ROVEMENTS IN WINDING APPARATUS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Boyd, of Glasgow, in the County, of
Lanark, North Britain, Engineer and Machine Maker, for the Inven
tion of IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDING APPARATUS,"
Sealed the 31st January 1867, and dated the 4th August 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Boyd at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th August 1866.
I, JOHN BOYD, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer and Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDING APPARATUS," to be as follows, that
is to say:
This Invention has for its object to simplify and cheapen the construction
of winding apparatus, and generally to improve the action thereof.
The improvements are applicable in practice under various modifications,
in one of which the winding spindles arranged for winding yarn or thread
from reels or bobbins upen pirns or into cops are disposed horizontally with
their pirn or cop ends directed outwards and in two horizontal rows; one on
[Price Sd.]

page_text: each side of a frame, which may be of any convenient length. Each spindle
has on it or in connection with it a grooved wharve or pulley round which a
driving cord passes, and there are two long driving drums disposed one below
each row of driving spindles and at right angles to them, round which drums
the several cords pass, and from which they receive their motion. The yarn is
led to the pirns by guides, which are by preference punched out of sheet iron
or steel, and which are made to reciprocate with the well-known traverse
motion for building the yarn in conical layers, and the yarn is com-
pressed as it is being wound by means of stationary hollow cones or cups
towards which the spindles are severally pressed by the action of weighted
bell-crank levers or cords; or the requisite pressure may be obtained by
inclining the spindles downwards so that they will gravitate towards the
cones. The spindles recede inwards as the pirns become filled, as is well
understood. To admit of the spindles stopping independently of each other
when each pirn is full a very simple arrangement is adopted, the principal
feature of which is the placing of the wharve on a tubular or partly tubular
piece which has no longitudinal motion, and through which the spindle
passes. A pin or catch is fixed in the spindle, and the side of a
longitudinal opening slot or groove coming in contact with the pin causes
the spindle to rotate. The opening or groove in the tubular piece is enlarged
or cut away at one end, and the pin reaches this enlarged part upon the pirn
becoming full, and the spindle then ceases to be driven, as the tubular piece
can then revolve without acting on the pin. It will be obvious that these
parts may be reversed, the pin or catch being put in the tubular piece and
acting in a groove in the spindle, such groove being carried round the
spindle at one end so that the spindle will cease to be driven when that
part of the groove is brought to the pin by the filling of the pirn.
In another modification the wharve and tubular or slotted piece are
separate. The wharve runs on a stud and drives the tubular piece by a pin
or catch or by a frictional clutch, but the tubular piece has a slight longi-
tudinal movement, permitting it to be taken out of gear from the wharve
when the pirn is full or when the yarn breaks; or the wharve may be in two
parts on the principle of fast and loose pulleys, guides being arranged to shift
the driving cord upon the fast or loose part as required. A sliding piece has
a bell-crank finger jointed to or acting on it with its inner end bent so as to
fall down behind the traverse bar unless prevented by the pressure of the
yarn. When the yarn is absent the traverse bar catches the finger, and
thereby throws the parts out of gear.
Toothed wheels may be substituted for the wharves and cords in the modifi-

page_text: cations herein-before described, and when the tubular or equivalent piece is
arranged to be disengaged from the wharve or toothed wheel a single wharve
or toothed wheel on a spindle running in bearings in the middle of the
machine may serve for driving two spindles, namely, one on each side of the
machine.
A single endless cord or belt may be used for driving a series or an entire
frame of horizontal spindles, such cord or belt passing round driving pulleys
at each end of the frame, and when driving the spindles on both sides the
wharves of these are arranged alternately in the same line, and the cord or
belt passes over and under each wharve alternately.
In one modification, in which a single endless belt is made to drive a row
of horizontal spindles, the belt is pressed up to the under sides of pulleys on
the spindles by pulleys on spring brackets beneath, and any spindle is thrown
out of gear by means of a sliding piece acted on by the traverse bar in
connection with a yarn finger arranged as herein-before described, the sliding
piece pressing down the bracket and pulley beneath by means of an incline,
and at the same time causing a pin to obstruct the motion of the pulley on
the spindle. The spindle has a longitudinal motion through its driving
pulley, and is driven by means of a groove and pin much as in the modifi-
cation first herein-before described. The pressure for driving may be applied
to the belt in various ways, and counterpressure pulleys or smooth fixed
surfaces may be used for that purpose, the belt being below the spindles as
herein-before described, or above them, in which last case the driving pressure
may be obtained by placing pulleys of sufficient weight upon the belt, such
pulleys having their journals in vertical guide slots, allowing their motions
perfect freedom.
In all tlie modificatious various arrangements of driving gear may be used
for giving a variable rotatory speed to the spindles so as to equalise the tension
when winding on the larger and smaller parts of the cone. The shafts of the
driving drums or toothed wheels may be actuated by the well-known eccentric
wheels, or by means of frictional discs placed near each end of a transverse
horizontal shaft situated at the end of the frame and in the horizontal plane of
the drum shafts. Each disc is nipped between two pulleys, one on the drum
shaft and the other on a parallel shaft geared to the druni shaft, and the
two pulleys are arranged so that they can be moved nearer to or further from
the centre of the driving disc by a traverse motion, and the spindles are
thereby driven more quickly or more slowly accordingly. To equalise the
driving strain of the frame the parts may be arranged to be working slowly-
on one side when they are working quickly on the other side.

page_text: It remains merely to mention that in the various modifications, or in
some of them, the spindles may be disposed vertically or in inclined
positions.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Boyd in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th
February 1867..
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
BOYD, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineer and
Machine Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto mic,
the said John Boyd, Her special license that I, the said John Boyd, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as 1, the said John
Boyd, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WINDING APPARATUS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
John Boyd, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what inauner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Boyd, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
in writing, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, that is to
say
My said Invention has for its object to simplify and cheapen the con-
struction of winding apparatus, and generally to improve the action thereof.
And in order that my said Invention and the manner of performing the
same may be properly understood, I have hereunto appended a Sheet of

page_text: explanatory Drawings to be herein after referred to, and representing various
modifications of my improved arrangements.
My improvements are applicable in practice under various modifications,
one of which is shown in Figures 1 and 2, which are sectional elevations as
viewed at right angles to each other. The framing consists of transverse end
frames F, and of intermediate transverse frames when the length of the
machines makes it necessary, such frames being suitably connected. The
winding spindles 1 arranged for winding yarn or thread 2 from reels 3 (or
bobbins) upon pirns 4, or into cops, are disposed horizontally with their pirn
or cop ends directed outwards and in two horizontal rows facing opposite
ways, and one on each side of the machine or frame, which may be of any
convenient length. Each spindle 1 has on it or in connection with it, a
grooved wharve or pulley 5, round which a driving cord 6 passes; and there
are two long driving drums 7 disposed one below each row of spindles, and
at right angles to them, round which drums 7 the several cords 6 pass, and
from which they receive their motion. The drums 7 may be driven in the
ordinary way; there is, however, delineated in connection with them improved
driving gear arranged according to a portion of my present Invention, and
herein-after described. The yarn 2 is led to the pirns 4 by guides 8, which
are by preference punched out of sheet iron or steel, and of which one is
shown in plan, and as detached at a. These guides 8 are made to reciprocate
with the ordinary well-known traverse motion for building the yarn in conical
layers, being fixed on a bar 9 fixed to levers 10 centred on studs 11 below,
and having a horizontally projecting part furnished at its end with an anti-
friction pulley to be acted upon by the usual heart-shaped cam, indicated by
dotted lines at 12 on a revolving shaft 13. The yarn is compressed as it is
being wound by means of stationary hollow cones or cups 14 fixed upon a front
longitudinal frame bar 15, towards which cups the spindles 1 are severally
pressed by the action of weighted bell-crank levers 16; or the requisite
pressure might be produced by means of weighed cords, or by inclining the
spindles 1 downwards so as to cause them to gravitate towards the cups 14.
The spindles 1 recede inwards as the pirus 4 become filled, as is well
understood.
An important part of my Invention relates to the stopping of the spindles
independently of each other as each pirn becomes filled, and to admit of this a
very simple arrangement is adopted, the principal feature of which is the
placing of the wharve 5 on a tubular or partially tubular piece 70, which has
no longitudinal motion, and through which the spindle 1 passes. The tubular
piece is held in position by and revolves in two bearings 18, 19, one at the

