matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED FURNACE FOR ANNEALING IRON AND STEEL WIRE OR RODS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Howard Scott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd August
1865.
I, JOHN HOWARD SCOTT, of Nutsford Vale, West Gorton, near Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED FURNACE FOR ANNEALING IRON AND STEEL WIRE OR RODS,"
to be as follows:-
In a suitable casing of ordinary and fire bricks I place a number of fire
bars and two bed plates one at each end, on which bars and plates there
is a mass of fuel maintained continuously in an ignited state, and below
the fire bars there are one or more perforated pipes for the supply of air to
the fuel, which supply is obtained from a fan or any other blast; but in some.
cases sufficient heat is obtained without the fan or blast by the chimney only.
The sides and ends of the brickwork are encased in metal plates. held together
by tie-bolts in the usual manner, there being at one or both of the ends
or sides doors or cupolas for the admission of the fuel and at the ends
apertures for the entrance and egress of the wires or rods to be annealed.
Any number of wires or rods according to the size of the furnace are guided
and entered at one end into the body of the ignited fuel, through which they
are pulled or drawn at any speed according to the size of the metal and
heat of the furnace, the said wires or rods passing through the egress

page_text: aperture in a perfectly annealed state ready for being acted upon by the
ordinary drawing and galvanizing processes, or adapted for any other
purpose, it being understood that the heat or condition of the wires or rods
are varied according to the temper required.
I- PROVEMENTS IN SIZING MACHINES FOR SIZING YARNS, BEAMS, OR WARPS TO BE WOVEN
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Mercer, Thomas Mercer,
Jonathan Mercer, and Joseph Mercer at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 29th June 1865.
We, DAVID MERCER, THOMAS MERCER, JONATHAN MERCER, and JOSEPH
MERCER, of Great Harwood, near Accrington, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "I-
PROVEMENTS IN SIZING MACHINES FOR SIZING YARNS, BEAMS, OR WARPS TO BE
WOVEN," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in dispensing with one or both of the drying
cylinders hitherto used in sizing machines, and substituting in its or their
stead one or more additional blasts of air from one or more fans driven at a
quick speed from some of the revolving shafts of the machine, which arrange-
ment dries the yarns more expeditiously than heretofore, as the blasts drive off
the moisture and hasten the evaporation, and enable the drying to take place
quickly.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING POWER TO THE WORKING OF SHIPS' WINDLASSES, WINCHES, CAPSTANS, PUMPS, AND OTHER SHIPS' GEAR
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Handel Moore at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th January
1865.
I, HANDEL MOORE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPLYING POWER TO THE WORKING OF SHIPS' WINDLASSES, WINCHES, CAPSTANS,
PUMPS, AND OTHER SHIPS' GEAR," to be as follows (that is to say):-
This Invention for improvements in applying power to ships' windlasses,
winches, capstans, pumps, and other ships' gear, consists in the application of
power to ships' windlasses, winches, capstans, pumps, and other gear on board
ships or other navigable vessels by means of compressed air, and by turning
the exhaust into the stoke-hole or other convenient situation below deck for the
purpose of ventilation, the advantages claimed for this Invention being that
when steam is used for actuating the several cylinders, in consequence of the
length of service pipes required, they in a great measure act as condensers,
and there being great difficulty in retaining the joints in consequence of the
varying temperature of the atmosphere, and the great inconvenience addendant
thereon, as well as that attendant on the exhaust steam, whereas by this plan
the compressed air in the pipes, which can be carried below decks is little
affected by changes in the temperature of the atmosphere, and the exhaust air
being dry may be turned below for the purpose of ventilating the hold of the
vessel without injury to cargo or machinery.

