matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHROMATE OF POTASH, CHROMATE OF SODA, AND OTHER SALTS OF CHROME AND SODA AND POTASH
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Thornthwaite at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 14th December 1863.
I, WILLIAM HENRY THORNTHWAITE, of Newgate Street, in the City of
London, Analytical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHROMATE OF POTASH,
CHROMATE OF SODA, AND OTHER SALTS OF CHROME AND SODA AND POTASH," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of certain improvements in the manufacture of
chromate of potash, chromate of soda, and other salts of chrome, and soda,
and potash.
For the manufacture of chromate of potash or soda or other salts of chrome,
I employ a preparation by roasting the ore of chromium with lime or chalk,
felspar and fluor spar or cryolite.
For the manufacture of potash or soda I roast felspar with a mixture of
chalk or lime and cryolite.
After the roasting process the salts are to be separated by lixiviation,
according to the well-known methods.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO RAILWAY CARRIAGES TO MITIGATE OR LESSEN THE EFFECTS OF COLLISIONS TO PASSENGERS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Samuel at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th April
1863.
I, WALTER SAMUEL, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Watch
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO RAILWAY CARRIAGES TO MITIGATE OR LESSEN
THE EFFECTS OF COLLISIONS TO PASSENGERS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to reduce the danger to life and limb from
collisions on railways to a minimum, and the improvements which I have made
consist, firstly, in constructing carriages with a larger number of transverse
partitions therein than there are in those at present in use, and between such
partitions placing across the carriages one row of seats only, so that passengers
shall not sit opposite to each other and there shall not be danger from ono
person being thrown against another at the instant of collision; secondly, in
placing around railway carriages, of whatever construction, at or about the
height of a man's shoulder when he is sitting on the seats of such carriages,
and for a short distance above and below such height, air cushions made of
india-rubber or other flexible material assisted by metal or other springs, or
by padding or stuffing of any description. These cushions may be secured by
through pins or bolts, or they may have eyelets formed thereon to pass over
hooks secured to the carriages, and they are secured or attached at the fol-
lowing parts, viz., the backs of the seats, the sides of the carriages, the doors,

page_text: the fronts of the seats, and the partitions. When the carriages are constructed
according to the first part of my Invention it is recommended that the passen-
gers should travel with their faces toward the engine, and that the air cushions
should almost cover the surface of the partition or be the partitions them-
selves, so that when collision takes place the passengers shall fall against the
cushions, and in many cases suffer little or no injury compared with the
concussions consequent on railway collisions in carriages of the present
construction.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF BLUE AND OF VIOLET COLOURING MATTER
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th August 1868.-A communication from abroad by Meister Lucius
and Company, of Hoechst-am-Main, in the Duchy of Nassau,
Germany.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare tho
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF BLUE AND
OF VIOLET COLOURING MATTER," to be as follows:-
In manufacturing blue and violet colouring matter according to this Inven-
tion, the basic substanco rosaniline contained in the colouring matter, known
in commerce by the name of aniline red, is prepared by treating it with
caustic soda. The rosaniline obtained by this treatment, after being well
purified through washing with pure water and well dried, is heated to from
884° to 388° Fahrenheit or thereabouts, with equal parts of a combination of
toluidine and benzoic acid.
This combination is produced by dissolving four parts of crystallized
toluidine with three parts benzoic acid in alcohol, and after evaporation of
the alcohol the whole is heated with rosaniline as mentioned above. In pro-
portion to the time given to the reaction different tints are obtained, ranging
from a red violet colour to a pure blue colour. The viscous matter thus pro-
duced is purified (by means of mineral acids more or less diluted) from the
residue of toluidine with benzoic acid, and the decomposed matters which have

page_text: resulted. After being washed and dried the resinous matter is ready for being
used for dyeing or printing. Nearly the same result as that obtained by this
combination of benzoic acid and toluidine may be obtained by using other
salts of toluidine.
MENTS IN GOVERNERS OR APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE SPEED OF STEAM ENGINES OR OTHER ENGINES FOR DRIVING MACHINERY
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Friedrich William Benndorf at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th February 1863.
I, FRIEDRICH WILLIAM BENNDORF, of Chemnitz, in the Kingdom of Saxony,
(Germany,) do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN GOVERNERS OR APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE SPEED OF STEAM ENGINES
OR OTHER ENGINES FOR DRIVING MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in governors or apparatus
for regulating the speed of steam engines or other engines for driving machinery.
For this purpose I employ a vibrating arm or instrument kept in motion by
the steam or other engine, so that the number of vibrations of the arm or instru-
ment corresponds with the number of revolutions of the engine. Together
with this arm or instrument a pendulum is employed; it is of such a .length
as to swing in unison therewith when the engine is running at the speed
required. Whilst the vibrating arm or instrument and the pendulum are in
unison the throttle valve of the engine (or other apparatus serving a similar
purpose) is not acted on, but directly the vibrating arm or instrument gets
either in advance of or behind the pendulum catches, previously held out of
action by the pendulum, are allowed to act, and these cause the vibrating arm
or instrument to drive the rod of the throttle valve or similar apparatus in one
or other direction, according as it is required to make the engine go faster or
slower. I prefer to employ an arm and pendulum mounted on the same centre

page_text: or axis. The arm is connected with the engine so that it swings to and fro once
in each revolution or stroke; the pendulum is of such a length as also to vibrate
once in the time in which a revolution or stroke should be completed. The
arm has two catches or pawls in connection with it, one is under and the other
over the centre; these when free drop into ratchet teeth formed both on the
upper and under side of a sliding piece in connection with the rod of the
throttle valve (or other apparatus), the one when it enters the teeth drives the
sliding piece and rod in one direction and the other in the contrary direction.
In connection with the pendulum are surfaces on which the catches or pawls
ride so long as the arm and pendulum are in unison, and they are so kept out
of the teeth; but when the arm is in advance of or behind the pendulum one
or other of the catches or pawls gets off its surface, descends into the teeth,
and produces its effect, either opening or closing the throttle valve, supposing
this to be the apparatus on which it is employed to act. At each vibration
the pawls or catches are both put up on to their surfaces if they have
descended from them, and the arm and pendulum are started at the same time;
this is done by means of a locking bolt, which for a time holds the arm and
pendulum together, this at a certain point is drawn back and the pendulum
freed, at the end of the revolution or stroke the bolt again takes the pendulum.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE ADAPTED FOR PERFORMING VARIOUS MINING OPERATIONS, SUCH AS WORKING OR CUTTING COAL OR OTHER ANALOGOUS SUBSTANCES IN MINES, FORCING WATER FROM MINES AND AIR THEREUNTO
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ralph Henry Philipson and John
Dees at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 9th November 1863.
We, RALPH HENRY PHILIPSON, Agent, and JOHN DEES, Engineer, both
of Cassop, in the County of Durham, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE ADAPTED FOR PERFORMING VARIOUS
MINING OPERATIONS, SUCH AS WORKING OR CUTTING COAL OR OTHER ANALOGOUS
SUBSTANCES IN MINES, FORCING WATER FROM MINES AND AIR THEREUNTO," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain new mechanical arrangements and com-
binations of parts constituting an improved machine adapted for the above-
mentioned purposes. The following is an example of the construction of said
machine: A suitable framing supports the following parts. A large screw.
works through a screwed nut or block moving in grooves or guides; to this
block a pick or cutter is affixed and worked by bevil wheels, which cause the
aforesaid screw to revolve. The direction of motion is reversed when
necessary by a clutch worked from the main shaft of the machine by excentrics
or other suitable means. The aforesaid bevil wheels receive motion from a.
pinion wheel driven by another wheel and pinion attached to the same shaft ;
this last-mentioned pinion is driven by a wheel running on another shaft, to
which another pinion is attached; this pinion receives its motion from a bevil
wheel on the main shaft of the machine. The machine may be mounted on

page_text: four wheels to run on a tramway; two of said wheels are double-flanged, and
are moved forward by a worm and worm wheel worked by a ratchet con-
nected with an excentric fixed on the main shaft of the machine. A lever is
employed for throwing the wheelwork out of gear for moving the machine
backward when necessary. One or two fly wheels may be fixed on the main 5
shaft aforesaid to assist the working of the machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AUTOMATIC WALKING DOLLS AND FIGURES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Alvin Munn and Jonathan
Darwin Cobb at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 6th January 1863.-A communication from abroad
by John Bently Munn, of Mont Clair, New Jersey, United States.
We, JOSEPH ALVIN MUNN and JONATHAN DARWIN COBB, of No. 8, Gresham
Street, in the City of London, Merchants, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AUTOMATIC WALKING DOLLS AND
FIGURES," a communication from John Bently Munn, of Mont Clair, New
Jersey, United States, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in such a construction and combination of parts,
that the figures stand upright and move forward in a manner resembling that
of a biped or quadruped in walking.
These improvements, though not necessarily confined to this construction,
are especially designed for dolls and other figures with two feet or supports.
The propelling power of these figures is obtained by the use of a spring
acting through gearing upon a horizontal cross shaft near the bottom of the
frame supporting the said gearing. This shaft extends beyond the frame on
both sides, and upon each of its ends two excentrics or cams are fixed. For
giving the required movements to the pedal extremities and firm support to
the figures, two levers are employed upon each side, and are respectively
attached to an excentric by means of a sleeve or ring, which is formed in the
levers, and which fit loosely upon the said excentric. These levers extend
upward from the excentrics, terminating in a slitted end, in which a guide pin

page_text: works, and downward to the bottom of the feet, giving thereto, when the
gearing is put in motion, the desired reciprocating action. One of the levers
upon each side is attached at its lower end to a pivot fixed near the bottom of
the foot. The leg is kept steady by means of a guide pin fixed in the excentric,
which gives the movements to the foot, the said pin working in a guide way
cut in the leg of the figure. The other upon each side extends down inside of
the leg, and operates independently in the foot, it being so arranged that it is
not observed while the figures are moving. The levers on each side have
alternating reciprocating movements, so that when the foot is raised the other
lever supports its respective side of the figure. And the excentric or cams
on one side are so arranged with reference to those upon the other that one
foot is raised while the other is resting on the floor, giving at the same time
firmness to the doll or figure, and the appearance of natural walking.
IMPROVED WROUGHT-IRON SHEETING PILES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Gooch at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th November
1863.
I, ROBERT GOOCH, of 4, Bridge Street, Westminster, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
WROUGHT-IRON SHEETING PILES," to be as follows:-
The object of the present Invention is a wrought-iron sheeting pile so
constructed as to admit of a rapid and easy connection. To effect this I make
use of two sheets of wrought iron of like shape, which I rivet together, one
end of each sheet being bent up at right angles, the other having a hooked
form, so that when the two sheets are rivetted together they will form a dove-
tail joint with the next set, the angle ends of one set fitting into the hooked
ends of the following set, and so on, forming as it were an endless
chain.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WOOD PAVING
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Harton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th February
1863.
I, GEORGE HARTON, of North Road, Highgate, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WOOD
PAVING," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to strengthen the blocks used in wood paving
and to give a good foot-hold for horses.
The nature of my improvements consist in placing a metal ring or hoop
round the wood block, and laying down the same in the ordinary manner in
wood pavements. The ring or hoop would be usually fixed round the upper
end of the block, either by driving it upon a reduced end or upon a shoulder
prepared for that purpose, or the ring or hoop may be fixed on the block by
heating the same and fitting it on while hot. The blocks would be either
square, circular, lozenge shape, hexagonal, or other form usually applied to
wood pavements, and the rings or hoops to be fitted on the same would be of
similar form. The upper and lower edge of the ring or hoop would generally
be level or straight, but I would sometimes indent the same on the upper
edge. The rings or hoops would be usually made of iron or galvanized iron,
but in some cases they would be of copper or brass.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF SHUTTLE DRIVER, AND APPARATUS FOR WORKING THE SAME
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Alfred William Clarke at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th April 1863.
I, THOMAS ALFRED WILLIAM CLARKE, of Leicester, in the County of
Leicester, Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF SHUTTLE DRIVER, AND APPARATUS FOR
WORKING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel arrangement of parts for effecting the
driving of shuttles, the object being to ensure the proper action of the shuttle.
The driver is a sliding rod provided with teeth or projections for taking hold
of the shuttles, and traversing them to and fro through the shed. These tecth
are so situated on the rod that while the ono that engages with the shuttle
for traversing it in one direction is operating, the other is out of action and
clear of tho bearings in which the driver slides; they are brought alternately
into position for working the shuttles by the rocking of the driver in its
bearings. Fitted to the extremity of the driver is a rack which gears into a
pinion operated by a crank arrangement, to be presently described, and by this
means the to-and-fro motion is given to the driver. A pin projecting from
the driver takes into a slot in a fixed plate, and by descending an incline in
that slot transmits the axial motion to the driver.
The crank arrangement for transmitting the traverse motion (through the
pinion above mentioned) to the driver may be thus described:-Attached to a
dise, wheel, or crank arm rotating at half the speed of the crank shaft of the

page_text: loom is a rod which connects with a rock lever. To the free end of this lever
is jointed a rod which gives motion, through a crank pin or otherwise, to the
pinion in gear with the rack of the driver. The rod connecting the disc or
arm to the rock lever is fitted at its extremities with coupling pins, which slide
in slots made in the disc and lever; that in the disc or crank arm is a radial
slot, and that in the lever a transverse slot; thus as the disc or crank arm is
rotated, a variable motion will be communicated to the rod which connects
with the pinion, thereby enabling the driver to pull its shuttles out of their
work comparatively slowly at the time they are drawing the thread off the
quill and making the edge of the work.
MENTS IN REVOLVER FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Tomlinson Bousfield at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd October 1863.-A communication from abroad by Stephen Wood,
residing at Cornwall, New York, United States of America.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN REVOLVER FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the so constructing the locks of revolver
fire-arms, that the hammer may be retained at half-cock; also that the
hammer may be drawn back by the thumb to full-cock, and the piece then
exploded by pulling the trigger; and in addition, so that the hammer may also
be drawn back and the piece exploded merely by pulling the trigger. For this
purpose the face of the hammer has two notches formed in it, into one of which
a click or pawl enters when the hammer is drawn back a short distance to half-
cock, and into the other notch the same pawl enters when the hammer is by the
thumb drawn back to full cock; this pawl is by preference carried by and turns
on the same pin as that on which the trigger turns, and the pawl is by means
of a spring pressed against the face of the hammer-pin; jointed to the trigger
is a second pawl, which is also pressed by a spring against the face of the
hammer; this spring is carried by the driver that causes the cylinder or rotating
breech to revolve. If the hammer is to be brought to half-cock, the hammer
is drawn back until the pawl that turns on the axis of the trigger enters the
half-cock notch formed in its face. If the hammer is by the thumb drawn
back, so that the pawl which turns on the same pin as the trigger has entered

page_text: the full-cock notch, the piece may be exploded by pulling the trigger; this
first revolves the rotating breech, and brings a chamber in it opposite the
barrel, the pawl carried by the trigger then comes against the pawl that is in
the full-cock notch in the hammer, and pushes it out therefrom, the paw!
carried by the trigger at this time being itself prevented from entering the
notch in the hammer by a projection on the hammer coming against it and
keeping it away from the notches.
When the pressure is released from the trigger, the trigger is by its spring
brought back to its former position, the pawl carried by it is then below the
full-cock notch before entered by the other pawl when the hammer was by
the thumb drawn back to full-cock. When the hammer is to be lifted and the
piece exploded by merely pulling the trigger, the pawl carried by it enters
the full-cock notch in the hammer, and as the trigger is pulled back it lifts the
bammer until the pawl is pressed out from the notch by the. projection on
the hammer coming against it, the hammer is then set free and the piece
exploded.
A NEW ATTACHMENT TO COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD AND TO OTHER ARTICLES OF DRESS FOR LIGHTING MATCHES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Haseltine at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th October
1863. A communication from abroad by Justus Osman Woods, of the
City, County, and State of New York, United States of America.
I, GEORGE HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," No. 12, South-
ampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW ATTACHMENT
TO COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD AND TO OTHER ARTICLES OF DRESS FOR LIGHTING
MATCHES," a communication, to be as follows:-
The nature of said Invention consists in providing coverings for the head and
other articles of dress with a rough or friction surface, against which matches
may be ignited, the same being attached to such parts unaffected by currents of
air, that the fire may be conveniently applied to the lighting of a cigar or
pipe. The friction surface may be first applied to a tablet or other device
formed of metal, leather, or any other suitable material, which tablet or other
device may be attached to the covering of the head or article of dress by a
hook or pin, or in any other convenient manner. Any covering for the head
or other article of dress being selected for the purpose, to such portion of its
surface as may be judged most desirable is applied a weak or thin solution of
glue, and upon this is sprinkled sand, emery, or other similar substance, care
being taken that the quantity of glue is not excessive nor such a quantity of

page_text: sand or emery is used as to make a surface too ragged and inflexible. Other
materials equivalent to glue may be substituted if desired. When a tablet is
used for the purpose its surface is roughened by similar means; or emery
paper upon which to rub the matches may be attached to the tablet, the latter
being of any desirable and convenient form.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LEATHER, AND IN MACHINERY FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Edward Tallent at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
February 1863.
I, THOMAS EDWARD TALLENT, New Church Street, Bermondsey, County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LEATHER, AND IN MACHINERY FOR THAT PURPOSE,"
to be as follows:-
Upon two side frames is placed a table on which the hide or leather travels;
upon the same frames and immediately above is mounted a shaft on which is
fixed a number of knives or scrapers so arranged as to give a continual
pressure upon the hide or leather, and to these knives is given a circular
motion, so that the knives being driven at a proper speed by means of suitable
pulleys and belts, have action upon the hide or leather under them, and by
this means the hide or leather is gradually carried forward, and thus the
operation is completed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PROJECTILES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Simpson Price at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th December
1863.
I, DAVID SIMPSON PRICE, of 26, Great George Street, Westminster,
Consulting Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PROJECTILES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of iron as it comes from the
refining process in the manufacture of projectiles for ordnance. The metal I
employ is that well known as finers' metal or refinery metal, and is pig iron
which has undergone the refining process. This material has already been
described by me in the Specification of Letters Patent, No. 2618, 1855.
In carrying out this Invention, the pig iron which I prefer to use is that
made from hematite, magnetic oxide, and spathose ores. It is refined in the
ordinary refining furnace, or by any other suitable method, such as treatment
in a reverberatory furnace, and the projectiles may be either cast direct from
the furnace, or the metal may be allowed to cool and again re-melted for
casting into the projectiles in any suitable manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING PRESSES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Weston at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th November
1863.
I, THOMAS WESTON, No. 5, Montague Street, Dublin, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING PRESSES," to
be as follows:
My said Invention for "Improvements in Printing Presses" consists in the
adjustment of two or more type carriages, lithographic stones, or other suitable
arrangements to be printed from, in any convenient manner in or upon the
surface, and near the circumference of a circular turntable of cast iron or
other suitable material, so that upon the table being made to revolve in a
horizontal plane by hand or other power, it shall carry the type or stone, &c.,
successively under the inking rollers and under the platten. The surfaco
of the table between the type carriages, &c., is made to answer for or to carry
the ink tables, ink reservoirs and doctors being attached; the machine is
thus made to be self-inking. The tympans and friskets used in letter-press
printing are also self-acting.
A NEW OR IMPROVED WRAPPER OR WRAPPING MATERIAL FOR USE IN SMOKING TOBACCO
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Wolf at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th June 1863.
I, EDWARD WOLF, of Sambrook Court, Basinghall Street, in the City of
London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED WRAPPER OR WRAPPING MATERIAL FOR USE IN SMOKING
TOBACCO," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is the production of an article or means for use
in smoking tobacco, whereby I prepare what I term cartridges of tobacco,
that is to say, a wrapper, envelope, or sheath in which tobacco may be placed
(when to be smoked) for the purpose of protecting the inner sides of the pipe
bowl from being burnt by the kindled tobacco, or incrusted by the products or
residua of its combustion, and for the further purpose of keeping the tobacco
longer alight than hitherto. For this purpose I prepare thin paper by
saturating or otherwise impregnating it with a certain material known as
Peruvian bark, and then I dry it. The paper must be cut into pieces of
circular or other forms suitable for wrapping in each piece a sufficient quantity
of tobacco for smoking in a pipe or tube. Instead of using Peruvian bark, I
sometimes employ extract of vanilla, musk, or lavender, or other perfumes to
overcome the unpleasant smell and flavour of burning paper. Tobacco held
in paper prepared as described will, when ignited, be precluded from injuring
the inside surface and edge of the bowl by incrustation or burning, and will
keep longer kindled than will bare tobacco.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COTTON GINS ON THE ROLLER PRINCIPLE
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Charles Wilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th November
1863.
I, JOHN CHARLES WILSON, of 14*, Cannon Street, London, County of
Middlesex, Civil and Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COTTON GINS ON THE ROLLER
PRINCIPLE," to-be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that particular description of cotton gin termed
the roller, and in India the "churka" gin. It consists, first, in the novel
combination of a fan with the two rollers, which sweeps away the fibre as
soon as it passes through the rollers, and avoids the nuisance, hitherto much
complained of, of lapping on the rollers. It has also the important effect in a
tropical climate of keeping the rollers cool.
Second, this Invention consists in the following novel and improved appa-
ratus for putting the requisite pressure on the top roller, and affording at the
same time a slight amount of elasticity, so as to lessen the friction on the
bearings. On the top roller brass I place a washer of leather, india-rubber,
or other suitable substance, and fit a metal box or cap over the same.
Between said metal cap or box and the top of the headstock or frame I fit a
tapered key cotter or wedge block, which is drawn forwards or backwards by
means of a screw, the pressure being put on or taken off accordingly. The
aforesaid washer affords the requisite elasticity.
Third, this Invention consists in the novel and improved combination in
roller gins worked by the foot of two treddles, one for each foot, and a light

page_text: wooden connecting rod from each to crank pins in discs fastened on each end
of the lower roller. The power of the foot is thus most advantageously
applied to the lower roller, where it is required to perform the work, and the
light wooden connecting rods reduce the friction to a minimum. The latter
is a point of great importance in foot gins, as the easier they can be worked
the more valuable they undoubtedly become.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RECLINING AND EASY CHAIRS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Hare at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
May 1863.
I, CHARLES HARE, of the City of Norwich, Chair Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RECLINING AND
EASY CHAIRS" to be as follows:-
My chairs are made in two parts at least, the lower part consisting of the
legs and under frame, which secures them together, the upper portions of the
back of this frame being curved or chamfered off for the purposes hereafter
mentioned. The seat or upper part of this chair is made distinct from the
aforesaid lower part, and this seat part I either make right angled, or curved,
or slanted at the lower portion of the back of the seat, so that the two parts,
when fitted upon one another, shall be as thus
or thus
a being the seat part and 6 the leg part. The two parts being fitted together
as referred to are secured together near the back by the use of a slotted plate
(one plate on each side inside the frame being preferred) screwed or otherwise
firmly fixed to one part of the chair and attached to the other part of the
chair by a pin or stud fixed in the chair and taking into the slot; or, instead
of this slotted plate arrangement, I could use hinged plates; I also use (near

page_text: the front of the chair, by preference,) a rack, ratchet, or toothed plate fixed
to one part with a lock catch on the other part, the end of this lock catch
having an ornamental knob, rosette, or otherwise protruding from the sides of
the chair, whereby the catch may be handled to lock it against any of the
teeth of the rack or ratchet. It will be evident that by these arrangements
the seat of the chair may be thrown back for reclining, by simply freeing the
catch, and that the extent of movement will be regulated by moving the knob
or handle of the catch.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Kirk at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st August
1863.
I, JOSIAH KIRK, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Overlooker of
Power Looms, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that portion of the power loom known as the warp
beam, and is designed for the purpose of dispensing with the loose hanging
weights ordinarily employed to give the necessary tension to the warp.
The
improvements consist in the novel employment and use of a spring or springs
in connection with a chain, rope, strap, or band passing round a pulley on the
end of the warp roller, such chain or band being attached to a screw passing
through the spring and terminating in a handle, and so arranged that the
spring may be pressed or acted upon by turning the handle, and the chain or
band will thus become tightened, and the amount of friction on the said roller
will become increased, less warp being then delivered, and vice versa. If
preferred the chain, cord, or band may be endless, and pass round the warp
roller and around a pulley mounted on a spring, the pressure of which spring
may be regulated by screw and handle as aforesaid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Fagg and Jesse Fagg at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 3rd October 1863.
We, THOMAS FAGG and JESSIE FAGG; both of Panton Street, in the County
of Middlesex, Boot Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as
follows-
This Invention consists of certain improvements in the manufacture of boots
and shoes, the object being to dispense with the seam across the joint of the
foot, and also with the seam in the front of the boot along the instep. We
propose to form the boot of one piece of leather, the same being blocked and
stretched to the required shape, after which it is closed only at the back with
one vertical seam; or in some cases we propose to use two pieces, one of
which is let in the upper leather as a gore or gusset. The lace opening is to
be formed in a curvilinear line on the outer side of the boot and between the
line of the instep or centre of the boot and the ankle joint, so as to come on
the soft fleshy part of the foot instead of on the tender bones of the instep, as
has hitherto been the case in boots which lace up the front; thus a very
comfortable fastening will be effected by the lacing, no stress being caused to
bear upon the instep joint, which will consequently act with perfect ease and
freedom;
but when desired we propose to make the lace opening in the
centre of the upper leather in the ordinary manner. By the formation of the
boot in one or two pieces of upper leather, and the absence of the cross seam

page_text: below the instep the joints at the toes will be relieved from the pressure and
inconvenience of the ordinary seams at present in use. The tongue of the
boot is to be made of an extension of the leather lining. This lining is cut of
the same size as the interior of the boot, and is attached at the inner side of
the curvilinear opening at a short distance beyond the eyelet lioles in the same
position as the front seam of a boot, so that such lining when brought round
and attached to the internal surface of the outer side of the boot will project
or extend beyond the outer eyelets and the curvilinear opening, and form a
tongue for the front part of the boot to overlap when laced up.
IMPROVED MEANS OF ATTACHING BOXES OR RECEPTACLES TO HOLD SOAP, BLACK LEAD, OR SIMILAR HOUSEHOLD ARTICLES TO THE SIDES OF WASH TUBS, PAILS, OR HOUSE BOXES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas William Couldery at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th July
1863.
I, THOMAS WILLIAM COULDERY, of Old Kent Road, in the County of Surrey,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF
ATTACHING BOXES OR RECEPTACLES TO HOLD SOAP, BLACK LEAD, OR SIMILAR
HOUSEHOLD ARTICLES TO THE SIDES OF WASH TUBS, PAILS, OR HOUSE BOXES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improved means of rendering boxes or receptacles
for holding soap, black lead, or similar household articles more portable than
hitherto by applying or attaching to the same a peculiarly formed handle, or
what I would term an "attacher," whereby the box or receptacle may be
easily attached to or supported in an upright position on the side or other
convenient part of the wash tub, pail, or house box, and the contents of such.
box or receptacle will thus be kept conveniently at hand, and will not be liable
to be upset or waste away, as is at present the case with regard to soap, which
is constantly being wasted through slipping into the water.
The handle or "attacher" is constructed of metal, wood, or other suitable
and durable material, and is curved or bent inwards at each extremity in order
to cause it to act somewhat like a spring or clip, the said handle being screwed
or otherwise fastened at the top extremity thereof to the back or other con-
venient part of the box or receptacle, the other end or extremity of the handle
or "attacher" hanging downwards in order to clip the side of the tub, pail, or

