matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Armitage at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th April
1862.
I, WILLIAM ARMITAGE, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the taking up motion, and consists in improved
modes of making it positive. From one of the sword arms or other working
part of the loom, motion is given by a connecting rod to a double lever baving
a series of catches above and below the centre of oscillation, which catches
give continuous motion to a ratchet wheel communicating by means of bevil
or spur gearing or worms and worm wheels with the taking up beam.
of the arms of the double lever there is a circular slot, in which a stud at that
end of the connecting rod descends for the purpose of gradually shortening the
traverse of the catches as the cloth increases in diameter. This descent of the
connecting rod is obtained by jointing it near near the stud to one end of a
second double lever having at the opposite end a slot in which is one of the
ends of a rod or bar resting on the cloth. The extreme ends of the rod or bar
slide in angular slots or grooves fixed to the framework of the loom, so that as
it rises with the cloth, it moves towards the interior and shortens the length of
the second double lever on that side so as to give a gradually increasing
movement of the lever on the other side, and cause the connecting rod to

page_text: cend in the slotted arm of the first double lever with a gradually increasing
movement, so as to shorten the traverse of the catches and retard the revolution
of the ratchet wheel exactly in proportion to the winding on of the cloth, and
thereby produce an efficient positive taking-up motion. Or instead of placing
the stationary angular slots near the cloth beam, one may be fixed near the
first double lever, so as to shift a stud, and gradually lengthen the arm of the
second double lever on that side, and thereby produce the same effect.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHEELS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Gray at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
June 1862.
I, GEORGE GRAY, of Greenwich, in the County of Kent, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
WHEELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
wheels. For these purposes a peculiar construction of metal nave is used, by
preference of cast iron. Each nave is cast in two parts, in one of which the
several mortices or sockets for the inner end of the spokes are formed, and
such sockets or mortices are made, by preference, with parallel sides, the
mortices radiating from the centre of the nave. It is preferred that the
angular parts of the nave which come between the spokes should be cast
hollow in order to obtain lightness. The second or outside part of the casting
simply consists of an outside cover to the nave, which is fixed to it by means of
screws, the ends of which screw into an interposed disc or flat ring of wrought
iron, and this disc or ring is fixed to the first-mentioned part of the casting
by means of screw bolts and nuts, the heads of which bolts are counter-
sunk in the disc or ring, and the screw bolts pass through holes through the
angular parts of the casting which come between the spokes. In putting a
wheel together the wrought-iron disc or flat ring is put into its place; and so
that it does not come in contact with the casting, but is held by moveable

page_text: pieces a short distance away from it, the screw bolts are then passed through
the ring and the casting, the nuts are then screwed up, and the ends of the
wood spokes are driven into their places, the tennons being slightly taper. The
flat ring or disc does not fit close around the cylindrical central part of the
casting of the nave, against which the inner ends of the spokes come, when
they are driven home, and the fact of their being driven home will at once be
seen through openings in the centre of the ring or disc. The spokes having
been driven in their places the outer plate is put into its place and fixed by
screws to the wrought-iron disc, should the inner ends of the spokes shrink the
dise may be tightened by the nuts.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SUBMARINE LAMP
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Martin Cabirol at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
October 1862.
I, JOSEPH MARTIN CABIROL, of No. 17, Rue du Faubourg Montmartre,
Paris, France, Submarine Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED SUBMARINE LAMP," to be as follows:-
The main features of this Invention consist in condensing or taking up
the heat of the current of smoke and air issuing from the lamp, thus
cooling it to such a degree that it cannot burn or injure the flexible tubing
which is employed in this lamp. I attain this object by causing said cur-
rent to pass down outside of the lamp into a coil, where it is cooled by
contact.
Another feature consists in drawing off said current through a pipe, termi-
nating said coil, by means of an air pump, thus creating a partial vacuum,
which causes the external air to rush in through another pipe into a dis-
tributing passage provided for that purpose near the bottom of the lamp.
This submarine lamp is made up besides the piping mentioned, of two
hollow spheres of crystal, the lower and larger one containing a Carcel, mode-
rator, or other lamp, and the upper one which communicates by the lamp funnel
only with the lower sphere, receiving the products of combustion, which are

page_text: drawn off into the refrigerating coil as before described. By means of these
arrangements, I fully obviate condensation and other defects attendant on the
working of the ordinary submarine lamps.
This new submarine lamp is exhibited at the International Exhibition,
bearing No. 1369, French department.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN FIRE-ARMS BY A MORE CONVENIENT METHOD OF PLACING THE RAMROD IN POSITION
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Shaw, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd March
1862.
I, ROBERT SHAW, junior, of Portlaw, in the County of Waterford, Ireland,
Cotton Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN FIRE-ARMS BY A MORE CONVENIENT METHOD OF PLACING THE
RAMROD IN POSITION," to be as follows:-
In guns, rifles, fowling pieces, and other fire-arms of the usual construction,
the ramrod, when not in use, is held with the larger or heavy end near the
outer end of the barrel, and when the ramrod is required for loading or
charging it has to be drawn out of the holding clips, turned end for end, and
then it is inserted into the barrel. Now, my Invention consists in holding the
ramrod in its place with the larger or heavy end near to the stock of the
fire-arm, thereby facilitating the loading or charging thereof. A convenient
mode of performing my Invention is by attaching a socket provided with a
spring to the stock, and another socket at the end of the barrel, and an
open clip between the two; the ramrod is thus securely held between the two
sockets, and stayed by the middle clip. When the ramrod is required for
use it is pressed endways to overcome the spring in the lower socket, thereby
allowing the upper end to be drawn out of the top socket; the ramrod is thus
released, and can then be inserted into the barrel.

page_text: The advantages resulting from my Invention are,-
First, great expedition in loading, inasmuch as the ramrod is taken from its
rest in a position for driving home the charge without the delay and difficulty
of drawing up and turning, as in the old method.
Second, the ramrod, when withdrawn after charging, is in a position for
being replaced without turning.
Third, lightness, especially in taking aim, as the heavy part of the ramrod
is next the stock instead of at the end of the barrel.
Fourth, the hand is not exposed to danger in replacing the ramrod after
loading especially in double-barrelled guns.
Fifth, the hand will always be clean, not having to catch the thick end of
the ramrod, which after a few rounds is invariably black with moist powder.
Sixth, the ease in loading and replacing the ramrod while walking or
riding.
Seventh, to soldiers in close rank, doing away with the end for end turning
of the ramrod is of great value in point of time, ease, and room to operate in.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FOG AND OTHER SIGNALS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gilbert Troward Key at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th October
1862.
I, GILBERT TROWARD KEY, Lieutenant in Her Majesty's Royal Navy, of
Portsmouth, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FOG AND OTHER SIGNALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application of bellows to sound a wind
instrument (such as a fog horn, the horn forming the spout of the bellows,) or
two or more differently sounding wind instruments (as, for example, a fog horn
and whistle,) for signalling during fogs and at other times.
The bellows may be made either single-acting, double-acting, or continuous
acting. The single-acting bellows may be inflated by the action of a spring
which would keep the two boards apart, so that no pulling out would be
necessary, and the sound would be produced by a simple compression of the
instrument with the hand or foot. Different wind instruments may be fitted
to one pair of bellows, or bellows with one fixed board having a moveable
board on each side (the air valves being in the moveable boards) may be
fitted with both a fog horn and whistle, or other differently sounding wind
instruments, sounding either as required (the instruments being placed on
opposite sides of the fixed or centre board respectively).
Both the bellows and wind instruments may be made of various materials.
By the use of two or more instruments producing different notes, or a single
instrument producing two or more notes, or a single instrument producing
one note, but varying its length, a complete code of signals by sounds may be

page_text: established. This system of signalling by a single instrument or by several
is especially adapted for use at sea during fogs and at other times when the
ordinary method of day or night signalling at present in use by flags and
lights is not available or desirable.
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION OR COMPOSITIONS FOR PRODUCING ARTIFICIAL SEA-WATER, OR THE ODOUR OR EFFECTS OF SEA-WATER
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Joce at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th December
1862.
I, JOHN JOCE, of Colchester, in the County of Essex, Surgeon, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION OR
COMPOSITIONS FOR PRODUCING ARTIFICIAL SEA-WATER, OR THE ODOUR OR EFFECTS
OF SEA-WATER," to be as follows:-
For the above composition or compositions I use bay salt (say one pound),
iodine (say one drachm), iodide of potassium (say one drachm), bromine (say.
six minims), alcohol (say one teaspoonful).
The process I now prefer to adopt is this :-The iodine and iodide of potassium
are dissolved in, say, half a pint of water, and the bromine is added to the
solution, which must be kept in a well-stopped bottle or vessel to prevent
evaporation or escape of the volatile contents), also be kept in the dark to
prevent decomposition by light. With this mixture the bay salt is saturated.
The bay salt (one pound) is put into a bottle capable of containing double that
quantity, and a teaspoonful of the iodine and bromine mixture added thereto.
(The reason for employing a large bottle or vessel is to allow the perfect
admixture of the whole by long continued agitation.) The alcohol is then
added, which produces colored crystals.
For bathing. Dissolve a teaspoonful of the crystal with a handful of salt in
a quart of water, and add this solution to a sufficient quantity of water
according to pleasure for a hip, sponge, or shower bath or for a douche bath;

page_text: a bath for total immersion will require two pounds of salt and a tablespoonful
of the crystals.
For deodorizing, disinfecting, or tonic purposes.-A teaspoonful of the
crystals put into a saucer will rapidly pervade a moderate sized nursery or bed-
room with the odour of the sea coast. The process may be repeated daily, at
the same time proper ventilation should be maintained.
For compresses to be applied to the throat, body, or extremities.--Dissolve
a teaspoonful of the crystals with a quarter of a pound of salt in three quarts of
water, and wet the compresses with the solution.
Another composition or modified form of that herein-before described is
made by the use of the mixture described (in the proportion of, say, ten
minims thereof), with two ounces of bay salt crushed. This would be used
for olfaction or inhaling in smelling bottles, affording the aura of the sea
coast.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WARPING MACHINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Railton and Thomas Railton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 16th May 1862.
We, JOHN RAILTON, of Saint Paul's Foundry, Blackburn, in the County of
Lancaster, and THOMAS RAILTON, of the same Place, Mechanic, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WARPING
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
The object of our improvements is to stop the warping machine instantly
when one of the warp threads breaks. In order to accomplish this we apply
the following self-acting apparatus to the warping machine.
Each warp
thread is taken over a balanced lever, and these levers are binged to a cross
shaft, and they are guided by the dents of two open reeds; these parts are
mounted on a vibrating frame, to which a link connected to the usual spring
starting lever is jointed; under the weighted end of the balanced levers a
rocking bar is moved to and fro by the warp beam or other convenient part of
the machine. When the warp threads are all passing forward to the warp
beam the balanced levers are held clear of the rocking bar, but the moment
a thread breaks the balanced lever over which it was passing drops, and the
rocking bar coming in contact with it moves the vibrating frame, thereby
liberating the spring starting lever from its retaining catch, and moving the

page_text: driving strap from the fast to the loose pulley. We wish to observe that the
above details may be considerably varied or modified, and that when our
improvements are applied to a warping machine the sliding bars and guide
wires now required to assist the operator in recovering a broken thread may
be entirely or partially dispensed with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS FOR REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF GAS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Gustave Dupuch at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
June 1862.
J, JOSEPH GUSTAVE DUPUCH, of Paris, France, Brassfounder, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS FOR
REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF GAS," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to improvements in cocks for regulating the supply
of gas from the street mains to the meter or the burners, which improved
cocks offer to those hitherto made use of for the same purpose, the following
advantages:-1ly, the cock's plug cannot be withdrawn from the barrel without
the communication between the entrance and exit openings for the gas being
intercepted; 2ly, the plug cannot leave the barrel by the trepidations occasioned
by heavy carriages passing through the street; 3ly, the plug always fits exactly
into the barrel; 4ly, the cock is provided with an arrangement for preventing,
if required, the gas from passing through the cock; and, 5ly, this latter may
be easily cleaned from the street. For this purpose the back of the barrel is
provided with a perforated rotating valve worked by a key projecting from the
centre of the back end of the plug, and the entire arranged in such manner
that the plug can only be removed from the barrel when the said valve is in
the position in which the same entirely shuts the opening by which the gas
enters into the cock; the plug has a pin gliding in a groove provided in the
inside of the barrel so as to serve as a guide for the full opening and the

