Improvements in that Portion of Web Printing and Folding Machines known as the "Delivery," and Embracing Web Turning, Associating, Cutting, Folding, Piling, and Counting Mechanisms.
Year: 1885

page_text: Improvements in that Portion of Web Printing and Folding
Machines known as the "Delivery," and Embracing Web
Turning, Associating, Cutting, Folding, Piling, and Counting
Mechanisms.
I WILLIAM CONQUEST of Tudor Street in the City of London, Mechanical
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to web printing and folding machines, particularly to that
portion thereof known to the art as the "delivery."-It is the object of the present
Invention to provide a machine which, when combined with any suitable printing
machine, may receive therefrom a printed web, and convert the same into four or
eight page papers folded two or three times, and deliver them on belts in such
manner that they can be readily separated into any predetermined number.
The Invention embraces a web turning and associating mechanism and improve-
ments relating thereto; a longitudinal folding mechanism; a transverse cutting
and folding mechanism; a second longitudinal folding mechanism, especially
adapted to operate upon sheets which have received one or two preliminary folds;
and a piling and counting mechanism which receives and counts the folded sheets.
When it is desired to use the present Invention for the purpose of obtaining a
product consisting of two sheets associated together and folded by dividing a broad
web into two narrow ones, and associating them so as to form a two-ply web, before
the same is severed into sheets, a pair of turning bars will be used. These will be
EO arranged in the path of the web as to enable the webs to be led each over its
respective turning bar, at an angle to its first line of travel, so that one web shall
lie upon or be associated with the other.
Between the last type and impression cylinder of a web printing machine and
the turning rollers, sets of tapes are arranged to receive and carry the product of
the printing machine up to and over the turning rollers.-These bars are arranged
in the manner now well known, that is to say, angularly across the path of travel
of the web, and are carried by brackets secured to the framing of the machine,

page_text: The turning bars are arranged and employed for the purpose of this Invention,
either to change the direction of travel of the web in entering the apparatus, or in
its path through the same, or to associate sections of the web after it has been
printed, when it is longitudinally divided, and they are also adapted to reverse the
surfaces of the web, so that one side thereof having been printed, the unprinted
side may be presented to the forms to be printed.
In starting the web of paper so that it will pass over the bars, it has been
necessary either for the web to be temporarily attached to marginal threading
tapes, or for the attendant to guide its entering or leading end until it is under
positive control of the apparatus.-As accidental breakages often occur in rear of
the turning bar, annoying delays ensue in the running of the apparatus.
It is the object of this part of the present Invention to obviate these difficulties,
and to this end it consists, first, in combining with the bar or bars of the turning
device, a stationary or movable conductor, and a curved directing guide or guides,
suitably arranged with respect to the path of travel of the web, whereby the
leading end of the web will be positively guided to and over the bar or bars in such
manner that all hand manipulation thereof is dispensed with.
The turning bars are provided with one or more of these curved guides, the
inner surfaces coinciding with the surface of the bar, and situate a slight distance
therefrom. These guides are carried upon a supporting rod passing through bosses
provided on the guides, and to which bar they are secured by set screws. These
curved guides may extend over and under the bar, to aid in directing the leading
end of the web to and from the bar, their entering ends presenting curved ends to
the entering web.—Instead of being of narrow width, they may be of a width equal
to the length of the turning surface of the bar.
Metal guides are secured at one end to the inner surface of the turning bar, and
at the other end to a cross bar supported by the framing, and serve to bridge the
space from a supporting roll or other surface to the turning bar.--Similar guides
extend over the space from the under surface of the turning bar to the surface to
which the web is to be directed.
Two or more moving conductors or tapes are preferably employed to carry the
leading end of the web, so that its entering end will be positively carried to and
'from the guides.
When adapting the curved guides to a pair of turning bars arranged to
associate the longitudinally divided web, the lower limb of the curved guides
may extend from the inner under surface of one turning bar, to the under side of
the other.
The leading ends of the webs to be associated (should they be a single web, in
the first instance) will be divided longitudinally by a suitable rotary slitting disc,
and carried thence by stationary or movable supporting guides to the upper surface
of the turning bars, and meeting the curved guides, be directed by them over the
turning bars into contact with the moving conductors or tapes, and be carried
thereby under the web, turned over the other turning bar, and meeting the same,
the webs, thus associated, will be carried by the moving conductors to be longi-
tudinally folded or further manipulated.
When combining curved guides and conductors with turning bars arranged
to reverse the surfaces of a web, the turning bars are angularly arranged across
the path of travel of the web, and disposed in opposite directions to each
other, and situated a short distance apart one over the other.-Arranged with
these turning bars is a bending roll, around which the web is turned after
passing from the first turning bar, so as to be directed back to the second turning
bar in the ordinary manner. Each of these turning bars is provided with curved
guides and stationary and movable supporting guides.
The leading end of the web is led up to and turned around the turning bar
to its upper surface, carried onward by moving conductors, and over guides to
the bending roll.-The leading end of the web will be directed around the roll
by the fixed curved guides, and directed into contact with other moving con-
i

page_text: ductors, and will be carried thereby under stationary guides to the under side of
the lower turning bar. The leading end of the web will meet the curved guides
arranged with said turning bar, and be thus turned, so as to travel at an angle to
its path of travel from the bending roll, and in the same direction as its travel, to
the upper turning bar, with its surface reversed.
The stationary guides leading to and from the turning bars may have substituted
for them, moving conductors, which will be so arranged as to cooperate with the
moving conductors to carry the leading end of the web positively to and from the
turning bars.
In place of two sets of moving conductors or tapes separately carried on pulleys
at right angles to each other, a pair of endless tapes are used, stretched so as to
travel through the entire turning device by the aid of guide pulleys, and thus carry
the leading end of the web over the turning bars and bending roll out of the
device, and thence return to the place of entrance to the turning device.
The curved directing guides in this case are provided with openings through
which the conductors or tapes pass, and supports by which the tapes are held out
of contact with the bars, except at their upper and lower surfaces, as their
direction is changed in passing around them. By this means the web is pre-
vented from buckling or being caused to slew to one side in turning the bars.
The web of paper having been properly printed, is slit up into two narrow webs.
their leading ends being guided around their respective turning bars by curved
guides, as above described. One section of the web is led by a short path, the
other section of the web is led by a longer path to a roller and there associated.
These rolls are adjustable, as usual, so as to make a proper register of the printed
sections of the webs.
A paster is arranged to deposit a line of paste along the central line of the
web having the short path, which, when brought to overlie the other web, will be
directed downward over the longitudinal folder, the peculiar features of which will
now be explained.
In the more simple or continuous surface longitudinal folders, the internal guide
is formed of sheet metal, and is provided with two guiding or supporting edges
or surfaces diametrically opposed, but extending forward in converging directions.-
Instead of meeting at a common point, as in former constructions, they terminate
a considerable distance apart, and are united transversely by a guiding surface.―The
guiding surfaces or edges of the internal guide support respectively the major part
of each side of the material undergoing folding, while the transverse guiding surface
supports the central portion, or that part connecting the sides.
The converging angular guiding surfaces or edges form the guiding edges or
surfaces over which the material is bent to bring its sides towards each other, or
into a condition of parallelism, whereby the greater portion of their diversion from
one plane into parallel positions, considered widthwise, is accomplished, and their
further mutual approach to a condition of contact necessary in folding, may be
most readily effected, and the transverse guiding surface acts as the support for the
central portion of the material that forms, in the primary part of the folder, the
small width wise portion that has ultimately to be changed in its position to
complete the folding.
:
The external turners or rollers, instead of being placed in such relation to the
internal guide as to complete the folding operation in connection with it, are set a
distance apart.
The fold-laying device consists of a pair of rollers arranged parallel, and some
distance below the external turners. These folding rollers lay the sides of the
material together.
The internal guide is suitably secured in an appropriate position to receive the
material to be folded from the turning and associating device, the angle being a
convenient one.
This longitudinal folder may be adapted to the threading of the material in
the condition of a long sheet or web, by providing it with leading tapes, the lower

page_text: 'one running in contact with the body of the folder, and returning through an
opening in said body.-The upper tape runs parallel and in contact with lower
tape, and thence in contact with the top plate of the tapèring guide, and returns
over a pulley. These tapes nip the material between them, and carry the same
through the folder, and introduce the doubled leading edge of the same to the fold
laying devices.
13
In practice it has been found that a number of tapes arranged to support the web
at various points of its width, while being folded longitudinally greatly facilitate
the travel of the web, and where it is printed upon prevent its freshly printed
surface from being smirched.
There may therefore, if desired, be a duplication of the central tapes and their
companion tapes, as above described, arranged at proper points to underlie the web
and support it throughout its width, running respectively over pulleys journalled
in hangers which depend from the under side of the plate folder.
In place of the above described side plates forming the sides of the internal
turner, a number of flat bars, duplicated on opposite sides, may be used.-The two
front bars forming the lower central portion of the internal guide are inclined
outward so as to follow the line assumed by the material as its sides approach each
other in the formation of the fold.
In the folding of short sheets, it is necessary to provide sufficient tapes to guide
the leading edge forward, and to compel the sides of each sheet to bend over the
guiding surfaces, and pass over the inside surface of the external turners.
The internal guide may consist of bars joined together at their converging ends
by a head, and supported transversely at their diverging ends by a base bar or rod
supported from the framing of the machine, a central plate that extends from the
head where the turning rolls are situate, projects angularly forward nearly to the
nipping or central point between the fold laying rollers, and forms a fold creasing
device. It is preferably pivotted in the head, and pressed outward by a spring.
This modification of the internal guide is to be fitted with under and outside, or
upper tapes, duplicated on opposite sides of the centre.
With any one of these modifications of the longitudinal folder, there may be
combined a slitter, preferably mounted in an adjustable arm, to slit the materially
when partially folded, being made to cut upon a bearing surface upon the folder, or
by running in a groove in the folder, as may be preferred.
The web or webs having been led over the longitudinal folder, and the adjacent
sides brought together between rollers as described, its leading end is impaled upon
a set of pins of one cylinder. As this cylinder cooperates with the other cylinder
which carries the knife, the web will, by this rotation, be severed into sheets or
sections, each of which will be folded transversely by one of the rocking blades,
between a pair of folding rollers, and pass thence-if an additional fold is desired-
by means of an adjustable switch, which is properly adjusted for the purpose, into
the control of a line of tapes, which will convey such sheets or sections to a second
longitudinal folder.
This folder is composed of a sheet carrying or feeding mechanism, which is
arranged to act upon the central portion or fold line of the sheet to support, and
advance the same; external turners arranged to act upon the unsupported sides of
the sheet, to direct them inward toward each other; an internal central plate or
guide arranged to direct the leading ends of the sides of the sheet after they have
been turned inward; a creaser acting to distend the central portion of the sheet,
and aid in defining the fold line, and a fold laying device by which the sides of
the sheet are pressed together and the fold set.
In the further folding longitudinally of these sheets or sections, when the paper
is damp or stiff, and is several plies in thickness, and more particularly when the
sheet has already received one or more folds, and is delivered to the folder with one
of its folded edges in advance, it frequently happens that the paper, near the longi-
tudinal fold, and particularly at the point of intersection of the two folds, will be
wrinkled to a greater or less extent. It also sometimes happens that the act of

page_text: bending the sides of the sheet, to cause them to take their converging paths of
travel, will cause the sheet to be retarded slightly, so that it will fail to be
presented in proper time to the subsequent mechanism.
Now, to obviate this inconvenience, the sheet-carrying or feeding mechanism of
this longitudinal folder, consists of an internal and an external member, between
which the sheets are held and supported, and by which they are advanced through
the folder.
The internal member may consist of a tape or cord passing around suitable
pulleys, or it may consist of a bar or rod; or it may consist of a number of pulleys;
the spaces between which are bridged by suitable stationary guides.
It is preferred, however, to employ a tape which passes over pulleys mounted
between a pair of internal central plates supported by a bracket arm from the
framing. The lower edges of the plates are preferably bent inward so as to formi
an edge, said plates being dressed off as may be required, according to their
thickness.-The edge thus formed is parallel with, and near the periphery of a fold
laying roller, and is preferably extended longitudinally by an angular plate or
creaser which protrudes centrally from and at the lower part of the plates.-The
lower contracted portion of the plates might be a wedge-like shoe piece, constructed
separately, and attached between said plates.
The external member of the sheet-feeding mechanism, may consist of a second
tape or cord arranged to cooperate with the one before mentioned, or it may consist
of a bar or rod arranged to hold the sheets against the internal member.
This second tape, in combination with the one before mentioned, forms a path-
way from the folding cylinder to the upper end of the second longitudinal folder,
and down in front thereof, the second tape being held in nipping contact with the
first by pullies carried by pendent arms from a fixed supporting bar.-Body and
marginal tapes are also provided to assist in carrying the sheets to the folder.
At the lower end of the folder, between its plates, is pivotted an angular plate
or creaser capable of adjustment so that its protrusion may be adjusted at will.
External turners, consisting of curved rods, extend on opposite sides of the
plates, said rods or bars being all attached at their upper ends to, and made indepen-
dently adjustable upon a fixed supporting bar before mentioned, and are severally
bent as they extend downward and forward on both sides of the plates, so that in
effect they each form a twisted guide or turner, the upper or receiving point of
which lies parallel with the plane in which the paper to be folded moves as it is
delivered to the folder, while the lower or terminal ends of these guides lie in
planes parallel, or nearly so, with the sides of the plates, the bodies of these guides
being gradually curved from the one plane to the other.-Their function is to
gradually turn the opposite sides of a travelling sheet (whose central portion is
nipped, and held by the feeding mechanism) from one plane to another approxi-
mately at a right angle to the first plane, the result of which is, that the sheet,
spread straight as it leaves the nipping rollers, and enters onto the folder, where its
centre is held and nipped between the two tapes, has its opposite sides, at its
leading end, gradually turned toward each other by mere contact with the external
turners or twisted guides.-This distending of the central part of the folded sheets is
accomplished by the bringing of the opposite sides of the sheet together between a
pair of fold-laying rollers, and this action will be ensured and aided by the angular
plate or creaser before mentioned. In some cases, the external turners may be
formed of twisted plates.
This constitutes the complete folding of the paper, and it may be carried from
the pair of fold laying rollers to any delivery mechanism, as a fly or other folding
mechanism, preferably a rotary fly of the ordinary construction, that is to say, a
cylinder provided, at suitable distances apart, with grippers that are mounted
in the periphery of the cylinder, and actuated so as to operate, first, to seize the
front or leading edge of a sheet, and carry it onward, until it overlies delivering
tapes, and then open to release the sheet and deposit it upon said tapes before. a
stop, which tapes, moving over pulleys, carry sheet after sheet outward from the

page_text: machine. As the successive sheets are piled one upon another upon the tapes in this
manner, the tapes will continue to move forward, so that the leading end of each
sheet deposited, or what, after the sheet is deposited, becomes its rear end, will be
moved a short distance away from the stops before the leading end of the next
sheet arrives at said stops, and thus the sheets, instead of being piled directly upon
another, will overlap.
It will also be readily understood that when the sheets are piled in this manner
upon the tapes, the lapping of the sheets is regular and uniform, so that it is,
impossible to divide the pile into lots containing any desired or predetermined
number, except by counting.
In order to obviate the necessity for counting each sheet separately, a pile of
sheets will be so delivered that they will be divided into lots containing some
predetermined number. This is effected by causing the stops, at certain regular
intervals, to be moved forward with the tapes, or at a speed greater than that of
the tapes, so that, at regular intervals, certain sheets of the pile will be carried
forward on the tapes, thus producing irregularities in the pile, which will mark
regular divisions, and enable the sheets to be separated into lots containing some
predetermined number, the number in each lot depending upon the interval
between two successive movements of the stops.
The receiving apron or tapes is preferably driven by worm gearing from the
rotary fly, the proper motion being given to keep the pile of sheets sufficiently
removed from the rotary fly to prevent them from unduly crowding against its
surface.
A series of arms carried by a rock shaft forms the stops which extend upward
between the tapes, with their ends lying in the spaces between the sections or
pulleys composing the rotary fly.
To effect the movement of the stops, an arm projecting from the rock shaft bears
against one of a series of studs arranged on the face of the gear wheel by which
the apron is driven.-The studs, at each quarter revolution of the gear, will rock
the shaft, and move the stops forward; a helical spring will as the stops pass return
the stop arm to its original position.
The
As the stops move forward at a speed about equal to, or slightly in excess of that
of the tapes, the sheets, instead of being overlapped, will be piled directly one
above another against the stops. This will continue until the gear has completed
one fourth of a revolution; the spring, as the studs pass off the arm of the rock
shaft, will quickly throw the stops back to their original position, permitting next
and succeeding sheets to be carried considerably to the rear of the sheets before
deposited, before they are arrested by the stops, so as to leave the one lot
projecting considerably beyond the other. The upper ends of the stops or arms
may be provided with pivotted spring fingers arranged to be capable of turning
downward, but limited in their upward movement. After several sheets have
been deposited, the arms and fingers will commence to move forward.
successive sheets, as they are released by the grippers, will be arrested by the
fingers, and piled upon the tapes, one directly above another, and this will
continue, the fingers arresting all of the sheets until the arms have been thrown
sufficiently far forward to carry the fingers outside the periphery of the cylinder.―
At the time this takes place, the stud which is acting upon the arm, will come
into engagement with the cam portion of said arm, so as to throw the fingers
rapidly forward for a short distance, and carry them quickly outward beyond the
periphery of the cylinder, so that the next sheet will be carried in above the
fingers. The fingers will then move forward with the sheets and the tapes until
they reach the limit of their forward movement, the incoming sheets in the
meantime being carried rearward.-To arrest the sheets which are carried rear-
ward above the fingers, a series of stationary fingers or stops are provided, their
ends lying in grooves in the rotary fly above, by the side of the fingers.-The
spring fingers will be returned by a helical spring as soon as their arms are
released from the stud.

page_text: The receiving tapes, instead of being driven by a worm and worm wheel, may
be driven by a train of spur gear. The operating stud for giving motion to the
stop arm is carried by one of the intermediate wheels of the gear, and the stops,
instead of being moved slowly forward as the sheets are being deposited in front
of them, and then quickly rearward, are caused to remain stationary while the
sheets are being deposited upon the tapes, and then, after the proper number of
sheets have been deposited, move quickly forward at a speed greater than that of
the tapes, so as to move a portion of the sheets along on the tapes, and into
position, one directly above another, and thus mark the divisions in the pile.
By this means the sheets will continue to be deposited upon the tapes in front
of the stops, and carried slowly forward on the tapes so as to be overlapped until
12 have been deposited.-Just after the twelfth sheet has been deposited, the
stud will come into engagement with an arm of the rock shaft, and throw the
stops quickly forward, moving several of the sheets, last deposited, forward along
the tapes, so as to bring them into position one above another. Before the
thirteenth sheet has arrived in position to be released from the grippers, the stud
will have left the arm, and the spring will have restored the stops to their normal
position, so that the thirteenth sheet will be carried some distance to the rear of
the twelfth, and thus mark a division in the pile.
Retarding fingers may be provided, with means by which they will be positively
lowered away from the carrier, after one or more sheets have been carried in above
them. Only one of the stops may be vibrated, the remainder being rigidly
mounted upon a transverse shaft. The sheets which are moved forward by the
stop will in this case be skewed.-In this case, only one of the retaining fingers
will be necessary, as only one edge of the sheets will be operated upon by the
vibrating stop.
If it is desired to deliver the sheets with but two folds, a switch will be secured
in a position which will cause the sheets to pass directly from the folding rolls to
a piling device of the ordinary construction.

page_text: I, WILLIAM CONQUEST of Tudor Street in the City of London, Mechanical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
This invention relates to web printing and folding machines, particularly to that
portion thereof known to the art as the "delivery."-It is the object of the present
invention to provide a mechanism which, when combined with any suitable
printing press, may receive therefrom a printed web, and convert the same into
four or eight-page papers folded two or three times, and deliver them onto belts
in such manner that they can be readily separated into any predetermined
number.
The invention embraces web slitting, turning, and associating mechanisms, and
improvements relating thereto; a longitudinal folding mechanism, a transverse
cutting and folding mechanism; a second longitudinal folding mechanism, especially
adapted to operate upon sheets which have received one or two preliminary folds;
and a piling and counting mechanism which receives and counts the folded sheets.
The invention embraces also combinations of the mechanisms above enumerated
into machines suitable for the delivery of various products.
It is well known that the high speed attained by web perfecting printing
machinery has outstripped the working capacity of the folding mechanism.
Formerly it was considered good work to throw off 9,000 impressions per hour
from one set of types-At this speed, the folding mechanism was enabled to act
efficiently, dividing and folding the web longitudinally and transversely, and
delivering the product in counted lots.-Now, however, the speed attained by the
printing machine provides for the throwing off of from fourteen to sixteen
thousand impressions per hour from a single set of types.
Many plans have been designed to increase the efficiency of the folding
mechanism, so as to raise its rate of delivery to that of the web perfecting
printing press.
In one arrangement designed to attain this end, the printed web was first cut
transversely into sheets, and the sheets separated into two streams, to be dealt
with by duplicate mechanisms, but the result often was the choking of the channels
of transmission, necessitating the cutting out by chisels of the condensed paper.
In another arrangement, the web was first cut and folded transversely, then the
severed portion was divided in the direction of the run, and the severed parts were
carried separately by tapes to one and the same longitudinal folder, whence the

page_text: folded pieces passed. to a transverse folder, which completed the operation. In this
case the first transverse folder operated upon the full width of the web, and upon
one thickness of paper, and the long thin folding blades, in their rapid revolutions,
could not be relied upon to act efficiently, but not infrequently struck the nipping
rolls, and produced a derangement of the mechanism.
Annoying delays frequently ensued in starting the machine, from the difficulties
encountered in threading the web of paper through the turners of the folding
machine. This difficulty is in a great measure obviated by the conductors applied
to the turning bars in the present invention.-The mechanism hitherto designed to
give the longitudinal fold to the web of printed paper has failed at high speed, by
reason of the too rapid formation of the longitudinal crease, which caused the
paper either to buckle, stretch, or break, or run into creases when brought under
the action of the nipping rolls designed to complete the longitudinal fold.
When the sheets have been associated together and folded one or more times,
thus presenting several plies in thickness, a packing fold is required, to reduce the
folded sheets to a convenient size for transport.-Now, the material in its many
folded condition has been found too stiff and untractable to conform itself to
the exact course of travel required, and therefore special means were rendered
necessary to accomplish this object; this also is provided for by the present
invention.
In order to prepare the product of the printing and folding machine for the
market, it is requisite to pile and count the folded sheets.-This has hitherto been
automatically obtained, by printing an indicating mark upon certain sheets of the
series, or by shifting at regular intervals the surface on which the papers were
deposited, both of which systems increased the complication. and the cost of the
mechanism.
I now however provide shifting stops, against which the folded papers are
.allowed to accumulate in any given number, and withdraw them when the required
number has accumulated, making them take up their normal position so as to
separate the papers into batches without arresting the travel of the apron on which
they are deposited, or changing its rate of traverse.
In the accompanying drawings:-
Fig. 1 represents a side elevation of a combination of the above mechanisms,
suitable for manipulating paper in the web form.
Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the same.
Figs. 3 and 4 are plan views of the same, showing the web-turning bars, and
improvements relating thereto.
In these drawings, certain parts have been omitted, but as each mechanism is
fully illustrated by the additional drawings, which also show various modifications
thereof, the operation of the combination illustrated by the above named drawings
will be readily understood.
When it is desired to use the present invention for the purpose of obtaining a
product consisting of two sheets associated together and folded, by dividing a
broad web into two narrow ones, and associating them so as to form a two-ply
web before the same is severed into sheets, a pair of turning bars will be used.-
These will be so arranged in the path of the web, as to enable the two parts of the
web to be led each over its respective turning bar at an angle to its first line of
travel, and so that one web shall lie upon or be associated with the other.
In the embodiment shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the last type and impression
cylinder of a web printing machine are represented by A. B. respectively. A set
of tapes 1, passing around the roll a to and around the roll a¹, returns to the roll a;
another set of tapes 2 pass from the roll b to and over roll a¹, over the turning
bars, to and around the roll b¹, over the tightening pulleys 62, and back to roll b.
It has been necessary, in starting the web of paper so that it will pass over the
bars, either for the web to be temporarily attached to marginal threading tapes
in the manner now of common knowledge, or for the attendant to guide its
entering or leading-end, and carry it. properly around each bar, and also guide said

page_text: end until it is under the positive control of the moving surfaces of the apparatus
which may be adjacent to the bars. And as accidental breakages are liable to,
and do often occur in rear of the turning bar, thus causing the web to choke up
the machine, by reason of a large length thereof accumulating at one point, and
the lack of any means to carry forward the broken end, it necessitates handling
the web, removing that portion that has caused the choke, and guiding its leading
end over the bar or bars each time it so happens ; and as this hand manipulation is a
comparatively slow one, depending upon the position of the bar or bars, annoying
delays ensue in the running of the apparatus.
It is the object of this part of the invention to obviate these difficulties, and to
this end, it consists, first, in combining with the bar or bars of the turning device,
a conductor or directing guide or guides c (see Figs. 3 and 4), suitably arranged
with respect to the path of travel of the web, whereby the leading end of the web
will be positively guided to and over the bar or bars in such manner that all hand
manipulation thereof is dispensed with.
The invention also consists in the combination of such conductor or guide or
guides with other conductors or tapes, as 2, and the turning bar or bars C C¹, and
in other combinations of devices hereinafter described.
The web of paper X, having been properly printed, is entered between the tapes
which conduct it to the roll a¹, where a slitter C* divides it into two narrow webs.
As these are conducted onward by the tapes 2, their leading ends will be guided.
downward and around their respective bars by the curved guides c. The section ✗'
of the web is led over the roll c¹ to and around rolls c² c³, and over roll c¹; the
section X of the web is led over the rolls c³ c c7, to the roll ct, where it will
underlie the web X¹. The rolls c c are adjustable so as to make a proper register
of the printed sections of the webs.
The paster having deposited a line of paste along the central line of the
web X', the two webs will be directed downward over the longitudinal folder D,
the peculiar features of which will be hereinafter fully explained.
The web or webs having been led over the longitudinal folder, the adjacent sides
brought together between the rolls d d and rolls d³ d³, its leading end is impaled
upon one of the sets of pins e of the cylinder E.-As this cylinde co-operates with
the cutting cylinder F which carries the knife f, the web will, by this rotation, be
severed into sections, each of which will be folded by one of the rocking blades e¹
between the pair of folding rollers e e³, and pass thence, if an additional fold is
desired, over the adjustable switch e, which is properly adjusted for the purpose,
into the control of the tapes 3 and 4, which will convey such sheets or sections to
the second longitudinal folder G.
This folder is composed of a sheet-carrying or feeding mechanism, which is
arranged to act upon the central portion or fold line of the sheet, to support and
advance the same, external turners which are arranged to act upon the unsupported
sides of the sheet, to direct them inward toward each other, an internal central
plate or guide, which is arranged to direct the leading ends of the sides of the
sheet after they have been turned inward, a creaser which acts to distend the
central portion of the sheet, and aid in defining the fold line, and a fold laying
device by which the sides of the sheet are pressed together and the fold set.
This constitutes the complete folding of the paper, and it may be carried from
the fold laying rollers to any delivery mechanism, as a fly, or to other folding
mechanisms to receive further folds.
As shown berein, the delivery is a gripping cylinder H, provided, at suitable
distances apart, with grippers h, that are mounted in the periphery of the cylinder,
and actuated so as to operate first to seize the front or leading edge of a sheet, and
carry it onward until it overlies delivering tapes 5, and then open to release the
sheet, and deposit it upon said tapes, before a stop h', which tapes, moving over
pulleys h² h³, carry sheet after sheet outward from the machine.-As the successive
sheets are piled one upon another upon the tapes in this manner, the tapes will
continue to move forward, so that the leading end of each sheet deposited, or what,

