IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ENCLOSING MATERIALS IN A COVERING OF CYLINDRICAL OR PRISMATIC FORM, AND FOR CUTTING THE MATERIALS SO FORMED INTO LENGTHS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Anton Gottlieb Schönheyder, of No. 3, Flora
Terrace, Albion Road, Stoke Newington, in the County of Middlesex, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ENCLOSING MATERIALS IN
A COVERING OF CYLINDRICAL OR PRISMATIC FORM, AND FOR CUTTING THE
MATERIALS SO FORMED INTO LENGTHS."
i
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Anton Gottlieb
Schonheyder at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st April
1881.
WILLIAM. ANTON GOTTLIEB SCHONHEYDER, of No. 3, Flora Terrace, Albion
Road, Stoke Newington, in the County of Middlesex.. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR ENCLOSING MATERIALS IN A COVERING OF CYLINDRICAL OR PRISMATIC
FORM, AND FOR CUTTING THE MATERIALS SO FORMED INTO LENGTHS:"
The object of this Invention is the construction of a machine or machines for
covering such substances as are generally, made up into the form of cylinders or
prisms either in long continuous lengths or in shorter lengths, and more especially
such substances as do not in themselves possess the power of holding together in
the desired form; but the Invention is evidently also applicable to the covering of
substances already fashioned into continuous forms, the covering in either case being
of any desired material, but which is by preference used in the shape of long
continuous strips.
".
The following description applies to one form of machine, but the various
devices may also be used either separately, or in other combinations besides those
named.
The wrapping material, such as tape, webbing, paper, rubber, or other substance
is stored at one end of the machine, say, at the right hand end in the form of.a.
long continuous strip, coiled round a drum of convenient form, and either left to
itself to unwind when the material is pulled, or its rotation is retarded by friction
or otherwise in any of the well known ways of effecting this; or it may be assisted
in its rotation. After being pulled off the reel or drum the covering, material is
passed under a couple of long guides, one at each side, but only overlapping the
edges to a small extent. Between these guides and below the covering, material is
a travelling chain or flexible band, the upper surface of which is grooved to' a

page_text: shape and size corresponding approximately with the finished form of the covered
article, and into the groove of this travelling chain or band the wrapper is pressed
by a simple stationary guide or roller at the beginning or right hand end of the before
mentioned guides.
.
A convenient box or receptacle is provided in close proximity to the said guides
and travelling band or bed for the purpose of storing the substance to be placed
inside the wrapper by the attendant; or when this substance is of such a nature as
will enable it to be "poured," then it may be placed in a hopper over the covering,
and be fed into the grooved form which it has been made to assume by any well
known mechanical device, assisted if necessary by scoops, stirrers, or otherwise.
The said travelling chain or band is passed over suitable pullies, and is by them
propelled either continuously or intermittently, according to the will of the
attendant, but in such a manner as to keep exact time with the other portions of
the machine presently to be described, and by this arrangement the covering, while
in contact with the travelling bed "rests' on the said bed, without being drawn either
to the right or to the left of it.
"9
After the travelling bed has left the covering with its contents of proper amount
and evenly distributed, the said covering is passed on to and inside a peculiarly
formed stationary channel or tube shaped forming piece made of any firm and
smooth material, and while passing through this tube the following operations are
performed :-
Firstly. At the beginning of the forming tube, or say, at its right hand end, its
form much resembles that of the already described travelling band, but it gradually
alters its shape (and with it the shape of the enclosed moving wrapper) to that of
the letter U or approximately so. In this shaped part of the tube between the
two upstanding sides or edges of the wrapper, and on the top of the contents of
the said wrapper is caused to move up and down as well as backwards and
forwards a <<
presser," with its underside shaped hollow, and approximately to the
same form as the finished tube, and the said underside is sometimes also made very
thin and flexible, for the purpose of better pressing down, shaping, and consolidating
the material undergoing the covering treatment.
The peculiar up and down movement of the presser I obtain by well known
mechanical movements, but by preference by hinging the left hand end of the
presser (or its continuation) to a block sliding in a suitable slot, and by actuating
the other or right hand end of the said presser, or a prolongation thereof by means
of an eccentric crank or cam working in combination with other parts of the
machine, and at a suitable speed, the effect being such that while moving
horizontally to the right (i.e. in opposite direction to the movement of the wrapper
and its contents) the presser is raised, but when moving to the left or with the
wrapper it is depressed or approximately so.
