A Continuous Direct Electric Current Machine and Motor.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Aug., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 4th May, 1893-Accepted, 22nd July, 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A Continuous Direct Electric Current Machine and Motor.
WILLIAM ALDRED 5 Brightside Bank Brightside Sheffield Electrical Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:—
The object of this invention is to produce a continuous electric current without
the aid of a commutator.. It consists of a number of tee shaped pieces of iron
mounted on a central iron plate in the case of a disc armature or on the shaft in the
case of a barrel armature.
The horizontal arms of the tee pieces are wound in the same manner as a straight
bar magnet. They are connected up in parallel or series to suit purposes to two
metallic rings, insulated from each other and from the shaft and from two brushes
bearing on the rings the current is conveyed to the outside circuit in the usual
manner. The polar pieces of the field magnets are continuous rings with projections
in the form of teeth of a cog wheel. The number of tee pieces on the armature
govern the number of projections on the pole pieces, there should be an equal
number on each. The field magnets are respectively N and S and the armature
when in the disc form revolve in the same manner as regards the lines of force of
field as in the celebrated experiment of Professor Faraday. In the barrel form
the tee pieces are entirely enclosed (excepting the ends) by a field pole of one
sign, and the magnetic circuit is completed through the tee pieces and shaft to the
other pole of the inducing magnet.
The iron cores of the said magnets can be placed in any manner to suit fancy.
Dated this 2nd do of Ano 1905
WILLIAM ALDRED.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A Continuous Direct Electric Current Machine and Motor.
1, WILLIAM ALDRED, of 5 Brightside Bank, Brightside, Sheffield, Electrician,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention refers to machines of the dynamo kind for producing electric
currents, and consists of the usual frame or support, field magnet and rotating shaft,
together with a special form of armature pole pieces and collectors.
I will now describe the machine in detail with reference to the accompanying
drawings in which
Fig. 1 shews a front elevation of the whole of my machine.
Fig. 2 shews a side view of the wheel or armature a, and shewing top of
T pieces a¹.
Fig. 3 shews a separate view of the armature a detached from the machine with
boss a' for attaching to shaft f.
Fig. 4 shews a side view of one of the double discs or collectors d shewing the
insulated portions d'.
Fig. 5 shews an enlarged front view of one of the collectors d.
Fig. 6, 7 and 8, shew three different methods of winding wire round the
T pieces a'. The wire is continuously wound in layers around the T pieces but
always in the same direction, until there are 4 or 5 layers of wire on each T piece,
and is carried or connected from one T piece to the next on both sides of the
armature until all are connected together. The two free ends of the whole winding
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page_text: are brought through the hole in the centre of the pole piece to the metallic rings or
collectors d, d, one end to each ring.
Fig. 9 shews a side view of the left hand support h seen in Fig. 1 for supporting
the supplementary magnetic pole piece r, with its projections ..
a is the armature, to which are rivetted or screwed the T pieces a¹ which are
wound with wire as above described. a', are the T pieces. a' is a boss which
forms a bearing for the armature.
b, b, are the pole pieces partly covered with wire as shewn.
c, is the field magnet of the pole pieces b, b. c¹ are eyes for lifting the machine.
care arms supporting the magnet c which are attached to the pole pieces b, b.
d, d, are the revolving double discs or collectors, which are alternately positive
and negative to each other, and take the place of commutators.
d, di, are insulated parts of d, which as they revolve break the contact with the
combs e, e, and thereby cause intermittent currents. d² are the metallic contacts
from which the current flows to the combs
e, e.
e, e, are the fixed combs or brushes which connect with the collectors at d. One
of these combs is always leading away positive and the other negative from each.
ring. When they are not leading they are shut off by the insulated spaces d'
thus causing an intermittent current in their circuit or in other words half a full
current.
fis the shaft of the machine.
9 is the pulley for rotating shaft f.
h, h, are bearings for the shaft f.".
