IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO APPARATUS, MACHINERY, OR PLANT FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ICE
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Phillips Thompson, of the Agencies for Foreign
.
Patent Solicitors, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, and
of 323, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO APPARATUS, MACHINERY,
OR PLANT FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ICE." A communication from abroad
from Francis Marion McMillan, of Washington, in the District of Columbia,
United States.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Phillips Thompson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd August 1881.
WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, of the Agencies for Foreign Patent Solicitors,
6, Lord Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, and of 323, High Holborn,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING
TO APPARATUS, MACHINERY, OR PLANT FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ICE."
A communication from abroad from Francis Marion McMillan, of Washington,
in the District of Columbia, United States.
My Invention relates to the manufacture of ice and to cooling generally, and
consists primarily in a pump communicating with the internal chambers of two
cylinders or vessels, each provided with a central chamber and an annular
surrounding chamber, said pump being arranged to deliver a body of water or
other liquid from one vessel to the other alternately in opposite directions, and
provided with a reversing gear controlled and operated by said liquid, in such
manner that when the liquid attains a given height in one chamber it shall cause
the pump to be automatically reversed and the liquid to be pumped to the other
chamber, suitable valves and pipes being provided for the admission of gas or other
fluid into the central chambers, and for its delivery into the annular surrounding
chambers when compressed by the rise of the water column.
The Invention further consists in a' peculiar construction of the cylinders or
vessels in a novel arrangement of valves for controlling the reversing gear of the
pump, and in various other details hereinafter explained.
The object of my Invention is to simplify and cheapen the apparatus required

page_text: for the manufacture of ice, and especially to do away with the costly compressing
apparatus hitherto generally employed.
To this end I employ a pump of ordinary and simple construction, and interpose
between it and the gas or fluid to be compressed a body of water, glycerine, or other
suitable liquid, whereby the extremely careful fitting and packing of the pump is
rendered unnecessary; and in order to render the action of the apparatus constant
I employ two vessels or chambers, pumping the liquid from one to produce a
vacuum or partial vacuum therein to cause the gas to enter, and into the other to
compress the gas supplied thereto. In this way one or the other vessel is
constantly receiving a supply of gas, while at the same time the gas or other fluid
is being compressed in its companion.
The vessels are for convenience and economy of space formed with a central
chamber to contain the water or liquid column, and within which the gas or other
fluid is compressed, and with an annular chamber surrounding the first and serving
as a reservoir to contain the gas or fluid when compressed and forced from the
central chamber.
The compression of the gas or fluid generates a high degree of heat, both in the
fluid compressed and in the liquid employed in the compression; and to remedy
difficulties which might arise from this source, both the vessels and the pipes
connecting the same with the pump are, by preference, water-jacketed, and in
some cases a coil may be located in the water space or in the chamber from which
the jacketing of the pipes is supplied with water, through which coil a cooling
agent may be forced to lower the temperature of the water.
The gas or other fluid, which in practice is compressed to liquefaction, is conducted
from the annular chambers or reservoirs to the cooler or refrigerator located in the
freezing tank, where it expands again and takes the form of gas,, whence it is
again delivered to the upright cylinders compressed, and so used continuously.
The cooler or refrigerator consists of a double walled cylinder, the annular
chamber of which is supplied with the liquified gas or fluid. The brine or liquid
of the freezing tank flows through the open centre of the cooler and along its
exterior, and is thus brought in contact with a large cooling surface and rapidly
cooled.
My experimental apparatus consists, first, of a steam pump, the Blake or
Knowles pump being admirably adapted for the purpose.
Second. Of two upright_vessels_or_cylinders_communicating_with_the_pump_by
means of pipes, hereafter called the pump pipes. These can be constructed each
of two cylinders arranged concentrically one within the other, the annular space
between the two being closed by collars or heads to which the concentric cylinders
are, by preference, welded at their ends. The inner cylinder or the central
chamber of the vessels is closed at its end by heads or cap plates perforated or
notched to receive bolts projected from the collars and provided with nuts.
Instead of this construction it may be advisable in some cases to form the heads
of cast iron, providing them with annular grooves to receive the ends of the
cylinders, which being seated in the grooves would be closely united to the heads
by filling the grooves with molten tin or solder; or the grooves might be supplied
with tin, the head then heated, and the cylinders pressed into the grooves, thereby
securing a perfect closing of all crevices in the joints.
Or instead of employing molten metal, a gasket of lead or pure rubber may be
seated in the grooves and ends of the cylinders, bedded in the same by tightening
the nuts of the longitudinal tie rods, which will in any case be used with the cast
iron heads to tie them firmly together and to maintain a perfect joint at all points.
In practice I. propose to employ ordinary wrought iron pipe in the construction
of my cylinders, which being found in all sizes in the market forms at once a very
cheap and convenient stock for the purpose.
The central chamber and the annular surrounding chamber in each cylinder
communicate by means of a pipe, hereafter called the cylinder pipe, provided with
a valve opening upwardly from the inner chamber, and with a globe or like

page_text: valve by which communication between the two chambers may be effectually
closed.
A gas supply pipe also communicates with the inner chamber of each vessel or
cylinder, entering through the top or cap plates, and being furnished with a
downwardly opening valve at the top of each chamber or vessel.
At the lower ends of the vessels or cylinders the pump pipes communicating
with the pump open into the central chambers of the respective vessels.
The inner chamber of each vessel is also provided at its lower end with an
upwardly opening valve provided with a stem or rod extending to the upper part
of the chamber, and provided at its upper end with a float, the stem being carried
and steadied in guides.
From the bottom openings closed by valves, pipes, bereafter called the central
pipes, extend to a small cylinder and enter the same on opposite sides of a piston
mounted therein and connected by its rod with the reversing gear of the pump.
The pump pipes are each branched or divided at a point near the pump, forming
a double connection for each pipe with said pipe, one branch of each communicating
with the supply and the other with the delivery port of the pump, as indicated.
Between the supply port and the pipes, and between the delivery port and the
branch pipes, I interpose a two-way valve or cock.
One part of this two-way cock has its ports so arranged that when its plug is
turned in one position it shall open communication between one pump pipe and
the pump, at the same time closing communication with the other pump pipe; and
when turned to its other position it shall open communication between pump and
second pump pipe, closing communication with the first.
The other part of the valve operates in precisely the same manner to simul-
taneously open communication with the pump and one branch, and close communi-
cation with the other branch, the valves being so arranged in relation that
communication shall be established with one pump pipe and the branch of the
other pump pipe simultaneously, and cut off the remaining pump pipe and branch,
or vice versa.
Each of the valves is provided with an operating arm or lever connected with
the rod of the piston by which the valves are actuated and controlled.*
Under this arrangement the rise of water in the inner chamber causes the
elevation of the float and the consequent opening of the valve. Water or other
liquid is thus admitted through the pipe, central to the cylinder, where it acts
upon the piston, and through its movement reverses the pump.
As stated, gas or other suitable fluid is admitted to the inner chambers of the
main vessels through a pipe, and after being compressed enters the annular sur-
rounding chambers, whence it is conveyed by pipes to the cooler or refrigerator,
which consists of two concentric pipes or cylinders having the annular space
between them closed at the ends in the same manner as the main vessels. The
central chamber of the inner cylinder is however left open at the ends in order
that the brine or liquid in which the cooler is immersed may flow freely through
the same from end to end, and thus be brought in contact with an extensive surface
and rapidly cooled, both the inside and outside surfaces being thus made to assist
in cooling the brine or liquid.
The refrigerator is immersed in the brine or liquid of a freezing tank; and to
ensure a proper circulation and uniforın refrigeration of said liquid a spiral vane,
or a wheel with inclined blades, may be arranged within the open passage of the
cooler and rotated in any convenient manner, thereby causing the liquid to travel
slowly and continuously in one direction through the tank.
The liquefied gas or fluid from the reservoirs of the main vessels enters the
annular chamber of the cooler, where it expands and resumes the form of a gas,
taking up the heat contained in the brine or liquid in so doing, and thereby
rapidly lowering the temperature thereof, after which the gas passes to the
gas supply pipe to be again delivered to the compressing chambers of the main
vessels.

page_text: The gas as it comes from the cooler is still at a low temperature; and in order
to utilize this cold the gas supply pipe may be provided with a coil, and said
coil arranged in the supply tank from which the water to be frozen is taken,
thus lowering the temperature of said water and lessening the work required of the
cooler.
