Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Artificial Stone.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Sept., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 14th June, 1894-Accepted, 14th July, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Artificial Stone.
We ALEXANDER MCLEAN Engineer and CHRISTOPHER WYNDHAM WILSON
Gentleman both of 101 Leadenhall Street in the City of London do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
The object of this invention is to provide for the disposal of a residual clinker
or waste product obtained by the incineration of refuse, in a simple manner and for
a useful purpose by converting it in combination with suitable binding materials
into an artificial stone.
In carrying out this invention the clinker is first broken up or ground to a
coarse powder say about the size of small shot and it is then mixed with the
binding material (say Portland cement or any other suitable and conveniently
obtained material) in the presence of water in the ordinary way and is subjected
to great pressure in suitable moulds and presses.
The proportions in which it is preferred to mix the ingredients is say 3 parts
of ground clinker to 1 part of Portland cement but these proportions may be
varied according to the nature of the binding material used and the purpose for
which the product is to be employed.
The great pressure before referred to is such as can be obtained in a press the
capacity of which would be from 250 to 500 tons on the square inch.
One great advantage in this clinker artificial stone is that it is non-slipping a
circumstance which renders it extremely useful for paving purpose.
Dated this 14th day of September 1893.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Artificial Stone.*
We ALEXANDER MCLEAN, Engineer, and CHRISTOPHER WYNDHAM WILSON,
Gentleman, both of 101 Leadenhall Street, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
It is the practice, in many parts, to incinerate town refuse, for the purpose of
destroying it, and it has been found that a kind of hard porous clinker is the result,
which (though not of a deleterious character) it has been somewhat difficult to
dispose of.
Now the object of this invention is to provide for the disposal of this residual
clinker, or waste product, in a simple manner, and for a useful purpose, by
converting it, in combination with suitable binding materials, into an artificial
stone.
It has been found by experiment that to break up this clinker into small pieces,
and then mix it with the binding material, say, Portland cement, in the usual way,
to make concrete, does not produce a satisfactory result, as the stone manufactured
is soft and rotten, owing, as it is believed, to the presence of some material which
resists the adherence of the cement.

page_text: In carrying out this invention, the clinker is first broken up, or ground, to a
coarse powder, say, about the size of small shot.
It is then mixed with the binding material (say, Portland cement, or any other
suitable and conveniently obtained material) in the presence of water, in the
ordinary way, and is afterwards subjected to great pressure in suitable moulds and
presses.
The proportions in which it is preferred to mix the ingredients, is, say, 3 parts
of ground clinker to 1 part of Portland cement, but these proportions may be
varied according to the nature of the binding material used, and the purpose for
which the product is to be employed.
The great pressure before referred to, is such as can be obtained in a press the
capacity of which would be from 250 to 500 tons.
The moulds which may be used for the purposes of this invention are what are
known as
porous" moulds, and consist of an iron frame which is placed on the
table of the press, with a sheet of felt and a sheet of canvas between, with or
without a second sheet of canvas and of felt on the top.
It will be obvious that the face of the product may be coloured by adding a
thin layer of coloured material in the mould before the pressure takes place, or the
whole mass of material may be mixed with colour, so that it shall be coloured
right through, and that any design may be reproduced on the blocks or slabs by
means of a suitable die.
One great advantage in this clinker artificial stone is, that it is non-slipping, a
circumstance which renders it extremely useful for paving purposes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
:-
1. The process of manufacturing artificial stone, which consists in grinding to a
coarse powder, refuse-destructor clinker, mixing it with a suitable binding material,
to make a concrete, and submitting the same to great pressure in porous moulds,
substantially as herein set forth.
2. An artificial stone composed of refuse-destructor clinker reduced to the state
of a coarse powder, and a binding material, and consolidated by great pressure in
suitable moulds, as herein set forth.
3. The use, in the manufacture of artificial stone, of a waste product which we
call "refuse-destructor clinker," as set forth.
Dated this 13th day of June 1891
.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicants.