IMPROVEMENTS IN SMALL WARE Looms
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Tatlow, of the firm of J. and W. Tatlow,
of Wirksworth, in the County of Derby. Small Ware Manu-
facturer, and Henry Hodgkinson of the same place, Mechanic,
Sealed the 27th October 1853, and dated the 29th June 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Tatlow and
Henry Hodgkinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 29th June 1853.
We, JAMES TATLOW, of the firm of J. and W. Tatlow, of Wirks-
worth. in the County of Derby, Small Ware Manufacturer, and
HENRY HODGKINSON, of the same place, Mechanic, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SMALL WARE
Looms to be as follows:-
We first arrange two or more lathes back to back in the same
frame, whereby a great saving of space is effected. In all self-acting
small ware looms hitherto constructed much inconvenience has arisen
from the difliculty of giving off' a regular and constant supply of warp
from the warp roller; and in order to remedy this we mount our warp

page_text: rollers in a frame fixed in the inside towards the front of the loom, and
beneath the axis of each roller is a weighted lever; we pass a cord
from the lever over the axis of the warp roller, and down to the back of
the roller frame; the cord and lever act as a break upon the war
roller, and prevent it from turning until the weighted lever is raised.
The frame containing the warps is so constructed that the lever acting
on the warp roller is immediately over the centre of the warp pulley and
weight, each weight being quite at liberty, and without any string
attached thereto. Each traverse of the shuttle raises the weight, frees
the break, and allows a suflicient quantity of the warp to unwind itself
from the roller. We cause the fabric when woven to be drawn off
upon a receiving roller caused to revolve by means of bevil gearing
worked by the power that drives the loom. The work does not wind
itself entirely round the receiving roller, but is taken off on a smaller
roller placed at the back and near the top thereof; the smaller roller
exerts a pressure against the larger receiving roller, and is supported in
bearings from a lever, the fulcrum of which is in a rod attached to the
lower part of the front of the breast beam; the free end of the lever
is pressed down by a weight or spring which can be regulated so as to
cause the smaller roller to exert the degree of pressure desired upon the
receiving roller. After the work passes over the smaller roller it falls
into a box or other convenient receptacle at the bottom of the loom.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Tatlow and Henry Hodgkinson in the
Great Seal Patent Office, on the 29th December 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we,
JAMES TATLOW, of the firm of J. and W. Tatlow, of Wirksworth, in the
County of Derby, Small Ware Manufacturer, and HENRY HODGKINSON,
of the same place, Mechanic, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Iler
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of June, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the

page_text: seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said James Tatlow and Henry
Hodgkinson, Iler special licence that we, the said James Tatlow and
Henry Hodgkinson, our exccutors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said James Tatlow and Henry Hodgkinson, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SMALL WARE LOOMS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said James Tatlow and Henry Hodgkinson, or one
of us, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under
the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Tatlow and Henry
Hodgkinson, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say:
Our Invention has relation to small ware looms or looms of the
description employed for weaving all kinds of narrow work, either of
silk, cotton, woollen, or linen yarns, such as ribbons, galloons, chintz
lace, bed lace, carpet binding, tapes, and generally all goods of the
small ware class.
Our first improvement consists in constructing small ware looms
with two or more lathes back to back in the same frame, whereby a
great saving of space is effected.
Our second improvement relates to the giving off of the warp. In all
self-acting small ware looms hitherto constructed much inconvenience
has arisen from the difficulty of giving off' a regular and constant supply
of warp from the warp rollers; and in order to remedy this we mount

page_text: our warp rollers in a frame fixed in the inside towards the front of
the loom, and beneath the axis of each roller we place a weighted
lever; we pass a cord from the lever over the axis of the warp roller,
and down to the back of the roller frame; the cord and lever act as a
break upon the warp roller, and prevent it from turning until the
weighted lever is raised. The frame containing the warp is so con-
structed that the lever acting on the warp roller is immediately over the
centre of the warp pulley and weight, each weight being quite free,
and without any string attached thereto. Each traverse of the shuttle
raises the weight, frees the break, and allows a sufficient quantity of the
werp to unwind itself from the roller.
Our third improvement relates to the taking up of the work. We
cause the fabric when woven to be drawn off upon a receiving roller
'made to revolve by means of bevil gearing worked by the power that
drives the loom. The work does not wind itself entirely round the
receiving roller, but is taken off on a smaller roller placed at the front
and near the top thereof; the smaller roller exerts a pressure against
the larger receiving roller, and is supported in bearings from a lever
the fulcrum of which is in a rod attached to the lower part of the
back of the breast beam; the free end of the lever is pressed down by
a weight or spring, which can be regulated so as to cause the smaller
roller to exert the degree of pressure desired upon the receiving roller.
After the work passes over the smaller roller it falls into a box or
other convenient receptacle at the bottom of the loom.
Figure 1, of the Drawings hereunto annexed represents an end view
of a small ware loom constructed according to our said several im-
provements, one half being in section; and Figure 2, a front elevation
of the same. A, A, is the general framework, which may be con-
structed of wood, as represented, or of iron, in which case it might be
made much lighter. B, B, are the breast beams. D, D, are the
lathes which carry the weft shuttles; and D', D', the "lathe swords" or
beams, which are centred at a, a, at the top of the framing in bearings
D², D². E, E, are the jack pullies, which are connected to the
jacks b, b, by the cords c, c, which are set in motion by the cords
and rods d, d, connected to the shoot treadle F, F, worked by the

page_text: cains G, G, for throwing the shuttles. I, II, are the rocking poles or
shafts, and f, f, the headles which are connected by the cords and rods
9, 9, to the top "treadles" or levers h, h, centred at i, i, to the upper
part of the framework. These levers h, h, are attached by the cords
k, k, to the rocking poles II, and are set in motion by rods and cords
connected to similar top levers 7, 1, worked by the rods m, m, from the
treadles or levers I. I, when actuated by the cams K, K, on the main
driving shafts L, L, for opening the sheds for the passage of the
shuttles. M, M, are weights attached to the forks n, n, which carry
the spindles of the pulleys o, o, round which cords connected to the
lower heddle bars are passed for giving tension to the heddles.
N, N, are the yarn rollers turning in spindles in the brackets N', N'.
The parts just herein-before described are common to small ware looms
of the ordinary description, and are well understood by weavers of that
class of fabrics. 0, 0, are "cratches" or frames running from end to
end of the machine, supported by the end framework A, A, and divided
horizontally into two, three, or more tiers, and again subdivided verti-
cally into a number of spaces, in the manner shewn in Figure 2, for
carrying the warp rollers, which are mounted on separate spindles.
The warp threads are carried up from the warp rollers over the set of
pulleys p, p; thence over a second set of pulleys q, q, mounted on the
top castle A, A. from whence they descend round weighted pulleys "", "",
then return again over a third set of pulleys q. q', mounted in pairs
with the pulleys, and on the same spindles, and finally descend between
the combs P, P, and over the bars P, supported in the brackets P2, P²,
and pass under the yarn rollers N, N, to the heddles. Q, Q, are levers
centred at one end in the vertical divisions of the cratch frame, and
supporting at their other ends small weights, S. t, t, are cords
attached at one end to the cratch frame, which after passing over the
spindles of the warp rollers are connected to the levers Q, Q. These
cords act as a break upon the spindles of the warp rollers, and thereby
regulate the feed of the warp threads as the work is formed, the
weights s, s. being nearly in equilibrium with the weights,
suspended from the weighted pulleys r, r, the latter having the slightest
preponderance over the weights 8, 8. The stocks,, in which the

page_text: pulleys,, turn, have at their upper portion two wires,, as shewn
in the detached view in Figure 3, which embrace the levers Q, Q, and
thereby preserve them in their proper and relative positions with
respect to each other. The work as it is formed passes over the wires
u, ut, at the back of the breast beams, from whence it passes partially
round the large receiving rollers S, S, and then over the set of rollers
T, T, from whence it falls into the general receiving boxes U, U. The
rollers T, T, exert a degree of pressure upon the rollers S, and upon
the work passing between them by means of lever brackets T', which
form the bearings for the spindles of the rollers T, T. The levers from
which the brackets T', depend are centred upon pins in strips of wood
T, fixed to the back of the breast beams; the other ends of the levers
are acted upon by helical springs T³, placed between the levers and the
underside of the breast beams. Instead of springs small weights may
be used, if preferred. By this arrangement the work is gradually and
regularly taken up as it is formed, and all tendency to slip or to become
doubled is entirely obviated. The method of driving this machine is
as follows-V, is a strap pulley turning in bearings in the top
framing A, of the machine. This pulley is driven by means of a strap
from a steam engine or other prime mover, and imparts motion to other
pulleys on the same shaft, which are connected by belts or straps to
similar pulleys on the shafts L, L. These shafts cause the sets of
cams G, and K, to rotate and act upon their respective treadles or
levers, and through them impart a semi-rotation to the jacks b
whereby the shuttles will be thrown and the heddles will be alternately
raised and lowered to open the sheds for the passage of the shuttles for
laying the weft. W, W, are spur wheels keyed upon the shafts L, L,
and revolving with them. These spur wheels gear into the pinions
W, W, which give motion to the shafts W, W. Upon these shafts
are keyed the fly wheels W, W³, which have fixed in them excentric
pins or cranks w, and upon cach of these is centred one end of the
lathe arms W, W, while the other ends are connected to pins pro-
jecting from the lower ends of the lathe swords, so that upon every
revolution of the fly wheels and cranks the sleighs a, at the back of
the shuttles are thrust forward and press up the work. X, are endless

page_text: screws upon the outer extremities of the shafts L, L, which gear into
and impart motion to the worm wheels Y, on the inclined shafts Y',
the other ends of which carry bevil pinions Z, gearing into the bevil
wheels Z, upon the axes of he receiving rollers S, and thereby
impart the necessary motion to them for taking up the finished
work.
And having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim are,
First, the general arrangements and combination of the arts of
small ware looms, as herein-before described and represented in the
Drawings hereunto annexed.
Second, we claim the mode of constructing small ware looms with
two or more lathes placed back to back in the same frame or in
separate frames, for the purpose of saving the space of the warps
behind the loom, as herein-before described and represented in the
Drawings hereunto annexed.
Third, we claim the method of and apparatus for giving off the warp
threads for weaving small ware fabrics, as herein-before described and
represented in the Drawings hereunto annexed; and,
Fourth, we claim the apparatus for taking up the finished work in
small ware looms, as herein-before described and represented in the
Drawings hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Tatlow and Henry
Hodgkinson, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-
second day of December, One thousand eight hundred and
JAMES TATLOW.
(L.S.)
HENRY HODGKINSON. (L.B.)

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Tatlow, of the firm of J. and W. Tatlow,
of Wirksworth, in the County of Derby, Small Ware Manu-
facturer, and Henry Hodgkinson of the same place, Mechanic,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Tatlow and
Henry Hodgkinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 29th June 1853.
We, JAMES TATLOW, of the firm of J. and W. Tatlow, of Wirks-
worth, in the County of Derby, Small Ware Manufacturer, and
HENRY HODGKINSON, of the same place, Mechanic, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN SMALL WARE
Looms" to be as follows:-
We first arrange two or more lathes back to back in the same
frame, whereby a great saving of space is effected. In all self-acting
small ware looms hitherto constructed much inconvenience has arisen
from the difficulty of giving ofl' a regular and constant supply of warp
from the warp rollers; and in order to remedy this we mount our warp.

page_text: rollers in a frame fixed in the inside towards the front of the loom, and
beneath the axis of each roller is a weighted lever; we pass a cord
from the lever over the axis of the warp roller, and down to the back of
the roller frame; the cord and lever act as a break upon the war
roller, and prevent it from turning until the weighted lever is raised.
The frame containing the warps is so constructed that the lever acting
on the warp roller is immediately over the centre of the warp pulley and
weight, each weight being quite at liberty, and without any string
attached thereto. Each traverse of the shuttle raises the weight. frees
the break, and allows a sufficient quantity of the warp to unwind itself
from the roller. We cause the fabric when woven to be drawn off
upon a receiving roller caused to revolve by means of bevil gearing
worked by the power that drives the loom. The work does not wind
itself entirely round the receiving roller, Int is taken off on a smaller
roller placed at the back and near the top thereof; the smaller roller
exerts a pressure against the larger receiving roller, and is supported in
bearings from a lever, the fulcrum of which is in a rol attached to the
lower part of the front of the breast beam; the free end of the lever
is pressed down by a weight or spring which can be regulated so as to
cause the smaller roller to exert the degree of pressure desired upon the
receiving roller. After the work passes over the smaller roller it falls
into a box or other convenient receptacle at the bottom of the loom.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Tatlow and Henry Hodgkinson in the
Great Seal Patent Office, on the 29th December 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc.
JAMES TATLOW, of the firm of J. and W. Tatlow, of Wirksworth, in the
County of Derby. Small Ware Manufacturer, and HENRY HODGKINSON,
of the same place, Mechanic, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most. Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of June, in the
year of our Lord Oue thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the

