Year: 1897

page_text: Kingdom of Prussia.)
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, of 111, Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to the construction of bricks or blocks having one or more
openings serving to be used in the construction of chimneys or air-shafts and the
like; the construction of shafts is considerably facilitated by the use of this new
brick because it forms all the sides of the chimney or shaft, and is laid directly in
regular engagement with the adjoining masonry. Any description of artificial stone,
beton, tuff, or any other suitable concrete may be employed as the material from
which the bricks may be manufactured.
The construction of these bricks is capable of a great number of modifications in a
simple form of construction, the bricks are of the same thickness as ordinary building
bricks, being lengthened on one side to form a projection. If such bricks are laid
in such a manner, that the projection is laid first to the right hand and then to the
left hand, the bricks will be engaged or joined with the adjoining masonry in a
regular bond which may be extended to a brick if desired.
But as the construction of a chimney of single bricks having the height of one
course requires much time, we preferably manufacture bricks having the height of
two courses, so that such a brick has the appearance of two single bricks put
A brick is thus obtained having
together one upon the other as above described.
two projections on opposite sides lying in two different horizontal planes, and with
which the adjoining masonry is engaged.
But such bricks provided with such projections are not so suitable for walling as
bricks having the two projections in the same plane and for this reason bricks are
generally made the projections of which are arranged in the same plane so that the
bricks of the second course of the masonry extend in between the projections. The
number of flues arranged one beside the other may of course be any desired
construction having two openings the inner cross section of which may be varied at
will.
But if the wall in which the chimney is constructed has only a thickness of a
brick or even less (as in a Rabitz wall etc., the projection may also be reduced for
instance a chimney-brick may be made having two lateral projections the width of
which is that of half a brick, while the portion of the chimney brick projecting from
the wall, remains smooth and level.
On
The brick may however be constructed of a height of more than two courses.
account of their weight these bricks are advantageously employed only where a

page_text: cleaning or escape-aperture etc. for the chimney or shaft is to be made. These bricks
may be formed in such a manner that they can be used also for any bending and
turning of the shaft. In order to facilitate the correct and ready placing of each
chimney-brick upon the other they are provided with an upper recess and a cor-
responding part or feather in such a manner that they engage one in the other and
can be set at once in an exact manner; moreover the interlocking of the masonry
becomes still stronger thereby. This groove and feather may be formed either
directly on the brick or they may be separately applied in any other form of
construction say in sheet-iron sheet zinc or the like.
This
A chimney built in this manner without the smallest inner projection, having an
absolutely smooth inner surface and uniform cross-section naturally increases very
considerably the speed of the draught or of the escape of the smoke in comparison
with the hitherto known constructions of chimneys. If required the walls of the
bricks may be perforated for insertion of long rods through the bricks.
fastening of the inasonry of the chimney with iron-rods is however of little importance
in comparison with the value of the regular projections on the bricks, as the
construction is not weakened at all, as is generally the case with the hitherto used
forins of chimney-bricks the connection of the bricks with each other by means of
grooves and feathers and in addition thereto by rods, pipes or the like passing down
the chimney will therefore be employed only when the chinney extends considerably
beyond the roof.
The projections may also be arranged in such a manner that they engage with the
adjoining masonry to the right or to the left hand for a quarter of a brick or for half
a brick or at both sides for half a brick.
Improvements in or relating to Bricks or Blocks Ior
Use in the
Construction of Chimneys, Flues and other Shafts.
(A communication from the Firm of J. C. GRANDERATH & Co., of Düsseldorf, in the
Kingdom of Prussia.)
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, of 111, Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to the construction of bricks or blocks having one or more
openings hereinafter called "bricks "-serving to be used in the construction of
chimneys or air-shafts and the like. The construction of shafts is considerably
facilitated by the use of this new brick because it forms all the sides of the chimney
or shaft, and is laid directly in regular engagement with the adjoining masonry.
Any description of artificial stone, beton, tuff, or any other suitable concrete may be
employed as the material from which the bricks may be manufactured.
The construction of these bricks is capable of a great number of modification.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings shows a simple form of construction, the
bricks are preferably of the same thickness as ordinary building bricks, being
lengthened on one side to form a projection a. If such bricks are laid in such a
manner, that the projection is laid first to the right hand and then to the left hand,
as illustrated in elevation in Fig. 1A, the bricks will be engaged or joined with the

page_text: adjoining masonry in a regular bond, which may be extended to a brick if desired
as shown in the Figs. 1B and 1º.
But as the construction of a chimney of single bricks having the height of one
course requires much time, my correspondents preferably manufacture bricks having
the height of two courses, so that such a brick has the appearance of two single bricks
put together one upon the other as above described. A brick as shown in cross
section in Fig. 2 and in plan-view in Fig. 2^, is thus obtained, having two projections b
on opposite sides lying in two different horizontal planes, and with which the adjoining
masonry, see Fig. 2B, is engaged.
But such bricks provided with such projections as shown in Fig. 2, are not so
suitable for walling, as bricks having two projections arranged in the same plane, and
for this reason we generally use chimney-bricks as illustrated in Fig. 3, the projec-
tions of which are arranged in the same plane, so that the bricks of the second course
of the masonry extend in between the projections (as may be seen in Figs. 12 and 13
of the drawings). The number of flues arranged one beside the other may of course
be any desired (Fig. 4 represents a construction having two openings Z Z¹) the inner
cross section of which may be varied at will (see Figs. 4B and 4°) and more than two
openings may be employed when desired.
a
But if the wall in which the chimney is constructed, has only a thickness of
brick or even less (as in a Rabitz wall, i.e. a thin fireproof wall formed of wire fabric
or gauze or bars covered with cement or mortar, etc.) the projection may also be
reduced. Fig. 5 shows for instance in plan view a chimney brick having two lateral
projections, the width of which is that of half a brick, while the portion of the
chimney-brick projecting from the wall, remains smooth and level.
The brick may however, be constructed of a height of more than two courses and
Figs. 6, 6, 6 show bricks of a height of four courses. On account of their weight,
these bricks are advantageously employed only where a cleaning or escape-aperture,
etc. for the chimney or shaft is to be made. As illustrated in the example shown in
Fig. 7, these bricks may be formed in such a manner, that they can be used also for
any bending and turning of the shaft. In order to facilitate the correct and ready
placing of each brick upon the other, they are provided with an upper recess or
groove c and a corresponding lower part or feather d, in such a manner that they
engage one in the other and can be set at once in an exact manner; moreover the
interlocking of the masonry becomes thereby still stronger. This groove and feather
may be formed either directly on the brick as illustrated in the drawings Figs. 2 to 7;
or they may be separately applied in any other form of construction, say in sheet-
iron, sheet-zine or the like, as indicated in Fig. 8 at e. A chimney built in this
manner without the smallest inner projection, having an absolutely smooth inner
surface and a uniform cross-section naturally increases very considerably the speed
of the draught or of the escape of the smoke in comparison with the hitherto known
constructions of chimneys. If required the walls of the bricks may be perforated, as
shown in Fig. 9 at f for insertion of long rods through the bricks. This fastening
of the masonry of the chimney with iron-rods, is however of smaller importance in
comparison with the regular projections on the bricks, as the construction is not
weakened at all, as is generally the case with the hitherto used forms of chimney
bricks; the connection of the bricks with each other by means of grooves and
feathers and in addition thereto by rods, pipes or the like passing down the chimney
will therefore be employed only when the chimney extends considerably beyond the
roof.
The projection may also be arranged in such a manner that they engage with the
adjoining masonry to the right or to the left hand for a quarter of a brick or for half
a brick as in Figs. 10 and 10%, or at both sides for half a brick, as shown in
Figs. 11, and 11.
Fig. 12 is a front elevation of a vertical chimney and the adjoining masonry, and
partly in section, and
Fig. 13 is a vertical section of a chimney flue having a bend or incline formed in
it, showing a construction of a chimney or shaft according to this invention.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention as communicated to me by my foreign correspondents and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. Bricks with openings or perforations of any desired horizontal section for use in
the construction of chimneys air-shafts or the like and forming one or more flues
arranged one beside the other, said bricks made of concrete or of any other suitable
material, being provided with projections extending through the entire width of the
brick, or only through a rart thereof, and arranged in any suitable manner so that
the bricks, on walling up the chimney, form a secure join with the adjoining masonry,
substantially as described.
2. Bricks of the character described provided for obtaining an exact setting of the
bricks one above the other with grooves and feathers or with vertical holes passing
through the full height of the bricks, or with both devices substantially as described.
3. Bricks for use in the construction of chimneys, air shafts or the like substan-
tially as described and illustrated in Fig. 1, or in Fig. 14, or in Fig. 2 and 24, or
in Fig. 3, or in Figures 4 and 4^, or in Fig. 5, or in Fig. 6^, or in Fig. 7, or in Fig. 8,
or in Figs. 9 and 9, or in Figs. 10 and 10, or in Figs. 11 and 11ª of the
accompanying drawings.
Dated thie 8th day of November 1897.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.