AN IMPROVED MORTAR FOR DRESSING ROUGH RICE OR PADDY, OR REDRESSING RICE
Year: 1837

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
JAMIESON CORDES, of Idol Lane, in the City of London, Merchant, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-fifth day of November, in the first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said James Jamieson Cordes, Her especial license that I, the said James
Jamieson Cordes, my exors, admors, or assigns, or such others as I, the said
James Jamieson Cordes, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
and also. in all Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention
of "AN IMPROVED MORTAR FOR DRESSING ROUGH RICE OR PADDY, OR REDRESSING
RICE;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, obliging me, the
said James Jamieson Cordes, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to
be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent,
as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Jamieson Cordos, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
to consist in a mortar, part of the internal surface of which is made rough,
jagged, ribbed, or otherwise so forined or prepared as to detain or allow a slower
motion to that portion of the rice or paddy, when being dressed or redressed,
which is next to or in contact with the mortar, such detention or slower motion
being sufficient to cause a stronger friction of the grains of rice or paddy, one
against the other, when driven up by the pestle, than the smooth or polished
mortar will allow of. And in further compliance with the said proviso, I,
the said James Jamieson Cordes, do hereby describe the manner in which
my said Invention is to be performed by the following statement thereof,
reference being had to the Drawing annexed, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon, that is to say:-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 is a sectional view of one of my said improved mortars; the lower
half A is made of cast iron, and the upper half B of wood. The top and bottom
halves being flanged together at C, C; from D to E, are a series of concentric
circular grooves, forming notches or shoulders, cast in that part of the bottom
half of the mortar which I have found from experiment to be the best to obtain
my object. The notches or shoulders, in the language of mechanics, look
downward, and their object is to detain or impede the progress upwards of
such portions of the rice or paddy as happen to come under them at each
downward stroke of the pestle, and thus to cause the other portions of the rice
or paddy to rub past them, and create a friction of one grain against another,
instead of against the smooth side of the mortar, as heretofore.
Figure 2 is an elevation of one of my said improved mortars, G being the
door for discharging the rice or paddy when sufficiently dressed.
Figure 3 is a plan of the lower half of the same, and it is only necessary
further to state that the ordinary pestle may be used with my said improved
mortar.
Now, whereas heretofore the mortars used in dressing rice or paddy have
been made as smooth as possible inside, which I have found does not dress the
grain either so quickly or so well as when the inside of the mortar is rough, or
so formed as to prevent the grains next to the side of the mortar from slipping
up on the downward stroke of the pestle so readily as those at a distance
from the sides of the mortar: And whereas many means may be adopted for
making the inside of the mortar rough or uneven enough to obtain this object:―
I therefore claim as my Invention a mortar for dressing rough rice or paddy,

page_text: or for redressing rice, the interior surface of which is formed as herein-before
described, or otherwise formed with recesses or impediments, or made rough or
uneven in such manner as to effect the object herein-before explained, namely,
of more effectually causing the detention or partial detention of the outer grains
from ascent, in order that they may be rubbed against by the inner ones more
effectually during the action of the pestle. And such my Invention being, to the
best of my knowledge and belief, entirely new and never before used within
that part of IIer said Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
called England, Her said Dominion of Wales, or Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, or in any of Her said Majesty's Colonics and Plantations abroad, I do
hereby declare this to be my Specification of the same, and that I do verily
believe this my said Specification doth comply in all respects fully and without
roserve or disguise with the proviso in the said herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent contained; wherefore I do hereby claim to maintain exclusive
right and privilege to my said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Jamieson Cordes, have hereunto
set my hand and scal, this Twenty-fifth day of May, One thousand