page_text: back end and the other at its front end, and the spindle 1 itself has not and
does not require any further support than what it has from passing through the
tubular piece 17. The bearings 18, 19, are fixed upon two longitudinal frame
bars 20, 21. A pin or catch is fixed in the side of the spindle 1, and the
side of a longitudinal opening slot or groove in the tubular piece 17 coming
in contact with the pin causes the spindle to rotate. The groove or its
equivalent may be formed in the tubular piece 17 in various ways; in general
in order to balance the piece it will be formed with two diametrically opposite
openings or slots running longitudinally. In Figure 1 the tubular piece 17
is delineated so as to show a face view of one of the openings. The opening
is enlarged at one part b, and the pin on the spindle 1 reaches this enlarged
part upon the pirn 4 becoming full, and the spindle then ceases to be driven,
as the tubular piece 17 can then revolve without acting on the pin. It will
be obvious that these parts may be reversed, the pin or catch being put in the
tubular piece (17), and acting in a groove on the spindle (1), such groove
being carried round the spindle at one end, so that the spindle will cease to
be driven when that part of the groove is brought to the pin by the filling of
the pirn.
In another modification, which will be understood from the sectional side
view of one spindle 1, and parts in immediate connection therewith in
Figure 3, the wharve 5, and tubular, slotted, or grooved piece 17, are separate.
The wharve 5 runs on a stud fixed to a longitudinal frame bar 22, and drives
the tubular piece 17 by a pin, catch, or frictional or ratchet clutch 23; but
the tubular piece 17 has a slight longitudinal movement in its bearings 19,
permitting it to be taken out of gear from the valve 5 when the pirn is full
or when the yarn breaks; or the non-rotation of the spindle on the pirn
becoming full may be caused by the enlargement b,as herein-before described,
the clutch connection 23 being disengaged only when the yarn breaks; or
the wharve 5 may be in two parts, a fast and a loose one, on the principle of
ordinary fast and loose driving pulleys, as shown in Figure 4, a forked guide
24 being arranged to shift the driving cord .6 upon the fast or loose part as
required. A sliding piece 24 (Figure 3) has a bell-crank finger 25 jointed to
it, with its inner end bent so as to fall down in the way of the traverse bar 9,
unless prevented by the pressure of the yarn 2, against which its upper arın is
arranged to bear. When the yarn is absent the traverse bar 9 catches the
finger 25, and moves the sliding piece 24, which by means of a fork on its
inner end effects the disengagement of the parts. Toothed wheels may be
substituted for the wharves (5) and cords (6) in the modifications herein-
before described, and when the tubular or equivalent piece (17) is arranged

page_text: to be disengaged from the wharve or toothed wheel there may, as shown
in Figure 5, a single wharve or toothed wheel 5 on a spindle 26 running in
bearings 18, 18, on longitudinal frame bars 20, 20, in the middle of the
machine, and serving for driving two spindles, namely, one on each side of the
machine.
. In another modification a single endless cord or belt is used for driving a
series or an entire frame of horizontal spindles (1), such cord or belt passing
round driving pulleys at each end of the frame; and when driving the spindles
on both sides the wharves 5 of these are arranged alternately in the same
vertical plane, those of one side being above, and those of the other side below
the cord or belt. The details connected with one spindle are shown in section
in Figure 6 as constructed and arranged according to one modification, and
Figure 7 is a Diagram showing the general arrangement, the endless belt 27
passing round end pulleys 28 on horizontal shafts and under a row of spindle
pulleys or wharves 5. The belt 27 is pressed up to the under side of each.
spindle pulley 5 by a pulley 29 on a spring bracket stud 30 beneath, and any
spindle 1 is thrown out of gear by means of a sliding piece 24, acted on by
the traverse bar 9 in connection with a yarn finger 25, arranged as herein-
before described, the sliding piece 24 pressing down the bracket 30 and
pulley 29 beneath by means of an incline 31, whilst a pin on the end of the
sliding piece 24 obstructs the motion of the pulley 5 on the spindle 1. The
spindle 1 has a longitudinal motion through its driving pulley 5, and is driven
by means of a groove and piu much as in the modification first herein-before
described. The pressure for driving may be applied in various ways, and
counterpressure pulleys or smooth fixed surfaces may be used for that purpose,
the belt (7) being below the spindles (1) as herein-before described, or above
them, in which last case the driving pressure may be obtained by placing
pulleys of sufficient weight upon the belt, such pulleys having their journals in
vertical guide slots, allowing their motions perfect freedom. In all the
modifications various arrangements of driving gear may be used for giving
a varying rotatory speed to the spindles, so as to equalise the tension when
winding on the larger and smaller parts of the cone.
In the modification shown in Figures 1 and 2, a transverse horizontal first-
motion shaft 33 is situated at the end of the frame, and has fast on it two
frictional discs, one, 34, of which is shown. Each disc 34 is nipped between
two pulleys 35, 36, one on the shaft of the drum 7, and the other on a parallel
shaft geared to the drum shaft. The two pulleys 35, 36, are arranged with
keys and grooves on their shafts, or they may be fixed on longitudinally

page_text: movable shafts, so that they can be moved nearer to or further from the centre
of the driving disc 34 by a traverse motion, and the spindles are thereby driven
more quickly or more slowly accordingly. The discs 35, 36, are shifted by
means of loose rings on their bosses, pins on which rings are acted upon by
levers 37 on a rocking shaft 38, and this rocking shaft has fast on it a bent
lever 39, carrying an antifriction pulley, which is acted upon by a grooved
cam 40, on the longitudinal shaft 31 herein-before referred to; this shaft 13
is driven from the shaft of one of the drums 7 by gearing, which will be easily
understood from the Drawing. There may be a single disc 34, instead of the
two as described, the two pulleys 35, 36, on either side of it being one on the
shaft of the drum 7 on one side, and the other on that of the drum 7 on the
other side. If, however, it is preferred to equalise the driving strain of the
frame, the two drums 7.may be driven by separate discs 34, but arranged so
that when one drum is working slowly the other is working quickly, and
vice versa.
It remains merely to mention that in the various modifications, or in some
of them, the spindles may be disposed vertically or in inclined positions.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is be performed, I have to state that I do not restrict
myself to the precise details herein described or delineated, but that what I
believe to be novel and original, and claim as the Invention secured to me by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is.-
1. Generally, the arranging and combining together of the parts of winding
apparatus, substantially in the improved manner herein-before described; and
more particularly,-
2. The carrying and driving of the spindle by means of a tubular piece set
in bearings, the spindle having no separate bearings, but having a longitudinal
movement in the tubular piece, and becoming disengaged when the pirn
becomes filled, substantially in the manner herein-before described.
3. The arranging of the tubular piece so that it can be disengaged from the
driving wharve or wheel in connection with the improved details for stopping
a spindle on a thread failing, as herein-before described.
4. The arranging of one wharve or wheel to drive two opposite spindles, as
herein-before described.
5. The driving of a series of spindles by means of an endless cord or
belt, the parts being arranged and combined substantially as herein-before
described.
And, 6. The driving of winding apparatus by means of frictional discs acting

page_text: on shifting pulleys on opposite sides thereof, and applied substantially in the
improved manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Boyd, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this First day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.