IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Carl Herman von Ullner, native of Germaine, State of
Hanover, residing at 74, Drummond Street, Euston Square, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS,"
Sealed the 21st October 1870 and dated the 08th Tae 1970
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Carl Herman von Ullner at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th June 1879.
CARL HERMAN VON ULLNER, native of Germanie, State of Hanover, residing at
74, Drummond Street, Euston Square. "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS.”
This Invention relates to improvements in ventilators, and has for its object to
expel the vitiated air, smoke, and gases from a flue, room, warehouse, or elsewhere,
by means of a current of pure air in the following manner :-
I construct a hollow casing or body of any suitable material or materials, open at
top and bottom, and which bulges out in its centre while its upper and lower
extremities taper off in a conical form.
In the lower half of such casing or body I form any convenient number of lateral
apertures which are wide at the top and tapering towards the bottom. These
apertures are protected internally by curved shield plates which render the bottoms
and sides of such apertures air tight internally while they are left open at the top
to allow the fresh air to pass through, as presently mentioned.
I likewise form in the upper half of such casing or body a corresponding number
of apertures of a similar form, only reversed, that is to say, wide at the bottom and
tapering towards the top, which are also protected internally by curved shield plates
so arranged as to render the sides only of such apertures air tight, but leaving the
tops and bottoms thereof open while they overhang the shield plates fixed over the
lower apertures, and thus form a continuous flue or opening, wide in the centre and
tapering at both enda.
I then place internally over such upper apertures shield plates of a corresponding
form which are made air tight both at the sides and top, but are left open at
the bottom in order to increase the force of the draught through the ventilator.
I then insert in the aperture at the top of such casing or body a funnel shaped tube
of sufficient length to project internally down such body or casing below the inner

page_text: shield plates which screen the upper apertures, while above the apex of such tube I
fix in any convenient manner a conical cap or cover.
Having so constructed my improved ventilator I fix the same either in the air
shaft, or chimney, or elsewhere, when its operation is as follows:—
The external air descending into the lower lateral apertures again ascends through
the flues formed by the overhanging upper internal shield plates, and the force of
the current being increased by the draught rushing in at the bottom of the external
shield plates it attracts and draws with it the surrounding vitiated atmosphere
which ascends and passes out at the top of the ventilator.
If desired an additional conical flue may be attached to the bottom of the 1
ventilator to increase the draught.
My improved ventilator may be advantageously applied to boiler and engine
shafts, as owing to the current crented thereby it considerably increases the draught
of the furnace.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Carl Herman von Ullner in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
27th December 1879.
CARL HERMAN VON ULLNER, native of Germaine, State of Hanover, residing at
74, Drummond Street, Euston Square. "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS."
This Invention has for its object an improved construction of syphonic ventilator,
whereby no matter at what point the wind may strike it, or in what direction the
air current may be, a sufficient vacuum is created within the chimney or air shaft
to induce a powerful suction, thereby causing the smoke or vitiated air to be drawn
upwards and diffused in the external atmosphere, and so effectually preventing
smoky chimneys and purifying the atmosphere of the appartment, warehouse, or
other locality where it is fitted.
In the accompanying Drawings similar letters of reference indicate corresponding
parts. Figure 1 shows an external elevation, and Figure 2 a sectional elevation of
one of my improved syphon ventilators; and Figure 3 is a plan view from the
underside shewing the arrangement of the curved shield plates, division plates, and
disc plate presently mentioned.
To carry out my Invention I proceed as follows:-I construct a hollow cylinder a
of any suitable metal or material and dimensions, open at either extremity and
fitted with an outer casing b, also made of any suitable metal or material. Such
external casing is of greater diameter in the centre (indicated at line A, B,
Figures 1-2) than at its extremities (indicated by lines C, D, E, F, in the same
Figures), and which latter are of about equal dimensions. Moreover, such external
casing is intersected with any suitable number of vertical division plates o
springing from its base at the point indicated by line C, D. and extending to the
top at line E, F. Such division plates are placed equidistantly from each other,
and form a series of lateral apertures which I convert into flues by allowing their
lower ends to remain open (as seen in Figure 1) while I cover their upper ends with
hood-shaped shield plates d extending downwards about half the length of such
apertures.
I sometimes dispense altogether with the lower and open portions of such apertures,
which are rather ornamental than essential, and so reduce the length thereof, the
division plates c in this case springing from the point at line A, B, instead of, as
indicated in the Drawings, from that at line C, D. By so doing I economise both
labour and material without diminishing the utility of my improved syphonic
ventilator.
Placed at the top of the cylinder a on suitable supports e is a conical shaped cap e¹
of any convenient dimensions, so poised as to leave a clear opening of say 4 inches
all round between it and the cylinder, and having an orifice at its summit, which
orifice is screened from within by a disc plate f of corresponding dimensions; such
disc plate is fixed to the sides of the cone by suitable crossbars f, and is conveniently
placed therein so as to leave a suitable and uniform space all round between its edge
and the sides of the cone.
When my improved syphon top is used as a ventilator only I make the disc plate f
either of a slightly concave or inverted conical form (taking care not to diminish its
diameter in so doing) in order to obviate the rain falling off therefrom, and thenco
down the air shaft, and so injuring the room with which the latter communicates.
I would here observe that in many instances portions only of my improved
ventilating apparatus may be advantageously employed. In Figure 4 I have shewn
one arrangement of the cone and disc which form the cowl of my improved syphonic
ventilator used independently and in a horizontal position so as to present the
surface of the disc to the wind, in which direction it is held by a fan or feather g.
By this alternative arrangement an equally perfect ventilation is obtained as if the
ențire ventilator is employed,

page_text: Somo of the chief advantages of my Invention are, firstly, it is certain and
perfect in its action, as in whichever direction the wind may blow it cannot fail to
create sufficient suction to produce a vacuum, and thus extract the smoke and
vitiated atmosphere; secondly, there are no mechanical parts to become disarranged
or clogged; thirdly, the harder the wind blows and the more vertical its direction
the greater is the up-draught created.
I do not confine myself to the precise details hereinbefore set forth, as the same
may be varied without departing from my Invention. I claim,-
1°. Constructing a syphonic ventilator whereby in whatever direction the air
current may be, sufficient suction is created to extract the smoke and foul air from
any chimney or air shaft to which the same is applied.
2°. The improved combination and arrangement of parts therein, substantially as
herein before described and illustrated.
3°. The separate and independent use of parts of my improved ventilating
apparatus forming the cowl thereof, as described and illustrated at Figure 4 of the
accompanying Drawings.
4°. The constructing a cowl consisting of a conical cap open at the top and having
a suitably shaped disc fixed within, substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Carl Herman von Üllner, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty third day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
MAMACA BRAV
Witness,
ELT & CO.,
British, Foreign, and Colonial Patent Agenta,
33, Southampton Buildings,
Holborn,
London,
W.C.
KAL
AT THA