Improvements in the Method of Filtering and Refining Sugar.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 28th May, 1887
Complete Left, 28th Feb., 1888
Complete Accepted, 29th Mar., 1883
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of Filtering and Refining Sugar.
I, FERDINAND BOSSHARDT of the firm of F. Bosshardt & Co. of 4 Corporation
Street Manchester in the County of Lancaster, Mechanical & Consulting Engineer
& Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention which has been
communicated to me from abroad by Gustave Bocquet, of Ham in the Republic of
France, Manufacturer, to be as follows:-
The refineries of sugar cane & beet root, employ in the clarification of syrups,
before filtering on granulated charcoal, a certain dose of impalpable charcoal,
varying from to 3% in weight, of the sugar contained in the fluid syrup.
The black is often mixed with the syrup while melting, the syrup being afterwards
caused to flow back into the clarifying boiler.
When it attains about 60° Centigrade, ox-blood is added, this latter coagulates
through the heat and forms a thick scum, containing the main part of impalpablo
charcoal previously employed, whereas the rest forms a sediment on the bottom of
the boiler.
In certain refineries the whole of the mass, scum and syrups is brought into a
press filter.
In others, the scums are removed by hand, and afterwards mixed with a certain
quantity of water, and pressed in the ordinary filter presses.
In others again, "Taylors" pocket filters are employed.
Whatever may be the mode of separating the scums from the syrups which are
mixed in it, the purpose is generally attained, but the residue called "black
molasses" is always sold for agriculture, or to the makers of phosphates manure.
Formerly, this residue, being sold very dear, nearly paid for the use of impalpable
charcoal, but now the discoveries of layers of mineral phosphates becoming daily
more numerous, the prices of these residues have sunk to such a point that the use of
impalpable charcoal becomes a heavy expense, as it is no longer compensated by the
selling price of the residues.
To prevent this loss I have invented a method for preserving all the discolouring
properties so that the granulated charcoal can be used repeatedly.

page_text: Contrary to the present method of clearing the granulated charcoal, viz. freeing
it from the organic matters which stop up the pores of the same, an object which has
been acheived by subjecting it to various treatments before the calcination, I calcine
the same directly after leaving the filter presses in a special oven to which the air
has no access, at a dark red heat.
The coagulated blood and the impurities of the sugar, which are in the scum, are
transformed into carbon, the ammoniacal vapours produced during the calcination can
be collected for the purpose of producing ammonia.
After cooling I mix these charcoals in a trough with a considerable quantity of
water acidulated with a small dose of muriatic acid.
This mixture is conducted into a filter press to form the cakes of granulated
charcoal, wherein they are washed and freed from chlorides, by means of water or
steam.
The granulates charcoal may be used again for clarification after leaving the filter
press, in place of impalpable charcoal.
If desirous to sell them it suffices to dry and sift them.
The effect of this charcoal is absolutely similar to that of the new charcoal, I may
even say that it is superior, as all the clarifications made with the same quantity of
the one or the other of these two charcoals, are always more discoloured than when
they have been made with the charcoal, regenerated by my process.
Moreover I may state, that analyses have proved that the syrups treated with this
charcoal, are purer; it is also noted that the calcination of the blood refurnishes
more of the discolouring charcoal than it has lost, in operations previous: to the
calcination.
F. BOSSHARDT & Co.,
Agents to Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of Filtering and Refining Sugar.
1, FERDINAND BOSSHARDT of the firm of F. Bosshardt & Co. of 4 Corporation
Street, Manchester in the County of Lancashire, Mechanical and Consulting Engineer
and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention which has been
communicated to me from abroad by Gustav Bocquet of Ham in the Republic of
France Manufacturer, and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The refineries of sugar cane and beet root, employ in the clarification of syrups,
before filtering on the granulated charcoal a certain dose of impalpable charcoal,
varying from to 3% in weight, of the sugar contained in the fluid syrup.
The charcoal is often mixed with the syrup while melting, the syrup being afterwards
caused to flow back into the clarifying boiler.
When it attains about 60° Centigrade, ox-blood is added; this latter coagulates
through the heat, and forms a thick scum, containing the main part of impalpable
charcoal previously employed, whereas the rest forms a sediment on the bottom of
the boiler.
In certain refineries the whole of the mass, scum, and syrups, is brought into a press
filter.
In others the scums are removed by hand and afterwards mixed with a certain
quantity of water, and pressed in the ordinary filter-presses.
In others again, Taylor's pocket filters are employed.
Whatever may be the mode of separating the scums from the syrups which are
mixed in it, the purpose is generally attained, but the residue called "black molasses"
is always sold for agriculture, or to the makers of phosphates manure.
Formerly, this residue, being sold very dear, nearly paid for the use of impalpable
charcoal, but now the discoveries of layers of mineral phosphates becoming daily
more numerous, the prices of these residues have sunk to such a point that the use
of impalpable charcoal becomes a heavy expense, as it is no longer compensated by the
selling price of the residues.
To prevent this loss I have invented a method for preserving all the discolouring
properties, so that the granulated charcoal can be used repeatedly.
Contrary to the present method of clearing the granulated charcoal, viz., freeing
it from the organic matters which stop up the pores of the same, an object which has
been achieved by subjecting it to various treatments before the calcination, I calcine
the same directly after leaving the filter presses in a special oven to which the air has
no access, at a dark red heat.
The coagulated blood and the impurities of the sugar, which are in the scum, are
transformed into carbon, the ammoniacal vapours produced during the calcination can
be collected for the purpose of producing ammonia.

page_text: After cooling I mix these charcoals in a trough with a considerable quantity of
water acidulated with a small dose of muriatic acid.
This mixture is conducted into a filter press to form the cakes of granulated
charcoal, wherein they are washed and freed from chlorides, by means of water or
steam.
The granulated charcoal may be used again for clarification after leaving the filter
press, in place of impalpable charcoal.
If desirous to sell them, it sufficies to dry and sift them.
The effect of this charcoal is absolutely similar to that of the new charcoal, I may
even say that it is superior, as all the clarifications made with the same quantity of
the one or the other of these two charcoals, are always more discoloured than when
they have been made with the charcoal, regenerated by my process.
Moreover, I may state that analyses have proved that the syrups treated with this
charcoal, are purer; it is also noted that the calcination of the blood re-furnishes
more of the discolouring charcoal than it has lost in operations previous to the
calcination.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
In the process of filtering and refining sugar the method of re-using the charcoal,
substantially as and for the purpose specified.