IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUSES FOR PROTECTING LIQUIDS FROM THE ATMC- SPHERE WHILE REMAINING IN AND DURING THEIR DISCHARGE FROM THE VESSELS CONTAINING THE SAME
Year: 1862

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to David Blair White, of the Town and County of the
Town of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Doctor of Medicine, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUSES FOR PROTECTING LIQUIDS FROM THE ATMC-
SPHERE WHILE REMAINING IN AND DURING THEIR DISCHARGE FROM THE VESSELS
CONTAINING THE SAME,"
'
Sealed the 15th August 1862, and dated the 22nd February 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Blair White at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd February 1862.
I, DAVID BLAIR WHITE, of the Town and County of the Town of Newcastle-
upon-Tyne, Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUSES FOR PROTECTING LIQUIDS FROM THE
ATMOSPHERE, WHILE REMAINING IN AND DURING THEIR DISCHARGE FROM THE VESSELS
CONTAINING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in certain arrangements of apparatuses herein-after
described for keeping liquids from contact with the atmosphere prior to and
during their discharge from vessels containing the same.
My: Invention will be best understood by reference to the accompanying
Drawings..
Figure 1 shows in vertical section one of my arrangements of-apparatus, it
consists of a double-cased vessel, or vessel with two compartments, a and b,
[Price 8d.]

page_text: shown detached at Figure 2; and of another double-cased vessel c, a detached
view of which is given at Figure 3. The vessel c fits into the compartments
a and b, as shown in Figure 1 ; & is a pipe fitted with a cock e, by which beer
or other liquid to be preserved from contact with the atmosphere is forced into
the vessel a. As liquid is forced through the pipe d into the vessel a,the inner
vessel c is made to ascend, the bottom surface of the vessel c remaining in
contact with the liquid; a stop-cock fis fitted to the vessel c for the escape of
air during the forcing in of the liquid. Figure 4 represents the inner vessel
raised; y is a draw-off cock fitted to the bottom of the vessel b; the upper
part of the outer vessel b may be fitted with packing, as shown in Figure 4.
Figure 5 shows an apparatus constructed according to another arrangement;
it consists of a vessel a, free to rise and fall within an outer vessel b; the upper
ends of each vessel are connected by some flexible material c, which expands
or contracts as the inner vessel rises or falls, stop and draw-off taps are fitted
as before. Figure 6 shows another arrangement, in which the vessel a for
containing liquid is caused to rise; it is here represented as a barrel, and is
fitted at bottom with suitable packing to make a tight joint. The barrel is
kept in a vertical position by guide rods b, b, and is fitted at top with an air
tap c; d is a hollow ram, but it may be solid within the barrel a, and over
which it is free to slide; e is a tube passing through the ram and entering the
barrel, it is fitted with a tap f. Figure 7 is a view of an arrangement some-
what similar to that last described, but the apparatus is fitted with a fixed
piston d, to which the tube e is attached. As the liquid enters above the
piston, the cylinder rises along the guides b, b, until the vessel is full, liquid is
discharged as before. The head of the piston is constructed in the following
manner: Two discs, the upper one of which is movable, are fastened to the
rod or tube e; fis an india-rubber ring; g is a wedge between the discs; when
the fermentation is active, the discs compress the ring and make it tight in the
cylinder. Figure 8 shows an apparatus with a movable piston, and from
which liquid is discharged by a syphon tube h; c is a fixed, and ka movable
stuffing box; the piston is free to rise and fall on the syphon tube / as the
liquid enters and is discharged. Figure 9 shows my Invention applied to a
drinking vessel. a is a piston pressed down by a spring b. The vessel is filled
under pressure, the liquid forcing up the piston. If the pressure is not
strong enough to overcome the spring b, I use a hook, Figure 10, which is
inserted through the cover. The spring keeps the piston in contact with
the liquid, and the piston follows it down as the liquid is drawn off. I do
not limit myself to the precise details herein-before described.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said David Blair White in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 22nd August 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DAVID
BLAIR WHITE, of the Town and County of the Town of Newcastle-upon-
Tyne, Doctor of Medicine, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said David Blair White, Her special licence that I, the said David
Blair White, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said David Blair White, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUSES FOR PROTECTING LIQUIDS FROM THE ATMOSPHERE WHILE
REMAINING IN AND DURING THEIR DISCHARGE FROM THE VESSELS CONTAINING THE
SAME," upon the condition (amongst others) that i, the said David Blair
White, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said David Blair White, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in protecting liquids from contact with the atmo-.
sphere prior to and during their discharge from the vessels containing the
same, such vessels being so arranged with the aid of impervious pistons and
liquid luting, or solid packing, or of oil, as to allow of the storing or drawing
off of such liquids, without atmospheric air coming in contact with them, and
I proceed to describe the most approved arrangement at which I have arrived
for carrying my Invention into practical effect.

page_text: Figure 1 is a sectional elevation, shewing one form of apparatus, in which
I employ two double vessels A, B, C, C, an inner or upper vessel C, C, fitting
into a lower and outer vessel A, B; the liquid to be protected is introduced,
by preference, at the bottom of the lower vessel, the base of the upper vessel
becomes a piston, and rests on the surface of the liquid, and its outer case
enters some luting fluid placed between the thicknesses A and B of the lower
vessel. A syphon tube D, for drawing off the liquid, is fitted to and passes
through the base of the inner vessel C, C, which, as the liquid is drawn off,
descends with it, and effectually excludes the air; or, the liquid may be drawn
off through a pipe and tap G, fitted to the bottom of the vessel A. An air
valve is fitted to the top of the upper vessel. His a tap for drawing off the
luting fluid when required. Instead of making both vessels double, I some-
times form the upper only double, and substitute for the fluid luting a packing
of india-rubber or other suitable material, as shewn in the sectional elevation,
Figure 2. A is the lower vessel for containing the liquid to be protected;
B, B, is the upper double-cased vessel formed with a flange C for containing
the india-rubber packing D. Apertures are made through the flanges to allow
of the passage through them of guide rods E. E. F is the syphon draw-off
pipe, and G, a pipe for filling or drawing-off the liquid from the lower part of
the vessel. It will be noticed that the liquid to be protected has risen between
the thicknesses of the double vessel B, B, and this has been effected by letting
off a portion of the air from the upper part thereof. The whole of the air may
be drawn off, and then the liquid will rise to the top of the space. In some
cases I make both vessels single, as shewn in the sectional elevation, Figure 3,
and apply holders for securing and compressing the packing against the sides
of the upper vessel. A is the vessel for containing the liquid to be protected;
B is the upper vessel; C, C, are rods, carrying at top a hoop or ring a, which
hooprests upon india-rubber packing placed in the upper edge of the vessel A;
b, b, are nuts, by turning which the ring a is made to press upon and expand
the packing against the sides of the upper vessel; D is the draw-off syphion.
Figure 4 is a sectional elevation of an arrangement where I use a vessel A,
made at top with an enlarged rim B, having an aperture C formed in it for
receiving some luting Huid: D is a cover fitted to the top of the vessel A, with
a flange E entering the aperture C and luting fluid; F is another vessel con-
taining charcoal. This vessel is placed beneath the cover D, and has a syphon
tube G connected to it, which enters the vessel A and passes through the
cover D; H is an opening in the lid, through which the syphon tube G passes.
When the syphon tube is removed, the opening is stopped by a screw or other
stopper. J is an aperture at the bottom of the vessel A, by which the liquid to

page_text: be preserved may be introduced.
The vessel F floats on the surface of the
liquid in the vessel A, and a small quantity of olive or other suitable oil is poured
in to fill the annular space between the vessels.A and F. When the liquid is
required to stand and be preserved for any length of time in the vessel A, the
screw stopper is inserted in the lid, but when it is to be drawn off, the stopper
is removed, and the syphon tube G is inserted. As the liquid is drawn off,
the inner vessel F descends with the syphon tube G, the oil remaining on the
surface of the liquid, and thus contact with the atmosphere is wholly pre-
vented; the charcoal tends to prevent the oil becoming rancid. In this
arrangement also, instead of the sealing of oil, packing may be fixed in the
sides of the vessel F, and the air thus excluded from the liquid. Figure 5 is
a sectional elevation of an apparatus in which a tap G is used instead of a
syphon.for drawing ff the liquid from the vessel A; B is a rod outside the
vessel A, in communication with an air tap C at top. The drawing-off tap G
and air tap C work together, so that on turning to draw off, air is admitted
into the inner vessel F. Instead too of the lid being kept air-tight as in the
previous arrangement by luting fluid, an india-rubber band H is substituted,
which passes round the cover D and the vessel A. Figure 6 shews an arrange-
ment in which the lid D) is dispensed with. Fis a piston which descends with
the liquid as it is drawn off by the tap J, at the bottom of the vessel A. Oil
is poured in to fill the annular space between the piston and the vessel, or the
piston may be packed. Figure 7 shews in sectional elevation an apparatus
for preserving dregs of wine and other liquids from the action of the atmo-
sphere which require to be often poured into a receptacle, the contents of
which have been hitherto exposed each time it is open to the action of the
atmosphere. A is a vessel with a tap B at bottom and a stoppered opening C
at top. Oil D is placed on the surface of the liquid, and to pour liquid into
the vessel, a glass funnel E, with a long stem, is inserted into the neck of the
vessel A, and the liquid thereby carried beneath the oil. When the vessel is
made of non-transparent material, a gauge tube F is fitted to the tap B,
whereby the height of liquid in the vessel is ascertained. The vessel itself
may be placed on a stand G. Figure 8 shows in sectional elevation an appa-
ratus in which the liquid instead of being drawn off by a tap at bottom,
as before, is removed by a syphon tube B, which passes through the
stopper C. This stopper is formed with an aperture E by which the liquid
is poured into the vessel; in other respects the construction and action.
are similar to that last described.
The employment of a syphon in manner herein-before described is of great
practical value in drawing off liquids which deposit a crust or sediment, as

page_text: from the liquid being drawn off from the surface the crust or sediment is
not disturbed. The syphon may be made to act by suction in the ordinary
manner of setting syphons to work.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as my
"Improvements in Apparatuses for Protecting Liquids from the Atmosphere
while remaining in and during their Discharge from the Vessels containing
the same,"
First, the employment in vessels for containing the liquids to be protected
of impervious diaphragms or pistons, liquid lating, solid packing, or oil,
substantially as herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings.
Second, the employment in combination with solid pistons or diaphragms
of a syphon, whereby the liquid to be protected may be drawn off from
the upper surface, as herein-before described.
And, third, the particular construction, arrangement, and action of the
several apparatuses herein-before described and represented in the accom-
panying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said David Blair White, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of August, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-two.
D. B. WHITE. (L.S.)