MENTS IN TYPE MATRIX MACHINES AND TYPE WRITING MACHINES
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
I ALBERT JAMES BARKER of 9 Douro Place Kensington in the County of
Middlesex, Architect do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TYPE MATRIX MACHINES AND TYPE WRITING MACHINES to be as
follows:
:-
This invention has reference to type matrix machines, that is to say, machines
in which types or dies are caused to indent, stamp or emboss any suitable surface
such as paper, papier maché, celluloid, copper, lead or other suitable yielding
material, so that this material may be afterwards used as a matrix from which
metal or other casts may be taken for the purpose of printing from; or if the
material is embossed by the dies printing can be obtained from it direct.
The invention also includes type writing machines which are constructed and act
in the same way as the type matrix machines except that instead of the types or
dies indenting, stamping or embossing the paper or other material they print or
write upon the material, any suitable inking apparatus being added to the machine
for the purpose of inking the types or dies. The print thus obtained upon the
material may be afterwards press-copied by a hand press or otherwise, or be
transferred to a lithographic stone or be utilized for photo-lithography, zincography
or other like arts.
The particular kind or style of type matrix machine and type writing machine
to which my improvements relate is that which consist mainly of a rotating
type wheel, of a rotating cylinder having longitudinal grooves in which rods
are made to slide, of a key board or series of manuals, the keys or manuals
when depressed acting upon the corresponding rods in the cylinder so as to cause
them to slide out and bring a device thereon in line with the row of type in the
type wheel, and of a device by means of which the paper or material to be acted
upon and which is below the type wheel is forced by that rod, which for the time
being is slid out against the corresponding type so as to receive the proper
indentation or print.
The objects of the invention are chiefly to obtain a more perfect and uniform
indentation, to reduce to a minimum the friction between the type cylinder and
the part which forces the paper against it, to provide means for adjusting or
תח

page_text: replacing the wearing parts, and generally to simplify and improve the construction
and action of the machine.
The improvements are as follows:--
I construct the guide through which the paper (or other material) passes so
that it or a portion of it can be raised on a hinge or pivot or otherwise for the
purpose of bringing the paper in contact with the type; an adjusting device such
as a set screw regulates the height to which the guide can be raised.
I fit this hinged or pivoted guide with a roller over which the paper passes this
roller being the part by which the paper is pressed against the type.
In combination with this roller I use a small curved spring one end of which is
fastened to the guide while the other end extends over the roller and holds it in
place and also secures or holds the paper while being printed or indented. My
paper guide is placed at right angles to and almost rests upon the cylinder. In
addition to the spring just described the guide has a flat spring secured to a fixed
part at one end while its other end presses upon the hinged part and returns it to
its normal position after having been raised to print; this spring also holds the
paper in check.
I screw into each of the sliding rods near the outer end a screw the head of
which is rounded or bevelled at the edge the top being flat. When a rod has been
caused to slide out the bevelled head is in line with the row of types and as the
cylinder revolves acts on the roller of the paper guide and thereby forces the
paper against the corresponding type in the type wheel the flat top of the screw
bearing against the roller while the printing or indentation is effected. When the
screw head has become worn by use it can readily be adjusted by unscrewing it a
little, or a new screw can be put in the end of the rod, obviating the necessity of
changing the hammer or packing up the type as is necessitated in existing
machines. I fit one or more catches in the rod to prevent the screw turning when
in use.
The type wheel is not concentric with the cylinder but is caused to revolve
synchronously in the same direction and on an axis parallel therewith above one
end of the cylinder; owing to the wheel and cylinder revolving in the same
direction the friction between the type wheel and guide roller and between the
guide roller and the screw in the sliding rod is reduced to the minimum. The
spindles of the cylinder and type wheel are connected together proferably by a
connecting rod and cranks.
I adopt means to prevent the keys from being depressed and operating upon
the corresponding rods except at a certain point in the revolution of the cylinder,
the desirability of which is well understood. This may be effected by a locking
bar which extends behind the cylinder for the whole length of the key board. At
each end of the cylinder is a projection and at each end of the locking bar is an
arm to correspond with the projection on the cylinder. Normally the locking bar
is kept above the ends of the keys by springs acting against the arms above named
and the keys are thereby locked, but when the projections on the cylinder come
against the arms the arms and locking bar are forced back and the keys thereby'
temporarily unlocked and can be thrown into position so as to operate the sliding
rods at the will of the operator. Or the locking bar can be formed with a series
of hooked teeth or pins and receive an endways or lateral movement from a cam
on the cylinder, the hooked teeth or pins holding down the keys in the one position
of the bar and leaving them cloar in the other position. This operating cam on
the end of the cylinder should be placed in such a position as to allow of all the
keys being depressed at a point on the cylinder just preceding the commencement
of the alphabet.
