Improved Apparatus for use in Making Extracts from, and otherwise Treating, Soluble or Partially Soluble Substances by Means of Steam Pressure and Heat.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Oct., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 25th July, 1890-Accepted, 30th Aug., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Apparatus for use in Making Extracts from, and otherwise
Treating, Soluble or Partially Soluble Substances by Means of
Steam Pressure and Heat.
I, AMOS HERBERT HOBSON, of 9. Victoria Street, in the City of Westminster,
Analytical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improved apparatus principally designed for use in
extracting the soluble constituents of bones, hides, roots, dyestuffs, and other matters,
and generally for treating materials by steam and heat, whether for the elimination of
extractive matters or for other purpose.
The apparatus may consist of a boiler, preferably spherical or approximately
cylindrical,mountedtorevolve about a stationary horizontal tubular axis traversingthe
boiler and having duplicate inlet and exhaust passages for the admission of steam, the
one passage communicating with a perforated pipe of curvilinear form projecting into
the capacity of the boiler so as to introduce the steam used for heating or for boiling
into the midst of the mass and act as a stirrer, the steam jets emitted therefrom being
so directed as also to assist in agitating the contents and applying steam heat at its
maximum, the steam supplying the heat, the pressure, and the moisture, required in
obtaining certain extractive products, according to the difference between the initial
steam pressure and that in the extractor.
The other passage is connected with radial hollow pallets fixed within the boiler,
said pallets being of nearly semi-circular form and of oval section, so as to afford an
extended area of drying surface for contact with the mass which by the revolution of
the pallets with the boiler is thoroughly agitated and uniformly acted on throughout.
Instead of the pallets being tubular and fulfilling the two-fold purpose of pallets and
steam heaters, they might be ordinary pallets and be combined with separate steam
pipes.
The boiler is provided with manholes and doors and with means of drawing off the
contents and of separately controlling and regulating the supplies of steam or hot air
for dissolving and drying purposes a contrivance for permitting the escape of steam
from the upper part of the boiler being also mounted upon the transverse tubular axis
through which the drying steam is conveyed to a pressure guage outside.
Instead of the vessel revolving, as above described, it may be fixed and contain a
grid-like frame mounted to revolve within the casing, said frame serving both as a
Stirrer to agitate the contents of the casing and as a support for a serpentine steam
pipe or coil which is in connection, through the tubular journals of the casing and
suitable stuffing boxes, with steam and exhaust pipes. By means of this combined
stirrer and coil, a rapid transmission of heat to the contents of the cylinder is effected
and when the extracted liquor is drawn off, the residue may be rapidly dried.
In addition to the steam coil, a number of jet-pipes or nozzles may be applied at the
rear side of the stirrer frame so that the rearwardly-directed jetsemitted therefrom into
the cylinder will, by their reaction and the rotation of the stirrer, assist to agitate
the contents of the cylinder, the steam jets also supplying the heat and pressure
necessary.
The cylinder or casing is provided with the necessary manholes for charging and
discharging, as before, and with means whereby the liquid contents may be drawn off
under a constant steam pressure whereby good drainage and more or less filtering are
ensured.
When the apparatus is to be used for drying purposes, heated air may be introduced
into it in lieu of steam, the heated air thus being brought into contact with the
distributed material which by the action of the apparatus is made to expose a very
P

page_text: large surface for drying. The heated air supply pipe would be joined outside the
vessel in such manner that either steam or the hot air could be injected without
difficulty.
The vessel whether fixed or revolving is provided with additional manholes which
allow of the escape of aqueous vapor during the operation of drying.
Dated this 25th day of October 1889.
A. . HUDSON.
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Patent Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Apparatus for use in Making Extracts from, and otherwise
Treating, Soluble or Partially Soluble Substances by Means of
Steam Pressure and Heat.
I AMOS HERBERT HOBSON of 9 Victoria Street, in the City of Westminster,
Analytical Chemist do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:--
->
This invention relates to improved apparatus principally designed for use in
extracting the soluble constituents of bones, hides, roots, dye-stuffs and other matters,
and generally for treating materials by steam and heat, whether for the elimination
of extractive matters, or for other purpose.
