matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IM- PROVEMENT IN CIGARS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Lewis Roberts at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd March
1865.
I, CHARLES LEWIS ROBERTS, of the Firm of Roberts Robert & Son, of 54,
St. John Street, Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex, Tobacco Manu-
facturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVEMENT IN CIGARS," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention has reference to an improvement for forming the tops or ends
of cigars into smooth agreeable mouth-pieces impervious to damp or moisture,
whereby the unrolling of the said ends of the cigars, as also the passing of the
essential oil to the mouth of the smoker, is prevented, and consists in coating
or covering the top ends of cigars with meerschaum, enamel, or composition
reduced to the consistence necessary for enabling the same to be readily
applied thereto by dipping or otherwise, whilst in like manner the drilled holes
or cavities formed in the said ends for the passage of the smoke are also pro-
vided with a coating of the same, communicating with the external film as above
referred to.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PROMPTLY DISCONNECTING HORSES FROM CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1865

page_text: of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th March
1865.
I, PIERRE MARVAUD, of No. 18, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire
of France, Coach Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PROMPTLY DISCONNECTING HORSES FROM CARRIAGES
AND OTHER VEHICLES," to be as follows:
The object of the present Invention is an improved apparatus by means of
which the horse or horses of any vehicle may be at once detached, and, if
necessary, the course of the carriage be directed to the right or left; the
advantages of the Invention are too manifest to need enumeration, as by it
all danger from the running away of the horses is avoided.
The arrangement I propose for carrying out my Invention is as follows:-
The ends of the furchels of the fore carriage are forked, that is, they have
each two branches, and between the branches a ratchet or key piece is
securely maintained by a spring, its other side pivoting on a bolt; at the end
of each shaft is a strong bolt, which is introduced between the branches of
the furchels and secured by the above-mentioned key piece; adapted on the
branches of each furchel is a cam or nut, which is at the command of the.
driver (as will be shortly explained), and on-causing these cams or nuts to
press against their respective springs the ratchet or. key piece above men-
tioned is at once liberated, which permits of the escape of the bolt of the

page_text: shafts, splinter bar, or carriage pole, as the case may be, and thus immediately
disconnects the horses from the vehicle.
The coachman works the cams or nuts just mentioned by means of a lever
conveniently disposed for that purpose, and communicating with an armature
having the form of and placed beneath the furchels of the fore carriage, a
connecting rod transmitting the action to the cam or nut; the lever being also
connected with the fore carriage, the vehicle may be directed as desired, the
impetus carrying on the carriage a short distance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS FOR WASHING YARNS AND FABRICS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Schofield and John
Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 18th October 1865.
We, WILLIAM SCHOFIELD, of Heywood, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
and JOHN SMITH, of Baxenden, in the same. County, Turkey Red Dyer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS
FOR WASHING YARNS AND FABRICS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The object of our Invention is to equalize the pressure on the fabric or
other material by every portion of the circumference of the roller. Our
improved rollers consist of a series of metal or other discs mounted on a
shaft and covered with a cylinder of india-rubber or other suitable elastic or
yielding material; these discs are close together, and the hole in their
centre is larger than the shaft on which they are mounted, consequently each
disc accommodates itself to the thickness of the material passing under it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METAL RIBS FOR UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Hadfield and Jabez Shipman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
10th May 1865.
We, ROBERT HADFIELD and JABEZ SHIPMAN, Steel Manufacturers, both of
Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN METAL RIBS FOR UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the sectional forms of the metal
ribs of umbrellas and parasols, and consists in making such ribs of double
tubular formation in place of single tubes or trough-like forms as heretofore
employed in the manufacture of hollow metal ribs for umbrellas and parasols.
For this purpose we take flattened steel wire or strips of sheet steel or other
metal of various degrees of strength, varying in thickness, width, and length,
according to the sizes of the ribs required to be obtained, which wire or strips
we pass through metal rollers or other shaping frames, thence through metal
dies or wire drawing "wortles" of the shape required, so as to bend or turn
the edges of the strips or flattened wire over, whereby the requisite double
tubular or approximate form is imparted to the umbrella or parasol ribs; we
then pass them through heated metal plates to straighten them, and harden
and temper them in the ordinary way.
AN IMPROVED ABDOMINAL AND SCROTAL BANDAGE
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Allan Stewart at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th April
1865.
