İmprovements in the Method of Manufacture of Tiles, Pipes, Chimney Pots, Bricks, and the like.
Year: 1899

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
İmprovements in the Method of Manufacture of Tiles, Pipes, Chimney
Pots, Bricks, and the like.
I, JAMES PURVIS, of Bishop's House, No. 1, Bishopsgate Street, in the City of
London, Brickmaker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The present invention relates to a method of producing more quickly and
cheaply than has hitherto been possible, tiles, pipes, chimney pots, bricks and the
like, and has for its object the production of tiles, pipes, chimney pots and
bricks of any desired shape in such a way that they have uniform colour through-
out, with a smooth fine surface and require no subsequent rubbing or finishing.
For this purpose I take unslacked lime and sharp clean dry sand in suitable
proportions according to circumstances and when required suitable colouring
matter in proportion depending on the colour matter.
I then place the dry mixture into a receiver, fitted with a mechanical contrivance
for mixing and amalgamating the mixture. I then admit steain in sufficient
quantities to give the necessary degree of cohesion, when sufficiently amalgamated
and cohesive I withdraw the mixture from the receiver. I then mould the
mixture into the desired shapes, and place them into a heating chamber, after
which the latter is closed, but not made air or steam tight. I then heat pre-
ferably by admitting steam into a coil placed along the bottom of the heating
chamber, and I admit free steam into the chamber itself, the object being to
allow steam to freely circulate in and around the shaped articles which have been
suitably placed for this purpose in the heating chamber. The temperature is
gradually raised during a period of 10 hours up to a temperature of 80 degrees C.
and maintained for a period of seventy four hours. The temperature is then
allowed to gradually fall for a period of six hours, and when reduced sufficiently
the articles can be removed and are available for use. The proportions of materials
and the time of treatment varies according to the character of product desired.
D1 L
1000
FELL & JAMES,
1, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
-
The present invention relates to a method of producing more quickly and
cheaply than has hitherto been possible, tiles, pipes, chimney pots, bricks and the
like, and has for its object the production of such articles of any desired shape
in such a way that they have uniform colour throughout, with a smooth fine
surface, and require no subsequent rubbing or finishing.
For this purpose I take unslacked lime and sharp clean dry sand or ground
slag in suitable proportions according to circumstances, and when required suit-
able colouring matter in proportion depending on the colour required.
I then place the dry mixture into a receiver, fitted with a mechanical con-
trivance for mixing and amalgamating the mixture. I then admit steam in
sufficient quantities to give the necessary degree of cohesion, when sufficiently
amalgamated and cohesive I withdraw the mixture from the receiver.
I then mould the mixture into the desired shapes, and place them into a
heating chamber, after which the latter is closed, but not made air or steam tight.
I then apply heat preferably by admitting steam into a coil placed along the
bottom of the heating chamber and I admit free steam into the chamber itself,
the object being to allow steam to freely circulate in and around the shaped
articles which_have_been_suitably placed for this purpose in the heating
chamber. The temperature is now gradually raised-during-a-period of about
10 hours to a temperature ranging from 80° C. in the case of sand to 100° C.
in the case of slag-and-maintained-for-a-period of from 70 to 100 hours according
_to the character and size of the article treated. The temperature is then allowed
to gradually fall for a period-of-about-six-hours-and-when-sufficiently reduced
the articles can be removed and are available for use.
The proportions of materials and the time of treatment may vary according
to the size and character of the product desired. I have found in practice that
12% of lime-and-87%-of-sand-or-15%_of_lime and 85% of slag give very
satisfactory results.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
A process for the manufacture of tiles, pipes, chimney pots and the like con-
sisting of the thorough mixture of the solid materials in a dry state in a dry
mixer the admission of steam thereto to give cohesion to the particles of the
mixture, the moulding of the mixture in suitable moulds, the treatment of the
moulded material in a heating chamber in an atmosphere of steam, the chamber
being gradually raised for about 10 hours to a temperature of from 80° C. to 100° C.
and maintained there at for some 70 to 100 hours and the final gradual cooling
of the product, substantially as described.
Dated this 25th day of November 1899
FELL & JAMES,
1, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.