IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOLS OR APPARATUS FOR PLANING OR SHAPING STONE AND SIMILAR HARD SUBSTANCES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Young, Engineer, and Thomas Thomson,
Builder, both of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOLS OR APPARATUS FOR PLANING
OR SHAPING STONE AND SIMILAR HARD SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 16th October 1875, and dated the 24th April 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Young and
Thomas Thomson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 24th April 1875.
WC, ROBERT YOUNG, Engineer, and THOMAS THOMSON, Builder,
both of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOLS
OR APPARATUS FOR PLANING OR SHAPING STONE AND SIMILAR HARD SUBSTANCES,"
to be as follows, that is to say :-
:-
This Invention relates to the planing or shaping of stone and similar
hard substances, and consists principally in combining a series of
diamonds upon a holder or tool block in an improved manner to form a

page_text: compound tool, which can be used so as at one operation to reduce a
rough stone surface down to a plane surface, which for many purposes
will require no further finishing, notwithstanding that parts of the
original surface may have projected upwards of an inch from the
intended finished surface.
A planing machine, such as is used for iron, may be employed in
carrying out the Invention according to one modification, the diamond
holder being substituted for the ordinary planing tool. The holder or
block is formed with a bevilled face, the plane of such face being such
as would if continued intersect the horizontal plane of the table or
carriage in a longitudinal line. The diamonds are fixed so as to project
from the bevilled face of the holder, and are arranged in a regular order,
so that as measured vertically they are at a regular distance or pitch,
each one lower than the next higher of the series, whilst they are
separated horizontally by distances which are convenient for properly
fixing each in its place. As the stone is moved longitudinally
under the tool cach diamond takes its own cut, the combined effect
being to form a bevil projecting upwards and laterally from the finished
surface left by the lowest diamond.
When after each longitudinal action the tool is fed across the machine
each diamond will next operate upon the part of the stone left by the
former action of the next higher diamond, and the lowest diamond will
finish the work after all the others have operated.
Instead of the stone being moved for the cut, as in a planing machine,
the stone may be stationary during the cut, and it may be moved
transversely for the feed between the cuts, the tool being moved
fectilineally for the cut, and its motion being derived from a crank or
cam, or in any other convenient way; or the diamonds may be fixed on
a bevilled or coned surface on a disc fixed on a revolving shaft, the
stone being made to travel at a moderato · rate across or beneath the face
of the disc, the disc being on a horizontal shaft for planing a vertical
surface, and on a vertical shaft for planing a horizontal surface.
The diamonds may be fixed on the holder in any suitable known way;
it is however preferred to fix them in a gun metal or bronze plate, a
small hole being drilled for each diamond, and the metal round the hole
being then staved in upon the sides of the diamond. The plate is

page_text: formed or cast with slight protuberances where the diamonds are
to bo.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Young and Thomas Thomson in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 22nd October 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ROBERT
YOUNG, Engineer, and TпOMAS THOMSON, Builder, both of Glasgow,
in the County of Lanark, North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said Robert Young and Thomas
Thomson, Her special licence that we, the said Robert Young and
Thomas Thomson, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said Robert Young and Thomas Thomson, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
" IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOLS OR APPARATUS FOR PLANING OR SHAPING STONE
AND SIMILAR HARD SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said Robert Young and Thomas Thomson, our execu-
tors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our,
or their, or one of their hands and scals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Robert Young and Thomas
Thomson, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement in writing, reference
being had to the accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
6
Our said Invention relates to the planing or shaping of stone and
similar hard substances, and consists principally in combining a series of
diamonds upon a holder or tool block in an improved manner to form a
compound tool, which can be used so as at one operation to reduce a
rough stone surface down to a plane surface, which for many purposes 1
will require no further finishing, notwithstanding that parts of the
original rough surface may have projected upwards of an inch from the
intended finished surface.
And in order that our said Invention and the manner of performing
the same may be properly understood, we hereunto append two Sheets of 1
explanatory Drawings, to be herein-after referred to and representing
modifications of our improved tools and apparatus. In these Drawings
the same reference numerals are used to mark the same or like parts
wherever they are repeated.
Figures 1 and 2 on Sheet 1 of the Drawings are front and side 20
clevations of the tool holder of an ordinary metal planing machine,
which machine may be employed in carrying out our said Invention
according to one modification, the diamond holder 1 being substituted
for the ordinary planing tool.
The diamond holder or block 1 is shown enlarged in front end 2
elevation in Figure 3, and in side elevation in Figure 4. It is formed
with a bevilled face 2, the plane of such face being such as would if
continued intersect the horizontal plane of the table or carriage of the
machine in a longitudinal line. The diamonds are fixed so as to project
from the bevilled face 2 of the holder, and are arranged in a regular 30
order, so that as measured vertically they are at a regular distance or
pitch, each one lower than the next higher of the series, whilst they are
separated horizontally by distances which are convenient for properly
fixing each in its place. As the stone 3 is moved longitudinally under
the tool each diamond takes its own cut, the combined effect being to 35
form a bevil 4 projecting upwards and laterally from the finished
surface 5 left by the lowest diamond.

page_text: When after each longitudinal action the tool 1 is by the ordinary feed
motion of the planing machine shifted a little transverscly, each diamond
will during the next longitudinal traverse of the stone operate upon
the part of the stone left by the former action of the next higher
diamond, and the lowest diamond will always finish the work at
each longitudinal line in succession after all the other diamonds have
operated.
Instead of the stone 3 being moved for the cut, as in a planing
machine, the stone may be stationary during the cut, and it or the tool
may be moved transversely for the feed between the cuts, the tool being
moved rectilineally for the cut, and its motion being derived from a
crank, or cam, or in any other convenient way.
Figure 7, Sheet 2, is a plan of a machine for carrying out this
modification, Figure 8 being an end elevation, and Figure 9 a side
clevation. This machine, which is designed for shaping or dressing
simultaneously the top and two vertical sides of a block of stone,
comprises two vertical side frames 6 formed with longitudinal
guides or rails 7 at their upper edges, on which there is fitted to
move a slide or saddle 8, to which are jointed a pair of connecting
rods indicated by a dotted line 9 in Figure 9, and having their
other ends jointed to crank pins 10 on a pair of revolving discs 11
driven in any convenient manner. The saddle 8 is fitted with a
transversely movable slide 12, having fixed on its under side a diamond
tool block 1 for acting on the top of the stone 3. To the under side of
the saddle 8 there are fixed two brackets 13, 14, which have diamond
tool blocks 15, 16, fitted to slide vertically on them for acting on the
sides of the stone. The side tools 15, 16, are fed or adjusted transversely
by a screw spindle 19. Star wheels may be fixed on the several feeding
spindles 17, 18, 19, to be acted on at cach end of the stroke of the
saddle 8 by encountering fixed tappets 20. The block of stone 3 is
fixed on a truck 21, which when moved into position between the
frames 6 is secured by screws 22 during the operation of the diamond
tools.
The diamonds may be fixed in the regular graduated manner herein-
before specified on a bevilled or coned surface on a disc or wheel, which
is fixed on a revolving shaft. Such a wheel 23 is shown in face view in
Fiœure 5. and in section in Figure 6, on Sheet 1; and Figures 10 and

page_text: 11 on Sheet 2 are an end and a side elevation of a machine for employing
a single diamond bevil wheel 23 as it may be termed on one vertical
face of a stone block 3. The diamond bevil wheel 23 is fixed on a
horizontal shaft 24 mounted in suitable bearings and driven by means
of fast and loose pulleys 25. The stone is placed on a slide or table 26 5
fitted to move on guides formed on frame pieces 27, the stone being
adjusted and held by screws 28 tapped through brackets 29 fixed to the
slide 26, blocks of wood 30 being by preference used as beds for the
stone. The diamond bevil wheel 23 is made to revolve at a rapid rate,
whilst the stone is carried at a comparatively slow rate past it, the ]
slide 26 being moved by means of a rack on its under side and feed
gearing, which will be understood from the Drawing, and which may be
arranged in any convenient way.
Figures 12 and 13, Sheet 2, are an end and side elevations of a machine
designed for acting with three diamond bevil wheels 23 on three faces 1
of a block of stone 3 simultaneously. Three vertical shafts 31, 32, 33,
geared together by spur wheels 34 are carried by a strong framing 35.
The middle shaft 32 has fast on its upper end a pulley 36 to be driven
by a horizontal belt, whilst on its bottom end is fixed the diamond bevil
wheel 23 for acting on the top surface of the stone 3. The other two 1
vertical shafts 31, 33, are geared by toothed bevil wheels 37, 38, to
horizontal shafts 39, 40, having fast on them the diamond bevil
wheels 23 for acting on the sides of the stone 3. The block of stone 3
is supported on a truck 21, and is also guided by bars 41 fixed to the
framing, whilst it is moved along by feed gearing arranged as shown in
the Drawing, or in any other convenient way.
The diamonds may be fixed on the block 1 or bevil wheels 23 in any
suitable known way; we however prefer to fix them in a gun metal or
bronze plate 2, Figures 3, 4, a small hole being drilled for each diamond,
and the metal round the hole being then staved in upon the sides of a
the diamond. The plate 2 is formed or cast with protuberances or
nipples where the diamonds are to be.
The mode of fixing the diamonds shown in Figures 5 and 6 is one
designed and used by Robert Young, one of us, prior to the date of the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent. Each diamond is grasped a
by the indented ends of three steel or iron bits uniting to form a small
cylinder 42, which is entered into a cylindrical socket made for it in

page_text: the wheel rim 23 or other holder, whilst a screw 43 grips the bits in
their socket, and also makes them hold the diamond securely.
The surface of the tool block on which the diamonds are arranged
may be curved or otherwise shaped so as to cut mouldings on tho
stone.
Having thus particularly described our said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, we have to state that we do not restrict
ourselves to the precise details herein described or delineated, but that
what we believe to be novel and original, and claim as the Invention
secured to us by the horein-before in part recited Letters Patont
is,―
1. The combining of a series of diamonds in a graduated manner, or
substantially as herein described and delineated, to form a compound
tool for planing or shaping stone and similar hard substances.
2. The fixing of the diamonds in gun metal or bronze plates formed
with nipples, which aro drilled to receive the diamonds, and then closed
in round them as herein-before described.
3. The arranging of apparatus for the application of the improved
diamond tools in any of the modes herein-before described with reference
to Figures 7 to 13 of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said Robert Young and Thomas
Thomson, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twentieth
day of October, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and soventy-five.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
(L.S.)
ROBERT YOUNG.
THOMAS THOMSON. (L.S.)