IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING MILLS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Friedrich Carl Glaser, of 92, Lindenstrasse, Berlin, in the⚫
Kingdom of Prussia and Empire of Germany, Engineer and Patent Agent, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING MILLS." A communication from.
Conrad Erdmann, of Duisburg on the Rhine, Prussia, Germany.
Sealed the 14th May 1880, and dated the 25th November 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Friedrich Carl Glaser at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th November 1879.
FRIEDRICH CARL GLASER, of 92, Lindenstrasse, Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia
and Empire of Germany, Engineer and Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING
MILLS." A communication from Conrad Erdmann, of Duisburg on the Rhine,
Prussia, Germany.
The conditions which must obtain in a three cylinder rolling mill for the pro-
duction of bars of any section, so that the same shall be profitably worked, are the
following:-
1. It must be practicable to stop the rolls during the time of working the train
of rolls.
2. This must be quickly and conveniently effected, and each roll must be inde-
pendent of the other.
3. It must be worked without danger.
4. It must be so arranged that bars of the required dimensions, that is to say,
the required distance from centre to centre of the rolls, may be obtained in the most
exact manner without lengthy trials.
5. The rolling mill must work with absolute roll pressure, that is to say, the
roll pressure is to be transferred direct from the axes of the two simultaneou-ly
working rolls to the standards without pressure on the axis of the third, at this
moment running empty, as otherwise inutilised or useless friction results, and a
considerable fraction of the driving power is thereby wasted, apart from the well
known danger of heated bearings.
6. One and the same set of component parts (bearings, bearing frames, and
adjusting mechanism) must be and continue to be employed, even although the
diameter of the peripheries of the rolls, and thereby the distance apart of the roll

page_text: centres, may diminish about 20 per cent. (in consequence of the turning down of the
worn periphery).
7. The rolls must always lie close up to the bearings, that is to say, they should
not jolt to and fro in the horizontal direction or in the direction taken by the rolled
bar in its passage through the rolls.
8. All wearing parts must be replaced quickly, conveniently, and without
danger.
All these conditions are fulfilled in a more perfect manner than hitherto by the
rolling-mill the subject of this Invention, which is represented on the accompanying
Sheet of Drawing, as will be seen on examining the same.
Accordingly as the lower or middle roll is driven direct from the motor, it is
customary to arrange the lower or middle roll in a fixed position in the standard,
and adjust the other two rolls. This circumstance also deinands in the case of this
improved system of construction a corresponding detail, and Figs. 1 and 2 represent
the standard for fixed lower, and Fig. 7 for fixed middle roll. In both cases the
upper roll is secured in the head of the standard by the ordinary holding bolts a,
but this suspension is however improved in so far that the holding bolts are fixed
in the upper built in part b, whilst the lower built in part o, which merely serves as
a bearing cover for carrying the weight of the roll, is attached by means of special
short screws & to the upper built in part. By this means any brake pressure on the
journals originated by putting in operation the middle pressure screw spindle will
be diminished.
The arrangement of the middle roll relatively to the lower roll is however
altogether new and special.
In the case of a fixed lower roll (Figs. 1 and 2) the important feature of the con-
struction consists in the lower and upper bearing of the middle roll lying between
the ends of specially formed carrying and supporting levers e, which carry over
direct to the side columns of the standard the roll pressure, which acts on the
bearings, as also the weight of the roll. These levers lie in recesses fcast in the
standard, and are supported with the outer ends by means of the set screws g on
tappets h, which are cast on the outside of the standards i. This method of con-
struction insures within very wide limits (Fig. 2 shows the built in part with new
rolls, and Fig. 1 with old rolls) such a certain and exact adjustment of the middle
roll as practical working requires, and this adjustment may be effected during the
working of the rolls, which is of great importance to the profitable working of the
apparatus, as by this means the otherwise protracted trials of newly placed or
adjusted rolls are avoided, and the loss of time occasioned thereby reduced to a
minimum. With respect to the exactness of the adjustment, it may by way of
example be remarked that when the proportion of the geometrical length of the
lever arm is taken as 1:3, and a pitch of 6 millimetres given to the threads of the
set screws, an adjustment of '/ × 6 × = millimétre is given to the roll by
one twelfth of a turn of the nut of the said set screws, which is more than is
required in practice. A prominent feature is the absolute safety insured, and in
consequence thereof convenience and certainty in the adjustment of the revolving
rolls, because for the purposes of adjustment nothing whatever has to be done in
proximity with the couplings. The most important advantage of this construction
lies however in the thorough relief from load of the empty going third roll (one of
the aforesaid conditions), and in this feature not being varied either through uegli-
gence or any other circumstances occurring in the working, as is the case with
respect to all other hitherto known constructions. In addition to this the separate
parts are more simple, strong, and open to inspection than is possible in construc-
tions where adjusting wedges are used.
The projections k usually provided at the inner side of the standards on the
built in or bearing parts are transferred to the outer side, and the otherwise cus
tomary pressure screws are changed to draught screws (1, Figs. 5 and 6), by which
means a building out of the collective bearing mountings or separate parts of the

page_text: same is rendered practicable without necessitating any alteration in the position of
the standards or lifting out of the rolls.
In order that the journals may be firmly secured within their bearings in a hori-
zontal direction unaffected by wear, the side bearings m on each side as usual are
so formed that they always tighten themselves up; they are only put in loose from
above into corresponding recesses in the bearing blocks, and unsymetrically relative
to the horizontal plane of the journals.
The modification represented in Fig. 7 of the before described standard construc-
tion for the case in which the middle roll is fixed is clearly shown in the Drawing.
In this case the lower bearing of the middle roll is laid on tappets fixed in the
standard, and only requires the pressure from the adjustable lower bearing of
the lower roller and the upper bearing of the middle roller to be taken up by the
carrying lever and transferred direct to the standard.
It is of course understood that the nuts of the set screws of the carrying or
working lever are suitably secured against becoming loose, and this detail is
omitted in the Drawing as being immaterial.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Friedrich Carl Glaser in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st
May 1880.
FRIEDRICH CARL Glaser, of 92, Lindenstrasse, Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia
and Empire of Germany, Engineer and Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING
MILLS." A communication froin Conrad Erdinann, of Duisburg on the Rhine,
Prussia, Germany.
The conditions which must obtain in a three cylinder rolling mill for the pro-
duction of bars of any section, so that the same shall be profitably worked, are the
following:-
1. It must be practicable to stop the rolls during the time of working the train
of rolls.
2. This must be quickly and conveniently effected, and each roll must be inde-
pendent of the other.
3. It must be worked without danger.
4. It must be so arranged that bars of the required dimensions, that is to say,
the required distance from centre to centre of the rolls, may be obtained in the most
exact manner without lengthy trials.
5. The rolling mill must work with absolute roll pressure, that is to say, the roll
pressure is to be transferred direct from the axes of the two simultaneously working
rolls to the standards without pressure on the axis of the third, at this moment
running empty, as otherwise inutilised or useless friction results, and a considerable
fraction of the driving power is thereby wasted, apart from the well known danger
of heated bearings.
6. One and the same set of component parts (bearings, bearing frames, and
adjusting mechanism) must be and continue to be employed, even although the
diameter of the peripheries of the rolls, and thereby the distance apart of the roll
centres, may diminish about 20 per cent. (in consequence of the turning down of the
worn periphery).
7. The rolls must always lie close up to the bearings, that is to say, they should
not jolt to and fro in the horizontal direction or in the direction taken by the rolled
bar in its passage through the rolls.
8. All wearing parts must be replaced quickly, conveniently, and without
danger.
All these conditions are fulfilled in a more perfect manner than hitherto by the
rolling mill the subject of this Invention, which is represented on the accompanying
Sheet of Drawing, as will be seen on examining the same.
Accordingly as the lower or middle roll is driven direct from the motor, it is
customary to arrange the lower or middle roll in a fixed position in the standard,
and adjust the other two rolls. This circumstance also demands in the case of this
improved system of construction a corresponding detail, and Figs. 1 and 2 represent
the standard for fixed lower, and Fig. 7 for fixed middle roll. In both cases the
upper roll is secured in the head of the standard by the ordinary holding bolts a,
but this suspension is however improved in so far that the holding bolts are fixed
in the upper built in part b, whilst the lower built in part c, which merely serves
as a bearing cover for carrying the weight of the roll, is attached by means of special
short screws d to the upper built in part. By this means any brake pressure on the
journals originated by putting in operation the middle pressure screw spindle will
be diminished.

page_text: The arrangement of the middle roll relatively to the lower roll is however
altogether new and special.
In the case of a fixed lower roll (Figs. 1 and 2) the important feature of the con-
struction consists in the lower and upper bearing of the middle roll lying between
the ends of specially formed carrying and supporting levers e, which carry over
direct to the side columns of the standard the roll pressure, which acts on the
bearings, as also the weight of the roll. These levers lie in recesses of cast in the
standard, and are supported with the outer ends by means of the set screws y on
tappets h, which are cast on the outside of the standards i. This method of con-
struction insures within very wide limits (Fig. 2 shows the built in part with new
rolls, and Fig. 1 with old rolls) such a certain and exact adjustment of the middle
roll as practical working requires, and this adjustment may be effected during the
working of the rolls, which is of great importance to the profitable working of the
apparatus, as by this means the otherwise protracted trials of newly placed or
adjusted rolls are avoided, and the loss of time occasioned thereby reduced to a
minimum. With respect to the exactness of the adjustment, it may by way of
example be remarked that when the proportion of the geometrical length of the
lever arm is taken as 1:3, and a pitch of 6 millimetres given to the threads of the
set screws, an adjustment of 1/12 × 6 × = 1 millimètre is given to the roll by
one twelfth of a turn of the nut of the said set screws, which is more than is
required in practice. A prominent feature is the absolute safety insured, and in
consequence thereof convenience and certainty in the adjustment of the revolving
rolls, because for the purposes of adjustment nothing whatever has to be done in
proximity to the couplings. The most important advantage of this construction
lies however in the thorough relief from load of the empty going third roll (one of
the aforesaid conditions), and in this feature not being varied either through negli-
gence or any other circumstances occurring in the working, as is the case with
respect to all other hitherto known constructions. In addition to this the separate
parts are more simple, strong, and open to inspection than is possible in construc-
tions where adjusting wedges are used.
The projections usually provided at the inner side of the standards on the built
in or bearing parts are transferred to the outer side, and the otherwise customary
pressure screws are changed to draught screws (1, Figs. 5 and 6), by which means
a building out of the collective bearing mountings or separate parts of the same is
rendered practicable without necessitating any alteration in the position of the
standards or lifting out of the rolls.
In order that the journals may be firmly secured within their bearings in a hori-
zontal direction unaffected by wear, the side bearings m on each side as usual are
so formed that they always tighten themselves up; they are only put in loose from
above into corresponding recesses in the bearing blocks, and unsymetrically relative
to the horizontal plane of the journals.
The modification represented in Fig. 7 of the before described standard construc-
tion for the case in which the middle roll is fixed is clearly shewn on the Drawing.
In this case the lower bearing of the middle roll is laid on tappets fixed in the
standards, and only requires the pressure from the adjustable lower bearing of
the lower roller and the upper bearing of the middle roller to be taken up by the
carrying lever and transferred direct to the standard.
It is of course understood that the nuts of the set screws of the carrying or
working lever are suitably secured against becoming loose, and this detail is
omitted in the Drawing as being immaterial.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of the Invention communi-
cated to me as aforesaid, and in what manner the same is or may be performed,
what
I claim as secured to me by the herein before in part recited Letters Patent is,--
The carrying lever e of the roll bearing frame, with the set screws g and tappets h,

page_text: for the direct transfer of the roll pressure on to the standards, substantially as
hereinbefore described, it being immaterial to which of the rolls this construction is
applied (upper, middle, or lower roll).
In witness whereof, I, the said Friedrich Carl Glaser, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
T OLD
F. C. CLASE