IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES AND IN PULVERIZING LAND
Year: 1852

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
MOSES POOLE, of the Patent Office, London, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by
Her Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster the
Sixth day of July One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the six-
teenth year of Her reign, did for Herself, Her Heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me the said Moses Poole, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege, and
authority, that I, the said Moses Poole, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Moses Poole, my executors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the town of Berwick upon Tweed, the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES AND IN
PULVERIZING LAND," communicated to me by a certain Foreigner
residing abroad; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso
that I, the said Moses Poole, shall cause a particular description of
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, by an instrument in writing under my.hand and seal, to be

page_text: enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Moses Poole, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being
had to the drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon; that is to say,
The Invention consists, First, of an improved method of arranging the
cutters of reaping and mowing machines, whereby they are rendered less
liable to become choked by the stalks or portions of corn, grass, or
other matters getting between the blades or cutting instruments and the
supporting points or guards:
Secondly, the Invention consists of a peculiarly constructed roller or
clod crusher, in the formation of which I employ several thin metal
.discs, which are kept at suitable distances apart on an axis by rings or
other suitable instruments. The depth to which the several discs enter
the earth is governed by wheels which run on the land. To this appa-
ratus are applied scrapers or knives, of suitable forms and dimensions,
to enter between the discs to remove from them the earth which is cut
and raised by them.
.
enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Moses Poole, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being
had to the drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon; that is to say,
The Invention consists, First, of an improved method of arranging the
cutters of reaping and mowing machines, whereby they are rendered less
liable to become choked by the stalks or portions of corn, grass, or
other matters getting between the blades or cutting instruments and the
supporting points or guards:
Secondly, the Invention consists of a peculiarly constructed roller or
clod crusher, in the formation of which I employ several thin metal
discs, which are kept at suitable distances apart on an axis by rings or
other suitable instruments. The depth to which the several discs enter
the earth is governed by wheels which run on the land. To this appa-
ratus are applied scrapers or knives, of suitable forms and dimensions,
to enter between the discs to remove from them the earth which is cut
and raised by them.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS A.
Figure 1, is a plan, and Figure 2, a slide view of a reaping machine,
having the improvements applied thereto; Figure 3, is a section of part
of the apparatus on a larger scale; Figure 4, is another section of
similar parts of a reaping machine as heretofore constructed: a, is the
cutter-rod, or bar, which receives a quick reciprocating motion by means
of the crank axle; b, b, are the guards which have recesses c, formed in
them, into which such portions of the corn, grass, or other materials
being cut may pass, and which, without such provision, would tend to
clog or choak the cutters and their guards 6; the recesses c, are at all
times cleared of any such materials by the action of the projections a
Figure 1, is a plan, and Figure 2, a slide view of a reaping machine,
having the improvements applied thereto; Figure 3, is a section of part
of the apparatus on a larger scale; Figure 4, is another section of
similar parts of a reaping machine as heretofore constructed: a, is the
cutter-rod, or bar, which receives a quick reciprocating motion by means
of the crank axle; b, b, are the guards which have recesses c, formed in
them, into which such portions of the corn, grass, or other materials
being cut may pass, and which, without such provision, would tend to
clog or choak the cutters and their guards 6; the recesses c, are at all
times cleared of any such materials by the action of the projections a,

page_text: fixed to the under side of the cutter-bar a. The arrows in the drawings
Figures 3, and 4, denote the directions in which the materials escape,
and it is the having of the recess c, which constitutes the improvement
of this machine. Figure 5, is a plan, and Figure 6, a side view of a
machine constructed according to this Invention, suitably arranged for
cutting or mowing grass: a, a, is the framing; b, b, are the running
wheels by which the machine is carried, and are fixed on an axis c.
This machine is worked by a crank handle at d, on the shaft or axis e,
carried by the standards a'; of the framing; on the shaft or axis e, is a
bevelled toothed wheel f, taking into and driving the bevelled pinion g,
on the crank axis h, working in bearings attached to the framing a;
the crank axis h, is connected to one end of the bar i, by the connecting
rod j; the bar i, vibrates on a fixed centre k, and at its outer end is
connected by a pin l, to the cutter-rod; and thus is motion given to the
cutting instruments, which, with their supporting points or guards, are
similar to those described in respect to Figure 3, therefore need no
further description. On the shaft or axis e, a band wheel m, is affixed,
around which and another band wheel n, on the axis c, a band is passed,
by means of which the machine is caused to travel forward as it
performs its work. The novelty of this machine is its general com-
bination, as shown.
I will now describe the second part of the Invention.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING B.
Figure 1, is a plan, Figure 2, a side view, and Figure 3, a back view
of a machine constructed according to the second part of the Invention,
which has for its object the pulverizing of land, by causing the land to
be cut and raised by a series of parallel discs, and removed therefrom
by scrapers a, a, is the framing, having shafts b, b, firmly fixed thereto,
by which to attach the horses or cattle; c, c, are a series of thin metal
discs, which are shown as placed at regular intervals; this may be varied,
and they may be at different distances. The discs are kept in their
proper positions on the axis d, by rings or washers e, e, of less diameter
than the discs c, c; f,f, are the wheels which govern the extent that the
discs c, c, shall enter the earth; 9, 9, are a series of knives or scrapers

page_text: attached to a cross piece of the framing, as shown, and are firmly
secured in their positions by bolts and nuts, which pass through slotted
holes in the cross framing, the slots admitting of the cutters or scrapers
being adjusted properly, by being brought closer to the washers or rings
e, e, or farther from them, as found necessary. The discs, may, if desired,
be placed in sets at regular or irregular intervals on the axis, and the
earth scraped from between the discs removed by scrapers such as are
shown, or their shape and position may be varied. The novelty of this
machine consists of the combined use of parallel discs and scrapers, the
depth to which the discs descend into the land being controlled by the
wheels on the land.
In witness whereof, I, the said Moses Poole, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of January in the year of our
T
MOSES POOLE. (L.S.)
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, That on the Fourth day of January
in the year of our Lord 1853, the aforesaid Moses Poole came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the
specification aforesaid, and all and everything therein contained and
specified in form above written, and also the specification aforesaid was
stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Sixth day of January in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.