Improvements in or connected with Incubators and Foster Mothers or Rearers for Chickens and the like.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Incubators and Foster Mothers or
Rearers for Chickens and the like.
ISABELLA BATHGATE MACKINTOSH, Widow, and LOUIS ALEXANDER MACKINTOSH,
Civil Engineer, both of the Parish of Great Chesterford, in the County of Essex,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The employment and use of efficient non corrosive and heat radiating substitutes
for sheet metal in the construction of hot water, and hot air, tanks, jackets, pipes,
or any other vessels employed to radiate heat in incubators and foster mothers or
rearers for chickens and the like, to be heated from an external supply of heat, or
from an internal and seperate source of heat.
Improvements in the construction of incubators and foster mothers or rearers and
the like.
Methods of heating incubators in conjunction with an improved system of
ventilation and supplying moisture to minimise the undue evaporation of albumen
from eggs during incubation.
The condensation of fumes or waste after products of combustion in incubators.
The hot water, and hot air, tanks, jackets, pipes, or other vessels employed to
radiate heat may be any suitable size, or shape, and are constructed of porcelain,
china, earthenware, glass or other suitable substances of a like nature, and for
hot air, are constructed of fire clay, plumbago compound, or other similar sub-
stances as used in crucible manufacture the heat being in consequence more
diffused, equalised, and better retained than when sheet metal is employed.
They may be constructed in one or more sections, groved, dovetailed, or made to
slide together and cemented or run solid with any suitable cement or composition.
Flanges may also be employed for the same purpose made with corresponding
holes and provided with asbestos, rubber or other suitable washers and bolted up
tight. Removable lids or covers may be adopted constructed in a like manner.
Internal flues may be moulded in the interior of the vessels employed and
attached to suitable interior or exterior metal flues or pipes by flanged joints or
cemented and run solid as herewith previously described. The metal flues or pipes
may be screwed to correspond with threads previously moulded in the vessels and
provided with flanges, nuts, and suitable washers to make a tight joint and may
also be attached to screwed plugs of any adaptable material to screw un tight with
suitable washers. Water and air tight joints can be also made by threading the
flues or pipes which are provided with fixed or screwed flanges and nuts. Recesses,
ribs, or grooves are moulded on the vessels around the entrance holes for the flues
or pipes.
Metal plates or washers to register or correspond with the recesses ribs or
grooves are employed in conjunction with cement or other jointing materials and
hhor oshastos or similar washers.

page_text: Incubators are constructed of any suitable material in wood or metal and may
be any required size or shape.
They are for preference made of a circular shape in enamelled sheet metal
supported by feet or legs having india rubber, gutta percha, or similar material,
balls or globes affixed to prevent or minimise vibration. These may be affixed to
any incubators.
Heat is supplied by hot water or hot air tanks or other vessels fixed or attached
to the base of incubators and a predetermined size and quantity of small holes are
made around the same to admit of the supplying of moist warm air, which is
moistened by the evaporation of water contained in a small water cup affixed to
the heat supplying flue or chimney and may also be affixed in any other convenient
position to be heated by the waste heat from the lamp or other convenient source
of heat employed and thus moisten the air before it is admitted to incubator.
The water cup is kept filled by being supplied by gravity from a suitable poultry
fountain and a suitable standard is fitted to depress, or partially close the rubber
tube on the fountain being lifted to be refilled.
Any other suitable methods may be employed to prevent the accidental spilling,
or escape of water by the automatic depression, or partially closing of the supply
tube when fountain is raised and its subsequent release when replaced in position.
The heat supply is regulated by the action of a swing damper hung or pivoted
in the heat supply flue or chimney so arranged as to open and shut off the heat
from the lamp or any other convenient source of heat employed under the influence
of a suitable thermostat or regulator.
The eggs are placed in a tray or shallow case with a heavily insulated bottom
of requisite dimensions to form a chamber with a small outlet completely around
for generation, and supply of moist warm fresh air.
