matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Musgrave and Peter Chell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th May 1876.
JOSEPHI MUSGRAVE, of the Globe Iron Works, Bolton, in the County of Lancaster,
and PETER CHELL, of the same Place, Engineer. " CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM ENGINES."
Our Invention consists in an improved arrangement of parts for actuating the
cut-off valves of steam engines. The front or lifting rod is raised by a tappet as
usual, and to this rod is connected the lifter, which acts on a spring catch fixed to
the spindle of the cut-off valve. The governor is connected as usual to a lever
jointed to the valve spindle, and to this lever is fixed a tappet which acts on the
spring catch. By this means the valve spindle is released from the lifter sooner
or later according to the position of the governor balls or the load on the engine.
As soon as the valve spindle is released the valve is closed by an air compressing
cylinder of the ordinary construction or by other suitable means.
The above arrangement is very simple, and it can be applied with facility to
existing steam engines.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENING THE SOLES OF BOOTS AND SHOES, AND UNITING PIECES OF LEATHER, CLOTH, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS ARTICLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Morgan at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st July 1876. A communication from
abroad by George Valentine Sheffield, John Fanning, and Frederick William
Kalbfliesch, of Brooklyn, King's County, and State of New York, United
States of America.
THOMAS MORGAN, Secretary of the Inventors' Patent Right Association, Limited,
21, Cockspur Street, Charing Cross, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FASTENING THE SOLES OF BOOTS AND SHOES, AND UNITING PIECES OF LEATHER,
CLOTH, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS ARTICLES." A communication from abroad by
George Valentine Sheffield, John Fanning, and Frederick William Kalbfliesch, of
Brooklyn, King's County, and State of New York, United States of America.
This Invention consists of a new method of uniting leather and other like articles,
also fastening the soles of boots and shoes, by looping an under thread through a
loop of a needle thread and drawing the under thread loop up to the surface of the
pieces being united by the needle thread, thus quadrupling the lower thread in the
work and binding the same by the upper thread, and connecting these quadrupled
threads from hole to hole, a thread on each side of the work.
The method is mainly designed for uniting boot and shoe soles with waxed
threads, which, by so doubling in the work and securing by the wax, makes a
fastening of superior strength.
As an illustration of how the Invention is carried into effect I take two pieces of
leather which are to be sewn together, a needle for inserting the upper and needle
thread, the latter to be inserted in the ordinary way makes a loop on the under
side of the work, in which an under tbread is looped by a hook or any approved
device, which, after drawing through the loop of under thread, will release said loop
to be drawn up by the needle thread, or will, as is the case with the hook, move
back with the loop till it arrives at the surface of the work at the hole, and then
release it and stand ready for entering the next loop. This loop of the upper thread
draws back flush with the upper surface of the work, and thus again doubles said
loop of under thread and draws it up tight, locking it on the upper side. The
needle and hook should be operated upon by the mechanism of a sewing machine of
any suitable kind.
MENTS IN FURNACE DOORS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Stratford at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th August 1876.
WILLIAM STRATFORD, of Leyton, in the County of Essex, Engineer.
MENTS IN FURNACE DOORS."
"IMPROVE-
This Invention has for its object improvements in furnace doors.
When fresh fuel is supplied to a furnace fire a considerable quantity of smoke is
usually emitted, a large proportion of which passes away unconsumed; even when
additional air is admitted to supply oxygen for effecting the combustion of the
smoke, it happens that much unconsumed carbon is still carried off, the course of
the inflowing currents of air being generally directly towards the flue leading to the
chimney, so that the air admitted tends to accellerate the escape of large volumes of
smoke; moreover by the admission of cold air in bulk the fire is often unduly
cooled or damped. Now my Invention is designed to obviate these objections, and
to economise fuel by providing in the construction of the furnace door for the
regulated admission of currents of warm air in a manner tending to prevent the
escape of combustible gases and carbonaceous particles, and to ensure perfect com-
bustion thereof without the loss due to the cooling or damping of the fire, which
results from the sudden admission of perfectly cold air. For this purpose my
improved door is constructed as follows-For the greater part of its area the door
is made double; thus between the inner and outer sides of the door there is left a
chamber; this chamber is closed in at its top, its bottom, and one end, at the other
end it is open to the external atmosphere. Wire gauze or a perforated cover may
be applied to the open end
Through the inner side of the door towards the closed end of the chamber I form
a number of slots or holes which establish communication between the interior of
the door chamber and the fire-place; these slots or holes are designed to admit air
in regulated quantities to the fire, each slot or hole is provided with a valve, and
the several valves are connected together so as to operate in unison. The air enters
the chamber at its open end and on its way to the slots or holes is warmed by
contact with the unperforated portion of the inner side of the door. The air is
guided in separate currents or streams to the respective slots or holes by curved
guide plates or divisions which serve to deflect the currents or streams of air. The
[Price 2d]

page_text: valves are likewise arranged to act to some extent as guides or deflectors operating
in conjunction with the sides of the slots or holes, which are bevelled or curved so
as to direct the inflowing currents or streams of warm air diagonally or angularly
over and across the fire. The first slot or hole need not be provided with a separate
guide plate or division, as its valve may be made to suffice for deflecting the 5
requisite proportion of air through it.
The valves may be operated by hand or by self-acting apparatus connected
therewith for the purpose of opening and closing them as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PULLEYS USED FOR RICK COVERS, VENTILATORS, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Bernard McEvoy, of Greet, near Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PULLEYS USED FOR RICK COVERS, VENTILATORS, AND OTHER PURPOSES.”
ed the 28th July 1876, and dated the 29th January 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Bernard McEvoy at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th January 1876.
BERNARD McEvoy, of Greet, near Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PULLEYS USED FOR RICK COVERS, VENTILATORS,
AND OTHER PURPOSES."
My Invention relates to a method of attaching the pulley or sheave to the plate
or screw, by which it is affixed in such a manner that it is capable of being operated
in various directions.
In the pulleys ordinarily used for the purposes mentioned in the title of my
Invention the sheave or pulley works between two fixed cheeks, and is capable of
carrying the line or cord used in one direction or plane only, so that if this is
departed from the cord becomes abraded against the said cheeks and thereby great
friction is created.
My Invention obviates this difficulty in the following manner:-I attach the
pully or sheave to a carrying frame consisting of a pair of checks of suitable form
terminating in an eye. By means of this eye the said frame swings loosely on a
shaped or circular loop of iron or other suitable metal, which loop is firmly
attached to the plate by which the pulley is affixed to its support; or the eye of
the carrying fraune may swing on a second eye terminating in a screw. In either
case the pulley thus constructed is capable of being operated easily from many
points and in many planes or directions; or the same end may be secured by
suspending the pulley to a ball-and-socket joint of suitable construction.

page_text: Figure 1 is a side view of my improved pulley; Fig. 2 is an end view of the
Eame; Fig. 3 represents the same as attached to an eye terminating in a screw for
fixing to woodwork, &c.
The sole plate a, a, may be of wrought or cast iron or other suitable metal. In
Figs. 1 and 2 it is shewn of wrought iron with the D shaped loop b attached to it
by rivetting. In Figure 4 it is shewn of wrought iron with the D shaped loop
attached by the ends of the same being passed through it and bent over.
The sole plate may also be made of cast iron, a suitable section for which is
shewn by Fig. 6; Figure 7 is a top view or plan of the sole plate with the D shaped
loop attached. The said plate however may be made of any convenient form.
Figure 8 is a side view of my improved pulley as arranged with a ball-and-socket
joint. The carrying frame c terminates in a ball d which is capable of moving
easily about in the socket plate e, c.
In witness whereof, I, the said Bernard McEvoy, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
BERNARD MCEVOY. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKING APPARATUS FOR RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Dugald Drummond at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd October 1876.
DUGALD DRUMMOND, of Cowlairs, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKING APPARATUS FOR RAILWAY TRAINS."
This Invention has for its object to modify railway train braking apparatus of
the kind sometimes termed "continuous," and which generally acts on all the
carriages of a train, so as whilst providing a sufficiently powerful means of con-
trolling and actuating it, to avoid the complication and inconvenience of pipe
connections between the carriages, and of repetitions of valvular and other mechanism
for each carriage.
In carrying out the Invention the brakes on the several carriages may be
arranged according to any suitable known system in use so as to be operated by
means of chains, wire ropes, or rods connected throughout the train; but instead of
such chains, ropes, or rods being acted on (solely) by hand gear in the guard's van,
they are connected to the piston rod or rods of one or more cylinders placed on the
engine or tender, or on a special carriage, and when the brakes are to be applied it
is done by admitting to the cylinder or cylinders steam from the boiler through a
pipe with a controlling valve; or by similarly admitting air from a reservoir of
compressed air, the air being compressed by a pump worked either by a donkey
engine or from one of the axles.
The improved apparatus can be applied at little cost to carriages already fitted
with suitable brake mechanism, and it may be made capable of being operated by
hand gear in a brake or guard's van at the rear of the train, so that in the event of
a train becoming divided the rear part can be braked by the guard.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FOUNTAIN PENS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th February 1876. A communication
from abroad by Léon Fargue, of Paris, France.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middle-
sex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FOUNTAIN PENS."
This improved reservoir or fountain pen which is illustrated in Figure 1 of the
accompanying Drawing, is so arranged as to ensure a continual supply of ink to tho
pen nib. It is composed of a tube a, Figure 2, open at the ends, and provided with
an opening d. Within tube a is placed a second tube b of india-rubber or other
flexible material closed at one end by a plug e, Figure 4, and at the other by some
spongy or porous substance 2. To tube 6 is affixed a clip or barrel c, Figure 3,
which holds the nib.
In order to fill the reservoir with ink the plug e is turned round, whereby the
flexible tube b is twisted, and the air contained partly expelled. By dipping the
opposite end of tube b in the ink, the latter will be drawn or forced into the tube
upon the untwisting of the latter.
In writing a slight pressure of the finger on the part of the tube b exposed at d
suffices to make the ink flow to the pen p; f, Figure 5, is a pen guard or clip, filled
with sponge n coiled around a rod o attached to a plug m, the object being to
keep the pen constantly moist and prevent it becoming clogged. The sponge
may be replaced by a small tube g, Figure 6, closed at both ends by some spongy
material h, h, filled with a substance %, which with water is capable of producing
ink.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RINGS, SLIDES, OR FASTENINGS FOR SCARFS, VICTORINES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES OF DRESS."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lionel Cohen Spiers at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st February 1876.
LIONEL COHEN SPIERS, of the Firm of D. and L. Spiers, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Manufacturing Jewellers. IMPROVEMENTS IN RINGS,
SLIDES, OR FASTENINGS FOR SCARFS, VICTORINES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES OF
DRESS."
My Invention consists in constructing and arranging the parts of the said rings,.
slides, or fastenings in the manner herein-after described; the object of my said
Invention being to securely fasten the scarf or other like article of dress, and at the
same time to make the holding or clipping parts of the ring, slide, or fastening self-
adjusting, so that they will readily accommodate themslves to different thicknesses
of scarfs or other like articles of dress.
In constructing a scarf ring, or slide, or fastening according to my Invention, I
take an elliptical ring or band of metal, and within the said ring or band I joint two
curved arms, the said arms being pressed into their closed or collapsed position by
a spring. The said spring-curved arms constitute a clip, which is capable of
expanding and contracting to suit the thickness or bulk of the scarf or article to be
fastened by it. When closed the free or unjointed ends of the curved arms of the
clip touch each other, and when opened out or expanded the said arins of the clip
approach more or less the ends of the elliptical ring or band. The said spring arms
of the clip are jointed to a box, and the latter is soldered to the inside face of one of
the longer sides of the elliptical ring or band. A heel beyond the joint of each arm
projects into the said box, and the said heels are acted upon by a coiled spring
situated in the said box and between the said heels. By the pressure of the said
spring the arms of the spring clip are forced when at liberty to move into their
closed or collapsed position.
In using the scarfring or slide the ends of the scarf are passed through the spring
clip within the elliptical ring or band, and the said ring or band is drawn to the
required distance on the scarf. The arms of the spring clip are thereby expanded,
and by the pressure of the spring they grasp or clip the two parts of the scarf very
firmly and fasten the said scarf, the arms of the said spring clip expanding more or

page_text: less so as to accommodate themselves to the thickness of the scarf, but at the same
time maintaining a firm grip on the scarf.
My Invention is applicable to the fastening of all such articles of dress as are or
may be fastened together by the sliding of a ring or band upon them after the
manner of a scarf ring or slide.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS, SUCH INVENTION BEING PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE FOR COMMUNICATING BETWEEN PASSENGERS, GUARDS, AND DRIVER, ALSO FOR A DANGER SIGNAL REQUIRED ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Robinson at the Office of the
Commisioners of Patents on the 26th February 1876.
JOHN RORINSON, of Bradford, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS, SUCH INVENTION
BEING PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE FOR COMMUNICATING BETWEEN PASSENGERS,
GUARDS, AND DRIVER, ALSO FOR A DANGER SIGNAL REQUIRED ON RAILWAYS."
My Invention consists of an arrangement of signal applicable more particularly
to trains in motion, and serves its purpose of communication between passengers,
guards, and driver, either in open country in day or night time, also in tunnels and
in foggy weather. Each carriage is provided with my apparatus which is as herein-
after described.
In my arrangement I provide an indicator on each side of the carriage which is
of a similar arrangement only on a smaller scale as the ordinary semaphore, this is
actuated from the interior of the carriage by the passenger or passengers pulling a
handle which is connected with the signal arm by a bell-cranked lever arrange-
ment or its equivalent; the pulling of the handle causes the signal or semaphore to
stand out from the bracket or carrier which supports it. By a suitable catch
arrangement in connection with the arm or semaphore the passenger or passengers
in the interior of the carriage cannot lower the arm or semaphore after it has once
been raised; this is done by the guard or other person appointed for the purpose
by means of a suitable key.
In connection with the signal arm arrangement or semaphore I provide a bell
arrangement which calls the attention of the driver and guard, and other passengers
to the particular carriage, which is readily done by the projecting arm or semaphore.
In addition to the above-mentioned arrangements I provide a lamp on each
carriage, the light of which is actuated or ignited simultaneously with the lifting of
the arm or semaphore and the ringing of the bell. This light may be an electric
or other convenient arrangement of chemical compounds, which when brought
together or struck causes a light which may either be intermittent or continuous.
The above combination of signal and apparatus are fitted very rigidly so that
none of the parts can operate without being pulled from the interior of the carriage.
The apparatus in each carriage may also be connected with the guard's van and
engine driver.

page_text: The above arrangement of signal is applicable to goods trains as well as passenger
trains, especially during the operation of shunting. In this case the arm or sema-
phore is not required.
The lamp bell and arm or semaphore may also be applied to signal boxes for the
purpose of giving the necessary signal when the ordinary signal by any means
becomes unworkable.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES.
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Gibson Bussey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd February 1876.
GEORGE GIBSON BUSSEY, of Museum Works, Rye Lane, Peckham, Surrey. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES.".
The object of this Invention is to enable the skater to describe curves or circles
by the mere horizontal inclination of the foot without having recourse to any
lateral oscillating pressure whatever, and which I accomplish by the following
arrangement or their mechanical equivalent.
Under the sole or stock of the skate I place a longitudinal bar or lever pivoted
to the sole at or near the centre and free to turn on its axis; at each end of this
bar I pivot the vertical axes of the frames which carry the rollers, which axes are
also free to inove to the ends of the axes after they have passed through the holes
in which they pivot. I attach a short arm (which may be an integral part of the
axis) so as to convert each end of the bar into a short link motion; one end of the
short arm being attached to the vertical axes as described, and the other end is
slotted so as to work on a pin fitted to the sole; or the pin may be on the arm and
the slot in the sole. The motion thus produced may be called a double link traverse
to-and-fro motion, which causes the wheels or rollers to converge by the simple
inward or outward horizontal inclination of the foot.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR BREWING AND FERMENTING MALT AND OTHER LIKE LIQUORS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Simpson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st August 1876.
ROBERT SIMPSON, of Barrie, in the County of Simcoe, in the Province of Ontario,
Canada, Brewer, at present residing at 60, Borough Road, in the County of Surrey.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR BREWING AND FERMENTING
MALT AND OTHER LIKE LIQUORS."
The object of my Invention is improvements in brewing and fermenting malt
and other liquors and in apparatus for that purpose, and it consists in facilitating
the fermentation and final separation of the yeast from the liquor under fermen-
tation, thereby not only more effectually preventing acidity, but avoiding the
yeasty flavour which is frequently found in malt liquors.
I accomplish this object by introducing hot or cold water by the apparatus
herein-after described, according to the temperature of the liquor.
The apparatus before mentioned consists of coolers with a coil or coils of pipes
regulating the temperature of the liquor with hot or cold water, thereby bringing
about a more ready separation of the yeast and beer which has not been effected
by any other means hitherto adopted.
By the above means I obtain greater preservative properties, and a more uniform
brilliant appearance in the liquors.
IMPROVED PORTABLE SEAT AND COMBINATION OF APPARATUS FOR USE BY TRAVELLERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Piene Marty at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th May 1876.
"AN
PIERRE MARTY, of Boulevard Saint Denis, No. 1, at Paris, Architect.
IMPROVED PORTABLE SEAT AND COMBINATION OF APPARATUS FOR USE BY
TRAVELLERS."
The object of this Invention is to provide a portable and comfortable seat with
moveable arms, and containing compartments arranged in the interior thereof for
provisions, linen, and other necessaries for travelling purposes capable of being
folded into a small compass and strapped up so that it can be carried as a travelling
bag.
The cushion is composed of a wooden frame, having on the upper part of each of
its two sides an india-rubber tube or roll filled with either sawdust, loam, or other
suitable material. Parallel with one of the vertical sides is fixed a set screw which
will serve to give the proper tension to two straps which carry a cushion suitably
stuffed and covered. Under each of the corners of this seat there are fixed plates
covering or on the top of india-rubber blocks so as to guard against concussions,
and the under part opens so as to form a travelling bag where different toilet
articles can be placed, this part being locked with a key or with a strap according
to the desire of the traveller.
The back is fixed to the seat by means of two straps attached in the interior of
the latter, and consists of a wooden frame covered with a cushion, and provided at
its upper edge longitudinally with an india-rubber roll which will counteract
violent concussions, and in the back is formed a cavity which may serve as a
receptacle for provisions, this receptacle consisting of a hinged metal plate forming
a half frame and covered with leather or cloth.
To close this bag effectually a strap is fixed at the upper part which passes
through the iron plate, and is connected to another strap fixed to the inside of the
seat, where it can be locked, and thus prevent its being opened by any other
person than the proprietor.

page_text: To the back are fixed by means of hinges two arms suitably stuffed and kept in
position by a strut capable of being folded towards the interior of the seat so as to
facilitate the packing up.
Amongst other necessaries a footstool and hot water bottle for cold weather and
a rug will form a part of the fittings. It will be seen that this apparatus is
especially advantageous for travellers in third-class uncushioned carriages.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FOLDING CARRIAGE STEPS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Startin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th November 1876.
THOMAS STARTIN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Coach Builder.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FOLDING CARRIAGE STEPS."
My Invention has reference to folding carriage steps for carriages of the kinds
called stanhopes, wagonettes, four-wheel dog carts, and generally such carriages as
require a person entering them to step over one of the wheels of the carriage;
folding steps are commonly known as ladies' steps.
such
My Invention consists of the combination or arrangement of the parts of a folding
carriage step herein-after described, whereby a folding carriage step is produced
which when not in use is in great part situated out of sight under the carriage, and
which when required to be used is drawn out from under the carriage and unfolded,
the unfolding of the step as herein-after more particularly explained forming a bridge
over the wheel in addition to the required steps.
To the under side of the carriage a frame is secured, in which frame a horizontal
framed slide works, the said slide having at its inner ends stops which preserve its
horizontal position and limit its range of motion. This framed slide consists
essentially of two parallel bars of iron of the kind of which the framing of the
folding carriage steps is usually made, firmly connected together by cross bars. The
front or outer ends of these parallel bars, and consequently the front or outer end of
the platform which is formed by the connected cross bars, are in a plane some two
inches higher than that in which the inner or rear part of the said frame is situated,
the side bars being cranked upwards a few inches from their front ends in order to
raise the platform at their front ends. To the extreme front ends of these cranked
bars the folding carriage step is jointed, the folding step resembling the ordinary
folding step, excepting that the upper part of it which is jointed directly to the
cranked slide has a figure corresponding to the cranked slide, so that when the step
is folded up the said upper part fits upon the cranked slide and the other portions
of the folded step fit in the inner part of the said upper part.
In using a folding step made according to my Invention it is first drawn out
from under the carriage, by which its cranked and raised front platform is brought
immediately over the wheel; the folding step is then unfolded on the outer side of
Price 2d1

page_text: the wheel, the front cranked part of the slide carrying the folding step constituting
a bridge over the wheel. When the step is not required to be used it is first folded
up, then turned on to the cranked slide, and the latter with the folded step passed
by a sliding motion under the carriage. In this case the protruding raised end of
the slide constitutes a step a little higher than the wheel, and a little lower than 5
the floor of the carriage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF BREAKES FOR RAILWAY TRUCKS AND WAGGONS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Augustus Arnold Schlesinger at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th September 1876.
AUGUSTUS ARNOLD SCHLESINGER, of Number 5, Duncan Terrace, City Rond, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF BREAKES
FOR RAILWAY TRUCKS AND WAGGONS."
It consists of a means for preventing the running backwards of railway trucks
and waggons in case of the couplings breaking or becoming detached on inclines
especially. I accomplish this result by fastening a ratchett or toothed wheel near
the ends of each axle immediately behind the springs; a tooth or pawl acts in
conjunction with each ratchett, consequently while the ratchett is revolved by the
axle one way or direction the tooth or pawl does not check it; but directly the
ratchett revolves the direction the teeth are set the tooth or pawl comes into gear
and prevents the ratchett proceeding further in the same direction, & therefore the
axle to which the ratchett is firmly fixed is brought to a standstill, & thus the
truck is prevented running backwards. To obviate the necessity of turning the
truck or waggon round at the end of a journey I set the teeth of the two ratchetts
on one side of the truck in an opposite direction to those on the other; I fix the
four teeth or pawls on a movable frame or other convenient bearing, so that when
a lever which is attached to the frame or bearing is moved it throws the two pawls
or teeth on one side of the truck or waggon into gear, and the two pawls or teeth
on the other side of the truck or waggon out of gear, thus enabling the truck to
travel on the return journey but preventing the backward motion; where a back-
ward motion is required, as in shuriting for example, the teeth or pawls on one side
of the truck have merely to be thrown out of gear by moving the lever; the teeth
or ratchetts can also be fixed so that the lever only acts on the two teeth or pawls
fixed on one side of the truck or waggon; but the lever acting on the four pawls at
once is the better plan, as in the other it requires two handles or levers to be
moved.
Having described my Invention, what-I claim as new is,-
1st. The application of ratchetts or toothed wheels fixed on the axle wheel or
other suitable part of a railway truck or waggon, which, when checked, stopped, or
acted upon by teeth or pawls or other checking or stopping contrivance, act as

page_text: a breaking power to the said truck or waggon by preventing the axles or wheels
revolving.
-
2nd. The moving of two or more of the teeth or pawls at the same moment by
the mere movement of one handle or lever.
3rd. The connecting together of two or more teeth or pawls by rods, slides, or
levers, so that two or more teeth or levers move simultaneously, otherwise it would
require a lever or handle to each pawl or tooth.
LM- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TWO-WHEELED VEHICLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Robert Yule at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st December 1876.
JAMES ROBERT YULE, of 90, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex. "LM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TWO-WHEELED VEHICLES."
I make the body of the vehicle of wood or other material, but preferably of wood,
of any suitable length and width, having one or more windows on each side and
front, also one in doorway. I place the seat for the driver in front on the top, and
the door for admission to or exit from the interior of the vehicle I place at the back,
the same to be fixed on hinges in the usual manner, or to open and shut by sliding
sideways. Inside and at the back of the vehicle I place two seats, that is to say,
one seat on each side of the door, each seating one person to sit facing each other.
Also inside I place a scat the whole length of the interior width to seat two persons
with their backs towards the horse and facing the door. Just underneath this seat,
and leaving both horizontally and vertically only such thickness of material as
necessary strength may demand, I cut away the body of the vehicle in its entire
width, thus allowing the axle to pass underneath the front seat and be fixed in the
usual manner, and at the same time making the vehicle much lighter both in
appearance and draught. I connect the axle to the body of the vehicle by means
of springs, preferably of a C spring, on cach side of the vehicle. I connect the
shaft in any suitable manner to the body of the vehicle, and for the purpose of
increased strength I fix a wrought iron curved rod between the shaft a short
distance from the vehicle and the vehicle at a point where the cutting away of the
body of the vehicle commences, that is to say, just under or at the edge of the
front seat, or thereabouts, the said curved rod being continued to within a few inches
of the roadway, and thus in the case of the horse stumbling the bottom of the
curved rod will by coming in contact with the ground prevents the driver and
passengers from falling off their seats.
The advantages of this Invention are,-
First. The construction of a light two-wheeled vehicle to carry four passengers
inside.
Second. Affording the same accommodation as ordinary four-wheeled vehicles
without the greater weight and cost of construction of these latter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Spence at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st July 1876. A communication from
abroad by Enrico Schoch and Rudolfo Ganz, both of Zürich, Switzerland,
Engineers.
WILLIAM SPENCE, of 8, Quality Court, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO CARDING
ENGINES," A communication from abroad by Enrico Schoch and Rudolfo Ganz,
both of Zürich, Switzerland, Engineers.
This Invention consists in the adaptation and application to the main cylinder
of a carding engine of a revolving brush or cleaner for the purpose of cleaning the
cylinder while at work.
Along the circumference of the roller brushes are fixed in ranges in such a
manner that intervals are left between two following ones. These ranges may be
set either in lines parallel with the axis of the roller, or in helical lines around the
same. The wires of the said brushes instead of being hooked or bent as usual are
straight and radial in relation to the centre of the roller, and are by preference
made of steel wire of about No. 24 wire gauge, and so arranged as to give only
about thirty points to a square inch. By placing the brushes at intervals, and their
wires proportionably apart, the improved cleaning roller can be set so near to the
main cylinder that the straight teeth of the same overreach when working the
knee of the ordinary bent cards without putting too much strain on the engine
or injuring the carding in any degree. The said cleaning roller receives from the
gearing of the carding engine a rotary motion in the direction contrary to that of
the main cylinder, and is driven at a much higher speed, thereby clearing from the
cards of the main cylinder all dirt and clinging substance so effectually as to dis-
pense with the necessity of all other brushing and cleaning. The said cleaning
roller is placed under the "licker in" and enclosed within a casing joined to that
round the lower part of the main cylinder, a portion of which casing is formed
by a grating or open sieve through which dirt and waste can pass out but which
retains the fibrous matter, and other portions of the said casing are made as doors
to turn on hinges and allow of the grating being cleared as required.
IM- PROVED STOCKS OR HOLDERS FOR HOLDING TOOLS OR CUTTERS USED IN LATHES, PLANING AND SHAPING MACHINES, AND IN ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF MACHINERY COMMONLY CALLED MACHINE TOOLS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Lynam at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th January 1876.
JAMES LYNAM, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
« IM-
PROVED STOCKS OR HOLDERS FOR HOLDING TOOLS OR CUTTERS USED IN LATHES,
PLANING AND SHAPING MACHINES, AND IN ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF MACHINERY
COMMONLY CALLED MACHINE TOOLS,"
This Invention relates to stocks or holders for holding tools or cutters, and
consists in certain improvements for enabling the said tools or cutters to be held
moro firmly than they can be held in any stock or holder hitherto made.
At present the small tools or cutters after being adjusted to their proper
positions, are held by the front ends of one or more screws, and this method is
generally sufliciently efficient for tools or cutters of a medium degree of hardness or
temper, but for tools of extreme hardness capable of turning or boring the hardest
cast iron the ordinary fastening screws have not been able to prevent the tools or
cutters from receding from their work, and it is to overcome this defect that is the
object of my Invention.
