Apparatus for Heating Buildings, applicable to Horticultural Purposes, and to Hatching and Rearing Poultry and Game.
Year: 1853

page_text: Apparatus for Heating Buildings, applicable to
Horticultural Purposes, and to Hatching and
Rearing Poultry and Game.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Newton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
June 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JOSEPH NEWTON, of Ickwell, in the County of Bedford, Horti-
culturist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING BUILDINGS, APPLICABLE ALSO ΤΟ
HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES, AND TO HATCHING AND REARING POULTRY AND
GAME," to be as follows:-
This Invention "consists, firstly, in a new mode of arranging and
combining together certain parts so as to constitute a hot water appa-
ratus, which may either be fixed or portable. Secondly, in a new
mode of arranging and disposing certain flues and pipes in connection
with said hot water apparatus, to be employed as conduits for heated
air. Thirdly, in the use and application of balance thermometers in
combination with such said apparatus and flues, for the purp se of
regulating the degree of heat to which it may be required to warm or

page_text: rarefy the air admitted into any particular room or chamber of a dwell-
ing house or other building so as to maintain a regular and uniform
fixed degree of temperature therein, notwithstanding the temperature
of the hot water apparatus, and the air in the flues and pipes may be
in excess of the temperature required in the room or chamber to be
beated; and it is proposed by this Invention to effect this by placing a
thermometer in each room or chamber to be heated, and having
adjusted the balance weight and index on each thermometer to the
degree of temperature required, the thermometers are then connected
by strings or wires to valves suitably arranged and disposed for the
admiss on and emission of heated air, said valves being operated upon
in the following manner, that is to say: the expansion of the ether in
one of the horizontal legs of the thermometer acting upon the surface
of the mercury in one of the bulbs in the other leg forces the mercury
along such leg into the other bulb at the opposite end, and thereby
overbalances this end of the leg, thereby pulling the string or wire
affixed thereto, and closing that valve through which the heated air is
admitted, and opening another valve to allow the heated air to escape;
and as the temperature becomes lowered, and, consequently, the expan-
sion of the ether less, the mercury follows the ether as it retires, and
thereby opens the ingress valve slightly, and closes the egress-valve in
the same proportion, until the legs of the thermometer are balanced,
and thus a perfectly uniform degree of heat may be sustained so long
as the degree of heat in the flues is not less than that required in the
room or chamber to be heated. But in order to explain the nature of
this Invention more fully reference must be had to the illustrative
Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the numeral figures and letters of
reference marked thercon respectively, as follows:
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
At Sheet 1, Fig. 1, exhibits a transverse and vertical section of a
building and hot water apparatus, shewing the mode of setting the
boiler thereof, and of arranging and disposing certain pipes and flues
in connection therewith, and intended to be employed as conduits for
hot water, heated air, and cold air, as follows:-A, marks the furnace;
B, the boiler; C, C, hot water pipes connected to tanks D, D ;

page_text: E, E, stop-cocks for regulating the supply of water to said tanks; G, a
warm air chamber surrounding the boiler B; H, a vertical flue through
middle of boiler communicating with a smoke chamber I, in which
iron plates K, are fixed to increase the surface for the passage of the
smoke and gases into the chimney; L, L, warm air pipes, one end of
cach of which is open to the chamber G, and the other end to the
chamber M; N, a floor for dividing the chamber M, from another
chamber O, a communication being established between the chambers
M, and O, by valves P, and Q, shewn also at Sheet 2; R, is the
ceiling of the building, which is of iron, with the top thereof covered
with sand or other non-conductor of heat for preventing loss of heat
by radiation; S, is a cold air drain communicating with the chamber G,
by the flue T, and with the chamber O, beneath the tank by the venti-
lator U, for regulating the quantity of cold air admitted thereto. The
arrangement of the valves and dampers for regulating the admission
and emission of heated air to the different rooms or chambers of dwelling
hous s and other buildings will be better understood by referring to
Sheet 2, where W, marks a chimney breast, the lower part whereof is
formed with a chamber W', to be used as a reservoir for heated air;
X, a mantel piece, the upper part whereof is provided with a valve a,
which communicates with the chamber W. The valve a, is opened
and closed by a balance thermometer of the construction before men-
tioned, and the communication between the reservoir W1, may be shut
off by the attendant pulling a handle Y, to which is attached by a wire
the stopper Z, which closes the end of the hot air pipe; of these pipes
there may be several connected together by pipes, one or more of
which may be in cominunication with separate rooms or chambers, in
each of which different degrees of heat may be uniformly sustained.
And it should be observed, that this principle of heating, when applied
to the hatebing and rearing of poultry and game, and the heating of
buildings for horticultural and other purposes, will be found more
effective than the modes hitherto employed for similar purposes, and
thereby constitutes this Invention.