Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Oct., 1837
Complete Left, 31st Mar., 1888
Complete Accepted, 18th May, 1888
1, GEORGE FREDERICK NEWMAN of the firm of William Newman and Sons, of
Hospital Street, Birmingham in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
This invention relates to that class of door springs and checks, in which com-
pressed air is employed to cushion a piston, working within a barrel or cylinder, and
by which means, the closing of a door is controlled.
The door spring and check, consists of a cylinder or barrel, enclosed by end caps,
and having working to and fro within it, a piston, whose piston rod, passes through a
hole, in the middle of the rear cap or casing of the said barrel.
The piston rod, carries at its outer end, a circular bossed disc, having an axial
hole directed transversely through its middle; and wherein, or through which, an
axial pin, or centre, carried at the inner end of an obliquely disposed liuk, passes.
The other, and outer end of the link, is jointedly connected to a cranked or angle
part of a single arm, which runs in front of, and parallel to the longer direction of
the barrel; that is, the arm extends beyond the ends of the cylinder, and with the
rear part cranked, or directed inwards, and with the extreme inner end of the said
cranked part, jointedly connected to the extreme inner end of an attachment bracket
or plate, which comes more inwardly than the inner side of the barrel, and is
connected to, or made in one piece with the rear cap.
The outer connection of the link, is jointedly connected to an inwardly directed
swell part, at, or near the junction of the cranked part, with the straight part of the
arm.
The inner end of the link, is made to partially surround, crescent like, the circular
bossed connection end of the piston rod.
Between the inner side end of the cylinder, at the back of the piston, and
surrounding the piston rod between the said two points, a coil spring is disposed.
The inner end of the long part of the arm, has jointedly connected to it, a link,
whose other end is also jointedly connected, to a standing out bracket or attachment

page_text: plate, carried by and secured to the door. This bracket consists essentially of a pillar,
with a screwed hole in its outer part, through which a screw, which forms the joint
and connection, passes.
The attachment parts of the apparatus carried by the caps, are secured by screws
to the transom of a door framing, while the bracket as aforesaid, which is attached
by a link to the inner end of the arm, is carried by the door.
On the opening of a door, the arm is made to perform an angular movement, and
the crank part thereof, made to travel outwardly, which draws the piston through
the intervention of the piston rod, whose connection is made by a parallel motion
link.
The appliance is interchangeable, so as to be fitted, to either side of a door.
The check barrel is provided with inlet and outlet valve passages.
The apparatus, can be used as a check only, by leaving out the spring from the
barrel.
Instead of the end of the piston rod being connected to the cranked part of the
arm, by a link, it may be connected directly thereto, by a joint pin. In this form,
the front underside of the barrel, is jointed to its attachment plate; so that on the
opening of a door, the barrel moves upon its hinge joint.
A modification of the said door spring and check, consists of a cylinder, piston
spring, and piston rod, which latter passes through the inner end cap, and with its
end jointedly connected to a bracket, secured to the transom of the frame of a
door.
The cylinder when in its normal condition, or when the door is closed, is directed
outwardly, and with its inner underside, or inner cap, pivoted (to work horizontally)
to a link, whose inner end is jointed and connected to the first named bracket, on the
transom as aforesaid.
The outer end of the said link, is jointedly connected to the outer end of a
secondary link, whose inner end, is jointed or swivelly connected to a bracket carried
by the door. Thus, the cylinder of the door spring and check, which stands out-
wardly, or nearly at right angles to the door, is pivoted to a link of a pair of links,
whose inner ends, are jointedly connected to a door frame, and door respectively;
while the piston rod end is jointedly connected to the door framing aforesaid.
By thus constructing and arranging the parts of door springs and checks, or door
checks alone, as described, a direct action is obtained, with an extremely limited
piston and piston rod movement, which admits of the cylinder being greatly reduced
in length, with a corresponding reduction in length of the spring.
The connection of the links, is made adjustable, by the end of the joint, passing
into one or other of a series of holes.
Dated thin Thevante sonond dorr of October 1887

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Door Springs and Checks.
