IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING
Year: 1884

page_text: I, JACOB BAYNES THOMPSON, of New Cross, in the County of Kent, Chemist, do
hereby declare the nature of said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING, to
be as follows:—
My Invention has for its object the prevention of bowking stains and the partial
removal of the organic colouring matter in the material treated.
For this purpose I take advantage of the well known affinity of aluminium in
certain forms, for vegetable colouring matters. I add to the bowking alkali
aluminium in various forms: for example in the form of the ordinary trihydrate,
or as finely powdered Gibbsite or even as finely powdered kaolin or finely
powdered cyanite.
The first two I use with an alkaline carbonate, with the last two a caustic alkali
may also be used.
The quantity of alkali used may be from 60 lbs. to 80 lbs. to the ton of material
treated together with an equal quantity of the earth, but these quantities and
proportions may be varied according to the material treated.
After boiling 5 or 6 hours the material is thoroughly washed, and is then ready
to be treated with calcium hypochlorite in conjunction with carbonic anhydride
according to my British Patent N° 595 dated 3rd February 1883, and to my
Provisional Specification deposited on the 11th March 1884 and numbered 4707.

page_text: I, JACOB BAYNES THOMPSON, of New Cross, in the County of Kent, Chomist, do
hereby declare the nature of said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING, and
in what manner the same is to bo performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to improvements in bleaching, and it has for its object the
prevention of bowking stains and the partial removal of the organic colouring
matter in the material treated.
For this purpose I take advantage of the well known affinity of aluminium, in
certain forms, for vegetable colouring matters. I add to the bowking alkali
aluminium in various forms: for example, in the form of the ordinary trihydrate,
or as finely powdered gibbsito, or even as finely powdered kaolin, or finely
powdered cyanite.
The first two I use with an alkaline carbonato, with the last two a caustic alkali
may also be used, the proportions recommended being from 60 lbs. to 80 lbs. of
caustic soda to the ton of cloth, with from 60 lbs. to 80 lbs. of kaolin or cyanite.
An equivalent quantity of soda ash is to be used, or from 75 lbs. to 100 lbs. to tho
ton of cloth with about 80 lbs. of gibbsite or artificial trihydrate. The quantities
and proportions herein stated may be varied according to the material treated.
Artificial trihydrate may also be formed on the fibre of the material by reducing
aluminium chloride, or other salt of aluminium, on the cloth itself.
The mode which I prefer of applying the aluminous earth to the cloth is the
following-After the earths have been boiled in water to a thin paste of the
consistency of thick cream or batter, it is added to water in the cistern of a
calender washing machine.
The cloth is then run through the machine as it is piled or plaited in the boiling
kier, the rolls of the machine being relieved of part of their ordinary pressure, so
that too much of the levigated earth is not squeezed out. The pasto is added to
the water in the cistern, as required, so that the whole of the cloth may get an
equal proportion of it.
Where the trihydrate is reduced on the cloth I prefer a solution of aluminium
chloride. This solution may be formed by decomposing aluminium sulphate by
calcium chloride, both salts having been dissolved in the least quantity of water
requisite for solution. The cloth is run through this solution, with the rolls of the
wasbing machine set as above stated, and the cloth is piled direct from this
solution in the boiling kier, without washing, to be there reduced by the solution
of soda ash.
After boiling 5 or 6 hours, the material is thoroughly washed, and is then ready
to be treated with calcium hypochlorite in conjunction with carbonic anhydride
according to my British Patents, No 595 dated 3rd February 1883, and N° 4707
dated 11th March 1884.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said.
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
In the process of bleaching the use of aluminium in its various forms, and in the
manner substantially as herein stated and for the purposes set forth.