Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Jan, 1388
Complete Specification Left, 15th Oct., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 21st Dec., 1888
I JAMES SINCLAIR of 59 Heron Road, Herne Hill, S.E. in the County of Surrey,
Carpenter and Maker of Poultry Appliances do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:--
My invention has reference to improvements in the construction of Apparatus for
hatching and rearing oviparous animals by artificial means, and the regulation of
the said apparatus.
My invention consists further in the regulation of the heat and moisture in such a
manner, that a regular supply is destributed over, and amongst the eggs, by means of
an electric or other motor, to act on a valve fixed in, or upon, a chimney, or flue, or
a by-pass as may be required.
3
The manner in which I propose to carry out my invention, is as follows:-
The construction of a hatching chamber, which preferably made of earthenware
or any other suitable material; I fit in the bottom of the Hatching chamber, a tray,
which I generally make of metal to contain water; above this tray I fit a nest, the
bottom of which I make of wire, woven in a suitable manner, or any other perforated
metal, on which I place a thin layer of Carbon, or any other similar material, I may
find answerable; on the Carbon I place a turf, peat-moss, or similar substance, over
which I lay a thin layer of hay, or any other soft substance on which I place the
Eggs to be hatched.
The action of this is, that the water from the tray, is drawn up through the nest by
the heat, which accumulates in the hatching chamber; the nest accordingly kept
moist in the same manner, as if the eggs had been placed on the ground, as would be
the case in a natural or wild state.
My invention consists further, in fixing at one end, and central in the hatching
chamber, an inner, or hot air chamber, through which I place a pipe, or pipes, usually
made of metal, but in many cases of fire-clay, which forms a flue from a lamp, Gas, or
any other substance, I may use for heating purposes, (hereafter called lamp), around
this pipe or flue, I fix a second a pine or cylinder, through which, a current of fresh

page_text: air is carried into hatching chamber; independent of this cylinder, I pierce a quantity
of holes, through right hand end of hatching chamber under nest, and over the water
tray before mentioned, consequently a second supply of fresh air enters hot air
chamber, at bottom or floor level, through which it travels into hatching chamber, this,
I find is very essential during hot weather, or in tropical Climates.
By means of holes cut in the second pipe, or cylinder, (hereafter called cylinder),
near to the top, or ceiling of hatching chamber, and immediately below and in a line
with these holes, I fix a tray to contain water, or other suitable liquid; on a level with
this tray, and at end of hatching chamber, and directly over hot air chamber, I fix a
tank, through which I carry the before mentioned flue, from lamp, as it returns out
through end of hatching chamber, into the open air; this tank I keep full of water or
other liquid; the water is heated by the said lamp, this tank being air-tight, by means
of a Cap. I screw on top of supply pipe to same; at side, and near to the bottom of
the tank, I fix a pipe which communicates with the beforementioned tray, by so doing,
this Pipe forms a syphon, and allows the water in tray to rise, till the tray is three
parts full, a small portion of the water, or liquid, is drawn from the tray by the Hot
Air, that escapes from the before mentioned cylinder, and is consequently distributed
in a warm, moist, condition, amongst the eggs in the Hatching Chamber, all waste, or
foul air, passes out through glass, or metal tubes that I fix on the inside, and. near to
the top, or ceiling of Hatching Chamber; 1 further find that in large Hatching
Chambers I require to facilitate the heating properties, to carry from Hot Air
Chamber across Hatching Chamber, to right hand end, returning at the same end,
and back through tank before mentioned, into the open air, the said flue, cylinder
and water tray, all in same manner as before stated.
To still further facilitate the Heating, 1 insert between the ones already mentioned,
a third Pipe or cylinder, to contain water which I supply from the before men-
tioned Tank, this water gets heated by the said Flue, which makes it retain the
Heating power considerably longer.
My invention consists further, in forming the walls of the Hatching Chamber
in such a manner, that all the contents can be fully inspected, without in any way
interfering with the heat, in Hatching Chamber, by means of windows, or doors,
composed of Glass, which I hang in the walls of the said Chamber; I further construct
the top, or ceiling, of said Chamber, in such a manner that it can be removed, or
opened, as may be required, by means of hinges, or other suitable attachments, I may
find answerable.
