Bleaching, Dyeing, or otherwise Operating upon Yarns or Threads.
Year: 1885

page_text: Bleaching, Dyeing, or otherwise Operating upon Yarns or
Threads.
I JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN, of 169 Fleet Street, in the City of London, Fellow
of the Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the nature of my invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN PURIFYING,
BLEACHING, DYEING OR OTHERWISE OPERATING UPON YARNS OR THREADS" to be
as follows:-
The object of this invention is to allow of yarns or threads being submitted to
processes of purifying, bleaching, dyeing and other treatments by liquids or gases
when in cops or bobbins.
The invention consists first in the employment for forming the cops or bobbins
of tubes having numerous holes whereby any liquid or gas used for treating the
yarn is enabled to thoroughly permeate the whole mass or body of the yarn even
that which is applied against the sides of the tube. The tubes should of course be
of a material which is not attacked by the liquids or gases employed. Hardened
rubber is a suitable material for the purpose but other materials such as celluloid
or metal can be used; in the case of metal it may be in the form of wire gauze.
The tubes may be cylindrical or conical and instead of being perforated they may
be fluted. They can be used either in dyeing, scouring, sulphuring, bleaching,
chemical or other operations in which it is important that the liquid or gas
employed in the treatment shall thoroughly permeate all parts of the yarn.
The invention consists secondly in special constructions of apparatus for dyeing
or otherwise operating upon yarns or threads in cops or bobbins formed on the
perforated or fluted tubes above described. In the manufacture of woven or
knitted fabrics there is a serious drawback due to the absence of a good method of
scouring, boiling, bleaching and dyeing the yarns in cops bobbins or spindles. The
practice is to first form the yarns into skeins. This operation, besides the expense
of hand labor, which it involves, is the cause of the yarns being often more or less
bruised or injured in the scouring, bleaching or dyeing processes and this produces
a greater or less amount of felting and consequently a lowering of quality and a
waste. Now by this invention the yarns can be purified, bleached or dyed in
D

page_text: the bobbin cop or spindle with the same perfection as if in the skein and the
objections above referred to are overcome. An important feature of this part of
the invention is that the bobbins or cops, each of which is formed on a perforated
or gauze tube as hereinbefore described, are placed on hollow, perforated or grooved
spindles in the operating trough or vessel, each of these spindles constituting an
independent dyeing or operating device, the bobbins or cops in the same trough or
vessel having no direct contact with each other.
According to one modification of the apparatus one or more horizontal plates are
fitted in a trough or vessel their connection with the sides of the trough being
hermetic. These plates are for supporting the bobbins or cops to be operated on
and for this purpose are provided with perforated conical or cylindrical spindles on
which the perforated or gauze tubes of the bobbins or cops fit. A pipe leads from
the bobbin of the trough and through the bottom of an outer vessel to a pump or a
steam or compressed air injector which draws the liquid from the trough and
discharges it through another pipe into the upper part of the outer vessel. The
trough or inner vessel is formed with holes at the sides; the liquid passes into the
trough by these holes as well as over the upper edge. It will be readily under-
stood that as the pump or injector draws the liquid from the bottom of the trough
and discharges it into the upper part of the outer vessel this liquid must pass
through the yarn of the bobbin or cop from outside to inside without the slightest
part being unacted upon. The action of the pump may be made the reverse in
which case the liquid will pass through the bobbins or cops from inside to outside.
In order to prevent foreign matters collecting on the bobbins, a straining or
filtering material may be placed above the top of the trough and also over the
holes in the sides.
In another modification of the apparatus a horizontal plate, fixed across the
lower part of a trough, supports shouldered spindles; on these spindles are placed
the bobbins or cops with the smaller end downwards. When the bobbins or cops
are in place they are covered with a second plate. The first plate is formed with
holes. The second plate is formed with holes corresponding with the inside of the
tubes of the bobbins or cops. A pump or injector with suction and discharge pipes
is fitted to the trough to draw the liquid from the bottom and discharge it at the
top. This liquid in circulating is obliged to pass through the yarn on the bobbin
or cop from inside to outside.
In another modification the trough contains two or more hollow plates arranged
one above another with connecting pipes between them. On each hollow plate are
fixed perforated spindles upon which the perforated or gauze tubes of the bobbins
or cops fit.
A pump or injector draws off the liquid from the inside of the hollow
plates and discharges it into the upper part of the trough. This liquid in circu-
lating passes through the yarn of the bobbins or cops from outside to inside.
In another modification, a serpentine or coil or set of pipes is placed within a
trough; these pipes have holes to which are connected perforated spindles upon
which the perforated tubes of the bobbins or cops fit. A pump or injector draws
off the liquid from the pipes and delivers it into the trough; the liquid thus.
circulates through the yarn of the bobbins or cops from outside to inside,―or
the circulation will be from inside to outside if the action of the pump or injector
be the reverse.
The tops of the perforated bobbin or cop tubes should be plugged to make the
circulation more efficient; or with the same object the bobbin or cop tubes may
make a joint with the hollow spindles on which they fit.