In order that the water or other liquid employed in the upright chambers or
columns may not enter the annular surrounding chambers, the floats may each be
furnished with a valve plug, which shall close against a valve seat at the mouth of
the cylinder pipe as the float rises to open the valve, or the valve on the
cylinder pipe may be provided with a second plug which shall be forced to
its seat against the mouth of the cylinder pipe through the rise of the liquid
to close said pipe and prevent the liquid from passing from one chamber or cylinder
to the other.
The pump pipes are jacketed and the intervening space between the pipes and
their jackets is supplied with water which may be taken from a tank through
which it may be made to circulate by reason of the difference in temperature of
the water entering and leaving the tank, or in any other convenient manner.
Instead of this arrangement a continuous flow of water may be kept up through
the jacketing from an ordinary service main.
The same remarks apply to the jacketing of the vessels or main cylinders.
In starting the apparatus the pump is first caused to exhaust the air from the
interior of the apparatus, the valves of which are then open. Gas is then admitted
to the inner chamber of one cylinder to replace the air taken therefrom, and water
or other liquid is next supplied to the inner chamber of the other vessel through
an opening closed by a valve or a screw-plug until the float rises and lifts the
valve from its seat, the opening through which water was supplied being promptly
closed.
The rising of the float and the opening of valve cause the valves to be reversed
and the liquid to be pumped to the cylinder containing the supply of gas, com-
pressing the gas as above explained, the cylinder from which the liquid is pumped
at the same time receiving a supply of gas, as above explained, and so on
continuously.
Cans or vessels containing the water or liquid to be frozen are immersed in the
brine or liquid of the freezing tank in the usual manner.
When no means of cooling the water in the jacketing of the cylinder is provided,
and there is not a constant flow of water through the same, the feed water for the
boiler of the steam pump may be taken from said jacketing, and being at a
comparatively high temperature may be used with considerable saving of fuel
required for heating.
It is apparent that the details of the apparatus may be considerably varied or
modified without departing from the spirit of my Invention, as, for instance, by
substituting any other well known form of reversing, valves for those shown by
employing a rotary instead of a reciprocating pump, and in various other respects
which will readily suggest themselves to the practical mechanic.
For the purpose of more effectually cooling the liquid as it is pumped from one
vessel or chamber to the other, said liquid may be caused to pass through a series
of tubes surrounded by a cooling medium or agent at a point between the pump
and the liquid column.
In speaking of the reversing gear of the pump it is of course meant valves or
gear for reversing the direction of the liquid current.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Phillips Thompson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
30th January 1882.
.
WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, of the Agencies for Foreign Patent Solicitors,
6, Lord Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, and of 323, High Holborn,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING
TO APPARATUS, MACHINERY, OR PLANT FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ICE."
"
A communication from abroad from Francis Marion McMillan, of Washington,
in the District of Columbia, United States.
"
The following is the description of the Invention as communicated to me:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of ice and to cooling generally, and
consists primarily in a pump communicating with the internal chambers of two
cylinders or vessels, each provided with a central chamber and an annular
surrounding chamber, said pump being arranged to deliver a body of water or
other liquid from one vessel to the other alternately in opposite directions, and
provided with a reversing gear controlled and operated by said liquid, in such
manner that when the liquid attains a given height in one chamber it shall cause
the pump to be automatically reversed and the liquid to be pumped to the other
chamber, suitable valves and pipes being provided for the admission of gas or
other fluid into the central chambers, and for its delivery into the annular
surrounding chambers when compressed by the rise of the water column.
The Invention further consists in a peculiar construction of the cylinders or
vessels, in a novel arrangement of valves for controlling the reversing gear of the
pump, and in various other details hereinafter explained.
In the accompanying Drawings, Figure 1 represents a perspective view of the
apparatus with the cylinders in section, to show the internal construction and
arrangement; Figure 2, a vertical central section of one of the upright cylinders;
Figure 3, a detail view of the reversing gear of the pump.
The object of this Invention is to simplify and cheapen the apparatus required
for the manufacture of ice, and especially to do away with the costly compressing
apparatus hitherto generally employed.
To this end is employed a pump of ordinary and simple construction; and
interposed between it and the gas or fluid to be compressed is a body of water,
glycerine, or other suitable liquid, whereby the extremely careful fitting and
packing of the pump is rendered unnecessary; and in order to render the action of
the apparatus constant I employ two vessels or chambers pumping the liquid
from one to produce a vacuum or partial vacuum therein, to cause the gas to enter,
and into the other to compress the gas supplied thereto. In this way one or the
other vessel is constantly receiving a supply of gas, while at the same time the
gas or other fluid is being compressed in its companion.
The vessels are for convenience and economy of space formed with a central
chamber to contain the water or liquid column, and within which the gas or other
fluid is compressed, and with an annular chamber surrounding the first, and
serving as a reservoir to contain the gas or fluid when compressed and forced from
the central chamber.
The compression of the gas or fluid generates a high degree of heat, both in the
fluid compressed and in the liquid employed in the compression, and to remedy
difficulties which might arise from this source, both the vessels and the pipes
connecting the same with the pump are by preference water-jacketed, and in some
cases a coil may be located in the water space or in the chamber, from which the
jacketing of the pipes is supplied with water, through which coil a cooling agent
may be forced to lower the temperature of the water.

page_text: The gas. or other fluid, which in practice is compressed to liquefaction, is conducted
from the annular chambers or reservoirs to the cooler or refrigerator located in the
freezing tank, where it expands again and takes the form of gas, whence it is again
delivered to the upright cylinders, compressed, and so used continuously. The
cooler or refrigerator consists of a double walled cylinder, the annular chamber of
which is supplied with the liquefied gas or fluid. The brine or liquid of the
freezing tank flows through the open centre of the cooler and along its exterior,
and is thus brought in contact with a large cooling surface and rapidly cooled.
Referring now to the Drawings, A represents a steam pump, which may be of
any ordinary construction, the Blake or the Knowles pump being admirably
adapted for the purpose, and B, C, two upright vessels or cylinders communicating
with the pump by means of pipes a, b. As shown more clearly in Fig. 2, the
vessels or cylinders consist each of two cylinders c and d arranged concentrically
one within the other, the annular space between the two being closed by collars or
heads.e, to which the cylinders c and d are by preference welded at their ends.
The inner cylinder or the central chamber of the vessels is closed at its ends by
heads or cap plates f perforated or notched to receive bolts g projecting from the
collars e, and provided with nuts h as shewn.
Instead of this construction it may be advisable in some cases to form the heads
of cast iron, providing them with annular grooves to receive the ends of the
cylinders c, d, which being seated in the grooves would be closely united to the
heads by filling the grooves with molten tin or solder; or the grooves might be
supplied with tin, the head then heated and the cylinders pressed into the grooves,
thereby securing a perfect closing of all crevices in the joints.
Or instead of employing molten metal a gasket of lead or pure rubber may be
seated in the grooves and ends of the cylinders, bedded in the same by tightening
the nuts of the longitudinal tie rods, which will in any case be used with the
cast iron heads to tie them firmly together, and to maintain a perfect joint at all
points.
In practice it is proposed to employ ordinary wrought iron pipe in the con-
struction of the cylinders, which being found in all sizes in the market forms at
once a very cheap and convenient stock for the purpose.
As shewn in Figs. 1 and 2, the central chamber and the annular surrounding
chamber in each cylinder communicate by means of a pipe D provided with a
valve i opening upwardly from the inner chamber and with a globe or like valve j,
by which communication between the two chambers may be effectually closed.
A gas supply pipe E also communicates with the inner chamber of each vessel or
cylinder, entering through the top or cap plates f, and being furnished with a
downwardly opening valve k at the top of each chamber or vessel.
At the lower ends of the vessels or cylinders the pipes a and b, communicating
with the pump A, open into the central chambers of the respective vessels, as
shown.
The inner chamber of each vessel is also provided at its lower end with an
upwardly opening valve 7, provided with a stem or rod extending to the upper part
of the chamber, and provided at its upper end with a float m, the stem being carried
and steadied in guides n, as shewn.
From the openings o, closed by the valves 1, pipes p extend to a small cylinder 7,
and enter the same on opposite sides of a piston mounted therein, and connected
by its rods with the reversing gear of the pump A; this reversing gear may be of
any usual or convenient construction, that shewn in the Drawing being well adapted
to the purpose for which it is intended.
