matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN TUBE PLUGS FOR MARINE BOILERS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Allan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
May 1875.
I, WILLIAM ALLAN, of the Borough of Sunderland, in the County of
Durham, Engineer, do hereby declaro the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TUBE PLUGS FOR MARINE BOILERS," to be as follows :—
This Invention has for its object improvements in tube plugs for marinė
boilers. For this purpose I form a tube plug of a rod with a head at one
end and screwed at the other; on this rod are placed two plugs of wood,
iron, or other material. Around the circumference of the outer face of
each plug is a recess to carry an elastic washer of india-rubber or other
material. The plugs are kept at a distance apart somewhat less than
the length of the tube to be stopped by means of a tube which
surrounds the rod and which is placed between the plugs. Outside of
the plugs are placed metal washers, the washer at one ond bears against
the head on the rod, and a nut which screws on to the opposite end of
the rod bears against the other washer. On the plug being inserted into
a leaky tube the engineer screws up the nut with one hand, whilst with

page_text: the other he retains the rod from turning, and thereby forces the metal
washers at both ends of the rod against the elastic washers of india-
rubber, and by compressing them forces them outwards against the
interior of the tube. By this means the ends of the tube are effectually
closed and leakage prevented.
I also form the entering end of the plug into a tube scraper by merely
attaching to the rod end (between the compressing washer and bolt head
or otherwise) a circular slit spring flanged edge scraper, so that on
entering the plug for the purpose of stopping a leak any inequalities in
the tube can be scaled off.
In place of screwing up a nut on to the rod, the rod may be formed
with right and left-hand screws at its ends to screw into the outer
washers or into nuts bearing against them.
The surfaces between which the elastic washers are compressed may
either be parallel or inclined outwards away from one another as
desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Russel Aitken at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
November 1875.
:
I, RUSSEL AITKEN, of No. 36, Great George Street, Westminster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to provide a comparatively in-
expensive bridge for bridging across wide rivers, and other places where
other constructions would not be erected on account of their greater
cost. For this purpose I construct a bridge of wire ropes carried across
the space to to bridged over, and supported at intervals on the top of
pillars, these may be formed of iron, brick, or stone cylinders, which at
their lower ends are sunk into the ground for any desired distance."
The wire ropes where they pass over the top of the several pillars have
clamps fastened to them which carry rollers running upon pathways
upon the pillars, so that the wire ropes may have free movement to
and fro when the desired amount of tension is placed upon the wire
ropes. On either side of the bridge two wires ropes are used, one below

page_text: and
the other. Uprights are placed at intervals between the two ropes,
are secured to them by clamps. Cross ties are placed between the
uprights on the two opposite sides of the bridge, and beams are also
passed longitudinally from one to the other to carry a platform or lines
of rails for trucks to run on. Between the pillars the wire ropes will 5
hang down more or less in a curve, according to the tension put upon
the ropes from their two ends.
The cross beams which carry the platform or rails I attach to the
uprights at their lower end near to the pillars, whilst at the centre of
the spans between the pillars they may be attached to the upper part 1
of the uprights, thus the inclination of the platform or lines of rails
in the several spans may be much less than the dip of the wire
.
ropes.
The pillars which support the wire ropes may be made of increasing
height from the two ends of the bridge to its centre to give increased 1
headway at the centre of the bridge whenever desired.
For hauling trucks across the bridge an endless travelling rope, or
locomotive, or any pneumatic system' may be used, and 'mean's adopted
for preventing more than one truck from being upon any one or other
of the spans of the bridge at the same time, so that the load placed 2
upon the wire ropes shall never exceed the weight for which the bridge
is calculated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF PARTS CONSTITUTING SAME, USED FOR HEATING AND MIXING THE MATERIALS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel James at the. Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
September 1875.
I, SAMUEL JAMES, of Cardiff, in the County of Glamorganshire, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS AND IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF PARTS CONSTITUTING SAME, USED FOR
HEATING AND MIXING THE MATERIALS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
ARTIFICIAL FUEL," to be as follows:-
;
My Invention relates to an apparatus and the arrangement of parts
constituting same; for drying and heating coal used in the manufacture
of artificial fuel and mixing such coal with pitch or other substance, the
drying being accomplished by the intermingling of heated air from a
furnace with the substance to be dried and heated, and by the surface
contact of such substance with the inside of a heating cylinder.
My Invention consists of a heating and mixing apparatus, the heater
being a horizontal cylindrical structure the lower half of which is of
cast iron or other metal which is set over a flue in brickwork, the
brickwork extending up and forming the upper half of the cylinder.

