CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF POINTED WIRES, OR OTHER POINTED SUB- STANCES OF A SUITABLE NATURE, FOR THE PURPOSE OF RAISING THE PILE OR FACE OF WOOLLEN OR OTHER CLOTHS OR FABRIC REQUIRING SUCH PROCESS
Year: 1819

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
LEWIS, Clothier, WILLIAM LEWIS, Dyer, and WILLIAM DAVIS, Engineer, all of
Brimscomb, in the County of Gloucester, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Nineteenth day
of June, in the fifty-ninth year of His reign, give and grant unto them, the
said John Lewis, William Lewis, and William Davis, their exors, adññors,
and assigns, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that they, the said John Lewis, William Lewis, and William Davis, their
exors, admors, and assigns, during the term of years therein mentioned,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, their Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF POINTED WIRES, OR OTHER POINTED SUB-
STANCES OF A SUITABLE NATURE, FOR THE PURPOSE OF RAISING THE PILE OR FACE
OF WOOLLEN OR OTHER CLOTHS OR FABRIC REQUIRING SUCH PROCESS;" in which
said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso that if they, the said John
Lewis, William Lewis, and William Davis, shall not particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of their said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, by an instrument in writing under their hands and seals,
and cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within two calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said

page_text: Letters Patent, that then the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advan-
tages whatsoever thereby granted, shall utterly cease, determine, and become
void, as in and by the same, relation being thereunto had, will more fully and
at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, that they,
said John Lewis, William Lewis, and William Davis, do hereby declare
that the nature of their said Invention, and the manner in which the same
is to be performed, are particularly described and ascertained in the following
words, together with the Drawings and references hereunto annexed:-
These mechanical Drawings are orthographical projections, every part of
which can be measured by a scale of equal parts adapted to the figures, and
are not perspective representations, which do not easily admit of this advantage,
and which are consequently but little used by mechanics. The same letters
of reference mark in all the Figures the same parts of the machinery. The
Figures are one tenth the real dimensions, and are projections in vertical
planes, the plane of Figure 1 being at right angles to that of Figure 2. The
letter A are the two ends of the framework; B are three bars fastened into
the two ends A; C is a roller, on which the woollen or other cloth or fabric
is first wound; D is the said cloth; E is a trough-shaped bar fixed at each
end of the frame A, adjustable in vertical grooves by means of the two
screws which are marked by a small letter e, in Figure 2.. This bar E
is for supporting the cloth D. F is a card roller for drawing the cloth D
over E and off C; G is a plain roller, on which the cloth D is wound as
it descends from the roller F; H is a card roller, always bearing against
the cloth which is on G; I is a weight on the lever K; K is a break or lever
bearing on the wheel L, for the purpose of regulating the tension of the
cloth D; L is a friction wheel fixed on one end of the axis of C; M is a
toothed wheel fixed on the axis of F; N is a rigger fixed on the axis of F,
for driving P; O is a strap or band passing round N and P; P is a band
wheel fixed on the axis of H; Q is a rod at each end of the machine for sus-
pending H from the axis of F. These two rods Q are loose on the axis of F,
in order to allow the roller H to recede from G'as the cloth accumulates, on
the roller G. R is a worm on S for turning the wheel M; S is the axis of
R and T; T is wheel fixed on S, and turned by the worm U; U is a worm
driven by V; V is a rigger driven by an endless strap from W; W is a rigger on
the axis X; X is the driving axis carrying W, Y, and 9; Y are two connecting
rods carrying the bar Z. The lower ends of these connecting rods Y are
driven excentrically about half an inch by the revolution of the axis X, and
their upper ends are guided by the radial bars marked with the small letter b.

page_text: Z is a bar, having several rows of pointed wires, or other pointed substance of
a suitable nature (bone for instance) fixed to its under surface for the purpose
of acting with their pointed extremities on the cloth D as it passes over the
support E. The small letter a marks the pointed substances fixed to Z, and in-
clined to an angle of about 45 degrees with the horizon, as at a in Figure 3.
The best arrangement of the points requires that the distances between them do
not exceed one tenth of an inch, and that they be placed so as to form rows not
parallel to the plane of Figure 3. The pointed substances a may be regularly
set in wood, leather, or metal before they are fixed to Z; c, c, are grooves or
openings in the frame ends A and in the two connecting rods Y for holding
the centres of motion of the radial bars b; e, e, are two screws for adjusting
E; g is a fly wheel fixed on the axis X. The chief advantages obtained by
our new system of raising the pile or face are, that the points a have, from
the succession of blows and the digging motion with which they come in
contact with the cloth D, a greater power to enter it, and by quitting it with-
out dragging too far over its surface that loss of substance which in the
common machines is occasioned by the points continuing for so long a space
in contact with the cloth is in a great measure avoided. The cloth D
requires to be wetted in the common way while subject to the action of the
machine.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Lewis, have hereunto set my
hond and cool this Seventeenth day of August in the year of our