Improved Machinery for Shaping the Teeth of Bevil and Spur Wheels.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Apr., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 14th Jan., 1891-Accepted, 14th Feb., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Machinery for Shaping the Teeth of Bevil and Spur
Wheels.
1, HENRY GREENWOOD, of Albion Works, Leeds, in the County of York,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to provide, in one machine, the means for shaping
the teeth of bevil and spur wheels in an expeditious and efficient manner.
To this end we combine on a bed plate an adjustable shaping machine with an
apparatus for carrying and dividing the wheels to be cut.
Upon this plate we mount a segmental plate, which turns on a pivot pin standing
up from the bed plate. The circumferential edge of the segment plate is provided
with teeth, into which gears a worm carried by a spindle which turns in bearings
on the bed plate. To this worm is imparted an intermittent feed motion by means
of a ratchet wheel with pawl and suitable gear, driven from the main driving shaft
of the machine, and furnished with an automatic stop motion for disengaging the
pawl from the ratchet wheel. This feed motion is only required to be used when
shaping the teeth of bevil wheels.
Mounted adjustably on the segment plate is a bracket bearing which serves to
carry the front neck of the dividing spindle. The rear end of this spindle is carried
in a fixed bracket so situate with regard to the adjustable bracket, that the axis of
the spindle will form a radius of the segment plate. The head of this spindle is
socketted to receive a mandril on which is fitted the cast toothed wheel to be
shaped up.
A bracket bearing bolted to the segment plate, serves to support this mandril in
position. On the rear end of the spindle is fitted a worm dividing wheel, having a
sliding feather which keys it to the spindle. and gearing into this wheel is a worm
forming part of a dividing apparatus. This worm with its dividing apparatus is
carried by means of a bracket pivotted on the spindle and supported in the fixed
bracket.
The bracket carrying the worm serves also to carry a segmental lever having
teeth formed on its outer edge, into which a small pinion gears for adjusting its
endway position. On the outer end of the segmental lever is fitted the copy or
former, which, by being held against one of a pair of steel plates or resistance
pieces, situate as will be presently explained, governs the form of the tooth to
be cut.
The shaping machine is arranged so that it may be adjusted to any required
position for shaping the teeth of bevil or spur wheels of varying diameters. It is
mounted upon an adjustable slide plate resting upon guides on the foundation plate.
This slide plate carries a vertical frame, which is adjustable thereon, and which
serves to support a horizontal sliding bed. Upon the upper surface of this bed is
mounted transversely the shaping machine arm carrying the tool box. The shaping
arm receives a reciprocating motion by means of a link motion and suitable gearing
driven from the main driving shaft. The sliding bed is fitted with a self acting
feed motion comprising a ratchet wheel and pawl, with automatic stop motion for
throwing the pawl out of gear. This feed motion is only required to be used when
shaping the teeth of spur wheels. Upon the outer end of the slding bed is fitted
an adjustable bracket which carries the steel plates or resistance pieces before
mentioned, against which the former or copy is kept in contact by means of a
weight.
ia
"
The action of this weight, by holding the "former" in contact with one or t
<ther
of the steel plates, will ensure the wheel receiving a slight axial motion through the

page_text: feed movement of the sliding bed carrying the steel plates, and thus the sides of
ench tooth will be presented to the cutting tool in a manner that will ensure their
receiving the shape of the former." It is to permit of this movement of the
wheel, that the dividing wheel and spindle and their accessories, are free to turn
together, while the dividing wheel and spindle are capable of rotating independently
of the bracket carrying the worm, and the segment lever mounted therein.
When the machine is intended to operate upon a bevil wheel, and that wheel is
fitted to the mandril which is designed to carry it, the segment plate is brought
round to such an angle as will present the bevilled surface of the wheel parallel to
the path of the cutting tool, and in like manner, when a spur wheel is to be cut, its
periphery will be brought parallel to the path of the cutting tool. When all the
teeth of a bevil wheel have had one side în turn presented to the action of the
cutter, it will be necessary, in order to net upon the other side of the teeth, to shift
the former into contact with the opposite steel plate, by reversing the pull of the
pendent weight.
A reversed tool is then fitted to the tool holder, and the operation is continued
as before.
11000
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Machinery for Shaping the Teeth of Bevil and Spur
Wheels.
| HENRY GREENWOOD of Albion Works, Leeds in the County of York,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The object of this invention is to provide, in one machine, the means for
shaping the teeth of both bevil and spur wheels in an expeditious and efficient
m inner.
To this end, combine, on a bed plate, an adjustable shaping apparatus with an
apparatus for carrying and dividing the wheels to be cut. This constitutes the
mechanism for shaping the teeth of spur wheels.
In order, however, to provide for the shaping of the teeth of bevil wheels. I
mount upon the bed plate a segmental plate which is designed to carry the work
and abo the dividing apparatus, and which serves to present the bevil wheels
supplied to the machine at any desired angle to the cutting tool of the shaping
apparatus.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is a plan view of the machine complete, shewn as arranged to operate
upon the teeth of a spur wheel.
Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the same, and
Fig. 3 is a sectional end elevation, taken on the line 1-2 of Fig. 1.
Figs. 4 and shew on an enlarged scale, in plan and end views, the mechanism
for giving an intermittent feed to the shaping apparatus for the cutting of spur
wheels.
Fig. 6 shews, detached, the bracket which carries the contact pieces, against
which rests the former," or "copy," that determines the shape of the teeth to be
cut, and Fig. 7 shews in partial plan view the arrangement of the machine when
working upon bevil wheels.
AA is the bed plate of the machine, bolted to which are standards A' A² A³
A and A, for carrying the bearings for the shafting from which all the automatic
movements of the meclianism are derived.
Near the centre of the bed plate A stands up a pivot pin a, to receive a
segment plate B, furnished, on its circumferential edge, with rack teeth. This

page_text: segmental plate is furnished with a post , which stands immediately over the
pivot pin a.
The plate B is also provided with a fixed bracket bearing & and an adjustable
bracket bearing 2, which latter is fitted to slide in guides on the segment plate B.
C is a shaft mounted in the bracket bearings BB, a sleeve being interposed
between it and the bearing ', for the purpose to be presently explained. The
shaft C is furnished with retaining collars, which secure it to the adjustable
bracket bearing, and keyed to it is the dividing wheel C, the shaft being
grooved throughout its length to permit of its sliding longitudinally through the
boss of the dividing wheel.
The inner end of this shaft is socketted to receive the squared end of a
mandril D, which carries the work D' to be operated upon. The opposite end of
this mandril is supported on a centre carried by the post b, and the mandril is
held securely in place by shifting the bracket bearing towards the mandril by
means of an adjusting screw b.
The sleeve in the bearing carries a bracket bearing, which serves to
support the shaft C of the arm C³, in gear with the worm teeth of the dividing
whcel C.
Made fast to the top of the bracket, is a notched plate C4, concentric with
the shaft C, which passes up through it to receive a handle C for turning it and
the worm C which it carries.
Fitted to this handle is a spring catch C, which drops into the notches of the
plate C, but rises up clear of the same when the handle is grasped by the operator,
to move the dividing wheel C. As this dividing mechanism is mounted on the
adjustable segment plate B, it will follow the movements of the work when the
same is required to be adjusted (as is the case with bevil wheels) to incline
the axis of the wheel to the line of traverse of the cutting tool. But when the
mechanism is required to operate upon the teeth of spur wheels only, the segment
plate B will then serve merely as the fixed base for the dividing mechanism.
The shaping apparatus may be described as consisting of a compound slide
which carries the tool holder for shaping the teeth of the wheels.
E is an adjustable slide plate, resting upon guides on the foundation plate A,
and capable of receiving a lateral adjustment through a traversing screw e, to suit
varying diameters of work. This slide plate carries a vertical frame E³, which is
adjustable thereon towards and from the work, and is held in position by means of
screw bolts. This vertical frame E' serves to support a horizontal sliding bed E³,
and for this purpose it is formed with guides to receive the sliding bed, which is
moved up to and from the work by means of a traversing screw el. The face of
this sliding bed is formed with transverse guides to receive a traversing slide E³,
which carries the tool holder, and imparts motion to the tool E*.
The motion of this traversing tool holder is derived from a crank plate E³, the
axle of which passes through a boss cast with the sliding bed E. This axle, below
the boss, receives a bevil wheel 1, in gear with a pinion 2, which has its bearing in
a bracket pendent from the underside of the sliding bed E, and receives rotary
motion from the main driving shaft G, as will be hereafter explained.
Fulcrummed on the top of the bed E2, is a lever E, which overlies the crank
plate E, and receives, in a longitudinal slot with which it is provided, a block
fitted to the crank pin. Pivotted to the free end of this lever is a rod E', which
connects it with the tool holder slide E, and imparts a reciprocating motion
thereto, as the crank plate is rotated by the bevil gearing 1. 2.
Thus, when, by the advance of the sliding bed ³, the cutting tool E is brought
into line with its work, the tool will, as the crank plate rotates, be caused to pass
over the side of the tooth presented to its action.
In order that a fresh portion of the tooth may be properly presented to the
tool on its next advance, and so on until the shaping of the one side of the tooth is
completed, the following contrivance is adopted.
F, Figs. 1 and 2, is a segment shaped rack bar carried by the bracket &, through

page_text: which it is free to slide, it being actuated by a pinion mounted on the bracket,
the pinion spindle being squared to receive a handle for turning it. This rack bar
carries, at its forward end, an axially adjustable horizontal stem, which is bored
vertically to receive an axially adjustable slotted stud 2, into which fits the tang
of a double faced "former" or "copy "F, corresponding in shape with the sides
of the tooth to be eut.
Mounted on the Interally projecting extremity of the sliding bed E, is a
bracket, shewn detached at Fig. 6. This bracket carries two contact
pieces 77, against one or other of which the "former" is held, as the work of
shaping the tooth progresses, by means of a weighted cord, connected to one or
other of two eyes formed on the upper and lower edges of the rack bar F.
This cord, when laid over guide pulleys, as shewn drawn at Figs. 2 and 6, will
cause the rack bar to hold the former in contact with the upper contact piece/"³,
which is the position desired when the upper side of the tooth is to be acted upon.
When, however, the weighted rond is attached to the rack bar F, as indicated by
dots in Fig. 2. the former" F will bear upon the contact piece, which is the
position required for operating on the lower side of the tooth.
The bracket is adjusted by incuns of a screw, , to bring one or other of the
contact pieres in line with the former." according to whether the upper or the
underside of the tooth is to be operated upon. The adjustment of the former,
that it may take its proper bearing, is effected by the operator at the time of
Shifting the position of the bracket F².
"
From the above remarks it will be understood that the bracket in which the rack
bar l' slides, must also be free to rock, to allow of the necessary tipping of the rack
bar, when the former or "copy" is raised or depressed by the automatic advance
of the contact pieces, as the sliding bed is fed forward. This freedom of the
bracket to rock is due to its being carried by a sleeve, of which it forms a part.
and which, as already explained, rests in the fixed bearing.
Before describing the action of the machine in shaping the teeth of spur wheels,
it should he remarked that the feed motion which shifts the position of the tool
relatively to the work, is automatic, as is also the shifting of the work under the
netion of the former" or "copy" to correspond with the advanced position taken
up by the tool, preparatory to its repeating its cut.
"
It should also remarked that in operating upon bevil wheels, the work is
automatically fed up to the tool, as well as tipped by the netion of the "forner"
or "copy,” to ensure the proper shaping of the teeth. The mechanism by which
these automatic movements are obtained, I will now proceed to describe.
"
G. Fig. 1 and 2, is the main driving shaft, working in bearings in the
standards AA. Keyed to this shaft is a come pulley, which receives motion
through a driving band from over-head shafting. The driving shaft G is grooved
longitudinally to receive the feather of a mitre wheel 5, which is carried in a
bearing 6, standing up from the slide E. In this bearing is also mounted a shaft 3,
which is at right angles to the driving shaft G. This shaft 3 is grooved longi-
tudinally to receive the feather of the bevil pinion 2 before referred to, and also a
mitre wheel 4, in gear with the mitre wheel 5 on the driving shaft G. This mitre
wheel is, like the mitre wheel 5, carried by the bearing 6. The opposite end of
the shaft 3 to that carried by the bearing 6, rests in a detachable bearing 6º,
bolted to the forward end of the slide E.
7 is a spur pinion having a feather which enters the groove of the shaft 3, and
carried by the frame E' in such a manner that it is free to rotate with its shaft, und
move with the adjustment of the frame. Gearing into this pinion (see Figs. 4 and 5),
is a toothed crank wheel 8, fitted with a short axle, which works in a boss formed
on the end of the frame E. The adjustable crank pin of this wheel is connected
by a rod 9 with a divided rock lever 10, fulcrummed on the traversing screw e
before mentioned, and embracing a ratchet wheel 11 keyed to the screw.
Mounted in this divided lever, is a pawl 12, which drops into the teeth of the
ratchet wheel, and serves, by the rocking of the lever, to turn the screw, and thereby

page_text: impart an intermittent feed motion to the traversing bed E2 which carries the tool
holder. To obtain an automatic arrest of this feed motion when the tool has
reached the root of the tooth under treatment, the following contrivance is
adopted
Pivotted to the rock lever 10, is a bell crank lever 13, the raised arm of which
receives a tendency, through a tension spring 14, to trip the pawl 12 out of gear
with the ratchet wheel 11, on the completion of one course of the tool's working.
To control this tendency, a stop 15, pendent from the lever 10, bears upon the
lower limb of the bell crank lever, and thus keeps that lever out of action. When,
however, this pendent stop is tripped, the pawl will be thrown up clear of the
ratchet wheel teeth, and the further movement of the rock lever 10 will have no
effect on the traversing screw c'. This tripping of the stop is effected by the
rotation of a spur wheel 16, mounted on a stud axle on the frame E', and carrying
a pin which, as the wheel rotates, is caused to strike the stop out of contact with
the bell crank lever, thus leaving it free to act upon the pawl, as already explained,
and thereby stopping the further rotation of the traversing screw.
It is through a spur pinion 17, keyed on the traversing screw e', that the wheel 16
is driven.
When the action of the machine is thus arrested, it becomes the duty of the
operator to move back the sliding bed E2, with its tool holder, to the starting
position.
To this end, the screw e' is fitted with a hand wheel, e, the rapid motion of which
to the left, will return the acting parts to their starting position. It will then be
only necessary for the operator to shift his dividing wheel, to bring a fresh tooth
under the action of the cutting tool, and to restore the pawl to its acting position,
when the work will proceed as before.
It will be understood that the advance of the sliding bed E, carrying with it the
contact pieces, against one or other of which the copy "F, carried by the
rocking bar, bears, causes the gradual rocking of the work, and the consequent
proper shaping of the tooth by the traversing tool, the movement of which, it is
unnecessary to arrest, while effecting the readjustment of the machine.
The shaping of the teeth of the spur wheels, it will be understood, is produced by
parallel cuts of the tool E, and hence the advance of the sliding bed E², on which
the tool is mounted, serves to shift the tool to its proper position, for renewing
the cut.
When operating on hevil wheels, the lines of cut in the formation of a tooth,
must all converge to one given point on the line of the wheel's axis.
In adapting, therefore, the machine to this work, the movement of the sliding bed
is stopped, and the work is advanced to the tool, E', by turning the segment shaped
plate B on its pivot, by means of a worm operated by a hand wheel. The
mechanism for giving this plate an automatic feed, and stopping it at the proper
moment, is substantially the same as that just described for working the traversing
scrow e¹.
It is shewn in the plan view Fig. 1, and also in Fig. 7, which represents the
segment plate B as properly set for presenting a bevil wheel to the cutting tool,
and the bearing 6* removed from the slide E, to give room for the advance of the
frame to the inner end of the slide E.
Keyed to the driving shaft (, is a spur pinion 18, which takes into a spur
wheel 19. keyed to a short shaft 20, and carried in bearings on the standards A
On the outer end of this short shaft 20, is a mitre wheel 21, which gears into a
mitre wheel 22, keyed on the shaft 23, having its bearings on the standards A³ A*.
The outer end of this shaft 23 carries a mitre wheel 24, which gears into a mitre
wheel 25, on a short vertical shaft 26, mounted in the bracket bearing of the
standard A, which is a hollow post. Keyed to the upper end of the short shaft 26,
is a crank plate 27, serving, like the toothed crank wheel 8, by its rotation through
a connecting rod 9, divided lever 10, and pawl 12, to turn, through a ratchet
wheel 11, the shaft E, which carries the ratchet wheel.

page_text: This shaft is supported in bearings in the hollow post Aª, and it carries, at its
lower end, a mitre wheel 28, which drives, through a nitre wheel 29, a horizontal
shaft 30. This shaft carries a worm 31 in gear with the teeth of the segment
plate B, for the purpose of imparting an intermittent axial motion thereto.
The shaft 30 is carried by a bearing in the post A, and by a box hearing Aº,
bolted to the bed plate A. This bearing A, embraces the worm, to receive the end
thrust thereof, while at the same time it serves to keep down, on the bed plate, the
segment plate B.
ก
"It will now be understood, that as the segment plate is moved by means of the
pawl 12, after every stroke of the tool during the formation of a tooth, the cuts of
the tool will all converge to a common centre, and thus the varying depth of the
tooth, throughout its length, will be provided for, while at the same time the proper
configuration of the tooth is secured” by the “copy carried by the rocking rack
bar F.
་་
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is
The arrangement of machinery above described for shaping the teeth of hevil
and spur wheels, wherein an automatic feed, and stop motion, is provided for
bringing, at pleasure, the traversing tool to the work, or the work to the traversing
tool, and arresting the action of the machine, and wherein also the axial motion of
the work is controlled (independently of the dividing wheel control) by means of a
former
or "copy," for the purpose of giving the requisite profile form to the
teeth.
Dared this 14th day of January 1891