matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN OVENS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Clow at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents; with his Petition, on the 30th October
1863.
I, HENRY CLOW, of Bland Street, Dover Road, in the County of Surrey, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OVENS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in ovens. In constructing
ovens according to this Invention they are made of considerable length and
the matters to be baked are caused to travel through the oven by means of a
travelling endless web that passes from end to end of the oven, the sides and
the top and bottom of the oven are composed of fire tiles, and the oven is
heated by means of flues in the following manner :-The bottom of the oven
is heated by flues passing from one fireplace or furnace, and the top of the
oven is heated by flues passing from another furnace, both of the furnaces are
placed near to that end of the oven at which the matters to be baked enter,
the matters to be baked are thus subjected to the greatest heat on first
entering the oven. The furnaces that heat the flues that pass along the top
and bottom of the oven are at right angles to the length of the oven, and flues
pass from both sides of the furnaces. The flues from one side run towards
the entrance end of the oven, and from the other side to the exit end of the
oven. The flues that run towards the entrance end of the oven are com-
paratively short as the fires are as before stated placed near to this end of the
oven. The short flues from one of the furnaces when they arrive at the
entrance end of the oven are led into a flue that runs along and heats one side

page_text: of the oven, and the short flues from the other furnace are similarly led into
a flue that heats the other side of the oven. The flues at the exit end of the
oven all unite into one common flue and in this flue a damper is placed by
which the heat of the flues can be regulated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR BROOCHES AND OTHER ARTICLES OF JEWELLERY
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Perks at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th December
1863.
I, THOMAS PERKS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Jeweller,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FASTENINGS FOR BROOCHES AND OTHER ARTICLES OF JEWELLERY," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
fastenings for brooches and other articles of jewellery in which the fastening
is effected by means of a pointed pin connected with the brooch or other
article of jewellery being passed through the dress or other thing to which
the brooch or article of jewellery is to be attached. The object of my
Invention is to protect the point of the said pin, and so effectually to secure
it in the brooch or catch in which it engages as to prevent it from being
accidentally disengaged therefrom.
For convenience of description I will describe my Invention in connection
with a brooch. Instead of making the part in which the point of the pin
engages of the ordinary hook form, I give to the said part the shape of a
hollow sphere, having on one side a horizontal slot opening into a vertical slot
on the side opposite to the joint on which the pin turns. In using the
fastening, the point of the pin, after it has been passed through the part of the
dress to which the brooch is to be attached, is introduced through the said
horizontal slot into the vertical one, in which it is retained by the elasticity of

page_text: be
the pin; the point being contained in the hollow sphere is perfectly protected.
Although I prefer to give the guard by which the point of the pin is protected
a spherical figure, yet I do not limit myself thereto, as other forms may
given to it. In order to prevent the pin from being accidentally disengaged
from the guard, I fix a spring at the horizontal slot herein-before described.
The said spring is of a nearly elliptical figure, and is situated in a plane at
right angles to the axis of the pin. The lower end of the spring is fixed to
the bottom of the horizontal slot, and its free end bears against the upper side
of the said horizontal slot. After the pin has been passed through the dress
its pointed end is pressed upon the free end of the spring, the said end of the
spring yields, and the pin escaping from it passes into the horizontal slot, and
from thence into the vertical one of the guard; should the pin by any
accident be displaced, so as to pass out of the slots in the guard, it enters the
bow of the spring, and the brooch consequently does not become unfastened.
In order to unfasten the brooch the free end of the spring is pressed from the
top of the horizontal slot, when the pin can be passed out of the said slot, and
the brooch can now be removed from the dress.
My Invention is applicable not only to brooches, but to pins, watch books,
earrings, solitaires, and all articles of jewellery which are or may be fastened
by means of a pin similar to a brooch pin.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BELLS AND OF RESISTING AND NON- CUTTING TOOLS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald Brooman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd May 1863. A communication from abroad by Henri Micolon, of
Paris, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BELLS AND OF RESISTING AND NON-
CUTTING TOOLS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a new method of manufacturing bells and non-
cutting tools, such as anvils, hammers, and the like, from an alloy in a rever-
beratory furnace or ordinary cupola. The alloy consists of waste or ribbands of
iron, or of tin and steel, with manganese and borax, to which a small pro-
portion of wolfram is sometimes added. The mixture preferred for the more-
special manufacture of bells is the following:
20 parts of iron turnings or ribbands, or tin waste..
80 parts of ribbands of steel or steel waste.
4
"
4
manganese.
borax.
When desired to increase the tenacity of the alloy two to three parts of wolfram
are added.
Process. When the crucible is ready I pour in the mixture of iron and
steel, then the manganese, next the borax, and I recharge with coke
or coal; the fusion of the mixture thus takes place directly in the cupola,
and the mass is run out into moulds. I obtain by this process of mixing and

page_text: fusion in the cupola bells which possess the sonority of silver, while the cost, as
compared with that of bronze, is much less. If desired to give the bells the
appearance of bronze or copper, they may be coated by the electro-galvanic
process.
If anvils, hammers, or other non-cutting tools are to be produced, I proceed
as before described, but I change the respective proportions of the iron and
steel waste according to the character of the tool.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN WINE GLASSES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Sherwood at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th February
1863.
I, WILLIAM SHERWOOD, of the Firm of John Sherwood and Sons, of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Silversmiths, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN WINE
GLASSES," to be as follows:--
My Invention consists in making wine glasses by attaching bowls of glass
to stems and feet made of metal. At the base of the bowl a peg or short
stem of glass is formed which is fixed in a screw socket by plaster of Paris or
other cement. A foot and stem made of metal are connected with the bowl
by means of a hollow screw on the top of the stem into which the screw
socket at the base of the bowl screws. Wine glasses made according to my
Invention are elegant in appearance and are less liable to accident than wine
glasses made wholly of glass. Different kinds of bowls may be fitted at
pleasure to the same stem and foot and a broken bowl is easily and quickly
replaced by another. The bowl may be fixed to the stem by the use of cement
instead of by means of a screw.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING ORDNANCE, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to valentine Baker, Lieutenant-Colonel of Her
Majesty's 10th Regiment of Hussars, at present stationed at Dublin,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING ORDNANCE, AND IN
APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
Sealed the 13th May 1864, and dated the 17th November 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Valentine Baker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
November 1863.
I, VALENTINE BAKER, Lieutenant-Colonel of Her Majesty's 10th Regiment
of Hussars, at present stationed at Dublin, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING ORDNANCE, AND
IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved mode or method of closing and
opening the breech of breech-loading ordnance, and to a means for facilitating
the introduction of the charge.
According to this Invention it is proposed to employ a cylindrical metal
plug having one, two, or more longitudinal projections on the side thereof, and
having its inner end cap-shaped. This plug is inserted longitudinally into the
gun from the rear, corresponding grooves or ways being made in the bore at

page_text: the breech to receive the projections herein-before referred to. When the
plug is driven home it is turned on its axis more or less so as to lock it within
the breech, suitable cross grooves being made inside the bore to receive the pro-
jections when the plug is rotated. The plug is thus held inside the breech by au
arrangement somewhat similar to the well-known bayonet joint. By inclining
slightly the faces of the projections and making the cross groove at a corre-
sponding angle, the pressure of the gases on the firing of the charge will have
a tendency to tighten the plug still further in its place, whilst the chamber or
cup in the face of the plug expands sufficiently to prevent any leakage or
escape of these gases. In some cases the front end of the plug may be made
to contain the charge, which is then introduced into the gun in company with
the plug. It is also proposed in certain cases to employ a carriage or tray
made to traverse to and fro transversely across the rear of the breech, such
carriage forming a support for the breech plug on its withdrawal from the
gun. It is then moved side ways so as to carry the plug or breech piece out
of the line of the bore, leaving the breech free for the introduction of the
charge, which has been previously placed upon the carriage, and brought into
line with the breech by the traverse of the carriage when shifting the breech
piece or plug. If found desirable, levers, screws, or other suitable mechanical
appliances may be employed for turning and withdrawing the plug or breech
piece.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THROSTLE SPINNING AND DOUBLING FRAMES, WHOLLY OR PARTLY APPLICABLE TO ROVING AND SLUBBING FRAMES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Mallinson and John
Livingston at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 24th February 1863.
We, THOMAS MALLINSON, of the Firm "Fleming, Mallinson, and Com-
pany," Machine Makers, of Globe Works, in the City of Manchester, and
County of Lancaster,. and JOHN LIVINGSTON, of the same Place, Mechanic,
do declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN
THROSTLE SPINNING AND DOUBLING FRAMES, WHOLLY OR PARTLY APPLICABLE TO
ROVING AND SLUBBING FRAMES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention refers to machines for spinning and doubling of the
character of the "throstle frame," and also wholly or partly to roving and
slubbing frames, and its main object is an improved arrangement and con-
struction of parts with a view to a more perfect lubrication of the bearings
of the spindles of such machines, and our Invention consists in constructing
the footsteps for the spindles by a part which resembles a thimble in
form, or a tube closed at one end, which is made by preference of cast
iron, and in the hollow of this thimble part a piece of brass is inserted, so
that a cavity is left between two sides and the bottom of the brass, and the
interior sides and bottom of the thimble part. The brass has a hole drilled
through it for the foot of the spindle to pass through, which rests on the
bottom of the thimble part, which is secured in the spindle rail by a set
screw, same as the ordinary footstep. With this arrangement the lubricating
matter is filled into the cavity formed between the brass and interior of the
thimble part, and by the rotation of the foot of the spindle a constant circulation

