IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE WHEELS AND AXLES
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Glover, of Parker's Row, Dockhead,
in the County of Surrey, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CARRIAGE WHEELS AND AXLES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Glover at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on
the 14th September 1864.
I, BENJAMIN GLOVER, of Parker's Row, Dockhead, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CARRIAGE WHEELS AND AXLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the formation of the boss
of the wheel in combination with improvements in the construction of the end
of the axle, for the purpose of securing the wheel thereon. For this purpose
I prefer to form the boss of the wheel of cast metal, although I do not confine
myself thereto, as it may be of wood or other suitable material if desired.
The inner side of the boss of the wheel is formed with a recess to receive a
fixed circular collar formed upon the axle, as is well understood, the end of
which passes through the bore in the centre of the boss into a circular recess
formed in the outer side thereof. The axle near the end has a groove formed
around it, and from this groove to the extreme end of the axle two or other
number of grooves or keyways are cut, three being the number of grooves

page_text: I prefer to employ. In order to secure the wheel upon the end of the axle so
formed a ring or "collet," larger in diameter than the axle, is slid thereon,
having a central opening corresponding in form with the end of the axle so
that it will readily fit and slide thereon until it reaches the circular groove
previously described, when it will be free to revolve, so as to bring the central
projections formed on the inner circumference of the "collet" behind the
projections upon the end of the axle and the enlarged openings opposite the
grooves or keyways upon the end of the axle. A locking plate or cap having
projections thereon which correspond in form and number with the grooves or
keyways cut on the axle is then slid into the grooves, so as to pass along
into the "collet," and thus act as a key or locking instrument to fix and
secure the "collet" to the axle, a small screw pin or key being introduced
through the parts to prevent their movement. By this means the wheel will
be retained securely upon the end of the axle. The end of the axle is covered
by a cap, which is screwed into a recess formed on the outer side of the boss
of the wheel, and oil for lubricating the axle is conducted into this screw cap
through a suitable orifico formed for that purpose.
By thus arranging the boss of the wheel, and securing it upon the axle, the
necessity for an external hollow cap over the boss of the wheel is dispensed
with.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Benjamin Glover in the Great Seal Patent Office ou the
14th March 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BENJAMIN
GLOVER, of Parker's Row, Dockhead, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Пer most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Benjamin Glover, IIer special licence that I, the said Benjamin
Glover, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as 1, the said
Benjamin Glover, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and

page_text: Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CARRIAGE WHEELS AND AXLES," upon the condition (amongst others):
that I, the said Benjamin Glover, my executors or administrators, by an in-
strument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and.
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Benjamin Glover, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:
This Invention has for its object improvements in the formation of the boss.
of the wheel in combination with improvements in the construction of the end
of the axle, for the purpose of securing the wheel thereon. For this purpose
I prefer to form the boss of the wheel of cast metal, although I do not confine
myself thereto, as it may be of wood or other suitable material if desired.
The inner side of the boss of the wheel is formed with a recess to receive a
fixed circular collar formed upon the axle (as is well understood). The end
of the axle passes through the bore in the centre of the boss into a circular.
recess formed in the outer side thereof. The axle near the end has a groove
formed around it, and from this groove to the extreme end of the axle two or
other number of grooves or keyways are cut, three being the number of
grooves I prefer to employ. In order to secure the wheel upon the end of the
axle so formed a ring or "collet," larger in diameter than the axle, is slid
thereon, having a central opening corresponding in form with the end of the
axle, so that it will readily fit and slide thereon until it reaches the circular
groove previously described, when it will be free to revolve, so as to bring the
central projections formed on the inner circumference of the "collet" behind
the projections upon the end of the axle, and the enlarged openings, opposite
the grooves or keyways upon the end of the axle. A locking plate or cap,
having projections thereon which correspond in form and number with the
grooves or keyways cut on the axle and collet, is then slid into the grooves,.
so as to pass.along into the "collet," and thus act as a key or locking instru-
ment to fix and secure the "collet" to the axle, a small screw pin or key
being introduced through the parts to prevent their movement. By this
means the wheel will be retained securely upon the end of the axle.. The
end of the axle is covered by a cap, which is screwed into a recess formed on
the outer side of the boss of the wheel, and oil for lubricating the axle is

page_text: By thus arranging the boss of the wheel, and securing it upon the axle, the
necessity for an external. hollow cap over the boss of the wheel is dispensed
with.
And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into practice, I will proceed to describe the Drawing hereunto
annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
The end of the
grooves or key-
Figure 1 shows a vertical section of the boss a of a wheel mounted upon
one end of an axle or arm 6, the parts being constructed and arranged in.
accordance with my improvements; Figure 2 shows a front view of the boss a
and part of the spokes of the wheel; Figure 3 shows one end of the axle or
arm 6 separately; Figure 4 shows an end view of the axle 6, with the ring or
"collet" c thereon, Figure 5 being a separate view of the ring or collet c,
and Figure 6 shows separate views of the locking plate d.
axle or arm b has a circular groove 6¹ formed thereon, other
ways b³ being formed at right angles thereto, so as to leave projections &³, b³.
at the end of the arm b. The central opening in the ring or "collet” C
corresponds in form with the end of the arm b, so that it can be easily slid
upon it, and when it has passed beyond the projections 6 it can be turned.
round upon the arm, so as to place the internal projections c' behind the
projections &³ on the end of the arm, the grooves or recesses and being
thus brought opposite to each other into a position to receive the projections d',
which form part of the locking plate d. The soveral parts so put together
are secured by the central scrow pine being screwed into the end of the arm b,
the shoulder formed by the collet c serving to retain the whoel securely
upon the arm or axle 6, which is covered by the screw capf scrowed into the
recess formed on the outer sido of the boss a. Oil for lubricating the axle is
introduced when required through the orifice a', at other times closed by a
screw or plug.
I would remark that in the construction of wheels according to my Inven-
tion for all kinds of road vehicles, no portion of the nave or stock projects
beyond the line of the tyre, as is the case in ordinary wheels to the extent of
from three inches, and in many cases considerably beyond, frequently causing
collisions in passing other vehicles, and rendering wido vehicles almost useless
for narrow streets and gateways. The ordinary mode of securing, the wheel
upon the axlo or arm by means of a collet or nut and linch pin involves

page_text: the necessity of having a projecting nave, whereas by my improvements the
wheel is secured to the arm by the "collet" c and locking plate d (without
the aid of linch pins), thus greatly reducing the width of the parts, and
rendering the projection of the nave beyond the line of the tyre of the wheel
unnecessary.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into practice, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the exact details herein described, so long as the peculiar
features of my Invention are retained; but what I claim is, the improved
mode of constructing and combining the parts of carriage wheels and their
axles, for the purpose of securing the wheels upon the ends of the axles or
arms, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Benjamin Glover, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
Witness,
J. G. TONGUE,
Patent Agent,
34, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane,
W. C.
BENJ. GLOVER. (LS.)