Improvements in or applicable to Looms for Weaving Terry or Looped Pile Fabrics.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Apr., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 2nd Feb., 1895-Accepted, 2nd Mar.,
1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or applicable to Looms for Weaving Terry or
Looped Pile Fabrics.
1 REGINALD HADFIELD of Fairfield Mills Droylsden in the County of
Lancaster, Mill Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The object of this invention is to provide effective automatic means for controlling
or governing the amount of terry warp taken from the pile beam in a given
proportion to the length of warp taken from the ground warp beam in order to
ensure the formation of an even pile of any required length of loop.
The invention consists mainly in the combination with the mechanism for
adjusting the length of the terry of a regulating device controlled or governed by
both the pile warp and the ground warp.
It will be evident that as there are various motions now in use for adjusting the
length of the terry or looped pile, various regulating devices will be adopted to suit
them.
For the sake of illustration however, I will describe a device I have applied to
the mechanism described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to William
Warrington No. 4806 dated 13th March 1884.
I pass the ground warp over a roller which is free to revolve in suitable fixed
bearings preferably immediately above the ground warp beam and thus the said
roller is caused to revolve at the same surface speed as that of the ground warp as
it is taken from its beam.
Upon any convenient part of the warp upon the terry or pile warp beam rests a
roughened drum which thus revolves at the same surface speed as that of the terry
or pile warp as it is taken off by the beat up of the slay when the reed is locked in
the usual manner for weaving looped pile fabrics.
This drum is weighted so that a band or strap passing round the same, and round
a pulley upon a shaft adjacent to it, will drive the said shaft, upon which is a chain
pulley actuating by means of its chain a similar pulley on a short spindle near the
roller which is driven by the ground warp.
This last named pulley actuates a toothed wheel gearing with a pinion which
drives a short shaft which is capable of sliding longitudinally through the said
pinion.
This shaft is formed or provided with a quick spiral groove or screw thread into
which fits a spring bolt or projection upon a bush or sleeve mounted thereon, thus
forming a nut upon the screwed shaft, the said bush or sleeve being formed or
provided with a toothed wheel or pinion which is actuated by a change wheel upon
a stud on which is a pinion driven by a toothed wheel fixed upon the axle of the
roller which is moved by the ground warp.
The sliding screwed shaft above named is also provided or formed with a grooved
bush or pulley, in the groove of which works the end of a lever or other device so
connected to the unlocking motion of the reed that it will cause the said reed to be
unlocked to a greater or less extent and thus alter the length of pile according to
the position of the said sliding shaft.
The stud or pin which carries the change wheel is mounted in a suitable slotted
bracket at the end of a lever mounted upon the shaft of the above named roller which
is moved by the ground warp. This lever is connected to the handle for putting the

page_text: terry motion into or out of action, so that when the loom is not weaving terry the
change wheel is moved out of gear with the wheel of pinion on the sleeve above
named, and the governing action is stopped. The spring of the bolt above named
is sufficiently strong to cause the nut or sleeve and the screwed shaft to revolve
together and retain the position of the latter.
Instead of fixing the unlocking incline or projection upon the sliding bar as
described in the said Specification I now form it with a groove so that it can slide
vertically upon a pin fixed to the said bar and I provide it with a boss so that it
can rock upon a sliding piece mounted upon the inner side of the breast beam. This
sliding piece is raised or depressed (so as to raise or depress the said incline more or
less as required) by means of a wedge sliding horizontally and moved to and fro by
light shaft carried from the front to the back of the loom; and upon
this shaft I fix the lever the upper end of which engages with the groove boss or
pulley on the sliding screwed shaft as herein before described.
a lever on a
The train of gearing from the terry and ground warps to the aforesaid sliding
shaft and the nut may be varied if preferred, but the change wheel thereof must be
so proportioned that when the desired proportion of terry or pile warp is being
taken from its beam the nut or sleeve and the screwed shaft are driven at the same
speed, and the incline for unlocking the reed remains in the required position on the
unlocking bar.
In order to facilitate the making of the necessary changes, it is desirable that the
trains of wheels should be arranged so that the number of teeth in the change
pinions may be ten times the amount of the required ratios between pile and ground
warps. A change wheel with fifty teeth would then produce a ratio of five to one,
and so on with all other ratios, a ratio of seven to one requiring a change wheel
with seventy teeth &c.
If, however, there is any tendency to alter the proportion of the warps, say by
the omission to remove the weights from the pile beam as the diameter of the warp
wound thereon decreases, the differing speeds of revolution of the nut and the
screwed shaft will cause the latter to slide end ways and automatically correct the
fault by moving the position of the said unlocking incline.
It will be understood that the change wheel instead of being driven from the
roller and ground warp as above described may be actuated by the taking up
or emery " roller or other part moving at the same surface speed as the ground
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warp.
It will also be seen that this improved device may be considered as the reverse of
a letting off motion and therefore it corrects or avoids the errors necessarily existing
in such apparatus.
Dated this 2nd day of April 1894.
GEO. DAVIES & SON,
4, St. Ann's Square, Manchester, Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in or applicable to Looms for Weaving Terry or
Looped Pile Fabrics.
I REGINALD HADFIELD of Fairfield Mills Droylsden in the County of
Lancaster, Mill Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement :—
The object of this invention is to provide effective automatic means for controlling
or governing the amount of terry warp taken from the pile beam in a given

page_text: proportion to the length of warp taken from the ground warp beam, in order to
ensure the formation of an even pile of any required length of loop.
The invention consists mainly in the combination with the mechanism for
adjusting the length of the terry, of a regulating device controlled or governed by
both the pile warp and the ground warp..
It will be evident that as there are various notions now in use for adjusting the
length of the terry or looped pile, various regulating devices will be adopted to
snit them.
For the sake of illustration however, I will describe a device I have applied to
the mechanism described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to William
Warrington No. 4806 dated 13th March 1884.
This device will be readily understood from the following description on
reference to the two sheets of drawings hereunto annexed, on which
Fig. 1 (Sheet 1) is an elevation of so much of one side of a loom as is necessary
to illustrate the application of my invention thereto. Fig. 2 (Sheet 2) is a back
view of the same;
Figs. 3 and 4 are detached views hereafter more particularly referred to, Fig. 4
being drawn to a larger scale.
According to this application of my invention 1 pass the ground warp w over a
roller a which is free to revolve in suitable fixed bearings, preferably immediately
above the ground warp beam b, and thus the said roller a is caused to revolve
at the same surface speed as that of the ground warp w as it is taken from its
beam b.
Upon any convenient part of the warp upon the terry or pile warp beam c, rests
a roughened drum d, which thus revolves at the same surface speed as that of the
terry or pile warp a, as it is taken off by the beat up of the slay e, when the reed f
is locked in the usual manner for weaving looped pile fabrics.
This drum d (which I may make of the same diameter as the roller a) is weighted
so that a band or strap passing round the same, and round a pulley upon a
shaft d+ adjacent to it, will drive the said shaft d+; or I may drive the shaft + by
chain d' and pulleys d' as shewn.
Upon this shaft is a chain pulley d³ actuating by means of its chain d a similar
pulley d on a short spindle d near the roller a which is driven by the ground
warp w.
This last named pulley actuates a toothed wheel d' gearing with a pinion d³ which
drives a short shaft g which is made with a keyway or is otherwise capable of
sliding longitudinally through the said pinion d³, see enlarged detached section
Fig. 4.
This shaft g is formed or provided with a quick spiral groove or screw thread 9',
into which fits a spring bolt or projection upon a bush or sleeve a mounted
thereon, thus forming a nut upon the screwed shaft g g', the said bush or sleeve a
being formed or provided with a toothed wheel or pinion a', which is actuated by a
change wheel as upon a stud a+ on which is a pinion a² driven by a toothed wheel a¹
fixed upon the axle of the roller a which is moved by the ground warp w.
The sliding screwed shaft g¹ above named is also provided or formed with a
grooved bush or pulley g², in the groove of which works the end of a lever h+, or
other device so connected as hereafter described to the unlocking motion of the
reed that it will cause the said reed to be unlocked to a greater or less extent,
and thus alter the length of pile according to the position of the said sliding
shaft g.
The stud or pin at which carries the change wheel a³ is mounted in a suitable
slotted bracket at the end of a lever i mounted loosely upon the shaft of the
above named roller a. This lever is connected, say by a link lever and
chain, or otherwise, to the handle (not shewn on the drawings) for putting the
terry motion into or out of action, so that when the loom is not weaving terry the
change wheel a³ is moved out of gear with the wheel or pinion a* on the sleeve a
above named, and the governing action is stopped, the spring of the bolt above

page_text: named being sufficiently strong to cause the nut or sleeve a³ and the screwed
shaft g g to revolve together and retain the position of the latter.
Instead of fixing the unlocking incline or projection upon the sliding bar / as
described in the aforesaid Specification I now form it with a groove or slot k³ so
that it can slide vertically upon a pin fixed to the said bar 1, and I provide it
with a boss so that it can rock upon a sliding piece m mounted upon the inner side
of the breast beam A, see Figs. 1 and 3. This sliding piece m is raised or depressed
(so as to raise or depress the said incline k more or less as required) by means of a
wedge n sliding horizontally, and moved to and fro by a lever o on a light shaft p
carried from the front to the back of the loom; and upon this shaft I fix the
lever the upper end of which engages with the grooved boss or pulley on the
sliding screwed shaft g gl as hereinbefore described.
9
The trains of gearing from the terry and ground warps and a to the aforesaid
sliding shaft and the nut a respectively may be varied if preferred, but the
change wheel a thereof must be so proportioned that when the desired proportion
of terry or pile warp is being taken from its beam, the nut or sleeve a³ and the
screwed shalt g g' are driven at the same speed, and the incline k for unlocking the
reed remains in the required position on the unlocking bar.
In order to facilitate the making of the necessary changes, it is desirable that the
trains of wheels should be arranged so that the number of teeth in the change
pinions (a3) may be ten times the amount of the required ratios between pile and
ground warps x and w. A change wheel with fifty teeth would then produce a
ratio of five to one, and so on with all other ratios, a ratio of seven to one requiring
a change wheel with seventy teeth.
If, however, there is any tendency to alter the proportion of the warps wand .r,
say by the omission to remove the weights from the pile beam c as the diameter of
the warp wound thereon decreases, the differing speeds of revolution of the nut a³
and the screwed shaft g g will cause the latter to slide endways and automatically
correct the fault by moving the position of the said unlocking incline k.
It will be understood that the change wheel a³, instead of being driven from the
1oller a and ground warp w as above described, may be actuated by the taking up
01 emery "roller, or other part moving at the same surface speed as the ground
65
warp w.
It will also be seen that this improved device may be considered as the reverse
of a letting off motion and therefore it corrects or avoids the errors necessarily
existing in such apparatus.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a loom for weaving terry or looped pile fabrics, the combination with the
mechanism employed for adjusting the length of the terry, of a regulating device
controlled and governed by both the pile warp and the ground warp, substantially
as and for the purpose herein before set forth.
2. The improved mechanism substantially as hereinbefore described and illus-
trated by the annexed drawings for controlling or regulating the length of terry,
as the fabric is being woven, by both the pile warp and the ground warp.
Dated this First day of February 1895.
GEO. DAVIES & SON,
4, St. Ann's Square, Manchester, Agents for the Applicant.