Improvements in Dyeing Apparatus.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Apr., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 18th Jan., 1894-Accepted, 24th Feb., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Dyeing Apparatus.
I, EDUARD GESSLER, of Metzingen, in the Empire of Germany, Dyer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an apparatus consisting of
(1) A perforated metallic socket or spool which is provided on both ends with
collars.
(2) A support which carries the socket and the material to be dyed and may be
called the support. It consists of an upper conical piece which is perforated, a
disc which may be perforated or not and provided with projecting lugs and a lower
conical piece. A junk or packing ring is arranged on the periphery of the disc
another junk-ring on the lower cone and another junk-ring on the upper perforated
cone.
(3) The dyeing-fluid-regulator which may be called the regulator. It consists
of a pipe which is closed at its upper end and is composed of two parts, the upper
part of which has solid walls while the lower part is perforated. The upper part
is destined to receive grains of shot or the like for the purpose of altering the
weight of the regulator. The pipe is provided on its upper end with a cross which
is composed of metallic-rods, at the ends of which in hinges or joints, provided with
thumb-nuts, metallic-rods are carried. To the lower ends of these rods inwardly
directed pins are rivetted.
(4) The dye-apparatus. It consists of the kettle or vessel which receives the
material with a double bottom, a cover bridge-piece and screw, the receiver for the
dyeing fluid, and say two vacuum vessels.
The kettle is connected with the receiver by pipes having cocks and with the
vacuum vessels also by pipes and cocks.
To the second vacuum-vessel a glass-gauge is applied, and a valve which may be
connected with a supply of steam or compressed air or gas.
Card-fillets are wound the perforated spool forming a lap or cop which is placed
on the support and in the spool of which the regulator is inserted after which the
pins are hooked in the material and are kept there by screwing up the thumb-nuts
of the joints. The card-fillets are treated with fluids and vapours as follows:-
The double-bottom of the kettle is provided with a number of conical recesses in
which fit the lower, non-perforated cones of the supports. When all the recesses
are provided with supports the laps or cops are put over them and the lower part
of the laps bears upon the previously described discs.
The packing rings connect the support in an air-tight manner with the double
bottom.
The bottom of the kettle is thus provided with a triple packing by which the
support is held tight to the lower part of the kettle by means of the cone as well as
by the packing-rings.
Round the upper perforated cone is another packing-ring whereby the spool of
the lap is held tight to the support. When all the laps are put on the supports the
egulators are inserted in such a manner that the pipes with the crosses and the
netallic-rods and pins are put into the spools of the laps.
When the pipe is put into the spool so far that its uppermost perforations are at
he same height as the uppermost perforations of the spool, the pins are fastened
mmovably in the material.

page_text: When the kettle is thus charged with laps, it is closed air-tight by the cover by
means of the bridge-piece and the screw. At the same time the dyeing fluid is
preferably prepared in the receiver and a vacuum is generated in the vacuum
vessels.
At first the cock of the first vacuum vessel is opened so that the kettle becomes
void of air. Through the opened cock the dyeing fluid then flows from the receiver
into the kettle. When the latter is filled with dyeing fluid, the cocks are closed
and the cock to the second vacuum vessel is opened, whereupon, the dyeing fluid,
in taking its way through the laps from the outside to the inside is lifted from the
kettle into the second vacuum vessel.
When the dyeing fluid has entered this vessel the valve is opened and the dyeing
fluid runs, driven by an additional power of steam or air, back to the kettle through
the laps. While the laps are treated with the dyeing fluid the material on the
spool is compressed. In the same manner as the material is compressed on the
spool the upper perforations of the latter become exposed and the current of
the dyeing fluid on its course from outwards to inwards as well as on its course from
inwards to outwards, would no longer pass through the material but through the
holes that have become exposed whereby proper dyeing would be prevented.
For the purpose of preventing this inconvenience the regulator is provided.
As mentioned the material is tightly compressed during the dyeing process.
