A FIRE STOVE, WITH BOILERS, POTTS, AND OTHER SALUTARY UTENSILS ADAPTED TO THE SAME, WHICH TOGETHER FORM A MACHINE CALLED BY ME THE ECONOMIST, WHICH WILL BE OF GREAT UTILITY TO HIS MAJESTY'S SUBJECTS IN GENERAL, AND PARTICULARLY TO CHYMISTS AND DISTILLERS, TO PERSONS ON BOARD SHIPS, IN GARRISONS, CAMPS, HOSPITALS, PRISONS, PUBLIC HALLS AND COLLEGES. MAGGTER
Year: 1770

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BARTHOLOMEW
DOMINICETI, Esquire, of Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex, Professor of
Physic, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
the Sixth day of December, in the eleventh year of His reign, give and grant
unto me, the said Bartholomew Dominiceti, His especial licence, that I, the
said Bartholomew Dominiceti, during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales,
and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all His Majesty's Colonies and
Plantations abroad, my Invention of "A FIRE STOVE, WITH BOILERS, POTTS,
AND OTHER SALUTARY UTENSILS ADAPTED TO THE SAME, WHICH TOGETHER FORM
A MACHINE CALLED BY ME THE ECONOMIST, WHICH WILL BE OF GREAT UTILITY
TO HIS MAJESTY'S SUBJECTS IN GENERAL, AND PARTICULARLY TO CHYMISTS AND
DISTILLERS, TO PERSONS ON BOARD SHIPS, IN GARRISONS, CAMPS, HOSPITALS,
PRISONS, PUBLIC HALLS AND COLLEGES. WHICH MACHINE WILL, WITH THE SAME
WATER AND FIRE, AND AT THE SAME TIME, BOIL FROM ONE TO TWENTY DIFFERENT
SORTS OF FLESH, FISH, AND GARDEN STUFF, EACH SEPERATE FROM THE OTHER,
SO AS TO OBTAIN FROM EVERY ONE ITS SEPERATE AND PECULIAR JUICE, LIQUOR,
OR GRAVY, WITHOUT ANY ONE PARTAKING IN THE LEAST OF THE SMELL OR TASTE
OF THE OTHER; AND AT THE SAME TIME, AND WITH THE SAME FIRE, MAKE SEA-
WATER FRESH, AND FOUL, PUTRID, AND MAGGOTTY WATER CLEAN AND SWEET.
THIS MACHINE WILL ALSO, IF NO WATER CAN BE PROCURED, BOIL THE SAME
VARIETY OF FLESH, FISH, AND GARDEN STUFF AT THE SAME TIME AND WITH

page_text: THE SAME FIRE, AND EXTRACT FROM EACH ITS SEPARATE LIQUOR, JUICE, OR GRAVY,
AS BEFORE. AND THE SAME MACHINE WILL ALSO, WHILE THE SAID VARIETY OF
FISH, FLESH, AND GARDEN STUPP IS BOILING, WITH OR WITHOUT WATER, ROAST
AT THE SAME FIRE FOUR OR MORE DIFFERENT PIECES OF MEAT UPON ONE SPIT,
AND A HARE OR ANY JOINT OF MEAT, OR OTHER THING EQUALLY LARGE, UPON
ANOTHER SPIT, TURNING BOTH SPITS BY THE SAME JACK. THIS MACHINE WILL,
MOREOVER, WHILE THE SAID SEVERAL MEATS AND GARDEN STUFF ARE BOILING AND
BOASTING AS AFORESAID, BAKE ANY KIND OF MEAT OR PASTRY IN AN OVEN, AND
GIVE TO THE PROVISIONS THAT ARE AT THE SAME TIME BOILING, ROASTING, AND
BAKING, ANY CERTAIN DEGREE OF HEAT, ENCREASING AND DIMINISHING IT AT
PLEASURE TO EACH OR ALL OF THEM AS REQUIRED, SO THAT THIS ECONOMICAL
MACHINE WILL PREPARE AT THE SAME TIME WITH ONE FIRE, AND A VERY SMALL
QUANTITY OF FUEL, MORE CONVENIENTLY AND IN GREATER PERFECTION THAN BY
THE COMMON METHOD, ALL THE VARIETY OF DISHES THAT MAY BE REQUIRED FOR THE
MOST SUMPTUOUS TABLE, AND BY ITS UTENSILS RECOVEE AND PRESERVE PUBLICK
HEALTH. THAT IF THE KITCHEN, Room, OB CABIN IN WHICH THE MACHINE CALLED
THE ECONOMIST, WITH ITS FIRE STOVE, IS ERECTED OR PLACED, IS MADE ENTIRELY
OF WOOD, AND IS NO MORE THAN SEVEN OR EIGHT FEET SQUARE, AND IF THE FIRE,
DURING ITS GREATEST HEAT, IS ENTIRELY ABANDONED, OR IP OH SHIP-BOARD THE
VESSEL SUFFERS THE MOST VIOLENT AGITATION, THERE WILL NOT BE THE LEAST
DANGER OF INJURY EITHER TO THE PLACE OR TO THE PERSONS NEAR, NEITHER WILL
THE COOK OR HIS ASSISTANTS BE INCOMMODED BY THE HEAT, SMOKE, OR FUMES, OR
WANT CONVENIENCY THAT THE LARGEST FIREPLACE OR KITCHEN CAN AFFORD;" in
which said Letters Patent there is contained a provisoo obliging me, the said
Bartholomew Dominiceti, under my hand and seal, to cause a particular descrip-
tion of the nature of my said Invention, and how the same is to be performed,
to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within four calendar
months after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same
(relation being thereunto had) may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said provisoe, I, the said
Bartholomew Dominiceti, do hereby declare that my said Invention, of a
Fire Stove, with Boilers, Potts, and other Salutary Utensils adapted to the
same, which together form a Machine called by me the Economist, for Boiling,
Roasting, and Baking, and for all and singular the other purposes and uses
above mentioned, is described in the Plan thereof, and references thereto,
hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Bartholomew Dominiceti, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the First day of April, One thousand seven
hundred and seventy-one
BARTHOLOMEW DOMINICETI. (L.B.)

