IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Warwick at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd September 1882.
.
JAMES WARWICK of Manchester in the County of Lancaster. Sewing Machine
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES"
The objects of my improvements are to enable a high or rapid rate of speed to be
attained, whilst sewing and also to run light with durability.
The first part of my invention consists of improved combinations and arrange-
ments of mechanism to attain these objects. I employ a horizontal driving shaft
at the base of the machine upon one end of which is fixed a driving wheel which
inay run fast or loose when required as usual.
On the same shaft I fix an eccentric to actuate the needle or devide the shaft and
connect the same by two discs and a crank pin. Another shaft is fixed about three-
sixteenths of an inch lower than the previous two shafts and I connect this shaft to
the others by a disc and stud on the end of each and a connecting link with a hole
at each end taking on to the studs thereby giving a varying speed to the shuttle
passing it more quickly through the loop formed by the needle.
In connection with the lower shaft I fix a pair of bevel wheels which give a
revolving motion to a horizontal shuttle.
In the top part (or arm of the machine) I fix a horizontal shaft upon the end of
which is fixed a crank and pin. On the said crank pin I fix one end of a con-
necting rod the other end of which is fitted to the crank pin on the shaft at the
base of the machine which when revolving will give an oscillating movement to the
shaft in the arm of the machine, on the other end of which I fix a crank and crank
pin and with a connecting link I connect to a stud fixed on the needle bar and thus
give an up and down movement to the needle. I cause the crank to move beyond
the centre of needle bar or straight line of the link and thus give the required rise
to form a loop for the shuttle to pass through. The said crank returning gives the
requisite dip movement to the needle bar whilst the shuttles passes through the
loop. I fit an adjustable lever near the top of the arm and also near the needle bar
through a hole in the end of which I pass the thread and by raising or lowering
the said end the thread lever is caused to take more or less thread from the bobbin.
The thread then passes through a thread lever which I fit at the back of the arm

page_text: upon a stud the other end of which comes to the front of the arm. The thread is
passed through a hole in the said lever the end of which has an up and down
inotion given to it by a cam shaped boss on the rocking shaft in the arm and is
pressed against the cam by a spring the object of which is to give the right amount
of thread for the shuttle to pass through. It afterwards passes through a hole in
the top of the arm and loops into a wire spring to take up the slack, then through
a wire eyelet hole at or near the top of the needle bar, afterwards down and through
the needle.
The shuttle has a recessed cavity for the spool. The spool revolves upon a
pin down one side of which I cut a slot into which I fix a spring at the bottom.
The top end of the spring projects from the pin returning to the pin downward at
an angle of about forty five degrees. The shuttle spool is made taper a little from
each end of the pin hole so that when the spool is pressed into its place the incline
upon the spring takes into the taper end of the spool thereby Keeping the spool in
its place and putting a tension on, to prevent it over running. When the said
shuttle is applied to my oscillating machine, it is threaded in the usual manner,
afterward taken across the top of the shuttle and through a hole on the shuttle
near the centre of the carrier, to prevent the needle from descending at the wrong
side of the shuttle thread and thus prevent knotted stitches. It will also keep the
thread straight.
Under the base of the machine I fit a feed bar (which is pressed against a tappit
by a spring) working horizontally to secure one end of which is a slot and pin.
The other end is secured by a bracket. There is a projection from the feed bar at
right angles on the driving shaft I fix a double tappit one part of which raises
and lowers the feed bar. The other part gives an up and down movement to a
lever to propel the material being sewn and the other end oscillates on a stud. The
said lever runs at right angles from the other part of the lever and parallel with
the projection from the feed bar. I fix a wedge shaped piece on the feed bar which
rests upon the tappit, by moving the wedge along the bar the bar is raised or
lowered to its required height. The stitch is regulated in a novel manner between.
the feed bar projection and rocking lever. I fix a pin which is raised and lowered
by a screw. As the pin is raised towards the end of the lever the stitch becomes
longer and when the said pin is drawn by the screw down towards the centre of
the rocking lever (where the movement becomes less) the stitch will become shorter
under the shuttle cover slide is fixed a stud in a hole which is acted upon by a
spring which presses the stud against the under side and in a recess: the slide
secures the same when closed: on the top of the arm I fix a flat spring plate between
which and a plate on the top arm I pass the thread by a screw passed through the
spring I regulate and obtain the required tension.
