Method of and Apparatus for Exhausting or Pumping Fluids.
Year: 1893

page_text: 12
Date of Application, 8th Feb., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 4th Nov., 1893-Accepted, 13th Jan., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Method of and Apparatus for Exhausting or Pumping Fluids.
I, WILLIAM SAMUEL MOORE of 615, Lexington Avenue, New York City, in
the County and State of New York, United States of America, Physiciau, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in vacuum pumps, and it has for its object
to provide a pump of that description of exceedingly simple durable and economic
construction and capable of being expeditiously and conveniently operated when-
ever its use is required, and the invention consists in constructing the pump in such
manner that ammonia gas may be generated and employed in the creating of the
vacuum and further wherein the ammonia gas may be generated and fed in
sufficient quantities into the vessel in which the vacuum is to be established, the air
being forced from the vessel by the entering gas, and to provide valves of suitable
construction for the air outlet and the gas inlet pipes. Another feature of the
invention consists in providing a receptacle in which the vacuum is to be made,
placing in the vessel a fluid supply pipe controlled by a proper valve, introducing
into one portion of the vessel a tube suitably valved and connecting with this tube
a retort or vessel in which ammonia gas may be generated and, finally, in connecting
with the vessel in which the vacuum is to be generated at or near the bottom
thereof a valved pipe for the escape of air.
I will first describe the construction of a simple form of apparatus in which a
suitable vessel is employed, the said vessel being that in which the vacuum is to
be established. The top of the vessel is hermetically sealed by means of a stopper
or any equivalent thereof and through this stopper one end of a liquid inlet tube is
introduced, which tube extends well down within the vessel and the tube also
extends upward through and beyond the stopper and is provided above the stopper
with a valve or stop-cock. The tube is that employed to convey into the vacuum
chamber the liquid that the pump is adapted to withdraw and receive. At or near
the bottom of the vessel an off-take pipe is located, the said pipe being provided
with a suitable stop cock, and a gas supply pipe is introduced at one end into and
through the stopper, the other end of the pipe being introduced into a retort or a
vessel of any description in which gas may be generated and beneath the vessel a
heating device of any approved construction is located. The gas inlet tube is
provided, with a three-way cock. The three-way cock is provided with the ordinary
through channel in its plug and a branch channel and the casing is provided with
the ordinary exit and through openings. The construction of the simple form of
the device is completed by placing in the stopper an auxiliary tube adapted to
contain water in small quantities. This tube to that end is provided at its top with
a cap and below the cap with a stop-cock or its equivalent, the space between the
cap and the stop-cock being adapted for the storage of water.
In the operation of this form of the vacuum pump, water or ammonia or any
equivalent absorbent liquid, preferably however ammonia, is placed in the retort.
The stop-cock connected with the lower pipe is opened and the three-way cock is
also manipulated to bring its through channel longitudinally of the pipe with which
it is connected. Thus between the retort and the interior of the vessel in which
the vacuum is to be formed, a direct communication is formed while an exit is made at
the bottom of the vessel. The stop-cock or valve in the fluid inlet pipe is closed
as is likewise the stop-cock in the auxiliary pipe. A heating apparatus is placed
beneath the retort and as ammonia gas is generated it passes down into the vessel
and forces the air out, and, when all of the air has been expunged from the vessel

page_text: the stop-cocks are turned off, thus admitting no more gas into the vessel as at that
time substantially a positive vacuum has been produced, the gas taking the place of
the air. When the three-way cock is turned off with respect to the vessel, any gas
that may be subsequently generated will pass out through the branch channels of
the valve and its casing. The stop cock in the auxiliary pipe is then opened
sufficiently to permit a drop or so of water stored in that pipe to enter the vessel.
This water will absorb the ammonia gas and a perfect vacuum will be obtained.
It is evident from the above description that the creation of this vacuum is
exceedingly expeditious and convenient. The vessel may now be filled with any
fluid desirable, by simply placing the upper end of the fluid inlet pipe in
communication with the liquid to be drawn into the vessel and opening the stop
cock.
.
In the
In another form of pump, two reservoirs of tanks are located at a suitable
distance apart, each independent of the other, and at their bottoms these reservoirs
are connected by means of pipes, with the body of water or other fluid to be
elevated and discharged. Each pipe, about mid-way of its length, is provided
with a damper-valve, the said valve being capable of moving from a horizontal
position to a vertical position, and immediately below each of the tanks, in each
pipe, a valve is located of any approved construction, the valves being normally
held open though said valves are closed automatically when necessary.
operation of the machine, when one valve is closed the other valve is open. At the
top of each tank or reservoir an opening is produced and these openings are
normally covered by valves which valves are usually of the elbow or angled type.
Each tank at its upper end has introduced into it a pipe and these pipes extend down-
ward independently between the two tanks, and are connected with a retort in which
ammonia gas is to be generated, the retort being so located that any heating agent,
as for example a lamp, may be placed beneath it. Both of the pipes leading into
the retort are controlled by a double valve, the valve being so located and
constructed that when said valve is open in one pipe the corresponding valve is
closed in the other and this operation is effected by the rotation of the valve key,
the said valve key being connected at opposite ends with the damper valves in the
outer pipes through the medium of cords, chains, or the equivalents thereof, and
when one damper valve is open the other valve is closed. The pipes extending
from the bottom of the reservoirs are adapted as conductors for the liquid to be
pumped, while the pipes from the top are intended to convey ammonia gas or other
gas employed, from the retort to the tanks and in each of the gas-conducting pipes
a valve is located preferably of the damper pattern, and these valves are each in
communication with a valve above and below one of the tanks, the valve in the
right-hand gas-delivery pipe being in communication with the valve controlling the
left-hand tank and vice-versa. The valves in the water-conducting tubes are three-
way valves.
The operation is as follows:-The gas ascends, for example, through the left-
hand tube into the left-hand tank and in so doing the left-hand damper in said tube
is opened and when fully opened by reason of its connection with the upper and
lower valves of the right-hand tank, the through-way of the lower valve is closed
and its branch vent opened and the upper valve of the right-hand tank is opened,
admitting air into said tank, and the water contained in the right-hand tank will
escape through the vent of the three-way valve. It must be remembered that water
is now escaping from the right-hand tank and the left-hand tank is to be placed in
condition for the same action to take place. The gas passing up, as heretofore stated,
through the left-hand pipe enters the left-hand tank and forces the air out therefrom,
creating a vacuum and holding the upper valve closed by said vacuum in addition to
the atmospheric pressure. After displacing the air in the left hand tank the gas passes
down through the three-way valve, which is open, down through the left-hand pipe and
into the liquid that is to be raised, water for example. The water or liquid rushes
upward immediately after the vacuum is established into the pipe and in so doing it
raises the left-hand valve in the said left-hand pipe and rotates the valve located in

page_text: the gas-delivery pipes above the retort in such manner as to close communication
between the retort and the left-hand supply pipe and to open communication
between the retort and the right-hand supply pipe in order to create a vacuum in
the right-hand tank which at this time is empty of water. Returning to the left-
hand water pipe after the water has acted upon the left-hand valve, it ascends and
enters the left-hand tank. As the water enters this tank the vacuum therein is
destroyed and just at this time the gas in passing through the right-hand gas supply
tube to enter the right-hand tank, trips the right-hand valve which upon being
tripped closes the through-way in the left-hand valve, opens the branch and like-
wise opens the upper left-hand valve of the left-hand tank, admitting air to that
tank. The water or like fluid will now flow from the left-hand tank out through
the vent of the lower valve. Thus it will be observed that practically a continuous
and automatic action is obtained, the water or liquid to be elevated and discharged
being discharged from one tank while the other is being placed in position to
receive its charge.
Dated February 8th 1893.
WILLIAM SAMUEL MOORE.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Method of and Apparatus for Exhausting or Pumping Fluids.
I WILLIAM SAMUEL MOORE, of 615 Lexington Avenue, New York City, in
the County and State of New York, United States of America, Physician do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to improvements in vacuum pumps and it has for its object
to provide a pump of that description of exceedingly simple durable and economic
construction and capable of being expeditiously and conveniently operated when-
ever its use is required, and the invention consists in constructing the pump in such
manner that ammonia gas may be generated and employed in the creating of the
vacuum, and further wherein the ammonia gas may be generated and fed in
sufficient quantities into the vessel in which the vacuum is to be established, the air
being forced from the vessel by the entering gas, and to provide valves of suitable.
construction for the air outlet and the gas inlet pipes. Another feature of the.
invention consists in providing a receptacle in which the vacuum is to be made,
placing in the vessel a fluid supply pipe controlled by a proper valve, introducing
into one portion of the vessel a tube suitably valved, and connecting with this tube
a retort or vessel in which ammonia gas may be generated, and finally, in
connecting with the vessel in which the vacuum is to be generated, at or near the
bottom thereof, a valved pipe for the escape of air.
The invention consists in the novel construction and combination of the several
parts, as will be hereinafter fully set forth and pointed out in the claims.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this
Specification, in which similar figures and letters of reference indicate corresponding
parts in all the views.
Figure 1 is a partial central vertical section and partial side elevation of the
vacuum pump in its simple form;
Figure 2 is a section taken through a three-way valve used in connection with
the pump, the section being indicated by the line 2-2 of Figure 1 ;
Figure 3 is a central vertical section through another form of pump, involving,
however, the same principles, and constructed in such a manner as to provide for a
double and practically continuous action; and
Figure 4 is a horizontal section taken essentially on the line 4-4 of Figure 3.
I will first describe the construction and operation of the simple form of

page_text: apparatus shown in Figure 1, in which a vessel A, is employed of any suitable
material and of any desired size, the said vessel being that in which the vacuum is
to be established. The top of the vessel is hermetically sealed by means of a
stopper 10, or any equivalent thereof, and through this stopper one end of a liquid
inlet tube 11, is introduced, which tube extends well down within the vessel A ;
and the tube also extends upward through and beyond the stopper 10, and is
provided above the stopper with a valve or stop cock 12. The tube 11, is that
employed to convey into the vacuum chamber the liquid that the pump is adapted
to withdraw and receive.
At or near the bottom of the vessel A an offtake pipe 13, is located, the said
pipe being provided with a suitable stop cock 14; and a gas supply pipe 15, is
introduced at one end into and through the stopper 10, the other end of the
pipe 15, being introduced into a retort 16, or a vessel of any description in which gas
may be generated, and beneath the vessel 16 a heating device 17, of any approved
construction is located. The gas inlet tube 15, is provided with a three-way
cock 18, shown in detail in Figure 2.
The three-way cock is provided with the ordinary through channel 19, in its
plug, and a branch channel 20, and the casing is provided with the ordinary exit
and through openings designated respectively as 21 and 22. The construction of
the simple form of the device is completed by placing in the stopper 10 an auxiliary
tube 23, adapted to contain water in small quantities. This tube, to that end, is
provided at its top with a cap 24, and below the cap with a stop cock 25, or its
equivalent, the space between the cap and the stop cock being adapted for the
storage of water.
In the operation of this form of the vacuum pump, water or ammonia, or any
equivalent absorbent liquid, preferably, however, ammonia, is placed in the
retort 16. The stop cock 14, connected with the lower pipe 13, is opened, and the
three-way cock 18, is also manipulated to bring its through channel longitudinally
of the pipe with which it is connected. Thus between the retort and the interior
of the vessel in which the vacuum is to be formed a direct communication is
formed, while an exit is made at the bottom of the vessel. The stop cock or
valve 12 in the fluid inlet pipe is closed, as is likewise the stop cock 25 in the
auxiliary pipe 23. A heating apparatus is placed beneath the retort, and as
ammonia gas is generated it passes down into the vessel A and forces the air out of
the vessel, and when all of the air has been expunged from the vessel A, the stop
cocks 14 and 18, are turned off, thus admitting no more gas into the vessel, as at
that time substantially a positive vacuum has been produced, the gas taking the
place of the air. When the three-way cock is turned off with respect to the
vessel A, any gas that may be subsequently generated will pass out through
the branch channels 20 and 21 of the valve and its casing. The stop cock 25
in the auxiliary pipe 23, is then opened sufficiently to permit a drop or so of water
stored in that pipe to enter the vessel A, this water will absorb the ammonia gas
and a perfect vacuum will be obtained. It is evident from the above description
that the creation of this vacuum is exceedingly expeditious and convenient.
The vessel may now be filled with any fluid desirable by simply placing the
upper end of the fluid inlet pipe 11 in communication with the liquid to be drawn
into the vessel and opening the stop cock 12.
In Figure 3 I have illustrated a form of the device which. is double, automatic,
and adapted for use in pumping and for like purposes. Its construction is
substantially as follows.
Two reservoirs or tanks 26 and 27, are located at a suitable distance apart, each
independent of the other, and at their bottoms these reservoirs are connected by
means of pipes 28, of any approved length, with the body of water 29, or other
fluid to be elevated and discharged. Each pipe 28, about mid-way of its length, is
provided with a damper valve 30, the said valve being capable of moving from a
horizontal position to a vertical position, pointing either upward or downward;
and immediately below each of the tanks 26 and 27, in each pipe 28, a valve 31, is

page_text: located, of any approved construction, the valves being normally held open, though.
said valves are closed automatically when necessary. In the operation of the
machine when one valve 31 is closed the other valve is open.
At the top of each tank or reservoir 26 and 27 an opening 32, is produced, and
these openings are normally covered by valves 33, which valves are usually of the
elbow or angled type, as illustrated in the drawings. Each tank at its upper end
has introduced into it a pipe, and these pipes are designated respectively as 34.
and 35. These pipes extend downward independently between the two tanks, and
are connected with a retort 36 in which ammonia gas is to be generated, the retort.
being so located that any heating agent, as for example a lamp 37, may be placed
beneath it. Both of the pipes 34 and 35, leading into the retort, are controlled by
a double valve 38, the valve being so located and constructed that when said valve
is open in one pipe the corresponding valve is closed in the other, and this operation.
is effected by the rotation of the valve key, the said valve key being connected at
opposite ends with the damper valves in the outer pipes 28 through the medium
of cords 39, chains or the equivalents thereof; and when one damper valve 30 is.
open the other valve is closed.
The pipes 28, are adapted as conductors for the liquid to be pumped, while the.
pipes 34 and 35 are intended to convey ammonia gas, or other gas employed,.
from the retort 36 to the tanks 26 and 27; and in each of the gas-conducting-
pipes 34 and 35 a valve is located preferably of the damper pattern, and these
valves are designated respectively as 40 and 41. Each valve 40 and 41, is in
communication with a valve above and below one of the tanks, the valve 41 in.
the right-hand gas-delivery pipe being in communication with the valve controlling.
the left-hand tank, and vice versa.
The valves 31 in the water-conducting tubes 28, are three-way valves, and may
be constructed as shown in Figure 2.
The operation is as follows:
The gas ascends, for example, through the left-hand tube 35, into the left-hand,
tank 26, and in so doing the left-hand damper 40, is opened, and when fully
opened, by reason of its connection with the upper and lower valves of the
right-hand tank, the through-way of the lower valve is closed and its branch
vent opened, and the upper valve of the right-hand tank is opened, admitting.
air into said tank, and the water contained in the right hand tank will escape-
through the vent of the three-way valve 31.
It must be remembered that water is now escaping from the tank 27, and the
tank 26 is to be placed in condition for the same action to take place. The
gas passing up, as heretofore stated, through the left-hand pipe 35, enters the left--
hand tank and forces the air out therefrom, creating a vacuum and holding the
upper valve 33 closed by said vacuum in addition to the atmospheric pressure..
After displacing the air in the left-hand tank the gas passes down through the
valve 31, which is open, down through the left-hand pipe and into the liquid that.
is to be raised, water for example. The water or liquid 29, rushes upward
immediately after the vacuum is established into the pipe 28, and in so doing it.
raises the left-hand valve 30 in the said left-hand pipe and rotates the valve 38,
located in the gas-delivery pipes above the retort, in such manner as to close
communication between the retort and the left-hand supply pipe 35, and to open.
communication between the retort and the right-hand supply pipe 34, in order to
create a vacuum in the right-hand tank 27, which at this time is empty of water.
Returning to the left-hand water pipe 28, after the water has acted upon the.
left-hand valve 30, it ascends and passes through the left-hand valve 31 and enters.
the left-hand tank 26. As the water enters this tank the vacuum therein is.
destroyed, and just at this time the gas in passing through the right-hand gas supply
tube 34 to enter the right-hand tank 27, trips the right-hand valve 41, which upon
being tripped, closes the through-way in the left-hand valve 31, opens the branch
and likewise opens the upper left-hand valve of the left-hand tank 26, admitting
air to that tank. The water or like fluid will now flow from the left-hand tank 26
out through the vent of the lower valve 31.

page_text: Thus it will be observed that practically a continuous and automatic action is
obtained, the water or liquid to be elevated and discharged, being discharged from
one tank while the other is being placed in position to receive its charge.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what J
claim is,
1. The herein described manner of creating a pump action, which consists in
creating a vacuum in a given vessel, forcing the air out therefrom by the intro-
duction therein of ammonia gas, then closing the vessel and providing in the
vessel an exit for its former contents, substantially as herein shown and described..
2. The herein described method of producing a pump action, which consists in
introducing amnionia gas into a chamber, and by the introduction of the gas
producing in the chamber a displacement of its former contents, an exit being
provided for that purpose, and by introducing a liquid into the gas-charged
chamber to absorb the gas, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
3. The herein described method of producing a pump action, which consists in
displacing the contents of a vessel by the introduction of ammonia gas, sealing
the gas in the vessel, introducing into the vessel a liquid which absorbs the
ammouia gas, and establishing communication between the material to be pumped
and the interior of the vacuum chamber, as and for the purpose set forth.
4. The herein described method of securing a pumping action, which consists in
establishing a vacuum in a sealed vessel through the medium of ammonia gas,
providing a valved outlet in the vacuum chamber, and providing a connection
between the interior of the vacuum chamber and the material to be drawn
therein, substantially as shown and described.
5. As an improved article of manufacture, a vacuum pump constructed
substantially as herein set forth.
6. As an improved article of manufacture, a vacuum pump, the same consisting
of a sealed vessel, a gas generating apparatus having a valved connection with the
vessel, a valved outlet located near the bottom of the vessel, and a valved pipe
adapted to establish communication between the interior of the vessel and the
material to be drawn into the interior of said vessel, substantially as shown and
described.
7. As an improved article of manufacture, a vacuum pump, the same consisting
of a sealed vessel having a valved outlet at its lower end, a gas generating apparatus
having valved connection with the upper portion of the vessel, a water storage or
supply tube introduced into the vessel, and a valve controlled pipe adapted to
establish communication with the interior of the vessel from the outside,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
8. The combination, with the vessel A provided with the outlet faucet at its
lower end, of a stopper for the mouth of the vessel, a valved water inlet pipe
and a valved gas inlet pipe 15 communicating with the vessel through its stopper,
and a retort 16 connected with the pipe 15, and beneath which a heating device
is adapted to be placed, the vessel A and parts connected therewith being
portable, as a whole, substantially as set forth.
9. A portable apparatus of the character described comprising the vessel A
having the faucet in its lower end, a stopper for its mouth, a pipe 23 entering
through the stopper and having a cap 24 and a valve 25, the water inlet pipe
provided with a valve, and the retort 16 having a pipe 15 leading through the
stopper and provided with a valve, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 4th day of November 1802
WILLIAM SAMUEL MOORE.