Year: 1885

page_text: I RICHARD ATKINSON PERROTT of the Hive Iron Works, Cork in the County of
Cork, Ireland, Manufacturer, seek leave to amend the complete specification and
drawings of my application for Letters Patent, No. 5315 of 1885, as shown in red
ink in the copy of the original specification hereunto annexed:-
My reasons for making this amendment are as follows:-
To more clearly define the scope of the invention and to prevent misapprehension
on certain points.
Deputy
J. CLARK HALL,
Comptroller-General.

page_text: I RICHARD ATKINSON PERROTT of the Hive Iron Works, Cork, in the County
of Cork, Ireland, Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHIN RANGES," to be as follows:-
The object of the present invention is to effect the more economical and even
heating of the ovens, and it may be the boilers also, in kitchen ranges.
To this end the invention relates to a novel combination and arrangement of
parts whereby the heated gases of combustion may be caused to pass in close
contact with the top, two sides, bottom and back of the oven or boiler.
According to my invention I divide the products of combustion into two streams
and lead one stream over a bridge at the back of the fire box or grate, down by the
side of the oven, and beneath one half of the bottom of the oven through passages
formed by plates of iron or other material, to a smoke box or chamber spreading
across the entire back of the oven; and I lead the other stream of gases across the
top of the oven beneath the hot plate, down the side of the oven remote from the
fire, through passages below the oven similar to those above described and so to
the smoke box above named where the two streams of gases unite and having
heated the entire back of the oven pass off to a flue at one side thereof.
By dividing the space below the bottom of the oven into a series of compart-
ments or passages, and by supplying the compartments or passages in each half of
the series with a separate stream of hot gases from the fire box, I am able to heat
the bottom and sides of the oven evenly. I preferably arrange the plates of iron or
other material, forming the passages below the oven, in such a manner that the
heated gases pass backwards and forwards underneath the oven.
By carrying a current over a bridge at the back of the fire box, down by the
side of the oven nearest the fire box, and thence underneath the oven, 1 effect the
The two currents, it will be
practically uniform heating of this side of the oven.
understood, unite as they enter the chamber or flue at the back of the oven.
The
I use a pair of dampers, preferably of leaf form, to control the direction of the
two currents, and arrange them at diagonally opposite corners of the oven.
interior of the oven is provided with ledges for the reception of shelves.
100

page_text: I RICHARD ATKINSON PERROTT of the Hive Iron Works, Cork, in the County
of Cork, Ireland, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN RANGES," and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The object of the present invention is to effect the more economical and uniform
heating of the ovens, and it may be the boilers also, in kitchen ranges.
To this end the invention relates to certain novel combinations and arrange-
ments of parts, which will be hereinafter more particularly described and claimed,
whereby the heated gases of combustion are or may be caused to pass in close
contact with the top, two sides, bottom and back of the oven, or boiler.
According to my invention I divide the stream of heated gases and products of
combustion issuing from the fire box, and distribute the divided streams in such a
manner, by means of suitably arranged passages, deflecting or baffle plates, and
partitions, as to cause the said streams to impinge upon or sweep around the
back, sides, top and bottom of the oven; the said streams being then united and
passing off by a common flue.
An important feature of my invention consists in the division of the space below
the bottom of the oven into a series of compartments or passages, the compart-
ments or passages in each half of the series being separate from those of the other
half; and each set being supplied, as above mentioned, with a separate stream of
hot gases from the fire-box.
The invention will be more perfectly understood on reference to the accompany-
ing Drawings in which I have shown 3 kitchen ranges, kitcheners, or cooking
stoves, with my improvements for ensuring economy of fuel and the even and
uniform heating of the oven, applied thereto.
In Sheet I Fig: 1 is a front elevation of a range.
Fig: 2 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the same.
Fig: 3 is a horizontal section on the line 1, 2 of Fig: 2.
Fig 4 is a horizontal section on the line 3, 4 of Fig: 2 and
:
Fig 5 is a transverse vertical section on the line 5, 6 of Fig: 2.
In Sheets II and III a precisely similar series of views are given; bearing
similar numbers to those on Sheet I; all of which will be fully explained hereafter
similar letters of reference being employed to designate corresponding parts in all
the Figures on the three Sheets.
The setting of the cooking ranges or stoves illustrated on Sheets II and III, it
should be observed, varies slightly from that shown in Sheet I, and the partitions
at the back of these stoves are arranged to correspond with such variation.
It will of course be understood that the relative positions of the fire box and
oven might be reversed in all or any of the several arrangements shown in the
Drawings; and that the fire might be placed between two oyens, or that two ovens

