Improvements in or relating to Apparatus and Processes for Cooling and otherwise Treating Fluids.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Feb., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 25th Sept., 1895-Accepted, 1st Feb., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Apparatus and Processes for
Cooling and otherwise Treating Fluids.
I, JOHANN KLEIN, Managing Director, Klein Schanzlin & Becker, Frankenthal,
Rhenish Palatinate (Rheinpfalz) in the Empire of Germany, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The present invention relates to apparatus and processes for cooling and
otherwise treating fluids and consists in improvements effected therein, in the form
and arrangement of the parts, as well as in the process to which the apparatus is
applied.
The "graduation-device" or appliance whereby the body or current of fluid or
fluids passed therethrough is split up into smaller bodies or smaller currents may
be formed of "dividing-bodies" arranged vertically or nearly so one above another,
and whereby the descent of the fluid is so much hindered that it takes a very long
time to pass through them, and on the way is brought as far as possible into
intimate contact with the air-particles.
There may be two three or more "dividing-bodies" one above the other,
according to requirements.
These dividing elements consist of groups of cells, formed of single cooling-walls
constituted by narrow boards or laths, in any desired number arranged close by and
parallel to one another so that between each pair there is an interstitial space. The
separate elements are so arranged that their central planes do not coincide and are
not parallel but form any angle to one another which for instance is a right angle.
Thence it results that on the passing of the air from one element to another, a
re-arrangement of the air particles occurs; and this again at the next element, is
again changed into a fresh arrangement of larger sectional area.
In this way there always a fresh grouping of the air-particles taking place so
that the fluid which trickles down the surface of the strips or laths in fine, thin
streams, is being constantly subjected to the most intimate contact with fresh air-
particles. The arrangement of the cooling walls of strips or laths has also the
further effect of not only allowing the air from beneath to have access to and come
into contact with the fluid particles, but the air also attains free access thereto from
the sides, no matter whence the wind blows.
In order to facilitate the passage of the fluid from the cooling walls of the first
dividing element to those of the next adjoining element, the lowest lath of each
row, which rests upon the uppermost lath of the next set is indented with a saw at
such intervals that each tooth rests upon one of the cooling walls of the next
following dividing element.
The materials for the cooling walls may be various, but in order to increase the
adhesion of the fluid to the walls and produce a thoroughly slow descent of the
fluid over the same, the most favourable material is wood.
In general however it is a matter of importance that the fluid must not run
quickly through, but requires as long a time as possible for that purpose, so
that it may be thoroughly brought into the most intimate contact with the air.
The above-named invention of cooling walls, constructed of boards and laths,

page_text: permits of such a slow and long-delayed passage of the fluid through the dividing
elements.
The combination of the separate cooling walls, all together to form "cell-bundles,"
as well as the fixing of the cell-bundles or dividing elements in place, can be
effected by any desired cross supports, or in any other convenient and suitable
manner.
The entire apparatus can be enclosed in a case or cover though this is not
absolutely necessary..
The case or cover is open at the top and closed at the bottom when the air is
supplied to it by any ventilating fan or other blower; or open at the bottom when
the cooling is effected by natural draught, in which case a chimney-like addition is
superposed for the purpose of strengthening the draught.
The invention comprises also a modification wherein a ventilator fan is introduced
into the lower part of the case, for an artificial cooling-draught.
Abore the uppermost "dividing-clement" there is a receptacle or channel into
which a current of fluid is in any way introduced. By distributing pipes the fluid
is thence led to the separate cooling walls down which it finds its way very slowly,
owing to the great surface-adhesion as well as to the mode of construction of the
cooling walls by means of laths placed a sinall distance apart.
At the bottom of the walls, the water is conveyed by the dentated edge to the
next cell-bundle." It results from its protracted and lengthy journey, through
the whole series that the fluid, without any crossing or interruption of the air-
draught laterally upwards and alongside of it, is brought into such intimate
communion and contact therewith, that it is completely cooled when it leaves the
last of the dividing elements.
The fluid thus cooled may be collected and disposed of, below the outlet in any
desired manner.
The application of this graduating apparatus is not limited to any particular
fluid, but is capable of being used for fluids of very different kinds and natures;
while simultaneously with the cooling action, any desired chemical effect or other
influence can also be exercised.
This is to be done by mixing with or impregnating the air, which is allowed or
caused to flow in an upward current through the entire apparatus, with any
oxidising or reducing gases, or others adapted for the purpose in view, so that
these may act upon the said fluid and bring about rapidly the chemical changes
intended, by reason of the above specified intimate admixture of the air or other
fluid and liquid particles.
Thus, e.g. we may constitute alkaline chlorates, by causing solutions of alkalis or
of alkaline carbonates to flow through the apparatus in one direction and passing
there through an upward current of chlorine gas; and so with numerous similar
cases.
The necessary elevation of temperature due to the chemical actions and reactions
is practically inoperative, because the air mixed with the gas has ample powers of
absorbing the excess of heat.
Finally it is to be remarked that in such cases where the nature of the fluid
involves such a result the casing-walls may be entirely dispensed with and the
dividing elements left free and entirely exposed to the open air.
Dated this 4th day of February 1895.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: in general, however, it is a matter of importance that the fluid should not run
quickly through, but should take as long a time as possible for that purpose, so that
it may be thoroughly brought into the most intimate contact with the air in the
apparatus. The above-named invention of cooling walls constructed of boards and
laths, permits of the desired slow and long-delayed passage of the fluid through the
dividing elements.
The combination of the separate cooling walls, all together to form elements or
"cell-bundles," as well as the fixing of the cell-bundles or elements in place, can
be effected by any desired cross-supports, or in any other convenient and suitable
manner.
The entire apparatus can be enclosed in a case or cover E though this is not
absolutely necessary.
The case or cover E is open at the top and closed at the bottom when the air is
supplied to it by any ventilating fan or other blower; or open at the bottom when
the cooling is effected by natural draught, in which case a chimney-like addition E'
is superposed for the purpose of strengthening the draught (Figure 4).
In Figures 6 and 7 is shown a modification wherein a ventilator-fan F is provided
at the lower part of the case, for an artificial cooling-draught.
Above the uppermost "dividing element" A there is a receptacle or channel G
(shown only in Figures 1, 2 and 4) into which a current of fluid is in any way
introduced. By distributing pipes H the fluid is thence led to the separate cooling
walls B down which it finds its way very slowly, owing to the great surface-adhesion
as well as to the mode of construction for the cooling walls, by means of laths placed
a small distance apart.
At the bottom of the walls, the water is conveyed by the dentated edge to the
next "cell-bundle" A¹. It results, from its protracted and lengthy journey, through
the whole series that the fluid, without any crossing or interruption of the air-
draught laterally, upwards and alongside of it, is brought into such intimate
communion and contact therewith, that it is completely cooled when it leaves the
last of the dividing elements.
The fluid thus cooled may be collected and disposed of, below the outlet, in any
desired manner.
The application of this graduating cooling apparatus is not limited to any
particular fluid, but is capable of being used for fluids of very different kinds and
natures; while, simultaneously with the cooling action, any desired chemical effect
or other influence can also be exercised.
This is to be done by mixing with or impregnating the air, which is allowed or
. caused to flow in an upward current through the entire apparatus, with any
oxidising or reducing gases, or others adapted for the purpose in view, so that
these may act upon the said fluid and bring about rapidly the chemical changes
intended, by reason of the above-specified intimate admixture of the air or other_
fluid and liquid particles.
Thus, e.g., we may constitute alkaline chlorates, by causing solutions of alkalis or
of alkaline carbonates to flow through the apparatus in the one direction and
passing therethrough an upward current of chlorine gas; and so with numerous
similar cases.
The necessary elevation of temperature due to the chemical actions and reactions
is practically inoperative, because the air mixed with the gas has ample powers of
absorbing the excess of heat.
Finally, it is to be remarked, that in such cases, where the nature of the fluid
involves such a result, the casing-walls E may be entirely dispensed with, and the
dividing elements left free and entirely exposed to the open air.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. An apparatus for cooling and otherwise treating fluids provided with natural

page_text: or ventilating or any other draught and consisting of two or more upright or nearly
upright dividing elements placed over each other and constructed of separate
cooling-walls consisting of strips of board or laths, laid in close proximity one
above the other, so that the air has free access to them on all sides, and the fluid
descends only very slowly, the entire apparatus being if necessary enclosed in
a case.
2. Apparatus of the kind described in Claim 1, wherein the cooling walls of each
dividing element are arranged parallel to one another while the planes of the walls
of any two adjacent dividing elements are not parallel but form an angle to one
another, so that, as the air passes upwards from one element to the next following
element, a division and rearrangement of the air-currents takes place, so that fresh
particles of air strike continually against every part of the cooling walls.
3. Apparatus of the kind made known in Claim 1, wherein the air, which effects
the cooling down of the fluid, is mixed with chemically active or powerfully
absorbent gases, for the purpose, in addition to the cooling, of effecting at the same
time a chemical change in the same, such as oxidation, reduction or other.
4. Apparatus of the kind set forth in Claim 1 wherein the lowest board or lath
of each cooling wall in each dividing element or cell-bundle is dentated after the
manner of a saw, for the purpose of conveying the fluid to the cooling walls of the
next element.
5. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting a complete apparatus
for cooling and otherwise treating fluids substantially as hereinbefore described
and illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3 or 4 and 5 or 6 and 7 of the accompanying
drawings.
6. The process of mixing with descending streams of fluid matter other streains
of fluid substantially as herein before described.
stamhan 1005
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.