matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE DISTANCE TRAVELLED BY CABS AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick John Sweeting at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 6th April 1870.
I, FREDERICK JOHN SWEETING, of the Clyde Dry Dock, Rotherhithe,
in the County of Surrey, Ship Builder, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE
DISTANCE TRAVELLED BY CABS AND OTHER VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an arrangement of mechanism whereby the
distance travelled by a cab or other vehicle can be indicated on a dial
or dials placed inside or at some other part of the vehicle, and within
sight of the person or persons riding therein. I fit a series of toothed
wheels in a case or box, and I actuate the wheels by levers or rods
leading from a cam or eccentric on the nave or other convenient part of
the wheel so that a to-and-fro movement is imparted to the levers, and
thus produce the rotation of the wheels. I prefer to fit a pin or stud
on the faces of the wheels, so that on cach revolution thereof the pin
shall fall into a tooth and move the wheel in which it is engaged a
given distance. Springs are employed to prevent the wheels rotating
unless acted upon by the pins. The wheels may have as many teeth on

page_text: them as found most convenient for moving the hands or pointers of the
dial or dials the required distanco to indicate the travel. In some cases.
a spring may be employed to keep the first motion lever against or in
contact with the cam or eccentric. The first motion lever is capable of
being thrown into and out of action by the driver at any moment..
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND TWISTING OR DOUBLING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th June
1870.
I, JOSEPH SMITH, of Keighley, in the County of York, Machine
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND TWISTING OR DOUBLING
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates chiefly to "cap frames," but is also applicable
to any of that class of spinning or twisting machinery wherein the
required rotary motion of the bobbins, tubes, cups, or flyers is produced
by bands passing around wharles or whirls and a tin (or other) roller
which gives motion to them, and where the said wharles or whirls
are traversed or have a lifting and lowering motion imparted to them
in addition to their rotary motion. In the practical working of this
class of machinery it is well known that the tension of these bands vary
by reason of this traverse motion of the wharles or whirls, and the
consequence is that an unequal twist or a want of uniformity in the
spinning or doubling is the effect. Now to remedy this evil I place a

page_text: roller or a rod to press upon each or a series of the bands intermediately
betwixt the tin roller and the wharles of such suitable weight as to take
up the slack and therefore maintain an equal tension on the said bands
at all times.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COACH OR CARRIAGE AXLES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Rigby at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th January
1870.
I, JOHN RIGBY, of Wednesbury, in the County of Stafford, Trading
under the Style or Firm of “ John Rigby and Sons," Axletree Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COACH OR CARRIAGE AXLES,"
to be as follows :—
The object of this Invention is by the means herein-after described
to construct an improved coach or carriage axle which shall work
noiselessly and with safety.
My improvements relate to the box of the axle, the head of which is
elongated, and being hollow has a suitable thread cut therein to receive
a screwed nut working upon or around the arm, and which said nut
when screwed fully into its socket will securely hold the arm in the
barrel of the box in such manner as to effectually prevent any such
rattling and consequent noise as is produced by the ill-fitting axles now
generally made.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPECTACLES, EYE-GLASSES, AND LIKE ARTICLES,
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Henry at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th June
1870. A communication from abroad by Eloi Eugene Narcisse
Derogy, of 17, Boulevard Saint Martin, Paris, France.
I, MICHAEL HENRY, of Fleet Chambers, 68, Fleet Street, in the City
of London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPECTACLES, EYE-GLASSES, AND LIKE ARTICLES,”.
communicated to me from abroad by Eloi Eugene Narcisse Derogy, of
17, Boulevard Saint Martin, Paris, France, to be as follows:-
Hitherto the glasses of spectacles, eye-glasses, and other like articles.
have been made of ordinary glass or window glass made convex or
concave as required, and sometimes of rock crystal or pebbles.
According to this Invention achromatic glasses are employed for
spectacles, eye-glasses, and other similar articles. Such glasses have not
hitherto been employed for the purpose.
A mode of causing such glasses to remain steadily in the frame consists
in forming a groove either in the edge of the glass or the frame, in which

page_text: groove a thread or strip of caoutchouc or similar elastic material is
inserted. The portions of the frame on the upper and under side of the
glass form a spring (or a spring is combined therewith), so that the glass
is steadily held in its frame..
AN- IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR GYMNASTIC EXERCISES ON Two SEMICIRCULAR PARALLEL ARCHES WITH STARTING AND SAFETY PLATFORMS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Boisset at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
October 1870.
I, JEAN BOISSET, of No. 6, Berkley Street, in the Parish of St.
James and St. John, Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex, Acrobat,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN- IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR GYMNASTIC EXERCISES ON Two SEMICIRCULAR PARALLEL ARCHES
WITH STARTING AND SAFETY PLATFORMS," to be as follows:-
This apparatus is a parallelogram, of which each longitudinal side is
formed by two boards A respectively measuring in length ten feet, in
breadth two inches and three-quarters, and in thickness two inches.
These two boards being connected with each other at their respective
extremities by an iron arch B secured to the sides of the boards by
strong iron bolts, and leaving between the said extremities a space of one
foot six inches, which said arches form the middle point of the whole
apparatus, the length of which is twenty-one feet six inches. Each of
the two arches B consists of two pieces of strong flat iron secured
together by rivets. The two arches B are connected at their centre
point D by a strong flat iron platform C, which is the starting platform,

page_text: and is movable. At the summit D of each arch is a small semi-(iron)
circle used to fix the suspension guys E. The open space between the
longitudinal side is one foot eight inches wide, and is kept invariable at
each extremity of the apparatus by two strong iron cross bars F and G
placed at two feet nine inches from each other. The cross bar F has at
each end a screw bolt with an eye to which guys are fixed. The cross
bar projects nine inches each side of the apparatus, and is also provided
at both ends with a screwed eyed bolt H'. At each side of the arch B,
and in the interior of the apparatus, are two resting padded folding
boards I. At the height of six feet eight inches above the platform C,
and between the guys E, is fixed another springing platform J, secured
by the guys K. The lower extremities of the latter being fastened to the
eye screws H'. To each iron cross bar G are suspended two small iron
trapezes L covered with india-rubber. To each cross bar F is suspended
a single trapeze M constructed as the preceding ones, but of larger
dimensions. The rings N are the means of suspending the apparatus.
The screw rings P hold the flying guys or ropes Q. The angles com-
prised between the cross iron bars F and G as also between the cross
iron bars G and the resting padded folding boards I are smoothed in
order that the performer may not be hurt. The whole apparatus is kept
immovable by means of hemp and metallic guys fastened to the cyc
screws H.
IMPROVEMENTS IN. WATERPROOF GARMENTS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO GARMENTS, IN GENERAL
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bullock at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
August 1870.
I, WILLIAM BULLOCK, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN.
WATERPROOF GARMENTS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO GARMENTS,
IN GENERAL," to be as follows:--
This Invention relates principally to india-rubber or other waterproof
overcoats and overalls or leggings, and is designed for the purpose of
allowing a free ventilation in such garments, at the same time that they
are perfectly waterproof.
The Invention consists chiefly in the employment of open seams, the
edges of the fabric being made to overlap each other about an inch
(more or less) and being attached together only at intervals, so as to
leave ample room for the admission of cool air and the emission of
heated air.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CYLINDERS AND ROLLERS USED FOR CARDING COTTON, WOOL, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Evan Arthur Leigh at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th February 1870.
I, EVAN ARTHUR LEIGH, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CYLINDERS AND ROLLERS
USED FOR CARDING COTTON, WOOL, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows :-
This Invention consists principally in so forming the cylinders,
doffers, and rollers of carding engines that wrought iron, malleable
cast iron or rolled iron may be used instead of ordinary cast iron as at
present, whereby the weight is lessened about one-half, and the power
required to drive the same reduced considerably; thus in constructing
the main cylinders, doffers, and taker-ins of carding engines I make
the main shafts and rings nearly as usual only much lighter of
annealed cast iron; I leave the rings about two inches less in diameter
than the intended cylinder; after having keyed the rings on the
shafts and turned up the flanches I place transversely a number of
rolled iron spouts or troughs about five inclies apart across the rings,
and rivet them firmly to the flanches of the rings. These small troughs
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOOKS, AND THE MEANS FOR SECURING THE SAME
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Paget at the Office of
"
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st January
1870.
I, ARTHUR PAGET, of Loughborough, in the County of Leicester,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN HOOKS, AND THE MEANS FOR SECURING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My improvement consists in the application to hooks of a link or clip
so arranged as to embrace or pass across the opening of the hook, and
being independant of joints or hinges, when securing the hook such link
or clip being secured in its place on the hook by the spring action of a
portion of the link or clip, so as to prevent the hook from being unhooked
by shaking. It is evident that the link or clip may be prevented
from being removed from the hook-by the addition of a pin either
passing through the link, the hook, or both, or by any other convenient
method.
17
If. the clip is so formed as to embrace the nose or point of the hook
it may thus be made to add considerably to the strength of the hook.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGES FOR BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th April 1870.-A communication from abroad by B. B.
Hotchkiss, residing at Vienna, Austria.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the "International Patent Office,"
Southampton Buildings, London, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGES FOR
BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," a communication, to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved mode of packing for the primers
and percussion caps of cartridges for breech-loading fire-arms to prevent
the escape of gas. I prefer to use a packing made of paper in the form
of a small ring or disc of the size of the primer or cap cavity, the said
ring or disc is placed either on the primer or in the said cavity, and the
Instead of
primer or cap is then pressed down tightly on the same.
paper I may use other materials which are softer than the material from
which are made the cartridges, primers, and primer cavities. By using
a waterproof disk the primers are made absolutely impervious to water.
In some cartridges the packing in the form of a flat disc is placed
between the primer and the bottom of the cap cavity, but in other forms
of cartridges, for instance, such as those wherein the primer has a neck

