" THE MENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF CRUDE EARTH WAX ADAPTED FOR MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES, NIGHT LIGHTS, AND OTHER ARTICLES FOR WHICH WAX IS USED AND IN THE CANDLES, NIGHT LIGHTS AND OTHER ARTICLES PRODUCED THEREFROM
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Edward Tucker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th September 1882.
FRANCIS EDWARD TUCKER of Peckham in the County of Surrey IMPROVE-
"
THE
MENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF CRUDE EARTH WAX ADAPTED FOR
MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES, NIGHT LIGHTS, AND OTHER ARTICLES FOR WHICH
WAX IS USED AND IN THE CANDLES, NIGHT LIGHTS AND OTHER ARTICLES
PRODUCED THEREFROM
"
This Invention consists in the method of purifying and refining crude earth wax
combined with Paraffine scales or other material of similar nature so as to adapt
the same for the manufacture of candles and night lights superior to those as at
present manufactured and is also applicable to the manufacture of articles generally
where wax is employed.
According to this invention I treat crude earth wax (by preference Galician
earth wax) combined with paraffine scales or other material of a similar nature in
about the following proportions.
To about 13 cwt. of Crude Earth wax I add 10 cwt of Paraffine Scales and melt
this mixture in a suitable boiler and allow it to boil for about two hours adding
thereto Caustic Lees of strength 12 to 15 Beaume, I then allow the dirt to settle
and run the wax off into a jacketted kettle (lead lined and of conical shape by
preference) provided with an agitator adding thereto about 160 lbs of Sulphuric
acid and agitate for about three hours at 206° Fahrenheit. I again allow it to
settle for about two hours at a heat of about 200° Fahrenheit and then run the
wax off again into another similar jacketted kettle adding thereto about 56 lbs of
Chloride of Magnesia and agitate again for about two hours and then allow the
bottoms to settle, then again run off the wax into another jacketted kettle adding
about 56 lbs of Fuller's Earth to the wax and agitate again for about two hours at
about 200° F. and allow this to settle for about four hours keeping the same heat,
I then run the wax off through twill or other suitable bags and filter through
granulated animal charcoal at about 400° F. Should the wax not be sufficiently
bleached it should be run through the filters again.
This being done boil the wax in an enamel pan with free steam for about two
hours at 212° F. adding dilute oxalic acid and allow it to settle and again run the

page_text: wax off into an enamel jacketted pan and boil it in hot water for about two hours,
then draw off wax which will be ready for manufacturing into candles night
lights or other articles in combination with other materials as hereafter described
or seperately. For the wicks of candles made from Crude Earth wax prepared as
above I find the best material to employ is very fine bleached cotton rather tightly
plaited and the number of threads suited to candles of six to the pound made from
this wax is three strands of 11 threads each and for each larger size candle I add
3 more threads. I do not however wish to confine myself to any particular size of
wick which may be varied.
I find the best preparation for steeping the wicks for candles made according to
this invention to be a solution of pure Sulphide of Ammonia and Borax.
I prefer to dry the wicks in the air.
In order to make candles from wax prepared as aforesaid, to ³/lb of wax I add
about /lb of hard sterine or the wax may be mixed with other suitable material
in suitable proportions and made into candles in the ordinary way