A NEW AND IMPROVED MODE OF STOPPING AND STARTING TRAMWAY CARS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Henry Betteley, of Cornhill, in the City.
of London, for the Invention of "A NEW AND IMPROVED MODE OF
STOPPING AND STARTING TRAMWAY CARS."
Sealed the 21st August 1874, and dated the 23rd February 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Henry Betteley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 23rd February 1874.
I, JOSEPH HENRY BETTELEY, of Cornhill, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW AND IMPROVED
MODE OF STOPPING AND STARTING TRAMWAY CARS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in adapting to an ordinary tramway car an
arrangement by means of which the car may be stopped with facility,
and a first impulse given to it to start it again, thereby avoiding the first
strain by the horses in order to start the car.
The following is an example of my said Invention :—On one of the
axles of the wheels of a tramway car I place two friction mitre wheels

page_text: opposite to each other. One of the said mitre wheels is keyed on the
axle, the other is loose thercon.
Between the two aforesaid mitre wheels I place another friction mitro
wheel which may be brought into contact with the two aforesaid mitre
wheels by means of a lever, treadle, or other suitable contrivance. To
the loose mitre wheel is fixed a pulley running loose therewith on the
axle of the car. Close to the said loose pulley a cog wheel is keyed on
the axle and a doublo pawl, having its
to work in the teeth of the cog wheel.
fulcrum on the said pulloy so as
Opposite to the aforesaid pulley are placed one or more metallic or
india-rubber springs connected therewith by means of a chain which
passes over a sheave.
I will now proceed to describe the manner by which a tramway car
rolling on its rails may be stopped and started by means of the above
described arrangement.
To stop the car the centre friction mitre wheel is brought into contact
with the two mitre wheels on the axle by means of the lever or treadle,
which transmits counter motion to the pulley and cog wheel, thus acting
as a break on the axle. The loose mitre wheel running in an opposite
direction to that of the car carrying with it the pulley round which the
chain connected with the springs will coil until the end of the said
chain coming into contact with the sheave over which it passes prevents
any further strain on the said springs. While this pulley is turning
round the pawl affixed thereto follows its motion round the keyed cog
wheel until the car stops, the pawl will then lock the loose pulley.
When the car is about to be started again the middle friction mitre is
drawn back, and the loose pulley being released will be pulled round
with the cog wheel, axle, and the wheels of the car by the action of the
springs, thus starting the car.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 3
filed by the said Joseph Henry Betteley in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 22nd August 1874.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Henry Betteley, Her special
licence that I, the said Joseph Henry Betteley, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph Henry Betteley,
my exccutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
usc, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"A NEW AND IMPROVED MODE OF STOPPING AND STARTING, TRAMWAY CABS," upon.
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph Henry Betteley,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and scals, should particularly describe.
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Henry Betteley, do hereby'
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, that is to say :-
:
.
This Invention consists in adapting to an ordinary tramway car an
arrangement by means of which the car may be stopped with facility,
and a first impulse given to it to start it again, thereby avoiding the
first strain by the horses in order to start the car.
J
The following is an example of my said Invention:-On one of the
axles of the wheels of a tramway car I place two friction mitre wheels
opposite to each other.. One of the said mitre wheels is keyed on the
axle, the other is loose thereon..
Between the two aforesaid mitre wheels I place another friction mitre
wheel which may be brought into contact with the two aforesaid mitre.
wheels by means of a lever, treadle, or other suitable contrivance. To,
the loose mitre wheel is fixed a pulley running loose therewith on the
axle of the car. Close to the said loose pulley a cog wheel is keyed on
+
"

page_text: the axle and a double pawl, having its fulcrum on the said pulley so as
to work in the teeth of the cog wheel.
Opposite to the aforesaid pulley are placed one or more metallic or
india-rubber springs.connected therewith by means of a chain which
passes over a sheave.
I will now proceed to describe the manner by which a tramway car
rolling on its rails may be stopped and started by means of the above.
described arrangement.
To stop the car the centre friction mitre wheel is brought into contact
with the two mitre wheels on the axle by means of the lever or treadle
which transmits counter motion to the pulley and cog wheel, thus acting
as a brako on the axle. The loose mitre wheel running in an opposite
direction to that of the car, carrying with it the pulloy round which the
chain connected with the springs will coil until the end of the said
chain coming into contact with the sheave over which it passes prevents
any further strain on the said springs. While this pulley is turning
round the pawl affixed thereto follows its motion round the keyed cog
wheel until the car stops, the pawl will then lock the loose pulley.
When the car is about to be started again the middle friction mitre is
drawn back, and the loose pulley being released will be pulled round
with the cog wheel axle and the wheels of the car by the action of the
springs, thus starting the car.
And in order to explain my said Invention more fully I now proceed
to describe the means by which it may be carried into practical effect,
reference being had to the illustrative Sheet of Drawing accompanying
these Presents, and to the numeral figures and letters of reference
marked thereon respectively, as follows:-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
. Figure 1 is a sectional elevation through the line X, Y, of Figure 2,
which is an under side view of the framework of a tramway car fitted
with the stopping and starting apparatus. A is the framework of the
car; B, B', the axles. On the axle B are placed two wheels C, C¹, onc
of which C is keyed thereon, and the other C has a pulley D fixed
thereto and running loose on the axle B. Close to this is keyed on the
axle a ratchet wheel E, into the teeth of which works a double pawl E¹.
A chain F fixed at one end to the pulley D passes over a sheave d, the
other end of the said chain is attached to springs G. A third wheel H to

page_text: out of gear with the wheels C, C',)
When it is desired to stop the car
create counter motion is put in and
by means of levers K and chains L.
one of the levers K is depressed and the wheel H is thus put in gear, the
effect of which is to give to the pulley D a contrary motion. The
chain will coil itself around the pulley D, thereby expanding the
springs G until they come in contact with the sheave d which will
prevent any further strain on them. While the pulley D is turning
round the pawl E¹ follows in the same direction round the ratchet
wheel E until the car stops, when the pawl E¹ will lock the loose
pulley D. When the car is about to be started again the wheel H is
drawn out of gear, the pulley D is pulled round with the ratchet
wheel E and axle B by the action of the springs G, and thus starts
the car.
Figures 3 and 4 are an elevation and a plan showing a mode of
coupling the axles B, B', by crossing a continuous chain M passed over
two dragon wheels N, N¹, to one of which is attached the pulley D
having a chain F fixed to springs similar to those marked G in Figures 1.
and 2. The wheels C, O¹, and H are replaced in these Figures by a
clutch O, and the wheel E and doublo pawl E¹ are fixed on the axle B,
thus producing the counter motion.
Figure 5 is another mode of passing the chain M over the wheels N, N',
by which all the wheels are acted upon for stopping or starting the car
or cars, and may be made continuous throughout a train.
Figuro 6 shows a mode of communicating the motion of the axle B to
the pulley D by means of a clutchi O, dragon wheel N, and crown
wheels P, P¹; P
-
Figure 7 shows the motion of the axle communicated to the pulley D
by means of a movable disc Q, the inside surface of which is either
turned or lined with leather or other suitable substance, and is brought.
to bear against the surface, also turned or lined with leather (or other
suitable substance) of a mitre R, which transmits its motion to the
pulley D through the other mitres R', R".
Figure 8 shows a mode of transmitting the motion of the axle B
by means of an outside friction cone S made to gear with an inside
cone St
Figure 9 is another mode of conveying the motion of the axle B to

page_text: the pulley D by means of a clutch O, or otherwise wheel T and
pinion T¹ placed on a second axle U on which is keyed the pulley D.
Having now described and set forth the nature and object of my said
Invention for "A New and Improved Mode of Stopping and Starting
Tramway Cars," I would remark in conclusion that I do not intend to
limit or confine myself to the precise details above described and
represented, but what I claim as my Invention and desiro to secure by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, stopping and
starting cars propelled by horse, steam, or other power, by means of a
spring or springs connected with a pulley or drum fixed on an axle
actuated by the motion of the car or cars, substantially as described and
represented.
In witness whereof I, the said Joseph Henry Betteley, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of August,