AN IMPROVED MODE OF TREATING COTTON SEED TO OBTAIN OIL THEREFROM, AND IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN.
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Rose, of Oxton, in the County of Chester,
Ironfounder, and Robert Emerson Gibson, of New Brighton, in the
same County, Merchant, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MODE OF
TREATING COTTON SEED TO OBTAIN OIL THEREFROM, AND IN MACHINERY
EMPLOYED THEREIN.
Sealed the 26th May 1868, and dated the 29th November 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Rose and Robert
Emerson Gibson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 29th November 1867.
We, THOMAS ROSE, of Oxtoh, in the County of Chester, Ironfounder, and
ROBERT EMERSON GIBSON, of New Brighton, in the same County, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "As IXPROVED MODE
OF TREATING COTTON SEED TO OBTAIN OIL. THEREFROM, AND IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED
THEREIN," to be as follows:-
In obtaining oil from cotton seeds it. has been the practice hitherto to subject
them as they leave the cotton gin, or after they have had more or less of the
fibre which adheres to them removed therefrom to pressure, that is to say, the
kernels, husks, and fibre have all been subjected to pressure at the same time,
In consequence of the absorption of a considerable proportion of the oil by the
husks and fibre, but more particularly by the latter, the yield has been but a

page_text: comparatively small per-centage of the whole quantity contained in the
kernels.
Our improved mode of treating these seeds consists in subjecting them to
a grinding, rubbing, stamping, or pulverizing action, so as thereby to reduce
the kernels to meal without at the same time breaking up the husks too
much, and thereafter sifting out the meal; the said meal so obtained will
yield a larger quantity and a better quality of oil on having pressure applied,
or being treated in any ordinary way, than the seeds containing it would have
given up.
The machinery which we have specially devised, and which we prefer to
use in carrying our improved mode of treatment into effect, consists of a pair
of rolls with serrated surfaces supported in a suitable frame and made to
rotate at different speeds. The seeds are fed to the rolls by a shoot or
otherwise, and are drawn through between them, the kernels being broken up
into meal, but the husks, they being harder, only cracked or split into pieces
of larger size than the mealy particles. Underneath the rolls or at some
distance therefrom we place vibrating screens or sifters with meshes or
openings of a size to allow the meal to fall through. In place of these
vibrating screens or sifters we in some cases, that is, when the meal has a
tendancy to stick to the husks or fibre, employ screens or sifters, preferably
cylindrical, and made to rotate, fitted with arms or vanes to beat out the
meal through the meshes or openings, and so separate it from the said husks
and fibres.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Rose and Robert Emerson Gibson in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 29th May 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
ROSE, of Oxton, in the County of Chester, Ironfounder, and ROBERT EMERSON
GIBSON, of New Brighton, in the same County, Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto us, the said Thomas Rose and Robert Emerson Gibson, Her special
license, that we, the said Thomas Rose and Robert Emerson Gibson, our

page_text: "
executors, .administrators, and assigns, or such others, as we, the said
Thomas Rose and Robert Emerson Gibson, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF TREATING COTTON SEED
TO OBTAIN OIL THEREFROM, AND IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said Thomas Rose and Robert
Emerson Gibson, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our, or their, or one of our or their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas Rose and Robert Emerson
Gibson, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, reference, in part, being had to the
accompanying Sheet of illustrative Drawings and to the figures and letters
thereon, that is to say:-
In obtaining oil from cotton seeds it has been the practice hitherto to
subject them as they leave the cotton gin, or after they have had more or less
of the fibre which adheres to them removed therefrom to pressure, that is to
say, the kernels, husks, and fibre have all been subjected to pressure at the
same time. In consequence of the absorption of.a considerable proportion of
the oil by the husks and fibre, but more particularly by the latter, the yield has
been but a comparatively small per-centage of the whole quantity contained
in the kernels.
Our improved mode of treating these seeds consists in subjecting them to a
grinding, rubbing, stamping, or pulverizing action, so as thereby to reduce
the kernels to meal, without at the same time breaking up the husks too
much, and thereafter sifting out the meal; the said meal so abtained will
yield a larger quantity and a better quality of oil on having pressure applied,
or being treated in any ordinary way, than the seeds containing it would have
given up.
ין
The machinery which we have specially devised, and which we prefer to
use in carrying our improved mode of treatment into effect, consists of a pair.

page_text: of rolls with serrated surfaces supported in a suitable frame and made to rotate
at different speeds. The seeds are fed to the rolls by a shoot or otherwise,
and are drawn through between them, the kernels being broken up into
meal, but the husks, they being harder, only cracked or split into pieces of
larger sizes than the mealy particles. Underneath the rolls or at some!
distance therefrom we place vibrating screens or sifters with meshes or
openings of a size to allow the meal to fall therethrough. In place of these
vibrating screens or sifters we in some cases, that is, when the meal has a
tendency to stick to the husks or fibro, employ screens or sifters, preferably
cylindrical and made to rotate, fitted with arms or vanes to beat out the meal 1
through the meshes or openings, and so separate it from the said husks and
fibre.
That our Invention may be clearly understood we will now refer to the
principal mechanical parts represented on the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings, Fig. 1 being a side elevation, Fig. 2 an end elevation, and Fig. 3 1
an end view, drawn full size, of one of the serrated segments which form the
circumference of the serrated rolls, all of mechanism, for breaking up cotton
seed and separating the meal from the husk and fibre. In all these views
like letters indicate the same parts.
a, a, denote floor lines and joists; b, supporting frame of the breaking up a
machine; c, c, plummer blocks adjustable by the set screws d, d; the axles
e, e, are geared together by toothed wheels f,f', of different diameters, by
which means the rolls g, g', are made by preference to rotate at different
speeds, g' runs at the highest speed. As the said rolls are required to be of
great strength we form them with two or more sets of radial arms and circum- s
ferential rings or flanges, three are shewn, see dotted lines in Fig. 2, and
across the latter, that is, lengthwise of the cylinder, we secure segmental
pieces of cost, preferably chilled, iron or steel of the length of the cylinder
and of the form shewn in end view by Fig. 8. The surfaces of these segmental
pieces are serrated all over, and they are fastened to the circumferential rings
or flanges by bolts A which fit into countersunk spaces. The surfaces of h
are serrated, either before or after being fitted into position. To keep the
surfaces of the rolls clean and free to act effectively in breaking up the seeds
we employ cylindrical coir fibre or other brushes i; these brushes are driven by
belts j, and their axles are carried in the pedestals k. A belt from any con-
venient motive power is passed around the pulley 4, and motion thereby given
to the machine. It will be obvious the rolls g, g, could be employed, although
not so advantageously, when running at the same speed. The broken up
secd, that is, the product consisting of meal, husk, and fibre, leave the

page_text: serrated rolls g, g', in a narrow stream, and as it is desirable to distribute
such product over the surface of the vibrating screens, hereafter described,
in a somewhat uniform proportion we employ the rocking and travelling
louvre boards m hinged to the carriage n; these parts are caused to travel
to and fro and k to rock by the connecting rods o which reciprocate by the
action of the crank p fixed on the horizontal shaft q by the weighted lever r
which tends to bring the faces of the louvre boards into a horizontal plane,
and by the cords attached to the frame t, and also to the weighted lever r,
the length of which cords determine the point at which the louvre boards will
be made to open or close. We would here state that we do not make any
distinct claim for the said distributing mechanism. a* are screens supported
by pins and slotted brakets 6* on the carrying frame t; hinges can be used
if preferred. The meshes of the screens are proportioned to the character of
the seeds under treatment. The higher edges of a* are supported by the
tappets c* secured on the shaft d*; e*, pedestals for the shaft d*; c* is
driven by the belt f*, and each tappet as it comes in contact with the
screens a" causes them to partake of a rapid but firm rise and fall, the meal is
thereby made to fall through the meshes into the hopper 9*, and the husks
and fibres are discharged over the lower edge at h*. When the machine is
in operation the cotton seed is fed into the hoppers, it passes thence between
the serrated rolls 9, 9', and by the action thereof is broken up. The gross
product falling from the rolls is distributed by the louvre boards and allowed
to fall therefrom over the vibrating screens, such vibrating screens allow the
meal to fall through but reject the fibre and husks, the meal is thereby
obtained as a product by itself. The cylindrical screens with arms or beaters
which we employ when the meal has a tendency to stick to the fibre and
husks is constructed similar to a smut or grain cleaning machine, that is to say,
a spindle with arms or beaters affixed thereto is placed within a perforated or
wire gauge screen. The broken up product is fed into the perforated cylinder,
and the arms or beaters as they rotate drive out the meal through the perfo-
rated cylinder, but the fibre and husks, they being to large to pass through,
fall out at the lower end.
க்
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and particularized
the same, we would have it understood that what we claim is,―
First. Subjecting cotton seed to a rubbing, grinding, stamping, or pul-
verizing action, and thereafter sifting out or separating the meal, such meal
being the product employed to yield oil, substantially as described.
Second. The employment of rotating rolls with serrated surfaces, operating
substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth.

page_text: Third. In combination with the said rotating serrated rolls the vibrating
screens, operating substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth.
And, fourth. The employment of rotating arms or beaters in a perforated
cylinder, for the purpose set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said Thomas Rose and Robert Emerson
Gibson, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-seventh
day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
In the presence of
JOHN T. KING,
Patent Agent,
Liverpool.
THOMAS ROSE.
(L.B.)
ROBERT EMERSON GIBSON. (LS.)