IMPROVE- MENTS IN BUTTER CHURNS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Honry Clifton, of New Bond St., London, in
the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BUTTER CHURNS."
Sealed the 16th April 1869, and dated the 21st October 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Clifton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st October 1868.
I, HENRY CLIFTON, of New Bond St., London, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUTTER CHURNS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is the production of instruments or
machines for butter making more simple in construction and more
ceononomical in cost than other devices for like purposes now known to
the public, wherein atmospheric air is to a greater or less extent
employed in the production of butter from milk or cream.

page_text: My Invention consists of a stem or plunger provided at its lower end
with a perforated disc or series of discs intended to be worked up and
down within a cylindrical or other suitably shaped vessel. The lower
portion of the said stem or plunger is made hollow, and at a point about
midway of its length has made in it openings for the admission of air;
as the said stem or plunger is raised the said disc or series of discs effect
a certain displacement of the milk or cream in the said cylindrical or
other suitable vessel, to supply the place of which the air rushes through
the said openings and down the hollow portion of the said stem or
plunger to the bottom of the churn, from whence partly by the weight of
the fluid above it and partly by the return stroke of the stem or plunger
it is forced through the milk or cream, thereby assisting materially in
producing the concussion necessary for butter making.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Clifton in the Great Scal Patent Office
on the 21st April 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
CLIFTON, of New Bond Street, London, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Henry Clifton, Her special
licence that I, the said Henry Clifton, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Clifton, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUTTER
CHURNS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry
Clifton, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and scals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and

page_text: in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Clifton, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say:
The object of my Invention is the construction of butter churns or
machines for manufacturing butter.
My Invention consists of an apparatus in which I use a stem or
plunger having at its lower end a perforated disc or series of perforated
discs, and intended to be worked up and down within a cylindrical or
otherwise shaped vessel. The lower portion of the said stem or plunger
is made hollow, and at a point about midway of its length openings are
made in it leading into such hollow part for the admission of air.
As
the stem or plunger is raised the disc or series of discs effect a certain
displacement of the milk or cream in the cylindrical or otherwise shaped
vessel, to supply the place of which air rushes through the said openings
and down the hollow portion of the stem or plunger to the bottom of
the churn, whence partly by the weight of the fluid above it and partly
by the return stroke of the stem or plunger it is forced through the milk
or cream, and thereby assists materially in producing the concussion
necessary for butter making.
Having thus described the nature of the Invention, I proceed more
particularly, with reference to the Drawings, to describe in what manner
the same may be carried into practical effect.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a vertical section of the vessel, shewing the plunger in
clevation; Figure 2 is a vertical elevation of the plunger, shewing it in
the two portions in which it is or may be made; Figure 3 is a plan of
the lower portion.
A is a vessel or cylinder containing the cream or milk to be churned
or made into butter; it is open at top. B is a stem, having at bottom
a perforated disc or end C; c are the holes or perforations formed

page_text: therein. The stem is made in two picces, the upper portion being
solid, and the lower portion hollow or tubular. The two portions arc
screwed together when the apparatus is used. In the upper part of the.
hollow portion of the stem B are a number of holes or perforations b, b.
The stem is open at bottom, hence air enters through these perforations
and flows down the hollow stem B-to the cream or milk in the
cylinder A.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same may be performed, I declare that I claim as my
improvements in butter churns, the construction and employment of a
stem or plunger the lower portion of which is hollow and has a per-
forated disc or series of perforated discs at the end, and which said stem"
or plunger is perforated or formed with holes at and communicating
with the hollow portion thereof, substantially in the manner and for the
purpose described.
In witness whereof I, the said Henry Clifton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
Witness,
JOHN BATTERSHELL,
119, New Bond Street, W.
HENRY CLIFTON. (L.S.)