Improvements in the Manufacture of Soot or Lamp-black from Tar and other Carbonaceous Substances.
Year: 1899

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Soot or Lamp-black from Tar
and other Carbonaceous Substances.
I, GOTTFRIED WEGELIN, of Am Bahnhof, Kalscheuren, Rheinland, Germany,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
The processes heretofore employed for the production of soot or lamp black
from tar have either been effected by the direct combustion of the latter or suit-
able commercial products of tar distillation, such as naphthalin, have been burnt
to soot.
In the first case, on account of the very large quantity of coke produced in
the combustion the yield in soot or lamp black is always comparatively small, in
particular as the combustion is generally effected comparatively slowly, and con-
sequently no practically useful manufacture could be carried out. In the second
case, on the other hand, the same negative results were obtained on account of
the high prices of the materials employed for the manufacture, such as the expen-
sive tar distillates, like naphthalin and the like, in addition to which also the
waste heat given off during the manufacture was mostly lost.
Both the above disadvantages can be obviated in two different ways. Namely,
on the one hand by utilising the waste heat produced in the production of soot
from tar distillates for heating the apparatus in which the distillation of the tur
is effected, so that the fuel now employed for the latter purpose is saved. On the
other hand, a rational production of soot can also be obtained by not first effecting
the condensation of the products of distillation of coal tar as heretofore, and then
burning the distillates for the production of soot, but, instead thereof, at once
effecting the combustion of the distillates immediately after their production in
the distilling apparatus, the heat produced in such combination being again
utilised for heating the distilling apparatus.
Tu Figs. 1 to 3 of the accompanying drawings are shewn vertical sections of
various arrangements for carrying out the above described methods of operating
for. the manufacture of soot or lamp black with simultaneous utilisation of the
heat of the waste gases. The receptacle A Figs. 1 and 2 containing the tar distil-
late is so arranged below or in front of the distilling apparatus D of any suitable
construction (such as vertical as at Fig. 1 or horizontal as at Fig. 2) that the
flames issuing from the former are caused to pass as uniformly as possible in
contact with the latter, before issuing into the rear chamber K of the soot burning
furnace, where they are deposited as soot or lamp black, while the hydrocarbon
vapours which are given off from the still D are caught up and condensed in the
known manner.
In order to render the working of the soot or lamp black production and the tar
distillation completely automatic, it would only be necessary to cause the vapours
riven off from the still D to flow after condensation either wholly or partly into

page_text: the receptacle A as combustible; the working could then be effected with a super-
vision of a very simple character.
But in place of first condensing the said vapours and then burning the same
for the production of lamp black, with utilisation of the waste heat for effecting
the distillation, the process can be rendered still more simple and economical by
the employment of the apparatus shewn in vertical section at Fig. 3, wherein the
tar or other carbonaceous material is made to flow from a tank through a con-
duit on to a heated inclined surface, such as an inclined externally heated cylin-
drical vessel b. As the material flows down this vessel, the vapours given off there-
from escape either at the open lower end, or at one or more other points thereof,
and in mixing with air entering through openings f they are at once burnt to
soot or lamp black, which is deposited in the chamber K. The waste heat prof
duced by this combustion is at once utilised for heating the vessel b, so that
with exception of the necessary extraneous heating of the receptacle b on starting,
no additional consumption of fuel at all is required for the process.
The by-products remaining in the receptacle b, such as pitch, non vaporised oils
&c., are made to flow off through a pipe e into a tank c.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Process for the manufacture of tout or lamp black from tar distillates or from
tar or other carbonaceous materials, wherein the waste heat given off in burning
the tar distillates, as directly utilised for heating the tar distilling apparatus, such
as D, whereby on the one hand the cost of fuel for the distilling apparatus is
saved, and on the other hand the combined working of the tar distillation and
soot or lamp black production processes is effected automatically by causing the
distillation products to flow either entirely or partially into the receptacle A for
their combustion to form soot or lampblack, substantially as described with refer-
ence to Fig. 1 and 2 of the drawings.
2. Process for the manufacture of soot or lampblack from tar or other car-
bonaceous materials wherein the tar or other material is made to flow over an
inclined externally heated surface, such as a tube b, so as to become distilled
and, while on the one hand the hydrocarbon vapours liberated are directly brought,
while still in their gaseous condition in contact with an air supply whereby they
are at once burnt to soot or lamp black which is then deposited in a chamber at
the rear, on the other hand the waste heat given off by such combustion is
utilised for heating the inclined surface on which the distillation is effected, sub-
stantially as described with reference to Fig. 3 of the drawings.
3000