Improvements in Crushing and Grinding Machines or Mills for Cement and other Hard Substances.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Crushing and Grinding Machines or Mills for
Cement and other Hard Substances.
We, GEORGE TAYLOR, of No. 9, Kensing Road, Westcombe Park, Greenwich,
Engineer, and JABEZ HOLLICK, of No. 3, Coleraine Road, Blackheath, in the
County of Kent, Cement Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
The present invention has reference to certain improvements in crushing and
grinding machines or mills for cement and other hard substances. The main
object of the invention is to provide a means whereby rollers of comparatively
small size and weight may be employed as effectively as larger and heavier ones.
We attain this main object of our invention by employing a spring or springs
under compression, the power of which is brought to bear upon the grinding
rollers with a certain pressure, which may be regulated at will, and thus make
up for the deficiency in the weight of the said rollers.
In carrying our invention into practice, the rollers are mounted over the pan
as usual upon horizontal spindles radiating from a central rotating shaft. At
the top of this central shaft and bearing with a certain pressure thereon is a
spring, or may be more than one spring.
Above the spring is the top of a frame which may be supported by either vertical
pillars from the ground or from hanging-bearings from the ceiling or roof of
the mill building. The said frame or bearings support a shaft having a screw
worm on each end, and gearing with these two worms are toothed wheels, having
un their faces each a cam mounted eccentrically to the centre about which the
said toothed wheels revolve. The edge of these eccentric cams bears against
the spring so that on rotating the cams by means of a crank handle on the worm
shaft any desired power can be applied to the spring or springs in contact with
them and the power thus imparted to the spring will be transmitted as a certain
pressure upon the top of the main central shaft, and thence through a fixed
collar thereon also to the rollers through their axles.
In order that the downward pressure thus exerted on the rollers shall be
equally distributed over their axles, the bearings supporting the axles are con-
nected with or surmounted by a revolving frame having a number of radiating
arms corresponding to the number of axles employed.
The centre-boss of the said frame is the portion pressed on by the collar fixed
to the central main shaft.
A second such collar may also be provided if found desirable or necessary,
having arms extending out laterally from the said collar over the arms of the
frame, their outer extremities terminating either in the frame, over the centre
of the rollers, or in the frame at the extremity of its arms.
A second object of the invention is to provide against any of the material being
ground or water getting into the central bearing. It is found in practice that
with the mills as ordinarily constructed, some of the material undergoing

page_text: grinding gets gradually worked in the form of fine grains along with water
into the bearing, and being of a gritty nature it seriously damages the bearing
by the grinding action set up, wearing it away prematurely.
pan,
In order to obviate this difficulty, we provide around the central hole in the
which hole forms the bearing surface of the pan around the central main shaft,
a circular flange standing upright from the surface of the pan and over this
flange and fitting closely around it and a portion of the main shaft above it, we
place a hemispherical cap or cover-block, so that before any grit could get into
the hearing it would have to first get underneath the cover-block then mount
the said upright flange, or else mount the convex outer surface of the cover-block
and drop down between it and the spindle; both almost insurmountable obstacles.
Should however some happen to escape through on to the bearing it would be
worked downwards by gravity and by the rotary action of the shaft and would
thence under ordinary circumstances drop on to the bearing of the mitre-wheel
below which communicates the power from the motor or engine to the main
shaft; but in order to prevent this occurring, we place a conical guard base
downwards around the shaft between the bottom of the pan and the bearing of
the mitre-wheel, so that any such matter would fall on to and be deflected by
such cone into any suitable tray which may be merely a curved up rim around
the bottom edge of the said cone.
In order that the pressure exerted upon the main shaft by the spring or
springs at its upper end, shall not be transmitted to the driving gear or mitre
wheel, we provide the boss of the latter with slots or key ways and in the said
key ways we place keys or splines, so that the shaft has free vertical movement
and is carried round by the splines.
Dated the 9th day of February 1808
PHILLIPS & LEIGH,
Agents for the Applicants.
Improvements in Crushing and Grinding Machines or Mills for
Cement and other Hard Substances.
We, GEORGE TAYLOR, of No. 9, Kensing Road, Westcombe Park, Greenwich,
Engineer, and JABEZ HOLLICK, of No. 3, Coleraine Road, Blackheath, in the
County of Kent, Cement Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement: -
The present invention has reference to certain improvements in crushing and
grinding machines or mills for cement and other hard substances.
The main object of the invention is to provide means whereby rollers of
comparatively small size and weight may be employed as effectively as larger
and heavier ones.
We attain this main object of our invention by employing a spring or springs
under compression, the power of which is brought to bear upon the grinding
rollers with a certain pressure, which may be regulated at will, and thus make
up for the deficiency in the weight of the said rollers.
We will now describe our invention by the aid of the accompanying drawings
illustrating the same, and in which :—
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation through રી grinding mill fitted with our
improvements.

page_text: Figure 2 is a sectional plan of the hub of one of the driving mitre-wheels, taken
on line 2-2 of Figure 1.
In carrying our invention into practice, the grinding rollers a are mounted
over the pan as usual upon horizontal axles c supported in bearings c radiating
from a central vertical shaft d, the said shaft passing through and projecting
above and below beyond the mill proper as shown. At the top of this central
shaft and bearing with a certain pressure thereon is a spring e.
This spring
is preferably a form of the leaf type as shown, but obviously we might vary
the type of spring at will without departing from our invention, the modifications
necessary to enable other forms of springs to be employed being so slight, in
fact a mere matter of constructional detail that could be carried out by any
skilled workman without involving any invention on his part. For example,
assuming we wished to employ spiral or helical springs instead of the leaf-spring
shown in this drawing, a ready method would be to fix the springs vertically
between two flat plank-like pieces of the necessary length, and place a metal
strap around the middle to embrace both planks or plates, the bottom of the said
strap having a recess in it to fit a corresponding projection on the end of the
shaft to prevent any possible lateral movement. Further, there may be more
than one spring or set of springs if required.
Above the said spring are bearings or the top of a frame f, f', which may be
supported by either vertical pillars from the ground or by hanging brackets from
the ceiling or roof of the mill building; the said frame or bearings f, fl support
a horizontal shaft g having a screw worm h h¹ on each end, and gearing with
these two worms are toothed wheels i, i¹, having on their faces each a disc-
cam eccentrically situated as regards the centre about which the said toothed
wheel revolves. The edge or periphery of these eccentric cams j, j bears
against the ends of the spring e beneath, so that on rotating the cams j, j by
means of a crank handle on or connected with the worm shaft g, any desired
power can be applied to the spring e or springs in contact with them, and the
power thus imparted to the said spring will be transmitted as a certain pressure
upon the top of the main central or driving shaft d, and thence, through a fixed
collar thereon, also to the rollers a through their horizontal axles c.
The central driving shaft d extending, as before stated, through and above
and below beyond the mill proper, enables us to place the plummer-block
bearings,, which support its ends, entirely outside the mill also, which is
considerably advantageous, as with the usual neck-bearing located within the
mill, both the said bearing and the part of the shaft within it, get unduly worn
away, owing to particles of gritty dust from the substance being ground getting
into the bearing liner and by the rotary motion co-acting on both bearing and
shaft, wearing them away prematurely. These external bearings 1, 1, 12 enable
us also to do away entirely with any neck or other like bearing within the mill,
and they thus constitute an important feature in our invention.
In order that the downward pressure exerted by the spring e above on the
rollers a shall be equally distributed over their axles c. the bearings c¹ supporting
the said axles may be connected with or surmounted by a revolving frame m
having a number of radiating arms corresponding to the number of axles employed.
The central boss or hub o of the said frame m is the portion pressed on by
the collar fixed to the vertical driving or main shaft d. A second such collar
may also be provided if found desirable or necessary, having arms extending
out laterally from the said collar over the arms of the frame, their outer extremities
terminating either in the frame over the centre of the grinding rollers a or in
the frame at the extremity of its arms. Such an arrangement is represented by
dotted lines in Figure 1.
A second object of the invention is to provide against any of the material being
ground or water getting into the central bearing 11. It is found in practice that
with the mills as ordinarily constructed, some of the material undergoing grinding

page_text: gets gradually worked in the form of fine grains along with water into the said
bearing, and being of a gritty nature it seriously damages the bearing by the
grinding action set up, wearing it away prematurely.
In order to obviate this difficulty, we provide around the central hole q in the
pan, which hole g occupies the place of the usual bearing surface of the pan
around the central main shaft d, a circular flanger standing upright from the
surface of the pan b and over this flanger fitting closely around it and the portion
of the main shaft d immediately above it, we place a hemispherical cap or cover-
blocks, so that before any grit could get into the said bearing it would have
to first get underneath the cover-blocks then mount the said upright flanger,
or else mount the convex outer surface of the cover-blocks and drop down
between it and the shaft d; both almost insurmountable obstacles. Should how-
ever some happen to escape through, under the usual construction,
it would fall on to the bearing in question and would be worked
downwards by gravity and by the rotary action of 'the shaft and would
thence, drop on to the bearing of the mitre-wheel 21 below, which communi-
cates the power, through another mitre-wheel p fast on the engine
shaft, from the motor or engine to the main shaft d; and in order
to prevent this occurring, we place a conical guard base downwards around the
shaft d between the bottom of the pan b and the bearing above the mitre-
wheel 21, so that any such matter would fall on to and be deflected by such conical
guard t into any suitable tray u which may be merely a curved-up rim around
the bottom edge of the said guard as shown.
In order that the pressure exerted upon the main shaft d by the spring or
springs e at its upper end shall not be transmitted to the driving gear or mitre-
wheels Pp we provide the boss of the latter with slots or key-ways v, and in
the said key-ways we place feathers or splines w, so that the shaft has free vertical
movement but is carried round by the said splines or feathers on the driving power
being applied.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. In a crushing and grinding mill of the class herein referred to, the combina-
tion with a central vertical shaft extending right through the mill and projecting
beyond the top and bottom thereof, of bearings for the said shaft located outside
and beyond the mill proper, as described and illustrated.
3. In a crushing and grinding mill of the class herein referred to, the means
for applying pressure to give the necessary crushing power to rollers of compara-
tively small size and weight, consisting of the combination with the driving
shaft and the hub of the roller axle bearings, of a collar fixed to the driving
shaft just above and bearing upon the said hub, a powerful spring or springs
resting upon the upper end of said shaft and gear wheels with eccentrically
mounted cams on their faces to transmit the power to the said spring, substantially
as described and illustrated.
4. In a crushing and grinding mill of the class herein referred to, the means
for preventing the vertical movement of the driving shaft being communicated
to the driving gear, consisting of the combination with the said shaft and gear
of the vertical slots or key-ways in the lower end of the said shaft below the mill,
the similar slots in the horizontal driving gear-wheel and the feathers or splines
fitting into the said slots, substantially as described and illustrated.
5. In a crushing and grinding mill of the class herein referred to, the means
for preventing any of the material undergoing grinding from getting into the
lower bearing or bearings of the driving shaft, consisting of the combination
with the said shaft and the central upright flange of the pan, of a hemispherical
cap or guard fitting closely over and around the said raised flange and against

page_text: the top surface of the bottom of the pan and exterior surface of the driving shaft
immediately above the said raised flange, substantially as described and illustrated.
6. In a crushing and grinding mill of the class herein referred to, the provision
for arresting any particles of the material undergoing grinding that may by
chance pass down between the hemispherical cap or guard and the driving shaft,
consisting of a conical deflector or guide having a turned-up edge at its lower
end secured beneath the centre of the crushing pan, substantially as described
and illustrated.
7. In a crushing and grinding mill of the class herein referred to, the combi-
nation with the mill proper of the general combination of central vertical driving
shaft passing right through the mill and prolonged at each end, the bearings
supporting the ends of said shaft entirely outside and beyond the mill, the fixed
collar on the said shaft, the spring and means of applying the power to it, the
hemispherical dust-proof cap or guard, the conical deflector and arrester with
turned-up edge, and the loose gear-wheel with feathers and slots, all constructed
and arranged substantially as and for the purpose herein described and illustrated.
T
1000
PHILLIPS & LEIGH,
No. 22, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicants.