matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DATING AND STAMPING TICKETS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Waugh at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th July
1875.
I, JOHN WAUGH, of 29, Tyrrel Street, Bradford, in the County of
York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DATING AND STAMPING TICKETS," to be as
follows.-
The machines ordinarily employed for placing the date or other
characters upon railway and other tickets are usually provided with
type of a soft metal, and in conjunction with ordinary printers' ink the
characters are printed upon the face or back of the ticket. This mode
imprints the characters very indistinctly, causing loss of time in checking
the tickets, and encourages persons so disposed to tamper with the dates
thereon.
The object of this Invention is to clearly and indelibly impress the
tickets with the necessary characters by means of hard steel type and
without the use of printing ink, thus facilitating the proper examination

page_text: of such tickets, and for the better prevention of tampering with the
characters thereon.
I accomplish this object in the following manner.-To a suitable cast
metal base or sole plate with a boss projecting in a vertical or diagonal
direction I attach two rocking arms or side levers, one placed on each
side of the aforesaid boss; the bottom parts of these rocking arms or the
ends next the sole plate are centred on a pin or stud passing through
both arms and projecting boss, the arms are also extended on each side
of the pin or stud in such a manner as to form feet or stops, which I
call the front and back feet, to be herein-after described. At a con-
venient distance from the stud or pin, and near the other end of the
rocking arms, I secure two cross bars, one fixed to the back and the
other to the front side of rocking arms. Betwixt these cross bars is a
space in which I place the type, and is secured therein by means of
another cross bar passing over the extreme ends of the rocking arms,
and secured thereto by means of a screw and catch. I fix a moveable
Jaw between the rocking arms, the bottom part of which rests in a
groove formed in top of sole plate boss, and the top of the said jaw is
within such a distance of the type as to allow sufficient space for the
free admission of the ticket to be stamped.
The rocking arms as before described are centred on a stud or pin,
and rest on the front feet The ticked is placed by the attendant
between the type and moveable jaw and presses the apparatus back, by
which means the moveable jaw rises and imprints the characters of the
type on the ticket. On to the back feet of the said rocking arms is
attached a spring for the purpose of forcing the apparatus back to its
original position when the ticket is withdrawn.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOODWAYS FOR WAREHOUSES AND OTHER BUILDINGS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Melville Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOODWAYS FOR WAREHOUSES AND OTHER BUILDINGS."
-A communication from abroad by John Henry Morrell, of the
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Alexander Melville Clark
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
and Declaration, on the 11th November 1875, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDER
MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FLOODWAYS FOR WAREHOUSES AND OTHER BUILDINGS," and have petitioned
Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn

page_text: set 'across the pan so as to keep floating debris from entering the main
pipe or choking the valves.
In cases where it is necessary or desirable to carry the pipes through
the walls of a building to connect with the outside pipe or leader, I
use a valve of similar construction and arrangement to that previously
described, but place the same in a box, pipe, or section, as shown in
Figures 3 and 4.
Having described the nature of the Invention and the manner of
performing the same, I declare that what I claim as new, and desire
to secure by Letters Patent is, in a floodway for warehouses and other
buildings, the combination with the leader pipe C and the inclined
bottom sink or reservoir opening into the room through gratings of the
netting D, and inclined outwardly, opening valve B, substantially as and
for the purpose described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Melville Clark, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of November,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS AND IN THE ARRANGEMENT AND NUMBER OF THE SCREWS FOR PROPELLING THE SAME
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Griffiths at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
November 1875.
I, ROBERT GRIFFITHS, of Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS
IN STEAM SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS AND IN THE ARRANGEMENT AND NUMBER OF
THE SCREWS FOR PROPELLING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, first, to the improved construction of steam
ships and other vessels in order to afford increased strength in such
structures, and also to provide space for the stowage of coals or other
fuel, masts, spars, and other tackle. For this purpose a ship or vessel
according to these improvements is constructed with a longitudinal
division or hollow girder extending from the keel to the water line or
up to the upper deck, serving to strengthen or brace the ship or vessel
from stem to stern.
This division or girder may either be solid or hollow and of sufficient
width between its sides as to admit of the stowage of coal or other fuel
or cargo, the upper part being so arranged that the masts, spairs, sails,

page_text: and other tackle may be stowed therein flush with the upper deck. By
this means great strength may be imparted to vessels of war employed
as rams or otherwise.
The spaces on each side of the longitudinal girder or division may also
be formed into separate compartments by bulkheads.
.
In vessels constructed with an inner and an outer skin or shell, the
space between them is utilized according to my improvements for
stowing coals or other cargo in lieu of the dead weight heretofore used
in the lower part as ballast, also serving as an additional protection
against the action of torpedoes or other submarine missiles or explosions.
In order to afford greater facility, security, and convenience in
stowing and launching ships' boats according to my improvements, they
are connected with and placed upside down behind the bulwarks on bars
or davits lying on the deck, which at such parts are hinged or jointed
to the deck of the vessel. By simply turning over or righting the boats
they become suspended from the bars over the side of the vessel, from
which they can be readily lowered and released when required.
According to another part of my improvements two, three, four, or
more screw propellers may be employed, arranged to act in tunnels
either at the stem or stern, or both as described in the Specification of
Letters Patent granted to me, dated 22nd November 1873, No. 3817,
the number of such screw propellers depending upon the breadth of the
ship or vessel, its draft of water, and power employed, so that when the
ship or vessel is of very light draft and wide beam the number of screws
at each end are increased.
AN IMPROVED APparatus for LOCKING OR FASTENING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hector Auguste Dufrené at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 26th April 1875.-A. communication from Monsieur Emile
Bazelaire, residing at No. 15, Rue Larrey, Paris, in the Republic of
France.
I, HECTOR AUGUSTE DUFRENÉ, of No. 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris,
in the Republic of France, and 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Civil
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED APparatus for LOCKING OR FASTENING," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in the construction of an apparatus for closing,
locking, uniting, or attaching together separate articles in such a
manner as to prevent their subsequent separation without violence,
except when the proper key is employed.
The apparatus is constructed of a metal spindle, each end of which is
passed into a safety box. One side of the spindle is formed with a
circular notch or neck, and its corresponding box is provided with two

page_text: plates moved by two springs, and which can lock the neck so as to
prevent the release of the spindle.
A suitable key acting on a cam by which the two plates are separated
allows of opening the same. The other side of the spindle is also
provided with circular grooves, and its corresponding box is provided 5
with a ring into which pass two vertical blades formed with notches like
saw teeth, in such a manner that once the spindle enters, the teeth take
into the notches and prevent it coming out; a suitable key also allows of
opening it. A curved piece unites the two boxes and thus forms them
into a padlock. I can also employ one box only with the portion of the 1
spindle corresponding with it, or two similar boxes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PENCIL CASES OR PENCIL HOLDERS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edwin Thomas Marler, of Union Bank Buildings,
Holborn Circus, London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PENCIL CASES OR PENCIL HOLDERS."-A communication from abroad by
Joseph Reckendorfer, of New York, in the United States of
America.
.
Sealed the 7th May 1875, and dated the 20th January 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edwin Thomas Marler
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 20th January 1875.
I, EDWIN THOMAS MARLER, of Union Bank Buildings, Holborn Oircus,
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PENCIL CASES OR PENCIL HOLDERS," communicated to me from
abroad by Joseph Reckendorfer, of New York, in the United States of
America, to be as follows:—
The pencil case or pencil holder constructed according to these
improvements, has a longitudinal hollow socket, channel, or chamber to

page_text: receive the lead to be used for writing or marking purposes. At the
end of the stem or body of the case or holder through which the lead is
to protrude in order to be used for writing or marking purposes is a
conical cap
formed with a longitudinal slit or slot. Between this cap
and the main portion of the stem or body of the holder, is a short screw {
threaded portion. A ring, collar, or clip tapped internally with a screw
thread corresponding with the above-mentioned scrow threaded portion
is fitted on the said body or stem, so that it can be screwed to and fro on
the said screw threaded portion, and act as an adjustable clamp to bind
the conical cap or end to the lead therein, and thus adapt the cap for 1
leads of various sizes, calibres, or diameters. The opposite end of the
stem or body of the case or holder is provided with a similar conical cap,
or instead thereof, with a cylindrical or otherwise shaped cap to which
a watch key or other useful appliance or an ornamental appendage
can be fitted. It is best to make the slotted conical cap of sheet:
metal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th May 1875.-A communication from abroad by Georg Carl
Frederic Bartels and Edward Ferdinand Freise, of Goetlingen,
Hanover, Germany.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent
Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING," a communication to me
from abroad by Georg Carl Frederic Bartels and Edward Ferdinand
Freise, of Goetlingen, Hanover, Germany, to be as follows:-
This consists in chemical combinations of "mecaptane" which has
great affinity to vegetable and animal fibres, whereby a general method
for dyeing any kinds of tissues is available. It may be remarked that
these colours must be used in a different way to the ordinary dyeing
colours. If for instance, "Havanna brown" be dyed after the old
method, it is necessary that the tissue be grounded with sumach, then
passed through a bath containing iron, then through one with
"cautchuck," then through one of chromate of potassa, and finally
I

page_text: through a particular bath of alum, logwood, Brazil wood, and precipitated
indigo, thus four baths were used; but according to this method of
dyeing a like "Havanna brown" is dyed with two baths.
A sufficient quantity of the combined "mecaptane" or "patent
colour," as it is herein-after called, is dissolved in warm water, then the
tissue is immersed and well stirred; after this it is conveyed into a
"hand warm" bath consisting of (one part of chromate of potassa, and
two parts of sulphate of iron; in this bath the tissue remains about three
hours, then it is taken out, washed, and dried.
The primative composition of the "patent colours" causes them to
be precipitated in their solution by the salts and acids of the heavy
metals, likewise by the organic acids, and upon this fact is based the
use of but two baths in dyeing with the "patent colours."
1
The following salts are best qualified for our new dyeing process,
common salts, sulphate of soda, bicarbonate of soda, yellow prussiate of 1
potash, sesqui-ferrocyanate of potash, iodide of potassium, arseniate of
natron, chloride of calcium, salamoniac and tartar.
"
When the "patent colours are employed in combination with aniline
colours but one bath is necessary, consisting of patent colour, common
salt and nigrosin, and according to the quantity of the three above 2
named compounds, viz., patent colour, alcalious salt, and aniline, any
shade can be obtained, and the process is the same for wool, silk, linen,
or cotton, and also tissues of mixed stuffs, consisting partly of cotton and
wool, wool and silk, or wool and linen, which according to this process
are dyed completely and equally with one bath.
The bath consists either in " patent colour" alone or in
"
" patent
colour and one alcalious salt, or in "patent colour," and aniline, or in
'patent colour," one alcalious salt and aniline.
"
2
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lomax and William
Atherton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 25th February 1875.
We, JOHN LOMAX, of Leyland, near Preston, Manager, and WILLIAM
ATHERTON, of Preston, aforesaid, Machine Maker, both in the County
of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, first, to pattern chains used in looms for
weaving fancy or pattern fabrics, and consists in an improved mode
of fastening the snugs, knobs, buttons, or projections to the cross lags
or bars forming the links of the chain carried and travelled by the
ordinary chain wheels.
Instead of placing the snugs or knobs in square holes in the lags or
bars and fastening each by a screw fitted to a screwed hole in the snug
we make circular holes in the lags or bars and fit into them round pins
or projections at the bottoms of the snugs, and hold the snugs firmly to
the bars by a rod, which passes through a hole in each round pin or

page_text: projection, and also through snugs or projections at each end of each
lag or bar, and is kept in its place by a pin, bolt, or key.
Another part of our improvements consist in the employment of
springs connected to treadles worked by the pattern chain, thereby
preventing any strain on the healds and warps.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SACCHARINE SOLUTIONS
Year: 1875

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd February 1875.-A communication from abroad by Léon
Marot, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SACCHARINE SOLUTIONS,” a
communication to. me from abroad by Léon Marot, of Paris, in the
Republic of France, to be as follows:
This Invention relates to the treatment of saccharine solutions so as
to effect what is known as their defection, in order that the subsequent
processes employed for obtaining sugar therefrom may be more efficiently
effected, and it consists in firstly raising the saccharine solutions to a
boiling temperature, and then adding thereto or bringing the same in
admixture in another vessel with a solution of lime or baryta, and then
adding an alkali, either soda, potash, or ammonia, the same being by
preference free from carbonates. The precipitate thus formed is
collected and the saccharine solution is separated therefrom either by
filtration or by pressure; any lime which may remain in the solution as

page_text: "
saccharate of lime may be separated by any of the processes in use, viz*.,
by carbonating or otherwise.
It is advisable not to conduct the foregoing operation in copper
vessels as the ammonia acts upon them, and for that reason I prefer
wooden apparatus heated by means of a steam coil. These vessels may b
be surmounted with a hood or dome, so that the ammonia disengaged by
the lime from the solution may be collected.
· The proportions I have found to give good results for 1,000 parts of a
saccharine solution, beet root juice for example, are about from 2 to 3
parts of ammonia marking 22°, and from about 3 to 4 parts of lime, by 1
preference dissolved in the juice or in the saccharine solution, so as to
form a sucrate of lime. It is evident that the basis before referred to
need not necessarily be in the state of sucrate, but may be employed
either as caustic alkaline earths, or as salts of the same: The saccharine
solution or juice thus treated may be submitted to the ordinary treatment 1
adopted in sugar refineries, in order that sugar may be obtained there-
from.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WIRING BONNEt and Hat Shapes
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ephrem Gaudeau at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd June
1875.
I, EPHREM GAUDEAU, of Pentonville Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WIRING BONNEt and Hat Shapes,” to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved mode or method of securing
the wire round the edges of bonnet and hat shapes, whereby greater
economy of labor is obtained with increased durability, and a more
sightly and neat appearance than by the usual method of securing the
wire.
According to this Invention it is proposed to secure the bonnet wire
in its place by the aid of machine stitching produced by any arm
sewing machine, such for example as that known as the "Thomas' "
machine. The edge of the material of which the "shape" is composed
is first cut or nicked a short distance down in two or more places, and

page_text: the shape.
In order to accomodate and guide the wire a groove or channel may
be made in the cloth plate of the machine or in the under side of the
presser foot.
IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING GAS LAMPS & BURNERS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Chiverton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th March 1875.
I, EDMUND CHIVERTON, of Middle Street, Southsea, in the County of
Hants, Gas Inspector, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING GAS LAMPS & BURNERS,"
to be as follows :-
"
The Invention embraces a box or case with two diaphragms therein,
one larger than the other, and weights tending or acting to depress them,
but of such amount that when a comparatively low pressure is applied,
neither of the diaphragms, or only the smaller or lower one of the two,
will be lifted, but that when a maximum pressure of gas is" on or a
certain intended pressure is exceeded, both the diaphragms and their
weights will be lifted, and the motion thereof will mechanically open
one gas pipe or passage and close another, both of which passages are
fed from the under side of the lower or smaller diaphragm. One of these
pipes or passages leads to the burner proper, herein-after called main
burner, and the other to a smaller or auxiliary burner, one or the other
(but not both together) being intended to be constantly burning. The

page_text: passage to the main burner is the one to be opened, and that to the
auxiliary burner to be closed by the high or maximum pressure referred
to; and the relative sizes of and weights upon the upper and lower
diaphragms respectively are so proportioned as to retain the passage
ways to the burners in the open and closed positions as above stated
respectively, notwithstanding that some reduction of the maximum or
high pressure takes place, and indeed until it is reduced to or below an
intended degree of lower pressure, when the upper diaphragm with its
load will fall, and the passage to the main burner will be closed and
that to the auxiliary burner be opened.
It is to be understood that the above statement is not to exclude the
use of springs instead of weights, nor the expressions "depress," "under
side," "fall," and such like expressions, to excludo the arrangement of
the apparatus in any other than a vertical position.
The apparatus is sometimes to be constructed with and sometimes
without governors or regulators of any suitable ordinary or approved
description, applied internally or externally, for equalizing or regulating
the consumption at the main burner.
The Invention is contemplated as specially applicable to the simul-
taneously lighting or extinguishing the main burners of a number of
street or other lamps by a simple alteration of pressure in the main, the
apparatus being applied to each lamp or main burner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PILING CLOTHS AND SOFT GOODS, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Llewellyn Brown at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 6th March 1875.
I, GEORGE LLEWELLYN BROWN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PILING CLOTHS AND SOFT GOODS, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED
THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention which relates to improvements in piling cloths and
other soft goods in warehouses, has for its object to facilitate the removal
or taking out from a pile any piece or bundle at whatever part of the
pile it may be situated, which under the existing systems of piling goods
cannot be effected without taking off those parts of the pile which are
above and resting upon the piece or bundle required. Considerable
economy of space in warehousing goods is also effected, and the injury
done to the goods in the act of taking down the piles is avoided whilst
facility is effected for dusting and cleansing the goods.
The Invention consists of a peculiar construction of rack which is
adjustable, The rack is composed of a strong bar to which one or

page_text: more uprights of any desired length is or are securely attached. Through
the uprights horizontal holes at equal distances and at right angles or
nearly so to one another are formed, and into them stout bars of wood or
metal are placed, these bars projecting to any required distance through
the holes form the supports on which the goods rest. The bars are
removable and may be placed into any of the holes, according to the
dimensions of the piece or bundle of goods.
In place of the foregoing construction the horizontal bars may be
formed with eyes or holes at the centre which surround the uprights, in
which case the uprights are provided with small holes to receive set pins,
by which the cross bars may be adjusted to any desired position in the
uprights. When there is more than one upright, say two, three, or
four, for example, they are tied together at the top for the sake of
steadiness.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY SCREENS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Brinsmead at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
August 1875.
I, HENRY BRINSMEAD, of Ipswich, in the County of Suffolk, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ROTARY SCREENS," to be as follows:-
In the Specification of a former Patent granted to me and Jeremiah
Lawrence, No. 1630, in the year 1859, was described a rotary screen
composed of two screen cylinders caused to rotate together and act as
one rotating screen. One cylinder was of somewhat less diameter than
the other, and according as the inner screen was placed more or less
eccentric to the other so were the spaces between the wires of the
screening surface at the under side of the screen enlarged or decreased.
The screen so made was self-cleaning, as the wires of the two cylinders
at the upper part of the screen moved away from one another owing to
the difference in diameter of the two screens.
According to my present Invention I form a rotating screen of two
avlindows eccentric to one another as above described and T

page_text: construct each of the two screen cylinders of helices of wire attached to
a suitable number of spiral springs mounted upon supporting bars, and
attached to iron heads at the ends of the screen, after the manner of the
screen known as Penny's, and described in the Specification of a Patent,
No. 379, in the year 1860, so that in place of varying the gauge of the
screen by setting the two cylinders more or less eccentric to one another,
as described in the Specification No. 1630 above mentioned, the spaces
between the wires may be increased or diminished by moving the heads
towards or away from one another, and expanding or contracting the
springs as in Penny's screen. By this means I am enabled to construct
a rotary screen which is not only self-cleaning, but which possesses also
a far greater range of adjustment than self-cleaning screens as heretofore
constructed.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO BURNERS FOR LIGHTING PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO BURNERS FOR LIGHTING
PURPOSES."-A communication from abroad by Alfred Nobel, of
Paris, in the Republic of France.
Sealed the 9th July 1875, and dated the 14th January 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATON left by the said Henry Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 14th January 1875.
I, HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 60, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO BURNERS FOR
LIGHTING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in adapting to burners for consuming gas, oil,
liquid hydrocarbons, or other combustible liquid or fluid accessories or

page_text: appendages, whereby the air for supporting combustion may be highly
heated before being supplied to the flame.
In carrying out the Invention the illuminating flame is made to heat
a volume of air supplied under pressure to a tube or tubular vessel,
from which it issues from a suitable jet, and is made to impinge on the
flame. By this means the intensity of the light is greatly increased,
and the atoms of carbon are more effectually consumed.
As an example of the mode of carrying out this Invention the burner
is surmounted by a chimney composed of two tubes of some refractory
material, and arranged concentrically one within the other, the space
between them being filled with sand, asbestos, or other non-conducting
material, which will prevent the loss of heat by radiation. Arranged
centrally within this chimney is another tube or tubular chamber, which
is supplied at the top end with compressed air, which escapes from a jet
at the lower end and impinges on the flame. At the lower end of this
tube is a piece of lime, porcelain, or other refractory substance, against
which the flame from the burner impinges, and by its high temperature
raises this refractory substance to a white heat. As the heated gases
from the flame pass up the chimney and surround the tubular air
chamber the heat is communicated thereto, and the compressed air as it
issues from the jet will be supplied to the flame in a highly heated
state.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Mitchell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th October 1875.
I, HENRY EDWARD MITCHELL, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex,
Saw and Tool Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the checking of any undue lateral
canting or tilting of the sole of the skate on the rollers, and the
ensuring of a direct bearing upon the axles of the front and rear rollers
immediately beneath the ball of the foot and the heel respectively.
According to my Invention I employ an oval loop check ring and
perpendicular guard, the guard being screwed or otherwise secured to
the side of the said check ring, and the ring being made to turn slightly
on an inclined axis so as to allow of sufficient lateral cant of the sole,
whilst at the same time any excess of cant will be checked or prevented
by the contact of one or other side of the ring with the fixed bracket
which passes through it. The guard is situate immediately under the
heel and the ball of the foot, and is disposed perpendicularly in lieu of

page_text: as heretofore obliquely, hence the weight is exerted more directly upon
the axles of the rollers. An india-rubber or metal spring is introduced
between the guard and the check ring in order to restore the sole to its
normal position and maintain it therein when not subjected to lateral
angular strains.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY TO BE USED FOR DYEING, SCOURING, BLEACHING, AND MANUFACTURING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE TISSUES AND FIBRES, AND FOR OBTAINING PRODUCTS FROM SUCH TISSUES AND FIBRES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Copley and William
Jennings at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 7th September 1875.
We, JAMES COPLEY, of the Town of Nottingham, Analytical Chemist,
and WILLIAM JENNINGS, of the same Town, Lace Dresser, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
TO BE USED FOR DYEING, SCOURING, BLEACHING, AND MANUFACTURING ANIMAL AND
VEGETABLE TISSUES AND FIBRES, AND FOR OBTAINING PRODUCTS FROM SUCH TISSUES
AND FIBRES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery to be
used for dyeing, scouring, bleaching, and manufacturing animal and
vegetable tissues and fibres, and for obtaining products from such tissues
and fibres.
Our improvement consists of a cage inside the kier capable of partial
or complete revolution as may be found most convenient. The axis of
this is a perforated metallic tube passing at the top of the kier through
a stuffing box, and rotating at the bottom in a cone, through which
superheated steam is admitted, and the steam passes through the per-

page_text: forated axis into the centre of the mass of the goods in the cage. The
bars of the cage are perforated tubes connected with the axis from which
superheated steam issues. Superheated steam is also admitted near the
bottom of the kier and distributed throughout the body of the kier by
means of perforated pipes fixed beneath the cage. We obtain a vacuum
in the kier by the condensation of the superheated steam, which vacuum
draws solutions of soda, soap, chlorido of lime and other scouring,
bleaching, and dyeing solutions from tanks connected to the kier by
pipes fitted with stop-cocks. Or we may force the solution into the kier
by an injector.
The articles to be operated upon are introduced into the cage inside
the kier through the man-hole, which is firmly closed. The various
solutions are drawn into the kier as required by the vacuum, or forced
in by the injector. Superheated steam issues into the mass of the goods
through the perforated axis and bars of the cage. Superheated steam is
also forced upwards through the cage and solution from the perforated
pipe beneath the cage; the cage during this process revolves either
partially or wholly as may be found most convenient.
The safety valve of the kier is so weighted as to give a pressure of
10 pounds or more per square inch. After the goods have been treated
in this manner the liquid is forced out of the kier by steam pressure and
the steam allowed to condense, and the vacuum thus produced draws the
other solutions into the kier and the process is repeated.
This apparatus may be made to work horizontally or vertically.
AN IMPROVED ELECTRIC PILE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Cerpaux at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
December 1875.
I, JULES CERPAUX, of Rue de la Prairie, No. 33, at Saint Josse-ten-
Noode-lez, Bruxelles (Belgium), Mechanician, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED ELECTRIC PILE," to be as
follows:-
My improved electric pile is formed as follows:-I unite a certain
number of plates of copper and zinc or other metals having similar
properties, and separate them by a lath of wood or other suitable non-
conducting material. I immerse these plates in damp sand or earth, or
I put them in a gaseous place; an electric current is thus immediately
produced.
If urine, a little chloride of sodium in solution, or other analogous
material be poured upon this sand or earth, a very intense current is
obtained which can be increased at will.
In order to obtain the strength desired several piles may be connected
annnnoted an athartice

page_text: The most favorable positions for this improved pile are urinals,
waterclosets, and other like places where it supplies itself; or impreg-
nated earth may be placed in a suitable vessel insulated from the
ground, and the plates may be immersed therein. Again in the open
country a small piece of ground may be watered and a like result is
obtained. Again if desired, acids such as have been hitherto employed
may be used as well as graphite and peroxide of manganese. Impreg-
nated earth in the state of paste will produce its effects for a long time;
it suffices after a certain lapse of time to pour liquid upon it.
One advantageous form of my improved pile is flat. Between the
zinc and copper plates which face each other is a lath of wood to
prevent them touching; the plates are inserted vertically in the earth so
as to project about two inches. It is always necessary that the two
conducting wires leave the earth perfectly insulated. They may then-
be distributed according to the purposes for which the apparatus is
intended.
Another advantageous form of my improved plate is round, the copper
and zinc plates being united at the centre, the former by a piece of
copper, the latter by a piece of zinc separated by wood. This pile is
inserted horizontally in the earth and from its centre a perpendicular
tube of copper is carried with an internal rod of zinc, these two metals
being insulated by a gutta percha tube.
A third form of my improved pile is annular, it differs from the first
form described only by its annular form. The copper is insulated
from the zinc by blocks of wood placed about an inch apart, more or
less.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BISCUITS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert William Hart at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd October 1875.
I, HERBERT WILLIAM HART, of Sackville Street, Piccadilly, in the
County of Middlesex, Professor of Dietetics, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BISCUITS," to be as
follows:-
The said Invention relates to the manufacture of biscuits which
contain the beneficial properties of tea, coffee, chocolate, or other similar
stimulants, and which are designed to be used under circumstances
where it is not convenient or desirable to have such substances prepared
in their usual liquid form.
In practising my Invention I take a suitable quantity of whole meal,
or meal containing all the nutritious properties of wheat, and mix
therewith eggs, butter, sugar, and milk. To this mixture I add a strong
decoction of tea or other stimulant; the strength and quantity of this
decoction should be sufficient to give to the biscuit a strong flavour
of the tea, coffee, chocolate, or other strengthening or stimulating

page_text: ingredients used. The said biscuits may be made of any suitable size or
form, and are baked with great care to prevent the loss of the tea or
other extract or decoction by evaporation or otherwise, and when
baked they are carefully packed to preserve their strength and flavour.
These biscuits when properly made and baked will be found capable of
imparting to the system all the beneficial effects sought to be obtained
by the use of liquid tea, coffee, chocolate, or the like, without the
debilitating action of so much hot liquid upon the digestive and nervous
systems. The said Invention will therefore be of great value to persons
travelling and to others whose occupation or other circumstances make
it impossible or inconvenient for them to obtain tea, coffee, or the like,
in the ordinary form, but who through custom or otherwise require the
stimulative action of these substances at certain periods.
It will be observed that my Invention does not relate to the simple
flavouring of biscuits with essences or extracts, but to the manufacture
of biscuits which have in them the tea or other stimulant so combined
or incorporated with the particles of the meal and other ingredients that
the said biscuits, when properly made and baked, not only have the
flavour but the active or essential principles of the tea or other
stimulative substance which when taken into the system by the process
of digestion will be more beneficially effective than if taken in the
ordinary form. And the said Invention will be found of great benefit
to invalids and others who cannot take liquid tea because of its injurous
action upon the digestion and nerves, but who might be greatly
benefitted by the gently stimulative action of tea if that could be
obtained without the after injurious effect occasioned by the use of the
same in a liquid form. And for this purpose the strength of the tea
extract or decoction may be varied to afford more or less of the stimulative
action as desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING FREE CHLORINE FROM CHLORIDES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Donald Dow and James Telfer
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 3rd September 1875.
We, DONALD Dow and JAMES TELFER, both of Glasgow, in the County
of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING FREE CHLORINE FROM CHLORIDES,"
to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention relates to improvements in obtaining free chlorine
from chlorides generally, and more especially from the chlorides of
manganese and the alkalies.
In treating chlorides of manganese the chlorine residues (consisting
of manganese chloride with excess of hydrochloric acid) is either
evaporated to dryness and mixed with manganese deoxide and nitric
acid, or the manganese oxide and nitric acid may be added to the liquor
consisting of chloride of manganese with excess of hydrochloric acid.
All the chlorine under either of these modes of treatment being given
off, the residue consisting of nitrate and oxide of manganese is evaporated

page_text: and heated when the nitrate of manganese is decomposed, the fumes or
gases given off in the process being passed into suitable apparatus,
wherein they are condensed and form nitric acid, which is employed in
treating fresh quantities of the chlorine residue. Black oxide of man-
ganese remains in the vessel after the nitric acid fumes have passed off,
which substance may be mixed with hydrochloric acid, and again
employed in obtaining chlorine, as hercin-before described.
In obtaining chlorine from the alkalies according to this Invention,
the chloride of the alkali is mixed with nitric acid and oxide of man-
ganese, and after the chlorine has passed off the residue consisting of
nitrate of the alkali and nitrate and oxide of manganese is evaporated
and heated till all the nitrate of manganese is decomposed; the nitrate
of the alkali is then separated by lixiviation.
The proportions which it is preferred to employ in practising this
Invention are equal weights of the chlorides with oxide of manganese
and with twice the weight of the mixture of nitric acid, having a
specific gravity of about 1.33 degrees; but although these are the
proportions preferred to be used, it is to be understood that any other
suitable proportions may be adopted.
IMPROVED MODES OF SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bradley Files Moscrop
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 8th March 1875.
I, THOMAS BRADLEY FILES MOSCROP, of the City of Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said. Invention for "IMPROVED MODES OF SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object the giving of signals to the guards
and drivers of railway trains from a station, junction, crossing, or any
other required place, and also for giving a signal from the guards and
drivers to the station masters or other railway servants.
At the station or other required place I employ a signal lamp having
in the case a hole or opening and on it a sliding plate which can shut off
the light or allow it to be seen as required, the sliding plate being
connected by a chain or lever and rod to a double lever having a handle.
This double lever is connected by chains, rods, or wires to other double
levers placed at the sides of the rails at suitable distances apart along
the line for any required distance, and when the double lever at the

page_text: station is placed in one position all the others are in a similar position.
On the locomotive or guard's van or on both there is a lamp similar to
that at the station, and also an arm or lever which can come in contact
with one arm of the double levers when required, and when desired
bells, alarums, or any other description of signal may be used instead of
lamps.
When in foggy weather, extreme darkness, breakdown, or from any
other cause a signal has to be given to the guard and driver of the train
the station master or other servant places all the double levers in a
vertical position, so that the arm or lever on the locomotive or guard's
van can come in contact with the lever furthest from the station, and
place all the levers in an inclined position, and at the same time give
motion to the sliding plate on the lamp on the locomotive or guard's
van, and thereby uncover the hole and give light to serve as a signal;
and these operations may be repeated as many times as required.
When the driver or guard has to give a signal to the station or other
required place it is only necessary for one or the other to work the levers
to and fro to cover and uncover the light, and in both cases signals are
given when bells or alarums are used instead of lamps.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bashley Britten at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
November 1875.
I, BASHLEY BRITTEN, of Red Hill, in the County of Surry, Gentle-
man, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS," to be as follows:-
--
My Invention relates to a process for manufacturing glass effected in
such a manner as to economise fuel, and to obtain the requisite silicious
ingredient in a nearly pure state, and in a cheap or convenient form
from flint stones, fragments or blocks of quartz, sand stone, or other
suitable mineral, instead of the sand or comminuted silica commonly
used. For this purpose I cause a bed or pile of the silicious stone or
fragments to be heated in a suitable tank or vessel to the temperature
required, and upon this mass I introduce a more or less continuous
supply of the necessary fluxing ingredients. On coming in contact with
the heated stone the flux is rapidly dispersed over or through the
interstices and dissolves the surfaces of silicious matter exposed,
combining therewith and becoming glass in a fluid state, which as it

page_text: is formed runs off into a receptacle provided, from which it may be
withdrawn or worked as required. The fluxing ingredients which I
employ are the same as those in common use for making glass, and vary
with the quality of glass to be produced.
In order to operate conveniently I sometimes prefer to use a tank or
vessel having its floor sloping down to a deepened part or well, wherein
the glass may collect as it runs from the stones. By keeping up a
proper supply of the ingredients the above process may be rendered
more or less continuous.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR TREATING OLEAGINOUS SEEDS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William King at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
November 1875.-A communication from abroad by Alfred B.
Lawther, of Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM KING, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Seed
Crusher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR TREATING OLEAGINOUS SEEDS," a
communication to me from abroad by Alfred B. Lawther, of Chicago,
Illinois, United States of America (to be as follows) :—
The object of this Invention is to provide apparatus or appliances
suitable for mixing, moistening, and heating flax seed, linseed, and other
oleaginous seeds after they have been crushed, and preparatory to
putting the same into presses.
In carrying the said Invention into practice I employ a pan or
crushed seed container, by preference jacketted by steam or otherwise
heated, in combination with a hollow revolving arm or arms, through
which steam is passed for mixing and moistening the said seeds.