IMPROVEMENTS IN PYROMETERS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Louis Casartelli, of the City of Man-
chester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineering Instrument
Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PYROMETERS."
Sealed the 22nd May 1872, and dated the 3rd April 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Louis Casar-
telli at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 3rd April 1872.
I, JOSEPH LOUIS CASARTELLI, of the City of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineering Instrument Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PYROMETERS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to pyrometers for hot blast furnaces and other
similar purposes.
The apparatus consists of a pipe or tube of iron or other material,
which is screwed or fastened into a metal cone at one end and to a flange

page_text: or socket at the other end. Inside this pipe or tube is a second or
smaller tube of metal or other material, the ratio of expansion of which
by heat is different from the outer tube. This inner tube is also screwed
or fastened at one end into the metal cone before mentioned, and at the
other end has a rod screwed or fastened into it which is made to pass
through a stem screwed into a flange socket attached to the top of the
main tube, and which said stem carries a case and dial. The rod being
moved up or down according to the expansion or contraction of the
metal comes in contact with a rack movement on the dial plate and gives
motion accordingly to the index hand. The hot blast is passed through
the instrument by inserting the cone into the socket of the plug of the
tuyere tube, the current passing through the inner tube or pipe through
holes at its top between the inner and outer pipe or tube, and out
through holes in the cone. By this means the heat, of the blast elongates
the pipes or tubes, and the temperature is indicated by the hand and
dial.
The outer tube of the apparatus has a covering of wood or other non-
conducting material for the purpose of handling comfortably as well as
to prevent the radiation of heat from the tube. The stem carrying the
dial case is provided with an arrangement for adjusting or setting the
index'hand to its starting point.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
-
filed by the said Joseph Louis Casartelli in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 3rd October 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH 2
LOUIS CASARTELLI, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineering Instrument Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the 3
thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,.
give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Louis Casartelli, Her special
license that I, the said Joseph Louis Casartelli, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, tho said Joseph Louis

page_text: "
Casartelli, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PYROMETERS, upon the condition, amongst others;
that I, the said Joseph Louis Casartelli, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed, in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next, and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Louis Casartelli, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, reference being had to the Figures on
the accompanying Sheet of Drawings and to the letters of reference
marked thereon (that is to say) :—
This Invention relates to pyrometers for measuring the heat of the
blast of hot air used in blast furnaces and other places for high-pressure
steam heated fluids and other similar purposes. And one arrangement
of my improvements is shewn in the elevation, Fig. 1, and Section,
Fig. 2.
The apparatus consists of a tube a of iron or other metal or material,
which at one end is screwed or otherwise fastened into a metal conc b
having through it a number of transverse holes c, and at the other end to
a flanged socket d, and inside the tube a there is a second or smaller
tube e of metal or other material, the ratio of expansion of which by heat
is different from the outer tube a. This inner tube e is also screwed or
fastened at one end to the metal cone b, and has at the other end trans-
verse holes and a plug 9, into which is screwed or fastened one end of
a rod h which passes through a stem i screwed and adjusted on the
flanged socket d on the top of the outer tube a, and afterwards held firm
by the nut k; and to this stem i is fixed a case 7 provided with a dial m.
The other end of the rod / is in contact with a small block n pivoted to
an arm o of the toothed quadrant or segment p gearing into a pinion on
a spindle q carrying the index hand r, and as the rod h is moved up or

page_text: down, according to the expansion or contraction of the tubes of metal or
other material, it gives motion to the toothed quadrant and pinion, and
consequently to the index hand r. The hot blast is passed through the
instrument by inserting the cone 6 into the socket of the plug of the
tuyere tube or other suitable place, the current passing through the
inner tube e through the holes f at the top between the inner and outer
tubes a and e, and out through the holes c in the cone b. By this means
the heat of the blast or current elongates the tube or tubes, which acting
on the toothed quadrant and pinion indicates the temperature by the
index hand and dial, it being understood that the index hand has been
properly adjusted at the outset.
The outer tube a has a cover t, of wood or other non-heat conducting
material, encircled by cloth u for preventing the radiation of heat from
the instrument, and enabling it to be handled comfortably.
This arrangement may be modified by using a tube or solid rod of
metal or other material passed through the outer tube and screwed or
fastened at the bottom into the cone, and causing the current of hot air,
steam, gas, or heated fluid to pass through passages at the bottom into
and through the space between the inner tube or rod and outer tube, and
make the exit through passages at the top.
The main feature of this Invention is the arrangement of, the outer
tube and inner tube or rod, so that the current of hot air, steam, gas, or
heated fluid, is passed through the body of the instrument either up the
inner tube, and then downwards between the two tubes, and out through
the holes in the cone, or between the two tubes or tube and rod, and out
at the top.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the means of
carrying it into practical effect, I desire it to be understood that in
pyrometers I do not claim the mere use of tubes of metal or other
materials having different ratios of expansion by the action of heat, nor
the arrangements of the toothed quadrant, dial, and index hand, but
what I do claim is, the system of passing the hot air, steam, heated gas
or fluid, through the body of the instrument by the arrangement and
employment of an inner and outer tube communicating with each other
by means of apertures, and the connection of both tubes with a cone
having apertures communicating with the space between the two tubes
and the atmosphere, as hercin described and illustrated on the accom-

page_text: panying Sheet of Drawings, and also the modification described in which
there is an outer tube capable of expanding more than an inner tube or
solid rod, so that as the outer tube expands, it will raise the case and
dial and cause the quadrant to turn on its pivot and work the index
dial and cause the quadrant to turn on its pivot and work the index
hand.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Louis Casartelli, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Second day of October, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
two.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Louis Casartelli, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Second day of October, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
two.
Signed, sealed, and delivered, by the
within-named Joseph Louis Casar-
telli in the presence of
G. SEPTIMUS HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
J. L. CASARTELLI. (L.s.)