IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE SPINNING OF HEMP, FLAX, MANILLA, OR WOOL, OR OTHER LIKE FIBROUS MATERIAL
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Ronald, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR THE SPINNING OF HEMP, FLAX, MANILLA, OR WOOL, OR OTHER LIKE
FIBROUS MATERIAL"
Sealed the 28th May 1861, and dated the 1st December 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Ronald at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
December 1860.
I, JAMES RONALD, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR THE SPINNING OF HEMP, FLAX, MANILLA, OR WOOL, OR OTHER
LIKE FIBROUS MATERIAL," to be as follows, (that is to say):-
-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the machinery used for
spinning hemp, flax, manilla, wool, and other like long fibrous materials, and
is chiefly applicable to machinery invented by the applicant, and for which he
obtained Her most Gracious Majesty's Letters Patent, bearing date the 26th
day of March 1860, and numbered 777, and consists in placing the take-up yarn
bobbin longitudinally in place of transversely, by mounting it loosely on an
horizontal spindle, which spindle may remain stationary or revolve with the
rectangular frame, which carries the transverse drawing roller axles, and so

page_text: forth, as described in the Specification of the herein-before mentioned Patent,
and in carrying the yarn through the nose of a flyer (or its mechanical
equivalent) to the take-up bobbin. The take-up bobbin having a reciprocating
motion on its longitudinal axle imparted thereto by a transverse lever, one
end of which is attached to a nut or traveller working on a revolving shaft
which has a right and left handed screw cut thereon. This intersecting
screw shaft is mounted in or on bearings fixed to the stationary frame of the
machine, parallel to the axis of the take-up bobbin. The arm of the lever
may be placed so as to rest within a groove cut in the edge of the lower
flanch of the bobbin, and the friction on the bobbin can be regulated by a
sliding weight on the lever, or by attaching to the end of the lever a cord, or
its mechanical equivalent, and carrying it to the front of the machine, when
it may be conveniently weighted by the attendant of the machine.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Ronald in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st
June 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
RONALD, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
James Ronald, Her special licence that I, the said James Ronald, my exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James
Ronald, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR THE SPINNING OF HEMP, FLAX, MANILLA, OR WOOL, OR OTHER LIKE
FIBROUS MATERIAL," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
James Ronald, my executors, or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent

page_text: Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Ronald, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say) :-
This my said Invention relates to certain improvements in the machinery
used for spinning hemp, flax, manilla, wool, and other like long fibrous
materials, and is chiefly applicable to machinery invented by me, the said
James Ronald, and for which I obtained Her most Gracious Majesty's
Letters Patent, bearing date the 26th day of March 1860, and numbered
777, and consists in placing the take-up yarn bobbin longitudinally in place
of transversely, by mounting it loosely on an horizontal flyer spindle, which
spindle may remain stationary or revolve with the rectangular frame which
carries the transverse drawing roller axles, and so forth; and in carrying
the yarn through a hole in the side of the driving pulley and the enlarged
bearing of the inner end of the revolving frame axle, and the nose of a flyer
arm (or its mechanical equivalent) to the take-up bobbin. The take-up
bobbin has a reciprocating motion on its longitudinal axle imparted thereto
by a transverse lever, one end of which is attached to a nut or traveller
working on a revolving shaft, which has a right and left handed screw cut
thereon. This intersecting screw shaft is mounted in or on bearings fixed
to the stationary frame of the machine parallel to the axis of the take up
bobbin. The arm of the lever may be placed so as to rest within a groove
cut in the edge of the lower flanch of the bobbin, and the friction on the
bobbin can be regulated by a sliding weight on the lever, or by attaching
to the end of the lever a cord, or its mechanical equivalent, and carrying
it to the front of the machine, when it may be conveniently weighted by
the attendant of the machine. The axle of the small rectangular revolving
frame, upon which the drawing rollers and their appendages are carried, I
fit with a driving pulley which receives motion from the main driving shaft
through a driving strap or band working over a driving pulley on the main
shaft, or by other convenient mechanical equivalent.
In some cases it may be advisable to fit the flyer of the take-up bobbin
so as to be driven independent of the drawing roll frame, by which arrange-
ment the flyer can be driven at a higher speed that the revolving frame
carrying the drawing rollers, by which any amount of additional twist may
be put into the yarn by the flyer, as it leaves the drawing rollers.

page_text: That this my said Invention may be the more readily seen and understood,
I have hereunto annexed a Drawing, showing a side elevation of one
modification of my improved spinning machine, like letters marked thereon
having reference to similar parts.
A, the stationary framework of the machine; B, the main driving strap
working over C and C¹, fast and loose pulleys, and which gives motion to
D, the main driving shaft, which carries E, a large driving pulley, which
through F, a driving strap working over G, a small driving pulley, gives
motion to H, the revolving frame spindle; I, the revolving frame; K, the
flyer; L, the bobbin, upon which the yarn is taken up as spun; M, the
spindle upon which the bobbin revolves, and which can be withdrawn,
when it is required to change the bobbin by N, handle of bobbin spindle
for withdrawing it by, which can be done by lifting out O, a small pin, which
takes into a hole in the frame, and a slot on the side of the bobbin spindle ;
P, a grooved wheel, which receives motion from the main driving shaft (D),
through a driving band, and carries on its axle Q, a small driving wheel,
which through R, a driving band passing over S, a grooved driving pulley, staked
on T, a revolving shaft, having a right and left handed screw cut thereon
actuates U, a nut or traveller, to which is attached V, a transverse lever,
which take into a groove cut in the bobbin flanch causing the bobbin to
have a reciprocating motion on its longitudinal axis, causing the yarn to be
taken up evenly on the bobbin; W, weight on transverse lever, used to give
friction to the bobbin; a, a fixed toothed collar, which surrounds the hollow
trunnion, upon which the frame (I) rotates, and into which gears b, a bevil
wheel on c, a transverse shaft, which carries d, a toothed pinion which gears
into e, a toothed wheel on f, a transverse shaft, which has staked thereon ġ,
the first grooved drawing roll; h, a second grooved drawing roller on i a
transverse shaft; j, the inner bearing in which H, the revolving frame spindle,
revolves. The spindle at this bearing is enlarged to admit of a hole being
bored through it parallel to its axis to carry the yarn through and to reduce
the friction; the shaft revolves on one or more antifriction wheels; k, the
hemp or other fibre to be spun, which is supplied as a sliver or by hand
from a "strick" placed round the waste of the operator, or in any other
convenient manner; the yarn, which is formed by the rotation of the
rectangular frame (I) which carries the grooved drawing rollers, and being
delivered from the last drawing roller, is passed through a hole in the side
of the driving pulley (G) and through the enlarged bearing of the inner
axle, and thence through the eye on the end of the flyer arm on to the take-up

page_text: bobbin. In some cases I prefer to make the revolving shaft (H) hollow,
and carrying the formed yarn therethrough, and pass it to the eye on the
end of the flyer arm to the take up bobbin, and in other cases the yarn may
be passed through several lateral holes formed in the side of the shaft to
increase the friction thereon.
I may here remark, that an expert operator is capable of using two
machines at one time, being able to spin a yarn with each hand.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of this my said
Invention, and how I believe the same may be best performed, I wish it to
be understood that I do not confine myself to the precise details or relative
proportions, as it will be readily seen that the same might be considerably
varied without departing from the Invention, but what I do claim is, the
form, arrangement, and combination of the various parts of the machinery
herein-before described and set forth, or any mere modification of the same
for the spinning of hemp, flax, Manilla hemp, wool, or other like fibrous
material.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Ronald, have hereunto set my
hand and affixed my seal, this Thirty-first day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness,
WILLIAM WALKER,
of 44, Castle Street,
Liverpool.
JAMES (L.S.) RONALD.