Improvements in the Manufacture of Tyres, Hoops, Washers, and Rings of Steel and other Metal.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVIDIUNAL DIECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Tyres, Hoops, Washers, and
Rings of Steel and other Metal.
I, FREDERICK WILLIAM WALKER, of Hunslet, Leeds, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In my Provisional Specification 29333 in the year 1896 I have described a new
method for the manufacture of tyres, hoops, rings and the like consisting in
expanding the end of a cylindrical ingot or bloom until it fills a cavity of suitable
form in a die containing the ingot or bloom and then forcing back the ingot
or bloom leaving the ring in the cavity of the dic.
My present invention relates to special means and tools for performing these
operations.
I expand the end of the ingot or bloom in the first place by end pressure
applied round its edges only leaving the central portion of the end unpressed,
so a nose or projection is left upon the end of the ingot. The tool which per-
forms this operation has a projecting annular face surrounding a central cavity
and the depth of this cavity regulates the amount of metal which is displaced
by the advance of the face of the tool.
The next operation is to flatten down the portion of metal which previously has
been displaced and to force it more completely into the moulding cavity. The
tool with which this is performed has a flat face and a central hole which admits
through it the nose or projection on the end of the ingot or bloom to which at
this stage no pressure is applied. Next with a flat faced tool pressure is applied
to the nose and the nose is driven back into the ingot or bloom, whereby the
metal is caused to flow in such a way as to completely fill the moulding cavity
of the die. The ring at this stage exists as a flange or collar at the end of the
ingot and the last operation is to detach this from the ingot or bloom, by thrusting
the latter back into the die, punching out the centre of the ring. This is done
by means of a punch like tool of dimensions corresponding to that of the die in
which the ingot or bloom is held.
Sometimes when the work is of large size I so form the tools that instead of
the nose above described an annular ridge is left on the end of the ingot or
bloom, which being afterwards flattened causes the moulding cavity of the die
to be completely filled.
Among the advantages which this method of manufacture presents is that
work is put upon the metal in the direction of the axis of the ring where it most
needs it.
Waste is reduced to a minimum, ring after ring being made in the manner
described so long as sufficient metal remains. The rings are sure to be sound
for the piece finally rejected is that which originally lay around the axis of the

page_text: ingot in which part only unsoundness is liable to exist. Polygonal rings
suitable for heavy nuts may be produced by my invention; also rings with
flanges.
Dated this 20th day of January 1897
Improvements in the Manufacture of Tyres, Hoops, Washers, and
Rings of Steel and other Metal.
i
I, FREDERICK WILLIAM WALKER, of Hunslet, Leeds, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
In my Specification 29333 in the year 1896 I have described a new
method for the manufacture of tyres, hoops, rings and the like consisting in
expanding the end of a cylindrical ingot or bloom until it fills a cavity of suitable
form in a die containing the ingot or bloom and then forcing back the ingot
or bloom leaving the ring in the cavity of the die.
My present invention relates to special means and tools for performing these
operations.
I expand the end of the ingot or bloom in the first place by end pressure
applied round its edges only leaving the central portion of the end unpressed,
so a nose or projection is left upon the end of the ingot. The tool which per-
forms this operation has a projecting annular face surrounding a central cavity
and the depth of this cavity regulates the amount of metal which is displaced
by the advance of the face of the tool.
The next operation is to flatten down the portion of metal which previously has
been displaced and to force it more completely into the moulding cavity. The
tool with which this is performed has a flat face and a central hole which admits
through it the nose or projection on the end of the ingot or bloom to which at
this stage no pressure is applied. Next with a flat faced tool pressure is applied
to the nose and the nose is driven back into the ingot or bloom, whereby the
metal is caused to flow in such a way as to completely fill the moulding cavity
of the die. The ring at this stage exists as a flange or collar at the end of the
ingot and the last operation is to detach this from the ingot or bloom by thrusting
the latter back into the die, punching out the centre of the ring. This is done
by means of a punch like tool (or series of, punch like tools in case it is desirable
to perform the operation in more than one stage) of dimensions corresponding to
those of the die in which the ingot or bloom is held.
Sometimes when the work is of large size I so form the tools that instead of
the nose above described an annular ridge is left on the end of the ingot or
bloom, which being afterwards flattened causes the moulding cavity of the die
to be completely filled.
Among the advantages which this method of manufacture presents is that
work is put upon the metal in the direction of the axis of the ring where it most
needs it.
Waste is reduced to a minimum, ring after ring being made in the manner
described so long as sufficient metal remains. The rings are sure to be sound
for the piece finally rejected is that which originally lay around the axis of the
ingot in which part only unsoundness is liable to exist. Polygonal rings

page_text: suitable for heavy nuts may be produced by my invention; also rings with
flanges.
Figure 1 of the annexed drawings shows a plan partly in section of a machine
suitable to be employed in carrying out my invention.
This machine with its die and moulding cavity forms a part of the subject
matter of my patent No. 29333 in the year 1896.
Figures 2 to 8 show tools which may be employed and successive stages of
the manufacture.
a¹ and a² are two hydraulic cylinders very firmly connected together by tie
rods b b. c and are rams working in these cylinders. d is the ingot or
bloom to be operated upon, it is squeezed between two rams when water under
high pressure is admitted to the cylinders a¹ and a².
:
Suitable valves are provided as is well understood to control the entrance of
the water into and its passage from the cylinders. ce are small pistons con-
nected with the cross-heads of the rams. ff are cylinders in which these pistons
work; water under pressure is constantly supplied to the cylinders f and acting
against the pistons it withdraws the rams when the outlet valves from the main
cylinders a¹ a are open.
g is the die and g¹ is the moulding recess in the mouth of the die. The
moulding recess g₁ may be of any desired form, that shown in the drawing is
adapted to produce a plain ring, but flanged rings as for tyres may be produced
in like manner.
The operations are carried on in the following manner:-The ingot or bloom
suitably heated at one end is brought to the machine and by the ram c¹ it is
thrust into the die g until it rests against the face of the ram & leaving however
sufficient metal projecting from the die to fill the moulding recess gl. Then by
means of a tool h shown in Figure 2 an end pressure is exerted on the ingot or
bloom which brings it approximately to the form shown in Figure 3, the moulding
recess g¹ of the die being imperfectly filled and a projecting button or nose d'
being left upon the ingot. The next operation is illustrated by Figures 4 and 5.
The metal is flattened down into the moulding recess by means of a tool i.
tool leaves the work as represented by Figure 5.
This
The next operation is to press upon the nose or button so as to drive it
back into the ingot or bloom, a flat tool such as is shown in Figure 6 is em-
ployed, by this pressure the nose is driven back into the hottest part of the ingot
or bloom and the metal is caused to flow in such a way that the moulding
cavity g¹ becomes completely filled and the ingot or bloom is left as shown in
Figure 7.
The final operation is indicated by Figure 8, the ram c² is allowed to retire
whilst the ram c¹ with the tool advances; thereby the ingot or bloom is driven
back in the die and the ring in the moulding cavity is detached, the central hole
being formed in it as shown in Figure 8.
It will be observed that the ingot or bloom is now of its original form, its length
only being somewhat decreased. By repeating the operation ring after ring
may be made in like manner until but a short length of ingot or bloom remains.
It may in some cases need more than one operation for the severance of the
ring from the ingot or bloom, then the separation of the ring may be commenced
in the operation illustrated by Figures 6 and 7 or even at an earlier stage.
Sometimes, especially when working ingots or blooms of large diameter, I
commence with a tool such as is shown at m in Figure 2^, in place of the tool h
indicated in Figure 2. I then obtain an annular ridge on the ingot or bloom,
the metal in which is near to the moulding cavity which it has finally to fill.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
--
1. The production of washers, rings, tyres and hoops by placing an ingot or

page_text: bloom in a die, then by pressure applied to the end of the ingot or bloom around
its edges spreading and pressing the metal into a moulding oavity around the
mouth of the die, whilst leaving a nose or projection on the end of the ingot or
bloom, then completely filling the moulding cavity by forcing in the nose or
projection and finally detaching the ring by forcing back the ingot or bloom into
the die.
2. The method of and the tools for the production of washers, rings, tyres
and hoops from an ingot or bloom, substantially as described.
Dated this 9th day of September 1897.