matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF ADJUSTING SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Ambrose Brydges at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th July 1881. A commu-
nication from W. Hamburger, of the City of Copenhagen, in the Kingdom of
Denmark.
EDWIN AMBROSE BRYDGES, of the Firm of Brydges & Co., Engineers and
Patent Solicitors, of 73, Koniggraetzer, Strasse, in the City of Berlin and German
Empire. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF ADJUSTING SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS."
(A communication from W. Hamburger, of the City of Copenhagen, in the
Kingdom of Denmark.
This Invention relates to improvements in self adjusting surveying instruments,
and consists in attaching such an arrangement of parts to the tripod that the
instrument adjusts itself by means of a suitable weight.
This apparatus takes the place of the customary adjusting screws, and gives the
instrument a so exact horizontal adjustment that the final adjustment can be
readily effected by means of the adjusting screw to the glass of the theodolite or
other surveying instrument.
By means of this apparatus a more rapid and easy adjustment is attained than
is possible with any other known system.
The glass receives automatically by means of this arrangement such a position
that the bubble in the spirit level stands in the cut in the setting to the saine.
The apparatus must be hung or attached in such manner that the instrument
can move readily in any direction.
For this purpose three methods of attachment are employed, that is to say:-
a.) By means of a semicircular ball and socket, where the differences in elevation
are not greater than thirty feet.
b.) By means of the so-called Cardan arrangement of pivots and friction
surfaces, whereby the latter are made to segments of circles, so that the instru-
ment is capable of measuring elevation from 30 to 100 feet.
c.) By means of a ball and socket arrangement, and in combination with
suitable supporting arms, so that the instrument is capable of measuring elevations
between 100 and 500 feet.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELEVATORS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by. William Dover at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd January 1881.
WILLIAM DOVER, of Liverpool, in the, County of Lancaster, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ELEVATORS."
The object of the said Invention is to provide elevators for grain, ground and
lump salt, small coal, bulk cargo, and other substances or materials capable of
being raised and elevated by endless chains, belts, or bands of buckets or trays so
constructed, combined, and operating that the said elevators shall be easily moved
from place to place, rapidly applied and put into operation, and shall effectively
perform the required operations.
For the above purpose, first, I combine in the one frame or trunk a bucket or
tray elevator or Jacob's ladder and steam, hydraulic, or other motive power
engine.
Second. I construct the said trunk or frame and the endless elevating band or
the like under the first part in any well known manner so as to allow of telescoping
or elongating.
Third. I combine with the delivery spout of elevators constructed under the said
first part an articulated or jointed adjustable shoot with one or more nozzles or
delivery openings to allow of the distribution of the material elevated.
Fourth. Elevators constructed as above set forth are suspended or hung from or
to a moveable carriage or frame, or are freely suspended from a rope or chain, and
have screw, rack, or equivalent means for lateral adjustment.
Fifth. Guide rollers are fitted to elevators under my Invention for taking up and
reducing any slack or sag in the endless belts, chains, or bands.
Sixth. The lower ends of elevators are provided with a moveable wheel for
adjusting the position of and allowing of free movement of the said elevators.
Steam, water, gas, or other fluid is supplied to the engines through india rubber
or jointed tubing or piping.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS ENGINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Léon Bénier at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th April 1881.
LÉON BÉNIER, of No. 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris, in the Republic of France,
Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS ENGINES."
This Invention relates to improvement in gas engines, in which, as usual, motive
power is produced from the pressure of air expanded by the combustion of a certain
volume of gas mixed with the air.
My improved gas engine differs essentially from the gas motors now generally in
use, as follows:-
By my improvements the combustion of the gaseous mixture, instead of taking
place in the cylinder and during the stroke of the piston, takes place in a small
chamber which I call the combustion chamber, separated from the cylinder by
means of a valve; the mixture is forced into this chamber by means of a pump.
After the introduction into this chamber of the charge of mixture, the combustion
is effected. The maximum expansion or tension being produced in the chamber
by the combustion of the whole of the gas, the valve communicating with the
cylinder is opened and the burnt gas pushes forward the piston; the valve then
closes. The pump forces a fresh charge of mixture into the chamber, which is again
introduced into the cylinder after the combustion of the gas. The capacity of the
chamber is determined by the amount of compression to be given to the mixture
before its explosion. In practice I have found it suitable to make the capacity of
this chamber about three times smaller than that of the pump; the pressure of the
gases in the chamber will then be about three atmospheres before ignition.
In order to be able to obtain a motive pressure on the piston at each turn of the
crank, two combustion chambers are provided, the one supplying a charge to the
cylinder, while the other is being charged by the pump. A peculiar arrangement
of slide valve allows of one force pump alternately charging the two combustion
chambers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR FEEDING WOOL AND OTHER FIBRES TO SCRIBBLING AND CARDING MACHINERY
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Leadbeater and Alfred
Leadbeater at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th April
1881.
JOHN LEADBEATER and ALFRED LEADBEATER, both of Morley, near Leeds, in
the County of York, Iron and Steel Merchants. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD
OF AND APPARATUS FOR FEEDING WOOL AND OTHER FIBRES TO SCRIBBLING
AND CARDING MACHINERY."
This Invention relates to a new combination and arrangement of mechanism
for feeding fibre to carding machinery, and the improvements consists in the
employment of two travelling sheets or creepers, one being on a level with
the present creeper (or an extension of same), and the other one placed some
distance above. The fibre to be fed to the machine is placed in a "plucker" or
hopper and rests upon the upper creeper, and is taken therefrom by a revolving
spiked roller which is distributed upon the spikes by means of a vibrating comb
and a revolving fan; the fibre is then dropped or scattered upon the lower creeper,
and is carried forward towards the carding machine, but before the fibre thus
scattered upon the creeper arrives at the cylinders of the carding machine, another
layer of fibre is scattered upon the fibre already on the creeper by another revolving
spiked roller, and vibrating comb and fan. By this means the fibre is more
equally fed to the carding engine than by the present construction of mechanism,
and it is not required to be weighed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS AND THEIR FITTINGS FOR CARRIAGES FOR COMMON ROADS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Saunderson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th July 1881.
CHARLES SAUNDERSON, of Kilburn, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS AND THEIR FITTINGS FOR CARRIAGES FOR COMMON
ROADS."
My Invention consists in the applying to carriages lamps constructed and fitted
in such a manner as to adapt them both for lighting the interior of the carriage
and for acting as a signal or warning at the back of the same, or for either of those
purposes.
The lamp is constructed with a metal case adapted to fit into a suitable space
formed to receive it in the back of the carriage close or near to the roof thereof.
This case has at the back and front a glazed door which is hinged so as to afford
access to the interior of the lamp, either from the inside or the outside of the
carriage, thereby admitting of the wick being lighted either from inside or outside
of the carriage. When the wick is lighted, one face of the lamp will throw a light
into the interior of the carriage, while the other face will give a warning of
danger on its exterior. The glasses may be of any shape desired, but I prefer to
have the glass for the interior of a rectangular shape, and either of plain or ground
glass, and for the exterior of a circular form, and so as to show a red light.
For the requisite supply of air to the wick, there is formed at the bottom of the
case of the lamp (which is outside of the carriage) an air passage open at each end,
in the upper side of which passage there are perforations through which air is
admitted into the wick chamber; and for the escape of heated air and vapours,
apertures are formed in the top of the wick chamber leading into a tubular space
(or chamber with open ends), each aperture being covered by a shield with open
sides. By this arrangement the said tubular space is made to form a suitable
outlet for heated air and vapours from that part of the wick chamber which is
outside of the carriage. The bottom of the wick chamber is formed so that any
dripping oil shall fall clear of the panel of the carriage.
In order to increase the light from the lamp inside the carriage, a plate glass
377

page_text: mirror is fixed in each of the internal panels of the shutters, and a slight upright
band is introduced across the glass, or two slight springs are inserted in the grooved
guides for increasing the facility of raising and lowering the shutters. There is also
a fixed mirror of any required width placed in the front part of the carriage with a
sliding or dropping window on each side of it. The ordinary look out window at
the back may be either retained or dispensed with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILS FOR RAILWAYS, TOGETHER WITH THE APPARATUS THEREFORE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Charles Henderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st February 1881.
A communication from abroad by Ernst Wilhelm Mauritz Sasse, of
Karlskronn, in the Kingdom of Sweden.
ARTHUR CHARLES HENDERSON, of 6, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILS FOR
RAILWAYS, TOGETHER WITH THE APPARATUS THEREFORE." A communication from
abroad by Ernst Wilhelm Mauritz Sasse, of Karlskronn, in the Kingdom of
'Sweden.
The feature of novelty in this Invention is the manufacture of triple headed rails
for railways, the heads being equidistant and within the same radius, the object of
such construction being that when any of the heads are worn they can be turned
and so present a fresh surface or head, so that the rail is not removed as waste iron,
which is the case with the single headed rails.
In the manufacture of these novel rails two sets of laminating rollers or mills
are employed.
