IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENTS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George William Bryant Kiallmark, of Bridgewater,
in the County of Somerset, and William Thomas Timewell, of North
Wharf Road, Paddington, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention
of T
MEEN MANOR
of
MANUFACTURE OF COM
Sealed the 31st May 1859, and dated the 10th December 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George William Bryant
Kiallmark and William Thomas Timewell at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 10th December 1858.
We, GEORGE WILLIAM BRYANT KIALLMARK, of Bridgewater, in the County
of Somerset, and WILLIAM THOMAS TIMEWELL, of North Wharf Road, Pad-
dington, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENTS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of cements,
and consists in placing in the kiln together with the fuel and cement, stones, or

page_text: other materials from which the cement is made, animal matter, such as horses'
hoofs, horn, or other similar substances, which animal matter being burnt with
the cement, stones, or other materials, improves the color and quality of the
In some cases in place of combining the animal matter with the
materials in the kiln, we distil the animal matter in a retort and lead the
gases from the retort into the interior of the kiln. The animal charcoal left
in the retort is afterwards ground with the cement.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George William Bryant Kiallmark and William Thomas
Timewell in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th June 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
WILLIAM BRYANT KIALLMARK, of Bridgewater, in the County of Somerset,
and WILLIAM THOMAS TIMEWELL, of North Wharf Road, Paddington, in the
County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said George William Bryant Kiallmark and William Thomas Timewell,
Her special licence that we, the said George William Bryant Kiallmark and
William Thomas Timewell, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as we, the said George William Bryant Kiallmark and William
Thomas Timewell, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
tine agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENTS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we,
the said George William Bryant Kiallmark and William Thomas Timewell,
our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or
their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same

page_text: to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said. George William Bryant Kiallmark
and William Thomas Timewell, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is
to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
cements, and consists in placing in the kiln, together with the fuel and cement,
stones or other materials from which the cement is made, animal matter, such
as horses' hoofs, horn, or other similar substances, which animal matter being
burnt with the cement, stones, or other materials improves the colour and quality
of the cement. In some cases in place of combining the animal matter with
the materials in the kiln, we distill the animal matter in a retort, and lead the
gases from the retort into the interior of the kiln. The animal charcoal left
in the retort is afterwards ground with the cement.
The methods of working are as follows:-
First, we mix with the coal, culm, or breeze used for burning the stone,
which we intend to make into cement, a quantity of animal matter, which
may be the hoofs, horns, flesh, &c., of any animal. The quantity depends
upon the quality of the stone to be burnt, and will require to be larger in
proportion to the amount of iron contained in the stone, it being one of our
objects to prevent the iron from becoming a red oxyde, and so causing the
cement when made up to be a foxey or reddish tinge. Having calcined the
stone and animal matter together in a kiln, we afterwards grind them to a fine
powder, and use it as cement in the ordinary way. It is desirable that the
stone and animal matter should not be too rapidly burnt.
Second, we burn the animal matter, which may consist as before, or of
shoddy or of wool refuse, in a close retort until it becomes thoroughly charred,
the stone having been calcined in an ordinary kiln we grind it to a fine
powder; the animal charcoal being ground with it in the proportion of one
part of charcoal to twenty parts of calcined stone; if a very dark colored
cement is required we increase the proportion of colouring matter.
Third, we conduct the gas given off by the animal matter whilst burning in
the retort into the kiln in which the stone is being calcined, so that the stone
should become impregnated with the gas; the action of the gas has the effect
of rendering many limestones fit for making cement, which otherwise would

page_text: not have been so. In this case, as in the two former, the stone is ground and
used in the ordinary. way.
In witness whereof, we, 'the said George William Bryant Kiallmark and
William Thomas Timewell, have hereunto set our hands and seals,
this Eighth day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-nine.