matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINED WALKING STICKS, AND UMBRELLAS OR PARASOLS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Gardner at the Office of the
A communication
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th February 1878.
from abroad by Jean Baptist Roques (Merchant) and François Fonquernie
(Mechanician), of Toulouse, France.
HENRY GARDNER, of No. 40, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agent
and Mechanical Draughtsman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINED WALKING STICKS,
AND UMBRELLAS OR PARASOLS." A communication from abroad by Jean Baptist
Roques (Merchant) and François Fonquernie (Mechanician), of Toulouse, France.
The object of this Invention is a system or arrangement of walking sticks and
umbrellas or parasols combined, the sticks being formed of tubular or hollow cane,
bamboo, or metal closed at one end, the other having removeable handles to enable
the umbrellas or parasols, which fit inside the sticks, to be removed and replaced
when desired.
The sticks or canes when the umbrellas are within them have the appearance of
an ordinary article of that kind.
The umbrella or parasol has the distinctive feature that when closed the joints or
articulations of the stretchers, ribs, and runners lie close, and permit the umbrella
to be rolled up into a small compass for its easy insertion into the hollow cane or
stick, after which the handle of the stick can be fixed in a position by a spring,
button, or catch upon the body of the cane to enable it to be used as a walking stick.
For realising the construction of this system or arrangement it will be understood
that the cane or stick is hollow from end to end, and one of the ends is closed by
a plug on stopper. The other end, near its extremity, has an aperture into which
a stud or a spring can lodge itself, the spring being on the handle, which has also a
ferrule or tubular lining piece to steady and give a solid bearing to it. The handle
has also an outer ring or ferrule to go over the end of the stick, where, by frictional
contact in combination with that of the inner ferrule, one is held firmly to the
other.
The umbrella or parasol has the usual number of ribs and stretchers, preferably 6
or 7 of each. The outer ends of the stretchers are bent, and the extremities are
passed into holes provided for them in the ribs, a button-like head being then

page_text: formed to hold the two together at the middle joint. By this means the ordinary
form of middle joint pieces are suppressed, and the bulginess at that part is
reduced.
The handle may be of copper lined with wood if desired, to give solidity.
The umbrella or parasol thus made is very light in weight, and is compact and
graceful in appearance.
A tip cap is employed upon the umbrella stick to hold the rib tips under it in
the usual manner.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN GLOVES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd May 1878.
A com-
munication from abroad by Eduardo Bossi, of Paris, France.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN GLOVES." [A communication from
abroad by Eduardo Bossi, of Paris, France.]
This Invention relates to an improvement in the manufacture of gloves, and is
illustrated, by way of example, in the accompanying Drawing, in which Figure 1
shows the piece of leather cut out to form the glove; Figure 2 slows the same
folded and sewn; and Figure 3 shows the finished glove with the thumb-piece
sewn in.
a is the piece which forms the glove when folded and sewn, as seen in Figures 2
and 3, a single scam b closing the glove, extending along the palm from the root of
the second and third fingers to the opening c.
The inventor proposes to designate this improved glove the "Albert" glove. It
is made in one piece, with the exception of the fourchettes and thumb, is not more
expensive to make than ordinary gloves, and possesses advantages over the latter,
as they are more durable and fit better, the natural elasticity and flexibility of the
leather not being impeded by a large number of seams.
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE SOLES OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Armer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th September 1878,
MATTHEW ARMER, of Barrow-in-Furness, in the County of Lancaster.
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE SOLES OF BOOTS AND SHOES:"
" IM-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of the soles of boots
and shoes, being chiefly applicable to those used by forgemen, miners, and others
engaged in like occupations; aud consists in interposing between the upper or
inner and lower or outer soles a metal frame of peculiar construction designed to
relieve the pressure and consequent wear and tear upon the leather of the outer
sole. The outer portion of the metal frame (which is of the same outside size and
shape as the inner or upper sole) takes the form of a rib projecting downwardly.
Inside the rib a flange of thin metal projects inwardly from its upper edge, the
flange having perforations, through which are passed the screws, rivets, or pins
employed for securing the frame to the inner sole. Extending from the toe part to
the back of the sole is arranged a central rib, having a flange upon each of its
sides; thus the outer sole is in two divisions or compartments.
Pieces of leather are inserted within the divisions or compartments, and secured
to the inner sole by any of the ordinary methods.
The projecting ribs of the metal frame by receiving the bulk of the pressure
considerably diminish the amount of wear and tear upon the leather, and the
operation of replacing the pieces of leather forming the lower or outer sole, which
may have been cracked by heat or otherwise damaged during use, may be readily
and expeditiously effected.
PROVEMENTS IN THE DRESSING OF THIN LEATHERS, AND MATERIAL FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Immy at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 14th March 1878. [A communication from
abroad by Pierre Jacques, of Heming, France, and Alfred Sauval, of Strasburg,
Alsace.]