The first simply consists of two superposed cylinders presenting a series of
grooves whose profiles are arranged to progressively shape the rail to the section
required. It is estimated that six grooves on the cylinders will suffice, which
admits of six passages of the bar or rail through the rollers, as the passages may be
repeated from the beginning or from the end, and the rails produced will be rolled
or laminated with exactitude and sharpness.
The construction of the first laminator or rolling mill is similar to that habitually
used.
The second laminator is for finishing the rails, and consists principally of three
cylinders turned and grooved to the profile of the rail; they are united by bevelled
gear, and regulated by screws held in the frame of the laminator or mill, and they
act on cushions adjusted on the journals of the cylinders.
In fixing these rails to the sleepers they are placed so that two heads rest on the
sleepers, which latter are notched purposely for the reception of the heads which
are fixed to the sleepers by headed pins driven into the sleepers, the heads locking
the flanges of the rail heads. A single bolt may be used for securing two plates
for fishing the rails.

page_text: Another mode of joining the rails consists in cutting the sleeper to receive the
two lower heads of the rail and providing them with a joint plate.
The fishing is effected by two plates or kind of clamps of iron, which are of the
same shape and follow the outline of the rail which they embrace, and are secured
to the sleepers by bolts, and are themselves bolted together and fish the rails at
the upper part by two bolts passing through the rail, binding the whole firmly
together, so that the rails cannot separate on account of the joint plate; each rail
is free to contract or expand.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Lawley and Herbert Samuel
Starnes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st December
1881.
WALTER LAWLEY of Farringdon Strect in the City of London and HERBERT
SAMUEL STARNES of New Thornton Heath in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS."
Our Invention relates to improvements in cameras for instantaneous photography
and particularly those used for landscape and other outside work and it has for its
object to dispense with the use of separate focussing and dark slides, to provide
closed receptacles within the camera for the sensitised plates both before and after
exposure and to enable the plates to be readily taken in succession from the one
receptacle placed in position for exposure and returned to the other receptacle
after exposure without removal from the camera or risk of exposure to light.
According to our Invention a plate holding frame is fitted to slide to and fro
within the camera, said holder being an open frame with inwardly projecting
corner pieces rebated to receive and hold the plates by the corners only, and enable
them to be readily inserted and removed. This frame is situated at about the mid
length of the camera and is capable of adjustment therein as above mentioned for
the purpose of focussing the picture; it is provided with a spring clip to retain the
plate in position, and with a binding screw to lock the frame in any position in
which it may be adjusted.
Two receptacles are provided in the bottom of the camera to hold the plates
before and after exposure, said receptacles being closed light tight by spring
actuated sliding shutters. The plates are simply laid therein upon one another
(with a sheet or blotting paper or other soft material interposed) without being
held in grooves.
To enable the plates to be placed in position for, and removed after exposure, the
door at back of the camera is provided with a hand hole surrounded by a sleeve
made of indiarubber-coated fabric or other light proof material, which projects
within the camera and terminates in an elastic mouth or aperture through which
the operator's hand is passed into the interior of the camera, and which surrounds
the wrist closely so as to prevent the infiltration of light into the camera during

page_text: the transfer of the plates before and after exposure. This hand hole is closed by a
hinged door when the operator's hand is withdrawn.
In focussing, the door at back is opened and the focussing screen, which when
not in use is held in a clip against the side of the camera, is placed in the sliding
plate holding frame; as this frame is situated at about the mid length of the
camera it is quite in the shade and it is not necessary to throw a cloth over the
head to cut off extraneous light from the screen when focussing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AUTOMATIC RAILWAY BRAKES."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Parsey at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th July 1881.
WILLIAM PARSEY, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex, Civil Engineer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AUTOMATIC RAILWAY BRAKES."
According to my Invention the brake blocks are applied to the wheels by the
action of springs tending always to force the said blocks towards and against the
peripheries of the wheels, or of circular drums or pulleys fixed on the axle of the
wheels, and this tendency of the springs is, when the brakes are not required to be
in operation, counter acted by fluid pressure acting (in opposition to the springs)
against suitable pistons or diaphragms in a cylinder or cylinders, whereby the
blocks are kept normally out of contact with the wheels, or drums, or pullies. The
application of the brakes is effected automatically in case of separation of the train,
or at will by the guard or other person in charge, establishing communication
between the interior of the cylinder, cylinders, or diaphragms and the atmosphere.
Apparatus may be arranged in various forms to operate on this the principle of my
Invention. Thus, for example, the fluid pressure employed for preventing the
application of the brakes may be that of compressed air or water, or a partial
vacuum may be established in such manner as to attain the desired result by the
atmospheric pressure acting against the pistons or diaphragms. To enable the
brakes to be controlled by the guard or guards, or engine driver, I provide, in or in
connection with the train pipe connecting the cylinders or diaphragms of the various
brakes with the reservoir, one or more cocks or valves, so arranged that the flow of
fluid may be regulated or may be entirely shut off, and communication established
between the interiors of the cylinders or diaphragms and the atmosphere, so as to
allow of the application of the brakes by the springs, as above set forth, and to
enable the operator to regulate the extent of retardation.
NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR FILING AND CUTTING METALS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Henry Whitehouse at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th October 1881.
THOMAS HENRY WHITEHOUSE, of Walsall, in the County of Stafford, Mechanical
Engineer. "NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR FILING AND CUTTING
METALS."
My Invention consists of machinery constructed as hereinafter described, by
which said machinery metals may be filed and cut for various purposes by
steam or other motive power instead of by hand power.
A shaft carrying at one end a fly wheel and at the other end fast and loose
pulleys for communicating motion to it turns in bearings carried by the bed or base
plate of the machine. The middle of this shaft is cranked, and a connecting rod
actuated by the crank is connected to a horizontal slide working in a bearing on
the bed of the machine. On the underside of the said slide and near the end most
distant from the cranked shaft the file or cutter is fixed in holders. The file or
cutter is inclined at a small angle to the line of motion. Underneath the file or
cutter the metal or article to be operated upon is supported in a holder, the
construction of which is varied to suit the particular article to be held. The metal
or article operated upon is pressed upwards against the file or cutting tool either by
a spring or weighted lever.
The action of the machinery is as follows:-I will suppose the article to be
operated upon to be a welded iron tube from which the fin left by the welding
process is to be removed. The tube with the part having the fin uppermost is
placed upon the support and held by the attendant workman, the part immediately
under the file or cutting tool being pressed upwards against the tool by the spring
or weighted lever. The crank shaft being rotated a reciprocating motion is given
to the file or cutting tool, the said tool owing to its inclination to the line of motion
cutting away at each stroke a length of the fin greater or less according to the
greater or less inclination of the tool to the line of motion. As the tool makes its
return motion the workman advances the tube so as to bring another portion of
the fin under the action of the tool when it makes its next advance stroke.
AN IMPROVED FASTENING FOR LEGGINGS OR GAITERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Morris Hess and Alfred Hess at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th June 1881.
MORRIS HESS and ALFRED HESS, both of Steward Street, Brushfield Street, in
the County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED FASTENING FOR LEGGINGS OR
GAITERS."
Our Invention relates to an improved fastening for gaiters or leggings, which is
secure, easily fastened and unfastened, and easily applied to the legging or gaiter.
The fastening consists of a spring acted latch plate fitted to slide in a case
constructed as hereafter described, and fixed to the one part of the gaiter and of a
notched pillar or stud fixed on the other part of the gaiter which enters a hole in
the latch plate and engages therewith when in the locked position. The case is
constructed of a cupped or flanged disc, and a back plate or bridge piece is secured
within the hollow of the case by nibs or tongues stamped out with the flanges of
the case, and bent down inwardly upon the back plate or bridge piece after the
latter is inserted in position. Stamped out with this bridge piece are two tongues
which are bent backwards in position to be inserted through the fabric of the
gaiter and afterwards bent or folded down at the back thereof to attach the
fastener to the gaiter. Within this bridge picce is fitted to slide the latch which
consists of a flat plate with a central aperture to receive and engage with the
notched stud forming the other part of the fastening, the said stud entering
through an eyeletted hole in the gaiter and through a corresponding guide hole in
the bridge piece. The edge of the hole in the latch is bevelled so as to yield and
snap into the notch of the stud when the latter is pressed into it. To obtain this
suap action the latch is acted on by two spiral springs, one at either side laying in
grooves formed in the bridge piece and confined between lateral projections upon
the sliding latch plate and fixed upon the bridge piece. The latch is provided
with a stop to limit its range of motion, and with a thumb knob projecting from
the front of the case at one side in convenient position to be pressed to release the
fastening. The pillar or stud forming the other part of the fastening has a rounded
point so as to easily enter and force back the spring latch, and immediately
beneath the point it has a notch at one side for the latch to engage with. It is
secured in place by rivetting.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ENVELOPES TO PREVENT THE CLANDESTINE OPENING OF LETTERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julien Heu at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th June 1881.
JULIEN HEU, of the City of Paris, in the Republic of France, Gentleman,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ENVELOPES TO PREVENT THE
CLANDESTINE OPENING OF LETTERS."
The object of this Invention is to prevent the surreptitious opening of letters, so
that they cannot possibly be tampered with without it being clearly evident that
they have been so treated.
In carrying out the objects of the Invention it was necessary to devise some
means of so constructing the envelope as to render it impossible to open without
tearing or otherwise defacing the envelope.
The novelty of the Invention consists in making the edges of the flap of the
envelope of lace, the lace border or edging of the flap being stamped out or cut in
the ordinary and well known method of making paper lace.
The lace is part and parcel of the paper forming the envelope flap, which latter
with the envelope is gummed in the usual manner.
It is hardly necessary to state that an infinite variety of designs may be
employed for the lace, from the simplest to the most elaborate, and the envelopes
would naturally vary in dimensions and in quality of paper to suit requirements.
In addition to the advantage of security to the contents of a letter gained by
this method of manufacturing envelopes, a grace and elegance is given to them
which they did not previously possess.
IMPROVEMENTS. CONNECTED WITH DOORS AND WINDOWS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th October 1881. A communi-
cation from abroad by Favier-Simonet, of Tourcoing, France.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex.
CONNECTED WITH DOORS AND WINDOWS." A communication from abroad by
Favier-Simonet, of Tourcoing, France.
This Invention relates to improved apparatus for rendering the bottom joints of
windows, doors, &c., hermetic, and preventing all air and water ingress.
The apparatus consists of a strip sliding in a suitable slot made in the weather
rail of the window (if such apparatus is applied to a window), said strip being
connected with a metal plate provided with a vertical groove on one side and a
horizontal groove on the other. A lever with a knob at its upper end is pivoted
on an axle in the plate above, and fastened at the bottom to the plate with a crank
pin.
Or the
A metal box containing all the mechanism is lodged in the window frame.
If the knob of the lever is lowered, the strip is raised and lodged in the weather
rail; but if the knob is pulled up, the strip descends and closes the joint.
following apparatus may be used in lieu of the above described, if automatic closing
of the joint is required. A strip is placed in a slot made in the bottom of the
weather-rail, and connected by any suitable means with a lever placed in the
supporting frame or sill of the window, said lever turning on an axle and being
made to actuate the two parts of a French window at once.
If the bolt of the window is closed by depressing, it presses on the back end of
the lever, and thus raises the strip and closes the joint.
The above described two systems may easily and advantageously be applied to
house or street doors.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF OILS FOR LUBRICATING PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: +
LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of the Firm of Herbert and
Company, Solicitors of Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster,
Civil Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF
OILS FOR LUBRICATING PURPOSES." A communication from abroad by Henry
Fink and Catherine Fink, both of Washington, in the United States of
America.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Herbert John Haddan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th April 1881.
20
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE TREATMENT OF OILS FOR LUBRICATING PURPOSES." A communication
from abroad by Henry Fink and Catherine Fink, both of Washington, in the
United States of America.
The nature of the Invention consists in a composition or mixture to be
mixed with oil to form a lubricating oil for machinery, as will be hereinafter more
fully set forth. To make one barrel of thirty-three gallons of the mixture, take
two pounds of pulverized lime, seven ounces of pulverized French chalk, and three
ounces of carbonate of potash, and dissolve the same in a bucket of warin water.
Then put the same in the barrel, and fill the barrel with soft water. This mixture
nay be used with various kinds of oils, and is to be mixed with the same quantity
of oil, gallon for gallon, as wanted for use. To give the lubricating-oil more body,
take one gallon of oil to two gallons of the mixture; shake well before using. If
coal-oil is used, five gallons of lard-oil or melted grease must be put in a barrel of
coal-oil before. mixing with the mixture.
I do not confine myself to any preciso proportions of the ingredients named, as
they may be varied to suit the oil with which the mixture used, the climate in
which the lubricating-oil is to be used, or for other reasons..
I am aware that a lubricating-oil wherein steatite is used is not new.
By the use of the article known as French chalk, with the ingredients specified,
an oil that has no grit or other injurious substance can be made.

page_text: Having thus fully described the Invention, what I claim as new is,―
1st. The within-described mixture, composed of pulverized lime, pulverized
French chalk, carbonate of potash, and water, for the purposes herein set forth.
2nd. A lubricating-oil, composed of the composition or mixture herein described,
'and mixed with oil, substantially as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Herbert John Haddan, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty seventh day of. April, A.D. 1881.
H. J. HADDAN. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR MINERAL OILS AND SPIRITS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Raphael Hunter Brandon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th June 1881. A communi-
cation from Louis Sépulchre, of 33, Rue Bessange, Liège, in the Kingdom of
Belgium, Manufacturing Engineer.
RAPHAEL HUNTER BRANDON, of No. 1, Rue Laffitte, Paris, in the Republic of
France, Engineer and Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR MINERAL
OILS AND SPIRITS." A communication from Louis Sépulchre, of 33, Ruo Bossange,
Liège, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Manufacturing Engineer.

