An Improvement in Valve and Governing Gear for Gas or Oil Motor Engines.
Year: 1888

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improvement in Valve and Governing Gear for Gas or Oil Motor
Engines.
I, FRANCIS WILLIAM CROSSLEY, of Openshaw Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
For regulating the speed of gas motor engines, a governor has been employed known
as the "inertia governor.". This consists of a lever carrying a weight pivotted on the
slide valve of the engine and reciprocating with it, one arm of this lever being
arranged so as either to hit or to miss the stem of the gas supply valve.
When the engine is working at normal speed this arm at every stroke of the slide
valve hits the stem of the gas valve and moving the valve in opposition to a weight or
spring admits gas to the engine cylinder. When however the speed of the engine is
too great, the inertia of the weight upon the lever causes the arm to take such a
position that it misses the stem of the gas valve, and consequently there is no supply
of gas until the speed of the engine becomes moderated. In many gas motor engines
there is no slide valve for admitting and igniting the cylinder charge, but in lieu
thereof there is provided a lever worked by a cam, which lever at the proper time
opens a lift valve for admitting to the cylinder the charge of air with or without gas.
It is to this arrangement of valve gear that my invention applies the chief objec i
which I have in view being to utilise in a simple manner a single cam and lever for
working the air supply valve, the inertia governor and the gas supply valve.
For this purpose, according to one arrangement, on the cam lever above mentioned
I pivot the inertia lever, which may be of hell crank form, its loaded arm extending
forwards horizontally and its other arm, which is a thin blade, extending upwards
vertically under the stem of the gas valve. This stem has a shoulder against which
the end of the blade abuts when the engine is working at normal speed, the upward
movement of the cam lever in that case effecting the opening of the gas valve as well
as that of the air valve. When the engine moves at a speed beyond the normal speed,

page_text: the cam lever, rising rapidly, leaves the weight on the bell crank lever somewhat
behind, and consequently the blade arm of this lever is turned a little aside so that in
its ascent it misses the shoulder on the stem of the gas valve and fails to open that
valve. The loaded bell crank lever is subjected to the pressure of a spring which can
be adjusted by a screw and nut to overcome more or less of the inertia of the load, and
so to determine a greater or less speed of the engine.
Valve and governing gear such as I have described is obviously applicable in oil
motor engines, wherein combustible vapour takes the place of gas.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Engines.
I, FRANCIS WILLIAM CROSSLEY of Openshaw Manchester in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
For regulating the speed of gas motor engines a governor has been employed known
as the "inertia governor." This consists of a lever carrying a weight pivotted on the
slide valve of the engine and reciprocating with it, one arm of this lever being
arranged so as either to hit or to miss the stem of the gas supply valve.
When the engine is working at normal speed this arm at every stroke of the slide
valve hits the stem of the gas valve and moving the valve in opposition to a weight or
spring admits gas to the engine cylinder. When however the speed of the engine is
too great, the inertia of the weight upon the lever causes the arm to take such a position
that it misses the stem of the gas valve, and consequently there is no supply of gas
until the speed of the engine becomes moderated. In many gas motor engines there
is no slide valve for admitting and igniting the cylinder charge but, in lieu thereof,
there is provided a lever worked by a cam which lever at the proper time opens a lift
valve for admitting to the cylinder the charge of air with or without gas. It is to this
arrangement of valve gear that my invention applies, the chief object which I have in
view being to utilise in a simple manner a single cam and lever for working the air
supply valve, the inertia governor and the gas supply valve.
For this purpose, according to one arrangement, on the cam lever above mentioned
1 pivot the inertia lever which may be of bell crank form, its loaded arm extending
forwards horizontally and its other arm which is a thin blade extending upwards
vertically under the stem of tho gas valve. This stem has a shoulder against which the
end of the blade abuts when the engine is working at normal speed the upward move-
ment of the cam lever in that case effecting the opening of the gas valve as well as
that of the air valve. When the engine moves at a speed beyond the normal speed
the cam lever rising rapidly leaves the weight on the bell crank lever somewhat behind
and consequently the blade arm of this lever is turned a little aside so that in its ascent
it misses the shoulder on the stem of the gas valve and fails to open that valve. The
loaded bell crank lever is subjected to the pressure of a spring which can be adjusted
by a screw and nut to overcome more or less of the inertia of the load and so to
determine a greater or less speed of the engine.
Valve and governing gear such as I have described is obviously applicable in oil
motor engines wherein combustible vapour takes the place of gas.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings shews an elevation of the arrangement of my
before described valve and governing gear which I prefer to employ and Fig. 2 shews
a plan of the same.

page_text: A is the port for admitting air and A is the charging valve to the engine cylinder C,
and B is the gas admission valve. D is the lover which works both these valves and
which is pivotted at D to the engine frame and is actuated by the cam E on the
countershaft F; the roller of the lever being kept against the cam by a spring G.
The charging valve A is held down by a spring H and is opened at the required
moment for admitting a charge of gas and air to the cylinder by the pin I on the
lever D.
The gas valve B is held down by a spring J and its spindle is prevented from turning
by a screw K which just touches a flat face formed on the spindle. The lower end of
the spindle has a flat face and a shoulder at L with which the end of a blade M of the
inertia governor comes in contact for opening the valve. The governor consists of a
weighted arm N pivotted at O to the end of the lever D; the lever has a lug D² to
which is fixed a pin P having a screw nut P¹ serving as abutment to one end of a
spring the other end of which bears against a lug N on the weighted arm N which
is thereby held in the position shewn, such that the blade M fixed to a second lug N'
on the arm N is in position for acting on the spindle of the gas valve and raising the
valve when it is itself raised by the lever 1. By adjusting the screw nut P₁ the
pressure of the spring Q can be regulated so as to hold the arm end and blade M in
the position shewn as long as the required normal speed of the engine is not exceeded
so that the lever, at every upstroke, opens both the valves A and B to admit a working
charge to the cylinder. When however the normal speed of the engine is exceeded,
the resulting quicker rise of the lever D will cause the weighted arm, by virtue of its
inertia, to turn downwards somewhat on its pivot relatively to the lever in opposition
to the spring and consequently to move the blade M out of line with the valve spindle,
so that the lever D will fail to open the gas valve, and only air will enter the cylinder
through the valve A.
On the consequent reduction of speed to the normal, the arm N and blade M will
again be held by the spring in the position for opening the gas valve. Obviously
similar. valve gear is applicable when the cylinder C is vertical.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that
what I claim is
1. In a gas or oil motor engine, actuating both the charging valve and the gas
admission valve by means of a single lever and cam, the lever being made to work
the charging valve directly at every stroke, and to work the gas valve through an
inertia governor so arranged that when the normal speed of the engine is exceeded the
lever fails to open the gas valve, substantially as herein described.
2. In valve and governing gear for gas or oil motor engines, the combination with
a lever D serving to actuate both the charging valve A and gas valve B of an inertia
governor consisting of a weighted arm N with blade ML which is held in position for
actuating the gas valve by an adjustable spring Q, but which is moved out of position
by the inertia of the arm N when the normal speed is exceeded, substantially as herein
described.
Dated this 24th day of Nanaohan 1000