matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUSTAINING AND LIFTING DRAUGHT HORSES, TO PREVENT THEM FALLING OR INJURING THE VEHICLE TO WHICH THEY ARE ATTACHED
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick James Walthew at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
December 1863.
I, FREDERICK JAMES WALTHEW, of Westfield Place, Surbiton, in the
County of Surrey, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUSTAINING AND LIFTING DRAUGHT HORSES,
TO PREVENT THEM FALLING OR INJURING THE VEHICLE TO WHICH THEY ARE
ATTACHED," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for sustaining
and lifting draught horses, to prevent them falling or injuring the vehicle to
which they are attached. For this purpose I connect to the saddle of the
harness, or to other sufficiently strong belt or band passing round the horse, a
chain, cord, or strap, proceeding to the top of the vehicle, or to an arm fixed
to the vehicle and above the horse, so that should the horse stumble or fall he
is at once supported by the said chain, cord, or strap. I also connect with the
carriage or vehicle apparatus for hauling up the said chain, cord, or strap, in
order that should the horse run away or otherwise endanger the safety of the
carriage or vehicle, he may by means of this apparatus be lifted off his legs
and rendered powerles. The same apparatus will serve, when the vehicle is
standing, to suspend the horse for the purpose of resting him. In vehicles
drawn by two horses, I prefer, in order to support the horses, more especially
in slippery weather, to arrange between and over them a pulley mounted on
an arm projecting from the vehicle, and I pass a chain, cord, or strap over

page_text: this pulley, the said chain, cord, or strap being secured at one end to the
saddle or belt passing round one horse, and at the other end to the saddle or
belt passing around the other horse, or the pole or shafts of the vehicle may
be employed for supporting and lifting the horse or horses, the outer end of
the pole or shafts being forced upwards so as to support the horse or horses,
or to lift it or them. By this arrangement if one horse slips his weight is at
once thrown on to the other horse, and he is supported sufficiently to allow
him to recover his legs. The pulley and arm may be made stationary, or by
a screw or otherwise it may be raised either so as to assist a horse that has
slipped in recovering its legs, or to impede the horses in running away.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHOW CARDS, WINDOW TICKETS, AND ORNAMENTAL LABELS AS ADVERTISING MEDIUMS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Anton Wasserburger and Theodor
Bessunger at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 31st October 1863.
We, ANTON WASSERBURGER, of No. 9, Calvert Street, Shoreditch, in the
Parish of Shoreditch, in the County of Middlesex, Merchant, and THEODOR
BESSUNGER, Merchant, of the same Place, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHOW
CARDS, WINDOW TICKETS, AND ORNAMENTAL LABELS AS ADVERTISING MEDIUMS,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in manufacturing the above articles to supersede
printing or writing, on painting on paper, glass, wood, or similar surfaces, as
hitherto done, by combinations of single letters on paper, cardboard, glass,
wood, or other suitable surfaces, and in the manufacture of quite a novel kind
of letter for the above specified purposes, by which means we produce our
letters in relief, thereby giving to show cards, window tickets, or labels a
striking prominent appearance, and an increased durability combined with
excessive cheapness.
Our mode of manufacture is as follows:-As the raw material for the
production of the above-named articles we use leather, gilt or silvered or
party-colored, and rendered waterproof by covering the colors and designs
with varnish or using varnish colors. We produce the letters by means of
stamping them to the requisite forms, or by cutting them by hand after
having, by means of stencil plates or designs, determined their requisite forms.

page_text: Although leather forms the principal raw material we reserve for us the use
of imitations of leather, such as American and other cloths, gutta percha
preparations, oil cloth, paper maché, or any other preparation representing the
appearance of leather, and used for other objects and purposes.
Having thus described the nature of the Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be carried into effect, we wish it to be distinctly under-
stood that what we claim and wish particularly to insure to us is the
manufacture and application of leather letters in manufacturing the above
specified mediums for advertising.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLOURING MATTERS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Hanson Greville Williams
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th January 1863.
I, CHARLES HANSON GREVILLE WILLIAMS, of Rumford Street, Glasgow,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF COLOURING MATTERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
coloring matters.
In order to produce a red coloring matter suitable for dyeing and printing,
I treat aniline or one of its homologues with the acetate of mercury. It is
preferred that the aniline or its homologue should be employed in combination
with acetic acid as acetate of aniline (or of a homologue thereof), or it may
be combined with hydrochloric or sulphuric acid as a hydrochlorate or sul-
phate, or the aniline or its homologue may be employed in an uncombined
state. The substances employed should be mixed together and heated until
the color is formed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RECORDING THE REVOLUTIONS OF THE PROPELLING SHAFT OF A STEAM SHIP OR VESSEL
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Lamb at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd March
1863.
I, GEORGE LAMB, late of New York, now of No. 9, America Square,
Minories, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RECORDING THE REVOLUTIONS OF
THE PROPELLING SHAFT OF A STEAM SHIP OR VESSEL," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for recording
the revolutions of the propelling shaft of a steam ship or vessel. For these
purposes, in order to record the number of revolutions of the propelling shaft
of a steam ship or vessel, and the time during which the revolutions are
made, and whether forward or backward, apparatus is combined and used in
the following manner:-A good chronometer or suitable form of timekeeper
is arranged to give motion to a strip of paper at an uniform speed, and to
mark it at intervals, say, one or more times each minute during which the
propelling shaft is in motion. The strip of paper is progressively wound on
to an axis as it is delivered from the apparatus which gives motion thereto,
and causes it to pass the marker put into motion by the chronometer or time-
keeper, as before mentioned. This taking up and winding of the strip of
paper may be by a train of wheels put in motion by a spring or by other
suitable apparatus. The strip of paper before passing to the marking appa-
ratus is wound on to an axis, and sufficient friction is applied to prevent the

page_text: strip of paper unwinding faster than it is drawn off by the apparatus in con-
nection with the time-keeper.
The propelling shaft of the ship or vessel by means of a projection gives
motion to a marker or marking apparatus at each revolution, so that the strip
of paper may be marked each revolution when the vessel or ship is being pro-
pelled forward, but such apparatus is arranged not to act or mark when the
propeller shaft is rotated in the opposite direction, another marker or marking
apparatus being applied, which is acted on only when the propeller shaft is
propelling the ship or vessel sternwise.
A NEW METHOD OF CONNECTING SEVERAL FIRE-PLACES WITH ONE CHIMNEY
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Fassio at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th June 1863.
I, PHILIP FASSIO, residing at Nismes, Rue des Orangers, No. 1, in the
Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW METHOD OF CONNECTING SEVERAL FIRE-PLACES WITH ONE CHIMNEY," to
be as follows:-
My improved arrangement will be composed of a main shaft or pipe (of
brick or other suitable material) leading from the cellar to above the roof
of a house, and which will receive in its passage the smoke of all the fire-
places, no matter their number, or on what floor they are placed. The fire-
places should be situated in line the one above the other. This shaft or pipe
having passed above the roof, will enter an apparatus intended to assist the
escape of the smoke. The said apparatus will have 8 openings four above-
and four beneath, placed at each corner, the centre forming a reservoir in.
which will arrive the smoke, and from whence it will be drawn by the openings.
in question. At the end of each funnel or flue by which I propose conducting
the smoke from each fire-place into the main shaft will be fitted a register,
which, when the fire-place is not in use, will be closed to cut off all
communication with the main shaft. The fire-places will also be in com-
munication with a conduit or pipe, also starting from the cellar and passing
through the roof. This conduit, which will be much smaller than the main
shaft, will serve to feed the fire-places with cold air, to be heated behind the
back of the stove of each fire-place, and then to issue into the apartment by

page_text: hot-air openings on each side of the fire-place. For this purpose a cast-iron
pipe will receive air from the main conduit at the height of the floor of each
storey, which pipe will be let into the wall of the fire-place behind the back
plate of the stove, where it will divide into two branches, which, after causing
the air to circulate over the entire breadth and height of the back plate, will
permit it to escape into the room by the hot-air openings aforesaid. At the
top of the apparatus terminating the main shaft will be a box closed by a
lid, which will be raised when the shaft is to be swept, and at the bottom of
the shaft (in the cellar) will be fitted a register or slide, to be opened when
the shaft is being swept, and beneath which the soot may be received into a
box or sack.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER MACHINERY
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Small at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
September 1863.
I, THOMAS SMALL, of Bargate, Boston, Lincolnshire, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER MACHINERY,"
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to gain power by combining together &
system of toothed wheels and racks. The following is an example of such
combination:-In a suitable framing I place a revolving shaft on which is
mounted two sector wheels, or wheels with teeth on a portion only of their
circumference, the teeth of these wheels take or gear into the teeth of a broad.
rack, said rack being connected by one end to a toothed wheel, the teeth of
which gear into another similar rack connected to another toothed wheel of
larger diameter then the last-mentioned wheel, and so on, if desirable, throughout
a series of wheels and racks, the wheels increasing progressively in diameter.
One of the aforesaid sector wheels is fast on its respective shaft, and the
other loose, these wheels receive rotatory motion in opposite directions by a
bevilled pinion taking into the teeth of bevilled wheels fixed to or formed
upon the aforesaid sector wheels, and these wheels should be so placed with.
respect to each other as that when the teeth of one wheel are in gear with
the broad rack before-mentioned, the teeth of the other sector wheel shall be
out of action for the purpose of producing reciprocating motion of the said

page_text: rack, thereby imparting rotatory motion to the toothed wheel, to which said
rack is connected by its end, and transmitting such motion by its respective
rack to another toothed wheel, and so on in succession as before stated, and
by these means gaining power, which may be imparted in any convenient
manner..
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SIGHTS' FOR FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ethelbert Holborow and Isaac
Parker at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 18th July 1863.
We, ETHELBERT HOLBOROW, of Buckingham Street, Fitzroy Square, and
ISAAC PARKER, of Haughton Street, Clare Market, both in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SIGHTS' FOR FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of
"sights" for fire-arms, whereby the aim of the marksman is rendered more
certain. For this purpose "sights" constructed according to our Invention
are by preference formed with a vertical slot, a graduated scale, and a notched
slide, similar to those in general use carried by a joint on the barrel of the
gun, rifle, or other fire-arm so as to fold down out of the way when out of
It is well known that in taking aim many marksmen fail in holding the
piece correctly, and our improvements consist in applying a plumb line or
pendulum to the "sights" of fire-arms so as to determine the correct position
of the "sight," and consequently of the piece when the aim is taken. To
the upper part of the "sight" a weighted arm or bar is suspended so as to
move freely in its axis, and in this arm or bar we prefer to form a slot to
correspond with the slot in the sight, so that unless the piece is held with, the

page_text: "sight" in a vertical or nearly vertical position (or so that the "sight" does
not lean over either to the right or to the left) the slot in the suspended arm
will not range correctly with the slot in the "sight" and the object aimed at
cannot be seen, but directly the two slots correspond in the line of sight, then
the object can be seen, and a correct aim may be taken.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDE VALVES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th December
1863. A communication from abroad by Louis Amédée Lemaire,
Engineer, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDE VALVES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved slide valve for the cylinders of steam
or other motive power engines to be termed "Lemaire's variable expansion
slide," which is actuated by a regulator while the engine is in motion.
The Invention consists, 1st, in replacing the parallel ports perpendicular
to the axis of the cylinder by ports a, b, c, which are placed obliquely in
inverse directions at a greater or less angle, as seen in Fig. 1 of the Drawing,
which represents a plan of the face of the slide cast on the cylinder.
2ndly, of an improved slide with or without cover, the distributing openings
d, e, f, of which are made at a similar angle to those of ports a, b, c, of the
slide face on the cylinder, as seen in Fig. 2, which represents a plan of
the slide.
3rdly, in the application of a third or regulating slide valve, Fig. 3, with an
emission aperture 9, the sides of which form an angle equal to that of the
axis of the ports in the cylinder and slide above described. The slide, Fig. 2,
is placed on the face of the valve, Fig. 2; the first receives, for example, a to-
and-fro motion from an eccentric in the direction of motion of the piston,
while the second valve, Fig. 3, receives its to-and-fro motion from a regulator,

page_text: but as this motion is produced in a direction at right angles to that of the
slide valve it permits by its peculiar arrangement of a variable expansion at
same time that it coincides with the slightest variation in the speed of the
engine while the distribution is under the immediate influence of the regulator.
The regulating valve, when at the extreme of its course, as seen at Fig. 5,
leaves the ports a, c, completely uncovered, and in its ascensional movement
gradually covers them and then becomes a safety valve and hermetic closure;
the opening 1, 2, Fig. 8, is equal to opening 3, 4, Fig. 1, while opening 5, 6,
Fig. 3, is equal to 7, 8, Fig. 1. The other relative positions of the slide will
be readily understood by those conversant with their use. I have further, in
Fig. 4, represented an intermediate position of the regulating valve showing
the ports as partially closed. In all the Figures the slide face on the cylinder
is drawn in black outline, the slide valve in red and the regulating valve blue,
I may by means of curvilinear openings made in the cylinder, slide, and valve,
obtain nearly the same results, although such an arrangement would be more
complicated and expensive.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mark Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st January
1863.
I, MARK SMITH, of the Firm of Messieurs William Smith and Brothers, of
Heywood, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Makers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, first, in the application of two chains of tappets
working on the same barrel, or placed at the same side of the loom, for working
by a cross shaft and the usual levers and rods the drop boxes at both sides
of the loom.
Secondly, in working the jacquard and the vibrator by the same lever actuated:
by the second-motion wheel or other convenient part of the loom.
Thirdly, in making the lower edge of the vibrator in line with the axis on
which it vibrates, for the purpose of maintaining a uniform action on the warp
irrespective of the diameter of the warp beam.
Fourthly, in supporting the shaft for working the jacquard barrel in a
lever, the fulcrum of which coincides with the pitch line of the wheels by
which the barrel is driven, so as to be able to throw the barrel beyond reach
of the needles, whereby the cards are kept in order and position when the
loom is turned back; or the same object is accomplished when the jacquard
is placed below by a pinion on the crank shaft driving a pinion on a side shaft
on which is a cam or scroll acting on a fixed pin.
Fifthly, in making the jacquard barrel with two or more rows of holes and

page_text: varying the level of the needles by a cam shaft or other equivalent, so as to
bring them in line with any required row of holes.
Sixthly, in giving a positive motion to the taking-up roller by wheels and
pinions driven by the crank or tappet shaft, and dispensing with the ratchet
wheel now generally employed, by this means when the loom is turned back
a similar motion is given to the taking up roller..
And, seventhly, in an improved weft stop motion consisting of a thin blade
of steel or other metal fitting between the dents of the read, and sliding in
brackets attached to the headtop and batten; this blade is raised at every
pick by an incline attached to the breast beam, or other convenient fixture,
and in dropping between the warp threads, which form the grid, it feels for
the weft; if the weft is absent the blade drops and acts on a lever connected
to the stop rod for the purpose of stopping the loom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SUPPLYING AIR TO LIGHTS IN MINES, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Renwick Bowditch at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
December 1863.
I, WILLIAM RENWICK BOWDITCH, Clerk of Saint Andrew's, Wakefield, in
the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SUPPLYING AIR TO LIGHTS IN MINES, AND IN THE APPARATUS
EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
To carry out my improvements, I condense air by a pump or by any other
suitable means, and convey it in pipes to a receiver, and thence to the light
to be supplied, or directly from the condenser to the light. The light (naked
or in a safety lamp) is placed in a lantern, which has an aperture for the
admission of the pure air and one or more apertures for the exit of air and
products of combustion. The condensed air is conducted through a pipe
which fits tightly into the lantern, and by this air combustion is supported.
The surplus air and the products of combustion pass out through the apertures
made for that purpose in the lantern. The air being supplied to the lantern
under pressure prevents the entry of firedamp and of any other dangerous gas
which may surround the lantern. Air under pressure is apt to extinguish
lights supplied with it, and to flow to waste if the current be not regulated;
to prevent this, I pass it through a pipe or pipes obstructed by screw plugs or
taps, or wire, or by combinations of these, or by other suitable impediments,
so that its flow may be regulated according to the supply needed.
I also use the waste air blown off from engines worked by compressed air.
In this case the air which is blown off is received into a suitable box with a

page_text: valve before it is allowed to mingle with the atmosphere, and it is conducted
from the box to the light through a pipe or pipes, as above described.
I also use condensed air by allowing it to escape under and around lamps
and lights without enclosing them in lanterns, but this plan is not so efficient
or so economical as the one above described.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF MANUFACTURING, RAILWAY WHEELS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
October 1863. A communication from abroad by James Millholland, of
Philadelphia, in the United States of America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, .do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF MANUFACTURING,
RAILWAY WHEELS," to be as follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to enable manufacturers of railway
wheels to apply the tyre when cold, and thus to remove the disadvantages.
attendant on shrinking on the tyre. To this end the inside of the tyre is
rolled on a bevilled roll, and the ring of the wheel is turned slightly conical
to correspond thereto. After carefully boring out the tyre true and smooth,,
so that it shall measure, say, one-eighth of an inch less than the wheel centre,
and boring conical holes therein to receive the ends of set screws that are
tapped into the rim of the wheels, and radiate from the centre thereof. The
tyre is forced on by means of clamps until the set screws and jam nuts can
be applied. The set screws acting upon an inclined side of the conical holes.
will, as they are driven, tend to draw the tyre securely on the wheel, and will
hold it firmly in position.
The advantages claimed for this method of manufacturing railway wheels
are, the uniformity of the strain upon all parts of the tyre alike, by which

page_text: much greater strength is given to the tyre than where one section has an
undue amount of tension over the other parts. Secondly, an entire freedom
from danger by overheating or suddenly cooling the tyre in shrinking it on
by the usual method of heat.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BEDS AND BEDDING
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Peter Booth at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd November
1863.
I, JOHN PETER BOOTH, of Cork, in the Kingdom of Ireland, Feather
Purifier, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BEDS AND BEDDING," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in beds and bedding has for its object to
make a comfortable and useful bed and bedstead at a cheaper rate than
heretofore. To this end I supersede the use of the ordinary palliasse, and also
the laths and spring mattrass of the bedstead, and in place thereof I employ
a strong wooden frame, which is provided with open woven canework to
support the mattrass or bedding. This canework will give a certain amount of
elasticity or flexibility combined with strength, which is not attained with laths
or webbing. The bed is composed of a mattrass and feather bed combined
in one outer case, which is divided into two compartments, in one of which
the ordinary stuffing for mattrasses is placed, or a coarse and cheap kind of
feathers may be employed, and in the other compartment the ordinary feather
stuffing is placed. In this way a combined bed and mattrass is made. in the
same tick or outer covering, and a soft and comfortable bed may be thus made
with a much smaller quantity of feathers than heretofore. If preferred, the

page_text: stuffing for the mattrass may be placed in a separate case, and attached to
the other by means of straps, bands, or strings, and used in combination with
the canework bottom frame above described. I would also observe that I
sometimes provide legs to be screwed into the canework frame, so as to form
a bedstead in case of need.
IMPROVED METHODS OF CONNECTING LAMP CHIMNIES AND OTHER GLASSES OR SHADES WITH THE BURNERS OF LAMPS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Jones Duggan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
June 1868.
I, FREDERICK JONES DUGGAN, of Bristol, in the County of Gloucester, Oil
and Colour Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED METHODS OF CONNECTING LAMP CHIMNIES AND OTHER GLASSES OR
SHADES WITH THE BURNERS OF LAMPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements whereby lamp chimnies and
other glasses or shades can be rapidly and securely connected with the burners
of the lamps to which they are applied or in connection with which they
are used. A metal flange or collar is attached by suitable means to the
bottom of the chimney or other glass or shade, such flange or collar being
constructed with notches therein, or having constructed thereon or attached
thereto studs or projections. Instead of such notches or studs or projections
being constructed in or on or attached to such flange or collar, the chimney
or other glass or shade itself may be made with a flange at the bottom or
lower part thereof, the notches or studs or projections being formed therein
or thereon. The burner is constructed or furnished with a collar or ring
at the top thereof, the same having notches therein or studs or projections
thereon corresponding to the notches or studs or projections in or upon the
collar or flange attached to the chimney or other glass or shade, or formed in

page_text: or on the same. Upon applying the notches or studs or projections in or on
the chimney or other glass or shade, or the flange or collar attached thereto,
to the corresponding studs or notches upon the collar or ring at the top of
the burner, and giving the same a simple rotary movement; the chimney or
other glass or shade is securely connected with the burner.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR MOWING GRASS OR REAPING GRAIN
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Adam at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th Sep-
tember 1868.
I, LOUIS ADAM, of Moscow, in the Empire of Russia, Merchant, do hereby
declare of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR MOWING
GRASS OR REAPING GRAIN," to be as follows:-
My improvement consists in constructing an iron frame, which is supported
on one or more wheels, so as to be drawn along by animal power. On this
frame I fix suitable bearings to carry the upright axis of a circular disc or
plate, having a serrated edge or saw teeth on its periphery, which is caused to
revolve by suitable gearing and connections from the axis of the wheel or
wheels when they rotate by being drawn along the ground; this circular disc
or plate, with its serrated edge, is made to revolve between two fixed quadrants,.
one above the other below the revolving disc; the under quadrant has fixed
on its edge or pheriphery rake teeth to collect the grain or grass, and the upper
one has also a serrated or screw teeth fixed on its pheriphery. When the
machine is drawn along against the standing grain or grass, the rake teeth
guides the same towards revolving disc or plate, the teeth in the prephery of
which, acting against the teeth that are fixed to the periphery of the upper
quadrant, cuts down the grain or mows the grass.
In order to collect the grain or grass as it is cut, and to deliver it to the
side of the reaping or mowing machine, I make the axis of the revolving dise

page_text: of sufficient height to enable me to fix on it several horizontal arms having
rake teeth, which, as these arms revolve, collect the grain or grass as fast as
either is cut, and by certain fixed guides so arranged that these revolving
arms pass between them, and so cause the grain or grass to be deposited on
the ground ready for being collected into sheaves.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN THE PROCESS OF DISTILLATION
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lightfoot and Frederick
Trachsel at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 31st January 1863.
We, JOHN LIGHTFOOT, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, Chemist,
and FREDERICK TRACHSEL, of Manchester, in the said County, Chemist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN THE PROCESS OF DISTILLATION," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a system of continuous distillation which is per-
formed by our improved still, the construction of which is as follows:-We
take a strong tube made of any suitable metal or material and any convenient'
form or shape, which is provided with a main tap or valve at one extremity to
admit and regulate the flow of steam introduced within the tube; at its other
extremity it is provided with a tap or valve to let out the condensed water
and the surplus steam. This tube is placed in a slanting position, and we
rivet, solder, or braze at the upper surface of the tube longitudinal slips of
metal forming a trough or channel, and also sometimes transverse ridges or
small bars, either metallic, of glass, porcelain, or other suitable materials, to
increase the surface and retard the flow of the liquors passing upon them.
The tube thus prepared is enclosed in a larger one made of similar materials
to the first. Both ends of this outer tube or case are closed, and in order to
let off the vapours of the substances distilled we adapt at or near to the upper
extremity of this outer tube a head or bent tube similar to a swan's neck,

page_text: At
which is joined or connected with proper worms, coolers, or condensers.
the upper end of the outer case we also place a smaller tube to deliver a
stream or streams, jet or jets, or droppings of the matters undergoing distil-
lation by the heat of the inner steam pipe; this smaller tube has a proper
tap or valve to regulate the flow of these matters from the supplying vessel.
At the lower extremity of the outer case we also place an outlet to pass off
those matters which have undergone the operation of distilling, & which are
left as residues. This outlet pipe may be put in communication with a
worm or cooler, or may pass at once into a waste still or other convenient
vessel.
This distilling apparatus is applicable to all liquid matters or fluid sub-
stances requiring to be distilled, and may be used with any degree of steam
pressure, for which it may be specially constructed or strengthened.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR SAVING OR PRESERVING MONEY, PAPERS, OR OTHER VALUABLE PROPERTY AT SEA IN CASE OF SHIPWRECK
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Blacktin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th January
1863. A communication from abroad by Charles Blacktin, of Mill
Town, Saint Stephen's, New Brunswick, America.
I, HENRY BLACKTIN, of Bradford, in the County of York, Saw Maker and
Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR SAVING OR PRESERVING MONEY,
PAPERS, OR OTHER VALUABLE PROPERTY AT SEA IN CASE OF SHIPWRECK," a com-
munication to me from abroad by Charles Blacktin, of Mill Town, Saint
Stephen's, New Brunswick, America (to be as follows) :-
This Invention consists of a waterproof vessel constructed in the form of a
boat or any other convenient form and size, and of suitable materials, so. as to
be capable of floating and resisting the action of water and rocks. or other
bodies. One or two openings or hatchways are made in the top of the vessel,
to which covers or lids are to be fixed by screws, bolts, locks, or other suitable
means, and whereby they are capable of being made water-tight; money,
papers, or other valuable property may then be enclosed in this vessel, and
the vessel conveniently placed on shipboard, and which, in case of shipwreck,
may be thrown overboard, when it will float ashore, where it will be picked
up, and the contents be thus saved or preserved.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRYING YARNS OR THREADS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Blackwood and John
Blackwood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 22nd January 1863.
We, WILLIAM BLACKWOOD and JOHN BLACKWOOD, of Craigton, in the
County of Dumbarton, North Britain, Bleachers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRYING
YARNS OR THREADS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention of improvements in machinery for drying yarns or threads
has for object the convenient and efficient treatment of any kind of yarns or
threads when in the hank form.
In a modification embodying the improvements there are three cans or
hollow cylinders formed with tubular spindles projecting from one end only,
and mounted in bearings in such a way that the cans are overhung. The
ends of all the spindles are entered into stuffing-box bearings communicating
The two side
with steam passages, whereby steam is admitted into the cans.
cans are made to rotate by means of suitable gearing upon their spindles, but
the middle can is turned by the friction of the yarn or thread passing in
contact with it. This middle can is also made to put the requisite tension on
the yarn, the bearings of its spindle being arranged to allow the can to bear
down upon the yarns, and if its own weight does not give sufficient tension
additional weights may be applied to it. In using the machine the bank or
hanks to be dried are put upon the two outer cans, and so that the middle can
may bear down upon the yarn, and the machine is set in motion, the operation of

page_text: putting on and taking off being greatly facilitated by the cans being overhung.
The number and arrangement of the cans and the other details may be
modified to suit circumstances, and, if desired, a fan may be added to clear
away the steam made to rise from the wet or damp yarn by the hot cans.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING AND IN REDUCING AND BRIGHTENING THE COLOR OR TONE OF DYED STRAW PLAITS AND STRAW
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Davis Welch and Alfred
Phippen Welch at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th March 1863.
We, JOHN DAVIS WELCH and ALFRED PHIPPEN WELCH, both of Gutter
Lane, in the City of London, and of Luton, in the County of Bedford, Straw
Hat Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING AND IN REDUCING AND BRIGHTENING THE COLOR OR
TONE OF DYED STRAW PLAITS AND STRAW," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of improvements in the treatment of straw plaits
and straw by first dyeing or staining them and then bleaching or reducing their
color, whereby the straw acquires a brighter appearance, the color being
reduced to a neutral and uniform tint. We propose to subject the straw plaits
or straw to the action of vegetable dyes dissolved in boiling water, for instance,
to a solution of cudbear and schumac in equal proportions, or to any other
vegetable dye, according to the tint of color required. The schumac acts as a
mordant, but other well-known mordants might be used, such as the sulphate or
acetate of alumina, although we prefer the schumac. After the straw has taken
the dye, we propose to subject it to the action of a hot solution of carbonate
of potash or salt of tartar about two parts, salt of sorrel about half a part, and
oxalic acid about one part to each gallon of water, which should not be
allowed to reach the boiling temperature. After being treated for one hour by
the above solution the straws are to be removed, when it will be found that tho
color they had first acquired by the dye has become reduced, and that the tone
up

page_text: of color has become brightened, although assuming a neutral tint. The pro-
portion of the carbonate of potash may be varied, the object should be to
employ just sufficient potash or tartar as to nearly neutralize without destroy-
ing the acid. After removal froin this solution, the straw plaits or straw should
be subjected to the strong fumes of burning brimstone in an ordinary steam
chamber for about two hours, after which it should be allowed to dry, when
the straw will be found to have acquired the new and improved appearance
before described.
It is by the primary action of the vegetable dyes upon the straw and the
secondary action of reducing or withdrawing such dyes that the natural color
of the straw is removed and the light shades and neutral tints are attained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-COLLARS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
September 1863.-A communication from Toussaint Landrin, Manu-
facturer, residing at Place de la Monnaie, Nantes, Loire Inferieure,
in the Empire of France,
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, Patent Agent, of the British and Foreign
Patent Offices, 24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France,
and 38, Porchester Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-COLLARS,"
it is a communication from Toussaint Landrin, Manufacturer, a person residing
at Place de la Monnaie, Nantes, Loire Inferieure, in the Empire of France,
aforesaid, to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in applying a rack and pinion system to horse-collars
by means of which they may be enlarged more or less, according to the size of
the horse's neck. The accompanying Drawing represents a collar to which
this system has been applied.
As may be seen, the rack consists of two stays A, A, in steel or iron, tho
upper parts of which unite and form a plate, which is slightly elastic, and is
surmounted by a cap B in leather to hide the corresponding part of the rack
when it is lowered. These stays pass under the upper part of the garniture of
the collar into sheaths C worked for the purpose. One side of each of these
bands or stays is provided with teeth, which catch in two pinions in the interior
of the collar, and at the extremities of the rings D, D, through which the reins

page_text: pass, and which are moveable, so that by turning them one way or the other
the two branches of the rack are caused to rise or descend, and consequently
the collar is enlarged or shrunk.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF ANNIHILATING OR EXTINGUISHING FIRES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Roger Dawson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
July 1863.
I, ROGER DAWSON, of No. 16, Craven Street, Strand, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF ANNIHILATING OR EXTINGUISHING FIRES," to be as
follows:-
Heretofore fires have been attempted to be extinguished by means of
fire-engines placed outside the premises to be acted upon, and hose from such
engines as conduits for water. Now my Invention is to have a connection
between the cistern or reservoir of water, shown as "No. 1 "in in the Diagram
hereunto annexed marked "B," by means of tubes marked "No. 2" in the
said Diagram, and an open or perforated ceiling, surface, groove, channel, or
plate of zinc or other metal or material marked "No. 3" in the said Diagram,
which should be introduced or constructed in or upon or form any roof,
cornice, ceiling, wall, panel, wainscoating, or any other part of any room or
rooms in or belonging to any dwelling house, building, or erection whatsoever,
so that in the event of fire breaking out the water could be instantaneously
turned on by means of the taps Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, marked "K" in the said
Diagram, and brought into powerful and continuous action within the room or
place for the extinguishment of the fire, as shown in operation in the drawing
room No. 4, dining room "No. 5," and kitchen No. 6, in the said Diagram.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC DRUMS, KEGS, CASKS, AND LIKE CYLINDRICAL PACKAGES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Cope at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petitiou, on the 21st November
1863.
I, DAVID COPE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Oil Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC DRUMS, KEGS, CASKS, AND LIKE CYLINDRICAL
PACKAGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that branch of the manufacture of metallic casks
and other cylindrical packages, known as "dipping the ends," and the object
thereof is to cause the molten soldering inetal to enter between the sheets or
metals to be joined together and to remain in that position, and so securely
unite, make solid, and strengthen the chimbs.
The essential feature of the Invention is giving rotatory motion to the cask
or other cylindrical vessel during and immediately after dipping the end
thereof; and the means or apparatus which I prefer to employ can be used in
the manufacture of casks and other cylindrical vessels constructed according
to the system secured to me by Letters Patent of date the 8th day of October
1860, No. 2429, and constructed in the ordinary manner. When the heads
or ends are fitted into the body, and the chimbs made ready for dipping, the
cask or other cylindrical vessel is made to rest on one end on a horizontal
plate smaller in diameter than the head or end resting thereon, so that the
chimbs shall hang over the periphery of the said plate and be immersed in a
bath of liquid soldering material. The said plate has a stem passing down-

page_text: wards and resting in a step, so that the whole can easily be made to rotate.
The cask is by hand power or otherwise made to rotate with the plate for a
short time to cause the molten soldering metal to enter between the head and
body, and in the case of my Patent drums or casks above referred to, between
the head and body and between these and the binding hoop. At this stage of
the process the cask or drum is moved from the rotating plate and liquid
soldering metal bath on to another plate of similar size and construction, and
by hand force or other power applied to the cask or other cylindrical vessel both
the plate and vessel are made to rotate. The rotatory motion tends to throw
the liquid soldering material centrifugally away from the cask or vessel, and
thus prevents it from gravitating downwards, and keeps it in the desired
position until it has cooled and made a strong and secure chimb. During the
rotation of the cask or other vessel the molten soldering metal is rubbed off
the chimbs by a pad of fibre or other material held in a person's hand, or by
a cleaner fastened on the end of a lever to be brought into operation by a
person's foot.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR GETTING COAL OR OTHER MINERALS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Watson Burton, Samuel
Gibson Rhodes, Samuel Exley Seanor, and William Scruton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 25th
May 1863.
We, JOHN WATSON BURTON, SAMUEL GIBSON RHODES, SAMUEL EXLEY
SEANOR, all of Leeds, in the County of York, and WILLIAM SCRUTON, of
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR GETTING COAL OR
OTHER MINERALS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention has for its object an improved method of getting coal or
other minerals. This end we accomplish (commencing at any given point or
points in the pit or mine) by piercing the bed of coal or other minerals with
one or more cutters, having a reciprocating motion imparted, by preference,
by a V or other slide socket or sockets, which in turn is or are actuated by
links attached to a bell-crank lever, this latter being actuated by a cam,
eccentric, or other suitable motion, which may be placed on the second-motion
shaft. The depth or depths of the cut or cuts taken in the bed of coal or other
minerals may be regulated by the above-mentioned cam, eccentric, or other
similar and convenient motion. We prefer that the cutter or cutters should
be of the gouge pattern, and in some cases the rasp pattern. The cutter or
cutters are caused to travel in a direction at right angles to it, or their planing
or cutting direction or directions, by means of a ratchet wheel actuated, by
preference, from the second-motion shaft, and connected by suitable gearing to

page_text: the frame carrying the V or other slide socket or sockets, above named. After
each return of the cutter or cutters, the ratchet wheel above named moves
the carrying frame or frames so much as may be required to present sufficient
surface to the cutting edge or edges of the cutter or cutters, the operation
being repeated until the carrying frame or frames shall have arrived at the
farthest points allowed by the limits of the machine, which being mounted on
wheels is then traversed for further operations to another part of the pit by
suitable gearing.