IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COMBINATION OF PURE BASIC REFRACTORY MATERIALS TO BE USED FOR METALLURGICAL PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ernst Friedrich Althans, of Breslau, in the German
Empire, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COMBINATION OF PURE
BASIC REFRACTORY MATERIALS TO BE USED FOR METALLURGICAL PURPOSES."
Sealed the 18th November 1879, and dated the 30th August 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ernst Friedrich Althaus
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th August 1879.
ERNST FRIEDRICH ALTHANS, of Breslau, in the German Empire. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE COMBINATION OF PURE BASIC REFRACTORY MATERIALS TO BE
USED FOR METALLURGICAL PURPOSES."
According to my present Invention a body consisting of unburnt limestone,
marble, or chalk, or mixtures of these, or of dolomite as free as possible from sub-
stances having an acid reaction, such as silicic acid, alumina, or metallic oxides, and
ground very fine, is mixed with soda or potash or their carbonates as binding
material, and is moistened with water, and this compound is either used in a plastic
state directly as a lining for furnaces or as a cement, or it is formed into bricks or
slabs and crucibles and other receptacles, and dried, and used for metallurgical
purposes. Before use the apparatus are first gradually warmed, and then heated
to the required temperature. The moist raw material also serves for repairing the
walls or sides of the apparatus that have been subject to heat. The above mentioned
soluble binding materials may be advantageously applied as aqueous solutions,
either alone or in combination.
According to another modification the above mentioned binding materials con-
taining alkali or alkaline earths, or of chlorine compounds thereof, or materials
having analogous properties, can-be advantageously mixed with calcic fluoride
(fluorspath) or kryolith in order to increase their binding properties at high
temperatures.
The refractory material, prepared according to either of the above processes,
when formed into bricks or vessels can be burnt or fixed in ordinary kilns or
ovens, it then becomes as hard as stoneware, but requires to be preserved from
moisture.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Ernst Friedrich Althans in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 12th
February 1880.
ERNST FRIEDRICH ALTHANS, of. Breslau, in the German Empire. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE COMBINATION OF PURE BASIC REFRACTORY MATERIALS TO BE
USED FOR METALLURGICAL PURPOSES."
According to my present Invention a body consisting of unburnt limestone,
marble, or chalk, or mixtures of these, or of dolomite as free as possible from sub-
stances having an acid reaction, silica, alumina, or metallic oxides, and ground very
fine, is mixed with soda or potash, or their carbonates, as binding ingredients, and
is moistened with water, and this compound is either used in a plastic state directly
as a lining for furnaces or as a cement, or it is formed into bricks, or slabs, or into
crucibles or other receptacles, and dried, and used for metallurgical operations. Before
use the apparatus are first gradually warmed, and are then heated to the required
temperature. The moist raw material also serves for repairing the walls or sides of
the apparatus that have been subject to heat. The above mentioned soluble binding
ingredients may be advantageously applied as aqueous solutions, either alone or
in combination.
According to a modification the binding ingredients consisting of alkalies or
alkaline earths or of chlorine compounds thereof, or of materials having analogous
properties can be advantageously mixed with fluor spar or cryolite in order to
increase their binding properties at high temperatures. Practically I find the
addition of about one per cent. of calcined soda or potash, and of one per cent. of
fluor spar or cryolite suffices.
+
The refractory material prepared according to either of the above processes
when formed into bricks or vessels can be burnt or fired in ordinary kilns or
ovens, it then becomes hard like stoneware, but it should be kept free from
moisture.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I claim,―
First. The use of caustic alkalies, or their carbonates, with or without addition
of fluor spar or cryolite as binding ingredients for a refractory material for
metallurgical purposes, having for its body, pure limestone, marble, chalk, dolomite,
or the like substances, or mixtures thereof, substantially as herein described.
Second. The use of chlorides, of alkalies, or of alkaline earths, with the addition
of fluor spar or cryolite as binding-ingredients for a refractory material for metal-
lurgical purposes, having for its body limestone, marble, chalk, dolomite, or the like
substances or mixtures thereof, substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ernst Friedrich Althans, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Ninth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty.