IMPROVEMENTS IN LATHES FOR TURNING AND BORING WOOD AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Toft, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LATHES
FOR TURNING AND BORING WOOD AND OTHER MATERIALS."
Sealed the 11th December 1868, and dated the 13th June 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Toft at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th June 1868.
I, JAMES TOFT, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LATHES FOR TURNING AND BORING WOOD AND OTHER MATERIALS," to
be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the construction of lathes for turning
or manufacturing in an automatic manner from sticks, rods, or blocks
inserted in the lathe articles or bodies of regular and irregular forms,
including wooden boxes, thread spools, or bobbins, tassel moulds, and
other articles or bodies of a hollow or solid character.
The Invention consists, firstly, in a combination in each lathe of a

page_text: grooved rod or revolving shaft with pinion in sliding connection thereon
and arranged to operate a wheel carried by the tailstock, the said wheel
serving to drive several cams that actuate the cutter or cutters and
discharger for completing and discharging the work after it has been
roughed by a die carried by the tail stock in front.
Secondly. The Invention consists in a combination with the tailstock
feeding screw of a wheel or pinion constructed to have a spring-like
action and clutch gearing therewith for breaking the shock on throwing
the feeding screw into gear.
The third and fourth parts of the Invention consist in a combination
of a slotted lever or other slotted or adjustable attachments for operating
, the mandril, so as to effect and regulate the feed of the latter and for
breaking the connection of the same with the driving mechanism in case
of the sticking of the work or other undue resistance.
The fifth part of the Invention consists in a swinging tool holder
carried by the tailstock for dressing or forming the exterior of the
article, being made in combination with certain adjustable devices and a
cam and spring for operating the same.
The sixth part of the Invention consists in a combination of devices or
devices in part with a yielding or breaking coupling pin to sever the
connection of the tool holder with its driving attachments in the event.
of any undue resistance to its tool or tools.
The seventh and eighth parts of the Invention relate to an adjustable
cutter-off to the work, and means for driving or operating the same, and
also for relieving the cutter thereof in case of too severe obstruction to
it during the performance of its work.
The ninth part of the Invention consists of a novel mode of attaching
or securing the roughing die in the tailstock to facilitate the changing
of the said die and the central location of it relatively to the chuck or
mandril.
The tenth part of the Invention consists in such a combination with
the cutter-off and work discharger of the cams which operate these
devices and alternate the action of the tailstock or its roughing die and
independent cutters and levers or devices operated by the said cams, so
that the cutter-off cam through its lever is made to operate the work

page_text: discharger cam to throw back the said discharger after the general
driving motion to the cams has been stopped.
The eleventh part of the Invention consists in an automatic work.
discharger in combination with certain devices for operating the same..
The twelfth part of the Invention consists in a combination of a
notched or toothed bar with a roughing die and independent cutter or
cutters and work discharger for determining the measure of the work
and alternating the action of the roughing die and independent cutters
or the latter and work discharger.
The thirteenth part of the Invention consists in a transversely and
longitudinally adjustable tool holder connected and operating in concert
with the mandril of the tailstock for dressing or forming the exterior of
the article whilst the same is being bored or hollowed out.
On the bed of the lathe are arranged a fixed headstock and sliding
tailstock. The headstock is fitted with a spindle having suitable pulleys,
to either of which power is communicated by a belt from a steam engine
or other prime mover for the purpose of rotating in a continuous or
constant manner an universal screw chuck fitted on to the front end of
the spindle and serving through a belt from a pulley on the said head-
stock spindle to give motion to a pulley on a shaft which carries a cone
of pulleys, from either of which according to the velocity required
motion is conveyed by a belt to one of a series of pulleys arranged on
and serving to drive a second shaft. The screw chuck operates as it
revolves to drive or rotate the stick, rod, or block, which first adjusted
by hand in or against a reducing or roughing die connected with the
tailstock is fed up by the latter until it fairly enters and is taken hold
of by the screw thread of the revolving chuck. The roughing die
which has a stationary or fixed relationship on the tailstock is of a bell
or flaring mouth form in front and furnished with one or more cutters
for reducing or rounding the end of the stick on the advance of the
tailstock towards the headstock, the reduced end of the stick ultimately
projecting through and beyond or in rear of the roughing die for the
formation of the reel or other article to be made, and being successively
so projected each time one of such articles is made and cut off or
discharged for the purpose of keeping up a continuity of the work until
the stick is used up. The roughing die is fitted to its holder or capped
die carrying portion of the tailstock by a circular fit of the die within
its holder and grooved construction of its periphery arranged to fit an
2

