IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING APParatus
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas John Constantine, of Ludgate Circus,
in the City of London, Stove and Range Manufacturer, and
Charles Edward Hearson, of the same Place, Ironmonger, for the
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas John Con-
stantine and Charles Edward Hearson at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 9th September
1874.
We, THOMAS JOHN CONSTANTINE, of Ludgate Circus, in the City of
London, Stove and Range Manufacturer, and CHARLES EDWARD
HEARSON, of the same Place, Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING APParatus," to
be as follows:-
Me offent
more nowfent combistion of the fuel and gaseous.com_

page_text: pounds arising therefrom, and to utilize more effectually the heat
arising from such combustion.
We attain the first of these objects by using a fire-pot or chamber
to enclose the fuel, open at the top and having a grating at the bottom,
and at or near the top certain holes, perforations, or openings; and
we so enclose this fire-pot in the range that the outer or fresh air has
access to the bottom grating and to these openings. The main supply
of air enters through the grating at the bottom of the pot, whilst the
holes, perforations, or openings at or near the top allow certain quantities
of air to pass through and impinge upon or near the top of the burning
fuel, and the air thus introduced mixing with the gases arising from
the fuel causes more perfect consumption and improves the draught.
We claim the right of introducing the air to the upper openings,
either directly from the outter atmosphere or through an air chamber or
pipe, with or without the perforations therein.
The heated air as it leaves the top of the fire-pot in its way to the
chimney is made to pass through-flues partially surrounding the cooking
chambers; and we form the bottom of the oven or cooking chambers
with a loose or moveable plate of metal, on the under side of which
plate we make certain pins, cones, flanges, or other pieces of metal pro-
jecting downwards into the flue, so arranged that the heated air shall
impinge on such projections and be partially intercepted, and thus cause
a greater amount of heat at the bottom of the cooking chambers.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas John Constantine and Charles Edward
Hearson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th March 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
JOHN CONSTANTINE, of Ludgate Circus, in the City of London, Stove
and Range Manufacturer, and CHARLES EDWARD HEARSON, of the same
Place, Ironmonger, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-

page_text: .
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Thomas John Constantine and Charles
Edward Hearson, Her special license, that we, the said Thomas John
Constantine and Charles Edward Hearson, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Thomas Jolin Constantine
and Charles Edward Hearson, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING APPARATUS," upon tho
condition (amongst others) that we, the said Thomas John Constantine
and Charles Edward Hearson, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the
hand and scal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same.
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas John Constantine and
Charles Edward Hearson, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-"
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
that is to say-
"The objects of our Invention are, first, to effect a more perfect com.
bustion of the fuel and gaseous compounds arising therefrom; and,
secondly, to utilise more effectually the heat arising from such combustion
and make it more efficient for cooking purposes.
For the first we provide a vessel of metal or fire-clay to contain the-
fuel, with a grating at the bottom through which the external air has
access to the fuel, and also with certain perforations or apertures at or
near the top of the vessel, through which air, more or less directly
conveyed to such perforations or apertures, can pass and mix with
the heated gases arising from the fuel and effect more perfect com-
bustion.
For the second we allow the air to pass over and down the flue in the
usual way, but intercept its course through the lower part of the flue by

page_text: forming the oven with a movable plate of metal at the bottom, on the
under side of which plate we make certain pins, flanges, or projections,
which when the plates are in their places project downwards into the
flue, and the heated air in its passage impinges upon these projections
and causes them to become heated and retain and locate a great amount
of heat in the movable plate and bottom of the oven.
In the accompanying Drawings corresponding parts in each Figure are
represented by corresponding letters of reference.
Figure 1 is a Drawing of a close fire range, certain parts being
removed to shew the interior.
A is the vessel containing the fuel, having a grating at the bottom.
where marked A, through which air has access to the fuel from below,
and also having perforations or apertures at the top F, through which
air passing through openings in the front D into chamber C is admitted
above or near the top of the fuel. The heated air passes through the
flues E, E, round and under the bottom of the oven (G) and impinges
upon the pins or projections o', o³, o³, on the under side of the movable
plate H.
Figure 2 is a view of a portion of a range shewing a variation of the
air chamber C for application to fire-places where the shape of the fire-
pot or the arrangement of the parts does not permit of the adoption of
the air chamber, as shewn in Figure 1.
Figure 3 is the plan of the plate H; seen from below the arrow shews
the direction of the heated vapour, the pins or flanges being set pre-
ferably in alternate order.
Figure 4 is a Drawing of a section of a range shewing a mode of
application whereby the air is caused to pass under the fire-pot, part
rising through the grating at the bottom, and other part passing, as
shewn, into C, and so to perforations F, the valve K being worked from
the front and regulating the supply of air to the apertures F at the top
of the fire-pot.
The particular forms of apparatus shewn in the Drawings are given to
illustrate the mode, but not to limit the application of our improvements
to cooking apparatus of suitable design.
We claim as our Invention,-
First. The application to cooking apparatus of an arrangement whereby

page_text: ir injets is mingled with the gaseous compounds arising from burning
uel, substantially as herein-before described.
Secondly. The application to the bottoms of ovens of cooking
pparatus of pins or flanges for intercepting heat and conducting it to
he bottoms of such ovens.
In witness whereof, we, the said Thomas John Constantine and
Charles Edward Hearson, have hereunto set our hands and seals,
this First day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-five.