page_text: might be placed at one, or both sides of the fire; or again that one oven might be
placed at one side of the fire, and two ovens at the other side, without departing
from the tenour of my invention, but with the view of simplifying the description
and more readily explaining the invention, the same relative position of these parts
has been observed in all the Figures.
A is the fire box, B the oven, and C. the hot plate. a indicates a vertical
partition or division plate situate towards the back of the range, and rising from
the top of oven and touching, the under side of hot plate. bb indicate the baftle
plates or deflectors situate for giving a circuitous course to the hot gases below the
oven and b¹ is the division plate for keeping separate the streams of hot gases,
preferably two in number, into which the products of combustion from the fire are
divided, until they reach the point d.
In the arrangement shown in Sheet I it will be seen that the products of
combustion from A pass off by two distinct passages or channels in the direction
indicated by the arrows, the one stream sweeping over the top of the oven B
beneath the hot. plate C, down the side of the oven remote from A, around the
baffle plate 6 (there might be more) below the left hand half of the oven, and
thence to the flue D; the other stream passing down at the back of the range by. a.
portion of the side of the oven nearest the fire box to the bottom of the oven;
around the baffle plate b below the right hand half of the oven, and thence to the
flue D. It will be observed that the two streams of gases issuing from below the
oven towards the back, blend and unite at the point d and before passing to
the flue, fill the entire space, at the back of the oven, thereby completing its
heating practically all round. I. say "practically all round". because on reference
to Fig 5 Sheet I it will be seen that a small portion of the side of the oven below.
the level of the fire bars, and in advance of the passage at the back by which the
stream of gases passes to the space below the right hand half of the oven, (which
small portion I have marked e in this Figure) is not directly heated, though the
thickness of the brick or fireclay setting, at that part is sufficient to prevent it from
being cooled to any appreciable extent by the proximity of the ash pit. The said
portion, however, might be and preferably is provided with a hot air or gas
chamber on its outer side, between the wall of the oven and the brick or fireclay
setting, as shown best at e¹ in Figs: 2 and 4 in Sheets II and III; and this allows
of the brick setting at this part being thinner, and enables me more completely.to
distribute the heat evenly on all sides of the oven.
In the arrangement shown in Sheet II the position of the vertical partition a,
towards the back of the range, which separates the two streams of gases, is-shifted
somewhat-nearer-to-the-centre-of the-oven remains the same, but an extra pur-
tition a* is fixed at the back of the oven; this partition traverses the back of oven
from top to bottom in a slanting direction; and the internal form of the passage
through which the gases descend to the circuitous passages below the oven is
somewhat altered. With the division plate a in this position a portion of the back
of the oven is heated by a descending stream of gases, and the other portion of the
back of the oven is heated by the combined.or united ascending streams of gases,
as clearly indicated by the arrows, the arrangement of the baffles or deflectors
below the oven remaining substantially the same as described with reference to
Sheet I.
The part of the setting marked E in Figure 3 Sheet II I prefer should be of
brick, while that marked F on the same sheet may be a rubble filling.
The arrangement shown on Sheet II affords a pretty equal division of the gases
of combustion and their equable distribution over the two halves of the oven, after
which the united streams pass off as before explained by the common flue D.
In sheet III I have shown the same principle of action embodied in a very
simple form of range or stove which can be set very easily and inexpensively, and
in which I am able to dispense with the passage at the back of the fire box in
which a great deal of the heat is wasted, and although the arrangements shown in
Sheets I and II are very useful and efficient for the purpose of my invention yet
:

page_text: the distribution of the heated gases on all sides of the oven is effected with even
greater economy, directness and simplicity by the arrangement shown in Sheet III.
As in the preceding examples a* is the vertical, or practically vertical partition,
situate at or-towards-the-back-of-the-range the back of the oven, which separates
the stream of gases; b, b, as before are the baffles which deflect the divided streams
beneath the right and left hand halves of the oven respectively; and e¹ is the hot
air or gas chamber covering that portion of the side of the oven which is adjacent
to the ash pit and which is supplied with heated air or gases by the stream which
heats the right hand half of the oven. The arrows indicate clearly the passage of
the two streams in this arrangement. One stream passes straight across the top of
the oven B beneath the hot plate, down by the left side of the oven, through the
circuitous passage formed by the baffles below the left half of the oven to d, where
it meets with the other stream of gas which sweeping across the right hand corner
of the top of the oven, at the back, descends behind it to the circuitous passage
formed by the baffles below the right hand half of the oven; the united streams
rising behind the remaining back half or portion of the oven and passing off by the
flue Das before.
I would here observe that the precise position and direction of the flue D form
no part of the present invention; the said flue might be at the back of the range or
in any other position which may be found suitable, and it may run in any
convenient direction.
The dampers for controlling the currents of heated gases when used, are most
conveniently situated in the positions indicated at f in Fig: 1 on all the sheets,
each being opposite the end of one of the baffle plates b, b, forming the sets of
circuitous passages below the oven, and here are also cleaning doors affording
facilities for cleaning the flues. The dampers may be arranged to slide or may be
of leaf form mounted on a spindle capable of rotation.-The interior of the oven is
fitted with ledges for shelves, as indicated in Figure 2 on all the sheets.
When my improvements are applied to Ranges having a very large oven or
ovens I increase the number of baffles such as b beneath the oven or ovens, while-
for ranges with very small ovens the single baffle plate on each side may be shifted
nearer to the right and left, respectively, so as to allow sufficient width to the
flues or passages on each side of the division plate under the centre of the oven.
I may also cause the gases to sweep through the hot air chamber e¹ at the side of
the oven next the ashpit, thus converting it into a flue or passage. This flue along
the side of the oven is of course, not required to extend above the level of the fire
bars, and is in fact exactly the same as the hot air or gas chamber e¹ described with
reference to Sheets II and III, except that its back end is open direct to the
vertical or sloping flue at the back of the range and the gases consequently
circulate through it. With the object of more completely filling the corners of the
passages flues or chambers formed by the baffles below the oven when the arrange-
ment shewn in Sheet I is employed, small openings may be left at the point of
attachment between the said baffles and the back plate to induce small currents
or what may be termed "leakage" of the hot gases to permeate and fill the said
corners.
The position of these openings is indicated by stars in Fig: 4 of Sheet I.
In conclusion I would--remark that The Invention by a mere duplication or
repetition of parts, may be applied to a range having a boiler at one side and an
oven on the other side of the fire box, or to ranges with various combinations of
ovens and boilers.
In conclusion I would remark that I am aware that it has been proposed to fit
a perforated plate or block of cast iron or other material between the fire box and
the adjacent side of the oven or boiler, for the purpose of separating the gases of
combustion into two streams which are intended to pass, the one over the top of the
perforated plate or block and across the top of the oven or boiler, and the other
through the perforations or apertures in the said plate or block, down by the side
of the oven or boiler to a space below the same: I am also aware that it has been

page_text: proposed to fit the said space with baffle plates or deflectors, but these arrangements
are open to the following objections:
The edges of the plate or block between and around the perforations or apertures
(whether vertical or horizontal) will not stand the action of the fire, but soon burn
away or break, and the apertures themselves through which one portion of the gases
of combustion is expected to pass, are liable to become choked with fuel and ashes,
as owing to the clear space required between the top of the plate or block and the
underside of the hot plate (for the passage of one of the streams of hot gases
(viz, that which passes over the oven), these apertures must be situate comparatively.
low down in the fire box. Owing to the position of these apertures also with
reference to the oven or boiler, the stream of hot gases which descends at the side of
oven nearest the firebox does not heat any portion of the back of the oven in its
descent; it also leaves a great portion of the bottom of oven without heat; while as
regards the baffles in the arrangement above referred to, no division plate has been
used to completely separate the two streams of gases below the oven, and hence the
currents are liable to conflict und impede each other.
By the present improvements, however, all these defects are obviated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. Constructing and fitting kitchen ranges or cooking stoves with divisions or
partitions in the manner described with reference to the Drawings, for the
purpose of dividing the gases of combustion into separate streams and causing
them to travel through passages or chambers, in contact with the top, bottom, sides
and back of the oven (or it might be a boiler) before passing off by the flue,
whereby I effect an economy in fuel and secure the practically uniform heating of
the said oven or boiler as set forth.
2. In a cooking stove or range-the combination of with the fire box A, oven or
boiler B and hot plate C, of the partitions or divisions a, a b, b¹ forming chambers
or passages around and beneath the said oven or boiler substantially as described
with reference to the Drawings, for the purpose of effecting the economical and
equable distribution of heat.
3. The adaptation to cooking ranges or stoves, of hot air channels or passages
arranged in separate sets below the oven, substantially as described with reference
to the Drawings, each set being supplied through a separate passage or channel,
with a stream of heated gases of combustion proceeding from the fire box, and
opening into a common chamber in rear of the oven in connection with the flue
as and for the purpose set forth.

page_text: I RICHARD ATKINSON PERROTT of the Hive Iron Works, Cork, in the County
of Cork, Ireland, Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHIN RANGES," to be as follows:-
The object of the present invention is to effect the more economical and even,
heating of the ovens, and it may be the boilers also, in kitchen ranges.
To this end the invention relates to a novel combination and arrangement of
parts whereby the heated gases of combustion may be caused to pass in close
contact with the top, two sides, bottom and back of the oven or boiler.
.
According to my invention I divide the products of combustion into two streams.
and lead one stream over a bridge, at the back of the fire box or grate, down by the
side of the oven, and beneath one half of the bottom of the oven through passages
formed by plates of iron or other material, to a smoke box or chamber spreading
across the entire back of the oven; and I lead the other stream of gases across the
top of the oven beneath the hot plate, down the side of the oven remote from the
fire, through passages below the oven similar to those above described and so to.
the smoke box above named where the two streams of gases unite and having
heated the entire back of the oven pass off to a flue at one side thereof.
By dividing the space below the bottom of the oven into a series of compart-
ments or passages, and by supplying the compartments or passages in each half of
the series with a separate stream of hot gases from the fire box, I am able to heat
the bottom and sides of the oven evenly. I preferably arrange the plates of iron or
other material, forming the passages below the oven, in such a manner that the
heated gases pass back wards, and forwards underneath the oven.
By carrying a current over a bridge at the back of the fire box, down by the
side of the oven nearest the fire box, and thence underneath the oven, I effect the
practically uniform heating of this side of the oven. The two currents, it will be
understood,, unite as they enter the chamber or flue at the back of the oven.
I use a pair of dampers, preferably of leaf form, to control the direction of the
two currents, and arrange them at diagonally opposite corners of the oven. The
interior of the oven is provided with ledges for the reception of shelves.
D11:
•

