Year: 1888

page_text: We AUGUST KUHNT and ROBERT DEISSLER, residing at 38, Alexanderstr., Berlin,
Germany, Engineers do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
In order to prevent the explosion of fire damp and colo dust in cole mines, when
blasting, water cartridges have been used, or cartridges with a mixture of crystal
carbonate of soda, (Na, CO + aqua), which acts through its crystall water.
The use of the water cartridges is very unhandy, on account of having to fill them
when placing the charge, and the effect of the latter mixture is greatly reduced
by the heating of the carbonate of soda contained therein.
To avoid these defects, we take nitroglycerine and mix it with carbonate of
ammonium; a substance which is entirely converted into gas by the explosion of the¯
nitroglycerine and leaves no residue.
By the addition of this carbonate of ammonium the temperature of the explosion
gases is so small, that flashing of the gases is prevented.
There must at least be 15% of this carbonate of ammonium to fully guard against
flashing.
As the formation of oxygen gas or carbon monoxide gas does not take place, no
further ignition can take place.
The new explosive substance contains:

page_text: a substance which on the explosion of the dynamite passes off in gas), with dynamite
in the same proportion.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is:
1.) An explosive compound consisting of nitroglycerine, and a mixture of at
least 15% of carbonate of ammonium.
2.) An explosive compound consisting of nitroglycerine, and a mixture of at
least 15% of hydroclorate of ammonium.
3.) An explosive compound consisting of nitroglycerine and a mixture of at
least 15% of ammonium chloride and hydroclorate of ammonium.
Dated 17th day of Anril.1888
AUGUST KUHNT,
ROBERT DEISSLER,
38, Alexanderstr., Berlin C, Germany.
AUGUST KUHNT,
ROBERT DEISSLER,
38, Alexanderstr., Berlin C, Germany.

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Apr., 1888
Specification Accepted, 25th May, 1888
We, WILLIAM ROBERT RAWLINGS and JOHN JOSEPH RAWLINGS both of.78, Richmond
Road, South Kensington, in the County of Middlesox, Domestic Engineers, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This Invention relates to Blow-pipe Apparatus, and it has for its object the
construction of an apparatus which may contain a supply of liquid fuel; in which a
flamme which cannot, be easily extinguished by wind, may be kept burning in the
intervals of use as a pilot light, and in which the volume and intensity of the flame
may be easily controlled at will by a single cock or valve.
There is appended hereto a sheet of Drawings to which reference is hereinafter
made and in which Fig. 1 represents a longitudinal view, and Fig. 2 a cross section
at A B Fig. 1, of a blow-pipe constructed according to our Improvements. Fig. 3 is
a diagram of the ways or channels in the plug of the cock and Fig. 4 is a plan of the
jet nozzle. In each of the Figures, similar elements and details are indicated by
similar letters.
C is a tubular casing at one end of which is the valve or cock D and the air inlet E.
At the opposite end of the apparatus is the nozzle F which is enclosed by a perforated
metallic tube or truncated cone G within which and around the nozzle is a deflecting
cone H. Within the casing there is a curved wick tube I, an air tube J and a jet
tube K which passes through the centre of the wick tube to the nozzle F, where it
is terminated by the jet in the centre of the nozzle. The nozzle for filling the liquid
fuel into the apparatus may be formed in any convenient position but we prefer to
form it in the outer casing and between the mid-length of the apparatus and the cock
as at L. This nozzle is closed when the apparatus is not being filled with the liquid
fuel and it is shaped to point towards the cock or valve, as shown in Fig. 1. The
wick tube I. terminates with an open end at a short distance from the valve end of
the apparatus, and the air tube similarly terminates at a short distance from the
nozzle end. A cotton wick is placed in the wick tube, fibrous material is loosely

page_text: packed around the tube so as to fill the casing, and a small quantity of porous or
fibrous material P, such as asbestos, is packed within the deflecting tube around
the nozzle.
The liquid fuel we prefer to employ is the light petroleum oil known as benzoline.
To fill the apparatus, the inlet nozzle .cap L is removed and the apparatus is held
vertically, with the jet end downwards. The fuel is then poured into the casing until
it appears within the nozzle, or until it is considered that a sufficient quantity has
been supplied. The apparatus is then inverted so that any fuel not absorbed by the
fibrous packing will run out through the inlet nozzle, which is then closed. By this
arrangement it will be evident that the liquid cannot under any ordinary conditions
enter the wick tube and that it cannot by any other means reach the jet nozzle.
The valve or cock is constructed with three ways, passages, or channels, by one of
which air is admitted to the valve or cock; by another, air is admitted to the jet
tube and by the third, air is admitted to the air tube. A convenient method of
construction of a cock is represented in the drawings in which a is a channel cut in
and surrounding the plug, is a short channel co-incident with and controlling the
inlet to the jet tube K, and c is a channel similar in all respects to b, but commencing
at a point in or about a vertical line with the termination of b and co-incident with
and controlling the inlet to the air tube J. There is a channel or
means of
communication in the plug or in the body of the cock between a b and c. The action
of the cock or valve is as follows:-Let the inlets to the air tube and to the jet tube
both be closed by the solid part of the plug of the cock, and let a light be applied to
the nozzle so as to ignite the vapour of the liquid fuel issuing therefrom; let also a
suitable supply of air pressure he connected to the air inlet E. If now, the valve or
cock is turned, air will first enter, the jet tube and create a small blow pipe flame at
the jet which will be projected beyond the protector G. The valve being further
turned, the channel c opens to the air tube through which air is consequently admitted
to the apparatus and in passing through the saturated fibrous material and the wick
tube, becomes highly charged with the hydrocarbon vapour from the liquid fuel before
issuing through the nozzle from which a flame of large dimensions is projected, the
character and dimensions of the flame being controlled by the amount of rotation
of the valve and by the air pressure. The channels in the valve are preferably
diminished from the middle to the extremities so as to secure gradual admission and
cut off and to enable the amount of air passing to be controlled with greater delicacy.
Although we have described an arrangement by which the supply of air to the jet
tube is not cut off until the air tube is fully opened, we do not bind our ourselves to
this arrangement, as in some cases it may be desirable that the supply of air to the
jet tube is cut off before or at the time the air tube is opened. When the air supply
to both the tubes is cut off, the vapour of the liquid fuel continues to issue from and
burn at the nozzle, acting as a pilot light between the periods of use. The protective
perforated tube or cone G prevents the pilot light being extinguished by the wind,
and therefore renders the apparatus adaptable for use in exposed positions.
Any liquid fuel which may from any cause condense at, or issue from, the nozzle is
immediately absorbed by the fibrous materials under the deflecting cone H, where
it is gradually vaporised and burnt by the flame.
We prefer to construct the nozzle of a series of small short tubes, arranged around
the jet as in Fig. 1. and as shown in plan in Fig. 4. The spaces between these tubes
and between the tubes and the jet and wick tube may be tightly packed with asbestos,
or may be filled or otherwise closed with metal.
The jet tube may, instead of being constructed and arranged as represented in the
Drawings, be included within the wick tube for the whole of its length.
The apparatus may be constructed so that the end in or upon which the valve or
cock is formed or secured may be removed from the casing when it is required to
renew the fibrous packing or the wick. For this purpose the end may be socketed
and internally screwed so as to engage with an external screw formed upon the casing.
The air tube and the jet tube may in this case terminate in a removable plate, or in a
fixed skeleton framing or bar N.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :
(1) A blow-pipe apparatus constructed arranged and operated substantially as
hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying Drawings.
(2) In a blow-pipe apparatus, the combination and arrangement with an outer
casing, of a wick tube, an air tube, a jet tube, a threo way cock or valve, a
filling nozzle, a jet forming the end of the jet tube, and a jet nozzle forming the end
of the wick tube, substantially as hereinbefore described and as illustrated by the
appended Drawings.
(3) In a blow-pipe apparatus, the combination and arrangement with an outer
casing, of a wick tube, an air tube, a jet tube, a three way cock or valve, a filling
nozzle, a jet forming the end of the jet tubo, a jet nozzle forming the end of the wick
tube, and a deflecting cone, substantially as hereinbefore described and as illustrated by
the appended Drawings.
(4) In a blow-pipe apparatus, the combination and arrangement with an outer
casing, of a wick tube, an air tube, a jet tube, a three way cock or valve, a filling nozzle,
a jet forming the end of the jet tube, a jet nozzle forming the end of the wick, tube,
and a perforated tube or cone; substantially as hereinbefore described and as illustrated
by the appended Drawings.
(5) In a blow-pipe apparatus, the combination and arrangement with an outer
casing, of a wick tube, an air tube, a jet tube, a three way cock or valve, a filling
nozzle, a jet forming the end of the jet tube, a jet nozzle forming the end of the wick
tube, a deflecting cone and perforated protective tube or cone; substantially as
hereirbefore described and as illustrated by the appended Drawings.
(6) In blow-pipe apparatus having an outer casing in which is contained fibrous
material to be saturated with liquid fuel a filling nozzle constructed and arranged
substantially as herein before described and as illustrated by the appended Drawings.-
(7) In a blow-pipe apparatus in which ignited vapour of liquid fuel forms the
blow-pipe flame; a deflecting cone around the jet, constructed and arranged
substantially as hereinbefore described and as illustrated by the appended Drawings.
(8) In a blow-pipe, a truncated perforated tube or cone surrounding the flame and
constructed and arranged substantially as hereinbefore described and as illustrated by
the accompanying Drawings.
Dated thin 10th dovr of Anril AD 1802
WILLIAM E. HEYS,
Agent for the Applicants.