Improvements relating to Explosion Engines.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Feb., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 19th Nov., 1897--Accepted, 8th Jan., 1898 .
Improvements relating to Explosion Engines.
I, ACHILLE OLLIVIER, of 2 Rue Manuel, Paris, in the Republic of France, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to various kinematic devices enabling me to balance the
forces transmitted by the pistons to the cranks in gas and petroleum motors and
generally in motors using an explosive mixture.
These devices form two principal groups:
The first of these groups is characterized by the employment of toothed crank
discs and the employment of multiple shafts.
The second group is characterized by the mobility of the cylinder and of the
piston at the same time.
Referring to the case of a motor having two cylinders in opposition constructed
according to this invention, I provide each of the said cylinders with a piston
between the said cylinders. I arrange two toothed crank dises which receive their
motion from the pistons by the action of symmetric connecting rods and transmit
this motion to the wheels keyed upon the driving shaft arranged below the centre
line of the cylinders.
In a modification of the motor I employ one toothed crank disc and one wheel
arranged in line with the centre of the cylinder the said disc and wheel being in
direct gear with each other and the said wheel being keyed upon the driving shaft.
In another form of motor I employ four cylinders in opposition. The cylinders
are arranged in pairs one pair above and one below with a pair of crank discs
between each pair of cylinders. The four crank discs, two and two gear. with each
other, and upon each of them is articulated one of the driving connecting rods two
and two of which are symmetrical. Two and two explosion chambers of these
cylinders are common.
In another modification comprising a motor having two cylinders in opposition
the said cylinders instead of being arranged substantially in line with each other
are arranged one in line with the centre of the crank disc and the other arranged
below in line with the wheel gearing with said crank line..
I may arrange a motor having four cylinders in opposition so that two and two
the explosion chambers of these cylinders are common.
each of
The four crank discs in this case all gear with each other and ter being
them is articulated one of the connecting rods two and two of the
symmetric diagonally.
In another form of motor having four cylinders in opposition which possesses
the remarkable property of giving an impulsion per turn, while it is balanced, the
connecting rods of two opposite pistons are articulated upon the same crank disc
and the two discs gear directly with each other. The connecting rods are not
strictly symmetrical, but the equilibrium is sufficient.
I sometimes arrange the motor so that two pistons work in a single cylinder
with a single explosion chamber. The two pistons transmit their movement to the
discs by means of the rocking levers and of the connecting rods. It will be seen
that this motor is also balanced.

page_text: The second group of motors is characterized by the movableness of the cylinder
and of the piston at the same time."
Through the intervention of its two connecting rods the cylinder draws two of
the cranks whilst the piston pushes the other crank accordingly, the forces are in
opposition and they are equal because the surfaces of the bottom of the cylinder
an of the piston are equal.
This motor therefore possesses the remarkable property of being balanced with
a single acting-motor. It possesses another property not less remarkable, that of
developing a double explosive volume for the same length of crank as other motors.
The cylinder and the piston being displaced at the same time the volume
developed is doubled. A modified form of this kind of motor has two cylinders
based upon this principle and gives an impulsion for each turn. The four con-
necting rods articulated upon the cylinders act two and two upon the cranks of
the driving shaft whilst the connecting rods connected to the pistons act simul-
taneously upon the third crank placed between the two preceding ones.
The only fixed part of these motors is the frame forming a slide and the orifice
of the distribution. It is evident that at the moment of the explosion there is a
certain pressure upon this slide; this pressure may also be balanced by using one of
the slides for the admission and the other for the exhaust.
1071
1903
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
I, ACHILLE OLLIVIER, of 2 Rue Manuel, Paris, in the Republic of France, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
This invention relates to various kinematic arrangements, by which the working
effects transmitted by the pistons to the cranks in gas motors, petroleum motors
and, speaking generally, in motors worked by an explosive mixture, can
equipoised.
These said arrangements are divided into two principal groups:
be
The characteristic feature of the first of these groups consists in the use of toothed
crank-discs or wheels and in the use of multiple shafts.
The characteristic feature of the second group is the capability of the cylinder
and of the piston to move simultaneously..
In the accompanying drawings
Figures 1 to 17 refer to constructional arrangements of the first group and
Figures 18 to 20 to constructional arrangement of the second group:
Figure 1, is a diagrammatic view in section representing a motor, worked by
two oppositely arranged cylinders.
Figure 2 is a transverse section of the same.
Figure 3 is a sectional plan.
Figures 4 and 5 are diagrammatic views, representing another form of motor
having two cylinders working in opposite directions.
Figure 6 is a diagrammatic view representing a motor, worked by four cylinders,
arranged in opposition.
Figure 7 is a transverse section and
Figure 8 is a plan of the same.

page_text: Figures 9 and 10 are diagrammatic views, of a motor, worked by two cylinders,
arranged opposite one another.
Figures 11 and 12 are diagrammatic views of a motor, worked by four cylinders,
arranged in opposition, each two of those cylinders having ene explosion chamber
in common.
Figures 13 and 14 are diagrammatic views of another modification representing
a metor, worked by four cylinders arranged in opposition.
Figure 15, is a diagrammatic view of another form or modification, showing a
motor with two pistons, worked in a single cylinder, with a single explosion
chamber.
Figure 16 is a transverse section of the same.
Figure 17 is a plan thereof.
Figures 18, 19, and 20 are diagrammatical views, representing a single piston
motor of the second type or group.
Figure 21 is a diagram of a motor worked by two cylinders.
Referring to Figures 12 and 3 a and b are the two pistons, c is the driving shaft
d and are the two crank dises or wheels which receive the action from the
symmetrically arranged connecting-rods f and f and transmit this action in the
same direction to the wheels g and g', keyed to the driving shaft.
In Figures 4 and 5 a and b are the pistons, c is the driving shaft and dare the
two crank-discs or wheels which receive the action from the symmetrically arranged
connecting-rods f f¹; these two crank-discs or wheels are in direct gear and one
of them is keyed to the driving shaft.
Referring to Figures 6, 7 and 8 a b, a bare the four pistons and d d', 9 g' the
four crank discs or wheels, gearing in pairs, and to each of which is pivotally
connected one of the motion-transmitting connecting-rods f f f f¹, arranged
symmetrically in pairs.
Each two of these cylinders have one explosion-chamber in common.
In the modification shown in Figures 9 and 10 a and b are the pistons and ƒ ƒ
the two connecting rods, arranged nearly symmetrically and which act directly
upon the crank discs or wheels d and d, gearing with one another.
In Figures 11 and 12 the four crank-discs or wheels ddgg all gear with each
other in pairs, and to each of them one of the connecting rods f f f f¹ is pivotally
connected; the latter are arranged diagonally-symmetrical, in pairs, as is clearly
shown in the drawing.
The motor shown in Figures 13 and 14 presents the feature of imparting one
driving impulse per revolution, while yet being equipoised.
The connecting-rods of two opposite pistons a a¹ or bb, respectively, are
pivotally connected to one and the same crank-dise or wheel and the two crank-
discs or wheels d and d¹ are in direct gear with one another. The connecting-rods
are not, strictly speaking, symmetrical, but ensure a sufficient equilibrium.
In the modification shown in Figures 15, 16 and 17 a and b are the two pistons;
they transmit their respective movements to the crank-discs or wheels d and d
by means of balance-beams m and m¹ and of connecting rods f and f¹ so that it will
be evident, that the motor in this case is also equipoised.
The characteristic feature of the second group of motors is the capability of the
motor and of the piston to move at the same time.
The cylinders K, Figures 18 19 and 20 through the medium of its two con-
necting-rods and , exerts a traction upon two of the cranks and ¹, whilst the
piston p exerts a thrusting effect upon the other o; the working stresses are thus in
opposition and are equal to one another, since the bottom-surfaces of the cylinder
and of the piston are equal.
This motor thus presents the remarkable feature of being equipoised by the aid
of one single cylinder. The same yet offers another and not less remarkable-
quality namely that of generating twice the explosive volume of another motor,
for one and the same length of crank.
The cylinder and the piston are displaced simultaneously, the generated volume is

page_text: doubled. This characteristic feature is clearly apparent from Figure 21, which
represents a diagrammatical view of a motor, worked by two cylinders k and k¹;
based on this principle and imparting one impulse per revolution.
The four connecting-rods, pivotally connected to the cylinders, act in
pairs upon the cranks n and n¹ of the driving shaft, whilst the connecting-rods pl p²,
pivotally connected to the pistons p, act simultaneously upon the third crank o
placed between the two former.
The only fixed-part.in_the_motor, is the frame a forming a guide, which I have
represented, and which acts as a distributor. It is evident that at the moment,
when the explosion takes place, a certain pressure is exerted upon this guide;
this pressure may be likewise equipoised by employing one of the guides for
mediating the admission and the other for mediating the exhaust.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to he performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. A motor worked by gas, petroleum or any other explosivé mixture, in which
the working stresses, transmitted by the pistons to the cranks, are equipoised at
each point and phase of the stroke of the said pistons.
2. A motor, worked by an explosive mixture, as ascertained in the first claim,
comprising two cylinders arranged in opposition to one another, in which two
pistons a bare displaced which, through the medium of two symmetrical con-
necting-rods and f¹, transmit a rotary movement to two toothed crank-discs or
wheels d and which, in their turn, transmit this rotary movement in one and
the same direction to two wheels g and g¹, keyed on the driving shaft e, substan-
tially as described with reference to Figures 1 to 3 of the drawing.
3. A motor, worked by an explosive mixture, as ascertained in the first claim,
comprising two cylinders, arranged opposite one another, in which two pistons
and are displaced, which, through the medium of two symmetrical connecting-
rods ƒ and ƒì, transmit a rotary movement to two crank-discs or wheels d d',
gearing together, and one of which is keyed on the driving shaft c; substantially
as described with reference to Figures 4 and 5 of the drawing.
4. A motor, worked by an explosive mixture, as ascertained in the first claim,
comprising four cylinders arranged in two opposite pairs and in which four
pistons ab, are displaced, which, through the medium of four connecting
rods ff, fi f¹, arranged in symmetrical pairs, transmit rotary movement to four
toothed crank-discs or wheels dd, g g', gearing with one another in pairs, each
pair or set of two of these cylinders having one explosion chamber in common,
substantially as described with reference to Figures 6 to 8 of the drawing.
5. A motor, worked by an explosive mixture, as ascertained in the first claim,
comprising four cylinders and imparting one working impulse per revolution, while
nevertheless being equipoised, the connecting-rods of two opposite pistons a a¹
or b¹ being pivotally connected to one and the same crank and the two crank-discs
or wheels d and being in direct gear with one another; substantially as described
with reference to Figures 13 and 14.
6. A motor, worked by an explosive mixture, as ascertained in the first claim,
comprising a cylinder and a piston which are simultaneously displaced, the action
being such, that the cylinder exerts a tractional effect upon two cranks and n¹
by means of two connecting-rods and whereas the piston exerts a thrusting
effect upon the other crank o; substantially as described with reference to
Figures 18 to 20 of the drawings.
Dated this 19th day of November 1997.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.