IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHODS OF APPLYING MOTIVE POWER TO THE IMPELLING OF MACHINERY, APPLICABLE, AMONGST OTHER THINGS, TO IMPELLING CARRIAGES ON RAILWAYS, ON COMMON ROADS OR WAYS, AND THROUGH FIELDS, AND VESSELS AFLOAT, AND IN THE METHODS OF CONSTRUCTING THE ROADS OR WAYS ON WHICH CARRIAGES MAY BE IMPELLED OR PROPELLED
Year: 1840

page_text: TO ALL
WHOM THESE PREDE 15 SHALL CO IE, I, HENRY
PINKUS, late of Panton Square, Coventry Street, in the County of Middlesex,
but now of No. 36, Maddox Street, Regent's Street, in the said County of
Middlesex, Esquire, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, in and
by Her Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Twenty-fourth day of September, One thousand eight
hundred and forty, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, did give and grant
unto me, the said Henry Pinkus, Her special licence, full power, sole privilege
and authority, that I, the said Henry Pinkus, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, and every of them, by myself and themselves, or by my and their
deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or such others as I, the said Henry
Pinkus, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term of years therein unexpired, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and
also the Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE METHODS OF APPLYING MOTIVE POWER TO THE IMPELLING OF MACHINERY,
APPLICABLE, AMONGST OTHER THINGS, TO IMPELLING CARRIAGES ON RAILWAYS, ON
COMMON ROADS OR WAYS, AND THROUGH FIELDS, AND VESSELS AFLOAT, AND IN THE
METHODS OF CONSTRUCTING THE ROADS OR WAYS ON WHICH CARRIAGES MAY BE
IMPELLED OR PROPELLED;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso
that I, the said Henry Pinkus, shall cause a particular description of the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
[Price 8d.]

page_text: to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery in England
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Henry Pinkus, do hereby declare that my Invention of improvements in the
method of applying motive power to the impelling of machinery, applicable,
amongst other things, to impelling carriages on railways, on common roads or
ways, and through fields, and vessels afloat, and in the methods of constructing
the roads or ways on which carriages may be impelled or propelled, consist
particularly in the methods of applying and using several separate and distinct
but well-known sources or means of acquiring motive power or powers, force
or forces, some of which were specified and applied in my former Patent for
England, dated Twenty-sixth August, One thousand eight hundred and thirty-
nine, whereby, and by means herein described, I induce, transfer, or transmit,
ns herein described, the motive forces which I cause to be generated, and which
I apply to the different circumstances, things, and uses herein described, con-
sisting partly in varying the methods or applications described in my said
former Specification, the variations and additions being,-
First, the motive forces, or any of them, to effect propulsion on railways. I
vary one of the said motive forces, to wit, what I term gaso-pneumatic, in the
following manner; that is to say, on a line of railway of the ordinary construc-
tion, or any modification thereof, I lay and continue along the whole length of
such railway a series of common gas mains or pipes, 2 of any convenient
diameter, say about five or six inches in diameter. These are laid, if on a
double track, in a centre line between the two tracks of railway, at distances
of about two miles along said line. I lead a bend or bends, a branch or
branches, of any required length, from said mains, and to these, where they
occur, I connect and establish the gas explosive apparatus or engine g, g, or
parts thereof, described in my said former Specification, being fixtures upon
said line of railway, in the manner herein-after described, reference being
had to the several Drawings and Figures herein-after referred to, or in any
similar way. From the engine or apparatus so to be constructed I transfer or
transmit the power or force induced at each station along a line of said rail-
way in opposite directions by the effect of the explosive mixtures of gases and
air, the former supplied through said mains from gasometer stations placed
at convenient distances, say ten miles apart, along said railway; and thus I
vary the method of applying said power described in my said former
Specification.

page_text: Secondly, to effect propulsion on canals. I also vary the method described
in my said former Specification, in number herein-after described, and referred
to in the accompanying Drawings and Figures.
Thirdly, I effect a motive force or power by applying the aforesaid gaso-
pneumatic principle to impelling machinery, to wit, the impelling engine
described in my said former Specification, dated Twenty-fifth day of February,
One thousand eight hundred and forty-one, being the gaso-pneumatic engine
therein referred to, and apply the said gaзo-pneumatic engine to another and
different use, by combining with it a method of communicating a source of
motive force, to wit, gas, which I take up from the public mains or pipes when
laid down in cities, towns, and other places for the purpose of supplying gas
for lighting, and by the combination of method and apparatus herein-after
described construct and apply the same to the purpose of a fire-engine.
Fourthly, I further vary the methods of effecting propulsion on said railways
or said canals by one of said motive powers or forces, to wit, steam power, in
combination with the same, or parts of the same impelling machinery or appa-
ratus, in lieu of gaso-pneumatic power, in manner herein-after described.
Fifthly, I effect impulsion or propulsion on and along railways, common
ways, and canals, and over, along, or through fields, by inducing or generating a
well-known source of motive power, force, or influence, being electrical, whether
electro-magnetic, voltaic, frictional, or otherwise. These, or any of them, I
supply from stationary wellsorbatteries, whence I transfer or transmit themotive
influence along a line of railway, common way, canal, or field, to put in motion
apparatus and impelling machinery consequent upon the combination of
method and appartus herein-after mentioned, and effect the other thingsherein-
after described. In the following parts of this Specification, and the Drawings
and Plans accompanying the same, numbered from No. 1 to No. 10, and the
parts thereof, the same figures of referenceapply to all the Diagrams, plans, eleva-
tions, sections,and views respectively for each distinct subject, by reference to all
or any of which the varied applications, combinations, effects, circumstances,
and other things referred to in the title of my Patent, will more plainly appear.
And first, as to the varied application of one of the combinations of
gaso-pneumatic power to engines, apparatus, and machinery, whereby and by
means whereof I construct what I denominate a differential railway, Drawing
No. 1, and as seen in plan, Figure 1, elevation, Figure 2, and end view,
Figure 3. 1, 2, 3, 4, represent the rails on a double line of railway. At a
central point between the double lines I construct a fixed engine or apparatus
suited to any of the motive powers herein referred to. If for gaso-pneumatic,
then I combine with the said apparatus the gaso-explosive engine described

page_text: in my said former Specification, which is therein described in detail, as well as
in the method of working it, referring to which renders it unnecessary that I
should do more than shew without minute detail the parts in this Specification,
or the accompanying Drawings herein. Ona suitable foundation at A, Figure 1,
under the surface level of the railway, I frame a base a, a, a, a, a, of any suitable
material, on which I suspend or supporta cast-iron wheel or wheels b,b,b,b,in
a horizontal position, Figures 1, 2, 3, of such diameter as that the peripherics
shall revolve at about the centre of each track of railway. On the peripheries
of these wheels are grooves or flanges one inch in depth, the width of the
groove above five inches. Two of these wheels are laid parallel one to the
other, and are connected with a double crank c,c,c,c; the crank journals to
be at right angles to each other. The under part of the crank axle revolves
in a step e, e, e, e.
Over the wheels a, a, a, a, is a cast-iron frame f, f. f. fi
bolted to the frame which supports the wheel, for the purpose of supporting the
upper end of the crank axle on the frame that supports the wheels b, and in a
central position between the double lines of rails; and in a horizontal position
are placed the piston cylinders g, g, g, g, whether for gaso-pneumatic or steam
power, from the piston rods of which are attached the connected rods h, h, h,h,
uniting the piston rods with the journals of the crank axle c. One of these
wheels, namely, the lower one, may be thrown into and out of action by the
application of a clutch as used in the common manner, and therefore allows
thecrank axle to revolve loosely in it. To a cross horizontal frame I support
four horizontal friction or adhesion rollers i, i, i, i, two of which revolve in the
groove of each of the wheels b. At a point B, and at the distance of about
two miles on and along the line of way, I construct and fix in a similar
position and in like manner another one of the same engines and appa-
ratus, and at a point C are two similar wheels, being about one mile
intermediate distance between the engines A and B so fixed. I construct
in like manner another apparatus of the same construction, omitting only
the piston cylinders g, g, and the connecting rods h, h, and the crank axle,
and substitute in lieu thereof a straight axle. The wheels at C, however,
must be supported on a moveable frame K, Figures 1 and 2, having rollers
that move on rails or bars fixed to the foundation on which the wheels and
frame move. The distance between the centres of the two wheels may be
about twenty feet, and the rails or bars on which the frames move of such a
length as to allow the frames and rollers to move backward and forward for
a distance of about ten feet each. Between the centres of the wheels B is
constructed a well E several feet in diameter, and about twelve feet in depth.
On and across the top of the well E is laid a circular framework K, for the

