matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLINGS OR UNIONS FOR TAPS AND PIPES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Mason at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th September 1880.
SAMUEL MASON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Bar Fitter.
*IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLINGS OR UNIONS FOR TAPS AND PIPES."
This Invention consists in forming the couplings or unions for taps and pipes
without screws, and it applies chiefly to the couplings of taps and pipes for beer
barrels and beer engines, though useful also for coupling lengths of water hose and
other like purposes. In applying this coupling to a beer tap for the purpose of
connecting it to the pipe of the beer engine, I form on the spout end an angular
collar. By preference I make this collar four sided, though three, six, eight, or any
number of angles may be used, and on the pipe of the beer engine I form a free
collar box, in which the end of the pipe of the engine is free, but prevented from
escaping from the box by a flange on the pipe. The face of this collar box where it
is to engage with the collar on the tap, is cut into a number of sides corresponding
with those upon the collar, and the thickness of the metal forming this face is
bevilled on the underside, to afford a wedge like hold when the parts are combined,
which is thus effected: the collar on the tap being placed within the box on the
pipe, the box is slightly turned so that the angles on the collar engage under the
sides in the face plate of the box and thus the parts are combined. To release them
a slight turn in the contrary direction is all that is requisite. In coupling hose or
pipes of any other description without taps it is merely necessary to attach the
angular collar to ono part, and the box to another.
IMPROVEMENTS APPARATUS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Alexander Lund at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th July 1880.
JOHN ALEXANDER LUND, of the Firm of Barraud and Lunds, of 41, Cornhill,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
in the City of London, Manufacturers.
SYNCHRONIZING OR SETTING CLOCKS OR OTHER TIME KEEPERS."
My Invention relates to synchronizing or setting clocks or other time keepers by
means of an electric current, or by a pneumatic or other time signal, which is sent
every hour or other given time from a normal or standard clock to all the clocks to
be set or synchronized, and acts upon the "motion" carrying the minute hand of
cach of such clocks, and sets the same to correct time. The main object of the
present improvements is to allow of the clocks being set or corrected from a greater
error than has hitherto been attainable with apparatus of this description, and
even to correct an error, whether fast or slow, up to the extreme limit of 30
minutes.
The improvements mainly consist of means whereby the minute spring is
momentarily thrown out of action, theroby leaving the "motion" entirely free to be
acted upon by a weighted lever or other analogous device released by the time
signal, whether sent by an electric current or otherwise. The manner in which I
prefer to carry out the Invention is as follows:—
I fix to any convenient wheel in the "motion" work, or to any wheel geared
therein, a heart piece similar to those used in chronograph watches, and in
connection with this heart picce I use a step piece and levers also similar to those
used in chronograph watches; the step piece, which in chronograph watches is
caused to revolve by successive pressures of a finger on a button external to the
watch, is in this case caused to revolve by the fall of a weighted lever, and instead
of the action of the levers connected with the step and heart pieces in a chronograph
watch alternately starting, stopping, and returning the chronograph hand, I cause
a similar combination of a step piece, heart piece, and levers, when being carried
round by the falling weighted lever, to release the minute spring, set the hands,
momentarily detain the hands at correct time, and reset the minute spring, leaving
the clock then to go on until the next successive set.
The weighted lever may be lifted into position to act again when the current is
again received in any suitable manner, either from the "motion" or train work of
the clock, or otherwise, as will be well understood.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GLOVE FASTENERS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Foley Hall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th July 1880.
WILLIAM FOLEY HALL, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GLOVE FASTENERS."
This Invention consists in attaching to the one side of the glove a plate of metal
carrying in a groove or sinking upon it a flat steel spring. To the front of this
plate of metal at one end is hinged a lid or covering with a projecting heel piece
bearing upon the spring. Upon the first mentioned plate is a small stud, the
underside of the lid or covering being countersunk to receive the head of
the stud. To fasten the glove an eylet attached to the other side of the glove is
brought over the stud, and the lid or covering being closed down the two sides of
the glove are securely fastened, and can only be released by raising the covering.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS LIGHTING APPARATUS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Bradshaw and James Haworth
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th January 1880.
JAMES BRADSHAW, Watchmaker, and JAMES HAWORTH, Upholsterer, both of
Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS LIGHTING
APPARATUS."
This Invention relates to an improved construction of gas burner, and to a
combination of improved gas burner or burners with deflecting plates, so as to
ensure a more complete expansion of flame and maximum amount of light.
We construct gas burners having one of the sides or outer portions bevelled or
cut away, and the aperture or apertures therein so formed as that the flame will be
at an angle to the burner, and impinge on and against a deflecting plate; by the
latter the flame is spread out so as to obtain the maximum amount of light from a
given quantity of gas consumed. In some cases two of such angle burners, having
a deflecting plate between them, is used, each side of the plate being used for
spreading the flame.
