matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENT IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN LOWERING BOATS FROM THE SIDE OF VESSELS."
Year: 1879

page_text: fs
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Blakeman Hammond at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th September 1879.
FRANCIS BLAKEMAN HAMMOND, of Folkestone, in the County of Kent, Mariner.
IMPROVEMENT IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN LOWERING BOATS FROM THE SIDE
OF VESSELS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus used in lowering
boats from the side of vessels and other like purposes.
For this purpose an iron rod of suitable dimensions is used, the said iron rod
being in two lenghts and fixed to run lengthwise in the boat from sterm to stern,
one length being fixed above and one length below the thwarts.
The ends of the said iron rods being fixed to an iron lever fixed perpendicularly
or otherwise and moving upon an iron rod of suitable dimensions fixed ath wart
and in the middle of the boat. Each of the longitudinal rods being properly fixed
to said perpendicular lever moving on the cross rod or fulcrum with proper
movable joints to each.
By the movement of the lever in the direction from stem to stern both rods can
be simultaneously withdrawn from their sockets at the end, and the boat become
disengaged at both ends from the lowering tackel by one operation. The boat
with its crew can be fairly launched without the possibility of its entering the
water other than in a properly horizontal manner, the operation being entirely
under the control of one man in charge of the boat.
My Invention consists essentially in the employment of a lever placed in the
middle of the boat and moving upon an iron rod or fulcrum crossing athwart the
boat, to which lever two rods are attached which act as bolts having noveable
joints and fixed one below and the other above the cross rod or fulcrum passing
tl.rough guides and moving over friction rollers. The said iron rods or bolts are made
to pass through eyes of suitable construction attached to the lowering tackle, by
which means it becomes securely locked at both ends of the boat. The lowering
tackle having a fixed limit sufficient only to allow of the bont coming to a con-
venient level to receive the passengers and crew from the deck of the vessel, the
person in charge will be enabled to secure the proper moment for the boat to enter
the water with safety, and by one simple movement the boat will be disengaged.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS DURING FOGS AND AT OTHER TIMES."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Langton and Louis Silverman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd September 1879.
JOHN LANGTON and LOUIS SILVERMAN, both of No. 68, Cheapside, in the City
of London. A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR SIGNALLING ON
RAILWAYS DURING FOGS AND AT OTHER TIMES."
66
The object of our Invention is the providing of a means of signalling to the
drivers of locomotives, which shall at the same time be efficient, reliable, and
always available, while the use of detonating signals, the necessary signal men,
and
the attendant liability to accidents are entirely obviated.
Our Invention consists, firstly, in providing at suitable places alongside the
railway rails or metals a lever, which we hereinafter call "the contact lever," retained
when not required for use in position by a weight attached thereto by a chain or in
any convenient manner. From this lever extends a communication by wire, chain,
rods, or otherwise to the signal box, so that by pulling thereon the contact lever is
caused to move or shift position to the extent required, the object of which will
hereinafter be explained.
Our Invention consists, secondly, in providing the locomotive at one or both sides
thereof, on the side frame thereof, or at any other convenient place, with two rods
or shafts carried or supported in suitable bearings. The end of each rod is so
formed as to extend downwards towards the metals so as there to form contact
pieces or arms, and each rod is at its other end connected in a suitable manner to
a signal, and also to a gong or whistle on the engine. The signals are placed in
front of or at any place where they can be readily seen by the driver. The signals
may be the usual "caution" and "danger" signal denoted by the green and red
colors, and may or may not be connected with a lamp.
"
When it is required to signal to the driver the contact lever on the line is caused
by a pull from the signal box to move or travel a certain distance, whereby it comes
into contact with the arm on horizontal shaft on engine which exhibits the
"caution" signal, or by causing the contact lever to travel still further the "danger
signal is operated. In either case the gong or whistle is sounded to arrest the
driver's attention. When released the contact lever will be returned by the weight
herein before mentioned to its original position and is again ready for use.
We may in some cases substitute for the weight hereinbefore mentioned a spring
of spiral or other suitable form.
AN IMPROVED COMBINED SYRINGE, WHISTLE, AND POP GUN
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Friedrich Stahlecker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th February 1879.
CARL FRIEDRICH STAHLECKER, of Stuttgart, in the Empire of Germany, but tem-
porarily of 4, South Street, Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturer.
"AN IMPROVED COMBINED SYRINGE, WHISTLE, AND POP GUN."
This Invention relates to a novel combination of syringes, a whistle having a
musical scale, and a pop gun, whereby any one of these articles may be used as
required.
În carrying out my Invention I employ a pop gun consisting of a cylindrical
tube, within which works an air tight piston, the rod of which passes through the
bottom of the tube, and is provided with a suitable handle. On the upper end of
this tube I fix a hinged cover, closing an air tight joint, and provided with a suitable
fastening for holding the cover closed, the said hinged cover having a hole in the
centre.
I provide a short cylinder with a flange at its lower end, and formed into a
whistle at the other end. By opening the hereinbefore described cover on its hinge
the mouth of the whistle may be passed through the hole in the cover, the flange
of the tubular whistle fitting against the underside of the cover, and when the same
is closed and fastened the whistle forms one continuous tube with the cylinder of
the pop gun, and if the whistle be blown a musical note will be produced, which
note will be varied by altering the position of the piston by means of the herein-
before described handle, so that all the notes of the scale and half notes may be
produced, and the said rod of the piston may be divided into a scale to mark the
required position to produce any desired note.
To convert the apparatus into a flower syringe I remove the hereinbefore described
whistle, and in its place I substitute a short cylinder having a perforated nozzle or
rose, and formed at its lower end similarly to the whistle. By drawing down the
piston the cylinder body may be filled with liquid which, by pressing up the piston,
will be discharged in fine jets of spray.
For use as an ordinary syringe I substitute for that last described a nozzle having
only one hole in the centre.
AN IMPROVED RECEPTACLE FOR HYGROSCOPIC EXPLOSIVES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th January 1879. A communica-
tion from abroad by Alfred Nobel, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draftsman. "AN IMPROVED RECEPTACLE FOR
HYGROSCOPIC EXPLOSIVES." [A communication from abroad by Alfred Nobel, of
Paris, in the Republic of France.]
It is a well known fact that nitrate of soda but for its hygroscopicity might be
substituted with great advantage for nitrate of potash in the manufacture of gun-
powder. It is much cheaper, as well as more powerful, but on being exposed to a
damp atmosphere it takes up moisture, whereby its combustion is rendered too
slow for its practical utilization.
Now this Invention relates to the providing of a receptacle which will obviate
this defect and preserve the efficiency of the powder. It consists in the use of a
receptacle for the powder provided with an automatically closing stopper. This
receptacle may be made of any convenient size and form, and may be manufactured
from zinc, tinplate, copper, glass, earthenware, india rubber, or other airtight
material.
The automatically closing stopper consists of a lid coated with india-rubber, and
connected with the receptacle by a spring hinge, which will yield to allow of the
lid being raised, and will, when the lid is left free, close it hermetically against the
moisture of the atmosphere.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MEANS FOR CUTTING OFF THE ENDS OF THE STAYS, RODS, OR BARS OF FIRE BOXES AND OTHER LIKE CHAMBERS OR RECEP- TACLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wright at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th May 1879.
JAMES WRIGHT, of Newton le Willows, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MEANS FOR CUTTING OFF THE ENDS OF THE
STAYS, RODS, OR BARS OF FIRE BOXES AND OTHER LIKE CHAMBERS OR RECEP-
TACLES."
My Invention relates chiefly to the operation of cutting off the ends of stays of
boiler fire boxes, so as to reduce the stays to the required length for rivetting, but it
is also applicable to the operation of cutting off the ends of the stays, rods, or bars
of other like chambers or receptacles, and the Invention has reference to the
provision of means whereby the use for these purposes of the hammer and chisel,
which is attended with the liability of fracture or other injury to the stays is
dispensed with, whilst at the same time the operation may be performed by unskilled
workmen with greater rapidity than is attainable by the said ordinary method.
In carrying out my Invention I employ a lever cutter consisting of two blades or
shears, the acting or cutting portion of each of which is made in the form of an
opening or concave recess so as to admit of the blades or shears being placed upon
the stay to be cut in such a manner that the cutting edge of the openings will
surround or partially surround the stay. One of the blades or shears (which may
be designated the fixed blade) is formed on or fitted to a plate which may be per-
forated with an elongated hole or holes so as to admit of its receiving support by
fitting over one or more of the stays during the operation of cutting others, and
the second blade or shear, which is pivotted or centred at a suitable point to the
other, is formed on or fitted with a lever for the facility of operating the
apparatus.
When it is required to cut off the end of a stay the shears are placed over and
around the stay to be operated upon, the fixed blade being supported in the manner
before referred to by one or more of the other stays. The operator then by the aid
of the lever turns the movable blade upon its pivot or centre, thus moving the said
blade across or over the fixed blade, whereby the end of the stay is cut off, leaving
the portion of the stay from which it is severed sound and clear for rivetting. The

page_text: shears may then be removed to another stay, and the latter operated upon in like
manner, and so in succession until the ends of the whole of the stays have been
cut off.
It will be obvious that the apparatus is simple and inexpensive in construction,
not liable to be put out of order, and susceptible, when required, of being readily
repaired at a small cost.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TURNING, PLAINING, SHAPING, AND SLOTTING
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Elston Kelk Capps and
Alfred Harrison at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd
December 1879.
SAMUEL ELSTON KELK CAPPS, Engineer, of 100, Bride Street, Barnsbury, in the
County of Middlesex, and ALFRED HARRISON, Engineer, of Spalding, in the County
of Lincoln. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TURNING, PLAINING, SHAPING,
AND SLOTTING."
