Year: 1885

page_text: I, CHARLES ARTHUR ALLISON, of the firm of Allison Brothers, of 52 Chancery
Lane, London, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agents, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to that class of live spindles for spinning in which all the
bearings for the spindle are located within a bolster case; and it has for its object
to secure a greater steadiness when running at high speed and to prevent the
spindle from being drawn from the centre of the ring by the band pull.
To accomplish these results I provide a fixed step or journal bearing for the
foot of the spindle composed of any non-metallic and yielding substance, such as
leather, wood or cork, and located within a bolster case of usual construction.
Immediately above and resting upon such step bearing I place a metallic bolster
bearing, or bolster tube, closely fitted within the bolster case and extending
upward around the spindle to a point within a sleeve-whirl, about on a line with
the plane of the band pull, thereby giving the spindle a positive support against
the band pull and preventing its being drawn out of the centre of the ring. Above
such bolster bearing and above the plane of the band pull I surround the spindle
with an auxiliary bearing of a like non-metallic material, adapted to receive the
spindle and afford it lateral support in case of vibration. These alternate section's
of metallic and non-metallic supports are firmly compressed together and held
within the bolster case by means of a screw cap or plug attached to the upper end
of the bolster case and forming, when applied, a part or extension of such case.
By this construction the intermediate metallic bolster bearing receives the entire
lateral pressure of the spindle due to the band tension and affords it ample support
when running steadily and without vibration. While the non-metallic step
bearing below, and auxiliary bearing above, operate to reinforce the bolster
bearing and give the spindle additional support in case vibration occurs. This
operation is more clearly understood when it is known that spindles of this class
gyrate, when unequally loaded, about a centre of motion which is located within.
the plane of the band pull. Spindles of this class as heretofore constructed, when
designed to embody a self-centreing capacity and run without gyration under an
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page_text: unequally distributed bobbin load, have been formed with the bolster and step
bearing integral; the same being fitted loosely within the bolster case to allow
lateral movement, and surrounded therein by a yielding cushion. I have discovered,
however, that better and more permanent results are obtained, if the bolster bearing
is closely fitted within the bolster case and the foot of the spindle extended down
through and below the bolster bearing into a fixed step of non-metallic material;
such material being also applied to the spindle above the metallic bolster bearing,
to reinforce the same and cushion the spindle in case of vibration as before
described.
By thus placing the yielding material above and below the metallic bolster
bearing, instead of around it, greater steadiness of rotation is secured and the
spindle is not drawn from the centre of the ring by the band tension as is the case
with the yielding bearing.
Above the plane of the band groove the internal diameter of the bolster bearing
is enlarged, and loosely encircles the spindle upward, to a point above the top of
the bolster case. This enlarged extension serves as a receptacle for surplus oil,
carried up by the rotation of the spindle, and being extended above the top of the
bolster case it bears against the lower end of the non-metallic auxiliary bearing
which is also preferably made from leather.
The surplus oil accumulating in the enlargement escapes' through an orifice in
the bolster bearing and flows downwardly through a groove in the periphery of
said bearing, and re-enters the bearing through an orifice in its lower portion.
ALLISON BRO®,
Agents for the Applicant. 25
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improvement in Bearings for Spindles of Spinning and like
Machines.
I, CHARLES ARTHUR ALLISON, of the firm of Allison Brothers, of 52 Chancery
Lane, London, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agents, do hereby declare the 3
nature of this invention, which has been communicated to me from abroad by
Charles Henry Chapman, of Groton, Massachusetts, United States of America,
Machinist, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:--
My invention relates to that class of live spindles and bolsters therefor in which 3
all the bearings for the spindles are located within the bolster; and it consists,
first, in providing two non-metallic bearing sections for the spindles, one being
J

page_text: located at the foot of the spindle, and the other at a point above the whirl, and,
also, in providing means for compressing said bearings and thereby adjusting them
to the spindle and causing them to support the latter steadily.
The invention also consists in providing a rigid metallic bearing between said
non-metallic compressible bearings.
The invention also consists in certain details and minor combinations of parts,
all of which I will now proceed to describe.
Of the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, Figure 1 is
a sectional elevation, showing the spindle with its sleeve whirl, the bolster case
and the several sections of the compound bolster bearing, all in their working
positions. Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of the screw cap and upper auxiliary
bearing removed. Fig. 3 is a plan of the metallic bolster bearing. Fig. 4
represents a sectional elevation showing different means for compressing the
non-metallic bearings. Fig. 5 represents a modification of the construction shown
in Fig. 4. Fig. 6 represents a perspective view of the modified form of bearing
shown in Fig. 5, removed, and Fig. 7 represents an elevation of the screw cap
shown in Figures 4 and 5.
I will first refer to and describe the construction shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3;
this construction having for its particular object to secure a greater steadiness
when running at high speed to prevent the spindle from being drawn from the
centre of the ring by the band pull.
To accomplish these results, I provide a fixed step or journal bearing for the
foot of the spindle, composed of any non-metallic and yielding substance, such as
leather, wood or cork, and located within a bolster case of usual construction.
Immediately above and resting upon such step bearing, I place a metallic bolster
bearing, or holster tube, closely fitted within the bolster case and extending
upward around the spindle to a point within a sleeve whirl, about on a line with
the plane of the band pull, thereby giving the spindle a positive support against
the hand pull and preventing its being drawn out of the centre of the ring. Above
such bolster bearing and above the plane of the band pull, I surround the spindle
with an auxiliary bearing of a like non-metallic material adapted to receive the
spindle and afford it lateral support in case of vibration. These alternate sections
of metallic and non-metallic supports are firmly compressed together and held
within the bolster case by means of a screw cap or plug attached to the upper end
of the bolster case and forming, when applied, a part or extension of such case.
By this construction the intermediate metallic bolster bearing receives the entire
lateral pressure of the spindle due to the band tension, and affords it ample support
when running steadily and without vibration. While the non-metallic step
bearing below and auxiliary bearing above operate to reinforce the bolster bearing
and give the spindle additional support in case vibration occurs. This operation
is more clearly understood when it is known that spindles of this class gyrate,
when unequally loaded, about a centre of motion which is located within the plane
of the band pull. Spindles of this class as heretofore constructed, when designed
to embody a self-centreing capacity and run without gyration under an unequally
distributed bobbin load, have been formed with the bolster and step bearing
integral; the same being fitted loosely within the bolster case to allow lateral
movement, and surrounded therein by a yielding cushion. I have discovered,
however, that better and more permanent results are obtained if the bolster
bearing is closely fitted within the bolster case, and the foot of the spindle
extended down through and below the bolster bearing into a fixed step of non-
metallic material; such material being also applied to the spindle above the
metallic bolster bearing to reinforce the same and cushion the spindle in case of
vibration, as before described.
By thus placing the yielding material above and below the metallic bolster
bearing, instead of around it, greater steadiness of rotation is secured and the
spindle is not drawn from the centre of the ring by the band tension; as is the case
with the yielding bearing
"

page_text: In Fig. 1 it will be seen that the bolster case, B, is of usual construction. At
the bottom of the case is placed the fixed step bearing, c, preferably made from
leather and having the form of an annular disk. Resting upon the non-metallic
step bearing c is the metallic bolster bearing, d, closely fitted within the bolster
case and affording the spindle, A, a direct lateral support upward, to a point about
on a line with the band groove of the whirl. Above the plane of the band groove,
the internal diameter of the bolster bearing is enlarged at b, and loosely encircles
the spindle upward, to a point above the top of the bolster case.
This enlarged
extension serves as a receptacle for surplus oil carried up by the rotation of the
spindle, and being extended above the top of the bolster case it bears against the
lower end of the non-metallic auxiliary bearing, e, which is also preferably made
from leather. This bearing is located within the retaining cap or screw-cap, f,
which is screwed onto a threaded portion of the bolster case, as shown, and when
the top is screwed down to place, the bearing e is thereby brought down upon the
head of the bolster bearing d, and the several sections, c, d, e, are pressed firmly
together and held in place by such screw-cap.
The central opening in the head of the cap is somewhat greater in diameter than
that through the bearing e, as shown, in order that the spindle may always come
in contact with the bearing rather than with the cap.
The surplus oil accumulating in the enlargement b escapes through an orifice, 8,
in the bolster bearing and flows downwardly through a groove, t, in the periphery
of said bearing, and re-enters the bearing through an orifice, s2, in its lower portion.
An important advantage of this form of construction is the fact that the spindle
does not require to be fitted as closely in the bolster bearing as heretofore, and
hence runs with less power and will continue to run steadily after the bolster
bearing becomes worn; also, that any shrinkage or wear in the non-metallic
bearings may be quickly corrected by screwing down the cap and compressing
such bearings as required.
While I have thus far described and laid particular stress upon the employ-
ment of an upper and a lower non-metallic bearing, and an intermediate metallic
bearing, I do not wish to be understood as limiting myself to the combination of
these three bearings, nor to the means above described for compressing the non-
metallic bearings; I prefer in some cases to dispense with the intermediate metallic
bearing and form the spindle so that it will have no contact or bearing at or near
the plane of the band pull, and form the spindle of such a size between the
bearings that it shall have a slight elastic or yielding capacity, and not only be
able to utilize more completely the cushion effect of the band tension, but also to
spring or yield at or near the plane of the band pull when acted upon by the
forces developed by an unequally balanced bobbin load, and thereby enable to
better adjust itself to such load and run steadily at high speed without gyration.
Spindles, as heretofore constructed, which were designed to embody a self-centreing
capacity, have been provided with metal bearings loosely fitted within the bolster
case and cushioned therein by means of oil or other elastic packing surrounding
the bearing, and it is well known to secure a proper steadiness of rotation the
spindle must be made to fit its bearings very closely at all times. From this fact
the bearings have to be frequently renewed; but such renewals are not entirely
Buccessful as the bearing surfaces of the spindle have themselves become more or
less worn and do not therefore properly fill the renewed bearing: hence it has
been practically impossible heretofore, to secure a proper fit of the spindle and its
bearings after they have once worn.
Before my invention no attempt, so far as I am aware, has been made to over-
come this defect by providing the spindle with bearings having an elastic or
compressible capacity, and applying means whereby either of such bearings could
be adjusted by compression at any time, and a close and accurate fit thereby
maintained. I am not aware, also, that heretofore any attempt has been made to
secure the necessary cushion for this class of spindles, by supporting the spindle

page_text: wholly within bearings formed from non-metallic and yielding material and
possessing in themselves the necessary degree of softness or elasticity to cushion
the spindle against vibration and enable it to yield laterally when seeking its
true centre of rotation. I have found by experiment, however, that by the use
of such non-metallic, yielding material I am able to secure the double function of
the capacity for compression and adjustment and also that of the cushion effect
described. The combined effect of these, together with the arrangement of the
bearings and form of spindle, cooperate to secure the object of this feature of my
invention, viz: to provide a spindle which can be run at very high rates of speed
without vibration, under all the conditions which occur in practical use.
aware that before my invention spindles of this class having a sleeve-whirl have
been constructed without bearing contact at the plane of the band pull; but I am
not aware that such spindles have been made of a size, between its bearings, to
enable them to yield to the centrifugal force of the bobbin load when seeking a
true centre of rotation, or that such spindles were combined with bearings which
would permit of such yielding.
I am
The modification of my invention last above described is shown in Figures 4, 5,
6 and 7.
In Fig. 4 it will be seen that the step bearing b is applied to the bolster case or
housing B from below, and is held in place against the fixed shoulder c by means
of the screw plug p. This bearing is preferably made in sections, 1, 2, 3, formed
from any non-metallic, compressible material, such as vulcanized fibre, leather,
cork, etc. I have found the vulcanized fibre to be the most desirable material,
however. The lower section, 3, serves to receive the vertical pressure of the
spindle s and at the same time operate to close the bearing against the escape of
oil when the plug p is screwed up to its normal pressure.
From this construction it is evident that as the step bearing becomes loose by
reason of wear or otherwise, a slight turn of the screw plug will compress the
yielding bearing against the shoulder c, and it will be forced by the pressure to
close around the spindle step until a proper fit is secured. The upper or bolster
bearing, b', is adjusted in a similar manner: the screw cap, a, constitutes a sleeved
extension of the supporting tube, d, and serves as a housing for the bolster bearing.
When the cap is screwed down, the bearing is received against the head of the
supporting tube d, and the bearing compressed until a proper fit is secured.
In Fig. 5 the bearings, b, 61, are shown as tapering externally and fitted to
corresponding tapers formed in the housing which supports them. This form
greatly increases the capacity for adjustment. When this form is used, they are
preferably made from a solid plug and with one side or wall cut through and
opened in a spiral course, as shown at el in Fig. 6.
It will be observed that the spindle s takes no contact or bearing at or near the
plane of the band pull, and that it is reduced in size from that point downward to
the step. This construction and arrangement not only allows the spindle to
receive the full cushion effect due to the band tension, which it could not do if it
had contact at that point, but it also allows it to spring or yield slightly between
its bearings, and thereby change the direction of its axis of rotation to accomodate
an unequally distributed bobbin load. It is obvious that the excess of leverage
and weight of load above the bearings is so great that a slight capacity to yield
between the bearings will give an ample latitude of accomodation to the bobbin
load above. It is also obvious that the spindle could not thus yield to its load
were it held in rigid bearings. I have found that, in practice, the form of spindle
as shown in Fig. 4 is best adapted for warp and the heavier forms of bobbins.
While for filling quills and very light bobbin loads the spindle should be reduced,
as shown in Fig. 5, in order that it may yield to the controlling effect of its load.
I do not wish to limit myself to the particular form or arrangement of the
screw cap and plug as means for applying pressure to the bearings, as such form
and arrangement may be varied as desired.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is-
1st The combination, of a spindle and its whirl, a bolster case, & lower non-
metallic bearing section adapted to support the foot of the spindle, an upper non-
metallic bearing section adapted to support the spindle and steady it against
vibration at a point above the whirl, and means for compressing said bearings,
and thereby adjusting them to the spindle.
2nd A spindle, its sleeve whirl and bolster case, combined with a compound or
sectional bearing consisting of a lower non-metallic section adapted to receive the
foot of the spindle, an intermediate metallic section adapted to support the spindle
against the band pull, and an upper auxiliary non-metallic section adapted to
afford additional support to the spindle and steady it against vibration, as
described.
3rd The bolster case B provided with the non-metallic step bearing c located at
the bottom of the case, and with the metallic bolster bearing resting upon the step
bearing, and extending above the neck of the bolster case, combined with the
retaining capf provided with the auxiliary non-metallic bearing e, and adapted to
sleeve the neck of the bolster case and hold such auxiliary bearing firmly against
the metallic bolster bearing, as set forth.
4th A spindle and its whirl, combined with a bolster case having independent
and elastic or compressible step and bolster bearings for such spindle, and provided
with screws to retain such bearings in place and afford means whereby pressure
may be applied independently to each of the said bearings and the same adjusted
to the spindle, as set forth.
5th A spindle and its whirl and a tubular bolster case therefor having a fixed
internal shoulder, and provided with an independent and elastic or compressible
step bearing for the foot of the spindle, combined with a screw plug applied to the
lower end of the bolster case and adapted to force the step bearing upward against
the said shoulder and compress it about the foot of the spindle, as set forth.
6th A spindle having its lower end reduced and provided with a sleeve whirl,
combined with a bolster case provided with independent and yielding bearings
adapted to support the spindle without contact at, or near, the plane of the band
pull, as set forth.