Improvements in and relating to Windows,
Year: 1898

page_text: Improvements in and relating to Windows,
We, CHARLES CHIDLEY MALLETT, Engineer, and MARY HANNAH MALLETT,
Widow, both of Shorne Cottage, Southend, in the County of Essex, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
Our invention relates to improvements in windows of the kind or class in which
the sashes or casements are adapted to turn or swing about hinges or pivots to
open and close the window, and our said invention is chiefly designed to provide
improved means for enabling what is normally the outside of the window to be
turned towards the interior so as to permit of its being readily cleaned, glazed
or painted, and also for securing the sash or casement when desired, so that this
reversal cannot take place, thus enabling the window to be opened and closed in
the ordinary manner.
According to our said invention, we mount the said sash or casement by means
of hinges or the like, on arms or brackets which are themselves hinged or pivoted
to the window-frame, and we arrange the centre lines or axes of the said hinges
or the like connecting the sash or casement to the arms or brackets, at a short dis-
tance beyond the outside or inside of the said sash. By these means the sashes or
casements can be turned relatively to the said brackets if desired, through an angle
of 180 degrees or more so as to permit of their being readily cleaned from the
interior. Another advantage gained by arranging the said hinges as above
mentioned is that the sash or casement can be reversed without risk of its coming
into contact with the brickwork, stonework or other material forming the reveal
or projecting mouldings and without interfering with the weathering fillets of
the frame.
Our said invention also comprises improved locking devices for connecting the
sash or casement to the swinging arms or brackets, these devices being capable
of being unlocked separately and of being held automatically in that position
until the sash or casement is moved away from the said arms or brackets, when
they will return to their normal positions ready to lock the sash or casement to
the said arms or brackets when these parts are again brought together or into
their normal position.
According to another part of our said invention we provide a sash or casement
which is adapted to swing about two horizontal axes, one on the window-frame,
and the other on the said movable arms or brackets, these axes being so arranged
that the sash or casement will turn about the axis on the said arms or brackets
by the action of gravity so as to normally remain in contact with the said arms
or brackets and can be turned by hand or otherwise about the said axis so as to
bring the side of the casement, which is normally outside, into such a position
that access can be readily had thereto from the interior. The sash or casement
can also be turned about the other axis so as to open and close the window in the
ordinary way.
Our said invention moreover comprises other improvements hereinafter men-
tioned.

page_text: In carrying our said invention into practice, according to one form or
modification, we provide, on each side of the window-frame, preferably near the
middle of its height, a metal plate or fitting onto which is hinged the movable
arm or bracket for receiving the sash. Each of the said movable arms or brackets
is provided at its inner end with a laterally-extending stop which is adapted to
engage with a fixed stop on the window-frame, when the sash is at a suitable
angle, say 45 degrees, to the plane of the window-frame; this stop is preferably
combined with the metal plate or fitting above mentioned, it may also if desired
be formed by part of the window-frame itself. The outer end of the said arm or
bracket is hinged or pivoted to a plate or bracket fixed to the sash and extending
to a short distance beyond either the outer or the inner surface thereof. The
said plate or bracket on the sash is preferably formed with a stop adapted to
normally engage with the movable armi or bracket. If it be now desired to clean
the outer side of the sash, the said sash is turned about the hinges at the outer
end of the movable arms or brackets so as to bring the outer side of the sash
towards the interior, the stops on the movable arms or brackets meanwhile
remaining in contact with the stops on the window-frame.
In applying our invention to a top-hung sash, we hinge or pivot one end of
each of the movable arms or brackets to outwardly-extending brackets on the
sash, as above mentioned, and the other end to the top of the window-frame. The
said arms or brackets are preferably made of L-shaped cross-section so arranged
that one member of the section shall extend over the face of the sash and the
other member along the edge thereof. These arms or brackets are each combined
with a locking device whereby they can be readily secured to or released from the
sash. This locking device comprises a hook or catch secured to the movable arm
or bracket and a rotary latch mounted in the sash or casement and adapted to
engage with the said hook or catch. The said latch is mounted on a pin or bolt
turning in a bush or sleeve in the sash or casement and is provided at its inner
end with a slotted head, turn-button or the like whereby it may be readily turned
from the interior. It is moreover so mounted on the said pin or bolt that it will
normally remain in engagement with the hook or catch on the sash or casement
by the action of gravity; or it may be provided with a suitable spring for this
purpose. Suitable stops are also provided for limiting the motion of the said
latch in either direction. In order to enable the latch to be held out of engage-
ment with the said hook or catch so as to permit of the latches on the arms or
brackets being unfastened one at a time, we provide each of the said latches
with a notch or recess adapted to engage with a gravity- or spring-pawl mounted
on the inner side of the corresponding movable arm or bracket so as to retain the
latch in its unlocking position when brought into the same by the said turn-button
or slotted head, but to be withdrawn from engagement with the said latch when
the sash or casement is swung away from the said arms or brackets, thus releasing
the said latch and allowing it to re-engage the hook or catch when the sash or
casement is again brought into its normal position, the latch and the hook or
catch being each provided with interengaging inclined surfaces for enabling the
latch to ride over the hook or catch when the parts are brought together. This
latch and the recess in which it is placed are preferably arranged so as to be
covered by the corresponding movable arm or bracket when the parts are in their
normal position so as to prevent the access of dust and to render the window
burglar-proof. If desired the sash or casement can be held in its reversed position,
for cleaning the exterior, by means of a flush-bolt arranged to be. shot into holes
in a bracket fixed in a suitable position near the sash. Or other suitable means
may be employed for this purpose.
In applying our invention to a bottom-hung sash, we arrange the parts in a
similar manner to that above mentioned with reference to the top-hung sash with
the exception that the movable arms or brackets are hinged or pivoted to the
lower side of the window-frame. In this case we preferably combine, with the
movable arms or brackets, suitable arc-shaped arms having lateral projections or

page_text: stops at their ends for engaging with the window-frame when the sash is open
and thus limiting the angle through which the window can be swung from its
closed position. One advantage gained by this method of construction is that, in
cases where the sash swings inwards, the said arc-shaped arms are on the outside
of the window and therefore do not deteriorate the appearance of the room or
obstruct the interior thereof.
Our improvements can also be applied to side-hung casements in an analogous
manner to that above mentioned with reference to top-hung sashes except that
in this case we prefer to make the movable arms or brackets of T-section, the
perpendicular limb of the T being arranged so as to pass between the edges of
the casement and the window-frame.
Dated this 10th day of duenst 1808
D. YOUNG & Co.
11 and 12, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicants.
We, CHARLES CHIDLEY MALLETT, Engineer, and MARY HANNAH MALLETT,
Widow, both of Shorne Cottage, Southend, in the County of Essex, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the saine is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
-
Our invention relates to improvements in windows of the kind or class in which
the sash is adapted to turn or swing about horizontal pivots to open and close the.
window, and our said invention is chiefly designed to provide improved means for
enabling the sash to be turned so that its outer surface will be presented towards
the interior to permit of its being readily cleaned, glazed or painted.
According to our said invention, we mount the said sash by means of horizontal
pivots on arms or brackets which are themselves pivoted to the window-frame,
and we so arrange the parts that the common horizontal axis of the pivots which
connect the sash to the said arms or brackets, will be a short distance from the
inside surface of the said sash. By these means the sash can, when desired, be
turned relatively to the sash-frame through an angle of nearly 180 degrees to
permit of its being readily cleaned, glazed or painted from the interior.
Our improved sash is, therefore, adapted to swing about two parallel horizontal
axes, one on the window-frame, and the other on the said swinging or rocking
arms or brackets, these axes being so arranged that the sash can be turned by
hand about the one axis to open or close the window in the ordinary way, and can
be turned by hand about the other axis so as to bring the side of the sash which
is normally outside, into such a position that access can be readily had thereto
from the interior, and, the said sash, when released, will return under the influence
of gravity to its normal position and remain therein in contact with stops on the
said arms or brackets.
In carrying our said invention into practice, according to one form or modifi-
cation, we provide on each side of the window-frame, preferably near the middle
of its height, a metal plate or fitting to which is hinged or pivoted a swinging
or rocking arm or bracket for receiving the sash. Each of the said movable
arms or brackets is provided with a laterally-extending stop adapted to engage
with a fixed stop on the window-frame, when the sash is at a suitable angle,

page_text: say 45 degrees, to the plane of the said frame; this stop is preferably combined
with the metal plate or fitting above mentioned; it may also, if desired, be formed
by part of the window-frame itself. To the free end of each arm or bracket is
hinged or pivoted a bracket or lug fixed to the sash and extending to a short
distance beyond the inner surface thereof. Each of the brackets or lugs on the
sash is preferably formed with a stop adapted to normally engage with the movable
arm or bracket.
In the accompanying drawing we have shown a window constructed according
to our said invention.
Figure 1 is an elevation of the inside of our improved window.
Figure 2 is a vertical transverse section of a portion of the same.
Figure 3 is a similar view to Figure 2, the parts being shown in a different
position.
Figure 4 is a similar view to Figure 3, showing a slight modification of our
said invention.
Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawing.
a is the sash-frame; b is the sash; c, c are brackets or lugs attached to the two
stiles of the sash and projecting to a suitable distance from the inside, surface
thereof as shown more clearly in Figures 2, 3 and 4. In these lugs e, are held
pivots & whereby the said sash bis hung in two swinging or rocking arms c
pivoted at f to the sash-frame a. The said arms e are provided with stops e¹
adapted to bear against the outer surface of the sash-frame as shown in Figures
1 to 3, or with stops e adapted to engage with the inside surface of the said
frame as shown in Figure 4, for the purpose of limiting the movement of the said
arms e and supporting the latter while the sash is being turned about the pivots d
The lugs c are preferably provided with lateral projections cl to bear against the
rocking arms e and thus limit the turning of the sash relatively to the said
arms under the influence of gravity.
In Figures 1 and 2 the window is shown closed. To open it, the sash band
arms c are turned about the pivots f into the position shown by full lines in
Figure 3 or Figure 4, the sash being retained by gravity in its proper position
relatively to the said arms c.
If it be desired to clean the outer side of the sash, the said sash is turned about
the pivots so that the outer side of the sash will be presented towards the
interior, as indicated by dotted lines in Figure 13 or Figure 4, the stops el or c²
on the movable arms e meanwhile bearing against the window-frame and
preventing further rocking of the arms c. The sash bis so hung in the rocking
arms e that, when released, it will return by its own weight to the position shown
by full lines in Figure 3 or Figure 4.
It will be seen, therefore, that by hanging the sash in the manner hereinbefore
described so that it can swing or rock about two parallel horizontal axes, and
providing suitable stops, we are enabled to turn the sash through an angle of
about 180 degrees when it is desired to clean the outside of the window.
In the window shown, the sash is recessed in front from the lower end of
the brackets or arms c downward, as at b, Figures 1 and 3, and strips y are
fixed in the front of the sash-frame a so that they will fill or close the said
recesses and cover the narrow openings between the sides of the sash and the
sash-frame, when the window is shut. This arrangement, by reason of the over-
lapping of the parts, diminishes the draught between the sash and sash-frame
when the window is shut.
It is obvious that the construction of our improved window can be somewhat
modified without departing from the nature of our said invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is: -
First. A window having a sash hung in such a manner that it can swing or

page_text: rock about two parallel horizontal axes, substantially as hereinbefore described
and for the purposes specified.
Second. The combination, with a sash-frame, of brackets or arms pivoted to
the inner surface of the sides thereof and having a sash connected with their free
ends by horizontal pivots held in lugs projecting inward from the said sash, for
the purposes above specified.
Third. The improved window constructed substantially as described with
reference to the accompanying drawing and for the purposes specified.
1011
1000
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 and 12, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicants.