IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND SEPARATION OF CERTAIN MIXED COAL TAR PRODUCTS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Lowe and John Gill, both of Man-
chester, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemists, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND SEPARATION
OF CERTAIN MIXED COAL TAR PRODUCTS."
Sealed the 16th June 1874, and dated the 24th April 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Lowe and John
Gill at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 24th April 1874.
We, CHARLES LOWE and JOHN GILL, both of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemists, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUPActure and
SEPARATION OF CERTAIN MIXED COAL TAR PRODUCTs," to be as follows:―
The object of this Invention is to effect and facilitate the separation
of carbolic acid from the cresyllic and other liquid tar acids contained
in the varying mixtures of these products met with in the market and
manufactory, which mixtures when dehydrated by distillation in the

page_text: usual manner are capable of crystallization at temperatures between
62° Fahrenheit and 95° Fahrenheit.
The nature of this Invention is,―
(1.) To submit the partially or wholly hydrated mixtures of tar acids
above mentioned to the sufficiently prolonged action of temperatures &
varying between 15° F. and 56° F.
(2.) To separate by suitable means the more or less hydrated carbolic
acid crystals thus formed from the mother liquors containing the liquid
tar acids and a residue of carbolic acid dissolved in them.
(3.) To effect complete purification of the more or less hydrated 1
carbolic acid crystals thus obtained by recrystallization, either by partial
fusion or solution in water with subsequent refrigeration.
And (4.) To prepare carbolic acid of high or complete degrees of
purity by dehydrating the partially or wholly purified more or less
hydrated carbolic acid crystals above mentioned.
]
The method by which we attain the object of this Invention is as
follows: We take the said mixtures of carbolic, cresyllic, and other tar
acids (capable, when dehydrated, of crystallizing between 62° F. and
95° F.), and having previously ascertained that they are either wholly or
partially hydrated, that is, combined with water in proportions varying 2
from 5 to 30 parts of water in volume to 100 parts mixed acids; or, if in
a state of dehydration, we effect an amount of hydration by the addition
of water equivalent to one or some other of these proportions, and we
place the said hydrated mixed acids in suitable vessels surrounded by
a cooling mixture or circulating fluid of temperature sufficiently low
(that is, varying between 15° F. and 56° F.), to effect the separation of
more or less hydrated carbolic acid crystals. This refrigerating process
being complete, tho mother liquors are drained or otherwise separated
from the crystals of more or less hydrated carbolic acid and rectified in
the usual manner, well known to manufacturers, to bring them within ;
the limits of the crystallizable temperatures, viz. 62° F. to 95° F. above
mentioned, as suitable for retreatment in manner herein described.
The more or less hydrated carbolic acid crystals separated from the
mother liquors above mentioned, if required, we purify from all trace
of the latter by recrystallization, either by partial fusion or from
solution in water and subsequent refrigeration of the water solution to
a temperature of about 33° F.

page_text: The more or less hydrated carbolic acid crystals, whether partially
or completely purified, obtained as above, we dehydrate by fractional
distillation and thus obtain carbolic acid, crystallizing at or. between
|100° F. and 108·5° F., and boiling with thermometer in liquor at or
between 358° and 360° F. under atmospheric pressure of 29.26 inches
mercury.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Lowe and John Gill in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 8th October 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CHARLES
LOWE and JOHN GILL, both of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturing Chemists, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty. Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Charles Lowe and John Gill, Her
special licence that we, the said Charles Lowe and John Gill, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
Charles Lowe and John Gill, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle.
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND
SEPARATION OF CERTAIN MIXED COAL TAR PRODUCTS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Charles Lowe and John Gill, our
executors, or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our,,
or their, or one of our or their hands and seals, should particularly
describe, and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Charles Lowe and John Gill, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention and in what manner-

page_text: in the varying mixtures of these products met with in the market and
manufactory, which mixtures when dehydrated by distillation in the
usual manner are capable of crystallization at temperatures between
62° Fahrenheit and 95° Fahrenheit.
The nature of this Invention is,―
First. To submit the partially or wholly hydrated mixtures of tar
acids above mentioned to the sufficiently prolonged action of tempera-
tures varying between 15° Fahrenheit and 56° Fahrenheit.
Secondly. To separate by suitable means the more or less hydrated
carbolic acid crystals thus formed from the mother liquors containing
the liquid tar acids and a residue of carbolic acid dissolved in them.
Thirdly. To effect complete purification of the more or less hydrated
carbolic acid crystals thus obtained by recrystallization, cither by partial
fusion or solution in water with subsequent refrigeration.
And, lastly. To prepare carbolic acid of high or complete degrees of
purity by dehydrating the partially or wholly purified more or less
hydrated carbolic acid crystals above mentioned.
The method by which we attain the object of this Invention is as
follows: We take the said mixtures of carbolic, cresyllic, and other tar
acids (capable, when dehydrated, of crystallizing between 62° Fahrenheit
and 95° Fahrenheit), and having previously ascertained that they are
either wholly or partially hydrated, that is, combined with water in
proportions varying from five to thirty parts of water by volume to onc
hundred parts mixed acids; or, if in a state of dehydration, we effect an
amount of hydration by the addition of water equivalent to one or some
other of these proportions, and we place the said hydrated mixed acids
in suitable vessels surrounded by a cooling mixture or circulating fluid
of temperature sufficiently low (that is, varying between 15° Fahrenheit
and 56° Fahrenheit), to effect the separation of more or less hydrated
carbolic acid crystals. This refrigerating process being complete, the
mother liquors are drained or otherwise separated from the crystals o
more or less hydrated carbolic acid and rectified in the usual manner

page_text: well known to manufacturers, to bring them within the limits of the
crystallizable temperatures, namely 62° Fahrenheit to 95° Fahrenheit,
above mentioned, as suitable for retreatment in the manner herein
described.
The more or less hydrated carbolic acid crystals separated from the
mother liquors above mentioned, if required, we purify from all trace
of the latter by recrystallization, either by partial fusion or from
solution in water and subsequent refrigeration of the water solution to
a temperature of about 33° Fahrenheit.
.
The more or less hydrated carbolic acid crystals, whether partially
or completely purified, obtained as above, we dehydrate by fractional
distillation, and thus obtain carbolic acid crystallizing at or between
100° Fahrenheit and 108 5° Fahrenheit, and boiling with thermometer
in liquor at or between 358° and 360° Fahrenheit at an atmospheric
pressure of 29.26.
Having thus stated the nature and particulars of our Invention, we
wish it to be understood that we do not intend to limit ourselves to the
precise details given, as they may be varied or modified, and we claim,
the manufacture and separation of carbolic acid of qualities crystallizing
at or between 100° and 108.5° Fahrenheit, and boiling at or between
358° and 360° Fahrenheit, from mixtures of carbolic, cresyllic, and other
tar acids capable of crystallizing, when dehydrated, between 62° and
95° Fahrenheit, by submitting the said mixed carbolic, cresyllic, and
other tar acids in a state of partial or complete hydration to the pro-
cesses of refrigeration, crystallization, and dehydration herein described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Charles Lowe and John Gill,
have hereto set our hands and seals, this Sixth day of October
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.