Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 6th June, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 6th Mar., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 6th June, 1889
I, WILLIAM JOHN RILEY, of Highgate Kendal, in the County of Westmoreland,
Commercial Clerk do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows -
This Invention relates to improvements in incubators and it has for object to obtain
greater uniformity of heat in every part of the egg chamber than is obtained in
ordinary incubators, great economy in heating, and more perfect ventilation; also to
facilitate the turning and testing of the eggs without materially lowering the heat
within the chamber In my improved incubator the source of heat may be either an
oil or a gas lamp placed under the centre of the egg chamber, the heat and fumes from
which I direct by a vertical tube into horizontal pipes above the egg-tray, ort ays,
within the egg chamber, these pipes preferably radiating from the vertical tube to a
horizontal circular pipe, giving to the heater the appearance of a wheel with hollow
spokes and rim; and by conducting pipes from the rim of the wheel through the
the casing of the egg-chamber I thus pass entirely away all products of combustion,-
carbonic acid gass-so hurtful to life I may, however, radiate pipes from the centre
in any convenient way so as to extend over a large area above the eggs. Every portion
of heat given by the lamp will in this way enter the vertical tube and wheel
enclosed within the egg-chamber, before being allowed to pass away.
The top of my egg chamber will have no opening, or openings, excepting such as are
controlled by a heat regulator, and therefore the heat from my improved heater must
come down over the eggs before it can escape by ventilation pipes or holes which I
provide in the bottom of the chamber, or at the side beneath the egg tray or travs.
I surround the vertical tube leading from the source of heat to the heater, by an
outer casing through which fresh air will be drawn into the chamber; this fresh air
will be heated in its passage to the chamber by contact with the heater tube, and
entering the chamber above the eggs will mingle with heat thrown out by the wheel
and then pass out by the ventilating pipes or holes beneath, and 1 thus provide a
continuous current of warm ventilating air within the egg chamber.
method the vertical tube will be continually surrounded by air entering the chamber,
thus making the centre even more cool than any other part.
By this

page_text: To obtain the moisture requisite for incubation I place a shallow tray of water in
any convenient way beneath the heating wheel
I may regulate the heat either by automatically operating a valve, or valves, opening
and closing a tube, or tubes, passing from the heater to the outside of the egg chamber,
or by automatically actuating the lamp burner, or the gas cock, and thus increasing
or lessening the flame of the lamp.
I now prefer to operate the escape valve, or valves, by the action of hot air upon
mercury causing it to move round a coil mounted on a grooved pulley wheel, thereby
winding or unwinding a cord over a small wheel and raising or lowering the valve; or the
movement of the mercury round the coil may actuate a crank pressing a lever operating
the lamp burner, or the gas tap, and thereby reducing the flame, the lever and ciank
being balanced by a weight at the end of the lever so that if the temperature falls
below, say 104 degrees, this weighted end lowers and by so doing enlarges the flame, for
example, I may place upon the burner a collar or ferrule connected with the said
weighted lever and operating a pair of jaws, or extinguishers, opening or closing the
same over the flame accordingly as the lever rises or lowers under the action of the
mercury
The lever may be regulated by a screw taking into holes in the crank, or
otherwise.
Although I now give preference to the regulator above described 1 may use any
regulator which I may find more suitable for my purpose.
I make the bottom of my egg chamber to lower by means of weights and pullies,
or otherwise, so that the eggs may be turned or tested without any appreciable loss of
heat, such as in the case when the top of the chamber is opened for this purpose,
this arrangement of movable bottom also- permits the eggs to be brought nearer to,
or further from, the heating wheel or pipes, as may be desired
According to a modification of this plan I may cause the chamber and all it con-
tains to raise by means of weights aud pullies, leaving the egg tray or bottom
stationary.
I may make my heating tubes of metal or other suitable material and use any
desired material in the construction of the other various parts of my incubator,
which I may support on four legs, or in any convenient way
Todd L
1
1009

page_text: I, WILLIAM JOHN RILEY of Highgate Kendal in the County of Westmoreland
Commercial Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement.
This Invention relates to improvements in incubators and it has for object to obtain
greater uniformity of heat in every part of the egg chamber than is obtained in
ordinary incubators, great economy in heating, and more perfect ventilation; also
to facilitate the turning and testing of the eggs without materially lowering the heat
within the chamber.
On the accompanying Drawings
-
Fig. 1 Is a cross section through an Incubator embodying my invention.
Fig. 2. Is a similar view illustrating a modification of same.
Fig. 3. Is a perspective view of the heating wheel.
Fig. 4. Is a plan of same.
Fig. 5. Illustrates the method of automatically opening and closing the valves.
Fig. 6. Illustrates the method of regulating the flame.
Fig. 7. Is a plan of the top of Incubator shewing position of outlets.
Fig. 8. Is an elevation of my apparatus showing the egg tray closed up and
Fig. 9. Is a similar view but with egg tray drawn down.
Similar letters of reference indicate similar parts in each of the figures respectively.
A. Being the Lamp, a is the burner of same.
B. The Egg Chamber.
C. The Vertical tube of heater.
D. The horizontal pipes of same.
E. The horizontal circular tube forming with pipes D the heating wheel
F. Egg tray-f ventilating openings.
G. Conducting pipes for escape of products of combustion by openings in top
plate of Incubator. g₁ screw for fixing same.
H. The Outer Casing around vertical tube.
I. The Water tray
K. Is the Coil containing air and mercury for automatically opening and closing
valve M, or operating extinguisher NR.
L. Cord for raising or lowering Valve M or operating regulator or extinguisher R.
M Valve covering top of vertical tube C.
N. Weighted end of lamp extinguisher.
O. Lever operating extinguisher on burner a, or valve M.
P. Weight at end of lever O.
Q. Collar or ferrule to which extinguisher is attached upon burner a.
q. Inner part of burner.

page_text: R. Extinguisher.
S. Weights and pulleys for operating the raising and lowering of egg chamber B.
or egg tray F.
T. Regulating weight.
In my improved incubator the source of heat may be either an oil or a gas lamp A
placed under the centre of the egg chamber B, the heat and fumes from which I direct
by a vertical tubo Cinto horizontal pipes D above the egg tray, or trays F
within the egg chamber B, these pipes preferably radiating from the vertical tube to a
horizontal circular pipe E, giving to the heater the appearance of a wheel with hollow
spokes and rim (see Figs. 3 and 4); and by conducting pipes G from the rim of the
wheel through the casing of the egg chamber by the openings 9 (see Fig. 7) I thus
pass entirely away all products of combustion, carbonic acid gas, so hurtful to life. I
may, however, radiate pipes from the centre in any convenient way so as to extend
over a large area, above the eggs. Every portion of heat given by the lamp will in
this way enter the vertical tube and wheel enclosed within the egg chamber, before
being allowed to pass away.
The top of my egg chamber will have no opening, or openings, excepting such as
are controlled by a heat regulator, and therefore the heat from my improved heater
must come down over the eggs before it can escape by ventilation pipes or holes f
which provide in the bottom of the chamber, or at the side beneath the egg tray
or trays.
1 surround the vertical tube leading from the source of heat to the heater by an
outer casing H through which fresh air will be drawn into the chamber B; this fresh
air will be heated in its passage to the chamber by contact with the heater tube C,
and entering the chamber above the eggs will mingle with heat thrown out by the
wheel D. E and then pass out by the veutilating pipes on holes f beneath, and I thus
provide a continuous current of warm ventilating air within the egg chamber. By
this method the vertical tube C will be continually surrounded by air entering the
chamber, thus making the centre even more cool than any other part
To obtain the moisture requisite for incubation I place a shallow tray of water I
in any convenient way beneath the heating wheel.
I may regulate the heat either by automatically operating a valve, or valves,
opening and closing a tube, or tubes, passing from the heater to the outside of the
egg chamber, or by automatically actuating the lamp burner, or the gas cock, and
thus increasing or lessing the flame of the lamp.
I now prefer to operate the escape valve, or valves, by the action of hot air upon
mercury (see Figs. 5 and 6) causing it to move round a coil K mounted on pivots
thereby raising or lowering a lever O connected with the valve M by the cord or
chain L; or the lever, the position of the coil being reversed, may operate an extinguisher,
or the gas tap, and thereby control the flame. The lever O is balanced by a weight P.
Thus, when the temperature rises to say 104 degrees the valve M is lifted to, pass
off the heat, or in the other caso the extinguisher is put over the flame. The
oxtinguisher R with its weighted end N is pivoted to a collar Q which encircles the
inner part of the burner of the lamp a. When the heat falls a little the contraction
of the air on the mercury, operating the lever O, causes the valve to fall on the tube
to retain heat, or on the other band the extinguisher to fall off the flame and
allow it to regain its original size. The lever is regulated by a small weight T.
Although I now give preference to the regulator above described I may use any
regulator which I may find more suitable for my purpose.
I make the bottom of my egg chamber (as at Fig. 1) to lower by means of weights S,
and pullies or otherwise, bringing it below the sides of the chamber (see Fig. 9) so
that access may be had from every side of the tray and the eggs turned or tested
without any appreciable loss of heat, such as in the case when the top of the chamber
is opened for this purpose; this arrangement of movable bottom also permits the eggs
to be brought nearer to, or further from, the heating wheel or pipes, as may Бе
desired.

page_text: According to a modification of this plan (see Fig 2) I may cause the chamber B,
and all it contains to rise by means of similar weights and pullies, leaving the egg
tray or bottom stationary, and open on all sides.
I may make my heating tubes of Brass or any suitable metal or material and use
any desired material in the construction of the other various parts of my incubator,
which I may support on four legs, or in any convenient way
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1 An Incubator or egg hatching apparatus, constructed combined and arranged to
operate substantially as hereinbefore described and shewn Fig. 1 of the Drawing
2 An Incubator or egg hatching apparatus, constructed combined and arranged to
operate substantially as hereinbefore described and shewn Fig 2 of the Drawing.
3. In an incubator or egg hatching apparatus, the use of horizontal tubes radiating
from a vertical tube receiving heat from a lamp or other source these tubes being
placed above the egg tray having conduits for escape of products of combustion to the
outside of the incubator, and with or without valve over vertical tube for regulating
the heat, substantially as described.
4. In an incubator or egg hatching apparatus, and egg tray so fitted that it may be
raised or lowered to permit inspection and turning of the eggs either by cords weights
and pullies, or by an equivalent device, substantially as described
5 In an Incubator or Egg hatching apparatus, constructing the hot air chamber so
that it may be raised or lowered to permit inspection and turning of the eggs by cords
weights and pullies, or an equivalent device, the tray remaining stationary substantially
as described.