IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING AND TWISTING FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN 11
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard. McCloy and John Hare, both of Glasgow,
in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Managers, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING AND TWISTING FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND IN THE
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
11
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard McCloy and Jolin
Hare at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 17th May 1856.
We, RICHARD MCCLOY and JOHN HARE, both of Glasgow, in the County.
of Lanark, North Britain, Managers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING AND TWISTING FIBROUS MATERIALS,
AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows, that
is to say:-
This Invention relates to a system or mode of spinning or twisting fibrous
materials, and to the use of novel mechanical apparatus in aid of such system,.
whereby a superior amount of production of the manufactured article is.
obtained. The Invention is applicable to most of the routine processes of
manufacturing or preparing threads or yarns from fibrous materials of various
kinds, but it is especially serviceable in its adaptation to the "throstle

page_text: employed, for example, in the spinning of cotton. In a throstle fitted up in
this way, the spindle is supported in free loose bearings, and the necessary
drag," or difference of rotation in the parts for the "winding-on," is obtained
between the spindle and the flyer; the flyer is inverted, that is to say, its legs
point upwards instead of downwards, as in the common throstle. The spindle
is parallel from end to end, and is supported in a footstep carried by a bottom
traversing rail, and above this rail is a second traversing rail carrying a tube
standing up from the top of the rail, this tube having in its upper end a collar
bearing for the steadying support of the spindle which is passed up through
the tube. The bobbin on which the yarn (as spun) is wound is passed upon
the upper end of the spindle, and rests upon a collar piece thereon, having the
usual connections for causing the bobbin to rotate with the spindle. The tube
is passed through a third and stationary rail above the other two, and upon
this rail the inverted flyer rests by a prolonged collar formed upon the flyer.
This collar of the flyer fits loosely upon the stationery tube, and it is here that
the drag is formed. The flyer only is driven directly, motion being communi-
cated to it by a driving band passed round the collar, which acts as a wharve.
As the flyer revolves in working, the yarn from it causes the spindle to revolve
also, but at a somewhat slower rate, owing to the frictionally retarding drag.
The building of the yarn upon the bobbin is accomplished in any convenient
way by traversing the spindle and its tube up and down through the collar of the
flyer. To temper the frictional drag, a band or light cord is or may be passed
zig-zag along the line of the spindles at their lower parts, so as to exert some
lateral pressure on the footsteps. By this Invention the parts may be driven
at an extraordinary high velocity without any jar or inconvenience. The
system, and the apparatus emplyed in carrying it out in practice, are obviously
applicable to all textile machinery of the "flyer" class, such as roving and
slubbing frames and twisting machinery.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard McCloy and John Hare in the Great Seal Patent 30
Office on the 17th November 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we RICHARD
M CLOY and JOHN HARE, both of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Managers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters.35
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of May; in the year of our Lord

page_text: One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and.grant unto us, the:
said Richard McCloy and John Hare, Her special license that we, the
said Richard McCloy and John Hare, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Richard McCloy and John Hare, our
executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and'
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING AND TWISTING
FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Richard McCloy and
John Hare, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed"
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Richard McCloy and John Hare, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
Our said Invention relates to a system or mode of spinning or twisting
fibrous materials, and to the use of novel mechanical apparatus in aid of such
system, whereby a superior amount of production of the manufactured article-
is obtained. The Invention is applicable to most of the routine processes of
manufacturing or preparing threads or yarns from fibrous materials of various
kinds, but it is especially serviceable in its adaptation to the "throstle" as
employed, for example, in the spinning of cotton. In a throstle fitted up in:
this way, according to one modification the spindle is supported in free loose.
bearings, and the necessary "drag," or difference of rotation in the parts for
the "winding-on," is obtained between the spindle and the flyer. The flyer is
inverted, that is to say, its legs point upwards instead of downwards, as in the
common throstle. The spindle is supported in a footstep carried by a bottom
traversing rail, and above this rail is a second traversing rail carrying a-tube.
standing up from the top of the rail, this tube having in its upper end a collar:
bearing, for the steadying support of the spindle which is passed' up through
the tube. The bobbin on which the yarn, as spun, is wound, is passed upon:
the upper end of the spindle, and rests upon a collar piece thereon, laving the

page_text: usual connections for causing the bobbin to rotate with the spindle. The tube
is passed through a third and stationary rail above the other two, and upon
this rail the inverted flyer rests by a prolonged collar formed upon the flyer.
This collar of the flyer fits loosely upon the stationary tube, and it is here that
the drag is formed. The flyer only is driven directly, motion being communi-
cated to it by a driving band passed round the collar, which acts as a wharve.
As the flyer revolves in working, the yarn from it causes, the spindle to revolve
also, but at a somewhat slower rate, owing to the frictionally retarding drag.
The building of the yarn upon the bobbin is accomplished in any convenient
way by traversing the spindle and its tube up and down through the collar of
the flyer. To temper the frictional drag, a band or light cord is or may be
passed zig-zag along the line of the spindles at their lower parts, so as to exert
some lateral pressure on the footsteps. By this Invention the parts may be
driven at an extraordinarily high velocity without any jar or inconvenience.
The system, and the apparatus employed in carrying it out in practice, are
obviously applicable to all textile machinery of the "flyer" class, such as
roving and slubbing frames and twisting machinery.
And in order that our said Invention may be properly understood, we have
hereunto appended and shall now proceed to describe a Sheet of explanatory
Drawings, showing the practical application of our Invention.
Figure 1 on the Sheet of Drawings is an elevation, and Figure 2 is a
longitudinal section, of a spindle and flyer, with accompanying details, as
arranged and constructed according to one modification of our Invention.
Figure 3 is a sectional, and Figure 4 a complete elevation, of a spindle and
flyer, and accompanying details, as slightly modified from what is represented
in Figures 1 and 2. Figure 5 is an elevation of a peculiar form of cam
which we prefer to use in conjunction with our improved spindle and flyer
arrangement, for acting upon the copping or building-up movement of
spinning frames, having two rows of spindles arranged back to back. In
Figures 1 and 2, a shuttle, cop, or pirn A is shown as receiving the yarn
or thread B, whilst in Figures 3 and 4 it is a bobbin C which receives it;
but. it will be obvious,. that a pirn, bobbin, or other suitable receptacle for the
thread may be used in either case. In the arrangement shown in Figures 1.
and 2, the pirn A is carried upon the upper end of the spindle D, and
rests upon the collar E on the spindle. The spindle D rests in a footstep F
in a lower traversing rail G, which is connected to a higher traversing
rail H. This latter rail has fixed upon it a tube I, this tube standing
up from the top. of the rail, and having at its top end a collar bearing J, for
the steadying support of the spindle D which passes up through the tube. The
;

page_text: tube I passes through a third rail K, and through the body L of the flyer.
The legs M of the flyer project upwards from the body L, which is elongated
to receive the driving strap N, and which rests upon the rail K. The flyer
revolves about the tube I, which does not turn, but serves to steady both the
flyer and the spindle D, so that the flyer may be driven at a comparatively
high speed. The pirn A on its spindle D is turned entirely by the pull of the
thread B, the frictional resistance to the spindle's rotation causing its velocity
to be less than that of the flyer, so that the thread is gradually wound upon
the pirn or bobbin. If necessary, the frictional retardation upon the spindle's
motion may be increased by interlacing a thread or cord with the lower ends
of a row of spindles D, and thereby causing the spindles to press against the
sides of their bearings. In the arrangement represented in Figures 3 and 4
the tube I is dispensed with. The spindle D is made of comparatively larger
size, and is supported in a footstep F in the bottom traversing rail G. The
spindle passes up through the stationary rail O, and through the body L of the
flyer, which rests on the rail O. The body L of the flyer is also supported and
steadied in collar bearings in an upper stationary rail P, the driving strap N
being passed round the portion between the rails P and O. In this arrange-
ment the action is precisely the same as that of the arrangement shown in
Figures 1 and 2, and there is in both cases the same steadiness of motion at
comparatively high velocities. The cam represented in Figure 5 is designed,
as already stated, to work the copping or building-up movement for winding
on shuttle pirns in frames having two rows or banks of spindles placed back
to back. A cam for each side is used, the two cams being set a quarter
round from each other, so that if the detail transmitting the movement to one
set of spindles is being for the moment acted upon by the part a, for example,
the part will be acting upon the detail connected with the other set of
spindles, and as one part corresponds to the point of the pirn, or to the smallest
circle, and the other corresponds to a wider portion, the movements of the two
sets of saindles will be combined together, so as to render the demand upon
the driving power uniform, or nearly so. The cam is indented at a, for the
purpose of laying a comparatively larger amount of thread upon the widest
part of the pirn. Thus, the point c corresponds to the widest part of the cone
of the pirn, and after passing that point towards a, the thread is wound up the
cone a distance corresponding to c, a. From a to d the thread is wound down
the cone again, and from the point d to b the winding-on is carried gradually
up from the widest to the narrowest part of the cone, in the usual way. The
flyer legs or arms are each formed with double eyes, for the passage through
of the yarn or thread which is being spun and wound up into a. cop or pirn, or

