IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CASTING IRON PIPES
Year: 1864

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LETTERS PATENT to William Scott, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim,
Ireland, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
CASTING IRON PIPES."
Sealed the 21st March 1865; and dated the 26th September 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Scott at the
Office of the Commissioners' of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
September 1864.
I, WILLIAM SCOTT, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, Ireland, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR CASTING IRON PIPES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the use of a hollow mould of cast iron, malleable
iron, steel, or cast malleable iron (but by preference of cast iron combined
with a hollow core bar of the same metal (but by preference of cast or cast
malleable iron) and collapsable in the manner herein-after described. The
mould is formed inside so as to correspond with the outside diameter and
form of the pipe intended to be cast, and the outer shell of the core bar is
formed so as to correspond with the internal diameter and form of the same.
By means of the mould and core bar respectively formed thus, pipes may
be cast without the use of sand, and have their surfaces hardened by being
to a certain extent "chilled" during the process of casting. The core bar
has a cut in it extending its whole length, and its diameter is increased or
diminished by means of a central rod, on which are formed right-and-left hand

page_text: screws passing through nuts, to which are connected expanding levers or bars
at one of their ends, their opposite ends being connected to pieces resting
against the outside shell of the core bar. By turning the said central rod,
and thereby causing the said nuts to approach or recede from each other, the
outer ends of the levers or bars will be forced outwards or drawn inwards, and
the diameter of the core bar will be increased or diminished. A wedge is
forced into the cut of the core bar when it is expanded to fill it up, and to
assist in keeping the core bar expanded. The levers or bars which are
connected-to-the wedge-are-shorter-than-those-which-act-against-the-other-
side of the case of the core bar in order to give the extra travel required to
draw the wedge inside the shell when collapsed. The faucet core is caused
to collapse in the same, manner as the pipe core, and the latter is limited in
its expansion by means of a flanged plate which covers the top, the bottom of
the shell being also covered by a plate which is bevelled and prevented from
entering the shell when fully expanded by a series of projections formed on
the inside of the shell. The flange on the bottom of the faucet core has
portions cut out of it in order to prevent its cracking when expanded.
The mould and core bar are or may be coated with a coating of tár, resin;
ordinary blackwash, or blacking, or a mixture of coal tar and fine sand.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Scott in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 25th
March 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
SCOTT, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, Ireland, Engineer, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing. date the Twenty-sixth day of September, in the year of our
Lord. One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her. heirs, and successors, give, and grant
unto me, the said William Scott, Her special license that I, the said, William
Scott, my_executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
William Scott, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
CASTING IRON PIPES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said

page_text: William Scott, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.,
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Scott, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention; and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and [ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
39
My Invention of "Improvements in Apparatus for Casting Iron Pipes'
consists in the use of a hollow mould of cast iron, malleable iron, steel or cast:
malleable iron, but by preference of cast iron) combined with a hollow core
bar of the same metal (but by preference of cast or cast malleable iron), and;
collapsible in the manner herein-after 'described. The mould is formed inside so
as to correspond with the outside diameter and form of the pipe intended to
be cast, and the outer shell of the core bar is formed so as to correspond with,
internal diameter and form of the same. By means of the mould and
core bar respectively formed thus, pipes may be cast without the use of,
sand, and have their surfaces hardened by being to a certain extent "chilled"
during the process of casting. The core bar has a cut in it extending its
whole length, and its diameter is increased or diminished as required by means
of a central rod, on which are formed right-and-left hand screws passing
through nuts, to which are connected expanding levers or bars at one of their
ends, their opposite ends being connected to pieces resting against the outside
shell of the core bar. By turning the said central rod, and thereby causing
the said nuts to approach or to recede from each other (according to the
direction in which the rod is turned), the outer ends of the levers or bars will
be forced outwards or drawn inwards, and the diameter of the core bar, will.
be increased or diminished. A wedge is forced into the cut of the core bar
when it is expanded in order to fill it up, and to assist in keeping the core
bar expanded. The levers or bars which are connected to the wedge are
shorter than those which act against the other side of the case of the core bar
in order to give the extra travel required to draw the wedge inside the shell
when collapsed. The faucet core is caused to collapse in the same manner as
the pipe core, and the latter is limited in its expansion by means of a flanged
plate which covers the top of the core bar; the bottom of the same being also
covered by a plate which is bevilled and prevented from entering the shell
when fully expanded by a series of projections formed on the inside of the

page_text: shell. The flange on the bottom of the faucet core has portions cut out of it
in order to prevent its cracking when expanded. 4
F
The mould and core are or may be coated with a coating of tar, rosin,
ordinary blackwash, or blacking, or a mixture of coal tar and fine sand.
Having thus stated the nature of the said Invention, I will proceed to
describe more particularly in what manner the same is to be performed by
reference to the accompanying Drawings, in which are represented the parts
of casting apparatus above referred to.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a vertical section of a pair of moulds constructed according to
the Invention; Fig. 2 is a plan or horizontal view of the mould; Fig. 3 is a
horizontal section of the same taken in the line a, y, of Fig. 1; and Fig. 4 is
a similar section taken in the line y, z, of the same -Figure. In these several
Figures the same letters of reference-indicate corresponding parts.
A is the hollow mould of cast iron or other suitable material; B is the
collapsible core bar composed by preference of cast malleable iron; C, C, are
fillets cast on the inside of the core bar for the purpose of keeping the
expanding gear-in its place; D, D, are levers connected at one end to the
nuts E, E, and at the other-end to loose pieces F, F, inserted in the grooves
formed by the fillets C, C; D*, D*, are levers connected at one end to the
nuts E, E, and at the other end to the wedge-piece G, these levers are shorter
than the levers D, D, in order to give the quicker travel required to bring the
wedge piece within the core bar when the latter is collapsed. The wedge piece
G fills up a correspondingly formed cut extending the whole length of the
core bar, and it will be obvious on reference to Figures 3 and 4, that'on the
wedge piece G being drawn inwards the core bar will be allowed to collapse;
His a central rod having right-and-left-handed screws formed on it, such
screws working in the nuts E, and causing them to approach towards and
recede from each other according to the direction in which the rod H is turned
by means of the hand wheel I. Two brackets K, -K, fixed on the flange at
the top of the mould serve to keep the core bar central with the mould;
L, L, are plates at each end of the core bar for binding-it-together; and
M, M, are snugs cast inside the lower end of the core bar for the purpose of
keeping the bottom plate L in its position, and preventing it from entering
the shell of the core, bar when the latter is expanded. These plates L, L, can
be removed, and the whole expansion gear withdrawn when required either
for examining such gear, or for renewing the shell of the core bar. This
shell is made of the diameter it is intended to be when collapsed, and its

page_text: diameter is increased as. required by means of the levers D, D, and D*, D*,
and the wedge piece G on the central rod H being turned so as to cause the
nuts E, E, to approach towards each other, and when the nuts. are caused to
recede by turning the rod in the opposite direction, the outer ends of the
levers and the wedge piece G are drawn inwards, and the core bar is allowed
to collapse into its original diameter by its elasticity. It will be perceived
that a similar arrangement of levers and wedge piece is applied to the faucet
core at the bottom of the pipe core in Fig. 1.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I hereby declare that I do not claim as of my
Invention the use of. core bars caused or allowed to collapse by other means
than those described; but what I do. claim as of my Invention is the use of a
hollow mould with a hollow core bar, which is expanded and allowed to
collapse by means of levers and a wedge piece worked by means of a central
screwed rod and nuts in the manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Scott, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Eighteenth day of March, in the year, of our.
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
Witness,
JAMES KENT,
64, York Street, Belfast,
Contractor.
WILLIAM SCOTT. (L.S.)