IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PULVERIZING, CRUSHING, GRINDING, AND REDUCING METALLIFEROUS ORES OR OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Stevens, of Crowan, in the County of Cornwall, Tin
Dresser, and Roger Vivian, of Camborne, in the said County of Cornwall,
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PULVERIZING,
CRUSHING, GRINDING, AND REDUCING METALLIFEROUS ORES OR OTHER HARD
SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 25th February 1879, and dated the 24th December 1878.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said David Stevens and Roger Vivian
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th December 1878.
DAVID STEVENS, of Crowan, in the County of Cornwall, Tin Dresser, and ROGER
VIVIAN, of Camborne, in the said County of Cornwall, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR PULVERIZING, CRUSHING, GRINDING, AND REDUCING METAL-
LIFEROUS ORES OR OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES.”
ور
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for pulverizing,
crushing, grinding, and reducing metalliferous ores or other hard substances.
In pulverizing gravel or sand or other matters requiring reduction the difficulty
has hitherto been to secure a regular discharge of the pulverized or ground material
of the desired size, and many appliances have been used without obtaining the
desired object, in order to effect which we propose to use a round pan provided with
a revolving muller or rubber having shoes attached to its under side.
The muller or rubber works on a removeable bed at the bottom of the pan, and is
driven by suitable gear. The muller or rubber has a number of holes or vacancies
for the material to be ground to pass through.
The material or stuff to be pulverized, ground, or reduced is fed into the pan by
a hopper or shoot.

page_text: We construct the pan with perpendicular or oblique sides, and fit it with a cover,
in which are one or more radial openings for the discharge of the material. These
openings are fitted with appliances for opening or stopping the discharge at any
distance from the centre at discretion. This arrangement will effectually allow of
the material or stuff being discharged of any size required, or the like regulation of
the size of the material discharged may be secured by a system of well regulated
and close fitting rings. There is a suitable launder or conduit arranged to take off
the pulverized, ground, or crushed material to where it is to be treated, dealt with,
or dressed.
With this machine we use a number of shoes connected with the muller or rubber,
but removable at discretion; they are jagged or serrated, forming teeth presenting
an oblique front, and the upper edges of the teeth protrude above and in front of
the grinding surface of the shoe.
In another form the apparatus consists of an annular pan or trough having a
flat bottom and containing a muller or rubber fitted with shoes and revolving close
to or in contact with a removeable bed at the base or bottom of the pan or
trough.
The revolving muller or rubber has a number of holes or vacancies between where
the shoes are fitted.
The top of the pan is open for the introduction of the material to be treated, and
is fitted with shoots or other similar appliances at the outside and inside for the
discharge of the ground material when reduced to the required size.
The muller is angular in section, the face carrying the shoes being formed together
with a barrel which rises from its inner edge, and which is provided with a number
of holes passing through it in an oblique direction to direct any coarse material or
stuff that may have escaped between the shoes into the inside of the barrel back
again to be further reduced. The muller is connected with a wheel or arms revolving
above the top of the pan or trough.
The sides of the pan or trough are provided with deflecting rings arranged to
guide the material more directly to the shoes. The deflecting ring attached to the
outer side of the pan or trough slopes downwards so as to direct the material on to
the top of the muller or rubber and the deflecting ring attached to the inner side of
the pan is fixed near the bottom and slopes upwards so as to direct the larger
particles towards the holes in the barrel of the muller.
In order that our said Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect, we will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Figure 1 is a vertical section, and Figure 2 is a plan of a pulverizing, crushing,
or grinding machine constructed according to our Invention.
A, A, is the circular pan; it is provided with a cover B having one or more radial
openings, and within it works the circular muller or rubber C, carrying round with
it the shoes D, D.
Figure 3 shows separably a portion of a plan of the muller or rubber, and
Figure 4 shows separately one of the shoes.
E is the bed, against which the shoes D, D, work, and between which and the
shoes the material is triturated; this bed can be renewed when it becomes
worn.
F is a hopper fixed upon the cover and through which the material is admitted;
or this hopper may be placed in the position indicated by the dotted lines in
Figure 1, or at any other part of the cover. G, G, are the stops fitted into the
radial openings in the cover to regulate the escape of the material; H is a bevilled
:

