A NEW SYSTEM OF PLATING AND PLASTERING HOUSES AND PUBLIC: BUILDINGS WITH NATURAL STONES
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Aignan Jutteau, of the City of Orleans, in the
:
Department of the Loiret, Empire of France, Architect, for the Inven
tion of "A NEW SYSTEM OF PLATING AND PLASTERING HOUSES AND PUBLIC:
BUILDINGS WITH NATURAL STONES."
Sealed the 14th December 1860, and dated the 22nd June 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Aignan Jutteau at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
June 1860.
I, AIGNAN JUTTEAU, of the City of Orleans, in the Department of the
Loiret, Empire of France, Architect, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A NEW SYSTEM OF PLATING AND PLASTERING HOUSES AND.
PUBLIC BUILDINGS WITH NATURAL STONES," to be as follows:-
When the entire facade of a house or public building of any kind requires..
renovation, instead of using cements I propose to re-face the building with
natural stone, either renewing the outside in the same form, or partially or
wholly changing the style of architecture. I propose to effect this operation
when there is sufficient space, and the style of the building will allow it, by
entirely renewing the frontage (or the whole building from the foundation
upwards), fitting the new stonework together by ploughing, tongueing,
grooving, morticing, tenoning, and otherwise causing the new stonework to
ailhere in all its parts, and ensuring solidity by tying the new work to the old.

page_text: walls by cramps, plaister, and other material. Or, when the style of the building
will not admit of this mode of proceeding, I cut grooves or lines lengthwise,
breadthwise, diagonally, or otherwise across or upon the old walls. I then
(using thinner stone than in the first-mentioned operation) cause the back of
the new stone to fit into these grooves (which may be chamfered inwardly to 5
ensure better holding), and fix it with plaster of Paris, or any plaster or
cement which will cause the stone or other material to adhere solidly to the
walls, casements, doorways, and other parts of the building.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Aignan Jutteau in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th December 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, AIGNAN
JUTTEAU, of the City of Orleans, in the Department of the Loiret, Empire of
France, Architect, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Aignan Jutteau, Her special licence that I, the said Aignan
Jutteau, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Aignan Jutteau, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW
SYSTEM OF PLATING AND PLASTERING HOUSES AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS WITH NATURAL
STONES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Aignan Jutteau,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Aignan Jutteau, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,

page_text: reference being had to the annexed Sheets of Drawings, and to the figures
.and letters of reference marked thereon:-
My Invention consists in re-covering or renewing in a solid and durable
manner the surfaces of monuments, mansions, or buildings of any description
with natural stone, giving to an old edifice not only the appearance of a new
one, but altering its style as may be desired from one order of architecture to
another. Although my method of re-covering is more particularly intended
for restoring and improving old and dilapidated buildings, it may also be used
with advantage on new edifices constructively adapted to my system.
My improvements are productive of great advantages; their adoption will
economise the cost of labor, carriage, and material, also (the original edifice
being retained) the great cost of demolition and re-building the carcases of
houses or other structures is saved.
My Invention will be most readily understood by reference to the accom-
panying Drawings.
Sheet 1 represents two views of the front of an old mansion, on the left the
face of the edifice is shewn in a dilapidated condition, and on the right restored
by my method. of veneering with natural stone, as thus:-At the corners, by
veneers forming pilaster; at the sills and window cases, by veneers forming
tongue and moulded plinths; at the jambs and platbands of the doors and
windows, by moulded casings and copings; at the garret windows, by veneers
in form of consoles or brackets and sculptured crown, or copings; and so on
throughout the front of the building, which will be perfectly solid, and have
all the appearance of a new edifice, and any stone found in the neighbourhood
may be used for my purpose.
In Sheet 2, I shew the principles and details of my system applicable not
only to the plan above described and shewn in Sheet 1, but to every description
of restoration and construction where veneers of natural stone are to be used.
Figures 1 and 2 shew part of a moulded casing of door or window as in
Sheet 1. The joints in form of grooves and tongues dovetail the one in the
other, and thus secure to each part of the arrangement a common solidity. I
would here observe, that the mouldings and forms shewn may vary according
to the style adopted. Figure 3 shews the same casing in horizontal section
applied to a jamb. It is often difficult when a jamb is of hard stone to place
a veneer without cutting the stone to set it in, and to avoid covering the
wooden framing of the door or window, but in cutting or notching this stone
the masonry may be shaken, and damage ensue. My method in such case is
to scrape as deeply as possible between the joints of the stones or bricks, and
to place the vencer slightly projecting, and with a groove in it, as shewn in

page_text: the Drawing, coating the face upon which the veneer is to be placed with a
plaster mixed with a fifth part of Roman cement; this coating will enter and
grasp as it were the joints and faults in the stone, and also the groove in the
veneer, securing its solidity. This coating, as may be seen at Figures 3 and 6, is
sheltered by the projection of the casing. The colour of the plaster should be
as nearly as possible that of the stone, and this I obtain by carefully mixing
with the dry plaster yellow ochre and soot until the dry plaster in powder is of
the same shade of color as the veneering stones. Figure 4 shews the
application of the veneer to supports, plinths, and projecting pieces generally.
I make a groove or notch in the projection, into which groove dovetails the
veneer, as shewn. This hook joint I often employ in my system of veneering,
as presenting a strength and solidity leaving nothing to desire. Above the
said veneer I leave a tongue piece, which will take into the casing veneer,
and beneath is a console or bracket, which may be let into the masonry
with the object of supporting the weight and balance the pieces applied.
Figures 5 and 6 shew a platband in veneer, and the veneer is fitted in like
manner, whether the platbands are straight or arched. The key is here, as
always, the soul of the whole apparatus, and is, therefore, solidly fixed by a strong
dovetail piece (Figure 6) behind it, which takes into a groove cut above, or
in the old key, but preferably above, so as not to shake the old masonry. To
this end it is always easy in architecture to give sufficient height to the keys,
and thus facilitate the application of my system.
In the sides of the new veneer key are two grooves A, B, to receive the
tenons of the platband veneer, which thus fixed to the key supports easily the
crown or entablature of moulded veneer. This key system may be applied to
intermediate keystones in platbands or mouldings of great extent, and to
consoles or brackets intended to support projecting veneers. When the
moulded or sculptured crown, of which I have spoken, projects very much, I
provide at the back several pointed tenons, (C, D, Figure 6,) which will enter
the masonry or slots made in the stone on which the veneer is to be applied.
It will be evident by the foregoing, that the veneers support one another up
to the key.stone, which is solidly secured to the old building. In localities
where the nature of the stone will provide but small pieces, one or two pieces
will be tied together in forming the casing of a door or window, either by my
system from the back of the veneer, as at Figures 4 and 6, or by one or two
cramps of copper or galvanized iron. The Figures 7 and 8 shew my system
of veneering applied to pilasters with cross fluting. In Figure 7 the vertical
joints cross and unite with each other by tongue and groove. In Figure 8
the cross fluting forms the tongue, which dovetails into the layer above it.

page_text: This method should be used whenever the upper veneer projects even with
mouldings, as at Figure 9, and also as at Figure 10. In simple pilasters the
vertical and horizontal joints are the same, each piece being equally tied to
and supported by the other.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the means by
which I carry it into effect, I would have it understood that I do not confine
myself to the precise details herein set forth and shewn in the Drawings
hereunto annexed; but I claim as of my Invention, covering and renewing,
or altering the appearance or style of architecture of the exterior of houses or
edifices of any description with plates, slabs, or veneers of natural stone, dove-
tailing the one into the other, and fitting into the body of the building, whether
by the system of tongue, groove, and tenon above described and shewn in the
Drawings, or by any similar mode of attachment.
-
In witness whereof, I, the said Aignan Jutteau, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
Witness,
G. TRIPEAU,
Boulevart du Chemin de Fer, 32,
Orléans (Loiret).
TEAU. (L.S.)