matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PRINTING WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Matley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th June
1860.
I, RICHARD MATLEY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Calico
Printer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PRINTING WOVEN FABRICS," to
be as follows:-
My Invention relates particularly to the printing of a certain class of
goods" or woven fabrics which have patterns or designs printed upon both
surfaces, that is, back and front, and consists in a novel arrangement of
mechanism for the said purpose. The improvement consists in arranging two
"bed rollers" or cylinders in a vertical position, one above the other, and
furnishing each with two or more printing cylinders or rollers, but upon
opposite sides, so that as the fabric passes vertically through the machine from
bottom to top, or vice versâ, it is printed on one side (for instance,) by the
lower printing rollers, and as it passes round the upper "bed cylinder or
roller," the opposite surface becomes exposed to the upper set of printing
roller, and the pattern is thus imprinted on both sides. In order that the
surface of the fabric may not come into direct contact with the "bed rollers,"
two "grey cloths" or other coarse fabrics are passed with the fabric to be
printed over the two "bed rollers" to form a slight covering, not passing
through the machine, but returning after passing over each cylinder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PADDLE WHEELS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Benstead Gyton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
November 1860.
I, JOHN BENSTEAD GYTON, of Grimsthorp, in the County of Lincoln, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PADDLE
WHEELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in paddle wheels, and
consists in so arranging the same that when the wheel is not required for use
the arms may fold down the one on the other, in a somewhat similar manner
to that in which a fan folds. For this purpose the arms are jointed at or near
the boss of the wheel, and the ties which connect the arms together are either
made flexible, or so that they may be readily removed; it is preferred to make
these ties of chain, and to introduce couplings into the ties at points in the
wheel diametrically opposite to each other. When it is desired to fold up the
wheel the parts of these couplings are separated, and the arms drawn together
and secured by lashings; and when the wheel is again required for use the
arms are spread out, and the parts of the couplings brought together and
secured the one to the other. The couplings which it is preferred to employ
consist of a right and left hauded screw working with suitable nuts on the
parts of the ties; by turning the right and left handed screws the ties may be
drawn up as tight as is desired. By making the paddle shaft in separate
pieces (bolted or otherwise held together when at work) the wheels may, if it

page_text: is desired, be lifted when out of use out of their bearings, which allows of their
being stowed away inboard.
Wheels constructed as above described may readily be taken apart by
removing the centre pins on which the arms are made to turn.
AN IMPROVED MA- CHINE FOR RAISING WATER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Stevens at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th May
1860. A communication from abroad by Jean Baptiste Guignes, of
Marseille, in the Empire of France.
I, CHARLES STEVENS, Manager of the British & Foreign Office for
Patents, 1º, Welbeck Street, Cavendish Square, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MA-
CHINE FOR RAISING WATER," & that it has been communicated to me from
abroad by Jean Baptiste Guigues, of Marseille, in the Empire of France,.
to be as follows:-
This machine on being set in motion continues its movement by means of
the water (whether running or still) in which it may be placed. One man
only is required to put it in motion. It consists of a wooden framework
supported on a raft, boat, or similar arrangement for floating on water. A.
water wheel furnishes the motive power. It is traversed by a shaft, the
extremities of which rest on bearings supported on the framework. On this
shaft a drum is fixed, which communicates the motion received from the
shaft of the water wheel by means of an endless band or chain to drums
placed higher up on the frame, which in turn communicate movement to a
second shaft, likewise resting on bearings supported on the framework. At
each end of this shaft a trundle is fixed for giving a rotary movement to
two endless chains of buckets; these buckets feed a reservoir, from which a

page_text: trough or pipe conducts part of the water to fill the buckets of the water
wheel and set it in motion. The reservoir above mentioned is filled by means
of a sucking & forcing pump, and is placed above the water wheel on the
same framework. A conducting trough placed under the water wheel receives
& carries off the water falling from the latter. As the buckets raiso more
water than is required to turn the wheel, a pipe is adapted to the reservoir to
convey the surplus water to the trough, which carries off the water falling
from the wheel.
thus:-The water
When used in running water the machine is modified
regulated by a flood gate is brought to bear on the wheel. The shaft of the
water wheel is furnished with a pulley, over which an endless band or chain
passes. This band also passes over a second pulley fixed on a second shaft
supported on bearings fixed at the required height on a brick, wooden, or
iron framework. This second shaft by means of tumbrels at each end puts
two endless chains of buckets in movement which raise the water.
The machine may be further modified by replacing the two endless chains
of buckets by forcing & sucking pumps connected with the shaft of the
wheel by means of an eccentric crank bolted to a connecting rod, which is
jointed to a balance beam in communication with the pump pistons. Should
it be desired to stop the pumps, & still allow the water wheel to rotate, the
connecting work is so arranged that by means of a lever it may be thrown out
of gear. A pipe communicating with the pumps conveys the water as may
be required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Anton Verwey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th October
1860.
I, ANTON VERWEY, of No. 3, Croydon Grove, Croydon, in the County of
Surrey, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP," to be as follows:-
The process consists in dissolving in a vessel the ordinary manufactured
soap, to which a sufficient quantity of water may be added, to make it
dissolve readily, or otherwise liquify or soften the soap so as to enable any
person without difficulty to mix the ingredients herein-after mentioned.
When the soap is thus brought to a liquid state, or otherwise prepared,
anhydrous carbonate of soda, or similar alkaline ingredients, with silicate of soda
in solution, with a sufficient quantity of bicarbonate of soda to neutralise the
caustic soda contained in the silicate of soda are added to it, and the combi-
nation is allowed to set in moulds; or the ingredients may be added to the
soap immediately before it is transferred into frames during the manufacturing
process to solidify.
The quantities of the ingredients generally used are half ounce of
anhydrous carbonate of soda, half ounce of bicarbonate of soda, and four
ounces of silicate of soda to eleven ounces of soap; but these proportions may
be varied according to circumstances, and the quality of the soaps.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DECOMPOSING STEAM
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Allen Bassett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
February 1860.
I, JOHN ALLEN BASSETT, of Salem, Massachusetts, United States of
America, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR DECOMPOSING STEAM," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a special form of apparatus for decomposing steam
so as to obtain hydrogen abundantly from it. The steam is made to enter a
retort filled with coke or other suitable material through a perforated metallic
pipe, which traverses the long axis of the cylinder; the perforations in the
pipe may be placed along its whole length; they may be placed half an inch
apart, having pin-holo apertures, but the size or number is no essential, pro-
vided a fino stream of steam is attained. The relative size of the steam pipe
to the interior of the retort may be as one-eighth or one-tenth, more or less.
The many applications in the arts to which hydrogen may be rendered avail-
able, provided it could be obtained with economy and speed, by the decompo-
sition of water, render it desirable that an improved form of apparatus should
be used for the rapid obtaining that gas from steam superheated and under
high pressure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LEGGINGS OR KNICKER- BOCKERS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Rigby Davies Smith and James
Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 20th October 1860.
We, RIGBY DAVIES SMITH and JAMES SMITH, of London Wall, in the
County of Middlesex, Boot Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LEGGINGS OR KNICKER-
BOCKERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
legging or coverings for the lower part of the leg, commonly called knicker-
bockers, suitable for being worn by ladies and gentlemen, parts of our
improvements being more specially applicable for ladies. Heretofore leggings
or knickerbockers have been formed by cutting them out of a flat piece of
leather or other fabric to suit the shape of the leg, from the ankle to the upper
part or calf, and part of our improvements consist in shaping or forming
them so as to fit and retain more accurately the contour or shape of the leg of
the wearer. For this purpose, when making leggings of leather, we prefer to
shape the leather on blocks or frames of suitable form during the process of
finishing and coloring the leather in the course of manufacture, (in place of
stretching, coloring, and finishing the leather of which they are made in flat
frames, as heretofore,) by which the shape and superior gloss and finish of the
leather will be retained when made up into a legging or knickerbocker
according to our Invention. In like manner leather, cloth, or other fabrics

page_text: may be blocked or shaped by other means, so as to retain the shape or
contour of the leg of the wearer. Curved or circular steel springs are let into
the upper and lower edges or other parts of the leggings, by which they are
caused to clip around, and thus be securely retained upon the leg when in
use; or a strip of steel, whalebone, or other suitable elastic material may be
employed to fasten the edges of the leggings, such as are commonly used for
fastening gaiters; or the leggings constructed according to our Invention may
be secured to the leg of the wearer by buttons, or may be laced up, or other-
wise fastened according to the taste or preference given to either mode by the
wearer. Leggings or knickerbockers made up according to our Invention of
morocco or other fine qualities of leather or other materials (plain or colored)
will be found very useful and suitable for being worn by ladies and children to
protect the lower part of the legs from wet and dirt when walking, or for
additional warmth when required; and we propose to ornament such leggings
by embossing, or by other means, such as the application of lace or other
trimmings, or they may be covered with elastic fabric to resemble stockings if
desired.
AN IMPROVED SCARF OR NECKTIE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stephen Jarvis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st July
1860.
I, JOHN STEPHEN JARVIS, one of the Managers in the employment of Dent,
Allcroft, Lycett, and Company, of Wood Street, in the City of London,
Warehousemen, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED SCARF OR NECKTIE," to be as follows:- ·
My Invention consists in attaching to the front part of a band to be fastened
round the neck, near the ends thereof (when the band is fastened in front);
two flaps or lengths of silk or other suitable material, and in attaching to the
back of the band, at or near one of the ends thereof, a tab or piece of silk or
other suitable material, of such length that after the band has been fastened
round the neck of the wearer the tab will fold over, fall down in front, hide
the button or other means of attachment, and form a central piece resembling
part of a knot in a tied scarf; the two flaps are then folded partly over the
tab or central piece, and partly over each other, when the necktie presents the.
appearance of a neatly folded and tied scarf.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BRACKETS FOR CARRYING TRAYS, SHELVES, GLASS CASES, &C., IN WINDOWS AND GLASS CASES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Sage at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th December
1860.
I, FREDERICK SAGE, Builder, at No. 11, Hatton Garden, St. Andrews,
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BRACKETS FOR CARRYING TRAYS, SHELVES, GLASS CASES, &C., IN WINDOWS
AND GLASS CASES," to be as follows:-
My improvement in brackets consists of a plate with forked ends and studs,
which are attached to the bottom of the shelf, tray, or case, which prevents
their being knocked off and makes them perfectly safe.
I also claim as my Invention another way of making these safty brackets,
which is, by means of fixing a plate to the bottom of the tray, shelf, or case,
which is raised up in one or more places under which the points of the
brackets pass.
A SUBSTITUTE FOR ORDINARY BUTTER, ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE USE OF PASTRYCOOKS, BISCUIT BAKERS, AND GENERAL CULINARY PURPOSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Harben and Richard
Isaac Hathaway at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 19th April 1860.
We, BENJAMIN HARDEN, of Leadenhall Street, and RICHARD ISAAC HATH-
AWAY, also of Leadenhall Street aforesaid, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A SUBSTITUTE FOR ORDINARY
BUTTER, ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE USE OF PASTRYCOOKS, BISCUIT BAKERS, AND
GENERAL CULINARY PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in compounding into a mixture certain ingredients
not heretofore employed in combination, which we propose to use as a sub-
stitute for butter in the manufacture of pastry, biscuits, and for general
culinary purposes in which butter is now used. The ingredients we employ
are the fat of meats, butter, and oil, in the proportion of about eight parts of
fat, four parts of butter, and one part of oil. The fat being first divested of
strings or ligatures and fibres, is mixed with the butter and oil in a cold state,
and if desirable salt added thereto. The above mixture possesses all the
elements of ordinary butter essential for the manufacture of pastry, biscuits,
and for general culinary purposes, with the advantage of being considerably
cheaper.
AN APPARATUS WITH CHEMICAL PROCESS PRODUCING FUMIGATIONS FOR THE CURE OF THE GOUT, RHUMATISMS, NERVEOUS DEBILITY, AND DESEASE OF THE SKIN
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Magloire Olivier Dammann, of No. 13, Queen's Road,
Haverstock Hill, St. Pancrass, London, for the Invention of "AN
APPARATUS WITH CHEMICAL PROCESS PRODUCING FUMIGATIONS FOR THE
CURE OF THE GOUT, RHUMATISMS, NERVEOUS DEBILITY, AND DESEASE OF
THE SKIN."
Sealed the 27th March 1860, and dated the 27th January 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Magloire Olivier Damı-
mann at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 27th January 1860.
I, MAGLOIRE OLIVIER DAMMANN, of No. 13, Queen's Road, Haverstock Hill,
St. Pancrass, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN APPARATUS WITH CHEMICAL PROCESS PRODUCING FUMIGATIONS FOR THE CURE
OF THE GOUT, RHUMATISMS, NERVEOUS DEBILITY, AND DESEASE OF THE SKIN,"
to be as follows:-
This apparatus with the chemical process are of a very great acquisition on
the present state of science. The apparatus has for aim to produce the absence
of vital air inside of it, so that the patient is subjected to a succion which

page_text: facilitate the opening of the pores of the skin and calls forth the viciated
humours.
The chemical produces employed have for object to replace what is called at
the presem time vapour baths. The chemical produces exclude all humidity;
the have a direct action on the viciated humours brought forth by the action of
the apparatus, and compel the viciated humours to set themselves in motion
and to come out by the perspiration provoked by the heat and the succion of
the apparatus.
This apparatus is made of zinc or other suitable materials; it is about of 46
inches in heigth, 36 in length, and 28 inches in width. The front of it opens
with a door, to allow the patient to get in; the top of it equally opens, so that
the head of the patient is kept above. The inside of this apparatus countains a
case in which a furnace is introduced, and upon which the chemical ingredients
producing the fumigation are burnt; besides there is a seat for the patient,
and a sort of a step for his feet; there is also a double bottom of about 2 inches
deep to this apparatus. This double bottom corresponds with a pipe which is
connected with a cheminey and. lets out the over quantity of gas or heat if
required. There are two keys, 1 to the double bottom, the other to the pipe,
so that by shutting the two keys no external air can inter the apparatus. By
opening the 2 keys, the external air immediately replaces the heat and the
gas which the apparatus conntained. This ventilation at libitum is merely a
measure of prudence and serves to graduate the fumigation which most be
regulated according to the state of the patient.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENERS FOR WINDOW SASHES
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Fallows, of Farnworth, near Bolton-le-Moors,
in the County of Lancaster, Spindle Maker, and Richard Wild, of Bolton-
le-Moors, aforesaid, Ironmonger, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FASTENERS FOR WINDOW SASHES."
Sealed the 8th March 1861, and dated the 22nd September 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Fallows and
Richard Wild at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 22nd September 1860.
We, THOMAS FALLOWS, of Farnworth, near Bolton-le-Moors, in the County
of Lancaster, Spindle Maker, and RICHARD WILD, of Bolton-le-Moors, afore-
said, Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENERS FOR WINDOW SASHES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to secure the sashes of windows, so that they
cannot be unfastened from outside. The ordinary window fastening consists
of a staple fixed to one sash, and a latch jointed to the other; now our Inven-
tion consists in retaining the latch within the staple by means of a spring
catch, which spring catch can only be liberated inside the rooin, and is also
capable of being held fast by a lock and key of any suitable construction, or

page_text: the bolt of the lock can be made to retain the latch within the staple, conse-
quently the spring catch and the lock and key can be applied either separately
or combined.
Our Invention of securing window sashes by lock and key is applicable to
various descriptions of window fasteners.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STAMPING OR EMBOSSING PRESSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th July
1860. A communication from abroad by Mr. Laurent Poirier,
Mechanician, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer & Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STAMPING OR EMBOSSING PRESSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in stamping presses, in which the
descent of the movable matrix or die upon the fixed one is vertical, & in
such manner as to have the same pressure at all points of the surface to be
stamped, & the stamping may be effected by the simple pressure of the palm
of the hand on a button head or knob.
I have represented this press in the Drawings annexed. Fig. 1 is an eleva-
tion, partly in section, of the stamping press; Fig. 2 is a plan of the same, the
pressure button or head being raised. In the two Figures the same letters
denote the same parts.
a, body of the press, which carries a fixed matrix b; the upright c is cast of
a piece with the bed of the matrix; d, movable matrix or die guided by the
stem h, & retained in position by the parts e & f of frame c; 9, pressure
button or knob on which to strike the palm of the hand to stamp paper placed
between the dic & matrix; i, spring elevating the stem h when the stamping
is effected.
To stamp by means of this press it is sufficient to place the sheet of paper

page_text: between the die & matrix, & to give a blow with the palm of the hand on the
knob g.
In this press, as seen in the Drawing, the movable die or matrix
descends vertically, & is worked without cam or lever, & simply by the per-
cussion of the hand.
-moment of the parts of this press also normit of its use to
1150
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Hudson and John
Evans at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,.
on the 26th June 1860.
We, WILLIAM HENRY HUDSON, of Widemarsh Street, Hereford, & JOHN.
EVANS, of Lugwardino, both in the County of Hereford, Clock Makers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS,"
to be as follows:-
Our improvements in locks consists in the application to locks of a shield or
screen by which the keyhole of a lock is closed, so that it is impossible to pick.
the lock or injure its parts, without first removing the shield, which is effected.
by setting a series of index bands to certain points in the circles they describe,
so that the shield shall be liberated and permitted to slide back, and thereby
expose the keyhole. Instead of index hands I prefer to use notches on the
end of the spindles, which project through the door or other article to which
the lock is applied, and move these spindles with a small projection made on
the key and acting as a scrow driver, or it may be by a special key. Each
spindle has a disc, having a tooth or point which in a certain position raises a
stop out of contact with the curtain plate, and supposing there to be three of
such discs when they are all turned to a position so that each lifts or other-
wise displaces its stop, so that all the stops are removed, the curtain plate is
free to slide, and discloses the keyhole. This we prefer to do by screwdriver
key before mentioned, acting on suitable parts. The shield stops are each

page_text: pressed by springs, so that on the least displacement of the disc points they
throw the stops back into the shield, and prevent its motion. Thus it will be
seen that unless these parts are accurately set, it is impossible to move the
shield plate, and without a knowledge of the requisite position, the com-
binations even with three dials are so numerous, that great length of time would
be occupied before the correct position could be arrived at. Of course greater
numbers of combinations may be produced by increasing the number of dials
or adjusting indexes. Other methods may be adopted of obtaining intricate
combinations to regulate the displaceinent of the curtain plate of the keyhole,
which in all cases should be drill proof.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Augustus Huddart at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
February 1860.
I, GEORGE AUGUSTUS HUDDART, of Brynkir, in the County of Caernarvon,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel mode of applying the principle of buoy-
ancy for obtaining motive power. For this purpose I set around the periphery
of a wheel, or mount upon an endless belt or chain a series of compressible
air vessels at equal distances apart, and these I connect together in pairs by
air tubes. The air vessels I furnish with a weight which is free to move in
parallel guides as the wheel which carries them rotates, and by its downward
pressure the weight compresses the air vessel to which it is attached, forcing
the air through the air tube in connection with the air vessel to the air vessel
on the opposite side of the wheel, in which at the same time a vacuum is
formed or being formed by the drag of its own weight, which is now attaining
or has attained a pendent position. The apparatus I immerse in water or
other liquid, and the expanded vessels' being on one side of the wheel, while
those on the other side are more or less in a state of collapse, will by their
buoyancy move round the wheel and cause the collapsed vessels in their turn
to expand and receive the air from the ascending vessels, and thereby become
the ascending vessels or propelling power of the wheel. It will thus be

page_text: understood that as the vessels attain a position in which their respective weights
will act upon the air contained therein, and force it down the air conductors,
they will severally become compressed, and the vessels opposite thereto will
expand and receive the air thus expelled, the vessels on the descending side
therefore of the wheel will not expand until they attain their lowest position,
and those on the ascending side of the wheel will not be compressed and have
the air wholly excluded therefrom, until they have attained their highest
position.
I have described a dead weight as the means of compressing and expanding
the collapsible vessels, but I also propose to use any mechanical equivalent
therefor.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR GRINDING VEGETABLE, MINERAL, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clissold at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th January
1860.
I, WILLIAM CLISSOLD, of Dudbridge, in the County of Gloucester, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY
FOR GRINDING VEGETABLE, MINERAL, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that class of grinding or crushing machinery in
which the material to be operated upon is placed in a cylinder, and pressed
between the inner periphery thereof and crushing rollers contained in the
cylinder. Hitherto this cylinder, or the rollers contained therein, or both,
have been made to rotate, but the grinding or crushing action has not been in
every respect satisfactory. In lieu of this mode of actuating the operating
surfaces I propose to give the cylinder a reciprocating motion, equal, say, to
about one-third, more or less, of a new revolution, and to place two independent
crushing rollers loose in the cylinder. They will, therefore, roll over the
lower part of the cylinder, and by rubbing together clear each others surfaces
of matter adhering thereto. This reciprocating motion I propose to impart by
means of a crossed chain passed over or attached to a pulley on the axle of
the crushing cylinder, and connected at its ends to a crank rod, the pin of
which is operated by spur or other gearing. The cylinder is provided with
an opening at the top for feeding in the material to be operated upon, and at
bottom with a discharge tap or outlet. As the cylinder and crushing rollers
are kept in continuous motion by the rotation of the driving shaft of the

page_text: machine, the material under operation will be caused to shift its position con-
tinually, and thus a more efficient reducing action will be obtained than
heretofore. To ensure equal wear in the cylinder it will be necessary, from
time to time, to change the-position-of-its-connection with the chain which
operates it so as to bring in succession the whole of the inner periphery, under
the crushing rollers.
AN INSTRUMENT FOR INDICATING THE APPROACH OF VESSELS TO SHOALS, ROCKS, AND LAND
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Henry Elliott and
Charles Alfred Elliott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 29th October 1860.
We, FREDERICK HENRY ELLIOTT and CHARLES ALFRED ELLIOTT, of the
Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Opticians, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN INSTRUMENT FOR INDICATING THE APPROACH OF
VESSELS TO SHOALS, ROCKS, AND LAND," to be as follows:-
Our instrument consists of a lever, which when held down by a weight,
hereafter mentioned, overcomes the pressure exerted by a spring or a weight
on a cam wheel, and keeps the wheel at rest. One of the projections on the
wheel is at the same time in contact with the tail of a lever, the upper
arm of which terminates in a clapper, which is held at a distance from a bell
or gong. All the before described parts of the instrument are situated at any
convenient part of the vessel. From the first named lever a cord or rope is
carried outside the vessel, having attached to it a weight; at a distance from
the end of the cord an eye or loop is made or let into the cord, and this eye is
passed over a bar carried by the weight leaving slack so much of the cord
as remains between the eye and the end of the cord. The weight is so shaped
that on its touching ground it falls, so as to liberate the bar, and thus let
loose the eye from it. The lever inboard being thus temporarily relieved of
the pressure exerted by the weight sets free the cam wheel, which acting on the
tail of the clapper lever causes the bell or gong to be sounded. The length
of cord and the weight must be regulated according to the speed of the vessel,
and the depth which the instrument is required to indicate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN Booтs
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Paul Margetson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th October
1860.
I, PAUL MARGETSON, of New Weston Street, Bermondsey, Leather Manu-
5facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
Booтs," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in boots, and is applicable
to such boots as laco up in front. It consists in attaching a flap of leather
to the exterior of the boot, which folds over so as to cover the lacing, and is
itself secured by a strap and buckle, a lace, or otherwise. This flap serves
to throw off the water, and also renders the appearance of the boot neater.
AN IMPROVED MEANS OF PROTECTING WATCHES AND OTHER SMALL PORTABLE. ARTICLES FROM BEING STOLEN PROM THE PERSON
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Speight at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th July
1860.
I, GEORGE SPEIGHT, of 19, Woodbridge Street, Clerkenwell, in the County
5 of Middlesex, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED MEANS OF PROTECTING WATCHES AND OTHER SMALL PORTABLE.
ARTICLES FROM BEING STOLEN PROM THE PERSON," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to protect watches and other small portable
articles from being stolen from the person. For this purpose, I propose to
employ, for securing the watch or article to the pocket or garment, a con-
trivance thus arranged :-I employ a short chain, cord, elastic, or piece of web
or woven fabric, or equivalent attaching agent, having a swivel or other means
for connecting it to the watch or article, and having also a pin or bar attached
to it most conveniently at the centre of such pin or bar, which pin or bar is
passed end wise through an eye, orifice, or opening (preferably surrounded by
an eyelet) in a piece of cloth or other material, to be sewn or otherwise firmly
secured to the inside of the pocket or required part of a garment. The eye
or opening should be of such size as to allow of the pin or bar being passed
through it endwise, but not otherwise. The chain, elastic, or other connecting
agent being fastened to the watch or article, and the pin or bar passed end-
wise through the eye or opening, and brought into or assuming a position
transverse to the direction in which it entered, it would be retained by the.

page_text: piece of material through which it had been passed, and would thus retain the
watch or other article, and protect it from being stolen. The connecting
chain, cord, or equivalent should be concealed by the pocket or garment, and,
in the case of watches, the swivel of the chain or other connection may con-
veniently be attached just below the pendant. Instead of using a pin or bar,
arranged and acting as described, to secure the chain or attachment to the
garment, it may be retained by means of a stud, small plate, or equivalent
contrivance placed at the end of it, entering or passing through an eye or
opening in a piece of cloth or material secured to the pocket or garment, and
being at the back or opposite side of the piece of cloth or material to that on
which is the connection of the chain or other attachment with the watch or
article, so retains it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESSING AND STIFFENING FABRICS AND YARNS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Schwann at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th August
1860.
I, FREDERICK SCHWANN, of No. 4, Gresham Street, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESSING
AND STIFFENING FABRICS AND YARNS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in dressing and stiffening
fabrics and yarns. In dressing fustians, cords, velveteens, velvets, beaverteens,
satin tops, twills, satteens, calicoes, and other fabrics, a stiffening material
known as bone or animal size is employed; this size communicates to
the fabric or yarn an unpleasant smell. Now, according to my Invention I
treat the fabric or yarn with tar water, or liquor, either mixed with the size
or otherwise, by which the unpleasant smell the size communicates to the
fabric or yarn is entirely or in great part removed.
AN IMPERMEABLE ANTI- SULPHURIC COATING FOR LEATHER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Stevens at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th December
1860. A communication from abroad by J. Chapa & Lacaze, of 42,
Rue Laffite, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, CHARLES STEVENS, Manager of the British & Foreign Office for Patents,
1B, Welbeck Street, Cavendish Square, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPERMEABLE ANTI-
SULPHURIC COATING FOR LEATHER," (& that it has been communicated to me
from abroad by J. Chapa & Lacaze, of 42, Rue Laffitte, Paris, in the Empire
of France,) to be as follows:-
The object of the present Invention is to preserve leather, by means of a
chemical preparation, from humidity and the action of acids, and is especially
applicable to leather used in the manufacture of bellows for throwing sulphur
on vines attacked by or menaced with the vine disease.
To effect this, two coatings composed of the following ingredients, are
used :-
1st Coating. India-rubber dissolved in sulphuret of carbon to saturation.
It must be dissolved in a bottle or other suitable receptacle, closed with a glass
stopper.
2nd Coating. Gutta percha dissolved in a solution of sulphuret of carbon to
saturation; likewise dissolved in a flask or other receptacle, closed as before
with a glass stopper.
The leather to be operated on is stretched on a board, and receives one or
two coats (according to the degree of strength intended to be given) of the

page_text: 1st coating, which is laid on with a brush. The sulphuret of carbon then
evaporates, leaving the india-rubber adherent to the leather in its natural
condition.
When this operation is completed, the leather receives a coat of the 2nd
composition, above described, laid on over the first coat with another brush.
This second coating adheres firmly to the india-rubber, and protects it from
the heat of the sun.
These two compositions may be employed separately or together, and the
matters used must be as pure as possible.
IMPROVEMENTS IN. APPARATUS USED IN HOISTING AND LOWERING, AS APPLIED TO MINE SHAFTS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Farrell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st May
1860.
I, WILLIAM FARRELL, of St. Helen's, in the County of Lancaster, Chemist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN.
APPARATUS USED IN HOISTING AND LOWERING, AS APPLIED TO MINE SHAFTS," to be
as follows:-
My Invention relates, first, to an arrangement of the hook by which the
cage or other article is suspended in raising or lowering weights in mines..
The hook, properly so called, is very similar to an ordinary hook for such:
purposes, but it is suspended on a pivot in a kind of bridle, and has an
extension, which when it is raised too high comes in contact with a fixed
stop, causing the hook to be canted, so that the link sustaining the cage slips
out of the hook, and thus prevents it being drawn over the wheel at the top.
In order to catch and support the cage when so disengaged, palls or stops
may be applied to the upright guides which jut out below the cage, and so
sustain the cage, and prevent it falling into the pit. In the suspending hook
I fit a wheel to fill it up entirely, which wheel I mount on the lower part of
the bridle, on which it is free to turn. It has a notch or opening in it to
receive the ring of the cage bow or suspender, which wheel prevents it being
jerked out. For this purpose I also apply, according to my Invention, cross
lever bars at each side of the cage by the upper ends of which the cage is
suspended. The suspension of the cage elevates these bars to a certain extent,

page_text: and causes them to withdraw, within the limits of the cage's breadth, projecting
horizontal bars or catches connected with their lower ends. When the sus-
pending hook is disengaged, as before explained, these cross lever bars being
released fall, and jut out the projecting pieces at bottom of the cage;
these projected parts come in contact with projections on the upright guides,
and thus arrest the descent of the cage. This method of catching the cage in
its descent is also available at any part of the shaft when a rope breaks, &
will sustain the cage at any point, suitable stops being placed on the upright
guides at intervals from top to bottom of the shaft.
My Invention also relates to arrangements of suspending links immediately
above the cage bow, whereby the rope or chain will disengage itself if it
breaks or falls from above, while the cage is arrested in its descent, thus pre-
venting an accumulation and weight of rope on the cage. This consists of an
S-hook linked into the bow ring of the cage. The openings of this S-link
have two springs to keep the links therein under ordinary circumstances, but
when the rope breaks and falls suddenly, the S-link will be driven out of the
eye of the cage bow, or out of the ring on the end of the chain, and the rope
will fall, & be at liberty to pass free of the cage. The rings into which
the S-hook takes may be fitted with pullies to facilitate the hook detaching
itself.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES AND CIGAR HOLDERS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lionel Edward Weber at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd July
1860.
I, LIONEL EDWARD WEBER, of the Hotel de Bellevue, Brussels, Gentleman,
do bereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PIPES AND CIGAR HOLDERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention of improvements in pipes and cigar holders has for its
object the construction of these articles in such a manner that a reservoir or
chamber may be provided for the reception or absorption of the nicotic
substance that is given off from tobacco while it is being smoked. This
reservoir, or the parts of the pipe contiguous thereto, are also so constructed
and arranged that air may be admitted thereto when required. To this end
the bowl of the pipe is provided with a perforated false bottom, on which the
tobacco is placed, leaving an open space or chamber beneath. An opening is
made in this chamber, and is closed by a dish-shaped valve fixed at one end
of a key or lever, whereby the valve may be opened or closed at pleasure by
the smoker, somewhat in the same manner in which the valves or keys of a
flute or clarionet are worked. By opening the valve air may be admitted to
the chamber at the bottom of the bowl, and may be drawn by the smoker
through the pipe. The liquid products derived from the burning of the
tobacco will collect in the chamber or in the dish-shaped valve, and may be
casily removed therefrom when required.
It will be readily understood that this Invention may, with slight modi-
fication, be applied to cigar holders.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SHIP BUILDING
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Young, of 9, Tavistock Place, Tavistock
Square, London, County Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SHIP BUILDING."
Sealed the 9th April 1860, and dated the 20th October 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Young at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th October 1860.
I, WILLIAM YOUNG, of 9, Tavistock Place, Tavistock Square, London,
County Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIP BUILDING," to be as follows:-
The sides of ships have been covered with plates of iron of great thickness
to prevent shot or other warlike missiles penetrating them. Now, in order to
obtain the greatest effect from the weight of metal used, I propose to use, in
combination with the ribs or framings of a ship or vessel, metal plates or
girders placed at certain distances apart from each other, and to fill these
spaces between the said plates or girders with material of a less specific gravity
than the metal used; or 1 fill these intervals partially with smaller plates or
girders of the same metal, and partially with material of a less specific gravity.
In some cases I use metal plates pierced with holes of suitable size, which I
also fill in the manner above described. I further propose constructing or
protecting the decks of a ship or vessel by a similar method.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert James at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd October
1860.
I, ROBERT JAMES, of Faversham, in the County of Kent, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
I construct a reaping machine with a row of reciprocating knives of the
ordinary form, or nearly so, working over or through a set of fingers, which
move along or in proximity to the ground, and enter among the stalks of straw
so as to support them against the cutting motion of the knives. In or on each
of these fingers, however, I fix a steel blade, with sharp edges, which project a
little on each side, and over which the knives travel. The knives and these
fixed blades thus act like shears, and cut the stalks with much greater
certainty and and ease than the ordinary knives. Any blade which may become
injured can be readily removed when required and replaced by another. The
corn as fast as it is cut falls on an inclined endless web or platform, which
passes round two rollers, and carries it back and delivers it on two parallel
transverse endless webs or platforms, which carry it off and deposit it at the
side of the machine in a continuous swath. One of these endless webs is
longer and moves rather faster than the other, so as to present the ears of the
corn in the proper position. These endless webs, bands, or platforms carry
transverse bars to keep them stretched. The first one carries serrated bars,

page_text: which catch the corn and carry it up the incline. When it is required to lay
the corn in separate lots or bundles suitable for being tied up in sheaves, the
endless webs deliver it upon a sort of large fork, which is dropped or upset at
regular intervals by the machine. Canvass webs have often been tried in
reaping machines, but great inconvenience has been experienced by their
expansion and contraction by changes from wet to dry, and vice versa.
I therefore construct the webs by fastening the canvass on belts of vulcanized
india-rubber or other substance not affected by moisture, and I pucker the
canvass to such an extent as to allow of its contraction and expansion. I also
prefer to employ waterproof canvass or material for the webs.
When the machine is to be employed for mowing, I remove the endless
webs and their rollers, or merely the endless webs, and the grass is then left
on the ground as it is cut.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LUCIFER MATCHES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Schnell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th September
1860.
I, WILLIAM SCHNELL, of the Strand, London, County of Middlesex,
Upholsterer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LUCIFER MATCHES," to be as follows, that is
to say:
My Invention relates to that part of the manufacture of lucifer matches
which consists in the preparation of the dipping substance or the composition
made use of for causing the ignition of the matches. Hitherto all the com-
pounds used for such purposes contain a certain proportion of phosphorus,
which is not only deleterious to the persons engaged in the manufacture, but
dangerous from the low temperature at which matches covered with it ignite.
I have therefore discovered a mixture which possess all the properties of the
phosphorus mixture without its defects. The composition of my mixture is as
follows:-I take 2 parts of gum arabic in solution and mix it with 6 parts of
hyperoxide of lead, 3 parts of antimony, 3 parts of sulphuret of iron, 8 parts of
hyposulphite of lead, 6 parts of chlorate of potass, 3 parts of ground glass.
Having prepared my matches in the usual manner I dip them in this
mixture.