IMPROVE MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND APPLICATION OF APPARATUS AND IMPLEMENTS USED FOR THE PURPOSES OF HEATING, COOLING, AND EVAPORATING
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Riviere, of 19, Queen's Road, Bayswater, in
the County of Middlesex, Gun Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVE
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND APPLICATION OF APPARATUS AND IMPLEMENTS
Sealed the 4th March 1864, and dated the 14th September 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Riviere at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
September 1863.
I, HENRY RIVIERE, of 19, Queen's Road, Bayswater, in the County of
Middlesex, Gun Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND APPLICATION OF APPARATUS AND
IMPLEMENTS USED FOR THE PURPOSES OF HEATING, COOLING, AND EVAPORATING," to
be as follows:-.
These improvements consist in bending plates of metal or other material,so
as to form ridges and furrows set partially or wholly to a curve or in angles
lengthwise, and then joining the ends together, thus giving the whole surface
of a large plate in a corrugated form and small compass,and requiring only one
seam throughout the corrugated surface, but in cases where the plates are not
sufficiently large,additional seams may be employed, and this ridge-and-furrow
principle may also be applied to castings which will not require a seam.
The Invention herein described may be used for all purposes requiring the
operations of heating, cooling, or evaporating, and when applied to stoves
Price Ad

page_text: without flues, the vitiated air from combustion is carried to the ceiling of the
apartment by a chimney without mixing with the lower stratum of air or
wasting the heat, owing to the large surface obtained by the corrugated
principle above described,and in ventilating stoves an index may be employed
to show the quantity of air passing through them.
A further improvement is also effected in apparatus for heating cooling, or
evaporating, by making intermediate parts of the surfaces moveable to give
room for cleaning or examination. In evaporating liquids they may be
allowed to flow in a thin film over a succession of double plates. Any metal
or other suitable material may be used for the purposes herein described, the
bending of which being usually effected by this Invention by means of
machinery having plates or rollers rising progressively from a nearly level
surface to the shape required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Riviere in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th
March 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
RIVIERE, of 19, Queen's Road, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex,
Gun Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Henry Riviere, Her special licence that I, the said Henry
Riviere, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Henry Riviere, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION AND APPLICATION OF APPARATUS AND IMPLEMENTS USED FOR THE
PURPOSES OF HEATING, COOLING, AND EVAPORATING," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Henry Riviere, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be

page_text: filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Riviere, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say :-
My improvements consist in forming plates of metal or other suitable
material so as to get a large surface in a small compas with but few seams or
joins. In a method of dealing with the vitiated air arrising from combustion
in stoves without flues, and a means of showing the quantity of air passing
through ventilating stoves or similar apparatus for heating, also in an
improved construction of apparatus for evaporating liquids, and in machinery
for carrying out the said Invention.
The method by which these improvements are effected will be best under-
stood by reference to the annexed Drawings.
Fig. 1, a and b, represent the shape of the plates before bending, the first
operation in which is to produce slight indentations where the curved lines c
are shown; this may be effected either by a pair of dies of the shape of the
plate shown at Fig. 4, or by what I term a set plate. Fig. 2, formed with
curved grooves on its surface, and having two pegs d, d, which pass through
the two holes in the plate to be bent, and serve to keep it in its place on the
set plate. The frame, Fig. 3, is next laid over it and likewise held by the
pegs. The ribs of steel e,e,e, are then gently hammered to produce slight
indentation by forcing the plate into the grooves in the set plate; it is then
lifted off the pegs, reversed, and the operation repeated on the other side with
the intermediate ribs fff; this causes the plate to rise to a shape similar to
Fig. 4, and several may be done together. The next operation is to further
increase the bending till the plate assumes a nearly semicircular form,as shown
at Fig. 5; this may be effected by the machine represented at Fig. 6, the side
of the plate being inserted in the broad part g and gradually pushed forward
with an intermittent movement following the curve of the dies, the lever h
being raised and depressed at each motion of the plate, which finally comes
out at i, beut nearly to the form shown at Fig. 5, and is afterwards pressed
between a pair of dies to render the shape perfect. The plate 6, Fig. 1, is
formed with a tapering curva near the outer edge to bring the helix to
a termination in the circle when the plate is beut up, and in bending it the
taper portion passes outside the dies, or it may have a shifting die to itself.
The plates being thus bent are ready for the succeeding operations, the first of
which consists in cutting the edges level, and is effected by the angularshears

page_text: shown at Fig.7,which may move either laterally or vertically; theedges are then
turned back as far as the dotted lines shown in Fig. 8, and small slits may be
cut near the angles to allow them to turn back readily. The turning is effected
by means of the dies represented at Fig. 9, which gripe the plate, and are
formed with projecting ridges; in front, over which the edges of the plate are
set inwards bya die having convex surfaces, and afterwards pressed completely
over by a straight die corresponding to the shape of the edge of the plate. The
plates are then ready. for lapping together, which is effected by sliding one
down into the other, so that the turned edges may interlap, and the operation
is completed by pressing the plates between a pair of dies, one of which is
smooth and the other having grooves to admit the raised portion of the scam.
Fig. 10 is a section of the plate when lapped, shown the actual size. When
the plates are required to be soldered it is effected by inserting a hot iron
-(fitting the shape of the plate) in the under side, the solder being also formed
to the shape is laid on the top and runs into the join. When required to be
brazed it may be effected by a blast pipe or with ordinary fuel in a manner
well understood. Fig. 11 shows the form of the plate when completed. The
method of construction above described is most suitable for articles which are
small in size and not wanted in sufficient quantities to pay for the construction
of more expensive machinery; for small articles which are wanted in. large
quantities I prefer to employ the machine represented at Fig. 12; it consists
of a circular plate k, on which is fixed four or more dies 1, 1, 1, 1, which are
formed so that after the plate has left one it may be bent more by the next.
The upper dies are attached to a similar plate m, which is fixed to the levern,
which rises and falls by the motion given to it by an accentric o, to which is
attached thecag wheel p,gearing into a smaller one connected with the pulley 9.
Each downward motion of the lever abends the plates (of which there may be
several on each die), and in rising it lifts them from the dies, each set being
passed round to the next die at the same time. One or more slots may be
formed for this purpose across each die, in which a bar rises and falls with the
motion of the lever n, and is also moved round to the next die at each motion,
carrying the plates with it; or there may be substituted for the bar an arrange-
ment like the instrument known as lazy-tongs, Fig. 13, to bend the plates
before entering the dies, by which a less number of dies is required than with
the bar. Thus, by the arrangement above described, each upward motion of
the lever n will deliver several plates completely bent and ready for the opera-
tion of lapping before described. When the articles made are required of
oblong form, the sides of the plate are extended, as shewn by the dotted lines
in Fig. 1. Fig. 14, is a machine for articles of large size. In workingit the first

page_text: operation is to raise the lever (which acts upon the shaft s, attached to the
lever t, to which are jointed two similar levers u, u,) thus raising the cross
piece v, together with the upper dies w, x, attached to it, to the position shown
in the Drawing. The army is then to be moved back in the reverse direction
of the arrow till the curved and straight dies w, a, meet. The two levers %, ~,
form the connexion between the arm and the strait dies, which turn on the
centres a; the upper lever z, with the tube attached, slides upon the arm y.
The plate of metal being cut to the shape shown in Fig. 15, is afterwards
folded as represented in Fig. 16, and is then placed on the strait die w, so that
a portion of it may project into the curved die x. The upper dies are now
brought down by lowering the lever r, and the curved dies, fitting closer
together than the strait ones, hold the plate firm while the arm y is brought
round in the direction of the arrow, by which the straight dies are moved from
the curved ones, and the plate is drawn through the strait dies and over the curved
bits at the roots of them and the curved steel plates bat the ends, after which
the top dies are again raised by the lever r,and the operations above described
repeated till the plate comes out at the other, side completely bent to a curve
and ready for the lapping operation before described. An arrangement of the
levers, u, u, may also be applied to the machineshownat Fig.12 instead of the
eccentric. A machine similar to Fig. 14maybe used to work the shears and also
for pressing with the dies: The arrangement of the details of all the machines
herein described may be varied according to the nature of the work required.
The plates after being bent may be pressed to any desired shape with dies, aud
may likewise be made in one piece turned and joined at the ends; for long
articles two curved ends may be formed and a strait piece inserted in the
middle, as shown in c, Fig. 17, the dotted lines indicating the join. Fig. 17
shows four plans of various shapes in which this Invention can be applied,
and it can also be made elliptical; but I do not confine myself to any par-
ticular form in which it may be made. Fig. 18 also shows seven sections of
various forins, the first representing an annulus. Articles constructed accord-
ing to this Invention may be made of copper, iron, steel, or any other suitable
metal or alloy, and may be galvanized or coated with other metals; and when
made in thick iron they can be bent hot, and welded or riveted at the joints
afterwards, if required; when the material cannot be obtained large enough
extra seams may be made in them; they may be corrugated or indenteted to
stand greater pressure and give more surface, made of any material capable
of conducting beat, and be cast when it is required. The plates when pre-
pared, as before described, are ready to be applied to the construction of the
various apparatus and implements. Fig. 19 represents them applied to a gas

