A New or Improved Condenser for Steam Heated and similar Pans or Vessels, chiefly applicable to those used in Treating Aromatic Substances.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Mar., 1897-Accepted, 15th May, 1897
A New or Improved Condenser for Steam Heated and similar Pans
or Vessels, chiefly applicable to those used in Treating Aromatic
Substances.
I, JAMES FORBES HENDERSON of 65 Lancaster Avenue, Fennel Street,
Manchester, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
My invention relates to steam heated and similar pans or vessels as used for
extracting the aromatic properties of hops and like substances, and my invention
has for its object to provide a simple, cheap and effective form of condenser.
whereby the steam or vapor which arises from the mixture, and which is highly
charged with the best and most delicate part of the aroma, and which has
heretofore been allowed to escape into the atmosphere and be wasted, shall
be condensed and caused to fall back into the pan or vessel and be fully
utilised.
And in order that my said invention may be more readily understood and
carried into practical effect, I have hereunto annexed a sheet of drawings, and will
now proceed to describe the same with assistance of the figures and letters of
reference marked thereon.
Fig. 1 is a transverse vertical section of a boiling pan with my improvements
applied thereto. Fig. 2 is a plan.
In accordance with my invention I form the pan (A) (usually of copper) with
a bollow sheet metal (copper) cover or lid (B), which is, by preference, of dome
shape, and at its outer edge formed with a neck (C) dipping into the pan and
forming a shoulder for locating the cover concentrically and tightly on the pan.
Such neck may be provided with a felt or other suitable packing ring to make a
perfect joint between pan and cover.
At the outer edge of this cover I introduce an inlet pipe (D) leading from a
cold water supply and serving to convey the water into the cover. This pipe is
arranged tangentially with the periphery of the cover as shewn in Fig. 2, or
is arranged to deliver the water into the cover at a tangent to its inner
circumference, and, by preference, with its nozzle or extremity slightly turned
down and directed on to the neck (C). At, or near, the centre of this cover, and
in the apex or top part I connect an outlet or discharge pipe (E).
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-(
-Cold water being admitted under
pressure through pipe (D) it fills the cover, and runs away through pipe (E).
The pressure of water, however and the peculiar tangential impact against the side
of the cover, causes the water to gyrate or travel in a current round and round
within the cover. Whilst so doing it gradually becomes heated by the contents of
the pan, and becoming lighter ascends and gives place to the colder incoming
water, until it reaches the outlet pipe (E) when it flows away. Thus the layer of
water nearest the lower side of the cover is always maintained in its coldest state
and the degrees of cold in the water are used to the fullest extent.
By so maintaining a perpetually cold surface in the said cover the entire
volatile or evaporative products of the substance in the pan (A) coming in contact
therewith are most effectually condensed, and caused to run back into the mixture,

page_text: and moreover the effect of the condensation is to create or tend to create a partial
vacuum in the pan.
"
°
The pipe (D) lies as near the floor of the cover as possible and its nozzle is
deflected against the neck or shoulder (C), so as to be most effectual in condensing
all vapors at the joint between pan and cover. The motion of the water is also
centrifugal, and therefore causes the coldest water to have a natural tendency to
play upon the neck (C) more than any other part, and at which point it is most
required.
The said cover or condenser is formed with central opening (F) for replenishing
the pan with liquor, or of measuring the depth when required, and such opening is
fitted with duplex plug (G), or equivalent device, which permits of the pan
being replenished from the supply pipe (D), or only from a special source by
removing the stopper (H).-To drain the cover the inlet pipe can be used as a
syphon. Such inlet pipe and the outlet pipe (E) are both made for connection to
rubber tubing.
By so employing a condenser the most valuable portion of the aromatic qualities
of the hops or other substance are retained, and moreover, the utilisation of the
hitherto wasted portion enables a lesser quantity (about a third to one half) of
substance to be treated for the same result.
The inlet pipe is smaller than the outlet pipe, and the depth of the cover varies,
by preference, from 3 to 5 inches.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A condenser for boiling pans or vessels, consisting of a hollow circular or like
casing, fitted with an inlet or supply pipe near its lowest side and circumference
with the delivery end tangentially disposed towards such circumference, and said
casing also fitted with an outlet or discharge pipe in its uppermost and central
part, substantially as and for the purposes set forth..
2. In pans or vessels for extracting the aromatic qualities of hops and like
substances, the combination of a hollow (by preference) dome like cover, in
and through which a current of cold water gyrates, as and for the purposes
set forth.
3. The construction, arrangement and combination of parts as and for the
purposes described.
Dated this 80th dox f Manal 1007