IMPROVE. MENTS IN BAKERS' AND OTHER OVENS, AND ALSO IN SCRAP AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Tomlinson, of Pooley's Park, City Road, Holme, "
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN BAKERS' AND OTHER OVENS, AND ALSO IN SCRAP AND OTHER
FURNACES,"
Sealed the 5th July 1867, and dated the 11th January 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Tomlinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th January 1867.
I, JOHN TOMLINSON, of Pooley's Park, City Road, Holme, Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention.
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BAKERS' AND OTHER OVENS, AND ALSO IN SCRAP AND OTHER
FURNACES," to he as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in bakers' and other ovens,
and also in scrap and other furnaces. For these purposes in constructing
bakers' and other ovens and also scrap and other furnaces in order to
economize the fuel employed in heating the same, the fire-place is situated by
preference on one side of the working door, and such fire-place is constructed
and worked in the following manner :-In front of the fire-place is a hopper
having a slide at its bottom to regulate the quantity of fuel which is from
time to time allowed to descend on to an inclined dead plate below, and there
[Price 8d.]

page_text: is a door in front of the dead plate in order to admit of the front of the fire
being got at when required. The fuel falling on to the dead plate descends
on to inclined fire-bars, and as the same is progressively consumed, more
particularly at the back ends of the fire-bars, fresh fuel from the dead plate
descends on to the front ends of the fire-bars. Above the back end of the
dead plate is a hanging bridge of fire-brick, under which the fuel passes from
the dead plate to the inclined fire-bars; beyond this bridge there is a second
hanging bridge of fire-brick, and between the two bridges is a fire-brick arch.
The fuel on the front end of the set of fire-bars passes under the second
hanging bridge, which is formed with some holes through it for the passage of
gases which may be evolved into the arch from the fuel near the front end of
the set of fire-bars. Beyond the second hanging bridge is a second arch of
fire-brick. At the back end of the fire-bars is an ordinary hollow bridge, the
lower part of which is open to the ash-pit below the fire-bars, and there is a
slide or valve to regulate the quantity of air passing up such hollow bridge.
In front of the ash-pit is a perforated door to admit air into the ash-pit, and
such openings are arranged to be closed when desired. In bakers' and some
other ovens and furnaces the opening for the working door when the oven or
furnace is being heated has applied to it a fire-tile perforated with numerous
holes, through which the products of combustion pass off to a flue above, or
there may be au outlet flue at the side of the oven door opposite to that
where the fire-place is situated, and in some arrangements of ovens and
furnaces a descending outlet flue is preferred to be employed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent; filed
by the said John Tomlinson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th
July 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
TOMLINSON, of Pooley's Park, City Road, Hulme, Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors; give and grant unto me, the
said John Tomlinson, Her special license that I, the said John Tomlinson, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John
t

page_text: Tomlinson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make; úše?
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland;
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
BAKERS AND OTHER OVENS, AND ALSO IN SCRAP AND OTHER FURNACES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Tomlinson, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to bo
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Tomlinson, do hereby declaré
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):
-
The object of my Invention is to economize fuel, consume smoke, and more
effectually and uniformly heat bakers' and other ovens and reverberatory or
"serap" and other furnaces, at the same time rendering those parts of
furnaces liable to be burnt away more durable.
I will first describe my improvements as applied to a baker's oven by'
reference to the accompanying Drawings:
Fig. 1 is a front elevation; Fig. 2, a plan section through the oven;
Fig. 3, a sectional elevation through the furnace or fire-place and oven; and
Fig. 4, a sectional elevation through the door orentrance to the oven, showing
the flue passing below it; the fire is placed, by preference, on one side of the
oven.
.
The fire-grate (a) is formed by a series of inclined bars resting upon cross
bars, as shown in Fig. 2, and the fuel is placed or falls upon an inclined "dead
plate" () in front of the fire-bars (a); above the fire-bars there is an
inclined arch or "banging bridge" (c) of fire-bricks which serves to deflect
the gases arising from the fuel at the front of the fire-bars upon the incan-
descent fuel at the lower part of the fire-bars; the gases can then ascend into
the space above the fire-bars, which suddenly increases to allow the products
to pass over the fire bridge and then enter the oven (2). This fire (d) is
made hollow, as shown, so that air can pass through it, and in passing it
becomes heated and meets and ignites the unburnt gases, and thus consumes
the smoke. I prefer to feed the fuel to the "dead' plate" (b) by placing a

page_text: "hopper" (e) above it with a slide (e¹) in its bottom from which a rod (2)
passes to the outside or front of the oven by which the slide e¹ can be
actuated and the fuel can be allowed to fall upon the dead plate (b) as
required. There is a door (61) through which fuel may be fed or pushed
forward on to the fire-bars when required, and there is a door (a) opposite
the under side of the fire-bars and also one (f) to the ash-pit. All these
doors are air-tight, or as near so as is necessary, the ash-pit door (f) being
provided with a series of slits which can be covered or uncovered by sliding a
plate fitted to the back of the door and having corresponding slits to those in
the door, so that the quantity of air entering may be regulated or shut off.
There is also an opening from the ash-pit to admit air to the hollow fire
bridge (d), and this opening is also provided with a door (d') to regulate and
shut of the supply of air to the bridge; this door (d) is actuated by a
rcd (2) jointed to it, and passing to the front of the oven, the rod having
notches in it so that it may be hooked upon the hole in the plate through
which it passes to hold the door open to any required extent.
The heated products ofcombustion after leaving the fire enter and circulate
round the oven (2), as shown by the arrows in Figs. 2, and they pass out at
the entrance to the oven either into an ascending or descending flue. Where
circumstances permit I prefer to take the heated products down and conduct
them away by a flue (g) passing under the oven, as shown best in Fig. 4.
When the oven is being heated ready for baking the doors (h) are opened and
a perforated tile or iron plate (k) is made to take their place; this perforated
tile or plate being slided into a recess (¹) in the brickwork (shown in Figs. 2
and 4) when not in use; this perforated tile or plate may also be used when
the products of combustion leave the oven by a separate side flue. At the
time the oven is being heated the plate (1) covering the entrance to the
descending flue is also removed and an outer door or plate (m) is secured in
the front entrance to the oven, so that the products of combustion will pass
through the perforated plate or tile (k) and descend into the flue (g) below.
Over the descent to to the flue g there is an opening to a small flue (n) shown
in dotted line, Fig. 1, which leads to the flue (g) below the oven; this small
flue has a sliding hamper (n') which is actuated by a rod passing to the front
of the oven; this flue (n) is used to take away gases and vapours passing
from the oven when baking at the time the doors (h) are open. There is a
door (g) in the front of the oven to give access for cleaning out the flue (g)
under the oven. The plate or cover (l) and flue (n) will not be required
when the products of combustion ascend after leaving the oven. The fire-place

page_text: or.furnace is used, as described, for ovens employed for other purposes than
baking, the products of combustion after leaving the fire being conducted by
suitable flues so as to distribute the heat as required.
Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section, Fig. 6 a plan section, Fig. 7 in cross
section, and Fig. 8 an end elevation of a reverberatory or scrap furnace, and
illustrates my improvements as applicable to furnaces of similar class. a, the
fire-bars, the fuel being fed through an opening (b) at the side; d is a hollow
fire-bridge; it is formed of fire-brick built upon iron plates forming the centre
of the bridge; the air passing through this hollow bridge becomes heated
and escapes at two orifices (d³), (seen in Figs. 5 and 6), and mixes with the
gases from the fuel. The opening to the hollow bridge has a door (d') to it
which can be regulated or closed by a rod (d) passing from it to the front, as
shewn. The ash-pit is closed by iron doors (f) with perforations to admit
the quantity of air required for the combustion of the fuel. Above the fire
bridge (d) there is an inclined arch or hanging bridge (c) which serves to
deflect the flames and heated gases, after passing over the bridge, down
upon the "hearth" (x), and another similar hanging or inclined deflecting
bridge (c) is formed near the end of the "hearth." The flue (g) descends from
the hearth (a), and then ascends the chimney or flue leading to the chimney;
P is a lever for actuating the sliding door (h) to the heating chamber.
I have now particularly described the nature of my Invention, and the
manner of carrying it into effect, and claim as my Invention,-
ovens,as
Firstly, the combination, arrangement, and construction of bakers'
herein-before described and shewn by the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly, the bringing of the products of combustion from the oven
through the entrance to the oven and conducting the same away by a
descending flue.
Thirdly, the use of a perforated tile or plate (k) for the products of com-
bustion to pass through before leaving the oven, substantially as herein-before
described.
Fourthly, the combination, arrangement, and construction of the furnace
with or without hopper (e), and with an inclined or hanging bridge (c), end
hollow fire bridge (d), with arrangements for regulating or shutting off the "
supply of the air when applied to bakers' and other ovens, substantially as
herein-before described and illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.
Fifthly, the combination, arrangement,and construction of reverberatory or
scrap
furnaces, and furnaces of like character, as herein-before described and
illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.

page_text: Sixthly, the use of a hollow bridge in such furnaces admitting air through
orifices (d³) at the sides, as herein-before described and illustrated by the
Drawings.
24
Seventhly, the use of hanging or deflecting arches or bridges (cand c'), as
lierein-before described and shown by the accompanying Drawings
In witness whereof, I, the said John Tomlinson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Second day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
i
Witness,
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Manchester..
JOHN TOMLINSON. (L.s.)'