page_text: upon a bobbin. The ordinary eye of the leg is at Q for guiding the thread in
the usual manner, but the leg is prolonged above this eye to the extent of
about three-eighths of an inch, more or less, and it terminates in a second
open eye or loop R. This duplex eye arrangement affords a simple and most
efficient means of giving a tensional drag to the thread, as the attendant first
enters the thread through the terminal eye R, and then gives it one or more
turns round the plain part of the leg, between the two eyes, and finally passes
it through the lower eye Q. The attendant can tlius adjust this tensional
drag to any required' extent by adding to or reducing the number of twists of
the thread; as may be desired, during working.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, we may observe, in conclusion, that we do not confine or restrict
ourselves to the precise details or arrangements which we have had occasion
to describe or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without
deviating from the principles or main features of our Invention; but what
we consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
First, the general arrangement and construction of machinery or apparatus
for spinning and twisting fibrous materials, as herein-before described.
Second, the system or mode of arranging and constructing spinning and
twisting machinery, wherein the flyer works upon a tubular spindle, which
again is carried or supported upon a loose solid spindle.
Third, the system or mode of obtaining tensional drag upon yarns or threads
in spinning and twisting machinery, by causing the flyer to revolve upon a
loose spindle, whether a tubular spindle is or is not interposed, as herein-before
described.
.
Fourth, the application and use in machinery for spinning and twisting
fibrous materials of inverted flyers with double eyes or loops, for the purpose
herein before described.
In witness wliereof, we, the said Richard McCloy and John Harc, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fourteenth day of November,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
:
RICHARD MCCLOY. (L.S.)
JOHN HARÉ..
(L.S.)

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard McCloy and John Hare, both of Glasgow,
in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Managers, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING AND TWISTING FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND IN THE
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard McCloy and John
Hare at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 17th May 1856.
We, RICHARD MCCLOY and JOHN HARE, both of Glasgow, in the County
of Lanark, North Britain, Managers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING AND TWISTING FIBROUS MATERIALS,
AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows, that
is to say:
This Invention relates to a system or mode of spinning or twisting fibrous
materials, and to the use of novel mechanical apparatus in aid of such system,
whereby a superior amount of production of the manufactured article is
obtained. The Invention is applicable to most of the routine processes of
manufacturing or preparing threads or yarns from fibrous materials of various
kinds, but it is especially serviceable in its adaptation to the "throstle" as

page_text: employed, for example, in the spinning of cotton: In a throstle fitted up in
this way, the spindle is supported in free loose bearings, and the necessary
drag," or difference of rotation in the parts for the "winding-on," is obtained
between the spindle and the flyer; the flyer is inverted, that is to say, its legs
point upwards instead of downwards, as in the common throstle. The spindle
is parallel from end to end, and is supported in a footstep carried by a bottom
traversing rail, and above this rail is a second traversing rail carrying a tube
standing up from the top of the rail, this tube having in its upper end a collar
bearing for the steadying support of the spindle which is passed up through
the tube. The bobbin on which the yarn (as spun) is wound is passed upon
the upper end of the spindle, and rests upon a collar piece thereon, having the
usual connections for causing the bobbin to rotate with the spindle. The tube
is passed through a third and stationary rail above the other two, and upon
this rail the inverted flyer rests by a prolonged collar formed upon the flyer.
This collar of the flyer fits loosely upon the stationery tube, and it is here that
the drag is formed. The flyer only is driven directly, motion being communi-
cated to it by a driving band passed round the collar, which acts as a wharve.
As the flyer révolves in working, the yarn from it causes tlie spindle to revolve
also, but at a somewhat slower rate, owing to the frictionally retarding drag.
The building of the yarn upon the bobbin is accomplished in any convenient
way by traversing the spindle and its tube up and down through the collar of the
flyer. To temper the frictional drag, a band or light cord is or may be passed
zig-zag along the line of the spindles at their lower parts, so as to exert some
lateral pressure on the footsteps. By this Invention the parts may be driven
at an extraordinary high velocity without any jar or inconvenience. The
system, and the apparatus emplyed in carrying it out in practice, are obviously
applicable to all textile machinery of the "flyer" class, such as roving and
stubbing frames and twisting machinery.
1
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard McCloy and John Hare in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 17th November 1856.
i
. TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we RICHARD
MCCLOY and JOHN HARE, both of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Managers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of May; in the year of our Lord

page_text: One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Iler
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Richard McCloy and John Hare, Her special license, that we, the
said Richard McCloy and John Hare, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Richard McCloy and John Hare, our
executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein.
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and'
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING AND TWISTING
FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Richard McCloy and
John Hare, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, should.
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Richard McCloy and John Hare, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by.
the following statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:
Our said Invention relates to a system or mode of spinning or twisting
fibrous materials, and to the use of novel mechanical apparatus in aid of such
system, whereby a superior amount of production of the manufactured article.
is obtained. The Invention is applicable to most of the routine processes of
manufacturing or preparing threads or yarns from fibrous materials of various
kinds, but it is especially serviceable in its adaptation to the "throstle" as
employed, for example, in the spinning of cotton. In a throstle fitted up in
this way, according to one modification the spindle is supported in free loose
bearings, and the necessary "drag," or difference of rotation in the parts for.
the "winding-on," is obtained between the spindle and the flyer. The flyer is
inverted, that is to say, its legs point upwards instead of downwards, as in the
common tirostle. The spindle is supported in a footstep carried by a bottom
traversing rail, and above this rail is a second traversing rail carrying a tube
standing up from the top of the rail, this tube having in its upper end a collar
bearing, for the steadying support of the spindle which is passed up through:
the tube. The bobbin on which the yarn, as spun, is wound, is passed upon:
the upper end of the spindle, and rests upon a collar piece thereon, having the:
:

page_text: usual connections for causing the bobbin.to rotate with the spindle. The tubo
is passed through a third and stationary rail above the other two, and upon
this rail the inverted flyer rests by a prolonged collar formed upon the flyer:
This collar of the flyer fits loosely. upon the stationary tube, and it is here that
the drag is formed. The flyer only is driven directly, motion being communi-
cated to it by a driving band passed round the collar, which acts as a wharve.
As the flyer revolves in working, the yarn. from it, causes the spindle to revolve
also, but at a somewhat slower rate, owing to the frictionally retarding drag.
The building of the yarn upon the bobbin is accomplished in any convenient
way by traversing the spindle and its tube up and down through the collar of
the flyer. To temper the frictional drag, a.band or light cord is or may be
passed zig-zag along the line of the spindles at their lower parts, so as to exert
some lateral pressure on the footsteps. By this Invention, the parts may be
driven at an extraordinarily. high velocity without any jar or inconvenience.
The system, and the apparatus employed in carrying it out in practice, are
obviously applicable to all. textile machinery of the "flyer" class, such as
roving and slubbing frames and twisting machinery.
And in order that our said Invention may be properly understood, we have
hereunto-appended and shall now proceed to describe a Sheet of explanatory
Drawings, showing the practical application of our Invention.
Figure 1 on the Sheet of Drawings is an elevation, and Figure 2 is a
longitudinal section, of a spindle and flyer, with accompanying details, as
arranged and constructed according to one modification of our Invention.
Figure 3 is a sectional, and Figure 4 a complete elevation, of a spindle and
flyer, and accompanying details, as slightly modified from what is represented
in Figures 1 and 2. Figure 5. is an elevation of a peculiar form of cam
which we prefer to use in conjunction with our improved spindle and flyer
arrangement, for acting upon the copping or building-up movement of
spinning frames, having two rows of spindles arranged back, to back. In
Figures 1 and 2, a shuttle, cop, or pirn A is shown as receiving the yarn
or. thread B, whilst in Figures 3 and 4 it is a bobbin C which receives it;
but it will be obvious, that a pirn, bobbin, or other suitable receptacle for the
thread may be. used. in either case. In the arrangement shown in Figures 1
and 2, the pirn A is carried upon the upper end of the spindle D, and
rests upon the collar E on the spindle. The spindle D rests in a footstep F
in a lower traversing rail G, which is connected to a higher traversing
rail H. This latter rail has fixed upon it a tube I, this tube standing
up, from the top of the rail, and having at its top end a collar bearing J, for
the steadying support of the spindle D which passes up through the tube. The

