IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VACUUM PANS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Beanes, of No. 32, Priory Road, Kilburn,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, and Conrad William Finzel, of
the City of Bristol, Sugar Refiner, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
Sealed the 19th April 1865, and dated the 7th January 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Beanes and
Conrad William Finzel at the Office of the. Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 7th January 1865.
We, EDWARD BEANES, of No. 32, Priory Road, Kilburn, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, and CONRAD WILLIAM FINZEL, of the City of Bristol,
Sugar Refiner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VACUUM PANS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to an improved mode of constructing vacuum pans
such as are used in boiling syrup, sugar, and other materials.
In vacuum pans made on the plan hitherto employed, having evaporating
tubes heated with heating agents such as hot water or. steam, great diffi-
culties have arisen in obtaining a proper heating action throughout the length
of each tube, and in causing to act upon the syrup or sugar or other materials
to be operated upon a sufficiently large extent of heating. surface. When, as
has been usual heretofore, evaporating tubes of .considerable length are
employed, the heating agent is necessarily introduced into..the tube at a com-
paratively high degree of temperature in order that sufficient heat may be

page_text: retained to keep up the requisite heating action throughout the length of the
tube, and such high degrees of temperature are found to operate injuriously
upon the syrup, sugar, or other materials when so treated.
In order to prevent the syrup, sugar, or other materials from being acted
upon injuriously by heating agents having an excess of heat in any part of
the evaporating tube, and to obtain at the same time a sufficient extent of
tubular heating surface so as to enable heating agents to be used in the
tubes at moderate and comparatively equable temperatures with rapidity
and success, we make the vacuum pan, by preference, of an oblong shape,
being comparatively narrow in proportion to its length, and we fix in it a
considerable number of evaporating tubes each being of a short length, and
by preference placed across the pan at right angles to its longest sides.
The tubes communicate with heating or steam chambers, into which is intro-
duced the heating agent, using by preference steam.
By using evaporating tubes of short length placed in the manner above
described so as to afford the requisite extent of heating surface, we are
enabled to employ in the tubes heating agents, whether steam or hot water,
at low and comparatively equable temperatures with a success that has not
been heretofore attainable. In some cases where it is desired to obtain great
uniformity of action in the heating operation, we introduce the heating agent
into chambers placed on two sides of the pan, and transmit it through one
half of the evaporating tubes from one side and through the other half of the
tubes from the other side.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Beanes and Conrad William Finzel in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 7th July 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EDWARD
BEANES, late of 32, and now of 26, Priory Road, Kilburn, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, and CONRAD WILLIAM FINZEL, of the City of Bristol,
Sugar Refiner, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Edward Beanes and Conrad William Finzel, Her special licence that
we, the said Edward Beanes and Conrad William Finzel, our executors,

page_text: administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Edward Beanes
and Conrad William Finzel, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VACUUM PANS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said Edward Beanes and Conrad William Finzel, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their,
or one of our or their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent. -
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Beanes, on behalf of myself
and of the said Conrad William Finzel, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our Invention relates to an improved mode of constructing vacuum pans
such as are used in boiling syrup, sugar, and other materials.
In vacuum pans made on the plan hitherto employed, having evaporating
tubes heated with heating agents such as hot water or steam, difficulties have
arisen in obtaining a proper heating action throughout the length of each
tube, and at the same time in causing a sufficiently large extent of heating
surface to act upon the syrup or sugar or other materials to be operated upon,
and causing the heat to act equably on the said materials, when, as has
been hitherto the practice, the heating medium is introduced through tubes
in one direction only. When evaporating tubes of considerable length are
employed the heating agent has been usually introduced into the tube at a
comparatively. high degree of temperature in order that sufficient heat may
be retained to keep up the requisite heating action throughout the length
of the tube, and such high degrees of temperature are found to operate
injuriously upon the syrup, sugar, or other materials when so treated.
In order to prevent the syrup, sugar, or other materials from being acted
upon injuriously by heating agents having an excess of heat in any part of the
evaporating tubes, and to obtain at the same time a sufficient extent of
the tubular heating surface, so as to enable heating agents to be used in
the tubes at moderate and. comparatively equable temperatures with rapidity
and success, we employ the improved apparatus herein-after described.

page_text: We construct our improved vacuum pans so that the steam, hot water, or
other heating medium used shall be introduced into the ends of one half or
thereabouts of the number of heating tubes placed across the interior of a
vacuum pan at one side or end of the pan, and into the ends of the other half
(or thereabouts) of the number of heating tubes at the other or opposite side
or end of the pan. Thus the upper evaporating tubes of a pan may receive
the heating medium at one side of the pan, and the lower tubes receive the
heating medium at the opposite side, or the distribution of the tubes having
the heating medium passing through in opposite directions may be arranged
in the vacuum pan in any other way which may be preferred for the purpose
of producing an equivalent result.
In constructing a vacuum pan according to our Invention we prefer to
have a pan comparatively narrow in proportion to its length, so that the
evaporating tubes may be placed across the pan, by which we are enabled to
use tubes of a short length, and as far as practicable prevent the temperature
of the heating medium from being diminished during its passage through the
tubes to such an extent as to render it incapable of efficiently heating the
contents of the pan.
We introduce into a vacuum pan, made according to our Invention, such
a number of tubes as will enable us to obtain a sufficiently large extent of
heating surface. We attach a box or boxes, chamber or chambers, to each
side or end of the vacuum pan communicating with the tubes which are to
receive the steam, hot water, or other heating medium at the side or end of
the pan to which the box or boxes, chamber, or chambers may be attached,
and cause the heating agent (preferring steam) to pass into such box' or
boxes, and from thence into the ends of the tubes connected therewith, and
along such tubes and out of the opposite ends of such tubes, and (as we
prefer) from thence into a box or boxes, chamber or chambers, by means of
which the exhausted heating medium may be conveyed away. By this mode
of constructing and working a vacuum pan we are enabled to heat the
materials contained in the vacuum pan more equably and without the use of
injurious heat.
This mode of constructing a vacuum pan may be applied to any vacuum
pans which are capable of, or having the heating tubes placed across or
through them, in manner herein-before described.
The Drawings annexed to this Specification shew the mode in which a
vacuum pan is constructed with heating tubes placed and worked according
to our improvements.
Plate 1 shews a side elevation of vacuum pan with steam entrances into

page_text: the casing; (a) is upper part of pan, the lower portion is shewn as under-
neath the steam casing by red lines; (b, b,) part of steam pipe connected to
steam valve, the former shewn as broken off; (c, c, c, c,) are steam entrances
to the casing; (d, d,) shews two doors of the casing removed, by which the
ends of a portion of the tubes can be seen.
Plate 2 is a sectional end elevation, shewing the heating tubes placed
crossways in the pan, also shewing the divisions in the casing by which the
steam or other heating medium is caused to pass through one half the tubes
on the one side and through the other half on the other. The same letters
denote the same parts in each plate.
In apparatus constructed as shewn in these Drawings the steam or other
heating medium admitted through the valve (f) enters the upper
chamber (h), and passing through the upper heating tubes to the back
chamber (i), is conveyed away to a waste pipe or steam trap by the pipe and
check valve (), shewn in Plate 1.
The steam admitted through the valve (9) passes into the chamber (k),
from thence through the lower heating tubes into the chamber (7), from
whence it is conveyed away by a pipe and check valve, same as shewn at (j)
in Plate 1.
.
Having now described our Invention, we declare that we do not claim any
of the mechanical parts or elements of the machinery we have described as
being separately or apart from the combination or application thereof as any
part of our said Invention, and that we claim the general combination and
arrangement of parts constituting an improved vacuum pan by means of
which the heating medium is caused to pass through one half or portion of the
tubes in one direction and through the other half or portion of the tubes in
the opposite direction, in manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Beanes, on behalf of myself
and of the said Conrad William Finzel, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Seventh day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
.