Improvements in Machines for Forging Bolts and the like.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Oct., 1893-Accepted, 11th Nov., 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Forging Bolts and the like.
I, EDWARD HOLLINGWORTH, of Dobcross Loom Works, Drobcross, in the
County of York, Power Loom Maker, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement (which invention has
been communicated to me by George H. Webb, of Pawtucket, in the County of
Providence, and State of Rhode Island, America, Machine Maker):-
My invention relates to machines for forging bolts, etc. Heretofore in machines
for forging bolts, etc., in which the bar or blank to be operated upon, is gripped
between jaws carrying dies, to be held for the upsetting dies to form the head, and
in which the gripping jaws and dies have a traverse movement towards and away
from each other to grip and release the blank, the operator has been obliged to use
his own power to open and close the gripping jaws every time a blank is inserted,
and removed.
The opening and closing of the gripping jaws and dies has heretofore been done
by working a lever, which is directly connected, through intervening mechanism
with the gripping jaws. The movement of the lever in one direction, operated by
the attendant, communicates a motion through the intervening connections to the
gripping jaws, and causes the gripping jaws and dies to close and grip the blank to
be headed, and the movement of the lever in the opposite direction, causes the
gripping jaws and dies to be opened and release the headed blank, so that the same
may be removed, and another blank inserted.
The power required to open and close the gripping jaws and dies must be applied
by the attendant in operating the lever, and some additional power must be applied
to overcome the friction and move the parts intervening between the lever and
gripping jaws.
It has been found in practice, that the constant working of the lever by the
attendant, requiring sufficient power, directly applied by the attendant, to open and
close the gripping jaws and dies, is too severe for the ordinary attendant, and he
cannot endure the hardship of working the lever, and running the machine for the
ordinary working hours of a day, and this is particularly true in case of large bolt
forging machines, where considerable power is required to work the lever, to open
and close the gripping jaws and dies.
It will be understood, that in addition to working the lever which opens and
closes the gripping jaws and dies, the attendant must also operate with the same
hand the lever which starts and stops the machine, and with his other hand he must
insert and remove the blanks, or bars to be forged.
In operating the lever which opens and closes the gripping jaws and dies, it
must be moved far enough, after the blank is inserted between the gripping dies, to
cause the dies to properly grip the blank and prevent them from opening during
the operation of the forging mechanism, and after the forging operation the metal
having been compressed, tends to set and hold the gripping dies and requires the
application of extra power to open them and release the headed blank.
The object of my invention is to do away with the necessity of the attendant
operating the lever to open and close the gripping jaws and dies by power applied
directly to said lever by the attendant, and to open and close the gripping jaws and
dies by power, independent of the power required to work said lever, and pre-
ferably by a sudden blow or jar communicated to said gripping jaws and dies to
start them, instead of a steady movement; the power to be applied preferably by
the use of a hand lever operated by the attendant, and corresponding to the lever
now employed for opening and closing the gripping jaws and dies.

page_text: The power used for opening and closing the gripping jaws and dies may be
steam power, water power, compressed air, electricity, belt power, etc., and the
mechanism for applying the power may be of any ordinary and well known
construction, combined with any of the ordinary and well known machines now in
general use for forging bolts, etc.
This invention consists in combining with a machine for forging bolts, etc., means
for opening and closing the gripping jaws and dies by power, applied independently
of the power applied by the attendant; and said power acting to open and close
the gripping jaws and dies by a sudden blow or jar communicated thereto as will
be hereinafter described.
I have shewn in the drawings sufficient portions of a machine for forging bolts,
etc., of well known construction and operation, with my invention combined
therewith, to enable those skilled in the art to which my invention belongs, to
understand the application of the same.
Referring to the drawings
Fig. 1 is a side view, looking in the direction of arrow a, Fig. 2, of a portion of
a machine for forging bolts, etc., with my invention applied thereto.
Fig. 2 is an end view, looking in the direction of arrow b, Fig. 1, with portions
of the machine shewn in Fig. 1 broken away, for a more clear illustration of the
parts; the gripping jaws and dies are shown closed.
Fig. 3 corresponds to Fig. 1, but shews the opposite position of the mechanism
for operating the gripping jaws and dies.
Fig. 4 is an end view corresponding to Fig. 2, and looking in the direction of
arrow c, Fig. 3, the gripping jaws and dies are shewn open.
Fig. 5 corresponds to Fig. 1, but shews a modified construction of the mechanism
for operating the gripping jaws and dies.
Fig. 6 is an end view, looking in the direction of arrow d, Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 shews the opposite position of the mechanism for operating the gripping
jaws and dies shewn in Fig. 5, and,
Fig. 8 is an end view looking in the direction of arrow e, Fig. 7.
In the accompanying drawings, 1 is the frame of the machine, in the upper
portion of which are secured two studs 2, on the outer ends of which are mounted
the blocks 3 upon which are secured the yoke or straps 4' of the gripping jaws 4;
adjusting screws 5 are tapped through the upper side of the yoke 4¹ with their
lower ends bearing on the upper surface of the blocks 3. The screws 5 serve to
secure the yokes 4¹ of the gripping jaws 4 to the blocks 3, and also provide for the
vertical adjustment of said jaws.
In the lower ends of the gripping jaws are supported the gripping dies 6,
provided with circular indents 6¹ therein to receive the blank or bar 32 to be
forged; said dies 6 are retained in place in the gripping jaws, in this instance by
clamping screws 7 tapped through ears 4" on the gripping jaws 4, with their
heads bearing on the top surface of the gripping dies 6.
The gripping jaws 4, carrying the gripping dies 6, are swung on their pivots to
close and open, and grip and release the blank or bar to be forged, in this instance
through a toggle joint, consisting of a link 8, and a vertical moving slide 9,
supported and adapted to have a vertical reciprocating motion in ways formed on
the standards 10 secured to, or made integral with the frame 1.
The slides 9 are operated by vertical moving rods 11, having their bearing in
the frame 1, and attached at their upper ends to the slides 9, in this instance by
extending through said slides, which rest on a collar 12 on said rods, and are
secured thereto by a nut 13. The rods 11 are attached at their lower ends, through
links 14, to the arms 15 fast on the rock shaft 16, mounted in bearings in the lower
portion of the frame.
The rock shaft 16 has hitherto been operated by a lever attached thereto, which
lever was moved back and forth by the attendant, to close and open the gripping
jaws and dies, through the intervening mechanism.
In the present invention, the lever operated by the attendant, is not attached to

page_text: the shaft 16, but said shaft is operated to close and open the gripping jaws and dies
through the intervening mechanism, by power applied independently of the power
applied by the attendant to move the lever which controls said power.
In Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 I have shewn the operating lever 17 secured at one end on
the rock shaft 16, and connected at its other end by a link 18 with the piston
rod 19, of a steam, water, or compressed air cylinder 20.
The link 18 has a slot 18' in its lower end which is connected with the upper end
of the piston rod 19 by a pin 19'. The object of the slot 18' is to cause the
piston 19, at the beginning of its stroke, to give a sudden blow or jar, which is
communicated through the intervening mechanism, to the gripping jaws and dies,
to start to open and close them, by a sudden blow or jar, instead of a steady
movement.
I have found in practice, that the gripping jaws and dies are apt to become set,
by the upsetting or heading of the bolt, and that a sudden blow or jar communi-
cated to them at the beginning of the operation of their opening and closing is a
great advantage, as a sudden blow acts to start them, and to open and close them
more quickly, and with less power than a steady movement.
The cylinder 20, and operating valve mechanism may be of any ordinary
construction and operation.
I have shewn in the drawings the cylinder 20 placed on the floor at the rear
right hand side of the machine, and provided with guides 21 on the top thereof, for
the cross head 22 of the piston rod 19.
The piston 1911 is acted on by steam, water, or compressed air passing through
the supply pipe 24, and controlled by the valve 25, of any ordinary construction, as
shewn in Fig. 1; 26 being the exhaust pipe.
The valve stem 27 is attached at its upper end to an arm 28 fast on a spindle 29,
which has its bearings in a hub 30 on the frame 1. The lower end of the hand
lever 31 is also fast on said spindle 29, and said hand lever 31 is moved back and
forth by the attendant to operate the valve, and cause the steam, water, or
compressed air to act on the piston 19", which operates the lever 17, and through
the intervening mechanism, closes and opens the gripping jaws and dies.
I have shewn in Figs. 5, 6, 7, and 8 a modified construction of the mechanism
for operating the vertical moving rods 11 and slides 9, which open and close the
gripping jaws. In said modified construction, a cam slide 33 is interposed between
The cam
the arm 15 fast on the rock shaft 16 and the vertical moving rod 11.
slides 33 are supported and move in ways on a plate 34, adjustably secured to the
outside of the frame 1 by means of bolts 35, extending through slots 34' in said
plate at each end thereof; said plate 34 is adapted to be adjusted vertically on
the frame 1, by means of adjusting screws 36 screwed into hubs 37 above and below
the plate 34, with their heads adapted to bear on the edges of the plate, as shewn,
in Figs. 5 and 8.
The slides 33 have a cam groove 33' therein, adapted to receive a roll loosely.
held on a stud 38, secured in the lower end of the vertically moving rods 11,
and the lower ends of said rods 11 may have a bearing in the hubs 39 on
the frame.
The cam slides 33 also have a pin 40 secured to the rein, which extends into the
slotted end of the arm 18 fast on the shaft 16.
The moving of the rock shaft 16, through the arms 15, causes the cam slides 33
to move, and raise and lower the rods 11, through the stud 38 travelling in the
cam groove 33¹ in said slides. When the stud is in the lower straight portion of
the cam groove 331, as shewn in Fig. 5, the gripping jaws 4 and dies 6 will be
closed, and will be locked or held in their closed position as shewn in Fig. 6; and
when the stud 38 is in the upper straight portion of the cam groove 33¹, the jaws 4
and dies 6 will be opened and held opened, as shewn in Fig. 4.
The particular object of the cam slides 33 are to hold the gripping jaws and dies
closed, after the operating lever has been moved to close the jaws, so as to prevent

page_text: the opening of the jaws, during the operation of the forging dies, in case the
operating lever has not been moved quite far enough.
The cam slides 33 are designed to be used where the power, which operates the
lever to rock the shaft 16, is shut off after it has operated the lever, as in the case
of electricity used as a power.
In the case of steam, water, or compressed air, used as the power to operate the
lever to rock the shaft 16, it would not be necessary to shut off said power, and
therefore said power itself would act to keep the gripping jaws and dies closed,
during the forging operation, and the cam slides 33 would not be required.
The operation of the mechanism above described will be readily understood
by those skilled in the art, from the above description in connection with the
drawings.
Supposing the gripping jaws and dies to be closed, as shewn in Fig. 2, the
operating lever 17, the piston 1911, and piston rod 19 will be in the position shewn
in Fig. 1, with the hand lever 31 moved in towards the machine; after the forging
dies have operated on the bar 32, the attendant grasps the lever 31, and draws it
back into the position, shewn in Fig. 3 operating the valve 25, and causing the
piston to be moved down in the cylinder 20, and the operating lever 17 to rock
the shaft 16 and move the rods 11 and slides 9 to open the gripping jaws 4 and
dies 6, as shewn in Fig. 4.
The attendant not being required to use his strength to open and close the
gripping jaws and dies, can do a great deal more work during a working day on
the machine, and can turn out a much greater product than has been possible
heretofore on machines in which the attendant has been obliged to work the lever
for operating the mechanism which opens and closes the gripping jaws and dies.
And further, boys and even girls can run the heaviest machine for forging bolts, etc.,
provided with this additional power.
It will thus be seen, that the attendant has only to move the lever 31, for
actuating the valve controlling the power that operates the lever 17, and through
intervening mechanism closes and opens the gripping jaws and dies, and that the
power required to close and open the gripping jaws and dies is applied independently
of the power applied by the attendant to move the lever 31.
A second hand lever, not shewn, extends alongside of the hand lever 31, and is
moved by the attendant to start and stop the machinery which operates the forging
dies, the operation of which is independent of the operation of the gripping jaws
and dies.
It will be understood, that in carrying out my invention I do not limit myself to
any particular machine for forging bolts, etc., nor the particular means shewn and
described for applying the power to operate the gripping jaws and dies, as any
other well known meaus may be employed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
Firstly. In a machine for forging bolts, etc., the combination with gripping jaws
and dies, of mechanism for opening and closing said gripping jaws and dies, and
communicating a sudden blow or jar to the same, to start them in the operation of
opening and closing, such said mechanism being operated by power controlled by a
lever operated by the attendant, the said power being independent of the power
applied by the attendant in working said lever, for the purpose stated, substantially
as set forth.
Secondly. In a machine for forging bolts, etc., the combination with movable
gripping jaws and dies, for holding the bolt to be forged, arranged upon opposite
sides of said bolt, and both gripping jaws and dies adapted to be moved towards
and away from the bolt, of mechanism for operating said gripping jaws and dies,
and communicating a sudden blow or jar to the same, to start them in the operation

page_text: of opening and closing, said mechanism operated by power, for the purpose stated,
and substantially as set forth.
Thirdly. In a machine for forging bolts, etc., the combination with the gripping
jaws and dies, of mechanism for operating said gripping jaws and dies, consisting of
vertical moving slides, connected with said gripping jaws, vertical moving rods,
and a rocking shaft operated by power controlled by a lever moved by the attendant,
substantially as set forth.
Fourthly. In a machine for forging bolts, etc., the combination with the gripping
jaws and dies, of mechanism for operating said gripping jaws and dies, consisting of
vertical moving slides connected with said gripping jaws, vertical moving rods, and
a rocking shaft operated by a lever, and a link connected with said operating lever,
having a slot therein which is connected with the cross head of the piston rod, for
the purpose stated, substantially as set forth.
Fifthly. In a machine for forging bolts, etc., the combination with gripping jaws
and dies, of mechanism for opening and closing said gripping jaws and dies, operated
by power, said mechanism having a cam slide, for the purpose stated, to which
power is applied, and the vertical moving rods which act to open and close the
gripping jaws and dies, substantially as set forth.
Sixthly. In a machine for forging bolts, etc., the combination with gripping jaws
and dies, of mechanism for opening and closing said gripping jaws and dies, operated
by power, said mechanism having a cam slide to which power is applied, and the
vertical moving rods which open and close the gripping jaws and dies, said slide
mounted in ways adjustably secured to the frame of the machine, and provided
with a cam groove in which a stud or roll on the vertical moving rods travels, for
the purpose stated, substantially as shewn and described.
Dated this 4th day of October 1893.
TASKER & CROSSLEY,
Huddersfield, Agents.