A NEW OR IMPROVED INJECTOR FOR WATER, LIQUIDS, AIR, GAS AND VAPOURS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Beck at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th October 1882. Communicated to
him from abroad by Paul Henry Michaux, Francisque Amédée Michaux, and
Amédée Charles Raingeard, all of Paris, in the Republic of France.
12
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WILLIAM HENRY BECK, of 139 Cannon Street in the City of London,
Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, "A NEW OR IMPROVED INJECTOR FOR
WATER, LIQUIDS, AIR, GAS AND VAPOURS [Communicated to him from abroad by
Paul Henry Michaux, Francisque Amédéo Michaux, and Amédée Charles Raingeard,
all of Paris, in the Republic of France.]
Heretofore apparatuses known under the generic name of Injectors such as those of
Giffard and others have been constructed in such a manner that the direct impact
or vis viva of the jet opens the retaining valve; and it may be observed 'that
instead of placing this valve where the current is slowest, it ought to be placed in
the contracted part of the injection nozzle so as to utilize the maximum vis viva.
The hurtful resistance of the valve could also be reduced by balancing the
pressure by one of the numerous known mechanical means for obtaining that result.
But these two modifications could only diminish the evil; by the present invention
it is entirely suppressed.
According to this. invention instead of using the impact of the jet for
opening the valve, it is opened by transforming the vis viva into an indirect
pressure accumulated by the work of several seconds. The mode of operating is
thus completely modified and results are obtained which have never been given
before by any injector or other similar apparatus.
This apparatus injects gases and vapours by compressing them to a pressure even
superior to the motive pressure. It allows of the compression of cold air without
loss of heat, of the direct feeding of hot air generators, and of collecting the greater
part of the heat carried away by furnace gases.
In order to effect these results the diverging tube or canal of the injector is
replaced by a pressure reservoir or chamber, the valve being placed in any part of
this reservoir or beyond it. This reservoir should be large enough to contain the
quantity of liquid, gas or vapour accumulated during several seconds of time and
Paino 11

page_text: should be so formed that the entering jet does not meet with any obstacle before
being lost in the mass of liquid, gas or vapour in the said reservoir.
Any suitable form may be given to this reservoir such as a simple tube for
example, provided that the capacity preceding the valve is sufficient.
The improved injector is constructed in the following manner.
A cylindrical or other suitably shaped reservoir or chamber which forms a
continuation of the body of the injector, is furnished at its front end with a very
short conical adjutage which receives the injecting nozzle in such manner that the
jet issuing into the reservoir or chamber is dispersed immediately. At the hinder
end is placed in a branch or otherwise the seat of the retaining valve, a pipe
leading therefrom to the boiler or other place into which the liquid, gas or vapour
is to be injected.
This reservoir or chamber may be furnished with a blow off cock and with an
air vessel when it is required to inject liquids.
The part of the injector preceding the nozzle and the nozzle itself not being
altered any existing injecting apparatus can be easily altered into an injector acting
by indirect pressure.
When the diverging tube of injecting apparatuses already
constructed, can be removed, it is replaced by a pressure reservoir or chamber as
above described. And if that offers the least difficulty it will be sufficient to remove
the part carrying the valve, and to act with the stump of the diverging tube, in the
same way as would have been done with the nozzle..
This apparatus admits of the following special applications.
1. Suction and injection of the exhaust steam of steam engines. In order to
effect this it is only necessary to place the cone terminating the suction pipe in the
condensing chamber and to start the apparatus.
A second branch pipe terminating in a reservoir of water enables water, steam,
or a mixture of both to be obtained at will by opening or closing suitably disposed
cocks.
Heretofore there have been no means of injecting steam nor for injecting water
above 95°
2. Feeding hot air generators direct, without loss of heat. All endeavours
hitherto made to utilize air brought to high pressure by means of heat have failed
by reason of the difficulty of feeding air to the air generators but by means of this
apparatus such feeding can be readily effected.
In fact hot air at high pressure can be used for injecting into the generator itself
a considerable quantity of cold air.
3. Direct production of cold compressed air at high pressure. In all existing air
compressors cold compressed air can only be produced by removing at great cost
the excess of heat generated by the compression. The injector forming the subject
of this invention, being an apparatus transforming heat into pressure, air brought
to a high pressure with a great excess of heat can be used as the motive power for
drawing and injecting into a different reservoir atmospheric air so as to obtain a
large but cold mass at tension equal to and even greater than the initial tension.
The mass of air so obtained will be several times as large as that of the motive
mass. The hot air at great tension required as motive power can be obtained
either by mechanical compression or by heating direct. Mechanical compression is
however a very defective means and ought only to be had recourse to when natural
power can be employed for driving the compressors.
Nevertheless as there are already a large number of mechanical compressors in
actual use they may be utilized and their useful effect largely increased by applying
this injector to them in the following way.
Hot compressed air is sent by the compressor into a reservoir well insulated to
prevent loss of heat, and large enough to give a constant flow.
This hot air so stored up is employed as the motive power for the injector.
The circulation of water is replaced by a circulation of air by modifying the pipes
so as to put all the systems in communication with a reservoir into which enters the
*suction pipe of one or more injectors.

page_text: These injectors are therefore driven by hot compressed air and they draw a large
mass of slightly warm uncompressed air, and the whole is transformed into a cold
compressed mass of air. 4. Utilization of a large part of the heat at present lost by
the gases from furnaces by means of an arrangement analagous to that of the feed
water heaters of steam boilers.
For this purpose a first or primary air generator is arranged with a suitable
furnace; and a motive force is thus obtained which enables a large quantity of
cold air to be compressed. This air is sunt into a second generator similar to the
first, and heated by hot gases coming from the first. These gases meeting a fresh
cold surface, give up to it a considerable portion of heat, this heat transforms the
air contained in the generator into a new motive force which allows of a fresh
injection of a much larger mass. These heatings and injections can be continued
until the gases are so cooled that they can no longer give up heat.
This process allows almost all the heat to be transformed into pressure. It is
obvious that instead of employing successive separate generators or boilers, one and
the same boiler divided into distinct compartments may be employed.
Such au arrangement would be applicable to locomotives. 5. The last traces of
heat contained in the gases escaping from a furnace can be transforined into cold
pressure by drawing them out and forcing them in a cold and compressed state into
another reservoir.
These gases contain in themselves a large proportion of hent, and a very small
quantity of motive force, if brought at a great speed, is sufficient to bring about the
desired result.
Even the motion of these gases can be utilized as motive force. In fact by
presenting a large chamber to the shock of the current, the latter is compressed
when conducted into a conical conduit and fills a reservoir to a pressure which
sometimes reaches as much as an atmosphere and a half. These gases at that
pressure are employed as motive force for injecting a large quantity at a superior
pressure.
Special apparatuses may be arranged for the utilization of the total heat of the
furnace gases, by bringing these latter through a cone the bottom of which forms
the suction chambers of one or more injectors. These injectors are worked by a
motive force taken from a small generator placed in the furnace itself.
The chief inconvenience of this manner of proceeding is the smoke, and it is
desirable to employ smoke consuming furnaces and to insert between the injector
and the definitive reservoir a suitable apparatus for cleaning the cold compressed
air which passes through it. This mode of transforming the heat of the furnace
gases into pressure is obviously a‍ means of utilizing the whole or nearly so of the
heat of the gases.
The special feature of this injector which constitutes its superiority, and makes
its radical difference from all such apparatus heretofore constructed, is, that it can
inject liquids of every temperature and density, mixtures of liquids and gases, and
any vapours or gases whatever.