IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF OILS FOR THE PURPOSES
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Vaughan Morgan, of Jewin Crescent,
in the City of London, Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF OILS FOR THE PURPOSES OF ILLUMINATION
in the City of London, Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF OILS FOR THE PURPOSES OF ILLUMINATION
AND LUBRICATING MACHINERY."
Sealed the 5th March 1853, and dated the 6th October 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Vaughan
Morgan at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 6th October 1852.
I, WILLIAM VAUGHAN MORGAN, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF OILS FOR
THE PURPOSES OF ILLUMINATION AND LUBRICATING MACHINERY" to be as
follows:-
In consequence of the quantity of mucilage contained in common oils,
it has hitherto been found impossible to burn them in ordinary lamps, or
use them for lubricating purposes, until purified by expensive processes.
The object of the present Invention is, by the application to common oils
of a certain preparation or mixture, to render these oils suitable for the
above purposes. The preparation which it is proposed to employ con-

page_text: sist of camphine or pure spirits of turpentine, combined with benzole,
carbonate of potash, and glycerine or soap-makers waste, to which may
be added a small quantity of gum benzoin, and refined camphor.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Vaughan Morgan in the Great Seal
Patent Office, on the 6th April 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I.
WILLIAM VAUGHAN MORGAN, of Jewin Crescent, in the City of London,
Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by
Her Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the sixteenth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said William Vaughan Morgan, Her special license
that I, the said William Vaughan Morgan, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Vaughan
Morgan, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF OILS FOR THE PURPOSES or
ILLUMINATION AND LUBRICATING MACHINERY," being a communication
from a foreigner residing abroad, upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said William Vaughan Morgan, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Vaughan Morgan, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner

page_text: the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement (that is to say):
This Invention, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent,
consists in the treatment of whale oil and the other common cheap oils
of this class, to render the same fit for burning and for lubricating
machinery.
It is well known that the common whale oil contains so much muci-
lage, that when applied to the bearings of machinery it will adhere to
and harden upon the metal, and that if employed in lamps for the pur-
pose of illumination, it will soon clog them up and render constant
cleaning absolutely necessary. It has, however, been ascertained by a
series of experiments, that if a certain quantity of whale or other cheap
oil is diluted with a certain quantity of camphine or pure spirits of tur-
pentine, and a still smaller quantity of benzole (the latter having the
additional property of neutralizing the disagreeable odor of the spirits of
turpentine), the mucilage and gummy property of the oil is removed,
thus rendering such oils applicable, so far as the clogging nature of the
oils is concerned, to the uses above indicated.
In obtaining this valuable result a limpid mixture is produced, which
lacks the body required in a lubricating material, as it will readily run
away from the friction surface. To remove this difficulty the, Inventor
adds a small quantity of glycerine or soap-makers waste, mingled with
a little carbonate of potash, to the limpid mixture, which, combining
freely therewith, will give it the required consistence.
He has also found that gum benzoin, and camphor, will give ad-
ditional body to the compound.

page_text: Having thus set forth the nature of the Invention of Improvements
in the preparation of oils for the purposes of illumination and lubri-
cating machinery, I will state I am aware that spirits of turpentine and
carbonate of potash have been used before the date of the above in part
recited Letters Patent, in the treatment of oils. I do not, therefore,
claim these ingredients, except as specific agents to accomplish a defi-
nite and specific purpose, as stated in the Specification. What I claim
as the Invention secured to me by Letters Patent is, the application of
camphine and benzole, and of carbonate of potash and glycerine, to
whale or other cheap oil having similar properties, in the manner and
for the purposes above set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Vaughan Morgan, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fourth day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
WILLIAM VAUGHAN MORGAN. (L.S.)
Witness,
J. W. MOFFatt,
66, Chancery Lane.