matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED MECHANICAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR STEERING SHIPS AND OTHER NAVIGABLE VESSELS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Augustus Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
May 1865.
I, WILLIAM AUGUSTUS BROWN, of Carliol Street, Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the
County of Northumberland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED MECHANICAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR STEERING SHIPS AND OTHER
NAVIGABLE VESSELS," to be as follows:-
The object and intention of this Invention is to so construct steering
machinery that the orders or commands of the captain of a ship can be more
readily and certainly obeyed than heretofore, and also to simplify the con-
struction of such machinery.
The following is an example of the means by which I propose to accomplish
the above objects. Suppose the steering wheel to be situated on a stage
amidships I fix on the axis of the said wheel a spur wheel which gears into
another spur wheel mounted immediately under the former spur wheel;..-
the bottom wheel aforesaid gears into a toothed rack mounted horizontally in
suitable guides; to each end of this rack I connect one end of a chain which
passes over pullies suitably placed along the gunwale of the ship, the other
end of the said chains are connected to a long arm or lever fixed on the
head of the rudder post. The outer end of this lever. I propose if desirable

page_text: to connect with a toothed quadrant to neutralize or lessen the tremulous or
vibratory motion of the rudder. I would also remark that although the
mechanism above described in connection with the steering wheel is single
action, I do not intend to limit myself to the use of two spur and one rack
aforesaid, but propose as a further security to use a second steering wheel
fixed on the opposite end of the axis of the former wheel, and to employ spur
wheels and a rack similar to those already described, thus forming a double-
action steering wheel which can be used by a man at each wheel, or if desired
one of the said wheels may be disconnected and the single action only be
brought into use. I also propose to adapt a stop to the rack bar aforesaid
to hold the rudder in a fixed position when it is required to back the ship.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS, AND IN METALLIC CARTRIDGE CASES FOR THE SAME
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Haseltine at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th June 1865.
-A communication from abroad by James Ingersoll Day, of the City,
County, and State of New York, United States of America.
I, GEORGE HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," No. 8, South-
ampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS, AND IN METALLIC CARTRIDGE CASES FOR THE SAME," a
communication, to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention relates to an improved mode of drawing the
cartridge case from the barrel after the discharge, and consists in the employ-
ment of a sliding bolt operated by a wedge cam fixed on the breech cap, said
sliding bolt being provided with a catch or projection to act against the
projecting rim on the end of the cartridge case, and working in a guide
attached to or formed on the breech end of the barrel. In the side of the
recess formed in the end of the barrel to receive the projecting rim of the
cartridge case an opening is made for the catch or projection on the end of
the sliding bolt to enter. When the breech cap is closed and the sliding bolt
is pressed into the guide the catch or projection on the end of said bolt
fits into the opening on the side of the recess and forms an even surface to
receive the projecting rim on the end of the cartridge case. When 'it is
desired to withdraw the cartridge case the breech cap is opened, causing the.

page_text: cam fixed thereon to force out the sliding bolt, and this sliding bolt by means
of the catch or projection on the end thereof draws out the cartridge case.
The second part of my Invention consists in making that portion of the
barrel holding the cartridge case of varying diameter, and this variation of
diameter is preferably obtained by a taper or gradual increase from the inner
to the outer end of said portion of the barrel.
The third part of my Invention relates to the means employed for obtaining
greater certainty in exploding self-igniting cartridges, and consists in causing
the piston to strike the cartridge case in two or more points; this is accom-
plished by making the ends of the piston forked or divided, each division
being arranged to strike the part of the cartridge case covering the fulminate.
The fourth part of my Invention consists in making the cartridge cases of
varying diameter to facilitate their insertion and removal from the barrel. A
portion of the length of the cartridge case nearest the end struck by the piston
is made larger than the other portion, so that when the said case is drawn
partly out of the barrel by means of the sliding bolt the small end of the case
only remaining in the barrel is easily withdrawn.
AN IMPROVED SAFETY STIRRUP FOR LADIES AND GENTLEMEN'S RIDING SADDLES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Hudson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th May 1865.
I, SAMUEL HUDSON, of No. 65, Dawson Street, in the City of Dublin,
Saddler and Harness Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED SAFETY STIRRUP FOR LADIES AND GENTLEMEN'S
RIDING SADDLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a stirrup so constructed that when the pressure
of the foot is removed from the sole or under plate a slight pull outwards on
one of the legs or sides of the stirrup will cause the leg or side of the stirrup
to separate from the instep or top of the arch, and the leg when separated
being binged at the lower end where it joins the foot plate is free to turn
upside down so as completely to release the foot of the rider. To the end of
this moveable side or leg of the stirrup there is attached at right angles a thin
plate of steel which extends across the sole, the pressure of the foot in which,
whilst in use, keeps the leg or side of the stirrup in its proper vertical position.
This position of the leg or side of the stirrup is further secured by a spring
(attached to the side of the sole furthest from the hinge), the end of which
acts upon the end of the side or leg of the stirrup, which is nearly circular,
except at the end or joint of the leg or side where it is a little flattened. The
strength of the arch or instep in connexion with the legs or sides of the stirrup
is secured by a pivot or pin attached to the inner part of the joining between
the arch and the leg or side, which pin passes from the arch through the leg

