In- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STUDS, BUTTONS, SLEEVE-LINKS, BROOCHES, BRACELETS, EAR-RINGS, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE ARTICLES OR FASTENINGS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Laurentinus Andreas Waldemar
Lund at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 26th May 1864.
I, LAURENTINUS ANDREAS WALDEMAR LUND, of Clerkenwell, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STUDS, BUTTONS, SLEEVE-LINKS, BROOCHES,
BRACELETS, EAR-RINGS, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE ARTICLES OR FASTENINGS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the manufacture of studs.
buttons, sleeve-links, brooches, bracelets, ear-rings, and other similar articles
or fastenings, which may be composed of ivory and gold, or silver and enamel,
or precious stones, or of bone or other hard wood or nut, tortoiseshell, or
vegetable ivory, and gold or silver. Among such articles may be mentioned
rings for table napkins, shawl pins with large heads, handles of paper knives,
rings or clasps for neckties, ribbons, or sashes, finger rings, necktie pins, lockets
for likenesses, and ladies' ornamental crosses. So also the Invention may be
applied to the formation and ornamenting scrolls, leaves, and flowers of ivory,
or one of the other materials above mentioned, with gold or silver, enamel or
stones, for the purpose of attachment to porcelain, glass, or other object; also
to ornamental basketwork, and to the covering of toilet bottles with bands or
network of ivory, or ivory and gold or silver.
Now, in the manufacture of such fastenings as studs, sleeve-links, and
buttons of ivory or other substance, I propose to apply a surface or thin

page_text: plating of gold or silver to the exposed portion of the article as follows:-
The surface of the ivory to be covered is formed of the desired shape or out-
line, either hemispherical or oval, or otherwise; and the plate of gold or silver
is made to fit accurately over or upon such shape; but in order to attach the
gold or silver to the article, I fasten a rivet to the interior or concave surface
of the metal by means of solder, and pass the rivet through the stem and back
of the stud; after which I enlarge the rivet by tapping it so as to form a burr
or enlargement, and thus secure the rivet from becoming loose. Or the rivet
may have a screw-thread cut on its extremity so as to screw it into the back
of the stud. In making buttons or sleeve-links, the rivet must be double and
soldered at both ends, and sufficiently long that its end may be bent into a
ring or eye for attachment to a garment or to the link chain of the sleeve-link.
In ornamenting ear-rings, I form a plate of gold or silver of the proper shape
to cover half the ear-ring, that is to say to cover it on or down one side the
exterior or more exposed side by preference, then by soldering and rivetting,
the plate will be secured as before.
:
It will be observed, that I almost dispense with the use of wax, shellac, or
other soft or adhesive materials, except in the cavity for the solder, and slightly
over the surface of the article, and apply the gold or silver plate very closely
upon the hard unyielding surface of the article, so that I am enabled to press
upon the gold with a graver and chase a pattern thereon, without indenting
the metal. Ivory or other paper knives and rings and clasps of all kinds,
whether for table napkins or for finger rings, or for securing neckties, may be
similarly ornamented. Lockets may be composed of ivory or other material
mentioned, and may be covered with gold or silver surfaces or plates in the
same manner. Enamel and precious stones may be applied to the articles by
means of rivets, either in conjunction with or separately from the gold or
silver.
In manufacturing certain objects of ivory, tortoiseshell, bone, such as
baskets and the coverings for toilet bottles, as well as the rings and clasps, it
is necessary to bend and retain the ivory or other substance in the proper
circular or curved position. The ivory differs very much in its nature, and
requires to be treated with different acids to enable it to be bent; thus green
ivory is more difficult to treat than white or soft ivory. I first immerse the
ivory in acid, such as acetic acid, white wine vinegar, pyroligneous acid, or
dilute bydrochloric acid, or any other acid which will act upon or dissolve or
soften the earthy constituents of animal ivory or bone; after it has been suffi-
ciently long acted upon as to dissolve or soften some portion of the lime and
other earthy matter, without destroying the grain of the ivory, it will be

page_text: found that the ivory may be bent to the desired form. I then place it in hot
water, the ivory being first tied in position in order to set it; I then place the
ivory in cold water, and ultimately dry it in hot sawdust. In this manner
bracelets of ivory may be made and ornamented with gold, silver, or stones, or
enamel. They may be placed on the wrist by forcing them more open and
then allowing them to spring back to their proper size in the same way as the
spring metal bracelets. Tortoiseshell only requires to be subjected to hot
water.