Improvements relating to Window Frames and Sashes or Casements.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 7th June, 1895-Accepted, 24th Aug., 1895
COMPLETE DI COITIATION
"
Improvements relating to Window Frames and Sashes
or Casements.
We CHRISTIAN LENZ, Engineer and JOHANNES STUMPF, Merchant; both bf
Yorkstrasse 62, Berlin in the Empire of Germany, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to window frames and sashes or casements and 'the
improvements are intended to afford the advantages of vertically adjustable sashes
and of hinged casements without possessing disadvantages common to combined
sash and casement window fittings.
The construction admits of a vertical adjustment of the single sashes in such
manner that, for instance, in double windows, the upper exterior sash or sashes
may be laterally displaced (that is to say in the depth of the frame) and lowered;
the nearer sash or sashes may be in the same manner displaced, raised or lowered
respectively or replaced by each other so that for instance the uppermost sash of
the exterior window may be exchanged or replaced by the lowermost sash of the
interior window or 'be laterally entirely removed. It is therefore possible to take
out each sash for cleaning purposes and then exchange it for another, whereby the
frequent accidents connected with the operation of cleaning the upper frames of
windows-may be prevented.
As mentioned above, these improved window fittings are also constructed to
permit of each sash turning about a vertical axis and they are at the same time so
constructed that, swinging about a horizontal axis they may be placed in an oblique
position, an arrangement which provides for ventilation of the respective apartment
without the entrance of draught or rain.
The annexed drawings represent the improved window fitting.
Fig. 1 illustrates a window frame A. for a window with a sash B inserted to fill
the lower part.
Figs. 2 to 6 illustrate the construction for a single window, Fig. 3 being a
vertical section through the frame A¹, passing also through a sash 'B' therein,
Fig. 2 a partial side view and cross section on the line a, b of Fig. 3; Fig. 4 a
horizontal section on line v, v of Fig. 3; Fig. 5 the same on line u, u; Fig. 6'the
same on line w, w.
Figs. 7 to 10 are corresponding representations for double windows, Fig. 7 being
a partial side view and section respectively on line c, d, of Fig. 8; Fig. 8 a
vertical section; Fig. 9. a horizontal section on line e, f; Fig. 10 the same on
line:g, h.
.
Figs. 11 to 15 illustrate adjustment and locking devices in different views;
Figs. 16 and 17 show a manipulating ring;
Figs. 18 to 20 the mode of moving the beads to close the meeting places of 'the
frames and sashes.
To describe the arrangement for single windows; as may be seen from Sheet 2,
the inner vertical surfaces are provided with metallic beadings C in their
appearance similar to flattened tubes, in the interior hollow spaces of which; is
introduced a bar F, as shown in Figs. 4 to 6. This frame is intended to bu
The tubes C liave near
constructed for two sashes, an upper and a lower one.

page_text: their edges the grooves D, D₁ the latter running at either end into the cross
grooves E, E while there are other cross grooves E2, E2 at the middle of their
length. The longitudinal and cross grooves are at their meeting points enlarged
into circular holes, the cross grooves E, E', E' running the entire width of tubes C
and passing through the interior longitudinal bars F.
The sashes to be inserted are provided with laterally extended bolts G¹ which
end in knobs G and may, by means of the arrangement represented in Figs. 11
to 15, be moved forward and backward as hereinafter described. Said bolts G¹
are attached near the horizontal rails of the sash (see upper part of Fig. 2) and
correspond, as regards their position with the horizontal grooves E, E', E2. It is
therefore manifest that such a sash may easily and conveniently be introduced in
horizontal direction into the grooves E1, E2 or E, E, after the knobs G have been
moved backward, whereupon they enter through the meeting points into the
grooves D or D'. When, as shown in Fig. 3, the sash B' is placed in its middle
position, its raising or lowering in a vertical sense is impossible. A sash may,
therefore on drawing back the knobs G be inserted into the frame, and after
introducing the bolts G¹ into the grooves at the meeting points the sash may be
raised along the grooves D or D₁ and suspended from the lower edges of cross
grooves E, E2. The bolts G¹ (see Figs. 11 to 15) rest in sockets or eyes in the
angle iron frame H, said frame being bent inwardly, as shown in Fig. 12 in section,
and having a longitudinal slot h with lateral extensions and 2 (see Fig. 15) in
which the pin 3 passing through slot and fastened to bolt G¹ is adapted to
engage. The bolt G is by means of spring * always held in position shown in
Fig. 11. These devices are inserted in the upper and lower rails of the sash in
such manner that the back of plate H will be flush with the outer surface of the
sash (see Fig. 6) and the axis of bolt G' coincides with the middle of the sash.
