matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES AND TRICYCLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Thomas Townsend at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th December 1880.
ISAAC THOMAS TOWNSEND, of Coventry, in the County of Warwick, Bicycle and
Tricycle Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES AND TRICYCLES."
The first part of my Invention relates to the steering of tricycles, whereby I am
enabled to avoid the liability of any sudden jerks throwing the machine aside, and
thus the safety of the rider is very much increased, besides leaving his steering
hand much more at liberty when going down hills, and at other times.
I effect this desirable object in the following manner:-In the stalk of the
steering handle I cut a hilical groove of very coarse pitch, which passes through
the nut in the end of the arm of a lever, which is hung upon a stationary bracket
fixed to the frame of the machine, the other arm of the lever being attached to the
rod which passes on to the lever of the steering wheel. Now the steering handle
stalk works on a fixed pivot, and as it is turned the lever is depressed or lifted,
which has the effect of drawing in or pushing out the other arm attached to the
steering rod. Inside the nut on the arm of the lever where the handle stalk passes
through I provide a friction roller or stud to work in the helical groove. Or I
obtain the same result by using instead of a helical groove a coarse pitched screw
containing a number of threads. There are of course numerous modes in detail of
attachment to this lever, but I prefer a nut connected to the lever by a round
neck or roller moving freely in a slot in the lever, which affords greater freedom of
action.
The second part of my Invention relates to bicycles, and is intended to provide
an easier seat for the rider. This I effect by securing to neck of the back bone
two vertical or other rods with suitable collars and adjusting screws when necessary
for attachment to the said neck. I also supply the front end of the saddle spring
with two eyes, which pass over the said rods; and underneath the saddle spring
and upon each rod 1 attach a coiled spring, upon which the front end of the saddle
spring rests, which has the effect of giving a very easy action to the saddle. These
rods may of course be forged to the neck of the backbone or may be separately
attached as described, which mode I prefer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO REGISTER AND OTHER STOVES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Sawyer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th November 1880.
JOSEPH SAWYER, of Alma Street, New North Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO REGISTER AND OTHER
STOVES."
My invention relates to improvements in and applicable to register and other
stoves, and consists in the application of a combustion box or chamber fixed at the
back of the stove and provided with a slide door or valve at the bottom. The said
combustion box or chamber is formed with openings leading to the chimney or
flue. The flue leading from the fire consists of a suitably shaped descending pipe
provided with a valve for regulating the draught. The said descending pipe is
fixed in the combustion box or chamber and extends to within a certain distance
from the bottom of the same.
By this arrangement the air is conducted through and over the fire, and the
gases and products of combustion will be conveyed to the lower part of the
combustion box or chamber where the gases and products of combustion thrown
off from the fuel will be consumed, thereby producing a comparatively smokeless
chimney.
Further, when applying my Invention to register and other stoves which have
hobs at the side thereof I adapt a cast iron plate the whole width of the stove
directly over the fire and with a flue partly cast thereon opening into the herein-
before described descending flue at the back of the stove. This plate has a round
or square hole cast therein, and is provided with a cover made to fit therein. But
for register stoves which have no hobs I prefer applying a circular, oval, or other
suitably shaped iron plate over the whole area of the fire, leaving the fire open
and free. A valve slide or door is attached to the said plate, which may be closed
when first lighting the fire to produce a quick draught and for the prevention of
smoke.
IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR NAVIGATING THE AIR." IMPROVEMENTS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Micaiah Hill at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th April 1880.
MICAIAH HILL, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick.
IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR NAVIGATING THE AIR."
IMPROVEMENTS
The Invention has for its object improvements in means for navigating the air.
For this purpose I employ a balloon whose shape is somewhat similar to that of
a fish, and whose cubical contents are sufficient to maintain the weight of the
apparatus and cargo or passengers in equilibrium in the atmosphere. Such fish
shaped balloon is provided with a car supported by netting in the usual manner,
but in addition to the car it is provided with one or more receivers filled with
highly compressed air, which latter is allowed to escape through suitable orifices
which are controlled by valves, and are so directed as to be capable of propelling
and guiding the balloon and of causing it to ascend or descend as may be required.
The balloon is also provided with a flexible tail capable of being controlled and
directed, so as to assist in directing the course of the balloon.
The compressed air is supplied to the receiver from fixed stations, and the
aeronaut is provided with an air pump to enable him to compress air on his journey
to assist the supply contained in the receiver.
The outlet orifices for the compressed air are placed at about one third the length
of the balloon from the head thereof, or at about the greatest circumference thereof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLL TOBACCO AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Thomas Lendrum at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th January 1880.
ALEXANDER THOMAS LENDRUM, of Belfast; in the County of Antrim, in Ireland,
Tobacco Manufacturer. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLL TOBACCO
AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
The object of my Invention is to dispense with the use of ropes for confining
the rolls while the tobacco is subjected to the action of the press.
Instead therefore of enclosing the rolls with coils of rope, I substitute for such
rope a series of parallel beaded rings or hoops of brass, metal, or other similar
material hinged at corresponding points of their circumference, and open at the
points diametrically opposite in order to free the roll when being placed therein or
removed therefrom. At these points the rings or hoops are provided with snugs
and keys or other ordinary mechanical contrivances by which they may be locked
or fastened together when closed.
The rings or hoops are attached together by means of slotted lugs and pins or
bolts, or are otherwise articulated or jointed so that they may be capable of
depression in correspondence with the contained tobacco when subjected to the
action of the press.
I provide each of the outer rings or hoops with an internal flange to keep the roll
in position.
The rings or hoops are pierced or perforated at intervals to permit of the escape
of any steam issuing from the roll.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RESERVOIR LAMPS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Oliver Sweeney, of Philadelphia, in the State of Penn-
sylvania, one of the United States of America, at present of No. 4, Clayton
Square, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Mariner, for an Invention of
T
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Oliver Sweeney at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th May 1880.
OLIVER SWEENEY, of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, one of the
United States of America, at present of No. 4, Clayton Square, Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Mariner. "IMPROVEMENTS IN RESERVOIR LAMPS."
My Invention relates to reservoir lamps in which the oil supply chamber is
independent of the main reservoir.
The object is to so construct a lamp as to insure the proper operation of the float
controlling the passage of oil from the main reservoir to the oil supply reservoir,
and permit the various parts of the reservoir and lamp to be readily removed from
each other for cleansing or repairs.
In a lamp constructed under my Invention the main oil reservoir has at the top
a nozzle through which oil is introduced, the said nozzle being furnished with a
cap or cover having a suitable opening or vent. Surrounding the reservoir and
extending some distance beneath the same is a casing of such size that an annular
space is formed between the sides of the casing and those of the reservoir, a
chamber intervening between the bottom of the reservoir and the casing. The said
chamber communicates through an opening with the reservoir, and through a
hollow block and one or more pipes with a lamp tube or lamp tubes provided with
a burner or burners of any convenient kind. Within the chamber is a float free
to move on a central hollow stem projecting upwards into the reservoir, and
working through openings in guides. The said stem may, if desired, be guided

page_text: beneath the float. Secured to the hollow stem is a valve, preferably formed of
cork, leather, or like material.
The operation of the lamp is as follows:-On filling the reservoir with oil a
portion of the same passes from the reservoir into the chamber beneath and thence
to the burners. The oil rises in the chamber and burners, carrying with it the
float, until the valve closes the opening leading from the reservoir to the chamber
beneath. As the oil is consumed the float falls and allows the stem and valve to
descend; air enters the chamber beneath the reservoir through the hollow stem.
When the hollow stem is raised the upper end is closed and air is prevented from
passing through it.
.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BASIC BRICKS AND FURNACE LININGS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Middleton Justice at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th March 1880. A communication
from abroad by Anton von Kerpely, of Schemnitz, in the Austro-Hungarian
Empire.
PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE, of 14, Southampton Buildings, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent, "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BASIC
BRICKS AND FURNACE LININGS." A communication from abroad by Anton von
Kerpely, of Schemnitz, in the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of basic furnace
linings and basic bricks made of lime or magnesium lime, as described in the
Patents of S. G. Thomas, No. 908, 1878, and E. Riley, No. 4780, 1878. For this
purpose I mix lime with pyroligneous acid and water. I prefer to use dolomitic
lime. I make the mixture. slowly, so that a too violent action does not take place.
I have found 25 cubic centimetres of wood vinegar, 25 of water, and 112 grammes
of lime, a good mixture. This plastic material may be used as a binding material
for lime or dolomite. I much prefer, however, to mix it with powdered dolomite
or limestone which has been treated with hydrochloric acid. Of this material
bricks may be made, which after pressure and drying are fired at an intense
white heat for some hours. I sometimes mix varying quantities of ordinary
uncalcined dolomite with the prepared material before forming it into bricks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th November 1880. A communication
from Ludwig Friedrich Rousselot, of Friedrichsdorf, in the Empire of
Germany.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitor at
Frankfort on the Main, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF HATS." A Communication from Ludwig Friedrich Rousselet,
of Friedrichsdorf, in the Empire of Germany.
My Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of hats, by which
they are rendered light, soft, and waterproof.
My improvements are as follows:-
A piece of silk stuff, thin felt, or chip is placed over the wood block and all folds,
and the like removed by the use of a hot iron. Round the corners of this piece a
strip of cloth.or linen is laid so as to hold them down, this strip having been
previously impregnated or coated with gutta percha.
The whole is now covered with a piece of gutta percha, paper, or with liquid
gutta percha, which must be firmly pressed by a damp warm sponge to ensure.
perfect adhesion.
The coating on the block is allowed to dry, and thin felt previously blocked is
drawn over it. The whole is then placed in the steaming apparatus, so that the
felt binds with the gutta percha thoroughly. This done, the iron is applied on the
outside to give a gloss and to render the binding still more complete.
When the hat is cool, it is removed from the block and a strip of gutta percha
laid round the rim, upon which a strip of silk-stuff, felt, or chip is laid and made to
adhere by the application of a hot-iron.
The forming and finishing of the hat is then completed in the usual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BANKERS' CHEQUES AND DRAFTS, AND IN BILLS AND VOUCHERS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Tom Denham at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th March 1880.
TOM DENHAM; of Law Lane, Southowram, in the Parish of Halifax, in the
County of York, Book-keeper. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BANKERS' CHEQUES AND
DRAFTS, AND IN BILLS AND VOUCHERS."
This Invention relates to improvements in bankers' cheques, drafts, bills,
vouchers, and other money orders, the object being to prevent alterations in the
amount for which such orders may have originally been drawn or payable.
As an example of a cheque from one thousand pounds to one penny, between the
cheque and its counterfoil is printed the figures 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700,
800, 900, 1000, then 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, another line for the odd
pounds, another for the shillings, and one for the pence; the whole is perforated so
that the cheque and counterfoil can be separated at the amount for which the
cheque is drawn or filled up in the ordinary way, by writing the cheque and the
counterfoil, each indicating what the exact amount was, so that if the written
amount for which cheque was drawn be afterwards altered to a larger amount, the
figures above cannot be enlarged or tampereed with, because there is but the given
number along the separate edge of the cheque.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRING ATTACHMENTS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th January 1880.
A communication from Bernhard Gründler, of Petersdorf, in the German
Empire.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. von
Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, in the German
Empire. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRING ATTACHMENTS." A communication from
Bernhard Gründler, of Petersdorf, in the German Empire.
The Invention consists in constructing a spring attachment of a number of metal
discs or cups made of varying sizes, placed in a row one on the other, and each
provided in the centre with a hole through which is passed a draw rod attached to
a hook at one end of the row, and fixed to a plate at the other, said plate being
permanently attached to the under side of an inverted disc resting with its edges
on the (largest or) lowest disc. To the (smallest or) upper disc or cup is fixed a
collar or plate through which the central draw rod passes, and to which plate are
attached two or four draw rods shackled to a lower hook. The new draw spring
can be used for a variety of purposes, such as a coupling between railway trains, or
a coupling attachment between weights to be lifted or drawn, so as to act as a
tension or draw spring, and it may be placed vertically as above described, or
horizontally, or in any suitable direction, according to the purpose for which
it is used, the power being always applied so as to set the cups in compression.
A NEW OR IMPROVED GAS ENGINE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Duncan Macfarlane at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th November 1880.
THOMAS DUNCAN MACFARLANE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain. "A NEW OR IMPROVED GAS ENGINE."
This Invention, which relates to a new or improved gas engine, has for its object
to simplify the construction of such engines and to diminish the cost thereof.
The engine consists of a cylinder closed at one end and open at the other. The
cylinder is provided with a piston and piston rod, the outer end of the latter
passing through a guide on the engine framing. The connecting rod is coupled to
the piston rod as close as convenient to the piston itself. At the closed end of the
cylinder valves are provided for admitting the air and gas in the right proportions
for forming an explosive mixture, and for discharging the exhaust or burnt gas,
another valve being also provided for opening the communication between the
gaseous mixture inside the cylinder and the pilot or igniting burner. The
admission and the exhaust valves are preferably conical seated valves and they are
driven by means of tappet pieces on slide bars driven by an eccentric on the crank
shaft; the steins of those valves have springs mounted on them, the tendency of
these springs being to keep the valve open. The valve stems are therefore kept
constantly pressed against the surface of the tappet pieces, so that such variations
as may be made on these tappet pieces produce corresponding motions in the
valve, an essential point in the formation of the tappet pieces being that a portion
of their surface shall be cylindrical or parallel so as to keep the admission valve
and exhaust valve both closed from the time the explosion takes place until the
termination of the outward stroke, at which point the exhaust valve is opened.
A small valve is provided, which at the time when it is required to explode the
gases opens communication between the pilot burner and the interior of the
cylinder. The suction of the piston draws in the flame of the pilot burner, and so
soon as ignition or explosion commences to take place this cominunication is closed
by the pressure of the exploded gas and air closing this valve back on its seat.
The engine hereinbefore described may be made double acting by placing a pair
of cylinders with their connections either horizontally or at an angle on either side
of the crank shaft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING MACHINES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur George Collings and Frederick
Bryant at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th November
1880.
ARTHUR GEORGE COLLINGS and FREDERICK BRYANT, both of Wimbledon, in
the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING MACHINES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the arrangement and
construction of machines for washing linen and other articles and materials.
For this purpose, in constructing a cheap and simple washing machine for
domestic and similar purposes, we construct a vessel of semi-circular form supported
on legs or otherwise. On the inner surface of this vessel we fix a series of slats or
bars placed at an angle to the ends of the vessel. Uprights are fixed on each end
of this vessel formed with slots for receiving and supporting the axes of a swinging
frame. This frame is furnished with uprights or arms connected by cross bars, by
which it can be rocked to and fro. The ends of this frame are of semi-circular
form, corresponding with the form of the vessel containing the articles to be
washed, and in which the frame is mounted. The semi-circular ends of this frame
are connected by slats or bars which are placed at angles in the opposite direction
to the slats or bars fixed on the inner surface of the washing vessel or trough.
The articles to be washed are placed in the vessel or trough containing hot or
boiling water, with sufficient soap; the swinging or rubbing frame is then placed in
position and rocked to and fro, by which the articles will be quickly and perfectly
cleansed.
The inclined cross slats or bars forming the rubbing surfaces may be arranged on
a larger scale for laundry and other purposes. Any ordinary wringing apparatus
may be combined with or attached to the washing machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXHAUSTING CONDENSERS AND SUPPLYING BOILERS WITH PURE WATER FREE FROM AIR OR OTHER GAS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Smith Candlish and William
James Norris at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th June
1880.
ROBERT SMITH CANDLISH, of New Broad Street House, in the City of London,
and WILLIAM JAMES NORRIS, of 60, Bloomfield Road, Burdett Road, Bow, E.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXHAUSTING CONDENSERS AND SUPPLYING
BOILERS WITH PURE WATER FREE FROM AIR OR OTHER GAS."
The object of our Invention is to supply boilers with pure water, free from air
or other gas, by means of the condenser pumps, so that the deleterious action on
the boiler plates which is generally supposed to be due to the presence of free
oxygen or gas is avoided. The Invention essentially consists in dealing with the
water and gases in the condenser quite independently, the air pump exhausting air
only, and not drawing air and water like the present so called air pumps; the
water condensed is thus returned to the boiler simply as puro or distilled water,
that is to say, oxygen and hydrogen in chemical combination, neither aerated nor
surcharged with oxygen or other gas, as is usually the case owing to the action of
the air pumps, and to the use of hotwells and air vessels as now ordinarily
arranged.
In carrying out our Invention we connect the air pump with the condenser, so
as to draw off the gases which it contains from suitable points above the average
water level and deliver them overboard, or up the chimney, or otherwise. The
feed pumps draw the water directly from the bottom of the condenser, and deliver
it to the boilers without intermediate hotwells or air vessels. Spring loaded pistons
may take the place of the air vessels if necessary. The result is that no free oxygen
or other gas is present in the boiler. The auxiliary feed water may be introduced
as a spray at the upper part of the condenser.
In applying our Invention to existing ongines the air pump capacity is very
materially reduced. In new engines suitable exhausters or displacement pumps,
or other suitable appliances may be used instead of ordinary air pumps, the
essential feature of the Invention being that the air or gases and the water are
drawn off from the condenser by independent appliances, and that the feed water
does not come into contact with any air after leaving the condenser; and further
all gases can be exhausted from the boiler during the process of raising steam by
connecting it with the aforesaid appliances.
A NEW OR IMPROVED RAG ENGINE
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Kerr Miller, of the City and County of
Edinburgh, North Britain, Consulting Engineer, for an Invention of
"A NEW OR IMPROVED RAG ENGINE."
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Kerr Miller at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st December 1880.
RICHARD KERR MILLER, of the City and County of Edinburgh, North Britain,
Consulting Engineer. "A NEW OR IMPROVED RAG ENGINE."
This Invention, which relates to a new and improved rag engine, has for its
object not only to increase the rapidity with which pulp is made to revolve and
pass between the grinding surfaces, but to make the pulp in much less time and
with much less power than hitherto.
My new and improved rag engine consists of a narrow and deep chamber, which
may be wholly or partly circular, or wholly or partly oval in form, or between these
forms, or oblong, or triangular, but having circular, rounded, or angular ends. This
vessel stands on its edge or one end, the plate box or knife being carried in a circular,
nearly circular, oblong, or oval centre piece, with a fixed or separate "backfall;" or
the plate box knife or its equivalent may be a revolving cylindrical knife roller,
in which case the "backfall” is fixed close to it. The grinding roller is or may be
such as are employed in the ordinary rag engines, and it may be raised at both
sides simultaneously, or the knife box or plate may be raised to it. In the case
of using a revolving cylindrical knife or plate roller, the grinding roller is made
adjustable thereto. When in action the grinding roller raises the level of the pulp
higher at the back than at the front; the pulp that has passed the grinding roller
immediately sinks, pushing before it such pulp as has not passed the grinding
roller, and when the engine has been in operation for a short time the circulation
of the pulp is very rapid.

page_text: When this new or improved rag engine is to be used as a washing engine it is
provided with an apparatus which dispenses with the drum washer ordinarily
employed. This apparatus consists of a revolving perforated tube, or a tube made
of wire gauze, or an equivalent tube, which by its rotation amongst the liquid has by
its combined action and that of the engine a greater tendency to increase the flow
of the pulp and to draw off the dirty water. Sand-catchers may also be fixed in
the lower part of the casing of the rag engine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CAPS FOR BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Laycock at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th October 1880.
JAMES LAYCOCK, of Belinda Glass Works, Hunslet, near Leeds, in the County of
York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CAPS FOR BOTTLES, JARS,
AND OTHER VESSELS,"
My improvements consist in the application of a glass, or when preferred a
porcelain cap, having its interior screwed or threaded to fit the external screwed
or threaded necks of bottles, jars and other vessels, forming thereby a cheap
substitute for wooden or metal caps.
For ordinary purposes this cap requires no packing, but when used for retaining
liquids a slight cushion or packing may be employed for the top of the neck to
butt against.
This cap possesses the advantages over metal or wooden caps ordinarily used
inasmuch as it is not affected chemically by the atmosphere or contents of the
bottles, jars, or other vessels, also its screwed interior dispenses with india rubber,
cork, or other rings employed hitherto when ordinary glass caps are used, besides
being cleanly and more durable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Max Emanuel at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th July 1880.
MAX EMANUEL, of Petherton Road, Highbury New Park, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES."
This Invention consists of improvements in envelopes, and its object is to
facilitate the opening of the envelopes when it is desired to withdraw the
contents therefrom. For this purpose I form the envelope with a line of holes
or perforations extending across it in an inclined direction, that is to say, at
an angle with the bottom or top edge of the envelope. The holes or perforations
are pierced right through the envelope. At that corner of the envelope which forms
the right angle of the triangle of which the line of holes is the hypothenuse,
I unite together by gumming, or otherwise, a sufficient portion of the front and
back to give a hold to the thumb and finger. The letter or enclosure, the corner
of which will generally require to be folded, is thus kept from reaching the corner
of the envelope.
•
When it is required to open the envelope to get at the contents, the gummed
corner is taken hold of by the thumb and finger of the one hand, while with the
other hand the envelope is pulled at the opposite corner, and the envelope is in this
way immediately separated on the line of the perforations. Sometimes I make the
envelope with one or more other gummed corners and with one or more other lines
of holes or perforations corresponding therewith. In all cases the holes must
extend through both the front and the back of the envelope, and the line of holes
corresponding with each gummed corner must, as it were, form the hypothenuse of
the triangle of which the said gummed corner is the right angle. The perforations
are by preference made after the envelope has been folded and gummed in the
ordinary manner, and any suitable perforating machine may be used for the
purpose. The line or lines of perforations may be curved if preferred, so as to keep
clear of the place where the address is usually written. The gumming of
the corners is by preference, effected during the manufacture of the envelope,
the gum being applied by the ordinary devices or extensions of the ordinary
devices by which the gum for uniting the flaps is applied before the flaps are folded.
Or instead of using gum to unite the back and front at the corners, any other
suitable means may be employed, such as eyelets for example.
AN IMPROVED SPRING BAND UMBRELLA OR SUNSHADE
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Solomon Kott, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, for
an Invention of "AN IMPROVED SPRING BAND UMBRELLA OR SUNSHADE."
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Solomon Kott at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th March 1880.
SOLOMON KOTT, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster. "AN IMPROVED SPRING
BAND UMBRELLA OR SUNSHADE."
This Invention has for its object the better protection of the head or body of the
wearer from the effect of sun or rain, and. consists in the manufacture or con-
struction of an improved spring band umbrella or sunshade of a more portable
form than that hitherto in use. The apparatus consists of a cap fitting on the hat
or head-dress made of any suitable material, which has a band attached thereto
encircling the head, which band has a spring on the upper and lower part, enabling
it to fit closely to the head, and on which band a number of steel or iron stretchers
or ribs project, sliding in metal grooves or sockets which are fixed or fastened to
the said band in a perpendicular manner. The cap or cover and umbrella can be
made of any size or of any material most suited to the wearer or climate, and the
whole of the apparatus can be folded (see Fig. 5) in such a way as to be readily
carried in the pocket, thus forming a most convenient and portable apparatus for
the protection of the wearer in any weather or climate. The apparatus is also
provided with strings or cords, (Figs. 3 and 4, a, a,) attached to the ribs or
stretchers for tightening or fitting the same to the head, or for securing the
apparatus to the person.
Fig. 1, a', represents the cover or cap fitting over the head-dress, made of any
suitable material; Fig. 2, the band made of any suitable material,-but-of-such a
thickness or substance as to prevent the ribs or stretchers or bits penetrating the
material; on the said band is fixed or fastened several perpendicular pieces of metal
bits (according to the number of ribs or stretchers) with a slot or groove
running up the centre, in which slot or groove the ribs or stretchers move up or
down separately and freely, the upward movement being for closing, and the
downward for the expansion of the apparatus (as seen in Figs. 3 and 4) in the same
manner as an umbrella or sunshade for protection against the weather or climate.

page_text: Figs. 3 and 4 shew a part sectional view of the apparatus with the slots or
grooves and stretchers or ribs for opening or closing the apparatus.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of con-
structing the same, what I claim and desire to have protected by Letters Patent is,
the construction of the improved spring band umbrella or sunshade, as set forth
and illustrated in the foregoing Specification.
In witness whereof, I, the said Solomon Kott, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Eighth day of March, One thousand eight hundred and
eighty.
ANCHORS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Whyte at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd February 1880.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
JAMES WHYTE, of Hackney, in the County of Middlesex.
ANCHORS."
My Invention relates to improvements in anchors, whereby security is provided
for the flukes entering the ground when the anchor is cast and when the strain is
brought to bear upon the cable.
This outer
In carrying out my Invention carry the flukes upon one arm of a lever
mounted upon a centre or fulcrum in the shank or body of the anchor, and the
opposite arm of which has attached to it one extremity of the cable.
arm of the lever is formed with enlargements or projections, so arranged that the
lever shall come into contact with the ground before the flukes. The lever is thus
turned upon its centre and the flukes are caused to enter the ground, and when the
strain is applied to the cable the degree of penetration of the flukes is increased.
Stops are provided for limiting the motion of the lever and obtaining the necessary
resistance to the strain. The shank or body of the anchor may be made in two
parts, with suitable recesses to admit of the movement of the inner arm of the lever,
which engages with a projection on the flukes. The other arm of the lever to
which the cable is attached is slotted or otherwise arranged so that the same action
is obtained whether one side or the other of the anchor is uppermost. Under this
improved arrangement the flukes are placed at the fore end of the shank or body of
the anchor in lieu of at the opposite end, as in the usual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH OMNIBUSES, TRAM-CARS, AND LIKE VEHICLES."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francisco Ferreira de Moraes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th August 1880.
"
FRANCISCO FERREIRA DE MORAES, at Rio de Janeiro, in the Empire of Brazil, but
at present of London Wall, in the City of London, Merchant. IMPROVEMENTS IN
AND CONNECTED WITH OMNIBUSES, TRAM-CARS, AND LIKE VEHICLES."
The objects of this Invention are to arrange three pairs of wheels under the
body, the axles of the fore and aft pair being connected from opposite corners, that
the turning action of one pair is communicated by rods to the other pair to facilitate
the vehicle moving round corners in a more easy manner than at present. The fore
and aft pairs of wheels are, preferably, of the same diameter. Between these two
pairs of wheels I arrange the third pair of wheels of larger diameter, and I fit the
body that the centre pair of wheels are partially enclosed within the body.
I purpose making the body of steel, and with seats arranged from side to side, that
passengers may enter and leave the vehicle from the side, instead of to and from
the back, as by the present constructed vehicles. The entries may be provided
with doors capable of removal in fine weather, to increase the comfort of the
occupants.
The seats are composed of a series of wooden laths or battens attached to spring
steel strips of bowed or bellied shape to produce the proper curvature for forming
an easy seat, and to prevent the undue amount of oscillation now experienced by
riders in such vehicles.
Instead of arranging the improved construction of seats from side to side they
may be arranged longitudinally if desired.
The improved construction of seats, and forming the body and frame of the
vehicle of steel, is applicable to tram cars and other like vehicles, as is also the
system of three pairs of wheels, as before described, with the connection rods for
the turning action.
A NEW OR IMPROVED, APPARATUS FOR RECEIVING AND RETURNING CRICKET BALLS TO THE BOWLER THEREOF
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Jeffery at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th March 1880.
"A NEW
OR IMPROVED, APPARATUS FOR RECEIVING AND RETURNING CRICKET BALLS TO THE
BOWLER THEREOF."
JAMES JEFFERY, of Epsom, in the County of Surrey, Schoolmaster.
The object of my Invention is to facilitate practise in the cricket field by
providing an automatic means of returning the ball to the bowler.
I propose to place behind the wicket a sheet of canvass or other suitable
material, supported and pegged down in any convenient manner, so as to
incline backward from the wicket at such angle as may be desired. Above this
sheet I propose to secure a not rising to any required height, and a net on each sido
of the inclined sheet prevents the ball from flying off therefrom at an angle into
the field. At the top of the aforesaid sheet and extending therefrom to the net,
which is, say, about four feet behind it, I place another sheet of canvass, also having
a net at each side and inclining to one end, so as to lead on to another incline
made of wood or other suitable material and forming a spout for the return of the
ball.
The action is as follows:-The ball having passed the wicket runs up the first
incline, strikes the net, falls back therefrom on to the second incline, rolls thence
onto the third incline or spout, and by the impetus derived from running down this
latter, passes back along the field in the direction of the bowler.
IMPROVED AUTOMATICAL APPARATUS FOR FASTENING DOORS, WINDOWS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules César Callot at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st April 1880.
"AN
JULES CÉSAR CALLOT, of Boulevard Saint-Denis, 1, at Paris, Merchant.
IMPROVED AUTOMATICAL APPARATUS FOR FASTENING DOORS, WINDOWS, AND
OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to an improved system of automatic stop which is
applicable to doors, windows, and other similar purposes, and which when applied
to doors is designed to replace the so called "safety" chains. The improved
stop consists in the use of a T or other suitably shaped button formed with a
stem or shank fixed by a foot or paw on the interior of the door, in combination
with a slotted swinging bar jointed to a plate fixed against the door case opposite
to the button. This bar being turned over against the door the button passes
through an enlarged hole at the back end of the slot in the bar, and the door
being opened pushes with it the bar, the stem or shank of the button meanwhile
travelling along the slot until arrested by the outer closed end of the latter, when
the button taking against the bar and not being able to pass through its slot
securely locks or holds the door ajar.
The construction of this stop being very strong and of easy and infallible action
ensures an effectual protection against surprise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GARDEN-SEATS OR BENCHES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mark Henry Skinner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st April 1880.
MARK HENRY SKINNER, of Stone Street, Cranbrook, in the County of Kent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GARDEN-SEATS OR BENCHES."
My Invention has for its object to provide a weatherproof covering to garden
sents and benches. For this purpose I provide the seat or bench with a foot board,
which is connected to the framing of the seat or bench by hinged or jointed links
so arranged that the footboard can be raised up and brought over the front part of
the seat. A board formning the lower portion of the back of the seat is also con-
nected to the framing by hinges, so that its upper part can be canted forward to a
certain angle over the seat, and the foot board is arranged so as to lap over the top
edge of the backboard when in this position, the two thus forming a raised angular
covering to the seat, which may be rendered practically waterproof by providing on
the edge of the footboard a projecting ledge or fillet that covers the joint formed by
the meeting edges of the two parts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EXHAUSTERS FOR GASES OR LIQUIDS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Albert Reinhold Hildebrandt
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th June 1880.
A communication from abroad by Jacob Gareis, of Deutz on the Rhine,
in Germany, Engineer.
JOHN ALBERT REINHOLD HILDEBRANDT, of the Firm of A. Hildebrandt, Patent
Agent, 43, Market Street, in the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Civil Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN EXHAUSTERS FOR GASES OR LIQUIDS."
A communication from abroad by Jacob Gareis, of Deutz on the Rhine, in
Germany, Engineer.
The improved exhauster consists of a bored cylinder, the open bottom of which is
placed on a suitable stand with which an airtight joint is made, and the cylinder
has flanged pipe bases serving as inlet and outlet respectively, placed about the
middle of the cylinder opposite to each other. The cylinder is fitted with a piston
consisting of a hollow cylinder, open at top and bottom and divided in two parts
by an oblique partition forming an angle of 45° or other suitable angle, and the
cylinder mantle of which piston is also provided with openings or ports.
The top
of the cylinder is closed airtight with a cylinder cover, carrying the stuffing box
and suitable bearings for three studs or shafts, on the outside end of one of
which studs is fixed the driving pulley, and on the inside a small bevil wheel,
which gives motion to two larger ones of equal size, one on each side, which are
carried by the other two studs, and which latter carry also a flywheel each at the
other end. The two larger bevil wheels move in opposite directions, and each
carries a ball and socket joint within their toothed rims, in which socket joint is
carried a traverse bar or cross head to which the piston rod is attached. Thus
when motion is communicated by the driving shaft to the two bevil wheels the
latter carry the cross head and with it the piston rod and piston up and down, and
also twist it forward and backward through an angle of 90°, so that the oblique
partition in the piston passes and repasses the inlet and outlet in the cylinder
respectively, filling the cylinder or its respective portion at one stroke and then
allowing the filling to pass to the outlet side it is expelled at the next stroke. The
cylinder end and cover are shaped conically to fit the oblique partition of the piston.
IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR THE TREATMENT OF HARNESS AND OTHER LEATHER ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John James Taylor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd April 1880.
"AN
JOHN JAMES TAYLOR, of Harpurhey, in the County of Lancaster, Groom.
IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR THE TREATMENT OF HARNESS AND OTHER LEATHER
ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES."
My Invention relates to preparations to be used in the treatment of saddles,
bridles, reins, harness, and other leather articles, and has for its object to produce a
composition which will impart a clear polished surface to the leather, and will also
render it more pliable and increase its durability. My improved composition
consists of alcholic spirit, turpentine spirit, red lavender spirit, soap, bees-wax, or
other suitable wax, and isinglass or gelatinous matter. The proportions may be
varied to some extent, but the following proportions are suitable, namely
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John James Taylor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd April 1880.
"AN
JOHN JAMES TAYLOR, of Harpurhey, in the County of Lancaster, Groom.
IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR THE TREATMENT OF HARNESS AND OTHER LEATHER
ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES."
My Invention relates to preparations to be used in the treatment of saddles,
bridles, reins, harness, and other leather articles, and has for its object to produce a
composition which will impart a clear polished surface to the leather, and will also
render it more pliable and increase its durability. My improved composition
consists of alcholic spirit, turpentine spirit, red lavender spirit, soap, bees-wax, or
other suitable wax, and isinglass or gelatinous matter. The proportions may be
varied to some extent, but the following proportions are suitable, namely:-
Spirits of wine, one pint.
Spirits of turpentine, one pint.
Spirits of rod lavender, half an ounce.
Soap, four pounds.
Bees-wax, four pounds.
Isinglass, one ounce.
The composition is applied to the leather with a wet sponge or cloth, and when
the leather is dry. it is rubbed or polished.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOCKS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th August 1880. A communication
from abroad by John W. Post, of the City and State of New York, United
States of America.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOCKS." A communication from abroad by John W. Post, of the City
and State of New York, United States of America.
The improved lock consists of two principal parts, viz., a transverse cylinder,
passing across the board or frontplate and provided with a keyhole or keyholes,
and a bolt and tumbler carrying cylinder, inserted from the edge of the door or
drawer and passing through a recess of the transverse cylinder. The bolt and
tumbler carrying cylinder is provided at the top a short distance from its inner
end with a horizontal slot adapted to receive a pin, which passes through
corresponding holes at the top of the transverse cylinder and serves to retain the
two cylinders in their proper relative position. In securing the lock to a door or
drawer a hole is bored through the surface of the door or drawer at a proper
distance from the edge thereof, and another hole in the edge of said door or drawer
extending a short distance beyond the transverse hole. The transverse cylinder is
then placed in the first hole, the recessed part being upwards; the bolt and tumbler
carrying cylinder is then inserted in the other hole until the holes for receiving
the above named pin are in the same line, after which the pin is inserted.
The bolt and tumbler carrying cylinder has at its underside a slot for giving
access of the key to the working part.
The bolt may be provided with one or more tumblers pivoted and working in a
longitudinal slot of the bolt, said tumbler or tumblers being operated by a U-shaped
spring, one end of which is secured in an aperture at the inner end of the slot of
the bolt, while the other end abuts against a shoulder of the tumbler.
Through the bolt and tumber carrying cylinder near the inner end thereof passes
a pin for holding the bolt at the various positions to which it may be thrown by
the key.
As a modification the bolt may be provided with a rack on its underside, gearing
into a pinion operated by a suitable key.