IMPROVEMENTS IN PRE- PARING BLACK LEAD, CHALK, AND OTHER MATERIALS USED FOR DRAWING, "WRITING, AND MARKING
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Webster 'Rammell, of Trafalgar Square, in
the County of Middlesex, for 'the Invention' of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRE-
PARING BLACK LEAD, CHALK, AND OTHER MATERIALS USED FOR DRAWING,
"WRITING, AND MARKING."
Sealed the 18th April 1856, and dated the 31st October 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Webster Rammell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st October 1855.
.
3
I, THOMAS WEBSTER RAMMELL, of Trafalgar Square, in the County. of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PREPARING BLACK LEAD, CHALK, AND OTHER MATERIALS USED FOR DRAWING,
WRITING, AND MARKING," to be as follows, that is to say: -
This Invention has for its object the coating black lead, chalk, or other
materials used for drawing, writing, and marking with cement, in order to give
strength thereto, and to increase the diameter thereof. For this purpose various
cements may be used, such as those made of plaster-of-paris, lime, chalk, and
others, with size or adhesive materials. By this means thin strips or pieces of
black lead, chalk, and other materials are rendered more suitable for being
used, and for being held in various descriptions of cases and holders; and in
making cases or holders for the same it is preferred to construct the caps or
some parts thereof with cutters, to point the writing or marking material by
removing the external plaster, and also the marking material near the points,
such caps or parts being made with conical guides, in order to direct the pointed
ends of the materials to the cutters.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Webster Rammell in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 30th April 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
WEBSTER RAMMELL, of Trafalgar Square, in the County of Middlesex, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Thomas Webster Rammell, Her special licence that I, the, said
Thomas Webster Rammell, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Thomas Webster Rammell, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter. during the term..therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an. Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING BLACK LEAD,
CHALK, AND OTHER MATERIALS USED FOR DRAWING, WRITING, AND MARKING," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Thomas Webster Rammell,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Webster Rammell, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:―
This Invention has for its object the coating black lead, chalk, or other
materials used for drawing, writing, and marking with cement, in order to give
For this purpose
strength thereto, and to increase the diameter thereof.
various cements may be used, such as those made of plaster-of-paris, lime,
chalk, and others, with size or adhesive materials. By this means thin strips
or pieces of black lead, chalk, and other materials are rendered more suitable
for being used, and for being held in various descriptions of cases and holders;
and-in making cases or holders for the same, .it..is... preferred to construct the

page_text: caps or some parts thereof with cutters, to point the writing or marking material
by removing the external plaster, and also the marking material near the points,
such caps or parts being made with conical guides, in order to direct the pointed
ends of the materials to the cutters.
.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING..
.:
Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of an apparatus arranged in a suitable
manner for carrying out my Invention, which consists of coating lead, chalk,,
or other material used for drawing, writing, and marking with cement in a
plastic state, so as to strengthen and give encreased diameter to the marking
material. The plastic cement for these purposes may be greatly varied; but
I prefer to employ whitening and size made into the consistence of soft dough,
and so that it may be moulded by being expressed through a die or moulding
orifice. a, a, is a fixed bed plate, on which the plate b, b, is capable of sliding,
its two ends being guided by guides fixed to the table; c is a screw for moving
the plate b, b. On the plate b, b, are fixed any number of cylinders or other
proper form of chambers d for containing the cement. Each cylinder has a
piston e to express the cement out at the end, and through the moulding die
or orifice f.
It should be stated, that although I prefer to use pistons as the means of
expressing the cement through the dies; I do not confine myself thereto, asi
other apparatus may be employed in place thereof for expressing the plastic
cement employed from a suitable holder, as has heretofore been the case when
forming tubes and other articles of clay and other materials.. 9 is a fixed block,
into which the ends of the cylinders or apparatus d fit. The moulding orifice f
for each cylinder d is placed in a recess in the front of the. block g; as shown.
The moulding orifice consists of a central cylindrical hollow holder for receiving
the end of a piece of black lead, or of chalk, or of other marking material,
such marking material being cut or formed with four equal. sides, so that the
marking material in entering the cylindrical holder will admit of the plastic
cement passing through the spaces left between the sides of the marking
material and the interior of the central cylindrical holder of the moulding die.
The marking material may, however, be cut or formed to other than a square
section. In addition to the central passage for the cement, there is an opening
through the die above and below the centre for the passage of the cement.
h is a block in which what may be called the moulds i are formed; this block
is fixed to the plate b, b, by pins j. On the cement being expressed from the

page_text: cylinders & through the moulding orifices, it enters the moulds i, in each of which
is held a piece of black lead or of other marking material, as is shown, and so
soon as the cement passes at the. passage the movement of the plate bis
stopped, and the moulds i are to be removed from the front of the moulding
orifices. The several coated pieces of black lead or of other marking material are
then to be forced out of the moulds by the rams k. Fresh pieces of.black lead.or
other marking material are then to be placed in the central holders of the dies
or moulding orifices, and the block of moulds is to be again placed and held in
position. The outer ends of the pieces of black. lead or of other marking
material will become properly centered in the moulds by their entering the
hollow. conical recesses at the ends of the rams k as the block of mould i is
moved up to its proper position.
I would state, that although I believe the apparatus above described to be
the best and most convenient form of moulds to produce the requisite coating
to the pieces of black lead, or of chalk, or of other marking material, I do
not. :confine myself thereto, as other forms of moulds may be used in place
thereof..to produce the coatings.
In constructing, pencil cases, it is preferred to form. the interior of the caps
or ends thereof, with cutters, such as will. produce a point to the cement, and
also to. the contained marking material; but. I make no claim thereto.
Figure 2 shows a section of the cutting apparatus which I prefer.
Having thus described the nature of my said. Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I claim the coating of
black lead,, chalk, and other marking materials with cement, in order to give
increased diameter and strength to such inarking materials.
In witness whereof; I, the said Thomas Webster Rammell, have hereunto
set my hand and seal,- this Twenty-ninth day of April, in the year of
a our Lord: One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Witness,
JNO:ALCOCK..
T. W. RAMMELL. (L.S.)