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBRED that on the same First day of April, in
the year last above mentioned, the aforesaid Bartholomew Dominiceti came
before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Speci-
fication aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified,
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt
according to the tenor of the Statute made in the sixth year of the reign of
the late King and Queen William and Mary of England, and so forth.
Inrolled the Third day of April in the year above said.
REFERENCES to the above Plan of a Fire Stove, with Boilers, Potts, and
other Salutary Utensils adapted to the same, which together form a
Machine, called by the Inventor, Bartholomew Dominiceti, Esquire, The
CEconomist:
The stove of this machine is of cast-iron, about two inches thick, a foot
wide, and three feet high.
Figure 1. A, A, an opening through which is introduced wood, conals, or
other fuel. A, B, the hearth. B, A, B, a hole, thro' which a great brass or
irou cock goes through the stove, meets another hole in the principal boiler,
where it screws, C, C, when this is placed in the mouth of the stove A, A.
The rings cast on purpose with the machine to support several ovens D, D,
that are joined to the said stove, are marked by two asterisms **.
Figure 2. Two great copper ovens made like kettle drums. These ovens,
D, O, D, O, are always properly warmed by the heat proceeding from each
side of the oven to which they are closely joined. There has been made an
opening near the said ovens, in order that the heat of the stove A, A, might
penetrate the more. E, E, the two great doors or mouths of the ovens D, O,
D, O. This way is introduced what is generally baked, such as bread, meat,
pastry, &c. F, F, gridirons. Every one of the ovens D, O, D, O, contain
generally three rows of these gridirons; they take all the circumference of the
ovens; anything may be put upon them by the means of an iron peele like
those R, R, that serve to put the bread in the oven, and when these two great
doors E, E, are well shutt everything is baked in perfection. These gridirons
are so well contrived that they may be taken out or put in at pleasure. When
they are out there remains near the mouths of both ovens a piece of iron, G,
that serves to support the spit when anything is to be roasted. Several rings
on the opposite side of the ovens D, O, D, O, facing the doors E, E, bear the
point of the spit. Two spits together may easily go round in the same oven,
and there wants but one jack, the moving part of which is fixed to the mouth

page_text: of the chimney tube where the sinoak turns the spit. N, C, K, are the two
lines to move regularly the spit. The holes that are at the door E, E, helps
the motion of the spit; but you must take care to have these doors very close.
G, I, G, the little doors or windows to look into the ovens, and give air to
them at pleasure.
Figure 3. The great iron regulator is placed between the oven F, X, F,
and the stove, to increase and diminish the heat as it is required.
Figure 4 contains four other copper ovens, M, N, M. Their use is the
same as that of the others, except in baking bread. They are placed in front;
and each of these ovens at the upper side of the stove A, A, has great and
small holes to answer the same purpose as in the two ovens D, O, D, O.
Figure 5. The principal copper boiler, when taken out of the stove A, A,
is divided in four separate pieces, and the same picces are grafted into one
another, to make but one again whenever it is necessary to place it on the
stove, that all the body of the machine may act upon it. The three pieces
belonging to this kettle are the following:-
The first is the pott X, the second is the cover H, and the third is a little
cover N, to stop the hole on the top of the cover EI, which belongs to the pott
X. This principal copper boiler, X, II, N, to which belongs the pott X, cover
EI, and the little cover N, appears at first sight as a common pott, which is
covered and placed at the mouth of the store. Whoever has a mind to see the
form of the boiler may take it out at pleasure (as it must be the case if you
want to clean it), and replace it very casily.
We shall explain now the mechanism of this principal boiler. Its breadth
and depth are measured on the diameter of the oven's mouth, where the prin-
cipal cauldron is fixed, and meets at the hole C, C, that goes through the stove
A, A, and corresponds to a similar hole C, C, at the bottom of the principal
boiler X, H, Ne. Into this great hole enters the great brass cock, both in the
stove A, A, and in the great boiler X, H, N. Figure 6, Z, R, H. This is the
great cock that screws in and serves to draw the water out of the boiler.
It is surrounded by a copper edging O, O, thro' all the circumference
of the stove A, A, so that it keeps it hanging over the mouth Z, Z, heated
by the stove, and at the same time shuts and keeps it so close that the
smoak cannot get out, and therefore concenters itself again, gives no trouble
to those who take care of the economical machine, and goes at last to find
its proper passage through the tube R, K, A. On each side of this principal
boiler, whose upper part, that has the great edging O, O, remains out of the
stove, are seen two conduits I, I. They resemble two over-set funnels, and arc
supported and strengthend by two wide openings, made in the shape of an oxe's

page_text: eye, on each side of the principal boiler. Each of these conduits is furnished
with a tube that serves to emit the vapours exhaling from the water contained
in the great boiler. By the means of these vapours one may boil anything
contained in the pott X, which, as we shall sec, remains fixt in the principal
boiler. There are other tubes annexed to the two conduits I, I, that convey
the same warm vapours to the tin vessel, which shall be mentioned in a proper
place. The pott X is the second piece belonging to the principal boiler, and
anything may be cooked in it, with or without water. This pot is taken, if
one may say so, from the belly of the principal boiler, in which is confined, as
it has been said, by the means of two rings B, Z, B, with the same ease as the
boiler is drawn from the mouth of the oven, and both may be replaced with
the same ease. In order to conceive how closely are fixed the boiler X, H, N,
and the pott X, it is necessary to observe that on the top of the principal
boiler there is a circle two inches wide, well supported underneath. Between
this circlo and the edging there is a space of some lines, that goes round all
the inside circumference; and, as on the top of the pot X, there is likewise a
circle of the same bigness, and inade exactly like that of the principal boiler,
which remains under it when the pott is fixed in the belly of the cauldron,
so this circle gets into that of the principal boiler, which is strengthned
underneath, and occupys the outward circumference of the said pott. By this
method it fixes and in a certain manner scals up all its surface by the means
of the edging that covers both circles. The well-contrived wideness of the
edging that covers the two circles gives a diameter of two or three inches of
void space to all the outward circumference of the pott X and the inward one
of the principal boiler X, H, N, where the above-mentioned pot remains fixed.
This void space leaves room enough for the vapour to perform the intended
decoction of meat contained in the pott. Besides, as there is no place where
the vapours can exhale, so great is the exactness of the dimensions that shuts
closely the principal boiler, it is evident that these vapours, thus confined,
recoil with greater force towards the conduit I, I, for the heat is a great deal
more violent, and consequently they act with more briskness and effect for
boiling the things contained in the different tin vessels, where the vapours pass
by the said conduits from the principal boiler. Nothing remains now but
to shew the distance from the bottom of the pot X to the kettle X, H, N.
This pot, thus fixed in the principal boiler, has between its case and that of the
boiler about a foot in depth above the water introduced into it, which may be
renewed, when consumed, by the means of a large pipe T, which is stript by
the cover V.
Figure 7. This third piece belongs, as well as the pott X, to the principal

page_text: boiler. It is the cover N. It embraces all the circumference of the prin-
cipal boiler, and keeps it close together with the pot which is fixed in its belly.
This cover has two handles X, X, X, to take off and put on at pleasure.
Figure 8. P: This last fourth piece is the little cover designed to shut the
opening that is on the top of the great cover N. Thro' this hole you may try
with a fork whether the meat is done.
Figure 9, D, B, D, B, two copper kettles, with a round opening, marked by
W, that goes across their centers from top to bottom. The form of these two
kettles does not resemble in the least that of the principal boiler X, H, N.
Besides that the cut is very different, no pots are introduced. As for
their use, it is the same as that of the principal boiler, by the water they
are filled with to supply a sufficient quantity of vapours for thirty tin vessels
and more, to which they correspond by four different tubes diametrically
placed at their sides, as are the two ones joined to the conduits I, I, of the
principal boiler. Each of these kettles has a cock, and a hole to introduce
water when wanted. The heat of the chimney tube makes the above-mentioned
kettles boil extreamly fast, and emit the vapours. When these two kettles are
thus prepared by the heat of the tube, as there is on the top of them a kind
of capital W, E, W, that covers them, the vapours come out at the extremity
of it, and pass through the four different tubes L, L, L, L, exactly like those
of the conduits I, I. When this capital is overset, the opening may be shut
with a common cover.
Figure 10. R, C, Y: This is a copper vessel with three cocks. It's belly is
somewhat larger than that of the two kettles D, B, D, B. It is above them, in
the same way as the stove's chimney A, A, as may be seen in the plan of the
whole economical machine. At the orifice of these works, C, C, C, must be
fixed a little tin or leaden pipe that penetrates in the perpendicular part just
within the tube X, X, X, X, which is seen in every one of the three kettles,
so that when the water boils in those three kettles it exhales and makes the
vapours fly up to the tin vessels M, M, and in that manner certainly dimi-
nishes itself. To make therefore these vapours continue, the said vessell R, C, Y.
must be always kept almost full of water, like that of the three kettles, that
by falling at the entrance into the tube X, X, X, X, it runs boiling into the
three kettles, which does not retard in the least the effect of evaporation or
distillation which co-operates in the tin vessels M, M. To render perfect and
sure a continual operation with these small plain kettles and very little fire of
the economical machine, it will be enough to put a cistern, a tubb, or any
other vessel full of fresh, salt, or putrid water, and by the means of a proper
tube make it fall in the entrance of the large opening L, O, R, of the said

page_text: vessel R, C, Y; it will run very hot without stopping the abullition of the other,
nor its vapours, that penetrate by the tubes L, L, L, L, into the thirty tin vessels
M,M, in which you may boil extreamly well any meat or greens, and draw
out of them their juices and liquors, sweetening and purifying at the same
time impure waters.
.
As in the Invention of the economical machine one of the most important
views has been to render it beneficial to mankind in general, we have endeavoured
to prevent an jnconvenience which, altho' very rare, may possibly happen, and
that is, for want of fresh water; as, for justance, at sea, or somewhere far from
fountains or rivers, or in case of a general drought. This may be prevented by
purifying and rendering drinkable any sort of corrupted and putrified waters,
without altering or hindering the decoction of the meat; contained in the thirty
tin vessels. The same may be done with salt water; it becomes sweet and
drinkable by simple distillation, without the use of soap or potashes; but again,
if there should be no water of any kind, urine itself alone will serve as fresh
water. We must observe that in all these operations if it should happen that
the addition of cold, warm, or boiling water should become useless, you have.
only to stop the running of the three cocks that are placed at the three
sides X, X, X, X, and that of the above-mentioned vessel or tubb.
Figure 11. R, S, K, S, is one of the outside flancs of the border on which
the thirty tin vessels are disposed and placed in a proper order; but this grand
apparatus is not necessary, but for ornament and greater convenience, in a man-
of-warr, camp, hospital, or palace. The vessel or great pot should always be
wider than the other potts or vessels that are placed on the opposite sides.
The above-mentioned border and the whole body of the economical machine
is so well contrived that they may be easily taken to pieces, and this is for the
sake of convenience when one intends to move it from place to place.
Figure 12. F, M, B, A: this is one of the vessels or potts of ye deconomical
machine, which is taken to pieces for the sake of examining it. We
shall show now the difference between the vessels and the great builer that is
fixed in the mouth of the stove A, A. This vessel or pot contains the same
number of pieces that are in the principal boiler X, H, N, that is to say, four.
It opens, shutts, and seperates at the same time. The mechanism is the same;
but as this vessel, and the others like it, are never put on the fire, the part that
grafts into the mouth of the principal oven is taken away as useless. This
makes it not half so deep, as you may see by one of these vessels in this
Figure. We have added a handle M, M, in order to render it more
convenient.
Figure 18. Q, O, Q, are three pillars or iron supports that are to be made

