Improvements in or applicable to Ovens or Kilns for Firing -Pottery Ware and the like.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 13th July, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 9th Apr., 1896-Accepted, 9th May, 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or applicable to Ovens or Kilns for Firing -Pottery
Ware and the like.
I, WILLIAM ILLINGWORTH, of 17, Blurton Road, Fenton, Stoke-on-Trent, in
the County of Stafford, Potter's Manager, do hereby declare the nature, of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in or applicable to ovens or kilns for
firing pottery ware of all kinds, bricks, tiles, quarries and glass.
Pottery ovens or kilns in use at the present time are generally cylindrical in form
and have a number (varying from eight to twelve) of furnaces or fireplaces arranged
round them, flues reaching from the same to the centre of the kilns or ovens. This
number of furnaces renders the firing of pottery ware very expensive,., whilst
difficulty is experienced in firing all parts of the oven uniformly thereby frequently
causing considerable loss to the manufacturer.
Now according to my invention I form the oven or kiln of one or more chambers
of annular or other suitable shape in plan and arranged round a single furnace or
fireplace (which may be divided or not as desired): flues radiating from the same to
the chamber or chambers.
I provide the several flues and the top or tops of the chamber or chambers with
suitable dampers and air-bricks for regulating the heat and for shutting, off the
passage of heat to any particular part of the oven without interfering with the
rest of the same.
It will be obvious that by the employment of one furnace in lieu of several
I effect a considerable saving in fuel and that I can heat the oven. more uniformly
than hitherto possible.
I may sometimes employ gaseous fuel in my improved oven as the form of the
latter is suitable therefor.
1
With my arrangement of oven I can fire more ware at a time than in an ordinary
oven covering the same ground area.
Improvements in or applicable to Ovens or Kilns for Firing Pottery
; Ware and the like. .
$
I WILLIAM ILLINGWORTH, of 17, Blurton Road, Fenton; Stoke-on-Trent, in
the County of Stafford, Potter's Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in, or applicable to ovens or kilns for
firing pottery ware of all kinds, bricks, tiles, quarries and glass.
Pottery ovens or kilns in use at the present time are generally cylindrical in form
ΓΗ
1م

page_text: and have a number (varying from eight to twelve) of furnaces or fireplaces arranged
round them, flues reaching from the same to the centre of the kilns or ovens.
This
number of furnaces renders the firing of pottery ware very expensive, whilst
difficulty is experienced in firing all parts of the oven uniformly, thereby frequently
causing considerable loss to the manufacturer.
Now, according to my invention, I form the oven or kiln of one or more chambers
of annular or other suitable shape in plan and arranged round a single furnace or
fireplace (which may be divided or not as desired) flues radiating from the same to
the chamber or chambers.
I provide the several flues and the top or tops of the chamber or chambers with
suitable dampers and air-bricks for regulating the heat and for shutting off the
passage of heat to any particular part of the oven without interfering with the
rest of the same.
To enable my invention to be fully understood I will describe it by reference to
the accompanying drawings, in which :-
Figure 1 is a vertical section of the lower portion of an oven constructed
according to my invention:
Figure 2 is a section on the line 2-2 of Figure 1:
Figure 3 is a vertical section of a square kiln made according to my invention :
Figure 4 is a horizontal section on the line 4-4 of Figure 3:
Figure 5 is a horizontal section on the line 5-5 of Figure 3.
I will first describe my invention with reference to Figures 1 and 2. a is the
chamber, shewn annular in shape in which the ware is fired, and is the central
furnace or fireplace around which the said chamber is arranged. c, c are the flues
radiating from the central furnace or fireplace b, each of the said flues being divided
under the annular chamber a into three branches d, e, f. These branches or
flues d, e, f all open into a rear vertical passage or flue g which passes up into the
chamber a as shewn clearly in Figures 1 and 2. The central branches e are made
for a part of their length wider than the other two d and f and are each provided
with an enlargement underneath the centre of the floor of the annular chamber a
which communicates with the said chamber through an opening in the floor of
the same.
j,j are the dampers in the main radial flues c, c for regulating or shutting off the
passage of heat to any particular part of the oven.
k is a passage by means of which access can be had to the furnace for feeding the
same. From this passage k openings 1, 1 are made into the annular chamber a to
enable the attendants to enter the same. m is a flue for conducting air to the
furnace or fireplace b.
It will be obvious that with this arrangement of central furnace, flues and
dampers, the amount of heat going to every part of the chamber a can be well
regulated so that overfiring or underfiring of the ware is avoided.
Figures 3, 4 and 5 are views showing ny improvements applied to a square kiln.
In this case the fireplace or furnace 6 passes right through the kiln and three
chambers a, a, a are employed which extend through the kiln as shewn in Figures 3
and 4. The hot products of combustion pass from the furnace into the flues c, c
from which passages c³, c¹ conduct them around, instead of into the chambers a, a
as in the first described arrangement.
n, n are bricks placed at the bottom of the vertical passages or flues c¹, c¹ to
obstruct the flow of the hot gases into the same. k, k are the openings into the
furnace at both ends of the kiln as shewn, and 1, are the openings into the
chambers a, a; 0,0 are dampers arranged at the upper ends of the chambers a, a.
It will be obvious that by the employment of one furnace in lieu of several,
I effect a considerable saving in fuel and that I can heat the oven more uniformly
than hitherto possible. I can also in my improved oven fire more ware at a time
than in an ordinary oven covering the same ground area and by properly regulating
the distribution of the heat evolved in the furnace I can fire biscuit, glost and
enamelled ware at the same time.

page_text: may sometimes consume gaseous fuel in my improved oven or kiln as the form
of the furnace and oven is suitable therefor.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. An oven or kiln, for firing pottery ware and the like, having one or more
chambers arranged around a single furnace or fireplace from which flues radiate to
the said chamber or chambers, substantially as described.
2. The improved oven for firing pottery ware and the like hereinbefore described
and illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
3. The improved kiln for firing pottery ware and the like hereinbefore described.
and illustrated in Figures 3, 4 and 5 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated the 7th dox of A1 1900
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.