AN IMPROVED BUFFER FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES OR OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION 'left by George Kerr Hannay at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd October 1880.
GEORGE KERR HANNAY, of Haverthwaite, in the County Palatine of Lancaster.
"AN IMPROVED BUFFER FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES OR OTHER VEHICLES."
This Invention, which relates to an improved buffer for railway carriages and
other vehicles, has for its object in the case of collisions to cause the force of the
collision to be spread in all directions in place of in the direction of the train of
carriages only, that is to say, longitudinally. This object is effected by so con-
structing the buffers that they may contain a liquid, through which when a blow
or pressure takes place the force thereof is spread in every direction throughout
the liquid. The improved buffer consists of a cylinder fitted with a piston which
acts against the liquid, and this cylinder may be provided with a safety valve to
allow of the escape of a portion of the liquid in the event of an excessive pressure.
It is preferred to charge the improved buffers with a non-freezing liquid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE TREADING OF HEALDS AND WARP THREADS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Poole at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th March 1880.
JAMES POOLE, of Bradford, in the County of York, Overlooker.
“IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE TREADING OF HEALDS
AND WARP THREADS FOR WEAVING."
My Invention relates to improvements in the mechanism for regulating the
treading of healds and warp threads for weaving, described in my Specification of
Letters Patent, dated December 18th one thousand eight hundred and seventy
eight, numbered 5196, and illustrated by Figures 11 to 14 both inclusive.
My object is to arrange the apparatus in such a manner that the inside of the
loom between the framework is clear of the rods that connect the apparatus to the
bottom jack levers. Also to dispense with one-half the quantity of cards when
weaving patterns that are the same on both sides of the centre of pattern.
I accomplish my objects in the following manner :-
The long draw bars are extended at the back end, and fit into a series of L levers
that are mounted on to the cylinder shaft, which are free to work thereon. The
bottom arms of these levers project. from the centre of the loom, and are connected
by rods to the bottom jack levers which are extended to the outside of the frame-
work, and are secured to the bottom part of the loom; thus, when the draw bars are
actuated and raise or lower the healds, the bottom jack levers work in unison with
the same.
In order to weave a pattern that is the same on both sides of the centre with
one-half the cards that are usually used, I place a catch on each side of the card
cylinder, the bottom ends of these catches are in connection with a horizontal rod
that is jointed at one end to a lever that is suspended by a pin as fulcrum, near the
top part of the apparatus. The card cylinder is worked in the ordinary manner,
and in the card that regulates the healds for the centre of the pattern I fix a stud,
which when the card comes to the top actuates a lever that is in contact with a
catch wheel, and causes the same to turn on its centre; this catch wheel is secured
to a star wheel having half the number of projections as there are teeth in the catch
wheel. The star wheel is in contact with the last named lever, and when any of
the projections are in contact with the lever, the same places the far catch in gear.
with the card cylinder, and when any of the flats between the projections are in
contact with the said lever, the near catch is in gear with the card cylinder, and
thus reverses the travel of the cards.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VINEGAR COMPOUNDS FOR PICKLING AND PRESERVING FRUITS, VEGETABLES, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gustavus Holland, of San Francisco, in the State of
California, one of the United States of America, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VINEGAR COMPOUNDS FOR PICKLING AND PRESERVING
FRUITS, VEGETABLES, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES."
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Gustavus Holland at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th June 1880.
GUSTAVUS HOLLAND, of San Francisco, in the State of California, one of the
United States of America. "IMPROVEMENTS IN VINEGAR COMPOUNDS FOR PICKLING
AND PRESERVING FRUIT, VEGETABLES, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES."
My said Invention relates to that class of compounds used in condiments to
preserve and make them agreeable to the taste, and at the same time is anti-
dyspeptic and intended to prevent those disagreeable effects which strong acids
ordinarily used in pickles have upon the stomach. To preparo the anti-dyspeptic
vinegar, take of the tincture of ginger and capsicum each one ounce, to which is
added one ounce of common fine salt, of the oil of cloves, cassia, mace, pimento,
cach six drops, oil of capsicum three drops. Dissolve the above essential oils in a
sufficient quantity of alcohol to cut them; then take one quart of pure wine or
cider vinegar and two fluid ounces of glycerine and mix them together, and add to
the preparation aforesaid, to wit, the essential oils, ginger, capsicum, and salt, as
above described, which after such mixture is ready to be used in the same manner
as the ordinary vinegar in pickling and preserving all kinds of condiments, such as
cucumbers, gherkins, fruits, and vegetables. The vinegar I have found when
prepared in this way loses its harshness, and does not affect unfavorably the
weakest stomach of those who partake of condiments so pickled or preserved in it,
because the glycerine neutralizes and softens the acid in the vinegar; hence the
acid has lost its power to do harm to persons who have a sensitive mucous lining
of the stomach.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I wish it distinctly understood that I claim,―
A compound consisting of vinegar ordinarily used in condiments for pickling or
preserving, in combination with glycerino, substantially in the manner and
proportions as herein specified.