page_text: Improvements in the Means or Apparatus Employed in Purifying,
Bleaching, Dyeing, or otherwise Operating upon Yarns or
Threads.
I JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN, of 169 Fleet Street in the City of London, Fellow
of the Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the nature of this invention
(a communication from abroad by the Firm of Georges Lombard et Compagnie
of Tourcoing, France, Manufacturers,) and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The object of this invention is to allow of yarns or threads being submitted to
processes of purifying, bleaching, dyeing and other treatments by liquids or gases
when in cops or bobbins.
The invention consists first in the employment for forming the cops or bobbins
of tubes having numerous holes whereby any liquid or gas used for treating the
yarn is enabled to thoroughly permeate the whole mass or body of the yarn
even that which is applied against the sides of the tube. The tubes should of
course be of a material which is not attacked by the liquids or gases employed.
Hardened rubber is a suitable material for the purpose but other materials such as
celluloid or metal can be used; in the case of metal, it may be in the form of wire
gauze. The tubes may be cylindrical or conical and instead of being perforated
they may be fluted. They can be used either in dyeing, scouring, sulphuring,
bleaching, chemical or other operations in which it is important that the liquid or
gas employed in the treatment shall thoroughly permeate all parts of the yarn.
The invention consists secondly in special constructions of apparatus for dyeing
or otherwise operating upon yarns or threads in cops or bobbins formed on the
perforated or fluted tubes above described. In the manufacture of woven or
knitted fabrics there is a serious drawback due to the absence of a good method of
Scouring, boiling, bleaching and dyeing the yarns in cops, bobbins or spindles.
The practice is to first form the yarns into skeins. This operation, besides the
expense of hand labor, which it involves is the cause of the yarns being often more
or less bruised or injured in the scouring, bleaching or dyeing processes and this
produces a greater or less amount of felting and consequently a lowering of quality
and a waste. Now by this invention the yarns can be purified, bleached or dyed
in the bobbin cop or spindle with the same perfection as if in the skein and the
objections above referred to are overcome. An important feature of this part of
the invention is that the bobbins or cops, each of which is formed on a perforated.
or gauze tube, as herein before described, are placed on hollow, perforated or grooved
spindles in the operating trough or vessel, each of these spindles constituting an
independent dyeing or operating device, the bobbins or cops in the same trough or.
vessel having no direct contact with each other.

page_text: The annexed drawings show several forms of apparatus constructed in accordance
with this part of the invention. In the modification represented in Figure 1, hori-
zontal plates p, p, of which there may be one, two or more, are fitted in a trough
or vessel A their connection with the sides of the trough being hermetic. These
plates are for supporting the bobbins or cops to be operated on and for this purpose
are provided with perforated conical or cylindrical spindles g, g on which the
perforated or gauze tubes of the bobbins or cops fit; one of these is shown at h and
another (of a different form) at i. A pipe E leads from the bottom of the trough A
and through the bottom of an outer vessel C to a pump P or a steam or compressed
air injector which draws the liquid from the trough A through the pipe T and
discharges it through another pipe T into the upper part of the outer vessel C.
The trough or inner vessel A is formed with holes t, t at the sides; the liquid
passes into the trough by these holes as well as over the upper edge. It will be
readily understood that as the pump or injector P draws the liquid from the
bottom of the trough A and discharges it into the upper part of the outer vessel E
this liquid must pass through the yarn of the bobbins or cops from outside to
inside without the slightest part of the yarn being unacted upon. The action of
the pump may be made the reverse in which case the liquid will pass through
the bobbins or cops from inside to outside. In order to prevent foreign matters
collecting on the bobbins a straining or filtering material may be placed above the
top of the trough A and also over the holes t, t in the sides.
In the modification of the apparatus, represented in Figure 2, a horizontal
plate B, fixed across the lower part of a trough C, supports shouldered spindles g;
on these spindles are placed the bobbins or cops h with the smaller end downwards.
When the bobbins or cops are in place they are covered with a second plate D.
The plate B is formed with holes t, t. The plate D is formed with holes 8, 8 corre-
sponding with the inside of the tubes of the bobbins or cops. A pump or injector P
with suction and discharge pipes T and T¹ is fitted to the trough C to draw the
liquid from the bottom and discharge it at the top. This liquid in circulating is
obliged to pass through the yarn on the bobbins or cops from inside to outside.
In the modification represented in Figure 3 the trough C contains two hollow
plates A, B arranged one above another with a connecting pipe D between them.
On each hollow plate are fixed perforated spindles g, g upon which the perforated
or gauze tubes of the bobbins or cops h or i fit. A pump or injector P draws off
the liquid from the inside of the hollow plates by the outlet F and pipe T and
discharges it through the pipe T¹ into the upper part of the trough. This liquid in
circulating passes through the yarn of the bobbins or cops from outside to inside.
The number of hollow plates for holding the bobbins or cops can be varied as
desired;
for example a third hollow plate may be placed on the connecting pipe E;
b is a plug for closing the top of the pipe E so as to prevent the liquid entering
this pipe and passing through the bobbins in the wrong direction.
In the modification represented in Figures 4 and 5, a serpentine or coil or set of
pipes T is placed within a trough C; these pipes have holes to which are connected
perforated spindles g, g upon which the perforated tubes of the bobbins or cops h
or i fit. A pump P or injector draws off the liquid from the pipes and delivers it
through the pipe T¹ into the trough; the liquid thus circulates through the yarn of
the bobbins or cops from outside to inside; or the circulation will be from inside to
outside if the action of the pump or injector be the reverse.
Figures 6, 7 and 8 serve to illustrate the perforated bobbin or cop tubes and
perforated spindles. The tops of the perforated bobbin or cop tubes should be
plugged, as shown at m, to make the circulation more efficient, or with the same,
object the bobbin of cop tubes may make a joint with the hollow spindles on
which they fit.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to

page_text: me, I declare that what I claim, in respect of means or apparatus employed in
purifying, bleaching, dyeing or otherwise operating upon yarns or threads, is :-
1. Constructing apparatus substantially as herein before described in such manner
that each of a number of cops or bobbins shall have an independent circulation of
the operating liquid or gas through it from outside to inside or vice versa, such
circulation being maintained by means of a pump or analogous apparatus.
2. The several arrangements of apparatus constructed and operating substantially
as herein before described and represented respectively in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4
and 5.
3. The hollow perforated or fluted bobbin or cop tubes herein before described for
the purpose explained.