Tenno CHRIS DADEY ADDICATED TO WONING
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Williams, of 14, Red Lion Street, Clerken-
well, in the County of Middlesex, and Aberdaron, in the County of
Caernarvon, Smith and Engineer, and Henry Cox, of 22, Lower Street,
Islington, in the County of Middlesex, Gas Engineer, for the Invention
of if Tenno CHRIS DADEY ADDICATED TO WONING MIN
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Williams and
Henry Cox, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 14th June 1862.
We, THOMAS WILLIAMS, of 14, Red Lion Street, Clerkenwell, in the County
of Middlesex, and of Aberdaron, in the County of Caernarvon, Smith and
Engineer, and HENRY Cox, of 22, Lower Street, Islington, in the County of
Middlesex, Gas Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO WASHING MACHINES," to
be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the first place of an improved construction of
the case or body of the churn by providing the lower part with a chamber or
chambers distinct from the interior of the churn, the said chamber or cham-
bers having an opening or openings communicating therewith, so as to admit
of cold or hot water or liquid being poured therein as may be desired, and an
orifice (with plug for stopping the same) is used for drawing off this water or
liquid. In order to withdraw the milk we have an orifice as at present some-

page_text: times used in churns, at or near the bottom, the same being stopped by a
plug when not used for drawing off. The butter being taken out from the
top. In the interior of the churn we use beaters adapted thereto, which we
prefer to set slantwise, so as to churn with greater effect. These beaters are
framed together, and we prefer to secure the same to the case by pivots, one
of these pivots passing through a stuffing box, the same being an axle pivot,
and having attached thereto the arrangements for working the beaters hereafter
described. These beaters being properly constructed and secured to the case
we are enabled to take them out without moving the pivots or axle.
In the second place we work the churn by the improved arrangements of
mechanism above referred to, specially adapted thereto, which are also appli-
cable to washing machines. To the axle an arm is attached with a counter-
balance weight at its end, and to this axle we also attach a crank handle, to
which we likewise attach a lever, secured at its other extremity to a bent
lever, which is centred on a pin or axle secured to the outside of the case; and
for convenience of working either at the right or left hand, we prefer to
have two of these pins or axles secured to the case at opposite points thereof,
so that we can change the position of the bent lever as required, this bent lever
having at its free end a proper handle, which is merely moved up and down
(and not turned) in order to work the machine, although the crank handle
aforesaid may be worked by an operator or operators at the same time, or
independently, and will always turn with the action of the lever as the axle
and beaters rotate, though the bent lever only moves up and down. The
counterbalance aforesaid is regulated in relative position, so as to assist the
throw, and we prefer to have an annulus or rim of a wheel attached thereto.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Williams and Henry Cox, in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 13th December 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we,
THOMAS
WILLIAMS, of 14, Red Lion Street, Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex, 3
and of Aberdaron, in the County of Caernarvon, Smith and Engineer, and
HENRY Cox, of 22, Lower Street, Islington, in the County of Middlesex, Gas
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her.

page_text: reign, did, for Herself, IIer heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Thomas Williams and Henry Cox, Her special licence, that we,
the said Thomas Williams and Henry Cox, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Thomas Williams and Henry Cox,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with',
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and 'vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CHURNS, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO WASHING MACHINES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Thomas Williams and Henry Cox, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said. Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas Williams and Henry Cox,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
This Invention consists in the first place of an improved construction of the
case or body of the churn by providing the lower part with a chamber or
chambers distinct from the interior of the churn, said chamber or chambers
Laving an opening or openings communicating. therewith, so as to admit of
cold or hot water or liquid being poured therein as may be desired, and an
orifice (with plug for stopping the same) is used for drawing off this water or
liquid. In order to withdraw the milk we have an orifice as at present some-
times used in churns, at or near the bottom, the same being stopped by a
plug when not used for drawing off. The butter being taken out from the
top. In the interior of the churn we use beaters adapted thereto, which we'
prefer to set slantwise, so as to churn with greater effect. These beaters are
framed together, and we prefer to secure the same to the case by pivots, one
of these pivots passing through a stuffing box, the same being an axle pivot;
and having attached thereto the arrangements for working the beaters here-
after described. These beaters being properly constructed and secured to
the case we are enabled to take them out without moving the pivots or axle.
. "In the second place we work our churns by the improved arrangements of
mechanism above referred to, which are also applicable to washing machines.

page_text: To the axle an arm is attached, with a counterbalance weight at its end, and
to this axle we also attach a crank handle, to which we likewise attach a lever
or connecting rod, secured at its other extremity to a bent lever, which is
centred on a pin or axle secured to the outside of the case, and for convenience
of working, either at the right or left hand. We prefer to have two of these
pins or axles secured to the case at opposite points thereof, so that we can
change the position of the bent lever as required, this bent lever having at its
free end a proper handle, which is merely moved up and down (and not
turned) in order to work the machine, although the crank handle aforesaid
may be worked by an operator or operators at the same time, or independently,
and will always turn with the action of the lever as the axle and beaters
rotate, though the bent lever only moves up and down. The counterbalance
aforesaid is regulated in relative position so as to assist the throw, and we
prefer to have an annulus or rim of a wheel attached thereto. The arrange-
ments for working the churn, first described, can be used with advantage for
other arrangements of the body and beater of the churn than those first
mentioned, and would be specially useful for working churns of the description
herein-after described, in which the body of the churn is made to rotate in a
contrary direction to the beater.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and incidentally
stated the manner of performing the same, we now, in compliance with the
aforesaid condition in the said Letters Patent contained, proceed to fully
exemplify in what manner the same is to be performed, which we shall do by
reference to the Drawings accompanying these Presents, in manner following,
that is to say :-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Sheet 1. Fig. 1 represents a front view of a churn constructed according
to the arrangements herein first mentioned; Fig. 2, an end view of the same;
Fig. 3, same view as Fig. 1, taken in section; Fig. 4, top plan, with lid of
churn removed; Fig. 5, a separate view of the arrangement for keeping the
pivot axles of the beater in proper position in the churn; Fig. 6, an edge view of
the same; Fig. 7, a view of the beater; Fig. 8, an edge view of the axle pivot;
Fig. 9, front view of the same, shewing the means by which the beater is se-
cured in the slantwise position aforesaid. In the said Figs. A denotes the
framework supporting the body of the churn (B). In Fig. 3, C denotes the
chambers for hot or cold liquid, before referred to, c denoting the openings
communicating therewith for the admission of the said hot or cold liquid;
* plugs for stopping the orifices for drawing off the said hot or cold liquid, as

