IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFTING. LOWERING, TRANSPORTING, AND REGULATING THE MOTION, OF HEAVY BODIES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Robertson, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LIFTING. LOWERING, TRANSPORTING, AND REGULATING THE MOTION, OF HEAVY
BODIES."
1
Sealed the 29th October 1857, and dated the 11th June 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Robertson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th June 1857.
I, JAMES ROBERTSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer,do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LIFTING, LOWERING, TRANSPORTING, AND REGULATING THE MOTION OF HEAVY
BODIES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention' relates to various inechanical arrangements, by means of
which heavy bonies may be lifted or lowered, moved from place to place, or
their motion regulated or retarded. In many inodifications of these improved
arrangements for lifting and, traversing heavy bodies, the point from which
the weight is suspended always moves in a horizontal line, irrespective of
the angular motion described by the supporting column or derrick.
One modification of the lifting and traversing apparatus consists of a pair
of columns or standards similar to the legs of lifting shears, jointed at their
lower ends, and free to move to and fro upon this bottom centre. Between
these legs is fitted a lever, which projects more upon one side than the other,
and to the shorter end is attached a chain or rod forming a stay; the weight
Price 8d1

page_text: to be moved is suspended to the longer arm of the lever. When the legs of this
lifting machine are moved, the chain or stay rod moves parallel thereto, and
raises or depresses the lever, so that the load always moves in a horizontal line.
Another arrangement consists of a single column, and double chains or stay
rods attached to the shorter end of the lever; and in a further arrangement
the parts consist of a column or derrick moving on a joint at the bottom, and
fitted at the upper part with a triple-armed lever, the chains or stays being
attached to two of the arms, and the weight to be raised to the third. As the
derrick moves upon its axis the triple lever is varied in its position by the
action of the stays, so that the load moves in a horizontal line. The foregoing
arrangement may be actuated by a steam engine, working in conjunction with
Mr. James Robertson's patent grooved-wheel gearing. In this modification
the bottom of the derrick forms a segmental-toothed wheel, which gears with
a worm on a shaft driven by the engine.
In another arrangement of the lifting apparatus, the foot of the standard or
derrick is fitted to a socket or other universal joint, and is guided by back
and side stays, which serve to guide the derrick's motion.
With slight modifications the improved lifting apparatus is also well adapted
for raising goods to the upperfloors of warehouses, anddrawing them within the
building. In this arrangement the shifting derrick may be either suspended
from the ceiling, or stand upon the floor of the wareroom, the shaft carrying
the pulley being made to travel to and fro, so as to land the goods upon the
platform when raised to the level of the floor.
Another arrangement, very useful for moving heavy weights in workshops,
consists of a bent lever suspended at one end to a stay or rod pendant from
the ceiling, and between this and the outer end of the lever is attached a rod,
the upper end of which is connected to a roller, which travels on a circular
channel rail suspended from the ceiling. By means of this arrangement the
lever may be swung completely round its central supports, and the weight
moved over a considerable area..
Under another modification the apparatus consists of a hollow arm moving
on a universal joint, pendant from the ceiling. The hollow arm may be placed
at any angle between 90° by means of an adjusting lever. The lifting chain
passes through the hollow arm down to a winch or winding barrel. The
range of the arm may be increased by making it telescopic, or with one tube
sliding within another, or so as to secure a good elongating action.
Under other modifications the lifting apparatus consists of an elongating
derrick, moving in any direction by means of an universal foot joint, the
elongation being obtained by means of an internal sliding piece, which is

page_text: acted upon by the stay chains, which are passed over pulleys fixed to the
derrick, and then attached to the sliding piece; or the sliding piece may be
actuated by means of a pinion fixed to the derrick, and in gear with a
segmental-toothed rack and with the sliding piece. The parallel com-
pensating action may be obtained in the lifting apparatus by means of a
bevilled-toothed segment, actuated by the derrick side stays. The toothed
segment communicates motion to a pinion keyed on a shaft, by means of
which the chain barrel is turned the required distance.
The foregoing modifications of lifting apparatus may be used with great
advantage for lifting weights out of the holds of vessels, and transferring them
at once to the wharf or quay; also for lifting or moving drawbridges, for which
purpose the great range of the parallel-motion derrick renders it peculiarly
applicable.or for swinging a basket for the conveyance of passengers or goods
acrossastreamor ravine. And although a horizontal traverse has herein-before
been specially referred to, it is obvious that by varying the respective lengths or
adjustments of the details composing the apparatus, or in other words, by dis-
torting the parellelism of the movements, an undulating differential, ascending,
and descending traverse action may be secured, so as to be available for mov-
ing heavy bodies up or down, or in other paths, as may be required in practice.
Another part of the Invention consists of the application of the grooved
frictional gearing, for which Mr. Robertson obtained separate British Letters
Patent, bearing date on or about the Eighth day of Septembr, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-four, and the Twenty-fourth day of March, Que
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
The
One modification of these arrangements consists of hoisting apparatus, such
as sack lifts. On the shaft of the winding or chain barrel is fitted to a grooved
wheel, which rests upon and gears with a similarly grooved driver.
motion of the winding barrel is stopped by simply lifting the driven grooved
wheel out of gear with the driver; this is effected by means of a lever, or by
other mechanical arrangements for connecting and disconnecting.
Under different modifications the grooved frictional wheels are also appli-
cable to winches, cranes, or other hoisting apparatus driven by steam power,
and when fitted with a grooved reversing wheel and brake, is under complete
and most effective control.
Under another arrangement the frictional grooved wheels are adapted for
pit winding. A grooyed pinion on the engine shaft rests upon agrooved wheel
on the pirn or winding shaft, which is driven by the frictional contact of the
pinion. A self-acting brake is adapted to the arrangement to prevent over-
winding.

page_text: Another modification consists of concave segmentally shaped break pieces
applied to grooved wheels, for the purpose of checking or controlling the
motion of the same.
Under different modifications the grooved frictional surfaces may be
variously applied to the purposes of breaking, checking, or controlling the
motion ofwindingmachines, rotatory machinery, railway engines and carriages.
These various mechanical appliances for lifting, lowering, transporting, and
regulating the motion of heavy bodies may be actuated or driven by manual
labour, steam, or hydraulic or hydrostatic power. It is especially intended to
combine the herein-before described mechanical arrangements with the
grooved surface frictional gearing, for which Mr. Robertson obtained separate
British Letters Patent, bearing date on or about the Eight day of September,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, and the Twenty-fourth day of
March, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six. This combination is
valuable for several reasons, but in particular, on account of the fact that such
grooved surface frictional gearing works most effectively without involving any
broken motion or irregularity of action, and also for the reason that it affords
peculiar facilities for disengaging and reversing. It is also intended to make
special combinations of the herein-before described mechanical arrangements
or modifications thereof with Mr. Robertson's "Improvements in Lifting or
Transporting Heavy Bodies," for which he obtained a grant of British Letters
Patent, bearing date on or about the Twenty-fifth day of March,One Thousand
eight hundred and fifty-four, both as regards the general arrangements of the
hydrostatic machinery used under the Patent last mentioned, but also as
regards the peculiar feature of storing up the operating water.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Robertson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
11th December 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
ROBERTSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said James Robertson, Her special liceuse that I, the said James Robertson,