Secondly. When the wrapper and contents have passed the pressing part of the
tube they move into a part of it which is so shaped as to gradually fold over one
edge (say the front edge) of the wrapper, the other edge still remaining upright,
and when the said edge has been fully folded down it will then have arrived at a
part of the forming tube, where but a narrow opening is left for the upstanding
edge of the wrapper, and in the space between this edge of the wrapper and that
part of the forming tube which has folded down the other edge a thin plate or
tucker" is caused to work up and down, so as to press down or
"tuck in "any
small pieces of the substance which may not have been quite crushed down by the
presser already described, or which may owing to their elastic nature again have risen
above their intended level.
Thirdly. In passing still further to the left, the standing edge of the wrapper is
brought into contact with a pasting arrangement, by means of which any gummy
or sticky material is laid evenly and continuously on to it, so as to enable it to
adhere firmly to that other part of the wrapper on to which it is folded down as it
passes still further to the left, and under a gradually closing portion of the same
forming tube in which the other described operations were performed.

page_text: The gumming may be done automatically by any well known arrangement, such
as by means of two or more discs or rollers, one of these dipping into the pasting
material, and by its own rotation and that of the other discs carrying the paste on
to its intended place on the edge of the wrapper. The said discs or rollers may be
driven in any convenient manner.
After the pasted edge has been folded down on to the other part of the wrapper,
as above described, I sometimes pass the completed and filled tube through or near
a heater or drier, and also sometimes through a die or short tube for the purpose of
strengthening the 'joint and consolidating the completed tube. The above described
former" is sometimes made. in two or more parts for facility of manufacture, as
also for cleaning and adjusting.
The said completed tube is now passed between a couple (or three or more)
continuous travelling bands or moving platforms stretched round pullies, and forced
with elastic adjustable pressure against the filled tube, so that by driving the bands
at a proper speed in proportion to the speeds of the other portions of the machine,
the tube may be pulled through the "former" above described, past the pasting
arrangement and other parts, and finally delivered from the machine.
...
The travelling bands for performing the pulling operation, as well as the band
mentioned earlier for supporting the covering during the filling process, may
obviously be made of any desirable material, and I sometimes construct them of
india rubber mounted on strong webbing, and I make these compound bands in
continuous or endless lengths by suitable moulds or otherwise.
When the completed tube is not required to be in long lengths, then I provide
in combination with the machine a chopping arrangement, by means of which it
is cut up automatically into suitable lengths. One mode of doing this is as
follows:-
'On being delivered by the pulling arrangement, the tube is passed through a die
with a cutting edge, and against which a knife with a slanting edge is caused to
work up and down, preferably in the following manner :-
The knife is mounted on a suitable frame, sliding freely on a square or prismatic
or circular grooved bar, and the said bar is so actuated or rotated that while the
knife on the down or cutting stroke bears against the before mentioned die, it will
on the upstroke pass some distance away from it and quite clear of the tube, which
advances continuously. The up movement is given to the knife by means of a
lever, which is 'lifted by a crank and roller, and the said crank is mounted quite
free on a suitable shaft, but impelled forward by a second crank on a concentric
shaft, which is driven' continuously with the other parts of the machine, and
adjustable for speed according to lengths required. The effect of the arrangement
described is this, that as soon as the lever (and the knife) has been raised to the
top of its stroke, and the first (or free) crank has passed its balancing point,
then a spring which always tends to pull the lever downwards will do so suddenly,
and hence the knife will cut the pieces of tube off with a sharp "dropping" move-
ment, the free crank flying quickly round for about one half of a revolution, and
remaining together with the lever and knife at the bottom of the stroke until again
overtaken and lifted by the steadily revolving second crank.
In order to provide for cutting off quite square, or in other words to compensate
for the time the knife occupies in descending, and during which time (however
short) the tube must necessarily advance some distance, the die together with the
knife can be adjusted to any suitable angle otherwise than square with the axis
of the tube.
For the purpose of keeping the knife well sharpened I provide a circular cutting
disc, such as an emery wheel, and mount it in such a position and at such an angle
to the knife edge, that each time the knife ascends its cutting edge shall come
against the said wheel and cause it to renew the edge by a partially sliding and
partially rotating movement.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Anton Gottlieb Schonheyder in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 30th September 1881.
WILLIAM GOTTLIEB SCHONHEYDER, of No. 3, Flora Terrace, Albion Road, Stoke
Newington, in the County of Middlesex, "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
ENCLOSING MATERIALS IN A COVERING OF CYLINDRICAL OR PRISMATIC FORM,
'AND FOR CUTTING THE MATERIALS SO FORMED INTO LENGTHS."
The object of this Invention is the construction of a machine or machines for
covering such substances as are generally made up into the form of cylinders or
prisms, either in long continuous lengths or in shorter lengths, and more especially
such substances as do not in, themselves possess the power of holding together in
the desired form; but the Invention is evidently also applicable to the covering of
substances already fashioned into continuous forms, the covering in either case
being of any desired material, but which is by preference used in the shape of long
continuous strips.
'
The following description applies to one form of machine, but the various devices
may also be used either separately or in other combinations besides those named.
The wrapping material, such as tape, webbing, paper, rubber, or other substance
is stored at one end of the machine, say at the right hand end, in the form of a
long continuous strip coiled round a drum of convenient form, and either left to
itself to unwind when the material is pulled or its rotation is retarded by friction
or otherwise in any of the well known ways of effecting this; or it may be assisted
in its rotation. After being pulled off the reel or drum the covering material is
passed under. a couple of long guides, one at each side, but only overlapping the
edges to a small extent. Between these guides and below the covering material is
a travelling chain or flexible band, the upper surface of which is grooved to a shape
and size corresponding approximately with the finished form of the covered article,
and into the groove of this travelling chain or band the wrapper is pressed by a
simple stationary guide or roller at the beginning or right hand end of the before
mentioned guides.
A convenient box or receptacle is provided in close proximity to the said guides
and travelling band or bed for the purpose of storing the substance to be placed
inside the wrapper by the attendant; or when this substance is of such a nature
as will enable it to be "poured," then it may be placed in a hopper over the
covering, and be fed into the grooved form which it has been made to assume by
any well known mechanical device, assisted if necessary by scoops, stirrers, or
otherwise.
The said travelling chain or band is passed over suitable pullies, and is by them
propelled either continuously or intermittently, according to the will of the
attendant, but in such a manner as to keep exact time with the other portions of
the machine presently to be described, and by this arrangement the covering while
in contact with the travelling bed rests in the said bed without being drawn either
to the right or the left of it."
After the travelling bed has left the covering with its contents of proper amount
and evenly distributed, the said covering is passed on to and inside a peculiarly
formed and stationary channel or tube-shaped "forming-piece" made of any firm
and smooth material, and while passing through this tube the following operations
are performed:
Firstly. At the beginning of the forming tube, or, say, at its right hand end, its
form much resembles that of the already described travelling band, but it gradually
alters its shape (and with it the shape of the enclosed moving wrapper) to that of

page_text: the letter U, or approximately so. In this U shaped part of the tube between
the two upstanding sides or edges of the wrapper, and on the top of the contents
of the said wrapper, is caused to move up and down, as well as backwards and
forwards, a presser with its underside shaped hollow, and approximately to the
same form as the finished tube, and the said underside is sometimes also made very
thin and flexible for the purpose of better pressing down, shaping, and con-
solidating the material undergoing the covering treatment.
The peculiar up and down movement of the presser I obtain by well known
mechanical movements, but by preference by hinging the left hand end of the
presser (or its continuation) to a block sliding in a suitable slot, and by actuating
the other or right hand end of the said presser or a prolongation thereof by means
of an eccentric, crank, or cam working in combination with other parts of the
machine, and at a suitable speed, the effect being such
that while moving
horizontally to the right (i.e., in opposite direction to the movement of the wrapper
and its contents) the presser is raised, but when moving to the left or with the
wrapper it is depressed or approximately so.
Secondly. When the wrapper and contents have passed the pressing part of the
tube they move into a part of it which so shaped as to gradually fold over one
edge (say the front edge) of the wrapper, the other edge still remaining upright,
and when the said edge has been fully folded down it will then have arrived at a
part of the forming tube; where but a narrow opening is left for the upstanding
edge of the wrapper, and in the space between this edge of the wrapper and that
part of the forming tube which has folded down the other edge a thin plate or
tucker" is caused to work up and down, so as to press down "tuck in "any
small pieces of the substance which may not have been quite crushed down by
the presser already described, or which may owing to their elastic nature again have
risen above their intended level.
or
Thirdly. In passing still further to the left, the standing edge of the wrapper is
brought into contact with a pasting arrangement, by means of which any gummy
or sticky material is laid evenly and continuously on to it so as to enable it to
adhere firmly to that other part of the wrapper on to which it is folded down as it
passes still further to the left and under a gradually closing portion of the same
forming tube in which the other described operations were performed.
The gumming may be done automatically by any well known arrangement, such
as by means of two or more discs or rollers, one of these dipping into the pasting
material, and by its own rotation and that of the other discs carrying the paste on
to its intended place on the edge of the wrapper.
The said discs or rollers may be
driven in any convenient manner.
After the pasted edge has been folded down on to the other part of the wrapper,
as above described, I sometimes pass the completed and filled tube through or near
a heater or drier, and also sometimes through a die or short tube for the purpose
of strengthening the joint and consolidating the completed tube. The above
described "former" is sometimes made in two or more parts for facility of manu-
facture, and also for cleaning and adjusting.
The said completed tube is now passed between a couple (or three or more)
continuous travelling bands or moving platforms stretched round pullies and forced
with elastic adjustable pressure against the filled tube, so that by driving the bands
at a proper speed in proportion to the speeds of the other portions of the machine
the tube may be pulled through the "former" above described past the pasting
arrangement and other parts, and finally delivered from the machine.
The travelling bands for performing the pulling operation, as well as the band
mentioned earlier for supporting the covering during the filling process, may
obviously be made of any desired material, and I sometimes construct them of
india rubber mounted on strong webbing, and I make these compound bands in
continuous or endless lengths by suitable moulds or otherwise.
When the completed tube is not required to be in long lengths, then I provide
in combination with the machine a chopping arrangement, by means of which

page_text: '
it is cut up automatically into suitable lengths. One mode of doing this is as
follows:
On being delivered by the pulling arrangement the tube is passed through a die
with a cutting edge, and against which a knife with a slanting edge is caused to
.work up and down, preferably in the following manner :-
The knife is mounted on a suitable frame, sliding freely on a square or prismatic
or circular grooved bar, and the said bar is so actuated or rotated that while the
knife on the down or cutting stroke bears against the before mentioned die, it will
on the upstroke pass some distance away from it and quite clear of the tube, which
advances continuously. The up movement is given to the knife by means of a
lever, which is lifted by a crank and roller, and the said crank is mounted quite
free on a suitable shaft, but impelled forward by a second crank on a concentric
shaft, which is driven continuously with the other parts of the machine and
adjustable for speed according to lengths required. The effect of the arrangement
described is this, that as soon as the lever (and knife) has been raised to the top of
its stroke and the first (or free) crank has passed its balancing point then a spring
which always tends to pull the lever downwards will do so suddenly, and hence the
knife will cut the piece of tube off with a sharp chopping movement, the free crank
flying quickly round for about one half of a revolution and remaining together
with the lever and knife at the bottom of the stroke until again overtaken and
lifted by the steadily revolving second crank.
In order to provide for cutting off quite square or in other words to compensate
for the time the knife occupies in descending, and during which time (however
short) the tube must necessarily advance some distance, the die together with the
knife can be adjusted to any suitable angle otherwise than square with the axis of
the tube.
For the purpose of keeping the knife well sharpened I provide a circular cutting
disc, such as an emery wheel, and mount it in such a position and at such an angle
to the knife edge, that each time the knife ascends its cutting edge shall come
against the said wheel and cause it to renew. the edge by a partially sliding and
partially rotating movement.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
On the annexed three Sheets of Drawings I have shewn one form of machine
.constructed according to my above described Invention.
Sheet I., Fig. 1, is an elevation of the machine assumed to be supported on a
table or by legs or otherwise at a convenient height from the ground, and Fig. 2 is
a plan of the same. In neither of these two views are small details shewn, but
only the general arrangement of the various parts.
1, 1, is the bed plate formed of a couple of girders of L shape or other form suitably
united so as to form a solid support for the various parts of the machine; 2 is the reel
or pulley for containing the long strip of paper or other covering material, which
reel is mounted on centres or otherwise, and is made adjustable sideways for the
purpose of guiding the paper to its correct position on the travelling bed. 3 is a
guide roller for ensuring that the covering strip shall always be delivered to the
travelling bed at the same level independently of the amount on the reel; 4, 4, are
two pullies mounted on axles and adjustable for distance apart in any convenient
manner, but preferably in such a way that their axes shall always be parallel.
