Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 14th July, 1886.
Complete Left, 14th Apr., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 8th July, 1887.
I, HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 6, Bream's Buildings,
Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to produce a machine in which bags of all the
various sizes used in commerce may be manufactured.
In carrying out this invention, a roll or web of paper is used, said roll or web being
suitably mounted in the frame of the machine. The paper is drawn from the web by
a suitable drawing roller, and is passed to a former, which forms it into a tube. On
leaving the former, the tube passes under a pasting or gumming mechanism, which
lays a line of paste or gum near one edge, and the tube then passes between two
rollers, which lay the unpasted edge over the pasted edge, and cause the two parts to
adhere together.
The tube then passes onto a table, and a portion sufficient to make a bag of the
required size is cut off by means of a guillotine, or other suitable knife or blade.
The next operation is to form the bottom of the bag, for which purposo the bag is
seized by two pairs of grippers; one pair passes inside the tube, and the other pair
remains outside, one above and one below the tube, the two pairs of grippers firmly
holding the tube between them. The grippers are pivotted to the fraine, and are
formed with tail pieces, which are connected to a counterweighted lever having its
fulcrum at the lower part of the frame. This lever is rocked by a cam, and serves to
rock the grippers on their fulcra, and open or distend the tube, so as to form a square
opening. At this moment, a former of the shape of an isosceles triangle is advanced,
and flattens or pushes in one side of the square, and also marks the folds for the
other side of the square, and then is withdrawn. As this former retires, a second
former on the opposite side is advanced, and folds in the opposite side of the bag, and

page_text: thus forms a lozenge shaped end. This former also places paste or gum on the points
of the lozenge, which, as the former is withdrawn, are turned down and fixed.
The second former is provided with a pair of helicoidal surfaces, which act on the
upper and lower points of the lozenge as the former advances, and turn down the
points, and with a second pair of similar surfaces to press down the points onto
the bottom of the bag after they have been supplied with paste or gum by a pair of
rollers, also carried by the former, and this completes the formation of the bottom of
the bag.
When the bag is thus completed, it is taken hold of by a second pair of grippers,
which are actuated by levers and cams in a manner similar to that described above,
and is presented to a drying apparatus consisting of a rotary drum, heated internally,
and an endless band or apron, which keeps the bag in contact with the heated surface,
where the paste or gum is dried. The bags are then ready to be packed up in
quantities suitable for the market.
The drawing roller receives an intermittent movement by means of a rack and
pinion motion actuated by a crank on the driving shaft, and motion is communicated
to the pasting and pressing rollers by bands from pulleys on the drawing roller axle,
the diameter of the pulleys being greater than that of the pasting and pressing
rollers.
The cams for actuating the grippers are mounted on a transverse shaft, which
receives motion by bevel gearing from the main driving axle, from which axle, motion
is cominunicated by band to the drying apparatus.
The two side formers are worked by counterweighted levers actuated by cams
mounted on longitudinal shafts.

page_text: The first movement includes :-
(1) The drawing forward of the web of paper;
(2) Its formation into a tube ;
(3) The pasting or cementing of this tube; and
(4) The cutting of the tube into lengths varying according to the size of bag
required.
The second movement includes:
(1) Opening the paper tube to a square form;
The flattening of the square thus obtained; and
(3) The formation, pasting, and folding down of the corners.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1, Sheet I, is a side elevation of the machine.
Fig. 2 is an end elevation with the drying apparatus shown in Fig. 1 removed.
Figs. 3 show the form of the bag at the various stages of forming the bottom; and
Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the former for completing the bottom.
The two principal movements are obtained as follows:-
A fly wheel, driven from any prime mover, or by hand, transmits rotary motion by
gearing to a transverse shaft ppl carrying at each end a crank disc P P¹. These
dises form part of a system of driving mechanism used in driving Chohin's cutters,
and which, being well understood, will not need a detailed explanation. It will be
sufficient to say that the right hand connecting rod B is connected to its crank disc P
through a slide e graduated from 1 to 15, and gives, therefore, an adjustable motion,
while the other connecting rod is connected directly to the crank disc P¹, and is not
adjustable.
