IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FIBROUS YARNS OR THREADS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wood and James William
Wood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 1st January 1867.
We, WILLIAM WOOD and JAMES WILLIAM WOOD, of Monkhill, near
Pontefract, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FIBROUS YARNS OR
THREADS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in making cored fibrous yarns or threads
from mixtures of different lengths, kinds, or colours of fibres or threads in'
such manner that any desired kind or colour of fibres or thread is placed on
the outside of the yarn, and the other forms the inside or core. When fibrous
yarns or threads are made in the ordinary manner from mixtures of different
kinds of fibres such mixtures are passed through the carding engine together
and then spun into yarn, the different kinds of fibres being intermingled
throughout the body of the yarn.
Now by our improved process the different kinds of fibres are prepared
separately, and so treated that when brought together and finally spun into
yarn one thread or set of fibres as may be desired is placed on the outside
of the yarn, and another thread or set of fibres is placed inside and forms the
core of the yarn; this taking of their allotted places on or in the yarn is'
caused by a greater tension being placed during the final spinning on one'
thread or set of fibres to that placed on the other thread or set of fibres, and
this greater tension can be produced in different ways: When it is desired

page_text: to form a yarn composed of long fibres for the core, and short fibres on the
outside, the long fibres are prepared as for throstle or water twist spinning
by being laid parallel to one another, the short fibres being either twisted
similarly or prepared as for jenny or mule spinning, and made into a carding
without twist or into a roving or thread slightly twisted, the two kinds are
then brought together by preference in a throstle or water twist spinning
frame and behind the front drawing rollers, the carding, loose roving, or
thread of short fibres being laid on to the long fibres in process of being
drawn down, or on to a very slightly twisted thread of long fibres, the two
sets of fibres pass together between the rollers, and are spun into a cored
yarn which has the long fibres inside and the short ones outside, as reason
of the long fibres being more firmly held they are drawn tighter and take
the shortest course, thereby forming the centre or core of the yarn, whilst the
shorter ones being less tightly held are drawn out into a longer length by
the twisting or spinning, and are placed on the outside of the long fibres.
When fibres about equal in length are used, one set of them is made into a
thread of the desired thickness and twisted more or less as may be desired for
various products, but in an opposite direction to the spinning twist afterwards
given, this thread being placed on the spinning frame the end of it is led on
to the fibres of the other set which are being drawn down by the front rollers
or on to another thread very slightly twisted, the two passing between the
rollers together and twisted the drawn fibres or slightly twisted thread are
partially made into a thread during the time the flyers are untwisting, the
added thread which when the twist is out of it is free and of a greater length,
and is by continuing the twisting made to wrap round the fibres which got
the start in being twisted and which form the core. The added thread may
by increasing the amount of opposite twist so as to increase its proportionate
length be composed of long fibres and be used for the outer covering of the
yarn, and short ones may by the larger proportion of final twist given them be
made to form the core. When slack twisted threads are used the length of
the outside or covering yarn may be so regulated that the core shall not be
wholly covered, when the finished yarn has the appearance of a spiral thread
on a centre core. The length of the twisted threads added to the spinning
fibres or slightly spun threads as before described is of course greater when
untwisted than the length of straight fibres or threads passing through the
drawing rollers. The giving an increased length of one of the threads may
also be effected by using an additional set of drawing in rollers worked at a
different speed to the ordinary ones, thus supplying to the twisting apparatus
any desired increase of length of one of the threads when the twisting, by

page_text: placing most tension on the shorter length, causes it to take the centre place
and the longer length to enwrap it; or instead of using two sets of drawing
in rollers we sometimes use a revolving bar having at intervals opposite to the
bobbins two discs of unequal diameter acting as drawing in surfaces by
having one of the threads guided to and wound round each of them, and
the two then passing through a guide to the twisting flyers or apparatus as
they are given off the revolving bar. When desired the fibres or threads
which form the core of the yarn are passed through cementing matter so as
to assist in keeping the outside fibres more securely in their place.
We do not confine ourselves to the use of one kind of fibres, say of wool,
but may use, say, linen for the long fibres and wool for the short, or any other
mixture of different kinds or colours of fibres as may be desired in yarns for
various purposes.