MENTS IN DYEING BLACK UPON CERTAIN MIXED TEXTILE' FABRICS MADE OF' WORSTED, ALPACA, OR MOHAIR WOVEN IN COMBINATION WITH COTTON, AND' KNOWN GENERALLY IN THE TRADE AS 'BRADFORD GOODS.
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Wilson Morrell, of the Town of Bradford,
in the County of Yorkshire, Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVE
MENTS IN DYEING BLACK UPON CERTAIN MIXED TEXTILE' FABRICS MADE OF'
WORSTED, ALPACA, OR MOHAIR WOVEN IN COMBINATION WITH COTTON, AND'
KNOWN GENERALLY IN THE TRADE AS 'BRADFORD GOODS.'
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Robert Wilson Morrell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Decla
ration, on the 22nd June 1867, pursuant to the 9th Section of the
Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
WILSON MORRELL, of the Town of Bradford, in the County of Yorkshire,.
Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS, I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DYEING BLACK UPON CERTAIN MIXED TEXTILE FABRICS MADE OF WORSTED, ALPACHA,
OR MOHAIR WOVEN IN COMBINATION WITH COTTON, AND KNOWN GENERALLY IN THE"
TRADE AS BRADFORD GOODS,'" and have petitioned Her Majesty to'grant unto
me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for
the same, and have made solemn Declaration that I am the true' and 'first
Inventor thereof.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Wilson Morrell, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and seal,

page_text: fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed in and by the following statement :-
My Invention consists of certain improvements in the dying of such textile
fabrics generally made at Bradford, in the County of York, known commonly
by the name of Bradford goods, but are classified under the name of alpachas,
or goods made of alpacha weft and cotton warp, or worsted warp and cotton
weft, which are also known under the names of Cobourgs, Orleans, Albert cords,
summer cloths, Veronas, umbrella cloths, figured Orleans, Barotheas, Balmoral
crapes, Russell cords, double twills, Thibets, Italian cloths, union camlets, and
cotton weft lastings; also mohair, or goods made of mohair weft and cotton
warps.
These improvements mainly consist in an additional process of dyeing a
more permanent black than has hitherto been accomplished by the methods
now practised by the trade.
,
In order to render my improvements more intelligible it may be well to
state the manner of dyeing black in these goods at present, which is as
follows:-
Firstly, the goods after being prepared. for dyeing are worked through &
solution of samac, thence into a fresh bath through a solution of nitrate of
iron, when they are thoroughly washed out. This process is used to dye
the cotton that is in the material, and is what is technially termed "worked
cold."
Secondly, in order to dye' the worsted; alpacha, or mohair the goods are
passed through a solution of bichromate of potash, are then washed out and
afterwards put through a fresh bath of solution of logwood with an addition of
a little fustic or bark, the latter being to produce a yellow tint in combination
to obtain a good black..
And, thirdly, they are run through an emulsion or saponacious fluid with
an additional amount of oil, or a solution of glycerine to heighten or raise the
colour upon the cotton to its maximum effect.
In cases where the warp or cotton portion of the fabric is dyed first the
worsted, alpacha, or mohair only is required to be dyed, which is done as here-
tofore described, then the use of the emulsion or saponacious fluid with an
addition of oil, or the use of glycerine as described, is not required.
My improvements consist in an additional process by first giving to the
material (so as to be dyed) a "fast blue" basis by means of passing the
"pieces" through the ordinary dyes made of "woad and indigo (separate or
in combination), such as is used in dyeing, and what is commonly known as
woaded indigo blacks" for woollen cloths in the manner commonly practised

page_text: in the woollen trade. These goods should be passed through the dyeing vat
about five minutes, or if not dark enough pass them through again until the
desired tint is attained. This additional process may be used in any order,
but I prefer it to be used before the cotton is dyed. All the above cases
herein referred to are where the warp or weft are in the undyed state. The
woad and indigo will dye the worsted, alpacha, or mohair as well as the cotton
to their distinctive blue color.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I do not confine myself
to the precise details as herein-before described, as I may vary the process
as far as the ordinary method of dyeing is concerned; but what I claim as
new is,―
Firstly, the dyeing of the materials for such fabrics as are herein described
either in the warp or weft, or both with the woad and indigo process (separately
or in combination) in addition to the ordinary process of dyeing to insure a
faster and more intense color as a black than the ordinary methods of dyeing
will effect, as is fully described and set forth.
Secondly, the dyeing of "pieces
pieces" as described having white or undyed
cotton warp or weft with woad or indigo, separately or in combination, in
addition to the ordinary process, as previously described, in order to obtain a
more intense black on the cotton portion of the fabric for the purpose of
dispensing with the use of oil or glycerine, for bringing up the color upon the
cotton portion of the fabric as is now commonly practised.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Wilson Morrell, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
ROBERT WILSON MORRELL. (L.S.)