"IM-
JOHN IMRAY, of Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex.
PROVEMENTS IN THE DRESSING OF THIN LEATHERS, AND MATERIAL FOR THAT
PURPOSE." [A communication from abroad by Pierre Jacques, of Heming, France,
and Alfred Sauval, of Strasburg, Alsace.]
In the preparation of thin leathers, such as are used for gloves and light shoes,
there is required for one part of the process of dressing a large quantity of the
yolks of eggs, which are very costly. The object of this Invention is to provide
a cheap and easily obtained substitute for this expensive material, the said sub-
stitute being of such a character as not to injure the colour or quality of the
leather treated therewith, but having on the contrary the effect of facilitating the
subsequent processes to which the leather is subjected in rendering soft and supple,
dyeing, or otherwise treating it. For this purpose roots of marsh mallow are cut
into small pieces, or reduced to powder and treated with water, which should be
free from calcareous matters, particularly sulphate of lime, till a mucilage is pro-
duced of a consistency corresponding with that of egg yolks. This mucilage is
then mixed with water, flour, alum, and salt in the same proportions as these are
usually employed with egg yolks to form a dressing, care being taken that there
are no calcareous ingredients in the water used, and that before the addition of the
mucilage the other materials are thoroughly mixed together. The mixture of the
whole, in which the mucilage takes the place of the egg yolks, is then applied in
the usual way as dressing to the skins, that is to say, the skins are agitated in the
fluid by treading or by tumbling them in a drum or other mechanical means
ordinary employed for this purpose.
The mucilage may be obtained from other plants besides the marsh mallow that
give a similar product.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GENTLEMEN'S BRACES OR SUSPENDERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustav Dittmar at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th November 1878. A communication
from Cender Zender, of Berlin, Prussia.
GUSTAV DITTMAR, of Berlin, Prussia. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GENTLEMEN'S BRACES
OR SUSPENDERS." [A communication from Cender Zender, of Berlin, Prussia.]
The gentlemen's braces used till now consist generally of bands in which are cut
button holes to be passed over the buttons sewn to the breeches, whereby the
breeches repose upon the shoulders.
Usually these bands are provided with leather parts to which are fixed leather
straps for buttoning, and a buckle wherewith the leather straps can be placed
higher up or lower down in order to vary the length of the suspenders. The
annoying incommodiousness of buttoning results from this leather construction, and
there is yet another inconvenience, the leather straps often tear and leave the owner
in a sudden perplexity.
I endeavour to avoid these inconveniences and have obtained a satisfactory
result by different constructions.
The systems described hereafter are gentlemen's braces or suspenders made of
elastic bands at which all leather construction and all buttoning are avoided. The
buttons at the breeches are completely done away with and the inconvenience of
fastening torn off buttons will not occur.
The first system of my improved suspenders is provided with hooks made of wire
which enter into flat or circular eyelets sewn to the breeches. Of these hooks the
back one is solidly sewn to the band, and the two hooks of the front side of the
bearer are only slipped over the band, the free end of which is slung round the
middle bar of a buckle which by moving up or down shortens or lengthens
the elastic band according to the want.
Another system, in order to have the breeches suspended in more than one place
by each band similar to the braces of old construction with little straps for
buttoning, is provided with wire books of some length hanging loosely in the

page_text: eyelets of a flat metal loope slipped over the band, or the metal loop is provided with
extending arms, the ends of which are worked out into hooks.
According to a third system, the gentlemen's braces or suspenders are provided
with clamps of springy sheet metal which can be opened or closed by a sliding
strap. The clamp holds the breeches tightly without the help of any arrangement
of fastenings on the breeches in place of the usual buttons.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO THE CON- STRUCTION OF PUDDLING FURNACES AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Waterfield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th October 1878.
WILLIAM HENRY WATERFIELD, of Upper Gornal, in the County of Stafford,
Fire-brick Manufacturer. IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO THE CON-
STRUCTION OF PUDDLING FURNACES AND OTHER FURNACES."
My Invention has for its object the use of Gornal freestone, Gornal silica, and
Gornal sand, in the construction and repairs of puddling furnaces, mill furnaces, ball
furnaces, heating furnaces, and all furnaces used for the purpose of heating and
smelting iron in mills and forges.
And my Invention consists in the adaptation and application of Gornal freestone,
Gornal silica, and Gornal sand, to the construction of the bridges, back walls, sides,
jambs, necks, and flues, of the above-named furnaces in order to enable such parts
or portions of the furnaces to resist more effectually the action of the heat to which
they are exposed in the ordinary use and working of such furnaces.
The said Gornal freestone may be used either in blocks to form the masonry of
the said parts or portions of furnaces, or if preferred it may be ground and mixed
with Gornal silica, and Gornal sand, and formed into bricks, which can be used in
the same manner as the said blocks of freestone.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MOUNTING CARD FILLETS ON CYLINDERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Walton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th January 1878.
