IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO EXTINCTEURS' OR CHEMICAL FIRE " EXTINGUISHERS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Almon Mitchell Granger, of the City of New Orleans,
in the State of Louisiana, United States of America, but at present of 15,
Water Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO EXTINCTEURS' OR CHEMICAL FIRE
"
EXTINGUISHERS."
'
Sealed the 4th November 1879, and dated the 16th August 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Almon Mitchell Granger at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th August 1879.
ALMON MITCHELL GRANGER, of the City of New Orleans, in the State of
Louisiana, United States of America, but at present of 15, Water Street, Liverpool,
in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO EXTINCTEURS
OR FIRE CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHERS."
'
gas
My Invention relates to certain improvements in "extincteurs or chemical fire
extinguishers, or fire extinguishers by which the fire is smothered, got under, and
put out by means of a properly directed stream of mingled carbonic acid and
water, and the chemicals from which the said gas is generated, or the carbonic acid
gas alone projected by the pressure or expansive force of the gas generated and
contained in the vessel being the extincteur.
Extincteurs as now constructed consist of a copper or other metal vessel which
contains a solution, being bicarbonate of soda dissolved in water, or some other
like alkaline solution that will give off carbonic acid gas upon being mixed or inter-
mingled with acid, such as sulphuric or other acid. The acid is stored separately
in a bottle, or container within the extincteur, and is so arranged that it can be
broken by the blow of a hammer applied to a rod-passing out through a stuffing
box at the top of the vessel. The bottle or acid container is placed vertically
inside of and at the top of the extincteur with the breaking rod passing through a
stuffing box, the bottom of the extincteur being provided with a draw off cock to
which the discharging hose is coupled. It is found in practice that with extincteurs
thus constructed that when the gas is generated by the breaking of the acid
vessel and the intermingling of the acid with the alkaline solution, that it is
difficult to keep the gas from leaking out through the stuffing box of the breaking
rod and the packing of the extincteur cover, this is especially the case when the
T

page_text: extincteur has been standing charged for a period of time; and further, should by
accident the acid vessel get broken, and in consequence the gas generated, and the
extincteur be not immediately required that when the emergency for its use occurs
the gas has gradually leaked away and the extincteur is useless until recharged.
Further, the gas and water being drawn off and discharged from the bottom of the
vessel the mingled water carbonic acid gas and chemicals are discharged in a
state of foam.
In constructing an extincteur according to this my Invention, I use a metal
cylinder with a dome top and botton by preference of copper or steel, on the side
or top of which is soldered, or otherwise fastened, a mouth piece, by preference of
dished form. Into this mouthpiece is screwed a circular plug. provided with a
leather or other packing between it and the mouthpiece. Passing through this
plug is a spindle free to turn in the plug and provided with a collar on the inside
of the plug so that a packing ring can be placed between the collar of the spindle
and the plug. The spindle is held in position by a hollow screw nut, which bears
against the collar of the spindle and holds it up to the packing ring.
The portion
of the spindle within the extincteur is cut with a quick threaded screw on which
takes a nut or block held in guides from the plug. The bottle is held by a plate
resting against the bottom and acting by a spring which is fastened to the moveable
nut. This spring forces the collar of the spindle against its packing ring. The
upper portion of the spindle is provided with a wheel and is cut square to receive
a' spanner or key. The inside of the plug is connected to a perforated cylindrical
casing of tinned copper, or other suitable material, which is attached to the plug by
means of a bayonet or like joint. This cylindrical casing is used to contain the
acid bottle or vessel, which is inserted neck down into the perforated casing.
bottle or acid container is formed with a groove or grooved recess round its;
circumference to facilitate the breaking of the bottle, which is caused by turning
the spindle by the wheel or key and forcing the screwed sliding nut on to the bottle
or acid container. The action of breaking the bottle by this screw arrangement
forces the collar of the spindle against its packing and ensures a tight joint, whilst
the bottle or acid container being held in the cylindrical casing the broken
fragments can be easily removed. The parts for containing the acid bottle are by
preference placed horizontally in the extincteur below the water line so as to be
surrounded by the liquid in the extincteur which keeps the packing rings from
drying.
The
The contents of the extincteur are discharged through an internal pipe provided
with a perforated rose at its lower end. The pipe rises up through the extincteur.
and is connected to a hose by a union at the top of the extincteur. A stop cock
may be provided at the top of the discharge pipe, or at the end of the hose." The
advantage of discharging the contents of the extincteur through the rising pipe is
that the forming of the liquid is reduced and leakage prevented.

page_text: "
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Almon Mitchell Granger in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
13th February 1880.
ALMON MITCHELL GRANGER, of the City of New Orleans, in the State of
Louisiana, United States of America, but at present of 15, Water Street, Liverpool,
in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO EXTINCTEURS'
OR CHEMICAL FIRE EXTINGUISHERS."
My Invention relates to certain improvements in "extincteurs," or chemical firo
extinguishers, or fire extinguishers by which the fire is smothered, got under, and
put out by means of a properly directed stream of mingled carbonic acid gas and
water, and the chemicals from which the said gas is generated, or the carbonic acid
gas alone, projected by the pressure or expansive force of the gas generated and
contained in the vessel being the extincteur.
Extincteurs as now constructed consist of a copper or other metal vessel which
contains a solution, being bicarbonate of soda dissolved in water, or some other
like alkaline solution that will give off carbonic acid gas upon being mixed or inter-
mingled with acid, such as sulphuric or other acid. The acid is stored separately
in a bottle or container within the extincteur, and is so arranged that it can be
broken by the blow of a hammer applied to;a rod passing out through a stuffing
box at the top of the vessel. The bottle or acid container is placed vertically
inside of and at the top of the extincteur, with the breaking rod passing out
through a stuffing box; the bottom of the extincteur being provided with a draw off
cock to which the discharging hose is coupled. It is found in practice that with
extincteurs thus constructed that when the gas is generated by the breaking of the
acid vessel and the intermingling of the acid with the alkaline solution, that it is
difficult to keep the gas from leaking out through the stuffing box of the breaking
rod and the packing of the extincteur cover, this is especially the case when the
extincteur has been standing charged for a period of time; and further, should by
accident the acid vessel get broken, and in consequence the gas generated, and the
extincteur be not immediately required, that when the emergency for its use occurs
the gas has gradually leaked away, and the extincteur is useless until re-charged.
Further, the gase and water being drawn off and discharged from the bottom of the
vessel, the mingled water carbonic acid gas and chemicals are discharged in a stato
of foam.
The
In constructing an extincteur according to this my Invention, I use a metal
cylinder with a dome top and bottom by preference of copper or steel, on the side
or top or bottom of which is soldered or otherwise fastened a mouthpiece, by
preference of dished form. Into this mouthpiece is screwed a circular plug provided
with a leather or other packing between it and the mouthpiece. Passing through
this plug is a spindle free to turn in the plug and provided with a collar on the.
inside of the plug so that a packing ring can be placed between the collar of the
spindle and the plug. The spindle is held in position by a hollow screw nut, which
bears against the collar of the spindle and holds it up to the packing ring.
portion of the spindle within the extincteur is cut with a quick threaded screw on
which takes a nut or block held in guides from the plug. The bottle is held by a
plate resting against the bottom and, acting by a spring which is fastened to the
moveable nut. This spring forces the collar of the spindle against its packing ring.
The upper portion of the spindle is provided with a wheel, and is, cut square to
receive a spanner or key. The inside of the plug is connected to a perforated
cylindrical casing of tinned copper, or other suitable material, which is attached to
the plug by means of a bayonet or like joint. This cylindrical casing is used to
contain the acid bottle or vessel which is inserted neck down into the perforated
casing. The bottle or acid container is formed with a groove or grooved recess
round its circumference to facilitate the breaking of the bottle, which is caused by

page_text: .
turning the spindle by the wheel or key, and forcing the screwed or sliding nut
onto the bottle or acid container. The action of breaking the bottle by this screw
arrangement forces the collar of the spindle against its packing and insures a tight
joint, whilst the bottle or acid container being, held in the cylindrical casing the
broken fragments can be easily removed. The parts for containing. the acid bottle
are by preference placed horizontally in the extincteur below the water line so as to
be surrounded by the liquid in the extincteur which keeps the packing rings from
drying.
The contents of the extincteur are discharged through an internal pipe provided
with a perforated rose at its lower end. The pipe rises up through the extincteur,
and is connected to a hose by a union at the top of the extincteur. A' stop cock
may be provided at the top of the discharge pipe, or at the end of the hose." The
advantage of discharging the contents of the extincteur through the rising pipe is
that the foaming of the liquid is reduced and leakage prevented.
That my Invention may be more clearly understood, I have hereunto attached
three sheets of Drawings illustrative thereof. The Drawings are marked with
letters and figures of reference corresponding with those in the following explanation.
Like letters and figures are used to denote the same or corresponding parts
throughout the various views.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of an extincteur constructed according to my
Invention.
Figure 2 is a part sectional elevation of the nozzle and discharge pipe.
Figure 3 is a modification of Figure 2.
Figure 4 is a modified arrangement of holder for acid bottle:
Figure 5 is a modified arrangement of positioning and breaking gear for acid bottle.
Figure 6 is a modified arrangement of discharge cock and nozzle, or valve
opening device.
Figure 7 is a plan of Figure 6.
Figure 8 is a part outside view and part sectional view of an extincteur
constructed according to my Invention.
In constructing an extincteur according to this my Invention I use a metal
cylinder A with a dome top and bottom: The cylinder A is by preference of
copper or steel, and on the side, or top, or bottom there is soldered; or otherwise
fastened, a dished mouthpiece B. Into this mouthpiece is screwed a circular plug
C provided with a leather or other packing D between it and the mouthpiece B.
The plug C is screwed into the mouthpiece B, and through the centre of the plug C
there is a spindle E free to turn in the plug and provided with a collar F inside of
the plug C, so that a packing ring H can be placed between the collar F of the
spindle E and the plug C. The spindle E is held in position by a hollow screw
nut I, which bears against the collar F of the spindle and holds it up to the packing
ring H. The portion of the spindle E at E' within the extincteur is cut with a
quick threaded screw on which takes a nut or block J, held in the guides K which
aré attached to the plug C. Lis the bottle containing the acid, which is held by
the plate M and the spring N within the perforated receptacle Q The upper portion
of the spindle E is provided with a wheel R; or is cut square to receive' a spanner
or key. The inside of the plug C' is connected to the perforated casing Q to
which it is attached by a bayonet or like joint. This casing Q contains the acid
bottle L which is inserted neck down into the casing. The bottle may be formed
with a groove L¹ to facilitate breakage, which breakage is caused by turning the
spindle E and forcing the nut J onto the bottle. The action of breaking the bottle
by this screw arrangement forces the collar F of the spindle E against the packing
H and insures a tight joint; whilst the bottle or acid container being held in the
casing the broken fragments can be easily removed. The parts B, C, Q, and their
attendant parts are by preference placed in the extincteur below the water line so
as to be surrounded by the liquid in the extincteur, which keeps the packing rings
from drying. I prefer that these parts B, C, Q, should be placed at the bottom of
the extincteur, as shown at Figures 5, 6, and 7, as the breaking wheel R' is' then'at
נו

page_text: the bottom of the extincteur, and out of the way of accident, and in the most
handy position for use. The discharge cock which I prefer to form, as shown at S,
Figure 6, is conveniently situated for operation, which is effected by turning the
wheel T which operates the perforated guard U, and thereby opens the discharge
pipe V to the vessel A.
In the arrangement shown at Figure 2 the valve S is worked by the wheel T
formed on the discharge nozzle of the pipe V.
In the arrangement shown at Figure 3 the cock S is worked by the handle T.
In all cases the discharge pipe V rises up through the extincteur and is provided
with a rose or its equivalent at the lower end, so as to prevent foaming of the
liquid.
Having now described and ascertained the nature, object, and purposes of my
Invention, and shown how the same may be carried out into practical operation,
what I claim as my Invention and secured to me by Letters Patent as aforesaid is:-
First. In chemical fire extincteurs the arrangement and construction of a bottle
holding and breaking device, such as that shown at Figures 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 of the
accompanying Drawings, arranged and operating as herein set forth.
Second. Arranging and positioning the bottle holder and breaking device of
chemical fire extincteurs in the liquid as shown at Figure 1, or as shown at Figures
5, 6, and 7.
Third. In bottle holding and breaking devices for chemical fire extincteurs, the
employment of a packing ring, such as H, to perfectly seal the vessel after the
bottle has been broken, substantially as herein described and illustrated.
Fourth. The arrangement of discharge pipe V, valve S, and operating handle T,
as illustrated at Figures 2, 3, and 6 of the accompanying Drawings, operating
substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Almon Mitchell Granger, have hereunto, set
my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
ALMON MITCHELL GRANGER (L.S.)