matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN STALL FITTINGS FOR STABLES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wood and Joseph Key
Howitt at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 20th September 1873.
We, THOMAS WOOD and JOSEPH KEY HOWITT, both of the City of
Chester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STALL FITTINGS FOR STABLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the arrangement and application of a
chain strap or rope barrier for the purpose of keeping horses or other
animals in separate stalls of stables, and thus prevent them from getting
to each other should they get loose, also for dividing stalls of stables.
Our improvements are also applicable for drawing or forming a barrier
across the end of each stall division for the purpose of keeping horses
from kicking, and for any similar purpose a groom may find it useful
for. For this purpose in carrying out our improvements we make a hole
in the pillar or other part of a stall division of sufficient height from the
ground for the required purpose, upon which post or part we affix a
plate with a nozzle entering into the hole made in the post or other part,
which nozzle is either rounded smoothly or we arrange a revolving wheel
or pulley in combination therewith.

page_text: A chain rope or strap is attached to the opposite part of the stall
pillar, inside, just opposite the hole, or we attach it to any other part
inside the post found most convenient. Upon this chain rope or strap
inside of post we place a weight with a wheel running on the chain
rope or strap, similar to a clock weight, by which means we are enabled
to withdraw from the post a length of chain rope or strap double that
of the pillar. If chain is used we can employ a length over and above
what is double the length of the pillar from two to four feet, which extra
length will fall into the pillar by the weight of the chain which is inside.
Upon the opposite end of the chain rope or. strap to the one attached
to the pillar inside we attach (after being drawn through the hole
before mentioned) a swivel handle with which we draw out the chain
rope or strap before mentioned to the opposite wall, or to any part or
place we wish to attach it to:
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO EMBROIDERY MACHINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th November 1873.-A communication from abroad by Victor
Adolphe Deshayes, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO
EMBROIDERY MACHINES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the laying of braid upon
the fabric to be ornamented by embroidery machinery. To this end I
provide means which will ensure the braid bobbin holder, the braid
guide, and the braid layer all following the axial motion of the needle
bar.
The bobbin holder is formed with a socket which fits into a bush
supported by a fixed bracket on the vertical guide box or bracket arm of
the machine. Through this socket projects the needle bar, which is
grooved from end to end to receive the braid from the bobbin. Projecting
inwardly from the socket of the bobbin holder is a screwed pin which
enters the slot in the needle bar. This needle bar passes down through

page_text: a hollow vertical spindle supported in suitable bearings, and carrying a
bevilled pinion, through which rotary motion is communicated thereto.
A projection on the lower end of this spindle takes into a vertical slot
formed in the upper edge of a tube, which is capable of receiving a
vertical as well as a rotary motion in its bearing. Screwed into the.
lower end of this tube is a tubular plug, through the central opening in
which the crochet needle is free to pass while the braid passes through
a second opening made in the plug.
Attached to and embracing the lower end of the before-mentioned
tube is the braid layer, which consists of a cylindrical socket with a
tubular continuation that serves to embrace and extend below the
tubular extension of the plug. This braid layer is formed with a vertical
slot in its side to receive a screw which enters the tube before mentioned
and connects the two parts together, so as to prevent them falling apart
and ensure their rotating together, but yet allowing of the one having a
vertical motion independently of the other.
The tube at its upper end is formed with two flanges, between which
it is embraced by a fork carried by a reciprocating vertical bar, which
imparts to it the requisite vertical motions.
The braid on leaving the tube passes through a hole in the bottom of
the socket of the braid layer, and is thence conducted through a lateral
opening in and near the end of the tubular extension of the braid layer.
The braid is thus brought under the point of the vertical needle, which
serves to sew it to the fabric to be ornamented.
By connecting the braid layer, the needle bar, and the bobbin together
in the manner above described, it will be understood that these relative
positions will always be maintained, and thus the twisting and distortion
of the braid and the irregular sewing down of the same will be avoided.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Robinson and Alfred
Lister at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th October 1873.
We, THOMAS ROBINSON, of Halifax, in the County of York, and
ALFRED LISTER, of Hipperholme, in the same County, Overlookers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SHUTTLES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to prevent the bobbin or spool being
accidentally drawn off the shuttle pin or "pike" whilst in the loom.
This we effect by making the "pike spring" longer than usual, and
bending the clongated end thereof in such manner that it will enter a
notch or recess formed around the bottom of the bobbin or spool, when
the same is placed on the "pike and turned into the shuttle. By
this means we dispense with the pin hitherto used for that purposo,
but which was subject to wear loose and damage the reed and also to
weaken tho shuttle.
Instead of using the "pike spring" for this purpose, we may employ
an additional spring similarly applied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAY CARS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Richard Maples at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th November 1873.
I, JOHN RICHARD MAPLES, of Sunny Bank, Churchfield, Acton, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAY CARS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the general construction and arrangement of
the main framing and platform of a tramway car.
The car itself may be constructed of wood, metal, or other suitable
material, or combination of materials, and may be swung underneath or
caused to rest on the top of a bogie at one or both ends, provided with
two or more wheels (by preference 4 wheels).
The body of the car may be supported on girders constructed of wood,
or iron, or a combination of both, and such girders may be bent to form
a base for a step at one or both ends of the car. These girders may also
be extended beyond the ends of the car body so as to form platforms for
the ingress and egress of passengers, and may extend beyond these plat-
forms to form other platforms, or stages, or beds for any engine stair-

page_text: way, luggage floor, tank, or reservoir, or may be made for the further
accomodation of passengers, and for the use of the driver or conductor.
The bogie may be constructed of wood or iron, or a combination of both,
and the car or the girders may bear on the bogie by a ring bolt or
friction wheels, or rollers, fixed either to the car, or bogie, or loose.
Springs of india-rubber, steel, or other suitable material, and of any
suitable shape, may be introduced either between the bogie and the car,
or between the bogie and the wheels, or both.
A lever, wheel, or other mechanical contrivance, whether movable or
fixed, is attached either to the bogie or platform of the car so as to serve
as a means of steering the car by setting the bogie and car at different
angles.
The space between the top of the bogie and the axles of the wheels
may be occupied by driving gear, brake gear, or gear or machinery of
any other description, or by a tank or reservoir. The space thus occupied
may be enclosed and made dust tight.
The top of the bogie may be at any height from the axles. The bogie
may have guards hung in front of the wheels fitted with a break block,
so that any light obstruction shall be cleared away by the resistance of
the guard, but any heavy body shall press the guard against the wheels,
thereby causing the obstruction to bring the brake into action and so
prevent accidents.
These bogies and the parts connected therewith are made removeable
and interchangeable, so that where the bogie carries an engine such
engine in case of failure or an accident to the car can be removed and
replaced by a fresh one.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF STABLE MANURE, & FOR OBTAINING USEFUL PRODUCTS THEREFROM
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur McDougall at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
February 1873.
I, ARTHUR M'DOUGALL, of the Firm of McDougall, Bros., Manu-
facturing Chemists, of Manchester & London, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF
STABLE MANURE, & FOR OBTAINING USEFUL PRODUCTS THEREFROM," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in treating stable manure or litter which has
hitherto been used only as a fertilizing agent in such a manner as to
render it available for use in the manufacture of paper pulp, and consists
in thoroughly washing such manure or litter with water by any suitable
or well-known mechanical contrivance with a view to the removal of the
foecal matter therefrom. The cleansed straw thus obtained may either
be treated by any suitable or well-known process for the manufacture of
the same into pulp for the making of paper and similar products, or it
may be dried and again used as bedding for horses and cattle generally.
A NEW OR IM- PROVED STEAM STRIKER OR HAMMER
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Wesley Allen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd August 1878.
I, SAMUEL WESLEY ALLEN, of Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IM-
PROVED STEAM STRIKER OR HAMMER," to be as follows :—
The main feature of this Invention consists in the construction or con-
figuration of the steam "cylinder" by means of which the hammer or
striker is actuated. This " cylinder" is made in the form of a sector
shaped chamber, the interior of which is bored to the radius of the
fulcrum for the piston which receives a swinging or oscillating motion
on or round said fulcrum. The striker arm or arms is or are fixed on
to one or both ends of the fulcrum spindle. I prefer however to pass
the latter out through a stuffing box at each side, and to fix a striker
arm at each end of the fulcrum spindle; the hammer head is fixed to
the outer end or ends of said arm or arms. The piston is made in the
form of a plate or parallelogram, and has its edges fitted with some kind
of joint pieces such as brass strips with springs at the back, to keep
them tight against the inner surfaces of the "cylinder."

page_text: An adjustable brass strip may also be fitted against the fulcrum
spindle for the purpose of forming a joint. The slide valve is actuated
by self-acting contrivances in connection with the hammer handle, for
instance by a lever or cam plate on the hammer handle, the length of
stroke being regulated by shifting the stop on the cam lever which comes
in contact with the valve spindle lever. .
The valve may also be worked by hand if desired.
The cylinder is attached to a foundation plate or to a pillar, but I
prefer to make it so as to be shifted on the pillar in any required
direction by means of suitable screw and nut, and check nut arranġe-
ment. The steam and exhaust pipe are in that case fitted with universal.
joints to suit, or flexible tubing may be employed where required. The
force of the blow is regulated by the smith's foot pressing on a lever
connected with a valve in the steam pipe.
AN IMPROVED COVER OR BACKING FOR BOOKS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
December 1873.
I, JOHN WILSON, of Halifax, in the County of York, Stationer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COVER
OR BACKING FOR BOOKS," to be as follows
This Invention has for its object a new or improved covering or
backing for books, cut or formed in such manner as to be readily folded
and attached to the ordinary backs of books without stitching, so as
readily to secure the same.
I employ thin leather or bookbinders' cloth, paper, or linen cut or
formed with overhanging portions to be folded to the interior of the
ordinary back of the book, and secured by gum, glue, or by eyelets and
eyelet holes.
Various ornamental designs may be produced on the outside of the
material used for such covering.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Weightman Harrison
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 18th December 1873.
I, CHARLES WEIGHTMAN HARRISON, of 1, High Holborn, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS, AND IN THE
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
I manufacture gas in retorts set in any suitable manner, and I work
Into the mouth-
them either singly or in combination of two or more.
piece of each retort I introduce a pipe which reaches to the further end
of the retort where it terminates in a perforated or porous cap. I also
introduce into the mouth-piece or upper part of the retort, or into the
stand pipe connected therewith, a cage formed of one or more metal
sifters or perforated plates for the purpose of sifting or intercepting the
heavy tarry vapors from the gas. I construct this cage so that when
placed in position it will lead away any excess of deposited matters into
a trough or tube passing into the interior of the retort, where they
become evaporised.

page_text: A method of working is as follows:-When coal or other suitable
gas yeilding material is introduced into the red-hot retort I pass a
current of hydrogen or other gas, or steam, or aerated steam, in regulated
quantity through the aforesaid pipe to the back of the retort, along
which it passes, thus sweeping the gases out of the heated retort as
soon as they are liberated, and for the most part dissolving and taking
up the deposited tarry matters in the cage. When the rich gases have
been expelled from the coal I introduce gas oil along with the current
of hydrogen or other suitable gas into the retort, and thus continue the
manufacture of gas without fresh charges of coal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TREATING FLAX, TOW, AND SIMILAR FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Whitehead at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th October 1873.
I, THOMAS WHITEHEAD, of Holbeck, in the Parish of Leeds, in the
County of York, a Partner in the Firm of Taylor, Wordsworth, & Co.,
of the same Place, Machine and Tool Makers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TREATING
FLAX, TOW, AND SIMILAR FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in the application to a cone or other roving
frame of a trough for containing hot water through which the dry roving
passes and becomes saturated, after which it passes through guides and
is drawn between rollers made of brass.
The front pressing roller may be made of gutta percha or boxwood,
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BRAIDING FABRICS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Toplis, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
BRAIDING FABRICS."
Sealed the 27th December 1873, and dated the 30th October 1873.
:1
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Toplis at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th October 1873.
I, WILLIAM TOPLIS, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR BRAIDING FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain improvements in or additions to
the embroidering machine known as the "Bonnaz machine," (for
which Letters Patent, No. 2544, were granted to William Clark, dated
October 27th, 1863, and to William Edward Gedge, No. 3590, dated

page_text: November 25th, 1868), by means of which improvements such machine
is adapted for braiding fabrics, the object being to lay down a braid
upon the fabric beneath the hooked needle of the "Bonnaz" machine as
it follows the pattern and sews the braid on with a chain stitch..
At the top of the feed tube I fix a bracket, which revolves with the
tube and carries the bobbin of braid., I pass the braid from this bobbin
downwards inside the feed tube (a groove being formed in the interior
of the tube for that purpose), and also downwards through the nipple
tube. The braid passes out at one side near the bottom of the nipple
tube and through a small, guide attached to the lower end of the nipple,
through the centre of which the looped needle works; the result of this
is that the guide lays down the braid as the machine follows the pattern,
and the hooked needle passing through the centre of the braid sews it on
to the fabric with a chain stitch..
It will be understood that the nipple tube instead of being only
capable of rising and falling (as usual) is connected to the lower end of
the feed tube by a feather or otherwise, so that it revolves with it, and
hence the braid is laid evenly in the direction of the pattern without any
twist being given to it.
In some cases I propose (instead of mounting the braid bobbin at the
top and carrying the braid down inside the feed tube) to fix the bracket
which carries it to the revolving nipple tube, the feed bar being curved
outwards to admit of the bobbin passing between it and the nipple tube
as the latter revolves.
J
IMPROVEMENTS IN INDICATING AND REGISTERING THE NUMBER OF PERSONS WHO ENTER AND LEAVE TRAMWAY CARS, OMNIBUSES, PUBLIC HALLS, STEAMBOATS, OR OTHER PLACES OF PUBLIC RESORT, AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Robertson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
September 1873.
I, JOHN ROBERTSON, of Nitshill, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN INDICATING AND REGISTERING THE NUMBER OF PERSONS
WHO ENTER AND LEAVE TRAMWAY CARS, OMNIBUSES, PUBLIC HALLS, STEAMBOATS,
OR OTHER PLACES OF PUBLIC RESORT, AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED
THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention, which relates to improvements in indicating or
registering the number of persons who enter and leave tramway cars,
omnibuses, public halls, steamboats, or other places of public resort,
consists essentially of a movable step placed at the entrance of the
tramway car or other vehicle or place of public resort. The step is
so situated that each person on entering or leaving the vehicle or
place of public resort must stand upon it, and the weight of the
person when so standing upon the said step depresses it through a
short distance. To the movable step a connecting link, or a pall, or

page_text: UNC ԱՆՆԱ
moved simultaneously with the depression of the step, and the link,
pall, or its equivalent being again connected to or bearing upon an
indicator operates one or more fingers or pointers which mark off on one
or more dials or scales the number of persons who bave passed over or
upon the movable step.
A spring or counterweight is applied to the movable step in order to
raise it to the normal position after it has been depressed by a person's
weight upon it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REGULATING THE TEMPERATURE OF VULCANIZING APPARATUS FOR VULCANIZING INDIA-RUBBER USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL TEETH
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Jamieson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th May 1878.
I, ALEXANDER JAMIESON, of Broad Street, Golden Square, London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
REGULATING THE TEMPERATURE OF VULCANIZING APPARATUS FOR VULCANIZING
INDIA-RUBBER USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL TEETH," to be as
follows:-
My improvement consists in the structure and manner of combining
the gas or heat regulating apparatus to the vulcanizing chamber or
boiler.
The regulating apparatus is composed of a tube, through which the
gas flows to the furnace or burner under the vulcanizing chamber or
boiler. The quantity of gas admitted to the burner through this tube is
regulated by the expansion and contraction of mercury, which is placed
in a suitable vessel in connection with the gas tube, and is exposed to
the action of the heat of the steam in the vulcanizing chamber or boiler,
and thereby keep the vulcanizer at any required temperaturo desired by

page_text: regulating the quantity of gas allowed to pass to the burner or burners.
The mercury by preference is placed in a glass tube or chamber, which
is let into the top of the vulcanizer or boiler. The top of this chamber is
provided with a metal tube through which the gas passes for being
admitted to the furnace for heating the vulcanizing chamber or boiler.
When the heat of the steam in the vulcanizing chamber has reached the
proper temperature, the mercury in the gas chamber expands, and
closes or partly closes the gas tube (which is made to extend down in
the mercury chamber) to cut off or regulate the supply of gas to the
furnace, for keeping the vulcanizer at the proper temperature. The gas
tube is provided with a screw thread and nut at the top for regulating
its depth in the mercury chamber, and a spring or other analogous
means is employed for holding it to its place.
This heat regulating apparatus may be applied to any existing known
form of vulcanizing chambers now in common use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES OPERATED BY HEATED AIR AND STEAM COMBINED
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Adams and Benjamin
Jenkins at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 15th March 1873.
We, JOHN, ADAMS, of Powerscroft Road, Naval Engineer, and BEN-
JAMIN JENKINS, of Glenarm Road, Gentleman, both in Lower Clapton,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES OPERATED BY HEATED AIR AND
STEAM COMBINED," to be as follows:-
According to our Invention we provide the top of the fire-box of the
engine with the means for introducing into the furnace or combustion
chamber a jet or jets of water in a finely divided condition, or in the
form of spray by means of a rose or perforated annular pipe, or a series
of injectors.
We employ cocks or other contrivances whereby we can govern the
admission of water to the furnace, and by properly regulating the
supply of water we admit no more than will be vaporized by the hot air,
so that we obtain a mixture of hot air and superheated steam, which

page_text: will be found to produce very beneficial results in the working of the
engine.
In some instances we place over the fire a water chamber communi-
cating at its under side with the combustion chamber by perforations or
pipes. The vapor from this water chamber is mingled with the heated
air and admitted to the cylinder.
Oxygen or other gases may be produced in the aforesaid furnace or
combustion chamber, or may be obained from any convenient source of
supply, and forced into the said furnace by a pump operated by the
engine or otherwise, to ensure the complete combustion of the fuel in:
the said furnace.
The mixed steam and heated air may be used expansively in the
cylinder of the said engine with very great advantage. They may be
expanded between the commencement and termination of the stroke
of the piston from the initial pressure to that of the surrounding 1
atmosphere.
For this purpose we may provide the engine with the apparatus
described in the Provisional Specification filed with the Petition of the
said John Adams for Letters Patent, the Fourteenth day of February,
A.D. 1873.
2
IMPROVEMENT IN THE PROCESS OF PRESERVING AND CONDENSING MILK
Year: 1873

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to Alexander Melville Clark, of 53, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENT IN THE PROCESS OF PRESERVING AND CONDENSING MILK."
-A communication from abroad by Gail Borden, of White Plains,
County of Westchester, and John Gail Borden, of South East,
County of Putnam, both in the State of New York, United States
of America.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Alexander Melville Clark
at tho Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
and Declaration, on the 11th November 1873, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Alexander Melville Clark
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
and Declaration, on the 11th November 1873, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDER
MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, send greeting,

page_text: WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENT
IN THE PROCESS OF PRESERVING AND CONDENSING MILк," and have petitioned
Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn
Declaration that it has been communicated to me from abroad by Gail &
Borden, of White Plains, County of Westchester, and John Gail Borden,
of South East, County of Putnam, both in the State of New York,
United States of America.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Melville Clark, do
hereby declare that the following Complete Specification, under my 1
hand and seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, in and by
the following statement, that is to say :-
Heretofore milk to be preserved and condensed has only been brought
to a boiling heat, which has been found amply sufficient to fit the fluid 1
milk for evaporation in vacuo, and it has heretofore been found necessary
to preserve the milk when condensed to combine sugar with it during
the process of condensation. But for the purpose herein referred to
according to this Invention the milk is placed in any suitable closed
vessel, the same being heated under a pressure to such a degree of 2
temperature, above two hundred and twelve degrees Fahrenheit, as will
destroy the germs of putrescence, or any element, or property in milk
promoting or tending to fermentation, putrefaction, or decomposition.
The milk thus treated is then let into a vacuum pan and condensed in
the ordinary way, and then put into cans and hermetically sealed by the 2
usual and well known means.

page_text: and twelve degrees Fahrenheit for the purpose and substantially as above
set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Melville Clark, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of November,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.
Witness,
HENRY W. DEWEY,
53, Chancery Lane,
London.
A. M. CLARK. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR SINGEING YARN
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Hartley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
January 1873.
I, RICHARD HARTLEY, of New Roadside, near Keighley, in the County
of York, Singer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR SINGEING YARN,”
to be as follows:
-
"
"
This Invention relates to improvements in the machine for this
purpose known as Kay's machine, comprising a number of gas
burners, through the flame proceeding from which the yarn is caused
to pass; but it is found in practice such process does not so completely
remove the loose fibre as is desirable, because some portion or side of
the yarn is more exposed to and acted on by the flame than others,
and so inequality in finish arises. To obviate this defect I construct
the machine with two or more series of pulleys or guide rods over which
the yarn is caused to pass, and the said pulleys or guide rods are

page_text: arranged so as to change the course or line of travel of the yarn in
such manner as to direct the same several times through or over the
flame from the burners, and so secure the whole and every part of the
yarn being exposed to the action of the flame, whereby I secure a
much more regular and better finish.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SEATS OF ROW BOATS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Benson James at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th April 1873.
I, HENRY BENSON JAMES, of Bridge Street, Westminster, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SEATS OF ROW BOATS," to be
as follows:-
:-
I propose to give free and unfettered action to the legs and body of
the rower, firstly, by fitting his seat so as to travel to and fro, not as is
now done upon a lower fixed seat or support but upon bearings on each
side of the body of the boat, and, further by making this seat partly of
elastic instead of wholly of rigid material as hitherto.
I propose to carry the seat upon two, four, or any suitable number of
springs crossing the boat from side to side, and having at each of their
ends friction rollers or grooved wheels travelling in guides or upon rails
formed or fixed on each side of the body of the boat. Or in lieu of
traversing the boat from side to side, the springs may extend only
from the sides of the boat to the seat, that is to say, the inner end of

page_text: each spring may be fixed to one side of the seat its outer end alone
bearing by roller or wheel upon the guide or rail formed or fixed on
each side of the boat.
The guides or rails being at the side of the boat it will be evident that
in the case of boats having several seats my arrangements give a greater
traverse or journey than could be given to an upper seat sliding to and
fro upon a lower one, the breadth of which would be restricted by the
distance necessarily preserved between each seat, and that therefore with
my improved seat the length of stroke will be practically unlimited,
while a freer play to the body of the rower and easier recovery after
each stroke will result from its elasticity.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SASH FASTENER
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Burton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
December 1873.
I, JAMES BURTON, of 113, Gloucester Road, Regent's Park, in the
County of Middlesex, Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED SASH FASTENER," to be as follows:-
It consists of two principal parts, the one a catch, the other a pin or
fastener. The catch is attached to the bottom rail of the outer sash, and
by means of a hinge moves from a horizontal to a vertical position. It
is formed of two loops joined together by a bar fixed to one of them,
that part of this bar which projects into the other loop is cut as a
screw, and by means of a nut fixed thereon the catch can be increased
or diminished in length. The pin is inserted through the top rail of the
inner sash.
The top is half rounded off on one side with a projecting catch on the
opposite side, the nearest loop fits over the round part of this pin, and
the window is secured by a half revolution of the pin, effected by a small

page_text: lever or handle fixed in a shoulder in the bottom of the pin. The pin
revolves on and is secured by half circular plates, two fixed on the upper
and two on the lower part of the sash.
lever or handle fixed in a shoulder in the bottom of the pin. The pin
revolves on and is secured by half circular plates, two fixed on the upper
and two on the lower part of the sash.
74
The catch above described can also be made in a solid piece, that is,
without the connecting bar.
IMPROVEMENTS APPERTAINING TO BOTTLES AND OTHER VESSELS, AND IN STOPPERS AND ARTICLES TO be Employed thEREWITH AND IN THEIR CONSTRUCTION
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Southwood Stocker
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents with his Petition,
on the 22nd December 1873.
I, ALEXANDER SOUTHWOOD STOCKER, of Horsleydown, in the County
of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS APPERTAINING TO BOTTLES AND OTHER VESSELS, AND IN STOPPERS
AND ARTICLES TO be Employed thEREWITH AND IN THEIR CONSTRUCTION,” to be as
follows:-
These improvements relate chiefly to stoppers for securing and
rendering air-tight the contents placed within the vessels to which I
refer, and to articles to be employed with some of such vessels and
stoppers, and in constructing, combining, and connecting them, or parts
of them, in a peculiar manner hitherto not resorted to.
I make the stoppers of any convenient substance, not confining
myself to material, but by preference for its main body I use glass, and
combine therewith india-rubber or other convenient material to render
this part of my Invention complete, and I apply to some of these pieces
of india-rubber, which I use (to their inner parts, so that they shall be

page_text: hidden from sight when in use) hollow pieces of rigid material (not
confining myself to its kind), but by preference I use wood shaped
desirably so as to connect conveniently and in a new manner those parts
which are generally applied to and used with feeding bottles and their
stoppers, except as to that part technically called the union, which by
this part of my Invention has become wholly superseded.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND ORNAMENTATION OF METALLIC BEDSTEADS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF METALLIC FURNITURE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Marrian at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
May 1873.
I, WILLIAM MARRIAN, of the Firm of Bostock and Marrian, of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE AND ORNAMENTATION OF METALLIC BEDSTEADS AND OTHER ARTICLES
OF METALLIC FURNITURE," to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference principally to the manufacture and
ornamentation of the parts of metallic bedsteads called the head and
foot rails, and the connection of the head and foot rails to the pillars
of the said bedsteads as well as to the manufacture and ornamentation
of like parts in other articles of metallic furniture.
In manufacturing head and foot rails according to my Invention I
join the vertical tubes to the horizontal rods or tubes in the following
manner: In the top of the vertical tube I cast by the process called
chill casting a plug or connecting piece having at top a concavity of the
figure of the tube or rod against which it is to fit, the screw to be passed

page_text: through the horizontal tube or rod being fixed in the said connecting
piece by the casting process. The screw being passed through the hole
in the horizontal tube a screw nut is screwed on its end, a washer
having a concave under side to fit the tube being placed under the screw
nut.
In connecting the rail to the pillar of the bedstead or other article I
make a hole in the side of the ornament at the top of the pillar, the end
of the top rod or tube of the rail being passed into the said hole. The
screw on the top of the pillar is passed through the said ornament, and
through a hole in the end of the top rod of the rail, and by the terminal
ornament being screwed on the top of the said screw the parts are
securely fixed together.
In ornamenting the junction pieces of the head and foot rails and like.
parts, I form by stamping from sheet metal an ornamental shell which
when bent into a tubular form encloses and ornaments the horizontal
tube or rod, the said shell having on opposite edges semi-tubular orna-
mental pieces, which when the shell is bent, as before described, meet
and form a tubular ornamental casing to the top of the vertical tube or
rod. The ornamental shell described may either be employed to cover
and ornament junctions formed as herein described or junction pieces
cast in the ordinary manner. In the former case the shell is made from
sheet metal sufficiently strong to require no internal support. In the
latter case the cast junction piece may have the same figure as the orna-
ment, and afford such internal support to the said ornament that it may
be made of very thin brass or other metal.
The method of ornamenting described may be applied to the orna-
menting of various parts of metallic bedsteads and other articles of
metallic furniture.
AN IMPROVED LUBRICANT
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Newton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
March 1873.
I, GEORGE NEWTON, of Wellington Road, Bow, in the County of
Middlesex, Oil Refiner, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED LUBRICANT," to be as follows, that is to say:-
The Invention consists in the compounding or combining of certain
animal, vegetable, and mineral substances with various kinds of pitch,"
either alone or combined together, and by preference with palm pitch,
for the production of a composition especially applicable for lubricating
the axles of railway and other carriages, for machinery, and other
purposes, such composition being produced at a less cost than the
lubricating materials ordinarily employed. This composition can be
made either in the liquid or solid state when applied to lubricating axles,
according to the construction of the box from which it is to be supplied
or fed.
When a stiff composition is required, I take, say, about eight hundred-
weight of the best palm or other pitch, more or less, according to the
degree of solidity required, and to this I add about nine hundredweight

page_text: of green or tar oil, and melt the two together. I also have ready melted
about two hundredweight of animal or vegetable fat, and into this I
place about twenty-five gallons of alkali in solution, marking twenty-
eight degrees by Baumé's hydrometer. I sometimes use soda, potash,
pearlash, or ammonia, of various strengths. This alkaline solution
should be at one hundred degrees Fahrenheit, and the above-mentioned
oil and pitch should be cooled down to the same temperature, when the
two mixtures should be well incorporated together, and again boiled.
For a superior composition I take a better quality of petroleum or
mineral lubricating oil, and melt with it some of the best purified palm
pitch, in the proportion of about one-third of pitch to two-thirds of oil,
the proportions of fat and alkali being about the same as herein-before
stated.
When a liquid lubricant is required I use the best kinds of mineral
oil and the best palm pitch, in the proportions of about one-sixth part
of pitch to five-sixths of palm oil, with one-tenth of animal or vegetable
-fat-or-oil, melted-and-well-mixed-together-without the intervention_of_
alkalies, but I sometimes purify the above stated substances with
alkalies in order to neutralise any acid that may be present previous to
mixing the said compound.
In compounding a commoner kind of lubricant I sometimes take
slaked lime, steatite, fuller's earth, or an analogous substance in com-
bination with oil and pitch, instead of using the herein-before stated
alkalies, and I use wood pitch in combination with palm or other pitch.
The said lubricant or composition may also be modified so as to be:
applicable for coating wire rope, and for lubricating and preserving gear
work. It can also be made suitable for waterproofing tarpaulin and.
other cloth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS OR VALVES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Harrop at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
October 1878.
I, JAMES HARROP, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS OR VALVES," to be as follows :—
The working surfaces or faces of taps or valves are subject to much
wear or corrosion by the action of the steam or fluids passing through or
coming in contact with them, and by dirt or grit which gets upon or
between them, and the object of my Invention is to protect such
surfaces or faces of taps or valves and their spindles from the wear or
corrosive action above referred to.
My improvements are applied to well known taps or valves formed by
a disc on a spindle, the disc having one or more holes in it to correspond
with similar holes in the seating for the steam or fluid to pass through,
and my Invention.consists in surrounding the spindle of the disc valve
with a tube casing carrying at one end a disc which has holes in it to
correspond with those in the valve disc on the spindle. The disc upon
the tube is kept in close contact with that on the spindle by the pressure

page_text: of the steam or fluid, and by the packing placed round the spindle of the
valve the covering disc is provented from moving in a rotary direction
with the valve spindle by a projection which ontors a notch in the casing
or body of the tap or valve.
of the steam or fluid, and by the packing placed round the spindle of the
valve the covering disc is provented from moving in a rotary direction
with the valve spindle by a projection which enters a notch in the casing
or body of the tap or valve.
My improved valve is applicable as a throttle, stop, or junction valve б
for steam and for other purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDS FOR CASTING INGOTS OF STEEL
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Armstrong Richards at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd September 1873.
I, WILLIAM ARMSTRONG RICHARDS, of Swansea, in the County of
Glamorgan, Contractor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDS FOR CASTING INGOTS OF STEEL," to be as
follows:-
My Invention has reference to such moulds for casting ingots of steel
as are made in parts or halves, the mould being divided longitudinally,
and my said Invention consists of the following arrangement of parts for
securely holding the parts or halves of the mould together during the
process of casting the steel ingot therein, and of readily separating the
halves or parts if requisite for the removal of the ingot from the
mould.
The edges of the halves or parts of the mould are provided with
recesses and projections which fit in each other respectively, when the
parts of the mould are put together and determine their exact relative

page_text: In order securely to retain the parts or halves of the ingot mould in
position during the casting process, I employ one or more rings made by
preferonce of wrought iron or steel. These rings aro placed around the
mould near the top and bottom when only two are used, and when more
than two rings are used the additional rings are placed around parts of
the mould between the top and bottom. The said ring or rings are fixed
in their places respectively upon the mould by means of wedges or keys
inserted and driven at two or more points between each ring and the
ingot mould, or by means of screws which are passed through concave
screws or screwed holes in the said rings, the ends of the said screws
when driven home pressing against the ingot mould and binding the
rings firmly thereon.
For the more convenient fixing of the lower ring the ingot mould
may be placed upon a cast-iron base plate having a slight rim somewhat
larger than the base of the mould. The base of the mould is placed
within the rim described and the bottom fixing ring is supported on the
said rim, and the wedges or keys are driven between the fixing ring and
the base of the mould, while the mould and ring are in the relative
positions described.
:
The top fixing ring may be supported in its place before the insertion
of the wedges or keys by means of projections or by a shoulder near tho
top of the mould. The fixing rings aro similarly supported when screws
are employed instead of wedges or key's. After the ingot has been cast
if it be found necessary to separate the halves or parts of the mould, the
wedges or keys are removed by blows from a hammer or the screws are
partly withdrawn, when the bottom ring if more than one ring be used
will fall from the mould, and the upper ring and intermediate rings
when intermediate rings are used may be lifted from off the mould, and
the parts of the mould may then bo separated for the removal of the
steel ingot.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH STOP VALVES OB TAPS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
February 1873.
I, ROBERT BROWN, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, Brass Founder, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH STOP VALVES OB
TAPS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has principally for its object the constructing of stop
valves or taps and parts in connection therewith in an improved manner,
and so that each valve or tap can be disconnected for repairs or renewal
without interfering with the pipe or vessel to which it is connected, and
without occasioning waste of the water, steam, or other fluid, or
requiring the supply to be otherwise cut off.
The improved valve or tap comprises a body part and a connecting
part. The connecting part which is to be soldered or otherwise joined or
coupled to the supply pipe is formed with a valve seat, and is provided
with a conical or disc valve which opens against the pressure. The body

page_text: part is made to screw into the mouth of the connecting part, or it may
be attached by means of flanges and screws.
In one modification of the body part it is made with a valve seat, and
is provided with a conical or disc valve opening against the pressure liko
that of the connecting part, and cither of the valves is made with a
projecting spindle whereby the valve of the connecting part is pushed
open by the valve of the body part when the latter is open. The opening
of the valve in the body part is effected by means of an eccentric or
cam formed or fixed on a spindle which passes to the outside of the body
part and has a handle formed or fixed on it externally.
In another modification the body part is fittod with an ordinary
conical plug; or any known construction of the body part and its valvo
may be adopted provided the entering end of the body part is formed or
fitted with a hollow perforated thimble, or with a spindle that will
push open the valve in the connecting part when the body part is
screwed into its place.