IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS POR LIGHTING AND HEATING PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Albert Marcius Silber, of Wood Street, Chicap-
side, in the City of London, Merchant, for the Invention of
“IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS POR LIGHTING AND HEATING PURPOSES."
Scaled the 22nd April 1873, and dated the 28th January 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Albert Marcius Silber
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 28th January 1873.
I, ALBERT MARCIUS SILBER, of Wood Street, Cheapside, in the City
of London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING PURPOSES," to be
as follows:-
The main object of my Invention is to obtain a properly regulated and
controllable light in lamps and burners or lighting apparatus provided
with wicks, to which the oil or combustible liquid is raised according to
the system called moderateur or Carcel lamps. In these lamps or
lighting apparatus, as heretofore constructed, the oil or liquid is lifted

page_text: to the wick, and the surplus excess or overflow flows or drops from the
top or upper edge of the burner or wick holder through a suitable
channel or passage into the receiver or reservoir from which it was
lifted.
According to my Invention one or more holes or orifices are provided i
below the rim or top edge of the burner, wick case, or wick holder (in
most cases say about three-eighths of an inch below the rim or edge), so
that the excess of oil may flow over or return before reaching the top
rim or top edge of the burner, wick case, or wick holder. Of course I do
not confine myself to the exact or precise measurement of three-eighths
of an inch below the rim. The oil may trickle first into an annular
saucer or cup embracing the lower part of the wick holder or stem, and
thence into the oil reservoir through a hole, lip, or spout.
In one modification the upper part of the wick case or burner is made
trumpet-mouth shaped, or bends over to an outer tube, and this upper 1
part is perforated with one or more holes for the percolation of the over-
flow of oil from the wick into the oil reservoir.
In a third modification the oil is carried up through a supply pipe into
an annular chamber surrounding the wick case or holder or burner near
the upper part thereof, and closed at top, and the wick is fed with oil 2
from this chamber through an opening or openings by preference near
the lower part of such chamber. There is an overflow pipe leading from
near the upper part of this chamber.
Above the oil chamber is an annular air chamber perforated with
holes for admission of air. In this air chamber is fitted a disc or collar 2
made of ivory or other material being a non-conductor or weak con-
ductor of heat, and embracing the burner, wick case, or wick holder.
This disc is so fitted in the air chamber that the air enters both above
and below it.
Within the burner, wick case, or wick holder I sometimes provide onc
or more concentric bell-mouthed or trumpet-shaped tubes for the passage
of air to the top of the wick.
The burners or wick holders may be disposed in a stove or other
arrangement for heating purposes.
In applying this Invention for purposes of heating, burners or wick 3
holders constructed as described are arranged in a frame, moveable or

page_text: otherwise, but in most cases moveable, so that the frame may be with-
drawn from and replaced in the stove or other apparatus in which it is
used (or at least drawn out so as to render the burners or wick holders
attainable or accessible), in order that such burners may be inspected
and kindled.
Also, a number of burners or wick holders constructed as described
may be arranged in a row and the keys connected together, so that all
the wicks of such row may be simultaneously raised and lowered, and
the wicks thereby adjusted and the flame controlled. Or the burners
or wick holders may be fitted on a bed with the oil reservoir above or
below it.
Also, the burners or wick holders constructed as above described may
be applied for licating purposes in combination with steam generators,
or water vessels, or cooking or heating vessels, especially such described
in the Specification of my former Patents.
Also, they may be set in a ring or annular form in a stove or furnace,
or otherwise applied in apparatus of various forms, arrangements, and
dispositions for purposes of heating.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said Albert Marcius Silber in the Great Seal Patcut
Office on the 28th July 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALBERT
MARCIUS SILBER, of Wood Street, Cheapside, in the City of London,
Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of January, in tho
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Albert Marcius Silber, Her special
license that I, the said Albert Marcius Silber, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Albert Marcius Silber,
my exccutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,

page_text: use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING FURPOSES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Albert Marcius Silber, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and scals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Albert Marcius Silber, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is 1
to say :-
The main object of my Invention is to obtain a properly regulated and
controllable light in lamps and burners or lighting apparatus provided
with wicks, to which the oil or combustible liquid is raised according to
the system of lamps or apparatus called moderateur, moderator, or Carcel 2
lamps. In these lamps or lighting apparatus, as heretofore constructed,
the oil or liquid is raised to the wick, and the surplus excess or overflow
of oil flows or drops from the top or upper edge of the burner or wick
holder through a suitable channel or passage into the receiver or reservoir
from which it was lifted.
According to my Invention one or more holes or orifices is or aro
provided below the rim or top edge of the burner, wick case, or wick
holder (in most cases say about three-cights of an inch below such rim
or edge), so that the excess of oil may flow over a return before reaching
the top rim or top edge of the burner, wick case, or wick holder. The 3
oil may trickle first into an annular saucer or cup embracing the lower
part of the wick holder or stem, and thence into the oil reservoir through
a hole with a lip or spout.
In one modification the upper part of the wick case is made trumpet-
mouthed or bends over to an outer tube, and this upper part is perforated 3
with one or more holes for the percolation of the overflow of oil from the
wick into the oil reservoir,

