IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George MoNaughten, of Brooklyn, in the County of
Kings, in the State of New York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM ENGINES."
Sealed the 14th November 1876, and dated the 17th May 1876.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said George MoNaughten at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th May 1876.
GEORGE MCNAUGHTEN, of Brooklyn, in the County of Kings, in the State of
Now York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES."
The first part of my Invention consists of a cylindrical casing and hollow valve, the
latter conical externally and fitting into the casing, the inside of which corresponds
with the outside of the valve. In the side of the casing next to the cylinder of
tho engine are one or more ports connecting with the steam ways or ports leading
to the heads of the cylinder.
In the valve are two ports, one of which takes the steam through the casing
into the inside of the valve, and the other allows it to flow into the cylinder, these
two ports are balanced by corresponding ports or openings on the opposite side
diametrically to each. In the shell of the valvo is sunk an exhaust port so con-
structed as to give free passage to the exhaust steam at the ends of the valve, and
yet preserve the cylindrical form of the valves peripherally.
The second part of my Invention consists in the manner of operating the valve
to throw it out of position when the steam is shut off to prevent it from sticking
in the casing by the expansion and contraction of the metal.
The third part of my Invention relates to the manner of regulating tho motion
of the valve from the operation of the governor, whereby the ports are more or less
opened or closed to the admission of steam to the cylinder for automatically
regulating the speed of the engine towards uniformity of motion.
Figure is a front clevation of a steam engine embodying my improvements.
Figure 2 is a plan of the engine.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal vertical section through steam cylinder and valve
casing shewing the rotary valves in position.
Figure 4 is a cross vertical section through the steam cylinder and valve casing
shewing rotary valvo in position, also the adjusting screw.
Price 6d1

page_text: screws for throwing the valves in or out of position.
Figure 6 is a front view of the rotary valve.
Figure 7 is a view of the smaller end of the rotary valve shewing the exhaust
port.
Figure 8 is a view of the larger end of the rotary valve also shewing the exhaust
port.
Figure 9 is a cross section of the rotary valve through the line A, B.
A is the shell or casing of the valve B, which casing has a steam inlet « in its
side and ports b, b, discharging into the steam ways leading to the ends of the steam
cylinder c. D' is a balance port on the opposite side of the valve diametrically to
the port D to allow the steam to press against the shell A, thereby equalizing the
pressure of steam in the valve. E, E, are eduction ports discharging through the
ports b and b into the steam ways leading to each end of the cylinder; El is a
balance port diametrically opposite to equalize the pressure of steam in the valve as
described for the port D'. F, F, are exhaust ports sunk in the shell of the valve;
they connect by covered ways with ports F1, F, and F, F, in the ends of the
valve for discharging at both ends exhaust steam through the steam ways G
communicating with the jacketting which surrounds the valve casing and cylinder
and escapes through the pipe G¹.
The conical end of the valve B butts against a screw J passing through the end
of the casing A, and which screw is operated by means hereafter described.
K is a spindle secured fixedly to the large end of the valve B, and passes through
the head of the casing A, where a suitable stuffing box is provided the outer end of the
spindle bears in a frame L which is fixed to the exterior of the casing A. M, M,
are levers fixed on the spindles K. N is a spring coiling around the spindle K, and
butts against the frame I, and shoulder or collar L' to thrust the valve B into its
casing, when the pressure of the screw J is released in the manner I will now
describe. 0, 0, are cog wheels keyed on the outer ends of the screws J, and P, P,
are spring latch levers engaging therewith to operate the screw J slightly for the
fine adjustment of the valve B; 0¹ is a spring under the lever P to keep it in
engagement with the end of the spindle O, which passes through a conical valve R.
The spindle when screwed downward by the operation of the hand wheel at its
head depresses the valve in its tapering scat and regulates or cuts off the admission
of steam throughout the pipe T to the valve B, and at the same time forces
downward the latch levers P, P, thus operating the screws J, J, inwardly to throw
the valve B forward out of contact with the casing A, and thus prevent their
binding from the contraction and expansion of the metal. M' is the link connected
to a rocking shaft M² having a rocking arm M³ mounted on a standard M* fixed to
the bed of the engine. At the end of tho rocking arm M³ I attach a horizontal bar
M5, which is connected in any suitable manner to the end of the lever arms M, M,
fixed on the spindles K, K. This bar serves to open and close the valves B. U is
a standard fixed to the bed of the engine, having a projecting arm through which
passes the governor shaft V suspended by the arms g, g, hinged to the arms h, h,
which latter are hinged to the cross bar secured to the top of the shaft V; W is a
spring coiling around the shaft V, its ends butting against the head d and bottom
collar e to counterbalance the weight of the connecting rod Z. When the governor
balls fly out the shaft V is forced downward compressing the spring Wand depresses
one end of the rod Z for the purpose herein-after mentioned. X is a block secured
to the lower end of the shaft V by a suitable joint which will admit of the shaft
having a rotary motion. The block X slides in suitable ways fixed to the standard
U, and to the said block is pivotted a block Y through which passes the connecting
rod Z sliding therein. On one end of the rod Z is secured pivotally a bead H¹
having grooves which receive the bifurcations of the link M¹ so as to slide therein,
when the rod Z is depressed by the operation of the governor as before described.
Z is a block pivotted to a standard Z secured to the engine bed, and said block
bears the rear end of the connecting rod sliding therein. A toggle joint or a link

page_text: motion connects the rear end of the rod Z to the peripheral band of an eccentric on
the driving shaft, and hence a direct endwise motion is imparted to the connecting
rod Z. The governor is operated by the usual cog gears and pullies driven from
the crank shaft in the ordinary manner. The governor in its operation controls and
equalizes the speed of the engine in the following manner :- -When the engine is
running at too high a speed the balls of the governor fly from the centro
depressing the shaft V, which depresses the end of the rod Z connecting with the
link M, and thus shortens the stroke of the valve B, thereby partially or wholly
closing the ports, feeding steam to the cylinder.
I claim as my Invention―
1. A hollow valve B having induction port D and opposite balance port D¹, the
eduction port E and opposite balance port E, and exhaust port F discharging exhaust
steam through covered exhaust ports F1, F, at the ends of the valve, in combination
with the casing A having induction ports and eduction ports b and bas
described.
2. The conical valve R operating in a correspondingly formed seat by the screw
spindle O as set forth.
3. The screw J, cog wheels O., latch levers P, P, and spring O¹, operated by the
spindle O of the valve R, for the purpose set forth.
4. The frame L and spring N in combination with the spindle K for operating
the valve B as set forth.
5. The spiral spring W applied to the shaft of the governor for the purpose
described.
6. The slide block X, the rocking blocks Y and Z', connecting rod Z, and rocking
link M', in combination with a governor for operating the valve B as set forth
and for the purposo described.
7. The rocking link M in combination with a rock shaft M² and rocking arm M³,
as described for the purpose set forth.
In witness whereof, I, tho said George MoNaughten, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
ΩΕΟ ΜΟΝΑ ΠΑΠΤΕΝ
GEO MONAUCHTEN
(LS)