IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAFF-CUTTING MACHINES
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Warren, of Maldon, in the County of Essex,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAFF-CUTTING MACHINES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Warren at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
February 1861.
I, JOSEPH WARREN, of Maldon, in the County of Essex, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAFF-CUTTING
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in chaff-cutting machines.
For these purposes the fly wheel with the knives carried thereby is fixed on
the main shaft, which, as is usual in hand machines, is driven by a crank
handle, though the shaft may be actuated or driven by other means. When
driving the shaft by power, provision is made for connecting and disconnecting
the driving pulley on the shaft by means of a clutch box slid on the shaft by
a hand lever. The driving shaft is at right angles to the ends of the feed
rollers, and it gives motion thereto by means of a pinion gearing with the

page_text: teeth of a face wheel, which turns on a stud or fixed axis at the side of the
trough or box of the machine next the driving shaft. The face wheel, by
means of a pinion thereon, gives motion to toothed wheels fixed on the axes of
the feed rollers next the face wheel, so that the face wheel is geared by its
pinion directly with the toothed wheels on the axes of the feed rollers in place
of the axis of the face wheel being extended to the other side of the trough
or box of the machine; and in combination with this arrangement the face
wheel is formed with three or more than three circles of radial teeth, and the
driving shaft crosses the centre of the face wheel. The pinion on the driving
shaft which gives motion to the face wheel is capable of being slid along the
shaft in order that it may gear with either of the circles of teeth on the face
wheel, and when slid along the shaft, it moves correctly in a radial line to and
from the centre of the face wheel. The boss or nave of the pinion on the
driving shaft is made with a groove all round it, which is embraced or partly
surrounded by the end of a bar which is made capable of sliding (in a suitable
projection or bearing fixed to the side of the trough) to or from the centre of
the face wheel, and such sliding bar is made capable of being fixed and
retained in position when the pinion is in a correct position to gear or work
in any one of the circular rings of radial teeth on the face wheel.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Warren in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
23rd August 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
WARREN, of Maldon, in the County of Essex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Joseph Warren, Her special licence that I, the said Joseph
Warren, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Joseph Warren, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention

page_text: for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAFF-CUTTING MACHINES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Joseph Warren, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Warren, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in chaff-cutting machines.
For these purposes, the fly wheel with the knives carried thereby is fixed on
the main shaft, which, as is usual in hand machines, is driven by a crank
handle, though the shaft may be actuated or driven by other means. When
driving the shaft by power, provision is made for connecting and disconnecting
the driving pulley on the shaft by means of a clutch box slid on the shaft by a
hand lever. The driving shaft is at right angles to the ends of the feed
rollers, and it gives motion thereto by means of a pinion gearing with the
teeth of a face wheel which turns on a stud or fixed axis at the side of the
trough or box of the machine next the driving shaft. The face wheel, by
means of a pinion thereon, gives motion to toothed wheels fixed on the axes of
the feed rollers next the face wheel, so that the face wheel is geared by its
pinion directly with the toothed wheels on the axes of the feed rollers in place
of the axis of the face wheel being extended to the other side of the trough
or box of the machine; and in combination with this arrangement, the face
wheel is formed with three or more than three circles of radial teeth, and the
driving shaft crosses the centre of the face wheel. The pinion on the driving
shaft which gives motion to the face wheel is capable of being slid along the
shaft in order that it may gear with either of the circles of teeth on the face
wheel, and when slid along the shaft, it moves correctly in a radial line to and
from the centre of the face wheel.. The boss or nave of the pinion on the
driving shaft is made with a groove all round it, which is embraced or partly
surrounded by the end of a bar, which is made capable of sliding (in a suitable
projection or bearing fixed to the side of the trough) to or from the centre of
the face wheel, and such sliding bar is made capable of being fixed and
retained in position when the pinion is in a correct position to gear or work in
any one of the circular rings of radial teeth on the face wheel.

page_text: Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, I will proceed more.fully
to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a machine constructed according to
the said Invention; Figure 2 is a side elevation thereof, partly in section;
Figure 3 shows a plan; and Figure 4 shows a front elevation.
a, a, is the
framing of the machine; b is the fly wheel with the knives or cutters c, c,
fixed to the arms in the ordinary manner; d is the driving shaft, which is at
right angles to the axes of the feed rollers, and when the machine is to be
worked by hand, a handle is fixed, as heretofore, to the fly wheel. The
machine shown in the Drawings is intended to be driven by power. On the
shaft d is a pinion e which is capable of sliding thereon so as to gear with either
of the circles or rings of radial teeth on the face wheel f, which turns on a fixed
stud or axis at the side of the trough g of the machine. The boss or nave of
the pinion e is made with a groove all round it, which is embraced or partly
embraced by the end of the sliding bar h, which is capable of being retained
in suitable positions to retain the pinion e securely when at work, and gearing
with either of the three rings of radial teeth on the face wheel; but by sliding
the bar h, the working of the pinion e may be readily changed from one ring
or circle of teeth to another. The feed rollers are driven from the face wheel
by a pinion on its boss or nave which takes into a cog wheel on the axis of
one of the feed rollers. By this arrangement, the axis heretofore used when
employing a face wheel, and which passed from one side of the trough to the
other is dispensed with, and the face wheel is arranged to work on a fixed stud
or axis. The face wheel, it will be seen, is constructed with three circles of
radial teeth, but others may be made with more or less circles of radial teeth,
and the driving shaft crosses the centre of the shaft. When the machine is
to be driven by power, it is preferred that the driving shaft should be hollow,
having a rod through it, in order to move part of the clutch box; i is a hori-
zontal lever, which is constantly pressed on by a weighted cord j tending to
keep the sliding clutch box in gear with the fixed clutch box k, and the lever i
is so arranged that when it is moved to stop the machinery by sliding the
clutch box, it acts on the lever / by a connecting rod m. The other end of
the lever has a suitable surface applied thereto to offer friction to the
periphery of the fly wheel when pressed against, by which arrangement, in
addition to throwing off the power, friction will be simultaneously applied to
stop the fly wheel.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I would have it understood that I make no claim to any of
the mechanical parts separately, but what I claim is the combination herein
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Warren, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
JOSEPH WARREN. (L.s.)