Improvements in the Construction of Springs for Vehicles of all Descriptions.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Feb., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 3rd Nov., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 7th Dec., 188
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of Springs for Vehicles of all
Descriptions.
We, ARTHUR FELTON MULLINER of 83 Bridge Street Northampton in the
county of Northampton, Carriage Builder, and HENRY WILLIAM ROBINSON of
25 St. George's Terrace Northampton in the county of Northampton Dairy
Farmer &c. do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Improvements in the construction of Springs for Vehicles of all descriptions.
This Invention relates to Improvements in the construction of Springs for Carriages
and other vehicles; the object of the Invention being to provide Springs so formed
as to decrease the vibration in the vehicle, when in motion, at the same time ensuring
no rocking action of the Springs sometimes caused by the use of rubber at the
joints.
In one method of carrying out our Invention we proceed as follows,
We form the Spring any desired shape generally that of the "Elliptic," but we
cross the top and bottom plates at either or both ends, the joint or joints being formed
in any convenient way to ensure strength and ease in working.
The top and bottom plates, after crossing, project beyond the said joint or joints,
thus forming a jaw or clip in which we insert a cush of rubber, or any other flexiblo
material; or a coil, or any kind of mechanical spring.
We sometimes provide sufficient substance at the joint or joints, to allow of counter-
sinking on both sides of the Spring, a cone headed rivet being fitted therein, with a
corresponding cone shaped nut on the opposite side. As the Bolt wears by use, theso
being tightened ensure steadiness in the Spring.
Any number of plates can be attached to strengthen the above system of Spring.
For some classes of vehicles where a more pliant Spring is required we proceed
as follows, We take a plate of the spring metal the requisite strength, curved
to the required shape, principally the Elliptic, forming in this case, at either or

page_text: each end of the Elliptic, a Cee or other shaped curve the whole spring being made
with only one weld.
Any number of plates can be attached to strengthen this Spring and in each case a
short plate, coil spring or rubber cush can sometimes be fixed in the curved Cees to
ensure strength and pliancy.
Dated this and day of Flabru 1000
ARTHUR FELTON MULLINER.
HENRY WILLIAM ROBINSON.
Improvements in the Construction of Springs for Vehicles of all
Descriptions.
We, ARTHUR FELTON MULLINER of 83 Bridge Street Northampton in the
County of Northampton, Carriage Builder, and HENRY WILLIAM ROBINSON
25 St. Georges Terrace Northampton in the County of Northampton, Dairy
Farmer &c. do hereby déclare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in the construction of Springs for Carriages
and other vehicles. The object of the invention being to provide springs so formed
as to decrease the vibration in the vehicle when in motion, at the same time insuring
no rocking action of the spring, sometimes caused by the use of rubber at the
joints.
In one method of carrying out our invention we proceed as follows-We form the
spring any desired shape, generally that of the "Eliptic," but we cross the top &
botton plates at either or both ends, the joint or joints being formed in any convenient
way to ensure strength & ease in working. The top and bottom plates, after crossing,
project beyond the said joint or joints thus forming a jaw or clip, in which we insert
a cush of rubber or any other flexible material, or a coil or any form of mechanical
spring. We sometimes provide sufficient substance at the joint or joints to allow of
countersinking on both sides of the springs, a cone headed rivet being fitted therein
with a corresponding cone shaped nut on the opposite side, as the bolt wears by use,
these being tightened ensures steadiness in the spring-any number of plates can be

