Improvements in Locks.
Year: 1890

page_text: .Date of Application, 25th Apr., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 24th Jan., 1891-Accepted, 28th Feb., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Locks.
I, THOMAS AYLIFFE, of the firm of T. Ayliffe & Sons, Hot-water Engineer,
of Paradise Place, Cardiff, in the County of Glamorganshire, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to certain improvements in locks for doors gates and such
like, the object being to so construct the parts that the spring and follower, for
operating the bolt, may be dispensed with, by substituting a lever-weight piece
therefor, the same being combined and arranged with the bolt and handle socket,
and a trip-plate. The wards and key may be varied as desired.
The one bolt serves both for the handle and the key action.
The parts are enclosed in a boxing with substantially the ordinary covering
plate and a face plate which is capable of being reversed according to whether the
bolt is inserted in one or the other position to present the chamfer of the bolt to
the staple to accomodate a door hung either to swing from the right hand or from
the left.
The lock may be made as a mortice-lock, rim-lock, draw-back-lock, gate-lock or
latch-lock and, as will be further shown, the one set of parts forming a complete
lock, made according to this invention, may be used either as a left handed or a
right handed lock as before mentioned.
The following description will more particularly ascertain the formation of the
parts in, and of a lock, constructed according to this invention -
The boxing to receive the parts is made as required according to whether the
lock is to be a mortice-lock or other kind but with two lug portions at the front
edge to receive holding screws for the front edge plate so that the same may be
reversed when desired.
The bolt is provided with a bevilled or chamfered nose and intermediately of its
length will be provided with the recesses or ears with which the key is eventually to
engage.
Centrally with this portion there is to be provided a projecting stud or studs to
engage with a slot portion or slot portions of a trip-plate or trip-plates which said
trip-plate or trip-plates is or are hung upon a stud or studs of the boxing..
The rear end of the bolt is provided with an eye or catch-stud to engage with a
corresponding catch-stud or eye upon the lever-weight piece before referred to, and
which will next be described together with its functions.
The lever-weight piece is provided with a stud or studs which are intended to
take into holes in the front and back cover-plates of the boxing and upon which the
said lever-weight piece is hung so as to swing by the action of the handle or
the key.
The part of the said lever-weight piece, forward in direction of the bolt, has an
edge approximately close to the vertical line, drawn through the centre of its swing-
studs, and on the rearward side of said vertical line there is provided an enlarge-
ment of the body of the said lever weight piece so as to increase the weight on that
side. By this weight of the lever being in excess on this one side the force of
gravity acts to propel the bolt instead of employing a spring."
The swing studs of the said lever-weight picce will have a "square" cut there-
through for the handle spindle.
If the lock is to be used as a mortice- or a rim-lock the handle-spindle will go
through the square on each side; but for a latch-lock it will extend out on one side
and have but one handle.
When the lock is "on" the handles or latch the stud upon the bolt, which engages

page_text: with the slot of the trip-plate will be in the rearward half of the slot of the said trip-
plate but when the key is used to shoot the bolt the key will lift the trip-plate at the
time that it commences to act upon the key-ears of the bolt. As the bolt is being
shot the stud of the bolt will pass from the rearward part of the slot of the trip-plate
to the forward part of said slot and when the trip-plate falls the bolt stud will be
caught in the slot and the locking be secured until, upon unlocking, the position
of the trip-plate will be changed."
The parts in this lock are so few and so simple. that they can be cast as for
instance in malleable iron, or such like, and with but little finishing be set into the
boxing and completed.
The movement secures great lightness and freedom from friction in the working
of the parts whether operated by the handle or handles or by the key owing to
the absence of the normal spring force which is present in locks of other
construction.
This construction of lock may in some cases be used with a spring acting upon
the hanging lever-piece connected with the bolt and the counterweight portion be
more or less dispensed with but in either case the friction and wear of the follower
is avoided.
115-11 L
זי
1000
WALTER A. BARLOW,
46, Chancery Lane, London..
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Locks.
I, THOMAS AYLIFFE, of the firm of T. Ayliffe & Sons, Hot Water Engineers,
of Paradise Place, Cardiff, in the County of Glamorganshire, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to certain improvements in locks for doors, gates, and
such like the object being to so construct the parts that the spring,, bolts, and
follower heretofore used may be dispensed with by substituting therefor a lever-
weight-piece, the same being combined and arranged with a single bolt and with
the handle socket. A trip-plate or plates, pivotted to the lock casing also 'forms
part of the combined construction. One bolt serves both for the handle and the
key action.
The invention may be applied as a mortise lock, rim lock, drawback lock, gate
lock, or a mortise latch lock and as will be subsequently shown one set of parts
forming a complete lock made according to this invention will serve either as a
right or left hand lock or in other words the bolt has simply to be reversed
according to the requirement. A reversible face-plate may be used when required
but this is not so in the construction shown in the drawings.
f
The following description, wherein reference is made to the accompanying
drawings, will more particularly ascertain the formation and working of the parts
in and of locks constructed according to this invention. This may have a through
spindle for handles on each side of a door; or, the handle be upon one side only
and the lock be used as a mortise, "front door," or latch lock the key acting on the
outside for lock" and "latch" and on the inside for "lock."
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the lock with cover-plate removed; Fig. 14, the
cover-plate with its trip-plate indicated in dotted lines; and, Fig. 1, shows a key
suitable for the lock.
Fig. 2, a top or plan of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 an elevation showing the interior of the casing when the working parts are
removed.
Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are respectively side elevation, rear elevation and plan of the
trip-plate.

page_text: Figs. and elevation and plan or the reversible Doit.
Figs. 9 and 10 side and front elevation of the lever-weight.
Fig. 11 elevation of "parlour-mortise-lock" in which springs are applied. in
combination with the lever-weight, bolt, and trip-plate.
a, is the box or casing, on the inside rim whereof are hubs a', to which the top-
plate can be secured and screwed in ordinary manner. b, b, are trip-plates one on
each side of the bolt and upon each cover-plate. c, the lever-weight to which is
pivotted the rearward end d', of bolt ; these parts comprising the whole
mechanism.
The trip-plates b, b, are mounted on studs 62, and have formed therein an
irregular slotted opening which for convenience of reference may be divided into
three portions 1, 2, and 3. The trip-plates carry a projecting piece 3. The lever
weight c, is provided with hubs e', which take into. bushes c, formed in the cover-
plates of the lock casing. This lever-weight c, occupies so much of the available
space, within the lock casing, as is consistent with its free movement therein.
A handle "square" is formed in the hubs c', for the spindle or shank, and a
countersink or recess is formed at c³, wherein is pivotted the rearward end d', of the
bolt d. This pivotting of the bolt d, is central with the nose thereof, to admit of
it being reversed and occupies a middle position between the two sides of the casing.
d', are key lugs formed upon both edges of the shank, as shown in Figs. 1, 7,
and 8; but, in Fig. 11, but one set of key-lugs d', are shown. In this latter case
the lock would not be convertible for use as either a right or as a left-hand lock.
The trip-plate is also varied in said Fig. 11 and is shown acted upon by a spring
which latter may be applied in the construction Fig. 1.
Referring again to Fig. 1, studs ³, are furnished on both sides of bolt d, and
these engage with the open portions. 1, 2, and 3 of the trip-plate or plates. In the
drawing the bolt is shown in locked position two obstacles being presented to its
withdrawal, viz. -the projection 3, on the trip-plate and the extension of the stud
or studs d³, within the upper part of No. 1 division of the slot in the trip-plate.
In proceeding to "unlock," the key in its movement will raise the trip-plate
until the narrow part No. 2, of the slot is opposite the stud of the bolt. The
key will now act upon the key-lugs dª, drawing back the bolt until stud d³, has
passed into the part No. 3, of the slot when the trip-plate will fall, the projection &³,
being in front of the projection đồ, of the bolt à, instead of being in position
shown in Fig. 1.
During the withdrawal of the bolt the weight c, will have had its centre of
gravity displaced inasmuch as it will have been pushed back along with the bolt
and the tendency to resume the position shown in the drawing will cause the bolt
constantly to project beyond the lock plate as far as is allowed by the limits of the
part 3, of the slot in the trip-plate or plates; that is, sufficiently to keep the door
"latched" when closed. The portion 3, of the trip-plate slot is long enough to
allow the bolt to be completely withdrawn by turning the handle.
The parts in this lock are so few and so simple that they can be cast, as for
instance in malleable iron or such like, and with but little finishing may be set into
the boxing and the lock be finished.
The lock may be made with but one trip-plate 6, but would be more easily
picked or tampered with, and the trip-plate may fall by weight or be pressed down
by spring.
When the bolt is shot to the "lock" the handle cannot be operated either upon
the inside or outside of the door until the key be used.
The construction of lock illustrated in Fig. 11, is referred to in the Specification
upon application herein, and it will be seen that the lever weight c, is reduced in
size and that springs are used to act upon and co-operate with the said weight.c,
and also upon the trip-plate b, which said trip-plate, it will be observed, is varied
in this instance, in form, from that shown in Figs. 1, 1, 4, 5, and 6.
In using the spring or springs, as indicated, the counterweight portion can be
more or less dispensed with but in either case the friction and wear of the

page_text: "follower" and of the tag or guide, and the double bolts of ordinary locks of this
class is avoided. The bolt d is shown in "locked" position in this fig. that is,
shot to the full by the key action.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my, said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
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25
First The construction of a weight operated lock working with a single bolt
capable of being actuated by a handle for "latching" and by key for "locking"
without the use of a follower as and for the purpose herein set forth.
Secondly The mortise locks as herein specified and shown by the drawings
characterised by the bolt d, d', d, d, d, trip-plate 1, 2, 3, and slot portion 1, 2, 3,
the lever weight, c, ³, and handle together with the casing and key ward-
portions constructed and operating as and for the purpose herein set forth.
Thirdly-The lock as herein described in reference to and shown by Fig. 11, of
the drawings.
•
. Fourthly-In a lock substantially as herein set forth the bolt d, d', d', d³,
reversible to afford a right and left handed lock mounted and operating as herein
set forth..
ז.
1001
T. AYLIFFE.
Per Walter A. Barlow,
46, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.