FOR MAKING CARRIAGES ON A NEW CONSTRUCTION FOR COACHES, CHARIOTS, VIS-A-VIS, CURRICLES, ONE-HORSE CHAISES DRAWN ON WHEELS, AND ALSO SLEDS WITHOUT WHEELS, CHIEFLY USED IN RUSSIA, HOLLAND, AND OTHER COUNTRIES SUBJECT TO MUCH ICE AND SNOW
Year: 1788

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HATCHETT, of the Parish of Saint Martin in the Fields, in the Liberty of
Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, Coach Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date the Twenty-
first day of March, One thousand seven hundred and eighty-eight, in the
twenty-eighth year of the reign of His reign, did give unto me, the said John
Hatchett, His special licence that I, the said John Hatchett, during the termi
of years therein expressed, should and lawfully make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Inven-
tion "FOR MAKING CARRIAGES ON A NEW CONSTRUCTION FOR COACHES, CHARIOTS,
VIS-A-VIS, CURRICLES, ONE-HORSE CHAISES DRAWN ON WHEELS, AND ALSO SLEDS
WITHOUT WHEELS, CHIEFLY USED IN RUSSIA, HOLLAND, AND OTHER COUNTRIES SUBJECT
TO MUCH ICE AND SNOW;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso
obliging me, the said John Hachett, under my hand and seal, to cause a par-
ticular description of the nature of my said Invention, and how the same is to
be performed, to be 'inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
one calendar month after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, relation being thereunto had, may more fully and at
large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance to and in pursuance of the said
provisoè, 1; the said John' Hatchett, do hereby declare that my said Invention
for Making Carriages on a Construction for Coaches, Chariots, Vis-a-vis,

page_text: Phaetons, Curricles, One-horse Chaises drawn on Wheels, and also Sleds with-
out Wheels, chiefly used in Russia, Holland, and other Countreys subject to
much Ice and Snow, is and are described in the Plans or Drawings hereunder
made, and the explanations and reference thereunto as follows, viz:-
EXPLANATION and REFERENCE to the Hind End, Figure 1.
A, are standards made of wood, or iron if required, and framed or fixed
by bolts, &c. to B, the axletree bed; a cross bar C, framed on the top of
the standards, and made in length in proportion as the Drawing C describes,
or to reach over to the outside of the fellies, or square with the outside
points or end of axletrees, as may be most approved of, to answer for leggs or
supporters when the wheels throw over, and to keep the perch from the
ground so as to admit of the body, coach box, platforms, and footman's stage,
resuming their perpendicular situation. On the centre of C, the cross bar, is
fixed a box for D, a swivel, to turn in, which swivel is of iron, or, if required, may
be made of wood. This swivel to be fixed to E, an upright standard, as high
as possible the carriage will admit of, to be jointed or framed on to the perch,
keeping the perch at a proper distance from the ground, and so that the perch
will swing clear between the wheels. And also remember, that in making, the
weight is suspended and carried as much below the swivel or centre of
bearing as possible, so that the middle frame of the carriage and body may
poize themselves. At the bottom, or nearly at the bottom, of the upright
standard E is fixed a sweep F, or part of a circle, with an iron tongue G,
about of an inch in thickness, and the whole length of the sweep (or it may
be made longer or shorter as required); this tongue to run or slide in a grove
made in another sweep or part of a circle, as H, each curve made to fit the other
exactly; this last-mentioned sweep to be fixed firm to the axletree bed B, the use
of which is to keep the carriage together, and to draw from for strength; and to
prevent the swivel being strained, upon the swivel is framed a cross bar I, length
from two feet to four feet or thereabouts, as may require to turn with the swivel.
K are iron leavers let into the top of this bar, and the tails of them nearly joining
each other in the middle of the bar; the hook ends, as K describes, to receive the
rings for the stay braces L to buckle too, and which keeps the carriage and body
from swinging more than is necessary, and also to counteract the weight on
the lowest wheels, by returning it to the highest wheels. M are steel springs
laying horizontal with the axletree, and which the bottom of the stay braces
are fixed to, in order that when the stay braces are buckled tight the carriage
and wheels may be elastic. On the same swivel D is fixed an iron or brass
wheel cut with teeth, to turn with the swivel; and over the box which the

page_text: swivel turns in, is affixed another wheel, horizontal, cut with teeth, to fit
the wheel on the spindle, see Figure 2, letter N. This wheel is fixed by a round
bolt, upright, and nut at top as O; also a circle plate is fixed fast to this
horizontal wheel, with a flap or hand (see P) to it, projecting from the wheel,
laying over the ends or tails of the iron leavers, and to act according to the
rise or fall of the ground with the wheels, so that when either wheel is raised
beyond b, its equilibrium, the hand turns off from the tails of the leavers
and discharges the opposite spring, and lets the wheels free from the other.
part of the carriage, so that the bod, coach box, platform, and footman's stage
resume their perpendicular situation.
The Fore End, Figure 3d.-Q, two standards are fixed to the fore transume,
and a cross bar R, in the same manner as this Figure describes. The fore
swivel in manner as that behind, and in high equal with the hind swivel from
the ground. The cross bar, which turns with the swivel iron, leavers, stay-
braces, and knotched wheels, and also the horizontal springs, which are fixed
to the fore transum, are made in the same manner as those behind, de-
scribed in Figure 1. The boot S (or platform) and coach box turns with
the swivil; the pole or poles, as sometimes two poles are to be used, rise.
and fall with the motion of the horses, by the splintree bar or bars (the
poles are fixed too) made to turn in sockets V. In order to take off the
extra weight of the leaver the pole adds, being fixed in the old manner.
Figure 2.-T, a draw-out support, of iron or wood, from under the bottom,
to prevent the body from giving too much under by the weight of the person*
on the step; this is to be used with any other carriages made in the old manner
for the same purpose. W, friction rolers to the perch; also a friction roler
behind the boot to prevent the swivel from being strained.
For making chariots, vis-a-vis, and phaetons, follow the same principle
and direction as the coach is made upon, except (when it is required)
the phaeton body may be carried and suspended forwarder, nearly about
where the boot of the coach is fixed, see Fig. 3, Letter S.
Curricles and one horse chaises.-Their hind ends to be made as Fig. 1,
with this difference, instead of a perch, the two shafts are to be suspended
from a swivel in the same manner, and to swing clear between the wheels,
and when required to be lighted on the horses, to use an axletree called
a spit axletree, thus
The body of the sled to be
suspended upon the same principle as the other carriages drawn on wheels;
instead of the body being fixed tight to the carriage as usual, to be made
to swing on swivels upon its carriage in the same manner as the middle

page_text: frame of the coach carriage is, see Letters X, X, Fig. 2. The saddle,
which the driver rides astride on, is to turn with the swivel, and a leavér fixt
tight from the saddle reaching near to the foot stage to swing with the body;
also a spring catch 'and a pedal lever to it, fix'd to the foot stage; to stay the
leaver from under the saddle, and which is to be discharged at pleasure, by
the foot of the driver treading on the pedal leaver.
In regard to the form and manner of making them, refer to Drawing, which
may be got in London, France, or from the country where those carriages
are used; the shapes varied as fancy may dictate.
.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Hatchett, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Seventeenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand seven hundred and eighty-eight.
JOHN HATCHETT. (L.S.)
AND BE IT REMEMBRED, that on the Eighteenth day of April, in the
year last above mentioned; the said John Hatchett, in the said Court of Chan-
cery, acknowledged the said Specification, and every 'article and thing therein
contained and specified. And that the same was duly inrolled, according to
the tenor of the Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the said "Eighteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand seven hundred and eighty-éight.
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