IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH. LOADING GUNS, AND IN PROJECTILES AND CARTRIDGES
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Lindner, of Old Broad Street, in the City
of London, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH.
LOADING GUNS, AND IN PROJECTILES AND CARTRIDGES."
Sealed the 27th March 1866, and dated the 30th September 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Lindner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
September 1865.
I, EDWARD LINDNER, of Old Broad Street, in the City of London, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for 'IMPROVEMENTS IN
BREECH-LOADING GUNS, AND IN PROJECTILES AND CARTRIDGES." to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, first, in constructing the rear of the barrel funnel-
shaped, and in forming projectiles to be used therewith of different diameters,
the fore part being of such diameter that it will enter the bore of the gun,
while the rear part is enlarged in the form of a hollow cone, in order that
when the gun is fired the rear part of the projectile shall be forced into the
bore and take the rifling thereof. I form my cartridges with a case having
at the back a central hollow space, into which for percussion guns I insert
the cap.
I form a thread on the nipple of the gun, and on loading before
inserting the charge in the breech, I place the cartridge over the nipple, give
it a partial turn, and leave the cap on the nipple. I form a screw on the face
of the breech holt, and on the discharge of the gun the aperture in the rear
of the case is forced back on the screw, and on opening the breech the case
is withdrawn with the bolt and removed by hand before again loading.
[Price 8d.1

page_text: Instead of the screw on the face of the breech bolt, I sometimes form
dovetail recesses and make projections on the rear of the cartridge case, so
that on the discharge the projections may be forced into the recesses and the
case withdrawn on drawing back the breech bolt.
For cartridges for needle guns I insert a washer in the recess at the rear
of the cartridge case, face it with lubricating material, and in front of that is
the fulminating composition. On the firing of the charge the needle traverses
the washer and the lubricatingcomposition, and the washer protects the needle
from injury from the powder. And I withdraw the needle by means of two
inclined planes fitting into the breech-closing apparatus.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Lindner in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
29th March 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
LINDNER, of Old Broad Street, in the City of London, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Edward Lindner, Her special licence that I, the said Edward
Lindner, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Edward Lindner, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BREECH-LOADING GUNS, AND IN PROJECTILES AND CARTRIDGES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Edward Lindner, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Linder, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-

page_text: formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in aud and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
that is to say:-
My Invention consists, first, in forming projectiles to be used with guns
in which the rear of the barrel is funnel-shaped of different diameters, the
fore part being of such diameter that it will enter the bore of the gun, while
the rear part is enlarged in the form of a hollow cone, in order that when the
gun is fired the rear part of the projectile shall be forced into the bore, and
take the rifling thereof. This part of my Invention will be understood on
reference to Figs. 1 to 4.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal seetion of a cartridge, in which the projectile a is
formed as before described; Fig. 2 is a similar view of a cartridge, in
which the projectile is also formed as before described, but differing slightly
in shape from that represented in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a similar view of a
cartridge, in which the projectile a, instead of being enlarged at the rear part
in the form of a hollow cone, fits into a sabot b, the rear part of which is in
the form of a hollow cone; Fig. 4 represents the cartridge shown in
Fig. 1 placed in a gun; the rear of the barrel at c is funnel-shaped, the
fore part of the projectile a enters the bore of the gun, while the enlarged
rear part is received in the funnel-shaped portion c, so that when the gun is
fired this rear part is forced into the bore, and takes the rifling thereof.
I form my cartridges with a case having at the back a central hollow space
I form a
Figs. 1 to 4, into which for percussion guns I insert the cap e.
thread on the nipple of the gun, and on loading, before inserting the charge in
the breech, I place the cartridge over the nipple, give it a partial turn, and
leave the cap on the nipple. This improvement applies to cartridges with
projectiles of any form. I form a screw or notched projection f, Fig. 4, on
the face of the breech bolt g, and on the discharge of the gun the aperture d
in the rear of the cartridge case is forced back on this screw or projection, and
when the breech is opened the case is withdrawn with the boltgand removed
before again loading.
d
Fig. 5 represents a modified form of projection or catch for receiving the
aperture d in the rear of the cartridge case on the discharge of the gun.
A split pin is screwed into the face of the breech bolt g; this pin has a
conical head, and when the gun is discharged the aperture is forced over this
head, pressing the two halves of the pin together. When the case is pulled
off the halves of the pin again open. Instead of the screw or projection for
catch on the face of the breech bolt, I sometimes form dovetail recesses as
at h, Fig. 6, and make projections i on the rear of the cartridge case, so

page_text: that on the discharge the projections may be forced into the recesses and the
case withdrawn on drawing back the breech bolt g. Instead of inserting the
percussion cap in an aperture in the rear of the cartridge case so that it may
be transferred to the nipple of the gun before loading, as before explained, it
may, for greater convenience, be inserted in a space or aperture in the side of
the cartridge case, as atj, Fig. 7, so that it may be transferred in the same
manner to the nipple.
For cartridges for needle guns I insert a washer k of paper, thin soft metal,
or other suitable material, Fig. 8, in the recess at the rear of the cartridge
case, face it with lubricating material, and in front of that is the fulminating
composition l. On the firing of the charge the needle mtraverses the washer
and the lubricating composition, and the washer protects the needle from
injury from the power.
The last part of my Invention consists in withdrawing the needle after the
discharge by means of inclined planes fitting into the breech-closing apparatus.
This improvement is represented in Fig. 9. The needle is screwed into
P
the front end of a rod n, and passes through a leather or other washer o fitted
in a recess in the front of the breech bolt g, and kept in place by a block
screwed into the bolt g. The rod n is received in a chamber formed in the
bolt g, and is steadied by springs q. The rod n has fitted on the rear end
thereof a block r, the face of which consists of inclined planes, which fit against
corresponding inclines s on the rear of the breech bolt g. The block is
prevented turning by a projection t. After the discharge the handle u is
turned aquarter revolution to the left to release the breech closing apparatus,
and in this movement the inclines s on the bolt g press against the inclines of
the block r, and as this block cannot turn owing to the projection t it is
pushed back into the position shown by dotted lines, the rod n and needle
moving back with it. A catch v on a lever w is then forced by a spring a
through an aperturey in the bolt g,takes in front of a projection z on the rod n,
and holds the needle back until released by the trigger at the nextdischarge.
The whole of the breech-closing apparatus is next drawn back together with
the needle, a fresh cartridge is inserted, the breech-closing apparatus is pushed
forward and turned a quarter revolution to the right by the handle u, and the
parts are in position for firing. a¹ is a cap fitting over the rear of the breech
bolt and the block r.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as my improve-
ments in breech-loading guns, and in projectiles and cartridges,-
First, forming projectiles (to be used with guns in which the rear of the

page_text: barrel is constructed funnel shaped) of different diameters, the fore part being
of such diameter that it will enter the bore of the gun, while the rear part is
enlarged in the form of a hollow cone, substantially in the manner and
for the purpose herein-before described and represented in the accompanying
Drawings.
Second, inserting a percussion cap in a space or aperture in the cartridge
case in such a manner that the cap may be transferred to the nipple of the
gun before loading, substantially as herein-before described and represented in
the accompanying Drawings.
Third, constructing the face of the breech bolt with a screw or notched
projection or catch, and constructing cartridge cases with a corresponding
space or aperture in the rear, substantially in the manner and for the purpose
herein-before described and represented in the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth, constructing the face of the breech bolt with dovetail recesses, and
constructing cartridge cases with corresponding projections at the rear, sub-
stantially in the manner and for the purpose herein-before described, and
represented in the accompanying Drawings.
Fifth, constructing cartridges for needle guns with a washer in a recess at
the rear of the cartridge case, faced or not with lubricating material, behind
the fulminating composition, substantially in the manner and for the purpose
herein-before described and represented in the accompanying Drawings.
Sixth, constructing breech-loading guns in which inclined planes fitting
into the breech-closing apparatus are employed for withdrawing the needle,
substantially in the manner herein-before described and represented in the
accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Lindner, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of March, One thousand eight
dad and airtoix
EDWARD LINDNER. (L.B.)