The hot water, or hot air, tanks, or other vessels employed for a like purpose may
be fitted to the lid of incubator and partially encased or covered for the generation
of moist warm fresh air as herewith described, the evaporation of moisture from
cup being conducted into the same by a trumpet mouthed tube or any other
suitable methods.
The foster mother or rearer is preferably of circular construction and a flat
frame is provided to which small wheels may be affixed at one end and suitable
handles and small spikes at the other a covered or open fixed or detachable run
is placed thereon and the foster mother or rearer is attached to them in such a
manner that it can be fixed or made readily detachable if required.
Dated this Twenty-first day of March 1898.
ISABELLA BATHGATE MACKINTOSH.
LOUIS ALEXANDER MACKINTOSH.
Improvements in or connected with Incubators and Foster Mothers or
Rearers for Chickens and the like.
ISABELLA BATHGATE MACKINTOSH, Widow, and LOUIS ALEXANDER MACKINTOSH,
Civil Engineer, both of the Parish of Great Chesterford, in the County of Essex,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
-
The employment and use of efficient non corrosive and heat radiating substitutes
for sheet or other metals in the construction of hot water and hot air tanks jackets

page_text: pipes or any other vessels employed to radiate heat in incubators and foster mothers
or rearers for chickens and the like to be heated from an external supply of heat
or from an internal and seperate source of heat.
These substitutes may also with advantage be employed in the construction of
the flat, cone, or any other shaped heat radiators in use, which have been con-
structed of sheet or other metals.
Porcelain, china, earthenware, glass, slate, natural, or artificial stone, or any
suitable similar natural or artificial substances are employed in the construction of
hot water and hot air tanks, jackets, pipes, and flat, cone, or any other shaped heat
radiators they are enamelled, glazed, or made otherwise non porous, when required
to hold water.
The evaporation trays of incubators are also made of similar non corrosive
materials in place of sheet or other metals. For hot air, fireclay, plumbago com-
pound, or other similar substances as used in crucible manufacture are employed,
they may be made however in a much softer, or more porous state than when
employed for this purpose.
Hot water and hot air tanks, jackets, pipes, and flat cone or any other shaped
heat radiators may be constructed in one or more sections grooved, dovetailed, or
made to slide together and cemented or run solid with any suitable cement or
composition.
Flanges may also be employed for the same purpose made with corresponding
holes and provided with asbestos, rubber or other suitable washers and bolted up
tight.
Removable lids or covers may be adopted constructed in a like manner.
Internal flues may be moulded in the interior of the vessels employed and
attached to suitable interior or exterior metal flues or pipes by flanged joints or
cemented and run solid as herewith previously described.
The metal flues or pipes may be screwed to correspond with threads previously
moulded in the vessels and provided with flanges, nuts, and suitable washers to
make a tight joint and may also be attached to screwed plugs of any adaptable
material to screw up tight with suitable washers.
Water and air tight joints can be also made by threading the flues or pipes.
which are provided with fixed or screwed flanges and nuts.
Recesses, ribs, or grooves are moulded on the vessels around the entrance holes
for the flues or pipes.
Metal plates or washers to register or correspond with the recesses ribs or grooves
are employed in conjunction with cement or other jointing materials and rubber
asbestos or similar washers. The advantages in the employment of efficient non
corrosive substitutes for sheet or other metals in the construction of hot water and
hot air tanks, jackets, pipes or any vessels or radiators, employed to radiate heat
in incubators and foster mothers or rearers for chickens and the like to be heated
from an external supply of heat or from an internal and seperate source of heat as
herein previously described are in addition to the non corrosive qualities of the
material used that the heat is more diffused equalised and better retained, the heat
capacity is more accurately defined and also more constant, which is particularly
the case when hot air is employed the molecular and crystalline changes of metals
being absent and the greater part of the fumes or unconsumed products of com-
bustion are retained or absorbed according to the porosity of the materials em-
ployed, the heat therein generated being utilised to condense or practically con-
sume the greater part of the waste products of combustion. Incubators are con-
structed of any suitable material in wood or metal and may be any required size or
shape.
They are for preference made of a circular shape in sheet metal, insulated with
felt or any suitable non conductor of heat, supported by feet or legs having india
rubber, gutta percha, wood, or a combination of these materials manufactured
into ball, or globes, and affixed to their bases to prevent or minimise vibration.
Heat is supplied by hot water or hot air tanks or other vessels fixed or attached

page_text: to the base of incubators and a predetermined size and quantity of small holes are
made around the same to admit of the supplying of moist warm fresh air which is
moistened by the evaporation of water contained in a small water cup kept re-
plenished by any suitable fountain and affixed to the heat supplying flue or chimney,
it may also be affixed in any other convenient position to be heated by the waste
heat from the lamp or any suitable source of heat employed and thus moisten the
air before it is admitted to the incubator. The eggs are placed in a tray or shallow
case with a heavily insulated bottom and three, or any other suitable number, of
small struts, or supports, are affixed thereto to support the tray at a distance of two
to three inches, or any other required height from the base of the incubator.
The tray is of requisite dimensions to form a chamber with a small outlet com-
pletely around for the generation of moist warm fresh air to be supplied to the
eggs above.
Three or any predetermined number of ventilators are affixed to the outer case
of the incubator. They are of tubular construction, the upper end or top is closed,
and the bottom or lower end is open, they are affixed over holes of suitable
dimensions made in the outer case of the incubator, a constant supply of fresh,
unvitiated, moist warm air is thus supplied to the eggs above.
To avoid the employment of a water fountain a moisture or evaporation tray is
adopted by the employment of a seperate suitable chamber heated by the spare heat
from the source of heat employed, the moisture is supplied direct to the heat
generating chamber with or without the requisite air supply, which may be
supplied from predetermined holes or openings around the moisture chamber thus
formed.
The hot water or hot air tanks or other vessels employed for a like purpose may
be fitted to the lid of incubators and partially encased or covered for the generation
of moist warm fresh air as herewith described the evaporation of moisture cup
being conducted into the same by a trumpet mouthed tube or any other suitable
methods.
Incubators constructed as herein described do not cause an undue evaporation
of albumen from the eggs and also the air vesicles of the eggs will nearly always
expand to their proper dimensions as in natural incubation. "In hot air incubators
a drying box is constructed by the utilisation of the heat derived from the employ-
ment of a cone shaped flue to carry off the waste heat from incubator. Figure I
is a sectional elevation of an incubator constructed according to this invention.
a heat supply flue to fireclay heat generator with lift valve or damper b, under the
control of any suitable thermostat or regulator; c, fireclay heat generator or non
conducting base, and end, with threaded tubes d, d, provided with nuts and
asbestos washers to attach heat generator, and also to conduct the moisture from
water tray e, which is enclosed to form moisture chamber and provided with a
door to gain access for water supply, predetermined holes or openings (not shown)
being made around for fresh air supply: f, egg tray with heavily insulated bottom
and struts or supports, g, which are of requisite dimensions to form a chamber
beneath and an opening completely around for the supply of moist warm fresh
air to the eggs above, h, cone shaped flue with non conducting back; i, drying box
detachable or fixed: j, legs or feet with balls or globes k; 7, lamp, m ventilators.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is
(1) The employment and use of efficient non corrosive and heat radiating sub-
stitutes for sheet or other metals in the construction of hot water and hot air
vessels also for flat cone or any other shaped heat radiators as herein described to
be heated from an external supply of heat or from an internal and seperate soure.
of heat.
(2) The use of porous heat radiating substances to absorb and practically con-

page_text: sume the fumes or unconsumed products of combustion as herein described and
enumerated.
(3) Incubators substantially as described and as shown in the drawing.
Dated this Twenty-first day of Januam: Wightoon hundred and
ISABELLA BATHGATE MACKINTOSH.
LOUIS ALEXANDER MACKINTOSH.