A Double Acting or Duplex Oil Engine.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Aug., 1896-Accepted, 19th Dec., 1896
A Double Acting or Duplex Oil Engine.
I, SAMUEL SIDNEY BROMHEAD of 97, Newgate Street London Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same (is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
"
In the course of experiments made with the new "duplex system for gas
engines, forming the subject of the British Patent No. 4163 of the 24 February
1896, I have observed, that its features would ronder its use advantageous by the
employment of petroleum oil for applying it to auto-motor vehicles, and have thus
been induced to study and design the arrangement represented in the accompanying
drawings, in which:
Figs. 1 and 2 are respectively a sectional elevation and a sectional plan of the
engine, and
Fig. 3 represents a sectional rear view of the distributing gear.
In principle this engine has its four periods in one revolution, like the generality
of other petroleum motore, but it differs in this, that the explosive charge, instead
of being compressed and ignited in its entirety, at the bottom or one end of the
cylinder where the pistou has drawn it, is divided at the moment of compression,
so as to retain only half the volume on the side of the piston where the charging
takes place, and to cause the other half of the volume to pass in front of the piston
to the portion of the cylinder which is closed for this purpose, as in a steam
engine.
The piston has the usual piston rod passing through a stufling box in the cylinder
cover, in order to be attached to the connecting rod; it therefore follows that the
first half-volume is compressed, then ignited, and while its expansion performs its
work, the second half-volume is in its turn compressed and ignited, thus giving two
explosions in one revolution; moreover, as the expansion of the ignited gases is
prolonged to such an extent, that their volume shall be double the original volume,
it follows that this expansion causes the pressure at the moment of exhaustion to
be little above the atmospheric pressure.
From this I gain the following advantages:-(1) Improved capacity. (2) Silent
exbaust. (3) Greater lowering of the temperature of the burot products, and
consequently less water is needed for cooling, and (4) Better utilization of the
work by distributing it upon two strokes instead of one stroke during two
revolutions.
By adding a second cylinder the piston of which actuates a crank, keyed
opposite to that of the first cylinder, that is to say, at 180 degrees, I obtain an
explosion in each stroke of one or the other of the pistons, and moreover, the
equilibrium of the parts in motion is then rigorous enough for occasioning little or
no disagreeable vibration which is produced by petroleum engines heretofore employed
ou auto-motor vehicles, which also enables me to operate my engine at a high speed,
and obtain increased power for a small weight.
My engine is also suitable for actuating a dynamo, tho current of which is
conducted to an electric motor, operating the axle of driving wheels in a manner
analogous to the "Hilmann locomotive," and thus dispense with the gear for
changing the speed and for reversing the motion, while obtaining the variations in
the most practical manner by the simple operation of a comutator. enabling the

page_text: current to be transmitted to the notor joined for tension or quantity, or the current
to be reversed for the rearward motion.
The cylinders A and B of the motor, closed at the ends by the covers a¹, b', are
jackelted to receive a circulation of water, for cooling the rod of the piston C,
which is guided therein through a stuffing box E, provided with packing
segments D to these rods are attached the usual connecting rods F, F, actuating
the crank pins G' and H' on the disc cranks G, H keyed at 180 degrees apart
upou the shaft 1.
Upon the shaft I is a helical pinion J, engaging with another pinion K, placed
at right angles to J and operating the distributing shaft L the proportion being
80, that this shaft L makes a revolution for two of the shaft I.
Upon the shaft L are mounted the cams M, M', actuating the valves N, N', for
the admission of air, and O, O', for the admission of petroleum; the cams P, P
and Q, Q, actuate the valves p, pq, q' for introducing the mixture, and lastly,
the cams R, R, S, S', actuate the valves r, r, s, s¹, for the exhaust. Valves O, N
being precisely similar to their corresponding valves O', N', they are not shewn.
The distribution for the cylinder A takes place as follows:-At the moment
of charging, the cam M acting upon the roller m, opens the valve N, allowing the
admission of air at a bigh temperature and to pass through the pipes T in order to
be heated, in the lamp boxes of the ignition tubes t, t'. A finger U, placed upon
the lever m! bears upon the oscillating arm V of the angular lever V, X, and
actuates at the rod O', uncovers the orifice C, allowing the petroleum oil
conducted by the pipe d to enter the pipe e, whence it drops down into the interior
of the small conical basket of wire gauze, and vaporized therein by the action
of the current of hot air, with which it is mixed. The mixture of air and oil
vapour is then introduced through the passage g, h, (Fig. 1) into the part A of the
cylinder by the opening of the valve p, actuated by the lever and the cam P.
In the return movement of the piston C, at the moment of compression, the
admission valves N and O aro closed, the valve p' is opened, and the mixture,
forced from A, passes iuto the other part A' of the cylinder, the valve p remaining
open for this purpose during half the stroke.
At this moment, the piston continuing its movement, the valve p is closed again,
the remaining balf-volume is compressed at A, and then at the dead point of
the crank, is ignited by the small platinum tube heated to red heat by an oil.
lamp 7.
Work is then performed and during this time, the valve pl being closed again,
the second half-volume is compressed at A', and then is ignited at the dead point
by the tube similarly to that heretofore described. During this ignition the
exhaust valve r is opened, and allows the burnt gases contained in A to escape
into the atmosphere. In the return movement of the piston the same thing takes
place at A' for the escape of the burnt gases, through the valve r.
Upon the shaft L is mounted a centrifugal governor k which by its action will,
in the event of the engine racing, by the rods, cause the oscillating arm V of
the lever V, X, to be displaced, so that the finger U will avoid it at the proper
time for the admission of petroleum by means of the cam M, and will only allow
air to be introduced into the cylinder; the plug rod O' remaining closed and thus
stopping the supply of petroleum.
The details of this centrifugal governor k are as follows:- is a boss or ring
which is pinned or otherwise secured to the shaft L so that it may rotate therewith.
This boss is provided with two horizontal arms and same are pivotted at their
ends to a pair of weighted curved levers which centre about the pivot k. The
other ends of the levers are curved inwards towards shaft L and are provided
with teeth to engage corresponding teeth on the end of a sliding sleove 4* placed
around shaft L. The opposite end of the sleeve is pivotted by a yoke engaging
with a circular groove in the end of the sleeve to the rod ', the end of which,
when the engine is racing strikes the oscillating arm of the lever VX and this
action temporarily arrests the supply of oil to the cylinder as abovo described.

page_text: For the cylinder B the distribution is effected in a mauner analogous to that of
the cylinder A, but the charging action takes place in such a manner, that the
iguition of the first half-volume takes place on the side B, and this results in two
explosions during each revolution of the driving shaft 1.
Upon the disc crank G is fixed a bevel wheel 1' driving by a similar wheel 2, a
shaft 3, carrying the coupling sleeve of the system actuating the wheels of the
carriage.
For starting the engine, the periphery of the disc crank G is provided with
helical teeth which gear with a similarly toothed wheel 5, placed at right angles to
the disc crank G. This gear is made in such a proportion that when turning the
crank 6, four times, I give one turn to the engine.
The shaft 7 carrying the helical wheel slides in a squared sleeve of the
crank 6. I commence by pushing this shaft in order to cause the screw teeth to
gear with thoso on the disc crank G and then, by turning the crank 6 the teeth of
wheel 6 engages until it butts against the sleeve 8, so that, when continuing to
turn, the wheel 5 not being able to advance forces the disc G to turn and thus sets
the engine in motion.
But as soon as the first explosion has been effected the crank disc receiving an
impulsion of greater velocity than that given by the crank 6, drives back the
helical wheel 5 and also the shaft 7 until it is disengaged from the teeth of the
disc.
It is then sufficient to pull the shaft a little, and cause the stop notch 9 to be
held by the spring 10 provided for this purpose.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed declare that what I
claim is:-
1. In a double acting or duplex oil or petroleum engine specially intended for
use in driving auto-motor vehicles, the employment of the means herein described
whereby an explosion is obtained alternately in either cylinder at every revolution
of the engine, which results in the following advantages: (a) improved capacity
for work; (b) effecting a decrease in the temperature of the burnt gases and thereby
the need of less water for cooling the cylinders; (c) producing a practically
silent exhaust; (d) the better utilization of the power owing to its being dis-
tributed over two strokes instead of one stroke during two revolutions; (e) little
or no vibration, and () greater expausion of the gases ns herein described and
set forth.
2. In a duplex oil engine the special distributing valve gear, consisting of the
cams M, M, valves N, N, O, O', cams P, P, Q, Q, valves p, p, q, q',
cams R, R, S, S', valves r, r, s, s', finger U, angular lever V, X, and distributing
shaft L, rotated by helical gear J, K, for operating the valvo gear, as herein
described and set forth.
3. In a duplex oil engine the special form of centrifugal governor k, and
complementary rods A', for automatically shutting off the supply of oil when the
engine commences to race, as herein described and set forth.
4. In a duplex oil engine, the special means specified for starting the engine,
consisting of the helical gear G, 5, shaft 7, crank handle 6, stop notch 9, spring 10,
and bracket 8, as herein described and set forth.
5. In a duplex oil engine, the combination of the matter claimed in the previous
four claims, with cylinders A, B, with or without a water jacket, connecting
rods F, F, disc cranks G, H, driving shaft I, ignition device t', t, i, pipes d, e,
passages g, h, with vapourising basket f, and bevel gear 1, 2, and shaft 3, for
driving the vehicle, as herein described and set forth.
ليمي
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