IMPROVE- MENTS IN PRINTING IN COLORS UPON PAPER OR OTHER FABRIC OR MATERIAL AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Brookes, of 62, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent and Registration Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PRINTING IN COLORS UPON PAPER OR OTHER FABRIC OR MATERIAL
AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN." A communication from abroad
by Carl Heinrich Otto Radde, of Hamburg, in the Empire of Germany,
Merchant.
Sealed the 25th July 1876, and dated the 30th May 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Brookes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th May 1876.
"
WILLIAM BROOKES, of 62, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
and Registration Agent. IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING IN COLORS UPON PAPER
OR OTHER FABRIC OR MATERIAL, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
A communication from abroad by Carl Heinrich Otto Radde, of Hamburg, in the
Empire of Germany, Merchant.
The object of the Invention is to facilitate the reproduction in quantity of copies
of pictures or representations in variety of colors or tints. :
The coloring matter employed is prepared so as to be of a comparatively solid
consistency when cold and to be readily reducible to a fluid state by heat, and for
this purpose it is placed in a tinned copper pan or other pan, not readily liable to
act chemically upon the coloring matter to injure it, and which pan is provided
with a handle to facilitate the holding of it, and with a spout or nose to facilitate
the pouring of the coloring matter therefrom when it has by heat been rendered
fluid.
The heat employed is that of a jet or jets of gas, but other clean heat may be
employed.
The various colors or tints or shades.necessary to form the required representation
are separately collected and combined, so as when combined to produce tho
representation; and these colors when combined are to be of one uniform thickness.
In carrying out this part of the Invention the colors are combined in a frame in
form adapted to the result desired, and of depth corresponding with the thickness
of the required combined mass, and the operator proceeds as follows:-Supposing
the ground or body of the picture to be black, he proceeds to fill in this frame with
the black color to a convenient extent aided by other temporary enclosing strips or
Prins 21

page_text: border, he then leaves that to solidify, and then having traced thereon the outline
of the picture or portion of picture bordering on such portion or portions of the
groundwork, he by means of a sharp knife or instrument cuts away the black color
to such outline and in a vertical direction, so that the form of every portion of the
substance shall as much as possible be like every other portion thereof; he then
applies another temporary wall or boundary plate at a distance within such outline,
corresponding with the extent of color to be used next the ground, and fills into
the space left some of the color or tint desired in a fluid state, as before, and allows
that to solidify, when he removes therefrom the temporary boundary, and by the
cutter as before reduces such coloring matter to the extent desired, and so on, with
every color, tint, or shade, step by step, until the whole representation with its
border is obtained in the frame, when there will be formed not only on the surface,
but at any portion of the thickness of the mass to the bottom of it, the same
representation. The frame and parts thereof brought into contact with fluid
coloring matters are formed of wood, for which purpose generally pear tree is used
saturated by boiling in glycerine, and the depth or thickness of coloring matter at
any time produced may be varied; to facilitate this the frame is made double, so
that one part may slide on the other, and be adjustable by screws or such like
means to vary the depth of the bottom board or granite or other plate from the
outer edge thereof; and this outer edge is plated with metal to sustain the
horizontal cutter or leveller herein-after described.
The surface of the plate should be oiled and varnished with copal varnish before
'the color is poured on it.
It is important that all the different colors or tints of coloring matter employed
be of the same density as nearly as possible, in order to insure that the same
amount of coloring matter be taken from all the colors for the time employed with
each impression.
The coloring matter found to answer the purpose best is that prepared as
follows: Tako mutton fat from near the kidneys and free from skin, and obtain by
beat the oily portion thereof, say,—
30 pounds, and add thereto, say,
15
30
712
23
"
"
white bleached beeswax.
Venetian turpentine.
bleached linseed oil.
7/2 pounds bleached poppy oil.
Heat the two first-named ingredients together to the melting point, then heat the
three latter ingredients separately so as to combine them well together, and then mix
gradually altogether, and heat to 90° celsius. The pot or kettle in which this is
done should have high walls or sides, and there is now added to the mixture one-
and-a-half pounds of caustic soda, or the same weight of a solution of soap stone in 4
water. Caution and continual stirring of the mixture is necessary. A milky
liquid covered with foam or froth will be the result, and this is boiled whilst being
continually stirred until it becomes of a thinnish liquid consistency similar to hot
oil about 110° celsius heat. A handful of clean salt (chloride of sodium) is added,
and after stirring the mixture once more it is let out by a cock or tap in the bottom
of the boiler. The mixture is allowed to run into flat pots or pans, and when cool
they are turned over and the bottom part which contains the impurities caused to
settle down by the salt is taken away with a knife. The cleared portion of this
mass is the material which is added to the required colors, which may be of the
ordinary character, but of very great purity, and after reducing them to a powdered
state they are mixed with the above, in proportions by weight of which the
following are samples, that is to say :-
Cinnabar (vermillion), say, 220 parts, added to (say) 250 parts of mass described;
Or carmine violet 50 parts added to 150 parts of the above mass;
Or carmine red 125 parts added to 375 parts of the above mass;
Or black 500 parts added to 1,200 parts of the above mass;
Or chrome yellow, dark, 500 parts added to 900 parts of above mass;

page_text: Or chrome yellow, bright, 500 parts added to 900 parts of the above mass;
Or madder carmine 250 parts added to 750 parts of the mass;
Or ultramarine 250 parts added to 500 parts of the mass;
Or emerald green 250 parts added to 500 parts of the mass;
Or white (blanc d'argent) 30 parts added to 222 parts of the mass.
The Invention is not however limited to these proportions as they may be varied
to circumstances.
The coloring matters used are in a powdered state placed in another pan or
kettle, and the required portion of the inass referred to is heated to the melting
point and poured over such color. Continual slow stirring and turning about is
necessary, so that an even and well combined material may be obtained when cool.
This coloring matter is now put upon a stone mill, say between granite rollers, and
passed through this mill until a perfectly even surface is obtained to it.
The temperature of the apartment in which the operations are conducted should
be maintained at about a uniform state and a temperature of from 12° to 15°
+Reaumur is found to answer well.
The knife or cutting instrument employed for obtaining the correct cutting of
the respective portions of coloring matter, is applied to a holder which is held in a
jointed frame of the lazytongs or other suitable character adapted, whilst admitting
of motion to the knife in every direction, at the same time to retain the vertical
direction of its cut through the whole substance of color.
The holder of the knife is formed to admit of the knife freely moving, notonly
in various directions to follow the course of the form for the time to be obtained
but also in a vertical direction. And, in some cases, the cutter may itself take
the form of the cutting to be produced, having a piston or clearer to clear itself
after the cutting.
The holders as well as the knives or cutters are readily changeable, as required,
and to ensure the correct vertical action of the cutters employed the holders are
provided with liquid or spirit levels.
It is desirable, as the respective masses of color are accumulated, to level the
surface of them to facilitate the obtaining of correct outlines of the parts to be cut
for the next color. For this purpose it is found convenient to use a cutter tho
section of which is prismatic, as thereby three cutting edges are obtained either of
which may be used, and this cutter moved on the frame against the coloring matter
will reduce such coloring matter to a uniform surface.
For the purpose of obtaining correct' outlines of the various parts from the
original a transparent medium is employed, adapted to receive and retain slight
indentations in parts, as desired, by a fine pointed instrument; such indentations
are filled with powdered charcoal or other suitable matter, and then by turning
over such surface of this transparent medium upon the coloring matter in the frame
and pressing the part last traced gently thereon, the powder will be laid on to the
coloring matter as a guide for the cutting of it.
The transparent medium employed for the purpose is composed of thick collodion,
with ricinus oil in the proportion of twenty parts of the former to one of the latter
or thereabouts, reduced to the required thickness by being laid on to a glass plate.
This medium in use is held in a frame which at once is capable of fitting both the
frame holding the original and that containing the colors being combined.
Assuming the colors to have been all combined to the desired representations the
supporting board, with such mass of combined color thereon, is now removed
to a press where it is laid with the surface of such matter level, and the board is
fixed on a table the height of which is adjustable by a series of screws connected,
to be actuated simultaneously so as to bring the surface of the color in correct
relation to the leveling knife and to the rollers and rubbers. The knife is moved
on guides and is capable of regulation as to angle of cut.
After levelling the surface of the color such surface is ready to receive the material
on which the impression is to be taken, and when this material has been applied
it is covered by a zinc plate which is acted upon by series of teeth.

page_text: To prevent an excess of dissolved coloring matter penetrating the paper or fabric
on which the impression is to be made, it is desirable to cover such paper or
fabric with one or more sheets of red blotting paper of the best and most even
make, or similar paper.
The knife, the rollers, and the rubbers, are carried by a sledge or carriage which
is actuated so that the rollers and the rubbers when the knife has been removed
may be operated in either direction by means of straps or bands, aided by suitable
guide pulleys.
An impression having been taken by slight pressure on the sheet of material,
the mass of color is then to the slightest extent raised and another sheet is applied
and acted upon, and so on with each in succession, until the whole mass of
combined colour has been absorbed when it will be found that each sheet has
received a like impression.
The material on which the impressions are taken, if on paper, is that manu-
factured from clean cotton rags deprived of starch, of as uniform a character as
possible and left absolutely absorbent. Such paper before use is saturated with
oil of turpentine, or a solution of sugar of lead ground with linseed oil varnish,
will be found of a good effect if mixed with the essence of turpentine. For this
purpose take, say,-
1 part by weight of driers, and
6 parts
sugar of lead added
to 10 parts by weight of clear linseed oil varnish.
This mixture allow to stand for about four days, and mix one part of the mixture
with 10 parts of essence of turpentine and let it stand for one day, then add further
about 30 parts of clean essence of turpentine. With the liquid so obtained damp
the paper or fabrics to be printed upon.
In like manner impressions are taken on other fabrics deprived of starch or other
dressing, but saturated with the oil of turpentine or combination of turpentine with
the matters just described before use.
The fabrics when printed are first passed over a heated surface in order to
evaporate the spirit of turpentine, and they are then dried in a hot chamber.
Representations obtained by such combinations of colors may have applied to
them corresponding or other representations by photography, printing, or other
process.
The Invention affords facility for the application thereto of the "Woodbury"
process of printing or other printing on the colors.
Extra sunlight and other extra effects of light or shade may be obtained by
additional prints of the required tints at the back of the sheets already printed, as
described, in colors on the face.
When the various colors required are made up of repeats of squares, or other 4
forms, a frame is employed with the parts to receive the coloring matter composed
of the desired forms, and these forms are supported in this frame so as to be capable
of a vertical and correct motion therein by their stems being received and sliding
in separate sockets.
In starting, the outer ends of all the forms produce one uniform even surface, 4
and the operator commences with one of the colors required in a fluid state, and
having pushed down such of the forms as correspond with that color so as to leave
a chamber or chambers of the required configuration of that particular color; ho
then pours in this color; then proceeds in like manner with another color, and so
on, until the whole has been completed by all the forms having been pushed down
and colors filled into the chambers or spaces produced, taking care that every color
is allowed to solidify before any other color is poured next to it.
The thickness or cake of combined colors is then used, as before described.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Brookes in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th
November 1876.
WILLIAM BROOKES, of 62, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
and Registration Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING IN COLORS UPON PAPER OR
OTHER FABRIC OR MATERIAL, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN." A
communication from abroad by Carl Heinrich Otto Radde, of Hamburg, in the
Empire of Germany, Merchant."
The object of the Invention is to facilitate the reproduction in quantity of copies
of pictures or representations in varieties of colors, shades, or tints, when such
colors have been mixed with suitable composition so as to enable such combined
colors and composition to be cut or moulded to desired forms in order to such
forms being composed into relations one to another in a suitable frame or holder
so as when so combined to form on their surface a picture or representation of
which, by the aid of a suitable press and appliances, copies may be readily obtained
upon paper or other suitable fabric or material prepared to receive such impressions
as is herein-after more fully described.
The coloring matter found to answer the purpose best is that prepared as
follows The operator takes mutton fat from near the kidneys and free from
skin, and obtains by heat the oily portion thereof, say,―
30
pounds, and adds thereto, say,
15 pounds white bleached beeswax ;
30 pounds Venetian turpentine ;
7/2 pounds bleached linseed oil;
7
pounds bleached poppy oil.
