Year: 1894

page_text: "
Date of Application, 21st Dec., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 13th Sept.. 1895-Accepted, 19th Oct., 1895
We, JOHN MCNEIL, and HUGH WALLACE AITKEN, of the Colonial Iron
Works, Helen Street, Govan, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineers,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows, that is to say :-
Our invention has for its object to improve the construction and operation of
multiple-effect evaporators such as are used for concentrating saccharine or other
solutions.
In carrying out our invention we provide three or other suitable number of
separate compartments which we may arrange horizontally that is side by side, or
vertically that is one over the other, the principal parts of the several compartments
being alike, and the construction being such as in all cases to provide for the
separation of vapor from a large surface of liquid having small depth, whilst
a vigorous circulation of the liquid is maintained.
The casing and internal partitions of our improved apparatus may be constructed
wholly or to a large extent of cast iron in one or more pieces or in plates flanged
and bolted together, wrought iron or steel plates being preferably used for some
parts, or wrought iron or steel may be employed to any desired extent in the
construction.
Each compartment comprises an upper chamber in which the vapor separates
from the liquid the bottom of this chamber being horizontal. This vapor chamber
communicates at opposite sides with nearly vertical spaces which latter communicate
with each other through a number of inclined tubes crossing a space into which
steam is admitted. With this arrangement, a suitable quantity of liquid being
maintained in the apparatus, a vigorous circulation takes place, the liquid descending
one of the nearly vertical spaces, passing through the tubes, ascending the opposite
space, and flowing over the bottom of the vapor chamber.
The chamber under the vapor chamber and which is crossed by the tubes, is
divided by one or more partitions or plates, and the steam enters at one part and
follows a tortuous course to an outlet.
The liquid to be evaporated is supplied to the first compartment and passes in
a partly concentrated state to the second compartment the more concentrated liquid
from which passes to the third compartment from which it is discharged after being
further concentrated. Steam from an external source is admitted to the heating
spaces of the first compartment, the vapor or steam separated from the liquid in
that compartment being admitted to the heating spaces of the second compartment,
and the vapor or steam formed therein being used in the third compartment, whilst
the vapor from this last is drawn off to a condenser.
In one vertical arrangement of the three compartments the fresh liquid and fresh
steam are admitted to their proper spaces in the uppermost compartment, the
liquid and vapor from which next pass into the middle compartment, from which
the liquid and vapor pass into the lowest compartment.
In another vertical arrangement the bottom one is made the first compartment,
the middle one second, and the uppermost one third; and with a suitable pro-
portioning of the parts and with- sufficient condenser power, the suction raises the
liquid from compartment to compartment whilst external communicating pipes for
the steam or vapor are not required, as the vapor from one vapor chamber can

page_text: pass through one or more openings directly into the heating space of the next
higher compartment.
In a third vertical arrangement the liquid is first supplied to the upper-
most compartment, and passes in succession through the middle and lowermost
compartments, whilst the steam or vapor proceeds as in the second vertical
arrangement.
In every arrangement hinged doors are, by preference, fitted to the casings
facing the ends of the tubes in order to give free access for cleaning the tubes.
Dated this Twentieth day of December 1894.
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicants' Agent.
жарыстащуцю і пширно-оцесс vapora гр.
We, JOHN MCNEIL and HUGH WALLACE AITKEN, of the Colonial Iron
Works, Helen Street, Govan, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineers,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say :-
Our invention has for its object to improve the construction and operation of
multiple-effect evaporators such as are used for concentrating saccharine or other
solutions.
In carrying out our invention we provide three or other suitable number of
separate compartments which we may arrange horizontally that is side by side, or
vertically, that is one over the other, the principal parts of the several compartments
being alike and the construction being such as in all cases to provide for the
separation of vapor from a large surface of liquid having small depth, whilst
a vigorous circulation of the liquid is maintained.
The casing and internal partitions of our improved apparatus may be constructed
wholly or to a large extent of cast iron in one or more pieces or in plates flanged
and bolted together, wrought iron or steel plates being preferably used for some
parts; or wrought iron or steel may be employed to any desired extent in the
construction.
Each compartment comprises an upper chamber in which the vapor separates from
the liquid, the bottom of this chamber being horizontal. This vapor chamber
communicates at opposite sides with nearly vertical spaces which latter communicate
with each other through a number of inclined tubes crossing a space into which
steam is admitted. With this arrangement, a suitable quantity of liquid being
maintained in the apparatus a vigorous circulation takes place, the liquid descending
one of the nearly vertical spaces passing through the tubes, ascending the opposite
space, and flowing over the bottom of the vapor chamber. The chamber under
the vapor chamber and which is crossed by the tubes, is divided by one or more
partitions or plates and the steam enters at one part and follows a tortuous course
to an outlet. Steam from an external source is admitted to the heating spaces of
the first compartment, the vapor or steam separated from the liquid in that
compartment being admitted to the heating spaces of the second compartment, and
the vapor or steam formed therein being used in the third compartment, whilst the
vapor from this last is drawn off to a condenser.
And in order that our said invention and the manner of performing the same
may be properly understood, we hereunto append four sheets of explanatory
drawings, to be hereinafter referred to, and showing some modifications of our
multiple-effect evaporators.
Figure, 1, on Sheet, 1, of the drawings is a side elevation of one modification of.

page_text: the evaporator, Figures, 2, and 3, being respectively an elevation and a vertical
section of the middle compartment, as at right angles to Figure, 1.
Figures, 4, and 5, on Sheet, 2, are elevations, as at right angles to each other, of
a second modification.
Figures, 6, and 7, on Sheet, 3, are elevations, as at right angles to each other, of
a third modification.
Figures, 8, and 9, on Sheet, 4, are vertical sections of the middle compartments
of the second and third modifications respectively.
In these drawings the same reference letters and numerals are used to mark the
same or like parts wherever they are repeated.
In all the modifications of the apparatus each compartment, A, B, and C,
comprises an upper chamber, D, in which the vapor separates from the liquid, the
bottom, E, of this chamber being horizontal. This vapor chamber, D, com-
municates at opposite sides with nearly vertical spaces, F, and G, which latter
communicate with each other through a number of inclined tubes, H, crossing a
space, J, into which steam is admitted. With this arrangement a suitable quantity
of liquid being maintained in the apparatus, a vigorous circulation takes place,
the liquid descending one F, of the nearly vertical spaces, passing through the
tubes, H, ascending the opposite space, G, and flowing over the bottom, E, of the
vapor chamber, D. The chamber or space, J, under the vapor chamber, D, and
which is crossed by the tubes, H, is divided by one or it might be more partitions
or plates, K, and the steam or vapor enters at one part, and follows a tortuous
course to an outlet.
In the first modification of the apparatus the liquid to be evaporated is supplied
to the first compartment, A, by a pipe, N, and passes in a partly concentrated
state to the second compartment, B, by a pipe, P, the more concentrated liquid
from which passes to the third compartment, C, by a pipe, Q, from which, after
being further concentrated, it is discharged by a pipe, R, connected to a pump.
Steam from an external source is admitted by the supply valve, L, to the
heating spaces, J, of the first compartment, A, the vapor or steam separated from
the liquid in that compartment being admitted by a pipe, S, to the heating spaces, J,
of the second compartment, B, and the vapor or steam formed therein being led to
the heating spaces, J, of the third compartment, C, by a pipe, T, whilst the vapor
formed in the third compartment, is drawn off by a pipe, U, to a condenser. The
water of condensation in the first compartment discharges through a pipe, V,
whilst that of the second and third compartments discharges through the
pipes, W, and, ✗.
In the second modification the three compartments, A, B, and C, are arranged
vertically that is one over the other and the fresh liquid is admitted to the first
compartment, A, which is uppermost by a pipe, N, and passes by a pipe, P,
(arranged to maintain a proper height of liquid) to the second compartment, B.
The liquid passes from the second compartment by a pipe, Q, to the third com-
partment, C, from which it is discharged by a pipe, R. The steam is admitted to
the first compartment, A, by a supply valve, L, and discharges through an outlet, V.
The vapor or steam separated from the liquid in the first compartment passes by a
pipe, S, to the heating spaces, J, of the second compartment and the vapor or
steam formed in that compartment passes by the pipe, T, to the third compartment
whence it is drawn off to a condenser by a pipe, U. Drain pipes, M, are
provided for draining the juice out of the apparatus; and openings, W, and X,
are provided for draining the water of condensation from the second and third
compartments.
In the third modification which is also a vertical arrangement the bottom
compartment is made the first compartment, A, the middle one the second, B, and
the uppermost one the third, C. In this modification with a suitable proportioning
of the parts and with sufficient condenser power the suction raises the liquid from
compartment to compartment, the liquid being admitted to the first compartment
by a supply valve, N, regulated by a float, Y, and passing from the first to the

page_text: second by a pipe, P, and from the second to the third by a pipe, Q, and is
discharged from the third by a pipe, R, connected to a pump. External com-
municating pipes for the steam or vapor are not required, as the vapor from one
vapor chamber, D, can pass through one or more openings, S, or T, directly into the
heating space, J, of the next higher compartment. The openings, S, and T, are
guarded by perforated baffle plates, Z, to diminish liability of any liquid following
the vapor.
In a fourth modification (not shown) which is arranged vertically the liquid is
first supplied to the uppermost compartment and passes in succession through the
middle and lowermost compartment, whilst the steam or vapor proceeds as in the
third modification.
.
:.
In every arrangement doors, H 1, are fitted to the casings facing the ends of
the tubes, H, in order to give free access for cleaning the tubes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. In a multiple-effect evaporator comprising three or more compartments the
providing of inclined tubes communicating with end spaces which communicate
with an upper evaporating space for the vigorous circulation and heating of the
liquid, in each compartment, substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. Combining the compartments as in any of the modifications hereinbefore
described.
Dated this Seventeenth day of September 1895.
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicants' Agent.