IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER PULP FROM WOOD, AND IN APPARATUS THEREPOR
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Noad, of Gainsborough Road, Hackney
Wick, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER PULP FROM WOOD, AND IN
APPARATUS THEREPOR."
Sealed, the 21st January 1873, and dated the 2nd September 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Noad at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd September 1872.
I, JAMES NOAD, of Gainsborough Road, Hackney Wick, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER PULP FROM WOOD, AND
IN APPARATUS THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the manufacture of paper pulp from wood in
an economical and expeditious manner. I make the pulp with any.
desired length of fibre, and therefore am enabled to produce paper of
very great strength.

page_text: According to the said Invention I take pieces of deal or other wood,
and saw them so that one of their surfaces is inclined or oblique length-
wise to the direction of the fibres. These peculiarly shaped pieces of
wood are then placed in a tank containing weak chlorine liquor, and
are boiled therein for about four hours. The said pieces of wood are
then taken to the cutting machine. This machine is constructed with
a frame of wood or other suitable material on which is mounted a
sliding table. The latter receives a reciprocating motion in suitable
guides by means of a crank and connecting rod. Upon this table I
place the cutter which is formed with teeth like a saw. The pieces
of wood are supported upon the frame between two cross bars just
above the table, and in such a position that as the latter is moved
to and fro the saw teeth come in contact with the inclined or oblique
surface of the wood. Over the frame I place a series of levers which
are provided with vertical arms arranged to bear upon the pieces of
wood and keep them in contact with the aforesaid cutter. The said
pieces of wood should be placed between the said cross bars in a
position somewhat inclined or slanting horizontally so that the saw
teeth will not cut grooves or channels in the wood, but will follow
each other and cut the same evenly over its entire surface. Over the
frame I place a tank containing a weak solution of chloride of lime or
other suitable solution. This solution, which is conducted to the table
by perforated pipes, softens the wood and facilitates its separation into
fibres by the action of the cutter.
The fibres produced by the aforesaid machine are removed therefrom
and placed in an agitating tank containing chloride of lime or bleaching
liquor, and are thereby treated in the usual manner to softer and bleach
them. Then they are boiled in a tank containing clear water, and then
passed between squeezing rollers to deprive them of their superfluous
moisture. The fibrous mass thus produced may then be manufactured
into paper by the usual processes. I prefer to use the spent liquor of
the agitator or bleaching tank for boiling the pieces of wood and for
softening them while in the machine. The said agitating or bleaching
tank and the other tanks used in my process are open, and I wish it
distinctly understood that no part of the said process. is. conducted under
pressure.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Noad' in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 1st March 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
NOAD, of Gainsborough Road, Hackney Wick, in the County of Middle-
sex, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her'
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said James Noad, Her special licence that I,.
the said James Noad, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said James Noad, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
PAPER PULP FROM WOOD, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said James Noad, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the.
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date.
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Noad, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawing,
forming a part of this Specification.
My Invention relates to the manufacture of paper pulp from wood in
an economical and expiditious manner. I make the pulp with any
desired length of fibres, and therefore am enabled to produce paper of
very great strength.

page_text: In practising the said Invention, I take pieces of deal or other wood of
suitable shape and size, and place them in my improved cutting
apparatus or machine, wherein the wood is reduced to a fibrous condition
and converted into pulp as herein-after described.
This machine is constructed as shewn in the accompanying Drawing,
in which Figure 1 is a side elevation of the said machine; Figure 2 is a
plan of the same; Figure 3 is a side view of one of the cutters used in
the said machine drawn to an enlarged scale; Figure 4 is a transverse
section of the said cutter; Figures 5 and 6 are similar views of other
cutters used in the said machine. Like letters indicate the same parts
throughout the Drawing.
The said machine has a frame a of cast iron, wood, or other suitable
material, on which is mounted a sliding table b; the latter has imparted
to it a reciprocating motion in suitable guides c by means of a crank d
and connecting rod e. In this table b, I form slots wherein I fit
the cutters f, some of which are formed with teeth like a sawas in
Figure 3, some with teeth bevelled in the opposite direction, and others
with the teeth as shewn in Figure 5. The teeth of the cutters in
Figure 3 have no set or lateral inclination, but those of the cutter shewn
in Figure 5 are set or inclined as in Figure 6. The first cutter in the
table is like that shewn in Figure 3, the second is like that in Figure 5,
the third has teeth formed like that in Figure 3, but bevelled or raking
in the opposite direction, and the same order is followed throughout the
entire set of cutters. By this arrangement of the said cutters I obtain a
more rapid reduction of the wood to the desired condition than would
be otherwise practicable. The pieces of wood A are supported upon the
table 6 in a frame of bars 9 in such a position that as the said table
is moved to and fro the teeth of the cutters f come in contact with the
under surface of the wood. Upon the bracket a¹ I mount a series of
levers h which are provided with vertical arms i arranged to bear upon
the said pieces of wood and keep them in contact with the aforesaid
cutters. The bars 9 are not made fast to the said table, but are arranged
slightly above it with a capability of moving to and fro laterally or across
the same, and I impart to it the desired lateral movement by means
of a rod j. The said rod is secured to the under side of the table b in
an inclined or oblique position as shewn in Figure 2. On a bar k which
is connected with the aforesaid frame of bars g, I mount two anti-
fraction rollers one on each side of the rod, and as the latter moves

page_text: to and fro with the table the said bar acts like a cam upon the bars g,
and moves them with the wood to and fro laterally on the said table.
The said frame of bars g is enclosed within the box m which is wide
enough to permit the required lateral movement of the said frame of bars.
Over the frame a I place a tank containing a weak solution of chloride
of lime or other suitable liquid which softens the wood. This solution
is conducted to the wood by perforated pipes n, and facilitates its
separation into fibres and conversion into pulp, and I provide the
apparatus or machine with a pump to return the solution into the tank
after it has been used.
The fibres leave the aforesaid machine in the condition of pulp or
half stuff, which may be manufactured into paper by the usual
processes, but I may further treat the pulp by placing it in an agitating
tank containing chloride of lime or bleaching liquor. It is then placed
in a tank containing clean water, and afterwards passed between
squeezing rollers to deprive it of the superfluous moisture. It may then
be manufactured into paper by the usual processes. I prefer to use the
spent liquor of the agitator or bleaching tank for softening the pieces of
wood while in the machine.
The said agitating or bleaching tank and the other tanks used in my
process are open, and I wish it distinctly understood that no part of the
said process is conducted under pressure, and that moreover I do not
require or use any powerful chemical agents such as are ordinarily
employed in similar processes.
Having thus fully described the said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I wish it understood that I claim,―
First. In the manufacture of paper pulp from wood reducing the
blocks or pieces of wood to a fibrous condition by means of cutters
constructed, arranged, and operating as herein-described, while the fibres
are saturated with a solution of chloride of lime or other suitable liquid,
and thereby converting the wood into pulp or half stuff without any
subsequent treatment.
Second. An apparatus or machine provided with toothed cutters
constructed and arranged in relation to each other, and operating to
reduce the wood to a fibrous condition, as herein set forth and for the

page_text: Third. In the said apparatus or machine the reciprocating table pro-
vided with the cutters, the frame of bars moving to and fro laterally or
across the said table, the inclined or oblique bar and rollers for producing
this lateral motion, the weighted levers and other parts combined and
operating together, as herein set forth and for the purposes specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Noad, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
Witness,
WM. ROBT. LAKE,
8, Southampton Buildings,
London.
JAMES NOAD. (L.S.)