Improvements in Compressors for Refrigerating Apparatus.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Apr., 1897-Accepted, 19th June, 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Compressors for Refrigerating Apparatus.
We, JOHN MUIR and EDWARD ANDREWS MORSE, both of 164 Dearborn Street, in
the City of Chicago, County of Cook, State of Illinois, United States of America,
Gentlemon, and FREDERICK OSCAR PIERSON, of Oskosh, in the County of Winnebago
and State of Wisconsin, United States of America, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to certain improvements in a refrigerating apparatus, the
particular portion of the apparatus to which the present invention pertains being a
pump designed to take the ammonia commonly used in such apparatus in its gaseous
form and compress it to a sufficient pressure so that upon being cooled down, it shall
pass into a liquid form in which shape it is ordinarily discharged into the portion of
the apparatus in which it is designed to effect the cooling or freezing.
The purpose of the invention is to produce a pump which shall work continuously
and rapidly with the ininimum of care or attention and the least possible expense for
repairs.
To such end said invention consists in certain novel features of construction which
will be fully described in detail below and clearly pointed out at the end of this
specification.
The invention is illustrated by means of three figures, of which,
Figure 1 is a central vertical section of the preferred form of my invention in the
plane of the axis of the driving shaft ;
Figure 2 is a vertical section transverse to that seen in Figure 1 and taken in
plane 2-2, of Figure 1, the viow being in the direction of the arrow 2 in the said
figure and
Figure 3 is a horizontal section in plane 3-3, of Figures 1 and 2, the view being in
the direction of the arrow 2 in the said figure.
samo.
Looking at these drawings a hollow casing is seen at A, containing five
openings, a, a, a, a, a, all of which are provided with caps for tightly closing the
The openings, a, a, are closed by caps a, a', in which are formed bearings for
the driving shaft, B, said shaft running in suitable bearing blocks, b, b1, and being
provided with stuffing boxes, b, b, to form a tight joint. The opening, a', is designed
to furnish access to the interior of the lower casing and is covered by a cap or plate, C,
secured. to the casing by means of bolts, c, and nuts, c', so that it may be readily
removed if it should become necessary to reach the parts within. The openings, a, a,
are designed to receive the pump cylinders and are provided with caps, D; D₁, which
are tightly secured to the casing by means of screws, or bolts, d, d'. Those caps are
hollow and are connected by a tubular yoke, E, opening within the caps and itself
having a discharge opening, e.
In the upper portion of the casing is a partition a', extending downward a short
distance within the same and forming together with the outer walls of the casing two
openings, a, a, which are circular in form and have about their margins shoullers, a³, a³,
upon which rest cylinders, F, F', supported by means of corresponding shoulders,f,
The top of each cylinder has an upwardly projecting annular rib, 4, and a valve cap, G,
is fitted to the top of each cylinder and provided with an annular groove, g, upon its
under surface adapted to receive the annular rib upon the corresponding cylinder.
Each of said caps has upon its top a shoulder, g', and each of the caps, D, is provided
with a shoulder d, adapted to rest upon tho shoulder, g', and an underface, d³, adapted
:

page_text: to rest upon the top of the cylinder and the top of tho casing, anitable gaskets being
interposed in all of these joints to prevent leakage. A gasket is also interposed
between the rib,, and tho valve cap, G. It should be noticed that a tight joint is
nade at all of these points by the simple screwing down of the cap, D. Below the
shoulders, a, a, the cylindrical oponings in the main casing are somewhat larger than
the oylinders placed therein, so that an annular chamber, a*, is formed between the
casing and each cylinder. This chambor extends from the top of the cylinder to tho
bottom and at the latter point the cylinder is supported from the casing by means of
inwardly projecting Ings, a". In the top of the casing and at one side thereof is an
inlet opening, a¹³, connected by a passage, a", with oach of the chambers, a*, surrounding
the respective cylinders. The cylinders themselves are open at the bottom and tho gas
is received through the inlet opening, a", from which it oirenlates around the cylinders,
then passes down into the lower interior of the casing and from there up into the
inside of the cylinders. In each cylinder is mounted a piston, H, in which is carried
a pin, I, by means of which a pitman, J, is pivoted to the piston. Said pitman extends
down and is pivoted at the bottom to a crank, b, upon tho driving shaft, B. Each
pitman is made up of two parts, K, K', connected by a union coupling, L, by means
of which the length of the pitman may be varied. Each pitman has at both ends a
pair of bearing blocks, M, M', embracing at one end the pin in the piston and at the
other the crank. Of these blocks, the block, M', is fast upon the end of the pitman
and the block, M, is carried by two pins, m, m³, passing through holes in the block, M',
and secured to a cross-head m³, which confines a coiled spring, m, between it and the
block, M. By means of this spring all wear upon the bearing block is taken up
and the same adjusts itself automatically and preserves an even pressure upon the
bearings.
Into the top of each piston is screwed a valve seat, N, over which is mounted a
valve, N¹, carried by a stem, n, guided by a bridge, n', and drawn downward by
a coiled spring, n³, confined between the bridge, and a nut, n, upon the bottom of
the valve stem. In each of the valve caps, &, is screwed a valve support, O, in
which is guided a valve stem, o, carrying a valve o, fitted to a valve seat upon
the valve cap. The valve, o¹, is pressed downward by a spring, o, resting upon the
top of the valvo and bearing at the opposite end upon the valve support. Both
of the valves N¹, o¹, opon downward as the gas is forced through.
In the lower portion of the casing, which is made tight to confine the gas, is
placed enough oil P, to reach the driving shaft, B, and to thoroughly lubricate the
shaft, oranks, and all the bearings connected thorewith.
In operation our invention is light and easy running. It is self lubricating
because of the oil in the bottom of the casing and self cooling because the gaseous
ammonia direct from the refrigerating apparatus is made to circulate about the
cylinders of the compressor.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :
1. A refrigerator apparatus containing a pump designed to compress ammonia to
transform it from a gas into a liquid, said pump containing a receiving port to
receive the gas and a discharge port to discharge the same under sufficient pressure
to pass to a liquid form when cooled down, a chamber surrounding the pump
cylinder, or cylinders, connected with the receiving port and with said oylinders
whereby the gaseous ammonia is made to pass around and about said cylinders on
its way to the pump; substantially as described.
2. The combination with a pump mechanism having a driving shaft and cranks,
of a tight casing covering said mechanism and adapted to receive and hold oil up
to a point as high as said shaft; substantially as described.
-
The combination with a pitman pivoted upon a crank and having a pair of
bearing blocks embracing said orank, of a spring interposed between one of said
bearing blooks and a support rigidly secured to the pitman, whereby the wear of

page_text: said bearing blocks is automatically taken up and an even pressure maintained upon
the crank; substantially as described.
4. The combination with a pump having a tight enclosing casing of a cylinder
mounted in one end thereof, a valve seat mounted upon the cylinder, a gasket upon
the end of the casing, a gasket upon the end of the oylinder, a gasket upon the valve
seat and a cap enclosing the valve and forming a joint with the casing, said cap
having shoulders adapted respectively to bear upon each of said gaskets; substantially
as described.
D
1100
WALLACE FAIRWEATHER
(Of the Firm of Cruikshank & Fairweather,
Chartered Patent Agents),
62 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicants.