AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF COMBINED. LEAD AND TIN PIPES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Norman Stewart Walker, of Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Merchant, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
MANUFACTURE OF COMBINED. LEAD AND TIN PIPES."
Sealed the 15th April 1871, and dated the 18th October 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said-Norman Stewart Walker
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his. Petition,
on the 18th October 1870.
I, NORMAN STEWART WALKER, of Liverpool, in the County of Lan-
caster, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF COMBINED LEAD AND TIN PIPES," to be as
follows:
The object of my Invention is to produce pipes composed of a thickness
of tin internally and externally, and a thickness of lead between, and to
do so in such manner that the thicknesses of tin tin will be uniform and
sufficient to ensure durability, the union of the metals perfect, and the
surfaces smooth. For this purpose I cast or otherwise form ingots each
of three thicknesses of metal, first, an internal one of tin, second, one'

page_text: of lead, and third one of tin, and I manufacture pipes from such novel
combination ingots by forcing the metal while over a core out of a
cylinder through a die by hydraulic pressure.
In practice I prefer to cast ingots in the manner invented by W. A.
Shaw, and patented by him in 1863, No. 1025, and afterwards to cast
around each ingot a thickness or envelope of tin.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Norman Stewart Walker in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 17th April 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, NORMAN
STEWART WALKER, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Merchant,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Norman Stewart Walker, Her special
license that I, the said Norman Stewart Walker, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Norman Stewart
Walker, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF COMBINED LEAD AND TIN PIPES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Norman Stewart
Walker, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Norman Stewart Walker, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, that is to say :-
The object of my Invention is to produce pipes composed of a thickness
of tin internally and externally, and a thickness of lead between, and to
do so in such manner that the thicknesses of tin will be uniform and
sufficient to ensure durability, the union of the metals perfect, and the
surfaces smooth. For this purpose I cast or otherwise form ingots each
of three thicknesses of metal, first, an internal one of tin, second, one
of lead, and third one of tin, and I manufacture pipes from such novel
combination ingots by forcing the metal while over a core out of a
cylinder through a die by hydraulic pressure.
In practice I prefer to cast ingots in the manner invented by W. A.
Shaw, and patented by him in 1863, No. 1025, and afterwards to cast
around each ingot a thickness or envelope of tin. In this way three
rings or thicknesses of metal unite to form one solid compound ingot.
I would have it understood that an alloy of tin may be used in some
cases instead of pure tin without departing from my Invention.
The relative thicknesses of tin and lead may be largely varied in the
practical production of pipes. In some cases the interior coating of tin
would require to be thicker than the exterior coating and vice versa.
Different thicknesses of lead too would be used with the same thicknesses
of tin. The great desideratum is to provide durable pipes or piping
presenting solid tin surfaces internally and externally, such pipes or
piping being adapted for the fluid to be passed through or contained in
them and for the soil or position in which they are to be used or placed.
For the production of durable and marketable water pipe, of three
quarters of an inch internal diameter, under my Invention, I have found
that a compound united ingot of cylindrical form, seventeen inches
long, and five inches diameter with a hole down the centre of three-
quarters of an inch diameter should have tin and lead in the following
proportions the inner thickness of tin, (measuring in a straight line
from the centre hole to the outer circumference) should be nine-sixteenthis
of an inch, the thickness of lead one and a half inches, and the outer
thickness of tin one-sixteenth of an inch.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and particularized
the same so that others will be enabled to carry my Invention into effect

page_text: I claim, forming compound united ingots and forcing the metal of
cach of such ingots whilst over a core out of a cylinder through a die by
hydraulic pressure, substantially as described for the purpose set forth..
In witness whereof, I, the said Norman Stewart Walker, have here--
unto set my hand and seal, the Fourteenth day of April, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
one.
NORMAN STEWART WALKER. (L.S.),
In the presence of
J. T. KING,
Patent Agent,
Liverpool.