IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR BREAKING, CRUSHING AND REDUCING STONES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Eglinton Anderson Gwynne
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th April 1861.
I, JAMES EGLINTON ANDERSON GWYNNE, of Essex Street Wharves, Strand,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR BREAKING, CRUSHING
AND REDUCING STONES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The machine in general consists of two side framings in one end of which
is fixed the box containing cutters, breaking bars, or other contrivances, and
in the other end the gearing for moving the hammers, the latter in this
arrangement may be fixed in a horizontal row turning round on one axis.
They are lifted by levers fixed on the moving shaft, to which motion is com-
municated by gearing, or by any other power directly applied. Behind the
cutters is fixed a girder carrying buffers for the hammers to rest or strike
upon when there is not sufficient thickness of stone under the hammer faces,
and to prevent these striking the cutter plates, at the back of the hammers
or in any other suitable position I place springs, which may be regulated to
give any desired pressure so as to vary the blow and adapt the hammers
to different work. The stone or other material when forced through the
cutters fall on to a perforated platform or sieve with various sized holes therein.
This platform, which is inclined & has a vibrating motion imparted to it from
the machine in any convenient way, and the stones or other materials are

page_text: separated thereby into heaps of various sizes. A feeding apparatus can be
arranged to bring the inaterials under the hammers, and also to take it
away after reduction to the required size. The spaces left between the
cutter blades constitute the general size of the broken material, & these
blades may be arranged for different sizes. The machine can be applied to
the breaking of all substances hard or otherwise. I arrange the cutters with
the thick edge of the blade upwards & gradually tapering downwards
something like furnace bars. I also arrange the cutters to form hanging
chains, so that the cutters thus hang and are elastic. I also arrange the cutter
& hammer faces with jagged or divided or serrated partitions or surfaces
which may be equal to the size of stones or material required. I also may
place the cutters on elastic cushions so that the jar of the blow is removed
and the full force of the hammers applied to the materials to be broken. I
also apply the hammers to work vertically, and either directly acted upon by
compressed air a vacuum or steam pressure. I also sometimes apply a steam
cylinder direct to work the machine. I also arrange them to be worked by
water, wind, hand, animal, or other power. I also mount them on wheels
& make them portable. Instead of flat cutter bars for the hammers to strike
on, I may substitute knobs or projections on which the stones or other
materials may be broken, or an endless or jointed chain may be stretched
over two cylinders, or a cylinder with horizontal bars or knobs or projections
may be used; the cylinder or cylinders may be made to move if desired by
a simple contrivance communicating with the buffers of the hammers, thus
feeding the machine, and at the same time removing the broken materials.
Or the cutter bars may have an oscillating or other motion imparted to
them by which the hammers may be fed or supplied with fresh material
to be broken; at the same time the broken materials may be removed and
any pieces that would stick between or jam the bars gets away. In another
arrangement of machine the stones or other materials may be broken between
cylinders having horizontal bars projecting from their surface and revolving
either in the same or opposite directions. A series of machines or a machine
arranged with various sized hammers and forms of cutters. may be used for
reducing the materials under treatment from the largest to the smallest
dimensions.