Improvements in Looms for Weaving Splits.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Jan., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 15th Oct., 1889-Accepted, 16th Nov.. 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Looms for Weaving Splits.
We WILLIAM SIMPSON of No. 165 Sussex Street Salford in the County of
Lancaster Ironfounder and SYDNEY SMART and ROBERT SKIRROW both of 16 New
Cannon Street Manchester in the County of Lancaster Agents do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows :-
Our said invention relates to improvements in looms used for weaving what are
known as [
splits" that is to say cloth having one or more double selvages woven
in the width thereof to allow of the cloth being subsequently divided in such a manner
as to form several narrower pieces.
In the looms in which such goods are commonly woven there are two shafts
known as the crank shaft and the tappet shaft respectively the latter of which
revolves at half the speed of the former and use is made of the different speeds of
these shafts for obtaining the proper relative. speeds of the different parts of the
mechanism for forming the said double selvages.
In order to weave one double selvage to allow of a piece of cloth being split
into two narrower pieces four of the warp threads (hereinafter referred to as the
selvage threads) are caused to pass through the eyes of four vertical rods mounted
in pairs one pair being behind the other pair. These rods are actuated in such a
manner that two of the selvage threads are alternately raised and lowered while two
of the selvage threads are always retained at the same level.
In this manner a shed is formed for the shuttle to pass through.
The pair of rods holding the threads to which no vertical motion is imparted and
which is supported from below has imparted to it a slight horizontal reciprocating
motion in the direction of the width of the warp such motion being derived by
means of a suitable arrangement of levers from a cam on the tappet shaft.
The pair of rods having a simple up and down motion is suspended from above
and according to our said invention we derive the motion for actuating the same
from the connecting rod which connects the slay to the crank or from the slay
itself.
Owing to the different relative speeds of the crank shaft and the tappet shaft to
which reference has hereinbefore been made the vertically moving rods are caused
to make one up and down stroke when the bottom or horizontally moving rods have
moved to the right and another up and down stroke is made when the bottom rods
have moved to the left. The relative position of the four selvage threads is thus
changed each time a shed is formed and and they are caused to cross.
For example
if the four selvage threads are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, counting from the left hand side
of the loom when the bottom rods are nearest to the left hand side of the loom their
order will become 2, 1, 4, 3, when the bottom rods are nearest to the right hand side
of the loom.
The method of working the bottom rods from the tappet shaft as herein before
mentioned is not new and forms no part of our present invention but one part of our
said invention consists in the application of an angle piece or bracket to the lever
actuating the bottom rods and the provision of slots in the arms thereof to allow of
the position of the bottom rods being readily adjusted in a horizontal or vertical
direction; suitable bolts or screws are provided to enable the parts to be securely held
when adjusted.
For working the upper rods we provide a rocking shaft supported by brackets
bolted to the loom top and actuated by means of a lever attached to the connecting
rod or the slay suitable means being used for adjusting the stroke or lift of the upper
rods which are moved vertically up and down by a lever or arm on the rocking shaft.
The upper rods are mounted in a frame baving a flat prolongation at its lower end;

page_text: .
this flat prolongation is twisted half round so that the extremity thereof stands with
its flat edge towards the front of the loom and passing through a slot in an adjustable
guide piece prevents the frame carrying the upper rods from moving sideways.
Although we have described the action of the two upper and lower rods in order
to more clearly set forth the nature of our said invention we would have it to be
clearly understood that the use of two pairs of rods for the purpose described is well
known and forms no part of our present invention.
As heretofore constructed and arranged the action of such rods has however been
very uncertain since owing to the varying tension of the selvage threads during the
process of weaving the crossing is liable to miss taking place and the threads to
break.
To remove the said defects we according to another part of our said invention
provide an additional pair of rods parallel to and at some distance from the upper
rods. This duplicate pair of upper rods which we term guide rods is attached to the
other pair of upper rods and moves simultaneously with the same the lower rods lying
between the two pairs of upper rods.