page_text: proper working of the cock. A moveable spring fixed with one end by means
of a set screw to the front part of the barrel presses with its other end on the
top of the plug and thus prevents this latter from unduely leaving the barrel,
and a small tumbler, if required, allows the gas company's servants to fix
the plug in such position as not to permit any gas passing through the
cock, which position of the plug becomes apparent from the street, the end of
the tumbler being in that case inserted into a corresponding hole of the door
of the cock's casing. A screw plug at the back of the barrel allows the
cleaning of the cock and of the entrance tube for the gas, for which purpose
the cock may be turned round in its fittings, these latter being conically with
a small cylindrical end.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN TRACTION ENGINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Holland at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st May
1862.
I, JOHN HENRY HOLLAND, of Lorrimore Road, in the County of Surrey,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
TRACTION ENGINES," to be as follows:-
It consists in covering traction engines or locomotives with their boilers
entirely from end to end with roofs and sides, of such a nature as to
assimilate them in external appearance to modern omnibuses or railway
cars.
The principal object of this Invention, independently of secondary advantages
is to diminish the objectionable appearance of traction engines in public streets
and roads, and it is to be understood that the distinction between this Inven-
tion and others which have gone before is that I make the covering without
any divisions or partitions, whatever, such as might be used for the separation
of passengers from the machinery, but I simply cover the boiler, funnel, and
machinery in the manner and for the purpose described, without providing
special compartments for passengers. +
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLUTED ROLLERS FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND IN THE MODE OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bleasdale and Frederick
William Borland at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 20th February 1862.
We, JOSEPH BLEASDALE, Roller Manufacturer, and FREDERICK WILLIAM
BORLAND, Mechanic, both of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FLUTED ROLLERS FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND IN THE
MODE OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
Fluted rollers for preparing and spinning fibrous materials have generally
been made hitherto of soft wrought-iron, such rollers are liable to be bent,
and their flutes are easily damaged, and by ordinary use become worn down.
We have discovered that all the advantages of soft wrought-iron fluted rollers
may-be obtained without their disadvantages by means of a process in which
our Invention consists, namely, by subjecting soft wrought-iron fluted rollers
to the process known as "case-hardening," whereby their surfaces are made
hard, or changed into steel or partly formed steel, and thus, while the rollers
have the toughness of soft wrought-iron, their surfaces have a greatly increased
quality of resisting wear and injury, and they become stronger and less liable
to be bent. We carry our Invention into effect by the following process of
manufacture, namely, the rollers are forged, squared, and socketed, turned,
and fluted (by cutting or milling), and are otherwise prepared in the ordinary
manner, and are then heated in a "bath," oven, or furnace" in contact with

page_text: any of the well-known materials used for "case-hardening," and when this
operation is completed, the rollers are withdrawn, and are then straightened,
if required, and polished. In using a oven we make the sides of it of thick
metal or fire-clay material and place the rollers in frames, so that they are
supported so as not to be liable to be bent when in a heated state.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR UNSTOPPING OR CLEARING FROM OBSTRUCTIONS DRAINS, WATER- CLOSETS, STACK, WATER, AND OTHER PIPES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Birch at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th October
1862.
I, JAMES BIRCH, of New Norfolk Street, in the County of Middlesex, Brick-
layer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR UNSTOPPING OR CLEARING FROM OBSTRUCTIONS DRAINS, WATER-
CLOSETS, STACK, WATER, AND OTHER PIPES," to be as follows :-
My improved apparatus for unstopping or clearing from obstructions drains,
water-closets, stack, water, and other pipes, consists of a series of tools or
implements of different kinds, which are capable of being adapted to the end
of a jointed or other rod, so that they may be introduced into the pipe or tube
for the purpose of removing any obstruction that may be found therein. In
order to enable the jointed rod to be passed with facility by any projecting part
of the tube two or more antifriction rollers are mounted on a swivel cross-head
or horizontal swivel pin, so that they may rotate thereon in either direction.
This cross-head or swivel pin is mounted on a centre pin, round which it is
free to rotate on the end of the socket in which the centre pin is fixed. This
socket is screwed into the end of the jointed rod, which by the addition of one
length after another may be extended to any length that may be required.
When the head of the rod thus provided with its antifriction rollers has been
forced through the obstruction, and worked backwards and forwards a little,
the water behind will, when the soil is loosened, soon wash it away.
Obstructions in drains or pipes are often occasioned by a collection of fibrous

page_text: matters, such as rags, paper, hair, leaves, and stalks of plant, and other fibrous
substances, which when matted together will form an obstruction which cannot
be removed by the instrument above mentioned. Obstructions of this nature
must therefore be drawn out of the drain or pipe, for which purpose a screw,
formed something like a cork-screw, or rather like the screws that are used for
withdrawing the charges from guns is adapted by screwing or otherwise to the
end of the jointed rod. When this instrument has been screwed into the
matted obstruction by turning round the rod the obstruction may be removed
from the pipe or drain by withdrawing the instrument. This instrument will
be found useful for withdrawing from the valve boxes, traps, and pans of
water-closets, any rags, paper, cloths, flannels, or such like substances which
may be accidentally thrown down the closet.
For some kinds of stoppages and obstructions in water-closets, I employ a
plunger made of leather, gutta percha, india-rubber, or other suitable elastic
substance, which when fitted to a short rod or spindle may be screwed into the
end of the jointed rod, and be employed to force forward any obstruction by.
hydraulic pressure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF FUSEL OIL, AND FOR VARIOUS APPLICATIONS OF THE SAME TO USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Gybbon Spilsbury and
Frederick William Emerson at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 26th April 1862.
We, FRANCIS GYBBON SPILSBURY and FREDERICK WILLIAM EMERSON, both
of Stratford, in the County of Essex, Chemists, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF FUSEL OIL, AND
FOR VARIOUS APPLICATIONS OF THE SAME TO USEFUL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Generally the object which we seek is by an admixture of the coarser
smoking and stinking hydrocarbons with fusel oil to produce oils and alcohols
which will burn in a lamp without smoking, or to be used as solvents for
gums, gum resins, and caoutchouc or gutta percha, or as detergents.
Our processes consist, firstly, in mixing fusel oil with any hydrocarbon, such
as petroleum, rock oil, kerosene oil, paraffine oils, turpentole, naptha, or the
heavy oils remaining from the distillation of paraffine oils or of .naptha, or
of benzole from coal tar, turpentine, or other similar substances. The propor-
tions vary, according to the oil used, from 10% to 400% of the oils to the
fusel oil used. This mixture we submit to distillation, and draw off as much
as will come over under a heat of 500° Fahrenheit. Secondly, we dissolve or
mix rosin, bitumen, coal, paraffine, or napthaline, or fat, tallow, or oil with
fusel oil, and in the same way submit the mixture to distillation, drawing off
as much of the oil as will come. Lastly, we pass fusel oil by itself, or any of

page_text: the aforesaid mixtures, through a red-hot tube, which splits the oil into
propylic and other alcohols, with certain oils. All or any of these oils so
produced we burn in a paraffine oil or other appropriate lamp, or we use them
as solvents for gums and caoutchouc, or such as are without unpleasant odour
we employ as detergents.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBES MADE OF COPPER, AND OF COPPER COMBINED WITH OTHER METALS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Stead Crosland, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
September 1862.
I, JAMES STEAD CROSLAND, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the County of Lan-
caster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBES MADE OF COPPER, AND OF COPPER
COMBINED WITH OTHER METALS," to be as follows:-
My new and improved method or process of manufacturing brass, copper,
gun metal, bell metal, and bronze tubes, and tubes composed of copper con-
bined with other metals, consists in casting the said tubes in hot dry sand or
hot metal moulds, with hot dry sand or loam cores, in a vertical or inclined
position, pouring the metal into the mould from the top. Chaplets or thickness
stops or wedges of copper or other metal are placed between the core and the
mould. The moulds are made of common moulding sand or loam, and baked
in a stove or oven, or the moulds may be made of iron or other metal, and
made hot previous to casting. The cores are formed of common moulding
sand or loam baving a perforated iron core barrel or stem upon which the
sand or loam is coated and baked in the stove or oven, and put into the mould
hot. When cast the tubes are fit for use, but in some cases they may be
turned in the lathe. Also in some cases of the tubes being made of bell metal
or gun metal, and consequently too hard for rivetting into the tube plates of
boilers or surface condensers, I braze a hoop of soft brass upon the ends of the

page_text: tubes for the purpose of rivetting them. In casting the tubes, I cause the
metal to rise from one to three feet higher than the required length of the
tube when finished, which extra length is afterwards cut off. Tubes manu-
factured by this improved process of gun metal, bell metal, or bronze aro
admirably adapted for engineering purposes, and they are applicable in many
cases whero brass, copper, and iron tubes are found totally unfit from their
perishable nature.
A NEW FIRE-LIGHTER
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James John Vanden Berg at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
February 1862.
1, JAMES JOHN VANDEN BERG, of the Hague, in the Kingdom of the Nether-
lands, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW FIRE-LIGHTER," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in manufacturing a fire-light composed of chips of
cork and resin. The chips bound in bundles of a convenient size are dipped
in the melted resin with the addition of 10 per cent. of oil of resin brought up
to a temperature of from 90 to 110 degrees. After an ebullition of from 2
to 3 minutes, the bundles are sufficiently steeped to be taken out of the resin,
cooled and delivered to the trade.
My fire-light may be manufactured in different ways, however the following
is that which I have adopted as being the most convenient and expeditious.
An under workman gathers the chips of cork into little packets which he
passes to another workman, whose duty it is to tie them in bundles of the
desired size. This operation is performed as follows:-A piece of wood or iron.
hollowed out in the shape of a crescent, is placed on a bench and in which:
the chips are pressed together by means of an iron rod or wire which the
workman tightens with his foot by means of a treddie, the better to bind
the bundles together with packthread, then to soak these bundles with resin,
I cause it to be melted according to the proportions above indicated in a boiler_

