IMPROVED COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS OF MATERIALS FOR USE IN PLACE OF LEATHER AND FOR ELECTRICAL INSULATION ENABLING IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELECTRIC CONDUCTORS
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Maurice Bauer and Louis Brouard and Jacques Ancel
all of Paris in the Republic of France for an Invention of IMPROVED
COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS OF MATERIALS FOR USE IN PLACE OF LEATHER
AND FOR ELECTRICAL INSULATION ENABLING IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF ELECTRIC CONDUCTORS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Maurice Bauer, Louis
Brouard, and Jacques Ancel at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on
the 26th October 1882.
MAURICE BAUER and LOUIS BROUARD and JACQUES ANCEL all of Paris in
the Republic of France "IMPROVED COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS OF MATERIALS
FOR USE IN PLACE OF LEATHER AND FOR ELECTRICAL INSULATION ENABLING
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELECTRIC CONDUCTORS
"
Our improved compounds or preparations of material for use in place of leather
and for electrical insulation consist of gutta percha vulcanized with sulphur the
said gutta percha being used either pure or mixed with other matters the nature
and quantity of the added matters being such as will produce with the guita
percha when vulcanized a substance or material having the colour specific gravity
sonorousness and degree of hardness or of elasticity required for the purpose to
which the said substance or material is to be applied.
In vulcanizing gutta percha we mix therewith sulphur and subject the mixture
to beat and steam pressure the process being the same as or analogous to that by
which caoutchouc is vulcanised. The other matters which we mix with the gutta
percha are cotton wool or other like fibrous substance zinc white culcathar and
oxide of antimony. The proportions in which the said matters are used vary
according to the purpose to which the resulting product is to be applied.
The following are the proportions in which the said matters may be used in

page_text: order to produce a material suitable for use in substitution for leather in the
mauufacture of soles and heels for boots and shoes.
Gutta percha
Sulphur
-
-
60 parts by weight
-
18 parts by weight
Cotton wool or other like fibrous matter
-
20 parts by weight
Zinc white
10
Colcothar
Oxide of antimony
12 parts by weight
2 parts by weight
5 parts by weight
In this mixture the gutta percha serves as the base of the product and is
indispensable. The sulphur serves as the vulcanizing agent and is also indispensable.
The cotton wool or other like fibre gives great consistency to the body and resistance
to wear through friction. When these qualities are not required the said cotton
wool or other tibre need not be used. The zinc white is used to give weight to
the product and may be replaced by whiting sulphate of baryta or other chalky
matter The coleothar is also used to give weight to the product and to colour it
and may be replaced by ochre or ochrous earth or vermillion or othe mineral
powder according to the colour and specific gravity required The oxide of
antimony is used to assist the operation of vulcanizing (which it does by combining
with the sulphur) and also to give to the product the natural colour of leather.
For the latter purpose it is indispensable but when the product is not required to
have the said colour the oxide of antimony may be dispensed with. When
however it is not used the quantity of sulphur must be increased.
It will thus be seen that the ingredients used and the proportions in which they
are used must be varied according to the properties required in the resulting
product but that in all cases gutta percha and sulphur are indispensable ingredients
and that in some cases gutta percha and sulphur may form the sole ingredients of
-the compound.
We term the compounds or preparations of materials manufactured-as-herein-
before described "vegetable leather."
Our improvements in the manufacture of electric telegraph cables by the use of
this product are as follows:-
1- We cover the core of the cable with a coating consisting of gutta percha
and sulphur or gutta percha and sulphur and other matters which when vulcanized
produce the vegetable leather hereinbefore described and we wrap bands of cotton
or other textile material spirally around the said coating and over the said bands
we wind or coil metal wires spirally and in a direction opposite to that in which
the bands of cotton are wound the several coils of wire being in close contact
and forming a complete envelope of metal within which when the covering is
completed the insulating mixture is vulcanized by placing a coiled length of cable
in an ordinary vulcanizing boiler and submitting it to the action of heat. By this
method of manufacture no special mould is required in vulcanizing the insulating
material of the cable the envelope of metal wire constituting a substitute for the
mould.
The covering of the core of the cable with the insulating material and the
covering of the latter with the cotton bands and with wire are effected by means
of suitable machines.
The advantages attending the use in the manufacture of electrical telegraph
cables of the insulating material herein before described are complete freedom from
injury by damp and sea water and infusibility at the highest temperatures of the
hottest countries and the advantages resulting from the vulcanization of the
insulating material within the wire covering are complete absence of air bubbles
in the insulating coating the vulcanization expanding the insulating material and
causing any air which may be in the said material to be forced out through the
spiral outer covering of wire and perfect adhesion between the conductors and the
in-ulating material is produced by the slight chemical decomposition of the copper
conductors during the process of vulcanization

page_text: "to heat and steam pressure the process being the same as or analogous to that
by which caoutchouc is vulcanized. The other matters which we mix with the
"gutta percha are cotton wool or other like fibrous substance zinc white colcothar
"and oxide of antimony. The proportions in which the said matters are used
vary according to the purpose to which the resulting product is to be applied.
"The following are the proportions in which we use the said matters in order to
"produce a material suitable for use in substitution for leather in the manufacture
"of soles and heels for boots and shoes.
« Gutta percha
"Sulphur
"Cotton wool or other like fibrous matter
"Zinc white
"Colcothar
"Oxide of antimony
60 parts by weight.
18 parts by weight.
20 parts by weight.
12 parts by weight.
2 parts by weight.
5 parts by weight.
"In this mixture the gutta percha serves as the base of the product. The
sulphur serves as the vulcanizing agent. The cotton wool or other fibre gives
great consistency to the body and resistance to wear through friction. The zinc
"white is used to give weight to the product and may be replaced, by wbiting
sulphate of baryta or other chalky matter. The colcothar is also used to give
"weight to the product and to colour it and may be replaced by ochre or ochrous
"earth or vermillion or other mineral powder according to the colour and specific
gravity required. The oxido of antimony is used to assist the operation of
vulcanizing (which it does by combining with the sulphur) and also to give
"to the product the natural colour of leather.
f
"It will thus be seen that the proportions in which the ingredients are used.
"must be varied according to the properties required in the resulting product.
"We term the compound or preparation of materials manufactured as herein-
"before described " vegetable leather."
"Our improvements in the manufacture of electric telegraph cables by the use
"of this product are as follows:-
"We cover the core of the cable with a coating consisting of a mixture of gutta
percha and sulphur and the other matters which when vulcanized produce the
"vegetable leather hereinbefore described and we wrap bands of cotton or other
"textile material spirally around the said coating and over the said bands we wind
or coil metal wires spirally and in a direction opposite to that in which the bands
"of cotton are wound the several coils of wire being in close contact and forming
a complete envelope of metal within which when the covering is completed the
insulating mixture is vulcanized by placing a coiled length of cable in an ordinary
vulcanizing boiler and submitting it to the action of heat. By this method of
"manufacturo no special mould is required in vulcanizing the insulating material
"of the cable the envelope of metal wire constituting a substitute for the mould.
The covering of the core of the cable with the insulating material and the
covering of the latter with the cotton bands and with wire are effected by means
"of suitable machines.
"
"The advantages attending the uso in the manufacture of electrical telegraph
"cables of the insulating material hereinbefore described are complete freedom from
"injury by damp and sea water and infusibility at the highest temperatures of the
"hottest countries and the advantages resulting from the vulcanization of the
"insulating material within the wire covering are complete absence of air bubbles
"in the insulating coating the vulcanization expanding the insulating material and
"causing any air which may be in the said material to be forced out through the
spiral outer covering of wire and perfect adhesion between the conductors and the
insulating material is produced by the slight chemical decomposition of the copper
"conductors during the process of vulcanization.
RE
42
"If desired the wire covering may be covered or conted with other materials in
"order to protect the metal from injury.

page_text: ་་
"
te
"The vulcanized product shas' the great advantage of not being spoiled in the
case of too great resistence in the cable when too strong currents heating the core
are passing this material not melting even at the temperaturo of red hot iron.
Having thus described the nature of our invention and the manner in which it
" is to be performed we wish it to be understood that we claim as our said Invention
" of
An improved compound or preparation of materials for use in place of leather
" and for electrical insulation enabling improvements in the manufacture of electric
" conductors."
"
"First The product obtained by the vulcanization with sulphur of gutta percha
"in admixture with other matters substantially as hereinbefore described.
"
Secondly The use of the material herein before termed vegetable leather for
"the insulation of electric telegraph cables.
"
Thirdly The method herein before described of manufacturing electric telegraph
"cables or electric conductors that is to say covering the core of an electric
" conductor with an insulating coating consisting of a mixture of gutta percha and
sulphur and other matters and covering the said coating with bands of cotton or
"other textile material and metal wires and then vulcanizing the said insulating
I coating of the core substantially as hereinbefore described."
"
In witness whereof we the said Maurice Bauer and Louis Brouard and Jacques
Ancel have hercunto set our hands and seals this tenth day of August in the
year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
I hereby grant my Fiat giving leave to the above named Maurice Bauer, Louis
Brouard and Jacques Ancel, to file in the Office of the Commissioners of Patents 35
with the Specification to which the same relates the above written Disclaimer
and Memorandum of Alteration. Dated this 18th day of August 1883.
.
FARRER HERSCHELL

page_text: We term the compounds or preparations of materials manufactured as herein-
before described "vegetable leather"
Our improvements in the manufacture of electric telegraph cables by the use of
this product are as follows:-
According to one method of manufacture we cover the core of the cable with a
coating consisting of a mixture of gutta percha, and sulphur or gutta percha and
sulphur and other matters which when vulcanized produce the vegetable leather
herein before described and we wrap bands of cotton or other textile material
spirally around the said coating and over the said bands we wind or coil metal
wires spirally and in a direction opposite to that in which the bands of cotton aro
wound the several coils of wire being in close contact and forming a complete
envelope of metal within which when the covering is completed the insulating
mixture is vulcanized by placing a coiled length of cable in an ordinary vulcanizing
boiler and submitting it to the action of heat. By this method of manufacture no
special mould is required in vulcanizing the insulating material of the cable the
envelope of metal wire constituting a substitute for the mould.
The covering of the core of the cable with the insulating material and the covering
of the latter with the cotton bands and with wire are effected by means of suitable.
machines.
The advantages attending the use in the manufacture of electrical telegraph
cables of the insulating material herein before described are complete freedom from
injury by damp and sea water and infusibility at the highest temperatures of the
hottest countries and the advantages resulting from the vulcanization of the
insulating material within the wire covering: are complete absence of air bubbles
in the insulating coating the vulcanization expanding the insulating material and
causing any air which may be in the said material to be forced out through the
spiral outer covering of wire and perfect adhesion between the conductors and the
insulating material is produced by the slight chemical decomposition of the copper
conductors during the process of vulcanization.
If desired the wire covering may be covered or coated with other materials in
order to protect the metal from injury.
According to another method of manufacture we cover the core of the cable
with a coating consisting of a mixture of gutta percha and sulphur and other
matters which when vulcanized produce the vegetable leather herein before described
this process being carried out by means of suitable machinery. The coated core
is then covered with lead in an ordinary lead press and placed in a vulcanizing
boiler and vulcanized to the degree required the lead covering acting as a mould.
The vulcanized product has the great advantage of not being spoiled in the case
of too great resistance in the cable when too strong currents heating the core are
passing this material not melting even at the temperature of red hot iron.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention and the manner in which it
is to be performed we wish it to be understood that we claim as our said Invention
of "Improved compounds or preparations of materials for use in place of leather
and for electrical insulation enabling improvements in the manufacture of electric
conductors."
First The product herein before described obtained by the combination of gutta
percha and sulphur by the process known as vulcanization.
Secondly-The product obtained by the vulcanization with sulphur of gutta
percha in admixture with other matter or other matters substantially as hereinbefore
described.
Thirdly The use of the material herein before termed vegetable leather for the
insulation of electric telegraph cables.
Fourthly The method hereinbefore described of manufacturing electric telegraph
cables or electric conductors that is to say covering the core of an electric con-
ductor with an insulating coating consisting of a mixture of gutta percha and
sulphur or of gutta percha and sulphur and other matters and covering the said

page_text: coating with bands of cotton or other textile material and metal wires and then
vulcanizing the said insulating coating of the core substantially as hereinbefore
described.
Fifthly The method herein before described of manufacturing electric conductors
with an insulating coating consisting of a mixture of gutta percha and sulphur or
of gutta percha and sulphur and other matters and covering the said coating with
a coating of lead and then vulcanizing the said insulating coating of the core
substantially as before described.
In witness whereof I the said Maurice Bauer have hereunto set my hand
and seal this twentieth day of April in the year of our Lord one thousand
eight hundred and eighty three.

