Improvements in and relating to Thrust and other Bearings.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Dec., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 15th Oct., 1891-Accepted, 12th Dec., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by GEORGE FREDERICK SIMONDS, of Fitchburg,
Massachusetts, United States of America, Engineer.]
Improvements in and relating to Thrust and other Bearings.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine Lake & Co., Patent Agents,
45 Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:
―
This invention relates to thrust and other bearings in which spherical rollers or
balls are employed for diminishing the friction, and the said invention comprises
various improvements in ball-bearings of the kind or class described in. the Specifi-
cations of the following former Letters Patent granted to George Frederick'
Simonds, viz. :-No. 16,561, dated 19th October, A.D. 1889, and No. 19,089,
dated 27 November A.D. 1889.
One feature of the present invention is the provision. of elastic cushions or
packing-pieces between the removable rings or annular pieces and the parts in or
upon which the same aré secured. These cushions will yield to allow for any
differences in the thickness of the rings or in the diameter of the balls, and also to
diminish the liability of injury to the balls or bearing surfaces by sudden jars or
shocks. In some cases,
I make these cushions of sufficient thickness to diminish
vibration of the body of the vehicle to which the bearing is applied. The said
cushions are made of leather, india-rubber or other suitable material.
This improvement is applicable to various forms of ball-bearings. It is very
advantageous in the case of a thrust-bearing wherein concentric pairs of rings with
balls between the rings of each pair are arranged in combination with each other..
Another feature of the said invention is the combination, on the same support
or pedestal, of ball-bearings for resisting the. thrust or end-pressure of a screw-
propeller or other shaft, and ball-bearings for supporting or resisting the radial
pressure or sustaining the weight of the said shaft.
Another feature of the said invention is the provision which I make for excluding
dust and water or moisture from the bearing by means of one or more packing-
rings of leather or other suitable material, which are secured in annular grooves or
channels formed in the tubular pieces or sleeves, or in the outer box or casing, or
in rings screwed or otherwise secured in the said sleeves or box. For instance I
make an axle-bearing which comprises a tubular piece or sleeve having an annular
collar or rib midway between its ends, a ring or annular piece screwed upon its
inner end and having an annular groove containing a packing-ring, tubular pieces
or sleeves surrounding the aforesaid sleeve and each having an inwardly projecting
rib or collar, balls for resisting end-pressure or thrust and radial pressure, arranged
between the inner and outer tubular pieces or sleeves, and a screw-bolt which is
screwed into the axle and is adapted to engage with the inner sleeve and retain the
same upon the axle. I also arrange a packing-ring in a groove in an internal
flange of the box or casing, so that it bears against the aforesaid screw-threaded
ring. And I fit a screw-cap in the outer end of the said box or casing to close
this end of the bearing. I prefer to provide a screw-threaded ring upon the outer
as well as upon the inner end of the inner sleeve, for the purpose of retaining the
balls in place when the bearing is removed from the axle. For retaining the
aforesaid screw-bolt in position when tightened, I provide the said bolt with a
spring locking-pin fitted in a hole or cavity in the head of the bolt and adapted to
engage with one or other of a series of holes in the axle. I sometimes provide the
locking-pin with a head formed with a projection whereby the said locking-pin may
be held out of engagement with the axle.

page_text: A
In another form of the improved bearing, provision is made whereby a single
annular series or group of balls will serve for resisting thrust or end-pressure in
both directions. For this purpose I provide the shaft, or the ring, tube or sleeve
fixed thereon, with an annular collar or rib having in its periphery a V-shaped
groove or channel. Two rings or annular pieces surround this collar, and their
adjacent edges are bevelled so as to form, with the said V-shaped groove, an annular
channel which is rectangular, or substantially rectangular in transverse section.
single series or group of balls is arranged within this channel and the said balls
bear against the four sides of the said channel. The said balls will, therefore,
prevent end wise motion of the shaft or axle in either direction. I provide one or
more series or groups of balls for supporting or resisting radial pressure. And I
arrange one or more packing-rings in grooves in the outer rings or annular pieces,
so that they will bear against the shaft or axle or against the ring, tube or sleeve
fixed thereon.
For securing the sleeve on the shaft, I sometimes provide the said sleeve with a
screw-threaded hole extending through the collar thereof at right angles to the axis
of the shaft and I fit a countersunk screw therein, and form a recess or flat upon
the shaft to receive the end of the said screw. In some instances, I make a simple
form of bearing as follows, viz. :-I arrange on each side of the said collar a
series or group of balls, and I enclose the same by a tubular piece or sleeve in
each end of which is screwed a ring having an internal groove containing a
packing-ring.
In another form of the said bearing, the shaft is provided with an annular collar
or rib, on each side of which is arranged a ring or annular piece having an internal
collar or rib. These rings are held in a suitable box or casing, and balls for
resisting thrust are arranged between the collars on the said rings and that on the
shaft. Other balls for supporting or resisting radial pressure are, moreover,
arranged between the said rings and the shaft. Screw-threaded rings are, if desired,
screwed upon the shaft to retain these balls in place.
The present invention, moreover, comprises improved devices for enclosing and
holding the balls in such a manner that they can be readily placed in or removed
from their operative position in the hearing, and without liability to disturbance of
the arrangement of the said balls by the manipulations incidental to their removal
and replacement. For example, I provide an annular cage so constructed that,
when the balls are inserted therein, they will protrude a short distance therefrom,
and will, when inserted with the cage into their places in the bearing, be adapted
either for resisting radial pressure, or for resisting thrust, or for resisting both
radial pressure and thrust, and will have sufficient play in the said cage to avoid
undue friction.
I sometimes so construct the cage that it will contain a single series or group of
balls which, when placed with the cage in the bearing, will be adapted for resisting
thrust in both directions and radial pressure in one direction. In other instances I
make the cage so that it will contain two or more concentric series or groups of
balls for resisting thrust or end-pressure.
The improved cage is provided at one end with a removable cap ior retaining
the balls in place therein. Or the said cage is formed in halves which are united,
by screws or otherwise, after the balls are placed between them.
A very advantageous form of my improved axle-bearing is constructed as follows,
that is to say -Several annular series or groups of balls for supporting or resisting
radial pressure are arranged between the shaft or axle and the box or casing, or
between tubes or sleeves secured thereon and therein, with or without a cage or
holder for facilitating the insertion of the balls in, and their removal from the
bearing. For receiving and distributing the thrust or end-pressure of the shaft or
axle, I provide at the end of the said shaft or axle a device comprising balls
arranged between stationary and rotatable discs or hardened bearing surfaces.
find it advantageous to attach this device to a cap or cover for closing the outer
end of the bearing. For instance secure the stationary disc or bearing surface,
I

page_text: by screws or otherwise, to the said cap or cover, and I fit the rotatable disc or
bearing surface upon a pin, stud or bolt fixed in the stationary disc. Between
these dises I arrange an annular series or group of balls, or two or more concentric
series or groups of balls, preferably contained in a cage or holder so that they can
be readily removed and replaced.
Dated this 16th day of December 1890.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Thrust and other Bearings.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE of the firm of Haseltine Lake & Co., Patent
Agents 45 Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to thrust and other bearings in which spherical rollers or
balls are employed for diminishing the friction, and the said invention comprises
various improvements in ball-bearings of the kind or class described in the Specifi-
cations of the following former Letters Patent granted to George F. Simonds
viz. :-No. 16561 dated 19th October A.D. 1889, and No. 19089 dated 27th
November A.D. 1889.
The object of the first part of my invention is to provide an improved bearing
for resisting or transmitting the end-thrust or end-pressure of screw-propeller and
other shafts, and also a bearing or bearings for taking the radial pressure of such
shafts.
This part of my invention comprises the combination with a rotary shaft and
parts secured from longitudinal movement thereon and revolving therewith, of
stationary or non-rotating parts surrounding said shaft adjacent to the said rotating
parts, and concentric series or groups of spherical rollers or balls arranged between
and bearing against the parallel plane surfaces of said rotating and non-rotating
parts to roll thereon and resist the longitudinal or end-thrust of said shaft in either
direction. My invention also comprises the combination with a rotary shaft and a
rotating part carried by said shaft and secured from longitudinal movement
thereon, of a stationary or non-rotating part surrounding said shaft, adjacent to
the said rotating part, concentric pairs of adjacent L-shaped rings or annular
pieces supported between and by said rotating and non-rotating parts, and concentric
series or groups of spherical rollers or balls arranged between and bearing against
the parallel plane surfaces of said rings or annular pieces to roll thereon and resist
longitudinal or end-thrusts of the shaft. My invention also comprises the combi-
nation, with a rotary shaft or part, a stationary or non-rotating part and spherical
rollers or balls arranged between said rotating and non-rotating parts, of an elastic
washer or packing to cushion the force of pressure or blows.
My invention further comprises a propeller shaft or other shaft, provided with
circular series of spherical rollers or balls arranged in concentric series or groups
to resist longitudinal pressure, and other circular series of spherical rollers or balls
arranged to support the radial pressure or weight of the shaft and the whole
supported in a suitable bed or frame work from which the said shaft and its ball
bearings can be readily removed in a body.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation illustrating my said improvements
in bearings for propeller and other shafts.
Figure 2 is an end elevation of the same, and
Figure 3 is a detail sectional view, illustrating a modification in which the

page_text: concentric series of balls are separated by concentric series of hoops that are
supported in slots formed in one of the ball enclosing rings or annular pieces to
retain the balls in circular series.
In these figures A, is a shaft having a circumferential rib, projection or
collar A' thereon.
B, B are annular discs secured to the shaft A on each side of the circumferential
rib, projection or collar A' and which revolve with said shaft. C is a base plate or
support having standards D, D located opposite to each other. E is a bolt that
connects the lower ends of the standards D, D and is preferably screw threaded
throughout its entire length. F, F are nuts to secure the bolt E to the standards.
G, G are stationary or non-rotary annular discs each having upper and lower radial
arms G, G'. The upper arms G₁ of the opposite stationary discs G are
bifurcated to engage screw-bolts H of sufficient length to rest in notches or
slots D' formed in the upper ends of the standards D on each side of the shaft, and
.while, resting in said notches or slots the bolts H, H are secured in. place by
nuts J J on opposite sides of the standards. The bifurcated lower arms of the
stationary discs G are adapted to engage and rest on the screw bolt E, and the said
discs are adjustable to and from each other along the bolts E and H by means of
adjusting nuts K, K on said bolts.
The stationary discs G, G are centrally perforated for passage of the shaft A
but are not in contact therewith, being supported independently of said shaft by
'means of the bolts E and H as above described.
Between the revolving discs B and the stationary or non-rotating discs G are
arranged the inner and outer L-shaped rings or flanged annular pieces a, b which
are formed with concentric surfaces a', 6' and with plain bearing surfaces a², 63
parallel to each other and at right angles to the said concentric surfaces. In the
annular channels or cavities thus formed between the rings or annular pieces a, b
are placed the spherical rollers or balls c arranged in concentric series or groups
bearing on the parallel plane surfaces a³, 63, while retained in place by the
concentric surfaces a', of said rings a, b as shown in Figure 1, or by the
separating hoops d placed between the several circular series of balls c as shown in
Figure 3.
The direction of the pressure upon the balls c is clearly indicated in Figures 1
and 3 by dotted lines passing horizontally through the points of contact of the
balls, with the parallel plane surfaces.
In Figure I have shown the concentric series or groups of balls c arranged
between the concentric and plane parallel surfaces of several concentric pairs of
L-shaped rings or flanged annular pieces a, b that are held in place between the
revolving discs B and stationary or non-rotating discs G, as shown. The discs B
are each provided with an annular shoulder e on which the concentric rings a are
supported and the discs G are each provided with an annular shoulder, by which
the concentric rings bare retained in place. Between these discs B, G and the
rings or annular pieces a, b are placed annular washers or packing rings 9, 9 that
are also held in place by the shoulders e, f. These washers 9, 9 are made of
leather, rubber or other suitable elastic material, that will compensate for any
slight inequalities in the fit of the discs or rings. It will be seen that by means of
the adjusting nuts K, K on the screws E and H the stationary or non-rotating
discs G can be adjusted inward, as required, to take up any slight wear of the rings
and cause the parts to be held in proper operative position.
By arranging the discs B, G and interposed bearing devices as described on each
side of the rib-projection or collar A which secures them from longitudinal
movement on the shaft A, effective and reliable provision is made for resisting or
transmitting the end-thrust or longitudinal pressure of the shaft A from either
direction in which it may be exerted, and the friction is reduced to a minimum.
Instead of the concentric pairs of L-shaped rings or annular pieces a, b shown in
Figure 1, I may place between the discs B, G a single pair of L-shaped rings or
annular pieces a,
b enclosing concentric series or groups of balls c separated and

page_text: retained in circular series by concentric hoops d that are secured in concentric slots
or grooves formed in one of said L-shaped rings or annular pieces as shown in
Figure 3.
For the purpose of supporting the shaft A and resisting the radial pressure, the
standards D, D are each provided with a box M, having a removable cap or
cover N, provided with screw bolts k, k Figure 2 for holding it in place.
Surrounding the shaft A within each box M is a T-shaped sleeve or tube as having
a central circumferential rib, projection or collar a that extends into the space
between the internal flanges on the outer ends of rings or annular pieces that
are located end to end in the box M, as shown in Figure 1, with balls or spherical
rollers c, arranged between and rolling on the concentric surfaces of said
sleeve a³ and rings, and retained in place by the parallel surfaces of the collar a
and opposite flanges 6 the pressure on said balls being radial as indicated by the
vertical dotted lines.
In the box or case M surrounding the annular flanged rings ³, 1 prefer to place
a packing band or ring g' of leather, rubber or other elastic material adapted to
cushion the bearings.
It will be observed that by opening the boxes or cases M, M and loosening the
nuts J, J and K, K the shaft with the ball bearings can be bodily removed from
the supporting frame-work.
Another part of my invention has for its objects to provide a novel, durable and
efficient ball-bearing for rotary journals such as railway-car axles; to provide
novel means for sustaining cr supporting the radial pressure or weight and counter-
acting end wise thrusts of the axle or journal, to provide a novel duplex packing at
the inner end of a ball-bearing, to provide a novel construction of ball-bearing
whereby the individual parts can be conveniently and rapidly assembled, and
introduced within the axle box into correct working position on the axle or journal;
to provide novel means for securing a ball bearing on an axle or journal and within
an axle box for avoiding the possibility of parts becoming loose or disarranged
during the travel of the car, and finally to generally improve the anti-friction
bearings of car axles to render them more practical and efficient.
Figure 4 of the accompanying drawings represents in longitudinal section an
improved ball-bearing constructed according to this part of my invention showing a
portion of the car-axle or journal in elevation and a portion in section.
In this drawing, the numeral 1, indicates a car-axle, and 2 the journal or spindle
thereof which is introduced into the car-axle box 3 to revolve therein, such box
being in practice loosely connected with the body of the car. as usual to permit the
car body to rise and fall while the box sustains the weight on the axle or journal.
The inner end portion of the box is formed with a flange 4, projecting towards the
axle and having its inner surface, provided with an annular groove 5 semi-circular
or approximately so in cross section and containing an annular packing 6 of any
material suitable for the conditions required.
A tubular piece or sleeve 7 is properly fitted upon the journal 2 of the axle, and
its extremities are furnished with external screw threads 8 and 9 while centrally
between the screw-threaded extremities the tubular piece or sleeve is formed with
an annular projecting collar or rib 10, the side walls of which are arranged at right
angles to the axis of the axle. An annulus 12 is screwed upon the threaded
portion 8 at the inner end of the tubular piece or sleeve, said annulus having an
annular groove 13 which is semi-circular or approximately so in cross-section and
contains a packing similar to the packing in the groove 5 of the axie box.
The inner side or wall of the annulus 12 bears against the packing in the
groove 5, while the packing carried by the annulus 12 bears against the inside of
the inner one of two rings or annular pieces 14 which accurately fit the interior of
the axle box and are approximately co-extensive in length therewith. The rings
or annular pieces are each provided with an inwardly projecting annular rib or
collar 15 in proximity to the collar or rib on the tubular piece or sleeve 7 and in

page_text: the annular spaces between the rib or collar of the tubular piece or sleeve and the
ribs or collars of the rings or annular pieces are arranged two annular sets of
spherical rollers or balls 16 which bear against the adjacent side surfaces of the
ribs or collars 10 and 15.
These two annular sets of spherical rollers or balls serve to counteract the
endwise thrust of the axle or journal in both directions, while to sustain or support
the radial pressure or weight of the car body, I provide annular sets of spherical
rollers or balls 17 between the tubular piece or sleeve 7, and each ring or annular
piece 14.
I have illustrated three annular sets of spherical rollers or balls 17 between the
annulus 12 and the rib or collar 15 on the inner ring or annular piece 14, and a
similar arrangement of spherical rollers or balls is provided between the rib or
collar 15 on the outer ring or annular piece 14, and a screw ring 18 engaged with
the screw threads 9 at the outer ends of the tubular piece or sleeve 7.
The several sets of spherical rollers or balls are separated from each other by
interposed rings or discs 19.
The ball bearing, comprising the tubular piece or sleeve 7, the rings or annular
pieces 14, and the annular sets of spherical rollers or balls arranged as described, is
adapted to be inserted within the axle-box into correct position of the car-axle, in
which position the rings or annular pieces 14 will, bear against a shouldered part 20
of the axle-box, while the annulus 12 will bear against the packing 6, and the
inner end of the tubular piece or sleeve 7 will bear against a shoulder 21 on the
car-axle.
To retain the parts of the ball bearing in proper position within the axle box on
the car axle, I provide a screw bolt 22 having its threaded portion 23 engaged with
a screw threaded socket 24 formed axially in the outer end of the car axle or
journal. The head of this screw bolt is preferably circular and of such diameter as
to project beyond and overlay the outer end portion of the tubular piece or sleeve 7
in such manner that when the parts are assembled in the position shown in the
drawing, and the bolt is engaged with the axle as explained, the head of the bolt
constitutes an abutment that firmly and substantially secures the tubular piece or
sleeve and the rings or annular pieces of the ball-bearing on the axle and within the
axle box.
To prevent the possibility of the bolt becoming loose during the travel of the car,
I provide it with a spring locking pin 24 having its inner end adapted to engage
one of a series of locking recesses 25 formed in the outer end of the car axle or
journal and arranged in an annular row concentric with the screw-threaded socket
in such axle or journal.
To exclude dust, dirt and other objectionable matter and also to aid in retaining
the ball-bearing within the axle box I provide the imperforate screw cap 26,
having a screw threaded flange 27 engaged with a screw thread formed in the
outer end of the axle box and resting against the outer ring or annular piece 11.
The screw cap is rigidly locked in its adjusted position and prevented from
accidentally working loose by means of a locking-screw 28 which passes transversely
through the axle box and engages with a screw threaded orifice 29 in the flange 27
of the screw cap.
By the construction described and shown, I provide a novel durable and efficient
ball bearing which sustains the radial pressure and counteracts end wise thrusts of
the axle or journal, while the duplex packing is very efficient for the conditions
required to exclude dust, dirt or other foreign matter, and the ball bearing is
confined within the axle box in correct working position on the axle or journal
without the possibility of any part becoming loose or disarranged during the travel
of the car.
The annulus 12 and the screw ring 18 serve to retain the end sets of rollers or
balls in their proper channels as will be obvious.
The spherical rollers or balls 16 which resist endwise thrusts of the car-axle or

page_text: Journal have no pressure supporting contact with the rings or annular pieces 14,
but bear against the parallel, adjacent surfaces of the ribs or collars 10 and 15, to
resist the end wise thrusts.
The spherical rollers or balls 17 do not sustain end vise thrusts of the shafts, but
have pressure supporting contact with the rings or annular pieces 14, and, in
consequence of this arrangement, the annular sets of spherical rollers or balls 16
alone serve for resisting end wise thrust of the axle, while the radial pressure or
weight is sustained or supported by distinct annular sets of spherical rollers or
balls.
To permit convenient and prompt detachment of the screw bolt which locks the
ball-bearing in position, the locking pin is acted on by a spring 30, which serves
to automatically throw the pin into locking engagement with the axle. The
head 31 of this locking pin should be provided with means to enable the pin to be
held from engagement with the axle, and to accomplish this result I provide the
inner side of the said head 31 with a toe or lug 32 adapted to enter a similarly
shaped recess or notch 33 in the bolt-head 22 when the locking pin engages the
axle, in such a manner that by drawing the pin outward from engagement with the
axle and partially rotating the locking pin to place the toe or lug out of coincidence
with the recess or notch 33, the toe or lug will bear against the outside of the
bolt-head and retain the pin free from engagement with the axle, thereby per-
mitting the bolt to be removed or replaced at will without resorting to special
tools for disengaging the pin from the axle.
To lock the bolt after its application it is only necessary to rotate the pin until
the toe or lug coincides with the recess or notch, when the spring will throw the
pin into engagement with the axle.
The object of another part of my present invention is to provide a novel
construction whereby an annular set or sets of spherical rollers or balls sustains, or
supports, the radial pressure or weight, and a single set of annular spherical rollers
or balls, fulfils the conditions required for resisting or counteracting endwise thrusts
of a shaft, or journal or axle, in contradistinction to two independent annular sets
of rollers or balls, as heretofore employed.
Referring to Figures 5, 6 and 7 of the drawings which illustrates this part of
my invention,
Figure 5 is a sectional view of a journal box having a rotating shaft provided
with my improved ball-bearing,
Figure 6 is a sectional view taken on the line, Figure 5, and
Figure 7 is a detail sectional view showing a modification of the said
improvement.
In Figures 5 and 6, 1 indicates a revolving shaft, or journal or axle, and 2 a box
of any suitable construction adapted to be secured in a fixed position, to a suitable
support, by lateral flanges 3 or other appropriate devices.
The shaft, or journal or axle, is provided with a tubular piece or sleeve 4 having
an annular projecting rib or collar 5 intermediate its ends, which collar is formed
in the outer periphery with a circular groove 6, the walls of which converge to the
bottom of the groove in such manner that the latter is V-shaped, or approximately
so, in cross-section.
In the box are arranged two independent rings or annular pieces 7 having their
adjacent or contiguous edges hevelled, so that, when the parts are properly
assembled in the box, the bevelled edges constitute a circular groove of a shape
corresponding to the form of the groove in the rib or collar on the tubular piece
or sleeve.
The outer end portion of each ring or annular piece 7 is formed with a flange 8,
containing an annular packing groove 9 to contain a packing of any material
suitable for the conditions required, such packing bearing on the tubular piece or
sleeve 4 to provide a tight joint between the parts, and thereby effectually exclude
all duet, dirt and other foreign matter from the ball-bearing.
In the circular groove of the rib or collar 4, and the rings or annular pieces 7

page_text: is arranged a single annular set of spherical rollers or balls 10, and at each side of
the rib or collar 5 is arranged an annular set of spherical rollers or balls 12, which
have a pressure supporting contact with the internal surfaces of the rings or annular
pieces, and the external surface of the tubular piece or sleeve 4, the construction
being such that the annular sets of spherical rollers or balls 12 sustain or support
the radial pressure or weight which arises in the practical use of the ball-
bearing.
The circular groove in the rib or collar and in the rings or annular pieces are so
relatively constructed that the spherical rollers or balls 10 do not sustain or
support radial pressure or weight, but merely bear against the walls of the grooves
to resist or counteract the endwise thrusts of the shaft or journal or axle in either
direction.
The ball-bearing, comprising the tubular piece or sleeve 4, the rings or annular
pieces 7, and the spherical rollers or balls, is confined within the box 2 by means
of a screw cap 13 which is screwed into the box as shown in Figure 5 and bears
against the rings or annular pieces 7 for the purpose of properly retaining the
latter in correct position, in consequence of which the entire ball-bearing is
preserved in correct working position, and accidental disengagement of the parts
is effectually prevented.
In the modification shown in Figure 7 1 illustrate my invention in a construction
where a single annular set of spherical rollers or balls 12 sustain or support the
radial pressure or weight, while a single annular set of spherical rollers or balls 10
resist or counteract the endwise thrust of the axle or journal 14 in either
direction.
The axle or journal 14 constitutes a bearing surface as does the tubular piece
or sleeve 4 exhibited in Figures 5 and 6, and this bearing surface 14 in Figure 7 is
provided with an annular collar 5, the same as the tubular piece or sleeve 4 in
Figure 5. The periphery of the collar 5, is formed with a circular groove 6, the
walls of which converge towards the bottom of the groove. The annular set of
spherical rollers or balls 12, rest upon the bearing surface or axle 14, and against
the internal surface of the part 15, which part may be the hub of a wheel, or other
device. The hub is provided with a flange 16 containing an annular packing
groove 17, for the purpose of receiving a suitable packing to make a tight joint
between the wheel hub and the axle, for excluding dust, dirt and other foreign
matter.
The wheel hub is provided with a chamber having a bevelled wall 18, which, in
conjunction with the bevelled wall 19 of a screw cap 20, forms or constitutes an
annular groove 21, the walls of which converge towards the bottom of the groove
in such manner that the annular set of spherical rollers or balls 10 are seated or
combined in such groove.
The construction of the parts is such that the annular set of spherical rollers or
balls 10, does not have a pressure supporting contact with the wheel-hub, but
merely such lateral contact as will resist or counteract the endwise thrusts of the
axle or journal in either direction, but the annular set of spherical rollers or
balls 12, have a pressure supporting contact with the wheel-hub and consequently
they fulfil the conditions required for sustaining or supporting the radial pressure
or weight.
In each of the constructions illustrated, the annular set of spherical rollers or
balls 12, have no pressure supporting contact with the annular rib or collar 5, and
the flange which contains the packing, in consequence of which such annular set
of spherical rollers or balls does not operate to resist or counteract endwise thrusts
of the axle or journal.
By this part of my invention, an annular set or sets of spherical rollers or
balls operates to sustain or support the radial pressure or weight, while a single
annular set of spherical rollers or balls serves to resist or counteract endwise
thrusts of a shaft or journal or axle in either direction, and by this means a very
economical ball-bearing is provided.

page_text: It will be observed that the bearing surface 4 or 14 IS CONC
surface on the ring or rings 7, or on the part 15, and further that the rib or
collar 5, is formed with a plane surface, one or more, parallel with a plane surface
on the Hange of the ring or rings 7, or the part 15. By this construction the
concentric surfaces are at right angles to the parallel plane surfaces and the
spherical rollers or balls bear and roll upon the concentric surfaces at diametrically
opposite points, while the parallel plane surfaces merely retain the spherical rollers
or balls in place.
Another bearing constructed according to my invention is shown in Figures 8
and 9 of the drawings,
Figure 8 being a plan view, partly in section of one form of the bearing, and
Figure 9 a similar view showing a modification.
Referring to Figure 8, the numeral 1, indicates the lower section or half box of
the bearing having flanges 2, or otherwise constructed to be secured in a stationary
position on a suitable support. In practice the upper section or half of the box is
of a like construction except as to the flanges, and is adapted to be secured by
bolts or similar fastenings to the lower section in the usual manner.
The cylindrical shaft or journal is formed integral with an annular rib or collar 4
having its side walls or surfaces arranged at right angles to the axis of the shaft
or journal, and at each side of this rib or collar is placed a ring or annular piece 5,
formed or provided with an inwardly projecting rib or collar 6. These rings or
annular pieces are adapted to accurately fit into the box and abut against each
cther at their inner edges.
In the circular spaces or channels between the rib or collar 4, on the shaft or
journal and the ribs or collars 6, on the annular pieces are arranged two annular
sets of spherical rollers or balls 7, which bear against the parallel surfaces of the
ribs or collars, the construction being such that these annular sets of spherical rollers
or balls operate to resist or counteract endwise thrusts of the shaft or journal.
In the annular channels between the ribs or collars 6, of the rings or annular
pieces, and the end walls of the box 1, are arranged annular sets of spherical rollers
or balls 8, which have no pressure supporting contact with the end-walls of the box
or the ribs or collars of the rings or annular pieces, but have a pressure supporting
contact with the shaft or journal, and the internal surfaces of the rings or annular
pieces, in such manner that the annular sets of spherical rollers or balls 8, operate
to sustain or support radial pressure or weight.
In the modification shown in Figure 9 the shaft or journal is slightly enlarged
to form the bearing surfaces for the annular sets of spherical rollers or balls, and
the end portions of this enlargement are cut with screw-threads as at 9 to receive
screw-threaded rings 10 which serve to retain the end sets or annular rollers or
balls in their proper channels, and serve by their adjustment to compensate for
if such requirement should be essential.
wear,
By the construction described and shown, a durable efficient and economical
ball-bearing is produced which fulfils all the conditions required for reducing
friction.
It will be obvious that instead of the shaft or journal rotating it may stand
stationary while the box and its contained rings or annular pieces may be constructed
to revolve on the shaft or journal. The rib or collar 4, can be formed as an integral
part of the shaft or journal in any proper manner, as, for example, by welding a
circular band of metal on the shaft or journal in a manner well known to those
skilled in the art.
According to another part of my invention I adapt the parts to a through shaft,
and provide for excluding dust, dirt and other foreign matter from each end of the
ball bearing, also connecting the tubular pieces or sleeve with the shaft or journal
in such manner that they rotate together.
Figure 10 is a sectional plan view showing a shaft supported in ball bearings
constructed in accordance with this part of my invention, and
Figure 11 is a sectional view taken on the line xx Figure 10.

page_text: In these figures the numeral 1 indicates a shaft supported at different points by
ball-bearings located in boxes 2 and 3, such boxes being provided with flanges 4,
or other means by which to secure them in a fixed position on a suitable support.
The boxes are composed of two sections, the lower one of which is provided
with the flanges 4, while the upper one is detachably secured by bolts 5, or other
devices for the purpose of permitting it to be removed and replaced when occasion
requires.
The ball-bearing in the box 3, comprises a tubular piece or sleeve 6, rings or
annular pieces 7, and annular sets of spherical rollers or balls 8 and 9.
The tubular piece or sleeve 6, is formed intermediate its ends with an annular
rib or collar 10, the side-walls or surfaces of which are located at right angles to
the axis of the shaft, and this rib or collar is formed or provided with a screw
threaded orifice 12, to receive a screw-threaded plug or bolt 13 the inner end
position 14 of which is plane or smooth and enters a recess 15 in the shaft, in such
manner that the tubular piece or sleeve 6, is caused to revolve with the shaft, while
the latter can, if desired, slightly move lengthwise by reason of the recess 15 being
constructed lightly greater in length than in width.
This peculiar construction is particularly designed for the armature shafts of
dynamo machines where a slight longitudinal movement of the shaft is desirable.
The extremities of the tubular piece or sleeve 6 are provided with external
screw threads 16 with which are engaged screw-threaded rings 17 having their
external peripheries formed with annular packing-grooves 18 for the purpose of
containing packings of any material suitable for the conditions required to exclude
dust, dirt and other foreign matter from the ball-bearing.
The annular packings in the packing grooves bear against the internal surfaces
of the rings or annular pieces 7, to produce tight joints between the parts, and the
rings or annular pieces are each provided with an annular rib or collar 19 projecting
inwardly towards the shaft.
In the channels or spaces between the screw rings 17 and the ribs or collars 19,
are arranged the annular sets of spherical rollers or balls 8, while between the
parallel side surfaces or walls of the rib or collar 10, of the tubular piece or sleeve 6
and the ribs or collars 19, of the rings or annular pieces are arranged the annular
sets of spherical balls or rollers 9. The spherical balls or rollers 8 have no
pressure supporting contact with the adjacent parallel surface of the rings 17, and
the collars 19, but have a pressure supporting contact with the tubular piece or
sleeve 6 and the internal surfaces of the rings or annular pieces 7, in consequence
of which such spherical rollers or balls operate to sustain or support radial pressure
or weight.
The spherical rollers or balls 9 have no pressure-supporting contact with the
internal surface of the rings or annular pieces but bear against the parallel adjacent
surfaces of the rib or collar 10, on the tubular piece or sleeve 6, and the ribs or
collars 19 on the annular pieces 7 for the purpose of resisting or counteracting
endwise thrusts of the shaft.
By the construction described and shown, the tubular piece or sleeve 6 is con-
nected with the shaft in a practical and economical manner, while dust, dirt and
other foreign matter is effectually excluded from each end of a ball-bearing adapted
for a through shaft.
The box 2, is constructed in substantially the same manner as the box 3, but the
rings which contain the annular packing grooves 18, instead of being screw-threaded
and applied to the tubular piece or sleeve û, are formed integral with, or otherwise
provided on the rings or annular pieces 7, while the annular sets of spherical balls or
rollers 8, are located in the channels or spaces between the grooved and packed flanges
and the annular rib or collar 10 on the tubular piece or sleeve 6, the main object of
this construction being to provide a supplemental ball-bearing for supporting the
shaft 1, to enable the latter to run at high speed while the friction is materially
and largely reduced.
Another ball-bearing constructed according to this invention and adapted for the

page_text: wheels of cars and other heavy vehicles comprises two separate or independent
sleeves, each provided with a circumferential projection, rib or collar having
parallel plane surfaces, a tubular piece or sleeve which is flangeless or formed
without a rib or collar, and annular sets of spherical rollers or balls located between
the concentric and the plane surfaces of the rings or annular pieces and the tubular
piece or sleeve, for resisting end wise thrusts or pressure, and sustaining radial
pressure or weight, the spherical rollers or balls for resisting radial pressure or
weight being located in longitudinal planes between those which resist endwise
thrusts or pressure.
This bearing is illustrated in Figures 12 and 13.
Figure 12 is a longitudinal central sectional view of the said bearing, and
Figure 13 is an internal view of one of the screw rings which serve to carry the
packing. The numeral 1 indicates the nave or hub of a car-wheel, 2 the spindle of
a car-axle 3 the flangeless tubular piece or sleeve which is formed without any
annular projection, or rib, and 4 the two independent or separate rings or annular
pieces each of which is formed in proximity to its outermost end with an annular
projection rib or collar 5. The tubular piece or sleeve 3 is secured within the nave
or hub of the car-wheel, and is provided internally at each end with a screw thread
as at 6, in such manner that the tubular piece or sleeve comprises a plane surfaced
cylindrical tube except as to the internal screw-threaded extremities 6.
The rings or annular pieces 4 are rigidly, secured to the spindle 2 of the axle
with their external surfaces 7 concentric with the internal surface 8 of the tubular
piece or sleeve 3. The rings or annular pieces 4 abut against each other at a point
centrally between the extremities of the spindle 2, and are preferably held in
correct position upon such spindle by means of screw nuts 9 engaged with the
outer portion of the spindle, one of which nuts bears against the outer end portion
of one of the rings or annular pieces, while the other nut serves as a locking nut.
The annular projection, rib or collar 5, of each ring or annular piece, is formed
with plane parallel surfaces 10 which are located at right angles to the concentric
surfaces 7 and 8, of the rings or annular pieces and the tubular piece or sleeve.
In the space or channel between the projections, ribs or collars 5, are arranged
several annular sets of spherical rollers or balls 12, separated one set from the other
Between each of the
by interposed rings or hoops 13 of any suitable construction.
projections, ribs or collars 5, and a sectional screw-ring 14, secured into engage-
ment with the threaded extremity 6 of the tubular piece or sleeve, is arranged an
annular set of spherical rollers or balls 15. The spherical rollers or balls 12, bear
at diametrically opposite points against and roll upon the concentric surfaces 7
and 8, of the rings or annular pieces 4 and the tubular piece or sleeve 3, and are
retained in position through the medium of the rings or hoops 13 and the pro-
jections, ribs or collars 5, the construction being such that the annular sets of
spherical rollers or balls 12 serve only to sustain or support radial pressure or
weight, and to this end such spherical rollers or balls have no pressure supporting
contact with the rings or hoops 13 or the projections, ribs or collars 5.
The screw threaded rings 14 have their inner surfaces parallel to the plane
surfaces 10 of the projections ribs or collars 5, in such manner that the spherical
rollers or balls 15 bear at diametrically opposite points against the plane parallel
surfaces of the screw ring and the adjacent projection, rib or collar 5, but have no
pressure supporting contact with the concentric surfaces of the rings or annular
pieces and the tubular piece or sleeve, whereby the spherical rollers or balls 15,
only resist or counteract endwise thrust or pressure.
In the arrangement exhibited, the several annular sets of spherical rollers or
balls for resisting radial pressure or weight are located in longitudinal planes
between the annular sets of spherical rollers or balls 15 which resist or counteract
end wise thrusts or pressure. Each screw ring 14 is provided in its internal surface
with two parallel annular grooves 16 containing packing rings 17 that bear on each
ring or annular piece 4, for the purpose of making a tight joint between the parts
to effectually exclude dust, dirt, water and other foreign or objectionable sub-

page_text: stances which might damage the ball-bearing. The screw rings are each composed
of two halves or sections, see Figure 13, to enable the rings to be removed for
renewing the packing rings without disturbing the car-wheel or other parts.
By this construction and arrangement of a screw ring with a duplex packing at
each end of the ball bearing, I provide simple and efficient means for excluding
dust, dirt and water, and adapt the ball-bearing for the wheels of cars and other
heavy vehicles employing non-rotating axles.
་
The screw-threaded rings 14, are preferably locked in position by means of set
bolts or screws 18, which pass through orifices in the screw rings and have a screw
threaded engagement with the nave or hub of the car or other wheel.
Although this bearing is particularly designed for car-wheels it may be used for
heavy waggons or other vehicles, and for shafts and the like.
Figure 14 is a longitudinal central sectional view of another ball bearing adapted
for a through shaft and complete in itself, and
Figure 15 is an end view of the same.
In these figures, 1 designates a shaft on which is fixed a tubular piece or sleeve 2,
having a circumferential annular rib or collar 3 intermediate its ends. The side
walls of the rib or collar 3 are parallel with each other and at right angles to the
shaft 1 and to the exterior of the sleeve or tubular piece 2 therein. At a suitable
point in the periphery of the annular rib or collar 3, is a screw-threaded orifice 4,
to receive a screw-threaded plug or bolt 5 having its inner end portion 6 plane or
smooth and adapted to enter a recess 7 in the shaft 1 in such a manner as to connect
the said shaft and sleeve so that they will rotate together.
A flangeless tubular piece or outer sleeve 8 provided internally at each end with
screw threads 9 is arranged to form the outer portion or casing of the bearing,
which casing is completed by externally threaded rings 10 engaged with the screw
threads of said outer sleeve.
Between the parallel side walls of the annular rib 3, and the end rings 10, are
inserted annular sets of spherical rollers or balls 11 that are arranged to sustain or
support the radial pressure of a pulley and its shaft, or other similar parts to which
the bearing may be applied, while the annular rib 3 and end rings 10 serve to
separate the annular sets of spherical rollers or balls 11, and retain them in proper
position.
The internal surfaces of the end rings 10, opposite the periphery of the inner
sleeve 2 are provided with annular grooves 12 for receiving packing rings 13 of any
suitable material, and said packing rings are adapted to bear against the sleeve 2,
in such a manner as to effectually exclude the entrance of dust, dirt, moisture or
other extraneous matter that might impair the efficiency of the ball-bearing.
The spherical rollers or balls 11 have no pressure supporting contact with the
parallel side walls of the rib or collar 3, and rings 10, but bear against the con-
centric surfaces formed by the periphery of the inner sleeve 2, and the interior of
the outer sleeve 8, and thereby resist radial pressure or weight. The circum-
ferential rib 3 separates the annular sets of spherical rollers or balls 11 and the
screw rings 10, and packing rings 13 close the ends of the bearings and prevent the
access of foreign matter to the interior.
By this construction is provided a simple and effective ball-bearing complete in
all its parts for ready application to and removal from a through shaft, and
embodying also an efficient means for excluding dust, dirt and moisture. Although
this part of my invention is particularly adapted for application to pulleys, it is
obvious that it is capable of successful and convenient use in many other appliances.
The objects of another part of my invention are first to provide an improved
annular cage independent of the bearing surfaces and in which the balls for
sustaining or resisting radial pressure will be retained in a body so as to be removable
with the cage and capable of revolving in all directions with free lateral play,
whereby they are free to move in varying lines in such a manner that all parts of
the bearing surfaces will be subject to the rolling contact of said balls and the wear
and friction evenly distributed and reduced to a minimum, and second, to provide

page_text: in combination with such caged balls for sustaining radial pressure, an annular
cage for confining spherical rollers or balls to resist end pressure, and in which cage
said balls will be free to revolve in all directions in contact with the bearing
surfaces on which they act.
One form of bearing constructed according to this part of my invention is
illustrated in Figures 16 to 25 of the drawings.
Figure 16 is a longitudinal section of a ball-bearing illustrating the application
of my improved annular retaining cages to the spherical rollers or balls for resisting
radial pressure and end thrust between a wheel or other rotary part and a shaft
on which said part is mounted.
Figure 17 is a detached view of an annulus or cap for closing one end of the cago
after the spherical rollers or balls have been inserted.
Figure 18 is a perspective of one form of my improved annular cage with the
end cap and the spherical rollers or balls removed, said cage being adapted for the
reception of balls for resisting radial pressure.
Figure 19 is a view of the cage with one end partly broken away to expose
the enclosed spherical rollers or balls which are arranged to resist radial pressure.
Figure 20 is a transverse section of an annular cage with balls in position for
supporting or resisting radial pressure.
Figure 21 is a partial view of the circumference of a cage of the same character
as shown in Figures 18, 19 and 20, but of increased width to receive several circular
series of spherical rollers or balls.
Figure 22 is a view of a single circular series of spherical rollers or balls enclosed
in a cage constructed to allow the balls to protrude in four directions to take both
radial pressure and end thrust.
Figures 23 and 24 are enlarged sectional detail views of portions of the cage
illustrated in Figure 22, and
Figure 25 is an enlarged sectional detail view of a portion of a cage and one ball
of a single circular series of balls for resisting end thrust only.
Referring to Figure 16, the numeral 1 designates a shaft or axle, and 2 its spindle
on which are secured, by nuts 3 or otherwise, the abutting sleeves or rings 4, having
the circumferential projections or collars 5 near their abutting ends. The abutting
rings or sleeves 4 are surrounded by a sleeve 6 having an internal annular pro-
jection 7, midway between the collars 5 of the inner sleeves. The outer sleeve 6 is
secured in the hub 8 of a wheel or other. rotating or oscillating part and the ends
of the bearing are closed by caps 9 between which and the inner sleeves 4 are placed
packing rings 10 to exclude dust and moisture.
In the spaces between the collar 5 and caps 9 are placed annular cages 11 con-
taining spherical rollers or balls 12 that bear against and roll on the concentric
surfaces of the inner and outer sleeves to diminish friction and support or resist
radial pressure, and in the spaces between the annular projections 5 and 7 of the
inner and outer sleeves are placed annular cages 13 containing spherical rollers or
balls 14 that bear against and roll on the parallel plane surfaces of said projections
or collars 5 and 7 to resist end pressure or thrust. It will be observed that these
cages 11 and 13 are independent of the bearing surfaces against which the balls 12
and 14 act. By means of the cages 11 and 13 the balls or spherical rollers can be
handled in a body with great ease, thus facilitating their attachment to and removal
from machinery in a short time and without disarranging the proper operative
position of the balls.
The construction of the cage 11, for receiving and retaining in place the spherical
rollers or balls 12 that are to sustain or resist radial pressure only, is shown in
Figures 17 to 21. This cage 11 is preferably made by drilling an annular series
of chambers 15 in a ring or hollow cylinder of suitable metal, said chambers being
extended from one side of said ring nearly to its other side, as shown in Figure 18.
The chambers 15 are open on the periphery and corresponding inner surface of the
annular cage, and are closed at one end by the solid uncut portion of the cylinder
and at the other end by a removable annulus or cap 16, Figures 17, 19 and 20,

page_text: which is arranged to permit the insertion and removal of the spherical rollers or
balls 12, and to confine or retain them in place within the cage so that they can be
readily manipulated in a body. Between the chambers 15 are the arms or cross-
pieces 17, which form the walls of said chambers and afford attachment for the
annular cap 16 which is provided with orifices 18 to engage pins 19 on the ends of
said arms or cross-pieces. By referring to Figures 16, 19 and 20 it will be seen
that the spherical rollers or balls 12 protrude radially both within and without the
annular cage 11 in position to bear against and roll on the inner and outer con-
centric surfaces of the bearing, and it will also be seen that the capacity of the
chambers 15 is such as to allow the spherical rollers or balls 12, free lateral play
so that they will constantly present new bearing surfaces and will shift their
position to roll on and bear against a more extended area of the concentric sleeves,
thus reducing the liability of wear to a minimum, besides diminishing friction and
sustaining the required radial pressure. The cage 11 may be of such dimensions as
to hold three parallel series of balls as shown in Figure 16, or two parallel series as
shown in Figure 20. It is obvious, also, that it may be made to contain only one
circular series of spherical rollers or balls for sustaining or resisting radial pressure,
or as illustrated in Figure 21 its width may be increased to any desired degree to
adapt it for enclosing and retaining in place a large number of balls arranged in
parallel series to take radial pressure, in all of which cases the balls will be allowed
free lateral play to lessen friction as much as possible.
For resisting end pressure or thrust in most situations the cage 13 will ordinarily
be constructed to hold only one circular series of spherical rollers or balls 14 as
shown in Figure 16. This cage 13 may therefore consist of two correspondingly
perforated rings secured together in contact with each other as shown in Figure 16,
and on an enlarged scale in Figure 25 which represents a transverse section through
a portion of the annular cage with only one ball of the circular series for resisting
end thrust. The rings or half rings 20 that compose the annular cage 13 are
correspondingly perforated in a lateral direction in such a manner as to form con-
caved orifices, that when the rings are properly placed together will constitute
spherical chambers for enclosing the spherical rollers or balls 14 that protrude
from said cage laterally in two opposite directions to take the end pressure or thrust
in either direction it may be exerted. If preferred, the annular cage 13 may be
perforated internally as well as laterally in the manner shown in Figures 16 and 25,
so that while the spherical rollers or balls 14, will be in position to resist end
pressure or thrust, they may also roll on the shaft, axle or sleeve that is surrounded
by the cage and thus enable the balls to support the weight of the cage and
diminish or avoid any liability to wear of the parts.
In Figures 22, 23 and 24 I have shown a form of the annular cage 13, for only
one circular series of balls, and in which the rings or half rings 20 that compose
said cage are perforated both externally and internally as well as laterally so that
the spherical rollers or balls 14 enclosed in said cage will protrude in four directions,
two radial and two lateral, thereby enabling said balls to sustain radial pressure as
well as to resist end thrust. The rings 20 may be secured together by screw
bolts 21, as shown in Figures 22 and 24 or in any other convenient manner.
As shown in Figure 22 the cage may be made in partly annular sections to
facilitate its insertion in and removal from a ball-bearing in some situations.
By the construction of annular cage and the arrangement of spherical rollers or
balls therein as illustrated in Figures 22 and 23 in which the cage perforated
both internally and externally as well as laterally the device is adapted with but
slight expense to a wide range of uses where it is desirable to counteract the effects
of both radial and end pressure within a comparatively small space.
The cages which I use for holding and retaining balls for resisting both radial
pressure and end thrust are made to carry the balls, and the balls carry the cages
und the cages move at different velocities and quite independent of the resisting
surfaces against which the balls operate.
According to another part of my invention I provide in combination with a car

page_text: revolve freely in all directions and arranged to take the radial pressure or weight
of the axle or shaft, a cage for retaining said balls and in which they are removable
in a body and spherical rollers or balls arranged and supported at the end of the
axle, intermediate said axle end, and the cap or thrust-plate of the axle boxing, in
such a manner as to receive and distribute the end thrust of the axle or shaft.
Figure 26 is a sectional elevation illustrating an application of this part of my
invention to a car axle for the purpose of taking the radial and end thrust.
Figure 27 is a side elevation of a centrally perforated rotatable disc forming part
of a casing for enclosing the series of spherical rollers or balls for taking the end
thrust.
Figure 28 is a side elevation of a cage and enclosed concentric series of spherical
rollers or balls for taking end thrust.
Figure 29 is a side elevation of a flanged and centrally perforated disc that forms
part of the casing for enclosing the spherical rollers or balls that take the end thrust
of the shaft or axle, and
Figure 30 is a sectional end elevation of the annular cage and confined balls for
sustaining radial pressure or weight.
Referring to these figures the numeral 1, designates a car axle, and 2 the axle
spindle. On the spindle 2 is fixed a sleeve 3, preferably of hardened or tempered
metal, said sleeve being secured to the axle so as to rotate therewith.
The axle box or boxing 4 is secured to the car truck in any usual or well known
manner, and in this box is placed a sleeve 5, preferably of hardened or tempered
metal and having an inward projecting flange 6, at one end. The edge of the
flange 6 is preferably grooved to receive an annular packing 7, of any suitable
material arranged to bear on the inner sleeve 3, and effectually exclude dust
moisture and foreign substances as shown in Figure 26, while the other end of the
boxing is closed by a cap 8 secured in any suitable or convenient manner.
For the purpose of taking the radial pressure of the car axle I place between
the inner sleeve 3 and outer sleeve 5 the parallel annular series of spherical rollers
or balls 9, and in order to facilitate the placing and removal of these rollers or
balls all together I prefer to confine them in a cage 10 of the character herein-
above described and illustrated in Figures 17 to 21 of the accompanying drawings.
By means of the annular cage 10, Figures 26 and 30, the spherical rollers or
balls 9 can be readily removed and replaced in a body and as the balls or spherical
rollers revolve freely in all directions and are allowed free lateral play in said cage
as shown in Figure 26 it is obvious that the friction will be greatly diminished and
the wear so distributed that replacement of the balls or contiguous parts will be
seldom necessary.
The cap 8, which also serves as a thrust plate, is recessed internally opposite the
end of the axle to receive a flanged disc 11 Figures 26 and 29 which is preferably
made from hardened or tempered metal, and secured to the cap 8, by screw
bolts 12. or otherwise. The disc 11 is provided with a flange 13 and has a
central perforation 14 to receive one end of a bolt 15 which serves as a pirot
or journal for a rotatable disc 16 mounted thereon, as shown in Figure 26.
The rotatable disc 16, Figure 27, is provided centrally with a countersunk
perforation 17 to engage the head of the pivot bolt 15, and said disc has a
hub 18 that surrounds the unthreaded part of the bolt shank as shown in
Figure 26, and is free to turn thereon.
The plane hardened surfaces or discs 11 and 16 form a casing for spherical
rollers or balls 19 to take the end thrust of the shaft or axle 1, and to facilitate
the placing and removal of these rollers or balls in a body they are preferably
confined in a cage 20, Figures 26 and 28, in the manner hereinabove described
with reference to Figures 22 to 24. The discs 11 and 16 are preferably made
of hardened or tempered metal.
By referring to Figures 26 and 28 it will be seen that the cage 20 is of annular
form, having a central opening 21 that permits it to be supported loosely on the

page_text: hub 18, between the discs 11 and 16 or independent thereof and so enable the
spherical rollers or balls 19 to take up and distribute the end thrust of the car
axle. The rollers or balls being confined in a cage can be readily removed and
replaced by detaching the cap 8 and then taking off the rotatable disc 16 that forms
part of the cage casing.
While I have only shown the improved ball bearing as applied to a car axle, it
will be apparent that it is also readily applicable to shafting and other rotating
parts where there is end thrust as well as radial pressure or weight to be sustained,
and it will be seen that by placing the spherical rollers or balls 19. for receiving
end thrust, between hardened plane surfaces at the end of and in line with the axle
or shaft the expense and other objections incident to provide collars or annular
shoulders on the axle or shaft are obviated.
Modified forms of cages for ball bearings constructed according to my invention
are shown in Figures 31 to 39. In these constructions an extended anti-friction
surface is presented for taking the end thrust of engine and propeller shafts, or
other rotary bodies, and means are provided for confining and retaining spherical
rollers or balls for resisting end thrust in sectional or divided cages composed of
partly annular sections that can be conveniently handled for placing them in
position around a shaft without removing or withdrawing said shaft from its
supports, and for securely connecting the several sections of a cage after they have
been placed in position.
•
Figure 31 is a partly broken away view of a sectional or divided cage enclosing
several concentric series of spherical rollers or balls presenting an extended surface
for resisting end pressure or thrust.
Figure 32 is a transverse section of the cage showing the balls protruding from
opposite sides in position to resist end pressure or thrust.
Figure 33 is a plan of the inner side of a semi-circular plate forming part of a
sectional or divided cage and illustrating a modification in the arrangement of the
circular openings through which the balls are to protrude.
Figure 34 is a plan of the inner side of the semi-circular plate showing another
modification in the form and arrangement of the openings for protrusion of the
spherical rollers or balls.
Figure 35 is a plan of a sectional or divided cage provided with means for
detachably connecting the separable parts in a single body.
Figure 36 is a transverse section of the same.
Figure 37 is a plan of a sectional or divided cage in which the separable parts
or sections are detachably connected at the outer portion of the cage by means of
half-rings bolted together.
Figure 38 is a transverse section of the same on the linear, Figure 37; and
Figure 39 is a plan of a sectional cage composed of segments of a circle detach-
ably connected at the outer portion of the cage by means of links.
Referring to these figures the numeral 1 designates the spherical rollers or balls
and 2 denotes the sectional or divided cage in which said balis are confined or
retained and from which they protrude in position to take end thrust or pressure.
For resisting the pressure of turntables or the thrust of propeller shafts, engine
shafts and other rotary parts where it is desirable to present large anti-friction
surfaces, the spherical rollers or balls 1 may be conveniently arranged in several
concentric or radial series within a cage of suitable construction adapted to hold
and confine the balls in such a manner as to allow them to revolve freely in all
directions and facilitate their application and removal in a body.
In the construction shown in Figures 31 to 38, inclusive, the divided or sectional
cage 2, is composed of semi-circular or semi-annular plates 3, having perforations 4
through which the balls 1 can protrude laterally to take end pressure or thrust.
Four of these plates 3, are placed together in direct contact with each other
throughout their entire adjacent surfaces, and the opposite parallel plates may be
secured by means of screw bolts 5, Figures 31, 35 and 37, to form the separate
sections of an annular cage in which the balls 1, are enclosed and from which they

page_text: protrude laterally on both sides of the cage as shown in Figures 32, 36 and 38, so
that they are adapted to take end thrust in either direction. The inner edges of
the plates are formed with semi-circular openings 6, Figures 33 and 34, which
when the sections of the cage are placed together form a complete circle, as shown
in Figures 31, 35 and 37, for surrounding a shaft or other cylindrical part to which
the ball-bearing is applied. By forming the annular cage 2, in this manner it can
be applied with ease to a large shaft or in situations where it would be inconvenient
to attach an inseparable annular cage or ball-bearing frame.
It will be observed by reference to Figures 32, 33 and 36, that the openings 4,
are concaved on their inner sides so that when the plates 3, are placed together
they form spherical chambers for receiving and retaining the spherical rollers or
balls. These chambers or openings 4 may be arranged radially in concentric series
as shown in Figure 31, or they may be arranged irregularly as shown in Figure 33,
to present a more extended bearing surface and distribute the frictional wear so
that it will be reduced to a minimum.
Instead of providing the plates 3, with circular openings 4, as shown in Figure 33,
the chambers or openings for the balls 1 may be elongated or slotted and arranged
radially as represented in Figure 34, in which I have shown long slots 7 and shorter
slots 8 alternating with each other and extended radially so as to provide a simple
means of arranging the balls in such a manner as to cover extended surfaces and
allow for sufficient play to greatly diminish the effects of friction.
It is obvious that by dividing the cage or forming it in separable parts or sections
it can be placed around a large shaft with great case without incurring any necessity
of removing or withdrawing said shaft from its supports thus adding materially to
the convenience of inserting and removing the ball bearing.
For the purpose of detachably connecting the semi-annular sections of the divided
cage, two of the four plates 3, may be made somewhat larger than the others, so
that two alternate plates can lap each other and form a rabbeted joint 9, secured
by screw bolts 10, as shown in Figures 35 and 36. By this construction the
opposite sections of the cage can be secured together either before or after placing
the ball bearing in position.
When it is desired to secure together the separable parts or sections of the
divided cage in a situation where it would be inconvenient to apply the screw
bolts 10, the required detachable connection or fastening together of the cage
sections can be accomplished by means of half rings or half bands 11 surrounding
the periphery or outer portion of the cage and held by removable bolts 12 as shown
in Figures 37 and 38. In this construction the bolts and half rings are readily
accessible to permit the connection and separation of the cage sections when-
ever desired.
As shown in Figure 39, the separable or divided cage 2 may consist of a number
of. segmental sections 13 having suitable openings for the spherical rollers or
balls 1, confined therein. These cage sections 13 are preferably connected in
annular form by means of links 14 having their ends detachably secured in counter-
sunk recesses 15 formed in the several cage sections, and as these links are located
at or near the outer part of the cage in accessible situations they can be readily
detached to permit the separation and removal of the cage from around a shaft.
Figures 40 to 42 illustrate the application of my invention to a bicycle axle.
This bearing has two series of balls for resisting thrust or end pressure, and other
series for resisting radial pressure. Each series of balls is confined in a removable
cage whereby an entire series of balls can be removed, and replaced together, said
cages being independent of the bearing surfaces against which the balls act, and
said balls for resisting end pressure being arranged on a different diameter and in
different planes from the balls for sustaining radial pressure or weight, as herein-
after more fully set forth.
Figure 40 represents the axle of a bicycle in side elevation with the hub, ball
bearings and removable ball cages in section.
13
f Dic 1 and

page_text: Figure 42 is a similar section on the line y-y of the same figure.
1 designates a shaft or axle, and 2 is a wheel hub or other rotating part
surrounding the shaft.
On the ends of the shaft or axle 1, are secured the centrally perforated and
flanged discs 3 which are surrounded by the enlarged and recessed ends of the
hub 2, and together therewith form the boxings for the spherical rollers or balls 4
that take the end thrust of the hub and the spherical rollers or balls 5 that sustain
the radial pressure.
It will be observed that each set of spherical rollers or balls 4, is arranged in a
circular series surrounding the shaft or axle 1, between the parallel and vertical
plane surfaces of the hub 2 and one of the discs 3 in such position as to roll in
contact with said surfaces and take the end pressure or thrust of the hub 2 from
either direction.
Each set of spherical rollers or balls 5, is arranged in circular series between the
adjacent concentric surfaces of the hub 2, and one of the discs 3, in such a manner as
to roll on or in contact with said concentric surfaces and sustain the radial pressure
or weight. It will thus be seen that the balls for sustaining radial pressure are
arranged on a different diameter and in different planes from the balls that resist
end thrust, and which last named balls 4 immediately surround the shaft or axle as
shown. By this arrangement of parts the employment of the independent sets of
balls is readily provided for in a bearing of simple and compact construction that is
great advantage in a bicycle and other machines in which economy of space is
of
desirable.
In order to facilitate the ready insertion and removal of a set of spherical rollers
or balls in a body, each set is preferably confined in a removable cage 6 or 7 of the
character hereinabove described and shown in Figures 17 to 25.
For confining in ball bearings the spherical rollers or balls that are employed to
diminish friction I provide various forms of cages as hereinafter described.
Figure 43 is a broken end elevation of one form of annular cage constructed
according to my invention and containing spherical rollers or balls for resisting or
sustaining radial pressure or weight.
Figure 44 is a side elevation of the same showing how several sets of spherical
rollers or balls can be retained in separate compartiments of the annular cage and in
such a manner as to allow the balls to have free lateral play.
Figure 45 is a detail view of a portion of the annular cage showing how the wire
rods can be sprung apart to permit the insertion and removal of the balls.
The numeral 1, designates the end rings of the annular cage. These rings 1, are
connected by wire rods 2 and 3 that extend the entire length of the cage and are
arranged in concentric annular sets at sufficient distances apart to receive and retain
the spherical rollers or balls 4, which project through the spaces between said wire
rods in position to take the radial pressure or weight of a shaft or other part to
which the cage of balls is applied, while the free rotation and play of the balls
reduces friction to a minimum.
In cages of considerable length or where it is deemed advisable to brace the wire
or wire rods 2 and 3, they may receive additional support from intermediate rings 5
that need not be so heavy as the end rings of the cage. By means of an inter-
mediate ring or rings 5 the cage is divided into separate annular compartments 6,
each of which is again divided by the wires 2 and 3 into the elongated spaces or
chambers 7, that receive the spherical rollers or balls. The sets of balls placed in
these spaces or chambers may each comprise any suitable number so arranged as to
have free lateral play in contact with the entire surface of the bearing to which the
cage of balls is applied.
It will be observed that the inner series of wires 2 and the outer series of wires 3,
afford four points or bearings by which the several sets of spherical rollers or balls
are retained in their separate chambers, and as the wires present but slight extent
of surface for contact with the balls there is practically no wear of the parts.
By constructing the ball chambers of wire in the manner described, the individual

page_text: balls can be easily inserted or removed whenever desired by simply springing apart
the outer wire rods 3, as shown in Figure 45. A convenient way is thus provided
for removing and replacing a defective ball without loss of time.
In making the cage, the rings 1 and 5, are first permanently connected by the
inner and outer series of wire rods 2 and 3, and the outer wires 3, are then sprung
slightly apart while the balls 4, are inserted one after another. A cage of this
construction is light, durable and comparatively inexpensive and provides a con-
venient and ready means for applying or removing the spherical rollers or balls in
a body. By providing the cage with separate annular compartments 6, each
composed of a series of ball spaces or chambers 7 formed by the wires 2 and 3, the
balls in any compartment or series of chambers can be removed or omitted when
they are not required in the bearing.
I sometimes construct the ball cages entirely of wire, especially where lightness
and absence of bulk in the cage is desirable, as in the bearings of pulleys, bicycle
wheels, roller skates, the hubs of light carriage wheels and the like. Such a cage
is shown in Figures 46 to 49.
Figure 46 represents a portion of a shaft or axle in side elevation, with a wheel,
pulley, wheel-hub or other rotating part and its bearing in section, showing the
manner of applying a wire cage and inclosed balls.
Figure 47, is a perspective view of the wire cage and confined balls, one of the
balls being removed to show the construction of the cage more clearly.
Figure 48 is a view similar to Figure 46, but showing a modification in the con-
struction of the wheel or pulley bearing to adapt it to the application of a modified
form of wire cage.
Figure 49 is an enlarged perspective view of a portion of a wire cage composed
of an interlacing net work of wires.
Referring to these figures, the numeral 1, designates a shaft or axle having fast
thereon a sleeve or collar 2, that is surrounded by the rotating part 3, which may
be a wheel or pulley, or a wheel hub or the roller of a roller skate or any rotary
body.
Between the fixed sleeve or collar 2, and the rotary part 3, is placed a light wire
cage 4, which may be made in either of the forms shown in Figures 47 and 49 or in
any other suitable form adapted to receive and retain the spherical rollers or balls 5,
in position to sustain pressure or weight, and diminish friction.
The wire cage shown in Figures 46 and 47 is triangular in cross section and
comprises two parallel or corresponding inner wire rings 6, an outer centrally
arranged or peripheral wire ring 7, and the wire braces 8 and 9, arranged at
suitable intervals in such a manner as to connect and brace the rings 6 and 7 and
form separate chambers or receptacles for the spherical rollers or balls. As shown
in Figure 47, the wire braces 8 are extended transversely between and secured to
the inner wire rings 6, and form the bases of a series of triangles the sides of which
are formed by the converging or diagonally arranged outer wire braces 9 that are
secured to and connect the wire rings 6 and 7 of the annular cage. The triangularly
arranged braces 8 and 9, alternate with the spherical rollers or balls 5, and together
with the inner wire rings 6 and outer wire ring 7, they form a series of compart-
ments or receptacles in which the balls are separately retained. In this form of
annular wire cage which is triangular in cross-sectiou, as described, the axle collar.
or sleeve 2, is preferably made plain as shown in Figure 46, but provided with a
central annular groove or depression 10 to afford a suitable bearing for the circular
series of balls. The wheel, disc pulley or other rotary part 3, may be permanently
closed on one side adjacent to the sleeve or collar 2, and is provided internally with
an annular depression 11 to accommodate the balls. After the cage of balls is put in
place, the other side of the disc, wheel or rotary part 3 is closed by a ring 12, that
is screwed into said rotary part. This ring 12 is also provided internally with an
annular depression 13, against which the balls fit. The said balls are thus held in
position to sustain the radial pressure and take the end thrust of the rotary part
from either direction.

