IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF COFFIN. HANDLES, DOOR AND OTHER HANDLES, MANGER RINGS, DOOR KNOCKERS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Garrad, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Merchant and Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF COFFIN. HANDLES, DOOR AND
OTHER HANDLES, MANGER RINGS, DOOR KNOCKERS, AND OTHER LIKE
ARTICLES."
Sealed the 23rd June 1876, and dated the 9th February 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Garrad at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th February 1876.
WILLIAM GARRAD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Merchant and
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFActure of
COFFIN HANDLES, DOOR AND OTHER HANDLES, MANGER RINGS, DOOR KNOCKERS,
AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES."
In ordinary coffin handles, pendent door handles, and other similar handles, tho
handle is connected by side pegs or pivots to loops, which loops are fixed in various
ways to the coflin or other article. In this, the ordinary construction, the con-
necting parts upon which the handle turns are separate or detached from the handle
proper.
My Invention consists in constructing the handle or other like article and its
connecting part so that they shall be inseparable or connected together, whether
attached to or detached from the coffin or other article, the connecting part having
the function of the ordinary loops, that is, the said connecting part supports and
fixes the handle, and forms the bearing in which the handle swivels or turns.
By my Invention the construction and manufacture of the handle are much sin-
plified, the handle is complete in itself, and the inconvenience which results from
the use of the handle when detached or separated loops or connecting parts are
employed is prevented.
In constructing a handle according to my Invention I make the side pieces of the
handle of nearly the figure of a bow, the unconnected upper ends of the said side
pieces being bridged or connected together by a rod having globular or other shaped
enlargements or shoulders near its junction with the side pieces. Between the said
enlargements or shoulders a central loop or bearing swivels or turns, the said loop or
bearing having at its back a screw. By means of this screw the handle is attached
'
.

page_text: to the coffin or other article. The handle and its attaching part or screw are thus
combined together, and form one article.
In attaching a handle thus constructed the handle is held in the hand, and the
screw at the back of the central loop or bearing is presented to the coffin or other
article, and the handle is turned so as to drive home the screw after the manner of
driving home an ordinary screw. The central loop of the handle is thereby fixed in
the coffin or article, the said loop serving as the bearing for the cross piece upon
which the handle swivels or turns.
I manufacture the said handles by casting in the following manner-1 form by
forging or otherwise a rod having the globular or other enlargements or shoulders
upon it herein-before referred to. This rod constitutes the cross or connecting piece
of the handle. I form two half moulds in the ordinary way, having such figures as
will produce the complete handle, and also the connecting loop or bearing. I place
in one of the half moulds the rod or cross piece described, and also the connecting
screw of the handle. The metal being cast in the mould a complete handle with its
connecting loop and screw is formed, the side pieces of the handle being cast on the
ends of the cross rod, and the loop or bearing being cast on the screw and also upon
The adhesion
the cross rod between the enlargements or shoulders of the said rod.
of the cast netal of the loop or bearing to the cross rod is prevented by dusting the
said rod prior to casting, as is well understood.
My Invention is applied to manger rings and other like articles, and to door
kuockers, substantially in the manner herein-before described with respect to
handles
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by the
said William Garrad in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 27th July 1876.
WILLIAM GARRAD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Merchant and
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF
COFFIN HANDLES, DOOR AND OTHER HANDLES, MANGER RINGS, DOOR KNOCKERS,
AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES."
In ordinary coffin handles, pendent door handles, and other similar handles, the
handle is connected by side pegs or pivots to loops, which loops are fixed in various
ways to the coffin or other article. In this, the ordinary construction, the con-
necting parts upon which the handle turns are separate or detached from the handle
proper.
My Invention consists in constructing the handle or other like article and its
connecting part so that they shall be inseparable or connected together, whether
attached to or detached from the coffin or other article, the connecting part having
the function of the ordinary loops, that is, the said connecting part supports and
fixes the handle, and forms the bearing in which the handle swivels or turns.
By my Invention the construction and manufacture of the handle are much sim-
plified, the handle is complete in itself, and the inconvenience which results from
the use of the handle when detached or separated loops or connecting parts are
employed is prevented.
In constructing a handle according to my Invention I make the side pieces of the
handle of nearly the figure of a bow, the unconnected upper ends of the said side
pieces being bridged or connected together by a rod having globular or other shaped
enlargements or shoulders near its junction with the side pieces. Between the said
enlargements or shoulders a central loop or bearing swivels or turns, the said loop or
bearing having at its back a screw. By means of this screw the handle is attached
to the coffin or other article. The handle and its attaching part or screw are thus
combined together, and form one article.
In attaching a handle thus constructed the handle is held in the hand, and the
screw at the back of the central loop or bearing is presented to the coffin or other
article, and the handle is turned so as to drive home the screw after the manner of

