Improvements in the Manufacture of Perfumes.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application (in United Kingdom), 19th Aug., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 19th Aug., 1895-Accepted, 7th Mar., 1896-
Improvements in the Manufacture of Perfumes.
I, MARTIN EKENBERG, Doctor of Philosophy, and Engineer, and the Firm of
LARS MONTEN both of 3 Agnegatan, Stockholm, in the Kingdom of Sweden, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of perfumes. As a solvent of aromatic
substances for preparing the perfumes for use in apartments or for garments and
the like, alcohol of different degrees of concentration is usually employed. This
solvent has, in fact, the characteristic peculiarities of retaining, so to speak, the
odoriferous substances-ordinarily the etheric oils at a high boiling point or the solid
substances and it is only after the solvent is evaporated that the perfumes become
manifest in the desired composition. The more water the alcohol contains, the more
time will the perfumes require in order to become manifest; if, moreover, the
perfume is utilized in the usual manner by spreading it directly, humid spots will
result which after some time leave a slightly concentrated perfume having a feeble
odour. The intensity of the odour and the division up to a certain degree can of
course be increased for the perfume of apartments, for instance, by employing
pulverizers or special flagons to which air compressers are adapted. But these
apparatus have only little effect, they are expensive, are soon in a bad state and
require experience for enabling persons to make proper use thereof.
By the process which forms the subject of this invention we are enabled to remedy
these inconveniences; this process being such that on filling the receptacles or
flagons destined for the purpose with perfume consisting of a mixture of etheric
oils and aromatic substances or of their solutions in alcohols bodies are introduced,
under a strong or feeble pressure, which bodies, at the temperature of the chamber
or at the temperature of the hand, are partially or totally converted into gaseous
form and which at a temperature of 30 degrees Centigrade are susceptible of
producing a sufficient pressure for forcing the whole liquid out of the receiving
flagons, while employing in each case only volatile bodies which, apart from the
above enumerated qualities moreover possess the further quality of not being
odorous or-like the alcohol in perfumes now manufactured-that of having so
feeble and so little penetrating an odour that the nature of the perfume is not
sensibly modified thereby. When the liquid leaves its preserving flagon, the
introduced body becomes disengaged in the form of gas and simultaneously carries
away with it the perfume in such quantity that its odour becomes instantly
manifest, and owing to the pressure, one obtains a convenient application and
vaporization.

page_text: As examples of bodies which have the above enumerated qualities, we may cite
the following: The carbonated hydrogen such as butane; tetramethylmethane,
isopentane; aldehyde; the various species of ethers such as ethylic ether and the
like all of which have the boiling point below 30 degrees Centigrade at one
atmosphere, also carbonic acid protoxide of nitrogen, methane, air and the like.
An increase of the intensity of odour will be particularly perceptible if one
saturates the perfume with a body which presents a gaseous form at the temperature
of the chamber as for instance the methane, without for that reason sensibly
increasing the pressure. On opening the flagon gas will be slowly developed in
this case which gas carries away with it the odoriferous substances and consequently
one can maintain a constant intensity of odour for the whole time during which the
evaporation lasts.
As regards perfumes for apartments, by the use of which it is desired to instan-
taneously spread the perfume in the air without non-evaporated drops of liquid
being formed, the added body is a liquid having its boiling point not higher than
30 degrees Centigrade and the same is introduced in such a quantity that it forms
the principal solvent of the odoriferous substance. An instantaneous and complete
evaporation is obtained on using it. As the solvents of perfumes have usually also
the quality of dissolving the resin and the like, the drops of liquid which fall out,
produce spots upon polished furniture and the like with which they may come in
contact.
The receptacles mostly consisting of glass flagons-which serve to preserve the
perfumes with the bodies introduced under pressure, will be provided with a simple
valve of a convenient construction, so that the liquid can be spread by a very simple
manipulation.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is
1. The process for preparing perfumes with a greater intensity of odour, the
characteristic feature consisting in the fact that a mixture of etheric oils and
aromatous substances or their solutions in alcohol, is saturated, without sensibly
increasing the pressure inside the preserving receptacle, with a body which presents
a partly or totally gaseous form below the temperature of +30 degrees Centigrade
at one atmosphere, which latter body is inodorous like the air for instance, or which
has only such a slight odour that it does not become disengaged as a constituent
element of the perfume.
2. As another development of the process characterized by the preceding claim,
the process of increasing the intensity of odour of the perfumes permitting at
the same time of spreading them easily, the characteristic feature being that on
filling the flagons to be used in the consumption of the perfume bodies are
introduced, under pressure which at the ordinary temperature of the apartment or
at the temperature of the hand are partly or totally in a gaseous form and do not
present in this gaseous form such an odour that this latter becomes disengaged as
a constituent element of the perfume.
3. In the process specified in the second claim the use of a body presenting a
partly gaseous form at a temperature of +30 degrees Centigrade, in such a quantity
that it can serve at the same time as a solvent for the perfume with the object of
obtaining a complete and instantaneous evaporation and a perfect vaporization of
the perfume.
Dated this 19th day of August 1895.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant..