matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING COLD OR ICE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hector Auguste Dufrené at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th June 1880. A communication
from "La Société Anonyme le Froid," of No. 20, Rue Erard, Paris aforesaid.
HECTOR AUGUSTE DUFRENÉ, of No. 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris, in the
Republic of France, and 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Civil Engineer_and
Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING COLD OR ICE."
[A communication from "La Société Anonyme le Froid," of No. 20, Rue Erard,
Paris aforesaid.]
The Invention communicated to me consists in improvements in apparatus for
the production of ice and cold.
In carrying out these improvements I may employ any means which consists in
the expansion or production of gases or vapour, then in compressing these gases or
these vapours to bring them back to their primitive volume or into a liquid state;
but instead of effecting this compression by means of an arrangement of compressing
pumps, I employ pumps in which the pressure is obtained by the aid of a liquid
which does not absorb the gas or vapours to be compressed. The pump (or the
pumps) by means of a slide or valve box conveys the suitable liquid into a receiver
or bell full of the gases or vapours to be compressed by drawing it from a second
receiver or bell filled with this liquid. I thus produce a vacuum in the second
receiver or bell, and I compress in the first receiver or bell the vapours or gas, which
forcing open a valve pass into a condenser, where they remain liquified or com-
pressed and cooled by a current of water to be used again for producing cold. The
vacuum produced in the second receiver or bell, put in communication by suitable
means with the refrigerator or part of the apparatus where the cold is produced,
causes the expansion of the gases or the production of the vapours, that is to say,
the lowering of the temperature, which is the object of the operation. The second
receiver is then emptied of liquid to be filled with gas or vapours, and the first is
emptied of gas or vapour to be filled with liquid. At this point the positions of
the slides or valves controlling the movement of the compressing liquid are changed
by any suitable mechanical means, and the action of the pumps compresses the
gas or vapours in the first herein before described receiver by causing the gas or
vapours coming from the refrigerator to enter the second receiver, and so on.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TANKS FOR SMELTING GLASS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Brooke at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th July 1880.
65
EDWARD BROOKE, of Huddersfield, in the County of York. IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF TANKS FOR SMELTING GLASS."
This Invention relates to the construction of furnaces or tanks for smelting glass,
and the object of the Invention is to construct these furnaces of a different material
than at present employed.
The bricks I employ are those called "dinas," or "silica," and in consequence of
the material or ingredients of which they are composed they will withstand the
heat of the furnace much longer than fire brick which is the class of brick at present
used.
A NEW OR IMPROVED GRAMMATICAL PUZZLE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Rowley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th August 1880.
WILLIAM ROWLEY, of Taunton, in the County of Somerset. "A NEW OR
IMPROVED GRAMMATICAL PUZZLE."
My Invention relates to a puzzle designed to assist in teaching grammar, and
consists in the combination of movable or exchangeable blocks or plates provided
on one or more sides with words or letters used in teaching grammar, said words
being arranged on the different sides of the blocks or on the different blocks in a
systematic manner, according to the particular purpose for which the blocks are
intended.
The blocks may be of any suitable shape, preferably cubes or squares
of 3/4 to 1/2 inches side, or disc shaped 3/4 to 1/2 inches diameter, or prismatic,
and they may be made of wood, metal, or any other suitable material.
If the blocks are used for representing the conjugation of verbs, the corresponding
sides of the blocks may contain a verb in the particular mood, tense, and person
the side represents, or the variable termination of the verb only, with or without
letters or signs indicative of the mood, tense, &c. The termination may be
separated from the root of the verb. One side of the blocks may represent one
class (for instance, amo), the second side another class (for instance, moneo), a
third side a third class (for instance, audio). The blocks may represent nouns in
various forms arranged systematically, or, in short, any words, letters, or
combination of words and letters, which may be used for teaching English, Latin,
Greek, French, or German grammar, or the grammar of any other language.
The blocks may be placed in a box, and, if representing verbs, arranged in moods.
The blocks or plates may be entirely loose, or partially fixed and made movable in
any suitable way so as to show any side required.
AN IMPROVED FASTENER FOR SHOES AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Kesseler at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th February 1880. A communication
from Fr. Schulz and Aug. Schulz, of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany.
CARL KESSELER, of 63, Mohrenstrasse, Berlin W., in the Empire of Germany,
Civil Engineer and Patent Solicitor. "AN IMPROVED FASTENER FOR SHOES AND
OTHER ARTICLES." (A communication from Fr. Schulz and Aug. Schulz, of Berlin,
in the Empire of Germany.)
The tightening of shoes (for example) after they are on by means of laces, ribbons,
or buckles is most inconvenient. Now this Invention is intended to obviate this
inconvenience. According to this Invention the fastener consists of a head or disc,
having on its underside (by preference) two pins, one placed on either side and in
a line with the centre thereof; on to each of these pins is fastened a piece of thin
spring steel or other metal so that it may adapt itself to the foot, and of sufficient
length that the shoe may be easily put on when unfastened; these pieces should be
fastened so as to be capable of revolving on the said pins, the said pieces should also be
made curved, the other ends of the said metal pieces are fastened to the shoe. The
action is as follows:-When the shoe is on it is simply necessary to turn the head
or disc round as far as possible, when the pins will pass the dead points, and
consequently no pulling will open the fastener, but this can only be opened by
turning the head or disc in the opposite direction to which it was previously turned
for fastening. The action will be the same for other articles than shoes, only when
the fastening is applied to other articles, in most cases it is necessary to have it
divided into two pieces which will be connected after the article is put on and
then tightened by turning the head or disc as before. For this purpose a flat hook
may be attached to one side of the article so that one of the aforesaid pieces of metal
may be hooked on.
MENTS IN BREAD MAKING
Year: 1880

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Escourt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th September 1880.
CHARLES ESCOURT, F.C.S., of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
MENTS IN BREAD MAKING."
"IMPROVE-
My Invention has for its object an improvement in the treatment of flour in the
process of making it into bread. As is well known, many varieties of perfectly
sound wholesome flour are found to be deficient in gluten, or are, as bakers term it,
too weak" to make it digestible bread.
My Invention consists in the addition of a small quantity of free phosphoric acid,
or an acid phosphate (by reason of its practically containing free phosphoric acid),
or solutions of the said compounds to the flour, or to the yeast, or to the water or
other article usually used, or to the mixture of these ingredients in the process of
bread making. The effect of this addition is to cause the bread or product to
become firm and of a good color, as well as to make it lighter than it would be
without such addition. As phosphorus exists (as phosphate) in flour naturally,
and appears by its action upon the gluten to form some new combination, it is
evident that no injurious substance is thus added.
The solutions of phosphoric acid, or of acid phosphates, should be used in such
proportions as will when added to a sack of flour equal half an ounce to an ounce
of ortho phosphoric acid. In some cases the proportions may be varied.
MENTS IN ELECTRICAL SIGNALLING APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING COLLISIONS ON RAILWAYS."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Allison at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th May 1880. A communication from
abroad by Hugues Bagilet, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
HERBERT JOHN ALLISON, of the Firm of Allison Brothers, Patent Agents, of
IMPROVE-
41, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the County of Middlesex.
MENTS IN ELECTRICAL SIGNALLING APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING COLLISIONS ON
RAILWAYS." A communication from abroad by Hugues Bagilet, of Paris, in the
Republic of France.
A telegraphic wire connects the two stations, and at each extremity of the wire
is an electric apparatus composed of an electro magnet, and a soft iron bar or
armature, which apparatus is situated between the extremities of the wire
connecting the two stations, and of a wire connected with a disc. This disc carries
on one side a pivotted bar which is maintained on the red side of the disc by a
spring.
A strong spring works the rod carrying the disc, which spring is held by a catch,
raised at the proper moment by a very strong electro magnet. A chain connects
the disc with a lever situated perpendicularly between the two rails where it is
maintained by two springs. This lever is fixed to a transmission bar which carries
at its extremity an angle piece, which serves during the passage of a train to put
the wire of the battery in contact with the wire connecting the two stations.
•
As the train passes it pushes down the lever in the direction in which it is
travelling and at the next station the first named electro magnet under the influence
of the current attracts the soft iron bar or armature, which in turning on a pivot
puts the wire from the battery in contact with the wire of the disc. The second
named electro magnet raises the catch, which releases the strong spring and turns
the disc towards the station. The disc should be on the same side of the station
as the train, so that when the train on this line leaves the station when the signal
is against it, the bar pivotting on the disc will move either a lever which causes
the whistle of the locomotive to be sounded, and thus warn the driver, or a lever
which controls the supply of steam to the cylinders, and thus stop the train.
A NEW AND USEFUL APPLIANCE FOR HOLDING THREAD AND FOR ATTACHMENT TO A SEWING MACHINE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Gearing Grant at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th June 1880. A communication
from abroad by Gustave Toussin, of Paris, in the Republic of Franco.
HUGH GEARING GRANT, of the Firm of Messrs. Bosshardt & Grant, Patent
Agents, 24, Bull's Head Exchange Chambers, Market Place, Manchester. "A NEW
AND USEFUL APPLIANCE FOR HOLDING THREAD AND FOR ATTACHMENT TO A
SEWING MACHINE." A communication from abroad by Gustave Toussin, of Paris,
in the Republic of France.
The Invention consists in the application to a sewing machine of an appliance to
be used in lieu of a bobbin and pin. The said appliance is in the form of what is
generally known as a Tyroleso-box, and may be made of sheet-metal, pasteboard,
papier maché, or other similar material or substance. On and around the circum-
ference of the box or cylindrical-tube, and midway of its length, a groove is formed
to receive the eye of a wire clip. The clip is formed with two arms, one arm
being formed with an eye, into which the other arm of the clip is held when the
appliance is attached to any convenient part of the sewing machine. The Invention
has for its object to protect the thread from dirt, the thread being enclosed and
held by the box or cylindrical tubo, from the interior of which the thread is
unwound more readily and evenly than when unwound from off a bobbin.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF STOCKING AND SOCK SUSPENDER CLASP
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Von Hoven at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th December 1880.
LOUIS VON HOVEN, of Castle Street, Holborn, in the County of Middlesex,
Manufacturer. "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF STOCKING AND SOCK SUSPENDER
CLASP."
The object of this Invention is an improved construction of stocking and sock
suspender clasp.
The clasp is composed of a parallel slotted tongue, within whose slot the stem of
a double headed button is free to slide when moved by the hand. The tongue has
hinged or jointed near its upper part a metal plate (or a wire) slotted or shaped
that the back head of the button may be released when moved upwards, but which
rides behind a narrow slotted portion of the plate or wire when moved downwards.
The stem of the double headed button is of sufficient length as to permit a ply or
a fold of fabric being placed between it and the back plate, and when the button
is pressed in and pushed down into and along the parallel slot the fabric becomes
folded on each side by the back head of the button pushing it in against the two
walls of the metal plate or wire, thereby jambing it securely in place.
The clasp is formed with a loop for the attachment of the elastic or other
webbing.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN WATCHES AND CLOCKS."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustav Friedrich Böhme at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th September 1880.
GUSTAV FRIEDRICH BÖHME, of Islington, in the County of Middlesex, Watch
and Chronometer Manufacturer. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN WATCHES AND CLOCKS."
My Invention relates to the going barrel of a watch or clock, and has for its
object to equalise the power of the main spring without the use of a fusee.
My Invention consists in so connecting the main spring to the barrel that when
the spring is fully wound its power shall be applied in a direction more or less
normal to the circumference of the barrel, and that as the spring unwinds the
power shall be gradually applied more nearly in the circular direction of the barrel,
whereby the power transmitted from the main spring to the train is equalised by
causing the power to be so applied as to be less or more effectual for turning the
barrel, according as the spring is fully wound or not.
Instead of hooking the outer end of the spring directly to the rim of the barrel
I interpose a short movable piece or bar between the end of the spring and the
rim of the barrel, which piece or bar forms the connection between the spring and
the barrel.
The said piece or bar has its ends bevelled to engage with under-cut shoulders
or notches near the end of the spring and in the barrel rim respectively, and it
acts as a sort of a toggle bar, through which the power of the spring is communi-
cated to the barrel in directions varying with the tension of the spring.
When the spring is fully wound up this toggle piece inclines inwards in a
direction alınost normal to the rim of the barrel, pushing the outer end of the
spring inwards towards the other coils; but as the spring unwinds its outer end
moves outwards, and the toggle piece gradually approaches and finally lays flat
against the rim of the barrel."
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VENTILATORS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Martin and William Alfred
Ward at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th October
1880.
JOHN MARTIN and WILLIAM ALFRED WARD, both of Hyde, in the County of
Chester. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VENTILATORS."
This Invention relates to the construction of ventilators for the rooms of
ordinary dwelling houses, and more especially those of the small or cottage class.
The Invention consists principally of a vertical tube open at each end, and mado
by preference of tin or other suitable metal. Į
At the top of this tube (and raised slightly above it) is a cap or cover to prevent
the admission of dust or other extraneous matter.
The side of the tube is formed or fitted with flanges, by means of which it can
be fixed to the side of a joist.
The lower end of the tube is fitted to a screwed socket, into which may be
screwed a rosette or other ornamental device, the rosette being beneath the ceiling
and the tube above the same and between it and the floor above.
The rosette is either perforated or formed with grooves at the back, so that the
heated air from the room can pass into the vertical tube, and from the upper end
of the latter it will pass out into the space between the ceiling and the floor.
At the end of this space we remove a brick from the wall of the building, and
in place thereof we insert a grid or grating by means of which the heated or
vitiated air passes out into the atmosphere.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILIZING RESIDUARY PRODUCTS OBTAINED WHEN PRODUCING COLORS ON COTTON AND OTHER TEXTILE FIRRE."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Holliday, of the Firm of Read, Holliday, and
Sons, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, Manufacturing Chemists, for
an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILIZING RESIDUARY PRODUCTS
OBTAINED WHEN PRODUCING COLORS ON COTTON AND OTHER TEXTILE
FIRRE."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Holliday at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th October 1880.
THOMAS HOLLIDAY, of the Firm of Read, Holliday, and Sons, of Huddersfield,
in the County of York, Manufacturing Chemists. "IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILIZING
RESIDUARY PRODUCTS OBTAINED WHEN PRODUCING COLORS ON COTTON AND
OTHER TEXTILE FIBRE."
When producing azo colors direct upon cotton or other textile fibre a certain
amount of precipitated color is formed, which is not united with the fibre. Such
precipitated color can be recovered by filtration of the remaining color liquid or of
the color liquid obtained in washing the colored fibres.
These precipitated and filtered residues (obtained from such remaining color
liquids) can be washed and dried, then made into sulpho-compounds by heating
with concentrated or funing sulphuric acid, or by other suitable known method for
the preparation of organic sulpho-acids. These sulpho-compounds, or the alkali-
salts of which sulpho-compounds, can be employed as dyes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Thomas Holliday in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 26th
April 1881.
THOMAS HOLLIDAY, of the Firm of Read, Holliday, and Sons, of Huddersfield,
in the County of York, Manufacturing Chemists. "IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILIZING
RESIDUARY PRODUCTS OBTAINED WHEN PRODUCING COLORS ON COTTON AND
OTHER TEXTILE FIBRE."
When producing azo colors direct upon cotton or other textile fibre a certain
amount of precipitated color is formed which is not united with the fibre. Such
precipitated color can be recovered by filtration of the remaining color liquid, or of
the color liquid obtained in washing the colored fibres.
These precipitated and filtered residues (obtained from such remaining color
liquids) can be washed and dried, then made into sulpho-compounds by heating
with concentrated or fuming sulphuric acid, or by other suitable known method for
the preparation of organic sulpho acids. These sulpho-compounds, or the alkali
salts of which sulpho-compounds, can be employed as dyes.
Having thus described my Invention, and means which I adopt in carrying the
same into effect, I would have it understood that what I claim is, the improvements
in utilising residuary products obtained when producing colors on cotton and other
textile fibre, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Holliday, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fourteenth day of April, One thousand eight hundred and
eighty one.
THOMAS HOLLIDAY. (L.S.)
AN IMPROVED SAFETY VALVE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Sturgeon and John Wilfrid
de Villemary Galwey at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
31st December 1880.
THOMAS STURGEON, of Newlay, in the County of York, Engineer, and JOHN
WILFRID DE VILLEMARY GALWEY, of Warrington, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer. "AN IMPROVED SAFETY VALVE."
Our improved safety valve consists of a primary or main valve working in
conjunction with a secondary valve, and so arranged that when the pressure in the
boiler exceeds the desired amount the primary valve opens and admits steam on
to a piston or diaphragm connected with the secondary valve which is thereby
caused to open and allow steam to escape from the boiler to the atmosphere. One
advantage of this valve is that the primary or main valve can be so arranged that
the steam pressure assists to keep it closed until the pressure exceeds the desired
This is accomplished by making the valve open inwards to the boiler
and connecting it to a piston of larger area, so that when the primary valve opens
and admits steam on to the superior area of the piston, the pressure on the valve
is thereby overcome and it is caused to open.
amount.
Another advantage is that by our arrangement we can use a seat of large area
for the main valve.
We also sometimes use what we term a pilot valve, which may be attached to or
form a part of the main valve, this pilot valve being so arranged as to open before
the remaining portion or entire main valve. The opening of the valve is thereby
rendered sufficiently gradual.
In conjunction with the valve which admits steam to the piston we use another
valve, so constructed that when the first valve opens for the admission of steam on
to the piston or diaphragmn, this valve, which is in communication with the cavity,
shuts, and when the pressure is relieved it opens again and allows the egress of the
steam or condensed water from the cavity.
*
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING AND CLEANSING GASES, THE SAME BEING APPLICABLE FOR SEPARATING GASES OR VAPOURS FROM LIQUIDS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Foulis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th September 1880.
WILLIAM FOULIS, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Civil
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING AND CLEANSING
GASES, THE SAME BEING APPLICABLE FOR SEPARATING GASES OR VAPOURS FROM
LIQUIDS."
Hitherto it has been the practice when employing brushwood in scrubbers used
in gas works for cleansing and purifying gases to lay such brushwood horizontally,
the offect of which is that after a short time the brushwood becomes limp by the
action of water trickling through it, and the twigs thereby rest closely upon each
other, that their surfaces in this state and position collect the impurities among
themselves, thereby closing up the free passage for the gas, and therefore stopping
the purifying or cleansing action of the scrubber.
Under the improvements constituting this Invention, the twigs are held at their
upper ends in or between bars or frames, by which they are suspended in successivo
horizontal rows or layers across the scrubber. The bars or frames are so arranged
that the water or other liquid used in the scrubber flows on to the top of the
twigs or brushwood, thereby ensuring that it will trickle or flow down over the twigs
lengthwise.
When the scrubber is of a squaro or oblong horizontal section the frames
carrying the twigs or brushwood are each arranged with openings at alternate ends,
so that the gas is caused to flow horizontally between the twigs of each layer before
it passes to the layer next above. This horizontal action or flow of the gas in the
case of a cylindrical scrubber is effected by openings in each layer alternately at the
centre and sides.
When using these improvements in apparatus for separating gases or vapours from
liquids, the apparatus may be constructed after the manner of what is well known
as "Coffey's still," and wherein the horizontal passage of the vapour of water, or
steam, or gas, is effected by openings at alternate sides of each layer or at the centre
and circumference of each alternate layer, as hereinbefore described with reference
to scrubbers. The gases or vapours separated are collected according to their
density at any height or level in the still required.
Any other durable material than brushwood may be employed in the manner
hereinbefore described with regard to brushwood, such for example as strips or
laths of wood, iron or steel wires, which may be protected from rust by magnetic or
black oxide or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOAT GAUGES FOR ASCERTAINING THE QUANTITY OF LIQUOR IN VATS, FERMENTING SQUARES, AND OTHER SIMILAR VESSELS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Nicholls at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th October 1880.
ARTHUR NICHOLLS, of 57, College Street, Liverpool Road, London, N.,
Hydrometer, Saccharometer, and Gauging Rule Manufacturer to the Honorable
Board of Inland Revenue. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOAT GAUGES FOR ASCERTAINING
THE QUANTITY OF LIQUOR IN VATS, FERMENTING SQUARES, AND OTHER SIMILAR
VESSELS."
My Invention consists in making metallic air chambers of various sizes, shapes,
and dimensions, so as to give sufficient buoyancy to support a rule or rod, that the
indications of the quantities in the vats, fermenting squares, and other similar
vessels may be taken thereby.
Also in applying adjusting screws, slides, and other similar methods, to give the
same indications when the densities of the fluids vary.
By my Invention I thoroughly supersede the use of cork hitherto employed, not
only ensuring thereby greater uniformity, but also uniform buoyancy and
cleanliness.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD FOR COMPRESSING AIR. BY ELECTRICITY FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Victor Poulet and Edmond Commelin
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th March 1880.
VICTOR POULET and EDMOND COMMELIN, of Hautmont (Nord), in France,
Engineers. " A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD FOR COMPRESSING AIR. BY
ELECTRICITY FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER."
The object of this Invention is to obtain compressed air at a pressure of several
atmospheres by means of electricity, in order to produce, with the said compressed
air acting upon pistons, a motive power approximately equivalent to steain.
The mechanism of the engine will be nearly the same as in ordinary engines
and locomotives, the principal object of this Invention being to compress the air
during the work of the engine and in proportion to the quantity of air spent
by the engine; this will be done by means of an electric motor which receives its
electric power either from a magneto electric machine or from a battery
In short, this Invention consists in an electro-motor which exhausts and com-
presses air into a reservoir; the compressed air afterwards acts upon the pistons of
an ordinary engine.
In carrying the Invention into practice there is employed an electro-magnet and an
iron rod which is attracted by the magnet and serves as a piston, a lever being
provided which communicates with the piston in order to increase the power. A
connecting rod communicates with a fly wheel and an air pump, in connection with
which is a pipe through which the air is compressed into the boiler. An inlet pipe
for air is fixed upon the boiler and communicates with the slide and slide rod of a
secondary piston. A reservoir is employed in which air is compressed to several
atmospheres, a safety valve being provided at the top and connected with a whistle,
the air passing to the safety valve through a small inlet cock at the side.
driving wheel is provided at the-back-of the engine and is connected by a rod with
the second piston.
The action is as follows:-
-
A
A Gramme machine is put in motion by means of the driving wheel and strap;
the said machine is for the purpose of creating an electric current in a second
Gramme machine which is used as a motive power, and by a fly wheel and con-
necting rod upon the main shaft of the said machine communicates with the air
pump in order to compress air into the boiler.

page_text: It is to be remarked that the Gramme machine which serves as a motive power
for compressing air into the boiler is at first put in motion by means of a battery.
As soon as the pressure reaches 105 pounds the communication with the battery is
broken and established with the first Gramme machine, which supplies the second
machine with electricity and compresses air in the engine.
The air pump is provided with two main flap valves which open by the suction
of the piston. Two secondary flap valves are also provided which open by the
compression of air, the main valves closing at the same time.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BELTS OR STRAPS USED FOR DRIVING PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Buckley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th September 1880).