I, ALLAN STEWART, of 23, Talbot Terrace, Westbourne Park, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED ABDOMINAL AND SCROTAL BANDAGE," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the support of the lower abdominal muscles,
the penis, and the scrotum. The abdomen is supported by a bandage buckled
round the pelvis, held in situ by a brace, which pulls up the front only of the
bandage. The scrotum is held above the level of the perinæum by a case
attached to the abdominal supporter kept in situ by a tubular elastic strap
running in a case attached at each side of the perinæum passing round the
thigh to fasten on the front of the abdominal bandage. The penis is supported
by a flap which is a continuation upwards of the scrotal case, and fastening
upon the abdominal bandage.
A TOY OR GAME CALLED FLYING FISH
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Whitford at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th August
1865.
I, GEORGE WHITFORD, of 45, Acacia Road, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A TOY OR GAME
CALLED FLYING FISH," to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists of a double cone made of india-rubber or other
elastic material, hollow and solid, with or without embossed patterns, in the
form of cat's heads, fish, or other fancy figures, to be used as a toy in school
or other rooms, playgrounds, and other places, so that the material being of
a soft nature injury to persons, glass, or furniture is avoided. The method of
using the toy and playing the game is as follows:-By striking the toy at
either end with a bat or stick, and causing it to fly or be projected through a
ring placed in any convenient position as may be determined upon by the
player or players.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LIDS OR COVERS FOR SAUCEPANS AND OTHER COOKING UTENSILS, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE LIDS OR COVERS OF HOUSEMAIDS' PAILS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ward at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st August 1865.
I, JOHN WARD, of No. 10, Regent Street, London Road, Leicester, in the
County of Leicester, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LIDS OR COVERS FOR
SAUCEPANS AND OTHER COOKING UTENSILS, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS ALSO
APPLICABLE TO THE LIDS OR COVERS OF HOUSEMAIDS' PAILS," to be as follows:-
My Invention, in so far as it relates to the lids or covers for saucepans and
other cooking utensils, is intended for the purpose of allowing the steam as it
acccumulates inside the saucepan or other cooking utensil to escape therefrom
without removing the lid or cover itself, whereby the ebullition is not checked,
and the accidental admission of smoke, soot, or other impurities into the pan
or vessel is prevented. This part of my Invention consists, firstly, in making
a small aperture in the lid or cover, and furnishing the same with a valve
covering the same and opening only outwards, so that as the steam accuniu-
lates in the pan or vessel, the pressure thereof opens the valve and allows of
its escape without removing the lid or cover from the vessel, the valve closing
by its own weight as soon as the pressure of the steam diminishes.
A modification of my Invention for the same purpose, which is not self-
acting, but allows of easy adjustment by hand, consists in making a contral

page_text: opening in the lid or cover, about one-fourth the area of the same (more or
less). This opening is circular in form, being furnished with two or more
notches or indentations, and is closed by a second lid or cover of a circular
form, provided with projections which fit into the notches or indentations
above named; so that when this second lid is placed over the main lid it
entirely closes the opening in the latter, but upon turning the former partially
round the notches or indentations are uncovered, and thus the steam is
allowed to escape. The turning of the smaller lid also locks the two lids
together so that they can be removed in one piece as it were.
In applying this part of my Invention to the lids or covers of housemaids'
pails, I form the two lids as above, and I form a small box or receptacle
under the main cover to contain the housemaids' cloths or flannels; so that
upon removing the smaller lid only the box is opened, but upon partially
turning the same and removing both lids together, the box is also withdrawn,
leaving the pail uncovered as ordinarily..
AN IMPROVED HYDRAULIC APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josse Egide Spanoghe at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th June
1865.
I, JOSSE EGIDE SPANOGHE, of No. 11, Rue de l'Equerre, Antwerp, in the
Kingdom of Belgium, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED HYDRAULIC APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING MOTIVE POWER," to be
as follows:-
This Invention is based upon the known properties of the bydraulic press.
The improved apparatus consists of a press provided with two pistons, or
rather two presses coupled together, in which water or other liquid is forced
means of a pump worked by hand, steam, or other power. The two
pistons are elongated to a suitable extent and provided with racks of pro-
portionate length, which act on toothed wheels in an alternate and regular
manner. The lower ends of these racks are connected by a chain passing
over guide wheels, so that when one rises the other descends. The movement
is given to the toothed wheels, and consequently to the driving pulley fixed
on the same shaft only when the racks rise, and therefore while one rack is
acting on its toothed wheel the other wheel must be disengaged in order to
allow its rack to descend. The pistons may be provided with screw threads
acting on toothed nuts, which give movement to a driving pulley in the same
way as the toothed wheels and racks.
