A MACHINE FOR TWISTING, WINDING, AND DOUBLING C.TTON AND WooL
Year: 1795

page_text: ATHERTON'S SPECIFICATION..
TO ALL TO WHOM, THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
ATHERTON, of, Hunter Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engine
Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-ninth day of January, in the thirty-fifth year of His
reign, give and grant unto me, the said Peter Atherton, His especial. licence,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Peter Atherton, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend my.
Invention of "A MACHINE FOR TWISTING, WINDING, AND DOUBLING C.TTON AND
WooL," in a better and more expeditious manner than heretofore, within that
part of His Majesty's Kingdom of Great Britain called England, Dominion
of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all His Colonies
and Plantations abroad, in such manner as to me, the said Peter Atherton,
my executors, administrators, or assigns, should in our discretion seem meet;
in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me, the
said Peter Atherton, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instru-
ment, in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be inrolled
in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within one calendar month.next
immediately after the date of these Letters Patent, as in and by the same, rela-
tion being thereunto had, may more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, 1, the said
Peter Atherton, do hereby declare that the above said Invention consists of
additions and improvements to a machine for twisting, winding, and doubling
silk, cotton, and wool, for the use, exercise, and vending whereof, His most
Excellent Majesty King George tho Third did, by His Letters Patent under
the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster, the Fifth day
of July, in the thirty-second year of His reign, give and grant unto me Flis
especial licence; and that the Plan hereunto annexed is a plan of the several
parts of my said presont Invention, in addition to and as alterations of and
improvements on my said former Invention, and that the following description
is a particular description thereof, and of the nature and manner in which
the same is to be performed.
THE DESCRIPTION OF THE ABOVE SAID ADDITIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS.
No. 1 is a view of one of the two wind wings or sides, made of iron or any
other metal or strong substanco. M, holes for screws to fasten the sides on;
N, holes to screw on the inside plates. The groove (marked) may be made
inclining, is appears by the dotted lines. No. 2 is a view of one of the
two inside plates; the screw holes are marked N. No. 3 is a view of one
of the two weights, mado of iron or any other metal or heavy substance, for
pressing the bobbin to the fluted wood roller by hanging the weights on the
pivots of the bobbins on which the article is wound. These weights may be
niade in any other form to answer the same purpose, provided they press at
the same time the same weight, or nearly so, on each pivot of the bobbin.
The necessary pressure may be performed by any sort of springs, which
press at the same time nearly the same weight on each pivot of the bobbin.
When springs are used instead of weights, the springs which answer the
purpose the best are strong watch springs, or wire worm springs, such as
are used to house bells. The pressure for most common uses that is neces-
sary to be laid on the pivots of the bobbin by weights or springs is from two
to three ounces on each pivot, but more pressure is necessary when the bobbin
is required to be hard wound, and less pressure is sufficient when the bobbin
'is required to be slacker wound. No. 4 is a train of wheels to turn the fluted
'wood rollers, which train is marked 1 A, 18 teeth; 2 A, 26 teeth; 3 A, 18
teeth; and 4 A, 18 teeth. The small circles in the centres of the above-
'mentioned wheels shew the pivots on which they turn. No. 5 is a view of a
centrifugal guard, which varies from No. 3 in my late Specification of an
Invention, for which a Patent was granted to me, dated the Fifth of July, in
the thirty-second year of the present King's reign, by the fan part being

