Improvements in Machines for Crushing and Grinding Hard Substances.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Feb., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 12th Nov., 1890-Accepted, 10th Jan., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Crushing and Grinding Hard
Substances.
1 JAMES CONRAD COLE of 33 Cecil Park Crouch End London Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to that class of crushing machines which accomplish their
work by means of a reciprocating motion imparted to one of a pair of jaws between
which the material to be crushed is passed and to grinding machines which are made
with metallic grinding surfaces of a disc or flat conical form.
According to this invention the crushing machine is provided with two three or
more pairs or sets of jaws which deal successively with the materials to be crushed
the jaws having the same or different rates of reciprocation the rate of reciprocation
of the second or third or fourth set of jaws being generally double that of the first
jaws and the motion communicated to them by means of toggles of suitable lengths
actuated by a reciprocating or rocking piece and crank or excentric the successive jaws
at one or both ends of the machine thus receiving from the same source of motion a
differential rate and range of reciprocation combined with a slight relative motion of
the jaws and adjustable distances between the moving and fixed jaws. In machines
intended for grinding & crushing combined the material falls from the second or last
pair of jaws to the rotary grinding parts which are actuated from the shaft which
gives motion to the jaws.
Dated this 19th day of Fahrn 1800
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Crushing and Grinding Hard
Substances.
1 JAMES CONRAD COLE of 33 Cecil Park, Crouch End London N. Engineer do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to that class of crushing machines which accomplish their
work by means of a reciprocating motion imparted to one of a pair of jaws between
which the material to be crushed is passed, and to grinding machines which are made
with metallic grinding surfaces of a disc or flat conical form.
According to this invention the crushing machine is provided with two three or
more pairs or sets of jaws which deal successively with the materials to be crushed,
the jaws having the same or different rates of reciprocation, the rate of reciprocation
of the second or third set of jaws being generally double that of the first jaws and the
motion communicated to them by means of toggles of suitable lengths actuated by a
reciprocating or rocking piece and crank or excentric, the successive jaws at one or
both ends of the machine thus receiving from the same source of motion a differential
rate and range of reciprocation combined with slight relative motion of the jaws and
adjustable distances between the moving and fixed jaws.
In machines intended for crushing and grinding combined the material falls from
the second or last pair of jaws to the rotary grinding parts which are actuated from
the shaft which gives motion to the jaws.
Referring to the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is a vertical section and
Fig. 2 is a plan of my machine as constructed with two pairs of jaws for the gradual

page_text: reduction of the material to be crushed and the economical production thereby of a
uniform sample.
In these drawings A is the main frame of the machine and R is a reciprocating
piece to which a vertical reciprocation is imparted by the crank or excentric C. The
piece R gives motion to the two sets of toggles T T1 and a lower set T2 T3. These
toggles give motion to the moving jaw pieces B and B 1. which are pivotted at Z and
are fitted in the usual way with renewable faces J 1 and J 3.
Similar renewable fixed jaw pieces are fixed to the frame A at J and J 2.
One end of the toggles T1 and T3 pivots in the adjustable pieces and 61 respectively.
The pieces band 61 are adjustable by means of the wedges w and w¹, which can be set
as to position by the screws and nuis S.
The disposition of the parts mentioned and the relative lengths of the upper and
lower toggles give rise to two double reciprocations of the jaw B 1 while the upper
jaw B makes but one double reciprocation to every revolution of the crank or excentric
shaft C.
To effect this, the parts are so arranged that the upper toggles are in line or in the
position which closes the upper jaw when the crank has given its maximum motion in
one direction to the piece R.
As shown in the drawing Fig. 1 the crank has moved the piece R to its lowest
position and the toggles T and T1 are in one horizontal line.
When. the crank lifts R to its highest position indicated by the dotted lines the jaw B
will be fully open.
Thus with half a revolution of the crank, the jaw will either open or close.
With the same range of movement of the crank and of the piece R the lower jaw
will have both closed and opened because when the piece R is at either extremity of its
position the toggles T2 and T3 are at the extremity of their departure from a right
ine joining their two outer ends. The toggles T2 and T3 are in line when the piece R
is in at or near the middle of its reciprocation.
Hence a single reciprocation of R gives a double reciprocation of B 1.
The relative lengths of the lower and upper toggles must be such as to secure the
desired relative movement of jaws Band B1. In the drawing Fig. 1 the lower toggles
are shown as being of about half the length of the upper toggles so that the movement
of both jaws is of about the same extent.
In the piece R the crank works in bearings which slide backward and forward in a
sloth. The toggles close the jaws and the latter are opened by the rods P and P1
which are adjusted by the nuts N and N' or other suitable nuts which hear against
india rubber buffer springs or other springs suitable for the purpose. Fly wheels
are shown at W.
In Fig. 3 is shown a vertical section of my machine in which the gradual reduction
of the material to be treated is performed in three operations namely between three
sets of jaws.
In this case the reciprocating piece R receives its motion from the lever L which
is pivoted at M and receives its motion from the crank by a rod connecting it with
the pin U. The movement may however be given to R by placing the crank above
or below R & connecting one end of R to the crank.
The movements of the jaws B & B 1 are the same as those described with reference
to Figs. 1 and 2 but the movement of the jaw B2 is of a compound order.
It is pivoted at its upper end to a pair of levers X which rock upon the shaft V
and receive their movement from the shaft or pin E at the end of the short arm of
the lever L. By this means the jaw B2 receives an up and down as well as a to and
fro motion so that the material receives a grinding or rubbing as well as a crushing
treatment. The jaw B1 may be made to reciprocate at the same speed as B, & B 2 or
double that speed. The compound movement given to the jaw B2 may be given to
the jaw B1 of Figs. 1 & 2 by similar means.
In Fig. 4 is shown a modification of my machine in which the crushing mechanism
shown in Fig. 1 is supplemented by rotary grinding mechanism.

page_text: The material falling from the lower jaw B1 passes down a spout t into the eye of a
pair of grinding discs.
The upper runner U R is driven by the spindle S to which is fixed the bevil
wheel B W which receives its motion from the bevil wheel shown by dotted lines.
The latter wheel is fixed to the crank shaft which gives motion to R. The upper
runner U R is fitted with chilled iron or other wearing parts forming the lower part
of this flat conical disc W S. The grinding bed is also fitted with similar wearing
parts or is made in two parts, a centre and an annular or ring shaped wearing part.
The material ground falls into the trough G from which it is taken by a spout not
shown. Usually the grinding will be done wet, water being fed in at the eye of the
upper grinding disc. U R is supported by a short stout spindle E having at its lower
end a chisel point in a notch in the lever Ď at F. The height of U R above the bed
is regulated by the screw and nut K. The arrangement of the spindle E may be such
as is commonly used for such purposes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be carried into effect I declare that what I
claim is
1. In a machine for crushing hard substances the combination of two pairs of jaws,
the one pair receiving twice the number of reciprocations of the other pair from one
crank or excentric shaft and by means of toggles arranged substantially as shown and
described with reference to Figs. 1 & 2 of the drawings hereunto attached.
2. In a machine for crushing hard substances the combination of three pairs of jaws
having two different rates of reciprocation and operated from one crank or excentric
shaft and with the combination and arrangement of toggles arranged substantially as
shown and described with reference to Fig. 3 of the drawings.
3. In a machine for crushing hard substances and arranged with the combination
of two or of three jaws baving two different rates of reciprocation imparted by one
crank shaft and by the combination and arrangement of toggles herein described and
shown an arrangement of parts for securing a combined crushing and rubbing move-
ment substantially as shown and described with reference to the jaw B2 of Fig. 3.
4. In a machine for crushing hard substances, the combination of two or more jaws
having two rates of reciprocation imparted from one crank shaft and the arrangement
of toggles substantially as described with the rotary grinding apparatus substantially
as described.
5. In machines for crushing hard substances the arrangement of toggles worked
by one reciprocating part which imparts differential rates of reciprocation to the jaws
by causing some of the toggles to vibrate on one side only of a connecting right line
while the other toggles vibrate on both sides of a connecting right line substantially as
herein described and shown.
Dated this 12th day of November 1890.