An Improved Process for Dyeing Fabrics, Yarns, and Threads.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Process for Dyeing Fabrics, Yarns, and Threads.
I, BENJAMIN JOSEPH BARNARD MILLS, of 23, Southampton Buildings, in the
County of London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
(a communication to me from Messrs. Mercier and Chaumartin, of 29, Chemin
Sebastopol, Lyons, in the Republic of France, Dyers), to be as follows:-
The improved process is applicable to fabrics entirely of silk, entirely of cotton
and entirely of wool as also to mixed fabrics or fabrics mixed with silk. It con-
sists essentially of: —
1st. Preparing a part of the textile fibres forming these fabrics with tannin and
a salt of tin, especially the protochloride, the bichloride, the tetrachloride and the
pink-salt; a colorless preparation which is resistant to boiling and which serves
as mordant for certain colors and as resist for certain other colors.
2nd. Dyeing the fabric thus obtained with conveniently chosen coloring matters,
which will become fixed either on the part treated, or on the other part, according
as the preparation serves as a mordant or as a resist with relation to these colors.
The improved process differs from those hitherto employed, in that the com-
bination tannin and tin which serves in the preparation of part of the fibres, is
constantly the same, and independent of the colors which may be applied to the
fabric immediately or at some future time. It is sufficient at the moment of dye-
ing to choose in the series of coloring matters those for which. the single prepara-
tion plays the desired part.
The preparation of the fibres may take place before weaving upon all or part of
the warp or weft by means of a galling or tanning operation followed by a
passage into salt of tin or the reverse; these two operations will be followed or
preceded by the ordinary operations of ungumming, polishing, fixing and washing
carried out according to known processes for each kind of fibre.
It may also take place upon the fabric in the piece by means of known resist
processes by previous application of thickening (epaississants) or other means
which will preserve that part of the fabric which ought not to be prepared.
Again, it is possible upon woven fabrics to apply the tannin, thickened in any
convenient manner, by printing and to then pass the fabric through a salt of tin.
The parts printed with tannin will act after the passage through the tin salt, like
the fibres previously prepared.
These two last means, resist or printing, may be applied to variegating skeins,
hanks or yarns equally well as to fabrics.
Whatever may be the means employed the fabric will be composed of prepared
and unprepared fibres. If these fibres are all of one kind, that is to say if the
fabric is entirely of silk, entirely of cotton or entirely of wool there may be oh-
tained by two appropriate dyeings two different tints.
For example if the fabric is entirely of silk and after degumming it is passed
through a bath of blue methylene, it will be dyed blue, but a simple polishing
will suffice to remove this tint from the part not prepared which may then be dyed

page_text: rose color in a bath of rhodamine dye without the blue tint of the prepared part
being appreciably altered.
If the fabric consists of two or three different kinds of fibres and each sort is
partly prepared and partly unprepared, there may be obtained by successive baths
conveniently chosen, as many as four or six different colors..
Dated this 27th day of July 1898.
HARRIS & MILLS,
23, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents.
An Improved Process for Dyeing Fabrics, Yarns, and Threads.
I, BENJAMIN JOSEPH BARNARD MILLS, of 23, Southampton Buildings, in the
County of London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
(a communication to me from Messrs. Mercier and Chaumartin, of 29, Chemin
Sebastopol, Lyons, in the Republic of France, Dyers), and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
The improved process is applicable to fabrics entirely of silk, entirely of cotton
and entirely of wool as also to mixed fabrics or fabrics mixed with silk. It con-
sists essentially of:
1st. Preparing a part of the textile fibres forming these fabrics with tannin and
a salt of tin especially the protochloride, the bichloride, the tetrachloride and the
pink-salt; a colorless preparation which resists boiling and which serves as mor-
dant for certain colors and as resist for certain other colors.
2nd. Dyeing the fabric thus prepared with conveniently chosen coloring matters,
which will become fixed either on the part treated, or on the other part, according
as the preparation serves as a mordant or as a resist with relation to these colors.
The improved process differs from those hitherto employed, in that the com-
bination, tannin and tin, which serves in the preparation of part of the fibres, is
constantly the same, and independent of the colors which may be applied to the
fabric, immediately or at some future time. It is sufficient at the moment of dye-
ing to choose in the series of coloring matters those for which the single prepara-
tion plays the desired part.
The preparation of the fibres may take place before weaving upon all or part of
the warp or weft by means of a galling or tanning operation followed by a
treatment with salt of tin or the reverse; these two operations will be followed or
preceded by the ordinary operations of ungumming, polishing or brightening
fixing and washing carried out according to known processes for each kind of fibre.
It may also take place upon the fabric in the piece by means of known resist
processes by previous application of thickening (épaississants) or other means
which will preserve that part of the fabric which ought not to be prepared.
Again, it is possible upon woven fabrics to apply the tannin, thickened in any
convenient manner, by printing and to then treat the fabric with a salt of tin.
The parts printed with tannin will act after the passage through the tin salt, like
the fibres previously prepared.
These two last means, resist or printing, may be applied to variegating skeins,
hanks or yarns equally well as to fabrics.
Whatever may be the means employed the fabric will be composed of prepared
and unprepared fibres. If these fibres are all of one kind, that is to say if the
fabric is entirely of silk, entirely of cotton or entirely of wool there may be ob-
tained by two appropriate dyeings two different tints.

page_text: For example if the fabric is entirely of silk and after degumming it is passed
through a bath of blue methylene, it will be dyed blue, but a simple polishing
will suffice to remove this tint from the part not prepared which may then be dyed
rose color in a bath of rhodamine dye without the blue tint of the prepared part
being appreciably altered.
If the fabric consists of two or three different kinds of fibres and each sort is
partly prepared and partly unprepared, there may be obtained by successive baths
conveniently chosen, as many as four or six different colors.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:
-
A process of obtaining multiple tints on various fabrics, composed entirely of
silk, cotton, wool or other fibres or of mixtures, such process consisting in causing
either before or after weaving, a part of the fibres composing the fabric to be sub-
mitted to a galling or tanning process and to a treatment with salt of tin, a color-
less preparation which resists boiling and serves as mordant for certain colors and
as resist for certain other colors, whereby entirely different and optional colors can
be fixed, in a single bath or in a succession of baths, on the prepared and non pre-
pared parts substantially as herein set forth.
Dated this 4th day of April 1899
HARRIS & MILLS,
23, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents.