IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING AND COMBINING COLOURS FOR PRINTING COTTON CLOTH
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jules Albert Hartmann, Chemist, of Mulhouse, a
Town of France, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING AND
COMBINING COLOURS FOR PRINTING COTTON CLOTH."
Sealed the 26th October 1858, and dated the 3rd May 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jules Albert Hartmann
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 3rd May 1858.
I, JULES ALBERT HARTMANN, Chemist, of Mulhouse, a Town of France, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PREPARING AND COMBINING COLOURS FOR PRINTING COTTON CLOTH," to be as
follows:-
The chief object of the Invention is to produce a violet colour on cotton
cloth by the vapourising process, and by means of the colouring substance of
madder (extract of madder), and to print this violet colour at the same time
with lampblack or other suitable carbonaceous matter and Campeachy wood.
The most important part of the Invention is the fixing and disolving the
colouring substance of madder in the presence of a salt of iron on the cloth
with the help of either acetic acid or other volatile acids, especially those of
an organic nature, and preferably acetic acid. The improvement applies also
to the use of this violet colour to produce with other colours hues never yet
printed in combination with the said madder violet, which may be brightened
by passing it through soap water.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jules Albert Hartmann in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 29th October 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JULES
ALBERT HARTMANN, Chemist, of Mulhouse, a Town of France, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Jules Albert Hartmann, Her special licence that I, the said Jules Albert
Hartmann, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Jules Albert Hartmann, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING AND COMBINING COLOURS FOR PRINTING COTTON
CLOTH," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Jules Albert
Hartmann, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly. describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jules Albert Hartmann, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
My Invention relates to producing purple or violet colours on cotton cloth
from the coloring matter of madder by the steaming or vaporising process,
and it consists in using an organic volatile acid, by preference acetic acid,
with a salt of iron as a solvent for and means of fixing the coloring matter of
madder used to produce the said purple or violet colours.
And in order that my Invention may be well understood, I will proceed
to describe the means pursued by me in carrying the same into practical
operation.
I take one gallon of acetic acid at eight degrees of Twaddle's hydrometer,
and thicken it in the ordinary way with gum, starch, or any other suitable
thickening substance, I then add one pound of extract of madder (repre-

page_text: senting in strength about twenty-four pounds of madder) previously ground
with twice its weight of water, and one gill of the pyrolignite of iron, com-
monly called iron liquor, at eight degrees of Twaddle's hydrometer. When
the above ingredients are well mixed together, the colour is ready for printing
either by machine or the block. Other colours, such as logwood, black,
ultramarine blues, or greens, may be printed on the cotton cloth at the same
time as the madder purple or violet, and thus new combinations of colours
are obtained which hitherto have not been produced by the old process of
dyeing. After printing, the pieces are steamed and washed in the ordinary
way, as is well understood by calico printers, and the colours may be
brightened by passing the pieces for about an hour in boiling soap water or
other suitable alkalescent liquid.
Having now described the manner in which I prefer to perform my
Invention, I will proceed to describe other modes by which the colour may be
prepared.
In place of adding the strong extract of madder and the iron liquor to the
thickened acetic acid, madder or any other substance containing the coloring
matter of madder may be boiled in acetic acid or other volatile acids capable
of dissolving the coloring matter of madder, the soluble parts are then sepa-
rated from the insoluble parts by filtration, and the liquid is then thickened
with gum or other suitable substance, a salt of iron is then added, thereby
obtaining a similar composition by different means. The coloring matter may
also be dissolved in wood spirit or alcohol, to which are added acetic acid
or other volatile acids and a salt of iron. Various other modes might be
adopted to obtain the same results. And I would have it understood that I
do not confine myself to the exact proportions given, nor to the strength of
the ingredients, nor to the manner of combining them together; but what
I claim as my Invention is obtaining a steam madder purple or violet by
means of the coloring matter of madder combined with a salt of iron and
acetic acid, or other organic volatile acids capable of dissolving the coloring
matter of madder, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jules Albert Hartmann, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
J. A. HARTMANN. (L.S.)