APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING AND USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Andrew Barclay Walker, of Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, for
APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING AND
USEFUL PURPOSES."
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FOR APPLYING HEATED AIR TO VARIOUS
Sealed the 18th September 1869, and dated the 18th March 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Andrew Barclay Walker
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 18th March 1869.
I, ANDREW BARCLAY WALKER, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING AND FOR APPLYING HEATED AIR
TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of improvements in apparata for the application
of heated air to various processes and manufactures, which is produced
and applied in the manner described below.
First. I use a stove of the following peculiar formation:-I have a
tube of copper or other suitable material of a broad flat form sectionally
[Price 8d.]

page_text: coiled like a helical spring, this I enclose in a case of metal or fire-brick
and place over a fire the flame of which passes up through the spaces
formed in the coil between the tubes. The air to be heated is driven by
a fan or any other form of blowing machine through the inside of the
tube forming the coil, in which I place tines or obstructions, so as to
break up
the current of air and bring each particle of it in contact with
the heating surface of the tube, thereby ensuring a more perfect heat-
ing of the whole body of air than can be obtained by passing it through a
plain tube. I also use gas for heating the coil, and sometimes by pre-
ference, when the air is not required to be highly heated, place it inside
of a steam boiler.
Second. For the roasting and drying of malt, grain, hops, grains, spent
hops, and other articles of a like nature, I make a worm or screw
of iron or copper, the centre spindle of which is hollow, having holes or
outlets at various points in its length and diameter; the blades or worm
of this screw is provided with tines or agitators, so placed that they
keep changing the position of any substance that is raised or passed
through it; this worm is fitted into a case of iron or copper, having at
one end a hopper or receptacle to convey the substance to be dried or
roasted to the worm, which when set in motion, draws the substance
along the outer case and discharges it at the other end, the heated air
being conveyed through the centre spindle and discharged at the outlets
before named, and the grain receives the full benefit of the heated
air in consequence of its being kept continually stirred up by the tines
on the worm before mentioned, the heat being regulated by valves and
guages.
I also sometimes use instead of the worm above named an apparatus
constructed in the following manner-I take an endless band or web
of wire gauze or other suitable material and pass it over two rollers
which are moved by suitable machinery, the grain being discharged
on to the band or web in a continuous thin layer, which by the move-
ment of the belt is carried between a series of pipes placed above and
below the web or belt, the heated air being discharged both above and
below the grain ensure its being rapidly dried or roasted as it passes
along to the end or exit roller, where it is discharged into a suitable
receptacle. This application is also suitable to baking bread, biscuits,
confectionery, and other articles, and also for cooking meat and
vegetables, and also for drying textile fabrics, such as clothes, after

page_text: being washed, which being folded and laid upon the travelling belt or
web are rapidly and effectually dried in their passage to the exit end,
where they are removed by an attendant, or so arranged as to pass
through a mangle or hot press.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Andrew Barclay Walker in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 18th September 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ANDREW
BARCLAY WALKER, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of March, in the year
of our Lord, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Andrew Barclay Walker, Her special
licence that I, the said Andrew Barclay Walker, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Andrew Barclay
Walker, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
'IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING AND FOR APPLYING HEATED AIR
TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSE." upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Andrew Barclay Walker, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Andrew Barclay Walker, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same

page_text: is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
My Invention consists of improvements in apparata for the application
of heated air to various processes and manufactures which is produced
and applied in the manner described below.
First. I use a stove of the following peculiar formation:-I have a
tube of copper or other suitable material, of a broad flat form (sec-
tionally), coiled like a helical spring; this I enclose in a case of metal
or fire-brick placed over a fire the flame of which passes up through
the spaces formed in the coil between the tubes. The air tube heated
is driven by a fan or any other form of blowing machine through the
inside of the tube forming the coil, in which I place tines or obstruc-
tions, so as to break up the current of air and bring each particle of it in
contact with the heating surface of the tube, thereby ensuring a more
perfect heating of the whole body of air than can be obtained by passing
it through a plain tube. I also use gas for heating the coil, and some-
times by preference, when the air is not required to be highly heated,
place the coil inside of a steam boiler.
Secondly. For the roasting and drying of malt, grain, hops, grains,
spent hops, and other articles of a like nature, I make a worm or screw
of iron or copper, the centre spindle of which is hollow, having holes or
outlets at various points in its length and diameter; the blades or worm
of this screw is provided with tines or agitators so placed that they keep
changing the position of any substance that is raised or passed through
it; this worm is fitted into a case of iron or copper, having at one end a
hopper or receptacle to convey the substance to be dried or roasted to the
worm, which when set in motion draws the substance along the outer
case and discharges it at the other end, the heated air being conveyed
through the centre spindle and discharged at the outlets before named,
the grain receiving the full benefit of the heated air in consequence of
its being kept continually stirred up by the tines on the worm before
mentioned, the heat being regulated by valves and guages
I also sometimes use instead of the worm above named an apparatus
constructed in the following manner-I take an endless band or web
of wire gauze or other suitable material and pass it over two rollers,
which are moved by suitable machinery, the grain being discharged on
to the band or web in a continuous thin layer, which by the movement
of the belt is carried between a series of pipes placed above and below

page_text: the web or belt, the heated air being discharged both above and below
the grain ensures its being rapidly dried or roasted as it passes along
to the end or exit roller, where it is discharged into a suitable receptacle.
This application is also suitable to baking bread, biscuits, confectionary,
and other articles, and also for cooking meat, vegetables, or otherwise,
and also for drying textile fabrics, such as clothes, after being washed,
which being folded and laid upon the travelling belt or webs, are rapidly
and effectually dried in their passage to the exit end, where they are
removed by an attendant, or so arranged as to pass through a mangle or
hot press.
I also make use of my Invention for evaporating liquids, crystallizing
sugar, and other purposes by passing a current of highly heated air over.
the surface of the liquids holding such matters in solution, or otherwise
operating as may be desired.
The Drawings illustrative of this Invention which accompany this
Specification have descriptive statements placed on the same Sheet with
the said Drawings.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I
hereby declare that 1 claim the Invention of "Improvements in Appa-
ratus for Producing and for Applying Heated Air to various Useful
Purposes," as the same is herein-before described, it being understood
that I do not limit myself to the use of the precise details shown by the
Drawings; nor do I claim such details when taken separately and not as
constituent parts of the said improvements.
In witness whereof, I, the said Andrew Barclay Walker, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of September,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine.
30
AND". BARCLAY WALKER. (L.S.)
Witness,
WILLIAM REID,
Clerk to Peter Walker & Son,
Warrington.

page_text: Fig. 1. Section of stove constructed in
accordance with the first part of my invention,
a. coiled tube.
b. case in which it is enclosed.
Fig. 2. Longitudinal Section of an apparutus
constructed in accordance with the second.
part of my invention.
Fig. 3. Section, through A.B Fig. 2.
a. worm or Screw b hollow spindle.
holes or cutlets - d tines or agitators.
cylindrical case-flouse und driving.