page_text: stove without a flue; a further improvement being effected in this in dealing
with the vitiated air arrising from combustion, which may be explained as
follows: In stoves without flues, as at present constructed, the vitiated air
from combustion is given off at a low level, and mixing with the air in the
apartment is constantly inhaled by the persons occupying it, producing evil
results which are well known, whether gas, charcoal, or other smokeless fuel
is employed. Gas does not produce the same inconvenience when used in
chandeliers or other burners placed overhead, and above the breathing level of
the air in the apartment; and the object of the stove shown at Fig. 19 is to
carry the vitiated air to a similar position, which is effected by the chimney d
without wasting the heat, as the products of combustion pass over the whole
of the helix before leaving by the chimney, after which they pass out of the
room by a ventilator to be placed near the ceiling. The chimney is made in
the form of an ornamental column, and the helixes can be drawn out for the
purpose of cleaning through spaces at the top (one of which is shown by the
dotted lines) when the cover and chimney is removed. Fig. 20 is a section
of the stove drawn rather smaller. Fig. 21 is a plan of it. It may also be
made for the heat to pass spirally over the surface following the turn of the
helix. By making these stoves with an outer casing a good ventilating stove
is produced, a small hole being cut in the floor over which the stove is placed
and a communication must be established connecting the space between the
joists with the external air; when the stove is in action the air will be
thoroughly warmed by passing over the whole surface of the helix before
entering the apartment. My method of measuring the quantity of air passing
through apparatus for heating and cooling is shown in in Fig. 22. eis the hand
of the index connecting by the rod f with the valve g, which is raised or
depressed according as the volume of air passing through increases or decreases,
and which is shown by the dial plate h, and may be indicated either in cubic
feet, or the quantity necessary according to the number of persons occupying
the apartmentwhen applied to ventilating stoves or otherwarming apparatus,
for which it is especially adapted, the supply of air being regulated by a
damper. Fig. 23 is a modification of the same arrangement acting direct
without levers. The form of the stove above described may be varied; thus
it may have a projecting helix, Fig. 24, or an upright one like the bath heater,
Fig. 29, and be made any shape required. Iron is the most suitable material
for its construction, but it may also be made of clay or any other available
material, or may have sand between double plates. It may be arranged to
suit all purposes to which stoves are applied, whether with or without a flue,
and for all kinds of fuel, or for hot water or steam. It can be used as a cabin

page_text: stove for ships, or as an ordinary shop stove, Fig. 25; a modification of it may
also be applied to ordinary fire-grates. Fig. 26 shows a sectional view of a
refrigerator for cooling beer in brewing; constructed according to this Inven-
tion; it is made with the intermediate parts moveable, and is shown with the
upper portion raised; when in use it is closed, the cooling water passing round
through the shaded part, and the worts in the opposite direction through the
other part in the usual manner, a flat plate being fixed at the bottom and top
of the helixes. The sides may be corrugated, if required, and it may be formed
with a single helix, instead of the double one above described. A good still
condenser may be for.ned by a modification of the first-named arrangement.
Fig. 27 represents a section of an arrangement for evaporating according
to this Invention; it is made to hang on the retort stand for chemical
manipulation on a small scale, and is heated by a spirit lamp; the liquid to
be evaporated is contained in the reservoir i, from which it drips through the
opening jon to the top of the evaporator k, flowing over and under the whole
surface, the flow being regulated by the screw %, which acts as a valve to the
opening the liquid finally running off in a concentrated form into the
receiver ; the evaporator is suspended to the reservoir by two wires n, n.
(n a large scale it may be heated by steam or hot water, and can also be
made with the parts P to take to pieces. It may be formed in various shapes
and of any metal, or of glass, which may contain water, sand, or metal filings
for conducting the heat. It is also usefull for spontaneous evaporation.cr for
crystallizing. Fig. 28 represents an helical evaporator, which is made to
revolve, and moving in the contrary direction to the turn of the helix causes
the liquid to rise in thin film up the sides; it is heated by steam admitted
through the driving shaft; the bearings are not shewn in the Drawing. It
may also be made to revolve in a trough in a verticle position, and evaporate
by constantly raising the liquid to the centre, several being used together.
The remaining Figures represent some of the various usefull articles for
domestick and other purposes to which this Invention may be applied. Fig.29
is a section of an helical gas bath heater; it can likewise be made shape
of the bath and placed under it. It may be also constructed for the use of coal
Fig.30 is a portable vapour bath heater. Fig.31 a night-light kettle. Fig.32
a tea kettle. Fig. 33 a glue pot. In all these a great saving of time and fuel is
effected by the readiness with which they are heated. The helix may be used for
boilers of various kinds, and likewise as a feed water heater, and for a surface
condenser for steam engins, as a superheater, and for steaming food for cattle.
It may likewise be used for ice-making machines, and it may be cast in one
piece when required. It may be used for cooling and ventilating by covering

page_text: perforated metal. with wet cloth, or the cloth alone may be stretched in the
form of the helix with strings between two boards. I do not confine myself
to any limited number of uses to which this Invention may be applied, there
being few purposes connected with heating,cooling, and evaporating for which
it is not adapted.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which it is to be performed, I would observe in conclusion that I
claim as my Invention,―
First, the method of forming plates of metal or other suitable material, so
as to get a large surface in a small compas with but few seams or joins.
Second, the method of dealing with the vitiated air arrising from stoves
withou flues without wasting the heat.
Third, the application of corrugated helixes to stoves generally whether with
or without flues.
Fourth, the arrangement for indicating the volume of air passing through
ventilating stoves for heating apparatus.
Fifth, the arrangement for evaporating.
. Sixth, the appliction of the helix to the various articles herein described,
whether wrought or cast.
Seventh, the machinery and implements for the manufacture of articles
according to this Invention.
Eighth, the arrangements by which this Invention is carried into practical
effect, as herein described and represented in the Drawings hereto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Riviere, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this 11th day of March, in the year of our Lord 1864.