IMPROVE- MENTS IN TAPS OR VALVES FOR HOT AND COLD WATER APPARATUS
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Pawson, of Westgate, Grantham, in
the County of Lincoln, Plumber, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TAPS OR VALVES FOR HOT AND COLD WATER APPARATUS."
Sealed the 8th March 1872, and dated the 19th September 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Pawson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 19th September 1871.
I, WILLIAM PAWSON, of Westgate, Grantham, in the County of
Lincoln, Plumber, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS OR VALVES FOR HOT AND COLD WATER APPARATUS,"
to be as follows:-
These improvements relate chiefly to the employment of a loose and
separate seating of rubber or other elastic material in hot or cold water
taps or valves, which seating fits into a recess or chamber and is acted
upon by a spring or other valve for closing the passage.

page_text: The body of the tap or valve is constructed in the ordinary manner
and with a recess in the inside of the barrel for the seating to lie in. The
passage of the water (hot or cold) to the outlet is from below the seating,
through which it passes. A prolongation of the valve stem, which carries
a cone, passes into the hole in the seating and acts as a guide to the
valve. The valve is sufficiently large to prevent the bulging of the
seating and to form a hermetic joint when closed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Pawson in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 19th March 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
PAWSON, of Westgate, Grantham, in the County of Lincoln, Plumber,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the
thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Pawson, Her special licence
that I, the said William Pawson, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said William Pawson, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS
OR VALVES FOR HOT AND COLD WATER APPARATUS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Pawson, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal

page_text: Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Pawson, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, that is to say:
These improvements relate chiefly to the employment of a loose and
separate seating of rubber or other elastic material in hot and cold water
taps or valves, which seating fits into a recess or chamber and is acted
upon by a spring or other valve for closing the passage.
The body of the tap or valve is constructed in the ordinary manner
and with a recess in the inside of the barrel for the seating to lie in. The
passage of the water (hot or cold) to the outlet is from below or at the
back of the seating through which it passes. A prolongation of the valve
stem which carries a cone, passes into the hole in the seating and acts
as a guide to the valve. The valve is sufficiently large to prevent the
bulging of the seating and to form a hermetic joint when closed.
In some cases the stem has a rubber collar or washer to bear upon a
shoulder and forms a spring to close the passage when the hand is
removed from the handle or lever.
!
The method of arranging the valve is clearly exemplified in the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which Figure 1 is a sectional
elevation and Figure 2 an exterior view of a tap with a passage through
it, as indicated by the arrows.
The body of the tap is recessed at a, a, to receive a washer or ring of
rubber or other somewhat flexible or elastic material 'b, upon which the
valve e acts to close the passage when the key or hand wheel d is turned
in one direction. The stem g is screw-threaded for engaging into the
threaded socket f, and its upper part h, which is plain, passes through the
packing held in place by the box and the cap i, the cap being threaded
to take over the threaded top k to prevent escape of liquid at that part
and also to serve as a guide to the stem and valve. The valve is a
detachable piece of metal, and is keyed to the stem so that the stem may
turn freely without a corresponding motion being imparted to the valve,
By this means all twist or grinding upon the rubber seating is prevented

page_text: when the valve is forced down upon it by the turning of the handle.
The valve has a cone j at its lower end, and this serves to guide it on to
its seat should the pin or key become loose or fall out from any
unforeseen cause, the neck of the valve being long enough to prevent it
leaving the stem, at whatever height the stem may be raised.
Figures 3 and 4 show a modified form of tap in which the cap and
packing at the top are dispensed with. The same letters refer to the
same parts of these Figures as in the previous ones, both being of the
form known as the "bib" tap provided with a nozzle or bib m.
Figures 5 and 6 represent a Patent nose tap, the valve e of which is
acted upon by a handle n from the front, the handle working upon
a fulcrum pin p, with its short arm in a slot of the valve stem h, so
that it can partake of a movement to the rear upon the forward pull of
the handle n. The stem in this case carries a collar q, which is recessed
to hold the washer 6 in place so that it moves with the stem, the washer
being free to bear against the shoulder » of the passage leading to the
outlet nozzle m. The fore end of the stem h has a discs on it, or it
passes through one as a guide, its rear end working in a socket t attached
to the belly u by cross bars.
r
There is nothing novel in the exterior form of the taps shown, but
I have represented them as the most convenient ones to which my
Invention is specially applicable, though by slight modifications in the
internal arrangements of all other taps my valve and seating can be
made available, whether the taps be used for hot or cold liquids, and also
whether springs are employed to hold the valve to its seat or the
pressure of the liquid from behind, above, or below.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention and in
what manner the same is be performed, I declare that I claim as my
Invention,
Fitting or arranging a loose or separate seating of elastic material in
the body or to the stem of a tap or valve for effectually closing the
passage substantially, as described and shown..
Secondly. I claim recessing the body or stem of a tap or some other
part thereof for receiving an elastic seating upon which a valve can act,
for the purposes set forth.

page_text: Thirdly. I claim the means of closing passages through taps whether
the elastic washers or valves are caused to act in either of the ways set
forth or in any other way, so long as the loose elastic washer or seating
forms the essential feature for closing the passage as described.
Thirdly. I claim the means of closing passages through taps whether
the elastic washers or valves are caused to act in either of the ways set
forth or in any other way, so long as the loose elastic washer or seating
forms the essential feature for closing the passage as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Pawson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Pawson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.