page_text: The flue underneath the cylinder extends the whole length and up
behind the cylinder, and communicates with the interior of the cylinder
through a passage way at the back thereof; through this passage way
there is inserted a pipe or channel by which the fuel enters the heater,
the fuel-being fed into the pipe by a shoot. Inside the pipe is a worm
or screw-which-forces the fuel into the heater. The heater is provided
with a set of mixing blades and scrapers, which are carried-on-and
caused to rotate inside the cylinder by the same shaft that carries the
worm or screw inside the pipe. The blades and scrapers may be set at
a pitch, so as to force the fuel through a discharge opening at the front
of the cylinders after treatment.
The flue underneath the cylinder communicates with a furnace built
in the same brickwork and extending across and under one end of the
flue, and from the top of the apparatus there is a flue to carry off waste
heat and gases to a stack or chimney.
The lower half of the heating cylinder is so constructed and set in the
brickwork that it can be readily removed and replaced when worn or
injured by the heat.
In operation the coal or other substance is fed into the heating
cylinder through the shoot, and then thrown about in a shower by the
mixing blades, the hot air passing from the furnace through the flue
and into the cylinder intermingles with and acts upon each particle,
which is also further dried and heated by surface contact with the inside
of the cylinder during the operation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ATTACHING THE COVERS OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eliza Butler at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 10th May
1875.
I, ELIZA BUTLER, of Ealing, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ATTACHING
THE COVERS OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to enable umbrellas and parasols to be
readily covered and recovered when required, and to this end it consists
in such a method of securing the cover to the frame that it may be
readily removed when worn and replaced by a new one.
According to my Invention I provide the silk or other cover with a
ring or thimble at the centre through which the stick is passed, the
cover being secured by a ferrule screwing on to a collar fixed to the stick
and having an external screw thread. The cover may be fastened at the
tips of of the ribs in various ways, namely, by metal hooks, attached by
sewing or otherwise to the cover, and inserted in apertures made in the

page_text: ribs, or by small rings or thimbles attached to the cover, and slipped
over the tips of the ribs, or by metal clips attached to the cover and
clenched around the rib near the tip, the fastening being in any case
such as to admit of the cover being readily applied to or removed from
the frame.
An IMPROVED METHOD OF UTILIZING FLINTS AND PEBBLES POR BUILDING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Timothy Patrick Carmody at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th October 1875.
I, TIMOTHY PATRICK CARMODY, of Knockholt, in the County of
Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “An
IMPROVED METHOD OF UTILIZING FLINTS AND PEBBLES POR BUILDING AND OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved method of utilizing flints and
pebbles for building and other purposes.
The following is the manner by which I propose to make blocks for
building purposes according to my said Invention:-
I construct the moulds for the blocks of any suitable shape or size,
and proceed as follows:-At the bottom of the mould I place and
suitably arrange snapped flints or pebbles with the broken face down-
wards and unite them by means of a layer of Portland cement, on the
top of which I place concrete, varying according to the size of the block.
I then finish off the said block by means of a layer of Portland cement
and sand which I hand flute, so as to produce a smooth surface for the

page_text: interior of the building; the block is then allowed to set, after which
it is taken out of the mould and left to dry.
It will be found that a wall constructed with blocks as above described
and only 3 inches thick will resist all rain or damp, and the appearance
of the broken flints will be very effective.
Lintels, arches, and in fact a building can be entirely constructed with
flints or pebbles (made into blocks as above) without brick or stone
dressing or quoins, as heretofore practised.
The blocks are united to cach other by means of cement or mortar,
and will present a smooth and even surface in the interior of the
building which will not require further plastering.
Blocks made of flints and pebbles as above will be very applicable for
IMPROVEMENTS IN TOBACCO PIPES, SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO CIGAR HOLDERS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Milthorpe Goring at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 2nd December 1875.
I, THOMAS MILTHORPE GORING, of Sherwood Street, London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TOBACCO PIPES, SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO CIGAR HOLDERS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to prevent the oil of the tobacco,
which leaves a nauseous and unpleasant taste on the palato, being
imbibed by the smoker. For this purpose I form in the stem of the
pipe a suitable recess furnished with a screw joint, and in such recess I
place a piece of sponge of suitable size and quality; such sponge when
the pipe is in use absorbs the oil of the tobacco as it is drawn up the
stem, and thus prevents it entering the mouth of the smoker. When
the sponge is saturated with oil it is only necessary to unscrew the
joint, remove the old sponge, and place therein a new one, when the pipe
becomes as effective for all practical purposes as when new.