The object of the Invention is to enable an ordinary lathe used for turning metal
to be also used for planing, shaping, and slotting.
To effect this we bolt to the bed of the lathe, just in front of the headstock, an
upright to which is jointed an arm; the central pin or bolt of this joint is parallel
and in a line with the spindle carried by the headstock. The arm turning on the
joint can be set at any angle desired, and be locked by tightening up a nut on the
central pin or bolt of the joint. Along the arm guideways are formed along which
a slide carrying a planing tool can slide to and fro. A slot is also formed longi-
tudinally through the arm; through this a stud passes from the back of the slide.
This stud is coupled by a connecting rod with a crank pin carried by the face plate
which is at the end of the lathe spindle. Thus when the lathe is turned, the slide
carrying the planing tool will be moved to and fro along the arm, and it will also
be seen that the planing tool can be caused to move to and fro, either vertically or
horizontally, or at any desired angle, according to the angle at which the arm above
mentioned is set and held; the amount of to and fro traverse given to the slide
carrying the tool can also be varied by altering the distance of the crank pin from
the centre of the face plate.
The work to be planed, shaped, or slotted, may be fixed to the ordinary slide rest
of the lathe, or to a cross slide upon it, and be by means of the slide held in position
to be acted upon by the planing tool. Or any ordinary means may be used for
holding the work whilst the tool is acting upon it.
When the lathe is to be used for turning, the upright, the arm, and the
connecting rod are removed, and the lathe can then be used for turning in the
ordinary manner.
A NOVEL 'SLIP' ARRANGE- MENT TO ALLOW OF THE INSTANTANEOUS RELEASING OF THE COLLAR CHAINS OF HORSES WHEN FALLING DOWN
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Waldemar Colding at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th August 1879.
WALDEMAR COLDING, of Canonbury, London, N. "A NOVEL 'SLIP' ARRANGE-
MENT TO ALLOW OF THE INSTANTANEOUS RELEASING OF THE COLLAR CHAINS OF
HORSES WHEN FALLING DOWN."
My Invention consists in so arranging and adapting the cross head of, and in
relation to, the centre pole of two horse vehicles, as to allow of the said cross head
slipping back in the event of the horse or horses falling down, and so relieving the
collar chain or chains of the strain or pressure upon it or them.
This I accomplish
by pressing a knob, lever, or suitable mechanical equivalent therefor, in connection
with the said sliding or "slip" cross head of the centre pole of the vehicle.
MENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGE ROOF LAMPS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Osgood Gee Pritchard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd October 1879.
OSGOOD GEE PRITCHARD, of Crutchedfriars, in the City of London.
MENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGE ROOF LAMPS."
"IMPROVE-
My Invention relates to railway carriage roof lamps, and bas for its object to so
regulate the supply of oil to the wick or burner as to avoid the objectionable
overflow of oil into the glass globe or lantern which is at present so common.
My Invention consists in interposing between the oil reservoir and the burner, and
on the same level as and connected by a pipe with the latter, a cup or chamber into
which the mouth of the supply tube from the oil reservoir dips, so that the entrance
of air to replace the oil drawn from the reservoir is controlled and the supply of oil
to the burner regulated by the level of the oil in the said cup or chamber. The oil
reservoir is closed with the exception of the oil supply pipe which descends obliquely
into the cup or chamber, so that the mouth of the said pipe is at an inclination
from the horizontal and on a level with the height to which the oil is to rise in the
burner. The cup or chamber is covered, to prevent spilling, by a cap having an air
hole to allow the atmospheric pressure to act on the surface of the oil in the said
cup or chamber, and to admit air to take the place of the oil in the reservoir.. The
action is intermittent and will be readily understood. The cup or chamber and
the wick tube being filled with oil from the reservoir to the level of the mouth of
the supply tube, the latter is sealed and the supply arrested until by the consumption
of the oil at the burner, the level in the regulating chamber falls and unseals the
mouth of the supply tube, thereby allowing air to enter through the said tube into
the reservoir, and an equal quantity of oil to flow from the latter into the chamber:
until the level again rises therein high enough to again cover the mouth of the tube
and arrest the supply of oil.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN GARDEN RAKES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marshall Arthur Wier at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th April 1879.
MARSHALL ARTHUR WIER, of Shepherd's Bush, in the County of Middlesex.
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN GARDEN RAKES."
This Invention, which relates to an improvement in garden rakes, has for its
object to cleanse or free the teeth or prongs of these tools in a rapid and simple
manner from mud, leaves, or other matters with which they are liable to become
clogged in the operation of raking.
Over the teeth or prongs of a rake is passed a plate, or strip of metal, or other
material which corresponds in dimensions approximately to the rake-head, and
which is perforated to allow the teeth or prongs to pass therethrough.
