IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DAMPING AND PREPARING WARPS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Coates, of Rawtenstall, in the County
of Lancaster, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR DAMPING AND PREPARING WARPS."
Sealed the 1st May 1874, and dated the 12th November 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Coates at 'the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th November 1873.
I, GEORGE COATES, of Rawtenstall, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DAMPING AND PREPARING WARPS," to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is to damp or otherwise prepare the warp
before it is wound on the weaver's beam of slashers, tape legs, or other
sizing machines, or while the warp is being wound on the beaming
frame in the work known as ball-sized work.

page_text: My improved apparatus consists of a trough containing a solution of
antiseptic size or other liquid to prevent mildew and for damping or
preparing the warp. In this trough is a metal or other roller, the
lower surface of which dips in the liquid in the trough and the warp
passes over the upper surface of the roller. As the roller revolves it
carries a portion of the liquid with it and applies it to the warp, and
by increasing or reducing the speed of the roller more or less of the
liquid is applied to the warp.
My improved apparatus consists of a trough containing a solution of
antiseptic size or other liquid to prevent mildew and for damping or
preparing the warp. In this trough is a metal or other roller, the
lower surface of which dips in the liquid in the trough and the warp
passes over the upper surface of the roller. As the roller revolves it
carries a portion of the liquid with it and applies it to the warp, and
by increasing or reducing the speed of the roller more or less of the
liquid is applied to the warp.
The warps so prepared when put in the loom are found to possess the
required elasticity to prevent the ends breaking, the dust given off is
greatly reduced, and consequently the weight of cloth is increased.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Coates in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 9th May 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
COATES, of Rawtenstall, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said George Coates, Her special licence
that I, the said George Coates, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said George Coates, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR DAMPING AND PREPARING WARPS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said George Coates, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing, under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be

page_text: performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Coates, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say) :-
The object of my Invention is to damp or otherwise prepare the warp
during the operation of winding it on the weaver's beam, in slashers,
tape legs, or other sizing machines, and on winding-on or beaming
frames in the winding-on of the warp in the work known as ball-sized
work.
My improved apparatus consists of a trough containing an antiseptic
or other liquid suitable for damping the warp and to prevent mildew.
In this trough there runs a metal or other roller driven at a suitable
speed, which may be varied to meet the varieties and the circumstances
of the different kinds of work to which it may be adapted. The lower
surface of the said roller dips into the liquid in the trough and in
revolving carries with it a portion of the liquid in which it runs. The
roller is so placed that the yarn in the warp runs over the upper surface
thereof, and this comes in contact with the liquid, which is carried up
by the said roller from the trough, thereby damping the yarn as
previously indicated.
In the trough and bearing against the lower surface of the roller is a
cleaner or sieve made of gauze, which protects the liquid from dirt and
sediment as it comes in contact with the said roller, and thus prevents
the roller from marking or blotting the warps. This cleaner or sieve is
only necessary for some kinds of work.
Attached to the apparatus is or may be a lifting rod or bar which lifts
the warp off the roller when the frame is stopped, and thus prevents the
warp being marked across by its continued resting upon the roller
during the time of stoppage.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and
readily carried into operation, I will proceed to describe the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings, reference being had to the figures and
letters marked thereon.

page_text: Fig. 1 is an elevation of the end of an ordinary tape leg or slasher
sizing machine to which my improvements are applied, and Fig. 2 is a
transverse section of the improved apparatus drawn full size.
a is the reed; b, à guide roller; c, the drawing roller; d, another
guide roller; e, the warp beam; and f, the cone shaft, all of which are 5
made as usual, and form part of the sizing machine; g is a trough
containing the antiseptic or other liquid to be applied to the warp
threads. In this trough the roller revolves.
I prefer to make this roller of sheet copper, but it may be made of
other metal or material. The lower surface of the roller h is immersed 10
in the liquid in the trough, and as the roller revolves it carries a
portion of the liquid with it and applies it to the warp threads passing
over the roller.
The roller is turned slowly round by the mitre pinion f¹ on the cone
shaft f, gearing into the pinion i on the upright shaft, to the upper end 15
of which is fixed the worm, gearing into the worm wheel h¹ on the
axle of the roller h.
The speed of the roller h can be regulated by varying the gearing by
which it is driven to suit the different kinds of work. The warp after
being damped and prepared in the manner above described is carried 20
forward over the guide roller b, around the roller c, over the roller d,
and wound on the warp beam e.
Within the trough g is the cleaner and sieve j, the lower edge of
which bears against the circumference of the roller h to prevent any
sediment adhering to it, and the sieve prevents the passage of any 25
impurities in the liquid to the surface of the roller. The sieve is
supported on pivots to press the lower edge against the surface of the
roller.
The axle of the roller / supports the levers k, and these levers
support the lifting rod or bar k³, which extends from one end of the 30
roller to the other. These levers k are provided with a short arm k³,
which are connected to the knocking-off lever. When the machine is at
work the rod k¹ is in the position shewn by full lines in Fig. 2, and the
warp threads remain in contact with the roller h, but when the machine
is stopped the rod k¹ is raised into the position indicated by the dotted 35
lines and lifts the warp above the roller h. The object of this lifting rod

page_text: is to prevent the warp being marked by its continued resting upon the
roller during the time the machine is stopped.
I wish to remark that the cleaner and sievej and the lifting rod k³ are
more particularly adapted to beaming frames, as they are frequently
stopped to piece up broken ends, but they may be applied or not to other
sizing machines, according to circumstances.
The warps prepared in the manner above described when put into the
looms are found to be stronger and to possess much greater elasticity
than those prepared as usual; they are also not so much affected by dry,
frosty, or hot weather, and the dust and fly which usually fly off the
warp is greatly reduced, consequently the weight of the cloth and the
quantity produced are increased and the quality thereof is improved;
the atmosphere in the weaving shed is also not vitiated to the same
extent by the dust, and consequently the damping by steam is dispensed
with.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described a con-
venient manner of performing the same, I wish to remark that I do not
limit myself to the details given, as they must be varied according to the
peculiar construction of the machine to which my improvements are
applied, and I declare that I claim the application of the trough g and
roller h, or any equivalent agents to sizing, winding on, or beaming
machines for applying antiseptic or other liquid for damping the warps
and for the prevention of mildew as it is being wound on the beam, as
shewn and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Coates, have hereunto set