WILLIAM BUCKLEY, of Sheffield, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF BELTS OR STRAPS USED FOR DRIVING PURPOSES."
The objects of this Invention, which relates to improvements in the manufacture
of belts or straps used for driving purposes, are to produce such belts or straps
of great strength and durability, combined with lightness and economy of cost.
The improved belts or straps are made of steel, iron, brass, copper, or other
suitable metal, and in manufacturing them therefrom 1 roll or draw the metal
used into strips of any desired thickness, length, and width, and according to one
modification I pierce, or stamp, or otherwise perforate the strips with holes or
slots of any desired size or shape, to render the same more pliable and conformable
to the contour of the pulley or drum, and to get a better hold thereon, especially if
the latter be covered with leather; or according to another modification, I indent
the strips with indentations of any desired shape or size for corresponding
reasons; this perforating or indenting of the strips forming the driving belts or
straps forms a characteristic feature of the Invention; or according to another
modification I may use the metallic strips as belts or bands without thus perforating
or indenting them.
.
One or more of such metallic strips may be used as a belt (according to the
length and breadth of the belt or strap required), the ends (and edges if need be)
being united by riveting, brazing, or otherwise.
The improved metallic belts or straps may also be made of any desired sectional
form, either flat, round, concave, convex, or angular, corresponding to the shape of
the pulley or drum with which it is intended to use them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND MEANS FOR TREATING TOBACCO AND THE LIKE, TO RENDER SAME INNOCUOUS OR LESS INJURIOUS TO USERS OF THE SAME
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Willert Beale at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th December 1880.
THOMAS WILLERT BEALE, of Upper Norwood, in the County of Surrey.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND MEANS FOR TREATING TOBACCO AND THE LIKE, TO RENDER
SAME INNOCUOUS OR LESS INJURIOUS TO USERS OF THE SAME."
Tobacco and herbs of the same description used for smoking and in the form of
snuff contain a percentage of nicotine and other injurious substances, the quantity
present of which varies with the climate and soil in which the tobacco or herbs are
grown. It is universally admitted by medical and scientific men that the inhalation
or reception by other means into the human system of such deleterious elements
cannot but be injurious in a greater or less degree.
Now my Invention is designed to antagonize or neutralize such nicotine or like
injurious elements in tobacco generally, and consists in treating the latter with
quinine or other like drugs in various forms possessing similar properties, and with
or without the addition of other drugs or chemicals to assist the action of the same,
whereby the poisonous principles are combatted or neutralized.
In carrying it out I advantageously use the following formula, though the
quantities or proportions of the drugs may be varied or others added to the
preparations of quinine or similar drug; this formula can be easily compounded by
any chemist.
Acidi hydrobromici, 3 i.; sulph. quiniæ, gr. viii. ; aq. distill., 3 vii.; ft. solutio.
The above formula is to be used in such quantity as shall give one grain or half a
grain of quinine to one cigar, and in similar.proportions to any other form of tobacco
in leaf or wholly or partly manufactured.
The cigars or tobacco in any other form being soaked in the solution and
afterwards dried.
The smoke of tobacco or similar herb can be inhaled through a saturated solution
of quinine under this Invention. And instead of the proportions above given they
may be varied to suit different qualities of tobacco, a greater or less percentage of
quinine being used as may be necessary or desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FORMING PICTURES, LETTERS, OR DESIGNS ON GLASS OR OTHER SURFACES."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Martyn at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st April 1880.
ARTHUR MARTYN, of 217, Pentonville Road, London, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FORMING PICTURES, LETTERS, OR DESIGNS ON GLASS OR OTHER
SURFACES."
The process is based upon the well known action of light upon a film of gelatine
or other substance rendered sensitive to light.
I coat a surface of glass with a substance rendered insoluble by the action of
light, and preferably I employ gelatine sensitized by the chromates of potash or
ammonia in the usual way, but any substance which can be rendered insoluble by
the action of light is applicable to my purpose. Having coated the glass with the
sensitive substance I place upon it a negative or clicho of the picture or subject I
wish to produce and expose it to light after the manner of an ordinary photograph.
Having in this way printed the picture upon the sensitive film I then develope it
in any suitable way, and when employing gelatine I prefer to use warm water for
this purpose, and I wash entirely away the parts of the film which have been
protected from the light, leaving the picture or figure, or that part which has
become insoluble, printed or fixed directly upon the glass.
