Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Mar., 1887
Complete Left, 8th Dec., 1887
Complete Accepted, 20th Jan., 1888
I, JEAN ANTOINE HUBERT LEYNEN-HOUGAERTS of Brussels in the Kingdom of
Belgium, Inventor, Director of the Belgian Institute of Christian Art, 6B Place
St. Gudule Brussels, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Hitherto vegetable oils of all kinds used for lighting purposes have been burned by
means of a wick. In many cases this method causes various inconveniences to obviate
which is the purpose of the present invention.
Vegetable oils such as colza, hemp, olive, nut, and the like which do not take fire at
ordinary temperatures unless they are associated with some other combustible substance,
burn on the other hand very readily at the boiling temperature. The carrying into
effect industrially of this principle constitutes the object of the present invention.
The apparatus consists essentially of a cylindrical or conical tube the upper part of
which may or may not be terminated by a little enlargement and which forms one
piece with a floating capsule in such a manner that the oil shall keep it constantly
filled, and that the heat of the flame shall maintain constantly in ebullition the portion
of oil which is in the upper portion of the tube.
The apparatus is shown in perspective in the accompanying drawing.
A, is a cylindrical reservoir for the oil. In this reservoir is placed the capsule B,
bearing the tube C, with burner D. The capsule B may be of any suitable shape and
be made of any suitable material such as metal, glass, porcelain, and so forth, but I
way say that the material I prefer to use for this purpose is glass.
After the reservoir is filled with oil, the float must be placed in it, care being taken
that the oil reaches about to the upper edge of the burner without being able to over-
flow into the capsule. The upper part of the tube C is then heated until the oil
commences to boil, and catches fire, after which the apparatus itself maintains the
heat, and the oil continues to burn. Obviously the size of the flame may be regulated
by increasing or diminishing the diameter of the tube, or two concentric tubes may
be used with interior air current the oil filling the anunlar space between them, and
to these lamps, glasses shades and so forth may be attached as with ordinary lamps.
Dated this 7th day of March 1887
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Lamps or Night Lights Applicable for Use with
Vegetable Oils.
1, JEAN ANTOINE HUBERT LEYNEN-HOUGAERTS of Brussels in the Kingdom of
Belgium, Inventor do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
Hitherto vegetable oils of all kinds used for lighting purposes have been burned by
means of a wick. In many cases this method causes various inconveniences to obviate
which is the purpose of the present invention.
Vegetable oils such as colza, hemp, olive, nut, and the like, which do not take fire at
ordinary temperatures unless they are associated with some other combustible
substance, burn on the other hand very readily at the boiling temperature. The
carrying into effect, industrially of this principle constitutes the object of the present
invention.
The apparatus consists essentially of a cylindrical or conical tube the upper part of
which may or may not be terminated by a little enlargement, and which forms one
piece with a floating capsule in such a manner that the oil shall keep it constantly
filled, and that the heat of the flame shall maintain constantly in ebullition the portion
of oil, which is in the upper portion of the tube.
The apparatus is shown in perspective in the drawing filed with the provisional
specification.
A is a cylindrical reservoir for the oil. In this reservoir is placed the capsule B,
hearing the tube, (, with burner D. The capsule B may be of any suitable shape,
and be made of any suitable material such as metal, glass, porcelain, and so forth, but
I may say that the material I prefer to use for this purpose is glass. In the centre of
this capsule is fixed or applied in a suitable manner the tube C, so as to form a joint
which will not permit the entrance of any oil. I have discovered that practically
the only means of fixing the tube C to capsule B is to form the two parts in one
single piece.
The tube C may be cylindrical or conical and terminates preferably in an enlarge-
ment D, which is used as burner. The capsule or float B floats on the surface of the
liquid and is so contrived by means of weights or any other suitable device, that the
oil in the tube is always flush with the upper edge of the tube. The upper end of
the tube is of a length sufficient to allow of the oil to be easily heated. The enlarged
part D serves to facilitate this heating.
The edges of the capsule or float may be provided with four or more projections or
points E preventing the edge of the capsule from coming into contact with the edge
of the oil reservoir to which it might otherwise adhere.
It is also advantageous that reservoir A should have a cylindrical form. When it
is made of other shape a bottomless cylindrical tube may be placed in the reservoir;

page_text: the float is kept in the iniddle of this tube and sinks with the oil. When this double
envelope is used the reservoir can be easily fed with oil without fear of disturbing
the float.
The mode of action is as follows:
After the reservoir is filled with oil, the float must be placed in it, care being taken
that the oil reaches about to the upper edge of the burner without being able to over-
flow into the capsule. The upper part of the tube C is then heated until the oil
commences to boil, and catches fire, after which the apparatus itself maintains the
heat, and the oil continues to burn. Obviously the size of the flame may be regulated
by increasing or diminishing the diameter of the tube, or two concentric tubes may
be used, the oil filling the annular space between them, and to these lamps, glasses,
shades and so forth may be attached, as with ordinary lamps.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, declare that what
I claim is :-
1. The improved lamp for burning vegetable oils of all kinds without a wick, which
consists in arranging in an oil reservoir, a hollow float provided with one or several
tubes such as D communicating with the reservoir, and forming one piece with the
float or capsule D, the oil in the said tubes being constantly flushed (or nearly so)
with the upper edge of the tube D the whole being so arranged that the oil in the
upper part of the tube takes fire when it is heated to the required temperature, the
necessary temperature being retained by the heat produced by the flame, substantially
as described.
2. The application of the improved lamp with or without heating arrangements, to
night lights for domestic purposes, to lamps for illuminating clock dials and other
similar uses, and especially to sanctuary lamps.
3. The improved lamp for burning vegetable oils of all kinds without a wick, taken
as a whole substantially as herein described and illustrated by the accompanying
drawings.