AN IMPROVED BREAKING OR STOPPING APPARATUS FOR CRANES, WINCHES, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jean Anatolo René Bourgougnon, of Boulevard
dċ Strasbourg, No. 23, at Paris, Engincer, for the Invention of
" AN IMPROVED BREAKING OR STOPPING APPARATUS FOR CRANES, WINCHES,
AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jean Anatole René
Bourgougnon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 2nd July 1874.
"
I, JEAN ANATOLE RENÉ BOURGOUGNON, of Boulevard de Strasbourg,
No. 23, at Paris, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED BREAKING OR STOPPING APPARATUS FOR CRANES,
WINCHES, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to apparatus applicable to cranes, winches, and
other mechanism for lifting or hauling, such as sack and other hoists,
lifts, and the like for the purpose of acting as an automatic brake or
stop, so that whilst the mechanism can be worked freely in one direction

page_text: for lifting or hauling a load it is stopped or brought under the control
of the brake when the load tends to move it in the opposito direction.
For this purpose I introduce in any convenient part of the gearing a
shaft, upon which is fixed a brake wheel or drum, and on which is
mounted loosely a pinion engaged with the main gearing, and a sliding
clutch between the said pinion and the brake wheel. The sliding clutch
at its one end is made of conical form to fit into a conical seating in
the side of the brake wheel, and at its other end it is made with two or
moro helically sloped teeth, which fit corresponding teeth on the side
of the adjacent pinion. Each of these teeth is formed on the one sido
with a gentle helical slope, and on the other side is somewhat undercut
so as to present a much more rapid retreating slope, and these slopes
are mado in such direction as to act in the following manner :— -When
power is applied to drivo the mechanism so as to lift or haul a load the
quickly sloped sides of the teeth bear against each other, and the pinion 3
being prevented by collars from moving longitudinally on the shaft the
conical end of the dlutch is drawn out of the seating in the brake wheel,
so that the pinion and clutch are free to revolve with the rest of the
gearing. When however the working power ceases, and the gearing
tends to turn in the opposite direction in obedience to the load, the 2
gently sloped sides of the teeth bear against each other, and thus the
clutch is caused to move away from the pinion, and its conical end is
forced into the seat in the side of the brake wheel. The brake wheel
being prevented from moving by a loaded brako lever the friction of the
cone in its seat retards and stops the mechanism, which can then be 2
permitted to move more or less quickly by relieving more or less the
brake. As soon as the power is again applied to move the gearing for
the purpose of lifting or hauling the clutch is withdrawn and the
mechanism is set free from the brake.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 3
filed by the said Jean Anatole René Bourgougnon in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 2nd December 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JEAN
ANATOLE RENÉ BOURGOUGNON, of Boulevard de Strasbourg, No. 23, at
Paris, Engineer, send greeting.
3

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-eighth
_year of Her reign, did,-for-Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Jean Anatole René Bourgougnon: Her
special license that I, the said Jean Anatole René Bourgougnon, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Jean Anatole René Bourgougnon, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at, any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might makc, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED BREAKING OR
STOPPING APPARATUS FOR CRANES, WINCHES, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Jean Anatole
René Bourgougnon, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands" and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed and'
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office, within'
six calender months next and immediately after the date of the said'
Letters Patent.
:
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jean Anatole René Bourgougnon,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being
had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the figures and
letters marked thereon, that is to say :-
:
This Invention relates to apparatus applicable to cranes, winches, and
other mechanism for lifting or hauling, such as sack or other hoists,
lifts, and the like for the purpose of acting as an automatic brake or
stop; so that whilst the mechanism can be worked freely in one direction
for lifting or hauling a load it is stopped or brought under the control
of the brake when the load tends to move it in the opposite direction.
For this purpose I introduce in any convenient part of the gearing a
shaft, upon which_is_fixed_a_brake-wheel-or-drum, and on which is
mounted loosely a pinion engaged-with-the-main-gearing, and-a-sliding+
-clutch between the said pinion and the brake whiccl. The sliding clutch

page_text: at its one end is made of conical form to fit into a conical scating in the
sido of the brake wheel, and at its other end it is made with two or
more helically sloped teeth, which fit corresponding teeth on the side
of the adjacent pinion. Each of these teeth is formed on the one sido
with a gentle helical slope, and on the other side is somewhat undercut
so as to present a much more rapid retreating slope, and these slopes aro
made in such direction as to act in the following manner:- -When
power is applied to drive the mechanism so as to lift or haul a load the
quickly sloped sides of the teeth bear against each other, and the pinion
being prevented by collars from moving longitudinally on the shaft the
conical end of the clutch is drawn out of the seating in the brake wheel,
so that the pinion and clutch are free to revolve with the rest of tho
gearing. When however the working power ceases, and the gearing
tends to turn in the opposite direction in obedience to the load, the
gently sloped sides of the teeth bear against each other, and thus the
clutch is caused to move away from the pinion, and its conical end is
forced into the scat in the side of the brako wheel. The brako wheel
being prevented from moving by a loaded brake lever the friction of the
cone in its scat retards and stops the mechanism, which can then bo
permitted to move more or less quickly by relieving more or less the 2
brake. As soon as the power is again applied to movo the gearing for
the purpose of lifting or hauling the clutch is withdrawn and the
mechanism is set frco from the brake.

page_text: loaded by a weight L, so that the friction of the strap is always exerted
on the wheel E, except when the lever Q, R, is raised by hand. When
the shaft I, K, is turned for the purpose of raising a load the pinion D
geared therewith turns freely on the shaft A, B, the undercut faces m, n,
of its clutch drawing the cone E out of its conical seating in the brake
wheel F, as shewn in the part elevation, Fig. 3. But when the shaft I, K,
is let go, so that the load tends to turn it in the opposito direction, the
pinion D in beginning to turn pushes, by the action of the helical faces
of its clutch, the cone E into its seating in the brake wheel F, as shewn
in the part elevation, Fig. 4, and the friction of the conical surfaces, the
brake wheel being kept at rest or retarded serves to keep the crane
gearing at rest or to retard it. By relieving the brake G the wheel F
is permitted to turn along with E and D, and the crane motion is thus
permitted to work backwards for the delivery of the load.
Although I have represented in the Drawings the application of my
Invention only to one kind of crane or crab motion it may be readily
understood that with the necessary modifications in the position of the
brake shaft A, B, with its brake wheel and cone and pinion clutch to
suit the particular forms and arrangements of the rest of the mechanism
tho same system of applying the brake power may be adopted.
In many cases, as for example for sack hoists, the connections of the
mechanism may be simplified, as shewn in Fig. 5, which is an elevation
of the rope wheel d and barrel c of such a hoist provided with braking
apparatus according to my Invention. The rope wheel d and barrel c
revolve together freely on the shaft a, b, being prevented from sliding
back on the shaft by the collar g. The helical clutch is fixed on the
end of the barrel c, the other member e of the clutch having a conical
end fitting into a coned seating in the brake wheel f. When the wheel
and barrel are turned in one direction, so as to raise the load, the coned
end of e is drawn by the clutch out of its seating, and the apparatus is
free from the brake, but when the wheel and barrel turn in the opposite
direction the coned end of e is forced by the action of the clutch into its
seating in the brake wheelf, and the movement is stopped or retarded
by the brake, except when it is released by a lever worked by a cord or
otherwise.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I claim,—
First. The combination substantially as horain desesibed of the 19

page_text: strap friction brake with a friction cone, the seating for which is found
in the brake wheel.
Second. The combination with the mechanism referred to in the
preceding claim of a helical clutch geared or working with a crab or
crane motion or hoist in such manner as to disengage tho brake when ;
the movement is in the one direction, and to engage it when it is in the
opposite direction, substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jean Anatole René Bourgougnon,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of
November, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred 1
and seventy-four.
Witness,
JEAN ANATOLE RENE BOURGOUGNON. (L.S.)
ALBERT CAHEN,
Civil Engineer,
of 32, Boulevard Magenta,
at Paris.