Improvements in Machines for Making Pins, Rivets, Chain Studs, and similar Artioles
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 28th May, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 17th Dec., 1595-Accepted, 18th Jan., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Making Pins, Rivets, Chain Studs,
and similar Artioles.
1, CHRISTOPHER MINER SPENCER, residing on Windsor Avenue, Windsor, in
the State of Connecticut, United States of America, Manufacturer of Machinery
and Tools, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to machines for making pins, rivets, chain studs and
similar articles, and especially articles of that class used in sprocket and other
chains commonly known as "chain-studs.".
The object of my invention is, primarily, to furnish a simple and effective
machine for automatically making "two-shoulder" pins, rivets or studs from a rod,
with rapidity and economy, and with a high degree of precision.
In the manufacture of chain-pins, as heretofore practised, it has been customary
to turn down or reduce the opposite ends of the stock or blank to form the shoulders
of the pin, by two successive and separate operations, the stock being first cut away
or reduced at one end to form one shoulder, and then turned end for end and the
operation repeated to form the other shoulder.
By this method it is extremely difficult to form a chain-stud whose opposite ends
are accurate and symmetrical and precisely coincide one with the other, because
the chain-stud made is the result of several operations, and not the result of a single
operation; consequently said pins, rivets or studs will, in practice, vary to some
degree, and said method renders it practically impossible to make the pins, rivets,
or studs with the accuracy desired, and at the same time rapidly and at low cost.
In my present invention I overcome the difficulties in the manufacture of chain-
pins heretofore existing, by providing means whereby both shoulders of the pin,
rivet, or stud, are formed and both ends of the pin are turned down or reduced
simultaneously in their diameter and at one cutting operation, thereby securing
precision in the location of the shoulders and coinciding symmetry and exactness
in the reduced ends of said pin.
In carrying out my invention Lemploy a supporting and feeding mechanism for
the rod which is to be acted upon and from which the pins, rivets or chain studs are
formed. I also employ a cutter head having transverse uprights between which
are slide ways for tool-carrying slides. A cam plate actuated by an arm and cam
wheel gives motion to the transverse tool-carrying slides, causing them to move
simultaneously in the same transverse direction, for alternately operating on the
said rod as the same is periodically fed along by the rod supporting and feeding
mechanism, so that with the movement in one direction, the pin, rivet, or stud, is
formed by a double tenon cutting tool, and the article so formed is severed by the
cutting tool during the movement in the other direction. I employ a power shaft
and one or more cam wheels thereon for actuating the tool-carrying slides and also
for feeding along the rod to be operated upon, and a rotatable shaft and pulley are
employed for either rotating the cutter-head and cutters while the rod remains
fixed, or for rotating the rod while the cutter-head and cutters remain fixed. In
other words, one of these mechanisms is rotated relatively to the other, and it is
not an essential part of my invention whether the rod is held and fed along, and
the cutter head revolves around the rod in performing its functions or vice versa.
Dated this 28th day of May 1895.

page_text: "2
QUMMERTE SPECIEICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Making Pins, Rivets, Chain Studs,
and similar Articles.
1, CHRISTOPHER MINER SPENCER, residing at Windsor Avenue, Windsor, in
the State of Connecticut, United States of America, Manufacturer of Machinery
and Tools, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention relates to machines for making pins, rivets, chain-studs and
similar articles, and especially articles of that class used in sprocket and other
chains and commonly known as "chain-studs."
The object of my invention, is primarily to furnish a simple and effective
machine for automatically making "two-shoulder" pins, rivets or studs, from a rod
with rapidity and economy, and with a'high degree of precision and separating said
'articles from the rod.
In the manufacture of chain-studs, as heretofore practised, it has been customary
to turn down or reduce the opposite ends of the stock or blank; to form the shoulders
of the pin, by two successive and separate operations, the stock being first cut away
or reduced at one end to form'one shoulder, and then turned end for end and the
operation repeated 'to form the other shoulder.
