Improvements in Lamps.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 4th June, 1895-Accepted, 21st Sept., 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lamps.
We, LEWIS FULTON BETTS, of No. 366 Lewis Avenue, in Brooklyn, Kings
County, in the State of New York, U.S.A., Engineer, WILLIAM PROCTOR
CHY, of No. 106 Fulton Street, New York City, in the County and State of
New York, U.S.A., Merchant, and GEORGE BELL WILSON, of No. 224 South
Front Street, City of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, U.S.A.,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
The invention relates more particularly to improvements in that class of lamps
which can be used upon bicycles or analogous vehicles, as well as utilized in the
form of a lantern to be carried around.
One of the main objects of this invention is to so arrange the parts of the lamp
as to supply the flame with the requisite amount of air to produce proper com-
bustion while at the same time regulating the entrance and exit of the air in such
manner that the flame will burn steadily under all conditions of use. By this means
sudden gusts of air are prevented from extinguishing the flame or causing it to
smoke or flicker, while at the same time auy jarring that the lamp may be
subjected to will not cause the flame to be extinguished.
A further object of the invention relates to means for resiliently supporting the
wick of the lamp so that it will be relieved from the direct concussions incident to
travelling over rough and jolting places in the road.
Another object of the invention is to provide improved means by which the lamp
can be resiliently supported on the frame of a bicycle and readily detached from
said support so as to enable it to be carried around by hand.
In carrying out the first-mentioned portion of this invention, a main body or
casing is provided, into the bottom of which a suitable lamp-fount may be thrust
and attached as found most suitable. Within said casing is placed a reflector,
preferably of parabolic form, which is provided with a lower opening through
which the wick-tube can project. Said reflector extends to the forward portion of
the frame or casing, and is so arranged as to permit air to pass back of it between
it and the forward walls of the casing. The forward end of the reflector meets a
ring which carries a protecting glass, which ring, forward of the glass, is provided
with a series of apertures to permit air to enter the casing, and to thus pass back of
the reflector. In the back of the casing opposite the reflector, are a series
of apertures for the exit of air, and at the opposite sides of the casing, slightly
above the normal position of the wick, are side apertures, outside of which are
located windows or doors which are pivoted on the casing, and are arranged
so as to shield the openings at the sides of the casing, but not to tightly close
the same.
In the sides of the reflector, substantially in line with the said apertures of
the casing, are apertures somewhat above the normal position of the wick, so
arranged as to supply air to and draw air from the wick, but the reflector so
shields the wick as to prevent sudden gusts of air reaching it. In the upper
portion of the reflector is also placed an aperture for the outlet of the heated
products of combustion, which may pass through perforations in the top of the
casing. By means of the above-described arrangement a proper quantity of air
is supplied to the flame, and at the same time the flame is so. shielded that in

page_text: whichever direction the lamp may be moved, or if it be jarred, or receives concussions
from any cause, the air will be prevented from suddenly attacking the flame,
because the inlets and outlets for the air are so arranged that the wick is protected,
while at the same time supplied with the requisite quantity of air.
In carrying out the second-mentioned portion of this invention, the wick is
enclosed in a metal tube which may be termed a cartridge, and is made capable of
movement with gentle friction up and down in the wick-tube proper. A spring is
provided of sufficiently long action to support such cartridge, with the effect of
allowing the cartridge to dance to a considerable extent up and down with the
motion of the bicycle carrying the lamp, and thus relieves the flame from concussions
in travelling.
As to the third-mentioned portion of this invention, an improved construction of
spring connections has been devised, by which the lamp can be resiliently carried
upon a bicycle. For this purpose a spring is utilized, having two forwardly bent
arms adapted to spring outwardly and to engage at their free ends with the frame
of the lamp. These spring arms are carried in a clip composed of two parallel
arms forming a socket or space to receive a support on a bicycle, and provided with
suitable means for holding said socket upon said support, such as a thumb-screw or
frictional clamping device.
Provisions are made for admitting the air to the flame with sufficient freedom,
and yet softening its force, if too violent, by compelling it to traverse through a
contracted space between the front edge of the reflector and the interior of the
case, and then to reverse its motion before it can reach the flame. Further
provision is made for softening the effect of the wind by enclosing the space around
and in rear of the reflector in a fiuely perforated case, allowing the wind to enter
from all directions, but softened in its force by being compelled to traverse such
perforations before being allowed to flow through the annular aperture and be
reversed in direction.
The invention further consists in the novel details of improvement and the
combinations of parts that will be more fully hereinafter set forth and then pointed
out in the claims.
The accompanying drawings form a part of this Specification and represent what
are considered the best means of carrying out the invention.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the improved lamp complete.
Fig. 1A is a detail on the line x-x in Fig. 1.
Fig. 2 is a vertical cross section thereof.
Fig. 3 is a plan view of the lamp.
Fig. 4 is a front elevation thereof.
Fig. 5 is a central vertical section of a lamp fount provided with the improved
dancing wick.
Fig. 6 is a detail side elevation of the wick cartridge and its spring.
Fig. 7 is a corresponding plan view.
Fig. 8 is a corresponding side view looking at right angles to Fig. 6, and
Fig. 9 is a corresponding plan view.
Fig. 8 is a side elevation of a modification of the invention;
Fig. 9 a front elevation;
Fig. 10 a central longitudinal section corresponding to Fig. 8^ ; and
Fig. 11 a horizontal section on the line 11-11 in Fig. 10.
The remaining figures represent portions detached.
Fig. 12 is a front view of the reflector, with its liberally perforated flange serving
as a means for holding the reflector firmly in position, and at the same time allowing
the air to move freely forward through the nearly complete annular space between
the reflector and the exterior case-ring.
Fig. 13 represents the rubber friction-piece detached.
Fig. 14 shows a portion of the wick-tube and of the wick elevating rod.
In the accompanying drawing the letter A indicates the main casing of the
improved lamp, which is shown provided at the top with a suitable perforated

page_text: dome A², and having provisions at the lower portion to receive and hold a lamp-
fount, B. The lamp-fount is shown connected with the casing A by means of a
bayonet joint a, so arranged as to receive the wick-shaft 6 of the lamp-fount, so
that by turning the latter, said wick-shaft will pass into the horizontal portion of
the L-shaped slot a of the bayonet joint, to hold the lamp-fount in position. To
hold the shaft 6 in proper position in the slot a, a spring-band B2 is shown, having
an aperture 6¹, to receive the end of the shaft b to lock it in position. The
spring B2 is suitably secured to the casing A, and its free end may be bent
outwardly to permit the end of the shaft b to readily ride under it. In detaching
the fount from the casing it is only necessary to push the spring B² outwardly to
release the shaft b from the aperture 6. Any other suitable means may be
provided for removably connecting the lamp-fount with the casing A.
In the back of the casing A is an enlarged opening C, over which is placed a
perforated plate or mesh D,-see Fig. 2, which may be held in place by any
suitable means, as by spinning a portion of the casing over said perforated plate or
mesh, and riveting it thereto if desired.
E is a reflector, shown of substantially parabolic form, its forward end having
outwardly extending lugs e which rest against the flaring mouth A³ of the casing A.
Lugs or projections el may be provided on the flaring mouth A³, to assist in holding
the reflector in position within the casing, the insertion of the reflector being
effected by first moving the lugs e out of line with the lugs e', and then turning the
effector to cause said lugs to align. But other suitable means may be employed
for this purpose if desired. Between the lugs e of the reflector E and the
corresponding wall of the flaring mouth A3, of the casing, are produced openings e²,
see Fig. 4, which permit the passage of air into the casing and around the exterior
of said reflector.
F is an annular cone-like ring or shield, adapted to fit into the open end of the
casing A, as into its flaring mouth A³, the inner edges of this ring F lapping the
forward edges of the reflector E. The cone-like ring F is shown provided with a
curled edge, adapted to lap over the outer edge of the flaring mouth A³ of the
casing A, and the ring F is also provided with an annular groove f", in which fits
a glass G. 9 is a wire ring also fitting into the groove 2, and adapted to retain
the glass G in position. The ring F in front of the glass G is provided with a
series of apertures F2, which lead to the space between the ring F and the flaring
mouth A3 of the casing, so as to permit air to pass through said apertures and into
the casing back of the reflector through the openings e², as before stated.
ring F is preferably made removable, and for this purpose spring arms H are
shown, which are attached to the sides of the casing A, and have outwardly curved
ends h, which take under the curled edge of the ring F, thereby holding said ring
in position on the flaring mouth A³ of the casing A, see Fig. 3, the curved ends of
the springs H being there shown in dotted lines. By merely pressing a spring-
arm H inwardly, the ring F will be released, the outward spring tendency of said
arms H serving to hold the curved ends h of said spring arms against the curl ƒ of
the ring F.
The
In the lower portion of the reflector E is an aperture E¹, into which the
wick-tube B¹ of the lamp-fount B may project, whereby the flame cau burn within
said reflector. E2 is an aperture in the reflector E directly above the aperture E',
and permits the exit of the heated products of combustion which may pass there-
from through the apertured dome A² of the lamp casing A.
E' is a metal tube adapted to fit within the upper opening of the casing A, at its
connection with the donie A2, and serves as a chimney to direct the products of
combustion from the flame up into the dome. The lower edge of the tube E³ is
inclined rearwardly, and is given the necessary curve to conform to the outline of
the reflector E, where it joins said reflector, see Figs. 1 and 2. This tube E'
serves to prevent sudden gusts of air from descending into the reflector through its
aperture 2.
E3 are apertures in the side walls of the reflector E and located on a plane a

page_text: little above the normal position of the wick, and so arranged as to supply air to as
well as to draw air from the interior of the reflector, whereby a moderate circulation
of air within said reflector can take place, the air within said reflector being
prevented from suddenly attacking the flame. A are apertures in the sides of the
casing A, and substantially in line with the side apertures E3 of the reflector E, the
apertures A serving to draw air from the casing and from the reflector E through
the apertures E³, whereby a moderate circulation of air is produced. In order to
modify the draft of air through the apertures A', and at the same time to permit
the said apertures to serve as openings through which the flame can supply side-
lights, windows or doors 1 are provided which are pivoted at i on the casing A, and
extend across the openings A. The windows or doors I are located at a slight
distance from the side of the casing A, to permit the circulation of air between said
casing and said windows or doors, as shown in Fig. 3, a projection 2 on the windows
serving in conjunction with the hinges to hold said windows or doors at the desired
distance from the casing. The windows or doors I are shown in the form of
framings 12, provided with glass 13, which may be colored if desired, to serve as the
usual distinguishing side-lights of bicycle lamps. The windows or doors I may be
held in the closed position by any suitable means, and can be opened to permit a
match to be thrust through the apertures A, E³, in the casing, and the reflector
respectively, for the purpose of lighting the lamp without removing the front.
For convenience of manufacture, the windows or doors 1 are shown as held in the
closed position by the spring arms H, which for this purpose have a bend at h³,
forming a spring-acting bar h2, against which the edge of the corresponding window
or door I may press. By this means the spring arms H serve two purposes, one,
of holding the windows or doors closed, the other holding the ring F in position.
But of course, the windows or doors I can be otherwise suitably held upon the
casing.
When in use the air is supplied to the flame in this improved lamp substantially
as follows: It will enter the casing through the openings F2 in the ring F, (see
Figure 2) and pass back of the reflector E, some of the air entering the reflector
through the apertures therein, and when the lantern is being transported, the
apertures in the plate D serve to create a moderate draft through the lamp
casing, the reflector protecting the flame from sudden gusts. The side openings A
also serve to supply air to the casing while at the same time, as said openings A
are not wholly closed, the up-and-down movements that the lamp may be subjected
to, cause a circulation of air past the openings A+ between them and the windows I,
whereby a steady, moderate and equalized movement of the air within the casing is
produced because the air within the reflector is not suddenly drawn away from the
Hame, but a circulation around it is induced, as through the lower opening E', and
out through the side opening E³, as well as downward through the upper opening E²,
and out through the openings E³, according to whether the lamp sinks or rises
through the unevenness of travel. But this circulating action is moderated by the
capacity of the openings in the reflector, so that under all conditions a substantially
steady Hame will be sustained without danger of being extinguished by a scarcity
of air, or by a sudden gust of air reaching it. The windows I not only serve
to generate a circulation through the apertures A, but also to prevent air
from suddenly rushing into said apertures to interfere with the free burning of
the lamp.
J is a bail, suitably curved and pivotally attached to the lamp as by suitable
connection with the dome A2, by which means the lamp can be carried around
conveniently as a lantern. This bail may be made of spring wire so as to enable
it to be readily detached from the lamp, if desired, by merely spreading its ends to
release it from the dome A².
The fount B is shown as provided with an annular groove B³ having an
aperture leading back into the fount, whereby any oil that drips from the wick
or oozes from the upper portion of the lamp-fount will find its way back into the
fount. At the outer side of the fount is provided an aperture ³, in the inclined

page_text: surface of the fount leading back to the interior thereof for the same purpose of
catching and retaining any oil which reaches that point. These annular recesses
contribute to the cleanliness of the lamp under all ordinary conditions.
The portion of this invention relating to what is termed the "dancing wick"
may be described as follows:-K is a casing shown as attached to the upper part
of the fount B by screw-threads ', suitably arranged, said casing having a plate k²
at its upper end, provided with an aperture, aligned with an aperture in the fount B
beneath it. L is a tube serving as a wick-tube which may be of usual shape to
receive a wick, and M is a sufficiently long coiled or helical spring surrounding the
tube L, and located within the casing K. The spring M is attached by its
mid-length at 1, to the tube L, and bears at its upper and lower extremities
against the top and bottom of the enclosing casing K. When the lamp is
subjected to concussion the wick-tube L and its contents may dance within the
casing K by the yielding of the spring M. It follows that such yielding allows
the wick to dance, so that any shock imparted to the lamp will be reduced in
violence or not felt by the wick-tube and its contents. N is a tube shown
provided with perforations n, and enclosing wick O, which may be of asbestos or
other durable fibrous material adapted to perform the functions of a wick and to
maintain itself in position for long periods. This tube N is termed a cartridge.
The lower end of the cartridge or tube N should reach nearly to the bottom of
the interior of the fount B, so as to receive oil so long as any depth of oil remains
in the fount.
However much the roughness of the road may communicate shocks to the
lamp, the cartridge N and its contained wick will travel comparatively unaffected by
such shock, because of the yielding of the spring M, the steadiness with which the
wick-tube L and the enclosed cartridge N are carried allows the flame to be
maintained at a substantially uniform level and of the uniform size, not only
avoiding extinguishment, but any serious fluctuations in the size of the flame and
the quantity of light emitted as well.
The material serving as the wick may be adjusted to the desired height
within the cartridge or tube N by any suitable means, as by a pin inserted obliquely
through the upper open end of the cartridge and properly manipulated or inserted
through any of the holes n of the cartridge and so worked as to move the contents
upward relatively to the cartridge N. By using asbestos the wick in the cartridge
case will serve a long period without further attention. The tube or cartridge N
may be held in the tube L by frictional contact or by any other preferred means.
The cartridge case N is conveniently made by bending a sheet of previously
perforated metal to form a tube of the required size and shape, and the edges may
abut or be secured together as desired. The perforations n allow the oil to be
absorbed freely where it is immersed, and permit the vapor produced by the rapid
evaporation of oil at and near the top of the wick-tube to escape not only through
the extreme end but also laterally when the cartridge is set sufficiently high in the
wick-tube to expose any of the perforations above the latter.
It is important that the friction between the exterior of the wick-tube L and the
casing K in which it is enclosed, shall be sufficient to gently restrain the dancing
motion of the wick and prevent it from becoming excessive in any case, and it is.
also important that it shall be so little that the wick-tube and its contents may
dance, or more properly, may stand still while the lamp with its casing K makes
slightly vertical movements with the jolting motions to which the lamp may be
subjected.
The improved means for supporting the lamp upon a bicycle are as follows:-P is
a spring of suitable material shown bent in substantially W-form, its free end
having an outward spring-tendency, the said ends being bent at p, to take under
lips p³ on the lamp casing. By this means the outward spring-tendency of the
arms of the spring P serve to hold said arms in connection with the lamp. In
order to prevent the weight or swinging action of the lamp from causing
spontaneous detachment of the lamp from the supporting spring P, a brace Q is

page_text: shown, which extends from the lower arm P¹ of the spring P to the upper arm P²
thereof. This brace Q is preferably of spring metal, having a tendency to move
towards the lamp, and its upper part is so bent as to have a shoulder g, and is
provided with a knob q, which are adapted to pass into and through a suitably-
shaped aperture ³ in the arm P2 of the spring P. When in the normal position
the shoulder ? of the brace Q will rest under the arm P2 of the spring P, an l
thus hold said arms apart and in connection with the respective portions of the
lamp. When it is desired to remove the lamp from its supporting spring P, the
brace Q is moved backward passing through the aperture or slot p³ of the arm P²
of the spring P, thereby permitting said arm P to be depressed to release it from
the lamp.
The spring P is shown as supported by a clip R, which has two parallel arms »
that receive the spring P between them. The arms r of the clip R, are shown
extending from the main portion of the clip, which is bent in substantially oblong
form to produce a socket R2, into which a suitable support from a bicycle may
project. The connection between the arms of the clip R and the spring P, is
illustrated as made by rivets 2, 3, or the like, which pass through the arms of
the clip R, and enter the corresponding curved portions of the spring P, as clearly
shown in Fig. 2. By this means the rivets 3, 3, serve to hold the arms r of the
clip Rin position against the contained spring P, and also serve to hold said spring
in position while allowing free movement to the material of said spring. S is a
suitably arranged thumb screw shown carried by the clip R for connecting the
latter with a support on a bicycle, but if preferred the well-known rubber friction
tube heretofore in use, may be provided.
In order to prevent too much rocking of the lamp upon the spring P, the bail J
may be swung backward and under the spring P, and held in position against said
spring by means of a clip T carried by said spring, as shown. To thus adjust the
parts the spring P is first removed and the bail swung down to the desired position,
the spring being then passed through the bail and connected with the lamp, the
bail then being swung into its clip T. But of course the clip T may be otherwise
arranged to connect the bail with the spring P, if desired. On the under side of
the arm P¹ of the spring P a shoulder P₁ is shown, which may rest against the
lamp casing and serve as an abutment to assist in sustaining the lamp upon the
spring P.
In the form of lamp illustrated in Fig. 84 to 14, the casing A* is finely and
liberally perforated. The back is stiffly joined to the case A* and has a smaller
swelled portion A¹, open at the bottom. The springs P*, curved as shown, are
stiffly connected to the upper portion of the swell A¹ and also stiffly connected to
the ordinary flat socket R* having pinching-screw S* as stated.
The bottom spring P₁*, correspondingly curved, reaches upward by its free end
through the space in the bottom of the swell A¹, and allows the lamp to vibrate
vertically.
T✶ is a sheet of soft vulcanized rubber, mounted in a sufficiently rigid frame or
rim T, (Figures 10, 11 and 13) held obliquely in the swell A', and provided with
a horizontal slit t through which the free end of the spring Pi* is thrust.
The front edge of the concave reflector E* is flanged outward, as indicated
by E, having perforations e².
When the face is to be inserted, the reflector E* is thrust in from the front and
pressed backward until the rim of the flange E' meets an internal bead or offset E
at the junction of the perforated casing A* with the imperforate casing A³
Pins T2 (see Fig. 10) are inserted through suitable small holes in the front of the
flange E to hold it and the attached reflector reliably in position. These pins
may be permanently connected by springs, if desired.
The construction provides a practically continuous annular aperture around the
front of the reflector, through which aperture the air which supports the flame
is received. The checking of the approach of the air by the perforated case A* is
one factor in the moderating of the flow of the air to the flame, the passage of the

page_text: air through the perforated flange E°, which constitutes practically a narrow
aperture between the front of the concave reflector and the interior of the case-
ring A³, is a second factor, and the provision that the air, so flowing forward, must
reverse its direction after striking the front glass and flow rearward to reach the
flame, is a third factor of the problem. The arrangement reduces the violence of
the flow of air when liable to become excessive, yet provides a liberal supply of air
moving gently to the flame under all conditions.
The ring U is spun, or otherwise formed, of sheet brass or other suitable
material, having a broad flange extending cylindrically rearward from the front
edge. In this flange are formed two windows U2, which come on the right and
left side respectively when this ring is turned in the proper position. The case-
ring A³ is formed with two corresponding apertures, and when adjusted for use the
windows U2 coincide with these apertures.
The rear end of the conical ring F (see Fig. 10) is set sufficiently forward from
the end of the reflector to allow light from the flame to pass outward and illumine.
the side-lights U².
In this ring U is produced a small hole U³, Fig. 84 which, when the lamp is in
use, is presented against an imperforate portion of the case-ring A3, and is then of
no effect.
When it is desired to light the lamp, the face is turned a portion of a
revolution, carrying the side-lights or colored windows U2 out of coincidence with
the holes in ring A³, A³, and rendering them for the time being of no effect, but
when the face is turned to a sufficient extent, it brings each aperture U2 into coin-
cidence with one of the window apertures in A³, and in this condition of the parts
a match, previously lighted, may be thrust in through said coinciding holes, and
thus reach the wick-tube. The parts are again restored to the position to work by
turning the face back again to its normal position.
A spring-catch V is provided at the top, or at other convenient point on the
case-ring A3, which catch carries a pin V', which, when allowed, springs inward
through two small holes V³, one in the flange U and the other in the case ring A³.
This spring-pin V1, thus engaged, insures the retention of the face, and also insures
that it is set in the correct position to show the side-lights.
The lamp-fount B* is formed with a screw-threaded top B4, Fig. 10 which
engages a corresponding screw-threaded portion B of the case A*. The wick-
tube L* (see Fig. 9*) is soldered or otherwise set, in this top, extending upward to
a sufficient extent.
