IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED WHEN TILLING OR WORKING LAND BY STEAK POWER
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Willian Campain, of Deeping St.
Nicholas, Spalding, Lincoln, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS TO BE USED WHEN TILLING OR WORKING LAND BY STEAK
POWER."
Sealed the 7th May 1869, and dated the 16th November 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel William
Campain at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 16th November 1868.
I, SAMUEL WILLIAM CAMPAIN, of Deeping St. Nicholas, Spalding,
Lincoln, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED WHEN TILLING OR WORKING LAND BY
STEAM POWER," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus to be used
when tilling or working land by steam power. The rope passing from
the winding mechanism actuated by the steam engine is now when it is
required to change its direction through a right angle caused to pass
around a pulley, and this pulley has sometimes been carried by an
anchored carriage. According to my Invention I provide the anchor

page_text: carriage with a revolving anchor to restrain its forward motion. This
anchor consists of an axis mounted on the carriage, and having tines or
teeth projecting into the ground. On the axis there is a ratchet wheel,
into the teeth of which a stop enters and holds the axis so long as it is
not desired that the carriage should move forward; but when a forward
movement is required, the stop is lifted by a hand lever, and then the
anchor carriage draws forward freely until such time as the stop comes
to the next tooth of ratchet and again locks the axis with the tines or
teeth upon it. The tines or teeth are arranged so that they may be
adjusted to project more or less from the axis according to the degree of
resistance desired. I arrange the front wheels of the anchor carriage to
be steered by means of a hand lever centred to the carriage and linked
by a connecting rod with the axis of the leading wheels near their outer
end, so that by means of the lever the axis of the wheels can be turned
about the centre or perch pin on which it is mounted. In some cases in
place of the revolving axis with tines upon it I employ tines mounted
on or linked to the carriage and capable of being raised and lowered
by a lever or other suitable contrivance; they are raised when a forward
motion is required, and lowered when the carriage is to be fixed in
position. The wheels of the anchor carriage I make of a spur-like form
with radial spikes which as the carriage moves forward penetrate the
land and prevent the carriage moving sideways with the strain which
comes upon it. In some cases in place of mounting the carriage on
wheels, I provide it with side plates of semicircular or other form
cutting into the land. I prefer to make the side plates of semicircular
form, but mounted excentrically on the axis and arranged so that by
turning the plate partly round it may be made to enter the ground to a
greater or less depth as the state of the land may require.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Samuel William Campain in the Great Seal Patent 30
Office on the 15th May 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
WILLIAM CAMPAIN, of Deeping St. Nicholas, Spalding, Lincoln, send
greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Samuel William Campain, Her
special licence that I, the said Samuel William Campain, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Samuel William
Campain, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED WHEN TILLING OR WORKING LAND BY
STEAM POWER," upon the condition (amongst others), that I, the said
Samuel William Campain, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my or their or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel William Campain, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus to be
used when tilling or working land by steam power. The rope passing
from the winding mechanism actuated by the steam engine is now when
it is required to change its direction through a right angle caused to pass
around a pulley, and this pulley has sometimes been carried by an
anchored carriage. According to my Invention I provide the anchor
carriage with a revolving anchor to restrain its forward motion. This
anchor consists of an axis mounted on the carriage and having tines or
teeth projecting into the ground. On the axis there is a ratchet wheel
into the teeth of which a stop enters and holds the axis so long as it is
not desired that the carriage should move forward; but when a forward
movement is required the stop is lifted by a hand lever, and then the
anchor carriage draws forward freely until such time as the stop comes

page_text: to the next tooth of ratchet and again locks the axis with the tines or
teeth upon it. The tines or teeth are arranged so that they may be
adjusted to project more or less from the axis according to the degree
of resistance desired. I arrange the front wheels of the anchor carriage
to be steered by means of a hand lever centred to the carriage and linked
by a connecting rod with the axis of the leading wheels near their
outer end, so that by means of the lever the axis of the wheels can'
be turned about the centre or perch pin on which it is mounted. The
wheels of the anchor carriage I make of a spur like form with radial
spikes which as the carriage moves forward penetrate the land and
prevent the carriage moving sideways with the strain which comes
upon it.
In the Drawing hereunto annexed Figure 1 shows a plan view,
Figure 2 a side view, and Figure 3 an end view of an anchor carriage
arranged as above described.
When this stop engages with one
a is the pulley mounted on bearings on a frame 6 which is supported
on wheels c, c. These wheels have radial spikes c³ projecting out from
them which penetrate into the land and prevent the carriage moving
sideways with the strain that comes upon it; d is a case carried by the
frame b into which stones or other weights may be placed to cause the
spikes c¹ to enter the ground and to keep the carriage from tilting; e is
the axis of the revolving anchor which is to restrain the forward motion
of the pulley carriage; f, f, are the tines or teeth carried by this axis,
and g is the ratchet wheel also fixed upon it; h is a lever stop working
with the teeth of the ratchet wheel.
or other of the teeth of the ratchet wheel g the axis e is unable to
revolve, but when the lever stop is lifted to disengage it from the ratchet
wheel the axis is free to revolve and allow the pulley carriage to move
forward. As before stated, the tines or teeth are by preference so con-
nected to the axis that they can be caused to project more or less from it,
and for this purpose I connect them to the axis by passing their stems
through slots in clips k which embrace three sides of the shaft whilst
the stems of the tines or teeth are drawn against the fourth side of
shaft by screws screwing through the clips and bearing against the
shaft, as shown by the Drawing. By slacking off the screws the stems
of the tines or teeth can be set free and they can then be set so as to
project more or less from their axis and be again fixed by screwing
up the screws 1.
When working with an anchor pulley carriage such

page_text: as above described the boy in charge of it has merely to hold up the
lever catch h at the commencement of each bout. When the plough or
cultivating implement which in the previous bout had been drawn up
towards it is being hauled away from it, the strain on the rope which
passes around the pulley a on the carriage and which is then the trailing
rope will then in most cases be sufficient to cause the anchor carriage to
move forward; if this strain is not sufficient the anchor carriage will
move forward so soon as the rope which passes around the pulley
is being used as a hauling rope to draw the implement towards the pulley
carriage, and the carriage will move forward until the next tooth of the
ratchet wheel g comes against the tooth of the lever catch h, the axle e
will then be stopped from rotating, and the tines standing out from it and
entering the ground will prevent any further forward movement of the
carriage until the axle e is again allowed to turn.
My improved arrangement for giving motion to the steering wheels
of travelling anchor pulley carriages is also shown at Figures 1, 2,
and 3 of the Drawing. * is a hand lever centred on the rear axle of
the carriage to a crank or bend; in this lever handle near its fulcrum
is jointed a connecting rod * which at its opposite end is connected to
the axle of the leading pair of wheels, which axle is made capable of
turning about a perch pin as is usual; by this arrangement the angle at
which the axle of the steering pair of wheels is set can very quickly be
altered by raising or lowering the end of the hand lever k*, and the lever.
can then be locked in the desired position by a pin passed through holes
in a fixed segment plate m, as shown by the Drawing.
What I claim as regards this part of my Invention is, the combining
with an anchor pulley carriage a revolving anchor to control and restrain
the forward motion of the pulley carriage, the revolving of the anchor
being controlled by a suitable stop as herein described; I also claim the
giving a locking motion to the axle of the steering wheels of anchor
pulley carriages by means of a connecting rod and hand lever as herein
described.
In some cases in place of mounting the pulley carriage on spiked
wheels as above described, I provide it according to my Invention with
5 side plates of semicircular or other form cutting into the land. I prefer
to make the side plates of semicircular form but mounted eccentrically
on the axis and arranged so that by turning the plate partly round it
may be made to enter the ground to a greater or less depth as the state

page_text: of the land may require. A mode in which side plates may thus be
carried by the axles of the wheels is shown at Figures 4. The portion of
the axles upon which these plates are carried are made of a polygonal
form and a corresponding hole is formed through the plate. A wheel
running loosely on the axle is placed on each side of the plate as shown.
If it be desired to vary the extent to which the plate enters into the
ground the outer wheel can be taken off, and the plate can then be set
in a different position on the axle so that it shall enter either more or
less into the ground as desired.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel William Campain, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of May
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine.
SAMUEL WILLIAM CAMPAIN. (L.S.)