Improvements in or relating to Bleaching, Mordanting, Dyeing, Steaming, and analogous Processes, and Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Mar., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 18th Dec., 1894-Accepted, 2nd Feb., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Bleaching, Mordanting, Dyeing,
Steaming, and analogous Processes, and Apparatus therefor.
We, Dr. HEINRICH LANGE, of Crefeld, Rhine Provinces and Dr. RUDOLF
HÖMBERG, of Falkenburg, Pomerania, in the Empire of Germany, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
For the dyeing of warps for weaving purposes it has hitherto been customary to
employ the so-called warp-dyeing machines, or to pass the warp-threads through
the dye-baths as required, in the same manner as is done in the dressing-machine.
The improved process under this present invention consists in bleaching, mordanting,
dyeing, steaming or otherwise treating the warp-threads on the warp-beam, and in
general to submit them thus to all manipulation and processes of treatment,
which are necessary for the successful completion of the dyeing with the required
colour.
To this end the warp is beamed upon a hollow warp-beam made of metal or
other material, the annular wall of which is perforated. If warps of the same
width are to be dyed, beam-discs of the usual construction are employed; if on the
contrary, warps of different widths are to be dyed on the same warp-beam, the
beam-discs must be made adjustable, and so arranged that they at the same time
close all the perforations which are not for the time being used in the dyeing
process. This object may be attained by lengthening the sleeves of the beam-discs
and fixing the same by means of a screw or screws.
The warp beam is tapered at both ends or each end may be tapped with a female-
screw to receive at one end a conical plug for the purpose of enabling the warp-beam
to be temporarily fixed in the aperture provided beforehand for that purpose in the
apparatus wherein the warp is to be subjected to treatment in the process of
bleaching, mordanting, dyeing etc., and at the other end a screwed plug or cap.
In order that the precipitate or sedimentary deposit which is gradually formed
in the apparatus used for the bleaching, mordanting, dyeing etc. processes, may not
be deposited on the beamed warps during the passage of the fluid with which they
are to be treated, under suction or pressure, and, further also, in order that the
warps may not come into immediate contact with the metal body of the warp-beam,
as well as that the fluid should permeate the warps in a uniform and regular manner,
the perforated warp-beam, prior to the beaming of the warp, is endued with a
covering or jacket consisting of several layers of calico-shirting, linen, flannel, felt,
or other suitable material wound thereon. Over all the warp is beamed, and finally
receives a second similar jacket or covering.
The warp-beam so prepared is placed vertically in the dyeing chamber with its
conical lower end in a corresponding aperture at the bottom thereof and its upper
end closed with the screw-plug or cap.
Thereupon, by means of a pump the fluid for the dye or other bath, contained in
a reservoir is forced into the warp-beam and so, by means of the perforations,
through the warps and their inner and outer coverings, into the chamber of the
apparatus. When the fluid-level of the bath has attained to the desired height in
the said chamber the pump is reversed and the liquid withdrawn by suction through
the warp and perforated beam, and returned to the reservoir until the fluid-level
has fallen to a desired lower level the operation being continued alternately by

page_text: forcing the liquid into the cylinder and then withdrawing it, until the treatment
of the warp has been continued during a sufficient period to attain the result
desired.
For the rest, the alternate forcing of the liquid through the beamed warp
and its withdrawal by suction can be effected by the use of various mechanical
devices.
If the warp is to be steamed, a suitable three-way cock is reversed, to give
admission to steam; or the perforated warp-beam, carrying the beamed warp, as
described is placed in or on a shrinking or steaming apparatus, such as is employed
in connection with woollen or half-woollen piece-goods. Suitable pipes or cocks
are provided to empty the chamber and the reservoir.
After the drying of the warp which is effected by drawing hot air through it, the
warp-bean is laid directly in the weaving-loom.
It will be self-evident that several warp-beams can be similarly treated at once,
and in the same baths, as may be desired, by using a chamber, correspondingly
enlarged and provided with an adequate number of suitable inlet openings for the
reception of the required number of warp-beams, or by using a rectangular or other
suitably shaped chamber for bleaching, mordanting, dyeing, etc. The apparatus
may consist of two chambers with warp-beams fixed in them, in combination with
one another, and operated by the same pump. The reservoir for the reception of
the bath-liquor may then be dispensed with; the two cylinders being used alter-
nately, to serve as reservoirs. Thus, while in the one cylinder the liquor is being.
drawn through the warp by suction, in the other cylinder it is being forced through
the warp by pressure, and vice versú in alternation.
The liquid may be heated by the introduction of a steam coil either in the
chamber or in the reservoir.
This process is particularly well adapted for the dyeing and treatment of warps
of vegetable or animal spun-filaments with dyes which are capable of dyeing such
fibrous materials direct, or with dyes which require to be fixed by means of a
mordant; as well as to the production of colours on the filaments or fibres, such as
the azo-compound dyes, oxidations, and aniline black.
Dated this 22nd day of March 1894.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicants.
COMT DEIE DIECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Bleaching, Mordanting, Dyeing,
Steaming, and analogous Processes, and Apparatus therefor.
We, Dr. HEINRICH LANGE of Crefeld, Rhine Provinces, and Dr. RUDOLF
HOMBERG, of Falkenburg Pomerania, in the Empire of Germany, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
For the dyeing of warps for weaving purposes it has hitherto been customary
to employ the so-called warp-dyeing machines, or to pass the warp-threads
through the dye-baths as required, in the same manner as is done in the dressing-
machine.
The improved process under this present invention consists in bleaching,
mordanting, dyeing, steaming or otherwise treating the warp-threads on the warp-
beam, and in general to submit them thus to all manipulation and processes of
treatment, which are necessary for the successful completion of the dyeing with the
required colour.
To this end the warp is beamed upon a hollow warp-beam made of metal or other

