IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PIPES OR TUBES FOR CONVEYING WATER, GAS, ACIDS, SEWAGE, ENCLOSING ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH WIRES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES; WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE: OF OTHER VESSELS AND ARTICLES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CON- NECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hargreaves at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st January
1862.
I, JOHN HARGREAVES, of No. 12, Clifton Cottages, Clifton Road, Peckham, in
the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PIPES OR TUBES FOR CONVEYING
WATER, GAS, ACIDS, SEWAGE, ENCLOSING ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH WIRES, AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES; WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE:
OF OTHER VESSELS AND ARTICLES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CON-
NECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists,. firstly, in combining and treating various mate-
rials or substances, which I convert into a bituminous mastic, possessing
density, ductility, hardness, great strength to resist pressure, and various
other qualities, which render this bituminous mastic well adapted for the
manufacture of pipes or tubes, conduits for telegraphic wires, invert blocks
for sewers, damp-proof courses for walls, and for various other purposes.
I take all or any of the following ingredients, bitumen, cement, chalk,.
clay, flint, lime, oyster, and other marine shells, river or other sand, slag, and
slate. I also employ and utilise the refuse and short waste of cotton,
worsted, wool, hemp, flax, tow, jute, cocoa-nut fibre, and other fibrous
materials, gutta percha, coautchouc, gums, and oils. I treat the solid
materials, as follows:-

page_text: I thoroughly dry and expel all moisture by evaporation, by placing them
in a hot drying room or kiln, and when sufficiently dry, I place them
under the action of powerful, runners which grinds them in a fine powder;
I then take a certain proportion of the powder of each ingredient, according
to the article intended to be made, and place them in a hopper or receiver
from which they are passed through a sieve or screen which thoroughly
mixes them together. I afterwards place the powder thus heated in another
stove or kiln until it is heated to the proper degree of temperature required,
and I-then run off a sufficient quantity of melted bitumen into a reservoir
with a revolving apparatus attached, and add the requisite quantity of the
waste of gums; oils, and fibre, and when these are properly incorporated
with the melted bitumen, I add a certain portion of the powdered mix-
ture until all the various ingredients are thoroughly amalgamated into a stiff
plastic substance.
proper
and
The second part of this Invention relates to improved machinery or ap-
paratus for manufacturing pipes or tubes, vessels, and other articles from my
improved bituminous mastic. I construct a cylinder with an outside casing
or steam-tight jacket, into which annular space I admit a current of superheated
steam, for the purpose of keeping the bituminous mastic at a
sufficient degree of temperature. In the inner or working part of the cylinder
I provide a moveable piston for forcing the bituminous mastic through the
orifices of the die or mould. On the bottom of the cylinder is a hollow space
or chamber, in which are placed ducts or passages to admit a current of cold:
air, and in some instances a fine stream of water, for the purpose of regulating
and reducing the temperature of the bituminous. mastic on its passage through
the orifices of the die or mould, which die or mould is secured to the bottom
of the hollow chamber of the cylinder by bolts. and. nuts.or other suitable.
contrivance. Below the cylinder is suspended a moveable table or platform'
counterplanced. The piston is put in motion by suitable gearing driven by a
steam engine, or other prime mover; the downward 'motion: of the, piston
forces or compresses the bituminous mastic through the aperture between the
die and core. The moulded bituminous. mastic rests upon the table or.
platform below, which descends by its pressure until the pipe or other article is.
formed of the required length and size.
.
"