A NEW OR IMPROVED MILL FOR CRUSHING BONES OR OTHER SUBSTANCES, SUCH AS OIL CAKES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Archer, junior, of the Dunston Engine Works,
Dunston, in the County of Durham, Engineer, for the Invention of "A
NEW OR IMPROVED MILL FOR CRUSHING BONES OR OTHER SUBSTANCES, SUCH
AS OIL CAKES."
Sealed the 11th August 1876, and dated the 14th February 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Archer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th February 1876.
THOMAS ARCHER, junior, of the Dunston Engine Works, Dunston, in the County
of Durham, Engineer. "A NEW OR IMPROVED MILL FOR CRUSHING BONES OR
OTHER SURSTANCES SUCH AS OIL CAKES."
The object of my Invention is to produce an efficient bone crushing mill with
but few working parts, thus reducing to a minimum the frictional resistance and
wear and tear of the machine. For this purpose I place in a strong frame a vertical
plate of iron capable of adjustment, having serrated flutes or ridges running from top
to bottom. This plate is fixed across the frame and forms one end of what may be
termed a hopper. The opposite end is moveable and placed at an angle with similar
flutes and serrations; but the teeth are so disposed as only to act when moving in a
downward direction.
The lower part of the movable plate of the so called hopper is mounted on the
eccentric of a revolving shaft. The upper part inclines backwards against a roller
or spindle on which it moves when motion is given by any suitable means to the
said shaft.
The action of the mill when in operation would be as follows:-The material to
be crushed being placed in the hopper the eccentric carries the movable plate in a
This act
downward direction towards the bottom of the opposite or fixed plate.
brings into application the serrations which drag down and crush the substance;
the ridges of the one plate being opposite the furrows on the other, further help to
prepare the materials for the next effort.
The revolving shaft in completing its revolution causes the moveable plate to
move upwards and separate from the fixed plate; the serrations do not then act but
allow the sufficiently crushed fragments to fall from the machine while the partially

page_text: or uncrushed portions fall downward to a more contracted situation to be after-
wards dragged further down by the teeth to a still more confined space, and there
broken and crushed in the manner before described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Thomas Archer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th August
1876.
THOMAS ARCHER, junior, of the Dunstan Engine Works, Dunstan, in the County
of Durham, Engineer. "A. NEW OR IMPROVED MILL FOR CRUSHING BONES OR
OTHER SURSTANCES, SUCH AS OIL CAKES."
The object of my Invention is to produce an efficient bone crushing mill having
but few working parts, thus reducing to a minimum the frictional resistance and
wear and tear of the machine. For this purpose I place in a strong frame a vertical
plate of iron capable of adjustment, and having serrated flutes or ridges running
from top to bottom; or the said plate may be serrated longitudinally, and
fluted vertically from the lower edge upward a short distance only. This plate
is fixed across the frame and forins one end of what may be termed a hopper.
The opposite end is movable and placed at an angle with similar flutes and
serrations; but the teeth are so disposed as to act only when moving in a down-
ward direction.
The lower part of the movable plate of the so called hopper is mounted on an
eccentric shaft. The upper part of the said plate inclines backward against a
roller or spindle on which it moves when motion is given by any suitable means
to the said shaft. The two plates thus form jaws for the reception and crushing
the raw material placed or thrown in the hopper, the width of the aperture
through which the fragments pass being regulated by the adjustment of the fixed
plate.
In those instances where the material is required to be afterwards ground, I
would have a sloping spout under the aperture of the jaws to receive and conduct
the crushed fragments to a pair of suitable rollers, between which the fragments
would pass and fall in a powdered state into a receptacle beneath.
I will now proceed to describe my Invention more fully by aid of the accom-
panying Drawings, reference being had to the letters and figures marked thereon.
Figure 1 is a plan of my improved bone crushing mill, with a spout leading
therefrom to a set of grinding rollers; Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of the
same on line A, B, (Figure 1); and Figure 3 is a side view.
In these Figures a, a, is the frame of the mill, and b, Figures 1 and 2, the fixed
plate or jaw, which is bolted to the abutment bx by suitable bolts. The form and
direction of the teeth on this plate are shewn to a larger scale in Figure 4, which is
a vertical section of the plate; Figure 5, a front view of the same shewing the
vertical flutes; and Figure 6, a section on line C, D, Figure 5.
For the convenience of construction and easy renewal of the working parts
when worn the movable jaw is composed of two parts, the body d and the
serrated plate dx (see Figure 2), which are bolted securely together. The arrange-
ment of the teeth and flutes on this plate are similar to those on the plate b, shewn
in Figures 4, 5, and 6. The ridges on one plate work in the furrows or grooves of
the other plate or jaw, thus meeting and crushing any portion of the raw material
that may be passing edgewise through the mill.
The lower portion of the movable jaw is fitted, as shewn, on the eccentric
shaft e, the journals of which are concentric with the driving pulley g, (see Figures
1 and 3) keyed thereon. From the eccentric motion of this shaft is derived the
crunching" action so essential to a crushing mill, and the use of springs or the
employment of weights to return the said jaw after performing its progressive or

page_text: crushing motion is also entirely avoided. The upper part of the jaw is bifurcated
in the direction of its length, and a roller or spindle f passing from side to side
of the frame and between the prongs keeps and supports the said jaw in posi-
tion, and yet allows it sufficient motion for the due performance of its duty.
The width of the aperture through which the fragments pass may be regulated
by inserting liners c (see Figure 2) of the required thickness between the jaw b and
the abutment b*.
In Figure 7 I have shewn a modification of my Invention. Here the two jaws
are movable, each riding on an eccentric shaft. The relative position of the
eccentrics is so arranged that the jaws shall at a certain portion of the revolution
of the shaft approach each other, while at the same time and by aid of suitable
spur gearing the vertical motion of one jaw shall be downward and that of the
other upward.
The action of the mill would be as follows:-The material to be crushed, such as
bones, oil cakes, coal, or such like substances, is thrown in the hopper H, Figures 1
and 2, and the eccentric shaft e, Figure 2, set in motion by means of the driving
pulley g (see Figures 1 and 3) keyed on the axle thercof. One revolution of the
eccentric shaft will produce in the movable jaw a quadripartite motion, that is
(taking the position of the jaw, as shewn on the Drawing, as the starting point),
1, a downward retrogressive; 2, a retrogressive upward; 3, an upward progressive;
and 4, a progressive downward motion. During this action of the mill the
material in the said hopper has been crushed and afterwards rasped downward to a
more contracted situation, to be again similarly acted upon during the next revolu-
tion of the said shaft. The crushed fragments finally fall from the mill and may
be received by the spout and conducted to the grinding mill which may be
driven from the crushing mill by a band m, Figure 1, passing from a pulley keyed
on the axle of the eccentric shaft e to a pulley keyed on the pinion shaft n, the
pinion of which gears with the spur wheel nx. This spur wheel is keyed on the
axle of the roller , which has also a smaller spur wheel o (see Figure 1) gearing
into a similar but larger wheel o* communicating a rotary motion to the roller
This last roller is mounted on shifting plummer blocks or axle boxes so that should
any hard substance get between the rollers the said roller would separate from
the roller , and allow the hard substance to pass through; the weight W (sec
Figure 2) by means of the lever and shaft S, will return the roller to its
position by thrusting with the arms S*, S*, (see Figures 1 and 3) against the
shifting axle boxes.
Having now described the nature and object of my said Invention, together with
the manner of carrying the same into effect, I would remark in conclusion that
what I consider new and would claim as my Invention secured to me by Letters
Patent is, a new or improved mill for crushing bones or other substances, such as
oil cakes, of the construction and arrangement, as above described and illustrated
on the accompanying Drawing, but it must be distinctly understood that I do not
claim the grinding mill attached thereto, which is merely added to render the
design more complete.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Archer, junior, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.