IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Day, of Mirfield, in the County of York,
and Henry Turner, of Leeds, in the same County, for the Invention
CRATERS 13
Sealed the 17th June 1873, and dated the 10th April 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Day and
Henry Turner at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 10th April 1878.
We, EDWARD DAY, of Mirfield, in the County of York, and HENRY
TURNER, of Leeds, in the same County, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILERS,"
to be as follows :-
This Invention consists in applying to the internal and external flues
of steam boilers certain apparatus by means whereof the fuel is econo-
mised and smoke is reduced or prevented.
When our Invention is applied to boilers, the flues of which are
provided with Galloway's or other water tubes, we place within the
said tubes a gas pipe and an air pipe. The gas pipe has burners which

page_text: are supplied with air to increase the combustion of the gas, and this gas
ignites the inflammable gases and products of combustion escaping from
the fire-grate, thereby economising fuel, and preventing or reducing
smoke.
Any number of gas pipes and burners supplied with air, as above
described, may be placed in the internal and external flues of the boiler,
and in some cases we make the grate bars hollow longitudinally to heat
the air that passes through them, which heated air is carried through
holes in the bridge to increase the combustion in the flues.
We also intend to burn petroleum or other hydrocarbons in the flues
instead of gas, as above described, and the combustion may be increased
by the use of jets of steam in the flues.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Day and Henry Turner in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 9th October 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EDWARD
DAY, of Mirfield, in the County of York, and HENRY TURNER, of Leeds,
in the same County, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in
the thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto us, the said Edward Day and Henry
Turner, Her special license that we, the said Edward Day and Henry
Turner, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,
the said Edward Day and Henry Turner, our executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO
STEAM BOILERS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
Edward Day and Henry Turner, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of our or their hands

page_text: and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Edward Day and Henry Turner,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement (that is to say) :-
This Invention consists in applying to the internal and external flues
of steam boilers certain apparatus by means whereof the fuel is econo-
mised and smoke is reduced or prevented.
When our Invention is applied to boilers, the flues of which are
provided with Galloway's or other water tubes, we place within the
said tubes a gas pipe and an air pipe. The gas pipe has burners which
are supplied with air to increase the combustion of the gas, and this gas
ignites the inflammable gases and products of combustion escaping from
the fire-grate, thereby economising fuel, and preventing or reducing
smoke.
Any number of gas pipes and burners supplied with air, as above
described, may be placed in the internal and external flues of the boiler,
and in some cases we make the grate bars hollow longitudinally to heat
the air that passes through them, which heated air is carried through
holes in the bridge to increase the combustion in the flues.
We also intend to burn petroleum or other hydrocarbons in the flues,
instead of gas, or in addition to the gas, as above described.
And in order that our Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into operation, we will proceed to escribe the accompany Sheet
of Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters marked
theroon.
Figure 1 is an end view, and Figure 2, a longitudinal section of an
ordinary steam boiler to which our improvements are applied; Figure 3
is a section of our improved grate bar on an enlarged scale, and Figure 4,
a plan on an enlarged scale of part of our improvements.
a is the outer shell of the boiler; b, the internal flue, which is pro-
vided with vertical tubes c, o, placed between the bridge d and the end

page_text: of the flue, e is the dead plate, and f, the grate bars which are made
with a longitudinal hole in each of them, as shewn in Figure 3; and there
are corresponding holes in the bridge, the object of which is to heat the
air that passes from the ash-pit to the back of the bridge. To each of
the vertical tubes o, or to as many of them as may be found desirable,
is connected the lower end of the pipe g, which passes through the
upper side of the casing of the boiler, and is there open to the atmo-
sphere. Within the air pipe g we place the pipes h and i, as shewn best
in Figure 4. The pipe his for supplying petroleum or other liquid hydro-
carbon, and the pipe i is for inflammable gas. To the lower end of the
pipe is connected the discharge spout h³, see Figure 2, and to the pipe i
is connected the double burner . Both the pipes h and i are provided
with stop taps to regulate the supply of the hydrocarbon and the
inflammable gas. Below the burners we prefer to place a heap of small
pieces of fire-clay or other non-combustible material.
When the inflammable gases and heated products of combustion pass
over the bridge d into the flue they ignite the gas and hydrocarbon
escaping through the burners and spout h¹, and the intense heat
produced by the burning gas and hydrocarbon, combined with that of
the products of combustion from the fire-grate, and promoted by the
supply of hot air passing through the grate bars and bridge, keep the
small pieces of fire-clay or other non-combustible material in a state of
incandescence, thereby consuming every particle of inflammable matter
or gasses passing over the bridge, and reducing or preventing smoke.
Our Invention produces also a great economy in fuel.
Figure 5 represents a longitudinal section of a boiler to which a modifi-
cation of our Invention is applied. In this view the parts marked
a, b, d, e, and f, are similar to those above referred to in Figures 1 and 2.
In this instance the air pipe g, the pipe for supplying the hydro-
carbon, and the pipe for the inflammable gas, are brought from the
smoke box end of the boiler towards the bridge, where they are bent
upwards, and then back again for a short distance. The spout h¹, and
burners, and the heap of small pieces of fire-clay or other non-
combustible material under them are similar to those before described.
There is another set of burners introduced in the flue at the end of
the boiler, the object of which is to consume the smoke that might
otherwise escape to the chimney. The pipe h for the hydrocarbon, and

page_text: the pipe i for the inflammable gas, pass through a hole in the brickwork.
This hole is made sufficiently large to admit air to support the com-
bustion of the gas and hydrocarbon, and the quantity of air admitted is
regulated by a sliding door, and another door is placed above or near
the burners to allow the gas to be ignited when required.
Any convenient number of burners like those shewn at the end of the
flue may be placed in any part of the outside longitudinal flues.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention, and described the
manner of performing the same, we wish to remark that we do not
intend to limit ourselves to the details given, as it may in some cases be
found desirable to use the inflammable gas without the hydrocarbon, or
the hydrocarbon instead of the inflammable gas; it may also be found
that ordinary grate bars may be used instead of the perforated grate
bars described; the arrangement of the burners may also be otherwise
varied without departing from the peculiar character of our Invention.