IMPROVEMENTS IN TIE AND CORE METAL FOR COMBINATION WITH AND IN COMBINING THE SAME WITH PLASTIC MATERIALS, CONCRETE, AND ENAMELS, FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CYLINDERS, PIPES, RESERVOIRS, AND CISTERNS FOR HOLDING AND CONVEYING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS AND FLUIDS, AND FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Middleton Edwards, of 54, Gresham Street,
London, E.C., in the County of Middlesex, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN TIE AND CORE METAL FOR COMBINATION WITH AND IN COMBINING THE
SAME WITH PLASTIC MATERIALS, CONCRETE, AND ENAMELS, FOR USE IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF CYLINDERS, PIPES, RESERVOIRS, AND CISTERNS FOR HOLDING
AND CONVEYING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS AND FLUIDS, AND FOR OTHER
USEFUL PURPOSES." A communication from abroad by Thaddeus Hyatt, of
New York City, State of New York, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Middleton Edwards
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th October 1880.
GEORGE MIDDLETON EDWARDS, of 54, Gresham Street, London, E.C., in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TIE AND CORE METAL FOR COMBINATION
WITH AND IN COMBINING THE SAME WITH PLASTIC MATERIALS, CONCRETE, AND
ENAMELS, FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CYLINDERS, PIPES, RESERVOIRS,
AND CISTERNS FOR HOLDING AND CONVEYING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS AND
FLUIDS, AND FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES." [A communication from abroad by
Thaddeus Hyatt, of New York City, State of New York, United States of
America.]
The corrugated sheet iron hitherto employed with concrete being smooth upon
its under side and without holding power for retaining plastic materials, the object
of my Invention is to remedy this defect by means of a retaining under face on the
metal, and at the same time to add the tensile strength of the metal to the concrete.
My Invention has for its object also the making dry cylinders or pipes, and plates,
sheets, and slabs, composed of the aforesaid corrugated metal and plastic materials,
enamels, and concretes for use in the conveyance of liquids and fluids, and for
forming reservoirs and cisterns. My improvement in the metal sheets for forming
cylinders advantageously consists in shaping, by means of suitable rollers or
otherwise, the metal into folds or corrugations the sides of which are either
perpendicular or slope inwards, the latter forming wedge shaped retaining channels
[Price 6d1

page_text: for producing a bite upon the plastic materials, enamels, or concrete, to bind the
two together. A part of my Invention consists in rounding the angles of the
corrugations for the double purpose of lessening the danger of cracking the metal
during the corrugating process and of lessening the liability of the under facing of
plaster or cement from cracking at these points. My improvement in the making
of pipes by use of the above described corrugated metal sheets consists in forming
the sheets into cylinders by means of rivetting or otherwise and filling in and
casing the interior of the cylinder with plastic materials, enamels, or concretes, to
the requisite thickness, so as to obtain the necessary resistance to both inside and
outside pressure, the folds or corrugations on the outside face of the metal forming
the cylinder being also filled in and covered with concrete to any required thickness
with reference to the amount of protection from injury, weather, and temperature
thought desirable, encircling wires, metal netting, or inetal bands a few inches
apart being added when thought desirable on the outside of the metal cylinders
before they are fully cased with plastic materials and then covered in with a
further coating of plastic materials. Another part of my Invention consists in
constructing the pipes and cylinders of the above described corrugated inetal in
such a manner as that every alternate length of pipe shall at each end fit within
the folds or corrugations of the pipes to which it is desired it should be attached;
thus, after rivetting together the two ends of the pipes to be joined obviating the
necessity of packing the joints, which would thus be lapped and then filled up by
the ordinary process of forming the pipe with plastic materials, as hereinbefore
described. Another part of my Invention consits in constructing reservoirs and
cisterns by rivetting or otherwise joining plates, sheets, or slabs of the metal,
corrugated as above described, in forms convenient for holding water or other fluids,
the same being coated with concrete both outside and in and lined on the inside
with enamel when thought desirable. Another part of my Invention consits in
making slabs composed of the corrugated metal in combination with concrete and
enamel, as berein described, for various useful purposes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Middleton Edwards in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
7th April 1881.
GEORGE MIDDLETON EDWARDS, of 54, Gresham Street, London, E.C., in the
County of Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN TIE AND CORE METAL FOR COMBINATION
WITH AND IN COMBINING THE SAME WITH PLASTIC MATERIALS, CONCRETE, AND
ENAMELS, FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CYLINDERS, PIPES, RESERVOIRS,
AND CISTERNS FOR HOLDING AND CONVEYING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS AND
FLUIDS, AND FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES." A communication from abroad by
Thaddeus Hyatt, of New York City, State of New York, United States of
America.
The corrugated sheet iron hitherto employed with concrete being smooth upon
its underside and without holding power for retaining plastic materials, the object
of my Invention is to remedy this defect by means of a retaining under face on
the metal and at the same time to utilize the tensile strength of the metal with the
plastic material or concrete under the circumstances of using such metal in
combination with plastic materials for forming cylinders, pipes, reservoirs, and
cisterns, and for other useful purposes. My Invention has for its object also the
making dry cylinders or pipes and plates, sheets and slabs composed of the
aforesaid corrugated metal and plastic materials, cements, concretes, and enamels,
for use in the conveyance of liquids and fluids, and for forming reservoirs and
cisterns.
It is obvious that, in the construction of iron cylinders or pipes of very large
diameter great weight of metal is requisite, and the cylinders or pipes, after being
made by the founders, entail very considerable cost in transit to the locality in
which they are to be used, together with, in many cases, the necessity for special
appliances in the way of conveyance both on account of their weight and bulk.
The usual method of connecting cylinders or large pipes by insertion of the end of
one length of pipe into the socket of another and packing the joint is also in the
case of pipes of large diameter both slow and expensive.
The object of my Invention is therefore to remedy these defects by enabling
cylinders and pipes of large diameter to be practically constructed in situ by the
use of thin metal sheets prepared for combination with plastic materials, cements,
concretes, and enamels in such a manner as to allow the ordinary method of making
cylinders and pipes by casting in a mould to be dispensed with, and also to connect
them with a strong and easily made joint by means of rivetting or otherwise
fastening each of the ends of a cylinder or pipe length to those of the pipes placed
in longitudinal contact therewith. My improvement in the metal sheets for forming
cylinders or pipes advantageously consists in shaping, by means of suitable rollers,
mandrils, or otherwise, the metal into folds or corrugations, the sides of which may
be perpendicular or slope inwards, the latter forming wedge shaped retaining
channels for producing a bite upon the plastic materials, cements, concretes, or
enamels, to bind and cause the two to act together. A part of my Invention
consists in rounding the angles of the corrugations for the double purpose of
decreasing the danger of cracking the metal during the corrugating process and the
liability of the under facing of plastic materials, cement, or concretes, from cracking
at those points. My improvement in the making of cylinders and pipes by use of
the above described corrugated metal sheets consists in forming the sheets into
cylinders or pipes by means of rivetting or otherwise, and filling in the channels of
and casing the interior of the cylinder or pipe with plastic materials, cements,
whether hydraulic or bituminous, concretes or enamels, to the requisite thickness,
so as to obtain the necessary resistance to both inside and outside pressure, the

page_text: channels or corrugations on the outside face of the metal forming the cylinder or
pipe being also filled in, and the outer face of the cylinder or pipe wholly or partially
covered with plastic material or concrete to any required thickness, with reference
to the amount of protection from injury, weather, and temperature thought
desirable, and with consideration of the use to which the piping is to be made
applicable. The actual external coating, to any thickness required, may be
advantageously made of an asphaltic concrete composed of coal tar and aggregates.
To give extra strength to the cylinders or pipes encircling wires, metal netting, or
wire work, or strong metal bands, which may be placed twenty inches apart, more
or less, according as strength may be required, may advantageously be placed when
thought desirable on the outside of the metal cylinders or pipes before they are
fully cased with plastic materials and then covered in with a further coating of the
plastic materials. By this process it will be evident that cylinders or large pipes
can be formed many miles in length from raw materials conveyed in bulk to various
points on the required route for conveyance of water and other liquids and fluids
and sewage, and be there worked up into proper form, with due reference to the
particular or varying local circumstances which may require attention, and at a
great saving of cost as compared with that of the construction and placement of iron
cylinders or pipes of equal or even less calibre.
Another part of my Invention consists in constructing the cylinders or pipes of the
above described corrugated metal in such a manner as that every alternate length of
pipe shall at each end fit within the folds or corrugations of the pipes to which it is
desired it should be attached; thus, after lapping and rivetting together the two
ends of the pipes to be joined obviating the necessity for packing the joints, which
would thus be formed and then filled up by the ordinary process of constructing the
pipe with plastic material, as hereinbefore described.
This method of joining the sections of piping is equally applicable, whether the
corrugations run lengthways with or across the circumference of the pipes, the
latter form being only advantageously used where very great diameter and strength
of pipe is required. In some cases the interior lining of these pipes may be made
of glass or sheet metal, and the latter may be enamelled when thought
advantageous. Another part of my Invention consists in constructing reservoirs
and cisterns by rivetting or otherwise joining plates, sheets, or slabs of the metal,
corrugated as above described, in forms convenient for holding water or other
fluids, the same being coated with plastic materials, concrete, or cements, both
outside and in, and lined on the inside with enamel when thought desirable.
Another part of my Invention consists in making slabs composed of the corrugated
metal in combination with plastic materials, concretes, cements, and enamels, as
herein described, for various useful purposes. And in order that my improvements
may be clearly understood and readily carried into practice I will proceed to
describe the Drawings hereto annexed. Figures I. and II. shew sections of a
cylinder or pipe constructed in accordance with my improvements, A. representing
the metal corrugated as hereinbefore described; B, the plastic material, cement, or
concrete, used in combination with the metal on the outer side; C, the plastic
material, cement, or concrete and enamel, on the inner side of the metal; D, the
metal bands used for strengthening the cylinder or pipe; E (Figure II.) shews the
application of metal netting or wire work for aiding in holding the outer coating
of plastic materials, cement, or concrete, firmly together; and F (Figure II.) shews
the method of joining the several lengths of pipe together by overlapping the
corrugated sheet metal and rivetting or otherwise securely fastening the same
before filling in the channels or corrugations, both interior and exterior, with plastic
materials, cements, or concretes; Figure III. shews a section of a cylinder or pipe
constructed on the principle of placing the corrugations across or around the length
of the cylinder or pipe to secure the greatest amount of tensile strength afforded
by the metal sheets, A representing the metal corrugated as herein before described;
B, the plastic materials, cement, or concrete, used in combination with the metal on
the outer side; C, the plastic material, cement, or concrete and enamel, on the

page_text: inner side of the metal; and F, the method of making the joints as described with
reference to Figure II.; Figure IV. shews a specimen of a reservoir or cistern
formed of metal sheets, corrugated as herein before described, rivetted or otherwise
fastened together and lined inside and out with plastic materials, cements, or
concrete.
Figures V. and VI. shew end views of metal sheets, corrugated as hereinbefore
described before being filled in with plastic materials, cements, or concrete.
Having thus described the nature of my improvements, and the manner of
performing or carrying the same into practice, I wish it to be understood that I do
not limit myself to the exact details hereinbefore described, so long as the novel
features of my Invention are retained, at the same time I do not claim any of
the parts separately which are well known, but what I claim is as follows:-
First. I claim as a new or improved manufacture cylinders and pipes formed of
corrugated sheet metal, in combination with plastic materials and concretes,
substantially as and for the purposes berein described and illustrated by the
Drawings annexed.
Secondly. I claim as a new or improved manufacture reservoirs and cisterns and
other liquid and fluid holding vessels formed of corrugated sheet metal, in
combination with plastic materials and concretes, substantially as and for the
purposes herein described and illustrated by the Drawings annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Middleton Edwards, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Seventh day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
GEORGE MIDDLETON EDWARDS.
(L S.)