page_text: my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James
Robertson, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFTING.
LOWERING, TRANSPORTING, AND REGULATING
THE MOTION OF HEAVY BODIES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James Robertson, by
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immed-
iately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Robertson, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to
the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to various mechanical arrangements, by means
of which heavy bodies may be lifted or lowered, moved from place to place,
or their motion regulated or retarded. In many modifications of these
improved arrangements for lifted and traversing heavy bodies, the point from
which the weight is suspended always moves in a horizontal line, irrespective
of the angular motion described by the supporting column or derrick.
One modification of the lifting and traversing apparatus consists of a
pair of columns or standards, similar to the legs of lifting shears, jointed
at their lower ends, and free to move to and fro upon this bottom centre.
Between these legs is fitted a lever, which projects more upon one side
than the other, and to the shorter end is attached a chain or rod forming a
stay; the weight to be moved is suspended to the longer arm of the lever.
When the legs of this lifting machine are moved, the chain or stay rod
moves parallel thereto, and raises or depresses the lever, so that the load
always moves in a horizontal line.
Another arrangement consists of a single column and double chains or stay
rods, attached to the shorter end of the lever; and in a further arrangement,
the parts consist of a column or derrick moving on a joint at the bottom,
and fitted at the upper part with a triple-armed lever, the chains or stays
being attached to two of the arms, and the weight to be raised to the third.
As the derrick moves upon its axis the triple lever is varied in its position by

page_text: the action of the stays, so that the load moves in a horizontal line. T'he
foregoing arrangement may be actuated by a stean eugine, working in
conjunction with my patent grooved-wheel gearing. In this modification
the bottom of the derrick forms a segmental-toothed wheel, which gears
with a worm on a shaft driven by the engine.
In another arrangement of the lifting apparatus, the foot of the standard
or derrick is fitted to a socket or other universal joint, and is guided by back
and side stays, which serve to guide the derrick's motion.
With slight modifications the improved lifting apparatus is also well
adapted for raising goods to the upper floors of warehouses, and drawing them
within the building. In this arrangement the shifting derrick may be
either suspended from the ceiling or stand upon the floor of the wareroom,
the shaft carrying the pulley being made to travel to and fro, so as to land
the goods upon the platform when raised to the level of the floor.
Another arrangement, very useful for moving heavy weights in workshops,
consists of a bent lever suspended at one end to a stay or rod pendant from
the ceiling, and between this and the outer end of the lever is attached a rod,
the upper end of which is connected to a roller, which travels on a circular
channel rail suspended from the ceiling. By means of this arrangement
the lever may be swung completely round its central supports, and the
weight moved over a considerable area.
Under another modification the apparatus consists of a hollowarm, moving
on a universal joint, pendent from the ceiling. The hollow arm may be placed
at any angle between 90° by means of an adjusting lever. The lifting chain
passes through the hollow arm down to a winch or winding barrel. The
range of the arm may be increased by making it telescopic, or with one
tube sliding within another, so as to secure a good elongation.
Under other modifications the lifting apparatus consists of an elongating
derrick, moving in any direction by means of an universal foot joint, the
elongation being obtained by means of an internal sliding piece, which is
acted upon by the stay chains, which are passed over pulleys fixed to the
derrick, and then attached to the sliding piece; or the sliding piece may
be actuated by means of a pinion fixed to the derrick, and in gear with a
segmental-toothed rack and with the sliding piece. The parallel com-
pensating action may be obtained in the lifting apparatus by means of a
bevilled-toothed segment, actuated by the derrick side stays. The toothed
segment communicates motion to a pinion keyed on a shaft, by means of
which the chain barrel is turned the required distance.
The foregoing modifications of lifting apparatus may be used with great

page_text: advantage for lifting weights out of the holds of vessels, and transferring them
at once to the wharf or quay; also for lifting or moving drawbridges, for
which
purpose the great range of the parallel-motion derrick renders it
peculiarlyapplicable, or for swinging a basket for the coz veyance of passengers
or goods across a stream or ravine. And although a horizontal traverse has
herein before been specially referred to, it is obvious that by varying the
respective lengths or adjustments of the details composing the apparatus, or
in other words, by distorting the parallelism of the movements, an undulating.
differential, ascending, and descending traverse action may be secured, so as
to be available for moving heavy bodies up and down, or in other paths, as may
be required in practice.
Another part of the Invention consists of the application of the grooved
frictional gearing, for which I have obtained separate British Letters Patent,
bearing date on or about the Eighth day of September, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty four, and the Twenty-fourth day of March, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-six.
One modification of these arrangements consists of hoistingapparatus,such
as sack lifts. On the shaft of the winding or chain barrel is fitted a grooved
wheel, which rests upon and gears with a similarly grooved driver. The
motion of the winding barrel is stopped by simply lifting the driven grooved
wheel out of gear with the driver. This is effected by means of a lever, or
by other mechanical arrangements for connecting and disconnecting.
Under different modifications the grooved frictional wheels are also appli-
cable to winches, cranes, or other hoisting apparatus driven by steam power,.
and when fitted with a grooved reversing wheel and brake, is under complete
and most effective control.
Under another arrangement the frictional grooved wheels are adapted for
pit winding. A grooved pinion on the engine shaft rests upon a grooved
wheel on the pirn or winding shaft, which is driven by the frictional contact
of the pinion. A self-acting brake is adapted to the arrangement to prevent
over-winding.
Another modification consists of concave segmentally-shape brake pieces,
applied to grooved wheels, for the purpose of checking or controlling the
motion of the same.
Under different modifications the grooved frictional surfaces may be
variously applied to the purposes of braking, checking, or controlling the
motion of winding machines, rotatory machinery, railwayengines, and carriages.
These various mechanical appliances for lifting,lowering, transporting, and
regulating the motion of heavy bodies may be actuated or driven by manual

page_text: labour, steam, or hydraulic or hydrostatic power. It is especially intended
to combine the herein-before described mechanical arrangement with the
grooved surface frictional gearing, for which I have obtained separate British
Letters Patent, bearing date on or about the Eighth day of September, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, and the Twenty-fourth day of March,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six. This combination is valuable for
several reasons, but in particular on account of the fact that such grooved
surface frictional gearingworks most effectively without involving anybroken
motion or irregularity of action, and also for the reason that it affords peculiar
facilities for disengaging and reversing. It is also intended to make special
combinations of the herein-before described mechanical arrangements or
modifications thereof, with my "Improvements in Lifting or Transporting
Heavy Bodies," for which I obtained a grant of British Letters Patent, bearing
date on or about the Twenty-fifth day of March, One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-four, both as regards the general arrangements of the hydrostatic
machinery used under the Patent last mentioned, but also as regards the
peculiar feature of storing up the operating water.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood, I shall
now proceed to describe the several illustrative Figures upon the six Sheets of
explanatory Drawings which I have hereunto appended for the purpose of
showing certain modifications underwhich myimprovements may bejudiciously
carried out in practice.
The first part of my Invention relates to improvements in derricks for
lifting, lowering, and traversing heavy bodies to and fro.
Figure 1, on Sheet 1 of my Drawings, is an elevation or side view of one
modification of my improved derricks; Figure 2 is a back view of the same.
The derrick is built upon a suitable foundation or substructure A, of stone or
other materials, to the upper course of which the bed plates B of the derrick
are firmly secured by bolts which pass through the masonry and bed plates and
are secured by nuts. Near to the fore end of each of these bed plates B is
cast a semi-circular recess, to which a cap is fitted and secured to the plate B
- by bolts, the recess and the cap forming a bearing C to receive the trunnions
or pivots D, which project laterally from the cast-iron sockets E. The sockets
E are cast hollow to receive the lower ends of the two columns or standards F,
which form the jib of the derrick, the to-and-fro movement of which is
obtained by the motion of the trunnions in the bearings C. A longitudinal
recess or cavity is made in the stonework of the foundation A between the
legs of the jib F; in this opening, the T-shaped casting G,which forms the foot
of the sockets E, moves to and fro in accordance with the motion of the jib F.

