Improvements in Lithographic and other Printing Machines.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 28th June, 1895-Accepted, 3rd Aug., 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lithographic and other Printing Machines.
1, THOMAS RUDDIMAN JOHNSTON, of Waverley, Newlands Park, Sydenham,
in the County of Kent, Printer and Publisher, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:―
The invention has for its object improvements in lithographic printing machines,
which however are also applicable to letter-press printing machines requiring no
overlays.
I will describe my invention in connection with the accompanying drawings, in
which:-
Fig. 1 is a side view of my improved lithographic printing machine.
Fig. 2 is a partial end view thereof with parts removed in order to show the
travelling carriage.
Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the travelling carriage drawn to a larger scale.
Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the ink feed roller and some of its parts shown at
Fig. 3, showing them in a different position.
Fig. 5 is a partial plan of Fig. 3.
Fig. 6 is a sectional view of parts for imparting motion to the impression
cylinders.
Fig. 7 is a detail of the hinged end of the stone box or bed.
Fig. 8 is a sectional elevation of part of one of the gripper chains, its chain
wheel and a guide wheel, drawn to a larger scale.
Fig. 9 is an edge view of the chain wheel shown in Fig. 8.
Figs. 10 and 11 are sectional elevations, drawn at right angles to each other, of
a gripper and its operating parts.
Figs. 12, 13, 14 and 15 are sectional elevations showing a gripper and its
operating parts in various positions assumed by the same, and
Figs. 16, 17, 18 and 19 are detail views of a gripper separately.
In ordinary lithographic printing machines the stone is secured in a strong and
heavy bed and the whole mass is reciprocated beneath the damping and inking
rollers and the impression cylinder. For every single impression the stone has to
be moved to and fro and as, in large machines, the total weight thus moved is very
great, a rapid rate of printing cannot be attained.
In my new machine the stone is fixed, and I employ two impression cylinders
which, with the inking and damping rollers &c. supported on a suitable carriage,
are made to pass backward and forward over it, the sheets of paper being conveyed
to the impression cylinders by grippers fixed to endless chains or bands which pass
round and gear with the said cylinders. By these means I obtain a light running
machine and get two impressions for each to and fro motion of the aforesaid
carriage, thus greatly increasing the output of the machine.
A is the main framing of the machine, in which a stone B and damping
tables C C are mounted, and D is a travelling carriage supporting the two
impression cylinders E E, the damping rollers F F F F³, the inking
rollers G GGG, the inking riding rollers H H H H³, the distributing
rollers 111, the distributing riding rollers J J J J, the two large rollers kk
supporting the inking band K, the distributor supporting rollers L L L², the ink
dirctor roller M with its parts, the feed roller N, and other parts hereinafter
described.

page_text: The carriage D with the parts carried thereby is supported on wheels d d, two
at each side of the machine, which run on paths a forming part of the main
framing A, and such carriage is driven in the following manner.
Fast and loose pulleys O mounted on a shaft o are driven by a belt from any
suitable motive power; the shaft o has fixed thereon a pinion and fly wheel o*.
The pinion o gears with the wheel P fixed on the shaft p, and to such wheel P is
pin-jointed at Plone end of a connecting rod pl whose other end is pin-jointed to
the travelling rack p². This rack gears with the wheel p³ on whose shaft pare
fixed two chain wheels p, one at each side of the machine, to which chains
are secured at one end; these chains pass over flanged guide pulleys p p and at
their other ends are fixed to the travelling carriage D. As the rack p² is thus
caused to travel backward and forward, a similar but increased motion is conveyed
by it to the travelling carriage.
The stone B is put into the machine in the usual manner from the left hand end
of Fig. 1, the hinged door b' of the hox or bed being lowered for this purpose
to the dotted position shown in Fig. 7 after having removed the pins which
fasten its upper end normally with said box. The stone, at its front or right hand
end, must always come against or almost against the right hand end of the box b,
as the grippers always bring the edge of every sheet of paper to this place, the
said grippers just clearing the stone. At both ends and sides of the box bare
adjusting screws / as usual. The movable bottom of the stone bed, which is
very strong, rests at each corner on screws working through the box frame and
locked by lock nuts after the stone has been adjusted to its correct height and
levelled.
During printing, when the carriage D travels towards the left of Fig. 1, the
impression cylinder E first passes over the stone, printing its sheet, and is followed
by the damping rollers FF which damp the stone and by all the inkers G, &c.
which ink it, but the damping rollers FF3 are, when travelling in this direction,
raised above the stone. The impression cylinder E' then prints its impression.
When the impression cylinders reach their furthest position to the left, as indicated
by the dotted circles E E, and the return motion commences, the bars Q rise and,
by acting on the runners e e of the impression cylinders, keep the latter clear of
the stone during their backward travel, and the dampers F2 F3 fall while the
dampers F F rise. The dampers F2 F3 thus damp the stone on their travel to
the right and the inkers G GG2 G³ ink it as before, but no impression is taken
until the carriage D travels again in the opposite direction, that is to say, to the
left, and the impression cylinders E E', by the lowering of the bar Q, again come
into contact with the stone.
Each pair of dampers F F and F F3 is alternately raised and lowered by the
wedges ƒ`ƒ, ƒ`ƒ³, which act respectively on wedge shaped pieces f², ƒ³ ƒ³ fixed
to the brasses through which the shafts of the dampers pass. The wedges fi
move in dovetail or other shaped grooves in the brackets dd. On the inain
frame A are stops which act on the wedges ff at the end of the movement
in each direction and raise the sets of dampers alternately, and other stops fƒ³,
which are not in the same line, act on projections of the wedges in a similar
manner to lower the dampers. The stops of may be hinged with advantage so
as to be turned down clear of the projections when it is desired to run the
carriage with the dampers clear of the stone. The dampers fall a greater distance
than the inkers so as to reach the damping tables CC, and each pair of dampers
has runners" and 113, see Fig. 5, running on a path on the main frame A
which slopes towards the damping tables so that the dampers may go up and
down smoothly. The damping tables are, as usual, removable and is taken out
when a stone is being put in the machine.
18
The inking rollers receive their ink from the thin steel or brass band K,
which passes round the rollers k; this band bas holes cut in its margin at each
side to take the teeth of wheels 2 fixed to the shaft of the roller k, and on said
shaft is also fixed a toothed wheel ³ which gears with the wheel e fixed to the

page_text: wheel e, both of which latter are mounted loosely on the shaft e¹ of the impression
cylinder E. These wheels and e³ are so proportioned that the surface speed of
the cylinder E is conveyed to the band K and from it to the inking rollers G G'G'G'
so that the latter will revolve freely on the stone. The band guide roller k¹ is
adjustable by means of screws k* fixed in the brackets, which latter are capable
of oscillating on the shaft of the roller k and carry the roller k', the inking riding
rollers H H H H and the distributor supporting rollers L L' L³.
The inking riding rollers H H H H³ run in brasses h, and above each brass is a
piece of india-rubber A'.
The distributor supporting rollers L L L also run in brasses or bearings, but
these latter are mounted rigidly in the brackets k. Projections on the brackets k
enable these latter to be secured and any desired pressure given to the inkers by
means of the nuts acting in connection with fixed screws k passing through eyes
in the brackets ko. When these nuts are removed, the brackets k, after the
distributors and their riders have been removed from the frame D, can be tilted
up to remove the inkers and dampers. A spring is preferably introduced beneath
the nuts to assist in raising the inkers against the pressure of the band K
and other parts when it is desired that the inking rollers should not touch
the stone.
The ink duct or roller M has its shaft m running in bearings carried by the
frame of the travelling carriage, and is rotated, in one direction only, by the chain
wheel m' on the shaft m and a chain m² passing round it and round a chain wheel *
on the shaft e¹ of the cylinder E. The ductor trough m³ is adjustable by the nuts m
working on screws fixed to the trough and against the bar me and by screws m
working through the bar me and against the trough, thereby pushing the trough out
or in as desired in the ordinary manner. The bar me carries the ductor trough m³
and is fixed to the frame of the carriage by bolts m. The chain wheel m' is loose
on its shaft but the piece 8 is fixed to the shaft m and carries the pin m³
which unites the piece m³ to the wheel and so conveys movement to the ductor
roller M when desired.
The feed roller N runs in constant contact with the ductor roller M but only in
connection with the band K when the upper part of the latter is travelling in
the direction of the distributing rollers, so that the ink will be distributed before
reaching the inking rollers. To accomplish this swivelling can pieces are
mounted on studs n fixed to each side of the frame D. These pieces n' are each
formed with two faces inclined to each other and at different distances from their
axes of motion; they act on the brasses carrying the shaft of the ink feed roller N,
and at each end of the stroke of the carriage D they are each moved from the
position shown at Fig. 3 to that shown at Fig. 4 and vice versa by the rod or arm n³
fixed thereto coming into contact with the stops. Thus, when the swivelling
cam pieces are in the position shown in Fig. 3, the feed roller N is in contact
both with the ductor roller M and with the travelling ink band K as the carriage
travels to the left, but when in the position shown at Fig. 4 the feed roller N is still
in contact with the ductor roller M but is free from the band K as the carriage
travels to the right. If desired the feed roller N can be so operated as to meet
the ink band K only at longer intervals.
The shafts of the distributing rollers 11 12 13 work in brasses in the carriage
frame and extend beyond the latter; they have a longitudinally reciprocating
endwise motion imparted to them, I 12 moving to one side while I are moving
to the other side, these cross movements being preferably repeated three times in
every travel of the carriage D in each direction. This is effected by incans of
wedge shaped runners i fixed on the ends of the shafts of the rollers 1 1 1 13. The
runners of the rollers 12 run in a rail at one side of the machine and the
runners of the rollers 11 13 run in a similar rail at the other side of
the machine, the angular or zigzag formed paths of said rails being reversed
to each other.
Each inking roller G G G G³ has a runner g fixed to each end of its shaft

page_text: The
which runs on a path g¹ on each side of the machine. To raise the inkers clear of
the stone when desired, longitudinal bars y as long as the stone bed and one half
the width of the path g', are let into the frames opposite the stone bed and are
raised by means of cams y³ which all act simultaneously through the spindles y
and levers 7 when the handle g' is moved to one side. The bars g2 have sloping
ends so that the inkers may rise and fall gradually and without jar.
spindles connecting these lifting cams pass to the other side of the machine
beneath the stone bed.
The boxes which hold the clean paper are shown at R R and are similar to
those described in my Specification No. 1222A of the year 1895. The boxes for
receiving the printed sheets are shown at S S. For each impression cylinder a
separate feeding box, two endless chains with grippers and receiving box are
required, the boxes R and S being in connection with the impression cylinder E
and those marked R' S being in connection with the impression cylinder E¹. T is
one of the gripper chains or bands for the impression cylinder E and T' one of those
for the cylinder E'. Each set of gripper chains or bands has several grippers fixed
to it and these grippers carry the paper to the cylinders to be printed and afterwards
remove it to the receiving boxes. Starting from the first gripper at the chains or
bands T pass over guide pulleys t' t2 carried by the main frame, carry the second
gripper and go over guide pulleys carried by the travelling carriage, thence
round chain wheels fixed to the shaft of the cylinder E where the third gripper
is placed, over other guide pulleys carried by the travelling carriage, then over
guide pulleys and t fixed to the main frame and then back to the first gripper.
The gripper chains or bands T' for the impression cylinder E' starting from their
first gripper at t* pass over guide pulleys 8 carried by the main frame, then past
the second gripper * and over pulleys to carried by the brackets D' secured to the
travelling carriage, past the third gripper t*, round guide pulleys to, chain wheels t
on the shaft of the cylinder E and round pulleys 2, past the fourth gripper t* and
over pulleys 13 and 14 carried by the main frame and then back to the first
gripper. The guide wheels to 110 (12 and chain wheels are all carried by
the carriage D. During the forward movement of the cylinders E E', that is,
towards the left of Fig. 1, the chains or bands TT', and therefore the grippers,
excepting where printing is taking place, are stationary, that is to say, there is no
total movement of the chains but only a local movement at the impression cylinders,
but during the backward movement, the contrary is the case, the total chains then
revolving with no local movement at the impression cylinders; in other words,
during the forward movement of the cylinders E E', the chains move relatively to
the cylinders but are stationary as regards the side frames, and during the back-
ward movement, the chains move relatively to the side frames but not to the
cylinders. To render this clear I will now describe the movements of the
cylinders.
