IM- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORGEING IRON AND OTHER METALS."
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Longden Hattersley, of Keighley in
the County of York, Machine Maker, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORGEING IRON AND OTHER METALS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Longden
Hattersley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 2nd June 1853.
I, RICHARD LONGDEN HATTERSLEY, of Keighley, in the County of
York, Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORGEING IRON AND OTHER
METALS" to be as follows:-
6
My improvements consist in the arrangement, adaptation, and employ-
ment of certain mechanism for the forgeing and shaping of iron and
other malleable metals, by which I am enabled to forge and form (pre-
paratory to subsequent operations) the flyers or parts thereof employed
in roving and spinning machinery, and also other like forms and shapes
employed for other purposes.

page_text: The annexed Drawing shows the adaptation of my improvements to
the machine known as "Ryder's forgeing machine." Fig. 1. being an
elevation of the swages, and Fig's. 2, & 3, the faces of the upper and
lower swages respectively; the upper swages A, have a rapid vertical
movement given to them, as usual, and the lower swages B, are con-
nected to an excentric C, by which they can be elevated by the
attendent when desired. The operation to forge a flyer is thus:—the
bar of iron or other metal in a heated state is first placed between the
swages at D, and the lower swage raised by the excentric C, by which
the boss of the flyer will be roughley formed; it is then removed and
placed between at E, by which the stem on one side of the boss will be
drawn down to the desired size; it is then placed between at F, and the
roughley formed end thus cut off, the lower swage being raised by the
excentric; this cut off piece is then taken up, and the other end of the
stem drawn, as before, between the swages at E; it is then placed
between at G, and the lower swage again raised; the boss will be thus
formed and shaped; the stem may then be finished by other machinery,
or by hand as usual.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Richard Longden Hattersley in the Great Scal
Patent Office, on the 2nd December 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
RICHARD LONGDEN HATTERSLEY, of Keighley, in the County of York,
Machine Maker, send greeting.
year
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of June, in the of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the sixteenth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Richard Longden Hattersley, Her special
licence that I, the said Richard Longden Hattersley, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Richard
Longden Hattersley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all

page_text: times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORGING IRON AND
OTHER METALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Richard Longden Hattersley, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Longden Hattersley, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:
My Invention of improvements relate to the forging or shaping of
steel, iron, or other malleable metals, by mechanical means, into certain
descriptions of articles, more particularly the flyers, and other like
articles used in the several branches or processes of spinning or
doubling fibrous materials, and applicable more particularly to that class
of forging machines which forms the subject matter of Letters Patent
granted to Mr. William Ryder, and dated the 8th day of February
1841, although I do not confine the adaptation and application of my
improvements to that class of machines exclusively.
My improvements consist in combining the swages or dies or
hammers, between which the forging operation is performed, in such
manner as considerably to simplify it, and to reduce the length of time
necessary to form the-article, and thereby to forge and shape it at one
heat of the metal in most cases.
The accompanying Drawing will illustrate my improvements as
adapted and applied to one of the above-named class of forging machines,
and known as "Ryder's machines." Figure 1, representing a front
elevation, and Figure 2, a transverse elevation of one of these machines.
Figure 3, shows the face of the ordinary upper, and Figure 4, the face
of the ordinary lower flat swages; Figure 5, the face of the upper

page_text: and
combined swage, and Figure 6, the face of the lower one;
Figure 7, a vertical section of the upper and the lower combined
swages, and swage bars through the line 1,-1.
It will not be necessary for me to more than briefly describe those parts
of the machine and their action which do not form my present improve-
ments. Upon the general framing A, of the machine is mounted the
horizontal excentric or cam shaft B, which is driven in the ordinary
manner by the usual fast and loose pullies C; the excentrics D, D, upon
this shaft, during its revolutions, by their action upon the bars E, E, give
a rapid vertical movement to them, they duly sliding in guides upon the
frame-work of the machine; these bars are the upper swage bars, their
lower ends being socketed to receive the stems of the swages F, G; the
swage bars are provided with springs H, H, by which they are raised
and supported after each downward action of the excentrics; the lower
swages F, G, are in like manner attached to the lower swage bars I, I,
and these have screwed connections at their lower ends to adjust their
respective heights; the lower swage bar carrying the ordinary flat
swage is supported upon some elastic medium, so as to give a certain
amount of elasticity to the lower swage, and reduce the concussions
arising from the action of the machine; the lower swage bar carrying
the combined swage rests upon an excentric or cam K, upon a shaft
which has a lever handle L, upon its outer end, and is for the purpose
of raising the lower swage when required.
Hitherto, in forging or shaping articles by mechanical means, a separate
and distinct pair of swages or dies were used for each process or form of
the forging operation, and each of these pairs of swages were mounted
on its own separate and distinct swage bars; thus the drawing down
of the metal was effected by one pair of swages, the formation of any
boss or projection upon the article by a second pair, the cutting off
from the bar or rod of metal by a third pair, and so on for each
separate process; the time thus consumed in moving the article from
swage to swage is considerable, and does not enable the article to be
formed at one heat of the metal, entailing a considerable expense and
inconvenience.
By my improvements the faces of the swages being in combination,

page_text: and closely adjacent to each other, and connected to the same swage
bars, enables me to transfer the bar or rod of iron, or other metal
under operation, from one pair of surfaces to another in rapid succes-
sion, and with such economy of time as to forge and shape the article at
one heat of the metal, and in a better and more uniform manner than
by the ordinary means.
The surfaces of the pair of combined swages, as represented in one
modification at Figures 5, and 6, are of a form intended to forge the
central portions of flyers employed in machinery for spinning and
doubling fibrous materials, but of course their form must be such as
will produce the article intended to be produced.
I will now describe the manner of forging by this machinery the central
portion of a flyer employed in spinning and doubling fibrous materials;
the bar or rod of steel or iron, or other metal from which it is to be
formed, being heated to the required temperature, is taken by the work-
man from the furnace, and the end of it is placed between the swage
surfaces at M, the lower swage is raised by the excentric K, by the
workman moving the lever handle L; this forms in a rough state the
boss of the flyer at a short distance from the end of the bar or rod; it is
then removed immediately, and that portion of the bar between the end
of it and the rough boss just previously formed is then drawn down by
the surface or flat swages F, F, to the desired diameter or size; it is
then removed and placed at N, so that upon the descent of the upper
swage by the action of the shaft above, and the ascent of the lower one
by the action of the excentric below, by the workman moving the lever
handle, the end before drawn down, the roughly formed boss, and a
length of the bar or rod sufficient to form the second end of the flyer
will be cut off by the cutting surfaces of the swages from the bar or
rod; the piece thus cut off' is now taken up, and the second end of the
flyer is thendrawn down to the desired diameter or size, as the first one
was, by the action of the surface or flat swages F, F'; it is then again
removed, and placed between the swages at O, in such manner that
the rough boss before made shall be placed directly over the recesses in
the swage, so that upon the descent of the upper swage, and the ascent
of the lower one, as before described, the metal will take the form of

page_text: the recesses in the swages, and shape the boss of the flyer accordingly;
the flyer thus forged may then be further drawn or swaged out, bent,
and fitted in the ordinary manner; the whole of the above movements
follow in rapid succession, so that the forging of the flyer is effected
whilst the metal retains a sufficient degree of temperature, without the
necessity of reheating it to complete the operation, though it is not
essential that it should be so, as for very small flyers, or other like
articles, it may be requisite in some cases to reheat the metal before
the article is completely forged.
Having now described my said Invention of improvements, and the
manner of effecting the same, I hereby declare that what I claim as
my said Invention, and protection accordingly, to be as follows:
The forging of steel, iron, or other malleable metals to form the
flyers of machinery employed in the spinning and doubling of fibrous
materials, or other like articles, by means of swages or dies or
hammers, each having two or more separate and distinct forms or
surfaces, which perform or effect different and separate purposes in
such forging operation to produce the article desired, and such swages,
dies, or hammers being actuated or worked by mechanical means.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Longden Hattersley, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this 29th day of November,
in the year of our Lord 1853.
Witness,
RICHARD LONGDEN HATTERSLEY. (L.S.)
JNO. GREENWOOD,
JOHN KNIGHT WILKINSON.