Improvements in or relating to the Manufacture of Boots and Shoes.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Aug., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 5th May, 1893-Accepted, 12th Aug., 1898
Improvements in or relating to the Manufacture of Boots and Shoes.
A communication from PIERRE AUGUSTE DENIS PROST, and ANATOLE GODARD,
of 14, Cite Delassale, Villeurbanne-Lyon, (Rhone), in the Republic of
France, Manufacturers.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, of 111, Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
This invention relates to a new quick and cheap manufacture of boots and
shoes based on the use of pieces obtained by cutting out and stamping, with guides
and a last having guide holes corresponding to those of the stamped out pieces
constituting the boot; these parts may be of leather, cloth or any other suitable
fabric capable of replacing leather. The attachment of the upper is effected
by means of special devices and the sole is nailed on to the upper by means of
an automatic nailing device. All these operations enable boots and shoes to be
manufactured very quickly, efficiently and cheaply.
The various separate parts constituting the boot having been stamped out, they
must retain after stamping the shape given to them by the stamp; it is necessary
for this purpose to prepare the leather or the material used in a special way.
In the process according to the present invention the following materials are
used, which are subjected to the treatment hereinafter described.
I. Ordinary leather which is used for the soles after. it has been previously
caused to absorb when hot a mixture of equal parts of fat and resin, or, also when
heated, of resin and linseed-oil.
II. Hides cleaned and softened and dipped in glue taken when they are soft
and flexible and treated according to the present invention, (1st) with sodium
chloride and sulphuric acid, (2nd) with solutions of steoric or oleic acid as well
as with resinous solutions, (3rd) with salts of iron or bichromate of potash; then
after they have been tanned by either one of these processses, they are caused to
absorb a mixture of fat and resin.
III. Hemp and other felted textile material prepared as follows;-1st. First
plates or pieces of hemp are dipped into a hot bath of resinous aluminous soap
then pressed between two plates provided with striated points, which cause the
hemp to become more crossed, then between two smooth plates, and then dipped
into siccative linseed oil. 2nd. The hemp plates are dipped into a bath of or
treated with collodion containing siccative linseed-oil, pressed and left to dry.
3rd. The hemp or other textile is treated, before being felted by nitric and sul-
phuric acids, then after having been washed and dried, it is immersed in methyl-
alcohol or ether, and compressed. 4th. The plates of hemp, linen, cotton etc.
are treated with sulphuric acid in a similar manner to that employed in making
vegetable parchment 5th. The plates are treated with copper-ammonium.
Cheap plates may be obtained by felting hair which is impregnated with oil
and collodion. Felts and commercial felt fabrics may also be used after having

page_text: coated them with collodion or a mixture of silk or the like dissolved in copper-
amnionjum.
IV. For the inner soles suitable fabrics may be successfully used sized with
an impermeable material and superposed to attain the desired thickness, and for
the sole-lining a fabric with a metallic core or with a warp and weft, with metallic
cores, which is covered with an adhesive substance to prevent said inner sole
from getting spoiled and creased under foot.
V. For the upper leather is replaced with great advantage by prepared fabrics
varnished and rendered impermeable by any well-known process.
VI. For the heels card-board paste or pulp is used prepared as follows:-
Sized or unsized paste is cast into a form larger than that in which the heel is
to be made, so that in spite of the paste contracting in drying it will still be
necessary to force the heel into the mould. The paste is sized and dyed as
desired before being placed into the mould. The heel is rendered impermeable
by dipping it into a bath of wax and resin.
The material for the different parts thus prepared is ready to be cut up and
stamped.
The method of forming the different parts constituting a boot is as follows:-
On an ordinary last provided under the sole with conical holes forming guide
holes and receiving the nails employed during lasting is placed the inner sole
say of good thin leather of uniform thickness, which is fixed by nails enter-
ing the guide holes of the last, this inner sole whether for nailed,
screwed or sewn boots is carefully cut and finished on the last. After the insole
is made to fit the last exactly it is caused to absorb when hot a melted fat or waxy
substance in order to enable it to retain its shape and to render it impermeable.
When the sole has become cold a plaster cast is taken of its outer surface it is then
removed from the last placed in the plaster mould so obtained and a plaster cast
is taken of the other surface of the inner sole. These two casts or moulds thus
obtained are used for casting similar ones in metal so as to form lower and upper
dies for stamping. The inner sole is then replaced on the last as before and the
upper with its stiffener is applied the latter being well reduced in thickness at
the edges then the upper is slightly fixed and its edges cut and adjusted so as
to avoid creases; then a filling piece consisting of a piece of leather is applied
by fixing it on the inner sole in the same manner as the latter has been fixed
on the last, the filling is then cut out and adjusted to exactly fit the last then a
cast of it is taken in a similar manner to that of the inner sole.
To form the sole the procedure is the same as for the filling piece only care
must be taken to use very thin leather and of uniform thickness so as to enable
soles of any thickness to be stamped out. Instead of having guide holes through-
out the whole length the sole may be provided with a single hole at the place
where the heel comes, which will be sufficient to enable the proper position of
the sole to be found.
In order to form the mould for the heel the back portion of the last on which
the sole has been replaced is surrounded with a piece of greased cardboard, plaster
is cast into the hollow thus obtained so as to obtain a mould having the shape
of this portion of the sole it is rendered impermeable and a hollow mould is
taken of the mould obtained; from these two moulds similar metal moulds can
be cast.
The stamps and dies for the different parts of the boot having been obtained,
the pieces of material are cut out and stamped by means of these tools to the
desired dimensions and shapes said parts receiving also the guide holes or pins
corresponding to those of the part of the last on which said parts are to be placed.
The parts thus finished are fitted and nailed by means of special apparatus herein-
after described in a rapid and economical manner.
As the metal stamps and dies undergo a certain amount of contraction it is
necessary to take a larger last than that of the number of the boot to be made.
The moulds having been obtained by means of said last the base of the latter

page_text: is moulded in order to obtain a cast-iron die in which are stamped out sheet-
metal soles obtained to cover the lasts on which the work is done. As the lasts
are made on a reproducing lathe and their iron covers moulded in the same way
as the stamps and dies it will be possible to obtain a perfect and uniform con-
struction of boots. It must be pointed out that in order to obtain stampings
without burr or unevenness it is advisable to tin or plate the edges of the stamps
and dies.
In order to construct the upper four pieces together exactly forming its. shape
are used. To obtain moulds for these pieces. a plaster-cast is taken of the form
of the boot, the upper having been fitted, the plaster is cut to shape and then
cut into four pieces which will be used as patterns for making cast-iron moulds.
The cutters for the soles are obtained by wetting thin leather which is slightly
stamped in the die, the leather projecting between the punch and the die is cut
off and the piece taken out from the die and spread out flat in order to trace the
template of the cutter.
In order to form the edges of the soles quite straight the cutters are made
concentric to the punch then the leather is clamped between the die and the
punch and during the time that the sole is clamped its edges are cut by the
cutter.
In order to obtain cutters for the parts constituting the upper, the latter is
taken off the last, unsewn and all its parts spread out flat to obtain the templates
for the different parts.
When cutters for all parts of the boot have been obtained they are used for
cutting out upper soles and heels on which guide holes or projections are stamped
out by means of presses punches and dies.
In carrying out the invention on a table or base plate are mounted four up-
right parts rotatable or hinged about pins supported in bearings secured to the
table. The uprights are formed so as to fit exactly the shape of the upper.
The latter is first fixed to the last by means of a few tacks then the uprights are
brought against the upper and when they have once been tightened by their
screws they lay the edges of the upper sufficiently to enable a punch or presser
to fold said edges on to the inner sole the latter being coated with glue at its
edges. The presser is preferably heated so that the edges of the upper become
cemented on to the insole. The parts are thus rapidly fitted together and are
perfectly water-tight.
The table is provided with an opening to allow the passage of large boot legs.
In fitting up the upper the last is surrounded by a yoke frame consisting of
two parts the upper one of which is movable or pivotted about the other part
forming the yoke. The last is securely fixed in this yoke by means of screws.
The upper part is provided with two screw-threaded portions into which are
screwed screws or sockets which are perforated and screw-threaded inside for
receiving the clamping screws. The upper having been placed in the last cords
are passed through holes formed for the purpose in the edges of the upper, the
end of said cords being screwed and tightened by the clamping screw, the edges
of the upper being thus laid down and it remains only to nail them on which
operation is performed according to the present invention by an automatic nailing
device hereinafter described.