, are projections formed on one of the bearings h, which serve to intensify the
current.
2, are nuts securing supports h, to base b'.
j, is a piece of wood or other non-conducting material for uniting the pole
pieces b, and their supports mechanically while separating them electrically.
k, k, are bolts for securing the wood in place.
,, are supplementary magnetic pole pieces with projections ', which face the
armature a. These projections are of the same number as the projecting T pieces a¹
on side of armature.
This machine in common with other dynamos is reversible that is to say if a
current from another dynamo be sent through it, it becomes an electrical motor and
will do mechanical work off its pulley g.
The double dises d, d, forming the collectors are made with equal alternate
rises and depressions. The rises equal for contact with the brushes the length of
each piece, and so are the depressions to the spaces between them. There should
be as many rises on one half the double ring as there are T pieces on one half the
armature, and as many on the other half as spaces between the T pieces. The
rises d' are metallic contacts, and the depressions are filled in with an insulating
substance, such as vulcanised fibre. Each double disc is insulated from the other.
There are four combs e, e, which are insulated from each other, each half of the
double disc has a separate comb in contact with it. There is a separate lead from each
comb. The lead of the comb that is on the insulated part of one double disc can be
joined to the lead from the comb that is on the metallic contact of the other double
disc, and the same with the remaining combs and leads, or they can be led round
the entire external circuit, i.e. two complete separate circuits, as two negatives and
two positives; when used in this latter way, by using the negative and the positive
in the same circuit it is then an intermittent current. The comb on the insulated
part d', of one disc is of the same size as the comb on the metallic part of the
other disc and the same with the other two combs, so I can join them up if I want
a full current.
Transformers can be used as with an alternate current, and which of course, will
result in an alternate current, in the secondary. If a continuous current is required
in any part of the external circuit the two positives can be joined up as one, and the
two negatives as one, and the action of the current is then continuous. The

page_text: supplementary inducing magnet pole pieces are made in the form of round discs
with projections facing the armature a, there are as many projections on one pole
piece as T pieces on one side of the armature. These projections can be wound or
not as preferred. The pole pieces are entirely north on one side and south on the
other, that is to say one pole piece is entirely north and the other is south. The
projections should be made comparatively thin. To give an idea, for a two feet.
diameter armature, the projections should stand out 4 inches from the face of the
pole piece, one inch thick, and six or seven inches deep from the top towards the
centre of the ring of the pole piece, leaving a foot or ten inch hole for the shaft to
revolve in. The cores of the field magnets can be placed in any position to suit
convenience. The combs should be so arranged that when one of the combs
working with one of the double discs of the collector d is travelling over the
metallic part d' of one half of the disc, the other comb is travelling the insulated part
of the other half alongside of it, and likewise when one of the combs comes into
the position of short circuit to the other, it should be timed to coincide with the
armature passing the neutral line or the moment of no current.
The remaining part of the two circles on the outside of armature not occupied by
the iron T pieces a', can be filled with some non-magnetic substance, such as wood,
brass &c. or left empty. The iron T pieces a¹ and the non-magnetic substance are
to occupy equal spaces in each circle.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a dynamo or electrical current producer the special form of armature a,
with projecting T pieces a¹ wound with insulated wire, as herein described and set
forth.
2. In a dynamo or electrical current producer the pole pieces b and supplementary
inducing magnetic pole pieces a with projections as herein described and set
forth.
3. In a dynamo or electrical current producer the combination of the armature a
and T pieces a', and the metallic rings or collectors'd pole pieces b with or without
the supplementary pole pieces and projections a' and with the field magnet c,
combs e, supports h, and base b¹, as herein described and set forth.
4. The production of a practically effective continuous or intermittent current
from the apparatus or dynamo as herein described and set forth.
Dash: 4th day of Mov 1802
S. S. BROMHEAD,
97, Newgate Street, London, Agent for Applicant.
S. S. BROMHEAD,
97, Newgate Street, London, Agent for Applicant.