L2 is a deflector, formed as shown, set on the wick-tube L* near its upper end,
and soldered, or otherwise joined, and presenting in its upper side an annular
pocket, which under frequently recurring conditions in ordinary practice, retains a
little oil. The oil overflowing from the wick, and thus caught, becomes afterward
volatile with the heat, and contributes to the efficiency of the small flame. This
deflector in the lamp performs a double function; first, and mainly, by modifying
the currents of air flowing upward through the aperture E¹ and preventing any
from moving forcibly against the base of the flame in an upward direction, and
second, by bolding any surplus oil which exudes from the wick and retaining it in
the hot cup, to be subsequently transformed into combustible vapor. The deflector
adds both to the permanence with which the flame will be held under adverse
conditions of violent or irregular winds and sudden concussions, and also adds
somewhat to the amount of flame produced with a given elevation of the wick.
The wick is operated by a rod W, (Fig. 14) which extends up through a.
frictional lining X of leather, or the like, enclosed in a tube W' which traverses
the fount B*. It is provided with a button W2 at its lower end, which is easily
accessible to raise or lower it by a direct pull or thrust to any required large or
small extent. An arm W (Fig. 14) extends horizontally from the top of this rod
and applies in a slit in the side of the wick-tube L*, thus engaging the wick,.
so that as the rod W is raised or lowered the wick will be correspondingly
actuated.

page_text: Es (Fig. 10) is a skirt extending down from the under side of the reflector E*
around the aperture E'. The space between the lower edge of such skirt and the
top of the fount is slight. The skirt shields such aperture from any force of wind.
5 is a pin playing horizontally in and out through a small hole in the front of
the tube L*, (Fig. 10) and connected by a spring-arm 6, which latter is soldered,
or otherwise stiffly attached, to the tube L*. This pin must be held out of the
tube by some suitable means when the wick is raised or lowered by the action of
the rod W, so as to induce a just sufficient small flame. When the wick is correctly
adjusted, the spring 6 is liberated and the spring-pin 5 is thrust inward by the
force thereof nearly or quite across the interior of the upper part of the wick-tube,
and aids to hold the wick reliably against working upward or downward.
Modifications may be made without departing from the principle or sacrificing
the advantages of the invention. The flat curved arm P* can be made rigid instead
of elastic, and the play of its free end up and down through the rubber will produce
very nearly the same effect. Two or more, such arms or springs can be use !
providing a corresponding space equipped with corresponding sheets of rubber, each
slit horizontally to receive its proper arm and to hold it gently. The means for
holding the rubber can be varied.
Parts of the invention can be used without the whole. The spring pin 5 can be
omitted.
Although this has been described as a bicycle lamp, it may be useful for various
other purposes.
It will be understood that the part marked E, which has been described as a
reflector, is at the same time a shield.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:-
1. In a lamp the combination of a casing having a side opening and a shield for
said opening, with a reflector or shield within said casing having a side opening to
serve with said opening in the lamp casing, and means to permit air to enter said
casing and to surround said reflector or shield, substantially as set forth.
2. In a lamp the combination of a casing having a side opening and a shield
therefor held at a distance from the outer wall of said casing, but in line with said
opening, to permit air to circulate between said casing and said shield, with a
reflector or shield within said casing having a side opening to correspond with the
opening in the casing, means to permit air to enter said casing and surround said
reflector or shield, and perforations in the back of said casing for the passage of air,
substantially as set forth.
3. In a lamp the combination of a casing having a side opening and a shield
therefor, with a reflector or shield within said casing having a side opening to
correspond with said opening in the casing, a transparent protector located at or
near the forward portion of said reflector, means to permit the air to enter said
casing forward of said protector and to pass within said casing around said reflector;
said casing having apertures at the back for the passage of air, substantially as
set forth.
4. In a lamp the combination of a casing having apertures for the passage of air,
with a reflector or shield having an aperture for the entrance of a wick or flame,
and an outlet for the products of combustion, means to permit air to enter said
casing around the forward portion of said reflector, a transparent protector for said
reflector, and apertures leading into said casing forward of said protector to permit
air to enter the casing and pass back of and around said reflector, substantially as
set forth.
5. The combination of a casing having apertures for the passage of air, with a
reflector provided with suitable apertures to permit a flame to burn, a transparent
protector located at or near the forward portion of said reflector, a ring at the

page_text: forward portion of the lamp and having apertures forward of said protector, said
apertures leading into the casing to permit air to pass therein and to surround said
reflector, substantially as set forth.
6. In a lamp the combination of a casing having suitable air outlets, with a
reflector within said casing having apertures E¹, E', means to permit air to enter
said casing at the forward portion of said reflector, a ring located at the forward
portion of the casing, and adapted to direct air back of said reflector, and a
transparent protector between said apertures and said reflector, substantially as
set forth.
7. In a lamp the combination of a casing having air outlets and an aperture A*
at one side thereof, and a shield carried by said casing in line with the aperture A*
and arranged to form a space between the casing and said shield, with a reflector
having apertures E', E2, and an aperture at one side to correspond to the aperture A+
in the side of the casing, means to permit air to pass into the casing from the
forward portion of said reflector so as to surround the latter, a ring F adapted to
be connected with the forward portion of said casing and to lead to said reflector,
a transparent protector carried by said ring, said ring having apertures forward of
said protector, the arrangement being such that air can enter said casing through
the apertures in the ring and pass back of and surround the contained reflector,
substantially as set forth.
8. In a lamp the combination of a casing having apertures for the exit of air,
a side aperture A', a window or door hinged to said casing so as to extend across
the opening A, and means to hold said window or door at a distance from said
casing to permit the circulation of air between said door and casing, with a reflector
having apertures E', E2, and a side aperture E³ to correspond with the aperture A*
in the casing, a transparent protector at or near the forward portion of said reflector,
and a ring having apertures, the latter being located in front of said protector, the
parts being arranged so as to permit air to enter said apertures and to pass into
said casing around said reflector, substantially as set forth.
9. In a lamp the combination of a casing having air-outlet apertures, a' side
aperture A and a shield for said aperture, arrange to permit air to circulate
across said aperture, with a reflector having lugs at its forward edge to provide
spaces between said reflector and said casing for the passage of air, said reflector
having an aperture E³ to correspond with the aperture A in the casing, a ring F
having apertures leading into said casing, and a protector located between the
apertures in said ring and the main portion of the reflector, substantially as set
forth.
10. In a lamp the combination of a casing having air-outlet apertures, a side
opening A and a shield for said opening, arranged substantially as set forth, with
a reflector carried within said casing, and adapted to permit air to pass around it
into the said casing, a ring F located at the flaring mouth of said casing and having
a curled edge f. adapted to receive the flaring mouth of said casing, and a trans-
parent protector, said ring having apertures located forward of said protector to
permit air to pass into the casing back of the reflector, and a spring arm H having
a curved end to take under the curl of said ring, said spring arm being carried by
the casing, substantially as set forth.
11. In a lamp a casing having air-outlets and a side opening A+, a transparent
window carried by the casing at a distance from said opening, so as to permit the
circulation of air past said opening, with a reflector having an opening corre-
sponding to the opening A in the casing, and means to permit air to enter said
casing in advance of said reflector so as to pass around the latter, substantially as
herein specified.
12. In a lamp the combination of a casing having air-outlet openings, and a side
opening A, a window I consisting of a framing 12 hinged to the casing and carrying
the transparent protector I³, said frame having a projection 22, which with the hinge
serves to hold the window at a distance from the side of the casing, with a reflector
B

page_text: within said casing having a side opening E³ to correspond with the opening A* in
the casing, and also having openings E, E2, with means to permit air to enter said
casing in advance of said reflector so as to pass around the same within the casing,
substantially as set forth.
13. The combination of a casing having a flaring mouth A3 and a side opening A,
with a window or shield in front of said opening, adapted to permit circulation of
air past said opening, a reflector within said casing having openings E¹, E, and a
side opening E³, to correspond with the opening A' in the casing, a ring F having
a curled end to engage the edge of the flaring mouth of the casing, a transparent
protector carried by said ring and located at or near the forward end of the
reflector, said ring having apertures forward of said protector, a spring arm H
carried by the casing and having a curved end to take under the curl of the ring F,
and a bar to hold the free edge of said window substantially as set forth.
14. The combination of a casing having perforations at its top, a flaring mouth A³
at one side, said casing having perforations on the side directly opposite said flaring
mouth, said casing also having openings A on opposite sides, shields or windows
over said openings held at a distance from said casing to permit a circulation of air
past said opening between said windows or shields and said casing, with a 'reflector
carried within said casing and having openings E', E at the bottom and top
thereof, side openings E3 adapted to substantially align with the openings A* in the
casing, said reflector having means at its forward portion to permit air to pass
between it and the casing, a cone-like ring F, adapted to lap the forward edges of
said reflector, said ring having apertures forward of the transparent protector
adapted to permit air to pass into the casing and between it and the reflector, and
means for removably holding the ring upon the casing.
15. In a lamp the combination of a tube or socket adapted to contain a wick,
with means for resiliently supporting said tube, substantially as set forth.