page_text: DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to be
entered by the said Maurice Bauer and Louis Brouard and Jacques Ancel
pursuant to the Statutes in that case made and provided.
"
WHEREAS since the filing of the specification of the Letters Patent granted to
us the said Maurice Bauer and Louis Brouard and Jacques Ancel we the said Maurice
Bauer and Louis Brouard and Jacques Ancel have been advised that parts of the
said Invention as described and claimed in the said specification may be objected
to on the ground of want of novelty we the said Maurice Bauer and Louis
Brouard and Jacques Ancel therefore wish to amend the title of the said Patent
by adding the word an to the said title before the word "improved" and by
striking out the letters from the word "compounds" and from the word
'preparations" in the said title and to amend the said specification by striking
out the letters from the word "compounds" and from the word "preparations
on line 8 page 4 of the said specification as printed by the Queen's Printer and
by striking out the words " used either pure or on line 10 page 4 of the said
specification and by striking out the words "colour specific gravity sonorousness
"and degree of hardness or of elasticity" on lines 12 and 13 page 4 and substituting
the word "properties" and by inserting the words " we use between the words
"which" and "the" and by striking out the words "may be used" on line 21
page 4 and by cancelling the words "and is indispensible" on lines 30 and 31 and
the words "and is also indispensible" on line 31 and by cancelling the words
"When these qualities are not required the said cotton wool or other fibre need
"

page_text: 16
"
ft
"
"E
"not be used" on lines 33 and 34 and by striking out lines 41. 42 and 43 and by
striking out the words "ingredients used and the" and the word "they" on
line 44 and inserting in place of the said word " they" the words the
ingredients" and by striking out the whole of lines 46, 47 and 48 of the said
page 4 with the exception of the word "product" on the said line 46 and by
striking out the letters from the word "compounds" and from the word
preparations" on line 1 page 5 and by striking out the words "according to one
"method of manufacture
on line
page 5 and the words "or gutta percha and
sulphur" on lines 6 and 7 page 5 and by inserting the word "the" between the
words "and" and "other" on line 7 page 5 and by striking out the whole of
lines 32 to 37 inclusive of page 5 and by inserting the word "an
" between the
words "of" and "improved" on line 43 of page 5 and by striking out the letter s
from the word "compounds" and from the word "preparations
on the said
line 43 of page 5 and by striking out the first claim and by substituting the word
"first" for "secondly" on line 48 page 5 and by cancelling the words "other
" matter or
on line 49 page 5 and by substituting the word "secondly" for the
word "thirdly" on line 51 page 5 and by substituting the word "thirdly" for the
word "fourthly" on line 53 page 5 and by cancelling the words "or of gutta
percha and sulphur " on line 56 page 5 and by striking out the whole of lines 4 to 8
both inclusive on page 6.
"E
"
The said specification when thus altered will read as follows:-
"
"TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME Wo MAURICE
"BAUER and LOUIS BROUARD and JACQUES ANCEL all of Paris in the Republic.
" of France Send Greeting WHEREAS Her Most Excellent Majesty Queen
"Victoria by Her Letters Patent bearing date the twenty sixth day of October
"in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty two in the
forty sixth year of her reign did for Herself Her Heirs and Successors give
and grant unto us, the said Maurice Bauer and Louis Brouard and Jacques
Ancel Her special licence that we the said Maurice Bauer and Louis Brouard
"and Jacques Ancel our executors administrators and assigns or such others as
we the said Maurice Bauer and Louis Brouard and Jacques Ancel our executors
" administrators and assigns should at any time agree with and no others from
" time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed should
"and lawfully might make use exercise and vend within the United Kingdom
" of Great Britain and Ireland the Channel Islands and Isle of Man an Invention
"for "AN IMPROVED COMPOUND OR PREPARATION OF MATERIALS FOR USE IN PLACE
""OF LEATHER AND FOR ELECTRICAL INSULATION ENABLING IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF ELECTRIC CONDUCTORS" upon the condition (amongst others)
"that we the said Maurice Bauer and Louis Brouard and Jacques Ancel our
"executors administrators by an Instrument in writing under our or their hands
"and seals or under the hand and seal of one of us or them should particularly
"describe and' ascertain the nature of the said Invention and in what manner
"the same was to be performed and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
"Patent Office within Six Calendar Months next and immediately after the date
"of the said Letters Patent. NOW KNOW YE that I the said Maurice Bauer
on behalf of myself and the said Louis Brouard and Jacques Ancel Do hereby
"declare the nature of the said Invention and in what manner the same is
"to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following Statement thereof that is to say:-
"E
"f
"
от
Our improved compound or preparation of materials for use in place of leather
and for electrical insulation consist of gutta percha vulcanized with sulphur the
said gutta percha being mixed with other matters the nature and quantity of
"the added inatters being such as will produce with the gutta percha when
vulcanized a substance or material having the properties required for the purpose
ES
" to which the said substance or material is to be applied."
"
'In vulcanizing gutta percha we mix therewith sulphur and subject the mixture

