IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES
Year: 1874

page_text: -LETTER'S PATENT to Peter Jensen, of 89, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, for the Invention of
tr IMPROVEMENTS IN
FURNACES,' -A communication from abroad by John M. Ayer, of
Chicago, in the State of Illinois. United States of America.
"
-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Jensen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th May 1874.
I, PETER JENSEN, of 89, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FURNACES"
(a communication to me from abroad by John M. Ayer, of
Chicago, in the State of Illinois, United States of America), to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in, furnaces, by means of
which I obtain,―
1st. An increased heat, which acts directly, regularly, and continuously
upon the metal charged.

page_text: 2nd. A saving of fuel, time, and labour, and consequent expense by
obtaining a complete combustion of all the fuel used, and applying the
entire heat in a direct, regular, and continuous manner.
3rd. Cleanliness, the perfect combustion of the fuel preventing the
escape of smoke, soot, &c., while the furnace is in operation.
4th. An improved product and an economy of stock.
5th. A saving of material of which the furnace is constructed, by
reason of the disposition of the intensified heat which is prevented from
direct contact with the crown of the furnace and the valve flue.
6th. A longer action and more effective application of the heat by the
action of the angular or inclined surfaces in modifying and governing
the draft and the direction and action of said heat.
A door
In carrying out my Invention I provide the fire chamber with a
suitable grating and ventilating opening, which may be made adjustable
in order to govern the amount of draft admitted to the furnace.
is arranged through which the furnace is supplied with fucl. The roof
of the fire chamber is made to incline at a suitable angle downwards
toward the chimney or stack. The wall or partition commonly known
as the "fire wall" stands between the fire and puddling chambers. The
upper or free portion of this wall is provided with an open flue, or what
I term the "secondary combustion chamber," which forms the upper
portion of the fire-wall, and is made continuous at each end with the
secondary combustion flues, which open outside the furnace after passing
a suitable distance through the same. These flues are provided with
regulating dampers. The upper face of the secondary combustion
chamber, which forms the upper portion of the fire-wall as aforesaid, is
made at a bevel or angle substantially opposite to that of the roofs and
the lower free portion of the upper fire-wall. The heating or puddling
chamber is provided with a roof inclined at an angle parallel to that of
the roof of the fire chamber, and is provided also with a door or opening
through which it is supplied with piles, metal, or other material to be
heated, and by means of which the said chamber can be inspected when
desired. This chamber is also provided with an exit pipe, commonly
called the "velvet flue."
In my device I place the fire chamber at the rear of and below the
floor of the heating or puddling chamber, and I prefer that the difference

page_text: in height between the floors of the two chambers shall be substantially
equal to the height of the fire-wall.
The various parts, as herein specified, may be constructed of any
suitable material possessing sufficient strength and capability of resisting
high degrees of heat.
In carrying my Invention into operation fuel is placed upon the
grating in the fire chamber where the first combustion takes place. This
combustion is however necessarily imperfect and incomplete. The heat
rising and carrying with it the unconsumed matter is so acted upon by
the inclined roof that a direct and undue draft from the chimney will be
counteracted, and this modified draft will conduct the heat and unburnt
matter up and over the fire-wall and secondary combustion chamber or
perforated flue upon the upper portion thereof. At this point, i.e., the
perforated combustion flue, the combustion is made perfect and complete
by a sufficient supply of oxygen through the flues, which after the
portions exposed within the furnace become sufficiently heated operate
in a manner sufficiently obvious not to demand specific demonstration.
Not only is combustion made perfect and complete at the secondary
combustion flues, but the angle of the perforated combustion and the
opposing angle of the upper fire-wall and the inclined roofs opérate
in such a way that the flames and heat instead of rising and travelling
along the crown and upper portion of the heating and puddling chamber,
as in all other furnaces of which I am aware, are made to take an
opposite course and drop upon and travel over the bottom or floor and
lower portion of the puddling chamber, while the crown and upper
portion of the said chamber remain untouched and unaffected by the
flames and intensified heat.
It will be seen that in my device the entire heat is applied in the best
and most advantageous manner by being precipitated and retained
directly upon the metal charged, while the crown, a portion heretofore
rapidly burned and destroyed, is preserved form undue heat and made
much more durable and lasting, inasmuch as the intensified heat does
not come in contact with it.
Another advantage of my device is the saving insured to the velvet
flue, not only from the same causes that operate to save the crown, but
also from the fact that the heat after having acted directly and con-
tinuously upon the piles or metal upon the floor of the puddling chamber-

page_text: becomes sufficiently tempered and mellowed not to act so destructively
upon the velvet fluc.
Another advantage that I accomplish by my device will be clearly
obvious by mere mention. It is evident that in the proportion that
perfect and complete combustion is secured, in just that proportion is
heat increased and fuel economized. To secure this perfect combustion
various devices, such as forced drafts, &c., have been employed, but I
am not aware of any device such as herein specified, wherein not only a
perfect combustion is secured without the employment of any but
natural draft, but the flames and heat are directly, regularly,
and .con-
tinuously applied to the floor instead of the crown of the furnace. This
effect-I consider is materially assisted by the lowering of the fire chamber
below the floor of the heating and puddling chamber, as specified,
whereby a direct and undue draft is avoided.
Although I have described my Invention in relation to puddling
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Peter Jensen in the Great Scal Patent Office on the
12th November 1874.
:
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
JENSEN, of 89, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most. Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of May, A.D. One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-seventh
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the. said Peter Jensen, Her special licence
that I, the said Peter Jensen, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Peter Jensen, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, thờ

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents a longitudinal section, and Figure 2 a cross
section of my improved furnace.
À is a chamber provided with a suitable grating B and ventilating
opening B', which may be made adjustable so as to govern the amount
of draft admitted to the furnace; C. is a door through which the furnace
is supplied with fuel; D is the roof of the chamber A. This roof is
made to incline at a suitable angle downward towards the chimney or
stack M. E is the wall or partition, commonly known as the "fire-
wall,” standing between the chambers A and H. The free portion of
the fire-wall E is provided with an air chamber or open flue, or what I
portion
term the "secondary combustion chamber" G¹, which forms
of the fire-wall E, and is made continuous at each end with the
secondary combustion flucs G, G, which open outside the furnace after
passing a suitable distance through the same, and either end of the
grating B or firc-wall E. The flues G, G, are provided with regulating
dampers g, g. The upper face of the secondary combustion chamber G¹,
which forms a portion of the fire-wall as aforesaid, is made at a bevel or
angle substantially opposite to that of the roofs D, K, and the free
portion of the fire-wall E¹. H is the heating or puddling chamber
provided with a roof K inclined at an angle parallel to that of the roof D
of the fire chamber A. The chamber H is provided also with a door or
opening H', through which the chamber H is supplied with piles, metal,
or anything intended to be heated, and through which said chamber H
may be inspected. I represents piles or other articles to be heated or
charged; Li is the exit flue, commonly called the "velvet flue" of the
chamber H.
In my device I place the chamber A at the rear of and below the
floor of the chamber H. I prefer that the difference in height between
the floors of the chambers A and I shall be substantially equal to the
height of the fire-wall E.
The various parts, as herein specified, may be constructed of any
suitable material possessing sufficient strength and capability of resisting
high degrees of heat..

page_text: perfect and incomplete. The heat rising and carrying with it the
unconsumed matter is so acted upon by the inclined roof D that a direct
and undue draft from the chimney M will be counteracted, and this
modified draft will conduct and retain the heat and unburnt matter to
and over the fire-wall E and secondary combustion chamber or perforated
flue G. At this point, i.e., the perforated combustion flue G¹, the com-
bustion is made perfect and complete by a sufficient supply of oxygen
through the flues G, G, which, after the portions exposed within the
furnace become sufficiently heated, operate in a manner sufficiently
obvious not to demand specific demonstration. Not only is combustion
made perfect and complete at the secondary combustion flues G¹, G, G,
but the angle of the flue or air chamber G¹ and the opposing angle of
the fire-wall E" and the inclined roofs K and D operate in such a way
that the flames and heat instead of rising and travelling along the crown
and upper portion of the chamber H, as in all other furnaces of which I
am aware, are made to take an opposite course, and drop upon and travel
over the bottom or floor and lower portion of the chamber H, while the
crown K and upper portion of the chamber H remain untouched and
unaffected by the flames and intensified heat.
It will be seen that in my device the entire heat is applied in the best
and most advantageous manner by being precipitated and retained
directly upon the metal charged, while the crown, a portion. heretofore
rapidly burned and destroyed, is preserved from undue heat, and made
much more durable and lasting, inasmuch as the intensified heat does
not come in contact with it.
Another advantage of my device is the saving insured to the velvet.
flue, not only from the same causes that operate to save the crown K,
but also from the fact that the heat, after having acted directly and con-
tinuously upon the piles or metal upon the floor or bed of the puddling
) or heating chamber H, becomes sufficiently tempered or mellowed not to
act so destructively upon the velvet flue.
Another advantage that I accomplish by my device will be clearly
obvious by mere mention. It is evident that in the proportion that
-perfect and complete combustion is secured, in just that proportion is
heat increased and fuel economized. To secure this perfect combustion
,various devices, such as forced drafts, &c., have been employed, but I
am not aware of any device such as herein specified, wherein not only a

page_text: perfect combustion is sccured without the employment of any but natural
draft, but the flames and heat are directly, regularly, and continuously
applied to the floor or bed instead of the crown of the furnace. This
effect I consider is, materially assisted by the lowering of the chamber A
below the floor of the chamber H, as specified, whereby a direct and
undue draft is avoided.
Figure 3 represents a modification of my Invention. In this Figure
the crown D¹ of the furnace is shown semicircular. By means of this
construction of roof the smoke is diffused and scattered, and is prevented
from being projected in volumn upon the combustion chamber.
I do not limit the use of my Invention to smelting or puddling
furnaces, as it is evident that the same is equally applicable to house
heaters, locomotives, steam boilers, chimneys, and wherever coal is.
burned for the generation of degrees of heat, the usual smoke and soot
being avoided-by- the perfect and complete combustion accomplished by
my device.
.
Having thus described my Invention, and means whereby the samo
may be carried into effect, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the exact details shown and described, as the same
may be varied without departing from the peculiar character of my
Invention but what. I do claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent
is,-
1st. The chamber A, placed in the rear of and below the floor or bed
of the chamber H, in combination with the fire-wall E provided with
the scondary combustion chamber G', substantially as and for the purpose
shown.
2nd. The combustion flue or chamber G', substantially as and for the
purpose shown.
3rd. The combination of the. perforated combustion fluc G' and the
flues G, G, substantially as and for the purpose shown.
4th. The combination of the furnace H and flues G, G, exposed
partly to the action of the said furnace, substantially as and for the
purpose shown.
5th. The combustion flue G¹ provided with the bevelled or angular
top, substantially as and for the purpose shown;

page_text: 6th. In combination with the bevelled fire-wall E the fire-wall E",
said wall E" extending its angle to a point opposite and above the higher
angle of the wall E, substantially as and for the purpose shown.
7th. The combination of the fire-wall E, bevelled combustion
chamber G', flues G, G, and bevelled fire-wall E", substantially as and
for the purpose shown.
8th. The flues G, G, provided with the dampers 9, 9, in combination
with the combustion flue G³, substantially as and for the purpose
shown.
9th. The combination of the chamber A, grate B, inclined roof D,
fire-wall E, combustion chamber G', flues G, G, bevelled fire-wall E",
and chamber H provided with a roof K, substantially as and for the
-purposes specified and shown.
10th. The combination of the chamber A, grate B, semicircular
roof D', fire-wall E, combustion chamber G¹, flues G, G, bevelled fire-
wall E, and chamber H provided with a roof K, substantially as and
for the purposes specified and shown.
In witness whereof, I, the said. Peter Jensen, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Tenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
PETER JENSEN. (L.s.)