Improvements in and relating to Cameras and Projecting Apparatus for Kinematograph Pictures.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Apr., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 28th Jan., 1899-Accepted, 8th Apr., 1899
Improvements in and relating to Cameras and Projecting Apparatus
for Kinematograph Pictures.
JAMES ADAMS, 15, Ashby Place, Osborne Road, Southsea, Photographer.
I, James Adams, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:--
In my improved apparatus, the sensitized ribbon (which is perforated at the
edgis to engage with teeth on a driving drum) is drawn from a spool and passes
through a regulator, which is placed opposite an exposing aperature, and thence
on to the driving drum above mentioned.
Between the regulator and the driving drum is a roller mounted eccentrically
on a revolving disc, which roller alternately engaging and releasing the loop of
sensitized ribbon between the regulator and driving drum, gives to the ribbon an
intermittent step by step motion.
on
My improvement is in and relating to the regulator and accessories thereto,
and is designed for securing perfect registration of the pictures photographed
the sensitive ribbon, so that each picture shall stand in the same definate position
in relation to the perforations in the edgis of the ribbon.
To secure this result I place between the store spool and the regulator a clutch
through which the ribbon passes and which acts intermittently on the same.
Then between this clutch and the regulator I place a roller mounted in a swing
frame which is held in position against a stop by a spring.
In the regulator are teeth which engage in the perforations at the edges of the
ribbon and act in the manner of a pawl, allowing the ribbon to pass freely in
one direction (i.e. that in which it is drawn by the driving drum) but preventing
motion in the reverse direction by engageing in the perforations in the edges of
ribbon.
To use my apparatus the ribbon is wound on the store spool and placed in posi-
tion in the camera. The end of the ribbon is then passed through the clutch,
under the roller in swing frame, thence through the regulator, round the eccen-
tric roller, and engaged by means of the perforation on the driving drum.
The action will then be as follows,
The driving drum being turned draws the ribbon forward at a uniform speed
but the eccentric (being geared to the drum) alternately engages with and releases
the ribbon, giving it a step by step motion.
Just before the end of the stroke of the eccentric the clutch above mentioned
grips the ribbon and holds it fast. The rubbon becoming taut lifts the swing
roller against the action of the spring, and on the eccentric completeing its
stroke and releaseing the ribbon the latter is drawn back or retrograded by the
action of the spring acting on the swing roller till it is stopped by the teeth in
the regulator engaging in the perforations in the edge's of ribbon.
This slight retrograde motion of the film by which it is brought to rest by means
of the pawl like teeth in regulator engaging in the perforations constitutes my
+

page_text: I have described the action as in a camera but it is exactly the same in the
apparatus for projection.
I do not confine myself to the clutch and swing roller for obtaining the retro-
grade motion but some times use other means for obaining the same end, but
they are substaniously the same in principle the regulator remaining always the
same.
Improvements in and relating to Cameras and Projecting Apparatus
for Kinematograph Pictures.
JAMES ADAMS, 15, Ashby Place, Osborne Road, Southsea, Hants., Photographer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:.
In carrying out my improvement the sensitized ribbon (RR) which is perforated
near the edjes to gear with teeth on the driving drums (B) and the feed drum (A)
is drawn from a store spool (S) passes through a clutch (C) which is actuated by a
cam (D) as hereafter described.
It then passes over a roller (E) mounted at the end of an arm pivotted at (F)
and having a spring (G) which holds it against a stop (H).
The ribbon then passes in front of the exposing aperture (I) round the eccentric
roller (J) over the driving drum (B) and finally to the receiving spool (K).
At each side of the exposure aperture is a lever (L) pivotted at (M) and held in
contact with the sensitive ribbon by the spring (N). On the side of this lever
next the ribbon are several ratchet shaped teeth (X) which correspond with the
perforations in the ribbon.
These teeth, in conjunction with the lever (L) and the spring (N) permit of
the free passage of the sensitized ribbon in one direction "i.e." that in which it
is drawn by the roller (B), but prevent of its being drawn in the contrary direc-
tion by engaging in the perforations.
The feed drum (A) the cam (D) the eccentric roller (J) and the driving
drums (B) being connected by suitable gearing so that (A) and (B) make equal
revolutions, while (J) and D also synchronise one with the other, and the whole
being actuated by a crank handle, the action is as follows.
The eccentric roller engaging in the loop of ribbon at (Z) draws it past the
exposure aperture (I) one step or picture, and the clutch 1 grasping the ribbon
before this movement is quite complete and preventing its farther advance, the
loop (Y) engages the roller (E) and draw it down against the action of the
spring (G). On the release of the loop (Z) by the eccentric (J) the ribbon will
be drawn back by the recoil of (G) till the perforations engage with the ratchet
teeth (X) thereby locking the film during exposure. Just before the next stroke
of eccentric roller (J) takes place, the ribbon is released from the clutch (C) by
the action of the cam (D) and a sufficient quantity for the next step is drawn
through the clutch by the recoil of E.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, declare that what
I claim is: —
1. An improved method of holding firmly and in correct register during

page_text: exposure or projection the ribbon of film in cameras and projecting apparatus for
kinematograph pictures.
2. The use of an intermittent clutch action in conjunction with a roller mounted
on an arm and controlled by a spring so as to produce a short retrograde motion
in the ribbon of film by which the perforations near the edje are engaged and
firmly held by ratchet teeth.
3. The combination of clutch, spring roller and ratchet teeth in the manner
and for the purpose described in this my application.