IMPROVE- MENTS IN PORTABLE FORGES, CONSTITUTING A COMBINED TOOL FOR SMITHS' WORK
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Hardinge, of Holbrook House, Canterbury Road,
Brixton, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PORTABLE FORGES, CONSTITUTING A COMBINED TOOL FOR SMITHS'
WORK."
Sealed the 2nd March 1880, and dated the 5th September 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Hardinge at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th September 1879.
JAMES HARDINGE, of Holbrook House, Canterbury Road, Brixton, in the County
of Surrey, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE FORGES, CONSTITUTING A
COMBINED TOOL FOR SMITHS' WORK,"
"
This Invention relates to improvements in portable forges, the object being by
improved arrangement and construction of parts to provide a portable forge
apparatus combining a 'hearth," a blower, and means for driving said fan or
blower, which will be of more handy and economical construction than ordinary,
together with grinding or polishing apparatus, circular saw and bench, drill and
chuck, vice and anvil appliance, the same constituting as a whole an improved
combined tool for smiths' work.
The apparatus is constructed as follows:-
The hearth of the forge is supported upon a frame or standard of cast or wrought
iron, furnished with suitable feet, which may be bolted to the ground, and upon the
tack of the standard is bolted the fan case, on which is secured a bearing bracket
for the shaft of the fan, upon which fan shaft is mounted a pinion or friction pulley
in gear with a spur or friction driving wheel, the shaft whereof is carried in a
bearing also bracketed to the standard, said shaft of the driving wheel carrying a
ratchet and pawl box in gear with the hub of the driving or spur wheel, and
a pinion or drum upon said ratchet and pawl box, with which ratchet and pawl
box, pinion, and drum is geared or connected a toothed segment lever, or a pair of
arms carrying flexible bands, so that by reciprocating action of a hand lever or
treadle the said toothed segment lever or the arms carrying the flexible bands are
caused to reciprocate or rotate the ratchet and pawl box alternately in a backward
Driss G71

page_text: and forward direction to operate the ratchet box, and impel the driving wheel by
the ratchet and pawl box.
The improved ratchet and pawl device consists of a ratchet wheel and a driving
pinion formed of a piece, and one or more pawls (preferably two) are pivoted upon
the hub of the driving wheel in such relation as to gear with the ratchet wheel.
The toothed quadrant lever is geared with the driving pinion of the ratchet wheel,
or the bands of the arms are attached to opposite sides of the driving spindle
pulley on the ratchet wheel, and said quadrant lever or arms and flexible bands is
or are to be operated reciprocally by the lever handle or treadle. The pawls gear
with the ratchet wheel only in one direction, that is, upon the down stroke of the
lever arm, so as to actuate the driving wheel or spur, which gives motion by
frictional contact with a papier maché or other friction pulley on the fan shaft, or
by a spur wheel gearing with a pinion, or by strap to drive the fan shaft off the
driving wheel. The ratchet and pawl box and pinion may also be operated by a
A spiral
straight rack actuated by lever, treadle, or other reciprocating motion.
spring will be attached to the handle to act as a counterbalance for the treadle.
The shaft of the driving wheel or of the fan is carried out to the side of the forge
standard, and is provided with a screw for the reception of a chuck for drilling or
turning, circular sawing, grinding, polishing, and other purposes interchangeably,
or with a universal chuck and flexible shaft.
Underneath the hearth there is fixed a tool box, in which the movable or inter-
changeable parts or tools may be kept, and upon the side of the hearth is fixed a
vice and an anvil combined of separate.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Hardinge in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th March
1880.
JAMES HARDINGE, of Holbrook House, Canterbury Road, Brixton, in the County
of Surrey, Gentleman. IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE FORGES, CONSTITUTING A
COMBINED TOOL FOR SMITHS' WORK."
This Invention relates to improvements in portable forges, the object being by
improved arrangement and construction of parts to provide a portable forge
apparatus combining a "hearth," a blower, and means for driving said fan or
blower, which will be of more handy and economical construction than ordinary,
together with grinding or polishing apparatus, circular saw and bench, drill and
chuck, vice and anvil appliance, the same constituting as a whole an improved
combined tool for smiths' work.
In the accompanying Sheet of Drawings I have represented the apparatus. Fig. 1
is a side view; Fig. 2, view from right hand of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is side view of similar
construction of apparatus of modified form; and Fig. 4 is view from right hand of
Fig. 3.
The apparatus is constructed as follows:-
The hearth A of the forge is supported upon a frame or standard B of cast or
wrought iron, furnished with suitable feet, which may be bolted to the ground, and
upon the back of the standard B is bolted the fan case C, on which is secured a
bearing bracket C¹ for the shaft of the fan, upon which fan shaft is mounted a
pinion or friction pulley D in gear with a spur or friction driving wheel E, which
runs free on the shaft E¹ bolted to the standard. F is a ratchet and pawl clutch
box on driving wheel hub, which hub carries two pawls F¹, which pawls gear with
a ratchet wheel' G on the pinion (or a drum) H. In gear with the spur pinion is a
toothed segment lever I (or a pair of arms carrying flexible band or bands carried
over and around the drum H from opposite sides may be employed), which segment
lever I (or arms and straps) will be worked by reciprocating action of a hand lever K
(or treadle K¹, with connecting rod K2, both shown in the Drawings); thus the
clutch box F and its ratchet wheel G will be operated alternately in a forward and
backward direction to engage the pawls F of the driving wheel E and impel same,
and so drive pulley D of the fan and other attachments.
In operation the toothed segment lever I is geared with the pinion H of the
ratchet wheel G (or bands on the arms are attached to opposite sides of pulley H
on the ratchet wheel G), and said quadrant lever I (or arins thereof and flexible
bands) attached thereto, as the case may be, is (or are) to be operated reciprocally
by the lever handle K or treadle K¹. The pawls F¹ gear with the ratchet wheel G
only in one direction, that is, upon the down stroke of the lever arm K, so as to
actuate the driving wheel E which gives motion by frictional contact with a papier
maché, india rubber, or other friction pulley D on the fan shaft, or by a spur wheel
gearing with a pinion, or by strap to drive the fan shaft off the driving wheel. The
ratchet and pawl and pinion may also be operated by a straight rack actuated by
lever, treadle, or other reciprocating motion. A spiral spring L will be attached to
the handle to act as counterbalance for the treadle.
Underneath the hearth there is fixed a tool box M, in which the movable or
interchangeable parts or tools may be kept, and upon the side of the hearth is fixed
a vice N and an anvil N', combined or separate.
The shaft of the driving wheel or of the fan is carried out to the side of the forge
standard, and, as shown in the Drawings, said fan shaft is provided with a screw
for the reception of a chuck O for drilling or turning, circular sawing, grinding,
polishing, and other purposes, interchangeably or with a universal chuck and flexible
shaft P, and grindstone or emery wheel Q and trough and saw bench Q¹ combined.

page_text: In Fig. 4 is represented at R fast and loose pulleys on the driving wheel shaft,
and at O¹ an adjustable holding head or clamp.
This improved tool or apparatus is principally designed for purpose of meeting
the requirements of workmen engaged in out door repairs or fitting, and by its usc
will be avoided the unnecessary delay often caused by parts having to be taken to
the works for want of convenience for dealing with them on the spot.
The apparatus would be useful for military purposes, and in such cases by the
application of a boiler or receptacle above the hearth would be applicable for heating
water and for culinary purposes, but no claim is made to such boiler device apart
from its novel application in combination with the improved construction of forges
as herein specified.
Having now described the particulars of the said Invention I claim,-
The improvements in portable forges constituting the combined tool for smiths"
work, as herein specified and shown by the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Hardinge, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fourth day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty.
JAMES HARDINGE, D.Sc., M.A. (L.S.)
In presence of
WALTER A. BARLOW,
Patent Agent & Engineer,
6, St. Paul's Chyd.,
London, E.C.