Improvements in and relating to Electric Motors, chiefly designed for use in connection with Ventilating Fans.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Aug., 1891-Accepted, 10th Oct., 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Electric Motors, chiefly designed
for use in connection with Ventilating Fans.
I, CHARLES JACOB KINTNER, of 45 Broadway, New York, United States of
America, Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates particularly to electric motors for use in connection with
ventilating fans, although many of the details of construction hereinafter described
are clearly applicable to electric motors or dynamo machines under varying
conditions and uses.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 is a side elevational view of the entire apparatus, shown partly in
section.
Figure 2, is a detail view of a modified form of the cut-out apparatus.
Figure 3, is a side elevational view of one of my improved forms of motors, with
my improved means of adjustment and regulation for commutator brushes.
Figure 4 is a detail plan view of the commutator regulating apparatus.
M M represent the field magnet coils C C' represent the field magnet cores
made in two parts secured together by bolts and nuts N. A is the armature
carried by the shaft B, having vertical movement in a long journal bearing,
provided with an oil cup D at its upper end. Qis a non-magnetic yoke which
supports the armature and its attached fan when the motor is not operating, said
parts being supported on this yoke Q by a bearing R. K is a sleeve made of
insulating material loosely journalled on the lower end of the shaft B. T represents
the commutator strips, which are normally out of circuit with the pivoted
brushes B B2, carried by arms insulated from the field cores and provided with
binding posts B3 B4, said commutator brushes having spiral springs s, which
normally tend to force them against an insulating ring, as clearly shown in
Figure 1.
The motor shown in Figure 1, is of series wound form, and the circuit is
normally broken at the armature by the insulating ring upon which the
brushes B B² rest.
When it is desired to set the fan in motion the attendant grasps the sleeve K
and forces the shaft B into its uppermost position, so that the commutator
brushes B B2 are brought into contact with the commutator strips T.
Immediately the current is set up through the armature and the field coils and
the magnetic effect of the cores C C¹ upon the iron core of the armature A,
together with the lifting effect of the fans, is such as to retain the armature and all
of its attached parts in an operative position, so that the attendant may now release
his hold of the sleeve K, and the armature will continue to maintain this position
until it is pulled down by again grasping the sleeve K. Should there be an increase
of current through the motor, it will immediately regulate itself by the lifting
effect of the fan which tends to lift the armature out of the field, the counter-
acting magnetic effect of the field cores upon the armature tending to act in turn as
a brake thereon.
It will thus be seen that by reason of the fact that the armature A and its
attached parts are carried suspended in the air, I am enabled to overcome approxi-
mately all of the friction which would result from the weight of said parts were they
allowed to rest upon their journal bearings.
I also afford, by the attraction between the field cores and the armature together
with the lifting effect of the fan blades, a simple and efficient method and means of

page_text: regulation for the motor, thereby combining a method of cutting the same out of
and into circuit without the addition of any apparatus other than is found in
existing types of motors. In other words, cause the well known parts of existing
forms of motors to be so arranged as to effectually regulate the speed of the motor,
and at the same time overcome a very large proportion of the friction due to the
moving parts.
In the modified form of cut-out apparatus shown in Figure 2, the brushes B' B
are caused to rest upon a conducting ring V when the armature is in its lowermost
position, so that the current is short-circuited around the armature, the brushes B¹ B³
being of sufficient width to bridge the insulating space U between the ring V and
the commutator strips T, in order to prevent any break in the circuit during the
time that the motor is either being cut out of or into circuit, the object of this
arrangement being to adapt motors of this type for use in series circuits.
In Figure 3, I disclose my improved form of commutator brush holding and
adjusting device, in which a is a collar of insulating material held in position by a
disc, the latter being secured to the field yoke by screws y y the brush holders
being secured in said insulating ring, as clearly shown.
C
=
The collar is adapted, as shown, to rotate around the fixed disc and carries a
gear wheel w on its outer rim which meshes with a worm on the end of a thumb
shaft t, the latter being secured to the field magnet yoke by a standard u.
The operation of the apparatus is apparent, it being understood that by the
rotation of the thumb shaft t, the brushes are caused to rotate around the armature
shaft and to assume any desired position in relation to the commutator strips.
It is also obvious that any other force than that of gravity might be used for
giving to the armature shaft a longitudinal motion against the force of magnetism
developed between the field magnet and the armature core, should it be desired to
operate the motor in any other than a vertical position; such a device, for instance,
as a spring acting against the free end of the armature shaft.
I prefer, however, the form shown and described in connection with Figures 1
and 3 of the drawings.
Where motors are used in multiple circuits I prefer to use the absolute_cut-out
principle illustrated in Figure 1, and where they are used in series circuits I prefer
to use the shunting principle disclosed in Figure 2.
I do not limit myself to the specific constructions herein shown and described for
carrying out the principle which I believe to be novel with me; namely, that of
diminishing the friction of the rotary parts in electric motors, and my claims are
directed broadly to apparatus by which this principle may be carried into
effectual use.
I am aware that electric motors have heretofore been devised in which the
armature is withdrawn from and inserted into the magnetic field and that methods
of regulation have been utilized by carrying into effect this principle, and I make
no claim broadly therefore, to the application of the principle of regulating by
withdrawing and inserting the armature in the magnetic field.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
First. The method of diminishing friction between the rotary and fixed parts of
an electric motor, consisting in causing the magnetism developed in the field magnets
and the work done by the motor to act conjointly against the force of gravity on
the rotary part, and to thereby hold it off its lower end journal bearing, substantially
as described.
Second. An electric motor, having its armature normally out of circuit and its
axle supported in sliding journal bearings, in combination with a pair of commutator
brushes resting out of contact with the commutator, substantially as described.
Third. An electric motor having an armature adapted to slide into and out of
the most effective portion of its magnetic field, in combination with a pair of

page_text: commutator brushes resting normally out of circuit with the commutator but
adapted to contact therewith as the armature is moved into the effective field,
substantially as described.
Fourth. In an electric motor an armature having longitudinal motion on its
journal bearings, and a pair of commutator brushes resting normally out of contact
with the commutator but in alignment therewith, substantially as described.
Fifth. In an electric motor, an armature having longitudinal sliding motion; a
pair of commutator brushes resting normally out of contact with the commutator,
but in alignment therewith, and means substantially as described for adjusting the
brushes with relation to the lead.
Sixth. A pair of pivoted comniutator brushes located in alignment with the
commutator strips and resting normally out of contact therewith, in combination
with means for adjusting said brushes relative to the lead, substantially as described.
Seventh. A pair of commutator brushes having their contacting ends resting
normally on an insulating ring borne by the armature shaft, in combination with
means for bringing them into contact with the commutator, and additional means
for adjusting them with relation to the lead, substantially as described.
Eighth. In an electric motor, an armature carried by a shaft having longitudinal
sliding motion and provided with a handle or sleeve for shifting the position thereof,
substantially as described.
Ninth. In an electric motor an armature having sliding motion in its journal
bearings, in combination with a conducting ring in alignment with the commutator
strips and against which the commutator brushes are adapted to contact when the
armature is drawn out of the effective magnetic field, so that the current is short
circuited between the brushes and the ring, substantially as described.
Dated this 18th day of August 1891.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.