IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SAWING MACHINES OR MECHANISM
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Adam Knox, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF SAWING MACHINES OR MECHANISM."
Sealed the 24th January 1879, and dated the 27th July 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Adam Knox at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th July 1878.
ADAM KNOX, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North. Britain, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SAWING MACHINES OR MECHANISM."
This Invention has reference to a new or improved general arrangement of the
parts, and construction of many of the important parts, of what is known as the
horizontal reciprocating board-cutting or sawing machine, which new or improved
sawing machine and mechanism are susceptible of several modifications or arrange-
ments, all more simple, compact, and portable or self-contained in construction, and
more balanced, steady, and effecient in their action than such sawing machines or
mechanism have been as heretofore constructed.
And the essential nature and novelty of the Invention or improvements consist,
according to one modification and arrangement, in coupling the horizontal transverse
reciprocating saw by its two ends direct, by buckles or other suitable couplings, to
two broad thin blades of steel or other equivalent elastic or flexible bands, so
mounted on as to reciprocate over the upper periphery of two large, strong, but
slight oscillating pulleys, or it might be duplex segmental pulleys oscillating
vertically on strong studs projecting from the face of two slides mounted and
worked simultaneously by screw spindles on strong vertical planed guide frames,
with long bracketed sole behind on each side of the ordinary longitudinal carriage
carrying the wood to be cut, and traversed on the main stationary bed frame which
may rest in front on the strong deep transverse frame secured to the foundation
below, and carried or branched up so as to be secured to the vertical slide guides or
standards on each side to stay or make the whole securely, steady, and rigid.

page_text: An equivalent broad elastic or flexible band is securely stretched on and between
the under or lower peripheries of the pulley or segmental levers, one or both bands
being fitted with tightening screws to adjust and put the proper tension on the saw
blade and band below, to make the strains all equal and self-contained within the
rocking frame, the carrying centres and eyes of the rocking pulley and segmental
levers on which the strains come being made very long to sustain the strains with
perfect steadiness and little tear or wear.
The two slide frames carrying the axle studs of the oscillating pulleys or levers are
bound together by a strong bow frame above, with room for the log or wood to be
cut to traverse under it, and brackets project down from it with slotted adjustable
guides for embracing and steadying the saw on each side of the log or wood being cut.
Thus the whole frame so bound together is carried and simultaneously raised or
lowered by the vertical screws in vertical side guide standards coupled by a trans-
verse shaft and bevel wheels at the ends, either carried in bearings on the frame
below, or it might be on a cross beam above, so as to set the saw to the proper
height at which it is desired to make the cut into the wood, to give the required
thickness of boards down from the top surface, which is usually first dressed off or
formed by one cut of the saw through the log or wood from which the boards are
to be cut, and which is fixed on the traversing table below the level of the saw
drafts by the usual gripping side "dogs" and tightening screws mounted on the table,
which is traversed as usual by plain running, edge rimmed, and flanged wheels or
side guide rollers on the planed guides of the fixed bed frame.
The segmental pulleys and saw are oscillated or reciprocated by a long connecting
rod attached at one end to a lateral or crank pin on one of the lower segments, and
carried across the machine below the frame, with the other end connected to a
shifting and fixing crank pin in an overhung disc or crank on the belt pulley driving
shaft, carried longitudinally, in bush bearings either on the lower part of the
stationary guide slide frame at the other side of the bed plate and machine, or on
the raising and lowering slides thereof, so as to rise and fall with the saw when
desired, and fitted with compensating belt pulleys for taking up the slack of the
driving belt when that is used for actuating the first-motion crank shaft.
The table carrying the log or wood is fed forward to the saw much in the usual
manner by a toothed rack on the centre of its under side, actuated by a toothed
pinion on the inner end of the transverse reversible driving shaft, actuated at a slow
speed to traverse the carriage forwards by a screw wheel on its outer end at the
driving gear side of the machine turned by a screw on one end of a longitudinal
cone pulley feed shaft shifted up out of and into gear by the raising or lowering
of the screw into gear with the screw wheel, but this is also fitted with a bevel.
wheel, and pinion, and hand wheel or hand crank shaft for feeding the table back-
ward and forward by hand.
For running the table back at a high speed for making a fresh cut (or it might.
be forward when required), an extra belt pulley feed shaft may be employed, with.
two loose bevel pinions and clutches on their inner faces, and a shifting and
reversing clutch box between them, the bevel wheels gearing into a bevel wheel on
the extreme end of the transverse feed-motion shaft before mentioned, the clutch
box being fitted with an engaging and disengaging hand lever, so as to either.
throw this high speed feed motion out of gear or into the back or forward gear, as
desired.
The reciprocating motion given to the saw may either be that of a straight line
in the cut, or otherwise it may have a curvilinear motion, preferably entering or
cutting into the wood deeper and deeper from the side the saw is traversing for the
time being, making the face of the cut of a convex curve, and this motion may be
given to the saw either by radius bars or cams attached to studs or centres on the
deep eye of the segmental pulleys and to the slide plate, so set as to lengthen on
the in stroke of the saw, and shorten on the out stroke thereof, and thus slide the
pulleys by their eyes to and fro on their axles; or otherwise fixed or movable cams

page_text: might be fitted on the fixed or movable axes of the segmental pulleys for the said
purpose of giving this curvilineal motion to the saw.
When it is desired to give the saw a long reciprocating stroke with a short crank
or reciprocating motion of the connecting rod, the lower segments of the saw pulleys
(to which the connecting rod is coupled) instead of being of equal radius they may
be of less radius than the upper to which the saw is connected; and in addition.to
(or instead of) the flexible or other band connected to the lower segments on.
opposite sides of the machine, a connecting rod may be attached to these by lateral
studs in them on the opposite side to that on which the actuating connecting rod
works.
Although only one saw has been described as fitted on the upper segments or
arms of the reciprocating pulleys, it will be understood that two, three, or more
may be so fitted, each stepped and coupled below the other on segments or pulleys
of a less radius than the first, corresponding to the different thicknesses of the
boards to be cut.
The pulleys or segmental levers carrying the saws, when made in the form of
segments or sectors, night be made of solid edge wood, or built, or of radial arms
and side stays or tie bars of light malleable iron, to give great strength with
lightness.
The connecting rod also might be made of wood or light side wrought-iron bars
for the like purpose, and the crank disc would have a counterbalancing segmental
block, or a box formed on it for having lead filled into it to balance the weight of
the connecting rod.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Adam Knox in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th January
1879.
f
ADAM KNOX, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SAWING MACHINES OR MECHANISM."
My said Invention has reference to a new or improved general arrangement or
combination of the parts and construction of many of the important parts of what
is known as the horizontal reciprocating board-cutting or sawing machine, which
new or improved sawing machine and mechanism are susceptible of several modifi-
cations or arrangements, all more simple, compact, and portable or self-contained in
construction, and more balanced, steady, and efficient in their action than such
sawing machines or mechanism have been as heretofore constructed..
And in order that the nature and novelty of my said Invention, and best mode
and means I am at present aware of for putting the same into effect or practice
may be properly understood, I shall now describe the several Figures on the Sheet
of Drawings which I have hereunto appended for the said purpose, the same
reference letters and numerals indicating the same or equivalent parts in all the
Figures where shown.
Figure 1 is a side elevation partly broken away, and Figures 2 and 3 are a front
end elevation and corresponding plan of the main working parts of a horizontal
reciprocating wood-sawing machine, constructed in accordance with and illustrative
of one modification or general arrangement or construction of my said Invention
and improvements.
Figures 4 and 5 show an end section and a horizontal section through the axial
centre C of one of the duplex segmental levers or pulleys B carrying the saw A to
a large scale to show the construction and action of these parts more clearly than
shown in the general views, Figures 1 to 3, for giving the edge-rocking action of
the saw A, as well as its longitudinal reciprocating action; and Figures 6 to 10
show various detached views of details of the machine and other constructions or
modifications of parts different from those shown in the former Figures.
