IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, of 16,
Castle Street, Holborn, City, London, Patent Agent, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING
"
Sealed the 20th February 1854, and dated the 1st December 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Auguste Edouard
Loradoux Bellford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with his Petition, on the 1st December 1853.
I, AUGUSTE EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, of 16, Castle Street,
Holborn, (City,) London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFAC-
TURING HORSE-SHOES" to be as follows:-
A novel arrangement of dies, bending arms, & cains, by which
shoes of any size are formed from bar iron.
Fig. 1, front elevation of the machine.
་་
"
27
"
?, plan of the same (the top shaft removed).
3, partial side elevation of the sanie.
4, vertical section of the same through the centre from back to
front.
5, plan of the working parts detached from the machine.
6, plane projection of the faces of the cams.
A, A, standards of framework, carrying bearings for two parallel
shafts B, C, geared together by spur wheels D, D. The lower shaft B,

page_text: carries a die E, attached by a shank & secured by screw & nut, Fig. 4.
The face a, of the die E, forms portion of a cylinder, & the front
end b, of said face is made of the form of the interior outline of the
shoe to be formed, but the back part may be extended in the form of
the proper curves for the sides of the shoe till the two sides meet in a
point C. The face a, is surrounded by another face d, which is recessed
below it in the form of a rebate, of a depth equal to the intended
thickness of the shoe, & is of a width equal to width of iron composing
the shoe. The general outline of the face d, is nearly the same as that
of the face a, but terminates in a point c, in front to form a wedge to
force apart the bending arms & rollers herein-after described. The
upper shaft C, carries a die F, which is attached as E. The whole of
the face of the die F, forms a portion of a cylinder whose radius is
about equal fo the radius with which the face a, of the lower die is
described, & must be such that the face a of the lower die & the face
of the upper die are capable of revolving nearly or quite in contact.
The outline of the face of the upper die is the same as that of the
exterior of the face d, of the lower die, & the positions of the two dies
must be such, that when the two shaft revolve in opposite directions
at same speed the dies will always match as the pass each other.
At back of framing is cross piece G, fitting in slot f, of each standard,
& capable of adjustment either vertically or towards & from the shafts
& dies, by means of wedges, screws, or their equivalents. This cross
piece has a horizontal slot extending through it nearly its whole length,
to receive the back ends of the two bending arms II, II, which are
held in place by pins 9, 9, passing through them & the cross piece.
The bending arms H, H, are free to vibrate upon those pins 9, g.
The front end of each arm H, is slotted or forked to receive two
rollers h, h', rotating on arbors i, i, fitted vertically in the arms, &
standing side by side nearly between the axes of the two shafts B, C.
The rollers stand at such a height that their peripheries will work in
contact with the edges of both the dies E, F. The lower shaft B, has
near the inner sides of each standard A, a flange R, to the inner face
of which is bolted a forming piece I, by bolts 1, 1, passing through the
flange. Each forming piece, when attached to the flange, constitutes a
fam, & the working part of the face, which is the part from k to 1,

page_text: Figs. 5, &b, is of such form & occupies such a position that the
shaft is caused to revolve the periphery of the outer roller h', will keep
in contact with said face, & the periphery of the inner roller h, will
keep in contact with or at an uniform distance from & nearly in contact
with the edges of the dies. The face of the forming piece from 7:
to m, & from to n, may be of any form.
In front of shafts B, C, a cross piece K, is secured between the
standards A, A; & to this cross piece two rest pieces L, L, are secured
by bolts 0, 0, which pass through a slot in the cross piece to allow the
rests to be adjusted laterally. The rest pieces are of such form as to
make a horizontal rest for the pieces of bar iron from which the shoes
are to be made, & to extend nearly to the imaginary plane which would
pass through the axis of both shafts, and they are of such height as to
present the iron to be seized between the dies E, F. They have each a
raised rim p, on the outer side, & are always adjusted to bring the inner
faces of these rims at a distance apart equal to the length of the pieces
from which the shoes are to be made, & to bring both ends of the bar
placed upon them at equal distances froin the centres of the dies. They
must have space enough between them for the dies to pass through.
Suitable pieces of iron are heated, & each piece is placed upon the rest
L, L, far enough back to be seized between the face of the upper die &
that part of the face d, of the lower die which is in front of the part b,
of tho face a. When the piece of iron is seized it is carried backwards
by the dies until it is brought in cantact with the rollers h, h. Before
the dies arrive in contact with the rollers, the rollers have been brought
close together, or nearly so, by the first part k, m, of the cams; but
by the time the piece of iron comes in contact with them the points e,
of the dies enter between them, & immediately commences forcing
them apart. As the movement of the shafts continues, the rollers h, h,
are caused, by the action of the cams I, on the rollers h, h, and the
bending arms, to follow the shape of the dies, & bend the iron round
the raised part a, of the face of the lower die. The form is given to
the lower die, & to the
the inside of the shoe by the raised part a, of
outside by the rollers under the influence of the cams I, I. The
thickness of the shoe is regulated by the space between the face of the
top die and the recessed part of the face of the bottom die. This

page_text: space is commonly made greater towards the back of the shoe to make
the back parts the thickest; the same parts being made the narrowest
by making the forming pieces or faces of the cams approached nearer
to that part of the sides of the face a, which receives them. The shoe
thus formed remains on the lower die until the die comes under the
shaft, when it drops off.
On one side of the machine is a press M, for the purpose of grooving
& countersinking the face of the shoe. The piston N, of this press,
which carries the grooving & countersinking die, is actuated by a
cam o, on the shaft B, which operates on a lever P, connected with the
piston, so as to make the piston & die descend & ascend once during
every revolution of the dies.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 23rd March 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
AUGUSTE EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, of 16, Castle Street, Holborn,
(City,) London, Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the seven-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford,
Her special licence that I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux
Bellford, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to tinic and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed; should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention, communicated to me by a
foreigner residing abroad, for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANU-
FACTURING HORSE-SHOES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, by an instrument in

page_text: writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention. and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux
Bellford, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to say):
This Invention consists in a novel arrangement of dies, bending
armis, and cams, by which shoes of any desired size are formed from
bar iron of suitable length, width, and thickness.
The accompanying Drawing illustrates the Invention, representing a
machine constructed in accordance therewith. Fig. 1, is a front cleva-
tion of the machine. Fig. 2, is a plan of the same, with the top shaft
removed. Fig. 3, is a partial side elevation of the same. Fig. 4, is a
vertical section of the same through the centre from back to front.
Fig. 5, is a plan of the working parts detached from the machine.
Fig. 6, exhibits a projection of the faces of the cams out a plane.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several
Figures.
.
The framing of the machine consists of two strong standards A, A,
of cast iron or other suitable material, united and stayed by transverse
struts. These standards carry the bearings for two parallel shafts B,
and C, which are of great strength, and are geared together by spur
wheels D, D, of equal size at one end. The lower shaft B, carries a
die E, which is attached to it by a shank passing through it, and secured
by a screw and nut, as shown in Fig. 4. The face a, of the die E, forms
a portion of a cylinder, and the front end b, of said face is made of the
form of the interior outline of the shoe to be formed, but the back part
may be extended in the form of the proper curves for the sides of the
shoe till the two sides meet in a point c. The face a, is surrounded by
another face d. which is recessed below it in the form of a rebate of a
depth equal to the intended thickness of the shoe, and is of a width equal
to the width of the iron composing the shoe when the latter is finished,
The general outline of the face d, is nearly the same as the face a, but it

page_text: terminates in a point e, in front to form a wedge to force apart the bend-
ing arms and rollers herein-after described. The upper shaft C, carries
a die F, which is attached by the same means as E. The whole of the
face of the die F, forms a portion of a cylinder whose radius is about
equal to the radius with which the face a of the lower die is described.
This radius must be such, that the face a of the lower die, and the
face of the upper die, are capable of revolving nearly or quite in con-
tact. The outline of the face of the upper die is the same as that of
the exterior of the face d, of the lower die; and the positions of the two
dies must be such that when the two shafts revolve in opposite directions
at the same speed, as is rendered imperative by the gearing, when one
is caused to revolve the dies will always match as they pass each other.
At the back of the framing thero is a strong cross piece G, which is
fitted in a slotf, in each standard in such a way as to be capable of
adjustment, either vertically or towards and from the shafts and dies,
by means of wedges, screws, or their equivalents. This cross piece has
a horizontal slot extending through it nearly its whole length to re-
ceive the back ends of the two bending arms H, H, which are held in
place by pins g. 9, which pass through them and the cross piece. The
bending arms II, II, are free to vibrate upon these pins g, g. The front
end of each arm H, is slotted or forked to receive two rollers h, h', of
equal size, which are free to rotate upon arbors i, i, fitted vertically
in the arms and standing side by side very nearly between the axes
of the two shafts B, and C; the rollers stand at such a height that their
peripheries will work in contact with the edges of both the dies E
and F. The lower shaft B, has near the inner sides of each standard A,
a strong flange R, to the inner face of which is bolted a forming piece 1,
by bolts r, r, passing through the flange. Each forming piece when
attached to the flange constitutes a cam, and the working part of the
face, which is the part from k to 1, (see Figs. 5 and 6,) is of such form
and occupies such a position that if the shaft is caused to revolve the
periphery of the outer roller h', will keep in contact with the said face,
and the periphery of the inner roller h will keep in contact with or at
an uniform distance from, and nearly in contact with the edges of the
dies. The face of the forming piece from A to m, and from 1 to n, may
be of any form; generally it will only be necessary to inclino it back to

page_text: the flange. The object of making the detached forming pieces is to
enable cams of different form to be produced in a convenient manner.
In front of the shafts B. C, a cross piece k, is secured between the
standards A, A, and to this cross piece two rest pieces L, L, are sé-
cured by bolts 0, 0, which pass through a slot in the cross piece to
allow the rests to be adjusted laterally. The rest pieces are of such form
as to make a horizontal rest for the pieces of bar iron from which the
shoes are to be made, and to extend nearly to the imaginary planè
which would pass through the axes of both shafts, and they are of such
height as to present the iron to be seized between the two dies E,
and F. They have each a raised rim p, on the outer side, and are
always adjusted to bring the inner faces of these rims at a distance
apart equal to the length of the pieces from which the shoes are to be
made, and to bring both ends of the bar placed upon them at equal
distances from the centre of the dies. They must have space enough
between them for the dies to pass through.
Bar iron of proper size is cut into pieces of the proper length, or
pieces of iron of proper length, width, and thickness are formed in any
suitable manner, and then, after being heated to a suitable degree, each
piece is placed by an attendant upon the rest L, L, far enough back
to be seized between the face of the upper die, and that part of the
face d, of the lower die which is in front of the part b, of the face a.
When the piece of iron is seized it is carried backwards by the dies
until it is brought in contact with the rollers h, h. Before the dies
arrive in contact with the rollers, the rollers have been brought close
together or nearly so by the first part k, m, of the cams or forming
pieces; but by the time the piece of iron comes in contact with them
the points e, of the dies enter between them, and immediately comi-
inences forcing them apart. As the movement of the shafts continues,
the rollers h, h, are caused, by the action of the cams or forming pieces I
on the rollers h', h', and the bending arms, to follow the shape of the
dies, and bend the iron round the raised part a, of the face of the lower
die. The form is given to the inside of the shoe by the raised part a
of the lower die, and to the outside by the rollers under the influence
of the cains or forming pieces I, 1. The thickness of the shoe is regu-
Jated by the space between the face of the top die and the recessed part

page_text: of the face of the bottom die. This space is commonly made greater
towards the back of the shoe, to make the back parts the thickest; the
same parts being made the narrowest by making the forming pieces or
faces of the cams approach nearer to that part of the sides of the face a,
which receives them. The shoe thus formed remains on the lower die
until the die comes under the shaft, when it drops off.
On one side of the machine is a press M, which may be of any well-
known or suitable construction, for the purpose of grooving and
countersinking the face of the shoe. The piston N, of this press,
which carries the grooving and countersinking die, is actuated by a
cam ou the shaft B, which operates on a lever P connected with
the piston, so as to make the piston and die descend and ascend once
during every revolution of the dies. An attendant is in readiness with
tongs or suitable implements to pick up cach shoe as it falls from the
die, and place it upon the bed of the press M, where it is grooved and
countersunk while the dies are forming another shoe. The shoe is
then finished, ready to be fitted and have the calks turned by the
farrier. One pair of dies and cams will form shoes of one size only.
For different sizes different dies and cams will be used; for smaller
shoes, smaller dies and more prominent cams; and for larger shoes,
larger dies and less prominent cams.
Two or more sets of dies with double cams, or two sets of forming
pieces, may be used in the same machine.
I claim the arrangement of dies E, F, bending arms II, H, and
cams R, I, R, I, substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux
Bellford, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eleventh
day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-four.
A. E. LORADOUX BELLFORD. (LS.)