IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GRINDING OR SHARPENING THE CARD TEETH OF CARDING ENGINES FOR CARDING FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Brown, the younger, of the Town and
County of Selkirk, North Britain, Manufacturer, and Simeon Bathgate,
of the same Place, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GRINDING OR SHARPENING THE CARD TEETH OF
CARDING ENGINES FOR CARDING FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Sealed the 27th October 1859, and dated the 2nd September 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Brown, and
Simeon Bathgate at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 2nd September 1859.
We, WILLIAM BROWN, the younger, of the Town and County of Selkirk,
North Britain, Manufacturer, and SIMEON BATHGATE, of the same Place,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GRINDING OR SHARPENING THE CARD
TEETH OF CARDING ENGINES FOR CARDING FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows,
that is to say:-
This Invention relates to mechanical arrangements for keeping sharp the
card teeth or carding wires of carding engines employed in carding or treating
and preparing fibrous materials of various kinds. In carrying out these
arrangements in actual practice upon a carding engine, such, for example, as
is used for carding wool, a grinding roller is fitted up to work in suitable
bearings in the lower part of the carding engine framing at the back. This
roller is actuated by suitable bands or gearing from the ordinary movements of
the carding engine, and being placed so that its periphery touches the wires on

page_text: the main cylinder, the wires or card teeth are thus properly ground and kept
sharp. The proper grinding of the card teeth is thus effected, without
interfering with the action of the "fancy," which is usually employed for
sharpening the teeth, and hence the operation of the "fancy" is confined to
the raising of the wool on the main cylinder :-The grinding roller may be
disposed in various situations in the carding engine framing, but, of course, it
must always operate upon the main cylinder at a part where the wool is
removed from the teeth or wires. In the other arrangement for sharpening
the teeth or wires on the "workers" there are bars or strips of wood or
other material covered with emery, or other sharpening material disposed in
between the cards on the strippers, so that the working action of the teeth or
wires upon the "workers" or carding rollers against the emery coating keeps
the teeth or wires sharp and in good working order, and without injury to the
teeth on the strippers.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Brown and Simeon Bathgate in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 2nd March 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
BROWN, the younger, of the Town and County of Selkirk, North Britain,
Manufacturer, and SIMEON BATHGATE, of the same Place, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said William Brown, the younger, and Simeon Bathgate, Her special
license that we, the said William Brown, the younger, and Simeon Bathgate,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
William Brown, the younger, and Simeon Bathgate, our executors, adminis-
trators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
GRINDING OR SHARPENING THE CARD TEETH OF CARDING ENGINES FOR CARDING
FIBROUS MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said

page_text: William Brown, the younger, and Simeon Bathgate, by an instrument in
writing under our bands and seals should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Brown, the younger, and
Simeon Bathgate, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say :-
Our said Invention relates to mechanical arrangements for keeping sharp
the card teeth or carding wires of carding engines employed in carding or
treating and preparing fibrous materials of various kinds. In carrying out
one of these arrangements in actual practice upon a carding engine, such, for
example, as is used for carding wool, a grinding roller is fitted up to work in
suitable bearings in the lower part of the carding engine framing at the back.
This roller is actuated by suitable bands or gearing from the ordinary move-
ments of the carding engine, and being placed so that its periphery touches
the wires on the main cylinder; the wires or card teeth are thus properly
ground and kept sharp. The proper grinding of the card teeth is thus
effected without interfering with the action of the "fancy," which is usually
employed for sharpening the teeth, and hence the operation of the "fancy" is
confined to the raising of the wool on the main cylinder. The grinding roller
may be disposed in various situations in the carding engine framing, but, of
course, it must always operate upon the main cylinder at a part where the
wool is removed from the teeth or wires. In the other arrangement for
sharpening the teeth or wires on the "workers" there are bars or strips of
wood or other material covered with emery or other sharpening material
disposed in between the cards on the strippers, so that the working action of
the teeth or wires upon the "workers" or carding rollers against the emery
coating keeps the teeth or wires sharp and in good working order and without
injury to the teeth on the strippers.
And in order that our said Invention of improvements in machinery or
apparatus for carding and treating or preparing fibrous materials may be pro-
perly understood, we shall now proceed to describe certain modifications
under which our improvements may be judiciously carried out in practice,
that is to say-
⚫ Under one modification of our improvements, the framing and general
arrangement of the moving parts of the carding engine remain unaltered..

page_text: To the lower longitudinal rail of the framing, and near the periphery of the
main carding cylinder, are fitted pedestal or other suitable bearings, in which
is carried the spindle of a roller of wood or other material. This roller
extends across the machine parallel to the main cylinder, its periphery being
adjusted so as to be in contact with the points or extremities of the teeth or
wires of the cylinder. The roller is, by preference, formed of wood carefully
built on iron rings; or it may be made wholly of iron, its periphery being
coated with emery or other abrasive substance suitable for grinding or
sharpening the points of the carding teeth. This roller may be driven by
means of the strap or endless band which gives motion to the "fancy" and
strippers," or in any other convenient manner. The sharpening roller is
fitted up at the back of the main cylinder, so that the "fancy" serves merely
to raise the wool or other fibrous material on the main cylinder; the fibrous
material is then stripped off by the doffer. In this way, as the main cylinder
moves round, the carding teeth or wires are brought in a comparatively clear
state to the grinding or sharpening roller, and by its rotatory movement they
are effectually sharpened, the speed of the grinding roller being properly
adjusted for this purpose.
Under another modification of our improvements, the teeth or wires of the
"workers" and other rollers of carding machinery are kept in a highly
efficient state by automatic means. In this modification the ordinary
"strippers" and angle strippers, which are arranged above the h, in cylinder,
and in immediate contiguity to the workers, and in-take or bicast roller,
and middle doffer, are constructed with a strip or strips of wood arranged at
intervals on their peripherics. The strips of wood extend from end to end
of the strippers, the surfaces of the wood being slightly higher than the
extremities of the card teeth; the surfaces of the wood are covered with
emery or other abrading material. The cards are arranged in the usual
manner for sheet cards, and the strips or fillets fill up the intervening spaces
about one inch in width between the cards. One strip or fillet is in general
sufficient on each of the strippers, but more may be used if they are considered
necessary, especially in the case of angle strippers, which work upon the
in-take roller or upon the middle doffer in addition to the "worker." With
this arrangement, as the "strippers "work in concert with the workers and
the other rollers herein-before mentioned; the rapid passage of the emery-
covered strips of wood in contact with the teeth or wires of the cards causes
these to be maintained in a most efficient state. With these improvements
the carding operation, which forms an important feature in the preparation of
fibrous materials, is effected in a very superior manner, and the inconvenience.

page_text: and loss of time arising from the dullness or wearing down of the card teeth
are wholly avoided, and defective work occasioned by the "stoppers" getting
out of order. Strips or fillets of wood covered with emery, as described, may
also be used between the cards on the "fancy," for the purpose of keeping
the cards on the main cylinder sharp and smooth, instead of the separate
grinding roller described, but we prefer using the grinding roller, as being
more efficient, for the purpose.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, we would observe in conclusion that what we consider novel' and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
First, the general arrangement and construction of machinery or apparatus
for carding wool and other fibrous materials, in which self-acting means are
used for sharpening the cards simultaneously with the working of the machine,
as herein-before described.
Second, the system or mode of arranging and constructing carding machinery
or apparatus with a grinding or roughened roller, working in conjunction with
the main cylinder, and serving to sharpen and keep in an efficient state the
teeth of the cards thereon, as herein-before described.
Third, the system or mode of arranging and constructing the rollers of
carding machinery or apparatus, technically known as "strippers" with strips
or lengths of wood, the surfaces of which are coated with emery, for the
purpose of sharpening the teeth of the cards on the contiguous workers or
other rollers, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Brown, the younger, and
Simeon Bathgate, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Twenty-eighth day of February, One thousand eight hundred and