Referring to these Figures 1 to 5, the essential nature, novelty, and mode of per-
forming my said Invention or improvements consist, according to this modification
or arrangement, in coupling the horizontal transverse reciprocating saw A by its two
ends direct by buckles a, a, or other suitable coupling, to two broad thin blades a¹, a',
of steel or other equivalent elastic or flexible bands, so mounted and secured by
screws or otherwise at their ends all, all, to the upper periphery of two large strong
but light vertically oscillating segmental pulleys B, B, preferably made of framed
wood, or it might be two complete pulleys, as to reciprocate to and fro in a true
horizontal line or plane. These segmental pulleys B, B³, oscillate vertically by deep
eyes B¹¹, to which they are firmly bolted by knee flanges on strong stud centres C, C,
formed on or secured to and projecting out from the face of two sliding plates or
frames D, D, (all as seen in Figures 4 and 5) secured together by the strong centre
bow frame D¹, and mounted and raised and lowered simultaneously by screw
spindles D on strong planed vertical guide frames E, E, each secured to the foun-
dation masonry 2 or beams by long bracketed soles E¹ behind and on each side of
the ordinary longitudinal guide or rail frame F, and its travelling wheeled carriage G,
carrying the wood Z to be cut, in the centre below the saw A. The two slide
standards E, E, are further stayed together by the strong cross frame E" below the
carriage bed frame F, F, which rests on it in the centre, and on the foundation z or
seats projecting up therefrom out in front and behind these saw frames E, E¹, E",
which are secured below by the tie bar e and by the ends of the cross frame E"
branching up and secured to them by strong bracket flanges near the top at E¹¹¹,
so as to make this whole carrying frame most secure, steady, and rigid.
1
On the opposite side to the saw a broad thin elastic or flexible metal band b is

page_text: securely stretched on and between the under or lower peripheries of the two
segmental pulleys or levers B, B', and fitted and secured thereto at its ends by
tightening screws b₁ to adjust and put the proper tension on this lower band and on
the screw blade A above to make the strain all balanced within this self-contained
parallel-acting saw and rocking pulley or lever frame. The carrying centres C, C, and
metal eyes or sleeves B" of the rocking segmental levers B, B³, on which the whole
train comes, are made very long or deep to sustain the strain with perfect steadiness
and as little tear and wear as possible, and are preferably fitted each with an arrange-
ment of antifriction steel roller c sunk within a recess in the outer or strain sides
of these centres C, C, with a hard steel bearing plate sunk in the working surface
of the eye B, and a tightening wedge e" in the bottom of the recess for the
roller c to roll in, as shown particularly in the detailed section of one of these
centres C at Figures 4 and 5.
The two sliding frames D, D, carrying the axle studs of the oscillating pulley
levers B, B', may be cast in one with or bound together by the strong upwardly-
projecting bow frame D', as before stated, to give room for the traverse to and fro
of the log or wood Z under it while being cut. Brackets a² are secured to and
project down from the bow frame D', adjustable with steel-faced guides a³, for
slightly depressing and steadying the saw Å in its parallel motion, on each side of
the log or wood Z being cut. This portable or sliding frame D, D, D¹, also bound
together as a whole, and carrying the rocking frame B, B1, B", and saw A, is raised
and lowered simultaneously and equally or parallelly on its vertical slide or guide
frames E, E, at each side, on and by its carrying vertical screws D" working in
deep screw nuts or eyes secured to the back of the sliding plates D, D, and carried
and revolving in bearings in the slide standards E, E, so as to be actuated simul-
taneously by bevel wheels d on them, gearing into corresponding wheels d' on a
transverse shaft D2, preferably carried in bearing blocks D¹¹ on the frame E" below;
or when desired it might be on a cross beam above secured at the upper ends of the
standards E, E, where either screw D" may be turned by a crank handle shipped
on it direct, or on a hand spindle gearing therewith, so as to set the saw A to its
proper height down from its last cut, and which could be seen by divisions of
inches and parts of inches on the slide frames D, E, or proportional divisions on a
dial fixed où one of the spindles D¹¹ with fixed pointer, and so set the saw A to the
proper height down from or below the top surface of the wood Z at which it is
desired to make the cut in it, or give the thickness of boards, veneer, or other slice
of wood desired to be cut for the time being, the top surface of the wood being as
usual dressed off flat or parallel to the traverse of the table by a first cut of the
saw through the log or wood from which the boards are to be cut.
The log or block of wood z to be cut as stated is fixed on the top of the travelling
table or carriage G, much in an ordinary manner by the usual side "dogs" g, with
griping heads and stems passed down through deep screw nuts or slides g¹ mounted
on their tightening screw spindles g¹¹, worked and sliding in the centre of transverse
slide guides 92, formed at intervals across the carriage table G, with the spindle
heads gprojecting out at the edges for actuating them by hand levers or
wheels.
The carriage G with the wood z so fixed on it is carried on plain edge rimmed
wheels g³ with internal guide flanges on cross axles g* mounted in bearing brackets
g projecting down from the under sides of the carriage frame G and mounted to run
on the rail frames F, F, secured to the frame El at F1, and to the 'foundation z
at F, carried across the transverse saw pit z¹, formed in the foundation z, for the
raising and lowering of the carrying frame D, D¹, C, and oscillating saw frame
levers B, B¹, B. But the table Ġ may be traversed on other equivalent arrange-
ments of planed guide slides on the fixed bed frame F, or with side guide rollers in
this under frame. These segmental levers B, B¹, are made of such a length or
diameter across the axes C as when in their highest position to allow the carriage G
and largest piece of wood on it desired to be cut, to traverse freely below the saw A,
and leave the lower binding band b quite clear of the under side of the rails F and

page_text: carriage G, and its under driving gear, which is fitted to actuate it much in a
usual manner by a central longitudinal inverted toothed rack f secured to the
brackets G¹ projecting down from the middle of the carriage frame G, and actuated
by a geared pinion on the inner end of a transverse driving shaft f¹¹, carried in
bearing brackets ffs, secured to the cross frame E". This shaft f" is actuated
automatically to feed the carriage G forward towards the saw A, as indicated by the
arrows in Figures 1 and 3, through the screw wheel h on its outer end, and engaging
and disengaging screw and shaft h¹, H, and feed gearing, as will herein-after be
described, at different slow speeds to suit the hardness or kind of wood being cut;
or actuated automatically at a fast speed to traverse the carriage G backwards or
forwards, when the saw is not cutting, through the bevel wheel i on its outer end,
and a pinion gearing into it on the inner end of the motive shaft I carried in
bearing brackets flll, f³, secured to the frames E and F on the right-hand or
driving gear side of the machine, where this shaft I is actuated by a central fixed
driving pulley I', and a forward and backward slack pulley 11, 12, with an open
and cross belt passed over them from any overhead or other adjacent driving drum
shaft, and fitted with ordinary duplex belt forked shifting hand gear I, Is, also
fitted with hand traversing gear through the crank handle ³, and angled shaft i²,
carried in the bearing standard 21 in front, and geared into the same wheel i by the
pinion on its lower end.
The segmental pulleys B, B', and saw A are oscillated or reciprocated to and fro
on their stationary axes C, C, (so as to make the saw cut in both directions, the
teeth being formed and sharpened in the usual manner employed for this purpose)
by the long connecting rod B², preferably made of wood for lightness and strength,
attached at its inner free end to a lateral or crank pin B¹¹¹, secured in the centre of
the lower segment B', on the further side from and carried across the machine
behind and below the frames B, B', so as to have the other end connected to an
eccentric or crank pin B³, fixed in an overhung disc or crank B on the first motion
belt pulley driving shaft 1 of the machine, with fast and loose belt pulleys 1", 1", on
it and carried longitudinally in bush bearing brackets 2, either secured to the lower
part of the strong guide slide frame E on that side of the framing, or to a sole in a
recess of the foundation z, the driving belt being shifted by an ordinary arrange-
ment of belt fork 21 and hand lever spindle 2" shown dotted in in Figures 2 and 3;
or in some cases the shaft 1 of the machine might be carried portably on the raising
and lowering slide frames D, D, D', thereof when desired, so as to rise and fall with
the saw A and frames B, B', which would be actuated by the connecting rod and
crank pin B2, B3, at more uniform angles, and have compensating belt pulleys for
taking up the slack of the driving belts when these are used for actuating the first
motion and feed shafts 1 and J.
The lower segmental arms B, B¹, are further connected preferably by two lateral
studs 6, 62, in front, and a safety or guard connecting rodb³, preferably of wood
for lightness, in addition to the metallic bands b, b', as seen particularly in the front
view Figure 2, to prevent the breakage of any main parts of the machine, should a
saw A or the connecting bands a, b, snap or give way.
