AN IMPROVED METHOD OR IMPROVED METHODS OF MANUFACTURING PAPIER MACHE ARTICLES, ALSO A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF ORNAMENTING PAPIER MACHÉ ARTICLES, WHICH SAID METHOD OF ORNAMENTING PAPIER MACHE ARTICLES IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR ORNAMENTING PURPOSES GENERALLY
Year: 1847

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THEODORE
HYLA JENNENS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-fourth
day of April, One thousand eight hundred and forty-seven, in the tenth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Theodore Hyla Jennens, my exors, adñors, and assigns, Her
especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said
Theodore Hyla Jennens, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Theodore Hyla Jennens, my exors, adñors, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OR IMPROVED
METHODS OF MANUFACTURING PAPIER MACHE ARTICLES, ALSO A NEW OR IMPROVED
METHOD OF ORNAMENTING PAPIER MACHÉ ARTICLES, WHICH SAID METHOD OF
ORNAMENTING PAPIER MACHE ARTICLES IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR ORNAMENTING
PURPOSES GENERALLY;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso
that I, the said Theodore Hyla Jennens, should cause a particular description
of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to bo
performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and scal, to be inrolled
in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months

page_text: next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto bad, will more fully
and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Theodore Hyla Jeunens, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are ascer-
tained in and by the following description thereof, reference being had unto
the Drawing hereunto annexed, that is to say :-
My Invention consists of, firstly, a new or improved method of manufac-
turing papier mâché "blanks;" and, secondly, a method of ornamenting
papier mâché and other articles.
The first part of my Invention, that is to say, my new or improved method
of manufacturing papier mâché "blanks," consists of a method of treating or
preparing the "panel" from which "blanks" are made, and also of an improve-
ment in constructing the moulds or dies in which the said "panel" is formed
into "blanks." My method of treating or preparing "panel" consists in the
application of steam to the said panel, so as to render the same soft and
pliable, in which said soft and pliable state the said "panel" may either be
pressed flat, so as to make a stronger and more compact "panel," or moulded
into any required form. The use of steam for softening "panel" is appli-
cable to "panel" made either by pasting several sheets of paper together
or from pulp, and to "panel" made from unsized as well as from sized paper
and pulp. In carrying this part of my Invention into effect the "panel" may
be placed in a chamber or vessel of any convenient form and size, and steam
from a boiler admitted until by examination the desired effect is found to have
been produced.
My improvement in the construction of moulds for making "blanks" consist
in making the said moulds of such a form that when separated from each
other to a distance equal to the thickness of the "blank" to be produced, the
distance between all those parts of the said moulds which are opposed to each
other shall be the same; the "blank" produced by such moulds or dies will
consequently be equally thick in every part.
Figure 1 represents a mould constructed according to my improved method;
Figure 6 represents a mould of the construction commonly employed for
making "blanks" from pulp. The said moulds are so constructed that when
the upper or convex one is placed within the lower or concave one, the surfaces
of the two are in contact, When the upper mould is raised more or less
out of the lower one the horizontal surfaces of the said moulds are separated
to a distance exactly equal to the height to which the upper mould is raised;

page_text: but should any portions of the said moulds be situated in a vertical plane,
the raising of the upper moulds will not occasion a separation of the said
vertical surfaces, and any surfaces of the said moulds which are situated in a
plane intermediate between vertical and horizontal planes will be separated
by the elevation of the upper mould to a distance which will be less in
proportion as the plane approaches the vertical. The "blanks" produced in
moulds of the kind last described will consequently be of different thicknesses
different parts. By using my improved moulds the paper of which the "panel"
is made is not torn or cut, but bent or moulded into the desired form, whereas,
when the moulds now used for forming "blanks" from pulp are used for
making blanks from paper the said paper is torn or cut, and the "dressing"
which must be resorted to in such cases (as well as the dressing of blanks
made by pasting sheets of paper on moulds) exposes the edges of the sheets of
paper, and not only produces a surface inferior to that of the original surface
of the paper, but increases the risk of the separation of the said sheets.
The second part of my Invention, that is to say, my method of ornamenting
papier mâché and other articles, consists in the application of glass, gems,
jewels, real or fictitious pearls, glass, cut and "quicked" or otherwise, paste,
enamel, coloured or marbled, wax, ivory, tortoiseshell, steel and other beads,
and the glass beads commonly called pearl beads, in the following manner :-
In applying the said glass, gems, &c. to ornamenting papier mâché and other
articles I sometimes apply the said glass, gems, &c. to the papier mâché and
other articles in the manner herein-after particularly described, and I some-
times apply the said glass, gems, &c. to plates of glass, tale, or other suitable
transparent substances, and afterwards insert the said plates of glass or tale as
panels or tablets in the papier mâché or other articles. In applying glass,
gems, &c. to the ornamenting of papier mâché and other articles by inserting
the said glass, gems, &c. in the papier mâché itself, I sometimes insert the said
glass, gems, &c., before the papier mâché article is varnished, in suitably
formed cavities made in the papier mâché, and varnish over the said papier
mâché article and the inserted glass, gems, &c., and afterwards remove the
varnish from the surface of the glass, gems, &c. during the finishing of the
surface of the article; and I sometimes insert the said glass, gems, &c. in the
papier mâché articles after the same have been finished, save in respect of the
application of the said glass, gems, &c. In this last case the glass, gems, &c.
are secured in properly shaped cavities by any convenient varnish or cement.
The pieces of glass, gems, &c. with which I ornament papier mâché and other
articles are usually of such forms that their exposed surfaces are flat, and are
flush or on a level with the surface of the article in which they are inserted,

page_text: while the backs of the said pieces of glass, gems, &c. are cut or fashioned into
a number of reflecting planes, as represented in Figure 8. When I use pieces
of glass, gems, &c., the upper surfaces of which are of a convex or other than
a plain form, I cover the same by a plate of glass, tale, or other transparent
substance, the surface of which plate of glass or talc is flush or on a level with
the surface of the article, as represented in Figure 9. I sometimes also apply
the glass, gems, &c. in the manner represented in Figure 10; that is to say,
I cement or attach the plane surface of the same to the papier mâché or
other articles, in which case the said glass, gems, &c. are in relief or project
above the surface of the said papier mâché or other articles, as seen in the
said Figure 10. I sometimes apply foil to the back of the glass, gems, &c.
inserted in papier mâché or other articles in the manner herein-before
described with reference to Figure 8, the said foil giving brilliancy by its
power of reflection. When, instead of applying the said glass, gems, &c. to
the papier mâché or other articles, I apply the said glass, gems, &c. to plates
of glass, talc, or other suitable transparent substance, and afterwards apply
the said plates of glass or talc as panels or tablets in papier mâché or other
articles, I proceed as follows:-I first ornament the under side of the said
plates or slabs by painting, enamelling, gilding, or otherwise, leaving blank or
partially blank spaces where it is intended to apply the said glass, gems, &c.,
and afterwards attach in any convenient manner the said glass, gems, &c. to
those parts of the plate of glass, talc, or other transparent substance which
have been left wholly or partially blank for the purpose of applying such
glass, gems, &c. Instead of ornamenting the back of the plate of glass,
talc, &c. before attaching the glass, gems, &c. thereto, I sometimes first apply
the said glass, gems, &c., and afterwards paint, enamel, gild, or otherwise
ornament the said plate of glass or talc. See Figure 11.
My method of ornamenting by the use of glass, gems, &c. in the manner
berein-before described is applicable as a method of ornamenting generally.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I claim as
my Invention,--
Firstly, the use of steam for softening "panel," and the compression of the
said softened "panel" so as to make a more compact "panel," and the use of
the said softened "panel" in the manufacture of papier mâché articles.
Secondly, the method herein-before described, and represented in the
accompanying Drawing, of constructing moulds to be used in the manufacture
of papier mâché articles; that is to say, moulds so formed that the "blanks"
formed therein shall have the same thickness in every part.

page_text: Thirdly, the method of ornamenting papier mâché articles herein-before
described, and represented in the accompanying Drawing, and the appli-
cation of the same for ornamental purposes generally.
In witness whereof, I, the said Theodore Hyla Jennens, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of October, One
thousand eight hundred and forty-seven.
THEODORE HYLA (L.s.) JENNENS.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-second day of October,
in the year of our Lord 1847, the aforesaid Theodore Hyla Jennens came
before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and speci-
fied, in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-third day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-seven.