A PROCESS OF DECOLORIZING ALBUMEN EXTRACTED FROM THE RED BLOOD OF ANIMALS.
Year: 1866

page_text: *: LETTERS PATENT to Augustin Bernard, of Paris, in the Department of
the Seine, France; Householder, for the Invention of "A PROCESS OF
DECOLORIZING ALBUMEN EXTRACTED FROM THE RED BLOOD OF ANIMALS.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Augustin Bernard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
April 1866.
I, AUGUSTIN BERNARD, of Paris, in the Department of the Seine, France,
5 Householder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
PROCESS OF DECOLORIZING ALBUMEN EXTRACTED FROM THE RED BLOOD OF ANIMALS,"
'to be as follows:-
The albumen exists in the red blood of animals under the same conditions
as in the eggs of fowls, and the object of my Invention is to extract the same
O and to obtain it in its pure state and free from color. In order to isolate or
separate the particles and globules of albumen from the coating of blood and
.bile by which they are enveloped it is first beaten or whipped up into froth,
and after this process of decortication it is mixed with equal parts or with one-
third more of hot or cold water and again well beaten. This first operation
5 is effected under the following conditions:-The water and the albumen
in equal proportions, or with one-third more of water, whether hot or cold, and
with one-twentieth part of solution of chlorine (eau chlorée) is put into close
dark vessels or receivers. The froth which is obtained by the beating of this

page_text: liquid mass is received into a second vessel, likewise dark and closed, and
placed upon a hearth or water bath, which must maintain the temperature in
the vessel at 40 degrees centigrade above zero, in order to prevent the albumen
from coagulating and drying up too much. For this purpose thermometers
are attached to the lid of the vessel reaching into the vessel.
After this first operation the mass obtained is again treated as at first, but
without the further addition of water, and the froth is allowed to fall into a
hopper fixed over a set of sieves placed one above another to the number of
eight or more. The froth poured into the hopper percolates from sieve to
sieve, and clears itself by this mode of filtration, and the albumen attaches
itself to the sides of the sieves and to the frames in the shape of stalactites
bleached white and without having been deprived of any of its properties.
Currents of hot air and of pure chlorine are caused to pass through the vessels
containing the albumen, and by their bleaching properties they remove the
last trace of coloring or foreign matter which might deteriorate the albumen.
After these several operations the process of drying or desiccation is com-
pleted by putting the albumen again in close black vessels, from which the
rays of light are excluded; into suitable drying stoves, which latter are always
maintained at a temperature below 45 degrees.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Augustin Bernard in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
26th October 1866. .
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, AUGUSTIN
BERNARD, of Paris, in the Department of the Seine, France, Householder,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Augustin Bernard, Her special licence that I, the said Augustin Bernard,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Augustin Bernard, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A PROCESE

page_text: OF DECOLORISING ALBUMEN EXTRACTED FROM THE RED BLOOD OF ANIMALS," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Augustin Bernard, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or. one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Augustin Bernard, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-.
This Invention consists in a novel system of or process for extracting,
purifying, and decolorising or bleaching the albumen contained in the red
blood of animals in which it exists under the same conditions as in the eggs
of fowls. In order to arrive at the desired result it is in the first place
necessary to isolate or separate the particles and globules of albumen contained
in the blood by whipping or beating it into froth, whereby the said globules
are freed from the coatings of blood and bile by which they are envelopped.
After this process of decortication it is mixed with an equal quantity or with
one-third more of water, either cold or tepid, and again well beaten. This
beating or whipping of the blood and water into froth takes place in closed
dark vessels, after one-twentieth part by weight of solution of chlorine has been
added to it. The froth produced by the beating is received into a second
vessel, likewise closed and dark, which is placed upon a hearth or water bath,
by which the required temperature is maintained in the vessel. This tempe..
rature is about 40° centigrade above zero, but it can be regulated according
to circumstances, and may require to be lowered to prevent the albumen from
coagulating or from drying up too much, for this object thermometers are
fitted into the lids or covers of the receivers, reaching into and above the
receivers or vessels.
After this first operation the mass obtained is again treated in the same
manner, but without any further addition of water, although a certain quantity
of solution of chlorine may be added if required. The froth which is now
produced is allowed to flow into a funnel fixed over a set of sieves ranged one
above the other to the number of eight or more; or, if preferred, a number of
filters may be employed and placed above each other instead of the sieves.
As the froth melts the liquid percolates from sieve to sieve and clears itself
by the filtration, and the albumen attaches itself to the sides of the sieves in

page_text: the shape of stalactites, and finally accumulates and coagulates at the bottom
of the vessel after being freed of the water and the gases used for clearing and
bleaching it. During 'this clearing process a current of hot air is admitted to
the vessels containing the albumen, and likewise a current of pure chlorine,
which latter by its decolorizing or bleaching power removes the last traces of
coloring, or of blood or bile, which might impair the properties of the albumen:
Instead of chlorine, currents of oxigen gas or of hydrogen gas may be used.
After, or in the course of the above-described operations, the albumen is to
be dried or dessicated by heating the vessels in which it is contained, and which
as before stated, must be closed and dark, and sheltered from the rays of light,
by means of hot air, or by placing them upon or into suitable ovens or stoves,
the temperature of which is maintained at about 45° centigrade.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same may be carried into effect, I wish it to be understood that I
do not confine or restrict myself to the precise details herein set forth, as the
same may be varied or modified without departing from the principle of my
novel system or process; but what I do claim as the Invention to be secured
to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the system or
process for extracting, purifying, and decolorising the albumen contained in
the red blood of animals, substantially as described.
In' witness whereof, I, the said Augustin Bernard, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of October, in the
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
year
A. BERNARD. (L.S.)