Improvements in Phonographs.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Sept., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 1st July, 1889-Accepted, 3rd Aug., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Phonographs.
I, GEORGE EDWARD GOURAUD, of Little Menlo, Beulah Hill, Upper Norwood, in
the County of Surrey, late Colonel in the United States Army, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention (a communication to ine from abroad by Thomas Alva Edison,
of Llewellyn Park, in the County of Essex and State of New Jersey, one of the United
States of America) to be as follows:-
The improvements constituting this invention are applicable to phonographs of the
kind (amongst others) described in the Provisional Specification which accompanied
my application for Letters Patent filed 14th December, 1887, No. 17,175; the object
thereof being to render such apparatus more efficient in operation and convenient
in uso.
Instead of mounting the shaft carrying the phonogram-cylinder as described in my
aforesaid previous Provisional Specification, the said shaft is mounted between centres,
one of which is carried by a swinging arm capable of being turned aside, so as to
expose the extremity of the phonogram-cylinder and to permit of its being readily
removed and of another phonogram-blank being substituted.
The electric motor used for driving the phonograph-shaft is a multipolar electro-
dynamic motor having a fly-wheel ring armature. Its shaft is vertical and is stepped
on a jewel, and the power is transmitted from it to the horizontal phonograph-shaft
by an endless helt running over guide-pulleys which serve to change the direction
of its motion. The speed of the motor is controlled by an adjustable governor which
pormits of various speeds being employed. Centrifugal balls control a circuit to an
electro-magnet, which in turn controls the armature-circuit of the motor; the field
of the motor being in a separate circuit not acted on by the governor.
There are also employed a feed-screw for foeding the recorder or reproducer
forward, and a reversing screw for setting the reproducer back to repeat the record
or a portion thereof. The traveller-arm is adapted to engage either screw at the
will of the operator. A turning bar with a straight edge acts to lift the rocking
holding arm which carries the recorder and reproducer simultaneously. It is turned
by a cam-movement operated manually or by a treadle.
Dated this 24th day of August 1888.
G. G. M. HARDINGHAM,
191, Fleet Street, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Phonographs.
1, GEORGE EDWARD GOURAUD, of Little Menlo, Beulah Hill, in the County of
Surrey, late Colonel in the United States Army, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention (a communication to me from abroad by Thomas Alva Edison, of
Llewellyn Park, in the County of Essex and State of New Jersey, one of the United
States of America,) and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The apparatus, commonly called the phonograph, by means of which it is possible
to record waves produced in the air by the utterances of the human voice, or by any
other source of sound, and to reproduce those sounds, is now so very generally known,
that it is probably unnecessary to give any description of it in this specification. but to
render untenable any conplaint that this specification is insufficient, it is deemed

page_text: .
well to say that such an apparatus is, so far as regards its leading features, commonly
constructed and that it operates substantially as follows:-
The waves produced in the air, by a speaker's voice or other source of sound, are
caused to impinge upon a diaphragm called the recording diaphragm, which diaphragm
is supported by the frame surrounding one of two apertures or eyes of a part called the
spectacle-frame. The recording diaphragm is so connected to a part called the
recording style that when the diaphragm is thrown into vibration by the sound waves,
the recording style is correspondingly moved by the diaphragm. This style operates
upon a suitable surface, kept in continued motion, in such manner as to form in
that surface, a record of the waves that operate on the diaphragm. The surface is
commonly carried on a cylinder wbich is kept during the 'working of the phonograph
in continuous uniform rotation while at the same time a continuous uniform
end way movement between the recording style and the cylinder is kept up either by
the end way movement being imparted to the cylinder or by its being imparted to a
carriage which supports the spectacle-frame, which frame as already stated carries
the recording diaphragm, and the recording style.
By the combined action of the movement of rotation, and of the end way move-
ment, the record is made upon the surface in a regular helical form. The spectacle-
frame is provided with a bored socket which surrounds a turned pin on the carriage
before mentioned; it is also, as its name would imply, provided with a second frame
surrounding a second aperture or eye, in which is placed a diaphragm called the
reproducing diaphragm. This diaphragm is so connected to an implement (hereinafter
called the reproducing implement) that, on that implement, being moved, corresponding
motions are imparted to the reproducing diaphragm, and by it waves are generated
in the air.
When it is desired to take a record of sound, the spectacle-frame is so turned
upon its supporting pin, that the eye, containing the recording diaphragm, is brought
into the proper position for the recording style to operate upon the surface
receiving the record, (the other or reproducing eye being at that time removed
from the neighbourhood of that surface,) and then the motion of revolution and the
end way motion being set up, and continued by appropriate means, and on speech
being uttered to the recording diaphragm, the recording style makes the record in
the surface provided to receive it, and continues to do so until the speech or other
source of sound cease, or until the surface receiving the record is filled therewith.
When it is dosired to reproduce from this record the sounds that had produced it,
the spectacle-frame is swung partially around the pin which carries it so as to throw
the recording eye with its diaphragm away from the neighbourhood of the surface
which had received the record, and so as to bring the reproducing eye with its
diaphragm into the position which had been occupied by the recording eye and
diaphragm.
The reproducing implement being placed in the line of the helical record which
had been made by the recording style and the two motions being again given, the
reproducing implement is caused by the record to make vibrations similar to those
which produced the record, and this implement, as has already been said, gives
corresponding movements to the reproducing diaphragm, and thus sets up waves in
the air similar to those which had been generated by the voice, or other sound, in the
first instance, and these similar waves become audible in the reproduction of the
original sound.
The surface to receive the record is of a suitable character to be properly operated
upon by the recording style, and is made separate from the revolving cylinder, on to
which it is temporarily fixed, so as to admit of that cylinder being clothed with fresh
surfaces.
This invention relates to improvements in the mechanism of phonographs, whereby
they are rendered more convenient and effective in operation. The shaft carrying the
phonogram-cylinder is mounted in centres, one of which is carried by a swinging
arm to expose the end of the phonogram-cylinder for permitting the removal and
replacement of the phonogram-blank. The electric motor used for driving the

page_text: phonograph-shaft is a multipolar electro-dynamic motor having a fly-wheel ring
armature. Its shaft is vertical and is stepped on a jewel, and the power is transmitted
from it to the horizontal phonograph-shaft by an endless belt with guide-pulleys to
change the direction of the motion. The speed of the motor is controlled by an
adjustable governor so that various speeds can be secured. Centrifugal balls control
the circuit to an electro-magnet which controls the armature circuit of the motor, the
field magnets of the motor being in a separate circuit not acted on by the governor.
The machine has a feeding screw for feeding the recorder or reproducer forward,
as well as a reversing screw for setting the reproducer back to repeat. The traveller-
arm is adapted to engage with either screw at the will of the operator. A turning
bar with a straight edge acts to lift the travelling arm and the rocking holding arm,
which carries the recorder and reproducer, simultaneously. It is turned by a cam
movement worked by the fingers of the operator or by means of a treadle.
In the accompanying drawings, Fig. I is a front elevation of the complete machine
with a portion of the case broken away to show the driving motor; Fig. 2 is a top
view of the complete machine Fig. 3 is a top view of the phonograph proper on a
somewhat larger scale, the driving and governing devices being omitted; Fig. 4 is a
sectional view illustrating the movable center for supporting the outer end of the
phonogram-cylinder carrying shaft; Fig. 5 is an end view of the phonograph;
Fig. 6 is a sectional view showing the traveller-arm and connected parts; Fig. 7 is a
top view and Fig. 8 a sectional view of the driving motor; Fig. 9 is an end
elevation of the speed governor; Fig. 10 is an elevation and partial section of the
governor taken at right angles to Fig. 9; Fig. 11 is a top view of the contact-arm of
the governor and Fig. 12 is a view, principally in diagram, showing the circuit
connections of the electric motor and governor.
A screw passing through a part of the frame
A sets
A is the frame of the phonograph proper, which is mounted upon a box B placed
upon a suitable base C. The frame A projects from one end of the box B over a
receptacle A³, which stands upon the base under the overhanging phonograph-frame
and receives the shavings which are cut from the phonogram-cylinder. Between the
phonograph-frame A and the box B are placed cushions a of clastic material, such
as soft rubber, which, to the desired extent, prevents the vibrations of the motor
contained within the box B from being transferred to the phonograph-frame to the
injury of the recording or to that of the reproduction of the sounds. The frame A
is secured to the box B'by means of screws which pass through slotted lugs on
the frame A into the top of the box B. Lugs on the box B rise up on each side
of the hottom edge of the frame A so as to hold such frame against lateral
displacement.
against a lug c on the box B (shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1). The screw c
serves to adjust the frame A on the box B for the purpose of tightening the
driving belt, as will be presently explained. The lugs are slotted to permit
this movement to take place; the screws being tightened after the proper adjustment
of the driving belt has been obtained. D is the shaft of the phonograph, which
This shaft is held
is arranged horizontally and longitudinally upon the frame A.
upon non-revolving centers, so that it may turn truly, and, to afford means for
compensating for wear, there is at the left-hand end of the frame A a standard & through
which passes the adjustable and removable centering pin d; the latter being held by
a set-screw in the top of the standard d. At the right-hand end of the phonograph-
shaft D, the other centering pin e is carried by a swinging arm D'. This swinging
arm D is pivoted at one end upon a side extension A of the frame A; it being at
the other end removably attached to a side extension A2 of the frame A by means
of a bolte and thumb-nut e. The bolt e' is pivoted on the end of the side extension A²
of the frame A so as (see Fig. 5) to swing vertically. It enters a slot in the end of
be
the swinging arm 11. By loosening the nut e², the bolt e¹
downwardly
may swung
out of the slot e³, whereupon the arin D₁ may be turned upon its pivot to expose the
right-hand end of the phonograph-shaft D. Upon swinging the arm D₁ inwardly,
the center e will engage properly with the end of the shaft D. By lifting the bolt e
and tightening the thumb-nut e, the arm D¹ may be fastened rigidly against the end

page_text: of the side extension A³ of the frame A. To prevent too great a displacement of the
shaft when the arm D¹ is swung outwardly, the shaft D passes through a slotted
standard d³, which is carried by the frame A and loosely encircles the shaft D. Longi-
tudinal displacement of the latter is prevented by means of the pulley E, which is
secured to the left-hand end of the shaft D and extends below the top of the frame A,
so that, when the arm D₁ is swung outwardly, the pulley E prevents the total
disengagement of the left-hand end of the shaft from the center by reason of its
impingement against the frame A. The center e is a pin passing through the arm D¹
and adjusted by means of a screw in the arm D. The head of the screw fis
formed with a Hange f¹, which engages with a slot in the side of the pin e. By
turning the screw f, it will be seen the center-pin e may be adjusted without being
turned the turning of the center-pin might disturb the relative adjustment of the
parts. Upon the shaft D between the standard d³ and the swinging arm D is mounted
the phonogram-cylinder F. This so-called cylinder has preferably a slight taper on
its external surface, its smaller end being at the outer end of the shaft. The
standard d is at the end of the top plate of the frame A, the extension of such
frame beyond the box B being effected by the side-bars A¹ A2. The phonogram-
cylinder F, being located between the side-bars A¹ A, overhangs the frame, a clear
space being left beneath the cylinder through which the cuttings from the blank drop
into the receptacle A³. The taper cylinder F is adapted to receive a cylindrical
phonogram-blank F1, which has a taper bore to fit the surface of the so-called cylinder.
On swinging the arm D₁ outwardly, the phonogram-blank F1 may be removed from
or may be placed upon the cylinder. To stiffen the side-bars A¹ A² and prevent a
vibrating action which would injure the record, such side-bars are connected at their
outer ends by a cross-bar A, the latter curving downwardly out of the way so as not
to interfere with the manipulations of the blanks. G is a stationary rod mounted in
standards on the frame A and the side-bar A' in rear of and parallel with the shaft 1.
The rod G carries a sleeve G¹ adapted to slide and turn freely thereon; and capable
of a longitudinal movement at least equal to the length of the phonogram-cylinder F.
Secured to the right-hand end of the sleeve G is the rocking holding arm H, which
is rigidly fixed to the said sleeve and projects upwards and forwards over the top of
the phonogram-cylinder. On its upper end, which is made into a circular pin, the
rocking holding arm H carries the swinging spectacle-frame H', which is so pivoted
on the cylindrical pin to the said rocking holding arm as to be capable of swinging
laterally across it. A spring-pin g, having a bevelled end, enters bevelled slots
the hub of the spectacle-frame, so as to hold the spectacle-frame by spring pressure at
either limit of its swinging movement. The eyes of the spectacle-frame carry the
recorder H2 and the reproducer H³, which are brought alternately into operative
relation with the surface of the phonogram-blank by the swinging of the spectacle-
frame. The head of the rocking holding arm H is provided with laterally-extending
arms through which pass set-screws gt go. These set-screws limit the movement
of the spectacle-frame when it is swung in either direction, whereby the recorder or
the reproducer is readily brought into the desired relative position with regard to the
surface of the blank. The screw g* serves in respect of the reproducer, so that the
reproducing point may be adjusted laterally across the track of the record until in
the best position for reproducing the sounds, which may be determined by listening
to the instrument. The screw serves to adjust the position of the recorder so as to
enable a double record to be produced upon the same blank in parallel spiral lines.
