matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF FORMING SUB- TERRANEOUS AND OTHER CONDUITS OR PIPES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd October 1874.-A communication from abroad by Jean Benoit
Granjon, of Chatonnay, (Isère,) France, Locksmith.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in
the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for ""A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF FORMING SUB-
TERRANEOUS AND OTHER CONDUITS OR PIPES," a communication to me from
abroad by Jean Benoit Granjon, of Chatonnay, (Isère,) France, Lock-
smith, to be as follows:-
.
•
The principle of this system or method consists in obtaining the inner
space of the conduit, whatever may be its dimensions and whatever the
materials employed in making it, by means of a hollow mandrel, which
may be intended to remain in the conduit, or to be extracted therefrom
after the material forming the conduit has set.
As example of this system take the making of a water conduit passing
through any kind of soil. In this case in order to obtain a good con-
struction cement will be used, without however excluding other suitable

page_text: materials known or which may be discovered. The hollow mandrel, the
inner diameter of which should be that which it is desired to obtain for
the water conduit, will be composed of a simple pipe of rolled sheet iron,
or any other suitable metal or material, overlapping and riveted or not
riveted to avoid expense (see Figure 1 of the annexed Sheet of Drawing).
A trench is cut, see Fig. 2), a layer of cement, beton, hydraulic lime,
bitumen, or other analogous material is laid in the centre, the mandrel is
placed thereupon (see Figs. 3), and it is surrounded with the material
intended to form the pipe, see Fig. 4. When this operation is com-
pleted along its entire length (sce Fig. 5), the end of another mandrel
pipe is made to penetrate a little way into the pipe which has just been
laid (see Fig. 6), and so on. The sheet iron may perhaps oxydise little
by little and the particles of oxyde of iron be carried away, but without
any inconvenience as regards salubrity. This system permits rapid and
cheap construction of any kind of conduit or channel.
It is proposed to apply this system to every shape and dimensions of
conduit, basing the principle of the Invention upon the use of the
hollow mandrel, which may remain in the masonry or be withdrawn
therefrom as the work advances as may be desired, the non-riveting
sheet iron pipe decreases in diameter by the compression brought upon
its surfaces and thus may be easily withdrawn.
Moulded pipes may be made by means of this system of mandrel,
whether for water conduits or other use.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN WATERPROOF OVERCOATS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Frankenstein at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th February 1874.
I, PHILIP FRANKENSTEIN, of Albert Buildings, Miller Street, Man-
chester, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer of Waterproof
Garments, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN WATERPROOF OVERCOATS," to be as follows:-
-
My Invention relates more particularly to the overcoats which are
rendered waterproof by means of caoutchouc. Such coats being
imperious to moisture do not permit the exhalations from the body
of the wearer to escape with sufficient freedom, and the object of my
Invention is to facilitate the escape of such exhalations, and to some
extent to ventilate the interior of the coat. To this end I provide the
said coat with a cape which covers the shoulders of the wearer, and in
parts of the coat which are concealed and shielded by the said cape I
form perforations or apertures, as for example, I form perforations or

page_text: apertures extending across the upper part of the back of the coat, and
beneath the arms. I prefer to connect the lower part of the cape to the
coat at suitable points, so as to prevent the cape from being raised or
"blown up" to such an extent as to expose the said apertures. .The said
cape also acts as an additional protection to the wearer.
A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOUND TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PASTRY AND BREAD, ALSO FOR CULINARY PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Mc Bride Reid at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd September 1874.
I, ANDREW MC BRIDE REID, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOUND TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PASTRY
AND BREAD, ALSO FOR CULINARY PURPOSES," to be as follows, that is to
say:―
This Invention which relates to a new or improved compound to be
used as a substitute for butter or lard in the manufacture of pastry and
bread, also for culinary purposes is composed of from one per cent. and
upwards of animal or vegetable oils, and one per cent. and upwards of
animal fat.
The animal oils which are applicable for the purposes of this
Invention are those which have little or no taste, such for example as
neatsfoot oil, marrow oil, and lard oil, the vegetable oils being olive oil,
nut oil, French salad oil, and refined cotton seed oil.

page_text: The animal fats suitable for this Invention are marrow fat, beef and
mutton fats, also hogs' fat. To two or more of these substances a pro-
portion of lard, or of butter, or of both, from one per cent. upwards is or
may be added. These several substances are mixed together by any
convenient means, and are subsequently submitted to agitation either by
hand or by machinery, which has the effect of whitening the same.
In place of using mechanical or manual agitation for whitening the
aforesaid compound, an alkali such as potash or its equivalent may be
employed.
Salt or sugar or both may be mixed with the aforesaid compound for 1
either flavouring or preserving it.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRINGS FOR CARRIAGES AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mercer Hampson Simpson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 2nd December 1874.-A communication from abroad by
Frederick Hampson Simpson, of South Windham, Connecticut, in
the United States of America.
I, MERCER HAMPSON SIMPSON, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Theatrical Proprietor, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRINGS FOR
CARRIAGES AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," (a communication from abroad,) to be
as follows:-
The said Invention consists of the improvement or improvements,
herein-after described, in springs, which said improvement or improve-
ments is or are especially applicable to carriage springs, but may also be
applied to springs for various purposes.
A spring made according to the said Invention consists of the
following arrangement or combination of parts:-A semi-elliptical
spring, the ends of which are bent under and inwards, is supported with
its convex side upwards in a bed or frame having a recess of suitable

page_text: form and size to receive it and the parts herein-after described connected
therewith. The said semi-elliptical spring is supported on its ends, the
recesses in which the ends of the spring are supported allowing for the
elongation of the spring when flattened by pressure. To the curved
ends of the spring two rods are hooked or connected respectively. These
rods are each of about one half the length of the spring and are situated
under the spring, the inner ends of the rods being hooked together under
the middle of the spring. The said hooked rods form with the semi-
elliptical spring a nearly complete elliptical figure. A short rod fixed
on the under side of the middle of the semi-elliptical spring bears upon
the junction of the two rods underneath and pressure on the spring is
transmitted by the said short rod to the junction of the jointed rods.
One of the said jointed rods is capable of lengthening and shortening,
the said rod being made in two parts connected together by a coiled or
other spring which draws the two parts together and tends to shorten
the rod. The tension of the coiled or other spring connecting the two
parts of the rod may be increased or diminished at pleasure.
When pressure is put upon the semi-elliptical spring, the said pressure
is transmitted by the short rod to the hooked rods underneath and the
divided rod is thereby lengthened. The tension which is thus put on
the coiled spring brings it into play and the resistance of tho said coiled
spring is combined with the resistance of the semi-elliptical spring.
By adjusting the tension of the coiled spring the strength of the
semi-elliptical spring can be increased or diminished to the required
degree.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GRINDING OR SURFACING METAL
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Taylor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th January
1874.
I, THOMAS TAYLOR, of Little Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR GRINDING OR SURFACING METAL," to be as follows:―
.
This Invention is designed principally to be used in place of the
planing machine for producing true plane surfaces on metal, and consists
chiefly of a headstock carrying a driving shaft (on one end of which is
mounted a grindstone), and capable of adjustment on a short bed or
slide somewhat similar to a lathe.
On another longer bed or slide placed at right angles to the former is
mounted a carriage provided with suitable brackets to support the work,
which carriage is caused to move to and fro on the bed or slide, holding
the work in contact with the face (not edge) of the revolving grindstone,
and thus the work is ground to a true surface.
The grindstone is fixed by means of dogs and holding screws to a face
plate keyed on one end of the driving shaft. The latter has a hole bored

page_text: through its centre and through the centre of the grindstone, and a
constant stream of water is kept flowing through the same whilst the
machine is at work, so as to keep the face of the stone and the metal
surface wet and clean during the operation:
The carriage which supports the work is moved to and fro by means
of a rack and pinion and other suitable mechanism, and the grindstone
is set up to its work by means of a screw working in a nut attached to
the headstock.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN CIGARS AND CIGARETTES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Carnduff and George
M Harg at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents with
their Petition, on the 19th March 1874.
We, WILLIAM CARNDUFF, and GEORGE MC HARG, both of Glasgow,
in the County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN CIGARS AND CIGARETTES," to
be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention which relates to an improvement in cigars and
cigarettes has for its object to dispense with the use of matches,
vesuvians, or other similar igniters for lighting. the same, and it
consists in attaching to the ends of cigars or cigarettes the combustible
or ignitible compound so that the same is ignited, and the cigar or
cigarette lit on striking it on a roughened surface.
The ignitible compound used may be the same as that at present used
for the manufacture of vesuvians, matches, or other friction lights, and
it is attached to the cigars or cigarettes by dipping the point or tip of
the cigar or cigarette in the compound when in the wet or plastic state
after which it is allowed to dry, or it may be attached by a wire or pin.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ACTION AND TOUCH OF UPRIGHT PIANOPORTES AND TOUCH OF HORIZONTAL PIANOFORTES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Henry Whiteman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 14th July 1874.
I, FREDERICK HENRY WHITEMAN, of 46, Devonshire Street, Queen
Square, Bloomsbury, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ACTION AND
TOUCH OF UPRIGHT PIANOPORTES AND TOUCH OF HORIZONTAL PIANOFORTES," to bc
as follows:
-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the action and
touch of upright pianofortes and touch of horizontal pianofortes; for
these purposes in upright pianofortes in place of the pieces or washers of
felt, baize, cloth, or similar material which is used for the hoppers, and
through which the pin or screw of the hopper passes is substituted
similar pieces or washers of vulcanized or mineralized india-rubber,
either having smooth surfaces or (in preference) having one or both
surfaces corrugated or dentated or formed into ridges, points, or
prominences, or any other form that may be expedient.
For the purpose of improving the touch of upright and horizontal
pianofortes in place of the felt, baize, cloth, or similar material which is

page_text: used under the keys on the front rail, balance rail, and back rail of the
key frame is substituted similar pieces or washers of vulcanized or
mineralized india-rubber. Bencath and in cach key in front of the
round hole is inserted a small piece of vulcanized or mineralized india-
rubber, it being placed in such a manner that a small portion of it will
come within the circle of the round hole and press against the balance
pin, the under surface of such piece to be flush with or slightly beneath
the under surface of each key. Upon the damper rail and hammer rest
vulcanized or mineralized india-rubber is substituted for the felt, baize,
cloth, or other material hitherto used.
The vulcanized or mineralized india-rubber wherever used, to be used
with either plain or (in preference) one or both of its surfaces corrugated
or dentated or formed into ridges, points, or prominences.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING AND REGISTERING MONEY TAKEN IN SHOPS, AT BARS, AND IN OTHER PUBLIC PLACES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jehu Christopher Cox at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th September 1874.
I, JEHU CHRISTOPHER Cox, of Queen Victoria Street, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING AND REGISTERING MONEY TAKEN IN
SHOPS, AT BARS, AND IN OTHER PUBLIC PLACES," to be as follows:-
:-
My Invention of apparatus for indicating and registering money
taken in shops, at bars, and in other public places, has for its object the
prevention of fraud on the part of assistants in places of business. The
apparatus will not merely indicate that money has been taken but
register the amount which would have to be accounted for periodically.
It consists of a series of dials and trains of wheels and dial faces, on
which latter are denoted either pounds, shillings, or pence,
The depression of a knob or handle will cause a bell or other sounding
instrument to ring, and the sound may be made variable to suit the
different sorts of coins, or otherwise. Immediately upon the receipt of

page_text: coin the assistant must depress the knob or handle, and this act will
cause the registration of the number to be effected by the registering
apparatus within. The amount of money checked by cach dial will be
placed in front of each separate dial.
any convenient place.
The apparatus may be fixed in
IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING, WRINGING, AND MANGLING MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bradford at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
April 1874.
I, THOMAS BRADFORD, of 142 and 143, High Holborn, in the County
of Middlesex, and of the City of Manchester, Laundry Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WASHING, WRINGING, AND MANGLING MACHINERY OR APPARATUS," to be as
follows:
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery or apparatus for
washing, wringing, and mangling, and these improvements consist, firstly,
in fixing journals to the bottom or sides of a square, oval, rectangular, or
other suitably shaped washing compartment or vessel (mado of wood or
other suitable material), and in causing the said journals to work in the
bearings of a suitable framework in such a manner that the washing
vessel may be made to oscillate to any given angle, and in applying
inside the vessel an improved "dash" (made of wood or other suitable
material) in such a manner as to be capable of sliding like a shuttle
backwards and forwards, according to the motion given to the vessel, so
that when the clothes or fabrics are placed in the vessel, either upon

page_text: one or both sides of the shuttle "dash," they are operated upon with
concussive dashes at any required speed or momentum, and which acting
simultaneously with the liquid or washing loy contained in the vessel
will effectually cleanse fabrics of the finest or coarsest texture or
material.
I actuate the machine either direct by hand, or by steam or other
motive power, and by any ordinary mechanical combination of wheels,
cams, or eccentrics, and connected or not with an engine beam, according
to the size of the machine or the quantity or quality of fabrics or articles
intended to be operated upon.
1
Another improvement consists in assisting the oscillation of the vessel
by imparting to it a reciprocating recoil by means of india-rubber
buffers, or by a steel, lance wood, or other spring or springs applied or
fixed either to the vessel or to the framework, and constructed so as to
expand or contract according to the degree of oscillation required to be 1
given to the vessel or washing compartment.
A further improvement which relates to the means of obtaining
pressure upon the wringing and mangling rollers consists in the
employment of an improved link and screw bearing upon flat steel or
wood spring bars, and by which the requisite pressure is imparted to the g
rollers; this arrangement is especially applicable to wringing machines
with india-rubber rollers, and more especially so to my acorn india-
rubber wringer," for which Letters Patent were granted to me on the
12th day of November 1862, No. 3047.
''
"
When the apparatus is used for or applied to the washing of cotton
waste or sponge cloths used for engine cleaning by railway companies
and others, I introduce a false bottom of perforated metal in or to the
washing compartment.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN TRICYCLE VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Walsh at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
December 1874.
I, JOHN HENRY WALSH, of Putney, in the County of Surrey, Gentle-
man, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TRICYCLE VELOCIPEDES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in tricycle velocipedes,
and has for its objects to allow of the full development of the power of
the legs and of the arms, and the transmittal thereof to the cranks of the
driving wheel with the least possible amount of frictional loss,' and with-
out any "dead points."
In carrying my improvements into practice I construct the tricycle so
as to work or drive the driving wheel (situated behind the leading or
guiding wheels) by means of cranks of a peculiar construction situated
between and in front of the latter wheels. These cranks are connected
by connecting rods with other similar cranks on the driving wheel, all
the cranks being right angled.

page_text: In order most effectually to work the leading cranks with the feet. I
attach to each of their pins or centres to which the connecting rods are
connected an arm or lever; these are set at such angles as to convert the
right angled cranks into those having opposite points, and thus I am
enabled to work the cranks and actuate the driving wheel the most b
advantageously with the feet. I also attach to the connecting rods
upright levers or handles, by which the hand or hands can assist the
action of the feet in the most advantageous manner in going up hill or
over a bad road.
In order to distribute the weight more evenly between the wheels, and
to throw as much as possible on the driving wheel, so that it may obtain
a more effective purchase on the ground, I crank the axle of the leading
wheels horizontally in such a manner as to throw their centres forwards;
this also prevents the said axle interfering with the feet in driving the
cranks, which it otherwise would do.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Menzies at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
February 1874.
I, JOHN MENZIES, the elder, of Ordie Mills, Redgorton, in the County
of Perth, North Britain, Shuttle Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in shuttles, has for its
object the obtainment of a constantly equal drag upon the weft whilst it
is being drawn off from the pirn or cop contained in the shuttle during
the weaving operation.
The improvement consists in constructing the shuttle with a moveable
bridge, which may be raised or lowered from time to time, according to
the degree of drag required.
The moveable bridge consists under one arrangement of an eccentric
provided with a set screw for adjusting it in any required position, and
accordingly as the eccentric is moved upon its axis so the height of the
bridge under which the weft passes is raised or lowered.

page_text: Under another arrangement in place of an eccentric a block capable of
being moved vertically upwards and downwards in the shuttle, and
adjusted therein by a set screw at the required height, is used.
Under another arrangement in place of an eccentric a block capable of
being moved vertically upwards and downwards in the shuttle, and
adjusted therein by a set screw at the required height, is used.
•
The weft after passing under either the eccentric or block nassos over
A NEW SYSTEM OF CHILDREN'S CARRIAGE WITH TURNING BODY
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Louis Vanden Dale and
Ange Vandenweghe at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 30th November 1874.
We, FRANÇOIS LOUIS VANDEN DALE and ANGE VANDENWEGHE, both
of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A NEW SYSTEM OF CHILDREN'S CARRIAGE WITH
TURNING BODY," to be as follows :-
Our improved vehicle has the shape of an ordinary child's perambu-
lator, differing therefrom only in that the body may be turned to face
toward the front or back or either side at the pleasure of the person
drawing or propelling it, thus preventing the child or children being
unduly exposed to sun, wind, or rain.
As shown in the elevation and plan view on the accompanying Sheet
of Drawing, the body E of our improved perambulator is mounted on
three wheels either of equal size or the front one smaller than the others,
then upon three bow springs B, and finally upon two rings one fixed C
and the other moveable C¹, placed the one upon the other and acting as
a turn plate or fore carriage.

page_text: To the fixed ring C is fitted a rod forming spring D at the end of
which is a pin passing through the said fixed ring. A screw passes
through this spring to keep the pin from coming out. This pin being
longer than the depth of the fixed ring enters holes made in the
moveable ring C₁ thus fixing and stopping the body.
The T shaped
axle A has a fork for the passage of the stop pin, the result is that when
it is desired to turn the body of the vehicle, it is only necessary to press
the right hand upon the spring plate, and to turn the body with
the left hand to one of the holes in the moveable ring C', when the pin
entering therein stops the revolution of the body which remains perfectly:
secured in that position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRESSING OR MOULDING BRICKS AND OTHER AGGLOMERATED ARTICLES OF LIKE KIND
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Durand and Achille
Drouot at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 27th June 1874.
We, FRANÇOIS DURAND and ACHILLE DROUOT, of Boulevard de
Strasbourg, 123, at Paris, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRESSING OR MOULDING
BRICKS AND OTHER AGGLOMERATED ARTICLES OF LIKE KIND,” to be as
follows:
-
"
This Invention relates to the construction and operation of machinery
or apparatus for pressing or moulding bricks or other agglomerated
articles of like character.
The machine consists of a strong framing across which is mounted a
horizontal shaft driven by any convenient power, and working by gearing.
another shaft on which are fixed several cams, the latter shaft being
made to revolve slowly. One of the cams works in the slot of a piston
against rollers mounted in the slot, and is so formed as to give the piston
which is guided to move horizontally a reciprocating motion in a mould

page_text: placed at the end of the framing and surmounted by a feeding hopper.
A pair of the cams on the shaft work a horizontally sliding plate in a
slot between the hopper and the mould, which plato serves as a cover to
the mould during compression, and another pair of the cams on tho
shaft work a vertically sliding plate, which serves to cover the end or t
outer mouth of the mould. These cams are formed and arranged on the
shaft so that in each revolution a brick or other agglomerated article is
compressed, moulded, and discharged from the mould in the following
manner: The piston and top cover of the mould being retracted the
mould is charged from the hopper with the material to be agglomerated, 1
and the mouth of the mould being closed by the end cover the piston
advances squeezing up the material in the mould, the sliding plate at
the same time advancing so as to close the mould at the top and to cut
off superfluous material. When this cover is home the piston still
advances a little so as to compress the closed in material, and when the ]
compression is effected the end cover slides away so as to open the end
of the mould. The piston then advancing farther extrudes the moulded
brick or other article which is received on a table or travelling surface
and removed.
To prevent the brick or moulded article from adhering to the face of
the piston, it is first received when it is extruded on a plate to which a
vibratory motion is given. The piston and top cover of the mould then
retreat and the end cover slides into position, the mould is again charged
and the action is repeated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS OR APPARATUS FOR GRINDING OR REDUCING GRAIN, SEEDS, OR OTHER GRANULAR SUBSTANCES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Greig and Charles Spinks
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with tlieir Petition,
on the 21st July 1874.
WC, JOHN GREIG and CHARLES SPINKS, both of Leith, in the County
of Mid Lothian, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS OR APPARATUS FOR GRINDING OR
REDUCING GRAIN, SEEDS, OR OTHER GRANULAR SUBSTANCES," to be as follows,
that is to say :—
This Invention has for its object the constructing of mills or grinding
apparatus in an improved manner, and so as to work more effectively,
economically, and satisfactorily than existing mills.
In one modification the improved apparatus comprises a cylindrical
or slightly tapered case of cast iron or other suitable material fixed in
an inclined position, and having within it a cylindrical or slightly
tapered drum. A number of strips of steel are fixed in grooves in the
internal surface of the case, and in the external surface of the drum, and
the surfaces of these steel strips are rouglicned or dressed like the
grinding surfaces of millstones, or in any other suitable way. The

page_text: drum is fixed on a shaft, by means of which it is made to revolve by
steam or other motive power, and the grain or substances to be ground
being admitted by a feed hopper into the upper end of the casing
become ground between the roughened surfaces, and are finally delivered
at the lower end of the casing. The drum does not present a complete
cylindrical surface, but has portions cut away at two or more parts,
which causes it to act as a fan, and drive air between the grinding
surfaces so as to keep them cool.
When the drum and casing are made with a slight taper the distance
between the grinding surfaces can be adjusted by means of a screw
acting on the end of the shaft. The feed hopper is fitted with a fluted
roller, which being turned continuously at a suitable rate causes the
grain or substances to be fed in regular and continuous manner.
The machine may be placed vertically, horizontally, or at any inter-
mediate inclination, and the casing might be made to revolve over a
stationary drum; or the casing and drum may be made to revolve in
opposite directions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CRINOLINES AND BUSTLES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher Williamson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th August 1874.
I, CHRISTOPHER WILLIAMSON, of Leighton Buzzard, in the County
of Bedford, Draper, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CRINOLINES AND BUSTLES," to be as
follows:
:-
The object of this Invention is to provide a flexible material for
crinoline hoops and bustles that shall be tougher and less liable to break
than steel. To this end I form a flat tube of straw plait and insert
therein a strip of steel (or I plait the straw upon the steel), and thus
produce a material which when converted into hoops and stitched to
pendent tapes, will form a light flexible crinoline which will be less liable
to become damaged than those made in the ordinary manner. Or in place
of forming a tube I take a broad plait of straw or it may be two narrow
ones laid side by side, and I place thereon a narrow strip of steel, and
this steel I overlay with a somewhat broader strip of plait. I then
connect the upper and lower plaits together by stitching and thereby
enclosed the steel.

page_text: By combining straw plait with steel as described the liveliness of the
steel is modified, and at the same time its liability to snap is considerably
reduced, and as straw plait possesses in itself considerable elasticity,
it will offer no obstruction to the steel regaining its hoop shape after
compression so soon as the pressure is removed. In some cases I
propose
to use the tubular straw plait for forming the crinoline hoops without
the insertion of steel therein.
The improved manufacture of flexible material above described I also
propose to employ in constructing bustles according to my Patent
bearing date October 3rd One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three,
No. 3211, as it possesses the requisite elasticity and lightness, and admits
of being corrugated to adapt itself to the folds of the dress.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Foden at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th October
1874.
I, EDWIN FODEN, of Sandbach, in the County of Cheshire, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN AND APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to increase the heating surface in those
forms of steam boilers known as the Cornish and the Lancashire, and in
other internally fired boilers with single or double horizontal flues
surrounded by water, and consists in fitting longitudinal water tubes in
the flues of such boilers, having their ends bent upwards to connect them
through the crown of the flue with the water space of the boiler, or one
of such ends being connected to the crown, and the other to the side of
the flue, so that the water is free to circulate through such longitudinal
water tubes. These longitudinal water tubes being disposed in the
direction of the length of the boiler, and mainly in the upper part of the
fluc, offer a large additional heating surface to the action of the flame
and products of combustion passing through the internal horizontal flues
of boilers to which they are applied.
AN IMPROVED PRESERVATIVE APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO METALLIC PENS AND PEN CASES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edouard Rozié at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
September 1874.
I, EDOUARD ROZIÉ, of Rue Gambey, No. 6, at Paris, Mechanician,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
PRESERVATIVE APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO METALLIC PENS AND PEN CASES," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists of a device or apparatus which forms a sort of
guard to pens and pen-holders to prevent the ink on the pen coming in
contact with the table, desk, or other surface when the penholder is laid
down, and which also serves to keep the fingers at a sufficient distance
from the point of the pen.
The apparatus is composed of a plate cut or stamped out into any
desired ornamental form, but being square, polygonal, or otherwise
suitably shaped on the edges, so as to rest conveniently on the table or
desk. From an opening or aperture in this plate a short pipe or socket
projects, which is approximately of semi-annular form to correspond
with the approximately semicircular form which an ordinary pen has in

page_text: section. The pen carried by its holder is fitted into and pushed through
this semi-annular pipe or socket (the convex side of which is uppermost),
until the said pipe comes, say, nearly into contact with the front end of
the pen-holder; in this position the plate will keep the fingers at a
sufficient distance from the point of the pen, and when the holder is
laid down the front end and the pen are kept from contact with thọ
table or other surface, because the said plate forms a rest thereto.
Instead of the pipe or socket being of semi-annular form, as before
described, to correspond with the shape of the pen, it may be cylindrical
so as to fit, not upon the pen but upon the pen-holder, or the plate itself
may have a circular aperture to fit upon the holder, and it may be slit
or split at one part so as to possess sufficient elasticity to fit holders of
varying size.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS' RAILS OR BULWARKS, WHICH ALSO SERVE AS LIFE-PRESERVING RAFTS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Mead at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
December 1874. A communication from abroad by Robert William
Newbery, of New York, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM MEAD, of Queen's Gate Gardens, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS' RAILS OR BULWARKS,
WHICH ALSO SERVE AS LIFE-PRESERVING RAFTS," a communication, to be as
follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in the construction of rails for
vessels in sections, and of such material that these sections when
detached will serve for life preserving rafts; it also consists in the
means for attaching and detaching these sections, as herein-after more
fulley set forth.
The said sections are made of any desired or suitable size. Each
section consists of an upper and a lower wooden rail, and two tubes or
cylinders of galvanized iron or other suitable material. The said tubes
are fastened to the wooden rails, and to each other in any convenient

page_text: manner. The space between the tubes is to be filled with the usual
rope netting, as now generally used for steamers' rails, or with narrow
wooden slabs to form a deck for the raft when the same is afloat. On
the under side of the top rail is a sliding rod, moved back and forth by
means of a single lever, and provided with a series of bolts. There is
also an equal number of staples, into which the ends of the studs or
supporting stanchions will slide, and there be held by the said bolts.
On the under side of the bottom rail are formed sockets fitting over pins
or lugs on the deck. By these or similar attaching devices one person
operating the lever can throw all the bolts out of the studs or stanchions
by one motion, and then by pushing the rail, or by the rolling of the
vessel the section or sections thus released will be detached from the
vessel and fall into the water, and float therein ready for saving the lives
of those who might jump or fall overboard, or bo drawn upon the raft or
rafts.
The said sections should be so constructed that with either side upper-
most the raft will be equally available for life-saving purposes, and the
sections may be fitted with bread and water tanks, oars, and a life line to
pass around them on folding stanchions.
The tubes and wooden rails of each section should be of about the
same size, that is to say, the width of the rail and the diameter of the
tube should be equal, so that when afloat and in uso, in case of a collision
with rocks or wreck in the water, the cylinders will be comparatively
secure from any danger of being crushed or punctured.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PETROLEUM OILS AND SPIRITS, AND LIKE HYDROCARBONS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS THEREFROM
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Saunders Muir at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th April 1874.
I, JOHN SAUNDERS MUIR, of 31, Park Square, Leeds, in the County
of York, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PETROLEUM OILS AND SPIRITS, AND
LIKE HYDROCARBONS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS THEREFROM," to be as
follows: :-
The manner in which I accomplish this I now proceed to describe. I
take any hydrocarbon oil and treat or agitate the same with bichloride
of tin, known as Libavius's fuming liquor. And I add to the hydrocarbon
oil from 3 to 6 per cent. of this bichloride of tin, and agitate with the
petroleum for an hour in any suitable vessel, such as a cask or iron tank,
after which it is conveyed to a still or steam cylinder and distilled over
by the aid of ordinary steam alone, whereby I obtain a pure hydrocarbon
volatile oil which I call cupion.
A NEW AND IMPROVED METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE REVOLUTIONS OR MOTIONS OF MACHINERY, AND FOR REGULATING AND GOVERNING THE SAME
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Seyd at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th January
1874.
I, ERNEST SEYD, of Princes Street, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW AND IMPROVED METHOD
AND APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE REVOLUTIONS OR MOTIONS OF MACHINERY, AND
FOR REGULATING AND GOVERNING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
The principle on which this apparatus is constructed is based upon the
ejection of fluid through an aperture as a time measure, such fluid being
supplied by an injector, the difference between injection and ejection
giving the force applicable for the indication or regulation, or both
combined, of the motions or revolutions of the machine.
The method by which I propose to apply this principle is that of using
lift force or centrifugal pumps, by means of which air, water, oils, or
quicksilver, or other suitable fluids are injected into a reservoir pro-
vided with an exit aperture. This reservoir may be open or closed or
contain space for air, and may be fitted with a piston acted upon by a
weight, spiral, or other spring. The injecting pump is actuated by the

page_text: engine or machinery, and can be made to perform any suitable number
of strokes or revolutions. The ejecting aperture is regulated by a tap
or other suitable means, and the pressure by air or a spring on the
above-mentioned piston may be regulated by screws or otherwise.
The following is an example for indicating the current revolutions by
means of this apparatus:-The force pump injects a continuous definite
quantity of water at each stroke into a tube containing a piston sus-
pended from a spiral spring, the rise and fall of which produced from
the pressure of the water acting on a dial by means of the piston rod
showing the proportionate divergences in speed; the aperture for the
ejection of the water may be suitably regulated by a tap.
The following is an example of regulating the motive power of
machinery by means of this apparatus:-The injection and ejection of
water is so regulated that with a given number of revolutions a closed
reservoir is entirely filled. The said reservoir is provided with a tube
and piston so that any additional stroke or strokes of the pump beyond
the given number of revolutions per minute will act on the said piston
and piston rod connected with the steam valve.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EARTH BORING
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christian Wübbel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
October 1874. A communication from abroad by Mr. E. Ben-
ninghaus, of Sterkrade, Germany.
I, CHRISTIAN WÜBBEL, of 19, Salisbury Street, Strand, London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR EARTH BORING," a communication from abroad by Mr.
E. Benninghaus, of Sterkrade, Germany, to be as follows:-
This improved apparatus consists in attaching to the lower end of a
tube, in the manner hereafter described, a steel chisel or, cutting tool
within a tubular shaft or hollow boring rod, the chisel stock being
hollow at its upper end, and screwed externally to take into the internal
screwed portion of the inferior end of the hollow boring rod; above
the hollow axis of the chisel or chisel holder, and within the hollow
rod, may be fitted a clack valve for the relief and discharge of muddy

page_text: outer tube or lining of the bore hole only being extended down as the
work proceeds; but the outer tube or hollow boring bar as well as the inner
may be composed of several lengths combined together, though it is
preferred, where practicable, to have each portion which is of the samo
diameter internally and externally in one piece or length only.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING AND COMBING WOOL AND OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Holden at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
September 1874.
I, EDWARD HOLDEN, of the Firm of Isaac Holden & Sons, of
Bradford, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING AND COMBING WOOL AND
OTHER FIBRES," to be as follows:-
-
In preparing and combing wool and other fibres in what are now
generally known as the "nip" machines, it is usual for the nipping
surfaces to travel at the same speed as the feeding gill combs, so that
the nipping surfaces make but one movement from the feeding gill comb
to the receiving combs or surfaces, and back for a fresh nip during the
traverse of each gill comb to occupy the position of that which preceded
it, the result is that at every take the nipping surfaces draw alike all the
long and short of the fibre brought forward by each gill comb, and the
object of my Invention is more uniformly to distribute the various
lengths of fibre fed by the gill combs.

page_text: In carrying out my improvements I increase the speed of the nippers
in their traverse to and fro between the feed and receiving surfaces, so
that they may effect several takes in place of only one during the
traverse of the gill comb next to come to the front, whilst that gill comb
is traversing to the position occupied by the preceding comb. The
effect of this is that I draw off and deliver by the nipping surfaces, first,
the longer staple, then the next, to the shortest of them, and the result
will be case in working and better distribution of the shorter amongst
the longer fibre.
Also when working according to the second head of the Invention
described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me, bearing
date the 16th day of February 1874, No. 578, I find it an advantage to
repeat the processes there described of taking the fibre from the gill or
other feed combs by means of nipping surfaces, and then delivering such
fibre to other gill or other combs to be taken by other nippers and
delivered to other gill or other combs, and so on successively.
A NEW AND IMPROVED APPLIANCE TO BE ADAPTED TO RAILWAY CARRIAGE AND OTHER DOORS TO PREVENT NOISE FROM SLAMMING
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Morcombe Bromley Baker
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 8th May 1874.
I, JOHN MORCOMBE BROMLEY BAKER, of Southsea, in the County of
Hants, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
AND IMPROVED APPLIANCE TO BE ADAPTED TO RAILWAY CARRIAGE AND OTHER DOORS
TO PREVENT NOISE FROM SLAMMING," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing an appliance to be adapted to
railway carriage and other doors, by means of which the noise from
slamming will be deadened or prevented.
The following is an example of my said Invention:-I form a small
cylinder or buffer of india-rubber or other suitable soft material provided
with a longitudinal hole,. which will allow the insertion of a screw. This
hole to a certain depth is of sufficient size to admit the head of the said
screw to be imbedded therein. At one end of this buffer I fix a circular
plate also provided with a hole for the passage of the screw, this plate is
hollowed out a little, so as to allow part of a spiral spring to be placed
therein. I insert this spring buffer horizontally in a hole made in the

page_text: •
"jamb" of the door, and I fix it therein by means of a screw or
otherwise, taking care not to depress the spiral spring. The hole in the
"jamb" must be of such depth that part of the india-rubber buffer shall
project beyond the surface thereof, I next fix on the "style" of the door
a flat plate in such a way that it will abut against the buffer when the 5
door is closed. One or more of the aforesaid buffers and plates may be
placed on the "jamb" and "style" of the door, but one at the top and
another at the bottom will be found to answer well.
The action of the above described appliance is as follows :- -When the
door is closed violently or otherwise the plate on the "style" will come 1
in contact with the buffers, which will put a check to the impulse given
to the door, the buffer will then depress the spiral spring to allow the
closing of the door, and the effect will be to deaden or prevent the noise
occasioned by the slamming of railway carriage and other doors.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRAWING LIQUIDS PROM CASKS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edwards at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
September 1874.
I, JOHN EDWARDS, of Cassland Crescent, South Hackney, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRAWING LIQUIDS PROM CASKS," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in the application of a key boss to what
are known as wood taps; this key boss is made of either wood or metal.
The keyhole in the boss is made of any desired shape, and so arranged
that the key cannot be withdrawn without the tap being properly turned
off in the usual known manner, thus making wood taps as efficient as
metal taps; also in forming taps by making the barrel of wood or metal,
and fitting a metal cap with a hole in the centre on to the front of such
barrel. Inside this metal cap I place a disc of metal, which is forced
up against the cap by means of a spring.
inwards the liquid flows out, and when
the disc back again and closes the tap.
When this disc is forced
liberated the spring forces