As the working saw frames B, B¹, B", have a rocking motion edge or end ways
on their stud centres C, C, as will herein-after be explained, as well as the vertical
oscillating motion imparted by the connecting rod B2 and crank disc B* it is
preferred to make the journals of their connecting pins B1 and B³, either of a
barrel or ball shape with bushes convex to fit them. And to give a greater or
less length of stroke to the saw the crank pin B³ may be made to shift in its crank
disc B or otherwise, when it is desired to give the saw and the upper segments
of their frames a long reciprocating stroke with a short throw of the crank pin B³
and reciprocating motion of the connecting rod B2, the lower segments B₁ of the
saw pulleys B, B¹, (to which the connecting rod is coupled) instead of being made
of equal radius to the upper ones B may be made of a less radius than these to
which the saw is connected, as shown particularly in Figure 2, or otherwise the
pin B might be fixed nearer the axis C of the frame B by having a shifting

page_text: pin or several pin holes formed in the lower arm B¹ of the frame B for that
purpose.
The segmental levers B, B', B", carrying the saw or saws, when made in the form
of segments or sectors, as shown in these Figures, may be made or built of double,
cross, or radial arms, as B¹11, secured to knee flanges on the eyes by side stays or
tie bolts and light iron plates with blocks between them to keep them to the full width
of the end segments to which they are firmly checked and secured at a and b, all to
give great strength with lightness; or otherwise these segmental saw lever frames
might be made of light strong segments of Tor angle iron, connected by light radial
iron rods to the strong eyes B, and to each other by light outside stays. And the con-
necting rods B2 are also preferred to be made of wood with light wrought-iron or
steel side straps B₁, particularly at the ends where their bushes and tightening
"gibs" and cotters are fitted all for the like purpose of giving the maximum
strength with the least weight; while the crank disc B would have a counter-
balanced segmental block, formed on it or a box for having lead filled into it to
balance the weight of the connecting rod B2, all so as to give the said reciprocating
or to-and-fro motion to the saw and its carrying frame with the greatest possible
steadiness as the wood is fed forward to it.
"
The arrangement of automatic gearing shown in this machine for giving any
slow feed forward of the table required to suit the wood being cut through its
actuating shaft f" and screw wheel h and screw shaft h¹, H, consists of an inter-
mediate frictional disc driving shaft J, J¹, carried in journal bearings at the top of
its supporting cast-iron standard J¹¹, secured to a bed frame J2 on the foundation
near the travelling table; and driven by a belt 31 from a pulley 3 on the first
notion shaft 1, passed over the pulley 3" on the shaft J, which is mounted to shift
slightly endways in its journal bearings, so as to be pressed up by a regulating
pressure spring J or other equivalent at its back end to press its driving disc Ji
up against one side of a transmitting friction pulley or wheel ¹, on a short inter-
mediate spindlej, mounted in slide bearing bushes in the top of the standard j",
secured to the same bed frame J2 as that of the shaft J, all so as to press the trans-
mitting friction wheel j' up against the adjacent opposite radial face of the friction
driving disc H (corresponding to that J of the shaft J) on the near end of the
before-mentioned screw shaft H, and so drive it and the screw wheel shaft ƒll of
the table G.
The transmitting friction wheel J' (or it might be its spindle J) is formed with a
sliding collar, grooved boss, or sleeve for shifting it by an embracing transmitting
lever and transmitting spindle and wheels ja, j, j, and actuating spindle ³, and
hand lever and fixing quadrant j led forward preferably to the opposite front side
of the machine at j convenient for the attendant by these to shift the transmitting
friction wheel j across the faces of its griping and transmitting disc J₁ and H³, that
is, to or from the axis of the former, and vice versa, of the latter, so as to give the
screw shaft H the greater or less speed required to give any desired regular slow
feed forward of the table G to suit the wood Z being cut.
For the purpose of engaging and disengaging this feed motion at any moment
the screw shaft H, ', is carried in journal bearings in a long forked or two-armed:
swivelling bracket H" oscillating on a strong stud centre near its back or middle,
fixed in a bracket H formed or secured on the back or under side or flange of the
transverse frame E", all so as to be actuated by a connecting link ", attached at
its lower end to the extreme end of the swivelling bracket H" or shaft H, outside
the screw, and to a lever at its upper end on the near end of a spindle h³,
carried in and across to the other side of the machine frame F, and fitted with a
hand lever and fixing quadrant h*, h³, convenient for the attendant to raise and
lower the screw h' into or out of gear with its wheel h, and thus set this slow
forward feed motion off or on where he controls its speed by the corresponding
hand gear j', jo.
It will be understood that other ordinary arrangements of differential speed
}

page_text: feeding gear might be employed, such as reverse cone belt pulleys on the extreme
end of the first-motion shaft 1, and the screw shaft H.
And further, instead of the long shaft I, with reverse driving and open and cross
slack belt pulleys 11, 11, 12, a single short belt pulley shaft, with an ordinary reversing
arrangement of two loose bevel pinions and clutches on their inner faces, and a
shifting and reversing clutch box between them might be used, the bevel wheels
gearing into a bevel wheel on the extreme end of the transverse feed motion
shaft direct, the clutch box being fitted with a collar sleeve and an engaging and
disengaging band lever and fixing segment arrangement i, j, so as to either throw
this high speed feed motion instantly out of gear, or into the back or forward gear
as desired.
•
The reciprocating motion given to the saw A may be straight, rectilinear, to and
fro, and of the cut made by the teeth, as given by the crank pin B3 and disc B¹, as
so far described, in which case the axes C, C, of the frames B, B, must be straight
and parallel to each other, and at right angles to the vertical plane of the motion of
the said frame and slides D, D, as indicated by the lines C¹. - C' in Figure 3.
Or otherwise, and as preferred, the saw may have an additional curvilinear or edge
rocking motion imparted to it, entering or cutting deeper and deeper into the wood
at and from the side and end the saw is entering and traversing for the time being,
and rather receding from the cut on the other side on which the saw is passing away
from the wood, thus making the face of the cut of a convex curve.
And this new
or improved motion of band saws A is effected through sliding their carrying
eyes B and frames B, B', on their centres C, C, when in true parallel line with the
frames as stated, either by radius bars, as r, r, two to each, attached to barrel or
ball stud centres ³, r, on the deep eye B" of the segmental rocking frames of the
saw, and others 11, 11, fixed on the slide plate D, so set out of line as to lengthen
on the in stroke of the saw towards the wood, and shorten on the out stroke thereof,
and thus slide the segmental frames B, B, and saw A by the eyes B¹¹, out and in
respectively on each side on their axis, all as shown in Figures 7 and 8; or other-
wise, a fixed cam s, with an angled groove s¹ on its inner face, might be screwed on
the face of the stationary slide D, above or below the inner edge of each eye B¹¹;
which would have a lateral sliding arm or guide piece s¹¹, or a stud, with antifric-
tion roller working up into the groove 8¹ of the fixed cam, so as to press out the
eye B as it oscillates outwards with the saw towards the wood, and inwards when
receding, all to give the said edge rocking motion of the saw, as seen in the end and
edge views of such a cam arrangement in Figures 9 and 10.
----
C¹
A more simple modification or arrangement of the parts at the axes C, C, for
giving this cam or equivalent angular rocking mechanical motion to the saw A, and
which I prefer and have therefore shown in the complete machine, Figures 1 to 3,
and particularly in Figures 4 and 5, consists in forming and fitting the axes of the
centres C, C, in a true horizontal plane, or parallel to the level of the table and its
plane of motion, but set outwards from each other at their outer ends, equally in
and off the vertical longitudinal plane 3 - - 3, as seen by the dotted lines C¹-.
and C¹ - -C in Figures 3 and 5; while the segmental levers B, B', are mounted
and fixed on their eyes Ell, so as to be in a true vertical plane in the central position
of their motion or stroke to both the horizontal and vertical plane of motion of the
table or parallel to the face of the slide guide frames E, E, which angling of the
centres C to the line C¹ C, has the effect of pressing out the upper segments B
of the fragments B, B', on opposite sides, as they pass towards the wood, and so
press that end of the saw A fixed to them further into the wood while cutting, and
withdrawing the other end of the saw while passing through or out of the wood, as
before stated, the bearing periphery of the segments B, B, at a being made slightly
of a skew arc, as if cut or turned in the lathe on the axis C¹- - - CII, so as to allow
the blade a to lie horizontally in all points of its motion, all so as to give the said
curvilinear edge rocking action to the saw, which is formed to have a most beneficial
effect on the working of this new or improved arrangement of horizontal blade or
band saw A, or saws worked over duplex segmental levers or pulleys B, B¹,
---

page_text: In this arrangement the angle outwards of the centre C, C, indicated by the lines
CC and CC, in Figure 5, which have been found to answer in a first
machine is about half-an-inch to the foot; but there is little doubt that this might be
varied considerably, and perhaps with good effect in different machines, according to
the kind of work or wood for which it is to be generally used, and as shown in this
Figure, also a safety collar c² or other equivalent may be secured on the end of the
angled centres C to keep the eyes B" from moving outwards, or the antifriction
roller c from working out of the groove in the centre C, made wide enough for the
radial or circumferential rolling action of the eyes B. The ends of the saw A
proper are preferred to be fixed by a broad-headed buckle. a, screwed on them
and carefully fitted into a corresponding shaped slotted clasp or holder a*, and
rivetted to the near end of their elastic steel band a', 'as shown in edge and side
view in Figure 6, preferably made nearly the same width as the ends of the saws A,
and their bearing segments B over which they bend or work, and as seen in
Figure 3 secured by a single central screw a", which allows of a slight motion to
prevent any tendency of the saw to warp or vibrate in its twofold motion.
Although only one saw A has been described and shown in these Figures 1, 2,
and 3, as fitted on the upper segments or arins B of the reciprocating segmental
or pulley levers B, B, B, it will be understood that two, three, or more may be
fitted as shown in the edge and side views, Figures 7 and 8, of one of these frame
levers B, B¹, B, and carrying frame C, D, D', with two saws A and A¹ as fitted
therein, each mounted and working on and coupled to a stepped segment below the
other, of a less radius than the first, or one above it as R, R¹, corresponding to the
different thickness of the boards to be cut, and each fitted with a different top guide
a3 and a above the saws A, A¹, on each side of the wood, and by the greater or less
depression of which the different thicknesses of the slices of wood being cut may be
regulated.
All the other parts of the machine not shown in these Figures 7 and 8 would be
substantially the same as shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3, and although only segmental
levers or pulleys B, B¹, B", have been shown for carrying and actuating the saws
in all the Figures where shown, it is to be understood that complete pulleys might
be used when desired, and that the saws themselves might be attached to these
pulleys when desired without the intermediate fixing metallic bands a, a', or b, b¹.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention and the manner of per-
forming the same I have to state that I do not confine myself to the precise details
berein described or delineated, but what I consider novel and original and there-
fore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is,―
First. The general construction or arrangement and combination of the parts of
wood-sawing machine or mechanism, of the horizontal reciprocating class with blade
or band, saw or saws, reciprocated on the periphery of segmental levers or on pulleys,
all substantially as herein described in reference to and shown in the accompanying
Drawings, or any mere modification thereof.
Second. The carrying and actuating of a horizontal reciprocating blade or band
saw or saws on the periphery of reciprocated segmental levers or on pulleys, either
having an edge rocking or curvilinear motion given to them or not, as desired, for
the cutting of wood in horizontal sawing machines, all substantially as herein
described in reference to and shown in the accompanying Drawings, or any mere
modification thereof.
Third. The carrying of the reciprocating segmental levers or pulleys with their
saw or saws on fixed centres (either with or without antifriction pulleys) on vertical
slides or guide frames to give the different thicknesses of wood to be cut in hori-
zontal sewing machines, all substantially as herein described in reference to and
shown in the accompanying Drawings, or any mere modification thereof.
Fourth. The giving of the edge rocking action to the segmental levers or pulleys
carrying and actuating horizontal reciprocating saws (in wood-sawing machines) by

page_text: radial links, cams, or angled centres, all substantially as and for the purposes herein
described in reference to and show in the accompanying Drawings, or any mere
modification thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said Adam Knox, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-second day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.
Witness,
W. R. M. THOMSON,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
ADAM KNOX. (L.S.)