Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Oct., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 30th July, 1897-Accepted, 2nd Oct., 1897
I, JULIUS FIEDLER, of Goltz-Strasse 45, Berlin, in the German Empire, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in wire cards and metallic teasels.
The teeth of wire teasels as hitherto made, have not met at all the requirements
of a good card.
The two teeth of one twice rectangularly bent piece of wire have been bent forward
at an angle of about 150°. The way in which such teeth have been held to the back
of the card, has imparted to them a certain degree of elasticity or play, but one that
has been less than sufficient to prevent them breaking such of the threads or fibres
as they catch.
In the case of angularly bent teeth, the points of which are in advance of their
sockets in the back of the card, these points sometimes catch in the cloth and are
bent backwards. This bending backwards places the points at a lower level, and
they, consequently, dig into the cloth and tear the fibres of it, instead of only
raising them.
To prevent such digging, curved teeth have been used, the curves standing concave
to the front and the points of the teeth standing normally behind the respective
sockets, and their bottom edges parallel with the cloth under them, so that when they
were bent back, they stood at a higher, instead of at the lower level above mentioned.
But even this type of tooth failed to achieve the desired result.
It is believed that the present invention obviates all the drawbacks incidental to
the different types of teeth hitherto known and used.
The objects of the present invention are to make the teeth non-liable to dig into
the cloth, to make them more elastic than heretofore and to give them improved
because stronger points.
In carrying it into effect, a pair of tteeh formed out of a twice rectangularly
(or nearly so) bent piece of wire, are straight from the angles (i.e., perpendicular to
the lie of the cloth to be carded) for the length of their sockets in the card back.
From the said angles they are bent backwards and then to the front, following a
curve, whereby the point acquires an exaggerated contour.
In order that the point of the tooth may have a tapered form, its sides are
flattened in planes at right angles with a line drawn from one to the other of the
pair of teeth."
The first object, viz.:-the prevention of the teeth getting into the lower level
above referred to, is accomplished by the point of the tooth not standing in front of
the straight portion above mentioned. Hence, if the tooth is bent hack, it will not
dig into the cloth but either remains at the same level or is raised a little only. Of
course, it is not necessary that the point should extend to the front as far as the straight
portion, for it may stop at a point behind that. In no case, however, may it extend
too far for that would prevent the desired result being obtained.
The increased elasticity is acquired by flattening the wires at the junctions of the
above mentioned straight portions with the bent portions, the flats being in the
same plane as the above described flats or the points. These flattened portions act

page_text: as springs to the extent of preventing the straight portions moving in the card
back, and so prevent the sockets being worn too large to hold the respective portions
steady. In view of this increased elasticity of the wire, teeth, the straight portions
are free from vibration during the time the teeth are in work, whereby a steady
holding of the teeth in the back is secured.
As already stated, the points also may be flattened or beaten to produce tapered
points, the bottom edges being ground off to a horizontal line. If this grinding off
is dispensed with, the teeth can be used without points in cards for dressing, finishing
or teasing.
The teeth above described are also adapted for use in teasing to machines, as well
as on cards, and the like, and may, for that reason, be substituted for natural teasels
wherever the latter have hitherto been used.
My invention does not limit me in choice of metal for my improved teeth. Any
one sufficiently hard may be employed and the teeth may be made of any suitable
strength or size.
DOLL 1
PHILLIPS & LEIGH,
Agents for the Applicant.
I, JULIUS FIEDLER, of Goltz-Strasse, 45, Berlin, in the German Empire, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invertion and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
The so-called card-clothings are to replace teaseling cards of fuller's thistle, the
natural teasel. The quality of the clothing not only depends upon the condition of
the insertion material and the quality of the wire used, but also upon the elasticity
of the small hooks (crotchets) and upon the form of the same.
Obviously, it is desirable to give elasticity to the metal hooks, at the points, as
is possessed by the natural teasel or fuller's thistle, but the hitherto adopted forms
of the hooks did not fully satisfy the requirements in this respect, of a good card.
The two members of the U-shaped hook were bent to about an angle of 150°. In
view of their disposition in the clothing material the hooks receive a certain amount
of play, but this moveability is not sufficient to prevent the threads caught by the
hooks from tearing.
Another disadvantage lying in the use of angular hooks is that the hooks after
their catching in the cloth become somewhat bent backwards, making the distance
between the point and the covering-material greater, as is shown in the annexed
drawing in Figure 1 where one, the right hand one, is bent backwards. Through
this backwards bending the points are caused to penetrate the web, and tear the
threads, which should only have been drawn forth and not torn or broken. In order
to prevent the penetration of the hooks into the web, a semi-circular form has
sometimes been given to them, in such a way that the lower part of the semicircle,
which forms the point, was lying in the same direction as the web, so that undue
penetration of the points into the stuff could not occur in view of their position
being parallel with the stuff.
But also by this arrangement the result aimed at was not attained. The present
invention fully overcomes the above-named disadvantages. I have observed the
true causes of the same and have removed the defects by giving to the hooks a
novel form.
As shown in the Figures 3 and 5 of the annexed drawing, the hooks possess as
hitherto an U-formed shape, the two members adjoining the cross bridge nearly at

page_text: right angles, and at the top end are straight, but the lower portion describes an are
or curve first backwards and then forwards, whereby the point receives a somewhat
elongated form, as shown in Figure 2.
In order to give to the point of the hook a tapered form at the sides, it is beaten-
flat in the manner shown in the Figures 4, 5 and 6. The characteristic features of
the new hook therefore consist in its peculiar position and shape of shank and point
by which the point is prevented from penetrating the web, and further to obtain
a greater elasticity of the hook and a more advantageous shape of the point.
To attain the first object, that is to say to prevent any increase of the distance
between the point and the clothing material, the lower, bent part of the hook is
arranged in such a manner that the extremity of the point does not extend beyond
a vertical line from the upper straight part; which fact is shown in Figure 2 by a
dotted line.
By this provision the point, should the hook become bent backwards, by a knot
or inequality in the fabric, does not penetrate it, but either remains the same height
or becomes only very slightly lifted. Of course it is not necessary that the point
should extend to the dotted line in Figure 2, it might stand off a little, but in no
case extend very far, as the intended effect then cannot be obtained.
The greater elasticity of the hooks is obtained by the wire, at the place where
the bent part adjoins the upper straight part, being flattened, as indicated in
Figures 2 to 6 at a. Thereby this small flat-beaten piece of the wire acts as a spring
with a certain amount of play and so prevents a greater motion of the upper
straight parts in the clothing-material, and so prevent the holes in which the hooks
are supported, becoming enlarged and the hooks thereby loosened. In view of the
greater elasticity of the wire the upper parts are kept more steady during the
moving of the hooks and therefore secure a firmer hold.
As already stated, the lower ends can also be flattened at b, as shewn in Figures 4
to 6 in order to produce a point which is also tapered at the sides, after having
ground off the piece b', shown in Figure 6 in dotted lines.
The hooks above described can be used for coverings for gig-mill cards and the
like and in all other cases, where teasels are made use of.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is;-
1. A hook for teazling fabrics, characterized by having a straight upper and a
curved lower part, the point of which curved part does not project beyond a vertical
one drawn from the straight upper part, substantially as described and illustrated.
2. A hook for teazling fabrics, characterized by having a straight upper and a
curved lower part, the juncture of the two parts being diminished in thickness to
form a spring to give flexibility to the hook, substantially as described and illustrated.
3. A hook for teazling fabrics, consisting of a straight upper and a curved lower
part, a spring juncture adapted to give flexibility to the hook and a point flattened
on its sides, substantially as described and illustrated.
4. A hook for teazling fabrics constructed substantially as herein described and
illustrated.
PHILLIPS & LEIGH,
No. 22 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.