As shewn more clearly in Fig. 3, the pipes a, b, are each branched or divided at
a point near the pump, forming the double connection a, a, and b, b, for each pipe
with said pump, one branch of each communicating with the supply and the other
with the delivery port of the pump, as indicated. Between the supply port and
the pipes a, b, and between the delivery port and the branch pipes a, b, is inter-
posed a two-way valve or cock, represented by the letters F and G respectively.

page_text: The valve F has its ports so arranged that when its plug is turned to one
position it shall open communication between a and the pump, at the same time
closing communication with pipe b, and when turned to its other position it shall
open communication between pump A and pipe b, closing communication with
pipe a.
The valve G operates in precisely the same manner to simultaneously open com-
munication between the pump and one branch, and close communication with the
other branch, the valves being so arranged in relation to each other that communi-
cation shall be established with pipe a and branch b simultaneously, and cut off
with pipe band branch a, or vice versa.
Each of the valves is provided with an operating arm or lever connected with
the rod 8 of piston r, by which the valves are actuated and controlled.
Under this arrangement the rise of water in the inner chamber causes the
elevation of the float m, and the consequent opening of the valve . Water or
other liquid is thus adınitted through the pipe p to cylinder q, where it acts upon
the piston r, and through its movement reverses the pump.
As stated, gas or other suitable fluid is admitted to the inner chambers of the
vessels B, C, through a pipe E, and after being compressed enters the annular
surrounding chambers, whence it is conveyed by pipes t to the cooler or refri-
gerator H, which, as shewn in Fig. 1, consists of two concentric pipes or cylinders
having the annular space between them closed at the ends in the same manner as
the vessels B and C. The central chamber of the inner cylinder is however left
open at the ends in order that the brine or liquid in which the cooler is immersed
may flow freely through the same from end to end, and thus be brought into contact
with an extensive surface and rapidly cooled, both the inside and outside surfaces
being thus made to assist in cooling the brine or liquid.
The cooler H is immersed in the brine or liquid of the freezing tank I; and to
ensure a proper circulation and uniform refrigeration of said liquid, a spiral vane J
or a wheel with inclined blades may be arranged within the open passage of the
cooler and rotated in any convenient manner, thereby causing the liquid to travel
slowly and continuously in one direction through the tank.
The liquefied gas or fluid from the reservoirs of vessels B, C, enters the annular.
chamber of the cooler H, where it expands and resumes the form of a gas, taking.
up the heat contained in the brine or liquid in so doing, and thereby rapidly
lowering the temperature thereof, after which the gas passes to the pipe E to be
again delivered to the compressing chambers of the vessels B, C.
The gas as it comes from the cooler is still at a low temperature; and in order to
utilize this cold, the pipe E may be provided with a coil, and said coil arranged
in the supply tank from which the water to be frozen is taken, thus lowering the
temperature of said water and lessening the work required of the cooler.
In order that the water or other liquid employed in the upright chambers or
columns may not enter the annular surrounding chambers, the floats m may each
be furnished with a valve plug m' which shall close against a valve seat at the
mouth of the pipe D as the float rises to open the valve; or the valve i may be
provided with a second plug, which shall be forced to its seat against the mouth of
the pipe D through the rise of the liquid to close said pipe and prevent the liquid
from passing from one chamber or cylinder to the other.
As shown in Fig. 1, the pipes a, b, are jacketed, and the intervening space
between the pipes, and their jackets is supplied with water which may be taken
from a tank I through which it may be made to circulate by reason of the
difference in temperature of the water entering and leaving the tank, or in any
other convenient manner.
Instead of this arrangement a continuous flow of water may be kept up through
the jacketing from an ordinary service main.
The same remarks apply to the jacketing of the vessels or cylinder B and C.
In starting the apparatus the pump is first caused to exhaust the air from the
interior of the apparatus, the valves of which are then open. Gas is then.
:

page_text: admitted to the inner chamber of one cylinder to replace the air taken therefrom,
and water or other liquid is next supplied to the inner chamber of the other
vessel through an opening closed by a valve or a screw-plug u until the float m
rises and lifts the valve from its seat, the opening through which water was
supplied being promptly closed.
The rising of the float and the opening of the valve cause the valves to be
reversed, and the liquid to be pumped to the cylinder containing the supply of
gas, compressing the gas as above explained, the cylinder from which the liquid
is pumped at the same time receiving a supply of gas as above explained, and so
on continuously.
Cans or vessels containing the water or liquid to be frozen are immersed in the
brine or liquid of the freezing tank in the usual manner.
When no means of cooling the water in the jacketing of the cylinders is
provided, and there is not a constant flow of water through the same, the feed
water for the boiler of the steam pump may be taken from said jacketing, and
being at a comparatively high temperature may be used with considerable saving
of fuel required for heating.
It is apparent that the details of the apparatus may be considerably varied or
modified without departing from the spirit of the Invention, as for instance by
substituting any other well known form of reversing valves for those shown by
employing a rotary instead of a reciprocating pump, and in various other respects
which will readily suggest themselves to the practical mechanic.
For the purpose of more effectually cooling the liquid as it is pumped from one
vessel or chamber to the other, said liquid may be caused to passed through a scries
of tubes surrounded by a cooling medium or agent at a point between the pump
and the liquid column.
In speaking of the reversing gear of the pump it is of course meant valves or
gear for reversing the direction of the liquid current.
Having now described the Invention exactly as communicated to me, what I
claim under the Letters Patent is,-
1. The herein described apparatus for the manufacture of ice and other cooling
purposes, consisting of the vessels B, C, each having an inner and an outer chamber
communicating by pipes D provided with upwardly opening valves, a pump A
communicating with the inner chambers of the vessels, and arranged to pump
from one to the other alternately in opposite directions, a gas supply E opening
into the inner chambers, and provided-with-downwardly-opening-valves-and-a-
cooler communicating with the outer chambers and with the gas supply pipe,
substantially as shown.
2. In an apparatus for the manufacture of ice and other cooling purposes, the
combination of a pump provided with reversing valves, a vessel communicating
with the pump and with a reservoir and a float located within the vessel
and adapted to open a valve when the liquid attains a given height therein,
whereby the liquid is permitted to escape and to operate the reversing valves of
the pump.
3. The combination in an ice or cooling apparatus of a pump provided with
reversing valves a vessel communicating with the pump and connected with a
reservoir by a pipe containing an upwardly-opening valve, a gas-supply pipe
opening into the upper end of the vessel, and provided with a downwardly-opening
valve and an upwardly opening valve at the lower end of the vessel connected
with a float at the upper end thereof, whereby the rise of liquid in the vessel is
caused to raise the valve at the lower end of the vessel and permit a portion of the
liquid to escape and operate the reversing valves of the pump, substantially as and
for the purpose set forth.
4. In an ice or cooling apparatus, a pump provided with reversing valves and
arranged to deliver water or other liquid into a chamber to compress gas therein, a
cylinder communicating with said chamber and arranged to receive liquid
therefrom, and a piston located in said cylinder and connected with the reversing

page_text: valves of the pump, whereby the liquid entering the cylinder is caused to reverse
said valves.
5. In an ice or cooling apparatus, the combination of a pump provided with
reversing valves, a piston mounted in a cylinder and connected with said reversing
valves, a vessel communicating with the pump, a float valve adapted to open
communication between the vessel and cylinder when the fluid attains a given
height for the purpose of reversing the pump.
6. The herein described vessel for use in the manufacture of ice, et cetera,
consisting of the concentric cylinders closed at their ends and communicating by
a pipe, as shown and described, and provided with a water-jacket, whereby
the compressed gas is confined between two liquid bodies and thus relieved of its
heat.
7. The vessel for use in the manufacture of ice, et cetera, consisting of two
concentric cylinders placed one within the other and closed at their ends,
whereby the liquid of one chamber is caused to cool the gas of the adjoining
chamber.
8. In combination with a gas vessel or chamber and a pump adapted to force
liquid into the chamber for compressing gas, a pipe connecting the vessel and the
pump, and provided with a water-jacket, whereby the water is cooled before
entering said chamber.
4
9. In combination with a pump provided with reversing valves a float valve
arranged within the receiving chamber supplied by the pump and adapted to
control the reversing valves.
10. In combination with a compressing or liquid chamber a reservoir, a pipe
connecting the liquid chamber and the reservoir, and a valve actuated by the liquid
to close the connecting pipe.
}
11. The manufacture of ice, substantially in the manner and with apparatus
such as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Phillips Thompson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
W“. P. THOMPSON. (L.S.)
.P.