page_text: The T piece G is strengthened by malleable iron side rods H, whichare bolted
to its upper and lower parts, and to an eye fast to the end of the foot piece G is
attached a chain I, by which the motion of the lower end of the derrick is
controlled. The upper side of the foot piece G is cast to form a bearing for
the pulley J, under which the hoisting chain K is passed. Between the
upper extremities of the jib F is slung a strong pulley L, the strap of which is
made to receive and hold the hoisting lever M, which is fixed to the strap at
about one-third of its length from the after end, thus allowing two-thirds of
its length to project forward beyond the jib F. The lever M is stayed above
by the rods N, which are attached to the cap of the jib, and to each end of
the lever. To the after end of the lever M is likewise attached the upper
extremities of a pair of stay rods O, the lower ends of which are linked to eyes
fast to the bed plates B. At the outer or forward end of the hoisting lever. M
is a pulley P, which is suspended from the stud to which the fore ends of the
rods N are attached. The hoisting chain K passes from the under side of the
pulley J over the pulleys Land P, and terminates in a hook or other attach-
ment for lifting the weight to be raised. The chain I, which is attached to
the foot G of the derrick, is passed round a barrel Q, forming part of the
steam winch R, and serves to control the forward motion of the jib. The
movement of the jib in the opposite or backward direction is regulated by
the chain S, the upper extremity of which is attached to an eye bolted to the
after end of the lever M; the other portion of the chain S passes round
the barrel Q. The barrel Q is made of two diameters, so that the chains
I and S may be paid out and hauled in in the same ratio, in order that the
weight on the hook of the hoisting chain may be kept in a horizontal or
nearly horizontal position, that is to say, if the derrick is allowed to move
forwards, as shown by the red lines in Figure 1 of my Drawings, the chain I,
which is wound upon the smaller part of the barrel Q, will be hauled in as
the jib I' moves forward, meanwhile the chain S is paid out in corresponding.
ratio, and the rods O at the same time so adjust the angle of the lever M that
the hook of the hoisting chain moves in a horizontal or nearly horizontal.
plane. When moving the derrick in the opposite or backward direction, it
follows that the chain I must be paid out whilst the chain $ is hauled in, the
lever M being meanwhile so adjusted by the rods O that the hook of the
hoisting chain moves in a horizontal plane. The hoisting chain K passes
from under the pulley J to the winding barrel T, its ascent and descent being
regulated by the steam winch R or other regulator. The stay rods O being
attached to the after end of the lever M serve to control its motion, as these
rods move in unison with the jib F, and parallel or nearly so therewith.

page_text: In the modification shown in Figure 3,on Sheet 1 of my Drawings, the corre-
sponding parts are marked with similar letters of reference. In this arrange-
ment the foundation masonry A and the cast-iron bed plates B are but
slightly modified from the corresponding parts shown in Figures 1 and 2; but
in this derrick the jib F is a single spar or column, the lower end of which is
fitted into a cast-iron socket or foot C, the pivots or trunnions E of which are
supported in the bearings D. The upper extremity of the jib is fitted with a
forked or slotted cap L, in which the hoisting lever M works upon a journal
which passes through the cheeks of the cap L. The lever M is strengthened
by parallel tie rods N, which are bolted to the upper part of the cap L and to
each extremity of the hoisting lever M, in a manner similar to the arrange-
ment shown in Figure 1. To the after or shorter arm of the lever M are
attached the chains O and P, the lower ends of which are fast to links
which rotate on studs cast on the bed plate B. These chains serve to adjust
the angle of the lever M in the same manner as the rods O do in the
modification first described herein. When the jib is moved forward, as shown
by the red lines to the right of Figure 3, the after chain O is tightened and is
lifting the fore end of the lever M, whilst the forward chain P, or that one
which is nearest to the jib, is slackened, and consequently not exerting any
force upon the lever M; but when the jib F is moved backwards beyond the
vertical position, as shown by the red lines to the left of Figure 3, then
the chain P nearest to the jib comes into action and controls the motion of
the lever M, the after chain O meanwhile remaining slack and inoperative.
The jib Fis moved backwards and forwards by means of the chains Q and R
attached to the lever M; these chains cross each other and are carried down
to pulleys fixed to the bed plate B; from the pulleys they are carried away
laterally and wound in opposite directions upon the barrel of a winch, by
turning which the jib F may be moved to and fro in the directions indicated
by the red lines in Figure 3, Sheet 1 of my Drawings. In this arrangement
one of my hydrostatic hoists S is shewn attached to the outer end of the
lever M, in which the weight is raised by the pressure of water upon the
under side of a piston traversing in the cylinder S, as is fully described in
the Specification of former British Letters Patent granted to me.
Figure 4, on Sheet 1 of my Drawings, is an elevation of a pendant lifting,
lowering, and moving apparatus, which is applicable to the overhead beams of
warehouses or other similar positions. The moveable parts of the apparatus
are attached to the plate T, which is bolted to a beam of the building. A
pendant rod U, which corresponds in its office to the jib of an ordinary
derrick, is jointed at the upper end to the plate T, and at its lower extremity

page_text: is jointed to the lever V. The horizontal lever V is also partially supported
by the rod W, which is attached by an eye to the plate T, and at its lower
end is jointed to the lever V, in manner similar to the main rod or shaft U.
This rod W is arranged nearly parallel to the rod U, and moves in unison
with it, serving, in like manner to the guide rods O, in Figure 1, to guide
and adjust the lever V, so that the load hung to its outer end moves in a
horizontal or nearly horizontal plane. The pendant apparatus is moved to
and fro by hand, and within certain limits will remain in the angular position
it is placed in, for instance, as is shown in the red lines, Figure 4 of Sheet 1.
The rod W is so arranged in the proportion of its length and the positions of
its centre with regard to the rod U, that it compensates for the angular
motion of the lever V, which is by this means so adjusted that the weight
hung upon it at its outer end travels in a horizontal plane or nearly so, and
may thus be moved to and fro with great facility.
Figure 1, of Sheet 2 of my Drawings, is a front elevation of one modification
of my improved derricks, showing the derrick partly swung round; Figure 2
is a side elevation; and Figure 3 a plan, corresponding to Figure 1. In this
arrangement the derrick is shown as attached to the mast A of a ship, or
other vertical columnar support. The castings B and C, for carrying the foot
of the derrick 1), and to which the end of the horizontal stay E is attached,
are fixed to the mast by circle straps F, the ends of which are made with an
external screw, to which nuts are fitted. The ends of the straps F are passed
through eyes at each side of the castings B and C, and by means of the nuts
are firmly secured to each other. In the projecting part of each of the castings
B and C a vertical orifice is made to receive the heel or pivot G of the jointed
foot of the derrick, and in the upper casting C to receive the bolt H, to which
the swivel I is fast. An eye is also cast upon the lower part of the casting C,
to which a pulley or ordinary gin block J is hung by its sustaining hook. The
hoisting chain K from the stationary winch or other purchase is passed over
the sheave of the block J,and is then carried downwards in a vertical direction
to the pulley L, the check plates of which form a part of the cast-iron foot M
of the derrick, which is jointed at N to the pivot or swivelling pin G. The
chain K passes under the sheave of the pulley L, and is then carried upwards
aud parallel to the derrick, and passed over the sheave of the cast-iron block
O, at the upper extremity of the derrick, and terminates in a hook P of the
usual kind. To the spindle of the block O the ends of the stay or tension
bar E is attached by nuts or other means; this stay is a single rod bent at its
centre, and forming two nearly parallel rods, as shown in the plan, Figure 3.
The inner extremity of the stay E is secured by a shackle to the bolt H, which

page_text: forms the upper pivot of the derrick. In this improved derrick the vertical
portion of the hoisting chain K, or that portion of it which is between the
pulleys J and L, is in or near to a vertical line with the pivots G and H. By
this means the derrick may be swung round the greater part of its sweep
without jamming the chain, or preventing it from lifting the load by undue
friction, or uneven action on the pulleys, as by turning it round it merely gives
a limited twist to the part of the chain between the pivots G and HI, which is
compensated for by the loose aud jointed nature of common chain, and hence
is practically no hindrance to its free action over the pulleys. This peculiarity
of keeping the vertical portion of the hoisting chain in, or as near to, a line
with the swivelling pivots of the derrick as is practically necessary, which
swivelling pivots or centres are distinct from the main supports or standards,
forms an important feature of my Invention. The arrangement affords
facilities for a purchase for lifting and moving bodies from place to place in a
horizontal line or plane by steam or hand-power winches, distinct from its own
parts, and also affording facilities for placing on a fixed support or pillar steam
or hand gearing for moving the winding barrels.
Figure 4 of Sheet 2 is a side elevation of a derrick centred upon a fixed
post A, which is secured by bolts or other means to its sustaining platform.
In this Figure the parts corresponding to Figure 1, Sheet 2, are marked with
similar letters of reference. The hoisting chain K is led from the steam
winch Q or other purchase, over the pulley in the head of the derrick post A,
and downwards in a vertical or nearly vertical line to the pulley I. The
periphery of the pulley I, as in the former arrangement, Figure 1, Sheet 2, is
in a line with the pivots G and H, the axes upon which the derrick moves.
This modification of derrick is particularly applicable for being worked by
means of a steam winch, as it may be swung round nearly the whole circle
without jamming the chain or interfering with the winch Q, at the back of
the fixed pillar A.
Figure 5, Sheet 2, is a partial elevation; and Figure 6 is a plan of a
swinging derrick, fitted with stays; with this exception, the general arrange-
ment of the parts are similar to Figure 4; but the chain, instead of being
passed over the pulley fixed at the lower end of the derrick M, as in Figure 4,
may be sent in a socket, as shown in the dotted lines O, which pulleys will
also turn in accordance with the derrick's motion. The chain K passes over
the pulley J in the stationary post A, and under the pulley L, thence away
to the pulley at the head of the derrick. The pillar A has cast on it at the
upper extremity, or attached thereto, bracket pieces P, to which the divergent
back stays
are bolted. These derricks may be worked by a steam winch

page_text: or by manual power, according to the nature of the work for which they are
required.
Figure 7 of Sheet 2 is an elevation of a derrick suitable for affixing to the
walls of warehouses or other similar position; Figure S is a partially sectional
side view of the arrangement. The castings B and C in which the pivots of
the derrick rotate are firmly secured by bolts and nuts to the wall of the
building. The hoisting chain Kpasses from the barrel of the winch Q through
an aperture made in the wall, and over the pulley J, the cheek plates of which
form a part of the casting B. From the periphery of the pulley J the chain
passes down in a vertical line to the pulley L, and from thence up to the
pulley O at the derrick head. There is a sufficient length of chain in this
arrangement to admit of the swinging of the derrick without injuriously
twisting it. The arrangement may be modified by fitting the pulley J above
the upper pivot H instead of below, as shown in the Drawing. This wall
derrick is fitted with an arrangement for turning it upon its axis from the
inside of the building, in order to avoid the danger and trouble of turning it
by leaning out of the warehouse door. A bevil wheel R is keyed to the lower
pivot G of the derrick; this wheel gears with another wheel S, the shaft of
which passes through the wall of the building. At the inner end of the shaft
is fitted a handle T, by turning which the derrick may be moved upon its axis
with great facility and ease. The arrangement of this derrick may be varied,
so as to adapt it to two parallel horizontal supporting surfaces, for example,
the overhead beans and flooring of a warehouse or other similar position. In
this modification the base plate which forms the footstep of the derrick is
bolted to the flooring beams, and the collar bearings to which the shackle of
the stay rod is attached is bolted to the beams overhead. The hoisting chain
may be arranged either to pass through an eye in the collar bearing, or over
a pulley fitted at the back of the bearing. In both of these arrangements the
derrick performs an entire circuit round its axes, forming a very useful
machine for the purposes referred to. By this means a very simple crane is
obtained, and as the hand-crank handle and gearing remain the same in all
positions of the derrick, much less room is required than for the ordinary
cranes.
Figure 9, Sheet 2, is an elevation of a derrick suitable for fixing to a wall.
The central fixed column A is bolted at its lower end to the base plate
or foundation; the upper end of the column is cast witha laterally projecting
T piece F, which is bolted to the wall bracket O. The column A, a pair of
vertical fins to which the brackets P which support the crane barrel gear are
bolted. The hoisting chain K is carried over the pulley J, which in this

page_text: modification is bolted to the upper extremity of the pillar A, from thence the
chain is carried under the pulley L to the head of the derrick D. The other
parts of this derrick correspond to those before described, and are marked with
similar letters of reference.
Figure 10, Sheet 2, is a partial elevation of a derrick, in which the upper
pivot C is supported in a socket cast on the derrick post A, in the upper
extremity of which the pulley J is carried. In this modification the pulley L,
instead of being cast on the derrick foot M, forms a part of the shackle I of
the tension bar E; the hoisting chain K passes over the pulley J and under
the pulley L, along the derrick to the pulley O.
.
Figure 11, of Sheet 2, is an elevation of a derrick, in which the head
is caused to move outwards by lifting up the foot of the derrick, and in this
manner move the load in a horizontal line. Upon the stationary pillar A
a rack F, having ratchet teeth, as cast; this rack is made with a longitudinal
groove at each side of the teeth, and these grooves serve as guides for the
footstep B in which the lower pivot of the derrick works. There is an opening
made in the footstep B to admit of its traversing up and down the projecting
rack; in this opening is fitted a pinion which gears with the rack. The pinion
is actuated by the handle P, by means of which the footstep B is raised
or lowered at. pleasure; there are also double pawls arranged to fall into the
ratchet teeth, so as to hold the derrick at any required point. To the foot M
'of the derrick D a pair of rods Q are secured by a piu; these rods carry
at their upper extremities a pulley R, under which a chain S passes; one end
of this chain is fast to the upper pivot bearing C; from the pulley R the chain
passes over the pulley T to the derrick head 0; the bearing of the pulley T
is carried by a pin lixed in the shackle I of the upper pivot H. The arrange-
ment of the chain S and the pulleys R and T serve to partially balance
the derrick D and its load, so that a comparatively small amount of power is
required to move, the derrick foot up and down the rack F. The effect of
raising the foot of the derrick D is to throw the head O farther out and
away from the pillar A; this moves it out in a horizontal line or path, as
indicated by the dotted lines in Figure 11. Instead of moving the derrick D
by means of a single chain S double or triple chaius may be used if required,
the main feature being the mode of making the tendency of the derrick head
to fall outwards from the pillar, raise the lower end, and thereby make the
suspended weight move away from the pillar in a nearly horizontal direction;
instead of using a rack for raising the derrick foot, it may be done by means
of a chain wound upon a barrel, or by other means. The other portions
of this derrick are similar to those herein-before described.

page_text: Figure 12 is an end elevation, and Figure 13 a side view, of a derrick
driven by a steam winch. In this arrangement the jib is elevated or lowered
by means of a chain, which is wound upon a barrel in the steam winch. The
derrick post A has at its upper extremity a double-shaved pulley J; over one
of these sheaves the hoisting chain K as it comes from the barrel Q of
the winch passes, it is then carried down in a vertical line with the derrick
pivots under the pulley L, and from thence to the derrick head. The chain R
is wound upon the smaller barrel S of the winch, and is carried under the
pulley Tand over the second sheave of the pulley J. The pulley L is also a
double-sheaved one, and the chain R is passed under it and carried upwards to
the pulley U, which forms the extremity of the tension bars E. This latter
pulley is double sheaved, and the chain R is passed over one of them and
carried under one of the sheaves of the double pulley V, from whence it
is carried over the second sheave of the pulley U,and its extremity attached to
the cheek plate of the pulley V. The pulley V is attached to the shackle I of
the pivot H, which works in a socket cast on the upper end of the pillar A..
By unwinding or winding up the chain R the derrick is raised or lowered, and
thus a greater or less sweep is obtained.
The modification shown in Figure 14, Sheet 2, combines the principle of the
derrick with the traversinghorizontal jib crane. The stationary column A, which
may be one of the ordinary pillars of the building in which the crane is fitted,
has cast upon it the footstep bearing B, in which the lower pivot of the crane
works; and on the upper part of the column Ais cast the projecting socket C, in
which the upper pivot works. The horizontal jib D is chiefly supported by the
two struts E and F, which are connected at the bottom by the cast-iron foot G,
the pivot of which rests in the footstep B. The inner end of the jib Dis
attached by an eye to a shackle H, through the cheek plates of which and the
socket C the upper pivot I passes, and is secured at its lower end by a cottar.
Upon the upper side of the jib D is laid a horizontal rack or rail J, upon which
the carriage L travels, being moved to and fro thereon by means of a chain
passing over pulleys, or other of the ordinary means at present employed. The
hoisting chain K is carried upwards from the barrel of the winch over
the pulley M on the upper part of the coluinn A, and thence downwards
to the pulley N, which is fitted at the side of the strut E; and from the pulley
N the chain is carried over the double-sheaved traversing pulley O, round the
block P, to which its free end is attached. Traversing cranes of this kind may
be attached to the pillars of workshops, or other places where the ordinary
traversing crane would be inadmissible from want of space. The hoisting gear

page_text: may also be bolted to the column A, and a very complete and effective lifting
machine is thereby obtained.
Figure 1, on Sheet 3 of my illustrative Drawings, is a side elevation of the
main portions of a quay or other crane, as fitted up according to my improve-
ments; Figure 2 is a plan of the same. In this example the main fixed post
A is the stationary support for the crane wheels, chain barrel, and derrick or
jib centre. The post or pillar being stationary, much less room is taken up
by it than by a common crane with cheeks swinging on it; and as there is
no necessity on turning any part of the pillar, and no exact fitting of parts
being required, it is much less expensive than ordinary machinery of the kind.
The jib B is centered on a joint or swinging stud C, set in a bracket attached
to the fixed main pillar, the upper end of this jib being connected by the
link rod 1) with the swinging stud E carried by the top of the main pillar.
The winch handles F work the double-power spur wheel gear G, actuating the
main winding barrel for the hoisting chain H, the other end of the barrel
'having a grooved brake wheel I fast upon it. The chain H passes upwards
from the winding barrel over the pulley J in the head of the main pillar, and
thence descends and passes round and beneath the pulley K, set at the lower
end of the jib B. From this pulley the chain passes up and over a pulley
set on a stud centre in the extreme upper end of the jib, and then descends
to the object to be lifted. In this arrangement the centre of the upper stud
E is in a vertical line with the hoisting chain at the part where it comes upon
the periphery of the pulley H, and with the bottom swinging centre C of the
jib. Thus, the whole of the gearing can work as a fixed combination of
mechanisın; whilst the peculiar mode in which the jib is swung admits of the
elevated load being turned round or moved laterally with great freedom
without interfering with the action of the gearing in any way. The grooved
brake action is actuated by the lever L, as may be required. The brake
lever L has a short heel piece entered into a corresponding recess in the tail
of the concave brake piece M, so that on drawing the lever in either direction
the brake is put down or relieved from the brake-wneel surface.
Figure 3 on the same Sheet, represents the same arrangement as adapted
for working in the flat of a building, the post A in this instance serving the
purpose of an ordinary supporting column. Here the operating gearing and
brake arrangements are the same as in Figures 1 and 2; the jib and hoisting
chain acts in a precisely similar way, the only difference being that the main
pillar A is fixed both at top and bottom.
Figures 4 and 5 are elevations at right angles of a crane of a kind

page_text: generally similar to that last described, but with the lift taken by double
power actuated by hydrostatic pressure. This arrangement of crane or
swinging derrick movement is very advantageous,inasmuch as the hydrostatic
lifting cylinder can be fixed to the main pillar without involving any expensive
contrivances to meet the difficulties of the steam or water pipe connections
experienced in arranging the common swinging cranes. In this arrangement
A is the hydrostatic lifting cylinder arranged according to the designs laid
down in my previous Patent. The piston rod of this cylinder carries a pulley
B, round which the hoisting chain C is passed. One end of this chain is
attached as a fixture to the head of the main pillar at D, the other end of
the chain passes down round the pulley B, and thence up and round the
large pulley E at the top of the main pillar. From this point the chain
passes down round the pulley F, carried by the lower end of the jib, and
thence up alongside the jib, and over the pulley G in the head thereof,
terminating in the hoisting hook H.
This
Figure 6 is a partial view of a crane with a swinging derrick or jib on
the general principle berein-before referred to. In this instance the hoisting
chain A passes from the hoisting barrel of the winding gear round the
stationary pulley B on the main pillar C, and thence up and through a part
of the vertical tubular centre pin D in the head of the pillar. The chain is
then laid out at the side of this pin and passed over the pulley E.
pulley is centred on a stud carried by the forked bearing piece F, which
again is centred upon the tubular piece D, and to this forked piece is jointed
the stay link G for the upper end of the jib. In Figure 7 the hoisting chain
is carried to one side past the snugs of the main post, so as to carry out to
a certain extent the views embraced in the previous Figures on this Sheet
of Drawing.
Figures 8 and 9 are two views of a crane or hoisting apparatus well suited
for foundries, or to be fixed to the overhead beams of warehouses or other
uses. In this example the wall A of the building serves to support the
hoisting gearing B. To one of the horizontal beams C overhead is fixed the
pendant hanger D, which consists of a cast-iron pillar curved horizontally at
its lower extremity, which forms the footstep for the jib. The outer end of
the jib is connected by a tension rod to the shackle which is carried by the
pendent stud D¹, which forms the upper pivot of the derrick, and is in a
vertical line with the lower one for the hoisting barrel; the chain E passes
up and over the pulley F carried by the hanger D, thence the chain descends,
and passes round beneath the pulley G, carried by the lower end of the
jib El, which is centred in the bottom of the hanger at I. From this point

page_text: the chain passes up over the pulley J in the outer end of the jib, and thence
descends to its work.
This arrangement of a pendant derrick may be advantageously used for
traversing upon rails fixed to overhead beams in workshops or warehouses,
so as to be easily moved to and fro, thus combining a traversing movement
with a nearly circular sweep. In this modification the sustaining plate
instead of being fixed to the beam is attached to a suitable traversing
carriage, so as to be readily removed to and fro upon the rails.
Fig. 10 represents the lower portion of one of my improved cranes, the
upper portion being supposed to be arranged according to any of the forms
of cranes shown on Sheet 3, whilst provision is made for enabling the sus-
pended weight to swing or turn itself round; Fig. 11 is a plan of the same.
There the main stationary pillar A supports the jib B at the bottom by ineans
of a compound or eccentrix stud centre. The bottom bracket C, forming the
footstep support for the bottom of the jib, is bored out to receive the footstep
piece D, which has upon it a bevil wheel E in gear with a pinion F, fast on
the front end of the inclined shaft G. This shaft works through the main
post, and is actuated by handles at the back. The actual joint stud centre H,
on which the jib really turns, works in a hole bored eccentrically to the axis
of the footstep piece D. In this way, by turning the shaft G more or less,
the footstep D is set round correspondingly, so as to form an inclined-plane
swinging action, and this adjustment being effected prior to the weight coming
upon the jib, it follows that the weight itself will give the necessary swing for
the lateral transport of the suspended body to the required distance.
Figs. 12 and 13 are respectively an elevation and plan of another arrange-
ment for a similar purpose, the inclined-plane swinging action being
obtained by setting the bottom end of the jib on a jointed crank stud pin
A fast in the bevil wheel of the footstep piece.
Figs. 14 and 15 are two views of another plan of the same kind, wherein
the bearing for the joint-stud centre-piece A can be adjusted laterally, as
desired, by means of suitable set screws. The same effect can also be secured
by arranging a similar movement in the upper centre, on which the jib
turns.
Figs. 16 and 17 shew how this can be done, the crank or eccentrically
disposed upper centre stud pin A being turned as required, by turning the
shaft B, carrying a spur pinion C, gearing into a spur wheel D, which
carries the stud A.
Fig. 1, on Sheet 4 of my Drawings, is a side elevation of a pit or mining
engine, and its winding apparatus, as arranged in accordance with my

page_text: improvements; Fig. 2, on the same Sheet, is an end view of the same, as
taken at right angles to Fig 1; Fig. 3, is a plan of the entire machinery,
corresponding directly with Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a view of the winding-cage
pit-head pulleys and framing of the two parallel shafts of a mine on a
smaller scale; Figs. 5 and 6 are respectively side and front views of another
winding or lifting arrangement suitable for mine shafts. Referring to Figs. 1
2, and 3, the horizontal steam cylinder A is here supposed to be the motive
power The piston rod of this cylinder is connected by a rod in the usual
manner directly with the crank B, on the main first-motion shaft C, carrying
a fly wheel D. On this shaft is keyed a groved frictional surface wheel E,
in gear with the large correspondingly grooved wheel F, fast on the lower
or second-motion shaft. G, carrying the great winding barrel or pulley H.
The bearings of the shaft C are capable of vertical adjustment, to allow of the
proper frictional contract of the two wheels E and F, or the bearings of the
latter wheel may be capable of being packed up for a similar purpose. The
winding rope I passes from the winding pulley, as indicated in Fig. 1, to the
two cages of the shafts, as shewn in Fig. 4, so that each cage is thus lifted
a'ternately as the engine is reversed. The concave grooved frictional surface
break piece fitted up to operate upon the periphery of the wheel F, is
centred upon a bracket stud K, and when brought into action manually it is
done by the vertical lever L, which turns a bottom eccentric, to raise the free
end of the brake piece, and thus bring it into contact with the wheel. A lever
Mis also fitted up on the fixed stud centre N, for operating automatically
upon the brake movement. The free end of this lever carries a pulley, O,
round and beneath which is passed a rope P, one end of which is led over
on overhead pulley Q. and thence down to a weight R capable of traversing.
in vertical guides S. The other end of this rope passes away over the guide
pulley T, and it thence passes off in two divisions, as represented in Figure
4, to the vertically traversing stop pieces U, set up on the guides in the
path of the cages. The result of this arrangement is, that in case of risk of
over-winding, the cages come in contact with the stops U, and the upward
traverse of one or other of these causes the lever M to be drawn upwards,
so as to bring the break piece J into contact with the wheel F, and thus
stop the winding action. At the same time the vertical link V, attached to
the lever M at the bottom, and to the lever W at the top, closes the stop
valve X of the engine's steam pipe. In the arrangement, Figures 5 and 6, A
is the winding pulley or rope barrel, the shaft of which carries at one end a
grooved frictional surface pulley or wheel B, actuated by means of the duplex
oscillating pulley arrangement C, on the principle already described herein.

page_text: This duplex reversing arrangement is actuated bythe lever D, the opposite end
of which is jointed to the brake lever E,fitted to bear against the wheel B. The
winding rope F passes up from the winding barrel, round the fixed pulley G,
and thence over the overhead pulley H, and down to the weight to be raised.
The double rope arrangements I are each connected with the free end of the
lever D, so that the attendant can reverse and put on the brake at any point
of the lift simply by drawing one or other of the sides of these cords.
Figure 1, on Sheet 5 of my Drawings, represents my improved grooved
surface gearing, as applied under its simplest form, for lifting and moving
heavy bodies. In this particular example the power is transmitted through
the shaft A, carrying one of my grooved frictional pulleys B, which gears
with a corresponding grooved pulley C on the shaft of the winding barrel
D. In this application of my frictional gearing the engaging and disengag-
ing of the parts may be carried out in any convenient manner, as already
referred to, with special reference to my frictional gearing apparatus.
Figures 2 and 3 are side elevation and edge view of a grooved frictional
brake arrangement, wherein the grooved frictional wheel A. has fitted to it on
the fixed centre B a concave grooved frictional break piece C, actuated by the
lever D. This arrangement supplies a means of braking, with very great
retarding power, inasinuch as the wedged action of the grooved surfaces
materiallyadds to the frictional hold ofthe stationaryupon the moving surface.
Figures 4 and 5 represent a side view and sectional plan of a modified
form of my grooved frictional surface brake. Here the grooved brake wheel
A is encircled by a correspondingly grooved frictional brake strap B, worked
in the usual manner by the lever C.
Figures 6 and 7 are a side view and sectional elevation of a flat-dish brake
of my improved kind. In this arrangement the brake wheel A has a broad
grooved frictional rim, the angular grooves being on each side. This rim is
embraced by a correspondingly grooved clipping brake piece B, actuated by
the lever C. The two pieces B are hinged together at D, and they have
a nipping screw passed transversely through them, on which screw is the
lever C. This brake is very powerful, whilst it operates without subjecting
the wheel centre to any lateral pressure.
Figures 8 and 9 are side end edge views of another arrangement of brake,
wherein the brake wheel A is centred in a lever B, set on a fixed stud C,
and capable of being set up or down by the eccentric D, worked by a hand
lever. At E is a stationary concave-grooved frictional surface brake, and
beneath the wheel is a grooved pulley F. This contrivance, a brake and dis-
engaging arrangement in one, so long as the wheel A is allowed to rest upon

page_text: the periphery of the pulley F, which is supposed to be the continuously
revolving driver, motion is, of course, continuouly communicated to it; but
when the eccentric D is turned to raise the wheel A out of gear with the
pinion beneath, the wheel comes in contact with the fixed brake above.
Figures 10 and 11 are side and edge views of a brake, with an external and
internal grooved frictional wheel or brake surface A, B, and between these
surfaces there is interposed a brake piece C, grooved at each end; the one
having a concave face to it the convexity of the surface A, and the other
a convex face to fit the interior of the face B. The brake is worked by the
lever D, and it operates, as in the instance of Figure 6, without imposing any
lateral strain upon the wheel centre.
sup-
Figures 12 and 13 are respectively a side and sectional edge view of a
braking and disconnecting apparatus, wherein the grooved frictional A is
posed to be the driver, gearing with the grooved wheel B fast on the spindle
of the winding drum C. The wheel B has a broad rim grooved inside and out.
The fixed concave brake piece D is set so as that the wheel B comes in contact
with it when lifted up. There is also a moveable duplex brake piece E hung
by links from the lever F, and contrived to embrace the inner grooved surface
of the wheel's rim. In this instance, the depression of the lever handle brings
both the concave and convex brake surfaces into operation, so as to clip the
wheel rim on both sides, whilst the upward lift of the brake pieces E at the
same time cases the wheel B off its driving pinion. No strain is here thrown
upon the centres.
Figure 14 is a grooved frictional surface bevil wheel reversing action for.
a hoisting barrel A; the two coned or bevil wheels B, C, are fast on the.
barrel shaft, and the continuous driving wheel D is disposed between them,
so as to be capable of gearing with either of them, thus enabling the operator
to reverse the barrel's revolution at pleasure.
Figures 15 and 16 are respectively a sectional elevation and side view of an
external and internal grooved frictional wheel combination for actuating a
winding barrel A. The wheel B is formed with external and internal grooved
surfaces, between which is fitted a continuously revolving grooved pinion C.
This pinion has a lateral motion to enable it to be brought into frictional con-
tact with either the concave or convex surface of the wheel B, at pleasure,
This affords a quick reversing action, and by winding, when the larger
diameter of the wheel is in action, an unwinding action of double the speed
is attained by reversing, to bring the smaller diameter of the wheel into
working play.
Figures 17 and 18 are respectively an edge and face view of a grooved fric-

page_text: tional surface reversing and disengaging action, which also affords a change of
rate. The shaft A here is the continuous revolver, its end being supported in
one of the bearings of the oscillating bracket B; the other arm of this bracket
has in it a loosely revolving shaft carrying a central and two external grooved
frictional wheels C, D. Thesbaft A also carries similar but smaller wheels E, F..
This series of wheels work in gearing contact, as represented in the side view,
Figure 18 and either of the central wheels is capable of being brought into
contact with the wheel G on the driven shaft. In this way, by raising or
lowering the lever H, either of the central wheels in the oscillating frame can
be brought into gearing contact with the wheel G; thus reversing its revolution
at pleasure, any desired relation can be secured between the rate of the for-
ward and back action, dependant upon the relative diameters of the wheels,
and the combination possesses the quality of a harder frictional hold, as the
resistance upon the driven wheel increases.
Figure 19 represents a movement for swinging round a derrick. Here A
is the fixed pillar of the lerrick, having the usual projection for supporting
the jib.
A worm wheel B is centred loosely upon the joint stud centre
pivot of the jib, and in gear with this wheel is a worm or screw spindle C,
capable of actuation by a suitable handle. The worm wheel is annularly
grooved upЛn its upper face to gear in the corresponding annular grooves
upon the under fall of the collar C, fast upon the pivot of the jib. The
collar and the worm wheel thus together form one of my annular grooved
frictional clutches, so that whilst the weight, upon the jib gives sufficient
frictional working contact, provision is secured in the clutch for the giving of
the parts in case of necessity.
Figure 20 is a similar view of another arrangement for swinging a derrick.
In this contrivance a grooved frictional wheel A is fast upon the stud centre
pivot of the jib, and in gear with it is a grooved pinion B, on a vertical
shaft carried by the main post. This arrangement, whilst there is sufficient
frictional action to turn the derrick through the agency of the pinion B,
yet when any sudden inordinate strain comes laterally upon the derrick, the
surfaces slip and thus prevent breakage.
Figure 1, Sheet 6 of my Drawings, is an end elevation of a steam winch,
looking upon the grooved frictional wheel and brake apparatus, arranged
according to one modification of my improvements; Figure 2 is an elevation
of the opposite end to Figure 1; Figure 3 is a front sectional view of the
stop valve chest, showing the starting and stopping lever in its three several
positions Figure 4 is an elevation or back view of the steam winch;
Figure is a plan of the starting and stopping gear, and stop valve and

page_text: slide valve chests, showing also the different positions of the lever for
regulating the opening of the stop valve; Figure 6 is a partial side
elevation of a steam crane, arranged according to one modification of my
improvements; and Figure 7 is a back view of the crane, corresponding
to Figure 6, but with the stationary main pillar broken away. Referring
to Figures 1 to 5, on Sheet. 6, the mechanical details of the steam winch
are carried in the open triangular end standards A. The winch is driven
in this arrangement by a single steam cylinder B, the piston rod of which
is guided in the angularly arranged guides C, and is connected by the rod D
and crank pin E to the wheel F, which is keyed to the crank shaft G; at
the cylinder end of the winch the crank shaft is carried in a pedestal bearing,
forming a part of the end standard A, and at its other end is carried in a
bush H, in which works a second tubular eccentric bush H, which einbraces
the shaft and carries the pinion in gear with either the external or internal
rims of the reversing wheel J, being one modification of a frictional reversing
movement described in my Specification of a Patent granted me, dated Sixth
June, One thousand eight-hundred and fifty five. This wheel J is inade with
two rims or surfaces forming an annular or internal surface wheel J, and a
smaller external surface wheel K, both surfaces being grooved to correspond
with the grooved pinion ; the periphery or external surface Lof the brake
wheel is also grooved, and serves as the principal brake wheel of the winch.
The shaft M of the wheel J is carried in snugs cast on the angular edges of
the standards A; to this shaft is keyed the pinion N, which gives motion to
the spur wheel O, which is fast to the shaft of the winding barrel P. The
extremities of the winding barrel shaft are furnished with smaller winding
barrels Q, similar to those of a ship's winch, and useful for controlling or
checking a moving weight by means of a rope or chain. When the machine
is put in motion, the hoisting chain R is wound upon or unwound from the
barrel P, according to the direction in which the wheel J is moved.
The
steam is admitted to the engine by the pipe S, and the exhaust steam passes
away by the pipe T, the starting and stopping of the engine being effected by
the hand lever U. This lever is keyed to the horizontal shaft V, which also
carries the frictional brake arrangements, so that when the engine is started
or stopped the break is likewise actuated. To the end of the shaft V is fast
a socket lever W, which is bored out to receive the cylindrical piece of
metal X, the lower end of this rests upon layers of leather or other elastic
material. The bush X is bored out to receive the end of the rod Y, which
is jointed to a rod Z, the upper end of which rests in a cavity or recess in the
under side of the grooved brake a. When the steam valve is opened by

