IMPROVE-. MENTS IN THE COMBUSTION OF FUEL, AND IN APPLYING THE HEAT SO OBTAINED
Year: 1847

page_text: COAD'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME,
COME, I, RICHARD
COAD, of Kennington, Surrey, Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-fifth day of
November, One thousand eight hundred and forty-seven, in the eleventh year.
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant. unto
me, the said Richard Coad, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, Her especial
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Richard Coad,.
my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Richard Coad, my
exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,.
Wales, and the Town of Berwick upon Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVE-.
MENTS IN THE COMBUSTION OF FUEL, AND IN APPLYING THE HEAT SO OBTAINED;" in
which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Richard
Coad, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Richard Coad, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say :-
My Invention consists of improvements in the construction of furnaces for
the better combustion of fuel, and for applying the heat so obtained. And in
order that my İnvention may be most fully understood, and readily carried into
effect, I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a front section of a furnace constructed according to my
Invention, applied to a.steam boiler. Figure 2 is a side section of the same.
Figure 3 shows a plan in section of the same; and Figure 4 a plan thereof. In
each of these Figures the same letters indicate similar parts. In this arrange-
ment there are two furnaces a and b, divided by an air chamber c, the fire
brick or suitable stone d, d, which form the partitions between the air chamber c
and the furnaces, being perforated as shewn, for supplying the two fires with
heated air above the fuel under combustion, the air being supplied by 'an
opening e to the chamber c, or by other convenient means, and it will be evident
that the air, before it can arrive into the furnaces, will' have become highly
heated, owing to having to pass through the highly heated fire brick of the parti-
tions d; d; and therefore the oxygen will be in a better condition to combine
with the products of the fuel not already ignited, and when desired steam may
also be admitted into the air chamber by the pipe f. It will be seen that the
fire is enclosed at all parts by reticulate partitions g, g, similar to those through
which the air passes from the air chamber and the upper part of the furnace,
and these partitions and upper part of the furnaces made of perforated fire
brick, lump, or stone will at all times be highly heated, and cause all the
products of the fuel to be ignited before passing away from the furnace. I have
in the Drawings shewn the particular formation of the perforations of the fire
brick which I prefer. I would, however, state that the shape of the perfora-
tions may be varied. h, h, are the fire doors; i, i, the ash pits; i, j, are the
fire bars. I would remark that it has heretofore been proposed, in constructing
furnaces, to have the sides so arranged as to admit both cold and heated air to
the furnace, and I mention this fact in order to state that I do not claim the
same, and the peculiarity of this part of my Invention consists in causing a
furnace to be so arranged that the heat and flame shall pass through numerous

page_text: openings through fire brick,, as explained, so as to ensure the whole of the
products evolved from the fuel being ignited. It will be seen that by having
the perforated partitions at the sides of the furnaces, and also at the end as well
as at the top, the heat passes off laterally as well as at the end, and upwards
through the top, and then acts on the boiler. I have in the Drawings shewn
the furnaces to be fed with feeding apparatus such as is well known; I do not
therefore make any claim. thereto.. I have in the Figures of the Drawings
above. referred to shewn a convenient construction of tubular steam boiler,
which may be used with the furnaces above described. I do not, however,
make any claim thereto, nor have I thought it necessary to shew the several
parts of such boiler, the-same being well understood. It is not necessary in
each case that two furnaces should be combined together,, as shewn in the
Figures of the Drawings, above described, as single, furnaces may be made
according to this part of my Invention. Figure 5 shews a plan in. section of
a single furnace constructed according to this part of my Invention, the air
chainber being, in front as shewn, and there are reticulate partitions of fire
brick, lump, or suitable stone, through which the heat and flame passes on
either side, as well as at the end and top, which parts are to be constructed as
described in respect to the like parts in the previous Figures, except that the
fire brick top will require to be arched, instead of flat, as in the former instance.
Figure 6 shows a front view, Figure 7 a transverse section, and Figure 8 a
longitudinal section of an arrangement of furnace for those constructions of
steam boilers where the fire-place is within the boiler. The boiler shewn in
these Figures is cylindrical, but this may.be varied. This arrangement.of
furnace, so far as its reticulate character, is similar to the ones previously
described; it differs only in shape. The same letters of reference are used to
indicate similar parts, and the description above given will apply to the present
Figures.
The second part of my Invention consists of an improvement in the con-
struction of reverberatory furnaces used in the manufacture of iron and other
purposes. Figure 9 shows a longitudinal section; Figure 10 a. plan in
section; Figure 11, a transverse section; Figure 12, a front view; and Figure
13 a side elevation, of a reverberatory furnace suitable for puddling iron, and
the fire-place is constructed according to this second part of my Invention.
The fire is fed by a hopper as shewn, and the fire-place is. within an air
chamber k, their being openings 1, 1, from the air chamber through the parti-
tions or sides and front of the furnace m, by which air passes into, the fire:
place above the fire bars n. The air chamber may be supplied by air flowing
through the pipe o, or heated or cold air may be forced by suitable blowing

page_text: apparatus into the air chamber through the pipe o. The bridge p is made
hollow in order to the same being kept cool, as is well understood, and the
other parts of the furnace are of the ordinary construction. And I would
remark in respect to this part of my Invention that I am aware that in
numerous classes of furnaces heated and cold air has before been allowed to
flow in from the sides above and the fire bars. I do not therefore claim such
an arrangement of furnace generally, this part of my Invention being confined
to reverberatory furnaces, and it is only in respect to the application of this
principle of construction to reverberatory, furnaces that I make any claim of
novelty.
I will now describe the third part of my Invention. Figure 14 shows a
front view; Figure 15, a plan in section; and Figure 16 a vertical section, of
a stove or fire-place constructed according to this part of my Invention. The
object of this arrangement is more conveniently to heat water to be circulated
in any suitable apparatus at a distance than has heretofore been done. Figure
17 shows an apparatus such as I prefer to employ for circulating hot water to
give heat to air, and consequently to a room in which such apparatus may be
placed. q is an ordinary fire-place or stove. r, r, are upright bars of fire clay
or of stone or iron, or there might be a back of fire clay or iron having
numerous holes through it, the object being that the ignited fuel should not
come against the water tubes s, s, by which arrangement the bars or back r of
iron or of fire clay will tend to keep the fuel better ignited than would be the
case if the fuel rested against the tubes. t, t, are water vessels, which are con-
nected by the tubes 8, 8, and to these vessels t, t, are affixed the circulating
pipes v, v, which conducts the water to and from the apparatus, Figure 17, or
to any other apparatus of a similar kind. w is a back, perforated with nume-
rous small holes in order that air may pass through and aid combustion in
respect to the products which might otherwise pass away unconsumed. v¹ is a
damper below the water vessels. w is a chamber in the chimney. a is an
internal flue. .
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that I do not confine
myself to the details herein described, so long as the peculiar character of either
part of my Invention be retained. But what I claim is,-
First, the mode of constructing furnaces herein described in respect to
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, whereby the heat and flame is caused to pass
through numerous openings formed at the sides and top of the furnaces.
Secondly, I claim the mode of constructing reverberatory furnaces for the
manufacture of iron and other purposes, whereby numerous streams of air are