page_text: To apply this Invention, a steam engine actuating an air pump, placed in
the bold or other convenient situation of the vessel, is used to compress the
air into a suitable receptacle, from which it is conveyed by means of pipes, (by
preference below deck,) by preference of copper, to stationary or oscillating
cylinders connected to the several apparatus, which cylinders are fitted with
suitable pistons, piston rods, and so forth, to impart the required rotary or
other motion to the several machines. The exhaust pipes in all cases, it is
preferred to carry below deck, so as to enable the compressed. air to be used
for ventilating purposes.
In some cases it is preferred to form the stationary framework of the
several machines hollow, and to use the same as retainers for the compressed
air. The connection pipes between the retainers of the compressed air and
the several cylinders are each provided with suitable valves for turning on or
cutting off the compressed air from the several cylinders as required.
AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF PAVE- MENT TO SUPERSEDE THE MACADAMIZED SYSTEM USED IN THE MAIN STREETS OF LARGE CITIES AND CAUSEWAYS, SUBJECT TO A GREAT CALCULATION OF VEHICLES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theophilus Berrens at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th November
1865.
I, THEOPHILUS BERRENS, of the Town of Tarbes, now No. 60, Boulevart de
Strasbourg, Paris, in the Empire of France, Railway Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF PAVE-
MENT TO SUPERSEDE THE MACADAMIZED SYSTEM USED IN THE MAIN STREETS OF LARGE
CITIES AND CAUSEWAYS, SUBJECT TO A GREAT CALCULATION OF VEHICLES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in making large factitious flagstones composed of
fragments of any of the hardest kinds of stone, such as quartz ore, basalt,
porphyry, or other stones of similar hardness, of a thickness varying from two
to three inches, and laying them in proper moulds of large size, say, three
feet long and two feet wide, more or less, such fragments being not quite
close to each other; then pouring into the said moulds some drying mortar or
cement, as prepared by the process known in France as "Coignet's Patent
Process." I then form the flagstones by covering the fragments of hard stone
and thoroughly beating them. The flagstones formed in this manner are left.
to dry for several weeks previous to being laid in the streets. The latter
operation I perform in the usual manner, the fragments of hard stones being
turned uppermost.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING VESSELS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Smith Watson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
December 1865.-A communication from abroad by George William
Smith, Government Engineer, residing at Port Elizabeth, Cape of Good
Hope.
I, JOHN SMITH WATSON, of Hamilton, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING VESSELS," (a communication to
me from abroad by George William Smith, Government Engineer, residing
at Port Elizabeth, Cape of Good Hope,) to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the propelling of vessels in the absence of wind,
but when there is more or less swell or wave motion, and it has for its object
to provide sailing vessels with simple, efficient, and convenient appliances
which can be easily put into or taken out of action, and which will enable
them to cross the belts of calm unavoidable in most voyages, and especially
met with in the tropics.
In practically carrying out the Invention there is provided a main spar,
which is carried transversely at the stern of the vessel, and is fitted so that it
can oscillate, having its middle jointed to a truck or block which is free to
move vertically in guides fixed to the stern. This main spar has auxiliary
spars fixed to each end, and the outer ends of these auxiliary spars are fixed
each to one of the ship's boats, these boats acting as floats, and keeping the
three spars forming one rigid oscillating beam parallel with the water surface.
On each auxiliary spar there are jointed two frames which project down

