IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1877

page_text: "
LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Holding, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, and John Crossley, of Heywood, in the same County, Manufacturer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING AND IN
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Sealed the 4th December 1877, and dated the 7th June 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Holding and John
Crossley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th June
1877.
:
"
JOSEPH HOLDING, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer; and
JOHN CROSSLEY, of Heywood, in tlie same County, Manufacturer. IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Our Invention relates in the first place to the crank arms of looms, and has for
its object to dispense with the straps and cottars.
In the first place each arm is formed in two parts, one half of each bearing being
in each part, the two parts being fastened together by bolts, or in two parts hinged
together and crossing as in scissors or plyers, the hinge pin being by preference
near one end.
In the latter arrangement a bolt or screw near the other end secures the arm
when placed in position. The two ends may be bored to fit the shaft and pin, or
one or both ends may be fitted with steps, as preferred.
In the second place each arm is formed wholly or principally of a strip or bar of
steel or wrought iron bent and folded, the two ends of the strip being formed to
suit the crank, or the steps or ends. which may be fitted to work in contact with
the said crank. The arm is secured when in position by means of a.
bolt or
bolts.
A second part of the Invention relates to the picking bands. A strip of material
known as buffalo hide is employed in lieu of the ordinary strap. The said strip is
ointed by one end to a doubled strip of hide which hooks into the picker, the other
end of the said strip being connected with the picking stick by means of a short
eather strap or shackle. We prefer to form the joint pins of moulded hide, which

page_text: may
be doubled so as to form a split pin. The connections may be varied to some
extent so long as they permit the necessary play to suit the comparative rigidity of
the hide. We prefer to double the end of the hide where perforated for
attachment.
A third part of the Invention relates to the temples.
In one arrangement revolving wheels or discs are mounted one within the other,
and provided with pins in their faces and near their peripheries and inclining
outwards. The axis of motion is inclined so that the teeth take hold of the
selvedge, a shield covering portions of the wheel to prevent the contact of the cloth
with the teeth not travelling in a suitable direction.
In another arrangement rollers which are formed with collars in or on which the
pin points are fixed or formed are employed. The said rollers are so formed and
arranged with relation to each other, as that the collars on one roller are opposite
to the spaces between the collars of the adjacent roller or rollers, the points in the
one roller entering the spaces on the other roller or rollers. The collars on one
roller may be arranged to enter the spaces on the other roller or rollers to some
extent.
A fourth part of the Invention relates to the warp beams, and consists in sub-
stituting annular discs of sheet iron or steel for the ordinary cast iron ends. We
prefer to use sheet steel for this purpose. The said discs are secured to the beams
in a suitable manner, or by means of angle brackets which are bolted to the discs,
and are also fastened by means of screws or bolts to, the beam. This method of
attachment facilitates the application of the discs to beams of various diameters.
We may employ annular discs formed of wood, paper, or other suitable material,
and attach them to the beams in a similar manner.
A fifth part of the Invention relates to the healds, and consists in forming one or
both shafts in two parts, between which springs are interposed in order to impart
elasticity to the action of the healds.
A sixth part of the Invention relates to the shuttles employed in looms, and
consists in forming them of moulded hide, or of forming them in separate parts
secured together.
In some cases we should employ wood for the two ends, and two strips of hide,
wood, steel, or other suitable material for the two sides of the shuttle, the hide
being riveted or secured to the wood ends. By this method of construction broken
shuttles can be repaired and used again.
A remaining part of the Invention has for its object to lubricate the spindles
upon which the pickers slide. A reservoir to contain lubricant is secured to the
sley, and is provided with a band of absortent material, one end of which dips
into the lubricant, the other end thereof being secured to the spindle in front of the
check strap, so that the said band is slid to and fro on the spindle to some extent
by the actions of the picker and the said check strap, and imparts lubricant to the
spindle.
To prevent the lubricant from splashing out, the said reservoir is by preference
formed with a dip pipe through which the said band passes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Joseph Holding and John Crossley in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 7th December 1877.
JOSEPH HOLDING, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, and
JOHN CROSSLEY, of Heywood, in the same County, Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN.'
"
Our Invention relates in the first place to the "crank arms" of looms, and has
for its object to dispense with the straps and cottars.
We in the first place form each arm in two parts, one half of each bearing being
in each part, the two parts being fastened together by bolts, or in two parts hinged
together and crossing as in scissors or plyers, the hinge pin being by preference near
one end.
In the latter arrangement a bolt or screw near the other end secures the arm
when placed in position. The two ends may be bored to fit the shaft and pin, or
one or both ends may be fitted with steps as preferred.
In the second place we form each arm wholly or principally of a strip or bar of
steel or wrought iron bent and folded, the two ends of the strip being formed to
suit the crank, or the steps or ends which may be fitted to work in contact with
the said crank. The arm is secured when in position by means of a bolt or
bolts.
A second part of our Invention relates to the temples.
In one arrangement we employ revolving wheels or discs mounted one within the
other, and provided with pins in their faces and near their peripheries and inclining
outwards.
In another arrangement we employ rollers which are formed with collars, in or
on which the pin points are fixed or formed.
A third part of our Invention relates to the warp beams, and consists in sub-
stituting annular discs of sheet steel or material for the ordinary cast iron ends.
We prefer to use sheet steel for this purpose.
A fourth part of our Invention relates to healds, and consists in forming one or
both shafts in two parts, between which springs are interposed in order to impart
elasticity to the action of the healds.
A fifth part of our Invention relates to the shuttles employed in looms, and
consists in formning them of moulded hide, or in forming them of separate parts
secured together.
In some cases we should employ wood for the two ends, and two strips of hide,
wood, steel, or other suitable inaterial, for the two sides of the shuttle, the hide
being riveted or secured to the wood ends. By this method of construction, broken
shuttles can be repaired and used again.
A remaining part of the Invention has for its object to lubricate the spindles
upon which the pickers slide. A reservoir to contain lubricant is secured to the
sley, and is provided with a band of absorbent material, one end of which dips into
the lubricant, the other end thereof being secured to the spindle in front of the
check strap, so that the said band is slid to and fro on the spindle to some extent by
the actions of the picker and 'the said check strap, and imparts lubricant to the
spindle.
And in order that our Invention may be well understood, we have appended
hereunto a Sheet of Drawings to which we will now refer.
Figs. 1 to 4 drawn about one-half the full size illustrate our said improvements
in crank arms. In Fig. 1 the crank arm consists of two similar parts a, a¹,
formed of steel, which are bolted together at b, b. At each end of each part
is formed the half of a bearing to suit the crank and the joint pin on the sley
sword respectively. The two bearings may be bored after the two parts are bolted
together, or each end or one end of the arm may be formed to receive a pair of
steps.

page_text: It will be seen that the crank arm may be readily applied to the loom in two
parts, and that when in position all that is necessary is to bolt the two parts
together.
Figs. 2 and 3 illustrate a modification in the form of crank arm. In this example
the two parts c, c², made of cast iron or other suitable material cross each other, as
in the case of the two parts of a pair of plyers. The part c¹ is formed with a slot
through which the smaller end of c passes. The two parts are joined together at d
by means of a pin. When the arm is to be placed in position on the loom, the arm
is opened, that is to say, the ends of the two parts are separated so as to admit the
crank and joint pin; the parts are then closed and secured by means of a bolt é.
This crank arm may also be bored to be fitted with steps as in the case of the
previous example.
In the example illustrated by Fig. 4, a strip or thin bar of iron or steel, or a
length of hoop iron or of a similar material is bent into the form indicated, and
secured by means of two bolts f, f.
The ends forming the bearings may be bored, rimered, ground, or otherwise
finished to form a sufficiently true bearing surface, or may be fitted with steps.
It will be seen that in all the examples the ordinary cottars and straps which are
liable to work loose are dispensed with.
Figs. 5 to 8, drawn about the full size, illustrate the second part of our Invention;
Fig. 5 represents a temple provided with pin discs; and Fig. 6 represents a section;
and Fig. 7, a plan of the said discs. Two discs g, g', are employed, one disc being
arranged to fit into a recess formed in the other and to have an independant
action.
The faces of the discs are set with pins which are inclined in the manner indi-
cated in Fig. 6. The two discs are mounted upon a stud which is inclined as
indicated in Fig. 5. The cloth passes between the two guides h, h³, and is held by
the pins on the faces of the discs. The shield h¹ covers the lower portions of the
disc and prevents the contact of the cloth with teeth not travelling in the same
direction as the cloth.
Fig. 8 represents portions of two temple rollers; each roller is formed with collars
in or on which the pins are set or formed. The collars on one roller are arranged
to be opposite to the spaces between the collars on the other roller, so that the pins
can enter the said spaces, whereby. the holding points of the two rollers are brought
closer together.
