CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BLEACHING OR PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Barlow, junior, of Stakehill, in the
County of Lancaster, Bleacher, and John Pendlebury, of Crump-
sall, in the same County, Bleacher, for the Invention of " CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BLEACHING OR
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Barlow and
John Pendlebury at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 23rd July 1853.
We, SAMUEL BARLOW, junior, of Stakehill, in the County of Lancas-
ter, Bleacher, and JoN PENDLEBURY, of Crumpsall, in the same
County, Bleacher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BLEACHING
OR CLEANSING TEXTILE FABRICS OR MATERIALS" to be as follows:-
Our improvements apply principally to the bleaching or cleansing of
manufactured, or, as they are commonly termed, "piece goods," and
consist of the following apparatus:-Two "kiers" of the ordinary or
other suitable construction are placed near to each other and upon about
סמו

page_text: the same level. The upper part of each of these "kiers" is provided
with a manway for introducing and removing the goods, and also a
pipe furnished with a valve for the admission of steam. There are also
two pipes furnished also with valves or cocks, and leading from the top
of one "kier" to the bottom of the other, and vice versa. At or near
the bottom of each "kier" is a grid upon which the goods are placed.
The bleaching or cleansing is conducted as follows:-A " piece
(or more) of goods being placed in cach "kier," a sufficient quantity of
suitable bleaching liquid is poured into "kier" No. 1, and the man-
ways closed. All the valves being then closed (except that in the pipe
leading from the bottom of the "kier " No. 1, to the top of the "kier"
No. 2,) steam is admitted at the top of "kier" No. 1, which will force
the bleaching liquid downwards through the goods in "kier" No. 1,
and thence along the pipe into the top of the goods in "kier" No. 2.
The valves being then reversed steam is admitted at the top of "kier"
No. 2, which will force the bleaching liquid back to the top of "kier"
No. 1. The above operation is repeated until the goods have beon
sufficiently bleached by the process.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Samuel Barlow and John Pendlebury in the
Great Seal Patent Office, on the 23rd January 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc,
SAMUEL BARLOW, junior, of Stakekill, in the County of Lancaster,
Bleacher, and JOHN PENDLEBURY, of Crumpsall, in the same County,
Bleacher, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her Most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the seven-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Samuel Barlow, junior, and John
Pendlebury, Her especial license that we, the said Samuel Barlow,
junior, and John Pendlebury, our executors, administrators,and assigns,
or such others as we, the said Samuel Barlow, junior, and John

page_text: Pendlebury, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR BLEACHING OR CLEANSING TEXTILE FABRICS OR MATERIALS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said Samuel Barlow, junior,
and John Pendlebury, (or one of us,) by an instrument in writing
under our hands and seals, (or under the hand and seal of one of us,)
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months nextand immediatoly after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Barlow, junior, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings
(that is to say):
Our improvements apply principally to the bleaching or cleansing of
manufactured, or what are commonly termed " piece "goods, or yarns
of cotton, linen, and other such materials or fabrics, by means of a cer-
tain novel arrangement of apparatus by which we are enabled to
employ steam at a high pressure to force the bleaching or cleansing
liquor through the "piece" or other goods, and therebymore effectually
remove or extract the dirt or other discolouring impurities than can be
done by percolation or other means now commonly adopted. The
machineryor apparatus employed comprises two or more vessels termed
"kiers," or otherwise, made of iron or other suitable material (the
material we prefer for such purposes is strong boiler plate iron); these
"kiers" are furnished with valves and pipes communicating with the
bottom and tops respectively of the opposite ones. The "piece" or
other goods having been placed upon the "grids," or other means of
support within the respective "kiers," the upper "grid" or cap is
forced down and upon the said "piece" or other goods with any
amount of pressure required by means of the wheels and screws con-
""

page_text: nected therewith, or by any other more suitable mechanism. Bleach-
ing liquid, at a necessary degree of heat, is first allowed to enter
the one "kier," and on to the upper surface of the piece or other
goods, and then steam is admitted into and at the top or other part of
the said "kier," which forces the bleaching liquid through the "piece"
or other goods contained therein, thence out of or through the aperture
at or in the bottom of the said "kier" into and up the pipe or pipes
communicating with the top or upper part of the second or adjoining
"kier." The steam is then shut off by means of a cock or valve from.
the "kier," out of which the bleaching liquids has just been expelled,
and is admitted into and at the top or upper part of the said second
or adjoining "kier," forcing the bleaching liquid through the "piece"
or othergoods contained within it (in like manner as operated upon in
the previous "kier") into and up the pipe or pipes communicating
with the top or upper part of, and thus back into, the "kier" first
acted upon. The above operations may be repeated until the "piece"
or other goods have become sufficiently bleached or cleansed. In order
more fully to describe the particular nature of our improvements, and
the machinery or apparatus for performing the same, we have attached
to these presents a Sheet of Drawings illustrative of the process, and
have marked thereon letters of reference corresponding with those in
the following description, similar letters of reference being placedupon
corresponding parts of the machinery in both the figures, which are
drawn upon a scale of about three quarters of an inch to the foot.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1, is an elevation shewing the arrangement of the "kiers," one
of them being shewn in section; and Fig. 2, is a plan or top view of
the saine. a, and b, are the "kiers; "c, the lower "grid" or perfo-
rated platform upon which the goods to be bleached are laid; d, the
upper grid or capconstructed of loose or removeable perforated bars c,
fitting into an annular recess in the ring f, which is lowered and
pressed upon the top of the said goods by means of the rods g, and
screws h, acted upon by the boss uut of the wheels i. k, is the pipe
connecting the bottom of the" kier "b, with the top of the adjoining
"kier" a; and 1,1, the corresponding pipe connecting the opposite ends

page_text: of the "keirs" a, and b. m, is a draw-off cock connected to a waste
pipe, by which the "kiers" can be emptied of any liquor, water, &c.
n, and o, are ordinary two-way valves or taps by which the steam
is admitted at the taps and into the respective "kiers" from the main
or service pipe p, and by the reversing of which shuts off the steam
communication, and admits the bleaching liquid as it becomes expelled
from the adjoining "kier." q, is a blowing off or regulating valve.
r, the pipe through which the bleaching liquid enters or is poured into
the "kier." s, s, manways or apertures closed by two cross bars or
frogs secured by bolts and nuts, through which the goods are introduced
and removed. t, t, are gauges by which is ascertained when the
bleaching liquid is forced from the one kier and has entered into the
adjoining one.
Having thus described the nature and object of our said improve-
ments, and the manner of carrying the same into practical effect, we
would remark,in conclusion, that we claim as of our Invention the im-
provements in machinery or apparatus for bleaching or cleansing textile
fabrics or materials as above particularly described and clearly exhibited
in the Drawings attached, whereby we are enabled to use, employ, or
apply high-pressure steam as a means of accelerating and more
efficiently performing such processes, and more particularly the use of
the top grid as herein applied, for the purpose of keeping the goods or
materials to be so operated upon in their place, without being in any
way confined to the precise dimensions or materials of which such
apparatus may bo composed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Barlow, junior, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of January,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
SAMUEL BARLOW, JUNIOR. (L.S.)