:
Secondly I employ a horizonal revolving shaft upon one end of which I fix
a driving wheel which is made to run fast or loose as usual. I also fix an eccentric
or disc with crank pin for giving movement to the top or arm shaft as before
mentioned On the other or left hand end of the shaft I fix an eccentric or crank
and pin. I fix a spur wheel on the shuttle carrier pin and to give the required
movement I fix a round ratcl:et bar which works backward and forward in a boss
and the teeth of which take into the spur wheel: on the other end of the said
ratchet bar I 6x a stud upon which I fit one end of a connecting rod and the other
end on the crank pin and thus connect with the shaft which when revolving gives
an oscillating movement to a horizontal shuttle working in a circular race.
employ two rocking lever shafts actuated by tappets to give the required movements
to the feed motion as described in the first instance.
I
Thirdly I fit an oscillating shaft at the base of the machine and another oscillating
shaft in the arm as before mentioned. On the base shaft I fix a bevel wheel which
takes into a bevel wheel fixed on the shuttle carrier pin. On the same shaft I fix a
tappet for raising and lowering the feed bar.
Between these two shafts or about the centre of the arm I fix a horizontal

page_text: driving shaft upon which is fixed a driving wheel which is made to run fast or
loose as usual.
On the other end I fix a crank and pin. A portion of the pin is made
eccentric to cause that part of the pin to be before the other part and thus
give the required time for the needle and shuttle. Upon this pin are fixed the ends
of two connecting rods, the other ends of which are fixed to the cranks on the two
rock shafts (the one in the top part of the arm and the other in the bed or base of
the machine). and thus giving an oscillating movement to a horizontal shuttle
working in a circular race and the requisite movement to the needle. At the base
of the machine I also fit a rock shaft for actunting the feed: on one end of the said
shaft I fix a lever, the other end of which raises up the arm and a backward and
forward motion is given to it by a tappet fixed on the driving shaft: on the other
end of said rocking shaft I fix a feed lever as first described.
Fourthly. This part of my invention consists in a combination of vertical and
circular needles to produce with two threads what is well known as the "Grover
and Baker" or chain stitch
"
I construct the machine throughout the same as that last described except that
I dispense with the two rocking shafts that actuate the feed also with the use of a
shuttle and the dip in the needle bar and also I do without the thread lever in the
top of the arm as described in my first I fix a circular needle in the top of a pin
or vertical stud in the usual manner and give a backward and forward circalar
motion to the same by the connection of a pair of bevel wheels actuated by the rock
shaft at the tase of the machine described in my last
In addition to the bobbin of thread on the top arm to supply the needle I place
a bobbin of thread (which is passed through a light spring) under the base of the
machine to supply the circular needle in the usual way
Thus by the circular needle working in conjunction with the vertical needle in
the well known manner I produce what is known as the "Grover and Biker or
chain stitch" with two threads.
The shuttle referred to in the second part of my invention may oscillate vertically
in the following manner on the feeder end of the driving shaft. I fit a disc and stud.
The stud takes into a slot or groove in a shuttle carrier the lower end of which
oscillates on a stud and thus actuates a shuttle vertically backward and forward
against a smooth face through which the vertical needle passes. A varying speed
is imparted to the shuttle by the stud in the disc that takes into the carrier. When
this disc stud is near the stud on which the carrier oscillates, the shuttle moves
more rapidly through the thread loop of the verti al needle. When furthest from
the said stud the shuttle moves more slowly.