apuit cameras.
Year: 1897

page_text: apuit cameras.
I, CHARLES PHILLIPS, of 58, Princess Road, Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention to be as
follows:
My invention has for its object improvements in photographic cameras by
which I greatly simplify their construction and materially reduce the cost of
manufacture.
In carrying the first part of my invention into practice I form a slide or frame
with four shafts or spindles mounted around the edges and on each end of these
shafts I mount a mitre wheel gearing into each other and to one of these shafts
I connect a handle. Fixed in the centre of each shaft is a suitable arm or lever
cach of which is attached to one end of a light proof envelope or covering in which
the sensitive plate or film is enclosed so that by turning this handle all the shafts
revolve, thereby operating the arms or levers by which means the light proof
envelope or covering is opened and the sensitive plate exposed. By this arrange-
ment I dispense with the usual dark slide and I am enabled to carry any number
of sensitive plates and insert them into my slide or frame in the daylight without
any danger of them being spoiled. Instead of the arms or levers being operated
simultaneously they may be made to move by means of coms or their equivalent
one after the other or in pairs.
Secondly my invention relates to improved means for holding various sized
sensitive plates in a camera and this I accomplish by fixing two bars or plates
or their equivalents provided with a suitable number of holes or notches down
each side of the interior of the camera and I also employ two cross bars or rods
provided with a bolt at each end which takes into the holes in the side plates by
which means the cross bars may be regulated so as to suit various sized sensitive
plates, which are securely held in position by means of another bar mounted on
springs on the top of the bottom cross bar.
Thirdly my invention relates to the focusing screen which I form out of cellu-
loid or the like the top end of which is attached to a spring roller mounted in a
suitable frame hinged or otherwise secured to the top of the camera. The bottom
end of this screen is attached to a rod the ends of which take into grooves or
slots formed in suitable plates hinged or otherwise attached to the sides of the
camera for guiding the screen as it is drawn up or down. When the screen is
down it is held in position by a catch but as soon as it is released, it automatically
winds itself upon the roller."

page_text: Improvements in Photographic Cameras.
I, CHARLES PHILLIPS, of 58, Princess Road, Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
My invention has for its object improvements in photographic cameras by
which I greatly simplify their construction materially reduce the cost of manu-
facture.
In carrying the first part of my invention into practice I form a slide or frame
with four shafts or spindles mounted around the edges and on each end of these
shafts I mount a mitre wheel gearing into each other and to one of these shafts
I connect a handle. Fixed in the centre of each shaft is a suitable arm or lever
each of which is attached to one end of a light proof envelope or covering in which
the sensitive plate or film is enclosed so that by turning this handle all the shafts
revolve thereby operating the arms or levers by which means the light proof
envelope or covering is opened and the sensitive plate exposed. By this arrange-
ment I dispense with the usual dark slide and I am enabled to carry any number
of sensitive plates and insert them into my slide or frame in the daylight without
any danger of them being spoilt. Instead of the arms or levers being operated
simultaneously they may be made to move by means of cams or their equivalent
one after the other or in pairs.
Secondly my invention relates to improved means for holding various sized
sensitive plates in a camera and this I accomplish by fixing two bars or plates
or their equivalents provided with a suitable number of holes or notches down
each side of the interior of the frame and I also employ two cross bars or rods
provided with a bolt at each end which takes into the holes in the side plates by
which means the cross bars may be regulated so as to suit various sized sensitive
plates which are securely held in position by means of another bar mounted on
springs on the top of the bottom cross bar.
In order that my invention may be more clearly understood and easily carried
into practical effect I have appended hereunto two double sized sheets of drawings
upon which I have illustrated examples of my improvements.
Figure 1 is a plan view of my slide or frame for holding the sensitive plates
during the exposure.
Figure 2 is a cross sectional elevation taken on the line -y in Figure 1.
Figure 3 is an elevation of Figure 1 shewing the envelope W in which the
sensitive plate is enclosed open.
Figure 4 is an enlarged view of the arrangement for operating the arms R.
Figure 5 is a plan view of Figure 4.
Figure 6 is a cross sectional view taken on the line 1--2 in Figure 5.
Figure 7 is a plan view of one of the covers or shields J.
Figure 8 is an enlarged plan view shewing my light proof envelope W closed.
Figure 9 is a similar view to Figure 8 shewing the envelope partially open.
Figure 10 shews the envelope entirely open.
In carrying my invention into practice I form the slide or frame A from wood
or other material and in this frame I mount the four shafts or spindles B. These
shafts or spindles are provided at their ends with the mitre wheels b¹ or their
equivalents gearing at each end one with the other and one of the ends of these
spindles is extended so as to protrude through the side of the frame and on this
end of the shaft I fix the handle 62 for operating the said spindles. Fixed to the
sides of the frame in the centre of each of these shafts or spindles are the

page_text: brackets D provided with the hollow collars or nuts d' which screw into the sides
of the brackets and through which the spindles or shafts pass. Also fitted into
the sides of these brackets are the short spindles upon which I mount the arms
or levers R, R1, R2, & R³ respectively and these arms are held down in their normal
positions by the springs d³. Fixed on the underside of each of the short spindles d
are the catches or stop pieces d and these stop pieces are operated upon by cams
as shewn in detail at de Figure 6 fixed to that part of the spindles R, R¹, R³, and R³
respectively between the brackets. It will be readily seen that when the handle b³
is operated the spindles will revolve and the cams which revolve also will come in
contact with the stop pieces thereby lifting the arms or levers R, R¹, R², and R³
and these cams are timed so that the arms or levers are operated in rotation, the
arm or lever R being operated first, then R and so on in rotation. The stop
pieces mounted on the outer sides of the brackets have a slot formed in them
so that when they are turned so as to bring the slot opposite the ends of the short
spindles these spindles and consequently the arms can easily be detached. The ends
of the levers R and R' are extended at and each of the levers are provided with
the flat spring which is attached to the arms by the cross piece h² and is
capable of adjustment. The opposite ends of these flat springs are formed hook
shape as to catch onto the loops attached to the flaps of the light proof en-
velope W in which the sensitive plate is enclosed as hereinafter explained and as
shewn at Figure 1. The sensitive plate is enclosed in the envelope in a dark
room and when required for use they are placed into the slide or frame A and
held in position by the cross bars K and K which cross bars are fixed to the
cover plates J and J1 by the sliding bolts and or their equivalents, the said
cover plates being provided with two or more holes 2 so as to regulate the cross
bars for holding various sized sensitive plates. There are four of these cover
plates and they are provided for covering the shafts and gear wheels. The cross
bar K is provided with the rubber pads against which the edge of the sensitive
plate bears or springs may be used so as to firmly hold the plate in position. By
this means I am enabled to hold various sized sensitive plates in the one frame.
I construct my light proof envelopes W from paper or other material which is
specially prepared so as to be absolutely light proof and they may be made of one
layer or more than one layer glued or otherwise secured together. The corners w¹
ef these envelopes are formed so as to fold over each other when the envelope is
closed, and in the interior I form the flaps or safe edges to which wrap over the
edges of the plate as shewn at Figure 10. I also form the edges of the folds of
the envelope with the depressions or recesses w³ so that when the envelope is folded
they fit one into the other as an extra security for preventing the light from
penetrating where the folds occur. Each of the folds of the envelope is provided
with the loop or catch by which the folds of the envelope are opened. In the
example as shewn at Figure 1 the extended parts in the case of the arms R
and R' which may be flexible, fit under these loops and in the case of the arms R
and R the flat springs fit under the loops but when a smaller sized plate and
envelope is used the flat springs in each case would be used as these flat springs
can be moved up or down the arms so as to enable various sized envelopes to be
used in the same frame. At Figures 11 and 12 I have shewn a plan and cross
section respectively of ordinary paper which is embossed so as to leave projections
& depressions on its surface by suitable dies after it has been cut into the required
shape for forming the envelope and which will be found to be very suitable for
forming my envelopes which are made in a similar manner as previously described
as the projections on the underside of one of the folds of the envelope will fit into
the depressions on the top side of the other fold thus more effectually preventing
light from penetrating between the folds. The projections and depressions may
be formed on the folds of the envelope only.
THE MODUS OPERANDI IS AS FOLLOWS.

page_text: position in the frame and the frame fixed in the camera the handle 62 is operated
thus causing the four shafts to revolve and as these shafts revolve the cam d
first comes in contact with the stop fitted on the short spindle d thus lifting
the lever R thereby opening the top fold of the envelope the next cam then comes in
contact with its stop and operates the lever R¹ which opens the next fold of the
envelope, then the third cam comes in contact with its stop operating the lever R
and opening the third fold and lastly the fourth cam comes in contact with its
stop and operates the lever R³ which opens the last fold of the envelope thus
exposing the sensitive plate. The handle is then turned in the reverse direction
which motion causes the levers to close in reverse rotation thus closing the envelope
and the fastener or strip is then slipped between the loops w* of the two under
folds as clearly shewn at Figure 8 which indicates that the sensitive plate has
been used the word exposed may be marked on these strips w. The frame is now
ready for another envelope. The peg or stop s¹ is provided so as to prevent the
handle being turned too far either way.
Instead of operating the levers R R1 R2 and R³ in rotation they may be operated
simultaneously or in pairs and there may be more or less than four if necessary.
These levers may also be operated by other mechanism than that shewn as it
will be quite evident there are various means by which they can be moved in
rotation or simultaneously.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
CLAIMS.
First: The improvements in photographic cameras consisting of the frame or
slide A in which the shafts or spindles B are mounted the brackets such as D with
their short spindles to which the arm or levers such as R R R and R³ are fixed,
the cross bars K and K¹ with their sliding bolts all operated in the manner and
for the purpose substantially as herein before described and as shewn upon the
accompanying sheets of drawings.
Second: In photographic cameras exposing the sensitive plates by fixing them
in the slide or frame such as A having the arms such as R R R and R³ which are
attached to the folds of the envelope in which the sensitive plate is enclosed the
said arms being mounted in brackets and operated by cams or eccentrics or other
means fixed on spindles mounted in the frame or slide the said spindles gearing
with each other at their ends and having a handle for operating the same by
which means the folds of the envelope are opened in the manner substantially
as herein set forth and as shewn upon the drawings.
Third: In photographic cameras the cross bars such as K and K¹ having sliding
bolts or their equivalents for regulating the said cross bars for the reception of
various sized sensitive plates in the manner substantially as herein set forth and as
shewn.
:
Fourth Enclosing the sensitive plates in light proof envelopes formed with
the overlapping corners w¹ the flaps or safe edges w² and the corrugated or recessed
edges such as w³ in the manner substantially as herein set forth and as shewn
upon the accompanying sheets of drawings.
Dated this 13th day of November 1897.
GEORGE BARKER,
Agent for Applicant, 77, Colmore Row, Birmingham.