Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Dyeing, Bleaching and Mercerising Cloth.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Dyeing, Bleaching
and Mercerising Cloth.
I, JAMES NELSON, of 9, Victoria Terrace, South Shore, Blackpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Cotton Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to improvements in machinery or apparatus for
dyeing, bleaching and mercerising cloth. The apparatus employed consists
essentially of a series of vats for boiling the cloth, vats for bleaching, dyeing and
mercerising the same, vats for neutralising the acids employed in the different
processes, and finally vats for thoroughly washing the cloth with water,
admixed with ingredients or not as desirable, and a drying cylinder for drying
the cloth after it has been submitted to the process hereinafter described.
In each of the said vats is a roller having on its circumference perforated metal
or other frictional surface.
Between each two adjacent rollers in the vats is a similar roller coated with
perforated metal, so that the cloth in its traverse first passes through the vat con-
taining boiling water, then through a vat containing the desired dyeing or mer-
cerising ingredients, and round the roller in such vat, then over the said roller
in juxta-position, then under the roller in the next vat, and so on just according
to the number of vats employed. The said rollers may be driven by toothed
gearing at a uniform rate of speed.
A spray of the dyeing solution may be passed through pipes through a spray
producer or perforated pipe placed in close proximity to the roller next the dyeing
at or vats, and similarly a spray producer or perforated pipe conveving a jet of
clean water may be placed near the roller next fhe washing vats to assist in
cleansing the cloth.
The roller which stands outside the rollers in the vats transmits motion to a
similar roller immediately above it, and between both rollers the cloth passes
on its way through the different vats and forward to the drying cylinder. By
this means pressure is applied to the cloth under process to squeeze out the
moisture contained therein. The auxiliary or top roller may be removed from
its bearing to a slot or groove out of action if desired.
Dated this 6th dow of Lulu. 1900
RICHMOND & Co.,
Chartered Patent Agents, 12, Standish Street, Burnley.

page_text: Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Dyeing, Bleaching
and Mercerising Cloth.
I, JAMES NELSON, of 9, Victoria Terrace, South Shore, Blackpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Cotton Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has reference to improvements in machinery or apparatus for
dyeing bleaching and mercerising cloth. The apparatus employed consists
essentially of a series of vats for boiling the cloth, vats for bleaching, dyeing and
mercerising the same, vats for neutralising the acids employed in the different
processes, and finally vats for thoroughly washing the cloth with water,
admixed with ingredients or not as desirable, and a drying cylinder for drying
the cloth after it has been submitted to the process hereinafter described.
In each of the said vats is a roller having on its circumference perforated metal
or other frictional surface. Between each two adjacent rollers in the vats is a
similar roller coated with perforated metal, so that the cloth in its traverse first
passes through the vat containing boiling water, then over the roller in juxta-
position, then through a vat containing the desired dyeing or mercerising ingre-
dients, and round the roller in such vat, then over the next roller in juxta-posi-
tion, and then under the roller in the next vat, and so on just according to the
number of vats employed.
The said rollers may be driven by toothed gearing at a uniform rate of speed.
A spray of the dyeing solution may be passed through pipes through a spray
producer or perforated pipe placed in close proximity to the roller next the dyeing
vat or vats, and similarly a spray producer or perforated pipe conveying a jet of
clean water may be placed near the roller next the washing vats to assist in
cleansing the cloth.
The roller which stands outside the rollers in the vats transmits motion to a
similar roller immediately above it, and between both rollers the cloth passes
on its way through the different vats, and forward to the drying cylinder. By
this means pressure is applied to the cloth under process to squeeze out the
moisture contained therein. The auxiliary or top roller may be removed from
its bearing to a slot or groove out of action, if desired.
In the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 is a side elevation of my improved
machinery or apparatus for dyeing bleaching and mercerising cloth.
A are the respective vats placed adjacent to each other in a suitable
framing B. Any number of vats may be employed as desired, one or more of
which vats are for boiling the cloth, others for bleaching, dyeing, and mercerising
the same, others for neutralising the acids employed in the different processes,
and also vats for thoroughly washing the cloth with water, admixed with ingre-
dients or not as desirable, and a drying cylinder C, for drying the cloth, if
required, after it has been submitted to the process hereinafter described.
The cloth on the beam or roller D is passed over carrier rollers E, then under
the roller F in the first vat, which may contain boiling water for thoroughly
boiling the cloth thereby softening it, and rendering it more amenable to the
processes, to which it has afterwards to be submitted.
The cloth is then carried over a roller G placed in juxta-position to the roller
in the first vat F, and between it and the roller H in the second vat, under
which it is then passed, and carried over another roller J in juxta-position to

page_text: the second roller, and between it and the roller K in the third vat, and this process
is continued with regard to the remaining vats and rollers.
Any desired number of vats may be employed, the arrangement of rollers with
respect thereto being the same, and of such vats, one, two, or more may contain
the boiling water, others etc, etc. as hereinbefore fully set forth. I do not limit
myself to the number of vats employed, as the number will vary according to
the different processes, to which the cloth has to be subjected, and to the particular
character of the cloth itself.
Immediately above the intermediate rollers G and are mounted in slots in
the machine frame, the small rollers L, and between the nip of the said rollers
the cloth passes on its way to the drying cylinder C. Extra pressure may be
applied to the rollers by weighted arms M.
All the said rollers may be coated with perforated metal or other frictional sub-
stance to prevent shrinkage, and ensure the cloth being drawn forward through
the machine by gearing about to be described.
The rollers are driven preferably at one uniform rate of speed by the arrange-
ment of gear wheels represented in Figs. and 3, the said views being elevation
and plan respectively.
Motion is transmitted by the fast and loose pulleys N and Ni to the gear
wheels O P Q R and S, which slow down the speed. and transmit motion to the
gear wheels T (which are mounted on the axis of the rollers in the vats) through
the medium of the intermediate gear wheels U.
Cocks or taps V may be employed at the bottom of the rats for draining them
when required.
The dyeing solution may be also thrown upon the cloth in the form of a spray
by being passed through pipes W carrying perforated branch pipes W¹ adjacent
to the rollers G and J, and similar pipes may be placed near the rollers in the
washing vats carrying a spray of cold water to assist in cleaning or washing the
cloth.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
The improved construction and arrangement of apparatus for dyeing, bleaching
and mercerising cloth, substantially as described and illustrated.
' AL
1 1
1940
RICHMOND & Co.,
Chartered Patent Agents, 12, Standish Street, Burnley.