Iк- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR TOOLS FOR CUTTING METALS OR OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Wilson Hulse, of the City of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "Iк-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR TOOLS FOR CUTTING METALS OR OTHER
MATERIALS."
"
Sealed the 5th December 1865, and dated the 9th June 1865.
PROVISIONAL. SPECIFICATION left by the said William Wilson Hulse at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th June 1865.
I, WILLIAM WILSON HULSE, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR TOOLS FOR CUTTING METALS OR OTHER
MATERIALS," to be as 'follows:-
This Invention relates, first, to turning lathes, in which I employ a bed
with a longitudinal slide or slides on each side carrying one or more slide
rests and tools propelled by two rotating screws worked by shafts and
gearing, and in the moveable headstock I employ a spindle of a polygonal
or other section moved by a rack or screw.
Secondly, 'to planing machines, in which the work is fixed to the bed, and
[Price 8d1

page_text: the cutter or cutters is or are made to traverse along it, the same being
provided with a longitudinal slide on one or both sides, and one or more
moving uprights and cross slide or slides which carry the tool or tools, the
said moving uprights being propelled by one or two screws worked by
pulleys placed at one end of the machine, with or without the intervention
of gearing and shafts. Self-acting reversing motion is imparted to the
machine by inclines, shafts, and wheels made to shift the driving strap or
straps from one pulley to another.
Thirdly, to slotting machines, in which I use a vertical tool slide of a
polygonal or other section, actuated by a lever with a slotted or plain arm in
which the crank works for imparting a differential or uniform reciprocating
motion to the tool slide, the said crank being driven by a pulley, and with or
without gearing, according to the power required. Self-acting motions may
be imparted to the table of the machine by pawls, wheels, and levers, from
slotted discs or levers and connecting rods, worked by cams and levers which
derive their motion from one of the driving shafts of the machine.
Fourthly, to shaping machines, in which the tool slide, made of a polygonal
or other section, is actuated by a lever attached to a shaft or tube, on which
is also placed a slotted lever, in which latter the crank works and is driven
by wheel and pinion from a longitudinal shaft, the said levers, wheel, pinion,
and shaft being placed between the surfaces of the bed on which the longi-
tudinal slide moves.
Fifthly, to radial drilling machines, in which I place the trunnions of
the radial arm in bearings situated at or near to the edge or side of the
vertical slide; the said vertical slide being guided perpendicularly by T
grooves, or by the ordinary V slide. The drill spindle is actuated vertically
by one or more racks and pinions, and revolves within a tube of polygonal
or other section.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Wilson Hulse in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 9th December 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
WILSON HULSE, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of June, in the year of our Lord One

page_text: thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her hoirs and success :rs, give and grant unto me, the
said William Wilson Hulse, Her special licence that I, the said William
Wilson Hulse, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said William Wilson Hulse, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR TOOLS FOR CUTTING METALS OR OTHER
MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William
Wilson Hulse, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Wilson Hulse, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described 'and' ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say):-
This Invention relates, first, to improvements in turning lathes.
Secondly, to improvements in planing machines.
Thirdly, to improvements in slotting machines.
Fourthly, to improvements in shaping machines.
Fifthly, to improvements in radial drilling machines.
These improvements will be understood respectively from the following
descriptions, and by reference to the accompanying four Sheets of Draw-
ings, which illustrate the mode in which they are to be carried out. In
some cases only parts of the machines are shewn, or one view or elevation,
but in every case any one who is acquainted with the construction of
machines of a similar character will be able readily to understand the
object of my improvements, and how they are to be applied.
First, one arrangement of my improvements in turning lathes is shewn in
Figs. 1 and 2, Sheet 1. I employ a bed a with longitudinal slides b, b, on
each side, along which traverse the slides c, c, carrying the slide rests d, d,
which slides and rests are propelled along the bed a by the two rotating
screws e, e, placed one on each side, and take into nuts fixed to the slides' c, c.
The screws e, e, are driven at one end of the lathe by the bevil wheels f,f,

page_text: cross shaft g, worm wheel h, worm i, pulley k, strap l, and pulley m, the
latter being fixed to the maundril of the fast headstock, but the strap may
be brought direct from the driving apparatus. The screws e, e, are sup-
ported at intervals by bearings affixed to the bed, as shewn at z, Fig. 3.
The direction which the slide rests are traversed may be reversed by clutches
and levers in connection with the bevil wheels which work the screws, or
by crossed and open straps, but as these contrivances are in ordinary use
I have not thought it necessary to shew them in the Drawings.
72
In Fig. 2 is shewn the headstock, in which I employ a spindle " of an
octagonal section, held in its place by the cap o, and moved to and fro by
the rack and pinion p, q, worm wheel r and s, and handle wheel t. A cylinder
or other polygon would answer the purpose, but I prefer the octagon, and
a screw and nut might be used for moving the spindle to and fro instead
of the rack and pinion, but I prefer the latter, because the spindle can be
extended beyond the end of the headstock so as to be more conveniently
arranged for boring objects of considerable length.
In Fig. 3, Sheet 1, I shew a modification of my improvements in turning
lathes. a represents the bed; b, b, the slide propelled by the screws c, e,
provided with disengaging nuts f, f, which are to be raised from or lowered
into the screws by means of cams g, g, fixed on the cross shaft h, which
latter is turned by hand when the nuts are required to be engaged with or
disengaged from the screws. The two screws e, e, are supported by bear-
ings z, z, when required, and are driven by spur and change wheels carried
by the swing frame i as in ordinary lathes, and the slide rest may be
traversed back by hand by rack and pinion in the usual manner.
In Fig. 4, Sheet 1, I represent another modification of my improvements,
more especially applicable to smaller lathes. The propelling screws e, e, take
into worm wheels f, f, fixed to a cross shaft g. passing through the bottom
slide rest d. When the slide rest is being traversed along the bed a for
sliding an object, the cross shaft g is fixed so as not to revolve, and the worin
wheels ff, then act as nuts on the screws e, e. When the cross shaft is
liberated by releasing the lever nut h so as to revolve freely, the traverse of
the slide rest ceases. By means of a handle i applied to the cross shaft, the
slide rest may be traversed by hand, the screws e, e, and worm wheels ff, in
that case acting as racks and pinions, and a self-acting surfacing motion may
be derived from the cross shaft g. The advantages derivable from my im-
provements in lathes arise from the slide rest or slide rests which
carry the
tools being propelled along the bed simultaneously on both sides, and thus
the cross action which ensues when the propulsion is on one side only as in

page_text: other lathes, is avoided. The general arrangements shewn will be found
specially convenient for the various classes of work for which lathes are
required.
Secondly, one arrangement of my improvements in planing machines is
shewn in Fig. 5, Sheet 2. Instead of fixing the work to be planed on a
traversing table, and employing stationary uprights as hitherto adopted, I fix
the work to a stationary bed or table, and cause the uprights and cutter or
cutters to traverse along it. The work to be planed is fixed to the bed or
table a, at the sides of which there are longitudinal slides extending the length
of the bed, and in which are placed the lower parts of the uprights b, which
are well stayed at the top, and carry the cross slide c and one or more tool
holders d. The uprights b, b, carrying the cross slide and tools are propelled
to and fro longitudinally by the screws e, e, worked by pulleys f, f, and spur
gearing g, g, the pulleys being driven by the open and cross straps h, i,
which are shifted as required by the strap forks k worked by the moving
uprights by means of inclined stops, which stops, as well as the self-acting
motions for the verticaland transverse traverse of the tool or tools, are worked
in a similar manner, as in the ordinary planing machines.
Another arrangement of my improvements in planing machines is shewn
in Fig. 6, Sheet 2. The bed a has at each side a longitudinal slide in which
the uprights b traverse to and fro longitudinally; and on the upper surface of
the bed a there is a moveable table or slide a', on which is fixed the work to
be operated upon. The uprights bare traversed by the screws e, e, worked
by pulleys f, f, and bevil wheels g, g, placed at one end of the machine;
and on the uprights are placed one above the other cross slides c, c, on which
traverse horizontally the vertical slide h carrying the tool slide i, to which
vertical movement is imparted by the screw k, bevil wheels, shaft m, and
pulleys n, by means of open and cross straps, for the purpose of planing
objects vertically, it being understood that any suitable form of tool holder
may be placed on the tool slide i, and secured to it by T-headed bolts placed
in grooves made for that
purpose.
Although I have only described the employment of one pair of moveable
uprights carrying cross slides and cutters, I may employ several pairs moving
along the same; self-acting reversion motion is imparted to it or them by
inclines, shafts, and wheels made to shift the driving strap or straps from one
pulley to another. In machines required for planing vertically only, the
uprights would not be moveable, as shewn, but would be fixed to the bed,
and the work made to traverse longitudinally by an intermittent "feed
motion," the beds a and a¹ being provided with a slide and screw for that

