IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS, CAPS, BONNETS, OR OTHER SUCH COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO CORSETS OR STAYS, AND SADDLERY OR HARNESS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Augustus Larmuth, of Salford, in the County
of Lancaster, Dentist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS, CAPS,
BONNETS, OR OTHER SUCH COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
ALSO APPLICABLE TO CORSETS OR STAYS, AND SADDLERY OR HARNESS."
Sealed the 2nd December 1864, and dated the 7th June 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Augustus Larmuth
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th June 1864.
I, ALFRED AUGUSTUS LARMUTH, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster,
Dentist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HATS, CAPS, BONNETS, OR OTHER SUCH COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD, WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO CORSETS OR STAYS, AND SADDLERY OR
HARNESS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in forming that part of the hat or other article
which presses against the body of leather or other suitable material pleated so
as to constitute tubes, through which a current of air may pass. The pleats
thus adapted are not covered with leather or other material, and the air
therefore is in immediate contact with the head or other part of the body, and
the elastic character of the tubes yield without being closed to the shape of
the part on which the article is worn.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alfred Augustus Larmuth in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 7th December 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
AUGUSTUS LARMUTI, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Dentist, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Alfred Augustus Larmuth, Her special license that I, the said
Alfred Augustus Larmuth, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Alfred Augustus Larmuth, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time,
and at all times thereafter, during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS, CAPS, BONNETS, OR OTHER SUCH COVERINGS
FOR THE HEAD, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO CORSETS OR STAYS,
AND SADDLERY OR HARNESS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Alfred Augustus Larmuth, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Augustus Larmuth, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in forming that part of the hat or other article which
presses against the body of leather or other suitable material pleated so as to
constitute tubes, through which a current of air may pass. The pleats thus
adapted are not covered, and the air is therefore in immediate contact with
the head or other part of the body, and the elastic character of the tubes
yield without closing to the shape of the part on which the article is worn.
Having thus pointed out the general feature of my Invention, I will
proceed to explain how I carry the same into practical effect.
Fig. 1 represents a hat constructed according to my improvement in vertical

page_text: section, and Fig. 2 is a horizontal section thereof. The body of the hat is
at a, to which is adapted the lining b; this lining however is not plain as
usual, but is formed with pleats or corrugations c, constituting tubes, through
which air may pass when the hat is placed on the head. The corrugations or
pleats I form by the process known as goffering, or by any other convenient
method, and then place the lining in the hat, sewing it on the outward edge d,
as in the case of ordinary linings. In the Drawing I have shewn the pleats
or corrugations as extending around a portion only of the hat, but if desired
they may be continued all round. The object of leaving plain lining at the
front e is to avoid the chance of indentations being made on the forehead.
I have above described my Invention as applied to what is usually called a
hat, but it is obvious that it may be applied to caps, bonnets, or other coverings
for the head, or it may be adapted to stays or corsets, and also to saddles for
horses or other animals, or to other parts of saddlery or harness which press
against the body of the animal.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be under-
stood that I claim as secured to me under the above in part recited
Letters Patent, and for the purposes above set forth, the use of the pleated or
corrugated lining above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Augustus Larmuth, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
ALFRED A. LARMUTH.