IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RUNNERS, RUNNER NOTCHES, AND TOP NOTCHES FOR UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Caddick at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th October
1863.
I, JOSEPH CADDICK, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Tool Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF RUNNERS, RUNNER NOTCHES, AND TOP NOTCHES FOR UMBRELLAS
AND PARASOLS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in manufacturing runners, runner notches, and top
notches for umbrellas and parasols from circular disks of sheet iron or other
metal or alloy in the manner herein-after described.
In manufacturing runners according to my Invention I take a circular disk
of sheet iron or other metal or alloy, and by means of a series of pairs of raising
dies worked in presses I raise the said disk into a tube closed at one end, the
diameter of the tube thus formed being equal to the diameter of the notch of
the intended runner. I take this tube and place it with its open end down-
wards upon a fixed die on the bed of a press, the said die having a conical
opening in its axis. By means of a flat punch made to act upon the closed
end of the tube the greater part of the tube is forced through the die and
elongated and reduced in diameter. That part of the closed end of the tube
which is left of the original diameter constitutes a flange, and is of sufficient
depth to form the notch of the runner to be made. By subjecting the tube to
the action of dies of less diameter than that first used the said tube is further
elongated and reduced to the required diameter for the runner tube, the flange
being left of the original diameter. The flange of the partially made runner

page_text: is next operated upon so as to convert it into a double flange. This is effected
by means of a pair of dies, the acting parts of which dies are of a concave
semicircular figure. The flange being supported on the fixed die or bed, the
moveable die is brought down and made to act upon the middle of the flange
and force the metal inwards or towards the axis of the runner. By turning
the flange from time to time on the lower die so that the moveable die may
act upon the whole of the middle of the flange an annular groove is made in
the said flange and the said flange made into two flanges. The two flanges
thus made are flattened and made parallel to one another by means of a pair
of flattening dies, a ring of metal in halves being previously inserted in the
groove between the flanges to preserve them the required distance apart.
Grooves are next cut in the flanges by means of a circular saw in directions
parallel to the axis of the runner and the said flanges converted into a notch.
The closed end of the runner is next pierced and the runner finished in the
ordinary way. During the raising of the runner it is annealed from time
to time as is usual when raising metals.
In manufacturing runner notches and top notches according to my Invention
I proceed in the manner described with respect to runners, excepting that I
use tubes of less length than those which I use for the manufacture of runners.
In making runners from the runner notches it is only necessary to solder to
the said notches tubes of the required length. I prefer, however, to make
the tube and notch of the runners from one disk of metal, as herein first
explained.