By this method it is extremely difficult to form a chain-stud whose opposite ends
are accurate and symmetrical and precisely coincide one with the other, because
the chain-stud made is the result of several operations, and not the result of a
single operation; consequently said pins, rivets or studs, will in practice, vary to
some degree, and said method renders it practically impossible to make the pins,
rivets or studs with the accuracy desired and at the same time rapidly and at low
cost.
In my present invention I overcome the difficulties in the manufacture of
chain-studs 'heretofore existing by providing means whereby both shoulders of
the pin, rivet or stud are formed and both ends of the pin are turned down or
'reduced simultaneously in their diameter and at one cutting operation, thereby
securing precision in the location of the shoulders and coinciding symmetry and
exactness in the reduced ends of said pin.
In the drawings accompanying and forming part of this Specification,
Fig. 1 is a plan view of a chain-stud making machine embodying my invention,
said figure showing a rod in the position it occupies while being operated upon.
Fig. 2 is a side.elevation of said machine.
Fig. 3 is an elevation of the right hand end in Fig. 2, a portion thereof being
shown in section.
Fig. 4 is a side elevation of a slightly modified form of machine embodying
my said invention.
Fig. 5 is a plan view of the cutter-carrying and traversing mechanism, on an
enlarged scale, said figure showing the stud-forming rod in position and as being
operated upon by a cutter to form a shoulder stud-blank.
Fig. 6 is a sectional plan view of said mechanism, showing the severing or
cutting-off tool in its advanced operating position and the stud-blank forming tool
in its retracted position.
Fig. 7 is a cross sectional view of the tool carrying and traversing mechanism
taken in line a-a, Fig. 5, looking toward the right hand in said figure. Fig. 8
is a similar cross-sectional view of said mechanism taken in line b-b, Fig. 5
looking toward the right hand in said figure.
Fig. 9 is an inverted plan of said mechanism.
Similar characters designate like parts in all of the figures.

page_text: The frame work A, which may be of any suitable construction for carrying
the several operative details of the machine, is shown consisting of the bed B,
supported at its ends by suitable uprights 2 and 3, which may be formed integral
therewith or be secured thereto as desired said uprights being carried upon a
base 4. Journaled in bearings 5 and 51, formed in the uprights 2 and 3 is &
shaft 6, upon which one or more cam wheels, as 7, having suitable cam faces for
operating certain elements of the machine, may be mounted, as will be hereinafter
described, said shaft, in practice, being operated by any usual shaft driving
mechanism (not shown).
Supported at one end of the bed of the machine (shown in the drawings as the
right hand end) is the rod-carrying and feeding mechanism, designated in a
general way by C, and adjacent thereto and located near the opposite end of the
Bed B of the machine, is the tool-carrying and operating mechanism, designated
in a general way by D.
In the drawings I have illustrated the preferred and a modified form of stud-
forming machines, both of which are within the domain of, and embody my
invention.
In the preferred form thereof, shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the rod-carrying and
feeding mechanism C, is shown consisting of two adjacent peripherally grooved
feed rollers 8 and 9, revolubly supported upon studs 10 and 11, secured in an
upright 12, upon the bed of the machine, one of said feed rollers being shown
provided with a ratchet wheel 13, which is operated by a pawl 14, upon a feed
lever 15, pivotally carried at one end upon the stud 11 and in bearing contact at
its opposite end with the cam face 16, of the cam wheel 7, secured to the cam
shaft, said lever being retracted by means of a spring 17, as shown most clearly
in Fig. 2 of the drawings. In this instance, the stud-forming rod, designated
by R, is non-rotatively supported between the feed rollers in position to be
operated upon.
In this connection it should be noted that the particular form of rod-supporting
and feeding mechanism shown in the drawings, constitutes no material part of
my present invention, as any suitable construction and organization of rod-
supporting and feeding mechanism may be employed without departure from my
invention.
In some cases it may be desirable to employ a feeding mechanism embodying
a revoluble rod-carrying spindle, such as illustrated in Fig. 4, of the drawings,
and it is to illustrate the applicability of my improvements to a machine
employing either feed mechanism for rotating the pin-forming rod, or feed
mechanism adapted for holding the rod against rotation, that I have shown the two
forms illustrated, particularly in Figs. 2 and 4.
Again referring to Figs. 1, 2 and 3 of the drawings, the cutter-carrying
mechanism is shown comprising a spindle 18, revolubly supported in bearings
formed in uprights 19 and 191, formed upon the bed of the machine at the left
hand end thereof, a combined tool carrier and rod support carried upon the
forward end of the spindle 18 and designated in a general way by E, which tool-
carrier and rod support will be hereafter termed the "tool-head," one or more
transversely disposed tool-carrying slides, herein shown as two in number, and
designated by 20 and 21, respectively, supported for sliding movement in opposite
directions in said tool-carrying head, a tool-slide traversing cam plate 22, in
operative connection with said slides, and tools carried by said slides in position
and adapted for operating upon the stud-forming rod, as will be hereinafter
more fully described.
As a means for rotating the tool-head E, the spindle 18 thereof will usually be
provided with a pulley 23, which will be driven by a belt (not shown) from any
suitable source of power, and as a means for reciprocating the tool-traversing cam
plate 22, this cam, which is in the nature of a plate having therein obliquely
disposed cam-slots 24 and 24', see Fig. 9, is provided at one end with a
peripherally-grooved hub or collar 25, which is mounted and adapted to slide

page_text: longitudinally upon the spindle 18, and is operated by a shifting device, consisting
of an arm 26, having a bifurcated upper end 27 in engagement with the collar 25,
said arm 26 being connected to a rod 28, sliding in the brackets 19 and 19', the
lower end of said arm having a roller in running contact with a cam face 29,
upon the cam wheel 7, by means of which cam wheel the shifting device is
operated.
In this instance the cutter-carrying head is revoluble and the rod R is held
against rotation, whereas in Fig. 4 this order of things is reversed, the tool-carrying
head being stationary, and the rod being rotatively held.
Referring to the modification shown in Fig. 4, the cutter carrying head L is
shown supported upon the bed of the machine, while the tool-traversing cam
operating mechanism is shown substantially similar to that shown in Fig. 2, with
the exception that the guide-rod 28 for the shifter arm 26, is supported for sliding
movement in a bearing formed in the tool-carrying head instead of in the bearing
formed in the uprights 19 and 191, and the collar 25, is upon a stationary part, the
equivalent to the spindle 18.
The tool-carrying head consists of the bed or main body 30, having a series of
transverse uprights or supports, herein shown as three in number and desig-
nated 31, 32 and 33, the spaces, 34 and 35, between these uprights constitute
slide-ways for the tool, slides 20 and 21 carrying tools adapted for successively
operating upon the stud-forming rod.
As a means for reciprocating the tool-slides, a traversing cam plate 22, is
provided as before stated, which cam plate is supported and slides in a groove
formed in the under face of the body portion 30 of the tool-head E, which cam
plate has parallel, obliquely disposed cam grooves 24 and 24', formed there-
through, as illustrated most clearly in Fig. 9, and through these grooves pass
studs 36, whose threaded ends are screwed into holes formed in the tool slides, and
whose headed ends bear against the under face of the cam 22, as clearly shown in
Figs. 7 and 8.
A rigid support for the rod R, that is in close proximity to and at both ends of
that portion being turned down, or diametrically reduced to form the stud-shoulders
and at each side the cutting path of the turning tool (), is formed by the two
uprights or supports 31 and 32 which are transversely bored to coincide axially with
the stud-forming rod when the same is in position to be operated upon, said bores
being usually provided with bushings 32 and 331, the internal diameters of which
substantially correspond with the diameter of the rod, which rod will, during the
operation, have a working fit therein, and be held against lateral movement thereby.
These bushings will preferably be held in the bores in the supports by screws 321
extending down into said supports, and bearing at their lower ends against said
bushings, as most clearly shown in Figs. 7 and 8.
This means of supporting the stud-forming rod R, in connection with the
particular construction and organization of the turning apparatus, constitutes the
most important factors in the successful production of chain-studs in accordance
with my present invention.
In the method of producing the two-shoulder chain-stud, as carried out by the
machine herein shown and described, only two successive operations are necessary
to complete the stud, that of simultaneously turning down or reducing portions
of the rod to form the two shoulders of the stud-blank, and that of cutting off the
blank so formed from the rod, which last operation completes the stud.
As a means for turning down the rod to form a stud-blank at one operation,
I have provided a cutter or turning tool G. This tool is in the nature of a double-
tenon cutter, it having two coinciding, but preferably oppositely disposed, and
oblique cutting edges e and el, adapted for simultaneously forming two tenon-like
ends upon the blank, the distance between the inner adjacent edges of which
exactly coincides with the distance required between the shoulders f' and f³, of the
completed stud.
In the drawings I have shown the two cutting edges e and e¹ of the cutter G as

page_text: obliquely disposed with relation to the axial line of the rod R which adapts the
cutter to form slightly conical ends f₁ and upon said stud.
This cutter is carried by the slide 20 and is adjustably secured thereto by clamp.
screws 20³ extending through an elongated slot 2011 therein, and is between the two
rod supports 31 and 32 with its two edges slightly remote from the inner faces of
said supports, and is adapted to be moved in the slide-way 34 toward and from the -
rod R, by means of the traversing cam plate 22 in connection with the slide 20, as.
before described. The cutting off tool G'is carried, as before stated, by the slide 21,.
located in the slide-way 35, and will in practice preferably be located at one side
of the path of movement of the stud forming rod opposite to the side upon
which the turning tool G is located. These two tools G and G¹, as will be
understood by reference to Figs. and 6 of the drawings, operate alternately,.
the one G first operating to form a stud-blank, after which, and during the
retraction of the tool G, the one G₁ operates to cut off the completed stud-blank.
from said rod.
The operation of feeding the rod forward into position to be operated upon by
said tools takes place immediately upon the retractive movement of the cutting-off.
tool G and before the turning tool & reaches its cutting position.
When it is desired to revolubly support the rod and employ a stationary
cutter-head mechanism, as illustrated in Fig. 4, any well known form of chuck or
rod-carrying spindle, combined with a feeding device such as used in ordinary
screw-making machines, may be employed, the spindle thereof being provided with.
the usual driving mechanism, and the feed-mechanism being operated by the usual.
cam, as shown in said figure.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven--
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I.
claim is:
1. In a chain-stud making machine the combination with rod-supporting and
feeding mechanism, of a cutter-head through which the rod passes, tool-carrying
slides located transversely in said cutter-head and adapted to operate upon said rod,.
means for simultaneously operating the tool-carrying slides in the same transverse
direction for alternate operation on said rod, whereby the complete article is formed.
and then cut off, and means for rotating one of said mechanisms relatively to the-
other, substantially as set forth.
2. In a chain-stud making machine, the combination with rod-supporting and
feeding mechanism, of a cutter-head mechanism embodying two transverse rod--
supports integral with the cutter-head and through which the rod passes at the-
portion to be operated upon, and between which is the transverse slide-way and
the double-tenon cutter, mounted in the slide-way, and means for actuating the
same for simultaneously turning down the rod at two separate points, and means.
for rotating one of said mechanisms relatively to the other, substantially as.
described.
3. In a chain-stud making machine, the combination with rod-supporting and.
feeding mechanism, of a cutter-head mechanism having two transverse uprights
or supports fixed to the cutter-head and between which is a transverse slide-way,.
said uprights having transverse rod-receiving openings in alignment with each
other, a cutter-slide supported for reciprocation in said slide-way and guided
between said supports, and a cutter-slide traversing cam plate in operative
connection with said cutter-slide, means for actuating the said cam plate, and
means for rotating one of said mechanisms relatively to the other, substantially as
described.
4. In a chain-stud making machine, the combination with rod-supporting and
feeding mechanism, of a cutter-bead mechanism having two transverse supports
fixed to the cutter-head and through which the rod passes at the portion which is
operated upon, and between which supports is a transverse slide-way, a cutter--
slide supported for reciprocation in said slide-way and guided between said

page_text: supports, the cutter carried by said slide and having two separate cutting-edges,
one at each side thereof, adapted for operating simultaneously upon separate
portions of the stud forming rod whereby both ends of a pin are formed simul-
taneously, means for reciprocating said cutter-slide, and means for rotating one of
said mechanisms relatively to the other, substantially as described.
5. In a chain-stud making machine, the combination with the bed of the
machine, of two adjacent feed-wheels for supporting and feeding forward a stud-
forming rod, means for intermittently rotating said feed-wheels, a rotatable
cutter-head having uprights or supports in position for receiving and supporting
that portion of the stud-forming rod which is to be operated upon, a slide-way
being formed between said supports, a reciprocating cutter and a support therefor
intermediate of and guided between said two supports, said cutter serving to
simultaneously turn down separate portions of the rod which is located between
said supports, and means for operating said cutter substantially as described.
6. In a chain-stud making machine, the combination with rod-supporting and
feeding mechanism, of a cutter-head mechanism having three transversely disposed
uprights fixed to the cutter-head and becoming guides, between which are formed
transverse slide-ways, two of said uprights serving to support the rod contiguous
to that portion thereof which is to be operated upon, a double-tenon cutter
supported for reciprocation in one of said slide-ways and serving to simultaneously
turn down the rod at two separate points, and a cutting-off tool supported for
reciprocation in said second slide-way, means for simultaneously reciprocating the
double-tenon cutter and the cutting-off tool, and means for rotating one of said
mechanisms relatively to the other, substantially as described.
7. In a chain-stud making machine, a cutter-head mechanism having two
transversely disposed rod-supports fixed to the cutter-head and supporting a pin-
forming rod contiguous to that portion of said rod which is to be operated upon,
the double-tenon cutter supported for reciprocation intermediate of said supports
and guided between the same and adapted for simultaneously turning down the rod
at two separate points, rod-supporting and feeding mechanism adjacent to said
cutter-head mechanism, means for rotating one of said mechanisms relatively to
the other, a cam in connection with and serving to actuate the cutter, and a cam in
connection with and serving to actuate the rod-supporting and feeding mechanism
to feed the rod, substantially as described.
8. In a chain-stud making machine, the combination with rod-supporting and
feeding mechanism, of a cutter-head mechanism having three transversely-disposed
uprights fixed to the cutter-head and becoming. guides between which are formed
transverse slide-ways, two of said uprights serving to support the rod contiguous
to that portion thereof which is to be operated upon, a double-lenon cutter
supported for reciprocation in cne of said slide-ways and serving to simultaneously
turn down the rod at two separate points, and a cutting-off tool supported for
reciprocation in said second slide-way, a cam mechanism in connection with and
serving to reciprocate the two tools of said cutter-head mechanism simultaneously
in the same transverse direction, for alternate operation, and a cam mechanism in
connection with and serving to actuate the rod-supporting and feeding mechanism
to feed said rod, substantially as described.
9. In a chain-stud making machine, the combination with rod-supporting and
feeding mechanism, of a cutter-head mechanism having three transversely disposed
uprights fixed to the cutter-head and becoming guides between which are formed
transverse slide-ways, two of said uprights serving to support the rod contiguous
to that portion thereof which is to be operated upon, a double tenon cutter
supported for reciprocation in one of said slide-ways and serving to simultaneously
turn down the rod at two separate points, and a cutting-off tool supported for
reciprocation in said second slide-way, a reciprocating cam plate 22, connections
therefrom to the tool-carrying slides, a collar upon the tool-head spindle and
connected to said cam plate, au arm engaging the collar, and a cam for imparting
to the arm a longitudinal motion in opposite directions, whereby the studs are

page_text: formed by the double-tenon cutting tool during the movement in one direction and
are cut off by the cutting tool during the movement in the other direction,
substantially as specified.
Dated this 17th day of December 1895
BREWER & SON,
London and Leeds, Agents for the Applicant.