Improvements in the Manufacture of Tufted Pile Fabrics and in Looms Employed therein.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Dec., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 17th Sept., 1889-Accepted, 19th Oct.,
1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Tufted Pile Fabrics and in
Looms Employed therein.
We, THOMAS TEMPEST-RADFORD and EDWARD JAMES MORTON both of Kidder-
minster, in the County of Worcester, Trading under the firm or style of Morton and
Sons, Carpet Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of tufted pile
fabrics of the character known in England as the Royal Axminster carpet, and
relates to a method of working whereby the pattern is inade to show through on
the back of the fabric, and only half of the tight chain or warp is used, whilst
the loom employed in the manufacture of said fabrics is greatly simplified.
In carrying this invention into effect, the two shoots of weft, ordinarily forming
the back of the fabric, are dispensed with.
The method of working is as follows:-
Supposing the two warps are in a line, the pile bobbins descend, causing the tubes
thereof to pass through the warp; a shed is then formed below the tight chain or
warp and a shoot of weft passed in by the needle; this shoot is beaten up, after
which the dipping or rocking motion of the bobbins and tubes takes place and the
tufts are combed up to the face of the fabric; a shed is then formed above the
tight chain or warp and a shoot of weft passed in, which is then beaten up, after
which the operation is repeated as before explained.
In carrying this method of working into effect the loom is greatly simplified in the
following particulars. One heald less is used and instead of employing & treadle box
motions as before only are employed, thereby dispensing with two cams and four
levers and connecting rods.
Instead of employing, as heretofore, four motions of the lathe to each row of
tufts, only two beatings up are now used, and consequently only two taking up
motions instead of four.
Four needle cam motions are also dispensed with, namely, two for the insertion of
the needle, and two for binding or holding it during action of selvage shuttle.
There are also, only two finger motions for holding weft at selvage during insertion
of needle and only two weft eye motions instead of four as heretofore.
Four chain or warp motions are also dispensed with, namely, two for operating the
tight chain or warp, and two for operating the slack chain or warp.
Only two tension motions for weft are employed instead of four.
Only two selvage shuttle motions are used instead of four, and only two knife
motions are employed instead of four for taking weft loop off selvage shuttle and
keeping out selvage during return of weft needle.
Dated this 17th day of December 1882.
THOMAS TEMPEST-RADFORD.
EDWARD JAMES MORTON.
By Harris & Mills,
23, Southampton Buildings, Agents.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Tufted Pile Fabrics and in
Looms Employed therein.
We, THOMAS TEMPEST-RADFORD, and EDWARD JAMES MORTON, both of Kidder-
minster, in the County of Worcester, trading under the firm or style of Morton and
Sons, Carpet Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,
and to the figures and letters marked thereon :-
The invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of tufted pile
fabrics of the character known in England as the Royal Axminster Carpet in loomis
of the class shown and described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to
Sydney Pitt, No. 235 of the year 1877, and relates to a method of working whereby
the pattern is made to show through on the back of the fabric, and only half of
the tight or dead warp or chain is used, whilst the loom employed in the manufacture
of said fabrics is greatly simplified, whereby we are enabled to increase the speed of
the loom, whilst less power is required to drive the same, and there is less wear and
tear of the loom, consequent on fewer motions being given to the parts.
In carrying this invention into effect, the two shoots of weft ordinarily forming the
back of the fabric are dispensed with.
Figure 1 is a diagram representing a longitudinal section of a piece of carpet, showing
the course of the various yarns.
Figure 2 is a cross section of the two cams employed, a being that for operating
the heddle for the slack warp, and 6 being that for operating the tight or dead warp
or chain, and Figures 3 and 4 are face views respectively of the cams a and b. These
cams are, as heretofore, fixed on the cam shaft and rotate therewith.
Figures 5 and 6 are respectively a face view and an edge view of the cam employed
for lifting the weft threads into the eye of the weft inserting needle for the top shot,
and Figures 7 and 8 are respectively a face view and an edge view of the cam for causing
the tension fingers at the required time to put tension simultaneously on the two weft
thrends forming the top shot.
The method of working is as follows:-Referring to diagram Figure 1, A represents
the slack warp or chain, B the tight warp or chain, the tufts of pile yarn D the
weft threads binding in the tufts of pile, and inserted below the tight or dead warp or
chain, and E the weft threads inserted between the tufts of pile and above the tight
warp or chain.
The slack warp or chain is passed through a single heddle and the tight chain or
warp is passed through another single heddle, and the two aro acted upon by the
cams a and b in such manner as to cause them to act together to form sheds
for the passage therethrough of the weft threads D and E, but, on account of the
difference in tension put upon said warps, the slack warp A is caused to romain
alternately above and below the tight warp or chain B, which latter is held as
nearly straight as possible in the body of the carpet or other fabric.
Supposing the two warps A and B are in a line, that is to say, level, a pile
bobbin and tubes descend, causing the ends of tufts to be passed through the
warps; a shed is then formed below the tight chain or warp B by causing the
latter to rise and the slack chain or warp A to fall; a shoot of weft D is then
inserted by the needle, the lay beats up this shot, after which the dipping or rocking
motion of the bobbin and tubes takes place, and the ends of tufts are combed up
to the face of the fabric; the tight chain or warp B is then caused to fall and the
slack warp or chain A to rise, thereby forming a shed above the tight chain or
warp B, a double shot of weft E is then inserted by the weft inserting needle, the
lay beats up this shot and the heddles are then caused to bring the warps level, in
which position the disc cutter is caused to travel across the loom to cut off the

page_text: length of pile yarn to form the tufts, after which the operations are repeated in the
order described.
The double shot of weft E above the tight chain or warp, consists of two weft
threads, which are simultaneously raised, by means of the cam c, into position to enable
them to be both taken by the weft inserting needle, for which purpose the said cam is
made of the shape shown, so as to cause both weft threads to be held sufficiently high
at the required time to enable them to be both caught by the eye of the weft inserting
needle, and such double shot of weft E is employed to give greater body and
solidity to the carpet or other fabric and afford better security for binding in the
tufts of pile yarn.
The single shot of weft D inserted below the tight warp or chain is raised at
the required time to be taken by the weft needle by a cam of the ordinary construction.
Both of these cams are fixed, as is well understood, to a cam disc in the positions
required to enable them to operate at the proper times.
The cam d, figures 7 and 8, is formed of the same outline as the tension cam
ordinarily employed, but it is made of double the width or thereabouts to enable it to
act at the required time simultaneously on both tension fingers, so as to put tension on.
both weft threads when they are employed to form the double shot F above the tight
chain or warp, and such cam d, as also the ordinary tension cam for putting tension
on only one of the weft threads, are fixed, as heretofore, on a cam disc, but in such
positions as to cause such cams to operate either both tension arrangements or only
one of them at the required times.
The single shot of weft is inserted when the trucks or rollers of the treadle
lovers aro at the positions marked 1 on the cams, figures 3 and 4, and the double shot
of weft is inserted when said trucks or rollers are at the positions marked 2 on said
cams, the tubes carrying the tufting yarns are caused to descend through the warps at
the position marked 3, the comb acts to comb up the tufts through the warps at the
position marked 4, and the rotary cutter commences to shear off the tufts at the
position marked 5.
In carrying this method of working into effect, the loom is greatly simplified in
the following particulars.
One heald loss is used for each warp, that is to say, one is used for the slack warp
or chain and one for the tight warp or chain, and instead of employing eight treadle
box motions as before, that is to say, two treadle box motions for each of four cams
only four such motions are employed, thereby dispensing with two cams and four levers
and connecting rods.
Instead of employing, as heretofore, four motions of the lathe for beating up the
four weft threads formerly employed to each row of tufts, only two such beatings up
are now used as there are only two insertions of weft to each row of tufts, and
consequently only two taking up motions are now used instead of four.
Four weft needle cam motions are also dispensed with, namely, two for the insertion
of the needle, and two for binding or holding it during action of selvage shuttle ;
this is consequent on only two insertions of weft taking place to each row of tufts
instead of four as heretofore.
There are also only two finger motions for holding weft at selvage during insertion
of weft needle, and only two weft eye motions, instead of four as heretofore.
Four chain or warp letting off inotions are also dispensed with, namely, two for
operating the tight chain or warp, and two for operating the slack chain or warp.
Only two tension motions for weft are employed instead of four.
Only two selvage shuttle motions are used instead of four and only two knife
motions are employed instead of four for taking weft loop off selvage shuttle, and
keeping out selvage during return motion of weft needle.
In arranging the loom for weaving the improved fabric herein described, we have
altered the cams as little as possible, that is to say, in addition to the cams a. b. c. d.
hereinbefore described, we merely modify the forms of the other cams used for
producing the ordinary four shot carpet or other fabric by removing or by filling up
those parts which are not required in the production of our improved fabric, such, for

page_text: instance, as the cam for giving motion to the weft inserting needle, in which we fill up
the spaces corresponding with the two shots which are dispensed with, in order to
prevent any motion to the weft inserting needle at such times, and the cam for giving
the beating up motion to the lay, from the disc of which we remove the two cams
which correspond to the two shots of weft we now dispense with; the cams other than
those herein before described, are similarly altered.
By these means the loom can be readily arranged to work either as an ordinary four
shot loom, or to one working in the manner herein described.
We have not thought it necessary to give drawings of the various cams employed
for producing the above described motions, as the alterations required therein can be
readily made by a competent mechanic aided by the method of working hereinbofore
described, and by the description of the cams hereinbefore given.
The various working parts of the loom are constructed and arranged in the usual
and well known manner, except that the number of motions and their order of
working, and consequently the cams, are modified as herein described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. In weaving tufted pile fabrics known as Moquette or Royal Axminster, the use
of only one slack warp and one tight warp, and a shoot of weft above the tight warp
and one below the same, the latter shoot serving to bind in the tufting, threads and
being held down by the tight warp, as herein shown and described.
2. In weaving tufted pile fabrics known as Moquette or Royal Axminster as heroin-
before described, the employment of a loom modified as herein described whereby
great simplicity of construction and operation are obtained.
Dated this 17th day of September 1889.
THOMAS TEMPEST-RADFORD.
EDWARD JAMES MORTON.
By Harris & Mills,
23, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents.