IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND FORCING FLUIDS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Philip Tregaskis, of Stratford, in the County
of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND
FORCING FLUIDS."
Sealed the 20th October 1864, and dated the 23rd April 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Philip Tregaskis
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd April 1864.
I, THOMAS PHILIP TREGASKIS, of Stratford, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
RAISING AND FORCING FLUIDS," to be as follows:-..
A stationary circular tube, of any convenient length and diameter, is placed
in a vertical position. It has revolving within it, at the centre, an axle, round
which is fixed firmly and adherently a spiral fan or inclined plane (which
forms as it were a horizontal wheel revolving within the tube). The horizontal
edges of the spiral fan diverge from the axle by cycloidal curves (by preference)
and continue in this manner till they reach the circumference of the tube.
This inclined plane may describe one circumference round the axle (or more
or less, as convenient). The axle works in sockets fixed underneath as well
as above the fan at any convenient distances. Immediately above or below
(or both above and below) the fan the tube is divided by means of any number

page_text: of vertical partitions made adherent to the tube and formed so that the hori-
zontal edges of the spiral fan as it revolves may correspond successively to each
and every one of the horizontal edges of the vertical partitions. The apparatus
being plunged into water so that the fan and partitions are under water, the
spiral fan is made to revolve in the same direction as that in which the hori-
zontal edges of the spiral fan (or partitions) converge from the axis towards
the circumference of the tube, the water being prevented from revolving in the
tube by the partitions is compelled by the spiral fan or inclined plane to rush
up the tube at a rate proportioned to the velocity at which the spiral fan
revolves.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Philip Tregaskis in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 22nd October 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
PHILIP TREGASKIS, of Stratford, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Thomas Philip Tregaskis, Her special licence that I, the said Thomas
Philip Tregaskis, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Thomas Philip Tregaskis, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND FORCING FLUIDS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Thomas Philip Tregaskis, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Philip Tregaskis, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-

page_text: lowing statement in writing, and on reference to the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings, that is to say:-
In carrying out my said Invention of improved apparatus for raising and
forcing fluids a stationary circular tube, of any convenient length and diameter,
is to be placed in a vertical position. It is to have revolving within it an
axle, round which is fixed firmly a spiral fan or inclined plane, which forms as
it were a horizontal wheel revolving within the tube near to the lower end
thereof. The edges (horizontal or otherwise to suit convenience) of the spiral
fan diverge from the axle by cycloidal curves (by preference) and continue in
this manner till they reach either the circumference of the tube or the circular
band (if one be used) which may surround and strengthen the spiral fan, and
which in this case should be fixed to the spiral fan and placed between it and
the stationary tube so as to revolve with the spiral fan. The inclined plane
may describe one circumference round the axle (or more or less, as convenient).
The inclination of the plane may be greater or less near the centre or round
about the axle than at the circumference. The axle works in sockets or
bearings fixed underneath as well as above the fan at any convenient dis-
tances. Immediately above or below (or both above and below) the fan the
stationary tube is divided by means of any number of stationary vertical, or
inclined, or curved partitions, which may be attached to circular cases fixed
firmly in the stationary tube or to the tube itself, as most convenient. The
axle, or that part of the axle surrounded by the partitions, may be separated
from the partitions by means of a smaller stationary tube fixed to and sup-
ported by the vertical or other partitions. The vertical or other partitions
may be straight or curved, or formed so that the horizontal edges of the spiral
fan, as it revolves, may correspond successively to each and every one of the
said partitions, or the horizontal edges of the spiral fan may be much more or
less curved than the horizontal edges of the partitions. The apparatus being
plunged into water so that the fan and partitions are under water, the axle
with the spiral fan is made to revolve in the same direction as that in which
the horizontal edges of the spiral fan (or partitions) diverge from the axis
towards the circumference of the tube, the water being prevented from
revolving in the tube by the partitions is compelled by the spiral fan or inclined
plane to rush up the tube at a rate proportioned to the velocity at which the
spiral fan revolves. It is evident that any number of sets of partitions and fans
may be used (one above the other) where water is required to be raised to a
very great height.
Such being the nature and object of my said Invention for "Improved
Apparatus for Raising and Forcing Fluids," I will now proceed to describe

page_text: more in detail the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or
carried into practical effect; and in order that the same may be distinctly
understood I have annexed hereunto a Sheet of Drawings illustrative thereof,
and have marked the same with figures and letters of reference corresponding
with those in the following explanation thereof, that is to say:-
Figure 1 is a vertical section of the upper and lower ends of my improved.
apparatus. The intermediate length of the fixed tube and the central axis will
depend upon the depth of the well or other place from which the water or
other fluid is to be raised or forced.
a, a, is a fixed or stationary tube which is to be supported in any convenient
and suitable manner in the well or other place from which the water is to be
drawn. This tube is to be open at the top and bottom, and in the centre
thereof a revolving axle b, b, is supported in suitable bearings c, c, being driven
by means of a strap passing around the pulley d, d, at or near the top thereof.
Near to the lower end of this axle b, b, is fixed the horizontal wheel or spiral
fan e, e, which is strengthened by a cylindrical strip or band f, f, round its
periphery. The form of the upper edge of this fan may be straight, but I
prefer that it should be curved, as shewn in the plan view, Figure 2, which
represents a single spiral fan; but if it should be preferred to make the
plane of the fan at a greater angle of inclination, then a double spiral fan, as
represented at Figure 3, should be used. In order to prevent the water in the
fixed tube from turning round with the fan instead of ascending the tube I
place in the tube (both above and below the fan) a series of fixed radial par-
titions g,g, which may either radiate or diverge from the centre in straight
lines or may be curved to correspond with the curve of the edge of the fan, as
shewn in Figure 4.
Another and improved form of spiral fan is shewn at Figure 5. In this
form the inclined plane e, e, completes a circle, as in Figure 2, and is then
continued at right angles to the axle, in the form shewn at i, i, so that this
part always revolves parallel with the edges of the partitions g, g, both above
and below. It will be evident that if this apparatus be plunged in a well.or
other place with the fan and partitions below the level of the water or other
liquid, and the axle set in rapid motion, the water or fluid being prevented by
the fixed partitions from revolving in the tube with the fan will (by the action
of the latter) be forced to ascend the tube, and will be delivered by the
spout h, h.
Having now particularly described the nature and object of my said Invention
for Improved Apparatus for Raising and Forcing Fluids," together with the
manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried into

page_text: practical effect, I would remark, in conclusion, that I claim as my Invention
the improved apparatus for raising and forcing fluids, as above described and
exhibited in the Drawing annexed, or any mere modification or imitation
thereof, constructed and operating in substantially the same or a similar
5 manner.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Philip Tregaskis, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
T. P. TREGASKIS. (L.S.)