Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 27th June, 1887
Complete Left, 27th Mar., 1888
Complete Accepted, 4th May, 1888
1, WILLIAM GOLDING, of Britannia Works, Yarburgh Street, Moss Side, Manchester,
Bicycle and Tricycle Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
This invention relates firstly to modifications in the arrangement of the pedal
mechanism for operating the driving wheels of velocipedes as set forth in my
specification No. 1304, 27th Jany. 1887. In the said specification a pedal mechanism
is described consisting of a rod carrying a pedal at one end and connected by a bearing
at the other end to a crank pin upon which it is free to turn. The pedal rod is
supported and controlled by a link pivotted to it and to the framework above it. The
crank referred to is rigidly attached to the driving wheel axle, and the gearing up is
effected by sun and planet gear.
In the modification now to be described a similar pedal rod and link are employed,
the link being also attached in the same manner, but instead of the crank to which the
pedal rod is connected being upon the axle of the driving wheel it is supported and
has bearings upon a stud fixed in the fork side or framework on each side of the
machine in the vicinity of the axle of the driving wheel. The boss of each crank
carries with it upon the same bearing a spur wheel which gears with another spur
wheel upon the axle of the driving wheel.
Secondly: In order to change the spur wheel carried by the crank so as to vary
the relative proportions of speed and power to suit varying conditions of roads &c. the
stud which carries the crank and its attached spur wheel is adjustable along a slot in
the fork side by means of a fixed collar, thread and nut, by which it may be clamped
in position in the slot nearer or further from the axle of the driving wheel according
to the diameter of the spur wheels employed.
Thirdly it relates to a modification of the head or hinge of a tricycle having one
central rear driving wheel and two front steering supporting wheels described in
the said specification.
As therein described and claimed the head or hinge carrying the inclined steering
centres is on the longitudinal central line of the tricycle underneath and supported by the

page_text: curved or arched axle bar connecting the two front wheels. The modification I now
describe consists of advancing such head or hinge forward of the common axial line of
the two front wheels so that they may be in effect trailed behind the head (which is
the point receiving the impulse from the driving wheel through the framework) instead
of being pushed before it. This is effected by curving the cross axle-bar forward as
well as upward and supporting by its means the head which consists preferably of a
tube attached at its upper end to the cross axle bar and carrying within it the steering
centres of the tricycle.
The fourth head of my invention relates to a modification and special application of
the adjustable ball socket joint for velocipede heads described in my specification
No. 8049, 1886. I now apply this joint to the bearings of the oscillating links or
restraining arms which support and control the pedal rods. The links are constructed
with a cross piece at each end. These fit into corresponding recesses in brackets
attached respectively to the framework and to the pedal rods. The ends of the
crosspieces and the corresponding face of one side of the recesses in the brackets have
hemispherical or conical cavities cut into them. In the opposite face of the recess a
hole is drilled and tapped in which is inserted a screw threaded pin similar to a bicycle
head pin also having a corresponding cavity cut in the inner end. In certain cases
the threaded pin is employed in both sides of the recess. Hardened steel spheres of a
suitable size are fitted into the cavities, one in each, so that about half of each ball
bears in the cavity in the bracket or in the cavity in the end of the threaded pin in
the bracket and the other half bears in the corresponding cavity in the end of the
crosspiece terminating the link or restraining arm. The threaded pins allow the
bearings to be adjusted and are fixed in position by a lock nut.
The fifth head of my invention relates to means for decreasing the opposing pressure
of head winds upon the rider or for more easily cleaving the air when travelling at
speed such as in racing &c. It has been proved that the resistance of the air increases
directly as the square of the velocity of the moving body and it may be taken that the
main resistance experienced in racing under favorable circumstances is due to air
resistance. The principal part of this is caused by the compression of the air by the
body of the rider, the compressed air being in the shape of a prism with its base
against the body of the rider and varying in extent according to the velocity. A large
amount of the muscular energy of the rider is thus expended in maintaining a cushion
of compressed air in front of him. The means I employ for avoiding this and so
increasing the velocity, is a light wedge shaped air cutter preferably constructed of
light tubing and canvas. It is carried in front of the rider supported by the
framework or by the steering rod of the velocipede or by both. In operation it lessens
the quantity of compressed air in front by throwing it off laterally.
Dated this Twenty fourth day of June 1887.

page_text: Improvements in Velocipedes.
1, WILLIAM GOLDING, of Britannia Works, Yarburgh Street, Moss Side, Manchester,
Bicycle and Tricycle Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
:-
This invention relates firstly to modifications in the arrangement of the pedal
mechanism for operating the driving wheels of velocipedes as set forth in my specifi-
cation No. 1304, 27th January 1887. In the said specification a pedal mechanism is
described consisting of a rod carrying a pedal at one end and connected by a
bearing at the other end to a crank-pin upon which it is free to turn. The pedal rod
is supported and controlled by a link pivotted to it and to the frame above it. The
crank referred to is rigidly attached to the driving wheel axle, and the gearing-up is
.effected by sun and planet gear.
In the modification now to be described a similar pedal rod and link are employed,
the link being also attached in the same manner, but instead of the crank to which
the pedal rod is connected being upon the axle of the driving wheel, it is supported
and has bearings upon a stud fixed in the fork side or framework on each side of the
machine, in the vicinity of the axle of the driving wheel. The boss of each crank
carries with it upon the same bearing a spur wheel which gears with another spur
wheel upon the axle of the driving wheel.
Figs. 1, 3, and 4 of the accompanying drawings represent these parts in detail.
Fig. 1 shews the pedal mechanism with the crank and gear wheels connected in
position with a rear driving safety bicycle. The pedal rod C C carries the pedal P at
one end, is pivotted at the other end to the crank b, and is supported and controlled
by the link 7, 1, which latter is jointed at one end to the pedal rod and at the other
to the framework of the machine above it.
The crank b is fitted to revolve upon a stud rigidly fixed in the fork B. This
arrangement with the attached gear wheels is represented in greater detail in figures 3
and 4. The spur wheel 1, rigidly fixed on the boss of the crank b by the screw t,
gears with the spur pinion 2 which is fixed on the axle of the driving wheel 3. The
whole arrangement is duplicated on the other side of the machine.
Secondly. In order to change the spur wheel carried by the crank so as to vary the
relative proportions of speed and power to suit varying conditions of roads &c., the
stud which carries the crank and its attached spur wheel is adjustable along a slot in
the fork side by means of a fixed collar, thread, and nut by which it may be clamped
in position in the slot nearer to or further from the axle of the driving wheel according
to the diameters of the spur wheels employed.
Figs. 3 and 4 illustrate the method of changing and adjusting the gear. The
pinion 2 is keyed or otherwise rigidly fixed to the axle of the driving wheel which
axle turns in bearings held by the bracket f which is fixed at f' to the extremity of
the fork-side B. A slot his formed in this bracket and the stud i (which carries

page_text: the crank o and the spur wheel 1) is in the SLI Its proper position
nut w.
Thirdly it relates to a modification of the head or hinge of a tricycle having one
central rear driving wheel and two front steering wheels described in the said specifi-
cation. As therein described and claimed the head or hinge carrying the inclined
steering centres is on the longitudinal central line of the tricycle underneath and
supported by the curved or arched cross axle bar connecting the two front wheels.
The modification I now describe consists of advancing such head or hinge forward
of the common axial line of the two front wheels so that they may be in effect trailed
behind the head (which is the point receiving the impulse from the driving wheel
through the framework) instead of being pushed before it. This is effected by curving
the cross axle bar forward as well as upward and supporting by its means the head
which consists preferably of a tube attached at its upper end to the cross axle bar and
carrying within it the steering centres of the tricycle.
Figs. 5 and 6 represent a tricycle such as described with the parts in position.
Fig. 5 is an elevation and fig. 6 a plan view. The cross axle bar e e carries at the
ends ff the bearings of the two front steering wheels. The axles g g of the latter
run loose in these bearings. The cross bar e e supports below it the head / which is
inclined backwards. This head carries within it the centres upon which the spindle
of the neck k turns so as to effect the steering. Owing to the upward and forward
curve of the cross axle bar as shewn in the figure these centres are in advance of the
common axial line of the two front wheels.
The method of supporting the head may be varied as for instance the cross axle
bar may be straight with its axis coinciding with the common axial line of the two
front wheels, and the head carried forward by a projecting bracket supported by the
cross axle, or by other analogous means.
The fourth head of my invention, see Fig. 2, relates to a modification and special
application of the adjustable ball socket joint for velocipede heads described in my
specification No. 8049, 1886. I now apply this joint to the bearings of the oscillating
links or restraining arms, which support and control the pedal rods. The links are
constructed with a cross piece o at each end. These fit into corresponding recesses in
brackets B and d d attached respectively to the framework D and to the pedal
rods c, c.
The ends of the cross pieces and the corresponding face of one side of the
recesses in the brackets have hemispherical or conical cavities cut in them. In the
opposite face of the recess a hole is drilled and tapped in which is inserted a screw-
threaded pin n, similar to a bicycle bead pin also having a corresponding cavity cut in
.the inner end. In certain cases the threaded pin is employed in both sides of the
recess. Hardened steel spheres S of a suitable size are fitted into the cavities, one in
each, so that about half of each ball bears in the cavity in the bracket or in the cavity
in the end of the threaded pin in the bracket, and the other half bears in the corre
sponding cavity in the end of the crosspiece terminating the link or restraining arm.
The threaded pins allow of adjustment and are fixed in position by a lock nut.
The fifth head of my invention relates to means for decreasing the opposing
pressure of head winds upon the rider of velocipedes or for more easily cleaving the
air when travelling at speed such as in racing &c. It has been proved that the
resistance of the air increases directly as the square of the velocity of the moving
body and it may be taken that the main resistance experienced in racing under
favorable circumstances is due to air resistance. The principal part of this is caused
by the compression of the air by the body of the rider, the compressed air being in
the shape of a prism, with its base against the body of the rider and varying in size
according to the velocity. A large amount of the muscular energy of the cyclist is
thus expended in maintaining a cushion of compressed air in front of him. The
means I employ, for avoiding this and so increasing the velocity is a light wedge
shaped air cutter preferably constructed of light steel tubing and canvas. It is
carried in front of the rider, supported by the framework or by the steering rod of the
velocipede or by both. In operation it lessens the quantity of compressed air in front
by throwing it off laterally.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. The combination of the Pedal mechanism (previously herein before described and
fully set forth in my specification No. 1304, 1887) with a crank and two spur wheels
in direct gear, for the propulsion of velocipedes, substantially as herein before described
and illustrated by Figures 1, 3, and 4.
2. The arrangement and method of fixing the crank and the attached spur wheel
so that the gear may be readily changeable as herein shewn and described.
3. In a tricycle having one central rear driving wheel with two front steering
wheels, the arrangement of the head or hinge so that it is fixed in advance of the
common axial line of the two front wheels, substantially as hereinbefore described
and illustrated by Figs. 5 and 6.
4. In a velocipede operated by levers controlled by links, the mechanism forming
an adjustable ball socket joint, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated
by Fig. 2.
5. As an attachment of velocipedes, a wedge shaped air-cutter, in the manner and
for the purpose hereinbefore described.
Dated this Tranter oirth day of Manch 1000