IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM OR COMPRESSED AIR CARRIAGES FOR CONVEYING GOODS AND PASSENGERS ON COMMON ROADS, AND ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henri Adrien. Bonneville, of the British and
Foreign Patent Offices, 18, Rue de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris,
France, and 6, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM OR
COMPRESSED AIR CARRIAGES FOR CONVEYING GOODS AND PASSENGERS ON
COMMON ROADS, AND ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES."-A communi-
cation from Eugène Havard, residing at Courbevoic, France, Civil
Engineer.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Henri Adrien Bonneville
:
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 23rd December 1874, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRI
ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices, 18, Rục
de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, France, and 6, Piccadilly, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM OR COMPRESSED AIR CARRIAGES FOR CONVEYING Goods
AND PASSENGERS ON COMMON ROADS, AND ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES,"
communicated to me by Eugène Havard, a person resident at
Courbevoic, France, Civil Engineer, and have petitioned Her Majesty
to grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her
Royal Letters Patent for the same, and made solemn Declaration that
it is a communication.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and
scal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, reference being had
to the accompanying Drawings, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say :-
The Invention relates to a new and improved locomotive running on
common roads, and intended either to convey travellers or goods, or to
Low boats on canals and rivers. It is distinguished from other engines
of the same kind heretofore invented in that the motivo power and the
carriage conveying the passengers and goods are on the same framework,
and the locomotive when used as a conveyer does not draw waggons or
carriages.
The motion is imparted by the motive power to every wheel of the
carriage (four or six in number); therefore in order to turn at a short
curvo it was found necessary to place the wheels obliquely. For this
purpose the driving motion is transmitted directly by means of a con-
necting rod from the pistons to an intermediate shaft, and from the
latter to the wheels by means of endless chains passing over articulated
pulleys or wheels keyed upon the said shaft and the axletrccs. This
constitutes the main part of the Invention. Each or every driving
wliccl may be loosened by means of friction couplings.
This locomotive may be used for other purposes, such as for conveying
fire engines, firemen, and fire implements, for grubbing up, ploughing,
thrashing, grinding, irrigating, and for other agricultural purposes, for
drying up lakes, ponds, clearing land, and for emptying middens.
Steam is used as motive power with the engines now in use, or com-
pressed air with a new and improved engine which forms a second

page_text: part of the Invention. In the latter case the carriage body is provided
underneath with sheet-iron reservoirs or vessels of a sufficient size and
strength to contain air under a pressure equal to forty atmospheres by
means of improved stationary or portable compressing engines. This air
passes through six smaller sheet-iron reservoirs or vessels in front of the
carriage, in which the pressure is controlled by means of compensation
valves in order that the pressure may be kept at four atmospheres con-
tinually. The little vessels communicate with each other by means of
pipes, and are used only as regulators of the pressure, according as a
greater or less speed is required to be given to the carriage.
Two other detached vessels or reservoirs near the preceding ones are
filled with petroleum, which is injected into the fire-box of a stove, from
which the heat is transmitted to the inside of a cylinder or chamber, into
which the air under a pressure of four atmospheres enters, coming from
the above-mentioned recipients. This air, heated at about 150 to 155
degrees centigrade, is rarefied and is consequently increased in bulk,
thereby exercising a pressure equal to 6 atmospheres on the engine
pistons.
The compressing engine which forms the third part of the Invention
consists in the combination of three pumps provided with large pistons,
and of three other pumps with little pistons into which the air is forced
through pipes, and from which it is again forced through sheet-iron
reservoirs or vessels of suitable capacity and strength, in order to
transmit it afterwards to the chambers or reservoirs of the carriage.
The pump pistons are prevented from becoming heated by water being
admitted at cach stroke of the pistons, in order to prevent the air being
heated and to increase the quantity of air compressed. Each pump is
provided for this purpose with four valves, two for the admission and
two others for sucking in and forcing up the air.
The Invention is illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, the
Figures of which represent respectively in a plan, top view, and a longi.
Ludinal side clevation; Figs. 1 and 2, the conveying steam locomotive
engine; Figs. 3 and 4, the towing steam locomotive engine; Figs.
5 and 6 another towing steam locomotive engine; Figs. 7 and 8, the
locomotive engine worked by compressed air; Figs. 9 and 10, the com-
pressing and forcing steam engine; Figs. 11 and 12, a conveying steam
locomotive engine combined with a fire or irrigating engine.
"

page_text: Figs. 1 and 2, conveying steam locomotive engine; A, boiler, B,
cylinder; C, slides; D, cranks; E, driving shaft; F, crauk working
connecting rods G which impart the rotary motion to the intermediate
shaft on which are keyed the toothed wheels I working the back
wheels J by means of an endless chain K, the two toothed wheels I
being provided with friction couplings in order to turn in short curves;
L, wheels working the fore wheels M by means of an endless chain N;
O, connecting rods of the driving cylinders; 0, 0, piston rods; P,
starting lever; Q, shaft, working the fore wheels and pole R and the
friction couplings S; T, frame; U, body of the carriage; V, inter-
mediate shaft pedestal; X, friction rollers of fore wheels; Y, suspension
springs; Z, axle guards; a, iron bars; b, grease box; c, cams for
coupling or uncoupling the fore wheels; d, friction roller of the coupling
lever; e, friction coupling fixed on the fore wheels' axletree. These
couplings act automatically, working the rolling circle by means of a
pinion keyed upon the shaft working the rack of the rolling circle; S,
pinion worked by the shaft Q; g, shaft working the back couplings i, i,
by means of the shaft H, wormed at right and at left in order to work
the levers which move the couplings S; j, St. Andrew's cross; 2, slide
guide; m, slide rod; n, stuffing box.
Figs. 3 and 4, steam towing locomotive engine. In the Drawing. A
designates the boiler; B, cylinders; C, slides; D, cranks; B, wheels
keyed upon intermediate shafts F on which are mounted the toothed
wheels G worked by means of pinions H; I, axle guards; J, frame
carrying the engine; K, pole bolts fixed on a grease box L connecting
the frame together with axle guards I and the rolling circles M, N;
O, O, driving wheels; P, forc and back flies mounted on the shaft Q and
working the moveable joints of driving whicels through the bevil pinions
R and shafts S, upon which are keyed the pinions T working tho
circular racks U setting on the rolling circles connected with the engine
frame, and the rolling circles fixed on the axle guards. The engine is
carried on iron sleepers and suspension springs like ordinary locomotives.
The working shafts and axletrees are kept always parallel, and are
moved by means of endless chains shown in the Drawing.
Figs. 5 and 6, another steam locomotive engine. In the Drawing
A designates the boiler; B, cylinder; C, slides; D, cranks; E, driving
shaft; F, intermediate shaft on which are mounted toothed wheels G
worked by means of the pinions H; upon the said shafts F are keyed
•

page_text: the toothed wheels I round which pass the endless chains 1, 2, 3, 4,
through which the motion is transmitted to toothed wheels J mounted
on the axletrees K, upon which the wheels 5, 6, 7, 8, arc keyed; L;
friction coupling mounted on the intermediate shafts F; M, bevil wheel
working the pinions N acting upon the hinged plates O through the two
toothed slides P; Q, bearing springs; R, pins holding the bearings and
forming grease boxes kept in the axle guards O; S, pin guides. The
axle guards O are guided between the sleepers T, and in order to
facilitate the running they are kept in position by means of four
horizontal friction rollers 4, and four vertical 5; U, fly working the
shaft V upon which is mounted the pinion X operating the bevil wheel
M keyed on the shaft Y, upon which is mounted the pinion N through
which the motion is imparted to the guards O; Z, rohcatings. This
above described locomotive is provided with friction couplings or.
Breguet's couplings, in order to turn in short curves by loosening the
wheels on their axletrees, and by disengaging themselves at left or right
for the purpose of preventing the twisting of the axletrees as shown in
Fig. 3, the red lines representing the two friction couplings a' and b¹ on
the axletree K.
•
Figs. 7 and 8, compressed air locomotive engine. This locomotive
engine is constructed according to the Invention and substantially as
that above described, unless compressed air is used as the motive power.
In the Drawings A designates the caloric generator; B, compressed air
reservoirs or vessels; C, petrolcum reservoir; D, engineer's room; E,
rolling circle of the forepart; F, cross pieces holding the friction rollers
and connecting the frames; G, fore and back wheels; H, axletrees; I,
drawing cylinders filled with compressed air; J, connecting rods; K,
piston rods; L, driving shaft; M, whcels working the axletroes of the
running wheels; N, wheels to which motion is imparted by the endless
chains O; Q, pedestal of the driving crank shaft R; S, engine slides;
T, axle guards; U, bearers; V, springs; Y, framework of the carriago
X holding the compressed air reservoirs Z shown in the dotted lines.
Figs. 9 and 10, compressing forcing steam engine. This engine is
constructed according to the Invention and principles herein-before
mentioned. These forcing engines are stationary or carried on running
steam engines in order to fill with compressed air several engines at the
end of the line, and at the same time to allow the compressed air to be
carried to any point on the line in case of accident. This engine of 12.

page_text: horse power consists of a tubular steam boiler of 18 horse power, giving
one metre 50 of surface heated per horse-power of two driving cylinders,
the stroke length of which is 80 centimetres, and the diameter 21 centi-
metres, of cranks of 40 centimetres, of driving wheels of 50 centi-
metres in diameter, of two pinious mounted on the driving shaft of
two intermediate wheels of 1 metro in diameter, keyed on the bent
shaft of the pumps of three sucking and forcing pumps provided
with a piston 10 centimetres in diameter, and of three other pumps
provided with pistons 5 centimetres in diameter, the stroko length of
which being GO centimetres, and the length of the guido rods S0 centi-
metres, and that of the pump shaft cranks 30 centimetros. In tho
Drawing A is steam boiler; B, cylinders; C, connecting rods; D, piston
rods; E, slides; F, driving shaft; G, piston rod heads; H, stud working
the cranks fixed to the driving pinions I; J, eccentric; K, slides
working the steam slide valve rods; L, slide rods; M, slide boxes; N,
induction steam pipe; O, axletrees; P, running wheels; Q, axle
guards; R, springs; S, working wheels mounted on the intermediato
shaft T by which the motion is imparted to the wheels U keyed on the
axletrees O; V, driving endless chain passing over the intermediato
shaft T on which are mounted the wheels S; Y, intermediate chain
passing over the fore wheel U; X, intermediate chains passing over the
back wheel; Z, depending brackets; a, driving pinions which are set in
motion by the engine, and to which the crank stud H is attached; b,
intermediate shafts; c, shaft; d, bent crank shaft by means of which
the reciprocating motion is imparted to the pump pistons through the
connecting rods c; f, great pistons; 7, great pump chambers; h, small
pistons; i, small piston's chambers; j, pedestal of the engine driving
shaft F; , pedestals of the bent'shaft d; 1, reservoirs; m, valves of
pumps g; n, valves of pumps i; o, reservoir connecting pipes; q, framo
supporting the different parts of the engine.
Figs. 11 and 12, conveying steam locomotive engine in combination
with fire or irrigating engine. In the Drawing A designates the steam
boiler; B, cylinder; C, slides; D, driving connecting rods; E, cranks;
F, pedestals bearing the shaft G on which are keyed the toothed wheels
and I, through which the motion is transmitted to the intermediate
shaft J on which is mounted the toothed wheel R, over which pass
endless chains L which work the pulleys M and N by means of which
the rotary motion is imparted to the axletrees O. The motion is

page_text: imparted to the couplings by the eccentrics P worked by the fly wheels
Q, which transmit the motion to the two levers 1 and 2 placed one above
the other, through which the motion is transferred to the coupling levers
3, 4, 5, and 6; R, couplings mounted on the axletrees. These couplings
and lovers are shown in red lines; O, axletrees; S, axle guards carrying
friction rollers 7, 8, 9, 10; T, framework of the engine upon which the
friction rollers run; U, fly wheel mounted on the shaft U¹ on which is
keyed the bevil wheel V which transmits the motion to the excentrics Y
placed in the slide frames X. The slides Z give the rolling motion to the
axle guards S; Z', driving wheels fixed to the axletrees O.
Working of the Pump.-The water pump is worked by throwing into
gear the pinion H, and by disengaging the pinion I which then works
the wheel a mounted on the shaft 6 held by the pedestals c and imparting
the motion to the cranks d; e, connecting rods, to which the motion is
imparted by means of the cranks d. These rods are connected with the
piston rods by a Tƒ, attached to the piston rods i, which move the piston
inside the cylinders g and h; j, sucking pipe; k, forcing pipe; 1, reservoir;
m, wheel bearings; n, grease boxes. This pump is of an ordinary
kind.
I
Having thus described the said Invention and the manner of carrying
into effect, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to
the precise details above enumerated, as these may obviously be modified
without departing from the principle of the Invention, according to the
special construction and intended applications of the same, but what I
claim are steam or compressed air carriages for conveying goods and
passengers on common roads, and also applicable for other purposes,
constructed substantially as abovo described and represented in tho
accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, have licreto
set my hand scal, this Tenth day of December, in the year of our
H. BONNEVILLE. (L.S.)