IMPROVEMENTS IN LITHOGRAPHIC, ZINCOGRAPHIC, AND TYPOGRAPHIC PRINTING MACHINES
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Henry Gardner, of West Harding Street,
in the City of London, Printing Machine Manufacturer, and Joseph
Bickerton, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LITHOGRAPHIC, ZINCOGRAPHIC, AND
TYPOGRAPHIC PRINTING MACHINES."
led the 8th October 1867, and dated the 12th April 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Henry Garduer
and Joseph Bickerton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 12th April 1867.
We, CHARLES HENRY GARDNER, of West Harding Street, in the City of
London, Printing Machine Manufacturer, and JOSEPH BICKERTON, of Oldham,
in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LITHOGRAPHIC, ZINCOGRAPHIC, AND
TYPOGRAPHIC PRINTING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
The object of our first improvement is to permit of the table having two or
more motions while the cylinder has only one, or to permit of the table moving
once or oftener while the cylinder is at rest. For this purpose we construct
the lever or arm which transmits motion to the cylinder in two portions, one
portion being capable of being lifted out free from the other portion, and
when thus lifted such portion, and therefore the cylinder which it actuates, is
disconnected from the motion and consequently stop working though the table
remains in movement. The said portion of the lever or arm may be thus

page_text: lifted and disengaged by a cam, excentric, lever, or lifting piece worked by
hand, or it may be thus disengaged by a cam, excentric, lever, or lifting piece
on a shaft driven by spur, bevel, or other gearing or connections from the
cam shaft or the fly wheel shaft or other motion shaft, and by constructing
the teeth or diameters of the gearing suitably two or more motions of the cam
shaft or driving shaft may be obtained for one notion of the lifting cam or
lifting piece.
The object of our next improvement is to hold the cylinder without vibration
or "fix it dead" when it is to be in a state of rest. For this purpose a stud
is formed or fixed on the cylinder, and two bell cranks, crank arms, or levers
are mounted on the framework and connected together. The cylinder in
turning to stop brings the stud in contact with one of the cranks, arms, or
levers, and thereby works them both so as to cause them to come against the
stud and hold it, and therefore they hold the cylinder firmly until released,
which may, for example, be effected by the motion of the table by connecting
the cranks therewith, so that the cranks, arms, or levers may be opened by
such motion.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Henry Gardner and Joseph Bickerton in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 12th October 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CHARLES
HENRY GARDNER, of West Harding Street, in the City of London, Printing
Machine Manufacturer, and JOSEPH BICKERTON, of Oldham, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Charles Henry Gardner and Joseph Bickerton, Her special licence that we,
the said Charles Henry Garduer and Joseph Bickerton, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Charles Henry
Gardner and Joseph Bickerton, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Juvention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LITHOGRAPHIC, ZINCOGRAPHIC, AND TYPOGRAPHIC PRINTING

page_text: MACHINES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Charles
Henry Gardner and Joseph Bickerton, our executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the
hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Charles Henry Gardner and Joseph
Bickerton, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say:
The Invention relates to lithographic, zincographic, and typographic printing
machines in which cylinders are employed, and the improvements refer, first,
to the actuating of the cylinder, and, secondly, to the fixing of the same when
in a state of rest.
The object of our first improvement is to permit of the table having two or
more motions while the cylinder has only one, or to permit of the table moving
once or oftener while the cylinder is at rest. For this purpose we construct
the lever or arm which transmits motion to the cylinder in two portions, one
portion being capable of being lifted out free from the other portion, and
when thus lifted such portion, and therefore the cylinder which it actuates, is
disconnected from the motion and consequently stops working though the
table remains in movement. The said portion of the lever or arm may be
thus lifted and disengaged by means of a cam, eccentric, lever, or lifting piece
worked by hand, or it may be thus disengaged by means of a cam, eccentric,
lever, or lifting piece on a shaft driven by spur, bevel, or other gearing, or
connections from the cam shaft, or the fly wheel shaft, or other motion shaft,
and by constructing the teeth or diameters of the gearing suitably two or more
motions of the cam shaft or driving shaft may be obtained for one motion of
the lifting cam or lifting piece.
The object of our next improvement is to hold the cylinder without vibration,
that is to say, to fix it dead, when it is to be in a state of rest. For this
purpose, according to our improvements, a stud is formed or fixed on the
cylinder, and two bell cranks, crank arms, or levers are mounted on the
framework and connected together. The cylinder in turning in order to stop
brings the stud in contact with one of the cranks, arms, or levers, and thereby

page_text: works them both so as to cause them to come against the stud and hold it,
and therefore hold the cylinder firmly until released, which releasing action
may, for example, be effected by the motion of the table by connecting
the cranks therewith, so that the cranks, arms, or levers are opened by such
motion.
The accompanying Drawings exemplify in what manner the Invention may
be carried into practical effect.
Figures 1, 2, 3 refer to the first-described improvement. Figure 1 is an
elevation, Figure 2 a plan, and Figure 3 an end view of a lithographic printing
machine in which our first improvement is applied, sufficient being shown to
illustrate the improvement.
X is the general framework; Q, the cylinder; A, A*, are two portions of a
lever which is used to transmit motion from the driving power to the cylinder
of the press or machine. This lever, instead of being in a single continuous
piece, as is usual, is made of two portions A, A*, whereof the part A* is in
immediate connection with the driving shaft and the part A is in connection
with the cylinder Q. The part A drops into a slot in the part or arm A*, but
it is moveable or capable of being lifted free from the portion A*, and when
so lifted the portion A is disengaged from the portion A* and ceases to receivo
motion therefrom, and the cylinder Q which is connected with and actuated
by this portion A also stops work, though the driving motion continuing in
action the table remains in motion, and hence can move once or oftener while
the cylinder is at rest. When the portion or arm A is dropt into the slot in
the portion or arm A* the two portions are engaged, and motion is continuously
transmitted from the driving power to the cylinder. B is a cam keyed
on a shaft M and worked by gearing D, D, driven by the cam shaft E.
This cam lifts the portion A from the portion A*, so as to disengage it
therefrom at the required intervals. The teeth or diameters of the train of
wheels D are contrived in such manner that there may be only one revolution
of the cam B for every two or more consecutive revolutions of the cam shaft E,
so that the portion or arm A may be disengaged from the arm A* sufficiently
often to permit of the cylinder moving only once for two or more motions of
the table. The gear wheels D may be driven from the fly wheel shaft or other
motion shaft instead of from the cam shaft. C is a cam keyed on a shaft F
and worked by a handle G in order to lift the portion or arm A free from
the portion or arm A* when the lifting action is to be effected by hand.
Instead of lifting the portion A by cams, as shown, other lifting agents
working in like manner may be used for the purpose without departing from
the nature of this part of our Invention.

page_text: Figures 4, 5, and 6 relate to our second improvement. Figure 4 is an
elevation, Figure 5 a plan, and Figure 6 an end view of the lithographic
machine showing sufficient portion thereof to exemplify this second improve-
ment.
X is the framework and Q the cylinder, as before. a is a stud or stop fixed
or formed on the cylinder Q; b, b, are bell cranks, crank arms, or jointed
levers mounted on the framework X and connected together by a spiral
spring d; c, c, c, c, are a system of bell cranks or jointed levers connected
with the table of the machine at one end, while at the other end the said
system is connected with the bell crank arms b. The motion of the table
communicates movement through the system of levers c to the arms b.
e is a spiral spring lying between two collars on a rod f sliding in the frame-
work, and connected with the levers c. As the cylinder turns in order to stop
it brings its stud a in contact with one of the arms b, the arms being placed
in a convenient position for the purpose, and thereby causes it to be depressed
and recede, and the spring d (in returning to position) forces the arm b to rise
again, the two arms thus clutch or bind the stud a, holding it and consequently
holding the cylinder firmly between their ends. The stud and cylinder are
released by the next ensuing motion of the table, which as it moves works the
levers c, and thereby forces downward one of the arms b, or moves it away
from the stud a so as to release it and the cylinder also. This action is
effected by a stud on the table which abuts against a collar on the rod f,
causing it to slide inward and work an arm c, which works the arm b and
pulls it downward, also compressing the spring e, which when released restores
barf to position. The sides of the stud are bevelled at the lower part, and
the ends of the arms bare bevelled in like manner to facilitate the grip of the
former by the latter. The other parts of the machine shown are not described,
being ordinary parts merely represented for convenience of explanation.
Instead of releasing the arms or bell cranks b, b, by connections with the
table other means may be used for the purpose without departing from the
nature of this part of our Invention.
We have represented the Invention as applied to lithographic printing
machines, but it is evident without further description that it may be applied
in like manner to zincographic and typographic printing machines.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same may be performed, we declare that we claim,-
First, constructing the lever or appliance which transmits motion to the
cylinder of two portions, one such portion being free to be lifted or disengaged
from the other in the manner and for the purpose described.

page_text: Second, the arrangement and combination of a stud on the cylinder
with bell cranks, crank arms, or levers for catching, gripping, and holding the
cylinder, substantially in the manner and for the purpose described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Henry Gardner, for myself and
on behalf of the said Joseph Bickerton, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Seventh day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
Witness,
M. HENRY,
Patent Agent,
68, Fleet St.,
London.
C. H. GARDNER. (L.S.)