Improvements in Aerated Water Machinery to Render Water Absolutely Cold before Aeration.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Oct., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 7th July, 1892-Accepted, 24th Oct., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATIUN.
Improvements in Aerated Water Machinery to Render Water
Absolutely Cold before Aeration.
WILLIAM STEPHEN PUTLAND 54 High Street Tunbridge Wells Kent Manager
to Mineral Water Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
The utilization of artificial cold or freezing produced by the liberation and
expansion of carbonic acid gas, which has been compressed at high pressure in steel
cylinders.
The Specification contains four methods of using this freezing force, to reduce
the temperature of water to great coldness just before it enters, or is pumped into
the aerating macbine.
This Specification contains the whole of my Provisional Specification, (No. 17136
Oct. 8th 1891) amplified, and additions thereto.
It has always been the difficulty of aerated or mineral water manufacturers in the
heat of summer or in very hot climates to get the water absolutely cold before it
enters the carbonating machine.
Water at a low temperature (just above freezing) has the power of absorbing a
much larger quantity of carbonic acid gas than water at the usual summer tem-
perature, thereby producing, a perfect state of aeration.
Various and expensive means have been tried (such as packing ice and other
freezing agents around the solution pan or small cistern which holds the water from
which it is pumped into the carbonating machine) but up to the present I am not
aware that the following system has been tried which system I now wish to protect
by Letters Patent.
I base my invention upon the fact that the sudden expansion of natural or manu-
factured carbonic acid gas, previously compressed into iron or steel cylinders, at a
high pressure, produces intense cold and freezing.
Manufacturers of aerated waters who use the compressed carbonic acid gas are
not up to the present utilizing this freezing power.
1 propose in the four following methods to make use of this artificial means of
producing cold, for reducing the temperature of water.
METHOD I.
I propose that the gas in its transit from the iron or steel cylinder (in which it is
compressed) to the gasometer or aerating machine shall be expanded into a strong
metal cylinder, chamber, or other proper receptacle, provided with a safety valve.
This chamber I designate the "expansive chamber."
The gas then passes from this chamber in the ordinary course through metal
tubing to the gasometer or aerating machine.
In this "expansive chamber" and passing through it lengthways or otherways is
a coil of metal tubing one end of which coil is connected with the water supply, and
the other end connected with and in close proximity to the solution pan or cistern
which supplys the water to the pump of the aerating machine; thus the surface of
the water in its transit from the source of supply to the carbonating machine,
passing through the coil enclosed in the "expansive chamber is brought into
direct contact with the extreme cold produced by the expansion of the liberated
carbonic acid gas in the "expansive chamber."
"
The length and diameter and all measurements of the "expansive chamber" and

page_text: the length and size of the coil inside to be determined by the intensity of cold
required to reduce to a temperature a few degrees above freezing point, the
maximum quantity of water required for an aerating machine of a given size.
apparatus to be made in proportion to the size of each aerating machine.
METHOD II.
The
I propose that the gas in its transit from the steel cylinder (in which it is
compressed) to the gasometer or aerating machine shall pass through a coil of
sufficiently strong metal tubing placed in the solution pan or small cistern or any
other receptacle which holds the water that is pumped into the aerating machine.
Thus the water in the solution pan or cistern is brought into contact with the
extremely cold coil; which coldness is caused by passing of the liberated and
freezing carbonic acid gas from the compressed and high pressure cylinder to the
gasometer or aerating machine through this coil.
The length and size of this coil to be determined by the intensity of cold required
to reduce to a temperature a few degrees above freezing point the maximum quantity
of water required for an aerating machine of a given size. The apparatus to be
made in proportion to the size of each aerating machine.
METHOD III.
I propose that the gas in its transit from the steel cylinder (in which it is
compressed) to the gasometer of aerating machine shall pass through a coil of
sufficiently strong metal tubing, which coil shall encircle the solution pan, small
cistern, or other receptacle, from which the water is pumped into the aerating
machine.
This solution pan or cistern with this outside coil is surrounded by an outer pan
or cistern containing water which water is rendered extremely cold or frozen by the
passing of the liberated and freezing carbonic acid gas through the coil; the water
in this outer cistern being thus rendered extremely cold or frozen, reduces the
temperature of the water in the inner cistern, from which it is pumped into the
- aerating machine.
The length and size of the coil inside this outer cistern; and which encircles
the inner cistern or solution pan: to be determined by the intensity of cold
required to reduce to a temperature a few degrees above freezing point, the
maximum quantity of water required for a machine of a given size.
The apparatus to be made in proportion to the size of each aerating machine.

page_text: freezing point the maximum quantity of water required for an aerating machine of
a given size.
The apparatus to be made in proportion to the size of each aerating machine.
Dated this Twenty-third day October One thousand eight hundred and
ninety-one
WILLIAM S. PUTLAND.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Aerated Water Machinery to Render Water
Absolutely Cold before Aeration.
WILLIAM STEPHEN PUTLAND 54 High Street Tunbridge Wells Kent Assistant
to Aerated Water Manufacturer. I do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has for its object the cooling of water almost to freezing point just
before it enters or is pumped into the aerating or carbonating machine thereby
producing perfect aeration, it being well known that water at a low temperature
possesses the property of absorption of carbonic acid gas to a much greater
degree.
Fig. 1. The liquified and compressed carbonic acid gas in its transit from the
iron or steel cylinder to the gasometer or aerating machine, enters at pipe A and is
expanded into a strong metal cylinder B (chamber or other receptacle) provided
with a safety valve C.
The expanded gas then passes from this chamber in the ordinary course through
metal tubing D to the gasometer or gas connection of the aerating machine.
This chamber I designate the "expansive cooling chamber."
In the expansive cooling chamber and passing through it lengthways or otherwise,
is a coil of metal tubing E, one end of which passing through the top or side of the
expansive cooling chamber, connected with the water supply.
The other end of this coil also passing out of the bottom or side of the expansive
cooling chamber is connected with the pipe which supplies the water to the solution
pan or small cistern; from which solution pan the water is pumped into the
aerating machine.
Thus the surface of the water to be aerated, in its transit from the source of
supply to the aerating machine passing through the coil that is enclosed in the
expansive cooling chamber, is brought into direct contact with the extreme cold
produced by the expansion of the liberated carbonic acid gas in the expansive
cooling chamber.
A water by pass pipe F is provided in case of accidental freezing of the water in
the expansive cooling chamber.
The length diameter and all measurements of the expansive cooling chamber the
length and size of the coil inside are determined by the intensity of cold required to
reduce to a temperature a few degrees above freezing point the maximum quantity
of water required for an aerating machine of a given size.
Fig. 1. presents a sectional view of the expansive cooling chamber, but the coil
inside is shown solid.
Fig. 2. The water in its transit from the source of supply to the aerating machine
passes into and through a metal chamber G hereinafter called "the cooling chamber."
This cooling chamber is made in any shape, but one of a cylindrical form is
preferable.
All interior parts of the cooling chamber which come into contact with the water
are silvered as a safeguard against metallic contamination.
A coil of strong metal tubing H enters at I, and passes through this cooling
chamber, one end of this coil is connected with the pipe or valve of the cylinder of
liquified and compressed carbonic acid gas, and the other end of. the coil after

page_text: passing through the cooling chamber, is connected with the gasometer or gas
connection of the aerating machine.
All parts of the coil that come into contact with the water that passes through
the cooling chamber are silvered.
A water by pass J is provided in case of accidental freezing of the supply while
passing through the cooling chamber.
Thus the water in its transit from the source of supply to the aerating machine
passes into and through the cooling chamber and comes into direct contact with the
freezing coil which freezing is caused by the liberation of the liquified carbonic
acid gas passing into the coil and through it on its way to the gasometer or gas
connection of aerating machine.
The length diameter and all measurements of the cooling chamber the length and
size of the coil inside are determined by the intensity of cold required to reduce to
a temperature a few degrees above freezing point the maximum quantity of water
required for an aerating machine of a given size.
Fig. 2 presents a sectional view of the cooling chamber with the coil inside shown
solid.
Fig. 3. The liquified carbonic acid gas in its transit from the steel or iron
cylinder to the gasometer of aerating machine passes through a coil of strong
metal tubing K placed in the solution pan or small cistern L which holds the water
that is pumped into the aerating machine thus the temperature of the water is
reduced by contact with the freezing coil which freezing is caused by the passing of
the liberated and freezing carbonic acid gas through the coil.
The size of this coil is determined by the intensity of cold required to reduce to
a temperature a few degrees above freezing the maximum quantity of water required
an aerating machine of a given size.
Fig. 3 presents a sectional view of the solution pan with the inside coil shown solid.
Fig. 4. The liquified carbonic acid gas in its transit from the high pressure
cylinder to the gasometer or aerating machine passes through a coil of strong
metal tubing M which encircles the solution pan N (or small cistern or other
receptacle) from which the water is pumped into the aerating machine.
This solution pan or cistern with the encircling coil is surrounded by an outer
pan or cistern containing water which water is rendered extremely cold or
frozen by the passing of the liberated and freezing carbonic acid gas through
the coil.
°
The water in the outer cistern being thus rendered extremely cold or frozen
reduces the temperature of the water in the inner cistern from which inner cistern
it is pumped into the aerating machine. The length and size of the coil inside this
outer cistern to be determined by the intensity of cold required to reduce to a
temperature a few degrees above freezing the maximum quantity of water required
for a machine of a given size.
Fig. 4 presents a sectional view of the outer pan or cistern showing the inner pan
with the encircling coil solid.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
That with this apparatus aerated water manufacturers who use the liquified
carbonic acid gas can now utilize what up to the present has been a waste force viz.
the intense cold produced by the liberation of liquified carbonic acid gas from high
pressure cylinders which will enable them to reduce the temperature of the water
about to be aerated and that in the hottest climate when this system is carried out
a perfectly aerated water is obtained.
Dated this Sixth day of July 1892.