The sensitive film may be coloured in any suitable way before the picture is
printed upon it, but I prefer to coat the glass with gelatine uncoloured, except in
so far as it may be tinted by the sensitizing medium, and to stain the picture any
desired colour after it has been developed. Having in this way produced a
coloured picture or design upon the glass I then, after it is dry, coat it preferably
with paint or varnish of a different colour or tint to the subject, or I back it up with
paper, gilt, silver, or anything suitable to form a ground in contrast to the design,
Eo as to shew up distinctly the picture, letters, or design when viewed from the
clean or uncoated side of the glass.
I sometimes gild or silver the surface of the glass before coating it with the
sensitized substance, and print or develope the picture upon this, in which case I
afterwards dissolve away or otherwise remove the gold, silver, or other conting
where it is left unprotected by the picture. Sometimes instead of producing the
picture, letters, or design upon glass I operate upon a metal surface previously
coated with a suitable varnish or paint, printing and developing the picture or
design upon this.
IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS TO BE USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF PICTURES BY THE AGENCY OF LIGHT
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ferdinand Henry Warlich at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st May 1880.
FERDINAND HENRY WARLICH, of 111, Grove Lane, Camberwell, in the County
of Surrey. "IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS TO BE USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF
PICTURES BY THE AGENCY OF LIGHT."
My Invention consists in the more speedy and accurate production of enlarged
photographs, whether in pigment or otherwise, by means of improved apparatus to
be used with compressed air and artificial light, and in preparing more sensitive
absorbents of the image than hitherto used. For the purpose of carrying out my
Invention I adopt mainly the following arrangements-
I take the electric light, or any other light capable of effecting the required result
can be used. I place this light in a compartment by itself, and through one or
more, say, three, apertures in this compartment, the rays of light travel and are
projected into and taken up and condensed in condensers.
At
The said condensers may be solid glass or hollow, so as to allow of being filled
with water or other liquid, and by means of pipes cold air is made constantly to
pass over and round the said condensers for the purpose of keeping them cool.
a proper distance from these condensers, and in the sides from which the light
afterwards emanates, are placed the negative or positive pictures to be enlarged,
and at a greater and proper distance in the same lines lenses are placed parallel
and concentric with the condensers. The rays thus pass through the negative or
positive pictures to be enlarged, according to the several densities of their different
parts, and are then taken up by the lenses, the result being that an image of the
above pictures is projected at a proper focus, and the images are received on any
suitable surface sensitive to light.
For the purpose of focussing the image more accurately the several instruments
and apparatus used as above described are fitted onto travelling tables worked by
rack and pinions.
Perfect vignettes of any shape can be produced by intercepting the light between

page_text: the lenses and sensitive surface, and causing it to pass through oval or round
openings.
I consider important points in this Invention to be,―
First. The application of a cold blast of air to keep the condensers cool.
Second. The utilization of the electric light or substitute light as a means of 5
printing the enlarged image onto carbon tissue.
Third. The production of enlarged pictures up to sizes not hitherto obtained.
Fourth. The vignetting of the said carbon pictures produced by the above
process in the manner herein before described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR OPENING AND SECURING WINDOW SASHES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Cockshott Taylor and
Wilson Riley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th
July 1880.
SAMUEL COCKSHOTT TAYLOR, of Morton, near Bingley, in the County of York,
Joiner, and WILSON RILEY, of Keighley, in the County of York, Mechanic.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR OPENING AND SECURING
WINDOW SASHES.”
The object of our Invention is to dispense with the ordinary weights, cords, and
fasteners, and with the inside and outside facings as now used in connection with
window sashes.
We accomplish our object in the following manner :-
We fix balance pulleys to the window frame, and suspend the window sashes by
means of a cord, chain, or other equivalent, attached to each window, and passing
over the said balance pullies.
We secure the window sashes in any position by means of a rack attached to one
of the sheets, and to the window frame we attach a single or double catch in such
a manner that when a double catch is placed in the rack the window sashes are
secure, and cannot be opened or closed from the outside; and when a single catch
is placed in the rack the window sashes cannot be opened but can be closed from
the outside.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KNIFE CLEANING MACHINES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Forrest Walters at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th March 1880.
JOHN FORREST WALTERS, of Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America,
now residing at 7, Queen's Road, Bayswater, London, W. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
KNIFE CLEANING MACHINES."
The Invention relates to a new and improved method of constructing knife
cleaning machines whereby knives may be cleaned better and more readily without
damaging the handles or destroying the edge or shape of the knife.
In carrying out my Invention I employ two square blocks or plates made of wood,
or metal, or other suitable material, which I cover upon one side of each with buff
leather, linoleum, or other suitable material; I then place the blocks or plates with
their covered sides facing each other, and cause them to move backward and
forward in opposite directions. In order to facilitate this movement I employ two
frames, preferably square, having them hinged together at one end and pass a
spindle through the hinges, and from a spindle into a double crank with the throw
in opposite direction, or use a double eccentric in a similar manner, to which I
attach two connecting rods or links, fastening the other end of the rods to one
each of the blocks or plates, so that by causing the spindle to revolve I cause the
blocks or plates to move backward and forward at each revolution of the spindle.
The blades of the knives lay between the blocks or plates with their handles resting
in adjustable racks, to which are attached springs for the adjustment of the blocks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MAGNETO ELECTRIC SPEAKING TELEPHONY
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of the Firm of Herbert and
Company, Solicitors of Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster,
Civil Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAGNETO ELECTRIC
SPEAKING TELEPHONY." A communication from abroad by Samuel Latham
Mitchell Barlow, of New York, in the State of New York, United States of
America, Counsellor at Law, Assignee of the Inventor, Francesco Rossetti, of
Padua, Italy, Professor.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Herbert John Haddan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th December 1880.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors
of Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer.
A communi-
"IMPROVEMENTS. IN MAGNETO ELECTRIC SPEAKING TELEPHONY."
cation from abroad by Samuel Latham Mitchell Barlow, of New York, in the
State of New York, United States of America, Counsellor at Law, Assignee of the
Inventor, Francesco Rossetti, of Padua, Italy, Professor.
The object of the Invention is to transmit rhythmical vibrations, representing
articulate speech or other sounds through a telegraphic circuit, and reproduce them
at a great distance with clearness and precision without the use of a battery.
These ends are attained by a new organization of old instrumentalitics, the essential
features of which organization are a magneto-telephone of suitable construction, a
Ruhmkorf or induction coil, the primary wire of which is in a closed metallic
circuit, with the helix of a magnet of a magneto-telephone, and the secondary of
which is included in an open earth circuit, of which the main line forms a part. A
duplication of this apparatus at each station adapts it to transmission in either
direction. The subject matter of the Invention is set forth in the claims at the end.
of the Specification. The accompanying diagram represents the organization of the
apparatus and its arrangement upon circuit, the details of construction of which
apparatus being well known, need no description here; the apparatus at each
station being alike, a description of that of one station will be sufficient.
magneto-telephone A adapted both for the reception and transmission of rhythmical
vibration, is shown, with its helix connected by suitable wires a, a¹, with the
primary circuit b of an induction coil B constituting a closed metallic local circuit,
the primary circuit being of exceedingly low resistance. This magneto-telephone
should differ from those in ordinary use in the latter named particular.
A
An
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL FROM CRUDE OR PIG-IRON, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREWITH.
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leonard Magnus Lindberg at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th July 1880.
LEONARD MAGNUS LINDBERG, Part Owner and Manager of Kohlsva Iron Works,
at Kohlsva, in the Kingdom of Sweden. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF IRON AND STEEL FROM CRUDE OR PIG-IRON, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREWITH.'
32
This Invention consists in a new method of converting crude or pig-iron, which
for distinction I call focus-converting, and the process is carried out in the following
manner:-
A bath of molten crude or pig-iron is provided on the hearth of a furnace, and
rich gas, together with the air necessary for its combustion, is caused to enter the
furnace with great velocity and in such a manner that a sharply limited flame, the
focus-flame, is formed, which is directed against the surface of the molten iron. By
its velocity the focus-flame removes the slag from the surface of the molten crude or
pig-iron, and owing to its concentrated heat and oxydizing power causes the
conversion of such crude or pig-iron (under the phenomenon of boiling) to steel or
malleable iron, and this may be effected without any manipulation or admixture
unless for some special reason desirable.
In one form of the apparatus the furnace consists of a casing of iron plates lined
with refractory material, and having a bed or hearth rammed of refractory material.
There is an opening through which the pig iron is put into the furnace, and samples
are taken out for judging the progress of the process. The refined metal is tapped
through another opening, which, during the process, is closed with fire clay or
similar material. There are also two openings by which the furnace is connected
with regenerators for the gas and air. A channel or passage conducts the air from
each air regenerator to a gas channel, into which opens another channel or passage,
wherein the gas and the air are still further mixed on their way to the furnace.
The focus-flame required for this converting method is obtained by directing the
air blast with a sufficient velocity through the gas and into a common mixing and
conducting tube for the gas and air, whereby the mixing becomes intimate and the
combustion perfect.

page_text: In carrying out the process the crude or pig iron may be introduced in a molten
state from the blast furnace or some remelting furnace, or it may be melted in the
converting furnace itself.
When the pig iron has come to a fusible state in the furnace no other manipu-
lation is required for converting, but by increasing or diminishing of the pressure on
the gas and air, to change the nature of the flame according to whether it is to
have an oxydizing or a reducing action, and if regenerators are employed to change
the valves as usual. When the samples taken out and examined shew that the
product has attained the desired composition and quality, the metal is cast in the
usual way.