Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Sept., 1886.
Complete Left, 27th June, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 12th Aug., 1887.
I JAMES YATE JOHNSON of 47 Lincoln's Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to that class of machines where the nails are forged from a
bar or rod heated in a furnace carried by the frame, and where the bar or rod is fed
through the furnace to the dies by mechanism operating automatically.
Its principal objects are to provide for the forging of the nail blank by a series of
graduated blows delivered simultaneously by the roller hanımer and side dies; to
permit the blank to be cut off at a point below the dies and clear of the anvil. To
ensure the positive and accurate feeding of the nail rod to the dies at proper intervals;
to produce a machine the parts of which are entirely automatic in their action,
capable of being run at a high rate of speed, and one which will be free from the evil
effects of scale.
In this machine, a specific number of blows, graduated in their impact upon the
sides and top of the blank, are first delivered, then a specific number of fixed or
non-graduated blows are given, after which the rod having the forged nail upon its
end is carried down to a point below the side dies and to one side of the anvil and
the nail cut off;-with the hammer and dies still moving, a fresh length of rod is
automatically fed forward and raised to the first position and the forging of another
nail proceeded with.
The principal features of the machine are as follows :-
A suitable frame carries a roller shaft and a cam shaft arranged transversely therein
and properly geared together, the driving pulley being preferably mounted on the
former. Immediately underneath the roller shaft there is a stationary die, and a
moving die which form or shape the sides of the nail blank-the top of the blank
being acted upon by a small roller carried on the periphery of the rollers shaft.
The anvil proper is carried by a swinging or vertically oscillating anvil frame pivotted

page_text: to a standard of the frame to the rear of and above the centre of the roller shaft,
the anvil proper coming immediately under the roller hammer and supporting the
blank while the blows are being struck, and the front end of the said anvil frame is
acted upon by a cam or cams, mounted on the cam shaft, and the anvil thereby caused
to rise against the nail blank by a series of gradations, and thus provide for blows of
different impact being given by the roller hammer.
The moving side die is carried by a hammer or head mounted on a vibrating arm
pivotted on a short vertical spindle journalled in the main frame to the rear of the
roller shaft, and this side hammer has a ball and socket connection with one arm of
a bell crank lever which is mounted upon one end of an eccentric shaft journalled in
the frame at right angles to the roller and cam shafts. A pitman eccentrically mounted
on the roller shaft actuating this bell crank through a ball and socket connection at
its other arm.
The other end of the eccentric shaft carries a lever the end of which
(a small friction roller being interposed) is acted upon by a cam on the cam shaft,-
and the shape of this cam regulates the graduation of blows delivered by the side
die, the oscillation of the eccentric shaft serving to adjust the striking position of
the bell crank lever, and thus regulate the throw of the moving side die.
The end of the nail rod is carried by a nose piece or guide having a releasing
spring attached thereto so as to raise the blank clear of the dies between the blows,
and this nose piece is mounted on the end of a lever passing the front of the dies and
extending along the side of the machine over the frame being pivotted to another
lever which is in turn pivotted to the framing, small friction rollers being provided on
each which bear against cams carried on the extreme end of the cam shaft. The
action of these cams upon the said levers cause the nose piece or guide to descend
and at the same time move slightly to one side bringing the forged blank into
position clear of the swinging anvil and beneath the dies to be cut off.
Said cams
are also so shaped as to cause a continual oscillation of the lover carrying the nose
guide and consequent freeing of the blank after each stroke as the operation of forging
proceeds.
Upon the front of the bed carrying the stationary side die is affixed the lower
stationary cutter. The top cutter is of bell crank shape, and is pivotted to the rear
part of the frame, the arm which forms the cutter proper extends forward close
alongside of the anvil underneath the dies, its end just clearing the edge of the
bottom cutter when it is brought down; the other arm of this top cutter extends
downward and forms connection with a rod running forward to and being operated by
a cam on the cam shaft.
The devices for feeding the nail rod forward to the dies, consist of a fixed standard
carried by the frame at the front of the machine and a rocking or oscillating standard
adjacent thereto, both standards carrying vertically moving gripping bars adapted to
descend at proper intervals and grip and hold the nail rod which rests upon projections
formed on said standards. These gripping bars are retained upon the rod by springs
encircling same within the standards and are raised by a system of levers acted upon
by cams carried by the main cam shaft, and a like system is employed to give the
proper oscillation to the rocking standard at the proper intervals.
Simultaneously with the rising of the nose guide after a blank has been cut off
below the dies, the rocking standard is thrown forward (its gripping bar being down
upon the nail rod) and a fresh length forced between the dies, the gripping bar in
the fixed standard then coming down and holding the nail rod while the new blank is
being forged.
Shortly before the blank is finished the oscillating standard falls back its gripping
bar rising meanwhile previous to taking a fresh grip upon the rod.
1000
J. HENRY JOHNSON,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Forging Horse Shoe Nails.
I JAMES YATE JOHNSON of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention which has been com-
municated to me from abroad by Charles Rice Ellacott of the City of Montreal in
the District of Montreal and Province of Quebec, Canada Foreman in Horse Shoe
nail Factory and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This Invention relates to that class of machines by which the nails are forged from a
rod heated in a gas or similar furnace carried by the frame and where the rod is fed
through the furnace to the dies by mechanism operating automatically.
The improvements consist mainly in novel devices and arrangements for feeding
the rod to the roller and dies, for delivering graduated blows upon the nail blank at
sides and top, and for cutting off the forged blank at a point underneath the dies and
clear of the anvil; but the invention embodies other improved features of construction
and novel combinations of parts all of which are hereinafter described.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood I shall now proceed
more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to the several
figures on the annexed sheets of drawings the same letters of reference indicating
corresponding parts in all the figures.
Figure 1 represents a plan of the improved horse shoe nail forging machine;
Figure 2 a side elevation of same, partly broken away; Figure 3 a transverse vertical
section on line XX figure 1; Figure 4 a sectional front view of devices for operating
side die; Figure 5 a detail of the cam for causing side die to deliver graduated blows;
Figure 5a detail of eccentric shaft used therewith; Figure 6 a sectional detail front
view of swing anvil its connections and operating cam; Figure 7 a sectional detail
side view illustrating top cutter and parts immediately associated therewith; Figure 8
a detail view looking at front end of machine illustrating feeding device;
Figures 9, 10 and 11 details of cams for operating same; Figures 12 and 13 detail
views of nose piece, or guide, and Figure 14 a detail plan of dies and cutters showing
forged blank when about to be moved into position to be cut off.
The machine thus illustrated and now about to be described in detail is so geared
and constructed that there shall be eleven revolutions of the roller shaft to one of the
cam shaft; first five revolutions of the former representing five graduated blows of the
roller hammer upon the blank (the first of which strikes the extreme end of the rod
fed forward at the time of said first revolution) the next three revolutions, three
successive non-graduated blows on the blank and the last three revolutions are made
while the blank is being carried down and cut off.
This arrangement is the one preferred but it is obvious that the number of blows
may be varied by altering the gearing and changing the size and configuration of the cams.
A is the frame of suitable weight and configuration carrying the furnace (not
shown) over the space between the feeding devices and the dies, which frame is pro-

page_text: vided with suitable legs or supports. B is the roller shaft journalled in standards a, a,
projecting upwards from the frame A the said shaft carrying at one end the driving
pulley b and a pinion b¹ gearing with a spur wheel e fast on the main or cam shaft Č
which is journalled in bearings at the underside of the frame A and arranged to rotate
in a line parallel with the roller shaft B.
The shaft B carries the roller hammer B₁ on the periphery of which is a single
small striking roller b³. A pitman B2 is also carried eccentrically by the shaft B
between the roller B¹ and one of the standards of the machine. The lower end of
this pitman is connected by a ball and socket joint (shewn by dotted lines in Figure 4)
with one arm of a bell crank lever D which works on an eccentric shaft E journalled
in a suitable box e in the frame A at one side thereof and at right angles to the trans-
verse shafts B and C. The other and vertical end of the bell crank lever D is also
furnished with a socket and is connected by a short rod d (provided with a ball at
both ends) with the side hammer F which has also a socket to receive the other end of
said rod.
The side hammer F carries the moving side die f which is secured on its upper side,
the said side hammer being supported on the end of a vibrating arm F¹ which extends
backwards and has its rear end pivotted on a short vertical spindle F journalled in a
projection a¹ of the frame A,
The position of the side die is immediately under the centre of the roller shaft B
and it moves in the direction of the length of the said shaft. The stationary side
die is in line with the moving die fand is secured upon a bed or projection a² cast
in one with or secured to the frame A ; close to one of the standards a. A screw f
passes through said standard for adjusting the said stationary side die longitudinally.
G is the anvil which is dovetailed or otherwise secured to a swinging anvil frame G¹
of somewhat the shape shown in Figure 6, its rear end being curved upwards and
pivotted, as shown at G2 at a point above and to the rear of the roller shaft B to a
standard a cast in one with or bolted to the frame A. The forward end of the anvil
frame G¹ is by preference bifurcated to ensure perfectly steady motion, and its two
arms g¹ g² are furnished with small rollers g³ 9 which work on cams c* c carried by
the main shaft C hereinafter more particularly referred to.
Between the anvil frame G₁ and the vibrating arm of the moving die is the top
cutter H which is somewhat of a bell crank shape and is pivotted to lugs at on the
frame A.
One arm or that which forms the cutter proper is practically horizontal and works
close up to the side of the swinging anvil, it extends forward directly under the dies
while the other arm h¹ is vertical and its lower end is pivotted to a horizontal rod h*
running forward towards the main shaft C, at which forward end it is provided with
a small roller ³ which works against a cam on such shaft. The forward end of this
rod h² is supported by a short bifurcatid hanging rod / which is pivotted thereto and
also to the frame A as clearly indicated in Figure 7.
H' is a spring fixed to the frame A and pressing against the arm h² to keep the
roller always against its cam.
I is the bottom cutter (see Figure 4) fixed to the front of the bed a³ just forward
of, but below the stationary die, in such position that the end of the moving top
cutter just clears it in descending.
The improved devices for gripping and feeding the rod are shown clearly in
Figures 1, 2 and 8. They are so constructed and combined with the operating
mechanism that there shall be one device to feed the rod forward, gripping it mean-
while, and one to come into action after the feed has been accomplished and hold the
rod firmly while the nail is being forged.
An extension A of the frame A is provided at the front end and upon this exten-
sion bearings are provided for two short shafts i¹ the outer ends of which have fixed
to them depending links or arms to which are pivotted horizontal rods
extending towards the cam shaft C and provided with small rollers which bear
upon cams mounted on said shaft.
The inner ends of the shafts have rigid projecting fingers
which work

page_text: against the feet j j¹ of vertical bars the former of which slides in a way formed
in a standard J on the extension A' and the latter in a similar standard K carried on
a rock shaft k journalled in said extension.
The vertical bars have their top ends turned over and forked so as to partly
encircle the collers or nuts fastened on the upper ends of the gripping bars J¹ K¹
which work vertically in ways formed in the standards J and K. Coiled springs J'
encircle these gripping bars as seen in Figure 2 and are so connected therewith as to
keep the said bars firmly down upon the nail rod, which rests upon projections j
cast in one with the standards. These springs also serve to keep the rollers close
up to their cams. Upon the standard K is usually secured a guide or eye k¹ through
which the nail rod is passed. 18 are caps screwed down upon the springs within
the standards and serve to regulate their tension, and the collars or nuts can be
adjusted so as to regulate the height of the gripping bars, which may, for the
introduction of the rod, be raised by any suitable levers or eccentrics instead of by
hand.