He then proceeds to heat the two first named ingredients together to the melting
point, then he heats the three latter ingredients separately so as to combine them
well together, and then he mixes them gradually altogether and heats to about
90° Celsius. The pot or kettle in which this is done should have high walls or
sides, and when the above mixture is complete the operator adds to it (say) one and a
half pounds of a solution of caustic alkali in water. For the purpose of preparing this
solution the operator takes (say) twenty-five pounds of solid caustic lye or hydrate of
soda, and pours over it sixty pounds of water and after leaving it to dissolve for forty-
eight hours then the desired quantity of this solution may be employed. Caution and
continued stirring of the mixture is necessary. A milky liquid covered with foam
or froth will be the result, and this is boiled while being continually stirred until it
becomes of a thinnish liquid consistency similar to hot oil and of about 110° Celsius
beat. A handful of clean salt (chloride of sodium) is added, and after stirring the
mixture once more it is let out by a cock or tap in the bottom of the boiler. The
mixture is allowed to run into flat pots or pans and when cool they are turned over
and the bottom part which contains the impurities caused to settle down by the salt
is taken away with a knife. The cleared portion of this mass is the material which
is to be added to the required colors, which may be of the ordinary character, but
the effects produced are better in proportion to the purity of the coloring matter
employed.
It is important that all the different portions of coloring matter employed be of
the same density as nearly as possible in order to insure that the same amount of
coloring matter be taken with each impression from all the colors for the time
employed.
After the coloring matters have been reduced to a powdered state they are
mixed with the above composition in proportion by weight, of which the following
are samples, that is to say:-
Cinnabar (vermillion) say 224 parts added to, say, 250 parts of composition
described;
Or carmine violet 48 parts added to 156 parts of the above composition;

page_text: Or carmine red 48 parts added to 156 parts of the above composition;
Or black 500 parts added to 1,200 parts of the above composition;
Or chrome yellow, dark, 450 parts added to 820 parts of the above composition;
Or chrome yellow, light, 450 parts added to $20 parts of the above composition;
Or madder carmine 250 parts added to 750 parts of the above composition;
Or ultramarine 250 parts added to 520 parts of the composition;
Or emerald green 250 parts added to 520 parts of the composition;
Or white (blanc d'argent) 524 parts added to 380 parts of the composition.
The Invention is not however limited to these proportions as they may be varied
to circumstances and the judgment of the operator.
To produce the desired combination of the coloring matters with the above
composition, the desired coloring matter is in a powdered state placed in a pan or
kettle, and the required portion of the mass referred to heated to a melting point is
poured over such color. Continual slow stirring and turning about is necessary so
that an even and well combined mixture may be obtained. This coloring matter
when cool is placed in a mill say between granite or other suitable rollers and finely
ground.
The temperature of the apartment in which these operations are conducted should
be maintained at about a uniform state and a temperature of from 12° to 15°
Reaumur is found to answer well.
The combinations being completed the improved composition, colored as desired,
is, when heated to a fluid condition, ready to be cast or moulded or formed into the
desired forms, so that each colored portion may be combined with other portions of
other colors or shades in order to printed impressions being obtained from the
surface thereof on suitably prepared materials. In some cases the combined com-
position and coloring matter is, when solidified by cold, cut to the required forms.
The coloring matter employed is prepared so as to be of a comparatively solid
consistency when cold, and to be readily reducible to a fluid state by heat, and for
this purpose it is placed in a tinned copper pan or other pan not readily liable to act
chemically upon the coloring matter to injure it, and which pan provided with a
handle to facilitate the holding of it, and with a spout or nose to facilitate the
pouring of the coloring matter therefrom when it has by heat been rendered fluid.
Vessels such as are employed are shewn at Figure 1.
The heat employed is that of a jet or jets of gas, but other clean heat may be
employed.
The various colors or tints or shades of the coloring matter necessary to form the
required representation are separately collected and combined so as when combined
to produce the representation and the combined coloring matter is to be of one
uniform thickness.
The respective portions of colored matter are collected in a frame in form adapted
to the result desired, and of depth corresponding with the thickness of the required
combined mass, and the operator proceeds as follows:-
Supposing the ground or body of the picture to be black he proceeds to fill in this
frame with the black color to a convenient extent, aided by other temporary
enclosing strips or border pieces; he then leaves that portion to solidify, and then
having traced thereon the outline of the picture or portion of picture bordering on
such black portion or portions of the groundwork, he by means of a sharp knife or
other suitable instrument cuts away the black color to such outline in a vertical
direction, so that the form of every portion through the entire thickness of the
substance may as much as possible be like every other portion of such substance.
He then applies another temporary wall or boundary plate at a distance within
such outline corresponding with the extent of color to be used next such ground,
and fills into the spaco now formed some composition of the color or tint desired in
a fluid state, as before, and allows that to solidify, when he removes therefrom thic
temporary boundary, and by the cutter, as before, reduces such coloring matter to
the extent desired, and so on with every color, tint, or shade, step by step, until the
whole desired representation with its border is obtained in the frame, when there

page_text: will be formed, not only on the surface but at every portion of the thickness of the
mass, a corresponding representation.
The frame and parts thereof brought into contact with the fluid composition of
coloring matters are formed of wood, and generally pear tree is used for the purposo
saturated by boiling in glycerine.
The depth or thickness of coloring matter at any time produced may be varied.
To facilitate such variation the frame is made double, so that one part may slide over
the other telescopically, and be adjustable in position in relation one to the other by
screws or such like means to the depth desired from the bottom board or granite or
other plate. This bottom board or granite or other plate is held in the lower portion
of the frame f (Figures 2 and 3).
The upper edge of the upper portion of this frame f is plated with metal to sustain
the horizontal cutter or leveller herein-after described. Or the double frame may be
dispensed with and a single wooden frame employed. Into this frame is placed the
grate work either of wood or cast iron, and the grate itself is capable of sliding up
and down, according to convenience, regulated by means of screws, carrying with it
the granite board which it supports.
The surface of the bottom board or granite or other plate should be oiled, and
varnished with copal varnish before the color is poured or placed on it.
The knife or cutting instrument employed for obtaining the correct cutting of
the respective portions of coloring matter is applied to a holder, which is held in a
jointed frame adapted whilst admitting of motion to the knife in every direction
at the same time to retain the vertical direction of its cut through the whole sub-
stance of color.
The holder of the knife is formed to admit of the knife freely moving not only in
various directions to follow horizontally the course of the form for the time to be
obtained, but also vertically to the depth desired. And in some cases the cutter may
itself take the form of the cutting to be produced, such cutter having a piston or
clearer to clear itself after each cutting.
The holders, as well as the knives or cutters, are readily changeable, as required,
and to insure their correct vertical action they are provided with spirit or other
liquid levels.
One form of apparatus such as is employed is represented by plan and end view
at Figures 2 and 3.
As shewn, the table a is of marble, made true on its upper surface; b is a strong
arm for the support of the lazy tongs & and the knife di carried thereby. The
knife d whilst moving horizontally is capable of working vertically so as to move
up and down and turn with its shaft or holder c formed to receive it, and held
with capability of adjustment in the clamps d¹, d, at the outer end of the lazy
tongs, so that every necessary variety of motion may be given to the knife.
Figures 9 and 10 shew another form of frame f supported upon a table, indicated
by lines a, and jointed frame or arm d and a support, which is affixed to the side or
back of the frame f. This jointed frame or arm & is composed of three combined
links or parts 1, 2, 3, moving on strong steel or other suitable points in steel or
other suitable bearings z, and carries the holder c for the knife or cutting instru-
ment d. The first of these links or parts (1) carries two clamps or noses d¹, d¹¹,
which when opened, as shewn by the dotted lines d* in Figure 9, receives the shaft
or holder c carrying the cutter or knife d, and when closed will thus admit of
such shaft and cutter moving not only in various directions horizontally, according
to the form for the time to be obtained, but also vertically to the depth desired.
e represents the picture being produced on the bottom board or granite or other
plate x in the frame f. The position of this bottom board or granite plate being
shewn by dotted lines a in Figure 3, and in section at x in Figure 10, where it will
be seen that its horizontal movement is controlled by screws and nuts applied at
te sides of the frame f.
The space (if any) between the granite board and the frame is left free, and when

page_text: the picture is ready a wooden frame of the length and width of the granite board
and of the height of the block or cake, including the thickness of the granite
board itself, is placed around the cake, so as to protect its sides during the operation
of the press. This frame f is placed on the table a, and the bottom of the lower
portion of it is formed of wood or cast iron of openwork of the grate or grid style
to sustain the bottom board or granite or other plate.
