IMPROVEMENTS IN COLLARS FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1843

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MOSES
POOLE, of Lincoln's Inn, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-third day of June, in the seventh year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Moses
Poole, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the
said Moses Poole, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Moses Poole, my exors, adiñors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COLLARS FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS," inmunicated to
me by a certain Foreigner residing abroad; in which said Letters Patent is
contained a proviso that I, the said Moses Poole, shall cause a particular
description of the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court
of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Moses Poole, do hereby declare that the nature of the sail Invention, and the

page_text: manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon.
The Invention consists of a mode of constructing collars for horses and other
animals by introducing into the inner part of the collar an air bag or pad, which,
when inflated, offers an easy cushion or pad to the shoulders of the horses, and
whereby I am enabled to dispense with the use of the straw and hay now used
for stuffing the collars, which mode of stuffing often produces injurious. effects
upon the shoulders of the animals. The material of which these air bags are
made is cloth, prepared by the application of a solution of india rubber,
combined with the essence of turpentine; and the mode of making these
air bags is as follows:-
The cloth so prepared is cut into strips in an oblique direction of the cloth,
and the cloth is also cut in a straight line of the thread of the cloth. I put
these strips of cloth around wooden moulds made of the size and form the
collar is required. These moulds are constructed of different pieces in order to
facilitate their being readily taken to pieces and withdrawn when the parts of
the bag are made.
The nature of these moulds will readily be understood by examining the
Drawing No. 3, which shews the mould put together ready for the cloth to be
wound over it, and also the parts shewn separately.
The first layer of cloth which is cut into strips is not covered with the
solution of india rubber, except on its outer surface; the other side remains in
its natural state, and the sides, in coming together, do not adhere together, nor
does it adhere to the moulds. The second layer of cloth is formed of similar
strips of cloth, but covered on both sides with solutions of india rubber. The
third is a cloth covered with a solution of india rubber, but not put on in strips,
but wound on in one oblique piece. To facilitate the flexibility of the outer
covering this cloth is covered on both sides with ten or twelve layers of caout-
chouc cut to the form of the mould in two parts, and joined and tied together
by means of a copper pin, and drawn well together. Over these series of strips
of cloth I put (the whole length) a sheet of pure india rubber in two parts,
joined together by india-rubber cement; this covering of india rubber serves
to keep in the air which the collars are to contain, although the different layers
of cloth before described would be sufficient for that purpose, yet the addition
of this sheet of india rubber gives a greater flexibility and solidity. I after-
wards put around the collar another cloth, which previously received about six
or eight coatings of the india-rubber solution on the inner side, and glue it to
the sheet of india rubber. When the cloth is perfectly dry the different parts of

page_text: the mould are to be withdrawn, as will be more particularly described. In order
to prevent the perspiration of the animal from decomposing the india rubber,
I can it with a coating of impermeable leather or other suitable material. The
nature of these different layers of cloths will readily be understood by
examining the Drawings at Figure 5, which shews them marked there with
different colors, representing their positions, but not the thickness of the
material. The size of these collars can be regulated by the quantity of air
admitted, according to the structure of the horse. I can obtain a collar to fit
correctly; and in cases where a horse has a large head and a small neck the
air may be withdrawn, and the horse's head readily passed through it, and
afterwards filled with air when on the neck of the animal. To manufacture
a collar according to this Invention, I prepare the "fore whale," either of
straw or of iron, or of straw corded, or strong leather, according to the
form required for the solidity of the part of the collar, preserving at all
times the old form of collar, and keeping the inner part fit to receive the
air cushion, which should be of a cylindrical form. Upon the straw carcase
I put a layer or bed of horsehair, wool, or other suitable material, in order to
when it
support the air cushions, then on pressing down the leather *
is filled, and may be finished as an ordinary collar. The tube through which
the air is forced into the bag may be placed upon the upper part, as shewn.
These tubes are either bent or straight, according to the part where they are
placed; when passing through the top they are bent. In order that the Inven-
tion may be more fully understood, I have given Drawings of a collar in various
forms, shewing the different improvements.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Drawing No.-Figure 1 is a plan of a collar constructed according to the
Invention, ready to be applied to a horse or other animal, shewing the inner
part which presses upon the horse or other animal. Figure 2 shews a view,
with a part of the covering laid open, by which the arrangement of the
different parts are seen.
Drawing No. 2.-Figure 3 is a vertical section of a collar with the air bag,
taken through the Figure 1, and shewing the construction of the parts which
surround the air bag. Figure 4 is a transverse section of a collar taken from
the Figure 3. Figure 5 shews a plan of the parts of which the air bag or
cushion is composed, the different colors shewing the different layers of cloth
of which it is composed. Figure 6 shews the cock of the tube through which
the air is introduced into the cushion.

page_text: Drawing No. 3.-Figure 7 shews the mould upon which the cushion is
formed. Figures 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12, are different pieces of the mould upon
which the air bag is formed, shewing how they are put together to form the
mould. In all the Drawings the same letters of reference are marked on all
the sime parts wherever they occur. A is the part of the collar called the "fore
whale;" it may be made in various ways, either of wood, iron, or straw, accord-
ing to the wear required. B is the leather covering around the "fore whale,"
and upon the ends a of which are attached the covering, and the adhesive parts
of the "fore whale" A, or the covering B, which will be found on the outside,
is covered with a varnished leather b. C is the front covering of leather or
other suitable material fixed on the ends a of the covering B of the "fore
whale; it is intended to cover over the air bag or cushion. D is a filling of.
straw or of other suitable material, is placed between the air bag and the
"whale," and protects the air bag from injury. E is the air bag placed
in the inner part of the collar, the outer part being formed to it by the straw
or other filling, which is covered by the blanket. The air is introduced into
the bag or cushion through the cock h, the bent part covered with cloth pre-
viously prepared with india rubber, so as to exclude the air. F is the blanket
which covers, in part, the whale, and joining the leather which covers the fore
whale. G is a part of the mould upon which the others are placed and
adjusted; this picce has attached to it a hook j for the purpose of withdraw-
ing the mould from the bag or cushion after it is properly formed thercon.
H is a piece adjusted to the piece G, and which may be easily drawn out
after the other pieces are removed. K is a piece which is adjusted to the
picce II, and which may be drawn out by means of a hook j. L is a middle
piece placed between the two preceding ones, and which may be removed in
the same manner. M is a or band to attach firmly the parts together; these
straps may be removed as the first layer of cloth is put upon the mould.
These bags are formed in two parts, and afterwards joined together. From
the foregoing description it will be evident that after the series of cloths have
been laid in the mould, and they are thoroughly dry, that they may be readily
removed by withdrawing one of the pieces of these moulds, when the others
easily be taken out, and the tw parts of the bags will then have to be joined
together, which may be done by an india-rubber cement, or by other well-
known means, when the bag or cushion will be in a fit state to be made up
with the collar.
Having thus described the nature of the Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself
to the precise details shewn, so long as the peculiarity of the Invention bo