The rock shaft k has a downwardly projecting arm 3 to which is pivotted a
horizontal rod k provided (as in the case of the rods ) with a small roller which
works against a cam on the shaft C.
K' is an adjustable screw or stop passing through the arm k and abutting against
the frame of the extension A³. This is for the purpose of regulating the length of
the throw of the oscillating standard K. and thus providing for a variation in feeding
forward the nail rod should such be required.
Upon the side of the standard J I affix a spring K³ the loose end of which presses
against the standard K giving the necessary tension and keeping the roller close
up to its operating cam. K is a guide by which the rods and are supported
near their forward ends.
The main shaft C carries the cams which I will now describe.
care the cams for operating against the roller on the outer ends of the
rods the opposite ends of which rods are connected respectively to the shafts i i¹
which are provided with arms 18 for raising the gripping bars of the feeding
devices.
c is a cam or tappet on the shaft C for oscillating through the rod k* and arm k³
the rock shaft k to effect the feeding of the nail rod forward to the dies.
The cams c and c which act upon the rollers g³ g at the ends of the arms g₁ g³ of
the swinging anvil frame G₁ cause the anvil carried thereby to rise in a series of
successive graduations thereby causing graduated blows to be delivered upon the nail
blank. One of these cams (both of which are of the same shape) is shown in side
view in Figure 6.
The cam con the shaft C acts upon the roller h³ (figure 7) and through the rod h³
and bell crank H connected therewith causes the top cutter to descend to cut off the
forged nail.
is a cam on the shaft C for giving motion to the side die to deliver graduated
blows upon the blank. Points numbered from 1 to 11 as shewn in Figure 5 are
marked on the face of the disc to indicate the different positions it assumes in relation
to the mechanism connected therewith during the successive revolutions of the roller
shaft. This cam acts upon a small roller on the outer end of the lever L and is kept
in contact with the Cam by a spring attached at one end to the arm and at its
opposite end to the frame A. The opposite end of this lever L is bent upwards and
fixed in that end of the eccentric shaft E which is opposite to the journal of the bell
crank lever D herein before referred to. This eccentric shaft is shown detached in
Figure 5*.
Upon the extreme end of the shaft C and preferably outside of the frame A are
mounted two cams M. N. the former being shaped on its periphery and the latter upon
its face as seen clearly in Figures 2 and 3.
O is an arm or lever pivotted at o to the extension A' on the frame A and extending
along the front of the frame approximately parallel thereto. On this arm is affixed or
cast another arm O' nearly at right angles thereto carrying at its forward end a small

page_text: roller O which works against the face of the cam N and retained in contact therewith
by a spring 03. Pivotted to a lug or projection 01 on the arm O is another lever P
extending forward over the cam M and bent around in front of the dies as shewn in
figures 1, 2 and 3.
A short vertical spindle p passing up through this lever P is
secured thereto by a nut and carries at its lower end a small roller p¹ which works on
the periphery of the cam M with which it is maintained in contact by the retaining
spring p³.
Upon the forward extremity of this lever P is a nose piece or guide Q through
which the rod from which the nails are formed is fed to the dies and to the side of
this piece or upon the end of the lever P is fastened a spring R see figure 12 which
is bent up in front of the mouth of said nose piece or guide so that the nail rod will
rest thereon and by the tension of said spring the forward end of the rod will be
canted and sprung upward after each blow of the hammer and dies and thus be
prevented from jamming or sticking.
The operation of this improved horseshoe nail forging machine will be clearly
understood from the foregoing description with reference to the drawings by those
skilled in the art, but I will further describe the working of the chief features of the
Invention.
By having the anvil frame (+) pivotted to the rear of and above the centre of the
roller shaft B the anvil is free to swing down clear of the bottom cutter I and thus
allow the blank to clear itself before going into position to be cut off, thereby
facilitating the delivery of graduated blows in determining the thickness of the
blank.
The graduation of the blows given by the side moving die is regulated by the
shape of the Cam c which acts through the eccentric shaft E to adjust the striking
position of the bell crank lever D which is oscillated by the pitman B2 and in this
manner moving the side die f.
The side dief and anvil G act simultaneously and the first five blows of the die and
the roller hammer B' are consequently graduated on the same scale the next three
blows being fixed or nongraduated in each.
While the last three revolutions of the roller shaft are taking place the cams M and
N by acting upon the levers O¹ and P cause the point of the latter and the noze
piece to descend and at the same time move slightly to one side so as to bring the
forged blank into position with its head over the bottom cutter I when the top
cutter H descends and cuts the blank off immediately below the moving die the anvil G
being meanwhile at its lowest point and the side or moving die forward in the
position where the first graduated blow is given.
To commence upon a fresh blank simultaneously with the rising of the nose piece Q
and lever P to the former position the rock shaft k is operated and the standard K
thrown forward and a fresh length of the rod forced between the dies. The gripping
bar then descends and holds the nail rod while the new blank is being forged.
While this is being done the waves upon the cams M and N acting upon the rollers
of the arms O¹ and P give a slight oscillation to the nose piece Q which prevents the
blank from sticking in the dies.
At about the seventh revolution of the roller shaft the standard K rocks backwards,
its gripping bar rising meanwhile previous to taking a fresh grip upon the rod just
before the blank is finished.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this Invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
1st. In a horse shoe nail forging machine the combination with a revolving roller
hammer, a stationary side die, and a moving side die, of an anvil carried in a
pivotted frame and adapted to be raised against the nail blank by a series of
successive graduations substantially as and for the purpose herein before described.
2nd. In a horse shoe nail forging machine the combination with a revolving roller
hammer, a stationary side die, and a moving side die, adapted to deliver a series of
graduated side blows upon the blank of a swinging anvil arranged to rise against

page_text: said blank by successive graduations coincident with the blows of said side die
substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
3rd. In a horse shoe nail forging machine the combination with the frame having a
standard to the rear of the roller shaft, of the anvil frame G¹ pivotted to said standard
and carrying the anvil proper and a cam acting upon the forward end of said frame to
give it a swinging or oscillating motion substantially as and for the purposes described
and illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
4th. In a horse shoe nail forging machine the combination with the dies and anvil
and means for carrying the forged blank of a stationary cutter and a moveable cutter
adapted to cut off the blank at a point below the shaping dies substantially as and for
the purposes described.
5th. In a horse shoe nail forging machine the combination with the shaping dies
and anvil of a stationary bottom cutter a pivotted top cutter located underneath the
dies and at one side of the anvil and a cam for operating said pivotted cutter
substantially as and for the purposes herein before described.
6th. In a horse shoe nail forging machine the combination with the shaping dies
the anvil and the top and bottom cutters arranged substantially as described of the.
lover P carrying nose guide for the nail rod levers 00¹ and Cams M and N arranged
to operate substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein before described.
7th. In a horse shoe nail forging machine the combination with a roller hammer
and a stationary side die of the side hammer F vibrating arm F¹ and means for
operating same so as to deliver graduated blows substantially as and for the purpose
hereinbefore described.
8th. The combination with the moving side hammer F the roller shaft B and the
pitman B of the bell crank lever D connected loosely with said side hammer and
pitman eccentric shaft E and a cam for oscillating said eccentric shaft substantially as
and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
9th. In a horse shoe nail forging machine the combination with a guide for
carrying the nail rod to the forging apparatus the striking roller b² and the vibrating
anvil of the fixed standard J and rocking standard K both carrying vertically moving
gripping bars J¹ K¹ and levers and cams for operating same substantially in the
manner and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
10th. The combination with the fixed standard J and rocking standard K having
projections and vertically moving gripping bars J1 K¹ of the vertical bars ³
having feet and the shafts i and having fingers and levers and Cams for
operating same substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
11th. The combination with the bar P of the nose piece or guide Q having spring R
in front of and below same and travelling therewith substantially in the manner and
for the purpose specified.
TAL: 3711
Ր .
1000
J. HENRY JOHNSON,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London,
Agent.