which Hydro-carbons are Consumed.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Jan., 1889
Specification Accepted, 16th Feb, 1889
in which Hydro-carbons are Consumed.
We, LASSLO CHANDOR of No. 62 Gorochowo, St. Petersburg, Russia, Gentleman,
and CARL HEINRICH NÖLTING. of Dunster House, Mark Lane, London, England,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
Our invention relates to improvements in cylinders or chimneys for illuminating
apparatus in which hydro-carbons are consumed, the object of the same being to
prevent the so-called sweating of the lamps or the precipitated portions of the
combustible, especially petroleum, which accumulate on the vase and foot of the lamp
and also all smells from the lamp and to furthermore increase the illuminating power
of the flame.
We have ascertained by careful study and exhaustive experiments that the well
known disagreeable sweating of petroleum and other lamps does not alone result from
the exudation of the combustible from untight parts of the vase or burner, but from
the precipitate produced by the condensation of the imperfectly consumed combustible
escaping from the cylinder or chimney of the lamp which descends on the outer
surface of the same and is precipitated on the cold vase and foot of the lamp.
These escaping portions of the combustible are the cause of the unpleasant smell
invariably accompanying the burning of petroleum and other hydro-carbons and have
up to the present not been prevented.
By employing our improved cylinder or chimney this disadvantage is entirely over-
come, and in order to overcome the same we employ a cylinder or chimney in which
the outlet opening of the same is so reduced that it corresponds with the width of
diameter of the burner or the wick. This reduction of the area of the upper end of
the chimney or cylinder can be effected by making the glass chimney or cylinder
substantially as shown in the accompanying drawing so that the opening for the
escaping products of combustion is decreased to the desired extent or if it is desired
to employ the present chimney, caps of metal, glass, porcelain or other suitable
material can be used to decrease the area of the outlet and attain the desired result.

page_text: According to our invention the chimney or cylinder is given such a form that the
upper opening is arranged to correspond with the width or diameter of the wick or as
aforesaid a cap of suitable size and form can be employed.
Figures 1 and 2 are vertical sections of two kinds of chimneys or cylinders in which
the narrowing of the outlet is made in the cylinder itself.
Figure 3 is the section of an ordinary cylinder in which the area of the upper end,
of the chimney or cylinder is reduced by means of a removable cap of glass, metal,
porcelain or other suitable material.
The form of the chimney or cylinder is the customary, is extended more or less above
the smaller foot at d in order to allow of a widening of the flame and is then gradually
tapered at 6 towards the upper end a, Figs. 1 and 2, where the chimney or cylinder is
provided with a horizontal lateral ring with an opening c, the diameter of which will
about correspond with the breadth or diameter of the wick.. The ring can be rect-
angular to the walls of the cylinder, Fig. 1, or be of bent or curved form, Fig. 2.
In the cylinder represented in Fig. 3 the ring a is formed by a cap al of appropriate
material with an opening c corresponding with the diameter of the wick.
The operation of our improved cylinder or chimney is such that only the products
of combustion, i.e. the products of the perfect consumption (carbonic acid) can escape
through the opening e of the chimney or cylinder whilst the imperfectly consumed
products of combustion such as carbonic oxide gas and evaporated combustible is
retained by the ring a and is carried by the air circulating in the chimney or
cylinder downward to the flame to be fully consumed and thus increase the illuminating
power of the lamp.
The improved system of cylinder or chimney has the further advantage that the
safety of the lamp against extinguishing by draught entering the top of the chimney
is greatly increased.
It will be evident that chimneys or cylinders on our system of partially closed
upper end is not confined to any special form of chimney or cylinder or to a
special kind of combustive as like good results can be obtained with any kind of fluid
combustible.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
wo claim is :-
A Cylinder or chimney for lamps in which the upper opening is either reduced,
to the diameter or breadth of the wick of the lamp by a horizontal or nearly
horizontal ring so that only the products of combustion escaping from the core, of
the flame can escape and in this manner all sweating and sinelling of the lamp is
prevented substantially as and for the purpose set forth in the foregoing specification,
and shown in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 11th day of January 1889.