IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZING MACHINES."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Singleton; of Over Darwen, in the County of
Lancaster, Machinist,. for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZING
MACHINES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Singleton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd March 1881..
THOMAS SINGLETON, of Over Darwen, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZING MACHINES."
First. The object of this Invention is to ascertain by signals when the level of
the size in the size trough or sow box is too high or too low, and to attain this
object I employ in one arrangement a revolving float, a steam whistle, and certain
mechanical contrivances for obtaining shrill sounds intermittently when the level
of the size is too high, and a continuous whistle when it is too low, the size being
supplied to the trough or box by one or more pumps, and regulated by a cock, and
the steam for the whistle is obtained from the pipe which supplies the steam pipe
in the trough or box, or from any other source, and as the terms size-trough and
sow-box are synonymous I simply use the words size-trough or trough in-my further
description.
The float has at one end a round shaft working in a bearing in a swivel joint,
and at the other end a shaft with a ball and socket joint, the shaft extending
through a packed bearing in a side of the trough, and having fixed to it a ratchet
or worm wheel for giving to the float a slow revolving motion, for the purpose of
preventing its buoyancy from being lessened by size accumulating upon it. When
a ratchet wheel is used it is turned by a catch or propeller on a rod worked by a
crank or eccentric on a shaft made to revolve at any desired speed; and on this.
shaft there is another crank or eccentric for giving to and fro motion to an arm or
lever, having at the top a finger or pusher supported. on a collar attached to a
vertical rod fixed to the swivel joint carrying one end of the float; and to the plug"
of the cock of the whistle is fixed a wheel or segment with large ratchet teeth; and
an arm or lever having in it a number of smaller ratchet teeth..

page_text: When the level of the size in the size-trough is neither too high nor too low, and
the shaft with the cranks or eccentrics is revolving, the finger or pusher keeps
moving forwards and backwards in a space between the larger and smaller ratchet
teeth, but when the size is too high the finger or pusher catches a tooth, and
pushing back the lever opens the cock for the whistle to give a shrill sound, the
cock being closed by a weighted arm, until the finger again comes forward to open
the cock to give another shrill sound, and so on, until the supply of size is lessened
by the operative or by self acting means.
When the size is too low in the trough in consequence of the pumps being out of
order the revolving float has descended, and with it the collar on which the finger
or pusher rests, so that the finger can come in contact with the larger ratchet teeth
and open the cock; and as the wheel or segment is held by a catch there is a
continuous whistle for the operative to supply more size to the trough, and it will
be readily understood that other signals, such as bells or alarms, can be used
instead of whistles, and that compressed air may be employed instead of steam;
and also instead of passing the float shaft through one side of the size trough I
may work the shaft entirely in the inside by chain wheels and chains or bevel
gearing.
In another arrangement for signalling the level of the size in the size trough I
employ a chamber supplied with steam from any source, the chamber having two
cocks worked by levers linked to a vertical rod in connection with the revolving
float, and at the junctions of the levers and the rod there are slots for regulating
the movements.
When the level of the size is too low the rod descends, and one of the levers in
connection with it, so that one of the cocks is opened to allow the steam to escape
to a whistle or other signal. When size is supplied it rises and shuts the cock, and
if it rises too high the float and rod rising with it act upon the second lever, and
open the second cock, which allows the steam to pass to the whistle or other signal,
and for lessening the supply of steam to the size trough when doffing, that is, when
the yarn beam is being removed, and a fresh one supplied. I cause the vertical rod
in connection with the float to act upon a third lever, which opens a cock between
the supply steam cock and the size trough to allow the steam which is not required
to escape.
When desired I modify the foregoing arrangements by using two whistles or
signals, one for the high level and the other for the low, and work the cocks of the
whistles by projections or arms on a vertical, rod in connection with the float,
and also instead of placing the float in a horizontal position I place it in a vertical
one.
The second part of my Invention relates to that system of heating the size in
which the cold size is pumped into a series of tubular coils placed in a box heated
by steam, which system has hitherto had the great disadvantage of the pipes
frequently becoming clogged, requiring a great expense of time and labour in
cleaning them; and the object of this part of my Invention is to remedy these
defects by blowing steam through coils at certain intervals, so that they can be
effectually cleansed in a very short time.
In one arrangement I employ a two way cock at each end of the series of coils,
the cock at one end capable of being opened to and closed from the supply of the
cold size, and also be opened to and be shut off from a supply of steam, and the
cock at the other end being adapted for being open to and shut off from the size-
trough, and open to and shut off from a vessel for receiving the blown through steam
with the softened size, unless, as may sometimes be the case, it is blown into the
size trough.
In another arrangement I connect to the supply pipe a self acting clack and a
steam cock, the clack closing the moment the cock is opened for the steam to blow
through the coils, and in any case I may use valves instead of cocks and measure
the intervals of time. and cause the cocks or valves to open and close by

page_text: "
mechanical movements somewhat similar to those before described for working the
signals.
My next improvement relates to the yarn beams which are placed with their
pressers at the finishing end of the sizing machine, and it is well known that great
inconvenience is frequently experienced in consequence of the unequal distances
between the flanges of the several beams.
To obviate this defect I form in the presser a central hole and a semi-circular
groove and place in the groove and hole a round bar and plug held tight by a thumb
screw, there being several of these bars in order that one or other may be found to
suit the distance between the flanges of the yarn beam.
My next improvement relates to a friction or presser roller to be fluted if required
and made to expand by "he" and "she" clips or claws adjusted by a screw or
spring which pushes the loose part against a blank surface that comes in contact
with the beam flange thereby filling up the space between the flanges. Or two
or more springs with flat surfaces inside and out working in contact upon a spindle
in the centre.
Another part of my Invention consists in an entirely novel arrangement of
apparatus for enabling the size in the size trough to be maintained at a comparatively
uniform level without the use of a float and the pipes prevented from being choked
up with standing or thickened size.
To the bottom of the trough I connect a hollow cylinder communicating with the
hot size outlet pipe, and having near the top a number of holes a little below the
proper level of the size, and in the cylinder there is a plunger moved and down
by a lever and rods connected to any convenient working part of the sizing machine,
and at the top of the plunger there is a valve and air hole.
up
When the size rises higher than the holes and the size enters the cylinder, the
downward motion of the plunger forces the overflowing size back through the
bottom of the cylinder, the outlet pipe, and also through the heated coil, and as the
each downward movement of
supply of size is intended to be slightly in excess,
the ram agitates the size and forces back the excess with the exception of what is
absorbed by the yarns.
Another improvement relates to the size cocks or taps used in sizing machines,
and consists in various arrangements for making them more simple, economical, and
effective than any hitherto employed.
Instead of having only one opening into the shell or body of the cock for the
entry of the valve seating and valve I use two openings, one for the valve seating
to be screwed into, and the other for the valve and parts connected with the valve
seating being formed by hollowing out the end of a screw, and for the entry of the
The valve is worked by
size to the seating and valve there is a hole in the screw.
a quick threaded screw on a spindle connected to a lever by a slotted clip provided
with a screw, so that the clip can be loosened to adjust the lever and valve to any.
required position and afterwards tightened by the screw, and from time to time the
seating can be unscrewed by a handle for a short distance to allow any dirt or
accumulation to escape.
I now describe an improved mode of working markers or dabbers used in sizing
machines.
Below the sheet of yarn is placed a roller which slowly revolves in colour in a
colour box or trough, and above the yarn there is a spring mounted with a
presser.
Above the yarn I employ one or more revolving cams for holding and releasing
one or more lever hammers, the motion of the cam or cams being so timed that at
certain positions the lever hammer or hammers fall on the presser spring which
presses the yarn on the colour roller, thus enabling the measured length of cuts or
pieces to be marked with greater exactness that at present, and one or more marks
to be made as required.
Another of my improvements in sizing machines consists in the employment of a

page_text: comb between the immersion and squeezing rollers of the size trough for the purpose
of preventing any ends of yarn that may be broken or twisted at the immersion
rollers and accumulated at the bottom of the trough from being carried on to the
squeezing rollers and damaging the sheet of yarns.
Another improvement relates to the supply of size to the size trough. At present
the size is supplied through a single pipe, and generally at one side of the trough,
the effect of which is that there is a large quantity of size which is not in proper
circulation. To remedy this defect I employ three or more inlet pipes extending
across the trough, each pipe being provided with a cock which can be opened and
closed by a toothed wheel geared into another toothed wheel on a revolving shaft,
the wheels being so geared in relation to the passages in the plugs of the cocks that
when one cock is open the others are closed, the operations taking place one after
the other, so that the supply of size is equalized across the trough in three or more
different places.
My next improvements relates to the receiver and pipe which take off the steam
arising from the heated size in the size trough. Instead of causing the outer end
of the pipe to pass through the roof or upper part of the building I pass from the
receiver two pipes leading to a lower chamber provided with a fan and outlet pipe
for exhausting the steam, and above each drying cylinder a receiver connected by a
pipe to one or both of the before mentioned pipes or to the lower chamber, so that
the steam rising from the cylinders can be drawn off by the fan and forced into the
atmosphere, and by this contrivance the long pipes leading to the roof are dispensed
with.
Another improvement relates to the uprights in which the pivots of the top
or squeezing rollers of the size trough revolve. At present these uprights being
stationary any looseness arising from wear or careless workmanship cannot be
altered, and the top and bottom rollers are frequently askew with each other. To
remedy this defect I employ moveable cheeks or guides, which can be bolted to the
uprights, there being slots in the cheeks or guides so that they can be accurately
adjusted and fastened.
I now describe an improved regulating steam trap for the drying cylinders of
sizing machines. The trap consists of a series of pipes communicating with each
other and with the cylinder, the pipes being provided with a number of cocks, so
that the weight of the water of condensed steam contained in the pipes can be
regulated to give more or less resistance to the steam in the cylinder, and thereby 3
regulate the pressure and heat as may be required.
Or I pass the discharge pipe from the cylinder into a vertical cistern surrounded
at the top by an overflow basin in connection with a discharge pipe, and to the
cistern a number of cocks are connected, one above the other, so that all the water
of the condensed steam in the cistern can act as a check to the steam in the cylinder 4
and maintain it at its highest pressure and heat, or by opening the cocks at different
positions the pressure and heat can be regulated as required.
Another improvement relates to the driving wheels of the rollers which draw
off the yarn from the drying cylinders of the sizing machine, and consists in
certain contrivances for holding the wheels stationary when the machine is 4
stopped.
At present, to prevent damage, if by any chance the strap should shift from the
loose to the driving pulley, the operative takes off one of the wheels, and afterwards
puts it on when the machine is to be set to work. To prevent this loss of time I
employ a toothed holding catch having a number of teeth, which can be readily 5
geared and ungeared with one or two of the wheels, the catch sliding on a stud; or
use a toothed catch worked by a screw and hand wheel.
My next improvements relate to the yarn beam at one end of the machine, and
consists of a simple and efficient arrangement for pressing the sized and finished
yarns as they are being wound on the beam. In a bearing at each side of the 5
machine I place a shaft having a rectangular hole carrying slackly an arm having

page_text: at its front end two plates, which can be moved horizontally, and these plates
press on the yarn on the beam, and the arm and plates either press by their own
weight or springs, or weights are connected to them.
The plates are provided with slots so that they can be adjusted to any required
position and held fast by a screw, and when the winding on of the yarn on the
beam is completed the arm and plates can be raised and moved back to allow the
beam to be removed and a fresh one supplied. Or I reverse the arm and plates by
placing them below the beam, and place on the shaft a back arin mounted with
weights, which raise the front arm and press the plates against the yarn; or I
place the presser plates on a rod placed vertically in a guide and worked by a .
rack and toothed segment carrying a weight. Or I use a hollow shaft, in which
there is a rod mounted with the presser plates, and eccentrics or levers for shifting
the plates as required for different widths of beams.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent file
by the said Thomas Singleton in the Great Seal Patent Office on th
1st September 1881.
THOMAS SINGLETON, of Over Darwen, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZING MACHINES."
The object of the first part of this Invention is to ascertain by signals when the
level of the size in the size trough or sowbox is too high or too low, and to attain
this object I employ a float, a steam whistle, and certain mechanical contrivances
for obtaining in one arrangement an intermittent whistle when the level of the size
is too high, and a continuous whistle when it is too low, and in another arrangement
a continuous whistle in both cases. The size is supplied to the trough or box by
one or more pumps, and regulated by one or more cocks, the steam for the whistle
being obtained from the pipe which supplies the steam pipe in the trough, or from
any other source, and in order to prevent the buoyancy of the float from being
lessened by size accumulating upon it a slow revolving motion is given to it by
means of a worm and worm wheel, or by a ratchet wheel and propeller; and on
Sheet 1 of the accompanying Sheet of Drawing Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 are side and
end views of two arrangements of my signalling apparatus. The float marked a
has at one end a round shaft b working in a bearing at the bottom of the vertical
rod c, and at the other end a shaft & having a ball and socket joint, the shaft
working in a taper bearing fixed to the side of the trough e, and to the end of the
shaft is fixed the ratchet wheel f, which is turned by a propeller g on the eccentric
rodh connected to the eccentric i fixed to the shaft k which is made to revolve at
any required speed. In the arrangement shewn in Figures 1 and 2 there is another
eccentric fixed to the shaft k for giving motion by means of the rod m to an arm
or lever n having at the top a finger or pusher o supported on a collar attached to
the vertical rod c and mounted with a balance weight p, and to the plug of the
cock of the whistle is fixed a lever q carrying two toothed blocks or segments r, s,
and a ratchet wheel t.
When the level of the size in the size trough is neither too high or too low, and the
shaft k is revolving, the finger or pushero moves to and fro in the space between the
two blocks r, s, but when the level of the size is too high the finger or pusher catches
a tooth in the upper block, and pushing forward the lever q opens the cock for the
whistle to sound, the lever being brought back and the cock closed by a weighted
arm t' until the finger again comes forward to open the cock to give another sound,
and so on until the supply of size is lessened by the operative or by self acting
means. When the level of the size is too low in consequence of the pumps being
out of order, or from any other cause, the revolving float has descended, and with
it the collar on which the finger rests, so that the finger can come in contact with
the lower toothed block and open the cock, and as in this case the toothed wheel
clears the catch u and is held by it there is a continuous whistle for the operative.
to supply more size to the trough, and it will be readily understood that other
signals, such as bells or alarums can be used instead of whistles, and also instead
of passing the float shaft through one side of the size trough I may work the shaft
entirely in the inside by chain wheels and chains or by bevil gearing.
In the second arrangement for signalling the level of the size in the size trough,
shewn in Figures 3 and 4, I employ a chamber v supplied with steam from the
steam pipe w or any other source, the chamber having two cocks x, x, worked by
levers y, y, linked to the vertical rod c in connection with the revolving float,
and at the junction of the levers and rods there are slots for regulating the
movements.

