Improvements in the Formation of Sand Moulds, also Cores, to Receive Molten Metal, and in Apparatus or Appliances therefor.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Oct., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 24th July, 1891-Accepted, 29th Aug.,
1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Formation of Sand Moulds, also Cores, to
Receive Molten Metal, and in Apparatus or Appliances therefor.
We STEPHEN ALLEY and JOHN ALEXANDER MACLELLAN of Sentinel
Works Polmadie in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, Engineers do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The first part of our invention consists of a novel method of forming sand
moulds in apparatus or appliances such as are hereafter described, whereby there
is left in the sand of the mould, after pressure has been applied, free vents to allow
air and gases to escape when the molten metal is being poured. Pressure is
applied to the sand in the mould or to the half or other part of the mould at such
a rate, regard being had to the thickness of the sand, that portions of the sand
opposite the perforations in the box or flask are blown out, and hence there are
automatically formed vents to the apertures, and yet the skin of the mould is left
sound. This automatic forming of vents in the mould is a novel feature of our
invention and one of great moment. By preference we give pressure to the sand
from the bottom upwards.
When cores are formed pressure is applied as above described but the vents
formed to deliver inwards into a perforated split, or other core bar.
The second part of our invention relates to the combination of a perforated box
or flask with hydraulic or other compressing apparatus when such compressing
apparatus is adjusted to act with sufficient quickness to form the air and gas vents
by mere pressure.
The third part of our invention has for its object to provide means or appliances
whereby the following operations in moulding are effected, (a) bringing the mould
or flask to the machine, (6) feeding the sand to the mould, (c) pressing the sand
() removing the mould from the pattern or the pattern from the mould (e) removing
the mould from the machine, (f) when necessary placing the half mould over the
other half, (h) carrying the mould to the cupola where it receives the molten metal,
and (i) removing the filled mould to the discharging pit where the casting and sand
are shaken free of the mould box or flask.
Apparatus consists essentially of a wheeled or other carriage for conveying the
mould box to and from the machine and to the cupola and discharging pit; rope
or crane-like hoisting apparatus for lifting the mould box on to and off the moulding
machine; the same or like apparatus for removing the pattern from the mould; a
filling shoot provided with movable deflectors to prevent the sand being filled too
closely into the mould and to allow of some parts of the mould being filled closer
than others; compressing apparatus (preferably hydraulic) with a swinging head
whereby the sand in the mould is rapidly compressed; crane like or rope apparatus
for lifting the filled mould from the carriage in the discharging pit and depositing
it upon a bogie with a perforated top and with spikes for loosening the sand in the
mould; and a travelling band for removing the sand.
The fourth part has been devised to allow of efficient support of part or parts of
a pattern whilst another part or parts of the pattern is being withdrawn from the
mould. We use a plate which we call an intermediate plate. This plate has the
necessary apertures in it to suit the pattern and in some cases its underside is fitted
with hinged or movable pieces to effect the moulding of castings with curved
surfaces.

page_text: Modifications of mechanism may be used for the withdrawal from the mould of
such projecting parts.
1 1
.
1000
Per pro J. T. KING,
W. B. Johnson,
Agent.
UUMI LEIN DE MULTICATION.
Improvements in the Formation of Sand Moulds, also Cores, to
Receive Molten Metal, and in Apparatus or Appliances therefor.
We STEPHEN ALLEY and JOHN ALEXANDER MACLELLAN, of Sentinel
Works, Polmadie, in the County of Renfrew do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The first part of our invention consists of a novel method of forming sand moulds
in apparatus or appliances such as are hereafter described whereby there is left in
the sand of the mould, after pressure has been applied, free vents to allow air and
gases to escape when the molten metal is being poured. Pressure is applied to the
sand in the flask or mould box or to the half or other part of the mould at such a
rate, regard being had to the thickness of the sand, that portions of the sand
opposite the perforations in the box or flask are blown out, and hence there are
automatically formed vents to the apertures, and yet the skin of the mould is left
sound. This automatic forming of vents in the mould is a novel feature of our
invention and one of great moment. By preference we give pressure to the sand
from the bottom upwards.
