IMPROVEMENTS IN AGRICULTURAL IMPLE- MENTS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Newington, of Ticehurst, in the County of
Sussex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AGRICULTURAL IMPLE-
MENTS."
Sealed the 31st May 1859, and dated the 1st December 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Newington at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
December 1858.
I, SAMUEL NEWINGTON, of Ticehurst, in the County of Sussex, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AGRICULTURAL
IMPLEMENTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in agricultural implements.
For this purpose a frame is constructed capable of having attached to it several
different kinds of implements. The frame consists of a central beain, the fore
part of which is bent upwards, and through the fore part of the beam there is
a hole, through which an upright rod carrying a wheel passes. This rod can
be set at any desired height by means of a set screw or other adjustment. To
the other end of this central beam, handles are attached, similar to ordinary
plough handles. On each side and near the centre of the beam are hinged
the ends of two side bars, so that the other ends of the side bars can be moved
further from or nearer to the central beam, and near these ends of the side
bars are attached curved bars, which pass through a slot in the central
beam, and are fixed there by set screws or otherwise. The side bars.and.

page_text: central beam have holes formed in them, through which the stems of tines
may be passed and fixed there by nuts screwing on to the stems of the tines
or by other suitable means. The central beam has also holes formed in it,
so that a subsoil plough or deep stirrer may be attached to it by means of
screws and nuts. This subsoil plough or deep stirrer consists of a coulter in
front, and shank behind, and of a flat iron sole shoe terminating in a length-
ened dipping double feathered share. The coulter and shank are rivetted
into the sole shoe, and the top of the coulter and also of the shank is attached
to the central beam of the frame by screws and nuts or otherwise. In addition
to the central beam of the frame having a subsoil plough or deep stirrer
attached to it, there may also be attached to the side bars two or other
number of hoes or curved knives, which may be set at any required distance
from the plough by turning the side bars on their hinges. The subsoil
plough may also be formed into a double mould board plough by attaching
the fore end of a mould board to each side of the coulter by means of a pin
passing through loops on the back of the coulter and on the front of the
mould board or otherwise, so that the mould boards may turn as on a hinge.
The back part of the mould boards are attached by means of shanks to the
side bars of the frame, and by reason of the bars turning on hinges, the
mould boards may be turned out to any required degree. The subsoil plough
may also be made into an expanding broad share or paring plough by attaching
to the sole shoe. of the subsoil plough a little behind the coulter two steel
blades or cutters by means of a screw bolt and nut, so that the blades may
turn on the bolt as on a hinge; the other ends of the steel blades are fixed
to the sole plate by means of two slotted bars, one end of each of which is
fixed to one of the blades, and the bars are fixed to the sole plate by a screw
bolt passing through the slots in the bars, and through a hole in the sole shoe,
and the whole is clamped up tight by a nut. The slotted bars are slightly
curved, so that when the nut is screwed up tight the cutting edges of the
blades are rendered hollow, so that when the implement is at work, the only
parts that ride upon the ground are the cutting edges of the blades, and the
front part of the dipping share. A manure distributor and seed drill may
also be attached to the frame. For this purpose a hopper is fixed to the top
of the frame by nut and screw, an iron upright is screwed to the right and
left side of the hopper, projecting above the hopper in such a way as to allow
a spindle to work in the upper part of it, on which spindle there are one or
two pinions (as may be required) or small wheels studded round their circum-
ference with iron studs. The iron uprights, as before described, project also
below the floor of the hopper, and have also a spindle running in them, on

page_text: which are one or two studded pinions or wheels as above. Over these
studded pinions an endless chain passes, the studs passing through the links
of the chain to keep the chain clear and also to drive it. This chain is to
pass also through the floor of the manure box or hopper, then round the
under studded pinion and round on the outside of the hopper to the upper
pinion. Two driving wheels put in motion the lower pinion, which causes the
chain to be dragged through the hole in the floor of the manure box, and with
it a small portion of its contents, the quantity being regulated by the size of the
aperture in the floor, which size can be regulated by a slide. In distributing
guano, which is very sticky, I have a brush of whalebone, which sweeps
the chain as it passes out of the hopper; this also prevents the pinions
becoming furred; it might be necessary to place it close to the under pinion to
brush it as well as the chain. If I wish to give a vibrating motion to the
apron on which the manure falls, I have a rose wheel adjusted close to the
boss of one of the driving wheels, as the rose wheel revolves its interstices
give motion to a bar with a friction wheel, which is continually pushed into
the interstices or notches of the rose wheel by a small weight; this bar is
attached to the apron to which a vibrating action is given as the rose
and driving wheels revolve.. I propose to sow corn, &c., the same way,
a perforated leather band being substituted for the chain, the perforations
taking up a certain quantity of seed, the rest being wiped off by a flat brush
placed on one side of the opening in the floor of the hopper. If I want to
sow turnip seed I have a little circular box on one side of the lower pinion,
from which the seed is dropped by any suitable means. The driving wheels
are either attached to frame or to the descending frames on each side of the
hopper, through which the spindle of the lower studded pinion passes.
In place of allowing the manure or seed to fall in a continuous stream, the
manure or seed may be deposited at intervals by means of two boards placed
beneath the outlets where the manure or seed falls through from the hopper,
one of the boards being moved to and from the other board at intervals.
Coulters may also, when desired, be attached to the manure distributor.
5
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Samuel Newington in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
1st June 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL.
5
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
⚫ by the said Samuel Newington in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
1st June 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL.
NEWINGTON, of Ticehurst, in the County of Sussex, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Samuel Newington, Her special licence that I, the said Samuel
Newington, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Samuel Newington, iny executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Samuel Newington, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their; or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Newington, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say: -
This Invention has for its object improvements in agricultural implements.
For this purpose a frame is constructed capable of having attached to it several
different kinds of implements.
Figure 1 shows a plan view, and Figure 2 a side view of this frame; the
frame consists of a central beam a, the fore part of which is bent upwards,
and through the fore part of the beam there is a hole through which an upright
rod bcarrying wheels passes; this rod can be set at any desired height by
means of a set screw c or other adjustment. To the other end of the central
beam a, handles a¹ are attached similar to ordinary plough handles. On each
side and near the centre of the beam are hinged the ends of two side bars d,
so that the other .ends of the side bars can be moved further from or nearer to
the central beam a, and near these ends of the side bars are attached curved
bars e, which pass through a slot in the central beam, and are fixed there by a
set screw e, or otherwise. The side bars d and central beam a have holes
formed in them, through which the stems of tines ƒ may be passed, and fixed
there by nuts, screwing on to the stems of the tines f, as shown at Figures
1 and 2, or by other suitable means.

page_text: Figures 1 and 2 show five tines f, such as are shown at Figure 3, attached
to the frame; but this may be varied; for instance, the two back tines on the
side bars d may be replaced by curved knives such as are shown at Figure 4;
or three tines only, such as are shown at Figure 3, may be attached to the
frame, one tine being fixed in the end hole in each of the side bars d, and the
other in the front hole a² of the central beam a; or the two hinder tines
attached to the side bars d may be replaced by curved knives, such as are
shown at Figure 4. And I would remark that although I have only shown
one kind of tine and one curved knife to be applied to the frame, other forms
of tines and knives may in a similar manner be applied to the frame.
Figures 5 and 6 show respectively a side view and plan of a subsoil plough
or deep stirrer, suitable for being attached to the frame by screws and nuts;
this subsoil plough or deep stirrer consists of a coulter g in front, and shank h
behind, and of a flat iron sole shoe i terminating in a lengthened dipping
double feathered share ¹; the coulter g and shank h are rivetted into the sole
shoe i, and the top of the coulter and also of the shank is attached to the
central beam of the frame by screws k, on their ends passing through the two
holes in the central beam a and the nuts k. In addition to the central beam
of the frame having a subsoil plough or deep stirrer attached to it, there
may at the same time be attached to the side bars two or other number of
hoes or curved knives, such as are shown at Figure 4, which may be set at
any required distance from the plough, by turning the side. bars d on their
hinges. The subsoil plough may also be formed into a double mould board.
plough, as shown at Figures 7 and 8, by attaching the fore end of a mould
board to each side of the coulter g by means of a pin passing through loops
on the back of the coulter g, and on the front of the mould boards I, or other-
wise, so that the mould boards / may turn as on a hinge. The back part of
the mould boards are attached, by means of shanks m, to the side bars & of
the frame; and by reason of the bars & turning on hinges, the mould boards
may be turned out to any required degree. The subsoil plough may also be
made into an expanding broadshare or paring plough, as shown at Figures 9
and 10, by attaching to the sole shoe i of the subsoil plough, a little behind the
coulter, the ends of two steel blades or cutters n, by means of a screw bolt
and nut o, so that the blades may turn on the bolt as on a hinge, and allow of
their being set further apart or nearer to one another; the other ends of the
steel blades n are fixed to the sole plate i by means of two slotted bars p,
which project from the blades, and the bars p are fixed to the sole plate i by
a screw bolt passing through the slots in the bars and through a hole in the
sole shoe, and the whole is clamped up tight by a nut . The slotted bars p

page_text: are slightly curved, so that when the nut is screwed up tight, the cutting
edges of the blades are rendered hollow, so that when the implement is at
work, the only parts that ride upon the ground are the cutting edges of the
blades and the front part of the dipping share ¹; or in place of the bars p
being slotted they may have two or more holes formed in them for the screw
bolt to pass through.
A manure distributor and seed drill may also be attached to the frame. For
this purpose a hopper is fixed to the top of the frame by nut and screw; an
iron upright is screwed to the right and left side of the hopper, projecting
above the hopper in such a way as to allow a spindle to work in the upper
part of it, on which spindle there are one or two pinions (as may be required),
or small wheels studded round their circumference with iron studs.
The iron uprights, as before described, project also below the floor of the
hopper, and have also a spindle running in them, on which are one or two
studded pinions or wheels, as above; over these studded pinions an endless
chain passes, the studs passing through the links of the chain to keep the
chain clean, and also to drive it. This chain is to pass also through the floor
of the manure box or hopper, then round the under studded pinion, and round
on the outside of the hopper to the upper pinion. Two driving wheels put in
motion the lower pinion, which causes the chain to be dragged through the
hole in the floor of the manure box, and with it a small portion of its contents,
the quantity being regulated by the size of the aperture in the floor, which
size can be regulated by a slide.
In distributing guano, which is very sticky, I have a brush of whalebone,
which sweeps the chain as it passes out of the hopper; this also prevents the
pinion becoming furred; it might be necessary to place it close to the under
pinion to brush it as well as the chain.
If I wish to give a vibrating motion to the apron on which the manure falls,
I have a rose wheel adjusted close to the boss of one of the driving wheels;
as the rose wheel revolves its interstices give motion to a bar with a friction
wheel which is continually pushed into the interstices or notches of the rose
wheel by a small weight; this bar is attached to the apron to which a vibrating
action is given, as the rose and driving wheels revolve.
I propose to sow corn, &c., in the same way, a perforated leather band
being substituted for the chain, the perforations taking up a certain quantity
of seed, the rest being wiped off by a flat brush placed on one side of the
opening in the floor of the hopper. If I want to sow turnip seed I have a
little circular box on one side of the lower pinion, from which the seed is
dropped by any suitable means. The driving wheels are either attached to.

page_text: the frame or to the descending frames on each side of the hopper, through
which the spindle of the lower studded pinion passes.
In place of allowing the manure or seed to fall in a continuous stream, the
manure or seed may be deposited at intervals by means of two boards placed
beneath the outlets where the manure or seed falls through from the hopper,
one of the boards being moved to and from the other board at intervals.
Coulters may also, when desired, be attached to the manure distributor.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Newington, bave hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
SAMUEL NEWINGTON. (L.S.)