page_text: internally projecting circular rib formed on the said holder, whereby
every provision is made for substituting one roughing die for another
and securing the die on screwing down the cap of its holder to occupy
a precise central relationship to the chuck or mandril, or both, of the
lathe. On the second shaft is fitted a clutch capable of sliding thereon
and of rotating with it by means of a groove and feather, which
accordingly as it is slid to the right or left, gears with one or other of two
pinions, the one of which is hung to turn loosely on the second shaft
while the second pinion serves by gear to operate the tailstock feeding
screw and is of a peculiar and hollow construction to break the shock
on putting the feeding screw into action by sliding the clutch to gear
with the said pinion. For this purpose the main or body portion of
the second pinion is made up of segmental or other suitably shaped
cavities, in two or more of which are arranged so as to project beyond
the ends of the said cavities blocks of hard rubber or other firm, but
elastic material, against which projections cast on the inner face of a
loose end or cap plate to the pinion bear and act as drivers on the clutch,
being made to gear with pins fast to the loose plate. The freely hung
pinion on the second shaft gears into a pinion which operates a wheel
that has connected with it a pinion that gears with a wheel fast and
serving as a driver to a longitudinally grooved rod or shaft hung to
rotate in suitable bearings formed at one end in the lathe bed and at the
other end in a bracket or hanger fast to the tailstock, with freedom for
the said hanger bearing in the sliding of the tailstock on the lathe bed
to travel on or along the grooved rod and to carry along with it a pinion
which gears with the grooved shaft or rod by a feather fitting the
groove of the latter and rotating with it. This pinion gears with a
wheel fast to a longitudinally arranged rotating bolt or shaft hung in a
hanger attached to the tailstock. The wheel which rotates carries on
its face cams, while the shaft of the said wheel has arranged on it on
the opposite side of the hanger other cams. If desired a more direct
connection of gear than that here described may be used for
communicating motion from the freely hung pinion to the grooved rod.
The mandril of the tailstock is hung so as to be capable of longitudinal
travel through the latter, but restrained from turning, and carries at its
front end the necessary boring tool, and also when required the end
dressing tool to the article or articles to be made, and has arranged round
it a spring which serves to throw back the mandril when released from
forward action or pressure, as herein-after described. The rear end of

page_text: the mandril may be provided with a screw operating on a rod running
longitudinally through the mandril for the purpose of releasing the
boring tool in front when necessary to remove it. Branching laterally and
connected with the rear end of the mandril by a set screw or otherwise
is a bracket that carries a longitudinally arranged rod which is in gear
with a bracket or vertically slotted adjusting arm therefrom by a slide
adjustable up or down the arm and a slender pin securing the rod to the
slide, so that on any undue back thrust coming on the mandril either by
the work failing to be properly discharged or from any other cause on
the feeding-up of the tailstock or its mandril, the said pin will break and
permit the rod to fly back through the mandril bracket or be disengaged
from gear therewith and so fail to feed or press forward the mandril with
its boring tool or tools. The rod which serves to give to the mandril its
forward feed is connected at its forward end by a screw thread and locking
nut so as to be capable of adjustment with a slotted bar which connects
at its opposite end with a lever working on a fulcrum attached to the
tailstock and slotted to establish its connection with the slotted bar for
the purpose of varying its leverage to adjust the mandril to different feeds
as the work may require, the compound slotted connection of the arm,
slotted bar, and slotted lever admitting of every necessary adjustment to
suit different sizes or kinds of work. This slotted lever has connected
with it a lower arm or leg, on the end of which is a roller that rests.
against and is acted upon by a cam, which in revolving serves to give
forward feed to the mandrel. Another cam which may be generally
described as a disc with a short inclined projection on one face serves
as it rotates to strike and act upon a screw pin carried by a lever on
one side of its fulcrum, also attached by a bracket to the tailstock, and
whereby the said lever through a pin is made to disengage with a notched
or toothed longitudinally sliding bar, which when disengaged is drawn
back by a spring throwing the clutch with which the said toothed bar
is connected by a rod through a lever into gear with the second pinion,
and so setting in motion the tailstock feeding screw; but when the
lever through its pin is in gear with the toothed bar against which it
is horne by a spring and in the forward sliding travel of the tailstock
comes in contact with a tooth in the notched bar, the latter is then
moved forward by the lever or its pin and the clutch released from gear
with the second pinion, thereby stopping the feeding screw and forward
travel of the tailstock, and the gear is established with the freely hung
pinion which sets in motion the several cams for independently feeding

