Improvements in Machines for the Manufacture of Twine, Cord, and the like.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Mr., 1895-Accepted, 15th June, 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for the Manufacture of Twine, Cord,
and the like.
We BENJAMIN GAUSE a citizen of the United States, residing at Newnan,
Georgia, Engineer, and GEORGE FLORENCE a citizen of the United States
residing at Newnan, Georgia, Inventor, both in the United States of America do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :--
Our invention relates to improvements in machines for the manufacture of twine,
cord, and the like, and it consists of certain novel features hereinafter described and
claimed.
Reference is had to the accompanying drawings, in which the same parts are
indicated by the same letters throughout the several views.
Fig. 1 represents a front view of the machine, as seen from the left in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 represents a side elevation of the machine as seen from the right of
Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 represents a section along the line x-x of Fig. 1, and looking down.
Fig. 4 represents a section along the line of Fig. 1 and looking down.
Fig. 5 represents a section along the line y-y of Fig. 1, and looking down.
Figs. 3 to 5 are on an enlarged scale.
Fig. 6 represents a section along the line of Fig. 3, and shows the pivoted
spindle step for the former spindles, and
Fig. 7 represents a vertical section through one side of the friction ring.
Fig. 8 represents a perspective view of a modified form of apparatus.
Fig. 9 is a detail view showing the spindle step spider with one of the bobbin
spindle supports and the bobbin thereon, and also with another of the said supports
after the bobbins have been removed, while the third arm of the spindle step spider
shows the former spindle in section and the whirl for driving the same in plan.
Fig. 10 is a detail view, in plan, of the spindle step spider shewn in Figs. 8
and 9.
Figs. 11 and 12 represent a central vertical section and a plan view of the device
for keeping the threads from the various bobbins from becoming entangled, and
Fig. 13 represents a modification of the spindle step spider and the means for
keeping the swinging plate in the outer position.
A represents a frame of suitable construction provided with the projecting
sill A, and upper beams A.
B represents a bracket casting secured to the said frame and carrying on its
upper side two strips 6*, of rubber or felt, or like material for lessening the
vibrations, and deadening sound.
The friction ring C is secured above these strips 6x by means of the ears c, and
suitable bolts. This ring is provided with annular flanges c¹ between which are
held the annular cushion piece C₁ made of rubber, felt, leather or similar material,
inside of which is an annular leather friction piece C².
Passing through the axis of this ring C is the layer spindle D which revolves
in journals a and b,

page_text: This layer spindle carries the fast pulley D¹, which is flanged as at d¹, and
carries the belt E leading to the pulley F on the driving shaft F. The said
shaft F carries the fast and loose pulleys F2 which are driven by belting, not shewn,
from the source of power.
The layer spindle D also carries a spindle step spider H, which is provided with
a plurality of arms H', each of which arms spread out exteriorly, forming the
perforated lug and the double grooves one on either side of said lug. In this
fuga screw seat is provided to receive the screw 2 which forms the pivot of the
plate, or reversible swinging step H² provided with the spindle step h*.
The two ends of this plate H are provided with holes h³ as shewn in detail in
Fig. 6, and thus the said plate is made reversible relative to its pivot.
It will also be seen by reference to Fig. 3, and to Fig. 6, that the lower
portion of the plate H2 may be swung into either of the grooves
spider H.
of the
This renders the machine capable of laying up either right-handed or left-
handed cord or rope, according to the direction in which the layer spindle D is
revolved.
The spider step 4 is enlarged as at 6, see Fig. 6, to form an oil-chamber for
lessening friction, and a funnel-shaped groove 4 is provided in the said plate, for
the better oiling of the spindle step.
