IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS;
Year: 1846

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
TOUCHE, of Rue Saint Antoine, Paris, in the Kingdom of France, Merchant,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Thirtieth day of April, in the ninth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Joseph Touche, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Joseph Touche, my exors,
adñiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph Touche, my exors,
adiñors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LAMPS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said
Joseph Touche, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled
in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent,
as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joseph Touche, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and

page_text: ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon
(that is to say):
The Improvements in Lamps consist in the application to them of the
following well-known principle, that liquids are not elastic, and that air is
essentially so, and that if a chamber is filled with air a liquid introduced with
force into it the air will be compressed in proportion to the space occupied by
the liquid, and the air and the liquid will occupy a position in the chamber
according to the respective gravities of the tow. In this arrangement of lamp
there are two spaces or reservoirs distinct from each other. The internal ono is
filled with air, and the one which surrounds the lamp is supplied with the
required quantity of oil for the service of the lamp; through the upper part
between the reservoirs is a small pump, and there are valves to open a commu-
nication between them when required. It will be readily seen by examining tho
Drawing that if the piston of the pump is worked, that the oil contained in the
outer reservoir will be forced into the inner reservoir containing the air, and in
proportion as the oil is forced into the inner reservoir so will the air be
pressed towards the upper part of it, and when the inner reservoir is nearly
filled with oil the air will be compressed into a small space in the upper
part of it. The working of the pump will then cease, and the air being com-
pressed will possess an elastic force, which is employed for the purpose of forcing
up the oil to the burner; but as in proportion to the oil being supplied to the
burner so will the space occupied by the air in the inner chamber be increased
and the force of the air be decreased, the operation of which would send
to cause an irregularity in the ascension of the oil to the burner, to obviate
this, I have arranged a compensator which facilitates the passage of the oil
from the reservoir to the burner proportionally to the decrease of the force
of the air in the inner chamber. The mode of arranging this combination will
be readily understood by the following description, and by examining the
Drawing, which represents a vertical section of the inner part of a lamp, and
having explained the principle of the Invention, I will proceed to describe the
Drawings, first observing, that I do not confine myself to the details or to the
shape or dimensions of the lamp.
Figure 1 represents a vertical section of a lamp. constructed to carry out
this Invention. A is the inner reservoir filled with air at its natural
pressure;
this chamber or reservoir is surrounded by another reservoir B, which is filled
with oil through the cup D. E is a pump arranged between the two reservoirs A
and B. C is the piston of the pump; the rod of this piston projects outside of
the lamp, and has at its outor end a handle or button to facilitate the working

page_text: of it. When the pump is not being worked the piston rod will be pressed
down within the lamp, and the handle (which is so constructed as to fold over
at F) is pressed into a recess formed into the outer reservoir. At the lower
part of the disc c of the reservoir A is a metallic cloth I, so placed as to
5 prevent any of the impurities sometimes mixed with the oil from passing up
to the burner. His a cylinder partly placed over this wire cloth grating, the
end of which being in the form of a tube j, constitutes the tube of ascension
for the oil to the burner, and the upper part of this tube j is connected to the
piece k, which communicates directly with the burner. The tube j, at the part
marked in the Drawing from a to b, is arrowed in its inner part so as to leave
space only for a metallic rod M, which is made to move freely therein. Upon
this rod are raised two conical pieces; towards the upper part of this rod is
placed a small roller N, to which is attached the end of the spiral spring O,
which acts as a compensator, the lower part of the tube j, as before explained,
being in the form of a cylinder to surround the grating, which acts as a filter.
The lower part of the pump E is connected to the disc G, having at is lower
part another disc perforated with small holes. Under this first plate P, and
between a second plate Q, is hermetically closed by means of screws a leather
disc R, with two valves S. T. U is the passage of communication from this
reservoir B, with the pump E,.by means of the small hole V. X is another
passage which establishes a communication between the pump E to the air
reservoir A.
Fig. 2 is an horizontal section of the lamp, the passage Y schowing how the
cup D communicates with the reservoir B.
Figures 3 and 4 are views of this disc of leather R, showing the way the
valves S and T are cut.
Figures 5 and 6 schow two views of the metallic plate Q, with the holes
for the screws and the suitable openings. The mode of preparing the lamp
for use would be as follows:-The oil being allowed to flow from the cup D
would pass into the reservoir B, as indicated by the red color in the Drawing;
then by working the piston of the pump the action of it will be to force the
oil from the receiver B into the body of the pump E, under the piston c, and
from this into the air chamber A, which will force the air up to the upper
part. When all the oil has been forced from the reservoir B into the
reservoir A it will nearly occupied the whole of the space of that reservoir,
and will by the compression acquire a force capable of forcing the oil through
the filter, and raise it to the burner throug the narrow opening A, B, between
the compensator M. When the air is acting with the greatest force the com-
pensator will be raised upwards by the flow of oil, which diminishes the

page_text: passage of the oil, but as the air looses its elasticity and occupies a greater
volume its force will diminish, and the spring O, acting with a force in proportion
to that lost by the air, will act upon the ball N, which presses upon the rod M
and causes it to descend so as to increase the opening for the passage of the
oil. By this means there is a constant regularity in the supply of oil to the
burner. The rod Z prevents the spring from getting deranged, and assists in
its reacting force.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Touche, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-six.
A.
This is the Specification referred to in the Affidavit of William Henry
Ritchie, sworn before me this 15th day of October, 1846.
W. HORNE.
William Henry Ritchie, of Old Square, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, maketh oath and saith, that he is acquainted with the
manner and character of the handwriting of Thomas Pickford, Her Britannic
Majesty's Consul at Paris, in the Kingdom of France; and this Deponent
further saith, that the signature "Thomas Pickford," set, subscribed, and
written in the margin of the Specification hereunto annexed, marked A, and
dated the Sixth day of October now instant, and purporting to be executed by
Joseph Touche, of Paris aforesaid, Merchant, whereby it is stated that ho, tho
said Joseph Touche, acknowledged the said Specification before the said
Thomas Pickford on the said Sixth day of October, at Paris aforesaid, is of
the proper handwriting of the said Thomas Pickford.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the oath of William Henry Ritchie,
the Specification aforesaid was enrolled, word for word, as above written. And
also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-second day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-six.