in Figs. 6, 7 and 8 of the drawings annexed
for the purpose specified.

page_text: Date of Application (in United Kingdom), 15th Apr., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 15th Jan., 1894-Accepted, 14th Apr., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Hydraulic Apparatus for Actuating and Controlling
the Distributing Valves and other Parts of Steam and other
Engines and Machines.
I, CLAUDE BONJOUR, of 71 Rue Lafayette, Paris, France, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
I
In the Specifications of another application for Letters Patent filed by me,
have described various arrangements of hydraulic apparatus for actuating and
controlling the distributing valves and other parts of steam and other engines and
machines.
Now my present invention has reference to further arrangements of apparatus of
the kind referred to.
In one such arrangement, which is suitable for use with an engine having only
one distributing valve which may be a flat slide valve, a cylindrical slide valve or
any type of balanced slide valve, a generating pump provided with filling apertures
like the pumps described in my said other applications, forces liquid under pressure
into valve chambers containing controlling valves and carried by a cylinder
containing a plunger connected to the distributing valve to be operated and each
end of which forms a double piston the outer side of which subject to pressure, is
greater in area than the inner side which is of annular form. Each of the said
controlling valves direct the liquid under pressure either on to the piston of large
area, for the purpose of causing the distributing valve to regulate the periods of
compression, lead, and admission, or on to the piston of reduced annular area in
order that it may effect the quick closing of the admission ports. The arrange-
ment is such that the distributing valve can be actuated from a distance with
precision and without shock, that the travels of such valve may be complete, or be
broken by a period of rest, and that such travels may take place at a uniform speed,
or at a differential speed.
In the arrangement now being described the travel of the slide valve is assumed
to be divided into two periods -1. The larger piston is set in motion at definite
and fixed moments, calculated to produce the desired compression, lead, and
admission under the best conditions. 2. The smaller annular piston is operated at
varying times determined by the governor in such a manner as to ensure a quick
cut off. This latter result is due to the difference in area of the two ends of each
piston subject to pressure. It will be understood that if the discharge of the
generating or transmitting pump or piston remains the same, the respective
velocities of the receiving pistons will be proportional to their respective areas
subject to pressure.
The period of rest at one part of each stroke is ensured, 1st by the arrangement
of the aperture formed in the wall of the cylinder and controlled by the corre-
sponding receiving piston; 2ndly by the position assumed by the corresponding

page_text: controlling valve which prevents the passage of the liquid, and so stops receiving
piston, releasing it only at the required time.
Releasing or discharging apertures are provided in the receiving cylinder to
allow of the escape of the liquid forced by the transmitting pump or piston, when
each receiving piston has reached a desired and predetermined position, as in some
of the arrangements described in my said other Specifications. Also a pipe is
provided to return to the reservoir of the transmitting pumps the liquid escaping
from the receiving cylinder or cylinders.
Assuming that the coupling or connecting rod which actuates the controlling
valves is connected with mechanism under the control of the governor, then it
will be understood that the duration of the admission will always be in proportion
to the required power of the engine.
In another arrangement designed, like the preceding one, to actuate a single
distributing slide valve, two separate pistons of equal area are used, one serving
for producing the compression, lead, and admission, and the other for producing the
rapid closing of the admission ports. But as in this arrangement the pistons are
of equal area, the rapidity of the closing is produced by varying the rate of
discharge of the transmitting pumps.
In this arrangement, the controlling valves are dispensed with, and the variation
in the duration of the admission produced by varying by means of mechanism
provided for the purpose and controlled by the engine governor the angle or
position of the eccentric which operates the piston of the transmitting pump used
for imparting motion to the receiving piston used for producing quick cut off;
the pump has a large delivery.
Assuming that the receiving pistons act on the ends of a rocking lever having
three pivots or points of connection, and that the valve rod or spindle of the
distributing valve is jointed to the centre of the said lever, it will be understood
that the said slide valve must have periods of rest during its travel, as in the first
arrangement herein described.
These periods of rest will take place at variable and determined times, because
the mechanism for varying the angle of the eccentric which influences the working
of the second or closing piston is under the influence of the governor.
In another arrangement designed to operate a single slide valve, the
transmitting pump is dispensed with and liquid under pressure is supplied from
an accumulator or other reservoir, that may be fed by mechanism operated by the
working of the engine itself.
In this arrangement, the releasing apertures in the receiving cylinder are
dispensed with and the controlling valve is actuated by special mechanism consisting
of a rocking lever having three joints or pivots. The said controlling valve is
actuated by the centre joint of the said lever, the two ends of the lever being
actuated by connecting rods. One of these ends is connected to mechanism having
a fixed angle which causes the movements of the slide valve to produce the
compression, lead and admission at fixed, precise and determined moments. The
other end is connected to mechanism having a variable angle depending on
the engine governor, and has for object to produce in accordance with the required
power of the engine, the closing of the admission at moments determined by the
governor itself.
As in the first arrangement herein described, an aperture is formed in the
interior of the cylinder in order to effect by its operation combined with that of
the controlling valve, the stoppage or the release of the piston actuating the
distributing valve.
In another arrangement suitable for use with an engine having two superposed
slide valves there are two pistons one for actuating the main distributing slide
valve, and the other for operating the expansion slide valve. These two pistons
are actuated by two generating pumps which may be similar to those mentioned in
my said other Specifications. The movements of the piston which operates the
main distributing valve for the purpose of effecting the closing, compression, lead,

page_text: and admission, are caused to take place with certainty at precise and determined
moments by the filling apertures of the generating pump and by the releasing
apertures of the receiving cylinder.
The arrangement is such that by the movement two controlling valves used in
this case and which are actuated by a connecting rod, the movements of the piston
which operate the expansion slide valve will take place at variable times. The
said connecting rod is connected to mechanism under the control of the governor,
and effects the closing of the admission at times determined by the said governor,
and in accordance with the required power of the engine.
The cylinders containing the pistons for operating the said main and expansion
valves may be arranged side by side; or they may be arranged, one at each end
of the steam chest without thereby altering their operation. Also instead of
using double-acting pistons, single-acting pistons may be used without altering
thereby in any way the essential nature of the apparatus.
In a further arrangement, suitable for use with an engine having four distributing
valves, the receiving pistons are arranged in two pairs and so as to be operated by
fluid under pressure supplied from an accumulator or other reservoir. The releasing
apertures of the receiving cylinders are dispensed with, and, as in one of the other
arrangements hereinbefore described, the controlling valve for controlling the
motion of the piston connected with the admission valve, is operated by a rocking.
lever having three joints or pivots and the movements of which are effected as
hereinbefore described.
It should be understood that the application of the last mentioned arrangement
to an engine having four distributing devices is given by way of example only, and
that the same result can be obtained by other arrangements of hydraulic apparatus
operating in the manner described.
Thus, in a still further modified arrangement of hydraulic apparatus of the kind
mentioned, suitable for use in an engine having four distributing devices, each pair
of receiving cylinders are carried by a casing common to them and arranged so
that the pistons therein are operated from transmitting pumps instead of being
operated by fluid under pressure supplied from an accumulator or other
reservoir.
DAL
Ը A1 1002
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.Č., Agent for the Applicant.
Improvements in Hydraulic Apparatus for Actuating and Controlling
the Distributing Valves and other Parts of Steam and other
Engines and Machines.
I, CLAUDE BONJOUR, of 71 Rue Lafayette, Paris, France, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
In the Specification of another application for Letters Patent filed by me of even
date herewith No. 7734, I have described various arrangements of hydraulic
apparatus for actuating and controlling the distributing valves and other parts of
steam and other engines and machines.
Now my present invention has reference to further arrangements of apparatus
of the kind referred to, as I will now proceed to explain by reference to the
accompanying drawings in which
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of an arrangement of hydraulic apparatus

page_text: according to this invention, suitable for use with an engine having a single
distributing valve which may be a flat slide valve, a cylindrical slide valve or any
type of balanced slide valve. In this arrangement, a generating pump not shown
but comprising a piston working in a cylinder provided with filling apertures like
the pumps described in my said other application is employed to force liquid under
pressure alternately through the pipes E E' into two valve chambers containing
controlling valves J J the valve chambers being carried by a cylinder B' containing
a plunger. This plunger is connected by a rod G to the distributing valve to be
operated, and each of its ends is constructed to form a differential piston B the
outer side a of which subject to pressure, is greater in area than the inner side b
which is of annular form. Each of the said controlling valves J directs the liquid
under pressure either onto the larger side a of the corresponding piston, for the
purpose of causing the engine distributing valve to regulate the periods of
compression, lead, and admission, or onto the smaller side 6 of the piston in order
that it may effect the quick closing of the admission ports. As will be seen the
arrangement is such that the distributing valve connected with the pistons B can
be actuated from a distance with precision and without shock, that the travels of
such valve may be completed in one movement, or be broken by a period of rest,
and that such travels may take place at a uniform speed, or at different speeds.
In the arrangement now being described (Fig. 1), the travel of the distributing
valve is assumed to be divided into two periods:-1st. The plunger is set in
motion at definite and fixed moments, calculated to produce the desired com-
pression, lead, and admission under the best conditions, by causing liquid under
pressure to act against each of the outer or larger ends a of the plunger B in
turn. 2nd. The plunger B, by the action of liquid under pressure on the smaller
annular sides b, is operated at varying times determined by the engine governor
in such a manner as to ensure a quick cut off. This latter result is due to the
difference in area. of the two ends ab of each piston subject to pressure. It will
be understood that if the discharge of the generating or transmitting pump or
piston remains the same, the respective velocities of the receiving pistons B will be
inversely proportional to their respective areas subject to pressure.
The period of rest in each stroke is ensured, 1st by the arrangement of the
aperture C¹ formed in the wall of the cylinder B' and controlled by the corre-
sponding receiving piston B; 2ndly by the position assumed by the corresponding
controlling valve J which prevents the passage of the liquid, and so stops the
receiving piston, releasing it only at the required time.
Releasing or discharging apertures C are also provided in the receiving
cylinder B as described in the Specification of my said other application for
Letters Patent to allow of the escape of the liquid under pressure supplied by the
transmitting pump or piston, when the receiving piston has reached a desired and
predetermined position in each stroke as in the arrangements described in my said
other Specification.
Each of the controlling valves J is hollow and has its interior in communication
with the interior of the water chamber B2 in connection with which there is
provided a pipe F for returning to the reservoir of the transmitting pump or pumps,
the liquid escaping from the receiving cylinder B', or cylinders, through the
apertures C C¹.
K is a coupling or connecting rod which actuates the controlling valves J and is
connected with mechanism under the control of the governor. By this means it
will be understood that the duration of the admission will always be in proportion
to the required power of the engine.
In the arrangement shown partly in longitudinal section and partly in elevation
in Fig. 2 and which, like the preceding one, is designed to actuate a single
distributing slide valve, two separate pistons B B of equal area are used,
one viz. B serving for producing the compression, lead and admission, and the 5
other (B) for producing the rapid closing of the admission ports. But as in this
arrangement the pistons B B* are of equal area, the rapidity of the closing is

page_text: produced by varying the rate of discharge of the transmitting pumps used in
conjunction with such pistons.
In this arrangement, the controlling valves J J shown in the previous arrange-
ment are dispensed with, and the variation in the duration of the admission is
produced by varying, by means of mechanism. provided for the purpose and
controlled by the engine governor, the angle or position of the eccentric which.
operates the piston of the transmitting pump, used for imparting motion to the-
receiving piston B* and which pump has a large delivery.
Assuming that the receiving pistons B, B* act on the ends of a rocking lever L.
having three pivots or points of connection 1, 2 and 3 as shown, and that the valve
rod or spindle G, of the distributing valve is jointed to the centre 2 of the said
lever, it will be understood that the said slide valve must have periods of rest during
its travel, as in the first arrangement hereinbefore described. These periods of
rest will take place at variable and determined times, because the mechanism.
employed for varying the angle of the eccentric which influences the working of
the second or closing piston B* is under the influence of the governor.
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional elevation showing another arrangement designed
to operate a single slide valve. In this arrangement the transmitting pump is
dispensed with, and liquid under pressure is supplied by the pipe E from an
accumulator or other reservoir that may be fed by mechanism operated by the
working of the engine itself. The releasing apertures C used in the previous
arrangements, are here dispensed with, and the hollow controlling valve J is
actuated by special mechanism consisting of a rocking lever M having three-
joints or pivots 1, 2 and 3. The said controlling valve J is actuated through a
lever arm by the centre joint 2 of the said lever, the two ends of the lever being
actuated by connecting rods N, N¹. One of these rods (N) is connected to
mechanism having a constant angular motion which causes the movements of the
distributing valve to produce the compression, lead and admission at fixed, precise
and determined moments. The other rod (N¹) is connected to mechanism having
a variable angular motion, depending on the engine governor, so as to produce in.
accordance with the required power of the engine, the closing of the admission at
moments determined by the governor itself. In this Fig. 3, the rocking lever M
operating the controlling valve J is shown in its four successive positions. The
first position is shown by a circle placed on each of the points 1, 2 and 3 of
connection of the rocking lever; the second position is shown by two circles; the
third position by three circles; and the fourth position by four circles.
As in the first arrangement (Fig. 1) herein described, an aperture C¹ is formed
in the wall of the cylinder B¹ in order to effect in conjunction with the hollow
controlling valve J, the stoppage or the release of the piston B actuating the
distributing valve.
Fig. 4 is a similar view to Fig. 3 showing another arrangement of hydraulic
apparatus suitable for use with an engine having two superposed slide valves. In
this case there are two separate pistons B, B* one viz.: B, for actuating the main
distributing slide valve, and the other B* for operating the expansion slide valve...
These two pistons are actuated by two generating pumps which may be similar to
those mentioned in my said other Specification. The movements of the piston B
which operates the main distributing valve for the purpose of effecting the closing,
compression, lead, and admission, are caused to take place with certainty at precise
and determined moments by the filling apertures of the generating pump and by
the releasing apertures C of the receiving cylinder B₁ as in the arrangements
described in my said other application.
As will be seen the arrangement is such that by the movement of the two
controlling valves J used in this case, and which are actuated by a connecting
od K, the movements of the piston B* which operate the expansion slide valve.
vill take place at variable times. The said connecting rod K is connected
o mechanism under the control of the governor, and effects the closing of the-

page_text: admission at times determined by the said governor, and in accordance with the
required power of the engine.
The cylinders containing the pistons for operating the said main and expansion
valves may be arranged side by side as shown; or they may be arranged, one at
each end of the steam chest without thereby altering their operation. Also instead
of using double-acting pistons, single-acting pistons may be used without altering
thereby in any way the essential nature of the apparatus.
Fig. is a vertical section illustrating an arrangement of hydraulic apparatus
according to this invention suitable for use with an engine having four distributing
valves such for example as are used in an engine of the Corliss type. In this case
the receiving pistons B, B are arranged in two pairs, one only of which is shown,
and so as to be operated by fluid under pressure supplied from an accumulator or
other reservoir. The pistons B which have their ends unequal in area are each
connected to one of the steam admission valves of the engine and the pistons Ba
are each of them connected to one of the exhaust valves, which latter are also
connected together by means of levers and a rod. The releasing apertures C of
the receiving cylinders are here dispensed with, and, as in the arrangement shown
in Fig. 3, herein before described, the controlling valve J for controlling the
motion of the piston B is operated by a rocking lever M having three joints or
pivots and the movements of which are effected through rods N N' in the manner
herein before described.
The pistons B are operated in one direction only by the liquid under pressure
to effect the opening movement of one exhaust valve and the closing of the other,
the two valves being connected as previously stated by means of levers and a rod.
It should be understood that the application of the last mentioned arrangement
to an engine having four distributing devices is given by way of example only, and
that the same result can be obtained by other arrangements of hydraulic apparatus
operating in the manner described.
Thus, in the still further modified arrangement of hydraulic apparatus of the
kind mentioned, shown in Fig. 6 and suitable for use in an engine having four
distributing valves, each pair of receiving cylinders B' is carried by a casing I'
common to them, and arranged so that the pistons B, Bª therein are operated from
transmitting pumps instead of being operated by fluid under pressure supplied from
an accumulator or other reservoir. In this case the cylinders B¹, and also the
piston Ba, are provided with discharging apertures C.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
Hydraulic apparatus of the kind herein referred to constructed arranged and
operating substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the several
examples illustrated in the drawings annexed for the purposes spécified, whether
the liquid under pressure be supplied by a generating pump or pumps or from
a reservoir or accumulater as set forth.
Dated this 15th day of January 1894.
For the Applicant,
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.