Improvements in or relating to the Manufacture of Boxes.
Year: 1897

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to the Manufacture of Boxes.
A communication from MARIO GATTI, of Borgo Vico 7, Como, in 'the Kingdom
of Italy, Mechanical Engineer.
I, ALFRED JULIUS, BOULT, of 111, Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has for its object a machine for the continuous manufacture of
boxes in general, and particularly of those having a circular oval, polygonal or
other cross section, and being constituted by the following parts: bottom walls
and covering.
The mechanical or industrial manufacture of boxes in general, and particularly
of those having the above mentioned forms has remained, one may say, nearly
stationary and unimproved up to the present. The solution of the problem of
the manufacture of boxes which presented more difficulties than one would think,
is realised with the machine forming the object of the present invention, which
will now be described with aid of the annexed drawings, in which
Fig. 1 represents a side view of the machine from the side of the driving pulley;
Fig. 2 is an opposite side view from which the frame supporting the spools or
drums carrying the cardboard or other material for the walls and the bottoms has
been omitted.
Fig. 3 is a front view of the machine, from which the trough of the glue or
gum cylinder has been omitted.
Fig. 4 is a similar view of the opposite side of the machine.
Fig. 5 is a plan view of the machine.
Fig. 6 is a plan view of the pin for rolling up the wall blanks.
Fig. 7 is a view of the rotary cutter for severing the covering paper.
Fig. 8 is a front view and a plan of a cylinder carrying the rotary circular
cutters.
Fig. 9 represents a detail view of the device operating the rollers for compressing.
and tightening the different layers forming the wall of the boxes.
Figs. 1 to 14 (Sheet IV) represent forms of the different types of boxes; and
Figures 15 to 20 the different shapes of the blanks forming the walls of the
boxes.
The machine is composed of the bed plate A of rectangular form upon which are
fixed (1) three supports AA A³ two of which viz., A1 and A2 are provided with
brackets K supporting the shafts Pa P¹¹ of the cylindrical rotary cutters for the

page_text: •
covering paper or material, and having at one side notches for the bearing of
the shaft F, (2) the frames X and X' supporting respectively the drums M and M¹
of the cardboard or material for the walls and bottoms and the drums N and N' of
the covering material for the outer surface of the boxes and the part extending
into the cover.
The rotary system of the machine consists of five main shafts B, C, D, E, and F
(Fig. 2) the lower one of which B, is the operating or driving shaft which trans-
mits the movement to the main shaft C (Figs. 3 and 4) by means of the pinion a
and the gear keyed' on the shaft C. The latter, by means of gear wheels,
communicates an intermittent or alternating movement to the other shafts and to
the complementary shaft of the covering paper cutters.
The driving or operating shaft B placed in the lowest part of the machine
carries three wheels viz., two driving pulleys and Q (Figs. 34 and 5) one fixed
and the other loose and the pinion a.
The main shaft C carries four wheels between the supports A and A³ designated
by the letters d be and e (Fig. 3) and two friction cams fg a brush h and a
pinion between the supports Aª and A', and two other friction cams & outside
the support A¹.
The shaft D, at the right of the support A³ (Fig. 1) and between the
supports A A2 (Fig. 4) carries three toothed wheels p¹²; and between the
supports A A¹ the circular rotary cutter q, and outside the support A' the toothed
wheel r.
Br
The shaft G, which is placed at the top of the machine and, in addition to
rotary movement has an axial rocking or reciprocating movement, carries between
the supports A As (Fig. 3) a pinion s of sufficient length to prevent its unmeshing
from the pinion s' in the rocking movement of the shaft. This axial movement is
imparted to it by a forked rod 15 pivotted in e¹ and operated by a cam wheel z
having on its periphery a groove engaging with a stud fixed to the rod at the
point. In the upper or forked end of this rod slides & stud fixed on the above
mentioned shaft G. This shaft terminates between the supports Aª A¹ (Figs. 3
and 6) in a pin or uproller (Fig. 6) sliding in a sleeve in having also a very
limited axial movement nearly simultaneous to that of the shaft. The said axial
movement is alternating and that of G is controlled by the lever system gl g³ and
plate g; that of the sleeve m by the amount of its axial travel, moving the
sleeve me for a small distance. This shifting movement is to permit the box,-
released by the pin in its movement from left to right (Figs. 3 and 6), to fall
more freely into the hopper or discharge receptacle.
On the prolongation of the shaft and on the same axle therewith, in the
interior of the support A¹, is arranged a device for cutting the bottoms of the
boxes out of an endless band of material carried by the feeding rollers 7 and 8,
and for attaching same to the underside. of the wall in a manner which will be
called hereafter "graft" and "grafting This device is operated by levers 1ª (3
(Fig. 3) from cams k keyed on the shaft C.
The shaft E, between the supports A³ A³ carries two toothed wheels and o¹
The latter of these wheels meshes with the intermediary pinion s' keyed on the
shaft s supported on two arms s turning independently from the shaft E, and
between AA it carries three sleeves m¹ m² m³, of which m¹ is fixed to the shaft
and the others turn independently. The sleeve mi has an arm with a toothed
sector to turn, at each revolution of shaft E, the pinion u connected with the roller 8
(Fig. 6), and to feed forward consequently the material of a quantity corresponding
to one bottom. The sleeve m2 has three arms, the two upper ones of which have
the form shown in Fig. 9 and operate a device connecting three rollers the object
of which is to exert pressure on the blank in order to tighten and press together
the different layers or windings of the wall.
The sleeve:m has two arms, the upper of which, by a lever system operates the
rollers t¹ (Figs. 3 and 9) connected to the sleeve device m² and the lower one is

page_text: "
connected to a fork lever (Fig. 4) loosely mounted on the shaft F but operated
by a friction roller vi resting on the periphery of a cam wheel f (Fig. 3).
The lower arm of the sleeve ma is similarly connected to a friction roller 'v
operated by the cam g (Fig. 3); this arm is held in its normal position by means
of a spring fixed on the trough of the cement cylinder (Fig. 1).
On the sides of the supports A and A', on separate bearings, is arranged a sixth
shaft F (Figs. 2 and 4) which carries in the interior of said supports the lower
cutting cylinder q', and a pinion operating the pinion i (Fig. 3) connected to the
brush by means of another pinion mounted on a pivot, and outside the support A¹
a gear wheel r and a pulley m for transmission of the movement to the pulley m
of the glue cylinder m³.
On the brackets K of the supports A' and A four small shafts are arranged, two
upper ones P¹¹ and two lower ones P z. On the shafts P P blade or cutter
cylinders are mounted for cutting the covering material for the boxes, the upper
one for the outer surface of the wall, and the lower one for the part of the wall
extending into the cover.
The shafts P and P¹ extend beyond the support A³, and the pinions 3 and 4
keyed on their respective ends receive an alternating movement from the toothed
wheels p and p³, as is easily seen from Fig. 4.
Outside the support A³ (Fig. 1) a pivot is mounted, which is connected in the
interior of the support, with an arm operated by a cam or wheel d, a series of
levers g¹³ caused by spring to return into the normal position (Fig. 1) every
time the said cam has caused it to descend in the direction of the arrow, in order
to allow the shaft G to project out of the support A³ (in its axial movement), and
to allow the completed box to fall down into the hopper below.
The stop (Fig. 3) connected at two different points to the support A³, receives
its 'movement from a cam provided on the edge of the pulley-wheel e. This stop
or catch prevents axial movement of the sleeve during the winding up of the strip.
A spring also fixed on the support A brings the lever system to which the stop
lever is connected, into its normal position after it has been released by the
said cam.
A third lever system is that arranged outside the support A¹ (Fig. 2). This
system operates a kind of lammer the object of which is to strike the box dis-
engaged from the uproller pin, in case it, for any reason, does not fall down. The
operating lever turns on the pivot y' and is worked by a cam on the side of the
wheel (Fig. 3).
On shaft (Figs. 2 and 4) are mounted two sleeves provided with arms, the ends
of which are connected by a shaft on which a roller turns. The latter has for its
object to exert a pressure on the covering paper so as to make it adhere to the
cardboard or other material of which the box is made. As this paper represents
but one winding or layer, the roller must exert an intermittent pressure. For this
purpose the sanie roller is provided with a dovice which keeps the cardboard away
as soon as the covering paper has passed by.
On the brackets of the supports A¹ A³, and particularly on the upper one, are
provided lugs, the inner one of which supports an arm on which is keyed a
sleeve provided with an arm having at its end a spanning cylinder, the object of
wliich is to strike the endless land and sever from the latter a length equal to a
wall blank, which length has already been determined and nearly detached by the
passage of the band through the cutters 7 7, as will be seen later on.
On the support A3 (Fig. 3), and precisely in the vertical line of the feeding
pinion two friction rollers 7 and 8 are arranged to keep perfectly vertical the
material for the bottoms which is unwound from the drum M¹ and to cause it to
advance regularly to an extent corresponding to one bottom. The glue or cement
cylinder revolves within a trough h¹ (Figs. 1 and 2) advantageously provided with
a false bottom for the purpose of heating it, by steam circulating therein; this

page_text: trough is supported by bearing f fixed on brackets provided on the
supports A¹ A³.*
.
Having thus described the different parts or organs of which the machine is
composed, the operation of saine will now be described. It must therefore be
assumed that for manufacturing the boxes the following operations are necessary:— {
I preparing the blank for the wall,
1) preparing the blank for the wall,
2) preparing the bottom;
3) attaching the covering paper or material to the blank,
4) rolling up the blank, .e., forming the wall;
5) joining the bottom to the wall.
From the above, and from Fig. 1, it will be seen that for carrying out the above
mentioned operations four drums or spools are necessary i.e. M M N and N¹.
On the drum M the band for the wall is wound up, on M¹ that for the bottom,
on N that of the covering material for the wall, and on N that for that part of
the box entering the cover or lid.
The said drums having been provided with their bands of cardboard, paper or
other material, the bands must be placed into their respective guides. Thus the
band for the bottoms will be inserted between the feeding rollers 7 and 8, (Figs. 3
and 6); that for the walls will be placed on the glue cylinder and then between
the rotary cutters; the band of the covering paper for the walls is inserted between
the rollers Pland and that for the part entering the cover is placed between the
rollers Panda. By putting the machine in motion, i.e. by transferring the driving
belt from the loose to the fixed pulley, all the different devices are put in either
continuous or alternating movement, according to their respective functions. The
band for the walls, unwinding from the drum M, before passing on the uproller
pin (Fig. 6) on shaft G, is submitted to a series of operations the first of which
is the cementing, the second consists of the different cuts of the blanks according
to the form the box is to assume, the third is the attachment on the blank of
the covering paper, and the fourth the severing from the band of a length corre-
sponding to the blank which,, when wound up, will form the wall proper of the
box.
The first operation is carried out by means of the cement cylinder, the second by
the cutters, the third by the presser rolls the fourth by the uproller pin d².
On the machine being set in motion the different bands of material are unwound
from their drums according to requirements. The band for the walls in passing
over the glue cylinder will be covered with a layer of glue or cement, the super-
fluous cement being removed by means of a scraper or blade e¹ (Fig. 1) over which
the glued band passes before entering between the rotary cutters.
Said cutters make longitudinal cuts in the band for the walls, in order to obtain
the indenture of the underside of the blank necessary for holding the bottom (sec
Sheet IV), which operation cannot be executed by ordinary scissors, as is the case
with the transverse cuts. Said circular cutters (Figs. 4 and 8) are mounted, on or
formed in one circle, two cylinders, g', the projecting flange of the upper one
slightly overlapping the blades of the lower cylinder q', the total circumference of
the periphery of either of them representing in length, height and form exactly
the shape of the wall or body of the box being manufactured. For forming the
transverse cuts which sever from the endless band the blank representing the wall
of the box, there is fixed on the lower cylinder q¹ (Fig. 4) a kind of transverse zig-
zag or notched steel blade radially projecting from the cylinder for a length
nearly equal to the thickness of the cardboard. (It is easily understood that for
cuts of half the thickness of the board the length will be reduced accordingly).
For the purpose of producing the indenture, the lower cylinder ql is provided on
its circumference with an indented blade of the required length and having the
same diameter as the cylinder, while the cylinder q has a corresponding smooth
surface the diameter of which corresponds to the body of the cylinder q'. On its

page_text: passage between these two cylinders the blank receives its indenture and the form
required for the wall according to Figs. 15-20 (Sheet IV). The necessary cuts
for the walls of polygonal boxes are effected by blades provided on the lower
cylinder q', instead of the zigzag blade, in number equal to that of the sides if
the fold is effected on but one winding, and in number equal to that of the sides
multiplied with the number of the windings if the fold is effected on a number of
windings. On the two shafts carrying the cylinders or rotary cutters are mounted,
outside the support A', two gear wheels (Fig. 4) of a small and exact thread,
in mesh the one with the other, the lower one carrying a pulley m the object of
which is to transmit the movement to a similar pulley keyed on the shaft of the
glue cylinder m5 (Fig. 2) so that this cylinder revolves in the direction of the
arrows, ie so as to feed the cardboard between the rotary cutters. The two
cylinders turn in opposite directions, viz., the lower one from the right to the left
(Fig. 2), so that the glue cylinder also revolves in the same direction.
Of the shafts B and C have a continuous movement, the others D, E, F, G, P; a, P¹
and X an intermittent or alternating movement. A set of gear wheels keyed on
these shafts receive motion from the wheels keyed on the shaft C.
The wheel & meslies with the wheel o, the wheel o¹ keyed on the shaft E meshes
with the pinion s', the latter with the pinion s keyed on shaft G. The wheel c
gears with the wheel p keyed on shaft 1) (Fig. 4) and the wheels pl and p³ respec-
tively with the pinion / keyed on shaft Pand with the pinion 2-keyed on shaft Pl.
Pinions 3 and 4 keyed on the shafts P and P gear with the corresponding
pinions of the lower shafts al .
The wheels fg (Fig. 3) keyed on shaft Care cam wheels arranged at the left
of the support A and operating the levers or arms provided on the sleeves m³ m³³
(Fig. 3), by means of small rollers V, VI,
The uprolling device has already been mentioned, without however describing
it in detail. This device consists of a pin d² the diameter and length of which are
equal to those of the box to be manufactured. This pin slides in a sleeve m
(Fig. 6) and receives a double movement, viz., a reciprocating one from the lever 15,
and a rotary one from the pinion s¹. Said pin is hollow, and has an axial slot
the function of which is to grip the band for the wall of the box. The sleeve mo
has also a slight axial play, so that when the pin has thoroughly entered its interior
and passes out of the box, it pushes it a little towards the support A³, thereby.
effecting the entire disengagement of the box and allowing it to fall down into
the hopper, the hammer y (Fig. 2) assisting if necessary.
The bottom of the box is produced by means of a cylindrical chisel or cutter
working in a cylinder which has the function of a die, the details of which being
simple and well known have been omitted. The movement of this chisel is
alternating and is communicated to it by the lever operated by a cam wheel k.
To each blank or wall corresponds one bottom severed from the endless band of
material, the intermittent travel of which is produced by the pinion . The
bottom, when cut out, remains in the hollow circular chisel. In order to push the
bottom out of the chisel and attach or ("graft") it to the lower part of the box.
there is provided a plunger sliding within the chisel and operated by lever ♬ and
cam 7. Said plunger has an alternating movement and acts so that, as soon as
the last but one of the windings has been performed, the bottom is attached to
the box and surrounded by the last winding or layer of the wall. A spring 5
causes the plunger to return to its place after each motion.
THEORY AND WORKING OF THE MACHINE.
Suppose the cardboard paper or other suitable material to form the body or
wall of the box is unwound in an endless band from the drum, and the blanka
are gradually severed from the band, it is evident that every blank will be rolled
up separately, then provided with a bottom and finally released: It will be easily
understood that for this operation two movements will take place (1) an alternating
movement (2) a continuous movement, which is easily understood by the fact

page_text: '
that while the pin d (Fig. 6) is rolling up the first blank the next one is obliged
to stop and wait until the operation necessary for completing the first box has been
accomplished. The same machine may be provided with two uprollers, two pairs
of rotary cutters; in this case the second blank is not obliged to stop, as it is
gripped by the second uproller, thereby forming a double machine.
