Improvements in the Manufacture of Hoops or Buckles for Springs.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Dec., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 10th Sept., 1894-Accepted, 3rd Nov., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Hoops or Buckles for Springs.
We, THOMAS HURDLEY, HENRY GREEN and THOMPSON JOWETT, all of
Grange Lane Forge, in the Parish of Ecclesfield, County of York, Manufacturers,
do hereby declare the nature of our said invention to be as follows:-
The object of our invention is to improve the manufacture of metallic hoops or
buckles used on laminated springs such as are employed for railway rolling stock
and the like purposes.
Hoops for this purpose vary considerably in form and are known by designations
which to some extent indicate such variation in form, as for example, there are lug
hoops, single lug hoops, double lug hoops, and double double lug hoops, there are
socket hoops, tail hoops, pap hoops, flange hoops, box and plain hoops, and as the
mechanical portion of our invention is applicable in the manufacture of any of
these hoops a description of it as applied to a double double lug hoop will suffice.
Such a hoop as generally made is formed of two sides and two U shaped dabs
one such dab being placed between the two sides at each end forming a box cavity
in the middle with two lugs or double eyes at each end. The sides are first sheared
or speared to the desired size and shape and the U shaped dabs are bent from iron
of uniform thickness and the several parts are then placed together and having
been raised to a welding heat are manipulated on suitable mandrils either on a
smiths anvil or under a steam hammer.
By our improved method although in some cases we build up the hoop as above
described, instead of manipulating the hoop with the ordinary appliances on a
smiths anvil or under a steam hammer, we employ specially designed tools and
appliances by which the hoop may be more quickly manipulated in the forging and
smithing process than is the case by the method previously described.
Our improved tools and appliances consist of a pair of top and bottom dies which
are placed in the hammer and anvil or press in the ordinary way employed in
steam hammer or press tools. The dies are made to receive the hoop sideways so
that when the pressure is brought to bear it is in the direction for closing the
welds between the side plates and the U shaped dabs. In conjunction with these
dies we employ mandrils to fit into the spaces between the U shaped dabs and into
the centre cavity of the hoop, such mandrils corresponding to the finished sizes of
those parts. These mandrils are held and actuated by an arrangement of
mechanism by means of which, when the hoop is brought from the furnace it is
entered upon the centre and end mandrils which have been previously placed into
the proper position for receiving it. When so entered upon the mandrils by means
of the mechanism berein previously mentioned the end mandrils are drawn up tight
towards the centre mandril which closes the U shaped dabs tight onto the centre
mandril; this having been accomplished by means of other portions of the
mechanism we are able to turn the hoop over into the bottom die, at the same time
the centre mandril and the two end mandrils are lifted and turned with the hoop.
into the proper position to receive the pressure from the top tool, when the hoop
has been thus manipulated by means of the same mechanism it can be again lifted
out of the bottom die, reversed, and re-entered into the die, so that the other side
of the hoop may be submitted to the action of the top tool and during this process
the bottom die may be cleansed.
In order that the top and bottom tools may be brought face to face, we provide
recesses for the handles or connections between the mandrils and the mechanism
herein referred to.

page_text: The arrangement of dies, tools and mechanism herein mentioned can be applied
either in a steam hammer, power bammer, hydraulic or other form of press and the
tools may be worked either vertically, horizontally, diagonally or at any other
convenient angle.
As a further improvement in the construction of lug hoops instead of making
the shaped dabs of material of uniform thickness we employ material which has
been previously forged, stamped, rolled or otherwise formed of thick and thin
portions so arranged that the thick part is of sufficient width to fill up the space
between the two side plates and the thin parts to form the portions to weld to the
side plates.
The process herein described relates to a hoop which requires two end mandrils
as well as a centre 'mandril in its manipulation, in other classes of hoops we only
employ one end mandril with a centre mandril, and again in some classes of hoops
we only employ the centre mandril, but in all these cases we employ portions of the
mechanism herein described.
Amongst the advantages of our improved method are the following, more rapid
execution of the work by which a hoop may be finished at one heat and also more
effectively welded, and by the employment of the mechanism for actuating the
mandrils a greater uniformity of shape, size and weight is obtained.
Dated this 8th day of December 1893.
R. HEBER RADFORD,
Agent for the Applicants.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Hoops or Buckles for Springs.
We, THOMAS HURDLEY, HENRY GREEN, and THOMPSON JOWETT, all of
Grange Lane Forge, in the Parish of Ecclesfield, County of York, Manufacturers,
do hereby declare the nature of our said invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The object of our invention is, to improve the manufacture of metallic hoops or
buckles used on laminated springs such as are employed for railway rolling stock
and the like purposes.
Hoops for this purpose vary considerably in form and are known by designations
which to some extent indicate such variation in form, as for example there are lug
hoops, single lug hoops, double lug hoops, and double double lug hoops, there are
socket hoops, tail hoops, pap hoops, flange hoops, box and plain hoops; und as the
mechanical portion of our invention is applicable in the manufacture of any of
these hoops, a description ° of it as applied to a double double lug hoop will
suffice..
...Such a hoop as generally made is formed of two sides and two U shaped dabs,
one such dab being placed between the two sides at each end, forming a box cavity
in the middle, with two lugs or double eyes at each end. The sides are first sheared or
speared to the desired size and shape and the U shaped dabs are bent from iron
of varying or uniform thickness and the several parts are then placed together and
having been raised to a welding heat are manipulated on suitable mandrils either
on a smiths anvil or under a steam hammer.
By our improved method although in some cases we build up the hoop as above
described, instead of manipulating the hoop with the ordinary appliances on a
smiths anvil or under a steam hammer we employ specially designed tools and
appliances by which the hoop may be more quickly manipulated in the forging and
smithing process than is the case by the method previously described.
Our improved tools and appliances consist of a pair of top and bottom dies which

page_text: are placed in the hammer and anvil or press in the ordinary way employed in
steam hammer or press tools. These dies are made to receive the hoop sideways
so that when the pressure is brought to bear it is in the direction for closing the
welds between the side plates and the U shaped dabs. In conjunction with these
dies we employ mandrils to fit into the spaces between the U shaped dabs and into
the centre cavity of the hoop, such mandrils corresponding to the finished sizes of
those parts. These mandrills are held and actuated by an arrangement of
mechanism by means of which when the hoop is brought from the furnace it is
entered upon the centre and end mandrils which have been previously placed into
the proper position for receiving it. When so entered upon the mandrils by means
of the mechanism herein previously mentioned, the end mandrils are drawn up
tight towards the centre mandril which closes the U shaped dabs tight onto the
centre mandril, this having been accomplished by means of other portions of the
mechanism we are able to turn the hoop over into the bottoni die, at the same time
the centre mandril and the two end mandrils are lifted and turned with the hoop
into the proper position to receive the pressure from the top tool, when the hoop
has been thus manipulated; by means of the same mechanism it can be again
lifted out of the bottom die, reversed on the mandrills by hand and then re-entered
into the die by the mechanism previously described so that the other side of the
hoop may be submitted to the action of the top tool and during this process the
bottom die may be cleansed.
In order that the top and bottom tools may be brought face to face we provide
recesses for the handles or connections between the mandrils and the mechanism
herein referred to.
The arrangement of dies, tools and mechanism herein mentioned can be applied
either in a steam hammer, power hammer, hydraulic or other form of press and the
tools may be worked either vertically, horizontally, diagonally or at any other
convenient angle.
As a further improvement in the construction of lug hoops instead of making
the U shaped dabs of material of uuiform thickness we employ material which has
been previously forged, stamped, rolled or otherwise formed of thick and thin
portions so arranged that the thick part is of sufficient width to fill up the space
between the two side plates and the thin parts to form the portions to weld to the
Bide plates.
The process herein described relates to a hoop which requires two end mandrils as
well as a centre mandril in its manipulation, in other classes of hoops we only employ
one end mandril with a centre mandril, and again in some classes of hoops we only
employ the centre mandril, but in all these cases we employ portions of the
mechanism herein described.
Amongst the advantages of our improved method are the following more rapid
execution of the work by which a hoop after the sides and U shaped dabs have
been put together may be welded and finished at one heat and also more effectively
welded and by the employment of the mechanism for actuating the mandrils a
greater uniformity of shape, size and weight is obtained.
The nature of our invention will be better understood on reference to the
accompanying two sheets of drawings in which,
Fig. 1, Sheet, 1, is a front elevation of the anvil block with top and bottom anvils
of a steam hammer fitted with a pair of dies for forging a double, double lug
hoop and shewing the arrangement of the tools and appliances for effecting the
same.
Fig. 2, is a plan looking on the bottom anvil and die shewing a hoop, (shaded
black,) with the centre and two end mandrils in position ready for being turned
over into the die.
Fig. 3, is a front elevation shewing the position of the tools and appliances when
the hoop with the mandrils have been turned over into the bottom die and ready
to receive the blows from the top die.
Fig. 4. is a plan of the come

page_text: Fig. 5, Sheet, 2, is an end elevation shewing the arrangement of the tools and
appliances for closing up the two end mandrils after the heated hoop has been
placed on the centre mandril.
Fig. 6, is a side elevation of the bottom anvil tool shewing how it is formed to
receive the die and to carry the lever pins which actuate the mechanism.
Fig. 7, is a side elevation to an enlarged scale of one of the mandril tumblers.
Fig. 8, is a plan of the same.
Fig. 9, is a side elevation to an enlarged scale of one of the arms which carry
the radius pin of the mandril tumbler and by means of which the side mandrils
may be adjusted.
Fig. 10, is a plan of the same.
'
Fig. 11, is a side elevation also to an enlarged scale of a double, double lug hoop,
shewing how the separate parts are placed together ready for welding.
Fig. 12, is a plan of the same.
The same letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.
a and b, are a pair of top and bottom dies.
A, is a hoop..
c, c, are the mandrils which fit into the spaces between the U shaped dabs of
the hoop.
d, is the mandril which fits into the centre cavity of the hoop.
e, e, are the mandril tumblers by means of which the hoop is turned over into the
bottom die, b.
ff, are cotters by means of which the mandrils are secured to the tumblers, e, e.
g (Fig. 4,) is a bar which passes through the shank of the centre mandril, d,
and by which it is carried when the hoop is turned over by the tumblers e, e.
h, h, are arms which carry the radius pins i, i of the mandril tumblers e, e,
and by means of which the side mandrils c, c, may be adjusted and closed
inwards.
j,j, are sliding pins fitting in the hole, k, in the bottom anvil tool on which the
arms h, h, are keyed.
1, is a hand lever with a crosshead, m, connected to the arms h, h, by the links n, n,
and
and by the movement of which the arms h, h, on the pins jj, the tumblers e, e,
the mandrils c, c, are closed inwards and outwards.
ó, is a hand lever carried on the pin p, and connected by the short levers q, q,
and links, r, with the tumblers e, e, and by means of which the hoop A, as
illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 may be turned over into the die, b, as illustrated
in Figs. 3 and 4.
s, and t, are radius rods or links supported from a pin, u, by means of which the
motion of the turnover gear is supported and regulated and the arm, h, is actuated
so as to lift the spring hoop vertically out of the die, and thereby prevent the
same jambing in the die through the radial motion of the tumbler, e.
v, v, (Figs. 11 and 12) are the sides of the hoop.
w, to, are the two U shaped dabs.
is the box on vit
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is,
1. In the manufacture of hoops or buckles for springs, manipulating the same
in the forging and smithing processes by means of specially designed tools and
appliances in the manner and for the purposes substantially as herein described and
illustrated.
2. In tools and appliances for manipulating hoops or buckles for springs, in the
forging and smithing processes, the arrangement and combination of parts and
appliances by means of which the hoop when brought from the furnace may be
held, secured and adjusted on the mandrils, turned over into the bottom die with

page_text: the mandrils in position and after being manipulated can be again lifted out of the
bottom die, reversed, and re-entered into the bottom die for further manipulation
in the manner and for the purposes substantially as herein described and
illustrated.
Dated this 8th day of September 1894.
R. HEBER RADFORD,
Agent for the Applicants.