A Method and Apparatus for Phonic Reception of Telegraphed Communications.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Dec., 1887
Complete Specification Left, 18th Sept., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 26th Oct., 1888
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A Method and Apparatus for Phonic Reception of Telegraphed
Communications.
1, CLEMENT ADER of 23 Boulevard de Strasbourg Paris in the Republic of
France Electrical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
In transmitting telegraphed communications by cable according to the Morse code
it has been found advantageous to signal dots by positive and dashes by negative
currents, the reversals serving to discharge the cable. My invention relates to
means of rendering these different currents distinguishable by the ear either by
directing the sounds produced by them to the right and the left ear respectively, or
by causing them to produce tones of different pitch. In my Provisional Specification
No. 7265 of 1887 I have referred to means of subdividing undulating electrical
impulses. According to my present invention, I adopt similar means of separating
the positive from the negative impulses, which is most conveniently done by means
of a rapidly vibrating tongue that makes two contacts alternately thus dividing each
impulse whether positive or negative into numerous fractional parts. Both these
contacts are connected to local batteries which by means of resistances or otherwise
are made to send currents approximately equal to those transmitted by the line. In
each of these connections between the battery and the dividing contact I introduce
a telephonic receiver one for the right and one for the left ear of the operator.
When a positive line current comes, half of its fractional parts are reinforced by
the one battery current which is of the same direction and therefore these actuate
the one receiver, but those of the other half are neutralised by the other battery
current which is of the opposite direction and therefore they do not actuate the other
receiver. Thus according as the right or the left ear receives the sound, the signal
transmitted is understood to be a dot or a dash. The divided current may be
made to act on two vibrating tongues, the one of high pitch and the other of low
pitch, thus distinguishing the dots and dashes. The dividing tongue, or tongues
may actuate a single telephonic receiver having two coils one in the line which

page_text: connects each dividing contact with the corresponding battery. Obviously a single
battery may be employed, one of its terminals being connected to each of the dividing
contacts. Resistances, condensers or inductors may be introduced in any of the
conducting connections to suit the local currents employed to those transmitted by
the line, and the local batteries, instead of being connected to the contacts which
receive the line currents, may be in shunt circuits including coils of the receivers
which have also coils for the line currents.
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1007
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
1
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A Method and Apparatus for Phonic Reception of Telegraphed
Communications.
1, CLÉMENT ADER of 23 Boulevard de Strasbourg Paris in the Republic of
France Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
In transmitting telegraphed communications by cable according to the Morse code,
it has been found advantageous to signal dots by positive and dashes by negative
currents, the reversals serving to discharge the cable. My invention relates to means
of rendering these different currents distinguishable by the ear either by directing
the sounds produced by them to the right and the left ear respectively, or by causing
them to produce tones of different pitch. In my Provisional Specification No. 7265
of 1887, I have referred to means of subdividing undulating electrical impulses.
According to my present invention, I adopt similar means of separating the positive
from the negative impulses, which is most conveniently done by means of a rapidly
vibrating tongue that makes two contacts alternately thus dividing each impulse
whether positive or negative into numerous fractional parts. Both these contacts are
connected to local Batteries which by means of resistances or otherwise are made to
send currents approximately equal to those transmitted by the line. In each of these
connections between the battery and the relay contact 1 introduce a telephonic
_receiver_one_for_the_right.and_one-for-the-left-ear-of-the-operator. When-a-positive-
line current comes, half of its fractional parts are reinforced by the one battery
current which is of the same direction and therefore these actuate the one receiver,
but those of the other half are neutralised by the other battery current which is of

page_text: the opposite direction and therefore they do not actuate the other receiver. Thus
according as the right or the left ear receives the sound, the signal transmitted is
understood to be a lot or a dash. The divided currents may be made to act on two
vibrating tongues the one of high pitch and the other of low pitch, thus distinguishing
the dots and dashes. The dividing tongue or tongues may actuate a single tele-
phonic receiver having two coils one in the line which connects each dividing
contact with the corresponding battery. Obviously a single battery may be employed,
one of its terminals being connected to each of the dividing contacts. Resistances,
condensers or inductors may be introduced in any of the conducting connections to
suit the local currents employed to those transmitted by the line, and the local
batteries instead of being connected to the contacts which receive the line currents,
may be in shunt circuits including coils of the receivers which have also coils for the
line currents.
The accompanying drawings, chiefly in diagrammatic form, show various ways in
which the invention can be applied. Assuming that the line wire L transmits
alternating positive and negative currents, which are necessarily undulatory as
indicated by the waves which are shewn dark for the positive and hatched for the
negative undulations, on reaching the dividing apparatus F, each divided current
would be passed half to the receiver R and half to R. By connecting two batteries P
and P to the receivers, with their poles inverted, a current would be set up as
indicated by the arrows causing a continuous sound in the receivers which could be
moderated by suitable rheostats applied to the batteries. When a positive current is
transmitted by the line and divided at F., the half which passes to the left is
reinforced by the battery current, while that which passes to the right is neutralised
and thus the receiver R is actuated and the other receiver R' is inert. In a similar
way a negative current is made to actuate the receiver R¹, the receiver R being
inert. The dividing apparatus applied at F may consist of a blade caused to vibrate
between two contacts a and b in relation to an electromagnet e excited alternately
by a local battery. Fig. 2 shews on an enlarged scale a construction of such dividing
apparatus. In front of an electromagnet is an armature F carrying at its end a
non-conducting piece which vibrates between two springs d d pushing them
alternately away from a contact e connected to the line.
;
The blades à d¹ are respectively connected to the two receivers. As shewn in
Fig. 3 two current dividers S and D may be employed giving by their vibration
notes of different pitch, so that the positive and negative impulses can be better
distinguished.
A single receiver R double coiled may be used as indicated in Fig. 4.
In Fig. 5 there is a single battery P with resistances H H introduced in the earth
leads. A similar arrangement is shewn in Fig. 6 with the battery and resistances
interposed between the line and the dividing apparatus. In Figs. 7 and 8 the
receivers are in the earth lead whether one battery and resistances be employed as in
Fig. 7 or two batteries as in Fig. 8. A second vibrator may be employed as indicated
in Fig. 9. In Fig. 10 the two vibrators S and D are arranged to short circuit the
receivers. As shewn in Fig. 11 the receivers have double coils, the one coil in each
case taking the line currents, the other taking currents from the local battery which
are divided by additional vibrators S' D₁ vibrating synchronously with S and D
respectively. Fig. 12 shews a condenser X in the earth lead, and Fig. 13 shews
condensers CC interposed between the receivers and the battery. The above are
given as examples, but obviously the electrical apparatus and connections may be
arranged in many different ways to produce the desired results.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Effecting phonic reception of alternating line currents by dividing them into
fractions half of which are inade to pass by one route and half by another route to a
receiver or receivers, both routes being affected by local currents in such a manner

page_text: that a fractional positive impulse is reinforced on the one route and neutralised on the
other, and a fractional negative impluse is, neutralised on the former route and
reinforced on the latter, substantially as herein described.
2. The application of phonic receivers actuated as above described by alternating
currents, distinguishing by the ear the positive and negative currents as representing
Morse dots and dashes.
3. For fractionally dividing the line currents, the use of two vibrators of different
pitch, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
4. As apparatus for phonic reception of alternating line currents the combination of
one or more vibrators, one or more local batteries and a pair of telephonic receivers
or one receiver double coiled, connected and arranged substantially as described.
Dated this 18th day of September 1888.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.