Improvements in Woven Fabrics, and in Looms for Weaving the same.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Woven Fabrics, and in Looms for Weaving the
same.
1, BENJAMIN ARNOLD, of East Greenwich, Rhode Island, United States of America,
Solicitor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
It is the aim of my invention to produce a fabric of a width and character which
shall particularly fit the same for use in making hose-pipes and bags, and for other
special purposes. For certain reason it is deemed desirable that the woven fabrics
employed as wrappings in the manufacture of hose-pipe, and fabrics used in making
bags, should be made in the form of strips or webs having the warp and weft threads
disposed in lines which extend diagonally across the width thereof. Heretofore, in
practice, the strips or webs thus employed have been produced by taking a web of
cloth which has been woven in the usual manner, with the weft-threads thereof
extending across the web at right angles to the selvages, and cutting the web diagon-
ally across into strips, which are joined together at the selvage portions thereof to
form continuous lengths of cloth having the warp and weft threads disposed
diagonally with reference to its sides.
It is my object to obviate the necessity for cutting an ordinary web diagonally into
strips and joining the latter as just described, in the manufacture of a fabric having
the warp and weft threads crossing the same diagonally from side to side thereof.
My invention consists of an improved woven fabric formed with selvages at the
opposite edges thereof, and composed of warp and weft threads which extend
diagonally across the fabric from selvage to selvage thereof and crossing each other at
right angles in like manner as the usual warp and weft threads cross one another in
the ordinary woven fabric.
My invention also consists in a loom of novel construction whereby I am enabled to
weave the fabric aforesaid.
According to my invention I attach to the loom frame brackets serving for the sup-
port of the axes of two sets of rollers, one set of rollers is placed at one side of the
loom and around the same passes an endless carrier belt, while other set of rollers are
placed at the other side thereof and around the same also passes an endless carrier
belt. Each carrier belt is provided with a series of points or equivalent loop supports,
and upon the two series of points or supports, is looped a continuous warp thread,
coming from a bobbin or other convenient source of supply, the successive loops of
the said warp thread extending side by side, and close together, across from the points
or support on the first mentioned belt to the points or supports on the second belt.
The loops are held by those points or supports which are on the upper portions of the
belts, and are given a step by step or intermittent forward movement by devices
which will hereinafter be described. The second belt is shorter than the first men-
tioned belt, said first belt extending farther to the right than the corresponding end
of the second belt. In consequence of this and of the fact that the loops of the warp
thread are applied to the points, as the latter pass upward around the rollers, it follows
that the loops of the warp thread extending from point to point, take up a diagonal
position in the loom. In order to loop the warp thread automatically upon the points
or supports as the said points or supports ascend at the sides of the rollers, I provide
a reciprocating guide which is caused first to pass in proximity to and beyond a point

page_text: or support of one series of points or supports, and then caused to pass across in
proximity to and beyoud one of the points or supports of the other series of points
or supports, this operation being continuously repeated.
The thread guide moves adjacent to those portions of belte, which are passing
upward around the right-hand rollers. Each time the guide swings out beyond a
point or support of either series it lays the warp thread above such point or support,
and before it returns inward the belt carrying the said point or support is advanced a
step, so that when the guide returns inward the thread will be conducted below the
said point or support and thereby looped around the same. The thread guide may
be arranged as a lever which is provided at its upper end with an eye or tube, for the
warp thread to pass through, and pivoted at its lower end to a hanger, the said lever
having near its upper end a longitudinal slot, receiving a piu projecting from a block,
which is mounted to slide upon a guide bar the suid lever being thereby steadied and
directed in its movements. The lever is provided with means for vibrating the same
which will be described hereinafter.
It is necessary to form a shed for the reception of the weft thread in the loops of
warp thread stretched across from one belt to the other. This may variously be
effected. A convenient means of affecting the shedding may be so arranged that the
opening of successive sheds in the loops of warp thread is occasioned by imparting
rocking movement to one set of the supports therefor, first in one direction and then
in the other.
B
The points upon the carrier or second belt are simply fixed thereto along the inner
edge thereof, and stand up at about a right angle to the surface of the belt, while the
potuts of the carrier or first belt are each fixed to the inner end of a rod which is
mounted to turn in bearings formed in sinall blocks applied to the outer surface of
the said belt. These points receive and retain the bights formed in the warp thread,
and the rods have imparted to them a rocking movement around their axis thereby
the opposite sides of each loop which has been forined in the warp thread are
alternately presented uppermost, sheds being formed thereby for the reception of the
weft thread. For the purpose of communicating the rocking movement to the rods
each rod is provided with a pin projecting therefroin at right angles to the length of
the rod, and above the first belt, in close proximity to that portion thereof which
extends horizontally across from the upper side of one roller of the first set to the
upper side of the other roller of the same set is arranged a bar, having on its under
side projections. This bar slides in bearings made therefor in the upper parts of the
brackets by which the said rollers are supported, and it is reciprocated in the said
bearings by devices which will hereinafter be described. When the said bar is
reciprocated, the projections engage with the pins on the rods and turn the points
first to one side and then to the other. The upper portion of the belt between the
said rollers passes over a table aud is supported thereby so as to sustain the pins in
position to be acted upon by the projections carried by the bar. In order to ensure
that the points shall project at the proper angle to receive the loops of warp thread
as the said points pass upward around the right hand rollers, I provide the outer end
of each rod with a cross bar standing at right angles to the points and pin carried by
the said rod, and adjacent to the said rollers, I place a curved guide, having a pointed
or tapering leading end, the cross-bars bearing against the outer surface of the
said curved guide as they are carried past the same; and the rods being thereby
turned into correct position and there held until after the loops have been applied
thereto.
The said supporting points are so shaped that they are flat and taper gradually
and of sufficient breadth to separate or open the loops of the warp thread somewhat,
in order to permit of the introduction of a weft carrier between them, the loops being
presented in proper position for the passage of the weft thread between when
the points are turned to the one side or the other. I may arrange the points turned
either to the left or to the right. The weft thread may be inserted in various ways
and if desired a shuttle may be employed. I find it convenient to use as a weft
carrier or inserter a needle or rod, inasmuch as the same can be made slender in order

page_text: to permit of it being inserted into a comparatively narrow shed, and inasmuch as it
permits of the use of a weft thread of great length coming from a stationary bobbin
or other convenient outside source of supply. The weft thread which is introduced
by the aid of the needle is taken from a bobbin or other convenient source of supply,
and passes through an eye at the forward end of the needle. I find it advisable to
cause the needle, in introducing a length of weft thread to move in a line parallel
with the series of points, carrying the loops of the warp thread, inasmuch as the said
loops are most widely spread close to the points and the needle can there enter without
obstruction. I also find it advisable to cause the needle, in withdrawing from the
shed, to swing outward from the series of points in order that a comb or series of
wires constituting a reed may be caused to rise up back of the loop of weft thread
which has just been introduced and may act to comb or beat up the said loop to the
cloth-making line. The said needle, therefore, is pivoted at the outer end thereof by.
a pin to a block which slides freely within a tube extending parallel with the series of
points. The said rear end of the needle has an arm projecting laterally therefrom and
extending out through a slot in the side of the tube. The reduced outer end of this arm
passes through a slot formed in the upper end of the lever which is pivoted at its lower
end to the looin frame, and the said lover is vibrated by means which will be described
hereinafter. In consequence of pivoting the needle at its outer end to the block and
causing the lever to act upon the arm at one side of the pivot, the needle is swung
on the said pivot at each change in the direction of the movement of the lever.
When the said lever begins to move, after having completed its outward movement,
the free end of the needle first is caused to assume a position which places the needlo
in a line parallel with the series of points, and then the needle and block are caused
to move endwise along the tube. As the needle is thrust inward, it moves in a line
parallel with the series of points and as close to the said series of points as is
practicable, in order that it inay pass between the separate portions of the loops in
the warp thread as nearly as may be where the said portions are most widely
separated. When the needle is at the end of its inward movement, and the lever
begins to move in the reverse direction, the first effect is to turn the needle on its
pivot, throwing the free end or point of the needle around in an arc of a circle and
away from the series of points, sufficiently far to provide for the entrance of the dents
or wires of a reed or comb among the portions of the warp thread which extend from
the points to the points, and back behind the portions of weft thread which has been
introduced by the described action of the needle, after which the needle is drawn out
from among the loops of the weft thread in consequence of the movement of block
longitudinally of the tube. As a result of introducing the weft thread by means of
the needle, the weft thread will lie doubled upon itself or in loop form, in each
crossing in the portions of the warp thread which extend from the points to the
points. In order to ensure the proper formation of the loops in the weft thread and
prevent the said loops from being withdrawn as the needle is being drawn out of the
shed, and also for the purpose of forming a good selvage at that side of the fabric on
which the said free ends of the loops terminate, I employ a selvage needle. This
needle is formed like an ordinary latch knitting needle and by preference is caused to
reciprocate in a line parallel with the series of points and in line with the weft
carrier needle. It is caused to enter the shed from the side thereof which is opposite
to the side on which the weft carrier needle enters, and is operated in such manner
as that as the weft carrier needle is nearing the end of its inward movement the said
selvage needle shall advance a short distance within the shed to meet the needle,
then, after having caught the loop of weft thread introduced by the needle it shall
withdraw from the shed with the said loop, and afterward, after having advanced in
like manner into the succeeding shed and engaged the next loop of weft thread, and
withdrawn, the first loop engaged thereby shall become interchained with the second
loop, and so on, thereby forming a close chain-loop or knitted selvage, which may be
made in like manner on the outer edge of the fabric by using a similar latch needle
with line motions. The selvage needle is long and slender so as to permit it to pass
readily into the shed, which on the side thereof adjacent to the said needle is very

page_text: much contracted, and the said needle, or the stem carrying the same, slides through
a block which is mounted on the frame, it being operated by means which will
hereinafter be described. Each loop of weft thread, after the withdrawal of the weft
carrier needle from the shed, is beaten up to the cloth making lines by meaus of
a comb or reed composed of a series of teeth or wires applied to a bar or backing
strip. In order that this reed or comb may be beat up the successive loops of weft
threads into a position which causes them to cross at right angles the loops of warp
threads, one end of the reed or comb is pivoted to the fratne at a point adjacent to
the left band end of the first belt and the said reed or comb is so arranged and
operated that when the free end thereof is carried forward into its most advanced
position in the loom the said reed crosses the loops of warp thread on a line at right
angles thereto. The reed is operated by means of device which will be described
hereinafter and which impart to the free end thereof a movement in approximately
a circular path, whereby the teeth of the reed are caused to pass upward among the
loops of warp thread stretched across from point to point behind the last introduced
loop of weft thread, then moved forward to carry the said loop of weft thread to the
cloth making line, and then withdrawn from among the loops of warp thread and
reinserted behind the next loop of weft thread, and so on. The onward movement
of the belts feeds along the cloth as fast as it is woven.
In order to strip the loops of warp thread from the points or supports, an inclined
plate is applied to the loom frame adjacent to the left hand roller of the second set.
The points while in engagement with the projections on the bar are maintained in
proper position to hold the loops of weft thread thereon, but when they are carried
downward in the movement of the first belt around the said left hand roller, they pass
beyond the control of the projections and are left free to turn up so as to draw out of
the loops.
The foregoing parts constitute the characteristic features of my improved loom.
The mechanism for actuating the parts which have so far been mentioned herein will
now be described. On the driving shaft of the machine is a band pulley which is
intended to receive a driving band passed around the same. A
wheel fast upon
genr
the said shaft meshes with a gear wheel turning on a stud fixed to the loom frame,
the said gear wheel carrying a crank which is connected by a link or connecting rod
with the lever by which the weft inserting needle or carrier is actuated. The said
lever is utilized in the actuation of the endless carrier belts, and also of the
reciprocating bar by which the points are rocked, and of the selvage needle. The
roller arranged at the right hand side and the left hand roller are provided on
the outer faces thereof with the ratchet teeth which are carried by two arms, these
arms being journalled upon the outer ends of the studs on which the said rollers
rotate.
The lower end of the first arm is pivotally connected to a rod which, at one end
thereof, is pivotally connected with one end of a lover that is pivoted on the loom
frame at the left hand end thereof, the opposite end of the lever being connected by
a link with the lower end of second arm. The right hand end of the rod has a slot
extending longitudinally thereof, and in the slot plays a pin projecting from the side
of the lever pivoted at the lower end of the frame. By these devices the endless
carrier belts alternately are given the necessary intermittent advancing movement.
The bar reciprocating is connected by a rod with the upper end of a lever which is
pivoted upon one of the brackets on the frame, the lower end of the said lever being
in operative connection with a crank pin on the back of a disc which is mounted on
a pivot on the loom frame. From the outer face of the disc project two pins, said
pins being placed on opposite sides of the centre of the disc. Between these pins
extends the left hand end of the rod which at its right hand end has a slot in which
plays a pin projecting from the side of lever. The left hand end of rod is formed
with a double hook fitted to engage with the pins, and the said end also is formed
adjacent to the said hooks with guard projections on the opposite edges of the rod.
A spring bears against the side of rod with considerable friction.
The left hand end of rod is connected by a rod with the lower end of a lever

page_text: which is pivoted upon the loom frame and has the upper end thereof connected with
the left hand end of the selvedge needle. By these devices the selvedge needle is
given the necessary endwise movement, and the bar is reciprocated for the purpose of
rocking the points; and the disc being turned first in one direction and then in the
other, for the purpose of occasioning this rocking movement, by the engagement of
the double book with the opposite pins alternately. The parts being with the rod at
the extreme point of its movement to the left, the upper member of the double hook
will be held in position to engage with the upper pin as the rod moves to the right,
the said double hook being raised in consequence of the lower guard projection resting
upon the lower pin, and being prevented from falling after the projection passes from
pin by the spring. After the rod has moved to the right, and returned, the parts will
stand with the upper guard projection bearing against the upper pin, and the lower
ineinber of the double hook in engagement with the lower pin, in readiness to turn
the disk, at the movement of rod to the right, in the opposite direction to that in
which the said disk was moved when the parts were in the position before occupied.
The friction occasioned by the bearing of spring against the side of rod holds the rod
in position, until it is moved from such position into another by the contact of one of
the guard projections with one of the pins. A bevel pinion on the inner end of
driving shaft engages a bevel gear wheel on a shaft mounted in bearings on the loom
frame at an angle to the shaft, the said shaft being provided with a crank connected
by a rod with the thread guide or lever. Thereby the said lever is vibrated to lay
the warp thread around the points. The free end of the reed bar or backing is
pivotally connected with the upper end of a rod which is fitted to slide vertically
through a hole in a bracket fixed to the loom frame, and to swing laterally on its
bearings in the said hole. The lower end of the said rod is connected to a crank pin
carried by a bevel gear wheel, which is mounted to turn loosely on the inuer end of
the shaft and is driven by a bevel gear wheel fixed on the driving shaft.
consequence of the reed being pivoted to the loom frame at one end, and of the rod
having a bearing and driving connections such as described the free end of the reed
is caused to travel in a circular path.
In
The belts are advanced alternately as described, in order that the looping of the
warp thread about the supports or points on the said belts alternately may properly
be effected. Thus, when the warp guide swings outward by the first belt, laying the
warp thread over a support thereon, and said belt is advanced one step, so that when
the guide returns the warp thread shall pass underneath the said support and be
looped around the same, and as the guide continues to swing across after it reaches
second belt and lays the warp thread over a support thereon, this latter belt is
advanced a step so as to provide for the looping of the warp thread around this
support in the return of the guide. The turning of the loops of warp thread first
in one way and then in the other takes place when the needle is withdrawn from the
shed, and so does the feeding of first belt, but the feeding of second belt takes
place when the needle is within the shed. The feeding forward of the fabric as fust
Rs woven is effected by the advance of the belts, and the cloth is delivered from the
supports on the said belts passes forward from the supports over a roll from which it
may fall to the floor if desired. The fabric may be passed between the said roll and
its companion roll to the cloth roll and he wound upon the latter at intervals by hand
if desired.
The fabric produced by the loom which has been described is a continuous fabric
having the warp and weft threads thereof both extending diagonally across the width
thereof from side to side, and at right angles, or approximately such, to each other,
and has perfect selvedges at both sides thereof.

page_text: Improvements in Woven Fabrics, and in Looms for Weaving the
same.
I, BENJAMIN ARNOLD, of East Greenwich, Rhode Island, United States of America,
Solicitor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
It is the aim of my invention to produce a fabric of a width and character which
shall particularly fit the same for use in making hose-pipe and bags and for other
special purposes. For some reasons it is deemed desimble that the woven fabrics
employed as wrappings in the manufacture of hose-pipe and fabrics used in making
bags should be made in the form of strips or webs having the warp and weft threads
disposed in lines which extend diagonally across the width thereof.
Heretofore in practice the strips or webs thus employed have been produced by
taking a web of cloth which has been woven in the usual manner, with the weft-
threads thereof extending across the web at right angles to the selvages, and cutting
the web diagonally across into strips, which are joined together at the selvage
portious thereof to form continuous lengths of cloth having the warp and weft threads
disposed diagonally with reference to its sides.
It is any object to obviate the necessity for cutting an ordinary web diagonally
into strips and joining the latter as just described in the manufacture of a fabrio
having the warp and weft threads crossing the same diagonally from side to side
thereof.
My invention consists of an improved woven fabric formed with selvages at the
opposite edges thereof and composed of warp and weft threads which extend
diagonally across the fabric from selvage to selvage thereof and orossing each other
at right angles in like manner as the usual warp and weft threads cross one another
in the ordinary woven fabric.
My invention also consists in a loom of novel construction whereby I am enabled
to weave the fabric aforesaid.
My invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings; in which
Figure 1 is a view in side elevation of a loom embodying my invention:
Figure 2 is a view thereof in sectional plan, the plane of section being indicated
by dotted line 23 in Figures 1 and 13.
Figures 3, 4, and 5 are views in detail of some of the parts which are shown in
Figure 1.
Figure 6 is a view of the loom in plan, the devices for rocking certain of the warp-
supports being omitted.
Figures 7, 8, 9, and 10 are detail views intended to illustrate the constraction and
operation of the devices by means of which the sheds are produced in the loops of
the warp thread.
Figure 11 shows a portion of the fabric embodying my invention.
Figure 12 is a view representing the application of the said fabric as a wrapping
or covering for a hose-pipe.
Figure 13 is a detail view, partly in section, intended to illustrate the reed and its
actuating devices.
Figure 14 is a detail view ilustrating the devices by which the warp-thread is
applied to the two travelling series of warp-supporting devices.

page_text: Figures 10 and 16 are detail views, in side elevation and plan, respectively, showing
the devices for effecting the onward movement of one of the series of warp-supporting
devices.
Figure 17 is a detail view in perspective, illustrating one of the devices whereby
the loops formed in the warp-thread are supported at one side of the loom and moved
for the formation of sheds.
Figure 18 is a detail view, partly in section, illustrating a portion of the devices
whereby the weft-carrier is operated.
Figure 19 is a diagrain intended to illustrate the mode of operation of the reed-
actuating devices.
The loom-frame is shown at A, and to the same are applied brackets J J, serving
for the support of the axes of the rollers BB b¹ b. The rollers lettered B B are placed
at one side of the loom, and around the same passes an endless carrier-belt D, while
those lettered b¹ are placed at the other side thereof, and around the same passes an
endless carrier-belt D¹. (See Figure 15). Each carrier-belt is provided with a series
of points or equivalent loop-supports, these being lettered g gl in Figure 6, and upon
the two series of points or supports g g' is looped a continuous warp-thread 8, coming
from a bobbin & or other convenient source of supply, the successive loops of the said
warp-thread extending side by side and close together across from the points or
supports on the belt D to the points or supports on the belt D. The loops are held
by those points or supports which are on the upper portions of the belts, and they
move therewith in the direction indicated by the arrow in Figure 6, the belts being
given a step-by-step or intermittent forward movement by devices which will
hereinafter be described. As shown in Figure 6, the belt Ď¹ is shorter than the
belt D, and while the left-band ends of the said belts are in line with each other the
right-hand end of the belt 1) extends farther to the right than the corresponding end
of the belt D'. In consequence of this and of the fact that the loops of the warp-
thread are applied to the points g g' as the latter pass upward around the rollers B b¹
at the right-hand side in Figure 6 it follows that the loops of the warp-thread
extending from the points g' to the points have the diagonal position in the loom
which is represented in Figure 6.
In order to loop the warp-thread automatically upon the points or supports g g' as
the said points or supports ascend at the sides of the rollers B b¹, I provide a
reciprocating guide h, which is caused first to pass in proximity to and beyond a point
or support of one series of points or supports and then caused to pass across in
proximity to and beyond one of the points or supports of the other series of points
or supports, this operation being continuously repeated. The thread-guide / moves
adjacent to those portions of belts D D' which are passing upward around the
right-hand rollers 136 in Figure 6. Each time the guide swings out beyond a point
or support of either series it lays the warp-thread above such point or support, and
before it returns inward the belt carrying the said point or support is advanced a
step, so that when the guide returns inward the thread will be conducted below the
said point or support and thereby looped around the same.
In Figure 14 the thread-guide is shown as a lever which is provided at its
upper end with an eye or tube i for the warp-thread to pass through aud is pivoted
at its lower end to a hanger r, the said lever having near its upper end a longitudinal
slot ho, receiving a pin 8, projecting from a block 2, which is mounted to slide upon
a guide-bar 20, the said lever being thereby steadied and directed in its movements.
The lever is provided with means for vibrating the same, which will be described
hereinafter,
It is necessary to form a shed for the reception of the weft-thread in the loops of
warp-thread stretched across from one belt to the other. This may variously, be
effected. A convenient means of effecting the shedding is that which is illustrated
in the dmwings, wherein the opening of successive sheds in the loops of warp-thread
is occasioned by imparting a rocking movement to one set of the supports therefor
first in one direction and theu in the other.

page_text: The points g' upon the carrier-belt D₁ are simply fixed thereto along the inner
edge thereof and stand up at about a right angle to the surface of the belt, while the
points g of the carrier-belt D are each fixed to the inner end of a rod a, which is
mounted to turn in bearings formed in small blocks a a, applied to the outer surface
of the said belt D. (See Figure 17). These points 9 receive and retain the bights
formed in the warp-thread, and the rods a have imparted to them a rocking move-
ment around their axes, whereby the opposite sides of each loop which has been formed
in the warp-thread are alternately presented uppermost, sheds being formed thereby
for the reception of the weft-thread.
For the purpose of communicating the rocking movement to the rods a each rod
is provided with a piur projecting therefrom at right angles to the length of the
rod, and above the belt D in close proximity to that portion thereof which extends
horizontally across from the upper side of one roller B to the upper side of the other
roller B is arranged a bar t, (see Figures 1 and 7,) having on its underside projec-
tions v.
This bar slides in bearings made therefor in the upper parts of the
brackets J, J, by which the rollers B B are supported, and it is reciprocated in the said
bearings by devices which will hereinafter be described. When the said rod is
reciprocated, the projections engage with the pins on the rods a and turn the
points g first to one side and then to the other. The upper portion of the belt D,
between the rollers B B, passes over a table c¹ and is supported thereby, so as to
sustain the pins in position to be acted upon by the projections v, carried by the
bar t.
In order to insure that the points g shall project at the proper angle to receive the
loops of warp-thread as the said points pass upward around the right-hand rollers B,
I provide the outer end of each rod a with a cross-bar o', standing at right angles to
the points g and pins carried by the said rod, and adjacent to the said rollors B, I
place a curved guide o², Figure 3, having a pointed or tapering leading end, the
cross-bars o¹ bearing against the outer surface of the said curved guide as they are
carried past the same, and the rods being thereby turned into correct position and
there held until after the loops have been applied thereto. The said supporting-
points g are shaped as shown in the drawings, they being flat and tapering gradually
and being of sufficient breadth to separate or open the loops of the warp-thread some-
what, in order to permit of the introduction of a weft-carrier between them, the loops
being presented in proper position for the passage of the weft-thread between thein
when the points are turned to the one side or the other.
In Figure 7 I have shown the points g turned to the left, and in Figure 9 I have
shown the manner by which the weft-carrier c passes through the loops ou the said
points when the latter are thus turned.
In Figure 8 I have shown the points g turned to the right, and in Figure 10 I
have shown the weft-carrier c passed through the loops on the said points when the
latter are thus turned.
The weft-thread may be inserted in various ways, and if desired a shuttle may be
employed. I find it convenient to use as a weft-carrier or insertor a needle or rod c
inasmuch as the same can be unade slender in order to permit of it being inserted
into a comparatively narrow shed and inasmuch as it permits of the use of a welt-
thread of great length coming from a stationary bobbin or other convenient outside
source of supply. The weft-thread q which is introduced by the aid of the needle c
is taken from a bobbin g or other couvenient source of supply and passes through an
eye g at the forward end of the needle. I find it advisable to cause the needle c in
introducing a length of weft-thread to move in a line parallel with the series of
points carrying the loops of the warp-thread, inasmuch as the said loops are most
widely spread close to the points and the needle can there enter without obstruction.
I also find it advisable to cause the needle in withdrawing from the shed to swing
outward from the series of points g in order that a comb or series of wires constituting
a reed may be caused to rise up back of the loop or weft-thread which has just been
introduced and may act to comb or beat up the said loop to the cloth-making line.
The said needle therefore is pivoted at the outer end thereof by a pin n to a block 1,

page_text: which slides freely within a tube k, extending parallel with the series of points y.
The said rear end of the needle c has an arm o projecting laterally therefrom and
extending out through a slot in the side of the tube k. The reduced outer end
of this arin o passes through a slot m', formed in the upper end of a lever m, Figure 1
which is pivoted at its lower end to the loom-frame, and the said lever m is vibrated
by means which will be described hereinafter. In consequence of pivoting the needle
at its outer end to the block and causing the lever m to act upon the arm o at one
Bide of the pivot the needle is swung on the said pivot at each change in the direction
of the movement of the lever m. When the said lever m begins to move in the*
direction of the arrow in Figure 6, or inward, after having completed its outward
movement, the free end of the needle first is caused to assume a position which
places the needle in a line parallel with the series of points g, and then the needle
and block are caused to move endwise along the tube k. As the needle is thrust
inward it moves in a line parallel with the series of points g and as close to the said
series of points as is practicable, in order that it may pass between the separate
portions of the loops in the warp-thread as nearly, as may be where the mid portions
are most widely separated. When the needle is at the end of its inward movement,
or movement in the direction of the arrow in Figure 6, and the lever m begins to
move in the reverse direction, the first effect is to turn the needle on its pivot n,
throwing the free end or point of the needle around in an are of a circle and away
from the series of points g sufficiently far to provide for the entrance of the dents
or wires u¹ of a reed or comb w among the portions of the warp-thread which extend
from the points g to the points g¹ and back behind the portions of weft-thread which
has been introduced by the described action of the needle, after which the needle is
drawn out from among the loops of the weft-thread in consequence of the movement
of block longitudinally of the tube k.
As a result of introducing the weft-thread by means of the needle c the
weft-thread will lie doubled upon itself or in loop form in each crossing in the
portions of the warp-thread which extend from the points g to the points g¹. In
order to cusure the proper formation of the loops in the weft-thread and prevent the
said loops from being withdrawn as the needle is being drawn out of the shed and
Blso for the purpose of forming a good selvage at that side of the fabric on which the
said free ends of the loops terminate, I employ a selvage-needle a³. This needle is
formed like an ordinary latch knitting needle and by preference is caused to
reciprocate in a line parallel with the series of points g and in line with the needle c.
It is caused to enter the shed from the front opposite to the weft-carrier needle o and
is operated in such manner, that as the needle c is nearing the end of its inward
movement the said selvage-needle a³ shall advance a short distance within the shed
to meet the needle c. Then, after having caught the loop of weft-thread introduced
by the needle c, it shall withdraw from the shed with the said loop, and afterward,
after having advanced in like manner into the succeeding shed and engaged the next
loop of weft-thread and withdrawn, the first loop engaged thereby shall become
interchained with the second loop, and so ou, thereby forming a close chain-loop or
knitted selvage, which may be made in like manner on the other edge of the fabric
by using a similar latch-needle with like motions. The needle a² is long and
Blender, so as to permit it to pass readily into the shed, which on the side thereof
adjacent to the said needle is very much contracted, and the said needle or the stem
carrying the same slides through a block a", which is mounted on the frame A,
Figure 1 it being operated by means of a lever v³, which is pivoted near its middle
to the side of the loom and is connected with the needle a³, at its upper end, and the
lower end of the lever is connected by a rod to the rod 8', that receives a reciprocating
motion from the lever m, that operates the weft needle &. Each loop of weft-thread, after
the withdrawal of the needle c from the shed, is beaten up to the cloth-making line.
by means of a comb or reed w, composed of a series of teeth or wires u¹, applied to a
bar or backing-strip w. In order that this reed or comb may beat up the successive
loops of weft-threads into a position which causes them to cross at right angles the
loops of warp-threads, one end of the reed or comb is pivoted to the frame A at a

page_text: point adjacent to the left-hand end of the belt D in Figure 6, and the said reed or
comb is so arranged and operated that when the free end thereof is carried forward
into its most advanced position in the loom the said reed crosses the loops of
warp-thread on a line at right angles thereto.
