IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE SHOES, AND IN APPLIANCES FOR SETTING THEM
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Williams Box, of Crayford, and Francis John
Beadle, of Erith, both in the County of Kent, for an Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE SHOES, AND IN APPLIANCES FOR SETTING
THEM
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Williams Box and
Francis John Beadle at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
8th September 1880.
WILLIAM WILLIAMS Box, of Crayford, and FRANCIS JOHN BEADLE, of Erith,
both in the County of Kent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE SHOES, AND IN
APPLIANCES FOR SETTING THEM,"
According to this Invention we form the under or tread side of a horse shoe with
calks or projecting pieces, and we form taper holes through such calks, the larger
end being at the upper side; in these holes we place wearing pieces of hard metal,
such as hardened steel or chilled iron, and we then rivet the metal of the shoe
down over them, thus retaining them in place; the shoes may for the convenience
of rivetting be formed with burrs on the upper side round the holes or with shallow
recesses closely round the holes. The wearing pieces may be flush with the under-
side of the calks or project slightly below the same. For frosty weather the
wearing pieces are made pointed and projecting, but when these points have been
worn down by use the wearing pieces will be flush with the calks, as in the case of
ordinary wearing pieces. We may use one central calk in front, two calks near
the front and two or more at the back; we sometimes have, say, one more calks on
one side than on the other to meet the case of horses wearing their shoes
irregularly, or the calks may be placed unsymmetrically for the same purpose.
The shoes are made of malleable cast iron, or stamped wrought iron, or stamped
or cast steel, and are fitted and fixed to the hoofs cold. We make the shoes in
many sizes or numbers, so as to suit them as near as possible to all sizes and forms
of hoofs; but in order the more accurately to fit them to the hoofs we use a tool or
appliance for opening or closing them to a slight extent when required. We place
the shoe to be set on or around a mandril or die, the shank of which is in a bed-
plate, and we fix the horse shoe thereto by a screw with a head or clip embracing

page_text: a portion of the front of the shoe, and we close the ends or heel parts of the shoo
by means of two jaws on a right and left hand screw; the jaws may be guided on
or in the bedplate on which the parts are mounted or by a guide bar. To open
the heel parts of the shoe the jaws are placed between them, and then forced apart
against the heel pieces by turning the screw in the opposite direction.
The head or clip against the front of the shoe may be removable, and other clips
put in to suit the size of the different shoes.
The mandril or die is taper to suit different sizes of shoes, or mandrils of different
sizes may be inserted.
with a
Instead of a right and left hand screw we may use an ordinary screw,
wedge head for opening the heel parts of the shoe and with a V shaped die for
closing them.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Williams Box and Francis John Beadle in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 8th March 1881.
WILLIAM WILLIAMS Box, of Crayford, and FRANCIS JOHN BEADLE, of Erith,
both in the County of Kent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE SHOES AND IN
APPLIANCES FOR SETTING THEM."
According to this Invention we form the under or tread side of a horse shoe with
calks or projecting pieces, and we form taper holes through such calks, the larger
end being at the upper side; in these holes we place wearing pieces of hard metal,
such as hardened steel or chilled iron, and we then rivet the metal of the shoe
down over them, thus retaining them in place; the shoes may for the convenience
of rivetting be formed with burrs on the upper side round the holes or with
shallow recesses closely round the holes. The wearing pieces may be flush with
the underside of the calks, or project slightly below the same. For frosty weather
the wearing pieces are or may be made pointed and projecting, but when these
points have been worn down by use the wearing pieces will be flush with the calks,
as in the case of ordinary wearing pieces. We may use ono central calk in front,
two calks near the front, and two or more at the back; we sometimes have, say,
one more calk on one side than on the other to meet the case of horses wearing
their shoes irregularly, or the calks may be placed unsymmetrically for the same
purpose.
The shoes are made of malleable cast iron, or stamped wrought iron, or stamped
or cast steel, and are fitted and fixed to the hoofs cold. We make tho shoes in
many sizes or numbers, so as to suit them as near as possible to all sizes and forms
of hoofs, in order the more accurately to fit them to the hoofs we use a tool or
appliance for opening or closing them to a slight extent when required. We place
the shoe to be set on or around a mandril or die, the shank of which is in a bed-
plate, and we fix the horse shoe thereto by a screw with a head or clip embracing
a portion of the front of the shoe, and we close the ends or heel parts of the shoe
by means of two jaws on a right and left hand screw; the jaws may be guided on
or in the bed plate on which the parts are mounted or by a guide bar. To open
the heel parts of the shoe, the jaws are placed between them and then forced apart
against the heel pieces by turning the screw in the opposite direction.
The head or clip against the front of the shoe may be removable, and other clips
put in to suit the size of the different shoes.
The mandril or die is taper to suit different sizes of shoes, or mandrils of different
sizes may be inserted.
Instead of a right and left hand screw we may use an ordinary screw, with a
wedge head for opening the heel parts of the shoe and with a V shaped die for
closing them.
And in order that our Invention may be more readily understood, we will
proceed to describe the same with reference to the accompanying Drawings.
Figure 1 is a plan of the underside, and Figure 2 is an end view of a shoe
constructed according to our Invention; is the shoe proper; b, the projections
thereon, serving not only as wearing pieces but also as sockets for the calks c.
The calks c are made taper, that is to say, they are of a larger sectional area
at the top than at the bottom, the lesser surface serving as the wearing calk.
In the preparation of these shoes (previous to their being applied to the horses
hoofs) the sockets bare fitted with calks c of a convenient shape, which to a certain
extent may depend on the state of the weather. In frosty weather more parti-
cularly the calks c should project beyond the surface of the sockets b, and may be
flat, roughened, or pointed on the treading surface.

page_text: The calks care maintained and secured in their respective projecting sockets,
preferably as shown at Figures 3 and 4. a is the shoe; b, the socket projecting
from the underside of the shoe a, and c the calk therein. When this method is
adopted the shoes on their upper side which fits against the hoof are provided
with burrs b' surrounding the holes, which when the calk c has been inserted are
hammered down over the said calk c and flush, or nearly so, with the upper surface
of the shoe.
Figure 3 shows the calk c inserted in its socket b, and Figure 4 shows it secured,
that is, with the burr (that was) hammered down over the calk.
It is preferable that these calks at their larger end should be of a somewhat
conoidal shape, that is, the sharp edges taken off, as shown at c', which serves to
strengthen the rivetting to a considerable extent, and to prevent the possibility of
the calk being driven through the shoe and into the hoof.
This way of securing the calks is specially suited to shoes of this description
which are stamped out of steel or wrought iron, but more so still to a cheaper shoe,
such as that shown at Figure 5, which is a plan of the underside, and Figure 6,
which is a front view of a shoc made of malleable cast iron and annealed, which
have been found to give most satisfactory results, not only that, but when they are
made of this metal the projecting sockets can be stiffened by gusset flanges a¹
and chamfered down on to the shoe proper, and, as shown, giving additional rigidity
-to the projecting sockets, and also as they are worn presenting an additional
wearing surface; Figure Ga shows in side elevation an additional flange clip in
front of the two side calks or projecting sockets on the upper part of shoe, so that
as the shoes become worn and present a somewhat smooth face there will be no fear
of breaking by reason of the sockets or holes.
It is not absolutely essential that a shoe of this form and construction should
be made only of malleable cast iron, as it may be made of wrought iron or steel,
but it is not necessary, as these metals are so strong that the projecting sockets b
would not require the aid of the stiffeners a', as shown at Figure 5, besides making
a considerable expense in the formation of dies and difficulty of forging, henco our
reasons for preferring the before described motal for such a shoe.
The before described manner of securing the calks c in their sockets b may be
adopted in this shoo, although it may be by a plate of metal or other hard
substance or material.
Figure 7 is a plan of the upper surface of a shoe constructed according to this
arrangement, and Figure 8 a front view. a is the shoe; b, the projecting sockets;
c, the calks, and e the plate by which the calks c are held in their place, the plate
being secured to the shoe proper by screws or rivets f. In this manner the
animal's hoof fits on and against this plate e
The shoes are provided with several nail holes, as shown, although they may
be more or less in number, but there is an advantage in having a number of nail
holes, as shown, for this reason, that shoes of the construction shown will last a
long and indefinite time, and as we are led to suppose that the shoes must neces-
sarily bo removed a definite and prearranged time, by reason of the growth of
the hoof, it is no reason why fresh or new shoes should be substituted, but on
replacing the shoe, such as shown, after the hoof has been pared and trimmed, by
the use of a number of holes there is a possibility of utilizing the previous boles in
the animal's hoof without driving the nails in fresh places, or the shoes when
removed may be transferred to the other foot.
The number of projecting sockets and calks may be any convenient number,
although we prefer to use one in the front of a comparatively large size, and one
on each side near to the front, and two others at the rear of a smaller size. The.
object of having a greater number at the front is because that is the part which
is most exposed.
It will be seen that as the pieces or calks c and projecting sockets b wear away
a larger wearing surface is presented, and without any four of the calks becoming
loose and falling out by sudden jars or otherwise.

page_text: The tool we employ for opening and closing shoes of this construction so as to
ensure a more accurate fit to the hoof is illustrated on Sheet 2 of the accompanying
Drawings.
Figure 9 is a plan, and Figure 10 a front view partly in section; Figure 11 is
a diagram which will be referred to hereafter.
a is the shoe of the construction before described placed around a mandril A and
held firm thereto by the clamp B and screw C.
D and E are jaws provided with female thread and working on their respective
right and left hand threads on the shaft F.
By turning the handle G in one direction the ends of the shoe are brought
nearer together, as shown in Figures 9 and 10, but in Figure 11 the jaws are
acting on the inner sides of the shoe for opening them, in both cases, however, in
such a manner as not to affect the shape of the fore part of the shoe by reason of
the mandril A and clamp B. The shoes are by this micans shaped to a degree of
exactness and nicety compared with the usual method adopted by shoeing smiths,
videlicit, by hammering them on the beak of an anvil.
Another means of closing the hind part of the shoe as compared with the device
shown at Figures 9 and 10 is shown in dotted lines in Figure 9, where his a
V piece actuated by the screw i, but a separate block is required for opening them,
as shown in dotted lines at Figure 11.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim,—
The formation of under or tread surface of horse and other similar shoes with
projecting sockets having wearing calks inserted therein and secured to the shoe,
substantially as sot forth; also in connection therewith apparatus for closing or
opening the shoes, substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Williams Box, for myself and on
behalf of tho said Francis John Beadle, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Seventh day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty one.