Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Oct., 1886
Complete Left, 14th July, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 6th Sept., 1887.
I, JAMES GRIEVE LORRAIN, of Norfolk House, Victoria Embankment, London,
W.C., Consulting Engineer, and SIDNEY WATERS, of same address, Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in or connected with reflectors for portable
electric incandescent lamps.
In portable electric incandescent lamps, that is incandescent electric lamps in con-
junction with a portable source or reservoir of electricical energy such as a primary or
secondary electric battery, the reflectors at present employed are metallic ones generally
placed at a short distance behind the lamp bulb; and in front of the lamp bulb there is
generally a lens through which the light from the said lamp shines. The fumes from
the source or reservoir of electrical energy, whether primary or secondary battery,
quickly cause these reflectors to tarnish, so that not only do they involve constant
attention in order to be kept clean, but they also involve frequent breakages of the
lamp bulbs during such process of cleaning or removal to be cleaned. The chief object
of my invention is to overcome this drawback; and this effect by employing a
reflector of such nature that it is not tarnished. I also construct it of such shape as
to obtain increased and more pleasing effect.
In carrying out my invention, instead of employing a metal reflector, 1 employ one
whose body consists of glass preferably of such form that it will surround the lamp
bulb in all directions except that occupied by the lens or pane of glass or other trans-
parent material through which the light is required to pass. This body of glass may
be either coated or impregnated with reflecting matter, or have matter of a more or
less reflecting nature embedded therein, as hereinafter specified.
I may coat this body of glass, so as to constitute the reflector, with silver or other
reflecting material for example as set forth in the final Specification accompanying my
Letters Patent No. 5738 of the year 1881; and when desired I may cover the said
reflecting surface with a protecting varnish or other protecting covering.

page_text: It will of course be understood that when the protecting film is deposited upon the
glass of the reflector that it should be deposited on the outside of the glass, that is on
that surface of the glass which is away from the lamp bulb.
In some cases, as for example when the glass of the reflector is coated with a film
of silver, it is convenient to electro deposit copper upon the reflecting film, and
thereafter to protect the copper by a covering of protecting varnish.
Or I may impregnate the glass, so as to constitute the reflector, with enamel, or
other more or less reflecting material, or imbed such enamel or material therein, as
for example in the manner specified in the complete Specification accompanying my
Letters Patent No. 1548 of the year 1884.
:
The reflector may be of any convenient form and it may be detachable from the
lens or pane before mentioned, or form part thereof; but it will be understood that
the lens or pane is always transparent, whilst either the whole or part of the rest of
the body of glass constituting the reflector may be coated or impregnated with the
reflecting material, or have reflecting material embedded in it.
It will be understood that the lamp bulb occupies a position at or near the focus of
the said reflector.
The reflector may be provided with an orifice or orifices for the passage of the
lamp bulb itself or of conductors in connection with the said lamp or of the lamp
holder.
When desired, the reflector alone, or the reflector with its attached lamp bulb (or
lamp proper) and lens or pane, may be detachable and any suitable mechanical
devices may be employed for the attachment of such detachable part, or combined
parts, as aforesaid with the source or reservoir of electrical energy or the containing
vessel or support of the same.
Dated this 14th day of October 1886.

page_text: Improvements in or Connected with Reflectors for Portable
Electric Incandescent Lamps.
We, JAMES GRIEVE LORRAIN, of Norfolk House, Norfolk Street, Victoria
Embankment, London, W.C., Consulting Engineer, and SIDNEY WATERS, of 33 East-
cheap, in the City of London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to improvements in or connected with reflectors for portable
electric incandescent lamps.
In portable electric incandescent lamps, that is incandescent electric lamps in
conjunction with a portable source or reservoir of electrical energy, such as a primary
or secondary electric battery, the reflectors at present employed are metallic ones,
generally placed at a short distance behind the lamp bulb; and in front of the lamp
bulb there is generally a lens through which the light from the said lamp shines. The
fumes from the source or reservoir of electrical energy, whether primary or secondary
battery, quickly cause these reflectors to tarnish, so that not only do the reflectors
require constant attention in order to be kept clean, but they also involve frequent
breakages of the lamp bulbs during such process of cleaning, or removal to be cleaned.
The chief object of our invention is to overcome these drawbacks, and this we effect
mainly by employing a reflector of such nature that it is not tarnished. We also
construct it of such shape as to obtain increased and more pleasing effect.
In carrying our invention into effect, instead of employing a metal reflector we
employ one whose body consists of glass generally of such form that it will surround
the lamp bulb in all directions except that occupied by the lens or pane of glass or
other transparent material through which the light is required to pass. This body of
glass may be either coated or impregnated with reflecting matter, or have matter of a
more or less reflecting nature embedded therein as hereinafter specified.
We generally coat this body of glass, so as to constitute the reflector, with silver
or other reflecting material, for example in the manner set forth in the final Specifi-
cation accompanying the Letters Patent No. 5738 of the year 1881 and when
desired we cover the said reflecting surface with a protecting varnish or other
protecting covering.
It will of course be understood that when the protecting film is deposited upon the
glass of the reflector that it should be deposited on the outside of the glass, that is on
that surface of the glass which is away from the lamp bulb.
In some cases, as for example when the glass of the reflector is coated with a film
of silver, it is convenient to electro-deposit copper upon the reflecting film, and
thereafter to protect the copper by a covering of protecting varnish.
In another form of our invention we impregnate the glass, constituting the reflector,
with enamel or other more or less reflecting material, or imbed such enamel or material
therein, as for example in the manner specified in the complete Specification accom-
panying the Letters Patent No. 1548 of the year 1884.

page_text: The reflector may be of any convenient form; and it may be separate or detachable
from the lens or pane before mentioned, or from part of itself: but it will be under-
stood that the lens or pane is always transparent, whilst either the whole or part of
the rest of the body of glass, that is the part constituting the reflector, is coated or
impregnated with the reflecting material or has reflecting material imbedded in it.
It will be understood that the lamp bulb occupies a position at or near the focus of
the said reflector when the concave surface is towards the lamp. When the said
surface is plane or convex towards the lamp, the lamp is placed as near to the said
surface as convenient.
When necessary the reflector is provided with an orifice or orifices for the passage
of the lamp bulb itself, or of conductors in connection with the said lamp, or of the
lamp holder.
When desired the reflector alone, or the reflector with its attached lamp bulb (that
is the lamp proper) and lens or pane may be detachable; and any suitable mechanical
devices may be employed for the attachment of such detachable part or combined parts
as aforesaid with the source or reservoir of electrical energy, or the containing vessel
or support of the same, and for making the necessary electrical connections.
In order that our invention may be more clearly understood we shall now proceed
to describe a few typical methods of carrying it into effect for which purpose we shall
refer to the accompanying sheets of drawings in which similar letters refer to corre-
sponding parts. Figure 1 illustrates diagramatically the case hereinbefore mentioned
of a glass reflector coated on the back with reflecting material having a concave surface
towards the lamp which is placed at or near its focus it also represents the case where
a reflector is made in two parts separable from each other.
Figures 2 and 3 illustrate diagramatically in elevation and section respectively the
cases hereinbefore of a reflector surrounding the lamp except on one side namely
that side which is occupied by the lens or pane, and having an orifice in it to admit
of the insertion of the lamp holder. It also illustrates diagramatically the case of a
combined lamp reflector and lens or pane which are readily removable from the case
or support containing the source or reservoir of electrical energy.
Figure 4 illustrates diagramatically a convenient form of orifice in a reflector in
which to secure the lamp.
Figure 5 illustrates diagramatically the case herein before mentioned of a reflector
and lens in one piece, or permanently attached to one another, having an orifice large
enough to admit an incandescent electric lamp.
In figure 1, A is the case containing the lamp and reflector and is shown standing
upon a second case B containing the battery or other source or reservoir of electrical
energy. C is the incandescent electric lamp, D and D' reflectors and E the lens.
In this case D and D' may either be considered as constituting a single reflector in
which a part is separate or detachable, as herein before referred to; or D and D' may
be considered as constituting two separate and distinct reflectors either of which
might if desired be used alone. D₁ is shown as a hollow truncated conc. D and
Dare here shown fixed to wooden blocks by cementing but it will be readily under-
stood that they may be fixed to the case or a support by any other convenient method
and either directly or indirectly. The lamp is attached to a holder I fixed to the case
through which wires J J¹ pass to the battery beneath. The lens E is shown attached
to the reflecting cone D¹ which is fixed in the front of the case A.
In figures 2 and 3 A is the lamp case, B the battery case, C the lamp, E the lens,
and D the reflector. In this case the reflector D is of such a size and shape as to
surround the lamp C in all directions except in that in which is the pane or lens E;
and it has an orifice K in its lower side through which passes the lamp holder I.
The lens or pane E is attached to the case A or to the reflector D by means of cement
or by clips or hinges or other equivalent contrivances so as to admit of new lamps
being placed within the reflector as required.
Figure 2 also illustrates an arrangement in which the case A carrying the reflector,
lamp and lens is detachable from the case B, being attached to it by sliding in a wide
groove L on the top of B. When slid into position the case is secured by means of

page_text: hooks or their equivalents. M M. Two strips of metal N N fixed in the bottom
of the case A and connected to the two terminals of the lamp respectively, rub upon
and make electrical connection with similar corresponding strips on the bottom of the
groove L situated on the top of the case B.
Figure 4 exhibits in section part of a reflector in which is a convenient form of
orifice in which to fix a lamp holder I. The orifice is surrounded by a rim D2 having
a lip D³ on its outer edge to strengthen it. A ring O of india rubber or other suitable
packing surrounds the lamp holder enabling it to be fixed more securely into the
orifice.
:
In figure 5 D is the reflector, and E the lens, in this case shown as moulded in one
piece of glass or they may be made separately and permanently attached to one
another, an orifice K being left sufficiently large to admit of the insertion of the
lamp After the insertion of the lamp the annular space between the lamp
holder I and the edges of the orifice K may be filled by a ring P formed of ebonite
or other suitable material. Or, such a ring may constitute the lamp holder itself
and may be attached in the orifice K by screwing packing or by any other convenient
known means. Although in these drawings the orifice is shown at the base of the
reflector we do not confine ourselves to that position as it may be made in the centre
or any other convenient part.
We find that what is known as Hay's Marine Varnish is a suitable varnish for
protecting a silver or other metallic coating applied to the glass of the reflector.
In some cases we seal platinum wires (preferably coiled in separate spirals) through
the glass reflector so as to act as supports for the incandescent electric lamp and also
as conductors of the electric current thereto. This arrangement is diagrammatically
represented in figure 6 which is sufficiently clear to render further description
unnecessary.
The various parts illustrated in the several figures may when convenient and
suitable be rearranged inter se. For example the ring P shown in figure 5 might be
arranged in connection with the form of orifice shown in figure 4.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we claim is
1. The improvement in reflectors for portable electric incandescent lamps consisting
of a sheet of glass moulded or otherwise constructed of any convenient form and
coated or impregnated with reflecting material substantially as set forth.
2. The improvement in reflectors for portable electric incandescent lamps consisting
of a glass reflector coated or impregnated after such manner as is hereinbefore
mentioned and of such form as to surround the lamp in all directions except in that
in which is the lens or pane and having an orifice in it for the insertion of the lamp
or of the lamp holder substantially as set forth.
3. The improvement in reflectors for portable electric incandescent lamps consisting
of a glass reflector coated or impregnated after such manner as is hereinbefore
mentioned and made in two parts separable from each other substantially as set forth
with reference to figure 1.
4. The improvement in reflectors for portable electric incandescent lamps consisting
of a glass reflector coated or impregnated after such manner as is herein before
mentioned and having the form of a hollow truncated cone substantially as set forth.
5. The improvement connected with reflectors for portable electric incandescent
lamps consisting in the combination of a lens or pane and a glass reflector coated or
impregnated after such manner as is herein before mentioned the said lens or pane
being attached to the said reflector by means of cement clips hinges or other
equivalent contrivances substantially as set forth.
6. The improvement connected with reflectors for portable electric incandescent
lamps consisting in the combination of a lens or pane, a glass reflector coated or
impregnated after such manner as is hereinbefore mentioned, and a lamp case; the

page_text: said lens or pane being attached either to the said reflector or to the said lamp case
by means of cement clips hinges or other convenient contrivances substantially as set
forth.
7. The improvement in reflectors for portable electric incandescent lamps consisting
in a glass reflector coated or impregnated after such manner as is hereinbefore
mentioned and having an orifice of a form substantially as set forth with reference
to figure 4.
8. The improvement connected with reflectors for portable electric incandescent
lamps consisting in a glass reflector coated or impregnated after such manner as is
hereinbefore mentioned and provided with an orifice for the insertion of a lamp holder
which lamp holder is secured in the orifice by means of indiarubber or other suitable
packing substantially as set forth.
9. The improvement connected with reflectors for portable electric incandescent
lamps consisting in the combination of a lamp case having conducting strips and a
battery case also having conducting strips the said conducting strips of the two said
cases respectively making contact and completing the circuit substantially as set forth.
10. The improvement in or connected with reflectors for portable electric incan-
descent lamps consisting in a combined lens and reflector substantially as set forth
with reference to figure 5.
11. The improvement in or connected with reflectors for portable electric incan-
descent lamps, consisting in the combination of a glass reflector coated or impregnated
after such manner as is hereinbefore mentioned and having an orifice for the insertion
of the lamp holder or of the lamp itself with a ring the said ring constituting the
lamp holder itself and attached in the orifice by screwing packing or other convenient
contrivance.
12. The improvement connected with reflectors for portable electric incandescent
consisting in the employment of a glass reflector coated or impregnated after such
manner as is hereinbefore mentioned and through which platinum wires are sealed
the said platinum wires serving as supports and conductors for the incandescent
electric lamp substantially as described.