The machine illustrated by the annexed drawings is a single one, having one
aproller, one pair of cutters, &c. To obtain the alternating movement, the main
shaft C having a continuous movement is provided with wheels c and d (Figs. 1, 3
and 4) toothed on half their circumference while the other half is provided with
a projecting crown. These wheels mesh at intervals with the wheels o and 13,
the former being keyed on shaft E and the latter on shaft D..
Considering now the box to be constituted by a number of windings of card-
board, paper, or other material, the band e' forming the body or wall of the box
will first pass over the glue cylinder me where it receives a certain quantity of glue
which is then reduced to the necessary amount by means of a scraper or blade c¹
(Fig. 1); from the glue cylinder the cardboard is then fed to the cylinders or
rotary cutters, where it is cut according to the form required for the blank. In its
revolution the upper cylinder q, with the aid of the rotary cutters, carries it
upwards where it continues to travel on a horizontal plane towards the rolling-up
pin (Fig. 6).
The uproller d (Fig. 6) does not rotate in that moment, its axial slot ( registering
with the said horizontal plan; the pin having been axially shifted towards the
supports A2, A3, it is then caused to return to its normal position shown in Fig. 6;
in effecting this movement the cardboard slightly projecting is inserted in the slot
of the pin which when it has arrived in place begins to turn (accompanied in its
movement by the cutters which also begin to rotate) drawing off the band in its
revolution.
The band in coming out from the cutters and rising upwards has received the
covering paper for the part of the box entering the cover which unwinds from the
drum N and is cut by the knife of roller l' of the set P, and the covering paper
for the walls unwinding from the drum N' (Figs. 1 and 2), is cut by the blade of
roller P1 of the set P¹¹.
A pressure roller supported by two arms connected to two sleeves on shaft ! has
the function to exert a pressure on the said covering paper in order to keep it better
attached to the board during the unwinding of same.
After the band has left the rotary cutters it continues its travel in a horizontal
plane, and when its end has entered the axial slot of the pin, a spanning roll rises
to give the winding a certain tension, so that the different windings adhiere firmly to
each other. As soon as the last winding has been commenced, a second roller
strikes the band so as to sever the blank of the first wall from the subsequent oue.
When the uproller turns to begin the last winding of the wall, the plunger
operated by the lever to from the campushes the bottom which meantime has been
cut by the cylindrical chisel operated by lever 13, against the lower part of the wall;
so that the last winding embraces the bottom. While this last, operation is being
accomplished the rollers supported by the arms of the sleeves.m² m², the latter
being operated by the levers carrying the friction rollers, approach to the box giving
it a greater consistence by compressing its several windings.
When the wall is entirely wound up, the pin de stops and moves axially with the
sleeve mº for a certain period during which the completed box is disengaged so as
to fall into the hopper aided by the hammer g operated by the system of levers y'.
The rotary movement of the shaft G, and consequently thint of the pin is com-
municated to the pinions (Fig. 3) by the intermediate pinion s' which latter meshes
with the wheel of keyed on the shaft E. The pinions, as is easily understood from
Fig. 3, is of considerable breadth, as otherwise in its reciprocating movement it
would go out of gear with s'.
When the pin is rolling up the blank, the shaft G is prevented from axial move-
ment by the plate g³ connected to the lever system g' g; but as soon as the box is

page_text: completed said plate descends to permit the shaft G to leave the support A³, ž.e. in
the direction of its axis.
The axial movement is produced by the lever K² operated by the wlieel e..
The
movement of the lever K is in perfect harmony with that of the lever system g¹g³
so that the lowering of the plate 9 slightly precedes that of K³.
The brush h arranged on the main shaft C clears the cutters gq from chips of
paper cut from the blank, as well as from the glue or dust adhering thereto. Said
brush is operated by means of a wheel, not visible in the drawings, which gears with
the pinion and receives its movement from the wheel q² keyed to shaft F.
Having now described the invention it will be useful to refer to the form or shape
of the boxes produced, in order that the advantage of this machine over those
hitherto used may be more easily understood.
