A NEW METHOD OF COMBINING, ADJUSTING, AND APPLYING BY MACHINERY CERTAIN OF THE WELL-KNOWN MECHANICAL POWERS, AND MODIFICATIONS THEREOF, WHERE POWER AND VELOCITY ARE REQUIRED
Year: 1820

page_text: SCOTT, of Grafton Street, Dublin, Watchmaker, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth did, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of that part of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland called England, bearing date at Westminster, the
Eleventh day of May, in the first year of His reign, give and grant unto me,
the said James Scott, my exors, admors, and assigns, His especial licence, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said James Scott, my exors,
adiñors, and assigns, during the term of years therein mentioned, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all His Majesty's Colonies and Plan-
tations abroad, my Invention of "A NEW METHOD OF COMBINING, ADJUSTING, AND
APPLYING BY MACHINERY CERTAIN OF THE WELL-KNOWN MECHANICAL POWERS, AND
MODIFICATIONS THEREOF, WHERE POWER AND VELOCITY ARE REQUIRED;" in which
said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso that if I, the said James Scott,
shall not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent, that then the said Letters Patent, and all
liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby granted, shall utterly cease,
determine, and become void, as in and by the same, relation being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Scott, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described and
ascertained in and by the Drawing hereunto annexed, and the following descrip-
tion thereof (that is to say):-
In Fig. 1, A, A, is a lever, turning upon a fulcrum-or stud at B, and having
the curved body C, C, which I term my motion converter, attached to it, the
construction of which I shall describe hereafter. It has also two rollers affixed
to it at D, D, which act upon a plane surface on the frame of the machine, to
preserve its motion, horizontally or vertically, as may be required, and has
besides a socket at E to receive the handle of the lever. The motion converter
acts by its curved surfaces at C, C, upon three friction rollers, F, F, F, Fig. 2,
which turn on pivots, partly acting in holes made in the face of a wheel G, G,
and partly in other holes made in the frame plates H, H, H. The wheel is
mounted upon an axis I, supported at each end by pivots turning in proper
bearings affixed to the frame J, J, of the machine. Figs. 3, 4, and 5 shew
three different positions of the converter C, C, as acting upon the rollers F, F, F.
Fig. 6 is a side view and section of Fig. 4, and Fig. 7 an end view, the same
letters referring to the same parts in all these Figures. The converter C, C
has an opening inside of it at K, to permit the axis I of the wheel G, G, to
pass through, and a stop piece or banking L, L, is affixed to the frame J, J, to
limit the action of the lever A, A, sideways. There is also a catch M, with its
spring N, affixed upon the frame J, J, which hooks into one of the six gaps or
notches 0, 0, &c., made around the wheel. G, G, holds it still, and prevents it
from turning in a wrong direction in use. In order the better to understand
the action of the motion converter C, C, upon the three friction rollers F, F, F,
I shall mark each roller by a different number, as 1, 2, and 3. In Fig. 3 the
lever A, A, is represented as being pushed towards the left hand as far as it can
be moved in that direction, and its curved surface. C acting against the friction
roller F 1, so as to move the wheel G in the direction shewn by the arrow;
if now the lever be moved towards, the right hand, the opposite curved surface
of the converter C will act against the friction roller F 2, as shewn in Fig. 4,
and have moved the wheel G a certain distance; if the lever be then carried
as far as it can go towards the right hand, the converter C will have turned
the wheel G one sixth part of a revolution, as shewn in Fig. 5; and in like
manner, by moving the lever, in the contrary direction, or towards the left
hand, as far as it can move, the opposite curved surface of the converter C
will act upon the roller F 3, and carry the wheel round another sixth part of
a revolution; and thus, by continuing the action of the lever, the wheel will be
...
".