My Invention consists in forming the front end of the stock or holder as a
circular clip, there being a separate part fitted to the body of the stock or holder,
and both the separate part and body of the stock are held together by one or more
bolts, which when the tool or cutter is placed in position are screwed up tight to
hold it so that it is incapable of receding from its work.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS OR LANTERNS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isabella Ann Spackman, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th January 1876.
ISABELLA ANN SPACKMAN, of 20, Loraine Place, Holloway, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS OR LANTERNS."
A reflector or radiator, having a hole in its centre, is placed in the inside of the
lantern, in a horizontal position, and at a suitable height above the burner. This
reflector or radiator may be either flat, convex, or concave, cr of any other suitable
form. Beneath the reflector or radiator above described is placed a glass, which I
call a dome, but which may be of hemispherical, conical, bell, funnel, or any other
suitable form. In the top of this dome is a hole, from which a chimney is carried,
passing through the hole in the reflector or radiator, and through the top of the
lantern. The dome and chimney may be made either separately or in one.
The chimney may be protected from down draught in any suitable way.
The reflector, dome, and chimney are held in position, and contact of the reflector
with the dome and chimney may be prevented, and the lamp or lantern may be
ventilated by well-known mechanical means.
The burner may be of the description now ordinarily used in street lamps or of
any other suitable description, but these improvements do not require the argand
burner to be used.
The improvements above described are applicable to lamps or lanterns of various
forms and sizes, and will for practical purposes largely increase the amount of light
obtained from a given consumption of gas, by reflecting the light downwards, instead
of allowing it to escape into the upper atmosphere.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO TABLE OR DESSERT SPOONS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Whitehead, James Bolt, and
William Weeder at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th
May 1876.
WILLIAM WHITEHEAD, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, JAMES BOLT, and
WILLIAM WEEDER, all of Halifax, in the County of York. IMPROVEMENTS IN
AND APPLICABLE TO TABLE OR DESSERT SPOONS."
"
Our Invention consists in making table or dessert spoons with a moustache
guard" formed or combined with them in such manner that the said "guard" is
capable of being thoroughly cleaned, and this we effect by having it to stand up
at such a suitable angle from the "bowl" of the spoon as is convenient for use,
and to prevent the soup or other ingredients from coming in contact with the
front surface of the "guard," and the under side or back of the "guard" is by this
incans as easily cleaned as the front side, which has not been the case in spoons
heretofore constructed with fixed "guards," as they have been made flat, the under
side thereby could not be cleaned as desirable, and which has been a great objection.
And we make the "guard" by preference so that it does not extend the whole
length of the "bowl" of the spoon, but rather short of the end or front, so that the
spoon can be filled there if desirable, and at the same time the "guard" is free on
the front side from contact with the soup or ingredients used.
»
Another method or manner we employ is by having the moustache "guard'
movable, and connecting it to the spoons by hinging or jointing it in some portion
of the handle in such manner that by the operation of the user (and the connec-
tions are so arranged that this is very easily and readily effected) the "guard" will
move or recede a sufficient distance so as not to interfere with the filling of the
spoon, the user bringing back the guard to its proper position when about to
partake of the contents of the spoon. A pin or stop piece is provided when
necessary to prevent the "guard" from working or moving beyond the frontal line or
curve of the spoon. The movement of the "guard" may be effected by means of the
connection for working it being either above or on the top of the handle of the
spoon or underneath, or as most convenient. The said movable "guards" are
applicable to and can readily be attached to the spoons now in use.
It will be readily seen that by the use of spoons constructed according to our
Invention the great annoyance and unpleasant fact of the moustache becoming
saturated with soup or other ingredients of a liquid nature usually partaken of
Price 21

page_text: consequent upon the use of the ordinary spoons now in use is entirely avoided, as
the "guard" by being raised and inclined at a suitable angle prevents the soup or
other ingredients from getting on to the front surface, which they have been liable
to do heretofore.
By our Invention cleanliness and comfort is realised instead.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Morgan at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd November 1876.
"
WILLIAM MORGAN, of Hyde, in the County of Chester. IMPROVEMENTS IN
HATS."
The object of this Invention is to add to the utility and convenience of a hat
by providing a pocket therein for the reception of railway tickets, whereby much
time and trouble will be saved, as the wearer will always know exactly where to
find his railway ticket when required to show or deliver it up, instead of having to
search in perhaps two or three pockets before finding it. In a convenient part
inside, and by preference just inside the leather lining of the same, I fix a small
pocket of leather or other suitable material, having a slit or opening therein of a
suitable size to receive a railway ticket, and of such a depth that at least one-third
of the ticket shall project therefrom.
It will be evident that when a railway ticket has been inserted in this pocket
the wearer can at any time, by merely removing his hat, show his ticket, and when
required to deliver it up, he has no difficulty either in finding it or in extracting it
from the pocket.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUSTLES OR DRESS IMPROVERS FOR LADIES' WEAR
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Badcock, of the Firm James Badcock and Son, of
Westmoreland Buildings, Aldersgate Street, in the City of London, Skirt and
Ladies' Underclothing Manufacturers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BUSTLES OR DRESS IMPROVERS FOR LADIES' WEAR."
Sealed the 18th July 1876, and dated the 19th January 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Badcock at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th January 1876.
JAMES BADCOCK, of the Firm James Badcock and Son, of Westmoreland Buildings,
Aldersgate Street, in the City of London, Skirt and Ladies' Underclothing Manu-
facturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUSTLES OR DRESS IMPROVERS FOR LADIES' WEAR."
This Invention relates to improvements in bustles or dress improvers for ladies'
wear, and consists in attaching strips of cane, vulcanite or ebonite, or prepared horn
in or to the foundation forming the body or bridge of the bustle which lifts the
dress from the back so as to give grace thereto.
The strips are arranged in a manner capable of giving the greatest pliability or
yield without causing inconvenience, and to rebound or to return to the normal
position on the removal of pressure. They may be woven, sewn, or plaited, or
inserted in any way into the material for forming the shape or dome of the bustle.
I am aware that strips of steel have already been used in like manner, but cane,
ebonite, or horn is preferable, inasmuch as it is lighter and not attended with any
danger which is a great objection to steel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO SKATING RINKS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Anthony Stevenson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd March 1876.
ANTHONY STEVENSON, of Chester, in the County of Chester. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OR APPLICABLE TO SKATING RINKS."
This Invention consists chiefly in apparatus for teaching skating without the
numerous falls usually incidental to learning the art, it is however useful also to
experts, and will be found highly gratifying to the pleasure seeker, whether adept
skater or otherwise; it consists,-
1st. In arranging a rope or ropes or other attachments suspended from the roof
of the rink or other support. These ropes can be arranged in the more central or
less used portion of the rink above the heads of the skaters, so that a person can
reach up and catch them with his hand.
2nd. In arranging a rope or ropes something after the fashion of a merry go
round, so that skaters can use them in company.
3rd. Another mode of working my Invention is as follows: -Above the rink I
suspend a rail, preferably of tee iron, though other shapes will answer, and below
this I paint a course on the rink so as to guide the skater in his endeavour to keep
immediately under the T iron rails. Pulleys on this T iron support ropes or rods
for the skater to hold on by. An endless belt going round above the T iron drives
the pulley if desirable. The T iron is usually inverted and suspended by the
central rib. The T iron need not pursue any particular curve, but can be arranged
in any desired way to suit the motions of the skater. Two pulleys, one on each
side run on the lower flanges of the T iron; these are connected by a bracket
below, having an eye or eyes in its arms, from which one or more ropes can be
suspended. If two or more ropes be used the skater can if he likes take hold with
both arms at once.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EXCAVATORS, AP- PLICABLE ALSO FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gwynne at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th June 1876.
JOHN GWYNNE, of the Firm of John and Henry Gwynne, of the Hammersmith
Ironworks, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN EXCAVATORS, AP-
PLICABLE ALSO FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention of improvements in excavators, applicable also for other purposes,
relates to an apparatus which may be used for excavating earth, et cætera, under
water or otherwise, as well as for lifting and lowering other substances.
The Invention is designed primarily to produce an efficient, cheap, and simple
excavator, which is constructed as follows:-To the lower end of a vertical rod are
hinged or jointed three arms or levers, each having rigidly attached to its outer end
a spade. The three spades are so formed as when closed to constitute a hemi-
spherical vessel.
Each of the three arms or levers is connected by a link or rod to a sliding collar
capable of reciprocating movement along the vertical rod. To the upper part of the
sliding collar are hinged or jointed a couple of arms or levers, whose upper ends are
jointed to two arms, the upper ends of which work on pins carried by brackets
projecting from the upper part of the vertical rod, so that the arms depend, and
each depending arm and the lever to which it is jointed form together a sort of
toggle arrangement.
Below the axis of and to each of the depending arms is attached a chain or rope,
by drawing up which the sliding collar is through the toggle arrangement caused to
move upward along the vertical rod, and so to open the spades, and to each of the
levers of the toggle arrangement, just below where the lever is jointed to its
corresponding depending arm, there is connected a second chain or rope, which
passes from the lever under an adjacent pulley and upwards, so that by pulling
these two chains or ropes the toggle arrangement is brought into operation in
such manner as to lower the sliding collar on the vertical rod, and so to close the
spades.
The joints at the lower end of the rod may be protected by an india-rubber bag,
so that sand and dirt will be prevented from entering, thus effecting a considerable
saving in wear and tear.