Improvements in Wheels which are applicable to Cycles and other Vehicles, and in the Manufacture of the same.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Jan., 1892-Accepted, 27th Feb., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Wheels which are applicable to Cycles and other
Vehicles, and in the Manufacture of the same.
I EDWARD MUSHING of 2 Barrs Hill Terrace Coventry in the County of
Warwick Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:―
My invention has for its object improvements in wheels which are applicable to
cycles and other vehicles and in the manufacture of the same such for instance as
bath chairs perambulators cabs &c. My invention has particular reference to the
tyre or tread of the wheel and to the rim or felloe which sustains and holds the
tyre in its position and is intended in a great measure to meet and overcome
the weakness of what are known as "cushion tyres." The experience hitherto of
such cushion tyres" has been most unsatisfactory probably in a great measure
of account of the difficulty in manufacturing them with any practical degree of
accuracy or truth that is to say in the relation of the inner to the outer diameters.
It has thus been found in practice that the hole in the tyre may run a distance
nearer one side than the other or nearer to the top than the bottom or the bottom
to the top & in the same tyre may change its position a number of times so as to
make it a matter of the greatest uncertainty what the capabilities of resistance or.
life of the tyre would be. The result of this has been that where the thin sides or
walls of the tyre are formed above or about the edges of the rim or felloe and which
should be the strong part the tyre has not been able to sustain the pressure and
has collapsed and split.
In order that my invention may be clearly understood & more easily carried into
practical effect I have appended hereunto a sheet of drawings upon which I have
illustrated two examples of my invention and which will serve to enable others to
adopt it to other circumstances.
The particular examples shewn are drawn to such scale & proportions as to be
suitable for an ordinary bicycle but I do not confine myself to the sizes shewn.
Figure 2., is a cross section through the tyre & rim of the wheel.
Figure 1., is a broken off elevation of a portion of the wheel but it must be
understood that I do not confine myself to the spokes shewn or the manner of
constructing any portion safe the rim and tyre as other modes of constructing the
body of the wheel may be used.
Figures 3 & 4., show a modification of the tyre shewn by Figure 2 and enables
me to carry my principle still further as will be hereafter more fully explained.
In carrying out my invention 1 construct the tyre A as seen at Figures 1 & 2 in
a mould so that the part a' is quite open at the bottom of the tyre which enables
the workmen in making the tyre to clearly examine the section so as to be
absolutely certain that there are no material irregularities & that the walls are of
a uniform thickness in the same, and uncertainty in that respect is avoided. This
remark will equally apply to Figures 3 & 4. The imaginary line C-D shewn
on Figures 2 & 4 indicates about the position called upon to sustain the greatest
strain when the tyre is under compression as in ordinary use & it will therefore be
noticed that by my invention I am enabled to make certain that the material
whether rubber or other material shall be concentrated at that part. The severe
compressive strains are more or less absorbed before reaching the lower portions
thereof that is to say the parts nearest the rim B and I therefore lessen the amount
of rubber at that part to an absolute edge at a³ and this edge I utilize to more
effectively lay hold of the rim B in the grooves or hollows and by the addition
of cement around the wings and in the 6 is made still more effective. I do not

page_text: confine myself to either a straight line or an inward or outer curve for a³ nor to the
amount of the curve.
The peculiar shape of my rim B with the rims b', ', and hollows 6, and arch or
projection offers great advantages in combination with my tyre as the arch or
projection prevents the tendancy of the lower portions a³ of the tyre to move
inwards from the sides of the rim as would be the case in the ordinary hollow tyre.
Of course it is possible to put a projection either curved or flat in the ordinary
hollow such as shewn by Figure 5 which would be the equivalent of 61 in Figure 2
and would enable the old rims to be used but I prefer the tyre in one piece of
metal as shewn by Figures 1 & 2. I may of course carry higher or alter its
shape to run close to the inside of the tyre when desired.
To counteract the tendancy of tyre to move inwards at the parts a³ when under
such pressure as is experienced in running upon the road I may mould the tyre in
such like open or semi-open form as shewn by Figure 3 so that the parts are
squeezed inwards and placed in an open rin such as shewn by Figure 6 the tendancy
to close would be counteracted by its own normal tendancy to open due to the
inward squeezing before mentioned. Besides this in manufacturing the tyres thus
I am enabled to so modify the shape as to produce a greater section of material
at a² and to reduce the substance at at when I desire to do so.
By these means I am enabled to obtain uniformity of section & a greater amount
of resistance with the smallest amount of material whether rubber or other
material, & I also obtain a rim remarkably stiff in every direction by the particular
section employed with much less metal than when of the ordinary shape.
Having now particularly described & ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1st. The improvements in wheels which are applicable to cycles, and other
vehicles and in the manufacture of the same so as to obtain uniformity of section
and greater resisting power with much less material in both rim and tyre sub-
stantially as herein set forth and such as shewn upon the drawings.
2nd. In the tyres for wheels the formation of the same in the process of
manufacture as shewn by A. Figure 2 for use in combination with such a rim as B
Figures 1 and 2 and substantially as herein set forth.
3rd. In the tyres for wheels the formation of the same in the process of
manufacture as shewn by Figure 3 and for use in such like form as shewn by
Figure 4 in combination with either such like rini as shewn by Figure 2 or such
like rim as Figures 5 or 6 and substantially as herein set forth.
Dated this 20th day of January 1892.
GEORGE BARKER,
77, Colmore Row, Birmingham, Agent.