WILLIAM WALTON, of the Haughton Dale Mills, Denton, in the County of Lan-
caster, Wire Card Manufacturer. "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MOUNTING
CARD FILLETS ON CYLINDERS."
In mounting card fillets on cylinders it is of the utmost importance for the proper
working of the cards that the fillets should be subjected to a uniform tension while
being mounted.
The improved apparatus for effecting this object consists of a roller, the circum-
ference of which is covered with felt, flannel, or other substance to prevent the
slipping of the card fillet, and to the axle of the roller is fixed a friction pulley or
other friction apparatus. Above the roller are two bars. The card fillet passes
through a guide which is traversed to and fro by means of a lever and a rack and
pinion, or other equivalents. When the card fillet is being wound on the cylinder
it passes first through the guide, then over one of the bars, then under the roller
covered with felt or flannel, the teeth of the card fillet being by preference in contact
with the felt or flannel, then over the second bar, and thence to the cylinder to be
covered.
In some cases a pulley can be used in lieu of the roller covered with felt or
flannel above referred to; the friction apparatus must be connected to the axle of
this pulley, which would be traversed to and fro, thereby dispensing with the guide
described above.
A NEW OR IMPROVED FLUID COMPRESSOR
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Tweeddale at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th January 1878,
WILLIAM TWEEDDALE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain. "A
NEW OR IMPROVED FLUID COMPRESSOR."
This Invention, which relates to a new or improved apparatus for compressing
fluids, consists in the employment of helical screws or spiral blades arranged so as
to draw and force the fluid by virtue of their rotation upon a central axis.
One form of the apparatus consists of a tank or vessel of any suitable shape and
dimensions, divided vertically by a partition, so as to form two distinct and separate
chambers, the first of which is put in communication with the fluid to be drawn or
forced. A shaft extends through the centre of both chambers, and on that part
contained in the first chamber a spur wheel is fixed, gearing with pinions fixed
upon any suitable number of smaller shafts arranged within the first chamber,
round the aforesaid central shaft. Each of these smaller shafts is provided at that
end next the second chamber with a hollow cone, within which a spiral blade is
arranged, the outer and inner edges respectively of which are joined to the internal
periphery of the hollow cone and to the shaft. The said hollow cone is open at
both ends, and the frustrated narrow end of the cone points towards the second
chamber and fits into a step bush or socket, which opens into the second chamber.
The first and second chambers are thus in communication with each other through
the said hollow cones. Within the said second chamber there is a similar but larger
cone formed upon the end of the first power central shaft and fitted in its interior
with a spiral blade, set in a contrary direction to those in the smaller cones in the
first chamber; this difference of set being necessary where the cones in the first and
second chambers revolve in different directions, as in the present instance. The
step bush of the larger cone in the second chamber is placed in communication
with a pipe or passage, by which the compressed fluid passes from the machine.
The mode of operation is as follows:-The central shaft being caused to revolve
by manual or other power, drives the surrounding smaller shafts by means of the
gearing herein-before referred to, and causes the smaller cones and spiral blades to
877

page_text: rotate and draw fluid into the first chamber, and to force the same into the second
chamber, where it is taken up by the larger cone on the end of the central shaft,
and forced along the pipe or passage leading from the apparatus.
It is to be understood, that although two chambers have been described, one
chamber or any greater number than two may be employed; the number of
spiral bladed cones may also be varied at pleasure.
PROVEMENTS IN FURNACE GRATES AND IN APPARATUS FOR LOOSENING CLINKER THEREON."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Caleb Oyler Russell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd August 1878.
"IM-
CALEB OYLER RUSSELL, of Willesborough, in the County of Kent.
PROVEMENTS IN FURNACE GRATES AND IN APPARATUS FOR LOOSENING CLINKER
THEREON."
My Invention relates to an apparatus for loosening the clinker which forms on
the grate bars of steam boiler and other furnaces, and to an improved construction
of grate bars adapted to the requirements of the said apparatus.
It is well known that the formation of clinkers is a serious drawback to steam
boiler and other furnaces, particularly those of portable and locomotive engines, and
when once a mass of vitrified scoriæ forms upon the grate bars it is very trouble-
some and difficult to remove, as owing to the shape and situation of the furnace
door it is almost impossible to apply a tool beneath the obstruction, besides which
a great amount of heat is lost up the chimney so long as the door is kept open for
the purpose.
The object of my apparatus is to enable the clinker to be regularly and frequently
loosened without the necessity of opening the furnace door, and thus prevent the
clinkers adhering with such tenacity to the bars as hitherto.
The apparatus consists of a rock shaft passing transversely across the ash-pit just
beneath the fire-bars, and journalled in suitable brackets or bearings at either end.
Upon the shaft are keyed series of upwardly curved arms, which are disposed
directly beneath the interstices between the fire-bars so that when the shaft is
rocked the arms pass up and along between the bars and so loosen any clinkers
that may have formed thereon and enable them to be readily removed.
The rock shaft is prolonged at one end through the side of the ash-pit, and a hand
lever is applied to this extremity outside the furnace to enable the apparatus to
be used as often as may be necessary without requiring the door to be opened for
the purpose.
The arms above mentioned are in two rows or series extending forwards and
backwards, and both passing in the same interstices between the fire-bars towards
the front and rear part of the grate,

page_text: In order to prevent the fire-bars being warped and twisted by the heat, which
would prevent the proper working of the above-described apparatus, I construct
then as follows:-I cast each fire-bar with a lateral boss at either side at the
middle of its length, through which boss I provide an aperture for the easy passage
of a piece of steam pipe, which is continued through the sides of the fire box, is left
open at the ends and secured by nuts.
The whole set of bars is fixed in position by ferrules which pass through short
pieces of pipe screwed through the water space at the sides of the furnace of an
ordinary portable engine, for instance; the lateral bosses at the middle of the bars
abut together, and the bars thus afford one another mutual support laterally to
prevent warping. They are not however tightened up rigidly, but sufficient play is
allowed to admit of expansion and contraction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AP- PARATUS FOR SCREENING OR SIFTING COAL AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Dixon Bumsted at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st November 1878.
FRANCIS DIXON BUMSTED, of Cannock, Staffordshire.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AP-
PARATUS FOR SCREENING OR SIFTING COAL AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES."
An improved apparatus for screening or sifting coal (or other substances for
which it may be suitable) more quickly, effectually, with less breakage (in the case
of coal), & loss height is required from point to point, i.c., from point where the
coal is received to point where delivered.
1st. The improvement, which causes the coal &c. to be sifted more effectually, &
with less breakage of the coal in sifting, & with less height, consist in making the
bars & bottom plates of screen curved instead of straight or at angles, whereby the
coal is prevented from passing over the bars so quickly as is usual, therefore
giving more time for the small pieces of coal &c. to pass through or between the
bars, which I explain as follows:-The curve may commence at the top of screen or
otherwise (according as the substance to be screened requires) & is made so as to
cause the coal &c. to roll or slide along the screen plates at a quick speed immediately
it is placed on the screen plates until it reaches the bars at which point the curve
is made to lessen the speed of coal as it slides the nearer it reaches the end of
bars, by which curve the natural increasing speed that the coal would have when
sliding upon a straight screen placed at an angle in the usual way would be pre-
vented & the coal can thus be caused to stop gradually if necessary by means of the
curve at the end of screen. Thus by means of the curve the coal is a longer time
in contact with the bars & is screened more effectually, with less breakage at the
delivery end on account of the motion being slower.
2nd. The coal is screened more quickly on account of the arrangement of the
circular & revolving cage into which the tubs or trucks of coal are placed for tipping
into screen. This cage is called a "tipler," & my improvement consists in providing
means for the tub or truck to pass out of tipler (after having been emptied) at the
Dans 271
AN IMPROVED AND COMBINED TIPPET, BOA, AND MUFF
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Charles Henderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th October 1878. A com-
munication from abroad by Felix Joungmann, Furrier, of the City of Paris,
in the Republic of France.
ARTHUR CHARLES HENDERSON, of 6, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVED AND COMBINED TIPPET, BOA,
AND MUFF." A communication from abroad by Folix Joungmann, Furrier, of the
City of Paris, in the Republic of France.
The features of novelty in this Invention consist in the triple union and combi-
nation of tippet, boa, and muff, so as to form one single article. The tippet covering
the shoulders, the boa surrounding the neck, and the muff for inserting the hands.
Up to the present time these three articles have been quite distinct, but by the
present method of manufacture the advantages of each are combined in one single
article.
The tippet terminates in two long and wide ends formning the boa, or by a still
further continuation is made to surround the bottom of the skirt, dress, or costume,
and so form a border to it or trimming, whilst in the two ends of the bon near the
waist are two fur-lined pockets running crossways and elongated muff form; these
pockets or muffs are made between the skin and the lining.
The whole is made of fur, the tippet is fastened round the neck by hook and eye
or button loop and cord terminating in fur or other tassels, it is fur-lined and
fastens down the front in a similar manner.
When applied to costumes, this article is connected thereto either by sewing,
hooking, or some equivalent method.
A NEW OR IMPROVED WEIGHING APPA- RATUS, BALANCE, OR STEELYARD."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th February 1878. A communi-
cation from abroad by Jean Baptiste Bassié, of Paris, France, Merchant.
$6
WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, London, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. A NEW OR IMPROVED WEIGHING APPA-
RATUS, BALANCE, OR STEELYARD." A communication from abroad by Jean
Baptiste Bassić, of Paris, France, Merchant.
This new balance or weighing machine, which the inventor terms a steelyard,
because like the steelyard it requires no weights for weighing, offers this advantage,
that it performs at the same time the functions of a balance and of a steelyard,
with this distinction, that the tare of any article may he instantaneously ascer-
tained by means of a piece which advances or recedes at will. The tare being once
known, assuming that it is desired to first weigh a receiver, the action of a cursor
or slider on the beam of the balance indicates by stopping upon a dial the total
weight placed on the balance.
This new or improved balance or weighing machine will be better understood by
reference to the accompanying Sheet of Drawing.
The pillar or standard A carries the bearing B supporting the other parts of the
balance. C acts as the lever or beam; D is the plate or scale pan of the balance;
E, stand supporting the balance and enclosing the bottom pieces; F, parallel equi-
poise receiving the balance blades at the end of the beam supporting the scale, and
at the bottom united by a horizontal piece K with the pillar A; G, balance blade
of the bean resting on the bearing B; H, balance blade at the end of the beam
resting on the parallel equipoise F; I, piece screwed into the pillar A for the
purpose of receiving the piece K; J, piéce attached to the parallel equipoise F to
receive the end of the piece K, which connects the axis of the balance with the
parallel equipoise F; L, point upon which rests the middle of the piece K;

page_text: M, cursor or slider moveable from end to end of the lever or beam C, and giving
motion to a dial, which indicates the weight; N, graduated dial worked by the
slider M; O, various indexes indicating the weight. The dial is moved by a
pinion P fitted to the slider M, and gearing with the beam C, which is toothed;
Q, knob for handling the slider M; R, tare of the balance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTORS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julius Frederic William Erhardt at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th July 1878.
A com-
munication from abroad by Paul Scharff, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia.
JULIUS FREDERIC WILLIAM ERHARDT, of Bloomsbury, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTORS." [A communication from abroad by Paul Scharff,
of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia.]
This Invention relates to an improved castor, applicable to various kinds of
furniture and pianos.
According to this Invention the vertical pivot of the castor is mounted upon a
circular plate, which is screwed to the article of furniture, the said plate being pro-
vided on its under side with a circular groove, in which the horns carrying the
roller revolve around the pivot. In this manner a large bearing surface is provided
which affords a firmer support and increased stability to the article of furniture than
when the weight overhangs the roller, as in ordinary castors. Moreover all
liability of damage to the furniture leg or other part from this cause is avoided ;
upright pianos and articles of furniture with a similar narrow base being especially
subject to this disadvantage.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing is a vertical section, and Figure 2 an
under side plan of the improved castor.
a, circular plate or table; b, screw holes for fixing the plate to the furniture;
c, pivot rivetted to plate a; d, roller; e, roller axis; f, f, horns; g, boss of same,
revolving freely upon pivot c between plate a & head h; i, circular groove on the
under side of plate a; j, rim of horns f, f, made of corresponding form to and
running in groove i, which serves as a guide therefor.
PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF PAPER AND PARCHMENT, WHEREBY ERASURES FROM WRITINGS THEREON CAN BE DETECTED BY THE EYE."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Napoleon Joseph Heckmann at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th August 1878.
NAPOLEON JOSEPH HECKMANN, of Loughton, in the County of Essex.
PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF PAPER AND PARCHMENT, WHEREBY ERASURES
FROM WRITINGS THEREON CAN BE DETECTED BY THE EYE."
" IM-
The improvements are to be performed by placing in the size (used in the finishing
process of paper making) equal parts of prussiate of potash and sulphuret of
ammonia in the proportion of six ounces of each to every gallon of size. The paper
or parchment will be passed through this solution and finished as in making ordinary
paper; any color or tint can be added as at present.
The attempt to erase writing or to make any erasure from paper or parchment
so treated will be strikingly apparent to the eye by the discoloration of the
paper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TAILORS' MEASURING TOOLS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Williamson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th July 1878. A. communication from
abroad by Etham Osborn Thompson, of Philadelphia, in the United States of
America, Merchant Tailor.
JOHN WILLIAMSON, of 93, Drury Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Publisher.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TAILORS' MEASURING TOOLS." A. communication from abroad
by Ethan Osborn Thompson, of Philadelphia, in the United States of America,
Merchant Tailor.
The Invention relates to an improvement in the construction of tailors' measuring
tools, and it consists of an instrument or tool by the aid of which the horizontal
through measures, as well as all other straight measures, of the human body or other
figure may be readily and accurately determined.
The instrument or tool consists, as shewn in the accompanying Drawing, of a rigid
bar A, which may be made of wood or other suitable material, to which are
attached at right angles two parallel arms B and C, projecting on one side of the
bar a sufficient distance to measure any object desired, and on the other side it is
convenient but not essential that these arms should extend sufficiently to form
rigid handles, by which the entire instrument may be manipulated. One of these
arms B is in the accompanying Drawing intended to be shown as fixed at the end
of the bar A, while the other arm C is intended to be shown as moveable either to
the right or left, sliding along the bar in grooves, so that the two arms can be
brought close together or moved apart to the length of the bar, always remaining
parallel, and kept steady by means of projecting pieces (f. g.) which move in
grooves, into which they are made to fit accurately, and which grooves run the
whole length of the bar A. The arm B is fastened to the bar by means of a screw,
and a screw at the other end of the bar operates as a stop to prevent the arm C
from sliding off, but both these screws may be removed and the arms taken off for
convenience of packing and transportation, or the instrument may be so constructed
that both the arms may be moveable or either at pleasure. Upon each or upon
either of the arms as well as upon the bar measures are marked.
In the bar and upon one or both of the arms spirit levels are inserted in the
direction of their length, as indicated in the Drawing by the letters D and E. The

page_text: two levels must be at right angles to each other, so that the instrument may be
easily brought to a true horizontal position.
In the drafting, cutting, and fitting of garments for the human figure it is an
object to have accurate horizontal through measures of the same in all directions, as
well that the garment may be made properly to fit the figure, as that irregularities
of the form, whether of body or limb, which are incident to all such figures, may be
detected, accurately measured, and duly allowed for. This object is attained by
the instrument or tool above described, and its use is not confined to the measure-
ment of the human body, but it may be employed to measure any other figure as
desired.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF CARRIER FOR LATHES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Timmins, of Barrow-in-Furness, in the County of
Lancaster, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF CARRIER
FOR LATHES."
Sealed the 18th April 1879, and dated the 11th December 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Timmins at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th December 1878.
JOHN TIMMINS, of Barrow-in-Furness, in the County of Lancaster.
PROVED CONSTRUCTION OF CARRIER FOR LATHES."
"AN IM-
According to my present Invention I construct a lathe carrier or driver as
follows: Two ring shaped metal cheeks situated a small distance apart are con-
nected at their periphery by a flange with which they are formed in one casting, by
preference of cast steel, and carry between them a lever pivotted on a pin secured
to the cheeks. The outer end of this lever projects some distance, and serves as the
part of the carrier against which the driving pin of the lathe bears, while the inner
end projecting across the central hole or eye of the cheeks is formed with two
angular faces which bear against two points of the bar or rod to be operated upon
in the lathe, such bar being passed through the eye of the cheeks. This eye being
formed with two angular faces at a point opposite the angular faces of the gripping
lever, it will be seen that when a pressure is put upon the outer end of the latter
by the driving pin, the bar to be operated upon will be gripped firmly between the
angular faces of the lever and those of the cheeks, so as to be carried round thereby,
and the grip will be self adjusting, that is to say, it will increase in proportion as
the pressure that the driving pin exerts on the lever increases,

page_text: By preference the angular faces of the two cheeks against which the bar bears
are also connected by a metal flange cast in one therewith, so as to afford two broad
angular surfaces instead of the four narrow ones on the separate cheeks. Also, in
order to hold the lever to its work, in case of any back lash, a setting screw or pin
is provided in the cheeks at the back of the lever.
The above described improved construction of carrier has the advantage over the
ordinary screw carrier that it does not mark the bar operated upon, and conse-
quently does not require packing pieces when turning bright work, that there are
four points of contact instead of only three, and that owing to its simplicity of
action there is a saving of time in fixing the work.

page_text: gripped firmly between angular faces formed on the inner end of the lever, and the
hole in the ring shaped piece, substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Timmins, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Seventh day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy nine.
JOHN TIMMINS. (L.S.)
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR DYEING ANIMAL SUBSTANCES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Newton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th May 1878. A communication
from abroad by Jean Baptiste Motte Dewawrin, of the Firm of Lambotti and
Company, Merchants, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR DYEING
ANIMAL SUBSTANCES." [A communication from abroad by Jean Baptiste Motte
Dewawrin, of the Firm of Lambotti and Company, Merchants, of Paris, in the
Republic of France.]
This Invention has for its object to dye in various shades of colour animal
substances containing sulphur, and particularly textile materials, oither in a manu-
factured or unmanufactured state.
The improved process consists in the use of oxides or metallic hydrates (according
to the colour it is desired to produce) dissolved in a slightly concentrated caustic
alkaline bath, the strength of which should not in general exceed 10 degrees of
Beaume's areometer, and frequently should be even below that mark.
The operation is carried on cold, or rather at the temperature of the surrounding
atmosphere, as at the temperature of about 100° Fahr. the dyeing operation
would not be uniform and regular. It is in fact essential to moderate the chemical
re-action due to the contact of the agents employed with the substances to be dyed
in order to ensure the preservation of these substances, the uniformity or regularity
of the shade in the macerating bath itself, and consequently the commercial and
practical success of the process.
The quantity of the metallic oxides used may vary, but it is desirable that it
should always be at least sufficient to saturate the sulphur contained in the fibrous
substance of animal origin. As to the tone (more or less deep) of the shade of
colour it will be in proportion to the length of time the animal substance remains
immersed in the bath, and will also in some measure depend upon the temperature
and amount of concentration of the latter.

page_text: The dyed substance upon being removed from the dye bath is rinced in cold
water in order to remove any excess of caustic alkali; the colour may then be
fixed, and in fact intensified by subjecting the substance to a temperature of about
212° Fahr., either in boiling water (which is preferred), or in hot gases, or in any
other convenient manner.
5
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF SECURING SHIPS' CABLES, HAWSERS, OR OTHER ROPES AND CHAINS BEARING A PULLING STRAIN
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Archer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th May 1878.
THOMAS ARCHER, junior, of the Dunston Engine Works, Dunston, in the County
of Durham, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF SECURING SHIPS'
CABLES, HAWSERS, OR OTHER ROPES AND CHAINS BEARING A PULLING STRAIN."
The appliances usually employed on board ship for securing a cable while engaged
in holding the ship to her moorings or anchorage have been found to present features
or characteristics highly detrimental to the endurance of the cable, endangering in
some cases the safety of the vessel. These defects are due in a great measure to
the nip or grip upon the rope or chain being of a rigid and unyielding nature, and
its efforts or energies concentrated upon a narrow band or circumference of the
cable.
The object of my Invention is to remedy these evils, for which
I substi-
purpose
tute, in lieu of the ordinary contrivance, a carriage of metal or of other suitable
material, bolted or otherwise securely fastened to the ship's deck, and in a conveni-
ent position between the hawse hole and the capstan or winch. This carriage
receives in a groove a pair of nippers formed of two longitudinal jaws, through
which the cable passes on its way to the capstan.
The jaws or nippers are able to move or slide to a reasonable extent backward
and forward in the said groove, but regain their central or normal position by the
action or re-action of strong springs inserted between the frame of the carriage,
which acts as the abutment, and a shoulder projecting from the nipper. These
springs give to the nippers an elasticity in the direction of the strain upon the rope,
which elasticity preserves the cable from the injurious action of sudden jerks and
strains occurring while the vessel is riding in a heavy sea.
The interior of the jaws are lined with copper, zinc, or Muntz inetal, or other soft
material, and the jaws are made to approach each other and thereby grip the cable
by means of a set screw or clamping screw.

page_text: Upon the sliding portion of my apparatus for securing ships' cables, hawsers, or
other ropes and chains bearing a pulling strain an index hand may be attached,
which passing over a properly graduated scale fixed upon the station carriage of
the said apparatus would indicate to the observer the amount of strain borne by the
cable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ALBUMENOUS BISCUITS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Taylor, of Preston, near Brighton, in the County of
Sussex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
ALBUMENOUS BISCUITS."
Sealed the 13th December 1878, and dated the 26th July 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Taylor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th July 1878.
JOHN TAYLOR, of Preston, near Brighton, in the County of Sussex.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ALBUMENOUS BISCUITS."
"IMPROVE-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of albumenous
biscuits for use as human and animal food.
The biscuits are composed of the liquor in which the best joints of beef are
stewed for about seven hours, then mixed with the best wheaten flour, made up,
and afterwards baked.
The refuse obtained from the boiled beef is mixed according to my improvements
with common flour for the manufacture of dog biscuits and other animal food.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Taylor in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th January
1879.
JOHN TAYLOR, of Preston, near Brighton, in the County of Sussex.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ALBUMENOUS BISCUITS."
"IMPROVE-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of albumenous
biscuits for use as human and animal food by utilizing the refuse liquor obtained
from the boiling of bones and other refuse animal matter of bone-boiling works,
such liquor having hitherto been regarded as waste and thrown away.
The biscuits for human food are composed of the liquor in which the best or
most suitable joints of beef are stewed for about seven hours; the liquor is then
mixed with the best wheaten or other flour and made up into biscuits, being after-
wards baked, as is well understood in making other biscuits.
The bones and other refuse obtained from the above-described process, together
with fresh butchers' bones, viz., fresh common bones, clods, rump bones, and other
refuse parts are stewed for about twelve hours, and afterwards strained and pressed.
The liquor is then mixed with common flour for the manufacture of albumenous
dog biscuits and other animal food. When the liquor and flour are mixed and
made up into paste or dough the biscuits may be cut out or moulded by machinery
or otherwise, and baked in the manner well understood in the manufacture of
ordinary biscuits.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of performing
or carrying the same into practice, what I claim is, the improved manufacture of
albumenous biscuits by utilizing the refuse and other liquor obtained from the
boiling of bones and other animal matter by mixing it with wheaten and other
flour, and making the compound up into biscuits for use as human and animal food
substantially in the manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Taylor, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty-first day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-nine.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC BEDSTEADS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel George Bott at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th May 1878.
SAMUEL GEORGE BOTT, of Smallheath, near Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Machinist. "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC BEDSTEADS."
My first improvement relates to the side and end rails of metallic bedsteads.
Heretofore these have been of angle iron, or of solid metal, but by my Invention
hollow tubes are instead thereof substituted, by means of which the bedstead itself
is at once stronger and lighter, a considerable saving of metal is effected in its
manufacture, and a corresponding saving of cost effected in its production.
According to my Invention a tongue is caused to come directly from the centre
of the corner of the bedstead; through this tongue there is drilled or otherwise
formed a horizontal hole or aperture. The end of the tube which is to form the
side rail is now fitted over the said tongue, and there being provided a corresponding
hole or aperture in the said tube a tapered pin is passed through both, and is kept
locked by a small fly nut. The side rails are thus each of them safely secured in
their positions, and the same arrangement may be carried into effect with the end
rails, but these are not always necessarily fitted with the locking apparatus herein-
before described as applied to the side rails.
My other improvement relates to the studs which hold in their position tho
metallic laths with which a bedstead is provided.
The said studs are generally permanently attached to the frame of the bedstead,
but according to my Invention they are allowed to slide within the hollow of the
tubular side and end rails before described until they fall into their proper positions,
which are denoted by small notches or slots cut in the said tubular rails, and rest
therein.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO THE MANUFACTURE OF BANDS OR BELTS FOR DRIVING MACHINERY AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Bibby Jones, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO
THE MANUFACTURE OF BANDS OR BELTS FOR DRIVING MACHINERY AND
OTHER PURPOSES."
Sealed the 13th December 1878, and dated the 31st July 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Bibby Jones at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st July 1878.
"IMPROVE-
ROBERT BIBBY JONES, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
MENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO THE MANUFACTURE OF BANDS OR BELTS FOR
DRIVING MACHINERY AND OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to the manufacture of bands or belts for driving machinery,
elevating grain, creeping cloths, or for any other purposes for which flax or cotton
banding is now used.
Flax or cotton banding as at present manufactured is made from flax or cotton
canvas or other like material, folded in layers as required for the desired width of
the band or belt. After folding, the layers of the band or belt are stitched together
by the sewing machine. The band or belt is afterwards finished by oiling, painting,
varnishing, or like treatment.
The improvements which constitute this my present Invention consist in increasing
the strength of the warp, or longitudinal fibres, or yarns over the weft or cross fibres
or yarns of the flax, cotton, or other substance of which the material is woven, which
when folded and stitched forms the band or belt. By so weaving the material of
which the band or belt is made I increase the strength in any proportion that may
be required, and thus give the bands a greater longitudinal strength than has hereto-
TD 021

page_text: fore been obtained by using ordinary woven material, such increased strength being
of greater advantage as being given in the direction of the strain to which the band
or belt is subjected. I thus obtain a greater strength in the band or belt to
transmit power.
A band or belt manufactured according to my Invention may be finished by
painting, oiling, or varnishing, or a covering of leather, rubber, or other substance
may be sewn on to the band or belt, or made to adhere to the band or belt to
enable it to withstand friction.
MENTS ON ROTARY PUMPS AND ON EXHAUSTORS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Bredo at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th March 1878.
RICHARD BREDO, Chef Engineer, of M. Gladbach, Gerinan Empire.
MENTS ON ROTARY PUMPS AND ON EXHAUSTORS."
"IMPROVE-
The casing in which the rotary piston revolves is formed with an inlet on one
side and an outlet on the opposite side; there is a partition between both, and
against this the circular body of the piston works with a good fit. The piston is
fitted with a sliding feather on cach side, and these feathers are pushed out of an
india-rubber tube in the hollow interior of the piston instead of springs, as here-
tofore used in such or similar rotary pumps and exhausters.
The piston revolves concentrically in the casing, which is so much larger as to
leave a space for the fluid all round, except at the aforesaid partition. On the
outlet side there are one or more ribs for gradually pressing the sliding feather
into the piston body and the inlet side one or more ribs for more suddenly
releasing the feather and letting it take its bearing against the circular part of the
casing.
The ribs and other parts are, by preference, so proportioned that the acting
pressure area of the piston is always the same.
The body of the piston has at each end a flange, which works with a good fit
circumferentially in the casing, thus avoiding the grinding in of the piston ends
against the ends of the casing, as heretofore usual.
To prevent action in the wrong direction the piston may be fitted with a pawl
wheel, and the cover of the casing with a pawl.