IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES PROVISIONAL SPATION
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Naylor of Penistone in the County of York,
Steel works Manager for an invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Naylor at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th March 1882.
WILLIAM NAYLOR of Penistone in the County of York, Steel Works Manager
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES AND IN THE MODE OF MANUFACTURING THE
SAME
"
My invention has for its object improvements in projectiles and in the mode of
manufacturing them, by which means I am enabled to produce a projectile that
will penetrate a modern steel faced armour plate without the back end breaking
up into fragments, which is the case with cast iron chilled shot and shell as now
made. The attempt has been made to make solid steel shot hardened, but the
process is most uncertain, expensive, and altogether unsatisfactory in its results.
Now my object is to produce a shot having a body of maximum toughness
compatible with its purpose and design with an outside or exterior of such
hardness that it shall be capable of cutting its way into the hardest faced armour
plate that can possibly be made and worked to a ships side; and I effect this
object in the following manner :- I construct an ingot mould which may be less
in size than the actual shot required and then run into this mould Bessemer or
other steel of suitable toughness to withstand violent impact without fracture.
This ingot is then subjected to pressure, or forged or rolled, or otherwise shaped so
as to form the body of the projectile. The size of the ingot will be determined by
the quality of the material used and the amount of pressure and working required
in its preparation. This may be done immediately after the ingot is cast and
while in a semi fluid state or it may be reheated for that purpose.-Or this body
part might be made of tough wrought iron.
The body thus formed is then heated to a high temperature and whilst thus
heated I cover it with an outer casing or coating of molten metal such as Cast iron,
D

page_text: Spiegelison Ferromanganese or Steel which may be done in a suitable chill or
mould. The whole while in a hot state may then be submitted to hydraulic or
other pressure for the purpose of securing a thorough unity between the body and
the outer coating, and for the purpose also of obtaining the greatest possible
density.
.
Projectiles so made might properly be called " Compound projectiles" for they
would possess the distinct properties of completely different metals in character
while the metals would be one practically and the junction when viewed in section
would indicate a gradually changing degree of hardness or softness and not a
sudden change at the junction as might be expected.
Though my invention has particular reference to projectiles the process may be
used for making rolls or armour plates which I should coat with such metals as
hard cast iron, Spiegelison, or Ferromanganese, indeed the process would be suited
to the production of many articles where extreme hardness with a tough base is
required.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Naylor in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
29th September 1882.
WILLIAM NAYLOR of Penistone in the County of York, Steel Works Manager.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES AND IN THE MODE OF MANUFACTURING THE
SAME."
134
My Invention has for its object improvements in projectiles and in the mode of
manufacturing them by which means I am enabled to produce a projectile that
will penetrate a modern steel faced armour plate without the back end breaking up
into fragments which is the case with cast iron chilled shot and shell as now made.
The attempt has been made to make solid steel shot hardened, but the process is
most uncertain, expensive and altogether unsatisfactory in its results.
Now my object is to produce a shot having a body of maximum toughness
compatible with its purpose and design with an outside or exterior of such
hardness that it shall be capable of cutting its way into the hardest faced armour
plate that can possibly be made and worked to a ships side; and I effect this
object in the following manner: I construct an ingot mould which may be less in
size than the actual shot required and then run into this mould Bessemer or other
steel of suitable toughness to withstand violent impact without fracture. This
ingot is then subjected to pressure or forged or rolled or otherwise shaped so as
to form the body of the projectile. The size of the ingot will be determined by
the quality of the material used and the amount of pressure and working required
in its preparation. This may be done immediately after the ingot is cast and
while in a semi fluid state or it may be reheated for that purpose, or this body
part may be made of tough wrought iron.
The body thus formed is then heated to a high temperature and whilst thus
heated I cover it with an outer casing or coating of molten metal such as cast
iron spiegelison, ferromanganese or steel which may be done in a suitable mould;
The whole while in a hot state may then be submitted to hydraulic or other
pressure for the purpose of securing a through unity between the body and thẻ
outer coating and for the purpose also of obtaining the greatest possible density.
Projectiles so made might properly be called "Compound projectiles" for they
would possess the distinct properties of completely different metals in character
while the metals would be practically one, and the junction when viewed in
section would indicate a gradually changing degree of hardness or softness and
not a sudden change at the junction as might be expected.
Though my invention has particular reference to projectiles the process may be
used for making other articles requiring hard faces and tough bodies such for
instance as rolls and hammer faces which I should coat with such metals as hard
cast iron, spiegelison or ferromanganese, indeed the process would be suited to
the production of many articles where extreme hardness with a tough base is
required.
I will now proceed to describe my invention by reference to the accompanying
drawings which will serve to make it more readily understood. .
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a solid compound shot the line a, a, a, a, a,
being only an imaginary one as the exceedingly hard outer casing part shown by
sectional lines dies gradually into the softer centre part B, B, B, indeed the
divisional lines in all the Figures of the projectiles are imaginary in each case not
existing in reality.

page_text: '
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of another solid compound shot where the
point C, C, C, only is extremely hard. The hoop D, D, being of the very best and
toughest quality of steel while the centre part E, E, E is of cast steel of more
ordinary quality.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of a compound shell only differing from the
compound shot Figure 1 in having the soft centre core for the purpose of boring
out to the dotted lines to receive the bursting charge.
:
.
Figure 4 is a longitudinal section of a compound shell only differing from the
compound shot Figure 2 in having the soft metal core G, G, for the purpose, of
boring out to the dotted lines to receive the bursting charge.
The mode of manufacture is as follows: Take the shot as illustrated by
Figure 1: The centre part B, B would be cast or forged from steel of great
toughness into the desired shape. I then take a strong mould or forging block
such as that shown by H, H, H Figure 5 into which I run molten steel or metal
of very hard quality and in such quantity as to be sufficient to form an outer
casing K, K, K.-While this hard molten steel or metal is still in a liquid or
semi liquid state I take the body part B, B while still very hot, or only sufficiently
cool to move and force it into the molten metal in the mould H, H, H and at
the same time I apply considerable pressure by means of a press such as that
shown by Figure 5 so as to assist in densifying the compound projectile thus formed
in the mould or forging block.
In manufacturing the solid compound shot shown by Figure 2 I form a mould
to be internally the shape of the point of the centre part E, E, E and of the outside
of the ring D, D, D, D. such as Figure 6. In this mould I drop the ring D, D, D, D.
which has been previously prepared from the very toughest of steel of bigh tensile
strength into its position in the mould M, M, M, while in a very hot state. I then
run the centre part E, E, E from other suitable steel of say a commoner kind
I then run a quantity of very hard steel sufficient to form the point into a mould
which is the shape of the outside of the shell, similar to the mould H, H, H and
then force the centre part E, E, E and back part D, D, D, which are now one solid
piece into the mould containing the metal for the point applying the necessary
pressure as in the previous case to give the desired density. When necessary the
centre part of the shot or shell would be fastened to the top N of the machine
Figure 5 or to the tools fitting the top so as to regulate the depth to which the
centre part E, E, D, D would be forced into the liquid portion of the metal to form
the point, or outer casing of the projectile.
The manufacture of the shells differs only from that of the shot in the following
particular: While the centre part E, E, E Figure 4 is in a liquid state the softer
metal core G; G, or F, F, is forced into it. The three parts D, E, G being then
forced into the hard molten steel previously put into a mould H, H, H to form the
point of the shell and the whole is then pressed together. Or in case of the
plainer shell Figure 3 the part B, F is forced into the mould to form the centre of
the shell.
:
It will be evident that the core part F or G may be made from wrought iron or
any other suitable soft metal which will easily bore out to form the inner portion
of the shell as this part supplies practically no strength to the projectile.
'
The outer casing K or C may be made from spiegelison or ferromanganese or
other suitable very hard metal my purpose being to produce a projectile from
metals in their natural state of sufficient hardness, and toughness at the several
positions according to the concentration of the various strains without artificial
hardening or chilling i.e. with tough bodies and very hard exterior parts.
The shell shown in the mould or forging block H H, H, Figure 5 would be
made in the following manner. The tough ring or hoop S, S, S, S, made from the
very best steel would first be heated to a very high temperature and dropped into
its position in the forging block or mould H, H, H. The point part P, P, would
then be run from metal of a very hard nature such as the hardest steel The

page_text: core R, R of soft metal having been prepared and heated to a high temperature
would next be thrust into its position by the top die N to the requisite depth in
the forging block or mould H, H, H.
Having now described my said invention of improvements in projectiles and in
the mode of manufacturing them I would have it understood that I do not confine
myself to the exact details and shapes herein illustrated as they may be varied
without departing from the spirit of my invention, but I do claim :-
First The compound projectile both Shot and Shell illustrated by Figures 1, 2, 3,
4 and 5 and as herein set forth.
Second The mode or process of manufacturing Shot and Shell as herein before
set forth.
Third The manufacture of other articles requiring to be of a compound nature
such for instance as hard faced rolls and hammers as set forth.
In witness whereof I the said William Naylor have hereunto set my hand
and seal this Twenty seventh day of September in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
WILLIAM NAVLOD
WILLIAM NAVLOD