provements in Looms for Weaving the Cloths or Woven Fabrics " "Terries" or known as Pile Woven Fabrics," Parts of which Improvements are Applicable to Certain other Looms.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Apr., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 4th Jan., 1890-Accepted, 15th Mar., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
mprovements in Looms for Weaving the Cloths or Woven Fabrics
"
"Terries" or
known as
Pile Woven Fabrics," Parts of which
Improvements are Applicable to Certain other Looms.
We JOHN FARRAN of 17 Trafalgar Square, Brooks' Bar, Manchester, in the
ounty of Lancaster Mechanician and FREDERICK CHARLES CRAWFORD, of 70 New
Lane, Barton-upon-Irwell in the county of Lancaster, Fustian Cutter, do hereby
leclare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
"
"
"
دو
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
pile
"
"
وو
"
Our invention relates firstly to arrangements of apparatus to be employed in looms
" terries or " pile woven
for weaving the "cloths" or woven fabrics, known as
fabrics."
We employ two or more warps, one or more of which warps is or are used for the
formation of the "back" or "body" of the fabric and one or more of which warps is
of the "cloth ' or fabric
or loops or pile
or are employed to form the "terry
being woven. The warp or warps employed to form the "terry" or loops or
of the "cloth or fabric and which we shall hereinafter refer to as the "terry warp
ог terry warps we deliver by means of any suitable "positive letting off motion
We pass the "terry warp
by which a definite quantity of warp can be delivered.
"below
or "terry warps" over, under, or between bars or rollers between which we place
terry warp or terry warps
"healds" which when required depress the "
<< terry
or raiso such "terry warp" or "terry warps" above the said bars or rollers, so that
when the said healds are raised or lowered the threads of the "terry warp" or
warps" required to be formed into "terry," loops or "pile" will be slackened so as
to allow the amount of warp necessary for the loops of the "terry
shall hereinafter refer to the healds above mentioned as the "pilo healds."
pass the "terry warp” or terry warps" through healds which acting in conjunction
with the healds acting upon the warp or warps which is or are employed in the
formation of the "back or "body" of the "cloth," or fabric operate to "tie" the
threads of the "terry warp" or terry warps" and the threads of the warp or warps
"of the "cloth or fabric
or body
employed in the formation of the back
together. We so actuate the slay that at one "beat" the "reed" drives the weft up
or fabric but at the next "beat" the "reed" does not
to the "fell" of the "cloth
reach the "fell," the space left between the "reed" and the "fell" corresponding to
" cloth" is
the length of "terry warp" required to form the loop of the "terry" or "pile."
or body" of the fabric or
warp or warps employed to form the "back"
" cloth
or are kept at the desired tension and "let off" by means of any suitable apparatus.
or "body" of the fabric or
The warp or warps employed to form the "back
is or are also passed through healds operated as may be desired by means of any
suitable mechanism.
"
";
23
16
or
‘pile.'
We
We also
"
The
According to one method of imparting the motion above described to the slay we
connect one end of each of the connecting-rods by which the slay is worked to a
bracket mounted upon and capable of being slidden upon or in slides formed upon or
secured to the said slay. We connect each of the brackets to which the connecting
rods above mentioned are connected to a shaft by means of suitable connecting rods
" cloth or
and cause such shaft to oscillate, by means of a cam and bowl, so that the brackets
above mentioned shall when the weft is to be beaten up to the fell of the
fabric, be nearer to the axle, pivots, or studs upon which the slay "works" than when
or fabric. We thus
the weft is not to be "beaten up" to the "fell" of the "cloth "
cause a greater amount of movement to be imparted to the slay by one revolution of
the crank by which such slay is actuated than by the next revolution of such crank.
"

page_text: $
22
"
"
"
"
وو
"
39
together the warp-threads which are employed to form the "back" or body" of the
cloth or fabric, and also bind to the warp-threads which are employed to form
the "back or "body" of the "cloth" or fabric, those threads of the "terry warp
or terry warps " which are to be formed into "loops" of the "terry" or pile."
When the "slay" next "beats up," the weft by binding upon the said threads of
the "
terry warpi or terry warps" will carry forward such warp-threads and
form them into loops, the said warp-threads having previously been slackened by
the "pilo healds" so that such warp-threads may be readily formed into loops.
The "pile healds" are so arranged and "worked" that when certain warp-threads
of the "terry warp «
от terry warps are to be formed into loops or "pile" such
warp-threads aro slackened. The letting off motion" for the "terry warp" or
terry warps" is so arranged that the quantity of warp "let off" or delivered is
that requisite for forming the loops of the "terry" or
When weaving a
fabric in which cross strips or stripes of plain cloth or other patterns requiring a less
amount of warp than "terry' "
or pile are required to be produced at intervals,
we cause a less amount of "terry warp"
given off" and in such cases we
employ a star wheel" and "noggin wheel or an apparatus by means of which an
intermittent motion may be produced or any other suitable arrangement by means of
which the rate at which the "terry warp" or "terry warps" is or are let off" will
be reduced when required, such apparatus or arrangements being brought into action
when required by means of a suitable pattern-chainfor other suitable apparatus. The
"pile healds
and the other healds above mentioned we actuate by means of any
"
<<
suitable apparatus.
وو
22
to be i
وو
pile."
"
or "terry
We have herein before referred to the threads of the "terry warp
warps" and the warp or warps employed in forming the "back" or body" of the
fabric as being operated by healds, but we propose in some cases to operate such
warp-threads by means of "Jacquard apparatus" or a combination of "Jacquard
apparatus and healds, such arrangements enabling us to weave
interspersed with portions of other patterns.
pile fabrics"
A further part of our invention relates to certain of the chains which operate in
conjunction with "bowls" or rollers and are employed for operating the healds,
shuttle-boxes or other parts of looms. According to this part of our invention we
construct each chain of parts upon which projections or inclines are formed, and
other parts which constitute links or connecting pieces. Each of the parts above
mentioned we furnish with holes through which the pins or studs by which the chain
is connected together are passed and we also form through such parts and links or
connecting pieces, holes through which when required a bolt is passed, such bolt
serving to bind together certain of the said parts and links or connecting pieces, so
that when the parts upon which the inclines or projections are formed are acting upon
the "bowl" or roller or "bowls" or rollers in conjunction with which they are
employed, such inclines or projections will be kept in proper position for acting
upon such "bowl" or roller or bowls or rollers. We also employ in some cases
a curved guide or guides which projects or project over the ends of the pins by which
the links of the chain are connected together, such guide or guides preventing the
chain from slipping upon the barrel by which it is "driven."
:
The first part of our invention which consists in arrangements of apparatus to be
employed in looms for weaving the "cloths" or woven fabrics known as terries" or
"pile woven fabrics" is illustrated in Figs. 1. 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings,
in which Fig. 1 is a side view of a loom,. Fig. 2 a view showing certain parts
detached and Fig. 3 a diagram showing certain parts more clearly than Fig. 1.
a is one of the end framings of the loom. Carried by the end-framings of the
loom is a warp-beam or roller b, upon which the terry warp is wound.. Although only
one warp-beam or roller bis shown, we employ as many warp-beams or rollers b as may
be requisite. The "terry warp" is carried around. the "letting off" or .delivery
rollers c, d, e, and one portion of the said "terry warp. "is then conducted over the
bar g, through the eyes of the pile healds g¹, 92, 93, then over a bar h. The,
remaining. portion of the "terry warp" passes from the roller e, through.the eyes of

page_text: "
ealds g, 9, 9. The terry warp threads A are then passed through certain of the
ealds B. Carried by the end-framings of the loon is a warp-beam or roller k, on
or body of the fabric or
hich is wound the warp which is to form the "back
cloth" being woven. Although only one warp-beam or roller k, is shown, more than
ne warp-beam or roller k may be employed to carry the warp to be employed to
The warp C from the
orm the "back" or body of the fabric or cloth being woven.
varp-beam or roller is passed over a guide, and then through the eyes of certain
f the healds D. The warps A, C, after passing through certain of the healds B, D,
pass through the reed m and over the breast-beam n, to be taken up by any suitable
taking-up roller." Carried by the end-framings of the loom is the crank shaft o
provided with cranks o¹. Each crank o' is provided with a connecting rod p, jointed
o a bracket 7. The bracket 7 we form with parts q', which pass into and are capable
of being slidden in grooves formed in a bracket formed upon or secured to the
Jointed to the bracket is one end of a connecting rod, the
slay sword." s.
other end of which is jointed to one end of a lever u, which is mounted fast upon a
shaft carried and capable of being oscillated in the end-framings of the loom.
Fast upon the shaft is an arm w, to which is jointed one end of a connecting rod x
jointed at its upper end to a lever y, carried by and capable of being oscillated upon
Formed in the lever y is a slot y², into
a study secured to the end-framing a.
The wheel 1
which passes a crank-pin projecting from the side of a wheel 1, carried by and
capable of being rotated upon a stud 1", secured to the end-framing a.
The wheels 1. and 2 are so
gears into a wheel 2, fast upon the crank-shaft o.
proportioned to each other that the crank-shaft o will make two revolutions while
the wheel 1. makes one revolution. The wheel 1, by means of the trains of
wheels 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, imparts rotary motion to the "letting off roller" c in
the direction indicated by the arrow E. The wheel 1, by means of the train of
wheels 11, 12, 13, and 14, transmits rotary motion to a chain-barrel 15, carried by
and capable of being rotated upon a stud 15", secured to the end-framing a.
Around the chain-barrel 15, and actuated thereby, is a pattern chain 16 which, by
means of levers 17, cords 17ª, shafts 18, and cords 19, operates the terry healds g¹, g²,
9³, 9ª, 9°, 1º.
じ
During the working of the loom the rotation of the crank-shaft o will, by means
slay" s'.
of the crank o¹ and connecting rod p, impart a to and fro-motion to the "
The rotation of the crank-shaft o will, by means of the wheels 2, 1, cause the lever y
to be alternately raised and lowered; and by means of the connecting rod arm w,
shaft v, lever u, and connecting rod t, cause the bracket y to be alternately raised and
lowered. During one revolution of the crank o', when the "slay" is moving in
the direction indicated by the arrow F, the crank-pin will be in its lowest position
and cause the brackety to be nearest to the centre upon which the "slay" s¹ oscillates,
thereby causing the "slay"s to beat up to the "fell" of the "cloth." During the
will be in its highest position, and
next revolution of the crank o' the crank-pin
will, by means of the lever y, connecting rods and w, shaft v, lever u and connecting
rod t, raise the bracket away from the centre upon which the "slay" is oscillated,
and thus cause the "slay"s to be oscillated a less angular distance, and consequently
5 the reed m will not beat the weft up to the "fell."
::
:
52
After the slay" has "beaten up" the weft to the "fell" the next "pick" of
been
having
Tell owing to the bracket
weft will not be "beaten up" to the "
raised to its highest position and thereby causing the movement of the "slay"s to he
reduced. The said "pick" of weft will be placed at such a distance from the "fell" as
0. will correspond to the quantity of "terry warp" A necessary for forming the loop of
the "pile"or terry." The next pick having been made, the weft will bind together
"back" or "body" of the
the warp-threads which are employed to form the
cloth or fabric, and also bind to the warp-threads which are employed to form
or fabric, those threads of the "terry warp" or
the back or body of the "cloth
55." terry warps" A which are to be formed into loops of "terry" or
When the "slay"s next "beats up" the bracket y will have been moved to its
""
"
pile."

page_text: دو
lowest position by the crank-pin z, and the "slay"s will be caused to
"beat up
the weft to the "fell" of the "cloth" and the weft by binding upon the said threads of
the "terry warp" A will carry forward such warp-threads and form them into loops, the
said warp-threads having previously been slackened by the "pile healds" g': g², g³,
9, 95, 96, so that such warp-threads may be readily formed into loops. The "pile
healds" g, g, y³, y³, g³, gº, are so arranged and worked that when certain warp-
threads of the "terry warp" A are to be formed into loops or "pile" such warp-
threads are slackened. The "letting off" must be so regulated by means of the
wheels 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 that the quantity of warp "let off" or delivered
is that requisite for forming the loops of the "terry" or pile." The length of
the loops for forming the terry or "pile may be made longer or shorter by
the crank-pin being caused to give a greater or less amount of downward
movement to the bracket g, thereby causing the "binding picks" for causing the
terry loops or pile to be placed further from or nearer to the "fell" of the cloth
or fabric being woven.
"
"
"
33
When weaving a fabric in which cross strips or stripes of plain cloth or other
patterns requiring a less amount of "terry warp" than terry' or "pile" are
required to be produced at intervals we cause a less amount of "terry warp" to be
given off, and in such cases we employ a "star wheel" and "noggin wheel," or an
apparatus by means of which an intermittent motion may be produced, or any other
suitable arrangement by means of which the rate at which the "terry warp" A or
terry warps is or are "let off" may be reduced when required, such apparatus being
brought into action when required by means of a suitablo pattern-chain or other
suitable apparatus.
"
55
A method of giving off a less amount of "terry warp" when cross
of plain cloth or other patterns requiring a less amount of "terry warp
strips or stripes
" than "terry"
or pile" are required to be produced at intervals is shown in Figs. 1" and 1, Fig. 1ª
being a front view and Fig 1 a side view of that which is shown in Fig. 1. Fast
upon the axle 27 of the delivery roller c is a wheel 28 into the teeth of which gears
a worm 29" fast upon a short shaft 29 supported by and capable of being turned in
bearings formed in brackets 20 secured to the end-framing of the loom. Fast upon
the shaft 29 is a ratchet wheel 31. Mounted upon the shaft 29 and free to be
oscillated thereon is a lever 32 to which is jointod a click or tooth 33 which takes
into or engages with the teeth of the ratchet wheel 31. The ratchet wheel 31 is pre-
vented from being turned in a direction opposite to that indicated by the arrow H
by means of pawls or clicks 31. To the lever 32 is connected one end of a cord or
chain 34 the other end of which is connected to any convenient and suitable part of
the loom. By means of the cord or chain 34 the lever 32 may be caused to oscillate
upon the shaft 29. When the lever 32 is raised the click or tooth 33 will cause the
ratchet wheel 31 to be turned in the direction indicated by the arrow H but when the
lever 32 descends the click or tooth 33 will pass over the teeth of the ratchet wheel 31.
Beneath the lever 32 is situate a chain-barrel 35 which receives rotary motion from
any convenient part of the loom. We provide the chain-barrel 35 with a chain 36
provided with projecting parts 36. When a cross strip or stripe of plain cloth or
other pattern requiring a less amount of "terry warp" than "terry" or "pile" is to
be produced a projecting part 36 of the chain 36 arrives beneath the lever 32 and
the lever 32 will be prevented from descending beyond a certain distance and when
the lever 32 is again raised, the ratchet wheel 31 will receive little or no rotation and
less or no "terry warp" will be given off or delivered.
The quantity of "terry warp "given off may be regulated by varying the height
of the projecting parts of the chain 36" of the chain 36.
The time during which the lever 32 is supported by the projecting portion of the
chain 36 will depend upon the length of the projecting portion 36" of the chain 36
which will require to be of a length corresponding to the width of the strip or stripe
of plain cloth or other pattern requiring a less amount of "terry warp" than "terry"
ог pile," required to be produced. The time during which the lever 32 is
"

page_text: pported by the chain 36 may also bo regulated by two or more links formed with
When the arrange-
ojecting parts 36 being placed in succession in the chain 36.
ent illustrated in Figs. 1 and 1' is employed the train of wheels 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
nd 10 is dispensed with.
The pile healds g², g², g³, gª, gº, gº, and the other healds B, D, we actuate by means
f any suitable apparatus.
"
"
"
"
or terry warps
We have hereinbefore referred to the threads of the "terry warp'
nd the warp or warps employed in forming the back or body of the fabric or "cloth
s being operated by healds, but we propose in some cases to operate such warp-
hreads by means of a "Jacquard apparatus" or a combination of "Jacquard apparatus
nd healds, such arrangements enabling us to weave "pile fabrics" interspersed with
portions of other fabrics.
The second part of our invention which relates to certain of the chains which
operate in conjunction with bowls or rollers, and are employed for operating the
healds, shuttle-boxes, or other parts of looms, is illustrated by Figs. 4 and 5 of the
accompanying drawings. Fig. 4 being a front view and Fig. 5 a side elevation.
According to this part of our invention we construct each chain, of parts 20, upon
which are formed projections or inclines 20%, and of other parts 21, which constitute
links or connecting pieces. Each of the parts 20 and links or connecting pieces 21
we furnish with holes, through which are passed the pins or studs 22, by which the
parts of the chain are connected together, and we also form through such parts 20 and
links or connecting pieces 21 holes through which, when required, bolts 23 may be
passed. Each of the bolts 23 is provided with a nut 23. By the nuts 23ª being
screwed upon their respective bolts 23, the bolts 23 may be caused to bind together
certain of the aforesaid parts 20 and links or connecting pieces 21, so that when the
parts 20, upon which are the projections or inclines 20ª, are acting upon the bowl or
roller, or bowls or rollers, in conjunction with which they are employed the said pro-
jections or inclines 20* will be kept in proper position for acting upon the said bowl
or roller, or bowls or rollers. To enable the parts 20 and links or connecting pieces 21
to turn upon the pins 22, the parts 20 and links or connecting piecos 21 are made
thinner at the ends than at the parts where the bolts 23 pass through the said parts 20
and links or connecting pieces 21.
According to a further part of our invention we in some cases employ curved
guides 24, which project over the ends of the pins 22, such guides 24 preventing the
chain G from slipping upon the barrel 25, by which it is driven. In some cases we
only employ one of the guides 24.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
"
" terries or
1. In looms for weaving the "cloths" or woven fabrics known as
"pile woven fabrics" in "fast reed" looms, the method of working which consists in
so operating the "slay" that at one beat of the "slay" one "pick" of weft shall be
left at a certain distance from the "fell" of the "cloth" or fabric being woven, and
at the next beat of the "slay" the next "pick" of weft shall, with the one aforesaid,
be beaten up to the "fell" of the cloth or fabric, and draw and carry forward the warp
to form the loops of the "terry."
"
"
or woven fabrics known as
"terries" or
2. In looms for weaving the "cloths
pile woven fabrics" the herein before described method of delivering and slackening
the warp-threads of which the "terry" loops are to be formed, which consists in the
O employment of a warp-beam or roller driven by gearing and of healds, by means of
which the warp-threads of which loops are to be formed are slackened when required.
3. For use in looms, pattern-chains provided with bolts, by means of which the
links of such pattern-chains are kept in proper working position substantially as
herein before described in reference to and indicated in and by Figs. 4 and 5 of the
5 accompanying drawings.

page_text: 4. For use in looms in which pattern-chains are employed, and in order to prevent
such pattern-chains from leaving or becoming disengaged from the barrels by which
they are to be driven, guides 24 placed adjacent to the pattern-chains, substantially
as shown in and described in reference to Figs. 4 and 5 of the accompanying
drawings.
Dated this Third day of January 1890.
JOHN FARRAN.
W. T. Cheetham,
Manchester, Agent to the Applicants.