page_text: attached to strengthen the above system of spring. For some classes of vehicles
where a more pliant spring is required we proceed as follows
We take a plate of the spring metal the requisite strength curved to the required
shape, principally the "Eliptic" forming in this case at either, or each end of the
Eliptic, a Cee, or other shaped curve, the whole spring being made with only one
weld.
Any number of plates can be attached to strengthen this spring and in each case a
short plate coil spring or rubber cush can sometimes be fixed in the curved Cee's
to ensure strength & pliancy.
TH
In order to enable our invention to be more fully understood we will proceed to
explain the same by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 sheet 1 shows
that part of the upper plate of an eliptic spring necessary to explain our invention.
Fig. 2. is the under plate of the same, (similar letters in all the figures represent
similar parts). Fig. 1 consists of a plate of spring metal with the loop A formed
thereon, this loop can be formed by shaping the plate when hot, or it can be manu-
factured separately and welded or fixed thereon; after joining the loop, the end of the
plate is shaped to become the lower part of the projecting jaw or a concave disc is
fixed or rivetted thereon for this purpose. Eig. 2 is the under plate having at that
part where the upper plate passes through the metal formed like 2 bars B B on
each side, bars being bevelled or countersunk from the outside, the end of the plate
being shaped to become the upper concave disc of the projecting jaw, the upper plate
is passed through the opening and the cone headed or other bolt D passed through
the loop A; Fig. 3 sheet 1 is an eliptic spring constructed with the projecting jaws
according to our invention at each end where the springs are to stand at right angles
with the wheels of the Vohicles, the sliding action of the bolt hereafter described can
be used at both ends if desired, but where the springs are to stand parallel with the
wheels it is desirable, that in the foremost, end, the bolt be stationary, the jaws aro
shown with rubber or flexible cushies E E therein, coil or mechanical springs can. be
used if desired; it will be seen that as the weight presses the plates in the centre,
the cone headed bolt slides between the bars B B thus allowing the full pliant nature
of the rubber to be constantly in action. Fig. 4 sheet 2 shows the joint in use at the
front part only with an ordinary Cee spring at the back this form of joint is also
applicable to the back part of other springs where no cross spring is used, as will be
perceived from the illustrations, the upper plate in this case becomes a substitute for
the ordinary scrolliron and is attached to the Vehicle by one or more eyes F F fixed
thereon at that part where the plate passes through the eyes it is formed either round
with a grove cut therein or in any degree angular, to prevent any tendency to turn;
the eyes, being shaped the same as the section of the plate, a coil spring G is placed
round, also at this point as the under plate of the spring lengthens by compression,
the upper plate slides in the aforesaid eyes, to correspond thereto. Fig. 5 sheet 3 is
the spring for lighter Vehicles where a more pliant spring is required this is formed
of a plate of metal of the required strength having the Cee or other shaped curves
at each or either end; it is shown in the drawings with coil springs in the curves,
these can either be substituted or assisted by flexible cushes placed either in the
curves or at or about the point marked H, short plate or plates can be used in the
curves if necessary, or in place of the coil springs or cushes: Fig. 6 shows this form,
as a back spring for cabs or Broughams &c., any number of plates can be used to
strengthen the springs hereto before described respectively if required.
Fig. 3A Sheet 1 shows the bolts, stationary or fixed.
Having now particularly described & ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is-
1st. The manufacture and use of springs of vehicles formed in the cliptic or other
known shape, but having the upper and lower plates thereof crossed at one or both
ends, and the said plates projecting beyond the point crossed, to form a jaw or clip,
the bolt or rivet connecting the plates having a stationary or a sliding action, with a

page_text: cush of rubber or other flexible material or a coil or other form of mechanical spring
fixed in the jaw or clip thus formed.
2nd. The jaw or clip having the upper plate or part thereof formed of iron or
other metal, to substitute the ordinary scroll iron and having a sliding movement in
eye, or eyes, fixed to the vehicle, the eye or eyes and that portion of the plate or
scroll iron sliding therein being so formed to prevent turning the jaw or clip, having
fixed therein the rubber or flexible cush or coil or other spring.
3rd. The more pliant spring constructed by shaping a plate of spring metal in the
eliptic or other shape having a Cee or other shaped curve at each or either end,
being supported by coil springs or short plates, or flexible cushs in the curves, or at
the part shown in Fig. 6 marked H.
4th. The improved springs being substantially as, and, for the purposes herein
before described and represented in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 2nd day of November 1888.
ARTHUR FELTON MULLINER.
HENRY WILLIAM ROBINSON.