matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OF PRODUCING RAISED CHASING ON COPPER, SILVER, AND BRITANNIA METAL, BY THE APPLICATION OF PRESSURE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Carpendale and Thomas
Middleton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 7th September 1861.
We, JOHN CARPENDALE, Britannia Metal Smith, and THOMAS MIDDLETON,
Table Blade Grinder, both of Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OF
PRODUCING RAISED CHASING ON COPPER, SILVER, AND BRITANNIA METAL, BY THE
APPLICATION OF PRESSURE," to be as follows:-
At present "raised chasing" is produced by manual pressure, which is
necessarily limited in its application. Our Invention admits of the pressure
being determined & applied on an extended scale, by the adjustment of the
machine, a steel plate in which the design to be impressed on the metal is
indented, cut, or engraved, is affixed in the usual manner to a disc or bed which
revolves on an axis to which motion is imparted. The metal to be operated
upon is placed with its face to this steel plate, and secured thereto. Against
the metal a steadying plate attached to an opposing centre is fixed; in this
plate, which does not revolve, a groove or channel is formed, which admits of
a tool or blunt instrument moving therein & pressing upon the metal.
Behind the disc or bed plate to the framework in which the axis revolves, we
attach a cross plate or frame with arms which run parallel with the axis,
extending therefrom in front of the bed plate on either side; in these arms
holes are formed for cotters or pins. On the arms in front of the bed plate we

page_text: place a movable forked frame for the single end, of which one arm forms an
axis, the double or pronged end resting on the other arm. This frame can be
fixed parallel to the face of the metal, & its distance therefrom regulated by
the pins being placed in equidistant holes in the arms. Between the prongs
of the forked frame wo place a slido block, & through this block a horizontal
screw, also parallel to the face of the metal, which works through a connecting
piece at the end of the prongs. By turning a handle attached to this screw
the slide block can be moved any required distanco or speed between the
prongs of the forked frame to or from the centre of the plate. In the slide
block we place a scrow which acts upon the head of tho tool or instrument
which passes through the groove in the front steadying plate to the metal. The
When the
pressure on tho steadying plate is regulated by this screw.
instrument is adjusted & the engraved plate with the metal set in motion, the
slide block containing the tool which presses on the metal is moved in the
forked frame, so that tho pressure of the tool gradually acts upon all parts of
the surface of the metal, & forces it into the indentations in the steel plate.
When the metal is removed, ornaments corresponding with the design on the
steel plate are "raised" on the surface which had been in contact therewith.
A NEW METHOD & APPARATUS FOR THE PROPULSION OF VESSELS THROUGH THE WATER
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Scott Phillips at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st October
1861.
I, JOSEPH SCOTT PHILLIPS, Major, H.M.'s I.R. List, of 10, College Crescent,
Finchley Road, N.W., London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW METHOD & APPARATUS FOR THE PROPULSION OF VESSELS
THROUGH THE WATER," to be as follows:-
Its principle will be manifested by the means of a hoof-shaped paddle made
of metal like the hoof of a calf (or any other animal, or the shape of the
webbed foot of a diver or other swimming bird); this paddle to be applied or
affixed to a wheel or wheels the side of a vessel, or underneath, entirely or
in part, in fact, in whatsoever part of a vessel may be found most suitable and
convenient. The upper or back of the proposed shape to act as a screw
propeller, and the under or open sole of the hoof as a paddle. And the said
"hoof-screw paddle" applied, as affixed to the radius of a wheel, or on long
bands as in a dredging machine, if found adviseable.
so CALLED HYPOCAMPAPHILE OR ELASTIC APPARATUS WHEREBY THE LEGS OF RUNNING HORSES ARE PROTECTED FROM ACCIDENTS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Baptiste Hubert Desplas at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th April 1861.
I, JEAN BAPTISTE HUBERT DESPLAS, of Harfleur, in the Department of the
Seine Inferieure, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A so CALLED HYPOCAMPAPHILE OR ELASTIC APPARATUS
WHEREBY THE LEGS OF RUNNING HORSES ARE PROTECTED FROM ACCIDENTS," to be as
follows:-
My elastic apparatus is to be made from an elastic membrane composed of
india-rubber and of gutta percha vulcanized. It is formed in single, double,
triple, and quadruple thicknesses, according to the rubbing parts of the horse,
whether the leg, the knee, or the fetlock, to either or all of which the appa-
ratus may be applied. It will be circular and fit round the leg of the horse
both above and below knee, leg, or fetlock, and will be colored to suit the
color of the horse wearing it, as gray, black, bay, and other. The knee cap is
made with the upper ring (passing above the knee) of triple thickness, the
shield (front of the knee) quadruple thickness, while the parts below the upper
ring and above the lower ring (which latter is made of double thickness) are
of single thicknesses, to allow the free play of the muscles. The piece which
serves to bind all these parts together is of double strength. Modifications
suitable to the parts will be required in n aking the caps or protectors for the
leg or fetlock.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROOFS FOR DWELLING HOUSES, HORTICULTURAL ERECTIONS, AND OTHER BUILDINGS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Dayies at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th November
1861.
I, ISAAC DAVIES, of Larkfield Nursery, Wavertree, near Liverpool,
Seedsman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROOFS FOR DWELLING HOUSES, HORTICULTURAL
ERECTIONS, AND OTHER BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
I construct the roofs of dwelling houses, warehouses, sheds, and other
buildings where the outer coverings consist of slates, tiles, stones, or other
opaque materials, or mostly so, by forming the outer edges of the rafters, or of,
say, every alternate rafter, with one or more grooves or channels, which I
cover with sheet lead or other suitable metal. Over these, without interposition
of battens, I place the said slates, tiles, stones, or other materials made of
sufficient size that in their vertical course their edges shall abut against each
other just over the grooves or channels to allow these latter to convey any
In
water that might pass between the outer coverings down to the eaves.
their longitudinal course each succeeding one overlaps the other and carries
the water downwards in the ordinary. way. A considerable saving of roofing
materials results from this arrangement, and it is so simple that it can be
repaired without the aid of skilled workmen.
In constructing the roofs of horticultural erections I form the outer edges.
of the rafters into grooves or channels similar to those above mentioned. In
ordinary cases I prefer two, one on each side of a ridge running down the centre.

page_text: of the rafter. The said grooves or channels serve the same purpose here as in
the arrangement first described, and the glass rests thereon, the edge being about
half-way across. Over the central ridge, and overlapping the glass at both
sides thereof, I fit strips of sheet lead, or other material, and strengthen and
stiffen the same at the glass junctions by rigid clipping pieces fastened by
nails or otherwise through the strips into the rafters, thus securing a weather-
tight and lasting construction, which can be repaired by any gardener, and
dispensing with putty, and the consequent breakage of glass during the
cutting out of this cement when it has been hardened by exposure to the
weather.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING METALS AND ALLOYS OF METALS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bagley and Willian
Mincher at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 7th January 1861.
We, WILLIAM BAGLEY and WILLIAM MINCHER, both of Birmingham, in
the County of Warwick, Electro-metallurgists, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING METALS AND
ALLOYS OF METALS," to be as follows:-
Thesheet or other article, if of iron or steel, is first scaled in the ordinary way,
then pickled in a bath of diluted muriatic acid, after which it is to be suspended
inabath consistingofmuriatic acid saturated with zine, as lightexcess of muriatic
acid being afterwards added to make the solution sufficiently active. In the
same bath, and attached to one pole of a battery, is a piece of zinc, the article to
be coated being connected to the opposite pole, thus a coating of zinc is
deposited upon the sheet, forming a flux or base to receive the subsequent
coating of lead or alloy of lead and copper which is to be applied by immersing
the sheet in a bath of molten lead, or of lead alloyed with copper. This process
may also be effected without the employment of the battery above-named
by dipping the sheet in a solution of chloride of zinc to form the flux before
coating with the molten metal.
In coating articles of copper, zinc, or any of their alloys, the first process,
namely, scaling, will be dispensed with, simple cleansing by means of a bath of
aquafortis being employed in its stead.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF METALLIC TUBES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Durand at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
August 1861.
I, FRANÇOIS DURAND, of Paris, France, Tube Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF METALLIC TUBES," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to a new mode of manufacturing any description of
metallic tubes without brazing or soldering, and consists in casting the tube
in a mould provided in the inside with a core arranged in such manner that in
running the molten metal in the mould free escape is allowed to the air
contained in this latter. For this purpose I fix round the core a sufficient
number of metal rods or staves touching each other, or else I have a smaller
number of rods (so as to leave open spaces between them) put round the core,
and in this latter case I coil over the entire set a wire or spiral spring so as
entirely to cover them over, and prevent the molten metal from touching the
core whilst the air only is allowed to pass through the coils of the wire or spiral
spring. The metal of the tube thus cast is to be properly compressed by being
placed in a strong metal mould, and drawing a series of rods, each provided with
a conical headpiece or knob of increasing diameters through the tube, after
which this latter is brought to the required diameter and length by being
drawn through the die or draw plate of the draw bench, fixed rods with
increasing conical knobs being successively introduced in the interior of the
tube. A series of tubes of increasing diameters may be introduced, one inside
the other, in the manner of the tubes of a telescope, whilst the innermost

page_text: tube is filled with any suitable malleable metal, while by means of the draw
bench the whole is brought to the required diametèr, after which the metallic
core is removed by drawing at both ends of it, so as to cause this core to increase
in length, and consequently. become of a smaller diameter, and thus be easily
drawn from the innermost tube in which the same was contained; this core,
and successively each of the tubes, may be detached and drawn from the tube
in which the same was contained by being acted upon in a similar manner as
has been explained for the said core of malleable metal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE AND CEMENT
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Ransome at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th February
1861.
I, FREDERICK RANSOME, of Ipswich, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE AND
CEMENT," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
artificial stone and cement. For the purpose of manufacturing artificial stone
I mix broken or powdered chalk with the silicates of soda or other alkali, and
I mould the compound into blocks or shapes, afterwards when the blocks or
shapes are dry and hard, I wash over the surface with a solution of chloride of
calcium, or other soluble salt of an alkaline earth, or with a solution of
chloride of aluminum or iron, in order to insure as far as possible the con-
version of the soluble silicate into an insoluble silicate of lime, or other
alkaline earth or of aluminum or iron. In this manner I obtain blocks or
shapes which absorb little or no moisture, and which are hard and of great
durability. I also employ a mixture of broken or powdered chalk and soluble
silicate as a plaster or cement to coat walls and other surfaces, and when the
same is sufficiently dry and hard, I wash over the surface with the solution
of a salt of an alkaline earth, or of aluminum or iron, as before. I also
similarly employ a mixture of chalk, quicklime, and soluble silicate; when
quicklime is added to the other ingredients it is not so necessary to wash the
surface over afterwards with the solution of a salt of an alkaline earth, or of
aluminum or iron, as the quicklime immediately converts a portion of the

page_text: soluble silicate into an insoluble silicate of lime. Still I prefer to wash over the
surface as before in case the soluble silicate should be in excess. In addition
to or in place of chalk in this compound, sand, clay, and other similar sub-
stances may be employed, as the chalk in this case is not itself chemically
acted on, but it serves to give substance to the composition, and makes it
durable when moulded into a mass, or applied as a plaster to a surface which
In
a composition consisting wholly of quicklime and soluble silicate is not.
some cases I make a composition consisting of chalk, sand, or other suitable
mineral in a powdered state, soluble silicate, and a soluble salt of an alkaline
earth, or of aluminum or iron. I mix this compound so as to bring it to a
plastic state, and then immediately mould it, or apply it to the surface to be
coated when it is to be used as a plaster. This moulding or spreading must
be done rapidly, as the compound sets hard almost immediately it is mixed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF HORTICULTURAL CASES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marc Antoine François Mennons
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th October 1861.-A communication from Léon Albert Binet, residing
at Levallois, in the Empire of France.
I, MARC ANTOINE FRANÇOIS MENNONS, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF HORTICULTURAL CASES," to be as follows:-
The Invention communicated to me consists in an improved mode of con-
necting and securing the pannels and bottoms of horticultural cases with a view to
increase their solidity and facility of mounting and dismounting while reducing
the weight of metal employed.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing is a plan of a corner of the improved
case through the line X, X, Figure 5; Figure 2 is a section of the same in
elevation; Figure 3 is a plan of the corner piece through the line Y, Z,
Figure 5; Figure 4 is an elevation of a corner of the case fitted with its
In all these Figures
pannels; Figure 5 is an end view of the complete case.
the corresponding parts are indicated by the same letters of reference.
A, A, are upright iron corner pieces, in each of which are cast at the lower
section the projecting shoulder B and studs C, C, serving as support at the
bottom and to the lower edges of the pannels. In the upper section of each
of these corner pieces is cast a second shoulder D drilled through the centre,.

page_text: and serving as socket to a bent pivot E. F is an angle iron pierced through the
centre to admit the free extremity of the pivot E, and provided at the interior
of each wing with, a cast stud G; H is a key piece fitting into a slit at the
end of the pivot beyond the angle iron F, which it retains in position. The
end edges of the pannels I are bevelled off, as seen in Figures 1, 3, so as to
adjust to each other in the corners of the upright. In the face of each, near
the top, is pierced a hole corresponding with the studs G, G, in a line with
which is cut a slot of sufficient depth to give passage to the pivot E and the
face of the shoulder D. At the lower edge of each pannel a hole is drilled
in the thickness of the wood to admit the upright studs C, C, and, finally, a
similar hole is pierced from below through each corner of the bottom J of the
case in correspondence with the third stud K.
To form the case from the different parts above described, the pannels I, I,
are set upright in the corner pieces, as seen in Figure 4, their lower edges
being secured by the studs C, C. The angle iron F is then set over them on
the free extremity of the pivot E; the studs G, G, pass into the corresponding
holes in the faces of the pannels, and the whole is fixed by the key piece H.
The case is completed by the bottom J, Fig. 3, the corner holes of which are
adjusted on the upright studs K of the lower shoulders B.
AN IM- PROVED MODE OF MANUFACTURING FABRICS FOR USEFUL AND ORNAMENTAL PURPOSES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher Duckworth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd January 1861.
I, CHRISTOPHER DUCKWORTH, of Pendleton, in the County of Lancaster,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVED MODE OF MANUFACTURING FABRICS FOR USEFUL AND ORNAMENTAL PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce a fabric resembling stitched or
woven quilting, but at a less cost. In performing my Invention I apply a
web of wadding between two pieces of woven fabric, the wadding and fabrics
being united when requisite by size or other adhesive material. This
compound fabric is then embossed by rollers, or otherwise, to produce the
ornamental surface or design required. The woven fabrics employed may be
made of cotton, silk, woollen, alpaca, or other fibrous materials, or of any
combinations of fibrous materials. In some cases a piece of coarse and cheap
or other woven fabric or felt may be used instead of the wadding above
referred to.
AN IMPROVED HYGROMETER FOR MEASURING THE HUMIDITY OF THE ATMOSPHERE, DAMPNESS OF BEDS, GARMENTS, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick George Stuber at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
November 1861.
I, FREDERICK GEORGE STUBER, of No. 1, St. James's Road, Brixton, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED HYGROMETER FOR MEASURING THE HUMIDITY OF THE ATMOSPHERE,
DAMPNESS OF BEDS, GARMENTS, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the application of cellular, porous, or scaly sub-
stances (such as wood, wool, hair, silk, and other like substances, which have
been rendered sensitive to humidity, for the purpose of measuring different
degrees of the same. To this end, such substances after being cleansed from
dirt, grease, or other impurities, are placed in solutions of certain salts or
materials, which are either deliquescent at the time, or afterwards may become
so, (such as chloride of calcium, carbonate of potash, chloride of sodium,) and
by pressure, with or without heat, made to imbibe into their minute pores, cells,
or vessels portions of such salts or materials. These substances now rendered
sensitive to humidity will swell or expand with moisture, and shrink or contract
with drought, and this movement in a multiplied degree is made to express
the various changes.
AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF BUILDING OR CONSTRUCTION APPLICABLE TO ARCHITECTURAL AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Strangman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th April
1861.
I, EDWARD STRANGMAN, of Waterford, Ireland, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF BUILDING OR CONSTRUCTION
APPLICABLE TO ARCHITECTURAL AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This improved system is applicable to the building or construction of quays,
docks, piers, harbours, breakwaters, lighthouses, and other structures, either
wholly or partially under water, and also of churches, warehouses, dwelling
houses, and other public or private buildings or erections on land, and may also
be used as a substitute for concrete or piles, as a foundation for buildings on
marshy or boggy land, and in other places where an artificial foundation may
be required.
The Invention consists in the substitution for the masonry, brickwork, or
other material usually employed for such purposes of hollow boxes or cells of
cast iron bolted together by their sides, such boxes or cells being of a
rectangular, hexagonal, octagonal, or other suitable form, and being either
cubical, or of any depth or thickness in proportion to their diameter or super-
ficial area as may be required to give strength or solidity necessary for the
purpose to which they may be applied. These cast-iron boxes or cells may be
either left open or cased in on the inside, and may (if preferred) be filled up

page_text: solid with rough stone, brick, or timberwork, according to the nature of the
building, or part of the building for which they are employed, and in some
cases the walls or structures thus formed may be faced externally with
masonry, brickwork, or piles, the main feature of the Invention consisting in
the introduction into such structures of hollow boxes or cells of cast iron
bolted together, as being stronger, more economical, and easier of repair than
the materials hitherto used for such purposes.
AN IMPROVED WARMING HASSOCK OR FOOTSTOOL
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Roberts at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th January 1861.
I, JOHN ROBERTS, of Upnor, in the County of Kent, Terra Cotta Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
WARMING HASSOCK OR FOOTSTOOL," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel construction of hassock or footstool, by the
use of which the feet of invalids and others may be kept warm. To this end
I provide a water-tight vessel of zinc, giving it either a circular, oval, or other
form, as desired, taking care that it has no projecting angles or corners. The
vessel, when shallow, I raise to the required height by means of a rim, which
is formed by continuing the sides of the vessel downwards beyond the bottom
of the vessel, and within this rim, which must be thickened at its edge to give
it a good bearing on the floor, I introduce an inner support, either annular or
otherwise. Within the vessel I provide a similar support for the top of the
stool that it may not buckle under the pressure of the foot of the person using
it. This internal support I secure by solder or otherwise to the bottom of the
vessel. To gain access to the interior of the vessel I provide a screw plug.
The withdrawal of this plug allows of the insertion of boiling water in the
vessel, and when the plug is replaced the vessel may be carried about without
risk of the water leaking. To facilitate the carrying of the vessel I provide
hinged or moveable lugs at the opposite side thereof, which may be covered
with wood or other non-conductor of heat. The vessel thus constructed I cover

page_text: with a felt or other suitable covering, which will give it the appearance of any
ordinary footstool or hassock, and besides retarding the radiation of the heat,
will qualify its action and make the heat given off' more equable than if
received by the feet from direct contact with the bare metal. When applying
the Invention to footstools used under the writing table or desk I propose to
slant the top of the stool to render it more convenient to the sitter.
AN IMPROVED STEAM DIGGING MACHINE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Denis Rérolle at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd October
1861.
I, DENIS RÉROLLE, of 2, Rue Ste. Appoline, Paris, France, and of 4, South
Street, Finsbury, London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention of "AN IMPROVED STEAM DIGGING MACHINE," to be as follows, that is
to say :-
My improved steam digger is applicable, 1st, to digging the earth and
carrying it; 2ndly, to tilling arable lands; 3rdly, to carrying only the earth or
any other weight; 4thly, to digging common or drainage ditches; 5thly, for
cutting soft rock, and is composed of four distinct and essential parts,-1st, the
steam engine; 2ndly, the locomotive apparatus; 3rdly, the apparatus for
digging the earth; 4thly, the mechanism for carrying the earth.
The steam engine can be furnished with an air condenser for economising
water.
The locomotive part of the machine consists, 1st, in the employment of
motive wheels like the wheels of ordinary carriages which move on the soil as
usual; 2ndly, in the employment of a front train of wheels of large diameter,
which, by means of two axles, one fixed, the other oscillating, permits of easily
giving the required direction to the machine.
The apparatus for digging consists of a wheel with teeth, which turning
from below upwards, raises the earth & throws it off in such a way as to allow
the passage of the machine. This wheel is put in motion by another wheel

page_text: with rollers which catches directly with its teeth; it is usually furnished with
scrapers.
The apparatus for carrying the earth is sometimes not used, it may consist
merely of an inclined plane or of an endless cloth or band having two motions,
one in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the digger for carrying the earth
to a certain height, the other for transporting it in a direction parallel to that
of the digger, which is always accompanied by the endless band. When the
distance is long this band is made to pass over a line of small cars, each
having a small endless cloth or band placed underneath the band with earth;
these small cars, the axles of which are connected together by joints parallel
to the moving axle of the digger, receive from the latter the carrying move-
ment; the endless bands of the small cars are moved by another line of
jointed axles, & take along in their movement the band which carries the
earth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF, AND APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING BETWEEN THE GUARDS OR THE PASSENGERS AND THE ENGINE DRIVERS OF RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Wyburd Furrell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st February 1861.
I, EDWARD WYBURD FURRELL, of Kensington, in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF, AND APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING BETWEEN
THE GUARDS OR THE PASSENGERS AND THE ENGINE DRIVERS OF RAILWAY TRAINS,"
to be as follows:-
A pulley (which I call pulley No. 1) is to be fitted in a plummer block at
the side and near the edge on the roof of the break van at such a height that
the cord herein-after mentioned shall just clear the tops of the carriages.
Another pulley (which I call pulley No. 2) is to be fitted on the engine, to
act in a direct line and on a level, or as nearly so as may be, with pulley
No. 1. A pulley (which I call pulley No. 3) is to be fixed on the spindle of
the cock of the whistle of the steam engine; and another pulley (which I call
pulley No. 4) is to be fitted on the engine, to act in a direct line with pulley
No. 3. Pulleys Nos. 2 and 4 are to be fixed upon the same spindle or axle.
An endless elastic cord (the material known as vulcanized india-rubber will
answer the purpose) is to be passed round or over and to connect together
pullies Nos. 1 and 2 on a stretch or tension, rendering the same taut; a
similar endless cord is to be passed on a like stretch or tension round or over
and to connect together pullies Nos. 3 and 4. The spindle or axle of pullies

page_text: Nos. 2 and 4 may be arranged or mounted on an iron bracket securely fastened
to the chimney or other convenient part of the steam engine. All the pullies
are to be deeply grooved and to run easy. The guards or the passengers, by
pulling lengthwise the cord which will pass along the edge of the line of
carriages a little above their tops will open the whistle and alarm the engine
driver. The attention of the engine driver being attracted by a guard, an
exhibition and interchange of signals may be had. When communication is
allowed to the passengers, a guard making communication may at the same
time exhibit a signal, which, in most cases, will serve to inform the engino
driver that it is his and not a passenger's communication. When it is not
desired to give the means of communication to the passengers, the arrange-
ment of the pulleys is to be so far varied that the cord may pass over the
carriages in the centre or otherwise out of their reach. If desired, a bell
might be introduced into the break van to be acted on by the motion of the
cord. The whistle at present in use on the steam engine may be adapted to
the purposes of my Invention, or a separate and independent whistle may be
provided, and it may have a different tone from that already in use, that the
action as well as the warning of each may be separate and distinct from the
other.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OR APPLYING WROUGHT IRON OR STEEL PLATES TO THE COVERING AND PROTECTION FROM THE EFFECTS OF SHOT AND SHELL OF FORTS, BUILDINGS, FLOATING VESSELS, AND OTHER CONSTRUCTIONS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Webb Sheilds at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
September 1861.
I, FRANCIS WEBB SHEILDS, of 47, Parliament Street, Westminster, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OR APPLYING WROUGHT IRON OR
STEEL PLATES TO THE COVERING AND PROTECTION FROM THE EFFECTS OF SHOT AND
SHELL OF FORTS, BUILDINGS, FLOATING VESSELS, AND OTHER CONSTRUCTIONS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists of the fastening or securing of two or more plies or
tiers of wrought iron or steel plates together in such a manner that not only
the requisite mass or thickness of iron or steel covering necessary for resisting
the effect of shot or shell shall be obtained, but that the whole of such
covering to such construction as above mentioned shall be connected together
and united into one mass, instead of being fixed on in separate and detached
plates as heretofore; and also so united that if the outside tier or ply of such
plates be destroyed, the inner tier or tiers shall still be held together or in
their place, and be capable of presenting a continued resistance to the shot or
shell fired against them.
I
I propose for these purposes to employ as a covering to the construction
either in conjunction or not in conjunction with an internal or external
backing or framing of any description, two, three, or more plates of wrought
iron or steel of any thickness, or of such varying thicknesses as may be found

page_text: convenient in each case, overlapping or breaking joint with each other, and
fastened together by tap screws screwed through some or all of the plies of
plate of which the covering is composed, so as to form an independent
connection of each plate with the other plates which lie under or over it; and
I claim as the peculiarity of this Invention the combination of the overlap or
breaking joint of the plates with the use of tap-screw fastenings; and the
accompanying Drawings exhibit an example of three plies or tiers of plates
so fastened together, as herein-before described, wherein Fig. 1 represents a
front view either of the external or internal part of the covering, and Fig. 2
represents an enlarged section shewing plates and tap screws.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GIVING MOTION TO PLOUGHS, CULTIVATORS, AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th June
1861.
I, WILLIAM SMITH, of Little Woolstone, in the County of Bucks, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
GIVING MOTION TO PLOUGHS, CULTIVATORS, AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for giving
motion to ploughs, cultivators, and other agricultural implements. For these
purposes two drums or cylinders are used, and are placed on the same shaft
or axis in such manner that one at a time only of the drums or cylinders
revolves on or with such shaft or axis. These drums or cylinders are, as
heretofore, suitable for winding and unwinding the wire rope to which the
agricultural implements are attached. The shaft or axis receives motion. (or
the drums or cylinders thereon) from a steam engine, by means of an endless
chain which gears into a chain wheel on the shaft or axis, on which the drums
or cylinders are placed, the steam engine giving motion to a smaller, chain
wheel, with which the endless chain also gears. It is preferred that the
chain wheel, which is on the same shaft or axis as the drums or cylinders,
should be between the two drums or cylinders, but this is not essential. The
drums or cylinders are each capable of being held by clutches, one part being
affixed to the nave of the cylinder or drum, and the other part capable of

page_text: sliding on the shaft or axis; and there is a wedge or filling piece introduced
when the clutches of one of the cylinders or drums are engaged, so as to keep
them engaged till the plough or other agricultural implement attached to the
rope comes to the end of a bout, when the wedge or filling piece is to bo
removed; the steam engine is also stopped when, by reason of there being
inclined or screw thread feathers on the axis or shaft, or on the nave of the
chain wheel thereon, and in the sliding part of the clutch, such part of the
clutch will be caused to slide along the shaft or axis, and to disengage itself
from the other part of the clutch which is on the drum or cylinder by reason
of the tension on the wire rope causing such drum or cylinder to make a
partial back turn. It should be stated that both of the cylinders or drums
are similarly actuated, so that the description above given as to one applies to
both.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR WINDING UP FUSEE WATCHES AND POCKET CHRONOMETERS, AND SETTING THE HANDS WITHOUT KEY
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Chalfont and David
Keys at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 17th December 1861.
We, JOHN WILLIAM CHALFONT, of No. 7, Denmark Grove, in the Parish
of Islington, in the County of Middlesex, Watch Maker, and DAVID KEYS, of
No. 15, Craven Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Watch Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR WINDING UP FUSEE WATCHES AND POCKET
CHRONOMETERS, AND SETTING THE HANDS WITHOUT KEY," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improvement in the mode of winding and
setting hands without the aid of a key to fusee watches and pocket chro-
nometers at the pendant. Our plan is as follows:-On the axis of the fusee
either top or bottom is fixed a wheel, into which acts another attached to a
ratchet; over the ratchet runs a wheel in gear with a contrate wheel, the
arbour of which goes through the pendant, that may be turned by a small
knob, which is also in action with a click spring, this spring is fastened in a
box that is detained by another spring, so that when the wheel in action with
the click is turned, it brings the click in action with the ratchet, and thereby
the watch is wound up. When the detaining spring is pushed away by a
piece projecting from the side of the case, it leaves the click free of the
ratchet, at the same time taking an intermediate wheel into gear with the
minute wheel, thereby enabling the hands to be set either way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING MACHINES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd October 1861.-A communication from abroad by Cyrus Hall
McCormick, of Chicago, United States of America.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING MACHINES," (communicated to me from abroad
by Cyrus Hall McCormick, of Chicago, United States of America,) to be as
follows:-
The object of the present Invention is to obtain the delivery of the cut crop
from the side of the platform of the machine.
The Invention consists in the employment of a rake head to take the
place of one of the ribs or vanes of the reel in gathering the grain or
crop to the platform, which rake head is made to act as hereafter
explained. The teeth of the rake project beyond the other ribs, and come
close to the platform. When the rake head reaches over the platform at the
cutting blades it leaves the circle of the reel, and passes over the surface of
the platform in a horizontal direction, or nearly so, and pushes or pitches the
cut corn or other crop from off the side of the platform, the rake then rises
and regains its position as a rib or vane of the reel. The rake is connected
The machinery consists
with machinery, which works it by means of an arm.
of an excentric with a pulley fastened to the reel post in connection with a
crank and levers attached to the reel shaft, the end of which passes through
the vertical excentric.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING BONES AND GELATINE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Richardson and Robert
Irvine at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 25th October 1861.
We, THOMAS RICHARDSON, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, and ROBERT IRVINE, of
Hurlet, Renfrewshire, Analytical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of
the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING BONES AND GELATINE," to be as
follows:-
These improvements consist in treating bones with muriatic acid or weak
sulphuric acid to dissolve out a portion of the mineral matter they contain,
and in subjecting the bones so treated to the action of sulphurous acid.
These improvements further consist in treating bones with sulphurous acid
to dissolve out a portion of the mineral matter they contain, and in subjecting
the bones so treated to the action of muriatic acid or weak sulphuric acid.
These improvements further consist in treating the gelatine obtained from
bones by either of the above plans, or by muriatic acid alone, with the sul-
phates, sulphites, hyposulphites, phosphates, or silicates of the alkalies, or with
a solution of the diphosphates of lime and magnesia in sulphurous acid.
These improvements further consist in increasing the sizing properties and
hardness of gelatine obtained from any source by the addition of one or more
of the phosphates of lime and magnesia or the silicates of the alkalies and
bichromate of potash.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ORNAMENTA- TION OF TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Thiébaut, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
December 1861.
I, JOSEPH THIÉBAUT, of Mile End, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ORNAMENTA-
TION OF TEXTILE FABRICS," to be as follows (that is to say):-
My Invention has reference to the ornamentation of textile fabrics, such as
muslin, net, silk, velvet, cloth, or otherwise, and consists in printing or produc-
ing thereon ornamental designs or devices by means of the granulated mineral
or sparkling metallic substance commercially known as steel dust, the said
metallic substance being caused to adhere in such parts, as may be required,
and thus form the device or design through the medium of any suitable size
or cement.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF COLLECTING LETTERS, NEWSPAPERS, AND OTHER MAIL MATTERS IN CITIES AND TOWNS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wright at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th April
1861. A communication from abroad by John B. Murray, Banker,
New York, United States of America.
I, JAMES WRIGHT, of 42, Bridge Street, Blackfriars, in the City of
London, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF COLLECTING LETTERS, NEWSPAPERS, AND OTHER MAIL
MATTERS IN CITIES AND TOWNS," a communication to me from abroad by John
B. Murray, Banker, New York, United States of America, to be as follows,
that is to say:-
My Invention consists in combining a receiving letter box with a city
railway or tramway carriage. The box may be of any convenient form,
having the requisite slit or aperture for receiving the letters, and may be
placed in any portion of the vehicle most easily got at, preferably in cars or
omnibuses at the rear, the box to be locked with a mail key, which remains
with the Post Office authorities. As most lines of tramways or omnibuses
converge to the business centres, near which the post office is situated, by
combining a receiving letter box with such conveyances a constant and rapid
transmission of letters from distant points to or from the central office to
outlying offices could be easily and cheaply maintained, even at less cost and
much more quickly than by the present mode of collecting in stationary boxes
or pillars at stated periods.
AN IMPROVED SELF-ACTING TAP OR APPARATUS FOR THE CONVENIENT PASSAGE OF LIGHTED GAS OR OTHER ILLUMINATING FLUID OR LIQUID, AND PARTICULARLY ADAPTED FOR LIGHTING CIGARS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Browne at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents,, with his Petition, on the 1st August
1861. A communication from abroad by Theodore Byron Hubbell, of
Bridgeport, Connecticut, in the United States of America.
I, BENJAMIN BROWNE, of No. 52, King William Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent and Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SELF-ACTING TAP OR APPARATUS FOR THE
CONVENIENT PASSAGE OF LIGHTED GAS OR OTHER ILLUMINATING FLUID OR LIQUID,
AND PARTICULARLY ADAPTED FOR LIGHTING CIGARS," (communicated to me from
abroad by Theodore Byron Hubbell, of Bridgeport, Connecticut, in the United
States of America), to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a bent tube intended to be screwed against a
wall. One end of this tube fits into a pipe, through which gas or other
illuminating fluid or liquid passes, and to the other and short bent end an
elastic air-tight tube is fixed, two or three feet long, to which is also fixed a
small bent tube serving as the plug of a cock, and fitting into a hole in a
piece of metal constituting the seat of the cock, same being formed with an
arm, through the end of which a screw is passed, the point of which rests
upon the before-mentioned small bent tube, said screw being employed to
adjust the extent to which the opening in the cock is uncovered when out of
use, or, if necessary, to close it entirely. A jet or small burner is fixed into
the top of the cock seat, and to the bottom thereof a handle is affixed. The

page_text: action of the apparatus is as follows:- When out of use there will be but a
small body of flame from the burner, but upon lifting the cock up by the
handle, the weight of the flexible tube will cause the small bent tube or plug
of the cock to turn in its seat, thereby uncovering the opening therein, and
increasing the volume of the flame, thus rendering it fit for use, either for
lighting cigars, sealing parcels, and many other purposes both commercial and
domestic. Upon releasing the handle, the opening in the cock will neces-
sarily be contracted and the flame diminished, or, if necessary, extinguished
with unerring certainty, and comparatively by self-acting means, as above
described.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SACKING OF BEDSTEADS AND COUCHES, AND OTHER ARTICLES USED FOR SITTING, LYING, OR RECLINING UPON
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Leeland at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th June
1861.
I, JOHN LEELAND, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SACKING OF BEDSTEADS AND COUCHES, AND OTHER ARTICLES
USED FOR SITTING, LYING, OR RECLINING UPON," to be as follows:-
I make the sacking of bedsteads, couches, and other like articles of metallic
laths, extending from one side of the framing of the sacking to the other side
of the said framing, the said laths being all placed parallel to one another,
and without being crossed by other laths, as in the ordinary construction.
The said laths are made of strips of sheet metal, the said strips having a
nearly semi-tubular or trough-like form. The convex side of each lath is
placed uppermost, and underneath cach lath a thin bar is fixed, one edge
of the said bar being placed in contact with the concave surface of the lath.
and rivetted thereto. In cross section, the end of the bar has the position of
a radius to the curve of the lath. Portions are cut away from each end of the
laths, so as to permit of the laths resting on the tops of the angle iron or other
framing of the sacking, and engaging between the opposite edges of the said
framing. The laths are thereby prevented from having motion longitudinally.
They are prevented from moving laterally in the following manner :-On the
top of the angle iron or framing, semi-tubular plates are fixed, the said plates
running all along the sides of the framing on which the ends of the laths rest.

page_text: The said plates cover the top sides of the framing, and at the required intervals
pieces are cut from the said plates, and through the openings thus made the
ends of the laths pass and rest on the framing. I make the several parts
by preference of iron, but do not limit myself to the use of any particular
material.