Improved Composition for the Manufacture of Artificial Stone, Cement, and the like.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Dec., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 7th Oct., 1898-Accepted, 19th Nov., 1898
Date of Application, 7th Dec., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 7th Oct., 1898-Accepted, 19th Nov., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Composition for the Manufacture of Artificial Stone,
Cement, and the like.
I, HERMAN WILHELM GRUNER, of Vienna I Karnthnerring 6, and presently
residing at No. 145, Leith Street, Edinburgh, North Britain, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an improved composition for the manufacture of
artificial stone, cement, and the like. It can be used as a building material or
for making stone or cement flooring, roofing, paving and the like.
My invention consists in fine grounding sand, or cork or sawdust, or ashes,
or other suitable material and making the material into a plastic mass by the
addition of certain chemicals.
For a block one metre square by two centimetres thick, I take 4 kilogrammes
of calcined magnesia, finely powdered.
4 kilogrammes of chloride of magnesium diluted in
a solution of 30 degrees Beaumé.
litres of water; giving
A quarter of a litre of solution of sulphate of zinc in water at 30 degrees
Beaumé.
70 cubic centimetres of acetic acid.
30 cubic centimetres of isinglass soap dissolved in methylated spirits of wine,
in the proportion of 10 grammes of soap to 100 grammes of spirits of wine.
In using the above the liquids are first mixed together, and after the calcined
magnesia is mixed with the sand, ground cork, sawdust, ashes or whatever material is
required for the production of the particular kind of artificial stone, or cement
or flooring, or roofing, or such like desired, then this liquid mixture is added to
the mixed magnesia and ashes or other substances. The whole is worked into
a plastic mass and put into moulds or spread out as required and allowed to
bind, set and dry.
When sand is mixed with the composition it makes an excellent artificial stone
of great hardness, impervious to water and fireproof. This stone can be made
in blocks of any size and moulded to any shape.
Mixed with sand it can also be used for flooring or paving for machine rooms,
yards, passages or thoroughfares where there is much and heavy traffic.
When sawdust is mixed with the composition it makes an excellent material
for floorings, which can if required be made in one piece on the spot. This
material is waterproof, does not shrink, nor does it expand. It is in a very high
degree proof against all liquids such as water. even acids of any kind, and against
fire. It can be used with advantage for flooring in hospitals, barracks, churches,
factories, kitchens, workrooms and such like and for the flooring of decks on ships.
When both ashes and sawdust are mixed with the composition an excellent
isolating material is produced which is in a very high degree fireproof and un-
affected by acids. It can be moulded into tiles which can be screwed on a frame
work of wood or iron and used for the construction of walls, barracks, railway

page_text: guardhouses, magazines, villas being especially suitable for barracks and houses
in the Colonies, and for workrooms and factories. It can also be used for roof
tiles, and is an excellent substitute for flooring in factories. Being very light
it can be used in blocks of large area and this less frame work is required. By
imbedding wire netting or the like in the composition whilst it is being made
or moulded additional strength and tenacity is obtained.
A mixture of ashes, sawdust and sand gives an excellent substitute for asphalt
pavement, for laying in thoroughfares, factories, yards and streets.
Fine cork dust mixed with the composition is an excellent substitute for
linoleum and unlike linoleum it is uninflammable.
The said composition with fine cork dust incorporated with it may also take
place of the ordinary wood block flooring with the advantage over wood block
flooring in that it is jointless and more silent to the tread.
The material whether sand, ashes, sawdust or cork or two or more of them be
used can be laid anywhere as it adheres tenaciously to any kind of ground, sand
or stone, and to wood, glass, or metal. It can be dyed in any colour and can be
laid in patterns.
Cork in bigger grains may be used for the making of building material in the
shape of bricks or tiles; it is very isolating, fireproof, and although very light,
highly resisting to pressure. The material can be moulded in any shape and
can be used for the construction of isolating and fireproof walls and partitions
for houses, villas, and barracks, being especially suitable for houses and barracks
in the Colonies. Large tiles can be made to be screwed in woodwork or iron
frame work, or entire walls can be made in one piece, and on the spot.
By embedding wire netting, or the like, in the composition whilst it is being
made or moulded, additional strength and tenacity is obtained.
Sand of any kind can be mixed with the composition and turned into orna-
ments of any colour, of great hardness and resistance. Floors can be made in
one piece, and by grinding or rubbing down the surface an excellent mottled
surface can be produced, which does not crank like an ordinary cement made
floor.
.
A wall or partition or floor or such like, may also be made with two or it may
be three thicknesses each of a different composition, for example a flooring or
wall may be made with a stratum of composition having say ground ashes in-
corporated in it with an upper stratum having ground cork incorporated with it.
Or a wall, or partition or such like, may be made with an outer and inner frame
work of slabs with ashes used in the making of the composition; and the space
between the two filled in with a light isolating substance such as moss litter or
the like.
JOHNSONS,
Petitioner's Agents, 115, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow.
Improved Composition for the Manufacture of Artificial Stone,
Cement, and the like.
I, HERMAN WILHELM GRUNER, of Vienna I Karnthnerring 6, Engineer,
and c/o Messrs. Johnsons, Chartered Patent Agents, 115, St. Vincent Street,
Glasgow, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
This invention relates to an improved composition for the manufacture of

page_text: artificial stone, cement, and the like such as is used for making floors, roofs,
walls and the like, in one piece in the position to be occupied by same but which
composition may also be used for the manufacture of slabs for floorings, ceilings,
roofs, and walls, also for bricks and the like made in the factory and sent to the
different places where required.
The invention consists in the addition of certain chemicals, forming my im-
proved composition, to all kinds of waste materials such as sand, sawdust, ashes,
burned refuse of towns, powdered cork waste, etc. the building materials thus
produced standing a great deal of pressure, whilst at the same time being highly
waterproof and resisting in a very high degree fire and the influence of acids.
These foregoing properties are obtained by the special combination of the
chemicals hereinafter mentioned, Similar processes, though known, have not
given such satisfaction in practical use.
The composition is made out of a magnesium oxychloride cement, partly with
zinc (sulphate of zinc) or other hard metallic salt. This cement has the
peculiarity of being a slow binding one, which is very essential, and which quality
is obtained by the special process of mixing the chemicals consisting of chloride
of magnesium and metal salts which form silicates, and oleates with the addition
of a solution of isinglass soap in methylated spirits and a volatile organic acid,
such as acetic acid.
The solution of isinglass soap is very essential as an addition of isinglass alone
would make a fast binding cement, getting hard before the filling materials are
mixed with it and brought or formed into the shape required.
Calcined magnesia is mixed with the filling materials in a quantity according
to the hardness desired.
The composition of the liquid consists of a solution of chloride of magnesium
of 30° B. or 49° Twaddle, of this is taken 4 litres; to this there is added a
solution of sulphate of zinc of 30° B. or 49° Twaddle, th of a litre. To this is
added acetic acid of 80% 70 cubic centimetres or seven-tenths of a gill.
Further there is added a solution of 100 cubic centimetres of isinglass soap in
methylated spirits (10 grammes of soap ===== 6'2 drams, in 100 grammes 3*5 oz.
of methylated spirit.
==
After the filling material is well mixed with the calcined magnesia the above
described solution of chemicals is added, and well mixed, and the composition
used for laying floors, or the like, or formed in the shape it is desired to take and
afterwards left to settle, bind, and dry.
The foregoing composition may be mixed with all kinds of waste materials such
as sand, sawdust, ashes, powdered cork waste, powdered and burned refuse of
towns, powdered granite waste, powdered waste marble and such like and used
in a plastic state for whatever purpose required such as shown at A in Fig. 1 of
the accompanying drawings.
Or mixed with sawdust; sawdust and sand; sawdust and ashes; or sawdust,
ashes and sand, the composition may be used for either the purpose shown in
Fig. 1 or for making slabs such as B, Figs. 2, 3 and 4 which may be secured by
screws or other suitable means. Or it may be used for the manufacture of cisterns,
baths, and the like.
Similar slabs may be used for roofing purposes and be retained by clips C as
shewn in Fig. 5. Or the slabs may be moulded as shewn in Fig. 6 to overlap
each other.
A substitute for linoleum, which however is not inflammable, is made of cork
powder either in one piece or, in slabs.
Isolating materials in all kinds of shapes are made out of cork and cork and
ashes and moss litter. Artificial stone is made out of sand, powdered granite
waste, or powdered marble stone.
By embedding wire netting or the like in the composition whilst it is being
made or moulded additional strength and tenacity is obtained. Also by grinding
or rubbing down the surface an excellent mottled appearance can be obtained.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
The improved composition for the manufacture of artificial stone, cement and
the like having the chemical analysis and approximate proportions herein before
set forth.
ed this OH CHY OF UMA LONZO
JOHNSONS,
Applicant's Agents, 115, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow.
JOHNSONS,
Applicant's Agents, 115, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow.