matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED FASTENING OR CONNECTING DEVICE FOR THE STRAPS OF CARRIAGE DASH-BOARDS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd March 1881. A communication
from abroad by Charles Frederic Littlejohn and Harvey Ford, both of New
Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, and Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "AN IMPROVED FASTENING OR CONNECTING
DEVICE FOR THE STRAPS OF CARRIAGE DASH-BOARDS." A communication from
abroad by Charles Frederic Littlejohn and Harvey Ford, both of New Haven,
Connecticut, United States of America.
This Invention relates to an improved connecting device for use with the straps
on carriage dash-boards as a means of fastening the boot flap, the object being to
provide a simple and cheap construction of such a character that the strain upon
the fastener shall tend to make the fastening more secure than otherwise.
In carrying the said Invention into practice I attach to the standing strap a
metal loop, and to the free strap a metal hook of peculiar shape is attached. This
hook is made from a strip of sheet metal with a loop or slot at one end to which
the free strap is secured. Above the loop the hook is bent forward so as to bring
its other end substantially in line with or slightly forward of the straight line of
the strap, while a bent portion above lies back or in rear of the aforesaid slut or
point where the free strap is attached.
To engage the free strap with the standing strap the hook is turned up and the
free end of the hook is passed through the first named loop until the hook reaches
the bend or bent portion of the hook, then the latter is turned down to bring its
free end against the free strap. This brings the line of pull or strain at the bend
aud in rear of the loop in the hook or point where the free strap is attached, so
that the strain tends to force and hold the end down and against the free strap;
to disconnect I reverse the operation.
This construction of hook is cheap, being in two parts only, and of such a
nature that they may be readily struck and shaped in dies, without the labor of
placing the parts together, as required in the usual construction where several
parts are employed.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING MANURE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office
A communication
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th May 1881.
from abroad by Eugéne Koch, of Paris, France.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING
MANURE" [A communication from abroad by Eugéne Koch, of Paris, France.]
This Invention relates to an improved process of manufacturing manure with a
base of tar and lime.
My Invention consists essentially in the method, hereinafter described, for
intimately mixing the tar and lime, whereby I obtain immediately a mixture or
product in pulverulent form, whilst by treatment according to the processes
hitherto in use for such purposes the tar maintained its viscous state, which rendered
pulverization of the mass impossible.
According to this Invention I proceed as follows, that is to say :-
In a vessel or boiler of any suitable form, and preferably made of sheet-iron, tar
is poured, and is therein submitted to a temperature of about 70 degrees centigrade
to make it sufficiently clear. The vessel may be heated by means of a furnace or
fire place by steam or by gas. In all cases the vessel is provided with a double
bottom so as to avoid direct contact with the fire or to allow the circulation of the
steam.
This
When the tar is so heated I add to it pulverized white or fat lime in a proportion
of 70% The lime is introduced by means of a shovel, or preferably by a hopper
arranged above the vessel. The mixture is kneaded or stirred by means of a shovel
or a large paddle, and will at once assume the appearance of a friable mass.
sudden alteration is explained by the fact that every particle of lime becomes
impregnated with tar, and absorbs it in its pores so as to dry it as it were.
follows that when the mass is withdrawn it will become spontaneously disaggregated,
and can at once be passed through the sieve.
It
To this tarred lime powder I add the desirable chemical agents or compositions,
such as potassium, sulphate of iron, ammonia, powdered bones, animal charcoal, or
the like; these substances, previously powdered, are added to the tarred lime powder
in a cold state.
My process is also applicable to plaster or gypsum, which may be used either in
place of the lime or be mixed with it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING OR TWISTING COARSE YARNS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Barbour and Abram Combe
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th August 1881.
JAMES BARBOUR and ABRAM COMBE, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim,
Ireland, Machinist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING OR TWISTING
COARSE YARNS."
This Invention relates to improvements in what are known as rope yarn
spinners, and consists in the employment of conductors with moving surfaces,
which are placed between the drawing rollers or gills which contain the sliver to
be twisted and the flyers. These conductors are made of two travelling endless
sheets of leather or other suitable material. The yarn is drawn between the
outer surfaces of the sheets which are placed in contact with each other, and which
are caused to move together and at a slight obliquity to each other so as to roll
or lay the fibres of the sliver together during the operation of twisting and also to
continually present a fresh portion of their surfaces to the sliver.
The conducting sheets have a surface speed imparted to them which is different
from that of the yarn passing between them in order to produce a rubbing or
polishing action upon the yarn. By the use of this form of conductor a yarn can
be made with a superior polish, free from projecting fibres, and lumps are passed
through it without gathering or choking.
A NEW OR IMPROVED COMBINED FASTENING AND TASSEL FOR UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND SUNSHADES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Gabriel Aaron at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th November 1881.
ALFRED GABRIEL AARON, of the Firm of B. W. Aaron, Sons, and Company, of
Jewin Street, in the City of London, and of Coppinger's Row, in the City of
Dublin, Umbrella and Parasol Manufacturers. "A NEW OR IMPROVED COMBINED
FASTENING AND TASSEL FOR UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND SUNSHADES."
My Invention relates to a new or improved combined fastening and tassel for
umbrellas, parasols, and sunshades, and it has for its object to retain the ribs and
tips of such articles around their sticks, whether the umbrella or other like article
be folded or unfolded.
My improved combined article consists of a band, or strip, or cord of elastic or
non-elastic material, provided at one end with a button, stud, or one member of
any suitable fastening device, and at its other end with a loop, eye, catch, or other
member of the fastening device. At any suitable distance along this band, strip, or
cord, the tassel or tassels which are combined therewith are attached thereto by
braids, ribbons, or cords, so that they and their atta hments depend from the fastening
band. The end of this fastening band carrying the button or one member of the
fastening device is sewn or otherwise affixed to one of the tips of the ribs, and the
free end or end carrying the catch after being passed around the tips is secured to
the button, thus retaining the ribs and their tips against the stick.
Or the braids, ribbons, or cords from which the tassel or tassels depend may be
secured to longer braids, which are then attached to the handle of the umbrella,
parasol, or sunshade in any suitable manner, and the fastening cord, band, or strip
(with its fastening device) secured to the braids or ribbons at right angles therewith
at such a distance as to readily take around the tips of the umbrella or like article,
when they with their ribs are to be kept together around the stick.
Or the braids, ribbons, or cords carrying the tassel or tassels may be secured to
the outside of the umbrella, parasol, or sunshade, over one of the ribs or elsewhere,
and the fastening cord, band, or strip fixed thereto in like manner to the preceding

page_text: arrangement, and at such a distance along the same as to be capable of being
readily passed around the tips when they with their ribs are to be kept together
around the stick, or around the umbrella, parasol, or sunshade in any position.
By the means herein described I am enabled to dispense with tip-cups, thus
economizing cost, and at the same time prevent the stretchers being strained or
snapped by reason of the tassel or tassels becoming entangled therewith and with
the ruuner, as is now often the case.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SLIDING SEATS FOR RACING, PLEASURE, AND ROWING BOATS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Goatley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd October 1881.
HENRY GOATLEY, of Medley, in the City of Oxford, Boat Builder.
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SLIDING SEATS FOR RACING, PLEASURE, AND
ROWING BOATS."
The Invention consists of a new form of runner which slides on flat plate glass. 1
The runners are of lignum vitæ wood, two for each seat, which bear on the glass
at each end, the middle is hollowed to admit of copper nails being put through the
seat and rivetted underneath the runner.
The runners are so shaped where they bear on the glass as to turn aside any grit,
&c., which may get thereon.
A strip of polished plate glass, one inch broad, quarter inch thick, is used for
each runner to bear upon. The glass is firmly set on pieces of hardwood and the
edges protected by fillets of hardwood, rebated to grip the edges of the glass, and
are bolted through the hardwood piece which is under the glass, leaving half inch
of the surface of glass clear for the runners to move upon.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE FOR THE PRODUCTION FROM MALT OF A BEVERAGE RESEMBLING COFFEE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Weekes Kincaid at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th April 1881.
GEORGE WEEKES KINCAID, of No. 36, Whitehead's Grove, Chelsea, in the County
of Middlesex. "A NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE FOR THE PRODUCTION
FROM MALT OF A BEVERAGE RESEMBLING COFFEE."
My present Invention has for its object the treatment of malt for the production
therefrom of a beverage resembling coffee.
For this purpose the malt is roasted in a similar manner to and to the same
degree as the coffee berry, and is then ground, whereupon it may be mixed in any
desired proportions with either coffee or chicory, or a mixture of these, in order to
produce a beverage of very agreeable flavour and of an exceedingly nutritive and
digestible character, which being rich in phosphates and albumenoids, may be used
with great advantage by invalids.
The said malt may be prepared either from barley, wheat, or any other grain
capable of undergoing the process of malting.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND CONVEYING ELECTRICITY."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Aime Masson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th May 1881.
"
AIME MASSON, of the Firm of Aime Masson and Jean Durand, ainé, of Bordeaux,
in the Republic of France. IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND
CONVEYING ELECTRICITY."
The improvements consist in the application to dynamo-electric machines of an
carth current for the purpose of regulating the path of electricity generated,
combined with the application of dualized wires. Also in the use for above, or
for the conveying of electric currents generally, of an insulating medium composed
of cement mixed with powdered iron. Also in the arrangement of the dynamo-
electric machinery so that it can be revolved at the same speed as its motor, and
a series of generating machines and their accessories be worked on one and the
same shaft. The improvements are performed by using pairs of metal-discs, one
fixed on a base and opposed to another, made revolvable on a shaft, all said discs
being furnished with projecting magnets made to interlace without touching one
another; a series of pairs or sets of discs may be used, and so large force generated
in a small space and with small power. The movable set of discs are supplied
with copper-projections insulated and put in connexion with the earth-current.
The whole is mounted on a strong support and the discs revolved by any convenient
mechanism.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES FOR THE RECEIPT OF APPLIANCES ADAPTED FOR USE IN FACILITATING THE EXTINGUISHING OF FIRES."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Benjamin Butcher at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th January 1881.
**
ROBERT BENJAMIN BUTCHER, of Cottles Oak, Frome, in the County of Somerset.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES FOR THE RECEIPT OF APPLIANCES ADAPTED FOR
USE IN FACILITATING THE EXTINGUISHING OF FIRES."
In carrying my improvements into effect, the body of the carriage is formed
into compartments, the central upper one of which is formed to receive several
lengths of scaling ladder, whilst underneath the hind part the hose reel is
suspended, so as to be readily detachable if desired when arriving at the scene of a
conflagration, or the hose may be detached without removing the reel. The front
part of the carriage forms a chamber or receptacle for buckets, tools, or other
requisites. This chamber is readily accessible from either side of the lower part of
the body of the carriage, which side portions also serve as reservoirs for various..
apparatus, whilst the covers thereof are of a combined curved or other suitable
form, and serve as foot boards or rests for the attendants accompanying the
carriage, whilst the raised central portion over the ladders serve for their seats.
By these means a compact vehicle is obtained capable of holding hose (the reel
of which may be readily detached if desired for the use of the hose) as well as
of holding a variety of implements required in attendance upon fire engines at
fires.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF KNOTTER OR STRAINER PLATES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hunter Annandale at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th May 1881.
JAMES HUNTER ANNANDALE, of the Polton Paper Works, Lasswade, in the
County of Edinburgh, North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF KNOTTER OR STRAINER PLATES."
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of knotter or strainer
plates, and consists in the employment of vulcanite in the manner hereinafter
described as the straining medium for strainer or knotter plates.
According to the first portion of my Invention, I glue or otherwise attach a
thin sheet of vulcanite to a brass or other metal mould or frame, the vulcanite
being cut in slits to correspond to the grooves in the mould or frame.
According to the second portion of my Invention, the metal frame forming the
knotter plate is coated with vulcanite, the frame in this instance acting as a kind
of core.
In this case worn out brass plates could have their slits sawn out, the
whole plate coated with vulcanite, and be recut as good as new.
IMPROVED MEANS OF HEATING " FEED WATER IN SURFACE CONDENSING ENGINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hamilton Dansey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th November 1881.
HAMILTON DANSEY, Engineer & Marine Surveyor, 14, Gracechurch Street,
London, EC., in the County of Middlesex. *IMPROVED MEANS OF HEATING
"
FEED WATER IN SURFACE CONDENSING ENGINES."
By means of conducting the whole or a portion of the exhaust steam down to
the bottom of the condenser, & there bringing it in contact with the condensed
water in a suitable recess in the bottom of the condenser, which is so arranged
that there always remains a ceil of water for the steam to impinge upon below the
level of the air pump suction, & to assist the heating of the water, the mouth of the
passage by which the steam enters the bottom of the condenser is provided with a
suitable guard, which directs the steam & water into a continuous stream, for which
a circular channel is provided in the condenser bottom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR WORKING THE ROLLERS OF BLINDS, MAPS, AND THE LIKE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Bee at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th March 1881.
STEPHEN BEE, of Grantham, in the County of Lincoln. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR WORKING THE ROLLERS OF BLINDS, MAPS, AND
THE LIKE."
My Invention is intended to facilitate the raising and lowering of window and
other blinds and maps, and such like articles, and to maintain them at any desired
height or position when so raised or lowered as may be required. I dispense with
the use of cords or springs.
In carrying out my Invention, I apply a collar nut or enlarged surface, preferably
roughened or milled, to the lower end of a spindle, which latter may be tubular,
and in such manner that according to the direction in which the collar nut or
surface is rotated, so a rotary motion is imparted to the spindle, which at top may
carry a screw worm or mitre wheel geared into by corresponding appliances on the
roller to which it is desired to communicate the rotary motion. The spindle at
its lower end has placed close to it a step or stop for the reception of the end of
the spindle for steadying and keeping same in position; where in some cases it
may be desirable to dispense with the rotary motion of the spindle and to
substitute a to and fro motion therefor, I replace the worm screw or mitre wheel
by a crank or eccentric, whereby a rotary motion in either direction required is
communicated to the roller to which. the cam, crank, or eccentric is applied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BLOCKING THE UPPER- LEATHERS FOR BOOTS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Holl Morris at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th June 1881. A communication
from abroad by Louis Bonthoux, of the Rue de France, Grenoble, France.
FREDERIC HOLL MORRIS, of No. 28, Cannon Street, in the City of London,
Leather Merchant. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BLOCKING THE UPPER-
LEATHERS FOR BOOTS." A communication from abroad by Louis Bonthoux, of the
Rue de France, Grenoble, France.
This Invention relates to machinery used for blocking, that is, pressing and
stretching into the shape required the upper leathers used in the manufacture of
boots.
This Invention consists essentially of a plate, on one edge of which the leather
to be blocked is stretched and pressed, some jaws, by which the edges of the
leather are held, slides and screws, by which the jaws are moved backwards and
forwards, and a mould, which corresponds with the shape of the edge of the plate,
and which mould is caused by appropriate mechanism to press the leather on to
the edge of the plate together with a suitable stand or other attachment.
A thick plate, by preference of brass, one edge of which is made of the proper
contour to give the leather the required shape, is fixed vertically on a suitable
stand or other firm base, and on each side of the plate are a series of jaws, into
which the edges of the piece of leather to be operated upon are inserted. Each
pair of jaws is provided with an apparatus for closing and jamming them, con-
sisting of a disk carrying an inclined plane and handle, so arranged that one turn
of the handle in one direction closes and jams the pair of jaws, or a turn in the
other direction releases and opens them. Each pair of jaws, together with the
corresponding pair on the opposite side of the plate, are mounted on a slide which
is operated by a screw, by means of which the jaws may be moved towards or
from the edge of the plate on which tho leather is to be placed.
A mould corresponding to the contour of the edge of the plate is arranged so
that it may be brought up to the edge of the plate and pressed against the leather
stretched thereon by means of a lever or levers to which it is connected; and in
machines intended for such work as requires greater pressure than can conveniently
971

page_text: be given by a simple lever, a rack and pinion or other mechanical contrivance is
introduced. The mould and attachments are arranged so as to turn back out of
the way while each fresh piece of leather is being inserted, and the curved edge
of the plate is rounded and polished so as not to cut or injure the leather. Slides
or other attachments are sometimes adapted to the curved edge of the plate to give 5
the variation in shape required for different sizes and kinds of goods.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO SCREW PROPELLERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Jones at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd April 1881.
CHARLES JONES, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO SCREW PROPELLERS."
Screw propellers for steam ships as heretofore made become pitted in use on the
backs of the blades, and the tips break off before a fair amount of work is done,
moreover the pitted blade presents an uneven surface to the water, and increased
power is required to drive the propeller at a given rate of speed.
Now the object of my Invention is to prolong the life of screw propellers, and
increase their efficiency by preventing pitting from taking place.
For that purpose I construct the blades of screw propellers generally with the
front part of metal and the back part of cement or other suitable protecting
material capable of being applied to the blades after they are cast or made, and so
constituted as to adhere firmly thereto.
In practice I prefer that the back of the blade should be cast with fillets, recesses,
or projecting pieces attached or secured thereto, or the recesses formed therein, so
that the cement or protecting material shall have a better hold and be capable of
adhering more securely thereto than if the surface of the back of the blade were
left plane.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXHIBITING ADVERTISEMENTS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Perceval Judge at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th May 1881.
ARTHUR PERCEVAL JUDGE, of No. 36, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXHIBITING ADVERTISEMENTS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for exhibiting
advertisements.
For this purpose I employ a vertical polygonal structure, of any evon number of
sides, preferably surmounted at the top with a projecting pagoda like roof. On the
exterior of every alternate side is placed a looking glass, or it is made attractive by
ornamental decorations. The other alternate sides have each a large space or
opening formed through them. In the interior of the fixed structure is a vertical
polygonal drum having the same number of sides, and just capable of being revolved
within the fixed structure. The bottom of this drum rests upon a horizontal disc.
This disc is fixed centrally upon a vertical axis which is in the centre of the outer
fixed structure. Upon the upper face of this disc, or it might be on another disc fixed
on the axis, is also a ratchet wheel having as many teeth as there are sides to the
drum. A pawl or driver at one end of a rod rests upon the ratchet teeth; the opposite
end of the rod is coupled to a crank pin on a wheel to which a continuous revolving
motion is imparted, preferably by wheel work actuated by springs or weights. In
this way the rod receives a slow to and fro backward and forward motion. When
the rod is drawn back the pawl on its front end rides freely over the surface of the
ratchet teeth and the drum remains at rest; but in the forward movement of the
rod, the pawl comes against the ratchet tooth immediately in front of it, and
gives to the drum a partial revolution according to the number of teeth in the ratchet
wheel; that is, if there are ten teeth, it will make one tenth of a revolution. In
this way the inner drum is made to receive a step by step revolving motion, and
each time that it comes to rest its sides are brought parallel with the sides of the
outer structure, thus there will be one or other of its sides immediately behind the
apertures in every alternate side of the outer structure. Upon the sides of the
drum are mounted the advertisements to be exhibited, preferably they are upon
glass or transparent material, so that at night they may be illuminated by lamps in
the interior of the drum.
In the above manner the advertisements exhibited at any one or other of the
apertures in the sides of the outer structure are continuously changing, whilst the.
outer structure itself is made attractive either by looking glasses or by ornamental
decoration to attract the notice of passers by.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC ACCUMULATORS OR SECONDARY BATTERIES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Muirhead at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th June 1881.
ALEXANDER MUIRHEAD, of No. 27, Regency Street, Westminster. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN ELECTRIC ACCUMULATORS OR SECONDARY BATTERIES."
This Invention relates to improvements in electric accumulators or secondary
batteries specially adapted for use. in connection with dynamo-electric or magneto-
electric machines (or other sources of electrical energy) in systems of electric lighting
or of electrical transmission of power.
I construct the plates or electrodes of each element of such batteries of a number
of sheets of lead-foil, tin-foil, or alloy of manganese and lead in foil, or other metal
in foil, or very thin sheets. These are placed alternately like the plates of a
condenser, that is to say, the first, third, fifth, &c., sheets are connected together to
form one electrode, and the second, fourth, sixth, &c., sheets to form the other
electrode of an element of the battery. I also coat these sheets sometimes with a
mixture of the sesquioxide and red oxide of lead formed into a paste with solution
of sulphuric acid in water, or sometimes with a paste composed of a mixture of
red oxide of lead and red oxide of manganeso; or sometimes I coat the sheets
alternately with a paste composed of a mixture of red oxide of lead and peroxide
of manganese, and with a paste consisting of red oxide of lead only; or sometimes
I interpose between the sheets either acotate or nitrate of lead moistened with
solution of sulphuric acid in water; I also interpose between each sheet of foil
coated in any of the above ways and the next a thin sheet of a permeable material
of somewhat high specific resistance, such as tissue paper soaked in glycerine, or
vegetable parchment.
I polarize the elements constructed in the above manner electrolytically by
means of a dynamo-electric or magneto-electric machine or other source of electrical
energy.
IN ENGINES OR APPARATUS FOR MULTIPLYING POWER
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Clowes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th November 1881.
CHARLES CLOWES, of Stockbridge, in the County of Hants.
IN ENGINES OR APPARATUS FOR MULTIPLYING POWER."
"IMPROVEMENTS
My Invention relates to an improved engine or combination of mechanism for
transmitting and multiplying manual steam or other motive power.
According to my Invention the power of the steam engine or other motor is
applied to a horizontal shaft, and is thence transmitted to a second horizontal
shaft by suitable cranks and an oscillating beam or lever of the first order having
arms of unequal length, whereby the power is multiplied in transmission. From
the second shaft the power may be transmitted to a third shaft in the same way,
and again multiplied, and so on until the desired power is obtained. The power
is applied to a crank on the first shaft, on which is keyed a heavy flywheel, and
the power is taken from a crank on this shaft and is applied through a link or
connecting rod to the long arm of an oscillating beam or lever pivoted on a
suitable fulcrum, and connected by its short arm to a crank on the second shaft,
which also has fixed upon it a heavy flywheel. This second shaft may be applied
to drive a third shaft by similar means, and so on for 3 or 4 times until the desired
power is obtained, the power being taken from the last shaft of the series by
means of a belt or otherwise. The arms of the beam or lever may be in the
proportion of 2 to 1 or other suitable ratio, and the shorter arm may be weighted
to counterbalance the mechanism.
IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR STEERING VESSELS, PART OF SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Legge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th January-1881.
"IMPROVEMENTS
WILLIAM LEGGE, of Middlesborough, in the County of York.
IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR STEERING VESSELS, PART OF SUCH
IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
The object of the first part of my improvements is the production of apparatus
simple in construction and quick in action, also to enable the captain or others in
authority on the vessel to work the rudder from the bridge or other convenient
part of the vessel through such apparatus. For this purpose I provide a pair of
cylinders, between which is. fitted a sliding piece carrying two grooved pulleys.
Each cylinder is provided with a piston and piston rod, to which the sliding piece
is attached. The cylinders are connected in such a manner that the steam admitted
thereto causes the pistons to work simultaneously, and being connected with the
herein before mentioned sliding piece carry the grooved pulleys backwards and
forwards therewith. Round these pulleys is passed the steering chain, which is
also conveyed round a pitch chain pulley, such pitch chain pulley being a fixture
when the steam power is used. By imparting a backward or forward motion to
the grooved pulleys, the chain thereon draws or moves the rudder in any required
direction. I arrange the steam valve and parts connected therewith for trans-
mitting motion to the same, that it may be moved or worked from the bridge or
other convenient place on the vessel for steering purposes.
I further arrange the apparatus so that it can be worked through the medium
of the steering wheel, but this is required only under exceptional circumstances.
Further, my improvements have reference to the ordinary geared steering
apparatus. In these improvements I dispense with the clutch and a portion of
the gearing, and provide apparatus through which the steering chain is worked
or moved. This consists of an external grooved pulley having a smaller pitch
chain pulley fitted on the same shaft and within the grooved pulley. The chain
is passed round the larger pulley, then within it and round the smaller pulley, and
thence to the rudder shaft or tiller. Each of these pulleys when required may be
fixed in position. When the inner pulley is fast or fixed, the outer pulley may
actuate the chain, motion being imparted thereto from suitable motive power. But
when the smaller internal pulley is loose, and the outer pulley fixed in position,
motion may be transmitted thereto by hand. This arrangement of pulleys may be
applied to hoists and the like purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE WORKING OF GATES ON CROSSINGS OF RAILWAYS AND OTHER ROADS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wright and William Stubbs
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd August 1881.
"
THOMAS WRIGHT and WILLIAM STUBBS, both of Stafford, in the County of
Stafford, Fitters. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE WORKING OF GATES ON CROSSINGS
OF RAILWAYS AND OTHER ROADS."
This Invention consists in so arranging the gates at level crossings of roads and
railways that the gates of the one road rise as those of the other fall, and this we
effect by making the gates of either road to balance those of the other, or by
weighting the lighter ones to equal the heavier, so that a watchman stationed at
the point of crossing may by any suitable mechanism close either railway or road
at will.
The gates may be fitted in grooved uprights at the four angles, and for some
purposes may be made to work automatically by the passage of a train over rods
communicating with the gates.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS, AND IN BURNERS FOR SAME
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Guillaume André and
Edward Easton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th
June 1881.
GEORGE GUILLAUME ANDRÉ, of Dorking, in the County of Surrey, and
EDWARD EASTON, of 7, Delabay Street, in the City of Westminster. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS, AND IN BURNERS FOR SAME'
"
Heretofore various materials have been used for burners in such lamps, such
materials being either natural substances, such as vegetable fibres which have been
treated, shaped, or formed by mechanical means, so as to assume forms not naturally
possessed by such fibres or natural fibrous substances, which have been combined
by mechanical or other means, or natural fibrous substances which have been
impregnated or combined with other substances. Various modes have also been
proposed for carbonizing them to make them suitable for burners.
In all such burners it has been found both in the manufacture and in use that
inequalities or unequal strains inherent in such burners or forms of burners cause
fractures of the same.
Now a principal object of this Invention is to produce incandescent burners
which shall be free from these defects, and also bo more lasting and suitable.
According to this Invention we use natural vegetablo substances in their natural
form, or in such manner as not to alter or disturb their structure or natural form
(either straight or otherwise) before carbonizing. We may thus for instance
use the common rush, or stems of grass or other plants, or the beard of wheat or
barley.
Another part of our Invention refers to the form of the burner. Heretofore,
when made of a vegetable substance, it has been bent or made of a horse shoe or
other bent form, which entails the evils herein before stated. Now according to
our Invention, we place it in its straight or natural form between the metallic
conductors to which it is connected. Two or more such burners may be arranged
between two conductors.
The lamp globe containing the burner or burners is exhausted by the "Sprengel"
pump or other suitable means, and has the conductors entering air tight at opposite
end or sides, or they may, especially if the burner is curved or arranged transversely,
enter at the same end or side.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th April 1881. A communication
from abroad by Leon Somzée, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR." A communica-
tion from abroad by Leon Somzée, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
The improvements consist in illuminating a flame of gas by passing therein and
thereby an electric current, so that the passage of the current in the flame excites
and transforms into luminous vibrations certain undulations of the gas flame.
Also in the use of materials, relatively slight conductors of electricity in a finely
divided state, such as powdered coal and magnetizable metals or carbon and
combustible gases, simple or compound, or steam or liquids in a globular form,
such materials being used as exciters for the electric light. Forming by the use
of these materials exciting organisms with a variable resistance, the conducting
power of which may be made dependent on the electric state of the lamp.
Also in the double mode of feeding of lamps one assuring the continuity of the
current by an automatic supplying of the exciting materials dependent on the sole
resistance of the interpolar part of the circuit, the other mode independent of
electric action, and forming a hand regulator, and obtaining by said mode of
feeding, lamps whose electric light is independent of the state of the current which
feeds them, thus compensating in a certain degree for the loss of light resulting
from the addition of successive and intermediate lamps placed on the same circuit,
and also allowing of a subdivision of the electric light, which it is not possible to
obtain with exciters of fixed resistance.
The exciting materials may be of any materials suitable, in a powdered state,
powdered coal, mingled particles of magnetic metal, soft iron, copper, or pure
carbon powdered, or powdered charcoal.
The lamps are constructed with double reservoirs for holding the powdered
excitant, and with regulators for controlling the flow, one reservoir and its contents
being placed in electric contact. The voltaic arc is produced in any convenient
mode, and the powdered excitant supplied to it, as and when required to keep up
a constant and desired quantity of light.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF GENTLEMEN'S HATS FOR PROVIDING BETTER VENTILATION
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Rhodes Seaton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th March 1881.
WILLIAM RHODES SEATON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Commission Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF GENTLEMEN'S
HATS FOR PROVIDING BETTER VENTILATION."
This Invention relates to gentlemen's hats, in each of which there is a frame
giving support to the outside covering, inside lining, and any trimmings fixed
theroon, either separately or combined, and applies to any suitable material of
which the frame is made.
The improvements consist in making in the frame a number of perforations
which do not pass through the lining or covering of silk, cloth, or other porous
fabric or material. In hats having flat tops I perforate the frame (only) between
the brim and the crown, or between the crown and the padding of leather or any
other material, the said padding being sewn at the bottom to the inner edge of the
brim and fitting against the head.
These perforations are made regularly all round, or in sections of any design or
shape, or all over and around the frame in as many places as required, and of any
suitable size or shape, and when desired I also perforate the crown of the frame.
In arch topped hats I perforate the frame all round, or all over in any desired
positions above the brim, or above the padding, which is sewn at the bottom to
the inner edge of the brim and fits against the head; and in both flat and arch
topped hats when the linings are not porous I make perforations in them as well
as in the frames.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES OR COCKS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Alfred Joy at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th March 1881.
ALEXANDER ALFRED JOY, of No. 4, South Street, Finsbury, in the County of
Middlesex, Gas Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES OR COCKS,"
This Invention relates to the construction of a self-regulating valve or cock
suitable for gas, steam, water, or other liquid, whereby the pressure of the fluid is
automatically regulated or controlled.
A suitable arrangement for carrying out my Invention for a main cock for gas is
as follows:-
The body of the cock is constructed in the usual manner, but the plug is formed
hollow; the inlet to the cock is placed below the outlet therefrom, and in the
hollow plug I provide a spherical valve having a tubular seating, the spindle of
the valve extending to the upper part of the cock, where it is connected to a
flexible diaphragm of suitable material, such diaphragm being fixed in an enlarged
chamber at the top of the cock.
By this arrangement it will be understood that the gas entering the cock will
raise or distend the said diaphragm according to the pressure of the gas, and the
diaphragm in rising will raise with it the ball valve so as to more or less close the
outlet of the cock, thus rendering the cock self-regulating.
The plug of the cock may be connected in any suitable manner to the gas main
cock to the meter inlet, so that the opening or closing of the main cock will
automatically open or close the main cock to the meter inlet.
For high pressure, such as for water or steam, in place of the herein before
described flexible diaphragm, I employ a piston of suitable metal which can
move in the upper part of the cock. A piston may also be employed for gas main
cocks.
The valve may be provided with weights or with levers and springs to keep the
valve at a required minimum pressure.
MENTS IN SHEDDING APPARATUS FOR LOOMS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Grube at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 31st August 1881.
EDWARD GRUBE, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
MENTS IN SHEDDING APPARATUS FOR LOOMS."
"IMPROVE-
My Invention relates to the apparatus employed in looms for weaving to actuate
the healds and to control their movements, so as to produce patterns in the cloth
as is well understood, and the principal object of my Invention is to simplify the
said apparatus. To actuate a heald I employ a "jack' or lever, which is acted
upon by a bowl, stud, or projection, which is carried by a vibrating lever, or is
fixed or formed upon a sliding link or part, or is otherwise moved to and fro.
The said bowl or stud acts upon inclines or curves in or on the jacks, and in
or on a switch which is shifted by means of a pattern chain or barrel. The said
switch is or may be formed upon a lever which is jointed to the jack, and is
acted upon by the pattern chain. When the switch lever is not lifted the heald
is lowered or remains down, and when the said lever is lifted the heald is raised,
or vice versa, according to the arrangements. The acting parts of the chain may
consist of collars or washers threaded upon pins. As many jacks are used as
may be required to act upon the healds. To produce more elaborate effects
I mount two or more pattern chains upon a lever or lever-frame, and I employ a
pattern chain to act upon the said lever or lever frame, so as to bring one or the
other of the pattern chains into use. In some cases I connect the jacks with
bell-crank levers so as to have two points of connection with the upper shafts, and
when a positive motion is required I also connect with lower jacks. The apparatus
may receive motion from the crank shaft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Timothy Bradbury at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th March 1881.
CHARLES TIMOTHY BRADBURY, of Buckton Grange, near Stalybridge, in the
County of Chester. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING."
My Invention consists of improvements in dyeing cotton piece goods black.
In the processes now in use for dyeing cotton piece goods black, it is usual first
to mordant the pieces to be dyed, which are afterwards passed through logwood
or other extracts of dyewoods.
My Invention consists in first passing the cotton piece goods to be dyed through
a liquor containing logwood or other similar or suitable extracts of dye woods,
chlorate of potash or other oxidizing agent, acetic acid, acetate, or nitrate of
chrome, or other suitable substances, as occasion may require, the proportions
and quantities of the above materials being varied as may be found requisite.
After the pieces to be dyed have been immersed in and become saturated with
the above liquor, they are then passed between rollers or other suitable apparatus
to remove excess of liquor and are then dried.
I then subject the pieces to the action of steam, which can be applied at any
desired pressure and thereby fix the colour.
The piece goods are then passed through prepared chemical solutions, consisting
chiefly of oxidizing agents, including bichromate of potash, chromates and
permanganates, which operation "raises" the colour, after which the pieces are
finished in the usual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE LOCKS AND HANDLES."
Year: 1881

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edwards at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th March 1881.
_JOHN EDWARDS, of 90, Greenwood Road, Hackney, in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE LOCKS AND HANDLES."
My improvements consist in making locks with two springs operated indepen-
dently of each other in such a manner that when the bolt to which a tail is formed
is turned up, the tail is made to press against a lever and operate one spring as it is
turned up. Further, a hook which is formed on the bolt commences to engage the
other spring, this other spring acting as a means to pull the bolt partly out of the case
of the lock, so that when the door is pushed to it is secured; also in forming locks
in such a manner that the tumbler is made to move a certain distance before com-
mencing to operate the bolt, but as the tumbler is still moved round it operates
the bolt and allows the door to be opened; also in forming locks called pad locks
in such a manner that the weight of the lock acts to pull the lock open, thus
shewing plainly that the lock is not fastened; and by the assistance of a spring I
make the bar of the lock to rise up of itself, and remain so untill forced down by
hand and locked. I make the end of the bar to shut down onto the case instead
of into it, as heretofore. With regard to the handles for locks it is found that
those now in use made of metal tarnish and give great trouble in cleaning and
annoyance to passengers owing to the cleaning material not being wiped off. To
overcome this I make the handles for railway and other carriages with the front
face and sometimes the body of the handle of a new oxidising material such as
enamelled plates, toughened glass, vegetable ivory, and other such like substances.
When plates are used for the front face of the handles they may be secured into a
metal frame by turning the edge of the frame over the edge of the plate, which
would bind them securely in position. By the same means the frame and its plate
can be secured to the body of the handle; also in forming the handles of iron,
and then covering the exposed parts by a superior metal by casting or otherwise
fixing such metal on the iron part that is exposed when in use.