A PROCESS OF DECOMPOSING AND TRANS- FORMING TATS OP TL & TYTU C
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur Marix of the City of Paris in the French
Republic for an Invention of "A PROCESS OF DECOMPOSING AND TRANS-
FORMING TATS OP TL & TYTU
CITAT
LETTERS PATENT to Arthur Marix of the City of Paris in the French
Republic for an Invention of "A PROCESS OF DECOMPOSING AND TRANS-
FORMING TATS OR FATTY SUBSTANCES INTO FATTY ACIDS AND GE
>
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur Marix at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th May 1883.
+
ARTHUR MARIX of the City of Paris in the French Republic "A PROCESS OF
DECOMPOSING AND TRANSFORMING FATS OR FATTY SUBSTANCES INTO FATTY ACIDS
AND GLYCERINE
ن
*
This Invention relates to improvements in the process of decomposing and
transforming fatty substances as was secured to me by Letters Patent N° 2559
dated May 31st 1882.
....
According to my original invention a chemical reaction was claimed to take
place and it was further therein stated that saponification could be resorted to.
Now according to my said improvements all chemical reaction is entirely
avoided by employing a neutral substance acting purely as a mechanical agent for
opening up the molecules (which said molecules are as is already known not
chemically but mechanically combined) and breaking through the albuminous film
surrounding the same; no saponification whatever is resorted to and the stearine or
stearic acid retains its original melting point and without chemical action of any
kind having been applied to the same. I also employ an improved apparatus as
described further on in this said specification, and I employ. furthermore a
continuous vacuum for facilitating the operations, for further facilitating the
separation of the stearine or stearic acid from the oleine and glycerine, for
purifying and filtering the glycerine and for evaporating the water from the said
glycerine..
G
By means of my process which is essentially a mechanical not a chemical
process I open up the molecules and destroy or break through the fine film of
albumine or the cellular membrane surrounding each molecule.
i

page_text: My process is economical, a great saving of time is attained and a better product
extracted than is possible with any of the processes for extracting stearine and
glycerine from fatty substances known up to the present day as the grease is
not subjected to any saponification whatsoever and has not been adulterated
by any admixture of chemicals so that I am enabled to produce pure stearine or
stearic acid with a high melting point and glycerine of absolute purity whilst the
oleine is better suited for making soap and other purposes than that attained by
any other process.
By employing neutral carbonate of magnesia or other finely subdivided neutral
substance such as talc, pipeclay, chalk, silicate and others I achieve a purely
mechanical action so that the said finely divided substance acts by abrasion on
the cellular membrane or fine albumine-film surrounding the molecules forming the
grease in such manner that the molecules are opened up, the glyceral oxyd is freed,
unites with the water employed in the process and forms glyceral hydrate or
glycerated water, leaving the grease remaining as fatty acids. By employing the
vacuum the greases or fatty acids and the glycerated water are separated according
to their specific gravity and by the continued application of the said vacuum by
means of a suitable vacuum apparatus or air pump the greases are exhausted into
a suitable receiver or condensor when the same are cooled or condensed in a purer
and whiter condition than by any other known process for the reason that less
heat is employed and no chemicals applied to decompose or change the nature of
the greases.
If the products of the operation are withdrawn from the digestor or
boiler, by means of a suitable vacuum and the application of the vacuum be
rendered continuous each of the different products can be obtained in an absolutely
pure state according to their specific gravity.
-
In order to obtain this result I draw the stearine and oleine off into suitable
vessels which are in connection with the vacuum pump and are further provided
with water jackets or double walls between which said double walls water of a
fixed temperature is contained so that those parts of the products possessing the
highest melting points are first congealed or rendered solid whereas those
possessing a lower melting point are drawn off into a second vessel and so on
until the process is completed and the various products separated according to their
melting point.
In order to ascertain the temperature in these said vessels or receivers and the
water jacket surrounding the same each of the same is provided with a suitable
thermometer. I also employ the continuous vacuum for the production of
anhydrous glycerine by extracting the water contained in the same which said
application of a continuous vacuum has never been resorted to by any person for
this said purpose up to the present day and which is claimed to be an invention of
great importance.
The apparatus consists of the boiler, the tube or pipe for supplying the apparatus
with molten grease or fatty matter which is also employed as steam pipe for
admitting steam into the vessel or digestor.
Four or more pipes or tubes are arranged which at the lower end reach below
the perforated false bottom and within a short distance of the bottom of the boiler,
digestor or vessel proper. These pipes serve as circulating tubes and are provided
near the upper part with a suitable bend whereas their upper extremities are
provided with a suitable rose in order to obtain a better separation of the molecules
and to create a greater degree of friction, abrasion or attrition between the said
molecules and the finely divided neutral carbonate of magnesia or other suitable
neutral substance.
The brickwork surrounds the boiler; vessel or digestor in order to prevent
radiation or instead of the brick work, the boiler can be mounted on a suitable
frame and well coated or covered with a suitable nonconducting material. .
A suitable pipe or tube is employed for supplying the jacket with water for
cooling the vessel or boiler and its contents.
A pipe or tube is used for letting off the water out of the jacket or water space;

page_text: A further tube or pipe communicates with the interior of the valve box, which.
said pipe is connected with a suitable vacuum apparatus or air pump and serves
not only for drawing off the stearic acid or stearine and the oleine but also for
allowing the carbonic acid gas given off during the first part of the process to
escape either into the open air or into a suitable condensor. A screw valve for
cutting off the connection between this said pipe and the boiler or vessel is
connected to the same.
A pipe or tube provided with a suitable valve or cock is employed for drawing
off the glyceral hydrate or glycerated water, which is effected by means of the
vacuum apparatus or air pump or by means of a suitable syphon.
A pipe is connected to the bottom of the boiler or vessel which can be employed
for a like purpose as the aforementioned tube or pipe or for letting off any part of
the contents of the boiler or vessel as may be desired.
A manometer is connected with the upper part of the boiler or vessel in order
to be able to controll the pressure in the same by means of a pipe.
A thermometer is also attached to the upper end of a pipe or tube in order to
be able to control the temperature in the said boiler or vessel.
A further pipe is also provided for inserting a suitable thermometer
A suitable pipe or tube and safety valve can be employed if thought necessary.
A water gauge for controlling the height of the contents of the boiler, and a pipe
or tube for testing or examining the progress of the process are also employed.
A pipe or tube for supplying the vessel or receptacle or boiler with water, and a
pipe or tube for allowing any superfluous water to escape from the water jacket or
space is arranged in suitable position.
Two perforated plates or sieves are inserted in the upper part of the boiler
vessel in order to promote the separation of the molecules and increase the
attrition or abrasion on the albumine film or membrane surrounding the molecules.
A perforated false bottom to the vessel or boiler is arranged for the purpose
mentioned above.
It will be evident to any person skilled in the art that other means can be
employed for increasing the abrasion or attrition between the molecules without
departing from the tenor of my said invention and I desire it to be specially
understood that my said invention is not founded on any chemical process or
reaction, but that the same consists exclusively of a mechanical action on the
albumine film or membrane surrounding the molecules in order to open up the
same and set free the glycerine and fatty acids.
In order that my said invention and the apparatus employed in carrying out
the same may be more fully understood, I will now proceed to describe the
operation of the said apparatus and the method of carrying out the process
aforenamed.
The grease or fatty substance employed in my said process is first melted in
a suitable vessel and introduced into the apparatus, boiler or vessel by means of
the tube or pipe, which said pipe or tube is provided with a three way cock or
valve.
Water equal to 10 per cent of the weight of the grease is now led into
the boiler or vessel by means of the supply pipe and free steam admitted through
the feed pipe or the steam pipe until an emulsion is formed after which neutral
carbonate of magnesia equal to about one tenth per cent in weight of the fatty
matter to be treated is admitted or forced into the boiler or vessel by means of the
steam pipe or the feed pipe; which said neutral carbonate of magnesia or other
finely subdivided neutral substance is previously mixed with a suitable quantity
of water in order to thoroughly dissolve the same.
I now continue to introduce steam into the boiler or vessel by means of the
steam pipe or tube, until any or all carbonic acid gas evolved in the apparatus is
driven off through the open valve and the pipe or tube to the same.
The valve is now screwed down onto its seat, the steam cut off and the

page_text: apparatus heated by means of a suitable, firing until the thermometer shows a
heat in the boiler or vessel equal to about 160° Centigrade or 320° Fahrenheit.
I maintain this last heat for about 4 to 6 hours according to the nature of the
grease after which a vacuum is formed and in 'order to facilitate the formation
of this said vacuum the fire is put out and cold water introduced into the jacket
or water space and the grease and the glycerated water allowed to separate
whereupon the glycerated water or glyceral hydrate is drawn off by means of the
steam pipe, and a suitable syphon, or as aforementioned by means of an appropriate
vacuum apparatus or pump.,
The valve is now opened, a vacuum created and the fatty acids drawn off into
a suitable condensing apparatus and condensed to a fluid state in which a vacuum
has been formed and which said vacuum is maintained by means of an appropriate
vacuum pump.
