Improvements in Machines for Crushing or Pulverizing Ores and other Substances.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Jan., 1890-Accepted, 15th Feb., 1890
COMELDIN DIDUIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by Stephen Ruben Krom, of Plainfield, New Jersey,
United States of America, Manufacturer.]
Improvements in Machines for Crushing or Pulverizing Ores and
other Substances.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co. Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to machines for crushing and pulverizing ores and other
substances.
Machines for crushing or pulverizing rock and ores, have been made in substantially
the following manner.
Upon a suitable bed or base were mounted two sets of pillow-blocks, one set being
movable with respect to the other. In these pillow-blocks were mounted the shafts
of the two crushing rolls. The bolts passing through the stationary pillow-blocks
were provided with suitable nuts and combined with adjustable spiral springs and
connected with the movable or pivoted pillow-blocks with the capability of adjusting.
and limiting the movement or play of the roll carried thereby with respect to the roll.
mounted in stationary bearings.
For the purpose of enclosing the crushing rolls a housing, partly of iron and
partly of wood, has been built up around the rolls and secured to the bed plate, and
a hopper provided for conveying to the rolls, the ore or rock to be crushed.
The machine which forms the subject of the present invention is, in so far as the
principle of operation is concerned, substantially like those described, but in certain
particulars of construction it presents important differences. Those reside mainly in
the following improvements.
:
Firstly The previous machines were built up of a number of parts more numerous
than I now use.
The portion of the machine constituting the bed or frame of the
prior machines was cast in separate parts, bolted together, while in my present
machine I cast the stationary pillow-blocks, the bearings for the pivoted pillow-blocks
and a portion of the iron housing all in one piece with the bed plate, and bolt to this.
solid casting, the remaining metallic portion of the housing. This construction secures
special advantages in this class of machines, for it does away to a large extent with
the bolts and nuts used to connect the various parts, which in a machine like this,
subjected to tremendous jars and strains are very liable to loosen and wear unevenly.
It gives the machine greater rigidity and stability and cheapens the cost of its
construction.
Secondly In the previous machines the tie bolts for adjusting the movable roll were
provided near their middle with collars, and passed through cylinders in the stationary
pillow-blocks against the end of which cylinders the collars abutted. The ends of the
tie bolts carried adjusting nuts, and between abutments on the stationary pillow-
blocks and the nuts on the ends of the bolts extending through the same were arranged
a series of stout springs. By means of the said nuts the tension of the springs was
increased or diminished as circumstances required, but as an adjustment of the rolls
and springs was frequently required and could only be obtained by the application of
a power sufficient to overcome the tension of all the springs, their use was attended
with much difficulty and trouble.
In lieu of this arrangement I now connect the ends of the tie-bolts to the movable
pillow-blocks, whether sliding or swinging, and pass over the ends of the tie-bolts
that extend through the stationary pillow-blocks cushions composed of two heads

page_text: connected by a number of bolts which are surrounded by spiral springs. These
cushions are held in place by nuts on the ends of the main tie-bolts.
These features will be described more in detail with reference to the accompanying
drawings, in which
Figure 1 is a view of my improved crusher in side elevation, the housing being in
section.
Figure 2 is an end view with a portion of the housing removed.
Figure 3 is a top plan view of the frame.
Figure 4 is a side elevation of the same.
Figure 5 is an end view of the tension device or spring cushion.
Figure 6, is a sectional view of the same, showing the manner of its application to
the tie-bolts.
A is the bed plate or base of the frame of the machine. The stationary pillow-
blocks CC, and the side plates of the housing D, are cast in one piece with said bed-
plate as indicated in Figure 4. This produces a compact and strong structure which
adds materially to the value of the machine. The bearings a for the swinging pillow-
blocks and a¹ for the shaft of one of the crushing rolls are centered and cut in the
solid casting.
F is one of the swinging-pillow-blocks and G the roll mounted therein. H is the
other roll mounted on the stationary pillow-blocks C C and which is driven by the
large driving wheel H¹.
The smaller wheel I, is secured to the shaft of the roll G, to keep up the movement
of the said roll in order to insure the proper crushing action of the machine when
quartz or ore is fed to the rolls.
B is a metal housing which is secured to the main frame and encloses the roll G
on the swinging or pivoted pillow-blocks. E is also an iron housing secured to the
main frame. K K is a cover or housing, preferably composed of wood, which is
placed upon the iron housings already described.
M is the hopper secured by bolts to the side plates of the iron housing. It
contains two inclined chutes L L which deliver the quartz or other material to the
crushing rolls.
NN are the tie bolts. They are pivoted at one end to the swinging pillow-blocks
and their other ends extend through that portion of the casting forming the stationary
pillow-blocks.
00¹ are two heads or plates with central perforations through which pass the tie-
bolts, and with a number of perforations near their peripheries through which pass
small bolts P P. Spiral springs R surround the bolts P and their degree of com-
pression is regulated by nuts that screw on their ends.
I also surround the main tie-bolts N with a spiral spring between the two heads O
and O' as shown in Figure 6 and I prefer to make this spring somewhat stouter than
the others, so that it is capable of withstanding a greater strain.
One of these cushions is fitted over the projecting end of each tie-bolt N, together
with nut T, and their purpose and the mode of adjusting them is as follows.
To adapt the machine for use the springs R are compressed to the desired extent
by turning up the nuts p on bolts P P and bringing up the pivoted pillow-blocks by
advancing the nut T until the rolls are secured at the desired distance apart.
Under these conditions a practically rigid connection between the two sets of
pillow-blocks is maintained. Should a lump of ore or some foreign substance find
its way between the rolls that the usual pressure is not sufficient to crush, the
springs R will yield, the head O₁ being drawn up, sliding over the bolts P and the
bolts N will be drawn through the pillow-block C to relieve the pressure. The
tension of the springs is adjusted so that only an extraordinary strain upon them will
cause their further perceptible compression.
In the operation of the machine, the wear upon the rolls is very severe so that
frequent adjustments of their positions are required. To make these adjustments, the
nuts T are turned up to shorten the tie-bolts.

page_text: An adjustment of the tension of the springs R may be effected by tightening up
the bolts P, one at a time, with the application of much less force than would be
required to compress them simultaneously by the one large nut T.
By the construction devised by me and above described, several important results
are secured. It will be understood from the character of the work to be performed by
the machine, that the strain upon it is enormous, which strain effects certain portions
of the machine more than others. But by casting in one piece all those portions
upon which the strain mainly falls, I obviate the consequences of jarring and uneven
straining and greatly prolong the life of the machine as a whole. The entire frame-
work of the machine it will be observed has this distinguishing feature, that the parts
will bear the jars and strains incident to the crushing of the ore are formed of a single
piece of solid metal while the remaining metal portions which are not so affected, but
which go to complete the frame work or basis for the superstruction or housing are
bolted to the solid portions.
With respect to the devices for adjusting the rolls great advantages are gained by
my improvements. The spring cushions for the tie-bolts in machines of this kind
must be capable of withstanding a strain of perhaps twenty or thirty tons. So that
to merely loosen a single nut against which such a pressure is exerted has heretofore
required special tools and the application of a greater force than it is often practicable
to obtain.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to me by
my foreign Correspondent I declare that what I claim is :-
:-
First. The combination in an ore crusher of the kind described, with the solid
casting formed with the stationary pillow-blocks, the bearings for the pivoted pillow-
blocks, the side plates D and the bed-plate of the metal housing B bolted to the solid
casting, as herein set forth.
Second. The combination in an ore-crusher of the kind described, with a solid
casting formed with stationary pillow-blocks, bearings for swinging-pillow-blocks, side
plates and a bed-plate, of the metal housing B and end plate E bolted to the casting
and forming an enclosed support, as set forth.
Third. In an ore-crusher, the combination with the crushing rolls and adjustable
tie-bolts connecting the movable supports of one roll to a fixed portion of the machine,
of a cushion for each of said tie-bolts for receiving the strain upon the same, and
composed of heads with intermediate spiral springs and bolts for securing the heads
together and provided with nuts whereby the distance between the heads and the con-
sequent tension of the springs may be varied by the independent adjustment of the
nuts on the bolts, as set forth.
Fourth. In an ore-crushing machine, the combination with the rolls, one mounted
in stationary and the other in pivoted or swinging pillow-blocks, and adjustable tie-
bolts passing through the stationary and connected to the pivoted pillow-blocks, of an
independently adjustable spring cushion for each tie-bolt and composed of the
perforated heads O, O' the connecting bolts P and spiral springs surrounding the
bolts, as set forth.
1
P +
1000
d this 14th day of January 1000.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.