Each connecting rod B is pivotted at its outer end to a rack b, which gears with a
pinion a connected by a ratchet and pawl, or its equivalent, to a toothed wheel A, so
that the pinion a, having a reciprocating axial motion, will communicate motion
through the ratchet and pawl to the wheel A in the direction of the arrow. It may
be remarked, moreover, that one of the ratchet wheels remains quiescent while the
other is in action.

page_text: DIVISION OF THE FIRST MOVEMENT: -
1st. Drawing forward of the web of paper. The web of paper, of a width varying
according to the size of the bag required to be produced, is wound upon an axle D
(Fig. 1) placed below the table of the machine. It is drawn forward by a drawing
roller S leaving two smaller rollers s running in contact therewith. The roller S is
driven by a toothed wheel gearing with, and of the same diameter as the wheel A,
and will thus receive a corresponding motion, which will vary according to the
length of bag required.
2nd. Formation of the tube. The web of paper, as it is drawn forward by the
roller S, passes under adjustable folding wheels (Fig. 1) intended to commence the
folding, and then passes to a former M, on the upper part of which its edges, sliding
against helicoidal surfaces, are gradually turned over, and towards each other, until
the web is formed into a tube. The right edge is not brought down upon the left
edge until the latter has received a line of paste in the following manner.
3rd. Pasting. An endless band of felt ƒ (Fig. 1), driven by a pulley p, which is
connected by a strap with a pulley of the same diameter as, and keyed on the shaft of,
the drawing roller S, moves at the same speed as the paper. This band of felt runs in
contact with the upper side of a roller r, the under side of which is in a trough of
paste. This trough, as well as others to be hereafter mentioned, is furnished at its
opening with small brushes, which prevent any foreign bodies from being taken up
with the paste by the roller -The felt band running in frictional contact with the
roller rotates it, and thus receives therefrom a continuous line of paste, which it then
deposits upon the left hand edge of the web of paper.-The right hand edge is then
brought down upon the pasted edge, and the tube is thus completely formed. The
pasting takes place on the centre line of the tube.
The former is of a thickness of 2.or 3 centimeters. The object of this arrangement
is to prevent the tube from being completely flattened.
The former, while still preserving the same angles and dimensions, is so cut away at
its forward end as to allow a pair of rollers E E', placed one above and the other
below the end of the former, to press upon the pasted portion of the tube, thus
ensuring the sticking together of the edges of the tube, and at the same time aiding
in drawing the tube forward. The lower roller E is connected by a band with a pulley
keyed upon the shaft of the drawing-roller S, and of the same diameter as the drawing
roller.
The roller E is thus rotated, and communicates its motion to the upper roller E¹,
which is forcibly pressed down upon the lower roller.-The rollers press upon the tube
only at the line of paste. The tube is thus completed, and constantly fed forward by
the drawing rollers E E'. This forward movement of the tube ceases at the precise
moment when the necessary length for making the bottom of the bag has passed the
table of the machine.
4th. Cutting the tube into lengths. At the moment of the arrest of the forward
motion of the paper tube, it is cut off by means of a guillotine knife y (Fig. 1).-The
cutting apparatus is composed of a massive block terminating at rear in two slides g,
graduated from 1 to 15, which carry the guillotine knife y. These two slides allow
the position of the knife to be adjusted according to the length of the bags to be made.
The knife carrier slides vertically in the frame N, and is actuated through a lever 1,
having its fulcrum at o, by a cani keyed on the shaft p p¹, and so arranged, that the
knife is raised when the forward movement of the paper commences, and is suddenly
dropped when this movement ceases.
Here the second principal division of the machine commences, the formation of
the bottom of the paper bag. It is to this part principally that the invention applies.
The three movements before mentioned are necessary in forming the bottom of
the bags.
Modification. The formation, pasting, and drawing forward of the paper tube may
also be effected in the manner illustrated at Fig. 5, Sheet II, of the drawings.

page_text: The roll of paper D is placed close beside the folding wheels R, and under the roll
at one end thereof is a pasting roller ». This roller runs in a trough of paste n, so
carried on the end of a balanced lever a, that the roller will be held constantly in
contact with the roll of paper, notwithstanding its decrease of diameter, due to the
drawing off of the paper therefrom.
As the web of paper is drawn off, the roll running in frictional contact with the
pasting roller causes it to rotate, and takes a supply of paste therefrom.
The helically shaped plates M of Fig. 1, which fold the paper round the former,
may be replaced by two helicoidal surfaces of very small dimensions, one of them
being situated at each side of the former.
The drawing rollers E E' may be replaced by grippers pp². These grippers are
mounted on two carriers s, which slide on guide rods e placed under the table of the
machine. Slots are formed in the table, on each side of the former, to allow of the
reciprocating motion of the gripper carriers.
The grippers ppl are opened and closed by arms t, the lower one of which is
prolonged, and pivotted to a connecting rod b.-The other end of this rod is attached
to a rock lever having its fulcrum at a, and having its opposite end connected by a
rod with an adjustable crank pin y, carried by a slide in a crank disc k keyed upon the
cam shaft.
When the connecting rod b is moved in the direction of the arrow, the grippers are
first closed upon the forner and the web of paper, and they are then moved forward
with their carriers, drawing with them the paper and the former.
Part only of the former, which is hollow, follows this movement. This part consists
of a small piece m, of the same thickness as the former, and of a breadth of 4 centi-
meters, equal to the breadth of the grippers.-The piece m carries, in front, two blades
of steel m', which project forward as far as the knife, and at back, a rod surrounded
by a spiral spring. The movement of the grippers is produced during the stop of the
forward, movement.
Immediately after the advance motion of the grippers, the crank disc k, continuing
to rotate, rocks the lever in the opposite direction, and draws back the connecting
rod b.-The grippers are thus opened, and the paper released, and left in its advanced
position. The moving part of the former is brought back to its first position by the
spiral spring, as well as the steel blades, whose duty it is to guide the web of paper
into the bite of a second pair of grippers.
The grippers are then slowly withdrawn, while the cutting of the tube of paper and
the formation of the bottom of the bag is taking place.
DIVISION OF THE 2ND MOVEMENT :-
:―
1. Opening the Bags:-The mechanism for opening out the Bags is composed of
four principal parts. The apparatus for opening the Bag consists, properly speaking,
only in the two pairs of gripper arms T T and grippers I I', which seizing the sides
of the bag at the middle, one above and the other below, describe an arc of a circle
whose centre is at the point o¹.
The pivot of the pair of gripper armis T T¹ is at o¹ o' (Figs. 1 and 2), and the pivot
of the pair II' is at o" o", the two points o¹ and o" falling, in Fig. 1, at the same
point marked o¹; but in order not to hinder the forward motion of the paper, which
would strike the axis o¹, as well as the movement of the formers (to be presently
explained), the pivots o¹ o¹ oll o" of the grippers are divided, so that the space
between the points o" o¹¹, Fig. 2, will be free. The pasted portion of the bags not
being yet dry, requires to be compressed in order to avoid the separation of the two
edges by the sudden motion of opening the bags. The two internal grippers K K¹
lie, when in their normal position, in the line of the axis of the bag, and present
thereto a point t*, which enters the bag during its forward movement. These
grippers are connected to their pivot by two pairs of arms T and T¹, (see Fig. 2)
which are perpendicular to the table, and situated on each side of the knife carrier,

page_text: one above and the other below the pivot, and are then bent forward into the form of
quadrants, and meet each other at t (Fig. 1).
The two gripper arms T T¹ are actuated by a counterweighted lever L from a
cam V, so that the gripper arms tend to open at t. when the lever L moves towards
the right, the arm o' d being a prolongation of T', and the arm o¹ d¹ a prolongation
of T. The other two grippers I and I are carried by two rectangles H and H¹
pivotted at the same point as the first grippers. The grippers I I¹ lie, in their
normal position, in one straight line, resting against the sides of the frame N.
Immediately after the fall of the knife carrier, the external grippers I and I¹ close
down upon the internal arms at t; the sides of the bag are thus held fast above and
below. The internal grippers K K¹ then open, forcing apart the external
grippers II. The apparatus then presents two perfectly distinct pairs of grippers,
which, when their axial motion is completed, give to the bottom of the bag its first
square form. The internal grippers K and K³, instead of being fixed on their stems,
are detachable at t; they should be of various sizes, and should be longer, and so
reach nearer to the pivot when smaller bags are to be produced. The supporting
arms H H of the external grippers are prolonged beyond their pivot.o', and form
crank arms o¹ d; o d¹, which correspond, as seen in fig. 1, with the crank arms
which actuate the gripper arms T T. But the crank arm o¹d is the prolongation
of H, and o' d' the prolongation of H. These gripper arms are actuated from a
cam V through a rock lever L' similar to the cam V and rock lever L already
described.
II. Pressing down the folds of the square bottom :-At the moment of opening out
the bag, a triangular plate Q, the apex of the triangle lying across the centre line of
the bag, slides from left to right across the square which has just been produced, and
presses in the sides of the square.
When the plate Q has reached the centre of the square, the internal gripper arms
close together into their normal position, and the plate Q continues its advance,
passing across the right hand side of the square, until it reaches its opposite angle,
and marks the two folds at the right.
As the plate Q is withdrawn, another apparatus advances from right to left, that is
to say, from the opposite side.-During its forward movement, it folds the corners at
right angles, and deposits paste thereupon, and in retiring, the corners are pressed
down, and fixed, the point of the upper corner lying slightly over the lower corner.
This apparatus is arranged as follows.
III. Finishing the bottom of the bags:-The apparatus consists of a plate J. J
equal in width to the bottom of the finished bag intended to slide over the bottom,
and keep it flat against the front of the machine, and two other plates h. h¹, one above
and the other below the first mentioned plate, and distant from this only one or two
millimetres so as to form a groove. These two plates h. h¹ are intended, by passing
behind the upper and lower corners of the bottom of the bag, to press them down at
right angles (see fig. 3).
This result is obtained by giving a helical form to the extremity of the two
plates h. h (see fig. 4). Each of these plates terminates in a fine edge, which,
sliding across, and close against the front of the machine, passes necessarily behind
the corners of the bottom of the bag. The plates h. h¹ carry small rollers c. c c on a
level with the groove or space between the plates. The rollers c. c are pasting
rollers, so that the corners turned down by the helical plate entering the groove,
pass between the rollers, will turn them, and will receive a supply of paste therefrom.
The main or middle plate is preferably made in two distinct parts, which are
connected at their ends with the plates h. h. The two parts or arms J. J¹ are
mounted on a vertical guide J", and are capable of sliding towards and from each
other. This arrangement allows the same parts to, be used for all sizes of bags. The
pasting rollers are arranged as follows:-That attached to the arm J. is simply a
roller running in a trough of paste like that hereinbefore mentioned. This trough b.
(the size of which will vary according to the size of bag to be pasted) hooks onto the

page_text: arm J. The pasting of the lower corner is effected as follows:-At the back of
the arm J¹ is a second paste trough 61, Fig. 4, the roller of which is at the same level
as the pasting roller proper, which is a fixed roller. During the return motion of the
apparatus, the roller of the paste trough, running in contact with a plate n carried
by an upright Y, will deposit a supply of paste on its under surface. The roller c'
passing in its turn under the pasted plate, will be charged with paste, which, during
the advance motion, it will carry to and deposit upon the lower corner of the bottom
of the bag.
Acting in conjunction with the helical plates h. h are two other helical plates g. g¹,
like the first, but turned in the opposite direction. The plates g. g¹ pass above the
bottom of the bag during the advance motion, and on the return motion, these plates
press down the corners already folded at right angles. The bag is thus completed,
and presents the form shown at fig. 3°. The plate Q and the finishing apparatus slide
in front of the table, and motion is imparted to them by two rock levers XX' actuated
by cams as shown at fig. 2.
As the plate Q must be advanced a distance varying according to the size of the
bags, and as it must not commence its return motion until the finishing apparatus is
advanced into contact with the bag, this plate is arranged as follows:-A rod carrying
the plate Q passes through its driver G, and is held in position by a spiral spring.
On this rod is fixed a collar v. A stop, the position of which will be adjusted
according to the size of the bag, will arrest the collar v, and with it the plate Q, as
the plate reaches the further side of the bag. The driver G continuing to advance,
will compress the spiral spring which it contains. On the return motion of the
driver G, while the finishing apparatus is advancing, the plate Q will remain
stationary while the spiral spring is expanding, and will not commence to retire until
the precise moment when the finishing apparatus comes, in its turn, in contact with
the bag.
When the finishing apparatus, during its return motion, has uncovered half of the
bag, the latter is taken hold of by a gripping apparatus, Fig. 1, and is carried into a
drying apparatus Z The object of this arrangement so to convey the bag to the
dryer, that its corners, which are freshly pasted, shall be held securely down, and
thus any malformation of the bag, which might be occasioned by the corners of the
bag rising, will be effectually prevented. This gripping apparatus is thus arranged :-
In its normal position, the arm U of the gripper, rests with its end u lying exactly
flush with the line of junction of the block and the table. This arm U extends
downwards a short distance from its pivot & and is then bent into the form of a
semicircle. The other arm U¹, lies horizontally and rests upon one of the rollers of
the dryer. As the finishing apparatus leaves the corners of the bag, the arm U¹ of the
gripper is raised, and presses against the point n¹ (Fig. 3) of the folded down upper
corner of the bag, which point reaches beyond the centre line of the bag. This
corner will thus be secured between the two arms U & U₁ of the gripper, which will
then be rocked over together, carrying with them the bag towards the dryer. Two
small rollers Z' actuated in any convenient manner then fall on to the bottom of the
bag, and press it against the felt of the dryer Z, which will carry the bag with it in its
forward motion.
The apparatus for finishing the bottom of the bag derives its motion from two
levers LL, which are actuated by cams V" V keyed upon the same shaft as
the cams V V¹. The dryer receives its rotary motion by a strap from a pulley on
the shaft ppl.
For the formation of the bottom of the bag, the arrangement shown at figs. 6. 7.
8 & 9, Sheet II, may be used in place of that just described.
In this modification, a pair of rollers I I' are mounted on slides H, H', which move
In vertical guides M¹ M². The slides H, H₁ are connected by rods T T¹ to
grippers K K.
These grippers are each provided with an arm v, which receives the pressure of a
spring. They are carried by a pair of cranked levers V₁ V₁, pivotted at o' to the
raming of the machine.

page_text: These levers V¹ have diverging arms V2 V2 connected by links d¹ d¹ to a rock
lever L, which is actuated by a cam keyed on the shaft V. This lever therefore
commands the grippers K K as well as the rollers I I¹.
The sliding knife carrier G is connected by a pair of rods J1 J1 to rocking
arms, which are actuated by cams keyed on the shaft V.
At the right hand side of the machine is a plate Q, pivotted at v², and capable of
sliding horizontally under the action of a link 3 connecting it with a rocking arm X,
which is actuated by a grooved cam keyed on the shaft V.
The formation of the bottom of the bags will now be readily understood by
reference to the following description of the action of the apparatus.
The tube of paper situated under the raised knife carrier G, is carried forward by
the travelling grippers p p¹, until its extremity is taken hold of by the grippers K K
At this moment, the knife carrier descends, and cuts off a length of tube, and
flattens it. In descending, the knife carrier G (which, by means of a catch, held the
roller I in a raised position, to prevent it obstructing the passage of the tube of
paper), allows the roller I to drop. This movement of the roller I is permitted by
means of a special arrangement of parts, which will be readily seen on referring to
figure 8.
When the tube of paper is thus flattened, and has its forward end engaged upon
the grippers K K¹, these grippers open, and the rollers I I¹ are moved away from
each other, and so prepare the bottom of the bag (as shown at figure 3*, Sheet I).
At this moment, the rectangular plate Q is pressed by means of a stud or pin, or
other arrangement, upon the bottom of the bag, in order to maintain the folds, and to
deposit thereon a supply of paste, which it received from a brush z.
The bottom of the bag being thus kept folded by the plate Q, it only remains
to fold down the upper and lower corners of the bag.
This is effected by the grippers K K¹ returning to their former position, aided by
the rollers I I¹, which follow the movement of the grippers, and complete the bag by
folding down its corners upon the plate Q. It should be remarked that the roller 1
descends a little before the roller I³, so that the lower corner is folded down upon the
upper corner.
The bag then presents the appearance shown at figure 3°.
The bottom of the bag being thus completed, the plate Q is first withdrawn, and
when it has passed studs which retained it, it quickly swung round, under the
action of a spring, into a position over a paste trough Z, where it receives a fresh
supply of paste from a pivotted brush z.
The knife carrier G then rises, carrying with it the roller I, thus making way for
the advance of a fresh length of paper tube. At the same time, a small grooved
cylinder, which rotates constantly behind the roller I, seizes the bag by its lower
corner, and draws it forward towards the drying apparatus.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondent I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In machines for the manufacture of paper bags, the arrangement of the gripper
jaws T T intended to open out the bag into the form of a square, in combination
with the gripper arms I 1ª, which close upon the jaws K K' of the arms T T¹, in such
manner that the bag held between the parts I l' and K K¹, cannot be separated, as
and for the purpose described, with reference to Figs. 1. 2 and 4. Sheet I, of the
accompanying drawings.
2. In machines for the manufacture of paper bags, the use of the plate Q intended.
to turn down the first two corners of the bag (fig. 3ª), as and for the purpose
described with reference to figs. 1. 2. 3, Sheet I, of the drawings.
3. In machines for the manufacture of paper bags, the use of a former (fig. 4)
having two helicoidal surfaces h h for turning down the upper and lower corners of
the bottom of the bag (fig. 3b), and two other helicoidal surfaces g. g₁ for pressing
5

page_text: the corners against the bottom of the bag (fig. 3°) after they have received a supply of
paste by passing between the rollers c c¹, as and for the purpose described.
4. In machines for making paper bags, the use of the gripper U U₁ (fig. 1) for
delivering the completed bags to the drying apparatus Z, as and for the purpose
described with reference to fig. 1, Sheet I, of the drawings.
5. In machines for making paper bags, the combination of a roll of paper D, a
pasting roller r, folding rollers or wheels R, the former with moveable portion, and
grippers p and pl for pasting one edge of the web of paper, folding it upon the
former, and drawing it forward at the proper time, as described with reference to
fig. 5, Sheet II, of the drawings.
6. In machines for making paper bags, the combination of the grippers K K' and
rollers I I, with the plate Q for forming and pasting the bottom of bags, the said
grippers, rollers, and plate acting in the manner and for the purpose described with
reference to figs. 6. 7, 8, and 9, Sheet II, of the drawings.
7. The machine for making paper bags substantially as herein shown and described
with reference to figs. 1 to 4, Sheet I, of the drawings.
8. The machine for making paper bags consisting of the combination of the parts
shown at Fig. 5, Sheet II, for pasting, folding, and drawing_forward, and the
combination of the parts shown at Figs. 6. 7. 8 and 9, Sheet II, for forming and
pasting the bottoms of the bags, substantially as set forth.
T
1
0