Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 7th July, 1886.
Complete Left, 12th Mar., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 15th Apr., 1887,
1
I PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE of 55 and 56 Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex, Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows :-
The object of this invention is to effect the removal of the gases retained in
molten steel or ingot iron and the deoxidation and recarburation of the same, the
invention being applicable to either the acid or basic processes of manufacture.
The invention consists in treating the molten, decarburized (and when the basic
process is used (dephosphorized) metal after removal of the greater part of the slag,
with combined carbonaceous and basic, neutral or silicious material all as hereinafter
set forth. I make the addition of the material to the bath of metal either by throwing
it in or by dropping it down a suitably arranged shoot so that it may sink as far as
possible into the molten metal, and not merely float on the supernatant slag. Or in
place of making the addition in the furnace or converter I add it in the ladle into
which the metal is to be poured either before or during or after the introduction of
the metal into the said ladle..
This carbonaceous mixture is prepared as follows; for use in the acid process I
intimately mix with sand, clay or other similar silicious material as much hot boiled
tar as it will absorb without becoming too liquid ;-for use in the basic process,
ground burnt ordinary lime or dolomitic lime, or dolomitic lime which has been
previously shrunk (thus increasing its density) is substituted for the silicious material,
or nentral material may be employed when desired. The resulting mass should be
sufficiently soft to be cut with a shovel. In the basic process, natural asphalt is
especially suitable, and it can be used direct either in the raw or ground state.

page_text: On the tarry mixture reaching the metal, a strong reaction immediately sets in,
which results in the almost complete expulsion of the absorbed gases, in the reduction
of most of the oxide contained in the metal, and at the same time to a slight extent
recarburizes the bath or ladle of metal. The recarburation of the bath is thus effected
by the aid of the tar introduced in place of as at present, the carbon contained in some
metallic compound of manganese and iron, the addition of manganese may thus for
this purpose be wholly omitted, but as the presence of manganese in the finished steel
or ingot iron is considered and probably is advantageous, it is well to add sufficient
ferromanganese or spiegel to give the required percentage of manganese to the finished
product. Such addition is preferably made after the addition of the carbonaceous
matter. In place of tar, other similar hydrocarbon compounds or carbonaceous
materials may be employed.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Steel and Ingot Iron.
:
I, PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE of 55 and 56 Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention (a communication to me from abroad by Hermann Theodor Rode of
Peine in the Empire of Germany, Engineer) and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The object of this invention is to effect the removal of the gases retained in molten
steel or ingot iron, and the deoxidation and recarburation of the same, the invention
being applicable to either the acid or basic processes of manufacture.
The invention consists in treating the molten decarburised (and when the basic
process is used, dephosphorized) metal after removal of the greater part of the slag
with combined carbonaceous and basic, neutral, or silicious material, all as hereinafter
set forth.
I make the addition of the material to the bath of metal either by throwing it in, or
by dropping it down a suitably arranged chute so that it may sink as far as possible
into the molten metal, and not merely float on the supernatant slag. Or in place of
making the addition in the furnace or converter I add it in the ladle into which the
metal is to be poured either before or during or after the introduction of the metal
into the said ladle. This carbonaceous mixture is prepared as follows-For use in the
acid process I intimately mix with sand, clay, or other similar silicious material as
much hot boiled tar or pitch as it will absorb or retain without becoming too liquid;
for use in the basic process, ground burnt ordinary lime or dolomitic lime, or dolomitic
lime which has been previously shrunk (thus increasing its density) is substituted
for the silicious material, or neutral material may be employed when desired. The
resulting mass may be sufficiently soft to be cut with a shovel or may be so pro-
portioned as to set hard on cooling. In the basic process, natural asphalt is especially
suitable, and it can be used direct either in the raw or ground state. On the tarry or
carbonaceous mixture reaching the metal, a strong reaction immediately sets in, which
results in the almost complete expulsion of the absorbed gases, in the reduction of
most of the oxide contained in the metal, and at the same time to a slight extent
recarburises the bath or ladle of metal.
The deoxidation and recarburation of the bath is thus effected by the aid of the tar
or pitch which is introduced in place of relying as at present solely upon the ordinary
amount of carbon contained in some metallic compound of manganese and iron, the
addition of manganese may thus for this purpose be wholly omitted, but as the presence
of manganese in the finished steel or ingot iron is considered and probably is,
advantageous, it is well to add sufficient ferro-manganese or spiegel to give the

page_text: required percentage of manganese to the finished product. Such addition is preferably
made after the addition of the carbonaceous matter. In place of tar or pitch other
similar hydrocarbon compounds or carbonaceous materials may be employed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :---
In the manufacture of steel or ingot iron the process hereinbefore described, con-
sisting in adding to the molten decarburised (and in the basic process, dephosphorized)
metal, a mixture of hydrocarbon and basic, neutral, or silicious material, substantially
as and for the purposes set forth.