IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING POWER
Year: 1840

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Moses
POOLE, of Lincoln's Inn, in the County of Middlesex, gentleman, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Seventh day of January, in the third year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Moses
Poole, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I,
the said Moses Poole, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Moses Poole, my exors, adiiors, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING POWER," communicated to me by a
certain foreigner residing abroad; in which said Letters Patent is contained
a proviso, that I, the said Moses Poole, shall cause a particular description of
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Moses Poole, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention so com-
municated to me from abroad, and the manner in which the same is to be

page_text: performed, are particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the figures and letters marked thereon (that is to say):-
The Invention consists in obtaining power by means of an apparatus, the
arrangement of which consists of a series of blades or surfaces fixed in an
oblique direction to an axis, which axis is made to revolve, and consequently
to carry them round at any velocity required, the atmosphere acting as the
point of resistance, whereby I am enabled to obtain a great power, which may
be employed for propelling boats, carriages, &c.
First, the point of resistance will be found to be in the atmosphere, and
that will be sufficient to produce the motion required. It will be seen here-
after that the power will be found to be equally available in the water; but it
is only when in operation in the atmosphere that it is perfectly new in its
application and quite different from the others, which require the aid of the
ground or water as a point of resistance to obtain the same result. To act
successfully the machine or apparatus should be completely surrounded with
the atmosphere in which it is working. I will illustrate this by the wheels of
a steam boat, which are alternately plunged in the water and in the air; if,
they were wholly immersed in water or wholly immersed in the air, they would
not produce any desirable result. My apparatus, on the contrary, should be
placed entirely in the air or in the water to produce its proper effect; but when
it is required to act in the water, the form and material of its construction
should be regulated accordingly. It will be found as ineffective (when
working partly in the air and partly in the water) as the wheels of the steam
boat would be by working in the atmosphere only, the essential principle of
this power being wholly immersed in the matter which acts as the point of
resistance. The Archimedes screw acts upon this principle, but the construstion
of it is very different from this Invention.
Again, it turns round an axis parallel to the line of draft in a similar manner
to the position of the wheels of a steam boat or a carriage, which makes a
right angle with the line of motion. The essential character of this Invention
is the arrangement of a series of flat blades placed in oblique positions to the
surfaces which pass through the axis of the apparatus. These blades or
surfaces may be made of metal, wood, or any suitable material; the obliquity
of the position may be varied from one to eighty-nine degrees, according to
the power of wind you have to act against, whether it is fair or foul, or
whether this apparatus is to be used in water. The number of these blades
may be varied from two to twelve, according to the size of the machine; they
may be placed two or three together, if required. The size of these blades.

page_text: must depend upon the power required; they may be fixed together by any of
the usual means. The axis on which these blades or surfaces are fixed, may
be put in motion by a steam engine or any other power, and the effect will be
that the atmosphere, pressed against at the same time by the whole of these
blades, will resist, and it forms the opposing medium of the pressure of each
surface, the exact points of resistance according to the extent and position,
and consequently will become the resisting oblique surface in relation to the
blades which pass through the axis of the apparatus. Each surface being in
the same position of obliquity, and pressing with force against the air, will
cause a great resistance, the principle of the inclined plane will produce a
perpetual pressure of the surfaces which each of its sides will describe in the
air in a similar way to the Archimedes screw. These blades may be placed two
by two, or three together, meeting at the axis of the apparatus, and each surface
will furnish an oblique force in relation to the axis, in the same number of
degrees as the surfaces themselves, and the resisting air of the combination
of the oblique blades. The axis of the machine will be in proportion to the
size of the machine to the number of the blades, and to the greater or less
inclination of them, and to the rapidity with which the axis is put in motion.
This apparatus may be applied to move any description of vessel, either
floating in the air or in the water; the size of the blades must be diminished,
and the obliquity of them must be increased. This may be also applied for
drawing carriages upon the railroads. I do not claim
any peculiar construction
of vessels wherein this apparatus may be placed; but what I claim as the
Invention communicated to me is, the apparatus herein described, to obtain
power by the using the atmospheric air as the point of resistance.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents a front view of the apparatus or machine; Figure 2
is a perspective view of the same Figure. a is the axis around which the
blades or surfaces revolve, which produces the desired movement of the body
required to be put into motion; b, b, are the blades or surfaces shewn in the
Drawings, to the number of eight, and placed two by two, but the number
can be varied and placed in a different position; c, d, are the uprights for
supporting the apparatus to the vessel to which it is attached.
In witness whereof, I, the said Moses Poole, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Third day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and forty.
MOSES
(L.B.) POOLE.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Third day of July, in the
year of our Lord 1840, the aforesaid Moses Poole came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Seventh day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and forty.