Improvements in the Manufacture of Cut Pile Fabrics and Apparatus .or Looms therefor.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Feb., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 16th Dec., 1889-Accepted, 18th Jan., 1890
TRUVIDIONAL OF FUIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Cut Pile Fabrics and Apparatus
.or Looms therefor.
I, WILLIAM HENRY GLADDING, of 7, Grange Road, Bermondsey, in the county of
Surrey, Hearthrug Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows :-
My invention relates to the weaving of cut pile carpets, rugs and other cut pilo
fabrics in which the patterns are formed by warps of various colours which do not
run continuously in the back as they do for example in Wilton carpets and rugs,
and to apparatustor looms therefor the object being to fasten the tufts or pile of such
fabrics! more securely than hitherto and to render the fabrics softer and more pliable
and springy.
For this purpose in weaving such fabrics I. cause a warp of various colours to form
each row of the i tufts or pile to pass below the set warp or warp threads and then
pass in a weft between the tuft warp and the set warp; the tuft warp being then
raised the second weft is similarly inserted, the tuft warp is again brought below the
set warp, the third weft is put in, the tuft warp is again raised and the fourth weft is
inserted through a shed of the set warp; the coloured warp and the weft are then
forced up by the batten, the tufts are cut-off and the next warp to continue the
pattern is then similarly woven in and so on. Or the first and third wefts may be
placed, in a shed of the set warp whilst the second weft is above the set warp, the tuft
warp being placed as herein before described. Or the second weft can be placed in the
shed and the first and, third be below the warp. Or each of the four wefts can be
woven in sheds of the set warp.
Instead of employing four wefts to each tuft I sometimes dispense with the herein-
before described first and third wefts and secure the tuft warp by crossing the sut
warp, (like the wheep thread crosses the warp in cross weaving) and throwing a weft
either below the set warp or in a shed of the same and then re-crossing the set warp;
Ithen throw a second weft through a shed of the set warp. In this case the fabric
is woven with the ends of..the tufts downwards.
By this method of weaving it will be obvious that the pile warp is made to form
the back of the fabric thereby producing a fabric of an exceedingly soft, pliable and
springy, nature and consequently of great durability.
The loom which I have found suitable for weaving in the manner above described
comprises a number of radially placed jointed tubular guides which feed the tuft
warps to form the pattern to the set warp. The said guides having their respective
colored wefts are selected and brought into position as required to form the pattern
by means of Jacquards and levers. The said guides are then moved downwards by
means of a treadle and catch arrangement and the lower ends of the jointed portions
of the guides with the tuft warps projecting therefrom are prevented from passing
through the set warp (except when weaving with-the pile downwards) whilst the upper
portions descend below the set warp. The tuft warp is now in such a position that it
can be woven in with wefts in the manner herein before described or in any other
suitable manner, and thertufts are cut off by suitable means. The sheds are produced
by the usual means. In order to effect the crossing of the set warp with the tuft
warp I provide a lever arrangement whereby I am enabled to laterally shift the
tubular jointed guides to the desired extent according to the count.
.

page_text: My improved loom can also be used for weaving some other pile fabrics than those
herein referred to.
Dated the 15th day of February 1889.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Cut Pile Fabrics and Apparatus
or Looms therefor.
I, WILLIAM HENRY GLADDING, of 7, Grange Road, Bermondsey, in the county of
Surrey, Hearthrug Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to the weaving of cut pile carpets, rugs and other cut pile
fabrics particularly those in which the patterns are formed by warps of various
colours which do not run continuously in the back, as they do for example in
Wilton carpets and rugs, and to apparatus or looms therefor, the object being to
fasten the tufts or pile of such fabrics more securely than hitherto and to render the
fabrics softer and more pliable and springy.
The invention consists essentially in producing a cut pile fabric in which each tuft
forming the pile passes through to the back, is brought to the surface, again passes
through to the back and then again to the surface.
In order to enable my invention to be fully understood I will describe how it can
be carried into practice by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which―
Figures 1 and 2 are diagrams illustrating two examples of cut pile fabrics manu-
factured according to my invention.
Figure 3 is a central vertical section of a loom suitable for weaving the said
fabrics.
Figure 4 is a plan of the loom partly in section, the section being taken on the
line A B of figure 3.
Figures 5 to 9 are views of some of the parts of the loom drawn to an enlarged
scale.
Similar letters in all the figures indicate similar parts.
I will first describe my method of manufacture by reference to figure 1.
In weaving the before mentioned fabrics I cause a warp of various colours to form
one row of the tufts a or pile to pass below the set warp or warp threads b and I then
pass in a weft thread c between the tuft warp a and the set warp b, the tuft warp a
being then raised the second weft thread d is similarly inserted the tuft warp a is
again brought below the set warp b the third weft thread e is put in, the tuft warp a is
again raised and the fourth weft thread is inserted through a shed of the set warp b;
the coloured warp a and the weft threads c, d, e and fare then beaten up by the
batten, the tufts a are cut off and the next warps or rows of tufts a¹, a², a³, a' to
continue the pattern are then successively and similarly woven in. Or the first and
third weft threads c and e may be placed in a shed of the set warp whilst the second
weft thread d is above the set warp b, the tuft warp a being placed as hereinbefore
described. Or the second weft thread d can be placed in the shed and the first and
third be below the set warp. Or each of the four weft threads can be woven in sheds
of the set'warp.
с
Instead of employing four weft threads to each tuft as described with reference to
figure 1, I sometimes, as shown in figure 2, dispense with the hereinbefore described
first and third weft threads cand e and secure the tuft warp a by causing
the set warp b, (like the wheep thread crosses the warp in cross weaving) and
throwing a weft thread d either below the set warp as shown or in a shed of the
"
cross

page_text: same, and then causing the tuft warp a to re-cross the set warp b; 1 then throw a
second weft thread through a shed of the set warp b. In this case the fabric is
woven with the ends of the tufts downwards as shown.
By this method of weaving it will be obvious that the pile warp is made to form
the back of the fabric thereby producing a fabric of an exceedingly soft, pliable and
springy nature and consequently of great durability.
I will now describe the loom illustrated in figures 3 and 4. g is the frame of the
loom, the beam upon which the woven fabric is wound and which is actuated by the
foot lever through the medium of the toothed wheels, 12, 13, 14, ratchet wheel j,
pawl, lever and rod ; k is the set warp beam which can be driven from the
beam by a belt or its equivalent not shown in the drawings. is the batten or lay
which is swung from the top of the loom as shown, and m, m are the foot levers for
working the heddles.
All the foregoing parts are of known construction.
For carrying out my invention I make use of a number of tubular guides n which
feed the tuft warps from a spool ¹ to the set warps to form the pattern of the fabric
being woven. The said guides n are shown detached in front and side elevation at
figures 5 and 6 respectively, and correspond in number to the set warp threads,
between which they are located during one portion of the operation. They are of the
shape shown, so that when their ends n¹ are just below the set warp b, as shown in
figure 3, a space n² is left below the set warp to allow the shuttle carrying the weft
thread to pass. The ends n' when in the position shown are supported on the inclined
edge of a supporting bar n* hereinafter described. The guides n are mounted on a
frame n³ provided with hooks n to allow of their being supported upon a bar n³ on a
frame o whereby they can be moved into position above the set warp as shown by the
dotted lines in figure 3. To allow this movement to be communicated to the guides n
the frame o is jointed at o¹, o¹, o¹, o¹ to links o², o2 jointed to radius bars o³, o³, pivotted
at one end of to the frame g, their other ends being normally supported upon adjustable
stops o' stops o on the links o², serve to limit the downward movement of the
frame o; the links o' at the front ends of the radius bars o³ are connected to a foot
lever p through the medium of rods p¹, levers p², a lever p³ and a rod pt.
In order to effect the crossing of the set warp by the tuft warps when weaving in
the manner herein before described with reference to figure 2, I employ arms forked
so as to embrace the bar n' and attached to a sleeve q¹ mounted on a rod of carried
by the frame o; this sleeve is formed with an oblique slot q3 in which works a pin g
attached to the bar q. By this arrangement when the tubular guides n are in the
position shown in the dotted lines in figure 3, by moving the pin q in the slot q³ the
sleeve q and arms I will cause the frame n³ to move the tubular guides n laterally a
distance corresponding to the space between the warp threads.
The batten 7 is held, in the position shown, by a bar through the medium of
links 1, the ends of the bar being, located behind stops on the frame g, so that by
lifting the said bar out of engagement with the said stops the batten can be moved
to beat up the tuft warps and the weft.
The bar is pivotted at each end to the frame g and is connected to the battern
through the medium of extensions r and connecting rods r¹, so that when the batten
is moved to beat up the tuft warps and the weft the bar n* is moved into the position
shown in dotted lines out of the way of the batten. When this takes place the ends n¹
of the tubular guides n are supported by the tuft warps interwoven with the fabric.
For cutting off the tufts I employ the knife s shown in figures 3 and 4 and mounted
on a carriage as shown in end elevation, side elevation and plan respectively at
figures 7, 8 and 9.
The carriages is adapted to move across the loom on guide bars s³, this movement
being effected by means of a weights attached to it by a cord passing over a
pulleys; a catch pivotted at being provided for retaining the carriage until
required to be so moved. In order to bring back the carriages, I operate it by the
foot lever i through the medium of a cord or chain t wound upon a shaft t¹ which

page_text: carries a drum t around which is wound a cord.ortchain t³ passing over a pulley t*
and attached to one end of the carriage s¹.
Attached to the shaft t¹ by means of a cord, wound around the same is a weight u
serving to raise the foot lever i to. its normal position as shown in figure. 3, thereby
slackening the cord and allowing the knife to be operated when released by its
catch s. The knife is provided with a gauges for giving uniformity to the depth of
pile.
The operation of the loom when weaving in the, manner described by reference to
figure 1, for example, is as follows, that is to say, assuming the parts of the, loom to
be in the position shown and sufficient of the ends of the tuft warps to form the
required depth of pile protruding from their guides n above the set warp, a weft
thread is passed through the space n' across the loom, the said weft thread corresponding
to that shown at c figure 1. The tubular guides are then lifted by means of the
foot lever into the position shown by the dotted lines in figure 3, thereby bringing
the tuft warp immediately above the set warp. Another weft thread is then passed
above the sef warp corresponding to the weft thread d in figure 1. The tubular
guides are then brought below the set warp into their first position thereby confining
the weft thread d between the tuft warp and the set warp. Another weft thread is
then passed through the space n² corresponding with the weft thread e figure 1, and
the tubular guides are again raised into the dotted position. figure 3. The tubular.
guides are now still further raised so as to leave a length of the tuft warp exposed
such as will be sufficient to complete the present tuft and leave a' sufficient length
protruding to commence the next tuft. To give this additional movement to the
guides the stops o on the foremost links o2. are formed with a surface o which,
when the parts are in the dotted position figure 3 come against the lower edges.of.the
side portions of the frame o, so that by still further depressing the lever p the frame o
is lifted as far as adjustable stops will allow and a shed is formed through which a
weft thread is passed corresponding to the thread fin figure 1. The batten is then
operated to beat up the tuft warps and the weft, and the knife is released to cut off
the tuft warps, the tuft warps being meanwhile held between the bar of the batten
and the gauge 8 of the knife s, the said knife working in a groove 1³ in the batten.
The next tuft is then formed in a similar way and so on.
The manner of operating the loom when weaving according to the modifications.
herein before described will be. understood without further description except with
regard to the example illustrated in figure 2. In this case the guides n being int the
position shown. in full lines figure 31 pass a wire or the like through the space n³
and draw it forward so as to bring the ends of the tuft warps below the set warp
the guides n are then raised above the. set warp and when in' that position the pin q
is operated to move the guides laterally, so that when they are lowered into their first.
position each of the tuft warps will cross the set warps; al weft thread corresponding
to the weft thread d in. figure 2.is then passed through the space n², the guides are
again raised and the pin operated to return them to their former positions' so, that
when again lowered the warps will recross; the guides having been thus lowered thet
wire is then again placed in the space n³, the-guides are again. fully raised, the pile
warps cut and the. tuft or pile brought down into its former position by, lowering thėj
wire. A shed is then formed and a weft thread. corresponding to figure 2.passed!
through it and the work is then,beaten up.
The guides n' with their respective coloured warps are selected and brought to.hand
as required to form the pattern by any suitable means.
Having now particularly described and ascertained' the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. The manufacture of cut pile fabrics in which each tuft forming the pile passes
through to the back, is brought to the. surface, again passes through to the back and
then again to the surface.

page_text: 2. The manufacture of figured cut pile fabrics having the patterns formed by
warps of various colours which do not run continuously in the back by passing each
tuft forming the pile through to the back of the fabric, securing it by a weft or
other wise, bringing it again to the surface, securing it, again passing it through to
the back, securing it and then again bringing it to the surface, substantially as
herein before described.
3. The use of the improved loom herein before described and illustrated in figures 3
and 4 of the accompanying drawing for the purpose specified.
Dated the 16th day of December 1889.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.