Improvements in the Manufacture of Slabs or Tiles.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 16th June. 1891-Accepted, 15th Aug., 1851
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Slabs or Tiles.
I, OTTO BÖKLEN, of Lauffen-on-the-Neckar, in the Empire of Germany,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
My invention relates to the manufacture of slabs or tiles from cement and other
plastic substances, whereby they are especially suitable for forming outside walls,
floors, partition-walls and ceilings.
In carrying out my invention I make the slabs or tiles from cement or other
plastic substances or stone in lengths like wooden planks, deals or match-boards,
so that they can be fastened in rows upon suitable framework, similarly to boards,
for covering parts of buildings or for other purposes, the said slabs or tiles being
made with an even surface on one side and with a number of ribs, forming cells,
on the other side, the even sides being the fronts of the slabs; the front sides
can, however, if required, be ornamented, and the slabs may be straight, curved or
angular according to requirements.
It will be found preferable, in practice to place the slabs on each side of the
framework which in the usual way is formed by the joists, and to entirely fill in
the spaces between the slabs with suitable loose material forming a non-conductor
of heat and sound such as coal-ashes, chaff, straw or the like.
In the accompanying drawings,-
Figures 1 to 12 are back views of portions of my improved slabs or tiles
illustrating several different ways of arranging the ribs to form the cells therein:
Figures 13 to 24 are sections of Figures 1 to 12 respectively:
Figures 25 to 26 are similar views to Figures 1 and 2 drawn to an enlarged
scale, Figure 25 shewing the slab or tile provided with a sheet metal core or wire-
netting a to give it additional strength:
Figure 27 is a section of a piece of flooring and ceiling made with my improved
slabs or tiles. The flooring slabs band ceiling slabs c are fastened to the joists d
and the spaces between the distance-pieces e and the slabs b and c are shewn
entirely filled in with loose material f, being a non-conductor of heat and sound,
which also enters the cells in the backs of the slabs.
Figure 28 is an elevation and Figure 29 is a vertical section of part of a wall
made with my improved tiles. The slabs b, bare suitably fastened to the joists g
and uprights h and the intervening space is filled in with loose material f, being a
non conductor of heat and sound.
Figure 30 is an elevation and Figure 31 is a horizontal section of part of a wall
shewing my cement slabs b, b fitted into grooves made in the uprights and j;
is the material forming a non-conductor of heat and sound filled in between
the slabs.
Figure 32 is a vertical section illustrating another means for securing the slabs
together when forming walls therewith. It consists in moulding the slabs b with
recesses k, k¹ to receive the ends and stem respectively of a double headed pin or
tie-piece, the recesses k being then filled in with cement or other suitable material.
Figure 33 is a side elevation and Figure 34 is an end view of one of such tie-pieces.
Or the tie-pieces may be provided with more than two heads or flanges. The
stems of the pins are connected together by a wire or the like twisted or wound
around them, the ends of the said wire being twisted round the uprights of the wall.
The use of wire in this manner enables the walls to withstand great pressure from
the wind or other causes and the wire assists the binding of the wall while the
mortar or cement is soft.

page_text: Instead of using pins or tie-pieces such as I may employ screws or similar
adjustable metal connections for the slabs or tiles.
Figures 35 and 36 are sections shewing the application of my improved slabs to
the formation of the roofs of vaults, the slabs being suitably curved for the purpose
as shewn.
The materials which I find to be most suitable for use in the-manufacture of the
slabs or tiles are cement, mortar, concrete, plaster of Paris, asphalt, xylolith,
(a substance consisting of compressed particles of wood) and papier-maché.
By the use of my improved slabs the construction of buildings is much simplified,
considerable economy is effected in the time of construction, the walls are practically
as non-conducting to heat and sound as thick stone walls, and there will be but
little loss in value of material when pulling down a building.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. The manufacture of slabs of the forms represented in Figures 1 to 24 in
lengths like wooden planks, deals or match-boards from suitable plastic substances
such as cement, mortar, concrete, plaster of Paris, asphalt, xylolith, and papier-
maché, or from stone, which slabs are intended to be used similarly to boards for
covering parts of buildings, substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. The use of slabs made in the manner referred to in Claim 1 for covering parts
of buildings and for other purposes, substantially as hereinbefore described.
3. The use for fixing slabs or tiles made in the manner referred to in Claim 1, of
tie-pieces such as 1, Figures 32, 33 and 34 entering correspondingly shaped recesses
in the slabs or tiles, the stems of the tie-pieces being then connected by a wire or
the like, substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated the 16th day of June 1891.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4,,South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.