IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING,, APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILERS. FURNACES. AND OTHER HEATING APPARATUS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Francis Alton Calvert, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING,,
APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILERS. FURNACES. AND OTHER HEATING APPARATUS."
Sealed the 24th April 1867, and dated the 3rd November 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Francis Alton Calvert
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd November 1866.
I, FRANCIS ALTON CALVERT, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HEATING, APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILERS, FURNACES, AND OTHER HEATING
APPARATUS," to be as follows:―
My Invention consists in so constructing heating apparatus that the heavier
portions of the products of combustion which are deleterious to the better
heating portions are allowed to separate and are conveyed directly to the
chimney, whilst the hotter portions of the products of combustion are brought
into a quiescent state, by this means the heat is prevented from being thrown
off into the chimney; it also dispenses with the common flues of steam boilers -
and other heating apparatus.
:
In performing my Invention I place the boiler on suitable pillars or seatings
at an elevation of between four to five feet above the level of the ash-pit, by
which means a large space is formed into which the heat from the furnace is
drawn, and then rises to the boiler and remains in a quiescent state, while'

page_text: the cooler products of combustion are conveyed away into the chimney at the
lowest possible part of the chamber below the boiler and the farthest distant
from the fire-grate, by these means a great saving in fuel is effected.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Francis Alton Calvert in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
30th April 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FRANCIS
ALTON CALVERT, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by 'Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Francis Alton Calvert, Her special license that I, the said Francis
Alton Calvert, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Francis Alton Calvert, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN HEATING, APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILERS, FURNACES, AND OTHER
HEATING APPARATUS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Francis Alton Calvert, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Francis Alton Calvert, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say) :-
. My Invention consists in so constructing heating apparatus that the heavier.
portions of the products of combustion, which are deleterious to the better
heating portions are allowed to separate and are conveyed directly to the
chimney, whilst the hotter and lighter portions of the products of combustion.

page_text: are brought into a quiescent state, by this means the available heat is prevented
from being drawn off into the chimney."
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into operation I will proceed to describe the accompanying Sheet of Drawings,
reference being had to the figures and letters marked thereon.
Figure 1 is an elevation of a common cylindrical steam boiler, to which my
improvements are applied; Figure 2 is an end view of the same; Figure 3
is a section through the line A, B, of Figure 1, and Figure 4 is a section through
the lines C, D.
a represents the boiler, which is shewn without internal flues, but which
may be provided with flues when desirable; b is the fire-grate placed below
the end of the boiler, and at a considerably lower level than usual; c is the
firing door, which is suspended to the chain & passing over the pulley 'e, and
counterbalanced by the weight f; the pulley e is fixed to the shaft,
9, to which
is also fixed the pulley h, around which the chain i passes; one end of this
chain is provided with a handle j, and to the other end is attached the
plunger k fitting in the air cylinder 1, which is provided with a tap 1¹ to
discharge the air from the cylinder 1. To the under side of the plunger k is
attached a disc of india-rubber or other elastic material to make it fit air-
tight in the cylinder 7, which is provided with five or other convenient number
of holes 13, as shewn in Figure 2, and one or more of these holes are closed
when required by plugs. Below the firing door c is the door m for gaining
access to the ash-pit and to the flues under the boiler. The products of com-
bustion rising from the fire-grate 6 pass over the bridge n, and then after
coming in contact with the fire-wall p they pass through the flues o, o, which
are made at each side of the fire-wall p, see Figure 4, and then they enter the
heating chamber q, which extends from the wall p to the wall r beyond the
end of the boiler. It will be observed that the boiler is supported by the walls p
and r, and by the other parts of the seating, and that it should be elevated
about from three to five feet from the bottom of the heating chamber, so as
to afford sufficient space in the heating chamber for the separation of the
lighter or more inflammable gases from the heavier or non-inflammable por-
tions of the products of combustion, the latter from their greater specific
gravity fall to the bottom of the heating chamber, while, the former rise to the
highest point, and give off their heat to the boiler and surrounding brickwork;
the flues placed at the lowest point of the heating chamber is in communi-
cation with the chimney, and is provided with a damper of the ordinary
construction to regulate the draught. The openings u in the front of the
brickwork are for clearing out the top of the flues above the fire-grate; these

page_text: openings are closed by moveable lids. The firing door c is opened by the
attendant drawing down the handle j, and it is held open to admit the fuel by
hooking the handle; on to the catch t.. When the fuel has been thrown in,
the attendant releases the handle j from the hook't, and the door c is gradually
lowered by the preponderating weight of the plunger k, until the lower end
of the plunger covers the air openings 12 in the cylinder 7; if it should be
.requisite to close the firing door as soon as the fuel has been thrown on
the grate the tap is left open to allow the air to escape rapidly from the
cylinder as the plunger descends, but if it should be desired to hold the
firing door partially open for some time after the fuel is thrown in, to admit
air for aiding the consumption of the smoke, the tap is closed, and the
plugs are placed in the holes 12, so as to close all the said holes, excepting one,
and the one that is left open will determine the opening of the firing door.
As soon as the plunger k descends, until the india-rubber disc closes the
opening * that had been left uncovered, the further descent of the plunger is
'prevented by the air in the lower part of the cylinder l, and the firing door
will be held partly open until the tap l' is opened; but if it should be required
to allow the firing door to close very slowly after the plunger k covers the
opening then the tap ¹ is partially opened to prevent the rapid escape of
the air in the lower part of the cylinder.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described a convenient
mode of carrying the same into operation, I wish it to be understood that I
do not limit myself to the arrangements or details given, as the same may be
adapted to boilers of every description, and to furnaces or other heating appa-
ratus; what I do claim is, allowing the heated portions of the products of
combustion to rise in what I term the heating chamber, while the draught to
the chimney carries off at a lower level the non-heating portions, as described.
I also claim the plunger and air cylinder described, and parts connected
therewith for regulating the admission of the air required for the consumption
of the smoke.
.
:
In witness whereof, I, the said Francis Alton Calvert, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of April, One thousand
night hundred