In some cases the collars on one roller may enter the said spaces on the other
roller, to some extent the said spaces being made sufficiently deep to clear the
pins.
The rollers may be made of wood, metal, or other suitable material, and be
mounted in the usual or in a suitable manner.
Figs. 9 and 10 illustrate the third part of our Invention.
In the said Figs. A represents a portion of a warp beam of any ordinary or
suitable construction, and i represents one of the ends. The said end is formed of
sheet iron or steel, but preferably of steel of a thickness to furnish a sufficient
amount of strength. The end is cut in the form of a disc having a central hole
through which the beam passes. The disc is secured to the beam by means of
brackets k, l, which are screwed to the beam, and are bolted to the said disc.
We may employ annular discs formed of wood, paper, or other suitable material,
and attach them to the beams in a similar manner.
The number of the brackets & may be less or more than four.
Fig. 11 illustrates the fourth part of our Invention, wherein 1, 1, represent the
two parts which we employ in lieu of the ordinary heald shaft. Between, the said
two parts we interpose springs m, m; the healds are attached to the part 1, and the
tieing-up cords or straps to the part 7, so that the strain upon the healds is
transmitted through the springs, whereby greater elasticity in the action of the
healds is obtained, and the durability of the healds is promoted. This method of
construction may be applied to one shaft, or to both shafts of a set of healds.

page_text: A fifth part of our Invention is illustrated by Fig. 12, which represents a
shuttle constructed in accordance with our Invention. In the said Fig. n, n, are
the two ends formed of wood as is usual, and o, o, are two sides formed of buffalo
hide, wood, steel, or other suitable material, riveted, screwed, or attached to the
two ends so as to form a complete shuttle. This method of construction is
applicable in the utilisation of broken shuttles; the two ends of a broken shuttle
may be cut and prepaired to receive the sides o, o, for attachment in the manner
indicated.
In some cases we form the two ends of buffalo hide as well as the sides, and
mould the shuttle into form by pressure, as when making pickers.
The remaining part of our Invention is illustrated by Fig. 13, which represents a
vertical section of an oil reservoir. The said reservoir may be made of tin or other
metal or material, and is adapted for attachment to the sley so as to be in the
vicinity of the picker spindle. A flat wick p dips into the oil in the reservoir; the
outer end of this wick is passed around the spindler which is to be lubricated, and
is secured so as to remain in contact with the spindle. The oil is conveyed by
capilliary attraction by the wick p to the spindle. As the picker slides to and fro,
it is caused to touch the end of the wick, and to slide on the part of the spindle
which receives oil from the said wick, and the picker distributes the lubricant over
the spindle to a sufficient extent.
To prevent the splashing of the oil the reservoir is formed with an internal dip
pipe 8, through which the wick passes.
Other lubricant than oil may be used in some cases, or if preferred in any case.
Having now fully set forth and indicated the nature of our said Invention, and
means whereby the same may be carried into effect, we would have it to be under-
stood in conclusion that we claim,-
First. The steel crank arm consisting of two parts bolted together, substantially
as set forth and indicated herein-before, and by Fig. 1 of the accompanying
Drawings.
Secondly. The crank arm consisting of two parts jointed together, substantially
as set for forth and indicated herein-before, and by Figs. 2 and 3.
Thirdly. The crank arm formed of a single strip of metal bent into form, sub-
tantially as set forth and indicated herein-before, and by Fig. 4.
Fourthly. The temple provided with two concentric pin wheels or discs, sub-
stantially as set forth and indicated.
Fifthly. Forming the rollers of roller temples with collars in or on which the
pins are fixed or formed, substantially as and for the purpose set forth and
indicated.
Sixthly. Forming the ends of warp beams by attaching annular discs of sheet
steel or material to the beams, substantially as and for the purpose set forth and
indicated.
Seventhly. The employment of springs applied, substantially as and for the
purpose set forth and indicated herein-before, and by Fig. 11.
Eighthly. The method of forming shuttles or of repairing broken shuttles, sub-
stantially as set forth and indicated.
Ninthly. Forming shuttles wholly or partly of hide.
And, Lastly. The method of and means for lubricating the spindles upon which
pickers slide.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Holding, for myself and on behalf of
the said John Crossley, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of
December, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
JOSEPH HOLDING. (L.S.)