page_text: In Figures 48 and 49 the wire cage 4, is four-sided and composed wholly of four
wires a, b, c and d, woven or interlaced at regular intervals in such a manner as to
form a series of ball compartments or receptacles separated by rectangular frames
of wire braces a, b, c, d, Figure 49, that are integral with the four wires composing
the cage. In this form of construction, when the wire cage is intended for use in a
circular bearing, it is preferably bent to annular form in such direction that the
opposite sides of each ball receptacle will be formed by two wires while the top and
bottom will be composed of two other wires. When bent or curved in this manner
each set of integral connecting braces a, b, c, d, forms a rectargular frame that
presents its angles or corners at the opposite sides and at the top and bottom of the
cage between successive and separate ball receptacles. With this form of wire cage,
the shaft or axle 1, Figure 48, is preferably provided with a sleeve or collar 2, that
is L-shaped in cross-section or provided on one side with a flange 14, having au
internal annular depression 15 which together with the corresponding depression 13
of the ring 12, forms a lateral bearing for one side of the series of balls confined in
the cage while the opposite bearing is formed by the annular depression 11 of the
rotary part 3, in conjunction with a corresponding depression 16, on the inner side
of a ring 17, that is screwed on the unflanged end of the fixed sleeve or collar. By
means of the flanged sleeve or collar 2, and the opposite detachable rings 12 and 17,
the four sided annular wire cage, Figure 48, can be readily inserted and removed
and the assembling of the rotary part 3, and the described attachments may be
accomplished with ease. it will also be seen that when caged and arranged in this
manner, the balls are free to turn or rotate and are in position to take end thrust
from either direction as well as to sustain the radial pressure, while they can at any
time be removed and replaced in a body. Although I have shown only a single
series of spherical rollers or balls, it is obvious that two or more series can be
readily caged in the same manner by increasing the capacity of the cage or by
forming it with oue or more additional series of compartments or ball receptacles,
or two or more similar cages may be braided or woven together to form a single
cage adapted to receive several series of spherical rollers or balls.
In a modified form of ball-bearings for taking the end thrust of shafts, axles or
other rotary parts in various kinds of machinery I provide in combination with
spherical rollers or balls confined in a cage, or series of cages, discs or hardened
plane surfaces located on opposite sides of said ball retaining cage or cages in
contact with the laterally projecting balls and connected in such a manner that the
cage or cages and one of said discs will be free to rotate in or on the other disc
which may be held stationary; both of said discs and the interposed cage or cages
of confined balls being capable of insertion into and removal from the bearings in a
body, as illustrated in Figures 50 to 56.
Figure 50 is a plan, and
Figure 51 a transverse section of a thrust ball bearing in which the discs are
-connected at the centre.
Figure 52 is a plan of a cage in which are confined a number of spherical rollers
or balls for resisting end thrust or pressure.
Figure 53 is a transverse section of a thrust ball-bearing adapted to surround a
shaft and in which the discs are loosely connected at their peripheries.
Figure 54 is a plan of a cage having an eccentrically located opening to surround
a shaft and cause the confined balls to travel in eccentric paths and cover more
extended surfaces during the rotation of the cage so as to distribute and diminish
the friction and wear.
Figure 55 is a view of a thrust bearing surrounding a shaft, with one of the discs
removed, and showing a series of separate independently rotary ball retaining cages
to distribute the friction.
Figure 56 is a transverse section of another form of thrust ball bearing showing
another mode of connecting the discs centrally and preventing the access thereto
of dust.
Referring to these figures, the numeral 1 designated spherical rollers or balls

page_text: arranged in a cage or cages 2 and projecting therefrom in position to resist end
thrust or pressure.
In order to provide the ball bearing with two hardened plane surfaces between
which the cage 2 is to be interposed and which will be removable with said cage or
cages in a body, the hard metal discs 3 and 4 are arranged on opposite sides of said
cage or cages, as shown, and said discs are constructed and loosely connected in such
manner that the discs and cage or cages of confined balls will be held together and
made to revolve on each other so as to distribute the friction and greatly reduce the
wear of contacting surfaces.
As shown in Figures 50, 51 and 52, the circular cage 2, and each disc 3 and 4,
are provided with a central opening 5, for passage of a screw bolt 6, which may be
fast in the disc 3, as shown in Figure 51, but it is of less diameter than the
openings in the cage 2, and disc 4, so that said cage and disc 4 will be capable of
revolving on each other and on the disc 3, while the rolling action of the spherical
rollers or balls 1, in contact with the discs will resist and distribute the end thrust
of a shaft or other rotary part bearing against the outer surface of the revolving
disc.
Instead of connecting the discs 3 and 4 by a central pin or screw bolt 6, as just
described, the said disc and interposed cage may be provided with larger central
openings to surround a shaft or axle in contact with a collar or shoulder thereon,
and the central connection of the discs and cage so as to hold them together in a
body, when removed, can be accomplished by means of a tube or sleeve 7, passed
through the central openings of the discs and cage and having its ends flanged or
upset to engage countersunk recesses 8 in the outer surfaces of the discs 3 and 4 as
shown in Figure 56.
By means of the upset or flanged ends 9 of the sleeve or tube 7, engaged in the
recesses 8, the cage 2 and discs 3 and 4 will be centrally connected so as to be
capable of revolving on each other and can be placed on and removed from a shaft
in a body. The tube 7 also serves to exclude the entrance of dust between the
shaft and discs, and if desired one of the discs may be provided with a flange 10 to
prevent the entrance of dust at the periphery of the ball bearing.
As shown in Figure 53, the flange 10, of the disc 4, is of sufficient width to
wholly embrace the periphery of the disc 3, and said disc and interposed cage or cages
are connected and held together in a body by means of a series of pins or screws 11
in the flange 10 of one disc engaging a circular groove 12 in the periphery of the
other disc in such a manner that the parts will be free to revolve on each other.
In this construction, also, the discs and cage have central openings 5, of such
diameter as to permit the passage of a shaft or axle.
In either of the above described forms of construction, the circular cage 2 may
have its opening 5 placed eccentrically, as shown in Figure 54, so that the rotation
of said cage will cause the confined balls 1 to travel in eccentric paths and thereby
distribute the frictional wear.
When one of the discs 3 or 4 is provided with a flange 10, a series of ball
retaining cages 2 may be made to surround a shaft 13 as shown in Figure 55, in
which the several cages are capable of independent rotation. By this construction
and arrangement of independently rotary cages, each of which also revolves around
the central shaft, the balls confined in said cages will revolve on constantly changing
surfaces, and any individual cage can be removed and replaced when required without
disturbing the others.
Another cage constructed according to this invention is composed of thin sheet
metal stamped to the proper shape and provided with perforated concave convex
pockets to receive and retain the spherical rollers or balls and allow them to revolve
in suitable position to sustain the pressure of the moving surfaces with which they
are placed in contact.
Figure 57 is a plan of the inner side of such a sheet metal cage, and
Figure 58 is a transverse section of the same with balls confined therein.
-1; designated the spherical rollers or balls and 2 denotes the cage.

page_text: In constructing this cage, a thin plate of sheet metal is stamped and punched by
means of suitable dies and punches in such inanner as to form in the metal sheet
a number of concavo-convex centrally perforated hemispherical pockets or recesses 3
arranged at suitable intervals. Each pocket or recess 3 is adapted to receive and
confine or hold a separate spherical roller or ball 1, in position to partly project
through the perforation 4, in the centre of said pocket. A single recessed and
perforated metal sheet Figure 57, may be employed to hold the balls in place in a
suitable box, but I prefer in most cases to secure together two of such metal sheets
by means of bolts, screws, or rivets 5 as shown in Figure 58, especially when the
cage is to be used without boxing. The bolts, rivets or screws 5 will be placed at
suitable points in perforations 6, around the edges of the contacting metal sheets,
and elsewhere if required, and when the cage is provided with a central opening 7,
to surround a shaft, axle, or other rotary part, the edges of said opening will be
secured and strengthened in like manner.
It will be observed that the recesses or hemispherical pockets 3 present convex
surfaces on the exterior of the cage and are concave internally to correspond with
the spherical surfaces of the balls that are retained in proper position within the
cage by said pockets when the cage is removed from the bearing surfaces against
which the balls are designed to act.
A ball carrying cage of this construction is light, durable and comparatively
inexpensive, and possesses many obvious advantages for use in situations where a
heavy or more expensive ball bearing cage would be objectionable or impracticable.
Other forms of my improved cages for ball bearings specially adapted for
reciprocating or sliding surfaces are shown in Figures 59 to 68.
Figure 59 is a plan of a rectangular ball-carrying cage constructed wholly of wire.
Figure 60 is a perspective of the same showing the construction of the cage
more clearly.
Figure 61 is a plan illustrating a modification in the arrangement of the wires
that form the separate ball compartments.
Figure 62 is a perspective of a portion of a cage in which the wires that form
the ball compartments are arranged diagonally.
Figure 63 is a side elevation of a rectangular wire cage.
Figure 64 is a plan of a portion of a cage having hexagonal ball compartments.
Figure 65 is a plan of a rectangular cage constructed partly of wire and provided
with oblong compartments in which the balls have free lateral play.
Figure 66 is a vertical transverse section of said cage on the line a, a, Figure 65.
Figure 67 is a plan of a portion of a flexible rectangular cage.
Figure 68 is a vertical longitudinal section of the same on the line y, y Figure 67.
Referring to these figures, the numeral 1 designates the spherical rollers or balls
of a ball bearing, and 2 denotes the cage in which said balls are confined and from
which they protrude.
In the construction shown in Figures 59 to 64 inclusive, the cage is made wholly
of wire and comprises two parallel wire frames 3 each composed of intersecting
wires 4, that form the opposite sides or top and bottom of the flat cage. These
frames are connected by cross wires 5, arranged at proper intervals where the
wires 4 intersect and also preferably where they are connected with the wires 3
that form the rim or border of the cage. The intersecting wires 4 may be
arranged at right angles to the border wires 3 as shown in Figures 59 and 60,
or they may cross the frame 3 diagonally as shown in Figures 61 and 62. In
either of these forms of construction the cage is divided into a number of compart-
ments 6 in each of which is confined a single ball in such position that the several
balls are free to revolve in all directions in contact with the moving surface or
surfaces whose pressure they are to resist or sustain.
In order to provide for arranging the spherical rollers or balls 1, in close
proximity to each other, the ball compartments may be made hexagonal as shown
in Figure 64 by so placing the wires 4 that they will be diagonal to the border of
the frame at certain portions of their length, and at right angles thereto in other

page_text: portions. By constructing the ball compartments in this manner the several balls
of the ball-bearing can be brought close together at all points, and so distribute the
wear of the sliding surfaces with great success.
As shown in Figures 65 to 68 inclusive, the flat rectangular cage may consist of
two or more metal bars 7, connected by double sets of parallel transverse wires 8
arranged to form oblong compartments 9 in which the balls I can play freely. If
preferred the cage may be braced by bars 10 arranged at suitable intervals.
For the purpose of adapting the ball bearing cage to move over or between
curved surfaces, it can be made in flexible sections by constructing it of short metal
bars 7, Figure 67, pivotally connected as at 12, Figure 68, and supporting the
transverse wires 8 that form the ball compartments.
It is obvious that by forming the ball-bearing cage wholly or partly of wire, the
ball compartments can be arranged in various ways to present the confined spherical
rollers or balls in proper position to sustain pressure from various directions.
It will also be observed that the several forms of cage illustrated are each so
constructed as to be wholly independent of the bearing surfaces against which the
balls act and that the balls and cage are removable in a body without permitting
the balls to become displaced.
Another form of my improved cage and ball-bearings is shown in Figures 69
to 71.
Figure 69 is a sectional side elevation of an annular cage and confined balls for
resisting end pressure or thrust,
Figure 70 is an elevation of the same in edge view, and
Figure 71 is a sectional edge view of the annular cage and confined balls shown
as applied to a shaft.
Referring to these figures, the numeral 1, designates an annular ball-retaining
cage which consists of a central tubular body 2, that is provided with an annular
externally projecting flange 3, at each end. In the flanges 3, at opposite equidistant
points, outside the central body 2, are lateral openings 4, through which protrude
in a lateral direction a series of spherical rollers or balls 5, that surround the
central tubular cage body 2, and project beyond the flanges 3, in position to take
end thrust and diminish friction. The opening 6, in the centre of the ball-retaining
cage 1, permits the cage to be placed on or around a shaft, axle or other central
support, by which the spherical rollers or balls can in many instances be most
conveniently disposed for diminishing friction from end thrust.
In Figure 71 the annular ball retaining cage 1, is shown surrounding a central
support consisting of a shaft or axle 7, having a circumferential collar or shoulder 8,
that forms one of the bearings for the spherical rollers or balls 5, while the other
bearing for said balls is formed by the plane vertical surface of a stationary box 9,
in which the shaft or axle is supported. It is obvious however, that for the
purpose of resisting end pressure or thrust the centrally supported cage, the balls,
and the bearings may be conveniently arranged in various positions.
The annular flanged cage can be cut or swaged from a solid block of metal, or it
can be spun from a metal tube, or it can be made from other suitable material in
any well known manner. A cage of this form can be readily constructed, and
affords a convenient means for retaining in position the balls of a thrust bearing in
such a manner that they can revolve freely in all directions and be removable in a
body with the retaining cage.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :-
First. A ball-bearing for resisting thrust or endwise pressure of a rotating shaft,
wherein concentric pairs of L-shaped rings or annular pieces are supported between
and by rotating parts secured to the shaft and non-rotating parts adjacent thereto,
with or without elastic packing behind the said rings, and having concentric series
of balls between and bearing against. the parallel plain surfaces of the said rings.

page_text: or annular pieces, substantially as described and shown in the accompanying
drawings.
Second. A ball-bearing for a propeller or other shaft wherein concentric series
or groups of balls are arranged between the parallel plane surfaces of L-shaped
rings or annular pieces supported between and by non-rotating parts and parts
secured to and rotating with the shaft for resisting end thrust in either direction,
and wherein other circular series of balls are arranged to support radial pressure,
the whole being supported by a bed or frame work, substantially as shown and
described.
Third. In a ball-bearing wherein the balls are arranged in annular channels
between inner and outer rings, or annular or tubular pieces, the employment of
elastic packing between the said rings, or either of them, and the part whereby they
are supported, for the purpose specified.
Fourth. A ball bearing, wherein the balls are arranged in annular channels
between inner and outer rings, or annular or tubular pieces, having one or more
packing rings or washers each of which is fitted into a groove in the rotating or
non-rotating part and bears against the surface of the other part of the bearing, as,
and for the purpose, specified.
Fifth. The combination, with an axle and a suitable ball bearing thereupon, of a
screw bolt entering a socket in the axle and having a head retaining the ball-
bearing on the axle and carrying a locking-pin engaging the axle to lock the bolt,
substantially as described.
Sixth. The combination, with a tube or sleeve having an external collar or rib,
of an annulus screwed on the inner end of the said tube or sleeve and containing
packing in an annular groove, rings or annular pieces having internal collars or
ribs, one of which rings bears against the said packing, and circular series or
groups of balls arranged between the said rings and the tube or sleeve, and a
screw-bolt screwed in the end of the axle, the head of the said bolt serving to
engage the end of the tube or sleeve, with or without a spring locking-pin for
locking the said bolt, substantially as shown and described.
Seventh. In a ball-bearing, the combination of a bearing surface provided with
an annular rib or collar having a circular V-shaped groove, one or more circular
series or groups of balls for resisting or supporting radial pressure, and a single
circular series or group of balls arranged in the said V-shaped groove and in a
V-shaped groove formed by bevelled edges of outer rings or annular pieces or other
part of the bearing, and serving to resist thrust or end-pressure in either direction,
substantially as shown and described.
Eighth. In a ball-bearing, the combination, with a shaft having a collar formed
thereon, of rings or annular pieces surrounding the said shaft and having internal
collars or ribs, balls for resisting thrust arranged between the said collars or ribs
and the collar cn the shaft, and balls for resisting or supporting radial pressure
arranged between the said rings or annular pieces and the shaft, substantially as
described with reference to Figures 8 and 9.
Ninth. A ball-bearing comprising an annular piece or sleeve having a surrounding
rib or collar provided with a screw-threaded orifice, a screw-plug or bolt located in
said orifice and adapted to engage a shaft, rings or annular pieces surrounding the
tubular piece or sleeve, a ring located at each end of the tubular piece or sleeve
and formed in its periphery with an annular packing groove containing a packing
for excluding dust or dirt, and annular sets of spherical rollers or balls interposed
between the tubular piece or sleeve and the rings or annular pieces, substantially as
described and shown in Figures 10 and 11.
Tenth. In a ball-bearing, the employment of a removable cage or carrier in
which spherical rollers or balls for resisting radial pressure, or end-thrust, or both
radial pressure and end thrust, are held or retained in such a manner that whilst
they cannot escape from the said cage or carrier they protrude therefrom sufficiently
to bear against and roll upon the bearing surfaces, being free to revolve in all
directions, substantially, as, and for the purposes, described.

page_text: Eleventh. In a ball-bearing, the combination, with spherical rollers or balls, of a
removable annular cage in which the balls are retained in a body and in which they
have free lateral play, and are capable of revolving in all directions, the said cage
being independent of the bearing surfaces against which the balls act, and between
which it is adapted to move, whereby the said balls are free to move in varying
lines so that all parts of the bearing surfaces will be subject to the rolling contact
of said balls, and the wear and friction distributed, substantially as described.
Twelfth. In a ball-bearing, the combination, with an axle or shaft, and the
boxing of said axle or shaft, of spherical rollers or balls adapted to revolve freely
in all directions and arranged to take the radial pressure or weight of the axle or
shaft, a cage for retaining the balls in which they are removable in a body, and
other balls supported in a cage at the end of the axle or shaft to take the end-thrust
thereof, substantially as described.
Thirteenth. The combination, with spherical rollers or balls for taking end-thrust,
of a removable cage composed of separable partly annular sections having lateral
openings, and adapted for holding and retaining said balls in position to revolve
freely in all directions and protrude laterally from said cage to resist thrust or
end-pressure, substantially as described.
Fourteenth. A ball-bearing wherein a series of balls surrounding a shaft or axle
for resisting thrust or end-pressure, and confined in a removable cage, are combined
with another series also confined in a removable cage but adapted for resisting or
sustaining weight or radial pressure, the said series for resisting thrust being
arranged in a different plane and on a different diameter from that for sustaining
weight, substantially as described with reference to Figures 40 to 42.
Fifteenth. In a ball-bearing, a removable cage or carrier composed of double sets
of wires or rods which are secured in metal end pieces, with or without intermediate
braces, and between which the balls are retained, the said wires, if desired, being so
arranged that they can be sprung apart to admit the balls, and the said cage being
either tubular or flat, substantially as described.
Sixteenth. In a ball-bearing, a removable ball-cage or carrier constructed wholly
of wire and having a separate compartment for each ball, the said cage being of
annular form or of flat or rectangular form, substantially as described.
Seventeenth. In a ball-bearing, the combination of two hardened plane surfaces,
a cage interposed between the said surfaces, and spherical rollers or balls retained
in the said cage and adapted to revolve in contact with the said surfaces, the said
hardened surfaces and the cage being held together and all removable in a body,
substantially as described.
Eighteenth. In a ball-bearing, the employment of two hardened plane surfaces,
and a ball-retaining cage between said surfaces, said cage being arranged eccen-
trically, substantially as described.
Nineteenth. In a ball-bearing, a ball cage or carrier consisting of discs or plates
provided with concavo-convex centrally perforated pockets for the balls, substantially
as described with reference to Figures 57 and 58, for the purpose specified.
Twentieth. Ball-bearings constructed substantially as described with reference
to Figures 1 and 2, or to any of the forms described in Figures 4 to 16 or to
Figure 26, or to Figure 40, or to Figures 46 and 48 or to Figure 71, and operating
as specified.
Twenty-first. The ball-cages constructed substantially as described with reference
to each of the accompanying drawings relating thereto, for the purpose specified.
Dated this 15th day of October 1891.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.