IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FORGING NUTS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Winterbottom Brierley, of Oldham, in the
County of Lancaster, Bolt Manufacturer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FORGING NUTS."
Sealed the 15th June 1869, and dated the 18th December 1808.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Winterbottom
Brierley, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 18th December 1868.
I, JOHN WINTERBOTTOM BRIERLEY, of Oldham, in the County of
Lancaster, Bolt Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FORGING
NUTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a machine which by the simple movement
to and fro of a headstock upon a slide or bed shapes, flattens, punchos
and cuts off the nuts from a heated bar and delivers them sufficiently
hot for the workman to finish them with a few strokes of the hammer
on a "swage" of suitable form attached to the anvil.
The machine consists mainly of three parts, viz., a bed or slide, a fixed
headstock, and a moving headstock. The latter slides to and fro on the

page_text: bed and is actuated by means of an excentric, cam, or crank on the main
driving shaft, which revolves with a slow motion. Attached to the
sliding headstock are three tools and to the fixed headstock are attached
the three counterparts. The first is a die or swage, which indents the
sides of the heated bar so as to form four sides of a hexagonal nut.
The second is a pair of squeezers or flatteners for pressing the top and
bottom of the nut, so as to bring it to the required thickness, and the
third is a compound tool which punches out the centre and at the same
time cuts off the nut.
The machine requires two attendants, a feeder and a finisher. The
feeder takes a heated bar of the requisite width and presents its edges
to the dies or swages, which at one movement indent the edges and
form four sides of the nut. He then turns the bar on edge and places
the sides between the squeezers or flatteners which give the nut the
required thickness_and_flatten it at the same time. He then presents it
(still on-edge)-to-the-punch which punches out the hole in the centre,
and at the same movement cuts off the nut from the bar. As
the nut falls off it is taken up by the finisher on a rod which fits the
hole and finished (without reheating) by a few blows of the hammer
on a swage of the proper form fixed on the anvil. Gauges or stops are
affixed to the first and third tools against which the feeder-thrusts-the-
end of the bar, thus ensuring the uniform size of the nuts and the
correct position of the central hole. These gauges are adjustable, and
the tools also are capable of being changed so as to make various sized
nuts with one machine. For square nuts only the second and third
tools are required.
The machine may be made double acting by causing the moving head-
stock to slide between two fixed headstocks, and having a similar set of
tools at each end, or if preferred the machine may be adapted to make
hexagonal or octagonal nuts at one end, and square nuts at the other.
If the furnace is so arranged that the feeder can heat a sufficient length
of his bar at a time he can form and cut of several nuts at one heat, in
which case more than one finisher will be required for each feeder, in
order to finish the nuts off without reheating as quickly as the
machine can produce them.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Winterbottom Brierley in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 17th June 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
WINTERBOTTOM BRIERLEY, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Bolt
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto me, the said John Winterbottom Brierley,
Her special license that I, the said John Winterbottom Brierley, my ex-
ecutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John
Winterbottom Brierley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FORGING
NUTS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John
Winterbottom Brierley, my executors or administrators, by an in-
strument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said In-
vention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Winterbottom Brierley, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner.
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained.
in and by the following statement, and accompanying Drawings (that is.
to say) :-
This Invention consists of a machine which by the simple movement
to and fro of a headstock upon a slide or bed, shapes, flattens, and cuts
off the nuts from a heated bar and delivers them sufficiently hot for the
workman to finish them with a few strokes of the hamuer on a "swage"
of suitable form attached to the anvil.

page_text: The machine consists mainly of three parts, viz., a bed or slide, a
fixed headstock, and a moving headstock. The latter slides to and fro
on the bed and is actuated by means of an excentric cam or crank on the
main driving shaft which revolves with a slow motion. Attached to the
sliding headstock are the tools or dies, and to the fixed headstock are
attached the counterparts. The first is a die or swage, which indents
the sides of the heated bar so as to form four sides of a hexagonal nut.
The second is a compound tool forming a pair of squeezers or flatteners
for pressing the top and bottom of the nut so as to bring it to the
required thickness, and "snapping" the edges, and which at the same
time punches out the centre and cuts off the nut.
The machine requires two attendants, a feeder and a finisher. The
feeder takes a heated bar of the requisite width and presents its edges to
the dies or swages which at-one-movement indent the edges and form
four sides of the nut. He then-turns-the-bar on edge and places-the-
sides between the squeezers or flatteners which give the nut the required
thickness and flatten it and snap the edges, at the same time punching
out the hole in the centre and cutting off the nut from the bar. As the
nut falls off,-it-is-taken up by the finisher on a rod which fits the hole
and finished (without reheating) by a few blows of- the--hammer on a
swage of the proper form fixed on the anvil. Gauges or stops are affixed
to the first and second tools, against which the feeder thrusts the end of
the bar, thus ensuring the uniform size of the nuts and correct position
of the central hole. These gauges are adjustable and the tools also are
capable of being, changed so as to make various sized nuts with one
machine. For square nuts only one compound tool is required. The
machine may be made double acting by causing the moving headstock to
slide between two fixed headstocks and having a similar set of tools at each
end; or, if preferred, the machine may be adapted to make hexagonal or
octagonal nuts at one end and square nuts at the other. If the furnace
is so arranged that the feeder can heat a sufficient length of his bar
at a time, he can form and cut off several nuts at one heat in which case
more than one finisher will be required for each feeder in order to finish
the nuts off without reheating as quickly as the machine can produce
them.
.
Such being the nature and object of my said Invention for "Improve-
ments in Machinery or Apparatus for Forging Nuts," I will now
proceed to describe more in detail the manner in which the same is to

page_text: be or may be carried into practical effect, and in order that the same may
be clearly understood I have annexed hereunto a Sheet of Drawings,
illustrative thereof, and have marked the same with figures and letters
of reference corresponding with those in the following explanation
thereof.
In the annexed Drawing Fig. 1 is a side elevation, Fig. 2 an end
view, and Fig. 3 a plan of my improved machine as arranged in the
double acting form for making hexagonal nuts at one end and square
ones at the other.
As
a, a, is the bed of the machine; b, bx, the fixed headstocks; and c, c;
the moving headstock which works on V slides on the bed as seen at
Fig. 2. The under side of the moving headstock is formed with two
jaws, c*, cx, (scc dotted lines in Fig. 1) between which works an
excentric d, d, keyed fast on the main driving shaft e, e, which latter is
driven with a slow motion by means of the spur wheel and pinion f,f,
from the first motion shaft g, g, which is provided with a fly wheel h, h,
and speed pulleys i, i. Attached to the moving headstock at the left-
hand side of the machine (see Fig. 3) is a die or swage k, its counter-
part * being attached to the fixed headstock b, and provided with a.
stop 7. This dic when the end of a heated bar is placed against the
stop indents the edges of the bar and forms the four angular sides of a
licxagonal nut, also partially forming two sides of the next nut.
the headstock recedes the bar is then withdrawn and placed on edge
This tool (as
between the compound tool n, n, and its counterpart o, o.
scen enlarged in the detached view Fig. 4) is so formed that on the
return of the headstock it squeezes or flattens the nut and "snaps
the edges at the same time that it punches the hole through the centre
and cuts the nut off the end of the bar. As the headstock again recedes
the claws p, p, draw the nut off the punch and the operator proceeds as
before. At the right hand end of the machine which is arranged for
making square nuts, only one tool and its counterpart will be required.
The tool consists of a punch q and shear or cutter the counterpart
attached to the fixed headstock 6*, consisting of a blocks with a hole
in the centre corresponding with the punch; one edge of the block
acting as the other blade of the shears; t, t, is the claw for removing the
nut from the punch, and u, u, is the adjustable stop against which the
end of the bar is held and which determines the length of the picce
cut off. The whole of the tools and counterparts are changeable and
"

page_text: adjustable for different forms and sizes of nuts, and the fixed head-
stocks are also capable of adjustment by means of hand wheels and
screws v, v.
Having now described the nature and object of the said Invention
together with the manner in which the same is to be or may be per-
formed or carried into practical effect, I wish it to be understood that I
claim as my Invention the peculiar construction of a machine for
forging nuts, having a bed or slide on which is mounted a moving head-
stock working to and fro by means of a cam, excentric, or crank in
combination with a fixed headstock or headstocks, and provided with
suitable dies and counterparts for shaping, punching, and cutting off
the nuts by the simple movement to and fro of the sliding headstock,
substantially as shown in the annexed Drawings and herein-before
nantiulaul decorihod
In witness whereof, I, the said John Winterbottom Brierley, have
hereunto sot my hand and scal, this Sixteenth day of June, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine.
Witness,
JOHN WINTERBOTTOM BRIERLEY. (L.S.)
GEORGE DAVIES, C.E.,
Office for Patents,
Manchester.