Improvements in and connected with Belt Driving Gear for Motor Carriages and other purposes.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Sept.. 1899
2041
1000
2000
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Belt Driving Gear for Motor
Carriages and other purposes.
We, ISRAEL PAUL, of 55, Tiverton Street, Watchmaker, and CARL BOLLÉ,
of 57, Barton Arcade, Consulting Engineer, both of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to belt driving gear for motor carriages and other
purposes and consists in the hereinafter described improved arrangements or
constructions of apparatus or mechanism for tightening driving belts and trans-
mitting motion from the driven belt-pulley to the driven shaft from which the
motion is further transmitted to the carriage wheels or other operating parts.
In motor cars in which the power is transmitted from the motor crank shaft
to the driving mechanism by a belt or more than one the slipping of the belt
when slack causes special inconvenience, while the use of belt tightening jockey
pulleys causes additional friction and prevents the piecing up of the belt by
ordinary belt fasteners. To remedy this it has been proposed to make the motor
moveable relatively to the driven shaft, but this would cause great difficulties
in the pipe connections and is not practicable. The object of our invention
is chiefly to remedy these defects and our invention consists chiefly in the
arrangement of means by which the belt may be readily tightened when required
without stopping the driving or increasing the frictional resistances as in the
case of jockey pulleys, and which also allows of the belt being shortened and
pieced up again by means of ordinary belt fasteners. Our further improve-
ments consist in applications of the belt tightening arrangements to cases where
belts are used for obtaining different speeds of the motor carriage and in arrange-
ments of mechanism connected therewith.
.
We propose to tighten. or slacken the belt by moving the driven belt pulley
away from or towards the pulley on the motor shaft as may be required. For this
purpose we fix the pulley upon one end of a short shaft, running in a moveable
bearing or pedestal. The bearing may be in a swing link, but preferably we
arrange it so that it can slide on suitable guides and be moved towards or from
the driving pulley by any suitable means, for instance, by means of a lever
connected thereto by links which lever can be locked in different positions.
Preferably we use a screw-spindle and nut for shifting the bearing, the spindle
or nut being turned directly or by means of gearing from a convenient position.
On the other end of the shaft is fixed a universal joint or coupling driving
extensible shaft, the other end of which likewise carries a universal joint driving
a shaft running in a stationary bearing or pedestal, from which shaft the motion
is further transmitted in any ordinary way to the driving wheels of the motor
carriage or other machine. The extensible shaft preferably is formed of a solid
shaft fixed to one of the universal joints and a tubular shaft fixed to the other
universal joint, said solid shaft sliding in the tubular one, and connected thereto
so as to turn with it by means of a feather and groove or by a cottar fixed in
an

page_text: one of the shafts and sliding in a slot of the other shaft. Instead of this arrange-
ment we may form the extensible shaft of links crossing and connected to each
other so as to form a lazy tongs or similar extensible link connection.
With this arrangement the distance between the driving and driven shaft
may be varied considerably, and the belt tightened or slackened to drive and
stop the motion, or pieced up again when broken by any ordinary beltfasteners,
while the friction is only slightly larger than if no tightening arrangement were
used.
This arrangement of sliding or moveable bearing for the driven pulley is also
particularly applicable where an expanding pulley is used for varying the speed.
When the expansion and construction of the pulley is produced by turning a
spindle or shaft in fixed bearings, a screw spindle held revolvably by collars
in a fixed bracket and a nut attached to the sliding pedestal so that it can be
revolved and locked in position are preferably employed, and the screw spindle
connected by wheel gearing to the spindle operating the expansion in such a
ratio that when the pulley is expanded the pedestal is moved proportionally nearer
to the driving shaft, so that the belt retains the same tension, the the tightening of
the belt when required being effected by turning the nut and locking it.