page_text: suitable material, the annular wall of which is perforated. If warps of the same
width are to be dyed, beam-discs of the usual construction are employed as in
Fig. 1, if, on the contrary, warps of different widths are to be dyed on the same
warp-beam, the beam-discs must be made adjustable, and so arranged that they, at
the same time, close all the perforations which are not for the time being used in
the dyeing process. This object may be attained by lengthening the sleeves or
bosses of the beam-discs and fixing the same by means of a screw or screws.
In Fig. 2, A is the warp-beam; b the beam-discs provided with elongated sleeves.
or bosses, and c the screws for fixing the latter.
Like letters represent like parts throughout the drawings.
The warp-beam is tapered at both ends, as in Fig. 2, or each end may be tapped
with a female screw, to receive at one end a conical plug a (Fig. 1), for the purpose
of enabling the warp-beam to be temporarily fixed in the aperture provided
beforehand for that purpose in the apparatus wherein the warp is to be subjected
to treatment in the process of bleaching mordanting, dyeing etc., as in Fig. 3, aud
at the other end a screwed plug or cap d (Fig. 1).
In order that the precipitate or sedimentary deposit which is gradually formed
in the apparatus used for the bleaching, mordanting, dyeing etc., processes, may not
be deposited on the beamed warps during the passage of the fluid with which they
are to be treated, under suction or pressure, and, further also, in order that the
warps may not come into immediate contact with the metal body of the warp-beam,.
as well as that the fluid should permeate the warps in a uniform and regular manner,
the perforated warp-beam, prior to the beaming of the warp, is endued with a
covering or jacket consisting of several layers of calico-shirting, linen, flannel, felt
or other suitable material, wound thereon. Over all, the warp is beamed, and
finally receives a second similar jacket or covering.
The warp-beam so prepared is placed vertically in the dyeing chamber C with its
conical lower end in a corresponding aperture e at the bottom of C, and its upper
end closed with the screw-plug or cap d.
Thereupon, by means of a pump P, the fluid for the dye or other bath, contained
in the reservoir R is forced into the warp-beam A and so, by means of the
perforations, through the warps and their inner and outer coverings, into the
chamber C of the apparatus. When the fluid-level of the bath has attained to
the height indicated by the letter in the said chamber C the pump is reversed
and the liquid withdrawn by suction through the warp and perforated beam, and
returned to the reservoir R, until the fluid level has fallen to 1 or 2 the operation
being continued alternately by forcing the liquid into the cylinder up to f and then
withdrawing it, until the treatment of the warp has been continued during a sufficient
period to attain the result desired.
For the rest, the alternate forcing of the liquid through the beamed warp
and its withdrawal by suction can be effected by the use of various mechanical
devices.
If the warp is to be steamed, a suitable three-way cock h (Fig. 3) is reversed, to
give admission to steam from the steam-pipe g; or the perforated warp-beam,
carrying the beamed warp, as described, is placed in or on a shrinking or steaming
apparatus, such as is employed in connection with woollen or half-woollen piece-
goods. Suitable pipes or cocks i are provided to empty the chamber C and the
reservoir R.
After the drying of the warp which is effected by drawing or forcing hot air-
through it, the warp-beam is laid directly in the weaving loom.
It will be self-evident that several warp-beams can be similarly treated at once,
and in the same baths, as may be desired, by using a chamber C, correspondingly
enlarged and provided with an adequate number of suitable inlet openings for the
reception of the required number of warp-beams as in Fig. 4 for example or by
using a rectangular cr other suitably shaped chamber for bleaching, mordanting,
dyeing, etc. The apparatus may consist of two chambers C, with warp-beams' fixed
in them, in combination with one another, and operated by the same pump as in

page_text: Fig. 5. The reservoir R for the reception of the bath-liquor may then be
dispensed with; the two cylinders being used alternately, to serve as reservoirs.
Thus, while in one cylinder the liquor is being drawn through the warp by suction,
in the other cylinder, it is being forced through the warp by pressure, and vice versa
in alternation.
The liquid may be heated by the introduction of a steam coil k either in the
chamber as in Figs. 4 and 5 or in the reservoir R.
This process is particularly well adapted for the dyeing and treatment of warps
of vegetable or animal spun-filaments, with dyes which are capable of dyeing such
fibrous materials direct, or with dyes which require to be fixed by means of a
mordant; as well as to the production of colours on the filaments or fibres, such as
the azo-compound dyes, oxidations and aniline black.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. Bleaching mordanting dyeing steaming impregnating or analogously treating
beamed warps of spun filaments or fibres on perforated warp beams by drawing or
forcing the treating liquor through it after previously enduing or enwrapping the
warp beam itself and the warp beamed thereon severally with a covering or jacket
substantially as described.
2. In apparatus for bleaching mordanting dyeing steaming impregnating or
analogously treating beamed warps of spun filaments or fibres the employment in
combination with a perforated warp beam of two coverings or jackets immediately
surrounding one the warp beam and the other the warp upon the beam substantially
as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
3. In apparatus for bleaching mordanting dyeing steaming impregnating or
otherwise analogously treating beamed warps of spun filaments or fibres the
employment in combination with a perforated warp beam and two coverings or
jackets surrounding respectively the warp beam and the warp upon the beam of
adjustable discs substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
Dated this 18th day of December 1894.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicants.