AN IMPROVED RUDDER
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Lumley, of Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Auctioneer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED RUDDER."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Lumley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th.
April 1862.
I, HENRY LUMLEY, of Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Auc-
tioneer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
RUDDER," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is the construction of an improved rudder. For
this purpose I construct the rudder in two moveable portions, connected
together edgewise, the outer portion, which I call the "tail," being at the
outer end of the inner portion, which I call the "body." The two portions
are hinged, jointed, or articulated together, so that when the "body" or inner"
portion is moved, turned, or worked to steer the ship or vessel, the "tail" or
outer portion also turns or works at the end of the "body" or inner portion,
and assumes various angles with respect thereto.
The mode which I sometimes prefer to adopt for guiding or controlling the
"tail" is by means of two chains or ropes passing through oblique slots or
orifices in the "body or inner portion, each chain or rope being attached at
one end to a fixed point on the stern post or hull, and at the other to a fixed'
point on the "tail." The travel of the "tail" may be limited by suitably;
placed flanges, stops, or abutments in some instances.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Lumley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th October 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
LUMLEY, of Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Auctioneer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Henry Lumley, Her special licence that I, the said Henry Lumley, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry
Lumley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED RUDDER," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry Lumley, my executors.
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Lumley, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to
the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
The object of my Invention is the construction of an improved rudder. For
this purpose I construct a rudder in two moveable portions, connected
together edgewise, the outer or further portion, which I call the "tail," being at
the outer end of the inner or bither portion, which I call the "body." The
two portions are hinged, jointed, or articulated together, so that when the
body is moved, turned, or worked to steer the ship or vessel, the tail also turns
or works at the end of the body, and assumes various angles with respect
thereto.
The mode which I adopt for guiding or controlling the "tail" of my
improved rudder is herein-after explained.

page_text: Having thus set forth the nature of my Invention, proceed more par-
ticularly to describe the best means known to me for carrying the same into
effect with reference to the accompanying Drawings.
Figures 1 and 2 are elevations showing opposite sides of a rudder con-
structed according to my Invention. A, B, is my improved rudder; it'
consists of two portions A and B, whereof A is the inner or hither portion, or
portion nearer to the stern of the vessel, and B is the outer portion, or portion
farther from the stern. The part A, I call the "body;" the part B, I call the
"tail." C is the stern post, to which the portion A is connected by pintles and
gudgeons a, a, or any other means of hanging rudders to stern posts; b, b, are
pintles and gudgeons or similar contrivances which connect or hang the tail
B to the body A, and allow the tail to turn or work at the end of the body
when the latter is actuated.
I guide or control the "tail" of my improved rudder by means of two
chains or ropes passing through oblique slots or orifices in the "body" portion
of the rudder, each chain or rope being attached at one end to a fixed point on
the stern post or hull of the vessel, and at the other end to a fixed point on
the tail." The travel of the "tail" may be limited by flanges, stops, or abut-
ments. D', D, are the chains for controlling the action of the tail; each chain is
fastened at one end to a fixed point on the stern post or hull of the vessel, and
after being carried through the body A, is attached at its other end to the tail
B, near the outer edge thereof, at the opposite side of such tail to that at
which it is fastened to the stern post or hull; thus supposing the inner end of
one chain attached to the starboard side of the stern post or hull, the outer
end would be connected to the port side of the tail, and vice versa. The two
chains are fastened on opposite sides of the stern post or hull, and therefore
on opposite sides of the tail. d', Figure 1, and d², Figure 2, are the fixed
points to which the ends of the chain D' are attached; a³, Figure 2, and d',
Figure 1, are the fixed points to which the ends of the chain D2 are attached.
Instead of two chains, four or other even number of chains may be used when
the strength of the rudder requires it or its size renders it convenient; one-
half of the number being fastened in similar manner to D', and the other half
in similar manner to D2. In Figure 3, four chains D1, D2, D3, D', are shown;
D³ is fastened in similar manner to D', and D' in similar manner to D³, (D',
D³, being fastened as explained in Figures 1 and 2). Instead of chains, ropes
may be used, or metal bars combined with chains or ropes; e¹, e², are slots or
orifices in the body A, through which the chains D1, D2, pass; these orifices are
cut through the body in a diagonal direction, or obliquely to the vertical planes
of its sides, as shewn in the horizontal sections taken through these orifices,

page_text: Figures 4 and 5. Four such orifices are shewn in Fig. 3, el, e, e³, e. The
órifices are protected by metal linings; f, f, are grooved friction rollers or pul-
leys, which may be fitted in the slots e', e, e, e', for the chains to travel over;
9, 9, are rubbing plates, to protect the rudder from the friction of the chains;
they may be grooved for the chains to work in, or friction pulleys may be substi-
tuted therefor. When the rudder is of thin material it may be desirable to have
thick rubbing plates on the stern post to increase the power of the chains. If
the form of the contiguous edges of the tail and body does not act as a suffi-
cient stop to the tail, stops, abutments, or flanges may be fixed to the body for
that purpose. The portion A is worked in the manner usual for working
rudders, and when it turns or moves so as to take various angles to the fore
and aft line of the vessel as usual with rudders, the part B will turn or move
at the end of the body A, taking various angles to the plane of the said
body A. The rudder thus folding presents a recessed surface to the water, as
exemplified in the horizontal section, Figure 6.
The improved rudder, constructed as directed, may be made to act as an
ordinary rudder by taking off the chains or ropes and making the tail fast to
the body, so that tail and body may turn or work together as one rigid piece.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention and in what
manner the same may be performed, I wish it to be understood I do not
restrict myself to any particular form of body A or tail B, as the same may
be varied to suit the craft or vessel to which the rudder may be applied. And
I hereby declare that I claim as the Invention intended to be protected by my
said Letters Patent a rudder constructed of two moveable portions combined
and worked as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Lumley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
Witness,
M. HENRY, Patent Agent,
84, Fleet Street, London.
HENRY LUMLEY. (L.S.)