IMPROVE. MENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF GASES CONTAINING AMMONIA FOR THE ARTIFICIAL MANURES AND AMMONIACAL SALTS, AND IN OF PRODUCTION APPARATUS FOR THAT PURPOSE PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Francis John Bolton of 19 Grosvenor Gardens in the
County of Middlesex and James Alfred Wanklyn of 7 Westminster Chambers
in the same County Professor of Chemistry for an invention of IMPROVE.
MENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF GASES CONTAINING AMMONIA FOR THE
ARTIFICIAL MANURES
AND AMMONIACAL SALTS, AND IN
OF
PRODUCTION
APPARATUS FOR THAT PURPOSE
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Francis John Bolton and
James Alfred Wanklyn at the Office of the Cominissioners of Patents on the
9th June 1882.
г
FRANCIS JOHN BOLTON of 19 Grosvenor Gardens in the County of Middlesex
and JAMES ALFRED WANKLYN of 7 Westminster Chambers in the same County
Professor of Chemistry "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF GASES CONTAINING
AMMONIA FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL MANURES. AND AMMONIACAL
SALTS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THAT PURPOSE
"
This invention relates to the treatment of gases containing ammonia more
particularly the gaseous products arising from the combustion or coking of coal
or other carbonaceous substances in order to utilise the ammonia contained therein
for the production of artificial manures and ammoniacal salts.
In carrying out our invention we cause the said gases, such as those given off
by blast furnaces, gas producers or coke ovens to pass through pipes into which
high pressure steam is injected as may be required. In this apparatus the tar is
removed and the gases are cooled down.
When the gases contain much dust or soot in suspension we place plates or sheets
of metal or of wire gauze or corrugated plates in the first pipe or series of pipes
into which the steam is injected, such plates being placed parallel to the axis of
the pipe so as to diminish the sectional area as little as possible while offering a

page_text: large surface to the gases. These plates or sheets are suspended on bars so that
they can be easily withdrawn from the flue or pipe when covered with dust and
tar. We prefer however to clean these plates or sheets by stopping the gases and
filling the pipe or pipes with superheated steam which will cause the tar to run.
This method cannot be always employed as in some cases the amount of dust that
collects on the plates or sheets prevents the tar from running. Should all the tar
and dust not be removed by this apparatus we further cause the gases to pass
through a chamber of large sectional area as compared with the ordinary flue.
In this chamber are placed plates or sheets as described above and as the gases
travel much more slowly the remnant of the tar &c is completely removed.
We then cause the gases to pass through layers of commercial superphosphate or
powdered sulphate of lime moistened with sulphuric acid or through small coke
moistened with sulphuric acid. These layers are placed on perforated trays in a
suitable closed chamber When the gases contain a considerable percentage of
ammonia we cause them to pass over shallow lead trays containing strong sulphuric
acid before causing them to pass through the layers as above described.
When the substances on the trays are sufficiently charged we remove them and
either wash out the sulphate of ammonia with water and concentrate it in the
usual manner or we use the said substances directly as manures.
Instead of these absorbents we sometimes use an ordinary scrubber to collect
the ammonia which is not condensed with the steam. This liquor from the
scrubber when weak we prefer to treat as described in our patent specification
No 5173 of 1880 by evaporating it with superphosphate
One application of our invention is the obtaining of Ammonia from Waste
Coal heaps. In carrying out this part of our invention we burn the waste or small
coal in a furnace with a closed top and constructed on the same plan as a Gas
producer. The gaseous products of the slow combustion we then treat as above
described.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Francis John Bolton and James Alfred Wanklyn in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 8th December 1882.
FRANCIS JOHN BOLTON of No 19 Grosvenor Gardens in the County of
Middlesex and JAMES ALFRED WANKLYN of 7 Westminster Chambers in the
same County Professor of Chemistry "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF
GASES CONTAINING AMMONIA FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL MANURES AND
AMMONIACAL SALTS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THAT PURPOSE
"
This Invention relates to the treatment of gases containing ammonia more
particularly the gaseous products arising from the combustion or coking of coal or
other carbonaceous substances in or to utilise the ammonia contained therein for the
production of artificial manures and ammoniacal salts.
In carrying out our Invention we cause the said gases, such as those given off by
blast furnaces gas producers or coke ovens to pass through pipes into which high
pressure steam is injected as may be required. In this apparatus the tar is removed
and the gases are cooled down.
When the gases contain much dust or soot in suspension we place plates or sheets
of metal or of wire gauze or corrugated plates in the first pipe or series of pipes
into which the steam is injected, such plates being placed parallel to the axis of the
pipe so as to diminish the sectional area as little as possible while offering a large
surface to the gases. These plates or sheets are suspended on bars so that they can
be easily withdrawn from the flue or pipe when covered with dust and tar. We
prefer however to clean these plates or sheets by stopping the gases and filling the
pipe or pipes with superheated steam which will cause the tar to run. This method
cannot be always employed as in some cases the amount of dust that collects on
the plates or sheets prevents the tar from running. Should all the tar and dust not
be removed by this apparatus we further cause the gases to pass through a chamber
of large sectional area as compared with the ordinary flue. In this chamber are
placed plates or sheets as described above and as the gases travel much more slowly
the remnant of the tar & is completely removed.
We then causes the gases to pass through layers of commercial superphosphate
or powdered sulphate of lime moistened with sulphuric acid or through small coke
or other suitable permeable material moistened with sulphuric acid. These layers
are placed on perforated trays in a suitable closed chamber. When the gases contain
a considerable percentage of ammonia we cause them to pass over shallow lead
trays containing strong sulphuric acid before causing them to pass through the
layers as above described.
When the substances on the trays are sufficiently charged we remove them and
either wash out the sulphate of ammonia with water and concentrate it in the usual
manner or we use the said substances directly as manures.
Instead of these absorbents we sometimes use an ordinary scrubber to collect the
ammonia which is not condensed with the steam. This liquor from the scrubber
when weak we prefer to treat as described in our Patent Specification N° 5173 of
1880 by evaporating it with superphosphate.
One application of our Invention is the obtaining of Ammonia from Waste Coal
heaps In carrying out this part of our Invention we burn the waste or small coal
in a furnace with a closed top and constructed on the same plan as a gas producer.
The gaseous products of the slow combustion we then treat as above described.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, we claim :-
First. Treating furnace and other gases for the extraction of ammonia therefrom

page_text: .
by first causing the gases to pass through pipes or passages into which steam is
injected so as to separate the tar therefrom, after which the gases are caused to pass
through layers of superphosphate of lime or powdered sulphate of lime or small coke
or other suitable permeable substance moistened with sulphuric acid, substantially
.as herein described.
Second. In combination with the method of treating gases for the extraction of
ammonia therefrom referred to in the preceding claim, causing the gases before
passing through the layers of superphosphate or other material, to pass over trays
containing strong sulphuric acid, substantially as herein described
Third. In treating gases for the extraction of ammonia therefrom, as set forth in
the first claim, the use of pipes or passages into which steam is injected and in
which removeable plates or sheets of metal or wire gauze are arranged in such
manner that the ammoniacal gases. in passing over or through them shall deposit
dust and tar thereon, substantially as herein described.
In Witness whereof I the said Francis John Bolton have hereunto set my hand
and seal this seventh day of December in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty-two.
FRANCIS JOHN BOLTON (L.S.)