page_text: I do not confine myself to placing the screw jointed recoss above
described in any particular position, either in the stem or bowl of the
pipe, as I should select such position as was most suitable and con-
venient according to the shape of the pipe to be manufactured.
My Invention is equally applicable to every description of pipe,
whether made of meerschaum, wood, or otherwise; it may also be
applied to cigar holders.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELASTIC AND OTHER PACKINGS FOR PISTONS AND PISTON RODS OF STEAM ENGINES, PUMPS, RAMS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Edwin Keirby, of Swinton, in the County
of Lancaster, Steam Packing Manufacturer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ELASTIC AND OTHER PACKINGS FOR PISTONS AND PISTON
RODS OF STEAM ENGINES, PUMPS, RAMS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."
Sealed the 11th May 1875, and dated the 1st March 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Edwin Keirby
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 1st March 1875.
I, JOHN EDWIN KEIRBY, of Swinton, in the County of Lancaster,
5 Steam Packing Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELASTIC AND OTHER PACKINGS FOR PISTONS AND
PISTON RODS OF STEAM ENGINES, PUMPS, RAMS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to
be as follows:—
The object of this Invention is to combine a metallic wirework
exterior with the elastic and other descriptions of packing used for the

page_text: glands of piston rods for packing pistons, pump buckets, rams, D valves,
and for other similar purposes, and consists in lapping, braiding, or
plaiting these descriptions of packing with thin metallic wire, by
preference copper wire, although I do not confine myself to copper, as
steel, brass, or iron wire would be equally available.
This application of a wire covering to the outside of packing, which
may be performed by machinery, serves to render such packing more
durable, and at the same time tends to diminish friction, as when used,
for instance, for packing piston rod glands or pistons, the wire surface
of such packing acts as a burnisher to polish the surface of the piston
rod or interior of the cylinder with which it comes in contact.
It will thus be apparent that as this wire network completely
surrounds the packing, and as the individual wires are in continuous
lengths, that such packing may be removed from the stuffing box or
piston groove, and be replaced therein so as to present a fresh surface to
the piston rod or cylinder after the other part of such packing has
become worn, and this without any fear of the wires becoming broken
off so as to get down into the cylinder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS FOR MILITARY, SPORTING, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Kerby, of the Haymarket, in the County
of Middlesex, Military Boot and Spur Maker, for the Invention of
T
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said John Kerby at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declaration,
on the 23rd January 1875, pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent
Law Amendment Act, 1852.
: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
KERBY, of the Haymarket, in the County of Middlesex, Military Boot
and Spur Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BOOTS FOR MILITARY, SPORTING, AND OTHER PURPOSES," and have petitioned
Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and

page_text: assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn
Declaration that I am the true and first Inventor thereof.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Kerby, do hereby declare
that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and seal,
fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following state-
ment, reference being had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings:-
The Invention has for its object the combination of the lace boot,
legging, and gaiter, and the making of the boot waterproof to the top
(and not as the legging and lace boot detached, only waterproof to the
top of the lace boot), and as the flap comes to the top of the boot and
the spat entirely covers the lacing, the instep and leg of the boot can be
made either larger or smaller, so as to be worn under or over the trousers,
or as a butcher boot with breeches. It has all the advantages of the lace
boot for walking, and the appearance of the boot and legging for riding.
It can be made of any kind of leather, and any height to suit the wearer.
It is also suitable for troops, as it can be made to open to any size at the
instep, so as to be put on or off with the greatest case and dispatch. For
cavalry or infantry the height and shape can be arranged according to

page_text: combination of the flap, tongue, and lace-up to boots for military,
sporting, and other purposes, as herein described and set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Kerby, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
A NEW OR IMPROVED TOY
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Jewitt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd July
1875. A communication from abroad by William Rose, of New
York, United States of America.
I, HENRY JEWITT, of Kentish Town, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR
IMPROVED TOY," a communication to me from abroad by William Rose,
of New York, United States of America," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements upon Inventions for which
Letters Patent were granted to me bearing date November 5th, 1868,
No. 3355, and May 28th, 1874, No. 1866.
I employ various parts or pieces of wood, metal, or other material of
any size or shape, which when fitted together will form figures of
animals and birds such as elephants, giraffes, camels, zebras, gorillas,
toucans, ostriches, pelicans, and other subjects or patterns.
I cut mortices and corresponding tenons or tongues and grooves on
one or more of the surface of the various parts, or at the ends or sides

