CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING. SPINNING, AND WEAVING COTTON AND OTHER TEXTILE MATERIALS; AND ALSO IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF PREPARING YARNS OR THREADS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR SUCH PURPOSES
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
MASON, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, and MARK SMITH, of
Heywood; in the said County, Machine Makers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by
Her Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Twenty-ninth day of January, in the thirteenth year
of Her reign, and in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and fifty, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said John Mason and Mark Smith, Her especial licence, full power,
sole privilege and authority, that we, the said John Mason and Mark Smith,
our exors, admors, and assigns, and such others as we, the said John Mason
and Mark Smith, our exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention
of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING.
SPINNING, AND WEAVING COTTON AND OTHER TEXTILE MATERIALS; AND ALSO
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF PREPARING YARNS OR THREADS, AND IN THE
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR SUCH PURPOSES;" in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso that we, the said John Mason and Mark Smith,
shall cause a particular description of the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be enrolled in Her
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in

page_text: and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
John Mason and Mark Smith, do hereby declare that the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is parti-
cularly described and ascertained in and by the Drawings hereto annexed,
and the following explanation thereof, that is to say :-
The first head of our Invention; (namely), Improvements in Machinery or
Apparatus for Preparing Cotton and other Textile Materials, relates,-
Firstly, to that machine commonly known as the "teazer or devil," in the
preparation of wool, and consists in the introduction of a spiked roller, beater,
or scutcher, so situated as to take the wool as it proceeds from the feeding
apparatus, and beat it downwards upon a grating or perforated surface, so as
to disengage a portion of the dirt or other extraneous matter previously to
the material passing into the machine to be operated upon by the ordinary
drum and rollers.
Secondly, in a novel arrangement or disposition of callendering rollers as
applied to the apparatus commonly called the lap machine.
Thirdly, in the application of a presser bar or plate, for the purpose of com-
pressing the cotton or other such material as it is wound upon the lap roller,
in cases where one winding-on drum only is used.
Fourthly, in a peculiar method of constructing the cylinders or rollers of
carding engines, such method consisting in applying beneath the sheet metal
usually employed, a strip or strips of wood capable of receiving nails or other
Such fastenings, whereby the wire cards may be attached.
Fifthly, in a peculiar arrangement or system of three known carding
machines, such arrangement consisting in taking a sheet formed upon the
usual "tumming drum," and applying it to an intermediate engine, instead of
the bobbins of material as ordinarily practised, and when the material of such
sheet shall have passed through the said intermediate machine, and have been
formed into a sliver as usual, using such sliver or slivers to feed the machine
known as the endless carding engine or condensor.
Sixthly, in certain methods of preparing for feeding and feeding cotton or
other similar material into carding engines in cases where two or more of
such machines are used for consecutive operations; this we accomplish in two
ways: firstly, in winding by suitable means a number of slivers into a narrow
lap, and then applying a series of such combined slivers or laps to the feeding
of a carding engine, in such number that their aggregate width shall be
sufficient to extend across the machine instead of winding, as is ordinarily

page_text: practised, the whole of the slivers upon one beam or roller; secondly, by
applying a series of separate laps of slivers to the said machines, and
causing the material constituting them to be evenly diffused over the surface
of the main carding cylinder, by imparting to the taking-in or other roller a
traversing motion.
Seventhly, in certain novel arrangements of that machine known as the
endless carding engine, whereby we are enabled to obtain a number of slivors
by the use of one doffer cylinder only. For this purpose, we form one of the
rollors of the machine with ŕings of cards thereon, corresponding to the blank
spaces between the rings on the doffer cylinder, the relative clearer of the said
roller being caused to move backwards and forwards in the direction of the
width of the machine, in order to diffuse that portion of the material over the
surface of the main carding cylinder which had been left thereon by the spaces
between the rings of cards upon the doffer cylinder; this object we also
effect by causing the main carding cylinder to traverse, and thus present
varying points of its surface to the action of the rings of cards upon the doffer
cylinder. Another arrangement of endless carding engine consists in the appli-
cation of guides placed before the feeding rollers of such a form that the
slivers shall enter and pass through the machine as separate and distinct bands,
by which means we are enabled to dispense with the traversing motion of the
doffer cylinder. Another peculiar arrangement of endless carding engine
consists in the employment of one doffer cylinder, formed with rings of cards
having intervening blank spaces thereon, such doffer cylinder being caused to
traverse laterally, so as to clear the whole surface of the main cardingcylinder,
and being employed in combination with certain other parts herein-after to be
described.
Eighthly, our improvements consist in a novel method of feeding carding
engines, such method consisting in the employment of a travelling endless
apron of wire cards, upon which the material to be operated upon is
distributed and conveyed therefrom to the machine, by a roller placed
at an angle to the said travelling apron, so as to take in the whole width of
the said material.
Ninthly, in a mode of driving the spindles and flyers of roving and slubbing
frames,. in combination with other arrangements herein-after to be described.
Tenthly, in the application to roving and slubbing frames of certain
apparatus for preventing the ends of those rovings or slubbings which may
by accident break, from becoming entangled with the other ends or spindles;
this we effect in two ways: firstly, by the application of a plate through grooves
formed, in which the material passes on its way to the flyers, and behind which

page_text: the end falls in case of breakage taking place; secondly, by placing a roller
having a surface suitable for causing the material to cling thereto in front of
the ordinary delivering rollers, but not in contact therewith, and which has
rotatory motion imparted thereto; upon this roller the end of the broken
roving or slubbing falls and becomes lapped.
Eleventhly, in a method of unwinding portions of rovings or slubbings from
the full bobbins, in order that a sufficient end may be left to constitute an
attachment to each of the bobbins next to be filled. The essential feature of this
part of our Invention consists in disengaging either the shaft which drives the
bobbins, or that which actuates thespindles, from any of the several wheels or
other driving apparatus used for imparting motion thereto, and then, by means
of suitable apparatus, turning the said bobbin or spindle shaft so as to unwind
simultaneously the whole or a portion of the said rovings or slubbings to the
required extent.
Twelfthly, our improvements relate to a novel mode of supporting the
upper ends of the spindles of roving or slubbing frames. This consists in the
employment of suitably formed bearings, so applied as to be capable of turning
over towards the front of the machine (that is, towards the attendant) upon
rods, hinges, or other appropriately formed joints, when it is desired to remove
them for the purpose of doffing or otherwise.
Thirteenthly, our improvements relate to that instrument used in roving
frames, known as the centrifugal flyer. Our improvement consists in the
application of a spring, so applied as to force the presser slightly towards the
material under operation, and is intended to obviate the ill effects arising from
the said presser ceasing to act against the roving when the velocity of the
flyer is decreasing, by the stopping of the spindle.
Fourteenthly, in the application of lengthening pieces to flyers of roving
and slubbing frames, in order to suit those which were not made for such an
arrangement, to be applied where top bearings are to be used.
Fifteenthly, the application of fixed tubes to the interior of bobbins of
roving and slubbing frames, for the purpose of steadying the spindles, such
bobbins being caused to revolve by drag only.
Sixteenthly, our improvements apply to roving and slubbing machines, and
consist in certain arrangements of parts for allowing the bobbins to pass the
junctions of the flyer and spindle in order to obtain a more extended lift of
the bobbin without increasing the length of the flyer.
Seventeenthly, our improvements apply to those carding engines in which
the sheet of sliver is taken from the doffer cylinder by means of rollers instead
of by the crank motion, and consists in placing a stripper in connexion with

