Improvements in Pumping Apparatus.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Apr., 1898- Accepted, 25th June, 1898
[Communicated from abroad by CHARLES CAMPBELL WORTHINGTON, Mechanical
Engineer, of Irvington, in the County of Westchester and State of New
York, United States of America.]
Improvements in Pumping Apparatus.
I, HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of The Office for Patents, 6, Bream's Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to an improved pumping apparatus designed especially
for use in connection with automatic sprinkler and other fire systems, but which
may be used also in connection with any system in which it is desired to maintain
a fluid supply under pressure, and which is liable to constant or frequent slight
withdrawal of fluid, by leakage, or otherwise, such that the required pressure in
the system may be restored or maintained against such slight withdrawal by a
small auxiliary pump, so that the main pump operates only when the system is
called upon for fire or other service involving a larger withdrawal of fluid.
The object of the present invention is to provide an improved pumping apparatus
of this class in which the main pump shall be controlled from the auxiliary pump
through simple and positively-acting means, so as to secure the proper operation
of the latter when required, and this result is secured by the use of means control-
ling the supply of steam, the electric current, or other source of power, to the
main pump, and actuated by a member controlled by the auxiliary pump through
suitable devices, so as to supply power for the operation of the main pump, when
the latter is to be called into action.
The invention, broadly considered, may be embodied in many different forms,
and various means be used for operating the pumps and securing the desired
control of the main pump by the auxiliary pump, but the main pump is preferably
controlled directly by the speed of the auxiliary pump, so that the device control-
ling the supply of power to the main pump is actuated for the operation of the
main pump by the increase of speed of the auxiliary pump, which results from
the reduction of pressure in the system caused by a withdrawal of fluid in excess
of the quantity that the auxiliary pump is constructed or arranged to supply.
This result is best obtained by the use of a speed governor actuated by the auxiliary
pump, and having suitable connections to the valve controlling the steam supply
to a steam-operated main pump, or to a switch controlling an electrically-driven
main pump, or other device controlling the operation of the main pump in any
other suitable manner.
It is also preferred to provide means for regulating the supply of power to the
auxiliary pump in accordance with the amount of fluid to be pumped thereby,
so. that, instead of the auxiliary pump operating constantly, or at a uniform rate
of speed, it is operated intermittently, or at varying speeds, by controlling the
supply of power thereto in accordance with the withdrawal of fluid from the
system, at a rate less than the rate of withdrawal at which the main pump is to
be called into operation. This result may best be attained, in steam-operated
Price Rd

page_text: pumps, by the use of a steam accumulator, which also acts to maintain a uniform
pressure within the system, and secure the smooth, uniform, and properly regu-
lated action of the apparatus desired. With such an accumulator, also, it is
possible to dispense with the speed governor by which the device controlling the
power supply of the main pump is actuated, and actuate this device by connections
to the accumulator piston, and such a construction is within the invention.
Means are provided by which the device controlling the power supply to the
main pump is positively held in position, when opened by the action of the auxi-
liary pump, so that the main pump continues in operation until the power is again
shut off by hand, or by means operating independently of the auxiliary pump,
with the result, that the action of the auxiliary pump operates only to start the
main pump, and the main pump then continues in operation independently of the
auxiliary pump. The auxiliary pump may operate, however, to both start and
stop the main pump.
The invention includes also an improved strainer to be placed in the suction
pipe of the pumping apparatus, for preventing sediment passing to the apparatus
with the liquid, and which strainer may be used, also, in other constructions,
when such a strainer is desirable.
There are various forms of systems in connection with which the present inven-
tion may be applied, but it is especially applicable to sprinkler systems of the
common class, in which the water is maintained under pressure produced directly
by the pumping of water into the system, in which case the auxiliary pump is a
water pump for supplying water to the system, to maintain the pressure against
water leakage, and the invention, therefore, will be illustrated and described as
applied to such a system in connection with steam-operated pumps.
In the accompanying drawings, shewing so much of sprinkler systems embody-
ing the various features of the invention in preferred forms as is necessary for
the purpose of illustration.
