FOR THE DISINFECTION AND DEODORISATION OF ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jean Francois Victor Larnaudès, of No..2, Rue
Gabrielle, Montmartre, near Paris, in the Empire of France, Gentleman,
for the Invention "FOR THE DISINFECTION AND DEODORISATION OF ANIMAL
AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES."
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Jean Francois Victor Lar-
naudès at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
and Declaration, on the 8th April 1857, pursuant to the 9th section of
the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JEAN
FRANCOIS VICTOR LARNAUDES, of No. 2, Rue Gabrielle, Montmartre, near
Paris, in the Empire of France, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in the possession of an Invention "FOR THE DISINFECTION.
AND DEODORISATION OF ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES," and have petitioned
Her Majesty to grant unto mic, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her
Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn declaration that I
verily believe myself to be the first and true Inventor thereof;
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jean Francois Victor Larnaudès, do
hereby declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and
seal, fully describes the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed (that is to say) :-

page_text: My Invention consists in the production of a liquid disinfectant by the
admixture in certain proportions of the sulphates of zinc and copper with
water, which is found to possess certain and infallible effects in deodorising
and disinfecting all animal and vegetable substances passing or having passed
into a state of putrescent decomposition. This liquid (which I designate anti-
mephetic water) added to such matters immediately absorbs the various gases
emanating from their decomposition, and arrests all further progress in the
generation of such gases. It is particularly active in decomposing sulphurretted
bydrogen and ammoniacal gas by such absorption, hence it will be regarded as
a necessary and valuable auxilliary in the laboratory. Applied to drains,
cesspools, water-closets, common sewers, tan pits, fresh hides, glue factories,
bilge water in holds of ships, its effects are equally certain and immediately
demonstrated; and after having fulfilled the intended purpose of deodorisation
and disinfection, the sewage water, feces, &c., are converted into a valuable
manure by the addition of sulphate of lime. It is singularly useful in
disinfecting and purifying the air in hospitals, sick rooms, barracks, theatres,
and other places where the air is contaminated by the congregation of many
persons or other causes. It is eminently preservative when injected into the
veins, arteries, and interior of dead bodies, and therefore can safely be relied
upon as a means of embalming.
The anti-mephitic water being found to possess such certain powers, can
therefore be relied upon, and used as a safe and certain deodoriser and disin-
fectant for all purposes.
Having described the nature and properties of my anti-mephitic water, I
now proceed to describe its manufacture and the manner of using it (that is
to say):
To produce one litre I take water, 935 grammes, in which I dissolve 100
grammes of sulphate of zinc and one and a half grammes of sulphate of
copper; when these salts are completely dissolved the disinfectant is ready for
the manifold purposes for which it is intended. The proportions here given
are French measure, reduced into English they will be as follow:-Water,
935 parts; sulphate of zinc 100 parts; sulphate of copper 1½ parts (by weight);
thus prepared the disinfectant is of the usual strength, namely, six degrees;
but it may be concentrated either for the conveniences of transport, or for use
where the putrid matters intended to be purified have been long confined
and in an advanced and dangerous stage of decomposition. For this purpose
I concentrate it to various degrees of strength, as in the following table (see
next page).

page_text: also to describe the apparatus used by me for the permanent or constant
disinfection of any desired place or places (that is to say):-The anti-mephitic
water can be used at its ordinary strength, or varied according to the intensity
of the putrid exhalations which it is desired to destroy. For the disinfection
of bilge water in ships' holds, refuse of tan pits or glue pits, four litres (French.
measure), or seven pints English, of anti-mephitic water at a strength of thirty
degrees will disinfect one cubic yard of such matters. (This strength is to be
used if there is an abundance of water or liquid with the matter to be
disinfected; but if there be a deficiency of liquid and the putrid substance is
rather thick and compact, then use twenty litres (French), or thirty-five pints
English, at six degrees, which will facilitate the operation. Sea water can be
used for purifying dung-hills, &c. The disinfection is most readily attained by
forming the dung into beds about three feet in height and sprinkling the
disinfectant upon each bed, turning it over, in the proportion of ten litres, or
seventeen pints and one half English, at four degrees per cubic yard. For the
disinfection of common sewage matter, sewers, and privies, the average quantity
to disinfect one hundred litres (21 gallons 7 pints) will be two-thirds of a
litre, or twenty-one onces English, at thirty degrees or three litres and one
half litre (6 pints 2½ onces) at six degrees, according as there is a redundancy
or deficiency of fluidity of the matters. For the use of nightmen in emptying
privies or cesspools, take four litres (7 pints English) at thirty degrees
per cubic yard; if there is a deficiency of water, add to the above two, and a
half times its volume of ordinary water. The matter should be well stirred

page_text: up. On adding the disinfectant it speedily becomes inodorous, and is removed
without danger. If it is merely intended to disinfect without emptying it,
is unnecessary to stir it up. The feces, &c. after disinfection become converted
by the addition of sulphate of lime (plaster of Paris) into a valuable manure.
The proportions for manufacturing the manure are twenty pounds of the
disinfected feces and two pounds of the sulphate of lime, to be well mixed and
dried. In summer the heat of the sun is sufficient. In winter spread it upon
plates of sheet iron heated by a stove; it can be dried in a closed place, or as
may be most convenient. When dried it is to be reduced to powder. For
the disinfection of night chairs, invalids, utensils, &c., a small quantity at a
strength of one and a half to two degrees is sufficient for their disinfection.
For the purpose of purifying the air in sick rooms, hospitals, barracks,
theatres, and other close places, the anti-mephitic water at two degrees,
sprinkled about, and a cloth or the curtains moistened and agitated, absorbs
the malaria. For the purpose of permanently disinfecting water-closets and
public urinals, I employ a cistern in addition to the ordinary cistern, which I fill
with one part anti-mephitic water at 20 degrees and nine parts water. This
cistern can be of any desired shape; the pipe issuing from its bottom can be
carried direct to the pan, or it can be made to form a junction with the
common conduit pipe, its flow into the latter being controlled by a plug or
stop-cock. The mode of using it is to allow the ordinary water to run as
usual, and then open the stop-cock of the disinfecting cistern, and allowing
about one or two quarts for public places, and about half a pint for ordinary
household closets to run into the pan. For public closets it will be advisable
to clean the pans with a brush or broom once or twice daily. Where there
are several pans in close proximity the pipe proceeding from the anti-mephitic
cistern can be prolonged from one to the other.
Having now fully described and explained the nature, properties, and com-
position of my Invention, and the manner in which it is to be performed, I
now hereby declare that I claim,-
First, I claim the exclusive right to use sulphate of zinc and sulphate of
copper in combination for the purpose of compounding or manufacturing a
disinfectant and deodoriser in the proportions explained by me, or in any other
proportions, as the nature of circumstances may require; and I claim the
exclusive right and title to the liquid disinfectant resulting from the com-
bination of the above salts of zinc and copper with water.
Second, I claim the exclusive right to manufacture, use, and vend all the
products resulting from the combination of the anti-mephitic water with the
putrescent matters intended to be purified.

page_text: Third, I claim the exclusive right to use, manufacture, and vend the
manure which results from the application of sulphate of lime to the matters
disinfected by my anti-mephitic water both in the proportions above mentioned
or in any other proportion.
Fourth, I claim the exclusive right to manufacture and vend my anti-
mephitic water for all the general purposes herein mentioned.
Fifth, I claim the exclusive right to the use of my anti-mephitic water as a
means to destroy sulphuretted hydrogen, ammoniacal gas, phosphorous, nitrogen,
and every other gas, either in laboratories or other places.
Sixth, I claim the exclusive right of using my anti-mephitic water for tho
purposes of embalming.
Seventh, I claim the exclusive right of using my anti-mephitic water
whereever it is intended to arrest the decay and putrifaction of animal and
vegetable substances, and to preserve the same.
Eighth, I claim the use of the extra reservoir or cistern where used for the
purposes of disinfection or deodorisation.
Solemnly declared at Paris, Empire of
France, this Thirteenth day of March
J. F. VTOR LARNAUDES. (L.S.)
J. F. VTOR LARNAUDES. (L.S.)
Solemnly declared at Paris, Empire of
France, this Thirteenth day of March
1857, before me,
H. B. Majesty's Consul at Paris,
(L.S.) THOMAS PICKFORD.
Trance, this Intent way
1857, before me,
H. B. Majesty's Consul at Paris,
(L.S.) THOMAS PICKFORD.