An Improved Machine for Making Paper Bags, and the like.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Jan., 1896-Accepted, 7th Mar., 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Machine for Making Paper Bags, and the like.
I, FRIEDRICH HESSER of 61 Ludwigstrasse, Caunstadt, Wurtemberg
in the Empire of Germany, Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has for its object to enable paper bags and the like (more
particularly paper bags with bottoms) of any suitable form and size, to be made on
the same machine, also to enable the mandrel. folding box, longitudinal folder,
bottom folder and gumming stamp of the machine to be changed or adjusted
according to the form and size of the bag to be made, whilst the various other parts
of the machine may remain for all sizes and forms of bags. This object is attained
by the devices shown on the accompanying drawings, Sheets 1-5 and Figures 1-25,
whilst Figures 26-29 of Sheet 6 show a device for making special broad bags
with hottoms.
The paper blanks Z (see Figure 1), which have been previously stamped out
into a suitable form are placed on a carriage B which has an intermittent recipro-
cating movement, and between the two rails of which there is arranged a fixed
table C fastened on the bed-plate A of the machine. In one movement of the
carriage B which travels on rollers (Figure 4) the paper blanks Z are conveyed
from the first station I (on which they are placed) on to the first halting place II,
where the sheets are gummed at certain places and retained on the immovable
plate C by means of a plate d carried by an oscillating arm D. Ou the return of
the carriage B this plate d holds the sheets fast on the table C, until the next
forward movement of the carriage when a fresh blank Z which has been placed on
the first stage I is conveyed to the gumming station II, whilst the blanks Z which
have already been gumined, are released by the key D, and conveyed from
station II to the next station III, and there again retained on the table C by
another similar device d D on the return of the carriage. In this manner the paper
blank Z is gradually conveyed to stations IV and V. In this latter station the
blank Z is folded into a suitable form on the mandrel L, and the open sides as well
as the bottom are stuck down. From station V the finished bag is then pushed
(at right angles to the previous course of movement) off the mandrel L, and
conveyed to the next station VI where it is prevented from returning with the
ejecting rod by an elbow piece placed in front of its open edge, and is subsequently
pushed over a bevelled block V.
Stations III and IV have no further object than to give time for the gum to
dry (i.. to become viscid).
The operation of the carriage B as well as of the various operating devices
which are necessary for the conversion of the paper blank Z into a bag Z' with a
bottom, is effected by means of suitable peculiarly shaped eccentrics 1-15. These
are mounted on two parallel shafts A and A or a cross shaft A', (Figure 2)
which three shafts are mounted in bearings or brackets a on the frame under the
bed-plate A. The shaft A' is driven by means of a friction device from the belt
disc E, whilst the shafts A and A³ are driven from the shaft A' by means of bevel
gearing a¹.
As already mentioned the table C is fixed stationary on the plate A. The

page_text: forwarding catches & are arranged on the carriage B (see Figures 6-8 Sheet 2)
and are bevelled off at the rear and have recesses in front in which the blanks Z
are laid. On the carriage moving forward, these catches b carry the blank Z with
them and bring it to the next stopping place. In order that the sheet may not
be carried too far on the stopping of the carriage B, elbow levers Care arranged
beneath the fixed table C and are each provided at both sides with two small
adjustable angle pieces c which encounter and retain the blank. These elbow
levers are coupled at their other end with a lever (Figure 3) by means of a
common rod e, which lever is mounted in a bracket C² fixed to the bed plate A
and receives its movement from the stopping eccentric 2 (Figure 3) by means of
the eccentric rod C³ connected therewith.
The carriage B which travels on the rollers 62, is connected by means of an
elbow piece Band link pivoted in sockets & thereon with an operating lever B²,
which is mounted on the rockshaft a² of the frame, and receives an oscillating
motion from the eccentric 1 mounted on the cross shaft A2 by means of the
eccentric rod B³ connected with it, and transfers this movement to the carriage B.
As soon, therefore, as the carriage B makes a forward movement, the elbow
pieces are turned so far that the angle stops e project above the table C and
come in contact with the blank Z. The retainer D, or rather the retainer plate d,
then immediately presses the blank Z down onto the table C and holds it fast.
The elbow levers then turn back again and the stops e disappear under the
table. Ou the return of the carriage B, the catches which are bevelled or
tapered in the rear, slip under the paper blanks Z which are held down by the
retainers, lift these sheets, and then slip away under them; before the forward.
movement again takes place, the retainer plates d are raised by means of the
arms D and release the blanks Z, and the latter are then, on the next forward
movement, further forwarded to the next stopping place.
The retainer arms D are mounted on a common shaft D' (Figure 1) and are
operated by means of a lever fixed to the latter and eccentric rod D2 from
an eccentric 3 which is mounted on the parallel shaft A3 (Figure 1).
The arrangement at station II where the sheets are gummed consists of gumming
stamps H H and H2 (Figures 15 and 16) adjustably mounted on a plate F which
is releasably mounted on a sliding piece F, which latter is moved on guide bars/
by means of a rod F1 connected to a lever F2, which latter receives movement by
means of an eccentric rod F³ from an eccentric 4 which is mounted on the parallel
shaft A', that is to say the sliding piece F is caused to describe a horizontally
reciprocating movement at right angles to the direction of movement of the
carriage B. The gumming stamps H-H also make this horizontal movement.
The guides of the sliding piece F, together with their operating rod F, are
fixed to a support G, which is vertically adjustable in guide bars g, and which is
connected with a rack G, this latter being pivotally connected with a vertically-
oscillating lever gl. The latter receives its movement by means of a roller
connected thereto and travelling on an eccentric s which is fixed on the parallel
shaft A'.
is
If the gumming stamps H-H convey no gum on to the blanks Z the stamps
or rather the vertically-moving support G is not lowered, and this is effected by
not releasing a pawl which engages in the rack G and is mounted on a
bracket G. A lever G (Figure 15) mounted on a projection of a bracket F
which carries the lever F, serves for releasing the said pawly, and for this purpose
said lever G³ which is maintained in a given pusition by means of a spring
connected with the pawl g2 by means of a connecting rod which forces the pawl
to remain constantly engaged with the teeth of the rack G, so that the latter can
only descend when the machine attendant places his foot on a treadle at the free
end of the lever G, thus causing the latter to be pressed down and the rack G' to
be disengaged from the pawl 2 and in this condition it can descend together with
the mechanismi connected with it.
The gumming roller e of the gum holder E is constantly rotated by means of

page_text: the device shown in Figure 1, so that fresh gum is always equally distributed over
the surface of the roller. The stamps H-H³ which rub on the gumming roller e
are always evenly coated with gun on their stamping faces, and on the descent of
the support G, the gum is conveyed on to the parts of the sheet Z which are
shown shaded in Figure 1 of the drawings (station II).
The continuous operation of the gumming roller e is effected by means of helt
pulleys from the shaft E, which through belt pulleys and is
operated by means of a friction belt pulley mounted on the same shaft as the
pulley e, which pulley e rests on the driving belt pulley E of the machine. The
shaft of the friction pulley e is adjustably mounted in a revuluble lever E, and
the pulley may be thrown out of operation by elevating the lever E.
The blanks Z pass from station 1 over stations III and IV (where they are
intermittently held down by retainer plates d) to the station V where the main
functions are completed.
The mechanism operating at station V is mainly shown in Figures 9-14 of
Sheet 3, or Figures 26-29 of Sheet 6 of the accompanying drawings. In place
of the table C, which ends at this stopping place, and of the carriage B which
also only travels as far as this stopping place, a vertically movable folding box J
is provided (Figures 10 to 14) which box when at rest has its upper part level
with the table C and on this box the blank Z is held in a proper p-ition by
contact with two vertical elbow pieces W in place of the elbow pieces e previously
mentioned. A hollow core or mandrel L lies over the folding box J, which
mandrel is removably fixed in a support K fixed on the bed-plate A at one side
of the machine. The "folding " box J is fixed on vertical guide bars which
are held in a socket J₁ and connected with an operating lever J3 by means of a
coupling piece J and a link . Said lever J is operated by an eccentric 6 on
the shaft A. An extension of the coupling piece J which is guided at the end
by bars prevents the "folding" box from turning sideways.
The blank Z lies in the position shown in Figure 17, Sheet 5, on the "folding"
box J, directly under the "folding" mandrel, L. On the box J being raised
the blank Z fits into the recess therein in such a way that the blank Z
looked at from above assumes the form shown in Figure 18. The blank Z
is then folded over the upper surface of the mandrel L by the first longitudinal
folder y which is attached to the folder carrier Q. The carrier Q carrying
the folder (see Figures 11 and 12) slides in guides on the support K
and is moved over the mandrel L by means of a lever Q' which is pivotally
connected at k to the support K and connected by means of the coupling
rod q with the carrier Q. The lever Q' receives movement from a lever Q
which is connected with the lever Q' by a link y' and which carries at its other
end a roller bearing on an eccentric 7.