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic side elevation, partly in section, shewing an
apparatus in which the steam valve of the main pump is controlled directly by the
speed of the auxiliary pump, so as to open the valve when the speed of the auxiliary
pump becomes excessive, on account of the withdrawal of water from the system
in excess of the pumping capacity of the auxiliary pump.
Figure 2 is a similar view of a system in which the steam valve of the main
pump is controlled by the same means, but a steam accumulator is combined with
the auxiliary pump, to control the supply of steam thereto.
Figure 3 shows a pumping apparatus similar to that shown in Figure 2, except
that the main steam valve is opened and closed by the accumulator piston, and
the speed governor of Figures 1 and 2 omitted.
Figure 4 is a detailed plan of the auxiliary pump and accumulator construction
of Figure 3.
Figure 5 is a longitudinal central section of the accumulator.
Figure 6 is a central vertical section of the strainer.
Figure 7 is a section on the line 7 of Figure 6.
Figure 8 is a perspective view of the screen removed from the casing.
Referring now particularly to the construction shown in Figure 1, A is the
steam end, and A₁ the water end, of the main pump; B the suction main with
strainer, X, thereon; and C the force main connected to an automatic sprinkler
system, or other system, in which the water supply is to be maintained at a certain
pressure. a, a¹ are respectively the steam and water ends of the auxiliary pump,
and b the suction and the delivery pipe of the same. The suction pipe b in this
construction connects with and takes its water from the water cylinder of the main
pump through a small chamber 10 mounted on top of the pump, and connecting
with the cylinder on opposide sides of the diaphragm through passages 1 controlled
by check valves 2 opening upward or toward the auxiliary pump, there being
such a connection with the chamber 10 on the pump cylinders A¹ at each side
of the pump.
As shown in Figure 4, two suction pipes b are used, entering at

page_text: opposite sides of the water end a¹ of the auxiliary pump. The delivery pipe c
connects with the force main C through a pipe d, and thus to the system with
which the pumping apparatus is employed, so that the auxiliary pump, as well
as the main pump, delivers directly to the system. While it is to be understood
that the auxiliary pump can be connected to the suction pipe B of the main pump,
or elsewhere, it is preferable to connect it as described, so that the cylinders of
the main pump can be kept normally free from air, and charged with water, ready
for the plunger to operate immediately on solid water when called upon to move.
This arrangement dispenses with the necessity of charging or priming pipes for
the cylinders of the main pump, as ordinarily used for this purpose. The valves 2
are used so that communication will be shut off between the two ends of the water
cylinders of the main pump when the pump is in operation, thus preventing the
water from pulsating from one side of the main pump piston to the other through
the passages 1 and chamber 10.
The steam end A of the main pump receives its supply of steam from the
induction pipe D, the steam passing to the main pump, in the usual operation
of the apparatus, through a bye-pass pipe E, having thereon a valve chamber F,
through which the passage of the steam is controlled by a valve 11, which may
be of any suitable form, being shown as a common form of balanced piston valve.
The induction pipe D is provided with a throttle 12 between the ends of the
bye-pass pipe E, by which steam may be supplied to the main pump directly
through the induction pipe, without control by the valve 11, if desired, and a
small amount of steam may be allowed to pass constantly to the main pump,
independently of the valve 11, to keep the pump in condition for immediate use.
The valve 11 is normally closed, so that the main pump is out of operation, the
auxiliary pump being in action, and being arranged to supply the system with
water sufficient to offset the loss by leakage or other causes producing such a
small withdrawal of water that it is not desired that the main pump shall act,
the pressure in the system thus being maintained by the auxiliary pump, which
receives a constant supply of steam from the induction pipe D, or, as shown, from
the by-pass pipe E on the inlet side of the valve chamber F through steam pipe e.
An automatic regulating valve 20, of any common or suitable form, is used upon
the pipe e, to secure and maintain uniform the desired supply of steam to the
auxiliary pump. The usual drain pipes 17 for the steam end of the main pump
and the induction pipe D are shown.
The valve 11 is controlled directly by the auxiliary pump, and opened to admit
steam to the main pump through the valve chamber F, when the withdrawal of
water from the system is in excess of the amount for the supply of which the
auxiliary pump is designed, so that the desired supply of water and pressure in
the system is not maintained by the auxiliary pump.
In the construction shown in Figure 1, the auxiliary pump acts upon the
valve 11 through a device so actuated by the auxiliary pump that, when the
speed of the auxiliary pump rises sufficiently through the reduction of pressure
in the system by the withdrawal of water therefrom, the valve 11 is opened to
start the main pump. For this purpose, the auxiliary pump has connected there-
with a speed governor which may be of any suitable form, the governor f shown
being well known under the name of the Mason pump governor, the operating
arm of this governor being connected to a moving part of the auxiliary pump
by a link 13, so as to be actuated therefrom, and having its weighted bell-crank
lever 14 connected to the valve 11 through a slotted link 15, and slide 16, mounted
in the head of the valve chamber F and bracket 3 on the end of the valve chamber.
In this construction, with the suction of the auxiliary pump connected to the
cylinder of the main pump, the speed of the auxiliary pump will normally be
maintained while the main pump is in operation, but a slotted connection 4
between the end of the bell crank lever 14 and the link 15 is preferably used, and
arranged as shown in Figure 1, so that the auxiliary pump acting through the
speed governor f will open the valve 11, but on the return of the bell-crank

page_text: lever 14 by the weight, in case the auxiliary pump should slow down, the valve 11
will not be closed thereby, but will remain open, and the main pump remain
in action until the valve 11 is closed by hand by the attendant, or by any suitable
automatic means independently of the auxiliary pump. If the suction of the
auxiliary pump be not assisted by the pumping action of the main pump, then
such lost motion connection is necessary, unless it be desired to close the valve 11
by the slowing down of the auxiliary pump as the pressure in the system is raised
by the main pump. In order to assure the valve 11 not being closed accidentally,
means are provided for positively holding the valve 11 against closing, after it
has been opened by the auxiliary pump. Simple means for this purpose is shown,
consisting in a spring-pressed pawl 5 mounted on the bracket 3, and engaging
a notched portion of the slide 16. The strainer X through which the main and
auxiliary pumps take their suction, is shown in detail in Figures 6 to 8, and
consists of a casing, preferably cylindrical, forming a closed chamber or cistern,
and provided with inlet and outlet branches 21, 22, for connection with the ends
of the pipe on which it is placed, and communicating with the interior of the
upper part of the chamber on opposite sides, and with a removable cover 23.
Inside the casing, is a vertical strainer or screen formed of
suitable straining
sheet in two sections a, a, having their vertical edges 24 at the outlet side of the
chamber connected and the sections diverging, so that their other vertical edges 25
engage the walls of the chamber on either side of the inlet 21, as shown. The
strainer is thus in the form of a hollow wedge open at the base, and extending
the full height of the chamber, and forms a partition dividing the chamber into
two parts, so that any water entering through the inlet 21, must pass through
the strainer in order to reach the outlet 22.
With the straining sheet arranged in this manner, that is, with its sides vertical,
and oppositely inclined to the direction of flow of the water, and forming a par-
tition between the inlet and the outlet in the chamber, a very large straining
surface, in proportion to the size of the casing X, is secured, so that there will
be but a very slight obstruction of the flow of the water, even with a casing quite
small in proportion to the size of the pipe. There will also be a comparatively
slow flow of the water through the strainer, and this, in connection with the feature
of the straining sheet being at an angle to the general direction of flow of the
water, ensures a more perfect action of the strainer, and a lessened liability of the
strainer becoming clogged in use. The arrangement of the parts is such, also,
that the outlet and inlet may be directly opposite each other, so that the pipe
in which the strainer is placed need not be moved out of line. As the chamber
and strainer contained therein, extend some distance below the inlet and outlet
to the chamber, the movement of the water in the lower part of the chamber will
be less than in the part directly between the inlet and outlet, so that sediment
or other foreign matter intercepted by the strainer, and falling to the bottom of
the chamber, will not be disturbed, and the water passing through the strainer
will not be brought into contact with the foreign matter which has been separated
from water which has previously passed through the strainer.
