IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER SIMILAR PLASTIC SUBSTANCES
Year: 1842

page_text: MEMOR
OT ALTERATIO
SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
WILLIAM ETHEREDGE, of Frindsbury, Kent, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Third day of December, in the sixth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Frederick William Etheredge, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege
and authority, that I, the said Frederick William Etheredge, my exors,
adñiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Frederick William
Etheredge, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER
SIMILAR PLASTIC SUBSTANCES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a
proviso that I, the said Frederick William Etheredge, shall cause a par-
ticular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be enrolled in Her said Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Frederick William Etheredge, do hereby declare that the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are
fully described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures
and letters marked thereon, that is to say:
My Invention relates,-First, to certain improvements applied to pug mills,
or such like machines suitable for expressing or forcing clay or brick earth
through orifices in order to form a series of tiles through the same orifice at
one time.
The Invention relates,-Secondly, to applying several orifices, each capable
of making one or more tiles, to the bottom of a pug mill or other machine
capable of expressing clay or brick earth, combined with suitable apparatus
for cutting off the tiles as they are forced through the orifices. And,
Thirdly, my Invention relates to a mode of applying apparatus for receiving
tiles as they are forced down through orifices applied at the bottom of a pug
mill or other suitable machine for expressing or forcing clay' or brick earth
through orifices, and thus facilitating the removal of the tiles as they are
formed and cut off.
And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed,
in the various Figures of which the same letters are used to indicate similar
parts.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents the section of a pug mill and apparatus according to
my Invention; and it will be seen that the pug mill is so arranged in respect
to the framing that the clay may be forced down through the moulding
orifices in a downward direction, and be received below by suitable apparatus,
as hereafter described.
The Drawings No. 2 and No. 3 show some of the parts on a larger scale,
by which their construction will be better understood than in Figure 1. The
nature of each of the various Figures of the Drawings No. 2 and No. 3 being
written thereon, it will not be necessary to repeat them here. a, a, is the pug
mill, which is of an ordinary construction, with the exception of the two lower
knives being on the same plane, and separately it forms no part of my In-
vention. is the axis which receives motion by
a horse or other power;
c, c, are the oblique knives; d is the bottom of the pug mill, which is secured
at the lower end of the pug mill by means of the screw bolts and nuts e, e,

page_text: as shown; or the bottom d may be secured to the pug mill by any other
suitable means, care being observed that as the strain downwards is considerable
in consequence of the escape being only in a perpendicular direction through
the series of moulding orifices, each suitable for making one or more tiles in a
hollow or tubular form. The bottom d is shown to have eight openings;
more or less might, however, be made in the bottom d, for receiving eight
dies or moulding orifices, each combined with suitable core or mandril for
shaping the interior of the tubular or hollow tile, suitable for draining or
other purposes, expressed or forced through each moulding orifice, and over
such core or mandril. The moulding orifices may be of various forms, the
core or mandril in each being suitable for the orifice combined with it; and I
shall hereafter describe different forms of tiles, giving such information as to
the shape of the orifices and cores or mandrils used in making the same as
will enable a workman readily to construct the same or other moulding orifices
or dies and cores or mandrils differing in some degree from those shown; for
I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself to the shapes of tiles
shown, so long as tiles are made according to any part of my Invention as
herein described. f, f, are a series of openings in the bottom d of the pug
mill or other suitable machine for expressing clay or brick earth; these
openings receive dies or moulding orifices 9, and these dies or moulding
orifices are so formed that they may be easily applied and removed, as will
readily be understood on examining the various Figures of the Drawings, such
moulding orifices or dies being so formed as to enter from below through
the bottom d; and when through, by turning them partly round they will be
held secure. In the Drawings I have not thought it necessary to show a die
or moulding orifice g applied to all the openings f,f, of the bottom d, in order
to avoid complexity of drawing. The moulding orifice or die g is formed
suitable for making two bent tiles at one time suitable for draining purposes,
there being knives .h, h, affixed to the core or mandril i, in order nearly to
cut or divido tubular or hollow formed clay into two parts; the two parts
being readily separated when the same are dry; or other arrangements
of instruments may be resorted to for cutting the clay as the tiles are
being progressively formed; and it will be evident that if no knives or other
means of cutting the clay were used, there would be tubular drain-tiles
formed one from each orifice. The core or mandril i is affixed across the
mouth of the die or moulding orifice as is shown, and descends down
below the bottom of the pug mill, as is shown, the clay or brick earth as
it is forced through the moulding orifice, passing over the core or mandril,
and the interior is formed or shaped by the core or mandril i. I would here

page_text: remark, that I am aware that machines have heretofore been made for
forming pipes of clay by means of a moulding orifice and a core, the clay being
forced through by means of a piston, in which cases only one moulding orifice
'has been used in the same machine. And I am aware that pug mills have
before been used with a series of orifices at their bottom or lower end, through
which clay has been forced into moulds, but in such cases the orifices have
not been suitably arranged for making hollow tiles by each opening having a
die or moulding orifice combined with a suitable core or mandril to cause the
clay propelled therethrough to be rendered hollow, as herein described; and one
peculiarity and novelty in the construction of the machinery above described is,
the combining several openings through the bottom of a pug mill (or other
machine capable of expressing clay as herein described), each having a mould-
ing orifice or die, with a core or mandril, so that many hollow tiles may be
expressed therethrough, by which the cost of manufacture will be greatly
reduced. And another peculiarity and novelty in the machinery herein
described is the causing hollow or tubular tiles expressed through orifices to
be divided into two or more parts, so as to make two or more tiles at the
same time by one moulding orifice or die, which will also facilitate and
cheapen the manufacture of bent and other tiles for draining and other
purposes, and also flat tiles for draining and other purposes.
Below the pug
mill is applied apparatus for receiving
the orifices and for cutting them off.
mill, on which is affixed the frame k;
act as guides for the sliding frames 1, 1, as is shown, the frames
receiving an instrument m, which I call a "porter," as it is by these instru-
ments m that the tiles as they are formed are received, and by them the
workman carries them away from the machine. The instruments or
"porters" m have each a handle at the lower part which passes into the
slit of the frame 1, and is thereby held in a vertical position directly below
the core or mandril of one of the moulding orifices, and the "porters" being
rather less than the cores, the tiles as they pass down will readily pass on to
Each of the frames 1 carries a
the "porter" placed under each orifice g.
cutter, consisting of a stretched wire on the ends of the levers P, which
move on axes or necks at in the frame 7, the lower ends of the levers
being combined together by means of a rod or bar, as shown, which rests
under the frame l. n is a handle by which the cutter is caused to move
through the clay at a point between the top of the "porter" and below the
core, as will readily be understood on examining the Drawing Figure 1.
The frames have each a weight o attached thereto by a cord, such cord
the tiles as they are expressed through
j is an upright affixed below the pug
this frame k has eight bars, k, which
each

page_text: passing over a pulley, as is shown; this weight is sufficient to raise the
frame upwards, but is not so heavy as to prevent the clay as it passes down
on to the lower part of the "porter" forcing the frame downwards; and the
workman when the cut has been made removes the "porter therewith, and
replaces such "porter" by another which is carried up by the weight till the
expressed clay through causes it to descend, and in this manner the clay
expressed through the moulding orifices offers a constant supply of tiles on to
the "porters" as they are successively placed in the machine. p is a tank of
water in which the workman dips the "porters" when required.
The Drawing No. 4 shows different shapes of tiles, the form of the moulding
orifices and cores for producing the same being such as to leave spaces similar
in shape to the hollow tiles shown. A shows four flat tiles, produced through
the same orifice at the same time, there being knives affixed in the core, as
above described, which cut nearly through at the points q, q. B shows four
bent tiles, produced through the same orifice at the same time, there being
knives affixed in the core which cut nearly through at the points r, ""; and
in this manner may two or more tiles be made at the same time through the
same orifice, and the shapes of the tiles may differ according to the wish of the
maker.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the best 'means I
am acquainted with for performing the same, I would wish it to be understood
that I do not confine myself to the precise details shown, provided the peculiar
character of either part of my Invention be retained; but what I claim is,-
First, the mode of making two or more tiles at the same time through one
orifice, when clay is being shaped, by passing over a mandril or core, and
through a moulding orifice or die with suitable cutters, as above described.
Secondly, the mode of manufacturing tiles by having several openings
through the bottom of a pug mill (or other suitable machine for expressing
clay or brick earth), each opening having a moulding orifice or die combined
with a core or mandril, so that several tiles may be made at the same time,
as above described. And,
Thirdly, I claim the mode of applying apparatus for receiving tiles moulded
through orifices, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick William Etheredge, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Second day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-three.

page_text: "
In the Matter of a Patent granted to Frederick William Etheredge, of
Frindsbury, Kent, Gentleman, for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER SIMILAR PLASTIC SUBSTANCES,"
bearing date at Westininster, the Third day of December, One
thousand eight hundred and forty-two.
DISCLAIMER to be entered with the Clerk of the Patents of England,
pursuant to an Act passed in the fifth and sixth year of the reign of His
late Majesty King William the Fourth entitled "An Act to Amend
the Law touching Letters Patent for Inventions."
I, the said Frederick William Etheridge, do declare that, since I obtained
the said Letters Patent, I have discovered that the Invention which was
intended to have been described under that part of the title which is contained
in the following words "Bricks," and also the words "and other similar
Plastic Substances," is not of such practical utility as would make it desirable
to retain it in the said Patent; for which reason I am desirous to and do
hereby disclaim all that part of the title which is contained in the following
words "Bricks," and also the words "and other similar Plastic Substances,"
leaving the title simply to be "Improvements in the .Manufacture of Tiles."
"
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, this Second day of
June, One thousand eight hundred and forty-three.
To the Clerk of the Patents of England.
This is to certify that the above-named Frederick William Etheredge, of
Frindsbury, Kent, Gentleman, has applied to me for leave to enter with you
the above-written Disclaimer of part of the title of a certain Invention for
which Letters Patent were duly granted to him under the Great Seal of Great
Britain, dated at Westminster, the Third day of December, 1842; and having
considered of the said application, and no objection having been made to
the same, I have accordingly granted leave to the said Frederick William
Etheredge to file his said Disclaimer, pursuant to the Statute passed in the

page_text: fifth and sixth years of the reign of His late Majesty King William the
Fourth, entituled An Act to Amend the Law touching Letters Patent
for Inventions.
THO
year of our Lord 1843, the aforesaid Frederick William Etheredge came
before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified,
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.