IMPROVEMENTS IN BORING AND WINDING MACHINERY CONNECTED WITH BORING FOR MINERALS, WELLS, BLASTING, AND SUCH LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Hugh Shaw Dunn, of Riccarton, in the County
of Ayr, North Britain, Colliery Manager, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BORING AND WINDING MACHINERY CONNECTED WITH
BORING FOR MINERALS, WELLS, BLASTING, AND SUCH LIKE PURPOSES."
Sealed the 26th March 1872, and dated the 17th October 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hugh Shaw Dunn at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his -Petition, on
the 17th October 1871.
I, HUGH SHAW DUNN, of Riccarton, in the County of Ayr, North
Britain, Colliery Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BORING AND WINDING MACHINERY CONNECTED
WITH BORING FOR MINERALS, WELLS, BLASTING, AND SUCH LIKE PURPOSES," to be
as follows, that is to say :— .
This said Invention substantially consists in an improved machine as
a whole for raising and lowering or working and reciprocating the
boring tools for boring or sinking the first holes down through the strata

page_text: of the earth in searching for minerals, shales, oiles, water, and other
materials or purposes, as for blasting; and especially and particularly in
a new or improved construction of the parts of this machine for giving
the reciprocating and "jumping" action to the said tools and their rods
and connecting parts; applicable also to other constructions and arrange-
ment of such boring machines heretofore in uso whereby they are made
more simple and convenient in their action.
The general arrangement of the parts of one modification of this
machine as constructed in accordance with the first part of this
Invention and made in a self-contained portable manner for being
removed and set down at any place where the boring is to be effected,
consists of a strong rectangular basement wood framing having a
correspondingly formed large open vertical frame firmly secured to and
projecting up from its one end to a convenient height to carry the
"pillow" bearing blocks of the main centre or rocking spindle of the main
actuating beam or lever, to the overhanging free segmental end of which
the lifting chain is attached and linked to the boring brace and rods.
The wood framing is all firmly secured by screw bolts, strong iron knees,
and by the sole plate of the main centre pillow blocks, and that of the
main actuating gearing with the bearing standards and pillows or
plummer blocks of its shafts secured to the end of the frame below the
actuating end of the rocking beam. This actuating end of the beam is
connected by the upper and lower ends respectively of a new duplex
connecting rod to a crank or eccentric pin in a new construction and
arrangement of actuating disc wheel, made loose (not fixed as heretofore)
on the overhanging end of the main driving shaft and close to its main
driving toothed wheel, keyed thereon so as to actuate the disc by two.
opposite overlapping clutch or abutting driving pieces on each; the two
parts of the connecting rod being coupled by a sliding boss or cross head
which allows the two parts to slip or slide on each other and thus
shorten or compensate, so that the crank pin can turn the top centre
whatever may be the exact position of the beam (within the limits of
such motion of the two parts) after it and the boring tools have fallen
to their lowest cutting and "jumping" position; all so that as the
actuating disc and its crank pin have been so driven over or past the
lower centre by the tooth wheel after having drawn down the connecting
rod and beam to the same position or lift of the working tools (overy
time), which by their weight at the other end of the beam in falling to

page_text: their said lowest cutting and "jumping " position pull the connecting
rod up and disc round with them, which they are free to do at this
point or part by the disc being loose on its shaft, and so overrun its
driving toothed wheel for the up stroke of the crank pin and disc, which
is again turned over the top centre, as the driving clutches of the wheel
come round so as to pull down the duplex connecting rod and beain and
lift the boring rods and tool at its other end, a large surface india-rubber
washer (or other elastic or soft equivalent) being interposed between the
moving parts of the connecting rod to prevent the injurious shock to
the teeth of the driving wheels (and other parts) at the first action in
lifting the weight of the boring rods.
The main driving shaft and its actuating spur wheel are driven by an
intermediate shaft from the first motion shaft, both revolving in journal
bush bearing blocks secured on the same sole plate as the main shaft
reduced in speed by a train of reducing wheels, a pinion on the first
motion shaft actuating a large wheel on the second motion shaft, a
pinion on the other and of which actuates the main clutch wheel of the
crank disc.
The winding mechanism and drum for raising and lowering the wire
rope and the clearing pump in the bore or hole are actuated by a com-
plete duplicate train of wheels, and two shafts carried on corresponding
bearing blocks and a sole plate, all placed below the centre of the beam
and framing supporting it, and on the opposite side of the first motion
shaft, a pinion on the opposite side or end of which shaft actuates this
train of gearing the same as the pinion actuating the boring gearing
and mechanism, both pinions or coupling clutches working into them (at
opposite sides of the first motion shaft) are connected on their inner
sides by a connecting rod and reversing hand lever, which by its motion
in one direction throws the boring gearing and mechanism out of gear
and that of the winding mechanism into gear, whilst by a motion of the
lever in the opposite direction the boring mechanism is put into gear and
action when the winding gearing and barrel are thrown out of gear, and
the middle position of the lever may put both pinions out of gear when
neither mechanism is required.
The first motion shaft is actuated by preference by a belt pulley on
its one end and by a driving belt or strap passed over it from a corres-
ponding pulley on the first motion or crank shaft of the steam winch or

page_text: crab, which thus answers either for driving the boring, or the pump
winding mechanism, or the winding mechanism of the crab winch itself
for raising and lowering the boring rods and tools, in from twenty to
thirty feet lengths (of the boring rods) at a time, by a hook chain
passing over a pulley at the top of the "hoisting shears" or "tri poles "
crected over the bore and boring end of the beam; the wire rope passing
up from its winding drum past the side of the beam, also over a pulley
at the top besides the other pulley. The first motion shaft of the boring
and winding mechanism might also be driven by the direct action of a
single or double cylinder steam engine for the purpose when preferred,
instead of by the belt and belt pulleys referred to.
The segmental part of the end of the beam (on which the top links of
the actuating chain of the boring brace are attached and worked) is
made some few inches further from the centre of the chain and boring
brace than half the width of a usual chain, in an improved.manner, to
allow the large bosses and eyes of the boring rods to pass freely up and
clear of it, this distance being made up by making the working links
broader on that side next the segmental part, so as to bear and work on
it and keep the rods reciprocating vertically up and down over the bore
or hole and the length of the rods as the hole is bored is adjusted in
the ordinary way by their swivel scrow connection (at the brace) to the
said working part of the chain.
The actuating rocking beam is preferred. to be made of two strong
malleable iron plates securely bolted or rivetted together through the
segmental end, and three or more broad flanged tubes or hollow bosses
to maintain them at some distance apart and give the whole great
rigidity, having the main rocking and end connecting rod centres firmly
keyed through two of the hollow bosses and the side plates, and when
desired any proportional part of the weight of the boring rods may be
counterbalanced by weights hung to the opposite side or arm of the
beam, so as to regulate the force of the falling weight of the rods or blow
upon the particular tool to suit it and the nature of the strata through
which it is cutting at the time, and the further shock or momentum of the
overhanging end of the beam and loose chain (after the boring tools and
rods have struck the bottom) may be stopped by a spring or other
equivalent buffer placed below the beam on its supporting frame so
as to prevent unnecessary hard striking shocks or blows to these and
their connections.

page_text: The special parts or mechanism (connected with giving the recipro-
catory or "jumping" action to the tools and their rods) which are new
or improved, and applicable also as stated to other such like boring
machines or mechanism for the said purposes, are the duplex connecting
rod and its actuating loose crank disc and clutch connections, with the
driving wheel and shaft as described.
•
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Hugh Shaw Dunn in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 13th April 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HUGH
SHAW DUNN, of Riccarton, in the County of Ayr, North Britain, Colliery
Manager, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Hugh Shaw Dunn, Her special licence
that I, the said Hugh Shaw Dunn, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Hugh 'Shaw Dunn, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channe
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BORING AND
WINDING MACHINERY CONNECTED WITH BORING. FOR MINERALS, WELLS, BLASTING,
AND SUCH LIKE PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Hugh Shaw Dunn, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Hugh Shaw Dunn, do hereby declare

page_text: . performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, and to the several lotters and figures marked
thereon, that is to say :—
My said Invention substantially consists in an improved machine as a 5
whole for raising and lowering or working and reciprocating the boring
tools for boring or sinking the first holes down through the strata of the
earth in searching for minerals, coals, shales, oils, water, and other
materials or purposes, as for blasting; and especially and particularly in
a new or improved construction of the parts of this machine for giving 1
the reciprocating and "jumping" action to the said tools and their rods
and connecting parts; applicable also to other constructions and arrange-
ments of such boring machines which have been heretoforo in use,
whereby the new or improved machines, or those to which the said
improvements are applied, are made more simple and convenient in their 1
action than such boring machines have been as heretofore constructed.
And in order that the nature of my said Invention and the manner of
performing the same may be properly understood, I shall now proceed
to describe the several illustrative Figures on the Sheet of Drawings
which I have hereunto appended for the purpose of showing the best 2
modes and means I am at present aware of for performing or carrying
my said Invention into effect or practice, the same reference letters
indicating the same or like parts in all the Figures.
Figure 1 is a side elevation, and Figure 2 a corresponding plan, with
the long framing carrying the top pulleys shown as broken away and
partly removed with the pulleys and top of frame brought down in
Figure 1, all of a complete boring machine constructed in accordance
with and illustrative of one modification of my said Invention. Figure 3
is a transverse section, and Figure 4 is a corresponding face view
detached of the new or improved arrangement of mechanism for giving a
the reciprocating and "jumping" action to the boring tools and their
connecting and actuating parts, capable of being applied to many other
constructions of boring machines heretofore in use for the said purposes.
Referring to these Figures 1 to 4, the construction and general
arrangement of the parts of my said new or improved machine, as :
constructed in accordance with the first part of my said Invention, and

page_text: ·
made in a self-contained portable manner for being removed and set
down at any place where the boring is to be effected, consist of a strong
rectangular basement wood framing A having a correspondingly formed
large open vertical frame B, firmly secured to and projecting up from
its one end to a convenient height to carry the pillow bearing blocks B'
of the main centre or rocking spindle c of the main actuating beam or
lever O, to the upper overhanging free segmental end c' of which the lifting
chain D is attached at top and linked to the boring brace E and boring
rods F below. The wood framing A, B, is all firmly secured by screw
bolts a, a, strong iron knees b, b, and by the strong sole plate B" of the
main centre pillow blocks B' (shown as cast in one, although they may
be cast separately when preferred,) and those A" secured to the end of
the frame A below the actuating end c" of the rocking beam O; which
plate A and frame A carry the bearing standards I and pillow or
plummer blocks I', I", of the shafts of the main actuating gearing. This
actuated end of the beam O is connected by the upper ends j and
lower ends respectively of a new duplex connecting rod J, J', J", to a
crank or eccentric pin K in a new construction and arrangement of
actuating disc wheel L made loose (not fixed, as such crank discs have
been heretofore,) on the overhanging end of the main driving shaft M,
and close to or by preference within its main toothed driving spur wheel
N keyed on the said shaft so as to actuate the disc L by two opposite
overlapping clutch or abutting driving pieces O, O', respectively fixed or
bolted on each wheel or disc L, N. These two parts J, J¹, of the con-
necting rod are coupled by a sliding boss or cross head J", which allows
the two parts J, J', to slip or slide on each other and thus shorten (and
compensate for or accomodate itself to the varying position of the
beam to which the upper end J is connected) so that the crank pin K
can turn the top centre / whatever may be the exact position of the
beam 0 (within the limits of the motion of these two parts J, J',) after
it and the boring tools have fallen to their lowest cutting and "jumping
position, which is always varying as the tools and the hole get deeper;
all so that as the actuating disc L and its crank pin Ķ have been so
driven over or past the lower centre at. (by the toothed wheel N, after
having drawn down the connecting rod J, J', and beam O.to the highest
or same position or lift of the working rods and tools F every time,) the
weight of the rods F at the other end of the beam C in falling to their
lowest cutting and "jumping" position (to cut the rock or other strata
being bored) pulls the connecting rod J, J, J", up and disc L round
•
.
"

page_text: "
"
with them, which they are free to do at this point or part k' owing to the
disc L being loose on its shaft M, and SO overrun its driving toothed
wheel N on the up stroke of the crank pin K and disc L, which are
again turned over the top centre k of the pin K as the driving clutches
O' of the wheel N come round against the clutches O of the disc L, so
as to pull down the duplex connecting rod J, J, J", and beam C, and
lift the boring rods F and tool at its other end c'. The upper end of the
connecting rod is formed by the two short rods J, J, jointed at the top to
the outer end journals of the end centre c¹ of the beam C and below
cottered into the cross head J" sliding on the upper parallel part of
the main lower part J' of the connecting rod J, J', having a strong head
js fixed on it at the top, with a largo surfaced india-rubber washer Js (or
other elastic or soft equivalent) interposed between it and the cross head
J" (or the moving parts of the connecting rod J, J, and J',) to provent
the injurious shock or stroke to the teeth of the driving wheels (and
other parts) at the first action of the clutches O and O' in lifting the
weight of the boring rods at every stroke, as described. The main
driving shaft M and its actuating spur wheel N are driven by an
intermediate shaft P from the first motion shaft Q, both revolving in
journal bush bearing blocks I', I", secured on the iron sole plate A" of
the main shaft M, reduced in speed by a train of reducing wheels N, N',
and Q", Q³; the pinion Q³ on the first motion shaft Q actuating the
larger wheel Q" on the second motion shaft P, while the pinion N' on
the other end of this shaft P actuates the main clutch wheel N of the
new crank disc mechanism, shown to a large scale detached in Figures
3 and 4. The winding mechanism R, S, and drum T for raising and
lowering the wire rope t and the clearing pump from time to time, in
the bore or hole are actuated by a complete duplicate train of wheels
S', S", and two shafts R, S, carried on corresponding bearing blocks
I³, I', secured on the framing A, or it might be a sole plate (as A" of the
boring gearing), all placed below the centre c of the beam C and
framing B supporting it. The pinion Q is made to slide on the first
motion shaft Q by a groove and feather, so as either to gear into and
work the wheel Q" (as before stated, of the "jumping" and boring
mechanism,) or into the duplicate wheel S* on the intermediate shaft
R gearing and working into the wheel S", on the shaft S of the
winding drum T, all placed on the opposite side of the first motion shaft
Q to that of the boring gearing, and so as to wind and unwind the wire
rope t, indicated in red lines and passed over the overhead winding

page_text: =
"
pulley at the top of the "hoisting shears," "tri poles,' or frame U,
crected over the bore and end c of the beam C, and thus raise and
lower the cleaning pump attached to the end of the rope over and within
the bored hole at z when desired.
When desired however instead of making the small pinion Q' to slide
and work into the wheels Q", S³, of the boring and winding gearing
respectively, a similar separate pinion might be used for gearing into the
latter wheel S³, both pinions being either made to slide or made loose on
the shaft Q, so as to be put into gear and action by a connecting rod and
reversing hand lever, which by its motion in one direction, working into
an annular groove in the boss of the pinions, or a coupling placed
between them gearing into clutches on the adjacent ends of the pinions,
would throw the boring gearing and mechanism out of gear and that of
the winding mechanism into gear, whilst by a motion of the lever in
the opposite direction the boring mechanism would be put into gear and
action when the winding gearing and barrel were thrown out of gear,
and the middle or central position of this lever may be made to put both
pinions out of gear when neither mechanism is required. The first
motion shaft Q is actuated by preference by a belt pulley Q' on its one
end, and by a driving belt or strap q'.passed over it from a corresponding
large pulley q on the second motion or the crank shafts V, V₁, of the
steam winch or crab Z, which thus answers either for driving the said
boring, or the pump winding mechanism, or the winding barrel W and
mechanism on the crab winch Z itself for raising and lowering the
winding chain to of the boring rods F and tools (in from twenty to thirty
feet lengths at a time) by a hook and chain w, indicated in red lines,
passed over the pulley w¹ at the top of the "hoisting shears " or "tri
poles" U, erected over the bore and boring end c³ of the beam C.
The wire rope passes up from the winding drum T, past the side of the
beam C, also over the pulley at the opposite side and top beside the
other pulley to. The first motion shaft Q of the boring and winding
mechanism may also when preferred be driven by the direct action of a
single or double cylinder steam engine for the purpose instead of by the
belt q' and belt pulleys Q', q, referred to. The segmental part of the
end of the beam O (on which the top links D' of the actuating
chain D of the boring brace E are attached and worked) is made some
few inches further from the centre of the chain D and boring brace E
than half the width of a usual chain D, in an improved manner as at D',
to allow the large bosses and eyes of the boring rods F to pass freely up
:
.
•

page_text: and clear of it, this distance being made up by making the working
links D' broader on that side next the segmental part so as to bear
and work on it and keep the rods reciprocating vertically up and down
over the centre of the boro or hole, while the length of the rods Fas
the hole is being bored is adjusted in the ordinary way by their swivel
screw connections e (at the brace E) to the said working part D' of tho
chain D. The steam winch Z (which also actuates the boring and
winding mechanism) is of an ordinary portable class, with two outside
angled cylinders secured to the cheeks bolted down to the sole
framing ", formed of wood, to the back end of which the cast-iron sole
plato y of the steam boiler y¹ is also screwed, and which is of the
ordinary vertical class, all placed on a foundation or level bed of stone,
wood, or earth in the front of the framing A, B, of the boring and
winding mechanism, which is also placed on a similar level foundation.
The actuating rocking beam C is preferrod to be made of two strong
malleable iron plates C, securely bolted or riveted together through the
segmental end c, and three or more broad flanged tubes or hollow
bosses to maintain them at a sufficient distance apart to hold the
centres c, c¹¹, and give the whole great rigidity, having the main rocking
and end connecting rod centres c, c", firmly keyed through two of the
hollow bosses and tlic side plates O, and when desired any propor-
tional part of the weight of the boring rods may be counterbalanced by
weights, hung to the opposite side or arm C' of the beam C so as to
regulate the force of the falling weight of the rods or blow upon the
particular tool to suit it and the nature of the strata through which it is
cutting at the time, while the further shock or momentum of the over-
hanging end c¹ of the beam C and loose chain D (after the boring tools
and rods have struck the bottom) may be stopped by the buffer of a few
layers of india-rubber or other spring or equivalent buffer placed
below the beam C on its supporting frame or cross frame b' for the
purpose, all so as to prevent unnecessary hard striking, shocks or blows
to the beam C and its connections. The special parts or mechanism (for
giving the reciprocating or "jumping" action to the beam C and the
boring tools and rods) which are new or improved in my said machine
and Invention are, the duplex connecting rod J, J, J', J", and its
actuating loose crank disc L and clutch connections O, O', with their
driving wheels and shafts, as described, and these are applicable also, as
stated, to other such like boring machines or mechanism, especially those
with rocking beams (as C), for the said purpose; although this

page_text: improved mechanism may also be made to actuate a connecting rod
attached to a chain or wire rope passed over a pulley or otherwise from
the boring rods, the bending of the chain or rope allowing the crank
pin K to turn the top centre at every stroke, as described, by the
compensating connecting rods J, J', J".
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe that what I consider novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. The construction and arrangement of the parts of boring and
winding machines, mechanism, or machinery, substantially in the new
or improved manner and for the purposes herein described and shown in
the accompanying Drawings.
Second. The construction and arrangement of the mechanism for
giving the reciprocating and "jumping" action to the boring rods and
tools (whether applied to the general arrangement of boring and winding
machine herein particularly shown and described or the other machines
for the purposes and advantages also stated), all substantially as herein
described and distinguished as new or improved, and shown detached
more particularly in Figures 3 and 4.
Third. The constructing and arranging of the segmental ends of the
rocking beams of boring machines with shortened radii, enlarged by
bearing blocks to keep the centre of the working chain and tools in
true centre line, all substantially in the new or improved manner bercin
described and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Hugh Shaw Dunn, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Ninth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
30
Witness,
WILLIAM MCCULLOCH,
Engineer,
Kilmarnock.
HUGH SHAW DUNN. (L.S.)