page_text: thereof, so that when placed together, the tongue or tenon of the one
in the groove or motise of the other, the various figures will be formed
and the parts held together. The various parts are either left plain or
are ornamented by printing, painting, papering, or other convenient
mode of ornamentation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF NITRO-GLYCERINE FOR BLASTING PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Punshon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
December 1875.
I, ROBERT PUNSHON, of Heatherleigh, Anerley Park, in the County
of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF NITRO-GLYCERINE FOR
BLASTING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the treatment of nitro-glycerine in
such a manner as to adapt it for blasting purposes, and consists in
mixing therewith carbonised or charred peat, in which mixture the peat
acts as an absorbent for the nitro-glycerine.
The charred peat is previously ground and sifted with a silk or cotton
sieve, and the nitro-glycerine is by preference cleaned by means of
ordinary chalk mixed with water instead of by the use of alkalies.
The mixture may be made in about the proportion of seventy parts
by weight of nitro-glycerine to thirty parts by weight of charred
noat

page_text: When as much nitro-glycerine has been absorbed by the peat as it is
capable of holding, finely ground gun cotton may if preferred be added
in such proportion as will insure the detonation of the prepared nitro-
glycerine at a temperature at which ordinary nitro-glycerine would
rarely explode
When as much nitro-glycerine has been absorbed by the peat as it is
capable of holding, finely ground gun cotton may if preferred be added
in such proportion as will insure the detonation of the prepared nitro-
glycerine at a temperature at which ordinary nitro-glycerine would
rarely explode.
Ordinary wood charcoal is not adapted for the purpose of the fore-
going mixture, as it is not capable of acting as an absorbent in the
manner in which charred peat does.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PLUGS, TOMPIONS, OR STOPPERS FOR FIRE-ARMS, BOTTLES, AND OTHER HOLLOW ARTICLES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Auguste Farjon, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of
Belgium, but at present residing at Rydon Crescent, St. John Street
Road, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
LETTERS PATENT to Auguste Farjon, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of
Belgium, but at present residing at Rydon Crescent, St. John Street
Road, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PLUGS, TOMPIONS, OR STOPPERS FOR FIRE-ARMS, BOTTLES, AND OTHER
HOLLOW ARTICLES.”
Sealed the 6th December 1875, and dated the 9th June 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Auguste Farjon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th June 1875.
I AUGUSTE FARJON, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, but at
present residing at Rydon Crescent, St. John Street Road, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PLUGS, TOMPIONS, OR STOPPERS FOR FIRE-ARMS, BOTTLES, AND
OTHER HOLLOW ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
:-

page_text: stoppers for fire-arms, bottles, and other hollow articles. For this
purpose I employ a central screw having at its upper end a knob or
buttom fixed rigidly thereto. This screw at its lower end presses into a
disc having the form of a truncated cone. Around the screw is placed a
tube which is divided or split up into several parts for a certain distance,
say two-thirds of its length.
Between the knob or button and the split tube is a disc which may be
fixed to the split tube, or which may be so formed as to fit and pass a
short distance into the upper end of the split tube, and thereby maintain
it central with the sorew, and at the same time form a bearing for the
knob or button and a stop to facilitate adjustment, and to prevent the
plug, tompion, or stopper passing entirely into the article to which it is
applied. Thus by applying the plug, tompion, or stopper to a gun or
other article, and turning the screw by the button, the truncated cone is
caused to rise on the screw, thereby expanding the split tube and fixing
the plug, tompion, or stopper firmly within the article to which it is
applied.
If desired in some cases a cap or cover of caoutchouc or other material
may be passed over the plug, tompion, or stopper to render it air-tight,
and the button or knob may be dispensed with, in which case I form or
apply at the upper end of the screw suitable means so that it can only
be operated by the proper key.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY PUMPs
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph William Lee at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th February 1875.
I, JOSEPH WILLIAM LEE, of Number 9, Emmanuel Road, Cambridge,
in the County of Cambridge, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature.
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY PUMPs,” to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its objects improvements in rotary pumps, and
consists of a large and a small cylinder, the small one fitting inside the
large one, and both turned true on the surface. The small cylinder has a
shaft of suitable size passing through it, which shaft also passes through
the cylinder covers as bearings by which it is supported. The small
cylinder is raised out of the centre of the large one until it comes in
contact with the large one at the top of it.
The bearings of the covers through which the shaft works and by
which it is supported are also raised out of the centre to suit the position.
of the small cylinder, which revolves in contact with the large one.
Thus we have a space in the bottom of the large cylinder in proportion

page_text: to the size of the inner cylinder, which is equal in and to the inlet and
outlet of the openings of the pumps, these openings are arranged in
suitable places on the large cylinder to receive the piping.
The small cylinder is fitted with a number of slots, more or less, and in
these slots are fitted steel blades or pallets. These blades or pallets revolve
round with the small cylinder, and in order to give motion to them and
to keep them in contact with the surface of the large cylinder as they
revolve round a boss or projection is left on the cylinder covers. These
bosses are placed central on the cylinder covers, and are turned true with
them, so that the inner cylinder having been thrown out of the centre of
the large one the pallets which take their bearings on the bosses of the
cylinder covers, and which are true with the large cylinder, and therefore
made to work round in a true circle with it, and are forced in and out
by reason of the small cylinder having been raised out of the centre of
the large one.
In order to prevent the pallets working lose through wear that part
of the pallet that works round the boss of cylinder cover is slotted
out, and a steel spring is fitted into it which allows of a quarter of an
inch play or wear, and also keeps the pallet steady and up to the surface
of the large cylinder when at work. A steel hoop is shrunk on the boss.
of cylinder covers, on which the ends of the pallets work in order to
decrease the liability to wear.
The main point in this Invention is to do away with the cams or ec-
centrics, and cause the pallets to work round in a true circle, thereby
insuring great durability, and at the same time possessing all the .ad-
vantages that are obtained by cither cams or eccentrics, and the addition
of simple springs that cannot get out of order to keep the pallets up to
their work as they wear.
A NEW OR IMPROVED AUTOMATIC APPARATUS FOR EJECTING WATER OR OTHER FLUIDS FROM STEAM CYLINDERS, Chests, and PipeS, OR OTHER VESSELS, CONDUITS, OR RECEPTACLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Montgomery at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th May 1875.
I, ROBERT MONTGOMERY, of Greenock, in the County of Renfrew,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"A NEW OR IMPROVED AUTOMATIC APPARATUS FOR EJECTING WATER OR OTHER
FLUIDS FROM STEAM CYLINDERS, Chests, and PipeS, OR OTHER VESSELS, CONDUITS,
OR RECEPTACLES," to be as follows, that is to say:
1
This Invention which consists of a new or improved automatic
apparatus for ejecting water or other fluids from the cylinders, steam
chests, and pipes of steam engines, and which may also be used for
ejecting liquids from other vessels or receptacles, depends for its
automatic action by being constructed of metals possessed of different
degrees of expansibility, such for example as iron and brass, so that as
these metals are at different times subjected to various degrees of
temperature their unequal expansion or contraction either opens or
closes a valve, the opening of which allows steam or gas to escape, and

page_text: this by its inducing action carries with it and ejects the water or other
fluid which has become condensed or otherwise collected in the steam
cylinder, steam pipes, or other receptacle.
The apparatus is screwed or otherwise fixed into the steam cylinder or
other receptacle to which it is to be applied, and it consists of two or
more tubes or hollow stems, one of which carries the valve and another
the valve seat, these being respectively attached to the parts which have
different degrees of expansibility.
As an example of an application of the apparatus constituting this
Invention the case of a steam engine cylinder may be taken, and from
which it is frequently desirable to eject water of condensation.
When there is no water in the cylinder the steam has access to all parts
of the apparatus, which is so adjusted that the expansion produced by
the heat of the steam keeps the valve closed; and when water collects
therein, it being of lower temperature than the steam, contracts either
the tube or stem carrying the valve or the seat. The valve and seat are
thereby separated, and through the opening thus made the water is
expelled, which being effected the contact of steam again raises the
temperature of the apparatus and thereby closes it; and expanding the
parts closes the valve.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RELEASING SHIPS' BOATS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Leeman at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th November 1875.
I, JOSEPH LEEMAN, of Aberdeen, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RELEASING SHIPS'
BOATS," to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to effect the self-releasing of ships'
boats from their suspending means on their coming in contact with the
water into which they are to be lowered. For this purpose I apply
under the midship thwart or in other suitable part of a boat a cistern
containing an air-tight cylinder, or cork, or other float, which is free to
move within such cistern. This cistern rests on the boat's keel with a
supply pipe at the lower part on each side of the keel through the
bottom of the boat.
When the boat is waterborne the cylinder or float (by the action of
the external water) is forced upwards in the cistern, and acts by
connecting rods and gear upon the releasing means to release the boat.

page_text: This gear may consist of one, two, or more cranks, on an axis or shaft
capable of partial rotation, so that a partial rotation of it may release
the boat from the suspending tackles simultaneously; but the means of
connection may be varied, and the boat may also be released by hand if
desired, or from the davit heads if necessary, and can be re-engaged with
Qual foilin
Lequal facility.
This Invention is applicable to other modes of disengagement as well
as that here stated, the object being to make use of the buoyancy and
pressure of the water into which the boat is lowered.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MOTIVE POWER AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Townsend Ellerbeck
and John Milne Syers at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 14th December 1875.
We, JOHN HENRY TOWNSEND ELLERBECK, of Southport, in the
County of Lancaster, and JOHN MILNE SYERS, of Altrincham, in the
County of Chester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MOTIVE POWER AND IN APPARATUS
THEREFOR," to be as follows:—
One volume of oxygen combines with two of hydrogen with explosive
violence. It is to utilize the force of this explosion for mechanical
purposes that this our Invention is designed; the two gases can be
made in any suitable manner and combined. We prefer however to
obtain them by the direct decomposition of water into its component
parts by placing two plates of platinised foil in a suitable vessel of water
connected to the two poles of a powerful galvanic battery or series of
batteries; these gases can be collected separately at their respective
electrodes, and afterwards mixed or can be allowed to mix at once. In
order to obtain power the mixture of the two gases are exploded by

page_text: means of an electric spark in a chamber, thus driving a piston as in
other gas engines. The quantity of gas used, and consequently the
power, can be regulated by means of the battery, the plates being raised
and lowered into the acid by the ordinary ball governor or any other
form of governor that may be applicable, or by cutting off the
connection between the wires from the batteries, by which also the
engine can be stopped at a moment's notice. When not in actual use
the plates of the battery are lifted entirely out of the acid, so are
not wasted unnecessarily. In arranging our engine we usually place the
electrodes in a chamber of water immediately below the cylinder. and
open to it, the gases then are generated immediately below or adjacent
to the piston, and are fired by an electric spark.
.
Our motive-power engine is very valuable where an intermittent
power is wanted. It will thus be found very valuable for use in rock
drilling, in tunnels where steam and pneumatic apparatus are incon-
venient bulky, and in the case of steam a nuisance; also in pile driving
machines and hammers resembling steam hammers, where a sudden
explosive force is required, but is also applicable wherever engine
power is wanted.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REGULATING AND GOVERNING THE MOTION OF SEWING AND OTHER MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dennis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
February 1875.
I, WILLIAM DENNIS, of 19, Holborn, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR REGULATING AND GOVERNING THE MOTION OF SEWING AND OTHER
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is where more than one machine is
driven by the same motive power to place the speed of each machine,
together with the power of starting and stopping more perfectly under
the control of the operator thereat.
Under the table or bed of each machine I place on a spindle, driven
by a pulley and band from the shafting of the motive power, a wheel or
disk, one surface of which is in contact with the edge of, and by its
friction against drives, a smaller wheel mounted on a horzontal counter-
shaft at right angles to the axis of the said disk. The said counter-
shaft is connected by suitable gearing with the machine to be driven,
and the small wheel on it is connected with a cord and counterspring

page_text: communicating with a treadle, by which it is made to slide along the
countershaft so as to approach or receed from the centre of the disk-by
which it is driven, its speed, and consequently that of the machine being
increased or diminished as it receedes from or approaches the centre at
the will of the operator.
The driving surface of the disk is flat, except near its centre, where
there is a slight depression to enable the operator to stop the machine by
throwing it out of gear by bringing the small wheel over the depression.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING THE FEED WATER OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bernoulli Barlow at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Potition, on the
26th April 1875.-A communication from abroad by John Frank
Stratton, of Gohlis, near Leipzig, in the Kingdom of Saxony,
Engineer.
I, HENRY BERNOULLI BARLOW, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Patent. Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING THE FEED WATER OF
STEAM BOILERS," a communication to me from abroad by John Frank
Stratton, of Gohlis, near Leipzig, in the Kingdom of Saxony, Engineer,
to be as follows :-
This improved apparatus consists of a cistern placed above the boiler to
be fed. The feed water is pumped into this cistern through a valve. The
upper end of the cistern is connected to a series of semicircular pipes
surrounding the under side of the boiler, and resting upon bridges in the
flue under the boiler.
The products of combustion in passing along the flue heat the water
in the semicircular pipes, and the steam that is generated in them is
conveyed through a valve into the steam dome of the boiler.

page_text: The heated water is forced into the boiler through a valve by the
pressure of steam in the heating pipes. The bottom of the cistern is also
connected to the feed water pipes.
By means of this improved apparatus a great saving in fuel is effected,
as the semicircular feed water pipes are heated by the products of 5
combustion that in ordinary boilers is absorbed by the brickwork ;
consequently all the steam generated in them is gained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBING MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Job Stake and Henry Walton
Whitehead at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 16th June 1875.
We, JOB STAKE, of Manningham, near Bradford, in the County of
York, Wool Combing Overlooker, and HENRY WALTON WHITEHEAD,
of Holbeck, in the Parish of Leeds, in the said County of York, a
Partner in the Firm of Taylor, Wordsworth, & Co., of the same Place,
Machine and Tool Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the adaptation to the drawing off mechanism
of combing machines of a skeleton barrel-shaped ribbed roller formed of
sheet brass or other suitable material. The flange plates at each end of
the roller are connected by a socket through the middle, and bars or ribs
at suitable distances to connect the outer circumference of the flanges.
The roller is barrel-shaped, being greater in circumference at the middle
than at the ends. This roller is supported on a stud and has a suitable
slot plate to carry the stud,

page_text: The barrel or ribbed roller is made to revolve by coming in contact
with the leather sheet or sheets of the drawing off rollers. By the
pressure against the leather sheeting the sliver is kept in a proper
position and rendered less liable to break down, and therefore better
work and a greater quantity than heretofore is produced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ANNEALING OR TEMPERING SHEET-IRON Plates, and APPARATUS FOR THAT PURPOSE, AND FOR PICKLING THE SAID PLATES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Sumner Morris,
Ebenezer Edgar Morgan, and David Richards, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 24th
December 1875.
We, EDWARD SUMNER MORRIS, of Penclawdd, in the County of
Glamorgan, Tin Plate Manufacturer, and EBENEZER EDGAR MORGAN, of
Briton Ferry, in the said County, Gentleman, and DAVID RICHARDS, of
Briton Ferry aforesaid, Rollerman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ANNEALING OR TEMPERING SHEET-IRON
Plates, and APPARATUS FOR THAT PURPOSE, AND FOR PICKLING THE SAID PLATES,"
to be as follows:-
-
In the manufacture of sheet-iron plates as usually practised the
plates after having been pickled are annealed in order to give them the
requisite ductility.
Our Invention consists,―
Firstly. In substituting steam for fire heat in the first annealing

page_text: And, Thirdly. In the combination with such apparatus of apparatus.
for effecting the pickling of the said plates.
Our apparatus for steaming the said plates consists of a closed vessel,
which is supplied with steam either superheated or otherwise from a
steam boiler, and is furnished with an opening or openings for the intro- 5
duction and withdrawal of the plates or sheets, which opening or
openings is or are closed by a door or doors, or by a sliding shutter or
sliding shutters.
We take the plates to be steamed and place them in the closed vessel
aforesaid, taking carc so to arrange them that the steam may as far as 1
possible act upon every part of each plate; and we allow the said
plates to remain in the said vessel until they have acquired the requisite
ductility.
L
The plates may be steamed either before or after the black pickling.
When the said plates have been sufficiently steamed we either black 1
pickle them (if they should not have been black pickled previously to
the steaming process), and then complete the manufacture in the usual
way; or, should the said plates have been previously pickled, we
dry them, and then complete the manufacture in the usual way.
The black pickling of the plates may be effected, either in the usual 2
way or by means of pickling apparatus combined with the steaming
apparatus according to the third head of our Invention. This pickling
apparatus consists of a tank containing the pickling liquor, over which
is mounted the closed vessel aforesaid, which is in this case provided
with a moveable bottom on which the plates are placed, which bottom 2
is capable of being lowered into and raised out of the said tank bŷ
means of chains passing over pulleys, or by any other suitable
means.
By substituting a vessel containing steam for the annealing pots
ordinarily used for the first annealing of sheet-iron plates we save time,
fuel, labour, and the cost of the said annealing pots at that stage, and
facilitate the pickling process.
"
-
AN IMPROVED COOP FOR POULTRY OR GAME
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Frederick Padwick at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th November 1875.
I, WILLIAM FREDERICK PADWICK, of Red Hill, in the County of
Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby
the nature of the said Invention
...
for "AN IMPROVED COOP FOR POULTRY OR GAME," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to construct a coop which while
affording ample accommodation for a hen and her brood shall be capable
The coop is
of folding into a very small compass when not in use.
made of galvanized iron or other suitable metal, and is composed of a
top piece, a front piece, and two side pieces; the top piece is of square
or rectangular form and its position is inclined, one end resting upon
the ground; the front piece is likewise square or rectangular; it is
hinged to the upper end of the top piece, and its position is vertical or
nearly so; the two side pieces are each triangular so as to occupy the
space left between the top and the front, they are hinged to the sides of
the top piece. Hooks or other fastenings secure the front piece to the
side pieces; the front piece is in the form of a grating or wirework to
allow the chickens to run in and out at will, and part of it may be a

