AN IMPROVEMENT IN ROLLERS EMPLOYED IN THE WASHING OF WOOL AND LINEN, IN THE SQUEEZING OF SIZED COTTON WARPS, AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edmund Johnson Mitchell, of Bradford, in the County
of York, Stuff Merchant, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
ROLLERS EMPLOYED IN THE WASHING OF WOOL AND LINEN, IN THE SQUEEZING
OF SIZED COTTON WARPS, AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES"
Sealed the 31st August 1855, and dated the 14th March 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said-Edmund Johnson Mitchell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
. the 14th March 1855.
I, EDMUND JOHNSON MITCHELL, of Bradford; in the 'County of York, Stuff
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " AN
IMPROVEMENT IN ROLLERS EMPLOYED IN THE WASHING OF WOOL AND LINEN, IN THE
SQUEEZING OF SIZED COTTON WARPS, AND OTHER' LIKE PURPOSES." to be as follows:-
In the washing of wool, wool is placed in an iron vessel with soap and water.
The water is heated, and the wool on being removed from the vessel is passed
through a pair of iron rollers. It is desirable that the wool should be pressed
as dry as possible, wherefore it is the practice to clotle or cover the upper
Foller with combed wool. This wool clothing to the roller is very expensive.
Now, my Invention consists in covering the upper roller with washers or
pieces of cloth, or other suitable textile fabric, but so as to present the edge of
the cloth outside; after the cloth washers or rings have been placed on the

page_text: roller, I submit them to hydraulic or other heavy pressure, say, to the extent
of three or four hundred tons, more or less, so as to make the face of the roller
hard and compact. The edges of the cloth being on the outside, it is not soon
worn away, and a certain amount of elasticity is obtained which is necessary
for the purpose.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edmund Johnson Mitchell in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 13th September 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDMUND
JOHNSON MITCHELL, of Bradford, in the County of York, Stuff Merchant,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Edmund Johnson Mitchell, Her special licence that I, the said
Edmund Johnson Mitchell, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Edmund Johnson Mitchell, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN ROLLERS EMPLOYED IN THE WASHING OF WOOL
AND LINEN, IN THE SQUEEZING OF SIZED COTTON WARPS, AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Edmund Johnson Mitchell,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE that I, the said Edmund Johnson Mitchell, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say:-
My Invention relates to the manufacture of rollers employed in the washing

page_text: of wool and linen, in the squeezing of sized cotton warps, and generally for all
purposes where a solid and compact, but at the same time slightly elastic, roller
is required; such, for instance, as for drawing and other rollers in spinning
frames. In the washing of wool, the wool is placed in an iron vessel with
soap and water; the water is heated, and the wool on being removed from the
vessel is passed through a pair of iron rollers to express the moisture from it.
It is desirable that the wool should be pressed as dry as possible, and it is
therefore the practice to clothe or cover the upper roller with combed wool.
This wool clothing or covering to the roller is very troublesome and expensive,
as it requires to be frequently renewed.
Now, my Invention consists in covering the upper roller employed in washing
wool, and other rollers used for the purposes herein-before mentioned, with
washers, rings, or pieces of cloth, felt, or other suitable textile fabric,placed so
as to present the edges at the outside or periphery of the roller, and submitted
to hydraulic or other heavy pressure,so as to make the face of the roller hard
and compact. The edges of the cloth being on the outside, it is not soon worn
away, and a certain amount of elasticity is obtained which is necessary for the
intended purpose.
Figure 1 of the Drawings annexed is a side view; and Figure 2, a longi-
tudinal section of a roller constructed according to my Invention. a is the
axis of the roller, and b is a flange or shoulder formed at one end of the axis,
and of the same diameter as the body of the roller; c, c, are washers, rings,
or segmental pieces of cloth, felt, or other suitable textile material, which
are placed round the axis a, and submitted to hydraulic or other heavy
pressure to the extent of three or four hundred tons, more or less, in order
to consolidate them and produce a compact body to the roller. When seg-
mental pieces of cloth are used, it is desirable that they should be so placed
around the axis as to make the radial junction lines of the adjoining pieces
break joint with each other; d is another flange or shoulder which holds the
pieces of cloth on the axis, and is secured in position by a nut e, or by means
of keys driven into corresponding grooves in the same manner as a wheel is
keyed on to a shaft. The roller being thus formed, is turned down to the
required size in a lathe, when it presents a hard and compact, but at the same
time slightly elastic, surface.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of a roller constructed according to my
Invention, in which the axis is of a large size as compared with the diameter
of the roller. In this case, if the washers, rings, or segmental pieces of cloth,
felt, or other material were put on in the manner described in reference to
Figures 1 and 2, the removal of so large a portion of their centres would render

page_text: them liable to start or spring away from the axis on the pressure being applied
to consolidate them, as before mentioned, and thus, although the roller might
exhibit no defect when turned down in the lathe, yet as soon as it was in work,
the side pressure it would have to undergo would produce considerable irregu-
larities in its surface, which would altogether unfit it for its intended use. To
obviatethis difficultyintermediatemetal washersff,areemployed, thediameter
of which is sufficiently greater than that of the axis to give support to the
washers, rings, or segmental pieces of cloth, felt, or other material without
affecting the uniformity of surface of the roller. The number of these washers
and their width will vary with the length and diameter of the roller, and the
size of its axis.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is, the
mode of manufacturing rollers employed in the washing of wool and linen,
in the squeezing of sized cotton warps, and for other purposes, where solid
and compact, but at the same time slightly elastic, rollers are required, by
covering the said rollers with cloth, felt, or other suitable textile material
placed so as to present the edges thereof at the outside or periphery of the
rollers, and submitted to heavy pressure, so as to produce a solid and com-
pact, but at the same time slightly elastic, surface, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edmund Johnson Mitchell, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of September, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-five.
E. J. MITCHELL. (L.S.)

page_text: FIC. 2
FIG. 1.
10
a

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edmund Johnson Mitchell, of Bradford, in the County
of York, Stuff Merchant, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
ROLLERS EMPLOYED IN THE WASHING OF WOOL AND LINEN, IN THE SQUEEZING
OF SIZED COTTON WARDS AND OTHER LIVE PUSD "
Scaled the 31st August 1855, and dated the 14th March 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edmund Johnson Mitchell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 14th March 1855.
I, EDMUND JOHNSON MITCHELL, of Bradford, in the County of York, Stuff
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN ROLLERS EMPLOYED IN THE WASHING OF WOOL AND LINEN, IN THE
SQUEEZING OF SIZED COTTON WARPS, AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
In the washing of wool, wool is placed in an'iron vessel with soap and water.
The water is heated, and the wool on being removed from the vessel is passed
through a pair of iron rollers. It is desirable that the wool should be pressed.
as dry as possible, wherefore it is the practice to clothe or cover the upper
roller with combed wool. This wool clothing to the roller is very expensive.
Now, my Invention consists in covering the upper roller with washers.or
pieces of cloth, or other suitable textile fabric, but so as to present the edge of
the cloth outside; after the cloth washers or rings have been placed on the

page_text: roller, I submit them to hydraulic or other heavy pressure, say, to the extent
of three or four hundred tons, more or less, so as to make the face of the roller
hard and compact. The edges of the cloth being on the outside, it is not soon
worn away, and a certain amount of elasticity is obtained which is necessary
for the purpose.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edmund Johnson Mitchell in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 13th September 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDMUND
JOHNSON MITCHELL, of Bradford, in the County of York, Stuff Merchant,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Edmund Johnson Mitchell, Her special licence that I, the said
Edmund Johnson Mitchell, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Edmund Johnson' Mitchell, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter-during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN ROLLERS EMPLOYED IN THE WASHING OF WOOL
AND LINEN, IN THE SQUEEZING OF SIZED COTTON WARPS, AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Edmund Johnson Mitchell,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edmund Johnson Mitchell, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say:-
My Invention relates to the manufacture of rollers employed in the washing

page_text: of wool and linen, in the squeezing of sized cotton warps, and generally for all
purposes where a solid and compact, but at the same time slightly elastic, roller
is required; such, for instance, as for. drawing, and other rollers in spinning
frames. In the washing of wool, the wool, is placed in an iron vessel with
soap and water; the water is heated, and the wool on being removed from the
vessel is passed through a pair of iron rollers to express the moisture from it.
It is desirable. that the wool should-be pressed as dry as possible, and it is
therefore: the practice to clothe or cover the upper roller with combed wool.
This wool clothing or covering to the roller is very troublesome and expensive,
as it requires to be frequently renewed.
Now, my Invention consists in covering the upper roller employed in washing.
wool, and other, rollers: used for the purposes, herein-before mentioned, with
washers, rings, or pieces of cloth, felt, or other suitable textile fabric, placed so
as to present the edges at the outside or periphery of the roller, and submitted:
to hydraulic or other heavy pressure, so as to make the face of the roller hard
and compact. The edges of the cloth being on the outside, it is not soon worn
away, and a certain amount of elasticity is obtained which is necessary for the
intended purpose.
Figure 1 of the Drawings annexed is a side, view,; and Figure 2, a longi
tudinal section of a roller constructed according to my Invention. a is the
axis of the roller, and b is a flange or shoulder formed at one end of the axis,
and of the same diameter as the body of the roller; c, c, are washers, rings,
or segmental pieces of cloth, felt, or other suitable textile material, which
are placed round the axis a, and submitted to hydraulic or other heavy
pressure to the extent of three or four hundred tons, more or less, in order
to consolidate them and produce a compact body to the roller. When seg-
mental pieces of cloth are used, it is desirable that they should be so placed
around the axis as to make the radial junction lines of the adjoining pieces
break joint with each other; d is another flange or shoulder which holds the
pieces of cloth on the axis, and is secured in position by a nut e, or by means
of keys driven into corresponding grooves in the same manner as a wheel is
keyed on to a shaft. The roller being thus formed, is turned down to the
required size in a lathe, when it presents a hard and compact, but at the same
time slightly elastic, surface.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of a roller constructed according to my
Invention, in which the axis is of a large size as compared with the diameter
of the roller. In this case, if the washers, rings, or segmental pieces of cloth,
felt, or other material were put on in the manner described in reference to
Figures 1 and 2, the removal of so large a portion of their centres would render

page_text: them liable to start or spring away from the axis on the pressure being applied
to consolidate them, as before mentioned, and thus, although the roller might
exhibit no defect when turned down in the lathe, yet as soon as it was in work,
the side pressure it would have to undergo would produce considerable irregu-
larities in its surface, which would altogether unfit it for its intended use. To
obviate this difficulty intermediate metal washers f,f, are employed, the diameter
of which is sufficiently greater than that of the axis to give support to the
washers, rings, or segmental pieces of cloth, felt, or other material without
affecting the uniformity of surface of the roller. The number of these washers
and their width will vary with the length and diameter of the roller, and the
size of its axis.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is, the
mode of manufacturing rollers employed in the washing of wool and linen,
in the squeezing of sized cotton warps, and for other purposes, where solid
and compact, but at the same time slightly elastic, rollers are required, by
covering the said rollers with cloth, felt, or other suitable textile material
placed so as to present the edges thereof at the outside or periphery of the
rollers, and submitted to heavy pressure, so as to produce a solid and com-
pact, but at the same time slightly elastic, surface, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edmund Johnson Mitchell, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of September, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-five.
E. J. MITCHELL. (L.S.)