AN IMPROVED CUTTING, HOLING, OR SPLIT MACHINE FOR TRENCHES, SPLITS, OPENINGS, OR SIMILAR CUTTINGS,
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Carl Kesseler, of 63, Mohrenstrasse, Berlin, W., in the
Empire of Germany, Civil Engineer and Patent Solicitor, for the Invention
of "AN IMPROVED CUTTING, HOLING, OR SPLIT MACHINE FOR TRENCHES,
SPLITS, OPENINGS, OR SIMILAR CUTTINGS," A communication from Franz
Reska Machine Manufacturer of Prag Bubna, in the Empire of Austria.
Sealed the 10th June 1879, and dated the 16th December 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Carl Kesseler at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th December 1878.
"
CARL KESSELER, of 63, Mohrenstrasse, Berlin, W., in the Empire of Germany,
Civil Engineer and Patent Solicitor. AN IMPROVED CUTTING, HOLING, OR
SPLIT MACHINE FOR TRENCHES, SPLITS, OPENINGS, OR SIMILAR CUTTINGS." [A
communication from Franz Reska, Machine Manufacturer, of Prag Bubna, in the
Empire of Austria.]
The holing and split machine, as represented in the adjoined Drawings, is
designed to be worked by hand, but can also be worked by mechanical power or
any other motor. It is arranged to cut, to make splits, to work trenches or openings
of any length, in any direction, at any place of holing or heading and of any depth,
without being compelled to remove the cutting, holing, or split wheel from the
hole or split worked with it. This improved working of the machine is obtained in
the following manner-1. By the two frames x, x¹, with the universal joints y, y'.
2. Through the special arrangement by which the holing or split wheel can be
worked into the trench. 3. By means of the disengaging arrangement which allows
the swinging arrangement to be disengaged at any required noment, by giving to
the holing or trenching mechanism a motion which works in the direction of the
opening to be made. 4. By means of a disposition by which the machine can be
placed perpendicularly or under any angle without using the frames x, x², or the
universal joints y, y¹. 5. By means of the axle-arrangement which allows the axle
of the holing or split wheel to penetrate into the trencher or split already made and

page_text: to advance in the direction of the opening. 6. By means of a special arrangement
v of the machine to lift it to any height according to the requirements of the work,
or to keep the machine firmly until the frame has been properly placed for it.
I. ARRANGEMENT TO PLACE THE MACHINE IN ANY REQUIRED DIRECTION.
Sheet 1, Fig. 2, shows the machine in plan. It will there be seen that the whole
mechanism is received by the casing which is formed by the two tubes p and p',
and its connecting pieces o and o¹. In the position shown it will be seen that the
casing itself is kept again by the frame x, x1, mentionned under 1, and which can be
fixed by being bolted to the ground and the roof of the gallery, the casing being
fastened to it by means of binding screws.
The sockets which can be moved upon
the frames x, x¹, are made like universal joints (y, y¹, Sheet I. and II.), so far as they
are connected with the pieces o, o', by means of discs pressed one against the other,
which allow a complete revolution of the machine round their centre, the machine
can therefore make cuts in each direction resulting from this revolving motion.
Besides, the universal joints y, y¹, can move round the bolts or pivots 3 and 4, into
which the set screws 1 and 2 are fastened. This motion does not extend to a com-
plete revolution, but is in all cases sufficient to place the machine under a convenient
angle to the frames x and x¹ in the direction of their longitudinal axis. It follows
from the following that the machine can take any position towards either the ground
and top of the gallery which may be necessary for cutting purposes. By splitting
or by working the trench perpendicularly, either at the top of the gallery or in the
ground, the frames x, x¹ are not needed and the machine is placed into the required
position by means of the guide pipes p, p, and the inserted screws z, z¹, which are
provided with points. In this case the plan Fig. 2, Sheet I., can also serve as a
representation of the upright standing machines. Before describing the machine
itself, the apparatus v named herein before under No. 6, has to be mentionned, which
is shown in dotted lines Fig. 2, Sheet 1, also in full lines in another position. This
apparatus serves to support the machine when by its advance in the trench the
screwed feet or frames x, x', must be loosened to displace it. This apparatus consists
of a rack and pinion jack acting in such a manner that by means of turning a pinion
of which the bearing is temporally connected with the machine to be supported,
this pinion gears with a fixed rack. The rack 5, Fig. 1, is fixed to a column 6
acting as a strut or stay, while the pinion 7 and the crank 8 are fixed to a (T) tee
shaped tubo 9, placed into the rings w, w¹, which are for this purpose fixed to the
guide tube ps of the machine sliding on p₁, when the machine is at work. It will
be seen that by means of this apparatus the machine can be lifted or lowered, or can
be maintained in any position until the columns x, x¹, are again placed.
II. THE MACHINE.
The machine is carried by the casing p, p¹, o, o¹, already described, in such a
manner that two tubes p, provided with slide rollers sliding along P₁, p², carry a
framework which is represented in detail, Fig. 4, Sheet 2. The details of Sheet 2
serve to explain better the construction of the machine and have consequently to
be consulted with the designs of Sheet 1. The cutter wheel a is made as in similar
machines formerly manufactured and used by the present inventor, it becomes
tightened by means of a hand wheel c fixed on to the spindle d, the bevel wheels
e, e, Fig. 1, and the spindle f which carries at its top the pinion b which gears into
the toothed rim fixed to a by means of inner gearing. The cutting wheel takes
firstly the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 2, Sheet 1, and has to be worked
successively into the material. This is effected from the shaft d by means of the
worm g and wheel h, the spindle i and worm k acting upon the worm wheel 7, and
at last, by means of the worm m, gearing the worm wheel ring n.
The latter being
fixed to the arm A carrying the worm wheel, the axle or shaft of the cutting wheel
B is therefore compelled to revolve slowly round the spindle f by turning d, whereby

page_text: the cutting wheel turns at the same time round its own axle. The cutting wheel
by cutting into the material enters gradually in the position, as shown for example
in Fig. 2, Sheet 1. After this has taken place and the space D, E, F, D, has been
cut, this motion is interrupted by disengaging the worm wheel h, and the arrange-
ment to make the machine automatically advance in the direction of the trench to
be cut is inserted. This arrangement is similar to an ordinary slide rest motion, with
the difference that the spindle q is stationary while the cutting takes place, and the
nut r, which is taken between the walls of the frame works 8, 8', and which is set
firmly in such a manner that by its own revolving and advancing motion along the
spindle it takes the whole machine with it in its longitudinal direction. This nut
is toothed on its outer circumference like a worm-wheel and receives its motion from
the spindle by means of the worm u. As will be seen from Fig. 4, Sheet 2, the
spindle q is in its entire length provided with a groove which serves to allow
the sliding coupling piece t represented in Fig. 5, Sheet 2, with the arm
fixed to the frame s¹ to prevent the turning of the spindle without preventing the
sliding motion of all its parts consequently of the coupling to move along the spindle
in its longitudinal direction. Otherwise when geared with the coupling teeth it
connects the screw-spindle with the nut, so that a turn of the latter does not pro-
duce any displacement as the former turns with it. The effect of this arrangement is
that the cutting mechanism when the machine is in motion slides upon the guide
tubes p, p, if t is disengaged, but does not slide if t is engaged. This slide rest
motion is therefore used for the automatic advance of the cut wheel into the trench,
split, or opening until a forward motion of the whole machine is required. This
manipulation is easily carried out after the machine has been stayed by means of the
above described support-arrangement and the stay columns x, x¹, have been loosened
by turning the screw spindle q, through the hand wheels q¹, q', when the coupling t is
disengaged. While this revolution takes place in the required direction, the cutting
wheel rests in the opening or trench and with it the whole mechanism, the guide
tubes p, p, slide in p³, p², until they knock against the cross beam o¹, and the stay
columns x, x¹, can be fixed again. The machine can then again advance over the
free length of the screw-spindle q, and so on. Having thus herein before described
and represented in the adjoined Drawing the arrangements and particularities of
my improved trench cutting, holing, or split machine it will be understood that
the improvements upon which the claims are principally based consist,―
1. In the arrangement of the parts of the trench holing or split machine, as
herein before described.
2. In the arrangements of the universal joints y, y', as applied, and as herein
described, and represented in the adjoined Drawings.
3. In the arrangement of the trench cutting, holing, or split machine provided
with stay columns x, x³, in connection with the universal joints y, y¹, as herein
before described, and represented in the adjoined Drawings.
4. In the supporting or upholding arrangement v, used temporally, as herein
before described, and represented in the adjoined Drawings.
5. In the sliding arrangement of the slide-rest or support by means of the
grooved spindle q in connection with the disengaging arrangement t for the purpose
and in the manner herein before described, and represented in the adjoined
Drawings.
6. In the arrangement of trench cutting, holing, or splitting machine provided
with the sliding arrangement of the slide rest or support by means of the grooved
spindle q and in connection with the disengaging arrangement t, as herein before
described, and represented in the adjoined Drawings.
7. In the arrangement of the trench cutting and holing or split machines by
which the cutting wheel can be worked in, for the purpose and in the manner as
herein described, and as represented in the adjoined Drawings.
8. In the arrangement of trench cutting, holing, or splitting machines provided
with the mechanism to work the cutting wheel in, as herein before described, and
as represented in the adjoined Drawings.

page_text: 9. In the arrangement of trench cutting, or holing, or split machines by which
the revolving axle of the cutting wheel can rest in the trench, split, or opening, for
the purpose of obtaining a proportionnal deeper cut with a smaller wheel, in the
manner herein described, and as represented in the adjoined Drawings.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Carl Kesseler in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th June
1879.
CARL KESSELER, of 63, Mohrenstrasse, Berlin, W., in the Empire of Germany,
Civil Engineer and Patent Solicitor. "AN IMPROVED CUTTING, HOLING, OR SPLIT
MACHINE FOR TRENCHES, SPLITS, OPENINGS, OR SIMILAR CUTTINGS." A commu-
nication from Franz Reska, Machine Manufacturer, Prag Bubna, in the Empire
of Austria.
The holing and split machine as represented in the adjoined Drawings is designed
to be worked by hand, but can also be worked by mechanical power or any other
motor. It is arranged to cut, to make splits, to work trenches or openings of any
length, in any direction, at any place of holing or heading, and of any depth, with-
out being compelled to remove the cutting, holing, or splitwheel from the hole or
split worked with it. This improved working of the machine is obtained in the
following manner-1. By the two frames x, xl, with the universal joints y, y¹. 2.
Through the special arrangement by which the holing or splitwheel can be worked
into the trench. 3. By means of the disengaging arrangement which allows the
swinging arrangement to be disengaged at any required moment by giving to the
holing or trenching mechanism a motion which works in the direction of the
opening to be made. 4. By means of a disposition by which the machine can be
placed perpendicularly or under any angle without using the frame x, x¹, or the
universal joints y, y¹. 5. By means of the axle arrangement which allows the axle
of the holing or split wheel to penetrate into the trench or split already made and
to advance in the direction of the opening. 6. By means of a special arrangement
v of the machine to lift it to any height according to the requirements of the
work or to keep the machine firmly until the frame has been properly placed
for it.
I. ARRANGEMENT TO PLACE THE MACHINE IN ANY REQUIRED DIRECTION.
Fig. 2 shows the machine in plan. It will there be seen that the whole mechanism
is received by the casing which is formed by the two tubes p and p' and its con-
necting pieces o and o¹. In the position shown it will be seen that the casing itself
is kept again by the frame x, x¹, mentioned under 1, and which can be fixed by
being bolted to the ground and the roof of the gallery, the casing being fastened to
it by means of binding screws. The sockets, which can be moved upon the frames
x, x¹, are made like universal joints (y, y¹) so far as they are connected with the

page_text: pieces o, o¹, by means of discs pressed one against the other which allow a complete
revolution of the machine round their centres; the machine can therefore make cuts
in each direction resulting from this revolving motion. Besides, the universal joints
y, y, can move round the bolts or pivots 3 and 4 into which the set screws 1 and 2
are fastened. This motion does not extend to a complete revolution but is in all
cases sufficient to place the machine under a convenient angle to the frames x, x', in
the direction of their longitudinal axis. It follows from the following that the
machine can take any position towards either the ground and top of the gallery
which may be necessary for cutting purposes. By splitting or by working the
trench perpendicularly, either at the top of the gallery or in the ground, the frames
x, x', are not needed and the machine is placed into the required position by means
of the guide pipes p, p, and the inserted screws z, z¹, which are provided with
points. In this case the plan, Fig. 2, can also serve as a representation of the up-
right standing machines. Before describing the machine itself the apparatus v,
named hereinbefore under No. 6, has to be mentioned, which is shown in dotted
line, Fig. 2, also in full lines in another position. This apparatus serves to support
the machine when by its advance in the trench the screwed feet or frames x, x¹,
must be loosened to displace it. This apparatus consists of a rack and pinion jack
acting in such a manner that by means of turning a pinion of which the bearing is
temporally connected with the machine to be supported; this pinion gears with a
fixed rack. The rack 5, Fig. 1, is fixed to a column 6 acting as a strut or stay,
while the pinion 7 and the crank 8 are fixed to a tee shaped (T) tube 9 placed into
the rings w, w, which are for this purpose fixed to the guide tube p² of the machine,
sliding on p when the machine is at work. It will be seen that by means of this
apparatus the machine can be lifted or lowered or can be maintained in any position
until the columns x, x¹, are again placed
The machine is carried by the casing p, p, o, o', already described, in such a
manner that two tubes p₂ provided with slide rollers sliding along p, p¹, carry a
framework which is represented in detail, Fig. 4.
The cutter wheel a is made as in similar machines formerly manufactured and
used by the present inventor; it becomes tightened by means of a handwheel c fixed
on to the spindle d, the bevel wheels e, e¹, Fig. 3, and the spindle f which carries at
its top the pinion b which gears into the toothed rim fixed to a by means of inner
gearing. The cutting wheel takes firstly the position shown in dotted lines in Fig.
2 and has to be worked successively into the material. This is effected from the
shaft d by means of the worm g and wheel h, the spindle i and worm ke acting upon
the worm wheel and at last by means of the worm m gearing the worm wheel
ring n. The latter being fixed to the arm A carrying the worm wheel; the axle or
shaft of the cutting wheel B is therefore compelled to revolve slowly round the
spindle f by turning d, whereby the cutting wheel turns at the same time round its
own axle. The cutting wheel by cutting into the material enters gradually in the
position as shown, for example in Fig. 2. After this has taken place and the space
D, E, F, D, has been cut this motion is interrupted by disengaging the worm wheel
hand the arrangement to make the machine automatically advance in the direction
of the trench to be cut is inserted. This arrangement is similar to an ordinary
slide rest motion, with the difference that the spindle q is stationary while the
cutting takes place and the nut which is taken between the walls of the frame
work 8, 81, and which is set firmly in such a manner that by its own revolving and
advancing motion along the spindle it takes the whole machine with it in its
longitudinal direction. This nut is toothed on its outer circumference like a worm
wheel and receives its motion from the spindle f by means of the worm u.
will be seen from Fig. 4 the spindle q is in its entire length provided with a groove
which serves to allow the sliding coupling pieces t, represented in Fig. 3, with the
As

page_text: arm t¹ fixed to the frame s¹ to prevent the turning of the spindle without preventing
the sliding motion of all its parts, consequently of the coupling, to move along the
spindle in its longitudinal direction. Otherwise when geared with the coupling
teeth r it connects the screw spindle with the nut, so that a turn of the latter does
not produce any displacement as the former turns with it. The effect of this
arrangement is that the cutting mechanism when the machine is in motion slides
upon the guide tubes p, pl, if t¹ is disengaged, but does not slide if t is engaged. This
slide rest motion is therefore used for the automatic advance of the cutt wheel into
the trench, split, or opening until a forward motion of the whole machine is
required. This manipulation is easily carried out, after the machine has been stayed,
by means of the above described support arrangement and the stay columns x, x¹,
have been loosened by turning the screw spindle q through the hand wheels q, q',
when the coupling t is disengaged. While this revolution takes place in the re-
quired direction the cutting wheel rests in the opening or trench and with it the
whole mechanism; the guide tubes p, p, slide in p, p, until they knock against
the cross beam o', and the stay columns x, x, can be fixed again. The machine can
then again advance over the free length of the screw spindle q, and so on. Having
thus herein before described and represented in the adjoined Drawings the arrange-
ments and particularities of the improved trench cutting, holing, or split machine
and by it the Invention and with it the manner in which it will be carried into
effect, it will be understood that the improvements upon which the claims are
principally based consist,-1. In the arrangement of the parts of the trench, holing,
or split machine, as hercin described. 2. In the arrangement of the universal joints
y, y, as applied, and as herein described, and represented in the adjoined Drawings.
3. In the arrangement of the trench cutting, holing, or split machine provided with
stay columns x, x¹, in connection with the universal joints y, y', as herein before
described, and represented in the adjoined Drawings. 4. In the supporting or up-
holding arrangement vused temporally, as herein described, and represented in the
adjoined Drawings. 5. In the sliding arrangement of the slide rest or support
by means of the grooved spindle q in connection with the disengaging arrangement
t, for the purpose and in the manner herein before described, and represented in the
adjoined Drawings. 6. In the arrangement of trench cutting and holing or split-
ting machines provided with the sliding arrangement of the slide rest or support by
means of the grooved spindle q and in connection with the disengaging arrange-
ment t, as herein before described, and as represented in the adjoined Drawings.
7. In the arrangement of trench cutting and holing or split machines by which the
cutting wheel can be worked in, for the purpose and in the manner as herein before
described, and as represented in the adjoined Drawings. 8. In the arrangement of
trench cutting, holing, or splitting machines provided with the mechanism to work
the cutting-wheel in, as hereinbefore described, and as represented in the adjoined
Drawings. 9. In the arrangement of trench cutting, holing, or split machines by
which the revolving axle of the cutting wheel can rest in the trench, split, or opening
for the purpose of obtaining a proportional deeper cut with a smaller wheel, in the
manner herein before described, and as represented in the adjoined Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Carl Kesseler, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty sixth day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy nine.
CARL KESSELER. (L.s.)