The cylinders E E' have mounted loosely on each end of their shafts respectively
a toothed wheel e ore gearing with racks one on each side of the machine;
these wheels et are loose on their shafts and convey rotary motion to the cylinders
when they and the carriage are travelling in the forward direction only, through
the pawls ee. Each cylinder in its forward movement makes exactly three
revolutions, and when the earriage arrives at the end of its travel, the pawls ee
cease to act. During the backward movement other pawls e come into play and
prevent the cylinders from revolving, the toothed wheels and eat such time
running loose The cylinders E E' again travel a distance equal to three revolu-
tions in their backward motion, and at the end of such motion the first pawls e
again come into position to act. These pawls ee are fixed to the toothed
wheels e³e and act against pieces elo e fixed to the wheels tt, which are pinned
or otherwise fixed to their cylinder shafts. The pawls are fixed to the
travelling carriage frame and act on wheels e2e13 fixed to their respective cylinder
shafts. The ductor wheel e* and toothed wheel e¹² may be in one piece. It will
be obvious that as the cylinders E E' and the wheels " carrying the gripper

page_text: chains revolve together in their forward motion, and as the chains T T work on
the same pitch lines as the cylinders, there will be only a local movement given to
the chains. But as the cylinders travel backward without revolving, the complete
chains are moved round the exact distance between two grippers, this distance
corresponding exactly with the distance of travel in the forward direction of the
cylinders.
Fig. 8 shows the gripper chain T¹ gearing with the wheel on the shaft of the
cylinder E' as well as the guide pulley and Figs. 10 to 19 show the construction
and action of the grippers. In each set of chains T T' at certain regular intervals,
Lwo of the double links exactly opposite each other have pieces 1 welded or other-
wise fixed to them, and into these pieces fit the rods t¹ which carry the tubes ¿¿
carrying respectively the upper and lower gripping jaws. The upper gripper
jaws are fixed at convenient distances to the inner tube t, and the lower gripper
jaws are fixed to the outer tube (18. These two gripper jaws are kept either close
shut as shown at Fig. 12, or wide open as shown at Figs. 14 and 17, by the
springs t, see Figs. 18 and 19, of which there are several, pressing their wedge
shaped faces ( against similar wedges or inclines 2 fixed to the inner tube t". To
open the gripper jaws the runner of the lever (23 fixed to the inner tube (17
comes in contact with the inclined piece 2 fixed to the frame by the bracket (25,
which pushes it down to the position shown at Figs. 11, 13 and 17, thus opening the
grippers and dropping the printed sheet into one or other box S or S¹. The gripper
now arrives at the feeding board open as shown at Fig. 13, but as it is impossible
to feed a sheet of paper to it in this position, a rod or arm comes against the
runner of a lever (fixed to the rod 16 which carries the gripper, and, moving it
to the position shown at Fig. 14, tilts the gripper up and the runner of the lever (23
down until the gripper jaws assume the position shown in said Fig. 14. The sheet
of paper being now fed against the tongnes (2 which are fixed to the outer tube (1,
another rod or arm (29 rises against the runner of the lever (23* moving it to the
position shown at Fig. 15 and so closing the grippers. This rod or arm, which
also carries a piece 30 the use of which will be hereinafter explained, now falls
and when the gripper chains cominence their movement, the runner of the lever t
goes down the slope of the rod or arm (26, thus causing the gripper to take the
sheet of paper gently away without creasing it. To compel the grippers to return
to their normal position, strong springs (31 shown at Figs. 10 and 16 having each
one end screwed to the pieces t, press against the upper side of the levers t".
A stop limits the fall of the grippers. The part 30 on the rod or arm (2 is fully
up when the gripper comes round and compels the gripper to stop at exactly the
position required by the piece t coming in contact with such piece (30. The rods
carry the parts (28 and the rods 3 carry the rods or arms 29 (30; these rods 133 134 are
worked from the faces of the cam 35, which makes one revolation for every complete
to and fro movement of the travelling carriage D; this cam is designed to convey
movement to the pieces so that they may tilt the grippers immediately after
they have deposited the printed sheets in their boxes and arrived at the feeding
boards rr, and to return, with the assistance of a spring (not shown), these pieces (
afterwards to their normal position, and also to close the grippers, besides placing
and removing the stops 30 that keep the grippers in their position while feeding is
taking place. The rods 34 are pushed up at the desired time by the action of the
lever secured to the shaft and acted on by the lever 38 also secured to such
shaft and having its runner in contact with one face of the cam (3. The rods (33
are acted on in a similar manner from the other face of the cam 5 through the
levers 9 40 fixed on the shaft ; the levers tact within openings in the lower
ends of the rods 83 and the cain is so timed that the pieces 30 are up before the
grippers reach them and that the pieces 2 close the grippers just before the pieces t
fall to permit the grippers to pass, thus allowing the longest possible time for
feeding the sheets. The chain guide pulleys t' &c. have flanges at one side and are
preferably eight sided. One pulley of each set, namely t¹ and to, runs in brasses
pushed upwards by strong springs, thus keeping the grippers always hard against

page_text: the bars in the one direction and the chain wheels hard against the pawlse" e²
in the other, thus securing exact feeding and register in printing if the parts are
properly made.
12
To press the impression cylinders E E' firmly against the stone during printing
and to raise them above the level of the face of the stone during the backward
movement, bars QQ are provided at both sides of the machine. These bars Q' Q
are joined at their centre by the upright 7 and at their ends by the upright
bars, which latter extend down outside the main frame and terminate in the
eye pieces ³. In these eye pieces are located cams, the upper rises or
projections of which act to raise the bars QQ and the lower rises or projections
to lower them. These cams are worked from a groove cam formed in the side
of the large cam (35; this cam gives motion to the rocking lever, the forked
end of which acts on the pin of the lever fixed on the shalt 7, which latter
carries at each of its ends one of the cams 7', like motion being communicated
simultaneously to the other pair of cams by a lever fixed on the shaft
which lever is connected by a link " to a lever 72 fixed on the shaft of the said
other cams.
The rocking lever y is mounted on a stud fixed to the main frame.
The cam is so timed that when the impression cylinder E is just completing its
backward movement and at the commencement of its forward movement, the
bars QQ fall and the bars Q', by acting on the runners which are loose on the
shaft of the cylinder E, force the latter strongly against the stone. The cylinder E'
is, through its runners e which are also loose on its shaft, acted upon in a similar
manner, and when it has almost completed its forward movement, the cam causes
the bars to rise a short distance, thereby causing the cylinders to rise clear of
the stone in their backward travel. The cylinders E E' are shown of the diameter
required for their pitch lines; they are however made somewhat smaller and are
covered with rubber blanketing, which will, under compression, come to the pitch
line but at other times be of slightly larger diameter. The upright bars are
secured to the main frames and guided by brackets 13; they are formed in two
parts and the pressure of the bars QQ' can be adjusted by the unts and screws
connecting their two parts together. The bars QQ are slightly bevelled or inclined
at their ends to permit the runners ee to enter freely between them.
14
To each of the chain wheels and a single tooth is fixed, see Figs. 3
and 5. Recesses are formed at the required intervals along the frame so that at
each revolution of the cylinders, the teeth will enter one of these recesses, but
at the backward travel it will be impossible to turn the cylinders round by hand as
they will be held by the pawlse in the one direction and by these teeth in the
other. During the backward movement these teeth will just clear the upper part
of the frame carrying the recesses 43 but will be a little higher when passing the
stone. In Fig. 3 these teeth should be entirely out of the recesses to agree with
the position of the other parts at the commencement of the forward movement,
and in Fig. 5 they are, for clearness, also placed a little out of their correct
position.
To prevent the sheets falling out of place before, during, and after printing,
supporting wires or tapes UUU2 U³ U and U are provided. When the sheet is
taken away by the gripper from the feeding board r it cannot fall down as wires or
tapes U are stretched from the shaft of guide roller t¹ to the paper box S. When
it passes round the guide roller t2 it is prevented from falling by wires or tapes U
which are stretched from the shaft of guide roller (3 and, after passing round the
guide roller and loose roller u', are fixed to the rod . The guide roller u, as
also the rod u³, are carried by the brackets u³. As the carriage travels backward
and forward, the loose roller u¹ moves up and down keeping the wires or tapes at
their proper tensiou. After going over the guide roller the grippers pass the
girder d³ fixed to the brackets d' of the carriage frame D, and said girder carries
the smoothers do which lightly press and smooth the sheet against the cylinder
during printing. After printing the grippers pass over the guide roller to and
the sheet is supported on wires or tapes U2 fastened between the shafts of the

page_text: guide rollers and t°. The next movement takes it to the box S. In like manner,
for supporting the sheets going to and away from the cylinder E', there are
wires or tapes U³ stretched between the shaft of the guide roller ( and the paper
box S; the wires or tapes U2 before mentioned next carry the sheets, then wires
or tapes U extend from the shaft of the guide roller 10 to a cross rod in the
brackets D. and a girder de supported by brackets carries smoothers similar
to those marked . After the sheet has been printed it is supported by the
Jong wires or tapes Us fastened to the shaft of guide roller 12, passing over guide
roller u, round the hanging roller u, up over the cross rod, and finally to the
cross rod u to which they are fixed; after passing the wires or tapes Us the printed
sheets pass away to the box S¹.
To keep the carriage D in an exact path, adjustable gun metal parts d' are
inserted in it at each side; these parts d' bear against the inner faces of the main
frames A during the entire backward and forward movement of the carriage D.
To adjust the length of travel of the carriage D the crank pin Pl of the large
driving wheel P can be adjusted towards or from the centre of said wheel by an
eccentric or by any other suitable contrivance as is well understood, thus
decreasing or increasing the length of travel of the carriage D as may be required.
To adjust the position of the carriage and to take up any increase in the length of
the driving chains pop the latter have screwed rods po at each end connected with
the carriage, see Figs. 3 and 5, which rods po pass through brackets forming
parts of the carriage D and can be adjusted by nuts p". The chains phave
each a separate path on the chain wheels p, see Fig. 2, to ensure a constant tension
thereon. Tie rods d", which also form the axles of the wheels dd, unite the side
frames of the carriage and are secured by nuts d12 which bear against the tubes or
bushings forming the bearings of the wheels dd and not against the wheels
themselves, thereby leaving the latter free to revolve.
It will be evident that the space between the lower parts of the side frames at
the left hand end of Fig. 1 must be kept clear so that the barrow carrying the
stone may be able to run up to the stone hed b. Cross bars may go above, but if
lower than the stone bed, they should be strong enough to support the stone so that
it may be pushed from them into its proper place.
By withdrawing the pin 78 from the lever 7, the cam ceases to act on the
bars QQ, and if withdrawn when they are up, the cylinders will not touch the
stone in going either forward or backward, thus preventing waste of paper, &c.
If the shafts of the guide rollers to should have a tendency to rub the printed
sheets, they could be provided with wheels placed in position to meet blank spaces
in the sheets.
A combined belt shifter and drag can be applied to the belt pulleys and fly
wheel o² as described in the Specification of my application No. 1222 of the year
1895 applied to a rotary zincographic machine.
It should be understood that the ink band K travels in both directions but ink
is only fed to it when the upper part of it is travelling in the direction of the
distributing rollers. The distributing riding rollers J &c. rotate and travel
end wise with the distributors and have collars to regulate their limit of
movement.
I would have it understood that the machine above described is equally applicable
for printing letter-press requiring no overlays, but in this latter case the dampers
would be omitted and the carriage shortened, thus decreasing its length of travel
and so permitting of a higher speed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
CLAIMS.

page_text: 2. In lithographic or letter-press printing machines, the combination with a
fixed stone or fixed type form, of a carriage fitted with two impression cylinders
moved to and fro over the stone or type form, and means for feeding sheets of
paper to such cylinders so that in each double traverse of the carriage, two sheets
are printed, substantially as herein shown and described.
3. In lithographic or letter-press printing machines, the combination with a fixed
stone or fixed type form, of a earringe fitted with two impression cylinders moved
to and fro over the stone or type form, two pairs of chains connected with such
carriage and fitted with grippers to feed sheets of paper to the cylinders, and
tapes, bands or wires. for supporting the sheets of paper while being fed to the
cylinders and on their way after printing to the receiving box, substantially as
herein shown and described.
4. In lithographic or letter-press printing machines, the combination with a
fixed stone or fixed type form of a carriage having two impression cylinders,
ink duct, ink supply hand, ink distributing rollers, inking rollers, pressure rollers
for keeping the inking band in contact with the inking rollers and for pressing
the inking rollers on to the stone or type form, and supporting rollers for keeping
the upper part of the inking band in contact with the distributing rollers, and
means for feeding paper to such cylinders, substantially as herein shown and
described.
5. In lithographic or letter-press printing machines, the combination with a
fixed stone or fixed type form, of a carriage having two impression cylinders, a
single set of inking and distributing rollers, riding rollers to each of such set
of rollers, an endless ink hand with supporting rollers, and two sets of damping
rollers, and mechanism fer putting in or out of action one of the sets of damping
rollers at each forward and backward motion of the carriage, substantially as herein
shown and described.
6. In lithographic or letter-press printing machines, the combination with a
fixed stone or fixed type form, of a carriage for carrying two impression cylinders
with their inking and damping mechanism and consisting mainly of two side frames
rigidly connected together and intermediate hinged frame or brackets carrying the
ink band as also some of the rollers in connection with it and arranged in such manner
as to enable it to be tilted for the removal &c. of the inker and damper rollers
without having to dismount the rollers carried by such hinged frame or brackets,
substantially as herein shown and described.
7. In lithographic or letter-press printing machines, the peculiar combinations
and arrangements of parts for effecting the various operations, substantially as
herein shown and described.
8. In lithographic and other printing machines, the use of endless bands or
chains carrying grippers which take sheets of paper to and away from a printing
surface, substantially as herein shown and described.
9. In lithographic and other printing machines, the combination with inking and
distributing rollers, of an inking band driven at the same surface speed as the
impression cylinder, substantially as herein shown and described.
10. In lithographic and other printing machines, the combination with distributing
rollers, of fixed guide rails acting upon the runners of such rollers to give an end wise
motion to the latter, substantially as herein shown and described.
11. In lithographic and other printing machines, the combination with a printing
surface, of two impression cylinders printing in succession in their motion in one
direction and clearing the printing surface in their motion in the contrary direction,
substantially as herein shown and described.
12. In lithographic printing machines, the combination with two sets of damping
rollers, of means by which they are alternately raised and lowered so that each set
shall travel in contact with the stone in one direction only, substantially as herein
shown and described.
13. In lithographic and other printing machines, the use of flexible bands or

page_text: chains for giving reciprocating movement to a cylinder or cylinders over a printing
surface, substantially as herein shown and described.
14. In lithographic and other printing machines, the grippers constructed and
operated substantially as herein shown and described.
15. The construction of grippers for printing machines with springs acting on
wedge pieces on one of the jaws to keep the jaws either open or closed, substan-
tially as herein shown and described.
16. In travelling grippers of printing machines, the closing of the jaws thereof
by the action of a cam in conjunction with the gripper springs when the grippers
are at rest, substantially as berein shown and described.
17. In printing machines having one or more travelling cylinders and a fixed
printing surface, the means for forcing such cylinder or cylinders against the
printing surface when moving in one direction and for making it or them entirely
clear such surface when moving in the opposite direction, substantially as herein
shown and described.
18. In printing machines having a travelling inking band, the use of a feed
roller which is so operated as to convey ink to such band when the latter is
travelling in oue only of its two directions, substantially as herein shown and
described.
19. In printing machines in which sheets of paper are conveyed to and from a
travelling impression cylinder by grippers carried by travelling bands or chains,
the use of wires, tapes or bands, for supporting such sheets of paper when going
to and coming from such cylinder, substantially as herein shown and described.
Dated this 25th day of June 1895.
HARRIS & MILLS,
23 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents..