IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUNDS DESIGNED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENTS OR ARTIFICIAL STONE, CAPABLE ALSO OF BEING USED AS AN ARTIFICIAL FUEL
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to The Reverend Granville Hamilton Forbes, of
Broughton Rectory, in the County of Northampton, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUNDS DESIGNED FOR THE MANUFACTURE
OF CEMENTS OR ARTIFICIAL STONE, CAPABLE ALSO OF BEING USED AS AN
ARTIFICIAL FUEL "
Sealed the 16th January 1874, and dated the 20th November 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the Reverend Granville Hamilton
.
Forbes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 20th November 1873.
I, The Reverend GRANVILLE HAMILTON FORBES, of Broughton
Rectory, in the County Northampton, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUNDS DESIGNED FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF CEMENTS OR ARTIFICIAL STONE, CAPABLE ALSO OF BEING USED AS
AN ARTIFICIAL FUEL," to be as follows:-
My said Invention relates to improvements upon former Inventions
described in the Specifications of Letters Patent, No. 1816, bearing date
the 19th day of May A.D. 1873, and No. 1832, bearing date the 20th
day of May A.D. 1873.

page_text: According to these Inventions I intimately mix the foul or refuse
lime of gas works with chalk or limestone and coal tar, or the tar
produced in the distillation of a mixture of coal and bitumen, or mineral
tar, or natural pitch.
According to my present Invention I intimately mix the foul or
refuse lime of gas works or the equivalent thereof with coal tar, or peat
tar, or wood tar, or mineral tar, or pitch, or any similar bituminous
substance, or with a combination of any two or more of them, and with
chalk or limestone or any combination of the two, either with or without
petroleum or similar hydrocarbon oil, and with or without vegetable or
animal oil or fat or fatty matter.
I further improve upon my aforesaid former Inventions by using
water in every case to bring about an intimate mixture of the foul lime
and the chalk or limestone in the mortar mill.
$
In carrying my said Invention into practise I proceed as follows :—I
bring about an intimate combination of the foul lime with the chalk or
limestone (or any combination of the two) and the tar or pitch or similar
bituminous substance; I then press or otherwise form the compound
into blocks or pieces of any convenient size or shape; it is then ready
to be used for the manufacture of cement or artificial stone or for fuel;
it is thoroughly burnt and afterwards reduced to a fine powder; it is
then ready for use as a cement or for making artificial stone. The
proportions that I use will vary considerably. I may use in 100 parts
of the foul lime and the chalk or limestone (or any combination of the
two) any per centage of foul lime that will yield not less than ten per
cent. of sulphate of lime in the calcined compound. The proportion of
the tar, pitch, or similar bituminous substance will vary according to
circumstances.
"
I sometimes combine the foul lime with the tar or pitch or other

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the Reverend Granville Hamilton Forbes in the Great Seal
Potant Office on the 10th Mar 1971.
filed by the Reverend Granville Hamilton Forbes in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 10th May 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, The Reverend
GRANVILLE HAMILTON FORBES, of Broughton Rectory, in the County of
Northampton, send greeting.
:
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
seventh year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Granville Hamilton Forbes, Her special
licence that I, the said Granville Hamilton Forbes, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Granville Hamilton
Forbes, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term ther ein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN COMPOUNDS DESIGNED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENTS OR
ARTIFICIAL STONE, CAPABLE ALSO OF BEING USED AS AN ARTIFICIAL FUEL,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Granville
Hamilton Forbes, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing, under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar month's
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Granville Hamilton Forbes, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :---
My Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of the
compounds described in the Specifications of my former Letters Patent,
No. 1816, bearing date the 19th day of May, and No. 1832, bearing date
the 20th day of May A.D. 1873.

page_text: According to those Inventions I make use of the foul lime of gas
works in combination with coal tar or the tar produced in the distillation
of a mixture of bitumen and coal together, in the case of the last-named
Invention (No. 1832) with chalk or limestone (or chalk and limestone)
for the purpose of producing a compound or compounds for the manu- 5
facture of "lime cement or plaster" (No. 1816), or cements or
artificial stone (No. 1832) capable also in both cases of being used as
an artificial fuel.
"
According to my present Invention I make use of the foul lime of
gas works or of soap and chemical works in combination with coal tar, 1
or peat tar, or wood tar, or mineral tar, or pitch, or any similar
bituninous substance, or with a combination of any two or more of
them, and with chalk or limestone or any combination of the two, either
with or without petroleum or similar hydrocarbon oil.
I sometimes use the foul lime with the tar or pitch or similar 1
bituminous substance above specified with or without petroleum or
similar hydrocarbon oil, without the chalk or limestone.
The compound produced by this Invention may be burnt simply as
fuel without reference to any use of its residue, or it may be burnt as
fuel with the ultimate object of obtaining a valuable residue, or it may 2
be burnt simply for the manufacture of cement.
In carrying into practise the first part of my present Invention I
intimately mix the foul or refuse lime of gas works or of soap and
chemical works with chalk or limestone, and coal tar, or peat tar, wood
tar, or mineral tar, or pitch, or any similar bituminous substance.
2
Various means for effecting this mixture may be employed, but I
prefer the following, that is to say, I grind the foul lime and the chalk
or limestone in a mortar mill with sufficient water to form the compound
into a paste; it is then dried, either by artificial heat or without such
heat, and reground with the tar or similar bituminous substance herein- 3
before specified. The proportion of tar or bituminous substance will be
usually about from one-third (%) to one-half () by weight of the other
materials, but I do not restrict myself to this proportion. The pro-
portions of the foul lime and the chalk or limestone will vary con-
siderably, according to circumstances.
I sometimes use two parts of foul lime to one part of chalk or
limestone, and sometimes one part of foul lime to two parts of chalk or
3

page_text: limestone. I consider it important to use in every hundred parts of
foul lime and chalk or limestone any per-centage of foul lime which will
produce in the calcined compound ten (10) per cent. or more of sulphate
Instead of chalk or limestone I sometimes use a combination or.
mixture of chalk and limestone, the proportion of the two being varied
according to circumstances.
When these materials are thoroughly amalgamated I form the com-
pound into blocks or pieces of any convenient size or shape, either by
hand or by machinery; or before taking the said compound from the
mill I compress it by the action of the mill and cut it into pieces of
suitable size in the same; it is then ready for burning, either for the
manufacture of cement, or artificial stone, or as fuel; it will burn freely,
but a small quantity of coal or other fuel may if desired be used with it;
it may be burnt either in an open grate or close stove, or in a kiln or
furnace, but in any case where it is desired to make use of the residue
as cement care must be taken not to overburn it. When sufficiently
burnt the compound is reduced to a powder, and is then ready for use as
cement or for making artificial stone.
According to the second part of my Invention I use the foul lime
only (without chalk or limestone) with the above specified tar or pitch
or similar bituminous substance for the purpose of making a compound
for the manufacture of cement, capable also of being used as an artificial
fuel. I employ two methods of carrying this part of my Invention into
practice, by the first of these methods I combine the foul lime with the
tar or bituminous substance by the process of absorption. I take the
pieces or lumps of foul lime, and having dried them thoroughly by a
moderate artificial heat I place them in a suitable vessel or receptacle
containing the tar or bituminous substance, where I allow them to
remain until they have absorbed enough of the liquid for my purpose.
After they are taken out of this vessel or receptacle the excess of tar or
similar bituminous substance is allowed to drain from them; they are
then ready for burning, either as fuel or for the manufacture of cement,
but it will be well to allow them to season for a time before using
them.

page_text: According to the other of my methods of combining the foul lime and
the tar or bituminous substance I dry the foul lime and then intimately
mix it with from about one-third to one-half by weight of the tar or
other bituminous substance, and thoroughly amalgamate the two
substances. I do not however restrict myself to these proportions of tar
or bituminous substance.
Various means may be employed for mixing the foul lime with the
tar or bituminous substance. I use any convenient means, but I prefer
to employ for this purpose one of Anderson's patent breeze and tar
fuel machines, by which after the materials have been thoroughly
amalgamated the compound is formed into pieces of a convenient size
and shape; it is then ready for use as fuel or for the manufacture of
cement; it will burn readily alone, but if desired it may be burnt
together with coke or other fuel. When burnt in a kiln or furnace care
should be taken not to overburn it. After having been sufficiently
burnt it is reduced to a fine powder, and is then ready for use as
cement.
-
In the above described process the foul lime is used dry, but I
sometimes adopt the following process:-I grind the foul lime in a
mortar mill with sufficient water to form it into a paste. This paste is
afterwards dried either by artificial heat or without such heat, and when
dry is reground and mixed in the mill with the proportion of tar above
specified. When thoroughly amalgamated the compound is cut out of
the pan of the mill in pieces.
When pitch is used in the above process it is rendered liquid by
heat.
In some cases I mix with the tar or pitch or similar bituminous
substance (before mixing it with the foul lime and chalk or limestone,
or with the foul lime and chalk and limestone, or with the foul limo
alone, as above specified) a certain quantity of petroleum or similar
hydrocarbon oil in the proportion of about from one-half part to four
parts of the oil to sixteen parts of the tar or pitch or similar bituminous
substance. I do not however always confine myself to these limits.
Having thus fully described my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I wish it understood that I claim,―
First. The compound, consisting of the aforesaid foul lime in com-
bination with chalk or limestone (or chalk and limestone), and the

page_text: aforesaid tar or similar bituminous matter as herein set forth and for the
purpose specified.
Second. The compound, consisting of the aforesaid foul lime in com-
bination with chalk or limestone (or chalk and limestone), and the
aforesaid tar or similar bituminous matter with petroleum or similar
hydrocarbon oil, as herein set forth and for the purpose or purposes
specified.
Third. The compound, consisting of the aforesaid foul lime in com-
bination with the tar or similar bituminous matter, and without any
other of the above-mentioned substances, as herein set forth and for the
purpose or purposes specified.
Fourth. The compound, consisting of the aforesaid foul lime in com-
bination with the aforesaid tar or similar bituminous matter and
petroleum, or similar hydrocarbon oil, and without the chalk or lime-
stone, as herein set forth and for the purpose or purposes specified.
.
In witness whereof, I, the said Granville Hamilton Forbes, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of May, in
the year of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-
four.
0
Witness,
"GRANVILLE HAMILTON FORBES. (L.S.)
HENRY LAMB,
Solicitor,
Kettering.