Improvements in Jointing Pipes or Tubes.
Year: 1890

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Jointing Pipes or Tubes.
I, DANIEL ROBERTSON GARDNER of 36 Jamaica Street, Glasgow, Cabinet Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to joints and couplings for gas, water or other pipes or
tubes and it has for its object to make a coupling or joint that shall be simple, easily
put together and be efficient.
The improvements consist in jointing the pipe or tube together by means of jaws
or collars which when screwed, bolted or otherwise secured together grip the ends of
the pipe or tube and hold them firmly and tightly in place.
And in order that my said invention may be properly understood I have hereunto
appended an explanatory sheet of drawings showing different methods of carrying
out my invention.
Referring to the drawings-
Fig. 1 shows in part section, broken off, a coupling wherein the pipe or tube A is
made bell-mouthed and is fitted over a tapered part B₁ of the body B which is screw
threaded at C. Over the screwed part is screwed a ring shaped jaw or catch D
which has a rim or flange E around it. This rim or flange E grips and works over
a rim F on a tapered collar G. The jaw D is made with a hexagon or other suit-
able surface at H so as to be easily turned by a key or spanner. The other end of the
coupling which is broken off is made in exactly the same way. When it is desired
to joint the pipe, the end A. is, if the pipe is of lead or other soft metal or rubber
or hose, bell mouthed out so as to go over the inclined surface of the tapered
part B1, the jaw or catch D is now screwed on to the body and by means of the rim E
working on tapered collar G the end of the pipe is firmly held in place. The
collar G prevents the pipe being chafed when screwing up the jaw D.
Fig. 2 shows in part section, broken off, a slightly different form of coupling
wherein the collar G is dispensed with and the rim E of the jaw D is made round
on its inner surface. In this case the rim E grips and holds the pipe or tube A in
position as shown.
Fig. 3 shows in part section, broken off, a coupling very similar to that at
Fig. 1 saving that the collar G is stepped so as to grip the pipe or tube A more
firmly.
Fig. 4 shows in part section a coupling which differs from those hereinbefore
described in having no collar G nor rim E. The jaw D being continued outwards
and at the extension made somewhat tapered or wedge shaped. The ends of the
pipe or tube A, A¹ are secured in place by merely screwing the jaws D over the
body. B. As shown at the right hand of the fig. the ends of the pipe are first fitted
over the tapered part B₁, the jaw being meantime held back from the body B, and,
when this is done, the jaws are screwed home as shown at the left hand of figure.
In this view the body B may have a hexagon surface at B2 or the surface B² may
be dispensed with.
•
Fig. 5 shows, in longitudinal section, a coupling with the body B made like a
ring with its outer surface tapering away from the centre to each edge. Over the
tapered part the ends A, A of the tube to be jointed are fitted and the two loose
tapered jaws or collars D, D¹ are drawn tightly together over the ends of the tube
by means of an internally screwed ferrule or collar K which screws onto a screwed
part I on the exterior of the jaw D. A rim or flange J is made on the ferrule K so
as to grip the other-jaw D'.

page_text: Fig. 6 shows, in longitudinal section, a slightly different arrangement from Fig. 5.
In this case the jaw and ferrule are made in one piece, the jaw D' screwing over
the other jaw D.
Fig. 7 shows, in longitudinal section, a modified arrangement from that at Fig. 5.
In this view the body or ring B is a very narrow one and the outside surface tapers
away very quickly as shown. To grip the ends of the pipe or tube two collars or
washers L, Mare used. The washers at their inner surface are tapered or bevelled
'so as to correspond with the outside surface of the ring B. The washers are drawn
tightly together by means of screws Q, bolts or their equivalent.
Fig. 8 shows, in longitudinal section, a different method of drawing the washers L, M,
together, from that shown in Fig. 7. The washer L in this instance has a flange L¹
on it which is internally screwed. The screwed washer L screws to the washer M
and so makes a tight joint. The ends of the tube A, A¹ are bent over and faced up
together as shown instead of being bell mouthed.
Fig. 9 shows, in longitudinal section, a slightly different arrangement from
Fig. 8. The difference being that the washer M is flanged at M¹ and the washer L
is made to serve merely as a coupling to draw the washers P and M together. By
introducing the washer P the tube or pipe is prevented from being chafed in the
screwing up of the joint.
:
Fig. 10 shows, in longitudinal section, a coupling wherein only two washers L, M
are used to make the joint. The washers are drawn together by means of bolts Q'
or screws or equivalent. The ends of the tube are flattened out and faced up as
shown.
Fig. 11 shows, in longitudinal section, a coupling very similar to Fig. 10 the
only difference being that the washers L. M are hollowed out or grooved at L², M².
The washers are shown jointed together by screws Q.
Fig. 12 shows in longitudinal section a coupling used for jointing together an iron
or brass and a lead copper or other soft metal pipe. In this figure the collar L has
a flange L' on it similar to that at Fig. 8. The collar screws directly onto the iron
or brass pipe A which is exteriorly screw threaded for its reception. The lead or
other soft metal pipe A' is faced up to the end of the iron or brass pipe.
Fig. 13 shows in longitudinal section, a coupling for pipes of different material,
which is slightly different from Fig. 12. In this case in order to admit of the
pipes joined together being of the same diameter, a nipple R is used between
the collar L and the iron or other hard metal pipe A. S is a jamb nut.
The coupling may be made or fitted to any structure, device or apparatus as a part
thereof or a fixture thereto. In this case the half of the coupling serves to form the
joint for attaching a pipe to the structure, device or apparatus.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is―
1. The method of jointing or coupling pipes by first enlarging or bending over
the end or ends of the pipe to be jointed and then securing such enlarged or bent
over part or parts in place by means of jaws or collars which are bolted, screwed or
otherwise drawn together, substantially as set forth.
2. A pipe joint or coupling consisting of a solid body B upon which are screwed
jaws or collars D for gripping the ends of the pipe to be jointed, substantially as
herein before described with reference to the drawings annexed.
3. The combination with the solid body B and screwed jaw D of a tapered
collar G, substantially as and for the purpose herein before set forth.
4. A pipe joint or coupling consisting of a body or ring B upon which are fitted
two jaws or collars D, D₁ which are drawn together by means of a ferrule or
collar K substantially as herein before described with reference to Fig. 5 of the
drawings annexed.
5. The modified form of pipe joint or coupling consisting of a body or ring B
upon which are fitted two jaws or collars D, Df the pipe ends being secured togethe

page_text: by screwing one of the jaws over the other, substantially as hereinbefore described
with reference to Fig. 6 of the annexed drawings.
upon which
6. A pipe joint or coupling consisting of a tapered ring or body B
the ends of the pipe to be jointed are secured in position by two collars or
washers L, M drawn together by bolts, screws or equivalent, substantially as herein-
before described and shown at Fig. 7 of the drawings annexed.
7. The modified forms of coupling, substantially as hereinbefore described and
shown at Figs. 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 of the drawings annexed.
00 1 1
Antahan 1000
H. D. FITZPATRICK,
70, Wellington Street, Glasgow, Agent.