page_text: purpose of attaching two guide pullies about two feet diameter. The
frame K has a hole in the centre, through which a chain x, x, passing
over the guide pullies may move. A chain, r, a, connected with cither
frame of the wheels passes over the pullies, and is reeved through a metal
block and pulley m, and from the block m are suspended in the well
weights n, n, n, n.
This arrangement will constitute one section of about
two miles in length of a double line of railway. At similar points and
equal distances along a line of railway I form, construct, and fix similar
engines, constituting similar stations and sections of railway. The adjacent
apparatus continuing from B, will be a similar apparatus to that placed at C,
and at the next fixed point or station beyond the apparatus C is placed a
similar engine and apparatus to that fixed at A or B, and so on alternately
along the whole line of railway. All along the central line between the double
line of railway, I lay a common gas main 2, say five or six inches in diameter,
having common syphon wells and intersecting valves, all of which are perma-
nently laid under the surface level of the railway. At each of the engines
A or B is a branch from said main communicating with the gaso-pneu-
matic engine g,g, connected with the gas mains. At stations of about ten
miles apart are gas stations for manufacturing the gas to supply the mains.
Along the whole line of railway, near the centre of each double line of railway,
I construct trenches L, L, Figure 3, nine inches wide by about twenty inches
deep, of brick, timber, or any other suitable material, the upper line ofthe trench
being in a line with the surface level of the railway. Along the whole length
of the railway, and in the centre line of the trenches L, L, I place a series
of pullies q,, s, at any convenient distances apart, say forty feet more or less.
These are constructed in the following manner:-Aframeor standard p.p.p‚p;p.
Figure 4, plan, elevation, and section on an enlarged scale, I suspend a roller q
by its axis so as to allow it to revolve freely. The diameter of this roller may
be about fifteen inches and its width four inches and a half, having a groove in
its periphery four inches wide and half an inch deep. In the same standard,
and above the roller q, I suspend a compound pulley ; 18 by its axis S being
of a larger diameter than three feet nine inches, whilst ris the same diameter
as 7, about three and a half inches wide, the axis of r, s, is allowed to rise
and fall in a slot having a bearing on the side of 2.
Under the bearing is a
spiral spring u of sufficient strength to lift r, s, from contact with u, say half
an inch above it; may fall into the groove of 7 and roll freely on it. I
now form a band of metal, say steel, w, w, w, w, w, w, of a continuous length,
four inches wide and about quarter of an inch thick. I pass this band round
in the groove on the periphery of one of the wheels b at the station A,

page_text: between the friction rollers i, i, and between the nearest rollers q, r, on the
standard p, q, and of the nearest rollers may be slightly conical, so as to
twist the band from a vertical to a horizontal position; and I lead the said
metal band between all the pullies q and r, along one track of the double
railway to one of the wheels cat the intermediate station, and around in the
groove in its periphery, and so pass it in like manner between all the pullies
and on the other track of the double line of railway, the nearest pulley to
the wheel bat c being slightly conical so as to twist the band from a vertical
position on the wheel to a horizontal position. I thence continue the band
between the pullies and along this track of the railway, and so bring it up
to the wheel bat A, where I unite it to the other end of the band so as to form
an endless band. A round or circular metal rope, bar or bars, may be used
instead of the aforesaid band; in that case there must be grooves in the peri-
pheries of the rollers q and r to correspond with the form of the rope or conti-
nuous bars.
When curves occur on a line of way the metal band may be
made to conform to it by making the pullies 9 and 1 conical, so as to twist the
band whilst passing thecurves. And further, if in lieu of said gaso-pneumatic
cylinders at the points A, B, steam engines be substituted, then the line of
railway may be worked by stationary steam power, and in that case the
aforesaid mains may be dispensed with. On the differential railway the
carriages receive their impulsion from the impelling wheels S fixed at the
points aforesaid along the line of way. In order to bring the carriages in
contact with the wheel I suspend under the floor of each carriage a moveable
flange bar 1, Figure 2, Drawing No. 1, A 2, having a length equal to the
length of the carriages and buffers, say about twenty-eight feet. The move-
able bar may be made of rolled iron, about one inch thick in the web, of the
form shewn in section, Figure 4, the flanges 2, 2, of the bar about one inch
deep, and the plain surface of the bar about eight inches between. The bar is
suspended below the axles of the travelling wheels in the following manner:
As one method which, however, may be varied by any simple mechanical
arrangement, namely, two or more parallel or similar bell crank levers 4, to be
attached to the upper flange of the moveable bar by the extremity of the
short end of the lever 3. The other or long end of the lever or bell crank to
have attached to its upper or extreme end a curved rack 5, into which a
pinion 6 is moved by a crank handle 7, the action of which tends to raise or
lower the flanged bar 1, so as to bring it in contact with the impelling
pulley S, or raise it therefrom at will. The degree of pressure of the bar 1
on the wheel S may be regulated by an index, so as to induce any required
degree of adhesion between S and 1. In order to fix the bar 1 when in cou-.

page_text: tact with S, I attach to.the frame a long wrought-iron rod S, joined at the ends
of each carriage by a long clutch coupling 9, with sufficient play room; longitu-
dinally upon this rod I fix a strong screw thread, which works in the periphery
of a pinion wheel 10, upon the axis of which I fix two excentrics 11, placed
in such manner as to press down the bar 1 on each side of the rib by the
action of the screw rod acting upon the screw pinion in motion by a ratchet
wheel handle 12, near the seat of the conductor or conductors of the train; on
the front end of the bar 1 I attach a bent spring steel bar 13, of the form
shewn, which is intended to throw each pully S into motion before it comes
in contact with the curved end of the bar 1.
And I further vary one of the said applications or combinations of gaso-pneu-
matic power with engines,apparatus, and machinery, described in mysaid former
Specification, as therein shewn to apply to impel or propel vessels on canals, by
afurther combination of method and apparatus to effecta like purpose; to which
end I construct on and along the whole length of a canal, on one or both
margins thereof, a suspension rail A, A, A, Figures 1, 2, and 3, Drawing No. 2, as
shewn in plan, elevation, and sectional end view, by fixing piles or pillarsa,a,a,a,
along the said margin, about eight inches square, and these constitute the
sleepers for supporting a single line of railway bars. These sleepers are let
into the ground to the depth of about three feet, and project to a height of
about eighteen inches above the surface level of the towing path, and are
placed about nine feet apart. On the tops of the piles or sleepers are placed
common railway chairs b, b, b, b, fastened down to the sleepers in any conve-
nient manner. Into these chairs are placed the ends of the railway bars, and
fastened by a bolt or pin c, c, c, c; the bars are about nine feet in length, and
have a convex upper surface. Along the said canal, in a line with a line of
the rail, I lay down the said gas main a, a, a, described in my former Specifi-
cation, of the diameter of about four inches. This main is laid under the
surface level of the towing path, and to the main is attached, at suitable
distances, common syphon wells for the purpose for which such wells are
usually applied to gas mains. At distances of from one to two miles apart
along said mains I connect bends or branches d, d, d, d, and to these where
they occur I apply and connect gas valve mains B, B, B; on each of the
bends I apply an intersecting valve for cutting off the communication
between the gas main and the valve main, for which purpose I apply a lever
action, the lever e, e, e, e, being made self-acting, and is connected with
another lever e by a wire f, shewn in a waived line. The valve of the valve
main is constructed in the same manner as time gaso-pneumatic valve main
described in my said former Specification, and may be of any required

page_text: length, say from one hundred to one hundred and fifty feet in length. On
the rail a I suspend an impelling machine C, as in plan, elevation, and
sectional end view; this I construct in the following manner :-To a cast-iron
crutch or frame g, g, g, I attach travelling wheels h, h, h, h, by their axes in a
slot in the crutch of the diameter of about fifteen inches; from the crutch are
suspended weights k, l,, k, these are firmly attached so as to be inflexible;
they are placed near the ends, and on each side of the crutch; these are
intended to support the travelling wheels h in a vertical position by sus-
pending the principal metal of the weight below its centre of gravity. In the
middle part of the crutch or frame between the travelling wheels h are
suspended, by axes, two friction or adhesion wheels 1, 1, 1, 1, of about two feet
diameter, and one and a half wide on their peripheries, which are squared;
these are pressed against the sides of the railway bars a, a, a, by a strong
spiral or other springs placed on one side of bearing blocks, and so adjusted
by screws acting against the bearing blocks as to regulate the required degree
of adhesion or pressure against the railway bars. On the same axis which carry
the friction wheels 2, are attached pullies m, m, m, m; these pullies, about two
feet in diameter, and about two and a half inches wide, and have circular
grooves in the peripheries for the purpose of carrying a cord or tow rope, and
the pullies may be so arranged as that the peripheries may roll one on the
other and so press the cord when in the groove. The pressure of the friction
wheels will tend as well as the weights to maintain the travelling wheels in a
vertical position. To and on one side of the frame or crutch I attach, in a
vertical position, by bolts a tongue or compressed pipe D, D, D, of the form
shewn in plan, horizontal section, elevation, and end view, being the hollow
tongue described in my said former Specification. On the upper surface
of the tongue I connect a union joint or screw of the diameter of three
inches. The machine so constructed I denominate the Dynamic Impeller.
In a canal boat or vessel E, E, I fix the gaso-pneumatic explosive engine
G, G, described in my said former Specification, or any modification thereof,
to the piston rods of which I attach a connecting rod m to the journals of
a crank or cranks. In the vessel E 1 place a horizontal fly wheel F, F,
of any convenient diameter, supported in any suitable manner on the top
of the crank axle. The fly wheel may be placed under the deck of the
vessel, or under a floor. On the upper surface of the fly wheel I attach
a pulley o, 0, 0, 0, by pins to its rim or arms; the connecting rod m
may be united with the crank journal or journals. In any convenient
situation in the vessel, either under the deck or over the deck, I place a
reservoir 2, 2, for gas; this may be in the form of long wrought iron pipe

