Improvements in the Manufacture of Metallic Hoops for Laminated Springs, and in the Tools used therefor.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Feb., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 6th June, 1894-Accepted, 8th Sept., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Metallic Hoops for Laminated
Springs, and in the Tools used therefor.
I, ALBERT EDWIN DEARDEN 88 Station Road, Darnall, Sheffield in the
County of York, Wheelsmith, do hereby declare the nature of my invention to be
as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of single and double
end hoops used in the construction of laminated springs for railways and the like,
it also relates to the tools or mechanism used in forming and welding the hoops.
I propose to make a double end hoop as follows: I take a bar of iron of the
desired size and bend it (at a point equal to the full length of hoop) back upon
itself the depth of the open end, then at a right angle to form the crossbar or end
of opening, and then back again to the extent of the first bend. A second piece of
iron is bent in exactly the same manner, and these two bent pieces when placed in
position will form a complete hoop, and simply require welding and pressing.
For this purpose I prefer to use hydraulic pressure, and this will be in the form
of a hydraulic press having four rams, arranged as follows: A vertical top ram to
hold down the top tool, or top half of a matrix, the bottom tool being supported
upon the bed of the press. A second ram is placed under the bed its function being
to raise, support, and lower the drifts which form the openings in the hoop. Two
horizontal rams work opposite each other, and their pressing tools pass into side
openings in the matrix, and act upon each opposite side of the hot iron bars welding
them together and pressing them to the finished configuration.
When this is done the top ram is raised disclosing the hoop with the drifts
projecting above it, a suitable "dolly" is placed upon the drifts and the escape
valve of the lower ram being opened, the upper ram is forced down pushing the
drifts through the hoop, and releasing it for removal.
Dated the 6th day of February 1894.
ROBT. F. DRURY, C.P.A.,
Bank Buildings, George Street, Sheffield, Agent for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Metallic Hoops for Laminated
Springs, and in the Tools used therefor.
I, ALBERT EDWIN DEARDEN of 88 Station Road, Darnall, Sheffield in the
County of York, Wheelsmith, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of single and double
end hoops used in the construction of laminated springs for railway and other
vehicles, and also to the tools or mechanism used in forming and welding the
hoops.
On the accompanying drawings illustrating my invention
Figure 1 represents an elevation of a bending press fitted with my improved
tools

page_text: Figure 3 is an elevation of a welding press fitted with my improved tools.
Figure 4 being a plan of the same.
Figure 5 is a plan shewing the position of the parts when the welding is
effected.
Figure 6 is a section of the tools used for producing the second bending of the
bar, shewing the latter in position, and indicating in dotted lines the form it
assumes after the operation.
Figure 7 is a section of the tools used for producing the third bending of the bar,
shewing the bar in position before the operation.
Figure 8 is a section of the same, shewing the position of the tools and the form
assumed by the bar after the operation.
Figure 9 is a transverse section of the upper and lower dies R and W.
A is a bar of iron thickened at a and of a sufficient length to form one half of a
hoop. B illustrates the same after it has received the first bending in the tools
shewn in the press in Figures 1 and 2. C is the same after it has undergone the
second bending operation. D represents the bar after it has received the third
bending.
In forming a double end hoop according to my invention, I take a bar of iron A
thickened for a part of its length as shewn at a and of the requisite dimensions to
form one half of a hoop and bend it at a point corresponding with the end of the
hoop, back upon itself to a length corresponding with the required depth of the
open end of the hoop as shewn at B, and then at a right angle so that the thickened
part a will form eventually the cross bar or end of opening, into the form shewn
at C, after which I finally bend the bar at a right angle to the extent of the first
bend and parallel thereto, as shewn at D. Two of the bent bars D are then heated.
in a furnace to a welding heat and placed in the tools in the press shewn on
Figure 3. To perform the operations above described I prefer to use hydraulic
pressure. For the purpose of effecting the necessary bends, I employ a press
similar to that shewn on Figures 1 and 2, having a vertical top ram F and provided
on either side with top and bottom tools G and H corresponding to the form shewn
at B.
Between these dies is a centre stool I having recesses K K formed of a suitable
depth to produce the figure shewn at C. In the centre of this stool I is an
opening L closed in front by a hinged or pivotted piece M hinged at m and of a
depth corresponding to the length of the hoop, the width being equal to that of
two of the side bars forming the hoop. The ends of the bars A. having been heated
are then placed upon the lower die H and the ram F carrying with it the upper
die G is lowered thereon. In this way the bar assumes the bent form shewn at B.
The ram F having been raised the bars are removed and their ends inserted within
the recesses K K as shewn on Fig. 6. The ram F is again lowered causing the
bars to assume the form C. The ram F is raised again and the hinged or pivotted
piece M brought forward so as to permit the long end of the bars being inserted
into the opening L (see Fig. 7). A drift N of suitable form is then placed upon
the horizontal portion a of the bar and the ram F again lowered (see Fig. 8). By
this operation the bar is caused to assume the form shewn at D.
Two of these bent bars D having been heated to a welding heat are then placed
upon the drifts O. P. Q., which are supported upon the lower ram U as shewn on
Fig. 3. These drifts are previously inserted into corresponding openings formed in
the die W after which the upper die R is caused to descend upon the drifts which
project upwards through the die W. As soon as this is effected the horizontal
rams S and T are driven forward as shewn at Figure 5 so as to weld the sides
together thus forming the finished hoop as shewn at E.
The ends of the upper and lower dies R and W (see Figure 9) are made of a
concave form so as to produce the requisite rounding upon the horns' of the hoop
when finished. As soon as the welding is effected the rams S and T are drawn
back. The ram R is then raised and a "dolly" of ordinary construction placed
upon the projecting ends of the drifts O. P. Q. which are driven down together

page_text: with the lower ram U by the lowering of the ram R. As soon as this is effected
the ram R is again raised to permit of the finished hoop being removed from
the dies.
In forming a hoop with a single end one bar is bent in a similar manner to that
described for a double ended hoop, after which the end of the long side is bent up
at right angles; a second bar of shorter length is then bent at right angles as shewn
at Fig. 10, the two bars being welded together in a press of similar construction to
that shewn on Figures 3 and 4
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is: :-
1. Hoops for springs having one or more ends constructed substantially as
described.
2. In the manufacture of hoops for springs as shewn at D and E upon the
accompanying drawings, the method of bending closing and welding the parts
together by hydraulic or other pressure, in the manner and for the purposes
specified.
3. In the manufacture of hoops for springs according to the process described,
having one or more ends, the use of a bar thickened for a portion, for the purposes
and as described.
4. The manufacture of hoops for springs having one or more ends, substantially
as described and shewn upon the accompanying drawings.
Doted this Myth day or
me 1894
Dated this MIYED day of Time 10647
For the Applicant,
GEDGE & FEENY,
Agents.