page_text: purpose, which screw is worked by a ratchet or other feed motion at the end
of the machine.
In Fig. 7, Sheet 2, I shew another modification of my improved planing
machine, adapted more especially for planing work of a lighter description.
The object to be planed is fixed to the table a, and the cutter head 6 carried
by the cross slide c, fixed to or forming part of the longitudinal slide d, which
is traversed on the upright or standard e by means of the screw f and pulleys
worked by open and cross straps at one end of the machine, the reversing of
which is obtained from the inclined stops and rods in the usual way, as is
also the feed motion of the cross slide and tool holder. In some instances the
slide d may be traversed to and fro by a crank motion instead of by means of
a screw. It will be seen that the cross slide c and tool holder project beyond
the upright or standard e, and move to and fro with the longitudinal slide d.
The bed a on which the work is fixed is made adjustable vertically for
different heights of objects by the screw g, worm wheel h, worm i, and
shaft k, the said bed after it has been adjusted being held fast by bolts having
Theads fitted in corresponding vertical grooves in the upright or standard.
The bearing surfaces on which the moving uprights work must be pro-
portioned to the weight, and for this reason I prefer for the heavier machines
those bearing surfaces shewn at z, Fig. 6, whilst for lighter machines those
shewn at z, Figs. 5 and 7, may be employed.
By the improvements in planing machines which I have shewn and
described, I am enabled to economize space in the. workshop, and obtain
great facility in placing the work upon and removing it from the machines.
Thirdly, my improvements in slotting machines are shewn in Sheet 3,
Figs. 8 and 9, in which a represents the main framing; b, the tool slide
actuated vertically by the lever c, having its fulcrum d placed across the main
framing. The back end of the lever c has a slot or groove e, into which the
crank pin and block f slide for imparting a rapid ascending and a slow and
more uniform descending motion to the tool slide b. The crank pin is carried
round by the wheel g, which derives its motion from the pinion and pulley i
placed on the side of the main fraining. In small slotting machines where
little power is required the gearing may be dispensed with, and the crank pin
fixed to a disc keyed to a shaft, on which is also keyed the driving pulley.
In large machines when greater power is required than is obtainable by the
arrangement of the single gearing shewn, I employ double-gear wheels and
pulley as in a double-geared lathe headstock, the said double-gearing arrange-
ment being carried on one side of the main framing of the machine, at a
convenient height from its base. It will be evident that the slotted end of

page_text: the lever c, the crank f, and gearing g, h, may be placed on the left side of
the fulcrum d, but I prefer the arrangement shewn, because the weight
acting on the right-hand side of the fulcrum assists in counterbalancing the
weight of the slide tool b, and may be made to accomplish that exactly by
adding weight to the end of the lever c. The table of the machine on
which the work is fixed has self-acting circular, longitudinal, and transverse
motions imparted to it by the crank discs I, levers, and connecting rods m,
which derive their actions from the cam an levers n, which latter are driven
by the shaft o. The advantages obtainable from my improved slotting machine
are, first, the working the tool slide at a greater speed by the means employed
for balancing it, and a lessened wear of its sliding surfaces owing to the action
of the connecting rod being nearly rectilineal; a more convenient position
for adjustment of the driving parts of the machine, and steadier working
and more uniform wear of the tool slide.
Fourthly, my improvements in shaping machines are shewn in Figs. 10 and
11, Sheet 3, in which a represents the bed of the machine having two surfaces
at b, c. The table, of which there may be one or more, for holding work is
shewn at d, which table or tables are moveable longitudinally and vertically,
and provided with planed and grooved sides and top for holding the different
descriptions of work. e represents the tool slide, which I prefer of a polygonal
section, as in Fig. 11, as being better calculated to sustain the various strains
imposed upon it during the operations of cutting or shaping work. It is
actuated by a connecting rod fand lever g, which is connected by the fulcrum
tube with the slotted lever i. In this latter the crank pin and block k
work, driven by the wheel and pinion m, from the longitudinal shaft n which
passes through the fulcrum tube h.
The said levers 9 and i, wheel and
pinion l, m, and tube are placed between the surfaces b, c, of the bed a so
as to equalize the wear upon them, and obviate the undue wear which takes
place when the weight of these parts overhangs the surface of the bed on
which the longitudinal side works as in ordinary machines. The self-acting
feed motions of my machine are similar to those in common use, and are not
therefore shewn in the Drawings.
The following advantages are derivable from my improved shaping
machine-A reduced and more uniform wearing of the upper surfaces of
the bed, and consequently greater truth in the work done by the machine,
and greater facility for adjusting the stroke of the machine, and are ob-
tained by placing the parts between the surfaces of the bed in the manner
shewn.
Fifthly, my improvements in radial drilling machines are shewn in Figs.

page_text: 12, 13, and 14, Sheet 4, in which a, Fig. 12, represents the main framing
carrying the driving arrangement b. The radial arm c has trunnions d, which
take into corresponding bearings e situated at the front edge f of the vertical
slide g by which it is carried. The vertical slide 9 is made angular in
section, and is placed 'diagonally upon the framing a, as shewn in Fig. 13.
By this means the radial arm may be made to move through the large arc of
280. The vertical slide is raised and lowered by screw and worm wheel h
and is guided perpendicularly by the V slides / or by T grooves, which are
not shewn. The front of the framing is made angular in section so as to
correspond with the vertical slide g, which form provides surfaces well
calculated to receive and support the strains arising from the operation of
drilling and boring, whatever be the positions of the drill spindle in the sector
of the circle which it commands. The drill spindle k passes through and
revolves within and with the tube 1, and has bearings m, m. It is actuated
vertically by the two racks n, n, which are connected to it at the top end by
the cross head o, which receives the upward pressure arising from the cut,
The racks n, n, are worked by pinions p, p, and by the worm and wheel q.
from a second worm and wheel r. The worm for this latter wheel is keyed
on the long grooved shaft s which has a cone pulley on its outer end driven
by a strap from the cone pulley placed on the top driving shaft u. Rotary
motion is transmitted to the drill spindle k through the tube by the spur
wheel v, and pinion w, and bevil wheels, from the top driving shaft u, which
latter derives its motion from a second set of bevil wheels y on a vertical
grooved shaft z through a third set of bevil wheels a¹ placed in connection
with the driving arrangement b. The latter bevil wheels a' being placed
below the vertical slide g does not obstruct the circular movement of the
radial c, and thereby allows the pillar of the radial arm c to be made
circular in form, as shewn.
Part of Fig. 18 and Fig. 14 shew another modification of the drill spindle
and the method of imparting to it the rotary and vertical motions. a² is the
drill spindle revolving in conical bearings b within, but independently of the
tube c, which does not revolve. This tube is shewn of octagonal section
externally, but may be cylindrical if means such as a key be provided to keep
it from revolving. At the upper end of the drill spindle d2 is keyed the spur
wheel d driven by the pinion e on the vertical shaft f2, through which motiou
is passed from the bevil g, horizontal shaft h, the second bevil wheels i,
and the vertical shaft k, which obtains its motion in the same manner as
that before described. At the upper end of the tube c are projections / to
receive the stays m, on which is fixed the cross head n, which forms the

page_text: bearing for the vertical shaft f², and also in the centre receives the tail pin o
by which the conical spindle a is adjusted in its bearings as in a lathe head-
stock, the upward pressure caused by the cutting operation being sustained
by the cross head and tail pin. It is desirable in all cases to balance the
weight of the parts which are fed downward to facilitate their being raised
by hand when required; this may be done by any ordinary application of
counterweights.
The following advantages are derivable from my improved radial drilling
machine: The radial arm comman dsa very large sweep, owing to the position
in which its trunnions are placed in relation to the vertical slide g; the drill
spindle is held steadily, both vertically and laterally, during the operations of
drilling or boring, as shewn respectively in Figs. 12, 13, and 14; the con-
struction of the machine offers greater resistance to the strains imposed
upon it, and the working parts are more conveniently and simply arranged
than in the ordinary machines.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be
understood that I claim the combination and arrangement of parts
constituting respectively,-
First, the turning lathes.
Second, the planing machines.
WILLIAM WILSON HULSE. (LS.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by
the said William Wilson Hulse,
in the presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
123, Chancery Lane,
London.