page_text: or pipes of light construction and of any convenient length, and about
twelve inches diameter. In this reservoir I place flexible diaphragms, being
the diaphragms of the gas reservoir described in mysaid former Specification.
This reservoir communicates by a pipe with the explosive engine G, and from
another pipe 3 connected with the reservoir, of the diameter of, say, 3 inches,
I connect by a union joint, flexible tube, or pipe P, by one of its ends; this
tube may be about three inches diameter, of any convenient length, say about
the length of the tow line or cord of the vessel; the other end of the flexible
pipe I attach by the union screw on the tongue D, and so unite the reservoir
in the vessel with the said tongue. In the tongue D is an intersecting valve,
namely, the intersecting valve described and shewn in the gaso-pneumatic
engine referred to in my said former Specification. I apply one of the said
sources of motive power, namely, the said gaso-pneumatic power, by a
farther varied combination of method and apparatus, to another useful pur-
pose, namely, the purpose or purposes of a fire engine; for that object I vary
the mechanical arrangements, or some of them, of the gaso-pneumatic loco-
motive engine, described and shewn in try said former Specification to which
I refer, referring herein also to the accompanying Drawing No. 3, Figures
1, 2, 3, in plan, clevation, and end view. In these Figures a, a, a, a, are the
travelling wheels; b, b, the frame; c, c, the springs; d, d, the axles; d 1, d 1,
the crank axle; d 2, the fly wheel; e, c, a gas chamber; g, g, the piston
cylinders; h, h, the slide boxes; k, a double-acting air or gas pump;
, le 1, another double-acting air pump; 1, 1, a supply pipe leading from the
gas chamber e, e, to the globular explosion chamber M, M 1, on which are
igniting slides i, i, and safety valves j,j; n, n, branch pipes leading from the
explosion chamber M and M 1, and into the slide boxes h, h; 0, 0, is a four-
way valve or cock intersecting the supply pipe l, and communicating with
the explosion chambers M, M 1; p is a lever fixed on the top of the four-way
valve, and is attached to the rod g, which is connected with the lever r, r, and
so to the excentric S, S, on the crank axle d 1; t, t, are the guides, and u the
frames; u, v, the connecting rods; wo, w, the reversing gear attached to the
reversing bent lever a 2, a 2; y, y, is a bent lever, one part of which is con-
nected with the piston rods of the gas and air pump z, z, the middle part has
a rack, on which is an adjusting chuck z 1, z 1, at the end of an eccentric
rod z on the crank axle d 1. In the fire engine there are stuffing boxes at
both ends of the cylinders g, g, through which the rods 1 and 2 of both pistons
work. On one end of the frame of the fire engine are fixed two single-acting
force pumps, , 3 and 4, connected with a water tank 5, 5, 5, by square water-
ways 6, 6, in which are placed common lifting valves. To each of one end of
B

page_text: the piston rods 1 and 2, are solid plungers 7, 7, working through a stuff space.
8, 8. 9, 9, is a metal globe communicating with the waterways of the force
pumps 3 and 4, on which one or more branch pipes 10,10, may be attached
by union screws.
11 is a metal air globe, on the top of which is a pressure.
valve 12, 12; at the forward end of the fire engine there is only one wheel, being
an ordinary swivel wheel acting under an arched end frame. 13, 13, are long
screws, on the top of which are hand wheels for screwing the rods down against
the ground, so as to steady the engine when in action. To the turn-plate of the
front wheel of the engine may be attached a common tongue or shaft, to which
horses may be geared for the purpose of drawing the engine from place to
place. Ou portable drum wheel, which may be placed on or lifted from the
engine, may be wound two or three hundred feet of a cylindrical flexible pipe,
about from an inch to an inch and a half internal diameter; this inay be made
into lengths of fifteen or twenty feet, and united at their ends by union screws
of the size and thread ordinarily applied to common gas service pipes or gas fit-
tings; several corresponding union screws 14, 14, may be attached to the gas
chamber e, e, of the engine, by which one or more flexible pipes may be
attached to it.
I further vary my methods of impelling vessels on canals, by applying another
kind of motive power, namely, the motive power of steam in combination with
parts of the apparatus and machinery alreadydescribed in its application to gaso-
pneumatic power; to this end I construct the before-mentioned rail A, A, A, but
I dispense with the use of the gas main, the gas valvemain, and all their attach-
ments and connexions, and I dispense with the tongue Dwith its connexions,
(and I dispense with the flexible pipe P,) with the exception of the construc-
tion of the dynamic impeller A. Figure 1, Drawing 4, remains as before
described, only that I further add to it by constructing a circular rail a, a, a,
which I divide into three parts, as shewn by the moveable stop joints b, b.
The top of the curved rail is the same diameter as said rail A, and has the
same convex surface.
Figure 2 is a canal boat designed for goods or passengers; in this boat may
be placed a steam engine of high or low pressure. c is a horizontal fly wheel,
supported as before on the top a crank axle, to the journal or journals of which
the connecting rod or rods of the steam engine may be united. On the upper
side of the fly wheel a pulley D may be fixed, as before described; an endless
cord or tow line e, e, may be passed round the groove of the pulley of the fly
wheel, and also round one of the pullies on the off side of the dynamic impeller.
A friction roller f may be fixed to roll on the periphery of the pulley d, and
press the tow line by revolving in the pulley. The object of the curved rail is,

page_text: to enable one dynamic impeller to pass over the back of another impeller, for
which purpose the rail is jointed as aforesaid.
In that part of my said former Specification, whercon two sources of motive
power therein described as applicable to field operations in agriculture, I refer
to Drawing No. 1, accompanying said former Specification, and also Drawing
No. 5, accompanying this Specification, wherein D is a locomotive impelling
engine in said Drawings 1 and 5, to both of which the said letters of reference
in said former Specification apply. In No. 5 the stuffing box placed on the
vertical column 1, in which the end hollow axis of the drum W revolves
is a fixture. The flexible pipes, Drawing No. 5, should be thrce inches internal
diameter, and of any convenient length, say two hundred and twenty yards.
I apply one of the methods of motive power or influence to the other
things referred to in the title of the present Specification, reference being had
to the Drawings herein-after referred to, namely, to the things herein-after
described, all of which result from the combinations of method and apparatus
herein-after described. And 1st, in one of the methods of constructing the
roads or ways on which carriages may be impelled, and by which apparatus
may be put in motion or action, the combinations of methods, engines, and
apparatus herein-after described are the basis upon or from which all the
actions, effects, or things result or obtain. The power or influence which I
apply is the electric influence, inany of the forms which I may find most con-
venient, by any of the well-known methods of inducing the electric currents,
whether voltaic, electro-magnetic, frictional, or otherwise, and whose induction,
tension, or influence may be transferred, transmitted, or induced at points or
places distant from prime sources or batteries. One of the objects to which I.
apply said motive force or influence is to put engines, apparatus, machinery,
and implements in motion in, along, over, or through fields, for agricultural
purposes; with that view, I erect in any given area of land, say one or more
square miles of land, a station A, Drawing 5, placed in a central, or any con-
venient situation. A is a building in which I construct and place an electric
battery or batteries, of any of the common or well-known constructions, or I
construct wells or tanks A, A 1, in any part or parts of such arrear, of any
suitable material, or any required size or form; those I place under the surface
level, the tops of which are so far below the surface, as that they may be
covered up with soil, so as not to interfere or impede agricultural operations.
From the station A, or any of the stations A, A 1, I lay down a system of
mains or pipes B, B, B, B, of the diameter of about two or three inches, united
by flanged joints connected in the common manner; these may be laid through
various fields, either below or above the drainage, and in any direction, as

page_text: shown by the dotted lines passing through B, one of said mains B. One is
uncovered to show its position under the surface level. All along said mains, at
convenient intervals of from one to two hundred yards, I erect short vertical
branches a,a,a,a, communicating with the pipes B; these terminate in a box
c, c, c, c, c, having a moveable lid; the top of the box to be so far below the
surface level as not to interfere with tillage. From the station A, or from the
wells A 1, I lead through the pipes B continuons metallic wires, rolls, or
ribands, or bundles of fine wires, as shown at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, Drawing No. 6,
say of copper, of any required thicknesses or surfaces. The wires, rods, ribands,
or bundles may be insulated by silk, and varnished in the common manner, so
that one wire, or rod, or riband, or bundle, shall not be in contract with
another. These may be laid in pairs, and coloured with different colours, for
example, black and red, blue and yellow, brown and green, the black and red
corresponding with the positive and negative poles of the battery; and in like
manner the blue and yellow, and the brown and green, and so on, for any other
pairs and colours. Any pair so arranged may be turned into the vertical branch
or branches a, and terminate in the box or boxes c, in which they may diverge
and be fixed, at points d, d. The apex of d may be sufficiently long to
beud over to d 1, with which it may be brought in contract by a screw, and
from which it may be released at will. A similar arrangement is made
in all the boxes c. All the said wires, rods, ribands, or bundles must be so
properly arranged, and be so continuous, as that, when connected in the boxes,
or the pairs united with any other wires connecte.l with apparatus or machinery,
and their ends at the stations or wells are brought into proper contact with
the positive and negative poles of a battery, they shall form or constitute proper
metallic circuits. The wires, rods, ribands, or bundles may be of any de-
sirable dimensions suited to convey by their means the largest intensity, effect,
or influence, or what is called an electriccurrent, when the wires and battery
are properly arranged for conveying or communicating the electric force, and
when the electric influence is continued under induction or tension, and so long
as the ends of the wires forming the metallic circuit are in proper connection
with the poles of the battery or batteries at the stations A or A 1.
In order to put implements into action for field or other operations, namely,
such implements and apparatus as are referred to and described in my said
former Specification, I construct a locomotive engine D, Drawing No. 5 A, with
similar wheels a, frame b, spring e, axle d, or crank axle d 1, having the
columns x 1, revolving drum W, the wheels a having the studs 1, 2, 3, 4,
the levers L,L, with the ploughshares 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or any other imple-
ments described as appertaining to said locomotive engine, in my said former

page_text: Specification, but dispensing therefrom with the cylinders g,g, and theirappur.
tenances, and the piston rods h, and the connecting rodsk, and the guide frameso.
The drum W may be of smaller dimensions than therein described, namely, of
the dimensions of three or four feet diameter, and of the width of two feet but
suspended in the manner formerly described. Around the said drum I wind a
coil or pair S, S, S, S, of the aforesaid wires or bundles, of any required length
and dimensions, say from one to three hundred yards; one extremity of said
pairs I pass through the drum hollow axis, and through the fixed stuffing box.
The other extremity I attach and properly adjust to a similar pair, terminating
in the box e, for which purpose the ground may be opened, and the lid of the
box raised. To the locomotive engine D 1 apply an electro-magnetic engine,
namely, any well-known and effective electro-magnetic engine or machine
capable of imparting motion to machinery; for example, Taylor's (patented)
electro-magnetic engine, or one on the principle applied, as herein-after de-
scribed. If Taylor's engine be used, then I apply one or more of said engines
to the axle d on the locomotive engine D, to the poles of the magnets, which I
connect, and properly adjust the wires S, S, so that from said pole of the
electro-magnetic engine, on the axle d, through the pair of wires S, S, passing
through the stufling box on the column 1, on through the hollow axis,
through the continuous coil on the drum, to the corresponding wires connected
as aforesaid in the box c on the vertical branch a, thence through the main
B 1, and the main B, to the station A, and properly to the poles of the battery
therein, or when connected in like manner at the wells A 1, or any of them, so
that when the aforesaid connections are made, and properly adjusted, there
shall be an unbroken communication between the battery at the station A, or
wells A 1, or any of them, and the locomotive engine 1), so that between station
A or A1, and D, there shall be a proper metallic circuit established.
And further, I apply the said method or source of motive power, to wit
the electric, to another of the things referred to in the title to this Specification,
namely, to the preservation of life and property on railways, by acting on breaks,
to stop and prevent the collision of trains. With that view I lay down all
along a line of railway, in a central position, between the tracks of a double
line, a light railway bar or bars P, Figures 1, 2, cross section and clevation,
Drawing No. 7, supported on cross sleepers, when such are used, or on one line
of block sleepers, when such are used; the railway bar may be fixed in chairs
about nine feet apart, or bolted on to the cross sleepers, or into the blocks, when
such are used. The form of the rail may be of the same form as shown in
cross section H, wherein a, a, is the cross section of the railway bar, having
flanges b, b, on the upper surface, into which is let continuous bars of hard

page_text: wood c, about two inches square; the bar is a hollow baras at d. I divide the
line of bars H into half-mile lengths or sections, No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4,
by continuing a space of about three feet between the bars in the middle of
the section, and I so continue them in half-mile lengths, by similar spaces, all
along the line of the railway, except where points or switches occur; at those
places the spaces may be as many fect as to prevent their action, or interfere
with trains when passing on them. All along the line of railway, say of one or
two miles, or more or less distance apart, at convenient points or places, I con-
struct the aforesaid battery or batteries. From these batteries I lead a pair of
metallic rods or wires, of any required dimension or dimensions, having con-
tinuity as before described, and insulatedas before described; these I lead through
the space or cavity d of the bar H, on the angular surface of the wooden bars c,
as at e, e, continuous copper rods or wires.x, x 1, of any required dimensions, say
three quarters of an inch wide on their uppersurface. These are attached to the
wooden bars c by copper pins. The rods or wires are each as long as the said
sections of the bars. At the extremity of the half-mile section a 1, a 2, in plan
forma, a, the rod a communicates by contact with the rod or wirex 2, inthecavity
of the bar, and the rod.xl communicates by contact at the sume extremity with
the wire x 3 in the cavity d. From that end of the bar a, a, the wires x 2 and
x 3 lead to one of the aforesaid batteries No. 1, plan view, Drawing No. 9,
(where the ends of the pair of insulated wires communicate with and are pro-
perly adjusted to the positive and negative poles of said battery; and from
another division of said battery, or an independent battery at the said point or
station, another similar pair of insulated wires lead to the next succeeding
half-mile section of the railway bar H, No. 2, in plan Drawing 9, where the
said pair are in a like manner connected or adjusted, or in section No. 1, and
a similar pair of insulated wires lead from the same station or battery A, to
similar sections No. 3 and No. 4, on one line of the railway, and from the
same station of battery, or independent battery or batteries, similar pairs of
similar insulated wires lead, in like manner, to similar sections on the parallel
line of railway. The rods or wires x and x 2, and x1, and x 3, form a
perfect continuity from the beginning of the section a, a, along the wires x and
.1 to the extremity of the section a 1, and a 2, when they join the extremities
of x2, x3, and thence lead through the cavity d to the station of battery
or batteries A, where, being properly adjusted to the poles of a battery, estab-
lish a metallic circuit whensoever the wires x and x 1 may be made to com-
municate by contact, and so in like manuer do all the wires of all the sections
when properly adjusted to poles of battery or batteries. In order now to
transfer or communicatethe electric influence to breaks connected with loco-

page_text: motive or other vehicles on railways, I suspend from a moveable joint fixed on..
a wooden frame attached to a locomotive engine in elevation D, Drawing...
No. 7, and as seen also in elevation No. 8, a pair of copper conductors g, g
Figure 1, No. 8, and in Figure (7) aud in No. 7. This is suspended by a move-
able joint attached to said wooden frame fixed on the locomotive engine. Tothe
lower extremities of the rod g, g, I attach by another moveablejoint what I term
an electro-magnetic coupler h, h, composed of two masses of copper of the
form shewn in section h, h, elevation Drawing No. (7), and in elevation No. 8.
These are attached to a wooden block / by wooden pins i, i, the lower extre-
mity of g, g, being connected with the upper surface of k. The couplers h, h,
are in contact with wires a, a 1, in elevation drawing No. 8, and in Drawing.
No. 7, a 1. From the upper extremities of the conductors g, g, a pair of
insulated wires m, m, in elevation (Drawing 8) pass through wooden
guides n, n, attached to the locomotive. In a wooden frame fixed on the
locomotive I place an electro-magnetic engine; for example, say Taylor's
rotatory engine. To the wire of one of the poles of the magnet or magnets I
connect a corresponding wire m, and to the end of the wire of another pole of
the magnet I connect the other corresponding wire m, by which means I
complete a metallic circuit by means of the electro-magnetic coupling
slide h, h; because, whilst one of the rods or wires leading from one of the
poles of the battery through the wire a 3 from the end of the section a, a,
through the cavity a, to the wire a 1 at the extremity a 2, and by contact
with one of the couplers h, thence through one of the conducters g, and one
of the wires m through the guide » to one pole of the corresponding wire
wound round a magnet of the rotatory engine; then from the other pole of
the magnet I connect the other corresponding wire m, which leads to the
other conductor g, to the other coupler, to the rod or wire 2 in the
cavity d, and so long to the other pole of the battery at A, to the poles of
which said pair of wires are properly adjusted, so that when all the said con-
nexions are properly arranged a metallic circuit will be established, in which
an electric current may be induced, and through which it may be transferred.
On the axis of said electro-magnetic rotatory I attach a pulley 1, about
twelve inclies diameter, insulated at its axis by ivory bearings, to the peri-
phery of which I attach one end of a wire or cord 2, and pass around the
pulley 1, over which it passes to a lever 3 on the whistle of the engine, with a
branch cord or wire 1, to the lever 4 of the steam throttle valve of the engine.
And further, instead of attaching the apparatus herein last described to the
locomotive engine, I place the same or a similar apparatus with a similar
arrangement to one of the carriages of a train for the purpose of acting upon

page_text: the breaks of a carriage to impede or stop their progress, and from such carriage,
and the apparatus, when placed thereon, lead a cord or wire to the whistle and
steam valve of the engine, in similar manner as before described; or, instead of
Taylor'srotatoryengine I construct an electro-magneticengine Pofany required
dimensions, Figures 1, 2, 3, elevation Drawing No. 10, in the following manner,
that is to say, supported on a cast-iron frame a, a, a, a, laid on a suitable founda-
tion, or constructed on columns b, b, b, b, I erect a column d, d, on the
apex of
which I suspend a vibratory beam e, e, e, on a platform g, g. 9, 9. I construct
and fix one or more electro-magnets h, h, h, h, of any required dimensions or
capacity, by any of the common and well-known methods, each having a magnetic
surface, say 1, 2, 3, 4, sixteen square feet, more or less, according to any required
force or power of an engine. The upper surfaces of these may be laid in a
horizontal, angular, or vertical position on moveable points or axis i, i, i, i. I
connect one edge of flexible metallic platesh, k,k,k, having superficial surfaces
equal to the area of the magnets; when the plates are connected with the
axis i, the flexible plates may lay flat on the magnets h, h, h, h, on those sides of
the plate which are on the sides opposite the surfaces; in contact with the
magnets are raised surfaces or beads m, m, m, m, rivited on the plates or
rolled in the solid mass. These lay across the plates in lines which are at
right angles with the beam of the engine, and must be of such proportions,
and so far one from the other, as not to neutralize the required degree of
flexibility in the plates in their actions herein-after described. On the centre
parts of the raised surfaces are eyes n,n, n, n, iron bolts intended to form move-
able joints. From the ends of the beam 1,2, are suspended moveable connecting
links 2,2, which are keyed on to the axis 3, 3, into which are keyed flexible
steel bar connecting rods P,P,P, P, on the rods herein-after described, which
terminate in the moveable joints m, m, m, m, to which they are held by bolts
or pins. The connecting rods so formed are of such lengths that when the
beam of the engine is in a horizontal position the connecting rods P.P.P.P, shall
stand in diverging lines from the points m,m,m,m, to the links into which they
are keyed 2, 2. From points 4, 4, on the beam B, B, in manner herein-after
shewn, and from a point 5,5, on the beam, I suspend a connecting rod q,q, which
is connected with the crank z, on which is a pinion wheel S, S, which gears into
a spur wheel, may be attached to the fly wheel u, u, moving on the centre v.
And further, having in the foregoing part of this my Specification described
and shewn the combinations ofmethod and apparatus whereby, and by means
whereof I am enabled to apply and use one of said forces or influences, to wit,
electricity in any of its forms, and shewn how the same may be laid down on a
line of railway for the purpose of acting on the breaks of carriages, and putting

page_text: and impelling machinery in motion, 1 further vary said application by placing
an electro-magnetic machine as the moving power on a locomotive engine for
the purpose of impelling trains of carriages; for example, if Taylor's rotatory
wheel, then on the axle or axles of the locomotive, or if one on the application
of the electro-magnetic principle before described,and shewn in Drawing No.10,
which may be varied in its forms and construction so as suitably to apply to
locomotive impelling engines, then I put such machines in motion, or continue
them in motion, along a line of railway by taking up the electric force from the
wires wandel, arranged as aforesaid, and the electro-magnetic slideh, h, which
communicates to the impelling machinery in manner aforesaid, and established
a metallic circuit or circuits in manner before described; and further, when I
apply the said source of motive power or source to impelling vessels or canals,
I apply the said arrangement of the metallic circuits to the rail a, a, a, along a
line of canal, slightly varying the mechanical arrangements by supporting the
wooden bar or bars c on each side of the rail in any convenient manner, and
bringing the electro-magnetic coupling slide down on each side of the rail to
the wires and a 1, which should be attached to the bars c, c, all the required
parts being properly insulated; then, on the aforesaid dynamic impeller, I
place an electro-magnetic engine, being either of those referred to, either the
aforesaid Taylor's, or that on the principle applied and described and shewn in
Drawing No. 10. These, by any simple gearing, may put the travelling wheels
in motion; or either of the said engines being placed in the vessel e, may put
said fly-wheel pulley and cord in motion; but in lieu of said flexible tube,
already described, conducting wires communicating with the engines through
the said electro-magnetic coupling slide may be applied, and by their action
impel vessels on canals; and in like manner said electro-magnetic engines may
be applied to impelling machinery on the railway, the combinations of which I
denominate the differential railway, by substituting, for the gaso-pneumatic
enginesg,g, electro-maguetic engines, which may be used to put said impelling
wheels, which give motion to the metallic bands, ropes, or bars, before
described, in motion. And further, having shewn some of the methods by
means whereof I apply one of the said sources of motive power, to wit, electri-
city, and, amongst other things, described impelling engines in motion from
fixed points or stations, I further varymymethods,as well along commonroadsor
ways, along, over, or through common roads or ways and streets or places, and
to manufacturers' houses or buildings, in a like or similar manner as I have
already described them along railways and through fields, and, when so
applied for the purpose as in manner herein described for putting said impelling
engines on any similar impelling engines into motion for manufacturing pur-

page_text: poses.
In making such application of said motive force or influence, I form
on, along, over, or through, from stations as aforesaid properly established,
electric metallic circuits, and to and with the said engines, or any similar
constructed engines, placed along or in said ways, streets, places, buildings,
or manufactories, I unite said engines with said metallic circuit, and the
said battery or batteries at stations as aforesaid, which said battery or
batteries may be placed in any convenient situations as stations, and constitute
a part of said metallic circuit or circuits, and when so established put engin
apparatus, and machinery in motion in manner aforesaid.
Having now described the several combinations of methods and apparatus
by means whereof I apply said several motive powers or forces to the said
several uses herein described, I herein-after set forth and describe the operations
of all the applications successively, reference being had to the Drawings and
Figures applying to each subject herein, and in the said former Specification
described.
the
Firstly, Differential Railway. Operation:-Gas being supplied from said gas
stations, and fitting said mains along the whole line of railway, in which mains
the
gas may be under compression to any required degree, but say under a
pressure equal to a barometric pressure equal to several inches of mercury,
intersecting valves of the main, at the engines A and B, and at similar stations
along the line, being opened, gas will flow into the reservoirs of the engines, and
into the gas pump k, and through the supply pipe l, through the four-way
valve 0, 0, 0, 0, into one of the explosive cylinders M or M 1, when it will mix
with atmospheric air, and form an explosive mixture that may be ignited
through the holes under the slides i, i, of the globes, and will dilate and pass
through the branch ways h, h, on the opposite heads of the two pistons in
the cylinders g, g, Drawing No. 1. The 2 pistous will be forced in opposite
directions through the cylinders. The piston rods will give motion through
the connecting rods h, h, h, to the crank axles c,c,c, of the wheels b, which will
revolve to the metallic bands w, w, by their adhesion on the periphery of the
wheel b, with which the bands are kept in close contact by the adhesion rollers
i, i, i, the alternating actions of said pistons and connecting rods being con-
tinued by the working of said engine as described in said former Specification.
The metallic bands, bars, or ropes will be drawn along the double tracks of
railway between the pullies 9 and all along the line, which will put them in
motion on both tracks of railway, the lower one q in the line of direction of
the metallic band, and the upper one in a direction opposite to the line of
direction or motion of the band. When the compound pully rand s are
pressed down by any weight, so as to bring in contact with the band, and

page_text: when no weight presses upon the driving pully s of the compound pully, then
the before described springs lift all the compound pullies so high above the
band as not to be in contact with its upper surface, and in that case no motion
will be given to any of the compound pullies along a line of railway; but when
the pullies r of the compound pullies are pressed down in contact, and motion
is so given to them by the passing band w,then the pullies s being of twice the
diameter of the pullies r, the pully s will revolve, so that its periphery will
move through twice the space of the pullies r. Thus if the metallic band w
be moved in one direction, with a motion or speed of, say, eight miles an hour,
then the driving pullies s in contact with the band will move through spaces
with a velocity equal to twenty-four miles an hour. The revolution of the
wheels Bat the stations A, and at all the similar stations, will put the wheels
b,b,in operation at the station Cor similar stationsall along the line of railway.
The band which moves through the said trenches Lis kept properly stretched
at the points C or any similar points by the weights n, n, n, suspended in the
wells E, which act on the moveable frames at K at the points C, through the
medium of the chains a, a, connecting the frame and passing over the guide
pullies on the top of the wells, and which are reeved through the metal blocks
and pullies m. By means of clutches or any simple gearing either of the
sections of the band moving between the station A and station C, or that
section lying from station A in the opposite direction, may be put into or out of
motion by disconnecting or connecting the upper or lower wheels b, b. If,
now, on the double line of differential railway trains be placed on the up or
down line of the railway, the carriages of a train, or any required number of
them, having the adhesive flanged bars 1, 2, Drawing No. 1 A2, with their
connecting apparatus before described attached to them; the said bars 1 and 2,
or some of them, will be over the pullies s, or some of them. In order, now,
to start the trains and move them over the up and down lines of railway, by
turning the handle 7 on the pinion 6 round it will move the rack 5 on the
quadrangular lever 4, and cause it to move in the direction of the arrow near
it; this will cause the prop of the same lever 3,and its support 3 at the end of
the bar, to move in the opposite direction, and in the line of the arrows near
them, and cause the bar 1 to descend and press on to the driving pullies S.
If on a pully fixed on the pinion 6, a cord or wire be fixed so as to reach to
similar quadrangular levers 4, 4, attached to the other carriages of the train,
then when motion is given to the pinion 6 it will move the other levers 4, and
so bring the bars attached to them to bear on any of the other driving pullies S.
The cords may be attached and detached on changing carriages. The bars 1
may thus be pressed down to effect any degree of adhesion on the pullies S

page_text: consequent upon the weight of the carriage and the yielding of the springs
that support the carriage. But, if to effect greater adhesion between the bars 1
and pullies S on ascending inclined planes be required, then the lever of the
racket wheel 12 being moved backward and forward, causes the rod 8 to turn
the screw, which acts in the teeth of the screw pinion 10, and causes it to turn,
bringing down the excentric cams 11 to press the bar down with greater
force, and so any of the other bars in the train be pressed down in like manner.
When the band W is in motion, and moving in an opposite direction
to the moving train, the weight of the carriages overcoming the springs
that lift the pullies 2, s, from contact with the band, cause to descend
on w, the driving pullies S would be put into rapid motion, and rolling on
the bar 1 impels the train of carriages forward; some of the bars of the trains
will always be on some of the pullies S of the railway, and will be impelled
forward by them in like manner. When the bar of the forward carriage has
passed over one pully and approaches another pully S, the flexible steel bar
13 will touch the next pully, and, rolling over and pressing on it, will put it in
motion before the curved end of the bar 1 begins to move over it, and so on
for all other pullies in advance of a moving train. When a train is moving on
the up line in any section of the railway, another train or trains may be moved
on the down line of the railway by the same band on the same section of the
railway, and as the train passes the stations A or C, or any similar ones,
then the forward carriage, leaving the pullies acted upon by one band on one
section of a railway, runs on to the pullies S put in action by the band moved
on another section of railway, and so on along the whole line of railway. When
it is desired to stop a train the action of the handle 7 raises the bar 1 from
contact with pullies S, and by the cords leading to other levers 4 on the carriages,
raises all the bars 1, and the action of breaks in the common manner stops the
train. When action is given to the ratchet 12 and the rod S, it produces
pressure on the other bars of the carriages of the train by means of the
coupling jaws 9, which are in contact and that slide one in another. Opera-
tion: The gaso-pneumatic power to effect propulsion on canals, reference
being had to Drawing No. II., Figures 1, 2, 3. The gas main being filled
with gas from said gas stations, and the gas being under moderate pressure,
filling the mains all along the line of canal, and the intersecting valved of the
valve main B being opened, gas will flow into the valve main through the
hollow cavity of the tongue D, through the flexible tube P, and through
the pipe 3, connected with the reservoirs 2,2, in the boat E. In the reservoirs
are the flexible diaphragms described in the said former Specification. When
the explosive engines G, which is the same as the explosive enginedescribed in

page_text: the said former Specification, is brought into action, the gas from the reservoirs
2, 2, will flow, as before described. The explosion globes in which the explo-
sive mixture is formed and igniting will dilate as aforesaid, and will expand on
either side of the piston, whose rod will give motion to the connecting rod m,
and crank axle of the fly wheel F, and consequently to the pully o; this will
give motion to the cord acting around the pully o and pullies m, Figure 3, and
to the adhesion wheels 1, 1, Figure 2, which will cause the travelling wheels h, h,
to roll forward on the convex rail A and in moving will impel the boat E-
When the dynamic impeller advances on one of the valve mains B, and the
tongue enters the flexible valve, the dynamic impeller coming in contact with
the lever E, Figure 3, will move another lever E, and another lever on the
intersecting valve d. Whilst the tongue is passing through the flexible valve,
the
gas flows, as before, through the valve main B, and the flexible pipe P,
into the reservoir 2, 2, as before, thus supplying the reservoir with gas to keep
the engine in action until the dynamic impeller arrives at another valve main
along the line. When the tongue D has moved through the flexible valve, the
dynamic traveller acts upon the lever e on that end of the valve which it is
leaving, and so to the lever e at the other end of the valve through the wire
f to the intersecting valve which it closes, and so on through all the valves
along the line of canal. The pressure of the adhesion wheels 1, 1, can be
adjusted by their springs, which are pressed upon by a screw bolt to increase
the adhesion, and so the impelling power may be increased. In order to apply
one of said sources of motive power to impelling engines or machinery opera-
tion I use the locomotive gaso pneumatic engine described in said former
Specification and the Drawing No. 4 therein mentioned, reference being also
had to the Drawing No. 3, Figures 1, 2, 3, accompanying the present Specifi-
cation. I apply the use of the said engine, in combination with method and
apparatus, for the purposes of a fire engine. When the said fire engine is
required for the purpose lastaforesaid horses may be harnessed to the poleor
shaft on the frame b, near the wheel a, c, d, to drag it to the place of couflagra-
tion, on arriving at which place the flexible pipe before described is unwound
from the portable drum, one end is attached to one of the unions 14, on the
gas reservoir e, the other end should be taken to the nearest service pipe con-
nectel with the gas mains laid down in any public street or other place, or to
the fittings in any building, by a union screw or screws that will fit any of the
given diameters in the'ends of service pipes. A communication is thus formed
between any such gas mains or fittings and the fire engine, the public mains
being charged with gas, or the gas being let on, will flow from such said mains
or fittings to the gas reservoir e on the engine, and from it through the supply

