MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING, LOWERING, OR MOVING HEAVY BODIES
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Andrew Barclay, of Kilmarnock, in the County of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
Ayr, North Britain, Engineer, for the Invention of
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING, LOWERING, OR MOVING HEAVY
BODIES"
Sealed the 4th February 1862, and dated the 10th August 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Andrew Barclay at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
August 1861.
I, ANDREW BARCLAY, of Kilmarnock, in the County of Ayr, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING, LOWERING, OR MOVING HEAVY
BODIES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of cranes or
apparatus for hoisting or moving heavy bodies, so as to effect a considerable
saving of time in the operation as compared with the working of cranes of the
ordinary kind.
Under one modification or arrangement of parts the improved crane consists
of a main pillar or column fitted in a footstep bearing, and moveable or not
about its axis. This pillar has jointed to it a jib extending upwards in an
angular direction, and having jointed to its free extremity a secondary jib or
This
beam, which sustains the load to be raised or otherwise moved.
secondary jib or beam is jointed to the main jib at about one-third of its
length from the upper extremity, which is connected to the main pillar by a
connecting rod or radius bar. A pulley is fitted to the lower end of the

page_text: secondary beam, over this the chain to which the load is attached is carried;
this chain is carried up over a pulley at the junction of the secondary beam
and the radius bar, and down to an ordinary winding barrel which is fitted to
The
the main pillar, and may be actuated either by hand or steam power.
hoisting chain is wound round the front of the barrel, and there is a second
chain for drawing in the main jib, which is wound on a duplex barrel in a
direction contrary to that of the hoisting chain. The free end of this second
chain is attached to the upper end of the jib, where it is jointed to the
secondary beam. The winding barrel on which the hoisting chain is wound is
made with a second barrel, which runs loosely upon it, but is caused-to-rotate-
with the primary barrel by means of a clutch, which is actuated by a hand
lever. To raise the load the primary barrel is put in motion, then if the
second barrel is put into gear, the main jib is quickly drawn in, and the load
moves inwards in a horizontal line in readiness to be at once deposited on the
truck, waggon, or other receptacle placed in readiness to receive it.
clutch which throws the secondary barrel into or out of gear with the-primary
barrel is arranged with an annular ratchet wheel and spring pall, as well as
the ordinary external wheel and pall, so that if the barrel should be inadvertently
put in motion the wrong way, the pall slips over the ratchet teeth without
doing any injury, or causing breakage of the parts. In this way the cargoes
of vessels may be very quickly transferred from the hold to an adjoining wharf.
Or the movement of the jib may be reversed, so as to load the vessel with
equal facility and economy of time. The arrangement of the crane is par-
ticularly adapted for loading and unloading vessels, as the free extremity of
the secondary jib points in a downward direction, and its motion is in a
horizontal line, the crane whilst working cannot in any way interfere with the
rigging or sails of the vessel. The apparatus may also be used in situations
where the ordinary cranes or derricks, which require a circular swing to move
the load in a horizontal line, would be inadmissible.
The
The arrangement of the crane may be modified in various ways, as, for
example, the secondary or hanging jib may be jointed at its upper extremity
to the main jib, and have the radius bar attached at about the centre of its
length. To the inner end of the radius bar is jointed a second bar extending
upwards towards the top of the main pillar, and fitted with a block, which
slides up and down in a groove or guide formed in the pillar. The hauling in
of the jib causes the radius bars to draw in the secondary jib to an extent
three or fourfold that of the traverse of the main jib. In lieu of this arrange-
ment the secondary jib may be moved in and out by means of a system of bars
crossing each other at right angles, and jointed together like "lazy-tongs."

page_text: Under another modification of the apparatus the secondary or hanging jib
is jointed directly to the upper end of the main pillar; the radius bar is con-
nected to about the centre of its length, and is jointed to a block which slides
up and down in a groove formed in the face of the main pillar. This is a
Instead of having a
very simple and inexpensive form of the apparatus.
moveable pendent jib, this may be arranged in the form of a stationary inclined
plane. A small carriage traverses up and down this inclined plane by means
of a chain attached to it, and carried over a pulley in the top of the main
pillar, and down to the winding barrel. The hoisting chain is carried over the
main pillar and over a pulley fitted in the platform of the traversing carriage,
the end to which the load is attached hanging below it. With this arrange-
ment when the carriage is drawn up the inclined plane, the load is brought
inwards, and vice versa. These several modifications of apparatus for lifting
and lowering heavy bodies may be arranged on carriages for the convenience
of moving them about, or otherwise, according to the particular purpose for
which they are required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Andrew Barclay in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
10th February 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ANDREW
BARCLAY, of Kilmarnock, in the County of Ayr, North Britain, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Andrew Barclay, Her special license that I, the said
Andrew Barclay, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Andrew Barclay, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING, LOWERING, OR
MOVING HEAVY BODIES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Andrew Barclay, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing

page_text: under my hand and seal, or under the hand and seal of one of them, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Andrew Barclay, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of cranes or
apparatus for hoisting or moving heavy bodies, so as to effect a considerable
saving of time in the operation as compared with the workings of cranes of the
ordinary kind.
Under one modification or arrangement of parts the improved crane consists
of a main pillar or column fitted in a footstep bearing, and moveable or not
about its axis. This pillar has jointed to it a jib extending upwards in an
angular direction, and having jointed to its free extremity a secondary jib or
beam, which sustains the load to be raised or otherwise moved. This
secondary jib or beam is jointed to the main jib at about one-third of
its length from the upper extremity, which is connected to the main pillar
by a connecting rod or radius bar. A pulley is fitted to the lower end of the
secondary beam, over this the chain to which the load is attached is carried;
this chain is carried up over a pulley at the junction of the secondary beam
and the radius bar, and down to an ordinary winding barrel, which is fitted to
the main pillar, and may be actuated either by hand or steam power. The
hoisting chain is wound round the front of the barrel, and there is a second
chain for drawing in the main jib, which is wound on a duplex barrel in a
direction contrary to that of the hoisting chain.
end of this second
chain is attached to the upper end of the jib,
is jointed to the
secondary beam. The winding barrel on which the hoisting chain is wound is
made with a second barrel, which runs loosely upon it, but is caused to rotate
with the primary barrel by means of a clutch, which is actuated by a hand
lever. To raise the load the primary barrel is put in motion, then if the
second barrel is put into gear, the main jib is quickly drawn in, and the load-
moves inwards in a horizontal line in readiness to be at once deposited on the
truck, waggon, or other receptacle placed in readiness to receive it. The
clutch which throws the secondary barrel into or out of gear with the primary
barrel is arranged with an annular ratchet wheel and spring pall, as well as
The free
where it

page_text: the ordinary external wheel and pall, so that if the barrel should be in-
advertantly put in motion the wrong way, the pall slips over the ratchet teeth
without doing any injury, or causing breakage of the parts. In this way the
cargoes of vessels may be very quickly transferred from the hold to an adjoining
wharf. Or the movement of the jib may be reversed, so as to load the vessel
with equal facility and economy of time. The arrangement of the crane is
particularly adapted for loading and unloading vessels, as the free extremity of
the secondary jib points in a downward direction, and its motion is in a
horizontal line, the crane whilst working cannot in any way interfere with the
rigging or sails of the vessel. The apparatus may also be used in situations
where the ordinary cranes or derricks, which require a circular swing to move
the load in a horizontal line, would be inadmissable.
The arrangement of the crane may be modified in various ways, as, for
example, the secondary or hanging jib may be jointed at its upper extremity
to the main jib, and have the radius bar attached at about the centre of its
length. To the inner end of the radius bar is jointed a second bar extending
upwards towards the top of the main pillar, and fitted with a block, which
slides up and down in a groove or guide formed in the pillar. The hauling in
of the jib causes the radius bars to draw in the secondary jib to an extent
three or four fold that of the traverse of the main jib. In lieu of this arrange-
ment the secondary jib may be moved in and out by means of a system of bars
crossing each other at right angles, and jointed together like "lazy-tongs."
Under another modification of the apparatus the secondary or hanging jib
is jointed directly to the upper end of the main pillar; the radius bar is con-
nected to about the centre of its length, and is jointed to a block which slides
up and down in a groove formed in the face of the main pillar. This is a
very simple and inexpensive form of the apparatus. Instead of having a
moveable pendent jib, this may be arranged in the form of a stationary inclined
plane. A small carriage traverses up and down this inclined plane by means
of a chain attached to it, and carried over a pulley in the top of the main
pillar, and down to the winding barrel. The hoisting chain is carried over
the main pillar and over a pulley fitted in the platform of the traversing
carriage, the end to which the load is attached hanging below it. With this
arrangement when the carriage is drawn up the inclined plane, the load is
brought inwards, and vice versa. The several modifications of apparatus for
lifting and lowering heavy bodies may be arranged on carriages for the con-
venience of moving them about, or otherwise, according to the particular
purpose for which they are required.
And in order that my said Invention of "Improvements in Machinery or

