A New or Improved Road Scarifier or Machine for Breaking Up Roads or other Hard Surfaces.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Aug., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 8th June, 1894-Accepted, 4th Aug., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Road Scarifier or Machine for Breaking Up
Roads or other Hard Surfaces.
We, RAYMOND BOMFORD, of Bevington Hall, Salford Priors, in the County of
Warwick, Farmer, and BENJAMIN BOMFORD, of Harvington Lodge, Harvington,
in the County of Worcester, Farmer, and HENRY EVERSHED, of Salford Priors,
aforesaid, Farm Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
Our invention consists of a road scarifier or machine for breaking up roads or
other hard surfaces the parts of the said scarifier or machine being constructed and
combined and used substantially in the manner hereinafter described.
Our new or improved road scarifier is principally useful for breaking up roads
preparatory to laying down stones or macadam for repairing the said roads but
the said scarifier may also be used for breaking up other hard surfaces.
Our new or improved road scarifier or machine consists essentially of a heavy
block of iron made in one or more pieces carrying at opposite sides a set of say, four
tynes or cutters, chisel pointed for operating on the road to be scarified or
broken up.
The two sets of tynes are inclined in opposite directions, one set of the tynes
being used for operating on the road when the scarifier is travelling in one direction
and the other set of tynes being used for operating on the road when the scarifier
is travelling in the opposite direction. The block carrying the two sets of tynes
is mounted upon axle of the travelling wheels of the machine and upon the said
axle the said block can swivel and turn so that one set of tynes can be raised from
the road out of action and the other set of tynes lowered into action for operating
on the road. Mounted upon the upper part of the swivelling tyne block is a
horizontal frame extending considerably beyond the parts of the block carrying
the tynes. To one or other end of this frame the traction engine or other motive
power engine is connected for drawing or dragging the scarifier along the road in
either direction. The tynes are capable of adjustment vertically in the swivelling
block so that their acting ends can be made to project the required distance from
the bottom of the block for operating at the desired depth upon the road, or of
being raised above the surface of the road in order that the travelling wheels of
the machine may rest upon the road for the travelling of the said machine when
the tynes are out of action. The oscillating tyne block is turned upon the axle
through the required angle so as to raise one set of tynes and depress the other set,
by means of a chain connected to opposite ends of the block and passing over
pulleys on the frame and being engaged with stops at the top of the block for fixing
the position of the said block. When either set of tynes is in its acting or lowered
position the whole weight of the machine is borne by the tynes and their action in
breaking up the road is made very efficient, the wheels when the block is in this
position being raised from the road. A tank for containing water may be
combined with the tyne block for supplying water to the said tynes for keeping
them cool.
In order to bring the scarifier into action the sets of tynes on the block are
adjusted and the block is turned on its axle so as to lower into action that set of
tynes which is to operate on the road. After the machine has been drawn along
and broken up the road in one direction, the position of the tyne block is reversed

page_text: so as to bring the other set of tynes into action and raise out of action the first
named set and the machine is drawn in the opposite direction along the road.
The machine when the tynes are fixed out of action travels upon the wheels as
before described.
Dated the 9th day of August 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Road Scarifler or Machine for Breaking Up
Roads or other Hard Surfaces.
We, RAYMOND BOMFORD, of Bevington, Evesham, in the County of Worcester,
Farmer, and BENJAMIN BOMFORD of Harrington, Evesham, in the County of
Worcester, Farmer, and HENRY EVERSHED, Iron Cross, Evesbam, in the County
of Worcester, Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
Our machine consists of a road scarifier or machine for breaking up roads or
other hard surfaces the parts of the said scarifier or machine being constructed and
combined and used substantially in the manner herein described.
Our new or improved road scarifier is principally useful for breaking up roads, in
most cases preparatory to laying down stones or macadam for repairing the said
roads; but the said scarifier may also be used for breaking up other hard
surfaces.
Our new or improved road scarifier or machine consists essentially of a heavy
block of iron made in one or more pieces carrying at opposite sides a set of, say,
four tynes or cutters, chisel pointed, for operating on the road to be scarified or
broken up.
