IMPROVEMENTS IN FUMIGATORS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Spary, of Queen's Graperies, Park Street,
Brighton, in the County of Sussex, Nurseryman and Florist, for tlie
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FUMIGATORS."
Sealed the 25th February 1859, and dated the 31st August 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Spary at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st August 1858.
I, EDWARD SPARY, of Queen's Graperies, Park Street, Brighton, in the
County of Sussex, Nurseryman and Florist, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FUMIGATORS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to fumigate in a more convenient and
effectual manner than bas hitherto been done, grapes, vines, fruit trees, and
other fruits, trees, and plants, for the purpose of destroying the mildew
and insects that frequently infest such fruits, trees, and plants, and for the
purpose of fumigating graperies, plant houses, pits, sheds, rooms, and other
enclosures used for horticultural purposes, also for fumigating ships, hospitals,
workhouses, sick rooms, and such other places as may require fumigation.
My Invention consists in forming an outer case, made of iron, copper, tin,
or zinc, of a cylindrical, square, or polygonal form, open at the top, perforated
at the bottom, and standing upon a perforated base or upon legs. The said
outer case is perforated with holes for the admission of air; a door is fitted in

page_text: front and a handle fixed on each side for convenience of removal.
In the
open top of the outer case is fitted a vessel, which hereafter I call a receiver
made of iron, tin, or copper, with a flange projecting all round the body or top
of the same, to allow it to drop into and rest upon the top or rim of the outer
case, a space being left all round between the outer case and the receiver
to allow the heat to act upon the outer surface of the said receiver. A handle
is fixed to. the side of the receiver, and a double rim is fitted round the
top to receive the rim of a perforated cover. Within the outer case,
for the purpose of heating the receiver, I place a lamp of an ordinary
description, but the kind of lamp I prefer is of a plain flat cylindrical form,
with an Argand burner, copper or iron chimney, and perforated base, and
a handle fixed on each side to lift it from the outer case; or, instead of a
lamp, I sometimes use a Palmer's or Price's candle and candlestick, or a
chafing dish containing prepared charcoal. When the fumigator is required
for use, I place within the receiver the fumigating material, such as sulphur,
tobacco, Cayenne pepper, or other known material used for fumigating
purposes; I then put on the cover, light the lamp, candle, or prepared char-
coal, and place the apparatus under the fruit tree or plant infected with
mildew or insects, and allow the fumes or vapours to be disseminated about the
fruit tree or plant..
When it is required to fumigate graperies, plant houses, pits, sheds, rooms,
or other enclosures, I place the apparatus on the floor near the centre of such
place or places, so that the fumes or vapours may be distributed throughout,
care being taken to prevent such place or places from being overcharged.
In order the better to distribute the fumes or vapours from the fumigator,
I sometimes place a circular sheet or disc of tin or iron over the perforated
cover, and support the same with wires fitted to the rim of the receiver.
I sometimes use another kind of cover to the receiver, of a plain or close
description and of a domical form, with a single hole in the centre, into which
I fit a short pipe with one or more branches, and attach thereto pipes to
convey the fumes or vapours into or round a room, ship, or building, or to any
particular place or spot required to be fumigated. The rim of the lid is made
to dip into fine sand contained in the double rim of the receiver before
described, so as to form a "seal," and prevent the fumes or vapours from
escaping at the junction of the lid with the receiver.
When it is preferred to fumigate grapes and other fruit, vines, fruit trees,
graperies, plant houses, pits, sheds, or other rooms or enclosures from the
outside instead of the inside of the building, I adapt the apparatus for that
purpose in the following manner :-I provide an outer case or cylinder of iron

page_text: or copper, with furnace bars or grating at bottom, door in front, open top, and
funnel or fluc at the back, to carry away the smoke or fumes from the fuel
used therein to heat the same. Into this outer case I fit the receiver con-
taining the fumigating materials, with a flanged rim and air-tight screw top or
cover, leaving an open space between the receiver and the outer case, to allow
the heat to pass all round the same. I then fit in a pipe with union joint
near the top of the receiver, and carry the said pipe into a small cylinder with
closed top and bottom; into this small cylinder the pipe dips, and deposits any
tar or surplus matter that may be produced in the process. From this small
cylinder, near the top, I fit another pipe with stop-cock to convey away the
fumes or vapours to a telescopic holder, with tank partly filled with water,
balance weights, and chains complete (similar to a gas holder used in gas-
works). From the telescopic holder flexible hose or metal pipes are attached
in the usual way, and carried into the rooms, ship holds, or other places
required to be fumigated, or to or under any grapes or other fruit vines, trees,"
or plants growing in the open ground.
An iron or wooden carriage, of an ordinary description, is framed and placed
on wheels, upon which the whole of the last-described apparatus is fixed for
the purpose of being removed from place to place, as may be required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Spary in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
28th February 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
SPARY, of Queen's Graperies, Park Street, Brighton, in the County of Sussex,
Nurseryman and Florist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of Her:
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Edward Spary, Her special licence that I, the said Edward Spary,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Edward Spary, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times.
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE- í

page_text: MENTS IN FUMIGATORS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Edward Spary, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Spary, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement: -
The nature of my Invention is to fumigate grapes, vines, fruit trees, and
other fruits, trees, and plants, for the purpose of destroying the mildew
and insects that frequently infest such fruits, trees, and plants, and for the
purpose of fumigating graperies, plant houses, pits, sheds, rooms, and other
enclosures used for horticultural purposes; also for fumigating ships, barracks,
hospitals, workhouses, sick rooms, and such other places as may require
fumigation.
In order that my Invention may be fully understood, I have hereunto
annexed a Sheet of Drawings, with figures and letters of reference attached
thereto.
The following is a description of the several Figures and their method of
construction:-
Figure 1, front elevation of small fumigator, showing outer case a, per-
forations b, perforated base c, perforated door d, handles e, receiver f, flange g,
outlet pipe forming handle to receiver h, double rim i, and cover j.
Fig. 2, plan over top of the outer case a, double rim i, receiver f, and
handle or outlet pipe h.
Fig. 3, section through the apparatus, showing outer case a, perforations b,
perforated base c, receiver f, flange g, outlet pipe or handle h, double rim i,
perforated cover k, lamp 7, perforated stand to lamp m, & chimney n.
Fig. 4, sectional plan through receiver f, outer case a, and outlet pipe h.
Fig. 5, section of another kind of cover o, with funnel pipe p, disc q, &
wire legs r.
Fig. 6, plan of lid o, with funnel pipe p, legs r; and the dotted line 7 shows
the circular disc over.
Fig. 7, elevation of larger fumigator, showing outer case A, furnace door B,
ash-drawer C, perforations D, funnel or flue pipe 5, rim to receiver E, top
plate G, man-hole and cover II, fastening I, with screw to secure man-hole,

page_text: outlet pipe K, stop-cock and union L, centre outlet pipe M, with union N,
screw turns O to secure top plate G to receiver F, stop-cock and union Q.
.
Fig. 8, plan over top plate G, showing man-hole H, fastening I, screw-
turns O, outlet pipe K, and centre outlet pipe M, and union joint N.
Fig. 9, elevation of fume or gas holder, showing tank R, suspended
holder S, frame T, weights U, inlet pipe M and M', outlet pipe W and W',
small stop-cock X, part of flexible or other tube Z, centre rod 1, regulating
weights 2, pulleys 3, suspending cords or chains 4.
Fig. 10, plan over top of fume or gas holder, showing rim of tank R,
suspended holder S, iron frame T, and weights U.
Fig. 11, section of larger sized fumigator, showing outer case A, receiver F,
rim to receiver E, top plate G, outlet pipe K, centre outlet pipe M, union N,
furnace B', drawer for ashes D', man-hole H, and flue 5.
Fig. 12, section through lower part of receiver F and outer case A, showing
part of furnace under B', and sides B.
My Invention consists in forming an outer case a (see Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
and 6, to which the several letters in the following description refer), made of
iron, copper, tin, or zinc, of a cylindrical, square, or polygonal form, open at ·
the top, perforated at the bottom, and standing upon a perforated base c, or
upon legs. The said outer case is perforated with holes b, for the admission of "
air; a door d is fitted in front, and a handle e fixed on each side for con-
venience of removal. In the open top of the outer case a is fitted a vessel f,
which I call the receiver, made of iron, tin, or copper, with a flange g
projecting all round the body or top of the same, to allow it to be dropped into
and rest upon the top or rim a¹ of the outer case, a space being left all round
between the outer case and the receiver to allow the heat to act upon the
outer surface of the said receiver. A tubular handle h is fitted to the side
of the receiver, and a double rim i is fitted all round the top to receive the
rim of the perforated cover k. When a plain cover is used, as j, Fig. 1, I
convert the handle into an outlet pipe h. Within the outer case a, for the
purpose of heating the receiver, I place a lamp of any ordinary descrip-
tion, but the kind of lamp I prefer would be the moderator lamp, or a
lamp 1, shown in Fig. 3, of a cylindrical form with an Argand burner, iron
chimney n, and perforated stand m, with a handle on each side to lift it from
the outer case, or instead of a lamp I would use a chafing dish containing
prepared charcoal. In order the better to distribute the fumes or vapours
from the fumigator, I would place a circular sheet or dise q, shown in Figs. 5
and 6, made of tin, iron, or zinc, and support the same on wires r, fixed to the
rim of the cover.

page_text: I sometimes use another kind of cover to the receiver of a plain or close
description, as shown at o, in Figs. 5 and 6, with a single hole in the centre,
into which I fit a short pipe p, and to this pipe I would sometimes attach a
branch pipe or pipes to convey the fumes to any place required. The rims of
the several lids herein-before described are made to dip into fine sand con-
tained in the double rim i of the receiver f, so as to form a "seal," and prevent
the fumes or vapours from escaping at the junction of the lid with the receiver.
When it is prefered to fumigate grapes or other fruit, vines, fruit trees,
graperies, plant houses, pits, sheds, or other rooms or enclosures, or hospitals,
barracks, or other buildings, or ships. from the outside instead of the inside of
the building, I adapt the apparatus to that purpose in the following manner,
and shown in the Drawings Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12, to which the several
letters refer I provide an outer case or cylinder A, with open top, furnace
bars or grating at bottom B', door in front B, ash-pit drawer D, and funnel
pipe or flue at the back 5. Into the outer case I fit the receiver F, con-
taining the fumigating materials, with a flanged rim E and air-tight top
plate G, leaving an open space F between the receiver and the outer case, to
allow the heat to pass all round. A man-hole H, with screw fastening I, is
fitted in the top plate to admit the fumigating materials into the receiver
without removing the top plate. A pipe M is fitted with union joint N into a
boss cast in the centre of the top plate, to convey the fumes or vapour into the
holder Fig. 9, having a stop-cock P and union Q. From the suspended
holder S an outlet pipe W is fitted, and is made to pass through the bottom
of the tank R to the outside, and furnished with a stop-cock and union joint
Y, to which is attached a flexible or other tube Z, at the end of which is fitted
a brass or copper jet to carry the fumes or vapour to any part required. A
brass cock X is fitted at the bottom of the outlet pipe W¹ to let out any water
or tarry matter that may accumulate in the pipes.
When it is required to use the fumigator last described without the fume or
gas holder, a seperate pipe K is fitted into the top plate G, furnished with a
stop-cock and union joint, with screw on which the flexible or other tube Z
may be attached and used in the manner before described.
To enable the apparatus to be readily removed from place to place, I would
place the same upon an iron or wooden carriage or truck of an ordinary and
suitable description.
The several parts of the apparatus herein described I prefer making in iron,
with brass cocks and unions, but I would not confine myself to that metal, as
in some cases I would, use copper, tin, or zinc for the outer cases and covers,
and copper or tin for the receivers.

page_text: The fumigating materials I usually employ are sulphur combined with
sawdust, tobacco, Cayenne pepper, and other like materials.
The manner of performing or using the Invention herein described is as
follows: When I desire to fumigate any plants, trees, houses, ships, or enclo-
sures, I partly fill the receiver with the fumigating material required, and place
on the cover; I would then light the lamp or prepared charcoal, and place the
apparatus in the centre of the place I wish to fumigate. The fumes or
vapours arising from the receiver will be then disseminated immediately into
the house, or when used outside the building in the larger apparatus, into the
fume or gas holder, ready for use, or conveyed through the outlet pipe fixed in
the top of the receiver at once to the place required without the fume or gas
holder.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that I make
no claim to the several parts above described and refered to when taken
seperately; nor do I claim the fume or gas holder herein described and refered
to when taken seperately; but what I claim is,-
First, the general arrangement and combination of parts forming the small
fumigator, as herein set forth and described.
Second, the general arrangement and combination of parts forming the
larger fumigator, as herein set forth and described.
Third, the general arrangement and combination of parts of the larger
fumigator used with the fume or gas holder, as herein set forth and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Spary, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of February, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-nine.
Witness,
HENRY LAXTON,
Patent Agent,
19, Arundel Street, Strand.
EDWARD SPARY. (L.S.)