CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING ON WOOLLEN, COTTON, PAPER, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, PARTS OP WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE PURPOSES OF COLORING, SHADING, TINTING, OR VARNISHING SUCH SUBSTANCES
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
JACOBS, of Highgate, Kendal, Westmoreland, Cabinet Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty. Queen Victoria, by Her Royal
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-fourth day.of October,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty, in the fourteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Samuel Jacobs, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, Her especial license, sole
privilege and authority, that I, the said Samuel Jacobs, my exors, adññiors,
and assigns, and such others as I, the said Samuel Jacobs, my exors, admors,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales,
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, within the Islands of Jersey;
Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and also within all Her said Majesty's
Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN PRINTING ON WOOLLEN, COTTON, PAPER, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, PARTS OP
WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE PURPOSES OF COLORING,
SHADING, TINTING, OR VARNISHING SUCH SUBSTANCES;" in which said Letters
Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said Samuel Jacobs,
by an instrument under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascer-
A

page_text: tain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, and to cause the same to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
"Samuel Jacobs, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are described and ascer-
tained by the Drawings hereunto annexed, and forming part, thereof, and the
words and figures following, that is to say:
The nature of this Invention, and the principle of construction which
forms the bases thereof, consists in certain new mechanical combinations and
arrangements of parts hereafter mentioned and described, constituting a
machine or apparatus for printing patterns and shading or tinting in colors
on woollen, cotton, silk, canvass, paper, or other fabric or substance capable of
being printed upon with cut or engraved patterns or cast types. The principal
feature of this Invention consists in a new and peculiar arrangement and con-
struction of the color trough or vessel wherein the several different colors are
placed, to be afterwards taken up separately or collectively by a roller which
revolves in such said trough, the said roller giving off the color or colors so
taken up to the cut or engraved pattern or cast type with which the said
roller is in forced contact; and it is proposed by this Invention to employ
several of these color rollers and troughs when the design or pattern to be
printed is elaborate.
.
The accompanying sketch is intended to illustrate the principle of construc-
tion which constitutes this Invention. At Figure 1, which is a side elevation
of the principal parts of the machine or apparatus, A1, A2, A8, mark three
tiers of rollers, mounted in a suitable framing B, said rollers receiving rotary
motion through the agency of spur wheels C and bevilled wheels D, suitably
placed and actuated. A¹ mark those rollers upon which the pattern or device
is cut or engraved, or otherwise arranged; A³, pressure rollers between which
and the rollers A', the fabric or substance to be printed is caused to pass, as
exhibited at Figure 2; A³, rollers in contact with the rollers A¹. The
As revolve in a trough or troughs E, constructed in the following manner, as
exhibited at Figures 3, 4, 5. Figure 3 is a top plan view thereof, and
Figure 4, a cross section. a marks a semi-cylindrical shaped vessel, the ends
whereof are closed, as b; c, c, are two fixed partitions extending along the
entire length of the piece a; d, d, are ribs or partitions extending across the
piece a, and of the same curvature between the points *, *. The piece a has

page_text: grooves or channels formed on its inner surface to. receive the pieces d, d,-
which, being disposed or placed throughout the piece a at suitable distances, as
under, thereby form distinct and separate cells or chambers for the reception.
of coloring matters; and in such of the said cells as are not required to impart
such coloring matter to any particular portion of the pattern roller, the same.
are to be closed by. stoppers g, of the shape shewn at Figure .5, after which
curved plates h are securely fixed over and against the partition pieces d, d,
care being taken in fixing these plates to leave a long slit. or opening,
through which the colouring matter may pass. from such of the cells or
chambers as have not stoppers placed therein. The trough, thus arranged and
constructed, is ready for use, and assuming the. cells to be charged with:
coloring matter, it will appear evident that as the roller A³ revolves it will take:
up the various colors which flow from the different cells through the slits or
openings, and impart them, either separately or blended, to that portion of the
surface of the engraved or printing rollers in contact therewith. For coloring,
tinting, or shading lithographic designs, two troughs must be used to each:
printing roller, one to supply water, the other color, thereto; and it should be:
observed that according to this Invention each pattern roller upon which the
design is, whatever number may be employed, has a color roller and troughi
similar to that before mentioned and described. These troughs are capable of
being pressed with more or less force against the color rollers by means of
regulating screws 'I, as also the pressure rollors A³ against the roller A¹.
And as regards that part of this Invention which relates to varnishing, this:
Invention consists in supplying one of the troughs before 'mentioned with size,
and placing in such trough a roller covered with fine hairs, in order that
said roller, as it revolves, may carry the size to the face of the fabric as it passes:
from the printing roller. Another trough is supplied with varnish, and a
roller covered with finer hairs than that above mentioned revolves, and carries
with it the varnish to the fabric above, from whence it passes finished to be
dried.
- Part Second of the Invention.is contained in Figures 6 and 7, and exhibit
another mode of applying the same, and together are named the cross printer
shader, &c." The rollers A, A1, A³, in Figure 6, are precisely similar in use and
application to those described in the former part, Figure 1. The trough, Figure 7;
is similar in form to the other trough; Figure 4, but of increased diameter;
to fit larger printing rollers, is open at ends of inner circle, having larger color
cells i, i, with `ranges of mouths or delivery slits k, h, k, at suitable distances
along the inner plate, up the sides, as shewn in Figure 7, and dotted in side
view of the trough L, in Figure 6, at h, k, k; the trough L is thus provided

page_text: with the means of delivering a greater number of colors at a greater numbers
of places on the color roller A³. The motion of the trough L in this second
application of my Invention, as indicated by the title "cross printing shader,
&c., is intended to move transversely across the fabric to be printed on in the
direction of the weft or shoot, corresponding with the motion of the shuttle in
weaving; this motion will be given by a small excentric rod at the end of
the shaft, marked M. The trough runs upon four wheels a, a, on rails N, N,
which rails are cranked, as at o, o, at slight angles; the trough, set in motion,
will traverse from end to end of the roller A³, laying the colors in lines
paralel to the axis at starting, will run a short distance paralel to and rubbing
the roller, then down the inclines p, p, and relieve itself from contact with the
roller, which will have moved on the segment of the roller colored by the time
the eccentric has performed its revolution, when the trough will ascend the
inclines p, p, to the horizontal level, and give color to the other segment of
the roller then presented to it, and then falls down the inclines q, q; thus, the
trough will travel from end to end of the color roller A³; throwing in the cross
colors, tints, and shades, which are then taken up by the print roller A¹, and
transferred to the fabric, r, to be printed on, in the same manner as described
in the first part of the Invention.
The third part or application of the Invention is contained in Figures 8 and 9,
and. exhibit the use of the color trough and color roller, before described as
applied to hand-block printing. S, the table; T, the color trough, of form
shewn in Figure 4, supported by brackets u, u; V, the color roller. The
roller V, being placed in the trough T, rests in the bearings w, w, when the
roller will touch the bottom of the trough, the levers y, y, at either end of the
roller will turn it round until sufficient color is taken up by the roller; it is
then applied to the surface of the table S in the direction of the lines z, z, or
in any other direction to suit pattern, leaving thereon the colors for the block
to take up by being pressed thereon by the printer. The trough T is provided
at either end with adjusting screws a, a, to raise or lower the roller when in
the trough, and thereby regulate the quantity or weight of color to be taken
up by the roller.
The fourth part of the Invention is contained in the Figures 10, 11, 12, 13,
14, 15, 16; the various applications of the several parts thereof are connected
with the process or processes herein-before described, and in detail are in
manner following:-
Figures 10 and 11 exhibit another mode of stopping color cells, and also
a means of forcing the color on to the server.
Figure 10 represents a longitudinal section of a color trough as cut through

page_text: at the centre division, along which is arranged a set of screw or spring valves;
the screw stoppers a* are down, and in position to allow the color flowing
to the slits *, and then serving the roller; the stoppers care represented
screwed up so as. to shut off the flow of color to the slits d. The same
process is effected, by means of spring stoppers represented in the same Figure.
e shows the stopper down so as to admit the flow of color; f* shews the
action of the spring in, shutting off the color slit, as before described; the
rod g serves to hold down the cranked ends of the stoppers when in action;
the stoppers have bevilled. top edges to wedge tightly into the color slit in
the trough.
Figure 11 is a transversed section of the trough, shewing the positions-of
the screw, and spring stoppers when in use, as given in. Figure. 10; when the
whole number of spring stoppers are to be lowered at. the same time, a lever is
attached to the upright end of the bar.g*, and placed over the cranked end of
stoppers, and by pressure, the whole are lowered at once, and held. down by
fixing the end of the lever in a hook, at the other upright end of the bar g
this plan is also used. for, alternate. coloring by attaching the bar to an
eccentric, by which motion the plugs.will.force the color up against the server.
The Figures 12 and. 13 exhibit an arrangement for producing alternate
delivery of color to the color roller, to throw color only on one part of the
roller, and two or more colors in the same line. This object is effected by
adjusting a shaft h* immediately under the centre of the color trougli, a range
of cranks, from spring stoppers, are on either side of it; the shaft. or axle
is provided with catches or arms k*, adjusted so as to catch the point of the
cranks, alternately drawing them down as at *, and taking up the other
as at m*; the shaft is actuated in its revolution by the spur wheels N* and
shaft O; by this operation the color will. pass through the slit in cylinder,
and on the arm passing the crank, the springs will throw up the stoppers and
shut off the color, as at * and at m; the opposite action will occur by the
spring taking down the stopper and letting in the color.
Figure 14 represents the means proposed for rendering the color cells
air-tight, to prevent the ready evaporation of varnish or colors. The cells are
provided with slides or covers p*, tightly fitted in dovetailed grooves, to slide
in and out readily in the manner shewn; the trough is thus converted into a
fountain, from whence the matter. will only escape as it is drawn fortli by the
roller or server, or forced by the plugs..
Figures 15 and 16. represent a fountain trough or pot for similar purpose
as last described, applicable to operations by hand; may be made of glass or
other suitable material, and is constructed in manner following:-Q* represents

page_text: a vessel, in sectional elevation, having an outer and inner case-in one formation
or body, closed so that the space formed therein shall be air-tight, leaving
an open space receiver S* in the centre; whence the varnishi, &c., is taken up
by the brush or other instrument; at the bottom of which is a stopper t*, with
bevilled sides ground into a socket; * is an ear, which serves to admit the
point of a lever *, to raise the stopper *, and allow varnish or other matter
to flow out of the air-tight chamber into the open space for use; the stopper
is then pressed down tightly as before;w is a neck for introducing the
varnish or color into the air-tight chamber; this neck is provided with 'a
stopper, fitted and ground in air-tight; when removed, the liquid is passed
into the chamber...
Figure 17 is another form of vessel for similar. uses as the last Figure. f is a
floating stopper pressed up to its collar. by the liquid.; L is a lower stopper in
bottom. of vessel, through which the floating stopper is put in, and also the
fluid for charging the vessel, and securely contains the same. -
The continuation under the last described division or part 4 is contained in
the second Sheet of Drawings, commencing with Figure 1.
a marks a trough of one side only, supported on suitable standards b, b, at
each end, with the color roller A placed therein; C, C, indicate the position of
the color slits in the length of the trough, which give color to the color roller;
when revolved, by turning the handles and axle d, d; e, e, indicate the stripes
of color thus given to the surface of the roller; f, marks a movable plate for the
purpose of partially or totally closing the color slits. In this Figure the color
slits are shewn closed and shut off; it is actuated by the stopper screws 9, 9,
which press the plate home to the present position, as shewn; the milled screw
and rack plate g* at each end withdraws it, so as to regulate the quantity of
color to be given off by the width of the slit; the bar h, h, with cranked ends
inserted into grooves i, i, at each end carries: the stopper screws g, g, forming a
purchase for their action in pressing home the plate f. To return superfluous
color from the roller back to the color cells j, j, a plate k, k, with partitions
therein, to form distinct channels to each cell, is placed an inclined position,
as shewn, by turning the roller on its axis in the direction of the arrow
marked *, the whole surface of roller may be examined and cleared.
Figure 1 exhibits another mode of attaching a color guage to regulate
'an collect overweight of color in the case. of this particular form of trough
and roller; 1, 1, marks a bar, with cranked ends for insertion in groove m at
-each end of standard 6; n, n, indicate a spring plate notched out, as shewn,
to width of the color slits; o, o, indicate screws which, when actuated, press
forward the spring plate m, n, to the face of the roller, and by revolving

page_text: said roller in the direction of the arrow's point at the whole surface may be
partially or wholly cleared of color; the superfluous color collected on the sur-
faces n will fall into the trough p, p, if placed underneath. Figure 2 repre-
sents similar framing for adjusting and gearing for actuating the rollers, as
before described in Figure 1, Sheet 1, of this Invention for printing machinery..
This Figure represents a different modification of this Invention, namely, to.
print from either No. 1, No. 2, or No. 3 roller, leaving different degrees of
strength or body of color upon the fabric, and also in a direct manner from the.
color trough. The Figure No. 1, I name the direct pattern print roller, from.
which stripes or figures, &c., in direct lines can be printed in many colors of
one color to each line direct from the color trough. a marks the color trough;
b, the color slits, corresponding with the width of the fillets on roller, which may.
be varied in width according to the design to be printed, and partitioned off to
match roller, forming a range of cells to hold colors; the cross section may be.
square, curved, or any other shape; the partitions will be from the thinnest
metal sheet upwards, as required. No. 1 is the direct pattern print roller as it
is placed in the color trough, the side views marked Number 1ª, more clearly,
show its construction; c, c, are deep grooves in the roller, which leave fillets
d, d, at suitable distances; these fillets or rings, sink deeply into the trough
pressing against the color slits b, and thus collect the color as required; these
fillets may be formed by cutting grooves out of the solid metals, gutta percha,
or other substance, or by placing on a drum or axle loose plates or rims to
form the required arrangements.
The modes of operating with this arrangement of rollers are as follows:-
If the fabric or material is passed beneath Number 2 roller, it will be
printed upon by Number 1 roller, according to the pattern thereon given by
arrangement of colors or width of the color slits; by this process a very full.
delivery of color is given to the fabric.
Again, Number 2 may be made the printing roller, when necessary, receiving
its color from Number 1 roller, in which case the rings or fillets thereof will
be covered with a suitable substance, vulcanized india-rubber, felt, woollen
cloth, or composition, herein-after described, to pass the color on to Number 2;
this process has the advantage of delivering a less weight of color on the
fabric than in the last described operation, by printing direct from Number 1
roller, and further by forming wide grooves in Number 1 roller, the printing
will be in distinct colors, and with narrów grooves of-one-sixteenth to
one-thirty-second of an inch wide and upwards, the colors will be blended
accordingly; in this mode of operating Number 3 would become the pressure
roller..

page_text: If roller Number 3 is used as a printing roller, it would receive its color
from Number 2, the fillets of which are suitably covered, as before described,
which would be also supplied by Number 1 roller from the trough, the advan-
tage obtained by using this Number 3 roller for printing is, it will receive less
and deliver a smoother layer of color on the fabric than in the last described
operation by printing with Number 2 roller, bearing a similar proportion less
to Number 2, as Number 2 bears to and delivers less than Number 1; in this
operation Number 4 would become the pressure roller. The instructions
given for the blending of colors by wide and narrow grooves, as detailed for
Number 2 roller, are equally applicable in this case.
Figure 3 represents another modification of this Invention, namely, for
printing various colors by the action of two color rollers, Number 1 and
Numver 1, working together for extra shading and tinting by the succes-
sion of the shading color after the distinct tint is taken up by the first roller;
also for working in distinct tints of coloring, and other purposes in such position.
as may be required. Number 1 and 1", represent in Figure 3 the end view
of two grooved rollers working together in their respective color troughs a.
Figure 3, is a plan or horizontal view of the said rollers and troughs, with.
the color cells charged with colors, and an adjustment of grooves and fillets
prepared on the rollers for performing the operation of extra shading and
tinting, which adjustment consists in placing the grooves in one roller opposite
to the fillets in the other roller, which, it will be observed. produces, by adjust-
ment of colors to design, the effect of extra tinting and shading, and the various
combinations will thus become multiform.
The diagram b, b, exhibits a few examples of the effect of many colors
printed at once, and the varities admitted by the study of the design required
to be printed. The operation of printing distinct tints of coloring is performed
by placing the grooved rollers as shewn at C, and charging the color cells
alternately, as shewn, when the operation of printing will produce distinct
unblended or shaded stripes or tints to any extent of variety admissable by the
number of cells in color trough; an example of which is given at d, d, in
exemplification.
Figure 4 and 4* represent another modification of this Invention, and is
named the simple cross-shader tinter, &c., is adjusted in its operation in
precisely similar manner with the foregoing details and parts of this Invention,
as herein-before described; and in such parts and instances wherein a corre-
sponding form or apparatus is exhibited for indicating and performing similar
process or processes, operation or operations, it is governed by and applicable to
similar mechanism and detail throughout. Number 2 is a print roller, placed

page_text: in connection with rollers 3 and 4, agreeing in every respect with the uses and
arrangements described for Figure 2 of this Sheet of Drawings. Number 1,
1, 1, 1°, are a range of rollers, of shape and form as shewn in end view,
Figure 4, to fit truly the cylindrical surface of the roller Number, 2; these
rollers revolve in fixed axes c, c, attached to the sides of the color trough e, and
are grooved, as shewn at a, a, with fillets b, b. The clor trough e is. con-
structed with a segment back to fit the under side of the rollers 1, 1, 1, 1,
and is provided with partitions f. f, which form color cells g, g, to supply the
color rollers, which partitions and color cells have color slits in the segment
back of the trough, and are opposite to the grooves and fillets on the color.
rollers 1, 1, &c.
The trough e is set in motion by an eccentric rod at h, in connection with
suitable motive power, and travels on the trams i, i, and from end to end of the
roller Number 2, falling out of contact with the roller in manner described in:
the second part of my Invention, Figure 6 and 7, and performing the same
operation and uses in all respects; the said trough, thus put in motion across
the frame, gives motion to the rollers 1, 1, 1, 1°, which draw or take up the.
colors from the slits below and transfer them to the roller Number 2 for print-
ing on the fabric k, whilst the slow motion of the said larger roller Number 2.
will serve to blend them according to the design required.
Figure 5 represents another modification and arrangement of this Invention,
applicable to the whole of the foregoing processes herein-before set forth and
explained, and is named the upper coloring process, and consists in reversing
the position of the rollers and placing the color trough above the work or:
substance to be printed, as illustrated by the Drawing 'Figure 5. a, the color.
trough; Number 1, the collor roller; Number 2, the print roller; Number 3, in.
this instance, serves as the pressure roller; b, the fabric. The position of the
printing rollers here explained admits of the same graduating strength of color,.
by shifting the position of the fabric, as fully explained and set forth in.
Figure 2 of this Sheet of the Invention. The construction of the color trough a.
is a little varied in form, and admits of some advantages from its overhand posi-.
tion. c, c, the color cells, exhibit an arrangement of various widths and forms.
of divisions obtainable by this position; d, d, the color slits. Any of the before-
described troughs are, by a little alteration in their construction, made available
for operating in the manner set forth and illustrated by the Drawing Figure 5.
Figure 6 represents an arrangement of belts working in a grooved roller,
through the color trough, to carry the color on to the roller Number 2. Num-
ber 1, color roller; a, color trough; b, b, cells; c, c,.grooves in roller, in which

page_text: the straps d, d, travel; e, e, fillets, which preserve the straps in place.
Number 6 represents an enlarged view of the roller grooves and fillets.
.
Figure 7 represents a range of reserve color cisterns, to provide a constant
supply of color to the color cells in the troughs; they consist of a simple range
of compartments, of any shape or size, to hold a stock of color sufficient for
"the run," placed on one side of the machine or apparatus to be supplied, or
in an adjoining room, loft, or gallery communicating with the color troughs
and cells, by means of pipes or other channels, furnished with taps and valves.
wherever necessary; the cisterns to be placed in such relative elevation, in
reference to the trough, as may be requisite to furnish the supply of color
needed; thus, by elevating the cisterns above the level of the trough, force will
be acquired, and by placing it on a perfect level with the trough the equilibrium
will be effected, and one uniform height of color maintained against the:
rollers, &c. a, a, the cisterns, with slide lids b in air-tight. grooves; c, c, the
pipes leading into the trough d, d. Figure 1 contains the mode of connecting
said pipes with the trough. u, u, the pipes; w, w, stop-cocks to shut off the
supply of color; x, x, are screw bosses inserted and remaining in the side of
trough, to which the pipes are connected when a supply of color is first given
at the commencement of operations.
Figures 8 and 9 represent an apparatus for conveying cut sheets or squares
of paper, card-board, mill-board, or any other substance, through the machine to
be printed. a, a, represent a suitable framing of wood, as shewn in the former
views of the printing apparatus, and 1, 2, 3, 4, are the usual rollers, as before
set forth and explained; b, b, the color trough, which, with the rollers, are
arranged for working by the "upper coloring process," as before described in
relation to Figure 5. c, c, mark a grooved frame attached to the usual framing
of the machinery, in the position shewn. d, d, mark rollers in suitable bearing;
e, e, f, f, mark a series of endless belts, working in slight grooves on the
rollers d, d, the pressure roller Number 4 being midway between them, as
shewn; motion being communicated to the machine by the bevelled wheel g,
derived from the drum wheels h, h, the belts f, f, will travel in the direction
shewn by the arrow's point **, previous to which sheets of paper or cards have
been piled up; as indicated at i, i, upon the belts and against the fixed pannel j.j,
by the rotatory motion of the belts f,f, the sheets forming the piles are drawn one
by one underneath the sliding pannel k, k, to the printer. The sliding pannel k, k,
works loose in a groove in the frame c, c, is suspended by a weight and line m
over a pulley n, and is adjusted in place so as to admit of the opening being no
more than sufficient for the passage of single sheets of card paper, mill-board, &c.,

page_text: which opening is regulated by the thickness of said material to be printed upon.
And to secure the regular passing of the substance to be printed upon to the
printer, one or more of the belts fare furnished with a spring catch p, p,
placed at such distances as may be deemed expedient, which, in its passage,
catches the outer edge of the piece on the bolt and holds it fast until it has
passed the printer or printers, when it falls in contact with a bolt or its roller.
The spring being forced up, opens the catch and relieves the piece. to be
carried off the machine. 9 indicates the "clearer" behind the sliding pannel:
Hinged to the frames is a bevelled flap with felted edge, which, as the "piece"
passes under it, is cleared of any substance resting on its surface, and purifies
the face for the reception of the colors; s, s, indicate the "back barrier," used
to prevent the "pieces" running back off the belts in case of a reversal of the
gear and rollers; it consists of a bevilled panel or block, of the form shewn in
Figure 8, fixed over the belts and attached to the bar t, t. For performing
the operation of "double printing "i.e., on both sides of a "piece". of any
shape or length at one operation, the under-working rollers and trough, as
before set forth, are to be placed and operated upon according to the directions
given. and Figurés exhibited; and the material passed between two print
rollers.
Figure 1, Sheet 3, represents a graining apparatus for imitating certain
woods in colors;. in this case oak is intended to be imitated. a is a pressure
roller, as described throughout the whole of this Invention, having a serpertine
or zig-zag channel b at one end, in which travels a projecting arm c, attached
to the comb d, which is of horn, bone, or metal, the back of which projects
over the frame. The bearers e rests loosely in steps at either end, and
against the bearings e; the teeth f, rest lightly against the roller at a suitable
angle, between which and the roller a the "fabric," wet with color, passes: At
the same time the arm c travels in the zig-zag groove b and gives an oscillating
motion to the comb marking in such form the fabric above. Two combs, as
indicated at g, thus travelling on one or more rollers, give the grain of the
wood, when other rollers are afterwards used to print the extra figure.
Figure 2 is similar to the last Figure in all its details and applications,
having a longer curved groove h. A brush i is used in place of a coomb to
shade the figures of woods printed thereon.
Figure 3 is similar to the last Figure, Number 2, but applied to the upper
coloring process, as before described, reversed in its action, having the upper
color trough to supply the brush with color to form the grain of certain woods
to which the process is adapted.
Figure 4 represents embossing rollers for the purpose of embossing the

page_text: pattern on any substance. A marks the pressure roller, and 6 the grooves
containing the pattern or design indented thereon to match the pattern roller
B, which contains similar grooves and pattern projected therefrom, as at c;
motion being communicated to the roller, the substance to be printed in relief
is passed between the said rollers, when the figures will be indented thereon,
and having passed through the rollers, will have the said figures or patterns
raised or pressed up above the original surface, and thus become embossed
thereon (imitating the natural projection of the figure represented). This
Figure contains other devices of patterns for embossing, to indicate this part of
the Invention, and gives the means of executing every possible variety of form
and design that can be conceived; thus, the rollers may be ribbed transversly
in place of longitudinally, each rib or indent containing deversified patterns;
any number of patterns can be arranged, according to the number of grooves,
or one pattern repeated in every groove. Again, plain rollers, as at D, not
ribbed, may contain longitudinal stripes of the design, or transverse stripes of
ditto, or a generalized design covering the surface.
Figure 5 represents the first of a series of rollers applicable to the prepa-
ration of wood for wood printing, by this means it is intended to print on wood.
of any thickness, from veneer, upwards. The substance in its preparation is
first passed under the roller shown at Figure 5, which is provided with a set of
plates a, having teeth thereon, and of the spiral form shewn; these plates
remove the irregularities on the surface; whence it passes on to the roller,
Figure 6, which is furnished with a similar set of plates b, which have smooth
sharp edges c, by which the face is smoothed and shaven down to a level sur-
face; from thence the fabric passes on to the roller, Figure 7, which roller is
covered with fine glass cloth, which cleans the surface fair and complete for
printing thereon, and is then transferred to the print roller.
Figure 8 represents the first of a series of rollers for the purpose of finishing
off veneers fit for use, by fastening them to thicker wood. In this process the
veneers will be passed over the roller a, Figure 8, as it revolves in its trough b,
which is supplied by pipe c with hot glue, by which the veneer is glued or
hard sized. The board to which it is intended to unite the veneer is passed at
the same time underneath the trough, the two join together as they pass, thence
they run together under roller a, Figure 9, which is a metal roller supplied
through its axle with hot air, steam, or water, by pipe 6; thence the pieces are
passed under the roller a, Figure 10, which roller is supplied through its axle
with cold water, or other cold material, through pipes 6, the process of glueing.
together is then complete, and the piece passes on to be dried, hardened, and
finished.

page_text: Figure 10 represents a hollow polished glass cylinder, to serve size and
varnish, with hot air pipe passing in it at the axle; A, trough; B, glass server;
C, pipe to supply warm air or steam; D, varnish pipe. Figures 11 and 12
represent an apparatus, a mill for the improved grinding of colors or pig:
ments used for the various purposes of colouring fabrics, painting, and general
preparation thereof for every known purpose; Figure 11 is an elevation of the
mill in working order; Figure 12 is a section of same, exhibiting the details
of internal construction. The mill is either fixed and driven by drum wheels
a, a, and belts connected with motive power, or it is made movable on
castors b, b, and worked by hand by the cranked handle c, c; d, d, marks a
framework of iron; e, e, an upright shaft; f,f, a cross axle; 9, 9, its bearings;
h, a bevelled wheel, working into another bevilled wheel i, 'i, on shaft; the
shaft works in centres j, j, in the cross bar k, k; also in the lever 1, 1, at top
of frame.
The implements or grinding apparatus are as follows:-m, m, the upper slab,
on which the pigments are first broken and ground, as hereafter described, having
a bevilled margin or rim, and is sunk out as an inverted cone to a hole in centre;
this slab is fixed and secured to frame by the screws n, n; the under side of
this slab is sunk out as the top side, and is rebated round the edge at o, o, to
receive the lower rim p, p, which is fixed to frame by plates and adjusting
screws q, q; this rim is formed with a rim to fit; the rebate o, o, is sunk out to
an inverted cone to a hole r, r, in centre, as shewn. The upper slab and lower
rim are thus formed and fixed, to admit of the muller s working between
them; the muller s, it will be seen, is formed to fit tlie void, and 'is 'bevilled in
opposite directions to fit the under side of slab m, and upper side of lower
rim p, p, it is fixed to and revolves on the shaft by the keyed bearings t, t ;
u, u, is the rolling muller on its axis, which axis is keyed to shaft at v, and
revolves therewith; w, w, is the breaker, with collar on the shaft, and a joint ;
this breaker is carried round with the shaft by means of arm and rody,
attached to the shaft, and connected to which is a toothed wheel, which
works in the bevilled wheel i, and revolves with said wheel, and in it's action
causes the breaker w, aided by the joint x, 'to' ascend and fall at every revolu-
tion of said bevilled wheel; a* is the clearer, with collar keyed to shaft, and
revolves with it to clear the surface of the slab m. The operation of grinding
is thus performed:-Motion being given to the axle f and shaft e, and the slab
supplied gradually with a proper quantity of color for grinding from the color
shaft ; the breaker wis first in order to be revolved round the shaft, its'
arrow-shaped teeth forming a range of picks or chisels, break the color, if 'in'
lumps, as it falls from the shaft by the combined motion of its revolution"

page_text: round the shaft, and by its chopping motion, derived from the eccentric wheel z
and joint a, as before described; next in rotation the conical rolling muller u
follows and crushes the color, mixing therewith oil or other liquid from the
liquor pipe; the clearer a* then follows, clearing the color from the upper slab
towards the centre hole around the shaft, down which it runs on to the inner
muller or glands.
The muller s being bevilled on all its sides with an inclina-
tion downwards, continues grinding the color on all its sides, giving it an
impetus to descend, which it continues to do until it passes through the last
aperture below, where is a fixed plate d for resting a vessel e* to receive it.
By tightening up the adjusting screws q, and weighting the lever !, the grinding
surfaces of u, m, s, and p, are set closer, and any amount of pressure may be
given to the implements for regulating the fineness or quality required in the
preparation of the color; moreover," it is intended. to use such number of
these parts or implements, as may be required together for any particular
matter, as, for instance, several breakers may be required on some substances,
extra clearers, and rolling mullers, to refine and reduce the colors for particular
purposes and finer printing, therefore the slabs are constructed to fit into each
,other; it is proposed also to construct them at any and every suitable bevil
or angle.
Sheet 4 of this Invention, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4°, represent views
and details of apparatus and machinery for another system of printing, termed
perforated cylinder printing. In Fig. 1, A¹ is a pressure roller; A', the color
roller; A³, an expansion roller; A, liquor trough; and A', its roller.; B, the
pattern cylinder, on which the pattern to be printed is cut through, as shewn
in the several devices delineated thereon; C, the color trough; C, the carriage
of ditto; D, the fabric to be printed on; E, a covered bar, attached to liquor
trough to clean the cylinder. The above arrangement being fixed in suitable
framing, as described and delineated in the former parts of this Invention, the
principles, construction, and application of this said part of the Invention are as
follow-The cylinder B is formed of thin metal or other suitable material,
on which the pattern to be printed is cut through, it is framed at the ends with
hoops ff of thicker metal, which hoops have holes therein fitted to gear with
teeth fixed on the color roller A³, and expansion rollers As, which said rollers,
by their position, save the pattern cylinder from accident by collapse. The
fabric to be printed upon, shewn at D, passes- under pressure roller A¹, and
over the pattern cylinder B, the color roller A² receives color from the trough C,
which is pressed. into the apertures or pattern cut in cylinder B, and by the
tightening of the pressure roller A', is thus clearly printed on the "fabric," the
beauty of the outline and sharpness with which the edges of the patternis.are

page_text: cut will constitute the degree of excellence and clearness of the production:
The liquor trough A, and roller A' within same, revolves against the cylinder B,
cleansing the surface of refuse color; and the bar E wipes the surface dry, pre-
paring it for the operation of printing when again in contact with the "fabric."
Figure 2 represents another modification of this system of "perforated cylin-
der printing;" the parts are the same generally, and have similar letters of refer-
ence as given at Figure 1; the principles and application are also the same, the
arrangement and construction differ only thus:-B represents a travelling belt of
pliable metal, or any other suitable substance, with pattern cut through same,
as before described, the said travelling belt is provided at the ends with a chain
b, b, with holes therein to work into the rollers A, A³, as before described, thus
allowing the said "belt" to pass over rollers arranged as shewn in this Figure,
or in an oval or any other form of circuit. This modification of my Invention,
as thus described and denominated "perforated cylinder printing," effected and
performed in the manner shewn and exhibited in the Drawing and description,
admits of further exemplification, namely, that in order to effect the production
of elaborate designs, wherein many colors, shades, tints, and middle grounds and
heightenings of colors are required, the cylinder process herein exhibited admits
of the various forms required for placing the said varieties of colors in a design.
being cut thereon, so as to print them successively and correctly in the proper
places, so as to produce the most elaborately finished designs, or by repetition of
printing upon or blending of colors to produce chintz patterns; and to effect
such purpose, I arrange the printing cylinders at sufficient distances from each
other so that the fabric shall first take the blot or general outline of a light
color, say blue, next the yellow blot, next the middle tint green, then the
shadow color, and then the deep edging of strong shadow, and finally a clouding
or spotting to delineate parts of foliage or spotted grounds, forming six or
more successive printings, as described in the Figure marked 2; and further,
I expressly wish it to be understood, that this part of my Invention claims
originality chiefly in the mode of printing by perforated cylinders, the
present practice being from engraved cylinders or blocks. Figures 3, 3, 3b;
4, 4, 4, 40, represent a special arrangement and details of trough or color
served for supplying color to any or all of the systems of printing before
described; Figure 3 is a color trough formed with small enclosed cells, having
slots a, a, or channels at the back, against which are to be placed valves, as
seen at b, which said valves are connected by a plug socket c, c, and pipe d, to
a color cistern or reservoir. The valves 6 are connected and held in place
against the cells by bar e and groove f; the flange g, g, in Figure 3*, is the
portion inserted under the bar e and into grove-f; the lower part of the -seg-

page_text: ment plate moves back by a pinion and rack &, and opens the sit for
passing color to the color roller. The Figure 3 shews a detached view of the
valve b. Figure 3 shows the plug socket and pipe of flexible material, such
as india-rubber, or gutta percha, or other suitable substance, which may with
-advantage be used for the purpose: Figure 4 represents an arrangement of
color cells or valves to give à double line of delivery slits; g is the lower color
valve delivering color at h; the lower segment plate i moves back by a pinion
and rack k, and opens the slit for passing color to the color rollers, and for
shutting off and closing the same; 1 represents the upper color valve delivering
color at m, which is opened or closed by the slide valve attached to the shank
n; both these color valves g and are supplied with color by a plug socket and
pipes, as shewn at Figure 4. Figure 4ª is detached front view of the valve l,
shewing the mouth or delivery opening, with the slide valve and shank. Figure
4b is a detached front view of the valve g. Figure 5 represents another
. arrangement of color trough for the purpose of containing a sufficient supply
of color for a "run." The color cells a, a, or wells, in this case, will be made
of any required depth, having a drum wheel 6, 6, at bottom, with bearings fixed
in sides of partitions, around which and the color cylinder c an endless belt,
cord, or thread d is driven; this belt may be of any width required; said belt,
in its course upwards, passes between two small rollers e, e, by pressure against
which the weight or quantity of color is guaged or regulated; it passes thence
over the color roller and descends the trough, passing the small roller f, f; the
cells being filled with color a continuous stream will be thus carried over the
color roller by two such troughs, with these belts working together the whole
line of color roller will be supplied. The color trough and wells may be con-
structed in one piece partitioned off or by separate vessels, the size of each cell
or parts thereof to be lashed together or fixed at required intervals.
Figures 6 and 7 represent another modification of the details of my Inven-
tion, for the purpose of giving extra coloring by means of segments or portions
of cylinders forming the color rollers, in place of entire cylindrical color rollers,
as before described; A represents the print roller; B, the segment color rollers,
revolving in the color trough c, c; D represents the segment roller clear and
distinct from the troughs.
The process consists in working said segments for the purpose only of
colouring a portion of the surface, as may be required, to suit the design to be
printed, or conveying thereto two or more colors in the same line; the segment
rollers B may be a half, third, or fourth part of the periphery of the circle, or
any other division, as required in practice, and by running said segment in two
separate troughs, as shewn in Figure 6, the colors are conveyed to the print

page_text: roller or to the color roller and thence to the print rollers; as set forth in the
former part of my Invention, and fully described and illustrated in Figures 2
and 3, Sheet 2 of this Invention, also to carry out the theory and practice in the
general principles of this Invention wherever required. Fig. 7 represents seg-
ment rollers as applied to this process, such segments being a third part of the
periphery of the circle, and a trio of such rollers being applied to the opera-
tion in this case intended to be performed. A, the print roller; B, the segment'
rollers in their troughs C, C; D, a segment shown clear and distinct from the
trough. I purpose to construct the segment color rollers herein described in
one piece solely, or in parts made up or hollow, plain on their surfaces or ribbed,
or otherwise formed to meet circumstances and requirements.
Figures 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 represent a modification and arrangement of this
Invention, named the " poppet or pin colourer," which said apparatus is a
means of supplying a number of colors in dots, or in combinations of dots, in
various designs, forms, or groups, according to the pattern to be printed. A, A,
indicate the print rollers throughout the whole of the Figures; B, B, the color
trough in like manner, said trough is similar in construction to the before-
described troughs in the several foregoing parts of this Invention, being fur-
nished in this instance with ranges of poppets working in the color cells, and,
passing through the bottom plate, are fastened to a bar or bars passing under-
neath, which bar extends over a cranked lever at either end; the cranked lever
works in collars up the. end of trough, to be actuated in manner following :—*
Figure 8 represents the color trough carried by two eccentric rods c, c, sup-
ported by the cross axle d, d, by which eccentric motion the trough is carried
up to the roller, when the crank lever e, Figure 11, is forced against a bar f,"
which being raised thereby, presses the bar g, to which the poppets are
attached, upwards, until the poppets are lifted out of the cells against the color.
rollers, leaving their color therein, and thence receding into their cells, are
charged for the repeat.
In Figure 9 the trough is worked by an eccentric a, attached to the axle of
the roller A, by which process only one side of the roller will receive the color.
In Figure 10 the trough is fixed; the roller has a notched edge, which will be
shaped for any required purpose, in revolving round the crank, which is in con-
tact therewith, will successively continue to rise and fall, causing the poppets
to fall in contact with the roller A at every undulation of the notched or fluted
edge h, giving color to the roller when in contact therewith.
Figure 11 is a section illustrative of the parts herein referred to, shewing the
cranked lever as it acts on the poppet bar.

page_text: Figure 12 represents a top view of the color trough B, showing the poppet
valves.
"
a, a,
Figures 13, 14, 15, 16 represent another form or adaptation of the poppet
or pin coloring machinery, obtained by an horizontal arrangement.
represents the "fabric," or substance to be printed upon, passing under-
and against a bed 6 and over rollers c, c, at each end; under the bed b is placed
a trough or troughs d, d, partitioned off in a variety of forms, as shewn in
Figures 15 and 16, or otherwise arranged as at Figure 14; this trough is pro-
vided with small shafts e, e, at suitable distances, which, passing through the
bottom, are fixed in a frame or bed below, marked f, f; g, g; are springs which
support the trough in its position shewn at the four angles; when two
troughs are used in place of one of the length shewn they will-be supported
at the four angles, as indicated by blue lines h, h. The dotted line at bottom
of trough d represents a double bottom, forming a chamber for packing the
shafts to prevent leakage or color from the trough. The cells in trough
are supplied with a continual run of color by pipes attached to the bottom
of the trough. i, i, are rails, which carry the apparatus herein described
attached to suitable framing and gearing connected with motive power, as
before described and delineated in former part of this Invention: Attached
to the rail i is a lever or levers k, k, extending to the under side of the
bed ff, below the trough or troughs; the other end of said levers is turned up
above the lower disc of the cloth roller c, which said roller has a pin or catch at 1,
projecting therefrom, which said pin at every revolution of the roller c will force
back the ends of the levers that appear above the disc of the roller, which,
acting upon the fulcrum at m, will raise the ends of the levers under the bed f,
or shaft bearer, by which operation the shafts e, e, with their pins or poppets,
are thrown out of the trough against the "fabric," or substance above, thereby
marking or printing the same with their color. The shafts will be furnished
with moveable pins or poppets of any shape required, arranged in an infinite
series of forms or devices, as partly illustrated in Figures 14, 15, 16; the
poppets are arranged by the printer to agree with the design to be printed.
And thus, in this case also, as well as in the foregoing parts of this my said
Invention, all designs falling under this modification of my Invention, named
the "poppet or pin coloring process," are printed without cut blocks, or
engraved plates, or engraved cylinders.
Figure 17 represents an apparatus for performing certain portions of the
process or processes of printing on various "fabrics, ". herein named and
set forth, called "the color shuttle," which consists of a travelling, trough
or frame a, of form as shewn, with one or more ranges of color rollers b

page_text: plain, ribbed, or otherwise figured; running on grooved wheels over a bar
road c, c, which carries each end of the color. trough a; the color trough
contains. cells divided throughout, in manner as fully shewn and described
in the several former parts of this Specification; the color cells are provided
with color from time to time by pipes or tubes. The color shuttle is drawn
from end to end of the bars c, c, by means of a cord, belt, or chain d,
working in connexion with an axle travelling in a double circular slot and
double acting spur wheel, as shewn, which, coupling with the other large and
small wheels, will give to the shuttle.a swift. oscillating motion, carrying it at
each revolution from end to end of the color trough, and printing the fabric or
substance as it passes a bed placed directly above in the machine.
Figure 18 represents pronged or pointed "servers or color rollers." M repre-
sent, pins of any size required stuck into a cylinder; N are pins fastened into a
collar to be placed on an axle; the pins being moveable may be put in as
required..
Sheet 5, Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 relate to an apparatus for forcing and
regulating the supply of the color or other matter from the color cisterns.
into the cells of the color troughs, which, by reason of its density and other
causes, will require an impetus to maintain a regular supply for feeding the
works of large printing establishments.
Figure 1 is a combined, representation of this said forcing apparatus,
numbered from 1 to 5. No. 1 in Figure 1 is a simple tube, cylindrical or
other form, of any. required section, having a weight w fitted easily to the
inside,, suspended by a rod which passes through. the lid to an upper weight w
,above, as shewn; the 'tube, which in this case is the cistern, terminates in a
funnel shape at: bottom, attached. therėto is a union valve to join the feed pipe.
To charge the cistern; the weight and lid is drawn of, the colouring or other
matter put in, and the weight, replaced, will maintain a continuous pressure on
the fluid until the whole is driven into the cells, and the weight has descended
to the bottom of the cistern.
No. 2, Figure 1, is. a tubular cistern, as above described attached to the side
(of, a cylinder A, which has an opening at B, to receive the color therefrom; a
piston. O, fitted with 'air valves acting by a spiral or ring spring, works in the
cylinder to force the colouring matter through the conical aperture.at bottom
into the pipes, and onward to the "trough;" the necking at P is for inserting
the pipe into the stand provided to receive it, to which it is screwed by the tap
9,.,which forms the nut, which also. regulates the supply. Two of these forcing
cylinders are shewn side by side, for. the convenience of working by one cross
head A, which may be extended to any length either way, to take a range of
0

page_text: pistons, as illustrated in Figure 3, named No. 2 motion, where R is a shaft
fixed at X on a rail, on which moves S, a frame guided by eyes in the cross bars.
T is the connecting rod, worked by an eccentric stud in the chain wheel U,
by shifting which stud in its groove the length of stroke can be regulated. V
represents the semicircular coupling chain, by which motion is communicated,
derived from motive power.
No. 3 in Figure 1 is a rotary forcing apparatus, and has the tubular cistern
and a cylinder similar to No. 2, with a rotary action for forcing, consisting of
a shaft and crank, as shewn, resting on a cross bar footstep. Over the conical
valve against D, and within the piston, is the force, being a round piece of
metal filling in circumference the cylinder, of form shewn at Figure 2, below,
eut through at the cross marks at an angle to the perpendicular as at 3 and 4,
thus.
the points of said incisions are turned, one up, the other
down, to open the aperture sufficient to pass as much coloring matter as is
required to supply the run of work to be performed; the angular cuts inserted
in the plug valve or force may be from one to any greater number required to
increase the force of the supply, and the angle made greater or less to suit the
density or fluidity of the coloring matter; this force will also draw up, when
.required, by reversing the motion. No. 4 is similar to the last, but in place of
the cut circular flange at bottom against F, within the piston is a spiral force
of flat metal (as shewn at k in No. 4), wound up the shaft above the aperture,
for passing the color, and of sufficient diameter to fill the cylinder, which
spiral force is made in one or more pieces, as required or found requisite to
regulate the flow of the coloring matter. No. 5 represents ("plug force"), or
another form of force, being in its construction a plug with a color tube,
cylinder, crank shaft, and footstep, as in the last case, for forcing the color by
a plug within the cylinder on a shaft against H by means of spiral grooves
around its circumference, the shape and grooves are represented at L below.
The several rotary forces described above are. to be worked by a pair of bevil
wheels and chain wheels, as shewn in Figure 2, No. 1, and moreover the hori-
zontal wheel has an eccentric stud, on which is a connecting bar, on which are
inserted the studs of as many cranks as are intended to be worked, and any
number of connecting bars may be connected by cross bars forming a frame,
to be moved together by the same wheels and chain. Under circumstances, it
will be desirable to substitute bevil gearing on a shaft or shaft, and cranks for
the chain wheel, as shewn.
Figure 4 represents the means of increasing the weight on the color (forcers
or pressers), being a connecting bar, to which they are fixed weighted at the
ends. For this purpose of filling the color cisterns in a more cleanly manner,

page_text: a second tube is inserted within the outer one, as indicated by dotted lines, to
slide within it to load or charge the cistern, the inner tube is taken out and
filled from the bottom end, which is open when it is again inserted within the
cistern.
Figure 5 represents a circular printing machine, the construction of which
differs from and is an improvement on all the former parts of this Invention,
as set forth in the foregoing Drawings and descriptions; the diagram repre-
sented by this Figure shews the adaptation of the before described "color
troughs," and that of the color cisterns, forces, &c., and printing rollers, to the
surface of a large cylinder or drum, whereby great advantage is gained, namely,
the reduction of the size of the color trough to a small segment of a small circle,
that is to say, from half an inch in diameter upwards, according to the size of the
machine to which it is to be attached, and therefore to reduce the dimensions
and magnitude of the machinery and buildings much below the ordinary sizes;
this diagram also shews the method of increasing the number of printing rollers
around the drum or central pressure cylinder, as drawn to a scale of one and
half inches to the foot, gives a cylinder two feet in diameter, with eleven
printing cylinders, leaving room to increase the number by removing the
servers that are placed between them. A is the central carrier cylinder or
drum, on which the material travels in the process of printing; B, B, is the
range of printing cylinders; c, c, the range of direct servers; on the left side are
another range, termed extra sewers, marked d, which double range is
preferable in surface and other similar printing processes for modifying the
strength of color given to the "fabric;" the sections of a circle commencing
with E, E, represent the troughs without their bearings; at one edge of the
trough is an angle thus to represent the color scraper, which is regulated
by a screw at each end, as shewn at large in the former part of this Invention.
The servers are segments of circles for alternate coloring, as before described,
furnished with alternating "doctors," denoted by red marks over them; against
the cylinder, which said "doctor" and its mode of action is hereafter described.
The inner red marks F, F, indicate the ordinary lint doctors, as in general use;
the arrows denote the traverse of the fabric or material to be-printed on ; the
blue lines radiating from the color troughs E, E, shew the course of the supply
pipes for delivering color to, and the red lines indicate the overflow plates
from the color troughs.
Figure 6 is an inside view of one end, and represents the improved stand or
bearings in connection with Figure 5, wherein the increased number of
cylinders, servers, &c. &c., are to take bearing to..perform their work. A is
the step or bearing of the central cylinder or plummer, fast to a screw above,

