CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WELDING CAST STEEL WITH IRON, STEEL, CAST IRON, AND OTHER METALS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to François Felix Verdié, Manufacturer, of
Lorette, Department of Loire, in the French Empire, for the
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WELDING CAST STEEL WITH
IRON, STEEL, CAST IRON, AND OTHER METALS."
Sealed the 5th July 1853, and dated the 12th April 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said François Felix
Verdié at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 12th April 1853.
I, FRANCOIS FELIX VERDIE, Manufacturer, of Lorette, Department of
Loire, in the French Empire, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WELDING CAST STEEL WITH
IRON, STEEL, CAST IRON, AND OTHER METALS," to be as follows:-
My process of welding cast steel on to other metals is as follows:-
The metal to which the steel is to be welded is heated to a nearly
white heat; it is then moved in powdered borax, and afterwards placed
in a mould which is of the form interiorally of the finished article
required, and the cast steel in a fluid state is then run in around the
metal so as to fill the mould.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said François Felix Verdié, in the Great Seal Patent
Office, on the 7th October 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
FRANÇOIS FELIX VERDIÉ, Manufacturer, of Lorette, Departinent of
Loire, in the French Empire, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the six-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said François Felix Verdié, Her special
licence that I, the said François Felix Verdié, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said François Felix
Verdié, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WELDING CAST STEEL WITH IRON, STEEL,
CAST IRON, AND OTHER METALS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said François Felix Verdié, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said François Felix Verdié, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof (that is to say):
The article on to which cast steel is to be welded (made of wrought
iron, cast iron, steel, or other metal) is heated to a red heat; then
covered with borax and placed in a mould, leaving a space around the
article of the size of the coating of steel which it is desired to attach;

page_text: then immediately the cast steel in a fluid state is run into the mould
on the article to be coating. The whole is then allowed to cool, and the
union between the metals will be found to be complete. Supposing, for
example, that it is desired to manufacture the tyre of a railway wheel,
having a face of cast steel, a ring or circle of tyre iron is prepared in
any ordinary manner, slightly smaller than the intended tyre; this is
to be heated in a reverbatory furnace to a bright red, almost to a
white heat, and then covered with borax by being moved about in a
box containing powdered borax. The heated tyre is then placed in a
mould of loam or sand, such as is usually employed for casting articles
of iron, and which is so formed as to leave a vacuity round the circum-
ference of the extent of the desired coating of steel, say about of
an inch. Great care must be taken to place the tyre concentrically in
this mould, so that the cast steel may be equally distributed round the
circumference. Into this mould the cast steel (which has been melted
in a neighbouring furnace) is poured, and when the article is cool it will
be found that the adhesion of the steel surface or coating is complete.
Afterwards the tyre is finished, to the exact size required, by rolling
between rollers, the inner one of which is cylindrical, and the outer one
is grooved to the form of the flanche of the tyre. Other articles of
wrought iron may in the same way be coated with steel, such as rails
for railways, piston rods, and articles of a similar nature. It is de-
sirable in all cases to submit articles, after coating as above explained,
to a rolling or a hammering process to make the weld more complete.
For welding cast steel on the articles of cast iron, the process is similar,
but the heat should not be so great as for wrought iron; a cherry red
will be sufficient. The heated' article, coated with borax, is placed in a
mould, leaving a space of the size and shape of the required coating;
the melted steel is poured into the mould, and the article is afterwards
hammered. This process is very applicable to giving the steel face to
anvils, which are afterwards tempered in the ordinary manner.
For welding cast steel on to articles made of steel the process is
exactly similar to that already described for wrought iron.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not

page_text: confine myself to the precise details described; but what I claim is
the method herein described of welding cast steel with iron, steel,
cast iron, and other metals by first heating the article, then coating
with borax, and afterwards pouring cast steel on to it when in a suit-
able mould, and then subjecting it to a rolling or haminering process.
In witness whereof, I, the said François Felix Verdié, hath here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of September, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
FRANCOIS FELIX VERDIÉ. (L.S.)
Witness, N. ARMENGAUD, Ing' Civil,
Rue du Fille du Calvaire, 6,
à Paris.