provements in Apparatus for Cooling, Heating, Drying, or similar Purposes.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 5th June, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 5th Mar., 1894-Accepted, 5th May, 1894
PROVIDIONAL DIVIFICATION
Improvements in Apparatus for Cooling, Heating, Drying, or
similar Purposes.
I, JOSEF FISCHER, of 1 Maximilian Strasse V, Vienna, in the Empire of
Austro-Hungary, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for cooling or heating
steam, vapours, gases, or liquids and other purposes and these improvements
refer to
1. The arrangement of the cooling or heating bodies.
2. The combination of these cooling and heating bodies in such a manner that.
by pressing them one against the other the apparatus is formed.
3. The arrangement of them in a vessel or casing in such a manner that an air-
blast or current is generated in the casing in an upward direction, that is to say,
in an opposite direction to the downwardly flowing cooling water, which is thus
cooled if instead of air-cooling alone, water and air-cooling are to be employed
together.
4. The apparatus for cooling the liquid which is employed for cooling or
condensing steam, vapours, gases etc.
5. The arrangement of the heating or condensing bodies in vessels or receptacles
in such a manner that only water-cooling is employed.
6. The enclosures in and between the heating or cooling bodies.
These apparatus consist essentially of vessels in which heating or cooling bodies
are inserted or of several adjacent bodies which in the same manner as in filter-
presses are held tightly together. Over or along these bodies circulates the liquid
which is to be heated or cooled, while at the same time steam etc. which is
intended to be the heating or cooling material-passes through the bodies. The
system of these apparatus, the principle of which has just been described, permits
in a constructive point of view, according to the locality where they are to be fitted
up and the manner of their employment, of a variety of arrangements.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 is a vertical section of the apparatus for water and air cooling.
Figure 2 is a horizontal section on line x-x of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a vertical section on line y-y of Figure 1.
Figure 4 shows a detail of the apparatus, hereinafter described for cooling the
cooling water which flows off from the cooling bodies.
Figure 5 shows a single heating or cooling body in transverse vertical section
and in front elevation.
Figure 6A shows a modification of the cooling or heating body shown in
Figure 5.
Figure 6 shows the combination of several of such heating or cooling bodies
connected by longitudinal screwed rods or bolts.
Figure 7 shows the arrangement of the heating or cooling bodies in a tank or
vessel in which the cooling water circulates.
Figure 8 shows a modification of the same arrangement.
Figure 9 shows an enclosure x by means of which the heating or cooling bodies
are stiffened and a better exchange of heat is obtained.
Figure 10 shows a plate z which is placed between the bodies for the same
purpose.

page_text: Figures 11, 12, 13, show a condensing cooling or heating apparatus with the
enclosures and plates x and z respectively in front elevation and horizontal and
cross section.
Figures 14-20 show apparatus which are forined in the same manner as filter-
presses by pressing the bodies one against another.
Figures 21-23 show an apparatus formed by casting in one piece.
Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.
The heating or cooling body consists of a flat hollow body (b Figures 1, 3, 5, 6,
7, 8, 12, 13) which is manufactured of two plates (626 Figure 5) of sheet metal
by edging and soldering or by screwing the edges together or by casting in one
piece or in two plates or two semi-hollow plates etc.
The
The hollow plates (63 62) are provided with apertures which are on the outer and
inner side provided with annular connections, flanges, sockets, projections, etc., (b³)
for enabling the bodies to be fitted tightly together and for holding the same
at proper distances apart, so that they communicate with each other.
annular connections or sockets are perforated or are provided with channels (68) iu
the interior of the bodies for the purpose of conducting steam or liquid through the
hollow plates. The flanges or projections may also be formed by pressing them
out of the sheet, as shown in Figure 6ª. In the latter case a perforated flange,
socket, a cross or multiple winged star 6 is inserted between the hollow plates for
the purpose of stiffening them. The annular connections can also be arranged
loosely or fastened to a single body between every second body.
The
The steam or vapours (gases) can either take a simple straight course through
the body as seen in Figure 12 or they are forced by a partition (63 Fig. 5) which
is fastened between the plates (6363) to take a return or spiral course.
latter arrangement has for its purpose to cool better or to condense the steam or
The described
vapours (gases) owing to the longer course they have to take.
cooling or heating bodies (b) may be arranged as stated in the introduction in a
chamber or casing in such a manner that a cold blast or current of air through
the chamber is obtained so that not only water-cooling but also air-cooling takes
place. An apparatus of this kind is shown in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4.
The casing is formed by the two standards A B cast in one with the socket u of
the apparatus and by the side walls a³ a', which can be opened like doors and
are therefore hinged at a5 a6 on the standards A B.
These standards are
provided with the channels o', a¹¹ and a' and with the sockets h' l l.
