MENTS IN FIRE GRATES
Year: 1885

page_text: I GEORGE GRANVILLE CAMPBELL of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of
Middlesex Esquire do hereby declare the nature of said Invention for " IMPROVE
MENTS IN FIRE GRATES" to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to provide means whereby the air supplied to
grates is heated and better combustion of fuel is secured the heat of the tire in the
said grates being better utilized in warming the rooms or apartments in which the
grates are situated than is the case with grates as at present arranged.
According to my Invention the grate has beneath it a closed box (which may be
termed the "ash box") the front being removable and the sides being perforated.
From near the top of the back and sides of the grate flaps extend outwards and
downwards to a base framing forming what may be termed a "lower-air-box
surrounding the back and sides of the grate and the box beneath. Above the grate
is fitted a removeable top casing. When this top casing is removed the smoke
from the fire passes into the open chimney but when the said casing is in place the
smoke escapes through a pipe so that the products of combustion from the fire heat
the whole top casing which radiates the heat into what may be termed an "upper-
air-box" which is fitted to the base framing of the apparatus and completely
encloses the grate and the casings beneath above and at each side and at the back
of it but of course does not extend over the front portions. Air enters the "upper-
air-box" by apertures therein and is heated by the surfaces with which it comes
into contact which surfaces receive their heat by radiation from the products of
combustion from the fire impinging on the opposite surfaces. The air thus heated
escapes into the room by apertures in the top of the said "upper-air-box."
"
The air to support the combustion of the fuel in the grate enters the "lower-air-
box" through apertures in the front of the "lower-air-box," is heated by contact
with the refractory lining of the grate and enters the "ash_box through the
holes in its sides and passes up through the bottom of the grate to the fuel on the
grate bars.
A grate arranged according to my Invention has the appearance and advantages
of an open fire place combined with the advantages and without the disadvantages

page_text: of an open stove and the combustion of the fuel is more perfect than in an ordinary
fire place, and heat ordinarily wasted by being allowed to escape directly into the
chimney is intercepted and utilized for warming the room or apartment in which
my improved grate is situated. By removing the front of the ash box, the base
framing, the flaps, and the outer casing, the grate will become practically an
ordinary basket grate, or the grate can be used with the ash box, base framing
and flaps, but without the top or outer framing, in which case the flaps should
be covered with some non-conducting material, such for example as ordinary
ornamental tiles.
Dated shin 2012

page_text: I GEORGE GRANVILLE CAMPBELL of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of
Middlesex Esquire do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The object of my Invention is (1) to provide means whereby the air supplied to
grates is heated and better combustion of fuel is secured and (2) in combination
therewith means whereby the heat of the fire in the said grates is better utilized
in warming the rooms or apartments in which the grates are situated than is the
case with grates as at present arranged.
According to my Invention the grate has beneath it a closed box (which may be
termed the "ash box") the front being removeable and the sides being perforated.
From the top of the back and sides of the grate or thereabouts iron plates extend
outwards and downwards to a base framing on the hearth forming what may be
termed a lower air box surrounding the back and sides of the grate and the ash
box beneath. Above the grate is fitted a top casing (formed by the continuation
of the cheeks and back of the grate with a cover thereon). The products of
combustion from the fire heat the whole top casing which radiates heat into
what may be termed an upper air box which is fitted to the base framing of the
apparatus and completely encloses the grate and the casings beneath above at each
side and at the back of the grate but of course does not extend over the front
portions of the grate and top casing. The smoke escapes through a pipe or passage
fitted to the cover or back of the top casing and may or may not be led through
upper air box." Air enters the upper air box by apertures fitted with or
without regulators therein and at a low level in front thereof and is heated by the
surfaces, including those of the lower air box with which it comes into contact,
which surfaces receive their heat by radiation from the products of combustion
from the fire impinging on the opposite surfaces. The air thus heated escapes into
the room by apertures at or near the top of the said "upper air box."
the "
The air to support the combustion of the fuel in the grate, in addition to entering
through
from the front of the grate, as usual, also enters the "lower air box"
apertures fitted with or without regulators in the front of the lower air box is
heated therein by contact with the refractory lining of the grate and enters the
"ash box" through the holes in its sides and passes up through the bottom of the
grate to the fuel on the grate bars.
A grate arranged according to my Invention has the appearance and advantage
of an open fire place combined with the advantages of a stove and (1) the combus-
tion of the fuel is more perfect than in an ordinary fire place and (2) heat ordinarily
wasted by being allowed to escape directly into the chimney is intercepted and
utilized for warming the room or apartment in which my improved grate is
situated.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is a front perspective view of a stove
or fire place constructed according to my Invention, Figure 2 is a side elevation
and Figure 3 is a horizontal section of the said stove or fire place. Figure 4. is a

page_text: view partly in perspective and partly in longitudinal section illustrating a modifi-
cation, and Fig's. 5 and 6 are respectively a horizontal section and a transverse
section of the same.
A is the fire grate or fuel basket of the stove beneath which is a chamber or
closed ash pit B which receives the ashes or refuse from the fuel basket. The front
of this chamber or ash pit is removeable for the purpose of cleaning out the ashpit
when required. The back and sides of the fuel basket are extended upwards and
is provided with a top or cover b which extended portions become highly heated by
the products of combustion from the fuel in their passage to the chimney the said
products passing through a tube c connected to the top or cover b.
Surrounding the back and sides of the fuel basket or fire grate A and also the
ash pit or chamber B, is a closed chamber or box C into which air is admitted
through openings d in the front (or elsewhere) of the said box the air thus admitted
passing from the box C into the closed ash pit or chamber B through openings e in
the sides thereof which air becomes highly heated by the heat radiated from the
surfaces of the chambers and passes thence through the grate bars in the bottom of
the fuel basket into or amongst the fuel thus promoting the perfect combustion of
the fuel.
In order to heat air for the purpose of warming apartments I provide the
Stove or fire place with an additional chamber or box as shewn at D in the modifi-
cation illustrated by Figures 45 and 6 which additional chamber encloses the
Chamber C and extends from the hearth to the top of or above the Stove. Cold
air enters this Chamber through openings f in the lower part of the front thereof
and becomes heated by radiation from the surfaces of the Chamber C and the
extended surfaces of the fuel basket.
The air thus heated passes from the chamber D into the apartment through
openings g in the upper part of the front plate of the said Chamber which openings
as also the openings for the admission of the air to the Chambers C and D may be
provided with valves or dampers for regulating the admission and exit of air.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
First. In open fire grates a closed ash box situated beneath the grate and having
a removeable front and being provided with openings in the side or back or both
for the entrance of air which air is heated in an air heating casing surrounding the
back and sides of the grate and of the ash box and provided with openings in the
front back or sides (one or more of them) for the admittance of external air to be
heated therein thence to be supplied to the fire in the grate through the closed ash
box substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying
drawings.
Second. In combination with the arrangement forming the subject matter of the
preceding claiming Clause, a casing or upper air box into which air is admitted and
in which it is heated and is then admitted in a heated state into the room or place
to be warmed substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accom-
panying drawings.