Improvements in Buttons, Knobs, and Appliances for fixing the same.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Buttons, Knobs, and Appliances for fixing
the same.
GEORGE RYDILL, 20, Back Lawson Street, Dewsbury, Merchant, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to improvements in buttons knobs and appliances
for fixing the same without a needle or thread made of any design or colour for
men and women garments corsets shoes gloves collars cuffs upholstery and the like
made of gold silver nickel German silver aluminium aluminium bronze brass
copper zinc blocktin iron steel or other metal or metallic substances which may be
electroplated ivory pearl vegetable stone nut ivory horn bone jet wood glass
porcelain earthenware papier mache vulcanised india rubber hard vulcanite com-
position or other substances moulded cast pressed stamped turned in a lathe or
spun sheet metal for the purpose of producing pierced buttons and knobs with a
shank projection or swell on the underside having essentially a hole through in
the centre for fixing a pierced internal screwed stud shank or an internal screwed
tube or shank in a hole made in the centre of a button or knob for the purpose of
screwing the small end of a headed screw into the internal screwed shank or tube.
By this invention a button may serve to be used as a button for a garment or a
knob for a drawer or other article and may be ornamented with letters on the
front side or a button or knob may be covered with any textile material or orna-
mented with a crest the likeness of a person or other ornamentations produced by
engraving stamped out with dies upon sheet metal and fixed on to the front side
of a button or knob in a lathe by the usual means of turning the metal over the
round edge which prevents the unsightly appearance of piercing a button with
several holes and stitching and the same may be fixed in such a manner that it
will not work loose or fall off but may be quickly released at will when a garment
or other article requires to be washed or cleaned.
One form of button knob and appliances for fixing the same according to my
invention is as follows.
I make a button or knob of any suitable material or design with a shank pro-
jection or swell on the underside having but one hole made through in the centre
which hole may be unscrewed or screw threaded made either round square or oval
which forms a kind of pierced shank projection on the underside of a button or
knob formed or turned out of one solid piece like vegetable ivory or other suitable
substance or material formed in a lathe or stamped or pressed into shape in any suitable
soft substance or in metal or metals and to enable a button or knob having but
one hole made through in the centre to be attached to a coat or other garment I
make the head of a metal or metallic stud a little larger than the hole in a button
or knob and the shank of the stud is made a little longer than the thickness of a
button or knob it is intended to pass through formed out of one solid piece of metal

page_text: or metallic substance made either round square or oval so that it will extend a
little beyond the projection or swell on the underside of a button or knob it is
intended to pass through I then pierce the shank of the stud on the underside to
a depth reaching into the head or in some cases both the shank and the head of
the stud are pierced through and the pierced hole is screwthreaded for the small
end of a headed screw to be screwed into on the underside.
I then pass the small end of the headed hollow screwed stud shank or tube which
is made to fit a hole in a button or knob through the hole on the top side of a button
or knob and the small end of the hollow internal screwed shank or tube of the
headed stud extends a little beyond the underside of the button or knob I then
place on to or over the small end of the extended stud shank tube a pierced cupped
metal metallic or other washer having a plain corrugated fluted beaded projections
or a serrated edge so that the convex side of the washer to form a flange is placed
against the underside of the button or knob and by means of an expanding tool
the small end of the internal screwed stud shank or tube is expanded or enlarged
on the under or concave side of the washer so that the washer is fixed close to the
underside of the button or knob and made fast as a solid piece to the small end of
the internal pierced stud shank or tube causing the cupped washer to form a kind
of fixed flange on the underside of a button or knob.
I then pass the small end of a headed screw made of a size to screw into the stud
shank tube through a hole on the convex side of a pierced cupped washer which
may be made to have a plain corrugated fluted beaded projections or a serrated
edge and on piercing a hole in a coat or other garment or material with a bodkin
or other instrument and on placing the small end of a headed screw through the
hole in a garment from the inside and on placing the underside of a button or knob
against the pierced hole on the outside and on screwing the screw into the screwed
stud shank tube the button or knob placed on the outside is tightly drawn close
to a garment by the screw having been turned round on the inside and so fixed
that it can not be drawn out though the button or knob may turn round on the
stud shank tube by any outward pressure it will in no way have effect to loosen
or turn round either the stud shank tube or the plain corrugated fluted beaded
projections or a serrated edge washer for the tighter it is screwed up the more the
edges of the washer forming a flange on the underside are pressed into the material
so that the same remains fixed until the screw is intentionally unscrewed.
Or I make a button or knob of any suitable material or design with a shank
projection or swell on the underside having but one hole made through the centre
which hole may be unscrewed or screw threaded made either round square or oval
which forms a kind of pierced shank projection or swell on the underside of a
button or knob formed or moulded in glass or turned out of one solid piece like
vegetable ivory or other suitable substance or material and to enable a button
having but one hole made through in the centre to be attached to a coat or other
garment a metal or metallic tube is made to have a screwed thread on the inside
and the outside form of the internal screwed tube is made round square or oval
to suit the hole in a button or knob it is intended to be fixed in and the internal
screwed tube is made a little longer than the thickness of the button or knob it is
intended to pass through and to enable the ends of a metal or metallic tube screwed
or unscrewed on the inside to be pressed into or partly imbeded into the material
round the outer ends of the hole in a button or knob the edges at each end of the
hole are indented or serrated a little and on inserting the internal screwed tube
into the central hole in a button or knob the ends of the internal screwed tube are
made long enough to project a little on both sides I then place on to or over the
end of the extended internal screwed tube on the underside of a button or knob a
pierced cupped metal metallic or other washer having a plain corrugated fluted
beaded projections or a serrated edge with the convex side placed against the under-
side of the button or knob I then place the ends of the internal screwed tube of
the button or knob betwixt two centres in a lathe and by means of pressure or an
expanding tool the ends of the screwed tube are expanded or enlarged so that the

page_text: washer is fixed close to the underside of the button or knob made fast as a solid
piece to the washer and the projecting screwed tube on the top side of a button
or knob is so fixed or expanded or enlarged and may be made so to grip the button
or knob that it may or may not be made for a button or knob to turn round on the
outside of the internal screwed tube by any outward pressure but will have no
effect to loosen or turn round either the internal screwed tube or the fixed washer.
I then pass the small end of a headed screw made of a size to screw into the
screwed tube fixed in the button or knob through a hole on the convex side of a
pierced cupped washer and on piercing a hole in a coat or other garment or material
with a bodkin or other instrument and on placing the small end of a headed screw
through the hole in a garment from the inside and on placing the underside of a
button or knob against the pierced hole on the outside and on screwing the screw
into the internal screwed tube fixed in the button or knob cause the same to be
tightly drawn close to the garment causing the corrugated fluted beaded projections
or a serrated edge of the washer fixed to the internal screwed tube on the under-
side of a button or knob to be pressed into the material so fixing the button or knob
that it can not be drawn out or the screw loosend by having made the screwed
tube fast to the washer and the edges of the washer by having been pressed into
the material prevents both the washer and tube from turning round.
In order to make a button or knob out of thin sheet metal and to utilise small
thin pieces of ivory pearl bone vegetable ivory German silver sheet cuttings sheet
white metal sheet brass sheet copper block tin or other thin metal scrap cuttings
or stampings such are turned in a lathe or formed by stamping out sheet metal
with a steel die or dies to form a suitable disc or blank having a hole made through
in the centre and to give it its final form the metal disc or discs may be impressed
with engraved letters or ornamentations and to make the same into a button or
knob a metal or metallic shank tube is formed out of solid metal pierced through
and internally screw threaded and at each end of the internal screwed shank tube
the ends are reduced so as to form a collar on the shank tube for the concave side
of a disc to pass on to the end to form the front side of a button or knob and the
convex side of a corrugated fluted beaded projections or a serrated edged washer
to form a flange is passed onto the other end of the collared internal screwed shank
tube to form the underside of a button or knob and on placing the ends of the
internal screwed shank tube betwixt two centres in a lathe and by means of
pressure or an expanding tool the ends of the internal screwed shank tube are
expanded or enlarged so fixing the front disc and washer forming a flange on the
collard screwed tube.
Or an internal screwed tube forming a shank is cut to the required length to form
a shank for a button or knob I then pass a short unscrewed metal or metallic tube
over the screwed shank tube such being shorter than the internal screwed shank
tube cause the short tube to form a kind of collar at each end of the internal
screwed shank tube and on placing a pierced disc of ivory pearl or metal with a
straight or a concave side of a disc on to the projecting end of the internal screwed
tube to form the front side of a button or knob and the pierced convex side of a
corrugated fluted beaded projections or a serrated edged washer is passed on to the
other end against the short tube which forms a collar on the internal screwed shank
tube which forms the underside of a button or knob and on placing the ends of
the internal screwed shank tube betwixt two centres in a lathe and by means of
pressure or an expanding tool the ends of the internal screwed tube are expanded
or enlarged pressing tightly the front disc and washer forming a flange against
the ends of the short tube forming a collar so fixing the disc and washer forming
a flange on the internal screwed tube against the short tube on the underside that
it remains fixed. On passing the small end of a headed screw through a hole on
the convex side of a pierced cupped washer formed with a concave centre and on
piercing a hole in a coat or other garment or material and on passing the small
end of a headed screw through the hole in a garment from the inside and on placing

page_text: the underside of a button or knob against the pierced hole on the outside and on
screwing the screw into the screwed shank tube the button or knob is tightly drawn
close to a garment or other material and the tighter it is screwed up the more the
edges of the washer are pressed into the material and remains fixed.
Or a button or knob is made with a shank projection or swell on the underside
out of sheet metal and in the centre of the sunk projection or swell a hole is pierced
and the metal forced outward into the form of a short tube over this short tube I
place a pierced washer to form a flange on the underside and on placing the same
in a lathe betwixt two centres the projecting end of the short tube is expanded or
enlarged so fixing the washer forming a flange on the underside of a button or knob.
Or a sectional front side of a button or knob may be stamped out of sheet metal
with steel dies so that the front side is convex a little and the underside concave
a little and at the centre on the concave side a short projecting pierced shank tube
is formed out of the solid metal and a washer or flange to form the underside of
the button or knob is stamped out of sheet metal so formed that the front side is
convex a little and at the centre a short projecting pierced shank tube is formed
out of the solid metal and the underside is concave a little having a plain corru-
gated fluted beaded projections or a serrated edge and on placing the under or
concave side forming the front part of a button or knob against the convex side to
form the underside of a button or knob both the underside and front side of the
two pierced shank projections or tubes are brought against each other to form a
pierced shank tube betwixt the two united half shank tube discs which may be
brazed together and the shank screwed internally or an unscrewed or a screwed
tube may be passed through the two half shanked pierced discs and on placing
the ends of the unscrewed or screwed tube betwixt two centres in a lathe and by
means of pressure or an expanding tool one end of the tube is expanded or enlarged
on the front or convex side and on the under or concave side of the washer or flange
the end of the tube is expanded or enlarged so that the two sections forming a
button or knob are held firmly together by the enlarged or expanded ends of the
unscrewed or internal screwed tube.
Dated this 8th day of April 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Buttons, Knobs, and Appliances for fixing
the same.
I, GEORGE RYDILL, of 20, Back Lawson Street, Dewsbury, in the County of
York, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement: --
This invention relates to improvements in buttons, knobs, and appliances for
fixing the same.
Buttons constructed according to this invention may be made of any design or
colour, and of any material such as gold, silver, nickel, German silver, aluminium,
aluminium bronze, brass, copper, zinc, block or other tin, bronze, pewter, iron,
steel, or other metal or metallic substance or substances which may be electro-
plated, ivory, pearl, vegetable stone, nut ivory, horn, bone, jet, wood, glass,
porcelain, earthenware, papier mache, vulcanized india rubber, xylonite, ebonite,

page_text: celluloid, hard vulcanite composition, or other substances, or a combination of two
or more of them, moulded, cast, pressed, stamped, turned, or spun, or partly turned
and partly spun or pressed or stamped, so as to be capable of being attached to men's
and women's garments, and other articles of clothing, such as, say, corsets, boots,
shoes, gloves, collars, and cuffs, as well as to upholstery and the like without the
use of a needle and thread.
Buttons constructed according to this invention are formed with a shank, or swell,
say, in tubular form on the underside of the head, made out of or attached to the
head and pierced or provided with a central hole which may have a screw thread
cut therein. The shank or swell, hereafter termed a shank, may be armed at its
lower or outer end with a flange which is fixed thereto by any convenient means.
The flange may or may not have serrated edges arranged to form spikes or teeth
for gripping the surface of the garment or other article upon which it is made to
impinge. A headed screw, or a screw armed with a projecting flange, is made to
pass into the central hole of the shank and is employed for clamping the cloth,
fabric, or other garment or article between its head or projecting flange, and thereby
securely attaching and securing the button in position.
