An Improved System of Glazing.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Nov., 1892
Complete Specification Left. 22nd Aug., 1893-Accepted, 18th Nov., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved System of Glazing.
I CHARLES FITZGERALD Watch Manufacturer 43 Nicholas Street Bristol
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The sash bars &c. have grooves cut in them wherein strips of cork or composition
&c. (I might use india rubber or other material) are inserted, the glass resting on
them & fastened either on the outside with clips or clips moveable from the inside
to enable anyone to replace broken glass or glaze from the inside to avoid getting
on the roof, the pliable material also tending to diminish the risk of breakage.
Also cross bars constructed to prevent overlapping the glass in glazed roofs or
front of sashes, there is also gutters made in sash bars to carry off any leakage
that may occur, the sash bars &c. to be made in either wood or metal and the glass
to either overlap or otherwise.
CHARLES FITZGERALD.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved System of Glazing.
I, CHARLES FITZGERALD, of 43, Nicholas Street, Bristol Watch Manufacturer
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to an improved system of glazing, which is specially
adapted for the roofs and windows of conservatories, sky lights, and other places
where it is important to make the windows or glazing watertight.
The ordinary mode of glazing is to embed and fix the glass in position on the
sash-bars with putty, but any protracted exposure of the bars to the rays of the
sun will cause the putty to shrink away from the bars, and when the rain comes
there is a consequent leakage.
In glazing according to my invention, no putty whatever is used, the sash bars
are grooved and channelled, and strips of cork, composition, or other suitable
material placed in the grooves, which makes the joints watertight, and forms a
pliable or elastic bearing for the glass, thereby diminishing the risk of breakage
from concussion and other causes; the glass is laid on or against the strips of cork,
and fastened to the sash-bars by screw-clips, by which a broken pane can readily
be replaced; and for sky lights and similar windows in roofs of high buildings,
which are inaccessible without ladders and similar means, the screw clips are so
arranged that a broken pane can be re-placed from the inside of the building, thus
saving the expense of fixing ladders, &c., to the roof before commencing the
repairs.
My invention will be more fully described in connection with the accompanying
sheet of drawings, in which
Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are sections of various shapes of sash-bars suitable for the
purpose;
Figs. 6, 7, 8, and 9 illustrate the clips and the mode of attaching them by screws
to the sash-bars;
Fig. 10 is a section of part of a roof, showing the sheets of glass laid on the
cork strips in the sash-bars, and fastened thereto by the clips ;
Fig. 11 is a sectional elevation, and Fig. 12 a plan, on a considerably reduced
scale, showing the fitting and lapping of the various sheets of glass; and
Price 8d.l

page_text: Fig. 13 is a cross section of a vertical sash-bar, as used for conservatory
windows.
As will be seen in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 all sash-bars for roofs and sky-lights are made
with a central channel to carry off any water which falls between the sloping rows
of glass, the panes have a slight lap transversely, but in the other direction, the
rows are laid almost close to each other, merely allowing a space for the fastenings
to be placed between; on each side of the water channel in the bars, is a groove in
which strips of cork are inserted, these grooves are either ploughed in the sash-
bar, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, or strips of beading, see Figs. 4 and 5, in which
grooves are made to receive the cork, are attached to a sash-bar in which a central
channel is made, as indicated in Fig. 3; for extra security against the rain coming
through, an additional channel may be made on each side the grooves, as in Fig. 1,
but it is considered that these will very seldom be required; Figs. 6 and 7 are
front and side views respectively of the clips and screws which are used to fasten
the panes on the inside; a curved piece of suitable metal with teeth or grips at
the ends to engage and retain pieces of cork, is attached to a screw-threaded rod,
a flanged cylinder is put round the rod at the upper end, and a nut and cork washer
at the lower end; a cross piece is put in a slot, and pivotted below the nut, to serve
as an index and means of adjusting the clip to its proper place on the glass;
Figs. 8 and 9 show the clips as used with ordinary screws to fasten the clips to the
bars; these screws may be either round-headed, to be turned with a screw driver,
bolt headed, to be inserted or withdrawn by a spanner, or a second thread may be
cut at its upper end, to receive a nut, so that if the screw gets fixed in the sash
bar, the nut may be removed with a spanner, and the clip taken off for replacing
glass or otherwise; the lower edge of the clips may have a projecting stud, as
shown in Figs. 7 and 9, to assist in holding the glass in position. Fig. 10 is a section
of a portion of a sky-light, one sash bar having the grooves made in the bar, and
fastened on the inside by the clips and internal screws as shown in Figs. 6 and 7,
the others have the cork fitted strips, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5 nailed to sides of
the bars, and fastened by the round headed screw and nut and screw respectively.
Fig. 13 is a section of a vertical bar, on either side of which is a cork fitted strip,
which serves as a watertight and yet elastic bedding, against which the glass is
placed on the other side of the glass, an ordinary angle bead is attached to the
sash bar, keeping the glass firmly in place.
The following letters of reference will indicate with greater clearness the various
appliances provided, and their mode of application :-A are cross sections of the
sash bars, each having a central longitudinal channel a, B are strips which are
sometimes fastened to the sash-bars; in the sash bars or in the strips, grooves are
made to receive the strips of cork c; D are the bent pieces of metal forming clips,
pieces of cork d are attached to the ends of the clips, to relieve the strain on the
glass, E is a small flanged cylinder, through which the rod F is put, to be fastened
with screws G and washers g at the lower end inside the roof; H is a strip of
metal inserted at the end of the rod, by which the clip is turned or set at its proper
position outside on the glass; I are panes of glass laid on the cork strips c; K is a
section of a vertical sash bar, with the strips B attached to form a bearing for the
glass, which is secured on the other side by an angle bead k.
The sash bars being provided as described with channels and grooves made
therein or in the strips to be attached thereto, and pieces of cork or other suitable
material inserted in the grooves, the panes of glass are laid on the bars as shown in
Figs. 11 and 12, the sloping rows resting on the cork strips, and almost touching
each other, merely leaving a small space to pass the screws between which attach
the clips to the bars, and any water which passes in through these narrow openings
will be carried away by the central channels; when the cork fitted strips are
nailed to the bars, it will be convenient to cut them in lengths corresponding to the
depth of the glass, raising the lower end of each strip slightly, so that when the
lower edge of one pane rests ou or overlaps the upper edge of another pane,
the sides may bear evenly on the cork; the clips being fitted with cork on their

page_text: ends, are screwed to or through the sash bars in the manner already described, and
the elasticity of the clips and the cork will permit a secure and watertight fastening
to be made in using the internal screws, small holes are made in the sash bars, and
the flanged cylinders laid over the holes, the flange being nailed to the bar, the
threaded rods with the cork fitted clips attached thereto are passed through the
cylinders, and when the glass is in position, the index at the bottom will allow
the clip to be turned ready for the operation of the nut, which securely tightens
the clip and fixes the glass.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The construction of sash-bars for conservatory and other windows and glass
roofs, in wbich, or attached thereto, are grooves fitted with cork or other suitable
material to form a firm and watertight bearing for the sheets of glass to rest on,
substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth and described, and illustrated
in the accompanying drawings.
2. The construction of sash bars with one or more channels in the upper surface,
to carry off any rain that may fall between the sloping rows of glass, substantially
as set forth and shewn.
3. The construction of screw clips to which pieces of cork or similar material
are attached, to enable the clips to be securely drawn by screws to the surface of
the glass without risk of breakage, the screws being tightened on the outside or
inside the roof, substantially as described and shown in the drawings.
4. The system of glazing conservatory and other roofs and windows without
putty, as herein described; whereby the rain is effectually excluded, broken panes
may be readily replaced, and the risk of breakage from concussion and other causes
is greatly reduced, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth, and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
D10
.
J. G. WESTLAKE,
2, John Street, Bristol, Applicant's Agent.