IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING AND ATTACHING METALLIC LININGS OR COVERINGS TO CIRCULAR APERTURES IN OR TO CIRCULAR SURFACES OF WOOD, AND THE APPLICATION OF THE SAME TO THE MANUFACTURE OF CASTERS FOR FURNITURE, BUSHES FOR CASKS, FER- RULES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF A LIKE KIND.”
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur Martyn, of 28ª, Cank Street, Leicester, in the County
of Leicester, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING AND
ATTACHING METALLIC LININGS OR COVERINGS TO CIRCULAR APERTURES IN
OR TO CIRCULAR SURFACES OF WOOD, AND THE APPLICATION OF THE SAME
TO THE MANUFACTURE OF CASTERS FOR FURNITURE, BUSHES FOR CASKS, FER-
RULES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF A LIKE KIND.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur Martyn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th June 1877.
.
•
ARTHUR MARTYN, of 28ª, Cank Street, Leicester, in the County of Leicester-
shire. "
IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING AND ATTACHING METALLIC LININGS OR
COVERINGS TO CIRCULAR APERTURES IN OR TO CIRCULAR SURFACES OF WOOD, AND
THE APPLICATION OF THE SAME TO THE MANUFACTURE OF CASTERS FOR FURNITURE,
BUSHES FOR CASKS, FERRULES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF A LIKE KIND."
A portion of the cask bush, caster for furniture, ferrule, or other article, I form of
brass, malleable cast iron, or other suitable metal, the surface of which I cause to
be tinned when necessary, and I place this within or in position around a mould
made of any convenient material, so formed as to produce a screw thread upon the
article in process of manufacture, when any sufficiently fusible metal hard enough
to form a serviceable screw thread is poured in, which metal adhereing to the tinned
or other surface forms a raised screw thread firmly united to it.
For cask bushes and articles which are to be screwed into apertures in wood, the
screw is raised or formed upon the exterior or convex surface. For casters for
furniture, ferrules, or articles into which wood is to be inserted, the screw is to be
formed upon the interior or concave surface, and the several articles being screwed
into or upon the wood become firmly attached thereto.
When making casters for furniture I sometimes form the screw thread by casting
Prine 621

page_text: it with the socket directly at one operation, or by afterwards cutting it in the
substance of the metal.
I sometimes make cask bushes in one piece, and at one operation, by pouring a
sufficiently fusible metal into metallic moulds.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Arthur Martyn in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 15th December
1877.
ARTHUR MARTYN, of 28%, Cank Street, Leicester, in the County of Leicester-
shire. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING AND ATTACHING METALLIC LININGS OR
COVERINGS TO Circular APERTURES IN OR TO CIRCULAR SURFACES OF WOOD, AND
THE APPLICATION OF THE SAME TO THE MANUFACTURE OF CASTERS FOR FURNITURE,
BUSHES FOR CASKS, FERRULES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF A LIKE KIND.”
A portion of the cask bush, caster for furniture. ferrule, or other article, I form of
brass, malleable cast iron, or other suitable metal, the surface of which I cause to
be tinned when necessary, and I place this within or in position around a mould
made of any convenient material, so formed as to produce a screw thread upon the
article in process of manufacture, when any sufficiently fusible metal hard enough
to form a serviceable screw thread is poured in, which metal adhering to the tinned
or other surface forms a raised screw thread firmly united to it.
For cask bushes and articles which are to be screwed into apertures in wood, the
screw is raised or formed upon the exterior or convex surface. For casters for
furniture, ferrules, or articles into which wood is to be inserted, the screw is to be
formed upon the interior or concave surface, and the several articles being screwed
into or upon the wood become firmly attached thereto.
When making casters for furniture I sometimes form the screw thread by casting
it with the socket directly at one operation.
I sometimes make cask bushes in one piece and at one operation by pouring a
sufficiently fusible metal into metallic moulds.
I have ascertained that cast iron is the most suitable material of which to make
the moulds for producing the several articles, but wrought iron, steel, or other
suitable metal may be used.
In making screwed bushes for casks I construct metallic moulds, preferably of cast
iron, and usually in three pieces, as shewn by Figs. 1 and 2 of the Drawings. Upon or
next to the part of the mould marked A, A, Figs. 1 and 2, 1 place a metal collar or
İ
ring, or a bush having no screw thread, such collar, ring, or bush to be of iron, brass,
or any suitable metal, which I coat when necessary with tin, or a readily fusible
alloy capable of forming an adhering surface, and the whole of the mould being
fitted together and made thoroughly hot, I pour into it through the apertures B, B,
any sufficiently strong and fusible metal or alloy capable of forming a serviceable
screw thread. The mould having been cooled is then opened, and the complete bush
with its screw thread attached removed from it.
I also make screwed bushes for casks in one entire piece and at one operation
without using the metal collar or plain bush before described, by simply pouring
into the mould, when fitted together and thoroughly heated, a sufficiently hard and

page_text: fusible metal or alloy, and when making cask bushes in this manner I generally
form a screw thread on the internal or concave, as well as on the external or convex
surface, for the purpose of using a screwed bung or shive, such internal screw thread
being formed by a groove or screw thread of the required shape cut upon the part
of the mould marked A, A, Fig. 2 of Drawings, as shewn by dotted lines. To open
the mould when sufficiently cooled, and remove the bush thus formed, I unscrew the
lower part marked A, A, from the upper part C, C.
I do not confine myself to any particular metal or alloy, but use such an one as
is sufficiently hard and fusible to form a serviceable screw thread, and to readily
form the article when poured or cast into metal moulds. I however prefer an alloy
composed of copper, tin, and zinc, or copper, tin, zinc, and lead, tin and zinc, or tin,
zinc, and lead.
I make screwed casters or castors for furniture in the following manner:-I take
a castor socket as ordinarily made, and fix it with its aperture upwards in any con-
venient manner, but I prefer to do so by passing it through a hole in a metal plate,
marked B, B, Fig. 3 on Drawings. Upon it is placed a square plate C, C, divided
in the middle, and having a hole through its centre slightly smaller than the aper-
ture of the socket, except where recesses D, D, are formed on each side of the
central hole. The inner surface of the socket being cleansed, or when necessary
coated with tin or other suitable metal or alloy, I place within it a metallic rod or
screw thread mould A, made preferably of iron, and having a groove or channel
capable of moulding a screw thread cut into its surface at the lower end. This is
the mould by which a screw thread is formed within the socket, and it is to be
thoroughly heated before using. The space between the mould A and the socket,
which I also heat, is filled in any convenient way with molten metal or alloy of a
sufficiently hard and fusible nature to form a serviceable screw thread. A portion
of this metal or alloy fills the recesses D, D, Fig. 3, and prevents the socket from
turning round when the screw thread mould A is removed. Such metal or alloy
having been allowed to cool, I unscrew the screw thread mould A by means of a
wrench applied to the upper part E, and the metal or alloy which surrounds it is
left adhering to the castor socket, and forms the screw thread which it is desired to
produce. The superfluous metal is now removed, and the castor may be finished in
the ordinary manner.
I also make the screw castor socket in one entire piece at one operation, and to
effect this I prefer an apparatus as shewn at Fig. 4 of the Drawings. In place of
the castor socket before described, I now fix a metal mould B, B, by preference of a
square form externally, to prevent its turning round in the plate marked C, C,
through which it passes. This mould is for the purpose of giving external form to
the castor socket, and through an aperture in the bottom made to receive it I drop
a pin or iron peg D, which forms the pivot upon which the lower part of the castor
turns. I then place within the mould B, B, the metal rod or screw thread mould A,
similar to that shewn at A, Fig. 3, and the parts of the mould being sufficiently
heated, I fill the space between the parts A and B with molten metal or alloy, as
before, and when sufficiently cool unscrew the internal thread mould A, and remove
from the external mould B, B, the screwed castor socket which will have been
formed within it, and to which the pin or peg D will be found firmly attached. The
superfluous metal is now removed, and the castor may be completed.
The description I have given of the manufacture of screwed bushes for casks
applies to the production of other similar articles for lining circular apertures in
wood, and requiring to be screwed into such apertures, and the description I have
given of the manufacture of screwed castors for furniture applies to the production
of other similar articles for covering circular surfaces of wood and requiring to be
screwed on to such surfaces.
"
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner in which
the same is or may be performed, I would have it clearly understood that I do not
claim as any part of my Invention the manufacture of screwed bushes for casks or
screwed castors for furniture when such are made by casting metal or metallic alloy

page_text: into moulds of loam or sand, or by cutting the screw thread upon the surface of the
article, as I am aware that such cask bushes and furniture castors have been manu-
factured in this way, but what I'do claim as my Invention, and intend to be secured
by these Letters Patent is, the manufacture of castors for furniture, bushes for
casks, ferrules, and other articles of a like kind, by casting a screw thread upon the
external or internal surface of each or either of them, such article or the screw
thread upon it being formed by pouring molten metal or metallic alloy into iron or
other suitable metallic moulds, substantially as described and illustrated, and the
use of iron or other suitable metallic moulds for the purposes set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur Martyn, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twelfth day of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven.
ARTHUR MARTYN. (L.S.)