Hydrocarbon Vapor Generators therefor.
Year: 1885

page_text: Hydrocarbon Vapor Generators therefor.
I WILLIAM HEMINGWAY of 21 St Maur Road Fulham, S.W. in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN REGENERATIVE LAMPS AND BURNERS AND IN HYDROCARBON VAPOR
GENERATORS THEREFOR, to be as follows:-
This invention consists of several developed and improved forms of lamps and
burners and hydrocarbon vapor generators described in the Letters Patent granted.
and forming a supplement thereto.
to me
No 22
1st Jan. 1884
In order that this invention may be better understood and to illustrate the
novelty of the construction of these burners and lamps I will briefly define several
deductions I have drawn from various experiments. These deductions I call laws
and some of which widely differ from the laws on which regenerative burners as
now constructed are founded, several prominent points of departure being pointed
out hereafter.
Law 1. At equal temperatures the illuminating power (of any illuminant gas,
vapor, or liquid) is proportional to the surface and not to the volume of the flame.
(In applying this law, notice must be taken that the illuminants under comparison
are of the same kind, as for instance a heavy hydrocarbon should not be compared
against a light bydrocarbon.)
Law 2. The gas, vapor, or liquid, should be emitted in a steady stream without
any eddies or local currents.
Law 3. The gas or vapor to be of as high a temperature as possible before
combustion.
Law 4. The atmosphere of combustion to be as quiescent as possible the supply
of air being just sufficient or very little more than is necessary for complete
combustion, the flow or current being always in the same direction, so that the
whole of the heat generated may be utilized to raise the temperature of the flame.
[Price 11d1

page_text: Law 5. The air supply to be of a very high temperature so that the gas, or
vapor, is partially held in suspension in the form in which it is emitted for a
sufficient period of time to ensure its complete combustion.
On these laws more or less are based what I call the old, as well as my improved
lamps and burners, an outline description of which is given below.
No 22
My improvements in the burners described in my former patent 1st Jan. 1884
consists of various methods of providing a better air supply more especially to the
top or upper side of the flame, or between the planes where more than one plane is
used. By these improvements they are rendered more applicable as ordinary
burners (but with far more efficiency) and may be used with any sun, chandelier,
gasalier, lamp or globe now in use either pedestal, pendent, or bracket.
My new form of burners are constructed. so that the gas, vapor, or liquid
illuminaut, is made to pass through a series of very fine capillary tubes, or orifices
or a continuous slit or slits, in an horizontal, vertical, or inclined direction, either
in the form of a curved or a flat flame, but preferably in the form of a ring
or rings.
These rings may be of equal or varying diameters, and may be placed concen-
trically with each other in the same plane, or in different planes, the planes also
inay be parallel to, or inclined to each and one another thus making the flame
assume a columnar, conoidal, or disc like form, according to the angle or angles of
the predominating plane or planes, and spreading either in an inward or outward
direction.
For small burners, or those in which the flame is very thin, air need only be
supplied on one side of the flame, though I arrange that it may, or may not, be
supplied on both sides.
Similarly for large lights where several rings are used I arrange that the air
may be only supplied on one, or on both, sides of the flame or between each ring
or plane separately, or every other alternately, or between every two or more, thus
forming one continuous light or an alternating series of discs, conoids, or columns,
single, double, triple; etc, according to the number of planes, and forming a series
of terraces when in the same, or tiers when in different planes.
These terraces or tiers may also be so placed as to form one continuous whole,
in the form of a disc, cone, column, or curve, or so that these several forms may be
separate or combined, thus producing various artistic and beautiful designs entirely
of flame, the forms of these burners being such that they can be made in sizes from
a miniature disc no larger than a small coin up to a ring or disc of flame of any
diameter.
This building up of terraces or tiers (separate or combined) with, or without the
air spaces, also applies to my old form of burners
No 22
1st Jan. 1854
In these capillary burners, the flame is very much thinner than the flame in the
burners now constructed thus giving a much larger illuminating surface for an
equal volume of gas consumed (Law 1).
The gas, vapor, or liquid, transpiring or passing through these capillary orifices,
tubes, or slits, is proportional to the pressure, and is emitted in the form of a
steady stream, current, or sheet, without any eddies or local currents (Law 2).
