Improvements in machinery or apparatus
Year: 1886

page_text: We JOSEPH ALLEN BAKER, WILLIAM KING BAKER, and GEORGE SAMUEL BAKER
all of 58 City Road, in the County of Middlesex, Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to Improvements in machinery or apparatus for making
macaroons or other cakes or biscuits from soft and adhesive dough or for icing
biscuits the objects being to render the whole of the parts automatic in their
action so that the duties of the attendant when the inachine is once set in
motion may be limited to removing the full cake pans and replacing the same by
empty ones.
This apparatus comprises the usual dough box or hopper provided at the bottom
with a removable nozzle plate and cut off slide. A vertical plunger having an
intermittent descending motion forces the material through the nozzles on to the
cake pans which rest on a rising and falling table and have a progressive motion
imparted to them by means of projections attached to an endless travelling chain.
When the biscuits are deposited on paper a series of fingers are employed to.
prevent the paper. being raised from the pan during the descent of the latter.
Provision is made for readily changing the nozzle plates and cut off slides for
regulating the time of action of the latter, for giving extra motion at regular
intervals to the travelling chains in order to avoid depositing the material on the
adjacent edges of two plates, and for reversing the motion of the plunger and
throwing the same clear of the orifice of the dough-box when a fresh supply of
dough is necessary.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 is a side elevation of the machine and Figure 2 an end elevation
thereof looking in the direction of the arrow a in Figure 1. Figure 3 is a sectional
plan view taken through the line b c on Figure 1 and Figure 4 is a sectional plan
view taken through the line de on the same figure. Figure 5 is a transverse
section of the lower portion of the machine taken through the line fg on Figure 4.
Figures 6. 7. 8. 9, 10 and 11 are details of parts hereinafter described
view similar letters indicate identical parts of the machine.
In each

page_text: A and A¹ are the two side frames, rigidly braced together by cross bars or
rails A².
B is the dough box which rests on a bed or table B1 extending across the
machine. The box is hinged to the table at B' and secured thereto at the other
side by catches B which when released permit the box to be turned bodily over
leaving the bottom thereof exposed. The bottom consists of the plate B provided
with nozzles B³ which may be opened or closed by the movements of the perforated
plate B which slides in a dovetail channel formed in the plate B. The latter may
be removed by turning the turn-buttons B' which retain it in position in the
countersunk portion of the bed B¹. Figure 6 represents a vertical cross section of
the box B and parts connected therewith, Figure 7 being a plan view of the
interior.
The plunger C is mounted so as to be able to oscillate on a shaft C1 carried by
the slide blocks C which rise or fall in slideways formed in the vertical side
frames A and A¹ motion being imparted to them by the right and left handed
screws D.
E is the table underneath which at each corner is a lug E¹. When at its lowest
position the table is supported by two shafts F and F which pass through the
lugs E¹ and also through blocks E resting within vertical slotted openings formed
at each end of the frames A and A'. The shafts F and F also carry the chain
wheels G over which pass endless chains provided at intervals with projections G¹.
The cake pans are placed upon the chains between the projections which ensure
their regular progress from end to end of the machine, the lateral position of the
said pans being regulated by guides or rails E³ extending the whole lengths of the
table E.
H are a series of fingers mounted on a square rocking shaft H¹ the rounded
ends of which are supported in brackets H2 bolted to the framework. These
fingers are for the purpose of preventing the papers upon which the dough is
deposited from adhering to the nozzles as on account of its lightness, it would
otherwise be likely to do. These fingers being secured by set screws may be placed
at any distance apart according to the number of nozzles or removed entirely from
the shaft when not required, one side of the square portion surrounding the
bhaft being hinged at H³, as shown in the enlarged view Figure 8 and kept in
position by the spring cutch H by depressing which the finger is released.
The mechanism for effecting the various movements is as follows.
Jis the main driving shaft on one end of which are the three speed pullies J¹
and on the other a crank arm J' the throw of which may be varied by the screw J³.
By means of the connecting rod J' the crank arm imparts an oscillatory motion to
à forked lever J³ provided with a pawl J which takes into the teeth of a ratchet
wheel fixed on the end of a shaft K. The continuous rotary motion of the shaft J
thus imparts an intermittent rotary motion to, the shaft K the extent of each
• motion being regulated by the 'screw J7 by turning which 'the block Je may be
inoved nearer to or further from the shaft K which forms the fulcrum of the
lever J. On a feather in the shaft K slides the driving half of a coupling box K¹
the other half being attached to a sleeve K* also provided with a feather on which
slides' the sleeve K³ carrying two cog-wheels K* and K³. When the halves of the
coupling K¹ are in gear as shewn in Figure 4 the intermittent motion of the shaft K
is imparted through the trains of spür gearing K'K' K' and the 'two pairs of bevil
wheels K³ and K¹º to the screws D and by them to the plunger C which is thereby
caused to descend. Simultaneously with the descent of the plunger the table Ę is
raised by means of cams L fixed on the driving shaft J which cams depress 'two
pairs of levers Laud L³ fulcrummed respectively at L³ and L and connected by
leans of rods or links L with the shaft F and F¹ upon which the table E is
supported. When the elevation of the table is completed the cams L allow it to
"dwell" sufficiently long to receive the 'dough deposited through the nozzles B.
The latter are then closed by the sliding plate B actuated by mechanism hereinafter
described and the table commences to descend. During the descent of the table
•

page_text: the chains resting thereon along with the cake pans are moved forward by means
of a rod M connected at one end to the crank J' and at the other end to a slotted
lever M¹ which carries a pawl M³, the latter gearing into the teeth of a ratchet
wheel M³ mounted on the end of the shaft F. In order to leave a margin at the
sides of the pans as well as to guard against any of the material being deposited
over the adjacent edges thereof it is necessary to impart additional movement to
the chains after the filling of each pan. This takes place once in each revolution
of the wheels G the common circumference of which is equal to the length of a pan
and the mechanism for imparting the extra motion is clearly shown in Figure 9
which in partial side elevation of the machine looked at in the direction of the
arrow h. On the shaft J is a notched wheel M' and a rocking lever M³ carrying a
pawl M6, the rocking lever being actuated by the eccentric M' and rod M³. The
pawl Me rests on the periphery of the wheel M until the notch in the latter comes
within reach when the pawl drops into it and turns the wheel round the requisite
extra distance. The eccentric is timed to operate either before or after the regular
motion of the pans has taken place otherwise the desired result would not be
obtained. Figure 9 also shews the mechanism for operating the fingers H. This
consists of a cam H* mounted on the shaft J which cam raises a rod H³ and lever
arm H the latter being attached to the shaft H¹ on which the fingers are mounted.
The cam effects the gradual depression of the fingers coincidently with the elevation
of the table E and as the latter commences to lower the end of the rod M5 slips off
the summit of the cam H and the fingers are quickly raised by the spring H7.
The cut-off slide B is controlled by the cam plate N on the shaft J. A runner
on the end of the rod N¹ enters the groove of the cam and communicates the
motion imparted thereby, to the bell crank lever N³ one end of which is contained
within the yoke B' attached to the slide plate. In order to vary the time and
extent of the cut off we employ a wedge N³ which rests within the yoke B7 and
enlarges or diminishes the extent of play thereon for the end of the lever N³. The
position of the wedge N³ is regulated by means of the screw N' and nut N5
working within the bracket No.
The mechanism for reversing the action of the machine and raising the plunger
is shewn in Figures 4 and 5. On the shaft O is formed a screw which causes a
nut O¹ to travel slowly from one end thereof to the other of the shaft during the
descent of the plunger. The nut is prevented from revolving with the screw by
the pin O which passes through a slot in a sliding portion 05 of the pedestal Oʻ.
Attached to the nut O¹ is a bar 05 which carries an adjustable stop 06. A lever P
fulcrummed at P¹ on a rail P2 carries at each end a stud one of which enters the
groove around the driving portion of the coupling box K¹ and the other a groove
around the cam R on the shaft J. The lever P is hinged at P³ but is kept straight,
when not otherwise operated on, by the spring P. In a dovetailed groove in the
pedestal O slides a block O' which acts on a lever S fulcrummed at S¹ and
controlling at the other end the driving half of the clutch box S to the loose half
of which is attached a toothed wheel S³. When the stop 06 reaches the lever P it
causes it to turn on its fulcrum throwing the coupling K¹ out of gear. As soon as
this is effected the other end of the lever drops into the helical groove in the cam R
which imparts a quick lateral motion to the lever and brings it into contact with
the raised or prominent portion 07 of the block 03 shewn in detail in Figures 10
and 11 thereby causing the latter to slide in its groove and give the requisite
motion to the lever S for placing the halves of the coupling S into gear. The
rotation of the shaft K being suspended the motion of the shaft J is transmitted
directly by the wheel S³ to the wheels K8, K2, K10 and serves D in a reversed
direction. The plunger C is thereby raised and when clear of the box B a bow! C³
attached to an arm C comes in contact with a stationary cam or incline C³ and
tilts the plunger sideways as shewn in Figure 1 leaving the top of the box B
exposed.
When the stud in the end of the rod P has nearly traversed the course of the
cam groove R it is raised clear thereof by an incline formed on the bar Q³ and

page_text: when the machine is again ready to start in its original direction the attendant
pulls it back to the position shewn in Figure 4 by means of the handle T acting
on lever T¹ and link T. The speed at which the machine works may be varied
by means of the change wheels K³ and K".
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is
1stly The complete machine constructed and operated substantially as herein
specified.
2ndly In a machine such as described the combination with table E of fingers
such as H and apparatus for keeping the said fingers in contact with the table or
with the paper thereon during the descent thereof until the dough is completely
separated from the nozzles B5 substantially as specified.
3rdly In a machine such as described the combination with a plunger C of parts
such as C C and C5 for moving the plunger clear of the dough box B substantially
as specified.
4thly In a machine such as described the combination with the screws D of parts
ṣuch as J³, J³, J‘, J³, Jº, K, K¹, K³, K³ K' K³ Kº K' K8 K and K10 for effecting the
descent of the plunger; and, with parts such as 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 06, 07, P, P¹,
P³, P³, P. R, S S¹, S3, and S³ for reversing the motion of the plunger the whole
constructed and operating substantially as specified.
Dated this 19th dair of June 1900
JOSEPH ALLEN BAKER.
W KING BAKER.
GEORGE SAML BAKER.