The pins which are fastened to the rods of the cross provided on the pipe having
been pressed immovably into the material the latter to the same extent that it is
compressed draws the non-perforated part of the pipe downwards in the spool
whereby the holes which had become uncovered are covered again, that is to say,
the effective length of the perforated spool is diminished.
Thus the current of the dyeing fluid is forced to take its course always through
the material alone whereby an effectual dyeing is obtained. The pipe is held close
to the spool by means of a packing of woollen-yarn, which commences at the
perforated part of the spool.
The perforated part of the pipe is only arranged for the purpose of having
sufficient support in the spool. The loading of the support with shot has only the
purpose of counteracting the friction of the pipe in the spool, or assisting the
sinking of the regulator.
When the material has been treated for a sufficient time the vacuum vessels are
closed and the kettle and the cock are opened so that the dyeing fluid flows back
from the kettle to the receiver. Thereupon the supports are lifted and the
material together with the supports is taken out of the kettle. Then the material
is dried in a centrifugal drying machine.
Dated this 17th day of April 1893.

page_text: dyed and may be called the support. It consists of an upper conical piece 6 which
is perforated a disc a² which may be perforated or not and provided with projecting
lugs n and a lower conical piece d. A junk or packing ring e² is arranged on the
periphery of the disc another junk-ring c on the lower cone d and another junk-
ring on the upper or perforated cone b.
(3) The dyeing fluid-regulator C (Fig. 3) which may be called the regulator.
It consists of a pipe g which is closed at its upper end and is composed of two parts
separated by a horizontal division the upper part a of which has solid walls while
the lower party is perforated. The upper part is intended to receive grains of
shot or the like for the purpose of altering the weight of the regulator. The pipe g
is provided on its upper end with a cross a¹ (Fig. 34) which is composed of metallic-
rods, at the ends of which in hinges or joints i provided with thumb-nuts, metallic-
rods 6' are carried. To the lower ends of these rods b¹ inwardly directed pins d¹
and d are rivetted.
(4) The dye-apparatus D (Fig. 4). It consists of the vessel or kettle Z
which receives the material with a false bottom P a cover G¹ bridge piece G³
and screw G³ the receiver S for the dyeing fluid and two vacuum-vessels Vi
and V2.
The kettle Z is connected with the receiver S by pipes R¹ and R' having
cocks 1 and 4 and with the vacuum vessels V₁ & V also by pipes R³ and R³
having cocks 3 and 2.
To the second vacuum vessel V2 a glass gauge T is applied and a valve w³ which
may be connected with a supply of steam or compressed air or gas.
Slivers or ribbons M (Fig. 5) of combed wool or other material to be dyed are
wound upon the perforated spool A forming a lap or cop (Fig. 6) which is placed
on the support B and in the spool A of which the regulator C is inserted after
which the pins d¹ and d² are hooked in the material M and are kept there by
screwing up the thumb-nuts of the joints i.
The material to be dyed is treated with fluids and vapours as follows; The
false-bottom P of the kettle Z is provided with a number of conical orifices O in
which fit the lower non-perforated cones d of the supports B. When all the
orifices O are provided with supports B, the laps or cops are put over the latter
and the lower parts of the laps bear upon the previously described discs a².
The packing rings c³ and c² connect the support B in an air-tight manner with
the false bottom P.
The bottom P of the kettle is thus provided with a triple packing by which the
support is held tight to the lower part of the kettle Z by means of the cone d as
well as by the packing rings c² and c³.
Round the upper or perforated cone 6 is another packing ring c¹ whereby the
spool A of the lap is held tight to the support B.
When all the laps are put on the supports the regulators C are inserted in
such a manner that the pipes 9 carrying the crosses a¹ and the metallic-rods 6¹
and pins d' suspended therefrom are put into the spools A of the laps.
When each pipe 9 is put into the spool A so far that its uppermost perforations
are at the same height as the uppermost perforations of the spool A, the pins d'
are fastened immovably in the material as hereinbefore explained (Fig. 6).
When the kettle Z is thus charged with laps it is closed air-tight by the cover G'
by means of the bridge-piece G* and the screw G³. At the same time the dyeing
fluid suitable for the purpose required is prepared in the receiver S and a vacuum
is generated in the vacuum vessels V¹ and V..
At first the cock 3 of the first vacuum vessel V₁ is opened so that the kettle Z
becomes void of air. Then the cock 1 opened and the dyeing fluid then flows
from the receiver S into the kettle Z. When the latter is filled with dyeing fluid
the cocks 1 and 3 are closed and the cock 2 of the second vacuum vessel V'
is opened whereupon the dyeing fluid in taking its way through the laps from
the outside to the inside is lifted from the kettle Z into the second vacuum
vessel V'.

page_text: When the dyeing fluid has entered this vessel V2 the valve w is opened and the
dyeing-fluid w driven by an excess-power of steam or air flows back to the kettle Z
from inside to outside through the laps.
While the laps are treated with the dyeing-fluid, the material M on the spool A
is compressed. In proportion as the material M is compressed on the spool A the
upper perforations of the latter become exposed and the current of the dyeing
fluid, on its course from outwards to inwards as well as on its course from inwards
to outwards would no longer pass through the material but through the holes that
have become exposed whereby proper dyeing would be prevented.
The object of the regulator C is to remedy this defect. As mentioned the
material is tightly compressed during the dyeing process. The pins d¹ and d
which are fastened to the rods & suspended from the cross a' attached to the
pipe g' having been pressed immovably into the material the latter to the same
extent that it is compressed draws the non-perforated part of the pipe g down-
wards in the spool A whereby the holes which had become uncovered are
covered again, that is to say the effective length of the perforated spool A is
diminished.
Thus the current of the dyeing fluid is forced to take its course always through
the material alone whereby an effective dyeing is obtained. The pipe 9 is held
close to the spool A by means of a packing C of woollen-yarn or equivalent
material, which commences at the non-perforated part of the pipe g.
The perforated part of the pipe g is only arranged for the purpose of having
sufficient support and guidance in the spool A. The loading of the support B with
shot has only the purpose of counteracting the friction of the pipe g in the spool A,
or assisting the sinking of the regulator C.
When the material has been treated as described for a sufficient time the vacuum
vessels V and V2 are closed and the kettle Z and the cock 4 are opened so
that the dyeing fluid flows back from the kettle Z to the receiver S. Hereupon
the supports are lifted and the material together with the supports is taken out of
the kettle Z. Then the material is dried in a centrifugal drying machine.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is ;-
1. Apparatus for the treatment of slivers or material to be dyed with fluids and
vapours characterised by the arrangement of a support such as B carrying a socket
or spool and also the material to be dyed which on its upper or perforated cone
carries the socket (A) with material wound round it and by means of its lower or
solid cone is carried in an aperture in the bottom of the kettle and packed a disc
such as a supporting the material an even and regular dyeing being assured by the
action of a regulator (C) wherein the pipe g weighted with a variable or adjustable
weight closes the upper perforations of the socket or spool (A) guiding the pipe
according to the compression of the material the pins attached to a cross borne by
the pipe pressed into the material are carried down by its compression.
2. In dyeing apparatus the employment in combination with a kettle having a
perforated false bottom such as P. O. of a support such as B and a perforated
sleeve such as A the support consisting of a disc having a lower unperforated
conical nozzle for fitting into the perforations O of the false bottom and an upper
perforated conical nozzle for receiving the lower end of the sleeve substantially as
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
3. In dyeing apparatus the combination with the support and sleeve claimed in
the last preceding claim of a regulator such as C comprising a pipe perforated at
its lower part and closed at its upper part and adapted to fit into the sleeve and a
cross-piece such as a¹ having spiked arms such as b' d' d² pivotted to it substantially
as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
4. In dyeing apparatus in which are employed two pipes such as 9 A one fitting
into the other maintaining a tight joint between the two by means of packing

page_text: secured to one (g) of the pipes and held constantly against the other (A)
substantially in the manner described.
5. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the complete dyeing
apparatus substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 18th day of January 1894.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.