Year: 1888

page_text: This Specification was, upon the 8th day of March 1890, Amended under
Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents, Designs, an Trade Marks Act, 1883.
1, JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN of 169 Fleet Street in the City of London, Fellow.
of the Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:
This invention relates to gig mills of that kind which comprise a drum around
which are arranged working or teasling rollers which have a variable rotary movement
independent of the movement of the drum.
A characteristic feature of the present invention is that some of the teasling rollers
act in the reverse way to the others although they are mounted on the same drum
which turns in only one direction. By this means the cloth or goods can be teasled
or dressed on one and the same drum both in the direction of the nap and against
the nap which is indispensable for many goods and which has hitherto been effected
only by the use of several drums turning in reverse directions to each other, or by
submitting the cloth more than once to the action of the same drum, turning the
cloth round end for end each time. Besides with these existing methods the teasling
in the two directions is not simultaneous, so that there is a loss of useful effect
especially in dealing with felted fabrics such as cloth and goods in which a very short
thick nap is desired.
For the purpose of the invention I arrange the working rollers successively the
reverse one of another. that is to say, that the point of the cards or teasles being on
one roller in the direction of the rotation of the drum, the point of the cards on the
next following roller is in the direction contrary to the said rotation. Half of the
rollers are thus arranged in the one direction and half in the other. The relation
between the rollers can however, be varied as desired; for instance, two or three

page_text: rollers working with the nap can be placed between two which work against the nap and
reciprocally; the particular arrangement will depend upon the nature of the fabric to
be treated.
Further, all the rollers may be those which work against the nap, that is to say,
all the card teeth have their points turned in the direction which is the reverse of
the rotation of the drum. This arrangement is of advantage for very light fabrics;
it enables the machine to act upon them more energetically without risk of fretting.
In a machine or drum constructed as above described it is necessary
to arrange
for the simultaneous stripping or cleaning of the cards arranged in reverse directions
to each other. With this object the rollers which act against the nap are placed on
the drum at a greater distance from the centre than those which act with the nap.
The axes of the rollers are thus not all on the same circumference; a small difference
A circular
(say half an inch) is sufficient but it can be more if thought better.
stripper placed outside the drum cleans the cards of the rollers that work against the
nap, that is to say, those arranged on the larger diameter. An internal stripper
cleans the cards of the other rollers, that is to say, those arranged on the smaller
diameter. This internal stripper constitutes a characteristic feature of the improved
machine and is hereinafter described.
In a machine constructed as above explained it is necessary to provide for varying
the energy of the cards, that is to say to give a more or less rapid rotation to the
working rollers, a method which has hitherto only been applied to rollers turning in
the same direction. For this purpose each roller is provided with a drag or brake
pulley of a diameter equal to that of the roller. The pulleys of the rollers that work
with the map are placed as usual outside the bearings of the drum; the pulleys of the
rollers that work against the nap are on the contrary placed inside these bearings. The
pulleys of the rollers working with the nap are driven from a shaft, at a variable
speed by an uncrossed belt; the other pulleys are driven from the same shaft by a
crossed belt. It will thus be understood that if the speed of the shaft be increased
the rollers that work with the nap will turn less quickly in a backward direction and
those that work against the nap will turn more quickly in the same direction; the
change effects in both cases an increase of resistance or energy. The action of
the two sets of cards will therefore vary at the same time and in the same proportion.
Two shafts can be used instead of one for driving the rollers and these shafts may
be situated below the drum or above it. One shaft will actuate the rollers working
with the nap and the other the rollers working against the nap. The arrangement is
more expensive than the preceding but it offers several advantages. It allows of
making the.action of teasling against the nap independent of that of teasling with
the nap
the two shafts are connected together by two toothed wheels and if one
of these he removed the action of the rollers which work against the nap immediately
ceases which is of advantage for finishing certain fabrics. By modifying the
respective diameters of the two toothed wheels the working energy against the nap
in relation to that with the nap is increased or diminished accordingly this again
is very useful in treating certain fabrics. The use of two shafts thus offers greater
facility in the regulation of the machine especially for manufacturers who make goods
of different kinds.
Other means of connecting the two shafts together can be employed such, for
example, as pulleys or cones with belts.
In the improved machine as the action of the successive rollers is alternately in
the two directions the tension to which the fabric is submitted by them is annulled.
The drum therefore does not drag or pull the fabric in either direction which is
an important advantage; it enables the usual drawing rollers to be for the great.
part dispensed with. Another advantage derived from the improved machine is that
the whole working surface of the drum can be utilized as the rollers which work
against the nap serve not only as teasling rollers but as guide rollers regulating the
pressure of the fabric on the drum.
The internal stripper or card cleaner hereinbefore referred to is composed of a
card plate with straight teeth or of a brush fitted on a beam curved according to the

page_text: circumference described by the interior of the working rollers. The beam is suspended
to the drum shaft by two hearings which turn freely on this shaft; the height of the
card plate can be adjusted by screws. This stripper hangs by its own weight and
all the rollers which act with the nap come successively in contact with it and are
cleaned. The flock or waste falls below the drum through spaces formed between the
rollers.
The cloth can be made to entirely or partially surround the drum by being carried
over a guide drum.
Sometimes instead of the internal card plate for stripping the rollers the rollers
which work with the nap are juxtaposed in pairs so that one strips another. Or these
rollers may be stripped by fixing under each a card plate which revolves with the
drum. For fabrics that lose much flock in the teasing operation and for which a
more energetic stripping arrangement is required an internal circular stripper like
the ordinary external stripper can be employed; it should be suspended like the
stripper plate alrealy described. A toothed wheel keyed on the drum shaft actuates
a pinion on the stripper which is always kept in place by its own weight.
For some purposes the outer set of rollers which have been described as those
working against the nap are used only as drawing rollers for maintaining and
This is useful
regulating the tension of the fabric between the working rollers.
when the goods do not require simultaneous teasling with and against the nap. The
rollers are fitted with cards. having straight teeth or are covered with plush, emery
or other material to which the fabric has a tendency to adhere. These rollers are
driven by a fixed strap one end being attached to the frame of the machine and the
other having a screw by which the tension can be regulated. The diameter of the
pulleys should be greater than that of the rollers in a proportion corresponding to
the forward speed of the fabric. If the fabric advances 36 feet per minute it will be
understood that the rollers should turn backwards by the amount that the drum turns
forwards, less 36 feet.

page_text: A communication from abroad by LA SOCIÉTÉ GROSSELIN PÈRE ET FILS, of
1. Boulevard St. Denis, Paris, France, Machine Builders.
I, JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN of 169 Fleet Street in the City of London, Fellow
of the Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:—
This invention relates to gig mills of that kind which comprise a drum, around
which are arranged working or teasling rollers which have a variable rotary
movement, independent of the movement of the drum.
A characteristic feature of the present invention is that some of the feasling rollers
act in the reverse way to the others, although they are mounted on the same drum,
which turns in only. one direction. By this means the cloth or goods can be teasled
or dressed on one and the same drum both in the direction of the nap and against the
nap, which is indispensable for many goods and which has hitherto been effected only
by the use of several drums turning in reverse directions to each other, or by
submitting the cloth more than once to the action of the same drum, turning the cloth
round end for end each time. Besides, with these existing methods the teasling in
the two directions is not simultaneous, so that there is a loss of useful effect, especially
in dealing with felted fabrics such as cloth, and goods in which a very short thick nap
is desired.
For the purpose of the invention I arrange the working rollers successively the
reverse one of another, that is to say that the point of the cards or teasles being on
one roller in the direction of the rotation of the drum, the point of the cards on the
next following roller is in the direction contrary to the said rotation. Half of the
rollers are thus arranged in the one direction and half in the other. The relation
between the rollers can, however, be varied as desired; for instance two or three
rollers working with the nap can be placed between two which work against the map
and reciprocally; the particular arrangement will depend upon the nature of the
fabric to be treated.
The 2 sets of rollers, one of which works according to the above with the nap, that is to
say haring the points of the cards turned in the direction of the rotation of the drum,
while the other set works against the nap, that is to say hacing the points of the cards
turned in the direction contrary to the rotation of the drum, revolve round their ares in
the same direction but in a direction contrary to that of the drum., Each of the 2 sets is
actuated by belts in such a manner that the set of ollers acting with the nap rotates back-
wards at a lower speed, and the other set acting against the nap at a greater speed than
the drum rotutes forwards.
.
Further, all the rollers may be those which work against the nap, that is to say, all

page_text: the card teeth may have their points turned in the direction which is the reverse of
the rotation of the drum. This arrangement is of advantage for very light fabrics;
it enables the machine to act upon them more energetically without risk of
fretting.
In a machine or drum constructed as above described it is necessary to arrange for
the simultaneous stripping or cleaning of the cards arranged in reverse directions to
each other. With this object the rollers which act against the nap are placed on the
drum at a greater distance from the centre than those which act with the nap. The
axes of the rollers are thus not all on the same circumference; a small difference (say
half an inch) is sufficient, but it can be more if thought better. A circular stripper
placed outside the drum cleans the cards of the rollers that work against the nap, that
is to say those arranged on the larger diameter. An internal stripper cleans the cards
of the other rollers, that is to say those arranged on the smaller diameter. This
internal stripper constitutes a characteristic feature of the improved machine and is
hereinafter described.
In a machine constructed as above explained it is necessary to provide for varying
the energy of the cards, that is to say, to give a more or less rapid rotation to the
working rollers, a method which has hitherto only been applied to rollers turning the
cards of which had the points in the same direction as the drum turns.
For this
purpose each roller is provided with a drag or brake pulley of a diameter equal to
that of the roller. The pulleys of the rollers that work with the nap are placed as
usual outside the bearings of the drum; the pulleys of the rollers that work against
the nap are on the contrary placed inside these bearings. The pulleys of the rollers
working with the nap are driven from a shaft at a variable speed by an uncrossed
helt; the other pulleys are driven from the same shaft by a crossed belt. It will thus
be understood that if the speed of the shaft be increased the rollers that work with the
nap will turn less quickly in a backward direction, and those that work against the
nap will turn more quickly in the same direction; the change effects in both cases an
increase of resistance or energy. The action of the two sets of cards will therefore
vary at the same time and in the same proportion.
Two shafts can be used instead of one for driving the rollers, and these shafts may
be situated below the drum or above it (as seen in Figure 1 of the of the drawings
in which C, C are the two shafts). One shaft will actuate the rollers working with the
nap and the other the rollers working against the nap. The arrangement is more
expensive than the preceding but it offers several advantages. It allows the action of
teasling against the nap to be made indepen lent of that of teasling with the nap; the two
shafts are connected together by two toothed wheels a, a, and if one of these be removed
the action of the rollers which work against the map immediately ceases, which is of
alvantage for finishing certain fabrics. By mo fifying the respective diameters of the
two toothed wheels, the working energy against the nap in relation to that with
the nap is increased or diminished accordingly; this again is very useful in treating
certain fabrics. The use of the two shafts Cthus offers greater facility in the
regulation of the machine, especially for manufacturers who make goods of different
kinds.
Other means of connecting the two shafts together can be employed, such for
example as pulleys or cones with belts.
In the improved machine, as the action of the successive rollers is alternately in the
two directions the tension to which the fabric is submitted by them is annulled. The
drum therefore does not drag or pull the fabric in either direction, which is an
important advantage; it enables the usual drawing rollers to be for the great part
dispensed with. Another advantage derived from the improved machine is that the
whole working surface of the drum can be utilized, as the rollers which work against
the nap serve not only as teasling rollers, but as guide rollers regulating the pressure
of the fabric on the drum.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is a side elevation of the improved gig
mill. Figure 1 is a plan of the working rollers, Figure is a section of the
drum.