In forming the press for stamping out the soles a punch is fixed on a swallow
tail support which is securely fixed in the table of the press by means of keys
and a pin to prevent the support from moving laterally.
The die is secured to the table within which is a screw terminating at the top
in a rectangular plate in which are secured the needles for making the guide-
holes in the soles. The screw is operated by means of bevel-gearing by means
of a hand-wheel.
The working of the press is very simple. When the punch is brought down
on the sole to be stamped the handwheel is turned the screw being prevented
from rotating moves upward in a straight line the needles enter the sole and

page_text: form the guide holes, then the punch is raised and the needles raise the die where-
upon the sole can be easily removed.
In stamping out a heel having too much material the rod below the die is
lowered till the punch touches the upper face of the die, the heel having been
stamped the projecting excess of material is removed. The guides are produced
in the sole by means of two projections; one round the heel the other arranged
in the direction of width and engaging with a groove of the same shape made in
the sole.
For paring the sole it is arranged between two metal soles the edges of which
are inclined; these metallic soles are provided with similar holes to those in the
sole. Nails are introduced into these holes and the edge of the sole is cut accord-
ing to the inclined plane formed by the edges of the metallic soles.
In order to put together and connect the parts constituting the boot, when
they are not to be screwed or sewn they are nailed together by means of an
automatic nailing device.
This apparatus consists of a preferably conical part on to the upper end of
which is screwed a tube within which works a plunger the head of which is
struck in order to drive in the nails; the latter are placed in a series of tubes
which surround the main tube and are held in place by a ring arranged at the
top. At the bottom a spring secured to the conical end holds the bundle of
tubes in place during the descent of the plunger. The tubes can turn round
the tube so as to come in turn before and coincide with a channel through which
the nails descend until they come immediately beneath the plunger. When not
in use, the nails are kept from falling out by a spring which closes the end of
the channel. In order to prevent the nails from jumping out at the top of the
tubes through the jerks to which the tool is subjected, they are covered by a
washer or cap. The plunger always has the tendency to rise to the upper part
of the tube under the influence of a spring placed around it within the tube.
A lever secured to the upper ring serves to hold the plunger during its descent
and to prevent it from resuming its position before a finger-pressure is exercised
on its outer end.
An angle or flange is attached to the conical part and serves to guide the nail-
ing apparatus so as to have all the nails at the same distance from the edge of
the sole.
In a modification of nailing device for heels the nails are held by two springs
placed in the tube.
In short by means of the new process of manufacture according to the present
invention based on the use of cut out stamped parts of suitable material provided
with guiding means and fitted up and nailed by means of simple and practical
apparatus very strong boots can be manufactured in a very quick cheap and
efficient manner.
Dated this 12th day of August 1897.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to the Manufacture of Boots and Shoes.
A communication from PIERRE AUGUSTE DENIS PROST, and ANATOLE GODARD,
of 14, Cite Delassale, Villeurbanne-Lyon, (Rhone), in the Republic of
France, Manufacturers.
1. ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, of 111, Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in

page_text: what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement; —
The improved and economical manufacture of boots and shoes according to
this invention comprises the following different stages and parts.
1. The preparation of the materials according to their nature and purpose
for which they are to be used.
2. The preparation of metallic moulds and models required for stamping,
cutting out and fitting up the different parts forming the boots or shoes," said
moulds being provided with guide passages or holes.
3. Machines for stamping and cutting out different parts of the boot, attach-
ment of the upper to the sole of the boot, manufacture of the heels from paste and
nailing.
PREPARATION OF THE MATERIALS.
The different parts constituting the boot having to retain the shape given by
stamping are prepared in one of the following manners: -
(a). Ordinary sole leather. This is impregnated with a hot composition con-
sisting of equal parts of tallow and resin or linseed oil.
(b). Roughly prepared leather. After having been softened in running water,
the hide may be quickly and economically tanned by sodium chloride and sul-
phuric acid. After having been taken out from the water it is soaked, for 24
hours, in a bath consisting of water, sodium chloride and any acid, preferably
sulphuric acid, a suitable proportion being 89'2% water, 9% sodium chloride,
18% of sulphuric acid at 66°, then the hides are spread on sawdust, and covered
with it, in order to remove any excess of chemical products and prevent the forma-
tion of crystals on the surface; then they are dried. The leather thus obtained
surpasses in durability and impermeability, ordinary commercial leather. In
order to make it a superior material in this respect, the leather, destined for
soles, is impregnated, when hot, with copaline of tar-varnish. The application
must only, however, be made on one side of the leather, in order to enable the
vapours of the liquid, which are produced in drying, to escape at the other side.
The copaline dyes the leather yellow, and renders it firm and strong; the tar
colours it black and renders it supple.
The use of copaline, for rendering the leather impermeable, firm, and strong,
is very useful for attaining this purpose and to it, as it is of a light colour, any
desired dye or colour may be added, in order to colour the leather throughout
its whole thickness, dyeing it in the following manner.
Aniline colours are dissolved in alcohol and mixed, in suitable proportions,
with copaline. Having attained the desired colour by such combination, which
readily takes place, a product is obtained possessing a great penetrating power,
even when cold, which enables an impermeable strong leather, coloured right
through, to be obtained in an economical manner.
Without the use of tar or copaline the leather may be rendered impermeable
by a resinous alum soap or acetate of alumina.
The hides can also be tanned by resinous solutions, or by iron salts, or by
bichromate of potash, but whether they have been tanned according to one or
the other of these processes, they are to be impregnated with a mixture of tallow
and resin.
(c). For soles of hemp, jute or cotton, these materials, when they are in the state
of felted fabric, are soaked in a hot bath of resinous aluminous soap, then pressed
between two plates, provided with striated points, which force the threads of the
fabric to inter.ningle still more, then between two smooth plates, and afterwards
plunged into siccative linseed oil, or the hemp plates are dipped into a bath of
collodion, containing siccative linseed oil, then pressed or dried. Or linen,
cotton etc. felted plates are treated with sulphuric acid in the same way as
employed for obtaining vegetable parchment, or they are treated with cupric
ammonium.

page_text: (d). Soles of felt made of animal hair, are impregnated with oil and collodion,
or with cellulose or silk dissolved in cupric ammonium.
(e). Insoles of fabric are sized with an impermeable material and superposed
according to the thickness desired.
(f). Insoles of strong jute or cotton fabrics, with or without metallic wefts.
These fabrics are sized and afterwards dipped in a bath of acetate of alumina, or
simply impregnated with a resinous alum soap, or linseed oil, copaline or tar,
and then dried in the cpen air.
(g). Soles and heels made of fabrics, felts, or compressed fibrous paste, with
which are incorporated metallic fillings or shavings.
For soles, the fabrics are afterwards treated in any suitable finishing bath,
and before complete desiccation, they are pressed between sheet metal plates,
on one of the surfaces of which have been previously spread metallic shavings etc.
which penetrate into the interior and increase the hardness of the material, as
well as its resistance to wear. Several layers can thus be cemented together.
For heels, metallic shavings etc., are simply mixed with the paste, and the
heels are moulded, pressed and dried in the usual manner.
The heels may
nevertheless be made of several layers of fabrics cemented or connected together,
as for soles.
(h). Various finishing processes for giving a good appearance to the uppers in
an economical manner.
I. For hides tanned according to the improved system. The hides are
coloured with a brush, or by plunging them into aniline colours or dyes. After
drying the colours are fixed, and a gloss given to them by means of a slight
varnish of gum lac dissolved in alcohol. In order to make hides thus prepared
more supple, they are impregnated while hot, on their unvarnished surfaces, with
a quantity of a fat substance, or they are fulled and greased on the side not to
be varnished, at the same time heating them slightly in a vat, in order to dis-
tribute the fat or grease in a uniform manner. In this latter case the operation
is effected before colouring, which is then preferably done by brush.
II. For uppers made of fabric, the raw fabric is taken in an unfinished and
undyed state, but teased on both sides. The nap of the fabric on the side to be
varnished is laid down in one direction, this surface is then finished either by
hand, or on a machine, and the fabric placed in an apparatus for distributing
the coating " in order to give it a first layer, which must penetrate to about
one third of the thickness of the fabric. Then it is dried, and a second layer of
coating applied, and so on, until a smooth surface is obtained. The fabric thus
obtained has the appearance of leather and can be used for manufacturing pur-
poses. If desired its appearance can be rendered still more like leather by
pouncing and varnishing it.