It is evident that, if the recording point be narrow relatively to the feeding movement,
the width of the spaces between the lines of the spiral record may be as great or
greater than that of the track of the record itself. If such be the case, the unoccupied
spaces between the lines of the record may be utilized for producing a second record.
The screw g enables the operator to so adjust the recording point as to track in the
spaces between the lines of the first record; the screw 9 enabling the operator to so
adjust the reproducer as to track on either record. The eyes of the spectacle-frame
are provided with fingers h, through which pass the adjusting screws ; the latter
bear upon the guide-rest I, which is secured to the side-har A³ in front of the
in

page_text: phonogram-cylinder and parallel with its axis. The bearing of either adjusting
screw upon the straight guide-rest I ensures that the advance of the recorder or of
the reproducer, as the case may be shall be in a straight line along the surface of the
blank. The ends of the adjusting screws which come into contact with the guide-
rest I are enlarged so as to overlap the said guide-rest for a purpose which will be
presently explained. Upon the left-hand end of the sleeve G' is mounted a traveller-
arm I', which is adapted to turn freely on the said sleeve; this traveller arm being
secured from coming off endway by means of a circumferential groove and a garter
pin (or other suitable provision) not shown on the drawings. The traveller-arm
projects forward over the shaft D between the standard d³ and the pulley E. A
section of a nut is attached removably to the lower edge of the arm and engages
with a fine screw-thread ³ cut upon the shaft D. The nut-section is secured to the
traveller-arm I by means of screws as shown, so that it may be readily replaced when
worn out; it is also made removable so that it can be made of steel and have a finely
cut screw-surface. The traveller-arm itself may be of cast iron. It projects over
and in front of the shaft D, and at its front end is provided with a downwardly-
projecting finger i (see Fig. 6) having its lower end turned upwardly to form a
hook, the end of which terminates in a knife-edge and engages with the uuder side
of a screw-shaft I mounted in standards on the top plate of the frame A in front of
and parallel with the screw-threaded part of the shaft 1). The shaft I2 is provided
with a screw-thread 2, which is coarser than the screw-thread h³. The function of
the screw-throad is to move the traveller-arm backwards with a speed which is
greater than the forward movement given to the traveller-arm by the screw-thrend h³.
The screw-thread in section resembles the teeth of a ratchet-wheel, so that it may
engage effectively with the hooked end of the finger i and move the traveller-arm
backwards without setting up such an amount of friction as would result were the
screw-thread bevelled equally in opposite directions. The shaft I2 is driven from tlie
shaft D by means of a belt I³ passing over a small pulley on each shaft. A lugj
(which I prefer to make as a clip so as to be adjustable) on the sleeve G engages
with a lug on the hub of the traveller-arm I' upon the sleeve G₁ being turned back
to the limit of its turning movement. This limit is determined by a finger (on
the rocking holding arm) which strikes the edge of the frame A or the side-bar A¹
when the spectacle-frame is thrown backwards over center, so that the parts may be
maintained in the elevated position. The lug j does not strike the lug until the
limit of movement is nearly reached; the effect being to just lift the nut-section h²
away from the screw-thread without causing the point of the finger i to engage
with the reversing thread. Before the limit of the lifting movement of the spectacle-
frame is nearly reached, such movement does not affect the traveller-arm. In front
of the guide-rest I and the reversing shaft 12, and extending the entire length of
the frame A and the side-bar A², is a turning guide-bar J, which is pivoted in
lugs projecting from the frame. The bar J is held eccentrically between
centers which pass through the lugs j* and engage with the outer edges of the
ends of the bar. The inner edge () of the bar Jis straight and the enlarged ends
of the adjusting screw together with the projection (Fig. 6) on the finger i project
thereover. To one end of the bar J are secured two fingers kk' (Figs. 1 and 6) between
which plays a cam k secured to the end of a turning stud (Figs. 1 and 3) furnished
with a milled head thumb-piece. A spring k pulls the finger k against the cam k³,
thus throwing the straight edge downwards. The function of the cam 2 is to turn the
bar J and lift the edge against the tension of the spring *. For this purpose, the cam k
is provided with two projections ko, the one (k) being less than the other (*).
