IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Victor Gallet, of Lavausseau de Benassais,
Department of the Vienne, in the Empire of France, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL."
Sealed the 2nd October 1868, and dated the 8th April 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Victor Gallet at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th April 1868.
I, VICTOR GALLET, of Lavausseau de Benassais, Department of the
Vienne, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture
of cemented and cast steel. With this object I take by preference iron
which has been submitted to one rolling only, and called puddle bar,
and I coat this iron with a cement or paste prepared from the following
ingradients

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Victor Gallet in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 7th October 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, VICTOR
GALLET, of Lavausseau de Benassais, Department of the Vienne, in the
Empire of France, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Victor Gallet, Her special
licence that I, the said Victor Gallet, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Victor Gallet, my exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others; from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for

page_text: IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Victor Gallet, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Victor Gallet, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture
of cemented and cast steel.
In the Specification of a former Patent granted to me and dated the
Twelfth day of December, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six,
No. 3266, I have described improvements in the manufacture of steel
by the use of a composition therein set forth. According to my present
Invention I somewhat vary the composition, and thereby obtain a better
result. With this object I take by preference iron which has been
submitted to one rolling only and called puddle bar, and I coat this
iron with a cement or paste prepared from the following ingredients:-
Wood charcoal
Soot
-
20 parts.
12
وو
Lamp black
15
"
Ivory black
1
"
Anthracite
Graphite or plumbago
1.
"
1
"
Carbonate of lime
33
"
Carbonate of potash
- 3 to 20
"
Carbonate of soda
10
"
Caustic potash
Ordinary or sea salt
Sal ammoniac -
1
دو
1
"
1
Clay
13
23.
Oxide of manganese
3
Resin
3
-
وو
Water-
1

page_text: The salts should be mixed with the water before 'adding the other
ingredients. In some cases I omit the soot, lamp black, ivory black,
anthracite, graphite, carbonate of soda, caustic potash, and sal ammoniac,
and employ the other ingredients in combination, but increasing the
proportion of charcoal to 50 parts. The iron thus coated is heated and
it may afterwards be melted.
And in order that my said Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into effect I will proceed to describe the method in which
I prefer to conduct the process.
To produce steel by the process of cementation I make a paste by
grinding and thoroughly mixing together the above-mentioned ingre-
dients, employing from three to ten per cent. of carbonate of potash,
and with this paste I coat the pieces of iron to be converted, employing
from two to seven per cent. of the weight of the iron, according as a
steel less or more highly carbonised is required. The iron thus coated is
enclosed in an air-tight case, and the process of cementation is conducted
in the usual manner. To produce cast steel the composition is prepared
as before, except that the carbonate of potash is increased to from twenty
to twenty-four parts, and sufficient water is used to render the mixture
liquid. The pieces of iron are thoroughly coated with the composition,
using it in the same proportion to the weight of the iron as before.
The iron is then placed in crucibles or suitable melting vessels and
melted into cast steel. The theoretical explanation of the process
shewing the method in which it operates is fully described in the
Specification of my former Patent herein-before referred to, and it is
unnecessary that it should be here repeated. What I claim is, the use
of the composition substantially as-herein-before set forth in the manu-
facture of cemented and cast steel, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Victor Gallett, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of September, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
eight.