PREPARATION OF MOULDS AND NECESSARY MODELS.
In order to obtain the different moulds and models of stamps for the different
parts constituting the boot, the operation is as follows:-
-
(a). For soles. An ordinary wooden last is provided with an iron sole (Fig. 1)
and with guide-holes. To this last is attached a sole, called the insole, of good
thin leather (Fig. 2), secured by tacks entering the guide holes of the last. This
sole is carefully cut and finished on the last, and caused to fit the last exactly.
Then the sole is coated with a fatty substance to render it impermeable.
From this insole a plaster cast is taken of its outer form. Then the insole
is withdrawn and an exterior mould of the metallic sole is taken. By super-
posing the two moulds or casts thus obtained, there will remain an empty space
exactly corresponding to the leather insole. Then the leather insole is replaced
on the last, and an ordinary upper is placed in position as if for manufacturing
a boot. The curved edges of the upper will cover the edges of the insole, and an
intermediate sole (Fig. 3) is secured between these edges (Fig. 4) suitably adjust-
ing and cutting it. Then again an exterior plaster cast is taken, which being

page_text: placed on the outer cast of the insole, will give the interval occupied by the
intermediate sole. The same operation is effected for the last sole (Fig. 5). It
must be pointed out that the guide pins remaining in the corresponding holes of
the last, the plaster cast will have similar holes. The casts thus obtained serve
as patterns for casting the metal stamps.
(b). For the heels. The method of obtaining the patterns for stamps for stamp-
ing and cutting out (Fig. 6) is the same.
(c). For obtaining patterns of cutters for the uppers thin leather is moistened,
slightly stamped out in a die by means of a stamp, the projecting leather cut
off and the part thus obtained is taken out and placed flat in order to trace the
templet of the cutter.
(d). For obtaining cutters for soles. For ensuring to the edges of soles (Fig. 8)
after they have been cut out a vertical surface, whatever be their shape, the flat
soles are at first compressed between two dies or clamps, male and female, A
and B, giving them the desired shape, then cut out by a concentric cutter C,
so as to effect the cut along the vertical walls of the two dies or clamps. The
cutter moves therefore independently of the clamps.
MACHINE FOR STAMPING, CUTTING OUT AND NAILING THE DIFFERENT PARTS
OF THE BOOT.
(a). Press for stamping and perforating guide holes in soles. Figure 9 is a
longitudinal section, and Figure 10 a cross section, of this machine.
The stamp a is secured to a part 6 by means of a dove tail connection, said
part 6 being itself firmly secured to the movable part c of the press, by means
of two keys d. The die or matrix f is secured to the frame g, in the interior of
which is a screw h, terminating at the top in a narrow plate or platform in which
are screwed or secured needles 2, for perforating the guide holes. The screw h
is operated by a bevel pinion k, secured to a spindle, at the end of which is a
hand wheel m, and a pinion l, forming a nut on the screw h. A hook or catch.n
prevents the screw, provided with a groove p, from turning, while a tube n¹ holds
the pinionin position. The working of this press is as follows. The soles,
cut out by a machine hereinafter described, are placed in the fixed matrix f,
the stamp a is lowered, and the hand-wheel m turned. As the screw h cannot
rotate, it moves vertically, the needles i penetrate into the sole, and make the
guide holes. Then the stamp is raised and the needles, being provided with
Hanges, raise the matrix beyond its fixed position, whereupon the soles can be
easily removed.
(b). Machine for making heels, and the method of their attachment to the
boot. The heels, being made of composition, are cast in moulds, shown in
Figs. 11, 12 and 13, and are stamped under strong pressure. The matrix is
formed of two, three or more superposed parts, according to the rounded shape
of the pattern. The lower part has a cylindrical opening in which is placed the
excess of pastes, and into which a plunger r is adapted to enter, enabling, by its
movement, a greater or smaller quantity of the excess of composition to be used,
and the heel to be removed from the matrix after stamping.
The excess of paste is cut off, after the removal of the heel from the mould. In
Fig. 11 the heel is shown in the mould. In Fig. 12 it is shown removed from
the mould, and in Fig. 13 the heel is shown with a projecting part s representing
the excess of composition.
The heel provided with a top circumferential flange is secured to the sole before
the latter is secured to the boot. The flange engages with a corresponding
circumferential groove made for that purpose in the sole and is provisionally
fixed to the latter by small tacks A (Fig. 14), so as to cause the sole to assume
the concave shape of the heel. Then the points B are driven in, and rivetted
over on the top of the sole. C are pins forming guides, They are sufficiently
long to penetrate, when fitting up is taking place, down to the bottom of the
last, which is provided with a hole at this point.

page_text: (c). Apparatus for attaching the upper (Fig. 15). M is the last to which are
attached the insole and the upper. The apparatus consists of a band or shackle A,
and a part B, freely pivotted in the shackle A, on pins C. The last is securely
held in the shackle by screws, as 3 and 5, and the part B is held firmly, at a
suitable distance from the sole, by screws 1 and 2. In the same part B rotate
two rods D with lugs 7. These rods, into which penetrate screw-threaded rods E,
are bored out to a certain depth and provided with holes into which are intro-
duced the ends F of cords passed through the perforations T (Fig. 7) in the
edges of the upper, which is to be stretched and placed on the last. The screw E
is screwed down and compresses these ends in the recess in the rod D and holds
them securely. By turning the rods D by means of the lug 7, the cords can be
wound up, and produce the desired effect on the edges of the upper, the upper
being thus stretched on the last, ready for the application of the sole.
One of the parts D serves for laying the upper in front, and the other at the
back.
(d). Cutters with needles for making holes. In order to facilitate the attach-
ment of the uppers, the cutters, used for cutting them out are provided with
needles serving to make the holes T (Fig. 7) (in which are introduced the cords
referred to above) and guide-holes U on the pattern for guiding the stitches in
the connection of the different parts of the upper.
(e). Apparatus for nailing and securing the parts (Fig. 16). This comprises
a rod or plunger A¹ for driving in the nails. The rod is provided with a head B',
which the operator strikes. The nails are arranged in a concentric series of
tubes C¹, turning concentrically about the axis of the rod A¹, and descend through
the passage
D of the part E. On this part is screwed a tube FI, surrounding
the rod A, and normally holding it raised by means of a spring G. The lever
or catch H, at the top, holds the rod A¹ when it descends and prevents it from
returning into its original position, except when the lever is pressed by the
finger, thereby releasing the plunger, and allowing it to rise again. The tubes C₁,
closed at the top by a washer K₁, are brought in turn opposite the passage D¹,
and the nails, contained in them, are retained in the lower portion by a spring J¹.
A spring L' prevents the tubes from turning, during working, until the spring
is disengaged in order to enable a full tube to be brought before the passage D¹,
when the preceding one is emptied. An angle piece M¹ secured to the lower
portion of the apparatus serves to guide the latter.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In the manufacture of boots and shoes, the preparation of the raw material,
whether commercial leather, fabrics, felts, raw hides or fibrous composition
according to the respective processes described, for the purpose of imparting to
them good appearance, suppleness, impermeability and the property of retaining
the shape given to them by the stamping machine, substantially as described.
2. For the manufacture of boots and shoes, the preparation of models serving
to make the stamps for stamping soles, heels and uppers, by making successive
casts from the different parts constituting the boot or shoe, first of the external
surfaces of each part mounted on the last and dismounted, all of them being
provided with the same guides by means of pins entering corresponding holes
in the last, substantially as described.
3. In the manufacture of boots and shoes, cutting out soles by means of con-
centric cutters substantially as described and illustrated in Figure 8 of the
accompanying drawings.
4. In the manufacture of boots and shoes, stamping and perforating the guide
holes, substantially as described and illustrated in Figures 9 and 10 of the
accompanying drawings.
5. In the manufacture of boots and shoes, the manufacture of composition

page_text: heels substantially as described and illustrated in Figures 11, 12 and 13 of the
accompanying drawings.
6. In the manufacture of boots and shoes attaching the heel to the upper
substantially as described and illustrated in Figure 14 of the accompanying
drawings.
7. In the manufacture of boots and shoes mounting the upper by means of
the apparatus shown in Figure 15.
8. Means for cutting out and perforating uppers substantially as described
and illustrated in Figure 7 of the accompanying drawings.
9. In the manufacture of boots and shoes nailing mechanism substantially
as described and illustrated in Figure 16 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 5th day of May 1898.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.