IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICK AND TILE-MAKING MACHINERY, APPLICABLE ALSO TO MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING OTHER ARTICLES FROM PLASTIC MATERIALS
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Bond and James Bond, Machinists, of the
Firm of Bond Brothers, Longridge, near Preston, in the County of
Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICK AND TILE-MAKING
MACHINERY, APPLICABLE ALSO TO MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING OTHER
ARTICLES FROM PLASTIC MATERIALS."
Sealed the 18th March 1864, and dated the 22nd September 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Bond and James
Bond at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 22nd September 1863.
We, JOHN BOND and JAMES BOND, Machinists, of the Firm of Bond
Brothers, Longridge, near Preston, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICK AND
TILE-MAKING MACHINERY, APPLICABLE ALSO TO MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING
OTHER ARTICLES FROM PLASTIC MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
Firstly, we propose in carrying out our Invention to use a pug mill placed
horizontally or vertically, or at any convenient angle with its shaft continued
through the open-end of the pug mill cylinder, and having one or more knives,
or wires, or series of cutters revolving on the outer end of the pug mill, for the
purpose of cutting flakes or flat pieces of clay or other plastic material. The
pug mill is so arranged that the flakes or pieces of clay or other plastic
material shall be delivered on to a pair or more of rollers placed beneath the
open end of the cylinder.

page_text: mill
Secondly, we propose to use either plain or fluted rollers working trans-
versely or longitudinally, or placed at any convenient angle to the pug
cylinder.
And, thirdly, we combine with these rollers a pair or more of worms or screws
placed horizontally or vertically, or at any convenient angle to the rollers of
the pug mill receiving the clay or other plastic material direct from the rollers,
and thence working in a straight line with the axles of the rollers, or at any
other convenient angle, for the purpose of conveying the same along the said
worms or screws to one end of a box or casing, and forcing the clay or other
plastic material through suitable dies or apertures of the form of the bricks,
tiles, or other articles to be made.
We give preference to use for convenience the pug mill working horizontally,
cutting and delivering clay on to the pair or more of rollers or cylinders placed
with their axes horizontal, and working at right angles or transversely under-
neath the knives, or wires, or series of cutters, and placed so as to receive the
clay from the end of the pug mill, and deliver the same direct on to the
working worms or screws placed under the rollers in a parallel direction
thereto.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Bond and James Bond in the Great Seal. Patent
Office on the 22nd March 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
BOND and JAMES BOND, Machinists, of the Firm of Bond Brothers, Longridge,
near Preston, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto us, the said John Bond and James Bond, Her special licence
that we, the said John Bond and James Bond, our executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said John Bond and James
Bond, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BRICK AND TILE-MAKING MACHINERY, APPLICABLE ALSO TO MACHINERY FOR MANU-

page_text: FACTURING OTHER ARTICLES PROM PLASTIC MATERIALS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said John Bond and James Bond, our executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or one of our, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Bond and James Bond, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement in writing, and on reference being had to the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings, that is to say :-
Firstly, we propose in carrying out our Invention to use a pug mill placed
horizontally or vertically, or at any convenient angle, with its shaft continued
through the open end of the pug mill cylinder, and having one or more knives
or wires or series of cutters revolving on the outer end of the pug mill, for the
purpose of cutting off flakes or flat pieces of clay or other plastic material.
The pug mill is so arranged that the flakes or pieces of clay or other plastic
material shall be delivered on to a pair or more of rollers placed beneath the
open end of the cylinder.
Secondly, we propose to use either plain or fluted rollers working trans-
versely or longitudinally, or placed at any convenient angle to the pug mill
cylinder.
And, thirdly, we combine with these rollers a pair or more of worms or
screws placed horizontally or vertically, or at any convenient angle to the
rollers of the pug mill receiving the clay or other plastic material direct from
the rollers, and thence working in a straight line with the axles of the rollers,
or at any other convenient angle, for the purpose of conveying the same along
the said worms or screws to one end of a box or casing, and forcing the clay
or other plastic material through suitable dies or apertures of the form of the
bricks, tiles, or other articles to be made.
We give preference to use for convenience the pug mill working horizontally,
cutting and delivering clay on to the pair or more of rollers or cylinders placed
with their axes horizontal, and working at right angles or transversely under-
neath the knives, or wires, or series of cutters, and placed so as to receive the
clay from the end of the pug mill, and deliver the same direct on to the
working worms or screws placed under the rollers in a parallel direction
thereto.

page_text: Such being the nature and object of our said Invention for "Improvements
in Brick and Tile-making Machinery, applicable also to Machinery for Manu-
facturing other Articles from Plastic Materials," we will now proceed to
describe more in detail the manner in which the same is to be or may be
performed or carried into practical effect; and in order that the same
may be distinctly understood, we have annexed hereunto a Sheet of
Drawings illustrative thereof, and have marked the same with letters of
reference corresponding with those in the following explanation thereof, that
is to say,-
In the annexed Drawing, Figure 1 represents a plan or horizontal view as
seen from above of our improved brick-making machine arranged as above
described; Figure 2 is an elevation of the same, shewing the side view of the
pug mill and the end view of the rollers, worms, and die; and Figure 3 is an
elevation showing the end view of the pug mill and longitudinal view of the
cylinders containing the worms, and rollers, and the die.
a, a, is a pug mill, the shaft of which is actuated by the driving pulleys b, b,
and spur gearing c, c; d, d, is the hopper into which the clay is thrown. The
action of the knives or arms on the revolving shaft forces the clay out at the
other end of the pug mill as usual, where it is cut off in flakes by the revolving
knife or wire e, e, and falls into the hopper f, f, which delivers it to the
rollers g. g. These rollers deliver the clay to the worms h, h, beneath, which
carry it endwise, and force it out through the die i, i, where it is cut off at
proper intervals to form bricks of the required size, by means of wires in
the usual manner. The rollers g, g, and worms h, h, are actuated by means
of the driving pulleys k, k, and spur gearing 1, l. Figure 4 is a plan view of
the rollers g, g, detached; Figure 5 is a similar view of the worms h, h ;
Figures 6 and 7 represent the revolving knife and wire, either of which may
be placed at e, e, to cut the clay into flakes as it comes from the pug mill;
and Figure 8 is a plan view of a double angle die to be used instead of the
die i, i.
Figure 9 shews an improved form of roller to be used when making drain
tiles. These rollers receive the tiles from the dies, and being grooved to fit
the tiles keep the latter in their proper form as they are delivered. The
rollers may (if preferred) be covered with leather or other material.
Having now described the nature and object of our said Invention for
"Improvements in Brick and Tile-making Machinery, applicable also to
Machinery for Manufacturing other Articles from Plastic Materials," together
with the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or
carried into practical effect, we would remark, in conclusion, that we do

page_text: not claim any of the above-named parts when taken separately (excepting the
knife and wire, Figures 6 and 7, and the double angle die, Figure 8); but
what we claim as our Invention is,―
Firstly, the general combination and arrangement of machine for such
purposes, as shown in the Drawings and above described, or any mere modifi-
cation thereof, without confining ourselves to the precise form, dimensions, or
position of the various parts.
Secondly, we claim the revolving knife, Figure 6, and wire, Figure 7.
And. thirdly, the double angle dies, Figure 8, and the grooved roller,
Figure 9.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Bond and James Bond, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Eighteenth day of March,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
four.
JOHN BOND.
(L.S.)
JAMES BOND. (L.S.)
JOHN BOND.
(L.S.)
JAMES BOND. (L.S.)