page_text: FOURTH IMPROVEMENT.
The fourth improvement is mainly applicable to round burners of the largest
description, and admits of constructing larger burners than those hitherto employed
for the purpose of utilising the heat emitted if desired. It consists in the
adaptation to a lamp of two pieces fixed to the inner wick tube, the one consisting
in a strong brass or iron wire, the bottom end of which is soldered to the bottom
of the said tube, & which rises centrally within the same to about its upper
extremity, where it serves as a support for the second piece, which is mounted
loosely thereon; this second piece consists in a small tube which is passed on the
central stem down to a shoulder above the said stem; it is provided with two
disks set at a distance from one another and which are of different diameters, the
smaller one being placed below; these disks serve to distribute the air centrally in
a very advantageous manner as regards perfect combustion, stability, and color of
the light emitted.
FIFTH IMPROVEMENT.
The fifth improvement has reference to a funnel shaped or concave cup which I
adapt on the mouth of the reservoir for charging or filling the lamp. The concavity
of this cup corresponds exactly to the convexity of the lower half of the box
montioned in the third improvement in such a manner that when the latter is
fixed in place it makes a perfectly tight joint, & prevents thus any passage of oil
or spirit on the outside of the lamp.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FITTINGS FOR EXCLUDING DRAFT
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert William Newlands at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th August 1881.
"
ROBERT WILLIAM NEWLANDS, of No. 29 Munford Gardens, Shepherd's Bush, in
the Parish of Hammersmith, in the County of Middlesex, Builder. IMPROVEMENTS
IN FITTINGS FOR EXCLUDING DRAFT."
My Invention is for the purpose of excluding drafts at doors and windows.
I will first describe my Invention as applied to a door, and will begin with
the arrangement of the part under the door, that is, between the door and the sill.
I let into the sill in that part which is under the door when the door is
closed a cylindrical bar or pipe, which for ordinary doors I prefer should be
about from half to three quarters of an inch in diameter, so that one half of its
diameter may be sunk in the sill, and the other half may project above its surface.
The bar or tube may be conveniently fixed in its place by means of a plate at each
end, screwed to the door posts and taking into a slot in the bar, and may be bedded
in cement or similar material.
I cut a rabbet in the bottom of the door on that side towards which the door
shuts, sufficiently large to allow part of the thickness of the door to pass over the
rod or pipe when the door is being opened or closed, and in the upper side of the
said rabbet I cut a groove for the reception of a moulding, having on one side a
quarter circle section made to correspond with and fit over the aforesaid bar or
tube. Over the hollow surface of this moulding 1 stretch and fix a piece of sheet
india rubber in such manner that when the door closes the india rubber is between
the bar or tube and the moulding, and is pressed by the surface of the bar or tube
into the hollow surface of the moulding, thus insuring perfect contact and completely
excluding all draft. The same result may be obtained by fixing the bar or tube,
instead of under the door, just beyond it on the side towards which it closes, and
fastening an ornamental or other moulding along the bottom of the door, the under
surface of which moulding is made to correspond with the bar or tube, and is faced
with india rubber in the same way as before described.
In rendering the sides and tops of doors draft tight I make a groove in the
interior angle of the rabbet of the door frame and insert in such groove a moulding
with india rubber, similar to that described above for insertion in the bottom of
the door, and I round off the edge of the door to correspond with the moulding.
inserted in the rabbet.
The application of this contrivance to casements is obvious, and it may be applied
to the tops and bottoms and also to the meeting bars of sashes.
LMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER MILLS FOR GRINDING MIDDLINGS AND ANALAGOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Anthony Stevenson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd December 1881.
ANTHONY STEVENSON, of the City of Chester, Millwright. "LMPROVEMENTS IN
ROLLER MILLS FOR GRINDING MIDDLINGS AND ANALAGOUS PURPOSES."
This Invention relates, firstly, to the means by which material ceases to be
supplied to the rolls in the event of their being drawn apart from their ordinary
working distance.
Secondly. To the means by which the crushed or flattened material is broken up
after passing through the rolls preparatory to further treatment.
Thirdly. To the means by which the space or casing surrounding the rolls is
ventilated in order to prevent the accumulation of moist vapour which is apt to be
produced during the crushing process and thus rust or tarnish the polished surfaco
of the rollers.
In carrying out the first of these improvements the rolls are withdrawn pressed
together or are brought to the desired working distance apart by a lever connected
to their bearings. A portion of this lover moves in a slotted link to which is
connected either the forks for moving a strap when the feeding apparatus is
actuated by a belt or in caso it is driven by gearing the slotted link carries a
clutch by which either the belt or wheels are thrown out of gear so that the
supply of material at once ceases the instant the rollers aro withdrawn apart from
working distance.