page_text: seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said James Tatlow and Henry
Hodgkinson, Her special licence that we, the said Jamies Tatlow and
Henry Hodgkinson, our exccutors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said James Tatlow and Henry Hodgkinson, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter luring
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SMALL WARE LOOMS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said James Tatlow and Henry Hodgkinson, or onc
of us, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under
the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Tatlow and Henry
Hodgkinson, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say:
Our Invention has relation to small ware looms or looms of the
description employed for weaving all kinds of narrow work, cither of
silk, cotton, woollen, or linen yarns, such as ribbons, galloons, chintz
lace, bed lace, carpet binding, tapes, and generally all goods of the
small ware class.
Our first improvement consists in constructing small ware looms
with two or more lathes back to back in the same frame, whereby a
great saving of space is effected.
Our second improvement relates to the giving off of the warp. In all
self-acting small ware looms hitherto constructed much inconvenience
has arisen from the difficulty of giving off'n regular and constant supply
warp from the warp rollers; and in order to remedy this we mount
of

page_text: our warp rollers in a frame fixed in the inside towards the front of
the loom, and beneath the axis of cach roller we place a weighted
¿lever we pass a cord from the lever over the axis of the warp roller,
and down to the back of the roller frame; the cord and 'lover act as a
break upon the warp, roller, and prevent it from turning until the
weighted lever is, raised. The frame containing the warp is so con-
structed that the lever acting on the warp roller is immediately over the
centre of the warp pulley and weight, each weight being quite free,
and without any string attached thereto. Each traverse of the shuttle
raises the weight, frees the break, and allows a sufficient quantity of the
warp to unwind itself from the roller.
Our third improvement relates to the taking up of the work. We
cause the fabric when woven to be drawn off' upon a receiving roller
made to revolve by means of bevil gearing worked by the power that
drives the loom. The work does not wind itself entirely round the
receiving roller, but is taken off on a smaller roller placed at the front
and near the top thereof; the smaller roller exerts a pressure against
the larger receiving roller, and is supported in bearings from a lever
the fulcrum of which is in a rod attached to the lower part of the
back of the breast beam: the free end of the lever is pressed down by
a weight or spring, which can be regulated so as to ease the smaller
roller to exert the degree of pressure desired upon the receiving roller.
After the work; passes over the smaller roller it falls into a box or
other convenient receptacle at the bottom of the loom.
..
Figure 1. of the Drawings hereinto annexed represents an end view
of a small ware loom constructed according to our said several im
provements, one half being in section; and Figure 2. a front elevation
of the same. A, A. is the general framework, which may be con-
structed of wood, as represented, úr of iron, in which case it might be
maile much lighter. B, B, are the breast beams. D. D, are the
lathes which carry the weft shuttles; and D', D'; the “lathe swords" or
beams, which are centred it, it, at the top of the framing in bearings
D², D². E, E, nrd the jack pullies: 'which are connected to the
jacks b, by the cords c; c, which are set in motion by the cords
and rouls, d, d, connected to the shoot trenules E, F, worked by the

page_text: cams G, G, for throwing the shuttles. H, H, are the rocking poles or
shafts, and f, f, the headles which are connected by the cords and rods
gg, to the top "treadles" or levers h; h, centred at i, i, to the upper
part of the framework. These levers h, h, are attached by the cords
k, k, to the rocking poles II, and are set in motion by rods and cords
connected to similar top levers 7, 1, worked by the rods m, m, from the
treadles or levers 1, I, when actuated by the cams K, K, on the main
driving shafts L, L, for opening the sheds for the passage of the
shuttles. M, M, are weights attached to the forks n, n, which carry
the spindles of the pulleys o, o, round which cords connected to the
lower heddle bars are passed for giving tension to the heddles.
N, N, are the yarn rollers turning in spindles in the brackets N', N'.
The parts just herein-before described are common to small ware looms
of the ordinary description, and are well understood by weavers of that
class of fabrics. 0, 0, are "cratches" or frames running from end to
end of the machine, supported by the end framework A, A, and divided
horizontally into two, three, or more tiers, and again subdivided verti-
cally into a number of spaces, in the manner shewn in Figure 2, for
carrying the warp rollers, which are mounted on separate spindles.
The warp threads are carried up from the warp rollers over the set of
pulleys p. p; thence over a second set of pulleys y, 9, mounted on the
top castle A, A, from whence they descend round weighted pulleys r, "",
then return again over a third set of pulleys 7' 2', mounted in pairs
with the pulleys y, and on the same spindles, and finally descend between
the combs P, P, and over the bars P, supported in the brackets P, P³,
and pass under the yarn rollers N, N, to the heddles. Q. Q, are levers
centred at one end in the vertical divisions of the cratch frame, and
supporting at their other ends small weights s, s. t, t, are cords
attached at one end to the cratch frame, which after passing over the
spindles of the warp rollers are connected to the levers Q, Q. These
cords act as a break upon the spindles of the warp rollers, and thereby
regulate the feed of the warp threads as the work is formed, the
weights, being nearly in equilibrium with the weights,
Suspended from the weighted pulleys 1, 2, the latter having the slightest
preponderance over the weights, s. The stocks, in which the

page_text: pulleys 7, turn, have at their upper portion two wires 2", 1", ns shown
in the detached view in Figure 3, which embrace the levers Q, Q, and
thereby preserve them in their proper and relative positions with
respect to each other. The work as it is forinel passes over the wires
u, u, at the back of the breast beams, from whence it passes partially
round the large receiving rollers S, S, and then over the set of rollers
T, T, from whence it falls into the general receiving boxes U, U. The
rollers T, T, exert a degree of pressure upon the rollers S, and upon
the work passing between them by means of lever brackets T', which
form the bearings for the spindles of the rollers T, T. The levers from
which the brackets T', depend are centred upon pins in strips of wood
T, fixed to the back of the breast beams; the other ends of the levers
are acted upon by helical springs T", placed between the levers and the
underside of the breast beams. Instead of springs small weights may
be used, if preferred. By this arrangement the work is gradually and
regularly taken up as it is formed, and all tendency to slip or to become
doubled is entirely obviated. The method of driving this machine is
as follows:-V, is a strap pulley turning in bearings in the top
framing A, of the machine. This pulley is driven by means of a strap
from a steam engine or other prime mover, and imparts motion to other
pulleys on the same shaft, which are connected by belts or straps to
similar pulleys on the shafts I, L. These shafts cause the sets of
cams G, and K, to rotate and act upon their respective treadles or
levers, and through them impart a semi-rotation to the jacks b,
whereby the shuttles will be thrown and the heddles will be alternately
raised and lowered to open the sheds for the passage of the shuttles for
laying the weft. W, W, are spur wheels keyed upon the shafts I, I,
and revolving with them. These spur wheels gear into the pinions
W, W', which give motion to the shafts W, W. Upon these shafts
are keyed the fly wheels W, Wa, which have fixed in them excentric
pins or cranks 1, and upon each of these is centred one end of the
lathe arms W, W, while the other ends are connected to pins pro-
jecting from the lower ends of the lathe swords, so that upon every
revolution of the fly wheels and cranks the sleighs a, at the back of
the shuttles are thrust forward, and press up the work. X, are endless

page_text: screws upon the outer extremities of the shafts L, L, which gear into
and impart motion to the worm wheels Y, on the inclined shafts Y',
the other ends of which carry bevil pinions Z, gearing into the bevil
wheels Z, upon the axes of he receiving rollers S, and thereby
impart the necessary motion to them for taking up the finished
work.
And having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim are,
First, the general arrangements and combination of the arts of
small ware looms, as herein-before described and represented in the
Drawings hereunto annexeil.
Second, we claim the mode of constructing small ware looms with
two or more lathes placed back to back in the same frame or in
separate frames, for the purpose of saving the space of the warps
behind the loom, as herein-before described and represented in the
Drawings hereunto annexed.
Third, we claim the method of and apparatus for giving off the warp.
threads for weaving small ware fabrics, as herein-before described and
represented in the Drawings hereunto annexed; and,
Fourth, we claim the apparatus for taking up the finished work in
small ware looms, as herein-before described and represented in the
Drawings hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Tatlow and Henry
Hodgkinson, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-
second day of December, One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-three
JAMES TATLOW.
(L.S.)
HENRY HODGKINSON. (L.S.)
JAMES TATLOW.
(L.S.)
HENRY HODGKINSON. (L.S.)