IMPROVEMENTS IN PRE- PARING DOUGH
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
Lucy, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Miller and Baker, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Third day of June, in the eighth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Lucy, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full power,
sole privilege and authority, that I, the said William Lucy, my exors, adñors,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Lucy, my exors, adñors, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRE-
PARING DOUGH;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I,
the said William Lucy, shall cause' a particular description of the nature of
my said 'Invention; and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Letters' Patent, as in and by the same; reference being thereunto had, will
more fully and-at-large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Lucy, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully de-

page_text: scribed and ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings bereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon, that is to say:-
My Invention consists of improvements in the machinery used for preparing
dough, which said improved machinery is represented in side, elevation in
Figure 1, in plan in Figure 2, and (on a larger scale) in vertical section in
Figure 3, the said vertical section being made through that part of Figure 2
indicated by the dotted line. Figures 4 and 5 represent detached portions of
the same, as herein-after described. a is a trough, in which the materials for
making the dough are placed. The sides of this trough are vertical, as seen
in the vertical section Figure 3, and the bottom of the said trough is curved,
as is also seen in the vertical section Figure 3, the said curves being portions of
circles of which the centres are the centres of the axes b, c. The said axes
b, c, are situated horizontally in the trough a. Each of the said axes carries
a series of curved arms d, d, d', d', arranged equi-distantly around the said
axes, as seen in Figure 3. Each series of the said arms consists of five,
and there are eight of the said series of arms on each of the axes b, c. The
length of the arms d, d, d', d¹, is such that they come very nearly into contact
.with the curved bottom and sides of the trough a; and axes b, c, are situated
at such a distance from each other that the arms of the axis b, during the
rotation of the said axis b, come very nearly into contact with the axis c, and
the arms of the axis c, during the rotation of the said axis c, come very nearly
into contact with the axis b. The axes b, c, work in and are supported by
bearings at e, e. Motion is communicated to the axes b, c, by means of the
axes b', c', and the axes b', c', are connected with the driving machinery by
means of the clutch box f, by the action of which clutch box f the axes b
may be thrown into and out of gear with the driving machinery. A toothed
wheel g, on the axis 6¹, engages in a similar toothed wheel g¹ on the axis c¹,
and the rotation of the axis 6', consequently produces an equal and contrary
rotation in the axis c¹.
In addition to the rotatory motion, I sometimes give to the said axes b, c,
a horizontal or sliding motion, which horizontal or sliding motion is com-
municated to the said axes in the following manner, that is to say:-The
axes b, c, are connected with the axes b, c¹, by the sliding clutches h, i,
which said sliding clutches h, i, while they serve to transmit a rotatory
motion from the axes b', c', to the axes b, c, allow of a sliding or horizontal
motion in the latter. j, k, are square rods connected with the axes b, c, at
j, k'. These rods slide in the guides l, m. Each of the rods j, k, is furnished
at its end with a roller n, o (shown in Figures 1 and 2 in dotted lines). P

page_text: is an axis situated horizontally but in a plane at right angles to that of the
axes b, c, that is to say (in the side elevation Figure 1), in a line perpen-
dicular to the plane of the Drawing. q, r, are two cams fixed on the said
axis p. These cams are represented separately in Figures 4 and 5. s, t, are
grooves or guides in the sides of the cams q. r, in which grooves or guides
the rollers n, o, of of the bars j, k, work. The form of the grooves 8, t,
and the relative position of the cams q, 7, on the axis p, are herein-after
described. It s evident that the rotation of the axis p and cams q, r,
determines a reciprocating or alternating motion in the bars j, k, and axes b, c,
and that the sliding clutches h, i, permit the said reciprocating or alternating
motion in connection with the rotatory motion communicated from the axes
6', c', to the axes b, c, through the said sliding clutches. A rotatory motion
is communicated from the axis to the axis p in the following manner :-u is
a pulley or band wheel on the axis 6', on which pulley or band wheel the
band v runs, the said band also runs on the pulley or band wheel w on the
shaft, and communicates a rotatory motion from the said axis 6' to the shaft
This endless screw
x. y is an endless screw on the end of the shaft x.
gears into a worm wheel z on the axis p, and communicates motion thereto.
The axis 6' performs seven revolutions, more or less, during the time the axis
performs one revolution.
P
Figures 4 and 5 represent the cams q, r, Figure 2. It will be seen by
reference to the Drawing that a portion of each of the grooves or guides
s, t, of the cams q, r, is a portion of a circle of which the centre is the
centre of the axis of the respective cam, that is to say; the portion of the
groove or guide s, of the cam Figure 4, included between 1 and 2, has the
curvature of a circle, of which the centre is the centre of the axis of the
said cam, and that portion of the groove or guide t of the cam, Figure 5,
included between 3 and 4, has the curvature of a circle, the centre of which
is the centre of the axis of the said cam. The other portions of the grooves or
guides of the said cams, Figures 4 and 5, are excentric to the centres of the
axes of the said cams. The excentricity of the said curves is shown by the
It is
circles 5 and 6, described about the centres of the axis of the cams.
evident that during that part of the revolution of the cams at which the
rollers n, o, are situated in the circular portions of the grooves or guides s, t,
the said rollers and rods j, k, (Figure 2,) with which they are connected,
neither advance to nor recede from the axis p of the cams; and it is also
evident that during every other part of the revolution of the cams the rollers
n, o, and rods j, k, (Figure 2,) are either advancing to or receding from the
axis p. The cams are placed back to back on the axis p, and in the relative

page_text: positions shown in Figures 4 and 5, that is to say; if one of the cams in
the position represented in the Drawing were superimposed upon the other
the curved grooves or guides of the said cams would have their proper relative
positions. By tracing the action of the grooves or guides s, t, upon the rollers
n; o, and rods j, k, it will be observed that the roller o and rod t retire froin
the axis p before the roller ni and rod j' (the direction of the rotation being
that indicated by the arrows, Figures 4 and 5), and that the roller and
rod k remain at rest during one third of a revolution of the axis p, at the
time when the said roller and rod are at their greatest distance from the said
axis p. While the roller o and rod k are thus stationary, the roller n and
rod advance to as great a distance from the axis p as that at which the
roller o and rod k are, and immediately retire, the retiring motion of the
the said rollern and rod j being continued until the said roller and rod are
at their nearest position to the axis p, the said roller. n and rod j remaining
at rest in their last described position during one third of a revolution of the
axis p; and during the retiring motion and stationary position of the said
roller n and rod j, the roller o and rod k approach the axis p, and again
recede. The cams q, r, having described one revolution, they are again in
the positions shewn in Figures 4 and 5, and the motions described are
repeated.
The action of my improved machine for preparing dough is as follows:-
The materials for preparing the dough are put into the trough a, and the
axes b, c, are connected with the driving machinery by means of. the, coupling
box f, the axes b, c, are thereby made to rotate in directions indicated by
the arrows Figure 3. The arms d; d, d'; d'; during their revolution, mix the
said materials. in the trough a: During the rotation of the axis b, c, and
revolution of the arms d, d, d'; d', the said axes and arms have the horizontal
or sliding motion herein-before described, that is to say; the axis 6 and the
arms d, d, on the said axis; advance towards the end a¹ of the trough a, until
the said arms come very nearly in contact with the said end à' of the trough a;
the horizontal or sliding motion of the axis 6 is then for a time suspended,
and during that time the axis c, and its arms d', d, advance towards the
end a' of the trough, until the said arms come very nearly in contact with
the arms of the axis b; the said axis c, and its aris d'; d, next retire towards
the other end of the trough a, on arriving at which their horizontal motion
is suspended: The axis 6, and its arms d, d, next advance, until they come
very nearly into contact with the arms of the axis c, and then retire, and
approach again the end a¹ of the trough a, when the motions described are
repeated: By the combination of the rotatory motion of the axes b, c, with

page_text: the horizontal or sliding motion, the arms d, à, d', d', are made to pass
over every part of the trough a, and thereby thoroughly mix the materials
in the said trough. The dough thus made is removed from the trough a,
through a door in the bottom of the said trough.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do
not limit myself to the precise method of carrying my Invention into effect
herein-before described, and represented in the accompanying Drawings, as
the same may be varied without departing from the nature of my said Inven-
tion; but I claim as my Invention,―
Firstly, the method of preparing dough herein-before described, and repre-
sented in the accompanying Drawings, that is to say; by the use of a machine
in which the materials of which the said dough is prepared are mixed together
by means of revolving arms situated on parallel axes; and,
Secondly, the method of preparing dough herein-before described, and repre-
sented in the accompanying Drawings, that is to say; by the use of a machine
in which the materials of which the dough is prepared are mixed by means of
revolving arms situated on parallel axes, the said axes having a sliding motion,
or a motion in a line perpendicular to the plane of rotation of the said axes, in
addition to the said rotating motion.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Lucy, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-five
WILLIAM (L.S.) LUCY.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-ninth day of Novem-
ber, in the year of our Lord 1845, the aforesaid William Lucy came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specifi-
cation aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in
form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.