IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR WEAVING TAPE
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn
Fields, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR WEAVING TAPE."-A communication
from abroad by Frederick Foster Burlock, of Birmingham, Con-
maatiot TT Chat
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 23rd July 1874.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR WEAVING TAPE," a
communication to me from abroad by Frederick Foster Burlock,
of Birmingham, Connecticut, United States of America, to be as
follows:-
•
M
T

page_text: At one end of the frame to which the various parts of the machine
are attached is the warp roller carrying the warp which passes through
the harness frame, reeds, and over the breast beam at the other end of
the machine, then around and between rolls and on to a reel or bobbin.
Besides the warp threads mentioned another warp thread is employed, {
one end of which is connected to the shuttle while the other end passes
over with the other warp threads and is connected to the said reel or
bobbin. The function of this second or shuttle thread is to form a stitch
with the weft thread, and thus constituto one of the selvago edges of the
tape, the other selvage edge being formed by the usual weaving :
process.
The weft thread passes through the end of the weft rod, thence
through a guide hole to the spool, which is formed with a projecting
flange extending considerably beyond the space occupied by the throad
itself, so that the thread will readily reel off from the spool or bobbin
which need not revolve. The shuttle is moved backwards and forwards by
a slide operated by a pitman worked by suitable gear from the driving
or main shaft. The said slide has a projecting arm which engages with
the rear of the shuttle and presses it forward, also an arm having a lever,
the lower end of which is held in position by a spring so as to operate
against the front end of the shuttle and cause it to move back. To take
the shuttle out of the race this lever can be turned up so as to allow the
removal of the shuttle.
The weft rod is operated by a second pitman in combination with a
lever and cam. The shuttle end of the weft rod has an upward projection
by which the weft thread is held above the rod at the point where the
shuttle passes, so that the point of the shuttle is sure to pass under the
thread.
Motion is communicated to the recds through a rocker shaft in com-
bination with a lever and cam on the driving or main shaft, and motion
is communicated to the harness frames by a combination of rods, levers,
and rocking cams. These rocking cams are hung on a shaft, and aro
free to oscillate on the same. This shaft is caused to revolve by a worm
gear which receives motion from the main or driving shaft, two cam
wheels are fastened to and revolve with the rocking cam shaft, and on
the same shaft is a rocking or swinging frame to which motion is com-
municated by an arm which is operated by a cam on the driving or
main shaft, so that when the said arm is in motion the rocking or

page_text: swinging frame is constantly vibrating backwards and forwards. A pawl
is attached to the frame, and is so arranged as to come in contact with
the said rocking cam so that as the rocking or swinging frame vibrates
it will throw this cam forward, and by lifting an arm in connection with
the lever and rods before mentioned give motive power to the harness
frame. The said pawl has a small pin projecting from it and extending
over the periphery of a second cam, so that as this second cam revolves
the high parts of the same will come in contact with the said pin and
lift the pawl up so that it will not come in contact with the notch in the
first cam, and consequently the harness framo to which it belongs will
remain stationary.
The belt shipping device consists of a belt fork and vertical rod which
is bent at its upper end so as to form a handle. Upon the said vertical
rod is fixed a holding lover which is caught by a latch. This device is.
to prevent the belt shipper from springing back and throwing the belt
on to the loose pulley.
When the loom is in motion and it is desirable to throw the belt off
and thus stop the loom it is only necessary to push the catch out of
contact with the liolding lever, in which case the shipper will fly back
and the machine stop.
An automatic device is also employed for throwing off the latch and
thus stopping the loom when from any cause the filling thread is not
woven into the warp. This device consists of a feeler lever, the upper
end of which rests upon the woven tape. Immediately under the point
of the feeler lever a hole is made in the breast beam which is covered
by the tape, the tape preventing the point of the lever from going into
the hole which it would otherwise do, being impelled by a spring. Now
if the warp is unfilled and the machine continues to run, the warp
threads alone will not be sufficient to prevent the point of the feeler
lever from falling into the hole in the breast beam. When this takes
place the opposite end of the said lever rises up, taking with it a bent
lever. This bent lever. is fastened to the rear of the latch, and if it is
moved by the action of the feeler lever so as to come opposite the rod
projecting from the shuttle carrier, then as the latter advances this
projecting rod will hit the bent lever and push it outward, carrying with
it the latch, and thus release the shipper and holder, thereby allowing
the belt to pass on to the loose pulley and the machine to stop.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 20th January 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of 1
Middlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the 38th
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said John Henry Johnson, Her special license that I,
the said John Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said John Henry Johnson, my exccutors, admi-
nistrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES
FOR WEAVING TAPE," a communication to me from abroad by Frederick
Foster Burlock, of Birmingham, Connecticut, United States of America,
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Henry
Johnson, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say:
The said Invention relates to a series of improved devices in machinery
for weaving tape (under which designation is understood ribbons and
other narrow goods or small wares) and it consists,—

page_text: First. In the employment of a weft rod or needle having a projection
or boss for holding the weft thread (which is threaded or passes through
the same from a spool or bobbin on which it is wound) above such rod
or needle to admit of the passage through the loop thus obtained of a
shuttle carrying an extra or additional warp thread for forming the
selvage on one side of the web.

page_text: A, B, represents the framo to which the various parts of the machine
are attached. u, Figures 1 and 2, is the warp roller, u² being the warp.
This warp passes over the roller v', through the harness frame N, the
reed M, and over the breast beam ut, then round and between tho
rolls V, and on to the reel V³. In addition to the warp threads ³
another warp thread E³ (shewn clearly in Figure 3) is employed, one end
of which thread is connected to the shuttle S whilst the other end
passes over with the other warp threads and is connected to the rcel V³.
The function of the shuttlo thread E³ is to form a stitch with the weſt
thread E, and thus constitute one of the selvage edges of the web, the
other selvage edge being formed by the usual weaving process.
The weft thread E passes through the end D³ of the weft rod or
needle D' (shewn clearly in Figures 3 and 4) then through the cyc 1,
over the wire 2, and again through the eye 1, thence through the guide
hole E³, Figure 4, and around the guide 3, Figure 1, to the spool or
bobbin E. This spool or bobbin E' is formed with a projecting flango
c, e, (Figure 7) which extends considerably beyond the spabo occupied
by the thread itself, so that the thread will readily reel off from the
spool or bobbin E' which need not revolve.
The shuttle S is moved backwards and forwards by the slide K,
operated by the pitman or connecting rod K', crank C", shaft C', gearing
C³, C³, shaft C³, and driving pulley C¹. The slide or shuttle carrier K
has a projecting arm K³ (Figure 3) which engages with the rear of the
shuttle and presses it forward, also an arm K³ (Figures 2 and 3) having
a lever K (Figure 2) the lower end of which is held in position by a
spring so as to operate against the front end of the shuttle and cause it
to move back.
When it is required to take the shuttle out of the race the lever K
may be turned up so as to admit of the removal of the shuttle.
The weft rod or needle D' is operated by the pitman or link D³, lever
D, and cam 0º, Figure 1. The end D³ of tho weft rod is provided with
an upward projection (as shewn in Figure 4) by means of which the
weft thread is held above the rod at the point where the shuttle passes
so as to ensure the point of the shuttle passing under the thread.
Motion is communicated to the reed M³, through the rocker shaft M'
(Figure 2) lever M, and cam L on the shaft C³ (Figure 2).

page_text: Motion is communicated to the harness frames N by means of the
rods N¹, levers N³, rods N³, bars R³, levers R', and rocking cams R.
The above system of harness frames and actuating devices may bo
varied in number to suit the style of work, each frame having a rocking
cam R to operate it. These rocking cams R are hung on the shaft N*
(Figures 2 and 5) and are free to oscillate on the same. This shaft N* is
caused to revolve by a worm gear N, N', (Figure 1) which receives
motion from the main shaft C. N' (Figure 5) and N³ are two cam
wheels, which are fastened to and revolve with the shaft N'. P is a
rocking frame swinging about. the shaft N', and to which motion is
imparted by the arm P', which is operated by the cam P' on the shaft C*,
so that when the arm P' is in motion the frame P is constantly vibrating
backwards and forwards. P' is a pawl attached to the frame P, and so
arranged as to come in contact with the rocking cam R, by which means
as the frame P vibrates this cam will be thrown forward, thus lifting
the arm R¹, and through the bar R² and the rods N' give motion to the
harness frame. The pawl Ps has a small pin P³ projecting from it and
extending over the periphery of the cam N', so that as the cam N
revolves the high parts of the same will come in contact with the pin
P³ and raise the pawl P² so as to cause it to escape the notch in the
cam R, whereby the harness frame to which it belongs will remain
stationary.
The frame Q, pawl Q', pin Q', and cam No, are arranged to operate on
another rocking cam similar to the cam R, for the purpose of operating
another harness frame or sets of frames. The number of these devices
for operating the harness frames will depend upon the character of the
work to be produced. By increasing the number and modifying the
arrangement of the rocking cams and pawls and parts connected there-
with a very large variety of patterns may be obtained.
The improved loom operates in the following manner :-The loom
having been put in motion the cam P' on the shaft C³ acts upon the
arm P¹, which by coming into contact with the frame P causes the latter
to rock, thereby forcing its pawl P³ against the rocking cam R, which
then also turns upon its centre, the motion of the rocking cam R is
transmitted through the intervention of the lever R¹, bar R³, rod N³,
lever N, and rod N' to one of the harness frames, by which means onc
set of harness is raised and a shed is formed in the warp. The cam C²

page_text: by acting then upon the lever D, and through it upon the link D' causes
the weft rod or needle D' to pass through the shed formed as herein-
before described, and the thread carried by the eye in the end D³ of the
weft rod or needle forms a loop on the opposite side of the web to that
from which such weft rod or needle started. At this moment tho t
connecting rod K', under the operation of the crank O on the shaft C',
moves the slide or shuttle carrier K forward, causing the arm K³ to act
upon the end of the shuttle S and force it through the loop produced by
the weft rod or needle, whereby the weft thread is locked or secured,
after which the weft rod or needle recedes under the action of the 1
cam C drawing up the thread. The weft rod or needle having regained
its normal position the cam L on the shaft C² comes into operation, and
by actuating the lever M and rocking shaft M' causes the reed M³ to
advance and beat up the double shoot. Simultaneously with this latter
operation the barness is changed by the action of the frame Q and pawl 1
Q, the shuttle S is driven back by means of the arm K³ and the lever
K, after which the reed returns to its normal position in readiness for
the operations being repeated, and the material is taken up and wound
upon its recl V³.
It should be observed that in ordinary plain weaving, when but two a
sets of harness are in use, it is not essential that the pawls should be
provided with projections. When, on the contrary, a greater number of
harness frames are being used and it is required to regulate the order or
succession in which the various frames aro liftod, pawls having projections
to be acted upon by the cam wheels N' and N° are employed. It is
therefore desirable to provide two sets of pawls (vidclicct, one set with
and the other set, without projections) and to fit the pawls to their
respective frames in such a manner as to admit of their being removed
and replaced by others, according to the character of work which is to
bo produced.
It is obvious that as in this system the weft thread is continuous, tho
strength of the fabric is greatly augmented, whilst at the same time, by
the fact of dispensing with the use of shuttles for carrying the weft, the
necessity for frequent stoppages for the purpose of removing an empty
shuttle and replacing it by a full one (as in the ordinary system) is
obviated, whereby increased rapidity in the manufacture is obtained.
The belt shipping device consists of a belt fork T³ (Figures 1, 2,
and 6) carried on a vertical shaft or rod T', which is bent at its upper

page_text: end so as to form a handle T. Upon the shaft or rod T there is fixed
a holding lever T", which is caught by a latch T (Figure 1). This
device is intended to retain the belt shipper, which has a constant
tendency to spring back and throw the belt on to the loose pulley O.
When the loom is in motion, and it is desired to throw the belt off and
thus stop the loom, it is simply necessary to push the latch T' out of
contact with the holding lever T° and the shipper will immediately fly
back and the motion of the machine will cease.
In Figures 1, 2, and 6 there is shewn an automatic device (which
forms part of this Invention) for throwing off the latch T' and thus
stopping the loom when from any cause the filling thread is not woven
into the warp. This device consists of a feeler lever T (see Figure 2)
the upper end of which rests upon the woven material. A hole is made
in the breast beam immediately under the point of this lever, which hole
is covered by the web so as to prevent the point of the lever from
entering the hole which it would otherwise do, being impelled by the
spring t. Now if the warp is unfilled and the machine continues to run,
the warp threads alone will not be sufficient to prevent the point of the
feeler lever T from falling into the hole in the breast beam. When this
takes place the opposite end T' of the lever rises, taking with it the
bent lever T², T³, (Figure 6) which is fastened to the rear of the latch T
(Figures 1 and 6). If this bent lever T, T³, is moved by the action of
the feeler lever T, T', so as to come opposite the rod K' (Figures 3 and 6)
then as the shuttle carrier K advances the rod K³ will strike against the
lever T (Figures 3 and 6) and push it outward, carrying with it tho
latch T (Figure 1), and thus release the shipper holder T", allowing the
belt to pass on to the loose pulley and the machine to stop. In lieu of
forming the rod K' on the slide or shuttle carrier K, such rod may
pivotted to the framing and so arranged that the reed in the act of
beating up the shoot will come in contact with the rod and bring it
within the range of the lever T.
be
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of
the said Invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used
or carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I
consider to be novel and original and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the hercin-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. The application and use of a weft rod or needle having a pro-

page_text: jection or boss operating, substantially as and for the purpose herein.
before described and as illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. The combination of the weft rod D', link D, and lever D,
with the cam 0³, substantially as and for the purpose herein-before
described and as illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly. In the device for throwing the shuttle, the lever Kº, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose herein-before described and as
illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.
Fourthly. The combination of the cams N', N', and the rockers R, with
the levers P, Q, and pawls P, Q, operating, substantially as and for
the purpose herein-before described and as illustrated by the accompany-
ing Drawings.
Fifthly. The combination of the feeler lever T, the bent lever Tº, T',
and latch T, with the rod K³, operating substantially as and for the
purpose herein-before described and as illustrated by the accompanying 1
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have to
this my Specification set my hand and scal, the Twentieth day of
January One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.