IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELED CARRIAGES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Sanderson, of Lothian Road, in the City and
County of Edinburgh, Coach Builder, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WHEELED CARRIAGES."
Sealed the 3rd July 1857, and dated the 20th April 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Sanderson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th April 1857.
I, THOMAS SANDERSON, of Lothian Road, in the City and County of Edin-
burgh, Coach Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELED CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to two-wheeled spring carriages, and consists in con-
structing them so that the body of the carriage is made to rest on the springs
instead of on the shafts or on connections therewith, as usual. By this means
the motion or pull of the animal drawing the carriage is prevented from
being communicated to the body thereof in the ordinary manner, but is
transferred to the springs by the latter being made to rest or have their
bearing on the shafts or on connections therewith. The body of the carriage
is connected to the springs, so as to be capable of resting thereon and of
being supported thereby, and the springs rest or have their bearing on the
shafts (or their connections), which, together with the springs, are connected
to the axle. The springs may also be made to rest or have their bearing

page_text: on the axle, the shafts being separately connected to the axle. The con-
struction of the carriage, and tho mode of placing and fixing the shafts may
be varied.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Sanderson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
19th October 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
SANDERSON, of Lothian Road, in the City and County of Edinburgh, Coach
Builder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Thomas Sanderson, Her special license that I, the said Thomas Sanderson,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas
Sanderson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WHEELED CARRIAGES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Thomas Sanderson, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Sanderson, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to
the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
My Invention of "Improvements in Wheeled Carriages" relates to two-
wheeled spring carriages, and consists in constructing them so that the body
of tho carriage is made to rest on the springs instead of on the shafts, or on
connections therewith, as usual. By this means the motion or pull of the
animal drawing the carriage is prevented from being communicated to the

page_text: body thereof in the ordinary manner, but is transferred to the springs by the
latter being made to rest or have their bearing on the shafts or on connections
therewith. The body of the carriage is connected to the springs, so as to be
capable of resting thereon and of being supported thereby, and the springs rest
or have their bearing on the shafts (or their connections), which, together with
the springs, are connected to the axle. The springs may also be made to
rest or have their bearing on the axle, the shafts being separately connected
to the axle. The construction of the carriage, and the mode of placing and
fixing the shafts may be varied.
"
In order, however, that my Invention may be fully understood, I will
proceed to describe it more particularly by the aid of the accompanying
Diagrams, and to point out by reference thereto the distinction between the
ordinary mode of constructing two-wheeled carriages, and my improved mode
of constructing them :-
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 represents the ordinary mode of construction. A is the body of the
carriage, which rests on or is connected to the shafts at the parts B, B. The
shafts again rest on or are connected to the ends of the springs at C, C, and
the springs are made to rest on the axle at the point D. It will thus be
seen that the motion or pull of the animal on the shafts will be communicated
to the body of the vehicle.
Fig. 2 represents my improved construction. In this Figure, A is likewise
the body of the carriage, which is connected to the springs, so as to rest
thereon at their ends C, C. The springs at their centre or bearing rest on
the shaft at the point D, and both the shafts and springs, together or separately,
are fixed or connected to the axle, so that when the shafts are moved by the
animal the motion is not communicated to the body of the vehicle, as in the
former case, by reason of the intervention of the springs, the tendency of
which is to counteract the effect of such motion on the body of the vehicle.
I would here remark that I have not thought it necessary to shew the
application of my Invention to any particular construction of two-wheeled
spring carriages, as my Invention does not relate thereto, it being equally
applicable to the various constructions of such carriages, as will be readily
understood by carriage builders.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that what I claim
as of my Invention is the mode herein described of constructing two-wheeled

page_text: spring carriages, so that the body of the carriage may be made to rest on the
springs instead of on the shafts, as in the ordinary construction thereof.
In witness whercof, I, the said Thomas Sanderson, have hereunto set my
hand and scal, the Sixteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
THOMAS SANDERSON. (L.S.)
Witness,
W MURRAY,
of No. 50, Castle Street, Edinburgh,
Solicitor in Supreme Courts of Scotland.