When cores are formed pressure is applied as above described, but the vents
are formed to deliver inwards into a perforated split or other core bar.
The second part of our invention relates to the combination of a perforated box
or flask with hydraulic or other compressing apparatus, when such compressing
apparatus is adjusted to act with sufficient quickness to form the air and gas
vents by mere pressure.
The third part of our invention has for its object to provide means or appliances
whereby the following operations in moulding are effected, (a) bringing the mould
box or flask to the machine. 6 feeding the sand to the mould. c pressing the sand.
d removing the mould from the pattern, or the pattern from the mould. e removing
the mould from the machine, (f) when necessary placing the half mould over the
other half, (h) carrying the mould to the cupola where it receives the molten metal,
and (i) removing the filled mould to the discharging pit where the casting and sand
are shaken free of the mould box or flask.
Apparatus consists essentially of a wheeled or other carriage for conveying the
mould box to and from the machine and to the cupola and discharging pit or bench.
Rope or crane like hoisting apparatus for lifting the mould box on to and off the
moulding machine; the same or like apparatus for removing the pattern from the
mould; a filling shoot provided with movable deflectors to prevent the sand being
filled too closely into the mould box or flask and to allow of some parts of the
mould box or flask being filled closer than others; compressing apparatus,
(preferably hydraulic) with a swinging or other suitable head whereby the sand in
the mould box or flask is rapidly compressed; crane like or rope hoisting apparatus
for lifting the filled mould box or flask from the carriage in the discharging pit
on to the bench and for depositing it upon a bogie or other appliance with a per-
forated top and with spikes for loosening the sand of the mould. A travelling band
for removing the sand or any usual appliances may be employed for removing the
sand and castings from the mould boxes or flasks.
The fourth part has been devised to allow of efficient support of part or parts of
a pattern whilst another part or parts of a pattern is being withdrawn from the

page_text: mould. We use a plate which we call an intermediate plate. This plate has the
necessary apertures in it to suit the pattern and in some cases its underside is
fitted with hinged or movable pieces to effect the moulding of castings with curved
surfaces. Modifications of mechanism may be used for the withdrawal from the
mould of such projecting parts.
Figures 1 and 2 are elevations at right angles to each other of moulding
apparatus or appliances illustrative of the first, second, third, and fourth parts of
our invention.
Figure 3 is an outline plan showing the system of working.
Figure 4 is an elevation of the article to be moulded.
1 is the bed plate, 2 is the headstock, carried by connecting rods 3. The rods 3
are pivotted to standards 4 secured to the bed plate 1. 5 balance weights,
6 hydraulic appliances for canting the headstock when required. 7 pressure block
and plate secured to the headstock and provided with openings 8, to allow of the
ejection of sand from the vents of the mould. 9 intermediate plate carried by
telescopic guides 10. 11 main body of the pattern resting on the plate 9.
12 hydraulic ram fitting in the cylinder 13, carried by the bed plate, and provided
with the usual operating gear. 14 head of ram, 15 flange portions of pattern resting
on the head 14, and passing freely through apertures 16 in the intermediate plate 9.
17 struts carried by the ram head 14 and adjusted as to length by screw and set
nut devices 18. The said struts are so adjusted as to abut against the intermediate
plate 9 when the flanged portions 15 of the pattern 11, are in proper position for
moulding. 19 is a frame pivotted to the intermediate plate 9 and furnished with
22 mould box
open bearings 20. 21 links and rope gear coupled to the frame 19.
or flask resting on the plate 9 and having trunnions 23 which fit into the bearings 20
on the intermediate plate. 24 vent holes. In Figure 3, 25 represents lines for
carriages 26. 27 is a moulding machine for the bottom mould box or flask. 28 is
a moulding machine for the top mould box or flask. 29 is the cupola where the
moulds are filled with molten metal. 30 is the discharging bench where the casting
and sand are removed from the mould box or flask. 31 is a loop line from
machine 27 to machine 28. 32 sand measuring box having a movable bottom 33,
35 shoot
opened and closed by toggle mechanism 34 or other convenient device.
leading down from the sand box towards the mould and provided with adjustable
39 rubber
deflectors 36. 37 sliding trunk carried by ropes and weights 38.
face to the trunk.
The action of the moulding machine is as follows:-The required quantity of
sand for the mould is filled into the box 32, the deflectors 36 are adjusted in the
required positions, the swinging headstock is canted to one side, the trunk 37 is
lowered on to the mould-box or flask, and the hydraulic ram 12 is caused to rise
until the struts 17 abut against the intermediate plate 9 and the pattern is complete.
The bottom of the sand box is now opened and the sand is allowed to fall down the
shoot and fill the mould box or flask; the trunk 37 is then raised and the head-
stock is swung into the position shown in the drawings, after which, the hydraulic
ram 12 is caused to rise and carry with it by means of the struts 17 the inter-
mediate plate 9, frame 19 and pattern and mould box until the sand in the mould is
brought against the pressure block 7 with such force and speed that the said sand
is compressed in the mould and about the pattern to the required consistency, and
sand is ejected through the vent holes 24 and openings 8 so as to leave vents in the
mould as shown. The ram 12 is then lowered until the plate 9 has descended as
far as is permitted by the telescoping guides 10 after which the said ram continues
to descend until the flange portions 15 of the pattern are withdrawn from the
mould. The headstock 2 is then swung to one side, the frame 19 is turned over
by means of the links and operating gear 21, and the mould box and mould is
deposited on the carriage 26.

page_text: The general manipulation of the moulds is illustrated by Figure 3 where the
carriage 26ª has a complete set of moulding boxes or flasks on it, the top mould
box or flask is picked off by the machine 28, and the carriage is moved on to the
machine 27 where the bottom mould box or flask is picked off. The carriage waits
at 27 until the bottom mould box or flask has the sand mould formed therein, and
is returned to the said carriage. The carriage is then run on the loop-line 31
where the core is placed in position, it is then run opposite to machine 28 where
the top mould box or flask is deposited on the bottom mould box or flask after
which the said carriage is moved forward to the cupola and the molten metal is run
on to the mould. The castings and sand are discharged at 30 and the carriage
with its mould boxes or flasks is returned to machine 28, an endless band or elevator
carries the sand from the discharge bench or pit to the sand boxes above the
moulding machines.
Figure 5 is a vertical section and Figure 6 a plan of apparatus under our
invention to be used in making cores. 39 is the core box or flask made in two
halves hinged together and resting on a table 40. 41 is a ring fitting over taper
snugs 42 one on each half of the box 39. The said ring holds the halves of the
core together when closed. 43 hollow central spindle free to be moved to and fro
through an aperture in the table 40 and operated by the hand lever 44. 45 catch
for retaining the lever 44 in position. 46 perforated core fitting over and held in
position by the spindle 43. 47 sand pressing ram.
When the parts are in the position shown, the mould-box is filled the requisite
distance with sand, the ram is brought down upon it, and the sand is compressed
at such a speed, that vent-holes are formed by the injection of sand into the core
bar through the perforations in the sand core bar. After the withdrawal of the
ram, the mould box is opened, the spindle is withdrawn and the core removed..
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what we
claim is:
First. Forming sand moulds with vents substantially as herein set forth.
Second. The combination of a perforated_mould box, flask or core, with com-
pressing apparatus for the formation of sand moulds with vents substantially as
set forth.
Third. The combination of apparatus and appliances operating in a cycle
substantially as and for the purpose set forth under the third part.
Fourth. Constructing moulding apparatus with an intermediate plate substantially
in the manner and for the purpose set forth under the fourth part.
Fifth. Shoots having movable deflectors for the purpose set forth in connection
with Figure 5.
Sixth. The combination of a sand measuring box and shoot when the sand box
is above the shoot, and both are above the moulding machine substantially as
set forth.
Dated the Twenty-third day of July 1891.