It being admitted that the classification of the different descriptions of boxes is
not to be made according to their size but according to their shape, the principle
common to all of the boxes is their being constituted by two different parts, viz. (1)
wall, and (2) bottom, to which (3) the covering paper may be added. As it is a matter
of fact that the classification of the boxes must be made according to their forms,
the latter of course, must be considered from the point of view of their cross section,
i.e. normal to the axis. In this way all boxes, will belong to one or other of the
following groups:
1
3) Regular or irregular polygonal or variform boxes.
These three groups comprise also boxes having indented or corrugated outer
surfaces instead of smooth or even ones.
.
Having thus considered the cross section the longitudinal axial section of the
boxes will be considered!
.In a completed box two essential parts ought to be distinguished; the box proper
and the cover. The latter are of two kinds as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 of the
accompanying drawings. (Sheet IV).
In the first case the difference between the cover and the box depends on the
fact of the latter being over one part of its length of reduced thickness or diameter for
the purpose of enabling the cover to be placed on it; in the second case the inner
diameter of the cover is equal to the outer diameter of the box, the result therefore
is that in the first case there is a difference in external shape whereas in the second
case there is not.
-
In the following description the cover will not be further referred to because it is in
fact simply a box and so the description of the latter will also apply to the cover.
Another distinction must be made respecting the bottoms of the boxes, as there
are projecting and smooth or flush bottoms respectively illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4.
The following is a summary of complete subdivision of all the boxes. All other
boxes are simply modifications of the above types: In each of these twelve types
there are two separate parts which have to be jointed by the machine viz.: 1) the
walls, or sides 11) the bottom, and for neat and cheap boxes, 111, the covering.
The conformation of the blank to be formed depends upon the shape of the bottom,
about which there is nothing to add as it is simply a disc an oval or some polygonal
figure. The joining of it to the walls is effected in accordance with the details of
Figs. 5 to 14 (Sheet IV) inclusive of the accompanying drawings."
In Fig. 5 the bottom is grafted or let in and half the thickness of the side a*
acts as a shoulder e and surrounds it completely with the other half e. The form
of the blank is then that illustrated in Figure 15, that is to say, when the total
length of the blank is divided in two, the part a which will form the inner part of
the box (that on the right hand side) will have a height equal to the total height
of the box a + c minus the thickness of the bottom whilst the part of the left
hand side will constitute when rolled together the outer part of the box.
In Figure 6 the bottom is attached to the wall a in the same manner as in
Fig. 5, but it is besides surrounded and held by a fold f. In this case the blank

page_text: has the shape indicated in Fig. 16, that is to say the inner part a + c fulfils the
same function as in Fig. 5, but the outer part which corresponds to the other half
of the blank has a greater height than that of the box, and this excess f* is notched
in order to enable it to be bent easier in case the transverse section is circular or
oval; if on the contrary this section is polygonal, the said excess will have as many
cuts or notches in the longitudinal direction of the box as there are angles. In
Fig. 7 the bottom is again applied in the same manner as in Fig. 5 and the blank
is the same as that of Fig. 6, only it is inverted as shown in Fig. 17, that is to say
the bottom is affixed after the notched or indented part f has been bent inwards.
In Fig. 8 the bottom is again fixed as in 7 and is besides held by a fold
identical with that of Fig. 6. In this case the blank is as indicated in Fig. 18,
that is to say at first the notched part f on the part a' is bent inwards then the
bottom d is grafted or inserted and the part is bent over it.
In Fig. 9 the bottom dis again inserted as in Fig. 5 and the blank has the same
shape as that indicated in Fig. 15 the difference being that the outer part is covered
with a band f" of thin paper of a width sufficient to enable it to be folded over the
bottom.
This arrangement may be supplementary to that with the folding part forming
one piece with the blank illustrated in Fig. 6.
Fig. 10 shows the arrangement of Fig. 7 combined with that of Fig. 9.
In Fig. 11, the bottom is not grafted but simply rests against the wall and is
held in place by a thin sheet of paper f" as in Fig. 9. The corresponding blank
is the one indicated in Fig. 19.
Fig. 12 represents a similar view with regard to the arrangements shown in
Figs. 8 and 10, the difference being that the edge in this case is bent outwards.
Fig. 13 shows the arrangement of Fig. 7 combined with that of Fig. 10.
Fig. 14 that of the arrangement of Fig. 7 in combination with the one of Fig. 12.
As regards the third part, that is to say the covering it is necessary to consider
the blank under a new aspect, that is to say in relation to the length and number
of times the material is wound round the bottom in order to obtain a certain
thickness.
Assuming the blank to be constituted by a number of layers, the result is that
only the last layer or thickness-the outer one, has to be covered (see Fig. 20
which shows four thicknesses or layers two inner and two outer ones.
If the box is one in which the sides are reduced or of less thickness, to receive
the cover then of course it will be necessary to cover also the part c³ (Fig. 1) but only
the last layer a will be covered (Fig. 20).
Finally it is found that the following conclusions apply with regard to the walls of
a box, whatever be its longitudinal or transverse cross section.
1. The walls a of the box can be constituted by any number of layers formed by
bands of paper or of cardboard, as is proved by the blanks shown in Figs. 15 to 20.
2. The different shapes which the blank can take relatively to the axial section
may belong to any transverse section and vice versa.
3: The walls or sides can be shaped at the top suitable either for boxes with or
without reduced tops and at the bottom may be of one of the following four shapes.
A. A regular shape.
B. A simple flange.
C. A notched flange.

page_text: haracteristic features in common, which is very important, as it conduces to a
nique mechanical theory of industrial manufacture of such boxes of cardboard
aper or other suitable material constituted by (1) a bottom (2) walls, (3) a covering,
which parts are to be formed and joined by the machine."
It is evident that many alterations may be made in the form and arrangements
of the various parts without departing from the scope of the said invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
nvention as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent and in what manner
he same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:-
1. A machine for the manufacture of boxes having the following characteristic
eatures:
.
(a) A feeding device for the cardboard or other suitable material forming the
body of the box.
(b) Drums or spools for the covering material,
(c) Rotary cutters for cutting the box blanks,..
(An uprolling device for the said blanks;
(e) Rotary knives or blades for cutting suitable lengths of covering, paper for
the wall and the part entering the cover;
"
(f) Alternatingly operated gears communicating movement to the rotary
cutters, levers operating the cylindrical chisel for cutting the bottoms, and
plunger for setting them in, or grafting" them to the wall of the box--
and for the alternating rotary and rocking movement of the uproller pin;
(g) A system of intermeshing wheels and pinions communicating motion to a
brush for cleaning the cutters;
(h) Rollers operated by arms attached to sleeves and lever arms for pressing
or compacting the layers forming the wall;
(7) A device operating a cement cylinder,
(k) A system of levers and springs operating a hammer for striking the box
as soon as it is disengaged from the upreller substantially as and for the
purposes set forth;
2. In a machine for the manufacture of boxes of the character described the
ombination of the devices for cutting out of an endless band of paper, cardboard.or
e like suitable lengths corresponding to the wall of the box with devices for
uiding these portions out of the rotary cutters, and means for severing said lengths
r portions from the band substantially as set forth.
3. In a machine of the character described the combination of devices for advanc
g the paper band over the cement cylinder with devices for guiding said bands
rough the rotary cutters substantially as set forth.
4. In a machine of the character described the combination of devices for cutting
ngths of covering paper, with devices for causing the same to adhere to the blanks
the walls substantially as set forth.
5. In a machine of the character described the combination of devices for rolling
p the blanks forming the walls of the box with devices for cutting the bottoms
hd attaching same to the lower part of the wall and with levers and friction rollers
cams, substantially as set forth:
6. In a machine of the character described series of levers permitting the shaft G,
pin and sleeve m respectively to move axially substantially as and for the
urpose set forth.
7. In a machine of the character described the arrangement of gear wlieels and
artially toothed pinions for transmitting the alternating rotary movement to the
lling-up pin the rotary cutters,, the cylindrical chisel, the spanning roll, the
eeves operating the compressing roller device and the feeding sector of the bottom
and and the brush substantially as set forth.
I
8. In a machine of the character described the construction and arrangement of
e supports of the different shafts on which the wheel sets are keyed substantially
set forth.

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9. In a machine of the character described' the several partially toothed gearings
for giving intermittent motion substantially as described.
[..
10. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the complete box
making machine substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.