Improvements in or connected with Incandescent Gas or Oil Lamps.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd May, 1898-Accepted, 23rd July, 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Incandescent Gas or Oil Lamps.
We, ISIDORE LOESER and AUGUSTE LECOMTE, both Manufacturers, of 146,
Boulevard Magenta, Paris, France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The present invention relates to gas-burners, burning gas freely and with which
the particles of carbon, liberated in the flame by the previous decomposition of
the gas are the most numerous and at the highest temperature before being com-
pletely burnt.
It is well known that the number of the particles or molecules of carbon
liberated in the flame, exclusively depends on the more or less great quantity of
air admitted for the combustion and to such an extent, that if there be not air
in sufficient quantity, the flame becomes fuliginous or sooty and allows the carbon
to escape in the state of lamp black.
On the other hand, the amount of light, produced by the carbon, depends on the
more or less high temperature of the said particles, before passing into the state
of carbonic acid.
With the Argand burners, with which the air-current is well regulated, just at
the moment the burner is about to smoke, that is, in the most favourable condi-
tions, we see that the flame is yellow, which denotes a combustion at a temperature
relatively low; but, when by any means, the temperature of these particles of
carbon can be raised, the flame produces more rapid luminous undulations and
the light becomes golden white, the shade of which resembles that of an incan-
descent electric lamp.
We have advantage to raise, the temperature of the flame, because the produced
light seems to increase in a fifth logarithmic proportion, of the increase of tem-
perature.
The burner, shown in the annexed drawing, operates according to the above
indicated principle; the air entering the burner is heated by a double glass-
chimney, according to the arrangement described by Chaussenet, but by the appli-
cation of the construction, forming the object of our invention, the air is heated
to such an extent, that instead of having an augmentation of light of 30%, we
obtain, with the "Standard"-burner system Loeser and Lecomte, an augmentation
of light of 250%.
We beg to observe that these results are obtained with burners, consuming a
small quantity of gas, 80 litres, 160 litres for instance, and the air attaining the
smelting-heat of lead at its arrival into the flame.
With this heat, it is impossible to utilize the glass chimneys without applying
our principle of construction, hereinafter described and shown in the annexed
drawing, because the glass chimneys soften and shrink by the heat.
The same principle of construction may also be applied to ordinary incandescent
mantle-burners, according to certain conditions, as shown in Fig. 6.
In the annexed drawing:
Fig. 1 shows a burner, complete and put up.
Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of the burner-top or cap taken on the line x y

page_text: Fig. 4 is a system of support for the two chimneys.
Fig. 5 is a system of an outer chimney guiding the central chimney.
Fig. 6 shows a mantle-burner, complete and put up.
In Fig. 1, A shows the burner with two, three or four feedings, with or without
central tube; B is the rheometer regulating the discharge of gas; C is the
punched burner-top or cap; D is the cup or chimney-support, E is the globe-
support, F is the outer chimney, G indicates the guide-support of the inner
chimney, H is the inner chimney..
The air enters, as indicated by arrows, at the top of the outer chimney F, passes
downwards between this outer chimney and the inner chimney H and through
the punched cap C; we beg to observe that the air cannot directly enter the
burner, but that this air is laminated in its passage, as indicated by the arrows
of Fig. 2; this excellent arrangement for heating also contemplates as an object
to deaden the air-currents disturbing the flame. In Fig. 1, the said guide G
supports the inner chimney H and holds it in the centre of the outer chimney F;
the point of rest of the inner chimney is taken on this outer chimney, this latter
being never heated to such a degree as to lose its resistance; on the contrary, the
inner chimney H would be softened and deformed by the high temperature to
which it is exposed (our flame is variable between 1800° and 1900° C.), if it were
not advisably held or at least well centred.
In Fig. 3, F shows the outer chimney; H, the inner chimney; the recuperator
is formed of a tube I supported by the outer chimney F, and of a corrugated
metal sheet J, centring the inner chimney H.
According to the resistance of the central chimney H, the said corrugated
metal sheets may slightly press upon this chimney to carry it or simply guide it.
This modification of the guiding support of Fig. 1, allows to obtain a very
efficacious increase of lighting power, rendering the same advantages, by the
increase of the heating surface.
I
In Fig. 4, D is the chimney-support, F is the outer chimney, H, the inner
chimney, K indicates four metal rods, riveted at their lower ends on the said
chimney-support D, insuring the position of the outer chimney Fat k and sup-
porting at the top, a circle L of two parts clasped together after introducing the
chimney F, and holding the chimney H.
With this arrangement we have always the application of the same principle
of centring and supporting of the inner chimney H, but the point of rest is taken
on the burner itself, instead of being taken on the outer chimney.
Fig. 5 simply shows the outer chimney F and the inner chimney H. With
this application of our principle, which may be utilized for moderated gas-
consumptions, the inner chimney H is held at the centre by the outer chimney F,
the upper border of which being cut and curved to allow the air to pass through.
Fig. 6 shows a burner with incandescent mantle, complete and put up; A indi-
cates the crown or burner-top with the mantle, B is the tubular shank provided
with openings, C is a bell, D is a chimney-support, F is the outer chimney, H is
the inner chimney, G indicates the guiding support of the central chimney.
With the mantle-burners, we have but to heat the air passing through the crown
or burner top, and not the air entering the openings of the shank of the burner.
The chimney-support D is therefore arranged above the said openings of the
burner, between these openings and the burner-top or crown.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
--
1.) The principle of the suspension and the centring of the inner chimney of a
heat-recuperating apparatus, the supporting point being taken on the burner itself
or on a part screwed thereon, or on the glass tube or outer chimney, being but
slightly heated, for the purpose to prevent the softening and the deformation of

page_text: the inner glass-chimney; the centring and supporting of the inner chimney being
obtained by a recuperator, punched circles, claws, these parts serving at the same
time to support the shade of the lamp, or still further by the outer glass-chimney
itself.
2.) A supporting-guide chimney, operating as a recuperator and a peculiar
burner-cap or crown, to help the heating of the air and avoiding the action of the
air-currents.
3.) The application of the said principle of suspending and centring the
chimney to all kinds of burners with or without incandescent mantle, or of gas or
oil lamps, all in principle, as herein set forth and for the purpose specified, refer-
ence being had to the annexed drawing.
1000