In order to hold the keys firmly in position and particularly to prevent lateral
movement of same during the act of printing I employ a bar with perforations to
receive and hold corresponding pins or projections on the keys; the spiral springs
which return the keys to position when the pressure on same is removed are fitted
around these pins so as to bear upon the under side of the perforated bar,

page_text: The operation of the machine is readily understood:-The cylinder and type
wheel revolve at a speed of about 200 or 300 revolutions per minute as is usual
with machines of this description. For each successive letter to be printed the
corresponding key is in turn depressed, and acts in the usual way upon an incline
or bevel on the corresponding rod so as to cause this rod to slide in its groove and
bring the bevelled or rounded screw in line with the type and the guide roller.
As this screw revolves with the cylinder it comes against and forces up the guide
roller thus bringing this roller against the corresponding type the paper being between
them. The cylinder and type wheel continuing their revolution they print or indent
the particular type or letter upon the paper and in doing so feed or move forward the
paper a distance equal to the width of the letter, the width of the letter itself
determining the length of time during which the contact exists. As the cylinder
further revolves the rod or a pin near the end of the rod comes against an incline
and is returned to its normal position. The same operations are repeated for each
successive letter forming the word or words to be printed. Or, I can return the
rods into the cylinder by a series of fixed bevels which receive the impact of cach
successive rod immediately after it has performed the function of pressing the
roller guide and paper upon the type. Or, these bevels can be placed at any
intermediate distance in connection with the periphery of the cylinder between
the point at which the rods operate upon the roller and the point at which they
are required to again be operated by any required manual in the key board. Or,
I can return these rods into position ready to print again by a series of fixed cams
or bevels on which the pins operate on a bar placed suitably at any point of the
periphery of the cylinder at which it may be most convenient to return them by
such means.
In order to provide for proper spacing between words I place in the type wheel
an m or r type slightly less (say of an inch) in height than the other types.
This type makes a rather shallower impression on the paper so that the metal
when a cast is afterwards taken will not print at the points where the shallows
exist. Or, in the case of a type writing machine these shallower types do not get
inked by the inking rollers and therefore do not print or ink the paper.
The type wheel may have more than one row of types for capitals and lower
case type respectively or where different sized fonts are to be provided for, and in
this case the wheel can be moved along its spindle by a yoke and lever worked by
a treadle so as to bring the desired row of type into position for printing.
Dated this fifth day of July 1881

page_text: I ALBERT JAMES BARKER, late of 9 Douro Place, Kensington, in the County of
Middlesex, now of 18 Kensington Court Place, in the same County, Architect, do
hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TYPE MATRIX
MACHINES AND TYPE WRITING MACHINES" and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention has reference to type matrix machines, that is to say, machines in
which types or dies are caused to indent, stamp or emboss any suitable surface such
as paper, papier maché, celluloid, copper, lead or other suitable yielding material, so
that this material may be afterwards used as a matrix from which metal or other
casts may be taken for the purpose of printing from or if the material is embossed
by the dies, printing can be obtained from it direct.
The invention also includes type writing machines which are constructed and act
in the same way as the type matrix machines except that instead of the types or
dies indenting, stamping or embossing the paper or other material they print
or write upon the material, any suitable inking apparatus being added to the
machine for the purpose of inking the types or dies. The print thus obtained upon
the material may be afterwards press copied by a hand press or otherwise, or
be transferred to a lithographic stone or be utilized for photo-lithography, zinco-
graphy or other like arts.
The particular kind or style of type matrix machine and type writing machine
to which my improvements relate is that which consists mainly of a rotating type
wheel, of a rotating cylinder having longitudinal grooves in which rods are made to
slide, of a key board or series of manuals-the keys or manuals when depressed
acting upon the corresponding rods in the cylinder so as to cause them to slide out
and bring a device thereon in line with the row of type in the type wheel, and of
a device by means of which the paper or material to be acted upon and which is
below the type wheel is forced by that rod, which for the time being is slid out,
against the corresponding type so as to receive the proper indentation or print.
