Year: 1888

page_text: We, MAURICE ERNEST DOUANE and AMÉDÉE JOBIN of No. 23 Avenue Parmentier,
Paris, France, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to refrigerating apparatus of the kind in which a volatile
fluid such as chloride of methyl is alternately vaporised and condensed by pumping.
We provide against escape of the Huid by arranging the refrigerating apparatus so
that the stuffing boxes are covered by a layer of glycerine or other suitable liquid,
forming a hydraulic joint, and we apply a like arrangement to the stop vaives
employed in the apparatus. We so construct and arrange the congealing parts of the
apparatus that the volatile fluid acts directly on the water to be congealed without
the intermediary circulation of an uncongealable liquid, thus simplifying the
construction and economising space and power. And, finally, we construct the spring
valves for the pumps in a simple manner which ensures their tight closure and gives
great freedom of passage for fluid when they open. We shall describe our improve-
ments referring to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a vertical section and Fig. 2 is a plan shewing a construction and
arrangement of a single pump for drawing in, compressing and discharging the vapour
of the volatile fluid. The cylinder A which is single acting fitted with piston D com-
municates with a closed space A¹ below it enclosing the connecting rod and the crank B
the shaft of which passes through a stuffing box A. In order to seal this hydraulically
against escape of the volatile fluid we charge the space A' to above the level of the
stuffing box with glycerino or other suitable liquid. The space in A' above the liquid
communicates by a pipe I with the suction pipe G so as to prevent accumulation
of vapour under pressure in A¹. The suction and discharge valves G and H may be
of ordinary construction, as shewn, or they may be of a construction hereinafter
described. As the piston D descends, vapour is drawn in by the pipe G¹ valve G and
passage F, and as the piston ascends the vapour is compressed and passes by F and
the valve H to the discharge pipe H³.

page_text: The cylinder is surrounded by a water jacket E through which is circulated, for
cooling, water entering at E¹ and issuing at E. The space A¹ can be emptied by
opening the screw plug A³.
Figs. 3 and 4 are vertical sections on planes at right angles to one another, and
Fig. 5 is a plan of apparatus with two pumps suited for refrigeration on a larger
scale. The cranks on the shaft B are set opposite to one another so that the one of
the pistons D ascends while the other descends.
The two cylinders A which are connected by a cross rib A³ extend some depth
below the extreme of the strokes of their pistons D and communicate with each
other in the space A' which is charged with liquid covering the stuffing boxes A².
The suction pipe G₁ and the discharge pipe H have each two branches G and H³
respectively to the suction and discharge valves of the two cylinders at G. From
the cover A a pipe I leads to the suction pipe G to provide against accumulation
of vapour under pressure in the space A¹ A³. The cylinders A A are enclosed in a
casing E with cold water supplied by a pipe El and issuing by pipe E2.
Figs. 6, 7, 8, represent a refrigerating machine suitable for moderate production.
Fig. 8 is a plan shewing the congealing part of the apparatus at a little distance
from the pumping part. Fig. 6 is a transverse section on M. N. Fig. 7 is a
longitudinal section on X Y, Fig. 8. There is a single pump with its piston D
worked from crank B in the closed space A which is charged with liquid covering
the stuffing box, A². The pump draws vapour from the congealer by the pipe G and
suction valve G and forces it into the liquifier J, which is placed at the side of the
pump in the same cold water tank E. The liquifier consists of a coil and central
recipient whence a pipe J³ leads into the annular vessel or congealer K' and from this
the vapour passes back to the suction pipe G'. The congealer K' is enclosed in the
water vessel L which is made with a double wall containing non-conducting material
and with a wooden bottom supported on a vertical shaft L which is held up by a
setting screw L. By means of sliding bolts M the bottom of L is connected
to a pulley N which is caused to revolve by a band from a pulley N¹ on the
pump shaft.
By the rotation of L which has inwardly projecting wings L', the water under
congelation is kept moving thereby producing clear ice. Also a fixed rod O may
project down into the water to give agitation. The internal space of the annular
vessel may receive hot water or steam to detach the ice produced outside the vessel,
which, in order to give better conduction has its annular cavity crossed by radiating
ribs as shewn in the sectional plan Fig. 9. For removing the annular block of ice,
hot water or steam is introduced into the central space of K, the bolts M M are
withdrawn and the setting screw L is loosened allowing the rod L³ to slide down
along with the vessel L as indicated by the dotted lines in Fig. 6. The congealer
may be made entirely annular as shewn in section at Fig. 10, tapered both inside and
outside, the water to be congealed occupying the centre as well as the exterior.
Fig. 11 is a section of a stop valve provided with a hydraulic joint. c is the
valvo governing the passage from a to b; on its screwed stem d works a nut pinion
gearing with another pinion e on the spindle e¹ which passes through a stuffing
box g and can be turned by a handwheel. The cavity containing the pinion e is
charged with glycerine or other suitable liquid covering the stuffing box; f¹ are
screw plugs for introducing or drawing off the liquid. Fig. 12 is a section shewing
a modified arrangement of stop valve.
In this case the screwed spindle d of the valve c passes directly through the cavity f,
containing the liquid, and the stuffing box g to the hand wheel e.
Fig. 13 is a section of one of the pump valves. Fig. 14 a plan, and Fig. 15 a
sectional plan taken above the seating. The valve is a disc c thickened at the middle
which is pressed on the seating A by a spring R.
This spring has its central part projecting up into a cavity of the cap B which
is connected by ribs m to a ring a screwed on to the seating A. The arrangement of
the spring serves to guide the valve, which moreover is prevented from being much
displaced by the ribs m. The spring when compressed occupies little room and bears

page_text: very uniformly over the valve, and when the valve is open there is free passage for
fluid all round the seating.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is,
1. In refrigerating apparatus, preventing escape of the volatile fluid employed by
covering the stuffing boxes by a layer of glycerine or other suitable liquid, forming
a hydraulic joint substantially as described.
2. The construction and arrangement of a single pump for refrigerating apparatus
substantially as described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2.
3. The construction and arrangement of a double pump substantially as described
with reference to Figs. 3, 4 and 5.
4. The construction and arrangement of refrigerating apparatus substantially as
described with reference to Figs. 6, 7 and 8.
5. The construction of congealing vessels of annular form substantially as described
with reference to Figs. 9 and 10.
6. The construction of stop valves for refrigerating apparatus with hydraulically
sealed stuffing boxes substantially as described with reference to Figs. 11 and 12.
7. The construction of spring valve for refrigerating apparatus substantially as
described with reference to Figs. 13, 14 and 15.
Dated this 29th day of September 1888.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.