page_text: into the water, and have paddles jointed to them; such paddles being
arranged to propel when moving forward, but to feather when returning
backward. The paddle frames are actuated by means of horizontal or bell-
crank arms, the ends of which are connected by rods to the ends of spars fixed
to the ship. When the ship rolls the ends of these fixed spars alternately
approach to and recede from the parts of the auxiliary spars immediately
beneath them, and the connecting rods consequently cause the paddle frames
to vibrate, and so propel the ship. Two paddle frames, namely, one on each
side of the vessel, have their bell-crank arms directed backwards, so that as
one frame on each side is moving forward and propelling, the other two are
returning backward for fresh strokes. The boats are kept steady by ropes
carried forward to outriggers, the ends of which are kept at or near the
water surface by means of floats. When not in use the apparatus can be
easily detached in parts and stowed away on shipboard, and the main spar
may either be detached or it may simply be raised to its highest position, and
be then fixed at the ship's stern.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CUSHIONS FOR BILLIARD AND OTHER LIKE TABLES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Lyne Hancock at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
February 1865.
I, JAMES LYNE HANCOCK, of Goswell Road, in the County of Middlesex,
India-rubber Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CUSHIONS FOR BILLIARD AND OTHER LIKE TABLES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in manufacturing cushions of vulcanized india-rubber
by the introduction of a tube or tubular vessel or core formed of previously
vulcanized india-rubber into a mass of india-rubber, which is afterwards moulded
into the form required for the cushion and the whole vulcanized. In some
eases I introduce a strip of previously vulcanized india-rubber to form the face
or that part of the cushion with which the balls come in contact. Again, in
some cases, in lieu of a vulcanized india-rubber tube, I insert a thin steel tube
or tubular spring into the mass of india-rubber before being moulded and
vulcanized..
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF JEWELRY CASES AND OTHER SIMILAR CASES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John James Carter at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd March
1865.
I, JOHN JAMES CARTER, of No. 32, Wellington Road, Holloway, in the
County of Middlesex, Jewel Case Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF JEWELRY CASES AND
OTHER SIMILAR CASES," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in manufacturing cases for jewelry, and for other
purposes for which such cases are required, by means of moulding them by
pressure in iron or other moulds. In order to carry out such manufacture I
take either bag, cap, or milled board, or other suitable material, and having
reduced it to a state of pulp by soaking it. in gum water, or water containing
glue, size, or any substance which will cause pulp to adhere or cohere together,
I take moulds of the form required for the case or cases to be manufactured,
and having filled the same with the pulp, I subject the moulds to pressure in
a screw, hydraulic, or other press. After the removal of the moulds from the
press, I dry them, either by heat or by a current of air directed upon them.
The iron or other moulds have holes drilled in them at suitable distances
apart for the purpose of facilitating the drying operation.
AN IMPROVED METALLIC PREPARATION OR COMPOSITION FOR CLEANING, SHARPENING, BURNISHING, AND GRINDING ARTICLES OF CUTLERY, EDGE TOOLS, OR CUTTING INSTRUMENTS, AND FOR GRINDING THE CARDS OR ROLLERS OF CARDING ENGINES, AND THE SURFACES OF CYLINDERS, AND COVERING ROLLERS FOR VARIOUS KINDS OF WOOLLEN AND COTTON MACHINERY
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Mountford at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th April
1865.
1, GEORGE MOUNTFORD, of Grasscroft, in the County of York. Manager, .
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METALLIC PREPARATION OR COMPOSITION FOR CLEANING, SHARPENING, BURNISHING,
AND GRINDING ARTICLES OF CUTLERY, EDGE TOOLS, OR CUTTING INSTRUMENTS, AND
FOR GRINDING THE CARDS OR ROLLERS OF CARDING ENGINES, AND THE SURFACES OF
CYLINDERS, AND COVERING ROLLERS FOR VARIOUS KINDS OF WOOLLEN AND COTTON
MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
The improved preparation or composition which forms the subject of the
present Invention consists of a mixture of, metals or substances which can be
used in place of steel tools or stones for grinding, sharpening, or polishing
cutting tools or instruments, or for all the purposes above mentioned.
The metals or substances I propose to use for the purposes of my Invention
are principally zinc, spelter, blende, lead, and copper, with the addition of
charcoal; these materials may be mixed in various proportions, and a satis-
factory result may be obtained ever when one or two of the ingredients are
omitted. As an example, then, of the mixture, I would use (but without
confining myself thereto), I may say that the following ingredients and pro-
portions will give useful results, namely, ths by weight of lead, ths of
zinc, ths of copper, and 'th of spelter. To these ingredients, when mixed,
may be added, if required, a small quantity of flour of emery and oil. When

page_text: the metallic substances are well mixed the metal may, if desired, be rolled
into plates or converted into other forms which will admit of it being applied
to the various purposes above named.
I sometimes use the zinc and spelter separate, and 1 also employ galvanized
iron which contains these substances. When the surfaces of the drawing or
other rollers used in woollen and other preparing and spinning machinery are
made with the above metal" it will be found that yarns or fibres will leave
the rollers quickly and clearly, and the rollers will be much more durable
than those now in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF TREATING THE ROOTS OF THE LUCERNE PLANT FOR THE PURPOSE OF MANUFACTURING PAPER, PASTE- BOARD, FABRICS, AND ROPES THEREFROM
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd October
1865. A communication from abroad by John Peter Caminade,
Merchant and Manufacturer, of 106, Rue d'Illiers, Orleans, Loiret, in
the Empire of France.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF TREATING THE
ROOTS OF THE LUCERNE PLANT FOR THE PURPOSE OF MANUFACTURING PAPER, PASTE-
BOARD, FABRICS, AND ROPES THEREFROM," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in extracting the fibres from the roots of lucerne -
for the purpose of manufacturing paper, pasteboard, fabrics, and ropes there-
from. For this purpose, when the lucerne fields are dug up, the roots are
collected and then submitted to the pressure of revolving stone rollers, in order
to crush them, so as to facilitate the retting process to which they are after-
wards submitted. Such retting process may be effected in two different ways.
Either the roots when crushed are soaked in retting pools, where they are
allowed to remain until the process of maceration is accomplished, whereby
all extraneous matters are removed from the fibres, or the crushed roots
are placed in boiling water, by preference heated by steam, whereby also the

page_text: fibres are disintegrated and converted into filaments similar to those of hemp
or flax.
For preparing paper or pasteboard from such fibre it is reduced to a pulp,
and is treated with chlorines or hypochlorides in the ordinary manner, after
which it is manufactured into paper or pasteboard in the same way as is the
case with pulp from rags.
As the fibres obtained by the above-described process are of considerable
length, they may with advantage be spun into threads, and then manufactured
into textile fabrics or ropes.
THE MANUFACTURE OF A NEW RESINOUS GUM OR BALSAM
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Tomlinson Bousfield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
April 1865. A communication from abroad by Benjamin Hawkins
Dods, residing at Melbourne, in the Colony of Victoria, Engineer.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "THE
MANUFACTURE OF A NEW RESINOUS GUM OR BALSAM," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the use and adaptation of a new material for the
production of a peculiar kind of gum or balsam. The material used is the
common grass tree of the Australian colonies, and the article produced from
it it is proposed to call "Balsam Ambrosine."
The mode of operation is as follows:-Having obtained a sufficient quantity
of the common grass tree, all the overhanging leaves are first destroyed, and
having bisected the trees longitudinally, all that part of the plant is taken
which forms the outer covering or excrement (and which is easily distinguishable
from the soft sap forming the nutritious element in the plant), and having
well bruised it it is placed in a suitable vessel, say with copper bottom and
wooden sides, into which sufficient water is placed to well cover the material,
about 5 per cent. by weight of the bruised material of soda crystals (or its
equivalent in other alkaline matter) is then added, and the mixture is boiled
for about four hours. The solution is then drawn off and filtered whilst hot

page_text: through animal charcoal, after which the filtered solution is placed in another
vessel and concentrated by evaporation at a temperature of about 150 to 180
degrees Fahrenheit, until all the water is driven off, when the mixture will
assume an oily waxy appearance, and having been allowed to cool is the article
which it is proposed to call "Balsam Ambrosine," baving a fine aromatic,
smell as well as having other properties peculiar to itself. Other means
might be used for the purpose of extracting the "Balsam Ambrosine
although it is believed that the process herein described is the best.
What I claim as my Invention is,
1st, the use of the common grass tree of the Australian colonies for the
purpose of extracting the balsamic matter or resinous gum contained therein,
and called "Balsam Ambrosine."
2ndly, the process, substantiaily as herein described, for the purpose of
extracting it.
And, 3rdly, the "Balsam Ambrosine" being a new product in itself, the use
of it is claimed by whatever means it may be extracted.
IMPROVEMENTS. IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES AND OTHER ILLUMINATING BODIES FROM PEAT AND PETROLEUM
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Vincent Lee at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th October-
1865.
I, THOMAS VINCENT LEE, of Macclesfield, in the County of Chester; do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS. IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES AND OTHER ILLUMINATING BODIES FROM PEAT AND
PETROLEUM," to be as follows:-
I employ peat or turf properly dried by the application of hydrocaloric or
superheated steam produced by a process similar to that described in. the:
Specification of a Patent granted to me bearing date the 21st day of
December 1853, No. 2969, for "Improvements in the Manufacture and
Drying of Bricks, Tiles, Drain Pipes, Porcelain, and all other Articles pro-
duced from Plastic Substances," and also in another Specification of a Patent
granted to me, bearing date the 29th day of May 1855, No. 1229, for:
"Generating Steam in Marine and other Boilers." After drying the peat or.
turf I grind it into a fine powder as nearly impalpable as possible, and then.
mix it with petroleum in proportions, say one ounce of petroleum to.one.
pound of ground peat or turf (but I do not confine myself: to any such. pro-
portions), adding such scent or perfume (say gum benzoin and camphor, or
any other aromatic materials, alone or combined). as it is desired the candle
or illuminating body should diffuse in the chamber, room, or place where

page_text: burnt. The material or substance is then subjected to pressure in a mould
of the size and form it is intended the illuminating body should assume, and
in the case of a candle, instead of as ordinary, having a wick, I leave the centre
hollow for the purpose of supplying the material with sufficient air for perfect
combustion. This hollow can be made in any form, plain, spiral, or other-
wise, but when it is intended the illuminating body should have a slow rotatory
motion, I use the spiral form, and in such case the candlestick or socket for
burning the same should be provided with a spur wheel and pinion or their
equivalents.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR SMELTING OR REDUCING ORES AND FOR MELTING METALS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Walduck and Edward
Barton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 14th February 1865.
We, HERBERT JOHN WALDUCK and EDWARD BARTON, both of the City of.
Manchester, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR SMELTING OR REDUCING ORES AND FOR MELTING
METALS," to be as follows:-
The nature of our Invention consists in providing for the free admission of
air at the top of the furnace along with the materials to be smelted or melted
and the fuel, and for working the furnace with a downcast draft, thus dis-
pensing with the necessity for tuyeres. The draft being conducted from the top
to near the bottom of the furnace, and thence by means of suitable apertures
into either a distinct upcast shaft or shafts, or into a central upcast shaft within
the furnace, in which a partial vacuum is formed by a blast of steam or
otherwise.
The advantages derived. from this arrangement consist in its simplicity as
compared with the ordinary system of forcing air through tuyeres placed near
the bottom of the furnace, and of its application to the system of producing a
blast by causing a partial vacuum by the use of a jet of steam or other means.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS APPLIED FOR ARRESTING AND STOPPING THE MOTION OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES, TRAINS, CARRIAGES, AND OTHER ROLLING STOCK OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Patrick Denis Finnigan at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th June 1865.
I, PATRICK DENIS FINNIGAN, of Camberwell Road, in the County of Surrey,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS APPLIED FOR ARRESTING AND STOPPING THE MOTION OF
LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES, TRAINS, CARRIAGES, AND OTHER ROLLING STOCK OF RAILWAYS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the application of tar, soft soap, oil, tallow, or any
other unctious, oleaginous, greasy, or fatty matter, or all or any of the above-
named materials either alone or in combination to the wheels of locomotives,
trains, or other rolling stock, and to the rails of railways, the object being to
allow the wheels to rotate while imparting but little motion to the train or
carriage. By so doing the wheels of an engine and train of carriages will
rotate along the line, but will soon come to a stand still, although the wheels
may be revolving rapidly in the onward direction. In combination with this
application of the greasy or oleaginous matter I further apply sand to the rails
and wheels of the brake carriage in the rear of the train when the brakes are
applied, this gives a powerful hold of the brakes to the wheels and of the wheels
to the rails, thereby conducing to the rapid stopping of the train. This appli-
cation of the sand has also the further advantage of cleaning the rails and
removing the oil or fatty matters applied at the forward part of the train as
before described. Considerable saving in the tear and wear of wheels and

page_text: rails will result, besides the advantages of stopping a train more rapidly than
by ordinary means. In applying oil or other lubricating matter I maintain
a head or reservoir thereof in small tanks suitably disposed and conduct it
thence by suitable tubes to the point of application, I regulate the supply
stop-cocks by hand. The sand is also applied through spouts or channels from
a reservoir, the supply being regulated by sluices, but I make no claim to the
application of sand except in combination with or at a subsequent period to
the other matters herein-before mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Rowbottom at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th January
1865.
1, WILLIAM ROWBOTTOM, of Romiley, in the County of Chester, Over-
looker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MULES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to wind the yarn firmly on the spindle at
the nose of the cop, and to dispense with the stud at the end of the radial
arm commonly called the "nosing peg," which in mules of the ordinary con-
struction acts upon the winding-on chain when the carriage in going up is
within a few inches of the drawing rollers. Now my Invention consists in
giving the requisite additional motion to the winding-on barrel by a self-
acting apparatus independent of the radial arm, winding bar, or winding-on
chain.
In performing my Invention I make use of a band, chain, or strap, one
end of which is secured to the winding-on barrel or to a pulley fixed on the
axle of the winding-on barrel, or otherwise in connection with it, and the
other end of the band, chain, or strap is secured to an adjustable stud fixed at
the front of the headstock, or to a pulley mounted on an adjustable stud,
which pulley is provided with a weighted chain for coiling up the loose band,
chain, or strap during the going out of the carriage. By this arrangement
when the carriage is near the drawing rollers the band, chain, or strap is

page_text: tightened, and gives the requisite additional motion to the winding-on barrel
for winding the yarn tight on the nose of the cop.
I wish to observe that the particular arrangements of machinery above
described may be considerably modified, and that a system of levers, or a
rack and pinion, or other mechanism may be applied for acting on the
winding-on barrel at the proper time for effecting the same object, my
Invention consisting, as above stated, in an independent self-acting apparatus
for winding the yarn tightly on the nose of the cop in whatever manner the
same may be accomplished.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mark Knowles at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th July
1865.
I, MARK KNOWLES, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Machine
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates especially to looms in which the shuttle is worked
by pneumatic power, and consists, firstly, instead of the ordinary shaft, tappets,
and treddles for raising or depressing the healds in weaving I place a tappet
on the crank shaft of such construction as to lift only once for every two.
revolutions of the same. This tappet I connect to a treddle, from which
I move a heald roller placed under the healds, instead of the usual lambs
and jacks, to which I gear the healds beneath as they are usually geared
above.
Secondly, in connection with the above, and on the crank shaft, I work a
radial arm or hammer, which for every revolution of the crank shaft strikes a
lever connected with the discharge rod of the compressed air chamber on the
right and left side alternately, so as to cause the lever to discharge first from
the right and next from the left hand compressed air chamber in the slay,
so as to regulate the alternate throw of the shuttle.
A NEW MODE OF PLACING CHINA, STONE, AND EARTHENWARE IN SAGGARS, OVENS, AND KILNS OR OTHER RECEPTACLES FOR FIRING THE SAME
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Meakin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st February
1865.
I, JAMES MEAKIN, of Hanley, in the County of Stafford, Earthenware
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
NEW MODE OF PLACING CHINA, STONE, AND EARTHENWARE IN SAGGARS, OVENS,
AND KILNS OR OTHER RECEPTACLES FOR FIRING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
I construct and use a saddle pin, or rib of clay, or other material with
projecting lateral teeth made of various sizes. I place the articles of china,
stone, and earthenware which are about to be fired between the teeth of the
saddle pin or rib, which is placed upright in the saggars, ovens, or kilns; by
this means marks or indentations upon the face and edge of such articles of
china, stone, or earthenware are avoided, and the inconveniences of the modes
now in use are got rid of. A great saving of labour and expense is effected,
and a much larger quantity of ware can be placed in such saggars, ovens, and
kilns than the present modes allow of. The form of such saddle pin or rib is
given in the sketch hereunto annexed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COTTON GINS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Evan Leigh at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th March 1865.
I, EVAN LEIGH, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COTTON GINS," to be as follows: -
This Invention consists, in the first place, of the application to cotton gins
on the "Macarthy" principle, of a sliding plate having a deep serrated edge
on one side when used for single gins, and both edges serrated when employed
for double gins, or a grid may be used. This plate I prefer to make of a
curved form to give rigidity with lightness. I cause this plate to work
rapidly to and fro in a line parallel with the ginning roller by suitable
mechanism, and set the serrated edge up to the doctor, by the action of
which the cotton fibres are stripped from the seeds, and the usual beater
dispensed with.
Secondly, I employ a glass ginning roller constructed as follows:-I cast
in a suitable mould a number of short glass cylinders of about five inches
diameter with holes through them of about three inches diameter. These
cylinders, which are about two or three inches wide, are fixed upon a shaft
with plaster of Paris or other suitable cement, and are also connected
together so as to form a roller of any desired length. They bave spiral
grooves or other indents, or both combined, cast upon the outer edge, so as
to nip the cotton and carry it under the doctor, acting in lieu of the ordinary
leather covered roller.

page_text: Thirdly, in gins having beaters I dispense with the ordinary crank arms
or connecting rods by using a shaft slightly cranked the whole width of the
gin. This shaft works in a cast-iron box or trough made in the U-form, the
sides having a little elasticity. This box is firmly attached to the beater
arms, which it operates by the eccentric shaft, and the little elasticity in the
box permits of its being screwed up to fit the shaft with nicety, the bottom
part of the box containing a little oil to keep the crank shaft in lubrication
by means of a sponge or otherwise. Instead of the usual beater arms, levers
may be used either single or compound, and the crank box may be moved up
or down to lengthen or shorten the stroke of the beater to suit the different
staples of cotton.
A NEW COLORING MATTER FOR PRODUCING SCARLET COLORS UPON WOVEN FABRICS AND YARNS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Paraf and Richard Samuel
Dale at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 4th December 1865.
We, ALFRED PARAF and RICHARD SAMUEL DALE, of the City of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW COLORING MATTER FOR PRODUCING SCARLET COLORS UPON WOVEN
FABRICS AND YARNS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the production of a new coloring matter possess
ing acid properties and capable of forming crimson salts with alkalies, and
which salts may be used for the production of a scarlet color on wool, silk,
cotton, or other material, and we produce this new coloring matter by acting
upon rosaniline or its acid salts by treating the same with nitrous acid or
its salts, using by preference the nitrite of soda. And we observe that if we
act upon an acid salt of rosaniline with nitrous gas a very small quantity of gas
gives our new coloring matter; an excess of gas producing a greenish blue
and a dirty yellow. If we act with nitrous gas upon rosaniline itself a greater
amount can be used without spoiling the color. The modus operandi is as
follows:-We dissolve one pound weight of aniline red or magenta in six
gallons of water, and add to this sixteen. fluid ounces of sulphuric acid, and

page_text: boil. We now add gradually three quarts of a solution of nitrite of soda at 6°
Twaddell, and when all effervesence is finished we allow the solution 'to stand
and cool; on cooling crystals of the new coloring matter are deposited; 'they
are soluble in alcohol and alkalies, and partially in water.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR CLEANING OR DRESSING CURRANTS AND FRUITS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Rickett at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th November
1865.
I, ARTHUR RICKETT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR CLEANING OR DRESSING CURRANTS AND
FRUITS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is by the means herein-after set forth to
cleanse currants and such-like fruits from dirt and other foreign substances.
My machine or apparatus is placed in a horizontal and not in a vertical
position, and unlike other machines now employed for a similar purpose,
the brushes which are employed to cleanse the fruit are arranged in
connection with certain arms which diverge from the centre or main shaft
of the machine, the said brushes not being attached directly to the
revolving shaft itself. A horizontal shaft revolving in suitable bearings
being provided, I affix near each end of the said shaft four or more arms,
each arm at the one end of the shaft being placed immediately opposite
another arm at the other end of the shaft. Between each pair of arms so
situated and near their outer extremities I affix a circular brush carried
upon a spindle passing through each arm. Upon one end of the spindle I
fix a toothed pinion, which gears into a wheel of suitable diameter fixed
upon the frame concentric with the shaft which carries the arms. By these
means when the shaft with its arms, brushes, spindles, and pinions is

page_text: caused to revolve a separate revolution of each spindle and brush is
obtained, contemporary with and in addition to their primary revolution
around the main shaft. The whole arrangement is surrounded by and
contained in a wire gauze casing with closed ends, into which the fruit
intended to be cleansed is placed, suitable doors or other contrivances for
its introduction being provided. The external wire gauze cylinder may
either be attached to the arms and cylinder ends, and revolve with them,
or it may be attached to an independent stationary frame fixed upon the
main framing of the machine. The currants or other like fruit which are
to be cleansed being placed within the apparatus, motion is given thereto
by manual or other power; the fruit is then quickly cleansed by being
rubbed against the sides of the machine, dirt and other foreign substances.
being forced through the meshes of the wire casing.
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BONNETS AND HATS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jeffery Eustace at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th May 1865.
I, JEFFERY EUSTACE, of Luton, Bedfordshire, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF BONNETS AND HATS," to be as follows (that is to say):-
My Invention has reference to a composition for coating or enamelling the
surfaces of bonnets and hats, to be employed in lieu of dyes, whereby a more
simple and varied system of colouring is obtained than at present, and consists
in mixing with the ordinary gelatine solution or size, for stiffening or glazing
bonnets or otherwise, powdered bismuth or preparations thereof, together with
the metallic substance known as silver bronze, in about the proportions of 1 oz.
of bismuth, 1 oz. of bronze, to 2 quarts of gelatin, forming therewith a
composition of the consistency of thin cream with which the straw or other
material of the bonnets or hats is washed or covered through the medium of
a brush or sponge, thereby obtaining when dryed and blocked in the usual
manner a silvery like effect or metallic appearance upon the surface of the
same of any required shade, the said compositions also admitting of gold or
other bronzes or colouring matters being applied in like manner as above.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles de Bergue, of 10, Strand, in the City of
Westminster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE
ENGINES." A communication from abroad by Auguste de Bergue, of
Madrid, in the Kingdom of Spain.
Sealed the 23rd June 1865, and dated the 6th January 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles de Bergue at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
January 1865.
I, CHARLES DE BERGUE, of 10, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in constructing locomotive engines with or applying
thereto an air chamber or chambers and valves and valve gearing, whereby,
when the steam is shut off and the valve gearing reversed, the cylinders may
be converted into force pumps for condensing or pumping air into the said air
chamber or chambers, whereby the gradual increase of pressure thus produced
may oppose a gradually increasing and elastic pressure or resistance to the
pistons, and consequently to the accumulated onward motion of the locomotive
or train. The air so compressed may press on pistons in small cylinders

page_text: working timber or metal friction blocks or breaks placed against the non-
driving wheels of the engine, or against the wheels of the tender, or the rails
for assisting the retardation. For this purpose the Invention includes valves
for the purpose of closing temporarily the present exit of the blast pipe and
admitting air into it to supply the cylinder otherwise than through the funnel,
thus avoiding the inconvenience of dust or grit in the valves, the inlet of air
being by pipes or passages from the outside. The capacity of the air chamber
or chambers should be about three or four times the capacity of the cylinders,
or of twice the capacity, or less, if it be desired to stop very quickly. Safety
valves are to be applied to the air chambers to limit the pressure, and these
may be closed when steam is admitted into them from the boiler.
A NEW OR IMPROVED DETERGENT SOLUTION TO BE USED IN THE WASHING OR. CLEANSING OF WOOL AND WOOLLEN FABRICS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th July
1865. A communication from abroad by Charles Dyonise Reinfeld, of
Paris, in the Empire of France, Chevalier of the Order of Saints Maurice
and Lazare.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW OR IMPROVED DETERGENT SOLUTION TO BE USED IN THE WASHING OR.
CLEANSING OF WOOL AND WOOLLEN FABRICS," a communication to me from abroad.
by Charles Dyonise Reinfeld, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Chevalier of
the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazare, to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object a more perfect and economical washing:
or cleansing of wool whether in the form of fleece or manufactured into
fabrics, and eonsists in the employment for that purpose of the peculiar
detergent substance herein-after described. This detergent substance is
obtained by making a solution of carbonate of soda, and according to the
quality of the wool evaporating this solution. to a density of from 80 to 90-
degrees of the alkalimeter. To this solution is added. soap powder in the:-

page_text: proportion of from two-fifths to three-fifths of the weight of the solution.
The result is a substance resembling vegetable soap. By the use of this
detergent the washing or cleansing of the wool may be accomplished with
cold in lieu of hot water whatever may be the temperature of the atmosphere
at the time.
AN IMPROVED HAT VENTILATOR
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Stanley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th April
1865.
I, ROBERT STANLEY, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Hat Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED HAT VENTILATOR," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a metallic cylindrical framework open at one end,
having an exterior flange partially or wholly surrounding the said open end,
the other end of the said framework being closed, and provided with two or
more openings, which may be opened or closed at pleasure by means of a
revolving disc or valve provided with corresponding openings, and which
disc or valve works on a central pin fixed in the centre of the closed end of
the said framework. The framework may be stamped out of sheet metal,
and be furnished with three or more arms or lugs projecting from the flange,.
which arms or lugs serve the purpose of a fastener by being bent down in the
interior of the hat (whilst the flange is on the outside of the hat), and if
preferred a washer made of pearl or of any other suitable substance may be
inserted between the interior of the hat and the said arms or lugs..
IMPROVEMENTS IN FUSES FOR SHELLS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Noble at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st August
1865.
I, ANDREW NOBLE, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Engineer, late Captain in the
Royal Artillery, do hereby declaro the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FUSES FOR SHELLS," to be as follows.-
This Invention has for its object improvements on the time fuse known as
Armstrong's time fuse. In this fuse, as at present constructed, there is a
chamber in which is a small weight or striker which is held stationary until
such time as the shell carrying the fuse is fired from the gun by a small metal
pin, but when the fuse is fired the shock is sufficient to cause the weight or
striker to break away from its fastenings and to throw it against a detonating
priming, which explodes, and the flash passes by a passage to a train of fuse
composition laid in a circular groove around the fuse; but this cicle of fuse
composition, however, is not complete. The train of fuse composition is
covered by a disc in which there is a passage communicating with a small
chamber in the body of the fuse which contains a quantity of priming powder
and is called the magazine The explosion of this magazine ignites the
bursting charge of the shell. The disc above mentioned, in which the passage
communicating with the magazine is formed, is capable of being turned round,
and by so doing this passage may be brought over a part of the train at a
greater or less distance from the flash passage according as a longer or shorter
interval is required between the firing of the gun and the explosion of the

page_text: sholl Such being the Armstrong fuse, according to my Invention I add
thereto a second small weight or striker. It is contained in the same chamber
called the magazine, and is similarly held stationary until the gun is fired,
when it breaks free from its fastenings; it produces no effect until the speed
of the shell is reduced in consequence of its collision with some object or the
ground; but when this takes place it is carried on by its momentum and
strikes a fulminating priming, which then explodes and fires a charge of
priming powder contained in this striker, and from this the main or bursting
charge is at once ignited. The charge of priming powder contained in this
additional striker also acts as a magazine to the time fuse arrangement, and
the necessity of charging the magazine chamber with powder is thereby
avoided By constructing the fuse in this manner it will be seen that if the
time arrangement should fail to act, or should be improperly set for too long
an interval, the additional striker will ensure explosion of the shell as soon as
the shell comes in contact with an object or grazes upon the ground.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF MAGNESIUM FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Solomon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th June
1865. A communication from abroad by François Pierre Le Roux,.
of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, JOSEPH SOLOMON, of Red Lion Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Optician, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF MAGNESIUM FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to economize the consumption of magnesium
ribbon or flat wire in lamps by burning it with zinc, tin, or other combustible-
metal. The difficulty hitherto experienced in burning these metals together is.
owing to the irregularity in the feeding up of two loose bands of ribbon. To
avoid this it is now proposed to secure the bands of magnesium and zinc, tin, or
other combustible metal or metallic alloy together either by an interlacing wire
or strand or thread of textile material, and thus to make virtually one band,-
composed partly of magnesium and partly of a far cheaper combustible metal.
This cheaper metal may be applied to one or both sides of the magnesium
band, and instead of using an interlacing thread, eyelets, rivets, or other
fastenings may be employed. The like effect (the uniting of magnesium and
zine or other metal) may also be produced by electro-deposition, or by
soldering, or by other analogous process which will not detract from the

page_text: combustibility of the metals so united, whereby a compound metallic ribbon
will be produced that may be fed up to the burner with the same precision
and regularity as a single ribbon.