IMPROVEMENTS IN DIRECT-ACTING ENGINES AND PUMPS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Brown Hardick and John Hardick, of
Brooklyn, in the State of New York, United States of America,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DIRECT-ACTING ENGINES AND
PUMPS."
Sealed the 5th September 1868, and dated the 23rd April 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Brown Hardick
and John Hardick at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 23rd April 1868.
We, CHARLES BROWN HARDICK and JOHN HARDICK, of Brooklyn,
in the State of New York, United States of America, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DIRECT-ACTING
ENGINES AND PUMPS," to be as follows:-
The engine and pump are placed on the same line, so that the piston
rods are connected together and have the same length of stroke. The
diameter of the water cylinder is to be proportioned to that of the
steam cylinder, reference being had to the pressure of steam and the
height of the column of water.

page_text: Our improvements relate, first, to the valves of the pump which are
either prismatic or cylindrical, and are introduced endwise through the
side of the valve chest and rest down upon their seats; the openings
through which the valves are introduced or withdrawn are covered by
a cap plate or plates. By this construction a valve can be taken out
and any obstruction removed, or the valve cleaned, or repaired, or
ground to its seat without disturbing any of the pipes or connections,
the cap plates at the sides of the valve chest only requiring to be taken
off. The waterways in the valve chest are so arranged that the water
is drawn in below the lower pair of valves and is forced out through
the scats of the upper pair of valves into the air vessel and delivery
pipe.
The second part of our Invention relates to the valve of the steam
cylinder. As the action of the engine is direct we make the pressure of
steam move the main valve of the engine and control the action of the
steam on that valve by a small secondary valve. The steam valve is
made with 'a cylinder above it, in which is a piston upon a rod that passes
both ways through the heads of the valve cylinder and reaches the
interior of the valve chest, so that the piston and rod stand still and
the steam is admitted by the small secondary valve and acts between
the piston and one head to move the valve and its cylinder one way, and
then the valve is moved the other way by a corresponding action of the
The small
steam in the other part of the cylinder of the valve.
secondary valve is moved by a connection to the piston rod of the steam
and water cylinders, so that it is operated at the end portions of the
stroke. The steam and exhaust ports of the steam and auxiliary valves
are arranged so that the steam is admitted and exhausted at the proper
times for moving the steam valve admitting and exhausting steam from
the engine.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 3
filed by the said Charles Brown Hardick and John Hardick in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 22nd October 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CHARLES
BROWN HARDICK and JOHN HARDICK, of Brooklyn, in the State of
New York, United States of America, send greeting.
3

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Charles Brown Hardick and John
Hardick, Her special licence that we, the said Charles Brown Hardick
and John Hardick, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said Charles Brown Hardick and John Hardick, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an' Invention of "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN DIRECT-ACTING ENGINES AND PUMPS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Charles Brown Hardick and John
Hardick, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one
of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner tlie, same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar montlis next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent...
NOW. KNOW YE,, that L, the said Charles Brown Hardick, on
behalf of myself, and the said John Hardick, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention,.and.in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawing forming
a.part of this Specification :-
In the said Drawing, Figure 1 is a side elevation with part of the, pump
and its valve chest in section; Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of the
steam valve and chest; Figure 3 is a plan of the seat for the steam
valves; Figure 4 is an inverted plan of the steam and auxiliary valves:;.
and Figure 5 is a cross section of the pump valve chest at the line. x, xij;
Figure 6 is a side view of the, auxilliary valve. The engine. and pump
are placed on. the same line,, so that the, piston rods are connected
together. and. have the same length of stroke. The diameter of the
water cylinder. is to be proportioned to that of the steam cylinder,
reference being had to the pressure of steam and the height of the
column of water:.,

page_text: The present Invention relates, first, to the valves of the pump which
are either prismatic or cylindrical, and are introduced endwise through
the side of the valve chest and rest down upon their seats; the openings
through which the valves are introduced or withdrawn are covered by a
cap plate or plates. By this construction a valve can be taken out and
any obstruction removed, or the valve cleaned or repaired or ground to
its seat without disturbing any of the pipes or connections, the cap
plates at the sides of the valve chest only requiring to be taken off.
The waterways in the valve chest are arranged so that the water
is drawn in from below the lower pair of valves and is forced out
through the seats of the upper pair of valves into the air vessel and
delivery pipe.
The second part of this Invention relates to the valve of the steam
cylinder. As the action of the engine is direct the pressure of steam is
made to move the main valve of the engine and control the action of the
steam on that valve by a small secondary valve. The steam valve is
made with a cylinder above it, in which is a piston upon a rod that
passes both ways through the heads of the valve cylinder and reaches
the interior of the valve chest, so that the piston and rod stand still and
the steam is admitted by the small secondary valve and acts between :
the piston and one head to move the valve and its cylinder one way; and
then the valve is moved the other way by a corresponding action of the
steam in the other part of the cylinder of the valve. The small
secondary valve is moved by a connection to the piston rod of the steam
and water cylinders so that it is operated at the end portions of the
stroke. The steam and exhaust ports of the steam and auxiliary valves
are arranged so that the steam is admitted and exhausted at the proper
times for moving the steam valve and admitting and exhausting steam
from the engine.
In the Drawing, a is the steam cylinder; b, the water cylinder; c, the
water piston; d, the steam piston; and e, the piston rod; f is the inlet
water pipe; and i, i, are the inlet valves in the valve chest m¹; and o, o,
are the second pair of valves to the delivery pipe g and air chamber ;
k is the movable cap that closes the openings in the sides of the valve
chest, through which the valves are introduced. It is preferable to have
two of these caps k, one on each side of the valve chest, so that the valve
seats are accessible from side to side and can be easily cleaned or
repaired. One bolt 2 may hold both these caps k so that the valves can

page_text: be cleaned or repaired with great facility. The steam valve / and
auxiliary valve m are formed with faces, as shown in Fig. 4, and the
seat for these valves is made with the ports shown in Fig. 3, the
auxiliary valve m setting at the side of the valve 1. The valve m is
moved but a short distance near the end of the stroke of the piston by
means of a connection p from said piston (see Figure 1) to a lever
arm p' hung loosely on the rock shaft q, which rock shaft passes within
the valve chest q' and has an arm & acting in the horns of the auxiliary
valve m, see Figure 6, and upon that rock shaft q is a plate with
adjustable tappets 8, 8, that can be moved to regulate the point at which
the arm p' shall move the rock shaft and auxiliary valve, and thereby the
length of stroke of the piston may be determined. The steam valve
has upon it the cylinder & in which is a piston t on a rod t¹ that passes
through the heads of the cylinder and extends to the interior of the
valve chest q' so as to remain stationary. The disks u upon the rod t
limit the amount of movement of the valve and also retain a cushion of
steam in the cylindrical countersunk heads of the valve, thereby
preventing concussion. Commencing with the valves in the position
shown in Figure 3 by dotted lines the valve m is moved along by the
rock shaft, and it allows steam to pass up from the depressed part 3 of
the seat through the cavity 4 of the valve m down through the port 5
that has its ends in the surface of the valve seat and up into the port 6
of the valve and into the end 7 of the cylinder A, and moves the valve /
to the position shown in Figure 2 causing its cavity 8 to admit steam
from the depression 9 of the seat into the steam port 10 and cylinder a
to move the piston d the other way, and in so doing the cavity 18 passes
beyond the depression 19 and opens the port 20 to the main exhaust
port 31. As the valve is moved the face of the valve closes the port 5
and immediately opens the port 11 to the small, exhaust port 12, there-
fore the steam that has moved the valve docs not remain in the cylinder ❝
to cause a blow as the valve finishes its movement, and as soon as the
valve commenced to move the side 17 of the cylinder & was opened
also to the exhaust by the ports 16, 15, and cavity 14 in the valve m
communicating with the auxiliary exhaust 23, so that during the stroke
of the engine the cylinder is open on both sides to the exhaust, and
when the valve m is moved the other way its face first covers the
exhaust 23 and then admits steam from the depression 13 through the
ports 15 and 16 and into the side 17 of the cylinder A and reverses
the movement, during which movement the port 15 is closed, and the

page_text: ports 21 and 22 coinciding allow the exhaust from the cylinder as before,
and in the motion of the valve the steam is admitted. to the other end
of the cylinder a from the depression 19, through the cavity, 18 and
port 20. The inlet waterway f and valves i, i, may be placed below
the cylinder and the valves a above the cylinder.
What is claimed and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is,-
First. A valve chest and prismatic or cylindrical valves with openings
at the ends of the valve seats covered by a removable cap to give easy
access to the valves and seats.
Second. The stationary piston in. combination with the cylinder A
formed with or attached to the valve l, substantially as specified.
Third. The disks and recesses at the end of the cylinder: in com
bination with the valve to cushion the valve and prevent concussion.
substantially as set forth.
Fourth. The ports in the valve seat arranged as shown in combination
with the steam valve and auxiliary valve m, as and for the purposes
specified.
In witness whereof; I, the said Charles Brown Hardick, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of
September, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-eight.
Witnesses,
CHAS. H. SMITH,
121, Nassau St.,
N. Y.,
GEO. D. WALKER,
121, Nassau St.,
'N. Y.
CHARLES BROWN HARDICK. (L.S.)