IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILISING THE WASTE LIQUORS RESULTING FROM THE PREPARATION OF FIBROUS MATTERS IN PAPER PULP MAKING, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREIN
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Chadwick, of Topsham, in the County of
Devon, Manufacturing and Analytical Chemist, and John Clench, of the
City of Exeter, Accountant, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
UTILISING THE WASTE LIQUORS RESULTING FROM THE PREPARATION OF FIBROUS
MATTERS IN PAPER PULP MAKING, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO
BE USED THEREIN."
Sealed the 3rd May 1864, and dated the 15th December 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Chadwick and
John Clench at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on-the 15th December 1863.
We, HENRY CHADWICK, of Topsham, in the County of Devon, Manu-
facturing and Analytical Chemist, and JOHN CLENCH, of the City of Exeter,
Accountant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN UTILISING THE WASTE LIQUORS RESULTING FROM THE PREPARATION OF
FIBROUS MATTERS IN PAPER PULP MAKING, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
TO BE USED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
We evaporate per se the water from the said waste liquors, and roast to a
dull redness the solid compound. To economically effect this we recommend
that these waste liquors be run into a furnace with double arches, such furnace
having a fire-place for supplying heat, provided with ash-pit, with flues for
economising the waste heat from the roasting, with rectangular pan; boiler
plate for evaporating, with a separate chimney, if none already erected, and

page_text: with working doors, closed until the substance be boiled down to dryness; also
a cleaning hole, and other requisite adjuncts. The double arches above
mentioned deflect the flame, and from the interior of such arches we suspend
a number of bars, for the more rapid liberation of the steam and gases from
the highly viscous matters as they approach to dryness. The resulting black
granular ash is afterwards deprived of its carbonate of soda by lixiviation with
hot water; the clear solution obtained is boiled down to dryness in pans
heated by the waste heat from the afore-mentioned furnace, or from any other
source of available waste heat. Or the clear solution of carbonate of soda
may be causticized in the usual manner, and used for the reduction of fresh
quantities of fibrous material. By this Invention we recover the alkali
contained in such waste liquors.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Chadwick and John Clench in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 15th June 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, HENRY
CHADWICK, of Topsham, in the County of Devon, Manufacturing and Analytical
Chemist, and JOHN CLENCH, of the City of Exeter, Accountant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto us, the said Henry Chadwick and John Clench, Her special licence
that we, the said Henry Chadwick and John Clench, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Henry Chadwick and
John Clench, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
UTILIZING THE WASTE LIQUORS RESULTING FROM THE PREPARATION OF FIBROUS
MATTERS IN PAPER PULP MAKING, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE
USED THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Henry
Chadwick and John Clench, or one of us, our executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under our, or one of our, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature

page_text: of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Henry Chadwick and John Clench,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, that is to say:-
The object of this Invention is the recovery of carbonate of soda from the
waste liquors resulting in the reduction of fibrous materials when manu-
facturing paper pulp from straw, esparto grass, hemp, jute, and other fibrous
materials. Our Invention consists in the evaporation of the water from such
waste liquors, and in roasting to a dull redness the solid compound. To
enable us economically to do this, we run these waste liquors into a peculiarly
constructed furnace with double arch for deflecting the flame, and from the
interior of such arches we suspend a number of bars, for the more rapid
liberation of the steam and gases from the highly viscid matters as they
approach to dryness. The resulting black granular ash is afterwards deprived
of its carbonate of soda by lixiviation with hot water; the clear solution
obtained boiled down to dryness in pans heated by the waste heat from the
before-mentioned furnace, or from any other source of available waste heat.
Or the clear solution of carbonate of soda may be causticized in the usual
manner, and used for the reduction of fresh quantities of fibrous material.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a longitudinal vertical section,
Figure 2a front elevation, and Figure 3 a plan of the flues of a furnace
constructed according to this-Invention. The same letters refer to the same
parts in each of the Figures.
D represents the solid bed of the furnace, which is composed of fire-brick,
or other suitable fire-resisting material, and is well fluxed in; I, I, aro
deflecting arches forming the top of the furnace, also composed of fire-brick,
or other suitable material; K, K, are projecting bars or plates, made either
of cast iron, fire-clay, or other material capable of sustaining a moderate
degree of heat; F is a rectangular iron pan made of boiler plate, and heated
by the waste heat from the furnace; C is the interior of the furnace; and
E, E, flues for economising the waste heat; A is the fire-place; B, the ash-
pit; and G, the chimney; H, H, are working holes, which are kept closed
until the waste liquor is evaporated to dryness.
The working of the furnace or apparatus is as follows:-The pan F and

page_text: furnace C are both charged with waste liquor, the working holes H, H, closed,
and the fire urged on until the waste liquor assumes a pasty consistence, the
attendant ascertaining this by looking through small holes (which can be
temporarily closed) formed in the doors of the working holes H, H. When
the material being operated upon bas arrived at the pasty state, the working
holes H, H, are opened, the fire kept well up, when the gummy and resinous
matters contained in the liquor become ignited; the fire is now checked a
little, and the operator frequently turns over the now solid matters, in order to
present fresh surfaces to the action of the flame. By this treatment the mass
is quickly deprived of soluble coloring matter, which fact is ascertained by
dissolving from time to time in water a small portion of the material being
operated upon; when, if the solution is colorless, the charge can be raked
out, and is ready for lixiviation. The liquor from the pan F is now run into
the furnace C, fresh liquor is admitted into the pan F, and the process
proceeds as before.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim,-
Firstly, the recovery of carbonate of soda from the waste liquors resulting
from the preparation of fibrous matters in paper pulp making, as herein-before
described.
Secondly, the construction of furnace with double-arched top, for deflecting
the flame on to the surface of the material being operated upon, and with bars
or plates suspended from the top of the furnace, for the rapid liberation of
steam and gases, substantially as herein-before described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Clench, on behalf of myself and
the said Henry Chadwick, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this
Thirteenth day of June, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
JOHN CLENCH. (L.B.)