When a belt shifted from one pulley to another of the same size is used for
obtaining two speeds of the driving wheels of the carriage by means of two sets
of different toothed gearing, we arrange two pedestals on one slide in each of
which a short shaft is mounted, the two shafts meeting at the centre or pro-
truding one into the other. Between the faces of the pedestals a fast pulley is
fixed on each shaft and between these a loose pulley is mounted on the shaft ends,
a long drum being arranged on the motor shaft and suitable belt shifting
apparatus provided for shifting the belt from one pulley to another The slide
carrying the pedestals is moveable towards and from the driving shaft in the
Each of
manner hereinbefore described for the purpose of tightening the belt.
said shafts drives through a pair of universal joints and a sliding shaft as herein-
before described a shaft in a fixed bearing, one on the right and the other on
the left side of the car. Each of these shafts carries at its outer end a spur
pinion gearing with a spurwheel, the ratios of gearing being different at each
side.
These spurwheels are mounted loose upon a cross shaft and connected
thereto by clutches, preferably of the silent roller clutch kind, both clutches
being arranged so as to be gripped when the spur wheels are turned in the same
direction. By this arrangement when the belt is on one of the fast pulleys, the
pinion on the shaft driven by it will drive its spurwheel and this will drive the
cross shaft, the clutch of the other spurwheel revolving freely without driving
it, so that the second fast pulley and shafts connected to it remain stationary.
From the cross shaft, into which the usual balance gear may be inserted, the
motion is transmitted in any ordinary way to the driving wheels of the car.
Instead of obtaining two different speeds by gearing, we may obtain them by
belt pulleys of different size, fixed in the same way as in the arrangement herein
last described, with a conical loose pulley between them, the smaller and larger
diameters, of which are respectively equal to those of the two fast pulleys. The
tightening screw in this case may be formed with an eye at one end and con-
nected by a pin to the pedestal slide so as to be able to oscillate therein, and
the other end threaded through a cylindrical nut held by collars in a bush which
is mounted on pivots in a hand lever fixed on a stationary stud or a shaft in
stationary bearings at the bottom end and moving along a sector above, and
provided with a suitable catch for locking it in position in either of two notches
near the ends of the sectors.
By moving the lever from one position to the other the pedestal slide is shifted
50 that the same length of belt is tight on the larger and smaller driven pulley,
and occasional tightening of the belt can be effected by turning the nut in the
pivotted bush, a suitable locking device being provided. The lever is connected
by a rod to another lever on a shaft or stud and to the shaft or lever is fixed

page_text: a bevil wheel driving another bevil wheel on a shaft at a right angle thereto on
which the strap shifting fork is mounted.
The effective lengths of the levers and the sizes of the bevil wheels are so pro-
portioned, that as the pedestal slide is moved from its backward position to its
forward position, the belt is simultaneously shifted from the larger driven pulley
on to the smaller one, and vice versa. By these means the belt retains the same
amount of tension on both pulleys. The shafts of the pulleys drive as in the
arrangement with pulleys of equal size hereinbefore described through the double
universal joint and extensible shaft two shafts in stationary bearings, which
through spur pinions and spur wheels drive a cross shaft from which the motion
is transmitted to the car wheels. The spur pinions and wheels may be of the
same size or of different sizes on each side. Obviously the details of the arrange-
ment for moving the pedestal slide in and out simultaneously with the shifting
of the belt from one of the pulleys to the other may be varied to suit the general
arrangement of the car.
In a modification instead of using one shifting belt for obtaining two speeds
we use two separate belts, each belt driving a pulley on a shaft revolving in a
sliding pedestal. A screw spindle is arranged for each pedestal to slide it
towards or from the driving shaft, and the two spindles are connected by spur
wheels so that as one is rotated to tighten one of the belts, the other spindle
turns in the opposite direction and slackens the other belt In this manner when
one belt is tightened so as to drive the respective pulley, the other belt is slack
and does not drive, while in mid position both belts are slack and both pulleys
remain stationary. All the pulleys are preferably flanged so as to prevent the
slack belt from slipping off, and there may be arranged near to each driving.
pulley a roller extending under the belt and mounted on a stud in a lever held.
up by a spring, which when the belt is slack lifts it off the driving pulley
and prevents its being worn.
Evidently the arrangements for tightening driving belts and transmitting
motion hereinbefore described may be used for driving in suitable cases other
machines besides motor carriages.
Improvements in and connected with Belt Driving Gear for Motor
Carriages and other purposes.
We, ISRAEL PAUL, of 55, Tiverton Street, Watchmaker, and CARL BOLLÉ,
of 57, Barton Arcade, Consulting Engineer, both of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement: —
This invention relates to belt driving gear for motor carriages and other
purposes and consists in the hereinafter described improved arrangements or
constructions of apparatus or mechanism for tightening driving belts and trans-
mitting motion from the driven belt pulley to the driven shaft from which the
motion is further transmitted to the carriage wheels or other operating parts.
In motor cars in which the power is transmitted from the motor crank shaft
to the driving mechanism by a belt or more than one the slipping of the belt
when slack causes special inconvenience, while the use of belt tightening jockey

page_text: pulleys causes additional friction and prevents the piecing up of the belt by
ordinary belt fasteners. To remedy this it has been proposed to make the motor
moveable relatively to the driven shaft, but this causes great difficulties in the
pipe connections and inconvenience by leakages. The object of our invention
is chiefly to remedy these defects and our invention consists chiefly in the
arrangement of means by which the belt may be readily tightened when required
without stopping the driving or increasing the frictional resistances as in the
case of jockey pulleys, and which also allows of the belt being shortened and
pieced up again by means of ordinary belt fasteners. Our further improve-
ments consist in applications of the belt tightening arrangements to cases where
belts are used for obtaining different speeds of the motor carriage and in arrange-
ments of mechanism connected therewith..
On the drawings appended hereunto
Figures, 1 and 2 show a side view and end view of belt tightening and power
transmitting mechanism arranged according to our invention.
Figure 3 an application of the arrangement of mechanism to a motor car for
obtaining two speeds by shifting the belt.
Figure 4 a side view and Figure 5 a plan of a modified arrangement for:
obtaining two speeds by means of different sized pulleys actuated by one belt.
Figure 6 a side view and Figure 7 a plan of another modified arrangement.
for obtaining two speeds by means of two belts tightened alternately.
a screw
We propose to tighten or slacken the belt by moving the driven belt pulley
away from or towards the pulley on the motor shaft as may be required. For
this purpose we fix the pulley a Fig. 1 upon one end of a short shaft, a running
in a moveable bearing or pedestal a² or in two pedestals. The bearing or bearings
may be in a swing link, but preferably we arrange it so that it or they can slide
on suitable guide bar 6 and be moved towards or from the driving pulley by
any suitable means for instance, by means of a lever connected thereto by links
which lever can be locked in different positions. Preferably we use
spindle and nut for shifting the bearing, the spindle or nut being turned directly
or by means of gearing from a convenient position. On the drawing a screw
spindle is shewn threaded through the tapped body of the pedestal a², and
held in a bracket 2 connected to the slide b, and carrying a bevil wheel 63 which
can be turned by means of the bevil 64 on the spindle 65. Obviously any other
arrangement for the purpose of altering the distance between the pulleys and a
and fixing the moveable pedestals in position may be used. On the other end
of the shaft a is fixed a universal joint or coupling driving an extensible shaft,
the other end of which likewise carries a universal joint driving a shaft e running
in a stationary bearing or pedestal, or more than one, from which shaft the
motion is further transmitted in any ordinary way to the driving wheels of the
motor carriage or other machine. The extensible shaft preferably is formed of
a solid shaft fixed to one of the universal joints and a tubular shaft d³ fixed
to the other universal joint, said solid shaft sliding in the tubular one, and con-
nected thereto so as to turn with it by means of a feather and groove or by a
cottar. fixed in one of the shafts and sliding in a slot of the other shaft. Instead
of this arrangement we may form the extensible shaft of links crossing and con-
nected to each other so as to form a lazy tongs or similar extensible link connec-
tion.
With this arrangement the distance between the driving and driven shaft may
be varied considerably, and the belt tightened or slackened to drive and stop the
motion, or pieced up again when broken by any ordinary belt-fasteners while
the friction is only slightly larger than if no tightening arrangements were used.
This arrangement of belt driving gear may be advantageously used in all
cases where it is important that slipping of the belt should be prevented and
the belt shortened or pieced with the shortest possible interruption of the working.
This arrangement of sliding or moveable bearing for the driven pulley and
transmitting motion is also particularly applicable where an expanding pulley

page_text: 1s used for varying the speed. When the expansion and contraction of the
pulley is produced by turning a spindle or shaft in fixed bearings, a screw spindle
held revolvably by collars in a fixed bracket as shewn on Figures 1 and 2 and
a nut attached to the sliding pedestal a² so that it can be revolved and locked in
position are preferably employed, and the screw. spindle connected by wheel
gearing to the spindle operating the expansion on such a ratio that when, the
pulley is expanded the pedestal is moved proportionally nearer to the driving.
shaft, so that the belt retains the same tension, the tightening of the belt when
required being effected by turning the nut and locking it.
Figure 3 shows a plan of an application of this invention to an arrangement for
obtaining two speeds of the driving wheels of a motor car by means of a belt
shifted from one pulley to another of the same size and two sets of different
toothed wheels. We arrange two pedestals f and f¹ moveable in the slides f
and on the frame girders g and g¹. In each pedestal a shaft is mounted, the
shaft in pedestal being preferably hollow, and the shaft in pedestal fl
passing into it. Upon the shaft h the pulley h2 is keyed, and upon the shaft h
the pulley 3. Between these two pulleys there is a loose pulley, h. Upon the
motor crank shaft i in fixed bearings, a long belt drum is fixed, driving
one of the pulleys 3 or by, the belt, suitable belt shifting apparatus
of any convenient kind being provided. The two pedestals f and flare con-
nected by a bow f which is tapped for the screw spindle f³, which is held in
the crossrail 8 and can be turned by means of the bevil wheels f f and the
upright shaft foto tighten or slacken the belt. The shaft h drives through a.
pair of universal joints d d and telescopic shaft & a shaft mounted in a
stationary pedestal, while the shaft drives in the same way through two-
universal joints and a telescopic shaft the shaft mounted in a stationary
pedestal Motion is transmitted to the shaft from the shaft through the
spurwheels, and from the shaft through the spurwheels k, the spur-
wheels being of different sizes so that the shaft will be rotated at two different
speeds according to the position of the belt on the pulley hor. From the
shaft the power is transmitted to the driving wheels of the car in any suitable
way.
The spurwheels and are preferably mounted loose upon the shaft 8 and
formed with self engaging and disengaging, clutches preferably of the silent
roller clutch kind, or with pawl and ratchet clutches both clutches being arranged
to be engaged when the said spurwheels are turned by the driving mechanism
described in the same. direction. By this arrangement when the belt is on one
of the pulleys h² or h³, the pinion on the shaft k or k¹ driven by it will drive
its spurwheel or and this will drive the cross-shaft 18, the clutch of the
other spurwheel revolving freely without driving it, so that the other fast pulley
and the shafts and wheels connected to it remain stationary.
With this arrangement of belt and gear the belt can be tightened when
required by means of the screw f³, and can be eased off when the car is not
in use or standing, whereby a saving in the wear of the belt, and in cil when the
engine is running while the car is stationary is effected, while the starting of the
engine by turning the crankshaft by hand is rendered less laborious.
Instead of obtaining two different speeds by gearing, we may obtain them by
belt pulleys of different size. Figures 4 and 5 show how this arrangement may
be carried out.
On the crankshaft a belt drum is fixed. Parallel to the crank shaft a
shaft mis supported in pedestals m¹ that can slide in guides on the underside
of the frame girders m². Upon the shaft the pulleys and of different
diameters are fixed, with a loose conical pulley between them, the diameter at
each end of which is equal to that of the adjacent fixed pulley. Preferably a
fourth pulley 5 is also mounted loose upon the shaft m. The two pedestals m
are connected to a how m³, a link m is attached to the bow by a pin and the
screwed other end of the link passes freely through a cylindrical pin m³ capable

page_text: of rocking in the eye of a forked lever n, the link being adjusted by means of
lock nuts me. The lever n is formed or fixed on a shaft n¹ supported in brackets n²
from the girders m², and has welded or fixed to it the handle n³, which is provided
with a spring catch engaging into notches on a sector nt. By moving the handle
the shaft m is shifted towards or away from the crank shaft 7, and notches are
so cut in the sector that when the handle is in the position shewn on the
drawing and the belt is tight upon the pulley B, then if the handle is moved into
the forward notch and the belt shifted sideways on to the pulley 12, it is likewise
tight upon the pulley 12. An occasional tightening of the belt can be effected
by adjusting the length of the link m' by means of the lock nuts mo.
On
For the purpose of shifting the belt simultaneously with the forward or back-
ward movement of the handle and shaft m, any suitable mechanism may be
arranged. Preferably the arrangement shewn on the drawing is applied.
the shaft n another lever n³ is fixed to which a rack o is connected. This rack
gears with a pinion o¹ on a vertical shaft or stud to which pinion the larger
spurwheel is connected, which gears with a rack o³ to which the strap fork o
is fixed. As the handle n³ is moved forward, the strap fork shifts the belt from
the pulley upon the pulley 73 simultaneously with the forward movement of
the shaft m. When the handle is moved further back, the strap is shifted upon
the loose pulley 15 while at the same time the shaft m is moved further back and
the belt slackened.
a
The shaft m drives through a pair of universal joints and a telescopic shaft
shaft ย mounted in fixed bearings, from which the motion may be
transmitted to the driving wheels of the car in any convenient way, for instance
by a spurwheel driving a wheel p² on the box 23 containing the balance gear
by means of which the shaft 7 is rotated; from which the car wheels are driven
by chains in the usual way.
Obviously the arrangement may be varied, for instance the pulleys and 73
arranged on separate shafts mounted on sliding pedestals and driving each a
shaft in fixed bearings by means of two universal joints and an extensible shaft
in a similar manner as in the arrangement described with reference to Figure 3.
Figures 6 and 7 show a modified arrangement in which instead of one shifting
belt for obtaining two speeds we use two separate belts for this purpose. On the
crank shaft two belt pulleys 12 are fixed. The pulley r drives the pulley
on the shaft s mounted in the sliding pedestals ss, and the pulley 2 drives the
pulley on the shaft t mounted in the sliding pedestals . The pedestals s¹²
are connected by a bow to which the link is attached which is threaded
through a nut that can revolve in a brackets. In the same way the pedestals t¹ t
are connected by a bow attached to a link which is threaded through a nut
in the bracket t. On the nuts a bevil wheel s is fixed and on the nut to the bevil
wheel t7. A cross shaft u is arranged carrying the bevils u u² gearing respec-
tively with sand 7, so that by turning the shaft, for instance, by the bevils u ur
and a vertical shaft 5 fitted with a hand wheel, the nuts $7 and are turned
in opposite directions, and the shaft s is drawn forward and the belt on 13
tightened, while the shaft t is moved back and the belt on 24 slackened and
vice versa, both belts being slack when the shafts are in mid position. By these
means the shafts s and t can be driven alternately or both be put out of action.
To relieve the driving shaft from the friction of the belts when slack, a roller
may be arranged on a stud fixed in a lever mounted loose upon the driving
shaft, which lever when the pedestals are pushed back towards the driving
shaft, is turned round the same by the rod a connected to one of them and embrac-
ing with its slotted end the said studs. The same arrangement would be applied
to the other belt.
The shaft s drives through two universal joints and an extensible shaft the
shaft mounted in fixed pedestals, and the shaft t in the same way the shaft w.
From these shafts the motion is further transmitted in any convenient way,
for instance from through the spurwheel ¹ to another spurwheel 2, and from

page_text: wo through spurwheel to w². The wheels 2 and 2 are mounted upon sleeves y
on the box y containing the balance gear, and drive the same preferably by
means of self locking and disengaging roller or pawl and ratchet clutches in the
manner 'herein before described with reference to Figure 3.
The balance gear
drives the shafts y2 y3 carrying chain wheels y for driving the car wheels in
the usual manner.
The arrangement of gearing described may be varied to suit the different
general arrangement of the motor cars. Backward motion may be added where
required in any convenient way.
Instead of using the arrangements described with reference to Figures 3, and 6
and 7, for obtaining two forward speeds they may obviously also be used for
driving one of the stationary shafts forward and the other backward, by crossing
one of the belts or inserting a carrier wheel between the spurwheel on the sliding
shaft and that on the fixed shaft.
Evidently the arrangements for tightening driving belts and transmitting
motion hereinbefore described may be used in suitable cases for driving other
machines besides motor carriages.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. The arrangement of mechanism for transmitting motion from one shaft
to a second shaft consisting of a belt pulley, fixed on one of the said shafts
driving by a belt another pulley on a third shaft mounted in moveable bearings
and connected by a universal joint to an extensible shaft or its equivalent,
which is connected by another universal joint to said second shaft and means
for varying the. distance of the moveable bearings from the first shaft and
holding them in position, substantially as and for the purpose bereinbefore set
forth and illustrated by the drawings.
2. The combination with a driving shaft and belt pulley thercon of a belt
pulley fixed on a second shaft mounted in sliding bearings, an extensible shaft
connected at one end by a universal joint to said second shaft and at the other
end by a universal joint to a third shaft mounted in fixed bearings and means
for moving the said sliding bearings towards or away from the said driving shaft,
substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 1 and 2 of the
drawings.
3. In motor cars and the like the combination with the motor shaft and a broad
belt pulley thereon of two belt pulleys of the same diameter each fixed on a shaft
mounted in sliding bearings said shafts being concentric and having a loose
pulley between them on one of said shafts, each of said shafts driving by means
of a universal joint an extensible shaft which drives by another universal joint
a shaft mounted in fixed bearings, means for shifting the belt from one pulley
to another and for varying the distance of the concentric shafts from the driving
shaft, and gearing for transmitting the motion from the stationary shafts to the
driving wheels of the car, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated
by Figure 3 of the drawings.
4. In a motor car or the like the arrangement on the motor shaft of a broad
belt pulley, a shaft mounted on sliding bearings having two belt pulleys fixed
thereon of different diameters, a conical pulley between them loose upon said
shaft having at each end a diameter equal to that of the adjacent pulley, with or
without a second loose pulley of the same diameter as the larger pulley a link
adjustable in length connecting the sliding bearings to a lever on a shaft moveable
by a handle provided with a catch adapted to engage into notches on a sector;
a universal joint at the end of said shaft driving an extensible shaft, a second
universal joint at the other end of the extensible shaft driving a shaft in fixed
bearings from which the motion is transmitted by gearing to the driving wheels
of the car, in combination with belt shifting mechanism, for shifting the belt by

page_text: the movement of the said handle substantially as hereinbefore described with
reference to Figure 4 and 5 of the drawings.
5. In a motor car or the like the arrangement on the motor shaft of two belt
pulleys driving by belts two pulleys on two shafts mounted on sliding bearings
each of said shafts driving by means of two universal joints and an extensible
shaft a shaft mounted in fixed bearings from which shafts the motion is trans-
mitted to the driving wheels of the car, in combination with mechanism for
alternately moving the shafts mounted in sliding bearings towards or away
from the motor shaft substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to
Figure 6 and 7 of the drawings.