1 further line the walls, on the inside of said Chamber, with a Non-Conductor, such
as Asbestos, or other or other similar substance, on which I place a sheet, or sheets of
copper, or other good conductor of heat, which I find greatly assists the heating
properties of the Hatching Chambers.
My invention consists further in the heating of an apparatus, (which I usually con-
struct of wood, or any other suitable substance,) for the rearing of Oviparous Animals,
after they are taken from the Hatching Chamber, in such a manner that a gradual,
yet moist warmth, is continually being circulated, amongst and around the animals.
The way I carry out this part of my invention, is the construction of a Tank, usually
made of Iron, in a peculiar manner, with a number of pipes attached thereto; inside
this Tank I fix a plate of copper, of a flexible nature, under which I place a lamp, the
heat from this lamp, makes the copper to vibrate, by so vibrating a quantity of hot air
is carried over a second Tank, (which contains water), by the Hot Air and water,
amalgamating with the fresh air, that enters through the before mentioned pipes,
all of which enters the bed chamber of the animals, in such a manner, that it acts
on the said animals, the same as if they were under their Natural Mother. I ventilate
the bed chamber and apartinent attached thereto in such a manner, that there is always
a current of fresh air, entering in at the one side, and all foul or waste air escapes at
the other side, by means of a Pipe that is fixed at top or ceiling of bed chamber,
consequently the chamber is always kept pure and sweet; the regulation of the heat
in this chamber, is performed in the same manner, as will be hereafter stated for
the Hatching Chamber.

page_text: My invention consists further, in forming an apparatus, on which to place the lamp
used for heating purposes, so that by pressing a lever, which works on an eccentric
axis, the lamp is raised, or lowered, as may be required; the advantage gained from
this, is, by pressing the said lever, the lamp and chimney is raised, and brought in
close contact with the Flue, consequently, all heating power is retained, and carried
through said flue, into Hot Air Chamber without any waste.
My invention consists further in the regulation of the heat in the Hatching Chamber;
This I do, firstly by means of a Metal or Delfware tube bent in such a manner, that it
forms a syphon or trap; on the one end of this tube I fixed a screwed cap, on the
other end, which is larger, I fix a flexible top, which I usually make of Iron or Steel.
In the tube I put a quantity of Hydrargyrum, (or other suitable material), on this I
put a few drops of Glycerine, or any other Volitable substance.
On the heat in hatching chamber, or bed chamber, (hereafter called chambers),
rising to a given temperature, the contents of the tube is made to move to the end
with the flexible top; the action of this is two-fold; firstly, the hydrargyrum in the
tube is forced to the end with the flexible top, which forces the top to rise, and act on
a valve, by suitable connections, which is fixed in the centre of Flue or by-pass from
Lamp.
Secondly, I hang this tube on suitable centres, by so doing, the hydrargyrum over-
balances the tube, and in a similar manner, acts on the before mentioned valve.
My invention consists further, in hanging in a suitable place in the chambers, a
thermometer, constructed in such a manner, that it acts on an electric battery; this
battery acts on a magnet, which acts on an armiture, which I construct in such a
manner, that it acts by suitable mechanism, (such as clockwork,) on the before-men-
tioned valve, or the same may be applied to cause a bell to ring, and give an alarm,
on the heat rising to a higher degree than is required in the chambers.
Dated this Fourteenth day of January 1888.

page_text: under the nest B¹ and enters hatching chamber through a space left under the hot
air chamber at the bottom A¹, then through the beforementioned holes F¹) immediately
below, and in a line with these holes F¹ I fix a tray G, to contain water; On a line
with this tray, and at the one end of hatching chamber, and directly over the hot air
chamber, I fix a tank G' through which I carry the beforementioned flue D, from the
lamp E as it returns through the end of the chamber into the open air, this tank is
kept full of water for the supply of moisture to the eggs to be hatched. This tank is
airtight by means of a cap G2, screwed on the top of the supply pipe to the same, at
the one side and near to the bottom of this tank I fix a pipe G³ which pipe is con-
nected to the beforementioned tray G, by this connection, the pipe G³ forms a syphon,
and allows the water in the tray G, to rise till it is three parts full, a small portion of
this water is absorbed by way of moisture to the eggs in the hatching chamber, all
the wasto or foul air passes out through glass or metal ventilating tubes H, as shewn
in section on Fig. 5.
•
I further find that in large hatching chambers, I require to facilitate the heating
properties, to carry (as shown in Figs. 3, 4, 6 and 7,) from hot air chamber C, across
hatching chamber, to right hand end, returning at the same end, and back through
the tank Gas before described into the open air, the said flue D, cylinder F and the
water tray G all in the same manner as before stated.
To still further facilitate the heating, I insert between the ones already mentioned
a third pipe or cylinder D to contain water which I supply from the before-
mentioned tank G this water gets heated by the flue D. which makes it retain
the heating powers considerably longer.
My invention consists further in forming the walls A of the hatching chamber, in
such a manner as shewn in Figs. 1. 3. 5 and 7, that all the contents can be fully in-
spected without in any way interfering with the heat in the hatching chamber by means
of windows A generally composed of glass, or doors A which I hang on the walls
of the chamber A. I further construct the top part or ceiling of the hatching
chamber A in such a form that it can be removed or opened as may be required,
by means of a screw or screws J as shown in Figs. 2, 4 and 6, or by means of
hinges J as shewn in Figs. 1. and 8.
I further find, in removing or opening large hatching chambers, by means of a
screw or screws J, I require the guides, A as shewn in Figs. 2, and 9, which
guides A are supported by means of a spring or springs A fixed in the legs of
the Hatching Chamber A. The guides A2 are fixed to the part to be opened, the
said guides work in the sockets A³, that are fixed in the legs of the before mentioned
chambers, which are fully shewn in the section Fig. 9.
My invention consists further, in lining the walls A on the inside with a non-con-
ductor, such as asbestos, K on which place a sheet, or sheets of copper K', or
any other good conductor of heat. I find further, in covering the said copper K¹
with an enamel, which has a surface like glass, that it still further assists the heating
properties in the hatching chamber.
My invention consists further in the construction of an apparatus, (hereinafter
call lantern) on, and in which, I place the lamp &c., I use for the heating purpose
as shown in the drawings Figs. 20, 21 and 22. Fig. 20 is a plan, Fig. 21 is a section
taken on line C. D. and Fig. 22 is a section on line A. B. of the plan Fig. 20.
C is
the inlet for the hot air which enters through the holes pierced all round the case of
the said lantern, as shewn in the Figs. 21 and 22. D in Figs. 20. 21. and
22 is the flue from the lamp, and in the top or by pass from the said
lamp, and above the said flue D is the valve M which is acted on by the
said regulator as hereinafter stated. Attached to this valve M is a rod which has
on the one end a wheel with teeth, this wheel is moved by a lever with corresponding
teeth, the said lever being moved by the rods from the regulator as shewn in Fig. 4.
E is the lamp. E is the lever which acts on an eccentric axis E2, as shewn on the
outside of the lantern case in Figs. 20 and 21.
The slides E, are drawn forward, and the frame E4, is consequently raised by the
arms E, which work to and fro on centres as shewn by the slides E3 and the frame E¹.

page_text: The lamp being placed in the frame E4, is raised or lowered as may be required.
The advantage gained by this, is, that by pulling and turning (by hand) the said
lever E, the lamp and chimney is raised, and brought in close contact with the flue D,
consequently all heating power is retained, and carried through the said flue without
any waste.
My invention consists further, in the heating of an apparatus for use in the rearing
of oviparous animals. This apparatus consists of a chamber artificially heated, and
communicating with other chambers provided with glazed covers, this communicates
with an enclosure covered with wire at the top, so that it is open to the atmosphere.
My improvement consists of an arrangement, hereinafter described, for heating
the first mentioned chamber, which is hereinafter termed the bedchamber, or heated
chamber as the case may be. I secure at one side of this chamber, a tank of iron or
other good conductor of heat, with a number of pipes and holes attached thereto, this
tank is divided internally, by means of a horizontal position composed of copper,
extending from end to end, this partition is heated from a lamp placed under it, the
heat from the lamp makes the copper to vibrate, by so vibrating, a quantity of air
which enters through the pipes is heated as it enters, and is carried through the
tank over the beforementioned partition, and escapes through holes in the top of the
tank, over a second tank or tray, (hereinafter called tray) which contains water
supplied from a cistern placed at the top of the chamber over the radiating plate as
shewn in the drawings by the hot air and water amalgamating with the fresh air, that
enters the chamber at top or ceiling, through pipes hereafter referred to, all of which
enters the bed chamber of the animals in such a manner, that it acts on them the same
as if they were under their natural mother.
The ventilation and regulation of this part of.my invention is performed the same as
for the hatching chamber, (as hereinafter stated).
•
These improvements are illustrated in Figs. 10 to 19 (both inclusive) of the
accompanying drawings. Fig. 10 is a plan. Figs. 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19 are elevations
of the entire apparatus. Fig. 11 is a section on line 1-1, Fig. 10. Fig. 12 is a
section on line 2-2, Fig. 10. Figs. 13 and 14. are half sections on line A. B. and C. D.
respectively. R is the bed chamber. S is the adjoining chamber covered by a glazed
sash S', forming a dry run. Tis the open chamber, covered by the frame T¹ to which
is affixed the wire to form a cover to chamber T. S² and T2 are the doors or openings
communicating the chambers R. S and T. The parts S. S' S² and T. T¹ are inter-
changeable, and are formed and connected together, and to the part R, as shewn in
the drawings. U, is the part of tank to contain hot air U¹ is the inlet, U³ the escape
for the before mentioned air, V2 is the damper or valve which is acted on by the
rod E or by E2* from the regulator as shewn in Figs. 4. 11 & 12. V is the part of
tank that the heat passes through in heating the copper plate V*. From lamp E, the
product of combustion or fumes pass through the flue or chimney V₁ (E is the well or
reservoir) and E the burner of the lamp used for heating purposes. X is the
partition that divides the lamp E and tanks U and V from bed chamber. Y is the
cistern to supply the tray Y₁ with water, used for moisture as before explained.
R¹ is the bearers, 12 is the metal plate hung in the top of the chamber to form a
radiator of the heat.
My invention consists further in the regulation of the beat in the hatching and
rearing chamber, this I do, firstly, by means of a metal or delfware tube L, bent in the
manner shown in the sections, Figs. 1. 4 and 8 so that it forms a syphon or trap, on
the one end of this tube I put a screwed cap L', inside this cap and on top of the tube
I put a glass cup L2, on the other end, which is the smallest, I put a flexible top of
steel L³, this top is kept in the proper place by the two brass collars L, as shown in
the drawings, in this tube I put a quantity of hydrargyrum, (or other suitable
material) on this, I put a few drops of glycerine or any volatile substance, on the heat
in the chambers rising to a given temperature the contents in the tube moves to the
end with the steel top, consequently the steel top is raised and acts on the valve M
(Figs. 4. 21 and 22 in my hatching, and on the valve V2 Figs. 11 and 12 in my
rearing apparatus) in the flue or bye-pass from the lamp E by means of the rod E*

page_text: as shown in Figs. 4. 11. and 12, resting on the said top, secondly, instead of the above,
I may hang the tube L. on centres as shown in Figs. 1. 4 and 8, (this action is
alternative) the screw L being lowered, gives the tube free access to the said centres,
consequently, it acts on the valve M as before by the rod E2* as per Fig. 4 by the
tube overbalancing and drawing the rod E2* down by the weight of the hydragyrum
in a similar manner to the rod E¹* being raised by the pressure from the hydrargyrum
& glycerine. combined, L, Fig. 1 is a forked shaped carrier in which is hung the
regulator L. or it may be used as shown in Fig. 4 with the carrier Le fixed in the
bottom of the hatching chamber.
My invention consists further, in hanging in a suitable place in the chambers a
thermometer constructed in such a manner, that it acts on an electric battery, this
battery acts on a magnet, which acts on an armature, which I construct in such a form
that it acts by suitable mechanism, (such as clockwork) on the before mentioned
valve M, or the same may be applied to cause a bell to ring, and give an alarm on the
heat rising to a higher degree than is required in the hatching chamber. This part of
my invention, I do not consider necessary to illustrate, it being an alternative to the
two methods before stated as far as the actions on the valves are concerned, but the
way I perform this is, I take a platinium wire and insert one end in the bulb of a
thermometer of ordinary construction, and the other end I connect with the carbon
pole of an electric battery, I take a second wire and insert in the tube at 104 degs. F.
and connect the other end, with the other pole of the electric battery, and I place in
the circuit a double magnet, fitted with a spring (similar to the ones used for electric
bells) so that when the mercury in the thermometer rises to 104 deg. F. it completes
the circuit, the armature closes, and being connected with the valve M pulls it open,
and so let some of the heat to escape, but directly the armature closes it is away from
the contact pillar, and the circuit is broken, then the spring previously mentioned
forces the armature back to the contact pillar and the circuit is completed again so
that the valve M is opening and shutting all the time the heat stands at 104 deg. F. a
third wire is inserted in the tube at 105 deg. F. and the other end connected with the
armature of a single magnet, so that should the heat rise to 105 deg. the circuit is
completed and the valve M. opens the same as before, except that the battery being on
a single magnet, and no spring to it, the armature is kept closed and the valve M. open
as long as the heat stands at 105 deg. F. A fourth wire is inserted at 107 deg. F. and
the other end connected with an electric bell, so that should any accident arise to
prevent the working of the valve M, the heat would rise to 107 deg. F. and cause the
bell to ring and give an alarm as long as the heat kept as high or higher than
107 deg. F. The above is applicable in the same manner to the rearing apparatus,
only the beat is kept lower by the wires being inserted at 70. 75 & 80 degs. F.
respectively.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of my invention of "Improve-
nients in apparatus for hatching and rearing oviparous animals," and the manner in
which the said invention is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not
limit myself to the precise details herein before described, as they may be varied
without departing from the nature of my invention, but I claim as my said
invention,
First, the general combination, arrangements, and construction of parts, constituting
the apparatus for hatching eggs and rearing oviparous animals by artificial heat, as
herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Secondly, the construction of a nest or nests as hereinbefore explained and illustrated
in Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 and 8 of the drawings.
Thirdly, the formation of a hot air chamber inside the hatching chamber for the
inlet of fresh hot air to the said chamber, as hereinbefore described.
Fourthly, the construction of a tank with the pipes attached thereto, and the
connection of the said tank to a tray for the supply of moisture to the hatching
chamber.

page_text: Fifthly, arranging ventilating tubes as shewn in the section and elevation Fig. 5 of
the drawings, and as before explained.
Sixthly, the improvements in forming in the walls of the hatching. chambers,
windows and doors as before explained and illustrated...
Seventhly, the manner or means of opening or gaining access to the eggs placed in
the hatching chamber, by the use of a telescope or any other screw or screws and
guide or guides as before described and illustrated in Figs. 2. 3. 4. and 6 of the
accompanying drawings.
Eighthly, the lining of the walls of the hatching chamber with a non-conducting
material such as asbestos, and the placing of a good conducting metal such as copper
on the non-conductor, and the coating of the said copper or other conducting metal
with an enamel as hereinbefore described.
Ninthly, the improved arrangements hereinbefore described and illustrated in
Figs. 10, 11, and 12 of the accompanying drawings, for heating and supplying
moisture in an apparatus for use in rearing oviparous aniinals.
Tenthly, the forming of flues or passages for the conveyance of heat from a lamp to
(or to and from) an apparatus for use in hatching eggs, and the construction of a
frame on which to place the lamp as herein before described and illustrated in
Figs. 20. 21. and 22.
Eleventhly, the construction of an apparatus for automatically controlling the
passage of heat to or through the chambers or compartments of the said apparatus, as
illustrated in plan and section in the accompanying drawings, Figs. 1, 4 and 8.
Twelfthly, the hanging in a chamber or chambers a thermometer constructed in the
manner to act on a valve, or to cause a bell or hells to ring and give an alarm by
electricity, as hereinbefore explained.
Dated this 14th day of January 1888