Upon turning the cam by means of the thumb-piece, the bar J is turned and the
edge lifted by two successive movements. The first movement, the one produced
by the projection, lifts the spectacle-frame until the recorder or the reproducer is
disengaged from the surface of the blank and the nut-section is withdrawn from the
feeding screw h³; the further feeding of the spectacle-frame being thereby stopped.
The clearance between the edge and the shoulder j is slightly greater than that
between the edge j' and the adjusting screw ', so that the recorder or the reproducer

page_text: .
may be disengaged from the surface of the blank before the nut-section is withdrawn
from the feed-screw; injury to the blank or the record thereon being thus prevented.
The second movement, that produced by the projection 2, simultaneously raises the
spectacle-frame and the traveller-arm to a further extent, thereby throwing the point i¹
of the finger i into engagement with the reversing screw 1; the effect being to
reverse the movement of the spectacle-frame, so that, in reproducing, the matter may
be repeated to any desired extent. An arm m (Figs. 3 and 5) may be attached to the
turning bar J and connected by a cord or wire with a treadle so that the move-
ments of the bar J may be produced by the foot of the operator. A scale K is fitted
to the front of the bar J and pointers m' are secured to fingers and project down in
front of the scale so that the relative, position of the recorder or the reproducer with
respect to the surface of the phonogram-blank may be determined. An adjustable
knife L (Fig. 5) is pivoted to the rocking holding arm H for the purpose of turning
off the surface of the blank. The swinging arm D1 is provided with a flange m
(Fig. 4) which projects inwardly around the center-pin e, enters the end of the
phonogram-cylinder F and acts as a guard to the center-pin; thus preventing the
material cut from the blank entering the space around the center and gumming up
the bearing. A guard-plate m³ (Fig. 5) is attached to the side-bar A¹ in rear of the
phonogram-cylinder so as to conduct the shavings cut from the blank into the
receptacle A.
The
For driving the phonograph, it is preferred to employ an electric motor enclosed in
the box B, the armature M of the motor being mounted on a vertical shaft M', which
passes through the top plate of the box, above which it is provided with a pulley n.
An endless helt passes around the pulley n and under two guide-pulleys n³ ³
which are held between centers in the frame A near the lower edge of the pulley E.
The horizontal shaft D of the phonograph is thus driven from the vertical shaft M¹
of the motor through an endless helt arranged partly in a horizontal and partly in
a vertical plane, this being accomplished by means of the guide-pulleys n³ ³. It will
be seen that by adjusting the set-screw c (Fig. 1) any desired tension may be given
to the belt n¹. The electric motor employed in a multipolar motor having four field
magnet poles o o¹ o o'. These poles project upwards from a four-armed plate M².
The armature M revolves above the plate M2, the arms of the latter being wound with
the field magnet wire. The plate M is supported from the bottom of the box B by
suitable legs o and is steadied from the top plate of the box B by studs o."
vertical shaft M is stepped in the center of the plate M2, through which a hole is cut
so that a metal block p carrying on its upper end a flat plate p' may be introduced
from the under side. The plug-step is adjusted by means of a screw p² entering the
bottom of the plate M2; one side of the head of the screw bearing on the plug p, so that
by turning the screw the plug p can be adjusted. The point of the lower end of the
shaft M is rounded where it rests on the agate pl; the shaft above the agate being
surrounded by a bush p' of brass or other suitable material. The upper extremity of
the shaft is held by a center-pin . The commutator brushes of the motor are
marked N N'. An oil-tube N' extends from the top plate of the box B down to the
step-bearing of the motor-shaft. The armature of the motor is a Gramme ring, which
is secured to a hub on the shaft by means of three layers of wood 0 0' 02, which are
so placed that the grain of the middle layer is at right-angles to the grain of the two
outside layers. This ring armature is of considerable size, so that it may act as a fly-
wheel and have a considerable surface velocity with a relatively low axle speed. The
.motor employed, being an electro-dynamic motor, has a high degree of efficiency,
which is increased by the fact that it is a multipolar motor, since the magnetism has a
shorter distance to travel through the iron of the armature and a more intense field is
produced. With the fly-wheel form of armature, it would not be possible to get so
intense a field nor one so uniform with a field magnet having only two poles. It has
also been found that by using a motor with a vertical shaft, (as in the specification of
my Patent of 14th December, 1887, No. 17,175,) less power is required in the driving
battery than when the motor is mounted on a horizontal shaft. The motor when
properly balanced on the jewel step requires very little power to drive it.

