An Improvement in Candle Holders and Candle Sockets of Candle Sticks and Sconces.
Year: 1888

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improvement in Candle Holders and Candle Sockets of Candle
Sticks and Sconces.
I EDMUND TONKS of the firm of William Tonks and Sons of Moseley Street
Birmingham in the County of Warwick Manufacturers do hereby declare the nature
of this Invention to be as follows:-
My invention has for its object to securely fix the end of the candle in the candle
holder of a candlestick or sconce or in the socket of a candlestick or sconce. This
object 1 effect in the manner hereinafter described.
Instead of making the candle holder or candle socket of a plain cylindrical tube
smooth internally for receiving the end of the candle as usual I provide the tube of
the candle holder or candle socket with a series of internally projecting vertical ribs
of a tapering V or pear shaped figure the least projecting parts of the said internal
tapering ribs being situated nearest the flange or top of the holder or socket.
I make the said ribs by pressing inwards the metal of the seamless or soldered tube
of the candle holder or socket by dies and pressure or otherwise but when the
candle holder or socket is made by casting the internally projecting ribs are made
by the casting process.
The said internally projecting ribs have preferably a curved figure in cross section
and are situated at the same level and equidistantly in the tube of the candle
holder or candle socket. Three ribs are preferably employed but I do not limit
myself to that number of ribs. The ribs in the case of candle holders may be of
about half an inch in length but the said ribs may extend from the upper end of
the tube to the lower end of the tube.
When the end of the candle is pressed into the candle holder or candle socket
provided with internally projecting ribs according to my invention the end of the
candle takes upon the said ribs or the ribs are embedded in the candle and the
said candle is thus held very firmly in its place in the candle holder or candle socket
of the candlestick or sconce.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improvement in Candle Holders and Candle Sockets of Candle-
sticks and Sconces.
I EDMUND TONKS of the firm of William Tonks and Sons of Moseley Street
Birmingham in the County of Warwick Manufacturers do hereby declare the nature
of my invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention has for its object to securely fix the end of the candle in the candle
holder of a candle stick or sconce or in the socket of a candlestick or sconce. This
object I effect in the manner hereinafter described.
Instead of making the candle holder or candle socket of a plain cylindrical tube
smooth internally for receiving the end of the candle as usual I provide the tube of
the candle holder or candle socket with a series of internally projecting vertical ribs
of a tapering V or semi-pear shaped figure the least projecting parts of the said
internal tapering ribs being situated nearest the flange or top of the holder or
socket.
Upon these internal ribs the end of the candle takes when placed in the candle-
stick or sconce.
I make the said ribs by pressing inwards the metal of the seamless or soldered or
raised sheet metal tube of the candle holder or socket by dies and pressure or other-
wise but when the candle holder or socket is made by casting the internally projecting
ribs are made by the casting process.
The said internally projecting ribs have preferably a curved figure in cross section
and are situated at the same level and equi-distantly in the tube of the candle holder or
candle socket. Three ribs are preferably employed but I do not limit myself to that
number of ribs. The ribs in the case of candle holders may be of about half an inch
in length but the said ribs may extend from the upper end of the tube to the lower
end of the tube.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing represents in elevation partly in section
and Figure 2 in plan a candlestick to which a removable candle socket or tubular
lining made according to my invention is applied; Figure 3 represents in elevation ;
Figure 4 in plan and Figure 5 in vertical section the candle socket detached from
the candlestick drawn to a larger scale for the purpose of better exhibiting the con-
struction of the said candle socket:
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several Figures of the
Drawing.
a is the cylindrical or tubular candle socket having at its top the flange b the
tubular part of the socket fitting tightly in the tubular upper part c of the candle-
stick.
The bottom edge of the socket a is slightly cupped inwards to facilitate its
introduction into.the.candlestick.
The candle socket a, b may either be made from a disc of sheet metal by a raising
process in dies or from seamless or soldered pieces of tubing. After the parts of

page_text: the socket a b have been fashioned I form in the tubular wall a series of three
(preferably) internally projecting vertical ribs d d, d as best seen in Figures 3, 4
and 5. The said internal ribs d d d have a tapering V or semi-pear shaped figure,
the least projecting parts of the said ribs being situated nearest the flange or top 6 of
the socket as represented. It will be seen by reference to the Drawing that the
internally projecting ribs d, d, d have somewhat of a curved figure in cross section
and are situated at the same level and equi-distantly in the tube of the candle socket.
I make the tapering V or semi-pear shaped projecting ribs d, d, d by dies and
pressure preferably in the following way. That is to say I take the plain or unribbed
candle socket and place it upon a mandril having in its cylindrical surface three equi-
distant depressions having a shape the counterpart of the projecting ribs to be made
on the internal surface of the candle socket. By means of a pressing tool or punch
the metal of the candle socket is pressed or forced into the depressions in the mandril
so as to form the said ribs.
The internally projecting ribs may extend from the upper end of the tube to the
lower end but I have found in practice that the length of the said ribs and the number
of ribs represented in the Drawing answer well.
When the candle sockets are made by casting instead of from tubes or sheet metal
the internally projecting ribs are made by the casting process.
The internally projecting ribs described and represented may be applied to the
removable candle sockets of sconces as well as to candlesticks and to the candle holders
of candlesticks and sconces, that is, to the fixed upper cylindrical or tubular portions
of candlesticks and sconces when removable candle sockets are not employed.
When the end of the candle is pressed into the candle holder or candle socket
provided with internally projecting ribs according to my invention the end of the
candle takes upon the said ribs or the ribs are embedded in the candle and the said
candle is thus held very firmly in its place in the candle holder or candle socket of the
candlestick or sconce.
of
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature
my in-
vention and the manner in which the same is to be performed I declare that I claim
as my invention of "An improvement in candle holders and candle sockets of candle-
sticks and sconces."
Making on the tube of the candle holder or candle socket of the candlestick or
sconce a series of internally projecting vertical ribs upon which ribs the end of the
candle takes or are embedded in the candle when the latter is pressed into the candle-
stick or sconce and the said candle thereby securely held, the said ribs being of the
kind and made substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accom-
panying Drawing.
Dated the Tenth day of April 1889.