page_text: after the sheet is, deposited, becomes its rear end, will be moved a short distance
away from the stops h, before the leading end of the next sheet arrives at said
stops, and thus the sheets, instead of being piled directly one upon, another, will be
shingled or overlapped.
It will also be readily understood, that when the sheets are piled in this manner
upon the tapes 5, the shingling or lapping of the sheets is regular and uniform, so
that it is impossible to divide the pile into lots containing any desired or pre-
determined number, except by counting.
To effect the counting, irregularities must be produced in the pile of sheets thus
delivered, which will enable them to be readily divided into lots containing some
predetermined number without the necessity of special counting.-This is effected
by causing the stops h, at certain regular intervals, to be moved forward with the
tapes 5, or at a speed greater than that of the tapes, so that at regular intervals
certain sheets of the pile will be carried forward on the tapes, thus producing
irregularities in the pile, which will mark regular divisions, and enable the sheets
to be separated into lots containing some predetermined number, the number in
each lot depending upon the interval between two successive movements of the
stops.
If it is desired to deliver the sheets with but two folds, the switch e* will be
secured in a position which will cause the sheets to pass directly from the rolls e³ e³
to the piling device or rotary fly I.
Figs. 5 and 6 show a simple machine in side elevation and plan view, in which
such of the parts before mentioned are combined, as will be necessary to produce
an eight-page product, having one longitudinal fold, and one transverse packing
fold, and deliver this product by means of a rotary fly onto a travelling apron.
The printed web of paper X from the last type and impression cylinders A B
of the printing machine, enters the folding and delivery apparatus between the
tapes 1, 2, carried by the rollers a and b; these tapes, carrying the web, are led
under the roller b* to the roller a² at the top of the machine. While the web is
passing over this roller, it is slit by the circular knife C* into two parts ✗¹ X³,
each part being led over one of a pair of parallel turning bars or rollers C, C¹,
placed diagonally across its path, and by which its direction is changed into a
direction at right angles to its previous path, the two webs X'X' being brought
one over the other, and thus associated. These bars are provided with curved
guides c to aid in threading the web through the turning mechanism at starting.
The associated webs then pass to the longitudinal folder D,-and are cut and
transversely folded by the cylinders E and F, as in the machine before described.
As the folded sheets leave the folding rollers e³ ³, they are received between the
tapes 6. 7. The tapes 6 pass from the rollers under the roller i, over the
rollers and , and return around the roller -The tapes 7 pass from the
roller under the roller i, over the rollers 3 and 4, under the roller 2, and
return round the roller to the roller ¹. These tapes carry the folded papers
underneath the creasing or gripping roller , and over the rollers ³ and,
discharge it in front of the bars 18 of the rotary fly I.-The arms of the rotary
fly I will then lay them down successively on the travelling apron, or series of
tapes 8, which will carry them out of the machine.
and
Motion is communicated to this apparatus from the printing machine by a
train of spur gear to the main shaft J, and from thence through bevil gear, and the
intermediate vertical shaft J, to the shaft of the roller a¹.-The shaft carrying the
slitting knife C* is driven by spur gear from the shaft of this roller, which is also
connected with the shaft J2 by spur gear. This shaft is geared with the axle of
the roller c¹ by bevil gear.-The shaft of the rotary folding cylinder E, the cutting
cylinder F, the rotary fly I, and their accompanying folding rollers d³, d³, es, e³, and
tape rollers i, i³, are all driven by spur gear from the main shaft J, as shown by
pitch lines.
A detailed description of the different parts will now be given, reference being
had to the following Figures, which shew these parts detached.

page_text: "
Fig. 7 is a plan view of the turning device for changing the direction of travel of
a web in its most simple form, and provided with guides and conductors according
to this invention.
Fig. 8 is a side elevation of the same, and
Fig. 9 shews one of the guides detached.
Fig. 10 is a plan view of a turning device for associating a plurality of webs, and
at the same time changing their direction of travel; and
Figs. 11 and 12 are respectively sectional elevations of the same on the lines x x
and yy thereof.
Fig. 13 is a plan view of a turning device for reversing the surfaces of a web,
provided with these novel guides and conductors ;
Fig. 14 is a side elevation of the same, looking from the front to the back of
Fig. 13; and
.
Fig. 15 a similar view, looking from the left hand side of Fig. 13.
Figs. 16 and 17 are sectional elevations of the same, taken on the lines x x
and y y respectively.
Figs. 18 and 19 are sectional details showing a modified form of the conductors;
and
Fig. 20 a plan view of a portion of the same.
Fig. 21 is a plan view of a modified form of the turning device for reversing the
surfaces of a web;
Figs. 22 and 23 are side elevations of the same; looking from the front and left
hand sides respectively; and
Fig. 24 is a sectional detail of one of the guides and turning bars; and
Fig. 25 is a diagram illustrating the course of the web in passing through the
turning device and reversing its surfaces.
Fig. 26 represents a front elevation; and
Fig. 27 a side elevation of one construction of the triangular or longitudinal
folder suitable for operating upon webs of paper.
Fig. 28 represents the folded material as it appears when cut on the line xx, and
Fig. 29 the same as it appears when cut on the line y y of Fig. 27.
Fig. 30 is a perspective view representing the material as it appears
from the primary to the secondary devices of the folder.
Fig. 31 represents a front elevation, and
while passing
Fig. 32 a side elevation of the same folder when supplied with threading tapes.
Fig. 33 is a perspective view of the folder, one of the threading tapes being
omitted.
Fig. 34 represents a front elevation, and
Fig. 35 a side elevation of the folder supplied with tapes to adapt it to operate
upon material in the form of short detached sheets.
Fig. 36 is a section thereof on the line y y of Fig. 34; and
Fig. 37 is a sectional elevation on the line x x of Fig. 35.
Fig. 38 represents a front elevation, and
Fig. 39 a side elevation, of the folder, when composed of bars and plates, or of
skeleton form.
Figs. 40 to 45, inclusive, illustrate one embodiment of the secondary longitudinal
folder, whereof Fig. 40 is a front elevation,
Fig. 41 a side elevation,
Fig. 42 a plan or top view,
Fig. 43 a plan view of the internal member of the sheet-feeding mechanism, and
the external turners separated from the other parts,
Fig. 44 an elevation of the same and its adjuncts, with portions in section, and
Fig. 45 a perspective view of the internal member of the sheet feeding mechanism,
Fig. 46 is a side elevation, and
Fig. 47 a front elevation, illustrating a modified form of the external turners.
Fig. 48 is a perspective view, and
Fio 49 a plan view of another modification of the external turners.

page_text: g. is a side elevation or a modification of the folder, whereof
Figs. 51 and 52 are respectively horizontal sections on the lines x x and y y.
Fig. 53 is a modified form of the sheet-feeding mechanism.
Figs. 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60 and 61 are diagrams illustrating the different
positions the leading end of the sheet will take in its passage through the folder.
Fig. 62 is a partial front elevation of a sheet-laying or piling mechanism similar
to that shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
Fig. 63 is a sectional elevation of the same, taken upon the line xx.
Fig. 64 is a view similar to Fig. 62, showing the invention embodied in a slightly
different form.
Fig. 65 is an irregular sectional elevation of the same, the shell of the carrier
being taken upon the line xx, and the other parts upon the line z z, certain parts
being also broken away to expose the parts in the rear.
Fig. 66 is a view similar to Figs. 62 and 64, showing the invention embodied in
still another form.
Fig. 67 is an irregular sectional elevation of the same, the carrier being taken
upon the line xx, and the devices for moving the sheets upon the line z z.
Fig. 68 is a view similar to Fig. 67, showing a slight modification of the
construction shown in Figs. 66 and 67.
Fig. 69 is a diagram illustrating the order in which the sheets will be piled by
the mechanism shown in Figs. 62 and 63.
Fig. 70 is a similar view illustrating the order in which the sheets will be piled
by the mechanism shewn in Figs. 64 and 65, 66 and 67, and Fig. 71 is a similar view
illustrating the order in which the sheets will be piled by the mechanism shown in
Fig. 68.
That part of the invention relating to turning the web to either change its
direction of travel in entering the apparatus, or in its path through the same, or to
associate sections of the web after it has been printed when it is longitudinally
divided, is also adapted to reverse the surfaces of the web, so that when one
side thereof has been printed, the unprinted side is presented to the forms to be
printed.
In the accompanying drawings, which will now be described, that side of the
turning device at which the web enters is designated the A side, and that side at
which it leaves, is designated the B side, and the remaining two sides are designateḍ
the C and D sides respectively.
In illustrating the several embodiments of this invention, the printing and
delivery apparatus have, in some instances, been omitted, as the use of a turning
bar for changing the path of travel of a web, the use of turning bars in associating
two or more longitudinal sections or narrow webs, and their use combined with
the bending roller in reversing the surfaces of a web of paper, and their arrange-
ment and connection with such apparatus, is now of common knowledge.
The different forms of apparatus in connection with which turning bars have
been used for the various purposes described herein, will, however, be referred to
hereafter, in order to aid in a more ready understanding thereof.
Referring to Figs. 7 and 8, the turning device is illustrated in its simplest form.
This device consists of a bar C, arranged angularly across. the path of travel of the
web, so that in passing aroundfit, the web is directed in a path at an angle to its
previous path of travel.-Turning bars have been angularly disposed with respect
to two printing cylinders, and their companion impression cylinders arranged at
right angles one with the other, in the path of travel of the web, so as to direct
the, webs from one printing cylinder to the other; also a turning bar has been
arranged in the path of travel of the web, so as to direct it from the last impression
cylinder to a delivery apparatus, the axes of which are at right angles to the
impression cylinder; and a similar turning bar has been arranged between the roll
of paper and certain feeding rolls disposed at right angles to the axis of the paper
roll, so as to properly direct the passage of the web to said feeding rolls..

page_text: In either of these examples, the turning bar C is fixedly secured to brackets
(not shown) secured to the framework of the apparatus, which brackets may be
capable of slight adjustment thereon. This turning bar is provided with one or
more suitably curved guides c (see Fig. 9), whose inner curved surface coincides
with the surface of the bar, and it is situated a slight distance therefrom, and held
in that position upon a supporting rod c³, that passes through bosses provided on
the guides, and to which bar they are secured by set screws.
The ends of these curved guides may extend over and under the bar to any
extend desired, so as to aid in directing the leading end of the web to and from the
bar, and their entering ends may be suitably curved so as to present curved ends
to the entering web. It may also be remarked that the curved guides, instead of
being of narrow widthwise dimensions, might be of a width equal to the length
of the turning surface of the bar.
I
Associated with these curved guides c are arranged web conductors c¹º consisting
of two or more metal guides, secured at one end to the inner surface of the turning
bar, and at the other end to a cross bar (not shown) supported in the frame-work,
which conductors serve, in this instance, as under or supporting guides for the
web of paper, and bridge the space from a supporting roll or other surface to
the turning bar. There are also provided a set of guides c" similar to those just
described, and supported in like manner, which serve as upper guides for the web
of paper, and extend over the space from the under surface of the bar C to a roll
or rollers or other surface to which the web is to be directed.
The ends of the curved guides c might be extended a sufficient distance to bridge
the space from the under surface of the bar to said roll or rollers; two or more
inoving conductors or tapes 9 are preferably provided (stretched from pulleys not
shown), so that as the leading end of the web arrives at the under side of the bar,
having been carried into such position by the aid of said curved guides c, it will
be brought in contact with the moving tapes 9, and be carried thereby from the
bar in the proper direction to be operated upon by the adjacent devices of the
apparatus; or these tapes 9 might be margin threading tapes passing through a
portion of the apparatus to which the leading end of the web may be temporarily
attached, and be thus carried onward with them. It may also be observed that
in like manner moving conductors or tapes might be provided to carry the webs
over the guides co to the turning bar, so that its entering end will be positively
carried thereto, and meeting the curved guides c, be guided or caused to leave the
tapes, and follow the turning surface of the bar C, and be turned over it, so as to
meet the under moving tapes 9.
Figs. 10, 11 and 12 show the arrangement of the turning device such as is
shown and described with reference to the machines illustrated by Figs. 1 to 6
inclusive. This turning device is for associating two sections of a web longitu-
dinally divided, or two separate webs, so as to superimpose one section or web
upon the other, and change their direction of travel.
In these figures, the turning device consists of two turning bars C C, arranged
parallel with each other, and angularly disposed across the path of travel of the
web. Each of these bars is provided with the curved guides c supported upon
cross bars c in proper relation with the turning surface of the turning bars, with
under supporting guides co bridging the space from a roll a¹ to the turning bars, and
with upper co-operating moving tapes 2, stretched so as to run in contact with the
roll a¹ over the surface of the turning bars C C', and return around pulleys 6¹, and
operating to carry the web over the guides cto from the roll a¹ to the turning bars,
and with stationary guides c¹¹ and moving tapes 9 stretched from pulleys c¹a cla
forming the conductors from the underside of the turning bars to the pulleys cla
The guides cl, in this instance, are made in two portions, the under portion
extending from the inner under surface of the turning bar C, to, and connecting
with each of the curved guides c associated with the turning bar C¹, and thus
'bridge the space from one bar to the under side of the other. The upper portion
of the guides c¹¹ extends from the turning bar C to the pulleys c¹³ (see Fig. 12.)

page_text: The leading ends of the webs to be associated, (should they be a single web in
the first instance) will be divided longitudinally by a suitable slitter C*, which is
arranged to co-operate with the roll a¹. They will then be carried by the moving
tapes 2 over the supporting guides co to the upper surface of the turning bars CC³,
where, meeting the curved guides c, they will be directed by them from the moving
tapes 2, so as to follow and turn over the turning bars.-The web turned over the
bar C will be directed under it into contact with the moving tapes 9, and be carried
thereby between them and the upper portion of the stationary guides c¹. The
web turned over the turning bar C will, in like manner, be directed under it into
contact with the moving tapes 9, and be carried thereby between them and the
under portion of the stationary guide c¹, and be directed by said guides and
the lower extending portion of the curved guides c of the bar. C under the
web turned over the bar C¹, and meeting the same, the webs thus associated
will be carried by the moving tapes 9 over the pulleys c¹³ to the longitudinal
folder D.
In the embodiment of the invention shown in Figs. 13 to 24 inclusive, the
curved guides and conductors are illustrated as combined with turning bars
arranged to reverse the surfaces of a web.
Referring particularly to Figs. 13 to 17 inclusive, the turning bars C* C* are
angularly arranged across the path of travel of the web, and disposed in opposite
directions with each other, and situated a short distance apart one over the other.
Arranged with these turning bars is a bending roll C³, around which the web is
turned after passing from the first turning bar so as to be directed back to the
second turning bar, as is common. Each of these turning bars is provided with
a number (three, as shown in the present case) of curved guides c, supported and
held in proper relation with the surface of the turning bars by the supporting
bars c, as before described.
The passage of the web over the turning bars is, in this instance, from their
under side over to the upper side of them, as distinguished from the embodiments
before described, wherein the passage of the web is reversed, that is, from the upper
side of the bar or bars over to its or their under side.-The upper turning bar C*
herein is, in like manner, provided with the stationary guides 6, which are sup-
ported at one end upon a cross bar, and at the other fixed to the inner side of the
turning bar, and with moving conductors 2 stretched from a roll a¹ to, and returning
around stretching pulley b¹, over pulley 62, and passing in contact with the under
surface of said turning bar. These guides and conductors, in this illustration, are
the reverse of those before described, the latter serving as supporting conductors for
the web from the roll a¹ to the under side of the turning bar C. The leading end of
the web will be carried thereby to the under surface of said turning bar, when it
will be directed and upwardly turned around the same by the curved guides, c, by
which the web will be directed, at an angle to its previous path of travel, toward
the bending roll C³. The space between this turning bar and said bending roll
is bridged by stationary supporting guides b³, supported similarly to the guides b*
upon a cross bar with which the guides b³ are provided. Moving conductors 9,
which are stretched from pulleys c¹, pass in contact with the upper surface of the
turning bar C and bending roll C³, and return around pulleys c¹³, so as to run in
contact with the under surface of said bending roll and the turning bar C, around
suitable stretching pulleys. The leading end of the web turned around the
turning bar C to its upper surface, will be carried onward by the moving
conductors 9, over the guides b³, to the bending roll C³, where the leading end of
the web will be directed around it by fixed guides 6 supported from a cross bar
in close relation with said roll C³, and be carried and directed thereby to the
under side of said roll, into contact with the moving conductors 9, and will be
carried thereby under stationary guides 63*, supported and arranged upon the cross
bar, in a manner similar to the guides b³, to the under side of the lower turning
bar C-The leading end of the web thus carried will meet the curved guides c
arranged with said turning bar, and be directed thereby from the under side of

page_text: said bar upwardly around the same to its upper surface, and be thus turned, so as
to travel at an angle to its path of travel from the bending roll C³, and in the same
direction as its travel to the turning bar C2, with its surface reversed, as will be
seen clearly in Fig. 25, wherein the web W, travelling toward the turning bar C³,
with its b side uppermost, has its surface reversed, so that its a side is uppermost
in leaving the turning bar C-In being directed over the turning bar C by the
curved guides, the leading end of the web will be carried onward from said
bar by moving conductors 9* over stationary guides 6*, into such position as to
be further operated upon. These moving conductors 9* are stretched from the
pulleys b², passing in contact with the upper surface of the turning bar C, and
return around stretching pulleys be under the pulleys 6. The stationary guides b**
are supported in like manner to the guides C upon a cross bar.
The stationary guides leading to and from the turning bars may have sub-
stituted for them, moving.conductors, which will be so arranged as to co-operate
with the moving conductors 2, 9 and 9*, to carry the leading end of the web
positively to and from the turning bars. Sectional details of such substitution are
illustrated by Figs. 18, 19 and 20, wherein the stationary guide b* of the previously
described embodiments, is represented by moving conductors 64, that are stretched
around pulleys (see Fig. 18), so as to co-operate with the lower moving conductors 2.
The pulleys in this instance will be suitably mounted on brackets secured to the
inner side of the turning bar C³, as is clearly shown.-The stationary guides 6³ 63*
of Fig. 15, heretofore described as bridging the space from the turning bar C³ to
the bending roll C³, and from the latter to the turning bar C', are replaced by
continuous moving conductors 63 (see Fig. 19), which are stretched from pulleys c
around the bending roll C³, to and around pulleys c*, and return around
pulleys These moving conductors 63 thus co-operate with the moving
conductors 9 in positively carrying the leading end of the web from the turning
bar C around the bending roll C to the turning bar C.-In like manner, as the
stationary guides b* are substituted by the moving conductors shown in Fig. 18,
the stationary guides 6** may have substituted for them moving conductors co-
operating with the moving conductors 9*, so as to positively carry the leading
end of the web, after being turned over the bar C, to the adjacent operating
devices of the apparatus.
In the modified arrangement illustrated by Figs. 21 to 24 inclusive, the sets of
moving conductors 9 and 9* are dispensed with, and the moving conductors 2 are
stretched so as to travel through the entire turning device, and thus carry the
leading end of the web over the turning bars and bending roll out of the device,
and thence return to the place of entrance to the turning device.
The curved directing guides c, associated with each turning bar, are provided
with openings through which the conductor 2 passes, and which provides supports c*
(see Fig. 24) by which the conductor is held out of contact with the bars, except at
their upper and lower surfaces, as its direction is changed is passing around them.
By this means, the web is prevented from buckling, or being caused to slew to one
side in turning the bars.
The extensions of the guides c will in this case be preferably of the duplex form
shown, so arranged as to lie upon opposite sides of the conductor or tape 2, as
shown in Fig. 21,
In this construction of the curved guides, the continuous moving conductors 2
will be stretched from the roll a¹ to, and in contact with the under surface of the
turning bar C; thence through the openings c** around the supports c* of the
curved guides; thence over and in contact with the upper surface of said turning
bar, to and in contact with the upper surface of the bending roll Cs; thence
around pulleys 12 under and in contact with the under surface of said bending
roll, to and in contact with the under surface of the turning bar C, and through
the openings.c** over the supports c* of the curved guides c arranged with said
bar; thence over and in contact with the upper surface thereof; thence around

page_text: stretching pulleys c¹, and over diagonally arranged pulleys c¹5; thence crossing each
other, and returning under similar pulleys to the roll a¹.
The position of these diagonally arranged pulleys is such, that the moving con-
ductors will be properly returned, after passing through the turning device, by
being directed diagonally across each other's path in the space between the planes.
in which the two turning bars are placed, from the point at which they cease to
carry the web, back to the point at which they act to do so. With these continuous
moving conductors may be arranged the stationary guides or co-operating moving
conductors 6 63 6** and b** in the manner before described.
The continuous conductors 2 illustrated in Figs. 21 to 24 may be marginal or
threading tapes running entirely through the printing apparatus, by which the
leading end of the web may be suitably directed over the impression cylinder or
cylinders to be printed upon one side, and through the turning device, thus
reversing its sides, and onto the remaining impression cylinder or cylinders, to be
printed upon the opposite side, from which last cylinder the tapes may be returned
back to the first impression cylinder.
The marginal tapes of the conductors 2 of the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 13
to 20 may be the marginal or threading tapes passing over the impression cylinder
or cylinders through which the web is printed on one side, and after passing under
the turning bar C², may be returned directly over the pulleys b' 6' to the first
impression cylinder.-In like manner, the marginal tapes of the conductors 9* may,
after passing the pulley 66, be led to and over the impression cylinder or cylinders
by which the reversed web is printed upon its opposite side, and return from the
last impression cylinder under pulleys 61 to the pulleys b-In this arrangement,
however, the leading end of the web, if attached to the marginal tapes 2, on
entering upon the first impression cylinder, would necessarily have to be detached
upon entering the turning device, and be attached to the marginal tapes of the con-
ductors 9, after passing through the turning device, to be directed and carried
around the last impression cylinder, as will be readily understood.-From which it
will be seen that the particular arrangement of the moving conductors herein
shown may be varied as circumstances and the form of the printing apparatus and
adjacent operating devices may require.
While in the web reversing apparatus it is preferable to lead the moving con-
ductors around the pulleys c12, as the web would thus be less liable to buckle in
passing around the bending roll Cs, said conductors might, instead of this, be passed
around said roll, and thus dispense with the guides 68 as is obvious.
It is obvious that either or both of the lateral extending portions of the guides o
may be of a length sufficient to guide the web for a distance to or from the turning
bar, and thus in some instances dispense with the employment of other conductors
for the leading end of the web. Thus, in the embodiment shown in Figs. 7 and 8,
the under lateral extending portion of the curved guides might bridge the space
from the turning bar to an adjacent moving surface or carrying tapes of the
apparatus, and thus dispense with the moving conductors 9.-The stationary
guides c might also in such case be formed of moving conductors mounted in the
manner before described, and stretched around the adjacent moving surface, or
co-operate with other carrying tapes.
While the various embodiments of this invention, as herein described, are
thought sufficient to clearly illustrate all the forms in which they may be used, it
is to be understood that the curved directing guides, the moving conductors, and
the stationary guides may be employed with many other forms of web turning
devices not herein specifically referred to, which are now of common knowledge.-
The curved directing guides, either with or without the moving conductors or the
stationary guides, may be used, for instance, with the V form of turning device,
wherein the web is transferred laterally, without changing its direction of travel.
In like manner these improvements may be employed with turning devices con-
sisting of bars arranged parallel with one another, so as to transfer a plurality of
webs laterally, without changing their direction of travel.

page_text: I will now describe the construction and arrangement of the longitudinal
folding apparatus D.-This folder consists of an internal guide or former, having
angular guiding surfaces, and co-operating external turners, by passing between
which, the material has its sides gradually carried toward each other, and finally
lapped together so as be doubled or folded longitudinally.
In the operation of folding paper or other material on the run (say upon a
central line), it will be understood that the opposite sides of the material will have
to be guided towards each other in a direction at an angle to the travel of the
central portion of the material for a distance equal to one-half the width of the sheet
or web undergoing the folding operation, and that when these sides, thus guided,
have travelled a distance sufficient to cause them to meet each other, (it may be
their leading edges), the material will be folded together.
In the folders heretofore constructed for producing this longitudinal folding, the
internal guide has been so formed as to afford turning edges or side supports con-
verging to a common point, said point determining the line of the longitudinal
fold. These side supports or turning edges are so constructed as to form with each
other angles of various degrees, but in all cases have served to distend the paper,
and support its sides up to nearly the very line of fold, against the action of the
external turners, which serve to press upon the paper in the opposite direction,
that is, to press the sides together, and compel the folding.-These devices may
.therefore be said to operate to change the direction of the travel of the sides of the
moving material, crease or lay the line of its fold, lap the sides together, and cause
the lapped sides to take the same direction of travel, all simultaneously.
In thus folding the material, the fold-forming point must be the common point
of convergence of all that portion of the material that is changing its direction
from a flat form to the folded condition which it has, when doubled, by lapping its
sides together. Hence, it will be observed that the paper must take angular
directions of travel that form a common apex (the folding point), which will be
sharply defined, and therefore require an abrupt bending of the material, which
thus has a greater tendency to break or buckle at or near this point.
In order to accomplish this longitudinal folding at a high rate of speed, without
breaking or wrinkling the material at or near the fold-forming point, especially
when such material is of two or three plies, it has been found necessary to construct
the members of the folder with great nicety, and to adjust them in relation
to each other with great accuracy, thus incurring a loss of time, and involving
expense.
The object of this part of the invention is to accomplish the longitudinal folding
of fabrics on the run, either in the web or sheet form, by means of internal guides
and co-operating external turners, which may be rapidly made and quickly adjusted
in working order, without necessitating great accuracy of construction, nicety of
adjustment, or any considerable expense.
Stated broadly, this part of the invention may be said to consist in a longi-
tudinal folder composed of an internal guide, external turners set a distance apart,
and a fold-laying device, these parts being so arranged as to divide the folding
operation into two parts.-The first part consists in conforming the material, by
guiding or bending the sides of the web towards each other, until the major part
or portion of the sides (considered on a transverse line or widthwise) are parallel
or substantially parallel, without being brought into contact.-This causes the
central part of the material, (or that portion connecting the sides at right angles to
the line of their parallelism), to lie or be bent substantially at a right angle to
said sides, and it is the distending or bringing of this central portion into allign-
ment with the side portions, at the same time bringing the side portions together,
whereby the folding is completed, that constitutes the second part of the operation.
In this second part of the operation, the leading edge of the material is directed
onward from the devices which perform the first part to the fold laying device, at
the proper angles to ultimately lay the sides of the material together, or bring them
into folded contact.

page_text: It is to be understood that by this method of operation, the devices which
perform the first part are designed not only to so deflect the sides of the material
as to bring the major portions of them into position parallel with each other, but
to externally maintain or support their greatest widthwise portion, while they are
being lapped together or brought into contact to complete the folding operation, by
the devices of the second part.-This width wise support for the greater portion of the
sides is afforded by the turners that bear externally upon said sides in a direction
parallel to each other, and approximately at right angles to the direction at which the
material leaves them, but the central portion of the material connecting the sides,
has no widthwise support beyond the point lying between said external turners
(or devices of the first part), as it is last supported on the line between said
turners, where it leaves the internal guide, in changing its plane of travel and in
being transformed from a flat to a folded condition, which line of support is a
transverse or widthwise bearing or guide afforded by the internal guide, and
equal in length to dimensions slightly less than the space between the external
turners.
It will now be understood that during this last part of the operation, the forming
of the line of longitudinal folding may be aided by a metallic creasing edge, when
a two or three-ply fabric is being manipulated. However, as the secondary or
fold-laying device simply presses sides of the material together, and its line of
contact upon the material widthwise is parallel with that of the external turners
of the primary devices, the creasing edge will simply act to guide or bend outward
the slack portion of the material whenever such slack is produced, by the sides
being brought into contact in passing from the external turners to the said fold-
laying or secondary device. In thus acting upon the material, it will be found
that its widthwise support by the external turners is sufficient to resist any
pressure the creasing edge may exert, and hence will prevent the latter from
rupturing or distorting the material being folded.
In practice, however, it will be found that the elasticity of single-ply material is
sufficient to enable the accomplishment of the folding operation without the aid of
a "creasing edge."
Thus, when the sides of the material have been brought together, and the line of
fold once formed, the whole tendency of that part of the material that extends
from the point of said fold back to the transverse line of support which the
central part of the material has between the external turners, will be to bend or
turn outward, and hence will naturally take the course that most perfectly conduces
to the smooth formation of the creased line of fold.
It will also be found in practice, that any uneven strain which may have been
caused (by reason of any slight inaccuracy of adjustment) to either side of the
material in its passage through the primary devices, whereby its major portion is
conformed or converted from a single plane to two parallel planes widthwise, will
be compensated for in the central portion of the material, which will adjust itself
evenly and without causing wrinkles or other distortion when free from contact
with guides, as it is while passing from the primary to the secondary devices.
Other novel features of this part of the invention will be found in the combi-
nation with the internal guide and external turners, of a fold-laying device, also a
fold-creasing device, interposed between the former and the latter.
This part of the invention also includes a construction of the internal guide,
whereby it is provided with a continuous surface between its guiding edges, and
also beyond them.-It also consists in the combination with the continuous surfaced
internal guide, of carrying tapes whereby the leading in, or threading of the end of
a web is effected.
This part of the invention also comprehends the combination with the internal
guide, of carrying tapes, whereby the folder is best adapted to the manipulation of
detached sheets; also combinations of parts hereinafter fully set forth.

page_text: Referring now to figures 26 to 39, and first considering the simpler or con-
tinuous surface form of longitudinal folder, the internal guide formed of sheet
metal, it will be found that the primary part of the folder, or what has been
termed the internal guide or conformator, is provided with two guiding or
supporting edges or surfaces d', d³, that are diametrically opposed, but extending
forward in converging directions.-Instead of meeting at a common point, as in
former constructions, they terminate a considerable distance apart, and are united
transversely by a guiding surface do.-The guiding surfaces or edges d', ds, support
respectively the major part of each side of the material undergoing folding, while
the guiding surface de supports the central portion, or that part connecting the
sides.
These converging angular guiding surfaces or edges d' do form the guiding edges
or surfaces over which the material is bent to bring its sides towards each other, or
into a condition of parallelism, whereby the greater portion of their diversion from
one plane into parallel positions, considered width wise, is accomplished, and their
further mutual approach to a condition of contact, necessary in folding, may be
most readily effected; and the transverse guiding surface de acts as the support for
the central portion of the material that forms, in the primary part of the folder,
the small widthwise portion that has ultimately to be changed in its position to
complete the folding.
The external turners d, d, are set a distance apart, with their centers opposite,
or nearly so, to the line of the transverse guiding surface or edge do, and therefore
operate with the internal guide only to perform what has been described as the
primary or first part of the folding operation, that is, conform the material into the
shape shown by the diagrain, figure 28.
The fold-laying device consists of a roller as d (it might be two as d³ d³), the
function of which is to lay the sides of the material together, as shewn by the
diagram, figure 29.-If the contact of the sides of the material is to be effected by
straining the material over one surface, as appears by the direction given it around
roller din figure 26, the roller d³ may obviously be omitted, but if the material is
to continue a straight onward course, the two rollers de d³ will properly confine the
two sides, and sufficiently crease the fold line without compressing the sides
together, which latter is objectionable when freshly printed paper is operated
upon. A suitable number of pulleys on a shaft would, of course, be the equivalent
for each of these rollers, and although desirable that the fold-laying device shall
rotate, it is perfectly practicable to use a bar or bars for the purpose. It is
therefore to be understood that the term, fold-laying device, whenever used, is to
mean one or two such rollers, or their equivalent pulleys, or one or two stationary
turning surfaces.
The function of this fold-laying device may be further explained to be to lay the
opposite sides of the material together by stretching them respectively from their
somewhat wide separation or parallelism, where they leave the external turners & d'
and the internal guide, to a condition of contact when they pass the fold laying
device, between which sets of devices, the material (in the construction now under
consideration) is free from contact with either an internal or an external device,
and may therefore adjust itself so as to produce a perfectly smooth fold in passing
the fold-laying device.
In the structure shown in figures 26 and 27, the conformator or internal guide is
shown as constructed from a sheet metal plate bent into shape.-It is thus given a
form that produces the angular converging guiding surfaces or edges d' d³ and the
transverse guiding surface de, all of which are united by a body plate whose base is
at least as long as the material to be folded is wide. From the guiding edges or
surfaces d' d³, the plate is bent at approximately right angles and forms sides d'
the conformator thus affording a continuous bearing surface widthwise for the
material up to the point where the material passes over the external turners.-The
plate is also. extended beyond the guiding surface or edge do, and its advanced

page_text: portion is bent downward, as is shown in figure 27, so as to form a nose d³, that is
removed from the pathway of the paper, or in other words, forms a rounded surface
that will enable the material to run smoothly over it, but neither this extension
nor the provision of the body or sides d' are requisite, as will hereinafter appear,
although they form a support on which the material may smoothly lie, and over
which it may evenly run, and also protect it from being broken by accidental or
other contact of bodies with it.
The internal guide may be secured by common means in an appropriate position
to receive the material to be folded, the angle shown being a convenient one, and
the external turners d d and fold-laying device will be suitably fixed to rotate, or
not, as the case may be.-No frame work or bearings for them are shown, as that
may be readily constructed by an ordinary mechanic.
For a more convenient understanding of the operation of this folding mechanism,
the material will be followed in its course through the same. It is spread width-
wise over the base, and moved forward over the comformator or internal guide.―
As its leading edge travels onward, the sides of the material will be bent over the
guiding edges d' d³, and form angular bends drooping beyond them, which angular
bends will progressively increase in extent and in their approach toward each other
as their leading edge advances toward the external turners d d-As the leading
edge reaches the said turners d d, the major portions of the sides of the material,
considered widthwise, will have travelled toward each other, and been diverted
from a straight line, and conformed, as shown in the diagram, figure 28, so as to
be parallel, which parallelism is the relative position that that portion of them
will occupy when ultimately lapped or folded, although the sides will be close
together as in diagram, figure 29.-The central portion of the material uniting
these parallel portions of the sides is stretched across the guiding edge do, and thus
constitutes a comparatively small portion of the material remaining to be bent out
or distended, and added in equal parts as extensions of the parallel sides, to
accomplish the lapping thereof, and complete the folding operation.
From this position the material is carried forward, and the leading edges of its
sides are laid together by being passed between the fold-laying devices d³ d³, or
bent around one of them.-This (see figure 30) causes the parallel portions of the
material to converge, from their separated position at the external turners, at
angles that unite at the fold-laying device, and the said central portion to pro-
gressively decrease its widthwise extent from the edge do, where it leaves the
internal guide, to the fold-creasing point where its dimensions are lost.-The entire
sides of the material are thus lapped together, and the longitudinal folding
completed.
In this operation, the said central portion has been gradually distended or
straightened out, so as to lie parallel with the adjacent sides (as in figure 29), in
passing from the internal guide to the fold laying device, and since the said central
portion of the material is unconfined between said devices, it is consequently free
to move in all directions, and hence may accommodate itself to the taking up of
any slackness, and to compensate for any straining, and thus secure the formation
of a perfect and regular folded line, and, preventing any buckling of the material
near such folded line, will therefore enable the sides to lay smoothly together.
In figures 31 to 33, the internal guide having the continuous surface formation
constituted by a bent metal plate that provides the guiding surfaces or edges d* d³,
united by a body plate, and having side plates d', is shown as provided with a
tapering guide that extends from the external turners d d¹ to, and terminates near,
the point where the two sides of the material are lapped together in passing over
one, or between both of the fold laying devices d² d³.
The body plate and the side plates d' are continued to form said tapering guides
by an elongated top plate d³ and side plates d10 extending at right angles there-
from. This tapering guide simply acts to prevent the paper from being distorted,
broken, or misdirected by external force, as by accidental blows or currents of air,
and though advantageous in these respects, forms no essential part of the devices

page_text: necessary to perform the folding operation, but its extremity performs the function
of the fold-creasing device herein before alluded to, and hereinafter explained.
A longitudinal folder will be best adapted to the threading of the material in
the condition of a long sheet or web, by providing it with leading tapes 9, 10, the
latter being a set that extend from the source of supply of the material (it may be,
the base line of the folder), and run in contact with the body of the folder, and
return through an opening in said body (near the turners d d¹), over a pulley du
hung beneath said body. The upper tape 9 extends parallel with the tape 10, and,
as far as the pulley d¹, in contact with said tape, but from this point said tape 9,
extends for a distance in contact with the top plate d of the tapering guide, and
returns over a pulley d to another returning pulley, not shown. Such tapes,
nipping the material between them, will operate to carry the same through the
folder, and introduce the doubled leading edge of the same to the fold-laying
devices dd, which, if rollers, will continue the feed.-But this tape 9 need not
bear upon the material beyond the guiding edge do, as hereafter described.
If the apparatus is to fold long webs, the fold-laying device may be a roller d
or d³, or a rigid bar, preferably with rounded edge, but in the use of a single
device, of course, a pair of nipping feeding rollers will have to be placed in
advance of the fold-laying device, to insure the onward travel of the web. In the
case of short sheets, it will be desirable to use the rollers d², d³, as fold-laying
devices, since they will also operate as feeding devices.
The internal guide in figures 20 and 21, is shown as supported by arms that are
bolted to cross bars d¹³ of a frame work, and the pulley is shown with a shaft
journalled in knees secured to the internal guides.-The pulleys d¹ will be sup-
ported in an arm properly secured to some part of the frame work.
The function of the tapes 9, 10, (the former being omitted for clearness of
illustration in figure 22) is to nip the central portion of the web introduced into
the folder, and thus aid in carrying its leading edge onward, thereby facilitating
the operation of threading the apparatus, as well as facilitating its onward travel
during the folding operation.
In practice, it has sometimes been found that the formation of a longitudinal
fold, by passing a web or sheets over an internal guide, whereby the sides of
the sheet or web are brought together, causes the central part of the web or
sheets, while stretched in a true plane between the guiding or turning edges or
surfaces dd, to have a tendency to wrinkle, to overcome which, and insure
a carrying hold between the upper and lower tapes, the internal guide is provided
with a centrally raised surface d¹, see figures 34, 36, 37.-This raised portion may
be formed by a solid portion of the plate, as in these figures, or it may be formed,
where the guiding edges or surfaces d', d³, are not connected by a continuous
surface, by raising the path or travel of the central tapes, or by a similar bar, the
function to be performed being the raising of the central portion of the web or
sheet so that it shall travel in a plane slightly higher than that in which the major
portion of the opposite sides of the web or sheets travel.
In practice, however, it has been found that a number of tapes arranged to
support the web at various points of its width, greatly facilitate the travel of the
web, and, where it is printed upon, prevents its freshly printed surface from being
smirched.
In figures 34, 35, and 36, these undertapes consist in part of a central pair
marked 10, which, although duplex, are in effect but a duplication of the tapes 10
shown in the preceding figures, and in figures 38 and 39, as are their pulleys d".-
Their companion tapes 11 are arranged at proper points to underlie the web and
support it throughout its width, and they run respectively over pulleys d¹s that are
journalled in hangers which depend from the underside of the folder plate.-In
connection with these tapes, it is desirable to use a pair 9 (shown in dotted lines in
figure 34) running over pulleys d¹³, and operating, as does the tape 9 in figure 31,
to insure a perfect run. The tapes 11 may be more or less in number according to
circumstances,

page_text: In figure 37, the guiding surfaces d', d³, have thickened edges, and are formed in
one with the connecting body, by casting.-Practically, it is preferable to form
these guiding surfaces of metal bars, and to make the body of sheet metal; both
may, however, be made of wood, or the former of metal and the latter of wood.-
Whatever the material may be, the raised portion d may be integral with the
body, or applied separately, and it should vanish as the guide do is approached, and
at its rear end, as shown in figures 34 and 36, thus forming a bearing that is
slightly curved longitudinally.
In figures 34 and 35, and also in the case of the structures shown in figures 26
and 37, the top plate or body of the internal guide is shown as terminating just in
advance of a line drawn through the centres of the external turners d d¹, and its
extremity or nose should be turned down as herein before explained.-The top plate
of the tapering guide or extension between said turners and the fold forming
devices, is also omitted in figure 26.
.
In place of said side plates d' and d¹º, a number of flat bars de, duplicated on
opposite sides (see figures 34, 35, and 37), are provided.-The side bars de simply
steady and prevent displacement of the sides of the material, and the central bar
forms the creasing edge hereinbefore alluded to, and particularly hereinafter
explained. These side bars are secured to a rod d that supports the pulleys du
and also the forward end of the internal guide, and is attached at its rear end to
the frame of the machine by means of nuts, as appears in figure 35.-All of these
bars may be omitted, yet they serve; as do the side plates, to prevent interference
with the proper run of the material to the fold-completing devices d³, d³-The
front bars d, like the side plates and the top plate, are inclined outward, as
appears in figure 35, so as to follow the line assumed by the material, as its sides
approach each other in the formation of the fold.
4
In the folding of short sheets, it is necessary to provide sufficient tapes to guide
the leading edge forward, and to compel the sides of each sheet to bend over the
guiding surfaces d*, d³, and pass over the inside surface of the external turners d, d¹;.
and it is now to be remarked, that, although these outside tapes are shown only in
figures 38 and 39, it is to be understood that they may be applied to any of the
other constructions of folder herein described, or to any equivalent construction.-
It has been intimated that the internal guide is essentially formed of the guiding
surfaces or edges d' d³.-A practical embodiment of the folder having such internal
guide is shown in figures 38 and 39, which will now be described.
These guides consist of bars d' d³, joined together at their converging ends by a
head do, and supported at their diverging ends by a base bar or rod, which bar or
rod, and the bar or rod d, are supported from the framing of the machine.―The
base of the internal guide finds its equivalent in the pulleys d's-In this embodi-
ment, the side bars d₁s, the side plates and top plate forming an extension of what
has been called the folder, have as an equivalent protection device, a central plate,
that extends from the head do, and projects angularly forward nearly to the
nipping or central point between the fold laying devices d' d³, and forms
fold-
creasing device. It is preferably pivotted in the head do, it being pressed outward
by the spring.
The under tapes and their pulleys shown and described with reference to the
construction shown in figures 31, 32, 34 and 35, are embodied herein, as is shown
by the letters of reference repeated in these figures, the pulleys " being shown as
mounted in hangers supported by a shaft.
Of the outside tapes shown, the central one 9, like its counterpart in the other
figures, runs in contact or co-operation with the under tape 10, and returns over a
pulley d¹³, in this instance mounted in a hanger adjustably supported on a shaft
(see figure 39), and in this case, the rear returning pulley d¹ is also shown, (see
figure 38).
The remaining upper tapes 12, 12 are arranged as follows;-The tapes 12, 12,
duplicated on opposite sides of the center, respectively co-operating with the
tapes 11, 11 (see figures 34, 35, and 37) run from pulleys do, pass over pulleys d's,

page_text: from which they are stretched in contact with the said tapes 11, 11, run over the
guiding edges d' d³, over external turners & d', and returning around the fold-
laying or completing devices d' d³, pass over pulleys d" to the pulleys d20.
The tapes, in like manner duplicated on opposite sides of the centre, respectively
co-operating with the tapes 11, run from pulleys d21, pass over pulleys d18, from
which they are stretched in contact with the said tapes 11, run over the guiding
edges d d over the external turners d d¹, and return over the fold-laying or
completing devices d' d³, and pass over guiding pulleys to the pulleys d".
With any one of the structures of this folder, there may he combined a slitter D* .
(see figures 35 and 39).-It is preferably mounted on an adjustable arm, but may
be hung in any approved manner, so as to slit the material when partially folded,
being made to cut upon a bearing surface upon the folder, or by running in a
groove in the folder, as may be preferred.
The creasing device which has herein before. been spoken of as constituted by
the plates d¹º, united by a top plate d³, as in figures 31, 32, and 33; by the
plates d, as in figures 34 and 35; and by the elastically seated plate, as in
figures 38, 39; simply extends its forward end to the place where the fold should
be regularly formed, and, especially with two or more plies of material, is useful,
not only to aid the formation of such fold, but by the upper edge of its body
operating to prevent the central portion of the material from sagging down and
thus inducing wrinkling.
It has been said that the angular guiding edges d*, d³, are essentials, and it has
been stated that the guiding edge d³ of the internal guide forms a bearing surface
upon which the central portion of the material rests for a support as it leaves the
internal guide. This guiding edge do is especially useful, and while it is to be
remarked that it may be a straight line or slightly curved, it is to be observed that
it may be omitted without affecting the efficiency of the folder.-Thus, instead of
the internal guide being constructed so as to provide this guide at or near a line
drawn through the centre of the turners d d', its surface may be depressed or cut
away at that point, and the last bearing of the central portion of the material be
found on some line, either straight or curved, and positioned some distance to the
rear of said turners; or, in the case of the structure of the guiding edges d', d³,
shown in figure 38, be constituted solely by the support they afford when extended
to have contact with the material up to the point where the major portion of its
sides naturally leaves them in being stretched over the external turners d, d¹.
The angular guiding surfaces or edges d', d³, may sometimes be omitted when
handling paper or cloth in the web, but in that case, the guiding edge de will be
retained.
In some instances, the turners d, d, may vary from parallelism, and occupy
co-equal angles of divergence from a central line.
In all of the forms shown and described, the external turners d, d¹, and the
fold-completing or laying devices d d³, are shown as arranged in a horizontal
position, and the turning or guiding edges d', d³, as arranged at an angle of about
45° thereto, and this is the preferred arrangement. The external turners and the
fold-completing device may, however, be arranged in a different position, and the
angle of the guiding edges of the internal guide may be varied widely without
departing from the invention.
This part of the invention relates to the construction of the second longitudinal
folder at G in Figs. 1 and 2, in which the folding is accomplished by causing the
sides of the web or sheet to approach each other through converging paths of travel,
until they are brought together, as distinguished from those in which the folding
is accomplished by entering the fold line of the sheet into the bite of rolls or jaws,
and then bringing the sides together.
In these folders, as heretofore. organized, the parts have been so constructed and
arranged, that during its passage through the folder, the web or sheet was controlled
throughout its entire width, so that all portions upon any given line, taken in the

page_text: direction of its length or movement, were caused to take the same course or path
of travel.
In operating upon sheets or sections when the paper is in certain conditions, due
to quality, dampness, stiffness, or is several plies in thickness, and more particularly
when the sheet has already received one or more folds, and is delivered to the
folder with one of its folded edges in advance, the paper near the longitudinal fold,
and particularly at the point of intersection of the the two folds, will be wrinkled
to a greater or less extent, and the sheet is retarded slightly, so that it will fail to
be presented in proper time to the subsequent mechanisms.-These difficulties,
which are not experienced when operating upon single sheets, are due to the fact
that when the paper is several plies in thickness, and particularly when it has
already received one or more folds at right angles to the longitudinal fold, it is
rendered so stiff and untractable, that it will not readily conform itself to the
exact course of travel which it is required to take in passing through the folder.
In a folder thus constructed, the central portion of the sheet, or that portion
which is to receive the fold, being the only part of the sheet that is positively
controlled during the folding operation, it results that the sides of the sheet, as
they are bent inward toward each other, are left free to accommodate themselves
to the position which the fold line is compelled to retain, and consequently, all
tendency of the material to wrinkle at or near the fold is avoided.
The sheet-carrying or feeding mechanism consists of an internal and an external
member, between which the sheets are held and supported, and by which they are
advanced through the folder.
The internal member may consist of a tape or cord passing around suitable
pulleys, or it may consist of a bar or rod, or it may consist of a number of pulleys,
the spaces between which are bridged by suitable stationary guides.
The preferred construction of this internal member is best illustrated in
Figs. 40, 41 and 44, where it is shown as consisting of a tape 4, which passes
over pulleys g¹, g³, g³, and provides a bearing of sufficient width to support the
sheet along that portion which is to receive the fold.-The pulleys g¹ g³ g³ are
mounted between internal central plates G, which are supported by an arm g*, and
are held the proper distance from each other to accommodate the pulleys by stay
pieces. The lower edges of the plates G are preferably bent inward, so as to form
an edge, said plates being dressed off, as may be required, according to their
thickness. The edge thus formed is parallel with and near the periphery of the
fold-laying rollers g g, and is preferably extended longitudinally by an angular
plate or creaser g³, which protrudes centrally from, and at the lower part of the
plates. The lower contracted portion of the plate G might be a wedge-like shoe
piece, constructed separately, and attached between said plates.
The pulleys g¹ g g³ form supports for the tape 4, which runs from the roller g
in contact with pulleys g¹ g², and returns over the pulley g³.
The external member of the sheet-feeding mechanism may consist of a tape or
cord arranged to co-operate with the tape 4, or it may consist of suitable pulleys,
or, if the internal member is composed of one or more pulleys, with or without a
tape or cord, it may consist of a bar or rod arranged to hold the sheets against the
internal member.
In the preferred construction, it consists of a tape 3, that runs from the roller g'
in contact with a pulley 98, supported by a rod, and returns over a pulley g³, also
supported by a rod. These pulleys 9° 9° are paired with, or run in nipping contact
with the pulleys g², g³, respectively, and act to seize and positively feed the sheet,
or cause the tapes 43 to so act.-The pendent supporting rods of the pulleys 98 9⁹
are secured to a transverse rod, and by means of this arrangement, these pulleys
bear against the pulleys g³ g³ with a yielding pressure, so as to always maintain a
nipping contact.
These tapes may be omitted in some cases, and the pulleys be positively driven,
and depended upon to cause the positive feed, but the tapes are preferably
employed

page_text: The rollers 96 97 constitute the means for delivering the sheet to the folder, and
may have sheets conveyed to them in any convenient way from any source, as from
a printing machine, or from a table, from which the sheets are fed by hand. If the
sheets are fed by hand, a pair of pulleys around which the tapes 3. 4 pass, may be
used in place of the rollers 96 g, the rollers and pulleys 90 g g¹ being dispensed
with. In the illustration, the point of receiving the sheet is at the pair of
rollers glo gl, around which the tapes 3. 4 return to the rollers g g7, the outer tape 3
passing over roller g₁, and the inner tape 4 over roller g¹º. For carrying the sheets
from these rollers g₁o g¹¹ to the rollers 96 97, body and marginal tapes are provided
(see Figs. 29 and 31). The upper body tapes are marked 13, and the upper
margin tapes are marked 14, which tapes all run from the roller glo, and return
over the roller g' and tightening pulleys g₁2. Under body tapes, and under margin
tapes (see Figs. 40, 41, and 44) run from the roller g10, and return over the
roller g, and operate as companions to the tapes 13. 14, and, in conjunction with
the tapes 3. 4, they form a pathway from the rollers g10 g¹¹ to the rollers 9º 97, of a
width equal to that of the sheet, which pathway may be extended in any direction
to conduct the sheets from the source of supply to the folder.
As here shown, the angular plate or creaser g³ is a separate piece held between
the stay pieces, and gradually protrudes from its inner or upper point, to its lower
or outer point (see Figs. 41, 44, 45, 46, 48 and 50). This plate g³ may be a
separate piece, thus attached, or be formed as a part of the stay pieces, or of the
said wedge like shoe piece, or of the plates G. It is preferably made as a separate
piece, and pivotted at its upper end, as in Fig. 44, and provided with a means of
adjustment, so that its protrusion may be adjusted at will.-The means shown is a
pivotted arm go, in the threaded socket of which, a screw rod engages, said rod
turning in a seat.
It will readily be seen, that as the central portion of the sheet is nipped against
the front face of the internal member of the feeding mechanism, which latter must
for this purpose have an area practically equal at least to the width of a narrow
tape or a cord, the incipient fold, which is formed by bending the sheet across the
front face, will have an extent equal to the width of the face of the internal
member of the feeding mechanism, and, as the material involved by it, must
altimately be distended outward to a point to complete the fold, it is obvious that
the plate g³ must, at the point of its greatest protrusion, be equal to half the width
of the face of the internal member of the feeding mechanism.
The internal central plates G, in addition to affording a support to the pulleys
ggg³, also perform another function of importance, which will be hereinafter
explained.
The external turners extend on opposite sides of the plates G, and, as shown in
Figs. 40 to 44, consist of curved bars or rods G¹ G³ G³.
These bars are all attached, at their upper ends, to, and made independently
adjustable upon, the shaft or rod G, which is arranged beneath and parallel with
the axis of roller g-The bars G¹ G₁ extend in planes parallel with the sides
of the plates G, but sufficiently distant therefrom to admit the passage of the paper.
The upper ends are far enough in advance of the outer edge of the front face of
the internal member of the feeding mechanism, to admit the introduction of the
paper between them and the front face of said member, and said rods, as they
descend, gradually curve rearwardly.-The bars G³ G³ have their upper ends
attached to the rod G at a considerable distance from, but in allignment with, the
upper ends of the bars G¹ G₁, so that a sheet distended in a straight line may be
fed onto them. These bars G³ G³ extend downward, rearward, and inward, and
their lower ends are distant from, but alligned with the bars G G¹ (see Figs. 40
and 41), at a point near to that at which the plates G begin to contract to form
the edge.
The bars G G are attached to the bar G midway between the bars G¹ and G³
respectively, and they descend and curve laterally and rearwardly, and terminate

page_text: in allignment with the bars G' and G³ respectively. These bars G₁ are not
essential, though preferably employed; and the bars G³ G', with or without G³,
may have their lower ends free, as shown, or be joined together, as by a common
tie bar.
The sets of bars G G G each form what is in effect a twisted guide or turner,
the upper or receiving point of which, lies parallel with the plane in which the
paper to be folded moves, as it is delivered to the folder, while the lower or
terminal ends of these guides lie in planes parallel, or nearly so, with the sides of
the plates G, the bodies of these guides being gradually curved from the one plane
to the other. Their function is to gradually turn the opposite sides of a travelling
sheet (whose central portion is nipped and held by the feeding mechanism), from
one plane to another, approximately at a right angle to the first plane, the result
of which is, that the sheet, spread straight as it leaves the rollers g g' and enters
the folder, where its centre is held, being nipped between' the tapes 3, 4, has
its opposite sides, at its leading end, gradually turned toward each other by mere
contact with the external turners or twisted guides. This turning inward of the
sides of the leading end of the sheet continues until said end arrives at the lower
ends of the external turners, at which time it will have assumed the shape shown
in the diagram Fig. 59. As soon as the rear end of the sheet passes out of the
control of the rollers 98 97, the entire sides of the sheet will be left without
internal support, but its central portion being nipped and held by the feeding
mechanism, the pressure of the external turners against the sides will operate to
at once throw the entire side portions inward, to substantially the position shown
in the diagram Fig. 59, and only require to have that part of it which is held
by the feeding mechanism distended or brought to a point to accomplish a
complete folding. This distending is accomplished by the bringing of the opposite
sides of the sheet together at the fold-laying roller g g, and will be insured and
aided by the angular plate or creaser g³, the result of which will be the relation
of its side shown in the diagram Fig. 60.
As the leading ends of the sides of the sheet are turned inward toward each
other, as just described, they will come into contact with the internal central
plates G, and will be directed downward by these plates to the fold-laying device.-
In operating at slow speeds, these plates might be dispensed with, as the opposite
sides of the sheet would come together, and serve to direct each other to the fold-
laying device, but in operating at high speeds, these plates, or some equivalent
directing device interposed between the sides of the sheet, add greatly to the
efficiency and accuracy of the folder.
For the purpose of creasing and fixing the fold thus formed, there is provided a
fold-laying device, which may consist of a pair of rollers, or of one roller and
suitable tapes.
In order that the sheet may be folded properly, it is necessary that it should be
brought to, or substantially to the condition illustrated in Fig. 59, before its
leading edge arrives at the fold-laying device, and in order to premit this, it is
necessary that the distance from the rollers g g', if these rollers are employed, to
the fold-laying device, should be at least equal to the length of the sheet operated
upon, so that the rear end of the sheet may pass out of the control of the rollers
before its leading end arrives at the fold-laying device. It is also necessary that
the fold-laying device should be arranged at, or about at right angles to the sheet-
feeding mechanism of the folder. The angle may be varied slightly,-depending
upon the width of the feeding mechanism,-but it will always be nearly a right
angle.
For the purpose of guiding the sheet to the fold-laying device, as for instance the
rollers g, g, a set of external guides, on each side of the wedge-like terminal
bottom or shoe piece of the plates G, may be employed, said guides conforming
to the angle of the sides of said terminal piece. However, as shown in the
construction now being considered, this guiding is performed by tapes 15, 16, that

page_text: run over rollers g¹³ g¹³, mounted respectively upon opposite sides of the plates G,
from which rollers these tapes pass under the fold-laying rollers gg.
These tapes operate to guide the sides of the sheet together, as it is driven
onward, and compel said sides to lap together as they pass between the rollers g g.
As the sides of the sheets are gradually brought together, that portion of the paper
before stretched over the internal member of the feeding mechanism, is distended
or bent outward horizontally through the force exerted by the lapping together of
the sides of the sheet, aided by the angular plate go, the result being that, as the
sheet enters between the rollers g g, its body is doubled on a central line, and the
sides are completely lapped together, as in Fig. 61.
The tapes 15. 16. as here arranged, run as follows:-The tapes 16 run from one
of the rollers g¹³ under the roller g, thence for a distance in contact with the
eylinder H, and return over guiding pulleys and tightening pulleys. The tapes 15
run from the other roller of the pair g¹³, under the roller g, around the cylinder H,
and return over tightening pulleys.
Both the tapes 15, 16, and their equivalent conductors, as aids to the bringing
together of the sides of the sheet and the forming of the complete fold, may be
omitted, if the pair of laying rollers g, g, shown in Fig. 40, are mounted in
nipping contact with each other. In such cases, the sides of the sheet will be
drawn towards each other by the action of the angular plate or creaser g³,
sufficiently to be properly lapped as they enter the rollers g g, the result of which
will be a perfect formation of the fold.
It will now be understood that the folding operation is accomplished as
follows:-
A sheet fed onward by the rollers or pulleys 96, 9' will be distended in a straight
line (see Fig. 54) as it is carried into the folder, in this condition entering between
the internal member of the feeding mechanism and the upper ends of the bars G¹
G² G³, or equivalent guides, the central portion remaining in the embrace of the
tapes 3, 4, forming the two members of the feeding mechanism. As these tapes act
to carry the sheet downward, it follows that while said central portion is compelled
to travel directly forward in a determined path, those portions of the sheet that
project laterally from said central portion, that is, the free opposite sides of the sheet,
will be acted upon by the rods G¹ G G³, and be guided by said rods, the result
of which will be, since the sides are unsupported, that the leading edge of the
sides of the sheet will be gradually turned inward, or towards each other, in which
turning, they will assume approximately the various positions indicated by the
diagrams, Figs. 55 to 61 inclusive. The leading edge of the sheet is thus gradually
turned from a single plane until its sides occupy parallel planes at right angles to
that occupied by its central part, as shown in Fig. 59. This is the condition which
the leading edge of the sheet will have assumed as it reaches the lower ends of the
turners G G G³, at which time the sides of the leading edge will rest against the
plates G, while the central portion will be held between the members of the feeding
mechanism.
The parts of the folder will preferably be so proportioned, that when the leading
edge of the sheet has arrived in this position, its rear edge will still be in the
control of the rollers g g', and will consequently remain distended in a straight
line. This will cause the sides of the front edge, as they are turned inward, as
just stated, to lie in an oblique position along the sides of the plates G, and not
parallel with the fold-laying rollers g g.-At or about the time, however, that the
leading edge of the sheet has been turned inward, so as to assume the position
indicated in Fig. 59, its rear edge will pass out of the control of the rollers gº g',
and as soon as this takes place, the pressure of the turners G1 G2 G³, the sides of
the sheet being then without internal support, will throw the entire sides of the
sheet inward, against, or nearly against, the plates G, thus causing them to assume
approximately the position indicated in Fig. 59, and at the same time bringing the
leading edge of the sheet into a position parallel with the fold-laying rollers g.

page_text: As the sheet descends further, the tapes 15 16, or equivalent devices, will cause
its sides to be brought together, or lapped into contact as the rollers g g are
reached, and during this gradual guiding or lapping of said sides of the sheet, its
central portion that unites the two side portions at right angles thereto, will be
gradually bent outward by the distending action exerted in bringing the sides?
together, or in passing over the angular plate gs, so that the central portion will, as
it reaches the rollers g g, be distended, and lapped flat, and form parallel continua-
tions of the sides of the sheet, having passed through gradual stages of distending
or lapping, represented by the diagrams Figs. 60 and 61.
As all portions of the sheet that have passed the bars G¹ G¹ thus lie parallel with
the sides of the plate G, it is obvious that said bars may be extended towards, and
even beyond the feeding mechanism, by fixed plates or shields G³ Go, shown in the
modified construction illustrated by Figs. 46 and 47.
It is not essential that the bars G G G should extend down to the point where
the contraction of the plates G begins. Figs. 46 and 47 illustrate this, and show
a practical form of folder, in which said bars are relatively quite short.-Between
the bars G G and the bars G³ G³, there may be as many intermediates or associates
as practice may determine to be advantageous; when these bars have free bottom
ends, they can have a construction formed by a large base and gradual taper;
whereby a stiffness suitable to retain them in place may be had.
The external turners or bars may be made to conform with the contracted portion
of the plates G, and thus extend nearly down to its point, as is shown in Figs. 46
and 47, and thus provide a substitute guiding device that may be used instead of
tapes 15 16.
It has been said that the external turners might be formed by twisted plates:
This is shown in the modified folder illustrated in Figs. 48 and 49, where
plates G G are used, and which plates provide edges and bodies that are
equivalent in function and operation to the bars G¹ G* G³.
These plates may have depending portions, as G7, that follow the contracted
portion of the plates O, and, if desired, may have extension from the edges that
follow the sides of the plates G, similar to the plates G.
In order to narrow the nipping portion of the feeding mechanism, and thus
bring the sides of the sheet closer together in the formation of the incipient fold,
a cord may be used in place of the tape 4, in which case the pulleys g₁ g³ g³ will be
correspondingly narrow, as in Figs. 51, 52, 53. The pulleys 98 9³ may be con-
structed so as to provide flanges that overlap the internal member of the feeding
mechanism, as is shown in Figs. 50, 51, 52, and such flanged pulleys may be used,
whether the pulleys g¹ g² g³ carry a tape or cord 4, or even if the internal member
consists of a bar or rod, or of pulleys connected by guides, but unprovided with a
tape or cord.
The flanges of these pulleys 98 g co-act with the internal member of the feeding
mechanism and the external turner to secure the incipient fold, in like manner as
do the plates G³.
From the foregoing, it will be seen, that the function of the sheet feeding
mechanism, represented by the tapes 3, 4, and pulleys g¹ g g³ and g³ g³ is simply
to advance the sheet, and hold and support its central portion or fold line while its
sides are acted upon and turned inward by the external turners, and that the
function of the plates G is simply to support the internal member of the feeding
mechanism, and afford a guide upon the inside of the sides of the sheet to direct
them to the fold-laying device, after they have been turned inward into parallel,
or substantially parallel positions.
This being the case, it is apparent that the construction of those parts may be
varied considerably without departing from the invention. For example, a single
plate, or one or more rods or bars, may be used in place of the two plates G, to
separate the sides of the sheet, and direct them to the fold-laying device, other
suitable means being provided for supporting the internal member of the feeding
mechanism. So, also, as before stated, the means for supporting and advancing

page_text: the sheet may consist of two tapes or cords passing around suitable pulleys, or of
one tape or cord and one or more pulleys, or a stationary bar or rod, or of a bar
or rod and one or more driven pulleys, or of two sets of pulleys, one or both of
which are driven, or in fact it may consist of any suitable devices for performing
this function.
The construction and arrangement of the feeding mechanism, and the plates G,
which are shown, is that which is regarded as the best, and it has therefore been
selected for illustration.
In the production of ordinary newspapers, and particularly where they are to be
delivered to carriers or newsdealers, it is desirable that they should be delivered
from the printing machine in such manner that they can be readily separated into
lots containing any desired number without the necessity of counting.--This result
has heretofore been attained in a variety of ways. Sometimes it has been effected
by printing an indicating mark upon certain sheets of the series, and sometimes by
shifting, at regular intervals, the position of the piling table or other surface upon
which the papers were laid as they passed from the machine, so that the irregu-
larities which resulted from this shifting of the piling table marked regular
divisions in the pile, and thus made it possible to separate the papers into lots
containing the desired number without the necessity of counting.
This part of the invention relates to mechanism by which the counting of the
papers is effected by irregularities in the piling, without the necessity of shifting
the position of the piling table or other surface upon which the papers are
deposited.
This mechanism may be successfully employed in connection with any, or almost
any of the ordinary forms of sheet laying or piling mechanisms in which the sheets
are deposited upon a slow moving apron or tapes, to be conveyed away from the
machine, but is more especially adapted for use in connection with those mechanisms
in which the piling is effected by means of a revolving cylinder or carrier.
form of piling mechanism has been selected for the purpose of illustrating the
construction and application of this part of the invention.
T'his
The construction and operation of the mechanism embodying this part of the
invention are so simple, that they will be readily understood by those familiar
with the art, without further preliminary description.
The sheets, as they emerge from the folding mechanism, are conducted onto the
carrier H by any suitable means, as, for example, by two series of tapes 6 and 7,
arranged as shewn in Figs. 66 and 67, or as shewn and described with reference to
the general views of the machine.
The gripper cylinder or carrier H, as illustrated, is of a circumference equal to
the length of three sheets, including the working spaces between them, and is
provided with three sets of sheet-holding grippers h, which are operated at the
proper times to grasp and release the sheets by means of rock arms h¹, which are
acted upon by a stationary cam h. The carrier may, however, be of a greater or
less size, and provided with a proportionately greater or less number of sets of
grippers, or other sheet retaining devices.
The carrier may be in the form of a cylinder, as shewn in Figs. 1. 2 and 64 to 6S,
but will preferably be composed of a number of narrow sections or pulleys mounted
a short distance from each other upon the carrier shaft.
The grippers h may, as shown in the present case, be slightly thickened at their
outer ende, so as to press the successively delivered sheets away from the carrier,
and prevent the rear end of the last sheet delivered from fouling with the forward
end of the next or incoming sheet. The same result may be effected by means of
projections formed upon the carrier.
The receiving travelling tapes or apron 5 may receive motion in any convenient
manner, but will preferably be driven from the shaft of the carrier H.-For this
purpose, in the construction shown in Figs. 62 and 63, the shaft of the carrier is
provided with a bevil wheel h³, which engages with a similar wheel mounted upon
the upper end of a vertical shaft h', which is mounted in suitable bearings secured

page_text: to the framework, and is provided at its lower end with a worm h³, which engages
with a worm wheel he mounted upon the shaft which carries the driving pulleys k
of the tapes or apron 5.-The worm wheel 6 will be of such size with relation to
the pulleys, that the tapes 5 will receive the proper motion to keep the pile of
sheets sufficiently removed from the carrier to prevent them from unduly crowding
against its surface.
.
In order to arrest the sheets, and cause them to fall onto the tapes 5, after they
are released by the grippers h, a series of arms or stops are provided, which
extend upward between the tapes 5, with their ends lying in the spaces between
the sections or pulleys composing the carrier.
The operation of the mechanism thus far described is as follows:-The parts will
be so timed, that as the leading ends of the successive sheets are brought onto the
Burface of the carrier by the tapes 6, 7, or otherwise, they will be taken by the
grippers h, and carried around upon the surface of the carrier, until just before
their leading ends arrive at the stops *, when they will be released by the
grippers, and arrested by the stops, and allowed to fall onto the moving tapes 5.
To effect the movement of the stops, the shaft k upon which they are mounted
is made capable of rocking in its bearings in the framework and is provided with
an arm ko, which extends upward and rearward, with its end lying just inside, and
near the face of the worm wheel h.-This worm wheel is provided upon its inner
face with a number of studs (four, as shewn in the present case), which are
arranged at equal distances from each other around its face, and in such position
that, as the gear revolves, they will engage with a projection formed on the end of
the arm ko, and thereby, at each quarter revolution of the worm wheel, rock the
shaft, and move the stops k forward, as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 63.
The rearward movement of the stops is limited by some suitable means, as by
a stud, which projects inward from the frame of the machine, and engages an
arm 7, extending from the shaft, and this shaft, or some one of its arms, is
provided with a suitable spring, the tendency of which is to hold the arm ko
against the stud, and the stops in their rearmost position.
The operation of the mechanism just described is as follows:-As the carrier
revolves, and the successive sheets are released by the grippers h, and arrested by
the stops, and deposited upon the tapes 5, as before explained, the worin 5 will
turn the worm wheel ho, so as to move the tapes slowly forward.-At the same
time, however, one of the studs will engage with the projection upon the end of
the lever, so as to rock the shaft k, and cause the stops to move forward, at a
speed about equal to, or slightly in excess of that of the tapes, so that the sheets,
instead of being overlapped or shingled, will be piled directly one above another
against the stops.-This will continue until the worm wheel ho has completed one-
fourth of a revolution, and the stops k have reached the position indicated by
dotted lines in Figs. 63, when the stud will pass out of engagement with the
projection on the lever ko, and the spring will rock the shaft ks, so as to quickly
throw the stops back to their original position, as shown by full lines in
Fig. 63. This will permit the next and succeeding sheets to be carried considerably
to the rear of the sheets before deposited, before they are arrested by the stops, so
as to leave the one lot projecting considerably beyond the other.-Immediately, or
soon after the stops have been returned to their rearmost position, as just stated,
the next one of the studs will come into engagement with the projection of the
arm ko, and commence to again move the stops k forward, and so the operation
will continue to be repeated; each vibration of the stops producing an irregularity
in the pile of sheets upon the tapes, which will enable the pile to be readily
divided into equal lots, as shown in Fig. 69.
As here shown, the worm wheel he is of such size, and is provided with such a
number of studs, that the stops k' will make one vibration for each eighteen sheets
deposited upon the tapes, but this of course is not material, as the parts may
readily be so proportioned that any desired number of sheets will be deposited
between two movements of the stops.

page_text: It has been found in practice, that after the stops have been moved forward,
as just described, so as to leave a lot of the sheets last deposited in position one
directly above another, and have them passed back to their rearmost position, the
grippers, as they arrive in position to release the next sheet, or the current of air
set in motion by the revolution of the carrier, will sometimes act upon the sheet
last deposited, which is the upper one of the lot, so as to drag it back toward the
stops, and thus, to some extent, destroy the effect produced by the movement of
the stops. This has not, however, proved a serious obstacle to the successful
operation of the invention, but if desired it may be obviated by providing means
by which the sheets left by the stops may be held in their forward position until
after the next sheet has been released by the grippers and carried against the
stops. To effect this, the apparatus may be provided with two or more retaining
fingers, which are mounted upon a rock shaft ke, and are provided with hooked
ends which extend rearward and lie in such position as to engage with and retain
all of the sheets left by the stops -The shaft k is provided with a light spring
or springs, the tendency of which is to rock the shaft so as to hold the fingers in a
raised position, as shown in Fig. 63, while the fingers are so located upon the
shaft as to come into contact with, and be depressed by the grippers h, as the
latter are carried around by the carrier. The section of the grippers may be
depended upon to keep the fingers 48 sufficiently pressed away from the carrier, as
will be presently explained, or they may be provided with means by which they
will be positively lowered away from the carrier, after one or more sheets have
been carried in above them. To effect this, the shaft k³, upon which the fingers aro
mounted, is provided with a rearwardly extending arm 10, the end of which lies
just outside the face of the worm wheel h6, and this wheel is provided upon its
outer face with a number of studs (corresponding to the studs on its inner face),
which are so arranged as to engage with a projection upon the end of the arm klo,
and depress said arm so as to rock the shaft k and lower the fingers shortly
after the arm has been released from the corresponding one of the studs.
The operation of this part of the apparatus is as follows:-As the stops k* are
moved forward as already described, one of the studs will engage with the pro-
jection of the arm k¹º, and press said arm downward, so as to rock the shaft k
and lower the fingers k away from the carrier, and this will continue until just
before the projection is released from engagement with the stud on the inner face
of the worm wheel, when the stud on the outer face will pass out of engagement
with the projection on the arm ko, and the springs will throw the hooked ends of
the fingers ke upward into position to retain the sheets which are in front of the
stops k. As soon as the projection on the arm 46 is released from the stud on the
inner face of the worm wheel, the spring will throw the stops k back to the drawn
position shown in Fig. 63, so that the next sheet will be carried in above the
fingers and arrested by the stops, the grippers h acting to depress the fingers k
sufficiently to permit this. After one or two sheets have been thus carried in
above the fingers, the next one of the studs on the face of the worm wheel will
come into engagement with the projection on the arm 10, so as to depress that
arm and lower the fingers ke away from the carrier, and at or about the same time
the next one of the studs on the inner face of the wheel will come into engagement
with the projection on the arm ke, and commence to again move the stops
forward, and so the operation will continue to be repeated.
It will of course be seen that the means employed for moving certain of the
sheets, so as to mark the regular divisions in the pile, may be varied considerably
without departing from, or losing the advantages of the invention.
Three modifications which may be made in these devices, are illustrated in
Figs. 64 to 68 inclusive.
In the organization shown in Figs. 64 and 65, the worm wheel ho, which drives
the tapes 5, instead of being mounted upon the shaft which carries the driving
pulleys, is mounted upon a transverse shaft, which is provided just inside the
worm wheel h³ with a spur wheel **, which engages with a spur wheel k²* mounted

page_text: upon the shaft of the pullies k³.-This of course makes it necessary that the
worm ho should be reversed, in order to cause the tapes 5 to move in the proper
direction. The studs, of which there are three, instead of being upon the face of
the worm wheel, are upon a disc secured to the face of the spur wheel ho*.
The upper ends of the stops or arms are provided with pivotted fingers /¹¹,
which are arranged so as to be capable of turning downward to a considerable
extent, but are limited in their upward movement by means of shoulders formed
upon the rear side of the arms -The arms are provided upon their forward
sides with light springs, the tendency of which is to hold the fingers k¹¹ in their
raised position, as indicated in Fig. 65.
The operation of this apparatus is as follows;-The parts will be so timed, that
the forward movement of the arms and fingers ¹¹ will be slightly faster than
that of the tapes 5.-After several sheets have been deposited, the arms * and
fingers will commence to move forward, the fingers k lying, as shown, in
circumferential grooves formed in the cylinder H, or between the sections of the
carrier. As the fingers k" move forward, the successive sheets, as they are released
by the grippers, will be arrested by the fingers, and piled upon the tapes, one
directly above another, and this will continue, the fingers arresting all of the sheets
until the arms have been thrown sufficiently far forward to carry the fingers /
outside the periphery of the cylinder. At the time this takes place, the stud,
which is acting upon the arm k will come into engagement with the cam portion
of said arm, so as to throw the fingers k¹¹ rapidly forward for a short distance, and
carry them quickly outward beyond the periphery of the cylinder, so that the next
sheet, as it is brought around by the grippers h, will have ample room to be carried
in above the fingers k¹-After this, the fingers will continue to move forward
with the sheets and the tapes 5, until they reach the limit of their forward move-
ment, as indicated by dotted lines in figure 65, the incoming sheets in the meantime
being carried rearward.-In order to arrest the sheets which are carried rearward
above the fingers kll, as just described, there are provided a series of stationary
fingers ke, which are secured to a transverse shaft ko, and are arranged to extend
rearward and upward with their ends lying in the grooves of the carrier by the
sides of the fingers k¹¹.
As soon as the arm k is released from the stud on the disc, its spring will
immediately. rock the shaft, so as to bring the arm k and fingers back to
their rearmost position, as shown by full lines in figure 65.-As the arms are
carried back to this position, their springs will yield so as to permit the fingers /¹
to pass under the sheets which have accumulated above them, and so the operation
will continue to be repeated, the divisions in the pile of sheets passing forward on
the tapes 5, being indicated in substantially the manner illustrated in figure 70,
which is the same as illustrated in figure 69, except that in the first case all of the
sheets of each lot are piled one directly above another, while in this, only a portion
of the sheets of each lot are so piled.
In the arrangement just described, the retaining fingers are of course dispensed
with, as the fingers k¹¹ perform substantially the same function, and conseqntly
render retaining fingers unnecessary in this case. As shown in the drawings, the
parts are so proportioned that the arms and fingers ¹¹ will make one vibration
to each twenty-four sheets deposited upon the tapes, and consequently will indicate
divisions containing twenty-four sheets each; this, however, is not material, as the
parts may be so proportioned that the arms k¹ will vibrate more or less frequently,
as may be desired.
In the arrangement shown in figures 66 and 67, the tapes 5, instead of being
driven by a worm and worm-wheel, are driven as follows:-The shaft of the
carrier is provided with a pinion h³, which engages with a larger spur wheel which
is mounted upon a stud axle extending from the framework, and has secured to
its face a pinion h³, which engages with the spur wheel ho on the shaft of the
pulleys.

page_text: In this case also, the stops are arranged in the same manner as in figures 62
and 63, but instead of being moved slowly forward as the sheets are being deposited
in front of them, and then quickly rearward, are caused to remain stationary while
the sheets are being deposited upon the tapes, and then, after the proper number of
sheets have been deposited, move quickly forward at a speed greater than that of
the tapes, so as to move a portion of the sheets along on the tapes, and into position
one directly above another, and thus mark the divisions in the pile.
To effect this, the face of the intermediate spur wheel is provided with a single
stud *, which is arranged to engage with the arm ko at each rotation of the spur
wheel, but the arm 6 is so arranged in this case, that instead of remaining in
contact with the stud hx for a-considerable time, it will remain in engagement
with the stud for but a short time, and thus make the movement of the stops k
comparatively quick.
As shown in figures 66 and 67, the parts are so proportioned that the stops ¹
will be removed forward as every twelfth sheet is deposited upon the tapes, thereby
dividing the pile into lots of twelve sheets each. This number has been selected
merely for the purpose of illustration, as it is of course apparent that the parts
may be so proportioned that the pile will be divided into lots containing any
desired number.
It will also be observed, that the stud h** on the spur wheel, and the grippers h,
are so positioned with relation to each other, that the stud will come into contact
with the arm ke just after a sheet has been released from one set of the grippers,
and will pass out of contact with the arm k, so that the stops k may be restored
to their normal position before the next succeeding set of grippers will arrive in
position to release the sheet carried by them.
The operation of this arrangement is as follows;-The sheets will continue to be
deposited upon the tapes 5 in front of the stops *, and will be carried slowly
forward on the tapes, so as to be overlapped or shingled, as described, until twolve
have been deposited.-Just after the twelfth sheet has been deposited, the stud h**
on the spur wheel will come into engagement with the arm k, and rock the
shaft ko, so as to throw the stops quickly forward to the position shown by
dotted lines in figure 67, and thus move several of the sheets last deposited forward
along the tapes, so as to bring them into position one above another, as shown in
figure 70. Before the thirteenth sheet has arrived in position to be released from
the grippers, however, the arm k will have been released from the stud h³×, and
its spring will have restored the stops to their normal position, so that the
thirteenth sheet will be carried some distance to the rear of the twelfth, and thus
mark a division in the pile.
The mechanism, when thus organized, may, if desired, or found necessary, be
provided with the retarding fingers k, and these fingers may be provided with
means by which they will be positively lowered away from the carrier after one or
more sheets have been carried in above them, as already described, or the springs
may be made so light that the fingers 8 will do no harm, if allowed to press
continuously against the sheets.
The mechanism shown in figure 68 is the same as that already described in
connection with figures 66 and 67, except that only one of the stops ke is vibrated,
the remainder of the stops being rigidly mounted upon a transverse shaft.-The
operation of the apparatus, when thus constructed, is exactly the same as in
figures 65 and 67, except that the sheets which are moved forward by the stop c
will be skewed as indicated in figure 71.—In this case, only one of the retaining
fingers les, if these fingers are used, will be necessary, as only one edge of the sheets
will be operated upon by the single stop k; which is vibrated in this case.
These arrangements for receiving the folded sheets are equally applicable to
other forms of sheet-laying mechanism, such, for example, as the rotary fly shown
and described with reference to figures 2 and 5.
It will also be seen that the mechanism for moving the arms or stops may be
varied greatly. In some cases, the stops or arms, instead of being mounted upon

page_text: a rock-shaft, so as to vibrate, may be made to reciprocate or move forward and
back ward in a straight line, or they may be given a forward and backward and
rising and falling motion, similar to the motion given to the feed bar of an
ordinary sewing machine.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondents, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. A machine for receiving a printed web of paper from a printing machine,
making up said web into different sized products, and delivering the same with
one or more packing folds in piles, or in regulated quantities, as desired, such
machine consisting of a combination of:-
(a) A web-slitting mechanism or mechanisms C and D, for dividing the
printed web into two or more webs longitudinally as it leaves the printing
machine, or during its manipulation in the delivering machine;
(b) A web turning mechanism C C for turning the two printed webs at right
angles to their previous path, either for passing the webs singly to a longitudinal
folder, or for the purpose of associating the webs prior to their being folded
together longitudinally;
(c) A longitudinal folder D for giving a longitudinal fold to a single web, to
form, when cut transversely a four-page product, or to the associated webs, so as to
form, when similarly cut, an eight page product;
(d.) A transverse cutting and folding mechanism F and E, for cutting the folded
web transversely to obtain the four or eight page product above mentioned, and
for giving thereto a transverse packing fold, or it may be an additional fold to
double the product; and
(e.) A gripper cylinder H or a rotary fly I for receiving the product, and
delivering the same on to a table or a travelling apron or equivalent receiver;
Or (f) A second longitudinal folder G, to give to the folded product an
additional packing or other fold; and
(g.) A counting mechanism as H or I, and K, whereby the folded product is
delivered on to a travelling apron or its equivalent, in parcels containing a specified
number, with or without the additional packing fold, all substantially as herein
described and shewn with reference to Figures 1 to 6 of the drawings.
2. The combination with a turning bar, of a curved directing guide or guides c,
substantially as described and shewn with reference to Figures 7 to 24 of the
drawings.
3. The combination with a turning bar provided with conductors for carrying
the leading end of a web to, over, and from said bar, of a curved directing guide or
guides c, substantially as described.
4. The combination with turning bars and the roll C³, arranged to reverse a
web, of the curved directing guides c c, and suitable conductors for carrying the
web through the reversing apparatus, substantially as described, and shewn with
reference to Figures 13 to 24 of the drawings.
5. The combination with the turning bars C C¹, having the curved guides c, of
the upper tapes or conductors 2, and guides c¹º, the moving conductors 9 passing
under said bars, and the stationary guides cl arranged to co-operate with the
tapes or conductors 9, substantially as described.
6.-A longitudinal folder consisting of an internal guide, having converging
guiding edges or surfaces which do not meet, external turners set a distance apart,
and a fold-laying device, substantially as described.
7. A longitudinal folder, consisting of an internal guide having converging
guiding edges or surfaces that do not meet, and a guiding surface, as do, connecting
the same, external turners, and a fold-laying device, substantially as described.
8. In a longitudinal folder, the combination with external turners set a distance
apart, and by which the major portions of the sides of the material, considered
widthwise, are brought into and supported in parallel positions, but not in contact,

page_text: of a cross support, as de, between said turners, for the central portion of the
material, and a fold-laying device for distending the central portion of the
material, and bringing the sides into contact to complete the folding, substantially
as described.
9. The combination with external turners set a distance apart, of a fold-laying
device and a fold-creasing device, substantially as described.
10. The combination with an internal guide, having converging guiding surfaces
or edges, and a guiding surface or edge, as do, connecting the same, of external
turuers, a fold-laying device, and a fold-creasing device, substantially as described.
11. The combination with a longitudinal folder, consisting of an internal guide,
external turners, and a fold-laying device, of a spring seated fold-creasing device,
substantially as described.
12. The combination with the internal guide, having the converging guiding
surfaces or edges d' d³, and external turners set a distance apart, of one or more
tapes, as 9, 10, 11, and 12, substantially as described.
13. The combination with the internal guide having the converging guiding
surfaces or edges d' d³, and external turners set a distance apart, of the slitter D*,
substantially as described.
14. The combination with external turners, of an internal guide having a raised
surface or its equivalent, raised tapes, substantially as described.
15. The construction of the longitudinal folding mechanism D, consisting of the
plate D, with diagonally turned down ends d', the connecting plate de, extension
piece d³, folding rollers d. d and d' d³, all combined, arranged, and operating,
substantially as herein shown and described.
16. In a longitudinal folder, the combination with a sheet-carrying or feeding
mechanism, such as the tapes 3 and 4, arranged to act upon the central portion
or fold line of the sheet, to support and advance the same, of external turners
arranged to act upon the unsupported sides of the sheet, to direct them inward
toward each other, an internal central plate or guide arranged to direct the leading
ends of the sides of the sheet after they have been turned toward each other, with
or without a projecting plate or creaser g³, for aiding in distending the central
portion of the sheet, and a fold-laying device, all substantially as described.
17. The combination with sheet-feeding mechanism, as the tapes 13. 14, for
advancing the sheet to the folding mechanism, of the tapes or cords 3. 4, passing
over suitable pulleys, and arranged to grasp or bite upon the central portion or
fold line of the sheet, to support and advance the same, the external turners
arranged to act upon the unsupported sides of the sheet, to direct them inward
toward each other, and an internal central plate or guide arranged to direct the
leading ends of the sides of the sheet after they have been turned toward each
other, all substantially as described.
18. In a longitudinal folder, the combination with a sheet-carrying or feeding
mechanism, arranged to act upon the central portion or fold line of the sheet to
support and advance the same, of external turners consisting of fixed or inde-
pendently adjustable bars, all substantially as described.
19. In a longitudinal folder, the combination with a sheet-carrying or feeding
mechanism, consisting of the tapes or cords 3. 4, which are arranged to grasp or
bite upon the central portion or fold line of the sheet, to support and advance
the same, of the pulleys 98 99, mounted in arms, and external turners which are
arranged to act upon the unsupported sides of the sheet, to turn them inward
toward each other, all substantially as described.
20. In a longitudinal folder, the combination with a sheet-carrying or feeding
mechanisin, arranged to act upon the central portion or fold line of the sheet, to
support and advance the same, of external turners arranged to act upon the
unsupported sides of the sheet, to direct them inward toward each other, an
internal central plate or guide arranged to direct the leading ends of the sides of the
sheet after they have been turned toward each other, and external guides arranged

page_text: to direct the sides of the sheet together to complete the folding, all substantially as
described.
21. The construction of the longitudinal folding mechanism G, consisting of the
parallel plates G, suitably connected together, and having converging ends, the
creasing blade go, the turning bars G' G G³, or their equivalent, all combined and
arranged substantially as herein shown and described, whereby a thick and stiff
product may receive a longitudinal fold as set forth.
22. The combination with a sheet-laying or piling mechanism, and a moving
carrier, as the tapes or apron 5, for removing the pile of sheets therefrom, of one
or more moving stops or arms, as k, all substantially as described.
23. The combination with a sheet-laying or piling mechanism and a moving
carrier, as the tapes or apron 5, for removing the pile of sheets therefrom, of one or
more moving stops or arms, as k, and one or more retaining fingers, as le³, all
substantially as described.
24. The combination with a sheet-laying mechanism and a moving carrier, as the
tapes or apron 5, for removing the pile of sheets therefrom, of the arms or stops k*,
means for causing said stops to move forward with the tapes or apron while a
number of sheets are being laid, and then quickly backward, with or without one
or more retaining fingers, as k³, and means for moving said fingers downward at
the proper time, all substantially as described.
25. The construction of the counting mechanism, consisting of a gripper
cylinder H, or rotary fly I, a vibrating stop ke actuated by a pin disc ho, or
equivalent means, with or without a second stop k³, and a travelling apron or
tapes 5, all combined, arranged, and operating substantially as herein shewn and
described, and for the purpose set forth.