Improvements in Hand Cameras for Photographic Purposes.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 20th July, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 9th Feb., 1894-Accepted, 10th Mar.,
1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Improvements in Hand Cameras for Photographic Purposes.
A communication by ALOIS DELUG, of 6, Neureutherstrasse, Munich, in the
Empire of Germany, Artist.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, F.C.S., M.I.M.E., of the Agency for
Foreign Patent Solicitors, 6 Lord Street, Liverpool and 6, Bank Street,
Manchester, both in the County of Lancaster and 323 High Holborn, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object to produce an apparatus or camera for photo-
graphic purposes, which hy means of a single handle will automatically perform
every necessary preparation for taking a photograph, such as adjusting a new
sensitised film for exposure, releasing the shutter, and the various other
operations.
Such an apparatus as the foregoing will be particularly of great advantage in the
case of instantaneously photographing moving objects, as, owing to the amount of
handling necessary for taking instantaneous photographs with the ordinary
apparatus, very frequently the best or most favourable moment for a successful
shot is lost.
This improved camera consists of two or more cases adjustable one in another.
This arrangement may of course be modified by merely using a bellows which
can be automatically fixed after the apparatus has reached a predetermined
position. The parts may be guided into their correct position by means of hinged
It is also quite immaterial
bars or by lazy tongs or by any other suitable means.
whether the lenses be moved forward or the picture surface be moved backwards.
For the purposes of the present description, it is assumed that the parts are
adjustable one in another, the fixing of each separate part, when the camera is
expanded, may be done by means of stop catches, stop springs or the like fitted to
the sides of the parts.
These stop springs will spring out of their recesses when the camera is fully
expanded, and press against the parts lying behind or below them, which parts will
then be held in their proper position. This process is accompanied by an audible
snapping which simultaneously indicates that the camera has been fully expanded,
and that all the steps hereinafter described necessary for taking a photograph
have been completed, the camera being therefore to a certain extent ready for a
"shot."
The lens shutter is not directly attached to the front of the camera but stands
somewhat back from the front on a partition which is connected with the actual
front wall by means of suitably covered in parts so as to perfectly exclude the
The lens is inserted in a
outside light from the inner chamber of the camera.
sheath or holder arranged in the front wall of the camera.
The aforesaid partition to which the shutter is attached is connected by means of
This
a bellows with a similar partition situated in the rear part of the camera.
partition No. 2 by means of an opening only shows so much of the film (corre-
sponding to the size of the picture which is to be taken) as is to be exposed. The
exposure of the remainder of the film to the light is entirely prevented by means
of the aforesaid bellows.
The roller containing the film or sensitised paper is arranged in the part of the
camera at the side of the lens. From this roller, the film passes over two easily

page_text: revolved rollers, bars or the like, suitably attached to the partition No. 2 of the
camera, close to the opening and thence to the receiving roller.
The arrangement and mode of working of the delivering and receiving rollers are
as follows-
Both rollers have cord pulleys and are connected by means of a cord in such a
way that they will rotate in opposite directions to each other. In order to maintain
the mutual tension of the same the delivering roller is arranged on springs and is
borne in suitable hinged stirrups attached to the bottom and top of the camera, the
first of these stirrups being constantly held down by a spring. Both stirrups are
firmly connected by means of a crossbar, the result of which is that the pull
exerted by the spring on the first stirrup is also conveyed to the second stirrup and
thus both always stand parallel. The delivering roller may be revolved in either
direction according to whichever way the aforesaid cord is drawn.
The receiving roller is arranged in the following manner-
The roller consists of a holder on which the exposed film is wound and it has two
flanges preventing the film from slipping off. One of these flanges is provided on
its circumference with inclined teeth with which a pawl constantly engages by
means of a spring, this ratchet wheel or the holder can therefore only turn in one
direction, for instance to the right, and it is prevented revolving in the opposite
direction by the pawl. The flange forming the ratchet wheel has on its outer side
one of the aforesaid cord pulleys, and on its inner side facing the holder there is a
second pawl acting in an opposed direction to the first pawl. This receiving roller
revolves on an axis fixed in the bottom and top of the camera in such a way that
both may be moved independently. A spiral spring is fastened at one end of this
axis, this spring being contained in a suitable casing or drum. The lower end of
the axis has, before it emerges from the casing or drum, a small ratchet wheel in
which the pawl No. 2 attached to the flange engages. A further cord pulley is
also attached to this end, over which pulley a cord, band or the like passes, this
latter being attached to the side of the camera at a suitable point and this cord
being wound up when the camera is folded up.
If then the camera be expanded for the purpose of taking a photograph, the
spiral spring at the end of the axis is drawn up by the cord fastened in the rear
part of the camera, and the film is simultaneously unrolled by the delivering roller.
The receiving roller remains meanwhile stationary, its rotation being prevented by
the pawl No. 1; on the drawing out of the camera, the shutter is at the same time
raised by means of a cord as will be hereinafter described, and also the marking
device which is also more particularly described further on, comes into a position
away from the film.
When the exposure has taken place, the camera is folded up;
the spiral spring coming into play, the axis is compulsorily connected with the holder
by the action of the aforesaid small ratchet wheel and pawl, and the receiving roller
takes up a portion of the film. As the delivering roller is connected with the
receiving roller by a running cord the latter also revolves but in an opposite
direction and thus takes up a portion of the film.
When the camera is folded up the marking device hereinbefore mentioned will
then come into action. This exactly determines the limit between the separate
pictures or impressions, and thus considerably facilitates the exact cutting off of
the pictures. This marking device is arranged in such a way that in the bottom
and cover of the rear part of the camera at the sides of the partition No. 2 two
revolving angle pieces are arranged which are connected by means of a clasp
carrying the separate marking pins. When the camera is expanded this marking
device is pressed by a spring away from the film against the back wall of the
camera, on the shutting up of the camera however the front part encounters the
angle pieces, causing these to revolve and the marking pins penetrate into
the film.
The shutter employed with this camera is arranged in the following manner.
A hinged or revolving plate is arranged in front of the objective opening, which
plate is usually pressed against a pin by the action of a spiral spring No. 1, and

page_text: thus the opening of the objective is kept closed. On this plate a flat spring is
arranged provided with a pin pointed at its lower part. The releasing lever rests
against the opposite side of the pin against which the hinged plate presses. This
lever is constantly drawn down by a second spiral spring, spring No. 2, and is
arranged in such a way that it may be drawn upwards by means of a cord or knob
attached to it. When this is done it slips from under the pin of the flat spring and
rests upon the same. The hinged or revolving plate has a slot in which the
projection of one arm of an elbow lever engages, this latter revolving on a point
and being controlled by a spring; on the other arm of the elbow lever (opposite
the one which has the projection) two suitably supported bars press which may be
pushed back, that is to say against the elbow lever, from the outside of the
apparatus or camera by means of two knobs projecting from the same.
These bars serve for releasing the shutter, both for time and instantaneous
exposures. If the shutter be drawn up, the lever aforesaid rests as already stated
against the pin of the flat spring. In the case of time exposures one of the bars is
pushed in until it encounters the pin against which the hinged plate presses.
In this pushing back of the bar it encounters with its projection the elbow lever,
moves this lever until the projection of the elbow lever comes out of the slot and
the hinged or revolving plate is released.
This latter is then at once drawn downwards by the releasing lever which is
resting on the pin of the flat spring until the lever rests on the bar. The plate and
lever have thus reached such a position that the objective is open, and remains in
that condition as long as the knob, or the bar, is pressed down. When the
pressure ceases, the lever is entirely drawn by its spring against the pin against
which the hinged plate will press, by which means the lever slips under the pin
attached to the plate, the plate is thereby released and returns to its former
position, that is to say it again rests against the pin and closes the objective
opening.
The operation is a similar one for instantaneous exposures.
The elbow lever is again pressed back by pressing on the knob of the bar. The
plate thus released is pushed downwards by the lever, and as this latter encounters
no obstacle (in contradistinction to the operation in time exposures where it rests
against the bar) it slides at once away over the pin of the plate, which latter springs
back again. The whole process is instantaneous.
The aforesaid parts for operating the shutter are arranged in this camera on the
side of the partition No. 1 facing the lenses. The drawing up or releasing of the
shutter takes place from the back of the camera by means of a stop spring or stop
catch arranged on the inside, and having a pressure knob projecting to the outside;
the stop hooks of this catch engage, when the camera is folded up, behind a pointed
pin which engages in a groove, and this drops back when the camera is expanded.
As a drawing cord which passes over suitable rollers and is connected with the
releasing lever of the shutter and runs under the bellows, is attached to the camera,
the shutter is drawn up by the expansion of the latter.
By pressing on the knob of the stop catch or stop spring, the pin is released, the
spring of the shutter comes into action, the pin is thereby drawn forward in its
groove.
Of course as before stated any other suitable arrangement of shutter may be
employed.
It may also be remarked that the finder (German "Sucher") attached to the
apparatus may be used for adjusting both for high as well as square shaped
views.
Dated this 19th day of July 1893.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: ש VIT
Improvements in Hand Cameras for Photographic Purposes.
A communication by ALOIS DELUG, of 6, Neureutherstrasse, Munich, in the
Empire of Germany, Artist.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON F.C.S., M.I.M.E., of the Agency for
Foreign Patent Solicitors, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool and 6, Bank Street,
Manchester both in the County of Lancaster and 323 High Holborn in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
This invention has for its object to produce an apparatus or camera for photo-
graphic purposes, which, by means of a single handle, will automatically perform
every necessary preparation for taking a photograph, such as adjusting a new
sensitised film for exposure, releasing the shutter, and the various other operations.
Such an apparatus as the foregoing will be particularly of great advantage
in the case of instantaneously photographing moving objects, as, owing to the
amount of handling necessary for taking instantaneous photographs with the
ordinary apparatus, very frequently the best or most favourable moment for a
successful shot is lost.
This improved camera is shown on the accompanying drawings:-
Figure 1 being a longitudinal section when expanded (on the line A B in
Figure 2), whilst
Figure 2 is a front view with the cover plate removed.
Figure 3 shows a longitudinal section on the line C D (Figure 2) of the camera
shut up (closed).
Figure 4 shows an instantaneous shutter such as is specially employed by the
inventor for this camera, but which, of course, may be employed for other
cameras.
Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8 are details.
This improved camera, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, consists of two or more
cases 1, 2, 2, adjustable one in another.
This arrangement may of course be modified by merely using a bellows which
can be automatically fixed after the apparatus has reached a predetermined
position. The parts may be guided into their correct position by means of
hinged bars or by lazy tongs or by any other suitable means. It is also quite
immaterial whether the lenses be moved forward or the picture surface be moved
backwards.
For the purposes of the present description, it is assumed that the parts
shown in the accompanying drawings are adjustable one in another, the fixing
of each separate part 1, 2, 2, when the camera is expanded, may be done by
means of stop catches, stop springs or the like 8, fitted to the sides of the
parts 21 and 2.
These stop springs 8 will spring out of their recesses when the camera is fully
expanded, and press against the parts lying behind or below them, that is, the
springs of the part 2¹ press against the part 1, and those of the part 2 against 21,
which parts will then be held in their proper position. This process is accompanied
by an audible snapping which simultaneously indicates that the camera has been
fully expanded, and that all the steps hereinafter described necessary for taking a
photograph have been completed, the camera being therefore to a certain extent
ready for a "shot."
The lens shutter is not directly attached to the front of the camera, but stands
somewhat back from the front on a partition 42 which is connected with the

page_text: actual front wall 43 by means of a suitable cover 44, bottom 45 or side walls 46
and 47, so as to perfectly exclude the outside light from the inner chamber of the
camera. The lens is inserted in a sheath or holder 48 arranged in the front wall 43
of the camera.
The aforesaid partition 42 is connected by means of a bellows 50 with a similar
partition 49 situated in the rear part 1 of the camera. This partition 49, by means
of an opening 51, Figure 1, only shows so much of the film (corresponding to the
size of the picture which is to be taken) as is to be exposed. The exposure of the
remainder of the film to the light is entirely prevented by means of the aforesaid
bellows.
The roller containing the film or sensitised paper 27 is arranged in part 2 of the
camera at the left hand side of the lens. From this roller, the film passes over two
easily revolved rollers, bars or the like, 29 and 30, suitably attached to the
partition 49 of the camera, close past the opening 51 of the partition 49 to the
receiving roller 32, Figure 1, in the direction shown by the arrow, the films being
indicated by dotted lines.
The arrangement and mode of working of the delivering and receiving rollers are
as follows:
Both rollers have cord pulleys 52 and 53, and are connected by means of a
cord 54 in such a way that they will rotate in opposite directions to each other. In
order to maintain the mutual tension of the same, the delivering roller is arranged
on springs, and is borne in suitable hinged stirrups 55 and 56 pivotted at u to the
bottom and top of the camera, the first of these stirrups being constantly held down
by a spring 57. Both stirrups 55 and 56 are firmly connected by means of a cross-
bar 58, the result of which is that the pull exerted by the spring 57 on the first
stirrup is also conveyed to the second stirrup and thus both always stand parallel.
The delivering roller may be revolved in either direction according to whichever
way the aforesaid cord 54 is drawn.
The receiving roller 32 is arranged in the following manner, and shown in detail
in Figures 5 to 8 :-
The roller consists of a holder 65 on which the exposed film is wound, and it has
two flanges 66 and 67 preventing the film from slipping off. One of these flanges 67
is provided on its circumference with inclined teeth, Figures 1, 3 and 6, with which
a pawl 68 constantly engages (Figures 1 and 3) by means of a spring 69; this
ratchet wheel or the holder 65 can therefore only turn in one direction, in this
instance to the right, as shown by the arrow, and it is prevented revolving in the
opposite direction by the pawl 68. The flange 67 forming the ratchet wheel has
on its outer side the cord pulley 52, and on its inner side facing the holder there is
a second pawl 80 acting in an opposed direction to the first pawl 68. This
receiving roller revolves on an axis 70 fixed in the bottom and top of the camera
in such a way that both may be moved independently. A spiral spring 72 is
fastened at one end of this axis 70, this spring being contained in a suitable casing.
or drum 71, Figures 2 and 3. The lower end of the axis has, before it emerges™
from the holder 65, a small ratchet wheel 73 in which the pawl 80, attached to the
flange 67, engages. A further cord pulley 74 is also attached to this end, over
which pulley a cord, band or the like 76 passes, this latter being attached to the
side of the camera at a suitable point 75, and this cord 76 being wound up when
the camera is folded up.
If then the camera be expanded for the purpose of taking a photograph, the
spiral spring 72 at the end of the axis is drawn up by the cord 76 fastened in the
rear part of the camera, and the film is simultaneously unrolled by the delivering
roller 27. The receiving roller 32 remains meanwhile stationary, its rotation being
prevented by the pawl 68 on the drawing out of the camera, the shutter is at the
same time raised by means of a cord 26, as will be hereinafter described, and also
the marking device, which is also more particularly described further on, comes
into the position shown in Figure 1. When the exposure has taken place,
the camera is folded up; the spiral spring 72 coming into play, the axis 70 is

page_text: compulsorily connected with the holder 65 by the action of the aforesaid small ratchet
wheel 73 and pawl 80, and the receiving roller takes up a portion of the film. As
the delivering roller is connected with the receiving roller by a running cord 54,
the latter also revolves, but in an opposite direction and thus takes up a portion
of the film.
When the camera is folded up, the marking device hereinbefore mentioned will
then come into action. This exactly determines the limit between the separate
pictures or impressions, and thus considerably facilitates the exact cutting off of the
pictures. This marking device is arranged in such a way that, in the bottom and
cover of the rear part 1 of the camera at the sides of the partition 49, two angle
pieces revolving on the point 59 are arranged which are connected by means of a
clasp 61 carrying the separate marking pins a. When the camera is expanded,
this marking device is pressed by a spring 62 away from the film against the back
wall 63 of the camera, on the shutting up of the camera, however, the front part
encounters the angle pieces 60, causing these to revolve, and the marking pins a
penetrate into the film, Figure 3.
The shutter employed with this camera is arranged in the following manner, see
Figure 4-
A hinged or revolving plate B pivotted at A is arranged in front of the objective
opening, which plate B is usually pressed against a pin D by the action of a spiral
spring C, and thus the opening of the objective is kept closed. On this plate B, a
flat spring F is arranged, provided with a pin E pointed at its lower part. The
releasing lever G rests against the opposite side of the pin D against which the
hinged plate presses. This lever is constantly drawn down by a second spiral
spring H, the position of which is shown in full lines in Figure 4, and is arranged
in such a way that it may be drawn upwards by means of a cord 26 or knob
attached to it. When this is done, it slips from under the pin E of the flat spring
and rests upon the same, see Figure 4, dotted lines. The hinged or revolving
plate B has a slot J in which the projection K' of one arm of an elbow lever K
engages, this latter revolving on a point K2 and being controlled by a spring L, on
the other arm of the elbow lever K (opposite the one which has the projection K¹)
two suitably supported bars N N' press, which may be pushed back in the direction
shown by the arrow in Figure 4, that is to say, against the elbow lever K, from
the outside of the apparatus or camera by means of two knobs projecting from
the same.
These bars N N' serve for releasing the shutter, both for time and instantaneous
exposures. If the shutter be drawn up, the lever G rests, as already stated,
against the pin E of the flat spring. In the case of time exposures, the bar N is
pushed in until it encounters the pin D against which the hinged plate presses. In
this pushing back of the bar N, it encounters with its projection N the elbow
lever K, moves this lever into the position shown in dotted lines in Figure 4 until
the projection K' of the elbow lever comes out of the slot J and the plate B is
released.
This latter is then at once drawn downwards by the releasing lever G which is
resting on the pin E of the flat spring F until the lever rests on the bar N. The
plate B and lever G have thus reached the position shown in dotted lines in the
drawing, in which the objective is open, and remains in that condition as long as
the knob or the bar N is pressed down. When the pressure ceases, the lever G
is entirely drawn by its spring H against the pin D, by which means the lever slips
under the pin E attached to the plate B, the plate is thereby released and returns
to its former position, that is to say, it again rests against the pin D and closes the
objective opening.
The operation is a similar one for instantaneous exposures.
The elbow lever K is again pressed back by pressing on the knob O¹ of the
bar N. The plate B thus released is pushed downwards by the lever G, and as
this latter encounters no obstacle (in contradistinction to the operation in time
exposures where it rests against the bar N) it slides at once away over the

page_text: pin E of the plate B, which latter springs back again. The whole process is
instantaneous.
Figure 4 shows the arrangement alone of the parts for operating the shutter, but
in this camera they are arranged on the side of the partition 42 facing the lenses.
The drawing up or releasing of the shutter takes place from the back of the
camera by means of a stop spring or stop catch 23 arranged on the inside of part 1,
and having a pressure knob projecting to the outside; the stop hooks of this catch
engage, when the camera is folded up, behind a pointed pin 24 which engages in a
groove of part 1, and hold this latter back when the camera is expanded. As a
drawing cord 26, which passes over suitable rollers 64 and is connected with the
releasing lever G of the shutter and runs under the bellows 50, is attached to the
camera, the shutter is drawn up by the expansion of the latter.
By pressing on the knob of the stop catch or stop spring 23, the pin 24 is
released, the spring H of the shutter comes into action, the pin 24 is thereby
drawn forward in its groove.
Of course, as before stated, any other suitable arrangement of shutter may be
employed.
It may also be remarked that the finder (German "Sucher") which is not shown
in the drawing, attached to the apparatus, may be used for adjusting both for high.
as well as square shaped views.
Further improvements are shown in Figures 9 to 18: they are-
1st. A modification of the objective shutter shown in Figure 4.
2nd. The attachment of the strip of negative on the film rollers: and
3rd. The finder cover, which is here replaced by a screen which springs up.
automatically.
Three forms of construction of the shutter are shown in the drawing.
In Figure 10, the shutter consists of two wings or flies 15, of sheet metal or the
like, which are pivotted at 16 and are each continued on the outer side so far under
the point of rotation that they form to a certain extent a double lever. These side
extensions have the form of an acute angle, and are here bent outwards in order to
form projections 17. The two flies 15 are held under the objective in the closing
position by means of a spring 12.
The opening of the flies takes place by means of a lever 14 lying over the pro-
jections 17, this lever being movably arranged on the point 13 at the front wall of
the camera, and provided with angular projections (see Figure 11 in detail)
which correspond to the projections of the closing or shutter flies.
This lever 14 is constantly maintained, by means of a spring c, on the
projection 17, that is to say, in the position shown in full lines in Figure 10.
The lever is moved by means of a bar d passing through the lid (top) of the
camera and having a pressure knob.
The setting or opening of the shutter is brought about by pressure being applied
to this knob, causing the bar d to move the lever 14 downwards and the
projections of this latter to act on the lower ends or projections 17 of the
flies, and to move these latter into the open position, that is, that shown in dotted
lines.
As soon as these flies have assumed this position, the lever projections b slip
downwards from off the projections of the flies and consequently the spring 12,
which was stretched by the separation of the flies, comes into play and snaps the
latter together with great rapidity into the closed position. On the relaxation of
the pressure on the bar d, the lever 14 by the action of the spring c returns to its
original position in which its projections & disengage from the angular projections
of the flies and then remain stationary over the same, see Figure 9 side view.
device for regulating the speed is not necessary with this shutter, as its peculiar
form enables the operator to make the shutter work quickly or slowly exactly as,
in his judgment or idea, opportunity is afforded at the corresponding moment, and
this may be done by pressing the releasing knob for a shorter time more rapidly or
more slowly. In addition to the releasing knob, a revolving arm e of suitable
A

page_text: thickness, shown in plan view in Figure 12, is arranged on the top of the camera,
and this arm before the release of the shutter is pushed against the bar d in order
to limit the movement of the same and thereby that of the lever 14. A. recess or
indentation is made on the bar d under the knob, in which recess the arm e is
pushed, when the flies are to be held open a longer time for time exposures.
This arm e fits, when the camera is shut up, into a groove of the other part 1 of
the camera,
and is thus automatically returned to its former position.
In the modification shown in Figure 13, only one closing fly 15 is employed,
which revolves on 16, and is held closed by means of a spring 12.
This shuttle
or closing fly is opened by means of movable double lever 14 pivotted at 13, which
lever is normally held in the position shown in dotted lines by a suitably strong
spring c. The fly or shutter and the lever are provided with suitably corresponding
projections 17 and b.
In order to open the shutter, the lever 14 must be operated or brought into
the position shown in full lines, in which position its projection 6 stands over the
projection 17 of the shutter. The lever 14 is operated by means of a spring bar d
which is carried through a guide and through the top of the camera and above
this is provided with a press knob. The bent end of this bar d generally fits on
or rather in the forked end of the shorter arm of lever 14.
If the bar d be pressed down, it moves the shorter arm of lever 14 downwards,
and thereby forces the longer arm upwards until the projection b on this latter
stands over the projection 17 of the fly or shutter. By this means the spring c is
stretched, as shown in full lines on the drawing. If the bar d be then pressed
downwards, only a very little more, its bent end slips off the short arm of the
lever 14 allowing the spring c to come into play, and snaps the lever 14 with
great rapidity back into the position shown in dotted lines. This lever then
strikes with its projection 6 on the projection 17 of the shutter fly and shoots
this down into the open position shown in dotted lines. The lever 14 then
remains stationary in this position whilst the shutter under the action of the
spring 12, which is stretched by this movement, springs back again past the lever
into the closed position.
The speed at which this shutter device may be worked, may be regulated by
stretching more or less the spring c which moves the lever, even before this latter
is operated. For this object the spring is suspended by its upper end to a strap g
which passes into a slot in the top of the camera and which is provided near its
end with a number of holes. This band or strap is then pulled to a suitable extent
to stretch the spring c, and one of its holes looped in the hook of a spring bar h
attached to the top of the camera, as shown in Figure 13ª. When the camera is
collapsed, or shut up, this bar his pressed down by the part 1 into a recess formed
in the top, by which means the strap or band is automatically pushed off the pin
of the bar h and thus the spring c is again released.
Near the pivot 16 of the shutter fly, a bar i is arranged which passes through
the top of the camera and is provided with a press knob. By means of this bar,
the shutter fly is pressed down and retained in an open position when it is desired
to make a time exposure. This bar is in this case also, in a similar way to the
bar d in the first form of construction, retained in a pressed down position by
means of a revolving arm or slide piece e inserted in a recess in the same.
closing of the shutter fly is brought about by means of the spring 12 (which was
stretched by the opening of the fly) as soon as the slide piece e is turned back
again.
The
The form of construction shown in Figure 14 forms a combination of the forms
of construction shown in Figures 10 and 13, utilising the two shutter flies of the
former, and the double lever 14, the spring c with regulating device and the
releasing bar d of the latter. The mode of working is essentially the same as
in the last described form of construction. For time exposures the opening of
the shutter flies also takes place by means of a rod i which in this case however
is bent to form an elbow and is provided at its end with a plate which is

page_text: If
seated loosely in a recess formed under the objective in and between the flies.
then the bar i be pressed down, the plate acts on the obliquely cut surfaces of
the flies and thus presses these latter apart. This rod may also be retained in a
pressed down position by means of a slide piece e.
It is self evident that the last described arrangement for time exposures may
also be replaced by any suitable arrangement answering the same purpose.
Figures 15 and 16 are elevations, and Figure 17 a section of an arrangement for
fastening the strip of negative on the film rollers. These latter consist, as may be
seen from Figure 17, of a cylinder m of sheet metal or the like, which cylinder is
provided with a conical slot k of suitable length. The end of the strip or band of
negative is laid in this slot and then the U-shaped clamping device p, Figure 16,
which is bent out of sheet metal and is also conical, is inserted into the upper (and
wider) end of the slot k, pressed down the latter and then pushed up, whereby the
angles or points of the device, Figure 16, press the band or strip of negative 1,
Figure 17. against the edges of the slot and thus hold the same fast. The removal
of the band takes place in the reversed manner.
Instead of the finder cover hitherto employed, a screen or blind, Figure 18, is
employed, which springs up automatically when the camera is drawn out. This
screen consists of a springy wire frame o which is attached at n to the camera.
This frame corresponds in size to the upper finder glass and has at the side a black
cloth pouch or cover 7 which encloses this glass. This blind or screen springs up
automatically when the camera is drawn out and when the latter is shut up the
screen is pressed down by the part 1. This frame is open at the top and serves,
during the adjustment with the finder, to avoid reflections on the finder glass which
have a disturbing effect on the eye.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by
my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is-
1. An improved photographic hand-camera in which, by drawing out and
collapsing the case, which automatically adjusts itself, and is divided into two or
more parts 1, 2, 2, the sensitive film arranged therein and carried over rollers 29, 30,
is wound off a delivering roller, or on to a receiving roller, and passed in front of
the exposure opening 51, whilst the shutter is operated by means of a cord 26 and
pawl 24, and finally the separate impressions are marked off by a suitable marking
device, substantially as described and shown.
2. The arrangement of the delivering and receiving rollers described in Claim 1,
in such a manner that the receiving roller is made in two parts, one part consisting
of the holder 65 with ratchet 67, cord pulley 52, and pawl 80, the other part, of
the axis 70, ratchet wheel 73 and the spring 72; this receiving roller being further
connected with the delivering roller by means of a cord and pulleys, and these
parts acting together in such a way that, when the camera is opened or expanded,
only the delivering roller is revolved, the receiving roller being prevented doing so
by a pawl 68, and the spring 72 being stretched by means of the cord 76; but,
when the camera is collapsed or shut up, the spring 72 comes into play, revolving
the holder 65 which is connected with the axis 70 by means of a ratchet wheel 73
and pawl 80, and conveying this rotation simultaneously by means of a cord
pulley 54 to the delivering roller, so that both rollers wind off or up an equal
amount of film and thus avoid a waste of film substantially as described and
shown.
3. In the improved camera described in Claim 1, a marking device, consisting
of two angle pieces 60 movably attached to the top and bottom of the camera,
and connected by a bar 61 studded with pins a, this marking device being pressed
away from the film by means of a spring 62' when the camera is opened, the front
part 2 of which, when the camera is closed, encounters one arm of the angle
piece 60, and turns this latter, thus causing the pins a to penetrate the films
substantially as described and shown.

page_text: 4. In the apparatus described in Claim 1, an objective shutter consisting of-
(a.) A revolving plate B which is constantly pressed in the closing position,
by means of a spring C, against a pin D:
(b.) A spring releasing lever G, which, when the shutter is set, rests against a
yielding spring pin E on the plate B, and tends to turn the plate B
downwards, but is prevented doing this by means of an elbow lever K, the
projection K of which rests in a recess or indentation J of the plate B:
(c.) Two bars N N' operated from the outside, one of which, N', for instan-
taneous exposures, presses against the elbow lever K, turns the same, and
thus releases the plate B, which is then drawn downwards by the lever G,
and, slipping off the latter, springs back again into its normal position;
whilst the other bar, N, serves for time exposures and operates in the same
manner as just described for the release of the plate B, but which rests
against the pin E on the plate B before the lever & slips off the plate, and
allows the exposure to continue as long as the lever G is retained in this
position, all substantially as hereinbefore described and shown.
5. In place of the objective shutter described in Claim 4, a modification thereof,
which is formed of a closing device consisting of one or two wings or flies 15, this
closing device being held closed by means of a spring, and opened either by
pressing with the finger on a spring lever 14, which acts in this case by its
projections b on the lower ends of the wings or flies 15, or by the stroke of a
double lever 14 which is operated by means of a bar d and an adjustable spring c;
whilst, for time exposures, this closing device may, if desired, be kept open by
means of a spring bar i capable of being fixed by means of a revolving slide piece e,
substantially as described and shown.
6. In the improved camera described in Claim 1, a fastening of the negative strip
on the film rollers consisting of the arrangement of a conical slot on this roller,
in which slot the strip is pressed by means of a clamp device, Figure 16, so that,
when this latter has been pushed down, the strip is held fast, substantially as
described and shown.
7. In the improved camera described in Claim 1, the replacement of the finder
cover by a blind or screen consisting of a spring wire frame o and a covering g of
fabric or cloth, which blind is open above and springs up automatically on the
camera being opened, for the object of preventing disturbing reflections during
adjustment with the finder, substantially as described and shown.
Dated this 8th day of February 1894.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Agents.