I GEORGE FREDERICK NEWMAN of the firm of William Newman and Sons of
Hospital Street Birmingham in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to that class of door springs and checks, in which compressed
air is employed to cushion a piston, working within a barrel or cylinder, and by which
means, the closing of a door, is controlled."
The door spring and check, consists of a cylinder or barrel, enclosed by end caps,
and having working to and fro within it, a piston, whose piston rod, passes through a
hole, in the middle of the rear cap or casing of the said barrel.
The piston rod, carries at its outer end, a circular bossed disc, having an axial hole
directed transversely through its middle, and wherein, or through which, an axial pin
or centre, carried at the inner end of an obliquely disposed link, passes.
The other, and outer end of the link, is jointedly connected to a cranked or angle
part of a single arm, which runs in front of, and parallel to, the longer direction of the
barrel; that is, the arm extends beyond the ends of the cylinder, and with the rear
part cranked, or directed inwards, and with the extreme inner end of the said cranked
part, jointedly connected to, the extreme inner end of an attachment bracket or plate,
which comes more inwardly, than the inner side of the barrel, and is connected to, or
made in one piece with the rear cap.
The outer connection of the link, is jointedly connected to an inwardly directed
swell part, at or near the junction of the cranked part, with the straight part of the
arin.
The inner end of the link, is made to partially surround crescent like, the circular
bossed connection end of the piston rod.
Between the inner inside end of the cylinder at the back of the piston, and
surrounding the piston rod between the said two points, a coiled spring is
disposed.
The inner end of the long part of the arm, has jointedly connected to it, a link,
whose other end is also jointedly connected to a standing out bracket or attachment
plate, carried by, and secured to the door. This bracket consists essentially of a
pillar, with a screwed hole in its outer part, through which a screw, which forms the
joint and connection, passes.
The attachment parts of the apparatus carried by the caps, are secured by screws
to the transom of a door framing, while the bracket as aforesaid, which is attached
by a link to the inner end of the arm, is carried by the door.
On the opening of a door, the arm is made to perform an angular movement,
and the crank part thereof, made to travel outwardly, which draws the piston,
through the intervention of the piston rod, whose connection is made by a parallel
motion link.

page_text: The appliance is interchangeable, so as to be fitted, to either side of a door.
The check barrel, is provided with inlet and outlet valve passages.
The apparatus can be used as a check only, by leaving out the spring from the
barrel.
Instead of the end of the piston rod, being connected to the cranked part of
the arm, by a link, it may be connected directly thereto, by a joint pin. In this
form, the front underside of the barrel, is jointed to its attachment plate; so
that on the opening of a door, the barrel moves upon its hinge joint.
A modification of the said door spring and check, consists of a cylinder, piston,
spring and piston rod, which latter passes through the inner end cap, and with
its end jointedly connected to a bracket, secured to the transom, of the frame of
a door.
The cylinder, when in its normal position, or when the door is closed, is directed
outwardly, and with its inner underside, or inner cap, pivoted (to work horizontally)
to a link, whose inner end is jointed and connected to the first named bracket, on the
transom as aforesaid.
The outer end of the said link, is jointedly connected to the outer end of a secondary
link, whose inner end, is jointed or swivelly connected to a bracket, carried by the
door. Thus, the cylinder of the door spring and check, which stands outwardly, or
nearly at right angles to the door, is pivoted to a link of a pair of links, whose inner
ends are jointedly connected to a door frame, and door respectively; while the piston
rod end is jointedly connected to the door framing aforesaid.
By thus constructing and arranging the parts of door springs and checks, or door
checks alone as described, a direct action is obtained, with an extremely limited
piston and piston rod movement, which admits of the cylinder being greatly. reduced
in length with a corresponding reduction in length of the spring.
The connection of the links is made adjustable, by the end of the joint, passing into
one or other of a series of holes.
r
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying drawings, the
manner in which the same is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in side elevation, a combined door spring and check, provided
with one form of my new or improved connection, by means of which, the piston rod
outer end, is connected to the working arm. It will be seen in the said view, that
the turned down end, and cowled link, is shown in section, in order to better exhibit
the bossed end of the rod, which works upon the centre pin, and within the crescent
shaped inside part of the said link.
Figure 2 represents a plan of the rear and joint end, of the said combined door
check and spring.
Figure 3 is an end view of the joint end of the apparatus.
The same letters of reference, indicate corresponding parts in figures 1, 2
and 3.
.
a is the barrel or cylinder, b is the piston rod, having at its inner end, a piston,
which works within the cylinder, while its outer end is provided with a circular
boss ³, connected to the inner end e³ of a jointed link c, by a pin or joint d.
The other or outer end of the said link, is jointed at c³, to the bent down and
jointed end e², of the arm e.
The inner end of the link, is made hooded or crescent like, and marked c², and
within the concave of which, the bossed end 2, of the piston rod works.
The rear bent down end e², of the arm e, is jointedly connected to a bracket g,
secured to the transom of a door frame i, while the barrel, or combined spring and
check a,
is also connected, and fixedly attached to the said transom i, by brackets h,
made with the end caps.
jis a door, carrying a depending bracket, to which the lower end of a link lis
jointe:lly connected by a pin 12, while its upper end is jointedly connected by a pin 13
to the straight end of the arme; and which said end, has a shoulder, which
abuts against a shoulder 1, of the link l, and prevents the door being opened
too far.

page_text: The junction of the bossed end of the piston rod, with the piston rod, is made
by a collar 3, against which the upper terminal part e of the said hooded part, takes
its abutment upon the curved outside part of the said collar ³.
Figure represents a like combined air check and spring, as in figures 1, 2 and 3,
but with the outer end of the arm or that end of the arm, which is connected to the
piston, jointed at the junction of the bent down part with the straight part; and
further, the inner end of the said arm is connected to an upright of a door frame,
with the combined apparatus fixedly secured behind a door.
a is the cylinder, b. the piston rod, 63 the collar, and the circular bossed end, c is
the hooded link, jointed respectively at d, e, to the bossed end 6ª and rocking. arm eª
respectively, which is jointed at its lower end, to the bracket g fixedly secured to a
door, and at its upper end, to the outer and bent down end e³, of an arm e, by a joint
pin e. The other and bent down end e', is jointedly connected to a standing out
bracket k, by a pin e, and which bracket is connected to a door frame upright i,
while the combined appliance is connected by its bracket attachments h, and g, to
the door. Thus, on a door being opened, the arm rocks upon its lower joint
centre, with its upper end moved outwardly, until the end a¹, is brought against the
top of the bracket which comes presented in the same axial line, as the barrel of the
combined apparatus, and forms a stop for limiting the opening of the door.
Thus, when a door is opened, the angular movement made by it, causes the rear
cap a, of the combined appliance, to approach the bracket k, thereby moving the
piston, and piston rod, outwardly within the cylinder, and making the rocking arm e²,
rock backwards, and give the necessary parallelism of motion and direct pressure, to
the piston rod.
Figure 5 represents a modified form of the link connection, as that of figures 1, 2
and 3.
The link is divested of the hooded part, and the inner end connected directly by a
knuckle joint, to the end of the piston rod.
a is the cylinder, the piston rod, 3 the collared end part, and the extreme end,
to which the inner end of the link c, is jointedly connected by the cross pin d, and
whose outer end is jointedly connected at c³, to the bent down portion e' of the straight
arm e, and with the lower end of the said bent down part, jointedly connected to the
bracket which is fixed with the combined air check and spring, to either a door j,
or the transom of a door frame.
Figure 6 represents another form of my invention, in which the outer end of the
piston rod is jointedly connected directly to the turned down part of the straight part
of the arm, and with the barrel of the combined apparatus, jointed on its rear
underside, to a door.
a is the cylinder, b is the piston rod, jointed at its outer end at d, to the bent
down part e² of straight part of the arm e. his a bracket, to which the lower end e
of the arm e, is jointedly connected, and which said bracket h is secured to the
transom of a door frame. I is a link, jointed at its lower end to a bracket g, and at
its other end, to the end e³, of the arm e, by a joint pin 13. m is a hinged joint,
connected to the door, and under rear side of barrel a, respectively.
.
The inward motion of the piston rod within its cylinder, is limited by a collar or
stop b³.
It will be understood, that the barrel and its auxiliary parts, can be secured
indifferently either to a door, or to the transom of a door frame, with the bracket
at the outer end of the arm connected to a door or transom accordingly. Thus the
combined door spring and check, or a spring or check separately, when affixed to the
inside of a door, upright brackets are employed, but when affixed to the outside of a
door, depending brackets are substituted therefor.
. . Figure 7 represents another form of my invention. The barrel of the combined
apparatus, when in its normal position, or when a door is closed, is directed out-
wardly, and with its inner underside or inner cap pivoted, so as to work horizontally.
The piston rod passes through the inner end cap, and with its outer end jointedly

page_text: connected te a bracket, secured to the transom of a door frame. The said figure 7
represents the door partly opened, showing the barrel of the apparatus being moved
away.
Figure 8 represents an end view of figure 7, when the door is closed.
a is the barrel, rearwardly pivoted on its underside, to a movable link, as herein-
after described. is the piston rod, provided at its inner end, with a piston ², upon
which the barrel or piston works, and having at its front side, a coiled spring i,
which surrounds the piston rod, and takes its abutment respectively, upon the top side
of the piston, and the inside of the front end cap, respectively. is a cup leather
washer, at the front side of piston.
The outer end of piston rod b, is jointedly connected to a fixed bracket g,
(secured to the transom or top framing h of a door f) by a joint pin b.
c is a link, jointedly connected at its inner end, to a bracket g¹, (affixed to the
transom ) by a joint pin g³, and at its outer end, to the outer end of a secondary
link d, by a joint pin d².
The inner end of the secondary link d, is jointedly connected to a fixed bracket ;,
carried upon the inside of a door f.
The rear underside of the barrel a, is swivelly connected by a peg or joint a², to the
link c; that is, the peg a² works within a bearing hole c, of the link c, which allows
the barrel a to turn outwardly, on the door making an angular movement.
The combined apparatus, is provided with inlet and outlet valves, wherethrough air
passes inwardly and outwardly, on the opening and closing of a door.
By constructing combined air checks and springs, as represented, or an air check
without a spring, or a door closer, without a check, a direct action is obtained, with
an extremely limited piston and piston rod movement, which allows the barrel and
spring to be shortened.
It will be seen that on the opening of a door, that the piston remains at a constant
distance from its attachment, or from the bracket, to which the inner end of its rod
is jointedly connected; so that the cylinder moves upon the piston, instead of the
piston within the cylinder, as is common with air springs and checks, or combined
checks and springs of other constructions.
Figure 9 represents a modification of the combined air spring and check figure 7.
Figure 10 represents partly in vertical section, and partly in elevation, an end view
of the said combined apparatus figure 9. Figure 11 represents a front view.
It will be seen that the barrel is swivelly connected to a link or arm, jointedly
connected at its inner end, to a bracket, attached to the transom of a door framing.
a is the barrel, with an interiorly disposed piston 6, attached to the inner end
of a rod 1, which works through the inwardly disposed cap of the apparatus. i is
a coiled spring, as described in figures 8 and 9, and c is a link or arm, jointed at
its inner end, by a pin g³, to a bracket g, carried upon the transom of a door
frame.
The piston rods outer end 74, is jointedly connected by a pin b, to the bracket g,
which is the same bracket or same attachment, as the inner forked end c², of the
link or arm c.
fis the door, and j is a bracket, jointedly connected to the inner end of a secondary
link d, by a pin d³, while the outer end of the said secondary link d, is connected to
the outer end of the link or arm c, by a joint pin and knuckle joint d³, ds, the latter
of which, comes against the end cap of the barrel, and forms a stop, on the opening
of a door.
The inner end of the barrel, is swivelly connected to the forked inner end c², of
the link or arm c, by joint centres a², passing and working respectively through the
parts as aforesaid.
Thus, the inner end of the barrel, has outwardly extending bracket lugs a³, which
come upon the inside parts of the arms of the forked part of the link c and which
parts are jointedly connected together by pins a².