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I RICHARD ATKINSON PERROTT of the Hive Iron Works, Cork, in the County
of Cork, Ireland, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN RANGES," and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
DAS. O J
0
The object of the present invention is to effect the more economical and uniform
heating of the ovens, and it may be the boilers also, in kitchen ranges.
To this end the invention relates to certain novel, combinations and arrange-
ments of parts, which will be hereinafter more particularly described and claimed;
whereby the heated gases of combustion are or may be caused to pass in close
contact with the top, two sides, bottom and back of the oven, or boiler.
According to my invention I divide the stream of heated gases and products of
combustion issuing from the fire box, and distribute the divided streams in such a
manner, by means of suitably arranged passages, deflecting or baffle plates, and
partitions, as to cause the said streams to impinge upon or sweep around the
back, sides, top and bottom of the oven; the said streams being then united and
passing off by a common flue.
An important feature of my invention consists in the division of the space below
the bottom of the oven into a series of compartments or passages, the compart-
ments or passages in each Half of the series being separate from those of the other
half; and each set being supplied, as above mentioned, with a separate stream of
hot gases from the fire-box.
The invention will be more perfectly understood on reference to the accompany-
ing Drawings in which I have shown kitchen ranges, kitcheners, or cooking
stoves, with my improvements for ensuring economy of fuel and the even and
uniform heating of the oven, applied thereto.
•
.
In Sheet I Fig 1 is a front elevation of a range.
:
Fig: 2 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the same.
Fig: 3 is a horizontal section on the line 1, 2 of Fig: 2.
Fig 4 is a horizontal section on the line 3, 4 of Fig: 2 and
:
Fig 5 is a transverse vertical section on the line 5, 6 of Fig: 2.
In Sheets II and III a precisely similar series of views are given; bearing
similar numbers to those on Sheet I; all of which will be fully explained hereafter;
similar letters of reference being employed to designate corresponding parts in all
the Figures on the three Sheets.
The setting of the cooking ranges or stoves illustrated on Sheets II and III, it
should be observed, varies slightly from that shown in Sheet I, and the partitions
at the back of these stoves are arranged to correspond with such variation.
It will of course be understood that the relative positions of the fire box and
oven might be reversed in all or any of the several arrangements shown in the
Drawings, and that the fire might be placed between two ovens, or that two ovens
might be placed at one, or both sides of the fire; or again that one oven might be

page_text: placed at one side of the fire, and two ovens at the other side, without departing
from the tenour of my invention, but with the view of simplifying the description
and more readily explaining the invention, the same relative position of these parts
has been observed in all the Figures.
A is the fire box, B the oven, and C the hot plate. a indicates a vertical
partition or division plate situate towards the back of the range, and b b indicate
baffle plates or deflectors situate below the oven for keeping separate the streams
of hot gases, preferably two in number, into which the products of combustion from
the fire are divided.
In the arrangement shown in Sheet I it will be seen that the products of
combustion from A pass off by two distinct passages or channels in the direction
indicated by the arrows, the one stream sweeping over the top of the oven B
beneath the hot plate C, down the side of the oven remote from A, around the
baffle plate b (there might be more) below the left hand half of the oven, and
thence to the flue D; the other stream passing down at the back of the range by a
portion of the side of the oven nearest the fire box to the bottom of the oven;
around the baffle plate b below the right hand half of the oven, and thence to the
flue D. It will be observed that the two streams of gases issuing from below the
oven towards the back, blend and unite at the point d and before passing to
the flue, fill the entire space at the back of the oven, thereby completing its
beating practically all round. I say "practically all round" because on reference
to Fig 5 Sheet I it will be seen that a small portion of the side of the oven below
the level of the fire bars, and in advance of the passage at the back by which the
stream of gases passes to the space below the right hand half of the oven, (which
small portion I have marked e in this Figure) is not directly heated, though the
thickness of the brick or fireclay setting, at that part is sufficient to prevent it from
being cooled to any appreciable extent by the proximity of the ash pit. The said
portion, however, might be and preferably is provided with a hot air or gas
chamber on its outer side, between the wall of the oven and the brick or fireclay
setting, as shown best at el in Figs: 2 and 4 in Sheets II and III; and this allows
of the brick setting at this part being thinner, and enables me more completely to
distribute the heat evenly on all sides of the oven.
In the arrangement shown in Sheet II the position of the vertical partition a,
towards the back of the range, which separates the two streams of gases, is shifted
somewhat nearer to the centre of the oven; and the internal form of the passage
through which the gases descend to the circuitous passages below the oven is
somewhat altered. With the division plate a in this position a portion of the back
of the oven is heated by a descending stream of gases, and the other portion of the
back of the oven is heated by the combined or united ascending streams of gases,
as clearly indicated by the arrows, the arrangement of the baffles or deflectors
below the oven remaining substantially the same as described with reference to
Sheet I.
The part of the setting marked E in Figure 3 Sheet II I prefer should be of
brick, while that marked F on the same sheet may be a rubble filling.
The arrangement shown on Sheet II affords a pretty equal division of the gases
of combustion and their equable distribution over the two halves of the oven, after
which the united streams pass off as before explained by the common flue D.
In sheet III I have shown the same principle of action embodied in a very
simple form of range or stove which can be set very easily and inexpensively, and
in which I am able to dispense with the passage at the back of the fire box in
which a great deal of the heat is wasted, and although the arrangements shown in
Sheets I and II are very useful and efficient for the purpose of my invention yet
the distribution of the heated gases on all sides of the oven is effected with even
greater economy, directness and simplicity by the arrangement shown in Sheet III.
As in the preceding examples a is the vertical, or practically vertical partition,
situate at or towards the back of the range, which separates the stream of gases;

page_text: b, b, as before are the baffles which deflect the divided streams beneath the right
and left hand halves of the oven respectively; and e¹ is the hot air or gas chamber
covering that portion of the side of the oven which is adjacent to the ash pit and
which is supplied with heated air or gases by the stream which heats the right
hand half of the oven. The arrows indicate clearly the passage of the two streams
in this arrangement. One stream passes straight across the top of the oven B
beneath the hot plate, down by the left side of the oven, through the circuitous
passage formed by the baffles below the left half of the oven to d, where it meets
with the other stream of gas which sweeping across the right hand corner of the
top of the oven, at the back, descends behind it to the circuitous passage formed
by the baffles below the right hand half of the oven; the united streams rising
behind the remaining back half or portion of the oven and passing off by the
flue D as before.
The dampers for controlling the currents of heated gases when used, are most
conveniently situated in the positions indicated at f in Fig: 1 on all the sheets,
each being opposite the end of one of the baffle plates b, b, forming the sets of
circuitous passages below the oven, and here are also cleaning doors affording
facilities for cleaning the flues. The dampers may be arranged to slide or may be
of leaf form mounted on a spindle capable of rotation.-The interior of the oven is
fitted with ledges for shelves, as indicated in Figure 2 on all the sheets.
When my improvements are applied to Ranges having a very large oven or
ovens I increase the number of baffles such as b beneath the oven or ovens, while
for ranges with very small ovens the single baffle plate on each side may be shifted
nearer to the right and left, respectively, so as to allow sufficient width to the
flues or passages on each side of the division plate under the centre of the oven.
I may also cause the gases to sweep through the hot air chamber e¹ at the side of
the oven next the ashpit, thus converting it into a flue or passage. This flue along
the side of the oven is of course, not required to extend above the level of the fire
bars, and is in fact exactly the same as the hot air or gas chamber e' described with
reference to Sheets II and III, except that its back end is open direct to the
vertical or sloping flue at the back of the range and the gases consequently
circulate through it. With the object of more completely filling the corners of the
passages flues or chambers formed by the baffles below the oven when the arrange-
ment shewn in Sheet I is employed, small openings may be left at the point of
attachment between the said baffles and the back plate to induce small currents
or what may be termed "leakage" of the hot gases to permeate and fill the said
corners.
The position of these openings is indicated by stars in Fig: 4 of Sheet I.
In conclusion I would remark that the Invention by a mere duplication or
repetition of parts, may be applied to a range having a boiler at one side and an
oven on the other side of the fire box, or to ranges with various combinations of
ovens and boilers.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. Constructing and fitting kitchen ranges or cooking stoves with divisions or
partitions in the manner described with reference to the Drawings, for the
purpose of dividing the gases of combustion into separate streams and causing
them to travel through passages or chambers, in contact with the top, bottom, sides
and back of the oven (or it might be a boiler) before passing off by the flue,
whereby I effect an economy in fuel and secure the practically uniform beating of
the said oven or boiler as set forth.
2. In a cooking stove or range-the combination of the fire box A, oven or
boiler B and hot plate C, of the partitions or divisions a, b, forming chambers or
passages around and beneath the said oven or boiler substantially as described

page_text: with reference to the Drawings, for the purpose of effecting the economical and
equable distribution of heat.
3. The adaptation to cooking ranges or stoves, of hot air channels or passages
arranged in separate sets below the oven, substantially as described with reference
to the Drawings, each set. being supplied through a separate passage or channel,
with a stream of heated gases of combustion proceeding from the fire box, and
opening into a common chamber in rear of the oven in connection with the flue
as and for the purpose set forth.