The reed is operated by means of devices which will be described hereinafter, and
which impart to the free end thereof a movement in approximately a circular path,
whereby the teeth of the reed are caused to pass upward among the loops of warp-
thread stretched across from the points g to the points g' behind the last-introduced
toop of weft-thread, then moved forward to carry the said loop of weft-thread to the
cloth-making line, and then withdrawn from among the loops of warp-thread and
reinserted behind the next loop of weft-thread, and so on. The onward movement of
the belts D D' feeds along the cloth as fast as it is woven. In order to strip the
loops of warp-thread from the points or supports g', an inclined plate t², Figure 15,
is applied to the loom-frame adjacent to the left-hand roller b'. The points g, while
supported by the projections v on the bar t, are maintained in proper position to hold
the loops of warp-thread thereon, but when they are carried downward in the move-
ment of the belt D around the left-hand roller B they pass beyond the control of the
projections and are left free to turn up, so as to draw out of the loops.
The foregoing parts constitute the characteristic features of my improved loom.
The mechanism for actuating the parts which have so far been mentioned herein will
now be described. The driving-shaft of the machine is shown at 6, and e³, Figures 1
and 2, is a band-pulley thereon which is intended to have a driving-band passed
around the same. A gear-wheel h³, fast upon the said shaft 6, meshes with a gear-
wheel g, turning on a stud fixed to the loom-frame, the said gear-wheel carrying a
crank 2, that is connected by a link or connecting-rod y with lever m, by which the
weft-inserting needle or carrier c is actuated. The said lever m is utilized in the
actuation of the endless carrier-belts D D' and also of the bar t, by which the points g
are rocked, and of the selvage-needle a³. The roller B shown at the right-
hand side in Fig. 1 and the left-hand roller b¹ shown in Figure 15 are formed on the
outer faces thereof with the matchet-teeth b and y², respectively, and with these teeth
engage pawls i and " respectively, which are carried by arms 201 and to, respectively,
these arms being journalled upon the outer ends of the studs on which the said
rollers B and b¹ rotate. The lower end of arm 201 is pivotally connected to a rod t¹,
which at one end thereof is pivotally connected with one end of a lever h¹, that is
pivoted at p on the loom-frame at the left-hand end thereof in Figure 1. (See also
Figures 15 and 16). The opposite end of lever h¹ is connected by the link with
the lower end of arm ". The right-hand end of rod in Figure 1 has a slot t10
extending longitudinally thereof, and in the slot plays a pin t, projecting from the
side of lever m. By these devices the endless carrier-belts D D' alternately are given
the necessary intermittent advancing movement.
The bar is connected by a rod with the upper end of a lever n¹, which is
pivoted upon the left-hand bracket J, the lower end of the said lever being in
operative connection with a crank-pin on the back of the disc a¹, which is mounted
on a pivot on the loom-frame. From the outer face of this disc project two pins e' e',
Figure 4, these pins being placed on opposite sides of the centre of the disc.
Between these pins extends the left-hand end of a rod 8, which at its right-hand
end has a slot 816, in which plays a pin 815, projecting from the side of lever m,
Figure 1. The left-hand end of rod s is formed with a double hook d, fitted to
engage with the pins e e', and the said end also is formed adjacent to the said hooks
with guard projections on the opposite edges of the rod. A spring +1 bears against
the side of rod 8¹ with considerable friction. The left-hand end of rod &¹ is connected
by a rod with the lower end of a lever, which is pivoted upon the loom-frame
and has the upper end thereof connected with the left-hand end of the selvage-
needle a. By these devices the selvage-needle is given the necessary endwise
movement, and the bar is reciprocated for the purpose of rocking the points g, the 5
disc a' being turned first in one direction and then in the other, for the purpose

page_text: of occasioning this rocking movement, by the engagement of the double hook d¹ with
the opposite pins el el alternately.
The manner in which the double hook is caused to engage with the pins e¹ el
alternately will be understood from Figures 4 and 5 of the drawings. The parts
being as shown in Figure 4, with the rod s' at the extreme point of its movement to
the left, the upper member of the double hook d' will be held in position to engage
with the upper pin e' as the rod s' moves to the right, the said double hook being
raised in consequence of the lower guard projection f resting upon the lower pin e¹
and being prevented from falling after the projection passes from pin et by the
spring. After rod s has moved to the right and returned the parts will stand in the
positions in which they are represented in Figure 5, with the upper guard projection
bearing against the upper pin e¹ and the lower member of the double hook d' in
engagement with the lower pin e', in readiness to turn the diso at the movement
of rod 8' to the right in the opposite direction to that in which the said disc was
moved when the parts were in the positions occupied in Figure 4. The friction
occasioned by the bearing of spring against the side of rod s¹ holds the rod &
in the position shown in Figure 4, or in that shown in Figure 5, until it is moved
from either one of such positions into the other by the contact of one of the guard
projections with one of the pins el. A bevel-pinion d", Figure 2, on the inner
end of shaft 6 engages a bevel gear-wheel d on a shaft 3, mounted in bearings on the
loom-frame at an angle to the shaft 6, the said shaft, being, provided with a crank j,.
connected by a rod 1 with the lever h. Thereby the said lever is vibrated to lay
the warp-thread around the points g, g¹.
The free ond of the reed-bar or backing wis pivotally connected with the upper
end of a rod ', which is fitted to slide vertically through a hole in a bracket o¹, fixed
to the loom-frame, and to swing laterally on its bearings in the said hole. The lower
end of rod te is connected to a crank-pin y' carried by a bevel gear-wheel m¹, Figure 19
which is mounted to turn loosely on the inner end of shaft and is driven by a bevel
gear-wheel, fixed on the driving-shaft b. In consequence of the reed being
pivoted to the loom-frame at one end and of the rod w¹ having a bearing and driving
connections such as described the free end of the reed is caused to travel in the
circular path which is represented in Figure 19.
The belts D D are advanced alternately, as described, in order that the looping of
the warp-thread about the supports or points on the said belts alternately may
properly be effected. Thus when the warp-guide h swings outward by the belt D,
laying the warp-thread over a support thereon, the said belt is advanced one step, so
that when the guide returns the warp-thread shall pass underneath the said support
and be looped around the same, and as the guide continues to swing across after it
reaches belt D and lays the warp-thread over a support thereon this latter belt is
advanced a step, so as to provide for the looping of the warp-thread around this
support in the return of the guide. The turning of the loops.of warp-thread first in
one way and then in the other takes place when the needle is withdrawn from the
shed, and so does the feeding of belt D, but the feeding of belt D¹ takes place when
the heedle is within the shed. The feeding forward of the fabric as fast as woven is
effected by the advance of the belts D D¹, and the cloth as delivered from the
supports on the said belts passes forward from the supports over the roll d³, from which
it may fall to the floor, if desired. The fabric may be passed between the roll and
its companion roll to the cloth roll d² and be wound upon the latter at intervals
by hand, if desired.
The fabric e produced by the loom which has been described is a continuous fabric
having the warp and weft threads thereof both extending diagonally across the width
thereof from side to side and at right angles, or approximately such, to cach other,
and has perfect selvages at both sides thereof. A portion of fabric having a selvage
at one edge only is shown in Fig. 11. Selvages do not exist in the fabric made by
cutting a web diagonally into strips and uniting such strips end to end, as hereinbefore
described, and as is old in the art. When the fabric is wound spirally around the
inner portion or core of a hose-pipe in the manner represented in Figure 12, the selvage

page_text: edges thereof are fitted closely together and one set of loops extends oircumferentially
around the said core, while the other set extends in the direction of the length
thereof, which brings both the radial and longitudinal strain in line with the threads
and prevents all stretching out of shape from the pressure on the hose.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. A continuous woven web or fabric having a set of warp-threads always parallel
to themselves and a set of weft-threads always parallel to themselves, each of which
sets extend from side to side and back diagonally across the web substantially as and
for the purpose described.
2. A continuous woven web or fabric having selvages on both edges thereof, and
having a set of warp-threads and a set of weft-threads each of which sets extends from
side to side and back diagonally across the web, crossing each other at or approxi-
mately at right angles substantially as and for the purpose described.
3. A continuous woven web or fabric having the warp and weft threads thereof in
the form of loops extending in opposite directions diagonally across the same from
edge to edge and crossing each other at or approximately at right angles, and
having the ends of the loops of weft-thread enchained at one edge to form a selvage
substantially as described.
4. The combination with two travelling series of warp holders or supports adapted
to have a warp-thread looped diagonally across from one series to the other, and
means for causing the same to travel forward, of devices for forming sheds for the
reception of weft in the loops extending across between the two series, substantially
as described.
5. The combination with two travelling series of warp holders or supports adapted
to have a warp-thread looped diagonally from one series to the other means for causing
the same to travel forward, and devices for forming sheds for the reception of weft
in the loops extending across between the two series of devices for inserting weft into
the sheds as formed, a diagonally placed reed, and means for actuating the same,
substantially as described.
6. The combination with two travelling series of warp holders or supports adapted
to have a warp-thread looped diagonally across from one series to the other, means for
causing the same to travel forward, devices for looping a warp-thread thereon, and
devices for forming sheds for the reception of weft in the loops of warp-thread
extending across between the two series, of devices for inserting weft into the sheds
as formed, a diagonally-placed reed, and devices for actuating the same, substantially
as described.