page_text: may be desired. D is the plug for closing the orifice in the body of the churn,
which may be at the bottom of the churn, as shewn in Fig. 3, or in the front, as
shewn by the dotted circle at Fig. 1. E denotes the beater, which it will be
seen by reference. to Fig. 4 is set or placed slantwise as aforesaid. The cross
piece e of this beater can be removed if less agitation is desired by taking out
a small pin ex at the end thereof. At one side of the beater is a pivot F, and
at the other side, a plate G with a rectangular slot. The pivot F fits into a
socket or bearing in a bearing plate f secured to the interior of the side of the
churn opposite to the handle, and the plate. G fits on to a corresponding pro-
jection g.on the end of the axle pivot (Figs. 8 and 9). This axle pivot
passing through a stuffing box fitted in the front of the churn, and having at
its outer end the counterbalance H. At the back of the bearing plate f.a
slide is dropped to keep the beater up to its position. The removal of this
slide will enable the pivot F to go back, thus releasing the plate G from the
rectangular projection, when the beater can be taken out. The upper end of
this counterbalance has a crank plate I which is provided with sockets J,.J,
to one of which the connecting rod K and the crank handle k is bolted, the
lower end of this connecting rod being secured to the bent lever L in such
one of the sockets m, m, m, as may be desired. The lower end of this bent
lever is centred to one of the pins or axles M, M, secured to the framework
of the churn. If it be desired to work the lever on the left hand the whole
arrangement can be altered by shifting. the lever and connecting rod to the
other pin. or axle M and socket J respectively. The annulus or rim of a
wheel is marked h. The above described mechanism of bent lever, connecting
rod, and crank we use for working washing machines.
Sheet. 2. Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a churn of different construction
to be worked by the same apparatus as herein-before described and shewn in
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, the arm with counterbalance attached being fixed to the end
of spindle G.; Fig. 2 is a top plan of the same; Fig. 3 a vertical section;
Fig. 4, a view of the beater; Fig. 5, a top plan of the same. .In Fig. 1A is
the body of the churn, attached to the centre of the bottom of which is a
shaft C having a bevilled cog wheel D fixed to it; E is a hollow cylinder or:
shaft to which the beater is attached, and which works over the shaft C. This
cylinder has also a bevilled cog wheel F attached to it. G is a spindle, with
. a third bevilled cog. wheel. H working in the other two. It will be at once
seen that when the spindle G is turned by the means before stated the churn:
itself A will revolve one way and the beater E (attached to the cylinder) the
opposite way. The remaining details will be evident from the Drawings.to
any practical man.

page_text: Sheet 3. Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a churn having the same feature as
the last, namely, the churn itself revolving one way and the beater the other;
this motion, however, is obtained by means. of wheels with straps or bands;
Fig. 2 is a top plan of same; and Fig. 3, a vertical section. This churn is
composed of a hexagonal box or drum A mounted on a suitable supporting
framing, by centre spindles.working in bearings as shewn. In the interior of
the said hexagonal case there are a series of projections.a, some of which
(two being shown in the Drawing) are attached to the lid marked B. This
lid forms one of the six sides of the hexagonal case, and is screwed down to
the case by means of nuts 6 (fly nuts being shown in the Drawing). Attached
to the further side of or keyed on to the spindle of this hexagonal case or
drum is a wheel C, over which an endless band or strap passes, which is
crossed and passes over, another wheel D keyed to the spindle E, working in
bearings attached to the supporting framework aforesaid. At the other end
of this spindle (E) is a third wheel (F), from which a band or strap passes
to a fourth wheel (G) keyed on to the spindle H, which spindle passes through
a stuffing box in the side of the churn, forming an axle pivot similar to that
described and shewn in the Drawings at Sheet 1, Figs 8 and 9, differing from
that in this respect only that the rectangular projection is in the centre instead
of on one side. At the other side of the beater is a pivot J fitting into a
socket or bearing in a bearing plate secured to the interior of the side of the
churn, with a slide at the back of it exactly similar to that described and
shewn by the Drawings at Figs 5, 6, and 7, Sheet 1,) E, f, and f. This beater
is similar in its construction to a paddle wheel with four or more beater boards.
This churn is worked by the same mechanism described as used for working
both the former churns, the arm and counterbalance attached being fixed to
the outer end of the spindle H. It will be seen that on motion being applied
through the counterbalance mechanism aforesaid to this beater, a contrary
rotatory motion will by means of the wheels and bands described be given to
the churn itself. The materials which we prefer to use in constructing our
improved churns are wood for the bodies when of large size, and tin or other
suitable metal for small sizes. In all cases the working mechanism should be
of metal, such as iron and brass, the beaters being always of wood. But we
do not confine ourselves to the use of any particular materials.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim
the exclusive use of the slantwise beater described.
4
Also, the arrangements for connecting and disconnecting the beaters of
churns from the bodies of churns without moving their pivots or axles.

page_text: And, likewise, the bent lever mechanism for working churns or washing
machines, whether such mechanism be provided with the counterbalance or
not, or the annulus or not.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Williams, on behalf of myself
and the said Henry Cox, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this
Thirteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-two.
THOMAS WILLIAMS. (L.S.)