The greases or fatty acids are now run off into a suitable closed vessel arranged
beneath the said condensor and allowed to crystallise, after which a vacuum is
created at the lower part of the said vessel.
By opening a stop cock provided for this purpose, air is introduced above the
said greases or fatty acids and by means of the pressure so created, the oleine is
forced out of the upper part of the said closed vessel through a perforated plate
or plates or false bottom covered with hair cloth or fine wire gauze and is allowed
to flow off by a cock or valve at the bottom of the said closed vessel into a suitable
vat or receptacle arranged for this purpose.
The oleine now separated from the crystallised fatty acids is absolutely free
from all chemical compounds or admixtures and is admirably adapted for soap
making and lubricating purposes; the fatty acids which have not been subjected
to saponification are absolutely free from all impurities and can be applied to
greater advantage than heretofore in making candles and such like; as the melting
point has not been decreased and the glycerine obtained is purer than can be
extracted by any other known process.
.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Arthur Marix in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st November
1883.
•
ARTHUR MARIX of the City of Paris in the French Republic "A PROCESS OF
DECOMPOSING AND TRANSFORMING FATS OR FATTY SUBSTANCES INTO FATTY ACIDS
AND GLYCERINE.
:
This Invention relates to improvements in the process of decomposing and
transforming fatty substances as was secured to me by Letters Patent No 2559
dated 31st May 1882. :
t
:
According to my original invention a chemical reaction was claimed to take
place and it was further therein stated that saponification could be resorted to.
Now according to my said improvements all chemical reaction is entirely
avoided by employing a neutral substance acting purely as a mechanical agent for
opening up the molecules (which said molecules are as is already known. not
chemically but mechanically combined) and breaking through the albuminous film
surrounding the same; no saponification whatever is resorted to and the stearine
or stearic acid retains its original melting point and without chemical action of
any kind having been applied to the same. I also employ an improved apparatus
as described further on in this said specification, and I employ furthermore a
continuous vacuum for facilitating the operations, for further facilitating the
separation of the stearine or stearic acid from the oleine and glycerine, for
purifying and filtering the glycerine and for evaporating the water from the said
glycerine.
'
By means of my process, which is essentially a mechanical not a chemical
process I open up the molecules and destroy or break through the fine film of
albumine or the cellular membrane surrounding each molecule.
My process is economical, a great saving of time is attained and a better product
extracted than is possible with any of the processes for extracting stearine and
glycerine from fatty substances known up to the present day as the grease is not
subjected to any saponification whatsoever and has not been adulterated by any
admixture of chemicals so that I am enabled to produce pure stearine or stearic
acid with a high melting point and glycerine of absolute purity whilst the oleine
is better suited for making soap and other purposes than that attained by any
other process.
By employing neutral carbonate of magnesia or other finely subdivided neutral
substance such as talc, pipeclay, chalk, silicate etc I achieve a purely mechanical
action so that the said finely divided substance acts by abrasion on the cellular
membrane or fine albumine film surrounding the molecules, are opened up, the
glyceral oxyd is freed, unites with the water employed in the process and forms
glyceral hydrate or glycerated water, leaving the grease remaining as fatty acids.
By employing the vacuum the greases or fatty acids and the glycerated water
are separated according to their specific gravity and by the continued application
of the said vacuum by means of a suitable vacuum apparatus or air pump the
greases are exhausted into a suitable receiver or condensor when the same are'
cooled or condensed in a purer and whiter condition than by any other known'
process for the reason that less heat is employed and no chemicals applied to
decompose or change the nature of the greases.
Having transformed the grease and fats into fatty acids, some of the glycerine
still remains suspended mechanically in the same and is separated by employing a
vacuum as follows:-
"
After the fatty acids have been freed as far as possible from glycerine by the
first application of the vacuum the same are washed or rinsed with a fresh quantity*
of water, a vacuum again produced and the fatty acids allowed to remain for a.
short time under this vacuum when they separate according to their specific

page_text: -
gravity. This operation is repeated until the entire glycerine is eliminated from
the said fatty acids.
-
If the products of the operation are withdrawn from the digestor or boiler by
means of a suitable vacuum and the application of the vacuum bé rendered
continuous each of the different products can be obtained in an absolutely pure
state according to their specific gravity.
In order to obtain this result I draw the stearine and oleine off into suitable
vessels which are in connection with the vacuum pump and are further provided
with water jackets or double walls between which said double walls water of a
fixed temperature is contained so that those parts of the products possessing the
highest melting points are first congealed or rendered solid whereas those possessing
a lower melting point are drawn off into a second vessel and so on until the
process is completed and the various products separated according to their melting
point In order to ascertain the temperature in these said vessels or receivers and
the jacket surrounding the same, each of the same is provided with a suitable
thermometer. I also employ the continuous vacuum for the production of
anhydrous glycerine by extracting the water contained in the same which said
application of a continuous vacuum has never been resorted to by any person for
this said purpose up to the present day and which is claimed to be an invention
of great importance.
The glycerated water is heated and the water evaporated until the same shows
18° to 20° Beaumé after which the said glycerated water is mixed with a small
quantity of animal charcoal or other suitable filtering and discolouring matter, are
agitated for some time and allowed to settle until the charcoal separates out by
its own specific gravity carrying with it the greater portion of the coloring.or
other foreign matter that may have been suspended in the said glycerine
water.
The waters are now taken and passed through a filter specially prepared for this
purpose which said filter works under vacuum pressure by means of which constant
and regular pressure the liquids are filtered quickly and received into the vacuum
chamber beneath.
By this process I can filter oils, and other heavy viscid substances depriving
them of their coloring matter and other impurities held in suspension.
The glycerine water showing 18° to 20° Beaumé so won and filtered is now
placed in a suitable exhauster which said exhauster I heat up to a temperature not
exceeding 50° C when a continuous vacuum is produced and the water exhausted
into a suitable receiver where it is condensed leaving the glycerine in an absolutely
pure anhydrous state as the said glycerine has not been contaminated by any
chemical or mineral substance, remains perfectly colorless and weighs 30° Beauté.-
It will be seen by the above process that I first take the glycerated waters from
the fatty acids and condense, the same to a specific gravity at which they can be
most readily filtered from all impurities and discolored after which they are again
introduced into the receiver or digestor and the water exhausted under the employ-
ment of a continuous vacuum and at low temperatures until the same show 30°
Beaumé when the glycerine is anhydrous and remains in a perfectly colorless and
pure state. By this process 1 exhaust the water very rapidly at an unusually low
temperature thus preventing any burning or overheating of the glycerine as in
other processes, no chemicals are employed, I do not resort to distillation and
recover all the glycerine contained in the waters thus having absolutely no loss;
My process is further, more economical as to time of working than any other
known process and a great saving in fuel is attained-Figure 1 is the vertical
section of an apparatus employed in carrying out my invention. Figure 2 is a
section on the line x x in Figure 1.-A is the boiler, B the tube or pipe for
supplying the apparatus with molten grease or fatty matter and is also employed
as steam pipe for admitting steam into the vessel or digestor A. CC are four or
more tubes or pipes which at the lower end reach below the perforated false
bottom c and within a short distance of the bottom of the boiler, digestor or vessel

page_text: proper A.-These pipes serve as circulating tubes and are provided at the upper part
with a suitable bend whereas their upper extremities are provided with a suitable
rose in order to attain a better separation of the molecules and to create a greater.
degree of friction, abrasion or attrition between the said molecules and the finely
divided neutral carbonate of magnesia or other suitable neutral substance. D is
the brickwork surrounding the boiler, vessel or digestor A in order to prevent
radiation or instead of the brickwork the boiler can be mounted on a suitable
frame and well coated or covered with a suitable nonconducting material. E is a
suitable pipe or tube for supplying the jacket H with water for cooling the vessel
or boiler A and its contents.-F is a pipe or tube for letting off the water out of
the jacket or water space H.. G is a tube or pipe communicating with the interior
of the valve box I which said pipe is connected with a suitable vacuum apparatus
or air pump and serves not only for drawing off the stearic acid or stearine*
and the oleine but also for allowing the carbonic acid gas given off during the first
part of the process to escape either into the open air or into a suitable condensor→
G¹ is a screw valve for cutting off the connection between the pipe G and the
boiler or vessel A.-K is a pipe or tube provided with a suitable valve or cock and
is employed for drawing off the glyceral hydrate or glycerated water which is
effected by means of the vacuum apparatus or air pump or by means of a suitable
syphon. L is a pipe connected to the bottom of the boiler or vessel A which can
be employed for a like purpose as the tube or pipe K, for letting off any part of
the contents of the boiler or vessel A as may be desired-M is a manometer which
is connected with the upper part of the boiler or vessel A in order to be able to
control the pressure in the same by means of a pipe m.-N is a thermometer
attached to the upper end of the pipe or tube in order to be able to control the
temperature in the said boiler or vessel-S is a suitable pipe or tube leading to the
safety valve. O is a water guage for controlling the height of the contents of the
boiler. P is a pipe or tube for testing or examining the progress of the process.
Qis a pipe or tube for supplying the vessel, receptacle or boiler A with water,
R is a pipe or tube for allowing any superfluous water to escape from the water.
mouth or space H-a b are two perforated plates or sieves which are inserted
in the upper part of the boiler or vessel A in order to promote the
separation of the molecules and increase the attrition or abrasion on the
albumine film or membrane surrounding the molecules-c is a perforated false
bottom to the vessel or boiler A for the purpose mentioned above. It will be
evident to any person skilled in the art that other means can be employed for
increasing the abrasion or attrition between the molecules without departing from
the tenor of my said invention and I desire it to be specially understood that my
said invention is not founded on any chemical process or reaction but that the
same consists exclusively of a mechanical action on the albumine film or membrane
surrounding the molecules in order to open up the same and set free the glycerine
and fatty acids. Figure 3 is the vertical section of my improved Filter. The same
is mounted in suitable standards and is provided with suitable filtering material,
for instance a mixture of charcoal and silicate or slag wool. My said filter is so
arranged that the same can be readily cleansed for which purpose the said filter
can be reversed and all impurities in the filtering mass readily driven out. If the
mass is so filled with impurities that the same ceases to filter correctly, the
apparatus is reversed and a stream of water either hot or cold or jets of steam
introduced into the upper filter space or chamber e or e¹ which' passes through the
filtering material and drives out all impurities whereupon the filter can be again
connected with the vacuum apparatus and the process of filtering continued. The
hopper a serves to feed the filter which is screwed onto the neck c of the said filter
immediately above the neck or valve b which is rigidly attached to the lid of the
filter-The upper space or chamber e as shown in the accompanying drawing is
connected by means of rivets bolts or other attachment to the filter proper h which
is separated from the said space e by a perforated diaphragm f to the under or
inner surface of which a suitable sieve can be. attached. The said filter proper_is

page_text: either provided with suitable trunnions and gearing or the axle i can run through
the entire filter and be carried in the bearings l. The nuts k serve to prevent all
leakage. The lower part of the filter is provided in like manner as aforedescribed
with a sieve of suitable fineness and a perforated diaphragın f¹ which is attached
to the diaphragm f by means of suitable bolts and nuts g. The lower part of the
filter consists of exactly the same parts as the upper part i.e. the chamber or
space e¹, neck c¹ and cock or valve b¹-Rings or loops d d are attached to the lid
or lids or bottom of the said filter so that in case repairs are necessary the lid can
be held at any desired height by means of pulley blocks and chains or ropes which
said chains or ropes can also be employed to prevent any too sudden revolution or
turning of the filter when the same is to be reversed. The threads to the cock or
valve pipe or pipes is exactly alike at each end so that the same cock can be
attached to the hopper a.or the pipe a' which leads to the vacuum apparatus-
I wish it to be specially understood that my process of filtering glycerine and other
viscid matters is carried on under the employment of a continuous vacuum-The
advantages of my said filter for such purposes will be evident to any expert in this
branch of trade-In order that my said invention and the apparatus employed in
carrying out the saine may be more fully understood I will now proceed to describe
the operation of the said aparatus and the method of carrying out my process
aforenamed--The grease or fatty substance employed in my said process is first
melted in a suitable vessel and introduced into the apparatus boiler or vessel A
by means of the tube or pipe B which said pipe or tube is provided with a three
way cock or valve. Water equal to 10% of the weight of the grease is now let into,
the boiler or vessel by means of the supply pipe Q and free steam admitted through
the pipe B or the pipe K until an emulsion is formed after which neutral carbonate
of magnesia equal to about one tenth per cent in weight of the fatty matter to be
treated is admitted or forced into the boiler or vessel by means of the pipe B or
the pipe which said neutral carbonate of magnesia or other finely subdivided
neutral substance is previously mixed with a suitable quantity of water in order
to thoroughly dissolve the same.-I now continue to introduce steam into the
boiler by means of the pipe or tube B until any or all carbonic acid gas evolved in
the apparatus is driven off through the open valve G¹ and the pipe or tube G.-The
valve G is now screwed down onto its seat, the steam cut off and the apparatus
heated by means of a suitable firing until the thermometer n shows a heat in the
boiler or vessel A equal to about 160° Centigrade or 320° Fahrenheit-I maintain
this last heat for about 4 to 6 hours according to the nature of the grease after
which a vacuum is formed and in order to facilitate the formation of this said
vacuum the fire is put out and cold water introduced into the jacket or water
space H and the grease and the glycerated water allowed to separate whereupon
the glycerated water or glyceral hydrate is drawn off by means of the pipe K and
a suitable syphon or as aforementioned by means of an appropriate vacuum
apparatus or pump. The valve G¹ is now opened a vacuum created and the fatty
acids drawn off into a suitable condensing apparatus in which a vacuum has been
formed and which said vacuum is maintained by means of an appropriate vacuum
pump.
°
The greases or fatty acids are now run off into a suitable closed vessel and
allowed to crystallise after which a vacuum is created at the lower part of the said
vessel. By opening a stop cock provided for this purpose air is introduced above
the said greases or fatty acids and by means of the pressure so created the oleine is
forced out of the upper part of the said closed vessel, through a perforated plate
or plates or false bottom covered with hair cloth or fine wire gauze and is allowed
to flow off by a cock or valve at the bottom of the said closed vessel into a suitable
vat or receptacle arranged for this purpose. The oleine now separated from the
crystallised fatty acids is absolutely free from all chemical compounds or admixtures
and is admirably adapted for soapmaking and lubricating purposes; the fatty acids
which have not been subjected to saponification are absolutely free from all
impurities and be applied to greater advantage than heretofore in making candles

page_text: and such like, as the melting point has not been decreased and the glycerine
obtained is purer than can be extracted by any other known process.
Having now described my said invention I wish it to be understood that what I
claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is :—
1-The employment and application of neutral carbonate of magnesia or other
finely subdivided neutral substance, such as talc, pipeclay, chalk &. in my said
process in order to achieve a mechanical action on the fine albuminous film
surrounding the molecules in such manner that the attrition, abrasion or friction
between the molecules and also between the finely subdivided neutral matter opens
up the molecules and gives the glyceral oxyd and fatty acids free without any
saponification ensuing, without lowering the melting point of the stearic acid or
stearine substantially as and for the purpose set forth and shown in the accompanying
drawing.
2-The application and employment of my said process for extracting glycerine
and stearine or stearic acid from the fatty substances known as the vacuum
emulsion process whereby an emulsion of neutral carbonate of magnesia or other
finely subdivided neutral substance is employed in order to open up the molecules
in a purely mechanical manner so that the glyceral oxyd is freed, unites with the
water employed in the process and forms glyceral hydrate or glycerated water
leaving the grease remaining as fatty acids substantially as and for the purpose set
forth and shown in the accompanying drawing.
3. The employment and application of a vacuum in order to separate the glycerated
water from the fatty acids according to their specific gravity and to exhaust the
said fatty acids from the vessel in which the same had been treated into a suitable
receiver or condensor by the continued application of the said vacuum by means
of a suitable vacuum apparatus or air pump in which said condensor or vacuum
the fatty acids are cooled or condensed in a purer whiter condition and a higher
melting point than by any other known process as less heat is employed and no
chemicals applied to decompose or change the nature of the greases substantially as
and for the purpose set forth and shown in the accompanying drawing.
4. The continued treatment of the fatty acids until all trace of glycerine is
removed from the same by employing the method described above and by employing
a continuous vacuum substantially as and for the purpose described.
5. The employment and application of the apparatus substantially as shown in
the accompanying drawing in carrying out my said vacuum emulsion process for
treating greases or fats for the production of glycerine and stearine or stearic acid
substantially as described in the foregoing specification..
19
6. The construction arrangement and employment of the filter for filtering
glycerated water and other viscid matter whereby a continuous vacuum
employed and whereby the said filter is so arranged that the same can be turned
around its own axis in order to facilitate the cleansing or driving out of all or any
impurity or impurities left behind in the said filtering material which said
cleansing can be effected by means of water steam or other suitable fluid
substantially as and for the purpose described-In witness whereof I the said
Arthur Marix have bereunto set my hand and seal this thirteenth day of August
in the year of Our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
Witnesses
ARTHUR BAERMANN.
ANTHONY STEFFEN
ARIDUN МАША,