Year: 1888

page_text: We ELY SUTCLIFFE and GEORGE EDWARD SUTCLIFFE of the Patent Process
Dyeing Company Limited of Halifax in the County of York do hereby declare the
nature of this Invention to be as follows:-
the mass.
Our Invention relates to dyeing processes wherein black is produced by the action
of oxydising agents upon salts of aniline. In such processes a part of the resulting
black product is thrown out as a precipitate which is not incorporated with the goods
and therefore represents a waste of material. When the dyeing is effected by
circulating or forcing the dyeing liquor through a mass of goods the formation of this
precipitate in the bath interferes with the success of the operation owing to the goods
acting as a filter the separated precipitate being deposited upon the exposed surface or
surfaces of the mass and checking the flow of the liquor as well as preventing the
obtainment of regularity and uniformity of effect. In the carrying into effect of our
invention we so proportion the re-agents with relation to the aniline salt employed as
that a slow re-action results such re-action taking place only or almost entirely within
We saturate the goods with the die liquor and allow the goods to remain
for a considerable interval during which the re-action gradually takes place as for
example the goods may remain at rest for an interval of twenty-four hours more or
less. We prefer to use the liquor immediately after it has been prepared and to mix
further quantities as it is required so that there shall not be tine for the formation of
any material amount of precipitate before the liquor has been taken up by absorption.
The goods are quickly saturated with the liquor and then removed from the machine
or the cistern or bath and placed in a warm room or in a suitable place to age for a
suitable interval during which the oxidation proceeds slowly and the dye becomes
fixed upon the fibres. During this resting of the goods they slowly change by the
oxidation of the aniline either to the green stage or the black stage according to the
chemical agents which have been employed. In the one case the goods must be
further treated with a suitable oxidising agent as for example with potassium
bichromate in the other case the goods will only require to be rinsed. In our

page_text: experiments we have used a bath consisting of 120 gallons of a five per cent solution of
Aniline chloride 20 gallons of a five per cent solution of potassium chlorate 15 gallons
of a six per cent solution of ferrous sulphate and 4 gallons of Hydrochloric acid of
ordinary commercial strength. Goods are saturated with this liquor until it has
become absorbed when a fresh quantity is mixed. We do not confine ourselves to the
proportions stated so long as the proportions used are calculated to produce a slow
re-action requiring several hours to complete. Other oxidising agents may be used
such for example as potassium or sodium bichromate alkaline chlorates or hypo-
chlorites bleaching liquor or any other agent or agents ordinarily used or which will
produce the desired effect. Our invention is well suited to the cases wherein the
goods are treated in machines in which the liquor is forced through the goods or is
caused to percolate through the same as for example in the cases of the machines for
which Letters Patent numbers 10933 and 14971 of the year 1886 have been granted
When operating with such machines we keep the goods under treatment only
until thoroughly saturated when we remove the goods and place them away for an
interval as aforesaid. Great economy results from the fact relatively less oxidising
agent and less acid are used and from the fact that the whole of the liquor mixed is
absorbed by the goods during a lengthened operation and that practically all the dye
is precipitated upon the fibres of the goods treated. The relative amount of acid used
being much less than is used in ordinary processes the fibres are less injured or
tendered than in the ordinary processes.
to us.
Dated this 15th day of August 1888.
DUTTON & FULTON,
1, St. James Square, Manchester,
Agents.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Dyeing Aniline Black.
We ELY SUTCLIFFE and GEORGE EDWARD SUTCLIFFE of the Patent Process
Dyeing Company Limited of Halifax in the County of York do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to he
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement, that is
to say :-
Our Invention relates to dyeing processes wherein black is produced by the action
of oxydising agents upon salts of aniline. In such processes a part of the resulting
black product is thrown out as a precipitate which is not incorporated with the goods
and therefore represents a waste of material. When the dyeing is effected by
circulating or forcing the dyeing liquor through a mass of goods the formation of this
precipitate in the bath interferes with the success of the operation owing to the
goods acting as a filter the separated precipitate being deposited upon the exposed
surface or surfaces of the mass and checking the flow of the liquor as well as
preventing the obtainment of regularity and uniformity of effect. In the carrying
into effect of our invention we so proportion the re-agents with relation to the aniline
salt employed as that a slow re-action results such re-action taking place only or
almost entirely within the mass. We saturate the goods with the dye liquor and
allow the goods to remain for a considerable interval during which the re-action
gradually takes place as for example the goods may remain at rest for an interval of
twenty-four hours more or less. We prefer to use the liquor immediately after it has
been prepared and to mix further quantities as it is required so that there shall
not be time for the formation of any material amount of precipitate before the
liquor has been taken up by absorption. The goods are quickly saturated with
the liquor and then removed from the machine or the cistern or bath and placed
room or in a suitable place to age for a suitable interval during
which the oxidation proceeds slowly and the dye becomes fixed upon the fibres.
During this resting of the goods they slowly change by the oxidation of the aniline
either to the green stage or the black stage according to the chemical agents
which have been employed. In the one case the goods must be further treated
with a suitable oxidising agent as for example with potassium bichromate in the other
case the goods will only require to be rinsed. By way of example we will state the
proportions of chemicals which we use in the preparation of a dye bath. We take
120 gallons of a five per cent solution of Aniline chloride 20 gallons of a five per cent
solution of potassium chlorate 15 gallons of a six per cent solution of ferrous sulphate
and 4 gallons of Hydrochloric acid of ordinary commercial strength and mix together.
This would furnish a bath consisting of 159 gallons of liquor but in some cases a less
quantity would be mixed at once as we consider that the best results are obtained
when comparatively small quantities of the bath liquor are mixed at once and are used
in a short time after mixing. The goods to be dyed are saturated with this liquor
until it has become absorbed when a fresh quantity of liquor is mixed. We do not
confine ourselves to the proportions stated so long as the proportions used are calculated
in a warm

page_text: to produce a slow re-action requiring several hours to complete. Other oxidising
agents may be used such for example as potassium or sodium bichromate alkaline
chlorates or hypo-chlorites bleaching liquor or any other agent or agents ordinarily
used or which will produce the desired effect. Our invention is well suited to the
cases wherein the goods are treated in machines in which the liquor is forced through
the goods or is caused to percolate through the same as for example in the cases of
the machines for which Letters Patent numbers 10933 and 14971 of the year 1886
have been granted to us. When operating with such machines we keep the goods
under treatment only until thoroughly saturated when we remove the goods and place
them away for an interval as aforesaid. Great economy results from the fact
that relatively less oxidising agent and less acid are used and from the fact that
the whole of the liquor mixed is absorbed by the goods during a lengthened operation
and that practically all the dye is precipitated upon the fibres of the goods treated.
The relative amount of acid used being much less than is used in ordinary processes
the fibres are less injured or tendered than in the ordinary processes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
:-
(1.) The process for dyeing aniline black by the treatment of the goods with a bath
liquor prepared and used substantially as herein set forth and by allowing the goods
charged with the liquor which has been absorbed to rest or age until the re-action has
produced the desired result.
(2.) The process for dyeing aniline black wherein the goods to be dyed are
saturated to a suitable extent with a weak liquor containing a suitable aniline salt and
an oxidising agent or oxidising agents in such proportions as that the re-action will
take place slowly whilst the goods are ageing or lying at rest substantially as set forth
and indicated.
(3.) In the dyeing of goods to produce aniline black pumping or forcing a freshly
prepared weak bath liquor of the indicated nature through the goods until they are
saturated with the liquor removing the goods from the dyeing machine and stacking
them or putting them on one side to rest or age for about 24 hours more or less
until the slow re-action has taken place to the required extent substantially as set
forth.
Dated th: 00LL
C A
1 1000
DUTTON & FULTON,
1, St. James Square, Manchester,
Agents.