The pin then will not unnecessarily protrude from the sash. Fig. 3 represents
the cross section of the window frame with the device in position, Fig. 6 a
horizontal section. In order to illustrate with the aid of Fig. 6, the effect and
operation of this device, it is to be mentioned that at the meeting or crossing points
of the vertical and horizontal grooves D, E, etc. the back walls of the guide tubes C
have also openings while there are recesses K, K in the frame which are shown in
Figs. 4 and 6. In the position given in Fig. 6, the pin h³ (Fig. 15) engages with
the recess thereby not hindering a horizontal displacement of the sash; when
the latter is slid so that the axis of bolts G¹ assumes a position opposite D
or D¹, the knob G will on disengaging the pin 3 from h¹ engage with the
recess K when neither vertical nor horizontal displacement of the window sash is
possible.
As may be seen from the drawings inasmuch as the horizontal grooves run the
entire width of the tube, the window sashes may, when the knob 3 is inserted in
the middle position 2 as in Fig. 6 be swung outwards about the upper and lower
knobs G respectively like an ordinary hinged casement, the latter then swinging
upon the lower edges of the smaller surfaces of E', E2 and E2, E, (Fig. 3)
respectively while the knobs G will prevent a removing of the bolts G¹ from the
slits, as the latter are not much wider than the diameter of the bolts G¹.
This arrangement finally admits of an oblique displacement of the sashes, for
supposing the knobs G to be drawn in sufficiently so as to lie, above and below at
either end, entirely in the sashes, in which position the sash frame can be inserted
and taken out from the window frame, the upper bolts G₁ (Fig. 2) are to be
brought opposite the crossing point of E2 and D, the pins on the upper bolts being
permitted to assume the middle position in their frames H so that the knobs
engage. The sash is then raised till above the meeting point of the upper
groove E2 and groove D and is placed in an oblique position so that the lower
bolts (which are entirely drawn back) will lie opposite the middle of grooves D'.
Having then moved the sash sufficiently to allign the lower bolts with a crossing
point of groove D1, for instance that of the lower groove E2, said bolts are passed
through the respective openings into the recesses K whereby the frame is kept in

page_text: its oblique position. Having in the same manner placed the upper bolts in the
middle position as shown in Fig. 6 and drawn in the lower bolts, the sash may be
allowed to swing about the upper bolts thereby assuming any desired position for
cleaning if it is not preferred to entirely take the sash out of the frame by drawing
back the upper bolts.
These improved frames offer the following advantages.
1). The sash when taken out on completely drawing back the bolts, may be
inserted into the frame, the bolts be brought opposite the grooves D or D', passed
in at the meeting points E', E, so that that sash by the engagement of the knobs
with the recesses k will be prevented from moving.
2). In this position as described the sashes may, on displacing the bolts and
holding the latter in their middle position so that they cannot engage with
recesses k, be vertically moved upward, the bolts G sliding along the grooves D
or D' respectively. Said sash can thus be raised to the extreme limit where, by
releasing the bolts and placing them in the upper recesses k, they are caused to
remain. Or the sashes may, on permitting the bolts, in their middle position to
slide in the horizontal grooves, be brought from one vertical groove to the other
so that for instance the upper sash can be laterally displaced, lowered and entirely
removed or the upper and lower sash replaced by each other without their removal
being necessary.
3). It is possible to let them assume an oblique position and turn about a
horizontal axis.
4). They may be used as casements when the bolts are brought into the middle
position, the cross grooves passing through the entire width permitting of a lateral
turning of the bolts.
If the bolts do not end in knobs, but have instead a cylindrical shape throughout,
a lateral turning of the sashes would be precluded but the other advantages
remain. In that case the horizontal slits are only required to connect the vertical
As
grooves D, D' instead of extending beyond them through the entire width.
may be seen from Fig. 13 a friction of the bolt-ends within the grooves is
considerably diminished by the arrangement of an antifriction ball which is guided
in an antifriction bearing. The double window frame as represented in Figs. 7
to 10 is a combination of two single frames with the difference that this combination
only requires one central vertical groove common to both. This form equally
possesses all the advantages as regards the exchanging of the single sashes, their
horizontal and vertical displacement, their placing in an oblique position, the
separate removing of each sash and finally, their turning about a vertical axis.
This system is well applicable to windows of railroad cars, as there, the windows
when placed in an oblique position as above described, would permit of an inlet of
fresh air without causing draught, the upper open part of the window permitting
air to enter without inconvenience to the passengers. The lateral wedge shaped
openings between sash and frame produced when the sash is in the oblique position
aforesaid may here be closed by means of leather pieces cut to suitable form and
fitted to the sash or frame.
Figs. 18 to 20 represent the means for closing the joint between the frame and
sashes, the frame being supposed to be flush with the outer surface of the sashes.
The joint is covered with flat iron bars or strips m, m, n, n the latter being
connected to a lever g with hand crank Q by means of levers o, o, and rods p, p
(Fig. 18). On turning said crank the pieces n, n are moved outwardly, thereby
freeing the meeting places of sashes and frame which they covered. Figs. 19
and 20 show the way in which the lateral displacement of the strips m is effected
by strips n; the ends of the former are forked and bevelled whereas those of n
have each a tongue or tenon adapted to engage within the said forked extremity.
The bar m is, in addition, provided with oblique slots n' to receive a pin n² secured
in bar n.
On raising barn with the aid of lever o, the oblique ends slide in the
fork of bar m and laterally displace the latter as shown in dotted lines in
Fig. 19.

page_text: Having now particularly.. described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:
1. A window frame having at its vertical inner surface, two, three or more
parallel, longitudinal or vertical grooves, said grooves being, at the upper and
lower ends and at their 'middle connected by horizontal cross grooves in which
vertical grooves the sashes, consisting of one or more parts are kept in place by
means of laterally projecting bolts in the inanner described and illustrated.
2. In window frames as described, 'the construction of the horizontal
grooves E, E, E³ to pass through the entire width of the frame as described and
illustrated.
3. In window frames as described the construction of 'the vertical and horizontal
grooves in the front surface of metallic layers which cover the inner vertical
faces of the frame forming in their cross section flattened tubes into which are
passed or inserted bars crossed by the horizontal grooves as described and
.illustrated.
4. In window frames or their lateral attachments, as described, the construction
at the meeting points of the vertical and horizontal grooves of recesses as described
and illustrated.
.5. Sashes adapted to window frames as described, having lateral cylindrical bolts
on their vertical sides displaceable in a horizontal and lateral sense and fixed in
their height and their distance from each other corresponding with the horizontal
lower or upper cross grooves, or with one of the latter and 'the middle cross groove
respectively, as described and illustrated.
6. On a window sash having lateral, cylindrical horizontally displaceable bolts
as described, the construction of knobs at the extremities of said bolts for the
purpose described.
7. On a sash as described comprising lateral cylindrical, horizontally displaceable
bolts, the construction at the end of said bolts of an antifriction ball bearing as
described and illustrated.
8. In a window sash as described, the bolts G' in plates H provided with lateral
cheeks which plates have each a central longitudinal slot with two lateral
extensions, 2 to receive a pin on bolt G', a spiral spring being arranged
between the said checks g presses against one of the latter and the piu h and
tending to press outwardly the bolt when the pin ³ is not resting in or h² as
described and illustrated.
9. In a window fitting as described, the means for closing the joints between
frame and sashes consisting of flat strips m, n, of which two opposite strips n' with
bevelled ends engage with the corresponding ends of the strips m, the strips
being attached to 2 armed levers o, the other ends of which are, by means of
rod p, p secured to a double hand lever, as described and illustrated.
72
10. The strips m and n engaging with each other at their bevelled ends, having
slits along the ends of strips n, in which the pins n² secured to strips m engage
for the purpose set forth.
11. The flat strips n and m, the strips n having bevelled fork like ends which
engage with the bevelled end of strip m especially adapted thereto, slits n² in both
fork ends, said slits engaging with pins 2 passing through the end of strip m as
described and Hlustrated.
Dated this 7th day of June 1895.
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
18 Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicants