Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres.
I, JOHN PERKINS JACKSON, 63, Duke Street, Liverpool, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
-
My tyre consists of an outer cover with thickened edges as in the Palmer or
Clincher tyre, except that the hooking edges are on the inner side of the cover
instead of the outer. The edges do not hook into the rim but into two grooves
or hook-like channels on the underside of a false or second rim, which may be
made of canvas and rubber or any other suitable material, but it must either be
flexible or so arranged on the rim that the hooking edges of the cover may readily be
inserted under it, that is between it and the rim proper. The pattern of false
rim that I prefer is an endless strip of canvas and rubber which in the centre
of its underside is solutioned or otherwise fixed to the rim. I then make the
inner side of the hooking edges both of the false rim and the cover of soft smooth
rubber so that when they are hooked one into the other an airtight joint may be
made between them. The metal rim I make of a plain dished or curved pattern.
To inflate the tyre the hooked edges of the rim are slipped under the hooked
edges of the false rim and between them and the rim and are held between the
two. The false rim is so made or moulded that it closes firmly against the edge
of the cover and makes an initial joint and then as more air is pumped into the
tyre the two hooked edges on each side are held firmly together by the internal
air pressure. By this means an inner air tube is not necessary, but I still some-
times use one where it appears to offer an advantage.
In a modification of my tyre I open the cover from one side only and I do this
either by solutioning together the two hooking edges on the other side of the tyre
or I dispense with the false rim altogether and I hook one edge of the cover
into the other, the inner hooking edge of the cover being then formed exactly
as described for the hooking edge of the false rim and the outer hooking edge of
the cover being made to suit. In this way the same initial joint may be made
as has already been described. The cover must then be solutioned or secured to the
rim. The rim may be made with a slight recess in which the hooking edge of
the cover may lie so as to remain in position and I may also make the false rim
or where that is dispensed with, the inner hooking edge of the cover, of pliable
rubber and of such a size and shape that it has to be slightly pulled or dis-
tended in order to put the hooking edge of the cover into position, and by one
edge grasping the other the initial joint is more readily made.
41
1
£ 1000

page_text: Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres.
I, JOHN PERKINS JACKSON, of 63, Duke Street, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to certain improvements in pneumatic or air-inflated 5
tyres for the wheels of cycles or other road vehicles and the like and consists
essentially of an improved method of joining or connecting together the edges
of the outer cover of the primary part of tyres of the detachable class and is
applicable to both the "single tube" and double tube" order.
My said improvement consists in constructing the edges of the said cover of
hook formation, the points of which turn inwards and engage corresponding
hook-formed edges of an inner or secondary flexible rim, termed in my Provisional
Specification a false or second rim." This secondary flexible rim or band
is made of rubber or its equivalent and is reinforced with canvas or other woven
fibrous material.
As is well known when a woven fabric is employed for the purpose of strengthen-
ing or reinforcing rubber bands, strips or tubes, if the strands thereof are arranged
longitudinally and transversely in regard thereto, it has the effect of destroying
or counteracting the elasticity of the rubber to which it is applied, but if the
strands be arranged diagonally thereto it strengthens or reinforces the rubber
in an equal degree but does not at the same time altogether destroy or materially
affect the elasticity thereof, except to the extent that it cannot be stretched or
extended both ways i.e., transversely and longitudinally simultaneously, but on
the other hand will, when stretched longitudinally, contract transversely and
vice versa.
In the construction of my said inner flexible rim or band I take advantage of
this property and reinforce the same with canvas arranged diagonally, which
allows of its being distended or stretched circumferentially to allow the insertion
of the hooked edges of the outer cover beneath the same.
The surfaces of the hook formations upon both the edges of the outer cover
and inner rim or band may or may not be faced with pure soft rubber, so that
when in contact they may or may not make a practically air-tight joint.
The said inner rim or band is attached in the centre thereof to the primary
rim or rim proper of the wheel by cement rubber solution or other means.
Tyres made upon my improved plan may be adapted to wheel rims of any
ordinary curved or dished formation.
In a modification of my said invention I attach one edge of my said inner
band permanently to one edge of the said outer cover, or in other words I make
the said band in the form of a continuation of the outer cover, which engages
the other or free edge thereof, the formation of the said free edge being the same
as in the case of the inner rim or band already described. That part of the
outer cover which is continued within the rim may be attached thereto by
cement or other means, but I prefer to employ a dished rim or one having recesses
formed therein,. in which the hooking edges of the cover may lie, this species
of rim affording better support to the tyre and increasing its stability. When
such form of rim is employed the tyre may or may not be actually attached
thereto by cementing or otherwise.
Fig. 1 upon the sheet of drawings hereunto appended represents one form of
my said improved tyre, in which A is the outer cover adapted to fit a rim such

page_text: as B and having inner hooked edges C, C, engaging the hooked edges of the
Hexible inner rim or band D), which is attached to the rim proper at that point
where shewn in contact therewith, by cement, rubber solution or other means.
Fig. 2 represents another form of my said improved tyre in which the said
hook-edged inner rim or band has become an extension of the cover in the form
of a flap E attached permanently to one edge of the outer cover. When this
tyre is inflated the said flap is depressed, as shewn in Fig. 3, and when rein-
forced with canvas arranged diagonally thereto it distends slightly in a transverse
direction and contracts in a corresponding degree circumferentially, which has
the effect of drawing the hooking parts together and at the same time nipping
the edges of the cover to the rim.
I may or may not employ an inner or separate air tube in combination with
my improved tyre as herein described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. In pneumatic or air-inflated tyres for the wheels of cycles, road vehicles and
the like, the combination, with an outer cover having inwardly hooked edges, of
an inner or secondary flexible rim or band of rubber or the like having edges
of hook formation designed to engage the aforesaid hooked edges of the cover,
the said band being reinforced or strengthened by combining therewith or attach-
ing thereto a strip or strips of woven fabric, the strands of which are arranged
diagonally in regard to such band, substantially as herein described and for
the purpose stated.
2. In pneumatic tyres as above the combination, with an outer cover having
one inwardly-hooked edge, of a flexible strip, band or flap of rubber or its
equivalent attached permanently to or near the other edge of the said outer
cover, such band or flap having a hook-formed edge designed to engage the
said hooked edge of the cover, the said band or flap being reinforced or strengthened
by means of a strip or strips of woven fabric, substantially as herein described
and illustrated.
3. In pneumatic tyres as above the combination with an outer cover having
one inwardly hooked edge, of a flexible band or flap of rubber or its equivalent
attached permanently to or near the other edge of the said outer cover, such
band or flap having a hook-formed edge designed to engage the said hooked
edge of the cover, the said band or flap being reinforced or strengthened by
means of a strip or strips of woven fabric, the strands whereof are arranged
diagonally in regard to such band, substantially as herein described and for
the purpose stated.
D
1011
1
T
1900