IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FENCES WHERE STRAINED WIRE OR OTHER STRAINED MATERIAL IS EMPLOYED, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE GEARING OF CRANES, WINDLASSES, AND OTHER WINDING BARRELS, AND TO OTHER GEARING
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Morgan Henry Davies, of Prince Alfred's Road,
Wavertree, Liverpool, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF FENCES WHERE STRAINED WIRE OR OTHER STRAINED
MATERIAL IS EMPLOYED, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS ALSO APPLICABLE
TO THE GEARING OF CRANES, WINDLASSES, AND OTHER WINDING BARRELS, AND
TO OTHER GEARING."
Sealed the 2nd March 1869, and dated the 11th November 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Morgan Henry Davies
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th November 1868.
I, MORGAN HENRY DAVIES, of Prince Alfred's Road, Wavertree,
Liverpool, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FENCES WHERE STRAINED WIRE OR OTHER
STRAINED MATERIAL IS EMPLOYED, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS ALSO
APPLICABLE TO THE GEARING OF CRANES, WINDLASSES, AND OTHER WINDING
BARRELS, AND TO OTHER GEARING," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of
fences where strained wire or other strained material is employed, part

page_text: of which improvements is also applicable to the gearing of cranes,
windlasses, and other winding barrels and to other gearing.
In order to strain the wires of fences I arrange the straining posts
with winders constructed in the following manner: Each winder
consists of an axis passing through the two cheeks of the post and
capable of turning therein. On one of the cheeks around the hole which
receives the axis a toothed ring is formed, or the toothed ring may be
otherwise fixed. The winding barrel has in connection with it a ring of
internal teeth; they are formed inside a flange upon the barrel. The
ring of internal teeth surrounds the fixed ring of teeth and contains an
additional tooth or teeth. The barrel is mounted upon an eccentric
formed upon
the axis on which it is able to turn, and the throw of the
eccentric is such that as it revolves it brings the internal ring of teeth
to gear with a fixed ring on every side in succession, and so at each
rotation of the axis the barrel is turned the space of one or more
convenient
any
teeth; the axis is turned by a key applied in
arrangement may be modified by fixing the internal ring of teeth to
the post and forming the exterior teeth upon the barrel. With this
arrangement of gear the barrel will, whatever the strain upon the wire,
be locked in any position into which it may be brought by rotating
the axis.
way.
The
In the arrangement above described the barrel partakes of the motion
of the eccentric; this for winding barrels, for fences, and for some other
purposes is unobjectionable, but for the winding barrels of cranes and
windlasses and for other winding barrels I prefer to modify the arrange-
ment, so that the barrel may revolve truly on its axis; this I prefer to
do by causing. the moving ring of teeth to carry in place of the winding
barrel another pinion gearing with a ring of teeth upon the barrel, the
eccentric motion carries the pinion around the ring of teeth upon the
barrel, which whilst it revolves truly is thus driven; cranks may be
substituted for eccentrics. The gearing of steering apparatus and other
gearing where a reduction of speed is required may be similarly
arranged.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Morgan Henry Davies in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 11th May 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MORGAN
HENRY DAVIES, of Prince Alfred's Road, Wavertree, Liverpool, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Morgan Henry Davies, Her special licence
that I, the said Morgan Henry Davies, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Morgan Henry Davies, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF FENCES WHERE STRAINED WIRE OR OTHER STRAINED
MATERIAL IS EMPLOYED, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO
THE GEARING OF CRANES, WINDLASSES, AND OTHER WINDING BARRELS, AND TO
OTHER GEARING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Morgan Henry Davies, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and scals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Morgan Henry Davies, do hereby.
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of
fences where strained wire or other strained material is employed, part
of which improvements is also applicable to the gearing of cranes,
windlasses, and other winding barrels and to other gearing.

page_text: In order to strain the wires of fences I arrange the straining posts
with winders constructed in the following manner: Each winder
consists of an axis passing through the two cheeks of the post and
capable of turning therein. On one of the cheeks around the hole which
receives the axis a toothed ring is formed, or the toothed ring may be
otherwise fixed. The winding barrel has in connection with it a ring of
internal teeth; they are formed inside a flange upon the barrel. The
ring of internal teeth surrounds the fixed ring of teeth, and contains an
additional tooth or teeth. The barrel is mounted upon an eccentric
formed upon the axis on which it is able to turn, and the throw of the
eccentric is such that as it revolves it brings the internal ring of teeth
to gear with the fixed ring on every side in succession, and so at each
rotation of the axis the barrel is turned the space of one or more teeth;
the axis is turned by a key applied in any convenient way. The
arrangement may be modified by fixing the internal ring of teeth to
With this
the post, and forming the exterior teeth upon the barrel.
arrangement of gear the barrel will, whatever the strain upon the wire, be
locked in any position into which it may be brought by rotating the axis.
Cranks may be substituted for eccentrics. The winding barrels of
small cranes or windlasses, and other small winding barrels, and the
gearing of steering apparatus and other gearing where a reduction of
speed is required may be similarly arranged.
And in order that my said Invention may be most fully understood
and readily carried into effect I will proceed to describe the Drawings
hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a side view of a straining post of a wire fence constructed
according to my Invention; Figure 2 is a front view of the same;
Figure 3 is a section to a larger scale of one of the winders; Figure 4 is
a section taken at the line 1, 1, Figure 3; and Figure 5 is a section taken
at the line 2, 2, Figure 3.
a, a, are the side cheeks of the cast-iron straining post, they are bored to
receive the axes b, b, each of which is adapted to receive a key or handle
at one end, and has upon it eccentrics intermediate of its length, on which
a winding barrel c is mounted so as to be able to revolve freely; c¹ is an

page_text: is sufficient to disengage one tooth, but in the act of doing so the next
tooth is engaged; then since there are five teeth in the revolving
eccentric wheel, and only four teeth in the fixed wheel, it is evident that
for each revolution of the handle the barrel makes only one-fourth of a
revolution. It is further evident that the only way in which the barrel
can be made to revolve is by turning the handle, and that if any force is
applied to the barrel itself to turn it the only effect is to force it against
the engaged tooth of the fixed pinion, which prevents it from revolving;
it is therefore locked. This property of self-locking makes it particularly
applicable to strained wire fences of all sorts. It should be noted that
when the inner wheel or pinion is fixed to the framing the outer or
surrounding wheel revolves on the eccentric in the same direction as the
spindle revolves, but when the outer or surrounding wheel is fixed to
the framing, and the inner wheel or pinion is made to revolve on the
eccentric, it does so in the opposite direction to the spindle. It should
be further observed that the speed of the barrel depends upon the
number of teeth in the fixed wheel. In the Drawings the pinion is
fixed, and the barrel therefore revolves once to four revolutions of the
handle and in the same direction as the spindle, but if the surrounding
wheel were fixed the barrel would revolve once to five revolutions of
the handle and in the opposite direction. The speed of any pair of
wheels depends upon the proportion between the throw of the eccentric
and the diameter of the fixed wheel on the pitch line. If the throw of
the eccentric is, say, half an inch, and the diameter of the fixed wheel
is, say, ten inches, the eccentric wheel will revolve once to every twenty
turns of the handle. The winding barrels of cranes, windlasses, crabs,
and other winding barrels may very advantageously be geared in this
manner, the irregularity arising from the eccentric action being suffi-
ciently small to be unobjectionable; and in these cases to facilitate the
lowering of the weight the fixed ring may be held by a brake strap,
which is slackened so as to let the ring rotate when the lowering of the
weight is desired.
A similar arrangement is also, as before mentioned, applicable to the
gearing of steering apparatus. The eccentric is on the axis of the steering
wheel, and one of the standards which carry this axis has a fixed
internal ring of teeth upon it concentric with the axis. The pinion or
ring of external teeth mounted on the eccentric has an arm upon it
descending downwards. This arm at its lower end has chains attached

page_text: to it which pass away to blocks on either side, and thence_return to the
tiller. It will be seen in this arrangement that the arm takes the place
of the barrel, and it does its work in making about a quarter of a
revolution.
What I claim is, the construction of fences where strained wire or
other strained material is employed with winding barrels mounted on
eccentrics or cranks on axes capable of being rotated by a handle or
otherwise, each such barrel having a ring of teeth upon it, which by the
motion communicated to it by the eccentric is caused to gear at every
point in the circumference of a fixed ring of teeth, and so to be slowly
rotated, as described.
I also claim gearing in a similar manner the winding barrels of cranes
and windlasses, and other winding barrels or equivalent instruments, as
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Morgan Henry Davies, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of May, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
MORGAN H. DAVIES. (L.S.)