page_text: tube I passes through a third rail K, and through the body L of the flyer:
The legs M of the flyer project upwards from the body L, which is elongated
to receive the driving.strap N, and which rests upon the rail K. The flyer
revolves about the tube I, which does not turn, but serves to steady both.the
flyer and the spindle D, so that the flyer may be driven at a comparatively
high speed. The pirn A on its spindle D is turned entirely by the pull of the
thread B, the frictional resistance to the spindle's rotation causing its velocity
to be less than that of the flyer, so that the thread is gradually wound upon
the pirn or bobbin. If necessary, the frictional retardation upon the spindle's
motion may be increased by interlacing a thread or cord with the lower ends
of a row of spindles D, and thereby causing the spindles to press against the
sides of their bearings. In the arrangement represented in Figures 3 and 4
the tube I is dispensed with. The spindle D is made of comparatively larger
size, and is supported in a footstep F in the bottom traversing rail G. The
spindle passes up through the stationary rail O, and through the body L of the
flyer; which rests on the rail O. The body L of the flyer is also supported and
steadied in collar bearings in an upper stationary rail P, the driving strap N
being passed round the portion between the rails P and O. In this arrange-
ment the action is precisely the same as that of the arrangement shown in
Figures 1 and 2, and there is in both cases the same steadiness of motion at
comparatively high velocities. The cam represented-in Figure 5 is designed,
as already stated, to work the copping or building-up movement for winding
on shuttle pirns in frames having two rows or banks of spindles placed back:
to back. A cam for each side is used, the two cams being set'a, quarter
round from each other, so that if the detail transmitting the movement to.one
set of spindles is being for the moment acted upon by the part a, for example,
the part b will be acting upon the detail connected with the other set of
spindles; and as one part corresponds to the point of the pirn, or to the smallest
circle, and the other corresponds to a wider portion, the movements of the two
sets of saindles will be combined together, so as to render the demand upon
the driving power uniform, or nearly so. The cam is indented. at a, for the
purpose of laying a comparatively larger amount of thread upon the widest
part of the pirn. Thus, the point c corresponds to the widest part of the cone
of the pirn, and after passing that point towards a, the thread is wound up the
cone a distance corresponding to c, a. From a to d the thread is wound down
the cone again, and from the point d to b the winding-on is carried gradually
up from the widest to the narrowest part of the cone, in the usual way: The
flyer legs or arms are each formed with double eyes, for the passage through
of the yarn or thread which is being spun and wound up into a cop or pirn, or

page_text: upon a bobbin. The ordinary eye of the leg is at Q for guiding the thread in
the usual manner, but the leg is prolonged above this eye to the extent of
about three-eighths of an inch, more or less, and it terminates in a second
open eye or loop R. This duplex eye arrangement affords a simple and most
efficient means of giving a tensional drag to the thread, as the attendant first
enters the thread through the terminal eye R, and then gives it one or more
turns round the plain part of the leg, between the two eyes, and finally passes
it through the lower eye Q. The attendant can thus adjust this tensional
drag to any required extent by adding to or reducing the number of twists of
the thread, as may be desired, during working.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, we may observe, in conclusion, that we do not confine or restrict
ourselves to the precise details or arrangements which we have had occasion
to describe or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without
deviating from the principles or main features of our Invention; but what
we consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the general arrangement and construction of machinery or apparatus
for spinning and twisting fibrous materials, as herein-before described.
Second, the system or mode of arranging and constructing spinning and
twisting machinery, wherein the flyer works upon a tubular spindle, which
again is carried or supported upon a loose solid spindle.
Third, the system or mode of obtaining tensional drag upon yarns or threads
in spinning and twisting machinery, by causing the flyer to revolve upon a
loose spindle, whether a tubular spindle is or is not interposed, as herein-before
described.
Fourth, the application and use in machinery for spinning and twisting
fibrous materials of inverted flyers with double eyes or loops, for the purpose
hérein before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Richard McCloy and John Hare, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fourteenth day of November,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
RICHARD MCCLOY. (L.S.)
JOHN HARE.
(L.S.)
RICHARD MCCLOY. (L.S.)
JOHN HARE.
(L.S.)