THE FABRICATION OR PREPARATION OF A COAL FITTED FOR THE REFINING AND PURIFYING OF SUGAR AND OTHER MATTER, AND TO RESTORE THE COAL WHICH HAS SERVED FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1830

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MARIC
ELIZABETH ANTOINETTE PERTUIS, of No. 56, Rue de Bai, in the City of Paris
and Kingdom of France, Spinster, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-third day of
December, in the first year of His reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Marie Elizabeth Antoinette Pertuis,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, His especial licence, full power, sole
privilege and authority, that I, the said Marie Elizabeth Antoinette Pertuis,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my
Invention for "THE FABRICATION OR PREPARATION OF A COAL FITTED FOR THE
REFINING AND PURIFYING OF SUGAR AND OTHER MATTER, AND TO RESTORE THE
COAL WHICH HAS SERVED FOR THAT PURPOSE;" in which said Letters Patent is
contained a proviso that if I, the said Marie Elizabeth Antoinette Pertuis,
should not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention,

page_text: and in what manner the same is performed, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, and cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent, that then the said Letters Patent, and all.
liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby granted, should utterly cease,
determine, and become void, as in and by the same Letters Patent, reference
being thereunto had, may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Marie Elizabeth Antoinette Pertuis, do hereby declare that the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is
particularly described and ascertained in the following explanation thereof,
(that is to say):
-
To fabricate and prepare the coal or charcoal, I take and well mix
together various animal and vegetable substances, herein-after described,
with certain earthy substances also herein-after to be described, with a solu-
tion of a certain class of salts commonly called muriates, or in particular
cases, in lieu thereof, or in conjunction therewith, muriatic acid, or Glauber's
spirits of salt. I dry the mixed matter, calcine it, and pulverize it by the
methods which are commonly used by the manufacturers of bone charcoal or
charcoal made from bones, and in the same kind of vessels and furnaces and
with the same kind of machinery; I then wash the black carbonaceous
powder which results in several waters, until the water used shall be quite free
from any acid or salt taste; and the charcoal thus made is then fit to be
employed in the same way as animal charcoal made from bones and other
animal substances now used commonly for the purpose, or it may be dried as
may be required. Most animal and vegetable substances which from their
own nature, or by a preliminary operation, may be made to mix well with clay
and sand, are proper for the preparation of this charcoal. The animal and
vegetable substances which I have found from their nature or small value to
answer the purpose best are coal tar (as; produced and condensed in the
manufacture of coal gas), molasses, blood, peat, tanners' waste or bark, after it
has been used by tanniers, and bones from which the animal matter has been
for the most part extracted in the manufacture of glue from bones. The
muriates which I generally use are muriate of soda or common salt, and muriato
of lime; but all the other alkaline or soluble earthy muriates will answer the
same purpose, and may be used when they can be obtained at as little cost.
The carthy substances which I use are common clay, sand, and river, seaport,
or dock mud. I employ these several matters and substances before-mentioned
in the following proportions:-I take two hundred and fifty parts of fine sand,

page_text: fifty parts of common clay, fifty parts of common salt or other soluble muriate,
one hundred parts of coal tar, molasses or blood; or instead I take three
hundred parts of river, seaport, or dock mud, fifty parts of common salt or
other soluble muriate, one hundred parts of coal tar, molasses or blood. I
proceed to operate with these matters and substances as follows:-I break the
common clay into small pieces and soften it in water so as to form a paste
easily worked and mixed with other matters; I dissolve the common salt or
other soluble muriate in as small a quantity of water as is sufficient to take it
up; I then mix the same with the saline solution, and afterwards I add
the clay paste and tar, molasses, or blood, and mix the whole well and
intimately together; I dry the mixt matter and calcine it in vessels, retorts, or
cylinders in the same way and with the same kind of furnaces as are usually
employed in the calcination of bones for the manufacture of bone black or
charcoal; I reduce the carbonaceous matter or substance which results to a
powder, and wash it repeatedly in several and distinct waters, until the last
water used is free from any acid or saline taste. The charcoal may then be
used wet or dry, and has the same property or quality of bleaching, whitening,
or lessening the colour of sirup and other liquids as is known to be possessed
by charcoal made from bones. When I use river, dock, or seaport mud, I mix.
the common salt or other soluble muriate with the mud, and then add the tar,
molasses, or blood; I mix, dry, calcine, pulverise, and wash the matter or com-
pound, as before described in operating with, common clay and sand. In
making use of peat or tanners' waste as before mentioned, I take threo
hundred parts of fresh peat or tanners' waste, seventy-five parts of common
clay, sixty parts of common salt, or other soluble muriate; I dissolve the
common salt, or other soluble muriate, in water, to produce as near as possible
a saturated solution; I then break the clay into pieces. and make it into a pasto
with the saline solution; I then mix the paste with the peat or tanners' waste,
so as to incorporate them well together; I then dry, calcine, pulverise, and
wash, as before described in the operation with tar, molasses, or blood, and the
charcoal thus made may be used in the same manner as animal charcoal.
To make a charcoal from bones which have been used in the manufacture
of glue, and which, containing but little animal matter, have been considered
iniproper for the purpose of making animal charcoal, I take one hundred
parts of these bones and ten parts of tar; I pour the tar on the bones, and stir
them well together, and then calcine the whole in close vessels, retorts, or
cylinders, as is commonly done in the manufacture of animal charcoal from
new bones; I then reduce the calcined mixed matter to a powder of the fine-
ness required..

page_text: To make charcoal in grains of about the size of coarse gunpowder, with very,
little fine powder admixed, as is sometimes desirable, I take and grind bones
in a mill similar in nature and construction to a common coffee mill, but
proportioned in size to the quantity of bones to be ground, by which I reduce
them into grains or coarse powder, of the size of coarse gunpowder. I calcine
this coarse grain powder in the same kind of vessels, retorts, and cylinders as
are usually employed in calcining bones to make animal charcoal. I sift the
charcoal formed through sieves of different fineness, and thus I make grain
charcoal of different qualities, and a very small proportion of charcoal dust.
To restore tho property or quality of bleaching, removing, or lessening the
color of colored sirups or other liquids to charcoal, which having been used for
that purpose has lost or ceased to have that property or quality, I proceed
as follows: I take one hundred parts of the carbonaceous waste matter, or
residuum of sugar boilers or refiners, and which contains the charcoal which
has been employed in bleaching their sirup, and twenty parts of common salt
or other soluble muriate; I dissolve the common salt, or other soluble muriate,
in sufficient water to effect its solution; I well mix and incorporate the saline
solution with the carbonaceous black residuum; I dry and calcine the
compound in the same manner and in the same kind of vessels, retorts, or
cylinders as are commonly used in making animal charcoal from bones; I
wash the calcined matter in several different waters until the last water used
is quite free from any acid or salt taste, and it is then proper to be again
employed in bleaching or lessening the color of colored sirups and other liquids;
in the same way as animal charcoal made from fresh bones, or other animal
or vegetable matters or substances as before described, and is in the state of
either grain charcoal or powder charcoal, according to the nature of charcoal
which entered into the sugar boilers or refiners' residuum from which it is made
or restored.
I have stated that I sometimes employ muriatic acid in lieu of common
salt, or other soluble muriate; or in conjunction therewith it may be used
in all tlie several processes herein-before described in which common salt
may be employed, whenever any of the matters or substances used happen to
contain lime or carbonate of lime. The acid is then to be employed in
sufficient quantity to saturate the lime, forming a muriate of lime; and a
diminution of the quantity of common salt, or other soluble muriate, is to be
made from the several proportions herein-before respectively set forth,
equivalent to the quantity of muriate of lime formed.
In stating the proportions of the various matters and substances which I
use, and herein-before set forth, I intend them to be estimated in their dry

page_text: state, or deprived of the water they contain. I do not claim any right to the
exclusive use of any particular kind of vessel, retort, cylinder, furnace, mill,
or other machinery with which I execute and perform the various processes
before described, as I use such as are generally known and in common use;
but I claim the exclusive right and privilege of making or manufacturing
charcoal with the several matters and substances, and in the several manners
and methods, herein-before described, and also of making or manufacturing
charcoal by restoring the bleaching property or quality to charcoal which has
been used in bleaching sirups or other matters, and which has thereby lost
its bleaching property, as before set forth and described, such being, to the
best of my knowledge and ability, entirely new methods or processes, and
never before used within that part of His said Majesty's United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland called England, His said Dominion of Wales, and
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, I do hereby declare this to be my said Specifi-
cation of the same, and that I do verily believe this my Specification doth
comply in all respects, fully and without reserve, with the proviso in the said
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent contained; wherefore I do hereby
claim to maintain exclusive right and privilege to the said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Mario Elizabeth Antoinette Pertuis;
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of May,
One thousand eight hundred and thirty-one.
GEO. D. SLOPER,
7, South Square, Gray's Inn.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Thirtieth day of May, in
the year above mentioned, the aforesaid Marie Elizabeth Antoinette Pertuis
came before our Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the same Thirtieth day of May, in the year above written.