A NEW OR IMPROVED STOVE SUITABLE FOR ORDINARY APARTMENTS, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR COOKING PURPOSES, AND FOR HEATING ONE, Two, OR MORE APARTMENTS BESIDES PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Martin Westmacott, of No. 11, Bridge Street, in
the City of Westminster, for an Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED STOVE
SUITABLE FOR ORDINARY APARTMENTS, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR COOKING
PURPOSES, AND FOR HEATING ONE, Two, OR MORE APARTMENTS BESIDES
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Martin Westmacott
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th October 1880.
CHARLES MARTIN WESTMACOTT, of No. 11, Bridge Street, in the City of West-
minster. "A NEW OR IMPROVED STOVE SUITABLE FOR ORDINARY APARTMENTS,
APPLICABLE ALSO FOR COOKING PURPOSES, AND FOR HEATING ONE, Two, or
MORE APARTMENTS BESIDES THAT IN WHICH IT IS PLACED, AND ALSO HALLS AND
PUBLIC BUILDINGS."
My Invention relates to an improved construction of stove by which the heat
generated by the combustion of the fuel is utilized to a much greater extent than
in any heretofore in use, while at the same time a great economy is effected by the
more perfect combustion, so that the greater part of the smoke is consumed, and
the down draught being prevented, a smoky chimney is avoided.
In the recess usually occupied by the ordinary house stove, or register, or
kitchen range, I place upon the hearth or floor a cast iron hollow chamber of such
form as to extend to a certain height along the back and sides of the said recess
and to leave a space open in the front. In this space I place a grate of a shape
corresponding to the space thus left, and this grate has bars both at its front,
bottom, back, and sides, and is of such a size relatively to the said space as to
leave air spaces or channels between its back and sides and the hollow chamber,
and its top bars do not reach to the height of the top of the hollow chamber.
All
the bars hereinabove spoken of are fixed bars, and beneath the bars at bottom of
grate I place another and moveable set of bars of such a corresponding form or
shape that when actuated by a lever or other arrangement they can be made to
close or partially close the apertures left between the bottom bars, so that the rate
of combustion may be thereby regulated and the stove used as may be required
either for quick or slow combustion.

page_text: I place upon the hollow chamber a plate of iron in such manner as to cover the
space over and above the grate. This plate has holes or openings at its ends
where it approaches the sides of the hollow chamber. These openings are for the
purpose of admitting the smoke from the fire, the plate diverting it from ascending
in the usual manner.
When this stove is used for cooking purposes the central part of this plate (that
part directly over the fire) is provided with a lid hinged to its back part. This
lid bas circular openings to receive saucepans, kettles, or stewpans, and these
openings are provided with covers.
When not in use for cooking and a more open fire is required the lid can be
thrown back on its hinges.
I construct the upper part of the stove with two curved flues, one flue arising
from the opening at right hand side of the plate and the other arising from
opening at left hand side of the plate. I contract the openings of these flues
towards their upper part, and I there provide a damper. The form of these flues
leaves a semicircular recess over the plate hereinbefore mentioned as above the grate.
I enclose this semicircular space or recess at the back, and at the front I place a
slide or door. The space thus enclosed forms an oven, and when the front slide or
door is opened the space can be utilized for boiling purposes.
The stove is
obviously always available for roasting purposes, the form of grate being well
adapted for that purpose. The damper can be used when it is necessary to clean
the chimney and to admit the smoke vertically when the hinged lid in plate is
thrown back. I provide this plate beneath at front with a vertical depending
flange in order to guide the smoke into the curved flues.
When used for cooking purposes, and at other times if desired, the hollow
chamber can be utilized as a boiler, the current of air between it and the grate
preventing any possibility of the hollow chamber overheating and cracking. Coal,
coke, peat, wood, or other fuel, can be used in the grate, and it can be arranged
also to burn gas.
This stove may be so adapted as to be used as what is known as a sanitary
stove, or stove to supply pure warm air to one or more rooms.
In this case I
admit air from the external atmosphere, in some cases by one tube only, but I
prefer to lead one tube independently to each heating chamber or part of the stove;
for example, one tube to the hollow chamber, one to the semicircular enclosed
space, and one tube each to four hollow spaces, which hollow spaces I form as
follows, namely, two hollow spaces, oue below each flue, each about two inches
below its flue, and following the semicircular form of the same, and two hollow
spaces, one above each flue. I admit the air by having circular hollow spaces in
front of the stove, through which the supply of air is regulated by valves or other
means into the heating spaces or chambers. The air thus heated may or may not
discharge into a box above, such box occupying the right and left spaces above the
flues, and an air chamber. From this box or upper chamber, or from the circular
hollow chambers, pipes or air flues are conducted to the various rooms or apart-
ments to be heated. The outlet for these pipes in each room is provided with a
valve door or some similar arrangement so as to admit the air, regulate its supply,
or stop it as may be required, and the outlet may be regulated in a like tuanner.
I construct a stove suitable, for example, as alal stove for standing
independently and not in a recess in the following manner:-I make the grate so
that it shall show the fire either front and back or on three, four, or more sides,
and in the latter case I provide tubes, say, at the corners or angles, for the supply
of the air. In some cases, where it is not admissible to have a pipe above to carry
off the products of combustion, I lead a pipe or flue from the circular flues down-
wards through the fire grate and thence to an exit or passage for the escape of the
heated currents.
In the construction of the stoves I term sanitary stoves I prefer to use in a great
measure ceramic ware instead of metal.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Charles Martin Westmacott in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 30th April 1881.
CHARLES MARTIN WESTMACOTT, of No. 11, Bridge Street, in the City of West-
Ininster. "A NEW OR IMPROVED STOVE SUITABLE FOR ORDINARY APARTMENTS,
APPLICABLE ALSO FOR COOKING PURPOSES, AND FOR HEATING ONE, TWO, OR
MORE APARTMENTS BESIDES THAT IN WHICH IT IS PLACED, AND ALSO HALLS AND
PUBLIC BUILDINGS."
My Invention relates to an improved construction of stove by which the heat
generated by the combustion of the fuel is utilized to a much greater extent than
in any heretofore in use, while at the same time a great economy is effected by the
more perfect combustion, so that the greater part of the smoke is consumed, and the
down draught to a great extent being prevented, a smoky chimney is avoided.
In order that the nature of my Invention and in what it consists may be
particularly described and ascertained, this Specification is accompanied by three
Sheets of Drawings, having figures and letters marked thereupon, by reference to
which and the following description it may be distinctly understood. It will be
observed that as far as practicable the same letter is used to denote a similar or
corresponding part in each Figure.
One form of stove constructed according to my Invention, and by which its
leading features will be clearly illustrated, as shown in Figures 1 to 5, Sheet
No. 1; Figure 1 being a front elevation; Figure 2 being a sectional elevation;
Figure 3, a transverse section; Figure 4, a plan of the lower part of stove, and
Figure 5, a plan at the line A, A, Figure 1.
It will be seen that in the recess usually occupied by the ordinary house stove or
register or kitchen range I place upon the hearth or floor an iron hollow chamber a
supported on suitable flanges or legs b, and the chamber a is of such form as to
extend to a certain height along the back and the sides of the said recess, and to
leave a space open in the front; in this space I place a grate c of a shape
corresponding to the space thus left, and this grate has bars, both at its front,
bottom, back, and sides, and the grate is of such a size relatively to the said space
as to leave air spaces d (Figures & 3) between its back and sides and the hollow
chamber a, and the top bars of the grate do not reach to the height of the top of
the hollow chamber a. This grate is provided at its top or upper part on three of
its sides, that is to say, at its back and right and left sides, with a flange e, as shown
in Figures 2 and 3, which flange will ensure the passage of the air through the
apertures between the bars. The spaces d are by preference made of a greater
width than the apertures between the bars to prevent any clogging or choking of
the spaces d. All the bars herein-above spoken of are fixed bars. Beneath the
bars at the bottom of the grate I place another and moveable set of bars f of such
a corresponding form or shape that when actuated by a lever or other arrangement
the bars can be made to close or partially to close the apertures left between the
bottom fixed bars, so that the rate of combustion may be thereby regulated and
the stove used, as may be required, either for quick or slow combustion.
shown in the Drawings the bars at front of grate are horizontal bars, but I may,
and in many cases do, prefer to make such front bars vertical, but, in any case,
make the openings between such bars, whether horizontal or vertical, of very small
dimensions, that is to say, with very narrow spaces between them, and this applies
in a great measure to all spaces between the bars of the grates in these stoves,
whether front, back, bottom, or side, and I may in some cases make round or other
shaped apertures instead of longitudinal or vertical slots or spaces for the admission
of the air to the fuel.
As

page_text: I place upon the hollow chamber a plate of iron g in such manner as to cover the
space over and above the grate; this plate g has holes or openings at its ends
where it approaches the sides of the hollow chamber a. These openings h are for
the purpose of admitting the smoke's passage from the fire to the flues, hereinafter
mentioned, the plate diverting it from ascending direct or in the usual manner.
The space at front of the stove between the top bar of the grate and the flange i,
Figure 1, on front plate may be provided with a blower of metal or tale for the
purpose of increasing the draught.
When this stove is used for cooking purposes the central part of this plate g,
that part directly over the fire, is provided with a lidj hinged to its back part. The
lid has circular openings to receive saucepans, kettles, or stewpans, and these
openings are provided with covers. When not in use for cooking and a more open
fire is required, the lid can be thrown back on its hinges, as shown in dotted lines
in Figures 2 and 3.
I construct the upper part of the stove with two curved flues l, one flue arising
from the opening at the right hand side of the plate, and the other arising from
the opening at the left hand side of same. I contract the openings of these
flues towards their upper part, and I there provide a damper (m, in Figure 2).
The form of these flues leaves a semicircular recess n over the plate g, hereinbefore
mentioned as above the grate. I enclose this semicircular space or recess n at the
back, and at the front I place a slide or door or doors o, o. The space n thus
enclosed forms an oven, and when the front door or slide is opened the space can
be utilized for boiling purposes.
The stove is obviously always available for roasting purposes, the form of grate
being well adapted for the purpose. The damper m can be opened when it is
necessary to clean the chimney or to admit the smoke vertically, when the hinged
lid in plate g is thrown back. I provide this plate g beneath at front with a
vertical depending flange in order to guide the smoke into the curved flues, or
instead thereof the front plate of stone may be formed as shown at (Figure 1) so
as to answer the same purpose. The openings w, in Figure 1, are for the purpose
of admitting a brush affixed to a flexible handle or holder in order that the
contracted flues may be cleaned when necessary.
When used for cooking purposes, and, at other times if desired, the hollow
chamber a can be utilized as a boiler, the current of air in the air spaces & between
it and the grate preventing any possibility of the hollow chamber overheating and
cracking. In all cases the space p above the flues, which space may be of the form
shown or of any other shape convenient, may be utilized as a hot air chamber.
Coal, coke, peat, wood, or other fuel can be used in the grate, or if preferred it can
be arranged to burn gas. Where the fuel is of such a nature as to require a strong
draught the blower heretofore mentioned can be placed between the top of grate
and the flange at i. In the case of bituminous fuel being used I find it
advantageous for the better consumption of its smoke to contract the size of the
openings herein before mentioned.
Although I have in these Figures (1 to 5) shown the contracted flues as curved
and with the heated currents of air diverted so that they shall pass through the
said flues, I may in carrying out my Invention construct a stove with a flue
vertical but still contracted so as to answer the same purpose. This form will be
found well suited where the fireplaces are of small size. A simple arrangement of
this kind is shown in (Figure 6). The flue 7 rises directly from over the top of grate
and the spaces n on either side of flue can be utilized as ovens, or for boiling
purposes, or as air spaces. For larger fire places, such as ranges, two or more flues
may be used.
Where that form of stove is used, as shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and that in
Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, Sheet No. II., and bituminous or smoky fuel is used,
I prefer to place the fresh fuel as required at the centre of the fire, so that its smoke
may be consumed in passing over the incandescent or red hot fuel at the sides
before entering into the side flues. For the same reason where the central flue

page_text: (Figure 6) is employed I prefer to introduce the fresh fuel at the side, or sides and
front, according to the position of the contracted flue. My Invention may be so
adapted as to form what is known as a sanitary stove or stove to supply air from
the exterior of the building, purified by filtration through a suitable medium in its
passage to the stove, and led therefrom to one or more rooms. In one form of such
stove, following in construction to a great extent that shown in Figures 1 to 5, I
admit air from the external atmosphere in some cases by one tube only, but I may
lead one tube independantly to each heating chamber or part of the stove; for
example, one tube to the hollow chamber a, which is in Figures 1 to 5 utilised as a
boiler, but in the sanitary stove it forms an air space; one tube to the semicircular
énclosed space hereinbefore spoken of as utilised for an oven, and one tube each to four
hollow spaces, which hollow spaces I form as follows, namely, two hollow spaces
one below each flue, each say about two inches below its flue, and following the
semicircular form of the same, and two hollow spaces one above each flue. I admit
the air by having circular hollow spaces in front of the stove through which the
supply of air is regulated by valves or other means into the heating spaces or
chambers. The air thus heated may or not be discharged into a box above, such
box occupying the right and left spaces above the flues and air chambers. From
this box or upper chamber, or from the circular hollow chamber, pipes or air flues
are conducted to the various rooms or apartments to be heated. The outlet from
these pipes in each room is provided with a valve, door, or some similar arrangement
so as to admit the air to the apartment to be heated, to regulate its supply thereto or
stop it therefrom as may be required, and the inlet may be regulated in a like
manner. I do not confine myself to any precise arrangement of valve or door, as
many known forms may be found to answer my purpose of admitting, regulating, or
shutting off the supply of air. The tubes inlet I provide with a filtering box or
chamber containing wool or other filtering medium for the purpose of arresting
soot, dust, or other impurities in the air external to the buildings. A more simple
form of this description of stove is shown in Figures 7 to 11, Sheet No. II.
Figure 7 is a front elevation of a stove so constructed; Figure 8 is an elevation
with front removed; Figure 9 is a transverse section; Figure 10 is a plan (at A, A,
Figure 7,) and Figure 11 is a plan (at B, B, Figure 8).
When I construct the stove in this form I prefer to make it chiefly in terra
cotta. The hollow space equivalent to the boiler in the form first described
(Figures 1 to 5) is marked a, upper additional spaces a, a, the air space equivalent
to the oven n, the inlets to flue h, the flue itself 1.
The air from the atmosphere exterior to the building is admitted through the
passage indicated by dotted lines at s, Figure 10, and can be arranged to supply
the different air spaces through the conduits shaped as hollow mouldings and
marked t, t, Figures 7 and 10. The upper air spaces a' and lower air spaces a¹
can be supplied independently, the first through moulding t and the second through
moulding t, or the said air spaces may be made to communicate, and one moulding
supply all spaces. The purified external air which has been warned (without being
burned) in the hot air spaces can be admitted into the same apartment in which
the stove stands through the moulding t, t', as shown, or can be led off to other
apartments through suitable tubes or passages from the outlets (marked i, i,
Figure 8), provided for that purpose.
Such a
I may so construct my stove as to have two grates, and place it in such a position
as to heat two rooms or apartments, the flue being intermediate thereto.
stove having two grates may otherwise be constructed in any way herein before
mentioned, and serve either as a cooking stove or to heat upper apartments, or to
answer both purposes if required.
I construct a stove suitable for use, for example, as a hall stove, or for churches,
chapels, or assembly rooms, for any place when required for standing independently
and not in the fire-place recess, in the following manner:-I make the grate so
that it shall show the fire either front or back, or on three, or four, or more sides.
In the latter case I provide tubes, say, at the corners or angles, for the supply of

page_text: air. In cases where it is not .admissible to have a pipe above to carry off the
products of combustion I lead a pipe or fluo from the flue downwards through
the fire grate, and thence to an exit or passage for the escape of the heated
currents.
In the construction of the stoves I term sanitary stoves I prefer to use in a great
measure ceramic ware instead of metal, such inaterial admitting of its being
employed with great economy and advantage when great purity of air is considered
as of paramount importance.
In Sheet No. III., Figure 12 is an external view of one form of an independent
stove, as just hereinabove described, and having four grates; Figure 13 is a
sectional elevation of the same; Figure 14 is an elevation with cover removed;
Figure 15, a plan, and Figure 16 a plan at the line B, B. The contracted flues
are marked, the grates c. The air spaces throughout are marked a, the down-
ward flue q.
The upward flue 7 (where instead used) is shown in dotted lines
above Figure 13. The inlets or tubes for the admission of the pure external air
are marked s. The outlets for the warmed pure air are marked u. The cap or
the top of the stove (which may be formed hollow so as to be an additional air
space) is marked v.
The circulation both in the heated air spaces a, a¹, and of the heated currents in
smoke flues, will be found in these views indicated by the direction of the arrows
shown in each case.
In some cases I may carry the inlets or tubes 8.to or near to the top of the air
chamber so as to introduce the air at that part of the stove. When I so construct
the stove I place the outlets at the lower part of the air chambers or spaces.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I wish it to be
distinctly understood that what I claim and desire to secure by the hereinbefore in
part recited Letters Patent is,-
Firstly. The construction of a stove for heating rooms or buildings, or for
cooking purposes, with a flue or flues contracted in the manner and for the purposes
substantially as set forth in this Specification and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings.
Secondly. The construction of such stove with air or water spaces, as and for
the purposes also described and illustrated.
Thirdly. The arrangement or combination of the boiler or air space and the
grate with upper flange, leaving an air passage or channel between it and the boiler
or air space, as and for the purpose described.
Fourthly. The formation of an oven or ovens in the manner hereinbefore explained
and illustrated.
Fifthly. The general arrangement of and construction of stoves in the manner
and for the purpose herein in this Specification described and in the accompanying
Drawings illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Martin Westmacott, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty ninth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
CHARLES MARTIN WESTMACOTT. (L.S.)