page_text: When the level of the size is too low the rod and levers are so lowered that one
of the cocks is opened to allow the steam to escape to the whistles, but when size
is supplied it rises and shuts the cock on too high; the float and rod c rising with it
act upon the second lever to open the second cock, which allows the steam to pass
to the whistle; and for lessening the supply of steam to the size trough when
doffing, that is, when the yarn beam is being removed from the sizing machine, and
a fresh one supplied, I cause the vertical rod c to act upon a third lever which
opens a cock between the supply steam pipe and the size trough to allow the steam
which is required to escape.
When desired I modify the foregoing arrangements by using two whistles .or.
signals, one for the high level, and the other for the low, and work the cocks of the
whistles by projections or arms on a vertical rod in connection with the float, and
also instead of placing the float in a horizontal position I place it when desired in
a vertical one.
The second part of my Invention relates to that system of heating the size in
which the cold size is pumped into a series of coils placed in a box heated by
steam, which system has hitherto had the great disadvantage of the pipes frequently
becoming clogged, requiring a great expense of time and labor in cleaning them,
and the object of this part of my Invention is to remedy these defects by blowing
steam through the coils at certain intervals so that they can be effectively cleansed
in a very short time, the steam cock being opened and closed by self acting means.
In one arrangement I employ a twoway cock at each end of the series of coils, the
cock at one end capable of being opened to and closed from the supply of cold size,
and also be opened to and be shut off from a supply of steam, and the cock at the
other end adapted for being open to and shut off from the size trough, and open to
and shut off from a vessel for receiving the blown through steam with the softened
size, unless, as may be sometimes the case, it is blown into the size trough.
In another arrangement I connect to the supply pipe a self acting clack and a
steam cock, the clack closing the moment the cock is opened for the steam to blow
through, and in any case I may use valves instead of cocks, and measure the
intervals of time by any suitable combination of wheel work, and cause the cocks
or valves to open and close by mechanical movements, somewhat similar to those
before described for working the signals.
In my Provisional Specification I described an improved arrangement for
equalizing the supply of size to the size trough. At present the size is supplied
through a single pipe, generally placed at one side of the trough, the effect of
which is that there is a large quantity of size which is not in proper circulation.
To remedy this defect I employ two, three, or more inlet pipes extending across the
back of the trough, each pipe being provided with a cock, which can be opened
and closed by a toothed wheel geared into another toothed wheel on a revolving
shaft, the wheels being so geared in relation to the passages in the plugs of the
cocks that when one cock is open the others are closed, the operations taking
place one after the other, so that the supply of size is equalized across the
trough in two, three, or more different places.
On Sheet 1 Figure.5 is a plan representing a series of coils in a steam box, and
one arrangement of pipes for the supply of cold size for blowing steam through the
coils and for supplying heated size to the size trough; and Figures 6 and 7 are
side and end views representing the mode of employing a series of four cocks with
their toothed wheels for equalizing the supply of size, the cocks being marked a
and the toothed wheels b, and for each cock there is a pipe c communicating with a
long pipe & connected by one or more pipes e with the coils, and to each cock is
fixed a pipe fleading to the interior of the size trough g.
In Figure 5 h represents the steam box containing the coils, being the inlet pipe
for the steam and k the outlet for the condensed steam. The pipe for the supply
of cold size is shewn at e, the size passing in both directions as indicated by the
arrows through the pipes m into the coils, from whence it passes through a pipe e
into the long pipe d, to which are connected pipes c having cocks and pipes leading
هر

page_text: to the interior of the size trough g, the cocks being worked by toothed wheels as
in Figures 6 and 7, and the order in which I prefer the cocks to be opened and
closed one after the other is shewn by the numbers in Figures 5 and 7, it being
understood that after No. 4 is closed No. 1 is again opened, and so on in continuous
repetition as long as required. At one end of the pipe m there is a pipe and tap o,
and at the other end a tap p, the pipe and tap o being for the entry of steam for
blowing through and cleansing, the tap p being opened for the purpose, but again
closed when size is to be supplied to the trough; and instead of one supply pipe e
I may employ two or more, and work the tap p as well as the steam flap o by self
acting means.
I now describe another part of my Invention consisting of an entirely novel
arrangement of apparatus for enabling the size in the size trough to be maintained
at a comparatively uniform level without the use of a float, and the pipes prevented
from being choked up with standing or thickened size.
This arrangement is shewn in Figure 8, Sheet -, in which q represents the size
trough, the steam box and coils for heating the size, s the inlet pipe for cold size,
and t the outlet pipe for the heated size. To the bottom of the trough I connect a
hollow cylinder u communicating with the hot size outlet pipe, and also by the
pipe with the lower part of the size trough, and near the top of the cylinder
there are a number of holes wa little below the proper level of the size, and in the
cylinder there is a plunger x moved up and down by a level and rod y connected
to any convenient part of the sizing machine, and at the top of the plunger there is
a valve and air-hole. The size is supplied to the trough by the pipe v, and when
the size rises higher than the holes wand the size enters the cylinder from without,
the downward motion of the plunger fórces the overflowing size back through the
bottom of the cylinder, through the outlet pipe, and also through the heated coil,
and as the supply of size is intended to be slightly in excess, each downward
movement of the plunger agitates the size and forces back the excess, with
the exception of what is absorbed by the yarns, it being understood that the
working of the plunger and pump are so timed that they do not work in
opposition to each other.
My next improvement relates to the size cocks or taps used in sizing machines,
and consists in forming the seating of the valve by hollowing out the end of a
screw having at one side a hole for the entry of the size, the screw being screwed
into the bottom of the cock; and Figure 9, Sheet -, is a view with part in section
of a size cock provided with my improvements, a representing the body of the
cock, b the inlet passage for the size, c the screw having at the top the valve
seating d, e the holes in the screw for the passage of the size, fand the outlet
passage. The valve is worked by a quick threaded screw h on a spindle i
connected to a lever k by a slotted clip 1, Figure 10, and provided with a screw, so
that the clip can be loosened to adjust the lever and valve to any required position,
and afterwards tightened by the screw, and from time to time the seating can be
unscrewed by a handle to allow any dirt or accumulation to escape.
Another part of my Invention represented in the side view, Figure 11, consists
of an improved mode of working markers or dabbers used in sizing machines.
Below the sheet of yarn marked m is fixed one or more color boxes n, each
containing a roller o caused slowly to revolve, and above the yarn there is a
dabber p, one for each color box and roller, the dabber being an india rubber ball,
wrapped with leather if required. Each dabber is held by a screw and nuts to a
long arm g mounted with a trigger r and held by screws to a shaft, and in
connection with each long arm there is a short arm t in contact with a pin u
encased by a spring in a spring box, the long arm or arms passing through the
sheet of yarn to avoid any obstruction to the operative. Below the yarn there is
a cam w and a pulley x for each dabber, the pulley for giving by means of the
strap y and pulley z revolving motion to the roller o in the color box, and the cam
for acting on the trigger to bring down the long arm g and press the dabber on the
yarn to mark the measured lengths of the cuts or pieces, the arm and dabber being

page_text: quickly rebounded or raised from the yarn by the action of the spring on the short
arm t, and for enabling the weaver to know which is the cutting out mark; I
make marks on the roller or rollers to indicate first, second, third, and so on, or
as many marks as are required for a cut.
Another of my improvements in sizing machines consists in the employment of
a metal comb between the immersion and squeezing rollers of the size trough, for
the purpose of preventing the accumulation of broken ends called "sops" from
being carried on to the squeezing rollers and damaging the sheet of yarns, and one of
these combs is shewn in position at a, Figure 12.
My next improvement relates to the uprights in which the end shafts of the top
or squeezing rollers revolve. At present any looseness arising from wear or careless
workmanship cannot be altered, and the top and bottom rollers are frequently
askew with each other. To remedy this defect I employ moveable cheeks or guides
which can be bolted to the uprights, there being slots in the cheeks or guides so
that they can be accurately adjusted and fastened, and one of these moveable cheeks
placed in position and bolted to its corresponding upright is marked b, Figure 12.
In new machines instead of having the two sides of each upright stationary, I make
one side moveable and bolt it to the side of the trough as shown at c, Figüre 12.
Or I place a plate between the neck end of the roller and the upright, the plate
being adjusted and fastened by a set screw and nut, as shewn in Figure 13, the
plate being marked d, the set screw e, and the fastening nuts f.
My next improvements relate to the yarn beams at the finishing end of the
sizing machine, and consist in various simple and efficient arrangements for pressing
the sized and finished yarns as they are wound on the beam, the main object being
to remedy the great inconvenience which is frequently experienced in consequence
of the unequal distances between the flanges of the several beams. In one arrange-
ment, shewn in Figures 14, 15, and 16, I form in the pressure block ha central hole,
and in its entire length a semicircular groove, and place in the groove and hole a
round bar i and central shank k, the shank being held tight by a thumb screw l,
there being several of these round bars i in order that one or the other may be
found to suit the distance between the flanges of the yarn beam, and these bars
can be taken out of the presser block h for the purpose of being reground and
reglazed when required. In another arrangement, shewn in Figures 17, 18, and 19,
I place in a bearing at each side of the machine a shaft m having a rectangular
hole carrying slackly an arm or stem n, having at its front end a presser block o
and two plates p, p, provided with slots, so that they can be adjusted to the flanges of
the yarn beam and held fast by a screw and nut q, and these plates and presser
block press the yarn on the beam either by their own weight, or springs, or weights
are connected to them, and when the winding on of the yarn on the beam is
completed, the arm, block, and plates can be moved back to allow the beam to be
removed and a fresh one supplied. In another arrangement I reverse the arm
and plates by placing them below the beam, and place on the shaft a back arm
mounted with weights which raise the front arm, and press the plates against the
yarn. Or I place the presser plates on a rod vertically in a guide and worked by
a rack and toothed segment carrying a weight. Or I use a hollow shaft in which
there is a rod mounted with the presser plates, and eccentrics or levers for shifting
the plates, as required for different widths between the flanges of the beams. In
another arrangement of presser, I employ an expanding and contracting roller,
having "he and she" clips or claws, adjusted by a screw with a double collar and
nut which pushes the loose clip against a blank surface that comes in contact with
the beam flange, thereby filling up the space between the flanges, and part of one
of these pressers is shewn in Figures 20 and 21, in which the loose clip is
marked t, the screw u, the double collars v, and the nut w.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention I desire
it to be understood that in sizing machines I claim,―
First. The use of a horizontal float with ball and socket joint or vertical float,

page_text: and the various improved arrangements and contrivances for giving signals when
the level of the size in the size trough is too high or too low.
Secondly. The self-acting arrangements for blowing steam through the coils in
the steam box for the purpose of cleansing the coils and pipes in connection with
them.
Thirdly. The employment of two, three, or more taps worked by toothed wheels
for equalizing the supply of size to the size trough.
Fourthly. The arrangement and apparatus for maintaining the size in the size
trough at a uniform level, and for preventing standing or thickened size.
Fifthly. The moveable seating in the size cock with the hole at the side for the
entrance of the size.
Sixthly. The arrangement of one or more markers or dabbers with one or more
levers coming through the sheet of yarn and the parts connected with them, for the
purpose of marking the cuts or pieces as required.
Seventhly. The employment of a comb between thei mmersion and squeezing
rollers in the size, and
Eighthly. The various improved arrangements of pressers for pressing the yarn on
the yarn. beams when winding on, as all such improvements are herein described
and illustrated on the accompanying Sheets of Drawings.
"
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Singleton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Thirtieth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
Witness,
FLETCHER YATES SINGLETON.
THOMAN DINGLETON. (L.S.)