IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR KNEADING AND MIXING VARIOUS SUBSTANCES OR MATERIALS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Paul Pfleiderer, of Norwood, in the County of
Surrey, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES
FOR KNEADING AND MIXING VARIOUS SUBSTANCES OR MATERIALS."-A com-
munication from abroad by Paul Freyburger, of Stuttgart, in the
F
Sealed the 21st January 1876, and dated the 26th November 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Paul Pfleiderer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th November 1875.
I, PAUL PFLEIDERER, of Norwood, in the County of Surrey, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "ImprovEMENTS
IN MACHINES FOR KNEADING AND MIXING VARIOUS SUBSTANCES OR MATERIALS,"
(being a communication to me from abroad by Paul Freyburger, of
Stuttgart, in the Empire of Germany, Engineer,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the combination of a trough having its
bottom formed in the manner herein-after stated, with two elliptical

page_text: discs or blades placed obliquely in relation to their axes, revolving in
the said trough over concave surfaces formed in the bottom of the
trough, and corresponding in their curvature with the path described by
the said revolving discs or blades, which are caused to operate as
kneading shovels or mixers on the material supplied to the trough.
The discs or blades are fixed obliquely on the ends of shafts extending
through one of the walls or sides of the trough, and driven as required
by toothed gear or other suitable means arranged outside the trough.
These elliptical discs or blades by revolving have their cutting or
dividing edges and their flat or dished squeezing surfaces caused to
approach and recede and move over each other in such a manner as to
cut, divide, disintegrate, stir, mix, throw, squeeze, and knead the
material dropped on to them from the open top of the trough.
The said discs or blades can be driven at any required speed, and
varied in their relative speeds in order to suit the nature of the material
intended to be operated upon; this can be effected by adapting the
driving gear as required.
The wall or side of the trough opposite to that through which the
axles of the discs or blades are passed is made so as to be removable in
order to withdraw the finished material from the trough, and any
suitable cocks and pipes or outlets can be applied to the trough for that
purpose.
Also, if required, provision may be made by jacketting or otherwise
for applying heat to the trough or withdrawing it therefrom.
The machine above referred to can be used for kneading, mixing,
stirring, disintegrating, and beating dough or other materials and
ingredients.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in
the thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
¡ successors, give and grant unto me, the said Paul Pfleiderer, Her
special licence that I, the said Paul Pfleiderer, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Paul Pfleiderer,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and. Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR KNEADING AND MIXING VARIOUS SUBSTANCES
OR MATERIALS," being a communication to me from abroad by Paul
Freyburger, of Stuttgart, in the Empire of Germany, Engineer,
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Paul Pfleiderer,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Paul Pfleiderer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings here-
unto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to
say) :-
This Invention of "Improvements in Machines for Kneading and
Mixing various Substances or Materials" consists in the combination of
a trough having its bottom formed in two half cylinders with two
elliptical discs or blades placed obliquely in relation to their axes,
revolving in the said trough and describing by their outer edges two
parallel cylinders corresponding with the two half cylinders of which
the bottom of the trough consists, which revolving discs or blades are
caused to operate as kneading shovels or mixers on the material supplied
to the trough.

page_text: Fig. 1 is a vertical section, and Fig. 2 a horizontal section of the
machine, one of the discs or blades being shown in plan or as not
intersected.
A is the trough, the bottom of which is shown as formed in two half
cylinders corresponding with the path described by the discs or blades
in their revolution, and the top of which is open in order to receive the
material to be operated upon. B and C are the discs or blades, which
are fixed obliquely on the ends of shafts D and E extending through one 3

page_text: of the walls or sides F of the trough, and driven as required by toothed
gear G, H, or other suitable means arranged outside the trough, or by
a handle applied to the shaft D. These elliptical blades or discs B and
C by revolving have their flat or dished and sometimes perforated
squeezing surfaces and their cutting and dividing edges caused to
approach and recede or move over each other in such a manner as to
cut, divide, disintegrate, stir, mix, throw, squeeze, and knead the
material dropped on to them from the open top of the trough.
The discs or blades B and C can be driven at any required speed, and
varied in their relative speeds in order to suit the nature of the material
intended to be operated upon; this can be effected by adapting the
driving gear as required.
The wall or side of the trough opposite to that through which the
axles of the discs or blades B and C are passed is made so as to be
removable in order to admit of the finished material being withdrawn
from the trough as required. These discs, blades, or shovels B and C
are also in most cases fitted to their axles, in such a manner that they
can be removed therefrom with facility in order to be cleaned as
required.
Suitable cocks and pipes or outlets can be applied to the trough for
the purpose of withdrawing finished material therefrom.
The machine above described can be used for kneading, mixing,
disintegrating, and beating dough or other materials and ingredients.
The Drawing represents the machine in the simplest form adapted
only for such small sizes as do not require powerful driving gear.
For larger sizes more powerful driving gear is required, for which
purpose in some cases worm wheels and worms may be applied instead
spur wheels and pinions.
of
In some cases also the front or movable cover is or may be con-
structed differently from the mode represented in the Drawing; for
instance, simple double doors furnished with hinges similar to fire-doors
may be used for the purpose.
In order to operate on more sticky materials it will be useful to
apply a sort of knife or scraper as at I, I, (Fig. 2) fixed to the ends of
the revolving blades or shovels, so as thereby to scrape off any material

page_text: that may happen to adhere to the side walls of the trough, and by such
means to provide for the proper kneading, mixing, and other requisite
action on this portion of the material under operation.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, com-
municated to me from abroad as aforesaid, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I hereby declare that what I claim as of the
said Invention is, the combination of a trough A having a bottom
formed as described with two elliptical discs, blades, or shovels B and C
fitting and acting substantially in the manner described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Paul Pfleiderer, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Twenty-fourth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
Witness,
WILLIAM SPENCE,
8, Quality Court,
Chancery Lane.
PAUL PFLEIDERER. (L.S.)