page_text: Apparatus for Raising, Lowering, or Moving Heavy Bodies may be properly
understood, I shall now proceed to describe the several Figures on the two
explanatory Sheets of Drawings, which I have hereunto appended for the
purpose of showing certain modifications under which my improvements may
be judiciously carried out in practice, that is to say:-
Figure 1, on Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings, is an elevation or side
view of one arrangement of my improved cranes or apparatus for lifting,
lowering, or moving heavy bodies. In this view, a portion of the lower part
of the main pillar is broken away, to show more clearly the arrangement of
the working parts.
Figure 2, on the same Sheet, is a corresponding end elevation of the crane,
with the diverging back stays broken away to save space on the Sheet.
Figures 1, 2, and 3, on Sheet 2, are elevations showing other arrangements
or modes of carrying out my improvements.
Referring to the Figures on Sheet 1, the crane is supported on a cast-iron
socket or base plate A, which is bolted down in the ordinary way to the
masonry beneath or the platform on which the crane is erected.
The
The central
part of the base plate forms a tubular socket to receive the pivot B, which
forms the lower extremity of the crane. If the crane is arranged to be actuated
by steam power, as delineated in the Drawings, the pivot B is made tubular,
and works steam-tight in the socket A, so as to serve for the admission passage
of the steam to the cylinders above. The lower part of the main pillar of the
crane, from which the pivot B projects, forms a cast-iron box C, from the ends
of which spring the side pieces forming the crane post or main pillar D.
framing of the pillar is bolted together by transverse tie bars E, and terminates
at the upper part in the cap F. The pillar is steadied and partly supported
by the back stays G, which are bolted down to the platform or wharf, the eyes
on the upper parts of the stays passing over the pivot in the cap F, in the
usual way. To the lower part of the pillar D is bolted the bearing plate of
the jointed socket-piece H; this socket-piece is made duplex to receive the
side pieces, which form the jib I. The parts of the jib are connected in manner
similar to the pillar D, or in any other convenient way. The outer ends of
the ribs of the jib I, terminate in iron caps J, to admit of the secondary
jib K being jointed thereto, and of its moving freely about the point of support
This jib is formed of a spar of timber or other suitable material; the upper
extremity is fitted with an iron cap and pulley L, the spindle of which is con
nected by the links M to the spindle of the pulley in the cap F of the pillar D
At the lower end of the jib K is fitted the cap and pulley N, over which the
hoisting and lowering chain O passes; this chain is carried from the winding

page_text: barrel P upwards over the pulley L, and downwards to the pulley N, where it
terminates with the usual hook and swivel for slinging the load.
In this modification the crane is shown as arranged to be driven by steam
power, the moving parts being actuated by a small pair of coupled engines.
The steam is conveyed from the boiler, which may be fixed in convenient
proximity to a stationary crane, or upon the platform of a portable one, and
passes by the pipe Q, up through the socket A and tubular pivot B to the
valve casing R. and from thence into the cylinders S, the piston rods being
connected in the usual way with the driving shaft T. Each engine is fitted
with a pair of eccentrics U, and link motions V, which are operated by the
hand lever W, arranged as shown, or in other manner, to be within convenient
reach of the attendant, and enable him to drive the engines either forward or
backwards as required. On the shaft T, and inside the frame of the pillar D,
is keyed the fly wheel X, and on the outer extremity of the shaft is the
pinion Y, which gives motion to the wheel Z on the winding barrel P, on
which the chain O is wound. Outside the barrel P, and running loosely on
the shaft a, to which the barrel P is keyed, is a small- barrel b, on which the
chain c is wound on the barrel in a direction contrary to that of the chain O
on the barrel P. The chain c is carried upwards and over the pulley F, its
extremity being attached to a transverse bar carried in the brackets d, which
are bolted to the jib I, the office of the chain c being simply to lower or draw
in the jib I, which causes the load on the chain O to be carried either outwards.
or inwards in a horizontal line, that is to say, if it is required to move a load
from a wharf to the hatchway of a vessel lying alongside, the barrel b is
coupled with the shaft a, and the engines are set in motion so as to wind in
the chain c, and bring the jib I nearer or quite to the vertical position. The
movement of the jib I also brings the end of the jib K inwards, which moves
with accelerated velocity. The load is attached to the hook of the chain O;
the action of the engine is reversed so as to run out the chain c and allow the
jib I to descend; this movement carries the load with a rapid sweep over the
hatchway; the barrel b is uncoupled, while the winding barrel P is caused to
turn in the opposite direction to pay out the chain O, and lower the load into
the hold. From the arrangement of the chains O and c, the movement of the
end of the jib K, and consequently of the load is always in a horizontal
direction, for just as the chain c is caused to affect the movement of the jib I,
the chain O is given off or wound on to the barrel P, to compensate for the
alteration in the angular position of the jib K.
forms a ratchet wheel e, into the teeth of which the pawl f, carried on a trans-
verse spindle extending across the main pillar D falls. Outside the ratchet
The outer flange of the barrel b