The sections,, a¹, extend upward from a triangular bottom piece 26, and are
preferably strengthened by upright bars 27. Fixed bars or ribs 28 are provided
on the interior walls of the casing, which serve as guides for the strainer on either
side of the inlet 21, and hold it in place. The strainer may thus be readily
removed from the casing for cleaning or renewal, when the cover 23 has been
removed. The bottom 26 of the strainer is preferably provided, along the edge
corresponding to the open side of the strainer, with a flange or ledge 29, for
retaining on the bottom of the strainer, matter which has been separated out
from the water passing through it.
The operation of the construction shown in Figure 1 will be understood from
a brief description:-
The supply of water and pressure in the system of which the force main C
forms a part, is maintained by the auxiliary pump supplying the loss by leakage

page_text: or other causes involving small withdrawal of water from the system, the auxiliary
pump, under such conditions of pressure, operating at a speed below that at which
the governor fis operated to open the valve 11. When a larger withdrawal of
water from the system occurs, as, for instance, in case of a sprinkler opening on
a fire service of an automatic sprinkler system, the pressure against which the
auxiliary pump is working is immediately lowered, and the speed of the auxiliary
pump increases, thus operating the speed governor f to throw the bell-crank
lever 14 to the right in Figure 1, against the resistance of the weight on its
horizontal arm, which, through the link 15 and slide 16, moves the valve 11 to
the right in this figure, so as to admit steam to the main pump through the by-
pass pipe E and valve chamber F. The valve 11 is then held in opened position
by the engagement of the pawl 5 with a notch on slide 16, and the main pump
thus continues in operation until again closed by hand or otherwise, when the
normal operation of the apparatus with the auxiliary pump in operation, and the
main pump out of operation, is to be resumed.
In Figure 2 is shown a construction similar to that of Figure 1, except that,
instead of the supply of steam to the auxiliary pump being constant, a steam
pressure accumulator is connected to the auxiliary pump, which regulates the
supply of steam to the auxiliary pump, so that the operation of the latter is varied
in accordance with the amount of water withdrawn from the system, on account
The steam
of leakage or other causes resulting in a small withdrawal of water.
pressure accumulator shown is now well known under the name of the
Worthington Steam Accumulator," and requires but a brief description.
«
In this construction, as shown in detail in Figures 4 and 5, g is the pressure
chamber, the steam chamber, and i the piston of the accumulator, the pressure
chamber being connected to the delivery pipe c of the auxiliary pump by a pipe c
opening to the end of the chamber. The steam supply pipe e connects directly
with the steam chamber h, and the steam from the chamber h passes through
openings 6 into the hollow stem 18, carried by, and moving with, the piston, and
from the stem, through the openings 7, into chamber 8, with which pipe el connects,
and through which the steam passes to the valve chamber of the auxiliary pump,
the supply of steam to the auxiliary pump thus being increased as the piston i
moves toward the delivery end of the pressure chamberg by the passage of the
steam through more of the openings 6 into the stem 18, as these openings are
uncovered by being moved through the head of the chamber h, so as to open
into the chamber, and the supply of steam to the auxiliary pump is decreased
as the piston i moves in the opposite direction, and closes some of the openings 6,
by moving them into or past the head of the chamber h.
The operation of this construction is as follows:-The main pump being out
of operation, the water supply and pressure of the system is maintained against
leakage and other slight withdrawal of water by the auxiliary pump, this pump
delivering more or less water according to the amount of withdrawal from the
system, the accumulator piston i controlling the supply of steam to the auxiliary
pump, so as to increase such supply, as the accumulator piston i moves toward
the delivery end of the pressure chamber g on the withdrawal of water in excess
of that delivered by the auxiliary pump, and to decrease the supply of steam as
the piston is moved in the opposite direction by the pumping pressure of the
auxiliary pump. The accumulator may be arranged so as to cut off the steam
entirely from the auxiliary pump, or always to admit sufficient steam to keep
the pump running at a low speed, this depending upon the leakage or other with-
drawal of water from the system. On the withdrawal of water from the system
in excess of the pumping capacity of the auxiliary pump, the pressure in the
system is reduced, and the speed of the auxiliary pump increased, and the valve 11
is then opened by the increased speed of the auxiliary pump, acting through the
Mason governor f, exactly as fully described above in connection with the con-
struction shown in Figure 1, and the main pump then remains in operation until
the valve is closed again, when the speed of the auxiliary pump is reduced, and
the parts of the governor returned to position, as previously described.

page_text: In the construction shown in Figure 2, the speed governor f may be omitted,
and the valve 11 connected so as to be operated by the piston i of the accumulator.
Such a construction is shown in Figure 3, and in the detail Figures 4 and 5,
with the stem 18 carried by the accumulator piston i extending through the head
of the chamber h, and connected to the slide 16 of the valve 11. As shown,
the accumulator piston is connected to the valve 11, so as to move it
in both directions, but a flexible or slotted connection may be used, so that the
valve will be opened by the accumulator piston, but not closed thereby. The
suction of the auxiliary pump in this construction is connected to the suction
side of the main pump, so that the auxiliary pump charges the suction or supply
side of the main pump, but not the pump chambers, and the auxiliary pump works
against the pressure of the system when the main pump is in operation, so that
it slows down as the pressure in the system is raised by the main pump.
The operation of the accumulator construction is the same as that shown in
Figure 2, and previouly described, except that the accumulator and auxiliary pump
are arranged so that the accumulator piston i will be normally some distance
from the delivery end of the pressure chamber b, as shown in Figure 5, and will
not move toward the delivery end of the pressure chamber from this position
sufficiently to open the valve 11, except in case of such withdrawal of water from
the system as renders the operation of the main pump desirable. When, there-
fore, by the withdrawal of water from the system in excess of the pumping capacity
of the auxiliary pump, the accumulator piston i moves toward the delivery end
of the pressure chamber sufficiently beyond the point at which it is shown in
Figure 5, the valve 11 will be opened, and the main pump brought into action,
and the accumulator piston i is again moved to the left from the delivery end
of the pressure chamber g, as the pressure in the system is raised by the main
pump, when the withdrawal of water from the system ceases, and at the proper
time closes the valve 11, and throws the main pump out of action, the normal
operation of the apparatus being then resumed. If a flexible or lost motion con-
nection be used between the accumulator piston and the valve 11, the valve 11 will
remain open until closed by hand or otherwise, as is in the constructions previ-
ously described. If the suction pipe b of the auxiliary pump be connected to the
suction of the main pump, as in Figure 3, the speed governors of the constructions
shown in Figures 1 and 2 may be connected to the valve 11, so as to both open
and close the valve, the means for holding the valve open being omitted.
The invention has been described as applied to the common sprinkler system,
in which the whole system is liquid, but such an apparatus may readily be applied
also in. connection with what is known in fire protection systems as the dry-pipe
system, where air pressure is maintained on the piping and sprinkler distribution
until such time as the sprinkler opens, when the air pressure escapes, and water
for the extinguishing of the fire follows. On such a system, the auxiliary pump
described might be an air compressor used for the maintenance of the air pressure,
its subsequent operations with reference to the main pump being the same as
those already described; or this auxiliary pump may be both a water pump for
keeping up the leakage in such portion of the system as is constantly under water
pressure, and an air pump for keeping up the air supply on the dry-pipe portion
of the system.
It will be understood that other arrangements of the main and auxiliary pumps
and devices for controlling the operation of the main pump by the auxiliary pump
may be used, and that the present invention is not to be limited to the specific
arrangements or devices shown for this purpose. The pumps shown are of a common
form of duplex steam pump, but it will be understood that the invention may be
applied in connection with pumps of any other suitable form, or driven by other
than steam power. Should the pumps be electrically driven, it will be readily
understood that the devices described may be made to operate switches of well

page_text: known form, or other devices for turning on or off the electric current to the motor
or motors driving the main pump.
In case electricity be used, the steam accumulator described will not be applic-
able, except where the auxiliary pump is steam driven and the main pump
electrically driven, in which case, there will be substituted for the balanced
valve 11 an electrical switch connected to the main pump. If both the auxiliary
and main pump be electrically driven, the speed governor or similar device
operated by the auxiliary pump, will operate the switch controlling the main
pump, when the speed of the auxiliary pump exceeds a certain limit.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to
me from abroad, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. A pumping apparatus for pressure systems having a main pump connected
to the system, and normally out of operation, an auxiliary pump connected to the
system, and arranged to maintain the desired pressure in the system against a
small withdrawal of fluid, a valve or other suitable device controlling the operation
of the main pump, and mechanism through which the pumping action of the
auxiliary pump controls said valve or other device, to bring the main pump into
action, on a withdrawal of fluid from the system in excess of the withdrawal
against which the auxiliary pump is adapted to maintain the pressure.
2. A pumping apparatus for pressure systems having a main pump connected
to the system, and normally out of operation, an auxiliary pump connected to the
system, and arranged to maintain the desired pressure in the system against a
small withdrawal of fluid; a valve or other suitable device controlling the operation
of the main pump, and a speed governor or similar device actuated by the auxiliary
pump, and connected to said valve or other device controlling the operation of the
main pump, so as to bring the main pump into action when the speed of the
auxiliary pump is increased to a predetermined point, on a withdrawal of fluid
from the system in excess of the withdrawal against which the auxiliary pump
is adapted to maintain the pressure.
3. A pumping apparatus for pressure systems, having a main pump connected
to the system, and normally out of operation, an auxiliary pump connected to the
system, and arranged to maintain the desired pressure in the system against a
small withdrawal of fluid; a valve or other suitable device controlling the operation
of the main pump; a pressure accumulator connected to the auxiliary pump;
and means varying the supply of steam to the auxiliary pump, in accordance
with the movement of the accumulator piston; and mechanism through which
the pumping action of the auxiliary pump controls said valve or other device,
to bring the main pump into action, on a withdrawal of fluid from the system
in excess of the withdrawal against which the auxiliary pump is adapted to
maintain the pressure.
4. A pumping apparatus for pressure systems having a main pump connected
to the system, and normally out of operation; an auxiliary pump connected to the
system, and arranged to maintain the desired pressure in the system against a
small withdrawal of fluid; a valve or other device controlling the operation of
the main pump; a pressure accumulator connected to the auxiliary pump; and
means varying the supply of steam to the auxiliary pump, in accordance with
the movement of the accumulator piston; and a speed governor or similar device
actuated by the auxiliary pump, and connected to said valve or other device
controlling the operation of the main pump, so as to bring the main pump into
action when the speed of the auxiliary pump is increased to a predetermined point,
on a withdrawal of fluid from the system in excess of the withdrawal against
which the auxiliary pump is adapted to maintain the pressure.
5. A pumping apparatus for pressure systems having a main pump connected
to the system, and normally out of operation; an auxiliary pump connected to the
system, and arranged to maintain the desired pressure in the system against a

page_text: small withdrawal of fluid; a valve or other suitable device controlling the operation
of the main pump; a pressure accumulator connected to the auxiliary pump;
means for varying the supply of steam to the auxiliary pump, in accordance with
the movement of the accumulator piston; and connections between the accumu
lator piston and the valve or other device controlling the main pump, by which
said valve or other device is actuated by the accumulator piston, to bring the main
pump into action, on a withdrawal of Huid from the system in excess of the with-
drawal against which the auxiliary pump is adapted to maintain the pressure.
6. A pumping apparatus for pressure systems, having a main pump connected
to the system, and normally out of operation, an auxiliary pump connected to the
system, and arranged to maintain the desired pressure in the system against a
small withdrawal of fluid; a valve or other suitable device controlling the operation
of the main pump, and mechanism through which the pumping action of the
auxiliary pump controls said valve or other device, to bring the main pump into
action, on a withdrawal of fluid from the system in excess of the withdrawal
against which the auxiliary pump is adapted to maintain the pressure, said
mechanism being arranged to permit its return to normal position without moving
said valve or other device to stop the main pump, so that the main pump continues
in operation until it is stopped by means independent of said mechanism.
7. A pumping apparatus for pressure systemis having a main pump connected
to the system, and normally out of operation; an auxiliary pump connected to the
system, and arranged to maintain the desired pressure in the system against a
small withdrawal of fluid; a valve or other suitable device controlling the operation
of the main pump, and mechanism through which the pumping action of the
auxiliary pump controls said valve or other device, to bring the main pump into
action on a withdrawal of fluid from the system in excess of the withdrawal
against which the auxiliary pump is adapted to maintain the pressure; and means
for positively holding said valve or other device in position for the action of the
main pump until it is moved to stop the main pump by means independent of said
mechanism.
8. A pumping apparatus having a main pump and an auxiliary pump and an
accumulator or weighted piston so connected to the delivery side of the auxiliary
pump and to the starting device of the main pump, as to normally permit the
main pump to be inactive, but to start the main pump into action when the demand
upon the auxiliary pump exceeds a predetermined limit.
9. The combination with an intermittently operating pump, of a second pump,
with its suction or supply side connected with the water cylinder or suction of the
intermittently operating pump, whereby the operation of the second pump charges
with water the cylinder or suction of the intermittently operating pump.
10. The combination with an intermittently operating pump, of a second pump
with its suction or supply side connected with the water cylinder of the inter-
mittently operating pump by automatically operating valves 2, arranged to open
under the pressure of the water passing from the cylinder of the intermittently
operating pump to the suction of the second pump, and to close under back
pressure, whereby the operation of the second pump keeps the water cylinder or
cylinders of the intermittently operating pump charged with water, and the
valves prevent the circulation of water between the pulsation chambers of the
intermittently operating pump, when in action.
11. The combination with a pump normally out of operation, of a second pump
drawing its supply from the water cylinder or cylinders of the first mentioned
pump, whereby the operation of the second pump keeps the water cylinder or
cylinders of the normally operative pump charged with water, and automatically
operating valves 2, through which the second pump draws its supply, arranged
to prevent the circulation of water between the pulsation chambers of the normally
inoperative pump when in action.
12. A strainer having a casing with an inlet and outlet 21, 22, and a strainer
in said casing having two or more vertical sides, forming a partition between

page_text: the inlet and outlet, and oppositely inclined to the flow of liquid from the inlet
to the outlet.
13. A strainer having a casing with an inlet and outlet 21, 22, at the upper end
of the casing, and a vertically removable strainer in said casing, having two or
more vertical sides forming a partition between the inlet and outlet and extending
downward therefrom, and oppositely inclined to the flow of liquid from the inlet
to the outlet, and converging toward the outlet, and a bottom on the inlet side
of the strainer for holding sediment for removal with the strainer.
14. A strainer having a vertical cylindrical casing X, with removable cover 23,
inlet and outlet 21, 22, and guides 28 at opposite sides of the inlet, and the hollow
removable wedge-shaped strainer x, x¹, with its open base opposite the inlet, and
having bottom 26, with retaining flange 29.
15. A pumping apparatus substantially as shown and described in connection
with Figure I of the accompanying drawings.
16. A pumping apparatus substantially as shown and described in connection
with Figures 2 and 5 of the accompanying drawings.
17. A pumping apparatus substantially as shown and described in connection
with Figures 3, 4, and 5, of the accompanying drawings.
18. A strainer substantially as shown and described in connection with
Figures 1, 6, 7, and 8, of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 25th day of April 1898.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.