page_text: In a third modification the oil is carried up through a supply pipe into
an annular chamber surrounding the wick case, wick holder, or burner
near the upper part thereof, and closed at top, and the wick is fed with oil
from this chamber through an opening or openings by preference near
the lower part of such chamber. There is an overflow pipe leading from
near the upper part of this chamber.
Above the oil chamber is an annular air chamber perforated with
holes for admission of air. In this air chamber is fitted a disc or dia-
phragm made of ivory or other material which is a non-conductor or
weak conductor of heat, and which embraces the burner, wick case, or
wick holder. This disc is fitted in the air chamber in such position that
the air enters both above and below it.
Within the burner, wick case, or wick holder I sometimes provide one
or more concentric bell-mouthed or trumpet-shaped tubes for the passage
of air to the top of the wick.
The burners or wick holders may be disposed in a stove or other
arrangement for heating purposes.
In applying this Invention for purposes of heating, the burners or
wick holders constructed as described are arranged in a frame moveable
or otherwise, but in most cases moveable, so that the frame may be
withdrawn from and replaced in the stove or other apparatus in which it
is used (or at least drawn out so as to render the burners or wick holders
attainable or accessible in order that such burners may be inspected and
kindled.
Also, a number of burners or wick holders constructed as described
may be arranged in a row, and the keys connected together, so that all
the wicks of such row may be simultaneously raised and lowered, and
the wicks thereby adjusted and the flame controlled. Or the burners
or wick holders may be fitted on a bed, with the oil reservoir above or
below it.
Also, the burners or wick holders constructed as above described may
be applied for heating purposes in combination with steam generators, or
water vessels, or cooking or heating vessels, especially such as are
described in the Specifications of certain of my former Patents.
Also, they may be set in a ring or annular form in a stove or furnace,
or otherwise applied in apparatus of various forms, arrangements, and
dispositions for purposes of heating.

page_text: The accompanying Drawings represent lamps or lighting apparatus
constructed according to my Invention. The burners may be applied as
abovo described for heating purposes.
Figure 1 is an clevation of a moderateur or Carcel lamp constructed
according to my Invention; Figure 2 is a sectional elevation of the
same; Figure 3 is an elevation showing the lamp without the outer conc
or cap and without the chimney gallery, and also without the internal
air pipe; Figure 4 is a plan of saucer c. a is the wick case or wick
holder, consisting, as is usual in such lamps, of two concentric tubes
forming a tubular or annular holder for a cylindrical, annular, or tubular
wick.
In ordinary moderateur or Carcel lamps the oil overflows from the rim
or edge of the wick caso or outer tube of the annular wick holder,
whereas, according to my improvements, I form perforations or
orifices b, b, in the wick case or wick holder at a part thereof, say about
three-eighths of an inch below the rim or top edge of the same, so that
the excess of oil flows over through these perforations 6 before reaching
the top of the burner or wick holder. A is the outside casc or shell of
the burner; c is a saucer or shallow basin into which the overflow of oil
drips, and whence it passes back through a spout c² into the oil reservoir;
D is an air tube supplied with atmospheric air through an orifice or
passage or orifices or passages communicating with the outer atmosphere
through the shell or body of the lamp, and conveying the air into tho
centre of the burner or flame through the bell mouth d; e are orifices in
a cap, conc, or dome E placed over the upper part of the burner; Fis
the ordinary chimney gallery.
Figure 5 is a sectional elevation in which the upper edge of the outer
tube or outer side of the wick case a is curved or bell mouthed, as shown
at a*, so as to join the case or shell of the burner. A passage & is thus
formed between the outer side or outer tube of the annular wick holder a
and the external tube or side A of the burner. In this curved portion
or lip a* I form perforations b for the overflow of the excess of oil,
which descends through the conduit & into the oil reservoir.
The parts
marked A, D, in this Figure are similar to tho parts A, D, in the pre-
ceding Figures.

page_text: Second. The arrangement in which the outer side of the wick casc or
wick holder is trumpet-mouthed or curved and perforated for the per-
colation of the overflow of oil, as described in reference to Figure 5.
Third. The employment in moderateur, moderator, or Carcel lamps of
one or more air tubes concentric with the annular burner, wick case, or
wick holder, substantially as described.
Fourth. The arrangement herein-before described in which an upper
annular oil chamber and an annular partitioned air chamber surrounding
the upper part of the burner, wick holder, or wick case, are employed,
substantially as described in reference to Figures 6 and 7.
Fifth. The application of the burners or apparatus, constructed,
arranged, and combined substantially as above set forth, to purposes of
heating, by the means and in the manner herein-before explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Albert Marcius Silber, have hereunto
set my band and scal, this Twenty-fifth day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-three.
Witness,
E. DE PASS,
Patent Office,
68, Fleet Street,
London.
A. M. SILBER. (L.S.)