with movable troughs
Year: 1888

page_text: We, EMILE HALOT, JULES HALOT, and FERDINAND DE POSCH, all of 53 Rue
Derosne Brussels in the Kingdom of Belgium, Builders do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
Kneading machines with movable troughs have disadvantages and are liable to get
out of level after they have been in use only a short time; the consequence of this
may be the breaking of the toothed gearing and various parts of the mechanism,
which is generally complicated in this kind of apparatus.
The kneading machine, which forms the object of the present invention, remedies
these disadvantages: the use of a fixed trough has the advantage that the kneading
mechanisin alone has to be moved, the latter being in our system very light, it
requires little power to move it.
The toothed gear which actuates this mechanism consists only of two pairs of
spur wheels without taking into account the intermediate ones needed only in the
case of apparatus driven by hand, and producing more than 300 kilograms of
dough.
In the kneading machines actuated by a motor there are not more than two
pairs of toothed wheels, which are easily accessible and not liable to get out of
order.
In carrying out the invention, we provide a cast iron trough or vat mounted
on four columns. The inner surface of the trough is machined all over, so as to
present a uniformly smooth surface.
A cast iron
The vat is provided in its centre with a boss, preferably conical.
hollow shaft encasing a central vertical solid shaft passes through the boss and is
provided externally a little above the boss with a disc which can turn on rollers,
placed between it and the upper surface of the aforesaid boss. By this arrangement
the friction is lessened. The hollow shaft can rotate within the central boss of the
trough which guides it, the solid shaft acting also as a guide to the hollow one, so that
it is kept perfectly vertical.
The hollow shaft is cast with a radial arm standing above the trough and provided
at its outer end with a vertical tube guiding and supporting the vertical shaft of a
mixer of a special construction and forming a feature of our invention.

page_text: One form of this mixer A is shown on the accompanying drawing and consists
essentially of a metallic plate whose extremities are curved in opposite direction on
each side of the mixer shaft. The plate is provided with openings and has knife
edges arranged on each of its faces so as to act on the dough in the direction of the
motion.
A pair of bevel wheels imparts to the hollow shaft and consequently to the
aforesaid radial arm a rotary motion.
These bevel wheels are actuated by a pinion keyed on the driving shaft and gearing
with a spur wheel keyed on the shaft of the driving bevel wheel.
The hollow shaft is also provided with two or more sockets supporting revolving
stirrers, which are alternately raised and lowered by means of a cam plato, attached to
or forming part of a horizontal wheel keyed on the extremity of the aforesaid said
central solid shaft. The cam plate is provided with grooves designed so as to cause
the stirrers to execute 2, 3, 4 or 5 strokes per revolution. The central shaft is fixed,
being keyed solidly in a step bearing, securely fixed to the foundation on which the
kneading machine is erected.
A pinion keyed on the end of the vertical shaft of the mixer and gearing with the
horizontal spur-wheel,-keyed-at-the-extremity of the fixed vertical_shaft, imparts_to_
the said mixer a rotary motion.
Each stirrer consists of two parts
The first is a lever actuating the stirrer proper, it is provided at its upper extremity
with a roller which enters a groove in the cam plate, which as already stated, raises
and lowers alternatoly the stirrers.
The second part is the stirrer proper jointed at the extremity of the actuating lever.
A cotter secures the stirrer to the actuating lever.
The object of this arrangement is to render it possible to lift out of the trough, the
lower part of the stirrers when it is wished to remove the dough or clean the trough.
In this case it suffices to pull out the aforesaid cotters and turn the lower part of the
stirrers upwards on their joints.
When cleaning the trough, a shield is placed on the mixer and the rotating
motion is stopped by means of a clutch_arrangement adapted to the vertical shaft
of the mixer. This shaft being fixed by means of a pin, the arm carrying the
mixer is revolved so as to bring the dough to the place where it is to be weighed.
A knife rotating: with the hollow shaft scrapes the whole inner surface of the
trough.
The kneading machine we have now described is suitable for trade, military or other
purposes.
In the larger size of these apparatus used in public bake houses, the trough is
double, being composed of an outer cast iron vat within which is applied the kneading
trough proper, which is here made of tinned iron or copper.
The outer cast iron vat is provided with a tap admitting the introduction or with-
drawal, from the space left between the two vessels, of hot water required for heating
the kneading trough.
As explained in the foregoing description, we have placed the driving mechanism
below the vat trough; we consider this arrangement, as the most advantageous,
because the access of the vat is then entirely free. However, the actuating mechanism
may be applied above the vat by means of an arch surmounting the latter, without
affecting in any way the nature of our invention.
Dated this 30th day of May 1888.

page_text: Improvements in Kneading or Mixing Machines.
We, EMILE HALOT, JULES HALOT and FERDINAND DE POSCH all of 53 Rue
Derosne Brussels in the Kingdom of Belgium do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Kneading machines with movable troughs have disadvantages and are liable to
get out of level after they have been in use only a short time; the consequence of
this may be the breaking of the toothed gearing and various parts of the mechanism
which is generally complicated in this kind of apparatus.
The kneading machine, which forms the object of the present invention, remedies
these disadvantages: the use of a fixed trough has the advantage that the kneading
mechanism alone has to be moved; the latter being in our system very light it
requires little power to move it.
The toothed gear which actuates this mechanism consists only of two pairs of spur
wheels without taking into account the intermediate ones needed only in the case
of apparatus driven by hand, and producing more than 300 kilograms of dough.
In the kneading machines actuated by a motor there are not more than two pairs
of toothed wheels, which are easily accessible and not liable to get out of order.
Referring to the accompanying drawings:
1
Figures and 2 show, in section, and plan partly in section, respectively, a
kneading machine capable of producing a large amount of dough and adapted to
be actuated either by hand or by a motor.
This apparatus is suitable for trade, military or other purposes.
Figures 8 and 9 show similar views of a kneading machine to be worked entirely
by hand, for ordinary bakehouses.
The remaining Figures show details hereinafter to be referred to.
In all these drawings similar letters mark similar parts.
In carrying out the invention, we provide an annular cast iron trough or vat A
mounted on four columns B. The inner surface of the trough is machined all over,
so as to present a uniformly smooth surface.
The vat A is provided in its centre with a boss a preferably conical. A cast iron
hollow shaft C encasing a central vertical solid shaft D passes through the boss a,
and is provided externally a little above the boss with a disc a' which can turn on
rollers, placed between it and the upper surface of the aforesaid boss. By this
arrangement the friction is lessened. The hollow shaft C is free to rotate within
the central boss a of the trough which guides it, the solid shaft D acts also as a guide
to the hollow one, so that it is kept perfectly vertical.
The hollow shaft C is cast with a radial arm standing above the trough and
provided at its outer end with a vertical tube guiding and supporting the vertical
shaft J of a mixer T of a special construction shown in Figures 3 and 4, and forming
a feature of our invention.
This mixer T consists essentially of a metallic plate_whose extremities are curved
in opposite directions on each side of the mixer shaft J. The plate is provided with

page_text: openings and has knife edges arranged on each of its faces, so as to act on the
dough in the direction of the motion.
A bevel wheel E imparts to the hollow shaft C and, consequently, to the aforesaid
radial arm C, a rotary motion. This bevel wheel is actuated by a bevel pinion F
keyed on a shaft, which gears with a spur wheel keyed on the shaft of the driving
wheel.
The hollow shaft C is also provided with two or more radial sockets supporting
revolving stirrers N which are alternately raised and lowered by means of a cam
plate M attached to or forming part of a horizontal wheel G keyed on the upper
extremity of the aforesaid central solid shaft D. The cam plate is provided with
grooves designed so as to cause the stirrers to execute 2, 3, 4, or 5 strokes per
revolution, and is shown in reversed plan in Figure 5. The central shaft D is
fixed, being keyed solidly in a step bearing H securely fixed to the foundation on
which the kneading machine is erected.
A pinion I keyed near the upper end of the vertical shaft of the mixer T and
gearing with the horizontal spur wheel G, keyed at the extremity of the fixed vertical
shaft D, imparts to the said mixer T a rotary motion.
Each stirrer consists of two parts, see Figures 6 and 7.
The first, K, is a lever actuating the stirrer proper N, it is provided at its upper
extremity with a roller L which enters a groove in the cam plate M, which, as
already stated, alternately raises and lowers the stirrers.
The second part is the stirrer proper N, jointed to the extremity of the actuating
lever K. A cotter O secures the stirrer to the actuating lever K.
The object of this arrangement is to render it possible to lift out of the trough
-the-lower-part-of-the-stirrers, when it is wished to remove-the-dough or clean the
trough. In this case it suffices to pull out the aforesaid cottors and turn the
lower part of-the-stirrers upwards on-their joints as shown in dotted lines in
Figures 1, 7 and 8.
When cleaning the trough, a shield P, Figure 10, is placed on the mixer, the
rotating motion of which is stopped by disconnecting the sleeve R, which constitutes
a clutch arrangement. The shaft J being fixed by means of a pin, the arm carrying
the mixer is revolved so as to bring the dough to the place where it is to be
weighed.
A knife S rotating with the hollow shaft C scrapes the whole inner surface of
the trough.
The kneading machine we have now described is suitable for trade, military, or
other purposes.
In the larger size of these apparatus used in public bakehouses, the trough is
double, being composed of an outer cast iron vat within which is applied the
kneading trough proper A¹, which is here made of tinned iron or copper. The outer
cast iron vat is provided with a tap admitting the introduction or withdrawal, from
the space left between the two vessels, of hot water required for heating the kneading
trough.
As explained in the foregoing description, we have placed the driving mechanism
below the vat trough; we consider this arrangement as the most advantageous,
because the access of the vat is then entirely free. However, the actuating
mechanism may be applied above the vat by means of an arch surmounting the
latter, without affecting in any way the nature of our invention.
This apparatus may be made of any dimensions, the number and shape of the
mixers being varied to suit requirements, and any suitable metal being employed in
their construction. The trough may also be made of wood.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. A kneading or mixing machine consisting essentially of a fixed annular trough
adapted to contain the substance under treatment, a central fixed shaft, a movable

page_text: hollow shaft surrounding said fixed shaft, and a revolving mixer T carried by said
hollow shaft or projection thereof in combination with one or more reciprocating
and revolvable stirrers carried by said hollow shaft in such manner that the aforesaid
stirrers may be lifted from the said trough when desired, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
2. In a kneading machine the revolvable mixer T carrying the knife edges which
are adapted to cut the substance under treatment, and arranged substantially as
described and shown with reference to Figures 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawings.
3. The improved kneading or mixing machine taken as a whole substantially as
described and shown.
Dated this 26th do of Babe 1000