It will be seen that the barrel is carried by a link or arm, to which it is swivelly

page_text: ליין
the piston rod, as the two latter remain at a constant distance from the connecting
joint 66.
Figure 12 represents the combined spring and check, figure 9, carried by a door,
instead of upon the transom of the door frame, while the bracket connected to the
outer end of the supplementary link, is attached to the said transom.
Figures 13, 14 and 15, show end and front elevations of the link or arm c, and the
secondary link d.
The combined air checks and springs, or air checks and springs when not combined,
as hereinbefore described, exert a greater pressure, at the closing point of a door, than
they do at any other.
Thus, on the door being opened, the pressure of the spring gradually diminishes,
and again on closing, it increases.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
11
First Connecting the piston rod, with the arm, or the turned down end of an arm,
combined air check and spring, or an air check and spring not combined, by a hooded
or plain link c, with or without stops or abutments c, as described and set forth in
figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of the accompanying drawings.
Secondly. Making the end of a piston rod in the form of a disc, which works
within a like concave, of a connecting link, as, and for the purpose as set forth in
figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawings.
Thirdly. The construction of the arm e, with bent end e², which is jointedly
connected at its lower end, to the bracket, whose attachment is made in common
with the barrel or cylinder of the appliance, as described and set forth in figures 1, 2
and 3 of the drawings.
Fourthly. Combining with an arm e, with stop e, e³, at its outer end, of a link 7, 1,
jointed at its lower end, to a bracket k, as set forth in figure 1.
Fifthly. The general construction and combination of the parts of air checks and
springs, for doors, as described and illustrated in figures 1, 2, 3 and 5; and which
said parts are arranged and work, substantially in the manner as set forth.
Sixthly. Connecting the outer end e³, of an arm e, to the outer end of a piston
rod b, by a rocking arın e², and link c, substantially as set forth in figure 4.
Seventhly. Jointedly connecting the front end e³ of an arme, to its attachment
bracket g, by a rocking arm e², to which the outer end of the piston rod is connected
directly, or indirectly, substantially as set forth in figure 4.
Eighthly. The construction of a combined door spring and check, or a check and
spring not combined, consisting of a barrel a, attachedly connected on its rear under-
side, by a joint m, arm e, e², jointedly connected at its fore part, to the bracket h, and
at its rear part to a bracket g, through a link 7, while the piston rod b, is jointed
directly to the bent down part 2 of the arm e; the apparatus is constructed, and the
parts arranged and work, substantially as set forth in figure 6.
Ninthly. A combined air-check and spring, or an air check and spring not
combined, substantially as set forth in figures 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12; that is to say,
making the barrel or cylinder part, work and slide to and fro upon a piston, and along
a piston rod, on the opening and closing of a door, substantially as described and set
forth.
Tenthly Jointedly connecting the outer end 6, of a piston rod, to an attached or
fixed bracket, either carried by a door frame, transom, or by a door, as described and
set forth in figures 7 to 12, whereby the piston and piston rod move angularly, and
remain at a constant distance from its joint connection, as set forth.
Eleventhly Swivelly connecting the standing out cylinder or barrel of a combined
air check and spring, upon a movable and jointed link, arm or its equivalent, whose
inner end is jointedly attached to a carrying bracket, as set forth in figures 7 to 12.
Twelfthly. Jointing in common both the outer end of a piston rod, and the inner

page_text: end of a connecting link, arm or the like, to which latter, the cylinder or barrel is
swivelly connected.
Thirteenthly. The combination of a cylinder or barrel a, for either a combined
check and spring, or a spring and check not combined, of a piston rod b, link c, c²,
jointedly connected, as set forth in figures 7 to 12.
Lastly. The improvements in combined door checks and springs, or door checks
and springs, not combined, consisting of a cylinder a, swivelly connected to a link,
arm or the like, whose inner end is connected to a bracket, in common with the
jointed outer end of a piston rod; and which said arm, link or the like is connected
at its outer end to a secondary link, jointedly connected to an attached bracket, as
set forth in figures 7 to 15; the appliance or appliances is or are constructed, and
the parts are arranged and work, substantially as and for the purpose as set forth.
Dated this Twenty-sixth day of March 1888