Year: 1885

page_text: Page 3, line 15, for "attached" read "attacked"

page_text: An improved Manufacture and Application of Materials for
Lining Furnaces and Metallurgical Vessels or Utensils.
I, JOHN IMRAY, of N° 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane in the
County of Middlesex Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare
the nature of my invention for "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE AND APPLICATION
OF MATERIALS FOR LINING FURNACES AND METALLURGICAL VESSELS OR UTENSILS
to be as follows:--
"
Metallurgical apparatus, such as cupola furnaces, converters, open hearth furnaces,
rotary furnaces and the like, in which metals are subjected either in the solid or
in the liquid condition to certain reactions having for their object either to heat,
melt, or refine the same or to separate from them one or more of their constituents,
are generally provided with a lining of refractory material, either of a silicious or
argillaceous nature when an acid lining is required, or of lime, dolomite or magnesia
when a basic lining is required.
The acid linings form with the metallic oxides large quantities of slag, and they
do not allow of the purification of the metal by means of bases, nor the refining
operation by the ore process.
The basic linings on the other hand are attacked by silicic and phosphoric acid,
and their maintenance is very expensive.
In the specification to my former Patent N° 4379 of 1883 was described the
use of chromic iron for such linings which, being of a neutral nature resists to a
great extent the before mentioned chemical actions, and is very refractory and
durable.
According to the present invention, instead of mixing the chromic iron with
carbonaceous material, as described in the said specification, it is pulverised and
mixed with either from 15 to 20 per cent of magnesian or other limestone or of
pulverised carbonate of magnesia or with from 5 to 10 per cent of slaked magnesian
or other lime, or of hydrate of magnesia with or without a small admixture of
water, which allows of the mixture being well rammed. Or lumps of chromic iron
may be built up to form a lining cementing them together and filling up hollows

page_text: with a mortar composed of pulverised chromic iron and magnesian or other lime,
or hydrate of magnesia and water, mixed to the consistence of a thick paste and
applied as a mortar.
By way of example, I will describe the formation of such a lining to a Bessemer
converter. The bottom is formed with a mixture of chromic iron and from 5 to
10 per cent of slaked magnesian or other lime or of hydrate of magnesia.
To this mixture may be added a small quantity of tar, in order to facilitate the
binding together of the mass; but this is not indispensable. The blast holes may
either be formed through this lining or, tuyeres may be fixed therein. The other
part of the converter is lined with lumps of the chromic iron cemented together
by means of a mortar as above described.
For the hearths of Siemens-Martin furnaces, a mixture of the pulverised chromic
iron with lime as above described is used, with or without the addition of tar,
small lumps of chromic iron being imbedded in the mass.
For the sides of the furnace a lining is employed consisting of lumps of the
chromic iron cemented together as above described.

page_text: An Improved Manufacture and Application of Materials for
Lining Furnaces and Metallurgical Vessels or Utensils.
I, JOHN IMRAY of No 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane in the
County of Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Metallurgical apparatus, such as cupola furnaces, converters, open hearth furnaces,
rotary furnaces and the like, in which metals are subjected either in the solid or in
the liquid condition to certain reactions having for their object either to heat,
melt, or refine the same or to separate from them one or more of their constituents,
are generally provided with a lining of refractory material either of a silicious or
argillaceous nature when an acid lining is required, or of lime, dolomite or magnesia
when a basic lining is required.
The acid linings form with the metallic oxides large quantities of slag, and they
do not allow of the purification of the metal by means of bases, nor the refining
operation by the ore process.
The basic linings on the other hand are attached by silicic and phosphoric acid,
and their maintenance is very expensive.
In the specification to my former Patent No 4379 of 1883 was described the
use of chromic iron for such linings which being of a neutral nature resists to a
great extent the before mentioned chemical actions, and is very refractory and
durable.
According to the present invention, instead of mixing the chromic iron with
carbonaceous material, as described in the said Specification, it is pulverised and
mixed with either from 15 to 20 per cent of magnesian or other limestone or of
pulverised carbonate of magnesia or with from 5 to 10 per cent of slaked magnesian
or other lime or of hydrate of magnesia with or without a small admixture of
water which allows of the mixture being well rammed. Or lumps of chromic iron
may be built up to form a lining cementing them together and filling up hollows
with a mortar composed of pulverised chromic iron and magnesian or other lime,
or hydrate of magnesia and water, mixed to the consistence of a thick paste and
applied as a mortar.
By way of example, I will describe the formation of such a lining to a Bessemer
converter. The bottom is formed with a mixture of chromic iron and from 5 to
10 per cent of slaked magnesian or other lime or of hydrate of magnesia.
To this mixture may be added a small quantity of tar, in order to facilitate the
binding together of the mass; but this is not indispensable. The blast holes may
either be formed through this lining or, tûyeres may be fixed therein. The other
part of the converter is lined with lumps of chromic iron cemented together by
means of a motar as above described.
For the hearths of Siemens-Martin furnaces, a mixture of the pulverised chromic
iron with lime as above described is used, with or without the addition of tar,
small lumps of chromic iron being imbedded in the mass.

page_text: For the sides of the furnace a lining is employed consisting of lumps of the
chromic iron cemented together as above described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. The herein described improved manufacture of lining for furnaces consisting
of chromic iron mixed with alkaline earths such as magnesian or other limestone,
carbonate of magnesia, slaked lime or hydrate of magnesia.
2. The use as lining for furnaces of lumps of chromic iron cemented together
by a mortar formed of pulverised chromic iron and lime or hydrate of magnesia
substantially as herein described.