page_text: for elevating and lowering it. B, B, is the range of steps for the printing
cylinders, with screws and bearings to set them against the drum cylinder;
c, c, are grooves between the last-mentioned steps, in which slide the bearings
of troughs and the steps of servers; these grooves are provided with moveable
nuts at outer ends, with set screws to adjust and force up the servers to their
respective print rollers.
Figure 7 represents a full size end view of the color. trough, as used in the
construction of the two last Figures, Nos. 5 and 6, with segment servers,
alternating doctors, &c. R is the printing cylinder'; G, the segment "server,"
which continues plain or ribbed throughout the length of the trough; His a
metal segment
on the same axle, placed at either end, to work the doctor K,
which is inserted in the eye of the lever holder T, held fast by the set screw S;
the holder centres on a stud at U, which is also its fulcrum; the bossed end V
being acted on by H, presses the doctor firm against the cylinder during the
operation of coloring, by the segment G cleaning off the surplus color; which
operation finished, I has passed out of contact, whilst the server passing into
the trough gathers its face of color for next operation. W is the trough; L, the
color scraper, resting over its edge, worked by a set screw X in the trough,
having a ring spring on the neck to steady the pressure; M is the screw
nozzle, with pipe for gutta percha tubing. N is the union nut, with tubing
inserted ready to screw on, through which the coloring matter is forced against
the server; P is an oval wheel to be fixed to a stud opposite the end of the
"doctor," by setting which in motion a longitudinal action is also given to
the "doctor" when in contact with the cylinder; 1 is the "doctor," which,
when used to clear off several colors, will have their partitions at the required
distances fixed to it, as shewn at the near end at Z; O is a thin piece of metal
fixed to the off edge of trough, to carry away any coloring matter that may by
accident overflow or escape.
Sheet 6, Figure 1, represents two single cylinder printing machines, so
constructed as to be used singly or joined at the sides opposite each other,
forming a double or two-cylinder machine; and further, as Figure 1 is an
upper printer, and Figure 2 an under printer, that is, printing from below, two
sides of any material may be printed at once to perfect "register," or two
of either machine placed together, when only one side requires printing.
Figure 1 is a frame, containing A, the printing cylinder, B, C, d, "servers," as
before described, serving the color over by B; d is in the color trough, with
its scraper regulated at its work by a set screw below it; E is the pressure
roller, resting in its steps on a spiral spring in socket, which is tightened by a
.screw below; K is a standfast to the machine, with a groove up each side, as

page_text: denoted by the dotted line, in which groove slides a pannel with bevilled
bottom edge, balanced by a lever m, weighted at W, the other end of which
passes through a slot in pannel under a pulley wheel; J is a movable side
guard, past which is seen its fellow,; these having flanged bottoms with slots in
ditto, as at K, beld down to the bed or table by bolts with nut heads, in which
are screws S, to move the guards to the size of the material to be printed';
inside the guards are flanges, marked by dotted lines, fixed on centres, having
quadrants with slots to fasten by set screws, by which they are moved to any
width or angle in the compartment thus formed.
Cards, envelopes, or other pieces of cut material may be piled for printing.
The bed is cut through at the centre with a slot about an inch, through which
passes a catch with friction pad in front, as shewn at (o), the said friction pad is
covered with a composition hereafter described; catches of this sort are fixed at
required distances on a chain shewn at P, and are pressed to their work by a
spiral spring or chain pin, as marked in sketch; this chain travels on toothed
wheels set at either end of the slot in bed, as marked on cross stay H, and indi-
cated by dotted circles F, G. When at work the clip is pressed up by a stud in
the axle of its front wheel, to 'catch the bed, the horns of which catch ride on
either edge of the slot, sweeping before it the piece of material that rests on the
table bed, whilst the friction pad, by touching the same, prevents its slipping
back; it is thus carried between the two rollers A, E, the catch leaves it, being
forced off by its spring; at the end of the bed, at F, is a screw working against
the steps to set the height of chain and catch.
The arrows denote the traverse of the material when lengths are being printed.
n represents a connecting shaft with bevilled wheels, to couple the cylinders
when the two are used as one machine; T represents a chain with semi-
circular links, to work on toothed wheels, as another mode of coupling. The
ascending line at u marks the place of color pipes connected with cisterns,
which, in some cases, are to be fixed in a bracket stand marked y, fastened to the
frame by nuts at V.
Figure 2 has the cylinder A, serves B, C, with trough; &c., pressure rollers
E, as described in Figure 1, but the color is served from below; in front is L, L,
grooved stiles, in which is worked a table k by chain and wheels m, m, weighted
at W, W, the sheets of paper or other material to be printed is piled
thereon, and pressed up by the weights to the felted friction roller J,
worked by a chain wheel N, which gradually rolls the upper sheet for-
ward over the barrier H, when it is caught by the belt bobbins 9, 9, which
are pressed close by oval wheels F, F, worked against their moveable steps
by toothed wheels in gear with the adjoining roller wheels; the belts carry

page_text: it between the cylinder and pressure roller, where it is printed on one side;
and when the machines are coupled, it passes on by same belts to be printed
on the other side. The machines are also applicable for printing a pattern in
colors as in the manner of a two-cylinder machine.
Figure 3 represents a machine for performing the operation of lithographic,
fabergraphic, threadgraphic, and verergraphic printing by an entirely new
mode, that is to say, by a stone cylinder, and also by a travelling cloth or band,
on which is the drawing to be printed from. A is the stone cylinder; B, C, the
color servers, with trough, &c., before described; d is a water server, being a hair
or felted roller revolving in a trough supplied with water through a pipe at end,
(set close) by a screw below; Eis.the pressure roller, the arrows above denote
the traverse of the material when great lengths are to be printed; G is the
table, whence cut pieces are to be served; F, F, are the bobbins and belts
before described, to pass them through; J, J, are the color forces, to work
horizontally, with their cisterns marked 0, 0, 0, the range of pistons are shewn
at L, L; K, K, are bracket supports for color forces, table, and bobbins; fast to
frame p, p, p, p, are screws to set the servers, &c., into gear, the circular lines
of rollers serve to shew the place of toothed wheels gearing into each other;
H, at bottom, is a roller working in a water trough, as described above, around
which a cloth travels, as described by the arrows, the water is carried round
the roller d, and supplies the stone roller, in which case the trough at d will be
removed. When subjects of great length are to be printed, a belt of linen,
cotton, or silk closely woven, and also leather, is to be used, passing over A, on
which the subject will be drawn, the cloth, served with water at H, will pass
against the color server and print, as does the stone cylinder.
It is proper to explain, firstly, what I mean by naming this part of my said
Invention fabergraphy, that is, printing from a belt or band of cotton, linen,
silk, or leather, or from a block covered therewith; and also, secondly, by
another process, named threadgraphy, by which second process, after the design
is executed on a belt, band, or block, as above, the lines will be threaded, that
is, stitched or sewn in forming a projection by the threads of the whole design,
forming a more durable pattern to print from; and virergraphy consists in
threading or lacing in the design with wire of suitable thickness, and also in
stabbing it through with projecting points, thus 11; and for the more
perfectly carrying out this part of my said Invention, in the practice of making
the color belts and bands, and covering the rollers, ribs, &c., which, for this
process, require to be adjusted to the greatest nicety, the endless belts or bands
must be joined or jointed in a manner, if possible, imperceptibly, for which pur-
pose they will be made of several layers of material, whether of woollen, cotton,

page_text: linen, or other substances, and to put together such materials, the following
composition, invented for the purpose, will be used.
For coloring matter insoluble in water, the anti-damp composition is com-
posed of oil, resin, or resinous gum and gutta percha, made the consistency
required by more or less of each, or oil, pitch, or asphalte and gutta percha.
For oil or spirit colouring matters, the anti-oil composition of glue and
treacle is applied to cotton, linen, hemp, yarn, or other fabricated belts, as now
for the first time applied by my said Invention. I also use a metal varnish for
varnishing the troughs, sealing the joints and connections of pipes composed of
mineral naptha, resin, or resinous gums and gutta percha.
Figure 4 represents the first figure of a series illustrative of my Invention
for printing by moveable types on cylinders or axles. This Figure represents
the end view of the axles, Figures 8 and 9, with the mode of fixing the type.
A is the axle; B, B, the circular plate or bed of the type; V, a ring key to
fasten them together round the axle ; C represents the type made to the form
of the circle required, with the key running through them, to receive which
key one side of the type has a square notch, as at g, in lieu of the circular.
ones now used, to "set up;" the type will be laid on the collar m, Figure 9,
which is keyed to the axle, and continued along, setting up layer on layer, with
their ring keys inserted, until complete, when the collar, Figure 8, will be
screwed down by the nut N; H, H, are margin bars, with passage for ring
keys. Figure 5 is the edge view of a thin plate, with ring key fast to it, to be
used in some cases in lieu of the loose ring key; A is the axle; B, B, the bed
plate for type; V, V, the fast ring key.
Figure 6 represents another mode of fastening the type. F is the axle;
D is a circular plate, with cross arms and collar to fit axle. On D is a flange
at L (Figure 7), through which any number of taper keys are fastened by nuts,
as at P, P. Opposite the cross arms are "fast keys," as at O. Figure 7 is
the edge view of this plate D. L, L, is the type bed, flange, and nuts; E, E,
cross arms. Figure 10 represents a new type table for ornamental printing.
As all artistic productions and natural forms are made up of segments of
circles, angles, and straight lines, this table illustrates the mode of applying
the same by moveable type to printing purposes in horizontal forms or cylin-
drical forms, as described in Figures 4 to 9. The table, Figure. 10, consists
of circles from one-sixteenth diameter upwards, to be extended, when requisite,
as shewn by the larger circles at No. 4 square. No. 1 is divided into squares
of one-eighth, to be reduced, when required. These represent the body of the
type, in which state they will serve for some kinds of printing. The circular
lines denote the second mode, of ornamenting the faces. The angle and circu-

page_text: lar lines at square No. 2 denote the third mode of ornamenting the surfaces.
No. 3 square denotes the fourth mode of ornamenting; No. 4 shews the
greater circles intersecting the lesser; the serpentine line, at No. 5, illustrates
the mode of putting the type together for ornamental purposes. By this plan
almost any pattern may be set up in an horizontal form or on an axle, thereby
inaking up a cylinder without engraving or cutting. The type will be cast or
cut to the pattern in a lathe or planing machine. By using hardened steel, a
pattern can be engraved by them. The lines marked in table will be "cut in "
to make up engravings, but left prominent by cutting away the sides of surface
work. Figure 11 represents square and angle type, classed and numbered to
guide the printer. No. 1 square, and No. 2, No. 3, and so on, as required,
will have the number of divisions on the face denoted by the number. No. 2
square; Nos. 1, 2, 3, &c., will be crossed with like numbers,.and be denoted
2:1-2.2-2:3, &c. Those of No. 3 will be denoted 1x, 2x, 3x, and so on;
also 1.0 2.0-3.0, and so on. No. 4 square is numbered both sides, to denote
the relation the angles bear to the plane or horizontal line of the type, and will
be denoted I H I, and so on, I V. I, and so on.. The circular table,
Figure 10, will be numbered from the centre, 1st circle, I K; 2nd circle,
1 C, and so on. Letters of reference for general use may be understood
thus for horizontal, V for vertical, C for circle, R for right, L for left, &c.
Figure 12 represents a "wheel dealer " B, with catches on cross arms, with
springs under the tail end. As the catch comes to the point of contact at C, the
point of the catch is pressed up and stopped by the spring, pushes the material
forward to A, E, the print and pressure rollers, which pass it-through finished
and printed. It will be proper to observe, by the term "color roller " made use
of or implied throughout this Specification, I wish it to be understood to
imply the "server," a term generally understood in the trade.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I would wish it particularly to be understood
that although I have by the foregoing description fully set forth the details
and particulars of this Invention, I reserve to myself such immaterial varie-
tions of form and construction of the parts as practice may suggest; and that
I do not confine myself to the precise details set forth in this my Specification
and Drawings, so long as the peculiar character and principles of either part
of my Invention be retained.
But what I claim is, first, the new and peculiar arrangement and construc-
tion of the color troughs or "servers" under all modifications, and with all
the various applicances and mechanism therewith combined, as shewn, set forth,
-described, and delineated in this my Specification and Drawings, together with the

page_text: application of the same in the process of printing, coloring, shading, tinting, &c.,
on woollen, cotton, and other fabrics, and substances, by means of the tiers of
rollers A', A2, A3; the operation and manipulation thereof being fully set forth
under various forms; modifications, changes, and processes throughout the
whole of this my.Specification and Drawings, and the principles and applica-
tion thereof.
. I claim, under all and every change of circumstances whatsoever, as given
and explained in the first part of this my Specification and Drawings illustra-
tive thereof.
Secondly, the application of the various mechanisms and appliances herein
set forth for the purpose of cross printing, shading, tinting, &c., as described in
the second part of this my said Invention and Drawings illustrative thereof.
Thirdly, the application of the various mechanism and appliances therein
set forth in the third part or application of my Invention, as applied to hand
block printing, as described in Specification and Drawings illustrative thereof.
Fourthly, the various applications of the several mechanical parts of my
said Invention as connected with the process or processes described in the first,
second, and third parts of this my said Invention, and contained in the fourth
part of this my said Specification, and in Drawings illustrative thercof,
namely, in Figures 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17, Sheet 1, and
Figures 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and. 9, in Sheet 2; and in Sheet 3,
as contained in Figures 1, 2, and 3, 5, 6, and 7, as relating to the preparation
of woods for printing upon, and imitations in graining of certain woods in
colors. Figure 4, as for embossing patterns in various substances. Figures 8,
9, 10, and 10, as relating to gleuing up veneers of valuable woods to thick-
nesses of inferior quality, and varnishing by glass cylinders; and Figures 11
and 12, as an apparatus or mill for improving the process of grinding colors or
pigments; and in Sheet 4, Figures 1, 2, and 2ª, as apparatus and machinery,
termed perforated cylinder printing; and Figures 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 6,
and 7, as mechanical appliances generally to the various processes described
throughout this Invention; and Figures 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 18,
as relating to the process of pin coloring; and Figure 17, as a color shuttle;
and in Sheet 5, Figure 1, 2, 3, 4, as mechanism applicable to the forcing of
color from the cisterns to the color trough or servers; Figures 5, 6, 7, as
machinery for combining former portions of this Invention, with the means of
reducing the usual bulk and dimensions of printing machinery, and buildings
for containing same, much below the ordinary sizes; and in Sheet 6, Figures 1
and 2, as machinery applicable to single or double cylinder printing, and as
upper and under printing, and for printing two sides of any material at once,