Secondly. The material which has passed between the rolls assumes a flattened
shape, and in order to break up these particles a series of brushes are attached to a
shaft revolving in a cylinder of wire work perforated metal or other suitable
material. Extending a suitable distance along the surface of this cylinder is a gap
through which the crushed material falls after passing through the rolls and by
the actions of the revolving brushes upon the surface of the cylinder the material
is broken up and prepared for further treatment.
The shaft carrying the brushes is mounted upon adjustable bearings by which
the pressure of the brushes against the interior of the perforated oylinder can be

page_text: regulated to suit the material being treated and in order to compensate for the
wear in the brushes themselves.
In order to ventilate the interior of the casing surrounding the rolls, I perforate
the ends of the breaking up cylinder and attach to the shaft carrying the brushes
suitable vanes which when carried round by the shaft induce a gentle current of
air to circulate through the casing and thus prevents the rollers rusting or
tarnishing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY AXLE GUARDS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Whittle at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th June 1881.
JOHN WHITTLE, of Chorley, in the County of Lancaster, Wagon Builder.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY AXLE GUARDS."
The axle guards now in general use are made from plain flat bar iron, of such
width and thickness the size of the vehicle may require or its designed work
demand, the crown or guide piece embracing and holding firm yet sliding freely
up and down the axle box. These axle guards have very beavy strains to bear
in ordinary use, and are very frequently bent and broken by very slight
accidents.
My Invention therefore is to increase the strength without materially adding to
the weight, to do which I make my crown or guide bow or bend of iron of a similar
width and thickness as now in use, but having a flange or rib on the inner edge or
side embracing the axle box; this flange I make of any depth and thickness,
rounded or square on the edge, making it shape in section; by preference I place
this flange inward in use, but I may use it otherwise. I may likewise use other
shaped iron for increasing the lateral strength. The wing bars I prefer to make of
plain Bat bar iron, as at present, but if required for very strong guards I should
use it of the before mentioned sections.
METHOD OR MEANS OF JOINING BOARDS, PLANKS, AND THE LIKE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Evans Lemmon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th August 1881.
EDWIN EVANS LEMMON, of Stratford, in the County of Essex.
IN THE METHOD OR MEANS OF JOINING BOARDS, PLANKS, AND THE LIKE”
"IMPROVEMENTS
"
This Invention consists essentially in using narrow grooves, preferably saw-cuts,
across the boards, planks, &c., to be joined, and inserting strips of hoop iron or
the like in the grooves. Thus, Bay, two or more boards are to be joined, the
grooves would be cut in their faces, they would be laid side by side, and the piece
of hoop iron hammered or forced into the grooves would hold all firmly together.
The grooves are cut at convenient distances apart, of course varying with the
requirements of the case, and if necessary may be placed on both sides of the
boards, in which case they would preferably be arranged so as to "break joint."
For joining boards face to face, the method of proceeding is exactly the same,
the iron being then half in each board.
This Invention is applicable to most kinds of board or the like that require to
be joined together.
I can employ other kinds of metal in place of the hoop iron, but the latter is
preferable on account of its cheapness, and because after a time it rusts in and is
then practically immovable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OMNIBUSES AND OTHER LIKE VEHICLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Gardner at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th March 1881. A communication
from abroad by Francisco Ferreira de Moraes, of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).
HENRY GARDNER, of No. 40, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OMNIBUSES AND OTHER LIKE VEHICLES." A com-
munication from abroad by Francisco Ferreira de Moraes, of Rio de Janeiro,
(Brazil).
The objects of this Invention are,-
1. To affix a frame to carry the after or hind wheels that it can turn like the
frame by which the front wheels are carried, and to connect the two frames from
opposite sides by rods or bars, that the four wheels can be set to the curve the
vehicle may be desired to travel over, and according to the direction at which the
front wheels and their frame are moved.
2. To extend the body beyond the usual length of such vehicles, and to support
the body at the centre by other wheels of larger diameter than the front and hind
wheels, which are preferably of the same diameter, the larger and centre pair of
wheels occupying a position within the body, as not to interfere with the outside
contour of the sides of the body, which, if made of steel, may be of extra strength,
without adding materially to the weight.
3. To make the seats both inside and outside, if such are required, of a series of
wooden laths or battens of bellied or bowed shape, which are attached to steel
springs, and are so arranged to form easy and comfortable seats, and to prevent the
Oscillation now experienced. The seats can be arranged fore and aft, like in
omnibuses, and tramcars, and wagonettes at present constructed, but it is preferred
to arrange the seats transverely, and to provide means of ingress and egress to and
from the side or sides of the vehicles.
