IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINED COMPOSING DISTRIBUTING AND JUSTIFYING MACHINES
Year: 1885

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I, PETER JENSEN, Fel. Inst. P.A of 33 Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex do hereby declare the nature of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
COMBINED COMPOSING DISTRIBUTING AND JUSTIFYING MACHINES" a communication
to me from abroad by Alexander Lagerman of Jönköping Sweden Engineer and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
In order that this invention may be fully understood I shall first describe it
shortly or generally with reference to Figure 18 on sheet 1 which Figure is a
perspective view of the whole machine.
This machine consists of a frame A supported by two standards or feet B. This
frame A is at top and bottom provided with slots or grooves in which the type
gutters C are attached. By means of two treadles B¹ and B2 the spindle of the
flywheel 1 can be put in a rotary motion. By means of an endless cord or gut and
groove pulley the flywheel spindle actuates the smaller grooved pulley which
serves to drive the distributing mechanism. A similar groove pulley situate lower
down but not visible on the drawing drives the composing mechanism. a¹ is the
gutter part of a distributing mechanism movable backwards and forwards with the
hand, for distributing the types in the gutters C of the machine.
E is a bar with grooves in the upper edge in which three finger stalls described
more especially with reference to figure 24 fixed to the distributing mechanism and
movable up and down may one at a time be depressed down into a groove and
thus give it the required momentarily stable and and determined position to the
mechanism. The distance between these grooves is twice as great as that between
the type gutters and the mutual distance between the stalls is such that when the
first stall is pushed down in a groove, the type gutter a¹ of the distributing
mechanism stops at one of the stationary gutters C of the machine; when the
second stall is pressed down in the same groove the gutter a¹ of the distributing
mechanism stops at another of the stationary grooves C and when the third stall
.;

page_text: is pressed down in the second groove the type gutter a¹ stops at still another of the
gutters C of the machine. The same groove serves consequently for three different
gutters, the letters of which are indicated one beneath the other on the har E'.
When the left hand finger stall is depressed into a groove on the edge of the bar E'
the groove a¹ will be brought over that gutter C which holds type corresponding 5
to the uppermost letter indicated on the bar E¹ under the said groove; the middle
stall corresponds to the middle letter and the right hand stall to the bottom letter.
Moreover the grooves are divided into groups of three, in order that the operator
may easily and rapidly find the right one. The distance between the finger stalls
and the type gutters is short being determined by the length of the bar X, in order 1
that the distributor may conveniently read the line when distributing.
.m is the gutter of the composing mechanism similar to the preceding one with
finger stalls for taking the types out of the gutters C of the machine and composing
them to a line On this mechanism the distance between the finger stalls and the
type gutters is great being determined by the length of the bar Y in order that the 1
composer may conveniently catch the types in the gutters which are in front of
the distributor.
E is a bar with grooves of the same nature as those of E¹.
2 is the column to be distributed.
G is the galley, in which the composed lines are collected to a new Column.
3 is a little type case for those types which occur so rarely, that they do not
require being placed in any particular gutters. The shaft of the flywheel pulley 1
or of a shaft driven thereby is at the end provided with ratchet teeth, between
which a pawl can fall in and thus be caused to make a single revolution. This
motion acts upon a crank, which pushes the plate f³ downwards; this plate is
followed by the gutter a¹ of the distributing mechanism the lower end of which
pushes down the types in one of the stationary gutters C of the machine; while
stopping a moment in this position a hook fixed to the distributing mechanism is
brought sideways whereby the undermost type will be pushed cross-ways out of tho
distributing mechanism and into one of the gutters C of the machine A little
slide with a spring pushes down the types into the line.
The mechanism for composing works precisely in the same manner. In causing
a pawl to fall in between the teeth on a constantly revolving shaft a crank is
caused to make a revolution which motion partly raises the plate q with the type
gutter of the composing mechanism and partly moves another plate, which pushes
a finger fixed to the type gutter sideways, whereby a type will be crossways
pushed out of the machine gutter C and into the line. A little slide with a spring
retains the line during this operation.
Small pieces which by means of friction adhere slightly to the gutters C
support the distributed types in their topmost ends and small weights xpress
down the types into the lower ends. When there begins to be want of type for
composing, the distributed types are pressed down by means of the little weights ac¹
whereupon the friction piece x is removed and thus all the types in one gutter Û
get together after which the friction piece x is put in at the top of the gutter and
then the distribution may recommence. If the distribution is wanted to be
performed without any simultaneous composing taking place, a great quantity of
type is by means of a pair of suitable pincers 13 taken out of a gutter and put into
the magazine gutter, from which they are by means of the pincers replaced into
the machine gutters while composing.
6 is a little lever actuated by the treadle rod 7 and by means of the pawl S
driving the wheel 9 which by means of the crank and connecting rod 10 brings a
kind of pincer 11 which retains the composed line while justifying up and down.
12 is a rod provided with a roller which by means of a plane on the wheel 9
pushes the line out of the pincers 11 into the galley G.
