Improvements in or relating to Apparatus for Utilizing the Power of Waves.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Feb., 1898-Accepted, 26th Mar., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Apparatus for Utilizing the
Power of Waves.
I, BELLE RIDER, of 2, West 104th Street, in the City of New York, United
States of America, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:—
This invention relates to means for utilizing the power of the waves of the ocean
and other bodies of water. One of the objects of my invention is to provide power
collecting means capable of withstanding storms and unusually heavy seas and
therefore practically indestructible by the elements, and to this end I employ as the
power collecting devices floating structures flexibly connected with fixed bodies
beneath the surface of the water, as buoys moored to anchors, so that there are no
rigid or immovable parts above the surface or exposed to the action of the waves.
Another object of my invention is to provide for the effective utilization of the
motions of the wave particles in substantially all phases of their motion. The
individual particles composing the waves move in elliptical paths, and in deep water
the ellipses traversed by the particles are substantially circles. The power collecting
devices embodying my invention contain parts constructed to move relatively to each
other under the action of the waves in a substantially vertical direction, but are
provided with inclined surfaces so that the vertical rise and fall of the parts is
augmented by the pressures against these inclined surfaces of the wave particles due
to their motions in other than the vertical direction. Another object of my invention
is to provide for the transformation or utilization of the power at a station, which
may be on land, and to this end my invention contemplates the employment of a
fluid compressing device on a floating structure moored as above described, and a
flexible conduit from the fluid compressing device to the anchor or fixed body sub-
stantially parallel to the flexible connection and thence connected to the power station.
My invention also contemplates the employment of a number of floating structures
separately moored and provided with fluid compressing devices and flexible conduits
as above described, the several conduits being connected to a single power station,
and thus the power concentrated at the station may be collected over an extended
surface and great power may be developed limited only by the number of floating
structures employed. My invention also includes means for regulating the action of
the compressed fluid upon the engine or other power utilizing or transforming
device to be driven thereby, and includes various improvements in construction all of
which will now be particularly described with reference to the accompanying drawings
forming part hereof.
Figure 1 is a sectional perspective view showing a number of power collection
devices connected to a power station on land.
Figure 2 is a vertical sectional elevation of one of the power collecting devices
shown in Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a horizontal section of the same on line 3-3, Fig. 2.
Figure 4 is a longitudinal vertical section of a modified form of power collecting
device

page_text: Figure 5 is an end elevation of the same.
Figure 6 is a side elevation of another modified form of power collecting device.
Figure 7 is a horizontal section of the same on the line 7--7, Figure 6.
Figure 8 is a side elevation of another modified form of power collecting device
adapted for shallow water.
Figure 9 is an enlarged longitudinal vertical section of a portion of a secondary
reservoir and a pressure regulator at the power station.
The number of power collecting devices employed will depend upon the amount of
power required. Figure 1 shows a power station 1 constructed for the development
of considerable power and a number of power collecting devices 2 are shown. These
power collecting devices are separately moored or flexibly connected with fixed bodies,
as anchors beneath the surface of the water, and are moored or anchored at suitable
distances from each other so that each power collecting device is separately actuated
by the motion of the waves in its vicinity. Each power collecting device is connected
to the power station so that the power collected over an extended surface is conveyed
to and concentrated at the power station. I propose to employ pneumatic power
collecting and utilizing and transforming devices and such devices are shown. The
mooring and connections of one power collecting device are completely shown in
Figure 1, the power collecting device being connected by a flexible connection, shown
as a chain 3, with a fixed body, shown as a heavy plate or anchor 4, resting on the
.bottom and having projections or flukes to prevent shifting or sliding. The flexible
conduit or pipe 5 extends from the power collecting device to the fixed body or
anchor substantially parallel to the flexible connection, cable or chain 3, and may
have loops at intervals engaging such chain or cable if desired, as shown, or may be
otherwise held substantially parallel to the cable or chain so that the strain of the
float is sustained by the cable or chain in all positions of the float. The flexible
pipe 5 may be continued from the anchor to the shore by the part 6, as shown, or a
rigid conduit or pipe connected to it and extended to the shore. As shown the
separate pipes 6 for each power collecting device 2 run into a larger common conduit
or pipe 7 which is connected, by a pipe 9 entering the power station 1, to the
reservoirs or storage tanks 8 in the power station.
I will now describe the power collecting devices. Several modified constructions
embodying this part of the invention are shown in the drawings, each of which is a
floating structure made up primarily of two parts, a surface floating part constructed
to float on the surface of the water, and a part extending some distance below the
surface of the water. The latter part is moored to the anchor and includes a
sustaining buoyant part or pontoon and an air compressing cylinder.
In the construction shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, the sustaining buoyant part is a
watertight hollow pontoon 10 having a conical upper surface so as to present
a downwardly inclined surface to the waves and a lower surface slightly conical or
nearly flat. Pipes or tubes 11, 11, extend upward from the pontoon 10 to the air
compressing cylinder 12, and the right hand pipe 11 is utilized as a conduit to convey
compressed air from the cylinder 12, being extended over an opening into the top of
such cylinder and being continued by the part 13 downward below the pontoon 10
and having the flexible tube 5 secured to its lower end. An open top funnel shaped
part 14 is arranged immediately below the pontoon 10 and is suitably weighted at its
lower end, and rods 15, 15, extend downward from the funnel shaped part 14, over a
resistance table 16, and unite in an eye to which the anchor chain is secured. The
resistance table is provided with upwardly yielding portions shown as two medially
hinged leaves 17, 17, which move upwardly so as not to resist a downward movement
of this part of the floating structure but close on upward movement thereof and resist
such movement.
The surface floating part as shown in all figures of the drawing comprises a float, a
piston, and a rod connecting the float and piston. In the construction shown in
Figures 1, 2 and 3, the hollow float 18 has a conical lower surface so as to present an
upwardly inclined surface to the waves, and its upper surface is shown as conical,
although it may be otherwise shaped and is shown as flat in the modified constructions.

page_text: The piston rod 19 extends upward from the float 18 into the air compressing
cylinder 12, and a piston 20 is secured at the upper end of the piston rod 19, but
this piston may be as shown smaller than the bore of the cylinder, and a flexible
bellows like envelope 21 is secured at its lower end to this piston 20 and is secured at
its upper end to the top of the cylinder, so as to be air tight. An induction valve 22
is located at the top of the cylinder and an eduction valve 45 is in the conduit 11.
This device is substantially a bellows enclosed within a cylinder for protection, and does
not require any tight fitting sliding parts as would be necessary with an ordinary
cylinder and piston for compressing air.
In the modified construction shown in Figures 4 and 5 the buoyant or sustaining
portions of the part extending below the surface of the water are shown in the form
of two horizontally arranged pontoons 23, 23, of cylindrical form, and rods extending
downwardly from these cylinders 23, to a resistance table 24 which will be submerged
a considerable distance below the surface of the water so as to be in a stratum of
water unaffected or but slightly affected by the motion of the waves. The air
compressing cylinder 12 is sustained above the space between the. buoyant
cylinders 23 and may be of the same construction as the corresponding air compressing
cylinder shown in Figures 1 and 2, and the air compressed therein is conveyed
through the pipe 26 downwardly to a point just below the resistance table 24 and
there the flexible conduit 5 is connected to the pipe 26. The surface floating part
comprises a float 25 pivoted at one end to the buoyant cylinders 23 and arranged in
the space between these buoyant cylinders, and provided with a piston rod extending
up into the air compressing cylinder 12.. The lower surface of the float 25 is oblique
or inclined so as to present an upwardly inclined surface in one direction to the waves
and this construction of power collecting device should be moored so as to always face
the waves.
To this end the anchor chain 3 is secured to the resistance table near the
front end thereof. In some instances it may be advisable to provide an additional
anchor chain to hold the floating structure in desired position.
In the modified construction shown in Figures 6 and 7 the buoyant or sustaining
portion comprises three vertically arranged cylinders or pontoons 28, from which
three vertical tubes 29 extend upwardly to the air compressing cylinder 12. The
right hand one of these tubes acts as the compressed air conduit. Similar tubes
extend downwardly from the pontoons 28 to the resistance table 24 and the flexible
conduit 5 is connected to the right hand one of the vertical tubes just below the
resistance table. The anchor chain is connected to the resistance table. The
surface float 27 slides vertically upon the tubes 29 and has a piston rod 19 extending
up into the air compressing cylinder and actuating a piston therein.
The floating structures or power collectors heretofore described are adapted for
deep water, each containing parts which will be submerged a considerable distance
below the surface. When the water is so shallow that such devices may not be used
a construction such as is shown in Figure 8 may be employed. This construction
resembles that shown in Figures 6 and 7, having similar vertically arranged
pontoons 28, but the resistance table is omitted and the anchor chain 3 is quite short
by reason of the shallowness of the water, and is arranged to exert sufficient tension
upon the floating structure against the buoyancy thereof to hold the structure sub-
stantially upright at all conditions of the tide. To provide for the rise and fall of the
tide the air compressing cylinder is of considerable length so as to accommodate the
extreme high position of the float 27 at high water and the extreme low position of
the float 27 at low water, or the length may be such as to provide only for the average
wave motion at high and low water, if it is not desired to utilize the excess of wave
movement above the average when the waves are running unusually high. The air
compressing cylinder 30 has air conduits 31, 31, extending from each end and is pro-
vided with induction valves at each end so as to be double acting, i.e., to utilize both
the upward and downward movements of the surface float 27 in the compression of
air.
The pontoons and floats may be made of boiler iron or steel and all parts of the

page_text: floating structures may be made hollow, the side rods not used as conduits being pre-
ferably of tubing and closed or enclosed at their ends so as to form air chambers.
In all of the constructions of power collecting devices above described the surface
floating part presents an upwardly inclined surface to the waves. The movement of
each particle of water composing the waves is both upward and downward and back-
ward and forward or in an elliptical or substantially circular path or orbit, and it is
designed by this construction to utilize the motion of the wave particles in all
directions. The upward and downward movements of the wave particles cause the
surface floats to rise and fall but this movement is augmented by the pressures of the
wave particles against the inclined lower surfaces of the surface float, which
are resolved into pressures in the direction of movement of the float. In all
constructions except that shown in Figures 4 and 5 these lower surfaces of the surface
floats are of conical form and it is therefore unnecessary to hold the floating
structures in any particular position, but in the construction shown in Figures 4 and
5 the inclination of the lower surface of the surface float is in but one direction and
the floating structure must therefore be held to face the waves as above described.
In the construction shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, the upper surface of the
pontoon 10 is conical so that the pontoon presents a downwardly inclined surface to
the waves, and thus the movement of the wave that augments the upward movement
of the surface float 18 will drive the pontoon and connected parts downward and thus
cause a downward movement of the cylinder and a further relative movement of the
parts. The funnel shaped part 14 will offer little resistance to this downward move-
ment and the leaves 17 of the resistance table 16 will yield upwardly so as not to
resist this downward movement, while on the other hand any tendency to upward
movement of the pontoon will cause downward pressure on the leaves and will thus
encounter the full resisting surface of the resistance table.
At the power station (see Figure 1) the air reservoirs 8 which, as above described,
receive the compressed air from the several power collecting devices, are connected by
suitable conduits or pipes 34 to air reservoirs 32 from which the air is conveyed by
suitable conduits or pipes 35 to pneumatic engines 33 which are driven by the com-
pressed air.
The first set of air reservoirs 8 I designate as primary reservoirs and the
second set 32 as secondary reservoirs. Pressure regulators, one of which is shown
enlarged and in section in Figure 9, are actuated by the pressures of air in the
respective secondary reservoirs to regulate and control the pressure of air in the
secondary reservoirs so that the air is supplied to the engines at substantially uniform
pressures. Each pressure regulator comprises a movable part actuated by the pressure
in the secondary reservoir and resisting such pressure and a valve controlling the flow
of air from the primary to the secondary reservoir. The movable part is shown as
the weighted piston 36 within the cylinder 37, the cylinder being secured to
the secondary reservoir and opening at its lower end therein. The piston 36 is of
smaller diameter than the bore of the cylinder and a flexible envelope 38 is secured
at its upper end to the piston and at its lower end to the cylinder in an air tight
manner and the device acts as a bellows, the flexible envelope 38 permitting the piston
to rise and fall under the pressure of the air and no air tight sliding joints being
necessary. A rod 39 extends upward from the piston 36 and out through the upper
end of the cylinder and weights 40 are secured to its upper end whereby the piston is
loaded to resist air pressure. The valve controlling the flow of air from the primary
reservoir is shown as an oscillating valve 41 located in the conduit 34, and provided
with an arm 42 which engages the left hand end of a pivoted rock lever 43, and the
right hand end of the rock lever 43 engages the rod 39 of the piston 36. As shown
the valve 41 is wide open and the piston 36 is in lower position. The increase of
pressure in the secondary reservoir 32 will cause the piston 36 to be raised and this
will cause the valve arm 42 to move downwardly and partially or wholly close the
valve, depending upon the amount of increased pressure, and upon a following
diminution of the pressure in the secondary reservoir the piston will move down-
wardly and the valve will be opened. The normal pressure in the secondary reservoir

page_text: may be regulated by varying the weight with which the piston 36 is loaded, and this
having been properly adjusted the slightest increase above the normal pressure will
cause a restriction of the valve opening and thus material increase above the normal
pressure in the secondary reservoir will be prevented.