page_text: ensue.
pipe l, and the four-way valve o, into the explosive globular chambers mm 1,
where it will mix with the atmosphere and form an explosive mixture. The
slide being then moved, and a light applied to the aperture under it, explo-
sion will take place in that chamber, and consequently dilation will ensue,
passing down through the ways h, h, to the opposite heads of the pistons in the
two cylinders g, g, will move the pistons and rods which give motion through
the connecting rods v, v, to the crank axle d1. Whilst explosion and dilation
is proceeding in the chamber m, the gas pump and air pump el being put
into action by the first stroke of the engine, forces regulated quantities of gas
and air through the supply pipe, through the passages of the four-way valve
o, to the chamber m 1, the slide i being open on that chamber by the action
of the lever q, and the lever 2 on the four-way valve being adjusted in its
passages from the chamber m 1 through the passages h, h, and the ways of the
cylinders g, g, being adjusted by the slides on the cylinders, which are regulated
by the eccentrics s, s, and their rods, dilation will now take place through the
ways h, h, to the opposite ends of the cylinders 9, g, when the pistons and rods
being thus continued in motion, which is communicated through the connect-
ing rods v to the crank axle as before, a continued action in the engine will
The fly wheels d2, d2, equalize the motion of the working parts of
the engine, and the pumps / and k 1, the pistons of which are acted upon by
their rods z, z, on the bent lever y, y, and so regulated quantities of explosive
mixtures are formed, and flow into m and ml in regulated quantities afore-
said, such regulation being measured by the action of the bent lever y, the
length whose motion is regulated by an eccentric z on the crank axle d 1,
and an adjusting slide and thumb screw moving in a rack on the lever y. On
one end of the frame of the engine I fix two single-acting force pumps 3, 4,
leading from the ends of which, into a tank 5, 5, suspended under the frame
of the engine, are waterways 6,6. On the force pumps are stuffing boxes 8, 8,
through which solid plungers 7, 7, work, each being connected with one end
of the piston rods of the cylinders g,g. In the ways 6, 6, there are common
clack or lifting valves. The action of the pistons g,g, putting the plungers 7,7,
in notion, water being in the tank 5, 5, will be drawn into the force pumps
and into the globular chamber g at each stroke of the pistons in the cylinder g.
The upper globe 11 is an air cham ber in which the air will be compressed by
the rising of the water into it, so as to induce a more continuous stream
through the branch pipes attached to the screws 10, 10, through which water
may be forced in large quantities. The bent lever x2, acting on the reversing
gear W, reverses the motion of the pistons and slide. The screws 13, 13, are
screwed down on to the ground to steady the action of the engine. In order

page_text: to apply one of the said sources of motive power referred to, to wit, steam
power, in combination with method and apparatus, reference being had to
Drawing No. IV., Fig. 1, 2. Operation:-In the canal boat I place a steam
engine which gives motion to the fly wheel G, and the pully d, and the cord
e, e, which, passing the impelling pullies, give motion to the adhesion impelling
wheels and a forward motion to the dynamic impellers a, a, a, which impel
the boat through or along the canal. In order that a single line of suspended
rail may suffice to impel vessels in opposite directions of the canal, I cause
one of the dynamic impellers to move over the curved rail on its upper surface
against the sides a, a, of which the adhesive travelling wheels act, to move the
one impeller over the other impeller, and so again on to the rail A. The
momentum with which the two impellers meet from opposite directions will
assist this action. The cord e of one of the boats, to wit, the cord acting on
the under impeller, should be slacked by shutting off the steam, stopping the
action of the fly wheel and pully, so that the other boat may pass over the slack
cord, the cord of the other boat being in motion whilst the upper impeller is
passing over the under impeller. Electro-magnetic force to impellingmachinery
for agriculture. Operation, reference being had to Drawing No. V. and Draw-
ing Va., and the letters of reference therein :-Iinduce chemical action in the
batteries placed at the stations A or A 1, and so generate electrical influence,
the force of which acting through the metallic circuit, established as aforesaid
between said stations, and the impelling engine D, through the mains b and the
vertical branches a, and the wires s, s, to the magnet or magnets of said rota-
tory engine or engines, or either of them, or any modification thereof, an electric
current passing through the metallic circuit aforesaid will put the impelling
engine in motion, will move D over or through fields, and put agricultural
implements in motion, such as or similar ones to those described in the said
former Specification. As the engine advances the drum, being put into action
by the gearing aforesaid, turns the drum, unwinds the insulated wires s,s, and
lays it off on the ground, and when the impelling engine reverses its action,
and returns towards the point of its departure, or near to where the wires s, s,
are attached in the box c of the brancha, the drum again winds on to it, these
said wires so before laid off on the ground. In order to stop the action of
the engine the metallic circuit is broken by the common methods, and again
established at will. When the impelling engine has operated for a given
distance along or near to one of the mains b, then I break contact of the
metallic circuit at the point of its said connexion, and remove the wires to a
corresponding connexion in any other of the boxes calong the line of mains;
and in order that the electric current may not be induced along to the point

page_text: so disconnected as aforesaid, I disconnect the said bent end of the wire of one
of the poles of the circuit by detaching the screw before mentioned; the box
then may be closed, and the ground filled in over it; and so I disconnect and
connect at all or any of the points c on the mains b, in any part or parts of
said fields or area, and so form at said points metallic circuits, and convey
electric currents from time to time. When the electro-maguetic force is applied
to prevent the collision of trains on railways, reference being had to Drawing
No. IX.and (Figure 1, No. 8,) elevation and Drawing (D and 9 plan. Opera-
tion The metallic circuit being established between the batteries at the
stations aforesaid and the electro-magnetic engine on the locomotive, through
the medium of the electro-magnetic coupling slide as aforesaid, chemical
action at said stations being induced, and electric currents or influence com-
municated along the sections of the rails, the electric current may be broken
and re-established all along the line at will at the spaces between the sections
along the line by well-known methods, and, therefore, when from any cause
whatever, arising from accident or otherwise, it is desired to stop a traiu or
trains, the batteries being at all times prepared and efficient, the persons
charged with the guarding of the railway may at any time establish a metallic
circuit between the electro-magnetic breaks aforesaid attach to the carriages,
or any of them, of a train, through the medium of the electro-magnetic
coupler, which is always in contact with the conducting wires and1, on
the wooden bars e, and sliding over and 1, the conducting wires leading
from the coupler h, h, leading to the poles of the wires round on the magnet,
which brings the flexible armature 2, Drawing Q, P, or armitures with which
a lever or levers acting on breaks are connected. The magnet in drawing the
armature 5, which is a flexible iron bar, one end at 6 fastened down at that
part of the magnet 7, and in contact with it, when the electric current is on
or passing through the magnets or helix, moves the lever attached to the
armature by flexible rods or cords or wires 1, 2, 3, 4, which brings the break
or breaks in contact with the wheels of carriages, and so stops the progress of
a train. As the magnet, when in action, is drawing the armature down upon
it by absolute contact of the armnature on the magnet, the lines, as it were, of
the armature, are lines at right angles with the length of the armature and
helix, the latter being about two feet six inches long and about six inches
wide, and the armature of the same length and width, and of about the eighth
of an inch in thickness. When it is desired to release the breaks from the
carriages, the conductors of a train may break the contact of the poles of
the wires leading to the magnet or magnets by any convenient means; but
when it is desired to prevent the collision of trains, then a battery may be

page_text: placed on the locomotive carriage D, Drawing No. IX. in elevation, and
No. IX. A, shewn on Drawing IX. A, at first train or other carriage of the
same train, the ends of the wires leading to the electro-magnetic coupler being
properly adjusted to the poles of a battery on the locomotive No. IX., the
electric current will pass from the battery through the coupling slide to the
wires and x 1,and so pass off along those wires along one of the said sections
along the railway. If, now, another train marked 2nd train, Drawing IX.and
IX. A, come upon the same section following train No. IX., then the coupler
h, h, of the second train being in contact with the wires and a 1 of the same
section, a metallic circuit will be established between the couplers of the two
trains from the battery of train No. LX. to the breaks of the second train, or
the train that has followed and arrived on the same section to the train No. IX.
The said second train will thus be stopped or impeded until the first train shall
have advanced into another section, when the space between the wires. 1 on
one section, and the wires x 1 on the other section, being broken by the wide
space between them, and the wires x 2 and x 3 being always broken at the
space and similar spaces, except when it is desired to stop a train from the
batteries at the stations aforesaid, the metallic circuit is broken, and can only
be again established by the second train again coming on the same section ou
which the first train may happen to be; thus the collision of trains may be
prevented when the metallic circuits between approaching trains are properly
formed between the battery of engine No. IX. and the coupling rod and break
on a second train. And further, when the electro-magnetic coupler is on the
engine of the second train, and the conducting wires m, m, lead to an
electro-magnetic machine on the top of an engine, as at d, Drawing
No. IX., from whence a cord, passing over a pulley on said electro-
magnetic machine, and passes over other pulley or pullies, whence a branch
cord from the cord on the pullies leads to the lever, first, on the whistle on the
engine, and, second, to a lever on the steam valve of the engine, then when
said second train comes upon the same section on which is the engine No. IX.,
and between the battery on No. IX., and the electro-maguetic coupler on the
engine of the second train are on the same section, and the metallic circuit
between said two engines is properly established, the current putting the
electro-magnetic engine on said second train in action, the pullies being
turned, the said branch cords will pull on the lever of the whistle, and opening
it will sound an alarm, and the further movement of the other branch cord
will act on the steam valve and shut off the steam. In the application of
one of said sources of power, namely, the electric power in any of its forms to
one of the things referred to, namely, the electro-magnetic engine, Drawing

