IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Leeming, of North Holme Mill, Bradford, in
the County of York, Machine Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 6th June 1862, and dated the 11th December 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Leeming at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th December 1861.
I, JOHN LEEMING, of North Holme Mill, Bradford, in the County of York,
Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
'
This Invention has for its object improvements in looms for weaving, and
relates to an improved method or means of actuating moveable shuttle boxes;
the object being to obtain much greater simplicity in detail, and reduce the
cost of construction. For these purposes I affix on the crank shaft, by
preference (although a stud or other fixing would answer), a casting fitting
loosely thereon, and allowing the said shaft to revolve without impediment;
the said casting is formed with a provision at.one-of-its-ends for the insertion
and securing by a bolt or screw of a wrought-iron (or other suitable material)
continuation, extending through the frame of the going pivot, having a hook
near its extremity, and immediately over the star or pin wheel, which is a

page_text: wheel made fast to the axis of the series of shuttle chambers; the said hook is
raised out of contact with the star or pin wheel by reason of the casting upon
the crank shaft being so weighted as to be 'the heavier end. On the same
shaft I place another similar casting and wrought iron continuation, with hook
immediately under the said star or pin wheel. The weight in the case of this
second casting and continuation is so arranged as to give the preponderance to
the hooked end, so that when not operated upon the slay board carrying the
series of shuttle chambers and the star or pin wheel is free to vibrate without
the said star or pin wheel coming in contact with the hooks on either of the
continuations of the two castings upon the crank. shaft. I apply strings or
other equivalents to the two castings upon the crank shaft, and pass them
partly round bowls or pullies, and from thence to the usual or other operating
motion. The change from one shuttle to the next in either direction is effected
by the operating of either of the before-mentioned strings or connections,
which will lower or raise one of the hooks into position to be operated upon by
the star or pin wheel coming in contact therewith when the slay board is in the
act of beating up, which will have the effect of causing the series. of shuttle
chambers to turn in one direction or the other, as desired, according as the
different strings are operated. It will be obvious that by applying these means
to both ends of a loom, together with a series of shuttle chambers at each end
of the slay board, I am enabled to weave what is termed pick and pick or
single pick. This motion, when applied in connection with a jacquard or
index machine, requires to have another motion, which I apply to the top rail
of the loom, and consists of a bracket bolted thereto, and containing two bell-
cranked levers mounted upon a stud. To one end of each lever the string for
operating the hook and casting is made fast, and to the other a string passing
partly round a bowl or pulley to the needle of the machine. The two bell-
cranked levers are so arranged and adapted that when operated by the needle
of the jacquard or other machine, they will remain raised in such position
until the slay board has beat up, and the hooked end of the continuation of the
casting upon the crank shaft has come in contact with the star or pin wheel,
and so turned the series of shuttle chambers,-after_which a horizontal bar,
sliding in a bracket attached to the top rail, comes in contact with the bell-
crank lever which has remained raised, and pushes it back to its normal
The slide bar
position, ready to be again operated upon in like manner.
I operate by means of a tappet or cam and lever, worked from the tappet shaft
or other suitable place, which enables me to adapt the time of its operating to
the requirements of any pattern machine.

page_text: My Invention also consists in means for imparting a variable motion to the
cloth roller in looms, according as such roller is increased in diameter by the
addition of the cloth woven, to attain which I apply to the crank shaft (or
elsewhere) a wheel made fast, thereon, and geared into another wheel mounted
upon a stud made: fast to the frame of the loom, and on which it may revolve
freely, carrying upon its axis two double elliptical cams or tappets and frame,
in which the said cams or tappets work, and similar to the cams or tappets
for: which Letters. Patent were granted to me (dated 5th February, 1861,
No. 301,) and which I then employed for actuating the lay of the loom, but
which I now use for actuating a lever mounted upon a stud made fast to the
frame of the loom, and carrying pawls or catches mounted upon a stud made
fast thereon, and operating upon a catch or ratchet wheel. The upper end of
such lever I form with a slot, to allow of a horizontal bar or connection between
it and the frame, in which the two double elliptical cams or tappets rotate,
being raised as the diameter of the cloth roller increases, in order to impart to
the said roller, through the ordinary train of gearing, the desired variable
motion; the connection, between the lever and frame, in which the cams or
tappets rotate I cause to be operated by means of a scroll or wedge-like incline,
being operated upon by the increased diameter of the cloth roller, and coming
in contact therewith. I may here state that the detail of connecting the
various parts in the gearing, as well as general arrangement, may be greatly
varied without departing from the main or principal features of this Invention,
which are the two double elliptical tappets and frame, with with the scroll or
wedge-like incline coming in contact with the cloth roller.
I also, according to my Invention, apply the double elliptical cams or tappets,
together with a scroll or wedge-like incline, in a similar manner in the letting-
off of the warn from the beam.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Leeming in the Great Seal Patent' Office on the
11th June 1862.
[
. TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN.
LEEMING, of North Holme Mill, Bradford, in the County of York, Machine
Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters.
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of December, in the year of our Lord

page_text: One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said John Leeming, Her special licence that I, the said John
Leeming, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said John Leeming, my-executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said John Leeming, my executors or administrators, by. an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,,should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that. I, the said John Leeming, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in looms for weaving, and
relates to an improved method or means of actuating moveable-shuttle boxes;
the object being to obtain much greater simplicity in detail, and to reduce the
cost of construction. For these purposes I affix on the crank shaft, by
preference (although a stud or other fixing would answer), a casting fitting
loosely thereon, and allowing the said shaft to revolve without impediment, the
said casting is formed with a provision at one of its ends for the insertion and
securing by a bolt or screw of a wrought-iron (or other suitable material)
continuation, extending through the frame of the going pivot, and having a
hook near its extremity and immediately over the star or pin wheel, which is
a wheel made fast to the axis of the series of shuttle chambers; the said hook
is raised out of contact with the star-or-pin-wheel by reason of the casting
upon the crank shaft being so weighted as to be the heavier end. On the
same shaft I place another similar casting and wrought-iron-continuation, with
hook immediately under the said star or pin wheel. The weight in the case of
this second casting and continuation is so arranged as give the preponderance
to the hooked end, so that when not operated upon the slay board carrying the
series of shuttle chambers and the star or pin wheel is free to vibrate without

page_text: the said star or pin wheel coming in contact with the hooks on either of the
continuations of the two castings upon the crank shaft. I apply strings or other
equivalents to the two castings upon the crank shaft, and pass them.partly
round bowls or pullies, and from thence to the usual or other operating motion.
The change from one shuttle to the next in either direction is effected by the
operating of either of the before-mentioned strings or connections, which will
lower or raise one of the hooks into, position to be operated upon by the star
or pin wheel coming in contact therewith when the slay board is in the act of
beating up, which will have the effect of causing the series of shuttle chambers
to turn in one direction or the other, as desired, according as the different
strings are operated. It will be obvious that by applying these means to both
ends of a loom, together with a series of shuttle chambers at each end of the
slayboard, I am enabled to weave what is termed pick and pick or single pick.
This motion, when applied in connection with a jacquard or index machine,
requires to have another motion, which I apply to the top rail of the loom, and
consists of a bracket bolted thereto, and containing two bell-cranked: levers
mounted upon a stud; to one end of each lever the string for operating the
hook and casting is made fast, and to the other a string passing partly round
a bowl or pulley to the needle of the machine. The two bell-cranked levers
are so arranged and adapted that when operated by the needle of the jacquard
or other machine, they will remain raised in such position until the slay board
has beat up, and the hooked end of the continuation of the casting upon the
crank shaft has come in contact with the star or pin wheel, and so turried the
series of shuttle chambers, after which a horizontal bar sliding in a bracket
attached to the top rail comes in contact with the bell-crank lever, which has
remained raised, and pushes it back to its normal position, ready to be again
operated upon in like manner. The slide bar I operate by means of a tappett
or cam and lever, worked from the tappett shaft or other suitable place, which
enables me to adopt the time of its operating to the requirements of any
pattern machine. I would remark that the details of the above arrangement
may be varied without departing from the main or principal features of this
Invention; which are the employment of the weighted pieces, which I have
called "castings," with their continuations, and hooks, so as to actuate the
star or pin wheel of a series of shuttle chambers, as described.
'
My Invention also consists in means for imparting a variable-motion to the
cloth roller in looms, according as such roller, is increased in diameter by the
addition of the cloth woven, to attain which I apply to the crank shaft (or
elsewhere) a wheel made fast thereon and geared into another wheel mounted

page_text: upon a stud made.fast to the frame of the loom, and on which it may revolve
freely, carrying upon its axis two double elliptical cams or tappetts and
frame, in which the said cams or tappetts work, and similar to the cams
or tappetts for which Letters Patent were granted to me dated 5th
February, 1861, No. 301, and which I then employed for actuating the lay
of the loom, but which I now use for actuating a lever mounted upon a stud
made fast to the frame of the loom, and carrying pawls or catches mounted
upon a stud made fast thereon, and operating: upon a catch or ratchet wheel,
The upper end of such lever I form with a slot, to allow of a horizontal bar or
connection between it and the frame, in which the two double elliptical cams
or tappetts rotate, being raised as the diameter of the cloth roller increases, in
order to impart to the said roller through the ordinary train of gearing the
desired variable motion. The connection between the lever and frame in
which the cams or tappetts rotate I cause to be operated by means of a scrowl
or wedge-like incline, being operated upon by the increased diameter of the
cloth roller, and coming in contact therewith. I may here state that the
detail of connecting the various parts in the gearing, as well as general
árrangement, may be greatly varied without departing from the main or prin
cipal features of this Invention, which are the two double elliptical tappetts
and frame, with the scrowl or wedge-like incliné actuated by parts coming in
contact with the cloth roller. I prefer to employ two sets of cams and levers
in order to obtain a continuous or nearly continuous take-up. I also,
according to my Invention, apply the double elliptical cams or tappets,
together with a scrowl or wedge-like incline, in a similar manner to the letting-
off of the warp from the beam.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, I will proceed more fully
to describe the manner of performing the same, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings.
Figure 1 is a front view of a sufficient part of loom to shew the manner in
which I operate the series of shuttle chambers; Figure 2 is also another
-similar_view to show the manner of operation when required to be worked in
connection with a jacquard or index-machine.; Figure 3, an end view of a
loom with the same applied thereto; Figures 4 and 5 are detached views-of-
the castings and hooked continuation. These Figures illustrate the first part
of my Invention.
Figure 6 is an end view of a loom with the parts required and applied for
carrying into effect the second part of my Invention.
Figure 7, a front view of part of a loom shewing the same parts; Figure 8,

page_text: full sized front view of one of the two double elliptical cams or tappetts,' and
the frame in which it works; Figure 9, an edge and partly sectional- view of
the same taken through the dotted lines F1 and F 1; Figure 10,' a detached
view, full size, of the cam or tappett in section through the lines E 1.and E 1.;
Figures 11 and 12, full sized views of the connecting bar as seen in front and
on the edge; Figures 13 and 14, detached views of the upright lifting rod,
which is operated upon by the scrowl or wedge-like incline; Figures 15 and 16
are views of a wheel on which the cams or tappetts are made fast. In Figure 3,.
A is the end framing of the loom; B, the crank shaft; C, the casting upon
the crank shaft; C', its hooked continuation; D, the other casting upon the
crank shaft; D', its hooked continuation; E, the series of shuttle chambers,
with star or pin wheel, shown in dotted lines; F, the frame of the going part
in section, in order to shew the position of the hooked continuations; G is a
guide for the ends of the hooks, with slide piece I to prevent the possibility
of both hooks coming in contact with the star or pin wheel at the same time.
The action is as follows:-The going part carrying the series of shuttle
chambers is free to oscillate without the star or pin wheel E coming into contact
with either of the hooked ends C 1 or D1 of the continuations of the castings
C. D, upon the crank shaft B, and will continue to do so unless a change of
shuttle is required, when by raising the string. D 2 by the ordinary motion; as
shewn in Figure 1, or otherwise, the hook C1 will be drawn, down, and so
conie into contact with the star or pin wheel at the next beat up of the slay:
board, which will have the effect of causing the series of shuttle chambers to
move in one direction, after which the hook C 1 will return to its normal
position, and remain there by reason of the weighted end of the casting Cupon
the crank shaft B. A change in the reverse direction is effected by raising
the string C.2, which will lift the hook D 1 into position to be acted upon by the
star or pin wheel coming in contact therewith at the next beat-up of the slay-
board, when a change of shuttle chamber will take place in a reverse direction.
In the case of this hooked continuation D 1 and casting D, the preponderance
is given to the hooked end, so that when the slay board-has beat up and turned.
the series of shuttle chambers, the hook will remain down and out of
contact with the star or pin wheel unless operated upon, when a similar action
will occur.
;
I will now describe this method when required in connection-with-a-
jacquard or index machine. The castings C and D upon the crank shaft B,
with-their continuations C1 and D 1, are the same in conformation, as well as
action; as those previously described, and are raised by strings C2 and D 2, mado

page_text: fast to two bell-cranked levers I and J, which are mounted upon a stud, see
Figure 2, and from the other end of, such bell-cranked levers are, two more
strings passing partly round a bowl or pulley N, and from thence to the needle
of the jacquard or other operating motion. The two bell-cranked levers are so
arranged by having each a spring upon the stud whereon they are mounted
pressing them against a pin which passes through the said stud, and holding.
into a notch or indent on the boss of the said levers, when raised by the
jacquard or other motion, and remaining so raised until the slay board has
beat up, and the hooked end of the continuation of the casting upon the crank
shaft has come in contact with the star or pin wheel and turned the series of
shuttle chambers; after which a horizontal slide bar M, in bracket L, L, upon
the top rail O, comes in contact with the bell-cranked lever, which has
remained raised, and pushes it back into its normal position ready to be again
operated upon in like manner. The slide bar M, I operate by means of a
çam or tappett P upon the tappett shaft P 1, and a lever R mounted upon a stud
in the stud plate R 1, and held in contact with the tappet P by the spring S;
to the lever R; I attach a string, and pass it partly round a bowl or pulley
at S 1, and and another at S 2; and thence to the slide bar M; to which it is
madefast. I am thus enabled to adapt the time of its operating to the
requirements of any pattern surface.
The second part of my Invention I accomplish in the following manner :-
Figure 6, on the crank shaft B; I affix a wheel C, which is geared into
another wheel D, mounted upon a stud, on which it may revolve freely, and
having: keyed upon its axis two double elliptical tappets or cams. E and
frame F, Figure 8. The cams or tappets are key'd on the axis of the
wheel D, Figures 15 and 16, in such manner that when they are in action
they impart an intermittent motion to their frames F, and hence to the levers
G, G, carrying the pawls.or catches H, H, and operating upon the ratchet
wheel I: The upper end of the levers G, G, I form with a slot, to allow of a
horizontal bar or connection J between it and the frame F, in which the two
double elliptical cams or tappets E rotate, being raised by the upright lifting
rod K, which-slides-in-guides L, L, and has on its lower extremity a friction
bowl coming in contact with a scrowl M, which is caused_to_revolve by the
lever segment N gearing into a pinion O on the scrowl M; the lever seg-
ment N is provided with a slot at one of its ends, into which projects a stud
from the slide bracket P, Figure 7, which is supported by the stand Q; on
the bracket P is a bar R, extending across the piece, and round which the cloth
in the act of being woven is pressed partly round, and is depressed according

page_text: to the quantity woven on the beam S. At the commencement of a piece the
rod R is in close contact with the roller S, but gradually as that becomes
greater in diameter so does the bar R, and the bracket P becomes depressed,
and acting upon the lever segment N, Figure 6, depresses it, and causes the
pinion O,.into which it gears, and which is made fast to the scrowl M, to
revolve, which raise the upright sliding bar K and the connecting bar J up
the slots in the levers G, G, which will cause the said levers to impart a less
stroke and consequent slower action to the ratchet wheel I, and afterwards
through the ordinary train of gearing to the cloth roller S: The letting-off
warp from the warp beam is similarly effected.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Leeming, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventh day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
JOHN LEEMING. (L.S.)