An Improved Churn, useful also for Heating, Cooling, and Mixing Liquids.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Jan., 1892
Complete Specification Left. 26th Jan., 1892-Accepted, 27th Feb., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Churn, useful also for Heating, Cooling, and Mixing
Liquids.
I, JOHN SEN THOMSON of Phoenix Chambers, Market Street, Melbourne, in
the Colony of Victoria, Commission Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
:-
This invention has been designed mainly for use as a churn of the type that
agitates as well as aerates, but I find that it is useful also for "Pasteurising" milk,
that is heating it to a temperature of about 150 degrees and then quickly cooling
it, milk so treated becomes more wholesome and will keep for a longer period than
ordinary milk. Again this machine may be used for cooling liquids such as beer or
spirits. The machine or churn is constructed as follows:-An enclosed vertical
cylindrical vessel is furnished with a central tubular vertical spindle working on a
bottom pivot within the vessel such spindle having a tubular perforated arm
projecting from each side and just clearing bottom and side of vessel. The top
end of tubular spindle above crown of vessel is supported in a bearing in a suitable
bracket the spindle having a bevel pinion on it that gears with a wheel on a
horizontal spindle also supported in bearings in said bracket and such spindle also
carries an eccentric or a crank for imparting motion to a pump that supplies the air
to a branch piece leading to said tubular spindle and from thence out through the
perforations in its arms or such pump may be used for supplying water or liquids
to the machine in a similar manner. Upon crown of vessel and preferably around
central spindle is a branch piece to allow the escape of air from churn or when so
desired such branch is connected with an ejector or exhauster to produce a vacuum
or partial vacuum above the cream in churn and so allow air to pass at atmospheric
pressure through the other branch leading to tubular spindle and perforated arms,
although I prefer to force the air in with a pump as before described. The air
supplied to machine can be heated in any ordinary manner such as by passing it
through a coil within a water vessel heated by steam or it may be cooled by
reducing the temperature of the water by chemicals or otherwise and so cooling the
air passing through coil to the machine. The driving spindle of the machine may
be driven either by hand or motive power.
Dated this 11th day of January 1892.
J. S. THOMSON,
By L. W., per F. B.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Ohurn, useful also for Heating, Cooling, and Mixing
Liquids.
I, JOHN SEN THOMSON of Phoenix Chambers, Market Street, Melbourne, in
the Colony of Victoria, Commission Agent do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has been designed mainly for use as a churn of the type that
agitates as well as aerates, but it is useful also for "Pasteurising" milk, that is
heating the milk within the apparatus to a temperature of about 150 degrees and
then quickly cooling it therein; milk so treated becomes more wholesome and will
keep for a longer period than ordinary milk. The machine may also be used as a
machine wherein liquids such as beer or spirits are cooled. The churn or machine
[D037

page_text: is constructed as follows:-An enclosed vertical cylindrical vessel is furnished with
a central tubular vertical spindle that has an arm projecting from each side in a
diametrical line, the lower surface of each arm being perforated while an upward
extension at the end of the perforated arms act as a dasher and just clears the side
of vessel. The top end of the tubular spindle above the crown of the vessel is
supported in a bearing in a suitable bracket the spindle having a bevel pinion on it
that gears with a wheel on a horizontal spindle also supported in bearings in said
bracket and such spindle also carrying an eccentric or a crank for imparting motion
to a pump that supplies the air or the liquids to said tubular spindle whence it
passes through the perforations in its arms, to within the vessel. Upon the crown
of the vessel and preferably around the central spindle is a branch piece to allow
the escape of air from the churn or when so desired such branch is connected with
an ejector or exhauster to produce a vacuum or partial vacuum above the cream in
the churn and so allow air to pass at atmospheric pressure through the tubular
spindle and perforated arms. When a vacuum is produced above the cream it is
not necessary to force the air in with a pump as before described. The air supplied
to the machine can be heated in any ordinary manner such as by passing it through
a coil within a water vessel heated by steam or the air may be cooled by reducing
the temperature of the water in such vessel by ice or chemicals or it can be other-
wise reduced in temperature. A thermometer is arranged in the supply pipes
leading to the machine to indicate the temperature of the air and water passing to
it. The driving spindle of the machine may be operated either by hand or by
motive power.
In order that my invention may be well understood I will describe it with
reference to the accompanying sheet of drawings wherein
Fig. is a sectional elevation of a machine fitted up as a churn and
Fig. 2 a plan looking down from line a a Fig. 1.
A is an enclosed vessel shewn as constructed of metal although it may be made
of wood or other suitable material or materials. A¹ is a cleaning out door, A' a
glass sight window and A³ a supply hole or door in the top of the vessel; A' is a
draw off tap. B is the central tubular spindle having arms B' projecting from it
at its lower end and each such arm having an upward extension that just clears the
inside of the vessel. B2 is a pivot pin for the bottom end of the spindle the top end of
which works in a stuffing box B' formed in a branch piece B' at the centre of the
tubular frame C. C' is a branch piece upon the crown of the vessel A. around the
spindle B. C is a bevel pinion upon the spindle B and C a wheel gearing with
said pinion and keyed upon a shaft C* supported in bearings carried by the frame C.
C' are driving pulleys and Co a handle, all being on the shaft C. D is a pump
worked by an eccentric D¹ upon the shaft C and D and D³ are spherical check
and retention valves in connection with the pump. D and D' are cocks for
admitting either air or liquids to the pump.
It will be obvious that when "churning" with my apparatus if air and water
can be obtained at the desired pressure no pump will be required upon the machine;
also I wish it understood that when supplying air through the perforated arms
under the cream in churning the branch piece C¹ is used as an outlet for the air
that rises through the cream whilst when an exhauster is applied to the branch
piece C¹ the end of the tubular spindle is open to the atmosphere.
In churning with the apparatus illustrated, with the branch piece C¹ open to the
atmosphere, then after the necessary quantity of cream has been placed in the
vessel and upon motion being imparted to the gearing the tubular spindle B will
rotate and the pump will draw in air through the open cock D, the cock D' mean-
while being closed; then as the perforated arms B₁ rotate the air finds ingress to
aerate the cream whilst it is also being agitated or dashed about by said arms until
such time as the butter " comes or forms into globules when the air cock D is
closed and the water cock D' opened to supply water to wash off the butter milk
and which latter flows away through tap A the butter being afterwards removed
from within the vessel.
"

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In combination with a vertical cylindrical churning vessel a central tubular
spindle having tubular and perforated arms the outermost parts of which stand
parallel with the side of the vessel substantially as herein described and as illustrated
in my drawings.
2. The combination of the churning vessel having tubular spindle and tubular
perforated arms in it with the bevel gear for imparting motion to said tubular
spindle and with a pump connected with the top end of the tubular spindle as and
for the purposes described and as illustrated in my drawings.
3. The general combination and arrangement of parts as herein described and as
illustrated in my drawings constituting a machine that may be used either as a
churn or as a machine wherein milk or liquids may be heated, cooled and mixed as
and for the purposes described.
Dated this 26th day of January 1892.
J. S. THOMSON,
By L. W., per F. B.