AN IMPROVED METHOD OF COMBINING WROUGHT IRON AND CAST IRON, WHICH METHOD IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE COMBINATION OF OTHER WROUGHT
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Abraham Chalk and William Chalk, both of.
Rawtenstall, in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF COMBINING WROUGHT IRON AND CAST IRON,
WHICH METHOD IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE COMBINATION OF OTHER WROUGHT
A
Sealed the 14th September 1875, and dated the 29th April 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Abraham. Chalk
and William Chalk at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 29th April 1875.
We, ABRAHAM CHALK and WILLIAM CHALK, both of Rawtenstall,
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF COMBINING WROUGHT IRON AND CAST
IRON, WHICH METHOD IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE COMBINATION OF OTHER WROUGHT
AND CAST METALS," to be as follows:-
:-
Our Invention relates principally to a method or process of combining

page_text: cast iron with wrought iron in such a manner that a perfect union,
fusing, or welding of the metals takes place, and they become one solid
homogeneous mass.
The Invention is designed chiefly for the purpose of uniting a cast-
iron sleeve or boss on to a wrought-iron shaft or axle, but it will be
evident that the same method or process is equally applicable in any
case where it is desired to unite cast iron or other metal in a state of
fusion with wrought iron or other metal.
(one for
In uniting a cast-iron sleeve or boss with a wrought-iron shaft or
axle, for example, we form a mould of two metal "chills "
each half of the circumference), forming in each end of each "chill"
a semi-cylindrical recess, so that when the two are placed together
the shaft or axle can be laid therein so as to form a
CE core through
the centre.
"
"3
The metal for casting being in a molten state ready for pouring,
we place the wrought-iron shaft in a furnace and bring it to a welding
heat, that is, nearly to a state of fusion. We then place this in the
mould or "chill
as. a core and immediately pour in the molten
metal, and the result is that the two metals being both at or near a
state of fusion become perfectly united, fused, or welded into one
mass, and will ring upon being struck as perfectly as if originally formed
in one piece.
It will be evident that ordinary sand moulds may be used instead of
metal chills if preferred, and that the details of the process will have
to be varied to suit the nature and form of the work to be performed,
but the chief feature of the Invention will always remain the same, that
is, bringing the wrought metal to a welding heat or nearly so, then
laying it in the mould or chill, and immediately pouring in the cast
metal in a molten state, whereby the two become perfectly united or
fused into one.

page_text: filed by the said Abraham Chalk and William Chalk in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 29th October 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, ABRAHAM
CHALK and WILLIAM CHALK, both of Rawtenstall, in the County of
Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Abraham Chalk and William Chalk,
Her special license that we, the said Abraham Chalk and William
Chalk, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,
the said Abraham Chalk and William Chalk, our executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term thercin
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF
COMBINING WROUGHT AND CAST IRON, WHICH METHOD IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE
COMBINATION OF OTHER WROUGHT AND CAST METALS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Abraham Chalk and William Chalk,
our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our,
or one of our or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Chalk (on behalf of myself
and the said Abraham Chalk), do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment (that is to say) :
Our Invention relates principally to a method or process of combining
cast iron with wrought iron, in such a manner that a perfect union,

page_text: fusion, or welding of the metals takes place, and they become one solid
homogeneous mass.
The Invention is designed chiefly for the purpose of uniting a cast-
iron sleeve or boss on to a wrought-iron shaft or axle, but it will be
evident that the same method or process is equally applicable in any
case where it is desired to unite cast iron or other metal in a state of
fusion with wrought iron or other metal. :
دو
In uniting a cast-iron sleeve or boss with a wrought-iron shaft or
axle, for example, we form a mould of two metal "chills" (one for each
half of the circumference), forming in each end of each "chill
cylindrical recess, so that when the two are placed together the shaft or
axle can be laid therein so as to form a "core" through thec entre.
a semi-
The metal for casting being in a molten state ready for pouring, we
place the wrought-iron shaft in a furnace and bring it to a welding heat,
that is, nearly to. a state of fusion. We then place this in the mould or
"chill"
66
as a core," and immediately pour in the molten metal, and the
result is that the two metals being both at or near a state of fusion
become perfectly united, fused, or welded into one mass, and will ring
upon being struck as perfectly as if originally formed in one piece.
We may here remark that it is not in all cases necessary to bring the
wrought iron to a welding heat, but it is sufficient in some cases to heat
the wrought-iron shaft or core to a bright cherry red heat.
It will also be evident that ordinary sand moulds may be used instead
of metal chills if preferred, and that the details of the process will have
to be varied to suit the nature and form of the work to be performed,
but the chief feature of the Invention will always remain the same,
that is, bringing the wrought metal to a welding heat or nearly so, then
laying it in the mould or chill, and immediately pouring in the cast
metal in a molten state, whereby the two become perfectly united or
fused into one.
.
Having now described the naturo and "object of our said Invention,
together with the manner in which the same is to be or may be
performed or carried into practical effect, we wish it to be understood
that we claim as our Invention, combining wrought and cast iron or
other wrought and cast metals, by first heating the wrought metal to a 3
degree of heat ranging from a bright cherry red to a welding heat; then

page_text: placing the wrought metal in this state in the mould or chill previously
prepared, and then immediately pouring in the cast metal in a molten
state, substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Chalk (on behalf of myself
and the said Abraham Chalk), have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty-seventh day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
WILLIAM CHALK. (L.S.)