AN IMPROVED CRUSHING AND DIS- ENTEGRATING MACHINE OR MILL
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ralph Peacock, of Goole, in the County of York,
and Edward Wilson, of Rye Lane, Peckham, in the County of
Surrey, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED CRUSHING AND DIS-
ENTEGRATING MACHINE OR MILL."
Sealed the 2nd August 1870, and dated the 9th February 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ralph Peacock and
Edward Wilson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 9th February 1870.
We, RALPH PEACOCK, of Goole, in the County of York, and EDWARD
WILSON, of Rye Lane, Peckham, in the County of Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CRUSHING AND
DISENTEGRATING-MACHINE OR MILL," to be as follows:—
Our said Invention relates to a machine for crushing, disentegrating,
or grinding substances which require to be reduced from large or coarse
particles or bodies to a state of fine division.
Among the most important uses for which our said machine is adapted
are the grinding of bark and myrobolans for tanneries, breaking and

page_text: grinding ores, coal, and other mineral substances, and the production of
flour or meal from grain or seed of any kind.
We do not however limit our Invention to such uses, as it may be
applied to the breaking, grinding, and disentegrating of any substance
requiring such treatment for manufacturing purposes.
To carry our Invention into practice we enclose within a cylinder or
drum a rapidly rotating disc or plate, on one or both faces of which disc
are formed projecting pieces or breakers. The sides of the drum are
also provided with projections or breakers, so arranged that those on the
disc will pass between them as the said disc rotates, and the internal.:
periphery of the drum is serrated or formed with teeth or notches. The
disc divides the drum into two compartments, and the edge of the disc
fits very closely to the side of the toothed portion of the first com-
partment. The material to be broken, ground, or disentegrated is fed
into the first compartment of the drum through a suitable hopper, and
as it falls down it is caught by the projections on the rotating disc, and
by the rapid action thereof is dashed or thrown against the projections
and notches of the drum. This action is continued until the particles
are ground fine or small enough to pass between the edge of the disc
and the surface of the drum into the other compartment of the drum;
they are there subjected to a further beating or reducing action, and
pass away through the discharge aperture. For some purposes the
grinding or beating in the second compartment of the drum is un-
necessary. This compartment and the side of the disc therein may there-
fore be unprovided with teeth, beaters, or projections. It is necessary
that some substances should be made much more finely reduced
or ground than others. The disc is therefore made adjustable so as to
increase or diminish the width of the aperture between its edge and the
surface of the drum. To allow this object to be conveniently effected
the second compartment is mado slightly larger than the first com-
partment, and the disc is also larger than the said first compartment,
and projects over the same; the edge of the disc and surface of the
drum are slightly bevelled where they fit together. The shaft of the
disc which projects through the sides of the drum or case is supported
in adjustable bearings, and is provided with a screw and hand wheel or
other contrivance, whereby it may be moved endwise to increase or
diminish the space between the bevelled surfaces of the disc and drum.
We prefer that the machine should be provided with means for regu-

page_text: 11-3
...
lating the outlet or discharge. For this purpose we provide the discharge
aperture which is formed in the periphery of the drum or case with a
pipe or tube extended upward to a box or chamber of larger diameter
than the said pipe. The back of the disc in the second compartment of
the drum is constructed to form a fan, and causes a draught or current
of air through the aforesaid pipe and box. The latter is provided with
a check piece or stop which obstructs the passage of the current or
draught through the tube. The ground or reduced particles as they are
discharged from the drum are carried by the draught up into the box,
and coming in contact with the check piece or guard therein are thrown
back from the same. The lighter particles will then escape around the
sides of the check picco' and pass away into a receptacle provided for
that purpose, while the coarser particles fall down through another pipe
and re-enter the drum or case, where they are subjected to a further
action of the revolving beaters. The discharge pipe is provided with a
throttle valve, whereby the passage may be entirely or partially closed:
For coarse grinding this valve is entirely closed, and a door situated
below the same is opened, through which door the discharge then
takes place
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent;
filed by the said Ralph Peacock and Edward Wilson in the Great
Scal Patent Office on the 8th August 1870.
;
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, RALPH
PEACOCK, of Goole, in the County of York, and EDWARD WILSON, of
Rye Lane, Peckham, in the County of Surrey, send greeting..
-
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing, dato, tho Ninth day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-third
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors; give and
grant unto us, the said Ralph Peacock and Edward Wilson, Her special
licence that we, the said Ralph Peacock and Edward Wilson, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as wc, they said
Ralph Peacock and Edward Wilson, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
-

page_text: .
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED CRUSHING AND DIS-
ENTEGRATING MACHINE OR MILL," upon the condition (amongst others) that
we, the said Ralph Peacock and Edward Wilson, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, therefore, that I, the said Edward Wilson, for:
myself and the said Ralph Peacock, do hereby declare the nature of our
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to bo
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings forming a
part of this Specification :-
Our said Invention relates to a machine for crushing, disentegrating,
or grinding substances which require to be reduced from large or coarse
particles or bodies to a state of fine division.
Among the most important uses for which our said machine is adapted
are the grinding of bark and myrobolans for tanneries, breaking and
grinding ores, coal, and other mineral substances, and the production
of flour or meal from grain or seed of any kind.
We do not however limit our Invention to such uses, as it may be
applied to the breaking, grinding, and disentegration of any substances
requiring such treatment for manfacturing purposes.
To carry our Invention into practice we enclose within a cylinder
or drum a rapidly rotating disc or plate, on one or both faces of which
disc are formed projecting pieces or breakers. The sides of the drum
are also provided with projections or breakers so arranged that those
on the disc will pass between them on either side as the said disc
rotates, and the internal periphery of the drum is serrated or formed
with teeth or notches. The disc divides the drum into two com-
partments, and the edge of the disc fits very closely to the side of the
toothed portion of the first compartment. The material to be broken,
ground, or disentegrated is fed into the first compartment of the drum
through a suitable hopper, and as it falls down it is caught by the
projections on the rotary disc, and by the rapid action thereof is dashed

page_text: or thrown against the projections and notches of the drum. This
action is continued until the particles are ground fine or small enough
to pass between the edge of the disc and the surface of the drum into
the other compartment of the drum; they are there subjected to a
further beating or reducing action, and pass away through the discharge
aperture. For some purposes the grinding or beating in the second
compartment of the drum is unnecessary. This compartment and the
side of the disc therein may therefore be unprovided with teeth, beaters,
or projections. It is necessary that some substances should be much
more finely reduced or ground than others. The disc is therefore made
adjustable so as to increase or diminish the width of the aperture
between its edge and the surface of the drum. To allow this object to
be conveniently effected the second compartment is made slightly
larger than the first compartment, and the disc is also larger than the
said first compartment, and projects over the same the edge of the disc
and the surface of the drum are slightly bevelled where they fit together,
but this is not absolutely necessary. The shaft of the disc which
projects through the sides of the drum or case is supported in adjustable
bearings and is provided with a screw and hand wheel or other con-
trivance whereby it may he moved endwise to increase or diminish the
space between the bevelled surfaces of disc and drum.
We prefer that the machine should be provided with means for
regulating the outlet or discharge and for separating the finely reduced
particles from the coarse or unreduced particles which may be discharged
from the machine. For this purpose we provide a discharge aperture
which is formed in the periphery of the drum or case with a pipe or
tube extended upwards or in any convenient direction to a box.or
chamber of larger diameter than the said pipe or tube. The back of
the disc in the second compartment of the drum is constructed to form
a fan and causes a draft or current of air through the aforesaid tubo
and box, the latter is provided with a check valve piece or stop which
obstructs the passage of the current or draft through the tube. The
ground or reduced particles as they are discharged from the drum aro
carried by the draught up into the box, and coming in contact with
the check piece or guard therein are thrown back from the same;
the lighter particles will there escape around the sides of the check
piece and pass away into a receptacle. or revolving screen provided for
that purpose, while the coarser particles all fall down through another

page_text: pipe, and re-enter the drum or case, where they are subjected to a further
action of the revolving beaters. The discharge pipe or chamber is provided
with one or more throttle valves or shields, whereby the passage may
be entirely or partially closed, and which may be adjusted to allow the
fine particles to escape while the coarse or unground particles are returned
into the drum. For coarse grinding these valves or shields are entirely
or partially closed according to requirement, and a door situated below
the same is opened, through which door the discharge then takes place..
These valves may be applied to other machines of a like character such
as those which have a cross piece for breaking or reducing the substances.
and others.
Figure 1 is a transverse vertical central section of one of our inrproved
machines with the parts thereof constructed and arranged in what we
consider the most advantageous manner. Figure 2 is partly an elevation
and partly a longitudinal section through the front compartment on
the line x, x, Figure 1. Figure 3 is partly an elevation and partly a
longitudinal section through the back compartment on the line y, y,
Figure 1. Figure 4 is a detached view illustrating a modification of
our said Invention. Like letters indicate the same parts throughout
the Drawings.
A is the cylinder or drum, which is formed of cast iron or other
suitable metal and may be of any required size. The said cylinder is
provided with feet or flanges a whereby it is securely fixed upon a
strong bed or foundation plate B by the bolts b.. The said cylinder i
is constructed in two parts A', A³, which are well fitted together and
secured by the bolts c passed through the flanges a¹. It will be seen that
the interior peripheral surface of the drum is formed with ribs or pro-
jections a³. Inside the drum A is placed the rotating disc d, which as
herein-before specified divides the drum internally into two compartments
a, a. For convenience of construction we form each of these com-
partments in one of the two parts A1, A2, and by referring to Figure 1 it
will be clearly seen that the disc d is slightly larger in diameter than the
interior of the compartment a³, and that one edge of the periphery of
the said disc may be adjusted to run in close contact with the interior
flat surface a' on the part A' of the drum; d* is a small piece rivetted
on the disc for the purpose of clearing away any material that may

page_text: •
accumulate near the aperture between the front compartment and the
disc. The disc d has formed or fixed on it the projections or breakers d³:
The said disc is preferably formed of a thin plate of steel rivetted or
bolted upon a steel boss d³ which is keyed or otherwise made fast upon
the shaft e. The said shaft is fitted to turn freely in the bearings ƒ,ƒ';
which are supported upon the brackets 9 in such a manner that while
giving a firm support to the shaft they will slide with the shaft end wiso
on the said brackets to adjust the disc a nearer to or further from the
surface a³. This endwise adjustment of the shaft and disc is effected by
means of the screw h and hand wheel h' or by other suitable and con-
venient devices. On the part A' of the drum we form or fix the hopper i
through which the substances to be broken, reduced, or disentegrated
are fed into the compartment a³. j is the outlet or discharge chamber,
upon which is placed the pipe / extending into the box or chamber 1,
as above described. The check valve or stop in the said chamber is
preferably a concave disc m, which is attached by the bars n to a tube o,
which slides telescopically in the outlet tube 2 which communicates
with any convenient receptacle. The check valve or piece m is also
provided with a rack m', which is geared in connection with a small
pinion q, and by turning this pinion the adjustment of the valve mis
conveniently effected. The finely ground or reduced particles pass
between the bars " and escape through the pipe p into the aforesaid
receptacle, while any coarse, large, or heavy particles that have been
carried up into the chamber fall down the piper and re-enter the
drum A through the aforesaid hopper. The throttle valve or valves
whereby the discharge aperture is governed are preferably made as
shewn in the Drawings, but they may be constructed and arranged in
any convenient manner that will serve the desired purpose, that is to say,
in such a manner that they may be adjusted to such an angle as will
allow the finely reduced particles to pass out of the drum, while the
coarse or insufficiently reduced portions are caused to rebound and re-enter
the said drum to be subjected to a further action of the beaters.
When the separating box or chamber is used we place a plate / in
the position shewn in dotted lines in Figure 3. When this box is not
used the aperture at u is closed by a suitable cover or valve 2', as shewn
in Figures 2 and 3 and the aforesaid plate t is removed, the ground or
reduced particles discharged from the machine will then fall down
through the aperture into any conveniently arranged receptacle.
-

page_text: The throttle valves are provided outside the drum A with handles »¹
and notched sectors or other convenient devices for adjusting and
securing the said valves in any desired position.
Having thus fully described the said Invention I wish it understood
that on behalf of myself and the said Ralph Peacock I claim,-
First. In a discntegrating machine or mill a rapidly rotating disc
made of steel or other suitable material and provided on one or both
sides with projections or breakers for the purpose set forth.
Second. Arranging the said disc between two compartments or
chambers, one or both of which is provided with projections to act in 1
combination with the breakers on the said disc, substantially as specified
for the purpose set forth.
Third. Making the said disc adjustable with regard to the side of the
first compartment of the drum, substantially as set forth for the purpose
specified.
Fourth. One or more throttle valves or shields placed in the discharge
aperture at the periphery of the drum of the aforesaid machine, and
other machines of a like nature, substantially as set forth for the purpose
specified.
Fifth. The pipe or tube extended from the discharge aperture to a 2
box or chamber of larger diameter than the said pipe and with or without
a check piece or valve and with a pipe or tube leading back to the
drum as herein-before specified.
Sixth. A machine with the drum and rotating disc and other parts
in combination therewith constructed and arranged substantially as 2
hercin described and as shewn in the accompanying Drawings for the
purposes specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Wilson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eighth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
3
EDWARD WILSON. (L.S.)
Witness,
W. ROB. LAKE.