IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPRINGS AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of Kensington, Middlesex, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPRINGS AND IN
APPARATUS THEREFOR." A communication from abroad by Wallaco Barnes,
of Washington City, United States.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert John Haddan at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st January 1882.
.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex.
THE MANUFACTURE OF SPRINGS AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR." A communication
from abroad by Wallace Barnes of Washington City United States.
This Invention relates to an improvement in and mechanism for the manufacture
of springs, the object being the production by improved mechanism of a coiled
spring, the band of which gradually increases in thickness from its inner to its
outer end.
The Invention consists in the combination with the rolls, one of which is
arranged to recedo from the other by the gradual withdrawal of screws which
impinge upon its journal bearings, of a train of gearing adapted to actuate said
screws, the driving and driven gears of said train being changeable, the inter-
mediato gear being provided with a vertically and laterally adjusting bearing
adapting it to be meshed with changeable driving and driven gear wheels.
Also in the combination with a stationary and a receding roll, the recession of
the latter being effected by the gradual withdrawal of screws from the journal
bearings of a train of gearing to actuate the screws, the intermediate gear of said
train being provided with a vertically and laterally adjustable bearing consisting
in a two armed plate the upper end of which is provided with an are shaped slot
which receives a stud adapted to be secured in any part of it.
Also in a coiled spring gradually increasing in thickness from its inner to its
outer end, throughout its entire length.
Also in a coiled spring gradually increasing in thickness from its inner to its
outer end and gradually decreasing in width in the same direction.

page_text: -
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Herbert John Haddan in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
31st July 1882.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF SPRINGS AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR." A communi-
cation from abroad by Wallace Barnes of Washington City, United States.
This Invention relates to an improvement in and mechanism for the manufacture
of springs, the object being the production by improved-mechanism of a coiled
spring the band of which gradually increases in thickness from its inner to its
outer end. With this object in view the Invention consists in certain details of
construction and combination of parts, as will be hereinafter described and pointed
out in the claims.-In the accompanying Drawings -Figure 1, is a plan view of
mechanisin constructed in accordance with this. Invention for the production of
tapered springs. Figure 2 is a view in side elevation thereof Figure 3, is a view
in vertical cross section. Figure 4, is a view in front elevation. Figure, 5 is a
plan view of one of my improved taper springs after coiling-Figure 6 is a similar
view before coiling and Figure 7 is a view in side elevation of an uncoiled spring
which decreases in width from its inner to its outer end-In the following
description the mechanism for producing the springs and its modus operandi will
first be set forth and followed by a statement of some of the peculiar advantages
possessed by the spring over those hitherto employed. Two rollers A and B
between which the springs are passed have their opposite ends journalled in
bearings located in the guideways C, formed in the upright frames D, which support
the driven gear E, and its connections, and also the driven gear F which latter
actuates said rollers. The upper or receding roller A is journalled in bearings G,
adapted to have reciprocating movement in the guideways C. Screws H, mounted
in screw shafts I formed integral with and between the upper ends of the frames D
impinge upon the upper faces of the bearings G, in which the said receding roller
is journalled. Spiral gears J, keyed to the upper ends of the screws H actuated to
cause them to impinge upon or to be withdrawn from engagement with the said
journals by worm gears K. mounted on or formed with a worm shaft L journalled
in brackets M secured to the upright frames D by rods N which also serve as
braces for the frames D. The driving gear E secured to one end of the worm
shafts L is actuated by an intermediate gear O which meshes with a driving
gear P. keyed to shaft Q upon which the belt wheel S is mounted and to which
motive force may be transmitted from any convenient source. A gear J keyed to
the shaft meshes with the driving gear F which is secured to one end of the
shaft G upon which the roller B is mounted and to the opposite end of which a
gear W is meshing with the gear V. keyed to the shaft W. of the receding roller A.
is secured. As has been before stated the object of the machine is to produce
springs the bands of which shall gradually increase in thickness from their inner
to their outer ends. In imparting this peculiarity of construction to them the ends
of the springs are inserted within the rolls when they are in suitable adjustinent
to roll the thinnest or to give the required thickness of cross section to the extreme
inner ends of the springs. As the springs progress through the rolls they are
increased in thickness by the gradual ascension of the screws H and the consequent
removal of pressure from the bearings G, of the receding roll A, allowing it to be
raised by the slightly wedge shaped band of steel between it and the stationary
roll B. The screws H are raised by motion transmitted from the belt wheel S to
them through shaft Q, driving gear P, intermediate gear O, driven gear E. shafts L
worm gears K and spiral gears J, and it must be apparent that the rapidity with

page_text: which the said screws are elevated upon which depends the gradual increase in
thickness of the springs will be the result of the relation which the several
elements of tho train of gearing above described bear to each other. In making
different grades of springs the ratios of their increase in thickness from their
inner to their outer ends will of course vary with the quality of the material
entering into their construction, their length and the use to be made of them. It
is therefore necessary in effecting such a variety of results on the same machine to
provide means for modifying the train in such manner AS to accelerate
the elevation of the screws H, and thus increase the thickness of the springs
in rapid ratio or to diminish the rate of their elevation, thereby causing
the increase in thickness of the springs to be more gradual. This modification
of the train is the most easily accomplished by providing the machine with a
set of gear wheels of different sizes and adapting it to receive them. This
adaptation consists in providing a vertically and laterally adjustable bearing for
the changeable intermediate gear O, enabling it to be meshed with both
the driven and driving gears E and P of whatever size they may be. The said
bearing consists in a two-armed support each arm of which is provided with an
elongated slot. The upper arm X in the slot Y, of which the short stud Z is
adjustably secured, is pivotted at its inner end to the driving shaft Q, while the
are shaped lower arm A which is formed integral with and depending from the
arm X is arranged to support it in any desired vertical adjustment by the reception
within its arc-shaped slot B, of a stud C provided with a collar or washer D, against
which the said arm A is adapted to be tightly held in frictional contact by an
adjustable nut E. The inner end of the stud of which as before described
reciprocates in the slot Y of the upper arm X of the bearing is screwed into a
plate F provided with a guide G. adapted to be received within the slot Y afore-
said. The stud Z is also provided with a collar H. between which and the outer
face of the arm X a washer I is interposed. By screwing the stud into the plate F.
both the said plate and the washer I. aro clamped against the arm X, thus rigidly
holding the stud in that portion of the arm in which this adjustment is effected.
An intermediate gear of any convenient size is mounted on the projecting end of
the stud Z, which is adjusted as described to bring the gear in engagement with
the driven and driving gears E and P. If it is desired to produce springs rapidly
increasing in thickness, an acceleration of the train and elevation of the screws
may be effected by adjusting in position in the train a large driving or a small
driven gear while on the other band the adjustment in the train of a small driving
or a large driven gear will cause the screws to be elevated very slowly and the
springs passed through the rolls to increase in thickness very gradually.-It is
optional to roll the springs singly or to roll a broad strip to give it the desired
taper and afterwards cut it into springs of the required width. The last-named
method will probably be more practical in the manufacture of the smaller grades
of springs inasmuch as it as economical of time in that several springs may be
rolled at once.
When the springs are rolled singly they will not only increase in
thickness from their inner to their outer ends, but they will also gradually decrease
in breadth in the same manner inasmuch as the pressure of the rolls which laterally
spreads the springs is slowly lessened from the time they enter until they have
passed through them. Springs gradually decreasing in width from their inner to
their outer ends possess an advantage over those equal in width throughout their
entire length in that, when enclosed in boxes, the lateral friction between the edges
of the coils and bottom of such boxes is in great measure done away with. When
a broad strip is passed through the rolls and afterwards cut up into narrow springs,
they may be cut to taper in width from their inner to their outer ends if desired.
In the description of the device there has been so much said of its operation that
it is not deemed necessary to give a further description thereof save only that the
belts running over the belt wheel may be reversed by means of an ordinary clutch
and that after a spring or strip of steel has been passed through the rolls, during
which time they have been gradually separated, the belt is shifted to reverse the

page_text: belt wheel and the train of gearing to restore the screws and the rolls to the same
relative positions which they respectively occupied when the spring last rolled
entered them. The shifting of the belt may be done by the operator of the machine
or by automatic mechanism. Springs constructed after this Invention possess
several advantages over those hitherto employed. It is well known that a very
large majority of springs break at or near their inner ends owing to the fact that
at their point the band is forced to make moro abrupt turns than in the outer
portions of the spring; by making the inner ends of the spring bands thinner they
become thereby more flexible and may be tightly wound without the strain which
would result were they of uniform thickness throughout their entire length. This
reduction in the breakago of springs thus effected will more than cover the extra
cost of production. Another advantage possessed by my improved spring is that
as there is a slight space interposed between the central coils the friction between
them is lessened or done away with and a large per cent. of the motive force of the
spring is utilized also owing in great measure to the same cause the motivo force
furnished by the spring is of more regular intensity. Again springs constructed
in accordance with this Invention may as above described be wound tighter than
the old forms of springs without danger of breaking thus effecting a very desirablo
economy of space. They may also for reason above given be more highly tempered
than has been before deemed practical. This type of spring will retain all its
advantageous attributes through all of the grades and classes known to the trade,
answering as well for the most delicate springs for watches as for the heaviest
used in clocks. It may be further added that the machine herein described, while
designed primarily for the manufacture of springs, has a field of usefulness as
it may be employed in imparting a tapered form to many other articles, as for
instance metallic fish pole tips and taper cutting tools. I would therefore have it
understood that I do not limit myself to the exact construction shown and described
but hold myself at liberty to make such slight changes and alterations as fairly
fall within the scope and spirit of this Invention. Having fully described¨this
Invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is.
First. In a machine for making clock-springs the combination with the rolls one
of which is arranged to recedo from the other by the gradual withdrawal of screws
which impinge upon its journal bearings of a train of gearing adapted to actuate
said screws the driving and driven gears of said train being changeable, the inter-
mediate gear being provided with a vertically and laterally adjusting bearing
adapting it to be meshed with changeable driving and driven gear wheels
substantially as set forth.
Second. The combination with a stationary and a receding roll, the recession of
the latter being effected by the gradual withdrawal of screws from the journal-
bearings of a train of gearing to actuate the screws the intermediate gear of said
train being provided with a vertically and laterally adjustable bearing consisting
in a two armed plate the upper end of which is provided with an arc-shaped slot
which receives a stud adapted to be secured in any part of it, substantially as set
forth.
Third. A coiled spring gradually increasing in thickness from its inner to its
outer end throughout its entire length.
Fourth. A coiled spring gradually increasing in thickness from its inner to its
outer end and gradually decreasing in width in the same direction substantially as
set forth.
In witness whereof I the said Herbert John Haddan havo hereunto set my
hand and seal this Thirty-first day of July A.D. 1882.