The automatic justifying of the line to a determined length is effected thus, that
the compositor while composing inserts two thirds of an m-quadrat at a time

page_text: between the words and composes the line either to its exact length, if this be
possible, or else a little too long. The justification is then effected thus that the
line pinched between the pincers 11 is pushed upwards while a quoin gliding along
the side of the composed line, getting into the interspace between two words.
A mechanism then caused to work pushes out the topmost third and thus the
length of the line is reduced by a third of an m-quadrat; this operation is con-
tinued in the same manner until the line has obtained nearly its exact length, but
then it may occur that the line would be a little too short, if it were to be
diminished with a third of an m-quadrat; in such an event the mechanism
substitutes 1/6th m-quadrat in the place of the 1/3rd pushed out. The line is thus
reduced only with the difference between 1/rd and 1/th say 1/12th in-quadrat.
When this is effected with the topmost third the same operation is continued also
with the subsequent one. The interspace between the words will then be equal to
m-quadrat. When the line has thus obtained precisely its exact length, its
pushing upwards is continued without any further substitution of justifiers, until
the line arrives in front of the galley G when it by means of the rod 12 is pushed
into the latter, when the pincers 11 return to their lowest position, where they
remain until a new composed line will be pushed between them.
When the column has the width of a common book page, the third can almost
always be substituted by a quarter of an m-quadrat. The variations of the inter-
spaces will then only be the difference between 2/3rds and of an m-quadrat
whereby the column obtains a nicer appearance, than if the width of the interspaces
were to vary from 2/3rds to 1/3rd of an m-quadrat.
The machine is worked in the following manner :—
The distributor stands to the left of the compositor, who sits and works the
treadles alternately with the latter, if there is no machine power at hand. By
means of pincers 13 the distributor takes a line out of the column 2 and places it
into the type gutter a¹ of the distributing mechanism. Then he puts three fingers
of the right hand into the finger stalls, presses quite lightly the right stall into the
groove on the bar E' indicating the letter he wants to distribute.
The distributing mechanism then not only obtains its required position but the
finger stall presses at the same time against a movable bar situate inside of the
bar E. The former one effects that it pawl falls in between its corresponding
teeth, whereby the undermost type in the distributing machine will be distributed.
The composing mechanism is worked in the same manner. By pressing down a
finger stall in any of the grooves on the bar E the removing of a type from a
stationary gutter C into the line of the composing mechanism is effected. When
this line has obtained its exact length or somewhat more the composing mechanism
is pushed to the right; the retaining spring then throws the line up into the
pincer 11, which then immediately begins to ascend for justifying the line, and the
compositor begins simultaneously to compose the next line.
I shall next proceed first to describe in detail the distributing and composing
mechanisms of the machine.
Figure 1, Sheet 2, is a front view of the whole composing and distributing
machine.
Figure 2 is a left hand side view of the same.
Figure 3 is the machine in cross section on line A B Figure 4 viewed from the
left side.
Figure 4 is a back view of the machine.
Figure 5 Sheet 3 is a sectional left hand side view on C D Figure 4 Sheet 2
showing the moving mechanism of the distributor to a larger scale.
Figure 6 Sheet 4 is a back view of the same mechanism.
Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 Sheet 3 and 12 Sheet 4 are details of the same.
Figure 13 Sheet 4 detail in section on line E F (Figure 14).
Figure 14 detail in section on line G H Figure 13.

page_text: Figure 15 sheet 3 is a left hand side view of the moving composing mechanism
in section on line C D (Figure 4).
Figure 16 Sheet 4 is a back view of the same mechanism.
Figures 17, 18, 19 Sheet 3, 20 and 21 Sheet 4 are details of the same.
Figure 22 Sheet 4 is detail in section on line T K (Figure 23).
Figure 23 sheet 4 detail in section on line L M (Figure 22).
Figure 24 Sheet 5 is a part sectional back view of the distributing mechanism
and
Figure 25 is a plan of the same.
Figure 26 Sheet 5 is cross section on line NO (Figure 24).
Figure 27 is a cross section at P Q (Figure 24).
Figures 28, 29, 30, 31 and 32 Sheet 5 are details of the same.
Figure 33 sheet 5 is a front view of the composing mechanism and
Figure 34 is a plan of the same.
Figure 35 Sheet 5 the same in cross section on line R S (Figure 33).
Figure 36 the same in cross section on line T U (Figure 34).
Figures 37, 38, 39, 40 and 41 Sheet 5 are details of the same.
Figures 42, 43 and 44 sheet 6 show in section in full size the mode in which the
distributing mechanism places types in the gutters of the machine and
Figures 45, 46 and 47 shew the mode in which the composing mechanism seizes
the types from the gutters of the machine.
The same letters of reference refer to all the Figures.
The machine is composed of the frame A (Figures 1ª, 1, 2, 3, and 4 Sheets 1
and 2) supported by the standards or legs B. In the top and bottom pieces of
this frame are slots, wherein the type gutters C are fixed.
At. the top of those type gutters the distributing mechanism (Figures 24 to 27
sheet 5) is guided in the right end by a piece as which can be moved forwards and
backwards in a slot A (Figure 27) in the top border of the frame A* and by the
angular plate f (Figures 5 and 26) across the front of the machine. At the left
end or side the mechanism is guided by a sheet socket a³ (Figures 1, 3, 4, 32 :
and 24) which partly encompasses and partly enters into the bar E¹. The
distributing mechanism has 3 arms b¹³ with finger stalls or sockets c¹, c² and c³
suitable for passing three of the fingers of the right hand into. The bar E¹
(Figure 1 Sheet 2) has recesses in which the above sockets can fall in one at a
time and thus give the distributing mechanism a tolerably correct and steady
position. The plate f³ (Figures 5 sheet 3 and 26 Sheet 5 fixed to the square
shaft f going across the whole machine (Figures 3 and 4) may together with the
shaft be turned a little, with the shaft as the centre, and can thus cause the right
end of the distributing mechanism to ascend and to descend; this mechanism
having a gutter a¹ a² Figures 26, 27 Sheet 5 for the type line to be distributed.
This gutter is articulated at a³ (Figures 43 sheet 5 and 26 27, 28 and 29 sheet 4)
whereby its lower part a³ may oscillate to the left and to the right. This oscillating
part has a gate a (Figures 42, 43, 44 sheet 6 and 26, 27 and 30 Sheet 5), which
encounters heels a* (Figures 26 and 27) provided for the purpose on the top border
of the frame A when the distributing mechanism is pulled down. The gate a
stops and opens thereby exactly as much as required in order that a type of the
thickness which the stationary gutter C is intended for, may get out of the
gutter a¹ a of the distributing mechanism (Figure 42).
When the gutter a² is depressed as shown in Figures 24 Sheet 5 and 42 Sheet 6,
the plate fa Figures 26 and 27 Sheet 5 pulls down the fork d¹ of the lever d
whereby the lower end a³ of the gutter of the distributing mechanism occupies the
position shown in Figure 43 Sheet 6. The undermost type in the distributing
gutter a having then been pushed out by the upper end of the stationary
gutter C places itself upon the types which have preceded it as shown in Figure 43.
When another type is to be distributed into the same stationary gutter C the
bottom ledge a³ (Figures 42 and 44) depresses the types being therein and thus

page_text: makes way for the new type. While the distributing mechanism is brought
forward and back, the gutter a¹ a occupies the position shown by Figure 44.
A little slide e (Figure 24 Sheet 5) driven by the arm e' by means of the spring e³
depresses the line in the distributing mechanism as required.
In order to turn the shafts ƒ and f¹ (Figure 5 Sheet 3) and to impart to the
plates f and f³ a depressing motion, those shafts have arms f' and fo with slots,
wherein the rollers g run. When the crank g¹ (Figure 6 Sheet 4) on which the
rollers are mounted makes a revolution both the plates f' and f³ (Figure 5
Sheet 2) are brought downwards, the uppermost f³ stops first and presses the
distributing mechanism Figure 24 hard and steadily against the top border of the
frame A and keeps it at rest for a moment, while the lower plate f³ continues its
depressing motion and effects thus the above mentioned pushing out of the
undermost type of the distributing gutter. The sockets c¹ c³ and c³ cannot give the
distributing mechanism a sufficiently correct and steady position, wherefore it has
a wedge a (Figures 24 and 26), which enters in slots A' behind the gutters and
ensures a steady position.
The shaft (Figure 6 Sheet 4) is put in rotation by means of 2 treadles B¹
and B (Figures 3 and 4). By means of a cord or gut passing round the pulleys h¹
and Figures 3, 4 and 6 and 16 the shaft i being revolved more rapidly than the
shaft h. The shaft i for driving the crank shaft g2 Figure 6 is connectable
therewith by a clutch as follows the crank shaft gå has a socket g³ with a catch or
pawl g (Figures 13 and 14) and the shaft i is at its end provided with teeth,
wherein the pawl g* can enter (Figures 10, 11, Sheet 3, 13, and 14 Sheet 4). The
pawl is pressed against the teeth by a spring, but is prevented from falling in the
same through the two armed lever k (Figure 10 Sheet 3).
A plate Figure 5 is situated behind the bar E¹ (Figure 24) suspended on two
arms mounted on a rotable shaft 2; on this shaft is fixed an arm l³ with a con-
necting rod which communicates motion to the two armed lever k (Figure 10)
When this lever is pushed away, the pawl o falls into the teeth 1º and thus puts
the crank g (Figures 6 and 14) in motion. In order that this motion may not
continue more than one revolution the fixed rail ³ (Figure 10) drives the pawl g
out of the teeth and during the motion the rod is pushed upwards so that it
releases the lever whereby the latter by means of a spring occupies its former.
position and after the completion of the revolution keeps the pawl g' out of the
teeth.
In order that the crank may stop in a determined position, there is a brake k¹,
fixed on the same shaft as the lever k, see Figure 5. At the same moment as the
arm f¹ turns over the centre, it is stopped by this brake (Figure 5) and thereby
prevents the continuation of the motion. The brake and the double armed lever k
Figure 10 are pushed away at the same time, whereby the crank g¹ is both
disconnected and put into motion.
At the lower end of the gutters of the machine the composing mechanism
(Figure 33 Sheet 4) may be moved forwards and backwards. This mechanisın has
a gutter m for the line to be composed. At the left end the composing mechanism
guided by a piece m³ running in a slot A³ (Figure 35 Sheet 5) underneath the
frame A and by the bent plate q¹ (Figure 15 Sheet 3) passing along the machine;
at the right end the mechanism is guided by a sheet socket m³ which partly
encompasses and enters into a slot in the bar E (Figures 1 and 39 Sheets 2 and 5).
The composing mechanism is constructed like the distributing mechanism and has
three arms n¹ n² and n³ Figure 33 with sockets o², 03, 03, suitable for passing three
of the fingers of the right hand into and the bar E' has like the bar E' (Figure 1)
recesses for the same purpose as those of the distributing mechanism.
The plate q (Figure 15 Sheet 3) can move up and down and can thus raise or
lower the left end of the composing mechanism (Figures 35 to 40 Sheet 5), the
gutter m which is like that of the distributing mechanism, articulated at m
whereby its upper part by means of the arm m³ with its fork m², in which the
plate qỉ runs can oscillate to the left and to the right (Figures 45 and 46).

page_text: A little slide p (Figure 33 Sheet 5) driven by the arm pl by means of the
spring 2 retains the line while being composed. For the motion of the composing
mechanism there are rocking shafts q³ and q* (Figure 15) with their plates q and q¹
and arms q and q, in the slots of which the rollers 7 run all in conformity with
the distributing mechanism. When the crank r¹ (Figure 22 Sheet 4) on which the
rollers are mounted makes a revolution the plate q (Figure 15 Sheet 3) pushes
first the gutter m (see Figures 45, 46 and 47 Sheet 6) of the composing mechanism
upwards, while the plate q¹ is at rest and retains the fork m² whereby the gate m³
obtains the position shown in Figure 45. The plate q stops then and presses the
movable gutter steadily against the lower border of the frame A* and keeps it at
rest for a moment, while the plate q' is brought upwards and gives the hook m³
the position shown by Figure 46 whereby a type pushed obliquely (cross-ways)
out of one of the stationary gutters and into that of the composing mechanism.
Both the plates q and q¹ are brought downwards and by means of the gate m
(Figure 47 Sheet 5) the pushed out type is taken down.
The types of the stationary gutter sink until the hook C¹ prevents them (see
Figure 48 sheet 6).
The parts m³ and m of the composing mechanism always ascend equally high,
but the hooks C¹ at the lower end of the type gutters are placed unequally high, in
proportion to the thickness of the types whereby the hook m³ exactly seizes only
one type, (see Figure 45).
Referring to Figure 47 Sheet 6 the composing mechanism has a wedge m³ in
conformity with that for the wedge as Figure 26 Sheet 5 of the distributing
mechanism and for the same purpose.
The shaft 8 (Figure 16 sheet 4) is by means of a cord put into rotation by the
same treadle mechanism as that above mentioned for the distributing mechanism
and the mechanism for throwing into gear, is of the same nature as that for the
distribution.
:
When any one of the sockets o¹, o² or o³ (Figure 33 Sheet 5) pulls down the
plate t (Figure 15 Sheet 3) the shaft t¹ turns, the connecting rod t then pushes
away the arm u² (Figure 19 Sheet 3) fixed on the same shaft as the arm u¹; the
pawl can thus fall in the teeth 86 (Figure 19). At the same time the arm u³
(Figure 15 sheet 3) fixed on the same shaft as ul, is pushed away, so that the
*arm q³ is not prevented from moving downwards in the direction of the arrow,
whereby the composing mechanism by means of the plate q is raised. In order
that the motion may not continue more than one revolution, the stationary
bracket u with inclined plane drives the pawl r³ out of the teeth 86 and in order
that the pawl may not gear again, it is retained in its position by the arm u¹
which has retaken its position during the motion, whereby the bar t* is pushed
upwards and releases the lever u².
b
A spring presses the levers u¹, u² and u³, mounted on the same shaft, inwards,
whereby the hook u³ stops the armi q³, when it has turned over the centre.
Referring to Figures 33 to 41 Sheet 5 and Figures 45 to 47 Sheet 6 the com-
posing mechanism is worked in the following manner the forefinger is passed into
the socket o¹, the middle finger into o² and the ring finger into o³; it can then
easily and rapidly be brought to and fro beneath the gutters of the machine.
If then the forefinger pulls down its socket in one of the recesses of the bar Es
(Figure 1) the plate t (Figure 15 Sheet 3) is encountered and causes, as above said,
the seizing mechanism to work one revolution and to seize a type in a certain
gutter; if then the middle finger pulls down its socket in the same recess, a type
in the next gutter is seized, and in the same manner if the socket of the ring finger
is pulled the next gutter to that is pulled down. Thus a recess in the bar E³ may
. be used for 3 gutters and consequently the distance between the recesses is three
times as great as between the gutters, whereby the fingers more easily find out the
right recess, than if they were placed as near as the gutters.
The plate t in the composing mechanism corresponds to the plate in the
distributing machine and acts in the same manner (see Figures 5 and 15 sheet 3).

page_text: Composing and distributing may be carried on simultaneously by the machine
in such a manner that the distributing workman stands at the left and the
compositor sits to the right, each working a treadle, simultaneously or alternately.
The distance between the gutter of the composing mechanism and the finger
Bockets is so great that the distributor does not hinder the compositor. A bar v
(Figure 33 Sheet 5) conducted by the arm p³ shows the compositor when the line
has attained its exact length.
At Ax (Figure 1) there is a place for the manuscript and at A2 for the page to
be distributed.
In distributing metal pieces x (Figures 1ª and 3 Sheets 1 and 2) are pulled down
which by friction in the gutter makes sufficient resistance for supporting the types.
Weights x push the types in the bottom part of the gutter during the composing.
In order to transfer the types from the top to the lower part of the gutter, the
weights are brought to the top of the gutter, the types are pushed down by
the same, the friction pieces x are taken away so that the types in the top of the
gutter may join those in the bottom and the friction pieces x are inserted in the
upper part of the gutter.
The Figures 48 to 61 sheets 6 and 7 represent the justifying mechanism. This is
placed at the right side of the machine. When a line has been composed in the
gutter of the composing machine, it is transferred to the justifying mechanism, which
then automatically justifies the line, that is, by exchanging or taking away some
of the justifiers, it gives it its exact length. While this takes place the mechanism
pushes the line upwards, so that, when ready, it arrives opposite the galley G.
The operator of the composing machine transfers, then, by means of a simple
manipulation, the justified line into the galley and pulls down the slide H' shown
in Figures 49 Sheet 6 and 53 to 56 Sheet 7, (the part where the line was) after
which the justifying mechanism is ready to receive a new line.
Figure 48 Sheet represents a front view of the justifying mechanism with
some type gutters and part of the composing mechanism.
Figure 49 also represents a front view of the justifying mechanism.
Figures 50 and 51 are details of the same in front view.
Figures 52, 53, 54 and 55 Sheet 7 are details in plan of the same, Figure 52 in
section at NO of Figure 58. Figure 53 in section at P Q of Figure 56, Figure 54
in section at RS in Figure 56, Figure 55 a plan of the slide H¹ and parts
connected therewith.
Figure 56 is a right hand side view of the dovetail bar with slide and pincers
for retaining the line.
•
Figure 57 is a detail partly in cross section of parts shown in plan at Figure 53.
Figure 58 represents arms viewed from the same side as Figure 56.
Figures 59, 60, and 61 are detail views of Figure 48 and show the exchange of
the justifyers.
Referring to Figure 48 Sheet 6 the justifying mechanism is mounted on a
framing or backing V see also Figure 49 Sheet 6 and in section at Figures 53
and 58 Sheet 7 and has a gutter in which the composed line may be pushed
upwards until it arrives opposite the galley G where it stops and in which the
lines are collected into a page. His a dovetailed shaped bar which in future I will
call the bar H on which the slide H¹ can move up and down as shown in
Figures 53 to 56. The bar can oscillate a little about the points H² see Figures 49
and 56 the slide H¹ has a lever H³ inovable up and down in a kind of fork at the
top and at the bottom is connected to the lever H by a pin He provided with an
arm H which by means of an adjusting screw and slot may be adjusted according
to the width of the page The slide H₁ has a fixed arm H³ see Figures 49 and 56
corresponding to the movable arm H' and is counterbalanced by a cord passing
over a pulley not shown on the drawings, so that it will not slide down when the
pawl I hereafter mentioned descends.
In order to bring the movable arm H³ up and down there is a little arm H® with
socket pivotting round the pin H? (See Figures 49 and 56 Sheets 6 and 7). From

page_text: the same socket proceeds another arm H³ with a hole to pass a finger into and
a projection H. By the arm H of the movable arm a pair of pincers is formed
which by means of a helical spring round the pin H7 pinches together the type line
situated in the pincers. The compositor can by means of the arm H³ open the
pincers which thus drop the line and allow it to remain in the galley when the
bar H is swung back to the left. For holding the slide H¹ in position when it is
pushed up it is provided with ratchet teeth Ho See Figure 49 Sheet 6 with which
the pawl I engages which pawl receives its motion from a small arm I* Fig. 49
mounted loosely on the end of the shaft L Figures 49 and 58, a screw fixed in the
end of the shaft and passing through an oblong hole in the aforesaid small arm
pushes the latter to the left so that the pawl is pulled downwards but the arm is
not brought upwards by the screw but by the spring I.
Referring to Figures 48 49, 55, 56 59, 60 and 61, K is a gutter for receiving the
thirds of an m-quadrat which by means of the bent gutter K' which conducts
the justifiers crossways receives the justifier pushed out of the line. K' is a gutter
for the justifier to be inserted between the words in lieu of that pushed away.
His a plate attached to the same shaft as the bar H. When the bar with the
slide and its type pincers oscillates to the right, the plate H¹ Figures 48; 49, 55,
and 56 follows and pushes the justified line into the galley G pushing off the other
lines.
Referring to Figures 53, 57 and 58, L is a shaft with a fixed arm L³, which
by means of the connecting rod L is put in motion by the crank pin on the
wheel-h Figure 16 Sheet 4. Fixed to the same shaft is the arm L¹ with its
pawl L³. Loose on the same shaft are the arms M and N. The arm M which by
means of a spring is pulled to the left see Figure 49 has a rod M' the point M³ of
which can penetrate above the justifiers between the words and stop the ascending
of the line.
Referring to Figures 49, 50, 51 and 57 and 58 the arm N has a notch, into
which the pawl L³ can catch, if it is permitted to fall into it. If the point M² has
not penetrated between any words in the line the heel L' on the pawl L³ (Figure 57
Sheet 7) is encountered by the heel M. The pawl is thus raised and prevented
from falling into the notch N2 (See Figure 48 sheet 6) but if the point M' has
penetrated between a couple of words, then the heel M does not encounter the
heel L' shown in section at Figure 57 Sheet 7 whereby the pawl, kept inwards by
a spring, catches the notch N2 and thus carries the arm N along with it during its
moving to the right. The arm N has a pivot, on which the bent piece N³ is
mounted see Figures 48 and 54 Sheets 6 and 7; this piece has a wedge N₁, see
Figures 59 60 and 61 which can push away one of the thirds (of justifiers) placed
between the words. The wedge N has also a heel N³ which can carry along a
quarter of an m-quadrat from the gutter K2 and push it between the words in
lieu of the third part of an m-quadrat pushed away and at the same time it
pushes the arm M to the right. When the wedge N returns the quarter is
prevented from returning by a hook, not visible on the drawing. O is a little
frame (see Figures 48 Sheet 6 and 54, 55, and 56 Sheet 7) movable round the
centres 0; this frame has a tongue 06 (See Figures 59, 60 and 61 Sheet 7) passing
close upon the wedge N; if this tongue accompanies the motion of the wedge
inwards to the line; it prevents the quarters from falling down in front of the
heel N. The third is then pushed away without being replaced by any quarter.
But if the tongue 06 does not accompany the motion of the wedge inwards to the
line, the quarter can fall down in front of the heel N³ and consequently be inserted
between the words instead of the third pushed away. P Figures 48, 52, 54, 58,
59, 60 and 61 is a hook which pushes away the thirds in the gutter K, whereby
a new third can be pushed down. A strong spring, not visible on the drawing,
pushes the arm N to the left which for a time also depress the hook P which
however afterwards ascends by means of an inclined plane not visible on the
drawings in order at the next motion to the right to encounter the last third
pushed into the gutter K and a feeble spring not visible on the drawing, pushed

page_text: the frame O to the right (See Figures 48, 52, 53, 54 and 58 Sheet 7). When the
hook HP on the arm H8 moves inwards Figure 54 it prevents the frame O from
moving to the right by partly encountering the plate O and partly the ledge 0
See Figures 48 Sheet 6 and 54 and 56 Sheet 7. When the composed line is much
too long the arm H³ Figure 56 is kept a good deal outwards and the hook H
cannot consequently encounter the plate O¹ and cannot prevent the frame O from
moving to the right and thus no quarter can be taken out of the gutter K³. But
if the line is only a little too long the arm H³ is not kept so much outwards and
the hook H can consequently encounter the plate O' (See Figure 54 sheet 7) and
thus prevent the frame O from moving to the right, whereby a quarter will be
taken out of the gutter K².
The frame O has a bent lever Os with a movable hook O' (Figure 53), which
can stop the rod M¹ and prevent it from moving to the left and with its point
penetrating between the words in line.
When the line almost approaches its exact length the hook H (Figure 54
Sheet 7) swings in so deeply that it encounters the border 0%; a quarter will even
then be taken out of the gutter, but at the same time the hook O' stops the rod M¹
and consequently the line can be pushed upwards without any further exchange of
the justifiers taking place.
1
At the composition two thirds are placed between each word. If the topmost
third is pushed away without being substituted by any quarter, the line is
advanced to the opening between the next word; but if a quarter is inserted, the
line will not be advanced to the opening between the next word, but the second
third will also be pushed away and substituted by a quarter, whereby two quarters
come abreast, in lieu of two thirds. This is effected thus, that the rod M' has a
thin finger Mo, which can enter into either of the slots Q¹ or Q (see Figures 49,
50 and 51 sheet 6). When the finger is in the upper slot, the point M² (Figures
49, 50 and 51 sheet 6 and Figure 53 sheet 7) keeps the line so much downwards,
that the topmost of the two thirds placed between the words may be pushed away
by the wedge N' (see Figures 59 60 and 61 sheet 7,) but when the finger M³ is in
the undermost slot Q1, (referring to Figures 49, 50 and 51 sheet 6) the point M*
permits the line to move upwards so much, that the wedge N' can push away the
undermost third. This alternation is effected thus, that, when the finger M³ is, for
instance, in the lower slot Q as shown by Figures 49 and 51 sheet 6 and the
rod M¹ is during the motion pushed to the right, the tongue Me will pass below the
inclined plane R, as shown by Figure 50. The spring M7 is thus bent and pushes
the rod M¹ upwards, whereby the finger M³ at the motion to the left will enter the
upper slot Q. At the next motion to the right, the contrary action takes place.
But if the inclined plane R is retired, the tongue M6 cannot be brought upwards,
even if the finger M³ is in the upper slot, but is then always brought downwards
whereby the finger M is always pushed into the upper slot and consequently only
the topmost one, of the two thirds is pushed away. This retiring of the inclined
plane R is effected by the arm 0³, which swings off, when the frame O gets so far
to the right, that a quarter is prevented from being inserted between the words
(see Figure 54). Therefore when the upper third is removed without a quarter
being substituted the removal of the undermost third is also rendered impossible
(see Figures 48 sheet 6 and 58 sheet 7).
The justifying mechanism works in the following manner:-\
-When a line has
been composed to about its usual length or somewhat too long by means of
the composing mechanism, this is brought farthest to the right. The inclined
plane S (Figure 48) then depresses the arm m12 which opeus the hook m*. The
slide H¹ is then pulled down. The hook m¹ (Figure 48) is then passed downwards
by the plane S; the book m' which is thereby opened presses the arm H³ into the
opening F (see Figures 45, 46, 47, 48 and 49 sheet 6 and 53 sheet 7). The line
will then pass not only m* but H³ whereby the spring retaining the line while
being composed can instantly push it into the gutter F and the advancing of the
slide H¹ upwards can commence whilst a new line is being composed, after which

page_text: the slide His pushed to the right, the pincers open, so that it drops the line into,
When the com-
the galley, the slide is then swung to the left and pulled down.
pasing mechanism is brought to the left the arm H5 returns into the gutter F and
the ascending of the line for being justified may recommence.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim as
the invention communicated to me is
First The combination of parts forming the machine for distributing and
composing simultaneously typographic characters, so disposed, that the person
managing the distribution may work beside the person who is managing the
composition, thereby that the movable catching mechanism for the composition is
so long, being determined by the length of the bar Y, that it can catch the types in
the gutters of the machine in front of the person managing the distribution, the
movable catching mechanism of which on the contrary is short, being determined
by the length of the bar X so that the distributor can conveniently read the line in
the gutter of same all substantially as described.
Second-In a type distributing machine to employ a mechanism for distributing
the types from a line into the stationary gutters C of the machine of such a nature,
that it is brought to and fro above the gutters C of the machine by the right hand,
thereby that three of the fingers of the hand are pushed into sockets c¹, c³, c³, which
are movable up and down, substantially as described.
Third-In a type distributing machine, to employ a mechanism for the dis-
tribution of the types of such a nature, that the part of the mechanism having a
gutter a¹, a for the line to be distributed which gutter is raised when the
mechanism is brought to and fro, drops in order to push down the types into some
of the stationary gutters C of the machine substantially as described.
Fourth After the gutter a¹, a, mentioned in the preceding clain, has been
pulled down, to effect the removing of the undernost type cross-ways, partly thus;
that this gutter a', a is brought to the side, and partly thus that the top of the
stationary gutter retains this type, which thus will be placed upon the preceding
ones substantially as described.
Fifth In a type-distributing machine to employ a shaft f passing across the
top of the machine and provided with an iron plate slip f³, fixed along this shaft,
and the exterior edge of which can guide and conduct the type gutter a', a² of the
distributing mechanism up and down substantially as described.
Sixth In a type-distributing machine to employ another similar shaft f', with
an iron slip f³, the exterior edge of which, through its downward motion, effects
the lateral motion of the type gutter mentioned in claim 4, thereby that it actuates
an angular lever d substantially as described.
Seventh-In a type distributing machine to employ a bar E¹ of such a nature,
that it does not require to have more than one recess for every third type gutter,
thereby that the sockets c¹, c², o³, mentioned in the second claim, have such a posi-
tion with reference to each other, that when the socket c¹ is depressed into a recess
(in the bar E¹) the type gutter stops in front of one of the stationary gutters C of
the machine; when the socket c² is depressed in the same recess, the type gutter
stops in front of another of the stationary gutters C, and when the socket c³ is
depressed in the same recess the gutter stops in front of still another stationary
gutter C substantially as described.
Eighth-In a type distributing machine to employ a moving mechanism of such
a nature that a shaft h is constantly revolving, driven either by a gearing, by means
of treadles or in another manner, which shaft is transferring the motion to another
shaft i, the end of which has teeth, into which a pawl g, sitting on another shaft g'
can fall and thus put this shaft in rotation, but which pawl g is kept out of the
teeth by another hook k, so that the shaft i can revolve without taking the shaft g³
with it substantially as described.
Ninth In a type distributing machine to have a longitudinal plate like
movable up and down, which plate is depressed a little by one of the movable

page_text: finger sockets c¹, c³ and c³, when these are depressed into the recesses in the bar E¹,
by which depression of the plate 1, the hook is pushed away, whereby the shaft i,
mentioned in the 8th Claim puts the shaft g3 in rotation substantially as described;
Tenth The modes of preventing the shaft g³ from making more than one
revolution for each throwing into gear, partly thereby, that the pawl g', mentioned
in the 8th Claim, is driven out of the ratchet teeth, and partly thereby that a heel
on the arm for any other arm conveyed by the crauk g', after having passed the
centre is stopped by a brake which thus prevents the crank g¹ from continuing
its rotation substantially as described.
Eleventh The mode, in a composing machine, of employing a 'mechanism for
transferring the types from the stationary gutters C into a movable gutter m, which
mechanism is conveyed to and fro beneath the stationary gutters by the right hand,
of which three fingers are passed into movable sockets, o¹, 03, 03, substantially as
described.
Twelfth The mode in a composing machine of employing a movable gutter m,
which is depressed, when it is conveyed to and fro beneath the stationary gutters C
and which is raised when it is to catch a type in one of the stationary gutters C
substantially as described.
Thirteenth The mode, when the gutter m, mentioned in the preceding claim,
has been raised, of effecting the catching of a type cross ways, thereby that the
movable gutter m has a hook m³, which pushes the type out of the stationary
gutter C and catches the type so that it is brought over into the movable gutter,
substantially as described.
Fourteenth The mode in a composing machine of employing a longitudinal
shaft q³ with a longitudinal iron slip q, the exterior end of which has for purpose
partly to guide the gutter m of the composing mechanism and partly to convey
it up and down, that is, to and from the stationary gutters C of the machine.
Fifteenth The mode, in a composing machine of employing a second longi-
tudinal shaft q with an iron slip q', the exterior edge of which actuates, by its
motion, an angular lever m', the one leg of which is the hook m³, mentioned in
the 13th claim, substantially as described.
Sixteenth The mode, in a composing machine, of employing a bar E³, with
a recess for every third type gutter C, into which recesses the sockets o¹, 0, 0³,
mentioned in the 11th claim, can be depressed, one at a time, whereby the position
of the movable type gutter m is decided substantially as described.
Seventeenth The mode, in a composing machine, of imparting the requisite
motions to the movable type gutters m by means of a shaft with a crank r
which is put in rotation by another shaft 8, when any one of the above finger
sockets o¹, 02, 03, is depressed and thus releases a pawl ³, which imparts the motion
to the first named shaft substantially as described.
Eighteenth The mode, in a composing machine of preventing the shaft and the
crank, from making more than one revolution for each throwing into gear and
bringing it to stop in a decided position, partly thereby that the pawl ³, mentioned
in the preceding claim is driven out of the ratchet teeth, partly thereby that a
hook stops a crank r, cooperating with the shaft substantially as described.
Nineteenth For the justifying of a line in a justifying mechanism, to insert
two justifiers between every word in lieu of one while partly to push away one
of those justifiers without substituting another justifier and partly to insert a
thinner one instead of the thicker one pushed away, also first to push away one
of the justifiers, inserted between the words in order to substitute a thinner one
and then to push away the second in order also to substitute a thinner one in its
place substantially as described.
Twentieth-In such a mechanism to employ a point M², dragging on the side of
the exterior border of the line, ready to penetrate into the opening between the
words, in order partly to keep the line in a decided position and partly to impart
an impulsion for throwing into gear those parts of the mechanism which effect the
exchange of the justifiers substantially as described.

page_text: Twenty first In such a justifying mechanism to be able partly to insert a
thinner justifier type in lieu of a thicker one pushed away and partly not to do so,
thereby that a wedge 06 is prevented from following the motion to the right and
partly follows substantially as described.
Twenty second In such a justifying mechanism to have a slide H₁for advancing
the line with a pair of pincers H, H, of such a nature that a hook H³ can prevent
a frame O from following the above mentioned motion to the right and thus
permitting a thinner justifier type to be inserted into the line in lieu of the thicker
one, pushed away, substantially as described.