page_text: or side, and helps to bear or support the weight in the sole. To allow the
side of the stirrup to turn upside down so as to completely disengage the foot,
the end of the spring is allowed to pass through an aperture made in the
middle of the leg for that purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TUBULAR STRUCTURES, RENDERING THEM SPECIALLY APPLICABLE POR SHIPS' MASTS AND BUILDING PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Deane at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd July
1865.
I, EDWARD DRANE, of the City of London, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TUBULAR STRUCTURES,
RENDERING THEM SPECIALLY APPLICABLE POR SHIPS' MASTS AND BUILDING
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing tubular structures in such manner
as to render them decidedly useful for the purposes of masts of ships and
vessels, lighthouses, towers of observation, shafts for ventilation, passage for
smoke, hoist shaft, and other purposes to which buildings of such like character,
may or can be usefully applied, also for hoists used in erecting buildings. The
construction referred to is this:-I form a tube, in the centre of which I have
an upright rod or core, which becomes the axis from which a radiating stay
or radiating stays proceed so as to secure inviolable strength to the structure;
and this core instead of being a rod or solid standard might itself be a tube,
and instead of a core or rod, I could, if thought desirable, have a number of
smaller upright tubes within the outer upright tube; and this arrangement
could be combined with the core and stay or stays before mentioned, in which
case a structure of immense strength would be obtained. At the present time,
according to the trials and tests I have used the mode of construction that I
prefer to adopt is this:-I have three upright stay plates (or I have a number
of boiler plates fastened together so as to form in effect one plate, and use

page_text: three plates thus constituted or, constructed). One of these three upright
plates occupies the whole diameter of the tube, and projects slightly beyond it
for the purpose herein-after described. The other two upright plates make
each a semi-diameter, and are secured to the first-named plate at right angles;
all these plates being fastened together by angle plates and bolts or rivets, by
which means a strong centre or core is secured. The outer part of the tube
is composed of four segmental pieces, which have flanges, having the projecting
parts of the upright stay plates tightly secured between them by means of bolts
or rivets through all of them. It is obvious that instead of three stay plates,
four, five, seven, or other convenient number might be adopted. In con-
structing these structures I prefer to use good steel although iron or other
hard metal may be used.
When my Invention is adopted in ships of war it will be desirable to have
inside the tubular structure step pieces so that men may mount up inside, and
also to provide loop holes for the use of sharpshooters or otherwise.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MEANS OF ORNAMENTING LINEN CUFFS AND COLLARS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Debnam at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th April
1865.
I, JOSEPH DEBNAM, of Tuffnell Place, Essex Road, Islington, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MEANS OF ORNAMENTING LINEN CUFFS AND COLLARS," to be as
follows:-
In the manufacture of linen cuffs and collars it has been usual to ornament
them by the application of printed designs produced in the piece in machines,
such as calico printing machines, such designs being cut from the piece and
applied by sewing or otherwise to the linen collar, the design depending in
some measure on the arrangement produced in the sewing; for instance, the
printing consists mostly of straight colored lines, a narrow strip of which,
comprising one, two, or more lines, is applied to the collar in such manner as
to form an ornamental design. Now my Invention consists in printing the
designs at once on to the collar by the application of lithography. I produce
any kind of design on a printing stone, from which I print in an ordinary
lithographic press, using for the purpose the same coloring matters and
mordants as are now used in printing similar designs for application to cuffs
and collars as aforesaid. I print designs by the lithographic process on all the
fabrics used for what are termed linen cuffs and collars, that is to say, on linen,
cambric, lawn, and cotton goods. Such cuffs and collars instead of being sewn

page_text: and stitched around the edge as usual may be pasted or otherwise secured
on to a foundation of paper or other material, and stabbed in imitation of
stitching as well understood in paper collars; but I prefer the sewing and
stitching on a linen foundation as at present adopted in the best goods.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING AND PRESSING BRICKS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles William Homer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
February 1865.
I, CHARLES WILLIAM HOMER, of Dukinfield, in the County of Chester,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING AND PRESSING BRICKS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of certain improved combinations of machinery for
making and pressing bricks in moulds formed in revolving mould plates. The
clay or brick earth in a pulverised or plastic state is put into a hopper or pug
mill placed over and between the two mould plates which receive an intermittent
rotary motion by catches on a reciprocating bar or other suitable mechanism.
At the lower end of the hopper or pug mill is a plate with diagonal blades,
which revolves in the same or in the contrary direction as the blades of the
pug mill, these diagonal blades press the clay into the moulds which are pro-
vided with plungers, these plungers are forced upwards by a toggle joint or
wedge acted upon by an eccentric or crank to compress the clay against a top
plate which is weighted to the desired extent by a lever and sliding weight.
When the brick has been formed and pressed in the mould the plunger is
raised by an incline to lift the brick out of the mould ready to be removed
from the machine.
My Invention may be modified by placing the pug mill horizontally; in this
arrangement a set of wings revolving in the contrary direction to the blades
of the pug mill are employed to press the clay into the moulds of the mould

page_text: plate, the pressure is given from above by a cam acting on a plunger. The
intermittent rotary motion is given to the mould plate by a catch connected
to a rack which is moved to and fro by a crank pin on a driving wheel, and
the pinion driven by the rack is connected to the shaft for pressing the brick
and discharging it from the mould and for lubricating the mould, by a friction
plate with catches taking into a ratchet wheel to prevent the return motion of
the rack from giving a retrograde motion to the shaft of the rack pinion and
to the shaft of the cams for pressing, discharging, and lubricating.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOATING DRY DOCKS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edwin Clark, of Great George Street, in the City of
Westminster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOATING
DRY DOCKS."
Sealed the 6th March 1866, and dated the 19th September 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edwin Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th September
1865.
I, EDWIN CLARK, of Great George Street, in the City of Westminster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FLOATING DRY DOCKS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a modification of the platform or gridiron described
in my Patent of Jan 19th, 1857, (No. 159,) and in the pontoons or saucers
used in connection therewith.
In place of using separate and independent girders for supporting the plat-
form or pontoon or saucer which is situate (as described in my former Patent)
between two lines of columns, constituting my patented arrangement of
hydraulic presses, I combine both the girders and platform into a strongly
framed rigid platform, on which vessels may be directly raised by the hydraulio
presses with or without the use of a separate pontoon. I further extend

page_text: the girders of this platform (which run transversely) beyond the lines of
columns, and thus obtain great length of base, on which I erect iron
frames to the height necessary to allow of placing horizontal or inclined
shores from them to the vessel. To these frames I attach iron frames or
blocks having vertical and horizontal faces which form steps or, altars for
the shores, similar to those used in ordinary stone dry docks. I also further
propose to enclose-the above described-rigid platform with plates, and to con-
vert the same into a. water-tight pontoon, so that when it is raised out of the
water with the vessel blocked upon it, and emptied either by means of valves
in the bottom, as described in my former Patent, or by pumps provided for
that purpose, it may be capable of wholly or partly supporting the vessel, thus
relieving the presses of the whole or the greater part of the weight of the load
they have raised. I propose to use the above system of framed steps or altars
not only in conjunction with the floating rigid platform, as above described,
but also upon my ordinary pontoons as at present in use.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN FORGES AND IN APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING PARTS THEREOF, WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR LUBRICATING OTHER MOVING PARTS OF MACHINERY
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
November 1865. A communication from abroad by Claude Henri
Turge, senior, of Lyons, France.
-
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 23, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN FORGES AND IN APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING PARTS THEREOF,
WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR LUBRICATING OTHER MOVING PARTS
OF MACHINERY," (a communication to me from abroad by Claude Henri
Turge, senior, of Lyons, France,) to be as follows:-
It is proposed to drive the fan of fixed or portable forges by means of two
wheels, more or less conical, without teeth, with smooth surface straight or
convex, and actuating each other by means of adhesion or friction due either
to weight or to an artificial pressure. The conical wheels receive motion
direct from a straight shaft upon which the main conical wheel is carried, and
when the adhesion is obtained by spring power the spring composed of three
steel blades superposed is placed so as to bear against the lower end of the
straight shaft, and thus cause the main wheel to press more or less closely
against the other conical wheel or roller which is on the fan shaft. The
pressure of the spring may be regulated by tightening or loosening a nut.
By this arrangement toothed gearing, driving belts, or endless screws are
dispensed with, and a better and more regular blast obtained.

