Improvements in or relating to Reciprocating Engines, Pumps, or the like.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 24th July, 1896
Complete Specification Left, 31st Mar., 1897-Accepted, 12th June, 1997
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Reciprocating Engines, Pumps, or
the like.
A communication from KARL HENSCHEL, of 24 Uhlandstrasse, Dresden, A., Saxony,
in the Empire of Germany, Engineer.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 111 Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
In engines making use of the expansion of the motive power, (steam, gas or the
like) it is well known that the work done during the first half of the piston-stroke
is greater than that done during the second half, while the resistance to be overcome
(as for example in pumping) is approximately uniform. The object of this invention
is to so store up the excess of work of the first half of the stroke that it may be
utilized in the second.
This is effected by lifting
a load during the first half of the stroke which load
sinks during the second half of the stroke and causes the piston-rod to work.
A cross-head or block specially provided for the purpose and rigidly mounted
on the piston-rod works between two lover arms provided with rollers. A third
lever-arm connected to the two previously mentioned carries a load preferably in
the shape of a weight.
During the first half of the stroke the block on the piston rod presses on one of
the lever arms and lifts the weight. In the middle of the stroke the weight is
brought directly over the block into a position of unstable equilibrium. As soon as
the piston continues its movement the weight tends to tip over on the opposite side
of the block pressing on the latter and thus the work stored up during the first
half of the stroke helps to push the rod forwards during the second half.
A very suitable arrangement in many cases (especially for direct acting steam-
pumps) is obtained in a modification in which the pressure-water-column of the
pump forms the load. A cylinder in which a piston moves is built within the
air-chamber of the pump; this piston is connected with a lever arm by means of
a connecting-rod. During the first half of the stroke this piston is pushed into its
cylinder, after passing the central position, the pressure-water-coluinn presses the
piston out again during the second half of the stroke. As regards the rest, the
action of the arrangement is the same as in the previous case.
Other means such as steam, compressed air or the like may of course be employed
to act on the piston in this modification.
In the form of construction first described the moved mass is great in consequence
of the swinging weight; the pressures of the masses are great in this form of
construction and the power-equalizing pressures may therefore be small.
In the modification the moved masses are not as great as in the first form; the
pressure of the masses are therefore smaller and the power-equalizing pressures
inust be greater.
הנוח
3411
1000
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in or relating to Reciprocating Engines, Pumps, or
the like.
A communication from KARL HENSCHEL, of 24 Uhlandstrasse, Dresden, A., Saxony,
in the Empire of Germany, Engineer.
1, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, of 111 Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
In engines making use of the expansion of the motive-power (steam, gas or the
like) it is well known that the work done during the first half of the piston-stroke is
greater than that done during the second half, while the resistance to be overcome
(as for example in pumping) is approximately uniform. The object of this invention
is to so store up the excess of work of the first half of the stroke that it may be
utilized in the second.
This is effected by lifting a load during the first half of the stroke which load
sinks during the second half of the stroke and causes the piston-rod to work. In
the accompanying drawings two arrangements are shown; they differ from each
other inasmuch as the load in the one case is a weight and in the other case the
pressure of a fluid.
Figures 1, 2, and 3 represent a piston rod with the arrangement in three positions
showing the operation of the parts. A cross head or block K specially provided for
the purpose and rigidly mounted on the piston rod works between two lever
arms and provided with rollers in the manner shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3. A
third lever-arin e on the same axis as a and b carries a load Q preferably in the form
of a weight.
During the first half of the stroke, when the piston as shown in Figure 1 enters
upon its right-hand motion, the block K on the piston rod presses on one of the
lever-arms, a, and lifts the weight Q which swings to the left. In the middle of the
stroke the weight is brought directly over the block into the position shown in
Figure 2, the arm e with the weight Q being now in a position of unstable
equilibrium. As soon as the piston continues its movement the weight tends to
tip over on the opposite side of the block K, pressing on the latter and thus the
work stored up during the first half of the stroke helps to push the rod forwards
during the second half.
A very suitable arrangement in many cases (especially for direct acting steam-
pumps) is obtained in the modification shown in Figures 4 and 5 the former of which
is a side elevation partly in section of the steam-pump while the latter is an end
elevation also partly in section. The pressure-water-column of the pump forms the
load in this case. A cylinder in which a piston H moves is built within the air-
chamber of the pump; this piston is connected with a lever arme by means of a
connecting-rod. During the first half of the stroke this piston H is pushed into
its cylinder, after passing the central position of c, the pressure-water-column presses
the piston out again during the second half of the stroke. As regards the rest, the
action of the arrangement is the same as in the previous case.
Other means such as steam, compressed air or the like may of course he employed
to act on the piston H in this modification.
By the diagrams shown in Figures 6 and 7 the action of the power-equalizing
arrangement is shown. The curve B-C is a diagram of the pressure above the
atmospheric pressure of a steam engine, F-G is the curve of the power-equalizing
pressure. The driving power of the steam is greater during the first period of the

page_text: stroke and smaller during the second period than the uniform resistance D-E. The
excess of steam-power of the first period of the stroke is stored up in part by the
power-equalizer in the manner represented and is delivered or given out during the
second period of the stroke. The remaining part of the excessive steam-pressure,
represented by hatch-lines is then used to set the parts in motion. The moved parts
as is well-known store up a portion of the excesss of steam-power increasing with
the greatness of the mass and the square of velocity and thus on their part also act
as power-equalizers.
In the form of construction first described and shown in Figures 1 to 3 the moved
mass is great in consequence of the swinging weight Q; the pressures of the masses
are great in this form of construction and the power-equalizing pressures may
therefore be small as shown in Figure 6.
In the modification shown in Figures 4 and 5 the moved masses are not as great
as in the first form; the pressure of the masses are therefore smaller and the
power-equalizing pressures must be greater as shown in Figure 7.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion as communicated to me by foreign correspondent and in what manner
the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
1. A power equalizer for reciprocating engines characterized by a system of
three lever-arms two of which (a & b) engage in the reciprocating motion of the
piston rod with a block such as K on the piston rod or cross head while the third (c)
carries a load in such a manner that in the first half of the stroke the load is lifted
by the block and one of the arms while after passing over the central position of the
arm carrying the weight it pushes the block by means of the other arm and thus
during the second half of the stroke gives out the work stored up during the first
half to the piston rod substantially in the manner described.
2. A power equalizer of the character described in which the load is a weight
(such as Q) which is lifted during the first half of the stroke to a position of
unstable equilibrium passes over this position at the middle of the stroke and during
the second half acts as a driving device substantially as described.
3. A power equalizer of the character described in which the load is formed by
a piston (such as H) connected to one arm of the device by a rod the piston
working in a cylinder connected with a water, air steam or the like pressure-vessel
substantially as described.
4. The combination and arrangements of parts constituting the complete power
equalizing device substantially as described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3 of
the accompanying drawings.
5. The combination and arrangements of parts constituting the complete power
equalizing device substantially as described and illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 of the
accompanying drawings.
3008
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.