IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR THE TREATMENT OF THE WASTE FROM CAUSTIC LYES USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND IN OTHER PROCESSES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas William Spalding, of Kinleith Mills, Currie, near
the City of Edinburgh, Manufacturer, and William Laughton, of the said
Currie, Practical and Analytical Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR THE TREATMENT OF THE WASTE FROM CAUSTIC
LYES USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND IN OTHER PROCESSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas William Spalding
and William Laughton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
18th April 1876.
THOMAS WILLIAM SPALDING, of Kinleith Mills, Currie, near the City of Edin-
burgh, Manufacturer, and WILLIAM LAUGHTON, of the said Curric, Practical and
Analytical Chemist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR THE TREAT-
MENT OF THE WASTE FROM CAUSTIC LYES USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
AND IN OTHER PROCESSES."
The object of our improvements in the treatment of the waste from caustic lyes
used in certain manufacturing processes is to recover the soda ash (carbonate of
soda) with increased facility and economy.
In carrying our improvements into effect we employ an evaporating and
incinerating hearth, an upper evaporating pau, and an under or concentrating pan
all heated by the same fire.
The evaporating and incinerating hearth occupies say about one-third of the
entire length of the apparatus, and each of the evaporating pans alike about two-
thirds of such entire length.
The fire-place or furnace is formed by us as follows:-Say three feet six inches of
the length and the given breath of the apparatus constitutes the whole area of the
said fire-place, which is divided into two ash-pits by a longitudinal centre under
wall upon which rest the cross bars for supporting the fire-bars and dumb plates.
The fire-bars lie longitudinally, and are elevated so that the surface is about one
and a half inches below the liquid level within the evaporating and incinerating
hearth. It is fired through doorways on the end and sides of the apparatus, and
it is provided with a fire-bridge constructed with a vertical slope of say three feet
into the interior of the incinerating hearth composed of courses of fire-brick
blocks, each course extending in depth from the bed of the hearth to the vertical
[Price 60.1

page_text: level of the fire-bridge finishing off at the fire with about a nine-inch level surface,
said surface being about one inch above the liquid level within the hearth so as to
give greater durability and free access of the flame and heat from the fire into the
apparatus.
The respective pans are formed with slightly inclined bottoms, the lowest end
being that towards the delivery, and they are divided longitudinally by divisions or
vertical plates protected by fire-brick blocks moulded to fit the vertical gaps, like-
wise forming a protecting ridge of solid fire-brick.
The pans are supported the upper upon two side walls and part of end wall,
the centre being supported from the interior of the pan by tee iron cross beams,
thus doing away with all under centre supports giving the flame and heat free
access over the surface of the under concentrating pan, which is supported and
built into the sides and part of end wall, the centre being supported by an under
longitudinal nine-inch wall so as to form flues for the greater utilization of the
heat.
The waste lye to be treated is conducted into the upper evaporating pan, and
after being subjected to evaporation therein it is conducted into the lower evapo-
rating pan in which further evaporation takes place. The lye is introduced into
this pan at the end farthest from the direct fire heat, and it is progressively carried
forward to that nearest such heat, and thence it is conducted on to the evapo-
rating and incinerating hearth from which it is in due course drawn in a red hot
calcined condition.
By these means economy of fuel for heating purposes is obtained with great
extent of evaporating surface and simplicity of arrangement and working.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Thomas William Spalding and William Laughton in the Great Scal
Patent Office on the 17th October 1876.
THOMAS WILLIAM SPALDING, of Kinleith Mills, Currie, near the City of Edin-
burgh, Manufacturer, and WILLIAM LAUGHTON, of the said Currie, Practical and
Analytical Chemist. IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR THE TREAT-
MENT OF THE WASTE FROM CAUSTIC LYES USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
AND IN OTHER PROCESSES."
The object of our improvements in the treatment of the waste from caustic lyes
used in certain manufacturing processes is to recover the soda ash (carbonate
of soda) with increased facility and economy and the absence of objectionable
smells.
In carrying our improvements into effect we employ an evaporating and incine-
rating hearth, an upper evaporating pan and an under or concentrating pan all
heated by the same fire.
0
The evaporating pans and incinerating hearth occupy say about one-third of the
entire length of the apparatus, and each of the evaporating pans alike about two-
thirds of such entire length.
The fire-place or furnace is formed by us as follows, say, three feet six inches of
the length, and the given breadth of the apparatus constitutes the whole area of
the said fire-place, which is divided into two ash-pits by a longitudinal centre
under wall, upon which rest the cross bars for supporting the fire-bars and dumb
plates. The fire-bars lie longitudinally and are elevated so that the surface is
about one and a half inches below the liquid level within the evaporating and
incinerating hearth. It is fired through doorways on the end and sides of the
apparatus. And it is provided with a fire-bridge constructed with a vertical slope
of say, three feet, into the interior of the incinerating hearth composed of courses
of fire-brick blocks, each course extending in depth from the bed of the hearth to
the vertical level of the fire-bridge finishing off at the fire with about a nine-inch

page_text: level surface, said surface being about one inch above the liquid level within the
hearth, so as to give greater durability and free access of the flame and heat from
the fire into the apparatus.
The respective pans are formed with slightly inclined bottoms, the lowest end
being that towards the delivery, and they are divided longitudinally by divisions
or vertical plates protected by fire-brick blocks moulded to fit the vertical gaps
likewise forming a protecting ridge of solid fire-brick.
The pans are supported the upper upon two side walls and part of end wall, the
centre being supported from the interior of the pan by tee iron cross beams, thus
doing away with all under centre supports giving the flame and heat free access over
the surface of the under concentrating pan, which is supported by and built into
the sides and part of end wall, the centre being supported by an under longitudinal
nine-inch wall so as to form flues for the greater utilization of the heat.
The waste lye to be treated is conducted into the upper evaporating pan, and
after being subject to evaporation therein, it is conducted into the lower evaporating
pan in which further evaporation takes place. The lye is introduced into this
pan at the end farthest from the direct fire heat, and it is progressively carried
forward to that nearest such heat, and thence it is conducted on to the evaporating
and incinerating hearth from which it is in due course drawn in a red hot calcined
condition.
In order that the Invention may be more fully understood we will by the aid
of the accompanying Drawings proceed to describe means pursued by us in carrying
the same into effect.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 and Figure 1* represent a horizontal section; Figure 2 and Figure 2ª
a longitudinal section; Figure 3 and Figure 3 an under sectional plan; and
Figures 4, 5, and 6 are two transverse sections and an end view of apparatus
arranged according to our Invention. In each of the views the same letters are
employed to indicate corresponding parts.
a represents a storage tank for the storage of the liquor to be treated, and
which liquor is supplied through a suitable channel as required to the upper evapo-
rating pan c, the supply thereto by such channel being regulated by a suitable tap
or valve.
This upper evaporating pan c is formed with a flat bottom c', which is
provided with an internal longitudinal tee iron c, which by connections with cross
beams c³ serve to give strength and solidity in the support of the bottom c¹. This
upper evaporating pan is heated by the action of the heat of the flues on the under
side of the bottom plate c¹, as will presently be the better understood; d is the
under evaporating or concentrating pan, which in the direction of its length is
divided into three, or it may be other number of compartments (1), (2), (3), by the
inclined plates d', d³, and these inclined plates are supported in position by stud
bolts, and resting on the fire-bricks &², d². The liquor to be treated is supplied to
this under evaporating or concentrating pan d at its highest end from the upper
panc by a suitable channel, and this supply is capable of regulation by a tap or
valve is the incinerating hearth; g is the fire area, the fuel for which is sup-
ported upon the fire-bars g¹; g², g, 9, are fire-doors, and h, h, are the ash-pits from
the fire-places g. The flame and heated products of combustion from the fire g pass
first over the liquid on the incinerating hearth f, thence between the surface of the
liquid in the evaporating or concentrating pans & and the under side of the upper
evaporating pan c, thence they pass along a channel under one side of the series
of compartments of the pan and back by the channel j under the other side of
that series of pans d to the stack, so that the heat from one fire chamber serves for
the respective processes of concentration. Access is obtained to the incinerating
hearth by means of the doors or passages f¹, f¹, and air is allowed to enter by the
rows of passages k, k, across the hearth; access is also obtained to the respective
compartiments of the pan & by means of the doors L, 1, L. The floors of the respective
compartments of the pan d are each slightly inclined towards the delivery end

page_text: therefrom. The incinerated material from the hearth fis then manipulated in the
usual manner with iron rakes.
By these means economy of fuel for heating purposes is obtained with great
extent of evaporating surface and simplicity of arrangement and working..
Having thus described our Invention, and means which, we adopt in carrying the
same into effect, we would have it understood that what we claim is, the arranging
and combining parts forming apparatus for the treatment of caustic lyes used in
the manufacture of paper, and in other processes whereby the successive processes
of evaporation and incineration are effected progressively by the heat from the fire-
place, in manner substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas William Spalding, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
Witness,
WILLIAM BROOKES.
THOMAS W. SPALDING. (L.S.)