IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF JUTE AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE MACHINERY, APPARATUS, OR MEANS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Paterson, of Dundee, in the County of
Forfar, North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
TREATMENT OF JUTE AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE MACHINERY,
APPARATUS, OR MEANS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
Sealed the 6th June 1865, and dated the 23rd December 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Paterson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
December 1864.
I, JAMES PATERSON, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE TREATMENT OF JUTE AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE MACHINERY,
APPARATUS, OR MEANS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows, that is to
say:
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction and
arrangement of machinery or apparatus employed for "batching" and soften-
ing jute, hemp, or other fibrous substances whereby these processes are con-
ducted in a more rapid and efficient manner than hitherto. The machine is
fitted with three pairs of grooved rollers (or more or fewer as may be neces-

page_text: sary for the preparation of the materials operated upon and the number of
liquids used in their preparation). Fluted rollers are placed before each pair of
the grooved rollers for the purpose of breaking up or softening the materials
previous to receiving the oils from the grooved ones; they are also used in
regulating the supply of the liquids used. The rollers are driven from each
side of the machine by shafts and bevil gearing, supported by brackets fixed
to the framing or standard on which the rollers rest; motion is given to the
side shafts by a main shaft carried through below the feeding table on which
the driving pulleys are fixed, and carrying also bevil wheels gearing into
similar bevil wheels on the side shafts. The grooved rollers are driven
quicker than the fluted ones, so that a rubbing motion is imparted to the
materials in passing between them, and the liquids carried by the rollers to
the jute or other materials under treatment are more effectually and evenly
spread through them. The oils or other liquids used are supplied from
cisterns placed at a sufficient height to ensure their flowing freely through
the pipes and regulating valves on to the rollers through which the materials
are passed. This arrangement entirely does away with the present system
of building the jute in heaps or "batches" and putting on the liquids by
hand.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Paterson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd June 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
PATERSON, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said James Paterson, Her special license that I, the said James Paterson,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James
Paterson, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREAT-

page_text: MENT OF JUTE AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE MACHINERY,
APPARATUS, OR MEANS CONNECTED THEREWITH," upon the condition (amongst
cthers) that I, the said James Paterson, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Paterson, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction and
arrangement of machinery or apparatus employed for "batching" and soften-
ing jute, hemp, or other fibrous substances whereby these processes are con-
ducted in a more rapid and efficient manner than hitherto. The machine is
fitted with three pairs of grooved rollers, or more or fewer as may be neces-
sary for the preparation of the materials operated upon and the number of
liquids used in their preparation. Fluted rollers are placed before each pair
of the grooved rollers for the purpose of breaking up or softening the materials
previous to receiving the oils, etc., from the grooved ones; they are also used
in regulating the supply of the liquids used. The rollers are driven from each
side of the machine by shafts and bevil gearing, supported by brackets fixed
to the framing or standard on which the rollers rest; motion is given to the
said shafts by a main shaft carried through below the feeding table on which
the driving pulleys are fixed, and carrying also bevil wheels on the side shafts.
The grooved rollers are driven quicker than the fluted ones, so that a rubbing
motion is imparted to the materials in passing between them, and the liquids
carried by the rollers to the jute or other materials under treatment are more
effectually and evenly spread through them. The oils or other liquids are
supplied from cisterns at a sufficient height to ensure their flowing freely
through the pipes and regulating valves on to the rollers through which the
materials are passed. This arrangement entirely does away with the present
system of building the jute in heaps or "batches" and putting on the liquids
by hand.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood, I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the system, mode, or manner in or
under which the same is or may be used or practically carried into effect,
reference being had to the several Figures upon the explanatory Sheet of

page_text: Drawings which I have hereunto appended, and in which corresponding parts
are indicated by corresponding letters of reference, that is to say :—
Figure 1 is a partially transverse section and elevation of one modification
of my said apparatus; Figure 2 is a part side elevation thereof; and Figure 3
is a vertical section drawn to a larger scale of the valve for regulating the
flow of the oil. In Figures 1 and 2 the framing of the machine marked A
consists of a rectangular bed at the bottom, to which are fixed the guides B
for holding the bushes C of the several sets of rollers D and D', D³ and D³.
At suitable distances along the framework A brackets are fixed for carrying the
shafts E and F and S, by which the rollers D and D1, D2 and D³, are driven.
Upon referring to Figures 1 and 2 it will be observed that the several pairs
of upper and lower rollers D & D', D and D³, are alternately grooved and
fluted, and that by the method of arranging the gearing the fluted rollers are
driven from the side of the machine opposite to that from which the grooved
rollers are driven, and slightly faster than these grooved ones. In Figure 1
one-half of the grooved rollers D and D¹ are shown cut away, and the small
spur pinions c and d are those which project from and by which the next pair
of grooved rollers behind the fluted ones D³ and D³ are driven; the fluted
rollers D³ and D³ are driven by means of the shaft S and wheels T on the
other side of the machine, as seen in Figures 1 and in blue lines in Figure 2.
Extending across the top part of the framing is the perforated tube G,
which is divided about the centre by the diaphragm H, and at about the
centre of each of the halves of the tubes G a hollow branch I is formed, con-
nected by the pipe J to the valve or regulator K, the cross feed pipe L
extending directly over the top of the machine, having a branch M at its
central part communicating to the reservoir, not shown in the Drawings, and
which may be placed in a suitable position. In the top of the framing
standards N are fixed, at the upper end of which a joint O is formed, to which
is coupled the bent lever P, the lower part of which rests upon the bearings
of the upper set of rollers. At a certain part of the horizontal length of the
lever P the plunger or valve Q is attached, and as the lever is lifted the
plunger or valve Q is also raised, and in proportion varying with the amount
of opening which the valve Q has is the quantity of liquid run upon the jute
regulated. The table R is that upon which the jute is laid for being fed into
the softening machine.
Having now particularly set forth the details of my said Invention as shown
in the annexed Sheet of Drawings, I shall now proceed to explain the mode
of operating with the same to be as follows:-The machine being put in motion
in the manner herein-before described, the jute is gradually drawn forward on

page_text: the table R, and passes between the first pair of rollers D and D¹; the thick-
ness of the layer of jute as it passes through causes the upper set of rollers to
be raised, which raising movement is communicated by means of the inter-
vention of the lever P to the regulator Q; by this means the quantity of oil
allowed to fall, as shown at a, a, etc., Figure 1, on the jute as it passes through
is regulated by the quantity of jute so passing.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or practically
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that I do not confine or
restrict myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occa-
sion to describe or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without
deviating from the true principles or main features of my said Invention,
but what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as
the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,
First, the general arrangement and construction of machinery or
apparatus for treating and preparing jute or other fibrous substances
substantially as herein-before described, or any mere modification thereof.
Second, the application of a softening liquid to be used in combination
with machinery for preparing jute and other fibrous substances substantially
as herein-before described, or any mere modification thereof.
Third, the arrangement and construction of a valve or regulator for
governing the supply of the softening fluid, and the means of actuating the same
from the raising of the rollers, substantially as herein-before described, or any
mere modification thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Paterson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of June, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-five.
JAMES PATERSON. (L.s.)