page_text: It is further proposed to lubricate the fan shaft by placing above its bearings
a grease box in communication with the shaft by a rectangular opening. Into
this box is introduced tallow and wax, made in the form of a candle; this will
by its own weight come against the fan shaft, which in turning will grease
itself with great regularity. This method of lubrication may also be applied
to lubricate other moving parts of machinery.
Lastly, it is proposed to place in each bearing of the fan shaft an adjusting
stop screw, which by bearing against the ends of the shaft will keep the fan
always at the same distance from the sides of its drum or case.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF COMBINING AND FORMING SMALL COAL OR COAL DUST INTO LUMPS, BLOCKS, OR OTHERWISE, TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THE PURPOSES OF FUEL
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry George Fairburn, of St. Luke's, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MODE OF
COMBINING AND FORMING SMALL COAL OR COAL DUST INTO LUMPS, BLOCKS, OR
OTHERWISE, TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THE PURPOSES OF FUEL."
Sealed the 22nd December 1865, and dated the 28th June 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry George Fairburn
at the Office of the Commisioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th June 1865.
I, HENRY GEORGE FAIRBURN, of St. Luke's, in the County of Middlesex,.
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IN-.
PROVED MODE OF COMBINING AND FORMING SMALL COAL OR COAL DUST INTO LUMPS,
BLOCKS, OR OTHERWISE, TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THE PURPOSES OF FUEL," to be as
follows (that is to say):-
My Invention has reference to an improved mode of combining and forming
small coal or coal dust into lumps, blocks, or otherwise, to be employed for
the purposes of fuel, whereby the same may be more advantageously stowed

page_text: or packed away at less cost and inconvenience than by the method at present
in use, and consists in subjecting the said coal to the action and heat of
surcharged or superheated steam under pressure within moulds or dies for the
purpose of solidifying the same; the said heat of the surcharged steam being
employed for softening the bituminous particles of the coal, causing them to
cohere, in lieu of tar or other foreign adherent matters, at the same time
without disturbing or decomposing the carbonaceous properties thereof,
employing for the moulding or manufacturing of the same into blocks, masses,
or otherwise, my improved machinery mentioned and referred to in a former
Patent granted to me on the Fourteenth day of June, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-five, No. 1606.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM APPLICABLE TO FRAME FILLING MACHINES FOR WOODEN MATCHES, VESTAS, AND VESUVIANS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Joseph Simlick at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th April 1865.
I, HENRY JOSEPH SIMLICK, of Bow, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM
APPLICABLE TO FRAME FILLING MACHINES FOR WOODEN MATCHES, VESTAS, AND
VESUVIANS," to be as follows:-
My Invention is for the introduction of self-acting machinery, to be driven
by steam or hand power, to produce the various motions of the ordinary
frame filling machine, whereby the splints are placed in the grooves and
pushed into the frame, and whereby the frame is lowered and another frame
board allowed to descend. By the introduction of my machinery greater
economy, rapidity, and accuracy are attained. On the main shaft, which is
driven by either hand or steam power, and is placed either at the back of the
frame or in any other convenient position, I have a revolving cam wheel so
keyed and of such a throw as to push forward the splints the required distance
into the frame at the proper moment. On the end of the main shaft I have-
a mitre wheel giving motion to another shaft at right angles thereto, on which
is either an excentric or a crank, whereby the proper motion is given to the-
box containing the splints. These two movements are so regulated as to take
place alternately. Each frame board on being filled is lowered by means of
rack and pinion at each end of the frame, the same being worked by a.
ball put in action by an excentric or cam on the transverse shaft which works
he splint box. By the same or a separate motion, if required, a frame

page_text: board is allowed to drop on to the one previously filled; the frame is thus
filled and gradually lowered about one tooth in the rack each time till the
whole frame is complete.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SUBMARINE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH CABLES, AND IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE AND SUBMERGENCE THEREOF
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Wells and Walter Hall
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
15th November 1865.
We, ARTHUR WELLS and WALTER HALL, of Southwark, in the County of
Surrey, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SUBMARINE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH CABLES, AND IN
MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE AND SUBMERGENCE THEREOF," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention consists in relieving the conducting wire or wires of tensile
strain by combining with it or them one or more iron or steel ropes covered
or not with hemp or other fibre saturated or coated with pitch, tar, asphalte,
or other like protecting material, as hereafter explained.
We take one or more insulated telegraph conductors and pass it or them.
together with one or more iron or steel ropes as above named through machinery
consisting of revolving heads carrying one or more bobbins charged with hemp
or other fibre or binding agent. Each head is independent of the other, and
is capable of being thrown in and out of gear with a shaft or drum made to
revolve by the revolution of the stern wheel, over which the cable passes into
the water; the friction of the cable itself produces the rotation of the wheel
and of the heads. The heads in revolving wrap the hemp around the insu-

page_text: lated conductor or conductors, and round the wire or steel rope or ropes.
As soon as the bemp is wound off any of the bobbins the head carrying that
bobbin is put out of gear, and the empty bobbin is replaced by a full one.
Another head is put into gear before the binding material is run off that
bobbin, so that the wrapping is continuous. By this means the paying out of
the cable need never be interrupted.
We do not limit ourselves to causing the rotation of the drum driving the
heads by means of the stern wheel, as in some cases we use an engine or other
agent to drive the drum.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BEARINGS FOR GENERAL MECHANICAL PURPOSES, AND THE APPLICATION OF FLUID METALLIC IN LIEU OF OLEAGINOUS OR OTHER LUBRICANTS TO PREVENT FRICTION
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick George Mulholland and
Thomas Dugard at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 18th January 1865.
We, FREDERICK GEORGE MULHOLLAND, of No. 17, Swan Street, Dover
Road, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, and THOMAS DUGARD, of No. 10,
North Grove, Mildmay Park, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BEARINGS FOR GENERAL MECHANICAL PURPOSES, AND THE APPLICATION OF FLUID
METALLIC IN LIEU OF OLEAGINOUS OR OTHER LUBRICANTS TO PREVENT FRICTION,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention comprises and includes various modified arrangements for
the prevention of heat to both horizontal and vertical bearings of every kind,
character, and description. To attain this desirable object we employ spherical
or cylindrical bodies working and confined in chambers of various shapes and
forms (to suit the requirements of the particular application desired) and
either wholly or partially immerse the said bodies in mercury so that they
while rotating or travelling are constantly surfacing themselves by being in
contact with the fluid metal and thereby rendering unnecessary the use or
application of any other lubricating material.
AN IMPROVED WINDOW BLIND CORD CHECK
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elton Templemore at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd January
1865.
I, ELTON TEMPLEMORE, of Dover, in the County of Kent, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "AN IMPROVED
WINDOW BLIND CORD CHECK," to be as follows, that is to say:-
The object of my Invention is to construct an improved window blind cord
check to take the place of the ordinary rack and pulley.
The Invention consists of a brass or other ring, to which is secured one
end of a piece of strong elastic, or elastic tape, the other end being secured to
a brass button or clip which is fastened by a nail or screw to the window
frame; through the said brass ring passes the blind cord, which may be tied
with a knot instead of the usual trouble of sewing; the elastic allows for
expansion and contraction, and thus avoids the breakage of the cords that so
often occurs, and as so great a strain is not required as with the ordinary rack
and pulley, the wear and tear of the blind roller and brackets is much lessened.
Now, by holding the ring and stretching the elastic upwards, the blind cord
will be slackened, and the blind can be readily lowered by its own weight.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS AND FANS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Rigg at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th September
1865.
I, ARTHUR RIGG, junior, of the City of Chester, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS AND
FANS," to be as follows:-
When water, air, or other fluid leaves the blades of centrifugal pumps or fans
it assumes a rotation with its forward motion. My improvement consists in
fixing vanes in such a manner as to lead the water or air striking against
them into its ultimate required direction. By this means the force of rotation
is converted into additional forward motion, and not destroyed or lost as in
the ordinary pumps or fans. This addition will in the case of screw fans or
pumps resemble another screw fixed bebind the rotating blades and with
reversed blades and in the common fan or pump the guides will be fixed
around the disc and most conveniently attached to the casing.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES, AND IN THE SPRINGS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Edwards Wilson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th January 1865.
I, JAMES EDWARDS WILSON, of Grasmere, Torquay, in the County of Devon,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES, AND IN THE SPRINGS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES,'
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in locomotive engines, and
in the springs of railway carriages.
In constructing a locomotive engine according to this Invention, it is pre-
ferred to employ four pairs of wheels each with an outside crank pin which
arc coupled together, and also to two crank pins on cranks at the end of a
central crank shaft which is driven by two steam engines situated between the
side framings. In order that locomotive engines may, notwithstanding their
length, pass freely round curves, the forward and hinder axle boxes have a
short play between their horns, so that the forward and hinder axle can move
endways with their boxes a short distance. In coupling the wheels together
the crank pins or journals for the coupling rods are made spherical in order
to allow for the endway motion of the axles when passing round a curve,
a slight play is also allowed between the cranks on the driving shaft and the
connecting rods.
In constructing springs for railway carriages in order to render them more
suitable for varying loads, flat straight bars by preference of tempered steel, are

page_text: used, and they are so arranged that when there is a light load in the carriage,
.only part of the elastic bars come into action, and consequently present the
desired elasticity, more and more of the elastic bars coming into action to
support the load as it becomes greater and greater. Between the succeeding
bars constituting the complete spring, and near the ends thereof are blocks
having between them and the next elastic bars spaces sufficient for the elastic
play of the bars which receive and support the load, but as the weight of the
load becomes greater and greater, the first bars which receive the load come in
contact with the blocks between them and the next elastic bars, and are
supported thereby and by the elastic bars by which the blocks are supported,
and so on till all the elastic bars come into action.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REVIVIFYING, DEODORIZING, AND CALCINING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE CHARCOAL AND OTHER MATTERS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cormack at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th December
1865.
1, WILLIAM CORMACK, of Commercial Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Practical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REVIVIFYING, DEODORIZING, AND CALCINING ANIMAL AND
VEGETABLE CHARCOAL AND OTHER MATTERS," to be as follows:-
Firstly, in revivifying and deodorizing animal and vegetable charcoal or
other matters I introduce a jet, stream, or current of superheated atmospheric
air or steam, singly or combined, into the retorts, ovens, or other vessels con-
taining the matter to be operated upon, by which means I am enabled to
revivify and deodorize animal or vegetable charcoal at a black heat instead of
at a red one as at present employed.
Secondly, in calcining animal and vegetable charcoal or other matters to be
calcined, in addition to the external heat now used I introduce superheated
steam at a temperature of not less than 650° Fahrenheit into the ovens or
other vessels containing the materials to be operated upon, by which I am
enabled to calcine a larger quantity of charcoal or other material and in a
shorter space of time than has hitherto been accomplished.
In- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HEALDS FOR LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Thomas Hothersall,
Samuel Cook, and William Henry Hacking at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 25th November
1865.
We, RICHARD THOMAS HOTHERSALL, of Darwen, Heald Knitter, and SAMUEL
Cook, and WILLIAM HENRY HACKING, of Bury, Machinists, all in the County
of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HEALDS FOR LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in applying to heald-knitting machines of any
construction a self-acting registering and a tokening or marking motions in
combination in order to supersede hand labor, the motions being so con-
structed as to be capable of change in order to mark or token the healds
according to the counts required. To accomplish this object we employ a fly
wheel or cam, the periphery of one half of it being greater than that of the
other half fixed on the change wheel shaft. By means of this irregularity in
the circumference a lever is actuated every half revolution of the fly wheel.
This lever is connected to another lover, which is capable of being lengthened
or shortened according to the change wheel used, and this second lever is con-
nected with a bell-crank lever. The bell-crank lever has a needle holder
and needle fitted at one extremity, and through the eye of the needle the
tokening band or thread is passed, which at every semi-revolution of the fly
wheel by means of the traiu of levers is passed alternately to each side of the

page_text: heald being then knit, and thus tokens the heald the same as is now done by
hand. The registering motion is for the purpose of indicating the number of
tokens manufactured, and consists of a ratchet wheel, each tooth of which is
numbered. This is actuated by pawls on the levers in connection with the
cam or fly wheel, and is moved round one tooth for every token knit, thereby
indicating the number of tokens made, and obviating the necessity and loss of
time occasioned by the knitter having to count the work done.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN CIRCULAR KNITTING MACHINES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Attenborough, Samuel
Mellor, and George Blackburn at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 20th May 1865.
We, EDWIN ATTENBOROUGH, SAMUEL MELLOR, and GEORGE BLACKBURN, all
of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham, General Mechanists,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN CIRCULAR KNITTING MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
Our improvements consist in placing on the lower part of a stem or pipe
(hereafter called pipe only) of the head of a circular machine a toothed wheel
which gears into a similar wheel on a main driving shaft. The wheel on the
pipe of the head has a recess on the inside, which recess contains a spring,
this spring presses upon the pipe with a force sufficient to carry the head
round when the toothed wheel is driven round by the main shaft. The
pressure of this spring may be adjusted as required by turning a screw, the
head of which projects beyond the pipe outwardly. Above the wheel and
spring is a grooved pulley keyed fast on the pipe of the head; in this groove
on any convenient part of its circumference is placed a wedge piece corres-
ponding to the shape of the groove in the pulley; this wedge piece is free
to turn on an axle secured to the framing of the machine. The wedge.
portion has a screw passed through it, by means of which the pressure of the