The gummed longitudinal side of the blank Z is now pressed over the already
fulded down side (to which it adheres) in a similar manner to that previously
described, by means of a second longitudinal folder p which is mounted on a
carrier Paud operated from an eccentric 8 by means of link p', elbow lever P
and eccentric rod . In order to firmly press the gummed side, a plate N
(Figure 10) provided with an india-rubber face n is employed, which, by means
of an elbow arm N pivotally mounted in projection of the support K, is
pressed down by means of an eccentric rod N from an eccentric 9 on the
longitudinal side of the folded blank Z. In order that the elbow lever N shall
again return automatically to its normal position in which the plate N is elevated,
a suitable weight n² is provided on the eccentric rod N³.
The blank Z has now the form shown diagrammatically in Figure 20, looking
from above, that is to say, the bottom parts are not yet folded down.
SS, S, S are the bottom folding slides shown on a larger scale in Figures 13
and 14, which slides are mounted firmly on bars s'-s' which are arranged to
slide on the inner side of a support O and serve for folding round thottom
parts of the bag. The movement of the bottom folding slides takes place one

page_text: after the other in the succession I II III IV shown in Figure 14, the
slides S-S successively rubbing on the end of the mandrel L and effecting the
folding down of the bottom parts of the bag Z. Thus two diametrically opposite
bottom folders always rest on the core.
The three sliles St, S and S or rather their guide bars ', ' receive
their movement from a common slide bar O¹ (see Figures 9 and 10) mounted
in a projection o on the support O, which slide bars O receive a reciprocating
motion by means of elbow lever R, link r, and eccentric rod R from an
eccentric II.
This movement is transferred in different ways to the operating levers T, T³, T
of the respective bottom folders which are revolubly mounted on pivots o, 03
and o. The elbow lever T¹ comes first into action, and pushes the bottom
folder S downwards, then folding slide S is moved by means of a special
eccentric 10 through a lever T2 which is pivotally mounted on a support and is
connected by means of a link t with the slide s of the bottom folder S. The
drawing back of the lever T into its normal position is effected by means
of a spring 3. In its normal position the lever 'T rests on the set screw t',
Figure 9.
After bottom folder S2 there comes into action bottom folder S3 by means of a
lever T pivotally moututed on a projection o of the support O, which lever is
operated by an arm fixed on the slide bar O'; and finally the bottom folder S
is operated by lever T, the slide bar O first being moved back to a certain
extent before the slide St comes into action.
The folding round of the bottom parts of the blank Z which now forms a bag Z
is thus effected, and there then takes place the further action of the ejection of
the bag Z from the mandrel L. under the constant pressure of a stamp against
the bottom of the bag, which function may most clearly be seen from Figures 10
and 13 on Sheet 3.
An ejecting rod L. is adjustably mounted in the hollow-mandrel L (Figure 10)
and on one end of this rod is attached a small plate ', which passes into the
conical front opening of the mandrel L and formis one plane with the end face of
the latter. The rod L is connected by means of a connecting link with the
lever L pivotally mounted on a bracket 1, which lever L receives motion from
the ejecting eccentric 14 by means of an eccentric rod L³. A rod M is arranged
in guide supports M in a line with the rod L' in the opposite side, and said
rod M is provided in front with an indiarubber covered plate m. Before the
rod L or its plate commences the ejection of the bag Z' from the mandrel L,
the indiarubber face of the plate in presses against the folded bottom of the
bag Z. The rod M is connected by means of a link with a lever M which
is pivotally mounted on a bracket M and operated by means of an eccentric
rod M³ from an eccentric 12. A brake segment m is fixed onto lever M. A
brake block M3 which is pressed down by means of a spring m having an
adjustable pin m bears on said brake segment. The pin m of the brake block M
is adjustably mounted in one end of a lever M, the other end of which carries a
roller engaged by a brake eccentric 13. The lever M is pivotally mounted on a
standard M which is attached to the bracket M. The laiter is supported from
below by means of a support So long then as the ejection of the bag irom
the mandrel takes place, the indiarubber face of the plate t rest as already
mentioned against the bottom of the bag Z' and the eccentric 13 is operated in
such a way that it presses the brake block M³ strongly against the brake
segment m. The pressing back of the rod M by means of the rod L forins
therefore a spring resistance and the consequence of this is that the bottom of the
bag situated between M and L' is powerfully compressed during the ejection
of the bag from the mandrel so that the gum in the bottom parts adheres so
firmly that any automatic separation of the gummed bottom is avoided and a
thoroughly smooth bottom is obtained. The rods L' and M, together with the
bag Z having reached the end of the ejecting movement, the rod M, together

page_text: with the plate in remains temporarily stationary, whilst the ejecting rod L' moves
so far back again that its conical plate / rests in the corresponding recess in the
hollow mandrel L.