page_text: in three degrees of dimunition; that is to say, at the bottom, where they screw,
in their base, they should be of an equal thickness; and about two feet high
from the base, two feet higher, thinner; and still thinner the more they rise, to
facilitate a passage between the large holes of the three iron plates and the
wooden one, that are supported steady, as is represented in Figure N, E, N.
Figure 14. R, S: this is the base where these three pillars are fixed, with
a screw in the center of the same base, as in the other three that form the
quadrangular base. There is a little groove at the bottom of the pillars,
into which is jntroduced, and raised at pleasure, the piece of iron like a plate,
called the Fender, marked by V, N, which prevents ashes and fire from doing
any mischief.
Figure 15. N, E, N: this is the above-mentioned iron plate, in which there
are at a proper distance several hollow places, wherein are fixed the vessels or
tin pots that are seen regularly placed on the said plate by the means of iron
pins E, A, E. These tin vessels are so cleverly fastned, only in case the machine
should be at sea, and that a storm should put them in danger. To prevent
this inconvenience, one may use likewise the rings F, R, which are found in
the said pins. A rope through these rings will fasten and keep the vessels very
safe, as there can be no danger that meat or broth should be spilt, or the fire
do the leat harm to the ship.
Figure 16. M, X, M, are two drawers, with proper locks. The others, marked
with X, M, X, are, on the contrary, wooden ones. In these drawers are put
the utensils for the kitchen of a man-of-war, camp, &c., to have them at hand,
as likewise to keep the cook's cloaths.
Figure 17. L, Y, L: this is another particular oven, which is to be fixed
under Figure 4, and over the hearth door, covering the greatest part of the
cock in Figure the Sixth, Z, R, H. Its use is to warm, melt, or prepare
anything to eat.
Fig. 18. B, H, N: these are several tin tubes, some of which are curve, and
others perpendicular. By these are conveyed the vapours into the tin vessels, at a
proper distance from the three kettles, and may be placed at a convenient height.
The short innumeration of all the different utensils and necessaries that
compose the economical machine is adapted to the Plan that contains their
distinct forms and figures. We have explained in the best manner we could
the references and connections they have with one another; and now we
shall enter upon the great advantages that every one of the said implements
affords to the art of cooking, rendering it more expeditious and a great deal
more acconomical. Before we conclude the description of this excellent and
well-contrived machine, it is necessary to remark that its size is of four or five

page_text: feet in circumference, or thereabout. It is placed, when in a ship or on a
board floor, upon a large iron plate, fixed to it by three hooks, that joyn to the
three wheels, T, V, Z, so that by the help of the wheels the machine may be
moved anywhere, when unhooked. As we have mentioned that this machine
may be of a larger or smaller size, so it may exceed the five feet circum-
ference; but, however, this dimension may serve as a model for others. As
for the place for fixing the machine, and the expence for the making of it, it
entirely depends upon its size, as it may come to different prices.
It will not be amiss now briefly to review the particular advantages arising
from this machine, that we may clearly and all at once conceive the benefits.
that cooking in general will always receive. In the common way, to prepare
two or three dishes, and even only one, is attended with as much trouble and
expence in wood or coals as would serve for thirty and more dishes of different
meats, fish, or vegetables, cooked in the economical machine, so that the
saving is of great consequence, for with one shilling, for instance, you obtain
what you are not used to get for thirty; besides, whatever is done in the
machine is better relished perhaps than any other way, and at the same
time, by means of the ovens very ingeniously contrived, you may bake with the
same fire bread, biscuits, cakes, and all other pastry, as likewise may be well
roasted on a spit in the oven D, O, D, O, any common meat, venison, &e, as
another jack may easily be added. Conscious of the truth of our successfull
experiments in all the above-mentioned operations, we flatter ourselves that all
the world will appear satisfied with an Jnvention so ingenious and profitable
to mankind, and particularly to hospitals, ships that go long voyages, &c, &c.
And we beg leave to repeat that for want of fresh water the muddy and salt
ones, and urine itself, inay be used, as it is only the vapours that act upon the
whole, and consequently can have no connection with the meat that lies closed
covered up. On account of the excellent contrivance of the new invented
pots, kettles, pans, and vessels, with the same little fire, therefore, we shall be
able not only to boil, stew, roast, and bake that infinite variety of different
things, and all at the same time, but reason itself and experience show us
that there will certainly be a proper seperation of the saline sea particles by
simple distillation, that the corrupted and fetid water will become drinkable, and,
what is still more wonderfull, without hindering in the least the above-men-
tioned preparations. Those very vapours may be conveyed, raised, or brought
down at pleasure to any place or object, by only adding a perpendicular pipe B
(as may be seen in Figure 18) at the opening of the little cover N, which is
at the top of the great cover H, that embraces the circumference of the pot,
or the great balneum maria X, fixed in the principal great boiler X, H, N,

page_text: (as is explained in Figure the 5th); or in that of the cover of the boiler, with
three cocks, Figure the 1st; or, again, one of those curve tin tubes may be
added that have been described in Figure 18 with the letters B, H, N. In
short, in case any vapours should be wanting in hospitals, tents, men-of-war,
other ships, &c, it may be executed with the greatest ease in the world, even if
the machine should be fixed in a very distant room, only by the means of a
perpendicular or curve tube, like the preceding one, annexed to the opening of
the vessel R, C, Y, Figure the Tenth, which is furnished with three cocks, as
has been represented.-N.B. If to the pots, boilers, cauldrons, or coppers
commonly used in kitchens, inen-of-war, hospitals, camps, &c, is added a
cock, as that of the great copper boiler, Figure 5, and all round the top a
ring one or two jnches high, and in the room of a common cover they are
covered with a cover made in the like manner as that of Figure 7, marked H,
which covers the great copper boiler, Figure 5, and to the side of the said
cover two tubbs or reversed funnells are fixed, as those of the said great
copper boiler marked I, and likewise to the two cauldrons D, D, D, D,
Figure 9, therefore by such mode and means, with all ease, little expence, and
without altering the common fire, kitchens of houses, men-of-war, camps,
hospitals, &c, ten or twenty and more different sorts of meat, &c, may be
boiled, adding so many of the like tin pots as had been specified and are
marked M, M, with the same fire that is required to boil one pot, cauldron,
or copper only; also, in the same time, the putrid or salt water will bo made
potable, and if no water at all, by urine alone may be boiled all sorts of meat,
&c., as if it was done with fresh water.
A DESCRIPTION of the UTENSILS and SALUTARY ACCESSARIES newly
jnvented by the said Bartholomew Dominiceti, with their different
Uses in Medicated and Vapourous Baths, arbitrarily heated, in moist
and dry Fumigations, by the means of the Economical Machine, or
other like Stoves & Vessels.
Figure 1st. A this salutary machine is a recipient of water, or rather a
bath, which shall be described hereafter. Figure 2d, Y, M, O, a tube, with
a cock of the said salutary utensil, that conveys the water jmpregnated with
vegitables or minerals into one of the four kettles of the ceconomical machine,
or runs boiling into the salutary vessel markt S*, that is filled with the
necessary vegetables or minerals to medicate the water according to the nature
of the disorder. By this tube and cock is arbitrarily given the degree of heat

