Im- PROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC OR OTHER LIKE PRESSES, AND IN THE APPARATUS PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATIONNECTED THERE WITH FOR EXTRACTING OILS FROMEEDS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Johnson, of Nailor Street Foundry, Liverpool,
in the County of Lancaster, Millwright and Engineer, and Isaiah
Adamson, of Liverpool, aforesaid, Millwright, for the Invention of "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC OR OTHER LIKE PRESSES, AND IN THE APPARATUS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Johnson and
Isaiah Adamson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 11th June 1860.
We, WILLIAM JOHNSON, of Nailor Street Foundry, Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster, Millwright and Engineer, and ISAIAH ADAMSON, of Liverpool,
aforesaid, Millwright, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC OR OTHER LIKE PRESSES, AND IN THE APPARATUS
CONNECTED THERE WITH FOR EXTRACTING OILS FROM SEEDS," to be as follows (that
is to say):
This Invention relates to the machinery used for extracting oil from seeds,
and other like purposes, and consists in connecting three or more force pumps
to every two hydraulic or other like presses, used in place of two as now
practised, and in applying regulators, that the action of one press may be
controlled without effecting the other. This may be accomplished by means
of, say, one large and two small force pumps, the larger pump being connected

page_text: to both presses by branch pipes or passages, and the small ones to each press
singly. The water, oil, or other fluid passing into said branches through valves
as long as the resistance on the valves is overcome by the action of the ram of
the larger pump, after which the valves close, and the small pump or pumps
belonging to the press or presses which may have ceased to be acted upon by
the large pump are then only in action. Should both of the presses be cut off
from the influence of the larger pump by reason of both of the branch pipes
from the large pump being closed by their respective valves, the pump is
relieved by the opening of the safety valve, which allows the water, oil, or
other fluid used to escape. The valves on the branch pipes may be closed or
held on their seats by screwed rods, or other mechanical equivalents regulated
by hand, thereby enabling the operator to use one or both presses at discretion.
And it is proposed to "pack" the rams of hydraulic and other like presses
used for crushing seeds for the purpose of extracting oils therefrom with discs
of cupped or dished leather attached to the bottom of the rams, in place of the
annular rings of leather now used, and fixed within grooves cut in the inner
surfaces of the cylinders of the press.
And this Invention further consists in heating the "blocks" or "followers"
of hydraulic or other like presses, by introducing steam or other fluid into the
interior of the "blocks" or "followers," which are formed hollow or chambered
for the purpose, and connected to the steam boiler or other heat generator by
flexible or partially flexible or jointed pipes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Johnson and Isaiah Adamson in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 11th December 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
JOHNSON, of Nailor Street Foundry, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Millwright and Engineer, and ISAIAH ADAMSON, of Liverpool, aforesaid, Mill-
wright, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-second year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
William Johnson and Isaiah Adamson, Her special licence that we, the
said William Johnson and Isaiah Adamson, our executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, or such others as we, the said William Johnson and Isaiah

page_text: Adamson, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HYDRAULIC OR OTHER LIKE PRESSES, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH FOR EXTRACTING OILS FROM SEEDS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said William Johnson and Isaiah Adamson,
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
our
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Johnson and Isaiah Adam-
son, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement (that is to say):-
This our said Invention relates to the machinery used for extracting oil
from seeds and other like purposes, and consists in connecting three or more
force pumps to every two hydraulic or other like presses used, in place of two,
as now practised, and in applying regulators that the action of one press may
be controlled without effecting the other. This may be accomplished by
means of, say, one large and two small force pumps, the larger pump being
connected to both presses by branch pipes or passages, and the small pumps
to each press singly. The water, oil, or other fluid pässing from the large
pump into the said branches through valves, as long as the resistance on the
valves is overcome by the action of the ram of the larger pump, after which
the valves close, and the small pum or pumps belonging to the press or
presses which may have ceased to be acted upon by the large pump are then
only in action. Should both of the presses be cut off from the influence of
the larger pump by reason of both of the branch pipes from the large pump
being closed by their respective valves, the pump is relieved by the opening of
the safety valve, which allows the water, oil, or other fluid to escape. The
valves on the branch pipes may be closed or held on their seats by screwed
rods, or other mechanical equivalents regulated by hand, thereby enabling the
operator to use one or both presses at discretion. And we == pack "the rams
of hydraulic and other like presses used for pressing seeds for the purpose of
extracting oils therefrom with discs of cupped or dished leather attached to

page_text: the bottom of the rams, in place of the annular rings of leather now used,
fixed within grooves cut in the inner surfaces of the cylinders of the presses.
And this our said Invention further consists in heating the "blocks" or
"followers" of hydraulic or other like presses by introducing steam or other
fluid into the interior of the "blocks" or "followers," which we form hollow
or chambered for the purpose, and we connect then to a steam boiler or other
heat generator by flexible or partially flexible or jointed pipes.
That these our aid improvements may be the more readily seen and under-
stood, we have hereunto annexed Drawings in partial illustration of the
practical application of the Invention to two presses. Like letters and figures
marked on the Drawings are intended to denote similar parts. That our
improvements may be more clearly seen in the annexed Drawings, we have
onitted showing the safety valves on the pumps, which are applied in the
ordinary manner.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a hydraulic press fitted with our improved
followers," which are capable of being heated by steam or other heating
fluid; and Figure 2 is a vertical sectional elevation of the same; Figure 3 is
a top view of the press; and Figure 4 is an horizontal section of the press,
taken from a to b, Figure 1; Figure 5 is an horizontal section of the press
cylinder taken from c to d, showing the plan of applying our improved cupped
leather packing to the under side of the ram; Figure 6 is a top view or plan
of one of our improved "followers," showing the mode we use for heating
them, and their position between the columns of the press; Figure 7 is a front
elevation, showing our improved arrangement of force pumps for actuating
two presses; and Figure 8 is an horizontal cross sectional plan of the same,
taken from e to f, Figure 7; Figure 9 is a full-sized partial sectional elevation
of our improved regulating apparatus, which, in combination with the safety
valves of each pump, control the action of the machine.
"
A, the external casing enclosing the lower part of the cylinder of the press
ram; B, the press cylinder; C, the press ram; D, the cupped leather packing
of the press ram, which is held in position by E, a metalic disc attached to
the under side of the press ram by F, a set screw; G, the press columns;
H, the head of the press; I, the improved "blocks or "followers," which
are seen in side elevation at Figure 1, and in vertically cross section at Figure 2,
and in plan at Figure 6; K, cavity formed in the "blocks" or "followers"
for beating them when in use, which, in this modification, is shown as a
tubular passage, but which may be made of any other convenient form;
L, rests on the press columns for the "blocks" or "followers;" M and M', the
inlet and outlet heating pipes of the "followers," which are to be connected to

page_text: a steam boiler or other heat generator by suitable union or swivel-jointed
pipes, or in any other convenient way; N, the cistern containing oil, water, or
other suitable liquid for charging the apparatus; O, a vertical column, on the
head of which is supported the axis of P, a lever beam, to which are jointed Q
and Q', the connecting rods of R and R', the rams of the smaller force pumps;
and S, the connecting rod of T, the ram or plunger of the large force pump;
U, horizontal projecting arms, through which the upper ends of the plunger
rods work; V and V₁, the junction pipes connecting the regulating apparatus
with their respective presses; W, the junction pipe, which connects the large
pipe with the regulating apparatus attached to cach of the smaller pumps.
The following references relate mainly to Figure 9, which shows a partial
vertical sectional elevation of one of the regulators, one of which we attach to
each of the small pumps.
A the inlet passage from small pump; B, the inlet passage from the large
pump; C, the feed passage to the press cylinder; D, a lift valve on the mouth
of the inlet passage of the larger pump, which is forced open by the action of
the large pump until it is overcome by a superior resistance on its upper
surface, when it falls down upon its seat, and cuts off the communication of
the large pump with the press cylinder, and the interior of E, the regulating
chamber; F, a vertical screwed spindle, which passes through G, a gland,
screwed into the upper side of the regulating chamber, and which is packed
by an annular flanched leather ring; H, a toothed wheel on the head of the
vertical spindle F, which works into I, a second toothed wheel on the head
of K, a second vertical screwed spindle, which works through L, a second
gland, which is also screwed into the upper surface of the regulating chamber;
M, a square, formed on the head of the vertical screwed spindle F, to receive
a crank handle, by turning which from left to right, elevates spindle F, and
depresses spindle H, thereby releasing the inlet valve on the mouth of the
passage from the large pump, and closing N the outlet orifice (which is here
shown open) through which the liquid used flows from the press cylinder as
the ram of the press descends to its normal position, and which escape or
outlet orifice is closed when it is desired to elevate the press ram by merely
turning a crank handle on the head of spindle F from left to right, which also
relieves the valve on the inlet passage of the large pump from the lower end
of spindle F.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of this our said
Invention, and how we believe it can be best carried into practical effect, we
wish it to be understood that we do not confine ourselves to the precise details
or dimensions, or relative proportions berein-before described and set forth, as

page_text: it will be readily seen that the same may be considerably varied without
departing from the Invention; but what we claim as new, and our Inven-
tion, is,―
First, the use of three or more force pumps in combination with two
hydraulic or other like presses.
Secondly, the peculiar arrangement of apparatus whereby the action of one
press may be controlled without effecting the other, as herein-before described
and set forth,. or any mere modification of the same.
Thirdly, packing the rams of bydraulic and other like presses used for
pressing seeds for the purpose of extracting oils therefi om, with discs of cupped
or dished leather attached to the bottom of the rams, as herein-before described
and set forth, or any mere modification of the same.
Fourthly, heating the "blocks" or "followers" of hydraulic or other like
presses by introducing steam or other heating fluid into the interior of the
"blocks" or "followers," which are formed hollow, or suitably chambered for
that purpose, as herein-before described, or any mere modification of the same.
And, lastly, the general arrangement, construction, and combination of the
various parts of the apparatus herein-before described and set forth, or any
mere modification of the same.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Johnson and Isaiah Adamson,
have hereunto set our hands and affixed our seals, this Tenth day
of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty.
Witness,
WILLIAM WALKER,
of 44, Castle Street,
Liverpool.
WILLIAM (L.s.) JOHNSON.
ISAIAH (L.S.) ADAMSON.