Improvements in and connected with Oil Purifiers.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Dec., 1894-Accepted, 12th Jan., 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Oil Purifiers.
We, DAVID HARRISON MCCLELLAND, Manufacturer, and RICHARD DAVIS
JACKSON, Revenue Attorney, both of 65 Beaver Street, in the City, County and
State of New York, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our invention relates to that class of oil purifiers in which the oil mixed with its
sediment, grit, dirt or other impurity is passed through water, heated or otherwise,
or through any suitable solution, and caused to deposit in the liquid through which
it is passed its impurity. By this process, and an apparatus suitable for carrying it
into effect, all impurities which are heavier than the water or solution are readily
separated, provided the oil is not too quickly passed through it, and provided the
liquid contents of the apparatus are not so agitated as to cause the impurities
thrown down to be stirred up and again mixed with the oil.
It is the object of our improvements, in such an apparatus, first to retard the
impure oil in its passage through the purifying liquid; second, to obstruct the
passage of any impurities which may be lighter than the purifying water or
solution; and finally to promote the efficiency of the process and improve the
quality of the purified oil.
With such objects in view our invention consists in an oil purifier of the class
described provided with an inverted bell or equivalent means for holding the
impure oil beneath the surface of and in contact with the body of the purifying
liquid, and an obstructing screen arranged at or above the point or points where
the oil finds its exit from the bell and adapted both to retard the passage of the
oil and aid the latter in freeing itself from the heavier sediment, and to obstruct
the passage with the oil of any impurity which is lighter than the water or solution.
By our improvements also we are enabled to combine with the purifier a washing
or clearing-out device, such as a water or steam jet nozzle or nozzles, and to operate
the same without entirely emptying the machine and notwithstanding the presence
of a body of purified oil above the purifying liquid or solution, the said screen
serving to prevent the incoming jets of water or steam and the consequent agitation
of the liquid in the base of the machine from causing the oil and sediment to
become again mingled.
Such being the general nature of our invention, in order to make the same more
clearly understood we have shown in the accompanying drawings means for carrying
the same into practical effect, without limiting our improvements in their useful
applications to the particular construction, which, for the sake of illustration, we
have delineated. In said drawings:-
Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view of an oil purifier embodying our invention.
Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on line II-II, of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view showing a different arrangement of the impurity
obstructing means.
Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view of the upper portion of the bell and contiguous
parts of the oil delivery pipe and extension.
Referring to the drawings: 1 indicates the body or main reservoir of the purifier,
in the lower portion of which a purifying medium, such as water, or any suitable
3 is .a. bell
purifying agent dissolved in water, is placed as indicated at 2.
submerged in said liquid and communicating at its upper end by a pipe 4 with a
reservoir 5 for the impure oil. This reservoir fits neatly in and is supported by
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page_text: 21 is a cock through which the purified oil may be drawn off.
22 indicates legs or suitable supports for the reservoir to permit of the use of the
pipe 9 and the convenient manipulation of the valve 10. Where it is inconvenient
to use the pipe 9 as a connection with a sewer or equivalent place of deposit
exterior to the building in which the apparatus is used, such pipe may terminate
above the floor and a suitable receptacle may be placed under it to receive the
sediment when the purifier is to be cleaned out.
The apparatus is preferably supplied with the usual gages, as indicated, for
showing the heights of the oil and of the purifying liquid.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manuer the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. In an oil purifier the combination of a reservoir for a purifying liquid, a bell
or oil receptacle therein having an opening or openings through which the oil
may pass into said liquid at a point below the surface of the latter, a pipe for
supplying oil to said receptacle, a screen situated in said reservoir in the path of the
oil, and means above the screen for drawing off the purified oil, substantially as set
forth.
2. In an oil purifier the combination in a reservoir, of a bell open at its under
side and situated in the lower portion of said reservoir, and a transverse obstructing
screen situated above the point or points of exit from the bell, means for supplying
the oil to be purified to said bell, and means above the screen for drawing off the
oil, substantially as set forth.
3. In an oil purifier the combination in a suitable reservoir, of a bell adapted
to be submerged beneath the purifying liquid, a transverse obstructing screen
situated at or above the point or points of exit from said bell, means for washing
off the under side of said screen, and a pipe for supplying oil to the bell, substantially
as set forth.
4. In an oil purifier the combination of a reservoir adapted to contain a purifying
liquid, a bell open at its under side situated in said reservoir and having suitable
oil-supply devices, a transverse obstructing screen connecting said bell with the
walls of the reservoir and means above the screen for drawing off the oil, substantially
as set forth.
5. The combination with the reservoir, of the bell open at its under side, the
screen 12 above the lower edge of said bell, the jet nozzles below the screen, and
means for supplying the latter with a vapor or liquid, substantially as set forth.
6. The combination with the reservoir, of the bell open at its under side, the
supply pipe thereon, and the extension of the latter having the perforations 20
within the bell, for the purposes set forth.
Dated this 20th day of November 1801.
D. H. MCCLELLAND,
R. D. JACKSON,
Per W. H. Beck,
115, Cannon Street, London, Agent.

page_text: the upper end of the chamber, and may be removed therefrom carrying with it the
pipe 4 and bell 3, which latter is supported by the pipe.
The dirty or impure oil to be treated is placed in the reservoir 5, and gradually
finds its way into and down the pipe 4. The impure oil is often in the form of a
thick mud being charged with a great amount of sediment, and in order to arrest
some of the solid constituents of the mixture in the reservoir 5, the latter may be
provided with a perforated or reticulated strainer 6 placed above the mouth of the
pipe 4.
It is desirable to deliver the oil passing down the latter pipe at as great a depth
as possible below the surface of the purifying liquid, and said pipe is accordingly
furnished with an extension 7 within the bell 3 and extending to or near the lower
edge thereof. From the lower end of this extension the impure oil issues as
indicated by the arrows and, when the apparatus is first put into operation, rises
into the bell 3 through the purifying liquid therein, gradually displacing said liquid
and filling the bell. The impure oil thus held in the bell throws down all foreign
matter or sediment which is heavier than the purifying liquid, this operation taking
place by gravity and the sediment collecting in the conical bottom 8 of the purifier.
From the apex of the said bottom a waste pipe 9 controlled by a valve 10 leads
away, as indicated in Figure 1, to a sewer or other suitable place of delivery for
refuse. As the oil continues to be delivered into the bell 3 it displaces oil which
has been standing therein and which has become free from all or a portion of its
impurities, and such displaced oil passes under the bottom edge of the bell and
rises through the purifying liquid 2 to the surface of the latter where it collects
in a body of purified and clear oil indicated at 11.
As the oil thus rises through and to the surface of the purifying liquid it throws
down any remaining sediment or impurity which may remain in it when it leaves
the bell, provided such impurity is heavier than the purifying liquid.
12 is a very finely perforated or reticulated screen or sieve situated transversely
in the reservoir 1 and preferably below the surface of the purifying liquid. This
screen serves to obstruct the upward passage into the body 11 of purified oil of any
particles which will not separate from the oil by gravity and which may have been
carried thus far with the oil.
The screen 12 may be arranged at or near the upper end of the bell 3, as
indicated in Figure 1 and Figure 2, or it may be situated at the lower end of the
bell as shown in Figure 3.
In the latter construction we provide for more perfectly cleansing the underside
of the screen when the purifier is cleaned out and the accumulated sediment together
with all or a portion of the purifying liquid is permitted to escape through the
pipe 9, by means of jet nozzles 13 (Figure 3) connected with a circular pipe 14
to which steam or hot water may be conducted from a pipe 15 controlled by a
valve 16. The streams of water or steam from the nozzles 13 impinging upon the
under side of the screen 12 completely wash off its under surface and clear its
meshes or perforations.
For washing out the accumulated sediment in the base of the reservoir the
pipe 14 is provided with downwardly directed nozzles 17, the jets from which serve
to stir up the sediment and to cause it to be washed down the waste pipe 9 with
the escaping liquid.
18 is a heating coil within the bell adapted to raise the temperature of the
oil therein and to promote the dejection of its sediment, which coil may be fed
from the pipe 15 under control of the valve 19.
In order to provide for the ready escape of all air or confined gas from the bell 3,
without the use of any expensive, inconvenient and obstructing pipes we provide
the extension 7, at a point immediately below the top of the bell 3, with an
orifice 20 (Figure 4) through which any such air or gas may readily pass into
the pipe 4 and thence escape through the top of the apparatus. The whole interior
of the bell 3 is by this means enabled to be filled by the oil to be purified and the
latter cannot be displaced by any accumulation of air, gas or steam..
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