page_text: up the mandril to effect the boring and finishing or dressing of the
article being made and to perform other functions, as herein-after
described, including in due course of time the tripping again of the lever
to set in motion the feeding screw, which latter in operating the tail-
stock causes the necessary reduction to be made on the end of the stick
and such reduced and rounded end to be projected the necessary
distance through the roughing die for the production of a single article,
while the subsequent independent forward travel of the mandril with
its drill operating in concert with other outside dressing tools bores
and finishes the said article, the said mandril afterwards being shot back
by its spring, and the outside dressing tools also releived from action.
Thus the alternate gear of the clutch with the pinions is effected
automatically as described and keeps up a continuity of such independent
actions to the tailstock, and its mandril with the drill and other tool or
tools operating in concert till the stick is worked up into a series of
or toothed bar
successively formed similar articles, the notched
determining the length of the forward travel of the tailstock and proper
period for setting in operation the mandril with its drill and accompany-
ing cutter or cutters, so that to vary the length of the article it will be
necessary to substitute a notched or toothed bar of coarser or finer pitch
to suit. The gear of the tailstock with the feeding screw is established
or broken at pleasure by or through a latch nut on the end of a leg or
arm connected or pivoted to a catch lever which has its filcrum
connected with the tailstock, so that on releasing the said catch lever out
of lock with the lower of two notches made in a catch or holding lever,
having an elastic character by means of a spring, the latch nut is shot
out of gear with the feeding screw by the pull of a spring on the sliding
leg or arm carrying up along with it the aforesaid catch lever, which
only establishes gear of the latch nut with the feeding screw when the
said lever is in lock with the lower notch of the holder. The catch
lever is also connected by a chain with the lever in connection with
the toothed or notched bar, so that on permitting the catch lever to
work upwards free of both notches the pin is tripped out of gear with
the toothed bar, when the latch nut being also out of gear with the
feeding screw the tailstock may be worked by hand backwards or
forwards to any required extent to accomodate a newly inserted stick
by turning a wheel carrying on its shaft a pinion which gears with a
rack fast to the bed of the lathe. The chain however is of such length
that on merely lifting the catch lever out of lock with the lower notch

page_text: of the holder and putting it in lock with the upper notch such motion
simply serves to disengage the latch nut with the feeding screw, but
does not trip the pin of the lever out of gear with the toothed bar, thus
permitting the operator by turning the wheel to feel or try as it were
on commencing on a new stick the action of the cut on the work
without disturbing the automatic action of the whole tool that is
speedily established by depressing the catch lever out of the upper notch
and putting the said lever in lock with the lower notch of the holder.
In the manufacture of spools or bobbins, tassel moulds, or other
articles requiring the exterior portion of the body to be reduced for a
portion of or at certain parts in its length a tool holder is used in
connection with the tailstock, the said holder carrying one or more
tools or cutters arranged to act transversely to the boring tool where the
mandril to form a hollow article carries a hollowing-out cutter. This
tool holder has a swinging connection in or on the tailstock by a
longitudinal rocking bar or shaft along which the tool holder is
adjustable but connected so as to rock with it, the said rocking shaft
resting on or through centres at either end in the tailstock and carrying
a slotted lever to establish an adjustable connection of the tool holder
with another slotted arm or lever through a screw rod and nut, whereby
the tool is made capable of the nicest adjustment as regards the depth
of cut effected by it in the swing of its holder. The arm or lever is
made fast to another rocking shaft, which carries an arm having a roller
on its end which is acted upon by a cam for causing the tool to project
into the reduced end of the stick to form the body of the reel. This
occurs as the boring tool attached to the mandril is by its forward travel
and rotation of the stick making its central hole in the reduced end of
the latter, and as soon as the body of the reel has been thus formed by
the tool the tool holder is thrown back against a suitable stop, which is
done by a spring pulling on an arm or tail secured to the holder as soon
as the cam in revolving ceases to lift on the roller of the arm and allows
of the descent of the latter. To prevent breakage in case of any undue
resistance to the cutter the screw rod has its connection with the
lever established by a slender pin, which breaking releases the said rod
from driving action of it on the tool holder and permits of the said rod
sliding or working without operating the tool holder. To sever the
reel thus made from the reduced end of the stick a cutter-off is brought
into play, which action may take place at the termination of the boring
stroke, or as the boring and body forming tools commence their back

page_text: actions. This cutter-off carrying a cutter has a vertical sliding action
from below, and is worked upwards to effect the severing of the reel by
the action of the cam acting against a roller attached to an arm which is
fast to a shaft carried by the tailstock, the said shaft having connected
with it a slotted arm or lever that is linked by a rod to the
slotted lower extremity of the cutter, so that on the cam coming
round to lift the arm it in raising the latter gives an upward
projection to the cutter to sever the rotating reel, which then drops out
of the way, the cutter-off being shot down or back after having per-
formed its severing stoke by the action of a spring on the shaft which
takes place as soon as the cam ceases to act on the arm and allows the
latter to drop. The adjustable connection of the slotted lever with the
slotted lower extremity to the cutter-off by the rod admits of varying
the length of the cutter-off stroke to suit different sizes of work. The
reel being thus made cut off and discharged the clutch is shifted
automatically as herein-before described to feed forward the tailstock,
and in due course of time such motion being arrested is again shifted to
rotate the various cams to continue the operation as before, and in
which manner a succession of recls is formed till the stick is worked or
used up. As before observed any end dressing tools may be attached to
give a finish to the ends of the reels or other articles being made and
the cutter be variously shaped to give a different profile to the work,
the boring tool being used or not accordingly as the work is required to
be tubular or solid. In making tassel moulds of course no drill or
boring tool is required. The cutter of the cutter-off it is prefered to
make adjustable crosswise of the stick, and also vertically, and to secure
or hold it through a spring acted upon by a set screw so that in case of
meeting with undue resistance from whatever cause in severing the
work it will give in a downwardly direction and so avoid breakage. For
making round wooden boxes and other such like work a somewhat
different construction of certain of the details is required and a separate
discharger or knocker off of the finished work brought into play, but
the general features and actions of other parts remain the same. Thus
instead of the boring-out drill or bit attached to the mandril a slotted
adjustable cutter holder carrying a cutter adjustable in or out in a radial
direction is used for forming the hollow or interior of the box on the
forward projection of the mandril. Instead too of the swinging tool
holder a tool holder connected so as to slide along with the mandril is
used. This tool holder carries cutters for smoothing off the roughly

page_text: rounded portion of the stick or rod projecting through the roughing
die and for forming the rebate in the end of the box. Apart from the
sliding action of these cutters along with the mandril they are also for
the
purpose of nice adjustment of them to the work made separately
adjustable in the direction of the length of the mandril and crosswise to
it by sliding attachments operated by set screws. The hollowing out
cutter and box exterior dressing cutter work in concert on the rounded
end of the stick or rod and are followed up their action by the rebate
cutter. Likewise instead of the cam and its pertaining devices for
operating the swinging tool holder, a cam is substituted and connected
with a toothed wheel. The cam is of the character of a disc with a
notch in its periphery, into which a lever drops or shoots by the action
of a spring when in the rotation of the said cam and on the completion
of the box it is necessary to detach the finished article, which is done by
an adjustable work discharger connected through an arm with the shaft
of the aforesaid lever suddenly shooting forward or against the box by
the action of the spring. This occurs after the box has been formed
and as the severing cutter finishes its work, and here the straight or
flattened portion of the cam which operates the cutter-off comes into
play by causing the spring borne arm to act upon the said flattened
portion to rotate the cams after the driving connection with the toothed
wheel by the sliding of the clutch has been broken and so throw the
lever aforesaid from the notch of the cam and work discharger back to
its normal position. In this way or by a succession of such actions
relatively to the intermittent feed of the tailstock by the screw is the
stick or rod cut up into boxes as required, the general action being
substantially the same as that herein-before described for producing recls.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Toft in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 12th December 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
TOFT, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of June, in the year of

page_text: our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said James Toft, Her special license that I,
the said James Toft, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said James Toft, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LATHES FOR TURNING
AND BORING WOOD AND OTHER MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said James Toft, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Toft, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say) :-
The object of this Invention is the construction of lathes for turning
or manufacturing in an automatic manner from sticks, rods, or blocks
inserted in the lathe, articles or bodies of regular and irregular forms,
including wooden boxes, thread spools or bobbins, tassle moulds, and
other articles or bodies of a hollow or solid character.
The Invention consists, firstly, in a combination in each lathe of a
grooved rod or revolving shaft with pinion in sliding connection thereon
and arranged to operate a wheel carried by the tailstock, the said
wheel serving to drive several cams that actuate the cutter or cutters
and discharger for completing and discharging the work after it has
been roughed by a die carried by the tailstock in front.
Secondly. The Invention consists in a combination with the tail-
stock feeding screw of a wheel or pinión constructed to have a spring-
like action and clutch gearing therewith for breaking the shock on
throwing the feeding screw into gear.

page_text: The third and fourth parts of the Invention consist in a combination
of a slotted lever and other slotted or adjustable attachments for
operating the mandril, so as to effect and regulate the feed of the latter
and for breaking the connection of the same with the driving mechanism
in case of the sticking of the work or other undue resistance.
The fifth part of the Invention consists in a swinging tool holder
carried by the tailstock for dressing or forming the exterior of the
article being made in combination with certain adjustable devices and
a cam and spring for operating the same.
The sixth part of the Invention consists in a combination of devices
or devices in part with a yielding or breaking coupling pin to sever
the connection of the tool holder with its driving attachments in the
event of any undue resistance to its tool or tools.
The seventh and cighth parts of the Invention relate to an adjustable
cutter-off to the work and means for driving or operating the same,
and also for relieving the cutter thereof in case of too severe obstruction
to it during the performance of its work.
The ninth part of the Invention consists of a novel mode of attaching
or securing the roughing die in the tailstock to facilitate the changing
of the said die and the central location of it relatively to the chuck or
mandril.
The tenth part of the Invention consists in such a combination with
the cutter-off and work discharger of the cams which operate these
devices and alternate the action of the tailstock or its roughing die
and independent cutters and levers or devices operated by the said
cams so that the cutter-off cam through its lever is made to operate
the work discharger cam to throw back the said discharger after the
general driving motion to the cams has been stopped.
The eleventh part of the Invention consists in an automatic work
discharger in combination with certain devices for operating the
same.
The twelfth part of the Invention consists in a combination of a
notched or toothed bar with a roughing die and independent cutter or
cutters and work discharger for determining the measure of the work
and alternating the action of the roughing die and independent cutters
or the latter and work discharger.

page_text: The thirteenth part of the Invention consists in a transversly and
longtitudinally adjustable tool holder connected and operating in concert
with the mandril of the tailstock for dressing or forming the exterior
of the article whilst the same is being bored or hollowed out.
Having thus specified the object and nature of the Invention, its
description will be proceeded with in reference to the Figures on the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters of reference
marked thereon.
Figure 1 represents a longitudinal sectional elevation of a lathe or
tool constructed in accordance with the Invention as fitted for turning
thread spools and shewing the same as operating on a stick or rod to
produce such articles; Figure 2, a plan of such lathe or tool; Figure 3,
a vertical transverse section of the same through the line "u, u, in
Figure 1; Figure 4, a similar view through the line v, v, in Figure 1
looking in the direction of the arrow w; Figure 5, a vertical transverse
section through the line x, x, in Figure 1, looking in the direction of the
arrow y; Figure 6, a partly sectional longitudinal elevation taken
mainly as indicated by the line z, z, in Figure 5 and viewed as indicated
by the arrow in the said Figure 5; Figure 7, a plan in part of the tail
stock portion as fitted for turning round wooden boxes; and Figure 8,
a vertical transverse section through the line o, o, in Figure 7 scen
as denoted by the arrow in the latter Figure; Figure 9 is an end view
of devices or attachments to the outer end of the mandril for operation
in connection with the lever which operates the mandril; and Figures
10, 11, and 12 represent views of detached parts making up a hollow
gear wheel or pinion which is driven by a clutch to set in motion the
main feeding screw.
On the Sheet of Drawings A represents the bed of the lathe, on which
are arranged a fixed headstock B and sliding tailstock C. The headstock
is fitted with a spindle D having suitable pulleys E, F, to cither of
which power is communicated by a belt from a steam engine or other
prime mover for the purpose of rotating in a continuous or constant
manner a universal screw chuck G fitted into the front end of the
spindle and serving through a belt from a pulley H on the said headstock
spindle to give motion to a pulley I on a shaft J which carries a cone
of pulleys K, from either of which, according to the velocity required,
inotion is conveyed by a belt to one of a series of pulleys L arranged on
and serving to drive a shaft M. The screw chuck g as it revolves

page_text: drives or rotates the stick or rod N, which first adjusted by hand in or
against a reducing or roughing die O connected with the tailstock is
fed up by the latter until it fairly enters and is taken hold of by the
screw thread of the revolving chuck G. The roughing die O which has
a stationary or fixed relationship on the tailstock is of a bell or flaring
mouth form in frout and furnished with one or more cutters a for
reducing or rounding the end of the stick on the advance of the tail-
stock C towards the headstock B, the reduced end of the stick ultimately
projecting through and beyond or in rear of the roughing die for the
formation of the reel or other article to be made, and being successively
so projected each time one of such articles is made and cut off or
discharged for the purpose of keeping up a continuity of the work until
the stick is used up. The roughing die O is fitted to its holder or
capped die carrying portion of the tailstock by a circular fit of the
die within its holder and grooved construction of its periphery arranged
to fit an internally projecting circular rib formed on the said holder, as
represented in Figure 1, whereby every provision is made for substituting
one roughing die for another and securing the die on screwing down
the cap of its holder to occupy a precise central relationship to the
chuck, or mandril, or both of the lathe. On the shaft M is fitted a
clutch P capable of sliding thereon and of rotating with it by means of
a groove and feather, which clutch, accordingly as it is slid to the right
or left, gears with one or other of two pinions Q, R, the one R of which
is hung to turn loosely on the shaft M, while the other pinion Q serves
by gear b and c to operate the tailstock feeding screw S, and is of a
peculiar and hollow construction to break the shock on putting the
feeding screw into action by sliding the clutch P to gear with the said
pinion. For this purpose the main or body portion of the pinion Q
is made up of segmental or other suitably shaped cavities, in two or
more of which are arranged so as to project beyond the ends of the
said cavities blocks d, Figures 10, 11, and 12, of hard rubber or other firm
but elastic material, against which projections e cast on the inner face
of a loose end or cap platef to the pinion bear and act as drivers on
the clutch P, being made to gear with pins g fast to the loose plate f.
The freely hung pinion R on the shaft M gears into a pinion h, which
operates a wheel i which has connected with it a pinion; which gears
with a fast whcel k and serving as a driver to a longtitudinally grooved
rod or shaft T hung to rotate in suitable bearings formed at one end in

page_text: the lathe bed and at the other end in a bracket or hanger 1, Figure 4,
fast to the tailstock C, with freedom for the said banger bearing in
the sliding of the tailstock on the lathe bed to travel on or along the
grooved rod T and to carry along with it a pinion m which gears with
the grooved shaft or rod T by a feather fitting the groove of the latter
and rotating with it. This pinion 'm gears with a wheel n fast to a
longtitudinally arranged rotating bolt or shaft p, Figure 1, hung in a
hanger attached to the tailstock. The wheel N, which rotates as
indicated by the arrow r, carries on its face cams U, V, while the shaft p
of the said wheel has arranged on it on the opposite side of the hanger q
other cams W, X. If desired a more direct connection of gear than
that here described may be used for communicating motion from the
freely hung pinion R to the grooved rod T. The mandril Y of the
tailstock is hung so as to be capable of longtitudinal travel through
the latter but restrained from turning, and carries at its front end the
necessary boring tool and also when required the end dressing tool to
the article or articles to be made, and has arranged round it a spring Z
which serves to throw back the mandril when released from forward
action or pressure, as hercin-after described. The rear end of the
mandril may be provided with a screw operating on a rod running
longtitudinally through the mandril for the purpose of releasing the
boring tool in front when necessary to remove it. Branching laterally
and connected with the rear end of the mandril by a set screw or
otherwise is a bracket a¹ that carries a longtitudinally arranged rod b',
which is in gear with the bracket or vertically slotted adjusting arm c¹
therefrom by a slide adjustable up or down the arm c¹ and a slender
pin d', Figure 2, securing the rod b¹ to the slide, so that on any undue
back thrust coming on the mandril either by the work failing to be
properly discharged or from any other cause on the feeding up of the
tailstock or its mandril the said pin will break and permit the rod b
to fly back through the mandril bracket or be disengaged from gear
therewith and so fail to feed or press forward the mandril with its
boring tool or tools. The rod 6' which serves to give to the mandril
its forward feed is connected at its forward end by a screw thread and
locking nut so as to be capable of adjustment with a slotted bar e,
which connects at its opposite end with a lever A' working on a fulcrum
as at fattached to the tailstock and slotted to establish its connection
with the slotted bar e¹ for the purpose of varying its leverage to adjust

page_text: the mandril to different feeds as the work may require, the compound
slotted connection of the arın c¹, slotted bar e', and slotted lever A'
admitting of every necessary adjustment to suit different sizes or kinds of
work. This slotted lever A' has connected with it a lower arm or
leg g', on the end of which is a roller that rests against and is acted
upon by the cam X, which in revolving serves to give forward feed to
the mandril. Another cam W, which may be generally described as a
disc with a short inclined projection on one face, serves as it rotates to
strike and act upon a screw pin carried by a lever B' on one side of
its fulcrum, also attached by a bracket to the tailstock, and whereby
the said lever B¹ through a pin is made to disengage with a notched
or toothed longtitudinally sliding bar C, which when disengaged is drawn
back by a spring throwing the clutch P with which the said toothed
bar is connected by a rod a through a lever D₁ into gear with the
pinion Q, and so setting in motion the tailstock feeding screw S; but
when the lever B' through its pin j¹ is in gear with the notched bar C¹
against which it is borne by a spring and in the forward sliding
travel of the tailstock comes in contact with a tooth in the notched
bar C the latter is then moved forward by the lever or its pin j' and
the clutch P released from gear with the pinion Q, thereby stopping the
feeding screw S and forward travel of the tailstock, and the gear is
established with the freely hung pinion R which sets in motion the
several cams U, V, W, X, for independently feeding up the mandrit Y
to effect the boring and finishing or dressing of the article being made,
and to perform other functions, as herein-after described, including in
due course of time the tripping again of the lever B' to set in motion
the feeding screw, which latter in operating the tailstock causes the
necessary reduction to be made on the end of the stick, and such reduced
and rounded end to be projected the necessary distance through the
roughing die O for the production of a single article, while the subsequent
independent forward travel of the mandril with its drill operating in
concert with other outside dressing tools bores and finishes the said
article, the said mandril afterwards being shot back by its spring and
the outside dressing tools also relieved from action. Thus the alternate
gear of the clutch P with the pinions Q, R, is effected automatically as
described, and keeps up a continuity of such independent actions to the
tailstock and its mandril with the drill and other tool or tools operating
in concert till the stick is worked up into series of successively formed

page_text: on releasing the said
similar articles, the notched or toothed bar C¹ as will readily be perceived
determining the length of the forward travel of the tailstock and proper
period for setting in operation the mandril with its drill and accom-
panying cutter or cutters, so that to vary the length of the article it
will be necessary to substitute a notched or toothed bar Ci of coarser
or finer pitch to suit. The gear of the tailstock with the feeding
screw S is established or broken at pleasure by or through a latch nut E¹
on the end of a leg or arm m³, connected or pivotted as at n¹ to a catch
lever F which has its fulcrum o' connected with the tailstock, so that
catch lever F¹ out of lock with the lower of two
notches q',, made in a catch or holding lever G' having an elastic
character by means of a spring p' the latch nut E' is shot out of gear
with the feeding screw S by the pull of a spring on the sliding leg
or arm m³, carrying up along with it the catch lever F¹, which only
establishes gear of the latch nut with the feeding screw S when the
said lever is in lock with the lower notch q¹ of the holder. The catch
lever F is also connected by a chain with the lever B' on the opposite
side of its fulcrum to that of the pin ", so that on permitting the
catch lever F to work upwards free of both notches q',, the pin is
tripped out of gear with the toothed bar C', when the latch nut E' being
also out of gear with the feeding screw S the tailstock C may be worked
by hand backwards or forwards to any required extent to accommodate
a newly inserted stick by turning a wheel H' carrying on its shaft u¹ a
pinion which gears with a rack I' fast to the bed of the lathe. The
chain however is of such length that on merely lifting the catch
lever F out of lock with the lower notch q¹ of the holder G¹ and putting
it in lock with the upper notch such motion simply serves to disengage
the latch nut E' with the feeding screw S, but does not trip the pin j¹ of
the lever B¹ out of gear with the toothed bar C¹, thus permitting the
operator by turning the wheel H' to feel or try as it were on commencing
on a new stick the action of the cut on the work without disturbing
the automatic action of the whole tool, which is speedily established by
depressing the catch lever F¹ out of the upper notch and putting the
said lever in lock with the lower notch q¹ of the holder G¹.
In the manufacture of spools or bobbins, tassel moulds, or other
articles requiring the exterior portion of the body to be reduced for a
portion of or at certain points in its length, a tool holder I', Figure 2,
is used in connection with the tailstock, the said holder carrying one

page_text: as
or more tools or cutters 20¹ arranged to cut transversely to the boring.
tool where the mandril to form a hollow article carries a hollowing out
cutter. This tool holder I as represented in Figure 2 carries a tool w¹
suitable for making reels when pressed against the reduced end of the
stick or rod and cutting into the latter to form the reel body. The
said tool holder I has a swinging connection in or on the tailstock
by a longtitudinal rocking bar or shaft 6, along which the tool holder
is adjustable, but connected so as to rock with it, the said rocking, shaft
6' resting on or through centres at either end in tailstock and
carrying a slotted lever to establish an adjustable connection of the
tool holder with another slotted arm or lever & through a screw. rod
e and nut, whereby the tool to¹ is made capable of the nicest adjustment
as regards the depth of cut effected by it in the swing of its holder.
The arm or lever is made fast to another rocking shaft f which
carries an arm g' having a roller on its end, which in the rotation of
the wheel n which only takes place when the feeding screw is at rest
is acted upon by a cam V for causing the tool w¹ to project into the
reduced end of the stick to form the body of the reel. This occurs.
the boring tool attached to the mandril Y is. by its forward travel
and rotation of the stick making its central hole in the reduced end
of the latter, and as soon as the body of the recl has been thus formed
by the tool w the tool holder I is thrown back against a suitable
stop, which is done by a spring h² pulling on an arm or tail secured to
the holder as soon as the cam V in revolving ceases to lift on the
roller of the arm g' and allows of the descent of the latter. To prevent
breakage in case of any undue resistance to the cutter wo', the screw
rode has its connection with the lever established by a slender pin
xt, which breaking releases the said rod from its driving action on the
tool holder and permits of the said rod sliding or working without
operating the tool holder. To sever the reel thus made from the
reduced end of the stick a cutter-off is brought into play, which action
may take place at the termination of the boring stroke or as the boring
and body forming tools commence their back actions. This cutter-off
J' carrying a cutter has a vertical sliding action from below and is
worked upwards to effect the severing of the reel by the action of the
cam U acting against a roller attached to an arm which is fast to
a shaft carried by the tailstock, the said shaft having connected
with it a slotted arm or lever K linked by a rod L' to the slotted
R

page_text: lower extremity of the cutter J', so that on the cam U coming round
to lift the arm it in raising the latter gives an upward projection
to the cutter to sever the rotating reel which then drops out of the
way, the cutter-off J' being shot down or back after having performed
its severing stroke by the action of a spring M on the shaft, which
takes place as soon
as the cam U ceases to act on the arm and
allows the latter to drop. The adjustable connection of the slotted
lever K with the slotted lower extremity to the cutter-off J¹ by the
rod L' admits of varying the length of the cutter-off stroke to suit
different sizes of work. The reel being thus made cut off and discharged
the clutch P is shifted automatically, as herein-before described, to feed
forward the tailstock, and in due course of time such motion being
arrested is again shifted to rotate the cams U, V, W, X, to continue the
operation as before, and in which manner a succession of reels is formed
till the stick is worked or used up. As before observed any end dressing
tools may be attached to give a finish to the ends of the reels or other
articles being made, and the cutter w¹ be variously shaped to give a
different profile to the work, the boring tool being used or not according
as the work is required to be tubular or solid. In making tassel moulds
of course no drill or boring tool is required. The cutter of the cutter-
off it is preferred to make adjustable crosswise of the stick and also
vertically and to secure or hold it through a spring m² acted upon by
a set screw n³, so that in case of meeting with undue resistance from
whatever cause in severing the work it will give in a downwardly direction
and so avoid breakage.
For making round wooden boxes and other such like work, a somewhat
different construction of certain of the details is required and a separate
discharger or knocker out of the finished work brought into play, but
the general features and actions of other parts remain the same. To
explain these changes reference will have to be made more particularly
to Figures 7 and 8. Instead of the boring out drill or bit attached to
the mandril Y a slotted adjustable cutter holder N' carrying a cutter
adjustable in or out in a radial direction is used for forming the hollow
or interior of the box on the forward projection of the mandril. Instead
too of the swinging tool holder I² a tool holder O¹ connected so as to slide
along with the mandril is used. This tool holder carries cutters 8², ², for
smoothing off the roughly rounded portion of the stick or rod projecting
through the roughing die O and for forming the rebate in the end of

page_text: rebate cutter u³.
the box. Apart from the sliding action of these cutters 8, u², along
with the mandril they are also for the purpose of nice adjustment of
them to the work made separately adjustable in the direction of the
length of the mandril and crosswise to it by sliding attachments operated
by set screws p², q. The hollowing out cutter and box exterior
dressing cutter & work in concert on the rounded end of the stick or
rod, as shewn in Figure 7, and are followed up in their action by the.
Likewise instead of the cam V and its pertaining
devices for operating the swinging tool holder I or cam P' is substituted
and connected with the toothed wheel n. The cam P' is of the character
of a disc with a notch in its periphery, into which a lever Q' drops
or shoots by the action of a spring a when in the rotation of the said
cam, and on the completion of the box, it is necessary to detach the
finished article, which is done by an adjustable work discharger R¹
connected through an arm with the shaft of the aforesaid lever Q
suddenly shooting forward or against the box by the action of the
spring a. This occurs after the box has been formed and as the
severing cutter finishes its work, and here the straight or flattened
portion of the cam U which operates the cutter-off comes into play by
causing the spring borne on to act upon the said flattened portion to
rotate the cams after the driving connection with the toothed wheel n
by the sliding of the clutch P has been broken, and so throw the lever
Q' from the notch of the cam P and work discharger back to its
normal position. In this way or by a succession of such actions
relatively to the intermittent feed of the tailstock by by screw S is
the stick or rod cut up into boxes as required, the general action
being substantially the same as that herein-before described for producing
reels.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to
be understood that I claim,-
First. The combination of the grooved rod or shaft T, pinion m sliding.
thereon, and wheel n carrying or operating the several cams connected
with the tailstock for operating the cutters or cutters and discharger
carried by the tailstock and for action in concert with a roughing die O,
substantially as specified.
Secondly. The wheel or pinion Q constructed to have a spring-like
action, as described, in combination with the clutch P and feeding screw $

page_text: for operation together and in connection with the tailstock of the lathe,
as herein set forth.
Thirdly. The combination with the mandril Y and slotted lever A¹
of the bracket a¹ with its slotted arm c¹, screw rod 6' connected therewith,
and slotted bar e¹ for action in concert, as specified.
Fourthly. The combination with the mandril Y of the rod 6' coupled
to move in concert therewith by a cross pin d', essentially as and for the
purpose herein set forth.
Fifthly. The swinging tool holder I in combination with the slotted
arms or levers c, d, screw rod e², arm g², cam V, and spring h² for
operation together, as described.
Sixthly. The combination with the tool holder I², arms or levers c², d²,
and rod e' for operating the said holder of the cross pin a, essentially
as and for the purpose herein set forth.
Seventhly. The slotted or adjustable cutter-off J¹ with its cutter 22
operated by the slotted lever K' and rod L or their equivalents in
combination with the lever, cam U, and spring M', substantially as
specified.
Eighthly. In combination with the adjustable cutter off J', cutter
, and spring m² with its adjusting screw n³.
Ninthly. The roughing die O when fitted by grooved connection in
or with the front of the tailstock, essentially as described and shewn in
Figure 1 of the Drawing.
Tenthly. In combination with the cutter-off J' and work discharger
R¹, the cams U and P¹ with their levers and Q' for action in concert
with cam W and devices operated thereby for establishing and
breaking the connection with the notched bar C¹.in such manner as
that the arm acting on the cam U is made to throw the cam P' so
as to lift its lever Q out of gear with it after the driving connection
to the several cams, by or through the grooved rod T has been broken,
substantially as described.
Eleventhly. The automatic work discharger or knocker out R' in
combination with the cam U and spring a³ to the lever Q₁ for operation,
as specified.
Twelfthly. The notched or toothed. bar C₁ in combination with a
mechanism for alternating the motion. to the tailstock or roughing
die O thereof and independent cutters or cutters and work discharger

page_text: connected with the tailstock and for determining the measure of the
work to be done, essentially as herein set forth.
Thirteenthly. The longitudinally and transversely adjustable tool
holder O¹ in combination and for action in concert with the indepen-
dently sliding mandril Y of the tailstock, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Toft, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named James Toft in the
presence of
G. SEPTIMUS HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
JAMES TOFT. (L.S.)