page_text: thedoffer cylinder, having a reciprocating motion imparted thereto, our object
beingtotransfer any portion of material that may have been left on the doffer
or cylinder back to the machine, and further from the edges thereof, to be
again brought to the action of the doffer.
The second head of our Invention, viz., Improvements in Machinery or
Apparatus for Spinning, consists in an improved construction of collar as
applied to throstle spindles.
The third head of our Invention, viz., Improvements in Machinery or
Apparatus for Weaving, consists,-Firstly, in a method of slackening the
warp threads of a loom at the time of the shedding of the warp. This
we effect by the application of a cam formed upon the boss of the usual
tappets, or affixed thereon, which cam at stated periods of its revolution
keeps the warp threads distended, by supporting a roller over which they
are passed, but at other times allows the said roller to fall and consequently
slacken the warp to the desired extent; the essential feature of this part
of our Invention being that of attaching the slackening cam to the
ordinary tappets, so that however the one may be shifted upon the tappet shaft
the same relative position will be retained, the one towards the other
Secondly, in a peculiar arrangement of apparatus for effecting the picking
motion of looms. Thirdly, in an arrangement and construction of certain
parts of a Jacquard apparatus, one peculiar feature of which is also appli-
cable to giving motion to the lag or pattern rollers of what are called fancy
machines in weaving.
The fourth head of our Invention (viz., the Method of Preparing Yarns or
Threads, and in the Machinery or Apparatus employed for such Purposes,
consists, Firstly, in so treating the said yarns or threads which are intended
to constitute warps for looms or other machinery used in the manufacture of
goods from fibrous materials, that they are wound into a ball direct from the
bobbins or copsinstead of from a swift or warping mill, as is usually practised.
Secondly, in certain arrangements and constructions of machinery or appa-
ratus for winding such yarns or threads into a ball.
And in order to explain fully how the several improvements abovementioned
may be carried into practical effect, we have appended to this our Specifi_
cation certain Drawings which we will now proceed to describe.
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, represents in section our improvements in that machine
commonly known as the "devil or teazer," in the preparation of wool. The
feeding apron is shewn at a, a, by which the wool is conveyed in the ordinary
manner to the machine. In the Drawing we have shewn that apparatus
known as Bodmer's Patent Feeder, immediately behind which the spiked
"

page_text: roller, beater, or scutcher, which constitutes this part of our Invention, is
placed. In this instance we have shewn a roller b, covered with spikes or
teeth, bent downwards, such roller extending throughout the width of the
machine, and turning in suitable bearings attached to the framework; beneath
the roller is placed a circular grating c, c. The machine being put into motion,
and the roller b, b, caused to revolve by suitable gearing or other connection
with the moving parts, the wool, as it is carried forward by the apron a, u,
will, as it passes from the feeder, be taken by the teeth of the roller b, and
beaten downwards on to the grating c, c, through which much of the dirt and
other extraneous matter will fall previously to the wool entering the machine.
We have observed, that instead of the spiked rollerb a beaten or scutcher may
be employed; these may be constructed in any suitable manner, and caused to
revolve by any convenient means, provided they are so placed and constructed
as to retain the capability of beating the wool downwards upon a grating or
perferated surface before it enters the main part of the machine.
Our novel arrangement or disposition of callendering rollers, as applied to
'the lap machine, is shewn at Fig. 2, Sheet 1, of the accompanying Drawings.
This Figure is a partial section of the said machine, which will sufficiently ser ve
to shew our present improvement. The callendering rollers are shewn at
a, a, a, a, and may be mounted in the machine, weighted, and caused to revolve
in the direction of the arrows by any usual method. By this arrangement or
disposition of the rollers we are enabled to gain a greater degree of action
upon the material under operation, and consequently a lap of more firmness.
Fig. 2, Sheet 1, also shows our application of a pressure bar or plate for
compressingthecotton or other such material as it is wound upon thelap roller,
in cases where one winding-on roller only is used. The lap of cotton is shewn
at b, the winding-on roller at c, and the presser bar or plate extending across
the whole width of the machine at d. The bar or plate d is mounted in a
slot formed at either end of the machine, and is pressed towards the material
under operation by the action of springs or weighted levers, arranged as may
be desired.
Fig. 8, Sheet 1, exhibits one mode of effecting our improvel method of
constructing the cylinders or rollers of carding engines. One of the rings of the
main carding cylinder is shewn at a, a, a; around its circumference cavities are
formed for the reception of the strips of wood b, b, b; the other rings or arms
which constitute the framework of thecylinder are provided with corresponding
cavities, into which the strips of wood b, b, b, are also placed, and are held
therein by screws or bolts c, c, c. The framework of the cylinder thus formed
we cover with sheet iron or other metal, to which we also attach, by means of

page_text: screws or otherwise, the strips of woodb, b, b; a layer of woven cloth,
felt, or other such substance, is then placed upon the sheet metal, and the
cylinder is then prepared to receive the wire cards, which, by piercing the
sheet metal may be attached to the strips of wood b, b, b, by means of nails or
other such fastenings. The number of recesses, and consequently strips of wood
b, may of course be varied to suit different circumstances or the will of the
manufacturer. In the Drawing, we have shewn the rollers, clearers, and
doffer, constructed according to our plan, but with one recess and strip of
wood only, as at d, d, d. The foregoing mode of carrying out this part of our
Invention we have shewn for the sake of example; if desired, however, the
strips of wood may be placed on the top of the rings or arms instead of in the
recesses described, our object being to get a wooden surface or surfaces beneath
the sheet metal casing,in order to gain a ready attachment for the wire cards.
Our peculiar arrangement or system of three known machines may be
illustrated by reference to Figs. 3, 4, and 5, Sheet 1, of the accompanying
Drawings. The material having been passed through the first carding
engine, and a sheet formed upon the "tumming drum e" (Fig. 3), it is fed by
the usual means into an intermediate carding engine, Fig. 4, so arranged as to
discharge it in the form of a sliver, which is lapped upon a roller as at f; a
sufficient number of these laps of slivers are then fed into the endless carding
engine or condenser, as at g, Fig. 5.
Our methods of preparing for feeding and feeding cotton or other such
material into carding engines, where two or more of such machines are used in
consecutive operation, will be understood by reference to Figs. 6, 7, 8, 9, and
10, Sheet 1. Figs. 6 and 7 shew in side elevation and plan views a suitable
machine for combining several laps of slivers into one lap. This machine
forms no part of our present improvements, we therefore merely refer to the
same by way of illustration. A series of the single laps (in this instance four)
are placed in the machine, as shewn at f,f,ff, their rollers moving in a slot
formed in the framework; the laps rest upon an unwinding roller which is
caused to revolve by the arrangement of gearing shewn in the drawing. The
several slivers from the laps f.f,f,, are conveyed through the forked cudof a
presser g, beneath which they pass, and from thence to the drum ; the
other end of the presser g slides upon a fixed rod i, and carries a stud j, which
projects into a groove formed in the lever k; this leveris mounted upon a stud
, and its lower end is provided with a pin which projects into a grooved cam
m, by which means, and by aid of the gearing shewn in the Drawing, the
lever will be caused to vibrate upon its centre pin l, and thus traverse the
presser g, upon the rod i, and so distribute the several slivers over the roller k;

page_text: the combined lap having been thus obtained, and which is a portion of the
quantity necessary for feeding the whole width of the next carding engine, we
take a sufficient number of such combinedlaps and apply them as at hhh, Fig.S,
which is a plan or horizontal view of an endless carding engine or condenser.
Our other mode of feeding carding engines, where two or more of such
machines are employed in consecutive operations, is shewn at Figs. 9 and 10,
Sheet 1, of which Fig. 9 is a partial sectional view of the feeding end of
an endless carding engine, and Fig. 10 is a plan or horizontal view thereof.
Instead of combining the single laps, as in the last-described method, we take
a series of them as they come from the previous carding engine, and apply
them as shewn at i, i, i, in the Drawings; and in order to diffuse the mate-
rial over the whole width of the machine, we impart a traversing motion to the
taking-in roller B, or other roller between the laps and the main carding
cylinder A. This may be accomplished by any of the methods in ordinary use
for such objects, the mode of effecting this motion forming no part of our pre-
sent Invention.
Our next improvement, namely, certain novel arrangements of an endless
carding engine, whereby we are enabled to obtain a number of slivers by
the use of one doffer cylinder only, is shewn in Figs. 5 and 8, Sheet 1, of
the accompanying Drawings, Fig. 5 being a sectional view of an endless
carding engine, and Fig. 8 a plan view of the same, with our improvements
applied, the doffer cylinder, as shewn at A, having a rotatary motion only,
and is provided with rings of cards, for the purpose of removing the
material under operation from the main carding cylinder in narrow slivers;
and in order to diffuse that portion of the material which has been left on the
cylinder by the spaces between the rings of cards, we apply similar rings to
one of the rollers of the machine corresponding to the spaces between the
cards on the doffer cylinder, as at j,j, which roller will therefore transfer the
material so left to its corresponding stripper k, k; this stripper has a tra-
versing motion imparted to it by the method shewn in the Drawings, or by
other suitable means, and hence the material left by the spaces on the doffer
cylinder will be equally spread across the machine. Instead of using the
roller j and stripper & for effecting our object in the situation described, the
same operation may be performed on another portion of the circumference of
the main carding cylinder, as atje, k". We also effect the same purpose, vizt,
the diffusing of the material left by the spaces on the doffing cylinder, by
imparting a traversing motion to the main carding cylinder, in which case the
roller will be formed as usual, and its corresponding stripper receive the
ordinary rotary motion only.

page_text: The combination of parts constituting the next part of our improvements.is
also shewn in Figs. 5 and 8. lu this instance the doffer cylinder with its rings
of cards is caused to traverse by any usual method so as to remove the whole
of the material from the main carding cylinder; the slivers so produced are
removed from the doffer by the doffer stripper m, and from thence are con-
ducted by a plain roller n, between the surfaces of two belts or aprons o, o ;
these belts or aprons pass over rollers, and are caused to revolve in the direc-
tion of the arrows by suitable means; the upper one has also a reciprocating
motion imparted to it through the agency of an excentric p, which operates
upon a cross arm, to which the axles of the rollers 9, 9, are attach. d. The
slivers having thus passed between the belts or aprons o, o, and received the
necessary condensing, are lapped upon the bobbins by the surface drums r.
Our other improved arrangement of endless carding engine is shewn at
Fig. 5 and Fig. 5* of Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings. In front of
the feed rollers x, x, we place a series of guides z, z, (shewn in front view in
the detached Fig.5*) similar in general construction to those ordinarily used;
in this case, however, the guides are caused to occupy spaces coincident with
those which exist between the rings of cards upon the doffercylinder; by these
means the slivers of material will pass through the machine and be presented
to the doffer cylinder opposite to the rings of cards formed thereon.
Figs. 11 and 12, Sheet 1, shew our improved method of feeding carding
engines, before mentioned as the eighth point of novelty under the first head
of our Invention. Fig. 11 is a view in section of a portion of the feeding end
of a carding engine, and Fig. 12 is a plan view of the same.
a, a, is an
endless band of wire cards passing over rollers b, b, which have rotary motion
communicated to them from any convenient part of the machine; at one end
of this band a lap of slivers is placed,as at c, supported in suitable framework,
and which slivers are drawn from the lap by means of two revolving rollers,
one of which is shewn at c*, Fig. 12, and fed upon the travelling endless band
a, a, above which there is placed a roller d, covered with wire cards, which
roller is caused to revolve by suitable connexions. The band a is placed at
such an angle to the roller d, as to present the whole of its width to the action
thereof, by which arrangement it will be perceived that as the material is car-
ried forward, the whole of it will be taken up by the roller d, aud from thence
transferred through the rollers e, f, to the taking-in roller g.
Our mode of driving the spindles and flyers of roving and slubbing machines
in combination with certain other parts is shewn in Figs. 1 and 2, Sheet 2 of
the accompanying Drawings, the former being a frontelevation of twospindles
and their immediate appendages,and Fig. 2 a plan viewof the same. The upper

page_text: ends of the flyers a, a, are passed through holos formed in a plate b, b, b, attached
to the framework and extending lengthwise of the machine,and to their tops are
attached collars by means of screws, pins, or otherwise, by which they become
suspended; the flyers are fitted fast to the spindles, which spindles at their
lower ends pass into collars or tubes c, c. Extending lengthways of the
machine there is a shafte, e, e, upon which are mounted askew bevil pinions, one
of which is shewn at f,taking into similar formed pinions, 9,9,g, mounted upon
the axes of spurwheels,as ath, which spurwheels turn upon studs affixed to the
plate b, b, b, and are each in gear with three pinions mounted upon respective
flyers. Thecollarsortubes c,c,arebolted to the coppingrail,andcarry thebobbins
after the manner of those forwhich Letters Patentwere granted toJohnMason
and George Collier on or about the Twenty-sixth day of March, One thousand
eight hundred and forty-nine. By this arrangement it will be perceived that
the spindles are considerably shortened, and that the collars or tubes c,c,retain
them in their proper central position. It order to doff the bobbins it will
merely be necessary so to arrange the copping rail as to render it capable of
being lowered the length of the bobbin below the bottom of the spindle, or
by lowering the tubes just clear of the spindles, and then swivelling the rail
upon appropriate centres. The apparatus for preventing the broken ends of
rovings or slubbings from becoming entangled with the other ends or spindles
is shown in the partial front view of a roving frame, Figure 3, in which h, h,
represents one plate of a series intended to extend the whole length of the
machine. This plate, it will be perceived, has slots formed therein, through
which the rovings or slubbings pass on their way to the several flyers. The
plate h is applied as represented in the detached sectional view, Figure 3*,
its bottom end resting, when the machine is at work, upon the edge of the
beam of the frame A, and supported in its angular position by means of a
flange projecting into a groove formed in an upright attached to the beam A.
When it is required to move the plate in order to clean or otherwise attend to
the parts immediately behind it, the end thereof is brought forward from the
beam A, and the plate allowed to fall down the groove i. In order to keep
the correct lines of direction of the rovings or slubbings to the two tiers of
flyers, the slots through which they pass belonging to the nearest row are
formed lowerin the plate,as shewn in the Drawing. Bythis arrangement, when
one or more ofthe rovingsorslubbings break, the end orends thereof fall behind
the plate h, and are so kept from entangling with the other ends or spindles.
Our other mode of effecting the improvement last described is also shewn
in Figure 3, Sheet 2, in which j,, is part of a roller turning in suitable
bearings, extending across the length of the machine. The roller may be

page_text: formed of metal, wood, or other suitable substance, provided such a surface be
retained as will cause the ends of the roving or slubbing to cling thereto. The
plan we prefer is to cover it with cloth, but it may be used without covering
by being fluted or otherwise rendered unequal on its periphery. The roller has
a rotary motion communicated to it by a pinion affixed thereon, which is
placed in gear with an intermediate pinion, driven by one mounted upon the
axis of the front delivering roller, or by any other convenient arrangement. The
effect of this will be that upon one or more of the rovings or slubbings
breaking, the end or ends thereof will be lapped upon the roller j,j, and thus
prevented from entangling with the other ends or spindles.
Our methods funwinding portions ofrovings or slubbingsfromthe full bobbins
is shewn in the above-mentioned Figure 3, Sheet 2, and also in the detached
Figures 4 and 5 of certain of the parts. The ordinary toothed wheel, through
which motion is communicated to the shaft e,which drives the bobbins,is shewn
atm. This wheel is mounted so as to slide along the shaft, but revolve therewith
by means of an ordinary groove and feather, and attached to it there is a collar
n, embraced by a forked lever o, which lever is capable of turning in a socket p
attached to the framework of the machine (see Figure 5). The bobbins being
full, and it being requisite to draw off a certain quantity in order to constitute
an attachment to the next bobbins to be filled, the attendantwill turn the handle
rattached to the forked lever o, by which means the wheel m will be slidden
on the shaft, and consequently removed from connection with the driving
parts of the machine. The shaft l, which drives the bobbins, will then be free
to revolve independently. This is effected by turning the handle pulley q
affixed thereon until the ends to the required extent have been unwound.
Instead of the arrangement above described the same principle may be carried
out by disengaging from gear the shaft which drives the spindles, and by
turning it, through the agency of a handle or other convenient means, the
required effect will be produced. We would here remark, that instead of
turning the whole of the bobbins or spindles at one operation, their respective
shafts may besoarranged as to be in two or more lengths, connected by clutches
or otherwise, which clutches being disengaged from each other, the said bobbin
or spindle shafts may be turned in separate portions. It will also be obvious
that other modes for effecting the required disengagement may be adopted.
The next feature of our Invention, namely, the mode of supporting the upper
ends of spindles of roving and slubbing frames, is shewn in the detached
Figures 6 and 7, Sheet 2, of which Figure 6 is an elevation, and Figure 7 a
top view of the same. A represents that part of the framework marked with
a corresponding letter upon Figure 3; to this are attached projecting arins,
one of which is shewn at S, S, there being a sufficient number in the length

page_text: of the machine to support a rod t, which is mounted so as to turn in bearings
formed upon the said arms S, S. Upon the rod t, t, are keyed or otherwise
fastened a series of arms u, u, u, one for each spindle, their other ends being
provided with sockets which fit on to the top ends of the flyers, thus affording
astay or bearing in which they revolve. When it is desired to remove these top
bearings the attendant has merely to turn one end of the rod t, t, by means of
a handle or other suitable attachment, when the whole will be lifted at one
operation, turning towards the attendant, into the position shewn by red lines
in Fig. 6. In order to keep the bearings from rising, a spring catch, or other
such appendage, may be employed. Instead, however, of making the rod t, t,
to extend throughout the length of the machine, it may, if desired, be so
arranged as to turn over in two or more portions; instead also of the
arms u, u, u, being fixed upon the shaft, they may, if preferred, be caused
to move loosely thereon, and kept in contact with the flyers by means
of tightening screws or otherwise; in case of such arrangement they may
turn over independently of each other, or be connected together in any
desired number. We would also observe, that it will be evident hinges or other
centres may be used for the arms to turn upon without departing from the
principle of our Invention, namely, causing the top bearing of spindles to turn
over towards the operative.
Our improvement relating to the "centrifugal flyer" is shewn at Figures 8,
Sheet II. of the accompanying Drawings. The general construction of this
instrument is well known,and will not therefore require description. Totheleg
a,a,of the flyer we attach a light spring b, which spring, at its lower end, bears
against a stud projecting from thearm c, which carries the spur of the pressing
apparatus. The tendency of this spring will therefore be to force the presser
slightly towardsthebobbin, by which arrangementitwill beprevented fromflying
off when a decreased speed of the spindle shall have reduced the centrifugal
force, at the same time the main effect of pressing being produced by that power.
Our application of lengthening pieces to flyers of roving and slubbing
frames will be understood by reference to Fig. 9, which represents a portion
of such an instrument. The object of this part of our Invention is intended
to enable us to adapt top bearings to those flyers and spindles which were
not originally constructed for such an arrangement. In order to effect this
we turn down or otherwise remove a portion of the flyer, and then apply
a piece a of the required length and shape, to be received into the top bearing
or stay; or, if desired, the piece a may be applied without turning down the
original topor by drilling out the top of the flyer, and securing the lengthening
piece in the socket so formed. This additional piece may be secured to the
old part by screwing, pinning, or other suitable attachment, and will of course

page_text: vary in length and form according to the construction of machine and descrip-
tion of bearing to which it is to be applied.
The fifteenth point of novelty under the first head of our Invention is shewn
at Figures 10 and 11, Sheet II. of the accompanying Drawings, the former
of which is a view in section of our mode of supporting the spindles of roving
or slubbing frames when the bobbins are driven by drag only, and when a
presser or pressers are used; the latter is a similar view as applied to those
cases where in like manner the bobbins are driven by drag only, but in which
a presser is not used. These two Figures we will proceed to describe
Beparately.
In Fig. 10 the spindle is shewn at a, a, and the flyer at b, b; to the copping
rail ca tube d,. is affixed by means of a screw nut e, as shewn, and
through which the spindle a, a, of the ordinary construction is passed. The
tube d, d, however, does not fit the spindle throughout its length, a space
d¹, d¹, being formed (either by casting or boring), excepting at the upper end
thereof, which part is accurately bored, so that the spindle is supported but
runs freely therein. If preferred, the space d¹, d¹ may be discontinued
toward the lower part thereof, and the tube d, d, bored at its lower end so as
to form a similar support for the spindle to that provided at the upper end
thereof. At the lower part of the bobbin is placed a loose metal ring, which
bears against the tube d, and thus the bobbin is retained in a central position.
A flanch formed upon the ring fextends under the bobbin g, g, which flanch
runs upon a washer constituting the drag, or upon the bare rail, as desired.
In Fig. 11 (which as above stated applies to cases where pressers are not
used) the construction and arrangement are the same as represented in
Fig. 10, excepting that in this case the bobbin at top runs in contact with
the tube d.
Figures 12 and 13 represent the sixteenth improvement. In Fig. 12 the
fixed tube d, or collar in which the spindle runs, has a recess formed therein at
the upper part in order to admit the boss a of the flyer. In Fig. 13 the fixed
tube or collar d does not extend to the top of the bobbin, and thus affords a
space therein for the reception of the boss a of the flyer; the bush of the bobbin,
however, extends down sufficiently to run in contact with the tube or collar.
Our seventeenth improvement is shewn at Fig 13, Sheet I., which
represents a partial end view of a carding engine. a is the main card-
ing cylinder, and 6 the doffer cylinder. The doffer rollers are shewn at c,
all of which parts are driven in the usual manner. d is a stripper in contact
with the carding cylinder a, and doffer cylinder b; this stripper, which revolves
in the direction of the arrow, has a reciprocating motion imparted thereto by

page_text: any ordinary means, so as to remove from the doffer cylinder any material
that may have been left thereon, and transfer it to the main carding cylinder.
The second head of our Invention, namely, improvements in machinery or
apparatus for spinning, is shewn at Sheet III. of the accompanying Drawings,
which is an elevation in section of a throstle spindle, and its immediate
appendages. The fixed rail of the machine is shewn at a, a, to which a
collar b, b, is attached by means of a screw nut c; through this collar the
spindle d, d, d, passes, revolving in contact therewith. The lifting plate or rail
is shewn at f, f, carrying the usual drag upon which the bobbin g, g, revolves.
The interior of the bobbin is hollowed out so as to run clear of the collar b, b,
but at its lower end is provided with a metal bush, which runs in contact with the
said collar, and at its upper end bears against the spindle in order to maintain
the necessary central position. The upper side of the flauch of the collar
b, b, is cup shaped, and there is a passage h leading therefrom in order to
admit of lubricating material being applied to the spindle. Within the nut
which secures the collar to the frame there is placed a ring i, i, of india rubber,
felt, or other suitable material, which is compressed within by means of a
screw nut j, so as to prevent the lubricating material from passing out. By
this arrangement the oil or other lubricating materials will be forced upwards
as the spindle revolves, so as to be diffused over the entire surface thereof.
The third head of our Invention is shewn in Sheet 4 and 5 of the accom-
panying Drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a partial end elevation of a loom, with
the first part of our Invention applied. The warp threads after passing from
the warp beam a are conveyed over a roller b, which roller is mounted in the
upper part of a lever c, c, turning upon a centre pin dattached to the framing
of the loom; the other end of the lever c is connected by means of a link e
to another leverf, f, which turns upon a centre ping. The latter-mentioned
lever is provided with an anti-friction roller h, which is acted upon by a cam
i, i, mounted upon the tappet shaft and formed in the same piece or otherwise
attached to the ordinary tappets A, A. Upon the sheading of the warp being
about to take place the revolution of the cam i, i, will allow the anti-friction
roller to fall from one of the prominences formed thereon, by which motion
the lever will turn upon its centre g, causing a like movement to take place
with regard to the top lever c, which turning upon its centre at d, will carry
down the supporting roller b into the position shewn by red lines, and thus
effect the required slackening of the threads. The warp threads having been
separated in the ordinary manner, one of the prominences of the cam i, i,
will again bring the parts into the position shewn in the Drawing.
Fig. 2, Sheet.5, exhibits a partial side elevation of a loom, with our improved

page_text: picking motion applied, and Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6 are representations of detached
portions thereof. Upon the main driving shaft of the loom is mounted a pinion
a taking into a wheel 6 of twice the number of teeth, which turns upon a stud
attached to the framework of the machine; upon the latter wheel there is
mounted a bowl or tappetc, which as it revolves arrives alternately in contact
with projecting pieces d, d, which are attached to a shaft e, e, vibrating iu
suitable bearings f,,; to the lower end of this shaft are affixed two sectors
to which straps 9, 9, are attached, the one being connected to the picking
stick h, and the other to that h* on the other side of the loom, as seen best in
the detached front view, Fig. 7. The picking sticks h, *, vibrate upou fixed
studds i, i, and are provided with the usual springs for bringing them to their
picking position. To the shafte, e, is affixed a boss k,furnished with projecting
arms which bear against a plate l, (see detached Figs. 3,4,5). Upon the plate
there is a projecting pin m, which extends into a socket formed in a boss
1, affixed to the framework of the loom; within the socket of this boss a spiral
spring o is placed, its upper end acting against a collar formed upon the
pin m, by which means the shaft e on vibrating in its bearings compresses
the spring o (as shewn in the detached Fig. 3), the elastic force of which will
cause the said shaft to return to its starting position at each time the picking
motion has been effected. Instead of the spiral spring o, one of a flat shape
bearing against a projection from the shaft e, may, if desired, be used.
Figs. 8 and 9, Sheet 5, exhibit a Jacquard apparatus arranged according to
our improvements therein. The needles are shown at a, a, arranged in the
usual manner, and passing through stationary guide plates a*, a*. Upon the
upper part of the framework are fixed parallel guides, one of which is seen at
b, within which is placed a sliding carriage r,c. Upon this carriage is mounted
a shaft d, d, which is caused to revolve by means of a chain e, e, driven from
the crank shaft of the loom, or by other suitable connection. To a sliding rod
= is attached an inclined plane slot f, within which there is a projecting ping,
which being caused to moveupand down in a manner similar to that practiced
in ordinary Jacquard apparatus, will effect a backward and forward motion of
the sliding rod z, which is connected at its end to the carriage c. On each side
of the bearing formed upon the carriage c, c, there is a collar affixed to the
shaft d, so that the backward and forward motion of the rod z, communicating
a like traversing to the carriage c, c, will cause the shaft d, d, to move back-
ward, forward also. Upon the rod z is affixed a plate i, i, having perforations
therein coincident with the needles a, a, which plate carries at either end two
small rollers j,j. The endless chain of pattern cards k, l, passes over rollers
,, which are provided with pins, taking into the usual register holes of the .

page_text: said cards, and from thence between the platei and the small rollers j,j. Upou
the shaft dis mounted a star bevil pinion m, which actuates a suitably formed
wheel mounted upon a shaft o, which turns in bearings attached to the car-
riage c. As these star wheels are of peculiar construction we will describe
their action particularly, by reference to the detached Figs. 10, 11, and 12.
Fig. 10 represents two wheels in gear, and Fig. 11 a view of the wheel o
detached. Fig. 12 is a view looking towards the left-hand end of Fig. 10.
the wheel n is provided with four projecting slots o*, o*, o*, o*, the spaces
between each of which are portions of circles corresponding to the periphery
of the smaller pinion m which revolves therein. The pinion m carries a pro-
jecting arm, to which a pin p is attached, and there is also a hollow recess q
formed therein, which recess is for the purpose of allowing the projections
which form the slots o*, o*, o*, o*, to revolve within the pinion m. On rotatory
motion being communicated to the shaftd the pin p will be carried into one of
the slots o*, o*, o*, o*, of the wheel n, and bearing against the side thereof
will cause the said wheel to turn upon its centre until it shall have moved so
far as to have passed beyond the action of the pin p. This will have taken
place when the wheel n has performed one quarter of a revolution, the pinion
n will then (continuing to revolve) move in contact with the circular space
between two of the slots o*, o*, o*, o*, but as the tendency which such revolu-
tion possesses to turn the wheel m by friction of contact in one direction is
counteracted by a like tendency to turn it in the other, the wheel m will be
locked in this position until the pin p shall have passed round, so as to arrive
in contact with the slot o", which now occupies the place of that previously
acted upon, when the like operation will take place. Whenever, therefore, the
pin p is not in action, the wheel n will remain in a fixed position, and it is thus
that we obtain a motion for the occasional movement of the endless pattern
cards of Jacquard machines, and of the lag or pattern rollers of what are
commonly called "fancy machines." In order to apply this motion to the
Jacquard apparatus shewn in the Drawing, there is a pulley 6 mounted upon
each end of the short shaft o, see the partial plan view, Fig. 9, which pulleys
are provided with studs which take into the register holes of the endless
pattern cards, to allow of which there is a groove formed at each end of the
plate i, through which the said studs project, it being now understood that the
carriage c, c, shaft d, and also the plate i, move backwards and forwards toge-
ther. The operation will be explained by the following description:-Suppose
the endless chain of pattern cards to have been brought into a fresh position
by means of the star wheels, as already described, the downward motion of
the pin g, effected by any ordinary agency, will thrust forward the rod z and

page_text: its appendages towards the right-hand end of Fig. 8. By this motion the
various parts will bave been brought into the position shewn in the Drawing,
and those needles which were not opposite to the perforations in the card co-
incident with perforations in the plate i, will have been pushed onwards so as
to liberate the hooks connected to them, after the ordinary manner of Jacquard
apparatus.
Having described the construction and operation, separately and in conjunc-
tion with the Jacquard machine, of the star wheel and pinion n, m, the plan
of applying the same for the purpose of giving motion to the lag or pattern
rollers of "fancy machines" will be readily understood, and will not therefore
need a separate description.
The fourth bead of our Invention is shewn in the several Figures of
Sheets 6, 7,&8 of the accompanying Drawings, and we shall, first of all, point
out the construction and arrangement of the parts of the machinery or appa-
ratus we employ, with their separate motions, and subsequently the combined
operations of the same.
Fig. 1, Sheet 6, is a side elevation of a machine applicable to the winding
of yarns or threads into a ball direct from the bobbins or cops. Fig. 2 is a
plan or horizontal representation of the same, and Fig. 3, Sheet 7, is a trans-
verse vertical section, taken about the line a, b, of Fig. 2. The various parts
of the framework of the machine are shewn at a, a, a, a, supporting the shaft
6, 6, upon which the usual fast and loose pulleys are mounted. Upon the shaft
6 is affixed a conical drum c, c, which imparts rotary motion by means of a
strap d, d, to another conical drum e, e, mounted upon a shaft f, upcn which
shaft is affixed a toothed pinion g, taking into a wheel h, mounted upon a stud
attached to the framework of the machine. The wheel is placed in gear
with another i, which is keyed to a shaft j, car ring at its other end a toothed
wheel k, which drives another wheel l, mounted upon a hollow axle m, turning
in suitably fixed bearings. To the wheel is attached a flyer n, n, which is
thus caused to revolve around the hollow axle m, m. A short shaft o carries
at one end a pinion p, which is driven by the toothed wheel k, the other end of
the shaft p being provided with a friction roller q, which revolves in contact
with a friction plater, upon the axle of which plate is mounted a bevil pinion s,
which, through the intervention of another s*, imparts rotary motion to a spur
wheel t, which by the connexion shewn in the Drawing causes a spur wheel u
to revolve. Upon the last-mentioned wheel there is affixed a pin v, which
takes into the notches of a star wheel w, w, which is thereby caused at inter-
vals to revolve, but at others to be held stationary by the circular disc x, which
star wheel w, w, is mounted upon a projecting spindle y, y, which is thereby

page_text: caused to revolve, and it is upon this spindle that the ball of yarn or thread is
intended to be formed. The bevil pinions s", and subsequent train of wheels
t, to, and u, and also the star wheel w, w, are mounted upon axis which turn
in bearings attached to a framework z, z, z. This framework is hung upcn
centre pins 1, 1, capable of turning in bearings 2, 2, affixed to the main frame
a, a, a, of the machine. Upon the outer end of the hollow axis is affixed a
grooved pulley 3, which by means of a band communicates rotary motion to a
similar pulley 4, mounted loosely on one end of a screwed shaft 5, turning in
bearings attached to the framing a, a, of the machine. Upon the inside of
the pulley 4 a centre pin is affixed, upon which a pinion 7 is mounted loosely,
which pinion takes in the teeth of two other pinions 8, 8, one of which is
affixed to the screwed shaft and the other to the framework a, a, of the ma-
chine. One of the pinions 8 is furnished with a tooth more than the other
so that as the pulley 4 revolves, carrying with it the pinion 7, one revolution
thereof will cause the screwed shaft 5 to revolve a distance equivalent to one
tooth of the pinion 7, and in so revolving will carry forward a screw box 9,9,
furnished with arms, which embrace the cone strap d, d. By this arrange-
ment the said strap will be shifted, so as to vary the speed of the train of wheels
and pinions before described, and, consequently, the rate at which the flyeru, u,
and spindle y.y, revolve. To the arms of the screw box q are attached rods
10, 10, which move in guides 11, 11, affixed to the framework a, a. The
rods 10, 10, are connected at their outward end to other rods 12, 12, which
are jointed to the swinging frame z,z, so that as the screw box q travels along
its shaft in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 2, the rods 10, 10, and 12, 12, will
cause the swinging frames, s, to turn upon its centre pins 1, 1, and change the.
direction of the spindle y, with reference to the line described by the revolu-
tion of the flyer n. By this arrangement the flyer n, n, will be caused to
revolve more slowly as the ball of warp in progress of being wound upon the
spindle increases in diameter, and thus the same quantity of warp will be
drawn from the bobbins or cops in a given time, so as to cause them to revolve
at an uniform speed. The differential motion caused by the travelling of the
strap d upon the conical drums c, e, will also reduce the speed at which the
spindle y.y, revolves, but in proportion therewith, as it is necessary, however,
that such reduction of velocity should be relatively greater than that part of
the flyer n, n. In order to keep the laps of the warp threads evenly wound
we adopt the following arrangement:-The friction roller gis mounted loosely
upon the shaft o, but caused to revolve therewith by means of an ordinary
feather connexion, and to it is attached a boss provided with a groove, in which
is placed a fork, projecting from a rod 13, 18. . This rod slides in a guide 14,

page_text: and is formed as a toothed rack at 13*, the teeth of which are in gear with a
toothed segment 15, formed upon the upper end of a lever 16, which turns
upon a centre 17 attached to the framework of the machine, and is provided
at its lower end with a slot, into which a pin projects, connected to the arms
of the screw box q by means of rods 18, 15. By this arrangement it will bo
perceived that as the screw box q travels along the shaft 5, in the direction of
the arrow, Fig. 2, the lever 16 will be caused to turn upon its centre pin,
and thus through the intervention of the toothed segment 15 and rack 13*
slide the friction roller q on to a larger diameter of the friction plater. By
this means the bevil pinion s and subsequent train of wheels will be caused to
move with diminished speed, and consequently impart a like decreased rate of
revolution to the spindle y, y.
the
The operation of the machine is as follows:-The bobbins or cops containing
yarns or threads intended to be balled upon the spindle y, y, are placed in
the ordinary creel, which we have not thought it necessary to shew in the
Drawing; from thence they are conveyed through reeds 19, under and over
rollers 20, 20, 20, mounted upon suitable framework, as shewn in the Drawings,
through other reeds 21, and from thence through the hollow axis n; they are
then passed over rollers 22, 22, 22, mounted on the flyer and conducted
downwards through a tube or guide 23 to the spindle y, y, to which they are
attached by means of the projecting hook 24*. The tube or guide 23 is
suspended by a pin 24 to the flyer n, and has a trumpet-shaped apperture at
bottom through which the yarns or threads are passed to the spindle. By this
arrangement the said tube 23 will remain in contact with the ball in progress
of being wound, and thus press the laps evenly as they are successively laid
on. The driving strap being then applied to the fast pulley, the flyer, by the
arrangement beforedescribed will be caused to revolve around the spindley,y,
which will at the same time be in course of occasional revolution around its
centre. At the same time the travelling of the strap d along the conical
drums c, e, in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 2, will cause the swinging
frame to turn upon its centre pin 1, and thus alter the angle of the spindley,
by which motion a square edge will be kept at the top and bottom of the ball.
During this time the travelling of the strap d upon the conical drum c, e, will
by the means before described gradually cause the yarns or threads to be
wound more slowly as the ball increases in diameter, and the alteration of
position of the pulley g impart a diminishing rate of revolution to the spindley.
The Figs. of Sheet 8 represent another arrangement of apparatus for effect-
ing the same object as that last described.-Fig. 1 is an end elevation of the
machine; and Fig. 2 is a plan or borizontal view thereof.
.

page_text: We have shewn this machine as winding the yarns or threads from an
ordinary swift. It will beevident, however, that it is equally applicable with
the last to the production of a ball direct from the bobbins or cops. Upon
the driving shaft bis affixed, as in the formerly-described machine, a conical
drum e imparting a rotatary motion by means of a strap d to another similar
formed drum e, upon the axle of which there is a pinion 25, taking into it an
intermediate toothed wheel mounted upon the shaft 26, which wheel is in
gear with another 27, mounted upon the spindle y, upon which the yarns or
threads are intended to be wound. The spindle is provided with a pulley 3,
which by means of another 4 drives the screw 5 for effecting the shifting of
the strap d, as described with reference to the former machine. Upon the
axle of the conical drum e, there is mounted a friction pulley 28, capable of
sliding thereon, as shewn in the Drawing, in the boss of which pulley there
is a groove embraced by a forked arm which is attached to the rod 28* in
connection with the screw box q. The pulley 28 revolves in contact with a
friction dise 29 mounted upon a cross shaft 30, to which is attached a pinion
taken into a toothed wheel 31, upon the shaft of which there is mounted a
crank 32, which imparts a reciprocating motion to a rod 33, jointed to an
upright lever 34, which lever vibrates upon a centre pin 35, and to its upper
end there is jointed a guide 36, through an opening at top of which the yarns
or threads pass on their way to the spindle. The yarns or threads pass in this
iustance from the ordinary swift through an aperture 37, formed in the frame-
work of the machine, and from thence to the spindle y, which being put into
motion by the arrangement of parts before described, the said yarns or threads
will be wound thereon. At the same time the revolution of the crank will,
by means of the connecting rod 33, cause the lever 34, and with it the guide
piece 36, to vibrate upon the centre 35, thus traversing the threads along
the spindle, and effecting the required formation of the ball. During
which operation the travelling strap d will, as the ball increases, effect
the required alteration of speed in the spindle, a like diminution in
the rate at which the guide 36 traverses being accomplished by the fric-
tion pulley 28 being moved into contact with a larger diameter of the
disc 29.
In concluding the description of this part of our Invention we would remark
that the methods of giving motion to the several moving parts may be varied
without departing from the principles upon which they are constructed; for
instance, instead of the star wheel of the first-described machine, an ordinary
spur or other wheel may be employed for imparting a gradual or occasional
revolving motion to the spindle, and that if desired the angle of the said

page_text: spindle may be altered so as to form a ball of any required shape by means
of a sector rack and pinion to be turned by hand, as shewn in the Drawings
at A, A., We would also observe that in winding yarns or threads direct from
the bobbins or cops that the lease may be taken at the reeds 21 in any usual
manner. Also that, if required, any ordinary sizing apparatus may be placed
between the creel in which the bobbins or cops are mounted, and the machine
by which they are formed into a ball. With reference to the last-described
machine, we have shewn the differential motion as applied to the reduction
of the revolving rate of the spindle, but such contrivance will not be found
necessary when winding the yarns or threads from the swift.
Having thus fully described and ascertained the nature of our said Inven_
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, we wish it to be
understood, that we claim as secured to us under the above in part recited
Letters Patent, as follows:-
Under the first head we claim,-
Firstly, with reference to that machine commonly known as the "teazer
or devil" in the preparation of wool, the application of a spiked roller, beater,
or scutcher, so situated as to take the wool from the feeding apparatus, and
beat orconvey it downwards over a grating or perforated surface previously to
the material being subjected to the action of the main part of the machine,
whether the said roller, beater, or scutcher be used in conjunction with the
patent feed or with the ordinary feeding rollers.
Secondly, the novel disposition or arrangement of calendering rollers as
applied to a lap machine, and described with reference to Fig. 2, Sheet 1.
Thirdly, the application of a presser bar or plate to lap machines for the
purpose of compressing the cotton or such other material as it is wound upon
the lap roller in cases where only one winding-on roller is used.
Fourthly, as an improvement in the construction of cylinders or rollers of
carding engines, the introduction of a strip or strips of wood beneath the sheet
metal employed in covering such cylinders or rollers.
Fifthly, the peculiar arrangement or system of operating upon the material
by the three carding engines described with reference to Figs. 3, 4, and 5,
Sheet 1.
Sixthly, the method of preparing for feeding and feeding cotton or other
similar material into carding engines in cases where two or more of such
machines are employed forconsecutive operations, which methods aredescribed
with reference to Figs. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, Sheet 1.
Seventhly, with reference to that machine known as the endless carding
engine, we
claim the production of slivers by the use of one doffer cylinder

page_text: only (with the ordinary rings of cards thereon), which does not traverse the
material, which would otherwise accumulate in the machine at those parts
which are opposite to the spaces between the rings on the said doffer cylinder,
being distributed by the traversing of a roller or rollers applied to any suitable
part of the main carding cylinder. Also we claim for effecting the like object,
imparting to the main carding cylinder a reciprocating or traversing motion.
Also we claim, with reference to the endless carding engine, the use of one
doffer cylinder, with rings of card, and intervening spaces thereon, traversing
laterally, in combination with a reciprocating rubbing motion and the surface
drums for winding the slivers by friction of contract. Also, with reference to
endless carding engines, in which one doffer cylinder only is employed, we
claim the use of guides placed before the feeding rollers, of such a form that
the slivers shall enter and pass through the machine in separate and distinct
bands.
Eighthly, for the purpose of feeding carding engines, the use of a travelling
apron of wire cards, placed at such an angle to a roller intended to convey
the material therefrom, that the whole of the material shall be taken up
by: the said roller, and distributed throughout the width of the carding
engine..
Ninthly, driving the spindles and flyers of roving and slubbing frames at
the top thereof, in combination with tubes or collars, into which the spindles
pass, and are thereby retained in a correct position.
Tenthly, the application to roving and slubbing frames of a plate or plates,
through apertures formed in which the rovings or slubbings pass, for the pur-
pose above set forth; also the application of a roller or rollers applied in front
of the delivering rollers, but not in contact therewith, provided with a surface
suitable for causing the broken ends of the cotton, or other material, to adhere
thereto.
Eleventhly, with reference to roving and slubbing frames, we claim dis-
engaging the shaft which drives the bobbins, or that which actuates the
spindles, from any of the wheels or other apparatus used for imparting motion
thereto, and then, by means of suitable apparatus, turning the said bobbin or
spindle shaftsoas to unwind simultaneously the whole or a portion of the said
rovings or slubbings, for the purpose above set forth.
Twelfthly, the arrangement of top bearings, as applied to the spindles of
roving or slubbing frames; the peculiar feature of such arrangement being
that such bearings are capable of being turned over upon appropriate centres
towards the attendant of the machine.
Thirteenthly, the application to "centrifugal flyers" of a spring, for the

page_text: purpose of preventing the presser thereof from leaving the bobbin upon a
decreased speed taking place.
Fourteenthly, the application of lengthening pieces to flyers for the purpose
above set forth.
Fifteenthly, the application of fixed tubes to the interiors of bobbins of
roving and slubbing frames, for the purpose of steadying the spindles, when
such bobbins are caused to revolve by drag only.
Sixteenthly, with reference to roving and slubbing frames, we claim the
forming a recess in the upper end of tubes or collars which support the
spindles in order to admit the boss of the flyer. And we also claim so con-
structing bobbins (of roving and slubbing frames), which run upon fixed tubes
or collars, that they are capable of receiving the boss of the flyer in their
interior when at the top of the lift.
Seventeenthly, with reference to carding engines, in which the sheet of
material is removed from the doffer cylinder by rollers instead of by the crank
notion, the application of a roller or stripper working with the surfaces of
the doffer and main carding cylinders, and havinga reciprocating or traversing
motion.
Under the second head we claim,-
The general arrangement and construction of the tube or collar as applied
to throstle spindles.
Under the third head we claim,-
Firstly, as applied to looms, the use of a cam cast in the same piece, or
otherwise affixed to the usual tappets for shedding the warp; such cam
operating by suitable connections, so as to slacken the warp threads at the
time they are about to be shed.
Secondly, we clain the arrangement of picking motion, consisting of the
revolving bowl or tappet c, and reciprocating shafte, such shaft being provided
with a finger on each side of the centre of the tappet wheel.
Thirdly, the application of the star wheel ", and pinion m, for working the
card or pattern cylinders of Jacquard machines.
Also the combination of the pulleys 2, and perforated platei, with the recip-
rocating movement for actuating the needles in such machines when pattern
cards are used.
We also claim the use of the star wheel n, and pinion m, for driving the
lag or pattern chain of "fancy machines."
Under the fourth head we claim,-
Firstly, so treating yarns or threads which are intended to constitute warps
for looms, or other machinery used in the manufacture of goods from fibrous

page_text: materials, that they are wound into a ball direct from the bobbins or cops
instead of from a swift or warping mill, as is usually practised.
Secondly, we claim the general arrangement and construction of machinery
for winding yards or threads into a ball, either from the bobbins or cops, or
from the ordinary swift or mill; and particularly in such arrangement and
construction we claim the use of the spindle a, represented in the Figures of
Sheets 6 and 7, so arranged that the angle thereof shall be changed by the
action of the machine, or by the operation of the attendant, as the yarns or
threads are wound thereon; also the use of the guide for conveying the yarng
or threads to the spindle, such guide being in contact with the material in
process of being wound. We claim also the use of the revolving spindle.
described with reference to the Figures of Sheet 8, in combination with the
traversing guide.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Mason and Mark Smith, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-seventh day of July, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty.
BLAIR, Extra.
JOHN (L.B.) MASON.
MARK (L.s.) SMITH.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-seventh day of July, in
the year of our Lord 1850, the aforesaid John Mason and Mark Smith came 2
before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified,
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid wasst amped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-ninth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty.
2