IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT AND WORKING OF APPARATUS FOR DRYING AND BURNING BRICKS OR OTHER PLASTIC FORMS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Dickenson Marshall, of Gainsborough, in the
County of Lincoln, Engineer, and James Lister, of Gainsborough aforesaid,
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT AND
WORKING OF APPARATUS FOR DRYING AND BURNING BRICKS OR OTHER
PLASTIC FORMS."
Sealed the 6th September 1878, and dated the 6th June 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Dickenson Marshall
and James Lister at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th June
1878,
HENRY DICKENSON MARSHALL, of Gainsborough, in the County of Lincoln,
Engineer, and JAMES LISTER, of Gainsborough aforesaid, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE ARRANGEMENT AND WORKING OF APPARATUS FOR DRYING AND BURNING
BRICKS OR OTHER PLASTIC FORMS."
In the process of making bricks where the burning is effected in a tunnel or kiln
on trucks or travelling platforms, such trucks should be fully charged with green
bricks or forms before entering the tunnel or kiln. To enable this to be done the
green bricks must be of such consistency or hardness as to admit of their being
stacked on the truck to the requisite height without damage to the lower green
bricks from the superincumbent weight. With green bricks made by the "dry'
process, in which the clay is treated in its natural state and subjected to great
pressure, this may be done, but green bricks produced by the "slop," "plastic," or
semi-plastic" processes require preliminary drying.
44
"
Now, the object of our Invention is to enable such green bricks (or other plastic
forms) to be properly placed in the burning tunnel or kiln without any handling
intermediate between the drying and burning processes, thereby effecting a large
saving in cost of production. For this purpose, at a convenient point (or points)
upon the line of communication to the tunnel, or kiln, or burning chamber (which
may be of known construction) we arrange a close drying chamber or chambers
Price Ed

page_text: (the number depending on circumstances) of suitable capacity and construction to
admit and enclose a kiln truck or trucks partially loaded with green bricks, and by
heat from the kiln or other source to dry the same to a consistency which will
allow of a further layer (or layers) of green bricks being superimposed in readiness
to be passed either directly to the tunnel, kiln, or burning chamber, or into & second
drying chamber, if not already of sufficient height to be passed direct into the
tunnel, kiln, or burning chamber.
The waste gases from the tunnel, kiln, or burning chamber may be caused to
pass through the drying chamber by intercepting a portion or the whole of such
waste gases on their passage from the tunnel, kiln, or burning chamber to the
chimney by dampers in the flues, and directing the same by flues through the
drying chamber, whence they may issue by other flues again into the main flue,
and be caused to pass in a similar manner through other drying chambers or direct
into the chimney, as the case may be; but we do not confine ourselves to this pre-
cise manner of directing the waste gases through the drying chamber or chambers,
as this may be varied to suit the local circumstances of the case.
As is obvious the details of construction may be varied to suit circumstances
without departure from the essential characteristics of our Invention. Thus the
drying chambers may be detached structures, or their side walls may be continua-
tions of the walls of the tunnel, or kiln, or burning chamber, such walls extending
the length of the drying chamber or chambers and intervening or loading spaces,
and being formed between the tunnel, kiln, or burning chamber, and the nearest
drying chamber, as also between each two drying chambers, with suitable openings
giving access to the trucks for placing green bricks or forms thereon.
The roof may be a suitable height over the drying chambers to suit the trucks
with their appropriate loads, and over the intervening or loading spaces of sufficient
height to admit of the additional layers of bricks or forms being conveniently
stacked on the trucks.
The drying chambers may also be of suitable dimensions, each to contain one,
two, or more trucks.
By our process we commence by stacking the truck with green bricks to such a
height thereon as their consistency on leaving the mould will allow. We then pass
the truck thus partially loaded into the first drying chamber, and dry the green
bricks or forms thereon sufficiently to allow of a further layer or layers of green
bricks being placed thereon. The truck is then passed forward out of this drying
chamber, additional green bricks are loaded upon it, and the truck is passed into a
second drying chamber, which may be of similar construction to the first, and
wherein a similar process is repeated, and so on through the entire series of drying
chambers until the truck is fully loaded for entering the tunnel or kiln.
Where the green bricks are of such consistency as to admit of their being piled
to half the height of the burning chamber of the kiln, obviously, only one drying
chamber will be required, but where the green bricks are softer the number of
drying chambers must be increased accordingly.
It will be evident our Invention may be used for treating other plastic forms
requiring drying preparatory to burning.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Dickenson Marshall and James Lister in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 4th December 1878.
HENRY DICKENSON MARSHALL, of Gainsborough, in the County of Lincoln,
Engineer, and JAMES LISTER, of Gainsborough aforesaid, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE ARRANGEMENT AND WORKING OF APPARATUS FOR DRYING AND BURNING
BRICKS OR OTHER PLASTIC FORMS."
In the process of making bricks where the burning is effected in a tunnel or
kiln on trucks or travelling platformes, such trucks should be fully charged with
green bricks or forms before entering the tunnel or kiln. To enable this to be done
the green bricks must be of such consistency or hardness as to admit of their being
stacked on the truck to the requisite height without damage to the lower green
bricks from the superincumbent weight. With green bricks made by the "dry
process in which the clay is treated in its natural state, and subjected to great
pressure, this may be done, but green bricks produced by the "slop," plastic," or
semi-plastic" processes require preliminary drying.
"
>> <<
"
Now, the object of our Invention is to enable such green bricks (or other plastic
forms) to be properly placed in the burning tunnel or kiln without any handling
intermediate between the drying and burning processes, thereby effecting a saving
in cost of production. For this purpose, at convenient points upon the line of com-
munication to the tunnel, or kiln, or burning chamber (which may be of known
construction) we arrange close drying chambers (the number depending on circum-
stances) of suitable capacity and construction, the first to admit and enclose a kiln,
truck, or trucks, partially loaded with green bricks, and by heat from the kiln or
other source to dry the same to a consistency which will allow of a further layer
(or layers) of green bricks being superimposed in readiness to be passed into a
second drying chamber, and so on til the load of dried bricks on the truck is of
sufficient height to be passed direct into the tunnel, kiln, or burning chamber.
The waste gases from the tunnel, kiln, or burning chamber may be caused to pass
through the drying chamber next to the tunnel, kiln, or burning chamber by inter-
cepting a portion, or the whole, of such waste gases on their passage from the
tunnel, kiln, or burning chamber to the chimney by dampers in the flues, and
directing the same by flues through the said drying chamber, whence they may
issue by other flues again into the main flue, and be caused to pass in a similar
manner through other drying chambers or direct into the chimney, as the case may
be; but we do not confine ourselves to this precise manner of directing the waste
gases through the drying chamber or chambers, as this may be varied to suit the
local circumstances of the case.
As is obvious the details of construction may be varied to suit circumstances
without departure from the essential characteristics of our Invention. Thus the.
drying chambers may be of suitable dimensions, each to contain either only one
truck or to contain two or more trucks.
The loading spaces and chambers should be covered with a roof (not shewn in tho
Drawings) to protect the contents of the trucks and the tops of the chambera
from the weather.
By our process we commence by stacking the truck with green bricks to such a
height thereon as their consistency on leaving the mould will allow. We then pass
the truck thus partially loaded into the first drying chamber, and dry the green
bricks or forms thereon sufficiently to allow of a further layer or layers of green
bricks being placed thereon. The truck is then passed forward out of this drying
chamber, additional green bricks are loaded upon it, and the truck is passed into a
second drying chamber, which may be of similar construction to the first, and

page_text: wherein a similar process is repeated, and so on through the entire series of drying
chambers, until the truck is fully loaded for entering the tunnel or kiln.
Where the green bricks are of such consistency as to admit of their being piled
to half the height of the burning chamber of the kiln, obviously only two or even
one drying chamber will be required, but where the green bricks are softer the
number of drying chambers must be increased accordingly.
With very soft bricks it will be advisable not to superimpose a fresh layer
between the last drying chamber (i.e., that next to the tunnel or kiln) and the
tunnel or kiln; but the intervening space between the last drying chamber and the
tunnel or kiln will serve to prevent excessive heating of the drying. chamber
next the tunnel or kiln which might otherwise result.
It will be evident our Invention may be used for treating other plastic forms
requiring drying preparatory to burning.
Our Invention is illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
Fig. 1 being a general plan partly in section; Fig. 2, a longitudinal view, partly
in vertical section; Fig. 3, a cross section in the line p, q, of Fig. 1; Fig. 4, a cross
section in the line n, o, of Fig. 1; and Fig. 5, a cross section in the line l, m, of
Fig. 1.
A is part of a burning tunnel or kiln; C is the main flue, it communicates by
flues with a tunnel or kiln A, and passes under the drying chambers B³, B2, B₁,
which are provided with doors L; suspended to chains or wire ropes passing
over pulleys, and provided with counterbalance weights (or the doors may be
hung on binges). The flue C returns to the chimney D, as shewn in Fig. 1;
C is a branch from the main flue to the chimney; C³, C³, are branch flues, by
which the main flue communicates with the drying chambers. The trucks are
marked X.
Referring to Fig. 2, at E is shewn a truck which has received a first course
or layer of green bricks preparatory to entering the drying chamber B', wherein it
is represented at F; at G is shewn a truck, on which a second course or layer of
green bricks has been superposed on the bricks partially dried in the drying
chamber B¹. The truck, loaded, as at G, is ready to be passed into the drying
chamber B2, as shewn at H. At I is shewn a truck, on which a third course or
layer of green bricks has been superposed preparatory to entering the drying
chamber Bs, as shewn at J. At K is represented a truck completely loaded with
dried bricks ready to be passed into the burning tunnel or kiln A.
In working, first, all the dampers should be closed; then, if only one drying
chamber is required to be used, the damper 2, in the main flue C, and the four
dampers 6,6,7,7, in the branch flues C³ of the drying chamber B³ should be
opened, and the damper 3 closed.
When two drying chambers are required to be used damper 2 should be closed,
and dampers 3, 5, and 5ª, in the main flue opened; also dampers 6,6, 7,7, 8,8, and
9,9, in the branch flues.
When three drying chambers are to be used, dampers 3 and 5s in the main flue,
and dampers 6,6, 7,7,8,8, 9,9, 10,10, and 11,11, in the branch flues should be
opened, and dampers 1, 2, 4, 5, in the main flue closed.
When none of the drying chambers are in use all the dampers, except 1 and 2,
should be closed.
The course of the heatel gases will be readily understood on reference to the
Drawings. It will be seen they pass through the drying chamber or chambers, for
the time being open to the tunnel or kiln.
Having described the nature of our said Invention, and explained the manner of
carrying it into practical effect, we would remark that we do not limit ourselves to
the use in carrying out our Invention of the precise form of kiln, of which a part
is shewn in our Drawings, nor do we claim such construction of kiln as being
new or as of our Invention; nor do we claim the use of a drying chamber or
of trucks separately and apart from the general arrangement and mode of working

page_text: according to our Invention, as herein-before set forth; but what we do consider to be
novel and original, and therefore claim as secured to us under the Letters Patent
herein-before in part recited, is the arranging and working apparatus for drying
and burning bricks or other plastic forms, substantially as herein-before described,
and illustrated by our Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Dickenson Marshall, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Third day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
HENRY DICKENSON MARSHALL." (L.S.)