matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Archibald Macdonald at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th June
1866.
I, ARCHIBALD MACDONALD, of Elmore Road, Islington, in the County of
Middlesex, Accountant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in locks relates to the locks for which a
Patent, No. 1828, dated 5th May 1862, was granted to Herbert Allman, in
which what may be termed the tumblers or parts raised by a stepped key,
consist of wires which when all raised to their proper and respective positions
pass through holes in a fixed fence plate, and the bolt of the lock being
simultaneously acted upon by the key, it may be shot or moved. The
tumbler wires, as heretofore made, have been liable to bend and have each
consisted of one limb of wire or small rods of steel.
My first improvement consists in arranging the tumbler wires in convolutions,
one part being coiled on a pin fixed in a plate moving with the lock bolt,
while the tail ends of the wires bear on a pin fixed to the said plate, or they
may be carried thence to another point of resistance to maintain their spring
and resilience and inherent tendency to move in one direction. By this
means great length of wire even in small locks may be attained in each

page_text: tumbler wire. The opposite ends may also be returned and act as tumbler
wires.
A further improvement also consists in the application of a plate below
the bolt, and which plate transmits the movement to the bolt and also
effectually cuts off communication between the keyhole and the bolt, which
prevents it being operated on by picklocks. I also form and fit the spring
which produces the discharge of a spring bolt lock broad enough to cover or
enclose the bolt from the area round the keyhole with a like object.
A third improvement consists in mounting the fence plate having the holes
through which the wires pass on a fulcrum pin on which it can rock to a
certain extent, and which it will do by reason of the tumbler wires being
lifted too high by a false key, the ends coming against an inclined part of the
fence plate, causing it to move; it is held in position by a spring bearing
against its tail, and over which the first movement causes it to click; the
fence plate is thus thrown out of position and acts as a stop for the bolt even
if the proper key be used to open the lock, while the tampering with it will
be at once indicated; the lock may be readily readjusted by turning the key
a little in the opposite direction, or it may be by lifting a small lever on the
bolt plate and causing the release and return of the fence plate to its proper
position. I further make grooves across the face of the fence plate as false
receptacles for the tumbler wires to enter when operated on by improper
means.
A further improvement in locks consists in applying a glass covering
plate so that the works can be seen when a lock is not fixed in position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF JUTE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Allen Oldroyd and Peter Augustin
Godefroy at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 8th August 1866.
We, ALLEN OLDROYD, of 4, Oakfield Terrace, Clapton, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, and PETER AUGUSTIN GODEFROY, of 5, Church Road,
Homerton, in the County of Middlesex, aforesaid, Operative Chemist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
TREATMENT OF JUTE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the treatment of jute.
We prepare a bath sufficient to immerse the quantity of jute to be operated
upon. To every 6 or 8 gallons of water we add one pound of crude potass,
more or less, and we keep the solution at a temperature of 140 to 160 degrees
Fahrenheit; the jute is steeped in this bath for 10 to 12 hours, then passed
through rollers to loosen the resinous matter contained in the jute, and rinsed
in water, next the jute is again steeped as before, keeping the bath at
the same strength and heat, and the steeping is continued for 14 or 16
hours, more or less; next the jute is dipped into a bath, which we prefer to
make up of sulphuric acid, an ounce to one gallon of cold water, more or
less, and we rinse the fibre well after this bath; next we steep the jute for
10 to 12 hours in a bath of the same temperature as the first. We prepare
this bath as follows:-We dissolve potass in water in the proportion of 4 ounces
of potass in each pint of water, and with this we mix vegetable oil in the
proportion of one ounce to the pint of water, and we mix till it becomes

page_text: perfectly united; this quantity is added to 2 gallons of water, more or less, in
making up the bath; after this bath the fibre is rinsed well in warm water;
next the fibre is again passed into the acid bath as before, and then it is again
steeped in the alkaline bath as at the first, and the process is conducted as
already described; lastly, the acid bath is again resorted to, and the fibre
washed and dried, when it is ready for the manufacturer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CARDING WOOL
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
December 1866.-A communication from abroad by Voelckel Boell,
of 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries, Paris, France, Spinner.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CARDING WOOL," (a communication to me
from abroad by Voelckel Boell, of 15, Passage des Petites Ecúries, Paris,
France, Spinner,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in superseding the mattresses now in use by means
of a small intermediate cylinder placed between the two cards. This cylinder
takes the wool from one card to give it to the other, and so on for two, three,
or even four cards, the number being unimportant and depending only on the
amount of carding required by the wool. To obviate the inconvenience
which might arise as to the equal partition of the wool there is adapted to
the workers a species of pulley set angularly on the shaft, and by means of
an iron guide the worker comes and goes on the large drum. Now in giving
this movement in an inverse direction from one worker to the other it follows
that one goes to the left, whereas the other goes to the right, and so on, the