page_text: box, and thus firmly hold the box or receptacle in an upright or other desirable
position.
It will be evident that such handle or "attacher" may be so made as to fit
on to or clip any sized wash tub, pail, or house box, and it may be constructed
either as a separate handle or "attacher" for ordinary boxes or receptacles
for holding soap, black lead, or other household articles, or the handle or
"attacher" may be constructed so as to form one piece with the back of the
box or receptacle.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PADDLE WHEELS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Charles Ford at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th February
1863.
I, WILLIAM CHARLES FORD, of Brooklyn, in the County of Kings and
State of New York, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN PADDLE WHEELS," to be as
follows:-
I make use of a wheel with arms and rings in any usual manner, but instead
of all the buckets being equidistant from the centre I place them in three
ranges so that each alternate arm carries two buckets, while each intermediate
arm carries one bucket midway or nearly so of the other two, in order that it
may act against the water that passes between the two preceding buckets. I
also make the buckets of a prismatic form, in order that they may shed off
the water more quickly as they rise, and also that their action in the water
shall be that of an inclined plane forcing the water away from the wheel and
making it more dense for the paddles to act against, instead of rising within
the wheel in a foam, as heretofore. I also make the said prismatic buckets
of sheet metal with an armhole for access in making repairs, and the sheet
metal ends of these prismatic buckets are made with flanges, by which said
buckets are secured in place.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING ALUMINATE OF SODA AND OTHER ALUMINOUS SALTS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Adam Dixon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th October
1863.
I, WILLIAM ADAM DIXON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING ALUMINATE OF SODA AND OTHER ALUMINOUS SALTS,"
to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object to make aluminate of soda and other
aluminous salts practically free from iron, and in an economical manner.
And in practising the Invention according to one modification, a solution of
tersulphate or other sulphate of alumina, either natural or artificial, and in a
more or less pure state, is first neutralised with carbonate or hydrate of
lime, and the precipitate is allowed to settle, and the clear liquid poured off.
If the proportion of alumina contained in the precipitate is not known, it is
ascertained, and the precipitate is treated with rather less than an equivalent
proportion of caustic soda lye, with or without heat, by which means the
alumina is dissolved, and the iron and other impurities are left behind.
Instead of caustic soda an equivalent proportion of carbonate of soda, together
with an equivalent proportion of hydrate of lime, may be added. The resulting
solution of aluminate of soda is evaporated to a convenient strength, or it may
be dried and fused.
According to another modification the tersulphate or other sulphate of
alumina is heated in a suitable vessel to a temperature sufficient to drive off

page_text: the sulphuric acid. The remaining impure alumina is then fused with an
equivalent of caustic soda or carbonate of soda, and the mass kept fused until
any oxide of iron it may contain falls to the bottom. Instead of using caustic
soda or carbonate of soda for fusing, the proportion of iron contained in the
mass may be determined, and there may be added sufficient sulphide of sodium
to convert the iron into sulphide, the quantity of caustic soda or carbonate of
soda added being diminished in proportion to the sulphide of sodium employed.
The aluminate of soda obtained by the processes herein-before described
may be advantageously used in dyeing and printing, the cloth being worked
through the solution, or being printed with the solution combined with a
suitable thickener, and thereafter exposed to the air, or to carbonic acid, or
being passed into a solution of sal ammoniac, or into a dilute acid.
The improvements in making other aluminous salts consists in employing
aluminate of soda, obtained as herein-before described, in the manufacture of
such salts, whereby freedom from iron is secured. The aluminate of soda
obtained as herein-before described may also be used otherwise.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN HYDRAULIC PUMPS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Hazeldine at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
December 1863.
I, FREDERICK HAZELDINE, of Lant Street, Borough, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HYDRAULIC PUMPS," to be as follows:-
The object and intention of this Invention is to obtain in one pump the effect
heretofore produced by the use of two separate pumps. For example, in
working the pumps of hydraulic presses it has been usual to employ two pumps,
one larger than other, the large pump being used to inject water quickly into
the cylinder containing the ram, and the smaller pump to force the water to
the required pressure for raising the ram. I propose to accomplish the object
of this Invention by the following means, that is to say, instead of using one
solid plunger in the barrel of the pump I use two plungers, one fitting
within the other, the outer plunger is hollow and the inner plunger solid.
These plungers are actuated as follows:-When the large plunger is required
to be used for the purpose above stated I pass a key or cotter through the
two plungers to connect them together; and when the small plunger is
required to be used, I then disconnect said plungers and fix the outer plunger
by a key or cotter to the barrel of the pump; the small plunger then works
through the large one, and thus I obtain in one pump the effect of two
separate pumps.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Townsend Ward at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
May 1863.
I, JAMES TOWNSEND WARD, of Swansea, in the County of Glamorgan,
Carriage Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, of the following improvements in four-wheel
carriages: I make the body of the carriage of the form of the carriage ordinarily
called a wagonette, the said body of the carriage being provided with moveable
raised backs to the seats. I provide a cover for the carriage, which cover being
placed upon the body and fixed temporarily thereon converts it from an open
to a close carriage. The said cover has a seat in front which will accom-
modate four persons, and is railed round at top so as to fit it to carry luggage.
The said cover is provided with windows. As the moveable high backs to the
scats are not required when the cover is used with the carriage, the said backs
are. removed before the cover is put on. I call the carriage described "The
Cawdor."
My Invention consists, secondly, of the addition to "The Cawdor" and
other carriages of a folding or collapsible luggage basket. The said folding
luggage basket is fixed under the body of the carriage, the axle of the hind
wheels being suitably cranked to make room for it. The said folding basket
is made of a series of parts so hinged together that the basket, when not

page_text: required to carry luggage, can fold or collapse into a frame or recess on the
under side of the body of the carriage, to which the upper edge of the basket
is fixed. When required for use, the basket is allowed to expand downwards
and the luggage to be carried is introduced at the hind part.
AN APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Rudrum at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th March
1863.
I, FREDERICK RUDRUM, of Lady's Lane, in the City of Norwich, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING,"
to be as follows:-
The apparatus consists of a box or case, one side of which I term the
cashier's side, and the other the indicator side or front, the said box or case
containing the registering mechanism, which will be covered up, but on the
cashier's side there will be glass, through which the indicating or registering
figures will be visible.
The mechanism consists of spring stops and stop pieces or mechanism,
acting on shafts or axles, with wheels set thereon, and for use in establish-
ments having a number of persons (hereafter term "assistants") requiring to
register receipts of cash; the apparatus will be divided so that some wheels
and mechanism will be appropriated to indicating each of the assistants
whose receipts are to be registered, others the amount of cash received from
each of such assistants, and others the total amounts received from all the
asssistants up to a given amount. The spring stops are in front of the
apparatus, a given range of these stops being appropriated to the assistants
in an establisment, and another range of stops for the cash register, one line
being for pounds, another for shillings, another for pence, and another for
farthings.

page_text: The assistant wishing to register has to state to the cashier his desire to
register, when the cashier by means of a lever sets the mechanism in gear,
and then the assistant proceeds, for example, as thus: Supposing No. 2 to be
his assigned Number, and he requires to register the receipt of £5 10 9;
having pressed his indicator stop, he presses on stop No. 5 in the pounds row,
which will effect the turning of the top shaft or axle a quarter turn, moving the
wheel with it, as also the wheel belonging to No. 2 aforesaid, and the total
wheel. Now the pounds wheel having figures 1 to 20 marked at equal dis-
tances, and the wheel having made a quarter turn, it must stand at 5, which
corresponds with the 5 on the indicator stop pressed as aforesaid; No. 10 in
the shillings or second row is then pressed in the same manner, and the same
action takes place, except that this horizontal shaft, instead of making a quarter
turn only, must in this instance move round half its circumference, shewing
the figure 10, this being marked 1 to 20. The next wheel is marked 1 to 12
and when the No. 9 indicator is pressed, the horizontal shaft thereof makes a
partial turn, and 9 is registered. The farthings are then registered in the same
manner, these wheels being numbered 1 to 4.
Thus the apparatus registers £5 10 9 to assistant No. 2, which also
appears on the total wheels; springs and mechanism return the parts to their
proper places after registering and keep the same in due order.
If the apparatus should be used to register goods, valuables, or other
things, instead of cash, it will be figured and regulated in accordance there-
with.