page_text: proper to the constitution of the patient. From the said tube, the water
runs under the great leaden piece that represents an overturned bason X, C,
situated in the center of the salutary utensil, from thence it spreads equally
through the different pipes that send it over all the bath, and thus insensibly
mixing gives an equal degree of heat and ease to all the parts of the body,
and chiefly by certain holes that are in the wooden bed Y, Y, by which method
many inconveniences arising from common baths are prevented.
Figure. 3d is the above-mentioned wooden bed, on which the patient rests
with his head on a pillow full of salutiferous herbs, with his feet in a kind of
descent; a very proper attitude for frictions and pumping, and very easy to
the patient. Y, Y, Y: this is a piece of board that by three points fixes in
three holes that joyns with the upper and inward parts of this bed, and may
be settled as the size of the patient requires, so that it may resist to the force
of the water that otherwise would raise him, and make him swim, with great
jnconvenience. Y, Y, Y, Y: this is a long brass ring made like a crucible,
without any bottom, and fixed to the bottom of the bath. Y, Z: this a brass
stopper that fixes closely in the ring and effectually keeps the water in the
bath, and when taken out it runs out in less than a minute. Z, Y, is the chain,
that passing through the hole in the wooden bed, meeting at the hole A which
remains at the bottom of the bath where the ring is fixed, and likewise through
the said hole A, makes the said stopper fall to change the water in the bath
with all ease and convenience, or diminish its quantity and quality at pleasure,
as you may supply the bath with cold or warm water by a tube and cock, as
in Figure the Second, Y, M, O. S: this is a plain cloth, fustian or oil cloth,
coverlid, that goes round a brass or wooden rod. It's use is to prevent the
effusions of the medicinal vapours, to preserve the heat of the water longer, and
decency. S, S, is an opening that draws in and out like a purse. In this
manner the patient in the bath comes out only with his face, which is of a great
service to his respiration, and makes him enjoy an agreeable atmosphere, without
hindering the vapours from penetrating and exhaling through this opening;
besides, the breast and head are not in the least danger of catching cold. In
the same bed, and the before-mentioned attitude, a patient is seen thus lying
in his bath at the three letters S, S, S. Jn the center of the same covering S
there is another opening, that is exactly like the preceding one, and of the
same use to the patient, when he cannot lye down in the bath, and then he
must be placed on a stool or a chair, with his head well covered. S, S, S, S:
this is a tube and cock, through which and the several other distinct pipes are
jntroduced the moist vapours that one of the four kettles of the grand cecono-
mical machine supplys, and which you must endeavour to have by some other

page_text: vessel, covered in the same new manner. These vapours, passing through the
salutary vessel S*, will be medicated according to the medicinal ingredients
that are put in the said vessel Sa, which shall be mentioned hereafter; so that
when the patient has been in the medicated or plain water a proper time, ther
in a minute it may be all let out, and the vapours or the volatile medicinal
parts, will enter into the said bath by the pipes and cocks S, S, S, S, that
passing through the vessel S*, make up a bath of salutary vapours very proper
for lame patients; and by adding another pipe to that of the vessel S*, that
throws the vapours in the bath, the same may be effectually and wonderfully
directed to the most afflicted part of the body, and distributed with an arbi-
trary degree of heat by the means of the cock S, S, S, S. T, Y: this
salutary utensil is a stove or vapour bath. We have given a Drawing of it all
open, and one half shutt, with the patient within it, surrounded by fumigations,
with his head in a pleasant atmosphere. It is a wooden stove lined with oil
cloth or anything else neat. T, T, Y this is the stool or common chair on
which the patient sits, in the center of the stove. The hole that you see in it
serves to convey the fumigations to the pudenda, and the said chair, about the
hole, may be more conveniently surrounded with flannel, fustian, or something
softer. T, Y, Y, are curtains that draw close to the patient's neck when his
head is out. The volatile effluvia of the vegetables and balsamic parts of
minerals, gums, and other drugs remain quite close, surrounding and acting
over all the body, as it appears in Figure T, Y. As for the doors and windows
that appear with their little openings, they are of the same use as the chair:
another salutary utensil, Figure V. The same must be understood about the
intention and effect of the pipe and cock X, to introduce in the said stove the
vaporous fumigations, to encrease and diminish their heat at pleasure, as like-
wise in regard to the baths, by the vapours S, S, S, S. Between the bedstead
I, I, C, there is a leaden box Z, K, R, half a foot wide. The elasticity of the
bracings of the bedstead, on which is placed a mattrass or feather bed, causes
such an inflection by the weight of the body laying upon it that between the
bed and leaden box it leaves only a distance of an jnch out of three it had
before the patient laid on it. This salutary bed being so near the leaden box
makes the patient receive the temperate and continual heat of the water con-
tained in the box. The same heat spreads itself equally to all the body, arms,
sides, &c. of the patient, and facilitates in this manner a general pleasant per-
spiration. It must be owned that by introducing the heat, vapours, or dry
fumes in the very bed where the patient lies, he certainly feels and enjoys the
effects of them in a more efficatious and expeditious manner. All the neces-
sary water for this leaden box may be drawn out of the kettle of the grand

page_text: machine or any other vessel appointed for that purpose; but, however,
care must be taken that such vessels should be placed at least an
nch higher than the cock X, H, that is joyned to the upper end of the
bed I, I, C; and when it begins to lose its heat, after six or eight hours, it may
be drawn out by another cock D, H, and be renewed as often as you please.
Figure 4. D: the covering, which the patient does not touch, but is seen
under the common bed cloaths, as in a kind of cradle over his body. It is
filled with vapours, impregnated with vegetables or peculiar moist and dry
gums and minerals, that invest the whole frame; and all the ambient vapours
being free, and the circulation of the blood and lymph gently encreased with
the least violence, they form a pleasant natural transfusion of all the bad and
destructive humours, in virtue of the balsamic and salutiferous particles of the
minerals and vegetables, so that the most inveterate chronic and dangerous
disorders very easily and conveniently are effectually cured with the same fire
and water that serve to dress victuals or for other uses, and all this exactly in
the same time. W is the frame on which is tacked or tied with little ribbons
the said covering. It may be made of wood or copper, and covered with
cloth, linnen, bays, or oil cloth, which is the best.
Figure 5. This salutary machine is like a sedan chair, that forms a dry stove,
together with a bath of moveable vapours. It is lined with lead or copper,
very little distant from its circumference both at the top and bottom, and has
at each side a common chair pole. This little box is covered on the outside first
with thin wood and then with black leather, or any other colour, and in the
inside lined with cloth, oil cloth, or anything else. Water is jntroduced into it
by the pipe and cock X, A, X, in the same manner as in the other leaden box
under the bed H, S. When you want to keep this chair quite close, you may
do it by shutting the glass door R, S, C. In the center of this door there is a
little window S, O, S, made on purpose to give air at pleasure, and likewise
to diminish or encrease the heat proceeding from the water contained in the
leaden box, or from those moist or dry fumigations that are jntroduced by the
pipe and cock X, and surround all the body with those balsamic volatile
particles that they imbibe in passing through the salutary vessel S*, where
they have been put, suitable to the nature of the disorder. The same may
done with the stove T, Y. A, B, X: this is the figure of an under passage,
through which the patient goes to sit on that chair or stove. We shall
mention by and by a little fire machine that works by the means of the little
ceconomical machine. Its use is to convey to that chair the fumigations
necessary to recover or preserve health. S, O, S, are two windows through
which you send the patient's cloaths, that he may dress himself without stirring
be

page_text: from his chair. By opening them a little, he has the advantage of the air, and
may receive some liquor, medicines, towels for frictions, or anything else
used for the relief of patients. The same may be produced through the
window S, O, S, in the stove T, Y. Q, N, Q, are four wheels, by which the
chair or stove properly fixt is moved at pleasure. This new method of ad-
ministring of arbitrarily inedicated baths with moist and dry vapours directed
to all the human frame, or any particular afflicted part of it, with the won-
derful convenient contrivance of the economical machine, bed chair, leaden
boxes, stoves, &c., &c., being supported by jnnumerable experiments and indis-
putable authorities, shews to be one of the most jnuocent, easy, pleasant,
rational, safe, efficatious, and sure remedys that have been discovered hitherto
in the practice of physick, to relieve the afflicted in general.
Figure 6. This is a long tin pipe, without cover, and joyns to the vessell S*.
which contains a certain quantity of vegetables and minerals. This long pipe
is placed under the covering in the forme of a cradle, Figure the 4th, D, and
thereby are conveyed any vapours or fumigations without wetting the bed or
bed cloaths, which would certainly happen if the watry substance did not fall
to the bottom of the box, Figure 7, F, H, F. Jnto the extremity of the pipe
opposite to the box is jntroduced the tin tube Sr, and from thence into another
tube opposite the end of the pipe belonging to the salutary machine R, S, S.
S*, S: this is a little jron box that receives a little square red hot jron S*, T,
from whence it is drawn by a pair of pincers on purpose. See the Figure.
On this piece of iron are laid some gums, balsams, minerals, and other drugs,
made up in the form of a cake, which produce the dry fumes. These, amalga-
mating with the volatile parts of the effluvia, become the best medicinal power
that can be jnvented to open the pores of the skin, dissolve obstructions,
tumours, and collosities, new cancers and ulcers, sweeten the blood and lymph,
and, in short, bring to and keep in a regular motion the circulation of the fluids.
T, K, V: this is the entire body of the little economical machine, which is a
diminutive of the great one. It is filled with water instead of meat, and boils
as effectually as a balneum maria. The vapours exhaling from it enter the
mouth of the large pipe B of the machine A, S, S. To the two conduits I, I,
from whence come out the vapours of the great boiler, may be added one, two,
and even more than six tin vessels, as has been mentioned in Figure the 12th,
F, M, B, A; and in these may be cooked, and, by adding ovens, baked, any-
thing, as in the great machine, and all sorts of waters will be rendered sweet
and drinkable. T, Y, K: these, again, are two other machines still smaller
than the preceeding one. For the convenience of the poor they take but a
little room, and may be kept in a chamber, in a fire place, or in the kitchen, and

page_text: may be used for secret operations in both sexes, as shall be mentioned hereafter.
It is necessary to take notice that the salutary utensil S, R, S, is different in its
structure from that of Figure R, S, S, joyned to the first little machine T, K,. V,
and that the widest end of it is closely fixed in the upper opening of the small
double kettle drawn under the above-mentioned utensil S, R, S. Its cock S, C, O,
preserves the full power of the vapours and dry fumes, and serves to diminish
when necessary the quality and quantity of the same. The least end of it
communicates with the cock of a chair made in the shape of a little horse,
marked B, X, B, by several pipes that are lengthened in proportion to the
distance from one to the other machine, in case they should be in two different
rooms, suppose the economical in the kitchen, and the salutary one in the
first floor or at the top of the house. When the pudenda and parts adjacent
are affected by some disorder, then recourse must be had to the little horse or
chair B, X, B, lined with lead. The patient bestrides it, and has a good support
to his back. In its bason are contained the necessary moist and dry vapours,
which the patient guides himself, encreasing and diminishing the heat at
pleasure by turning the cock at the back of the chair 0, 0, 0. There is another
cock I, Y, I, that lets out the water produced by the vapours, and then it may
be cleaned. 1, 2, 3: these are three machines that form a common glyster pipe,
which you may use yourself; it serves likewise to make jnjections in the anus,
urethra, bladder, vagina, &c., &c. 4: this is a pewter or china bason that serves
as a pan, and is placed in the above-mentioned chair. 5. This is a ring that is
put on the chair proportionedly covered with cloth filled with some cotton, to
prevent coriation. This ring keeps the vapours from exhaling. After this
distinct jnnumeration it is very easy to conceive that every patient may use
these machines and chair with the help of a servant alone, who has no other
trouble than to take out and replace in the iron box the red hot piece S*, T;
the patient in all other respects may do everything by himself, and if even
obliged to keep his bed this machine will not trouble him in the least. The
following are necessary implements to be used in the many and too common
disorders incident to the human body. When the head is affected must be
applied the salutary utensil, No. 1; if it should be in any part of the face, or
all over it, No. 2. The kind of trumpet Y, Y, Y, Y, that is within it, moves
at pleasure, and so causes an easy respiration, and hinders not the patient
from speaking. You may change as often as you please the cover of it,
which is lined with silk, velvet, linnen, or any other stuff. There are
glasses for light. If ever the disorder should be in the mouth, around it,
or affect only the sight, then No. 3 must be taken; if the neck, No. 4;
if the parts below the abdomen, the scrotum, the vagina, &c., are the

page_text: subject of complaint, No. 5 will answer the purpose; if the pironeum
or anus, No. 6; for the shoulders, No. 7; for the arms, elbows, and
hands, or only one of them, No. 8; for the thighs, No. 9; for the
knees, No. 10, which is drawn shut and open, from whence it appears
that you may introduce moist and dry fumigations on each side and
under, as likewise the hand, through the little hole, to perform the usual
frictions; for the legs at last, and feet, No. 11. All these salutary utensils,
and others of the same kind for the benefit of health, are made of tin, whale-
bone, wood, or jron, and therefore must be covered with something soft, in
order not to hurt the affected parts they are applied to, which will prevent at
the same time the fumes from evaporating.
Figure 8. D, X, O: this is a flexable hollow-sounding catheter of copper or
silver for both sexes, made in the following manner:-First of all you must
flatten with a hammer a silver or copper wire as to render it a pliable and
fine lamina, or with what is generally used in making plate button holes.
This lamina is represented by R, B. When this is so prepared, take a round
well polished and oil'd piece or wire of the size of the catheter you intend to
make for the different uses, and cover with this wire, by the help of the
finger, vice, mill, or any other means, all the circumference in length as you
would do a straw toath pick case. The wire afterwards is drawn out, and
remains a hollow pliable pipe. But when injections or fumigations are to
be conveyed to the bladder, only one half the copper or silver wire shall be
flattened, and the rest will more easily move about and slide into it. V, I:
This is a little silver pipe with holes round it. H, L markes another larger
silver pipe fastned to the extremity of the catheter. The body of the said
catheter is covered with one or more very small guts of a lamb or birds,
which is certainly the most effectual way in point of catheters. This necessary
jnstrument will jntroduce in a surprizing manner, without the least difficulty,
into the urethra, anus, vagina, matrix, bladder, or any other parts, all medicinal
injections, and the most volatile and balsamic particles of minerals and
vegetables, as the nature of a thousand disorders requires, which for want of a
safe and easy method are given out as incurable. S, P: this is the jnstrument
or stillett that goes into the catheter to give it more consistance and keep it clean.
Before the sounding jnstrument is joyned to the common pipe of a syringe or
the salutary utensils for fumigations, E, Q, N, X, or to that marked by
R, S, S, it must be introduced into the urethra, anus, &c, then immediately
the pipe of the syringe, or of the salutary utensil S, C, Z, or R, S, S, may
be fixt into the upper tube of the catheter.
Figure 9. Q, E, N, O: this is the salutary utensil E, Q, N, X, a triangular

page_text: vapours
tin plate, Q, E, N, which is joyned to the body of the utensil E, Q, N, X,
which, by being covered with an oil cloth, hides its structure. We shall endea
vour to give a description of it in the best manner we can. Under this oil cloth
there is a wire spring in the form like that of a little powder puff, and is not unlike
it except in length and breadth, thicker at the beginning, and diminishing as
the
it lengthens, a very proper form to contain, attract, and convey
it
receives. At the mouth X of the triangular pipe Q, E, N, there is tied a little
cotton or wooll pillow, to which hangs a wire that forms the puff, and so the tin
pipe when hot cannot communicate the heat to the wire, the vapours therefore
enter into the body of the utensil E, Q, N, X, and comes out by the little
pipe S, C, Z, tied likewise to the wire, which pipe, meeting the large tube of
the catheter H, L, prevents the vapours from heating the sounding jnstrument
applied to the above-mentioned afflicted parts. S, C, Z: this is the aforesaid
silver pipe, of about two or three inches long, that fits exactly oither of the
catheters D, X, O, which, for their great use in both sexes, will be an
everlasting honour to surgery.
N.B. In order to be sure of the quantity of dry and vaporous fumes sent
to the bladder, that it may not stretch it, you must take out the squirt of the
syringe, and, after having put in as much as you think proper, shut, and begin
the fumigating jujection as an jnjection of any medicinal liquor.
Figure 10. T, C, H: This is a pewter vessel that somewhat resembles a
half boot. It is all surrounded by two plates about two or four fingers distant
from one another. It filled with warm water by the pipe N, E, N, and forms
only one recipient from one of the kettles of the economical machine, or any
other. It keeps warm for about eight hours, and may be replenished by the
said conduit N, E, N, which is shut by a screw, having let out the old water
by the cock A, A, to which may be added another pipe to make it run as far
as you please. The center of this salutary utensil, as well as of those that are
applied to any part of the body, is all lined with flannel, tied at the opening **
through the rings x, x, x, x, x; the knees and legs may be covered with
anything warm; and it has been found of immediate relief and excellent
remedy, nay, a certain cure, for the gout, nervous contractions, exquisite pains,
and other dreadfull disorders that seize too often the extream parts of the body
in this kingdom. The vapours may be taken from either of these salutary
5 utensils S, R, S, by the tube O, O, S, x, of the economic little machines, or
from either of the 4th kettle of the great one, whose vapours enter into the
boot, and surround the leggs, feet, or any other parts of the body. This machine
is so well contrived that use may be made of it without the least inconvenience,
at sea, in a coach or a post chaise, in bed, in a study, or in a closet. It would

page_text: be necessary to give a more precise description of the other salutary utensils,
made much in the same manner; but will suffice to say that they are
made of pewter, copper, lead, or any other metals suitable to the afflicted
parts. R, Y, C, T, for instance, serves for the stomach; T, C, Y, R, for parts
below the abdomen, and is of infinite service to the disorders of those regions;
Y, R, C, I, suits wonderfully the knee, and E, R, Y, C, embraces all the hand,
part of the arm, and the elbow itself; so that we may confidently assert that no
machines upon earth were ever so well contrived for the benefit of mankind.
OF DISTILLATION.-CHAPTER THE THIRD.
A, A: This is the same stove of the grand economical machine R, K, A, x,
this is likewise the same chimney, to which are annexed the two above-
mentioned vessels D, B, D, B, see Figure the 9th in the First Chapter; and
over these the great cauldron R, C, Y, with the three cocks C, C, C, and in
the body of the said stove A, A, there is fixt the great boiler D, B, D, B, but,
however, without the pot H, X. The bottom is different, and instead of the
same cover there is another, in the shape of a chymical cucurbit, x, D, D, B, D.
In these four vessels thus prepared anything may be distilled; and it appears
beyond all doubt that instead of three different distillations, generally used in
three times, by this Jnvention it is performed in one, and it saves ten parts out of
twelve in coals, wood, or other fuel, besides the infinite advantage of a continual
distillation, with small vessels, little fire, and less trouble. When the first and
second distillation only are wanting, it will be sufficient to take away one of the
kettles D, B, D, B, Figure the Ninth; if the first distillation alone, both the
kettles may be removed; for with the great cauldron alone in the stove, and
the upper one R, C, Y, a perpetual distillation is equally obtained at little
expence. Besides, if you have a mind to add to the side of the stove A, A, the
above-mentioned ovens, and put in any of the three kettles, instead of liquors
to be distilled, meat, water, or anything else, then you will have again the
samic operations as mentioned in the beginning of this treatic, viz, boiling,
stewing, purifying waters, baking, and likewise roasting, by the addition of one
of the vessels M, M, Figure the Eleventh, fixt to the neck of the chymical
cucurbit, that has nothing to do with distillation.
In order to make a proper, cheap, and expeditious distillation, it will be
necessary to follow these rules:-First of all you will put the quantity that is
to be distilled into any vessel, and at a proper distance, provided the bottom of
the vat or other recipient be an inch higher than the cauldron R, C, Y. To
this bottom is fixt a tube, through which may run the distillable liquor, and
fall into the small conduit X that lies under the cover at the opening L, O, R,

page_text: of the kettle R, C, Y. This tube, near the place where it enters into the opening,
must have a cock, to increase and diminish the quantity of the distillable
matter that is to enter the cauldron, and by falling cold into the little conduit X,
then running into the cauldron at the opening L, O, R, almost boiling, it
mixes with the boiling distillable matter that has been put there before. The
same matter must likewise be put at first in the great cauldron situated in the
stove. In the first kettle, Figure the Ninth, D, B, D, B, there must be some
liquor once distilled, and in the second (see the same Figure) some twice
distilled, which is to be distilled another time. L, P, H: this is the stone or
brickwork on which the stove is properly fixt. Q, C, O: this is the great
cock, like that with the mark Z, R, M, that penetrates into the body of the
stove, and screws into the alembic or copper kettle D, B, D, B. C, C, C, are
the three cocks, placed at a proper distance round the above-mentioned
cauldron R, C, Y; but at the cock C, C, C *, there hangs a separate tube,
whose opposite end meets the tube X, X, X, X, of the great cauldron, as was
said before, and conveys the distillable matter. The second cock C, C, C,
keeps in the liquor as well as the other, and serves to draw out the sediments
caused by distillation. L, O, R: this is the conduit of the great opening K,
by which one sees and directs the distillable matter that falls in the inside of
the pipe X, which is afterwards properly shut with the cover N, to prevent the
least exhalation. R, K, A: this is the great jron funnel, cast together with the
stove A, A, to which is joyned an iron tube of equal or less diameter, marked
R, K, A, . W, are wide round openings that form the center of the two
kettles or alembics and that of the upper cauldron, and fix themselves in the
great conduit or funnell R, K, A, and the iron tube R, K, A. D, B, D, B:
these may be called the alembic in the center of the chimney, in which is
distilled again the liquor of the first alembic x B, D, after the first distil-
lation; and in the other alembic D, B, D, B, under the center vessel, where
liquors are distilled the second time, is performed the third distillation that
falls afterwards into the reservoir O, F, C. P, R: this is the neck of the
capital x D, B, D, B, of the first alembic D, B, D, B, that goes across the
liquor that distils warm, and passes by its conduit into the cooling one T, C, M,
and runs cold to the small entrance X, X, X, X, over the warm copper, from
whence falling very soon it begins to warm, and by degrees, almost boiling,
mixes with the boiling one, and in this manner no jnterposition suspends the
operation of the second distillation. E, L: this is the neck of the second
alembic, through which the liquor passing, as the preceding one, into the
second cooling vessel X, C, E, distills cold as far as the entrance of recipient
X, X, X, X, the third alembic, where, warming itself by degrees, grows

page_text: boiling hot, fit for the third distillation. L, E, at last, is the neck of the third
alembic, D, B, D, B, Figure the 9th, where liquors are distilled the third
time, after having passed through the last cooling vessell M, A, D, and from
thence into the last recipient A, M, E, which is found under a cock of this
third alembic. O, F, C, is the grand reservoir, with its cock R, L, to draw
the liquor from it into any other vessel. B, O, S: this is the open front of the
hole in the box of the three cooling above-mentioned vessels, that by acting so
very frequently (viz*, about twenty times) afford a great deal of time for the
liquor to cool. G, E, R: this is a common pump that makes water ascend
from a cistern or well into a leaden or wooden bason D, O, R, from whence
the water, by a very violent descent, runs into three different leaden conduits
R, R, R, to renew continually the cold water in the cooling vessels; and from
thence the same water, running through the respective pipes A, Q, F, returns
into the cistern or well from whence it came.
BARTHOLOMEW DOMINICETI.