page_text: carried round by six motions of the lever, the catch M retaining it in each
situation between the motions, as before mentioned.
I shall now proceed to describe how the curved surfaces C, C, of the motion
converter, are generated. And first, let it be premised that the size of the
converter depends upon the size of the rollers F, F, F, and those upon the
diameter of the wheel G, G, and that the rollers may generally be one sixth of
the diameter of the wheel. Let then a line be drawn through the centres of
any two of the rollers F, F, F, as in Fig. 2, and let thé distance P, Q, between
the peripheries of the rollers be divided into six equal parts, as at R, S, T, U, V,
and Q, from U; at the distance U, P, describe with the compasses the arc .W, P,
as in Fig. 1, and with the same radius from the point S describe the arc X, Q;
then with the radius P, V, in Fig. 2, from the point V in Fig. 1, describe the
arc P, X, and from the point R with the same radius describe the arc Q, W,
which completes the figure of the converter. In order to adjust the situation
of the converter C, C, within the rollers F, F, F, of the wheel G, G, the
stud B, or fulcrum of the lever A, A, is fixed in a slit Y in the frame J, J,
so as to admit of being moved nearer to or farther from the centre of the
wheel. Z, in Fig. 6, is a key to secure the handle of the lever A; A, within its
socket E.
This machine may be composed of wood, metal, or other fit and proper mate-
rials, and may be actuated by the human power, horses, or other means, so as
to be used for the lifting of heavy bodies, propelling of vessels, ships, purchases,
drawing of carriages, pumping, sawing, turning, grinding, &c., and may be
introduced into machinery for the manufactories, either as an auxiliary or as a
first mover, as by this contrivance both reciprocating and rotary motions are
at once obtained, without the assistance of crank or pinion, with the least possible
friction, and in a manner different from all other motions, being.. a continued
internal action upon the rollers of the wheel by the converter at each recipro-
cation of the lever. Several converters may be fixed along the lever, and may
be made to act at once upon as many different wheels with rollers.
Figure 8 shews an application of this machine to raise a weight, and then to
draw it in a straight or oblique direction to or from any distance from the machine.
The pulley 1 being fixed over the point required, the rope or chain 2, 2, is
wound upon the upper part of the cylindrical axis I, I, of the wheel G, G, until
the weight 3 is raised up close to the pulley 1; the other rope or chain 4 is
then hooked to the lower part of the cylinder I, I, and is extended to hook
upon the rope 2, as at 5. By this conjunction of the ropes or chains, and releasing
or taking the catch M out of action upon the wheel G, G, and retaining it in
that situation by means of a hook made for that purpose, and working the

page_text: い
machine in a contrary direction, the weight 3 will be carried to any distance
required, and laid down.
I shall now proceed to describe an application of my said Invention to a
time-piece.
In consequence of the number of teeth in escape wheels, the converter must
be formed in a different manner from that already described.
In Figures 9, 10, 11, and 12, 6 represents a wheel with upright teeth, cut
in a similar manner with those in a duplex escapement wheel, the points of the
teeth being directed to the centre of the wheel; 7 is the lever carrying the
converter 8, and turning upon the axis 9 as a fulcrum; 10, 10, are the outside
banking pins of the escapement. The converter 8 is to be constructed in the
following manner:-Through the point 11, on the inside of one of the teeth,
and the point 12, at the outside of another tooth, describe an arc, 11, 12, from
the centre or fulcrum of the lever 7, at 9, and from the same centre describe
another arc, 13, 14, at a distance from the arc 11, 12, somewhat less than half
the distance between two of the teeth of the wheel, the space between the arcs
gives the breadth of the converter 8. From the point 11 draw a line equal to
two thirds of the space between two of the teeth in such a manner that its
extremity will fall on the other arc, as the line 11, 13; this line forms the
inside pallet. Then from the point 12 draw in a similar manner the line 12, 14,
equal to 11, 13; this line forms the outside pallet, and completes the converter;
and if the inclined plane 12, 14, be convex, and that at 11, 13, concave, and
those curves arcs of a circle which is equal in diameter to the wheel, the lever
will exactly pass over the same space on one side of the escapement as on the
other, and will have equal power on both sides. Figure 9 shews a tooth of the
wheel as having acted upon the inclined plane 12, 14, of the converter, and
driven it towards the left hand as far as the banking pin 10 would permit, and
prepared another tooth to act upon the other inclined plane 11, 13, so as to
urge it the contrary way, as shew in Figure 10, where it is in the middle of its
action upon the inclined plane 11, 13. Figure 11 shews it as having passed
along it, and prepared another tooth to act on the other inclined plane 12, 14;
and Figure 12 shews that tooth acting in the middle of that inclined plane.
Figure 13 shews the kind of roller for the axis of a balance wheel which I recom-
mend as a communication for detaching my new escapement. This roller has
an upright pin to act in the slit made in the end of the lever at 15; a smaller
steel roller is fixed on the same axis, close to the other, of the same height with
the pin, and which serves as an inside banking for the escapement.
The converter is let on under the lever, as at 16, so as that the lever may swing
clear of the teeth, and that the converter may act on the insides of the teeth.

page_text: There is a slide hole in the lever at 16 for the screw which passes through it,
and secures the converter to it, to shift the converter to either side of the lever,
and to make it correspond with its action on the roller. The wheel lever and
balance pivots must all stand in the same line.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Scott (party hereto), have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and twenty.
Jurolled the Ninth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and twenty.