page_text: result being that the most difficult mixture meets with no difficulty. By the
suppression of the mattresses a considerable saving of labour is effected, because
the machine never being stopped produces more, and that a single person
manages a complete assortment better than two persons by the old method.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Dawson Clegg and Didier
Louis Nicolas Daubisguye at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 8th February, 1866.
We, ROBERT DAWSON CLEGG, of 22, Parkfield Street, Islington, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, and DIDIER LOUIS NICOLAS DAUBISGUYE,
of 22, Rue Hautefeuille, Paris, Publicist, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS," to be as follows:-
Ist, in the employ of excentric wheels of various forms fixed to supports
upon the body of the pump to work the piston, and such wheels are so
arranged that by means of a slide with or without small wheels they raise
and lower the piston so as to raise and force water or other liquid.
2nd, in the employ of excentric wheels placed in a groove in which the
excentric wheels work, and this cage or groove is fixed to the piston rod,
there also being supports to support the axle of the excentric wheel.
3rd, in placing an excentric or concentric wheel in the interior of the
body of the pump working within pinions or sliding stops, and the axle
traversing the body of the pump working by a handle or by cog wheels or
other motive power on the exterior.
4th, by an arrangement of valves a double action is produced from one
piston; for instance, on the descent of the piston water can be raised and
forced out at one and the same time, and on the ascent of the piston the

page_text: same effect is produced, so that with one piston two continuous streams of
water can be forced out. This combination can be multipied by having
several pistons on the same rod, and each intervening space possessing
the power of raising and forcing water.
5th, the arrangement of several pumps to be worked by one excentric
wheel.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN HYDRAULIC PRESSES AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH FOR BENDING METALS, PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ralph Hart Tweddell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,. on the 29th
October 1866.
I, RALPH HART TWEDDELL, Engineer, of Sunderland, in the County of
Durham, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HYDRAULIC PRESSES AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH FOR BENDING
METALS, PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has first for its object improvements in hydraulic-presses and
apparatus employed for bending or setting angle irons or metal bars suitable
for being employed in the construction of ships' frames, and for other like
purposes where such angle irons or bars have to be bent into angular or
irregular forms, more especially if they have to be bent in order to accom-
modate themselves to and lay against irregular shaped forms; this object is
effected by means of an ordinary hydraulic press mounted on wheels or other-
wise. This press is connected by strong rods or pillars or by other suitable
means to the "abutting frame."
In setting iron a suitably shaped die is inserted in the abutting frame, or
two dies may be used with a space between them, and the ram, provided also
with a suitable die, may operate between the parts were sharp bends and
alterations in form are required; corresponding dies of the shape of the bend
or formation required to. be obtained are inserted both in the ram of the
hydraulic press and also in the abutting frame, and the angle or bar to be

page_text: bent or shaped is placed between them, and by means of the press forced per-
manently to assume the required shape. As in bending heavy bars of metal
the strength of the machine may be overstrained and fracture ensue, I
propose according to the second part of my improvements to attach the suction
valve of the pumps direct to a small cylinder or ram of somewhat larger area
than the area of the valve placed immediately over it, and allowing this
cylinder to go through the valve box with the usual leathers to prevent
leakage, and weighting it by means of a spring lever weight or other suitable
contrivance to the extreme pressure the machine can safely stand; the suction
valve to be so arranged that when the ram is not pressed beyond its safe
limit the valve can fall up and down and admit more water, and consequently
more pressure as the pump acts, but when once the limit to which the ram is
loaded to is exceeded the ram is forced out and lifts the suction valve from
its seat.
This part of my improvements is applicable for the purpose of arresting
'the action of hydraulic presses employed for other purposes at any given
pressure when required, and suction valve apparatus of this character may be
applied to pumps used for various purposes.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFES OR SIMILAR DEPOSITORIES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bewsher Moxon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
March 1866.
I, THOMAS BEWSHER MOXON, of Stockport, in the County of Chester,
Banker's Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFES OR SIMILAR DEPOSITORIES," to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed for the purpose of rendering "safes." or other
depositories for valuable articles more secure than hitherto, and for giving
an alarm at any place or distance from the safe desired if an unlawful
attempt should be made to open the safe when locked or closed. The
improvements consist in arranging and confining within the interior of the
safe or other convenient place an electric battery, from one of the poles of
which an insulated wire is conducted to any convenient or desired place. This
wire is caused to take a winding or serpentine course along and throughout the
sides of the interior of the safe, forming thereby a cage, which may be imbedded
for insulation in suitable cement or gutta percha. From the opposite hole of
the battery another wire is conducted so as to form a connection with the
aforesaid wire, so that when the safe door is closed the electric current
between the poles of the battery is complete, and in such condition the
current will suspend a magnet arranged in any position or place upon the

page_text: conducting wire, but should the wire be severed or disconnected and the
electric current broken the said magnet is no longer held in suspension, but
is caused to drop on to the end of a lever, and by the weight of such magnet
immediately sets in motion an alarm, thereby giving notice that an attempt
has been made to open the safe; the interstices of the wire cage within the
interior of the safe are sufficiently small to preclude the posibility of any
instrument being inserted without destroying the electric current.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC PRESSURE FRAMES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Farindon Lane at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th December
1866.
I, FARINDON LANE, of Rotherham, in the County of York, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PHOTOGRAPHIC PRESSURE FRAMES," to be as follows:―
My Invention relates to an improved pressure frame for printing positive
proofs from photographic negatives. It consists of a back piece, to which a
spring clip is attached, which serves to hold the plate and the paper together
by one end during the printing. To the front edge of the back piece a flap is
attached by a hinged joint, allowing it to turn back to examine the print;
this flap with a part of the back piece forms a backing somewhat larger than
the plate to be printed from, and this is covered with black velvet, cioth, or
other elastic material to insure contact between the plate and the paper.
Attached to the flap are other spring clips fixed to pieces which slide in
sockets so as to allow of their being easily withdrawn and replaced on the
edge of the plate when it is necessary to examine the print; these clips when
on give the necessary pressure to produce contact between the paper and plate
for the purposes desired.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COTTON BALLS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathaniel Jones Amies at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
January 1866.
I, NATHANIEL JONES AMIES, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Smallware Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COTTON BALLS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention is designed for the purpose of forming or applying a certain
description of core or foundation used in the construction of cotton balls, and
the improvements consist in the application and use of a core made of paper
or cardboard having a corrugated, ribbed, undulating, or other regular or
irregular uneven surface, which corrugations or variableness of surface are
employed to strengthen the core against vertical and lateral pressure. These
cores may either have the periphery parallel to the axis (as a tube) or they
may be made wider in the middle (as a barrel), and the corrugations or
irregularities of surface may be made upon them in any form or in any
direction which may be found best adapted to strengthen the core. The
cotton is wound on this description of core as upon the plain cores now
employed.
AN IMPROVED LIGHTING, HEATING, AND COOKING APPARATUS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Webster at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st December
1866.
I, JAMES WEBSTER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Mechanical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
LIGHTING, HEATING, AND COOKING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to lamp heating cooking apparatuses, and has for
its object to combine a reading, heating, and safety lamp with a cooking
pan, grid, kettle, water, and other holders in a portable form for the use of
miners, emigrants, and others.
The apparatus consists, first, of a cylindrical lamp in which oil or spirit
may be consumed, the holder of which lamp is formed with a dipping tube
for containing the wick and preventing the liquid from being spilt should
the lamp be turned upside down. The kettle or water heater, which also
forms the chimney of the lamp, is made of a concentric cylindrical shape, and
when the lamp is intended for mining purposes the burner and open top of
the kettle are fitted with wire gauze. The cylinders of the kettle are closed at
the top and bottom, the top being fitted with a perforated feed plug and nozzle,
and with a folding handle or handles for lifting it on and off the lamp. In the
side of this kettle an opening is formed in which a lense is fixed, so that the
light from the lamp is thus made available for reading or lighting purposes,

page_text: while it may be at the same time operating as a water and air heater and
cooking stove. The lamp and heater are partly enclosed by removeable
uprights and a semi-cylindrical case, at the top of which a pan and grid rest
is fitted, and on the outside of which case sockets are formed for holding
various articles such as knives, forks, pepper, salt, and the like. The stove
thus formed and fitted is enclosed in an outer case or cylinder, the bottom
part of the latter forms a pail for water, and the upper portion or lid, which
is capable of being secured to the lower part, and is fitted with a handle for
carrying the whole, affords space for containing meat or other edible matter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CRICKET BALLS, RACKET, TENNIS, AND FOOT BALLS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Huntley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th March
1866..
I, CHARLES HUNTLEY, of Hackney Wick, in the County of Middlesex,
Cricket Ball Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CRICKET BALLS, RACKET, TENNIS, AND FOOT BALLS," to be.
as follows:
This Invention relates to certain improvements in cricket balls, and in
those used for rackets and tennis, whereby they are rendered more durable
than the ordinary balls, and also impervious to the effects of damp or
moisture.
I propose to sew or stitch the leather cover or shell of the ball with catgut
or similar material, understood by the general appellation of catgut, or other'
suitable gut, or with prepared hide, instead of with hemp or flax as is ordinarily
done, by which means the ball is kept secure and prevented from bursting
open by the rebated blows of the bat.
I also propose to render the ball waterproof by the application of a cover
or lining of india-rubber, vulcanized or not, whereby when the ball is used on
a wet field it will not absorb the moisture, and therefore will not become
soft or liable to crack.
The foundation of the match cricket ball consists of cork and worsted, with
or without feathers, and (if desired) with a small quantity of solution of
gutta percha, or india-rubber, or gum, to give the balls a good action in the
Price 811

page_text: field. This improved foundation being compressed by the winding of the
worsted, or by pressure in a mould, will give a degree of density to the
foundation, and render the ball firmer and more lasting than the ordinary
balls, and the action of the ball in the air will be much improved. Hockey
and croquet balls may be made on the same principle. The foundation may
be covered with leather, salt or dry hide, or india-rubber, or with cotton
fibres. Foot balls are to be made by the same stitching as the cricket balls,
leaving out the foundation.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN CERTAIN ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL COMMONLY CALLED SHIRT FRONTS OR DICKEYS AND CHEMISETTE FRONTS
Year: 1866

page_text: 1866.
I, GEORGE SPEIGHT, of Collingwood Street, City Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Collar Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN CERTAIN ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL
COMMONLY CALLED SHIRT FRONTS OR DICKEYS AND CHEMISETTE FRONTS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to certain articles worn on the person and commonly
called shirt fronts or dickeys and chemisette fronts; they are attached in front
of the person, and being wholely or partly in view they are used to avoid the
expence and trouble of having to change or wash a whole garment.
The object of my Invention is to manufacture these articles so that they
shall be cheap and more convenient and agreeable in wear, stronger, and of
better fit and appearance than heretofore. For this purpose I cut out or
form the body of the front or article in paper or other sufficiently stiff
material, and I face the front with linen, calico, or other textile or flexible
material, which I form in such wise that it shall extend beyond the top edge
of the body of the front, and I fold it over itself at such part so as to form
what may be described as a double or hollow band with a folded edge at top,
and this band thus leaves or forms within itself a passage above the top edge

page_text: of the body of the front for the insertion of tape, ribbon, or other attaching agent
which fastens the front in place; the textile material is also folded over the
edge of the paper at one or both sides. The top band and edges formed as
described prevent the front from hurting the neck, and being flexible or
elastic they occasion the article to adapt itself suitably to the shape of the
neck, and afford what is termed an excellent "set." A portion of the textile
material may be left dependant at the lower edge of the front with a hole
or slot therein or a button thereon to fasten the front to any other garment.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR FACING OR SMOOTHING THE SURFACE OF STONE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th June
1866.
I, THOMAS SMITH, of Rodley, near Leeds, in the County of York, Machinist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY
FOR FACING OR SMOOTHING THE SURFACE OF STONE," to be as follows:-
The primary object of my Invention is to face or smooth the surfaces of
flags although applicable to stone used for other purposes such as "sets" and
"landings." It consists in the first place of a vertical shaft, having secured
to its upper extremity a table of eccentric form, instead of being as is usual
circular. The lower end of the shaft is geared for the purpose of receiving
motion. Holes of suitable size and at convenient distances are formed on the
surface of and near to the edge of the table for the purpose of receiving the
pins, by means of which the stone placed upon it is retained in position. On
either side of the table, at opposite points to each other, are placed two smaller
vertical shafts (the upper bearings of which work against slides formed on the
inner sides of guide standards), which are driven by gearing from the first-
named shaft, and are furnished with a cam or crank on each of their upper
extremities. These cams or cranks are coupled to an iron frame of rectangular
form, and adapted to receive slabs or blocks of stone placed over the table.
Suitable gearing is provided for raising the rectangular frame, as may be
required, the driven gear on the small side vertical shafts working on feathered
shafts and permitting the upper bearings (which support the shafts and with

page_text: them the cams or cranks and top frame) to ascend or descend as required.
The table and top frame being charged with stone and placed in proper
position for rubbing or scouring, a rotary motion is imparted to the main
vertical shaft, and the table describes the curve consequent upon its shape,
whilst the top frame receives an eccentric motion in the opposite direction
from the cams or cranks to which it is united. It will thus be seen that an
efficient scouring or facing action is obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS FOR THE TREATMENT OF CERTAIN FATTY AND OILY SUBSTANCES IN ORDER TO OBTAIN PRODUCTS THEREFROM
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th April
1866. A communication from abroad by Henri Edouard Renner, of
Paris, in the Empire of France, Chemical Manufacturer.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS FOR THE TREATMENT OF CERTAIN FATTY AND
OILY SUBSTANCES IN ORDER TO OBTAIN PRODUCTS THEREFROM," a communication
to me from abroad by Henri Edouard Renner, of Paris, in the Empire of
France, Chemical Manufacturer, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application of a simple form of apparatus
herein-after described to the decomposition of vegetable and animal fats and
oils, consisting of fatty and oily acids, and having glycerine as their base, by
means of water or of a mixture of steam and water, or of an alkaline solution,
at a high temperature and pressure.
This apparatus consists essentially of a closed vessel or boiler, by preference
of copper, and of a cylindrical form, and made sufficiently strong to withstand
the requisite degree of pressure; it is provided with inlet and outlet pipes,
pressure guages, thermometer or pyrometer, safety valve, and proof cocks, also
a cock for the exit or escape of the atmospheric air contained in the de-
composing vessel or boiler at the commencement of the process. In using
this boiler about th its cubical contents is filled with water, or with an
alkaline solution, and about ths of its cubical contents with the fatty

page_text: or oily matters to be operated upon, so that the same shall be in contact with
the water or alkaline solution contained in the said boiler or closed vessel.
Heat is then applied to the boiler, either externally or internally; in the
latter case by the aid of flues constructed therein. The decomposition of the
fatty and oily substances and the separation of the fatty acids from the glycerine
with which they were originally united may be effected in from 6 to 12 hours,
at a pressure of about 12 atmospheres.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LINKS OR SHACKLES FOR CONNECTING CHAIN CABLES AND OTHER CHAINS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaiah Riley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd November
1866.
I, ISAIAH RILEY, of Freeling Street, Caledonian Road, Islington, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LINKS OR SHACKLES FOR
CONNECTING CHAIN CABLES AND OTHER CHAINS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the construction of link's
or shackles by means of which chain cables and other chains can be speedily
and securely connected. A link or shackle is constructed of two or more
parts, one of such parts being similar in form to the ordinary links of chains,
with the exception that a portion of one side thereof is removed, thus leaving
a space of sufficient width to admit the terminal links of the chains to be
connected. A cavity or recess or cavities or recesses is or are formed on
either side of the before-mentioned space for the insertion of projections with
which the ends of a connecting piece or connecting pieces of metal are furnished,
and which connecting piece or pieces' upon being inserted into the space in
the side of the link or shackle fills or fill the same, the link being thus
rendered complete. The projections formed upon the ends of the connecting
piece or pieces may be angular or circular, and if desired may for the
purposes

page_text: of additional security be made of a dovetailed figure, the cavities or recesses
in the main portion of the link or shackle being of a corresponding form to
admit the projections on the connecting piece or pieces. The several parts
of the link or shackle are secured and united together by rivetting the upper
surface of the main body of the link or shackle over the ends of the connecting
piece or pieces, which are made slightly to recede for that purpose; and in
cases in which the before-mentioned projections and the corresponding cavities
or recesses are not dovetailed, the connecting piece or pieces may be further
secured by passing a pin or screw through the link or shackle, and each of
the projections by means of holes or channels formed therein for that purpose,
the ends of such pins or screws being then riveted. In order to impart
additional strength to the link or shackle that portion thereof which is opposite
to the before-mentioned space is made of a section gradually increasing in
size from the ends to the centre thereof, the section of the side of the link on
which the connecting piece or pieces is or are placed being together with the
latter similarly enlarged. The link or shackle may be also strengthened by
means of a cross piece fitted by dovetails into the connecting piece or pieces
and into the opposite side of the link, the same being further secured by
riveting.
IMPROVED APPARATUS AND AUTOMATIC FIGURES CAPABLE OF PERFORMING VARIOUS GYMNASTIC FEATS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Pepper and Seraphicus
Francis Pichler.at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 13th December 1866.
We, JOHN HENRY PEPPER, of 61, Boundary Road, St. John's Wood, in the
County of Middlesex, and SERAPHICUS FRANCIS PICHLER, of 162, Great
Portland Street, also in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS AND AUTOMATIC FIGURES
CAPABLE OF PERFORMING VARIOUS GYMNASTIC FEATS," to be as follows:-
At the present time many gymnastic feats much appreciated by the public
are performed by athletes on a swing or instrument known as the trapèze;
these exhibitions, however, involve considerable risk of life and limb to the
performer. Now the object of our Invention is to remove this risk by sub-
stituting an automaton for a living figure, whilst at the same time enhancing
the gratification of the public, as the automaton is able to undertake feats
which would be too perilous for a living performer. The swing or instrument
has externally the ordinary appearance of a bar suspended by two ropes, but
the ropes are rendered stiff by bars within. The ropes are connected together
at their upper ends in such manner that they can be rocked simultaneously,
and down the interior of one of them there passes a light shaft or axis having
at its upper end a bevilled pinion gearing with a corresponding pinion which
receives its motion from a crank handle; at the lower end of the shaft or axis
contained within the side rope is another bevilled pinion gearing with a
corresponding pinion fixed on the bar on which the automaton performs, so

page_text: The
that the bar can be caused to rotate either entirely or partially.
automaton grasps the bar firmly with its hands and swings with the trapeze,
and being jointed in numerous parts as the bar rotates it assumes corre-
sponding attitudes, varying with each partial rotation of the bar.
On a
We also according to our Invention construct a skating automaton.
large sheet of brass or other material we place a figure with iron skates, and
underneath the plates are magnets, which by attracting the skates keep the
figure in an upright position, and as the magnets are moved about by suitable
mechanism the figure follows the motions of the magnets, and in this way the
evolutions of a skater are imitated.
By similar mechanism an automaton may be made to walk on the under
side of a ceiling or other surface.
We also according to our Invention construct an automaton to walk on a
tight rope. The rope has the usual external appearance, as seen from below,
but it is a tube with a slot along its upper side, and it contains two screws
with a nut on each of them; to these nuts the feet of the figure are attached,
and by turning the screws alternately from one end the figure is caused to
traverse from end to end of a rope with a motion resembling walking.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELASTIC FABRICS, AND IN THE APPLICATION THEREOF TO THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th February 1866.-A communication from abroad by Isaac Heer,
Manufacturer, residing at Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELASTIC FABRICS, AND IN
THE APPLICATION THEREOF TO THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as
follows:-
One part of this Invention consists in manufacturing elastic fabrics with
one warp of india-rubber and two or more warps of cotton, wool, silk, or
other suitable materials of any required colours and textures such as are
ordinarily employed for weaving, so as to obtain ornamental designs upon
the fabric such as are obtained upon ordinary non-elastic fabrics. In order
to obtain the requisite elasticity of the fabric the india-rubber
warp is
wound upon the warp beam and is passed across the loom to the cloth
beam in a stretched condition, the amount to which it is stretched corre-
sponding with the degree of elasticity required in the fabric. The
warps of
fibrous or other materials are arranged in the loom in the ordinary manner,
one or more being situated both above and below the india-rubber warp,
and are woven together with the india-rubber warp by means of wefts of.
any required description in the same manner as that in which non-elastic

page_text: textile fabrics are woven for producing either a plain, figured, satin, or pile
surface. It will be seen that when the finished fabric is removed from the
loom the india-rubber warp will contract to its natural length, and thereby
will draw together the entire fabric, which will consequently be elastic to
the extent required, and at the same time have the same appearance as a
non-elastic fabric.
Another part of this Invention consists in forming those parts of the
uppers of boots and shoes that have heretofore been made of a non-elastic
fabric with gores or pieces of ordinary elastic fabric inserted entirely of
the before-described elastic fabric, whereby the clumsy appearance and the
interference with the design of such uppers occasioned by the introduction
of the gores of ordinary elastic fabric is entirely avoided and the amount
of labor expended in making such uppers greatly diminished.
AN IMPROVED GAS BURNER
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
July 1866.-A communication from abroad by Julius Bronner, of
Frankfort on the Maine, in Germany.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent,
do bereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED GAS
BURNER" (a communication to me from abroad by Julius Bronner, of
Frankfort on the Maine, in Germany) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a novel construction of gas burner by which the
illuminating power of the gas is greatly increased and its consumption more
economically regulated than by ordinary buiners. The gas is conducted by
an ordinary burner to a closed tube or chamber of a larger size, from which
it passes through a second burner of superior capacity placed above the said
chamber. The size of the apertures of these two burners will be regulated
by the quality of the gas, but the lower or inlet apertures should always be
smaller than the upper or burning aperture. To diminish the length of the
flame, which is extraordinary, and in some cases inconvenient, the gas is
conducted through a layer of asbestos, cotton, filings, or other suitable
material which will check the pressure of the gas. Under this arrangement
the supply of gas is not greater than required for complete combustion, and
he gas is mixed with neither more nor less air than is requisite to produce
he greatest illuminating power.
THE MANUFACTURE OF SCOURING STONES, COMMONLY CALLED SOFT OR SAND STONES, USED FOR THE SCOURING AND CLEANSING OF STONE FLOORS, STEPS, OR OTHER SIMILAR PARTS OF DOMESTIC DWELLINGS OR OTHER EDIFICES OR SIMILAR PLACES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Duckett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th September
1866.
I, JAMES DUCKETT, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Builder and
Quarry Master, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"THE MANUFACTURE OF SCOURING STONES, COMMONLY CALLED SOFT OR SAND STONES,
USED FOR THE SCOURING AND CLEANSING OF STONE FLOORS, STEPS, OR OTHER SIMILAR
PARTS OF DOMESTIC DWELLINGS OR OTHER EDIFICES OR SIMILAR PLACES," to be as
follows:-
In manufacturing artificial scouring stones I mix certain proportions, about
fourteen pounds of ground stone, sand, or other similar material, and add.
thereto about 2 pounds of Portland or other cement, together with about
one pound and a half of boiled lime; I admix the whole together with a
quantity of water to reduce it to a proper consistency; I then place the
incorporated materials in moulds, whereby it is reduced to any desired form.
Afterwards the material is dried and becomes an indurated and compact mass
suitable for all purposes where stone or other similar material may be used for
scouring such surfaces as may require to be so treated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hector Auguste Dufrené at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
December 1866.-A communication from Monsieur Yoes Leperdriel,
residing at Saint Emy, in the Empire of France.
I, HECTOR AUGUSTE DUFRENE, of the General Patent Offices, 10, Rue de
la Fidélité, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 4, South Street, Finsbury,
London, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-PLACES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
To carry out the said improvements the grate containing the fire is placed
in a hollow metallic casing which is filled with water; this casing is of a
cylindrical form, leaving the front of the fire open, and the upper part is open
for the passage of the smoke. This kind of jacket may be placed in a fire-
place with a marble mantlepiece, or may be isolated; it is filled and emptied
by means of taps. The place under the grate where the ashes fall is cased
with sheet iron, and closes like the lower part of the casing of the grate. A
door made in the ash-box allows of the ashes being removed, and openings
give access to the air, which after entering is heated by the lost heat of the
ashes and small coal falling therein.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEATHING VESSELS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Dawson and John Paley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 7th November 1866.
We, THOMAS DAWSON, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Shipowner,
and JOHN PALEY, of the same Place, Cotton Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEATHING VESSELS,"
to be as follows:-
That instead of sheathing vessels with copper, Muntz's metal, or zinc, as
now used we propose to effect the same by applying galvanized iron.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUCKLES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Southall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th December,
1866.
I, HENRY SOUTHALL, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Saddler
and Harness Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BUCKLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in buckles,
which improvements are specially applicable to buckles for harness, but are
also applicable to buckles for other purposes.
The object of my Invention is to facilitate the detaching or separation of the
straps or bands fastened by the buckle from the buckle in case of emergency,
and when it is not possible or convenient to effect the said separation by
raising the tongue of the buckle. Buckles made according to my Invention
when used to connect the tugs and traces of harness permit of the rapid sepa-
ration of the said tugs and traces and the liberation of the horse in case of
accident.
I will describe my Invention as applied to a buckle for fastening a tug and
trace of harness. Instead of making the frame and the bar of the buckle on
which the tongue turns in one piece I make the said bar of a separate piece
and connect it to the frame in the following manner :-On one end of the said
bar I form a screw, and at the other end a ring-like handle. Knuckles are

page_text: made on the ends of the frame into holes in which the bar is passed, the
screwed end of the bar taking into a concave screw made in one of the said
knuckles. The said bar is passed through the eye of the tongue of the buckle
before the said bar is screwed in its place. The end of the trace is connected
to the tongue of the buckle in the ordinary way. That end of the tug which
passes round the bar, and which is connected to the buckle, is provided with
two rollers or short tubes situated respectively on either side of the opening in
which the eye of the tongue works. The bar is passed through and works in
these rollers or short tubes, the said rollers or tubes protecting the leather
from wear by the said bar. Each of the said tubular rollers is provided with
a small metal flap, which is inserted between and sewn into the folded or
doubled part of the tug; the said tubular rollers are thereby securely fixed in
the tug. When it is wished to to detach the end of the tug rapidly from the
trace in case of accident it is only necessary to unscrew and withdraw the bar
of the buckle by means of its handle, when the tug with its tubular rollers
is separated from the trace to which the frame and tongue of the buckle are
connected and the horse is detached from the carriage. When great force is
required to unscrew and withdraw the bar of the buckle a small rod may be
introduced into the ring handle so as to form a lever by which to turn and
withdraw the said bar.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF CONVERTING THE FIBROUS RESIDUES OF CERTAIN PLANTS INTO FILAMENTS SUITABLE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE FABRICS, PAPER PULPS, AND OTHER PRODUCTS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marc Antoine François Mennons
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th March 1866.-A communication from Marie Anne Véronique
Cauzique, residing at Clermont Ferrand, in France.
I, MARC ANTOINE FRANÇOIS MENNONS, of the Firm of Mennons and Telescheff,
Home and Foreign Patent Agents, of No. 8, Southampton Buildings, in the
County of Middlesex, and 27, Rue Laffitte, Paris, in the Empire of France,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MODE OF CONVERTING THE FIBROUS RESIDUES OF CERTAIN PLANTS INTO
FILAMENTS SUITABLE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE FABRICS, PAPER PULPS,
AND OTHER PRODUCTS," (a communication), to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to convert the fibrous residues of certain
plants, such as hemp, flax, nettles, broom, or China grass, into filaments
suitable for the manufacture of tissues, waddings, lint, paper pulps, and other
materials of like nature. To this end the roots and other fibrous residues of
the ordinary hackling, combing, carding, or spinning processes are first sub-
mitted to the action of any suitable devilling or opening machinery, from
which they issue in regular filaments. The product thus obtained is then
cleansed by a lye composed of about equal parts of ox gall and refractory clay,
followed in some cases by an acidulated bath, and being finally bleached by
the action of any suitable chloride is washed and dried for use.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH TRIGGERS FOR SMALL ARMS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marius Adrien Caire at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st June 1866. A communication from William Rudolf, residing at
San Francisco, California.
I, MARIUS ADRIEN CAIRE, of Paris, Rue Poissonniere, No. 56, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN OR CONNECTED WITH TRIGGERS FOR SMALL ARMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, 1st, in attaching to the upper extremity of the
trigger blade a lever or vertical arm which bears or rests against the blade.
acting in a vertical position; 2ndly, in forming the trigger plate with an
enlargement underneath to serve as a box for the play of the trigger blade, or
of the two blades if the arm is double-barrelled; and 3rdly, in pivoting the
blade or blades on a pin which traverses the trigger plate.
The Invention will be fully understood by the annexed Drawings, and the
following description thereof.
Figure 1 is an elevation of the triggers and two blades, and of the trigger
plate for a gun with two barrels; Figure 2 is a plan of the same; Figure 3
is a side view of one blade connected with the jointed arm at the back;
Figure 3 shows the opposite side of the same blade; Figure 4 shows the
blade with its jointel arm in front; Figure 5 shows the thickness of the
blade and of its jointed arm.
The plate a is provided with a round tenon b, which fits into a mortise in
the butt. Under the plate a an enlargement a¹ is formed serving as a box

page_text: and pierced with two slits or channels for the play of the blades. This increase
in thickness or enlargement gives more space and support for the play of the
blades in their vertical movement. The trigger d (or the triggers) is made with
the thinned part or blade d' which works in the slit of the box a¹ and moves
on the pin which traverses it and the plate a. The upper end of the thinned
part or blade d' receives the lower extremity f of the vertical arm g, a screw
h connects the arm g to the part d'in such manner as to form a joint; thus
the jointed arm or lever 9 can play downwards vertically until stopped by the
larger edge of the trigger d working without friction. A steel spring with one
or two branches, according to whether there are one or two barrels, is placed
near the tenon and is prolonged to the top of the notched end of the part d';
the spring may, if desired, be dispensed with, and any equivalent appliance
substituted for it. The gudgeon or pin of the trigger rests against the shoulder
of the vertical arm g, and when the piece is cocked this gudgeon bears down
upon the trigger pressing it out ready for the discharge.
This Invention dispenses with the numerous mortises and perforations in
the butt which have hitherto been formed therein to allow of the play of the
trigger blades.
In this Invention the plate a is simply fitted into the butt; a hole is formed
for the tenon and a second hole for the play of the arm g, or another hole for
the play of the arm of the second trigger when there are two barrels.