IMPROVEMENTS IN DRILLING APPARATUS
Year: 1874

page_text: .
LETTERS PATENT to John McKay, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the
County of Northumberland, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DRILLING APPARATUS."
Sealed the 26th June 1874, and dated the 15th April 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John M°Kay at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th April 1874.
I, JOHN MCKAY, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the County of North-
umberland, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DRILLING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to insure the boring or drilling of
holes with accuracy as well as quickness.
A great difficulty has hitherto existed in drilling the holes in tube or
other plates with correctness, to overcome which it is proposed to insert
a cutter or cutters of suitable length into a corresponding hole or holes
formed in (at certain distances apart around and parallel to its longi-

page_text: tudinal axis) a cylindrical or other shaped stock or holder, and extending
from the end face of the same to a depth equal to (or nearly so) to that
of the said cutter or cutters.
A similar hole is also formed in the centre of the stock or holder, into
which a centre pin is inserted, forming an axis as it were to the stock
or holder, and round which the said cutter or cutters revolve when in
action.
The cutters and centre pin are each fitted at their upper or inner ends
with suitable packing rings, and are free to move in and out of the stock
or holder as required.
Inside the holder or stock at the back of and common to the cutters
and centre pin is a space or chamber containing some suitable liquid,
which acts upon the ends of the cutters and centre pin as a medium,
thereby securing an uniform compensating action of the same and the
drilling of a fair and true hole through the plate, against which they
revolve; or in lieu of the liquid named levers, springs, or any other
suitable contrivance may be used to produce a compensating action of
the cutters and centre pin.
The relative movement of the cutter or cutters and centre pin will
always be regulated by their respective areas, and if preferred springs
may be inserted above the centre pin and below the head of cutter or
heads of cutters to bring them back to position after cutting a hole.
In some cases the contro nin mox he disnonced with

page_text: year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said John McKay, Her special license that
I, the said John McKay, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said John McKay, my executors, adminis-
trators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time, and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, usc, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an ·
1. Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRILLING
APPARATUS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John
McKay, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and scal, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
3 Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John McKay, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say:
The object of this Invention is to insure the boring or drilling of holes
with accuracy as well as quickness.
A great difficulty has hitherto existed in drilling the holes in tube or
other plates or articles with correctness, to overcome which it is pro-
posed to insert a cutter or cutters of suitable length into a corresponding
hole or holes formed in (at certain distances apart around and parallel
to its longitudinal axis) a cylindrical or other shaped stock or holder,
and extending from the end face of the same to a depth equal to (or
nearly so) to that of the said cutter or cutters.
A similar hole is also formed in the centre of the stock or holder, into
which hole a centre pin is inserted, forming an axis as it were to the
stock or holder, and round which the said cutter or cutters revolve when
in action.
The cutters and centre pin are each fitted at their upper or inner ends

page_text: with suitable packing rings, and are free to move in and out of the stock
or holder as required.
Inside the holder or stock at the back of and common to the cutters
and centre pin is a space or chamber containing some suitable liquid,
which acts upon the ends of the cutters and centre pin as a medium, 5
thereby securing an uniform compensating action of the same, and the
drilling of a fair and true hole through the plate, against which they
revolve.
The relative movement of the cutter or cutters and centre pin will
always be regulated by their respective areas, and if preferred springs 1
may be inserted above the centre pin and below the head of cutter or
heads of cutters to bring them back to position after cutting a hole.
In some cases the centre pin may be dispensed with.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that 1
purpose shall refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of
Drawings, the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts
in all the Figures.
Figure 1 is an end elevation of one form of my improved drilling
apparatus; Figure 2 a side elevation of the same; Figure 3 a sido 2
sectional elevation of the same on line 1-2 in Figure 1; Figure 4
a sectional view of the same on line 3-4 in Figure 3; and Figure 5 a
bottom view of the same.
A, A, are cutters secured by set screws, as shewn, or otherwise into
the lower ends of cylindrical or other suitably shaped rams or 2
carriers B, B, which are inserted with the said cutters and slide, or
reciprocate longitudinally within corresponding holes or chambers C, C,
formed in and at equal distances from and parallel to the axis of an
oblong, cylindrical, or other shaped stock or holder D. Tho said
chambers are at any required distance apart, and extend back from the a
end face of the stock or holder D to any desired depth in the same. E is
a centre pin screwed or otherwise secured to the lower end of a
cylindrical or other shaped ram or carrier F, which is inserted and slides
longitudinally within a corresponding hole or chamber G formed in the
centre of the stock or holder D, which is similar to the holes or 3
chambers C, C. The centre pin E and its ram or carrier F forms the axis

page_text: as it were to the stock or holder D, round which axis the cutters A, A,
revolve when in action. a, a, a, are packing rings or washers of leather
or other suitable material placed round the upper ends of the rams or
carriers B, B, and F for the purpose of preserving water-tight joints
between the latter and the chambers C, C, and G, in which they
respectively slide or reciprocate. Inside the stock or holder D, between
its upper internal end and the upper ends of the rams or carriers C, C,
of the cutters A, A, and the ram or carrier F of the centre pin or
axis E, is a space or chamber C, G, C, which is common to all the said
rams or carriers, and contains water or other suitable liquid, which acts
upon the upper ends of the rams or carriers B, B, and F as a medium,
whereby an uniform compensating action of the cutters A, A, and
centre pin or axis E is obtained, and the drilling of a fair and true hole
through the plate or other article against which they revolve is ensured.
His a cross bar passing transversely and horizontally through and fixed
in the ram or carrier F of the centre pin or axis E, and through longi-
tudinal slots x in each side of the stock or holder D, as shown. This
cross bar forms a retaining stop to the ram or carrier F, whilst the latter'
is sliding or reciprocating in or out of its hole or chamber G. I, I, are
similar cross bars passing transversely and horizontally through and
fixed in the rams or carriers B, B, of the cutters A, A, and through
longitudinal slots y in each side of the stock or holder D. When
desired the cross bars I, I, project beyond the latter on each side, as
shewn, and are connected at their projecting ends by links or cross
bars K, K, to the middle portions of which are attached the lower ends
of spiral or other springs L, L, extending upwards and attached at their
upper ends to studs or arms v, v, projecting from each side of the stock
or holder D. These springs (acting through the liquid medium) serve
to bring back the cutters A, A, with their rams or carriers B, B, and tho
centre pin or axis E with its ram or carrier F, into their normal position
after cutting or drilling a hole. c is an opening (closed by a screw plug
as shewn) in the top of the stock or holder D, through which opening
the upper space or chamber C, G, C, is charged with water or other
liquid.
Figure 6 is an elevation shewing a modification of my improved
drilling apparatus as adapted for boring or drilling smaller holes;
Figure 7 is a sectional clevation of the same on line 5-6, Figure 6;
Figure 8, a sectional view of the same on line 7-8 in Figure 7; and
Figure 9, a bottom view of the same.

page_text: A', A¹, represent the cutters placed at any required distance apart
equally on each side of the centre of the ram or carrier B', into the
lower end of which they are secured by set screws, as shewn. The
ram or carrier B' slides or reciprocates longitudinally in a corresponding
hole or chamber C¹ formed in the centre of and extending back to any
desired depth from the end face of the cylindrical stock or holder D'.
Passing longitudinally through the centre of the lower portion of the
ram or carrier B₁ is the centre pin or axis E¹ to the stock or holder D',
round which axis the cutters A¹, A¹, revolve when in action. This
centre pin or axis is formed at its upper end with a ram or piston F¹,
which slides or reciprocates in a cylindrical hole or chamber G formed
longitudinally in the upper portion of the ram or carrier B', which with
the ram or piston F" are surrounded by packing rings or washers a¹, a¹,
of leather or other material for preserving water-tight joints with their
respective chambers. C¹, G¹, is the fluid space or chamber at the upper
inside portion of the stock or holder D¹, which space or chamber is
common to the ram or carrier B' of the cutters A¹, A', and the ram or
piston F¹ of the centre pin or axis E', and contains water or other fluid,
which produces a similar compensating action upon the said cutters and
axis as that already described under the first form of my Invention.
H', H', are cross bars or arms projecting horizontally from opposite
portions of the cylindrical ram or carrier B¹, and passing through
longitudinal slots z, z, in the corresponding portions of the stock or
holder D¹, where they are connected by the spiral or other springs L', L',
with the studs or arms b¹, b¹, projecting from the stock or holder D', as
shown. Theso springs L, L', correspond with and servo the same
purpose as the springs L, L, described under the said first form of my
Invention.
If desired in lieu of the water or other liquid contained in the spaces
or chambers C, G, C, and C¹, G¹³, as above described, levers, springs, or
any other suitable contrivance may be employed to produce a com-
pensating action of the cutters and centre pins or axes.
Other modifications may be made in the form and disposition of the
rams or carriers, chambers, and other details of my Invention if
desirable, and I do not confine myself to the precise modes of carrying
out my Invention as hercin set forth, but what I do claim as the Inven-
tion secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent

page_text: First. The application and use of cutters carried by suitable rams or
carriers sliding or reciprocating in holes or chambers formed in a
suitably shaped stock or holder, in combination with a centre pin or axis
carried by a suitable ram or carrier sliding or reciprocating in a hole or
chamber formed centrally in the said stock or holder, and in combination
with a fluid space or chamber containing water or other liquid, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose herein-before described and illustrated
by my Drawings.
Second. The combination or not with the last claim of cross bars or
arms working in longitudinal slots with spiral or other springs, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose herein-before described and illustrated
by my Drawings.
Third. The application and use of levers, springs, or any other
suitable contrivance in lieu of the water or other liquid contained in the
fluid space or chamber, substantially for the purpose herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John McKay, have to this my
Specification set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of October,
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.