16. In a lamp the combination of a perforated tube adapted to enclose a wick,
and a surrounding tube therefor, with a spring adapted to support said tubes and
resist up-and-down movement thereof, substantially as set forth.
17. In a lamp the combination of a casing K having openings at opposite ends,
with a tube adapted to slide in said openings and arranged to carry a wick and a
spring supported by said tube and located in said casing, adapted to resiliently
support said wick tube, substantially as set forth.
18. In a lamp the combination of a tube adapted to support a wick with a
helical spring surrounding said tube and connected therewith at about its mid-
length, whereby said wick-tube will be resiliently supported and up-and-down
movements thereof resisted, substantially as set forth.
19. In a lamp support the combination of a spring having two outwardly
projecting arms adapted to engage a lamp, with a clip adapted to hold said spring,
and means for supporting said clip, substantially as set forth.
20. The combination of a spring having two outwardly extending arms adapted
to be attached to a lamp, the central portion of said spring being doubled upon
itself in substantial W-form, with a clip having two parallel arms to enclose said
doubled portion of said spring, substantially as set forth.
21. The combination of a spring having two outwardly extending arms adapted
to be attached to a lamp, the central portion of said spring being doubled upon
itself in substantially W-form, with a clip having two parallel arms, said clip
forming a socket to receive a support, and rivets, bolts or the like connecting said
arms of said clip, and passing respectively through the looped portions of said
spring, substantially as set forth.
22. The combination of a spring having two outwardly extending arms with a
brace extending between said arms, and adapted to hold them from movement
towards each other, substantially as set forth.
23. The combination of a spring having two outwardly extending arms, one of
said arms having an opening or slot with a brace secured to the opposite arm, and

page_text: having a shoulder adapted to rest against the arm having the slot, said brace.
being adapted to pass into said slot, to release the spring arm from the shoulder
and brace, substantially as set forth.
24. A spring having two outwardly extending arms, the outer ends of said arms.
being bent side-wise, and a shoulder or abutment carried by one of said arms,.
substantially as set forth.
25. In a lamp the combination of a casing and a bail carried thereby, with a
spring support adapted to be attached to said casing, and arranged to connect with
said bail to steady the lamp upon said spring, substantially as herein specified.
26. In a lamp the combination of a casing and a bail carried thereby, with a
spring adapted to be attached to said lamp to support the latter, said spring being
adapted to be connected with said bail, to steady the lamp, and a clip to retain the
bail in proper connection with the spring, substantially as set forth.
27. In a lamp, a case carrying a fount, wick-tube and reflector, the yielding
frictional check, and the top spring P connecting said case with the socket R and
a bottom spring, the latter playing through the said frictional spring.
28. In a lamp, the perforated case, imperforate case-ring, wick-tube and concave
reflector, the latter provided with a flange having large perforations adapted to
hold the reflector concentrically within the case-ring while allowing an easy flow of
the air, in combination with the internal bead in said case-ring, and with securing
means for holding and releasing the parts.
29. In a lamp, the perforated case, the imperforate case-ring and concare
reflector, the latter presenting a narrow space between its front and the interior of
said case-ring, and the cap extending downward from the top of said case nearly
but not quite to said reflector, and shaped at its lower edge to correspond so as to
fit near the reflector but not to conduct heat thereto.
30. In a lamp the perforated case, imperforate case-ring with its window
apertures, concave reflector presenting a substantially annular passage for the flow
of air forward between the body of said reflector and the interior of said case-ring,.
the fount and wick-tube in combination with a face composed of the glass and
conical ring, a cylindrical flange provided with the colored side windows arranged
to allow light to shine forward through the glass and also obliquely through said.
side window apertures and said colored side windows.
31. In a lamp the perforated case, imperforate case-ring with its window
apertures, concave reflector presenting a substantially annular passage for the flow
of air forward between the body of said reflector and the interior of said case-ring..
the fount and wick-tube, in combination with a face composed of the glass and
conical ring, a cylindrical flange provided with the colored side windows and also
with a lighting aperture U³, and confining means adapted to allow the face to be
partially revolved to bring the aperture U³ into and out of coincidence with one-
of the apertures in the ring A3 and also to allow the face to be attached and
detached.
32. In a bicycle lamp the perforated case, imperforate case-ring, wick-tube and
concave reflector E, the latter presenting a narrow space between its front and the
interior of the said case-ring, and having a liberal opening for the insertion and
removal of the wick-tube and its adjuncts, in combination with each other and with.
the skirt Es around said aperture, and the deflector L³ on said wick-tube.
Dated this 4th day of June 1895.
ALLISON BROS.,
Agents for the Applicants..