Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Feb., 1887.
Specification Accepted, 5th Apr., 1887.
I ADAM KOERBER of 44 Frith Street, Shaftesbury Avenue, W London in the County
of Middlesex England Elecrician and mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
--
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction, and mode of working
heated air or caloric Engines, for Driving Dental tools, Lathes, Sewingmachines,
Dynamos, ventilating fans, air compressing pumps, pumps for water, and the supply of
liquid fuel to Steam boilers, for driving Bicycles or tricyles, and for various other
purposes.
The Engine may be constructed of a compact form, so as to admit of its use in
Domestic Appartements; and in order to render it applicable to such uses, I provide
means by which annoyance caused by the noise of escaping air, & the smell of
oil & unburned Gas, to which this Class of Engines have been hitherto subject is
obviated.
The improved Hot Air or Caloric motor consists of a vertical, and preferably
a cylindrical Heating chamber A of sheet Iron or steel, brazed, the lower
part of this chamber is in the form of an inverted cup B, with a Rim
at its lower edge, this Cup I rivet airtight into the lower part of the
heating chamber; and I close in the top part of it, by a Lid C, with a
hole in its centre provided with a stuffing box D within this Heating chamber I
place a second and also airtight Displacer Cylinder E and having its bottom placed
about two inches from its lower edge, for the purpose of fitting into an annular space
around the inverted cup above described, to the Displacer Cylinder which fits losely
into the Heating Cylinder or chamber; and is in small Engines about two inches
shorter than the said Chamber, I connect at the centre of its top, a Rod F; which
passes through a stuffing box D, which has in it a series of grooves for the purpose of
retaining the lubricant this Rod is connected by a link, or ball and socket joint G with
one end of a Beam H, turning on a fulcrum I, attached to the top casting of Engine,
the other end of this Beam is also provided with a Ball & socket Joint K, to which is
attached one end of a connecting Rod L which at its other end is connected to a crank
pin m on the horizontal Driving shaft n which carries the flywheel o and pullies. This
Shaft works in Bearings V cast on the frame of Engine, or on the baseplate and is
in order to give stability placed as low down as possible. At one side of the framework

page_text: of the Engine I place an inverted working Cylinder W either fixed, or oscilating, open
at its lower end, with the exception of a crossbar with a hole in its centre for the
piston Rod to work through, thus allowing of free ingress & egress of air and
preventing the whistling noise caused by air passing through a contracted orifice in
Engines of this Class.
The Cylinder preferably is made to vibrate on trunnions Z or on a pin, at its upper
end, and through them I conduct the air by means of a pipe or passage a. connected
with the top of Heating chamber, such air acts upon the upper part of the piston
in the working cylinder W; and by means of a piston Rod communicates motion
to the Crank b. and Driving shaft.
The Heating chamber I surround at its lower part by a jacket e, which extends
some distance up its sides, and also below and can be adjusted up down by
setscrews ; and is lined at the shoulder with Slagwool or other nonheatconducting
material this Jacket is provided with a bottom and a hole or air tube e. in the centre
thereof. I also provide and fix a lining of Sheet Iron f, between the inner surface of
the jacket and the Heating chamber A, and which reaches nearly up to the top part,
where I provide openings for the escape of superflouus heat.
In the middle of this Jacket and nearly reaching up to the under edge of the
Heating chamber h. I place a bunsen burner g or specially constructed Petroleum
or Benzoline burner, or a Parafin lamp or Lamps, or spirit Lamps.
The upper part of my Heating chamber A I keep cool by a Reservoir . filled
with water; and in order to conduct the heat more readily I arrange radiating Ribs k.
cast on the upper part of the Heating chamber A. and also the water reservoir h.
The Heating chamber A. is connected to the Reservoir . byra flange i. and screws
and bolts and four pillars 1, or frames connected with the baseplate 11. thus
supporting Heating chamber A and Reservoir h. A packing ring is placed
between the flange & Reservoir . and I make this ring of a nonbeatconducting
material such as Slagwool or asbestos.
The mode of operation is as follows.
Supposing the Displacercylinder E. to be at the top of its stroke, the heat of
the flame now heats the bottom of Heating chamber A. that part enclosed by
the jacket C. and also the air within the chamber and directly under the
Displacer E. to about 700° C; and on the Displacer E moving downwards, it
forces the Heated; and expanded air upwards and into the working Cylinder W,
by this time the Engine having performed half a Revolution the piston moves
upwards; and the air now cooled to about 100° C. at the upper part of the
Heating chamber A is forced back under the Displacer E. by its upward movement
to be heated over again.
In larger Engines the Heat producer may be Coke wood or other suitable fuel.
I sometimes place two Heating chambers side by side; and by placing the
Crankshaft and flywheel in the middle between the two, I connect the two working
Cylinders and their Crankpins to the same Driving shaft and by this means obtain
increased power.
For dental tools and for driving small machinery I provide a bracket Q. on the
framing of the Engine, which thus for the time being forms a part of the combined
apparatus.
In order to increase the Heating and cooling surface of the larger type of Engines
I sometimes corrugate the surfaces of the Heating chamber and Displacer or provide
the same with radiating ribs; and I also sometimes cause the air which is displaced
during the downstroke of the piston in the working Cylinder to pass in close contact
with the side of the said Cylinder by means of a jacket.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention,
and in what manner the same is performed I declare that what I claim is:
1. The General construction; and arrangement of parts of the described Engine.
2. The external Jacket of the lower part of Heating chamber, with the lining etc.
for the purpose as described.

page_text: 3. The mode of fixing the upper part of heating chamber with ribs, for the
conduction of the Heat to the water of the reservoir for the purposes as described.
4. Of corrugating the surfaces of Heating chamber, and Displacer cylinder for the
purposes as described.
5. The mode of fixing the upper part of Heating chamber; and the Water
reservoir in one part connected with Ribs for the purposes as described.
6. The priority of the Engineframe; means for attaching dental or other tools
directly to the Engine for the purposes as described.
7. Conducting the air from the Heating chamber to the working Cylinder by an
air passage through the Castings of the Reservoir, the trunnions, or pin for the
purpose as described.
Dated this 5 L
T