matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING MINES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert Panmure Ribton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
February 1861.
I, HERBERT PANMURE RIBTON, of Dublin, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY APPARATUS FOR
LIGHTING MINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of appa-
ratus for lighting mines where inflammable gases are prevalent, whereby.
explosions of fire damp are avoided, whilst a superior light is obtained.
According to this Invention it is proposed to employ a peculiar gas, oil, or
candle lamp as the lighting medium, the burner of which when gas is used is
constructed on the well-known Argand principle, although any other form of
burner applicable may be used, and is supplied with gas from a main running
through the galleries of the mine. The light itself is enclosed in a glass
cylinder, which is closed at both ends, and completely shut in from the sur-
rounding atmosphere, the requisite supply of air to the several lamps being
effected through suitable branch pipes in connection with an air main, also
running through the galleries and workings of the mine; when requisite this
supply of air may be forced through the main by any suitable contrivance. A
third tube or main serves to carry off the products of combustion from the
lamps, the chimnies of the several lamps being fitted at their upper ends into
this tube for that purpose. Each lamp is protected from fracture by a strong

page_text: wire cage, which, when struck, instantly extinguishes the light. This is
accomplished by connecting the cage with a moveable frame and arm so
adjusted that whether the cage be struck horizontally, vertically, or obliquely,
the arm will be displaced, and such displacement will release a spring lever,
which will instantly compress a flexible portion of the gas supply pipe, thereby
cutting off the supply and extinguishing the light. A self-acting spring is also
employed for closing the branch pipe from the gas main should the light be
accidentally extinguished:
IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS OR OVENS FOR BURNING OR CALCINING LIMESTONE, CHALK, CEMENT, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES REQUIRING SUCH PROCESS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marie François Alexandre Courtoise
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th September 1861.
I, MARIE FRANÇOIS ALEXANDRE COURTOISE, Architect, of Paris, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS OR OVENS
FOR BURNING OR CALCINING LIMESTONE, CHALK, CEMENT, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
REQUIRING SUCH PROCESS," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to an improved construction of kiln or oven for
burning or calcining limestone, chalk, cement, and other substances requiring
such process, such, for instance, as gypsum, shells, or others. The outside of
the kiln is either of a round, a square, truncated, pyramidal, or other suitable
form, whilst the inside central calcining flue or oven is of an elliptical trun-
cated conical shape; towards the bottom of this calcining flue is provided round
part of its periphery with an arched gallery or colonnade of fire-bricks or other
suitable fire-resisting material, which gallery serves as a fire-place, in which
the fuel is thrown from the outside through one or more suitable doors, whilst
the flame arising from the fuel passes between the columns to reach the lime-
stone or other materials to be calcined contained in the central flue. In the
interior of the brickwork round the gallery a flue communicating with the
outer air, which outer or feed air in passing through this flue becomes suitably
heated, and is projected on the fuel through a quantity of small openings with
which the said flue is provided. The limestone or other materials to be burned

page_text: or calcined are introduced at the top of the kiln, and after having been
sufficiently calcined the same are raked out towards the bottom of the oven
along a suitable incline. The kiln may be heated with wood, coals, or any
other suitable fuel.
AN IMPROVED LATH FOR VENETIAN BLINDS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Pace at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th December
1861.
I, EDMUND PACE, of the Firm of Taylor and Pace, of Queen Street, in the
City of London, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for " AN IMPROVED LATH FOR VENETIAN BLINDS," to be as follows:-
Heretofore laths for Venetian blinds have each been formed of one single
strip of wood, from which inconveniences have arisen. Now the object of
my Invention is to avoid these inconveniences and at the same time to effect
a saving in wood.
My Invention consists in forming each separate lath of two leaves of wood,
produced by a wood slicing machine, glued or cemented together. Warping
is prevented, after planing is avoided, and saving in wood is effected.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILIZING WASTE OR DEFECTIVE PIECES OF TUBING MADE OF IRON OR OF OTHER METAL OR METALLIC ALLOY
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Bennett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th June.
1861.
I, SAMUEL BENNETT, the younger, of Handsworth, in the County of Stafford,
Coke, Coal, and Iron Dealer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILIZING WASTE OR DEFECTIVE
PIECES OF TUBING MADE OF IRON OR OF OTHER METAL OR METALLIC ALLOY,"
to be as follows:-
In the manufacture and use of tubing made of iron or brass, or other metal
or alloy, waste or defective pieces are cut from the said tubing, such pieces.
being commonly called scrap. My Invention consists in utilizing the said:
scrap in the following manner :-
For convenience of description, I will describe my Invention as applied to-
the utilizing of scrap or waste tubing of iron. I heat the said waste pieces to
redness, and make an incision or slit in one side by means of a rotatory cutter:
or otherwise. The said incision or cut is made in a direction parallel to tho
axis of the tubing. The piece of tubing now resembles a piece of skelp or
unwelded tube; I open out or flatten the slit tube, so as to-make it into a flat
or nearly flat plate. The plates thus obtained are reheated if necessary, and
passed between rolls, whereby they are made sufficiently flat to be used for the
purposes herein-after described, and when requisite they may by the said
rolling be reduced in thickness to any required degree. The plates or sheets
thus obtained may be used for cutting or stamping such articles from as are

page_text: usually cut or stamped from sheet iron, such as nails, washers, and hinges, and
may also be applied to the manufacture of the cases and other parts of locks,
ships' thimbles, tew irons, ferrules, spoons, trays, and bucket ears.
In utilizing waste or scrap tubing made of copper or brass or other metal or
alloy I proceed as in the manner described with reference to waste or scrap 5
tubing made of iron, excepting that when the metal or alloy is sufficiently soft
and ductile to be readily cut, opened, and rolled without being heated, I
dispense with the heating described. The plates thus obtained may be applied
to any purpose to which they are applicable.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TENNIS AND RACKET BATS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thomas Hutchings at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th August 1861.
I, JOHN THOMAS HUTCHINGS, of Charlton, in the County of Kent, Racket
Shoe Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TENNIS AND RACKET BATS," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists principally in the combination for such purposes of
india-rubber, either by itself or in any of its various plastic compounds, or any
other similar and suitable material.
I make the india-rubber or compound material pulpy in the usual manner,
and in such pulpy state place it in a mould of the required shape or form,
where it remains until it has undergone the usual process of hardening, so as
to give it the consistency and strength of what is known as ebonite, or other-
wise known as vulcanite, and usually called hard rubber. I then remove
them from the mould and finish off by burnishing.
In some cases, such as when unusual lightness is desirable, I use paper, and
form it in moulds, as before stated, and when sufficiently dry and hard I
remove it from the mould and finish off in the ordinary way.
The advantage of this Invention is, that unlike the bats at present in use,
they will retain their uniform shape for any length of time; not liable to be
affected by climate or temperature; consequently the use of presses, as
heretofore, will not be required to force them into shape.
A PASTEBOARD, MILLBOARD, & CARDBOARD MEDAL FOR ADVERTISING PURPOSES. IN. LIEU. OF HANDBILLS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Saunderson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th July
1861.
I, THOMAS SAUNDERSON, of 76, Princes Street, Dunston Road, Kingsland,
N.E., Engraver, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
PASTEBOARD, MILLBOARD, & CARDBOARD MEDAL FOR ADVERTISING PURPOSES. IN. LIEU.
OF HANDBILLS," to be as follows:-
An imitation of medals in pasteboard, millboard, cardboard, & papier
machie, the sizes of the coinage of G. Britain & Ireland, or any other country,
& printed in gold, silver, & copper bronzes, or gold, silver, & Dutch metals, or
any color or pigment, with & without any device, inscription, medallion,, or
design printed, embossed, engine-turned, or stamped thereon, for any advertising
trade or secular purposes, or in any other circular or oval shape, or any other
size, in imitation of a medal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLANNEL
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
October 1861.-A communication from abroad by Jean Pierre Manichon,
junior, of Reims, France, Manufacturer.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of No. 11,
Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF FLANNEL," (communicated to me from abroad by Jean Pierre
Manichon, junior, of Reims, France, (Manufacturer), to be as follows:-
In the manufacture of twilled flannels it is proposed to take threads of
combed wool (Australian, French, or other), warping, dressing, and weaving by
the usual means, using a woof of combed wool of a number regulated by the
quality of flannel to be made. The web will be burled and picked by means
of arenaceous cloths and then scoured. When it is desired to render the fabric
less shrinkable, it will be slightly fulled, then bleached with sulpher and folded
for sale.
In manufacturing another description of flannel known as "Rolivard's," it
is proposed to take threads of combed wool of a thickness suited to the
thickness to be given to the fabric, warping, dressing, and weaving by the
usual means, using a woof of combed wool, and burling and picking, if
necessary; but if the knots are neither strong or numerous it will suffice to
raise or nap the stuff after wetting, that is to say, after a slight fulling,
then bleach, sulphur, relay the pile or nap, and fold.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEARINE
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Eugène de Bassano, Gentleman, and Adolphe
Brudenn, Civil Engineer, residing in Brussels, in the Kingdom of
Belgium, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
STEARINE."
Sealed the 31st October 1861, and dated the 2nd May 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Eugène de Bassano and
Adolphe Brudenn at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 2nd May 1861.
We, EUGÈNE DE BASSANO, Gentleman, and ADOLPHE BRUDENN, Civil
Engineer, residing in Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
STEARINE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in adding to new or virgin acidified fatty matters
to be subjected to distillation carbonaceous or charred matters, by preference
pulverized charcoal as being free from empyreumatic oil and other substances
contained in animal charcoal, lampblack, and mineral coal, we also propose
to employ carbonaceous or charred matters, produced either directly or indirectly
from the combustion of glyceric residue fatty matter, the residue of burnt

page_text: wood, feculæ, and in short the residue arising from the combustion of any
substance containing carbon. We add to the fatty matters after they have
been subjected to the acidifying process a small quantity of carbonaceous or
charred matter as previously described, say, from one quarter to one half per
cent. of the weight of the sulphuric acid used, there having previously been
added to the fatty matters one-fifth or one-sixth, or even more of oleine or oleic
acid or other oleaginous substances capable of producing elaidic acid. The
quantity being in proportion to the quantity of concrete fatty acid which it
is desired to obtain. By this Invention a larger quantity of stearine is obtained
from a given quantity of fatty matters than by the means heretofore employed
of manufacturing stearine.
THE USE OF ALUMINIUM FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENTS USED FOR GEOMETRICAL DRAWING, SURVEYING, AND NAUTICAL PUR- POSES, AND IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Ford Stanley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
. December 1861.
I, WILLIAM FORD STANLEY, Mathematical Instrument Maker,, of 3, Great
Turnstile, Holborn, London, W.C., do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "THE USE OF ALUMINIUM FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF MATHEMATICAL
INSTRUMENTS USED FOR GEOMETRICAL DRAWING, SURVEYING, AND NAUTICAL PUR-
POSES, AND IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
The metal aluminium or its alloys is to be used as a material for making
all or such parts of mathematical instruments as the construction may be
suited for. By the term mathematical instruments, I intend any instrument to
measure mathematically levels, altitudes, circles, bearings, and lines, or an instru-
ment to set out or draw the same on land, chart, or paper, technically known as
theodolites, levels, circumferenters, sextants, quadrants, mining dials, magnetic
and prismatic compasses, drawing compasses of all kinds, scales and rules, or
any other instrument used to measure mathematically, by whatever name it
may be called. Improvement in the construction of sector and knee joints used
in mathematical instruments, in this case rendered necessary by the softness
of aluminium, is to make the centre plate of thin steel fixed to what is
technically called the head side of joint, and to have a steel washer loose
between each of the other parts of the joint where the two surfaces of
aluminium would otherwise come in contact. This improvement is claimed if
applied to other metals.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE TREAT- MENT OF INDIA-RUBBER
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Augustin Godefroy at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
May 1861.
I, PETER AUGUSTIN GODEFROY, of 3, King's Mead Cottages, New North
Road, Islington, in the County of Middlesex, Operative Chemist, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE TREAT-
MENT OF INDIA-RUBBER," to be as follows:-
For the improvement in the treatment of india-rubber by immersing it in
bisulphide of carbon of chlorid of sulphur. The strength of this solution to be
sufficient to penetrate the india-rubber, and which strength is varied accord-
ing to the thickness of the goods to be operated on. The india-rubber is then
removed out of this solution and dried in the air.
The treatment of india-
rubber is then as follows:-Vegetable oil (say Gallipoli) is taken, and to
every quart of it is applied one-eighth, more or less, of the pure sulphuric acid,
which is held in complete combination; this having been mixed and ready,
the india-rubber is immersed from ten to fifteen minutes in it, more or less.
It is then taken out and rinsed in hot water to cleanse it from all superfluous
matter, and afterwards placed in a boiler or steam chamber heated up to 212
degrees of Fahrenheit thermometer, and as high as 300 degrees, according to
the thickness of the india-rubber. The time of boiling or steaming is from
one to four hours. The goods having undergone this process and being dried,
are finished and fit for use.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HAY-MAKING MACHINES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Howard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th December
1861.
I, JAMES HOWARD, of Bedford,, Agricultural Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
HAY-MAKING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
Hitherto in the working of hay-making machines the accumulation of the
grass upon the cross bar of the framing in front of the tine barrels has been so
great as to occasion considerable inconvenience, the implement having from
time to time to be stopped to allow of the attendant removing the grass from
the framing. To prevent this accumulation, which is caused by the tine barrels
tossing the grass forwards and causing it to lodge on the frame, I obtain a
self-acting discharge of such lodgments before they add materially as they do
at present to the weight of the implement. In carrying out this object I mount
loosely in bearings upon the front cross bar of the drawing shafts or framing a
transverse roller, on to which the grass tossed over by the tine barrels will fall.
This roller being free to turn in its bearings will, as the grass accumulates,
receive a slight axial motion from the proponderating weight on one or other
side of the roller, and it will thus cause the grass to be dislodged. I may also
find it desirable to apply to the sides of the machine loose rollers, which acting
in a similar manner will throw off any grass that might otherwise accumulate
on the side framing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERING BOTTLES & OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th December
1861. A communication from abroad by Mr. Victor Hippolyte Solon,
of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, Proprietor.
5 I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer & Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERING BOTTLES & OTHER VESSELS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a new method of stoppering to be applied to
▸ bottles, jars, inkstands, and all kinds of vessels such as those for containing
milk, vegetables, preserves, or other substances which it is desired to render
air-tight. The stoppering or closing is produced by and consists, 1st, of a glass
or porcelain disc or other hard and impermeable substance; 2ndly, by the
interior edges of the neck of the bottles to be closed on which a disc is placed;
3dly, by the employment of a mastic, which stops all crevices or holes which
exist in the edges of the neck of the vessel, & the glass disc which rests on
the said edges; 4thly, by the employment of wax, india-rubber, gutta percha,
mastic, wood, cork, or other material, which is placed under the glass disc and
which completes, according to this Invention, the hermetical closing.
Fig. 1 shows a central vertical section of a vessel closed or stoppered
according to this Invention; Fig. 2 shows a plan of the same; Fig. 3 shows
in elevation an inkstand furnished with a stopper of this Invention, the neck is

page_text: represented as broken away so as to show the mode of closing; Fig. 4 shows
the neck of the same through the horizontal line 1, 2.
In Figs. 1 & 2 the same letters represent the same parts seen in different
views.
a, jar, bottle, or other vessel; b, dise of glass, porcelain, or other hard and
impermeable substance; c, inner edge of the neck of vessel a, on which is
fixed disc b; d, mastic run into the joints formed by the disc b and inner
edges c; e, stopper of wax, india-rubber; cork, wood, or other material for
holding the whole in place to complete the hermetical closing.
Figs. 3 & 4 represent the same kind of stopper applied to an inkstand.
b, 1st disc of glass or porcelain pierced with a hole c; d, 2nd disc of same
substance as disc b, also pierced with a hole e; f, small washer solid with the
disc d; g, interior edge fixed to the neck of the inkstand a, and on which rests
the discs b and d; h, washer of india-rubber, gutta percha, or any other elastic,
substance; i, cap fixed and secured to the neck of the inkstand; this cap has
for object to keep the two discs b & d, the one against the other, by bearing
in a suitable manner on washer h of india-rubber.
It will be understood when the two holes c &e do not coincide with each
other the inkstand is hermetically closed, and the ink cannot be spilt ; on the
contrary, when it is wished to obtain ink, it suffices to turn. the upper disc a
by means of a small knob f, so that the two holes c &e are one under the
other.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF: CAUSING THE WATER TO CIRCULATE IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Fenton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st September.
1861.
I, JAMES FENTON, of Low Moor, in the County of York, Civil Engineer, do-
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF:
CAUSING THE WATER TO CIRCULATE IN STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in imparting an additional amount of heat to a
portion of the water at a point intermediate between the water level and the
bottom of the boiler. For this purpose I employ a vessel or vessels for con--
taining the portion of water to which additional heat is imparted, which is or
are in communication with the water in the boiler at or near both the water
line and the lower part of the boiler; the superheated water, following a well--
known law, rises to the upper part of the boiler, and is replaced in the super-
heating vessel or vessels by the comparatively colder water from the lower,
part of the boiler, when that in its turn becomes superheated, and rises to the
upper surface, thus keeping up continuous circulation.
The method I prefer for accomplishing the above purpose is as follows:-
I make the upper part of the fire bridge, instead of being brick, a metal box
or vessel sufficiently strong to resist the pressure at which the boiler is to be
worked, and, by preference, of an elliptical section, strengthened by tubes or
hollow stays, through which the flame and heated gases from the fire pass.
The under side of this box or vessel communicates with the water in the lower

page_text: part of the boiler by a pipe or pipes, and the upper side communicates in a
similar manner with the water (or steam) in the upper part of the boiler.
I do not, however, confine myself to this arrangement of parts, as pipes or
tubes may alono be used, and. the necessary portion of water' may be super-
heated outside the boiler, if desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIXING COLORING MATTERS ON TEXTILE FABRICS AND FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stevenson Miller and Thomas
Paterson Miller, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th April 1861.
We, JOHN STEVENSON MILLER, of the Firm of William Miller and Sons,
Calico Printers, and THOMAS PATERSON MILLER, Manager, both of Springfield
Works, Dalmarnock, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIXING COLORING MATTERS ON TEXTILE FABRICS
AND FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the direct application of colouring matters, more
especially those derived from aniline and other generally similar bases, along
with gallic or tannic matters, to textile fabrics or fibrous materials. And it is
based more or less upon an Invention for which we applied for Provisional
Protection, bearing date the 16th day of March last.
Under one modification of these improvements a solution of acetate of galls
is thickened with starch, gum, or any other suitable substance, to give con-
sistency to the solution, and the colouring matter is added to produce the
desired shade. The preparation is applied by any of the ordinary means to
the fibrous or textile material, and it is only necessary to steam the goods to
complete the process.
In dyeing fibrous or textile materials it is not necessary to thicken the
gallic or tannic solutions. The goods may, previous to being treated with the
coloring matter, along with gallic or tannic solutions, be prepared with stannate

page_text: of soda or potash, and precipitated by muriate of ammonia, or any salt or acid
that will effect the precipitation of the stannous oxide in the fibre, or any pre-
paration of metallic, aluminous, or other salts, or preparation of metals or earths
prior to or after printing or dyeing. Or any gallic or tannic solution, either
singly or in combination with any vegetable or mineral acid, or any other salt or
preparation will answer the purpose of combining with the coloring matter.
The improvements more especially consist in the combination of gallic or
tannic matters with coloring matters, more especially those derived from
aniline or similar bases, for the purpose of direct application, on any fibrous or
textile material, whether previously prepared or without any preparation, for
the reception of the coloring matter.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SOUNDING ALARUMS AND ACTUATING VENTILATORS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hawksley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th November
1861.
I, GEORGE HAWKSLEY, of Three Mill Lane, Bromley-by-Bow, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SOUNDING ALARUMS AND ACTUATING VENTILATORS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for sounding
alarums and actuating ventilators. For these purposes apparatus is combined
as hereafter described, in order that an alarum may be sounded, or a ventilator
opened, when the temperature of a room, or an apartment, or other locality is
increased beyond that at which the apparatus is set to go off. A strip of
metal, which expands freely with heat, by preference of zinc, is attached at
one end to a screw or other instrument, which is capable of being moved or
adjusted; the other end of this rod is attached to the shorter end of a lever
mounted to a fixed centre, and to the longer end of which is attached one end-
of another expansion strip, and the other end of this second strip is attached to
the shorter end of a second lever, which in turn has a third expansion strip
attached to it, and so on, the number of the strips-employed depending on the
degree of delicacy required in the instrument. The levers may be made of
any suitable material, and their axes may be carried by wood or other material
not largely acted on by heat. The last of the series of levers is connected

page_text: with a spring or other suitable instrument, which keeps the expansion strip at
all times in a state of tension. The last of the series of levers carries the
instrument which acts on the detent or stop of the sounding apparatus, or of
the power apparatus for working the ventilator, and such last lever is made
with a point, which moves over or opposite a graduated scale commencing at
zero, and so divided that if the lever by the screw or adjusting apparatus is
moved to a particular degree or division on the index the apparatus will go off
when the heat rises to that extent above the temperature at which the
thermometer stood at the time of setting the apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF WATERPROOF FELT
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Ford at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th June
1861.
I, ALFRED FORD, Surgeon, Suthrey House, Mortlake, Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF WATERPROOF FELT," to be as follows:-
I take a certain quantity of india-rubber and gutta percha and mix the same
with naptha or turpentine in a machine usually employed for such purpose
until I have reduced them to a very soft plastic state; I then add to the mass the
hair or wool of animals, hemp or cotton fibre, in such proportions as shall result
in the production of a light pulpy dough. I then pass the dough through wetted
rollers for the purpose of getting it into sheet and giving to it a felt-like surface.
When I wish to make the dough unusually light I add to it cork or some
vegetable fibre.
The novelty of my Invention consists, 1st, in mixing hair or wool, hemp or
cotton fibre, with india-rubber and gutta percha in such a way as to produce a
light pulpy dough capable of being rolled out with the aid of water, into sheets
of a felt-like appearance.
2nd, in the application of such felt-like material to the manufacture of caps
& hats in particular, and to other useful purposes. The dough being rendered
very soft before the admixture of the hair, wool, &c., the fibres of the latter are
preserved unbroken in the felt produced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FASTENINGS OF BROOCHES, PINS, & OTHER ARTICLES OF JEWELLERY, WHICH FASTENINGS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Forbes Rhind at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
May 1861.
I, ALEXANDER FORBES RHIND, of Norfolk Place, Lower Road, Islington,
in the County of Middlesex, Draper, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FASTENINGS OF BROOCHES, PINS,
& OTHER ARTICLES OF JEWELLERY, WHICH FASTENINGS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO
OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My improvements in the fastenings of scarf pins, brooches, & other
articles, consist in pinching and gripping the garment or articles to which
they are attached by means of a screw instead of inserting pins or other parts
into the garments or articles. The fastening which is particularly applicable
to the neck scarf as at present worn consists of a kind of cramp or U piece
which embraces the lapping parts of the scarf or other article, the binding
screw being placed in one of the limbs of the cramp piece; the parts of the
scarf or other article are firmly bound and held together and the cramp held
firmly in its place. The head of the binding screw forms part of the ornament
of the pin or brooch. The front limb of the cramp I also make of ornamental
form, or apply ornamentation by setting stones therein or otherwise, as also in
the head of the binding screw; the fastening may further have a pin stem
to imitate the stem of an ordinary pin.
The scarf pin or fastening ornament so applied is close up to the neck of

page_text: the wearer and in the position in which pin heads are now ordinarily
disposed. The same kind of fastenings I apply to brooches to be used for
fastening shawls, or as ornaments, and also to other kind of jewellery which
in all cases grip and retain their hold by the binding of the screw, thereby
obviating the necesity of making holes in the articles to which the brooches or
ornaments are applied, moreover they retain their hold much more tenaciously
than ordinary fastenings, inasmuch as it is impossible to pull out a pin so
fastened, as is the case with ordinary pins.
This fastening is also applicable to watch guards, buttons, studs, and other
articles adapted to dress and wearing apparel for ornamentation or utility.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR WORKING IRON ORE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Stevens at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th November
1861. A communication from abroad by Joseph Bonne, of Paris, in the
Empire of France.
I, CHARLES STEVENS, of 31, Charing Cross, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR WORKING IRON ORE," & that it has been com-
municated to me from abroad by Joseph Bonne, of Paris, in the Empire of
France, to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to furnaces intended to work iron ore. From experi-
ments it has been found that the furnaces for which Letters Patent, No. 1904,
were obtained by Joseph. Bonne in the year 1860, required certain modifica-
tions to render them thoroughly effective, I therefore introduce the following
improvements, by which all the desired advantages may be obtained, viz.,
saving in fuel, in labour, and in construction of the furnaces, better product
from the ore, and no loss of time.
The improvements will be more readily understood by reference to the
annexed Drawings; they are as follows:-I give the furnace an elevation of
about 27 feet and close the arch roof less than at present, the size of the cast-
iron plates forming the foyer must be larger, so as to have a thicker covering
of bricks; it is also preferable to mount it on cast-iron columns in place of
stone pilasters. A fore part of the hearth is added, to work if required, and
the ore funnel and counter funnel are done away with, and the gas jets or

page_text: pipes are arranged in the counter or stone cap of the furnace; the plates
forming the top of the throat for compressing the gases are suppessed, the
counterweight alone serving to force them into the lime kiln.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
1, bottom of the crucible or foyer of sand or refractory. bricks; 2, refractory
brickwork forming the sides of the foyer; 3, rounded linings of refractory
bricks; 4, inner chimney of refractory bricks; 5, six gas jets or pipes united
in a circular pipe, 6; 7, escape tube for the gasses; 8, movable cover, showing
the level of the charges; 9, lumps of ore in the furnace; 10, chimney for the
escape of the gasses; 11, wedges for raising the hearth of the furnace;
12, cast-iron bottom of the furnace; 13, cast-iron dam; 14, seam with joints
reaching the tymp for facilitating the closing of the fore part of the hearth;
15, circular plates forming the foyer or basin of reception; 16, collar sup-
porting the inner chimney and linings; 17, circular plates (cornets), also
supporting the inner chimney; 18, fire columns supporting the cornets;
19, outer chimney, of ordinary brickwork circled with iron.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TEMPLES OR STRETCHING ROLLERS FOR LOOMS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th August 1861.-A communication from abroad by Julien Paty, of
Bernouville, Eure, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TEMPLES OR STRETCHING ROLLERS FOR
LOOMS," (communicated to me from abroad by Julien Paty, of Bernouville,
Eure, France,) to be as follows:-
The main feature of this Invention consists in effecting by one and the same
temple or roller, carrying points or needles at or near each end and extending
across the loom, the regular and equal tension on the two selvages of the
fabric under manufacture. The rotation of the temple roller is produced by
the onward movement of the fabric, the selvages of which are seized by the
points or needles, which are arranged spirally, and inclined outwards from the
centre of the roller. A box for holding the temple or roller extends across the
loom, and is furnished with bearings for it to revolve in. The box is held to
the loom by springs secured to a cross bar, and the springs are slotted to
enable the position of the temple to be adjusted. The outer ends of the
temples are composed of segments, made by preference of copper, tin, or other
soft metal, and held on the roller by rings, the needles or points pass through
the segments.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING FABRICS, YARNS, WOOL, CLOTHES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Connell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st October
1861.
I, WILLIAM CONNELL, of Sewardstone Mills, in the County of Essex, Bleacher,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING FABRICS, YARNS, WOOL, CLOTHES, AND
OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar combination of machinery or apparatus
for effecting the washing on a large scale of fabrics or piece goods, wool yarns
of all kinds, and articles of clothing, and consists in the employment of a
washing vessel mounted upon wheels and running upon trams or guide rails;
above this vessel is arranged an oscillating lever beam to which is jointed one
or more rods carrying a series of beaters or stampers, which are made to
descend on to the goods contained in the washing vessel, and to rise again
alternately by imparting a vertical, vibratory, or oscillating motion to the lever
beam through the intervention of suitable cams, tappets, or wipers driven
either by power or by hand; this lever beam is provided with an adjustable
counterweight, whereby the power of the blow or the descent of the beaters or
stampers may be regulated to any desired extent, according to the nature of
the goods under treatment. During the action of the beaters or stampers the
washing vessel is caused to travel to and fro along its rails by means of a rack
and pinion or other suitable mechanical contrivance, a mangle wheel and

page_text: pinion or other self-acting reversing gear being adopted for that purpose. By
this means the entire surface of the goods in the washing vessel is brought
under the direct action of the beaters. The water in the washing vessel is
heated by the introduction of steam therein, a telescopic or flexible steam pipe
being used to allow for the traverse of the vessel. In order to expedite the
discharging of the goods from the washing vessel without necessarily running
off the liquor therefrom, it is proposed to apply a moveable false bottom or
strainer thereto, which bottom, with the whole of the goods upon it, is drawn or
lifted out by means of a rope and tackle; or in lieu of a false bottom, a network
bag or receiver may be employed for containing the goods. In some cases a
shaker may be applied to the bottom of the washing vessel, whereby the goods
may be kept constantly agitated during the process of washing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING PALM OR OTHER SIMILAR FAT OIL
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacques Denis Desiré Passager at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th September 1861.
I, JACQUES DENIS DESIRÉ PASSAGER, of Paris, France, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
FOR BURNING PALM OR OTHER SIMILAR FAT OIL," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to an improved construction of lamp for burning
palm or other similar fat oil, and the same consists in having the oil vessel
situated at a suitable distance above the burner or the glass chimney, so that
by the heat evolved from the burner the oil becomes liquified and is allowed
to reach the wick of the burner by running down a pipe connecting this latter
with the oil vessel, a conical obturator serving for regulating the quantity of
oil running down through this connecting pipe, whilst any excess of oil reaching
the burner flows over the sides of this latter into a receiver situated under-
neath the burner in the interior of the lower part or foot of the lamp. For
regulating the heat to be transmitted to the upper oil vessel a flat metal ring
or washer, provided with a central opening, is held between the bottom of this
vessel and the burner or glass chimney, and thus serves as a sort of screen for
allowing only the required quantity of heat to reach the oil vessel, for which
purpose this ring or washer is allowed to glide along the rod connecting the
oil vessel to the lamp, and the said ring or washer may be fixed on this rod
at any required height by a set screw or other suitable means.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF PREPARING SILK FABRICS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS, CAPS, AND BONNETS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
December 1861.-A communication from abroad by Louis Bayard, of
Paris, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF PREPARING SILK FABRICS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF HATS, CAPS, AND BONNETS," (communicated to me from abroad
by Louis Bayard, of Paris, France,) to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the preparation of silk fabrics, to fit them
for the bodies of hats, caps, and bonnets, without the employment of any other
stuff. The Invention consists in applying to the back of the silk fabric various
dressings which render it waterproof, and impart to it the necessary stiffness
for the bodies of hats, caps, and bonnets. The preparation of the silk is effected
by successive dressings, and those which are preferred are as follows:-I begin
by spreading over the back of the silk a layer or coating of gelantine and
allow it to dry, I then apply a coating of caoutchouc, and over this the dressing
usually applied in the trade. The silk will thus have acquired the necessary
stiffness and impermeability without the face being touched, and which con-
sequently preserves all its lustre and brilliancy.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF NECK-TIE, AND ATTACHMENT THEREFOR
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Murray M Turk at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
February 1861.
I, ROBERT MURRAY MOTURK, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Collar Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF NECK-TIE, AND ATTACHMENT THEREFOR," to be as.
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce a neck-tie suitable for summer
Instead of making the tie to extend round the neck as usual, I form
simply a bow or knot with short or long ends to represent the front of an
ordinary tie, stock, or scarf, and attach it to a stiffened piece of silk or other
material, which should extend sufficiently far beyond the bow or knot at either
side thereof, as to cover the portion of neck band that is left visible by the
open breasted coat or vest of the wearer. To this stiffened back piece I attach
a broad metal hook, the tongue of which is intended to take into a broad eye
carried by a metal stud inserted in the neck band of the shirt. By this
arrangement not only will the tie be effectually attached to the shirt of the
wearer, but it will be prevented from setting unevenly or dropping on one side,
and may be instantly detached when required. The improved tie will or may
have precisely the same appearance as the ordinary tie while being worn, and
by its not extending round the neck, not only will it be particularly applicable
for summer wear, but a considerable economy in the woven material used in
its manufacture will result.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STENCH TRAPS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Cartwright at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th October 1861.
I, MATTHEW CARTWRIGHT, of Carlisle, in the County of Cumberland, Dentist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STENCH TRAPS," to be as follows:=
This Invention relates to certain improvements in stench traps applicable
to-waterclosets, sewers and sinks, and consists in covering the closing plate
or trap either wholly or partially on its closing side with vulcanized india-
rubber alone, or in combination with other suitable materials, a similar
covering being applied to the surface upon which the flap closes, so that a
perfectly tight joint is obtained, which-will-preclude-the-possibility of any
stench or effluvium passing or escaping through it. This joint may be so
disposed as to form a species of tongue and groove, the one surface having
a groove or channel formed in it, and the other a corresponding raised rib or
projection fitting into the channel, one or both surfaces being covered with
elastic packing material. When applied to a watercloset the hinged lid
or flap has a weighted lever attached to it, which keeps it closed against the
bottom of the pan when not in use.
According to another arrangement applicable to sinks and sewers a cylin-
drical box or case is used having a lid or cover (packed with india-rubber)
screwed down thereon by means of a central screw spindle and handle so as
to exclude all effluvia.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Ingle and James Ingle at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
23rd August 1861.
We, HENRY INGLE, of Shoe Lane, in the City of London, Engineer, and
JAMES INGLE, of Pimlico, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates, firstly, to an improvement upon means of driving
the table in printing machines, for which Letters Patent were granted to
Henry Ingle, 14th January, 1858, No. 64.
Our present improvement consists in substituting for the toothed sector in
the Specification of the said Letters Patent described a compound lever, one
end of one arm of which is pivotted to one of the upright frames of the
machine, while the other end is pivotted to the lower end of the other arm,
the upper end of which is jointed to the table. The to-and-fro motion is
obtained by a rod connecting the compound lever to a crank on the main
driving shaft.
Our Invention consists, secondly, in driving the inking roller and causing
the vibrator to rise at the same time by a ratchet and paul and adjusting
roller, driven by a rod connected to a crank on the driving wheel shaft, or
other suitable motor.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DOOR Locks, Lock SPINDLES, & KNOBS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Parkes Matthews at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd May 1861.
I, SAMUEL PARKES MATTHEWS, of Monmore Green, Wolverhampton, in
the County of Stafford, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DOOR Locks, Lock SPINDLES, & KNOBS," to be as
follows:-
1st, an additional security by changeable guards contained in a portable
box, which said box can be applied to any other door lock.
2nd, having self-ajusting spindles with slide crabs, which defies the
posibility of stealing the outer knobs (a common aud increaseng evil) and to
prevent such depredations is the origin of the aforesaid improvements.