No 22
The atmosphere, in which the gas is consumed, is rendered nearly quiescent by
the arrangement of the air supply as described in my former patent 1st Jan. 1884
which is improved by regulating the outlet of the products of combustion, and sc
arranging the globes and chimney that they form a siphon, the flow of air through
which will be just sufficient or very little more than is necessary for complete
combustion, whereby the flame will attain an exceedingly high temperature and
become intensely white (Laws 4 and 5); the direction of the flow of air combined
with the velocity and the angle of emission of the illuminant being sufficient to

page_text: give the flame its required shape, though I arrange al o that the porcelain or
platinum discs described in my former patent 1st Jan 18 may, or may not,
be used.
No 22
The more clear and brilliant the flame, the hotter the air or atmosphere becomes,
as it is a well known law in physics that glass is far more diathermanous or
transparent to radiant or luminous than to dark heat. This radiant or luminous
heat consists of at least 10 per cent of the whole heat generated, and is an
important factor in comparatively small lights or burners, but which in every
form of regenerative burner or lamp as now constructed (except those described in
No 22
my former patent 1st Jan. 1884) is entirely wasted.
No 22
The supply of air to the flame is regenerated or heated by causing it to pass
between the globes and chimney (which are sometimes made of metal) as described
in my former patent 1st Jan. 1884; these globes and chimneys have a very large
heating surface but are very thin, thereby reducing the wasted heat to a
minimum.
When the inner globe or chimney is made of clear glass, the radiant or luminous
as well as the dark heat is also utilized to regenerate or heat the air supply, and
thus the clearness and brilliancy of the flame is made to serve the twofold purpose
of illumination and regeneration.
By regulating the inlet of air, and the outlet of the products of combustion, the
lamp is also made to serve the purpose of a reservoir, the capacity of which may
vary according to the conditions required, but such that a molecule of oxygen or
air entering the inlet may be retained in contact first with the hot surfaces of the
globes and finally to the still hotter surface of the chimney; when it is also under
the full influence of the radiant or luminous heat for a sufficient period of time as
to ensure its getting exceedingly hot before it feeds the flame, thereby in great
measure obviating the necessity for the excessive heating surfaces as now provided
in regenerative lamps, as the materials forming such surfaces absorb and waste an
enormous quantity of heat and at the same time make them cumbrous and costly.
These lamps may be used with my old forms or with any other form of burner,
as well as with the burners herein described and may also be used in any position
either horizontal, vertical (or inverted) oblique or pendent, with nearly the same
results as owing to their construction the flow of air is always in the direction
required to give the necessary shape or form to the flame, while the gas supply
may be introduced by a pipe or pipes passing directly through the products of
combustion or in any other way as is thought to be necessary or consistent with
the design or pattern of the lamp.
Regenerative burners as now constructed are of little or no use, for illuminating
purposes when naked in the open air, as the shape of the flame is based entirely
on the velocity and direction of the current given to the air supply by the
regenerative appliances of the lamp with which they are combined, which makes
them of a somewhat cumbrous and costly nature and at the same time if any
untoward accident should happen to these appliances such as the breaking of a
globe they are rendered almost entirely useless.
The burners as herein described however are complete in themselves and may be
used with, or without the regenerative lamp, or instead of or to replace any type
of naked burner either pedestal or pendent, or with any form of gasalier, chandelier,
globe, lamp, or sun, now in use, as nearly perfect combustion ensues in any case,
but the whiteness and purity of the flame is much greater when used in com-
bination with the siphon or regenerative lamp as herein described.
To make each burner complete in itself, and to provide the air spaces as before
described I construct each burner with a large hole or passage through the centre,
or a series of holes or passages, in, or round the centre, or with a slot or slots round
the periphery, each hole, passage, or slot leading into the same, or into a separate

page_text: hood or deflector of such shape or shapes, and placed in such positions as to give
the required form or forms to the flame.
"
My improvements in hydrocarbon and vapor generators consists of a method or
methods to increase the surface for evaporating the oil in the heating chamber
or regulator described in my former patent 1st Jan. 1884
No 22
This I accomplish by
making the spongy or fibrous substance (a piece or pieces of lamp wick for
instance) in the form of a cone, or a series of concentric rings or a spiral, to stand
on edge, each ring or coil being separated by a small annular space or interval
thereby utilizing nearly the whole surface instead of only the top layer for
evaporative purposes.

page_text: Improvements in Regenerative Lamps and Burners and in
:
Hydrocarbon Vapor Generators therefor.
WILLIAM HEMINGWAY, Engineer of 56 St Maur Road, Fulham S.W. in the
County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN REGENERATIVE LAMPS AND BURNERS AND HYDROCARBON VAPOR
GENERATORS THEREFOR and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:―
This invention consists of several developed and improved forms of burners, and
hydrocarbon vapor generators, described in the Letters Patent granted to me
1st Jan. 1884' and forms a supplement thereto.
No 22
The improvements in the burners described in my said former Patent, and which
constitutes my new forms of burners are :-
(a.) Making the gas issue from the burner, in a series of very fine streams or
sheets, with a velocity proportional to the pressure in the supply pipe.
(b.) Providing a better air supply to the top or upper side of the flame, or
between the planes or rings of jets, when more than one plane or ring of jets is used.
The first improvement (a) is attained, by providing each burner with a series of
very fine capillary orifices, 01 of an inch in diameter or less, thereby exposing a
large surface of gas to the oxidizing influence of the atmosphere, and ensuring its
complete combustion. These orifices may have an horizontal, vertical, or inclined
direction, and are arranged in rings, preferably however, they are made to coalesce,
and then assume the form of a continuous slit, the width of which will vary with
the diameter of the burner (generally 004 of an inch). For burners of large size
these slits are made discontinuous, or are replaced by fine orifices-this is a
necessity, dependent and consequent, upon the difficulty of obtaining large masses
of metal or mineral perfectly homogeneous-whereby any distortion from expansion
or contraction, is more or less localized, and the light is not materially affected as
a whole.
Each burner may consist of one or more of these rings of orifices or continuous
slits, if two or more are used, they may be of equal or varying diameters, placed
concentrically with each other in the same plane, or in different planes, thus
forming terraces or tiers of flame. Each ring, or plane, may also be parallel to, or
inclined to the others. For large lights, one or more of these burners are used,
of equal or unequal diameters, and they may be placed in the same plane, or in
different planes, with the flames all coalescing together or being separate from each
other.
In construction, these burners are made of one or more pieces of metal or
mineral, thereby giving considerable latitude for variety of design. When made
of one piece of metal or mineral, they may have either a chamber in the interior
(as in my former burners) or only a plain hole; through the walls of this chamber.
or hole, gas orifices, in the form of continuous slits of various lengths may be cut
with a fine saw or cutter, or a series of fine holes may be drilled. When made in.

page_text: two or more parts, the various pieces of metal or mineral, may be screwed, clamped,
or otherwise fastened together. The part, or parts, forming the gas nipples or
orifices, and which have to withstand a very high temperature, may be made of
platinum, steatite, or other incorrodible and refractory metal or mineral, while the
other parts may be made of any metal or alloy having a fairly high melting
point.
The nipples, when made of steatite or other mineral may be cut out of the solid,
or formed from the powder by pressure (hydraulic or otherwise) and baked or
calcined as required. When made of metal, they may be wrought, cast, stamped, or
spun according to their shapes, and drilled, shaped, cut, sawn, or turned, as is thought
or considered to be desirable. The bodies of these burners are not particularly
confined to one shape, for in "Cross Section" they may be either polygonal or
circular, and in "Longitudinal Section" they may be either spherical or spheroidal,
pyramidal, conical, or curvilinear, or any combination of each or all of these; they
also, may, or may not, terminate with a flaring mouth, bell, or inverted cone, (not
necessarily of exactly the same cross section as the body of the burner) the object
of which is, to collect the air from a larger area than the minimum total cross
section or sections, of the air passage or passages through the burner, thereby
increasing the quantity of air passing through the said passage or passages in a
given time, by increasing its velocity, and obtaining a better supply than would he
obtained, if the cross section or sections of the air passage or passages had the same
area throughout. This flaring mouth, bell, or inverted cone, may also be attached
to, or separate from the burner, or may be dispensed with altogether, as described
hereafter.
The second improvement (b) or providing a better air supply, is attained by
constructing each burner with a large hole or passage through the centre, or a
series of holes or passages in, or round the centre, or with holes or slots round the
periphery. Each hole, passage, or slot may lead into or under a hood or cap, or
between two or more dises or rings of flame. These hoods or caps may form part
of the burner, or be attached thereto in any convenient manner, one or more being
used to each burner as is thought to be desirable, and their shape is such, that in
combination with the angle or angles of emission of the gas (with or without the
deflector) they decide the form or shape the flame will assume which is generally
that of a saucer, globular, or annular ring of light; they also guide the direction of
flow, and form reservoirs, in which to heat or regenerate the air supply; they may
also be extended to form deflectors, or deflectors may be attached to, or be separate
therefrom.
These hoods or caps may also be used with argand and sun burners, thereby
increasing their efficiency.
This latter improvement makes each burner more or less self-contained, so that
they may be used in the open air, though it is preferable in all cases to use a
chimney (glass or otherwise) except in situations where the air is practically
quiescent. They may also be used with any chandelier, gasalier, lamp, or globe
(either pedestal or pendent) now in use, but the full whiteness and purity of the
flame is attained by means of the arrangement of globes and chimneys as described
in my said former Patent, which fully regenerates the air supply by utilizing the
radiant as well as the dark heat, and forms what may be called a siphon lamp, in
which the highly heated column of the products of combustion forms the longer
arm, and the comparatively cool column of air between the globes (the air supply)
forms the shorter arm.
This siphon action is de facto reproduced in miniature in my new burners, and
forms one of their principal features, the highly heated column of the products of
combustion, as before, forming the longer arm, and the comparatively cool column
of air passing through the holes or passages in the burner forming the shorter arm-
the lower edge or rim of the hood or cap being the ridge or depression under
which the air is siphoned; more accurately speaking however, on taking a half
longitudinal section of one of these burners, it is seen to form a double siphon,

page_text: with a configuration somewhat of the form of the letter S lying on, its side, the
difference in level between the upper and lower parts of the two ridges, depending
upon the form of burner and the shape of flame desired.
Wire gauze, or perforated plates, or diaphragms either flat or curved may be
placed below, above, or along the air passage or passages through the burner, and
at the entrance, exit, or any other part of the hoods or caps, so as to equalize the
flow and distribution, and break up any eddies or gusts of air forming the air
supply.
My improvements in hydrocarbon and vapor generators consists in piling or
coiling up the spongy or fibrous substance (a piece or pieces of lamp wick or
asbestos fibres for instance) in the form of a cone, or a series of concentric rings,
or a spiral, each ring or coil being separated by a small annular space or interval,
thereby utilizing nearly the whole surface for evaporative purposes.
In order that my invention may be better understood reference may be made to
the accompanying sheet of Drawings, in each Figure of which like letters refer to
like parts, the arrows in all cases denoting the direction of flow of the current or
currents of air feeding the flame. These burners may all be either pendent or
pedestal as shown on the drawings in several cases.
Figure 1. represents longitudinal sections of two varieties of my improved form
of burners. The left half shows a burner made in two parts, the lower part, or gas
nipple B having a conical shape, the sides of which may form any angle with each
other; through the walls of this cone, one or more series of holes may be drilled at
any distance from the base or apex. The right half shows a burner also made in
two parts, the lower part or gas uipple B forming a hollow cylinder, terminating
with an hemispherical end, this end however may be of any shape either conical,
curved, or flat with the interior either hollow or solid; through the walls of this
chamber B any number of continuous slits are cut, in the case here illustrated,
there would be three such slits..
Figure 2. represents a longitudinal section of a burner with a continuous circular
slit. The continuous slit is formed by making the gas nipple in two distinct
parts B and B. The edges of each nipple, actually forming the walls of the passage
through which the gas exudes, may be made in relief forming raised belts, as narrow
or fine as desirable to facilitate construction, either or both these edges or belts
may also be made curved or spherical, preferably the lower one has a convex
spherical edge, so that any slight movement or displacement from any cause, will
not materially affect the width of the gas passage.
Figure 3 represents an improved form of burner as described and illustrated in
my said former Patent 1st Jan. 1884
No 22
The improvement consists of providing a better air supply to the top or upper
side of the flame, by making an air passage A through the centre of the burner,
the body of which assumes an annular form, the nipples B through which the gas
issues, being exactly the same as before. The air passage A leads into or under
the hood or cap H by means of the spaces between the gas conduits P; these
conduits P connect the body or lower part of the burner with the upper part or
chamber G, which is in communication with the gas supply by a pipe S (shown
pedestal by dotted lines). This chamber G may be of any capacity, and form
a reservoir, in which to heat or regenerate the gas before combustion, it may
also replace the regulator as described in my said former Patent, or it may be
reduced so as to form a mere connection, as shown in Figures 7. 10 and 13. In
this chamber also a valve or stop cock may be placed as described hereafter. The
deflector D (which may or may not be used) is a subsidiary part for regulating the
shape of the flame, it also forms a good reflector.
The steadiness of the flame is ensured, by placing wire gauze perforated plates,
dises or diaphragms X either flat or curved, in any convenient position along the
air passage A, or at the entrance, exit, or any other part of the hood or cap H, to
•

page_text: form barriers and break up any eddies or gusts of air, and equalize its distribution
to the flame.
The cross section of this burner is circular, and its longitudinal section cylindrical,
terminating with a flaring mouth or bell shaped cone R attached thereto.
This cone or bell mouth is also shown as forming an attachment to the burner in
half of Figure 8, the upper burner in Figure 13 and the half of Figure 14.
In the left half of Figure 8 it is shown as separated from the burner altogether,
the base C, of the glass chimney C being curved in a suitable manner to fulfil this
function. While as shown in Figures 5. 12 the lower burner of Figure 13 and the
right hand half of Figure 14 it may be dispensed with altogether, the curved form
of the flame answering the same purpose.
Figure 4. is divided into two parts. The left half represents an ordinary argand
burner B, improved by attaching the hood or cap H thereto; deflecting and causing
the flame to assume a globular or saucer like form. The half on the right, repre-
sents an argand burner with the gas orifices in the side instead of on the top,--
these orifices may be inclined at any angle, with the side and top of the burner
bevilled to suit improved by the addition of the hood or cap H as before.
Figure 5 represents an ordinary argand burner in an inverted position, improved
by the addition of the hood or cap H, as before. These may also have the gas
orifices on the side, or inclined at any angle, with the top and side bevilled to
suit as in Figure 4.
Figure 6 represents a sun-burner improved by providing a better supply of air
to the upper or top side of the flame, by the addition of the hood or cap H
thereto.
Figure 7. represents a form of burner somewhat analagous to Figure 3. The air
passage in this case taking the form of slots in the periphery or spaces left between
the nipples or burners B (more or less inclined to the horizontal). The air passage A
may be distinctly separated from the flame by providing each gas nipple or burner B
with wings W shown in section and plan. These wings in plan may be more or
less rectangular, elliptical, oval, or round, and in section either flat or curved, and
of a width or depth greater or less than the diameter of the burners B, each
alternate nipple or burner also, may be made with either concave or convex ended
wings (shown by dotted lines) so that when the nipples are fixed in position, they
will form a continuous circle or polygon, through the interior of which the air
passes upwards into the hood or cap H, from whence it is directed upon the upper
side of the flame.
Figure 8. represents another form of my improved burners, in which the gas
orifices or nipples B, B, assume the form of annular rings (of metal, steatite or
other mineral) held in positions respectively by any convenient means, such as the
nuts N. N. and forming a continuous slit through which the gas exudes. This
burner also has one large air passage A through the centre, leading into or under
the hood or cap H, by the passages or spaces between the gas conduits P, shown
in section on the plan in Figure 9. One half of this burner is shown with a bell
shaped base or inverted cone R attached thereto, while in the other half the curved
base C₁, of the glass chimney C is constructed to accomplish the same purpose as
hereinbefore described. The rod T shown in cross section on the plan Figure 9.
serves to regulate the supply of gas to the burner, it may also be extended so as
to carry or support the chimney C by the arms or fronds F, or such arms or
fronds F may be attached thereto by screwing or in any other suitable manner, or
they may be carried separately by the bell or cone R, or by any other convenient
part of the burner. This rod T may also form a valve or stopcock, capable of
shutting off the gas supply from the burner altogether, thereby obviating the
necessity of having a separate stop cock on the supply pipe to light up or put out
the gas. The chimney or globe C may be made of glass or any other suitable
material, in one or more pieces or parts. Its shape may vary with the form of
burner used, and may be cylindrical, globular, conical, or curved, in some case; it is

page_text: a plain cylinder of glass like an argand chimney, in others it is globular or conical,
with a more or less curved base. Its length or height will vary with the shape, the
minimum height being such as to give the requisite amount of draught. The object
of using a chimney or globe is to protect the flame from draughts and gusts of air,
to assist in which, wire gauze perforated metal or plates X, either flat or curved,
may be placed in; or situated near the lower opening through which the air for
combustion passes.
Figure 9. represents a sectional plan of the burner in Figure 8. This may also
be taken as a representative plan of the burners shown in Figures 3, 12, the upper
part of Figure 13 and in Figure 14; the only variation being that the continuous
slit between the gas nipples B B., in some cases is replaced by one or more rings of
fine orifices. The left half shows a section through the air spaces and gas conduits P
on line Z Z. The right half shows a section on line Z, Z, and represents a section
of the burner through the nipples B B..
Figure 10 represents another form of my improved burners. The body of this
burner has the form of a conoidal annular ring in the upper part, and terminates
with a bell mouth R. The gas orifices B which in this case are a series of fine holes
are situated near the narrowest part. The interior space A forms the air passage
leading into the hood or cap H which covers the burner entirely. The gas is
supplied to the nipples by the conduits P in connection with the gas supply S, the
dotted outline of a pipe S passing through the centre of the burner showing how it
may be converted into a pedestal burner.
Figure 11 represents a sectional plan of the burner in Figure 10. Three fourths
of this plan shows a section on line Z Z (this part may also be taken as repre-
sentative of the plan of the lower burner in Figure 13), and the other fourth shows
a section on line Z, Z
Figure 12. represents a simple form of my improved burners; the gas nipples B B₂
are constructed in the form of rings leaving a continuous circular slit through
which the gas exudes (although thus shown it is not necessary that B, should
extend the whole length of the body of the burner. The interior orifice A forms
the air passage and leads into or under the hood or cap H by the spaces between
the gas conduits P connecting the nipples with the small reservoir or chamber G,
which is in communication with the gas supply S. The flame in this case also
forms a cone or bell mouth, aiding to collect and increase the velocity of the air
supplied to the upper side of the flame.
Figure 13. represents one half in elevation, the other half in longitudinal section
of one of my new burners for very large lights. This consists of two distinct
burners, one placed slightly above the other (the order shown may be reversed)
forming two tiers of flame. Each burner has its own air passage A, hood H, and
deflector D. The hood H in the lower burner takes an annular form, so as to
interfere with the light from the top or upper burner, as little as possible. In the
upper burner the gas issues through a continuous circular slit formed by the
nipples B. B, while in the lower burner it issues through one or more rings of
discontinuous slits, or one or more series of very fine orifices. The gas supply may
be either pedestal or pendent.
Figure 14 represents two forms of my improved burners on the duplex principle.
On the left side the gas issues through two series of inclined orifices or continuous
slits, with holes or air passages a between them, in addition to the air supply on
the upper side of the flame, by the passage A' and the hood or cap H. On the right
hand side is shown an inverted argand having two concentric burners B, B, with
the annular air space a, through which air is supplied between the flames or rings
of jets, in addition to the air supply on the top or upper side of the flame by the
passage A and the hood or cap H. This duplex system may be applied to any
number of these rings of flame and to any of the burners herein described. It
may also be applied to all burners in which the flame assumes the form of a
saucer shape globular or annular ring of light, whether the main body of air for
combustion is supplied from above or below the lame or a combination of both.

page_text: In conclusion I wish it to be understood that I am aware that so called
regenerative burners have been designed and made with air spaces through the
centre and with a deflector or button at the bottom or lower end of such spaces
and the air drawn downwards from above, but what I have herein described and
claim as of my invention is practically the reciprocal of such burners, which
improves and simplifies their construction; and renders them more generally"
applicable.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare what
I claim is
1. The combination of burners with hoods, as herein described, several modifi-
cations of which are shown in the drawings, whereby the air supply for the top or
upper side of the flame, is drawn upwards, through a passage or passages, in or
round the centre, or a series of slots in the periphery, or between the nipples, such
passages or air spaces leading into, or under, a hood or cap, or between two or more
discs or rings of flame. Each hood or cap of such a shape as to distend the flame
outwards, in an horizontal, vertical, or slightly inclined direction, producing a saucer
shape, globular, or annular ring of light.
2. The combination, as herein described, of an inverted hollow cup, or bell
shaped hood, or cap, with argand burners (either vertical or inverted) whereby the
air supply is regenerated, and caused to distend the flame, producing a saucer shape,
globe or annular ring of light.
3. The combination, as herein described, of an inverted hollow cup, or bell shaped
hood or cap, with sun burners, thereby providing the upper side of the flame with
a better supply of air.
4. The construction of burners of refractory or other material-such as steatite
or platinum having a series of capillary orifices, assuming the form of slits more
or less continuous, or forming a complete circle, as and for the purpose herein
described.
5. Constructing burners-in which the flame assumes the shape of a saucer,
globe, or annular ring of light-on the duplex principle, by dividing the gas supply
into two or more rings, or series of orifices, or continuous slits, and providing
passages for the supply of air, between each, or all, of these rings or slits, in
addition to the supply on the upper and lower sides or surfaces of the flame, as and
for the purpose herein described.
6. The combination of an inverted hollow cup or bell shaped hood or cap, with
burners on the duplex principle-as per Claim 5.-whereby they are rendered
more generally applicable for lighting purposes, as and for the purpose herein
described.