page_text: wedge in the groove may be regulated to the greatest nicety, and projecting
from the side of the pipe of the wedge piece is a stud which takes into a hole
in one end of a piece of metal, which said hole is slotted through one side of
the piece. Under this hole and at right angles thereto is another hole, through
which is passed a looped or hooked wire, under which the thread to be supplied
to the machine is placed, and in the piece below the wire is another hole, in
which is placed an axle standing at right angles to the axle of the wedge
piece. The piece carrying the wire and receiving the stud before mentioned
is so nicely balanced that when the thread is broken or the cop becomes
empty, and the end of the thread is worked up, the wire falls and depresses
the upper end of the piece, carrying the wedge piece partly round, and effectually
wedges fast the head of the machine until the wedge is withdrawn and the
thread is replaced.
Our improvements are applicable to all descriptions of circular headed
machinery
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Unwin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th September
1865.
I, WILLIAM UNWIN, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON," to be as follows:-
My Invention of "Improvements in the Manufacture of Iron" consists in
the introduction into the mass of pig iron when fused in the puddling furnace
of a mixture composed of the following ingredients, in or about the following
proportions, that is to say, to about every four hundred and eighty pounds
weight of pig iron, the proportions of two pounds weight of, wood charcoal,
two pounds weight of black oxide of manganese, one and a quarter ounces of
pure sulphate of baryta, and one ounce of calcined blood, all which ingre-
dients are to be pulverized and mixed together, and applied and thrown into
the puddling furnace in two or three parts at intervals by the puddler or
workman so soon as the iron is fused, so that the ingredients may be well
worked into the iron by the puddler with an ordinary puddler's bar, until the
iron is sufficiently puddled for being drawn out of the furnace.
I claim the use of black oxide of manganese in combination with all or
any of the aforesaid ingredients of wood charcoal, sulphate of baryta, and

page_text: calciued blood in the manufacture of iron in the manner aforesaid; but I do
not claim the use of wood charcoal, sulphate of baryta, and calcined blood
combined, or any of them alone, nor the use of black oxide of manganese alone,
as any part of my Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLINGS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES, WAGGONS, TRUCKS, AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Dadley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th April
1865.
I, JOSIAH DADLEY, of Coventry, in the County of Warwick, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLINGS
FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES, WAGGONS, TRUCKS, AND OTHER VEHICLES," to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is to cause the carriages, waggons, or trucks to
unite and fasten themselves in the process of making up the train so as to
prevent the danger arising to porters or attendants from going in between
the carriages, waggons, or trucks to connect them.
My improved coupling consists of a hook and eye, one of each being
attached to each end of the carriage, waggon, or truck. The eye, which is
composed of iron or steel, is made to rise and fall back by means of a hinge
when not in use, so as to prevent the carriages or waggons from uniting when
not desired. The hook, which is composed of the same material as the eye, is
made with the sloping point turned down at the extremity so as to catch the
eye when let down when the carriages are desired to be united, the eye sliding
up the hook and falling into the recess. Lest the distance between the
carriages, waggons, or trucks should not in every case be exactly the same, so

page_text: that the eyes might not fall into the hooks, and in order to screw up the
carriages, waggons, or trucks after the coupling is effected, I make the hook
to screw out or in by means of a star nut, which may be clamped by means
of a pall or otherwise.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Ramsden. Shaw at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
August 1865.
I, THOMAS RAMSDEN SHAW, of Pendleton, in the County of Lancaster,
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
My improvements are designed for the purpose of diminishing the force of
the concussion of the shuttle against the picker as employed in the ordinary
power loom during the operation of weaving.
The improvements consist in the novel employment and use of a flat piece
or strap of metal applied to the shuttle box, and so formed or constructed that
its opposite ends embrace the picker, the outside end thereof forming a
stop or barrier for the lower or propelling portion or "leg" of the picker, the
other end being so formed that the picker shall be impelled against it, and
thereby cause the said strip of metal to slide in the opposite direction when
the shuttle is leaving the box, the back end against which the "leg" of the
picker bears shall slide or move in the shuttle box, whilst its centre or portion
between the ends slides in a recess or box secured to the back of the shuttle
box. Within this recess a spring is so arranged as to exert an increased or
diminished pressure (by means of a set screw) against the aforesaid metallic
strap or bar of metal, so as to regulate the amount of movement or "slip "
required by the sliding check or stop; by which novel application and adap-

page_text: tation of the spring and set screw the blow of the shuttle against the picker
may be diminished at each "pick" without any sudden concussion, whereby
the picker becomes more durable, and also the check straps now in use are
dispensed with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED WHEN BOILING MILK
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Kent and William Hay--
ward West at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd June 1865.
We, GEORGE KENT, of High Holborn, and WILLIAM HAYWOOD WEST, of
Orange Street, Red Lion Square, Holborn, both in the County of Middlesex,..
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS USED WHEN BOILING MILK," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus used when
boiling milk. It is well known that when boiling milk in a saucepan or‍
other suitable vessel the milk is very liable to boil over. Now this Invention
consists in applying to vessels in which milk is boiled, apparatus so con--
structed that the milk shall be caused to flow up the interior of the apparatus
over the top thereof and descend down the outside, by which the milk will be
prevented boiling over the vessel in which it is boiled. The apparatus is of a
conical shape, and by preference the exterior and interior are each somewhat
of a curved form from top to bottom, and are not composed of straight lines.
from top to bottom as is the case with a true cone, but the form or vertical
section of the apparatus may be somewhat varied. The height of the conical
apparatus is greater than the depth of the vessel in which it is used. The
lower part or base of the conical apparatus is formed with a series of passages
of a semicircular or other suitable shape. The conical apparatus may be
made of various materials, but it is preferred to be of glazed earthenware or
china. When using apparatus such as above described it should be placed in

page_text: a vessel, the diameter of which is only slightly larger than the diameter of the
base or bottom of the conical apparatus. The effect of such apparatus is that
on applying heat to the bottom of the vessel the milk rises up the interior of
the apparatus, and falls over the top thereof back into the vessel, and the
boiling over of the milk from the vessel is prevented.
AN IMPROVED SASH FASTENING FOR WINDOWS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Parsons at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st November
1865.
I, WILLIAM PARSONS, of Toronto Terrace, Brighton, in the County of
Sussex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
SASH FASTENING FOR WINDOWS," to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed for preventing the opening of window sashes by
forcing back the fastening thereof by means of a knife or other similar instru-
ment as commonly practised by housebreakers.
The means by which I propose according to this Invention to obviate the
possibility of pushing back the fastening employed to hold the top and bottom
sashes of a window together are as follows, that is to say:-I employ a
fastening somewhat similar to that at present in known and common use,
namely, a piece of metal acting as a lever, the same being fixed horizontally
by a pin or fulcrum to a flat piece of brass, to which a steel spring is affixed
for assisting in keeping the said lever or fastening secure when in use, and
to prevent the said lever from being easily pushed back or off the front sash
of the window by introducing a knife or other similar instrument between the
meeting rails of the two sashes as commonly practised. I propose therefore
as a positive security against the pushing back of the aforesaid lever or
fastening to employ a thin flat piece of metal which shall operate as a sliding
bolt, the said bolt being placed inmediately underneath the aforesaid lever
and between it and the plate to which the said lever is affixed. This said

page_text: bolt works between suitable guide pieces for holding the same firmly sideways,
and there are slots formed in the said bolt at right angles or nearly so to each
other; one of the said slots embraces the pin or fulcrum of the lever and in
the other slot a pin takes, the said pin being fixed to the under side of
the aforesaid lever at a short distance from the fulcrum thereof, so that as the
said lever is pulled forward to fasten the sashes or pushed back to unfasten
them, in like manner the aforesaid bolt will be pushed forward and pulled
back by the action thereon of the pin in the lever as above stated. In other
words, as the said lever is pulled out the aforesaid bolt will be slidden under-
neath it, the front part thereof resting upon the top edge of the front sash, and
the said bolt being formed wider than the lever it will appear evident that
any attempt to push back the said lever by means of a knife or other similar
instrument would be fruitless, since the instrument would only press against
the side of the bolt which requires to be drawn back before the window could
be opened, thereby affording perfect security. against the opening of windows
by instruments inserted between the meeting rails of window sashes as above
stated.