IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF EXTRACTING GREASE FROM BONES AND OTHER FATTY MATERIALS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR, OR CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki Proprietor of the
firm of J Brandt & G. W. v Nawrocki Patent Solicitor and Civil Engineer
of 124 Leipzigerstrasse Berlin Germany for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE METHOD OF EXTRACTING GREASE FROM BONES AND OTHER FATTY
MATERIALS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR, OR CONNECTED THEREWITH
A communication from Johann Wellstein of Bamberg Germany
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von
Nawrocki at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th July
1882.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, Proprietor of the firm of J. Brandt and
G. W. v. Nawrocki, Patent Solicitor and Civil Engineer, of 124 Leipzigerstrasse,
Berlin, Germany, "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF EXTRACTING GREASE FROM
BONES AND OTHER FATTY MATERIALS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR OR CONNECTED
THEREWITH. A communication from Johann Wellstein, of Bamberg, Germany.
"
For extracting grease the fatty matters are placed in a metallic vessel, called
the extractor, a vacuum is produced in the same and a measured quantity of
dissolving liquid drawn in from a receptacle provided with a liquid gauge; the
extractor is then hermetically closed, heated by admitting steam to its steam
jacket, and after the vapors formed by the dissolving liquid have attained the
desired pressure generally about 5 atmospheres, the steam is cut off and the
extractor allowed to cool. The dissolving liquid which floats at the top of
the grease is then drawn off through a movable pipe passing through the bottom
of the extractor and capable of being screwed up until its open upper end reaches
near the level of the liquid. The rest of the solvent is then separated from the
fat by evaporation and subsequent condensation in the condenser whose chief
object is to establish the vacuum in the extractor. Finally the fat is drawn off
into a purifier. The condenser is preferably situated above the receptacle for the
....

page_text: dissolving liquid, provided with an injection pipe and a cooling jacket, the latter
for condensing the vapors of the dissolving liquid. The liquid receptacle is a
metallic vessel communicating with the condenser and also with the lower end of
the movable pipe for drawing off the solvent from the extractor. The movable
draw-off pipe passes into the extractor through a vertical stuffing box, carries at
the top a rose and at the bottom a screw thread screwed into a hollow pedestal,
which communicates with the liquid receptacle. In the extractor the pipe is
surrounded by a perforated guard and outside the extractor by a fixed pipe, leaving
an annular space through which the extractor communicates with the purifier and
also with a pipe for letting off the glue after the latter has been extracted from 1
bones contained in the extractor. The metallic cooling vessel contains a pipe coil
for the circulation of steam. Stop-cocks or valves are provided for establishing or
cutting off communication between the different vessels and pipes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 2nd January 1883.
"
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, Proprietor of the firm of J. Brandt and
G. W. v. Nawrocki, Patent Solicitor and Civil Engineer, of 124 Leipziger-strasse,
Berlin, Germany. 'IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF EXTRACTING GREASE FROM
BONES AND OTHER FATTY MATERIALS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR OR CONNECTED
THEREWITH." A communication from Johann Wellstein, of Bamberg, Germany.
This invention relates to a new process and apparatus for extracting grease
from bones, wool and other fatty materials by the application of fat-dissolving
liquids.
The apparatus is arranged in such a manner that the glue contained in the bones
is extracted by steam in the same extractor in which the fat has been extracted
from the same. The apparatus is furthermore connected with a purifier in which
the grease extracted may at once be purified, while the separation of the dissolving
liquid from the grease is for the greatest part carried out in the extractor.
The working process in this apparatus is based on the following principles and
differs in many respects from the methods of extracting hitherto known. The
dissolving liquid is supplied to the extractor filled with the material to be treated
by producing in the extractor a vacuum, for which purpose the extractor is
connected with a condenser
In this manner the dissolving liquid is sucked in by the extractor by which
method losses through leakages in the pipes are avoided.
This process has further the advantage to completely remove the air from the
pores of the bones or other material, whereby the dissolving liquid penetrates more
easily into the bones. After having sucked in the dissolving liquid, the extractor
is closed hermetically and heated by means of a steam-jacket until the pressure
gauge with which it is provided indicates an inward pressure of about 5 atmo-
spheres; the steam is then cut off and the apparatus is left to itself; the pressure.
in the apparatus then gradually decreases and as soon as it reaches about 0.2
atmospheres the dissolving liquid which floats at the top of the grease is drawn off
by a peculiar device. When this is accomplished, the remainder of the dissolving
liquid is evaporated by heating the extractor, and subsequently the grease which
has become liquid through heating is drawn off into a purifier in which it is at
once purified by means of steam and a solution of alcali, and where the last
remainder of solvent is removed. Consequently the elimination by distillation
in a special still is not required, the separation of the grease from the solvent being
carried out to the greater part in the extractor. If the material under treatment
consists of bones, the glue may be won in the same extractor immediately after
the grease has been drawn off, by introducing steam into the extractor.
"
The glue thus won is drawn off. into a cooling vessel, after which the extractor
is emptied. The advantages offered by this process over the methods hitherto
known consist in economy of fuel, a larger production of fat which does not come
in contact with water or steam, and owing to the absence of high pressures it is
less dangerous than the well-known process by high pressure.
The apparatus used for this purpose is illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is a vertical section, Fig 2. a plan and Fig 3 a front view of the extractor.
The apparatus principally consists of the Extractor A; the condenser B; the cold
water pump C; the reservoir U containing the solvent; the vessel E receiving the
fat; also suitable pipe conduits; cocks and other appliances.

page_text: The extractor A. is provided with a steam-jacket A¹, an upper man-hole a which
serves to fill in the material to be treated; a lower man-hole a' serving to remove
the materials after the operation.
The pipe h serving to introduce and discharge the solvent, reaches through the
double bottom of the extractor; it is provided at the upper end with a rose and is 5
adapted to be lowered or raised, for which purpose it is screw threaded at its lower
end and may be screwed up and down by means of a hand-wheel ? The lower
end of the pipe h is open and moves in the cylinder m connected with the
reservoir D by means of the pipe g.
The cylinder m is furthermore connected with the steam pipe b, from which it 1
can be cut off by means of the cock b" which is clearly-illustrated in Fig 3. Finally
the extractor is provided with a sieve-bottom K; a pressure-gauge, a vacuum-meter
and a discharge pipe n for the grease and glue, in the well-known manner. The
outlet n also bears the stuffing-box for the pipe h, see Fig. 1. The extractor is
connected with the condenser B by means of the pipe d. The condenser B is. 1
provided with the jacket B' in which cold water can be circulated; the condenser
communicates with the steam pipe 6 by means of cock 61; it is also provided with
an air-pipe c having a cock c¹, and a rose c which is fed by the pump C through
a pipe.
The condenser is also provided with a water-gauge. The condenser also com-
municates with the reservoir D by means of piper provided with cock rl, also
with the purifier E by means of pipe y provided with cock y'. The extractor and
condenser are placed on the same level, while the reservoir D containing the
solvent, as well as the purifier E, are situated lower down. The reservoir D is
provided with a funnel f having a cock, a liquid-gauge t and an outlet pipe 89
provided with a cock; it communicates with the condenser B by means of pipe r
having a cock r³, and with cylinder m of the extractor A by means of pipe g
provided with cocks g' and g¹ and glass-tube o The purifier or fat reservoir E is
provided with a steam coil w communicating with the steam-pipe b, also with a
liquid gauge v, also with two, three or more outlet-cocks xxx to draw off the
purified fat.
The purifier E communicates with the condenser B by means of pipe y having a
cock y', and with the extractor A, by means of pipe u having a cock u¹. The pipe s
serves as an outlet of the water produced in the steam-coil by condensation.
.
'
The pipe ¹ provided with cock z³ serves to remove the solution of glue from the
extractor A. The apparatus is worked in the following way: After the material
from which the fat is to be extracted has been introduced through the aperture a
into the extractor A, the latter is hermetically closed. The air contained in the
condenser B is forced out by introducing steam, and a vacuum is produced by
injecting water into the same. The extractor A is then put into communication
with the condenser, and the evacuation is continued until a vacuum is likewise
produced in the extractor, and the air as far as possible removed from the latter.
When this is done the reservoir D is put into communication with the extractor A
by turning on the cocks gl and g³, whereupon the solvent contained in the
reservoir D at once flows into the extractor A and impregnates the material
contained in the same.
:
By means of the liquid gauge t it is possible to maintain in the reservoir D the
exact quantity of solvent necessary to extract the fat from the quantity of material
contained in the extractor.
As soon as the reservoir D has become empty which may be recognized by a
whizzing noise produced by the entrance of air, the cocks g¹ and g² are turned off
as well as cock d¹.
The extractor having been thus filled with the solvent is hermetically closed
For this
and heated by the introduction of steam into the steam-jacket A¹.
purpose the steam cock 6' is turned on, and the air is allowed to escape from the
jacket A¹ through the cock:i.
The water of condensation accumulated in the jacket may be drawn off. by

page_text: means of pipe 9 provided with a cock. By heating the extractor the solvent
in the latter is transformed into steam, and the heating is continued until the
pressure gauge indicates a pressure of about 5 atmospheres in the extractor.
The cock is then turned off and the extractor left to itself, until the pressure
in the latter has fallen down to 0-2 atmospheres.
The process of extraction being thus terminated the liquid solvent swims on the
top of the grease in the extractor.
Now commences the separation of the grease from the solvent, which is likewise
carried out in the extractor. For this purpose the pipe his screwed up and the
cocks g¹g are turned on.
By means of the feeble pressure still existing in the extractor the solvent is
forced back into the reservoir D. As the level of the liquid in the extractor falls,
the pipe h is screwed down until its upper end reaches the layer of fat and it may
be recognized at the gauge that particles of fat are drawn over, whereupon cocks
g¹, g, are at once turned off. In this manner the separation of a large part of the.
solvent is easily and rapidly obtained. To secure the free movement of the pipe h
in the extractor the pipe h is enclosed in a perforated tube h¹ extending from the
bottom of the extractor towards the interior of the same. The solvent remaining
in the extractor is evaporated by introducing steam into the steam-jacket A'.
By turning on the cock d' of the pipe d the solvent in form of steam passes
through the latter into the condenser B which has been completely emptied and
hermetically closed before, and where the solvent is condensed by introducing
cold water into the jacket B'. The solvent thus condensed is then again drawn
into the reservoir D by means of pipe r provided with cock r¹.
For this purpose the pump C communicates with the jacket B' by means of
pipe and three-way-cock c³, while the warm water flows out through pipe p.
If water should be drawn over into the reservoir D, such water which owing to
its specific weight occupies the lower part of the reservoir, may be drawn off by
means of pipe 8, which operation may be regulated by observing the level of the
liquid on the gauge-glass t. By means of pipe u provided with cock u the grease
won in the extractor and which is still warm is drawn into the purifier E, where
it is heated by introducing steam into the coil w, and purified by adding a solution
of caustic potash. During this process of purification the last remainders of solvent
are separated and escape through pipe y provided with cock y' into the condenser.
The impurities settle on the bottom of the purifier, and the pure grease may be
drawn off through cocks ¹ in different qualities. The water of con-
densation escapes through pipe z. On the termination of this process the extraction
of glue may at once commence if the material under treatment consists of bones.
All the pipes communicating with the extractor are closed, and by turning on
the cock 63 (see fig 3) steam is introduced into the cylinder m, from which the
steam enters the extractor A through pipe h. When all the glue has been extracted
from the bones, the solution of glue thus obtained is drawn into a cooling vessel by
means of pipe 21 after opening the cock 3, where it is treated in the usual way.
The bones are then removed from the extractor through aperture a¹.
The use of this apparatus has the following advantages.
Firstly the apparatus works with a pure solvent without bringing steam into
contact with the material under treatment, which prevents the combination of
water with the fat.
By utilizing the vacuum the effect of the solvent is greatly increased, and the
required quantity and loss of the same is reduced to a minimum. The separation
of the extracted fat from the solvent is carried out in the most advantageous
manner chiefly by decantation and to a small extent only by means of destillation.
The consequences are great economy of fuel; a larger production of fat, nearly the
whole of the fat being extracted from the bones in this manner. By employing
a combined injecting and surface condenser in combination with a simple water-
pump an air compressor is not required, whereby the drawbacks caused by such
in the working of the apparatus are avoided.

page_text: CLAIMS.
1. The method of extracting grease or fat from bones and other fatty materials
by means of solvents (for fats) capable of being evaporated, which method consists
in producing a vacuum in the extractor, drawing in the solvent by suction,
extracting grease from the material by heating the extractor after having been
hermetically closed, separating or recovering the solvent in the extractor itself
after the extraction of grease, evaporating the solvent remained in the extractor
and finally drawing off the recovered fat into a purifier.
2. An apparatus for extracting grease or fat from bones and other fatty sub-
stances comprising a combination of an extractor A having a steam-jacket A', 1
with a condenser B provided with a cold-water injector and a cooling jacket B',
a reservoir D for the solvent, with connecting pipes d, r, g h and cocks &³,
g¹ or g³.
3. The vertically adjustable inlet-pipe h for the dissolving liquid
૩
4. The combination of the apparatus claimed under (2) with the purifier E; 1
steam coil w, discharge cocks, pipes u and y provided with cocks u¹ and y
The whole substantially as described.
:
In witness whereof I the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki have:
hereunto set my hand and seal this twenty-ninth day of December
A.D. 1882.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI
(L.S.);