page_text: driving home an ordinary screw. The central loop of the handle is thereby fixed
in the coffin or article, the said loop serving as the bearing for the cross piece upon
which the handle swivels or turns.
I manufacture the said handles by casting in the following manner-I form by
forging or otherwise a rod having the globular or other enlargements or shoulders
upon it herein-before referred to. This rod constitutes the cross or connecting piece
of the handle. I form two half moulds in the ordinary way, having such figures as
will produce the complete handle, and also the connecting loop or bearing. I place
in one of the half moulds the rod or cross piece described, and also the connecting
screw of the handle. The metal being cast in the mould, a complete handle with its
connecting loop and screw is formed, the side pieces of the handle being cast on the
ends of the cross rod, and the loop or bearing being cast on the screw and also upon
the cross rod between the enlargements or shoulders of the said rod. The adhesion
of the cast metal of the loop or bearing to the cross rod is prevented by dusting the
said rod prior to casting, as is well understood.
My Invention is applied to manger rings and other like articles, and to door
knockers, substantially in the manner herein-before described with respect to
handles.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawing the
manner in which my Invention may be performed.
Figure 1 represents in side elevation, and Figure 2 the same partly in section a
coffin handle constructed and manufactured according to my Invention; Figure 3 is
a cross section of the same.
Figure 4 represents the central loop or bearing and cross or connecting piece
detached from the handle proper; and Figure 5 represents the screw detached.
Figure 6 represents the handle and its cross or connecting piece without the
central loop or bearing and its screw.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
and 6.
a, a, are the side pieces of the handle, having nearly the figure of a bow, the
unconnected upper ends being bridged or connected together by the wrought iron
or other rod on the said rod bare enlargements or shoulders b², constituting
collars between which the central loop or bearing c swivels or turns, the said loop
having a screw d at its back, shown separately in Figure 5. By an examination of
the Drawing it will be seen that the handle is complete in itself, there being no
detachable parts, that is, the handle proper marked a, a, the connecting rod b, b²,
and the swivelling loop or bearing c by which the handle is connected to the coffin
are combined together and form one article.
To attach the handle, Figures 1, 2, and 3 to the coffin the handle a is held in the
hand, and the wood screw d at the back of the loop c is presented to the coffin, and
the handle turned so as to drive home the screw. The central loop c is thus securely
fixed to the coffin, the said fixed loop c forming the bearing for the cross piece or
pin b of the handle a to turn in.
Instead of a screw at the back of the loop a split pin may be used, as illustrated
in Figure 7, and marked e. This split pin c is passed through a hole in the coffin,
and clinched on the inside thereof. Or the loop c may be provided with a hollow
or female screw, as illustrated in Figure S, and marked c, and a headed screw ƒ be
passed into the said hollow screw from the inside of the coffin. Or instead of driving
a wood screw at the back of the loop into the coffin from the front thereof a screw
of the kind illustrated in Figure 9, and marked g, may be used, the said loop c
being fixed in its place by a screw nut screwed on the end of the screw g from the
inside of the coffin.
Although I have represented the best means with which I am acquainted of con-
necting the central loop or bearing c upon which the handle turns to the coffin, yet
other means of attaching the central loop or bearing may be employed.
In making the handle, Figures 1, 2, and 3, by casting, I form two half moulds of
the shapes proper to produce the bow or unconnected parts a, a, of the handle, and

page_text: also the loop c, and I place in one of the half moulds at the required parts the rod
or cross piece b, 2, and the connecting screw d. The two half moulds being secured
together in the ordinary way, the molten metal is poured into the mould, the side
pieces or bow a, a, being cast on the ends of the cross rod b, and the loop or bearing
piece e being cast on the end of the screw d, and also upon the cross rod b, between
the shoulders 62, 63, of the said rod, and the handle is complete, the several parts
being inseparable, and thus forming one article. The adhesion of the cast loop or
bearing c.to the cross rod b is prevented by dusting the said rod prior to casting,
as is well understood.
Instead of casting the bow a, a, of the handle and the central loop cat one
operation, the handle and loop may be made at two operations, that is, the loop c
may be cast upon the cross rod b before the latter is placed in the half mould, as
illustrated in Figure 4; or the bow or side pieces a, a, may be first cast upon the
ends of the cross rod b, as illustrated in Figure 6, and the loop c be afterwards cast
upon the said partly made handle.
In constructing and manufacturing door handles, manger rings, and other like
articles, I proceed in the manner described and illustrated with respect to the con-
struction and manufacture of a coffin handle, the mould in which the article is cast
having such a size and configuration as is fitted to produce the article required.
When I manufacture door knockers according to my Invention I give the bow
part, which is cast upon the rod b, the required weight to form the knocker.
In addition to the articles enumerated my Invention is applicable to such articles
as require to be attached to a surface, and are capable of turning or swivelling upon
the attaching part.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself to
the precise details herein described and illustrated, as the same may be varied
without departing from the nature of my Invention; but I claim as my Invention,
the improvements in the construction and manufacture of coffin handles, door
and other handles, manger rings, door knockers, and other like articles, herein-
before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, that is to say, con-
structing the said handles and other like articles and their connecting parts, loops,
or bearings substantially as described and illustrated, so that the handle proper and
its connecting part or loop shall be inseparable or connected together, the handle or
other article being complete in itself, and forming one article, the parts of the said
handles and articles being arranged or combined and the said handles and articles
manufactured substantially as described and illustrated.
Also, the modifications described and illustrated in Figures 7, 8, and 9 of the
Drawing.
In witness whereof I, the said William Garrad, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand
iht ndued and
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.
WILLIAM GARRAD. (L.S.)