IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING RINGS SUITABLE FOR MAKING TYRES OF RAILWAY WHEELS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ernst Fredrik Göransson, of Gefle, near Sandviken,
Sweden, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING RINGS SUITABLE
FOR MAKING TYRES OF RAILWAY WHEELS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
Sealed the 18th June 1867, and dated the 28th December 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ernst Fredrik Göransson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the
28th December 1866.
I, ERNST FREDRIK GÖRANSSON, of Gefle, near Sandviken, Sweden, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING
RINGS SUITABLE FOR MAKING TYRES OF RAILWAY WHEELS AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in casting rings suitable for
making tyres for railway wheels and for other purposes. When rings of steel
are cast with a sand core the sand becomes burnt on to the surface of the
metal, and is the source of great difficulty in the subsequent operations of the
manufacture. Metal cores also, as heretofore arranged, are very difficult to
manage as the cast ring contracts upon them, and if the core is not withdrawn
exactly at the right moment the ring splits and becomes useless.
According to my Invention I employ a core made in two parts, each a
truncated cone or other similar taper form, the smaller or truncated ends of
the two parts of the core butt together at the centre of the ring, whilst their
bases or larger ends are outwards. The two parts of the core are drawn

page_text: together by a lever and weight or similar contrivance, which lifts the lower
part up to the upper; when, however, the cast ring contracts on the core the
two parts being taper start back, leaving a space between them in the centre,
and so the strain which would otherwise result from the contraction of the
cast ring is relieved. I prefer to cast several rings, usually four, at the same
time, and for this purpose I arrange the moulds in a circle around a central
mould open at the top, and suitable both to serve as a head of metal for the
ring moulds and also to form an ingot to be afterwards forged into axles or
other forms. There are openings around the bottom of the central mould
to supply metal to the ring moulds, each of which consists, in addition
to the double taper core already described, of a base plate with a hole in the
centre for the lower part of the core to work in, and which hole this part of
the core fits accurately. On this base plate the top of the mould fits, it is a
cylinder closed at the top, with the exception of the hole for the upper part
of the core, which, however, does not fit its hole closely all round, but spaces
are left to allow the free escape of the air; these spaces are narrow so that as
the metal enters them it solidifies and does not escape, although the ingot
mould in the centre is filled to a height considerably above the top of the ring
mould.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Ernst Fredrik Göransson in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 28th June 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ERNST
FREDRIK GÖRANSSON, of Gefle, near Sandviken, Sweden, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Ernst Fredrik Göransson, Her special licence that I, the said Ernst
Fredrik Göransson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Ernst Fredrik Göransson, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING RINGS SUITABLE FOR MAKING TYRES OF RAILWAY

page_text: WHEELS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Ernst Fredrik Göransson, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
5 Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Ernst Fredrik Göransson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention bas for its object improvements in casting rings suitable
for making tyres for railway wheels and for other purposes. When rings of
steel are cast with a sand core, the sand becomes burnt on to the surface of
the metal, and is the source of great difficulty in the subsequent operations
of the manufacture. The sand core and runner also are liable to have small
pieces detached from them which become embedded in the metal. Metal
cores also as heretofore arranged are very difficult to manage as the cast ring
contracts upon them, and if the core is not withdrawn exactly at the right
moment the ring splits and becomes useless.
According to my Invention I employ a core made in two parts, each a trun-
cated cone or other similar taper form; the smaller or truncated ends of the two
parts of the core butt together at the centre of the ring whilst their bases or
larger ends are outwards.
And in order that my said Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto
annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a vertical section; and Figure 2 is a plan of the arrangement,
I prefer for casting rings for railway tyres and other
purposes.
a, a, are base blocks of cast iron on which the apparatus stands; b is a
central upright.mould serving both to hold a head of metal for the ring moulds,
and also to form an ingot suitable to be made into axles or otherwise used.
At the bottom of this mould are two or other number of rectangular openings
or notches corresponding in number with the rings to be cast into these openings
or notches; the fire-brick blocks c, c, are fitted and luted in with fire-clay.
They have openings through them for the passage of the metal to the
ring moulds: the passages are formed in fire-brick to avoid the too ravil

page_text: chilling of the metal; d, d, are the outer cases of the ring moulds. They are
cylinders of cast iron somewhat tapered and with an inner projecting flange
at the upper end, they are also notched out at the bottom to receive the
fire-brick block c, c; e, e, are the covers of the moulds each having cast with
it one-half of the double taper core; these covers rest upon the tops of the
pieces d, d, they are perforated at their highest parts at d¹, d', to allow of
the escape of air from the mould; these holes as is shown are of small size so
that the metal may set in them as soon as they become filled; d, d², are eye
bolts employed in lifting the covers; f, f, are the lower halves of the double
taper cores; they stand upon the base plates a, and the smaller or truncated
ends of the two cones of which each core is formed just meet in the centre
of the mould. In casting the rings the Bessemer steel or other metal is
poured into the central upright mould until the ring moulds are full, and
until the metal stands in the mould b at a height, say, of two feet above the
top of the ring mould covers so as to form a head sufficient to ensure sound
castings. As the metal cools in the ring moulds and contracts on the core,
the two parts of which the core is formed slightly separate, and the parts d
ande of the mould rise a short distance. The cast rings are afterwards forged
and rolled into tyres as is well understood.
Figure 3 is a transverse section showing another form which may con-
veniently be given to the parts of the ring mould, in this case the lower
cone of the double taper core is cast with the base plate a, whilst the cover of
the mould consists of the other part of the core, and the escape of the air
from the mould takes place between this part of the core, and the part d of
the mould into which in fits. There are studs on the outside of the parts d
by which to lift them, and there are lugs on the upper parts of the core so
that the two parts may lift together.
Figure 4 is a transverse section of another arrangement in which the lower
part of the core is able to descend as well as the upper part to rise. The
base plate a has a hole in its centre into which the part e of the core fits; it
is hung to the rod e¹ which is jointed to the lever f, having its fulcrum on the
part of the mould, and carrying a counterbalance weight at its outer end
sufficient to raise the lower part e of the core up to the upper. It is evident
that in place of this counterbalance weight, the lower part of the core may
be supported by a spring, such for example, as a domed plate of steel or
otherwise in such manner that it may be able to descend when the cast ring
contracts upon it. The outer case d and the upper part of the double taper
core are constructed as in Figure 3, except that the outer case is formed with
a fulcrum for the lever f, and the upper part of the core has a hole through

page_text: it for the passage of the rod e¹. In a similar manner tyres may be cast in
an upright position but not so conveniently as on the flat as herein-before
described.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself
to the exact details described; but I claim in casting rings suitable for making
tyres of railway wheels and for other purposes the forming the core of the mould
in two parts, each a truncated cone or other similar taper form, the smaller
or truncated ends of the two parts of the core meeting in the centre of
the ring whilst their bases or larger ends are outwards as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ernst Fredrik Göransson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
E. FR. GORANSSON. (L.s.)