IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel O'Neill, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING."
ealed the 16th June 1876, and dated the 21st April 1876.
DI BOLT HOTION felt oy, the said Samuel Neill at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st April 1876.
SAMUEL O'NEILL, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster.
WEAVING."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
My Invention relates more particularly to the manufacture of beaverteens, vel-
veteens, moleskins, thickset, or other cords, and such like fabrics of cotton, wool,
linen, or flax, and consists in working the so-called face ends in pairs or treble
instead of single as heretofore, thereby forming a more compact face for finishing,
and more or less avoiding the faults in the cloth commonly called face ends. Also
in forming the backs of such fabrics by floating each back pick under six warp
threads or ends, and over three warp threads or ends consecutively; or under five
and over four ends; or under three and over three ends; or under four and over
two ends consecutively; or in the use of two or more of the above combinations
collectively, in lieu of the old Genoa or three-leaf twill. Thus by taking nine,
twelve, or more ends to the draft or gait over instead of six as at present. Working
the face ends in pairs or otherwise; and also by taking twelve or more ends
working the back ends in pairs or otherwise.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by the
said Samuel O'Neill in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th October 1876.
SAMUEL O'NEILL, of the Strand, in the City of Westminster.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN WEAVING."
This Invention relates to the manufacture of so-called beaverteens or velveteens,
and such like fabrics of cotton, linen, flax, or jute, the object being to form a more
compact face for finishing than hitherto, to minimise the faults liable to get into the
cloth commonly called face ends, and to produce a back which shall be of a com-
paratively loose texture, in order to present a superior surface for "raising."
[Price Gd]

page_text: These advantages I attain as follows:-I gain a more compact face and minimise
the faults called face ends by working the face ends in pairs or in three's, instead
of working with only one end as hitherto; and to obtain a looser and consequently
a better back for raising I make the weft thread float or extend under five or
more ends consecutively, instead of only floating under two ends consecutively as
in the old cloth.
In order more fully to describe the nature of my Invention I have annexed
diagram Drawings showing the manner, under slight variations, of attaining the
above-mentioned objects.
Fig. 1 represents the mode of working with nine ends to the draft or gait over
instead of with six as in the old cloth, but twelve ends or more can be used, as
shown in Figs. 5 and 6. The warp threads can be drawn in the healds and worked
as shown in any of the six diagrams.
In referring to Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 it will be seen that I make each wept pick to
the face to float or extend over seven warp ends and under two; in Fig. 5 each
pick to the face floats over ten and under two ends; and in Fig. 6 over twelve
and under three ends, whereas in the old beaverteen each wept pick to the face
floats over five warp threads and under one only.
In forming the backs of Figs. 1 and 3 I make each pick to the back float over
three and under six warp threads, or as in Fig. 2 over four and under five warp
threads, or as in Fig. 5 over eight and under four warp threads, or as in Fig. 6
over three and under twelve warp threads consecutively. In forming the back of
the old beaverteen each weft pick floats over one warp end and under two, giving
what is called the three leaved or three end twill, a surface very inferior for raising
or carding into a rich woolly appearance to the surfaces produced by diagrams
Figs. 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6.
I may here remark that for light cloths it may be found an advantage to adopt
the draft and treading as shown in Fig. 4, which is similar. to the old beaverteen,
with this exception, that I work the face ends in pairs or in three's instead of
singly, whereby, besides other advantages, I minimise the so-called weavers' faults
so common in the old cloth.
Fig. 3 produces exactly the same cloth as Fig. 1, and is only inserted here to
show how easy it is to gain the same result by slightly altering the treading and
draft.
Fig. 5 gives a similar cloth to Fig. 1, but in this instance I work the back ends
in pairs also; there are twelve ends to the draft, and the number of healds used
may be from six to twelve.
Fig. 6 differs from Fig. 5 in that the face ends are worked in three's instead of in
pairs.
Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b are respectively diagrams of cloth face and back as produced
by Fig. 1, in which each pick for the face floats under two and over seven ends, and
for the back over three and under six ends. In all the Figures it will be seen that
each back pick is followed by two face picks.
I may state that among other advantages derivable from my improved mode of
weaving I can use warps which are cheaper than the warps generally used for
beaverteens, and I make my improved cloth with scarcely any danger of face
ends getting in. From this it follows that besides other important advantages
the productive capacity of the loom will be increased, and as the weft thread is
subjected to less friction in the beating up than heretofore, it is in no danger of
being broken or chopped, as it generally termed. This clotl will besides feel
much fuller or thicker in the hand and more pliable in wear, and owing to its
having more warp threads and the face being faster bound than the old cloth, it
will have a finer appearance when finished and will be more durable in wear, and
can if required be made much heavier than it is possible to make the old cloth.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "Improvements in Weaving."
and explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be under-
stood that under the above in part recited Letters Patent I claim the manufacture

page_text: of that class of fabrics known as beaverteens or velvelteens in the manner above
described, whereby I obtain a compact face combined with a comparatively loose
back for the purposes set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel O'Neill, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Sixth day of October, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-six.
SAMUEL O'NEILL.
(L.S.)