IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING ELASTIC FORCE FOR MOTIVE POWER OR OTHER PURPOSES PART OF SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE THERETO
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Graddon, Engineer Forest Hill in the County of
Kent for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING
AND APPLYING ELASTIC FORCE FOR MOTIVE POWER OR OTHER PURPOSES PART
OF SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE THERETO.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Graddon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th November 1882.
JAMES GRADDON Engineer Forest Hill in the County of Kent IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING ELASTIC FORCE FOR MOTIVE POWER
OR OTHER PURPOSES PART OF SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE THERETO.
The object of my invention is to produce motive power by generating and
utilizing force by the means I herein propose to effect a great economy. I propose
to arrange in combination Fig 7. A. 1. and 8 B d parts of my patent N° 5479
December 29th 1880 so as these parts are connected with a bed or centre casting of
metal to construct an engine assisted to accumulate matter and force it to a high
pressure before it
permitted to act on the piston or pistons by means of a valve
moving at every half revolution or otherwise and at each movement the power acts on
the crank shaft or shafts, I also propose forcing air or other unexplosive elastic fluid or
other matter to combine with explosive fluid or other matter to be exploded or other-
wise used in this engine constructed by employing one or more Cylinders each con-
taining two or more pistons arranged so as each face may act as a pump and a
motive power piston alternately operated by the rods working through the centre
of each other and connected with a three throw or other form of crank arranged to
permit the pistons moving in contrary directions. The centre casting which forms
the body or bed may be constructed with circular or other formed ends to which
the cylinders are to be fixed & on the same bed is also fixed the guides for the
piston rods and the fulcrum or fulcrums for the lever or levers or means of sup-
porting rods driven by a cam or cams and the bearings in which is mounted the crank
or driving shaft or shafts containing the fly wheel or wheels and eccentrics or other

page_text: means employed to operate the slide or other valve or valves. I also propose
taking air from the compressor or from the driving cylinder or from a pump or
pumps attached to this or any other motive power and by means of a pipe or other-
wise convey it into a pipe bent into the form of a scroll or scrolls which are placed
in a box or vessel or vessels constructed with divisions or a division to contain
gasoline or other volatile liquid or matter and the same devision or devisions also
contains the scroll or scrolls of pipe which is perforated with holes for defusing
air or other elastic matter over the surface of the explosive matter and after the air
becomes thus impregnated it is conveyed into a receiver or without a receiver
direct to this engine or any other and therein exploded by means of a spark
employed to thus produce motive power. And as the gas thus produced is inflam-
mable as well as explosive according to the volatile matter employed I may use it
for lighting heating or other purposes in combination with the arrangements herein
proposed or any other motive power. I may arrange this gas producing method in
a part of the body or bed of the engine and utilize the other part for water
employed for cooling purposes and as the water becomes heated I may pass that or
other heat under the volatile matter to assist in its vaporation and as this also
relates to a Patent granted to me in the year 1880 N° 2624 I may employ the
double cylinder therein shown by Fig 3 sheets 3 sheet 2 by attaching them to the
body casting or base of Fig 1 on the same sheet and employ one of the cylinders
& compressor and the other for driving purposes and the air drawn in and
discharged from the base may be passed through the scroll as herein described. Or
the coil of pipe explained in the patents above named may be employed as herein
described I also propose producing a pure charge by relieving the engines of
impure gas by means of a valve conveying it into the exhaust through a small pipe
I may also employ the gas producing arrangement herein proposed with the engine
described in my patent 5479 Fig 2. and 9. sheet 1 date December 29th 1880 and I
may arrange the combined cylinders each containing more then one piston as an
engine worked by coal gas and air apart and separate from the arrangements herein
proposed or with my proposed gas producing arrangements for locomotive purposes
by allowing the wheels on the crank shaft to run on metals laid on the ground and
supporting the body by wheels of a suitable size. I also propose placeing the scroll
or scrolls in a furnace or vessel containing heat retaining matter to produce vapour
at a required pressure to operate the engine herein proposed, when explosive matters
is not employed with air compressed or otherwise used I propose fixing small
vessels or cylinders to the scroll or scrolls in the place of the pipes mentioned in
my patent N° 384. Year 1871. & thus relate to improvements thereon and by
employing a receiver or receivers charged with compressed gas or air for starting or
maintaing purposes as named in patents granted to me in the Year 1878 N° 219 I
also relate to improvements thereon.
88

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent and
of an Order of the Lord Chancellor filed by the said James Graddon in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 15th June 1883.
JAMES GRADDON Engineer Forest Hill in the County of Kent " IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING ELASTIC FORCE FOR MOTIVE POWER
OR OTHER PURPOSES PART OF SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE THERETO
"
The object of my invention is to produce motive power by generating and
utilizing forces by the means and with the apparatus hereinafter described. I
propose to arrange in combination apparatus as shown in Figures 7 A 1 and 8 Bd of
my specification No 5479 of December 29th 1880 so that those parts when
connected with a bed or centre casting of metal form an engine in which the
explosive gases are compressed to a high pressure before being ignited, or permitted
to act on the piston or pistons, the admission of the gases to the cylinder or
cylinders being regulated by means of a valve moving at every half revolution or
otherwise and at each movement the power acts on the crank shaft or shafts I also
propose forcing air or other unexplosive elastic fluids or matter to combine.with
explosive fluid or other matter to be exploded or otherwise used in this engine
constructed by employing one two or more cylinders each containing two or more
pistons, arranged so that each face may act as a pump and a motive power piston
alternately and being operated by the rods working through the centre of each
other and connected with a three throw or other form of crank arranged to permit
the pistons moving in contrary directions. The centre casting which forms the
body or bed may be constructed with circular or other form of ends to which the
cylinders are to be fixed and on the same bed is also fixed the guides for the
piston rods and the fulcrum or fulcrums for the lever or levers or means of
supporting rods driven by a cam or cams and the bearings in which is mounted the
crank or driving shaft or shafts carrying the fly wheel or wheels and eccentrics or
other means employed to operate the slides or other valve or valves. I also propose
taking air from the compression or from the driving cylinders or from a pump or
pumps attached to this or any other motive power and by means of a pipe or
otherwise conveying it into a pipe bent into the form of a scroll or coils which are
placed in a box or vessel constructed with divisions to contain Gasoline or other
volatile liquid or other matter, and the same division or divisions also contains the
scroll or coils of pipe which are perforated on their lower face with holes for
diffusing air or other elastic matter over the surface of the explosive matter, and
after the air becomes thus impregnated, it is conveyed into a receiver or without a
receiver direct to this or any other form of engine and therein exploded by means
of a spark or flame employed to thus produce motive power and as the gas thus
produced is inflammable as well as explosive, according to the volatile matter
employed I may use it for lighting heating or other purposes in combination with
the arrangements herein proposed or any other suitable power engine. I may
arrange this producer as part of the body or bed of the engine and utilize the other
part for water employed for cooling purposes, and as the water becomes heated I
may pass that or other heat under the volatile matter to assist in its vapourization
and as this also relates to a patent granted to me in the year 1880 No 2624 I may
employ the double cylinder as shown by Figure 3 sheet 2 of the drawings by
attaching them to the body casting or bed of Figure 1 in the same sheet, and
employing one of the cylinders as a compressor and the other for driving purposes
and the air drawn in and discharged from the box may be passed through the scroll
or coil as herein described or the scroll of pipes explained in the specification above
named may be employed as hereinafter described. I also propose producing a pure

page_text: charge by relieving the engine of impure gas by means of a valve conveying it into
the exhaust through a small pipe I may also employ the gas producing arrangement
herein proposed with the engine described in my specification No 5479 Figures 2 and 9
sheet 1 dated December 29th 1880 and I may arrange the combined cylinders each
containing more than one piston as an engine worked by coal gas and air, separate
and apart from the arrangements herein proposed or with my proposed gas producing
arrangements for locomotives by allowing the wheels on the crank shaft to run on
metals laid on the ground and supporting the body by wheels of a suitable size I
also propose placing the scroll or coils in a furnace or vessel containing heat retaining
matter to produce vapour at a required pressure to operate the engine herein proposed
When explosive matter is not employed with with air compressed or otherwise used I
propose fixing small vessels or cylinders to the scroll or coils of the pipe mentioned
in my specification N° 384 of 1871 and this portion of my invention relates to
improvements thereon I may further employ a receiver charged with compressed
gas or air for starting or maintaining purposes as mentioned in specification N° 219
of 1878 and in the manner and for the purposes hereinafter described To clearly
explain my present invention and how the same may be practically carried into
effect reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form part of this
specification and in which like letters of reference refer to corresponding parts
Figure 1 represents in perspective a form of horizontal engine Figure 2 a plan
shewing the cylinders in section the engine being placed in a locomotive or portable
frame Figure 3 represents in perspective a box forming the bed plate while
Figures 4 and 5 represent in enlarged views the valve and valve openings Figure 6
represents a section of a vertical engine made in accordance with my invention
Figure 7 is an elevation of same Figure 8 represents a gas generating coil
Figure 9 an end view of the compressing pistons connecting rods. Figure 10 the
electrical terminals for igniting the explosive charges Figure 11 represents a
modification of the form of engine shown in Fig 6 there being but one piston in
the compressing cylinder while the heating coil H is placed in the driving cylinder
instead of in the exhaust Figure 12 a modified form of gas generator Figure 13
an air coil for said generator Figure 14 a plan of the inlet valves. Figures 15
and 16 represent steam or gas generators which may be used in combination with
the generator hereinafter more fully described Figure 17 one of the coils used in
said generator and Figure 18 a form of chamber for heating air gas or fluid The
compressing cylinder A Figure 2 contains two pistons the one a having a long and
the other a¹ a short travel, the piston rod of a¹ passes through that of a and is
operated by a lever or rod a' which is in turn acted on by a cam a³ on part of the
periphery of which there are small friction wheels as shown in Fig 1. When the
engine is in operation and the various parts are in the position shown in Fig 2
the cylinder space between pistons a and a¹ has been filled with the elastic charge
through the slide valve which works above and between the cylinders as shown
in Fig 1. The further motion of the crank C will through the piston and con-
necting rods as a cause the piston a to compress the charge somewhat and force
it through the valves in the piston head at which is then operated by rod a² and
eccentric a³ and gives an auxiliary and increased pressure to the charge which is
then permitted to pass from the compressor A through the slide valve (shown in
Figs 4 and 5) which is operated by rod c, into the driving cylinder B between the
pistons bob which move in reverse directions and are then in close proximity The
charge is then exploded by means of the flame 6³ 6 (or an electric spark may be
used) and the pistons travelling in the reverse direction operate on the crank C
through their respective rods b² 6ª and 6º 610 When the driving pistons have
reached the end of their outward travel the exhaust has opened for the space
between the pistons, while a further charge has been permitted to pass through the
valve to the outside face of one or both of the piston heads 65 66 and is there
exploded, thus giving an explosion for each half revolution of the engine A
pump N operated by crank C supplies the coils herein-after described, with the
requisite quantity of air or gas while an auxiliary exhaust pump O serves to draw

page_text: off more perfectly the products of combustion which would otherwise remain in
the cylinder B The pistons in the compressor A like those in the driving cylinder
move in reverse directions at the same time and thus while the piston a¹ is com
pleting the compression of the charge, the piston a is drawing in a fresh charge to be
subsequently compressed and passed through the valve directly to the driving
cylinder or if preferred, the charge may be passed into a receiver first and sub-
sequently fed to the driving cylinder The stationary form of engine represented
in Fig 1 is mounted on the hollow box or casing shown in Fig 3 one portion of which
carries the generating coil hereinafter described while the other may be used for
the circulation of water or other cooling medium The principle of the driving
cylinder and compressor is described in connection with Fig 7 and Fig 8 of my
specification N° 5479 December 29th 1880 but according to my present invention
as shown in Fig 1 they are attached to a centre casting or bed on which are also
mounted the bearings for the three throw or other form of crank arranged in a
way that will cause the pistons in the driving and compressing cylinders to move
in reverse directions at the same time. In my specifications 2624 and 5479 of
1880 I have described forms of vertical engines and a modified form for a vertical
engine made in accordance with my present invention is represented in Figs 6
and 7 while details of the same are shown in Figs 9. 10 and 14 In this form of
my invention the elastic charge passes into the valve box / and the valves therein
are opened by the action of the rods and lever I I' I on the tappit valves. The
amount of charge fed to the compressor is regulated by the valve attached to the
governor and after passing this, the said charge enters through the valve K to the
compressor A the pistons in which act in a manner analogous to that described
with reference to Fig 2 with the exception that the outer face of piston a is
exposed to the atmosphere and is provided with a weighted or spring valve by
means of which the amount of air admitted into the compressor to be there mixed
with the elastic charge is regulated When the auxiliary compressing piston a
reaches the top of its stroke, valve opens and the compressed charge passes
through chamber E through valve f and into driving cylinder B where it is
exploded by a flame or as represented, by an electric spark at 6 the requisite
breaking of the contact between the terminals being given at the right moment by
means in this case of the insulated end of the single driving piston rod coming in
contact with part 6 The rod of valve f passes through exhaust valve G and its
hollow rod and said valve f is raised at the proper time by means of the pivoted
lever F F acted upon by a disc or eccentric on the crank C When the driving
piston has reached the bottom of its stroke a second lever like F F (which may be
forked so as to avoid the inner piston of valve f) and acted on by a second disc or
eccentric on crank C opens exhaust valve G This arrangement of the inlet and
exhaust valves is a modification and improvement of the exhaust valve described in
my former specifications but in the present case this valve is placed between the
two cylinders, the stem of ƒ passing through the exhaust valve and the piston
thereof and being provided with rings or packing boxes to prevent any escape of
the gases The spaces between the two cylinders may be utilized by a coil of pipes H
which become heated by the exhaust and cause the vapourization of any volatile
matter caused to pass through the said coil for the purpose of producing gas to mix
with the air drawn into the compressing cylinder, or a cooling medium may be
placed therein to keep the parts cool The gas or elastic charge may be produced
in any known manuer but I prefer to produce it by pipes bent into the form of
scrolls and placed in a box P over gasoline or other volatile matter and
in this case the air can be passed through the coil or coils H' which are
perforated with holes on their lower face as shown in Fig 13 for the purpose
of diffusing said air over the surface of the gas producing matter which is
placed in receptacle H* The explosive mixture is conveyed by a pipe h to the
valves h¹ placed on top of the engine and which are regulated to admit only a
certain quantity of the explosive matter with or without air by means of the crank
lever I and the governors as before described The shaft C is mounted in bearings

page_text: fixed on the outside of the base or body casting and passes through suitable glands
or packing boxes i i employed for the purpose of preventing any escape around the
crank shaft of the air in chamber K in order to cause the base or body casting to
act as a pump chamber by the up movement of the driving piston taking in a
charge of air through a suction valve K' while its down stroke forces said charge
out through a corresponding delivery valve to which is attached a pipe for
conveying said air through the coils as represented in Figs 8. 12. and 13 for mixing
with explosive matter or said air may be used for other purposes This arrange-
ments of parts is an improvement on the form of engine described in connection
with Fig 2 of my specification 5479 of 1880. Oil is supplied to the enclosed
working parts by means of pipe d which is closed by part d' when the piston is up
and open when it is in the position shown in the drawings the lubricant then
passing through the passage ds to the connecting pin and falling from there to
drip cup d³ from whence it passes by means of a small pipe d to the brasses on
crank C The lower part of space K may contain cooling fluid if the parts are
found to heat. The shaft also carries the flywheel and pulley employed for driving
purposes. This engine can be also most advantageously employed as an engine
operated by coal gas and air apart from the special form of coils placed in the
engine to obtain the heat for vapourizing or the gas producing arrangement of coils
in the base the latter form being also shown in Figure 3. The driving cylinder
and compressor in this case can also with slight modification of the parts be
worked by steam produced from ordinary steam generators, the steam from which
being utilized with compressed air or apart therefrom or in combination with the
gas and air exploded to cause a much greater expansive force The engines berein
described can be also worked in combination with steam generators as shown in
Figs 15. 16. 17 and 18 which are modifications and improvements on the forms
described in my former specification and in which a length of pipe is bent into
scrolls or a coil L and fixed on a pipe L' and through L L' volatile liquid or water
is forced and inexpensively vapourized by the great heating surface which is
exposed to the fire surface M and this arrangement of scrolls or coils may be placed
in a chamber, the parts of which this arrangement of coil does not occupy being
filled with heat retaining matter The furnace containing the scrolls or coils is
constructed so that the said scrolls or coils may be vertically or horizontally placed
therein and when the bath of heat retaining material is not employed the bottom
is removed and the scrolls become exposed to the direct action of the fire in the
furnace, and in this way steam may be rapidly generated and can be superheated
by passing it through another such coil or scroll placed in another highly heated
furnace the steam is superheated dried and can be forced through the perforated
coils in the box containing the gas producing matter and then employed with or
without the admixture of air by the compressor for operating the engine or engines
hereinbefore described The furnace is surrounded by a water jacket for the
purpose of preventing overheating These steam generators may be used for
driving the engines herein set forth by steam only if thought necessary or for
working ordinary steam or fire engines or for producing steam for heating buildings
or for other purposes where steam or boiling water is rapidly required at a small
cost or they may be also used for generating gas for lighting or other purposes by
dispensing with the fireplaces and filling the space with gasoline or other gas
producing matter and causing this arrangement of coils to revolve therein as by
forcing air through the coils or scrolls which in this case would be perforated, the
said air will be impregnated and become explosive or inflammable
. Having thus described the improvements in machinery for obtaining and
applying elastic force for motive power or other purposes part of such improve-
ments being applicable thereto what I claim and desire to secure by Letters
Patent is
1 In motive power engines the general arrangement and combination of parts
forming the improved types of engines as represented in Figs 1 and 2 all

page_text: 2nd In motive power engines the improved form shown in Figs 6 and 7 in
which one end of the compressing cylinder A is open to the atmosphere while the
driving cylinder is provided with but one piston which may also act as an air
pump substantially as described and for the purposes set forth.
3rd In motive power engines the modified form as represented in Fig 11 in
which the beating coil H is placed in the driving cylinder as shown and for the
purposes set forth
4th In motive power engines the method of compressing the charge as described
in connection with Fig 6 in which the long stroke piston a first accumulates and
slightly compresses the charge which is passed through and subsequently still
further compressed by the short stroke piston substantially as and for the purposes
set forth
5th In motive power engines the arrangement of the valves 11f and G all
operated by crank C as described
6th In motive power engines the electric firing device 6" operated by the driving
piston as described
7th In motive power engines the automatic oiling or lubricating arrangement of
parts d d d d d as described and shown
8th For generating explosive charges for motive power engines the chambers H*
and coils H which may be supplied by a pipe from chamber K or by pipe L'in the
steam generators substantially as and for the purposes set forth
9th For generating steam or gas principally for motive power uses but applicable
also for other purposes, the generators as represented in Figs 15. 16. 17 and 18
supplied with coils L central pipes L' and spaces for heat retaining material or water
spaces substantially as described
In Witness whereof I the said James Graddon have hereunto set my hand
and seal this thirteenth day of June in the year of Our Lord one thousand
eight hundred and eighty three
Signed sealed and delivered
in the presence of
PHILIP M. JUSTICE
55 & 56 Chancery Lane
London
JAMES GRADDON (L.S.)