CERTAIN ARRANGEMENTS AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, PILES, AND OTHER ARTICLES MADE FROM CLAY AND OTHER PLASTIC SUBSTANCES, PART OF THE SAID ARRANGEMENTS AND APPARATUS BEING APPLICABLE TO THE TREATMENT AND PREPARATION OF EARTHS, MINERALS, ANIMALS AND VEGETABLE MATTERS
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
AINSLIE, of Alperton, in the County of Middlesex, now residing at Perry Hall,
Sydenham, in the County of Kent, Draining Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Thirtieth day of November, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty, in the fourteenth year of Her reign, did give
and grant unto me, the said John Ainslie, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, Her
especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said John
Ainslie, my exors, admors, and assigns, and such others as I, the said John
Ainslie, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term of years
therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within that part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called
England, Her Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also
in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and in all the
Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of "CERTAIN ARRANGEMENTS
AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, PILES, AND OTHER ARTICLES
MADE FROM CLAY AND OTHER PLASTIC SUBSTANCES, PART OF THE SAID ARRANGEMENTS
AND APPARATUS BEING APPLICABLE TO THE TREATMENT AND PREPARATION OF EARTHS,
MINERALS, ANIMALS, AND VEGETABLE MATTERS;" in which said Letters Patent there

page_text: is contained a proviso requiring that I, the said John Ainslie, shall particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, to be enrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Letters Patent, as, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Ainslie, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described and ascertained
in and by this present instrument in writing, reference being had to the several
Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say:-
My said Invention consists of
Firstly, in the application of an arrangement of a series of circular plates or
discs fixed on a shaft or shafts, and when in operation working one within the
other in contrary directions, as herein shewn, for the purpose of crushing and
grinding by the near proximity of their surfaces earths, clays, or other
materials used for the manufacture of bricks, tiles, pottery ware, and china,
or any article made from plastic matter or material, as also for the purpose of
grinding mineral, animal, or vegetable matters.
Secondly, in the arrangements of kilns to be used for the purposes of drying
and burning bricks, tiles, or other articles made from clay, earths, or other
similar matter or material, or in the drying or burning mineral, animal, and
vegetable matters which require to be so treated, so that the article or material
to be dried, burned, or kilned shall be surrounded by a continuous flue or
flues, which I call spiral flues, which may be formed in a horizontal line under
the floor of the kiln, or rising at any angle convenient round the sides of the
kiln or space in which the article is to be placed to undergo the process as
herein described.
Thirdly, in the arrangement of two or more spindles or shafts on to which
are fixed the said circular plates or discs mounted in a suitable framing, and
working one within the other, as herein shewn, for the purpose of forcing clay
or other material, being acted upon by the contrary revolutions of the same,
into the mould or moulds which may be placed or fitted in connexion with the
said arrangement.
I will now proceed to describe the Drawings annexed hereto, which are
illustrative of my Invention :-
Figure 1 shews plan of my arrangements for grinding or crushing. a, a,
are two spindles filled into the bearings of a suitable power; into the spindles

page_text: a, a, are fixed the circular plates or discs, b, b, b, repeated, the sides or surfaces
being conical or bevilled from near the centre point to their outer edge at any
angle, and grooved or rough, suitable to the material to be acted upon. Collars
or washers, c, c; c, are placed between the discs b, b, to keep them apart. These
washers may be of any thickness, and they regulate, by the distance they keep
apart the discs b, b, the fineness to which the material is to be reduced under
the process.
In the Figure referred to the discs b, on their spindle a, a, are
driven by a pair of tooth wheels, which may be put in motion by any con-
venient means. They rotate in different directions, as indicated by the arrows;
and their sides or surfaces, being grooved as represented in Figure 4, assist
materially the process, which is effected in a most perfect manner. By an
arrangement made in the side frames the distance between the centres of the
spindles may be increased or diminished.
Figure 2 is a partial side elevation,
shewing the relative position of my arrangements of the said circular plates or
discs b, b, on their spindles, where two series of the same are used, either for
the purposes of crushing or grinding, or for forcing plastic matter or material
into or through a mould; but where a greater degree of fineness is required in
the material under the process, or for some particular purposes of moulding, it
may be found necessary to have a third set or series of discs on a third spindle,
fixed in the same framing, or more, so that the material is made to pass through
two or more sets or series of the said discs. Figure 3 is a cross section of
Figures 1 and 2. Figure 5 is a sectional elevation of the kiln I prefer to use
for the drying and burning bricks. By reference to the arrows it will be seen
that the flues c, c, c, repeated is continuous, and rises upwards on an inclina-
tion or spirally to the chimney or outlet surrounding the chamber or space a,
b, through which the bricks are to be passed. The bricks being placed in the
kiln at a, will be gradually dried, and passing downwards will be burnt on
arriving at the bottom of the chamber. They are to be taken out at the mouth
b, when the process is completed. By this arrangement bricks being placed in
the kiln at a, in proportion as they are removed at b, the process may be con-
tinued without cessation. According to the nature of the matter or material
to be dried and burnt, the shape and size of the chamber a, b, will be varied
and regulated, as also the inclination at which it may be constructed. Figure 6
is a sectional elevation of my arrangements of a circular kiln. Figure 7 is a
plan in section of the same taken through the line B, B. Figure 8 is also a
plan or section taken through the line A, A. It will be seen by reference to
the arrows that the flue under the floor of the kiln f is continuous from
its mouth to its entrance into the chimney, or, as I call it, spirally formed.

page_text: The flue round the inside of the kiln, as will be seen by the arrows denoting
its course, is also constructed continuous and spirally, commencing at the
bottom of the kiln, and winding upwards, on an inclination round the inside
to the top, or as high as it may be deemed necessary to carry it before it is
made to communicate with an exit or the chimney. By these arrangements
of continuous or spirally formed flues the heat will be retained in the kiln to
greater advantage than in ordinary kilns for the same purpose. The flues in
some cases may be perforated on their surfaces.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the mode or modes
I prefer of performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the details herein described, as the same may be varied, so
long as the peculiar features of either part of my Invention be retained.
But what I claim is,―
Firstly, the mode or modes of arranging circular plates or discs, or a series
of the same, fixed on spindles as herein shewn and described, each separate
series of circular plates or discs intersecting the spaces between the series of
discs next immediately in connexion (the sides or surfaces of the said discs
being conical, bevilled, or of any suitable shape), being put in motion by any
suitable mechanical arrangement, revolve in contrary directions, and thus
crush and grind any matter or materials which may be placed between their
sides or surfaces; as also any arrangement of the said circular plates or discs,
or modifications of the same, whereby side surface rubbing, crushing, or grinding
is obtained.
Secondly, in the mode or modes of the arrangement of kilns to be used for
the purposes of drying and burning various matter and material as herein
described, whereby such matter or material subjected to the said process is
wholly or partially surrounded by a continuous flue or continuous flues, formed
as herein described, and called by me spirally formed flues and winding flues.
Thirdly, in the mode or modes of applying arrangements of circular plates
or discs similar to that described, to be used for the purposes of grinding and
crushing, for the purpose of forcing clay or other plastic matter or material
into or through a mould or moulds.
In witness whereof, I, the above-named John Ainslie, have set my hand
and seal, this Thirtieth day of May, One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-one.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Thirtieth day of May, in the
year of our Lord 1851, the aforesaid John Ainslie came before our said Lady
the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and
all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of
the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Thirtieth day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-one.