Year: 1885

page_text: I WILLIAM HENRY GLADDING of 7 Grange Road, Bermondsey in the county of
Surrey, Hearthrug Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in looms for weaving rugs, carpets, or
other fabrics of which chenille forms the pile.
Hitherto in weaving such goods as chenille, it has been necessary for the work-
man to read from a pattern and to find from amongst many others a particular,
shuttle to agree with the color indicated by the part of the pattern he is working
from, and then to throw the shuttle a number of times according to his pattern.
A figured Chenille rug, carpet, or other fabric of which chenille forms the pile,
has from two to twenty and sometimes more colors, and each color has to have
a separate shuttle, so that if the workman is making a chenille for a ten coloured
carpet he must find the particular shuttle he wants out of the ten in use, and
with fine work this would have to be done perhaps as many as eight times to
the inch.
Now the object of my invention is to save the loss of time occupied in finding
and throwing the shuttle as bereinbefore described and also to avoid the necessity
of the workman having to continually take his attention off the pattern he is
working from,
For this purpose I so arrange the loom that in each revolution the entire, weaving
of plain (that is not figured) chenille is carried out.
I provide a number of keys so arranged and operating in such a manner that
when the loom is set in motion the workman has only to move the keys as required
(each key representing a color) so that when a key is moved, the color which
belongs to that particular key that is to be put in as weft, is put in and woven by
the machine,
The word "color" as used by me is intended to mean colored Silk, woollen
Cotton, or any other colored material that will make a weft and pile.

page_text: I WILLIAM HENRY GLADDING of 7, Grange Road, Bermondsey in the county of
Surrey, Hearthrug Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:―
This invention relates to improvements in looms for weaving chenille for manu-
facturing rugs, carpets, or other fabrics of which chenille forms the pile.
Hitherto in weaving such goods as chenille it has been necessary for the workman
to read from a pattern and to find from amongst many others a particular shuttle
to agree with the color indicated by the part of the pattern he is working from
and then to throw the shuttle one or more times according to his pattern.
A figured chenille rug, carpet, or other fabric of which chenille forms the pile,
has from two to twenty and sometimes more colors and each color has to have
a separate shuttle so that if the workman is making a chenille for a ten-colored
carpet he must find the particular shuttle he wants out of the ten in use, and with
fine work this would have to be done perhaps as many as eight times in making
one inch of material.
Now the object of my invention is to save the loss of time occupied in finding
and throwing the shuttle as herein before described and also to avoid the necessity
of the workman having to continually take his attention off the pattern he is
working from.
For this purpose I so arrange the loom that the entire weaving of the chenille is
effected thereby.
I provide a number of keys so arranged and operating in such a manner that
when the loom is set in motion the workman has only to move the keys as required
(each key representing a color) so that when a key is moved, the color which
belongs to that particular key that is to be put in as weft, is put in and woven by
the machine.
The word "color" as used by me is intended to mean colored silk, woollen, cotton,
or any other colored material that will form a weft or a pile.
•
In order to enable my invention to be fully understood I will proceed to describe
the same by reference to the accompanying drawings in which Figures 1 and 2
represent front and left hand side elevations respectively of a loom for weaving
chenille constructed according to my invention. Figure 3 represents a sectional
plan of the same on the line A, B of Figure 1. Figure 4 represents a longitudinal
section on the line C, D, of figure 1 looking towards the right hand side of the
loom. Figure 5 represents a sectional elevation of part of the loom the section
being taken on the line E, F, of figure 4, looking from the front of the loom.
Figure 6 represents a sectional elevation of part of the loom the section being
taken on the line G, H, of Figure 3 looking towards the left hand side of the loom,

page_text: Figure 7 represents a sectional elevation of part of the loom the section being also
taken on the line G, H of. figure 3, but looking towards the right hand side of the
loom. Figure 8 represents a plan of part of the loom with some of the parts
removed. Figures 9 and 10 represent a side elevation and a longitudinal section
respectively of parts of the loom drawn to a larger scale.
Similar letters in all the figures represent similar parts.
A, A, represent the frame of the loom, in the sides of which are pivoted two
shafts a and b, the ends of the said shafts passing through the said sides and
projecting slightly beyond the same. Motion is communicated from one shaft to
the other by means of spur wheels a¹, and a², at one end thereof; on the other end
of the shaft a and running loosely thereon is a fly wheel c, which is caused to
rotate by means of a crank pin c³, and a connecting rod c', actuated by a treadle c³,
(or the shaft a, can have a pulley fixed thereto so as to be driven by power as will
be obvious). Between the fly wheel c, and the side of the frame A and fixed to
the said fly wheel is a toothed pinion d, gearing with a spur wheel e, which is fixed
on one end of the shaft b, and serves to drive the same. To the wheel e, is attached
one end of a connecting rod e¹, the other end of the said rod being attached to the
outer end of a lever e; pivoted on a pin e³.-The said lever is provided with
a spring pawle, which engages with and serves to actuate a ratchet wheel f, to one
side of which is fixed a toothed pinion f¹, gearing with a spur wheel f³, fixed on
one end of a shaft f³, which extends across the front of the loom for the purpose
of driving rollers g, through which the chenille is drawn as it is woven in the
manner usual when weaving other goods the chenille being finally wound onto
the usual beam or roller g¹, by means of a pulley 92, driven by a pulley g³, on the
shaft f. On the shaft b, is fixed a toothed pinion b¹, which gears with a spur
wheel 63, mounted loosely on the shaft a, the said spur wheel having fixed thereto
the usual cams 64, for actuating the levers b, which are connected to a roller bo,
placed across the top of the loom the said roller having the healds b', attached to it.
The shaft b, is provided with a crank 69, which serves by means of a connecting
rod 68, to actuate the lathe g, which is pivotted at g7, to the top of the loom, the
lower part g, of said lathe being extended nearly across the loom for the purpose
hereinafter described; 96, is the reed; h, h, are two upright levers hinged at their
lower ends at ho, to a bracket h¹, and having pins h2, which work in cam grooves h³,
in discs h, fixed on the shaft a; the said cam grooves (when the shaft a, is rotated)
cause the upper ends of the levers h, to approach and recede from one another, the
upper end of each of the levers h being provided with a bar h³, extending horizon-
tally for the purpose hereinafter described.
i, i, are the keys which correspond in number with the number of colors to be
used, that is to say, one key is used for each color. In the drawings six' keys only
are shewn but any other suitable number can be used to correspond with the
number of colors that may be required. The keys i, are each pivoted loosely on a
fixed rod i, mounted in brackets 22, on a bar 3, which extends across the front of
the loom, the said keys are formed with hooked upward extensions i, to enable
them to be easily manipulated by the fingers of the operator. The keys i, are also
formed with downward extensions, which normally rest on a stop 1, which
prevents the said keys being pulled towards the front of the machine till such time
as the said stop is removed as hereinafter described. To the back part of each of
the keys i, is jointed one end of a bar j, the other end of each of the bars j, being
jointed to one end of a bell crank lever 1, pivoted on a shaft 7. The other ends
of the bell crank levers are provided with slotted extensions 73, through the slots in
which pass a series of bars 7*, T-shaped at one of their ends and pivoted loosely at
their other ends to a rod ³, which is fixed near the lower ends of two downwardly
extending swinging brackets k and ¹, pivotted to the upper part of the loom frame
at k²; 6, are springs fastened at one end to the shaft, and at their other ends to
the bars j, so as to return the said bars (after being operated) to their normal
position against a stop 7. The said springs are shewn clearly in figures 2 and 4
but are omitted for the sake of clearness from figures 1 and 3. On the swinging

page_text: bracket k, is fixed a toothed segment ³, the divisions between the teeth of which
correspond to the number of keys i. Pivotted on a bracket (depending from the
top of the loom) is a lever A, having a tooth or pawl 1, at one end adapted to
engage with the divisions of the toothed segment k³, when the latter is moved
over the said tooth or pawl by the swinging brackets, and k. At the other end
of the lever 1, is jointed one end of a rod 13, the other end of which is connected
to a bar, pivotted to a bracket 15, on the bar i³. One end of the bar l', is cranked
or bent as shewn in figures 2 and 4 so as to allow of it being lifted by the lower
part gs, of the lathe g, when the same is moved or swung towards the front of
the loom thereby causing the rod 13, and lever 1, to disengage the tooth or pawl 1,
from the toothed segment ³. The other end of the bar 1, carries the stop 16,
herein before described. The swinging bracket k¹, is provided at its lower end with
a bracket m of the shape shewn in Figure 4, in which are arranged so as to slide
therein, a series of tubes m³, corresponding in number with the keys i, the said
tubes being also arranged in an arc of a circle having its radius struck from the
pivot k².
One
The tubes m¹, serve to carry the material of different colors from which the
chenille is to be made which material (indicated by x in figure 1 and coming from
any suitable source) is drawn through holes m², therein as required; the tubes m¹,
are formed taper at one end similarly to the end of a shuttle and are normally
supported at the said ends in the bracket m; the other ends of the tubes m³, carry
flanged plungers or plugs m³, which serve when driven forward from their normal
position to grip the several colors as they enter the holes m², in the tubes m¹.
of the said tubes m³, with its plunger or plug m³, is shewn detached in figure 10;
m³, is a projection or stop on the plunger which on the return movement of the
carrier comes against the edge of the hole m2, and draws back the tube m¹; n, is a
bracket fixed to the bar is, and formed concentrically with the series of tubes m',
and provided with a slot n', as shewn clearly in figure 8; the upper parts of the
flanges of the plungers or plugs m³, project into the said slot all the parts being
thereby held in their normal position. The bracket n, is also formed with a
rectangular portion n², (figure 4) projecting above its upper surface, which allows
of the passage of a sliding carrier o as shown in figures 5, 8 and 9, working on a
slide or guide o' which is fixed to the bar is, by brackets o. The carrier o, is
provided with lips o², the space o³, between the said lips and the carrier being
normally linable with the slot n¹, in the bracket n, so, that when the brackets k
and are swung on their pivots k, the flange on the plunger or plug m³, of the
tube m¹, of which the corresponding key i, has been operated is caused to enter the
space o³, and the carrier o, being actuated in the manner hereinafter described
the flanged plunger or plug will move forward till it grips the color between itself
and the edge of the hole m², through which it enters the tube m, (as shewn in
figure 10) when the carrier and plunger or plug will force forward the tube which
will thereby be caused to slide through the bracket m, and between the warp
threads m. For the purpose of communicating motion to the carrier o, a disc p,
having a cam groove p¹, is mounted on the shaft b, the said groove actuating a
lever p², (pivotted to a bracket p³,) by means of a pin pt; the lever p³, is connected
by means of a jointed rod p³, (the length of which and position on the bell crank
lever p; can be, regulated by suitable means) to one end of a bell crank lever pº,
pivotted at p', to a bracket p10, the position of which on the loom frame can be
adjusted. The object of making the rod p³, and the bracket p10, adjustable is to
regulate the distance of travel. of the tubes m¹; the bell crank lever p6, is con-
nected near its other end p8, to the carrier o, by means of a link p³; q, is a knife
which I provide for the purpose of cutting off the portions of the different colors
as they are fed forward; the knife q, is pivotted at q', to a bracket q², fixed to the
bar ³, it is formed with a downward extension q³, which is connected to an
extension on the bracket q³, by means of a spring, q, which serves to return the
knife q, to its normal position after being operated; r is a link which connects
the knife q, to a pláte ¹, which is pivotted at ; to an upwardly extending end of
..

page_text: the bracket g, and is formed with a groove 2, (shewn in figure 5) extending along
its under edge; the plate 1, has also a notch, which when the plate 71, is moved
down towards the color will partly encircle the said color and hold it while the
edge of the knife q, will move round into the groove in the plate r¹, and cut off
the required length of color; the knife q, is operated in this manner by the lower
part g, of the lathe g, moving forwards against the extension q³, on the knife q,
and thereby causing the knife to turn on its pivot into the position shewn in
dotted lines in figure 6, the knife q, at the same time causing the plate r³, by means
of the link r, to move down towards and partly encircle the color; s and s¹, are a
pair of jaws which I provide for holding the color whilst being operated upon by
the knife q, the lower jaw s, being fixed to a bracket 83, on the bar i³; the position
of which bracket on the said bar ³, can be adjusted according to the required length
of the colors forming the weft to be put in and the number of warps; the lower
jaw 8, is provided with notches on the upper surface of its outer end; the upper
jaw s¹, is pivotted at 86, to the bracket 82. The upper jaw s³, is formed in two pieces
for the purpose of effectually gripping the end of the color, the said pieces being
placed side by side; the under sides at their outer ends are formed with V-shaped
edges so as to drop into the notches in the lower jaw s. The upper jaw s', is also
provided with springs 83, and is connected by a link 8, to a curved bar 85, which is
caused to open the jaw when the bar g, of the lathe g', presses against the same.
The upper jaw s¹, is normally held open by means of a lever t, pivotted to the
upper end of the brackets, and having a catch or projection t¹, which engages with
the under side of the said upper jaw and thereby holds it up, the said lever t, being
provided with a spring t2, which keeps the projection t¹, in engagement with the
upper jaw 8, until the lever t, is moved away by means of a spring rod u, having
a projection, the said rod being mounted and sliding through the brackets o*,
and q², and jaw s, as shewn in Figure 8; the rod u, caused to press against the
end of the lever t, by means of the end p³, of the bell crank lever p, pressing
against the projection u¹, and moving the same into the position shewn in dotted
lines figure 8. The knife q, is arranged on one side of the warp threads m*, and
the jaws 8 and 81, on the other side of the same; v, (figure 1,) is a bar or lever
pivotted at vl, to the frame A which bar can be dropped behind the extension, of
any one of the keys i, when it is pulled forward in order to hold it open when it is
required to use the same color several consecutive times.
The operation of my improved loom is as follows. The parts of the loom being
in the position shewn in figures 1 to 4 of the drawings, if the treadle c², be operated
so as to cause the fly wheel 'c, to turn in the direction of the arrow shewn in
figure 2, the lathe g, which has nearly finished its rearward movement will be
caused to complete the said movement and will then move towards the front of the
machine and its bar go, will lift the bar, which will depress the stop 10, and allow
the operator to move or pull forward any one of the keys i, the said key corre-
sponding to the color he may require the bar , at the same time causing the tooth
or pawl 2, on the lever 1, to be disengaged from the toothed segment k³, by means
of the rod 13. The key when so operated will cause its respective bell crank j¹,
(to which it is connected by one of the bars j) to depress the T ended bar j*, with
which it is engaged into the position shewn by the dotted lines in Figure 4,
between the bars ho, of the levers h, which have been opened by the cam grooves h³,
in the discs h, moving over the pins h², thereon as hereinbefore described. The
levers h, will then close and grip the lower portion of the T end, and will at the
same time move the T ended bar j*, and thereby the brackets k, and k¹ so that
the flanged plunger or plug m³, of the tube m³, (containing the color corresponding
to the key that is depressed) shall move into engagement with the carrier o, as
hereinbefore described; the bar g5, of the lathe g, (which is now moving back)
will be then disengaged from the bar , which will drop down thus allowing the
tooth or pawl 2, to engage with the segment k³, and the stop 10, to move up against
the extensions 2, on the keys i. The carrier o, will now be caused to move along
the slide o¹, by means of the bell crank lever p6, operated by the cam groove p¹, in

page_text: the disc p and will first cause the flanged plunger or plug m³, to move till it grips
the color as hereinbefore described, the tube m¹, being then caused to pass over the
knife q, between the warp threads m, and between the jaws s, and s¹, which are
now open; the bell crank lever p, just before finishing its movement comes in
contact with the projection u¹, on the rod u, which is thereby caused to disengage
the lever t, from the upper jaw 8, which drops onto the tapered end of the tube m¹
and is thereby allowed to instantly grip the color as the tube m¹, commences to
move back. The tube m¹, having been moved back by means of the carrier o, to
its original position the lower part go, of the lathe 9, (which is again moving
forward) will come into contact with the extension q³, on the knife g, thereby
causing it to cut off the portion of the color lying between the said knife and
the jaws s and s¹. The part g³, of the lathe g, will then come into contact with
the bar 8, and lift the upper jaw 8', which will be caused to engage with the
lever t, as will be obvious. The cut portion of the colour is thereby released and
will on the further forward movement of the lathe be beaten home by the reed go,
and is wound onto the roller g¹, thus completing one operation corresponding to
the operation of once throwing the shuttle and winding the material on the roll in
an ordinary loom.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
1. A loom for weaving chenille for manufacturing figured fabrics in which the
various colours forming the weft are put in-when the loom is set in motion by
operating a series of keys substantially as herein before described.
2. In a loom for weaving chenille the combination with a series of keys of the
herein described mechanism for placing the weft in the warps substantially as
herein before described and represented in the accompanying drawings.
3. In a loom for weaving chenille the herein described mechanism for cutting off
the material forming the weft when placed in the warps substantially as herein-
before described and represented in the accompanying drawings.
4. The improved loom for weaving chenille for manufacturing rugs carpets
or other fabrics hereinbefore described and represented in the accompanying
drawings.