Improvements in the Manufacture of Paper or Caruwvaru DUAUD WITH in Machinery or Apparatus Employed in the said Manufacture.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Oct., 1886
Complete Left, 9th July, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 9th Aug., 1887
Improvements in the Manufacture of Paper or Caruwvaru DUAUD WITH
in Machinery or Apparatus Employed in the said Manufacture.
I ALFRED FREDERICK BIRD of Nos. 63, 64 and 65 Moor Street Birmingham in
the County of Warwick Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this Invention
to be as follows:-
My improvements have reference principally to paper or cardboard boxes of the
kind described represented and claimed in the complete specification of Letters Patent
granted to me dated the fifth day of February 1885 No. 1612. But my improvements
are also. applicable to paper or cardboard boxes made in other ways.
I will describe my invention with reference to boxes of the kind described and
represented in the complete specification of the patent I have referred to.
A box of the kind referred to is made of a piece of paper or cardboard tube closed
at one end by a fixed cap which forms the bottom of the box. The cover of the box-
consists of a similar cap capable of being removed. The fixed bottom and loose lid
of the box fitting on the ends of the tube constituting the body of the box give to the
covered box a larger diameter at top and bottom than at intermediate parts.
The object of my present invention is to give the covered box the same or nearly
the same diameter throughout. This I effect by slightly expanding the greater part
of the body of the box leaving the top and bottom portions on which the fixed bottom
and loose cover fit of the original diameter so that when the bottom is fixed and the
loose cover is placed on the box the diameter shall be the same or nearly the same
from bottom to top.
The machinery by which the expansion of the body may be conveniently effected
is constructed as follows:-
To the spindle of a turning lathe I attach a plate carrying a mould cylindrical
without but having within the configuration which it is desired to give to the body
of the box. In the bottom of the said mould, that is, the part connected to the plate
described is a deep groove of a size suitable for the reception of so much of one end
of the paper or cardboard tube as it is desired to retain of the original diameter. The
mouth of the mould is contracted to the size of the tube of paper or cardboard to be

page_text: operated upon this contracted mouth preserving the end of the tube occupying it of its
original size. This contracted part at the mouth of the mould is removeable for the
purpose of permitting of the withdrawal of the expanded body from the mould. The
said part may be attached and removed by a screwing action or by a bayonet joint
fastening. Carried by the bed of the lathe is a roller of less diameter than the
mouth of the mould. This roller is provided with gearing by which it is introduced
into the paper or cardboard tube in the rotating mould and pressed against the side
of the said tube and passed backwards and forwards until all the unsupported parts
of the tube have been pressed into contact with the mould.
The tube of paper
The machinery or apparatus is used in the following manner.
or cardboard to be operated upon is introduced into the mould the rear end or end
first introduced entering the groove at the bottom of the mould. The contracted
front of the mould is put into its place at the mouth of the mould the front end of the
tube engaging in a groove in the said contracted part. The tube of paper or cardboard
is thus supported at both ends. The mould containing the said tube is set into a rapid
rotation by means of the lathe and the roller described is introduced into the tube and
made to operate on the paper or cardboard tube in the manner already described. The
paper or cardboard tube is thus expanded until it has acquired the diameter of the
interior of the mould. When the expansion is complete the workman withdraws
the roller and removing the contracted front of the mould withdraws the body of the
box thus made. A second tube of paper or cardboard being introduced into the mould
the contracted front is replaced and the operations described repeated.
Dated this Twenty third day of October 1886.

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Paper or Cardboard Boxes and
in Machinery or Apparatus Employed in the said Manufacture.
I ALFRED FREDERICK BIRD of Nos. 63, 64 and 65 Moor Street, Birmingham in
the County of Warwick, Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of my Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My improvements have reference principally to paper or cardboard boxes of the
kind described represented and claimed in the complete specification of Letters Patent
granted to me dated the fifth day of February 1885 No. 1612. But my improvements
are also applicable to paper or cardboard boxes made in other ways.
I will describe my invention with reference to boxes of the kind described and
represented in the complete specification of the patent I have referred to.
A box of the kind referred to is made of a piece of paper or cardboard tube closed
at one end by a fixed cap which forms the bottom of the box. The cover of the box
consists of a similar cap capable of being removed. The fixed bottom and loose lid
of the box fitting on the ends of the tube constituting the body of the box give to the
covered box a larger diameter at top and bottom than at intermediate parts.
The object of my present invention is to give the covered box the same or nearly
the same diameter throughout. This I effect by slightly expanding the greater part
of the body of the box leaving the top and bottom portions on which the fixed bottom
and loose cover fit of the original diameter so that when the bottom is fixed and the
loose cover is placed on the box the diameter shall be the same or nearly the same
from bottom to top.
The machinery by which the expansion of the body may be conveniently effected is
constructed as follows:-To the spindle of a turning lathe I attach a plate or chuck
carrying a mould conical or cylindrical without but having within the configuration
In the bottom of the said mould,
which it is desired to give to the body of the box.
that is, the part connected to the plate described is a deep groove of a size suitable for
the reception of so much of one end of the paper or cardboard tube as it is desired to
retain of the original diameter. The mouth of the mould is contracted to the size of
the tube of paper or cardboard to be operated upon this contracted mouth preserving
the end of the tube occupying it of its original size. This contracted part at the
mouth of the mould is removable for the purpose of permitting of the withdrawal of
the expanded body from the mould. The said part may be attached and removed by
a screwing action or by a bayonet joint fastening. Carried by the bed of the lathe
is a roller of less diameter than the mouth of the mould. This roller is provided with
gearing by which it is introduced into the paper or cardboard tube in the rotating
mould and pressed against the side of the said tube and passed backwards and
forwards until all the unsupported parts of the tube have been pressed into contact with
the mould.

page_text: I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawing the
manner in which my invention is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in longitudinal section the paper or cardboard tube from which
the body of the box is formed before the said tube has been operated upon by the
machinery or apparatus constituting part of my invention and Figure 2 represents in
longitudinal section the said tube after it has been operated upon by the machinery or
apparatus so as to expand the greater part of the tube leaving the end parts of the
original size or diameter. The expanded part or body of the tube is marked a and the
end parts of the original size or diameter are marked b and c.
Figure 3 represents a finished box made according to my invention the said box
consisting of the expanded body part a and the contracted end parts b and c, the fixed
cap d forming the bottom of the box and the loose lid or cover e, the said fixed cap d
and loose cover e being fitted upon the contracted end parts b, c of the body a as
represented. A box is thus formed having the same diameter or nearly the same
diameter from bottom to top.
Figure 4 represents in longitudinal section and Figure 5 in end elevation the
essential parts of the machinery or apparatus which I use for expanding the body
of the box.
f is the mould in which the tube of paper or cardboard is operated upon. This
mould is fixed by screwing or otherwise to the chuck g which chuck g is fixed by its
shank or tubular part h to the spindle of the lathe or machine so that a rapid rotatory
motion can be given to the said mould f. The bottom i of the rotating mould fis
capable of sliding in the mould to suit boxes of different lengths to be made. In the
said adjustable bottom of the mould f is a deep annular groove k suitable for
the reception of one end of the paper or cardboard tube Figure 1 which end retains
its original diameter.
The adjustable bottom i of the rotating mould is screwed to the end of the screwed
rod and by means of the lock nuts at n the position of the said bottom in the mould
can be determined according to the length of the box to be made. The rod lis
prolonged outwards, the prolonged part constituting a handle m by pressing upon
which the movable bottom i can be pushed towards the mouth of the mould for
ejecting therefrom the expanded body of the box; p is the removable mouth
of the mould consisting of a ring fixed in the mouth of the mould by screwing.
The said removable mouth or ring p is furnished with an annular groove 9 for
receiving the outer end of the paper or cardboard tube which end retains its original
diameter. In order to facilitate the removal and replacement of the screwed ring p
portions of the said ring and the mouth of the mould f are cut away at opposite parts
and the screwed ring is introduced by a sliding motion into the mouth of the mould
and by a twisting motion the said ring is made to engage with the screwed part of
the mould and thereby fix the ring or removable mouth in its place.
is the pressing roller, the rods of which is fixed to the cross slide of the slide rest of
the lathe or machine. The said slide rest is substantially the same as that used with an
ordinary lathe. The roller carried by the slide rest is advanced into the paper tube
in the rotating mould and the required backward and forward motion given to it by the
traversing motion of the slide rest, the movement of the slide rest being effected by hand
and the said roller is pressed against the side of the paper tube by the movement of
the cross slide of the rest operated by hand.
The tube of paper
The machinery or apparatus is used in the following manner.
or cardboard to be operated upon is introduced into the mould f, the rear end or
end first introduced entering the groove k in the movable bottom of the mould.
The removable front or ring p of the mould is then screwed into its place at the
mouth of the mould the front end of the tube engaging in the groove q in the said
front or ring p. The tube of cardboard or paper is thus supported at both ends.
The mould containing the said tube is set into a rapid rotation by means of the
lathe spindle and the roller is introduced into the tube and made to operate on the
fixed paper or cardboard tube in the manner already described, that is, the roller r
having been adjusted against the side of the paper tube, the said roller has a traversing

page_text: or backward and forward motion given to it for pressing the unsupported parts of
the tube into contact with the interior of the rotating mould f. The paper or cardboard.
tube is thus expanded until it has acquired the diameter of the interior of the mould
leaving the ends of the tube of the original diameter as seen in Figure 2. When the
expansion is complete the workman withdraws the roller r and removes the front p of
the mould. By now pressing forward the handle m the movable bottom i of the
mould acting as a piston or pusher out ejects the box from the mould. A second tube
of paper or cardboard being introduced into the mould the removable front is replaced
and the operations described repeated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention and
the manner in which the same is to be performed I declare that 1 claim as my invention of
Improvements in the manufacture of paper or cardboard boxes and in machinery or
apparatus employed in the said manufacture."
66
First Making the tubular body of the box by expanding the greater part of the
said body leaving the top and bottom parts on which the fixed bottom and loose cover
fit of the original diameter so that when the bottom is fixed and the loose cover is
fitted on the body of the box the diameter shall be the same or nearly the same from
top to bottom substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawing.
Secondly-The construction and combination of the parts of machinery or apparatus
herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing for expanding
in the manner described the tubular body of the box.
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