IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PLATES, TUBES, CYLINDERS, AND OTHER ARTICLES, AND FOR COVERING OR COATING THE SAME WITH COPPER, BRASS, OR OTHER METALS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Marie Celeste de Casteras Sinibaldi, of No. 1, South
Villas, South Street, Greenwich, in the County of Kent, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PLATES, TUBES, CYLINDERS,
AND OTHER ARTICLES, AND FOR COVERING OR COATING THE SAME WITH COPPER,
BRASS, OR OTHER METALS"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Marie Celeste de Casteras
Sinibaldi at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 6th February 1864.
I, MARIE CELESTE DE CASTERAS SINIBALDI, of No. 1, South Villas, South
Street, Greenwich, in the County of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of
the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PLATES, TUBES,
CYLINDERS, AND OTHER ARTICLES, AND FOR COVERING OR COATING THE SAME WITH
COPPER, BRASS, OR OTHER METALS: "—
In constructing a laminated or compound plate of a number of layers of
iron or steel, or of iron and steel united by copper, brass, or other like metals,
instead of laying the iron or steel plates or sheets forming the compound
plates with their surfaces together and placing them in the bath of molten
[Price 8d.]

page_text: metal in that position, I place between them thin sheets of copper, brass, or
other metals, and after securing them closely together I immerse them in the
melted metal. The sheets of copper or brass must be thoroughly cleaned as
well as the plates of iron and steel and immersed in a solution of borax or
other flux before attempting to unite them.
Another method is to coat each separate sheet of iron or steel, of which the
compound plate is to be composed, with a thin coating of the same metal as
that in which it is to be immersed, or the thin coating may be of a metal
which melts at a lower temperature than that forming the bath so that the
compound plate need not be so long exposed to such a high temperature.
In the manufacture of plates for the construction of ships, or other like
objects, I prefer instead of making short plates to be afterwards fastened
together by rivetting or screwing, to make a continuous compound or laminated
plate which shall extend from end to end or all round the ship or other
structure of which it is to form a part.
In making tubes or cylinders I take a sheet of iron or steel, and coat it with
a thin coating of copper, brass, or other metal, and coil it up tightly upon a
mandril, which can either be removed or left inside as required. I then
secure the tube or cylinder thus formed firmly to prevent its coming uncoiled
and subject it to heat either by immersion in a bath of molten copper, or
brass, or other suitable means.
other metals, or I coil together a
thereof a coat of mail and cover it
Another method is to coil up a thin sheet of copper or other metal with a
sheet or sheets of iron or steel, and subject them to heat until the two metals
are thoroughly fused together. I also construct plates by weaving together
bars or rods of iron or steel to form a kind of wickerwork, and then unite
them by immersion in molten copper or
number of links of hoop iron, and form
with brass or other metals in a molten state. I also make plates of which
alternate portions of the length are iron, or steel, and copper or other metals,
the portions consisting of the different metals being united by brazing at the
adjoining edges. For coating the surfaces of cylinders or tubes with copper,
brass, or other like metals, I first clean thoroughly the surface to be covered,
and fix thereto a lining or covering formed of a sheet or number of sheets, or a
tube of copper or other metal, also having its surface thoroughly cleaned, and
secure them firmly together, and after immersing them in borax or other flux
unite them by the application of heat.
Another method is to first cover the surface of iron or steel with a thin coating
of the same or a similar metal to that which is to be united thereto, and after
cleaning and immersing them in borax, unite them by heat as above described,

page_text: The same methods can be employed for the coating of plates or sheets of
iron or steel for the construction of ships or for other objects.
Another method is to place the object to be coated in a box or mould
leaving a space therein to form the thickness of the coating, and after making
the mould to the required heat to cause to flow through it a stream of molten
metal, which is continued till it is found that the two metals are united.
When the opening in the mould through which the metal passes out is closed
the space left for the coating is filled up and then allowed to partially cool, and
is then passed between rollers. In the manufacture of plates or other objects
for ornamental purposes, I first cut or stamp in a plate of iron or steel the
design or form of the ornament to be represented, and then after preparing
the plate in the ordinary manner I place it in a mould or box so arranged
that the molten metal shall fill up the figure or design made in the plate.
After the mould has been immersed in the molten metal, or the metal has
been poured into the mould, the plate is allowed to cool and can then be taken
out of the mould and the surface made perfectly smooth and polished so as to
show clearly the ornament there represented. Instead of using iron or steel
I sometimes use plates of copper, or brass, or other metals, and fill up the
ornamental design with silver, gold, or other metals.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Marie Celeste de Casteras Sinibaldi in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 6th August 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MARIE
CELESTE DE CASTERAS SINIBALDI, of No. 1, South Villas, South Street,
Greenwich, in the County of Kent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Marie Celeste de Casteras Sinibaldi, Her special licence that
1, the said Marie Celeste de Casteras Sinibaldi, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Marie Celeste de Carteras
Sinibaldi, by executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,

page_text: exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF FLATES, TUBES, CYLINDERS, AND OTHER ARTICLES, AND FOR
COVERING OR COATING THE SAME WITH COPPER, BRASS, OR OTHER METALS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Marie Celeste de Casteras Sinibaldi,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Marie Celeste de Casteras Sinibaldi,
do hereby declare the nature of the said. Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
In constructing a laminated or compound plate of a number of layers of
iron or steel, or of iron and steel united by copper, brass, or other like metals,
instead of laying the iron or steel plates or sheets forming the compound
plates with their surfaces together, as described in a former Patent granted to
me, and placing them in the bath of molten metal in that position, I place
between them sheets of copper, brass, or other metals, and after securing
them closely together I immerse them in the melted metal. The sheets of
copper or brass must be thoroughly cleaned as well as the plates of iron and
steel, and immersed in a solution of borax or other flux before attempting to
unite them.
Figures 1 and 2 show two views of a plate constructed according to this
part of my Invention.
a, a, represent sheets of iron or steel, and b, b, sheets of copper, brass, or
other metal, which are for a time held together by rivets, bolts, clamps, or
otherwise, until the brazing is effected.
Another method is to coat each separate sheet of iron or steel of which the
compound plate is to be composed, with a thin coating of the same metal as
that in which it is to be immersed, or the thin coating may be of a metal
which melts at a lower temperature than that forming the bath, so that the
compound plate need not be so long exposed to such a high temperature.
In the manufacture of plates for the construction of ships, or other like
objects, I prefer instead of making short plates to be afterwards fastened
together by rivetting or screwing, to make a continuous compound or laminated
plate which shall extend from end to end or all round the ship or other
i

page_text: structure of which it is to form a part.
Figures 3 and 4 represent a plate
thus formed. One mode in which a continuous plate may be made to extend
all round a vessel or other structure is shown at Figures 5 and 6. a, a, are
adjustable blocks which for the formation of each succeeding plate are held
by nuts or otherwise in the desired position, corresponding with the section of
the ship or other like object to which it is to be applied; b is a roller or drum
upon which a quantity of sheet iron or steel is wound, this roller or drum is
carried by a truck c, which is supported upon the rails d. The truck c is
provided with a toothed wheel c¹, and a bevil toothed wheel c which take
into the racks d¹ and d² respectively, and may as shewn, or by other suitable
means, be caused to traverse the rails d, and thereby coil the sheet iron or
steel upon the adjustable blocks a, until the desired thickness of plate is
formed, the plate is then temporarily secured by rivets or otherwise, after
which it is removed from the blocks a, and placed in a suitable mould in
which it is brazed by pouring the molten metal thereon, or by other suitable
means. The strip of iron or steel to form the plate is cleaned and plunged
in a suitable flux in the ordinary manner before coiling it up on the drum b.
The plate when formed may be placed in its required position on the vessel,
and secured in any convenient manner. Or a plate may be formed to extend
from end to end only of the vessel, when the plates would be simply laid one
upon another until the desired thickness is obtained, and secured by rivets or
otherwise, after which it is brazed as previously described. In making tubes
or cylinders I take a sheet of iron or steel and coat it with a thin coating of
copper, brass, or other metal, and coil it up tightly upon a mandril which
can either be removed or left inside as required, I then secure the tube or
cylinder, thus formed, firmly to prevent its coming uncoiled, and subject it to
heat either by immersion in a bath of molten copper or brass, or other suitable
means.
Figures 7 and 8 show two views of one mode of carrying this part of my
Invention into effect. a is a mandril upon which the sheet b of iron or steel
coated with copper, brass, or other metal is coiled to facilitate the coiling.
A small slot a¹ is formed in the mandril, which may be hollow if required.
Into this slot a¹ a small part of the sheet b of iron or steel is passed, and when
the desired thickness of metal has been coiled upon the mandril a, it is secured
together by rivets or otherwise, it is then brazed by subjecting it to heat as
described. Another method is to coil up a thin sheet of copper or other
metal with a sheet or sheets of iron or steel, and subject them to heat until
the two metals are thoroughly fused together.
I also construct plates by weaving together bars or rods of irons or steel to

page_text: form a kind of wickerwork, and then unite them by immersion in molten
copper or other metals. Or I coil together a number of links of hoop iron, and
form thereof a coat of mail, and cover it with brass or other metals in a molten
state. For coating the surfaces of cylinders or tubes with coppers, brass, or
other like metals, I first clean thoroughly the surface to be covered and fix
thereto a lining or covering formed of a sheet or number of sheets, or a tube of
copper or other metal, also having its surface thoroughly cleaned, and secure
them firmly together, and after immersing them in borax or other flux unite
them by the application of heat.
Figures 9 and 10 shew two views of apparatus such as I prefer to employ
when coating a cylinder with copper, brass, or other like metals, by coiling
thereon a sheet of metal until the desired thickness is obtained, and then
uniting them by heat. a is a cylinder, upon which the copper, brass, or other
like metal has been coiled, as is well understood the coating metal is
prevented uncoiling by screws a', or in other suitable manner. In order to
cause the union of the coating metal with the cylinder by heat, I place the
cylinder in a box c, lined with fire-clay or loam, the two halves of which box
are firmly secured together by rings c¹, aided by cotters, as shown, the discs or
plates c are driven firmly in at each end until they abut against the ends of
the cylinder a, I then subject the box c, with the cylinder therein, to heat in a
furnace until the union of the copper or other coating metal with the cylinder
is obtained.
Figures 11 and 12 show two views of another arrangement. In these
views I have shewn the coating metal to consist of short tubes b', which are
driven on to the cylinder by any suitable means. Like parts are marked with
similar letters of reference to these employed in the previous Figures.
Another method is to first cover the surface of iron or steel with a thin
coating of the same or a similar metal to that which is to be united thereto,
and after cleaning and immersing them in borax unite them by heat as above
described. The same methods can be employed for the coating of plates or
sheets of iron or steel for the construction of ships or for other objects.
Another method is to place the object to be coated in a box or mould,
leaving a space therein to form the thickness of the coating, and after making
the mould to the required heat to cause to flow through it a stream of molten
metal which is continued till it is found that the two metals are united.
When the opening in the mould through which the metal passes out is closed,
the space left for the coating is filled up, and then allowed to partially cool,
and is then passed between rollers.
Figures 13 and 14 shew a longitudinal section and plan of apparatus such

page_text: as I employ when carrying out this part of my Invention. a is a cylinder, to
which a coating of copper is to be applied, it is placed in a box b, which is
formed in two halves and lined with loam or fire-clay, as shewn, leaving a
space between the lining of the loam or fire-clay, and the cylinder a of the
thickness of coating desired thereon. I first heat the box b, and when a
suitable heat is obtained, I pour in at the openings b' melted copper, brass, or
other coating metal which is for a time allowed to flow out at the opening b³,
until the two metals are united, the opening be is then closed, the space for the
coating is filled up, and then the metal is allowed to partially cool when it is
passed between rollers.
In the manufacture of plates or other objects for ornamental purposes, I
first cut or stamp in a plate of iron or steel the design or form of the ornament
to be represented, and then after preparing the plate in the ordinary manner,
I place it in a mould or box so arranged that the molten metal shall fill up
the figure or design made in the plate. After the mould has been immersed
in the molten metal, or the metal has been poured into the mould, the plate
is allowed to cool, and can then be taken out of the mould, and the surface
made perfectly smooth and polished so as to shew clearly the ornament there
represented. Instead of using iron or steel I sometimes use plates of copper
or brass or other metals, and fill up the ornamental design with silver, gold,
or other metals.
Figures 15 and 16 shew two views of an ornamental plate constructed in
this manner, the part a may be of iron, copper, or other metal, which is
perforated with the design desired, or the design may be simply sunk therein
in any well known manner; these perforations or recesses are then filled up
by pouring melted metal therein, or by immersion in a bath of melted metal,
the surface may then be cleaned and polished as is well understood.
In witness whereof, I, the said Marie Celeste de Casteras Sinibaldi, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
MADIN
GINIDAL DI