Improved Mud Guard or Wheel Scraper for Cycles.
Year: 1896

page_text: Improved Mud Guard or Wheel Scraper for Cycles.
ANDREW SCOTLAND MARSHALL., 10 Stair Street, Maryhill in the County of
the City of Glasgow, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
My invention relates to the arresting of mud or any injurable material that may
adhere to the tyres of velocipedos or what is known as safety bicycles, or tricycles,
whose wheels tyres are fitted thereon and to which my invention is most applicable.
At a certain position on the tyres circumference such position may be fixed by
Assuming a vertical line passing through the centre of wheel and where the Enid
vertical line meets the ground and from this point to within an eigth or a quarter
of the circumference of the tyre and in the direction of rotation of wheel when
machine is running forward such being the said position. At this point on each
wheel Eny of a safety bicycle my improved mud guard as it is called may be fixed.
The mud or injurable material that may adhere to tyre being carried round from
the point above mentioned to within an eigth or a quarter of the circumference of
said tyre when it is arrested and deposited on the ground again. Thereby protecting
the rider of machine together with tyres, working and other parte thereof fron
mud or any injurable material. It offers no resistance to the air whilst machine is
running. It is very simple to attach to and detach from its position. It has few
working parts and such being thoroughly protected from injury. My invention
consists of a flat or rectangular shaped brush composed of bristles, wire or other
suitable material. Having on its upper side a pad to intercept any liquid that may
attempt to pass thereby. The said pad may be of indin rubber or other suitable
material and of suitable dimensions. The above mentioned or other materials
which may constitute the said brush together with the pad already mentioned may
be concave or otherwise shaped to suit the exterior surface of tyre with all
irregularities thereon. The said brush and pad to be bound together by a band
or stock of suitable material and made to fit said brush and pad. But where tyres
have a plane surface or free from irregularities thereon there may be used in place
of the said brush and pad a block of india rubber or other suitable material.
Having a stock or band thereon of same material as that of stock of brush already
described, and of suitable shape to suit said block. The above mentioned block
or brush and pad to have suitable guides on each side thereof of same material as
stock or band. The brush or block being held in position by means of two stay
rods passing along each side of wheel of machine. Whereon the said brush or
block travels outwards from and inwards to tyre by the means used for its
adjustment. Stay rods to be secured to back stay of back wheel and forks of
steering wheel of machine. The stays to be of a suitable form and fastened to
the parts already named by suitable fastenings. The brush or block is kept in
close contact with tyre by suitable springs. "The end of stay rods whereon brush
is placed to have ends screwed a suitable distance to suit out used in compressing
the said springs in connection with brush. But in place of screwing end of rods
I may fit a tube whose outside is similarly screwed and of the same length.
Having a suitable nut also a handle or other suitable means for revolving tube.
The tube will be secured to stays to prevent it slipping off by suitable means. The

page_text: brush and pad or block together with springs and guides and adjusting arrangement
thereof to be enclosed within a cover or casing of suitable shape and material and
having end next to tyre open. The casing or cover being fixed on stays by nuts
or other suitable meane. There may be fixed if necessary two strips of suitable
material of sufficient length breadth and shape on each side of tyre to the said
stay rods to prevent the material deposited by brush or block from spreading.
Dated this 24th day of August 1896.
ANDREW SCOTLAND MARSHALL.
Improved Mud Guard or Wheel Soraper for Oycles.
ANDREW SCOTLAND MARSHALL, 10, Stair Street, Maryhill in the County of
the City of Glasgow, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
iu what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to the arresting of mud or any injurable material that may
adhere to the tyres of velocipedes or what is known as safety bicycles, tricycles,
or other such like vehicles, whose wheels tyres are fitted thereon and to which my
invention is most applicable.
At a certain position on the tyres circumference such position may be fixed by
assuming a vertical line passing through the centre of wheel and where the said
vertical line meets the ground and from this point to within an eigth or a quarter of
the circumference of the tyre and in the direction of rotation of wheel when machine
is running forward such being the said position. At this point ou each wheel say
of a safety bicycle my "improved mud guard or wheel scraper for cycles" may
be fixed. The mud or injurable material that may adhere to tyre being carried
round from the point already mentioned to within an eigth or a quarter of the
circunference of said tyre when it is arrested and deposited on the ground again.
Thereby protecting the rider of machine together with tyres, working or other
parts thereof from mud or any injurable material. It offers no resistance to the
air whilst machine is running. It is very simple to attach to and detach from its
position. It has few working parts and such being thoroughly protected from
injury.
DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1. Plan of apparatus showing section through casing ou line A. B. suitable
for internal adjustment of brush or block. Brush being shown. Also section of
joint of stay rod connection.
Fig. 2. Elevation of apparatus.
Fig. 3. View looking on open end of casing and face of brush, with stay rods
removed.
Fig. 4. Section through plan of casing on line A. B. suitable for external
adjustment of brush or block. Block being shown.
Fig. 5. Plan of stay rod attachment to framework of machine.
Fig. 6. Elevation of stay rod attachment to framework of machine.
My invention consists of a flat or rectangular shaped brush A. Fig. 1. Fig. 3.
The brush may be at right angles to the surface of tyre at point of contact or at
any angle necessary thereto. So that as the wheel revolves it causes a constant
springiness or agitation in brush thereby rendering it more effective in depositing
the mud aud injurable material on ground. Said brush. may be composed of
bristles wire, or other suitable material having on its upper side a pad B. Fig. 1.
Fig. 3. so as to intercept any liquid or material that may percolate through or be

page_text: spurted up by said brush. Said pad may be of india rubber, leather or other
suitable material. The above mentioned or other inaterials which may constitute
said brush A. together with pad B. may be concave or otherwise shaped to suit
the exterior surface of tyres with all irregularities thereon. Pad B. may be fixed
to stock C. of brush A by a metal band D. or other suitable means thereto. The
brush A. may be applied to tyres with or without irregularities, but it is most
applicable to surfaces whose irregularities form interstices thereon so that the
brush may take out thorefrom mud or injurable material lodging in same.
I may
use in place of the said brush and pnd, a block E Fig. 4. said block may be solid
or made up of layers of india rubber, leather or other suitable matorial, having a
metal band F Fig. 4 for securing said block. Block and band to be shaped to suit
exterior surface of tyre. The above mentioned block is most applicable to tyres
whose surfaces are free from irregularities. But it can be used with efficiency on
tyres whose surfaces grooves or projectious are formed thereon and running in a
straight course round circumference of tyre and of equal depths and heights so
that block in its course will have no crevices to pass over. The above mentioned
brush and pad or block already described to have suitable metal guides G. on each
side thereof and secured to stock C Fig. 1 or by band F. Fig. 4 said guides G to
have projectious V. thereon Fig. 1. Fig. 4. In order that brush A and block E.
may have a constant pressure bearing thereon and the means used for producing
such pressure to be capable of accommodating itself to the irregularities on tyres
surface or to the eccentricity of wheel if such condition should exist. I prefer to
use a spring T with a nut R said spring acting against arms of guide G. uut R.
for compressing spring. But on uncompressing said spring the nut R comes.
in contact with arms or projections V. thereby withdrawing brush or block
from tyre.
The said brush A or block B being held in position by means of stay rods H
passing along each side from the centre to the periphery of wheel of machine
whereon the said brush or block travels outwards from and inwards to tyre by the
means used for there adjustment. With centre of wheel as axis and upou said
axis stay rods H to be capable of turning round thereon and be fixed in any desired
position. Said stay rods may be solid or tubular of oblong or other suitable shape
so that they may be as light as possible consistent with strength. End N of stay
rods to be disc shaped, end Q to be sorowed to suit adjusting nut R. said nut being
revolved or adjusted through slots S on side of casing U. Fig. 1. But casing U₁
Fig. 4 having no slots on side thereof. Therefore I leave end Q of stay rods
unscrewed and fix a tube R capable of revolving thereon. Said tube to be screwed
on outside to suit adjusting nut R'. On end of said tube I fix a nut or disc R
capable of revolving tube R' but by shaping uut R' to side of casing U it is
prevented from rotating, being then only capable of travelling backwards and
forwards on said tube. Thereby adjusting and releasing brush or block in the
same manner as explained and shown in Fig. 1.
The brush A or block E together with springs, guides, and adjusting arrangements
Fig. 1 or Fig. 4 may be enclosed either within a casing U Fig. 1 or U Fig. 4. and
capable of freely working in sume having end next tyre open. Sufficient clearance
to be left between tyre and casing. Upper side of casing being kept closer to tyre
than under in order to form a support to brush and pad or block. Said casings to
be secured to stay ruds in a suitable manner.
In order to prevent any material from brush or block spreading in direction
of wheel I may fit guards W Fig. 1-2. Fig. 3-4 on each side of tyre and close
thereto and secured to stays or casings in a suitable manner.
To release axle of wheels of any strains that may be produced by the action of
brush or block and to distribute said straius in an efficient manner, I use a lever J
Fig. 1. Fig. 2. having a disc shaped end M. also projections L thereon, said,
projections to fit framework leading to axle of machine.
I may turn end M of lever J up like a hook thus J and bore a hole through stem
of lever to fit axle and secure it thereon by the usual nut used for securing

page_text: framework to axle, said hook being adapted to receive said nut, and keep disc M
in centre of wheel.
Or lever J and stay rods H may be secured to axle of wheel by extending said
axle or such extension may be formed by a pin I Fig. 1, whose head is bored and
screwed to fit said axle the head thereby taking the place of nut used in securing
framework to axle. The means used in either case for securing stay rods to
levers J. Said means may be bolts or pins whose heads or nuts may be formed
similar to nut P. having flats thereon necessary for a spanner and projections or
jaws suitable for the employment of a lever. Thereby greatly facilitating it or
there adjustment.
In order to join two parts or articles so that when brought together the joint
will be rigid and free from slip. Therefore in order to produce a joint fulfilling
Buch conditions between the disc shaped ond N of stay rods H and disc shaped
end M of lever J. I serrate, barb, or roughen the face or surface M lever J.
The face or surface of N stay rods H may be treated in a similar manner, and
hetween said faces I may place a material capable of allowing the sorrated, barbed,
or roughened faces M aud N. to faston or penetrate therein. But I prefer to have
said material secured to serrated, barbed, or roughoned surface N, or in any other
suitable manner thereto.
In order to make a simple and efficient means of fastening stay rod connection
to framework of machine independant of axle but still radiating from centre of
wheel, and which can be easily attached to or detached from its position. Said
means having thereon iuclined or tapered parts so that when said parts are
brought together they tightly embrace article to be secured to. I employ a
lever Y Fig. 5 Fig. 6 having a disc shaped end M similar to and joined or jointed
in a similar manner as that employed between lever J and disc N of stay rods H.
having a palm Y' on said lever with tapered or inclined edges Z also a band or
strap having corresponding tapered or inclined edges.
When strap X is brought in contact with palm Y it tightly wedges, and
embraces part intended to be attached to. Palm and strap can be made to fit any
part desired to be fixed to. Fig. 5 being an example of its employinent.
Surfaces of said parts may be lined if necessary so as not to injure or maul surface
of part attached to.
Having now particularly described aud ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manuer the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
olaim is.
1. In combination with brush A. pad B. and guides G said pad and guides.
may be secured to stock C of brush or bound by band D thereto substantially as
and for the purposes herein before described.
2. In combination with block E. Land F and guides G said guides to be
secured to or by band F substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore
described.
3. In combination with springs S. nut R Fig. 1. and in combination with
tube R springs S. nut R¹ nut R Fig. 4 substantially us and for the purposes
hereinbefore described.
4. In casing U Fig. 1. in combination with guards W, and casing U Fig. 4 in
combination with guards W. substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore
described.
5. In combination with the improved mud guard, stay rods H and levor J.
or stay rods H and hooked lever J. substantially as and for the purposes
herein before described.
6. In combination with the improved mud guard, stay rods H and lever Ja
joint O. or stay rods H, and hooked lever J, a joint O. substantially as aud for the
purposes herein before described.
7. In combination with the improved mud guard, stay rods H, and lever J, a
pin and out P. or stay rods H and hooked lever J, bolts or pius whose heads

page_text: or nuts are formed or shaped similar to nut P, substantially as and for the purposes
hereinbefore described.
8. In combination with the improved mud guard, stay rods H, a lever Y and
strap X Fig. 5 and 6. substantially as and for the purposes herein before
described.
9. In combination with the improved mud guard, stay rods H, lever Y and
strap X, a joint O. substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described.
10. In combination with the improved mud guard stay rods H, lever Y strap X
and joint O, bolts or pins whose heads or nuts are formed or shaped similar
to nut P. substantially as and for the purposes herein before described.
11. The improved mud guard or wheel scraper for cycles constructed, arranged,
and operating substantially as and for the purposes herein described and explained,
and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this Eighth day of February 1897.
ANDREW S. MARSHALL.