A New and Useful Improvement in the Art of Printing, Litho- graphing, and the like.
Year: 1890

page_text: Complete optomationen, from July, 1990-Accepted, 17th Oct., 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A New and Useful Improvement in the Art of Printing, Litho-
graphing, and the like.
I, OLIVER GUSTAVUS HOLT, a Citizen of the United States, residing at Louisville,
in the County of Jefferson and State of Kentucky, do hereby declare the nature of my
said invention for "A NEW AND USEFUL IMPROVEMENT IN THE ART of PRINTING,
LITHOGRAPHING AND THE LIKE," and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to such inks as are employed in type and plate printing, the
ink being applied to the impression-surface. The ordinary printing-inks are manu-
factured from linseed-oil boiled down to the proper consistency, to which are added
various gums, and sometimes alkalies, after which pigments are ground in to give the
desired color, the compound forming a homogeneous mass.
My invention consists in printing, lithographing, &c., by means of a product
technically termed "residuum," obtained from the distillation, or in some cases the
distillation and filtration, of crude petroleum, being an unctuous deposit having a
specific gravity varying from 15° to 20° Baumé, wholly free from grit and foreign
substances. The residuum best suited to this purpose that obtained from the crude
petroleum of California, Ohio, and Kentucky, particularly the oils of the two former
States; but I do not limit myself to the use of residuum from those oils.
A chemical analysis, however of the oils specially referred to reveals the fact that
they contain sulphides held in solution which are not contained in some other (notably
Pennsylvania) oils. To this fact may be attributed the special adaptability of the
residuum from these oils to the use of a printing-ink. The viscid or adhesive
property required in an oil for printing-ink may be imparted to the residuum by the
addition of resin or resinous gums by fusion. The quantity of resin employed should
vary according to the consistency of the residuum to which it is added.
1.
Ordinarily for " news ink the proportion should be about twenty-five per cent.
resin for book" or "job" ink, about forty per cent. For lithographing the pro-
portions should be about equal. Pigments are employed, and ground into the
compound above described in the usual manner and in about the quantity usually
employed in commercial printing-inks. If desired, the oil may be filtered before the
process of distillation, or the residuum may he filtered, this process causing no essential
change, except to eliminate a portion of the coloring-matter. Every desired color can
be produced, the residuum assimilating pigments readily.
An ink of a beautiful olive color is produced by simply combining the resin with
the residuum without filtration and without the addition of any pigment.
Extended experiments have demonstrated the fact that inks thus manufactured dry
almost instantaneously when applied to paper, and are unfading when exposed to light
or heat, and are almost indelible.
The porous texture of paper absorbs the small percentage of light oil contained in
the residuun, carrying with it a little of the coloring-matter, leaving the more solid
residue on the surface of the paper, which becomes quickly dry.
As is well known, residuum is produced in great quantities in this (the United

page_text: States) and other countries, and is sold at a very low price. Inks thus made
would be cheaper than any other commercial ink, and in many respects superior
in quality. These inks are adapted to the entire range of impression-work, including
printing, lithographing, engraved work, &c., the only difference in preparation
being in consistency rather than in ingredients, as in the case of ordinary commercial
inks.
Having described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters
Patent, is :
1. The herein-described improvement in the art of printing, lithographing, and
general impression-work, which consists in printing, lithographing &c., by means of
an ink of which residuum, substantially as specified-a product of petroleum-is the
essential constituent.
2. The herein-described improvement in the art of printing, lithographing, and
general impression-work, which consists in printing, lithographing, &c., by means of
an ink composed of residuum, substantially as specified-a product of petroleum-and
resin or resinous gums.
..
3. The herein-described improvement in the art of printing, lithographing, and
general impression-work, which consists in printing, lithographing, &c., by means of
an ink 'composed of residuum, substantially as specified-a product of petroleum-
resin or resinous 'gums, and 'a pigment or pigments.
Dated the 16th day of July 1890
NEWNHAM BROWNE,
Agent for the Applicant.