The selvage threads held by the upper rods are also passed through the guide rods
and are thus caused to pass or cross the threads held by the lower rods in a more
certain manner. The use of the said guide rods furthermoré serves to render less
unequal the tension on the selvage threads in the different parts of the operation of
weaving and by this means tends to prevent breakages and allows weaker yarn to be
used for forming the selvages of "splits" than has heretofore been possible.
For convenience of description we have only referred to the production of one set
of selvages in the width of a piece but it is to be understood that by the use of two
or more sets of rods working simultaneously a greater number of selvages may be
woven so as to permit of the cloth being divided into any desired number of narrower
pieces.
The relative positions of the upper and lower rods may also be reversed
although the positions hereinbefore referred to are found to be the most
convenient.
Dated this 24th day of January 1889.
JULIUS ALLMANN- & Co.,
70, Deansgate, Manchester, Agents for Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Looms for Weaving Splits.
33
and
We WILLIAM SIMPSON, of Number 165 Sussex Street Salford in the County of
Lancaster, Ironfounder, and SYDNEY SMART and ROBERT SKIRROW, both of Number
165 Sussex Street Salford in the County of Lancaster, Agents, do hereby declare the
nature of our invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING SPLITS
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement and accompanying drawings in all the figures
of which the same letters refer to the same parts:-
Our said invention relates to improvements in looms used for weaving what are
known as "splits" that is to say pieces of cloth having one or more double selvages
woven in the width thereof to allow of the cloth being divided in such a manner as
to form several narrower pieces.
In the looms in which such goods are commonly woven there are usually two
'shafts known as the crank shaft marked A in Fig. 2 of the accompanying drawings
and the tappet shaft B. The toothed wheels connecting these shafts indicated by A¹
and B are respectively of such proportionate diameters that the crank shaft revolves
at half the speed of the tappet shaft and use is made of these different velocities for
obtaining the proper relative speeds of the different parts of the mechanism for
forming the said double selvages.
In order to weave one double selvage to allow of a piece of cloth being split into

page_text: two narrower pieces four of the warp threads are caused to pass through the eyes of
four vertical rods mounted in pairs one pair being behind the other pair. These rods
are actuated in such a manner that two of the selvage threads are alternately raised
and lowered while two of the selvage threads are always retained at approximately
the same level. When the pairs of rods are farthest apart a shed is thus formed for
the shuttle to pass through. The pair of rodis holding the threads to which no vertical
motion is imparted and which is supported from below has imparted to it a slight
horizontal reciprocating motion in the direction of the width of the loom such motion
being derived by means of a suitable arrangement of levers from a cam on the
tappet shaft. The pair of rods having a simple up and down motion is suspended
from above and according to our said invention we derive the motion for actuating
the same from the connecting rod which connects the slay to the crank or from the
slay itself.
Owing to the different relative speeds of the crank shaft and of the tappet shaft
to which reference has hereinbefore been made the vertically moving rods are caused
to make one up and one down stroke while the horizontally moving rods make a
single movement to the right or to the left; the relative position of the four selvage
threads is thus changed causing them to cross each time a shed is formed. This
crossing over is graphically represented in Fig. 1 Sheet 1 of the accompanying
drawings, in which the black dots numbered 1 and 3 represent selvage threads carried
by the horizontally moving rods; the open circles numbered 2 and 4 represent the
selvage threads having a simple up and down motion. The threads moving parallel
to each other are shown bracketed together. When the threads are in the order
1234 the horizontally moving rods are in their extreme position to the left and when
they assume their extreme position to the right the threads are in the order 2 14 3
as indicated in the second line of Fig. 1.
The use of two pairs of rods having the functions herein before referred to and of
which the horizontally moving pair derives motion from the tappet shaft is not new
and we therefore wish it to be understood that they form no part of our present
invention, and we have only described them in order to set forth more clearly the
nature of our said invention.
