Improvements in Incandescent Oil Vapor Burners.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Sept., 1897-Accepted, 30th Oct., 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Incandescent Oil Vapor Burners.
We, MORITZ BERNSTEIN of 38 Mauerstrasse, Berlin, Germany, Merchant and
MANNY EHRENBACHER of 115/116 Leipzigerstrasse Berlin, Germany, Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of our said invention and in what manner the same is to
be perforined to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The objects of the present invention are:-
a: To feed to the flame of a burner the atmospheric air, coming from underneath
the same and more particularly that coming from the burner tube in a previously
mixed and fore-warmed state and perfectly evenly flowing current.
b: To form from the small original flame a number of superheated flames of large
superficial area for illuminating and heating purposes.
In all burners hitherto employed for the combustion of oil vapours, the great
difficulty has presented itself of attaining a perfect gasification of the liquid fuel.
Thus, for instance, petroleum contains constituent parts, some of which gasify at a
temperature below 100° C., whilst the total gasification does not take place
below 150° C.
Then again the oil vapors burners have the disadvantage that the flame takes
3 to 5 minutes after ignition to attain the heat necessary to produce the incandescent
effect. The temperature of the flame during this period is not sufficient to properly
burn the liquid fuel, so that the production of soot is unavoidable which seriously
damages the delicate mantle in a very short time.
Owing to these disadvantages oil gas burners have been comparatively useless
for practical purposes.
The present process obviates these disadvantages.
The temperature of the flame is increased so rapidly by the peculiar nature of the
process, as to cause an incandescent mantle to glow almost immediately after
ignition, and also to cause the immediate combustion of the small particles of soot,
forined during the first second or two, before such particles can be deposited on the
mantle.
In the interior of the burner within the inner wick-tube are mounted on one or
more centrally arranged rods a series of very thin plates, of heat conducting material
-advantageously perforated metal said plates being concentric, of any desired
form, horizontal or nearly horizontal and displaced as regards one another.
The air fed to the lower part of the burner and rising in the same impinges
against these plates and is distributed by the same so that an uneven flow of the
same will be avoided.
Since the flame of the burner imparts heat in all directions these plates will also
be indirectly heated by the said flame.
The upwardly flowing air as also the heat coming from the burner cause the thin―
eventually perforated plate-to vibrate, and this vibration as also a part of the heat
will be imparted to the air passing the plates, so that the same will be thoroughly
mixed and well-fore-warmed by the time it has passed through the plate system,
which it will pass in an even uninterrupted current.

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A similar process may be adapted outside and around the burner, thus producing
an absolutely motionless flame.
A flame distributing or dividing device preferably perforated, henceforth termed
the flame distributor" for the purpose of the present specification, is mounted
above the primary flame and divides the same into an outer and inner cylindrical
flame, at the same time guiding a part of the inner flame together with the air
coming from underneath the burner with a hollow body open at the bottom and
having its walls concentrically perforated (said hollow body being preferably made in
one piece with the flame distributor). Within this space or chamber the air mixture
is superheated by the outer cylindrical flame, which is forced to play around the
The air will thus be driven or forced
same, owing to the presence of the distributor.
through the lateral openings of the space or chamber in the form of jets into the
flame surrounding said chamber, splitting the latter into numerous subdivided flames
having each a large superficial area and feeding the said outer flames with well
prepared fuel.
The combustive mixture contained in the jet flames formed from the outer
cylindrical flame is forced against the walls of another hollow body (or several
other bodies) arranged mantle-like around the first body and extending above the
same and being perforated all round and again superheated by the co-operation of
the flame circle playing on the interior of the hollow annular body and replenished
with oxygen by the exterior air fed to the same through the intermediate space
enclosed in the annular body, whereby the heating and illuminating power of the
mixture are potentially increased.
And in order to render the present specification more easily intelligible,
reference is had to the accompanying drawings, in which similar letters of reference
denote similar parts throughout the several views:―
Fig. 1 is a vertical section of a complete burner,
Fig. 2 a detail elevation of a mantle in the form of a coil,
Fig. 3 a vertical section of a double walled mantle,
Fig. 4 a vertical section of a cap herein after described.
Fig. 5 a part sectional elevation of a burner, the wick guide tube being omitted,
Fig. 6 an elevation of the same parts with the upper part raised in position
to light the lamp and
Fig. 7 a plan of Figure 6.
a designates the inner and b the outer wick guide tubes, c the wick, & the wick
operating screw, e the lateral air feed opening for the interior air feed, f the outer
burner mantle g the chimney glass support, h the chimney and i, the sleeves in
which the guide rods k, k of the chimney support slide and in which the same may,
by suitable means be raised and lowered, in order to light the lamp.
Within the tube a the central hollow rod is arranged and retained in proper
position by means of three upper and lower cross arms l¹.
On this rod is mounted the radial system consisting in the present case of
longitudinally supported plates m, said system serving to distribute the air passing
to the interior of the wick tube a and simultaneously to impart to the same a
vibrating motion.
The recesses of the adjacent plates are displaced as regards each other. The whole
is advantageously stamped from one piece of sheet metal and formed to a central
sleeve by means of which it loosely engages the hat or rod l.
The flame distributor n and the cap o fast or loose on the same, are placed on the
upper end of the hollow or tubular bar and in the capo a part of the combustive
mixture and air fed in sufficient quantities to the same are stored and superheated.
The flame distributor n is arranged above the wick c. The flame distributor n
and cap o are provided with perforations n¹ and o¹ respectively.
The cap o may be of mushroom form as shown at Figure 1 or cylindrical as shown
at Fig. 4 or of any other suitable shape and is provided with a central opening o² in
the cover.

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The mantle p is arranged concentrically with the upper part of the burner, said
nantle being attached at p to the chimney support g and carrying the standard q
or the incandescent inantle r, the lower edge of which is smoothed over the rim of
he part p.
The mantle p consists advantageously of a number of vertical tubes arranged a
suitable distance apart and connected at the top and bottom by annular horizontally
arranged tubular chambers p¹, p² into which they open.
All the tubes are perforated interiorly and exteriorly of the ring thus formed.
The mantle may also be formed by a coils (as shown at Fig. 2) of thin perforated tube,
the ends of said coil being cut off slantingly and attached to the neighbouring coils.
Or a double walled mantle t may be employed enclosing a perforated annular space t¹
as shown at Fig. 3.
The hollow exterior mantle serves a similar purpose to that of the cap o in that it
stores and superheats the laterally fed combustion air.
The co-operation of the cap o and the mantle p which serve to form a blower is of
particular importance in producing the great heat necessary for connecting the rising
oil gases to a clear gas flame of extraordinary power almost instantaneously on
ignition.
The concentration of heated masses of metal such as the cap o and the mantle p
which encircle the gas flame from the in-and outsides serves to greatly enhance the
heating power of the same.
According to the illustration, the body of the burner together with the chimney
and the incandescent mantle are adapted to be raised when the lamp is lighted.
A. modification of the burner body is illustrated in Figs. 5, 6 & 7, the peculiar
construction of which will now be described.
The body of the burner at which is perforated in suitable manner to admit the
air, is provided with an interior revoluble cage 61 having lateral and lower
perforations and an upper cage c¹ also having suitable perforations is supported on
the said cage b¹. By turning the parts b¹ and c¹ on each other, the air feed may be
suitably regulated. The upper part of the burner mantle or housing d is firmly
fixed to the part a¹. It is also provided with lateral and lower perforations and carries
three slanting guides extending upwardly and provided each with a corresponding
guide slot e el e¹ in which pins, fast on the chimney support f¹, slide.
A rod g¹
extends through one of the slots e¹ instead of a pin, said rod having a button h¹ by
means of which the same and with it the chimney support may be raised or lowered.
The rod is fixed to the support fat i. A perforated cylinder is mounted
within the burner and guides the air entering the burner housing to the
incandescent mantle.
The construction of this modification is otherwise similar to that of Figures 1-4.
By means of the present process a perfectly dry oil gas is obtained, such as is
absolutely necessary to produce an incandescent gas light.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is
A process for feeding to the flame of a burner atmospheric air from underneath
the said burner--particularly from the burner tube-in a previously mixed and
fore-warmed condition and in the form of an evenly flowing current, according to
which
a The feed air is guided through a system of radially arranged easily heated
and vibrating plates, the arms of which are displaced as regards each other,
or the said air may be fed through a system of spirals or coils, substantially
as described.
b A number of superheated, heating and illuminating flames are produced
from the primary flame by feeding the combustive mixture through a
flame distributor and thus dividing the same into an inner and outer
flame cylinder, then feeding the inner flame together with atmospheric air

page_text: into a hollow body arranged within the flame distributor, superheating the
mixture and forcing the same through lateral openings against the
exterior flame circle, blowing a part of the combustive mixture against a
second hollow mantle, having perforated walls through which fresh air may
enter from the exterior and thus replenish the mixture with oxygen previously 5
warmed, substantially as described.
REGINALD W. BARKER,
Monument Chambers, London, E.C., Applicants' Agent.