IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER."
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edmund Hamborough Joynson, of St. Mary's Cray,
in the County of Kent, Paper Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edmund Hamborough
Joynson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
. on the 26th April 1861.
I, EDMUND HAMBOROUGH JOYNSON, of St. Mary's Cray, in the County of
Kent, Paper Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," to be as
follows:-
My Invention of improvements in machinery for the manufacture of paper
consists, firstly, of an improved machine or apparatus for washing rags pre-
paratory to converting them into pulp for the manufacture of paper; secondly,
to an improvement in that part of the paper machine at which the pulp is
supplied to the wire; thirdly, to a novel arrangement of apparatus for sizing
the paper.
My improved machine for washing rags consists of a long vessel or chest
plentifully supplied with water, and to which the dirty rags are supplied
by means of a travelling endless belt, or in any other convenient manner.
The long vessel or chest is provided with a perforated false bottom for the
purpose of allowing the grit and other impurities, as they are washed from
the rags, to pass through and be removed from the clean rags. In this long
vessel or chest is mounted a long shaft provided with inclined .arms or vanes,
which, as the shaft rotates, will stir up, agitate, and thereby wash the rags, and

page_text: at the same time will gradually carry them forward to the further end of the
long vessel or chest, from which they are lifted or carried up an inclined
channel by means of a travelling endless band or chain provided with a series
of forks, teeth, tines, or plates which will carry up the solid matters, such as the
washed rags, and allow the water to run away through the perforated false
bottom of the inclined channel. The cleaned rags, as soon as they arrive at
the top of the inclined channel, are delivered into any convenient receptacle,
and are conveyed away to the pulping engine.
My second improvement relates to that part of the paper machine at which
the pulp is supplied from the vat (which receives it from the pulping engine)
to the travelling endless wire cloth. In paper machines of the ordinary con-
struction this part of the machine is usually provided with two or more
thin metal blades called slicers, which are set up vertically, and serve to
regulate the thickness of the layer of pulp as it is carried forward by the
travelling endless wire cloth. These slicers but imperfectly effect the intended
object, and my present improvement consists in employing one, two, or more-
plain, fluted, or corrugated rollers, which are, mounted in adjustable bearings,
and are made to rotate in an opposite direction to that in which the endless
wire cloth travels. The pulp is supplied to the apron of the machine in the
usual manner, and from thence it flows to the endless wire cloth, and as the
surfaces of the rollers above mentioned travel in the opposite direction,
the upper part of the layer of pulp will be retarded and will, to a certain
extent, be thrown backward, and by this means a better result than usual will
be obtained.
In sizing paper in the ordinary manner the paper is simply passed from the
cylinders of the paper machine into the sizing vat under one or two rollers,
from which it rises up out of the size, and passes between a pair of pressing or
squeezing rollers, whereby the superfluous size is squeezed out or removed.
My improvement consists in causing the paper to pass alternately under
and over rollers, so that the air that may be in the paper may be pressed out
from both sides, and the size be caused to enter more perfectly into the body
of the paper.
Another improvement consists in heating the pair of pressing rollers.between
which the paper passes when it leaves the sizing vat, which is also provided
with a false bottom, so that the size may be kept warm and at a uniform
temperature. The pressing rolls may be heated either by steam, hot water,
or in any other convenient manner, and by this means there will be no danger
of chilling the size as now sometimes occurs.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edmund Hamborough Joynson in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 26th October 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDMUND
HAMBOROUGH JOYNSON, of Saint Mary's Cray, in the County of Kent, Paper
Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Edmund Hamborough Joynson, Her special license that I, the said Edmund
Hamborough Joynson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Edmund Hamborough Joynson, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom or
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Edmund Hamborough Joynson,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edmund Hamborough Joynson, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto:
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
My Invention of improvements in the manufacture of paper consists, firstly,
of an improved machine or apparatus for washing rags preparatory to convert-
ing them into pulp for the manufacture of paper; secondly to an improvement
in that part of the paper machine at which the pulp is supplied to the wire;
thirdly, to a novel arrangement of apparatus for sizing the paper.
My improved machine for washing rags consists of a long vessel or chest,
plentifully supplied with water, and in which the dirty rags are supplied.
by means of a travelling endless belt, or in any other convenient manner.
The long vessel or chest is provided with a perforated false bottom for the.

page_text: purpose of allowing the dirt, grit, and other impurities as they are washed
from the rags to pass through and be removed from the cleaned rags. In
this long vessel or chest is mounted a long shaft (which I call the stirrer
shaft) provided with inclined arms or vanes, which as the shaft rotates, will
stir up and agitate the rags in the water and thereby wash them, and at
the same time will gradually carry them forward to the further end of the
long vessel or chest from which they are lifted or carried up an inclined channel
by means of a travelling endless band or chain provided with a series of
forks, teeth, tines, or plates, which will carry up the cleansed solid matters, such
as the washed rags, and allow the water and dirt to run away through the
perforated false bottom of the inclined channel. The cleaned rags, as soon as
they arrive at the top of the inclined channel, are delivered into any convenient
receptacle, and are conveyed away to the pulping engine. The perforated false
bottom of the vessel in which the rags to be operated upon are placed, is
curved to conform to the arc described by the rotating arms of the stirrer
shaft. I sometimes propose to place the stirrer shaft within a perforated
rotating cylinder or vessel, which is open at both ends, and is mounted in an
outer vessel which is plentifully supplied with water. Rotary motion is
communicated to the perforated cylinder in one direction, while the stirrer shaft
is made to revolve in the opposite direction, and by making the perforated
cylinder open at both ends the rags may be supplied continuously at one end,
and when cleansed or washed will be delivered at the other end, and will be
lifted up the inclined channel above mentioned and deposited in any suitablo
receptacle.
In Sheet I. of the accompanying Drawings I have shewn views of one modi-
fication of my improved washing machine in which the rags to be washed are
placed in a rotating perforated cylinder as above mentioned. Fig. 1 is a
longitudinal vertical section of the machine, and Figure 2 a transverse vertical
section of the same.
a, a, a, a, represents the outer case or vessel, which is constructed of wood
or any suitable material and is kept well. supplied with water; b, b, b, b,
is a rotating vessel open at both ends and covered on its side with perforated
metal or wire gauze. A central shaft c is mounted in bearings fixed in the
ends of the outer vessel or casing, and is provided with blades or arms c', c', c³,
which are keyed on to the shaft in a helical direction with their faces set at an
angle to the shaft, so that when they rotate in the water they may cause a
current or draught towards the exit opening * The ends of the vessel b, b,
are grooved all round as shewn at b, b, and rest upon edge plates, which being
inserted in the grooves b¹, b', act as guides, and allow the vessel to be moved

page_text: round, but do not admit of its moving in a longitudinal direction. The central or
stirrer shaft c is the main shaft of the machine, and is driven by a band coming
from any prime mover, and passing over a pulley d on the end of the shaft.
On this same shaft is a pulley or wheel e, over which passes an endless belt fi
provided with teeth, tines, or plates f',f', and when the shaft c rotates the teeth;
tines, or plates f¹, f¹, dip down into the space g at the end of the rotating
cylinder, and pick up the rags or fibrous substances that have been brought
there by the action of the blades or stirrers c. The rags to be operated upon
are placed by the attendant on the travelling endless apron h, which is actuated
by a belt i, which passes round a pulley j, and is actuated by another pulley
above on the overhead shaft k, which latter is driven by a belt 1 that passes
round a pulley on the main shaft c, and round another pulley above on the
overhead shaft k. Belts m, m, from other pullies on the shaft k, pass round
metallic or other bands on the ends of the perforated vessel b, b, and thereby
communicate a slow rotary motion thereto. It is not absolutely necessary
to keep this vessel 6 in constant motion, but as it is found that by so doing
the perforations are not so liable to choke up with lint as when the vessel is
stationary it is preferable to keep the vessel in rotation. The operation of the
machine is as follows:-The rags upon being placed on the endless apron h
are carried forward and dropped into the space h at one end of the vessel b.
and a slight current or draught being established in the vessel 6 by the action.
of the stirrers c', the rags will move forward and be agitated in the water by
the stirrers, and all dirt or other impurities that are capable of being removed
by water will be washed off, and the heavy matters will pass through the per-.
forated sides of the vessel and fall down to the bottom of the casing, from whence.
they may be drawn off from time to time as may be desired. By the time.
the rags will have arrived at the other end of the vessel b. they will be quite:
cleansed, and in this state will pass out of the vessel into the space g, from
whence they will be lifted up by the teeth, tines, or plates f¹ of the endless;
belt f, and deposited in any suitable. receptacle.
My second improvement relates to that part of the paper machine at.
which the pulp is supplied from the vat (which receives it from the pulping.
engine) to the travelling endless wire cloth. In paper machines of the
ordinary construction this part of the machine is usually provided with two
or more thin. metal blades, called slicers, which are set up vertically, and
serve to regulate the thickness of the layer of pulp as it is carried forward.
by the travelling endless wire cloth. The slicers but imperfectly effect
the intended object, and my present improvement consists in employing.
one, two, or more plain fluted or corrugated rollers, which are mounted in.

page_text: adjustable bearings, and are made to rotate in an opposite direction to
that in which the endless wire cloth travels. The pulp is supplied to the apron
of the machine in the usual manner, and from thence it flows to the endless
wire cloth, and as the surfaces of the rollers above mentioned travel in the
opposite direction; the upper part of the layer of pulp will be retarded, and
will, to a certain extent be thrown backward, and by this means a better
result than usual will be obtained.
I
ก
Fig. 3, Sheet II. of the Drawings, is a longitudinal vertical section of so
much of a paper machine as is necessary to explain this part.of my Invention;
is the trough or receptable into which the pulp is supplied in the ordinary
way from the pulp vat. An adjustable sliding gate n regulates the supply
of the pulp from this trough to the machine; o, o is the travelling endless
wire cloth, which passes round rollers as at o³, and is supported on a series
of small rollers 02, 02. India-rubber side straps p, p, prevent the pulp from
spreading laterally beyond the wire cloth, and the surface of the pulp is
partially smoothed, and its thickness regulated by the transverse vertical
metal blades or plates 9, which are adjustable vertically, as shewn in the
Drawing; is a roller (of which, however, there may be two or more if desired)
with a plain, fluted, or corrugated surface, and which is made (by means of
suitable gearing) to rotate in the direction of the arrow, that is, in a direction
contrary to that in which the pulp is travelling. By means of this roller
(which is capable of adjustment,) a smooth and even surface, is given to the
pulp, and paper of more uniform thickness than heretofore is produced. In
sizing paper in the ordinary manner, the paper is simply passed from the
cylinders of the paper machine into the sizing vat, under one or two rollers
from which it rises up out of the size, and passes between a pair of pressing or
squeezing rollers whereby the superfluous size is squeezed out or removed.
My next improvement relates to this part of the paper machine, and
consists in causing the paper to pass alternately under and over rollers,
mounted in bearings in the sizing vat, so that any bubbles of air that may
be in the paper may be pressed out from both sides, and the size be caused
to enter more perfectly into the body of the paper.
Another improvement in connection with this part of the machine consists
in heating the pair of pressing rollers between which the paper passes when
it leaves the sizing vat, which is also provided with a false bottom, so that
the size may be kept warm, and at an uniform temperature. The pressing rolls
may be heated either by steam, hot water, or in any other convenient manner,
and by this means there will be no danger of chilling the size, as now some-
times occurs.

page_text: space
Fig. 4, Sheet II., represents a sectional view of the sizing vessel of a paper-
making machine constructed and arranged according to my improvements.
The course of the paper from the machine through the sizing vessel to the
drying apparatus is indicated by the red line in Fig. 4. The sizing vessel
8, 8, s, is lined with sheet lead, and is provided with a perforated false bottom
s which when covered with sheet lead, as shewn in the Drawing, forms a
s at the bottom of the sizing vessel, and is intended to receive hot
water whereby the size is kept at the required temperature. The paper as
it comes from the paper-making machine passes under the guide roller t,
and alternately over and under the sizing rollers u, u, u, u, which are mounted
in adjustable bearings, and are all actuated by means of bands whereby
they are driven in the direction indicated by the arrows in the Figure. By
thus acting alternately on the top and bottom sides of the paper any air
contained therein will be expelled, and the size made to penetrate more
certainly into the body of the paper. From the last sizing roller u the
paper passes up to and between a pair of metal pressing rollers v, v, which
are heated by steam from the pipes w, w, and from thence the sized paper
passes to the drying machine.
Having now described my Invention of "Improvements in Machinery for
the Manufacture of Paper," and having explained the manner of carrying
the same into effect, I claim as the Invention secured to me by Letters
Patent, as aforesaid,―
First, the machine or apparatus above described, or any mere modification
thereof, for washing rags preparatory to converting them into pulp.
Second, the adaptation to the travelling endless belt or apron on which
the pulp is delivered of a rotating roller or rollers whereby the pulp is more
evenly spread over the travelling endless belt than heretofore.
Third, I claim the arrangement of apparatus herein set forth for sizing
paper.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edmund Hamborough Joynson, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Twenty-sixth day of October,
in the year of our Lord, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
E. H. JOYNSON. (L.s.)