IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MATERIALS FOR CASTINGS, CEMENTS, LEAD-PENCILS, AND OTHER PURPOSES.”
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Julius Sachs, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF
MATERIALS FOR CASTINGS, CEMENTS, LEAD-PENCILS, AND OTHER PURPOSES.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Julius Sachs at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th September 1880.
JOSEPH JULIUS SACHS, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MATERIALS FOR CASTINGS, CEMENTS, LEAD-PENCILS,
AND OTHER PURPOSES."
My Invention relates to the production of materials which may be used as
substitutes for metal castings, and may also be employed as cements, and for lead
pencils, and other purposes.
In carrying out my Invention in order to produce such materials I melt together
sulphur with other non metallic substances, such, for example, as plumbago, silica,
metallic bydrates, such, for instance, as lime, magnesia, alum, earth, zinc hydrate,
ferrichydrate, mangan hydrate, lead bydrate, and the like; also metallic oxides and
peroxides, as mangan oxide, mangan peroxide, ferric sesqui oxide, magnetic ferric
oxide, ferric peroxide, lead oxide, and lead peroxide, and such like further suitable
metallic salts, such as calcium sulphate, barium sulphate, lead sulphate, lead
carbonate, calcium carbonate, barium carbonate, and such like; and, lastly, inorganic
pigments, such as yellow ochre, ultramarine, Prussian blue, charcoal, bone-black,
lampblack, and any suitable powder, as that of sand, earths, china and other clay,
and such like. Of these substances I mix either one alone with an excess of
sulphur, or two or more of them, with or without the addition of a suitable organic
fibre, such as the fibre of cotton, jute, and the like in its rough or worked up state.
As an example, I take one part by weight of powdered plumbago, and two or more
or less parts by weight of sulphur or brimstone, which I melt together, at the
same time stirring the mixture so as to thoroughly incorporate the ingredients
together; this combination can be used for casting, and also for the production of
lead pencils suitable for writing purposes.
In a like manner I produce combinations of sulphur with the above mentioned
materials for use as cements, and for other purposes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
tho said Joseph Julius Sachs in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th
March 1881.
JOSEPH. JULIUS SACHS, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MATERIALS FOR CASTINGS, CEMENTS, LEAD PENCILS,
AND OTHER PURPOSES."
My said Invention relates to the production of materials which I comprise under
the name of "Vulcan cements," and which may be used as substitutes for metal
castings, and may also be employed as cements and for packings, lead pencils, and
other useful purposes.
In carrying out my said Invention in order to produce the so called " Vulcan
cements," I melt together sulphur or brimstone with other than metallic substances
or metallic sulphides in a state of a more or less fine powder, such, for example, as
plumbago, charcoal, and other carbonised substances, every description of coal, as,
for example, anthracito coal, common coal, brown coal, canuel coal, and the like,
silica and suitable silicates, as of potassium; sodium, calcium, barium, magnesium,
chromium, aluminium, ferrum, magnan, lead, zinc, and the like; metallic hydrates
and oxydes, as those of calcium, magnesium, barium, aluminium, zinc, iron, lead, and
the like, further suitable metallic salts, as, for example, the insoluble salts of calcium,
barium, magnesium, aluminium, iron, chrome, lead, and such like, and, lastly,
inorganic substances in a powdered state, such, for example, as emery powder,
asbestos, slack wood, yellow ochre, ultramarine, Prussian blues, and powders produced
by grinding stones, minerals, earths, china and other clays in their natural or burnt
state; also powder from common clay, bricks, porcelain, china, pottery cinders,
ashes, slacks, quartz, and other sands, and the like. Of these substances I mix
either one alone with sulphur in excess or not in excess, or two or more of them,
with or without the addition of a suitable organic fibre in a more or less short cut
state, as that of cotton, hemp, jute, and tho like, in its rough or worked up state,
or wood, or other paper pulps.
These organic substances I also mix by themselves with melting sulphurs.
In practice I have found a composition consisting of the following ingredients in
about the undermentioned proportions suitable :-
I take, say, 4 parts by weight of sulphur or brimstone, and three or more or less parts
by weight of finely powdered coal or plumbago, or any of the substances mentioned
above, or such others of the class as produce a similar product, the substances being
either employed alone or two or more of them used in conjunction; I melt the
whole together, at the same time stirring the mixture so as to thoroughly
incorporate the ingredients together. The proportions hereinbeforo mentioned may
be varied. For example, two parts by weight of any suitable powder, as plumbago,
emery flower, charcoal, coal, and the like, with one part of brimstone will produce a
good result.
These combinations can be used for castings; those made with plumbago may
also be used for the production of lead pencils suitable for writing purposes, and
the most of them are very suitable for cementing, packing, and similar purposes,
such, for example, as for filling up printing rollers or cartridges; the compositions
made with emery powder or such like powders can be used advantageously as
grinding stones for sharpening and other purposes; the compositions may also be
used for cast pipes for gas and other purposes, and for joining gas and water pipes,
also for embedding railway sleepers and for foundations, also for producing rollers
for printing, embossing, and other purposes; also for type printing, for lining
cisterns, and particular in all cases where the so called Spence's metal is and can
be used. I may here further remark that these "Vulcan cements," especially when

page_text: the powders of the substances mixed with the sulphur in suitable proportion have
been very finely ground, produce castings of the greatest delicacy, such, for example,
as casts of chromo-gelatine photographs, and any writing, or painting, or drawing
produced by thick writing, drawing, copying, and photographing materials; I prefer
to allow the castings to cool in a vacuum, or partial vacuum, as by this means a
more perfect cast can be obtained.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original,
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the hereinbefore in part
recited Letters Patent is,-
The production of compounds, herein designated "Vulcan coments," by melting
together sulphur or brimstone with other than metallic substances or metallic
sulphides, substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Julius Sachs, have to this my
Specification set my hand and seal, this Fourth day of March, One thousand
eight hundred and eighty one.
Signed, sealed, and delivered
by the within named
Joseph Julius Sachs in the
presence of
CHARLES J. ROBERTS,
Solicitor,
JOSEPH JULIUS SACHS. (LS.)
Rochdale.