The apparatus is illustrated in the accompanying drawings forming part of this
specification, wherein Figure 1 is a vertical section of the apparatus in the plane of the
axis, and Figure 2 is a detail cross section on line 1-1 Figure 1.
It consists of a spherical or approximately spherical, or it may be a cylindrical,
vessel A provided with hollow trunnions a with internal and external stuffing boxes
and mounted to revolve in bearings and about a stationary horizontal tubular axis B
traversing the boiler and having hot air or steam inlet passages CD and oulet
passages E F in the longitudinally-divided end portions of said tubular axis.
The passage C communicates with a perforated pipe G downwardly curved, as
shown, so as to project from the axial tube into the lower part of the boiler and thus
introduce the steam, used for heating or for boiling, into the midst of the mass and act
as a stirrer without liability of becoming clogged, the steam jets emitted therefrom (so
long as there is a difference between the initial steampressure and that inthe extractor)
being so directed as also to assist in agitating the contents, the steam supplying the
heat, the pressure, and the whole or part of the moisture required in obtaining certain
extractive products.
The interior of the boiler communicates with the passage E through a stand pipe b
rising from the middle part of the transverse tubular axis which is cut off from
communication with the inlet Cand pipe G,said stand pipe being enclosed by a hoodH
suitably mounted over the pipe b which as well as the hood is provided withalternating
baffles to prevent the steam carrying off particles of material in suspension when
blowing off steam. This passage E leads to a pressure gauge and is normally closed
by a stop cock.
The other passage D and the corresponding exhaust passage F are connected by
circumferential channels in the trunnions with a series of non perforated pipes I
connected with the trunnions and extending from the one to the other meridianally
around the circumference of the boiler in proximity to as many pallets K fixed to the
boiler (as shown in figure 2) by which the contents of the boiler are agitated and are
held in contact with the heating pipes I whilst being carried round by the pallets.
A more extended heating surface might be obtained by combining the tubes I and
pallets K in one, that is to say by making the tubes of oval or lenticular form in cross
soction (as shown in figure 3) so as to occupy the position of the pallets and act as
such for agitating the mass under treatment as well as for heating purposes.

page_text: The boiler is revolved upon its horizontal axis B through a gear wheel O fast on one
of its trunnions driven by a pinion P on a shaft capable of being driven at a very slow
speed through a differential box Q by a belt on the one pulley or directly at a faster
speed by shifting the belt to the other pulley.
The operation is as follows. The extractor A having been charged, steam at a
suitable pressure according to the extract to be made or to the material to be treated
is admitted through passages C and D to the pipes I for heating the charge and to the
jet pipe G for supplying steam to the interior of the extractor for condensation for
agitating and heating the charge and giving the necessary pressure.
In order to maintain the difference of pressure between the generator and the
extractor necessary to ensure the efficient action of the steam jets, a steam cock R is
provided which may be worked by a screw spindle and be automatically opened and
closed at each revolution of the extractor by the cross head of its spindle striking
tappets suitably placed so that the cock shall be opened when it is above the level of
the charge, so as to allow only steam to escape.
The manhole door L of the extractor is fitted with a draw off cock, the outlet to
which is protected by an inner perforated cone of cast iron M enclosed at a distance
by a cage of open wirework N. For the purpose of drawing off and straining the
contents of the extractor when the operation is finished the cage N is temporarily
enclosed in a filter bag through which the liquid portion of the contents is forced by
the steam pressure within the boiler. By substituting heated air for steam admitted
through C, the apparatus may be used for drying and mixing purposes, cocks fixed on
the vessel A near the gudgeons being opened to allow vapor to pass off.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is.
1. The herein described apparatus for extractive or other purposes consisting of a
spherical or other shaped vessel mounted to revolve about a horizontal tubular axis
provided with inlet and exhaust passages, meridianallyarranged heating and agitating
pipes in connection therewith and of a jet pipe arranged to inject the steam into the
mass to be treated substantially as specified.
2. The herein described apparatus consisting of a vessel mounted to revolve about a
horizontal tubular axis provided with inlet and exhaust passages, injection andheating
pipes in connection with said passages, and pallets alongside the heating pipes for
agitating the contents, substantially as specified.
Dated this 24th day of July 1890.
Dated this 24th day of July 1890.
A. H. HOBSON.
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Patent Agents.