IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING BAGS, SACKS, AND OTHER TUBULAR FABRICS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Fairweather at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd November
1858.
I, JAMES FAIRWEATHER, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WEAVING BAGS, SACKS, AND OTHER TUBULAR FABRICS," to be as follows:-
The bags or sacks to which my improvements refer principally are such as
are used for guano, grain, flour, potatoes, coals, and many other purposes, and
are made mostly of "jute," or a combination of "jute" with tow of flax, and
sometimes with other similar substances and combinations of materials, and
frequently with colored stripes and cotton selvages.
The present system of making these sacks or bags is by weaving the cloth
(either plain or twilled) in the usual way, and afterwards cutting it into
suitable lengths, and sewing the seams and ends with twine.
In carrying out these improvements, I propose, firstly, to employ two sets of
warps, and to weave the above or similar fabrics double, and either with or
without a cord, or cords, or bands of any kind being woven in the cloth at that
part of it where the seam usually exists, or at any other part thereof where it
may be required. These cords or bands will give strength and shape to the
bag or sack, and they may be formed with loops for hanging or lifting the sack
when full without injury thereto, or the cords may be used for tying the
mouth of the bag or sack.
Secondly, I propose to weave one, two, three, or more bags or sacks on

page_text: the same loom and at the same time, and this I accomplish by weaving a
strip or strips of united cloth (that is, weaving the two warps together,)
between each sack, and cutting it after it is woven; I then turn each bag or
sack inside out so that the raw edge of the united cloth shall be inside the bag
or sack.
Bags and sacks made in the above manner can be woven in an ordinary
hand or power loom by making slight alterations or variations in the
mountings of the loom, as will be evident to any practical weaver or mechanic.
The bags or sacks may be woven either with the warp running parallel to
the length or parallel to the width of the same; in the latter case the mouth
of the bag or sack will have a regular selvage, which may be woven either
with or without a cord or cords at or near the edge. The bottom or end will
be the same as the cloth of the sack, whilst the sides are formed of a strip or
strips of the united cloth, the sack being cut off and turned after it is woven
as before described; in the former case the sides of the sack will be formed, as
the bottom of the foregoing, of a selvage uniting the two warps.
The mouth of the bag or sack may be stitched or sewn over or finished in
any other way, or in some sacks the end of the weft may be secured at the
corner in any convenient way, leaving the loose ends of the warp to form the
mouth of the sack.
By the foregoing methods of weaving, the bags or sacks may be of any form
or size, and can be turned out of the loom complete and ready for use, and
may be pressed, calendered, and finished with the same advantage as the
cloth made for bags or sacks at present in the usual way.