Improvements in and in connection with Apparatus for Heating Water for Domestic or other Purposes, or for Heating Liquids other than Water.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Aug., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 21st May, 1896-Accepted, 4th July, 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and in connection with Apparatus for Heating
Water for Domestic or other Purposes, or for Heating Liquids
other than Water.
:
I, BENJAMIN HART of Kimberley, Cape of Good Hope, at present residing at
6, Pembridge Road, Notting Hill Gate, London, Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in aud in connection with apparatus for
heating water for domestic or other purposes such as for bath or shaving or
washing purposes or for making tea or coffee or for heating liquids such as soup
or milk or for any other liquids or purposes for which same may be adapted and is
designed to provide an apparatus simple and inexpensive in construction and
portable (or same can be fixed if desired) which will very rapidly heat the water
or liquid therein or as same is passed therethrough and furthermore an especial
object of this invention is to heat the water or liquid without the latter coming in
contact with or being contaminated by the flame or fumes or products of combus-
tion of the burner or heating medium-any suitable burner or source of heat being
used in my apparatus.
My present invention is as follows:
In a metal or other suitable wall or case of any suitable shape carried on feet or
on a stand or otherwise suitably supported I arrange and mount at the upper part
thereof a reservoir or receiver of any suitable size and shape into which the water
or liquid to be heated is fed or supplied in any suitable manner for instance it may
flow into same from a tap or pipe or it may be poured into same (through a suitable
feeding orifice or funnel) from a jug or can or otherwise as desired-or same may
be fed or forced into the apparatus at the bottom or any other suitable point.
For the sake of brevity I shall hereinafter use the term "water" to mean and
include water or any other liquid which this apparatus is adapted to heat.
From this reservoir or receiver the "water" descends through one or more
pipes or passages into the uppermost of a series of heating chambers or closed
vessels arranged nearly horizontally one below the other as hereinafter explained.
This chamber is in the form of a shallow pan or vessel closed all round and at
the top and of any suitable shape for instance rectangular about one foot square
and inch in depth or other suitable size and proportions.
For the sake of brevity I shall hereinafter refer to this receptacle or closed
vessel as a "
heating pan."
Inside this heating pan there are arranged one or more water spreading devices
or deflecting plates advantageously three such devices may be used extending
transversely across the pan and having the openings therein of varying sizes forms
numbers and positions so that the water as it flows down the plate will be spread
and also have its course changed and thus ensure same being heated in a most
rapid manner these distributing devices or deflecting plates are advantageously
less in height than the heating pan so that in the event of a rush of water
thereby the latter will be permitted to flow over the top of these distributing
devices.
From the lowest point of this first heating pan which is placed on a suitable
slope say to the left the water passes out therefrom through one or more passages
advantageously in the extreme corners thereof into the next heating pan which is
similarly arranged and disposed below same only slanting or inclined in the

page_text: opposite direction and so on through as many such heating pans as desired say 5
(or more or less) and finally the water arrives in a collecting pan or vessel at or
Dear the bottom of the apparatus from which same is discharged in any suitable
manner for instance same may pass out through a spout or be drawn off through a
Buitable cock or tap from time to time as desired.
This bottom collecting chamber may (especially when the water passes through
from top to bottom) advantageously be arranged with vertical division plates (non-
perforated) resting on the bottom and extending alternately from the one side and
the other but not for the whole width of the chamber so that the water is thus
guided by these divisions and thereby caused to take a zig-zag course before
arriving at the point of outlet.
Any suitable heating medium may be used for instance hydro-carbon burner gas
flame spirit lamp etc. and applied in any suitable manner according to the nature
thereof for instance one or more of these may be suitably mounted or arranged
under each of the heating pans so that each such heating pan is separately heated
independently of the others or these heating pans may have a passage or passages
arranged vertically through same so that a central or other passage or passages
(through said pans) would thus be arranged from the bottom up to the top heating
pan (which latter would not need to have any passage therethrough) and a
powerful gas or oil or other suitable burner or burners being arranged in the
bottom part of the apparatus and the flame or flames or heat therefrom would thus
ascend through such passage or passages and spread beneath each of the aforesaid
heating pans (a "spreader" or device or special means being advantageously
provided at each such passage or opening through each pan respectively to spread
the flame or a part of said flame while permitting the rest of same to pass upwards
through said opening-as hereinafter explained) and thereby the whole of the
latter can be heated from one burner or source of heat instead of from independent
sources.
As a modification in the construction of the pans the bottoms thereof may be
corrugated or otherwise suitably formed.
Any suitable spreading device or means may be used at each said opening or
passage through the pans for spreading or diverting the flame or flames so that a
portion of each such flame or flames (as it ascends through the pans) is diverted or
directed under each pan while the main body or remainder of said flame or flames
passes through the aforesaid passage or opening in the pan and ascends to the
opening or passage in the next pan above where another spreading device acts
to again divert or direct a further portion of said flame under said second pan
while permitting the remainder to pass through said second pan and so on.
The following is a special device or flame spreader I have found to act very
well :-
In or on or below each opening or flame passage through the aforesaid "heating
pan" I arrange form or mount a truncated conical ring or flange (of any suitable
material to resist great heat) descending below the bottom of said pan (to a depth
of say 1 inch or more or less) and tapering inwards for instance somewhat funnel
shaped so that the ascending flame strikes or meets the bottom edge of this funnel
shaped device (which edge may be flanged or sharp or rounded or otherwise as
desired) and while the main body of the flame can freely pass through the central
opening in, this device a portion of said flame is by the outside of this cone diverted
or directed beneath the pan which it thereby serves to heat and so on with each
.pan excepting or including the top pan as desired.
Also the aforesaid passage or opening through each pan may be formed or
arranged conically or flanged or otherwise as desired.
Instead of the water descending as hereinbefore described-if desired the water
may ascend through the apparatus that is it may enter at or near the bottom or
any other desired point and be drawn off at or near the top or at any other desired
point and may. be forced through the apparatus. by connecting the heating pan to
the water main or other suitable supply of water under pressure.

page_text: For purposes such as keeping ready a supply of hot or boiling water for drawing
off intermittently such as may be required in restaurants or public-houses or for
other uses-I may connect the top heating pan or reservoir or other part to the
bottom pan or other part by a pipe or pipes or other suitable connection to cause or
permit circulation of the water within the apparatus.
The case or outer wall instead of fitting close around the apparatus may have a
suitable space say inch or more or less all round between the sides of the said
heating pans and the said case so that the heat can pass up between same-suitable
vent holes or means being provided in the top or other part of the case to allow the
products of combustion to pass out.
If desired another and outer case may be added with a clear air space between
sanie and the aforesaid inner wall or case.
Suitable means are provided in said case or cases to gain access to the interior
of the apparatus for removing or lighting the burner or burners cleaning etc. and
also an aperture or apertures may be provided through which the burner or burners
can be seen if desired.
In addition to the water being very rapidly heated as before stated as soon as
any steam is formed in the lower part or parts of the apparatus same will naturally
pass upwards and meet the descending water which latter will consequently
condense and absorb said steam and at the same time the steam will thereby serve
to increase the heat of said water-provision being made if desired at the top of
the apparatus to permit the escape of any steam accumulating at that point.
Thus it will be seen that my apparatus can be used either for heating a flow of
water passing through same or instead thereof same may be filled with water which
is heated to the desired degree (even up to boiling point) and drawn off from.time
to time as required.
When gas is used as the source of heat-I may advantageously use a "bye-pass"
or "pilot-light" as a means of lighting said gas burner as is well understood (or a
sell-lighting device for igniting the gas may be used) and in combination and
acting in conjunction therewith I may provide or arrange a single lever or handle
so connected respectively to the gas supply and to the water supply or to the cocks
or valves respectively controlling same that by the movement of said handle or
starting device thereby the water will be turned on into said apparatus and the gas
simultaneously turned on and the latter being automatically ignited as aforesaid-
thereby the whole apparatus is properly set going in one operation and without fear
of burning or injuring the water-heating pans before the water is turned on or
explosion, such as frequently occur in water-beating appliances or
"geysers
heretofore constructed.
as
D this
с A 1005
Improvements in and in connection with Apparatus for Heating
Water for Domestic or other Purposes, or for Heating Liquids'
other than Water.
I, BENJAMIN HART of Kimberley, Cape of Good Hope, Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to he
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in and in connection with apparatus for

page_text: heating water for domestic or other purposes such as for bath or shaving or
washing purposes or for making tea or coffee or for beating liquids such as soup
or milk or for any other liquids or purposes for which same may be adapted and is
designed to provide an apparatus simple and inexpensive in construction and portable
(or same can be fixed if desired) which will very rapidly heat the water of liquid
therein or as same is passed therethrough and furthermore an especial object of
this invention is to heat the water or liquid without the latter coming in contact
with or being contaminated by the flame or fumes or products of combustion of the
burner or heating medium-any suitable burner or source of heat being used in my
apparatus.
And in order that my invention may be easily understood and readily carried
into practice I will proceed to fully describe same with reference to the drawings
hereunto annexed.
Fig. 1 is a part sectional side view of my apparatus.
Fig. 2 is an end view of same i.e. taken at right angles to Fig. 1 and showing the
interior arrangement of the parts.
Fig. 3 is a plan of one of the closed heating chambers or "heating pans" with
the cover or top thereof removed, and
29-
Fig. 4 is a similar view of the lowermost heating chamber or "collecting pan."
Fig. 5 is vertical sectional view on line 1-1 Fig. 1 (looking in the direction
of the arrow 2) showing the distributing devices in the heating pans.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout.
In a metal or other suitable wall or case a of any suitable shape carried on feet b
or on a stand or otherwise suitably supported I arrange and mount at the upper
part thereof a reservoir or receiver c of any suitable size and shape into which the
water or liquid to be heated is fed or supplied in any suitable manner for instance
it may flow into same from a tap or pipe or it may be poured into same (through a
suitable feeding orifice or funnel such as d) from a jug or can or otherwise as
desired or same may be fed or forced into the apparatus at the bottom or any
other suitable point as desired.
For the sake of brevity I shall hereinafter use the term "water" to mean and
include water or any other liquid which this apparatus is adapted to heat.
From this reservoir or receiver c the "water" descends through one or more
pipes or passages cl into the uppermost e of a series of heating chambers or closed
vessels ehj& arranged nearly horizontally (i.e. sloping in opposite directions
alternately) onc below the other as hereinafter explained.
Each of these chambers is in the form of a shallow pan or vessel closed all round
and at the top and of any suitable shape for instance rectangular about one foot
square and inch in depth or other suitable size and proportions.
For the sake of brevity 1 shall hereinafter refer to this receptacle or closed
vessel as a "heating pan.'
Inside each of these heating pans there are arranged one or more water-spreading
devices or deflecting plates f advantageously three such devices may be used
extending transversely across the pan (see Fig. 3) and having a series of openings
therein (either as shown in Fig. 5 or these openings may be of varying sizes forms
numbers and positions so that the water as it flows along the bottom of each pan
will be spread and also have its course changed and thus ensure same (i.e. the
water) being heated in a most rapid manner-these distributing devices or
deflecting plates are advantageously less in height than the heating pan (see
Figs. 1 and 5) so that in the event of a rush of water thereby the latter will be
permitted to flow over the top of these distributing devices f...
From the lowest point of this first heating pane which is placed on a suitable
slope say to the left (as shown in Fig. 1) the water passes out therefrom through
one or more passages advantageously two passages g in the extreme corners thereof
into the next heating pan h which is similarly arranged and disposed below same
only slanting or inclined in the opposite direction thence by passage i into the
panj and from the latter by passage k into pan and so on through as many such

page_text: heating pans as desired say four as shown viz.: ehjand 1 (or more or less) and
finally the water arrives in the collecting pan or vessel at or near the bottom of
the apparatus from which same is discharged in any suitable manner for instance
same may pass out through a spout or be drawn off through a suitable cock or
tap m from time to time as desired.
This bottom collecting chamber / may (especially when the water passes through
from top to bottom) advantageously be arranged with vertical division plates 1, 2, 3,
(non-perforated) resting on the bottom and extending alternately from the one side
and the other but not for the whole width of the chamber (as shown in Fig. 4) so
that the water is thus guided by these divisions and thereby caused to take a
zig-zag course before arriving at the point of outlet m.
Any suitable heating medium may be used for instance hydro-carbon burner gas
flame spirit lamp etc. and applied in any suitable manner according to the nature
thereof for instance one or more of these may be suitably mounted or arranged
under each of the heating pans ehj and I respectively so that each such heating
pan is separately heated independently of the others or these heating pans may have
a passage or passages n arranged vertically through same so that a central or other
passage or passages (through said pans) would thus be arranged from the bottom
up to the top heating pan (which latter would not need to have any passage there-
through) and a powerful gas or oil or other suitable burner or burners being
arranged in the bottom part of the apparatus and the flame or flames or heat
therefrom would thus ascend through such passage or passages n and spread
beneath each of the aforesaid heating pans (a "spreader or device or special
incans being advantageously provided at each such passage or opening through
each pan respectively to spread the flame or a part of said flame while permitting
the rest of same to pass upwards through said opening-as hereinafter explained)
and thereby the whole of the latter can be heated from one burner or source of heat
instead of from independent sources.
As a modification in the construction of the pans the bottoms thereof may be
corrugated or otherwise suitably formed.
Any suitable spreading device or means may be used at each said opening or
passage n through the pans for spreading or diverting the flame or flames so that a
portion of each such flame or flames (as it ascends through the pans) is diverted or
directed under each pan while the main body or remainder of said flame or flames
passes through the aforesaid passage or opening n in the pan and ascends to the
opening or passage in the next pan above where another spreading device acts to
again divert or direct a further portion of said flame under said second pan while
permitting the remainder to pass through said second pan and so on.
The following is a special device or flame spreader I have found to act very
well:-
66
In or on or below each opening or flame passage n through the aforesaid
beating pan "; I arrange form or mount a truncated conical ring or flange (of.
any suitable material to resist great heat) descending below the bottom of said
panj (to a depth of say 1 inch or more or less) and tapering inwards for instance
a somewhat funnel-shaped device o so that the ascending flame strikes or meets the
bottom edge of this funnel shaped device o (which edge may be flanged or sharp or
rounded or otherwise as desired) and while the main body of the flame can freely
pass through the central opening n in this device a portion of said flame is by
the outside of this cone o diverted or directed beneath the pan ; which it
thereby serves to heat and so on with each pan--excepting (or including) the top
pane as desired.
Also the aforesaid passage or opening n through each pan may be formed or
arranged conically or Hanged or otherwise as desired.
Instead of the water descending as hereinbefore described-if desired the water
may ascend through the apparatus that is it may enter at or near the bottom .or
any other desired point and be drawn off at or near the top or at any other desired,

page_text: point and may be forced through the apparatus by connecting the heating pan to
the water main or other suitable supply of water under pressure.
For purposes such as keeping ready a supply of hot or boiling water for drawing
off intermittently such as may be required in restaurants or public-houses or for
other uses I may connect the top heating pan or reservoir or other part to the
bottom pan or other part by a pipe or pipes or other suitable connection to cause
or permit circulation of the water within the apparatus.
The case or outer wall a instead of fitting close around the apparatus may have
a suitable space say inch or more or less all round between the sides of the said
beating pans and the said case so that the heat can pass up between same--suitable
vent holes or means being provided in the top or other part of the case to allow
the products of combustion to pass out.
If desired another and outer case (not shown) may be added with a clear air
space between same and the aforesaid inner wall or case.
Suitable means are provided in said case or cases to gain access to the interior
of the apparatus for removing or lighting the burner or burners cleaning etc. and
also an aperture or apertures may be provided through which the burner or burners
can be seen if desired.
In addition to the water being very rapidly heated as before stated as soon as
any steam is formed in the lower part or parts of the apparatus same will naturally
pass upwards and meet the descending water which latter will consequently
condense and absorb said steam and at the same time the steam will thereby serve
to increase the heat of said water-provision being made if desired at the top of
the apparatus to permit the escape of any steam accumulating at that point.
Thus it will be seen that my apparatus can be used either for heating a flow of
water passing through same or instead thereof same may be filled with water which
is heated to the desired degree (even up to boiling point) and drawn off from time
to time as required.
"
When gas is used as the source of heat-I may advantageously use a "bye-pass
or "pilot-light" as a means of lighting said gas burner as is well understood (or a
self-lighting device for igniting the gas may be used) and in combination and
acting in conjunction therewith I may provide or arrange a single lever or handle
so connected respectively to the gas supply and to the water supply or to the cocks
or valves respectively controlling same that by the movement of said handle or
starting device thereby the water will be turned on into said apparatus and the gas
simultaneously turned on and the latter being automatically ignited as aforesaid-
thereby the whole apparatus is properly set going in one operation and without
fear of burning or injuring the water-heating pans before the water is turned on or
gas explosion such as frequently occurs in water-heating appliances or geysers
as heretofore constructed.
66
"
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In apparatus for the purposes described-the combination with a closed
"heating pan in which the water is heated as it passes through same of a
distributing device or devices such as f substantially as herein before set forth.
2. In apparatus for the purposes described-the arrangement and combination of
a series of superposed closed "heating pans" with distributing devices such as fin
said pans substantially as herein before set forth.
3. In apparatus for the purposes described-the combination with a closed
"heating pan" having a vertical passage or opening through said pan of a device
such as o to divert part of the flame or flames passing up through said opening
substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein before set forth.
14. In apparatus for the purposes described-the arrangement and combination
of a series of superposed closed heating pans connected to one another and having

page_text: a coincident vertical passage or opening through some or all of said pans and a
device such as o on the underside of each pan having said passage therethrough to
divert a part of the flame or flames substantially in the manner and for the purposes
hereinbefore set forth.
5. The arrangement and combination with an outer cover or casing of a reservoir
such as c a series of superposed closed heating pans such as e hj and 7 connection or
connections from said reservoir to the uppermost of said pans and connections from
each said pan to the one below same vertical openings through said pan arranged
so as to coincide and thereby form a vertical passage right through said pans
(except or including the uppermost one) and a device such as o provided at said
opening in each said pan to divert a part of the flame passing up said vertical
passage and distributing devices such as provided in said closed pans substantially
in the manner and for the purposes herein before described and illustrated in the
drawings hereunto annexed."
6. Apparatus for heating water for domestic or other purposes or for heating
liquids other than water arranged constructed combined and acting substantially in
the manner and for the purposes herein before described and illustrated in the
drawings hereunto annexed.
Dated this 18 way of Day To
TONGUE & BIRKBECK,
Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C..
Agents for the Applicant.