Knobs may be secured in position by similar means as that just described for the
button.
In the drawings hereunto annexed I have shown the invention as applied to
buttons and knobs.
Fig. 1 is an enlarged sectional elevation of a button and fixing arrangement in
which the shank is formed out of the head portion of the button with a screwed
bushing inserted therein.
Fig. 2 an enlarged plan of same.
Fig. 4 an enlarged part sectional elevation of part of fixing arrangement.
Fig. 4 an enlarged part sectional elevation of part of fixing arrangement.
Fig. 5 an enlarged sectional elevation of the head portion of a button and flanged
shank bushed with an eyeletted tube.
Fig. 6 an enlarged part sectional elevation of part of fixing arrangement for
same.
Fig. 7 an enlarged sectional elevation of the head portion of a button with flanged
shank attached thereto.
Fig. 8 a sectional elevation of shank.
Fig. 9 an enlarged sectional elevation of part of fixing arrangement.
Fig. 10 a plan of same.
Fig. 11 an enlarged sectional elevation of the head portion of a button with a
shank formed of two pieces of tubes.
Fig. 12 a sectional elevation of the shank of same.
Fig. 13 an enlarged sectional elevation of the head of a button with the shank
formed out of the disc of the head portion.
Fig. 14 an enlarged sectional elevation of the head portion of a button with the
shank portion formed out of the disc of the button, and flange portion which are
held together by the clenched ends of a bushing tube.
Fig. 15 a sectional elevation of the bushing tube.
Fig. 16 a sectional elevation of a knob fixed in position in accordance with this
invention.
Like parts in all the views are marked with similar letters of reference.
I will first briefly give a description of the parts and then how they are fixed
together.
A is the head which forms the front part of the button or knob and which may be
made of any of the materials or a combination of two or more of them-herein-
before described and in the manner named.
B the shank, which is also made out of any of the materials named or combinations
of two or more of them, and which may be formed out of the disc part of the head por-
tion, as at, say, Figs. 1, 3, 5, 13, and 14. Or the shank may be formed,—say, by forging

page_text: stamping, or turning, out of a solid piece of metal so as to form the shoulders b
as at, say, Figs. 7 and 8, in which case the central hole b¹ is afterwards bored and
a screw thread tapped or screwed therein.
Or the shank may be formed out of two pieces B 62 of tube of varying lengths
in which the smaller length of tube B, (the ends of which form the shoulders b,) is
placed upon or screwed upon the outer periphery of the longer length of tube 63.
At, Figs. 11 and 12 the short piece of tube is shown placed upon the longer tube.
Or the shank may be formed partly out of the disc part of the head A, and partly
out of the flange D to be hereafter described as at Fig. 14. In this latter case the
head A and flange D are united together by the tube b².
C is a metal or other tube which in some cases is provided with a flange adapted
to fit into a recess in the head A, as at Fig. 1, and it is employed for bushing the
shank B. The tube C forms, a kind of an eyelet by which the flange D may be
fixed on to the end of the shank B by clenching or upsetting or turning its unflanged
end over on to the face of the flange, as at, say, Figs. 1 and 3. In some cases
the bushing may take the form of an unflanged tube 62 as at Figs. 5, 11, and 14,
in which case the ends thereof are clenched or turned over on to the faces
respectively of the head A and flange D. The central hole b¹ in the bushing,
which may have a screw thread cut or otherwise formed therein.
The flange or disc D, which forms the underside of the button or knob, and
which may be made of metal or of any of the materials previously named, is pro-
vided with a central hole which is made to fit the outer end of the shank B. The
flange D may be slightly dished or made concave, and its edge turned slightly
inwards around the whole or a portion of its periphery to provide for it having a
better grip or hold upon the garment or article to which it is applied. The under
surface of the flange may be plain, corrugated, fluted, beaded, or roughened, or
provided with projections for the same purpose. In the drawings I have shown
the flange serrated at intervals,-see Fig. 2,-and the teeth d are turned slightly
inwards to enable them to get a better grip upon the surface of the garment or
other article to which it is applied. E is a metal screw which passes into the
central hole b¹ of the shank B or its bushing C or 62 (which forms a nut for the
screw) for fixing the head A of the button in position. The head e of the screw
passes into a recess-see Figs. 1, 4 and 6-formed in a concaved metal or other
disc or washer F that is placed on, say, the inside of a garment, and forms a part
of the clamp between which and the flange D the fabric or part of a garment G or a
other article is placed as at Figs. 1 and 16. The screw E may, if desired, be made
to slightly project above the top of the shank B, and the edge or surface of the
washer F may be either plain, corrugated, fluted, beaded, serrated, or roughened
to enable it to obtain a better grip or hold upon the fabric, garment, or article.
At Fig. 1 the head A of the button or knob is made of any suitable material or 4
design with a shank projection or swell B on the underside having a hole 6¹ made
through its centre. The hole b¹ is made round, and with a screw thread cut thevein.
The head A, with the shank attached thereto, may be formed out of a solid piece
of, say, metal or vegetable ivory by any well known method, say for instance as is used
for metal spinning, turning, or stamping, a recess being formed in the head A to 4
receive the flange bushing C which is made to fit the recess and hole in the shank B.
The end of the bushing C extends a little beyond the underside of the head A to
enable the flange D to be placed thereon, and by means of an expanding tool the
end of the bushing is expanded or enlarged on the under or concave side of the
flange D so that it is fixed close to the underside of the shank B and made fast, 5
thereby providing the shank with a fixed flange for clamping purposes.
The end of a headed screw E is then made to pass into and say through a hole
in the washer F from its convex side so that the head of the screw may pass into
the recess formed in the washer. On piercing a hole say in a coat or other garment
or material with say a bodkin or other instrument, and passing the end of the 5
screw E through the said hole in a garment from the inside thereof into the screw

page_text: threaded hole 6 in the shank B or its bushing C, the head A which has been placed
on the outside of, say, the garment, is tightly drawn to it, and securely fixed in
position by the turning of the screw on the inside of, say, the garment, so that it
cannot be drawn out, though the head A may if desired be arranged to turn round
on its shank. But any outward pressure on the head A will not have any effect
to release or turn round either the shank B or its flange D. The tighter the
screw E and washer F is screwed up the more the edges of the flange D and of the
washer F forming a flange on the underside of, say, the garment are pressed into
the material so that the same remains fixed until the screw is intentionally un-
screwed and the head A released.
At Fig.
the head A of the button or knob is made of any suitable material or
design with a shank B formed out of the disc part of the head A on its underside
and having but one hole made through in the centre. This hole may be unscrewed
or screw threaded, in the drawings it is shown plain, that is unscrewed, through
which the bushing, in the form of a tube 62 with a central hole b¹ having a screw
thread cu therein is passed. The bushing 62 is made a little longer than the
thickness of the head A and the shank that it passes through, so as to enable its
ends to be, say, clenched or expanded on to the upper surface of the head A and
under surface of the flange D which is placed at the bottom of the shank B for
attaching the latter in position, that is to say the flange is fixed close to the under-
side of the shank B and made fast thereto. Whilst the upper end of the bushing b³
is made to grip the head A so that the latter may or may not turn or rotate on the
outside of the internal screwed tube by any outward pressure but such outward
pressure will not have any effect to loosen or turn either the internal screwed tube
or the fixed flange 1). The screw E may then be inserted in the hole b¹ of the
bushing and the head A and washer F fixed to, say, the garment as described for
Fig. 1.
At Fig. 7 the head A of the button or knob may be made out of say thin sheet
metal, and to utilise small thin pieces of ivory, pearl, bone, vegetable ivory, German
silver, sheet cuttings, sheet white metal, sheet brass, sheet copper block tin or other
thin metal scrap cuttings or stampings such as are turned in a lathe or formed by
stamping out sheet metal with a steel die or dies to form a suitable disc or blank
having a hole made through in the centre and to give it its final form the metal
disc or discs may be impressed with engraved letters or ornamentations. To make
the same into a button or knob a metal or metallic shank tube B is formed out of
solid metal as at Fig. 8 provided with a central hole b¹, which is internally screw
threaded, and at each end of the internally screwed shank B the ends are reduced
so as to form a collar 6 for the reception of the convex side of the head A. to pass
thereon, and the convex side of the flange D is passed on to the other end of the
shank B to form the upper part of the clamping device. The ends of the internally
screwed shank B are, by means of pressure or an expanding tool, expanded or
enlarged thus giving the head A and flange D securely thereon and thereto.
Or the unscrewed tube forming a shank B, as at Fig. 11 and 12, is cut to the
required length to form the shank proper for the button or knob. A short inter-
nally screwed metal or metallic tube 6 is passed through the unscrewed shank
tube B. The shank tube B is shorter than the internally screwed shank tube ba
so that the short tube may form a kind of collar at each end of the internally
screwed shank tube, and on placing the head A with its straight or convex side
on to the upper projecting end of the internally screwed tube 6s and the convex
side of the flange D on to the other end against the short tube which forms a collar
on to the internally screwed shank tube, and on placing the ends of the internal
screwed tube betwixt two centres in a lathe and by means of pressure or an expand-
ing tool the ends of the said internally screwed tube are expanded or enlarged
thereby pressing tightly the head A and the flange D against the ends of the
shank B whereby they are fixed on to the internally screwed tube. On passing
the small end of a headed screw E through a washer and hole in a garment into

page_text: the hole 61 of the tube 62 the button or knob may be securely fixed in position as
described for Fig. 1.
At Fig. 3 the head A of a button or knob is made with a shank projection or
swell B on the underside out of sheet metal and in the centre of the head A a hole
is pierced and the metal forced outward into the form of a short tube to form the
shank B. Over the end of the shank is placed the flange D and on placing
the head A. and flange D in a lathe betwixt' its two centres or an expanding tool the
projecting end of the shank B is expanded or enlarged so fixing the flange on the
underside of a button or knob.
At Figs. 14 and 15 the head A of a button or knob may be stamped out of sheet
metal with steel dies so that the front side is, say, a little convex and the underside
a little concave, and at the centre on the concave side a short projecting shank B
is formed out of the solid metal, and on the flange D, which forms the underside of
the button or knob, is stamped out of sheet metal so formed that the front side is
a little convex and at the centre a short projecting shank B is formed out of the
solid metal and the underside of the flange is a little concave having a plain corru-
gated, fluted, beaded projections or a serrated edge. The shank B in this arrange-
ment is thus formed partly out of the head A and partly out of the flange D. On
placing the under or concave side forming the head A against the convex side of
the flange D with the two parts of the shank B abutting these parts may, if so
desired be brazed together and the bushing -consisting of a tube which is
internally screw threaded, may be passed through the two parts of the shank B.
By placing the ends of the bushing 2 between two centres in a lathe and by means
of pressure or of an expanding tool each end thereof is expanded or enlarged on
the front or convex side of the head and on the under or concave side of the flange Di
so that the two portions forming a button or knob are held firmly together by the
enlarged or expanded ends of the bushing b².
At Fig. 16 the knob is shown fixed in position by similar means as at Fig. 1.
By this invention a button may serve to be used as a button for, say, a garment,
or a knob, say, for a drawer or other article, and may be ornamented with letters
on the front side, or a button or knob may be covered with any textile material or
ornamented with a crest, the likeness of a person, or other ornamentations produced
by engraving, stamped out with dies upon sheet metal and fixed on to the front.
side of a button or knob in a lathe by the usual means of turning the metal over
the round edge which prevents the unsightly appearance of piercing a button with
several holes and stitching, and the same may be fixed in such a manner that it
will not work loose or fall off but may be quickly released at will when a garment
or other article requires to be washed or cleaned.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 4
I claim is:
--:
1. A button or knob such as herein described and illustrated, in which the head
or front portion is provided with a shank-with or without a bushing-formed on
or attached thereto, capable of receiving a flange forming the upper part of a clamp-
ing device, having projections on its edges, said shank being provided with a central
hole into which is passed a screw-armed with a washer forming the lower part of
the clamping device for fixing the button or knob in position, all arranged and
combined as herein set forth and illustrated.
2. In a button or knob such as herein described and illustrated, a shank formed
in one or more parts, with shoulders for the reception of the head and flange portion 5
(provided with projections on its edge) of the button or knob which are fixed
thereto by expanding the ends of the shank, substantially as set forth and illustrated
with reference to Figs. 7 to 12 of the drawings.
3. In a button or knob such as herein described and illustrated, a shank such as B
formed partly out of the head of the button or knob and partly out of the flange 5

page_text: having projections on its edge and fixed in position by a bushing such as 62 the
ends of which are expanded over onto the surfaces of the said head and flange,
substantially as described with reference to Figs. 14 and 15 of the annexed drawings.
Dated this Seventh day of January 1898.
GEORGE RYDILL.