page_text: No. X., reference being had to said Drawing, the principle of application
having already been shewn in its application by breaks of carriages on rail-
ways. Operation:-I effect as one of the common methods of generating said
source of power by inducing chemical action in commonly constructed bat-
teries B, B, from the poles of which batteries I lead conducting wires to the
pedestals C, C, in which they terminate in small masses of copper having
a smooth horizontal surface. From the poles of the wires wound on the
magnets h, h, h, h, on the frame a, a, a, a, I lead wires to four separate
masses of copper insulated from each other, and fixed on to the pedestals C, C,
at c, c, having similar horizontal surfaces near to the other corresponding
.masses of copper leading from the poles of the batteries, and placed in the
pedestals C, C, but made moveable in the following manner the masses so
far apart as completely to break metallic circuit; the masses of copper at the
termination of the wires leading from the poles of the battery are attached to the
lever 1 fixed on its fulcrum 2; at the opposite ends of the levers 1 are balls 3 of
greater weight than the masses at the termination of the wires; the masses
of copper at the termination of the wires leading from the magnets are
.attached as aforesaid to the levers 1 in such a manner as that the horizontal
surfaces of the masses leading from the poles to the batteries and magnets,
when brought in contact, shall coincide in all parts throughout their sur-
faces. The method of detaching and bringing in contact the masses of copper
connected with the batteries and magnets for breaking and reconnecting the
circuit is effected as follows:-The masses of copper at the termination of the
wires leading from the poles of the battery are raised and depressed by the
motion or action of the lever 1 to which they are attached, but the opposite
end of the lever being rendered heavier by the balls would tend to keep the
masses of copper at the termination of the wires leading from the batteries and
magnets always in contact. To effect a separation, I employ the following or
any other simple mechanical arrangement, that is, I put a spindle 4 in motion
round its axis by means of a band 5, or any other contrivance, passing over
pullies fixed on to the fly wheel shaft and spindle. On the spindle 4 I fix a cir-
cular cam, and to its periphery I fix what I denominate an electro-magnetic
hammer, by the end of its haudle 7, where it forms a hinge joint with the
periphery of the cam. By the circular motion of the spindle the cam is
turned round, and by its motion the hammer is drawn round the periphery of
the cam.
The handle of the hammer will rest upon the periphery of the cam
on the opposite side to where the masses of copper are placed; when the
spindle, in its circular motion towards the masses of copper, brings the hammer
beyond its centre of gravity on the side of the spindle next to the masses of

page_text: copper, it will fall with a stroke of its own gravity upon a projecting flange 9 of
the masses of copper that are undermost, or those leading from the poles of
the battery. The combined weights of the masses of copper and hammer
are heavier than the balls at the opposite end of the lever, hence the masses
of copper leading to the poles of the battery will be disconnected from those
that are fixed leading to the poles of the magnets, and thereby break
the connexion or metallic circuit. The length of the projecting flange and
hammer handle are so arranged as to permit the hammer to remain upon the
projecting flange for such length of time as shall be necessary to complete the
upward motion of that end of the working beam; when the beam is at the
top the hammer leaves the projecting flange, and the masses of copper aro
raised upwards by the counterbalancing balls, and brought in contact with
the masses leading to the poles of the magnets; so that by the arrangement
aforesaid, when the parts are properly arranged, the armatures suspended from
the beam of the engine may be thrown into and out of power at any desirable
and regulated periods. The flexible armature may be formed of thin laminated
plates lying on one another, so attached to the connecting rods P, P.P. P, as to
allow the plates to slide backwards and forwards upon each other, upon the
principle of a coach spring. The connecting rods p, p, p, p, are formed in
two or more parts. The upper parts 1, 2, are divided in such manner as to
allow the end of lower parts S, S, to pass up into the cavity of the divisions,
upon the principle of the tubes of a telescope. At the lower end of the divi-
sion of the upper part t, t, t, is a circular ring connecting the division of the
upper part through which the under part u, u, passes. Upon a sliding portion
of the under part of the connecting rods, as at u, v, v, v, are fixed a couple of
screw nuts; these nuts can be moved higher or lower, so as to lengthen or
shorten the connecting rods at pleasure, and so adjust them. The same
arrangements as herein-before described are made and connected with the
other end of the beam on the other side of the engine, which, when in action,
are so arranged as to produce an alternating motion, which is communicated
to the crank axle of the fly wheel by connecting rods, either by the method
herein-before described, or by the connecting rods K, K, a bell crank
action L. In order to apply the said source of motive power to the several
things herein-before described, namely, the electric force or influence by the
combination of method and apparatus before mentioned, I further apply the
said combination of method and apparatus, or some of them, to another one
of the things referred to in the title of my said Patent, namely, to illuminate
reflectors, or produce lights for lighting said railways or tunnels, or roads
or ways or streets, or buildings or mines. To that end 1 establish the

page_text: metallic circuits herein-before described, or similar ones, communicating with
batteries at similar stations or places as in manner before described, with
communicating metallic circuits which I lead along, through, or to any desired
places. At such places I construct and fix apparatus, into or through which
I pass the electric current or concentrate it by well-known common methods,
so as on or in said apparatus I affect by well known methods, or any variation
of them, what is termed an electric glow or brush, which glow or brush, or
sparks or heated surfaces, being placed in the focus of reflectors, yields rays
of light, and which reflectors being made to revolve by any of the impelling
apparatus herein-before described, produce revolving lights, which may be
used as night signals or signals in tunnels; or which glows being produced
by electric effect by known methods, hermetically sealed in glass globes, in
which may be placed air or gases or other substances which may be rarefied
or compressed, or in which gases may be generated to increase the illuminating
power of the said glow or brush, or sparks or heated surfaces, and which
globes orapparatus may be placed along roads, streets, buildings, or in mines
into which metallic wires as before arranged may be led and connected and
disconnected at fixed points, and to which the electric influence may be com-
municated from batteries or apparatus at stations aforesaid. Having in my
said former Specification in the valve main of the gaso-pneumatic railway
described a method of unsealing the valve by an electric wire therein described,
I further vary said method by attaching in the fore part of the locomotive
impelling engine, or on one of the carriages of a train, a metal bar of the form
when in elevation, of the metal bar shewn in elevation on the driving pulley s
of the differential railway, the bead being on the lower surface and tapering
to a thin edge. The bar being only two inches high, one half inch thick, and
tapering to one eighth of an inch on the lower edge on which it is rounded,
being then placed on the carriage in advance of the tongue, the lower edge
laying along the edge of the valve, and on the cemented surface into which
it is slightly pressed, as seen in Figure C, C, C, sectional view, and at c, c,
then being brought in communication with an electric battery, the bar c will
be heated and the cement will be softened under its contact while moving
along the valve.
CLAIM.
Having set forth and described my methods of applying motive power or
force or forces to the engines, apparatus, machinery, and the several things
and circumstances, and shewn and described their various applications and
uses, I claim the various applications to the uses herein-before mentioned and
set forth, and the various methods of combinations; and although the varied

page_text: LYNCH.
combinations of methods and apparatus, works and machinery, may be varied in
mechanical arrangements,proportions, or quantities, to effect the objects or uses
herein described, I claim the general arrangements of the methods herein de-
scribed and combinations aforesaid making up the differential railway described
and shewn in the Drawings No. 1 and 1 A,and the methods and combinations
making up the gaso-pneumatic power on canals, shewn and described in
Drawing No. II., and the method and application making up the fire engine
described and shewn in drawings No. III., Figures 1, 2, 3, and the
method of taking up their source of power from public mains or pipes; and
I claim the combinations of method and apparatus making up the impelling
steam power on canals, described and shewn in Drawing No. IV. I claim the
combination,method, and apparatus described and shewn in Drawing No. V.;
and I claim the combination of method and apparatus described and shewn
in Drawing No. V. A; and I claim the combination of method and apparatus
described and shewn in Drawing No. VI., referred to in other Drawings,
and the combination of method and apparatus described and shewn in
Drawing No. VII., and the other Drawings relating thereto marked
No. VIII.; and I claim the combinations of method and apparatus described
in Drawings No. IX. and No. IX. A; and I claim the combinations of method
and apparatus described and shewn in Drawing No. X.; and I claim the
combinationsof method and apparatusherein described for putting said engines
or similar engines in operation in manufactoriesorplaces for manufacturing pur-
poses; and I claim the combination of method and apparatushereindescribed for
applying said electrical currents or influence for the purpose of lighting places.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Pinkius have hereuntoset my hand
and seal, the Twenty-fourth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-one.
H. (1.s.) PINKUS.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-fourth day of March, in
the fourth year of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, the said Henry
Pinkus came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknow-
ledged the Instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained
and specified, in form above written. And also the Instrument aforesaid
was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made in the fifty-fifth
year of the reign of His late Majesty King George the Third.
Inrolled the Twenty-fourth day of March, One thousand eight hundred