Year: 1886

page_text: I, ROBERT MITCHELL RITCHIE, of Aldine Works, 169, Fountainbridge, in the
city and County of Edinburgh, Heating and Ventilating Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of my invention to be as follows:-
My invention has reference to new or improved arrangements and combinations
of the parts of ovens for baking, drying, or other purposes, fitted with long ranges
or sets of small high-pressure water and steam heating pipes, welded or jointed
close at their ends to stand the high pressure, and constructed, heated, and worked
on the "Perkins" principle. These improvements are designed and will be most
applicable for the smaller class of ovens for general use, where much regular or
constant work is required to be passed through the ovens, as for small bakers or
large families, and which will be more economical in first cost and in the con-
sumption of fuel for the amount of work to be got through than with ovens of the
Perkin's class as heretofore constructed.
The new or improved features and construction of my improvements consist as
follows: In ranging two, three (or it might be four) of these ovens over each
other, preferably long and narrow, each having one or two doors at the side or end
to suit the purposes of these improvements. The outer shell or walls of the whole
set of ovens, so arranged, would preferably be made of a double case of cast or.
sheet iron rivetted or bolted together and filled between, or coated or "lagged "
outside with any ordinary non-conducting material. The horizontal soles or
bottoms and divisions between the ovens would preferably be made of longitudinal
cast-iron plates, resting on angle iron on the inside of the walls, when these are
made of iron; but when the walls are built of brick, these plates would rest on
the walls, or on bearing bars built in the walls. A set or range of the said heating
pipes, would be fitted as close under the sole plate of the ovens as possible, that is,
close up horizontally at their inner ends, but angled down longitudinally some
inches at their outer end, where they would pass out through a slot made for them
across one end of the oven, and project out sufficiently beyond this, as to pass
across a narrow deep furnace of brickwork built along the whole end of the range.
of ovens, and having the furnace door at the ends or on the same side as the oven
doors. These tubes so ranged would be closed, jointed, or welded (as stated, to
stand the great pressure and give the perfect circulation of this system of heating)
singly or in sets of two, three, or more together, preferably at both ends, with a
few feet of their length at the lower ends filled with water over the furnace. Two
sets of these tubes only would he required for three ovens in the set; that is, one
set ranged in the lowest oven close up under the sole of the second oven, and a

page_text: second set in the second oven close under the sole of the third oven, and so on
when there were more than three ovens in the set. The ends of the lower set of
tubes would project out across the whole width of the furnace chamber and form
the furnace bars on which the fuel would be fed through the end furnace door or
doors. And the upper set of tubes passing out and across this furnace chamber
would be highly heated by the flames and hot gases passing up from the furnace
below through between these tubes, and then out through a narrow throat flue at
top, so as to pass out under a close hot plate chamber above, and up the back face
of the plate forming this chamber, into the flue leading along and close to the plate
forming the top of the upper oven, so as to give off all their heat to these plate
surfaces and to the oven before escaping into the flue leading to the chimney.
This flue might be fitted with a damper in the usual manner to regulate the.
draught and combustion of the furnace and the heat of the ovens, which might be
further regulated by the admission of cold air when they were too hot. The hot
plate and chamber above the throat flue of the furnace would have a door to use it
as a close hot chamber or as a mere hot plate when the doors were opened. Or
otherwise a water boiler might be used instead of the hot plate for supplying or
circulating hot water for use where this arrangement of ovens was erected.
1000
Improvements in Ovens.
I, ROBERT MITCHELL RITCHIE, of Aldine Works, 169 Fountainbridge, in the
City and County of Edinburgh, Heating and Ventilating Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of my invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings,
and to the letters and Figures marked thereon; that is to say :-
My said invention has reference to new or improved arrangements and com-
binations of the parts of ovens for baking, japanning, drying, and other .heating
purposes, fitted with long ranges or sets of of small high-pressure water and stean
heating pipes, welded or jointed close at their ends to stand the high pressure, (and
constructed; heated, and worked on the "Perkins" principle). My said improve-
ments are designed and will be most applicable for the smaller class of ovens for
general use, where much regular or constant work is required to be passed through
the ovens, as for small bakers or large families, and which will be more economical
in first cost, and in the consumption of fuel for the amount of work to be got
through, than with ovens as heretofore constructed.

page_text: ....
---
. And in order that the nature and novelty of my said invention, and the manner
of performing or carrying the same into effect or practice may be properly under-
stood, I have hereunto appended an explanatory Sheet of Drawings, in which the
same reference letters are used to indicate corresponding parts in all the Figures
where shown. Figures 1 and 2 are a sectional elevation, and a horizontal section
respectively, taken on the lines 1 - 1 and 22 each on the other, of three
ovens A, A1, A2, fitted within an 'outer double plated case or shell C, C, with n
transverse furnace B, B', at one end, all in accordance with the improvements of
my invention. Figures 3 and 4 are transverse vertical sections taken on the lines
3 3 and 4 4 through the ovens and furnace respectively, of Figure 1.
While Figure 5, is a perspective view of the outer case or shell, enclosing the
whole and showing the oven and furnace doors and flue cleaning doors in front.
Referring to these Drawings, the improvements of my invention in the con-
struction, or arrangement and combination of the parts of ovens, consist as
follows: In ranging two, or three as shown in the Drawings, (but it might be four
or more) of these ovens A, A1, A2, over each other, preferably long and narrow, each
having one door D (or it might be two doors when the ovens are made long) at the
one side to suit the purpose of these improvements. The outer shell or walls C, C',
of the whole set of ovens A, A1, A2, so arranged, is preferably made of an inner set
of plates of iron C, bolted or otherwise secured together at c, at the sides and ends,
with an outer case of plates, or it might be sheet iron, screwed at c¹ to the inner
plates, leaving a space C between them all along the sides and top and bottom
for being filled up with silicate cotton or other non-heat conducting material
or lagging. The horizontal soles or bottoms and divisions A³, between the
ovens A, A1, A2, are preferably made of longitudinal cast-iron plates, resting on
angle irons a, on the inside of the shell or walls C, C, when these are made of iron,
as shown in the Drawings; but when the walls are built of brick these plates
would rest in the walls. A set or range of the said heating pipes E, E', are fitted
as close under the sole plates A³ of the ovens A, A¹, as possible, that is, close up
horizontally at their inner ends, where they would rest on and be supported by
transverse rods or bars e resting on bearing snugs e¹ in the side inner shell C,
but angled down longitudinally some inches at their outer or furnace end, where
they pass out through a slot or recesses made for them at E, across the end
plates C at the upper part of the ovens A, A¹, and project out sufficiently beyond
this, so as to pass across a narrow deep furnace of brick work B¹ built across the
whole end of the range of ovens A, A1, A2, and having the furnace door B², on the
same side as the oven doors, or it might be at the ends. These tubes E, E¹ so
ranged are preferably closed, jointed or welded at their ends (as stated, to stand
the great pressure and give the perfect circulation of this system of heating) singly
as shown in the Drawings; but it might be in pairs, fours or more, the same at
both ends, as shown in the detached views of this duplex welded arrangements of
the tubes in Figure 6, with a few feet of their length at the lower ends filled
with water over the furnace B as shown dotted in Figure 1. Two sets of these
tubes E, E', only are required for three ovens A, A1, A2, in the set as shown in the
Drawings; that is, one set E ranged in the lowest oven A close up under the
sole A3 of the second oven A¹, and a second set E' in the second oven A¹ close under
the sole A³ of the third oven A2, and so on when there were more than three ovens
in the set. The ends of the lower set of tubes E project out across the whole width
of the furnace chamber B and form the furnace bars on which the fuel fis fed
through the furnace door B2, or it might be doors. And the upper set of tubes E¹
passing out and across the upper part of this furnace chamber B are highly heated
by the flames and hot gases passing up from the furnace B below through between
these tubes E' and then out through a narrow throat flue b at top, so as to pass
out through a close chamber F above, into the flue F¹ leading along and close to
the plate A³ forming the top of the upper oven A2, so as to give off all their heat
to these plate surfaces and to the oven before escaping into the vertical flue F2,
leading to the chimney, as particularly seen in Figures 1 and 4. This flue F² or

page_text: the chimney fitted over this might be fitted with a damper in the usual manner to
regulate the draught and combustion of the furnace and the heat of the ovens,
which might be further regulated by the admission of cold air when they were
too hot.
Within the close chamber F, above the throat flue b of the furnace, a small oven
or close hot chamber G, is preferably fitted at the one side resting on the brickwork
and on a bearing bar g, which also support a water boiler J on the other side of
the chamber F fitted with water inlet pipe ; and drawing off pipe 1, fitted with
hand tap j, at one end of the furnace B, B¹, for supplying or circulating hot water
for use where this is required heated by this arrangement of furnace B.
The flue F¹ and those of the chamber F would be periodically cleaned out
through the apertures and doors FS, and the ashes from the ashpit d below the
furnace B, would be removed through the sliding or other doors d in front below
the furnace door. B2; and thermometers or pyrometers would be fitted at h in the
front of each of the ovens A, A1, A2, to indicate their respective temperatures.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
First. The construction, or general arrangement and combination of the parts of
ovens, substantially as herein described, in reference to and shown in the accom-
panying Drawings.
Second. The construction of ovens ranged over each other and heated by sets of
sealed water tubes, and a furnace, substantially as herein described, in reference to
and shown in the accompanying Drawings.