page_text: If desired the wire covering may be covered or coated with other materials in
order to protect the metal from injury
2. We cover the core of the cable with a coating consisting of a mixture of
gutta percha and sulphur and other matters which when vulcanized produce the
vegetable leather hereinbefore described this process being carried out by special
machinery The core being coated is pressed in a special lead press and covered
with lead. As a last operation it is placed in a vulcanization boiler and vulcanized
to the degree required the lead coating acting as a mould.
The vulcanized product has the great advantage of not being spoiled in the case
of too great resistance in the cable when too strong currents heating the core are
passing this material not melting even at the temperature of red hot iron

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Maurice Bauer, Louis Brouard, and Jacques Ancel in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 24th April 1883.
MAURICE BAUER and LOUIS BROUARD and JACQUES ANCEL all of Paris in
the Republic of France "IMPROVED COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS OF MATERIALS
FOR USE IN PLACE OF LEATHER AND FOR ELECTRICAL INSULATION ENABLING
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELECTRIC CONDUCTORS"
Our improved compounds or preparations of materials for use in place of leather
and for electrical insulation consist of gutta percha vulcanized with sulphur the
said gutta percha being used either pure or mixed with other matters the nature
and quantity of the added matters being such as will produce with the gutta percha
when vulcanized a substance or material having the colour specific gravity.
Sol:orousness-and-degree of hardness or of elasticity required for the purpose to
which the said substance or material is to be applied.
In vulcanizing gutta percha we mix therewith sulphur and subject the mixture
to heat and steam pressure the process being the same as or analogous to that by
which caoutchouc is vulcanized. The other matters which we mix with the gutta
percha are cotton wool or other like fibrous substance zine white colcothar and oxide
of antimony. The proportions in which the said matters are used vary according
to the purpose to which the resulting product is to be applied.
The following are the proportions in which the said matters may be used in
order to produce a material suitable for use in substitution for leather in tho
manufacture of soles and heels for boots and shoes.
Gutta Percha
Sulphur
-
Cotton wool or other like fibrous matter
Zine white
Culcothar
Oxide of antimony
-
.
60 parts by weight
18 parts by weight
20 parts by weight
12 parts by weight
2 parts by weight
5 parts by weight
In this mixture the gutta percha serves as the base of the product and is indis-
pensible. The sulphur serves as the vulcanizing agent and is also indispensible.
The cotton wool or other fibre gives great consistency to the boily and resistance to
wear through friction. When these qualities are not required the said cotton wool
or other fibre need not be used. The zinc white is used to give weight to the
product and may be replaced by whiting sulphate of baryta or other chalky
matter. The coleothar is also used to give weight to the product and to colour it
and may bo replaced by ochre or ochrous earth or vermillion or other mineral
powder according to the colour and specific gravity required. The oxide of
antimony is used to assist the operation of vulcanizing (which it does by combining
with the sulphur) and also to give to the product the natural colour of leather.
For the latter purpose it is indispensible but when the product is not required to
have the said colour the oxide of antimony may be dispensed with. When however
it is not used the quantity of sulphur must be increased.
It will thus be seen that the ingredients used and the proportions in which they
are used must be varied according to the properties required in the resulting
product but that in all cases gutta percha and sulphur are indispensible ingredients
and that in some cases gutta percha and sulphur may form the sole ingredients of
the compound.