It is desirable, as the respective masses of colored matter are accumulated, to
level the upper surface of them to facilitate the obtaining of correct outlines of the
parts to be cut for the next portions of composition. For this purpose it is found
convenient to use a bar, shewn by plan and section at Figure 11, the section of
which is prismatic or triangular, as thereby three cutting edges are obtained, either
of which may be used; and this cutter bar is moved on and pressed to the upper
edge of the frame f, and on the coloring matter by means of handles h provided at
its ends to reduce such coloring matter to a uniform surface over either the entire
surface or a portion thereof, as desired.
To insure obtaining correct outlines of the various parts a transparent medium is
employed adapted to receive and retain slight indentations produced as desired by
a fine pointed instrument. These indentations are filled with powdered charcoal or
.other suitable matter, and then by turning over such surface of this transparent
medium upon the coloring matter in the frame, and pressing gently the back of the
part last traced the powder or other suitable matter will be laid on to the coloring
matter to serve as a guide for the cutting of it.
The transparent medium employed for this purpose is composed of thick collodion
with ricinus oil in the proportion of twenty parts of the former to one of the latter, or
thereabouts, reduced to the required thickness by being laid on a glass plate. This
medium is in use held in a frame, which is at once capable of fitting both the frame
holding the original and that containing the colors, being combined for the printing
of copies. Assuming that the various portions of colored matter from which in the
press the impressions are to be taken liave been all combined, so as to form the desired
representation, the supporting board with such mass of combined colored matter
thereon is now removed to a press, where it is laid with the surface of such matter
level, and the board is fixed on a table, the height of which is adjustable by a series of
screws connected to be actuated simultaneously, so as successively to bring the
surface of the color in correct relation to the levelling knife, and to the rollers and
rubbers.
Figures 4 and 5 represent an arrangement of press adapted to the purpose.
a are the rubbers or teeth, before and after them there are two rollers b on each side;
g is the lifting or heaving apparatus moved by the wheel or handle h for adjusting
the height of colored matters; i is a sledge or carriage to hold rubbers or rollers
b, b. These latter slide on the runner rails k, k¹, and the sledge itself moves on the
outer rail by means of two supporting wheels 1, 2, on each side, and is controlled by
one wheel m on the under side.
Since the knife only acts in a forward direction it is necessary to lift it or turn
it up when going backward; for this purpose when the cut is done, and should be
repeated, the tightening screw at 81 is loosened, and the blade turned up around its
own axle by the handle u. n are the wheels for the shaft to be moved by steam or by
handle; and o, o¹, are friction wheels to receive an even motion, and to transmit
the action of steam or handle to the press. The iron rods at 1, l, form connecting
iron bars, and also axles for the wheels ', 1. 7, are the stop levers and rods for
starting and stopping the press.
The knife, the rollers, and the rubbers are carried by the sledge or carriage i,
which is actuated so that the rollers and the rubbers when the knife has been
removed may be operated in either direction by means of straps or bands, aided by
suitable guide pulleys.
The motion of the sledge is actuated by straps of leather or other suitable
material fastened to noses on the hind iron rod on cach side, and then passing

page_text: between the inner and outer rails and over rollers q, q', and fastened to the fore
end of the sledge, but so low that the blade of the horizontal knife may pass over
it freely without injury when in action.
Sometimes it is found beneficial to use rollers alone without rubbers in a set of,
say, eight equal rollers instead of four rollers and two rubbers.
Figure 6 shews the blade or horizontal knife and its position in action. The
sledge (Figures 4 and 5) on its fore part 8 has a catch (8) for the axle (1) of the
blade (2) to it, which carries a screw and handle t. The blade (2) is of the full
width of the press bed, and is screwed upon a thick shaft (1). To secure cor-
rectness and stiffness of action to the blade the ends of the blade and shaft within
the width of the press are provided with guides or slides, which slide along with
the knife on the inner rail of the press securing at the same time the desired angle
of cut; and in order, further, to secure an absolutely safe action the outer ends of
the shaft (1) are provided with balance handles and lever, so that the fore part of
the latter u serve as handles, and the hind part vas noses or hooks, which when
turned up by pressing the handle down catches the pin s¹, and is fully kept to it by
its tightening screw. After levelling the surface of the color such surface is ready
to receive the material on which the impression is to be taken.
To prevent an excess of dissolved coloring matter penetrating the paper or fabric
on which the impression is to be made, it is desirable to cover such paper or fabric
with one or more sheets of red blotting paper of the best and most even make, or
similar paper.
