A CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND CLEANSING COTTON, SILK, WOOL, AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Barnes, of Church, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist, for the Invention of "A
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND CLEANSING
COTTON, SILK, WOOL, AND OTHER FABRICS."
Sealed the 25th March 1854, and dated the 28th December 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Barnes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 28th December 1858.
I, JOHN BARNES, of Church, in the County of Lancaster, Manufac-
turing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "A
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND CLEANSING COTTON,
SILK, WOOL, AND OTHER FABRICS," to be as follows:-
I first take acetic acid, muriatic acid, or any of the lime solvents, but
I particularly prefer muriatic acid at 32° of Twaddles. To this acid I

page_text: add a quantity of raw bone, always keeping them in excess and adding
fresh acid to what is left, or adding more bones when the last is dis-
solved till the acid is neutralized, which will take about 48 hours at
common temperature. At the end of this time there will be a quantity
of fatty matter upon the surface, which I skim off; the phosphate of
lime (decomposed by the muriatic acid), the muriate of lime, and super-
phosphate, with the gelatine from the bones, being in solution. To
this solution I add bicarbonate or subcarbonate of soda, potash, or
ammonia, until all the lime is precipitated, so that the clear liquor will
not change either alkaline or acid litmus paper; this compound is then
ready for use.
The fatty matter skimmed from the surface is then boiled in water
for 10 or 12 minutes, and allowed to settle and cool when the bone
and dirt will be deposited, and the fat concrete upon the surface.
What I claim is, dissolving the lime (bone) with a solvent, and then
precipitating the same with an alkaline so as to have gelatine, chalk,
and phosphate of soda as part of the compound to be used as a dung
substitute.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Barnes in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 15th June 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JOHN BARNES, of Church, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturing
Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said John Barnes, Her special
license that I, the said John Barnes, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Barnes, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,

page_text: from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT OB
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND CLEANSING COTTON, SILK, WOOL, AND OTHER
FABRICS," upon,
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John
Barnes, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the samo
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Barnes, do hereby declaro
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
I take muriatic acids, or any of the acids which has a stronger
aflinity for lime than phosphoric acid, but I particularly prefer muri-
atic acid (hydro-chloric acid) in consequence of its cheapness. To this
acid I add as much bone as it will take, always keeping the bone a
little in excess, which acid will be neutralized according to circum-
stances in from two to four days, but it cannot be too long upon the
bones. When neutralized, there will be a quantity of fatty matter upon
its surface much similar to yeast (or barm), which I skim off and treat
as hercin-after stated.
To the neutralized acid I add as much carbonate of soda (which I
prefer), potash, or ammonia, as will simply neutralize or only slightly
tint litmus paper to the alkaline side. The mixture is now ready for
use as "dung substitute." I do not confine myself to any particular
quantity of the afore-named articles, neither do I confine myself to
bone, as other phosphates will answer, such as ivory black, sugar
refiners waste, &c., but I prefer the mode specified, as if phosphate of
lime alone is used, gelatine is required to be added.
The fatty matter (or yeast) which is formed in the first operation is
simply taken and boiled in water, when the tallow rises to the surface,
which may be taken off'; then the undissolved bones may be used over

page_text: again with the addition of fresh bone. And I deliver this as my true
and faithful Specification of the same.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Barnes, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Ninth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
JOHN BARNES. (LS.)