IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR COUNTING AND INDICATING THE NUMBER OF REVOLUTIONS OF SHAFTS OR OTHER ARTICLES, AND FOR EXERTING POWER
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Bernoulli Barlow, of the City of Manchester,
Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR COUNTING AND INDICATING THE NUMBER OF REVOLUTIONS OF
SHAFTS OR OTHER ARTICLES, AND FOR EXERTING POWER."--A communication
from abroad by Arnold Caflisch, of Winterthur, in the Republic of
Switzerland.
Sealed the 4th July 1862, and dated the 21st January 1862.
+
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow
at the Office of the. Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st January 1862.
I, HENRY BERNOULLI BARLOW, of the City of Manchester, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR COUNTING AND INDICATING THE NUMBER OF RE-
VOLUTIONS OF SHAFTS OR OTHER ARTICLES, AND FOR EXERTING POWER," being a
communication to me from abroad by Arnold Çaflisch, of Winterthur, in the
Republic of Switzerland, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in various arrangements of "compound differential
motions" for the purpose of reducing or increasing the speed of any given shaft
in any given proportion, but principally for obtaining a very slow motion, and in
applying the same either for the exertion of great power, or for counting and

page_text: indicating the number of revolutions which the shaft moving with the greater
velocity is making in any space of time. The same purpose has been effected
hitherto by trains of spur or bevel wheels, or by worms or worm wheels, or by
palls taking into ratchet wheels, all of which arrangements have certain dis-
advantages which are obviated by this Invention.
In carrying out this Invention I propose to drive by the shaft running with
the greater speed, and which I will call the first motion shaft, two concentric
wheels in opposite directions by means of one or two bevel pinions fixed to it,
and working into two corresponding bevel wheels, one on each side of the
first motion shaft; or there may be one or two spur pinions on the first motion
shaft working into one external and one internal spur wheel, or working into
two external or two internal spur wheels, one of which is made to revolve in
the opposite direction by receiving its motion through a carrier wheel from
the corresponding pinion, or three wheels may be driven by right and left-
handed worms, or by one or two cranks or eccentrics actuating palls which
take into corresponding ratchet wheels; or any of the means usually employed
to drive by the same shaft two concentric wheels in opposite directions. Each
of these two wheels has to be firmly connected with another external or
internal spur wheel or a bevel wheel, the latter two wheels gearing into a
corresponding pinion or two pinions firmly connected together and revolving
loosely on a stud, or with their stud in some suitable bearing in the manner of
a mechanical arrangement known as the sun-and-planet wheels. This pinion
or pinions receive thus, a double motion, namely, a rotary motion round their
axis, and progressive motion round a circle, whose centre lies within the
axis of the concentric wheels above mentioned. This progressive motion they
impart to their stud, which has to be connected to a central shaft or a con-
centric disc, being furnished with divisions for reading off the proportional
speed of the first motion shaft, or being connected with some drum or windlass
or other apparatus for exerting great power. Instead of driving two wheels
in opposite directions by the first motion shaft, three wheels may be driven in
the same direction, but with considerably differing velocities by any of the
above-mentioned means. Each of these wheels must again be firmly con-
nected with another wheel, the latter two wheels working into corresponding
pinions fast to each other; and travelling around the common axis of the
wheels, imparting motion to them in the manner of the sun-and-planet wheels
as described above.
}

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry. Bernoulli Barlow. in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 19th July 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
BERNOULLI BARLOW, of the City of Manchester, Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, Her special license that I, the said Henry
Bernoulli Barlow, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR COUNTING AND INDI-
CATING THE NUMBER OF REVOLUTIONS OF SHAFTS OR OTHER ARTICLES, AND FOR
EXERTING POWER," being a communication to me from abroad by Arnold Caflisch,
of Winterthur, in the Republic of Switzerland, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of.
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say):-
This Invention consists in various arrangements of compound differential
motions for the purpose of reducing or increasing the speed of any given shaft
in any given proportion, but principally for obtaining a very slow motion and
in applying the same either for the exertion of great power; or for counting
and indicating the number of revolutions which the shaft moving with the
greater velocity is making in any space of time. The same purpose has
usually been effected by trains of spur or bevel wheels, or by worms and worm

page_text: wheels, or by palls taking into ratchet wheels, all of which arrangements have
certain disadvantages which are obviated by this Invention.
In carrying out this Invention I propose to drive by the shaft running with
the greater speed, and which I will call the first motion shaft, two concentric
wheels in opposite directions, by means of one or two bevel pinions fixed to it
and working into two. corresponding bevel wheels, one on each side of the first
motion shaft, or there may be one or two spur pinions on the first motion
shaft, working into one external and one internal spur wheel, or working into
two external or two internal spur wheels, one of which is made to revolve in
the opposite direction by receiving its motion through a carrier wheel from
the corresponding pinion; or these wheels may be driven by right and left
handed worms, or by one or two cranks or eccentrics actuating palls which
take into corresponding ratchet wheels, or any of the means usually employed
to drive by the same shaft two concentric wheels.in opposite directions. Each of
these two wheels has to be firmly connected with another external or internal
spur wheel or a bevil wheel, the latter two wheels gearing into a corresponding
pinion or two pinions firmly connected together, and revolving loosely on a
stud or with their stud in some suitable bearing, in the manner of a mechanical
arrangement known as the sun-and-planet wheels. This pinion or pinious
receive thus a double motion, namely, a rotary motion round their axis, and a
progressive motion round a circle whose centre lies within the axis of the
concentric wheels above mentioned. This progressive motion they impart to
their stud, which has to be connected to a central shaft or a concentric disk,
being furnished with divisions for reading off the proportional speed of the
first motion shaft, or being connected with some drum or windlass, or other
apparatus for exerting great power. Instead of driving two wheels in opposite
directions by the first motion shaft, these wheels may be driven in the same
direction, but with considerably differing velocities by any of the above
mentioned means. Each of these wheels must again be firmly connected with
another wheel, the latter two wheels working into corresponding pinions fast
to each other and travelling around the common axis of the wheels, imparting
motion to them in the manner of the sun-and-planet wheels as described.
above.
And in order that this Invention may be fully understood and readily.
carried into operation, I will proceed to describe the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters marked thereon.
Figures 1 and 2 represent in full size an arrangement of my. Invention,
which I prefer to employ instead of the indicators hitherto in use for con-
trolling or indicating the length of thread, or the number of hanks delivered

page_text: by the front rollers of slubbing and roving frames, or other machinery
employed in spinning. .
Figure 1 is a front elevation with the cover B removed, drawn partly in
section through the lines O, P, and Q, R, of Figure 2, to shew the action of
the compound differential motion. Figure 2 is a vertical section through the
line M, N, of Figure 1; W is a worm on the front or delivering roller of the
machine, driving by means of the worm wheel E, the small arbor E¹ which
has at the opposite end the small pinion E³ formed or fixed to it. This pinion
gears at the same time into the internal wheel R³ and the external wheel R¹,
which are thus made to revolve in opposite directions. To the wheel R² is
connected the wheel R³ in such a manner as to turn with it, by either being
cast or shaped in one piece with the wheel R2 or otherwise fastened to it, and
in the same way the wheel R' is connected with the wheel R¹; both these
wheels R* and R³ are working into another small pinion A, which turns
loosely on a stud A¹ fixed to the dial plate D, and has a double motion
imparted to it by the wheels R* and R³, namely a rotary motion round its
axis and a progressive motion in a circle around the common axis of the
wheels R', R', and R2, R3, which progressive motion is also imparted to the
dial plate D, and is the motion desired. On the dial plate D are marked
divisions on the side opposite the pinion A, each of them representing the
length of one hank or eight hundred and forty yards, as is well known to
spinners and manufacturers.
Tho whole of the moving parts are supported by and contained in the
casing C, which is provided with a boss for the small shaft E', and a foot or
bracket F, by which it is fixed to some convenient part of the machine. The
circular projections C¹ and C² are turned or shaped so as to form an annular
space, within which all the wheels work in such a manner that the convex
part C¹ forms the bearing of the wheels R' and R', whilst the internal wheels
R2 and R3 run on the inner or concave part C³.
For the purpose of excluding dust and preventing workpeople tampering
with the counting apparatus, the whole is closed up by a cover B which has a
segmental shaped slot covered with horn or other transparent material for
reading off the divisions on the plate D, as is commonly practised in similar
apparatus.
Where internal wheels are deemed objectionable, I propose to employ the
arrangement represented by Figure 3 and 4, where all the wheels are ordinary
spur wheels. The shaft Ẹ' being furnished with a square end E outside may
be fitted to the end of the shaft, whose revolutions the apparatus is to
count.

page_text: To the other end of the shaft E' are fixed the two pinions E2 and Es, the
former working directly into the wheel R', the latter driving the wheel Ra
through the intermediate or carrier wheel F in the opposite direction to R'..
To the wheel R' is firmly connected the wheel R* gearing into the pinion A,
and in the same manner the wheel R is connected to R2, the wheel R³
driving the pinion A by means of the carrier wheel F1; the studs upon which
the pinions F¹, A, and A³, revolve being fixed to the dial plate D, whilst the
carrier wheels F and the short shaft E¹ have their bearings in the bracket C,
containing the whole of the moving parts. On the outside of the dial plate D
are marked divisions, which may be read off by the hand or pointer D². The
dial plate and the wheels R³ and R³ revolve on the stud D¹ which is fixed into
a suitable boss of the bracket C, whilst the wheels R¹ and R revolve on the
boss connecting the two wheels R2 and R³.
The upper half of Figure 4 represents the wheels E², E³, F, R³, and R³,
and the lower portion represents the wheels A1, A2, F1, R', and R³.
In the latter arrangement the carrier wheels F and E³ might be dispensed
with, the wheels E³ working directly into the wheel R2, and the wheel R*
'directly into A. The number of teeth in the wheels may be such as to
produce a considerable difference in the speed of the wheels R¹, R4, and
R², R³.
Figure 5 represents another arrangement drawn to a reduced scale, which I
propose to employ for producing great gearing power as is required for capstans
and other similar apparatus. Here the first motion shaft E¹ is represented as
being driven by a pulley E, over which a strap is to be passed. On this shaft
are the pinions E¹ and E, the former gearing into the external wheel R¹, the
latter into the internal wheel R³. To R¹ is firmly connected the wheel R*
driving the pinion A', and to R2 is fixed the internal wheel R³ driving the
pinion A, both A¹ and A being fast to the short shaft A which revolves
loosely in its bearing D. Now, if the gearing E¹, R', R, and A¹, were so
arranged as to impart to the shaft A the same speed as the gearing E², R³,
R³, and A, then the shaft A would be only revolving in its bearings, but other-
wise remain stationary; if, however, there be a slight difference in the pro-
portional speed transmitted by the two ranges of wheels, then the shaft A will
acquire a slow progressive motion in a circle around the common axis of the
wheels R', R', and R2, R3, and being firmly connected with the shaft D' by
the crank piece D, will impart this slow motion to the latter, whence it may
be further transmitted and utilised in any convenient manner.
In any of the arrangements described above the action of the wheels may
be reversed and a comparatively high speed may be given to what I have called

page_text: the first motion shaft, by applying the driving power to the central shaft or its
equivalent in such a manner as to act on the sun-and-planet wheels, as will
be understood by mechanics. In cases where great power is to be exerted
or great smoothness of action required, it may be advisable to employ two or
more suitably placed first motion shafts with their corresponding pinions, and
also two or more pinions or pairs of pinions acting as sun-and-planet wheels, so
as to distribute the strain and not to depend entirely on the soundness and
good shape of every tooth of the pinions and wheels employed.
Having thus stated the nature of the Invention and the manner of per-
forming the same, as communicated to me, I declare that I claim the improved
combinations and arrangements of machinery or apparatus, as shewn and
as described, for counting and indicating the number of revolutions of shafts
or other articles, and for exerting power.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
H. B. BARLOW. (L.S.)