page_text: of the lubricating matter is maintained as the oil passes from the bottom of
the cavity up the centre and descends to the bottom of the cavity down the
sides.
Our Invention further consists in making the moveable spindle rails with
a cavity in the upper side of the rail to give space around and above the collar
(which is screwed into the rail) for lubricating matter, and a washer or strip
of fibrous material, the "washer" or "strip" being provided with holes so as
to pass on to the spindle. The cavity in the rail is covered by a plate resting
on the rail, and having a hole for each spindle to pass through and upon this
plate the bobbins rest upon washers of flannel interposed between the
bobbins and the plate. The cover or plate is provided with holes at con-
venient places, through which oil may be introduced into the cavity in the
rail, so that the fibrous material is kept saturated with lubricating matter;
and as the fibrous material is slightly in contact with the spindles, the
bearings are constantly supplied with lubricating matter. The plate or cover
also prevents the grease from coming in contact with the washers of fibrous
materials under the bobbins.
AN IMPROVED DOUBLE MACCARTY GIN OR MACHINERY USED FOR CLEANING COTTON FROM ITS SEEDS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Claude Sosthène Grasset at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th August 1863.
I, CLAUDE SOSTHÈNE GRASSET, residing at Larnaca, Cyprus, in the Empire
of Turkey, attached to the French Phenissian Mission in Syria, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED DOUBLE MACCARTY
GIN OR MACHINERY USED FOR CLEANING COTTON FROM ITS SEEDS," to be as
follows:-
My improvements consist in putting the raw cotton as it is brought from
the fields into a double-faced hopper, having a left and right inclined bottom,
the ends of which are furnished with teeth as a rack for the free passage of
the teeth of under rotating racks or combs, which are actuated by the
machinery. The cotton brought in the hopper is caught and carried away
by the teeth of said rotating racks, and forced out of the hopper through
lower narrow apertures; it then falls upon inclined boards, the shaking
motion of which causes it to move forwards. To the end of said inclined
boards there are similar teeth, forming racks, whence the cotton is caught and
carried away by grooved leather cylinders, composed of round leather pieces
squeezed together on a same shaft. The leather cylinders rub against sharp
edged steel blades, which stop the seeds as the fibres are carried on by the
cylinders, when other vertical blades or cutters, actuated by swing levers, with
great velocity strike up the cotton as it is caught by the cylinders, thus sepa-
rating the seeds from the fibres. Motion is given to the whole arrangement
directly by the main shaft, which drives at once several double cotton gins,

page_text: each of them being actuated by a disc or wheel keyed on the main shaft and
carrying several rollers on each side, the said rollers, as the disc revolves,
bear upon the swing levers by turn left and right, and the said levers by means
of a beam and connecting rods, are raised up, and cause, the cutters to strike
bluntly upon the cotton, as aforesaid, to expel the seeds.
By the arrangement of my improved double cotton gin, few hands are
required to attend to the feeding, more work is produced, the fibres of the
cotton are not torn out, and the machines can be set up directly on the lower
floor, which gives them more stability than by the former system, where they
must be set up on upper stories to be driven from beneath.
In- PROVEMENTS IN COMBS POR COMBING WOOL BY MACHINERY
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Waddington, William
Waddington, and Thomas Waddington at the Office of the Commis-
sioners of Patonts, with their Petition, on the 16th May 1863.
We, RICHARD WADDINGTON, WILLIAM WADDINGTON, and THOMAS WAD-
DINGTON, all of Thornton Road, Bradford, in the County of York, Machine
Comb Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN COMBS POR COMBING WOOL BY MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the combs used in wool combing
machines known and distinguished as "Rawson's Machines," in which a
circular comb is employed. The object and intention of this Invention being
to dispense with the "backing" operation, or the necessity for combing wool
several times over, as practised in Rawson's machines aforesaid, and to enable
the combing to be accomplished effectually at one operation. We propose to
effect this by constructing the comb in the following manner :-We would here
remark that the modo practised, up to the present time, in constructing the
combs employed in Rawson's aforesaid machines is to make said combs, or
the back thereof in which the teeth of the comb are fixed, at most 13 inch in
width, by which wools could only be combed effectually, and that by combing
them over and over again, whereas by our Invention we so construct the
comb as to enable it to comb both short and long wools with one and the same
comb at one operation. The following is the construction of our improved
combs: We make the back of the comb three inches wide, more or less, and
wo set and fix the teeth of the comb therein in the following order and