IMPROVE-- MENTS IN PREPARING LUBRICATING COMPOUNDS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William West at the Office of
the Commissioners of. Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th August
1865..
I, WILLIAM WEST, of Tredenham House, St. Blazey,. in the County of
Cornwall, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVE--
MENTS IN PREPARING LUBRICATING COMPOUNDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in preparing lubricating
compounds, and consists in the employment of kaolin (china clay) or mica, or
mixtures of these substances, in combination with tallow or other fatty or oily
matters, and also with coal or other tar, with or without other ingredients,
according to the effect desired to-be obtained. The proportions of-the-china-
clay or mica, or of the mixtures thereof, may be greatly varied; but, as a
general rule, such substance or substances is or are to form the base or
principal ingredient of the lubricating compound.. The materials are mixed.
intimately together, applying heat when necessary in making the compound..
The fatty and oily matters may in some cases be saponified, or bave combined
therewith alkalies or alkaline earths, or oxides; other ingredients may be
added to the mixture, but it is believed that compounds, consisting of kaolin
or mica, or mixtures thereof, combined with tar and tallow or oil, or other
fatty or oily matters, are best suited for general purposes.. Although the pro-
portions of the several substances may, as before mentioned, be greatly varied,
it may be stated that a suitable lubricating compound for the bearings of
machinery and the axles of carts, waggons, and such like uscs is produced

page_text: by combining the above-mentioned substances, in about the following pro-
portions 112 lbs. of kaolin or mica, or a mixture thereof; 6 gallons of tar;.
10 lbs. of tallow or other fatty or oily matter; and 1 gallon of oil.. 10,lbs. or
more of pitch may also in some cases be added if desired.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FLYERS USED IN DOUBLING MACHINES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mark Walker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th October
1865.
I, MARK WALKER, of Mansfield, in the County of Nottingham, Manager
to Messieurs Greenhalgh and Sons, of the same Place, Doublers of Lace
Thread, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FLYERS USED IN DOUBLING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in making each leg of the flyer employed in
doubling machines to project upwards towards the thread board used in such
machines, and nearly to reach the same. The portions which project upwards
are in addition to the legs ordinarily used in such machines which point
downwards, one or other of the parts of these flyers which project upwards
will in case of the breakage of a thread or threads catch such thread or threads
before it or they have time to pass over to or be drawn by the next adjacent
thread, which would produce a double thread, or three threads, or otherwise,
according to the number of threads being doubled on the bobbin belonging to
the next flyer, such production being prevented by the employment of my
improved flyer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAVELLING AND OTHER BAGS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Heiman Frankenburg at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd August
1865.
I, HEIMAN FRANKENBURG, of the Firm of Heiman Frankenburg and Brothers,
of Snow Hill, in the City of London, Leather Big Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF TRAVELLING AND OTHER BAGS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in applying to bags, such as those known as travelling,
dressing, and courier bags, a flap or pocket book, or flaps or pocket books, to one
or both sides of the bag. The flaps are united, by preference, to the lower
part of the bag, and when placed against the sides thereof are covered by a
second flap attached to the upper part of the bag. The lower flap is secured
by elastic or webbing attached to the side of the bag, and by loops of elastic or
other material, and through which, by preference, a paper knife is passed.
The outer flap is secured by clips or other fastenings to the lower flap The
inner side of the flap or pocket book is fitted with tapes of, by preference,
india-rubber to receive fittings, and the sides of the bags are provided with
tapes for a similar purpose. I fit pockets to the ends of the bag for the
purpose of containing ink, and cigar lights, but they may be used for holding
other articles, as desued.
AN IMPROVED COTTON PRESS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Boyd at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd July
1865.
I, SAMUEL BOYD, of the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COTTON PRESS," to be as follows:-
My Invention refers particularly to that portion of the press in which the
bale of cotton is to be placed, and is specially applicable to that form of press
known as "Tyler's cotton press." In order to make the distance between
the upper and lower plateaus, between which the bale is placed, greater or less
according to the size of the bale to be pressed, I use two wedges inserted
underneath the upper plateau, which may be pressed forward or drawn out by
chains and pulleys or such other suitable machinery; these wedges are sup-
ported by a longitudinal frame attached by bolts, or screws, or otherwise to the
sides of the press. For the further and effectual pressing of any bale of
cotton I cause a lateral motion to be applied to the wedges in the upper
plateau, which I effect by a reciprocating action through the medium of a
chain and pulleys worked by hand or steam power.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Lord at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th October 1865.
I, EDWARD LORD, of Todmorden, in the County of York, Machine Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
My Invention is applicable to the shedding motion, and it consists in
working the healds by means of a series of tappets or tappet plates, which
give motion to a series of treadles; these treadles are connected at one end
to the lower portion of the healds, and at the other by means of links to the
top jacks to which the upper parts of the healds are suspended; by this
means each heald is raised or lowered to form the different portions of the shed
in a positive manner, and the counterweights for raising the healds usually
required in weaving certain fabrics are dispensed with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VANS, WAGGONS, OR CARTS, EMPLOYED FOR TRANSPORTING FURNI-- TURE AND OTHER GOODS ON COMMON ROADS AND RAILWAYS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Hazeldine at the Office-
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st May
1865.
I, FREDERICK HAZELDINE, of Laut Street, Borough, in the County of Surrey,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF VANS, WAGGONS, OR CARTS, EMPLOYED FOR TRANSPORTING FURNI--
TURE AND OTHER GOODS ON COMMON ROADS AND RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in substituting wrought-iron latticework, or a
combination of iron and woodwork, on the girder and tension principles, in
place of the ordinary wooden framing at present employed in the construction.
of vans, waggons, or carts, and in covering the whole with corrugated metal
(zinc by preference), mahogany pannelling, tarpaulin, macintosh, or other
suitable material, and further in arranging or disposing the rods employed to
form the sides of the vans, waggons, or carts, either in parallel lines to each
other, or diagonally to the bottom sides of the vans, waggons, or carts. By
the above improvements the vans, waggons, or carts may be made very con--
siderably lighter, much more durable, and can be more easily repaired than
beretofore.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FOOT PROTECTORS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Augustus Henry Thurgar at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
December 1865.
I, AUGUSTUS HENRY THURGAR, of Surrey Place, Norwich, in the County of
Norfolk, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FOOT PROTECTORS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object a convenient method of protecting the feet
against cold in railway travelling by means of a foot-covering forming of itself
a leathern case of a size convenient for carrying in the coat pocket, travelling
bag, or otherwise, to be called "the railway traveller's foot protector." For
this purpose I employ two pieces of leather or other suitable material of about
the length and breadth of a person's shoe, on the one side of which is attached
the fore part of a shoe lined and covered with fur, wool, or similar material, and
provided with leathern sides and elastic straps which buckle over the fur, and
serve also to fasten the two parts together as a case. On the other side circular
knobs or buttons of horn or other suitable material are attached so as to raise
the leathern sole, thereby protecting it from the dirt and cold of the floor.
For womens' use a sock of fur or similar material is attached to the heel,
closing over the instep with an elastic band or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Charles Durham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
January 1865.
I, THOMAS CHARLES DURHAM, of Carlisle, in the County of Cumberland,
Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the employment in each cylinder of two pistons
with separate piston rods, one of which is solid and passes through the other
which is hollow, each piston rod is connected by a separate rod to the crank.
In the accompanying Drawings I shew my Invention applied at Figure 1 to the
wheel of a locomotive; L is a cylinder, the length of which exceeds double
that of the stroke; steam is admitted alternately at A and B. The two ends
of the cylinder are in communication through the pipe c; D is one piston
with its solid rod D', working through the other piston E, and its hollow rod
E; F, G, are connecting rods to the two-throw crank K. The rods D¹ and
F are equal in weight to E¹ and G. At Figure 2 there are two connecting
rods G, G, to connect the hollow piston through a cross head to the crank.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION FOR THE PURPOSE. OF INDICATING. DANGER
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Hanson Mellor at the
Office of the Commissioners of. Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th October 1865.
I, CHARLES HANSON MELLOR,, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster,.
Collector, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION FOR THE PURPOSE. OF INDICATING.
DANGER, to be as follows:-
The Invention is designed to enable the guard or other competent person
in care of a railway train to make use of the ordinary telegraphic wires for the-
purpose of conveying messages to and from the nearest station in the event.
of an accident occuring between. stations or on a portion of the line where
there is no signalling apparatus, so as to stop trains following and to obtain.
assistance..
The Invention is also applicable to give alarm at fire-engine stations or
police offices where assistance is required.
The Invention consists in the adaptation of an electrical or galvanic battery
and signalling apparatus in the guard's van or other part of the train having
an earth wire, which is to be placed in contact with the earth, and a second
wire, to the extremity of which a screw or spring clip-is-attached ; when an
accident occurs the clip is to be secured to the telegraph wire passing to
the nearest station, by which means the contact and electrical circuit is
completed, and messages may be sent from the train to the station, and vice
versâ.

page_text: The Invention consists, secondly, in the application to shops, warehouses,
and other buildings of a battery and signalling apparatus, and of a moveable or
portable wire carrying its own means of attachment and contact, which may
be attached to any general service wire-in case of danger, either to give alarm
at head stations through which such wire passes of fire, or for police assistance,
from shops, houses, warehouses, or other buildings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SABOTS FOR PROJECTILES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Headly Williams at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
October 1865.
I, HENRY HEADLY WILLIAMS, of Buckingham Street, in the City of
Westminster, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SABOTS FOR PROJECTILES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, first, in forming sabots with a projection in the
front to fit or take into the ordinary recess in the rear of the bullet; and,
secondly, in forming them with a tail piece to contain the detonating or
fulminating composition, or a percussion cap, which tail piece, when a
cartridge is made up, extends back into the charge of powder. My
improvements may be used together or separately.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PADDLE WHEELS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cantrill Gollings at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd April 1865.
I, WILLIAM CANTRILL GOLLINGS, of No. 11*, Clarence Rd., Kentish
Town, St. Pancras, Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PADDLE WHEELS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE
APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The chief object of my Invention is to gain speed by preserving each
paddle or float E in a perpendicular attitude by means of an additional
wheel A turning on its own axle B, which is fastened to the outer beam C of
each paddle box, and at a given distance above or below the main wheels D.
Each paddle or float E in each main wheel D is kept in its perpendicular in
all stages of its progress by means of a crank F attached to and guided by the
additional wheel A mentioned.
A further object of my Invention is to allow the main shaft N an end
bearing M. All the axles K move in axle boxes I with means of lubrication..
This same system of keeping paddles or floats perpendicular can be used for
the purpose of constructing a rotary steam or water engine or pump.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE NAVES AND AXLE-TREE BOXES OF CARRIAGE WHEELS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Levi Lemon Sovereign at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
December 1865.
I, LEVI LEMON SOVEREIGN, of 88, Pentonville Road, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE NAVES AND AXLE-TREE BOXES OF CARRIAGE WHEELS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the naves and axle-tree
boxes of carriage wheels. For these purposes the nave is of cast metal, having
hollows at intervals around it to receive the inner ends of the spokes. At each
end of the nave is formed a cavity or hollow chamber to receive the lubricating
fluid; the cavity or hollow chamber at the inner end is open at the centre
for the passage of the axle. The cavity or hollow chamber at the outer end
of the nave is open at the centre, but when in use is covered by a cap. The
central part of the nave where it receives the axle-tree within it is bushed
with a steel cylinder or tube, and this bush or box is fixed and held within
the nave either by a screw thread formed on its outer surface, which is received
into a female screw formed on the interior of the nave, or the steel bush or
box formed with a projecting rib or feather, which fits into a groove in the
nave, or the arrangement of the rib or feather and groove may be reversed,
and if desired more than one rib or feather may be used. In place of the

page_text: bush or box being of steel it may be of chill cast iron with a screw thread
on the outside, and generally I prefer that this form of box or bush should be
somewhat conical. When the steel bushing or box is screwed outside it is
retained from turning when in use by notches formed in the inner end, into
which are received projections or holding pieces in the nave, which are
kept in position by the end of the axle. The axle-tree is retained in position
within the steel or chill cast bush or box by a screw nut or nuts at its outer
end, together with a pin or pins in the usual manner, and when using ribs and
grooves as above explained a screw ring or washer is used to retain the bush
or box from movement.
When using wooden axles and wooden naves to the wheels the metal
box is chill cast with webs or feathers to fix into the centre of a wooden
nave, and each end of the wood axle is covered by a chill cast thimble
with a male screw at its outer end to receive a screw nut and cap to close the
end of the box and to retain the axle-tree in the box.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND PRODUCTION OF CHROMATE AND BICHROMATE OF POTASH EMPLOYED IN DYEING AND PRINTING WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Mayer Dentith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th June
1865.
I, JOSEPH MAYER DENTITH, of Connah's Quay, Flintshire, North Wales, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE AND PRODUCTION OF CHROMATE AND BICHROMATE OF POTASH
EMPLOYED IN DYEING AND PRINTING WOVEN FABRICS," to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in a new and improved method of producing
chromate and bichromate of potash, a chemical production extensively
employed in dyeing and printing calico, woollen, or other textile woven fabrics,
the improved manufacture and production of which is obtained by the com-
bination and admixture of felspar or other well-known potash-producing
rocks with chromate of iron or oxyde of chrome in the proportion of about
twenty parts of potash-producing rock added to seven parts of chromic ore,
and subjecting such materials when in combination to a bright red heat, say
about one thousand nine hundred Fahrenheit, which will thereby produce
a superior and inexpensive potash required for the purpose as herein-before
described.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR PUTTING TWIST IN ALL FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Holden at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd June 1865.
I, WILLIAM HOLDEN, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer &
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MACHINERY FOR PUTTING TWIST IN ALL FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention is applicable for putting twist in all fibrous substances, the
object being to do away with all flys and spindles belonging to roving frames..
and all other such kind of machinery.
I perform my Invention by means of revolving tubes working perpendicular
or otherwise, and may be applied to all kinds of machines used where fibrous.
substances require twisting. To produce this action I provide a tube on
which is a pulley on to which pulley works a band or strap giving motion to.
tube, which motion may be obtained as convenience shall dictate.. The
fibrous substance required twisting is drawn through the tube and secured at
the ends, this tube is set in motion to any required speed which will be
regulated by the amount of twist required in the substance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRY GAS METERS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Lizars at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th June
1865.
I, GEORGE LIZARS, Gas Meter Manufacturer, residing at No. 36, Rue
Lafayette, Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRY GAS METERS," to be as
follows:-
The diaphragms or partitions of dry gas meters which move by the pressure
of gas are joined together by a leather, which requires an air-tight and firm
means of attachment. My Invention consists in an improved means of securely
fixing the cords or bands which bind this leather on to the ring which sur-
rounds and holds the diaphragm, and of making the joint around the edge of
the diaphragm perfectly tight and so avoiding leakage. For this purpose
the metal ring A, on which the leather E rests, is formed with a groove B
around one of its edges; this groove receives the last turn of the cord or twine
F after it has been bound over; the leather and the edge of the groove is
turned over on to this last turn, as shown at C, so that the metal surrounds
and holds firmly the cord and prevents the binding which holds the leather
from stretching either by reason of the pressure of the gas or from any
other cause.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN HEATING PREPARATORY TO AND FOR THE PURPOSE OF HARDENING OR TEMPERING OF KNIVES, FILES, TOOLS, AND ALL OTHER DESCRIPTIONS OF CUTLERY OR HARDWARE USUALLY SUBJECT TO THE PROCESS OF HARDENING OR TEMPERING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Wethered at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th March
1865.
I, HENRY WETHERED, of Devon House, Kingsdown, in the City and County
of Bristol, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HEATING PREPARATORY TO AND FOR THE PURPOSE OF HARDENING OR
TEMPERING OF KNIVES, FILES, TOOLS, AND ALL OTHER DESCRIPTIONS OF CUTLERY OR
HARDWARE USUALLY SUBJECT TO THE PROCESS OF HARDENING OR TEMPERING," to be
as follows:-
Inserting and placing of steel or iron bars, files, knives, tools, and all and
every other description of cutlery or hardware usually subjected to the process
of bardening, tempering, or heating for the purposes of manufacture in or
upon tubes, trunks, pipes, or ovens (whether fixed, moveable, or otherwise),
of iron or any other suitable metal or substance, and placing the said tubes,
trunks, pipes, or ovens immediately over or in connection with a furnace or
furnaces, and so that the same tubes, trunks, pipes, or ovens coming imme-
diately over or upon the fire impart to the said steel or iron bars, files, knives,
tools, or other cutlery inserted or placed therein or thereupon a strong and
uniform heat, avoiding thereby contact of the same with coal, coke, fuel, or
other deleterious matter, and rendering them cleaner and fitter for the purpose
of hardening, tempering, or heating for manufacture than any other ex-
periment, method, or custom now in use.
AN IMPROVED ELASTIC VALVE AND HIGH PRESSURE AND GENERAL TAP
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Sharp and Daniel Smith at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
26th January 1865.
I, STEPHEN SHARP, of 3, Milton Place, Euston Square, N.W., and I, DANIEL
SMITH, of 28, Brill Row, Somers Town, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED ELASTIC VALVE AND HIGH PRESSURE AND
GENERAL TAP," to be as follows:-
This tap is made of metal, with the exception of the seat or cushion of the
valve, or plug, or plunger, which valve is made of metal resting on and
passing through an elastic seat or cushion, which seat or cushion is made of
vulcanised india-rubber, or of cork and india-rubber, or of cork, india-rubber,
and canvas combined. This tap is made in two parts, screwing one into the
other, between which two parts the elastic seat or cushion is placed, so that by
turning one part it screws up and compresses the elastic, which is forced
forward so as to meet the valve, thus renewing the joint at any time when
it may become in any way deficient. The valve, plug, or plunger is worked
by means of a screw, crank, or eccentric in connection with the handle as
may best suit the size and purpose to which each tap is to be applied.
We claim as our Invention in this tap the use of a metal valve, plug, or
plunger working in or through an elastic seat, and also the various' appliances
as connected with the same.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS POR RAISING AND STACKING STRAW AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Ridley, William Pawson,
and Charles Basker at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 28th September 1866.
We, MATTHEW RIDLEY, WILLIAM PAWSON, and CHARLES BASKER, of the
Earlesfield Iron Works, Grantham, in the County of Lincoln, Engineers and
Copartners, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS POR RAISING AND STACKING STRAW AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL
PRODUCE," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to that class of machines for stacking straw in
which the straw or other agricultural produce is raised by means of carriers
armed with prongs or teeth working in a trough and actuated by endless bands
or chains, and consists, firstly, of a single revolving endless cord, chain, or
band to which the carriers are attached centrically, while steadying cords
from the main cord or chain are attached to the outer ends of the carriers,
by which means an advantageous amount of play is given to the carriers.
The improvements consist, secondly, of an improved method of arranging
the apparatus for raising the trough and carriers as the stack increases in
height. Attached to and passing from side to side beneath the trough, which
is pivoted at its lower end, is a spindle, on the outer ends of which are two
pinions working into racks on an upright jointed frame, the lower ends of

page_text: which rest on the bottom rails of the machine. Motion is given to the raising
pinions by means of an endless screw or bevil wheel, the spindle of which
reaches down to the lower part of the trough so as to be within reach of the
operator; the turning of this spindle increases or diminishes the angle and
consequently the height of the trough. Motion may be given to the endless
cord or chain by any of the usual methods.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES AND HARMONIUMS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward M°Lean at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd December
1866.
I, EDWARD MCLEAN, of Florence Street, Islington, in the County of
Middlesex, Commercial Traveller, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES AND HARMONIUMS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to the application of a sounding cavity or compartment
placed above pianos and harmoniums whereby to augment the volume of
sound produced in pianos and harmoniums. As constructed heretofore the top
or lid has been disposed close down upon the internal work of the instrument,
the lid of cottage and other upright pianos usually resting upon or close
against the wrest plank. Now according to my Invention I form a cavity
rising high above the ordinary top which may either be made in the instrument
itself or consist of a box-like cover enclosing the space or cavity desired,
which is open to the interior of the instrument; I prefer this cavity rising in
the form of a semicircle or arch above the ordinary level of the top with which
the chord or diameter of the semicircle or arch coincides, the said chord or
diameter being equal to the breadth of the piano or harmonium. Instead of
being in the form of an arc of a circle the cavity may have a gothic or other
form, but I believe the section of a circle to be the best form for its acoustic
properties and for the purpose; this cavity is furnished with a suitable backing
and with a fretwork and silk front, or may be otherwise ornamented if desired;

page_text: this cavity as before-mentioned may form a part of the ordinary case, and
may be carried up square above the wrest plank to give it that appearance
externally, but I prefer to introduce a lining to form the circular concavity
desired, although the space so disposed will have if left square a beneficial
effect on the instrument; the same remarks apply to harmoniums. For grand
pianos it may be advisable to form the cavity considerably less than the half
circle as it might give the instrument too bulky an appearance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PISTONS, AND CYLINDERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Kennedy and James Barr
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,.on.
the 27th June 1866.
We, THOMAS KENNEDY, junior, and JAMES BARR, both of Kilmarnock, in
the County of Ayr, North Britain, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PISTONS, AND CYLINDERS," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object to prevent the bending of the piston: rod,
which is liable to occur with some constructions of pistons and cylinders from
the canting of the piston, and the improvements are more particularly applicable
to such water meters and bydraulic engines as comprise one or more cylinders
with their pistons, whilst they admit of a comparatively small piston rod being
used. Such pistons are sometimes packed by means of a pair of reversed
cup leathers, which project somewhat from the body of the piston. The cup
leathers being of a yielding character allow of the piston being deviated from
its central position when an unequal strain comes upon it, and such inequality
of strain may occur at any part of the stroke from the friction of the cup
leathers against the sides of the cylinder not being uniform all round; it is,
however, most likely to occur when the piston is at the end of the cylinder
farthest from the piston rod stuffing box, and when the water is beginning to
enter that cud of the cylinder for a fresh stroke in consequence of the inlet

page_text: for the water being ordinarily made at one side, and thus causing the first
inrush of water to strike the piston eccentrically. It is precisely at such
times that the piston rod is least able to resist any bending action from its
then extending its extreme distance inwards from its guiding stuffing box. The
defects thus indicated are overcome by the present Invention, in the first
place, by making the piston disc and the junk ring both with flanges of an
enlarged diameter very nearly fitting the sides of the cylinder. These flanges
of the disc and ring are recessed where the cup leathers are, and sufficient
clearance is allowed to insure the waters getting inside the cup leathers.
With this arrangement the piston cannot be deviated from its central position
more than to the very slight extent required to bring the enlarged flanges in
contact with the sides of the cylinder. In the second place, the passage
admitting the water to the bottom end of the cylinder is cast so as to open into
the cylinder in the centre of the bottom thereof, so that the inrush of water
may be directed centrally on the piston.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND LIGHTING OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Clark at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th February 1866.
I, RICHARD CLARK, of Cannon Farm, Pinner, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION AND LIGHTING OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
The improvements consist of a re-arrangement of the seats, which I suspend
and disconnect, thereby reducing the oscillation as now ordinarily felt by
travellers, and also preventing personal injury in collisions and concussions.
when the carriage itself is not destroyed or overturned. This may be effected
by suspension from the roofs of the carriage and also from the sides or
flooring; I prefer, however, to suspend each seat from the roof. In order to
steady the seats I use a chain, india-rubber cord or band, or other fastening
not being rigid, which I pass underneath or at the back of the seats, or
attached to the fittings belonging thereto, and I also attach the said fastenings
to the carriage sides, roof, or floor, according to the shape of the particular
seat requiring to be steadied, my object being to prevent the shock sustained
by the carriage itself from being imparted to the passenger's seat. In order
to prevent the annoyance to passengers from the overflow of the oil from the
lamps, I fix a chamber between the oil receiver and the burner, which
chamber I fill with charcoal or other non-conducting material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adam Bullough at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st March
1866.
I, ADAM BULLOUGH, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the shuttle tongues or skewers on which the cops
are placed, and consists in attaching to or near to the point of each shuttle
tongue a spring to be used in addition to the ordinary spring which extends
from the shank of the tongue. I fix one end of the additional spring to the
point of the tongue, and cause its other end to be guided in a slot formed in
the ordinary spring. The said additional spring yields when the cop is being
placed on the tongue, and the ordinary spring holds the cop in the usual
manner; but when the cop is in its place the additional spring reacts and
springs back so as to tighten the nose of the cop, and thereby prevent any
possibility of the cop being shaken off the tongue; or instead of the
additional spring I employ a short lever binдed at one end to the point of
the tongue, and having its other end guided in a slot in the ordinary spring,
there being a small spiral spring or a piece of india-rubber for enabling the
lever to be lowered when the cop is being placed on the tongue and afterwards
raised to tighten the nose of the cop.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAY FIGURES, DOLLS, AND MANIKINS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Thorpe Lee at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th June
1866.
I, DAVID THORPE LEE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Artist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAY
FIGURES, DOLLS, AND MANIKINS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention refers to an improved mechanical contrivance for actuating
the joints and parts of the body in figures of the above descriptions, and with
this view I connect the joints or other moving parts by springs, either of
metal, india-rubber, or other resilient material, in connection with cords and
pulleys where required; these springs are secured in any suitable manner, the
joints being formed upon the ball-and-socket principle, so that movement of
the parts is allowed in any direction, and when placed they are so retained by
the action of the springs without any intervention of set screws or other
appliances. By a simple arrangement of buckle and strap passing over a
pulley fixed in any part of the figure the action of the springs may be
tightened or relaxed at will.