Improvements in Cylinders and Pistons.
Year: 1890

page_text: Belgium),
Date of Application (in United Kingdom), 16th Apr., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 19th July, 1890-Accepted, 6th Sept., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Cylinders and Pistons.
I, PAUL HENRI MAYOR, of 12 St. Pierre, Lausanne, Switzerland, Dentist, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object Improvements in the Cylinders and Pistons of
pumps, steam engines and gas or hot air motors and the like.
It consists in having a bell shaped piston with an outer and inner cylinder having
the double advantage of being perfectly tight, and preventing almost entirely the
friction of the piston against the walls of the cylinder.
I use with this piston an obturating liquid contained in a chamber or space formed
between the outer and inner cylinders. I thus prevent all communication between
the two chambers of the cylinder one of which is situated above and the other below
the piston.
Preferably I use as an obturating liquid, viscous substances such as glycerine, castor
oil, tar, molasses, or the like.
a common vertical axis. These three
The annexed drawing shows a vertical section of my improved arrangement.
A B C are three concentric cylinders having
cylinders are closed at the top by covers ƒ ƒ¹ƒ³.
The two cylinders A and C are fixed and form between them an annular chamber
or space R. The intermediate or bell shaped cylinder B is moveable and can travel
without friction between the two fixed cylinders.
In the present description I shall call the cylinder B "the piston" and describe
under the name of "cylinder" the two fixed cylinders A and C.
The space or annular chamber R formed between the cylinders A and C is closed
at the bottom at a in any desirable manner. The space R is divided vertically by the
piston B into two chambers. It is filled up to n n' with the obturating liquid of
which I have previously spoken. S S' are the variable free spaces between the cover
of the piston B and the covers ff' of the fixed cylinders A and C. 9 is a rod attached
in any suitable manner to the cover of the moveable cylinder or piston; it passes
through the covers ff and serves as guide to the piston which can thus only move
parallel to its axis. This rod is jointed to the end of the connecting rod 6 of the
machine. In some cases I do not prolong the rod g below the cover f" of the
piston.
It will be remarked that the walls of the fixed cylinders A and C are so formed as
to produce at one point an enlargement T of the chamber R. and at other points
narrow passages V V¹.
e is a pipe furnished with a suitable cock and a funnel for introducing the obturator
liquid into the space R.
d is a tube suitably closed for emptying the chamber R.
001 are openings made in the cover of the fixed cylinders for the entrance and exit
of the fluids or liquids under pressure.
The vertical movement of the piston B between the two fixed cylinders A and C
should be effected without there being any friction with the walls of these cylinders.
Price &d

page_text: The enlarged portion T should be so placed and have such a height that during the
working of the machine the oscillations of the obturating liquid should take place
entirely within this portion.
The obturating liquid contained in the chamber R prevents all communication
between the two portions S and S₁ of the cylinder. When the pipes e and d are
closed there will also be no communication between the interior of the cylinder and
the outer air.
In a steam engine for example the steam will be alternately admitted to and
exhausted from the spaces above and below the piston through the orifices 0 and 0¹
and will produce the to and fro movement of the piston as in an ordinary steam
engine.
The pressure of the steam acts also alternately upon the columns of liquid in the
chambers and which oscillate at the same time as the piston, the column
direction of the course of the piston and the column in the reverse direction.
2"
in the
If the oscillations of the obturating liquid never extend lower than the lower
portion m of the piston, the steam cannot in any way pass from one side to the other.
The height mi of the piston must therefore be at least equal to the length of its stroke
together with the length of an oscillation of the liquid.
So as not to give to the piston and cylinder an exaggerated length the length of
these oscillations should be diminished as much as possible. For this object I give a
variable length to the space R because the length of these oscillations diminishes in
direct proportion to the width of the portion T and at the same time inversely to that
of the narrowed parts V VI, provided however that the movement of the level of the
liquid takes place entirely within the portion T.
Dated this 16th day of April 1890.
CARPMAEL & CO.,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Cylinders and Pistons.
I, PAUL HENRI MAYOR, of 12 St. Pierre, Lausanne, Switzerland, Dentist, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention has for its object Improvements in the Cylinders and Pistons of
pumps, steam engines and gas or hot air motors and the like.
It consists in having a bell shaped piston with an outer and inuer cylinder having
the double advantage of being perfectly tight, and preventing almost entirely the
friction of the piston against the walls of the cylinder.
I use with this piston an obturating liquid contained in a chamber or space formed
between the outer and inner cylinders. I thus prevent all communication between
the two chambers of the cylinder one of which is situated above and the other below
the piston.
Preferably I use as an obturating liquid, viscous substances such as glycerine, castor
oil, tar, molasses, or the like.
The drawing annexed to my Provisional Specification shows a vertical section of my
improved arrangement.
A B C are three concentric cylinders having a common vertical axis. These three
cylinders are closed at the top by covers fff".
The two cylinders A and C are fixed and form between them an annular chamber
or space R. The intermediate or bell shaped cylinder B is moveable and can travel
without friction between the two fixed cylinders.
In the present description I shall call the cylinder B "the piston" and describe
under the name of "cylinder" the two fixed cylinders A and C.
The space or annular chamber R formed between the cylinders A and C is closed at
the bottom at a in any desirable manner. The space R is divided vertically by

page_text: the piston B into, two chambers. It is filled up to n n with the obturating
liquid of which I have previously spoken. S S¹ are the variable free spaces between
the cover of the piston B and the covers f₁ of the fixed cylinders A and C. g is a
rod attached in any suitable manner to the cover f¹ of the moveable cylinder or
piston; it passes through the covers ffl and serves as guide to the piston which can
thus only move parallel to its axis. This rod 9 is jointed to the end of the connecting
rod b of the machine. In some cases I do not prolong the rod g below the cover fil
of the piston.
It will be remarked that the walls of the fixed cylinders A and C are so formed as
to produce at one point an enlargement T of the chamber R and at other points
narrow passages V V¹.
e is a pipe furnished with a suitable cock and a funnel for introducing the obturator
liquid into the space R.
d is a tube suitably closed for emptying the chamber R.
00' are openings made in the cover of the fixed cylinders for the entrance and exit
of the fluids or liquids under pressure.
The vertical movement of the piston B between the two fixed cylinders A and C
should be effected without there being any friction with the walls of these cylinders.
The enlarged portion T should be so placed and have such a height that during the
working of the machine the oscillations of the obturating liquid should take place
entirely within this portion.
The obturating liquid contained in the chamber R prevents all communication
between the two portions S and S¹ of the cylinder. When the pipes e and d are
closed there will also be no communication between the interior of the cylinder and
the outer air.
In a steam engine. for example the steam will be alternately admitted to and
exhausted from the spaces above and below the piston through the orifices O and O₁
and will produce the to and fro movement of the piston as in an ordinary steam
engine.
The pressure of the steam acts also alternately upon the columns of liquid in the
chambers and which oscillate at the same time as the piston, the column in the
direction of the course of the piston and the column in the reverse direction.
If the oscillations of the obturating liquid never extend lower than the lower
portion m of the piston, the steam cannot in any way pass from one side to the other.
The height mi of the piston must therefore be at least equal to the length of its
stroke together with the length of an oscillation of the liquid.
To avoid giving to the piston and cylinder an inconvenient length the amplitude of
these oscillations should be diminished as much as possible. For this object I give a
varying width to the space R for the length of these oscillations diminishes in direct
proportion to the width of the portion T and at the same time inversely to that of the
narrowed parts V V¹, beneath provided however that the movement of the level of
the liquid takes place entirely within the portion T.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is ;-
1. In steam engines, pumps and motors, the combination of two cylinders con-
centrically fixed, closed at one end and a cylinder also closed at one end, forming a
moveable bell serving as a piston and working between the two fixed cylinders.
2. The special arrangement of the sides of the fixed cylinders, with capacities of
varying width receiving an obturating liquid between these cylinders.
3. Apparatus substantially as described and represented by the annexed drawings.
JT... 1000
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.