An impression having been taken by slight pressure on the sheet of material, the
mass of color is then to the slightest extent raised, and another sheet is applied and
acted upon, and so on with each in succession until the whole mass of combined
color has been absorbed, when it will be found that each sheet has received a like
impression
The material on which the impressions are taken, if on paper, is that manu-
factured from clean cotton rags deprived of starch of as uniform a character as
possible, and left absolutely absorbent; such paper before use is saturated with a
suitable composition of matter to dampen same, the more readily to receive tho
impressions of color. For this purpose oil of turpentine or a solution of sugar of
lead ground with linseed oil varnish will be found to have a good effect if mixed
with the essence of turpentine. For this purpose the operator takes, say,-
1 part by weight of driers, and
6 parts
to 10 parts
"
"
"
>>
sugar of lead, and added
clear linseed oil varnish.
The proportions of the substances may be relatively somewhat varied according
to circumstances.
This mixture is allowed to stand for about four days, and then mix one part
thereof with ten parts of essence of turpentine, and let it stand for one day, when
there is further added thereto about 30 parts of clean essence of turpentine.
With
the liquid so obtained he damps the paper or fabrics to be printed upon in order to
enable the same the better to receive the impressions from the color composition.
When the impressions have to be taken upon paper, the block or cake is covered
first with very thin muslin damped with turpentine or the dissolving mixture just
described. The color then penetrates the muslin very evenly, and gives a better
impression on the paper.
In like manner impressions are taken on other fabrics deprived of starch or other
dressing, but saturated with the oil of turpentine or combination of turpentine with
other matters just described before use.
The fabrics when printed are first passed over a heated surface in order to
evaporate the spirit of turpentine, and they are then dried in a hot chamber or in a
cold chamber with the aid of a strong current of air.
Representations obtained by such combinations of colors may have applied to
them corresponding or other representations by photography, printing, or other
process.

page_text: The Invention affords facility for the application thereto of the "Woodbury
process of printing or other printing on the colors.
"
Extra sunlight and other extra effects of light or shade may be obtained by addi-
tional prints of the required tints at the back of the sheets already printed, as
described in colors on the face.
When various colored printing compositions capable of being softened by heat are
made up of repeats of squares or other forms, a frame b is employed with the parts
to receive the coloring matter composed of the desired forms, and these forms are
supported in this frame b so as to be capable of vertical and correct motion therein
by their stems a being received and sliding in separate sockets, as represented in
plan and section, Figures 7 and 8.
In starting in the use of this apparatus the outer ends of all the forms a pro-
duce one uniform even surface, and the operator commences with one of the colors
required in a fluid state, and having pushed down such of the forms a as correspond
with that color so as to leave a chamber or series of chambers of the required con-
figuration for that particular color, he then pours in this color so as to fill such
chamber or chambers, then he proceeds in like manner with another color to fill
another or other chambers, and so on until the whole of the chambers have been
filled by all the forms having been pushed down and colors filled into the chambers
or spaces produced, taking care that every color is allowed to solidify before any
other color is poured next to it.
The thickness or cake of combined colors is then suitable for use in color
printing.
Having thus described the Invention as communicated to me, and means employed
in carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do not confine
myself to the precise details shewn and described so long as the peculiar character
of the Invention be retained, but what I do claim is,-
. Firstly. The improvements in printing in colors whereby the coloring matters
employed are combined with other matters to be used in a fluid condition, and are
capable of solidifying so as to admit of being cast or moulded, and when necessary
cut to the desired forms, as described.
Secondly. I claim the arranging or combining parts whereby the coloring matters
are held for the purpose of being cut to form, and are cut by a cutter to the desired
forms, as described in respect of Figures 9 and 10; also, the cutter or leveller, shewn
at Figure 11, for levelling the colored matter.
Thirdly. I claim the composition described for damping the material on which
the impressions are to be taken.
Fourthly. I claim the arranging or combining parts forming a press for taking
impressions from the coloring matters, as described in respect of Figures 4 and 5.
Fifthly. I claim the knife and parts acting therewith, as described in respect of
Figure 6.
Sixthly. I claim the arranging or combining parts forming a frame with
moveable parts for the reception of the coloring matters, as described in respect of
Figures 7 and 8.
Seventhly. I claim the general arrangement or combination of means and apparatus
for facilitating the printing in colors, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Brookes, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
WILLIAM BROOKES. (L.S.)