page_text: door which can be opened to admit the hand or to allow the hen to get
out or in.
When it is required to fold the coop the hooks or other fastenings
above named are unfastened, the side pieces are then folded upon the
top piece, and the front piece upon the side pieces, the whole being then
very compact.
In some cases I use an additional front piece not in the form of a
grating, which additional piece may be hinged to and lie on the top of
the top piece, and be moved down at night over the first front piece so
as to close in the coop.
The hinges I make by preference as follows:-I cut two or more
notches at the edge of one of the parts to be connected, I then roll the
said edge around a wire and pass metal strips through the spaces
formed by the notches, rivetting the ends of these strips to the edge of
the other part to be connected. The two parts are thus free to turn ]
upon the wire which forms their centre.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SEAWEED FOR THE EXTRACTION OF THE IODO-BROMIDES THEREFROM
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Powley Alexander at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 23rd October 1875.-A communication from abroad by
Guillaume Jean Louis Herland, of Paris, in the Republic of
France, Apothecary.
I, EDWIN POWLEY ALEXANDER, of 14, Southampton Buildings, in
the County of Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE TREATMENT OF SEAWEED FOR THE EXTRACTION OF THE IODO-BROMIDES
THEREFROM," a communication to me from abroad by Guillaume Jean
Louis Herland, of Paris, in the Republic of France, Apothecary, to be
as follows: —
"
This Invention relates to a novel process for treating seaweed, and
more especially that known as varec or I sea wrack" whilst in a fresh
condition for the purpose of extracting therefrom the iodo-bromides, the
preliminary operations of chemical or mechanical disintegration, pressure,
or incineration being dispensed with,

page_text: allowed to stand and the new liquor separates into two layers of different
densities, which are drawn or poured off.
4. The lower liquid is an aqueous solution of iodide and iodate of
potash; the hydrocarbon is collected and may be reutilised, and the
aqueous solution is treated as before stated for the extraction of the
iodine therefrom.
INFROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LAMPS, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR HEATING PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Kenneth M Leay Phin Louttiț
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 15th May 1875.
I, KENNETH M'LBAY PHIN LOUTTIT, of Greenwich, in the County
of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "INFROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LAMPS, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR HEATING PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
•
This Invention refers more particularly to lamps for burning benjoline
or similar spirit, but is also applicable to oil lamps. By constructing
lamps according to this Invention they may be used either with or
without a chimney.
The following is an example of my said Invention as applied to lamps
constructed with flat wick holders, in which case I make a series of
perforations or slits around and near the top of the wick holder, and the
said wick holder is surrounded by an outer casing, open at top and
extending about half way down the said holder, the said casing forming
a chamber to receive the gas or vapour. To the side of the wick
holder I fix one or more tubes, the top of which are flush with the top

page_text: of the wick holder and outer casing aforesaid, and extending downwards
into the reservoir of the lamp. Two or more cones may be employed
as required according to the oil or spirit to be used.
"
For lamps constructed with two burners I propose to construct them
with an oblong passage down the centre between the wick holders, and
extending through the bottom of the lamp, in order to supply air to the
flame, and two or more tubes are fixed at an angle, one on the outside
of each wick holder, by means of which the flame is supplied with air..
I can dispense with a cone, but I prefer to use a single or double slit
cone.
For lamps constructed with a circular wick holder I propose to fix a
tube in the centre thereof, and passing through the bottom of the lamp
to supply the flame with air. I also fix another tube in the aforesaid
tube, which tube I make to terminate in the reservoir of the said
lamp.
By constructing lamps as above, benzoline or other similar spirit may
be burnt with safety, the power of the light considerably increased, and
smoke prevented or materially lessened, and the said lamps may be
used with or without a chimney. It will also be found that the
wicks used in these improved lamps will last for a very considerable
length of time.
Lamps constructed according to this Invention will be found very
annlicable for small stores.