The improvements hereinbefore referred to can be used separately, but it is
intended that they be fitted and used in combination.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OR PRODUCTION OF BEVERAGES."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Bull, of Colls Road, Peckham, in the County of
Surrey, Gentleman, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION
OR PRODUCTION OF BEVERAGES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Bull at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th March 1881. .
ROBERT BULL, of Colls Road, Peckham, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OR PRODUCTION OF BEVERAGES."
This Invention relates to the preparation of materials from which beverages may
be prepared of a nature somewhat similar to coffee. In carrying out my Invention
I take figs in the state usually imported into this country, and desiccate the same
in any convenient manner, so that they may be capable of being reduced to a
coarse powder. I also take rye in a dry state and reduce the same in a similar
manner. The powders are then mixed and are fit for use in producing beverages,
which have a strong similarity to the beverage produced from the coffee berry.
The powders above described may be used for the production of beverages either
alone or mixed with other products, such as coffee or cocoa, or with essences which
will impart an additional flavor to such beverages.
AUTOMATIC MOTIVE POWER APPARATUS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th July 1881. A communication
from abroad by John Rahtjen and Joachim Friederich Nicolaus Steffen, both
of Hamburg, Germany.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex. "IMPROVED AUTOMATIC
MOTIVE POWER APPARATUS." A communication from abroad by John Rahtjen
and Joachim Friederich Nicolaus Steffen, both of Hamburg, Germany.
This Invention consists of a large wheel turning on a horizontal beam, and
provided on both sides with tooth gearings in connection with two smaller tooth-
wheels. The large wheel is also provided on the whole of its periphery with arms.
By hanging weights on the arms on one side of the wheel periphery, only the
same is moved. Also there are two rings guided in vertical slots and suspended
on chains which are furnished with a gripping arrangement for taking the weights
at the lower part of the motor and carrying them upwards, where they are kept
until the next arm of the non weighted part of the wheel arrives, which seizes the
weight and takes it down again. The Invention consists further in actuating this
grasping and carrying arrangements upwards and downwards by means of crank
mechanism in connection with tooth-bars, tooth wheels, and chain discs.
At both sides of the large wheel we place two small tooth wheels rigidly secured
to their crank shafts, and gearing into the teeth of the large wheel, the shafts of
the small wheels being arranged in bearers. These crank shafts are connected
with or hinged to two cross heads by means of connecting-rods, the cross-heads
being horizontally guided in slots. The movement of these cranks is transmitted
to two chain discs by means of tooth bars secured to the cross heads, and gearing
into two small tooth wheels secured to the beams of said chain-dises. The speed
of a crank is proportionate to that of a tooth-wheel upon the beam of the chain
discs, as 1 to 2, and it is therefore evident that the tooth wheels and chain discs
make two inverse rotations according to the tooth bars, while the crank turns
only once. By this rotation the chains on which the carrying arrangements are
suspended are wound or unwound.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS VALVES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Waller at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th April 1881.
GEORGE WALLER, of Holland Street, Southwark, in the County of Surrey.
" IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS VALVES."
This Invention has for its object the construction of valves in such a manner as
will admit of their being made much cheaper than ordinary screw valves, while
their efficiency is preserved, their liability to stick obviated, and their durability
increased.
The Invention consists of a cast iron case or chamber closed at bottom and open
at the top, but provided with a gas tight cover. The cover is furnished with a
stuffing box and gland through which passes a cranked shaft which may be made
of steel, the upper part of the shaft projecting above the gland being squared so as
to admit of being turned by a key, wrench, or lever, while the lower end of the
shaft works in a socket or step formed in or attached to the bottom of the valve
case. At or near the centre of the cranked shaft it is connected to the valve by
an attachment that is free to slide between suitable guides cast on to or fastened
to the interior sides of the case. The valve consists of a disc formed with a recess
in the centre in which is pivotted a roller. Near the circumference of the valve a
groove is formed in it, which groove may be filled in with gun metal or some soft
metallic alloy, or asbestos, or wood. The seat of the valve is made with a V shaped
or rounded or other suitably shaped edge, so that when the valve is brought up
against it by partially turning the cranked shaft, a secure gas-tight joint may be
effected, the final grip of the valve being produced by the elasticity of the shaft
being brought to bear upon the roller in the centre of the valve. It will be seen that
by the foregoing construction a very simple but efficient gas valve may be made,
capable of being entirely opened or closed by one half turn of the key, wrench, or
handle.