IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF PAPER FOR WRITING AND COPYING PURPOSES
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Sholl, of Victoria Grove West, Stoke
Newington, in the County of Middlesex, Ink Manufacturer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF
PAPER FOR WRITING AND COPYING PURPOSES."
Sealed the 16th July 1858, and dated the 2nd February 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Sholl at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd February
1858.
I, JAMES SHOLL, of Victoria Grove West, Stoke Newington, in the County
of Middlesex, Ink Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF PAPER
POR WRITING AND COPYING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the manufacture or preparation of paper
has for its object to produce paper on which thin ink or writing fluid will
become darker and more legible immediately after writing, and will also afford
a good transfer copy although it be some days after the writing was executed.
Paper prepared according to my Invention is also better adapted for receiving
transfer copies than ordinary copying paper.
In preparing writing paper according to my Invention, I take ordinary
writing paper and immerse it in whiting or fine chalk dissolved or mixed in
water to a creany consistency; the chalk or whiting adheres to the size or

page_text: gluten of the paper. After immersing the paper two or three minutes I wash
all superfluous chalk matter from it in clean water, and then dry and finish
the paper in the manner of finishing writing papers. In manufacturing paper
according to my Invention, I mix a sufficient quantity of the whiting or fine
chalk with the paper pulp, and then complete the manufacture in the ordinary
way, taking care to mix such a quantity of the chalk or whiting as will have
the desired effect upon the ink when used for writing purposes, the object
being to render the ink blacker and more legible, and also to yield a copy
more readily than ordinary paper.
The same mode of preparation or manufacture of paper is adapted for
copying papers, and causes the transfer copies to be more easily transferred
and more distinct than when taken on ordinary copying paper.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Sholl in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
29th July 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
SHOLL, of Victoria Grove West, Stoke Newington, in the County of Middlesex,
Ink Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said James Sholl, Her special licence, that I, the said James Sholl, my execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Sholl, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands and Isle
of Man, an Invention for ." IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION
OP PAPER FOR WRITING AND COPYING PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said James Sholl, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Sholl, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My Invention of improvements in the manufacture or preparation of paper
has for its object to produce paper on which thin ink or writing fluid will
become dark and legible soon after writing upon it, and such also that it will
afford a good transfer copy, although it may be some days after the writing
has been executed. Paper prepared according to my Invention is also better
adapted for receiving transfer copies than ordinary copying paper.
In preparing writing paper according to my Invention, I take ordinary
writing paper and immerse it in whiting or purified chalk (carbonate of lime)
dissolved or mixed in water to a creamy consistency; the chalk or whiting
adheres to the paper or to the size or gluten of the paper. I immerse the
paper in the mixture of chalk or whiting for a period of two or three minutes,
or other sufficient time for the purpose; I then remove the paper from the
mixture of whiting or chalk, and wash all the superfluous chalk matter from
it in clean water, and afterwards dry and finish the paper in the manner of
finishing writing papers. In the manufacture of paper according to my Inven-
tion, instead of applying the chalk or whiting to the paper after being made,
I introduce it during the manufacture of the paper.
I mix a quantity of the whiting or refined chalk with the paper pulp after it
has been prepared, and in a state suitable for spreading into sheets, and then
complete the manufacture of the paper in the ordinary way. For this purpose
I mix about five pounds weight of whiting or chalk otherwise refined, to one
hundred pounds weight of pulp; or it may be more or less, so as to produce
the desired effect upon the ink when the paper is used for writing purposes,
the object being to render the ink blacker and more legible than it would be
on paper of the ordinary manufacture, and also that it may yield a copy more
readily than ordinary paper.
Instead of mixing the chalk with the pulp, as herein-before mentioned, I
prefer to mix the whiting or chalk first with the size or gluten used in the
manufacture of paper, and apply it to the paper material with such matter,
and thereby incorporate therewith a sufficient quantity of the cretaceous
material for the purpose required, otherwise the manufacture of the paper is
conducted in the usual manner.
When it is desired to take copies of writings from paper so prepared; it is
necessary that the ink used in writing should be copying ink, at the same
time such copying ink may be much thinner or of less body than ordinary

page_text: copying ink, which will yield a legible copy; this is the case more especially
when the copying paper is also manufactured according to my Invention.
The copy is transferred in the press in the ordinary way.
The mode of preparation above described is adapted for copying papers,
which causes the transfer copies to be more casily transferred, and also renders
them more distinct than when taken on ordinary copying paper.
i
For fine writing or copying papers, the article known in commerce as "creta
precipitate "may be employed as the material to impart the cretaceous character
to the paper, using about one pound by weight of "creta precipitate"" for
every gallon of size.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be
secured by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the application
or admixture of refined chalk (carbonate of lime,) or whiting to or in writing,
transfer, or copying papers, for the purposes and as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Sholl, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness,
WILLIAM CLARK, Patent Agent,
53, Chancery Lane, London.
JAMES SHOLL. (L.S.)