page_text: similar to a rim-fire cartridge the packing may be a conical or concavo-
convex ring surrounding a portion of the primer. In cartridges pro-
vided with a percussion cap the cap is forced down into the cap cavity
upon the packing ring and between the same and the inner surface of
the cavity. The aforesaid packing may also be applied to the rim of the
cartridge..
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CLEANING AND SCOURING
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Cuthell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
November 1870.
I, ALEXANDER CUTHELL, of Matley Hall, near Hyde, in the County
of Chester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CLEANING AND SCOURING," to be as follows:-
This apparatus consists of a head and handle similar to those of an
ordinary floor brush or broom, but it is preferred that the head should
be covered with woollen cloth or other material possessing a degree of
spring or elasticity in place of hair with which such articles are usually
provided, or a combination of such material and hair may be employed.
A wringer is attached to the back of the head by a suitable hinge,
and which consists of a flat board or surface of wood or other suitable
material with a handle rigidly attached thereto. The cleaning or
scouring material or materials may be affixed to a moveable part attached
to the head by any suitable means. In order to use the wringer the
same is turned over upon its hinge by means of the handle and pressed
upon the cleaning or scouring material or materials with which the head
is furnished. These arrangements may be modified by adding a brush or

page_text: .
other rubber which is fixed on the brush by dividing the hinge, and
forming a space in the centre thereof, or such supplementary brush or
rubber may be applied to either end of the head. A brush or other
rubber may also be attached to an arm arranged under the handle of the
cleaner or scourer so that it can be moved downwards towards the head 5
when required.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND CONSTRUCTION OF SKIRTS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Brady at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th March
1870.
I, JAMES BRADY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND CONSTRUCTION OF SKIRTS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention is designed for the purpose of manufacturing and
producing that portion of a lady's clothing termed the skirt in a durable,
economical, and renewable form.
The improvements consist in producing the appearance of a tuck or
open work around the skirt by sewing two pieces of material together
that will form a slot, into which plain or coloured tape or cords may be
afterwards drawn, and which are readily withdrawn and renewed by the
placing of new tapes or cords therein. One of the materials forming
the slot may have an open figured work designed upon it so that the
coloured tape or cord will be exposed through the holes or openings,
and thus form a pleasing and tasteful appearance. The stiffness of the

page_text: cord or tape will give to the skirt expansion or fulness that will cause
the outer garments to stand out, thereby preventing mud or other dirt
being thrown on to and received by the lower parts of the skirt. The
slots containing the stiffened tape or cord may be secured to the upper
part of the skirt by slip cords passing through eyelets, or may be t
attached by buttons, thus enabling the wearer to replace a new bottom
portion of the skirt to the upper portion thereof, by which arrangement
the wearer is enabled to adapt the skirt worn according to the weather..
The lower portion of the skirt may also be made reverseable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR BRACELETS AND SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philipp Wohack at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
August 1870.
I, PHILIPP WOHACк, of Maddox Street, Regent Street, in the County
of Middlesex, Manufacturing Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR BRACELETS AND
SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention consists in so manufacturing the fastenings for bracelets
(and similar articles) that great security is obtained as well as a simple
and effective fastening which can be arranged in the thickness of the
bracelet, having merely an ornamental stud on the outside for turning a
small plate placed in connection with a spring inside.
That the Invention may be readily understood reference is made to
accompanying Drawings, whereon the parts referred to, though shown,
will be concealed in the thickness of the bracelet.
Fig. 1. represents a bracelet open. a, a, a, is the spring; b, the turning
plate with stud c fixed thereon; d is the catch.

page_text: Fig. 2 shows the bracelet in the act of being opened. The plate b is
turned anglewise, which consequently widens out the spring a, a, a, and
allows the catch d to be released or passed through, and consequently the
bracelet opens. The stud c on the plate b is furnished with an orna-
mental head, which appears on the outside of the bracelet when finished,
and is of any suitable form, so that it can be easily turned by the finger
and thumb.
Fig. 3 shows the bracelet closed by being clasped to the catch d, being
secured by the clips of the spring a, a, a, closing thereon, the turning
plate 6 being in its original position.
b
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Lockhart Gleig at the.
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the.
1st December 1870.
I HENRY LOCKHART GLEIG, of Guernsey, one of the Channel Islands,
Major, late of the Bengal Staff Corps, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES," to be as follows -
My Invention has reference to upright pianofortes generally, and to
such horizontal or grand pianos as have the down struck action, and has
for its object the production of an increased power of tone in such
instruments by extending the sounding board beyond the striking point
throughout the whole width of the instrument. For this purpose a
metal plate with a bridge cast on or fitted to it is fixed by bolts or screws
at one end or portion to the block, and at the opposite end or portion to
the bracing of the instrument by means of metal standards secured to
the same, thereby increasing the stiffness of the block and its power
to resist the effect of tension and preserving unimpeded the full vibratory
action of the extended sounding board. Between the said metal plate
and the bracing the sounding board is extended throughout its whole

page_text: width, apertures being formed in it to allow the said standards or supports
of the metal plate to pass through without touching it. Instead of the
metal plate a wooden plank may be used, in which case a bridge either
of wood or of metal may be applied to the block. The above stated
extension of the sounding board may also be effected by means of
standards fastened to the bracings, such standards passing through the
sounding board as above stated and carrying the block bridge.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARRIAGES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Quick and Edwin
Napoleon Norminton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 4th July 1870.
We, CHARLES QUICK, of 45, Studland Street, Hammersmith, and
EDWIN NAPOLEON NORMINTON, of 38, High Street, Camden Town, both
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARRIAGES," to be as
follows:-
:-
This Invention consists in the novel construction of carriages by which
ordinary closed carriages, such as in the form of landaulettes, can be
altered at pleasure from close to open carriages, and this is accomplished
by a series of hinges placed in the various parts of the same in con-
junction with an iron skeleton crane neck, boot, or framework, more
particularly described as follows:-The whole of the ordinary driving
seat is thrown forward by turning on hinges near the coachman's feet,
thereby gaining room for the whole of the front of the carriage above
the door joint to fall forward and fold flat on the iron skeleton crane
neck, boot, or framework which connects the body of the carriage with
the driving seat, taking with it the glass or otherwise, also a portion of

page_text: the roof as far back as the roof joint, the spring curtain falling with it
(the remaining back portion of the carriage falls down in the ordinary
way); the driver's seat is then thrown back again in its place, there
being an iron on either side which falls into sockets in the lamp iron,
which makes the seat rigid; or if necessary the driver's seat may be
easily slipped out of the socket hinge near the coachman's feet, and
parties may drive from the inside of the carriage by taking the front seat
away.
By this Invention great lightness and strength is obtained, as well as
the capability of changing from a close to an open carriage, and vice versa,
at pleasure. It does away with the top door rail and pillars above the
door joints, thereby allowing more light.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PIPES FOR SMOKING
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Frydendahl Hoffgaard
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 28th June 1870.-A communication from abroad by H. M.
Assam, of Odense, in the Kingdom of Denmark, Turner in Ivory.
I, JOHN FRYDENDAHL HOFFGAARD, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PIPES FOR SMOKING,"
being a communication to me from abroad by H. M. Assam, of Odense,
in the Kingdom of Denmark, Turner in Ivory, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improved apparatus which is applied
between the bowl of the pipe and the mouthpiece to prevent the passage
of nicotine or tobacco juice into the mouth. The apparatus consists of
a small glass or other cone or tube with a hole in its apex; this cone or
tube fits within or is combined with a glass or other tube through which
the smoke is drawn. The space between the cone or inner tube and the
inside of the tube forms a chamber in which the nicotine or juice is

page_text: collected. The stem of the pipe surrounds the tube and forms an air
tight joint without any screw. The passage into the mouth piece is
provided with a button having one or more lateral holes through which
the smoke is drawn as a further protection against the passage of nicotine
or juice or ashes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY ENGINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Whitworth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th May
1870.
I, EDWIN WHITWORTH, of Groombridge, in the County of Sussex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY ENGINES," to be as follows:-
It has heretofore been the practice in manufacturing rotary engines to
fit sliding plates or valves in pockets in the piston or in the cylinder or
outer casing, which valves have been caused to enter the pockets when
the piston is passing certain points in its revolution.
Now according to my Invention I dispense with the sliding plates and
the pockets and make the plates a fixture upon the piston. The plates
are of irregular sizes, so that some of them have larger steam surfaces
than others; by this means the steam which is admitted through an
aperture in one or both of the end covers acts upon or against the larger
surface and forces it round until one of the smaller plates comes over
the opening and cuts off the supply. The steam is kept cut off until the
arrival of the second larger plate, when the steam is caused to act

page_text: against that one in a similar manner to the first. By this means a
continuous rotatory motion of the piston is obtained. The steam may,
however, be admitted at more than one part of the cover, or both covers,
so that when the supply from one aperture is cut off another is opened
to carry
the piston farther round. The edges of the plates are packed
in any suitable manner to keep them steam-tight. The introduction of
steam through both covers at the same time will distribute it more
evenly over the cylinder space.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR COUNTING PAPER IN SHEETS, AND IN THE APPLICATION THEREOF TO PRINTING MACHINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Percy David Hedderwick at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th July 1870.
I, PERCY DAVID HEDDERWICK, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "A
NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR COUNTING PAPER IN SHEETS, AND IN THE
APPLICATION THEREOF TO PRINTING MACHINES," to be as follows, that is to
say :-
This Invention, which relates to a new or improved arrangement or
construction of apparatus whereby the sheets of paper, after having been
passed through the printing machine, are counted or arranged into dozens,
quires, or other required numbers, before being removed from the delivery
board of the printing machine, consists in causing the delivery board to
reciprocate or move backwards and forwards so that the sheets of paper
as they fall on to the delivery board may lap over a sufficient distance
on one side to distinguish each dozen, quire, or other number of sheets.
This is accomplished by arranging at the side or under the delivery
board a disc, provided on its upper surface with a ratchet, the teeth of
which are double the number into which the sheets of paper are to be

page_text: counted.
The disc is also provided on its under side with a striking pin
or tappet which on every half revolution of the disc comes in contact
with one or other of the arms of a forked lever. The other end of this
lever is attached to the delivery board of the printing machine by means
of a link or otherwise, so that as the tappet or pin of the disc comes in
contact with the forked end of the lever the delivery board is reciprocated
or moved in a backward or forward direction, and the sheets of paper
falling thereon are arranged into dozens, quires, or other required number,
according to the number of teeth in the ratchet on the disc. The disc is
caused to rotate by means of a pall actuated from any convenient part of
the printing machine. In lieu of forming the disc with a tappet or
striking pin on its under side, as above set forth, the lever may be formed
with a pin on its end working in a groove formed on the under side of
the disc, which groove may be provided with two cams by which the lever
may be actuated and the delivery board of the machine reciprocated, as
herein-before described.
In the event of a sheet being missed in feeding to the printing machine
the counting apparatus is stopped by means of a trigger which lifts the
nall from the ratchet.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING WEIGHTS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Fearn at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th October
1870.
I, THOMAS FEARN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Electro-
metallurgist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING WEIGHTS," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
The object of my Invention is greater facility in raising and lowering
heavy weights at the expense of little manual labor, with a means of
resting during the ascent or descent of the load at any point or given
height of the journey. Reference to the diagrams hereunto annexed will.
readily explain the nature of my improvements.
.
The apparatus consists of a rectangular or other suitably shaped
framework (a) Figure 1, which may be suspended by hooks (a¹) from
above, or may be formed so as to rest upon a platform or bed if
preferred. (b, b',) are a pair of horizontal shafts carrying two or any
other suitable number or series of pullics (c), each pulley has double
grooved peripheries, the one smaller than the other and provided with a

page_text: number of spikes, nuts, or teeth, for engaging in the links of the chains,
the pullies (c) are geared by means of endless chains, which are shewn
in dotted lines, and pass over the upper pullies and under the lower ones;
thus the first gearing chain runs over the smaller periphery (c¹) of the
first upper pulley and under the larger periphery (c²) of the first lower
pulley, and so on throughout the series; upon the larger periphery (c³)
of the first upper pulley works a loose endless chain (d) of suitable length
by which the apparatus is actuated, and upon the smaller periphery (c¹)
of the series of pullies works the lifting chain (e), to which is attached
the weight to be raised or lowered. The shafts (b, b,) are held in position
in bearings in the framework (a) by means of screw nuts (f), and the
bearings of the lower shaft (6¹) are formed as elongated slot openings to
admit of tightening the gearing chains, which may be effected by
clips (9) having loops at their upper ends passing over the nuts (f) of
the lower shaft (6'), the tightening action being obtained by the use of
set screws (h).
I prefer to form the chains used with my improved apparatus as shewn
in side and edge views, Figure 2, consisting of a combination of straight
links (i) and crescent shaped links (%) held within the straight links (i),
the whole being rivetted together as shewn, by which arrangement the
spikes, nuts, or teeth upon the pullies (c) engage in the hollow parts of
the chain, so that at any given point in the journey the actuating
chain (d) may be released when the load upon the lifting chain (e) will
remain suspended at that point.
By the employment of a series of pullies in manner described the
raising or lowering power will be a multiple of the manual force exerted,
according to the number of pullies used.
The form of chain I have described may also be used for any other
suitable or ordinary apparatus used for the purpose of raising or lowering
weights.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZING MACHINES
Year: 1870

page_text: FROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Scowcroft Lowe at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th January 1870.
I, WILLIAM SCOWCROFT LOWE,. of New Mills, Derbyshire, Cotton
Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention is applicable to the sizing machines known as tape
legs," and "slashers." In machines of this description a wood roller is
used for driving the copper roller in the size trough by means of a side
shaft and gearing; this wood roller has heretofore been driven by friction,
and consequently with an irregular motion. Now my Invention consists
in driving the said rollers by a positive motion, either by strap and
pulleys, or by toothed wheels or other equivalents. When a strap is used
the pulley on the driving shaft is made to expand or contract by means
of segments fitting in slots on a disc or otherwise, and when toothed
gearing is used one of the wheels must be a change wheel. By thus
giving a positive motion to the rollers the warp is carried through the
machine at a uniform speed, which speed can be varied according to the
class of work, and better work is produced as the warp is dried equally

page_text: throughout its entire length. The copper and wood rollers referred to
above may be driven in various ways by positive motions, and my
Invention is not intended to relate so much to the mode of driving as in
the application of a positive motion of any kind being used for the
purpose of driving the machine, and consequently drying the yarn in a
uniform and regular manner.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thomas Cassel Pratt
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 8th December 1870.
I, WILLIAM THOMAS CASSEL PRATT, of Newport, in the County of
Monmouth, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to apparatus by which due warning is given to
the driver of a train on his approaching a danger signal or station in
foggy or dark weather, or during night time, the apparatus being
actuated by the engine as it travels.
The apparatus consists of rods and levers leading from the whistle or
other sound creating instrument on the engine or in connection with it
within the hearing of the driver, and a wire, cord, or other appliance
which is severed or otherwise acted upon by coming in contact with a
Брасе
blade bar or lever placed above the rail or rails or in the between
the rails. The blade bar or lever is thrown or put into position at a
distance by an attendant or by a lever on the rod of the danger signal,
and worked in conjunction therewith. Weights and springs may be

page_text: employed in connection with the apparatus to ensure its proper working.
The severed wire or cord can be replaced by another in a few seconds,
and the apparatus put in working condition while the train is at a
standstill. The part of the apparatus in connection with the danger
signal may be attached to points, crossings, bridges, or to gates subject
to being left open accidentally.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Blakey at the Office
of the Commissioners. of Patents, with his Petition, on. the 18th.
October 1870:
I, BENJAMIN BLAKEY, of Lomeshaye, near Burnley, in the County:
of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
-
The object of this Invention is to ease the strain upon the weft thread,.
and at the same time to ensure the making of a perfect selvedge to the
cloth, and this I propose to effect by means of spring fingers which
hold the edges or selvedges of the cloth, which are so arranged and con-
structed that they give way or release the cloth when the weft is thrown,
and are caused to pull the selvedges outwards immediately afterwards
or as the loom is beating up. To the breast beam of the loom on.
each side I bolt or otherwise fix a small casting carrying the spring
finger upon a stud. The outer end of the finger is provided with three
pins or rollers, or other similar contrivance between which the edge of the
cloth passes in such a way that the cloth can slip longitudinally through
them as it is drawn by the cloth beam, but the fingers have a firm hold.
of the selvedge transversely. When the shuttle is thrown across. the

page_text: warp the spring finger allows the selvedge to be drawn slightly inwards,
and thus eases the strain on the weft, and as the loom beats up another
finger or stud fixed on the lathe or on the slay sword at each side of
the loom comes against the spring fingers, and forcing them outwards
causes them to pull the edges of the cloth out to their full width and
thus ensures a good and perfect selvedge.
A NEW SHIELD FOR MILITARY PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Auckland Cochrane at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th December 1870.
I, ARTHUR AUCKLAND COCHRANE, of the City of Westminster, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A NEW SHIELD FOR MILITARY PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention has for its object the better protection of soldiers from
musketry fire whilst they are advancing to or retiring from attack of
troops or from cavalry charges, whereby they are enabled to take up or
retain positions in close proximity to the enemy whether in line or in
akirmishing order. And I purpose to effect this object by means of a
shield constructed of metal or otherwise capable of resisting the impact
of rifle or other bullets, and having one or more tiers of loopholes
through which the fire of the men behind the shield can be delivered
against the enemy. The shield will as a matter of course be in front of
the attacking or resisting force which it protects. The two ends of the
shield are hinged to the main plate and to the ends of the axle which
protrude through the naves of the wheels, and thus form wing pieces

page_text: that can be inclined forwards or backwards as may be required to divert
or to direct a flank fire. The shield may be mounted on two or more
wheels for its easy transport and movement on the field of battle, but I
consider two wheels most convenient for manouvering or pivotting it.
A pole or shafts is to be fitted to the axle of the wheels for the attach-
ment of one or more horses, which I prefer to place behind the shield to
protect them from the enemy's fire.
Where several shields are employed they may be caused to advance in
such order that if assailed by the enemy they can instantly be pivotted
and wheeled into such positions as to form a temporary redoubt or
stockade from all parts or faces of which the included soldiers may fire
upon the enemy being themselves protected from the opposing fire.
Steadiness and accuracy of aim are insured by the rest afforded to the
rifles by the loopholes.
The facility with which the shields (owing to their lightness) can be
transported over rough ground and placed in position on the field renders
them formidable adjuncts to an army, for by their means a variety of
important manouvres may be effected with celerity and precision which
could not otherwise be attempted without great risk and loss of life,
and the shields will therefore have the effect of rendering an inferior
force more than a match for one of superior numbers by covering the
men whilst advancing or retiring and also by protecting the flanks
against hostile movements..
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICKS AND OTHER BUILDING BLOCKS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Turner at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th April
1870.
I, THOMAS TURNER, Architect and Civil Engineer, at present residing
at 204, West George Street, Glasgow, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICKS AND OTHER BUILDING
BLOCKS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its objects to increase the bond with mortar or
cement in building with bricks or other building blocks, and to obtain a
more secure adhesion for plastering upon the face of a wall or building.
And the Invention consists in shaping or forming the bricks or blocks
with grooves or indentations in their ends or sides, such grooves or
indentations being of any convenient form or shapé, but by preference
dovetailed or broader at their inner parts. When the bricks or blocks are
built together the mortar or cement used for uniting them together or
the plastering material used for facing them enters into the grooves or
indentations, and in consequence takes a much firmer hold than with
ordinary bricks or blocks.

page_text: Bricks of the improved form may be made by hand or by machinery,
the sides of the moulds having strips or projecting pieces formed or fixed
upon them to form the grooves or indentations. Or the bricks may be
shaped by being expressed through a die in a continuous form as already
practised with common bricks, to be afterwards cut into separate bricks.
The sides of the die or outlet having projecting pieces formed or fixed on
them corresponding to the intended cross section of the
grooves.
In the case of stone or other blocks shaped out of the solid the grooves
or indentations must be formed by cutting them by means of tools such
as are usually employed in shaping the blocks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Tooth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th December 1870.
I, WILLIAM HENRY TOOTH, of Brooksby's Walk, Homerton, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention refers more especially to the conversion of muskets
and other smooth-bore muzzle-loading fire-arms into breech-loading fire-
arms and rifles.
To this end I what is termed "bush" the barrels of the old muskets
and other smooth-bore muzzle-loading fire-arms to be converted, that
is to say, the barrels are heated to a white heat, and when in that state
steel tubes or linings are forced into them either by means of screw
or hydraulic power. The ends of the barrels are then brazed, and when
quite cool the barrels are bored and rifled in the ordinary manner.
The breech piece consists of a rotating block, in which is made a chamber
to receive the cartridge; this block may be made to revolve either

page_text: horizontally or vertically. The block, which is pierced through to form
the cartridge chamber, must of course be of sufficient length to receive
the entire cartridge, and is fitted into and caused to revolve in a recess
cut out of a solid breech block by means of a handle placed at the side
this handle is connected to a sliding bolt, which acts as a stop to prevent
the chamber from moving while the rifle is being fired, and it carries
a pin which serves as a cartridge extractor. As a modification of the
above, the moveable breech may consist of a reciprocating bolt with a
needle and needle case or box, cast, fixed, or fitted into or on to the said
bolt, the objects to be obtained being, first, the prevention of the escape
of gas at the breech, and secondly, that the ordinary or common.gun
lock can be applied to these breech-loading fire-arms.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING SIGNALS FOR RAILWAYS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Wade at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
March 1870.
I, BENJAMIN WADE, of Copley, near Halifax, in the County of York,
Overlooker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING SIGNALS FOR RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
The first part of this Invention relates to means of giving or producing
signals on the approach of a train at a railway station or a junction or
crossing. For this purpose a wire is extended along the line of rails
for any suitable or required distance on each side of the station or
crossing, and each extreme end is attached by a rod to a lever, hinged
by the side of one of the line rails, which is so formed that the flanges
of the wheels of a train or a carriage on arrival and when coming into
contact therewith, will actuate it so as to turn the signal on, and when
departing will turn it off. But as the temperature of the air is con-
stantly varying, a constant natural expansion and contraction of the
wires takes place, which would render this apparatus irregular or uncertain
in its action; to avoid which I connect each of the wires respectively
at their intermediate ends to a moveable frame, and these frames I

page_text: connect by a chain attached at one end to one frame, thence passing
around a series of pullies alternately from one frame to the other, after
the manner of blocks, and thence over another pulley at the top of a
pillar or post with a weight attached to the end thereof. Another lever
or combination of levers is or are also hinged by the side of one of the
line rails so as to be operated by a passing train, to which lever or levers
is attached another chain, passing over another pulley at the top of the
said pillar or post, so arranged as that either by toothed wheels or catches
will, when operated upon by a train, act upon the former pulley, and
thereby assist the chain and weight to take up any slack produced by
the natural expansion of the wires, and thus the weight maintains a
regular tension of the said wires.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN HAND MIRRORS AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Samuel Moore at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th May 1870.
I, WILLIAM SAMUEL MOORE, of Percival Street, Goswell Road, in
the County of Middlesex, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN HAND MIRRORS AND OTHER LIKE
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
-
The object of my Invention is to construct hand mirrors and other
like articles in such manner that there shall be no fear of the glass
falling out accidentally, an inconvenience which is frequently met with
in hand mirrors as at present constructed.
Hitherto the inside of the frame which receives the glass has been
undercut, and the glass has rested upon a sort of rib or shelf extending
all round the frame, and a wire has afterwards been sprung into the
frame so as to hold the glass in place, but the pressure of the glass
having been directly behind the wire the latter has been liable to be
pushed out.

page_text: Now my Invention consists in forming a distinct or separate undercut
round the inside of the frame to receive the outer edge of the wire or
its equivalent; any pressure of the glass is thus exerted upon the inner
edge of the wire, which is therefore pushed all the more firmly into
its undercut.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF LUBRICATING, OIL
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Corneille de Blende at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th August 1870.
I, HENRI CORNEILLE DE BLENDE, Engineer, of 133, Upper Thames
Street, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF LUBRICATING, OIL," to.
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the preparation of
lubricating oil. I take crude rape, olive, neatsfoot, or lard oil, or a
mixture of these oils, and add thereto bichromate of potash and sul-
phuric acid. I use about 2 per cent. of the bichromate dissolved in
about 6 times its weight of water, and about 1 per cent. of commercial
sulphuric acid diluted with twice its weight of water. The oil should
be well agitated with these materials for about 4 hours; they are then
drawn off from it, and the remaining acid in the oil is neutralised by the
addition of about one per cent. of chalk. Afterwards the oil is treated
with about 2 per cent. of a solution of caustic soda of a strength of

page_text: 36° Beaumé, and with about one per cent. of animal charcoal more or
less according to the amount of colour it is desired to remove. The oil
is allowed to stand until it is clear and bright, and is then drawn off.
The treatment with soda and animal charcoal may be repeated if desired.
No heat is employed in the process.