page_text: :
A is the drum furnished with 14 working or teasling rollers of which the seven
marked T work against the nap and the seven marked T' work with the nap. The
rollers. T carry within their bearings pulleys B₁ over which passes a crossed belt
driven by the shaft C. The rollers T carry outside their bearings similar pulleys B
over which passes an uncrossed belt driven by the shaft C. The 'pulleys B and B2
are of the same diameter as the rollers. The rollers T and T all travel round with
the drum, the result of which is that if the shaft C is stopped, the cards of all the
rollers have a backward development equal to the forward development of the drum
and do not act on the .cloth. This is the minimum energy of the drum. If the
shaft is driven in the direction indicated by the arrow the rollers T will have their
backward movement, diminished and the rollers T' will have their backward movement
accelerated in the same proportion. They will therefore effect an amount of work
equivalent or in proportion to the speed of the shaft C. The different speeds of the
shaft can be produced by means of two stepped cone pulleys, or by any other suitable
kind of differential motion. It will be seen that the driving pulleys on the shaft are
of larger diameter for actuating the rollers T which work against the nap. The
object of this difference is to compensate for the onward travel of the fabric which
diminishes the action of the rollers that act with the nap and increases the action of
those that act against the nap.
Each
Other means than belts can be employed for transmitting motion to the working
rollers. For example I can employ toothed pinions or wheels of leather or papier maché
acting by friction against the inner periphery of a cast iron pulley. Figure 4 shows
these two methods, that is to say the toothed pinions and the friction pulleys.
working roller carries at its end a pinion which gears with a wheel Z, toothed around
its inner periphery. This wheel is loose on the drum shaft and is driven by a belt:
actuated by the speed regulating shaft. This regulating shaft could drive the wheel Z
by toothed gearing; the wheel would then be toothed on both its outer and inner
peripheries and the regulating shaft would carry a pinion gearing with the wheel Z.
With this arrangement the rollers that work with the nap would have all their pinions
on the one side of the drum, and the rollers that work against the nap would have
theirs on the other side.
F is the circular stripper for the rollers T which are arranged on the larger
circumference of the drum. His the internal stripper for cleaning the rollers T2. It
is composed of a card plate with straight teeth or of a brush fitted on a beam curved
according to the circumference described by the interior of the working rollers. The 3
beam is suspended to the shaft of the drum A by two bearings which turn freely on
this shaft the height of the card plate can be adjusted by screws. This stripper
hangs by its own weight and all the rollers T which act with the nap come
successively in contact with it and are cleaned. The flock or waste falls below the
drum through spaces formed between the rollers.
The cloth can be made to entirely or partially surround the drum by being carried
over a guide drum.
Sometimes instead of the internal card plate for stripping the rollers the rollers
which work with the nap are juxtaposed in pairs so that one strips another. This
modification is represented in Figure 2. Or these rollers may be stripped by fixing
under each a card plate which revolves with the drum. Figure 2ª represents another
arrangement which is adapted for fabrics that lose much flock in the teasling operation
and for which a more energetic stripping arrangement is required. In this arrange-
ment I employ an internal circular stripper like the external stripper; it is suspended
like the stripper plate already described and it can be adjusted relatively to the
circumference of the rollers. A toothed wheel y keyed on the shaft of the
drum A actuates a pinion on the stripper which is always kept in place by its own
weight.
For some purposes the outer set of rollers which have been described as those
working against the nap are used only as drawing rollers for maintaining and
regulating the tension of the fabric between the working rollers. This modification is
represented in Figure 3 and is useful when the goods do not require simultaneous

page_text: teasling with and against the nap. The rollers are fitted with cards having straight,
teeth or are covered with plush emery or other material to which the fabric bas a
tendency to adhere. These rollers are driven by a fixed strap one end being attached to
the frame of the machine and the other having a screw by which the tension can be
regulated. The diameter of the pulleys should be greater than that of the rollers in a
proportion corresponding to the forward speed of the fabric." It will be understood
that if the fabric is required to advance 36 feet per minute the rollers should turn
backwards by the amount that the drum turns forwards less 36 feet.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention as communicated to me and in what manner the same is to be performed
I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In a gig mill which comprises a drum around which are arranged working or
teasling rollers which have a variable rotary movement independent of the movement
of the drum a series of working or teasling rollers which have their cards or teasles
set in a direction which is the reverse of the rotary movement of the drum, the said
rollers having a rotary motion or backward development greater than the forward
development or movement of the drum, whereby said rollers act against the nap,
substantially as set forth..
r
2. In a gig mill which comprises a drum around which are arranged working or
teasling rollers which have a variable rotary movement independent of the movement.
of the drum a series of rollers with cards or teasles set so as to act against the nap in
combination with a series of rollers with cards or teasles set so as to act with the nap
whereby the cloth or fabric is teasled. or dressed against the nap and with the nap
simultaneously, substantially as set forth.
3. In a gig mill having a drum with two series of working or teasing rollers acting
respectively against and with the nap a wheel mounted loosely on the drum shaft and
actuated from a speed regulating shaft, in combination with pinions or wheels on the
working rollers, which pinions or wheels are driven by the said wheel, whereby rotary
axial motion is imparted to the working rollers substantially as set forth.
4. La gig mill having a drum with two series of working or teasling rollers acting
respectively against and with the nap, an internal stripper or card cleaner for cleaning
the cards or teasles of the one series of rollers in combination with an external stripper
or card cleaner for cleaning the cards or teasles of the other series of rollers
substantially as set forth.
5. An internal stripper or card cleaner carried by a beam which is curved according
to the circumference described by the interior of the working rollers and hangs by its
own weight from, the drum shalt in such position that all the rollers of one series come.
successively in contact therewith during the drum's rotation and are thereby cleaned,
substantially as set forth.
6. In a gig mill the combination with a drum of two series of rollers arranged
around same, the one series of rollers being fitted with cards or teasles for acting upon
the cloth or fabric and the other series being fitted with cards having straight teeth or
with a material to which the cloth or fabric has a tendency to adhere, the second series
of rollers rotating on their axes in the reverse direction to the rotation of the drum at
a circumferential speed which is as much less that of the drum as is equal to the speed
at which the fabric is, required to travel through the machine substantially as set
forth.

page_text: This Specification was, upon the 27th day of May 1892, further Amended
under Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883.
A communication from abroad by LA SOCIÉTÉ GROSSELIN PÈRE ET FILS, of
1, Boulevard St. Denis, Paris, France, Machine Builders.
I, JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN of 169 Fleet Street in the City of London, Fellow
of the Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to gig mills of that kind which comprise a drum, around
which are arranged working or teasling rollers which have a variable rotary
movement, independent of the movement of the drum.
A characteristic feature of the present invention is that some of the teasling rollers
act in the reverse way to the others, although they are mounted on the same drum,
which turns in only one direction. By this means the cloth or goods can be teasled
or dressed on one and the same drum both in the direction of the nap and against the
nap, which is indispensable for many goods and which has hitherto been effected only
by the use of several drums turning in reverse directions to each other, or by,
submitting the cloth more than once to the action of the same drum, turning the cloth.
round end for end each time. Besides, with these existing methods the teasling in
the two directions is not simultaneous, so that there is a loss of useful effect, especially
in dealing with felted fabrics such as cloth, and goods in which a very short thick nap
is desired.
For the purpose of the invention I arrange the working rollers successively the
reverse one of another, that is to say that the point of the cards or teasles being on
one roller in the direction of the rotation of the drum, the point of the cards on the
next following roller is in the direction contrary to the said rotation. Half of the
rollers are thus arranged in the one direction and balf in the other. The relation
between the rollers can, however, be varied as desired; for instance two or three
rollers working with the nap can be placed between two which work against the nap
and reciprocally; the particular arrangement will depend upon the nature of the
fabric to be treated.
The 2 sets of rollers, one of which works according to the above with the nap, that is to
say having the points of the cards turned in the direction of the rotation of the drum,
while the other set works against the nap, that is to say having the points of the cards
turned in the direction contrary to the rotation of the drum, revolve round their axes in
the same direction but in a direction contrary to that of the drum. Each of the 2 sets is
actuated by belts in such a manner that the set of rollers acting with the nap rotates back-
wards at a lower speed, and the other set acting against the nap at a greater speed than
the drum rotates forwards.
Further, all the rollers may be those which work against the nap, that is to say, all

page_text: the card teeth may have their points turned in the direction which is the reverse of
the rotation of the drum. This arrangement is of advantage for very light fabrics;
it enables the machine to act upon them more energetically without risk of
fretting.
In a machine or drum constructed as above described it is necessary to arrange for
the simultaneous stripping or cleaning of the cards arranged in reverse directions to
each other. With this object the rollers which act against the nap are placed on the
drum at a greater distance from the centre than those which act with the nap. The
axes of the rollers are thus not all on the same circumference; a small difference (say
half an inch) is sufficient, but it can be more if thought better. A circular stripper
placed outside the drum cleans the cards of the rollers that work against the nap, that
is to say those arranged on the larger diameter. An internal stripper cleans the cards
of the other rollers, that is to say those arranged on the smaller diameter. This
internal stripper constitutes a characteristic feature of the improvel machine and is
hereinafter described but is not claimed.
In a inachine constructed as above explained it is necessary to provide for varying
the energy of the cards, that is to say, to give a more or less rapid rotation to the
working rollers, a method which has hitherto only been applied to rollers the
For this
cards of which had the points in the same direction as the dru.n turns.
purpose each roller is provided with a drag or brake pulley of a diameter equal to
that of the roller. The pulleys of the rollers that work with the nap are placed as
usual outside the bearings of the drum; the pulleys of the rollers that work against
the nap are on the contrary placed inside these bearings. The pulleys of the rollers
working with the nap are driven from a shaft at a variable speed by an uncrossed
belt; the other pulleys are driven from the same shaft by a crossed belt. It'will thus.
be understood that if the speed of the shaft be increased the rollers that work with the
nap will turn less quickly in a backward direction, and those that work against the
nap will turn more quickly in the same direction; the change effects in both cases an
increase of resistance or energy. The action of the two sets of cards will therefore
vary at the same time and in the same proportion.
Two shafts can be used instead of one for driving the rollers, and these shafts may
be situated below the drum or above it (as seen in Figure 1ª of the drawings
in which C, C are the two shafts). One shaft will actuate the rollers working with the
nap and the other the rollers working against the nap. The arrangement is more
expensive than the preceding but it offers several advantages. It allows the action of
teasling against the nap to be made independent of that of teasling with the nap; the two
shafts are connected together by two toothed wheels a, a, and if one of these be removed
the action of the rollers which work against the nap immediately ceases, which is of
advantage for finishing certain fabrics. By modifying the respective diameters of the
two toothed wheels, the working energy against the nap in relation to that with
the nap is increased or diminished accordingly; this again is very useful in treating
certain fabrics. The use of the two shafts CC thus offers greater facility in the
regulation of the machine, especially for manufacturers who make goods of different
kinds.
Other means of connecting the two shafts together can be employed, such for
example as pulleys or cones with belts."
The
In the improved machine, as the action of the successive rollers is alternately in the
two directions the tension to which the fabric is submitted by them is annulled.
drum therefore does not drag or pull the fabric in either direction, which is an
important advantage; it enables the usual drawing rollers to be for the great part
dispensed with. Another advantage derived from the improved machine is that the
whole working surface of the drum can be utilized, as the rollers which work against
the nap serves not only as teasling rollers, but as guide rollers regulating the pressure
of the fabric on the drum.
Figure of the accompanying drawings is a side
Figure 1 is a plan of the working rollers.
mill.
elevation of the improved gig
Figure 1 is a section of the

page_text: A is the drum furnished with 14 working or teasling rollers of which the seven
marked T work against the nap and the seven marked T2 work with the nap. The
rollers T carry within their bearings pulleys B' over which passes a crossed belt.
driven by the shaft . The rollers T carry outside their bearings similar pulleys B2
over which passes an uncrossed belt driven by the shaft C. The pulleys B1 and B2
are of the same diameter as the rollers. The rollers T and Tall travel round with
the drum, the result of which is that if the shaft C is stopped, the cards of all the
rollers have a backward development motion equal to the forward development motion
of the drum and do not act on the cloth. This is the minimum energy of the drum. If
the shaft C is driven in the direction indicated by the arrow the rollers T will have their
backward movement diminished and the rollers T will have their backward movement
accelerated in the same proportion. They will therefore effect an amount of work
equivalent or in proportion to, the speed of the shaft. C. The different speeds of the
shaft can be produced by means of two stepped cone pulleys, or by any other suitable
kind of differential motion. It will be seen that the driving pulleys on the shaft are
of larger diameter for actuating the rollers T which work against the nap.
object of this difference is to compensate for the onward travel of the fabric which
diminishes the action of the rollers that act with the nap and increases the action of
those that act against the nap.
The
Other means than belts can be employed for transmitting motion to the working
rollers. For example I can employ toothed pinions or wheels of leather or papier maché.
acting by friction against the inner periphery of a cast iron pulley. Figure 4 shows
these two methods, that is to say the toothed pinions and the friction pulleys. Each
working roller carries at its end a pinion which gears with a wheel Z, toothed around
its inner periphery. This wheel is loose on the drum shaft and is driven by a belt
actuated by the speed regulating shaft. This regulating shaft could drive the wheel Z
by toothed gearing; the wheel would then be toothed on both its outer and inner
peripheries and the regulating shaft would carry a pinion gearing with the wheel.Z.
With this arrangement the rollers that work with the nap would have all their pinions
on the one side of the drum, and the rollers that. work against the nap would have
theirs on the other side.
Fis the circular stripper for the rollers T which are arranged on the larger
circumference of the drum. H is the internal stripper for cleaning the rollers T². It
is composed of a card plate with straight teeth or of a brush fitted on a beam curved
according to the circumference described by the interior of the working rollers. The
beam is suspended to the shaft of the drum A by two bearings which turn freely on.
this shaft the height of the card plate can be adjusted by screws. This stripper
hangs by its own weight and all the rollers T2 which act with the nap come
successively in contact with it and are cleaned. The flock or waste falls below the
drum through spaces formed between the rollers.
The cloth can be made to entirely or partially surround the drum by being carried
over a guide drum.
Sometimes instead of the internal card plate for stripping. the rollers the rollers
which work with. the nap are juxtaposed in pairs so that one strips another. This
modification is represented in Figure 2. Or these rollers may be stripped by fixing
under each a card plate which revolves with the drum. Figure 2" represents another
arrangement which is adapted for fabrics that lose much flock in the teasling operation
and for which a more energetic stripping arrangement is required. In this arrange-
ment I employ an internal circular stripper like the external stripper; it is suspended
like the stripper plate already described and it can be adjusted relatively to the
circumference of the rollers. A toothed wheel y keyed on the shaft of the
drum A actuates a pinion on the stripper which is always kept in place by its own
weight.
こ
For some purposes the outer set of rollers which have been described as those
working against the nap are used only as drawing rollers for maintaining and
regulating the tension of the fabric, between the working rollers. This modification is
represented in Figure 3 and is useful when the goods do not require simultaneous
:1

page_text: teasling with and against the nap. The rollers are fitted with cards having straight
teeth or are covered with plush emery or other material to which the fabric has a
tendency to adhere. These rollers are driven by a fixed strap one end being attached to
the frame of the machine and the other having a screw by which the tension can be
regulated. The diameter of the pulleys should be greater than that of the rollers in a
proportion corresponding to the forward speed of the fabric. It will be understood
that if the fabric is required to advance 36 feet per minute the rollers should turn
backwards by the amount that the drum turns forwards less 36 feet.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention as communicated to me and in what manner the same is to be performed
I declare that what I claim is :-
4. In a gig mill which-comprises a-drum-around-which are-arranged-working-or
tensling rollers-which-have a variable rotary movement-independent-of-the-movement
of the drum-a-series of working or-tensling-rollers-which have their cards-or-teasles
set-in a direction which is the reverse-of-the-rotary-movement of the drum-the-said
rollers having a rotary motion or backward-development-greater than the forward
development-or-movement of the drum, whereby said-rollers net against-the-nap,
substantially as set forth.
In a gig mill which comprises a drum around which are arranged working or
teasling rollers which have a variable rotary movement independent of the movement
of the drum a series of rollers with cards or teasles set so as to act against the nap in
combination with a series of rollers with cards or teasles set so as to act with the nap
whereby the cloth or fabric is teasled or dressed against the nap and with the nap
simultaneously, substantially as set forth.
3. Ina gig mill having a drum with two series of working or teasling rollers neting
respectively against and with the napa wheel mounted loosely on the-dru n-shaft und
actuated from a speed regulating shaft, in combination with-pinions or wheels on the
working rollers, which pinions or wheels-are-driven-by-the said wheel, whereby rotary
axial motion is imparted to the working rollers-substantially as set forth.
4. In a gig mill having a drum with two series of working or tensling rollers acting
respectively against and with the-nap, an internal stripper or card cleaner for cleaning
the eards or tensles of the one series of rollers in combination with un-external stripper
or card cleaner for cleaning the cards or teasles of the other-series-of-rollers
substantially-as-set-forth.
5. An internal stripper or eard cleaner carried by a beam which is carved necording
to the circumference described by the interior of the working rollers and hangs by its
own weight from the drum shaft in such position that all-the-rollers of one-series come
successively-in-contact therewith during the drum's rotation and are thereby cleaned;
substantially as set forth.
6. In a gig mill the combination with a drum of two series of rollers-arranged
around same, the one series of rollers being fitted with cards or teasles for acting upon
the cloth or fabric and the other series being fitted with-eards having straight-teeth or
with a material to which the cloth or fabric has a tendency to adhere, the-second-series
of rollers rotating on their axes in the reverse direction-to-the rotation of the drum-at
a circumferential-speed which is as much less that of the drum us is equal to-the-speed
at-which the fabric is required to travel through the-machine-substantially as set
forth.

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Apr., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 21st Dec., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 23rd Feb., 188
RESERVE
1. JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN of 169 Fleet Street in the City of London, Fellow
of the Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
This invention relates to gig mills of that kind which comprise a drum around
which are arranged working or teasling rollers which have a variable rotary movement
independent of the movement of the drum.
A characteristic feature of the present invention is that some of the teasling rollers
act in the reverse way to the others although they are mounted on the same drum
which turns in only one direction. By this means the cloth or goods can be teasled
or dressed on one and the same drum both in the direction of the nap and against
the nap which is indispensable for many goods and which has hitherto been effected
only by the use of several drums turning in reverse directions to each other, or by
submitting the cloth more than once to the action of the same drum, turning the
cloth round end for end each time. Besides with these existing methods the teasling
in the two directions is not simultaneous, so that there is a loss of useful effect
especially in dealing with felted fabrics such as cloth and goods in which a very short
thick nap is desired.
For the purpose of the invention I arrange the working rollers successively the
reverse one of another, that is to say, that the point of the cards or teasles being on
one roller in the direction of the rotation of the drum, the point of the cards on the
next following roller is in the direction contrary to the said rotation. Half of the
rollers are thus arranged in the one direction and half in the other. The relation
between the rollers can however be varied as desired; for instance, two or three
rollers working with the nap can be placed between two which work against the nap and
reciprocally; the particular arrangement will depend upon the nature of the fabric to
be treated

page_text: Further, all the rollers may be those which work against the nap, that is to say,
all the card teeth have their points turned in the direction which is the reverse of
the rotation of the drum. This arrangement is of advantage for very light fabrics ;
it enables the machine to act upon them more energetically without risk of fretting.
In a machine or drum constructed as above described it is necessary to arrange
for the simultaneous stripping or cleaning of the cards arranged in reverse directions
to each other. With this object the rollers which act against the nap are placed on
the drum at a greater distance from the centre than those which act with the nap.
The axes of the rollers are thus not all on the same circumference; a small difference
(say half an inch) is sufficient but it can be more if thought better. A circular
stripper placed outside the drum cleans the cards of the rollers that work against the
nap, that is to say, those arranged on the larger diameter. An internal stripper
cleans the cards of the other rollers, that is to say, those arranged on the smaller
diameter. This internal stripper constitutes a characteristic feature of the improved
machine and is hereinafter described.
In a machine constructed as above explained it is necessary to provide for varying
the energy of the cards, that is to say to give a more or less rapid rotation to the
working rollers, a method which has hitherto only been applied to rollers turning in
the same direction. For this purpose each roller is provided with a drag or brake
pulley of a diameter equal to that of the roller. The pulleys of the rollers that work
with the nap are placed as usual outside the bearings of the drum ; the pulleys of the
rollers that work against the nap are on the contrary placed inside these bearings. The
pulleys of the rollers working with the nap are driven from a shaft at a variable
speed by an uncrossed belt; the other pulleys are driven from the same shaft by a
crossed belt. It will thus be understood that if the speed of the shaft be increased
the rollers that work with the nap will turn less quickly in a backward direction and
those that work against the nap will turn more quickly in the same direction; the
change effects in both cases an increase of resistance or energy. The action of
the two sets of cards will therefore vary at the same time and in the same proportion.
Two shafts can be used instead of one for driving the rollers and these shafts may
be situated below the drum or above it. One shaft will actuate the rollers working
with the nap and the other the rollers working against the nap. The arrangement is
more expensive than the preceding but it offers several advantages. It allows of
making the action of teasling against the nap independent of that of teasling with
the nap the two shafts are connected together by two toothed wheels and if one
of these be removed the action of the rollers which work against the nap immediately
ceases which is of advantage for finishing certain fabrics. By modifying the
respective diameters of the two toothed wheels the working energy against the nap
in relation to that with the nap is increased or diminished accordingly this again
is very useful in treating certain fabrics. The use of two shafts thus offers greater
facility in the regulation of the machine especially for manufacturers who make goods
of different kinds.
Other means of connecting the two shafts together can be employed such, for
example, as pulleys or cones with belts.
In the improved machine as the action of the successive rollers is alternately in
the two directions the tension to which the fabric is submitted by them is annulled.
The drum therefore does not drag or pull the fabric in either direction which is
an important advantage; it enables the usual drawing rollers to be for the great
part dispensed with. Another advantage derived from the improved machine is that
the whole working surface of the drum can be utilized as the rollers which work
against the nap serve not only as teasling rollers but as guide rollers regulating the
pressure of the fabric on the drum.
The internal stripper or card cleaner hereinbefore referred to is composed of a
card plate with straight teeth or of a brush fitted on a beam curved according to the
circumference described by the interior of the working rollers. The beam is suspended
to the drum shaft by two bearings which turn freely on this shaft, the height of the
card plate can be adjusted by screws. This stripper hangs by its own weight and,

page_text: all the rollers which act with the nap come successively in contact with it and are
cleaned. The flock or waste falls below the drum through spaces formed between the
rollers.
The cloth can be made to entirely or partially surround the drum by being carried
over a guide drum.
Sometimes instead of the internal card plate for stripping the rollers the rollers
which work with the nap are juxtaposed in pairs so that one strips another. Or these
rollers may be stripped by fixing under each a card plate which revolves with the
drum. For fabrics that lose much flock in the teasling operation and for which a
more energetic stripping arrangement is required an internal circular stripper like.
the ordinary external stripper can be employed; it should be suspended like the
stripper plate already described. A toothed wheel keyed on the drum shaft actuates
a pinion on the stripper which is always kept in place by its own weight.
For some purposes the outer set of rollers which have been described as those
working against the nap are used only as drawing rollers for maintaining and
regulating the tension of the fabric between the working rollers. This is useful
when the goods do not require simultaneous teasling with and against the nap. The
rollers are fitted with cards having straight teeth or are covered with plush, emery
or other material to which the fabric has a tendency to adhere. These rollers are
driven by a fixed strap one end being attached to the frame of the machine and the
other having a screw by which the tension can be regulated. The diameter of the
pulleys should be greater than that of the rollers in a proportion corresponding to
the forward speed of the fabric. If the fabric advances 36 feet per minute it will be
understood that the rollers should turn backwards by the amount that the drum turns
forwards, less 36 feet.

page_text: Improvements in Gig Mills.
A communication from abroad by LA SOCIÉTÉ GROSSELIN PÈRE ET FILS, of
1, Boulevard St. Denis, Paris, France, Machine Builders.
1. JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN of 169 Fleet Street in the City of London, Fellow
of the Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to gig mills of that kind which comprise a drum, around
which are arranged working or teasling rollers which have a variable rotary
movement, independent of the movement of the drum.
A characteristic feature of the present invention is that some of the teasling rollers
act in the reverse way to the others, although they are mounted on the same drum,
which turns in only one direction. By this means the cloth or goods can be ieasled
or dressed on one and the same drum both in the direction of the nap and against the
nap, which is indispensable for many goods and which has hitherto been effected only
by the use of several drums turning in reverse directions to each other, or by
submitting the cloth more than once to the action of the same drum, turning the cloth
round end for end each time. Besides, with these existing methods the teasling in
the two directions is not simultaneous, so that there is a loss of useful effect, especially
in dealing with felted fabrics such as cloth, and goods in which a very short thick nap
is desired.
For the purpose of the invention 1 arrange the working rollers successively the
reverse one of another, that is to say that the point of the cards or teasles being on
one roller in the direction of the rotation of the drum, the point of the cards on the
next following roller is in the direction contrary to the said rotation. Half of the
rollers are thus arranged in the one direction and half in the other. The relation
between the rollers can, however, be varied as desired; for instance two or three
rollers working with the nap can be placed between two which work against the nap
and reciprocally; the particular arrangement will depend upon the nature of the
fabric to be treated.
Further, all the rollers may be those which work against the nap, that is to say, all
the card teeth may have their points turned in the direction which is the reverse of
the rotation of the drum. This arrangement is of advantage for very light fabrics:
it enables the machine to act upon them more energetically without risk of
fretting.
In a machine or drum constructed as above described it is necessary to arange for
the simultaneous stripping or cleaning of the cards arranged in reverse directions to
each other.
With this object the rollers which act against the nap are placed on the

page_text: drum at a greater distance from the centre than those which act with the nap. The
axes of the rollers are thus not all on the same circumference; a small difference (say
half an inch) is sufficient, but it can be more if thought .better. A circular stripper
placed outside the drum cleans the cards of the rollers that work against the nap, that
is to say those arranged on the larger diameter. An internal siripper cleans the cards
of the other rollers, that is to say those arranged on the smaller diameter. This
internal stripper constitutes a characteristic feature of the improved machine and is
hereinafter described.
In a machine constructed as above explained it is necessary to provide for varying
the energy of the cards, that is to say, to give a more or less rapid rotation to the
working rollers, a method which has hitherto only been applied to rollers turning in
the same direction. For this purpose each roller is provided with a drag or brake
pulley of a diameter equal to that of the roller. The pulleys of the rollers that work
with the nap are placed as usual outside the bearings of the drum; the pulleys of the
rollers that work against the nap are on the contrary placed inside these bearings.
The pulleys of the rollers working with the nap are driven from a shaft at a variable
speed by an uncrossed belt; the other pulleys are driven from the same shaft by a
crossed belt. It will thus be understood that if the speed of the shaft be increased
the rollers that work with the nap will turn less quickly in a backward direction, and
those that work against the nap will turn more quickly in the same direction; the
change effects in both cases an increase of resistance or energy. The action of the
two sets of cards will therefore vary at the same time and in the same proportion.
Two shafts can be used instead of one for driving the rollers, and these shafts may
he situated below the drum or above it (as seen in Figure 1 of the drawings in
which G, C are the two shafts). One shaft will actuate the rollers working with the
nap and the other the rollers working against the nap. The arrangement is more
expensive than the preceding but it offers several advantages. It allows the action of
teasling against the nap to be made independent of that of teasling with the nap; the two
shafts are connected together by two toothed wheels e, a, and if one of these be removed
the action of the rollers which work against the nap immediately ceases, which is of
advantage for finishing certain fabrics. By modifying the respective diameters of the
two toothed wheels, a the working energy against the nap in relation to that with
the nap is increased or diminished accordingly; this again is very useful in treating
certain fabrics. The use of the two shafts CC thus offers greater facility in the
regulation of the machine, especially for manufacturers who make goods of different
kinds.
Other means of connecting the two shafts together can be employed, such for
example as pulleys or cones with belts.
In the improved machine, as the action of the successive rollers is alternately in the
two directions the tension to which the fabric is submitted by them is annulled. The
drum therefore does not drag or pull the fabric in either direction, which is an
important advantage; it enables the usual drawing rollers to be for the great part
dispensed with. Another advantage derived from the improved machine is that the
whole working surface of the drum can be utilized, as the rollers which work against
the nap serve not only as teasling rollers, but as guide rollers regulating the pressure
of the fabric on the drum.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is a side
mill. Figure 1 is a plan of the working rollers.
drum.
elevation of the improved gig
Figure 1º is a section of the
A is the drum furnished with 14 working or teasling rollers of which the seven
marked T works against the nap and the seven marked T work with the nap. Tho
rollers T carry within their bearings pulleys B over-which passes a crossed beit
driven by the shaft C. The rollers T carry outside their bearings similar pulleys B²
over which passes an uncrossed belt driven by the shaft C. The pulleys B' and B³
are of the same diameter as the rollers. The roliers T and T2 all travel round with
the drum, the result of which is that if the shaft C is stopped, the cards of all the
rollers have a backward development equal to the forward development of the drum

page_text: and do not act on the cloth. This is the minimum energy of the drum. If the
shaft C is driven in the direction indicated by the arrow the rollers T will have their
backward movement diminished and the rollers T¹ will have their backward movement
accelerated in the same proportion. They will therefore effect an amount of work
equivalent or in proportion to the speed of the shaft C. The different speeds of the
shaft can be produced by means of two stepped cone pulleys, or by any other suitable
kind of differential motion. It will be seen that the driving pulleys on the shaft are
of larger diameter for actuating the rollers T which work against the nap. The
object of this difference is to compensate for the onward travel of the fabric which
diminishes the action of the rollers that act with the nap and increases the action of
those that act against the nap.
Other means than belts can be employed for transmitting motion to the working
rollers. For example I can employ toothed pinions or wheels of leather or papier maché
acting by friction against the inner periphery of a cast iron pulley. Figure 4 shows
these two methods, that is to say the toothed pinions and the friction pulleys. Each
working roller carries at its end a pinion which gears with a wheel Z, toothed around
its inner periphery. This wheel is loose on the drum shaft and is driven by a belt
actuated by the speed regulating shaft. This regulating shaft could drive the wheel Z
by toothed gearing the wheel would then be toothed on both its outer and inner
peripheries and the regulating shaft would carry a pinion gearing with the wheel Z.
With this arrangement the rollers that work with the nap would have all their pinions
on the one side of the druin, and the rollers that work against the nap would have
theirs on the other side.
is the circular stripper for the rollers T which are arranged on the larger
circumference of the drum. H is the internal stripper for cleaning the rollers T². It
is composed of a card plate with straight teeth or of a brush fitted on a beam curved
according to the circumference described by the interior of the working rollers. The
beam is suspended to the shaft of the drum A by two bearings which turn freely on
this shaft; the height of the card plate can be adjusted by screws. This stripper
bangs by its own weight and all the rollers T2 which act with the nap come
successively in contact with it and are cleaned. The flock or waste falls below the
drum through spaces formed between the rollers.
The cloth can be made to entirely or partially surround the drum by being carried
over a guide drum.
Sometimes instead of the internal card plate for stripping the rollers the rollers
which work with the nap are juxtaposed in pairs so that one strips another. This
modification is represented in Figure 2. Or these rollers may be stripped by fixing
under each a card plate which revolves with the drum. Figure 2ª represents another
arrangement which is adapted for fabrics that lose much flock in the teasling operation
and for which a more energetic stripping arrangement is required. In this arrange-
ment I employ an internal circular stripper like the external stripper; it is suspended
like the stripper plate already described and it can be adjusted relatively. to the
circumference of the rollers. A toothed wheel y keyed on the shaft of the
drum A actuates a pinion on the stripper which is always kept in place by its own
weight.
For some purposes the outer set of rollers which have been described as those
working against the nap are used only as. drawing rollers for maintaining and
regulating the tension of the fabric between the working rollers. This modification is
represented in Figure 3 and is useful when the goods do not require simultaneous
teasling with and against the nap. The rollers are fitted with cards having straight
teeth or are covered with plush emery or other material to which the fabric has a
tendency to adhere. These rollers are driven by a fixed strap one end being attached to
the frame of the machine and the other having a screw by which the tension can be
regulated. The diameter of the pulleys should be greater than that of the rollers in a
proportion corresponding to the forward speed of the fabric. It will be understood
that if the fabric is required to advance 36 feet per minute the rollers should turn
backwards by the amount that the drum turns forwards less 36 feet.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention as communicated to me and in what manner the same is to be performed
I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In a gig mill which comprises a drum around which are arranged working or
teasing rollers which have a variable rotary movement independent of the movement
of the drum a series of working or teasling rollers which have their cards or teasles
set in a direction which is the reverse of the rotary movement of the drum, the said
rollers having a rotary motion or backward development greater than the forward
development or movement of the drum, whereby said rollers act against the nap,
substantially as set forth.
2. In a gig mill which comprises a drum around which are arranged working or
teasling rollers which have a variable rotary movement independent of the movement
of the drum a series of rollers with cards or teasles set so as to act against the nap in
combination with a series of rollers with cards or teasles set so as to act with the nap
whereby the cloth or fabric is teasled or dressed against the nap and with the nap
simultaneously, substantially as set forth.
3. In a gig mill having a drum with two series of working or teasling rollers acting
respectively against and with the nap a wheel mounted loosely on the drum shaft and
actuated from a speed regulating shaft, in combination with pinions or wheels on the
working rollers, which pinions or wheels are driven by the said wheel, whereby rotary
axial motion is imparted to the working rollers substantially as set forth.
4. In a gig milf having a drum with two series of working or teasling rollers acting
respectively against and with the nap, an internal stripper or card cleaner for cleaning
the cards or teasles of the one series of rollers in combination with an external stripper
or card cleaner for cleaning the cards or teasles of the other series of rollers
substantially as set forth.
5. An internal stripper or card cleaner carried by a beam which is curved according
to the circumference described by the interior of the working rollers and hangs by its
own weight from the drum shaft in such position that all the rollers of one series come
successively in contact therewith during the drum's rotation and are thereby cleaned,
substantially as set forth.
6. In a gig mill the combination with a drum of two series of rollers arranged
around same, the one series of rollers being fitted with cards or teasles for acting upon
the cloth or fabric and the other series being fitted with cards having straight teeth or
with a material to which the cloth or fabric has a tendency to adhere, the second series
of-rollers rotating on their axes in the reverse direction to the rotation of the drum at
a circumferential speed which is as much less that of the drum as is equal to the speed
at which the fabric is required to travel through the machine substantially as set
forth.