Improvements in Candle-making machines
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 16th June, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 15th Mar., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 20th Apr.. 1889
1 JAMES MARTIN STORRAR of 70 Wellington Street Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, Scotland, Oil and Grease Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
Improvements in Candle-making machines, whereby candles can be made with an
outer-coating of different material or materials or of same material but of different
quality from that of the main body of the candle, by means of a core of one material or
mixture being first formed and thereafter a coating of a different material or mixture
being formed thereon.
The moulds of my machine are carried down through the bottom of the cooling box
and a travelling tube of the thickness which the outer-coating of the candle is desired
to be and of the length of the candle required is fitted into each mould and is raised
and lowered by means of a ratchet or otherwise, the cone travelling inside the moveable
tube in the ordinary way. The manner of use is as follows vizt. The travelling tubes
are raised to the top of the moulds, when the material or mixture which is to form the
cores of the candles is run in and when it has sufficiently solidified, the travelling
tubes are withdrawn by being lowered and the cones and candle-cores lowered the
distances necessary to give the points and bottoms of the candles the desired thickness
of outer-coating, thus forming an annular space surrounding each candle-core into
which the other material or mixture is run and when it is sufficiently solidified the
candles are raised into the clamps as in the most approved machines presently in use
or by any other suitable means. My invention can be readily applied to existing
machines.
1000

page_text: 1, JAMES MARTIN STORRAR, of 70 Wellington Street, Glasgow, Lanarkshire
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of my invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and
to the letters and figures marked thereon; that is to say :-
This Invention has reference to and comprises improvements in candlemaking
machines, whereby candles, such as of solid paraffin or other wax, can be made with an
outer coating or enamel of different material or materials, or of the same material but
of different or cheaper quality from that of the main body of the candle, by means of a
core or body part of one material or mixture being first formed, and thereafter a coating
of a different material or mixture, or of the same material but of different quality or
colour being formed thereon.
According to my improvements the moulds are carried down open through the
bottom of the cooling box, and a travelling tube or mould of the thickness which the
outer coating of the candle is desired to be and of nearly the same length as the outer
or stationary moulds is fitted into each outer mould and is raised and lowered by means
of a ratchet or otherwise, the tip mould or cone travelling inside the movable tube
mould in the ordinary way. The manner of use is as follows viz. :-The travelling
moulds or tubes are raised to the top of the stationary moulds, when the material or
mixture which is to form the cores of the candles is run in and when it has sufficiently
solidified the travelling moulds or tubes are withdrawn by being lowered and the tip
moulds lowered the distance necessary to give the points of the candles the desired
thickness of outer-coating, thus forming an annular space surrounding each candle
core so made, into which the other or outer enamel material or mixture is run and
when it is sufficiently solidified the candles are raised into the clamps by the moving
upwards of the internal tip spindle as in the most approved machines presently in use.
My invention can be readily applied to existing machines.
And in order that my said Invention, and the manner of performing or carrying the
same into effect or practice may be properly understood, I have hereunto appended an
explanatory Sheet of Drawing, in which the same reference letters are used to indicate
corresponding parts in all the figures where shown. Figure 1 is a sectional side
elevation of part of a candle making machine, showing three of the longitudinal sets or
rows of my new or improved moulds, or annular tubes A, B, C, in section, for making
the body parts of the candles, and also for forming a new outer coating on same of a
different material, or of the same material but of a different quality or colour, all in
accordance with my improvements. And Figure 2 is a sectional end elevation or
transverse section corresponding to Figure 1 showing four sets of the longitudinal rows
of the new or improved moulds or series of annular tubes A, B, C), as arranged in one
cooling chamber D, and main gutter E on top of same. And Figure 3 is a detached

page_text: sectional elevation of one set of the new moulds or annular tubes A, B, C, to an
enlarged scale from that shown in Figures 1 and 2, to show the details of construction
more clearly than can be shown in these figures.
Referring to these Drawings:-The new or improved moulds consist of three
annular vertical tubes A, B, C, namely an outer main mould tube A and intermediate
movable mould tube B and an inner tip forming and movable mould tube C, each
preferably of a slightly tapering shape as hereinafter described, although they might
he parallel. The outer tube A is secured fluid tight and stationary in the upper and
lower webs D¹ D¹ of the cooling box or chamber D, which is filled with circulating
water or other cooling liquid or medium, and this tube mould A is made very smooth
inside and tapers widest fowards the top for the removal of the finished candle. The
second or intermediate annular tube B, within which the core or body part a of the
candle is formed, is made movable within the outer tube A and parallel on the outer
circumference to the diameter of the lower part of the outer tube, and of an annular
thickness equal to the enamel to be put on the candle, while the inner circumference
is made slightly tapered, widest towards the top, for being easily removed downwards
off the core formed within it, as will hereinafter be described. The inner small annular
tube C is also made movable, so that it can be raised from its position near the web
frame D, to elevate the finished candle into the ordinary gripping clamps G, G',
ranged above the gutters E, F, for pouring in the hot wax. This inner annular tube C
is made of an inverted cone or tapering shape on its upper end to form the tip or point
of the candle to a tapering shape; and the candle wick a" is passed through the inner
tube C, and the intermediate tube B from the usual supply bobbin or barrel situated
on a frame below. In these Figures the ordinary gutter E. formed on the top of the
cooling chamber D, is by these improvements used for casting or pouring in the outer
covering or enamel wax a¹ round the core or body parts a of the candles; and the
body part a is poured into the metal tubes B from an upper raising and lowering
gutter F, for the whole set of mould, with angled fillers or spouts F¹ leading to each
mould B, preferably having their lower parts F formed in two halves and hinged in
rows on longitudinal spindles F, and perforated in the bottom for the liquid wax to
pass through, and carried on brackets on the underside of the gutter F, having a
handle F3 at the one end of one of the spindles F2, coupled by levers and toggle
links F, F, to actuate the other spindles F2 and halves F" of the fillers F1 to
close the fillers parts when the gutter F is lowered or raised on its guides f,
secured to the rails G2, of the columns G; and which raising and lowering may be
done by cranks or cams at each end under the wooden clamps G, G, which are carried
on the columns G, and cross bearers G2, at the extreme ends. In Figure 1, the first
set 1 - 1 of moulds or tubes A, B, C, are shown in position for forming the core or
hody part a of the candle, the liquid paraffin or composition being fed into the inter-
mediate tubes B through the hoppers or spouts F" in the lower part of the movable
gutter F which is lowered as stated inside the top projecting part of the tube B, for
pouring in the wax a through the small holes or gates in the bottom of the filler, the
whole of the moulds B being simultaneously filled with the liquid paraffin to form the
core or body part a of the candles. When the hot paraffin has cooled and solidified
within all the tubes B, the filler F is raised, and these tubes B are simultaneously
lowered by the drawing down of the bar B₁ to which they are secured, to the position
shown at 4---4 Figure 1, leaving the space b for the enamel paraffin a to be inserted ;
and the inner tubes & are also lowered by their bar C¹ the small distance necessary for
the tip mould or part c to give the points of the candles the desired thickness of the
outer coating as shown at e¹ in the position 2, 2, Figure 1. The outer material a¹ is
then run into the outer annular tube A in a hot state from the stationary gutter or
chamber E, and forms a coating a¹ preferably about of an inch thick round the
whole surface of the body part a of the candle, as shown fully formed in the
position 3, 3, Figure 1, and in Figure 3. The movable gutter F is shown raised
sufficiently high enough to bring the fillers F" slightly above the level of the side of
the stationary gutter E and opened up to permit the candles to be passed up into the
clamps G G as shown dotted-in in this position at 2--- - 2 and 3. -3 Figure 1 and on
----
110

page_text: the two left hand moulds in Figure 2; while in the two moulds on the right hand side
of Figure 2 the gutter F and fillers F1 F11 are shown as down ready for pouring the
wax a into the central core tube B. As shown full size in Figure 3 A, the tip mould
part of the inner annular tube C, which shapes the tip c¹ of the candle, is made of
thin spring metal, in sectional or segmental overlapping parts, of an inverted conoidal
shape, so as to have an elastic or expanding action to remain in close contact with
each other and with the inner surface of the intermediate tube B, when this is made
slightly tapered, to prevent the escape of the molten wax, but when the tube B is
made parallel this conoidal part c may be solid. After the coating or enamel a¹ is
cast and cooled on all the cores a and the gutter F raised as stated and shown at 2, 3
in Figure 1, and to the left in Figure 2, a scraper or scraping knife is as usual run
along the upper inner surface of the gutter E to smooth off the ends of the candles,
the clamps G G¹ with the finished candles having been previously removed.
The lower board C with all the inner tubes C, c, and also the intermediate tubes B
by their board B₁ are then all pressed up, so as to push the finished candles out of
the moulds A into the clamps G G¹ which are opened for that purpose, and then
closed to grip the candles by their end hinged clamps g, drawing the fresh wick a² off
their bobbins ranged below in the machine; after which the bar C¹ and inner set of
tubes C, c, would be drawn down to the position shown at 1---1, Figure 1, within the
intermediate tube B, ready for pouring in a new set of cores a all as hereinbefore
described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is :-
First. The construction or general arrangement and combination of the parts of the
moulds and fittings of candle making machines substantially as and for the purposes
herein described in reference to and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Second. In candle making machines the process, or mode and means, of making
candles first with a core or body part and then with an outer coating of different
material or materials, or of the same materials but of different quality or colour, from
the body part, in moulds, substantially as herein described, in reference to and shown
in the accompanying Drawings.
Third. In candle making machines the arrangement or combination of three annular
moulds or tubes for first making the core or body part of candles and then forming
an outer coating or enamel on same of different or like material and having the inner
tube or stem through which the wick passes with a sectional conoidal elastic tip for
forming the point of the candle on its upper end, substantially as and operated in the
manner herein described in reference to and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth. In candle making machines, the construction of moulds with an inner
annular or tubular mould for casting the core or body part equal in thickness to and
removable from within the outer mould for forming or casting an enamel part round
the core, substantially as and operated in the manner herein described, in reference to
and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow,
Agents.