IMPROVEMENTS IN MIT MAN IN THE MAN RE OF CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS TION OF NAILS.NAILS.
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Maddock, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MIT MAN
IN THE MAN
RE OF CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS
TION OF NAILS.
NAILS.
در
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Maddock at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th August 1875.
I, WILLIAM MADDOCK, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF NAILS," to be
as follows (that is to say):-
Myimprovements relate entirely to the production of nails by the
process of casting, using for the purpose the description of iron
requisite for producing what is known among manufacturers or users of
metal as malleable cast iron; and my improvements consist in the
production of nails by the process of casting in malleable iron the
descriptions from three and half inches and under that have heretofore

page_text: been produced by the process of hand or mechanical forging from
wrought iron, say of the following sorts, fine and strong clasp, or chisel
pointed rose, the point or lower terminal part being perfectly of a
chisel form, and instead of such class of nails being made of a convex
form across the terminal part, whether forged or otherwise produced, I
am enabled to produce them concave in this important forward part, so
that the full breadth of their chisel terminal parts shall have its full
effect in dividing the fibre when driving, and which said chisel point
nails may be cast either with rose, flat, deck, or other formed head, as
well as having imprinted on them a cipher, form, or character to define
the manufacturer or user. In like manner sharp point nails fine and
strong, technically called Canada nails, may be made cheaper and more
uniform in their shanks and heads than if produced by the process of
forging, and the same remark applies to countersunk clout, either sharp
or chisel points, or to clout that are flat under the head, or flat, or
convexed on the head. And my improved mode of producing nails by
casting them in malleable iron with the usual annealing process, applies
also to the smallest kinds of plate nails preferring to produce the same
with a chisel point or terminal entering part.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Maddock in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 4th February 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
MADDOCK, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said William Maddock, Her special
license that I, the said William Maddock, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Maddock, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the

page_text: term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF NAILS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Maddock, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, by an instrument in writing under my or
their hands or scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the dato
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Maddock, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My improvements relate entirely to the production of nails by the
process of casting, using for the purpose the description of iron known
as haematite or malleable, requisite for producing what is known
amongst manufacturers or users of metal as malleable cast iron; and my
improvements consist in the production of nails by the process of casting
in malleable iron (a description of metal well known for its toughness
after annealing) certain descriptions of nails below the size of three and
half inches in length, for the reason that the facilities of casting are at
this length or size balanced by the extra value of material, and the
cost of labour in making larger sizes than three and half inches by
hand forging from wrought-iron rods; that is to say, the advantages of
casting in malleable iron extend only to the economising of labour,
which is an important item in the production of small nails by hand.
work. Thus my improvements enable me to produce nails below the
size named to advantage, say of the description called fine and strong
ribbed clasp, also positive chisel pointed rose, an advantage not other-
wise economically obtained. And instead of this class of nails being
made of a convex form (across the terminal part, which is a common
result when made by hand or machine forged), I am enabled to produce
such nails straight or concave in this important forward part, and so
with the shanks which may be made grooved or fluted with equal
facility under my process of casting; the heads being what are

page_text: technically termed rose, flat, checquered, deck, or any other form, as
well as being impressed with a cipher, form, or character, as a trade
mark to define their special manufacture, and in like manner sharp
point nails technically called "Canada," as also flat headed and counter-
sunk clout, small and large, as well as plate, and other descriptions of
small nails not hitherto produced by the process of casting. And which
process of producing nails by casting and annealing heretofore has only
extended to the casting of a common kind of lath nail, as also slato
and plain common clasp, and a sort of nail with large projecting head and
small shank, such as are used for the antique ornamentation on church
and other doors, and like purposes, or other like nails. But the class
and description of nails I produce are a novelty in the market, and
which I have exhibited in the Drawings hereunto annexed, and which I
Fig. 1 represents in side and head view a ribbed clasp nail, that is to
say, a sunken groove is cast graduated from the point to the head, thus
lightning the weight of the nail without decreasing its strength, and by
increasing the transverse sectional surface of the shank its holding
properties are proportionally increased.
Fig. 2 is simply an edge view of a clasp nail showing that the same
may be made with grooves only on the flat sides, notwithstanding all
four sides may be grooved if so prefered, the manner of casting such
nails is represented at Fig. 3, which is a part of a spray pattern, wherein
the nails proper are united to tits formed on the get A, A. In order
that the clasp nails shall readily leave the sand, they are placed
diagonally with the lengthway of the get, or in other words one side and
one end of each pattern clasp is impressed in one half of the divided
mould frame, whilst the other end and flat side is impressed in the
counterpart of the said mould, as will be well understood by men
accustomed to the operations of moulding and casting small articles.
Fig. 4 represents in edge and flat view a fine rose head direct chisel
point nail of which Fig. 5 is an head view, whilst Fig. 6 represents a
nail of the same description, as Fig. 4, also in flat and edge view of the
kind known as strong rose, Fig. 7, being the head view of the same.
The great advantage of this mode of producing such nails is that the
flat points b, b, and c, c, are of a direct chisel form, which affords the

page_text: advantage in driving of dividing the fibre and cutting their way into the
hardest wood. Nails thus made may have heads of the form shewn at
Fig. 8, or Fig. 9, which arc technically called deck heads, and if such
nails are made grooved on the flat side as at Fig. 10, and transverse
section Figure 11, the terminal part may be made gouge shape as at
d, d, notwithstanding the common pattern of chisel point nails may be
produced in like manner, as shewn in edge view at Fig. 4 A.
Figs. 12 and 13 represent a nail and transverse section of the shank
of the nail, having four hollow sides still preserving the flat chisel
point, and the same description of chisel point nails may be made with
a checquered flat head as exhibited in a side and top view at Fig. 14,
or sharp pointed a kind of nail known as "Canada" or sharp point
rose, a description of nails much used for driving in soft wood, which I
have shown in lengthway and head view, small and large size, at Fig. 15,
and of a heavier and stronger size at Fig. 16. And in like manner by
the process of casting I am enabled to produce chisel point, countersunk,.
plate, or clout nails as exhibited in side and edge view at Fig. 17, and
in head view at Fig. 18, notwithstanding the same description of nail
may be produced by the same process of casting with sharp points as
exhibited at Figs. 19 and 20. The head being domed in the latter
example merely to show that I am not restricted to shape.
Figs. 21 and 22 represent large spreading beads which may be
fashioned on the top to represent hammered heads, as here shewn, with
sharp points, genneraly designated bellows nails, and which nails could
be made fluted in the shanks if desired.
Figs. 23 and 24 represent flat and edge view of two sizes of nails
designated spear point nails.
Fig. 25 represents a very similar kind of nail to the description last
described in a head flat and edge view, but these are flatter in the
head and a description of nails generally used by coopers in various
sizes.
Figs. 26 and 27 are large and small clout nails which will be found in
use possess considerable advantages over hand made nails of the same
description, as the head being cast and annealed with the shank will not
be so liable to come off in driving as the heads of hammered nails, as
the hardning process of forming such kinds of heads by the hammer in

page_text: hand work conduces to destroy the ductility of the metal at that part.
And in like manner nails with irregular and large heads, such as
clinker headed nails for boots or shoes as exhibited in side and top view
at Fig. 28. And by casting nails of an ordinary round shank, flattened
points, and dome, or semicircular head, such as are exhibited in a side
and top view at Fig. 29, or side view at Fig. 30. A nail so formed may
be ornamented on the head by a raised dome of thin brass or other
metal as exhibited in sectional and top views at Figs. 31 and 32, this
may be turned over and closed down on the under side of the head as
exhibited in section at Fig. 30, thus producing a clieap and serviceable
brass headed nail, which may be ornamented by stamping on the raised
metal shell any suitable pattern or device.
Having thus given a general descripton of the nails, I purpose
producing by the process of casting and annealing in malleable iron
a process of manufacture well and commonly understood by men
accustomed to the use of sand moulds and casting of metals. It is
therefore unnecessary to be further described and the production of
articles by this means forms no part of my Invention, but simply its
application to the production of the description of nails in malleable
iron, herein described and set forth, which I claim to be new and of my
Invention, and desire to protect under these my in part recited Letters
Patent,―
In witness whercof, I, the said William Maddock, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
six
Witnesses.
CHARLES FAULKNER.
SAMUEL MADDOCK.
WILLIAM MADDOCK. (L.S.)