In order that on the return of the ejecting bar L' the bag shall not return with
the same, the device shown in Figures 9, 12 and 25 is employed. This consists of
a plate Us on which two elbow pieces U are adjustably mounted. On one of these
elbow pieces U (as shown in Figures 25 and 12) there is attached in addition a
retaining arm u. The plate U together with the elbow pieces U and arm u is
operated from the eccentric 15 (see Figure 9) by means of an arm u' mounted on
the lever U in such a way that the plate U together with the elbow piece U and
the retaining arm u is before the returning movement of the ejecting bar L, pushed
so far against the bag Z' that the arm w rests in front of the end of the bag and
prevents its return movement. Before, however, the plate of the rod L' reaches
the edge of the bag, the plate U together with the arm w returns so far back that
the plate can pass by. A second and more powerful pushing of the plate U
against the bag Z' which lies loosely on the block V then takes place, the elbow
piece U throwing the finished bag Z' over the sloping shaped block V from whence
it slides into a collecting receptacle. The lever U₁ is retained in a suitable position
by means of a spring a and by means of this spring its roller u' is pressed against
the eccentric 15 and operated by the latter.
On each reciprocating movement of the carriage B, a fresh sheet is always laid
on the first station and a finished bag with a bottom completed is ejected. The
eccentries 1-10 are naturally su arrauged that the actions of the various devices,
more particularly those of station V follow in succession at the right time.
Sheet 5 of the drawings, Figures 17-25 shows the gradual formation of the
paper blank Z into a bag with a bottom. Figure 17 shows the blank Z lying under
the mandrel L. In Figure 18, the folding box J has pressed the sheet over the
mandrel L. In Figure 19 the first side folders g have completed one longitudinal
fold, and, in Figure 20, the second side folders p have completed the second
longitudinal fold." Figures 21-24 show the formation of the bottom after the
bottom folders S S have successively operated. Figure 25 shows the removal of
the finished bag from the mandrel and the ejection of the same.
According to the sectional form of the mandrel L (which may be of a round,
oval, rectangular, polygonal or other form as desired), the forms of the longitudinal
folders y and p must be arranged. A modification of the bottom folders must
be made corresponding to the sizes of the bag by changing the respective
folders S-S
is
A device for folding broad bags is shown in Sheet 6 of the drawings. Attention
in this case is directed to the fact that the blank which is pushed over the folding
box J on passing the recess i of the folding box would descend in front and
encounter with its front edge one side of the recess i and would bend or could not
be brought into the correct position. In order to avoid this, a bridge piece
arranged in the recess i of the folding box J lying at the top and level with the
upper surface of the folding box. This bridge piece is vertically adjustable, which
adjustment may be effected by it being mounted on a bar which slides in a socket.
on the folding box J. A spring which is fixed at one end to the socket ' of the
folding box and at the other end to the lower stop ring on the guide bar holds
the bridge always in the above mentioned position, whilst an upper stop ring
bears against the socket .. If the folding box J be pushed against the mandrel L,
the bridge X yields with a spring action and lies then in a suitable depression in
the recess i of the folding box. On the descent of the folding box, the bridge X
presses the sheet of paper Z from below against the mandrel L until the bridge
again lies level with the upper surface of the folding box.
The folding of the bottom parts in the case of wider bags is also performed in
another manner to that herein before described. The succession in which the
bottom folders S-S' come into action is also different. In this case the horizontal
folders S and S first come into action, and then the upper folders S', and finally

page_text: the lower folders S. The corresponding succession in the action of the folders is
indicated by I-IV in Figure 28.
The device for operating the bottom folders is of course suitably modified. The
bottom folders S3 and S are again operated from a common slide O₁ by means of
levers T and T and the lower slide S is also set in action as before by the
lever T2. On the other hand, the operation of the bottom folder S' which is here
the third bottom folder which comes into play is effected in a different manner to
that previously described by means of an elbow lever T (Figure 26) which is
operated by means of a slide bar t. This slide bar is bevelled at the top, and
one arm o of the lever T is drawn by means of the spring t against the bar in
such a way that the roller always rests on the edge of the bar t. The latter is
arranged so as to slide in a socket or bearing of of the support and is operated
from the extended lever T by means of a link to. On the raising of the slide bar to,
the lever T is turned, the roller being forced outwards by the upper inclined
edge of the bar.
As soon as the roller has passed the conical part of the bar to,
a further rotation of the lever T' can no longer take place even if the slide bar t
be moved further. The return movement of the lever T' takes place by means of
the spring after the bar has been lowered.
According to whether a special form of paper bag Z' is to be made, or according
to the succession of separate bottom folders S-S which come into action, it is
necessary to employ a suitably modified device for operating the latter.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A machine for making suitably shaped packages (more particularly bags
with bottoms) of paper or other suitable material, characterized by a carriage (B)
having a reciprocating movement on which the paper blanks (Z) previously cut
out to suitable shape are placed and conveyed from one station or halting place to
the next by means of conveying fingers or catches (b) on such carriage; elbow
levers (C) arranged at each station and provided with stops (e) which retain the
paper blanks (Z) in the proper position; and retainer plates (d) which during the
return of the carriage (B) retain the paper blanks on a table (C) lying stationary
within the carriage; said stops (c) passing under the table (C) on the forward
movement of the carriage, so that no hindrance is caused to the forward movement
of the paper blanks, substantially as described.
2. In a machine of the kind described, the device at station II (the pasting or
gumming station) for setting in constant rotation the gumming or pasting roller (e)
comprising a coupling piece (e) belt pulleys (e to e) shafts (E') adjustable
lever (E) and a friction pulley (e) bearing on the driving belt pulley (E3) in such
a way that fresh paste or gun is always evenly distributed and conveyed to the
gumming stamps (H H II) which rub on the pasting roller (e) substantially as
herein before described and illustrated.
3. In a machine of the kind described, the arrangement at halting place V to
enable bags (with bottoms) to be made of any suitable shape of a suitably shaped
hollow mandrel (L) adapted to be readily removed, and a vertically adjustable
"folding box (J) also interchangeable which is held in a suitable position by two
angular guide pieces (w), the flat paper blank lying loosely over said box being
folded over the Diandrel, first on the lower longitudinal sides on the rising of the
folding box (J) and then folded at the top over the mandrel (L) by means of two
side folders (p) and the longitudinal sides being pressed one on another by means
of a plate (N), bottom folders (S', S2, S3, S',) then acting in suitable succession to
fold the bottom over the end face of the mandrel (L) in such a way that the
finished folded bag (Z¹) lies over the mandrel (L) enclosing the same on five sides,
substantially as described.
4. In a machine of the kind described, the arrangement in a
such as described of a bridge (X) lying in the recess (i) of the box and mounted
folding box (J)

page_text: in such a way as to be vertically adjustable by means of a rod (x) sliding in a
socket (r) on the folding box (J) and which is held by means of a spring (r) in
such a position that its top lies level with the surface of the folding box (J), but
yields with a spring action on the rising of the latter and rests in a suitable
depression in the recess (i) of said box and on the descent of the latter auto-
matically resumes its position immediately, whereby in the case of wider bags the
paper blank is assisted over the recess in the box substantially as described.
5. In a machine of the kind described, a bottom-compressing and bag-ejecting
device comprising a stamp bar (M) provided with a stamp (m) faced with elastic
material, a lever (M²) operated from an eccentric (12) so as to press said stamp (m)
against the bottom of the bag, whilst the latter is still on the mandrel and an
ejecting rod (L'), which is mounted in the interior of the mandrel (L) and is
operated by a lever (L2), which ejecting rod (L') presses on the inner side of the
bag bottom by means of a plate (1) situated at its end, and presses the bottom
against the aforesaid stamp (m), the latter together with its stamp bar (M) being
pushed so far back that the ejecting position is attained against a constant
adjustable resistance of said stamp bar which is produced by a brake block (M³)
pressing on a brake segment (m²) connected to the operating lever of the stamp
bar substantially as described.
6. In a machine of the kind described, an arrangement for releasing the bag from
the ejector consisting of two adjustable elbow pieces (U) fixed on an adjustable
plate (U2) on one of which elbow pieces an adjustable finger (u) is mounted, the
said plate (U) being so moved by means of an eccentric (15) a lever (U) and a
connecting rod (u') that as soon as the ejecting bar (L') has arrived at its change
of stroke, the said plate (U') is moved so far against the ejector that the angular
finger (u) lies in front of the edge of bag (Z') and prevents the latter returning
with the ejector bar (L), whilst the said plate (U) and finger (u) retire, before
the small plate (!) of the ejecting bar (L') has reached the open edge of the bag,
the said plate (U) after the passing of the bar (L') being again pushed further
forward, thus throwing the finished bag (Z) over a bevelled block (V) by means
of the two elbow pieces (U), the finished bag falling into a suitable receptacle
substantially as described.
7. The construction and combination of parts taken as a whole, forming the
improved bag making machine substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated.
Dated this 28th day of January 1896
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.