Nitrogenous Substances.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Oct., 1887
Complete Specification Left, 31st July, 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 12th Oct., 1888
Nitrogenous Substances.
We, Baron MAX VON MALTZAN, Gentleman, of 3 Louisenplatz, Borlin, and
LEBERECHT TRALLS, Colliery Superintendent, of Schellenken, near Dux, both in the
Empire of Germany, do hereby declare the nature of this invention. to be as
follows:-
The present invention relates to a process for obtaining or securing the nitrogen
contained in all kinds of nitrogenous mixtures (which nitrogen by the oxidation of
these mixtures disengages in the form of ammonia) in order to convert it into a
marketable product.
For this purpose we effect the oxidation in the presence or during, or after the
addition of auxiliary substances such as sulphur, compounds of sulphur, calcium,
manganese, or mixtures of these substances or compounds.
Or we effect the oxidation in any suitable manner and force the nitrogenous gases
disengaged by this oxidation through the said auxiliary substances. We then collect
the residue of the oxidation or the said auxiliary substances, enriched by the nitro-
genous gases forced through them, and produce therefrom pure substances such as
ammonia-sulphate, ammonia-alum, ammonia-soda, (that is to say soda or carbonate of
soda obtained by the ammonia process) saltpeter &c., or we employ the residue of the
oxidation or the said enriched auxiliary substances directly for any suitable purpose
such as for manure.
The quantity produced is in proportion to the duration of deflagration, the process
remaining unchanged whether the material be completely burned or only oxidised to
certain extent or whether the material be already oxidised to a certain extent
before treatment.
As however a considerable difference exists in the composition of various materials
of animal and vegetable origin and as they are sometimes in a more or less fossillized
condition the practical details of the process will somewhat vary. If for example
bit-coal or brown coal barrow be operated upon, which for general purposes is
seless but which generally possesses sufficient quantities of argillite, manganese,

page_text: common iron pyrites or similar compounds of aluminium or manganese or sulphur it
is only necessary to spread about one per cent. of gypsum over the burning barrows
so as to produce from the residue by lixiviation and evaporation, sulphate of ammonia,
or ammonia-alum and at the same time recover the gypsum.
When treating alum-open-heads (ore heaps to be calcined for obtaining alum) to
obtain ammonia in the form of ammonia-alum which would otherwise escape with the
products of combustion we employ a similar process to that just described.
In turf-beds which are rich in nitrogen and which are often poor in compounds or
combinations of aluminium and manganese and polysulphides. it is advantageous to
mix or to cover the material with an argillaceous mixture or with an earthy substance
containing manganese or with a quantity (according to the nitrogen to be extracted)
of sulphuric acid with the addition of lime, or with a mixture of the said earthy
substances and about two thirds sulphuric acid and one third gypsum.
In charcoal piles the said treating substances are advantageously added to the turf
or peat.
When treating fecal matters or excrements and similar substances containing free
nitrogen from any cause such as rottenness, the oxidation is not necessary for freeing
nitrogen, but for expelling superfluous or useless substances. Therefore the auxiliary
substances are to be added only for retaining nitrogen and producing especially
sulphate compounds, and for this reason it is necessary to employ a different com-
position of the auxiliary substances when compared with matters to be oxidized for
producing free nitrogen or ammonia. For this purpose it may be advantageous to
employ sulphuric acid or another sulphur compound as an auxiliary substance.
It may be found advantageous when treating the said materials to dispense with
oxidation and to force out the ammonia contained in them by a suitable artificial
heating and to secure it by means of gypsum. This latter operation can be effected
either with or without the hereinbefore described treating substances.
If the nitrogenous materials contain albumen, it is advantageous to previously
convert them into ammonia by bringing them into a decayed or rotten condition.
If the principal object is the extraction of nitrogen from the materials hereinbefore
mentioned as examples and in which case consequently (as well as in other cases) a
slow deflagration is required, this process can be employed where fuel, for example,
is used, for other purposes such as for heating and the like.
If the treating substances be added in proportion suitable to the nature of the fuel
even where the fire is burning brightly a considerable yield could be obtained.
The quantitative results of the process are determined only by the presence of the
treating substances, pure or combined or mixed with other substances-in larger or
smaller quantities proportionate to the quantity of nitrogen to be extracted whether
the treating substances be already existing in or added to the material.
It is unimportant in what order the treating substances are added and whether
they be used singly or combined or whether other than the said substances exist in
the material to be treated or are added to it or whether the treating substances are
made accessible for the gases of combustion.
Data the 31st day of October 1887
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: Nitrogenous Mixtures from
Nitrogenous Substances.
We, Baron MAX VON MALTZAN, Gentleman, of 3, Louisenplatz, Berlin, and
LEBERECHT TRALLS, Colliery Superintendent, of Schellenken, near Dux, both in the
Empire of Germany, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
The present invention relates to a process for obtaining or securing the nitrogen
contained in all kinds of nitrogenous mixtures (which nitrogen by the oxidation of
these mixtures disengages in the form of ammonia) in order to convert it into a
marketable product.
For this purpose we effect the oxidation in the presence of or during, or after the
addition of auxiliary substances such as sulphur, compounds of sulphur, calcium,
manganese, or mixtures of these substances or compounds.
Or we effect the oxidation in any suitable manner and force the nitrogenous gases
disengaged by this oxidation through the said auxiliary substances. We then collect
the residue of the oxidation or the said auxiliary substances, enriched by the nitro-
genous gases forced through them, and produce therefrom pure substances such as
ammonia-sulphate, ammonia-alum, ammonia-soda, (that is to say soda or carbonate of
soda obtained by the ammonia process) saltpoter &c. or we employ the residue of the
oxidation.or the said enriched auxiliary substances directly for any suitable purpose
such as for manure.
The quantity produced is in proportion to the duration of deflagration, the process
remaining unchanged whether the material be completely burned or only oxidised to
a certain extent or whether the material be already oxidised to a certain extent before
treatment.
As however a considerable difference exists in the composition of various materials
of animal and vegetable origin and as they are sometimes in a more or less fossillized
condition the practical details of the process will somewhat vary. If for example pit-
coal or brown coal barrow be operated upon, which for general purposes is useless
but which generally possesses sufficient quantities of argillite, manganese, common
iron pyrites or similar compounds of aluminium or manganese or sulphur it is only
necessary to spread about one per cent of gypsum over the burning barrow so as to
produce from the residue by lixiviation and evaporation, sulphate of ammonia,
or ammonia-alun and at the same time recover the gypsum.
When treating alum-open-heads (ore heaps to be calcined for obtaining alum) to
obtain ammonia in the form of ammonia-alum which would otherwise escape with
the products of combustion we employ a similar process to that just described."
In turf-beds which are rich in nitrogen and which are often poor in compounds
or combinations of aluminium and manganese and poly-sulphides, it is advantageous

page_text: to mix or to cover the material with an argillaceous mixture or with an earthy
substance containing manganese or with a quantity (according to the nitrogen to be
extracted) of sulphuric acid with the addition of lime, or with a mixture of the said
earthy substances and about two thirds sulphuric acid and one third gypsum.
In charcoal piles the said treating substances are advantageously added to the turf
or peat.
When treating fecal matters or excrements and similar substances containing free
nitrogen from any cause such as rottenness, the oxidation is not necessary for freeing
nitrogen, but for expelling superfluous or useless substances. Therefore the auxiliary
substances are to be added only for retaining nitrogen and producing especially
sulphate compounds, and for this reason it is necessary to employ a different composi-
tion of the auxiliary substances when compared with matters to be oxidized for
producing free nitrogen or ammonia. For this purpose it may be advantageous to
employ sulphuric acid or another sulphur compound as an auxiliary substance.
It may be found advantageous when treating the said materials to dispense with
oxidation and to force out the ammonia contained in them by a suitable artificial
heating and to secure it by means of gypsum. This latter operation can be effected
either with or without the herein before described treating substances.
If the nitrogenous materials contain albumen, it is advantageous to previously
convert them into ammonia by bringing them into a decayed or rotten condition.
If the principal object is the extraction of nitrogen from the materials herein before
mentioned as examples and in which case consequently (as well as in other cases) a
slow deflagration is required, this process can be employed where fuel, for example,
is used, for other purposes such as for heating and the like.
If the treating substances be added in proportion suitable to the nature of the fuel
even where the fire is burning brightly a considerable yield could be obtained.
The quantitative results of the process are determined only by the presence of the
treating substances, pure or combined or mixed with other substances in larger or
smaller quantities proportionate to the quantity of nitrogen to be extracted whether
the treating substances be already existing in or added to the material.
It is unimportant in what order the treating substances are added and whether they
be used singly or combined or whether other than the said substances exist in the
material to be treated or are added to it or whether the treating substances are made
accessible for the gases of combustion.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. The process for producing or extracting nitrogen or nitrogenous mixtures from
nitrogenous substances of all kinds and characterized by
(a) The oxidation to a certain degree of the material, the said material possessing
or having added thereto compounds of calcium, aluminium, or manganese and
sulphur, or mixtures of these substances; or compounds; or
(b) Bringing into contact the gases of oxidation with the auxiliary substances
mentioned in (a) or mixtures of these substances or compounds; or
(c) This contact of the gases of oxidation is applicable only to one or more of
the above mentioned auxiliary substances or mixtures of these substances or
compounds.
2. In the process characterised in claim 1,
(a) obtaining or extracting the resulting soluble nitrogenous mixture by a
re-extraction of the auxiliary substances by lixiviation of the residue of
oxidation or of the auxiliary substances or mixtures of these substances
brought into contact with the gases of oxidation; or
(b) the employment of the residues of oxidation, or of the auxiliary substances
impregnated with the gases of oxidation directly, for any suitable purpose, as
for manure.
3. The process for the production or extraction of nitrogenous mixtures from pit

page_text: coal or brown coal-barrow, when they contain sufficient quantities of argillite or
manganese or common iron-pyrites or similar compounds of aluminium or manganese
or sulphur consisting in securing the ammonia escaping with the products of combus-
tion by sprinkling or spreading over the pit coal or brown coal-barrow about one
per cent of gypsum or its constituents or, in case the sulphurous combinations or
compounds present are in excess, of carbonate of lime or of quicklime and by slow
oxidation, then in lixiviating the residue of oxidation whereby gypsum is reobtained,
and finally heating the obtained lye-water by the ordinary process.
4. The production of ammonia-alumina-alum or ammonia-manganese-alum from
alum-open-heads, substantially as hereinbefore described.
5. The process for the extraction of nitrogenous mixtures especially from materials
which are not so suitable for oxidation, as for example, fecal matters or excrements,
whereby the ammonia is forced out by a suitable artificial heating only and is secured
by means of gypsum either with or without the herein before described auxiliary
substances substantially as herein before described.
Dated 211 1.
TI
1000
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agents for the Applicants.