In witness whereof, I, tho said Gustavus Holland, have hereunto set my
band and seal, this Twenty fifth day of May, A.D. 1880.
GUSTAVUS HOLLAND (LS)
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HOLDING MATCHES OR OTHER ARTICLES, AND FOR PRESENTING THEM FOR USE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Constable at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th July 1880.
HENRY CONSTABLE, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR HOLDING MATCHES OR OTHER ARTICLES, AND FOR PRESENTING
THEM FOR USE."
The Invention relates primarily to match boxes holding a number of matches,
which are placed parallel and can be turned out for use one after the other by a
simple contrivance or mechanism without opening the box.
The receptacle holding the matches contains a catch or saddle broad enough for
one match, and forming part of or being connected with a movable slide, while
the top of the receptacle has a slit placed in the line of motion of the slide, the
latter being moved one way by hand and the opposite way by elastic bands or
springs. I prefer to make the receptacle in the shape of a three sided prism,
one edge of which is turned downward and connected with a stand forming
a guide for the slide, which may be attached to the base plate of the instrument.
The slit in the top of the receptacle may be surrounded on three sides by a
frame provided with a lid, which protects the slit from rain, and has a rough
underside for automatically igniting the matches when they are drawn out from
the front.
The box may, however, have any suitable shape, and the saddle or catch, instead
of moving in a straight line, may be made to move in a curve. The same Invention
may also be adapted to boxes for holding billiard balls, pills, or other articles, the
shape of the saddle or catch and the size of the instrument depending in each case
upon the size and shape of the articles which are to be stored and turned out one
after the other when required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIDS OR COVERS FOR JARS, BOTTLES, AND OTHER RECEPTACLES."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolf Vilhelm Langstedt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th September 1880.
ADOLF VILHELM LANGSTEDT, of Copenhagen Store, Kongensgade, No. 46.
" IMPROVEMENTS IN LIDS OR COVERS FOR JARS, BOTTLES, AND OTHER
RECEPTACLES."
My improvements consist of a ready means of fitting jars, bottles, and other
receptacles with lids, and furnishing such lids with a slab of glass, marble, or other
substance, in order to preserve the contents thereof from contact with the air,
dust, or damp.
I form such lids in two principal parts. The lower portion is composed of a
ring, which encircles the upper portion near the edge of the jar. This ring has an
opening on one side and two lugs, one at each side of the opening, with a thumb
screw passing through one lug and tapped or screwed into the other lug. One of
theso lugs is also fitted with a spring catch, which holds down the upper portion
or lid when the jar is closed. On the opposite side of this lower ring one half of
a hinge is formed, the other half of such hinge being formed on the upper portion
herein after described.
By means of the screw and lugs the lower portion or ring can be fitted to and
firmly attached to the upper edge of the jar.
The upper half of the lid is also formed of a ring having the corresponding half
of the hinge herein before mentioned attached thereto.
When I use a ring for the upper half, I close the central space left by such ring
with glass, marble, or any other suitable substance, and sometimes instead of
making use of a ring for the upper portion I make it in one of the same material
throughout.
When the two portions are placed in position with a pin through the hinge, the
lid is complete, and it may be closed at pleasure, and kept closed by means of the
spring catch herein before described.
The materials of which my improved covers are inade may be very much varied,
and they may be constructed with the aid of stamping machinery, when thought
advisable, for producing large numbers economically, and may be also variously
ornamented in pattern, design, and colour..
IN HORSE RAKES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred William Tooley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th July 1880.
ALFRED WILLIAM TOOLEY, of Ipswich, in the County of Suffolk.
IN HORSE RAKES."
"IMPROVEMENTS
Various attempts have been made to raise the tines of horse rakes by causing a
brake or brakes to act on the travelling wheels when it is required to raise the
tines, but difficulties have arisen in obtaining a good firm hold of the brake on the
wheel, and consequently the action to a great extent cannot be relied upon. Now
the chief object of the first part of my Invention is to remedy this defect. Instead
of causing the brake as heretofore to act directly on the wheel, I cause it to act
thereon, as it were, indirectly, and for this purpose I impart to the brake or to that
part thereof which presses on the rim of the wheels a twisting motion, for this
purpose I make that part or those parts which grip or grips the wheel or wheels of
clip like form, and these are connected to or made in a piece with rods or bars
extending to bearings at each end of the rake. Upon each end of the rake I
provide suitable bearings through which bars or levers revolve projecting towards
the rim or tyre of the wheels; these bars or levers are bent round or formed into
jaws at their ends so as to loosely clasp both sides of the tyres of the wheels. On
the other end of each lever I place a small pinion which gears into worms or
quadrant attached to the ends of a horizontal spindle or shaft. The horizontal
spindle or shaft which is suspended in bearings, passes along the length of the
rake and under the foot of the driver. At or about the centre of the spindle or
shaft I provide a suitable treadle. As soon as the driver presses the treadle with
his foot the horizontal spindle or shaft is caused to partially rotate in its bearings,
causing the worms or quadrants at each end to gear with the side levers, thereby
imparting to each of them a twist and communicating corresponding motion to the
clips thereon, which are thus caused to grasp the tyres of the wheels. By this
means the teeth are lifted by the onward progress of the horse, and the brake is
thus very effectively and efficiently applied to the wheels. As soon as the pressure
is withdrawn from the treadle the clips go back to their normal position, and the
teeth fall into their position for raking.
The second part of my Invention refers to the adjustment of the side levers to
the wheels, which by constant wear run out of truth, preventing the levers falling
clear of them.

page_text: For this purpose I hinge or joint the part of the lever which forms the outer side
of clip; I also joint or hinge the main lever which carries the clip. As soon as the
wheel rolls to either side, the clip opens and thereby prevents unnecessary wear
and friction. By preference, and in order to obtain more rigidity, I form that
portion of the lever which projects across the tyre of the wheel of square iron; upon-
this square a pair of prongs are caused to slide, thereby adjusting themselves to the
rocking of the wheels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Jamieson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th November 1880.
"
•
JAMES JAMIESON, of Thornlie-Bank, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS."
This Invention, which has for its object improvements in burners for burning
gas for illuminating purposes, relates to that class of such burners wherein two
or more jets of gas are directed or converge towards each other so as to produce
a broad flat flame. The burner constituting the Invention consists of a tubular
portion or socket tapered or screwed so as to fit into or on the gas pipe, and from
the said portion two separate branches extend upwards with an inclination towards
each other. At their upper ends these branches are formed with nipples, also
inclining towards each other, or instead of the said nipples "brays," or other tips
of approved construction, may be inserted in the said branches. On the gas being
ignited, the jets issuing from the said nipples or tips burn in one broad flat flame,
whose luminosity is much greater than if the same quantity of gas were burned
in two separate flames, so that by. the arrangement a means of saving gas in the
production of a required amount of candle light is provided.
Under a modification, instead of two branches only projecting upwards from the
tubular or socket part of the burner, three, four, or other greater number of
separate branches may so project, these being also arranged to produce a broad
flat flame.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FRAMES, STANDS, OR APPARATUSES FOR HOLDING GLASSES AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Henry Mann at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd January 1880.
THOMAS HENRY MANN, of Richmond Buildings, Dean Street, Soho, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FRAMES, STANDS, OR APPARATUSES FOR
HOLDING GLASSES AND OTHER VESSELS."
My Invention relates particularly to a device whereby glasses, drinking cups,
and other vessels may be held in frames, stands, or other apparatuses, so that they
cannot fall therefrom to whatever angle the frame or stand may be inclined, and
nevertheless be removed and replaced with great facility.
I propose to carry the glass or other vessel upon a plate, ring, or support of any
shape, fixed to or forming part of the frame or stand, and having a raised edge or
flange to prevent the glass or other vessel from slipping or sliding therefrom, and I
propose to hold the glass or other vessel down upon this plate, ring, or other
support by means of a spring catch pressing upon the rim thereof.
To place a glass or other vessel upon its support the rim of the glass will be
pushed under the spring catch, which it will lift until the bottom of the glass can
pass over the raised edge or flange of the support, and as the glass drops into the
socket thus formed to receive it the spring catch will lower with it pressing upon
its rim, and thereby keeping it down in its socket, so that the stand or frame may
be swung or jerked about and inclined to any angle without fear of the glasses or
other vessels thus secured falling therefrom.
When the glass is lifted from its support the spring catch will yield until the
bottom of the glass rises above the raised edge or flange, permitting the glass to be
at once drawn from beneath the catch.
The glass or other vessel will therefore be very readily withdrawn from and
and replaced in the frame.
The plates, rings, or other supports or sockets may be of any suitable material
and form part of the frame, stand, or holder, or be fixed thereto; they may be of
any shape to suit that of the glasses or vessels which they are to carry, and be
arranged in a single or in superposed circles of equal or of varying diameter, or in
rows or squares or in any desired grouping.

page_text: The spring catches may be formed of a simple pivoting lever with a spring under
its tail end, the end which is to pass over the rim of the glass or other vessel being
preferably slightly curved so as to press upon the inside of the glass or vessel. Or
these spring catches may be of any suitable make and material, and I propose to
fix them upon any part of the frame, stand, or apparatus, which I may find 5
convenient, but at a height above the supports or sockets regulated to suit that of
the glass, whether tumbler, wine, or liqueur glass or other vessel which it is to hold
by its rim.
A NEW SYSTEM OF PUBLICITY
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Georges Bolle at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th January 1880.
GEORGES BOLLE, of Paris, Départment of Seine, in the Republic of France
(Gentleman). "A NEW SYSTEM OF PUBLICITY."
My new system of publicity consists in making use of the paper in which
manufacturers, merchants, and tradespeople send their goods at home and abroad
as advertising sheets.
Those papers would contain advertisements, not only of the firm which forwards
the goods, but also of other firms not engaged in the same line of business. Thus,
a draper would send his cloth packed in papers printed with advertisements of
jewelers, carriage makers, and so on.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING SUBAQUEOUS WORKS, INCLUDING BREAK- WATERS, QUAY WALLS, AND OTHER STRUCTURES, AND BLOCKS OR BODIES THEREFOR."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Loftie Rutton, of Elgin Road, Saint Peter's
Park, Paddington, in the County of Middlesex, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING SUBAQUEOUS WORKS, INCLUDING BREAK-
WATERS, QUAY WALLS, AND OTHER STRUCTURES, AND BLOCKS OR BODIES
THEREFOR." A communication from abroad by William Stopford Smyth, of
Alexandria, Egypt, Civil Engineer.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Loftic Rutton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd April 1880.
WILLIAM LOFTIE RUTTON, of Elgin Road, Saint Peter's Park, Paddington, in
the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING SUBAQUEOUS WORKS,
INCLUDING BREAKWATERS, QUAY WALLS, AND OTHER STRUCTURES, AND BLOCKS
OR BODIES THEREFOR" (A communication from abroad by William Stopford
Smyth, of Alexandria, Egypt, Civil Engineer.)
This Invention is designed to facilitate the construction of subaqueous works,
and relates to the forming them of masses of concrete, or concrete faced with
masonry. To construct breakwaters, quay walls, foundations for lighthouses, and
other sub-aqueous structures, hollow blocks, bodies, or structures of appropriate
shapes and dimensions, according to the work, are formed (it may be in a suitable
dock or basin, or on a slip or pontoon) of concrete. The cavities are so pro-
portioned to the outer bulk as to render such blocks, bodies, or structures buoyant,
and they are lined or coated with water resisting material; such blocks, bodies, or
structures thus constituting buoyant concrete vessels, which, according to this
Invention, are floated into proper position in the work, and there filled with
concrete through openings therein provided for the purpose and suitably protected.
Hollow bodies of concrete, as described, may be charged with compressed air before
being floated into position.
In the manner above described masonry in large masses may be constructed;
and the Invention may with advantage be used in constructing works in situations
where ordinary modes of construction would not be convenient or suitable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEEP SHEARS AND OTHER SIMILAR SHEARS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Turton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th March 1880.
HENRY TURTON, of Sheffield, in the County of York. " IMPROVEMENTS IN
SHEEP SHEARS AND OTHER SIMILAR SHEARS."
This Invention relates to shears for shearing sheep, and to shears for other
similar purposes, and to those forms of shears in which the blades are made separate
from the handles and are attached thereto, the object of this Invention being to
produce a pair of cheap shears, the blades of which can be of superior material to
that employed for the bow.
.
This Invention consists in the employment of a pair of blades with tangs which
may be flyed out from a sheet of steel, the said tangs being formed with one or
more projections by which the handles of the shears are rivetted or secured to the
said tangs, the tangs, or the blades, or the tangs and blades, being so set back or
recessed as that when the handles are in position they will be even with the blades
and will not project therefrom.
The handles of the shears, which may be flyed in one piece from a sheet of iron
or steel, will be bent over and closed so that they fit tightly onto the tangs of the
blades, and will be pierced with holes corresponding to the projections on the tangs
and the tangs being placed in position with the projections thereon in the holes in
the handles the said tangs and handles of the shears are rivetted together.
The handles of the shears have projections at or near the ends thereof, which
being level with and projecting at one or both sides of the blade form guards for
the hand of the operator.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERPROOF AND OTHER CLOTHING
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Neville at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th December 1880.
JOHN NEVILLE, of London Lane, Hackney, London, E., in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERPROOF AND OTHER CLOTHING."
This Invention has for its object the cutting out and making up of coats and
other garments in such manner that the seams or joins in the cloth or material
used shall be reduced to a minimum, the whole of the material for the body and
sleeves of one such garment being cut out in one piece, a principal object being the
making of waterproof garments which shall not be liable to the faults arising from
imperfect seams, the only seams necessary in these garments being as follows, viz. :-
One seam down the length of each sleeve, and a seam running perpendicularly
from the arm pit to the hip or thereabout, and therefrom at right angles horizontally
to the front of the garments, that is, to the edge of the forepart. The seams
dispensed with by this plan of cutting out are as follows, viz.:- The seam passing
over the edge or extremity of the shoulders from the back to the front, and being
the seam which joins the upper end of the sleeve to the body of the garment at
what is usually termed the armhole, and the seam which joins the upper part of
the back and forepart of the garment from the neck to the shoulder.
And this Invention shall be without prejudice to the addition of any other
pieces of material for the purpose of providing a collar or pockets, or for adding to
the skirt for additional protection, or for cuffs, or for making a seam down the
centre of the back for the purpose of securing a better set or fit.
TRICYCLES." IMPROVEMENTS IN
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Barling at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th June 1880.
JOHN BARLING, of Leeds, in the County of York.
TRICYCLES."
IMPROVEMENTS
IN
The object of my Invention is to effect an improvement in tricycles with respect
to the locomotion thereof, whereby greater speed and with less difficulty may be
obtained from them than heretofore.
The rider or occupant of the vehicle is placed either on a saddle or other seat
between two driving wheels, and his downward force is directly applied to a crank
on one side only of their axle, a single treadle being alone used instead of two, as
hitherto; this is attached to the crank on the main axle in such a position under-
neath the occupant that his whole weight may be brought to bear upon it.
I provide when required a compensating attachment coupled to a second crank
on the main shaft arranged on the opposite centre to the hereinbefore mentioned
crank; this may be a spring or its equivalent, or a weight or weights (which may
a knapsack or travelling bag).
In some cases the second crank may be dispensed with, and the compensating
arrangement applied to the first mentioned crank or treadle, or the compensation
may be effected by attaching a rod or arm to the main axle with an adjustablo
weight thereon. In this arrangement the rod or arm and weight revolve with tho
axle.
The effect of this arrangement, firstly, is that the weight of the body is brought
to bear more readily and effectively on the crank, thus making practicable the use
of wheels of much greater diameter than are now employed; and, secondly, that
the action of the rider for a corresponding speed of progression of other tricycles is
less rapid, and may be more limited in extent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC DRUMS OR CASKS, AND APPARATUS USED IN THEIR MANUFACTURE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Donnelly at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th December 1880.*
JOHN DONNELLY, of St. Helen's, in the County of Lancaster, Metallic Drum
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC DRUMS OR CASKS, AND
APPARATUS USED IN THEIR MANUFACTURE."
IN
The said Invention relates to the heads of metallic drums or casks in which
there is an aperture closed by a lid or cover, and the object is to provide an
aperture and lid or cover which shall be advantageous as regards filling, and
convenient as regards closing and securing.
For that purpose an oblong tapered aperture is made in the head of the drum
or cask, and a lid or cover consisting of a metallic plate having a grooved boss or
holding piece is employed in combination therewith. The metallic plate is large
enough to cover the taper aperture, and the grooved boss or holding piece is of such
size as to pass freely through the larger end of the aperture. When the lid or
cover has been placed in position, with the boss or holding piece in the position
mentioned above, the said lid or cover is moved towards the narrow end of the
aperture, and the metal of the drum or cask enters the grooves and retains the lid
or cover in its place. By sliding the cover in the direction of the wide end of the
aperture, such lid or cover will become loose and may be removed.
The lid or
cover is of cast or wrought metal.
In constructing the said aperture, the metal is punched or cut away by means of
a taper faced punch, which first acts on the metal at one end of the aperture, and
cuts such metal out gradually instead of all at once. Motion is given to the punch
in any ordinary or desired manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS AND LATCHES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Sturmey at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th October 1880.
WILLIAM STURMEY, trading under the style or title of Beddow and Sturmey,
of Clemson Street, Willenhall, in the County of Stafford, Lock Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS AND LATCHES."
The improvements relate to locks and latches (having a locking bolt as well as
latch bolt) constructed to be used either right or left-handed. Both sides of the
tail of the locking bolt are made alike, that is, with a key gating on each side.
The tumbler is placed centrally at the back of the locking bolt, and a stud upon
the forward end of the tumbler is exactly behind or in front of a corresponding
stud at the back of the locking bolt tail, according to whether the bolt is locked or
unlocked. The back end of the tumbler works upon a stud carried by the lock
case, and arms project upwards and downwards from the tumbler, and at right
angles to its horizontal axis. The said arms bear against a vertical lever, which is
carried on a stud near the top or bottom of the case, the said vertical lever being
kept up against the said arms by means of an ordinary feather spring. There are
two vertical key-holes in line with one another vertically, but in opposite directions,
one key-hole being on one side of the locking bolt tail and tumbler, and the other
on the other side, and thus whichever hand the lock or latch is used for one of the
key holes is always the right way up. The tumbler is returned to its middle
position and kept there when not raised by the key by means of the feather spring
acting, through the medium of the vertical lever, upon the arms at the back end
of the tumbler. The tail of the locking bolt is guided by means of a slot sliding on
the same stud upon which the tumbler turns. The latch bolt lever is continued on
beyond the fulcrum in the same direction, and the back end of the feather spring
aforesaid presses against it, thus acting for both the latch bolt lever and the vertical
lever aforesaid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING AND CLEANSING GASES, THE SAME BEING APPLICABLE FOR SEPARATING GASES OR VAPOURS FROM LIQUIDS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Foulis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th March 1880.
WILLIAM FOULIS, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Civil
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING AND CLEANSING GASES,
THE SAME BEING APPLICABLE FOR SEPARATING GASES OR VAPOURS FROM LIQUIDS."
This Invention, which relates to improvements in apparatus for purifying and
cleansing gases, is also applicable for separating gases or vapours from liquids.
A well known example of apparatus, to which this Invention applies, is the
scrubber used in gas works for washing and separating from the gas the tars and
other substances which the gas holds in suspension. Hitherto it has been the
practice when using brush-wood in such scrubbers to lay it horizontally, the effect
of which is that after a short time the brush-wood becomes limp by the action of
water trickling through it, and the twigs thereby rest closely upon each other, that
their surfaces in this state and position collect the impurities among themselves,
thereby closing up the free passage for the gas, and therefore stopping the purifying
or cleansing action of the scrubber.
Under the improvements constituting this Invention the twigs are held at their
upper ends in or between bars or frames, by which they are suspended in successive
horizontal rows or layers across the scrubber. The bars or frames are so arranged
that the water or other liquid used in the scrubber flows on to the top of the twigs
or brush-wood, thereby ensuring that it will trickle or flow down over the twigs
lengthwise.
When the scrubber is of a square or oblong horizontal section the frames
carrying the twigs or brush-wood are each arranged with openings at alternate
ends, so that the gas is caused to flow horizontally between the twigs of each layer
before it passes to the layer next above. This horizontal action or flow of the gas
in the case of a cylindrical scrubber is effected by openings in each layer alternately
at the centre and sides.
-When using-these-improvements in apparatus for separating gases or vapours
from liquids the apparatus may be constructed after the manner of what is well
known as "Coffey's still," and wherein the horizontal passage of the vapour of
water or steam or gas is effected by openings at alternate sides of each layer, or at
the centre and circumference of each alternate layer, as herein before described with
reference to scrubbers. The gases or vapours separated are collected according to
their density at any height or level in the still required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAFFS FOR FISHING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Henry Crawford, junior, at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th April 1880.
THOMAS HENRY CRAWFORD, junior, of 63, High Street, Totnes, in the County of
Devon, Painter. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAFFS FOR FISHING AND OTHER PURPOSES."
My Invention relates to gaffs of the kind principally used by anglers for securing
and landing fish which might otherwise be too heavy for their tackle, and consists
of a pair of jaws the tail ends of which cross each other and are pivoted together
like the blades of a pair of scissors, and are connected with an arrangement by
which they are held open until a fish is struck when they close by the action of a
pair of springs and become locked, so that the fish cannot by its struggles get the
jaws open. The jaws are provided with spikes or teeth facing inwards, and the
tail ends of the jaws are attached by short links to the ends of a pair of springs,
the other ends of which are fixed to the main rod or stem. The tail ends of the
jaws, or that portion which is between the pivot on which they work and the link
joints, pass through a pair of guides attached to the main stem and have on their
outor sides ratchet teeth, which when a fish is struck engage with the closed ends
of the guides and lock the gaff. To or about the pivot on which the jaws work [
fasten a wire or rod which passes through guides along the main stem to the part
by which the gaff is intended to be held, where it terminates in a ring or hook for
the user's finger, by which the jaws are opened ready for use, and I provide a
detent by which the jaws when drawn back are caught and held in an extended
open position. The spring which carries the detent is fixed to the end of the main
stem and is extended beyond it and projects into the space between the open jaws
in such manner as to come into contact with the fish and be pressed back and
release the apparatus at the moment the fish is struck. I prefer to construct the
main stem or rod by which the gaff is held in lengths convenient for carriage, to be
united by screw or other secure joints, and I use for this purposo (except for that
portion to which the various parts are attached) bamboo canes or other light
wood.
The manner in which the gaff acts is as follows:-On its being thrust against a
fish the spring carrying the detent is pressed back and the jaws thereby released
are thrown forward and closed by the springs to which they are attached. The

page_text: link joints at the same moment become reversed and bring the ratchet teeth into
contact with the ends of the guides with which they engage and prevent. the return
of the apparatus or the opening of the jaws until the link joints have been returned
to their former position.
I also propose to construct a modified form of the above described gaff of larger
size and without teeth in the jaws for the purpose of rescuing persons from drowning,
and other purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH THE TRANSPORT OF CARS AND OTHER LIKE VEHICLES UPON TRAM, RAIL, AND ORDINARY ROADS BY GAS ENGINE POWER
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Roger Purssell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th July 1880.
JOHN ROGER PURSSELL, of Kingston Road, Merton, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH THE TRANSPORT OF CARS
AND OTHER LIKE VEHICLES UPON TRAM, RAIL, AND ORDINARY ROADS BY GAS
ENGINE POWER."
This Invention relates to improvements in and connected with the transport of
cars and other like vehicles upon tram, rail, and ordinary roads by gas engine
power, the Invention being based upon a previous Patent granted to me on the
29th October, in the year 1879, No. 4396.
.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MANUAL LEVER HAMMER
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cuthbert at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd December 1880.
JOHN CUTHBERT, of Landport, in the County of Hants, Blacksmith. "A NEW
OR IMPROVED MANUAL LEVER HAMMER."
This Invention relates to a new or improved manual lever hammer.
The object of this Invention is to produce a manual power hammer of power
between the ordinary sledge hammer and the steam hammer.
According to my Invention there is an ordinary anvil block at the base of the
machine. The hammering takes place on this. The hammer head consists of a
block of iron of suitable form and size, its upper portion being constructed to work
in suitable vertical guides formed in the framework of the machine. This hammer
head is suspended by a chain from a quadrant or section of a large grooved pulley,
in such a way that on suitable motion being imparted to said quadrant, the chain
and hammer head will be raised in a vertical line by a straight pull. This motion
to raise the hammer head is imparted to the quadrant by a lever attached thereto,
and operated in any convenient manner. I prefer to attach it by a connecting rod
to a second lever properly centred to the lower portion of the machine in any
suitable position convenient for the operative. On releasing the lever the hammer
head falls in a vertical line and delivers the blow. In some cases the hammer head
during the upper part of its stroke is raised against a spring or springs of suitable
form and strength, which spring by reaction assist in giving impetus to the fall of
the hammer head.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM STEERING GEAR
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bruce Thompson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th January 1880.
WILLIAM BRUCE THOMPSON, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM STEERING GEAR."
This Invention, which relates to improvements in steam steering gear for
operating the rudders of steam ships, consists of a framing, in the upper part of
which a horizontal shaft is carried in bearings; this shaft is provided with a crank,
and by connecting rods attached thereto it is coupled to the pistons of two or more
steam engine cylinders; this shaft also carries an eccentric for working the valves
for admitting the steam to each end of the cylinders. On this shaft there is arranged
& sleeve having at one end a spur pinion and at the other end a clutch, by which
it is put into or out of gear with the main shaft. The aforesaid pinion is in gear
with a spur wheel carring another spur pinion which also drives a spur wheel and
pinion which run loosely on the main shaft; the last named spur pinion gears into
a spur
wheel which drives the winding drum for operating the rudder chains.
Upon the sleeve herein before referred to a steering wheel is carried by means of
which the steering gear may be operated by hand, or this wheel may operate a
slide or equivalent valve for admitting the steam to the valve chests or boxes of
the engines. For this last named purpose the steering wheel is fitted with a bevel
pinion which gears into a similar pinion for driving a shaft that operates the steam
admission valve. The end of this shaft passes through the steam starting or
reversing valve, and is free to be rotated within it, being retained in position
therein by a collar and nut. Upon the body of the shaft a screw thread is cut
which passes through a corresponding nut in the centre of a spur pinion in gear
with the spur wheel last herein before mentioned. As the steering wheel is turned
either to "port" or "starboard" this screw shaft being thereby rotated moves the
steam admission valve either fore or aft, and thereby starts the engines in the
direction they are required to move the rudder. So soon as the engines are thus
started the pinion through which the screw valve shaft passes in being turned

page_text: round causes the screw shaft to be moved in the opposite direction, and thereby
close the valve.
It is to be understood that in place of the reversing gear last mentioned for
operating the starting or reversing valve any equivalent gearing or arrangement by
which the requisite motions of such valves are obtained may be substituted.
Under a modified arrangement of this steering gear, the same order of shafts is
preserved as in that herein before described, but some of the spur gearing is dispensed
with, and in lieu thereof differential gearing consisting of an internally toothed
circle in the framing acting upon differentially toothed pinions carried upon the
shaft acting upon internal teeth fixed upon the chain drum are substituted.