CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS ON WHEELS, AXLETREES, AND OTHER PARTS OF CARTS, WAGGONS, AND OTHER CONVEYANCES
Year: 1828

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
JOSEPHS, of Haydon Square, in the County of Middlesex, Merchant, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Eighteenth day of December, in the ninth year of His reign,
did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Edward Josephs, His special licence that I, the said Edward Josephs, my
exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward Josephs,
my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS ON WHEELS, AXLETREES, AND OTHER PARTS OF CARTS, WAGGONS, AND
OTHER CONVEYANCES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso,
obliging me, the said Edward Josephs, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the
same to be enrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
callndar months next immediately after the date of the said recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.

page_text: "
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Edward Josephs, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described
and ascertained in and by the Drawing hereunto annexed, and the following
description thereof (that is to say) :-
The objects of my said Invention are to employ large wheels in carts,
waggons, trucks, drays, and vans, for the sake of obtaining greater ease in the
draught, and also for overcoming any obstacles, as stones, holes, and ruts the
more readily, which it is the well-known property of high wheels to effect; but
as these high wheels would raise the bodies of these vehicles to an inconvenient
height, so I have changed the shape of the axletrees, in order that I may
thereby be enabled to bring the bodies down to any convenient height for
loading and unloading the vehicles; and it is upon the combination and arrange-
ment of the different parts of these vehicles, whether new or old, and whereby
I produce these beneficial effects, rather than for the invention of any separate
parts thereof, that I rest my claims.
In order to afford some examples of methods of carrying my said Invention
into effect, I shall proceed to describe the various Figures which are contained
in the Drawing, which, as aforesaid, is annexed to this my Specification, not,
however, intending thereby to limit myself to the employment of those methods
only, but, on the contrary, I shall avail myself of all and every other mode of
carrying my said improvements into effect.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a waggon, and Figure 2 a front view of the
fore end thereof. A, one of the hind wheels, which I prefer to make of six feet
in diameter, or higher; B, one end of the axletree; C, C, the lowered part of
the body of the waggon.
Figure 3 is the axletree B, B, shewn separately.
Figure 4 the axletree B, B, shewn as partly closed in woodwork, and
secured to the summers or beams of the waggon D, D, D, D, D, by the iron
straps E, E, E. It is also sheathed or encased in wood.
Figure 5 is an end view of the axletree B, and a side view of part of one of
the beams D, D; E, one of the iron straps.
Figure 6 is a section through the hinder part of the waggon, with the similar
parts indicated by the same letters of reference as in the former Figures; and,
Figure 7 a side view of part thereof, intended to show the manner in which
the body of the waggon is affixed to the axletree sideways by the strong iron
straps or staples F, F.
G, G, in Figures 1 and 7, are iron stays, of which two or three are or may
be affixed underneath the body of the waggon, to confine the axletree in its

page_text: position more firmly. H, H, in Figure 8, are additional stays, which I occa-
sionally affix to the upper ends of the axletree and to the beams of the waggon;
and Figure 9 is a front view of one of them. In Figure 2, B, B, shows the
fore axletree as bent to allow of higher fore wheels being employed, and also
to lower the line of draught I, I. For the sake of obtaining greater strength,
combined with lightness, I have placed all the beams or summers D, D, D, D, D,
edgeways of the timber instead of breadthways, as in the usual manner of
framing or building the bodies of waggons, carts, trucks, vans, or other
vehicles. In the case of vans or other light vehicles for the conveyance or
removal of furniture, merchandize, or goods which might be injured by shocks,
I can employ springs fitted to them in any of the usual and well-known
methods. By lowering the bodies of the vehicles I greatly lessen their liability
to be overturned.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Josephs, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and twenty-nine.