page_text: manner, the two outermost rings of teeth we arrange and fix fifteen to the
inch, the third row of teeth we arrange eleven to the inch, and supposing, for
example, we have seven rows of teeth wo arrange the innermost row of teeth
six to the inch, and we vary each row between the third and seventh rows in
regularly progressive order, according to the size of the comb and the class of
wool to be combed. By these means we get rid of the backing operation at
present required when using combs as heretofore constructed and used in
Rawson's wool-combing machines aforesaid. It will be understood that the
extent to which the teeth of the combs are arranged and fixed in the back
will depend upon the class of wool to be combed, that is to say, for short wool
we require a fine comb, and for long wools a coarse comb.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OVERLAND AND OTHER PORTMANTEAUS
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Southgate, of Nos. 75 and 76, Watling
Street, in the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OVERLAND AND OTHER PORTMANTEAUS."
Sealed the 19th January 1864, and dated the 14th November 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Southgate at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
November 1863.
I, JOHN SOUTHGATE, of Nos. 75 and 76, Watling Street, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN OVERLAND AND OTHER PORTMANTEAUS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in overland and other
portmanteaus. For these purposes, in order to give greater strength to the
lid or cover of an overland or other portmanteau, a projecting, rectangular,
inner, additional metallic frame is fixed intermediate of the top and the bottom
edges of the four descending sides of the lid or cover, so that when the lid
or cover is shut or closed the interior additional frame above mentioned will
rest on the upper edges of the four sides of the lower part of the portmanteau
and such frame, and the lid or cover in which it is fixed will be supported
thereby, whilst those parts of the front and end sides of the lid or cover which

page_text: are below the interior additional frame will descend below and overlap the
upper parts of the front and end sides of the lower part of the portmanteau,
by which greater strength will be obtained, and portmanteaus so constructed
will be less liable to injury than at present.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Berry at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th April
1863.
I, GEORGE BERRY, of No. 19, Bultesland Street, Hoxton, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS," to be as follows:-
My Invention is for improvements in that description of lock in which a
number of sliding guards pass through notches in a locking plate, also having
notches in it.
In ordinary locks of this description these sliding guards move in grooves
by the direct action of a key or instrument, and there is no impediment to an
instrument or picklock being inserted in these grooves in such a manner that
an operator is able to detect in what part of each sliding guard the notch
belonging to that particular guard is placed.
My first improvement consists in cutting notches in the sliding guards at
right angles to the notches which have to pass the locking plate. I then place
an immovable mask or partition in each of the first-named notches, and these
masks or partitions consist of rings placed in a barrel, or a plain plate placed
in a box, when the motion intended to open the lock is lineal instead of
circular. The result of this arrangement is that the notches in the guards
cannot be got at by any instrument whatever, as they are placed in a line
parallel to the part acted upon by the key, but separated by masks or
partitions.

page_text: My second improvement consists in cutting the sliding guards into two
parts in such a manner that if force be applied to one part that force will be
communicated to the other, and both will move in the same direction. Those
parts through which force and motion are communicated to the other parts I
call media, the result is that no vibration of those parts, which indirectly
receive force and motion, is communicated to the key or any instrument
applied to open the lock, whereas in ordinary locks of this description
vibrations occur in the sliding guards, which distinctly convey to an expert
attempting to pick the lock the precise position of the notch where the
sliding guard is placed, and by repeating this operation upon cach guard he
will be enabled to make a key which will open the lock.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CLEANSING CHIMNEYS OR OTHER FLUES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
January 1863. A communication from abroad by Eutrope Malavergne,
of the Rue du Faubourg Saint Martin, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR CLEANSING CHIMNEYS OR OTHER FLUES," communicated to me
from abroad by Eutrope Malavergne, of the Rue du Faubourg Saint Martin,
Paris, France," to be as follows:-
This apparatus is composed of a given number of iron rods fitted at their
lower ends in a block of wood; these rods have small scrapers on their tops.
On the opening out of the assemblage of rods or wires (which is effected in
the chimney fanwise but circular) these scrapers perform their office on the
inside of the chimney. When not in action they are enclosed within four
pieces of wood surmounted by a hinged platform with wheels. By means
of a rod which slides in the supports of the platform, and to which supports
are attached four chains, the ends of which are united on the top of the said
rod, and a chain passing downwards from the bottom of the said rod, the
apparatus is opened out when required. The operation is thus:-The head of
the apparatus is gradually pushed up the chimney by means of rods fastened

page_text: to each other as the head ascends (closed), when it has attained a proper
height by means of levers and springs the rod is drawn downwards, and the
head opens, the scrapers taking their places all round the interior of the
chimney, and the cleansing is then effected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KNIFE-CLEANING APPARATUS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th February.
1863.
I, ALEXANDER CLARK, of Staines, in the County of Middlesex, Carpenter,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
KNIFE-CLEANING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
My improvements in knife-cleaning machines consist of a rectangular kind
of box, or it may be of other form, of a length rather more than the largest
knife blade to be cleaned, and a breadth of some four or five inches; inside
the bottom of the box I apply a surface of leather, or it may be in strips
across it, on which surface the side of the knife being cleaned lies, a slit
being formed in the end of the box at which the blade is introduced. Within
the outer case I fit another box to slide up and down freely; it is of much less.
depth than the outer case, and is pressed down on the leather surface by springs.
above abutting on and thrusting from the lid of the case. The face of the
inner box opposed to the leather surface before mentioned has also strips of
leather placed and fixed across it, and being pressed downwards exerts a pres-
sure on the knife blade placed between the leather surfaces, which will be.
quickly cleaned by a motion of thrusting in and withdrawing the blade being:
communicated to it by hand. In this way two knives may be cleaned.
simultaneously, one in each hand of the operator. Brickdust or other powder.
is introduced at a hole in the top of the case in the centre, which communicates.

page_text: with a small trunk or channel leading into the inner box, which may be more
or less filled with it, and which finds access to the cleaning surfaces through
holes in the bottom between the strips or surfaces of leather.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAIN HARROWS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Clay at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th March
1863.
I, CHARLES CLAY, of Walton Grange, Wakefield, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAIN
HARROWS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in chain harrows.
In constructing chain harrows, according to this Invention, each row of
links which passes transversely across the harrow is composed of alternate
links of cast iron or malleable cast iron, cast to the form required, and of
wrought-iron links, which connect together the links of malleable cast iron;
the cast links are made with holes, by preference oval shaped holes through
them on two opposite sides of the link, thus
and the wrought-
iron links pass through these holes; the wrought-iron links are, by preference,
formed with notches on their opposite sides, into which notches the cast links
fit. The wrought-iron links will thus always keep the cast-iron links at the
proper distance apart, so that each row of links will be kept properly extended.
The rows of links are connected together by the wrought-iron links of each
row being connected to the wrought-iron links of the next row, either by plain
links of wrought iron, or by links formed with holes through them on two
opposite sides, as above described. Each of the cast-iron links is made, by
preference, of the form above shewn, each link having two projecting spikes or

page_text: teeth upon it, but this may be varied; the material of which the links are
made may also be varied. The chain harrow is connected to its whippletree
by rods or chains passing from the whippletree to the wrought-iron links of
the front row of links of the harrow.
A NEW APPARATUS FOR MULTIPLYING INDEFINITELY THE REFLECTIONS OF ALL OBJECTS THAT ARE CAPABLE OF BEING VIEWED IN IT
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Boyle at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th January
1868.
I, THOMAS BOYLE, of Gray's Inn Terrace, Gray's Inn Lane, in the City of
London, Glass Silverer; do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW APPARATUS FOR MULTIPLYING INDEFINITELY THE REFLECTIONS OF ALL
OBJECTS THAT ARE CAPABLE OF BEING VIEWED IN IT," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists externally of a tapering wooden box narrow at the
bottom and wide at the top or mouth, or vice versa, formed by sides inclining
outwards or inwards as the case may be from the bottom at indefinite angles
according to circumstances. The circumstances on which the angles of the
sides depend are the curves of certain glasses to be fitted inside, and which
may vary according to the effect intended to be produced. The interior of
this frame is fitted with reflecting glasses varying in shape, and either flat
or curved, or more or less in number as the case may be, and which stand
towards each other at suitable angles for producing the various effects
intended.
The effect generally stated is that all objects viewed in this apparatus
appear multiplied more or less in proportion to the number and power of the
reflecting glasses used in its construction, and may be either enlarged or
diminished or distorted or presented in their natural forms according to the
curves and shapes of said glasses. A definite example of the arrangement
of curves and angles here alluded to is that of a convex reflecting bottom

page_text: glass curved to a diameter of about nine inches,. fitted with four reflecting
sides standing in relation thereto two at about five, and two at about ten
degrees of outward inclination. This gives the effect of many hundred
repetitions of reflections of any object that is capable of being viewed in it.
In front of the open top or mouth of the apparatus there is provided a suitable
holder removeable at pleasure, on which certain objects that require it are
placed to be viewed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING THE SURFACE OF THE IRON AND STEEL OF SHIPS AND ALL OTHER STRUCTURES, EXCEPT THAT OF CABLES, TANKS, AND BOILERS, WHILE IN CONTACT WITH WATER FROM DECAY, IN PREVENTING OR ABATING, AND IN FACILITATING THE REMOVAL OP FOULNESS OP SHIPS' BOTTOMS, AND IN GIVING A CAPACITY OF INCREASED SPEED TO SHIPS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John White at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on tho 25th March
1868.
I, JOHN WHITE, of Finchley, in the County of Middlesex, Surgeon, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING
THE SURFACE OF THE IRON AND STEEL OF SHIPS AND ALL OTHER STRUCTURES, EXCEPT
THAT OF CABLES, TANKS, AND BOILERS, WHILE IN CONTACT WITH WATER FROM
DECAY, IN PREVENTING OR ABATING, AND IN FACILITATING THE REMOVAL OP
FOULNESS OP SHIPS' BOTTOMS, AND IN GIVING A CAPACITY OF INCREASED SPEED TO
SHIPS," to be as follows:-
For protecting the surface of the iron and steel of ships' bottoms and other
structures, except that of cables, tanks, and boilers, while in contact with water
from decay, I fix on the surface of the iron or steel zinc or aluminium equal to
area of surface to at least one-sixteenth part of the area of surface of the iron or
steel by means of iron or steel screws, rivets, or nails, taking care that some of
the points of contact of the iron or steel and of the zinc or aluminium respec-
tively are clean when they are fixed together, and that they are fixed in close
contact; and for preventing or abating and for facilitating the removal of
foulness of ships' bottoms, and for giving a capacity of increased speed to ships,
I cover the surface of the ships' bottoms while dry, by means of a plasterer's
trowel or other implement, with a composition made by melting and mixing
together equal parts of fat and oil, or about equal parts of fat, oil, and white-
lead, or one part of fat, two of oil, and three of powdered quicklime, and from

page_text: time to time, when necessary, having scraped off the foulness (if any) from the
ships' bottoms, while dry or while afloat, I cover the ship's bottom, while dry or
while afloat, again with any one of the said compositions, using for that pur-
pose, when necessary, a diving apparatus, and rubbing on the composition with
the hand, and using a plasterer's trowel or other implement for spreading it.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josceline Courtenay at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
February 1863. A communication from abroad by Reginald Courtenay,
Bishop of Kingston, Jamaica, of Craigton, Kingston, Jamaica.
I, JOSCELINE COURTENAY, of No. 9, Down Street, Piccadilly, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in obtaining motive power,
and consists in the producing of motion by changing (increasing or diminish-
ing) the specific gravity of an elastic fluid, the change being effected by
revolving weights. As the best arrangement, I propose that an even number
of weights equal to one another, should be attached at equal distances from
each other to the circumference of a vertical wheel, not immediately but by
being placed at the ends of levers, of which the other extremities are jointed
to the circumference so as to play freely as on hinges. The play on the
hinges however is restricted by means of springs, which keep the levers more
or less nearly in the direction of radii from the centre of the wheel. If put in
motion by any external force the wheel would revolve more or less uniformly,
but with no more- tendency to stop than if the weights had been immoveably
attached to the circumference, and the springs will be alternately expanded
and contracted as the springs which are alternately expanded and contracted
by the motion of the wheel, I employ vessels containing air or other
clastic fluid. The specific gravity of the elastic fluid (say atmospheric air)
will thus be alternately increased and diminished by the action of the

page_text: weights or by the removal of that action and its operation in an opposite
direction. The condensation will be all on one side of the wheel, which
therefore will exceed the other side in specific gravity, and as the apparatus
when in use is immersed in a fluid (it may be air) this, the heavy side, will
descend whilst the light side will rise, thus creating the motive power I propose
to produce.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Marrison at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th June
1863.
I, ROBERT MARRISON, of Great Orford Street, Norwich, in the County of
Norfolk, Gun Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to an adaptation or combination of parts for
effecting the opening and closing of the breech end of a gun, and they are
adapted to double and single rifles, shot guns, and small ordnance.
The opening or closing of the breech is effected by a combined forward and
side motion. Towards the breech end of the barrel (or barrels of a double-
barrel gun) is formed or applied an axis or pivot which is received into and
turns in a socket formed for it eccentrically in a boss or circular piece which
is attached to a lever and is capable of turning in the false breech or body of
the gun. The breech end of the barrel is of a curved form, adapted to turn in
contact with the breech plate, which is of a corresponding form. These parts
are also inclined inwards or undercut. The breech plate has discs or circular
metal projections which enter the barrel when it is in a position for firing, in
order effectually to close the breech and hold the barrel correctly. The socket
in the boss or circular piece to the lever being formed eccentrically in that
boss, the effect of turning that boss by its lever is to release the breech end of
the barrel somewhat from the breech plate and disc or discs or metal projec-
tions. On the under side of the barrel or barrels is a pin projecting down-

page_text: wards, which works in a groove in the body of the gun. The boss or circular
piece is cut away in a curved form. When the circular piece is moved a
quarter circle, the pin projecting downwards is brought in contact with the
cut away part or catch of the boss or circular piece, and further movement of
the lever carries the barrel to a proper angle on one side, so that the cart-
ridge may be easily inserted. After loading, by turning the lever the reverse
way, the curve of the boss acts on the projecting pin and carries the barrel
into the line of fire, and then the eccentric pushes them home. By this double
movement the barrel is carried forward and aside by one action of the lever,
and in the backward movement of the lever the groove in which the projecting
pin works is gradually closed up by the curve of the boss, thus carrying the
barrel into the line of fire and then home. I do not, however, confine myself
to these precise details.
AN IMPROVED OIL, MORE ESPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MIXING PAINTS AND COLORS, AND NEW MODE OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Haseltine, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th June
1863. A communication from abroad by Adolph Millochau, of the City,
County, and State of New York, United States of America.
I, GEORGE HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," No. 12,
Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED OIL, MORE ESPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MIXING PAINTS AND COLORS, AND NEW
MODE OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME," a communication from abroad by Adolph
Millochau, of the City, County, and State of New York, United States
of America, to be as follows:-
The nature of said Invention consists in producing an oil adapted for use in
grinding and mixing paint and colors, and for other purposes, from the acid
residuum remaining after the purification of petroleum or coal, oil, or other
bituminous oils. The said oil is produced by freeing the residuum of its' acid
properties and impurities by a distillation, which leaves the oil of the con-
sistency and body of the residuum. This article has proved a "paint oil" equal
to linseed, as it possesses the required consistency, the properties of drying
rapidly, and of forming the pigments into a hard tough coating, while it may
be produced with very great facility and cheapness.
With a quantity of residuum, as it is obtained at the oil works, is mixed
from about forty to eighty per cent. of fresh or salt water, and the compound
agitated in any convenient manner for the purpose of washing out as much as

page_text: possible of the acids, and after the liquid has settled the watery portion con-
taining acid and impurities is drawn off. With the oily portion is mixed about
twenty or twenty-five per cent. of caustic soda or potash, or other alkali of a
specific gravity of twenty-five degrees Baumé. By agitating this mixture
for about an hour the remaining acid becomes neutralized through the action
of the alkali. When the liquid is again settled the supernatant oil is ready
Paint mixed with this oil covers well, and presents a glossy surface
similar to varnish. The quality of this oil. is improved by exposing the
materials during the operation to a moderate steam or other heat, or by
bleaching in open tanks. The drying properties, if found desirable, may be
increased by the addition of turpentine or other similar substance.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF RETARDING OR STOPPING RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Kerr at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th January
1863.
I, JOHN KERR, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Painter, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MEANS OF RETARDING OR STOPPING RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES," to be
as follows:-
My Invention relates to the retarding or stopping of carriages either on
railways or common roads by means of a self-acting break upon the wheels of
such carriages. The improvements consist in connecting the ordinary buffer
apparatus (consisting of buffers, rods, and draw springs,) with the levers
actuating the breaks, which may be effected by means of levers, links, or other
equivalent connections, so that when the speed of the engine is slackened the
concussion or pressure of the buffers of the carriages behind shall compress
the springs, transfer the impetus of the carriages to the breaks, and so stop the
carriages. This may also be applied to carts or carriages on common roads
by connecting the straps, poles, or shafts by which the animal of draught
retards the vehicle to breaks acting upon the wheels.
AN IMPROVED MECHANICAL LAMP
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lasslo Chandor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th May
1868.
I, LASSLO CHANDOR, of the City of New York, United States of America,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED MECHANICAL LAMP," to be as follows :-
My Invention of an improved mechanical lamp relates to a novel construc-
tion of lamp in which volatile hydrocarbons aro burned, and consists in sup-
plying air to the wick by mechanical means. To this end a fan or ventilator
is mounted in the interior of the lamp, and rotary motion is communicated
thereto by means of a strong spring and clockwork. The air enters the
interior of the lamp through a regulating damper adapted to the bore or other
convenient part of the lamp, and is impelled upwards towards the wick or
burner by the rotation of the fan or ventilator. The wick is surmounted by a
slotted cap, which forms a kind of air reservoir to hold and distribute the air
as it may be required. This reservoir communicates with an annular chamber,
into which the air passes from the fan or ventilator through a perforated plate,
in order to prevent the formation of an uneven draught. The liquid hydro-
enrbon is contained in another chamber which surrounds the air chamber, and
communicates by means of branch pipes with a central chamber into which
the wick dips. The upper portion of the wick extends above this chamber,
and the air in its passage from the fan impinges upon it and issues from the
slot in the conical cap or cover in combination with the vapour of the carbon.

page_text: Lamps of this construction do not require a chimney, but a moon or shade
may be employed to subdue or modify the intensity of the light. The clock-
work is wound up by a key as in moderator lamps, and a stop is adapted to some
convenient part of the clockwork, to prevent its action when the lamp is not
in use. If, therefore, the clockwork is wound up and the stop be applied, the
lamp will always be ready for use, and the mechanism may be set in motion
by simply withdrawing the stop and allowing the spring to act.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING SPLINTS FOR MATCHES AND FOR COLLECTING THE SAME
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Pace at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
August 1868.
I, EDMUND PACE, of the Firm of Tylor and Pace, of Queen Street,
in the City of London, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING SPLINTS FOR
MATCHES AND FOR COLLECTING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My machinery consists of a series of circular cutters placed on a shaft and
separated from each other by distance pieces placed between every two cutters
or otherwise, and of a bed composed of a gutta percha cylinder, or of several
discs of gutta percha pressed together upon an axis or shaft so as to form a
solid roller and made to revolve partly in water, whereby the surface of the bod
is kept cool.
My Invention also comprises a means of feeding the plates of wood to the
cutters and bed. The plates are piled up upon one another, and I feed in the
lowest plate in the pile by means of what I term a shovel formed at back with
a flange, and to which a reciprocating motion is imparted from the engine or
other power used to drive the cutters. At each stroke of the shovel a plate
is fed and the shovel returns to carry forward another plate, and so on. After
the splints are cut they are received upon an endless belt set at an incline
and at right angles to the line in which the splints issue from the cutters;
intermittent motion is communicated to the belt, and the splints are delivered
by it into a receiver.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN WATCHES, CONSISTING IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CYLINDRICAL DEAD BEAT INDEPENDENT CENTRE SECONDS' WATCHES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Marriott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd October
1863.
I, BENJAMIN MARRIOTT, of 38, Upper Street, Islington, in the County
of Middlesex, Watch Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN WATCHES, CONSISTING IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF CYLINDRICAL DEAD BEAT INDEPENDENT CENTRE SECONDS' WATCHES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention and improvement in watches relates to a unique construction
of a cylindrical dead beat independent centre seconds' watch, so called from
the extra centre seconds' hand being divided by a cylinder, thereby giving the
dead beat. The dead beat independent centre seconds' hand is brought to the
centre by making a passage through the centre pinion arbor, the lightest action
being given to it by a very fine pivot, which carries the centre seconds' hand,
consequently there is no loose action arising from any artificial motion work
as in ordinary seconds' watches, thereby the minute, centre seconds', and
ordinary seconds' hands are always in conjunction.
This Invention is made from the ordinary three-quarter plate movement
with two additional wheels, which are seen on the upper plate receiving their
impetus from the second power, viz., the centre wheel, the one power and one
winding from fusee and barrel suffices to work both with ample force, these
two additional wheels being so affixed that by a touch of the side push piece
attached to the stop work it becomes detached from the going department,

page_text: niether adding to nor diminishing the force thereon, I have no extra or artificial
motion work or any duplicate fourth wheel, but the whole train of wheels are
precisely as in all three-quarter plate watches and in the same position. This
instrument has the smallest amount of friction and the least work of any
independent seconds' watch yet offered. I take all the force required from the
second power, viz., the centre wheel. I introduce two additional wheels, one
of which divides itself upon a cylinder, thereby causing the dead beat.