A NEW OR IMPROVED BREAKING MACHINE FOR ALL KINDS OF FABRICS TO REMOVE SURPLUS DRESSING THEREFROM
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Claude Garnier of 50 Rue Boileau at Lyons (Dept. du
Rhône) France for an Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED BREAKING MACHINE
FOR ALL KINDS OF FABRICS TO REMOVE SURPLUS DRESSING THEREFROM
"
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Claude Garnier at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd February 1883.
CLAUDE GARNIER of 50 Rue Boileau at Lyons (Dept du Rhône) France,
A NEW OR IMPROVED BREAKING MACHINE FOR ALL KINDS OF FABRICS TO
REMOVE SURPLUS DRESSING THEREFROM
"
The "breaking" of textile fabrics has for its object to break and remove the
excess of the dressing which is imparted to fabrics in order to render them of
greater strength or thickness.
The breaking machines used heretofore are rather polishing machines than
breaking machines, and they have, in addition, the disadvantage in connection with
figured fabrics of raising the fibre or pile which the dressing operations have for
their particular object to do away with. Also, such machines require considerable
motive power and a great speed.
The new or improved breaking machine which forms the subject of my present
invention avoids these inconveniences. It consists, firstly, of a frame carrying a
series of rollers, that can revolve freely, and are at distances apart greater than the
diameter of each roller. This frame is moveable and can be raised and lowered by
means of a rack and pinion or other suitable mechanisın. Secondly, it consists of
a second series of rollers mounted on the framing of the machine, which rollers
can also turn freely, or be rendered stationary; these rollers are furthermore so
placed that they correspond with the spaces between the rollers of the moveable
frame so that, in descending, these can consequently enter between the stationary
rollers. Thirdly, it consists of the said framing at the ends of which are placed
on the one hand a roller on which is rolled the fabric to be broken, and on the

page_text: other hand another roller on which the fabric is wound up after breaking, such
roller being rotated either by a crank handle or by a driving pulley.
The two sets of rollers which may be of wood or metal, are formed with rounded
projections on their surfaces, arranged either in the helical, diamond, or other form,
such projections being by preference formed of nails or pegs, with rounded heads, 5
or of semicircular staples or eyes, or of small rounded crossbars fixed on the
surface of the roller by nails, screws or otherwise, or even cast thereon, or raised
upon the same by cutting tools. Other rollers are provided for guiding the fabric.
For working the machine the moveable frame being raised, the fabric is passed
from the one end roller, on which it is wound, between the upper and lower 1
rollers and is then fixed to the winding roller. The moveable frame is then
lowered so that its rollers in passing between the stationary rollers impart greater
or less tension to the fabric according as may be desired. The winding roller is
then rotated, and the fabric in being thus drawn through the rollers causes these
to rotate and to effect a perfect breaking action on the fabric by its passage over
the projections thereof.
According to another arrangement of the machine the fixed rollers are arranged
on the upper part of the framing while the moveable rollers, which can be raised
or lowered, so as to pass between, or descend below the former, are arranged below
on the moveable frame. The latter is raised or lowered by the action of the
eccentrics actuated by wheels with helicoidal teeth, and screw worms fixed on a
longitudinal shaft which is actuated by crank handles, in either direction
The travel of the fabric, also either in one direction or the other, is effected by
the one or the other of two clutches which are put in or out of gear by levers,
actuated by a rod. These clutches slide upon, and are rotated by, a shaft driven
by a helicoidal wheel gearing with a spur wheel on a transverse shaft carrying
fast and loose pullies. The transmission of the motion from the clutches to the
winding rollers in one direction or the other is effected by bevil gearing.
The fabric is made to pass, at each end of the breaking rollers, over conical
distending rollers, the axes of which run in vertically sliding bearings that are
raised or lowered, according to the direction in which the fabric is travelling, by
means of cams on the shafts of which are toothed wheels gearing with worm wheels
on a shaft rotated by a crank handle.
According to another arrangement of the machine the two sets of rollers are
arranged respectively on a fixed framing and on a moveable frame which are placed
vertically instead of horizontally, as in the two preceding cases.
The movement of the frame carrying the moveable rollers is effected by a parallel
motion actuated by a hand lever of any suitable description, or the devices
described in connection with the first arrangement may be employed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Claude Garnier in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th July
1883.
CLAUDE GARNIER of 50 Rue Boileau at Lyons (Dept du Rhone) France
A NEW OR IMPROVED BREAKING MACHINE FOR ALL KINDS OF FABRICS ΤΟ
REMOVE SURPLUS DRESSING THEREFROM
"
The "breaking" of textile fabrics has for its object to break and remove the
excess of the dressing which is imparted to fabrics in order to render them of
greater strength or thickness.
The breaking machines used heretofore are rather polishing machines than
breaking machines, and they have, in addition, the disadvantage in connection with
figured fabrics, of raising the fibre or pile which the dressing operations have for
their particular object to do away with. Also, such machines require considerable
motive power and a great speed.
The new or improved breaking machine, which forms the subject of my present
invention, avoids these inconveniences. It consists, as shewn on Figs. 1 and 2 of
the drawings, firstly, of a frame A A carrying a series of rollers a, that can revolve
freely, and are at distances apart greater than the diameter of each roller. This
frame is moveable and can be. raised and lowered by means of a rack and pinion
or other suitable mechanism. Secondly, it consists of a second series of rollers b,
mounted on the framing of the machine, which rollers can also turn freely, or be
rendered stationary; these rollers are furthermore so placed that they correspond
with the spaces between the rollers a of the moveable frame A A, so that, in
descending, these can consequently enter between the stationary rollers b, as shewn
at Fig. 3. Thirdly, it consists of a framing B B at the ends of which are placed on
the one hand, the roller C on which is rolled the fabric to be broken, and on the
other hand the roller D on which the fabric is wound up after breaking, such
roller being rotated either by a crank handle as shewn or by a driving pulley.
The rollers a and b, which may be of wood or metal, are formed with rounded
projections on their surfaces, arranged either in helical, diamond or other form,
such projections being by preference formed of nails or pegs, with rounded heads,
or of semicircular staples or eyes, or of small rounded crossbars fixed on the surface
of the roller by nails, screws, or otherwise, or even cast thereon or raised upon the
same by cutting tools.
E, F are rollers that guide the fabric. For working the machine, the
frame A. A being raised the fabric is passed from the roller C between the upper
and lower rollers a and b and is then fixed to the roller D. The frame A is then
lowered so that the rollers a, in passing between the rollers b, impart greater or
less tension to the fabric, according as may be desired. The winding roller D is
then rotated and the fabric, in being thus drawn through the rollers a and b,
causes these to rotate and to effect a perfect breaking action on the fabric by its
passage over the projections thereof.
In Figs. 4 and 5 of the drawings, is shewn another arrangement of the machine
in which the fixed rollers b are arranged on the upper part of the framing B while
the rollers a, which can be raised or lowered, so as to pass between or descend
below the former, are arranged below on the moveable frame A. The latter is
raised or lowered by the action of the eccentrics cc actuated by the wheels d d
with helicoidal teeth, and the screw worms ƒ ƒ fixed on the longitudinal shaft g
which is actuated by crank handles h h, in either direction.
The travel of the fabric, also either in one direction or the other, is effected by

page_text: the one or the other of the clutches ii which are put in or out of gear by levers
actuated by a rod. These clutches are rotated by the shaft k driven by the
helicoidal wheel l, wheel m and shaft n carrying fast and loose pullies oo. The
transmission of the motion from the clutches to the winding rollers C or D, in one
direction or the other is effected by the bevil wheels p p q q. The fabric is made
to pass at each end of the breaking rollers over conical distending rollers R R, the
axes of which run in vertically sliding bearings that are raised or lowered,
according to the direction in which the fabric is travelling, by means of cams on
the shafts of which are toothed wheels gearing with worm wheels tt on a shaft &
rotated by a crank handle.
Figs. 6, 7 and 8 shew respectively a side elevation, end elevation and plan of
a modified arrangement of the machine, in which the rollers a bare arranged
respectively on the framing B and on a frame A placed vertically instead of
horizontally, as in the two preceding cases.
The movement of the rollers a a of the frame A between those b b of the
framing B is effected by an arrangement of levers, 1, 2, 3, 4, of which the combi-
nation may however be varied at will, or it may be replaced by those described
with reference to the first arrangement.
Having thus described the nature of my invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, I claim :-
First. The construction of breaking machines for textile fabrics of silk, wool,
cotton or other fibre, wherein two sets of rollers are employed of which the one set
is fixed while the other set is carried by a moveable frame which allows of the said
rollers being introduced between the first named rollers so as to effect the breaking
of the fabric passing between them.
Second. Constructing the rollers referred to in the preceding claim of wood or
metal having projections on their surfaces either in a helicoidal direction or in
diamonds or otherwise, such projections being formed of nails or pegs with rounded
heads, or of semicircular staples or eyes, or of rounded cross bars, secured on the
rollers by nails, screws, or otherwise, or formed in one with the body of the roller.
Third. The arrangement of breaking machines referred to in the preceding
claims with the rollers in a horizontal position as described with reference to
Figs 1 to 5 of the drawings.
Fourth. The arrangement of the breaking machine with the rollers in a vertical
position as described with reference to Figs 6, 7 and 8 of the Drawings.
In Witness whereof I the said Claude Garnier have hereunto set my hand
and seal this second day of July in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty-three.