The objects of the invention are chiefly, to obtain a more perfect and uniform
indentation, to reduce to a minimum the friction between the type cylinder and the
part which forces the paper against it, to provide means for adjusting or replacing
the wearing parts, and generally to simplify and improve the construction and
action of the machine.
Figure 1 of the annexed drawings is a front elevation partly in section, Figure 2
an end elevation and Figure 3 a transverse section of a type matrix machine
constructed according to my invention. Figure 4 is a plan view of some of the
keys or manuals and of a perforated bar hereinafter described. Figure 5 is a
detached view shewing the guide for the paper (or other material) and a portion of
the strip of paper.
a is the type wheel having fitted around its periphery one, two or more series of
types or dies; the number of types in each series is shown as 36 which is sufficient
to comprize the alphabet and the usual stops, signs & but this number may be

page_text: more or less. b is the rotating cylinder formed with longitudinal grooves the
number of which should be the same as the number of types in one series in the
wheel a.
c, c are the rods fitted in the grooves of the cylinder. d, d are the keys
or manuals (also of the same number) which when depressed act by means of
inclines e, e at their rear ends on the tails of the corresponding rods and cause them
to slide out as is seen by the lowest rod in Figure 1. The cylinder b is mounted
on a shaft driven by pulleys g or otherwise and motion is transmitted from the
shaft to the shaft h of the type wheel a by means of crank pins i, i and a
connecting rod j. k, k are rings which hold the rods c, c in place and prevent
the keys d, d being depressed except at a certain part of the revolution of
the cylinder b.
I construct the guide through which the paper (or other material) passes so that
it or a portion of it can be raised on a hinge or pivot or otherwise for the purpose
of bringing the paper in contact with the type. 1, 1 represent the guide, these two
portions being hinged or pivoted together at 1 for the purpose just stated; an
adjusting device such as a set screw m regulates the height to which the guide can
be raised. I fit this hinged or pivoted guide with a roller n over which the paper o
passes this roller being the part by which the paper is pressed against the type. In
combination with this roller I use a small curved spring p- one end of which
is fastened to the guide while the other end extends over the roller n and holds
it in place and also secures or holds the paper while being printed or indented. The
paper guide is placed at right angles to and almost rests upon the cylinder b. In
addition to the spring p the guide has a flat spring q secured to a fixed part at one
end while its other end presses upon the hinged part and returns it to its normal
position after having been raised to print; this spring also holds the paper in
check.
I screw into each of the sliding rods c near the outer end a screw r the head of
which is rounded or bevelled at the edge, the top being flat. When a rod has been
caused to slide out the bevelled head is in line with the row of types in the wheel a
and as the cylinder b revolves pushes up the roller n of the paper guide and thereby
forces the paper o against the corresponding type in the type wheel the flat top of
the screw bearing against the roller while the printing or indentation is being
effected. When the screw head has become worn by use it can readily be adjusted
by unscrewing it a little or a new screw can be put in the end of the rod, obviating
the necessity of changing the hammer or packing up the type as is necessitated in
existing machines. To prevent the screw turning when in use a locking piece S or
other suitable device may be employed.
The type wheel a is not concentric with the cylinder 6 but is caused to revolve
synchronously in the same direction and on an axis parallel therewith above one
end of the cylinder as seen in the Figures; owing to the wheel a and cylinder b
revolving in the same direction the friction between the wheel a and guide roller n
and between the guide roller and the screw r in the sliding rod is reduced to the
minimum.
I adopt means to prevent the keys from being depressed and operating upon the.
corresponding rods except at a certain point in the revolution of the cylinder, the
desirability of which is well understood. This may be effected by forming in each
of the rings k an opening t at that part which is the point of the revolution
at which only the keys should be depressed, and by having a nose u on the
incline e of each of the keys d to enter the said opening t. Thus when pressure is
put upon a key d it will not yield until the opening t has come opposite the nose u,
and then the nose enters the opening t and remains within the ring until in the
revolution of the latter the opening t is again opposite the nose and can therefore
pass out. Or, a locking bar can be employed which extends beyond the cylinder
for the whole length of the key board, see v Figures 6 and 7. This bar is formed
with a series of hooked teeth or pins w and receives an endways or lateral
movement from a cam on the cylinder the hooked teeth or pins holding down the
keys d, d in the one position of the bar, and leaving them clear in the other

page_text: position. This operating cam on the end of the cylinder should be placed in such
a position as to allow of all the keys being depressed at a point on the cylinder just
preceding the commencement of the alphabet.
In order to hold the keys firmly in position and particularly to prevent lateral
movement of same during the act of printing I'employ a bar x, Figure 4 with
perforations to receive and hold corresponding pins or projections on the keys;
the spiral springa z which return the keys to position when the pressure on same is
removed are fitted around these pins so as to bear upon the underside of the
perforated bar.
The operation of the machine is readily understood. The cylinder 6 and type
wheel a revolve at a speed of about 200 or 300 revolutions per minute as is usual
with machines of this description. For each successive letter to be printed the
corresponding key d is in turn depressed, and acts in the usual way upon the
corresponding rod c so as to cause this rod to slide in its groove and bring the
bevelled or rounded screw r in line with the type and the guide roller n. As this
screw r revolves with the cylinder bit comes against and forces up the guido
roller n, thus bringing this roller against the corresponding type the paper o being
between them. The cylinder and type wheel continuing their revolution they
print or indent the particular type or letter upon the paper and in doing so feed
or move forward the paper a distance equal to the width of the letter, the width
of the letter itself determining the length of time during which the contact exists.
As the cylinder further revolves the rod (or a pin near the end of the rod) comes
against an incline A on the frame or a fixed part and is returned to its normal
position. The same operations are repeated for each successive letter forming the
word or words to be printed. Or I can return the rods into the cylinder by a
spring fitted in each of the grooves in which the rods c, c slide. When a rod is
pushed out it compresses the spring and a catch then holds the spring thus
compressed until released by a fixed piece or abutment against which the catch
strikes after the printing has been effected.
In order to provide for proper spacing between words I place in the type wheel
an m or r type slightly less (say of an inch) in height than the other types.
This type makes a rather shallower impression on the paper so that the metal when
a cast is afterwards taken will not print at the point where the shallows exist.
Or in the case of a type writing machine these shallower types do not get inked
by the inking rollers and therefore do not print or ink the paper.
For either kind of machine in addition to or in lieu of this shallow- type
I employ pins fixed in the type wheel at the sides of the spaces so as to act on the
paper and carry it forward the proper distance.
The type wheel may have more than one row or series of types for capitals and
lower case type respectively or where different sized founts are to be provided for,
and in this case the wheel a can be moved along its spindle by a yoke B and bell
crank lever C worked by a rod D and pedal so as to bring the desired row of type
into position for printing. The drawings show a wheel with three rows or series
of type.
When the machine is intended to be used as a type writing machine the types
in the wheel a are made to print or write on the material, any suitable inking
apparatus being added to the machine for the purpose of inking the types as will
be well understood, and as the type might not itself give a sufficient grip on the
paper to effect the necessary feed, I fix in the type wheel at the sides of each type
pins as above described (one or more according to the width of the letter) to act
on the paper and carry it forward the proper distance.
Finally I state that I am acquainted with the Specification of the Patent granted
to Alexander Henry Reed for an invention communicated to him by Merritt Henry
Dement dated the 29th day of July 1884 N° 10718. I make no claim to the
invention to which the said patent applies or to any part thereof, and this
Specification and its claiming clauses are to be read in this sense anything to the
contrary notwithstanding.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim, in respect of type matrix machines and type writing machines, is
1. The combination or arrangement of parts substantially as described and
shewn in the drawings.
2. The employment as described of a roller in the paper guide coming into
contact with the sliding rods c when the same are projected forwards.
3. The combination of the parts of the guide as described and shown.
4. The bevel headed screws r in the sliding rods c for acting on the guide when
the rods are pushed out.
5. Causing the type wheel a to revolve synchronously with and in the same
direction as the cylinder.
6. Providing the machine with a sliding bar, such as shown at v, Figures 6
and 7, with catches w to hold down the keys except when the bar is moved
endwise as described.
7. The perforated bar x in combination with the pins y on the keys to prevent
lateral movement of the keys.