IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF GAS BURNERS FOR LIGHTING AND VENTILATING
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Bradford, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Brassfounder and Gasfitter, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF GAS BURNERS FOR LIGHTING AND
VENTILATING
"
Sealed the 7th April 1857, and dated the 8th October 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Bradford at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
October 1856.
I, WILLIAM BRADFORD, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Brassfounder and Gasfitter, do hereby declare the nature of. the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF GAS BURNERS FOR
LIGHTING AND VENTILATING," to be as follows:-
My Invention refers principally to arrangements of gas burners required for
lighting and ventilating large rooms or halls, and relates to that class of lights
formed by a series of gas burners arranged in a circle.. My Invention consists
in a circular supply pipe, which has short branch pipes radiating from it at
intervals (about an inch apart) all round; tlie end of each short branch pipe, to
which a burner is fixed, is bent upwards, so that each burner is in a vertical
position. This arrangement allows to the atmosphere a free, and, as far as
possible, unobstructed access to each gas burner, and thus a better combustion

page_text: of the gas is obtained. This arrangement of gas burners is suspended from
the ceiling of the room, and under an opening or the orifice of a pipe or
channel for conveying away the vitiated air and products of combustion.
Between the opening or orifice for ventilation and the circular supply pipe of
the gas burners I place an ornamental conical pipe, the smaller end of which
rests on the circular pipe supplying the burners; the sides of this conical pipe
are perforated with holes or slits. Below and from the centre of the circular.
pipe supplying the burners a branch pipe descends, having a rose or burner on
the end of it drilled for a series of horizontal radiating gas jets; these jets are
immediately under the. ornamental conical pipe, and create through it a strong
ascending current of air. The air surrounding the exterior of the ornamental
conical pipe is drawn into the interior through the perforations or slits, taking
with it the products of combustion from the burners on the short branch pipes,
radiating from the circular supply pipe, which are on the exterior of the orna-
mental conical pipe. The whole arrangement forms a useful and ornamental
combination for lighting and ventilating.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Bradford in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
7th April 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
BRADFORD, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Brass-
founder and Gasfitter, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself; Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Bradford, Her especial licence, that: I, the said William Bradford,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or, such others as I, the said William
Bradford, my executors, administrators, and assigns; should; at any time.agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times: thereafter, during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT
1OF GAS BURNERS FOR: LIGHTING. AND VENTILATING," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said. William Bradford, by ansinstrument in writing. under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the

page_text: '
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great, Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent....
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Bradford, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what, manner the same is. to be per-
formed,, to be particularly described, and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say)
My Invention refers principally to arrangements of gas burners required for
lighting and ventilating: large rooms or halls, and relates to that class of lights
formed by a series of gas burners arranged in a circle. My. Invention consists
in a circular supply pipe which has short branch pipes of small diameter radi-
ating from it.at intervals about an inch (or more or less) apart all round; the
end of each short branch pipe to which a burner is fixed.is bent upwards, so
that cach burner is in a vertical position. This arrangement. allows the atmo
sphere a free, and, as far as possible, unobstructed, access to each gas burner,
and thus a better combustion of the gas is obtained. This, arrangement of gas
burner is suspended from the ceiling of the room, and under an opening, or the
orifice of a pipe or channel for conveying.. away vitiated air and products of
combustion; between the opening or orifice for ventilating, and the circular
supply pipe of the gas burners I place an ornamental conical pipe, the smaller
end of which rests, on the. circular. pipe supplying the burners with. gas; the
sides of this conical pipe are perforated with holes or slits. Below and from
the centre of the circular pipe supplying the burners a branch.pipe descends,
having a rose or burner on the end of, it drilled, for a series of horizontal gas
jets. These jets are immediately under the ornamental conical: pipe, and
create through it a strong ascending, current of, air.. The air,surrounding the
exterior of the ornamental conical pipe.is drawn into the interior of it through
the perforations or slits, taking with it the heated products of combustion from
the burners on the short branch pipes which are on the exterior of the
ornamental conical pipe.
The annexed Sheet of Drawings exhibits the arrangements described by
Fig. 1, an elevation, and Fig. 2-a plan, of the burners. a is the pipe sup-
plying the gas; b, the circular-distributing pipe, having the small branch
pipes (c) radiating from it, of the form shewn, each having a burner on its
end. The burners I prefer to use are of the class known as flat frame or
"bat wings," being arranged so that the flat side of the flame will be in a
line with the branch supplying it with gas, that is, in the direction shewn by
the dotted line 1, 2, Fig. 2. The vertical pipe d has the rose burner (e) on its
end, which is drilled for simple jets, radiating horizontally; the gas from these

page_text: jets, when lighted, forming a star in appearance. The conical pipe or tube (f)
may be made of thin metal plate, or other suitable material; it serves to con-
ceal the supply pipe (a), and descends generally from the ceiling to the top of
the circular distributing pipe (b). It may be varied in form to suit the
character of ornament required. The body of inflamed gas immediately under
the ventilating pipe creates a current directly through it, which draws in the
atmosphere surrounding the pipe, and tends to circumscribe to the smallest
extent the vitiated products of combustion from the external burners, and
while it conducts away the vitiated atmosphere of the room existing close
to the ceiling, also serves to cover all unseemly holes in it.
Fig. 3 and 4 are respectively similar views to Fig. 1 and 2, of another
modification, with the radiating branch pipes bent in a different form; the
ornamental ventilating pipe being omitted from the view in this modification.
It will be understood by inspection.
I have now particularly described the nature of my Invention, and the mode
of carrying the same into effect, and wish it to be understood,-
Firstly, that I claim the arrangement of burners on short branch pipes
from a circular distributing pipe, also combining therewith a rose burner (e),
substantially in the manner herein-before described.
Secondly, I claim pipes placed above the burners, to convey away vitiated
air or products from the combustion of the gas; not pipes in general, but only
such as have their sides perforated with holes or slits, substantially as herein-
before described.
Thirdly, I claim the combination of such pipes as are referred to in my
second claim, with such arrangement of gas burners as are referred to in my
first claim, substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Bradford, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
WILLIAM BRADFORD. (L.S.)