These pullies are "rounded" on their face to assist the travelling bed in keeping
on the centre of them, or they may he supplied with flanges for that purpose; 5 is
the travelling bed shewn enlarged on Sheet III., Fig. 16. This bed is by preference
formed in moulds and composed of canvas, band, or webbing on the side next to the
pullies, to which is cemented a body of rubber or other flexible material formed with
a groove, the lower part of which approximates to the shape and size of the finished
cylinder or prism; 6, 6, are a couple of guides fixed to but easily removeable from
the top of the table 6, as. shewn. These guides are shewn in cross section on
Sheet III., Fig. 16, and it will be seen that while touching the sides of the

page_text: travelling bed they are clear of the top of the same, leaving room for the coyering
strip shewn in dotted lines; 6b is a stationary guide spanning the two guides and
having a projection formed on its underside for pressing the wrapper down into
the groove of the travelling bed, thus making it ready for receiving the enclosed
material; 7 is the tray or hopper fastened to table 6a or otherwise for holding the
material to be enclosed in the endless band or wrapper; 8 is a bevil wheel on the
axle of the left hand pulley, and 9 is a bevil pinion on the long shaft 10; 11 is a
pulley on the same shaft and motion is communicated to it (and to shaft 10) by
a band or chain driven by pulley 12 on crank shaft 13, this shaft being rotated
by a foot treadle or otherwise and provided with a fly wheel (not shewn.)
grooved pulley 14 gives motion by a cord to pulley 15 which is keyed to the small
cross shaft 37 shewn in plan, and provided with eccentrics for actuating the presser,
as shewn in detail on Sheet III., Fig. 18; 16 is the forming tube through which
the wrapper with its enclosed material is drawn and in which the front edge of the.
said wrapper is first folded down, and afterwards the back edge (after pasting) is
folded down on the top of it so as to form a complete tube. This forming tube is
shewn to a larger scale and in greater detail on Sbeet III.
The
17, 17, are four pullies similar to 4, but mounted between a couple of frames 18
and made adjustable in their horizontal distance apart for the purpose of keeping
the bands 19 always tight. These bands are formed similarly to band, but the
grooves are shallower, as shewn in cross section, Sheet III., Fig. 17, so as to allow
a small space between them when enclosing the cylindrical (or prismatic) cord;
20, 20, are a couple of grooved stationary guides suitably held between the
frames 18, and bearing on the backs or insides of the bands 19 with a pressure
which can be adjusted by set screws and springs; 21 is the frame bolted to the
end of the bed 1 and suitably shaped for carrying the cutting gear.
The said
gear is driven by the change wheels 22 from shaft 10, as shown, and the same
shaft also drives the lower right hand pulley 17 by means of a bevil wheel and
pinion, while the upper right hand wheel 17 is driven from the lower one by spur
wheels 23, shown in plan. Means are thus provided for causing the two flexible
bands 5 and 19 to travel at the same speed (or at predetermined relative speeds),
and thereby assist in rendering it possible to use a very thin covering material with-
out fear of tearing or otherwise injuring it.
When I use a closing tube or solid die for better consolidation of the seam, then I
fix it close to the left hand end of the forming tube 16, and when a drying apparatus
is employed then I place it between the said left hand end of tube 16 (or the solid
die when used), and the pulling bands 19 so as to thoroughly dry and secure the
seam before exposing it to pressure.
Fig. 3, Sheet II., is an elevation of the cutting gear at the end of the machine;
Fig. 4, a side elevation; and Fig. 5 a plan of the same (partly in section). 21 is the
framing with suitable bosses, and other provisions for holding the gear as shewn;
22 are the change wheels before mentioned. The left hand wheel is keyed to a
hollow axle, on the other end of which is fixed the cam 24 (shewn in section
at Fig. 5, and broken off in Fig. 3); 25 is a rib or stop formed in one with or
fastened to the cam 24, and of such a, form as to take hold of and carry round
with it the crank arm 26, whose shaft passes through the hollow tube above
mentioned, and which carries the roller 26a; the cam is however not connected
with or tied to the crank in any way; 27 is a lever moving on a central pin with
a roller at left hand end bearing against the cam 24, and having a pin at the other
end engaging the compound crank piece 28 (shewn detached at Fig. 6).
A spring
presses the said roller against the cam, and thereby compels movement in one
direction, the cam compelling movement in the opposite direction. The upper part
of the compound crank piece 28 is fixed to the vertical square spindle 29, and
the lower part (double-ender) is loose to rotate on the said spindle, the two halves
being clamped together and made angularly adjustable relative to each other by
means of the set screw shewn. Thrin at the right hand end of lever 27 bears
on one side against a solid portion of the lower half of piece 28, but on the other

page_text: side against a spring secured to 28, as shewn in plan, Fig. 6, the object of this
arrangement being to cause a positive movement in one direction (where the cutting
knife is withdrawn from contact with its die), and a yielding pressure in the
opposite direction (when pressing the knife against the die during the cutting
operation). The upper end of the spindle 29 is guided by the horn projecting from
frames 18, as shewn by Fig. 4. On the spindle 29 is mounted, but slides freely,
the frame piece 30 to which the knife 31 is securely fastened. The knife is not
fixed parallel to the spindle but at a slight angle, so that it does not lie flat against
the die but is raised from it, the cutting edge only touching; this arrangement
gives a keener cut, and also gives clearance for the portion first acted on by the
knife. The lower part of the frame 30 is formed with a couple of collars between
which lie the free end of the driving lever 32, its fulcrum being fixed to the
frame 21 at the left hand side as shewn. A spring always tends to pull this lever
(and frame 30 with knife 31) downwards in the direction of the arrow. The lever
is lifted by the roller 26ª on crank 26, when actuated by the stop piece 25 on
cam 24, as before explained; as soon, however, as it arrives at the top of its stroke
or thereabouts, the angularity of the lever combined with its peculiar conformation
causes the crank to be overbalanced, i.e., it completes its downward movement
without the assistance of the cam 24, being acted on by the lever forced down by
its springs. Thus while the lever and consequently the knife is raised slowly it
descends with a sharp chopping movement, and the formed cord is separated into
suitable lengths according to the relative speeds of the cam 24, and the bands, 5
and 19. The formation of the cam 24 is such that while rising the knife occupies
the position shewn by dotted lines 33, Fig. 5, its edge being quite clear of the
advancing cord or covered material; and while descending it bears with a gentle
pressure against the die 34. This die is placed at an angle with the centre line of
the core to be cut, so as to obtain a perfectly square cut by allowing for the small
advance of the core which takes place while the knife descends. The angle thus
formed is made adjustable by fixing the die 34 into a block 35 which is bolted to
the curved surface of a bracket 36, the said curve being part of a circle struck from
the centre of the square spindle 29, so that when the block 35 with die 34 is
moved the spindle 29 with knife 31 can be moved at the same time, and their
relative positions will remain unchanged (being both moved round the common
centre). It will be clear that the compound crank piece 28 gives the means for
adjusting the knife as described.
*
+
Sheet III. shows the forming tube to a larger scale and in greater detail; Fig. 7
is the elevation of the tube with its attachments; and Figs. 8 to 15 inclusive are
sections of the tube taken at the respective places on Fig. 7, indicated by their
centre lines, but the scale is for clearness sake made four times that of Fig. 7. In
these sections the covering material is shewn by thick dotted lines, and it can be
clearly traced how it is gradually brought from the shape occupied while being
filled (under the guide 6, Sheet I., and also shown by Fig. 16, Sheet III.), to the
U shaped form, Figs. 9 and 10; how the forward edge (i.e., that to left in the
cross-sections) is then bent down at Figs. 11 and 12; how the back edge, still
standing up, is pasted by the edge of the wheel 45 at Fig. 13; and, finally, how
the pasted edge is gradually turned down on to the front edge, Figs. 14 and 15,
forming thereby a complete tube surrounding the material.. 37, Figs. 7 and 18 is
the cross-shaft revolved by pulley 15, Sheet I., and furnished with a couple of
eccentrics, as shewn in cross-section, Fig. 18. These eccentrics actuate a bridle-
piece 38 which is fastened to a presser 39, and to this presser is secured the bridle-
piece 40 whose toe is guided in a horizontal groove as shown; the result of the
arrangement being that the combined up and down and to and fro movement of
the presser causes any small filaments of the enclosed material which may be
standing up to be put down and compressed into the same shape (or nearly so) as
the finished core; 41 is a thin blade called a "tucker," which moves up and down
between the upstanding edge of the paper and the front half of the tube (the left
side of the tube in sections 12 and 20), and finally tucks down any fibre that may
A

page_text: have again risen above its proper level after being put down by the presser 39.
The
said tucker is screwed to lever 42, which is centred at one end, as shewn by section,
Fig. 21, and slotted at the other end, as shewn by elevation, Fig. 7, being
actuated by a pin in the presser 39, and thus moving simultaneously with it.
To facilitate the manufacture and also the cleaning during use, the front half of
the tube from 40 to the left hand end is made separate, see sections Figs. 20, 21,
and 22, and the top part of the tube at the left hand end is made in the shape
of a cap piece held on by a thumbscrew, as shewn in Fig. 22. The pasting
arrangement is shown by Fig. 21; 43 is a trough containing the pasting or
gumming material, and carrying a wheel 44, as shewn, held by a light spring
against the wheel 45, which conveys the paste from 44 to the edge of the paper,
see also section Fig. 13. The wheel 45 has the lower end of its spindle resting on
a centre (adjustable for height), and its upper end guided by a slot so as to allow
of a slight movement to and from the paper, according to its thickness or any
inequalities of the wheel. The wheels are rotated by contact with the paper
only, but may (when very thin paper is used) be rotated by any convenient means
from the main driving shaft 10 of the machine.
Having described the details of the machine, its application will be readily
understood to be as follows:-Having supplied the reel 2, Sheet I., with paper or
other covering in a continuous length, the trough 7 with the material to be
enclosed, and the trough 43, Sheet III., with the gumming substance, and started
the paper by pulling it through the length of the machine by hand, the filling from
trough 7 is commenced, and as soon as a length equal to that of the guides 6 is
filled, the paper is pulled forward (to the left) by the hand, and the same process
is gone through until a filled tube is brought between the pressing and pulling
bands 19, when the filling and pulling along can proceed continuously, the cranked
shaft 13 being driven by the foot or otherwise. The paper will be gradually folded
over at one edge, then pasted and folded over at the other edge, and finally pulled
out by bands 19 to be either left in long lengths or cut into short lengths by the
chopping gear shewn on Sheet II.
It will be understood that I have here only described one form of machine, and
that it is capable of being modified in several ways; for instance, the paper may
be guided to the band 5 by a separate guiding table adjustable sideways, and
instead of the trough 7 being at the back of the machine it may be over it, as is
more convenient when any substance that can be "poured" is to be enclosed, and
when the filling may be made automatic, assisted by stirrers or otherwise. Drying
or ironing arrangements may also be introduced between the left hand end of the
forming tube and the pulling bands 19, Sheet I.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I claim in respect of machinery for enclosing materials
in a covering of cylindrical or prismatic form,-
First. The use of a flexible grooved travelling bed for receiving the enclosing
fabric and the material to be enclosed, and conveying the same to the forming tube
or die, substantially as herein described.
Second. In combination with the grooved travelling bed referred to in the
preceding claim, the use of guides shaped so as to guide the paper strip or
other covering material into the groove of the bed, substantially as herein
described.
Third. The peculiar construction of forming tube or die so arranged that while
the enclosing fabric with its charge of material is passing through it, it first causes
the one edge of the fabric to be folded down on to the material, and then causes
the other edge of the fabric to be folded down over the first named edge, sub-
stantially as herein described.
Fourth. In combination with the forming tube or die the use of a reciprocating
presser for pressing down the inaterial into the fabric.
Fifth. In combination with the forming tube or die the use of a reciprocating

page_text: blade or
"tucker" for tucking projecting portions of the material into the partly
closed up fabric, substantially as herein described.
Sixth. The use of travelling flexible grooved bands for seizing the closed up
fabric as it issues from the forming tube or die, and drawing the same along
through the machine.
Seventh. The combination of the endless travelling grooved bed 5, guides
6 and 6b, forming tube 16, and pulling bands 19, constituting a machine for
enclosing materials in a continuous wrapper, operating substantially as herein
described.
Eighth. The arrangement of mechanism, herein described with reference to Figs.
3 to 5 of the Drawings, for cutting off lengths of the fabric with its enclosed
material, whereby a sharp chopping movement is obtained, and the cutting blade
is removed from the die after cutting, and also whereby a square cut is obtained
notwithstanding the continuous travel of the core or filled tube.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Gottlieb Schonheyder, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty eighth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
W. SCHON HEYDER. (L.S:)