IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING MILE IN ORDER TO PRESERVE IT
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Shipp Grimwade, of Harrow, in the County
of Middlesex, Farmer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING
MILE IN ORDER TO PRESERVE IT."
Sealed the 1st April 1856, and dated the 31st October 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Shipp Grimwade
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on, the
31st October. 1855..
I, THOMAS SHIPP GRIMWADE,. of Harrow, in the County of Middlesex,
Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TREATING MILK IN ORDER TO PRESERVE IT" to be as follows:-
To milk; as soon as it is taken from the cow or other animal, I add sugar
and carbonate of soda, or I raise milk to a temperature of about 110° Fahren-
heit, allow it to stand, and remove what little cream may have risen to the
surface, then add sugar, pure sugar of milk, and carbonate of soda. I then
submit milk prepared in either manner above stated to rapid evaporation, in
order to evaporate the watery portions contained therein, at a temperature not
exceeding 160° Fahrenheit, and this I effect by placing it in a large vessel
of tin, or other suitable material, made to oscillate like the beam of a pair of
scales, the surface of the vessel being heated by the circulation of hot water
through a water-tight box placed beneath it. This process very quickly
reduces the milk to the consistence of treacle, and the peculiar motion of
the vessel facilitates the evaporation without causing the formation of butter
The thickened milk is next removed to an enamelled iron, marble, slate,-or:

page_text: other non-metallic vessel, heated to: about 160°, and stirred by means of
spatulas, or other suitable instruments, until it can no longer be moved with
facility, and becomes of a consistence similar to that of stiff dough.
. I
pass the doughy substance thus prepared between a pair of granite or
other suitable non-metallic rollers, of considerable power, which convert it into
thin ribbands or wafer-like cakes, in which shape the last traces of moisture
must be removed, and this can be easily effected by passing over it a current
of dry air by any of the usual methods. I next break up these desiccated
cakes, ribbands, or substances, and pass them through powerful granite or
other suitable non-metallic rollers, driven at different speeds, whereby the cakes
or ribbauds are reduced to a fine powder.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Shipp Grimwade in the Great Seal Patent Office ou
the 30th April 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
SHIPP GRIMWADE, of Harrow, in the County of Middlesex, Farmer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did; for Herself, Her heirs and. successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Thomas Shipp Grimwade, Her special licence that I, the said Thomas
Shipp Grimwade, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Thomas Shipp Grimwade, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING MILK IN ORDER TO PRESERVE IT," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Thomas Shipp. Grimwade, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
bands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was.to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent. Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Shipp Grimwade, do hereby
déclare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say:-.
My Invention consists in a mode of preserving milk, by combining it with
sugar and an alkali, and depriving it of its aqueous particles by evaporation
carried on at a temperature not exceeding 160° Fahrenheit, so that it may be,
reduced to a powder, and then powdering it.
To milk, as soon as it is taken from the cow or other animal, I add from
about a drachm to a drachm and a half of a carbonate of soda or a carbonate.
of potash, preferring the former, because it is more easily dried and less deli-,
quescent. If I desire to preserve the milk as it is before it has been deprived
of any of its cream, I place it at once in the evaporating vessel, and add to it.
3 lbs. of refined sugar for every imperial gallon of the milk, and then I proceed.
to evaporate the milk, so as to deprive it of its aqueous particles, and powder.
the solid result, as herein-after described..
If I desire to preserve milk without combining it with so large a proportion
of sugar, I deprive it of a portion at least of its cream; for which purpose I
raise the temperature of it to about 110° of Fahrenheit's thermometer, in order
to cause it to throw up its cream more rapidly and in a more oleaginous state.
I then allow the cream to stand for from two to six hours, according to the
richness of the milk and state of the atmosphere, so that when the milk con-.
tains much cream a larger portion of it may be removed, and so that when the
milk is poor in cream it may be deprived of a small portion only. I then
remove the cream thrown up, and add to the milk about 5 oz. of refined.
sugar and about 1 oz. pure sugar of milk to every imperial gallon of
the milk, and place the mixture in the evaporating pan or vessel. I then.
submit milk prepared in either manner above stated to evaporation, in
order to deprive it of the watery portions contained therein, at a tempera-
ture not exceeding 160° Fahrenheit, and this I effect by placing it in any
suitable evaporating apparatus, and keep it in a state of agitation until it
becomes of a consistence similar to stiff dough. Scalded milk, or milk which
has been raised to a temperature of 212° Fahrenheit, for the purpose of '
depriving it of its cream or butter, may be treated in precisely the same.
manner.
I pass the dough-like substance thus obtained between a pair of granite or,
other suitable rollers of considerable power (which I prefer should not have
any metallic or other surface capable of imparting any unpleasant taste or

page_text: color). The material is. thus converted into thin ribbons or wafer-like cakes,
in which shape it must be further dried, so as to be capable of being powdered;
and I effect this by passing over it a current of warm dry air .by any of the
usual methods, or by spreading it upon an evaporating vessel or a heated. slab.
I next break up these desiccated cakes, ribands, or substances, and pass
them through between powerful granite or other suitable rollers, as before
mentioned, which in this case are driven at different speeds, whereby. the
cakes or ribands are reduced to a fine powder. This powder is then further
dried, and when quite dry is in a state fit for being stored. and kept for use.
For keeping the powder good for lengthened periods, it should: be packed in
air-tight vessels. I find glass bottles corked, and the corks covered with
cement, well adapted for storing and preserving the powder.
In the accompanying Drawings I have shewn an evaporating pan or vessel
and apparatus, which I have invented for the purpose of evaporating milk in
the way above mentioned, the pan or vessel being made with a hot-water
case or jacket for the purpose of heating it, and also with apparatus for causing
the pan or vessel to oscillate during the early stages of the process.
In these Drawings, Figure 1 is a plan; Figure 2, a side elevation; Figure 3,
a longitudinal section; Figure 4, an end view; and Figure 5, a cross section.
Similar letters indicate similar parts in all the Figures.
A, A, is an iron pan with a double bottom, which forms a case for the circu-
lation of hot water; B, B, is a correspondingly shaped pan of tin, the edges of
which are turned down over the edges of the pan A, A, as shewn at a, a; C is
a funnel or spout, for pouring in water between the bottom of the tin and top
of the iron pans, to drive out any air which might otherwise lodge between
them, and interfere with the passage of heat to the tin pan. There is a stopper
to the funnel to prevent the water flowing out. b, b, are gudgeons, screwed to
the sides of the pan A, A; c, c, bearings, supported upon the framework C', C¹;
d, d, are nozzles, screwed on to the bottom of the pan A, A, which are con-
nected by vulcanised caoutchouc or other suitable elastic tubes e, e, to the pipes
D, D, one of which conducts water from a boiler into the case or interior of
the pan
A, A, while the other conveys it away after circulating in the case.
fis a cock, for shutting off the inlet when required; and g, an air vent, which
is carried above the level of the water in the boiler, and serves, when charging
the case with water, to allow of the escape of air from the pipes; h is a tap,
communicating with the water case; i, a tap, for permitting the escape of air
on filling the case with water; and j, a thermometer.
In order to cause the pans to oscillate, I connect them by-a rod.k to a crank
1 on a shaft connected with a steam engine or other prime mover:, mis a

page_text: quadrant, fixed to the bottom of the pan. By connecting the rod k to the
quadrant at different points, the length of the stroke or oscillations of the pans
will be regulated. Although I have described the various parts of this
apparatus, I do not claim anything farther respecting it than is mentioned in
the second claim herein-after contained.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,―
First, the preserving of milk by evaporating it, so as to deprive it of
its watery particles, and by reducing it to a state of dry powder, as herein-
before described.
Secondly, the mode of constructing an evaporating pan or vessel so as to
have oscillating motion given to it, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Shipp Grimwade, bave hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of April, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-six.
T. S. GRIMWADE. (L.S.)