IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING WOOD AND OTHER VEGETABLE OR FIBROUS TO REDUTO DIED " SURSANAIS IN ORDER
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Annandale, the younger, of Dunbar,
in the County of Haddington, North Britain, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING WOOD AND OTHER VEGETABLE OR FIBROUS
TO REDUTO DIED "
SURSANAIS IN ORDER
Scaled the 18th April 1871, and dated the 2nd February 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Annandale
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 2nd February 1871.
I, ALEXANDER ANNANDALE, the younger, of Dunbar, in the County
of Haddington, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING WOOD AND OTHER VEGETABLE OR
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES IN ORDER TO REDUCE THE SAME TO PULP," to be as follows,
that is to say :—
This Invention, which relates to improvements in treating wood,
straw, china grass, and other similar fibrous substances in order to

page_text: reduce the same to pulp for use in the manufacture of paper, consists
in subjecting the said substances to the action of steam in a boiler
or other suitable vessel, and after thorough saturation with the steam
caustic ley is admitted to the boiler or other vessel, after which the
wood or other vegetable or fibrous substance is boiled with the ley until
the substances become soft or pulpy. The proportions of the lye
introduced may be varied according to the nature of the material under
treatment, but a proportion of from twenty to forty pounds of caustic
soda lye to one hundredweight (1 cwt.) of vegetable material has been
found to produce good results.
Office on the 2nd August 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDER
ANNANDALE, the younger, of Dunbar, in the County of Haddington,
North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of February, in the! year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the
35th year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Alexander Annandale, the younger, Her
special license that I, the said Alexander Annandale, the younger, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Alexander Annandale, the younger, my executors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING WOOD AND OTHER
VEGETABLE OR FIBROUS SUBSTANCES IN ORDER TO REDUCE THE SAME TO PULP," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Alexander Annandale;
the younger, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said

page_text: Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Annandale, the younger,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, that is to say :-
My said Invention, which relates to improvements in treating wood
and other vegetable or fibrous substances in order to reduce the same
to pulp for use in the manufacture of paper and other analagous
materials, consists in subjecting the said substances to the action of
steam in a boiler or other suitable vessel, and after thorough saturation
with the steam cold caustic ley is admitted to the said boiler or other
vessel, after which the wood or other vegetable or fibrous substance is
boiled with the ley until the substances become soft or pulpy. .
And in order that my said Invention may be more fully understood
I procced more completely to set forth the same as follows, that is to
say: I take, say, one ton of the fibrous substance to be acted on and
place it in a suitable boiler, and for two or three hours subject it to a
current of steam until the fibre appears to be saturated. The boiler is
then thoroughly closed, and cold caustic ley, containing from fourteen
to sixteen pounds of 60% caustic soda per hundredweight in the case of
esparto, and proportionately more or less with other fibres, is admitted.
The cold ley by condensing the steam forms a vacuum in the boiler,
which is allowed to remain for a quarter of an hour or thereabouts, thus
saturating the softened fibre with ley. The fibre is then boiled for
about three hours in the usual way.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is or may be carried out in practice, I would
observe in conclusion that what I consider novel and original, and there-
fore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent is,-

page_text: Second. The running in of cold ley after the fibre has been saturated
by steam, and soaking it therein under the vacuum formed by the
condensing action of the ley, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Annandale, the younger,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of
July One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
ALEXR. ANNANDALE, JR. (L.S.)