The inlet pipe (d Figures 1, 3) is carried on supports cc² at the upper part of
the apparatus. This pipe communicates with the vertically arranged bodies
(b Figures 1, 3) by branches (di Figures 1, 3). Between each of the bodies are
arranged spray pipes (f Figs. 1, 3) which are fed from the pipes (9 g Figs. 1, 3)
conducting the cooling water. The bodies are connected below by branches
(d Figs. 1, 3) with the tube (e Figs. 1, 3) which discharges the waste water from
each body into the channel a". The steam, vapours, or gases which are to be
cooled or condensed enter the apparatus near the top at h (Fig. 1), distribute
themselves through the pipe d into the bodies on which the water of the spray
pipes runs down, and which are thereby cooled so that the steam or vapours
(gases) in the bodies is or are condensed, and the waste water flows into the
waste tube e.
In order to be able to clean the steam or vapour from oil and mud before it
enters the bodies a chamber ¹ (Fig. 1) which is provided with sieves or perforated
diaphragms ( Fig. 1) is arranged through which chamber the steam or vapours
enter the apparatus whereby the oil-particles and other mechanical impurities are
kept back by the sieves or perforated diaphragm plates i. The oil which drops
from the sieves flows into a channel a¹ and leaves the apparatus through a branch
(Fig. 1). The cooling water which runs on the outside down the bodies, arrives
at a number of dishes or troughs and v¹ (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4) which are arranged
horizontally one above the other. The dishes are only half-dishes, viz.
interrupted in the middle part so that the liquid after having passed openings

page_text: in the dishes v flows to the middle of the next dish laud from there it is brought
to the edge of the next dish and so on, as shown in Figure 3.
In order that the liquid may take a longer course for the purpose of better
cooling, the bottoms of the single dishes are provided with ribs (Figs. 3, 4)
which impart a spiral or zigzag course to the liquid.
In order to be able to remove from the dishes any impurities such as chalk,
mud etc., which have been separated from the liquid, without being forced to take
the apparatus to pieces, the dishes v are carried by supports a² of the
standards A B while the half-dishes v are placed on the ribs or flanges w (Fig. 3)
which are fastened to the casing doors a³ at so that in opening the apparatus the
dishes are turned out together with the doors, while the other dishes v remain
in the apparatus. By the heating of the upper space of the apparatus by means
of the bodies b an air-blast or current is generated, which enters the apparatus
from the outside through apertures t (Figs. 1, 3) and on touching the dishes v v¹ is
directed upwards. As the cooling water which flows down the bodies b to the
uppermost dish v, passes successively through the lower dishes, it arrives cooled in
the bottom u of the casing. In order to be able to partially condense the flying
steam which rises in consequence of the evaporation of the cooling-water, which
has been sprinkled on the bodies b several transverse walls, sieves or perforated
discs n (Fig. 1) are arranged in the escape pipe m (Figs. 1, 3) in such a manner
that the escaping steam strikes against them and condenses itself in consequence
of the low temperature of the said interpositions.
The waste water thus generated is collected in the lowest partition whence it is
led through a tube o into a channel o' in the standard B (Fig. 1) which is separated
from the lower channel all (Fig. 1). When a sufficient quantity of waste water
has collected in the channel o¹ it may be led by a bye-pass and cock p (Fig. 1)
into the lower channel a¹ and discharged through the branch .
In order to condense also the steam which collects in the outlet pipe e (Fig. 1)
of the waste water, this pipe is connected with a number of bodies (Figs. 1, 3)
which rest in the water contained in the bottom u of the casing by a series of
pipes e¹, (Fig. 1) through which the steam is led to the bodies where it is
wholly condensed and discharged through the pipe e". Instead of arranging the
bodies b¹ in the bottom u of the casing itself, they can of course also be provided
outside this casing in a separate vessel or basin a (Figs. 8, 11, 12, 13) which is
accessible by doors a³ a. The bodies b (Figs. 7, 8) too are connected with
pieces only with the difference that for the purpose of enlarging the inlet, these
bodies may be provided instead of with one aperture with several apertures (in
Fig. 7 there are three) which are connected at the end bodies by cast-iron
channels K K' (Fig. 7) which are connected by screwed tie-rods and washers b
(Fig. 6).
Instead of several apertures also one great aperture for instance an oval
aperture, may be employed.
This
The channel K is provided with the steam or vapour inlet branch (Fig. 7)
and the channel K₁ is provided with the outlet pipe e for the waste water.
arrangement can also be altered by arranging the bodies bone above the other as
shown in Fig. 8 instead of one beside the other. In order to effect hereby a
circulation of the cooling water from body to body each of the bodies is provided
with a projecting vertical rim R and an overflow branch S. The cooling water
which is fed by a pipe g, then takes a course from body to body and is discharged
at g', while the steam or vapour which is to be condensed is fed at in the same or
in the opposite direction and discharged at e.
In the modification, Figs. 11, 12 and 13 the bodies are arranged one beside the
other and they are pressed one against the other by a screwed hollow spindle P
and nut so that they can easily be taken away after the loosening of the spindle
with the hand-wheel Q. The pressing of the bodies one against the other can
also be effected by a screw bearing against the wall of the casing or at the closing

page_text: piece K¹ (Fig. 7) or by a wedge inserted between the wall of the casing and the
bodies. For this purpose the casing has stiffening ribs T.
The bodies are suited not only for condensing steam but also for cooling or
condensing vapours of petroleum, fat acids, vapours of spirits, gases etc. as well as
for cooling and cleaning gases and vapours in general. These apparatus are also
suited very well for cooling and heating saps, mashes, worts, and other liquids, for
concentrating and drying substances, bye-products etc. and for freezing and
evaporating liquids. If employed for freezing the cooling gas circulates in the
bodies, while the water in bulk, which is to be cooled fills the casing, whereby it
may easily be caused to freeze and by opening the bottom of the casing the ice
can easily be taken off from the apparatus. The condensed fluid may be taken
off from each body by means of tubes and thus the distillates may be separated, or
it is taken off from all the bodies together or exhausted from them. If the
condensed fluid, air, etc. is taken off by means of a pump a vacuum will thus be
formed in the bodies and the condensing and distilling process will therefore be
accelerated. The bodies may also be inserted alone, without the vessel, into the
liquid which is to be cooled or heated. The annular connections at the inner wall
of each body may be replaced by stiffening ribs or the like which allow the outer
connection pieces of all bodies to be pressed tightly one against another. All
connection pieces may be employed in different sizes, form and number and the
outer connection pieces may be put only between each simple body. On employing
the apparatus as a steam condenser it is good to insert into the casing a partition
wall for the purpose of heating strongly a small portion of the cooling water
whereby the lime-salts are precipitated. This water may be added to the waste
water so that quite pure water for feeding the boiler is obtained; the other part
of the bodies is then simply cooled by water.
If the apparatus is to be employed for drying, or similar purposes the mass to be
dried is generally introduced into or passed through the interior of the hollow
bodies, whereas the drying medium passes around the outside of said bodies. As
this operation is carried out in the same manner as the cooling-process, solid bodies
can also be introduced into the tank or reservoir and the drying medium be
conducted through the hollow bodies.
The bodies might also be joined communicating one with another by socket or
hose-couplings in the well-known manner, but this kind of connection will be
expensive and unpractical.
In order to be able to effect the tightening as well as to make the interior of the
case easily accessible for the purpose of easily cleaning the bodies, the side walls or
the cover and the bottom of the vessel which may be differently formed, are
arranged as doors (a³ a', Figure 11) which can be shut or opened. Finally some
auxiliary means for obtaining a better exchange of heat between the liquids or
gases and for preventing a deformation of the bodies may be mentioned.
The bodies are furnished inwardly with partition plates x (Fig. 9) which are
bent upward or outward in the form of a grate. The little projections a¹ which
are bent out of the plane of the plate & and which are arranged in alternating
rows, carry strips of wire gauze and thus prevent the collapsing of the body
walls by bearing against them and favour the condensation of the steam or vapour
by means of the wire gauze strips against which the steam or vapour must rub in
passing the bodies; instead of this arrangement wire-gauze alone, perforated sheet
plates, wooden or metal plates, which are furnished with reliefs, may be employed.
Besides these enclosures an intermediate piece z (Figs. 1, 10, 12, 13) is inserted
between each pair of bodies, which piece consists of a plate preferably of wood
which is provided with knobs or battens or other reliefs ¹ (Fig. 10) so that bulging
of the bodies is prevented.
IC
Instead of this intermediate plate z the grate-like plates which have been
described before may be used.
As mentioned above the bodies may also be manufactured by casting.

page_text: In these cast bodies, represented in Figures 14-20, the apertures, channels and
flanges or branches can be cast at once.
It will be the simplest to increase the thickness of two opposite edges C
(Figs. 14, 15, 19) of the bodies and to provide in these the channels or
apertures (6). Instead of increasing the thickness of the edges an intermediate
piece may be put between each pair of bodies in order to obtain between them the
intermediate spaces D (Fig. 20) which are necessary for the circulation of the
liquid. The bodies may be provided with an aperture o to make the water
circulation possible and with outside or inside ribs (1) to prevent collapsing of
the walls by the vacuum. Several of such bodies may be put one beside another,
so that the flanges or edges C (Figs. 14, 15, 19) cover themselves and are pressed
one against another by press plates E as shown in Fig. 20. These bodies 6 which
are connected with each other may be inserted into a casing or they may be
employed without a casing, in the latter case a bottom and cover must be secured
tightly to the plates. The steam or vapour circulates in the bodies while the
water circulates through the apertures o and spaces D.
The bodies may also be provided with a conical branch or reception
chamber F (Figs. 14 and 16) the flange G of which is equal in height or width
to the flange C of the body and which has also an aperture of which may be
closed by discs fastened to a common spindle as shown in Fig. 21. The reception
chamber F with the apertures o' serves for the removing of the deposited impurities,
mud etc. through an aperture or branch o. In apparatus formed by bodies with
the conical branch the water passages o are arranged above and below and
alternating so that on pressing the bodies one against the other to form an
apparatus as shown in Fig. 16 the liquid circulates in a vertical direction, while
the steam or vapour is passed through the bodies in a horizontal direction. In
this apparatus which is manufactured in the same manner as a filter-press the
bodies can easily be displaced and cleaned the deposited mud can easily be taken
off, and the apparatus cleaned without being forced to dismount it. These
apparatus will especially be very suitable for heating such liquids as carry much
mud with them or are to be cleaned at the same time. If some of these bodies
with aperture or simple plates (filter plates) which are provided with the reception
chamber F the last of which are covered with filtering cloth, are added to the
apparatus and the water is still passed through them and thus filtered, the water etc.
can simultaneously be heated and cleaned by means of one apparatus. Instead of
the apertures o¹ (Figs. 14, 16, 21 and 22) a tube might be screwed on below the
bodies and the mud might be taken off from each body into the tube or separately.
It is obvious that the bodies may be manufactured in every form out of iron,
sheet-iron, wood etc.
The employment of cast-iron hollow plates instead of plates of sheet iron is
preferred because the former ones are not at all or but little damaged by vapours
of petroleum, fats etc.
The apparatus may also be manufactured in one piece by casting as shown in
Figs. 21, 22 and 23.
Instead of a flat bottom a conical bottom with reception chambers F may be
employed which is provided with walls ¿10 (Fig. 21) to meet the middle part
forming the bodies b.
These walls are provided with apertures o' which are closed altogether by
liscs o (Figs. 21, 22) fastened to a common spindle o³.
The steam enters at N passes through the chambers b, passages l' and discharges
t O. The water enters at L passes through the intervals D, apertures o and
ischarges at M.
Dated this 26th day of May 1893.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Cooling, Heating, Drying, or
similar Purposes.
I, JOSEF FISCHER of 1 Maximilian Strasse V Vienna, in the Empire of
Austro-Hungary, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for cooling or heating
steam, vapours, gases, or liquids and these improvements refer to :-
1. The arrangement of the cooling or heating bodies.
2. The combination of these cooling and heating bodies in such a manner that by
pressing them one against the other the apparatus is formed.
3. The arrangement of them in a vessel or casing in such a manner that an air-
blast or current is generated in the casing in an upward direction, that is to say,
in an opposite direction to the downwardly flowing cooling water, which is thus
cooled if instead of air-cooling alone, water and air-cooling are to be employed
together.
4. The apparatus for cooling the liquid which is employed for cooling or
condensing steam, vapours, gases, etc.
5. The arrangement of the heating or condensing bodies in vessels or receptacles
in such a manner that only water-cooling is employed.
6. The enclosures in and between the heating or cooling bodies.
These apparatus consist essentially of vessels in which heating or cooling bodies
are inserted or of several adjacent bodies which in the same manner as in filter-
presses are held tightly together. Over or along these bodies circulates the liquid
which is to be heated or cooled, while at the same time steam etc.-which is
intended to be the heating or cooling material-passes through the bodies. The
system of these apparatus, the principle of which has just been described, permits
in a constructive point of view, according to the locality where they are to be
fitted up and the manner of their employment, of a variety of arrangements.
In the drawings accompanying my Provisional Specification
Figure 1 is a vertical section of the apparatus for water and air cooling.
Figure 2 is a horizontal section on line c-x of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a vertical section on line y-y of Figure 1.
Figure 4 shows a detail of the apparatus, hereinafter described for cooling the
cooling water which flows off from the cooling bodies.
Figure 5 shows a single heating or cooling body in transverse vertical section and
in front elevation.
Figure 6 shows a modification of the cooling or heating body shown in Figure 5.
Figure 6 shows the combination of several of such heating or cooling bodies
connected by longitudinal screwed rods or bolts.
Figure 7 shows the arrangement of the heating or cooling bodies in a tank or
vessel in which the cooling water circulates.
Figure 8 shows a modification of the same arrangement.
Figure 9 shows an enclosure by means of which the heating or cooling bodies
are stiffened and a better exchange of heat is obtained.
Figure 10 shows a plate z which is placed between the bodies for the same
purpose.
Figures 11, 12 13 show a condensing cooling or heating apparatus with the
enclosures and plates and z respectively in front elevation and horizontal and
cross section.
Figures 14-20 show apparatus which are formed in the same manner as filter-
presses by pressing the bodies one against another.
Figures 21-23 show an apparatus formed by casting in one piece.

page_text: Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.
The heating or cooling body consists of a flat hollow body (6 Figures 1, 3, 5, 6,
7, 8, 12, 13) which is manufactured of two plates (6'6 Figure 5) of sheet metal
by edging and soldering or by screwing the edges together or by casting in one
piece or in two plates or two semi-hollow plates etc.
The hollow plates (636) are provided with apertures which are on the outer
and inner side provided with annular connections, flanges, sockets, projections, etc., (68)
for enabling the bodies to be fitted tightly together and for holding the same
at proper distances apart, so that they communicate with each other. The annular
connections or sockets are perforated or are provided with channels (6) in the
interior of the bodies for the purpose of conducting steam or liquid through the
hollow plates. The flanges or projections may also be formed by pressing them
out of the sheet, as shown in Figure 6. In the latter case a perforated flange,
socket, a cross or multiple winged star a' is inserted between the hollow plates for
the purpose of stiffening them. The annular connections can also be arranged
loosely or fastened to a single body between every second body.
The steam or vapours (gases) can either take a simple straight course through
the body as seen in Figure 12 or they are forced by a partition (63 Fig. 5) which
is fastened between the plates (6363) to take a return or spiral course. The latter
arrangement has for its purpose to cool better or to condense the steam or vapours
(gases) owing to the longer course they have to take. The described cooling or
heating bodies (b) may be arranged as stated in the introduction in a chamber or
casing in such a manuer that a cold blast or current of air through the chamber is
obtained so that not only water-cooling but also air-cooling takes place.
apparatus of this kind is shown in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4.
An
The casing is formed by the two standards A B cast in one with the socket u of
the apparatus and by the side walls as a, which can be opened like doors and are
therefore hinged at a a on the standards A B. These standards are provided
with the channels o¹, all and a' and with the sockets h¹ l l.
The inlet pipe (d Figs. 1, 3) is carried on supports c c at the upper part of the
apparatus. This pipe communicates with the vertically arranged bodies (Figs. 1, 3)
by branches (d Figs. 1, 3). Between each of the bodies are arranged spray
pipes (Figs. 1, 3) which are fed from the pipes (g g¹¹ Figs. 1, 3) conducting the
cooling water. The bodies are connected below by branches (d" Figs. 1, 3) with
the tube (e Figs. 1, 3) which discharges the waste water from each body into the
channel a. The steam, vapours, or gases which are to be cooled or condensed
enter the apparatus near the top at h (Fig. 1), distribute themselves through the pipe d
into the bodies 6 on which the water of the spray pipes fruns down, and which are
thereby cooled so that the steam or vapours (gases) in the bodies is or are condensed,
and the waste water flows into the waste tube e.
In order to be able to clean the steam or vapour from oil and mud before it enters
the bodies a chamber h' (Fig. 1) which is provided with sieves or perforated
diaphragms ( Fig. 1) is arranged through which chamber the steam or vapours
enter the apparatus whereby the oil-particles and other mechanical impurities are
kept back by the sieves or perforated diaphragm plates i. The oil which drops
from the sieves flows into a channel a' and leaves the apparatus through a branch
(Fig. 1). The cooling water which runs on the outside down the bodies, arrives
at a number of dishes or troughs v and v¹ (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4) which are arranged
horizontally one above the other. The dishes vi are only half-dishes, viz. :
interrupted in the middle part so that the liquid after having passed openings
in the dishes v flows to the middle of the next dish v¹ and from there it is brought
to the edge of the next dish and so on, as shown in Fig. 3.
In order that the liquid may take a longer course for the purpose of better
cooling, the bottoms of the single dishes are provided with ribs (Figs. 3, 4)
which impart a spiral or zigzag course to the liquid.
In order to be able to remove from the dishes any impurities such as chalk,
mud, etc., which have been separated from the liquid, without being forced to take

page_text: U
the apparatus to pieces, the dishes are carried by supports a of the standards A B
while the half-dishes are placed on the ribs or flanges w (Fig. 3) which are
fastened to the casing doors as a so that in opening the apparatus the dishes vul are
turned out together with the doors, while the other dishes » remain in the
apparatus. By the heating of the upper space of the apparatus by means of the
bodies 6 an air-blast or current is generated, which enters the apparatus from
the outside through apertures t (Figs. 1, 3) and on touching the dishes vis
directed upwards. As the cooling water which flows down the bodies to the
uppermost dish r, passes successively through the lower dishes, it arrives cooled in
the bottom u of the casing. In order to be able to partially condense the flying
steam which rises in consequence of the evaporation of the cooling-water which has
been sprinkled on the bodies b several transverse walls, sieves or perforated discs n
(Fig. 1) are arranged in the escape pipe m (Figs. 1, 3) in such a manner that the
escaping steam strikes against them and condenses itself in consequence of the low
temperature of the said interpositions.
The waste water thus generated is collected in the lowest partition whence it is
led through a tube o into a channel o' in the standard B (Figure 1) which is
separated from the lower channel a" (Figure 1). When a sufficient quantity of
waste water has collected in the channel it may be led by a bye-pass and cock p
(Fig. 1) into the lower channel a" and discharged through the branch .
In order to condense also the steam which collects in the outlet pipe e (Fig. 1)
of the waste water, this pipe is connected with a number of bodies (Figs. 1, 3)
which rest in the water contained in the bottom u of the casing by a series of
pipes e,rd (Fig. 1) through which the steam is led to the bodies 6' where it is
wholly condensed and discharged through the pipe el. Instead of arranging the
bodies 6' in the bottom u of the casing itself, they can of course also be provided outside
this casing in a separate vessel or basin a (Figs. 8, 11, 12, 13) which is accessible by
doors a a. The bodies b (Figs. 7, 8) too are connected with pieces 6 only with
the difference that for the purpose of enlarging the inlet, these bodies may be
provided instead of with one aperture with several apertures (in Fig. 7 there are
three) which are connected at the end bodies by cast-iron channels K K¹ (Fig. 7)
which are connected by screwed tie-rods 7 and washers 6 (Fig. 6).
Instead of several apertures also one great aperture for instance an oval aperture,
may be employed.
The channel K is provided with the steam or vapour inlet branch / (Fig. 7) and
the channel K is provided with the outlet pipe e for the waste water. This
arrangement can also be altered by arranging the bodies 6 one above the other as
shown in Fig. 8 instead of one beside the other. In order to effect hereby a
circulation of the cooling water from body to body each of the bodies is provided
with a projecting vertical rim R and an overflow branch S. The cooling water
which is fed by a pipe g then takes a course from body to body and is discharged
at g', while the steam or vapour which is to be condensed is fed at h in the same or
in the opposite direction and discharged at e.
In the modification, Figs. 11, 12 and 13, the bodies are arranged one beside the
other and they are pressed one against the other by a screwed hollow spindle P and
nut so that they can easily be taken away after the loosening of the spindle with
the hand-wheel Q. The pressing of the bodies one against the other can also be
effected by a screw bearing against the wall of the casing or at the closing piece K¹
(Fig. 7) or by a wedge inserted between the wall of the casing and the bodies.
For this purpose the casing has stiffening ribs T.
The bodies are suited not only for condensing steam but also for cooling or
condensing vapours of petroleum, fat acids vapours of spirits, gases etc., as well as
for cooling and cleaning gases and vapours in general. These apparatus are also
suited very well for cooling and heating saps, mashes, worts, and other liquids, for
concentrating and drying substances,. bye-products etc. and for freezing and
evaporating liquids. If employed for freezing the cooling gas circulates in the
bodies, while the water in bulk, which is to be cooled fills the casing, whereby it

page_text: may easily be caused to freeze and by opening the bottom of the casing the ice can
easily be taken off from the apparatus. The condensed fluid may be taken off
from each body by means of tubes and thus the distillates may be separated, or it
is taken off from all the bodies together or exhausted from them. If the condensed
fluid, air etc. is taken off by means of a pump a vacuum will thus be formed in the
bodies and the condensing and distilling process will therefore be accelerated. The
bodies may also be inserted alone, without the vessel, into the liquid which is to be
cooled or heated. The annular connections at the inner wall of each body may be
replaced by stiffening ribs or the like which allow the outer connection pieces of
all bodies to be pressed tightly one against another. All connection pieces may be
employed in different sizes, form and number and the outer connection pieces may
be put only between each simple body. On employing the apparatus as a steam
condenser it is good to insert into the casing a partition wall for the purpose of
heating strongly a small portion of the cooling water whereby the lime-salts are
precipitated. This water may be added to the waste water so that quite pure water
for feeding the boiler is obtained; the other part of the bodies is then simply cooled
by water.
If the apparatus is to be employed for drying, or similar purposes the mass to be
dried is generally introduced into or passed through the interior of the hollow
bodies, whereas the drying medium passes around the outside of said bodies. As
this operation is carried out in the same manner as the cooling process, solid bodies
can also be introduced into the tank or reservoir and the drying medium be conducted
through the hollow bodies.
The bodies might also be joined communicating one with another by socket or
hose-couplings in the well-known manner, but this kind of connection will be
expensive and unpractical.
In order to be able to effect the tightening as well as to make the interior of the
case easily accessible for the purpose of easy cleaning the bodies, the side walls or
the cover and the bottom of the vessel which may be differently formed, are
arranged as doors (a³ a Fig. 11) which can be shut or opened. Finally some
auxiliary means for obtaining a better exchange of heat between the liquids or
gases and for preventing a deformation of the bodies may be mentioned.
The bodies are furnished inwardly with partition plates x (Fig. 9) which are
bent upward or outward in the form of a grate. The little projections r¹ which
are bent out of the plane of the plate and which are arranged in alternating rows,
carry strips of wire gauze all and thus prevent the collapsing of the body walls by
bearing against them and favour the condensation of the steam or vapour by means
of the wire gauze strips against which the steam or vapour must rub in passing the
bodies;
instead of this arrangement wire-gauze alone, perforated sheet plates,
wooden or metal plates, which are furnished with reliefs, may be employed.
Besides these enclosures an intermediate piece (Figs. 1, 10, 12 13) is inserted
between each pair of bodies, which piece consists of a plate preferably of wood
which is provided with knobs or battens or other reliefs z¹ (Fig. 10) so that bulging
of the bodies is prevented.
Instead of this intermediate plate the grate-like plates which have been
described before may be used.
As mentioned above the bodies may also be manufactured by casting.
In these cast bodies, represented in Figures 14-20, the apertures, channels and
flanges or branches can be cast at once.
It will be the simplest to increase the thickness of two opposite edges C (Figs. 14,
15, 19) of the bodies and to provide in these the channels or apertures (6). Instead
of increasing the thickness of the edges au intermediate piece may be put between
each pair of bodies in order to obtain between them the intermediate spaces D
(Fig. 20) which are necessary for the circulation of the liquid. The bodies b
may be provided with an aperture o to make the water circulation possible and
with outside or inside ribs () to prevent collapsing of the walls by the vacuum.
Several of such bodies may be put one beside another, so that the flanges or
B

page_text: edges C (Figs. 14, 15, 19) cover themselves and are pressed one against another
by press plates E as shown in Fig. 20. These bodies which are connected with
each other may be inserted into a casing or they may be employed without a casing,
in the latter case a bottom and cover must be secured tightly to the plates. The
steam or vapour circulates in the bodies while the water circulates through the
apertures o and spaces D.
The bodies b may also be provided with a conical branch or reception chamber F
(Figs. 14 and 16) the flange g of which is equal in height or width to the flange C
of the body and which has also an aperture of which may be closed by discs
fastened to a common spindle as shown in Fig. 21. The reception chamber F with
the apertures o' serves for the removing of the deposited impurities, mud etc.
through an aperture or branch o*. In apparatus formed by bodies with the conical
branch the water passages o are arranged above and below and alternating so that
on pressing the bodies one against the other to form an apparatus as shown in
Fig. 16 the liquid circulates in a vertical direction, while the steam or vapour is
passed through the bodies in a horizontal direction. In this apparatus which is
manufactured in the same manner as a filter-press the bodies can easily be displaced
and cleaned the deposited mud can easily be taken off, and the apparatus cleaned
without being forced to dismount it. These apparatus will especially be very
suitable for heating such liquids as carry much mud with them or are to be
cleaned at the same time. If some of these bodies with aperture or simple plates
(filter-plates) which are provided with the reception chamber F, the last of which
are covered with filtering cloth, are added to the apparatus and the water is still
passed through them and thus filtered, the water etc. can be simultaneously heated
and cleaned by means of one apparatus. Instead of the apertures o' (Figs. 14, 16,
21 and 22) a tube might be screwed on below the bodies and the mud might be
taken off from each body into the tube or separately. It is obvious that the bodies
may be manufactured in every form out of iron, sheet-iron, wood etc.
The employment of cast-iron hollow plates instead of plates of sheet iron is
preferred because the former ones are not at all or but little damaged by vapours
of petroleum, fats etc.
The apparatus may also be manufactured in one piece by casting as shown in
Figs. 21, 22 and 23.
Instead of a flat bottom a conical bottom with reception chambers F may be
employed which is provided with walls 610 (Fig. 21) to meet the middle part forming
the bodies b.
These walls are provided with apertures o' which are closed altogether by discs o
(Figs. 21, 22) fastened to a common spindle o³.
The steam enters at N passes through the chambers b, passages and discharges
at O. The water enters at L passes through the intervals D, apertures o aud
discharges at M.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is ;-
1. In apparatus for cooling or heating steam vapour gases air or liquids for
purposes of evaporation and drying and in general for varying or exchanging
temperatures a hollow plate plain or corrugated provided on both sides, above and
below or it may be in the centre also and sidewise with one or more openings such
as 15 whereof the edges on the outer and inner surfaces are provided with annula
flanges sockets or projections generally which may alternatively be placed between
the plates so that several such hollow plates communicating with each other under
pressure may be connected together at a certain distance apart with perfectly tight
joints and whereof the inner flanges sockets or projections may be perforated or
may themselves be replaced by a cross shaped or star-shaped piece for the purpose
of admitting vapours gases or fluids to circulate within the hollow plates substan-
tially as described.

page_text: 2. In apparatus such as described the combination with a hollow plate or body
such as 6 of a cross star or equivalently shaped piece substantially as and for the
purpose described and illustrated in Figure 6 of the accompanying drawings.
3. In apparatus such as described the combination with a hollow plate or body
such as bof an intermediate wall or diaphragm such as 63 for the purpose of prolonging
the cooling action of the vapour gas etc. by causing them to take a longer course.
4. In apparatus such as described the arrangement of heating or cooling bodies
such as b in the upper part of a closed casing such as a accessible by doors and
provided with a flue or vapour pipe for the purpose of cooling the heating bodies
by means of air and furthermore the sprinkling of these hot plates with water
whereby a strong current of air is produced and the cooling water which flows
down the heating bodies is conducted cooled into the lower part of the casing
substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
5. In apparatus such as described for the purpose of better cooling the cooling
water the arrangement of a number of cooling troughs such as v¹ below the
heating bodies in such a manner that the air-current which rises in the apparatus
strikes the troughs from which the water successively falls downwards substantially
as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
6. In apparatus such as described for cooling or heating vapours gases and other
matter the arrangement of upright hollow plates or bodies connected to each other
at a certain distance by pressing the connections thereof one against another
or by pressing them together by means of screws in vessels in the liquid to be
cooled or heated substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
7. In apparatus such as described the arrangement of heating or cooling bodies
such as shown in Figure 5 one beside another or one above another in a vessel in
the liquid which is to be cooled or heated and the conducting of the cooling water
in the vessel from below to above or in opposite direction (Figures 7 and 8) and
the arrangement by which the steam is conducted through one or more apertures b*
and from there simultaneously into all the hollow plates while the condensed liquid
is discharged at the lowest place (Figure 6) substantially as described and.
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
8. In apparatus such as described the arrangement of heating or cooling bodies
such as bin an accessible vessel such as a (Figure 11) in such a manner that the
cooling liquid is forced to flow between the hollow plates in a direction the same as
or opposite to that in which the steam is conducted substantially as described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
9. In apparatus such as described the combination with hollow plates or bodies
such as b of a casing such as a accessible from above and the side as in Figures 11
12 and 13 for the purpose of enabling the plates to be easily taken out of the
casing substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
10. In apparatus such as described the connection of the plates one with another
and with the casing a by a pressure-screw such as P carried in bearings in the
casing as in Figures 12 and 13 or by a screw such as P¹ with nut as in Figure 7 or
by a wedge inserted between the end plates or hollow bodies and the walls of the
casing whereby the lifting up of the plates for the purpose of enabling them to be
cleaned or replaced can be performed very quickly and easily and the connection
of the hollow plates one with another and with the casing a by longitudinal screws
or tie-rods such as shown in Figures 6 and 7 which may also be arranged outside
the plates and with a pressing-plate K' (Figure 7) substantially as described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
11. In apparatus such as described the combination with the casing a of the
stiffening ribs such as T substantially as described and illustrated in Figures 11
12 13 of the accompanying drawings.
12. In apparatus such as described the combination with the hollow plates or
bodies b and casing a of hollow pressing-plates or projections such as K K' Figure 7
and ' Figure 1 provided with inlet and outlet pipes h and e (Figures 7 and 1) and

page_text: of which one is designed for the inlet of steam and is provided with sieves or
perforated diaphragms for the purpose of keeping back the impurities of the steam
or gas substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
13. In apparatus such as described the combination with hollow plates or bodies
such as 6 of packings such as X (Figure 9) composed of grate-like sheets of metal
on the projections X' of which sieves are put or of sieves perforated sheets of metal
wood or equivalent for the purpose of preventing bulging of the plates and
facilitating the condensation of the vapours and gases substantially as described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
14. In apparatus such as described the arrangement of a plate such as Z provided
with projections as in Figure 10 between every pair of heating or cooling bodies b
for the purpose of preventing bulging of the same substantially as described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
15. In apparatus such as described the special arrangement of the apparatus a
shown in Figures 7 to 12 with the hollow plates b for condensing vapours of petro-
leum and oily acids and the combination with these plates of outlet pipes and
pipes e for the purpose of enabling the distillate to be discharged separately and the
discharging of the condensed liquid air or the like from the plates or hollow bodies
for the purpose of forming a vacuum and thus hastening on the condensing
process.
16. The employment of apparatus such as a having plates such as for cooling
and cleaning gases and vapours.
17. In apparatus such as described the combination with hollow plates such as b
of a casing such as a accessible above and below and the employment for cooling
water and saps in such manner that the cooling gas circulates in the hollow plates
while the water in bulk which is to be cooled fills the casing whereby it may easily
be caused to freeze and by opening the bottom the ice can easily be discharged
from the apparatus.
18. In apparatus such as described the arrangement of two compartments in the
condensing casing or chamber a for the purpose of enabling the cleaning in one
compartment of the feed water which may thereafter be used for feeding a
boiler.
19. In apparatus such as described the employment of plates such as v arranged
one above another for cooling liquids by air.
20. In apparatus such as described hollow plates or bodies such as 6 Figures 14
to 20 conically shaped at their lower ends or in combination with a separate conical
chamber III having discharging aperture o¹ and o³ the apertures o and with the
apparatus consisting of a number of such plates Figures 14 to 20 which as in a
filter-press are pressed one against another and are thus connected tightly with
each other substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
21. In apparatus such as described the employment of cast-iron hollow plates
communicating with each other for cooling vapours of petroleum and fatty acids
substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
22. In apparatus such as described the employment of apparatus composed of
hollow plates and simple or filter-press plates with conical chambers III Figure 14
or only of simple plates covered with filtering-cloth for the purpose of enabling
the heated and cooled liquids to be simultaneously cleaned substantially as described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
23. The manufacture of the apparatus in such a manner that they are cast in
one piece as in Figure 20 and the combination with the conical chamber III
Figures 21 and 22 substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
Dated this 5th dow of March 1804
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.