CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSES FOR THE EXPRESSION OF OIL AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1864

page_text: Sealed the 26th April 1864, and dated the 29th January 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Marshall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
January 1864.
I, JOHN MARSHALL, of No. 126, Pentonville Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil and Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSES FOR THE EXPRESSION
OF OIL AND OTHER FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
.
-
1. I prefer to use a press worked by water or other fluid power, with a
vessel or chamber fixed to or resting upon the ram-head. Within this ran
(herein-after called the main ram) I place a smaller ram (herein-after called
the inner-ram), carrying upon the head thereof a suitable straining or filtering
apparatus (herein-after called the strainer), which inner ram-head is made to
fit and work within the vessel or chamber carried upon the main-ram.
Attached to or forming part of the head of the press is a suitable projection
made likewise to work within the said vessel or chamber. Thus if the vessel
or chamber be charged with any oil or fluid-yielding substance or matter, the
main ram will, upon application of the motive power, carry the said vessel or
chamber into pressing contact with the projection on the press-head, and
[Price 8d.]

page_text: thereby express through the strainer (carried by the inner-ram) any oil or
fluid from the substance or matter contained in the said vessel or chamber,
leaving the cake or other residuum behind in the vessel or chamber.
2. In order to discharge this cake or other residuum, I simply release the
pressure, allowing the main ram (carrying the vessel or chamber) to return
to its former position, when by throwing the pressure upon the inner-ram
(carrying the strainer) the said cake or other residuum is thereupon forced
out by the passage of the said inner-ram through the vessel or chamber.
3. I do not, however, confine myself to the use of one vessel or chamber
only, but in case I should work two or more such vessels or chambers I form
a suitable projection, similar to that on the press-head, on the bottom of each
vessel or chamber, so that the projection on the bottom of the one may press
into the top of the other, against the substance or matter therein contained,
and so on to the last vessel or chamber in immediate contact with the
projection on the head of the press, each of the said projections formed on the
bottoms of the said vessels or chambers containing within itself a separate ram,
carrying upon its head a strainer, similar and acting in a similar manner to
the inner-ram and strainer described in Clause 2.
4. I likewise use a large main ram, carrying two or more vessels or
chambers, supported upon bases, each such base containing within itself a
separate ram and strainer, similar and acting in a similar manner to the inner-
ram and strainer described in Clause 2, the said vessels or chambers being
carried into pressing contact with corresponding projections on the press head,
or with corresponding projections formed on the bottoms of other vessels or
chambers, so as to act the one within and upon the other, as described in
Clause 3.
Neither do I limit myself to any particular mode of working the press,
whether horizontal, vertical, stationary, shifting, or otherwise; nor to hydraulic
or other fluid power, as in some cases I might prefer the pressure of the
inclined plane, and obtain similar or equal results by means of screws instead
of rams.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Marshall in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
7th July 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN 3
MARSHALL, of No. 126, Pentonville Road, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
aud Mechanical Engineer, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year
of Her reign, did, for Herself. Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said John Marshall, Her special licence that I, the said John
Marshall, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I.
the said John Marshall, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man. an Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSES FOR THE EXPRESSION OF OIL AND OTHER
FLUIDS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I. the said John Marshall.
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Marshall, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, that is
to say:
My Invention consists in the construction and employment of presses, as
herein-after described, that is to say, I construct presses worked by water or
other fluid power with a vessel or chamber fixed to or resting upon the ram
head. Within this ram (hereinafter called the main ram) I place a
small ram (herein-after called the inner ram), carrying upon the head thereof
a straining or filtering apparatus (herein-after called the strainer), which
inner ram head is made to fit and work within the vessel carried upon the
main ram.
Attached to or forming part of the head of the press is a fixed
piston made likewise to work within the said vessel; thus, if the vessel be
charged with any oil or fluid-yielding substance, the main ram will, upon
application of the motive power, carry the said vessel or chamber into pressing
contact with the piston on the press head, and thereby express through the
strainer carried by the inner ram any oil or fluid that may be contained in the
substance held in the said vessel, leaving the cake or other residuum behind
in the vessel.
In order to discharge this cake or other residuum, I simply

page_text: release the pressure, allowing the main ram carrying the vessel to return to
its former position, when by throwing the pressure upon the inner ram carry-
ing the strainer the said cake or other residuum is forced out by the passage
of the said inner ram through the vessel.
I do not confine myself to the use of one vessel only, but when I work two
or more such vessels I form a piston similar to that upon the press head on
the bottom of each vessel, so that the piston on the bottom of the one may
press into the top of the other against the substance therein contained, and so
on to the last vessel in immediate contact with the piston on the head of the
press; each of the said pistons formed upon the bottoms of the said vessels
contains within itself a separate ram carrying upon its head a strainer, similar
and acting in a similar manner to the inner ram and strainer, as herein-before
described.
It may sometimes be convenient to use a large main ram carrying two or
more vessels supported upon bases, each such base containing within itself a
separate ram and strainer, similar and acting in a similar manner to the inner
ram, herein-before described. The said vessels are carried into pressing
contact with corresponding pistons on the press head, or with corresponding
pistons formed on the bottoms of other vessels, so as to act the one within and
upon the other, as before described; but in practice I prefer the arrangement
I have first described, and which will be more completely understood by refer-
ence to the Drawings. In these Drawings, shewing the manner in which my
Invention may be carried into practical effect, like letters are intended to
denote similar parts.
Figure 1, Sheet 1, is a front elevation of a press constructed according to
my Invention; Figure 2, Sheet 1, is a side elevation of the same; Figure 3,
Sheet 2, is a vertical centre section on a line taken through the press from side
to side; Figure 4, Sheet 2, is a vertical centre section on a line taken through
the press from front to back; Figure 5, Sheet 3, is a section through the
inner ram head and straining apparatus on an enlarged scale; Figure 6,
Sheet 3, is a plan of the inner ram head with the straining apparatus
removed; Figure 7, Sheet 3, is a plan of the channel plate; Figure 8, Sheet 3,
is a plan of the concentric rings or bed of strainer; Figure 9, Sheet 3, is an
elevation of the distance pieces attached to the concentric rings.
A is the cylinder of the main ram of the hydrostatic press; B, the main
ram; C, the press head; D, the columns; E, E¹, the vessels containing the
substance to be pressed; F, the guide bars, up and down which the vessels
E. E', slide; G. G, are plates embracing the columns upon which the
vessel E¹ rests when the pressure is not applied: H, H. are projections cast

page_text: on or attached to the vessel E', which projections resting upon the plates
G, G, keep the vessel E' suspended; I is a piston attached to the press
head C, which is made to pass into and accurately fit the vessel E¹: K is a
taper plug fitting into the conically-chambered end of the piston I; L is a
piston projecting down from the vessel E' similar in external form to the
piston I; M is a taper plug similar to K; N is a hydraulic ram working
within the main ram, the head of which ram N is made to slide through and
accurately fit the vessel E. The head of this inner ram is chambered out, as
shewn in plan at Figure 6. Two concentric grooves 0. O. are formed in the
said inner ram head. having passages of communication P with each other,
and also passages Q leading from the groove O' to the outside of the inner
ram head. A concentric groove R is formed on the main ram head, having
an outward communication through the passage S; within the inner ram head
is placed a channel plate T, shewn in plan at Figure 7, having grooves U cut
upon its surface, with holes V leading from the grooves U into the concentric
grooves O and 0'; W is a series of deep concentric rings shewn in plan at
Figure 8, having a small space X between them, and with distance pieces Y.
Figure 9. rivetted or otherwise attached to them, so as to keep the rings Wat
an even distance apart. In substitution for these concentric rings, I some-
times use a metal coil or a metal grating, or a series of horizontal or vertical
metal bars with spaces between them. Z is a strainer or filter composed of
one or more dises or layers of metal guaze, perforated metal, textile or pirous
fabric, or other straining or filtering material, which discs or layers may be all
of the same material, or of different materials combined, and laid singly
alternately or otherwise, and resting upon the concentric rings W before
described. These rings and dises or layers and channel plate constitute what
I have termed the strainer. a is a ram fitted with a strainer or filter in all
respects similar to the inner ram N, before described, working with the
piston L, attached to the vessel E', and the head of which ram accurately fits
the vessel last mentioned; b is a telescopic pipe, by means of which the fluid
used in giving the pressure by the force pumps is conducted from stops c to the
inner ram N, so as to admit of the rising of the ram B without breaking the
connection; d is a handle by which the stops c are worked; e is a telescopic
pipe by means of which the fluid used in giving the pressure by the force
pumps is conducted from the stops to the ram a, so as to admit the piston I.
and vessel E to rise without breaking the connection; g is a handle by which
the stops are worked.
The mode of operation is as follows, videlicet:-A strainer or filter Z.
composed, as before described, is placed upon the concentric rings W in the

page_text: inner ram nead or each vessel.
The vessels are then charged with ine
substance from which the oil or other liquid is to be expressed, the stops
communicating with the main ram cylinder A are opened, and the ram B rises,
lifting the vessel E until the piston L enters the said vessel, when the pressure
exerted exceeding that due to the weight of the vessel E' lifts the latter
off the bearing plates G until the piston I on the press head enters the
same and compresses the substance therein contained. Upon continuing the
pressure the taper plug K is forced into the conical chamber of the piston I,
thereby expanding the thin edge thereof into intimate contact with the sides
of the vessel E', whilst the outermost of the concentric rings W is forced into
the conical chamber of the ram head 4, expanding its edge against the sides of
the vessel E. The fluid matter being unable to pass either the ram head a
or the piston I is driven through the strainer Z and the space X between the
concentric rings W into the grooves U in the plate T. whence it passes through
the holes V into the concentric grooves O and 0 in the ram head a, and finally
through the passages P and Q into the groove R and out at S. from whence
it may be conveyed by a connecting pipe to any tank or reservoir. In order
to withdraw the cake of solid or concrete matter remaining after the pressure
from the vessels E and E', I release the pressure on the main ram D which
immediately descends, bringing down with it the vessel E. and allowing the
vessel E¹ to rest upon the bearing plates G. I now open the stops at c by
turning the handle d, when the hydrostatic power is admitted from the force
pumps through the telescopic pipe beneath the inner ram N. which thereupon
rises to a level with the top of the vessel E, carrying the concrete and
residuary matters before it. Upon arriving at the top of the vessel E the
handle d is reversed, and the concrete and residuary matters are moved from
the strainer Z on the top of the inner ram N, which then returns to its former
position, carrying the straining apparatus with it ready for another charge.
A similar action takes place with the ram a of the vessel E¹ on opening the
stop by turning the handle g.
I do not confine myself to the use of two vessels as herein-before described,
as I may use one such vessel or chamber only working in pressing contact
with a piston on the head of the press, and likewise more than two such
vessels similar and acting in a similar manner to the two vessels herein-before
described. I also sometimes use a large main ram carrying upon the head
thereof two or more vessels supported upon bases, each such base containing
within itself a separate ram and strainer similar and acting in a similar
manner to the ram and strainer described with reference to a, Figures 3 and 4,
Sheet 2, the said vessels being carried into pressing contact with corresponding

page_text: pistons on the press head, similar and acting in a similar manner to the piston
described with reference to 1, Figures 3 and 4, Sheet 2, or with corresponding
pistons formed upon the bottoms of other vessels so as to act the one within
and upon the other in a similar manner to the piston L, Figures 3 and 4, Sheet 2.
Although I prefer the above arrangement, yet a similar result may be obtained
by using two rams or pistons not working one within the other, but at opposite
ends of the cylinder, the one being used to express the oil or other liquid from
the substance under treatment, and the other to discharge the cake or residuum.
Neither do limit myself to any particular method of working the press,
whether horizontally, vertically, stationary, shifting, or otherwise; nor to
hydraulic or other fluid power, as in some cases I may prefer the pressure of
the inclined plane and obtain similar or equal results by means of screws
working one within the other instead of rams.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of this my said
Invention, and the manner in which I believe the same can best be carried
into practical effect, I declare that I claim as my improvements in presses for
the expression of oil and other fluids the use of two rams or pistons, the
one for expressing the oil or liquid, the other for discharging the cake or
residuum.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Marshall, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventh day of July One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-four.
JOHN MARSHALL. (L.S.)

page_text: En the Matter of Letters Patent granted to JOHN MARSHALL, of
No. 126, Pentonville Road, in the County of Middlesex, Civil and
Mechanical Engineer, for his Invention. of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN PRESSES FOR THE EXPRESSION OF OIL AND OTHER FLUIDS," bearing
date the Twenty-ninth January One thousand. eight hundred and
sixty-four, which said Letters Patent and all interest therein have
been duly assigned to, and are now vested in Walter Graham, of
Millwall, in the County of Middlesex, Seed Crusher.
MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to be entered by the said
Walter Graham as such Assignee as aforesaid, pursuant to the Statutes
in that case made and provided.
WHEREAS since the filing of the Specification of the said Letters Patent
I have been advised that the claiming clause in the said Specification does
not sufficiently restrict the Invention to particular vessels described in the
descriptive part in the said Specification, and shewn in the Drawings therein
referred to, I for this reason wish to alter and do hereby alter the said
Specification by adding to the claiming clause the words following, that is to

page_text: say, "when such rams or pistons are made to act upon seed or other oil or
fluid-yielding substance in close-sided vessels, as herein-before described."
In witness whereof, I, the said Walter Graham, have hereunto set my
band and seal, this Sixteenth day of September One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-five.
I hereby grant my Fiat giving leave to the above-named Walter Graham
to file in the Great Seal Patent Office, with the Specification to which the 1
same relates, the above-written Memorandum of Alteration.