The two sets of tynes are inclined in opposite directions, one set of the tynes
being used for operating on the road when the scarifier is travelling in one
direction, and the other set of tynes being used for operating on the road when the
scarifier is travelling in the opposite direction. The block carrying the two sets
of tynes is mounted upon an axle-which in some cases is that of the travelling
wheels of the machine,-and mounted upon the said axle, the said block can swivel
and turn so that one set of tynes can be raised from the road out of action and the
other set of tynes lowered into action for operating on the road. Mounted upon
the upper part of the swivelling tyne block is a horizontal frame extending
considerably beyond the parts of the block carrying the tynes. To one or other
end of this frame, the traction engine, road-roller, or other motive power engine is
connected for drawing or moving the scarifier along the road in either direction.
The tynes are capable of adjustment vertically in the swivelling block so that their
acting ends can be made to project the required distance from the bottom of the
block for operating at the desired depth upon the road, or of being raised above the
surface of the road in order that the travelling wheels of the machine may rest
upon the road for the travelling of the said machine when the tynes are out of
action. When either set of tynes is in its acting or lowered position, the whole
weight of the machine is borne by the tynes and their action in breaking up the
road is made very effectual.
A tank for containing water may be combined with the tyne block for supplying
water to the said tynes for keeping them cool. In order to bring the scarifier into
action, the sets of tynes on the block are adjusted and the block is turned on its
axle so as to lower into action that set of tynes which is to operate on the road.

page_text: After the machine has been drawn along and broken up the road in one direction,
the position of the tyne block is reversed so as to bring the other set of tynes into
action and raise out of action the first named set, and the machine is drawn in the
opposite direction along the road.
The machine, when the tynes are fixed out of action, travels upon the wheels as
before described.
In the drawings hereto annexed, is illustrated an example of apparatus provided
with improvements, according to this invention.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation, Figure 2 is a plan, and Figure 3 a transverse
end section of the machine.
Figure 4 is a detail in sectional plan of the tools and means for adjusting same.
Figures 5 and 6 shew a modification of the invention.
Referring to the drawings,-
-more particularly to Figures 1 to 4-a is the block,
consisting of a heavy casting mounted upon the shaft b, in which the tools are
carried. care the travelling wheels mounted in the same vertical plane as the
shaft b. d is the horizontal frame, supported mainly by the journals c¹ of the
wheels c, on the shaft b, and also by fore and aft wheels e.
These wheels e are of
the swivelling type, in the apparatus shewn in the drawings, having their supporting
spindles el carried by the block on the connecting bars d' at and of the ends of
the frame, they being adapted to be adjusted laterally on said shafts by a key or
feather d² fitting in a corresponding way in the block e.
The tools are designated h, and are adjustable in and carried by the casting or
block a at either end thereof, and are disposed as shewn in an angular position.
The means of adjustment consists of screws i held by and working in blocks j; and
the blocks k, which are used and disposed between the tools h, and adjusted and
pressed against same by the screw stud k¹. The blocks j are held in position on the
end of the casting b by pins and cotters j¹ j. The tools are preferably of
triangular section as shewn, and fit within apertures in the casting a, as shewn;
whilst the pressing surfaces of the blocks k are made of corresponding form to the
sides of the tool. To adjust the tools up to the work, say after they have been
the screw studs k¹ are slackened, and the studs i screwed through the block j
pressing the tools thereby downwards. When the right position of the tools has
been obtained, the screw studs k¹ are screwed up, thereby pressing the blocks k up
against the tools h, and jambing them in position and preventing them from being
moved, they being prevented from being pressed upwards by the screws i.
worn,
The block a is oscillated in one direction or the other, according to which set of
tools it is required to use, by the tooth wheel m mounted on the shaft n, carried
in the frame d, working in connection with toothed rack o on the casting a on the
shaft, n itself being operated, that is rotated, by a worm p carried by and worked
from the shaft pl-held by brackets p³-by the hand wheel p²; and a worm
wheel g fastened on the shaft n. Thus, by turning this wheel p² in one direction or
the other, the block a will be moved or oscillated upon its shaft b, and one or other
set of tools brought down into contact with the road or surface it is intended to
scarify or break up.
> is a vessel in the upper part of the frame d adapted to contain water, having
pipes from same with taps thereon, by which water can be supplied to the
points of the tools and keep them cool. In some cases, a part of this vessel may be
divided off to hold tools, &c. appertaining to the machine in work.