page_text: longer, and pierced through in the form of an arch, from a to a. No. 5A
is an edge view of No. 5. No. 6 is a centrifugal guard, of the same kind as
No. 5, and only differs from it by having a straight lined groove pierced
through, from B to B, instead of an arched one. No. 7 is one of the two
fluted wood rollers, with a small wheel on the end of one of its pivots. This
roller is marked R, and the other is supposed to be marked S. No. 8 is the
old roving bobbin with wire pivots.
The manner in which the parts are put together:-No. 1, the two wind
▸ wings or sides are fixt in the places of the two wind wings described in my
aforesaid Specification by screws at M, M, M, M, M, M; the holes marked
N are for screws to fasten on the inside plates No. 2. The inside plates are
fixed by screws at about half an inch distance from No. 1, at N, N, N, No. 3.
The weights are fixed on the sides of No. 1, passing through two loops at
E, E, so freely as not to impede the gravity of their weight when they bang
on the pivots of the bobbin No. 8, which pivots pass through the groves of
No. 1 at F. The stud G is to stop the weight from falling below its useful
situation. The horn H is to prevent the weights turning from their proper
situation, the stud fastened in the weights at I is to lift them up by to hang
them on the pivots of the bobbins No. 8, at F. No. 4, the train of wheels
marked 1A, 2A, 3A, and 4A, are placed between No. 1, one of the sides
or wind wings, and one of the inside plates No. 2, and turn on their pivots at
P, P, P, P. The wheel 1A is placed on the end of the cross shaft of the
old octagon twisting and winding box, which enters between No. 2, the inside
plate, and the side No. 1, at Q, and turns 2A, and 2A turns 3A, and also
4A. No. 5 & 6-The centrifugal guards are fixed in the same manner
and place as No. 3 in my aforesaid Specification. No. 7: Two fluted
wood rollers R, and supposed S, are placed in the inside plates No. 2, hanging
by their pivots in spaces cut for reception at K, K, and are turned by 3A
and 4A acting in the small wheels on the end of their pivots. The necessary
motion of the fluted wood rollers may be produced by various numbers of
teeth in the wheels of the train, and different numbers of teeth in the small
wheels on the pivots of the fluted rollers. The required motion of the fluted
wood rollers are, that each of their peripherys shall pass through the same
space in the same time as the periphery of the front fluted iron roller of the
old roving machine, which delivers the materials to be twisted and wound.
When the motion of the said front fluted iron roller of the old roving machine
is altered to go quicker or slower by the number of teeth in the wheel thereon,
and also by a different number of teeth in the shaft pinion which gives it
motion, then it will be necessary to alter the number of teeth in the small

page_text: wheels on the pivots of tho fluted wood rollers, or in one or more of the train
wheels, in order that the periphery of each of the fluted wood,rollers may
keep pace with the motion of the periphery of the said fluted iron roller. "If
the roller supposed to be marked S is taken away, the machine will perform
without it. The article to be doublo twisted and wound passes from the
rollers of the old roving machine through the tube in the centrifugal guards
No. 5 and 6, and also through the groves A, A, and B, B, then through the eye
of the vibrating lever, and returns under the bottom edge of No. 5- and 6
to the bobbin No. 8, on which it is to be wound. Only one of No. 5 and 6,
the centrifugal guards, can be placed in the machine, or 'be used at one and
the same time. The action and use of the 'machinery above described, tho
said machinery being placed and put' together as above described, is put-in
motion.by the same causo and in the same manner as the twisting, winding,
and doubling machine for which a Patent was granted to me on the Fifth day
of July, in the thirty-second year of His present Majesty's reign. The advan-
tages of this, my said Invention, are, it completely protects the articlo in twisting
and winding from damage by the wind of its own motion and centrifugal force
when turned with a greater degree of velocity than any other twisting and
winding machine will bear. The form of this machine, together with the
velocity at which it runs, produces a centrifugal force, which assists in conveying
the article in, in twisting and winding to the bobbin No. 8; which receives it.
The centripedal force is more or less, in proportion to the machine's motion,
and also in proportion to the need of that force, to convey the article to the
bobbin, and thereby prevents the said article from being stretched, broke,
and wasted. The said machine twists and winds rovings, and other slack
twisted yarns, threads, and cords, quicker, better, and at a less expence than
any other twisting and winding machine. The above parts are drawn at full
size, which is a middle one; they may be made on a larger or smaller scale,
to suit, coarser or finer rovings, yarns, threads, and cords, and will produce the
same good effect: ...
.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Atherton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the 'Nineteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand seven hundred and ninety-five.
: f.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Nineteenth day of
February, in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid Peter Atherton came
before our Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of
the Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the Twenty first day of February, in the year above written.
is yoar above wit