IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PROJECTILES AND IN FIRING OR DISCHARGING THEM FROM PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Coope Haddan, of Cannon Row, in the City
of Westminster, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF PROJECTILES AND IN FIRING OR DISCHARGING THEM FROM
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Coope Haddan at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st July 1856.
I, JOHN COOPE HADDAN, of Cannon Row, in the City of Westminster, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PROJECTILES AND IN FIRING OR DISCHARGING THEM
FROM CANNON," to be as follows:-
My said Invention has reference, firstly, to that description of projectiie
(whether solid or hollow in the interior) which is manufactured of an elon-
gated form, or being diminished or tapered in its diameters or transverse
dimensions from its greatest diameter or transverse dimension towards its tail
end, such description of projectiles being intended to be used with a wad
(for propelling them) fitting around and upon their tail ends or binder-
portions.
And my said Invention consists in constructing the hind portions, of such

page_text: projectiles (whatever be their transverse section, whether circular or polygonal,
or corrugated, or fluted, or of any other form,) into a series of steps, shoulders,
or rings, (instead of a plain, straight, or curved taper, as heretofore), so as to
prevent the wad from wedging too thightly upon the projectile, and thereby
to prevent or lessen the liability of bursting the cannon. from which such
projectiles are discharged.
My Invention embraces, secondly, an improvement or improvements upon
the improvement lastly comprehended, and described in the Complete Speci-
fication filed in pursuance of Letters Patent granted to me for my Invention
of "Improvements in Projectiles and in Machinery for Manufacturing the
same," bearing date the Thirtieth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four. This my present improvement
has reference particularly to the mode of or machinery for manufacturing
projectiles with wings or bearing surfaces, as therein described, (for fitting or
sliding in the rifling of rifled cannon,) and consists in manufacturing such
wings or bearing surfaces upon projectiles, by mounting them in a lathe, and
by causing, the tool or tools employed alternately to advance and recede
gradually towards and away from the work whilst it is revolving, or by
causing the work whilst it is revolving alternately to advance and recedo
gradually towards and away from the tool or tools, so as to form the wings
or bearing surfaces uniformly in the desired positions, and of the required
amounts of projection or distances from the axis of rotation.
Amongst other methods of performing this part of my Invention I intend
to include the use of a template, for effecting either the advancing or the
receding motion, or both the advancing and also the receding motion, either
of the work or of the tool or tools, a spring or weight being employed to
give the reverse motion when only one of these motions is effected by a
template; or a cam wheel may be substituted for a template; or a bar or
plate, having thereon a groove traced in a suitable path, may be moved, so
as to act upon a pin or stud, which shall give the required motion to the
slide rest or tool holder, or the tool itself, or to the work, when this is caused
to advance and recede.
My Invention has reference, thirdly, to the means of firing or discharging
from cannon projectiles constructed as firstly or secondly above set forth, or
otherwise so as to fire or discharge several cannon simultaneously, this .part
of my Invention being an improvement upon an improvement comprehended
and described in the Complete Specification filed in pursuance of Letters
Patent granted to me for my Invention of." Improvements in the Manufacture

page_text: of Cannon and of Projectiles for the same," bearing date the Fourteenth day
of October 1854.
This my present improvement consists in the employment of an electro-
magnetic arrangement by which the several cannon to which it is applied may
be fired by percussion, such well-known mechanical method of firing being
induced by an electro-magnet and keeper adapted to each cannon, whereby
the hammers for striking the several percussion caps are simultaneously
released, and consequently the several cannon are simultaneously fired on the
completion of the electric circuit.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Coope Haddan in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
1st January 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
COOPE HADDAN, of Cannon Row, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS IIer most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Royal
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, bearing date the First day of July, One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign, did, for. Herself, Her heirs
and successors, give and grant unto me, the said John Coope Haddan, Her
especial license that I, the said John Coope Haddan, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, and such others as I, the said John Coope Haddan,
my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and venil,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
PROJECTILES AND IN FIRING OR DISCHARGING THEM PROM CANNON," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Coope Haddan, my executors'
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my or their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said In-
vention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months'
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Coope Haddan, do, hereby

page_text: declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
My said Invention has reference, firstly, to that description of projectile
(whether solid or hollow in the interior) which is manufactured of an elon-
gated form, or being diminished or tapered in its diameters or transverse
dimensions from its greatest diameter or transverse dimension towards its tail
end, such description of projectiles being intended to be used with a wad (for
propelling them) fitting around and upon their tail ends or hinder portions.
And my said Invention consists in constructing the hind portions of such
projectiles (whatever be their transverse section, whether circular or polygonal,
or corrugated, or fluted, or of any other form,) into a series of steps, shoulders,
or rings, (instead of a plain, straight, or curved taper, as heretofore,) so as to
prevent the wad from wedging too tightly upon the projectile, and thereby
to prevent or lessen the liability of bursting the cannon from which such
projectiles are discharged.
In the accompanying Drawing No. 1, Figures A and A* are an external
view and longitudinal section of an elongated projectile manufactured in
accordance with this improvement, the general transverse sectional form being
circular, as shown by the section, Figures A' and A³ (taken as marked on the
Drawing). a, a, a, are the steps, shoulders, or rings, in accordance with the
improvement; and b, a wad (shewn in dotted lines in the Figure A*), which
is made of a form to correspond with such steps, shoulders, or rings, the wad
forming no part of the present Invention. Figure A shews the transverse
sectional form of the projectile at its greatest diameter, and exhibits three
swells intended for fitting into three corresponding grooves in a rifled cannon,
one of such swells being also represented in the Figure A*, which swells also
form no part of the present Invention, excepting as regards the method of
manufacturing them, as herein-after set forth.and described. The Figures B to.
Bare corresponding views of an elongated projectile, in all respects similar to
the foregoing excepting as regards the number of steps, shoulders, or rings a, a, a,
an increased number being represented, and the wad being made to corre-
spond. The Figures C to C are corresponding views of another and differently
shaped elongated projectile manufactured in accordance with the improve-
ment; and Figures C³, C, C', are part longitudinal sections, shewing slight
modifications of the same, the steps, shoulders, or rings a, a, a, and the wad b
being made to correspond, as before. The Figures D to D* are corresponding
views of another elongated projectile, somewhat similar to the A series and

page_text: B series above referred to, but differing. from them in having the steps or
shoulders a, a, a, formed upon a number of longitudinal ribs or angular ridges
intended for the wad 6 to fit upon for ensuring that both of them shall turn
round together, the swells on the greatest 'diameter being dispensed with (see
Figure D), and the turning or twisting motion derived from the grooves of
a rifled cannon being intended to be imparted by the wad, but which form no
part of my present Invention. I would here remark that my present im-
provement is applicable to solid shot as well as shells, and also to elongated
projectiles having any approved transverse sectional forms other than those,
represented in the Drawings. And also that in all cases I prefer to form the.
steps, shoulders, or rings by turning in a lathe (in order to ensure a more.
accurate fitting in the wad), the projectiles being cast approximately to the.
intended finished shape. And I would further remark, that,, excepting as
regards the steps, shoulders, or rings, the elongated projectiles represented in:
the Drawings are already well-known or published, and form no part of the.
present Invention. The whole of the Figures in the Drawing No. 1 are
drawn to a scale of about two inches to one foot.
My Invention embraces, secondly, an improvement. or improvements upon
the improvement. lastly comprehended in. and described in the Complete.
Specification filed in pursuance of Letters Patent granted to me for my.
Invention of "Improvements .in Projectiles and in Machinery for Manu-
facturing the same," bearing date the Thirtieth day of October, in the year of:
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four. This my present.
improvement has. reference. particularly to the mode of or machinery for.
manufacturing projectiles with wings or bearing surfaces, as therein described,
(for fitting or sliding in the rifling of rifled cannon,) and consists in manu-
facturing such wings or bearing surfaces upon projectiles, by mounting them;
in a lathe, and by causing the tool or tools employed alternately to advance]
and recede gradually towards and away from the work whilst it is revolving,
so as to form the wings or bearing surfaces. uniformly in the desired positions,.
and of the required amounts of projection or distances from the axis of
rotation.
In the accompanying Drawing No. 2, Figure E is a back elevation of a
lathe fitted with apparatus for effecting the advance and recession of the tool
or tools. Figure F is a transverse section across the bed. of the lathe, shewing
the said apparatus. in side elevation, and Figure G is a general plan view.
The lathe is fitted with the ordinary or any other suitable slide rest motion
for giving a longitudinal traversing action to the tool, the details of which
15.

page_text: I have considered it unnecessary to represent in the Drawing. k is the
ordinary saddle receiving the longitudinal traverse; and 1, the tool carriage
having a transverse traverse by sliding in or upon the saddle in the usual
manner. The causing and regulating, by mechanical action, this said trans-
verse traverse of the tool carriage, or of the tool or tools, constitutes. the
improvement; and the very simple illustration of such an action or contrivance,
which is represented in the Drawing, exhibits that which I consider the best
means of carrying it into effect. m, m, are bearings, fixed to the bed or
framing of the lathe, for supporting the shaft n, which is driven from the
ordinary pinion o (by a spur wlieel p keyed upon the said shaft), the pinion
receiving its motion from the ordinary spur wheel 9 (on the axis of the driving
shaft) of the same pitch and diameter as the wheel p. The shaft n also
carries: a cam roller s, which will consequently revolve at the same speed or
rate as the work to be turned. t is a slide, traversing transversely on the
saddle k, and in the same groove as the tool carriage l; u is an adjusting
piece, which
may be fixed to the slide t in different positions, so as to adjust
for length as may be required, one end of the said piece being screwed to or
otherwise.connected with the tool carriage l, and the other supporting a small
friction roller v,- and presenting it against the surface of the cam roller s;
w is a bent ever, having its fulcrum on a stud screwed into the back side of
the saddle, one end of. such lever working in a slot or opening in the slide t,
and the other carrying weight w (or a spring may be. substituted) for
keeping the friction roller vand the cam roller s constantly in contact, and
for keeping the tool carriage, or, more correctly, the tool or tools, which it
conveys closely up to and against the projectile to be turned. The cam roller
is furnished with projections or swells, corresponding with the projecting
sliding surfaces, or wings, or bearing surfaces desired to be formed upon the
projectile, the form which I prefer being represented in the Figure H; but
the general diameter of the cam roller is not necessarily required to be the
same as that of the projectile, provided that, whether the roller be larger or
smaller in diameter than the projectile, the amount of projection of the swells
be equal upon both of them; and also the number of projections or swells
upon the roller need not necessarily be the same as upon the projectile, but
may be either greater or less, provided that the speed or rate of revolution.be
regulated accordingly. The effect of these projections or swells is evidently to
cause the tool or tools to recede, and that of the weight w* is to cause them
to advance towards the work, and consequently the joint effect is to form the
wings or bearing surfaces as required upon the projectile. The cam rollers to
.a

page_text: be used in machinery of the description and for the purposes above described
may be made in a manner similar to that of the projectiles, a first or pattern
cam roller being made by carefully shaping it by hand labor or otherwise.
Instead of a cam roller, a template may be substituted having the shape,
which would be produced by laying open or developing the shape of the cam
roller, the requisite motion being given thereto. In either case the advance
as well as the recession of the tool carriage may be effected by a second cam
roller or template, instead of the bent lever and weight w, w*; or a bar or
plate, having thereon a groove traced in a suitable path, may be moved, so as
to act upon a pin or stud, which shall give the required motion to the slide
rest or tool carriage, or to the tool or tools. The Figures E, F, G, in the
Drawing No. 2, are drawn to a scale of about one inch and one quarter to one
foot, and the Figure H to a scale of about three inches to one foot.
My Invention has reference, thirdly, to the means of firing or discharging
from cannon projectiles constructed as firstly or secondly above set forth, or
otherwise so as to fire or discharge several cannon simultaneously, and
consists in the employment of an electro-magnetic arrangement by which the
several cannon to which it is applied may be fired by percussion, such well-
known mechanical method of firing being induced by an electro-magnet and
keeper adapted to each cannon, whereby the hammers for striking the several
percussion caps or tubes are simultaneously released, and consequently the
several cannon are simultaneously fired on breaking or interruption of the
electric circuit. The mode of performing this part of my Invention is as
follows; that is to say, I fix the electro-magnet on to or upon the top of a
cannon, or in any desired position thereupon, by means of a framing, which
holds it, and I attach the framing to the cannon by bolts, screws, or other-
wise, in such manner as to be removable at pleasure, a special seating being
cast or made upon the cannon to receive it if desired, and I mount the magnet
in such framing by means of a fastening, affording an adjustment, so as to
bring it into the proper position. The keeper, upon which the magnet acts,
may be fixed directly upon the hammer, or the hammer may constitute the
keeper; but I prefer that the keeper should be formed or fixed upon a detent
or lever, which, upon being released from the magnetic force employed, will
allow the hammer to escape or fall. I would here remark, that instead of
acting upon a hammer, the magnetic force exerted may be employed to with-
draw the rough tongue or slip of metal with which some of the more recently
constructed tubes for firing ordnance have been furnished, and by means of
which withdrawal the powder or composition is ignited This may be effected

page_text: by the motion of the keeper on the electric current being broken or inter-
rupted. It is evident that in either, case either one or a number of cannon
may be simultaneously discharged, according to the number of cannon (fur-
nished with the improvement) which are included in the electric circuit.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Coope Haddan, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this First day of January, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
T. C. THORNTON.
J. C. HADDAN. (L.S.)