Referring again to the accompanying drawings Fig. 2 is a side elevation of an
apparatus constructed in accordance with our said invention when applied to a loom.
represents in dotted lines the slay actuated in the usual manner by means of a
connecting rod D (also shown in dotted lines) from the crank shaft A. E F indicate
the selvage threads. The threads E pass through two pairs of eyed rods G G¹. The
threads F pass through a singlo pair of eyed rods H.
As heretofore constructed only a single pair of rods has been used at G and it is
found that with such an arrangement the action is very uncertain since owing to the
varying tension of the selvage threads during the process of weaving the crossing is
liable to miss taking place and the threads to break. According to one part of our
said invention we provide an additional pair of eyed rods G¹ parallel to and at some
distance from the eyed rods G. The duplicate pair of eyed rods G₁ is attached to
and moves simultaneously with the eyed rods G. The threads are thus guided and
caused to pass or cross the threads held by the eyed rods H in a more certain
manner.
The tension of the threads is at the same time rendered more uniform and weaker
yarn may be used for selvage threads without risk of breakage than has heretofore
been possible. Two or more threads may pass through each eye where it is desirable
to use such to form stronger selvages.
A rocking shaft a held in suitable bearings bolted to the loom crown or stretcher &
derives motion according to our said invention from the connecting rod D by means
of a lever c and a suitable arrangement of link work c c¹ provided with means for
adjusting the position of the different parts preferably by means of jointed bars and
slots as shown in Fig. 2. The said rocking shaft a may also derive its motion from
the slay C by means of a similar system of link work connected to the slay instead of
the connecting rod.

page_text: At a convenient place on the rocking shaft a a lever d is attached from which is
suspended by means of a link e the frame carrying the vertically moving rods G G.
By this mechanism an up and down motion indicated by a double healed dart is
imparted to the rods G G³ when the loom is at work. To the lower end of the
fraine is attached a guide rod g, preferably formed from a flat bar twisted half
round with its edge towards the front of the loom and passing through a slot in an
adjustable guiding piece h. In this manner the upper rods are guided in their vertical
path and are prevented from moving sideways.
A bracket is secured to a suitable part of the frame of the loom. The bent
bracket is bolted thereto and carries the guiding piece h.
A bell crank lever m is pivotted at m' to the bent bracket i and to the short end
of the bell crank lever m is secured an angle piece n the vertical arm of which carries
the lower rods H. In order to accurately adjust the position of the lower rods H
we provide slots in both arms of the angle piece n.
An excentric O is connected by means of an excentric strap p and a shackle to the
long end of the bell crank lever in so that the rotation of the crank shaft may cause
the bell crank lever m to rock about its pivot at m¹ and in this manner impart
a reciprocating motion to the eyed rods Has indicated by the double ended
dart y.
For weaving more than one set of selvages for the purpose of enabling the cloth
to be readily split into more than two narrower pieces we employ two bars
carrying additional sets of eyed rods as at S working simultaneously and parallel to
each other. In such case the bars may work in suitable guides or slots attached
to a convenient part of the loom frame for ensuring that the eyed rods shall work
parallel with each other.
The relative positions of the upper and lower eyed rods may be reversed although
the positions bereinbefore described and shown are found to be the most
convenient.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in wbat manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is
1. In apparatus employed for effecting the crossing of warp threads to form selvages
when weaving splits the use of two pairs of eyed rods G G substantially as and for
the purpose hereinbefore described and set forth.
2. The combination and arrangement of parts for the purpose of actuating the
rocking shaft a from the connecting rod or the slay of the loom for the purpose of
imparting a vertical reciprocating motion to eyed rods used in weaving splits sub-
stantially as herein before described and set forth.
3. A guide rod working in a guiding piece for proventing lateral displacement of
the vertically moving eyed rods.
4. The angle piece n to which the horizontally moving eyed rods are attached,
provided with slots in both arms for the purpose of readily adjusting the relative
position of the pairs of eyed rods to each other.
Dated this Twelfth day of October 1889.
JULIUS ALLMANN & Co.,
70, Deansgate, Manchester, Agents for Applicants.