Attached to
one side thereof is one end of a flat spring, the other end of which is secured to the
shank of the rake-head, and the tendency of this spring is to press and maintain
the aforesaid plate or strip against the underside of the rake-head, so that no
obstruction is offered in the operation of raking. At such times as it is desired to
cleanse the teeth or prongs from adhering matter, the rake is turned over, that is to
say, with the teeth or prongs uppermost, and the said spring being struck against
the ground, the perforated plate or strip slides vertically along the teeth or prongs,
and at once forces the adherent matter therefrom, returning thereafter to its normal
position.
The spring may be made with the perforated plate or strip in one piece of flat
steel, or it may be made separate therefrom, and in round or other shaped steel wire,
or a spiral spring may be used, and the attachment of the perforated plate or strip
to the spring may be made by passing a short rod attached thereto through the
rake-head.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR HEATING WATER FOR WARMING BUILDINGS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Henry Kilner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th July 1879.
45
THOMAS HENRY KILNER, of the Firm of Thomas Kilner and Sons, of Woodnook,
Lepton, near Huddersfield, in the County of York, Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR HEATING WATER FOR WARMING BUILDINGS."
This Invention consists in constructing and arranging apparatus for heating
water for warming buildings, such as greenhouses, schools, churches, chapels, and
other public and private buildings, and the improvements consist in having an
outer casing or box connected by horizontal and vertical pipes in such manner that
a through circulation will take place through all the pipes and outer casing.
Fuel is fed and fire made within the arrangement of pipes, the fire resting upon
the bottom row of pipes which serve as grate bars. Two of such tubular hot water
heating apparatus may be connected together and work as twin boilers, or they
may be so arranged as to work independently of each other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON FENCING
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Sarginson Moncaster at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st January 1879.
RICHARD SARGINSON MONCASTER, of Kirk Ella, near Hull, in the County of
York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON FENCING."
My improvements relate to the means employed for fixing and retaining in
position the horizontal bars or wires employed for iron fencing, and is applicable to
such fencing as is described in the Specification of the Letters Patent granted to me
bearing date the 5th February 1878, No. 477, and also to other iron fencing having
Hor Tiron uprights or standards.
According to my improvements I dispense with the ordinary wedge, which is
liable to slip away, and employ a small plate recessed out to receive the horizontal
bar, and of such dimensions that it can be dropped onto the horizontal bar and
between the side pieces of the uprights. The recess may be made of a taper form
so that by knocking or pressing the plate onto the horizontal bar it is wedged tight
thereon and between the side or sides of the uprights. By such means the parts
are held firmly in position.
When required in some cases I give a slight convexity to the tightening or
wedging plate, so that it can be dropped into its place without difficulty. By
flattening the plate when in position the parts are held securely together.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SCREENING OR SIFTING GRAIN, SEEDS, OR OTHER LIKE VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Handscombe and Joseph Ellis
Hagger at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th December
1879.
SAMUEL HANDSCOMBE, and JOSEPH ELLIS HAGGER, both of Melbourne, near
Royston, in the County of Cambridge. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
SCREENING OR SIFTING GRAIN, SEEDS, OR OTHER LIKE VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES."
Our Invention relates to that description of apparatus for screening or sifting
grain, seeds, or other like vegetable substances, in which a revolving cage is
employed composed of wire gauze or perforated or reticulated material, the grain,
seeds, or other substances being introduced thereinto and operated upon by the
revolution of the cage, so that the extraneous matters are separated from the
substances under treatment and discharged through the meshes of the cage, whilst
the said substances are delivered at or near the end of the cage in a clean
condition.
In carrying out our Invention as applied to apparatus of this class, we construct
in the interior of the cage a series of pockets or troughs which are attached to the
periphery of the cage so as to extend throughout its length, and are by preference
arranged at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the cage in such a manner that the
grain (for example) to be operated upon delivered into the cage will become
deposited in the said pockets or troughs, and as the cage revolves will be con-
tinuously turned over or displaced so as to facilitate the separation of the dust,
seeds, or other extraneous matters from the grain under treatment.
The cage may be arranged horizontally and driven by a crank handle or from a
prime mover, but we prefer to place it at such an angle that the descent of the
grain introduced into the pockets or troughs at the top will by reason of the
inclined position of the pockets or troughs have the effect of imparting rotatory
motion to the cages. The apparatus is thus rendered automatic, the descent of the
grain giving the required rotatory motion to the cage, whilst the revolution of the
latter in its turn by promoting the displacement of the grain effects the complete
separation of the dust, seeds, or other extraneous matters mixed with it, which are
discharged through the meshes of the cage, the grain being delivered at the lower
end of the cage in a perfectly clean condition.
A strip of leather with metal attachments may be arranged on the outer surface
of the cage so as to form a cleaner if desired.
CONSTRUCTING TRAM WHEELS AND TRAM LINES, APPLICABLE TO ALL ROLLING STOCK
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Squire at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th April 1879.
ALFRED SQUIRE, of 6, Wrotham Road, Camden Road, in the Parish of Saint
Pancras, in the County of Middlesex, Piano-forte Manufacturer.
"CONSTRUCTING TRAM WHEELS AND TRAM LINES, APPLICABLE TO ALL ROLLING
STOCK."
My Invention consists of new tram lines to prevent the skidding or sliding of
other rolling stock and tearing up of vehicles.
Firstly. The rails are made of iron or steel and are fitted on wood or other material
longitudinally, and have a hollow groove in the centre thereof on the top surface,
leaving a space on either side for the wheels of carriage or tram car to bear or run
on, as shewn by accompanying Drawing, marked rail No. 1. The bottom or under
part of rails are of four forms, as shewn by Drawings, marked 1, 2, 3, 4, and
are suitable to the part of country they are intended to be placed, or to the weight
of traffic over them. Drawing, No. 1 shews the lug or ear each side of the rail on
the bottom part thereof to be wedge shaped to fit on to the sleeper, and I apply the
method to all my rails, Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4, as will be seen in the Drawings. When
wood sleepers are used they are compressed to fit the rails on the bottom or
underneath part. By compressing the sleeper you harden and compress its fibre,
and when placed in the ground or road the damp causes it to swell and fit tight;
this will be seen in the Drawing of "compressed wood sleeper." This is not required
in using hard woods.
Secondly. The flange of the tram or carriage wheel is placed in the centre of the
face or running part of tyre, shewn in Drawing marked "tram wheel." It will
be seen that the wheel takes a bearing on both sides of the groove or hollow in
line and running fair in the centre of sleeper and rail or line, thus obviating the
tilting of rail or line which is caused by other vehicles than tram cars running on
side of line or rail as they do at present.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO MAGNETIC INDUCTION APPA- RATUS, AND IN THE MEANS OF NEUTRALIZING INDUCED CURRENTS BY THE AID OF SUCH APPARATUS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Henlade Courtenay at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd September 1879.!
ROBERT HENLADE COURTENAY, of No. 243, New North Road, Islington, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO MAGNETIC INDUCTION APPA-
RATUS, AND IN THE MEANS OF NEUTRALIZING INDUCED CURRENTS BY THE AID OF
SUCH APPARATUS."
According to my present Invention I construct an electro magnetic induction
apparatus as follows:-Four soft iron or soft steel bars are arranged in a square,
so that the ends are respectively in as close proximity to each other as is possible
without actual contact. Upon each bar are mounted two or more bobbins having
each two or more primary and two or more secondary coils, the coils being wound
in such a direction as to give the necessary polarity to the iron cores.
From the above arrangement it will be seen that on making and breaking
contact with a voltaic battery in circuit with the primary coils of all the bobbins
powerful induction will take place at each end of the iron cores, inducing currents in
the secondary coils as though these were being excited by a rotating armature
driven by a separate source of power. The contact breaker can be of any known
arrangement worked by means of extended poles from two of the bars, but for special
applications, such as for electric lighting, a separate electro magnet would be required
for working the conductors and commutators of the indication apparatus. Although
I prefer to employ four iron cores with their bobbins as described, yet a less or
greater number may be used, also a number of such compound apparatus may be
combined to form one large machine. In applying the above described apparatus
for neutralising induced currents generated by means of contiguous conducting wires
or circuits for telegraphic and other purposes, I connect the circuit which it is
desired to render free from the induced currents to the secondary coils of the
apparatus and through them to earth, while the induced currents owing to the well
known fact of their taking the route of the shortest and best conductors, will pass
through earth to the primary coils and battery of the apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING METALS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Thorp and Robert Tasker at
the Office of the Cominissioners of Patents on the 24th December 1879.
THOMAS THORP, of Whitefield, in the County of Lancaster, and ROBERT TASKER,
of Prestwich, in the same County. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING METALS, AND IN
APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Our Invention relates principally to the production of metal castings, and has
for its object to obtain sharper or better defined re-production of the models. To
this end we enclose the mould or moulding box within a chamber, in which a
suitable degree of vacuum can be obtained, and we run in the metal in vacuo and
afterwards adinit air or gas into the chamber. In the apparatus we have devised
for the purpose the moulding box is enclosed within a metal chamber, which is
provided with a lid or door, the meeting surfaces being planed or faced, so that a
suitably air tight joint is obtained when the door is closed, with or without the
interposition of a joint ring or of packing, as preferred, or found to be most
efficient. A shaft to carry a crucible or pot to hold the melted metal passes into
the interior of the chamber, and is provided with handles or with arrangements
for tilting the said crucible or pot. A sight hole closed with glass, or two or more
of such holes, is or are formed in the said door or in any suitable situation in the
walls of the chamber, so that the progress of the running in may be inspected.
The said chamber is connected with a vacuum chamber, in which a degree of
vacuum is produced by means of an air pump or of air pumps, or by other suitable
means. When the arrangements for the running are completed the door of the
moulding chamber is closed and the communication with the vacuum chamber is
opened. The metal is then run into the mould, and air is admitted into the
moulding chamber. We prefer to employ a two-way cock, which, when turned to
shut off the connection with the vacuum chamber, opens a passage for the admission
of air to the moulding chamber. The last named chamber may be large enough to'
contain more than one moulding box. We may connect the said chamber directly
with the air pump, so as to dispense with the vacuum chamber, or employ the air
pump to increase the the tension of the vacuum partly formed by the said vacuum
chamber. In place of the crucible or pot being enclosed within the chamber we
may pour the inetal into a passage leading from the outside to the inside of the
chamber, or into a container communicating with the interior of the chainber, or
with the interior of the mould, the atmospheric pressure forcing the metal into the
chamber or mould, when a plug closing the passage is withdrawn or eased, or when
the passage is otherwise opened.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN PARTS OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Arthur Harrison and Charles
Priestland at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd October
1879.
FREDERIC ARTHUR HARRISON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, and CHARLES PRIESTLAND, of Birmingham aforesaid, Tool Maker.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN PARTS OF UMBRELLAS AND
PARASOLS."
Our Invention relates to the manufacture of the ferrules and caps of umbrellas
and parasols. These parts are made of metal, the ferrule covering the end of the
umbrellas or parasols stick, and the cap covering the junction of the ribs of the
umbrella or parasol with the stick.
The said ferrules and caps are ordinarily manufactured separately, and our
Invention consists in operating upon a blank of sheet metal so as to give it the
shape of a combined ferrule and cap and afterwards dividing the same so as to
separate the part having the figure of a ferrule from that having the figure of a cap.
In making a ferrule and cap according to our Invention we proceed as follows:-
We raise from a blank of sheet brass or other ductile metal or alloy, a tube closed
at one end. This we effect by the raising process well known and commonly
practised called the drawing through process. The closed end of the tube has the
thickness of the original blank while the tube is of much thinner metal. We
operate upon this closed tube by a succession of dies and punches worked in a press
so as to give the tube a conical or taper figure, the open end being of largest
diameter and expanded into a trumpet shape. By the contraction of the closed end
and the action of the dies upon the body of the tube, the metal is forced towards
the closed end of the tube so that that end is much thickened and strengthened the
said dies at the same time giving to the trumpet shaped mouth the figure of an
umbrella or parasol cap. By dividing the combined ferrule and cap in a lathe
or otherwise in a plane at right angles to its axis, the ferrule and cap may be
separated.
Instead however of dividing the combined ferrule and cap, they may be used in
their combined state. In this case the cap and ferrule in the finished umbrella or
parasol form a continuous metallic termination extending from the cap to the end
of the ferrule; that is, the uncovered portion of the stick in umbrellas and parasols
as ordinarily made situated between the ferrule and the cap is, when the combined
ferrule and cap are used, covered with metal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES, PIPES, PAVING BLOCKS, CHIMNEY POTS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Chappell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th January 1879.
THOMAS CHAPPELL, of 173, Blackstock Road, Finsbury Park, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES, PIPES,
PAVING BLOCKS, CHIMNEY POTS, AND OTHER ARTICLES."
This Invention relates to the treatment of clay, chalk, gault, clunch, loam, clay
marl, lime, whiting or ground chalk, sand, gravel, with American potash, potash,
pearlash, English soda, Scotch soda, copperas, acetate of lead, alum, soft soap,
inottled and yellow soap. I mix these ingredients, or some of them together with
water, and by aid of any suitable machinery I produce the articles required, burnt
in the usual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICANTS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Pelham Warren at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd May 1879.
FREDERIC PELHAM WARREN, of Southsea, in the County of Hants, a retired
Captain of the Royal Navy. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICANTS."
Ozokerite or ozokerite pitch mixed with grease or animal or vegetable oil in the
proportion of two thirds of the former to one third of the latter forms a good and
cheap lubricant for the purpose to which grease and oils separately and jointly are
at present applied for reducing friction. The ozokerite requiring a higher tempe-
rature to melt than grease it can be brought to melt at the lower temperature
necessary for lubrication by the admixture of grease or oil, and the temperature at
which the lubricant is required to melt can be regulated by the proportion of grease
or oil added to the ozokerite or ozokerite pitch.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN REELING, WINDING, AND BEAMING YARN
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Smalley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd May 1879.
JOSEPH SMALLEY, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN MEANS AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN REELING, WINDING, AND BEAMING
YARN."
The object of the Invention is to reel, wind, or to beam yarn direct from the
spinning bobbin or spool by the improved means and apparatus hereinafter
described.
According to this my Invention the leading "end" of the yarn as spun and when
being wound upon the spinning bobbin (or upon the spindle, spool, or tube) is left
loose or projecting; the bobbin and yarn or spool tube and yarn are mounted upon
supporting pins and frames in rotation, so that the leading end of one yarn or
"end" may be "twisted" or secured to the finishing "end" of the yarn on the next
spool or bobbin, and so on; the yarn thence passes to the reel bobbin or to the beam,
and when the yarn is wound from the first spool or bobbin, its leading end being
secured to the finishing end, or the portion of yarn last spun and wound upon the
next spool, the yarn from the spool or bobbin number two will be reeled, wound
or beamed, and so on; the loose finishing end of one spool being twisted or con-
nected to the next yarn continues the supply to the reel, bobbin, or beam without
stopping, until the reel, bobbin, or beam, as the case may be, is filled.
When beaming yarn as and by the means and apparatus described, the use of
creel bobbins is obviated and much time is saved.
IMPROVED MEANS OF GENERATING MOTIVE FORCE BY THE COMBINATION OF WATER AND AIR, OR BY THE COMBINATION OF WATER AND GAS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Angelós Nicolaides at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd December 1879.
ANGELÓS NICOLAIDES, of Constantinople, in the Empire of Turkey, Author.
"IMPROVED MEANS OF GENERATING MOTIVE FORCE BY THE COMBINATION OF WATER
AND AIR, OR BY THE COMBINATION OF WATER AND GAS."
An automaton motor in the form of a cylinder constructed of wood, iron, steel, or
other material, and varying in size in proportion to the amount of motive force
required. The outside of the cylinder is formed of a number of chambers, of which
one half are filled with air or gas, and the other half are empty, the air having been
extracted from them. Through the cylinder runs a horizontal spindle or axis, one
end of which is fixed to the bottom of the cylinder, the other end projects through
the top of the cylinder, and is fixed to the machinery to which it is needed to apply
the force generated by the motor. The cylinder is immersed in still water contained
in a specially constructed tank or chamber so that the water covers the entire
cylinder. The specific gravity of the water being so much in excess of that of the
contents of the chambers of the cylinder, the chambers are forced upwards in a
rotating movement, thereby generating the motive force which imparts to the
cylinder the motion and action of a mill-wheel. Several cylinders can be employed,
and those may be on one axis or on separate axes, according to the space at
command. My Invention can be applied to all kinds of industrial machinery, both
marine and on land.
IMPROVED SHIELDS OR APPLIANCES FOR PROTECTING THE HEAD AND FEET OF PIGS IN THE PROCESS OF SINGEING OR DRESSING
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Joseph Martin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd January 1879.
JOHN JOSEPH MARTIN, of New Church Street, in the City of Dublin, Bacon
Curer. "IMPROVED SHIELDS OR APPLIANCES FOR PROTECTING THE HEAD AND FEET
OF PIGS IN THE PROCESS OF SINGEING OR DRESSING."
My Invention consists in an apparatus constructed to cover the head of a
pig immediately after the same been slaughtered, consisting of an iron or other
metallic cover opening on a hinge, and fastened when closed with a clasp.
The said cover is so shaped as a fit on and cover the head of a pig when dead,
and the carcase suspended by a hook from the inner portion of the chin or mouth,
the division or opening of the said cover running from the snout of the pig towards
the body, with a small aperture in the end of the cover covering the extreme end of
the snout. The said cover is lined with one or more folds of felt which cover the
interior of the case. My Invention further consists of four small cylinders made of
sheet iron or other metallic substance, from seven to eight inches long, and closed at
one end; those cylinders are made of a stronger material than the head cover, and
are so formed that each will cover the foot of the carcase of a pig, and when in use.
and undergoing the process of singing are retained in their place by a small hook
attached to the open end of the cylinder.
The manner of using my said Invention consists in first steeping the said several
shields in cold water and in affixing the same on the head and feet of the freshly
slaughtered pig; the carcas is then passed through the singing apparatus, and when
the carcase is singed the shields are immediately removed, when the head and feet
will be found unaffected by the singing of the carcase, and thus leaving them much
more valuable than if so affected in the ordinary way.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR OPERATING COMICAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF PORTRAITS OR OTHER REPRESENTATIONS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Johann Ernst Friedrich Lüdeke at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th May 1879.
JOHANN ERNST FRIEDRICH LÜDEKE, of 1, Roslyn Villas, Clifton Crescent, Peckham,
in the County of Surrey, Gentleman. "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR OPERATING
COMICAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF PORTRAITS OR OTHER REPRESENTATIONS."
This Invention consists of a round thin plate moving on a pin in the centre,
having a spring which has to be wound up by a key or otherwise; on one side
of the plate are four or more portraits, and on the periphery of the plate are four
or more teeth according to the number of the portraits; opposite the teeth a
trigger or anchor is connected to it, to let one tooth after the other pass when
the trigger or anchor is shifted by hand or otherwise.
Before the round on the side where the portraits are is placed the main
portrait upon which the transformations take place. This is done as follows:-
The face of the main portrait is neatly cut out, and the portraits on the round
plate are so arranged as to jump (by the power of the spring whenever the trigger
or anchor is shifted) into that place where the portrait is cut out at such a speed
that the cause of the transformation cannot be observed or discovered by the
spectators who do not know it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LOCKING-UP' THE PAGES IN PRINTING-OFFICES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Brierley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st May 1879. A communication from
abroad by Franz Paul Datterer, of Freising, and Ludwig Datterer, of Munich,
in the Empire of Germany.
WALTER BRIERLEY, of Halifax, in the County of York, Patent Agent and
Consulting Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LOCKING-UP' THE
PAGES IN PRINTING-OFFICES." A communication from abroad by Franz Paul
Datterer, of Freising, and Ludwig Datterer, of Munich, in the Empire of Germany.
This Invention relates to a new and improved apparatus or frame proper to be
employed for locking-up the pages in printing offices, and to fill the place of the
strings beretofore used for this purpose.
My new frame allows a sure and quick locking-up, and is most easily to
manage.
It consists principally in two angles of iron, steel, or any other suitable
material.
One angle is fitted at its two ends with tappets corresponding with slits fitted at
the ends of the other angle.
Those tappets and slits corresponding are disposed parrallel to the diagonal
line of the frame, so that they may be easily pushed together and likewise
separated.
To unite a spontaneous separation of the angles which form the frame there
are two bars applied to the ends of one angle pushed into the corresponding slashes
of the other one.
The closed bars lock-up the pages firmly and exactly adjusted.
The frame may be constructed of any suitable material
A NEW BALANCE COMBINED WITH A NEW METHOD FOR WEIGHING SUBSTANCES OF EVERY KIND
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Gottheil at the Office of tho
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd April 1879. A communication from
Georg Reimann, of Berlin, in the German Empire.
ROBERT GOTTHEIL, of 96, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, W., in the Empire of
Germany, Patent Agent and Civil Engineer. "A NEW BALANCE COMBINED WITH
A NEW METHOD FOR WEIGHING SUBSTANCES OF EVERY KIND." A communication
from Georg Reimann, of Berlin, in the German Empire.
The Invention consists in making the load on the scale-beam constant by fixing
to one end of the beam a constant counterweight corresponding to the maximum
load, while the other end supports one or more scales provided with removable
weights which balance the said fixed counterweight, and of which for the process
of weighing as many weights are removed as are necessary to reestablish the
equilibrium of the balance after the object to be weighed has been added. To
regulate the sensitiveness of the balance a spindle is attached at a right angle to
the centre of the scale beam projecting vertically over the latter and provided with
a nut or hand wheel which may be moved up and down according to the degree of
sensitiveness desired. The scale side of the beam may also be provided with a
screwed spindle and movable nut for adjusting the position of the beam.
The same principle may also be applied to lever balances, where instead of remov-
able weights on a scale an adjustable weight on a lever is used.
The object to be weighed and the movable weights being preferably suspended
from the same point of the beam, but they may be attached to different points.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOES FOR HORSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Welsby and Alfred Griffiths
Greenway at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th September
1879.
JOSEPH WELSBY, of West Derby, in the County of Lancaster, Veterinary Surgeon,
and ALFRED GRIFFITHS GREENWAY, of the same Place, Doctor of Medicine.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOES FOR HORSES."
The object of our Invention is to so construct shoes for horses, of metal and india-
rubber or other gum in combination, that slipping on asphaltic and other pavements,
and on ice or other surfaces is prevented or reduced, and shocks and jars to the legs
and frames of horses are mitigated.
According to one modification we cast or fashion the shoes, usually of iron or
steel, of the desired size and configuration, with a dovetail groove on the treading
surface. Into the said dovetail groove we pass a length or lengths of india-rubber
or gum in such manner that such rubber or gum well fits the groove, projects
beyond the surface of the metal so that the treading surface which first reaches the
ground when in use is elastic, and yet will remain in position.
One device for causing the rubber or gum to well fit the groove and preventing
it from springing out or being forced out, consists in making the rubber or gum of
two qualities, the back being comparatively hard under atmospheric temperature,
but easily softened in a bath of hot water, and the tread or face elastic. Softened
in a bath and passed into position when soft, the chances of the said rubber or gum
springing or working out are remote inasmuch as the hard backing beds itself and
holds or clings to the inclined surfaces of the groove. A feature of special novelty
under this part of our Invention is casting the metal part of the shoes, and in the
casting leaving the holes for the fastening nails. According to another part of our
Invention we take the metal part with the dovetail groove above described, and
having baked a vulcanite or other hard rubber foundation in the groove we
"bake" the elastic rubber to and on the foundation.
An addition to our said shoes consists in placing pieces of copper or other metal
in the rubber or gum so as to increase the durability.