Improvements in Foot Warmers and other Heating Apparatus.
Year: 1893

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Foot Warmers and other Heating Apparatus.
I, PIERRE GRANDJEAN, Mechanical Engineer of 94 Rue d'Allemagne, Paris, in
the Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement :-
This invention for improvements in foot warmers and other heating apparatus
relates to fixed or portable heating apparatus for warming railway carriages or
other cars, boats, apartments, cafés, workshops, stores, greenhouses, bed wariners,
feeding bottles and the like.
Among the heating apparatuses already known it was sought several years ago
to construct heaters containing certain heat retaining chemical substances, which
heaters were closed as hermetically as possible. They were placed for several
moments in boiling water from which they took the heat stored by them.
Unfortunately these apparatuses have not given the results looked for, due to
several reasons, the principal of which was the composition of the product itself
which they contained, and which attacked the metal or solder, and whilst rendering
the apparatus unserviceable was able to wound or burn seriously.
After numerous researches and experiments I have obtained an apparatus
perfectly watertight filled with a product which is a good heat accumulator, and
such that it does not damage my apparatus to which I can ascribe an indefinite
duration.
So that the matter may be clearly understood I will explain my procedure,
giving as examples the heater represented by Figures 1 2 and 3 in the annexed
drawing.
Figure 1 being a perspective view
Figure 2 an end view showing the height of the liquid and
Figure 3 a longitudinal vertical section of the heater.
My heaters and apparatuses will in general be composed of a metal body A,
preferably of copper, flattened on each side and presenting consequently an oval
section. It is closed at each end by plates B B₁ turned over in such manner that
they present two outside cheek pieces D D' to protect the apparatus and closing
gradually on to the body A to which they are brased.
An opening is made in the bottom B' to allow of the introduction of my product
this opening is closed hermetically by a screw stopper C screwed in and soldered. A
handle F is fixed to the heater by a soldered plate E.
Having described this and it being understood that the apparatus as above may
be indefinitely varied in shape and size having always the same indispensable
condition of being watertight, I will now state the product I use and my method
of its manufacture and the means to be employed to give the necessary heat to
my apparatuses.
Composition of the product

page_text: product it is only necessary to melt it by the application of heat and it can then be
introduced into the heaters or other apparatuses.
Employment of the heaters and the like.
Place the heater in boiling water for, ten minutes or a quarter of an hour the
heater thus acquires a degree of heat sufficient to enable it to give out heat for
fifteen to sixteen hours more or less according to the size of the heater or
apparatus.
The heaters can be left in the water as long as desired and only used as required,
without the product undergoing any deterioration, they can be heated up at any
moment and when the apparatus is warmed there is no need to give it any movement
in order to disengage the heat.
Instead of using caustic soda, soda and lime, soda and alcohol, caustic potash,
calcium chloride, carbonate of soda, potassium chlorate, may be employed. Nitric
or sulphuric acid and the like may be used in the manufacture of my products.
my
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what
I claim is
In a warming apparatus, the use, in a watertight receptacle of a combination of
water and caustic soda, in the proportions indicated above, such product permitting
the accumulation and conservation of the heat communicated by the boiling water
substantially as described.
Dated this 27th day of March 1893.
WHEATLEY & MACKENZIE,
40, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents.