Improvements in Ore Crushers.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Dec., 1898-Accepted, 15th July, 1899
[Communicated from abroad by PHILETUS WARREN GATES, of 650, Elston Avenue,
Chicago, Cook County, Illinois, United States of America, Engineer.]
Improvements in Ore Crushers.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent Agents,
45, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
66
My invention relates to improvements in that class of machines known as
gyratory rock and ore breakers," and has for its principal object an improved
form of construction for holding the crushing concaves or liners in the frame,
whereby the same may be readily removed from the machine in case of repair, and
also whereby they can be reversed so as to give a maximum amount of wear on
both ends of same, thereby greatly economizing the cost of operating said
machine,
A further object of the invention is to provide a housing for the driving
mechanism, so that the same may be supplied with oil without waste thereof.
A further object is to provide means for circulating the oil to the bearing
of the eccentric box and main shaft.
A further object of the invention is to provide means for clamping a break pin
interposed between the driving pulley and break hub, through which the power
is transmitted to the driving mechanism for breaking the rock or ore, and finally
to provide and arrange the spider so that the rock or ore cannot come in contact
and be crushed on same; and the invention consists in the features, combinations
and details of construction hereinafter described and claimed.
In the drawings, Figure 1 is a sectional elevation through the centre of the
machine and countershaft, driving pulley, etc.; Fig. 2 a rear view of the machine,
with the countershaft, driving pulley and break pin hub removed; Fig. 3 a
sectional elevation of Fig. 1, taken on the line 3-3; Fig. 4 a plan view, partly
in section, taken on line 4 of Fig. 1; Fig. 5 a plan view of the under side of the
cap for housing in the pinion of the driving mechanism; Fig. 6 a rear view of
the driving pulley, break pin hub and break pin provided with our improvements;
Fig. 7 a perspective view of the break pin hub with a break pin clamped in place;
Fig. 8 a sectional elevation of one-half of the upper part of the machine con-
structed in the ordinary manner; and Fig. 9 a sectional elevation of one-half of
the upper part of the machine, in which the concaves and concave ring are held in
place by our improved method, but are not reversible.
In the art to which this invention relates, it is well known that there are serious
objections to the manner in which the top shell of the frame is held in place—
that is, the shell which usually holds the concaves. Further, it is well known
that there are serious objections to the manner in which the spider is secured to
the top shell, in that it is sometimes within the working range of the crushing
head, as shown in Fig. 8. It is also well known that there are various other

page_text: objections in the use of mechanisms constructed as at present, in that the break
pins become loose, and also that the oil or lubricant used for the gear and eccentric
is thrown out of its chamber, causing considerable annoyance. It is also known
that the crushing concaves always wear out at the lower portion thereof, so that
when such lower portion is worn, the concaves have to be thrown away.
It is well known that these gyrating rock and ore crushers have a shaft which
is gyrated by means of gears at the bottom part, and have the upper part of the
shaft fulcrumed in some stationary part of the machine. The upper part of the
crusher is provided with a crushing head adapted to crush, break or grind material
between it and the crushing, concaves.
In this class of crushers the work is acted
on very powerfully by means of a gyrating rolling lever action, so that the force
as applied is multiplied many times, and hence extremely high degrees of frictional
resistance are developed at the lower portion of the shaft where the power is
applied. It becomes a serious and important question, therefore, to provide means
for supplying oil or lubricant to the moving surfaces, so as to minimize adhesion
and frictional resistance and thereby prolong the usefulness and add to the efficiency
of the machine, as well as provide means for automatically furnishing a quantity
of oil to one or both of the bearings which surround the gyrating shaft.
The principal object of my invention; therefore, is to provide a simple, economical
and efficient rock and ore breaker, in which the above objections are obviated
and the improvements incorporated, as will more fully hereinafter appear.
In constructing a machine in accordance with my improvements, I make a
frame portion A, of the desired size, shape and strength, adapted to support,
contain and hold the various portions in their operative positions. This frame,
or the lower portion thereof is preferably constructed of a base a having four
pillars a¹ arranged thereon which support the upper circular portion A¹. This
upper circular portion is split, as shown at a², and provided with a clamping
bolt a for the purpose of contracting such portion and holding the upper shell
or concave ring B in its operative position. Ordinarily this upper shell is holted to a
flange on the lower or main frame portion, and sometimes it is formed integral
therewith. There are various objections to these methods, in that the machine
is subjected to excessive strains, and considerable difficulty is encountered in the
fitting and securing of the parts in position.
The old method of securing the upper shell to the lower base is illustrated in
Fig. 8, in which A2 represents the lower frame portion, and B2 the upper shell.
In this figure it will be noticed that the spider portion C is fitted in a chamber
recess in the upper shell, and is bolted firmly in this position. It will also be
noticed that the upper portion of the steel or chilled iron crushing head D can
come opposite the inner surface c¹ of the spider when the shaft has been raised
by the lighter screw S shown in Figs. 1 and 2. At times this is objectionable,
because as the material is fed in from the hopper E it is grasped between the
upper portion of the crushing head and the inner surface of the spider, and as
such spider is not constructed to withstand the heavy strain of crushing, the grasp-
ing of the material between it and the head oftentimes results in the destruction
of the parts. In order to overcome this objection, I insert the upper shell portion,
or concave ring, into the lower frame, and clamp it therein as above described,
allowing a portion of it to project above such lower portion. Around this upper
portion of the upper shell I pass the rim of the spider C, and split such rim-as
at using a clamping bolt 3 to firmly secure the spider to the upper portion of
the shell. This structure is shown in Figs. 12 and 9, and from an examination
of these figures it will be seen that the spider is entirely removed from the working
range of the crushing head D, which is secured to the gyrating shaft D in any
of the usual ways.
The steel or chilled iron crushing concaves G are secured in the upper shell or
concave ring by being placed therein, and molten Babbit or soft metal g flowed
between them and the shell, which acts to firmly key and hold the same in operative
position

page_text: At the lower portion of Fig. 1 à bevelled gear H is shown for gyrating the
shaft D by means of the driving gear H¹, which is secured to the driving counter
shaft h. These gears are inclosed in a chamber h', which is adapted to be partially
filled with oil or other lubricant in order to minimize frictional force and facilitate
the operation of the parts. Ordinarily, as shown in present constructions, the
gears act as a pump-especially the driving gear-to force the lubricant out
through the bearing portions of the side walls thereof. In order to overcome these
objections and provide a chamber for this crusher which will be hermetically
sealed and prevent the ordinary escape of lubricant, I make a bearing bracket 1,
and prefer to form it integral with the lower frame portion. This bearing bracket
forms the lower half bearing for the journal of the driving counter shaft, and
the upper portion I¹ may be removed. The upper wall of the chamber his con-
structed with an open top box which incloses the driving gear H, except on a portion
of the back side, where the shaft for said gear enters the box, and on this side
such part as constructed is made with two walls-as shown at ³,, and 26, form-
ing part of the space i. The balance of this space is formed by raising the
walls, on the upper side of the box 1', which correspond with the walls, i,
and . The lower portion of the box I' is fitted into a recess or channel i so as
to position the same, and is bolted securely. In order to hermetically seal the
driving gear box, packing is inserted in the space ¹, so that when the cap I² is
placed in position, a projection 22 on the lower portion thereof will contact the
packing and made a liquid-tight joint. At the same time the parts are so con-
structed and arranged that the gearing may be removed without disturbing the
rest of the mechanism. It will be seen that the bottom J of the machine is
removably secured in position, so that the gear for gyrating the shaft may be
removed through the lower portion of the machine.
In present structures it is well known that the break pin causes considerable
trouble and annoyance, in that it becomes loose in its socket, causing back lash
and breaking of the pin. In order to overcome this objection I make a sleeve
portion K, which is keyed to the driving counter shaft by means of a key b, as
On this sleeve the driving pulley Lis
shown particularly in Figs. 1 and 6.
loosely mounted, so that ordinarily it would be permitted to rotate without driving
the mechanism. In order to provide safety driving mechanism between the driving
sleeve and pulley, so as to preserve the parts from damage by excessive strains, a
break pin is provided and grasped-as shown in Fig. 1-by the driving pulley
In order to hold this in position I slot the
and arms on the driving sleeve.
driving sleeve, as at k², and pass the clamping bolt 3 through the same, as shown
particularly in Fig. 7. By tightening this clamping bolt the break pin is firmly
held against any play whatever, so that during running or operating of the
machine, such break pin does not become loose and cause breakage or annoyance.
It is necessary that this break pin be held firmly and rigidly in order that the
machine may operate properly, and this means of clamping which I have devised
It is understood that the
secures it in a satisfactory and economical manner.
same clamping device is used to secure the other end of the break pin to the
driving pulley L.
Mounted in the frame is a gyrating shaft D2 fulcrumed at 6 in the spider por-
tion C, the uper portion of which shaft is provided with a head D), between which
and the crushing concave material may be crushed. The power and motion is
transmitted to the lower end of the gyrating shaft by means of the bevel gear H
in which the shaft is journalled, and which meshes or engages with a driving bevel
pinion H. This pinion is mounted on a driving counter shaft h, which may be
provided with gearing or pulleys at its outer end.
As above stated, it will be noticed from an inspection of Fig. 1 that the lower
end of the gyrating shaft is journalled in this bevel gear, so that during the
rotations of the bevel gear the shaft is gyrated and at the same time permitted to
rotate independently upon its axis, so as to facilitate the crushing of material
between the head and concaves. In order to automatically furnish a continuous

page_text: supply of lubricant to one or both of the bearing portions which surround the
gyrating shaft when the parts are in motion, I surround either a portion or the
whole of the bevel gear with the frame portion, so as to provide a main oil reser-
voir h¹ in which oil may be kept in sufficient quantities. The driving bevel pinion
is mounted in an enclosed chamber which communicates with the main reservoir,
and its teeth dip down into the body of oil in such reservoir, so that during the
rotations of the bevel pinion the oil is carried up and thrown with considerable
force against the housing. A portion of the oil is thrown into a vertical reservoir
located to one side of the bevel pinion, and by means of a channel g³ is led to an
oil cup g which surrounds the gyrating shaft above the hub e' of the bevel gear.
It will be noticed that the frame portion a, which surrounds the hub of the bevel
gear, extends to a point above the same and forms the oil cup g, so that during
the rotations of the parts a portion of the oil in said cup is retained to lubricate
the journals of the bevel gear hub and gyrating shaft.
As the quantity of oil which is furnished the cup g is considerable and apt to
be largely in excess of what is necessary to lubricate the journals, it is desirable
to provide means by which the surplus oil may be returned to the main reservoir, so
as to prevent the filling and overflowing of the oil in the oil cup. In order to
accomplish this result and assist the circulation of the oil to the journals, I provide
the frame of the machine, especially the part e which surrounds the bevel gear with
a channel g. This channel has its inlet opening at a point below the upper edge
of the oil cup, and should be of such size as to take care of the surplus oil and
prevent the oil in the cup from overflowing. The lower or discharge end of this
channel opens into the main oil reservoir above the bevel gear, so as to discharge
the surplus oil into the main reservoir.
By this arrangement it will be seen that when the bevel pinion rotates, as
shown in Fig. 3, the oil is thrown with considerable force into the reservoir g',
while a portion of that which is thrown on the inner surface of the cap portion I²
flows down into the vertical reservoirs until they are filled with a column of oil.
The succeeding oil, as it is impelled by the dynamic force of the rotating bevel
pinion, contacts the column of oil in the vertical channel or reservoir g' and forces
or pushes it, as it were, into and through the channel g³ until it reaches the cup g
where a portion of it is used to lubricate the bearing, while the overflow or surplus
amount passes down through the channel g into the main reservoir beneath the
bevel gear.
The cap I is also flared or funnel-shaped at its ends, so as to con-
centrate the flying oil and guide it to the vertical chamber or reservoir.
From an inspection of Figs. 1 and 3 it will be seen that a second vertical oil
reservoir is provided. This reservoir is connected with the oil cup by means
of a channel 3 similar to that shown in Fig. 3, so that when the bevel pinion is
rotated in a direction opposite to that shown in Fig. 3, the oil will be thrown with
considerable force into the vertical reservoir, and thus provide for the automatic
lubricating of the portions of the bevel gear hub and gyrating shaft no matter
in what direction the mechanisms are rotating.
The advantages of my improvements will be apparent to those skilled in the
art, in that the destructive action due to excessive frictional resistance is minimized
and the life of the machine or mechanisms prolonged, as well as adding to the
efficiency of the machine.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by
my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is:
:-
I. In a rock and ore breaker, the combination of a main body or frame portion,
an annular frame or shell removably and reversibly secured in the main body
portion, and crushing concaves in such annular frame or shell, substantially as
described.
2. In a rock and ore breaker, the combination of a lower frame portion, an
upper spider portion, and a shell portion provided with crushing concaves removably

page_text: and reversibly held between such portions-substantially one-half in each, sub-
stantially as described.
3. In a rock and ore breaker, the combination of a frame or base portion pro-
vided with an upper encircling portion, an annular shell portion provided with
crushing concaves inserted within the upper encircling portion and having its
upper portion projecting above the same, means for securing the upper encircling
portion and the annular shell together, a spider portion encircling the upper
portion of the annular shell, and means for securing it to the annular shell, sub-
stantially as described.
4. In a rock and ore breaker, the combination of a lower frame or base portion
provided with an upper circular portion split longitudinally, an annular shell
portion provided with crushing concaves inserted within the circular portion and
having its upper portion projecting above the same, bolt mechanism for clamping
the upper circular portion and annular shell together, a spider portion split longi-
tudinally encircling the upper part of the annular shell, and bolt mechanism for
clamping the spider portion to the annular shell, substantially as described.
5. In a rock and ore breaker, the combination of a frame portion provided with
a projecting bearing bracket forming a part of the closure of the oil chamber
in which the driving gear mechanism operates, an upper removable box portion
provided with a recess, groove or channel arranged to hold a filling of packing
material, and a cap portion arranged to be secured thereto and compress the pack-
ing so as to form a hermetical joint, substantially as described.
6. In a rock and ore breaker, the combination of a gyrating shaft, a horizontal
driving shaft, gear mechanism intermediate such shafts to transmit power and
motion from one to the other, a driving pulley, lugs secured to the driving shaft so
as to rotate therewith and slitted longitudinally to form clamps, break pins
inserted in the clamp portions and in the driving pulley, and clamping bolts for
closing the clamps to grasp the pins, substantially as described.
7. In a rock and ore breaker, the combination of a gyrating shaft, gear mechanism
for operating the same, a horizontal driving shaft, a sleeve portion secured thereto,
a driving pulley mounted upon the sleeve, projections on such driving sleeve slit
longitudinally to form clamps, break pins inserted in such clamp portions and in
the driving pulley, and clamping bolts for closing the clamps to grasp the pins,
substantially as described.
8. In a rock and ore crusher, the combination of a gyrating shaft, a bevel
gear in and by which the shaft is journalled and gyrated, a bevel pinion meshing
with the bevel gear to drive the same, a frame portion inclosing the bevel gear and
pinion and providing a main oil reservoir beneath such bevel gear and pinion into
which the bevel pinion dips, a vertical reservoir adjacent to the bevel pinion and
into which the oil may be forced by the rotating bevel pinion and provided with a
channel leading from the reservoir to the bearing of the gyrating shaft, a second
channel, leading from the bearing of the gyrating shaft through the frame portion
so as to return the oil to the main reservoir beneath the bevel gear, substantially
as described.
9. In a rock and ore crusher, the combination of a gyrating shaft, a bevel gear
provided with a hub in and by which the shaft is journalled and gyrated, a bevel
pinion meshing with and adapted to drive the bevel gear, a frame portion sur-
rounding the bevel gear and pinion providing a main oil reservoir beneath the
bevel gear into which the bevel pinion dips, a portion of such frame surrounding
the hub of the bevel gear and extending above the same so as to form a cup-shaped
oil recess around the gyrating shaft, an oil reservoir adjacent to the bevel pinion
into which the oil may be thrown by the bevel pinion, a channel leading therefrom
to the oil cup surrounding the gyrating shaft so that the impact of the oil thrown
on the oil in the oil reservoir forces it into the oil cup surrounding the gyrating
shaft, and a channel leading from the oil cup to the main reservoir so as to
promote the circulation of the oil, substantially as described.
10. In a rock and ore crusher, the combination of a gyrating shaft, a bevel gear

page_text: provided with a hub in and by which the shaft is journalled and gyrated, a bevel
pinion meshing with and adapted to drive the bevel gear, a frame portion surround-
ing the bevel gear and pinion providing a main oil reservoir beneath the bevel
gear into which the bevel pinion dips, two vertical reservoirs-one at each side
of the bevel pinion-provided with a channel or channels leading from the reservoirs
to the hub of the bevel gear to lubricate the journals surrounding the gyrating shaft
and with a second channel leading therefrom to the main oil reservoir, sub-
stantially as described.
11. In a rock and ore crusher, the combination of a gyrating shaft, a bevel gear
provided with a hub in and by which the shaft is journalled and gyrated, a bevel
pinion meshing with and adapted to drive the bevel gear, a frame portion sur-
rounding the bevel gear and pinion providing a main oil reservoir beneath the
bevel gear into which the bevel pinion dips, two vertical reservoirs-one at each
side of the bevel pinion-provided with a channel or channels leading from the
reservoirs to the hub of the bevel gear to lubricate the journals surrounding the
gyrating shaft and with a second channel leading therefrom to the main oil
reservoir, and a removable cap for the bevel pinion chamber provided with narrow
end portions to concentrate the flow of oil to the vertical reservoirs, substantially
as described.
Dated this 20th day of December 1808
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings London, W.C.,
. Agents for the Applicant.