Improved Pans for Closets and Privies.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Jan., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 27th Oct., 1894-Accepted, 15th Dec., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Pans for Closets and Privies.
We, CHRISTOPHER WARBURTON, Surveyor,
and WILLIAM EDWIN
WARBURTON Assistant Surveyor both of Audley, Stoke on Trent, Staffs, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This our invention relates to an improved construction of stone-ware pans for
use as dry earth closets, the object of our said invention being the production of
stone-ware pans for the purpose named which are cleanly, efficient, impervious to
moisture, non-liable to corrosion from acid contained in urine or other excrement,
and can be readily fixed.
One mode of carrying our said invention into practice is by making each of such
pans in one piece of or from pipe clay, or marl, and of a tubular form, cylindrical,
oval, square or rectangular in cross-section by means of machines similar to those
used for making hollow earthenware cylinders or pipes, each cylinder or pan
having one of its ends closed, and in one with, and of the same material as the body
of the pan, we prefer to make such closed or lower ends concave or dished, so that
the contents of such pans can be readily removed by scoops, ladles or other
suitable means.
Another mode of carrying our said invention into practice is by making such
pans in two separate parts of any suitable cross-section, the upper end of the lower
portion of each pan being made with a suitably shaped projecting rim, so that a
compact joint may be formed between the lower end of the top portion, and the
upper end of the lower portion of such pans.
It will be understood that the internal and external surfaces of such improved
dry earth closet pans, or parts of such pans are made vitreous in a similar manner
to earthenware drain and water pipes.
Dated this 26th day of January 1881.
JOHN NEWTON,
Longport, Staffs, Agent for Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Pans for Closets and Privies.
WILLIAM EDWIN
We,
CHRISTOPHER WARBURTON Surveyor, and
WARBURTON Assistant Surveyor both of Audley Stoke-on-Trent, Staffs, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This our invention has reference to an improved construction of stone-ware pans
for use as dry-earth closets, the object of our said invention being the production
of stone-ware pans for use as closets or privies, which shall be cleanly, efficient,
impervious to moisture, non-liable to corrosion from acid contained in urine or other
excrement, be readily fixed in position for use, and be readily emptied and cleansed
when required.
One mode of carrying our said invention into practice is by making such pans in
two separate parts of or from pipe-clay, marl or the like suitable material, and tubular,
cylindrical, oval, square or rectangular in cross-section by means of a machine or

page_text: machines similar to those used for making hollow earthenware cylinders or pipes,
the upper end of the lower portion of each pan we make with a suitably shaped
projecting rim so that a compact joint may be formed between the lower end of the
top portion, and the upper end of the lower portion of such pans, the external
portion of the lower part of such pans may be flat, curved or rounded and in one
with, and of the same material as the body of the pan, the internal surface of the
lower end of each pan we make concave or dished so as to enable any excrement
within such pans to be readily removed by scoops, ladles or other suitable means.
Another mode of carrying our said invention into practice is by making such pans
in one length or piece, instead of two separate parts as before described, the
internal and external surfaces of such pans or parts of such pans or closets we
glaze or make vitreous in a similar manner to earthenware drain and water pipes,
so that when fixed in position for use such pans will exclude water, and thus
prevent the offensive smells which usually arise from the contamination of water
from the earth with excrement within such pans.
In order that our said invention may be more readily understood and explained
in detail we have hereunto annexed a sheet of drawings shewing the manner of
carrying our said invention into practice, and on which drawings letters of reference
are marked on corresponding parts on all the figures alike.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a glazed earthenware closet pan made in two
parts.
Figure 2 is a side sectional elevation of a part of a closet on the line A-B of
Figure 4.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional elevation taken on the line C-D of
Figure 4.
Figure 4 is a sectional plan view of Figures 2 and 3 taken on the lines E-F
and G-H.
Figure 5 is a plan view of the projecting rim at the upper end of the lower
portion of the pan shewn at Figure 2.
Figure 6 is a plan view of the upper end of the lower portion b of the pan shewn
at Figure 3.
Figure 7 is a reduced plan view of the projecting rim at the upper end of the
lower portion of the pan shewn at Figure 1. and
Figure 8 is a plan view of the upper end of a pan, shewing a continuous
projecting rim.
In these figures a is the upper, and b the lower portion of such improved
dry-earth closet pans, which in Figures 2 and 3 are shewn fitted together for use
within a closet, the internal surface of the lower end 6 of such pans we make
concave, dished or rounded and glazed, there being no rough surface as is the case
with brick and stone privies or vaults for excrement to adhere to.
Figure 1 is drawn about one-twelfth of its full size, and Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
and 8 to a scale of half an inch equal to one foot.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is
1st. The construction in two parts of dry-earth closet pans by a suitable machine
or machines or other suitable means, and of any suitable size of or from marl,
stoneware or the like suitable material and tubular, cylindrical, oval, square or
rectangular in cross-section, the upper end of the lower portion of each pan being
made without a flange as shewn at Figures 3 and 6 of the drawings; but preferably
with a suitably shaped projecting rim as shewn at Figures 1, 2, 5, 7 and 8 so that
a compact joint may be formed between the lower end of the top portion, and the
upper end of the lower portion of such pans, the external portion of the lower part

page_text: of such pans being made flat, curved or rounded, the internal surface of the lower
end of each pan concave or dished, and the internal and external surfaces of such
pans glazed as herein substantially described set forth and illustrated on the
drawings hereunto annexed.
2nd. The construction of dry-earth closet pans in one piece or length of
stoneware by a suitable machine or machines or other suitable means, and of any
suitable size tubular, cylindrical, oval, square or rectangular in cross-section, the
external portion of the lower part of such pans being made curved, flat or rounded,
the internal surface of the lower end of each pan concave or dished, and the
internal and external surfaces of such pans glazed as herein substantially described
and set forth.
Dated this 26th day of October 1894.