Year: 1886

page_text: Ammonia.
I BENJAMIN JOSEPH BARNARD MILLS of the firm of Harris und Mills of
23 Southampton Buildings in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, a communication to ine from abroad by the
Verein für chemische industrie of Mainz in the Kingdom of Prussin and Empire.
of Germany, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:**
The invention relates to the production on the dry system of chlorine, or of
chlorine and ammonia by passing vapours containing chlorine over metallic oxides
at a proper temperature and in a continuous operation.
The new process is carried out in the following manner-
Sal-ammoniac-vapors, or gases or vapors containing them, are passed over any
oxidation-grade of manganese at the proper temperature not reaching the red hot,
state, and make chloride of manganese, ammonia and water. The re-action, if.
protoxide of manganese is used, is shown theoretically by the formula:
.
MnO2 NH, Mn C, +2 NH3 + H, O.
If now oxygen-gas, preferably in the form of atmospheric air, is passed over the
resulted chloride of manganese the original oxidation-grade of manganese and free
chlorine is obtained :—
ני
Mn Cl, O Mn O + 2 Cl
Although with this method, as mentioned above, all oxidation-grades of man-
ganese can be employed such as Protoxide of Manganese Mn O, Sesqui-oxide of
Manganese Mn, O, the combination of protoxide and Oxides of manganese
Mn, O, Peroxide of manganese Mn O, tritoxide of manganese Mn O, and so on;
the lowest grade protoxide of manganese is taken in the example above mentioned
because the lower oxidation-grades are preferable to the higher ones as the latter
can imply a loss of ammonia:
If hydrochloric-acid-vapors, or vapors or gases containing them are employed in
place of sal-ammoniac-vapors, chloride of manganese is also made as also aqueous
vapor.

page_text: By passing over oxygen-gas (air) at the proper temperature, as above described,
a portion of the chlorine becomes free the particular oxidation-grade of manganese
being regenerated simultaneously.
Mn Cl, O Mn O + 2 Cl.
If higher oxidation-grades of manganese are employed a portion of the chlorine
becomes free already in forming the chloride of manganese,
For sesquioxide of manganese for example..
Mn, Oy + 6 H CI 2 Mn C), +3 H, O + 2 Cl.
By passing over oxygen-gas (air) the balance of the chlorine becomes again free
the oxidation-grade of the manganese being regenerated.
2 Mu Cl, +30 = Mn. O, + 4 Cl.
:
But in all cases the influence of the oxygen-gas can take place simultaneously
with the formation of the corresponding chlorine combination if thought suitable
when the re-actions, kept separated in the formulas, can act together.
The operations may be performed in upright or horizontal vessels of retort-shape.
The oxidation-grades of the manganese employed, as shown in the formulas,
always regenerating themselves and remaining in a dry state, and therefore the
charge of the apparatus not being needed to be renewed, the price of the materials
is of no consideration and the more expensive ones are not excluded for a practical
working,
The above described process goes on in the same manner with the oxygen
combinations of other metals possessing several oxidation-grades, and also with
volatile chlorine-combinations in place of sal-ammoniac and hydrochloric-acid-
vapours.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I'claim is
1. The process of producing chlorine, and chlorine and ammonia by the working
at a proper temperature of sal-ammoniac-vapors, or vapors or gases containing
them; on oxygen combinations of manganese or bodies containing them, and the
decomposing of the resulting chloride of manganese by passing simultaneously or
afterward over the chloride of manganese at the proper temperature atmospheric
air or gases containing oxygen-gas, substantially as described.
2: The process of producing chlorine by the working at the proper temperature
of hydrochloric-acid-vapors, or gases or vapors containing them, on oxidation-
grades of manganese or bodies containing them, and the decomposing of the
resulting chloride of manganese in chlorine and oxidation-grades of the manganese,
by passing simultaneously or afterward over the chloride of manganese at the
proper temperature atmospheric air or other gases containing oxygen-gas, substan-
tially as described.
3. The employment of such other metals which possess several oxidation-grades
as a partial or entire equivalent of the manganese substantially as described and'
for the purpose stated..
4: The employment of other volatile chlorine combinations as equivalents of
sal-ammoniac, or bydrochloric-acid-vapors substantially as described and for the
purpose' stated.