page_text: I place the bundles of cork in a covered kettle or caldron which I let down in
the boiler containing the melted resin by means of a pulley. After a sub-
mersion and ebullition of some minutes the caldron is lifted up, the bundles
taken out of it and left to cool. The operation thus finished is begun again
in the same manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLACKING OR POLISH
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Taylor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
September 1862.
I, WILLIAM TAYLOR, of Chester, in the County of Chester, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLACKING OR
POLISH," to be as follows:-
I take slack coal (or its equivalent) reduced to fine powder, (though I
could, where desired, substitute or add ivory black, or black made by burning
the bones contained in the pieces of flesh used by me, as hereafter mentioned,)
to which I add indigo, and form the same into a paste by mixing the following
ingredients therewith, namely, fruits, such for instance, as foreign fruits
termed currants, raisins, dates, and the like; or any one of these reduced to a
jelly. Also animal jelly, such for instance, as calves', cows', sheeps', or horses'
feet; or any part of the flesh of animals that will make jelly; tallow,
suet, or any other fatty matter; and also acetic acid and lemon, the same
being formed into a syrup by putting the lemons into the acid.
By the use of the above I am enabled to dispense with the use of oil,
treacle, and vitriol, ingredients heretofore used, and which, with the exception
of oil, have injurious action upon leather, and are affected by damp if used
largely.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN YARDS FORE AND AFT, BOOMS, AND GAFFS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Brown at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th February.
1862.
I, WILLIAM HENRY BROWN, of Camberwell, in the County of Surrey,"
Paymaster, Royal Navy, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN YARDS FORE AND AFT, BOOMS, AND GAFFS," to be as.
follows:
My Invention in yards consists in forming the central part of yards of
metal, and tubular, and in inserting arms of wood into the ends of the tubular
centre to complete the yard.
My Invention in booms and gaffs consists in forming the parts near the
mast called the jaws of iron with a socket, into which I fit wooden spars to
complete the booms and gaffs..
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING AND MANEUVRING SHIPS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
April 1862. A communication from abroad by Jean Pierre Victor Le
Rouge and Jacques Henri Charles de Berly, of Paris, in the Empire of
France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING AND MANEUVRING SHIPS," a com-
munication from abroad by Jean Pierre Victor Le Rouge and Jacques Henri
Charles de Berly, of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar mode of applying and actuating screw
propellers, whereby greater command of the ship is obtained as regards steering,
and the drifting on to a lee shore prevented. According to this Invention it is
proposed to mount the axis of the propeller in a moveable frame placed at the
stern of the ship, and capable of turning through the half of a circle so as to
bring the propeller shaft at any desired angle with the keel. This frame may
be turned either by the usual appliances adapted for moving the rudder of a
ship, or by any other suitable mechanical arrangement. The propeller shaft
derives its motion by the aid of suitable bevel or other gearing from a vertical
shaft which forms the turning pivot of the frame, and this shaft receives its
motion from the ordinary propeller shaft contained inside the ship through the
ntervention of a pair of bevel wheels. By this arrangement the propeller
an be turned more or less to one side of the ship, and still be in gear with

page_text: the 'driving mechanism, the angular position of the propeller assisting greatly
the manoeuvring or steering thereof. When placed in a direct line with the
keel the propeller will act precisely similar to those hitherto in use in propel-
ling ships. In order to render such an arrangement of propeller suitable for
sailing vessels, with a view to prevent their being driven on to a lee shore, it
is proposed to attach a vane to the moveable frame, which vane will always
have a tendency in a gale of wind to turn the frame with its propeller in the
direction of the wind. The force of the wind itself is also made to actuate
the propeller through the intervention of a wind wheel or other motor capable
of being worked by the force of the wind. By this means the wind is made
to adjust the position of and drive the screw, the effect of the latter being to
propel the ship towards the wind and from off the lee shore. A suitable clutch
is employed for throwing the propeller in or out of gear with the wind wheel,
as circumstances may require.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR REELING SINGLES, TRAMS, ORGANZINES, AND SEWING SILKS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Unett Brocklehurst, of the Firm of Messieurs
J. & T. Brocklehurst & Sons, of Macclesfield, in the County of Chester,
Silk Manufacturers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR REELING SINGLES, TRAMS, ORGANZINES, AND SEWING SILKS."
Sealed the 24th October 1862, and dated the 26th April 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Unett Brocklehurst
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th April 1862.
I, THOMAS UNETT BROCKLEHURST, of the Firm of Messieurs J. & T.
Brocklehurst & Sons, of Macclesfield, in the County of Chester, Silk
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR REELING SINGLES, TRAMS, ORGANZINES, AND
SEWING SILKS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to obtain an exact number of yards or metres
in each skein of silk for dramming and sizing purposes. In performing my
Invention a rod with handles running parallel with the reel, and within reach
of the workman, is applied to the throwing or winding machine; to this rod
is jointed a lever connected to the gearing by which the reel is driven, by

page_text: which arrangement, when a thread of silk breaks, the reel is instantly thrown
out of gear with the driving power, thereby suddenly stopping the reel,
and preventing any more threads being wound on until the broken end is
pieced up.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PRE- PARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Habel and Edmund
Suckow at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th December 1862.
We, EDWARD HABEL and EDMUND SUCKOW, both of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Machinists, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PRE-
PARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be
as follows:-
Our improvements consist in a novel and peculiar arrangement and con-
struction of apparatus which is equally applicable to spinning yarn either in
the form of "cops" or bobbins, and may be described as follows:-The
spindle upon which the cop or bobbin is formed has a bearing in a footstep in
a "copping rail," and is supported at a higher point by a long bush ter-
minating in a cylindrical case which encircles the spindle, and is sufficiently
wide to admit the formation of a cop or bobbin within it, and is driven by
a band passing round a pulley thereon; from the upper edge of this case a
wire extends in the form of an arch or cone, and is provided with a peculiarly
formed "oilet" at the apex, and others at convenient distances on the wire, by
which means the yarn passes and is spun directly from the drawing rollers
to the cop or bobbin. The copping motion may be obtained by cams, as in
the ordinary manner, or by means of a rotating disc, having two studs acting
upon a bell-crank lever.

page_text: In spinning cops a long tube is employed on the spindle, which may either
be furnished with a bottom plate and flannel washers to create the required
drag, or it may be suspended upon the point of the spindle, and a spring
employed acting on the surface of the cop to effect the pressure or drag, or a
fan may be placed on the spindle for the same purpose.
I would remark that in spinning fine yarn the cylindrical case and spindle
are both to be driven, as the drag would otherwise be too great.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MASHING MALT
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Ramsden, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th May
1862.
I, ROBERT RAMSDEN, the younger, of Kingsland Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MASHING MALT," to be as
follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists of an arrangement of machinery and
parts, whereby a light vertical mashing spindle, driven at a high velocity, and
having short prongs on it, shall travel about a mash tub, so as to effectually
mash or mix all portions of the goods and water submitted to the operation,
An essential part of my Invention consists in carrying the light mashing spindle
at the extremities of two light radius arms, mounted on a short upright shaft,
which short upright shaft, at a distance from the side of the mash tub of about
one quarter of the whole diameter of the tub, is carried by other stouter arms or
frames, projecting from a carriage swinging loose upon an upright shaft placed
in the centre of the mash tub, these arms or frames extending to the side of
the mash tub, and carrying a sweep from top to bottom. Motion being com-
municated from the centre upright shaft to the short upright shaft by a
horizontal shaft, and two pairs of bevil wheels, and from the short upright shaft
by a pair of spur wheels, the large one being fixed upon the lower stout arm

page_text: or frame, and carrying at its centre the end of the short upright shaft, the
said arm or frame and large wheel fixed thereon being at liberty to swing
round the centre upright shaft; the small spur wheel being fixed to the end of
the light mashing spindle, is driven round the large one when the machine is
resisted by the mash.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SINGEING PIGS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wilkinson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th August
1862.
I, THOMAS WILKINSON, of Rathmines, in the County of Dublin, Commercial
Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SINGEING PIGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved apparatus for singeing the carcases
of pigs by means of gas.
The apparatus consists of an iron chamber open at both ends, and having
its interior longitudinally furnished on opposite sides with tubes perforated so
as to emit jets of gas. Sufficient room is left in the centre of this chamber
for the carcases to pass through between the gas jets on either side. Running
longitudinally through the chamber, and near the top, which bas an arched
roof, is a track supported on uprights at either end, upon which is placed a
small truck, and this is set in motion by an endless chain passing through the
chamber. This chain runs through wheels at both ends. The pigs are hung
from the truck, and the motion which the wheels of this truck acquire in
passing along the track communicates to the carcases hanging from the truck
a rotatory motion while passing through the chamber between the ignited gas
I jets, so that on issuing forth at the opposite end they are perfectly singed.
The whole machinery is put in motion by a windlass which is in immediate
connection with the endless chain above referred to. The gas is supplied to
the jets by a single large tube on either side.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLAT CABLES OR CHAINS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Marien Roullier at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
March 1862.
I, CHARLES MARIEN ROULLIER, of Paris, in the French Empire, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FLAT CABLES OR CHAINS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing flat cables or chains as hereafter
explained. I take links of hard wood and string them upon metal spindles.
The links are formed with grooves on the face, in which wire is wound to
strengthen the wood, and with metal plates on the sides, which plates may be
alternately zinc and copper, and which when the cable is complete should be
in contact with each other. The metal spindles may be covered with caout-
chouc or gutta percha to impart suppleness and elasticity to the joints, and to
prevent the effects of wet and damp the links also should be coated with
caoutchouc or gutta percha. Two spindles pass through every link, one near
one end and the other near the opposite end of the link.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF FLUSHING OR DISTRIBUTING THE WATER IN PANS OR BASINS, APPLICABLE TO WATERCLOSETS, URINALS, WASH-HAND BASINS, OR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Steele at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th July
1862.
I, DANIEL STEELE, of Bunhill Row, Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex,
Builders' Foreman, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF FLUSHING OR DISTRIBUTING THE WATER IN PANS OR
BASINS, APPLICABLE TO WATERCLOSETS, URINALS, WASH-HAND BASINS, OR OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object "Improvements in the method of distri-
buting the water used in flushing, cleaning, or supplying the pans or basins of
waterclosets, urinals, wash-hand basins, or other similar utensils, whereby the
water is more evenly distributed over the entire internal surface of such
articles, and any dirt or deposit left thereon is more effectually removed. A
saving is also effected in the quantity of water required to be used, when my
Invention is applied to waterclosets. In carrying out my improvements I
manufacture a pan or basin of any ordinary shape or construction. At or
near the top thereof the supply pipe enters, as is customary, and as it enters
the basin or pan the aperture is contracted so as to form a semicircle con-
taining only about half the area of the supply pipe; the effect of this con-
traction is to cause the water to be delivered in a suitable manner and at an
accelerated speed into the distributing portion of the pan or basin. The
distributing portion is by preference formed all in one piece with the pan or

page_text: basin, or it may be made of china, stoneware, metal, or other suitable sub-
stance, and affixed to the top of the pan or basin in any convenient manner.
This distributor is made of the shape of the inside of the top of the basin or
pan, and is of the form of a portion of a pipe, the inner side thereof being
cut away, so that there is a narrow space entirely round the pan or basin
between the portion forming the waterway or pipe and the basin. The water
being let into the pan or basin by a valve, tap, or any of the methods commonly.
known and practised, fills or partially fills the tube or pipe, and passes out
through the slot or space between the basin and the pipe, and the stream thus
distributed spreads over every portion of the pan or basin.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES, CONDENSERS, AND BOILERS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Field at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd October
1862.
I, JOSHUA FIELD, of Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM ENGINES, CONDENSERS, AND BOILERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object improvements in steam engines, condensers,
and boilers, and consists,-
Firstly, in an improved method of adapting a high-pressure cylinder on
Woolf's system to the ordinary double piston rod arrangement of horizontal
steam engines. I place the small or high-pressure cylinder concentric, with
the large cylinder and immediately in front of it between it and the crank
shaft; the two piston rods from the large cylinder pass one or either side of
the small one to the cross head on either side of the crank shaft, with a
connecting rod returning to the crank in the ordinary way; the piston of the
small cylinder is connected to the large piston by a rod passing through a steam-
tight joint between the two cylinders.
This arrangement allows of the covers of either of the cylinders being
easily taken off when required for examining the pistons and otherwise.
Secondly, my Invention consists in an improved form of surface condenser
so as to enable the tubes to be readily inspected and cleaned. I place the
condensing tubes in a position inclined from the horizontal line, with covers

page_text: forming chambers at each end. The exhaust pipe from the cylinder is brought
into the chamber at the highest end of the tubes, and the condensed water is
delivered into that at the lower end, from which it is conveyed to the air
pump.
This arrangement leaves the ends of the tubes conveniently exposed when
the covers are removed so as to be readily cleaned when required.
And thirdly, my Invention consists in adapting the ordinary description of
tubular boiler with return tubes over the fire-places for using a higher pressure
of steam than can be safely used in a rectangular boiler however stayed. I
place the fire-place-which is cylindrical inside a cylindrical outer case, and also
place another cylindrical case above it of sufficient capacity to contain the
requisite number of tubes; these cases are connected together at the back by a
chamber which contains the rising flue leading from the fire-place, and which
can be stayed in the ordinary manner to bear the requisite pressure.
I also form a water connection at the forward end of outer cases in order
to keep up a proper circulation in the boiler. One or more fire-places may be
placed in the lower cylindrical case leading into one rising flue as may be most
convenient.
Any number of these boilers may be placed together and connected so as to
be worked together or separately.