Improvements in Lamp Shades.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Feb., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 1st Nov., 1897-Accepted, 4th Dec., 1897
Improvements in Lamp Shades.
JOHN STEWARD WATKINS 75 Mark Lane London E.C. Clerk do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:
-
Is a combination of a lamp shade ordinary and a cup or small shade (or ring
in the case of a standard lamp) placed underneath the lamp or globe so as to
exclude the direct light downwards the upper edge of cup cutting the rays cqual
to the lower edge of shade so that only a reflected light is obtained. I propose to
make these shades of cardboard or any other opaque material. The two shades
are supported by one frame of wire or other suitable substance. The shades are
specially applicable for offices there is no glare only a soft reflected light can be
fixed to hanging or standard lamps.
I, JOHN STEWART WATKINS, of 75 Mark Lane, in the County of London, Clerk,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to lamp shades, and has for its object to ensure a softer
light than that obtained by lamp shades as heretofore used.
It consists in a combination of lamp shade ordinary and an inverted small shade
placed underneath the light so as to exclude the direct light downwards, the upper
edge of the cup being sufficiently high as to prevent the light being visible so that
only a reflected light is obtained.
I propose to make the shade of cardboard or any other opaque material.
The two shades may be supported by one frame of wire or other suitable sub-
stance or the cup may be fixed to the base of globe (in the case of electric light)
by screw or other means.
The shades are specially useful for offices or where a concentrated diffused light
is desired (by "concentrated diffused" I mean given an even light over a limited
area) as by my invention a beautifully soft light is obtained.
In order that my invention may be more fully understood I append drawings
in which
Fig. 1 Shews my invention as applied to a hanging electric lamp.
Fio 2 Shews my invention as applied to a standard electric lamp.

page_text: Figs. 4 and 5 shew my invention as applied to an incandescent, gas hanging or
standard paraffin lamp.
Referring to Fig. 1 A indicates the lamp shade or deflector, and B the cup or
reflector of smaller dimensions than the shade, this cup is preferably of the shape
ot an inverted cone and rests on a circular or similar shaped ring a, which is
supported by wires a connected with the frame that holds the shade A, or they
may be cemented to the base of the globe as shewn in Fig. 3 so as to be easily
detached when required, and is so placed as to reflect the light on to the shade A
(which deflects it into the room) and to ensure that only a reflected light shall be
obtained.
Referring to Fig. 2 which shews my invention applied to a standard electric
light, the shade A rests on a frame which is supported by the top of the standard,
the cup B restng on a gallery, or supported by the frame which holds the shade.
Referring now to Fig. 4 which shews my invention applied to an incandescent
lamp; A is the shade or deflector and B the cup, which is shewn placed in a lower
position relative to the shade than in Fig. 1. Dis the wire or similar framework
on which the shade A is supported, and E is the ledge, gallery, or projection around
the bottom of the burner on which the framework of shade, and also the cup,
rest.
In the form shewn in Fig. 5 the cup and framework of shade may be connected
to each other at their bottom edges.
It will be understood that my invention can be applied to all kind of lamps other
than those illustrated and described, as constructional differences only are necessary
in the lamp itself.
"Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is "
1. For use with lamps, the combination of the cup or reflector 13 with the
shade A, for the purpose of securing a steady and soft light, substantially as shewn
and described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
2. For use with electric, gas, paraffin and other lamps, a cup or reflector prefer-
ably formed of the shape of an inverted cone or truncated cone, composed of tin,
cardboard, or any other suitable opaque reflecting material, suspended or hung
by a ring attached to the shade or deflector by any number of wires or other
suitable means, in such manner as to reflect the light upwardly on to the shade
which in its turn reflects it downwardly into the room or other place, substantially
as shewn and described with reference to Fig. 1.
3. For use with electric, gas, paraffin or other lamps. the cup or reflector B.
preferably formed of the shape of an inverted truncated cone, so disposed that
its bottom and smaller edge rests upon a ledge or gallery round the burner, and
arranged so as to reflect the light, upwardly upon the shade which in its turn
reflects the light downwardly into the room or other place, substantially as shewn
and described with reference to Figs. 2 and 3.
Dated this first day of November 1897.