The power developed by the power collectors according to my invention will be
variable, depending upon the amplitude of wave motion. The number of power
collecting devices may be such as to supply to the pneumatic engines sufficient air at
norinal pressure under minimum amplitude of wave motion, or the normal pressure
may be that maintained under the average of the usual variable conditions, the air
being accumulated or stored in the primary reservoirs or other storage reservoirs when
the wave movement is above the average and automatically drawn therefrom in excess
of the supply thereto into the secondary reservoirs under the action of the pressure
regulators when the wave movement is below the average.
The amount of power
concentrated at any set of primary reservoirs may also be regulated by varying the
number of power collectors connected thereto, and reserve power collectors may be
provided, normally disconnected, which may be connected to the primary reservoirs
whenever necessary, as by reason of a diminution of a wave motion or breakage of a
connected wave collector.
It is proposed to operate the plant at comparatively low air pressures, large air
reservoirs and engines of large surface being employed. As the power developed is
limited only by the number of collecting devices employed the number of these
floating structures will be determined by the amount of power desired. Dynamo-
electric machines may be actuated by the pneumatic engines and the energy of
motion thus transformed into electric energy and this electric energy may be conveyed
by conductors to towns or cities or other places at which it is desired to utilize the
energy, and may be utilized for light, heat or power or in any manner desired.
In some instances it may be desired to employ some other fluid than air to be
compressed at the power collectors or pumped by the power collectors and conveyed
to a power station and utilized or transformed into other forms of energy. So also
various modifications may be made in the constructions above particularly described
within the purview of my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is.
1. Means for utilizing the power of waves comprising a floating structure flexibly
connected to a fixed body beneath the surface of the water, said floating structure
including two parts constructed to be moved relatively to each other by the action of
the waves and one of said parts constructed to float upon the surface of the water and
having an inclined lower surface whereby it presents an upwardly inclined surface to
the waves, and power utilizing means connected to said movable parts, substantially
as set forth.
2. Means for utilizing the power of waves comprising a floating structure flexibly
connected to a fixed body beneath the surface of the water, said floating. structure
including two parts constructed to be moved relatively to each other by the action of
the waves, one of said parts being constructed to float upon the surface of the water
and having an inclined lower surface whereby it presents an upwardly inclined surface
to the waves, and the other of said parts having an oppositely inclined surface whereby
it presents a downwardly inclined surface to the waves, and power utilizing means
connected to said movable parts, substantially as set forth.
3. Means for utilizing the power of waves comprising a floating structure flexibly
connected to a fixed body beneath the surface of the water, said floating structure
including two parts constructed to be moved relatively to each other by the action of
the waves, one of said parts being constructed to float upon the surface of the water
and having an inclined lower surface whereby it presents an upwardly inclined surface
to the waves, and the other of said parts being constructed to extend below the
surface of the water and having an oppositely inclined surface whereby it presents a

page_text: downwardly inclined surface to the waves, and power utilizing means connected to said
movable parts, substantially as set forth.
4. Means for utilizing the power of waves comprising a floating structure flexibly
connected to a fixed body beneath the surface of the water, said floating structure
including two parts constructed to be moved relatively to each other by the action of
the waves and one of said parts constructed to float upon the surface of the water and
having an inclined lower surface whereby it presents an upwardly inclined surface to
the waves, and a fluid compressing device connected to said movable parts,
substantially as set forth.
5. Means for utilizing the power of waves comprising a floating structure flexibly
connected to a fixed body beneath the surface of the water, said floating structure
including two parts constructed to be moved relatively to each other by the action of
the waves, one of said parts being constructed to float upon the surface of the water
and having an inclined lower surface whereby it presents an upwardly inclined surface
to the waves and the other of said parts having an oppositely inclined surface whereby
it presents a downwardly inclined surface to the waves, and a fluid compressing
device connected to said movable parts, substantially as set forth.
6. Means for utilizing the power of waves comprising a floating structure flexibly
connected to a fixed body beneath the surface of the water, said, floating structure
including two parts constructed to be moved relatively to each other by the action of
the waves, one of said parts being constructed to float upon the surface of the water
and having an inclined lower surface whereby it presents an upwardly inclined
surface to the waves and the other of said parts being beneath said surface float and
having an oppositely inclined surface whereby it presents a downwardly inclined
surface to the waves, and a fluid compressing device connected to said movable parts,
substantially as set forth.
7. Means for utilizing the power of waves comprising a floating structure flexibly
connected to a fixed body beneath the surface of the water, said floating structure
including a part constructed to float upon the surface of the waves and having an
inclined lower surface whereby it presents an upwardly inclined surface to the waves
and a part constructed to be submerged a considerable distance below the surface of
the waves, said parts being movable relatively to each other, and a fluid compressing
device constructed to be actuated by the relative movements of said parts, substantially
as set forth.
8. Means for utilizing the power of waves comprising a floating structure flexibly
connected to a fixed body beneath the surface of the water, said floating structure
including a part constructed to float upon the surface of the waves and a part
constructed to be submerged a considerable distance below the surface of the waves,
said parts being movable relatively to each other, a fluid compressing device
constructed to be actuated by the relative movements of such parts, and a flexible
conduit extending from the compressing device to the fixed body substantially
parallel to the flexible connection and thence connected to a power station,
substantially as set forth.
9. Means for utilizing the power of waves comprising a floating structure flexibly
connected to a fixed body beneath the surface of the water, said floating
structure including parts constructed to be moved relatively to one another by the
action of the waves, a fluid compressing device actuated by the relative movements
of such parts, and a flexible conduit extending from the compressing device to a fixed
body substantially parallel to the flexible connection and thence connected to a power
station, substantially as set forth.
10. Means for utilizing the power of waves comprising a floating structure flexibly
connected to a fixed body beneath the surface of the water, said floating structure
including two parts constructed to be moved relatively to each other by the action of
the waves and one of said parts constructed to float upon the surface of the waves
and having an inclined lower surface whereby it presents an upwardly inclined
surface to the waves, a fluid compressing device constructed to be actuated by the
relative movements of such parts, and a flexible conduit extending from the

page_text: compressing device to the fixed body substantially parallel to the flexible connection
and thence connected to a power station, substantially as set forth.
11. Means for utilizing the power of waves comprising a floating structure flexibly
connected to a fixed body beneath the surface of the water, said floating structure
including two parts constructed to be moved relatively to each other by the action of
the waves, one of said parts being constructed to float upon the surface of the waves
and having an inclined lower surface whereby it presents an upwardly inclined
surface to the waves, and the other of said parts having an oppositely inclined surface.
whereby it presents a downwardly inclined surface to the waves, a fluid compressing
device constructed to be actuated by the relative movements of such parts, and
a flexible conduit extending from the compressing device to the fixed body
substantially parallel to the flexible connection and thence connected to a power
station, substantially as set forth.
12. Means for utilizing the power of waves comprising a floating structure flexibly
connected to a fixed body beneath the surface of the water, said floating structure
including two parts constructed to be moved relatively to each other by the action of
the waves, one of said parts being constructed to float upon the surface of the water
and having an inclined lower surface whereby it presents an upwardly inclined
surface to the waves and the other of said parts being beneath said surface float and
having an oppositely inclined surface whereby it presents a downwardly inclined
surface to the waves, a fluid compressing device constructed to be actuated by the
relative movements of such parts, and a flexible conduit extending from the com-
pressing device to the fixed body substantially parallel to the flexible connection and
thence connected to a power station, substantially as set forth.
13. Means for utilizing the power of waves comprising a plurality of floating
structures flexibly connected to fixed bodies beneath the surface of the water, each
floating structure including parts constructed to be moved relatively to one another
by the action of the waves and a fluid compressing device actuated by the relative
movements of such parts, flexible conduits extending from each compressing device to
the respective fixed bodies substantially parallel to the flexible connection, and a
reservoir for compressed fluid to which said conduits are connected, substantially as
set forth.
14. Means for utilizing the power of waves comprising a plurality of floating
structures flexibly connected to fixed bodies beneath the surface of the water, each
floating structure including a part constructed to float upon the surface of the waves
and a part constructed to be submerged a considerable distance below the surface of
the waves, said parts being movable relatively to each other, and each floating
structure having a fluid compressing device constructed to be actuated by the
relative movements of the parts of the floating structure, flexible conduits extending
from each compressing device to the respective fixed body substantially parallel to
the flexible connection, and a revervoir for compressed fluid to which said conduits
are connected, substantially as set forth.
15. Means for utilizing the power of waves comprising a plurality of floating
structures flexibly connected to fixed bodies beneath the surface of the water, each
floating structure including two parts constructed to be moved relatively to each
other by the action of the waves and one of said parts constructed to float upon the
surface of the waves and having an inclined lower surface whereby it presents an
upwardly inclined surface to the waves, and each floating structure having a fluid
compressing device constructed to be actuated by the relative movements of the parts
of the floating structure, flexible conduits extending from each compressing device to
the respective fixed body substantially parallel to the flexible connection, and a
reservoir for compressed fluid to which said conduits are connected, substantially as
set forth.
16. Means for utilizing the power of waves comprising a plurality of floating
structures flexibly connected to fixed bodies beneath the surface of the water, each
floating structure including two parts constructed to be moved relatively to each
other by the action of the waves, one of said parts being constructed to float upon the

page_text: surface of the waves and having an inclined lower surface whereby it presents an
upwardly inclined surface to the waves, and the other of said parts having an oppositely
inclined surface whereby it presents a downwardly inclined surface to the waves, and
each floating structure having a fluid compressing device constructed to be actuated
by the relative movements of the parts of the floating structure, flexible conduits
extending from each compressing device to the respective fixed body substantially
parallel to the flexible connection, and a reservoir for compressed fluid to which said
conduits are connected, substantially as set forth.
17. Means for utilizing the power of waves comprising a plurality of floating
structures flexibly connected to fixed bodies beneath the surface of the water, each
floating structure including two parts constructed to be moved relatively to each
other by the action of the waves, one of said parts being constructed to float upon
the surface of the waves and having an inclined lower surface whereby it presents an
upwardly inclined surface to the waves and the other of said parts being beneath said
surface float and having an oppositely inclined surface whereby it presents a
downwardly inclined surface to the waves, and each floating structure having a fluid
compressing device constructed to be actuated by the relative movements of the parts
of the floating structure, flexible conduits extending from each compressing device
to the respective fixed body substantially parallel to the flexible connection, and a
reservoir for compressed fluid to which said conduits are connected, substantially as
set forth.
18. Means for utilizing the power of waves comprising a plurality of separately
moored independent floating structures each provided with an air pump constructed
to be actuated by the action of the waves upon the floating structure, and conduits
from said air pumps to a common reservoir, and a pneumatic engine constructed to be
actuated by the air pumped into said reservoir, substantially as set forth.
19. Means for utilizing the power of waves comprising a plurality of separately
moored independent floating structures each provided with an air pump constructed
to be actuated by the action of the waves upon the floating structure, and conduits
from said air pumps to a common reservoir, a pneumatic engine constructed to be
actuated by the air pumped into said reservoir, and a pressure regulator interposed
between said reservoir and engine, substantially as set forth.
20. The combination with a primary air reservoir and a pneumatic engine con-
structed to be actuated by the air in said reservoir, of a pressure regulator interposed
between said reservoir and engine and comprising a secondary reservoir, a movable
part constructed to be actuated by the pressure in said secondary reservoir and to
resist said pressure, and a valve constructed to control the flow of air from the
primary reservoir to the secondary reservoir and to be actuated by said movable part,
substantially as set forth.
21. Means for utilizing the power of waves comprising a plurality of separately
moored independent floating structures each provided with an air pump constructed
to be actuated by the action of the waves upon the floating structure, and conduits
from said air pumps to a common primary reservoir, a pneumatic engine constructed
to be actuated by the air pumped into said reservoir, and a pressure regulator inter-
posed between said reservoir and engine and comprising a secondary reservoir, a
movable part constructed to be actuated by the pressure in said secondary reservoir
and to resist said pressure, and a valve constructed to control the flow of air from the
primary reservoir to the secondary reservoir and to be actuated by said moving part,
substantially as set forth.
22. A floating structure for utilizing the power of waves having two parts con-
structed to be moved relatively to each other by the action of the waves, one of said
parts being constructed to float upon the surface of the water and having an inclined
lower surface whereby it presents an upwardly inclined surface to the waves, and the
other of said parts having an oppositely inclined surface whereby it presents a down-
wardly inclined surface to the waves, and power utilizing means connected to said
movable parts, substantially as set forth.
23. A floating structure for utilizing the power of waves having two parts con-

page_text: structed to be moved relatively to each other by the action of the waves, one of said
parts being constructed to float upon the surface of the water and having an inclined
lower surface whereby it presents an upwardly inclined surface to the waves and the
other of said parts being beneath said surface float and having an oppositely
inclined surface whereby it presents a downwardly inclined surface to the waves,
and power utilizing means connected to said movable parts, substantially as
forth.
set
24. A floating structure for utilizing the power of waves having two parts con-
structed to be moved relatively to each other by the action of the waves, one of said parts
being constructed to float upon the surface of the water and having an inclined lower
surface whereby it presents an upwardly inclined surface to the waves and the other of
said parts having a resistance table constructed to be submerged a considerable dis-
tance below the surface of the waves, and one or more upwardly yielding
portions in said resistance table, and an inclined surface constructed to present
a downwardly inclined surface to the waves, and power utilizing means connected to
said movable parts, substantially as set forth.
25. A floating structure for utilizing the power of waves having two parts con-
structed to be moved relatively to each other by the action of the waves, one of said
parts being constructed to float upon the surface of the water and the other of said
parts having one or more upwardly yielding portions constructed to be submerged a
considerable distance below the surface of the waves and having an inclined surface
constructed to present a downwardly inclined surface to the waves, and power utilizing
means connected to said movable parts, substantially as set forth.
26. A floating structure for utilizing the power of waves having two parts con-
structed to be moved relatively to each other by the action of the waves, one of said
parts being constructed to float upon the surface of the water and having an inclined
lower surface whereby it presents an upwardly inclined surface to the waves and
the other of said parts having one or more upwardly yielding portions constructed
to be submerged a considerable distance below the surface of the water, and having
an inclined surface constructed to present a downwardly inclined surface to the
waves, and power utilizing means connected to said movable parts, substantially as
set forth.
27. A floating structure for utilizing the power of waves having two parts con-
structed to be moved relatively to each other by the action of the waves, one of said
parts being constructed to float upon the surface of the water and having a substan-
tially conical lower surface, and the other of said parts having a substantially conical
upper surface beneath said surface float, and power utilizing means connected to said
movable parts, substantially as set forth.
28. A floating structure for utilizing the power of waves having two parts con-
structed to be moved relatively to each other by the action of the waves, one of said
parts being constructed to float upon the surface of the water and having a substan-
tially conical lower surface and the other of said parts having a resistance table con-
structed to be submerged a considerable distance below the surface of the waves, and
an air pump constructed to be actuated by the relative movements of such parts,
substantially as set forth.
29. A floating structure for utilizing the power of waves having two parts
constructed to be moved relatively to each other by the action of the waves, one of
said parts being constructed to float upon the surface of the water and the other of
said parts having a substantially conical upper surface beneath said surface float, and
power utilizing means connected to said movable parts, substantially as set forth.
30. A floating structure for utilizing the power of waves having two parts
constructed to be moved relatively to each other by the action of the waves, one of
said parts being constructed to float upon the surface of the water and having a
substantially conical lower surface, and the other of said parts having a substantially
conical upper surface beneath said surface float and having a resistance table with
one or more upwardly yielding portions constructed to be submerged a considerable
B

page_text: distance below the surface of the waves, and power utilizing means connected to said
movable parts, substantially as set forth.
31. A floating structure for utilizing the power of waves comprising a surface float
and a part constructed to extend below the surface of the water, and an air com-
pressing device actuated by the relative movements of such parts and comprising a
cylinder on one of such parts, a piston on the other of such parts, the piston being
smaller than the bore of the cylinder, and a flexible envelope secured air tight to the
piston and to the cylinder, an induction valve leading into the space within such
envelope and a conduit leading out from such space, substantially as set forth.
32. A floating structure for utilizing the power of waves having two parts
constructed to be moved relatively to each other by the action of the waves, one of
said parts being constructed to float upon the surface of the water and having a
substantially conical lower surface and the other of said parts having a pontoon with
a substantially conical upper surface beneath said surface float, a downwardly extending
funnel shaped part beneath said pontoon, and a resistance table with one or more
upwardly yielding portions beneath said funnel shaped part, and power utilizing
means connected to said movable parts, substantially as set forth.
33. In a floating structure for utilizing the power of waves, the combination with
a part constructed to extend below the surface of the water and having guide rods
extending upwardly and a cylinder 12 at the upper end thereof, of a float sliding upon
said guide rods, a rod 19 extending upwardly therefrom into said cylinder, the
piston 20, the flexible envelope 21, an induction valve leading into the space within
said envelope and a conduit leading out therefrom, substantially as set forth.
34. In a floating structure for utilizing the power of waves, the combination with
a part constructed to extend below the surface of the water and having guide rods
extending upwardly and a cylinder 12 at the upper end thereof, and having the
pontoon 10 and the funnel shaped part 14 and rods extending downwardly therefrom
and the resistance table 16 having leaves 17, of a float sliding upon said guide rods,
a rod 19 extending upwardly therefrom into said cylinder, the piston 20, the flexible
envelope 21, an induction valve leading into the space within said envelope and a
conduit leading out therefrom, substantially as set forth.
35. In a floating structure for utilizing the power of waves, the combination of the
pontoon 10, guide rods extending upwardly therefrom, the cylinder 12 at the upper
end of the guide rods, the funnel shaped part 14, rods extending downwardly therefrom,
the resistance table 16 having leaves 17, means for mooring said structure connected
thereto below the resistance table, the float 18, the rods 19 extending upwardly there-
from into the cylinder, the piston 20, the flexible envelope 21, an induction valve
leading into the space within said envelope and a conduit leading out therefrom,
said conduit extending downwardly into proximity to the point of mooring,
substantially as set forth.
36. Means for utilizing the power of waves comprising a plurality of separately
moored independent floating structures each provided with a fluid compressing device
constructed to be actuated by the action of the waves upon the floating structure, and
conduits from said fluid compressing device to a reservoir for compressed fluid, an
engine constructed to be actuated by said compressed fluid and a pressure regulator
interposed between said reservoir and engine, substantially as set forth.
37. The combination with a primary reservoir for compressed fluid and an engine
constructed to be actuated by the compressed fluid, of a secondary reservoir inter-
posed between said primary reservoir and engine, a movable part constructed to be
actuated by the pressure in said secondary reservoir, adjustable means for varying the
resistance of said movable part to such pressure and a valve constructed to control the
flow of compressed fluid from the primary reservoir to the secondary reservoir and to
be actuated by said movable part, substantially as set forth.
38. The combination with a primary reservoir for compressed fluid and an engine
constructed to be actuated by the compressed fluid, of a secondary reservoir interposed
between said primary reservoir and engine, a cylinder thereon, a piston in said
cylinder smaller than the bore thereof, a flexible envelope secured in an air tight

page_text: manner to said cylinder and piston, a rod extending upwardly from said piston
through the head of said cylinder, means for exerting a downward pressure on said
rod and piston, and a valve constructed to control the flow of compressed fluid from
the primary reservoir to the secondary reservoir and to be actuated by said movable
part, substantially as set forth.
39. The combination with a primary reservoir for compressed fluid and an engine
constructed to be actuated by the compressed fluid, of a secondary reservoir inter-
posed between said primary reservoir and engine, a cylinder thereon, a piston in
said cylinder smaller than the bore thereof, a flexible envelope secured in an air tight
manner to said cylinder and piston, a rod extending upwardly from said piston
through the head of said cylinder, adjustable means for exerting a downward pressure
on said rod and piston, an oscillating valve constructed to control the flow of com-
pressed fluid from the primary reservoir to the secondary reservoir, an arın thereon,
and a rock lever engaging said arm and the rod of said piston, substantially as set
forth.
40. The combination with a primary reservoir for compressed fluid and an engine
constructed to be actuated by the compressed fluid, of a secondary reservoir inter-
posed between said primary reservoir and engine, a cylinder thereon, the piston 36
in said cylinder, the flexible envelope 38 secured to said cylinder and piston, the
rod 39 extending upwardly from said piston through said cylinder, means for exerting
a downward pressure on said arm, the oscillating valve 41 located in the conduit 34
between said primary reservoir and secondary reservoir, and means for connecting
said valve and rod 39, whereby the valve is actuated by the movement of said piston,
substantially as set forth.
41. The means for utilizing the power of waves consisting of the mechanism sub-
stantially as described.