IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR GRINDING THE TEETH OF CARD CYLINDERS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
GG, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR GRINDING THE TEETH OF CARD
CYLINDERS."-A communication.
Sealed the 22nd December 1857, and dated the 27th June 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th June 1857.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declaro the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR GRINDING THE TEETH OF CARD
CYLINDERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a certain novel mode of combining a double or
right and left-handed screw to produce the traverse motion of the grinding
wheel with the said grinding wheel and its shaft. By means of this combina-
tion the parts are brought into a very compact form, and at the same time
the steadiness of the grinding wheel is so effectually secured that it will not
fail to grind the cylinders perfectly true. The grinding wheel is made of cast:
iron, and having its periphery covered with leather or other material of suitable
character to hold the emery or other substance of which the grinding surface
is composed.

page_text: The shaft of the grinding wheel consists of a hollow shell of metal, having
two heads screwed into or otherwise secured in its ends. One head has firmly
attached to it a journal and belt pulley. The grinding wheel is fitted to slide
freely on the shaft, the total length of which between the journals is about
equal to that of the main cylinder and doffer of the carding engine. Tho
traverse screw has a right and a left-hand thread crossing each other, and is
provided at one end with a journal, which is fitted to a bearing in the centre
of the head of the shaft, and at the other end it is provided with a journal,
which passes through a bearing in the centre of the other head of the shaft,
and is provided with another journal, which has firmly attached to it another
belt pulley.
The screw is fitted with shoulders inside of its journals to the inside faces
of the heads of the shaft, and therefore it is incapable of any longitudinal
movement relatively to the shaft. The shell of the shaft has a slot cut from
end to end, or nearly so, and the grinding wheel has attached to it a traversing
finger of the kind commonly applied to work in traversing screws to give a
backward and forward traversing motion. This finger passes through the
slot in the shell, and confines the wheel to the shaft in a circumferential
direction, so as to compel it to rotate with the shaft, but permit the wheel to
move longitudinally along the shaft.
When the cards require grinding, two small standards are temporarily
erected, and bolted down upon the top of the framing, and journal boxes of
proper size to receive the journals are firmly secured by means of an upright
screw, which is received in a suitable hole in the head of one of the small
standards, and secured by nuts above and below. The screws and nuts provide
for the vertical adjustment of the journal boxes, and slots made in the top
of the framing of the carding engine to receive the bolts provide for the
horizontal adjustment of the same. These two adjustments enable the shaft
of the grinding wheel to be set parallel with the axis of the main cylinder
and doffer, and in proper relation thereto for the grinding wheel to grind both
tho main cylinder and -doffer at the same time. A pulley on one end of the
shaft of the main cylinder, and a pulley on the corresponding end of the shaft
of the doffer, are driven by a band running round the said pulleys and the
pulley on the grinding wheel shaft, and serve to drive both the doffer and
the grinding wheel shaft. Another pulley, on the other end of the doffer
shaft, communicates motion by means of a band to the pulley on the end
of the traverse screw, and serves to drive said traverse screw in the same
direction as, but at a higher velocity than, the grinding wheel shaft. When
the grinder has been placed on the carding engine and properly adjusted, and

page_text: the grinding wheel shaft and traverse screw are set in motion by setting tho
main cylinder in motion, the differential movement between the screw and
the shaft causes the screw to act upon the traversing finger of the grinding
wheel, and to move the latter longitudinally upon the shaft, or give it what
is known as the "traverse motion" while it rotates with the shaft. When the
wheel arrives at either end of the shaft the finger strikes one of the stops
which are fitted or formed in the screw threads, and causes it to shift from
one to the other of the two threads, and thus cause the reversal of the traverse-
motion, and hence the wheel moves back and forth repeatedly over the face
of the doffer and main cylinder, while all three rotate until the card teeth
have been ground truly.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed:
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office-
on the 24th December 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County:
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters.
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Edward Newton, Her special license, that I, the said William
Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR GRINDING THE TEETH OF CARD CYLINDERS," being a
communication from abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said William Edward Newton, by an instrument in writing under my.
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton; do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by tho
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
This Invention of "Improved Machinery for Grinding the Teeth of Card
Cylinders consists in a certain novel mode of combining a double.or right
and left-handed screw to produce the traverse motion of the grinding wheel
with the said grinding whool and its shaft. By means of this combination
the parts are brought into a very compact form, and at the same time the
steadiness of the grinding wheel is so effectually secure
to grind the cylinders perfectly true.
that it will not fail
The novel or improved arrangement of parts which constitutes the Invention
is shown in the accompanying Drawing, in which Fig. 1 is a side view of the
main cylinder and doffer, and part of the framing of a carding engine, showing
also a card grinder with the present improvements applied, to grind the teeth
of the main cylinder and doffer simultaneously; Fig. 2 is a plan view, corre-
sponding with Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a longitudinal view, on a larger scale than
Figures 1 and 2, of the grinder detached from the carding engine, exhibiting
the grinding wheel and its shaft in section. Similar letters of reference indicate
corresponding parts in the several Figures.
The framing of the carding engine is shewn at F, F, and the main cylinder
at M. The doffer D and the main cylinder M are both applied and operate
in the usual manner.
The grinding wheel, shewn at A, in Figures 1, 2, and 3, is made of cast
iron, and its periphery is covered with leather or other material of suitable
character to hold the emery or other substance of which the grinding surface
is composed. The shaft of the grinding wheel A is seen at B, c, d, (Fig. 3,)
and consists of a hollow shell or tube B of metal, having two heads ċ and d
screwed into or otherwise secured in its ends. The head c has firmly attached
to it the journal e and the belt. pulley f. The grinding wheel A is fitted to
slide freely on the shaft B, the total length of which, between the journals e
and h, is about equal to that of the main cylinder M and doffer D of the
carding engine. The traverse screw c, which is of the usual construction,
that is, it has a right and a left-hand thread crossing each other, is placed
inside the tubular shaft B, and is provided at one end with a journal r
(Fig. 3), which is fitted to a bearing in the contre of the head c of the shaft,
and at the other end it is provided with a journal g, which passes through a
bearing in the centre of the other head d of the shaft. Outside the journal

page_text: gand the head d, the screw C is provided with another journal h, which bas
firmly attached to it another belt pulley i, of smaller diameter than the belt
pulley f, that is attached to the head c at the other end. The journal h formis
one of the journals of the grinding wheel shaft as well as of the traversé
serew C. This screw is fitted with shoulders inside of its journals r'and g
to the inside faces of the heads c and d of the shaft, and therefore it is
incapable of any longitudinal movement relatively to the shaft. The shell or
tubular part B bas a slot j cut from end to end, or nearly so, and the grinding
wheel has attached to it a swivelling finger 1, of the kind commonly applied
to work in traversing screws, so as to give a backward and forward traversing
motion. This finger passes through the slot in the shell B, and confines
the wheel to the shaft in a circumferential direction, so as to compel it to
rotate with the shaft, but permits the wheel to move longitudinally along the
shaft.
E, E, (Figures 1 and 2,) are two small standards, which when the cards
require grinding are temporarily erected, and bolted down upon the top of
the framing F by bolts p, as seen in Fig. 1. G, G, (Fig. 2,) are journal
boxes of proper size to receive the journals e and h, each of said journal boxes
having firmly secured to its bottom an upright screw m (Fig. 1), which is
received in a suitable hole in the head of one of the standards E, E, and is
secured by nuts n, n, above and below the said head. The scrws m and nuts
n, n, provide for the vertical adjustment of the journal boxes and slots made
in the top of the framing F of the carding engine. The bolts p provide for
the horizontal adjustment of the same, and these two adjustments enable the
shaft B, c, d, of the grinding wheel to be set parallel with the axes of the
main cylinder and doffer, and in proper relation thereto for the grinding wheel
to grind both the main cylinder and doffer at the same time. K (Eigures 1
and 2) is a pulley on one end of the shaft of the main cylinder, and. L is a
pulley on the corresponding end of the shaft of the doffer. A band F passes
round the pulleys K and L, and also the pulley f on the grinding wheel shaft,
and serves to drive both the doffer and the grinding wheel shaft. Another
pulley I, of the same size as the pulley L, is mounted on the other end of
the doffer shaft, and communicates motion by means of a band J, Fig. 2, to
the pulley on the end of the traverse screw C, and by that means drives this
traverse screw C in the same direction as, but at a higher velocity than, the
grinding wheel shaft.
i
When the grinder has been placed on the carding engine and properly
adjusted, and the grinding wheel shaft and traverse screw are set in motion by
setting in motion the main cylinder M of the carding machine, the differential

page_text: movement between the screw C and the shaft B causes the screw to act
upon the traversing finger 1 of the grinding wheel, and thereby to move
the latter longitudinally upon the shaft, or give it what is known as the
"traverse motion" while it rotates with the shaft. When the wheel arrives at
either end of the shaft the finger / strikes one of the stops which are fitted
or formed in the screw threads, and the finger is thereby caused to shift
from one to the other of the two threads, and thus the reversal of the traverso
motion takes place, and the wheel A moves back and forth repeatedly along
the shaft B, and over the face of the doffer and main cylinder, while all thrco
rotate until the card teeth have been ground truly. The stops for causing
the finger to be shifted from one screw thread to the other are similar in
construction and operation to those used in traverse screws that are employed
for similar purposes, although they may be somewhat differently arranged or
adapted to the grinding wheel and its shaft.
Having now described the "Improved Machinery for Grinding the Teeth
of Card Cylinders," and having explained the manner of carrying the same
into effect, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, I would
remark that what I consider to be new in the above-described improved
machinery, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, as aforesaid, is the mode
herein shewn and described, or any mere modification thereof, of constructing
and operating the grinding apparatus, and applying the same to carding
engines.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Twenty-third day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
. 66, Chancery Lane,
W. E. NEWTON.. (L.S.)