Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Mar., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 12th Dec., 1899-Accepted, 27th Jan., 1900
I, WILLIAM EATON, of Whitestake, near Preston, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
-
My invention has for its object to so improve the construction of injectors
that their action shall be more perfectly automatic than heretofore and also in
great part self regulating.
An injector constructed in accordance with my invention is very simple to
work, and I find by experimental use that the amount of waste or overflow is
minimised, and that a single valve or cock is sufficient to control the device.
Varying quantities of water may be fed with one setting, by altering the quantity
of steam supplied.
As will be seen hereafter the improved action of my device partly depends on
taking advantage to a greater extent than hitherto of the difference of elasticity
between air and water.
The greatest length of my injector preferably lies horizontally. It is mainly
composed of a hollow casting having suitable diaphragms or divisions cast in one
with it so as to divide it into three main compartments. The first compartment
at one end carries the steam nozzle whose converging end passes completely across
it. Adjacent to the steam nozzle is the water supply pipe which enters the first
chamber from below. I provide a combined lifting and concentrating cone, here-
after termed the combined cone, which lies across the middle compartment and
which has, preferably at its top, an opening or slot communicating with said
middle compartment. A port is provided between the middle and third
compartment and this port is provided with a lifting or other valve,
which when open allows a flow from said middle compartiment to the third
compartment. The combined cone above mentioned is continued in the form of a
separate delivery cone whose outer end projects through the extreme end of the
third compartment. There is a through way in the combined cone and delivery
cone and their adjacent ends abut against each other so as to form a true fit.
At the place where they join the bore is suddenly enlarged so as to form a short
cylindrical chamber, and this chamber is one of the chief features of my inven-
tion. A series of small snifting holes is provided around the circumference of the
chamber and these perforations open into the third compartment, which is of con-
siderably larger size than usual.
The mode of action is as follows.
Supposing my injector to be coupled up in position for lifting and feeding water
to a boiler. To start the action the steam cock is opened and this allows steam
to issue from the steam nozzle whose free end enters the combined cone. This
flow of steam induces an influx of air up the water supply pipe, and the combined
stream of steam and air enter the combined cone, and, the pressure therein rising
in consequence, the valve lifts and allows the mixture to escape into the port,
and thence through the third chamber to the overflow pipe.

page_text: Owing to the low specific gravity of the mixture of steam and air, it does not
attain sufficient moving inertia to overcome the boiler pressure, and as it tends
to expand in every direction the valve is lifted with the above described result.
Some portions of the stream of air and steam are carried through the, combined
cone as far as the perforated chamber above mentioned, and these escape into the
third compartment and thence to the overflow pipe. This action continues until
the water supply pipe has been emptied of air and, the water rising therein enters
the combined cone. Owing to the greater specific gravity of the water and its
lesser elasticity it does not tend to expand to the same extent as did the air, but
coming within the inductive influence of the steam issuing from the steam nozzle
it acquires sufficient momentum to overcome the boiler pressure, and is fed
thereinto.
The effect of the entrance of water instead of air into the combined cone con-
centrates the pressure about the central axis and as the pressure in the surround-
jug portions of the middle compartiment is lessened, the valve closes, its closing
being accelerated by the pressure of the air in the third chamber. It may some-
times happen that an excess of water entors the combined cone in proportion to
the steam passing, and in that case the valve will lift and allow a portion of
it to run to waste. As soon as the proper ratio for feeding again obtains, the
valve closes, and the injector again immediately gets into full swing. The surplus
water which has passed into the third chamber is at the same time sucked through
the perforations and rejoins the stream. It will be noticed that one valve, viz.:
that controlling the steam supply, is needed.
I, WILLIAM EATON, of Whitestake, near Preston, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
-
My invention has for its object to so improve the construction of injectors
that their action shall be more perfectly automatic than heretofore and also in
great part self regulating.
An injector constructed in accordance with my invention is very simple to
work, and I find by experimental use that the amount of waste or overflow is
minimised, and that a single valve or cock is sufficient to control the device.
Varying quantities of water may be fed with one setting by altering the quantity
of steam supplied.
As will be seen hereafter the improved action of my device partly depends on
taking advantage to a greater extent than hitherto of the difference of elasticity
between air and water.
In the drawings,
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of an injector constructed according to my invention.
Fig. 2 is a section of Fig. 1.
Unions of usual construction are employed to couple up the necessary pipes to
the various branches.

page_text: "
The greatest length of my injector preferably lies horisontally. It is mainly
composed of a hollow casting A having suitable diaphragms or divisions cast in
one with it so as to divide it into three main compartments. The first compart-
ment B at one end carries the steam nozzle C, whose converging end passes across
it. Adjacent to the steam nozzle is the water supply pipe which enters the
first chamber B from below. I provide a combined lifting and concentrating
cone E, which lies across the middle compartment F, and which has (preferably
at its top) an opening or slot G communicating with said middle compartment F.
A port is provided between the middle compartment F and third compartment H,
and this is provided with a lifting or other valve I, which when open, allows a
flow from said middle compartment F to the third compartment H. The com-
bined cone E above mentioned is continued in the form of a separate delivery
cone J, whose outer end projects through the extreme end of the third com-
partment. There is
a through way in the combined cone E and delivery
cone J, and their adjacent ends form a true fit. At the place where they join the
bore is suddenly enlarged for a short distance as shown at ; so as to form a
short cylindrical chamber, and this chamber is one of the chief features of my
invention. A series of small snifting holes K is provided around the circumfer
ence of the chamber j, and these perforations open into the third compartment H,
which is of considerably larger capacity than usual.
The mode of action is as follows:
Supposing my injector to be coupled up in position for lifting and feeding
water to a boiler. To start the action the steam cock, (which is placed in any
convenient position on the steam pipe coupled to the cone C,) is opened and this
allows steam to issue from said steam nozzle whose free end enters the combined
cone E. This flow of steam induces an influx of air up the water supply pipe D
and the combined stream of steam and air enter the combined cone E, and the
pressure therein rising in consequence, the valve I lifts, and allows the mixture
to escape into the third chamber H, and thence to the overflow pipe L.
Owing to the low specific gravity of the mixture of steam and air it does not
attain sufficient moving inertia to overcome the boiler pressure, and as it tends
to expand in every direction the valve I is lifted with the above described result.
Some portions of the stream of steam and air are carried through the combined
cone E as far as the perforated chamber j, and these escape to the overflow L.
This action continues until the water supply pipe D has been emptied of air and,
the water rising therein enters the cone E. Owing to the greater specific gravity
of the water and its lesser elasticity it does not tend to expand to the same extent
as did the air, but coming within the inductive influence of the steam issuing
from the steam nozzle it acquires sufficient momentum to overcome the boiler
pressure, and is fed thereinto.
The effect of the entrance of water instead of air into the combined cone E
concentrates the pressure about the central axis and as the pressure in the sur-
rounding portions of the middle compartiment F is thereby lessened, the valve I
oloses, its closing being accelerated by the pressure of air in the third chamber H.
It may sometimes happen that an excess of water enters the combined cone E in
proportion to the steam passing and in that case the valve I lifts and allows a
portion of it to run to waste. As soon as the proper ratio for feeding again
obtains, the valve closes and the injector immediately gets into full swing. The
surplus water which has passed into the third chamber is at the same time sucked
through the perforations and rejoins the stream.
It will be noticed that only one cock is needed, viz., that controlling the steam
supply.
The action of the valve I after the water has begun to be fed is almost momen-
tary, so much so that in case of a flow of water taking place from the central
chamber F to the third chamber H, only a very small proportion of said water
will reach the overflow pipe L as the bulk is sucked in through the mifting
holes K.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
-
1. In an injector the delivery cone J having an enlarged bore ; provided with
circumferential snifting holes K, substantially as described.
2. The combined lifting and feeding cone, having a slot G which communicates
with the middle chamber H, and a valve I controlling the entrance to the latter,
substantially as described.
3. The improvements in injectors, taken as a whole substantially as described,
and for the purposes set forth.