page_text: moving the lever U forward, the motion of the shaft V causes the rods Y, Z,
to bend outwards, and the brake a is lowered and released from the surface L.
Upon the steam being shut off, by putting the lever U in its central position,
the rods Y, Z, are brought to a vertical position, and the brake a is forced
against the surface L. When the lever U is placed in its backward position
the brake is connected for lowering,during which the brake may be controlled
by the hand lever b. This lever moves a short shaft fitted eccentrically in a
bush c; the motion of the lever brings the bush c in contact with the under
side of the brake a, so as to control the speed of the wheel J, and check or
stop the descent of the weight. The shaft V gives motion also to the lever,
which is connected by the rod e to the lower end of the weighted lever f
which is fast to the bush H. On pushing the lever U forwards to open the
steam valve the lower end of the lever fis pushed forward as shewn by the
red circle in Figure 1. which moves the bush El, so that the pinion is brought
into contact with the inner surface J. and the winch is driven at the slow
speed for lifting. When the handle is put in its backward position, the
reverse action takes place, the weighted lever falls over in the opposite
direction, and the pinion is put in gear with the smaller wheel K, the
winch being driven at a correspondingly increased speed. In the central
position of the lever U, when the steam is shut off, the pinion I is not in
gear with either of the surfaces J or K, and the weighted lever f is then
in a vertical position, as shown in Figure 1. To prevent the engine sticking
on turning the crank centre, a small conical valve g is opened by means
of the handle h, when the steam valve is shut; this valve admits a small
jet of steam, so that the engine works with a very slow motion during the
time the brake is applied, but ready for starting instantly when required.
There is also an arrangement for opening the port of the stop valve i to a
very small extent when so required. To the back of the stop valve is
attached a rod j, the other extremity of which is fast to the slotted lever k,
which has its fulcrum upon the upper end of the stud l. To the lever U is
bolted the bell-crank lever m, the longer arm of which forms a band lever,
while the shorter arm traverses to and fro in the slot of the lever k; by moving
the hand lever m more or less to the right or left of the lever U, as shewn in
the plan, Figure 5, the opening of the port of the stop valve can be accurately
regulated. This arrangement of the steam winch can also be modified to be
actuated by a double-cylinder engine in lieu of the single cylinder engine
described herein, and any modification of the frictional reversing movements
shewn in my Drawings may be used therewith.
In my improved modification of steam cranes, as shewn in Sheet 6 of my

page_text: Drawings, the whole of the working parts of the engine are attached to the
main pillar A,on which is cast projecting feathers B, to which the cheek plates
Care bolted, which carry the shaft D of the winding barrel E. To the front
part of the feathers B are bolted a pair of over-hanging brackets F, in which
the bearings of the crank shaft G are fitted. Through the centre of the pillar
A is a tubular opening in which an elongated bush H rotates partially, and
which carries the frictional surface wheel I. Passing through the bush H,
but disposed eccentrically to it, is the shaft J of the pinion K, and frictional
surface wheel I. The pinion K gives motion to the spur wheel L on the
shaft D of the winding barrel. The frictional surface wheel I is similar
to the corresponding wheel in the steam winch described herein, and it is
driven by a frictional surface pinion M on the crank shaft G. In this
arrangement the wheel I is put into or out of gear with the pinion M
by the eccentric motion of the bush H in contradistinction to the pinion
being moved as before described in reference to the steam winch. The
mechanical arrangements for effecting the movements of the crane, as well
as the details of the engine, are very similar to those described herein,
and need not be recapitulated. An important feature in this modification
is that the steam cylinder or cylinders are attached to a fixed pillar, affording
great facility for connecting the steam pipes without the intervention of
swivelling joints or other expensive and troublesome details, which are
required in steam cranes where the pillar and cylinders swing round with
the derrick.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be us or carried
into effect, I may observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to
describe or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without
deviating from the principles or main features of iny Invention; but what I
consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured
to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
First, the general arrangement and construction of machinery, apparatus,
or means for lifting, lowering, transporting, and regulating the motion of
heavy bodies, as herein-before described.
Second, the system or mode of moving weights or heavy bodies to and fro
by means of derricks, or apparatus in which the load moves in a horizontal
or nearly horizontal plane, by means of a lever carried by the main pillar or
support, and actuated and guided by rods or chains, as herein-before described
with reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 on Sheet 1 of my Drawings.

page_text: Third, the system or mode of arranging and constructing machinery or
apparatus for lifting, lowering, or moving weights, in which the hoisting chain
or rope is in a vertical or nearly vertical line, coincident with the pivots or
axes of the machinery or apparatus, as herein-before described, such pivots or
axes being external to or apart from the axis of the main pillar or support.
Fourth, the arrangement and application of the improved hoisting
machinery or apparatus when used in conjunction with steam or hydrostatic
power as prime movers.
Fifth, the system or mode of arranging and constructing the improved
derricks with diverged back stays, as herein-before described.
Sixth, the system or mode of arranging and constructing wall derricks; also
the mode of turning them upon their pivots or axes from the inside of the
building, as herein-before described.
Seventh, the system or mode of arranging and constructing derricks
without a central post or pillar, or continuous support, as herein-before
described.
Eighth, the system or mode of arranging and constructing derricks, in
which the winch or hoisting gear is affixed to the stationary or immoveable
derrick posts as herein-before described.
Ninth, the system or mode of arranging and constructing derricks or
lifting apparatus, in which the head of the jib is so connected by means of
chains with the foot thereof, that the outward traverse of the head shall
cause the foot of the jib to be elevated, as herein-before described.
Tenth, the arrangement and construction of a traversing or foundry crane
or derrick, as herein-before described.
Eleventh, the arrangement and construction of the improved derrick,
adapted for and applied to the ordinary columns or posts of buildings, and
used in conjunction with hydrostatic power, as herein-before described.
Twelfth, the system or mode of arranging, constructing, and applying
overhead derricks attached to or connected with pendant supports, as herein-
before described.
Thirteenth, the system or mode of adjusting, setting, or throwing the foot
of the jib or the head of the derrick or crane post out of the perpendicular
line, so as to cause the jib to swing the load round in the required direction,
as herein-before described.
Fourteenth, the system or mode of controlling, checking, or stopping the
ascent and descent of cages or weights in the shafts of mines, as herein-
before described.
Fifteenth, the use and application of mechanism or apparatus for pre-

page_text: venting the overwinding of the ropes used in mining for raising the cages,
and the arrangement for shutting off the steam from the engine upon the
cages reaching the mouth of the shaft.
Sixteenth, the system or mode of controlling, checking, or stopping the
motion of machinery or apparatus for lifting, moving, and lowering weights
or heavy bodies by means of combined or opposed concave and convex
grooved frictional surface, as herein-before described.
Seventeenth, the use and application of concave and convexly grooved
frictional surfaces or breaks for controlling the action of hoisting or
lowering machinery, and the several modifications showing their practical
application, given in Sheet 4 of my Drawings of this present Invention.
Eighteenth, the system or mode of obtaining a frictional, retarding, or
brake action by means of discs or wheels, with annularly groved frictional
surfaces thereon, such surfaces having correspondingly grooved break pieces
set one on each side, for obtaining a clipping brake action.
Nineteenth, the system or mode of swinging the jibs of derricks, or
other parts of hoisting machinery, round upon their axes by means of
grooved frictional surfaces, or by a worm and worm wheel, as herein-before
described, and shown in Sheet 4 of my Drawings appended hereunto.
Twentieth, the system or mode of actuating or driving the winding barrels
of steam winches, cranes, or hoisting machines by means of grooved frictional
gearing, as herein-before described, whether at differential speeds or not.
Twenty-first, the system or mode of actuating the frictional brakes of
steam winches or crankes, by the simple action of the starting and stopping
lever, as herein-before described.
Twenty-second, the system or mode of arranging and constructing steam
cranes, in which the engine and hoisting gear are affixed to the stationary
or immoveable crane post, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Robertson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Tenth day of December, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-seven.
JAMES ROBERTSON. (L.S.)