While the spindle D is revolving, the whirls K and all the other parts mounted
on the spindles K are caused to revolve at a much higher rate of speed, and if the
spindle D be stopped the inertia of the parts carried by the former spindles K will
tend to cause the said former spindles to continue to revolve, thus giving a hard
twist to a short length of the twine or cord, or even breaking the same, while the
least harm done is to cause an uneven twist to the twine or cord to occur whenever
the machine is stopped. In order to prevent this continuation of the revolution of the
flyers after the spindle D has been stopped, we provide some means for braking the
whirls K', whenever the centrifugal force no longer tends to throw the free ends of
the swinging steps outward. This may be accomplished in a variety of ways, two
of which are shown in Figs. 9 and 10, and in Fig. 13, respectively.
Thus in Figs. 9 and 10, represents a lug having part of its surface coated with
rubber, leather or other material having a high co-efficient of friction. To the
back of this lug a spring he is attached which is connected by either a cord or wire
or another spring h³ to the swinging step plate H2; and the tension of the spring 18,
or of the spring 49, or of both, is to normally hold the whirls K' pressed against the
brake lugs . When the spindle D is put in rapid rotation, however, these
swinging step plates H2 swing outwards causing the whirls K' to bear on the friction
ring C and thus putting the said whirls in rapid rotation. When, however, the
rotation of the disk D is stopped, the springs draw the swinging step plates H
backwards, causing the whirls K' to bear on the friction lugs and thus braking
the said whirls.
In the form of device shewn in Fig. 13, the springs 08 press the whirls Kout
against the friction ring with sufficient force to brake the whirl against the friction
ring and thus stop the revolution of the whirl when the spindle step spider ceases
to revolve.
AD
In the construction shewn in Fig. 13, the springs 108 cause the whirls K' to revolve
just as soon as the spindle D is put in motion, and before the velocity has become
sufficient to impart any appreciable amount of centrifugal force, hence with this
construction all the parts of the machine will start up together, and a uniform twist
will be obtained.
The top spider L is keyed fast on the layer spindle D as by means of the set
screw l.
The former spindles K are journalled in the spindle steps 4, and also in the top
spider L.
These former spindles carry the whirl K', and the spiders K² in the set bearings k
in which the bobbin spindles M are mounted, carrying the bobbins M¹. These

page_text: bobbin spindles are made tapering and the bobbins are pressed tightly down on said
spindles and are held fast thereon by friction.
Above the top of these bobbin spindles, the tension plate K is held on the
former spindles K by means of the slotted hub engaging the pin k fast on
the former spindle. By this menus the tension plate Ko may be readily moved
upwards well clear of the bobbin spindles when it is desired to remove the bobbin.
The tension plate shewn in Figs. 1, 2, and 5, is provided with holes ko, through
which the yarn passes, and on either side of said holes tension wires or cleats
about which the yarn from the bobbins is wound one or more times. In the form
of device shewn in Fig. 8 the tension plate K° is not perforated, but is provided with
cleats on the upper side thereof about which the yarn is wound, the cord being
carried up on the outside of the plates and then over the cleats as shown in Fig. 8.
The bobbins being fast on the spindles M, the yarn is drawn off from the top of
the bobbins as needed, and thus the accidents that frequently happen from the
bobbins unwinding too fast are obviated. This drawing of the yarn upwards from
the bobbins obviates the necessity of imposing any tension on the bobbins, and
prevents the yarn from hanging in loops or bights.
In order to prevent the yarn from one bobbin from being entangled with the
yarn from the adjacent bobbin, we preferably use the yarn-guiding device or
separator G shewn in Figs. 8 to 12.
This device consists of a disk g2 provided with a collar g adapted to slip over the
former spindle K, which is secured to said collar by means of a clamp screw g¹.
This disk is provided with a raised flange having perforations 9* through
which pass the wire loops y, which are secured fast to said disk by means of the
clamp screws g. Each of these loops encircles the upper end of one of the bobbins
and keeps the yarn being drawn therefrom from becoming entangled with the yarn
from the adjacent bobbin.
Further tension is given by winding the yarns one or more times around the
former spindles K and then passing the yarns on each former spindle through the
side hole 3, and up through the hollow center of the said spindle to the side
holes d of the laying spindle, where the three strauds m meet and pass up through
a plug Do in the hollow center of the upper end of the layer spindle, where the
three strands are twisted into the twine or cord by the revolution of the layer
spindle.
The top spider L. is so secured by the set screw on the layer spindle D, that the
hole in the top of the former spindles will be in line with the side holes d³ in the
layer spindle.
The twine or cord m¹ passes one or more times round the stretcher-whirl P', on
the shaft P, which shaft is driven by means of the gear wheel P, which meshes in
the pinion Q on the shaft Q, which shaft carries the pulley Q2 driven by the
belt R, which belt is driven by the pulley F3 on the driving shaft F.
In order to give the twine or cord the proper tension before it reaches the
stretcher-whirl, it should preferably pass through a clamp tube or nipper
operated by the thumb screw n both of which are mounted in the frame N pivoted
at n as shewn in Fig. 1.
After leaving the stretcher-whirl, the twine or cord is wound. in skeins on the
swift W, which is detachably connected to the shaft T by means of the thumb
screw t.
This shaft T is mounted in bearings U' on the frame U, and the said shaft carries
a pulley T' which is driven by the means of the belt S from the pulley P³ on the
shaft P.
It will be seen that as the spindle step spider H revolves with the layer spindle D,
the whirls K' will be thrown outward with sufficient force through centrifugal
motion, to bear firmly on the interior friction piece C2, of the ring C. This friction
piece and the cushion C¹ behind the same will deaden the vibrations and lessen the
Sound. If the spindle D revolves in the direction of the arrow 1 in Fig. 4, then the

page_text: whirls K' will be caused to revolve in the direction of the arrows 2 of the said figure,
or opposite to the motion of the arrow 1.
In view of the duplicate holes ³ in the plate H², and the duplicate grooves h in
the spider H, it will be evident that the spindle step plates may be reversed if
desired, and thus the relative positions of the various strands may be varied with
regard to the laying spindle D.
In the drawings the machine is shewn constructed to make three strands from
three or eight yarns, and it is adapted to twist the said three strands up into a single
cord, but it will be evident that by varying the number of bobbin spindles, the number
of yarns to the strand may be varied, and by varying the number of former spindles,
the number of strands in the cord may be varied at will.
In the herein described machine, spiders are preferably used on account of their
greater cheapness and lightness, but solid bearing plates or disks may be substituted
for any or all of the various spiders herein referred to, if desired.
It will also be evident that the bobbin spindles M may be mounted directly on
the whirls K¹.
Various other modifications of the herein described machine, might also be made
by anyone skilled in the art, which could be used without departing from the spirit
of our invention.
Having thus particularly ascertained and described the nature of our said
invention, we declare that what we claim is :-
1. A machine for the manufacture of twine, cord, or the like, substantially as
herein described and shewn in the drawings hereunto annexed.
2. The construction, combination, and arrangement of parts, substantially as
herein described with reference to Figs. 3, 8 and 9, of the drawings hereunto
annexed.
3. The construction, combination, and arrangement of parts, substantially as
herein described with reference to Figs. 8, 11 and 12 of the drawings hereunto
annexed.
4. The construction, combination, and arrangement of parts, substantially as
herein described and shewn in Figs. 8, 9 and 10 of the drawings hereunto
annexed.
5. The construction, combination and arrangement of parts substantially as herein
described and shewn in Fig. 13 of the drawings hereunto annexed.
6. The means for separating the yarns from adjacent bobbins, substantially as
herein described and shewn in Figs. 8, 11, and 12 of the drawings.
7. The means for braking the former spindle, substantially as herein described
and shewn in the drawings hereunto annexed.
Dated this 7th March 1895.
TONGUE & BIRKBECK,
Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, England.
Agents for the Applicants.