The machine is adapted to be propelled from either end by coupling it up with
the locomotive road roller direct; or, by an indirect method as a ploughing or
equivalent engines and wire rope, or other suitable power.
When the apparatus is adapted to be directly connected with and propelled by a
locomotive engine, it is coupled up thereto by the brackets on the road-roller or
engine, through which the shaft d'
passes.
"
In operation, assuming the apparatus is to be propelled in the direction O. P,
the casting a is oscillated so as to bring the then rear or trailing tools onto the

page_text: surface of the ground to be broken, and being inserted at the required depth, the
apparatus may be propelled or set in motion. Or, the insertion of the tools may be
effected after the apparatus has been started.
In the modification shewn in Figures 5 and 6, each tool is carried in a separate
block or piece a, all the blocks being mounted upon the shaft b. They are operated,
that is lowered onto and raised from the surface of the ground which they are to
break, by pitch or other suitable chains o working over sprocket wheels m, or on
shaft n, and said shaft n being operated as above described.
In half of the blocks or pieces a, i.e. those on the one side, the tools are arranged
on the "aft" side of the axis, whilst in the other blocks or pieces on the other side
of the machine, the tools are carried on the opposite, i.e. forward, side of the axis.
Thus, at one time, all the tools on the one side the axis will be up when the others
are down, according to the direction in which the machine is being propelled.
The machine is so arranged and constructed, as shewn by the drawings, that the
blocks or pieces a with their tools , are. capable of being moved or adjusted
transversely across the machine between the frames; this adjustment being effected
by making the pinion m, in the case of the apparatus shewn in Figures 1 to 3, or
the sprocket wheels m, in the case of the apparatus shewn in Figures 5 and 6, to
slide laterally on the said shaft n, which is rectangular as shewn. By this arrange-
ment, four cuts can be taken in the road, with the engine travelling in the same line
or track during each of and all the cuts. That is to say, one cut, the first say, is
taken by the engine travelling forwards, the second by its travelling backwards, the
third, forward again, and the last backwards.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention.
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The new or improved scarifier or machine for breaking up roads or other
analogous hard surfaces, adapted to break said surfaces when being propelled in
either direction, and comprising a block or casting (or a plurality of same), mounted
upon a transverse axis in a carriage or frame, supported on road wheels, and having
tools secured in the opposite ends of said casting or block (or plurality of same)
and means for oscillating same about said axis, arranged, constructed and adapted
to operate substantially as herein set forth, and as shewn in the drawings hereto
annexed.
2. In a machine for breaking up macadam roads or other analogous hard surfaces,
the combination of a block or casting (or a plurality of same) adapted to oscillate
about an axis or centre, and having tools at the opposite sides of said axis; a frame
or carriage in which said block or casting (or a plurality of same) is or are disposed
and work, and supported on road wheels, the points of the tools being adapted to
lie, when in operation, near the same vertical plane as that of the axis of said road
wheels and means connected with said frame by which the said block or casting
(or a plurality of same) containing the tools is or are oscillated and held; arranged
and operating substantially as herein set forth.
3. In a machine for breaking up macadam roads or other analogous hard surfaces,
a block or casting (or a plurality of same) mounted on and adapted to oscillate
about an axis or centre, and having tools fixed therein on the opposite sides of said
axis, and adapted to be adjusted therein, substantially as herein set forth.
4. In a machine for breaking up roads or other analogous hard surfaces of the
kind herein referred to, that is to say, a machine having a block or casting (or a
plurality of same) having tools at either end, and adapted to be mounted on and
oscillate upon a centre or axis, and mounted and working in a frame, the combination
of means for keeping said tools cool, consisting of a vessel r adapted to contain
water, and having tubes carried down therefrom to distribute said water into said
tools; substantially as set forth and as shewn in the drawings hereto annexed.
5. The apparatus for breaking up roads and other analogous hard surfaces,

page_text: having parts constructed, arranged, and adapted to operate particularly as set forth
and shewn in the drawings hereto annexed.
Dated this 7th day of June 1894.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON, Fels. Chart. Inst. P.A.,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicants' Patent Agents.