CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING OR MANUFACTURING PIPES, TUBES AND VARIOUS OTHER ARTICLES FROM METALLIC AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1837

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, JOHN
HANSON, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, Leaden Pipe Manufacturer,
and CHARLES HANSON, of the same place, Watchmaker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Thirty-first day of, August, in the first year of Her
reign, and in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-
seven, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said John Hanson and Charles Hanson, Her especial licence, full power,
sole privilege, and authority, that we, the said John Hanson and Charles
Hanson, our executors, administrators, and assigns, and such others as we,
the said John Hanson and Charles Hanson, our executors, administrators,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times during the term of years therein mentioned, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales,
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all Her Majesty's
Colonies and Plantations abroad, our Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING OR MANUFACTURING PIPES, TUBES
AND VARIOUS OTHER ARTICLES FROM METALLIC AND OTHER SUBSTANCES; " in which
said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, obliging the said Charles Hanson,
by an instrument in writing under his hand and seal, particularly to describe
and ascertain the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in Her
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by
the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully, and large appear :-

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso contained in
the said recited Letters Patent, we, the said John Hanson and Charles
Hanson, do hereby declare that the nature of our said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say):-
Our Invention of certain improvements in machinery or apparatus for
making or manufacturing pipes and tubes from metallicsubstances, applies to
the machinery or apparatus for making or manufacturing pipes and tubes
from lead or tin, or a mixture or compound of lead with other metals, as tin or
zinc, or any other compound or alloy of soft metals, capable of being squeezed
or forced by means of great pressure from out of a cylinder or receiver through
or between apertures, dies, and cores when in a solid state, described and set
forth in the Specification of a Patent granted to Thomas Burr, of Shrewsbury,
dated the Eleventh day of April, One thousand eight hundred and twenty, and
the said improvements consist,-
Firstly, in the arrangement, construction, and application of a short fixed
or stationary core for determining the inner diameter or bore of the said pipes
or tubes in contradistinction to the long moveable core, as described in the
Specifications of the said Thomas Burr, which long core in his machinery or
apparatus is attached to the piston of the cylinder, and is liable to warp and
twist out of the straight line, and out of centre with the dies from the differ-
ence of expansion and contraction of the metal under different degrees of
temperature and pressure and other causes.
Secondly, in an improved mode or method of arranging, constructing,
adapting, and adjusting the dies or apertures which determine the outer
diameter of the said pipes and tubes, for the purpose of enabling the workman
easily and readily to bring the same central with the core when applying a
fresh set of dies and cores to the cylinders, in order to make pipes of different
sizes, or in case the same should get out of their relative true positions from
any other cause.
.
Thirdly, in thearrangement, construction, and adaption of the said improved
parts or mechanism, by which we are enabled to make two, three, or more
lengths of pipes or tubes at one and the same time and operation.
Fourthly, in the application of a fixed guide piece or cross-bar or bridge,
placed near to the dies or apertures at the end of the cylinder, for the purpose
of guiding and conducting a long movable core attached to the pistons, and
keeping it central with the dies, when such kind or construction of core and

page_text: machinery is used for making pipes and tubes, such moveable core or
rod passing through the said guide piece, cross-bar, or bridge; by means
of which several improvements we are enabled to work the said machinery
or apparatus in a different position to Thomas Burr's machinery, and
obtain great facility in such manufacture. Our improved machinery or
apparatus being placed so as to discharge its pipes or tubes downwards,
instead of upwards, whereby the necessity of filling the cylinder with
melted metal through the dies themselves or through apertures made for
this purpose. in the solid end of the cylinder is obviated, such apertures when
so used requiring to be afterwards stopped with plugs or screws, the cylinder
or receiver of our improved machinery being filled at the opposite end to that
in which the die and core are placed by pouring melted lead or soft metal
therein through an aperture made in the side of a cylinder directly under the
piston, when the die and the piston are at thegreatest distance apart, as shewn
in Fig. 17, the said aperture being closed as it passes the piston. And further,
we are enabled easily to apply oil or other lubricating materials to the dies and
cores, or other parts situated at the bottom of the cylinder previous to
pouring in a fresh charge of material.
And, lastly, in an improved arrangement and construction of piston adapted
to the cylinder used in the said process or manufacture of pipes or tubes, all of
which improvements will be better understood by referring to the accompany-
ing Drawings, which are several sectional and detached views of the cylinder,
and various parts drawn upon a large scale, and to which I shall now refer
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, is a vertical section of the lower portion of a cylinder with
the piston shewn therein, and also our improved construction and adaption
of a short core with the die applied thereto; Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of
the cylinder taken in the line a, b, in Fig. 1, or just above the cross piece or
bridge piece core and die; Fig. 3 is another similar partial section of the same
taken in the line c, d, in Fig. 1, or just below the cross piece for the purpose
of shewing the die more clearly; Fig. 4 is a plan view of the die detached,
shewing the situation of the core within the aperture; Fig. 5 is a detached
side view of the short fixed core and its cross piece or bridge; and Fig. 6 is a
plan view of the same. A, A, is a portion of the cylinder; B, the piston rod,
which is fixed or stationary in the head of the strong framework of the appara-
C is the piston attached to the rod, the various parts or details of which
are shewn separate at Figures 13 to 18 inclusive, and will be described
hereafter; D is the end or bottom of the cylinder, to which it is firmly
attached, and also to a strong hollow pillar table or platform placed on the top
of the usual hydraulic ram; E is the die, which is fitted into the bottom of the
tus;

page_text: cylinder in a recess or cup, as shewn in the Drawings; F, F, are adjusting
screws for setting or regulating the situation of the die as regards the core; G
is a thin steel plate fitted very accurately into a cup or recess in the bottom of
the cylinder for the purpose of preventing the lead or other set metal getting
between the edges of the die and the inner diameter of the recess or cup, and
also to the adjusting screws, the threads or worms of which would otherwise
become clogged; H is the short fixed core or mandrel, which is properly fitted
into the cross-piece, bridge, or holder I, I, which is also accurately fitted
into another or larger recess in the bottom of the cylinder, such recess being
formed above the one in which the die is placed. The operation of making or
manufacturing pipes or tubes is as follows:-After a die and core of the
required diameter have been applied to the bottom of the cylinder, and pro-
perly adjusted; the cylinder and other parts being lowered, a charge of lead or
other soft metal is admitted through the aperture at the side of the cylinder
immediately under the piston froma pot or reservoir containing melted metal,
and as soon as this metal is set or become hard or solid, and before it becomes
cold, the power of the hydraulic press is set in action, and as the hydraulic
ram, hollow pillar, table, cylinder, or lead holder with its bottom fitted with
its core and dies rises upward, the feeding aperture is first closed by the
stationary piston, and when this is effected the metal is forced in the direction
of the arrows in Fig. 1 between the arms of the cross-piece, bridge, or holder I
into the cup or recess in the bottom D, and thence through the space between
the internal diameter of the bore of the die E and the outer diameter of the
core H, leaving the cylinder in the form of pipes or tubes, the size of which is
determined by the diameter of the die or corc. The tube or pipe is wound
upon drums or reels as fast as it is discharged from the machinery. The set
metal is represented in the Drawings by a tint of red color.
I may here remark that it might be supposed that the set metal being
divided in its descent by the four arms of the cross piece I into four parts,
would not unite together again at the point of entering the space between the
die and core, but practice proves the contrary, as the metal leaves our improved
apparatus as perfect, solid, and compact pipes or tubes. Fig. 7, Sheet II., is
another vertical section of the lower part of a cylinder showing the novel
arrangement, construction, and adaptation of our improved mechanism as
adapted and arranged to make four different lengths of pipes or tubes from
one cylinder at the same time; Fig. 8 is a partial sectional plan view
of the same taken in the line g, h, in Fig. 7; Fig. 9 is a horizontal
section or plan view taken at the line e, f, the plate H being removed.
Fig. 10 is another horizontal section taken through the dies and cores in the

page_text: line a, b, in Fig. 7. Fig. 11 is a plan view of the bottom of the cylinder, the
dies and cores being removed to shew its construction. Fig. 12 is a side view
of one of the cores detached. A, A, is the cylinder; B, B, the bottom of the
same; C, C, are the dies, the bores or apertures of which are in this instance
placed in a horizontal position; D, D, are the screws for properly adjusting
the horizontal situation of the dies as regards the cores or mandrels, and E, E,
are wedges for adjusting the vertical position of the dies to the cores; F, F,
are the cores or mandrels fixed into or forming part of stocks or pieces of
metal G, G, which are morticed into one another, and also into the bottom of
the cylinders, as shewn in the Drawings, and thereby securely retained in
their proper situation. The arrows indicate the course of the metal as it
passes out of the cylinder in the form of tubes or pipes, which is shewn by a
red tint, as in the former Figures. His the thin steel plate, having four
apertures formed in it corresponding with the wells and recesses formed in
the bottom of the cylinder, which steel plate is placed on the top of the dies
to prevent the access of set metal to the adjusting screws, and I, I, are other
plates placed in front of the dies for the same purpose and to prevent its
access to the wedges. The bottom of the cylinder has four wells or recesses
K, K, formed in
as shewn more particularly in Fig. 11, to allow of the
passage of the set metal to the different dies and cores.
Fig. 13, Sheet 1, is a representation of the end of the piston rod shewn
detached from the cylinder with our improved construction of piston attached
thereto. Figure 14 is a similar representation with the parts of the piston
detached, which are shewn separate at Figures 15, 16, 17, and 18. a is the
piston rod; b, the lower end or butt of the piston attached to the rod by the
pin c; dis the upper part of the piston. Between the inclined or conical shaped
sides of the parts d and b is placed the ringe, shewn detached in plan at Fig. 17,
and insection at Fig. 18; the sides of this ring are also inclined or conical
shaped, and it is cut or severed by means of a sawin the direction shewn by the
line f, g, in Fig. 18, and consequently it will be obliged to expand and keep
the piston tightly packed with the cylinder under great pressure, and thereby
prevent the escape of metal past the piston. The piston is attached to its
rod a by means of a pin h passed through it and the pin c, or in any other
convenient manner.
Fig. 19 is a vertical section of a cylinder and piston shewing our last
improvement applied thereto, (videlicet,) the application and adaptation of the
guide piece or cross piece, or bridge through which the long core or rod
attached to the piston passes for the purpose of keeping it central with the die.

page_text: A, A, is the cylinder; B, the piston rod; C, the piston; D, the bottom
of the cylinder; E, the die; G, the thin steel plate; F, the adjusting
screws; H, the long core or rod attached to the piston C and travelling with
it, passing freely through the guide piece, cross piece or bridge I,I, which has
a proper shaped hole bored through it for this purpose, consequently keeping
the core at all times steady and central with the die; K is the aperture for
supplying the cylinder with melted metal.
And we would here remark that we wish it to be understood that we do not
mean or intend to confine ourselves to the mode of operation herein above
described, by making the cylinderrise with the hydraulic ramandotherparts, and
keeping the piston stationary, as the same operations and effects will take place
when the cylinder is fixed or stationary, and the power of the hydraulic ram
upplied to the top of the piston rod to cause it to descend into the cylinder:
nor do we confine ourselves to the making or forming the cross piece or bridge
which holds or guides either the short or long cores, with four arms, as it may
be made with one, two, or three arms, all of which variations will readily
suggest themselves to any practical engineer, without departing from our
Invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our
improvements, and the manner of carrying the same into effect, we would
remark that we do not mean or intend to claim any of the parts of the cylinder
or piston rod, or the manner of fitting them up in the framework of the
press or machinery, nor the mode or method of connecting them to one
another, as none of these are new, and they may be varied and fitted up in
different ways to suit different arrangements of machinery. Our Invention or
improvements, as above stated and set forth in the commencement of this
Specification, being, firstly, in the arrangement, construction, and application
of the short fixed core H, for determining the inner diameter of the pipes or
tubes.
Secondly, in the improved mode of constructing, adapting, and adjusting
he dies or apertures which determine the outer diameter of the pipes or
tubes.
Thirdly, in the adaptation of the said improved parts by which two, three,
or more lengths of pipes or tubes can be made at one and the same timeaud
operation.
Fourthly, in the application of the fixed guide piece I, for the purpose of
guiding a long moveable core or rod when attached to the piston,and keeping
it central with the dies.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-eighth day of February,
in the first year of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, the said John
Hanson and Charles Hanson came before our said Lady the Queen in Her
Chancery, and acknowledged the instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing
therein contained and specified, in form above written. And also the instrument
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made in the fifty-
fifth year of the reign of His late Majesty King George the Third.
Inrolled the Twenty-eighth day of February, One thousand eight hundred
and thirty-eight.

page_text: Entry raper.
In the Matter of a Patent granted to JOHN HANSON, of Hudders-
field, in the County of York, Leaden Pipe Manufacturer, and
CHARLES HANSON, of the same place, Watchmaker, for their
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR MAKING OR MANUFACTURING PIPES, TUBES, AND VARIOUS OTHER
ARTICLES FROM METALLIC AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," bearing date at
Westminster, the Thirty-first day of August, One thousand eight
hundred and thirty-seven.
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION entered by the
said John Hanson on behalf of himself and the said Charles Hanson with
the Clerk of the Patents of England, pursuant to an Act passed in the
fifth and sixth years of His late Majesty's reign, intituled "An Act
to amend the Law touching Letters Patent for Inventions."
I, the said JOHN HANSON, do hereby declare that since obtaining the said
Letters Patent, I have discovered that the said improvements are only
applicable to the making or manufacturing of metal pipes and tubes, and that
theimprovements are not applicable to the making or manufacturing of various
other articles, or from other substances than metals or mixtures of metals.
And further that I have conversed with persons well conversant with engineer-
ing and the present Patent Laws, and I am advised to alter the title of the
said Patentin order to render the said Patent safe, and so as to properly secure
the said Invention. And for the reasons aforesaid, I, the said John Hanson, do
hereby, for myself and the said Charles Hanson, disclaim and omit all
such parts of the title of the said Patent as relate to the application of the said
Invention to other articles than pipes and tubes, and also to any other than
metallic substances (that is to say):-I, the said John Hanson, do hereby make
the following Disclaimer and omission and alteration of parts of the title of
the said Invention, and for this reason, namely, in order to make the same
consistent with what the said Specification will describe the Invention to be
when such Disclaimer and Alteration as aforesaid shall have been entered as
aforesaid, (that is to say,) I disclaim the words "various other articles," "and
other," and transpose the word "and" from between the words "tubes," and

page_text: "narious" to between the words "pipes" and tubes," in order that the said
title when so altered may read as follows: Certain improvements. in
machinery or apparatus for making or manufacturing pipes and tubes from
metallic substances:"
In witness whereof, I, the said John Hanson, have hereunto set my
hand; this Twenty-second day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and thirty-eight.
هرش
JOHN HANSON.
To the Clerk of the Patents of England.
"This is to certify, that John Hanson, of Huddersfield, in the County of York,
Leaden Pipe Manufacturer, on behalf of himself and Charles Hanson, of the
same place, Watchmaker, has applied to me for leave to enter the above-
written Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration of part of the title of a
certain Invention for which Letters Patent were duly granted under the Great
Seal, dated at Westminster, the 31st day of August, 1837, and on considering
of the said application, and no objection having been made thereto, I have:
accordingly granted leave to the said John Hanson to file his said Disclaimer:
and Memorandum ofAlteration, pursuant to the Statute passed in the sixth year
of the reign of His late Majesty, intituled "An Act to amend the Law touching
Letters Patent for Inventions.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-third day of February,
5 in the first year of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, the said John
Hanson came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknow-
ledged the instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and
specified, in form above written. And also the instrument aforesaid was
stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made in the fifty-fifth year of
0-the reign of His late Majesty King George the Third.