AN IM- PROVEMENT IN GRATE BACKS FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF SHAM REGISTER AND OTHER FIRE-GRATES."
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Livermore Shorland, of the Firm of Shillito
and Shorland, of Stretford Road, Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, Manufacturing Ironmongers, for the Invention of "AN IM-
PROVEMENT IN GRATE BACKS FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF SHAM
REGISTER AND OTHER FIRE-GRATES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Livermore
Shorland at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 21st November 1874.
I, GEORGE LIVERMORE SHORLAND, of the Firm of Shillito and Shorland,
of Stretford Road, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manufac-
turing Ironmongers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN GRATE BACKS FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF
SHAM REGISTER AND OTHER FIRE-GRATES," to be as follows:-
.
My Invention relates to the fire-grates or fire-places employed in the
warming of rooms or chambers in dwelling houses or buildings, or other-
wise similarly employed, and consists more particularly of an improve-
ment in a former Invention for which Her Majesty's Royal Letters

page_text: Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of April, in the year One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, have been granted to me.
In the said former Invention a metal chamber constituted the back of
the fire-place, and air was permitted to flow through the said chamber
into the room in which the fire-place was fixed, or was conveyed through
a pipe or passage, or through pipes or passages to any other room or
rooms as might be desired, the said air becoming warmed in its passage
through the said chamber. In the said chamber I employed vertical
"gills" to increase the heating surface of the chamber.
According to my present Invention I employ a combination of vertical
and horizontal gills or heating plates. In an arrangement which I
have found to be suitable the horizontal plates are situated at each end
of the interior of the chamber, that is to say, at the back of the sides of
the fire-place, and the vertical plates in the middle portion of the said
chamber, and therefore immediately behind the fire.
The horizontal plates are so arranged as that the air is caused to flow
in a circuitous direction between the said plates to the outlet openings,
which are situated at the upper part of the chamber and at each end
thereof. The effect of this arrangement is that the flow of air through
the end portions of the chamber and directly towards the outlet openings
is retarded so that a large portion of the current of air is induced to
flow through the central part of the chamber. The air is thus caused
to remain a longer time in contact with the parts which are the coolest,
and a shorter time in contact with the parts which are the hottest,
whereby the air is more uniformly warmed, and as the speed of the flow
of air through the central part of the chamber is accelerated, overheating
of any part of the air is provented, or the tendency to such overheating
is lessened.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Livermore Shorland in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 20th May 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
LIVERMORE SHORLAND, of the Firm of Shillito and Shorland, of Stret-
ford Road, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturing
Ironmongers, send greeting.
Patent Office on the 20th May 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
LIVERMORE SHORLAND, of the Firm of Shillito and Shorland, of Stret-
ford Road, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturing
Ironmongers, send greeting.
3

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in
the thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cesors, give and grant unto me, the said George Livermore Shorland,
Her special license, that I, the said George Livermore Shorland, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said-
George Livermore Shorland, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and law-
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN GRATE BACKS FOR INCREASING THE
EFFICIENCY OF SHAM REGISTER AND OTHER FIRE-GRATES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said George Livermore Shorland, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Livermoro Shorland, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement (and accompanying Drawings) that is
to say:
My Invention relates to the fire-grates or fire-places employed in the
warming of rooms or chambers in dwelling houses or buildings, or other-
wise similarly employed, and consists more particularly of an improve-
ment in a former Invention for which Her Majesty's Royal Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of April, in the year One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, have been granted to me.
In the said former Invention a metal chamber constituted the back
of the fire-place, and air was permitted to flow through the said chamber
into the room in which the fire-place was fixed, or was conveyed through
a pipe or passage, or through pipes or passages to any other room or
rooms as might be desired, the said air becoming warmed in its passage
through the said chamber. In the said chamber I employed vertical
gills" to increase the heating surface of the chamber.
CE

page_text: According to my present Invention I employ a combination of vertical
and horizontal gills or heating plates. In an arrangement which I
have found to be suitable the horizontal plates are situated at each end
of the interior of the chamber, that is to say, at the back of the sides of
the fire-place, and the vertical plates in the middle portion of the said
chamber, and therefore immediately behind the fire.
.
The liorizontal plates are so arranged as that the air is caused to flow
in a circuitous direction between the said plates to the outlet openings,
which are situated at the upper part of the chamber and at each end
thereof. The effect of this arrangement is that the flow of air through
the end portions of the chamber and directly towards the outlet openings
is retarded, so that a large portion of the current of air is induced to
flow through the central part of the chamber. The air is thus caused to
remain a longer time in contact with the parts which are the coolest,
and a shorter time in contact with the parts which are hottest, whereby
the air is more uniformly warmed, and as the speed of the flow of
air through the central part of the chamber is accelerated, overheating
of any part of the air is prevented, or the tendency to such overheating
is lessened.
And in order that, my said Invention may be fully understood I have
appended hereunto a Sheet of Drawings made to a scale of about one-
sixth of the full size, and marked with letters of reference.
Referring in this place to the said Drawings, Fig. 1 represents a
vertical section, the section line passing through the centre of a fire-
grate and of the improved back; Fig. 2 is an elevation of the said back
with the covering plate removed; and Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on
the line A in Fig. 1. In Fig. 2 the spectator is supposed to be behind
the fire-grate.
.
In the said Figures a is a fire-grate which may be of any ordinary or
suitable form and construction, and 6 is the back which is the subject
of my said Invention. The said back is made of cast iron, and in the
example is formed to receive a fire-clay lining c as is usual. A covering
or enclosing plate d formed of cast iron or of sheet metal as preferred,
is bolted or secured at e, e, to the casting b, the space between the
casting 6 and the plate d forming a heating chamber, into which project
the horizontal gills or plates fand the vertical gills or plates g. In the
example the grate back rests upon a sole plate h, which extends below.

page_text: the fire-grate and covers the flue or passage i, through which air is
admitted from the outside of the building or from any suitable source of
supply. The upper part of the casting projects at right angles to meet
the plate d, and is formed with two openings and sockets to receive the
air pipes k, k. The number of the said air pipes may be less or more than
two as found to be suitable in any case. The air flowing through the
passage i is deflected forwards by a plate 1, and is warmed to some
extent by the sole plate h. The air then rises through openings m, m, in
the said sole plate and flows through the passages between the gills
f and g, and enters the pipes k, k, having acquired an increase of tem-
perature in its progress. The arrows indicate the direction in which the
gills or plates compel the air to travel, the arrangement being such as I
have formed to have the best effect in imparting warmth to the air
without overheating the same.
Having now fully described and illustrated the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which I carry the same into practical
effect, I would in conclusion have it to be understood that I claim, the
fire-grate back constructed and arranged substantially as and for the
purpose set forth and indicated herein-before and in the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Livermore Shorland, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of May, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
GEORGE L. SHORLAND. (L.S.)
Signed and sealed by the said
George Livermore Shorland
in the presence of
EDWARD K. DUTTON,
Agent to the Patentee,
3, Princess Street,
Manchester.