IMPROVEMENTS IN FIXING COLORING MATTERS ON TEXTILE FABRICS, YARNS, OR OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Paraf, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FIXING COLORING MATTERS ON TEXTILE FABRICS, YARNS, OR OTHER
MATERIALS."
Sealed the 14th December 1866, and dated the 19th June 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Paraf at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
June 1866.
I, ALFRED PARAF, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FIXING COLORING MATTERS ON TEXTILE FABRICS, YARNS, OR OTHER
MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
Arsenious acid is very useful in dyeing and printing, especially when com-
bined with alumina for fixing aniline colors, but in consequence of its great
insolubility in water, acids, or alkalies, has hitherto been but little used. I
find that glycerine acts very well on white arsenic (arsenious acid) dissolving
its own weight of acid, and I have applied successfully this property for fixing
coloring matters, such as aniline colors upon cotton, yarn, and other materials.
I proceed as follows:-I first dissolve one part of arsenious acid in one part
of glycerine.
Secondly, I prepare acetate of alumina in the usual way, but use sulphate
of alumina instead of common alum; I then add from ten to twelve per cent.

page_text: of each of these solutions to any aniline color thickened with starch, print
and steam half an hour. After steaming I pass the goods through luke-
warm soap and water, when the fast color is entirely fixed in the fibre or
material.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alfred Paraf in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th
December 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
PARAF, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Chemist, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Alfred Paraf, Her special licence that I, the said Alfred Paraf,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Alfred Paraf, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FIXING COLORING MATTERS ON TEXTILE FABRICS, YARNS, OR, OTHER
MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Alfred Paraf,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters' Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Paraf, do hereby declare
the nature of my said' 'Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
Arsenious acid is very useful in dyeing and printing, especially when com-
bined with alumina for fixing aniline colors, but in consequence of its great
insolubility in water, acids, or alkalies has hitherto been but little used.

page_text: I find that glycerine acts very well on white arsenic (arsenious acid) dis-
solving its own weight of acid, and I have applied successfully this property
for fixing coloring matters, such as aniline colors upon cotton goods and other
materials.
I proceed as follows:-I first dissolve one part of arsenious acid in one part
of glycerine.
Secondly, I prepare acetate of alumina in the usual way, but use sulphate
of alumina instead of common alum; I then add from ten to twelve per
cent. of each of these solutions to any aniline color, thickened with starch,
print and steam half an hour. After steaming I pass the goods through
lukewarm soap and water, when the fast color is entirely fixed in the fibre or
material.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Paraf, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
ALFRED PARAF. (L.S.)