page_text: wheel e is a coupling keyed on the shaft a; this coupling is made with a disc,
having a rounded rim g, by means of which the attendant causes the barrel b
to rotate or not with the barrel P, according to the required movement of the
jib I. To prevent accidents or breakage of the parts in case the engines should
be set in motion in the wrong direction, the teeth of the coupling are hinged
so as to move out of the way and allow the coupling-to rotate without injury.
For hoisting and lowering, the barrel P is alone required, but when the load
has to be moved to and fro in a horizontal direction, or nearly so, then the
barrel b must be brought into requisition to effect the necessary movement of
the jib I. From the rapidity with which the end of the jib K moves to and fro,
the operation of moving loads from one point to another within its range may
be effected with much greater facility than by means of the ordinary crane, as
well as greater economy of space.
1
These improvements may be carried out in various ways without departing
from the peculiar features of the Invention; three modifications of the principle
being shown in Figures 1 to 3, on Sheet 2 of the accompanying Drawings.
Figure represents an arrangement for moving, hoisting, and lowering
heavy loads without loss of time. The main pillar A, the back stays B, and
the duplex winding barrel C, may be arranged in the manner described in
reference to Sheet 1, or any equivalent therefor. The jib D is jointed to a
bracket on the pillar A, and at its upper extremity the secondary jib E is
jointed to it. The hoisting and lowering chain F is carried from the winding
barrel C over the pulley at the junction of the jibs D and E, and downwards
to the pulley G at its lower end. Midway between the extremities of the
jib E is a link H, which connects it with the jib I. The primary jib D is
connected by means of the chain J with the duplex winding barrel C, the
movement of the chain J causing the jib D to move outwards or in the
opposite direction, as may be required. The extremity of the jib I is jointed
to a block which slides up and down in a guide K. which is bolted to the front
of the main pillar A. Thus, as the jib D is moved to or from the pillar A, the
jib I moves up and down the guide K, and by reason of the connection of the
jib I with the jib E, the load at its extremity moves in a horizontal line, the
chains F and J compensating for the compound motions of the parts, as
herein-before described with reference to Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1.
The modification delineated in Figure 2 consists of the pillar A, the back-
stays B, the duplex winding barrel C, and the jib D, pendent from the upper
part of the pillar A. The jib D has connected to it the link E, which is
jointed to the sliding block G, that traverses in the guide H. The hoisting
chain I is carried up from the barrel C over the duplex pulley J, and down the

page_text: jib D, whilst the chain K for actuating the jib is carried over the pulley and
connected to the block G. In this way when the chain K is wound in, or
run out, the jib D is moved in accordance therewith, and the load is carried
either to or fro as required.
In the modification shown in Figure 3, the pillar A, the back stays B, and
winding barrel C, are not altered; but in place of the jib there is an inclined
plane D fixed in the position as shown. The hoisting chain E passes from the
barrel C, over a pulley arranged in the carriage F, which is connected to the
chain G that corresponds to the jib chains in the other modifications. Thus,
when the carriage F is drawn up the inclined plane D, the chain E is given
off from the barrel in a corresponding ratio, and the load is thus traversed
inwards. These cranes may be arranged either for stationary or portable
purposes and so as to be actuated either by steam, hydrostatic, or manual
power, and are applicable for all the purposes of lifting or moving heavy bodies,
and may be readily fitted on portable wheeled carriages, as shown in Figure 3,
on Sheet 2 of the accompanying Drawings.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the general arrangement, construction, and combination of parts
forming the machinery or apparatus for lifting, lowering, or moving heavy
bodies, as hercin-before described and shown in the accompanying Drawings,
or any mere modification thereof, or equivalent therefor.
Second, the system or mode of arranging and constructing machinery or
apparatus for lifting, lowering, and moving heavy bodies with a secondary jib
or its equivalent, as herein-before described and shown in the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I. the said Andrew Barclay, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighth day of February. One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-two.
ANDREW BARCLAY. (L.S.)