Year: 1885

page_text: t
We, JOHN ERSKINE, Mill Manager, and FREDERICK WILLIAM FINLAY, Spinner,
both of Wolfhill (near Belfast), Co Antrim, Ireland do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:—
The object of this invention is to supply a long felt want in the character of the
drawing rollers employed in wet spinning frames for flax and like fibres, especially
those used in making fine yarns, where it is desirable that the working surfaces
should be free from cracks or pores, which cut or roughen the fibres..
Cast brass or bronze of various mixtures have been hitherto used for this
purpose, but there is a practical difficulty in producing the rollers or the bosses
perfectly sound, and free from such pores, through the entire mass.
To meet this difficulty, we make the bosses or rollers from bronze of any
suitable mixture, which, after being cast or otherwise prepared, and whilst hot, is
subjected to a heavy pressure, either by rolling, pressing, beating, hammering, or
in any other convenient manner, so that the density of the material will be
increased, and the surfaces of the rollers or bosses will be perfectly smooth and
free from cracks or pores.
The compressed bosses or rollers are bored and shrunk on to brass, covered or
uncovered, iron or other shafts, care being taken that the metal is not subjected
to too great a heat during this operation, lest the pores might be opened.
These compressed bosses or rollers of metallic alloy are applicable to existing
frames as well as new ones, and may be made fluted as usual.

page_text: We JOHN ERSKINE, Mill Manager, and FREDERICK WILLIAM FINLAY, Spinner,
both of Wolfhill (near Belfast) Co Antrim, Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of this invention is to supply a long felt want in the character of the
drawing rollers employed in wet spinning frames for flax and like fibres, especially
those used in making fine yarns, where it is desirable that the working surfaces
should be free from cracks or flaws, which cut or roughen the fibres.
Cast brass, or bronze of various mixtures, has been hitherto used for this
purpose, but there is a practical difficulty in producing the rollers or the bosses
perfectly sound, and free from flaws through the entire mass.
To meet this difficulty, we make the bosses or rollers from bronze of any suitable
mixture, which after being cast or otherwise prepared, is subjected to a heavy
pressure, either by rolling, pressing, or hammering, so that the density of the
material will be increased, and the surfaces of the rollers or bosses will be perfectly
smooth and free from cracks or flaws.
When it is desirable that the metal for wet spinning frame rollers, besides
density or closeness of texture, should have a certain hardness which makes it not
BO amenable to ordinary rolling, then, to effectually compress it, it is formed in
suitable moulds, as illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 of the accompanying drawing,
and before the metal is cool, it is subjected to heavy pressure, applied by means of
screws, hydraulic press, or other convenient mechanical arrangement, through a
plain ram or plug (a), as shewn in Fig. 1, on to the end of the mass, or by a centre
piece or core, as shewn in Fig. 2.-These compressed ingots are then cut or turned,
and cut into suitable pieces, bored, and shrunk on to brass covered shafts, as shown
in section in Fig. 4, or uncovered iron, or other shafts, as shewn in Fig. 5.
Or instead of being cast in ingots, as above, the metal is cast in an annular
mould, and pressed, whilst hot, by an annular die, into the mould; or the metal is
cast in a divided mould, and submitted to the action of a drop hammer, a steam
hammer, or the equivalent therefor. These moulds are exemplified in Fig. 8.
The rollers can also be made of the required density, by rolling the solid or
hollow ingots, of suitable metal, in rolling mills, such as those used for making
bar iron.
Again, the density of the spinning frame rollers may be increased by compressing
them between runners rotating in contact there with under pressure. This process
is applicable to existing rollers, and can be carried out whilst the rollers are
mounted in an ordinary lathe.
In the latter methods of increasing the density of the rollers, the metal must
naturally be more ductile (to render it amenable to the process) than that obtained
by the process of condensing the metal while in the molten or congealing state.
ร

page_text: We prefer the first described methods of preparing the rollers for wet spinning
frames, as thereby harder and more durable rollers are obtainable.
These compressed bosses or rollers are applicable to existing frames as well as
new ones.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is
Submitting the metal of which wet spinning frame rollers are, or are designed
to be, composed, to condensation or compression, in the manner and for the purpose
above set forth.