page_text: To control the speed of the motor and
7"
tend to make it uniform, a governor is
provided. This governor has a shaft P which is driven by an endless belt q (Figs. 1
and 2) from a pulley on the motor shaft. Centrifugal balls P¹ P² are secured to
springs (Fig. 10), which are attached at their upper ends to the shaft P and at
their lower ends support a plate P. The latter surrounds the shaft P and is raiso
and lowered through the medium of the springs q¹ q' by the centrifugal balls P' P².
The shaft P is a vertical shaft stepped at its lower end on the flat agate q³ and held
at its upper end by a center-pin q. The movement of the plate P3 by the governor-
balls serves to make and break the circuit between the two springs (Figs. 10
to 12) which are held by a pivoted lever Q adjusted by means of a screw Q₁ turning
in a suitable support and passing through the end of the lever aforesaid. The lower
extremity of the screw Q is provided with a nut above which a spring ² is arranged
in order to prevent loss of motion between the screw and the lever Q. By
adjusting the inclination of the lever Q, the point at which the plate P' touches the
springs is varied. Inasmuch as this point is the one at which the speed of the
desired when
motor is checked, it follows that the speed may be varied as
reproducing sounds from the phonogram-blanks. The speed at which the sound-
record was made should be indicated upon the blank and the machine may then be sot
for that speed. The hoad Q of the screw Q¹ is provided with a suitable index, as
shown in Fig. 2, by means of which and the pointer (Fig. 1) the adjustment of
the governor may be determined. R-is an electro-magnet whose armature R' breaks
the circuit at its back point ; the armature being retracted by a spring. Tho
electric connections of the motor and the governor are illustrated in Fig. 12, in
which 1 and 2 represent the wires from the battery, or other source of electrical
energy, leading to the binding posts 3 and 4; these being located upon the box B.
From the binding post 4, a wire 5 passes to the field magnet of the motor and from
thence to the plate 6 of a plug-switch. From the binding post 4 also extends a wire 7
connected to the frame of the magnet R and hence to its armature R. From the
insulated back point of the magnet a wire S passes to the armature M of the motor
and thence to the plate 6 of the plug-switch; also extending from the binding post 4
is a wire 9 which includes the coils of the magnet R and thence passes to the spring r
at which the wire is broken. The wire 9 is continued, however, from the spring to
the plate 6 of the plug-switch. From the plate 10 of the plug-switch a return wire 11
is run back to the binding post 3. It will be seen that the armature of the motor, its
field magnet and the magnet R are in three separate multiple arc circuits from the
battery. The circuit of the field magnet is never opened except at the plug-switch,
which opens all the circuits at once. The circuit of the armature of the motor is,
however, opened whenever the magnet R moves its armature R¹ off the back point
The magnet R is wound to a high resistance and is extremely sensitive in its action,
so that, the instant the circuit to this magnet is closed by the plate P³ touching the
springs, the magnet acts and opens the circuit of the armature. This makes a
much more sensitive governing device than if it were attempted to control the circuit
of the armature by means of the governor directly. The field magnet circuit of the
motor not being opened by the governor, the spark which would be caused by the
discharge of the field magnets will not be present.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I claim :-
1. In a phonograph, the combination with the phonogram-cylinder and its shaft
mounted between centers (one of which centers is movable to expose the end of the
cylinder) of the driving motor having its spindle borne on a toe-step, the connecting
belt and the governor substantially as herein described.
2. In a phonograph, the combination, with the feeding and reversing screws, (the
rocking holding arm carrying the recorder and reproducer and the traveller-arm being
adapted to engage with either of the said screws), of the turning lifting bar engaging
with both arms and the cam or treadle for operating the said bar, substantially as
herein described.

page_text: 3. The improved construction of recording and reproducing phonograph, substantially
as herein described.
Dated this 29th day of June 1889.
G. G. M. HARDINGHAM,
191, Fleet Street, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicant.