IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENING TIRES ON WHEELS."
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Dugald Drummond, of Cowlairs House, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENING TIRES ON WHEELS."
of
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENING TIRES ON WHEELS.'
Sealed the 23rd November 1875, and dated the 31st May 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Dugald Drummond
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 31st May 1875.
I, DUGALD DRUMMOND, of Cowlairs House, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of tho
said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENING TIRES ON WHEELS," to be
as follows:
66
This Invention, which relates chiefly although not exclusively to
railway wheels, has for its object the fastening of the tires in an
improved but simple manner, which does not involve the least weakening
of either the tire or the wheel frame, and which is such that the tire
cannot leave the wheel even when fractured.
In carrying out the Invention the rim of the wheel frame is formed
with a projecting rib on its outer side, which rib fits a groove formed in

page_text: the inner face of a flange extending inwards from the corresponding
part of the tire. The inner sides of the rim and tire are formed each
with a cylindrical groove, and into the two grooves are fitted cylindrical
flanges formed on the inner and outer parts of an otherwise flat ring
which acts as an annular clip, clamping the tire to the wheel frame.
The various parts are all carefully turned in the lathe so as to fit
accurately together, and when the clip ring is put in its place the metal
of the tire at the outer edge of the groove is hammered or rivetted over
the ring at a sufficient number of points to prevent its displacement.
The clip ring is by preference made in one piece, and when required
to be got over an axle is cut through at one part and the ends aro
temporarily sprung apart. When a new tire is required the parts
holding in the clip ring are turned or cut away, leaving the clip ring
quite fit for use again.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Dugald Drummond in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 26th November 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DUGALD
DRUMMOND, of Cowlairs House, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Dugald Drummond, Her special
licence, that I, the said Dugald Drummond, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Dugald Drummond,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENING TIRES ON WHEELS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Dugald Drummond, my executors

page_text: or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Dugald Drummond, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement in writing, reference being had to
the accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
My said Invention, which relates chiefly although not exclusively to
railway wheels, has for its object the fastening of the tires in an
improved but simple manner, which does not involve the least
weakening of either the tire or the wheel frame, and which is such that
the tire cannot leave the wheel frame even when fractured.
My Invention consists essentially in the use of a cylindrically flanged
clip ring embracing cylindrical ribs on the rim of the wheel frame and
on the tire. A clip ring of this kind is more easily fitted and placed,
and when necessary removed, than clip rings heretofore used for the
same purpose, and when it is in its place it completely prevents tho
separation in a radial direction of the tire or any part of the tire whilst
it is easily fixed in its place.
And in order that my said Invention and the manner of performing
the same may be properly understood, I hereunto append a Sheet of
explanatory Drawings, to be herein-after referred to, and showing my
improved mode of fastening wheel tires.
Figure 1 of the Drawings is a section, as taken through the rim R of
a wheel frame W, and through the tire T, as fixed on the rim. The
rim R is formed with a cylindrical rib a on its outer side, or in other
words the outer side of the rim is grooved or rebated so as to leave the
rib a projecting at the outer corner, and this rib a fits a groove 6 formed
in the inner face of a flange d extending inwards from the corresponding
part of the tire T. The inner sides of the rim R and tire Tare formed
with cylindrical grooves e, f, leaving ribs g, h, to the outer side of one
and to the inner side of the other, and into the two grooves e, f, are
fitted cylindrical flanges j, k, formed on the inner and outer parts of an

page_text: otherwise flat ring C which acts as an annular clip, clamping the tire T
to the rim R of the wheel frame W. I have the fitting surfaces of
the rim R and tire T, and the ribs and grooves a, b, d, e, f, g, h, all
carefully turned in the lathe so as to fit accurately together, and I also
intended to have the clip ring C similarly turned; but I find this ring
can be made of a sufficiently accurate form by rolling. When the clip
ring C is put in its place the metal of the tire T is hammered or rivetted
over the ring C, as shown at m in the Figure at a sufficient number of
points round the tire to prevent the displacement of the ring.
When the rim R of the wheel frame W is comparatively narrow I
have the parts shaped as shown in Figure 2, and in such cases I make
the rib g of the rim R of a slightly dovetailed form, and I further secure
the clip ring C by hammering its inner flange j to catch on the rib g at
various points round the wheel.
I make the clip ring C, by preference in one piece, and when it has
to be got over an axle it is cut through at one part, and the ends are
temporarily sprung apart. When a new tire is required the parts m
holding in the clip ring C are turned or cut away, leaving the ring quite
fit for use again.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, I have to state that what I claim as secured to
me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the fastening
of tires on wheels by applying a cylindrically flanged clip ring, in the
manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Dugald Drummond, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of November,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
D. DRUMMOND. (L.S.)