page_text: wheel; it gears with another similar wheel not shown, and is driven by.it. The
axis I of the wheel H passes through the centre of the pan and is carried in suitable
bearings. The muller or rubber C is suspended from this axis and by means of a
screw, as the Drawing indicates, the distance of the face of the muller from that of
the bed E can be adjusted as desired.
The arrangement of the stops G can be best seen in Figure 5, which is a section
taken on the line A-B, in Figure 2; they slide in grooves in the radial openings in
the cover B, and by means of them the openings can be closed to within any desired
distance of the centre, and it will be found that the more nearly to the centre the
closing approaches, the finer will be the state of division of the material delivered
from the machine. The passage of the material through the apparatus is assisted by
a current of water.
There are ledges on either side of the radial openings, which serve to direct the
ground or reduced material into troughs by which it is conveyed away.
Figure 6 is a vertical section of another and somewhat similar machine con-
structed according to our Invention; Figure 7 is a plan of the same.
A is an annular trough or pan; it has outlets at a, a, over its sides, both at its
outer and inner circumference, and suitable pipes or troughs are provided to convey
the ground or reduced material away. B is the bed of the pan; it can be removed
and a new one substituted when it becomes worn. C is the revolving muller or
rubber; on its under surface it carries the shoes D, D, of which one is shown
separately at Figure 8, and a portion of a plan of the muller itself is shown at
Figure 9. E, E, is a wheel mounted on the driving axis and also connected as is
shown to the muller C so as to transmit motion to it. F and F are inclined rings
fixed to the sides of the pan or trough to direct the material into the track of the
shoes D. The outer ring F directs the material on to the top of the muller, and
the inner ring F" directs that which passes to the interior of the barrel of the muller
or rubber towards the inclined opening c, c, in the barrel, by which the coarser
portions will pass back to be again acted upon by the shoes. G is a bevilled wheel
driving the axis H, from which the muller or rubber is suspended as in the other
machine.
In this machine it will be observed that the muller or rubber divides the trough
or pan into two compartments, and the material can only reach the inner compart-
ment by crossing the track in which the shoes work.
The material may be delivered from either compartment, or from both of them
from near the centre of the machine, and also from the outside. Thus, when desirable,
the material can be separated into two sizes.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, we would have it understood that we claim as our improvements
in apparatus for pulverizing, crushing, grinding, and reducing metalliferous ores or
other hard substances,-
First. The combination of the pan, the rotating muller or rubber, the cover and
the openings in the same for the escape of the material from the pan, arranged at a
suitable distance from the centre, substantially as described.
Second. The combination with the pan and revolving muller or rubber of an
outlet or outlets at the top, so arranged as to be capable of regulation nearer to or
further from the centre, substantially as described.
Third. The construction of the machine, substantially as described in respect to
Figures 1 to 5 of the Drawings.
Fourth. The combination, substantially as described, of the annular pan, and the
revolving muller or rubber dividing the pan into two compartments, so arranged that
the material has to pass under the muller to reach the inner compartment, and the
outlet from which the finer material is drawn off.
Fifth. The oblique passages through the muller or rubber, permitting the coarser
particles from the inner compartment to pass back into the outer compartment, in
order that they may be again operated upon, substantially as described.

page_text: Sixth. The construction of the machine, substantially as described in respect to
Figures 6 to 10 of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said David Stevens and Roger Vivian, have hereunto
set our hands and seals, this Eighteenth day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
Signed, sealed, and delivered
by the above-named David
Stevens and Roger Vivian
in the presence of
JOHN R. BOTTRALL,
Stationer,
Camborne,
DAVID STEVENS. (LS.)
ROGER VIVIAN. (LS.)