IMPROVED NUTS
Year: 1884

page_text: I ALONZO JOHNSON, of the City of Springfield County of Hampden and State of
Massachusetts, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED NUTS" and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This Invention relates to improvements in bolt nuts, the object being to provide
a nut of improved form and construction whereby a nut is made which is adapted
for all of the ordinary uses of a common nut, and which is, if desired, a self locking
one, and furthermore to provide a nut which embodies in its construction, less iron
or other metal, than does an ordinary one, without reducing its power to resist
the strain put upon it when screwed on to a bolt, and also to provide such an
improved nut in respect to the metal it contains and the cost of making it, and
the greater number which can be produced of a given size, from a ton of iron, as
results in a great economy of manufacture.
In the Drawing forming part of this Specification
Fig. 1 illustrates a square, and
Fig. 2 a hexagon nut constructed according to this Invention.
Fig. 3 shows a nut with one face arched.
Fig. 4 illustrates the form which the nut takes when screwed on to a bolt with
force against an object.
Fig. 5 is a section of one end of the nut.
In the Drawing, A, is the nut, which is of the usual rectangular or hexagonal
form, but one or both of its faces is provided with an arched or concave central
portion & having two continuous hearing surfaces c c on each side. The arched
portion of the face of the nut is between the straight bearing faces c c, on each side
of the arch, which faces c c are in the same plane, so that when the nut is screwed
against an object each of the faces c, provides a bearing under the entire side of the
nut on which it is, and any deflection of the surface of the nut occasioned by.
screwing it down, is on a centre line parallel with the faces c c through the crown
of the arch and the centre of the bolt hole.
The effect of screwing the nut A forcibly against an object is illustrated in Fig. 4;
in which b is the bolt, and the line h, represents the face of said object. In said
Figure is shown the effect. of the strain on the nut whereby the latter is made to
ei gage more and more with the thread of the bolt as the strain increases. The
[Prins Ad I

page_text: upper opposite sides over which are the letters c c, are drawn towards the bolt, and
consequently, the upper part of the nut adjoining said opposite sides is so forced
against the bolt b that the nut thereby becomes tightly locked on the latter and
will not shake loose, even though the face h, against which it bears should become
.worn away.
This nut may be employed under all circumstances where a plain faced ordinary
nut is used or by forcing it sufficiently it becomes an efficient lock-nut.
The manufacture of this nut does not require that any portion of the iron be
sawed out of it to convert a solid nut into a lock nut as is the case with many of
the latter class, heretofore made in sawing some of which the waste is very
considerable. The nut herein'described and shown is formed by pressing it into
the shape shown, whereby no such waste as is above referred to can occur and the
nut is much lighter than a plain faced nut of the same size, equivalent to the
weight of iron required to fill the concave spaces on its sides. Therefore more nuts
are made from a ton of iron when their sides are arched as shown.
For ordinary purposes, or when the nuts are not to be subjected to uncommon.
strain they are made irrespective of the direction' in which the rolled grain of the
iron runs in the nut.
Ordinarily I make my improved nuts by cutting them off from a flat rolled iron
bar, and by subsequently pressing such pieces to make the arched portion d. The
curve of the arch is formed in the direction in which the grain of the iron runs
when nuts of the greatest strength are required as shewn in Fig. 5, in which Figure
the wavy sectional lines represent to a certain extent the appearance of the iron in
a rolled bar when broken longitudinally.
Fig. 3 illustrates a nut having only one side made like the opposite sides of that
shown in Fig. 1 this form may be adapted for some kinds of work but the action
of the nut is much better when doubly arched.
When these 'nuts are made with the curved portion thereof running in the
direction of the grain of the iron as above described although they are thinner
between the crown of the arches than a plain sided nut I have discovered that they
have a greater power of resistance than the latter...
+
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
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1. A nut having two parallel straight edge bearing surfaces on the same side and
recessed between the bearings substantially as set forth.
1
2. A nut having two parallel straight edge bearing' surfaces on the same side of
face between which surfaces is an arched shaped concavity; the curve of which is
in the direction in which the rolled grain, of the iron'runs of which the nut is made,
substantially as set forth.
1. 1
.3
1
tt
3.-A.nut having two opposite straight bearing surfaces on both its sides, between
which surfaces is an arch shaped concavity extending from edge to edge of the nut
substantially as set forth.