IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WARMING OR HEATING
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Lorentz Albert Groth, K.G.V., Civil Engineer and
Proprietor of the Scandinavian Patent Office, under the Firm of L. A.
Groth & Co., 97, Finsbury Pavement, London, E.C., for an Invention of
“IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WARMING OR HEATING." A communi-
cation from abroad by Carl Östlund, Engineer, of Stockholm, in the Kingdom
of Sweden
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Lorentz Albert Groth at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th November 1881.
LORENTZ ALBERT GROTH, K.G.V., Civil Engineer and Proprietor of the Scan-
dinavian Patent Office, under the Firin of L. A. Groth & Co., 97, Finsbury.
Pavement, London, E.C. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WARMING OR
HEATING." A communication from abroad by Carl Ostlund, Engineer, of
Stockholm, in the Kingdom of Sweden.
The object of this Invention is to produce an apparatus by which great heat
may be produced at a low cost by burning paraflin or other suitable oil without
danger of explosion.
The apparatus consists of four parts, namely:-1st., a reservoir for the paraffin
or other oil; 2nd., a vessel placed in a lower position and connected to the first by
a pipe. This second vessel collects any carbon or dirt which may conic from the
oil and which may be drawn off from the said vessel through a tap at the bottom
thereof; 3rd., a system or arrangement of pipes; and 4th., a cap or cover which
assists to produce a complete combustion of the gas generated from the oil.
Instead of the two reservoirs or vessels above mentioned one only may be
employed. The apparatus for burning the oil may be separate from the reservoir,
or both may be combined as preferred.
When the burner and reservoir are combined the paraflin or other oil is filled
into the reservoir through a supply hole, round which, but inside the reservoir, is
placed a partition to shut off the upper part or air space of the reservoir, into
which air has to be pumped or compressed in order to press up the oil into the
CD Cer

page_text: tubes as the consumption goes on. When the reservoir is filled up to the lower
edge of the said partition, the air above the oil will be compressed and prevents
any further inlet of oil into the reservoir. The reservoir may be constructed in
various ways. After the oil is poured into the reservoir the filling hole may be
closed by a screw plug or otherwise.
When the apparatus is to be used, the system of pipes forming the third part
above mentioned of the apparatus should be hented by a spirit lamp, and air
forced into the reservoir through a suitable pipe by means of a bellows, a pump,
or other suitable air forcing apparatus so as to force the oil up the said pipes. Or
when an elevated reservoir is used the oil is forced up the pipes by gravitation.
The oil thus forced into the heated system or arrangement of pipes is there
heated and converted into vapour or gas, which issues from a hole or holes in the
said pipes. The said vapour or gas inixes with the surrounding air and impinges
upon parts of the pipes placed above the hole or holes, whereby the velocity of
the said gas and air is reduced. This gas and air is ignited, further heats the
piping, and comes in contact with a flat disc in the aforesaid cap or cover and
with the inner side surfaces of the said cap, whereby a draft of air is produced
which assists in the combustion of the gas, rendering the said combustion as complete
as possible. When the flame of the oil gas is produced so as to heat the pipes itself,
the spirit lamp or other temporary heating flame may be removed, as the formation
of vapour or gas is continued by the heat of the burning gas or vapour. The
vessel containing the articles to be heated is placed on the aforesaid cap or cover.
When the flame of the burning vapour or gas has become strong enough, the air
inlet to the reservoir should be closed and no more air forced into the reservoir.
If the heat is to be decreased the said air inlet should be opened, whereby the
pressure in the reservoir will be reduced, and if the flame is to be extinguished
entirely the said air inlet is to be opened fully.
The system or arrangement of pipes may comprise one, two, or more branches
leading from the lower part of the reservoir, and may consist of a comparitively
great length of pipe, bent in such a manner as to occupy as small an amount of
space as may be convenient. Such a construction possesses the advantage that
the oil is heated slowly when passing through the pipes, whereby no heat is con-
ducted to the oil reservoir, and consequently no explosive gases are formed therein.
A certain amount of carbon is separated during the formation of vapour or gas in
the pipes, but such carbon gradually sinks to the bottom of the reservoir, and can
be drawn off from time to time into a vessel in which it will settle from the upper
or clear portions of tho oil, which can then be decanted for future use.
This apparatus may be employed for heating small boilers, for cooking, for
heating rooms, and for other similar purposes. Paraffin, benzoline, naphtlia, raw
petroleum spirit, and other oils may be burnt in the apparatus.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Lorentz Albert Groth in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
23rd May 1882.
LORENTZ ALBERT GROTH, K.G.V., Civil Engineer and Proprietor of the Scan-
dinavian Patent Office, under the Firm of L. A. Groth & Co., 97, Finsbury
Pavement, London, E.C. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WARMING. OR
HEATING." A communication from abroad by Carl Östlund, Engineer, of
Stockholm, in the Kingdom of Sweden.
The object of this Invention is to produce an apparatus by which great heat may
be produced at a low cost by burning paraffin or other suitable oil, without
danger of explosion.
The apparatus consists of four parts, namely:-1st. (See Fig. 1 of the Drawings.)
A reservoir a for the paraffin or other oil. 2nd. A vessel 6 placed in a lower
position and connected to the first by a pipe. This second vessel collects any
carbon or dirt which may come from oil, and which may be drawn off from the
said vessel through a tap at the bottom thereof. 3rd. A systein or arrangements
of pipes c; and, 4th, a cap or cover d which assists to produce a complete
combustion of the gas generated from the oil.
Instead of the two reservoirs or vessels above mentioned one only may be
employed, as shown in Figures 2, 3, and 4 of the Drawings.
The apparatus for burning the oil may bo separate from the reservoir, or both
may be combined as preferred.
In Figure 1 the apparatus is shown with the reservoir separate from the burner;
Figure 2 shows an elevation of an apparatus with reservoir; Figure 3 a plan, and
Figure 4 a section of same; and Figure 5 a method of arranging the feeding tap or
plug.
When the burner and reservoir are combined, as in Figures 2, 3, and 4, the
paraffin or other oil is filled into the reservoir A through a supply hole a', round
which, but inside the reservoir is placed a partition b' to shut off the upper part or
nir space of the reservoir, into which air has to be pumped or compressed in order
to press up the oil into the tubes as the consumption goes on. When the reservoir A
is filled up to the lower edge of the said partition 6' the air above the oil will be
compressed, and prevents any further inlet of oil into the reservoir. The air space
in the reservoir may be constructed in various ways; for example, as shown in
Figure 5 or otherwise. After the oil is poured into the reservoir the filling hole a¹
may be closed by a screw plug as shown or otherwise.
When the apparatus is to be used, the system of pipes B forming the third part
above mentioned of the apparatus, should be heated by a spirit lamp and air forced
into the reservoir through a suitable pipe C' by means of a bellows, a pump, or other
suitable air forcing apparatus so as to force the oil up the said pipes. Or, when
an elevated reservoir is used, as shown in Figure 1, the oil is forced up the pipes by
gravitation.
The oil thus forced into the heated system or arrangement of pipes B is there
heated and converted into vapour or gas, which issues from a hole or holes d¹ in the
anid pipes. The said vapour or gas mixes with the surrounding air and impringes
upon parts of the pipes placed above the hole or holes whereby the velocity of tho
said gas and air is reduced.
The gas and air is ignited by the flame of the beforementioned spirit lamp and
further heats the piping, and comes in contact with a flat disc in the aforesaid
cap or cover d, and with the inner side surfaces of the said cap, whereby a draft of

page_text: air is produced which assists in the combustion of the gas, rendering the said
combustion as complete as possible.
When the flame of the oil gas is produced so as to heat the pipes itself the spirit
lamp or other temporary heating flame may be removed, as the formation of vapour
or gas is continued by the heat of the burning gas or vapour. The vessels containing
the articles to be heated is placed on the aforesaid cap or cover. When the flame
of the burning vapour or gas has become strong enough the air inlet to the reservoir
should be closed and no more air forced into the reservoir through the pipe C¹.
If the heat is to be decreased, the said air inlet C₁ should be slightly opened,
whereby the pressure in the reservoir will be reduced, and if the flame is to be
extinguished entirely the said inlet is to be opened fully.
The system or arrangement of pipes B may comprise one, two, or more branches
leading from the lower part of the reservoir, and may consist of a comparatively
great length of pipe bent in such manner as to occupy as small an amount of space
as may be convenient. Such a construction possesses the advantage that the oil is
heated slowly when passing through the pipes, whereby no hent is conducted to
the oil reservoir, and consequently no explosive gases are formed therein. A certain
amount of carbon is separated during the formation of vapour or gas in the pipes,
but such carbon gradually sinks to the bottom of the reservoir, and can be drawn
off from time to time through the hole a¹ into a vessel in which it will settle from
the upper or clear portion of the oil which can then be decanted for future use.
the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 this drawing off is effected through the tap x, and
the oil is completely consumed so that the most volatilo gases do not first escape,
but the oil left in the reservoir has always the same specific gravity as the oil first
supplied.
In
The flame produced in these apparatuses does not deposit soot, and no smoke is
produced by the burning. The lamp is free from dirt, is economical as regards
consumption of oil, and the regulation of the flame is almost instantaneous.
This apparatus inay be employed for heating small boilers, for heating and
evaporating liquids, for cooking, for heating rooms, and for other similar purposes.
Paraffin, benzoline, naptha, raw petroleum, spirit, and other oils may be burnt in
the apparatus.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention and the manner in
which the same is to or may be performed, I would have it understood that what
I claim is,―
First. The apparatus for the purpose of heating, constructed and arranged as
herein before described and illustrated in the Drawings hereto annexed.
Second. The system or arrangement of pipes B for the purpose of slowly
heating the rising oil as herein before described and illustrated in the Drawings
hereto annexed.
.
Third. The cover or cap d for the purpose of effecting a complete combustion of
the gas produced from the oil, applied and arranged substantially as herein before
described and illustrated in the Drawings hereto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Lorentz Albert Groth, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.