IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO MAGNETS AND IN ELECTRO DYNAMO MACHINES CON- STRUCTED THEREWITH
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Griffith Brewer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th December 1882.
Communicated to him from abroad. by 'Auguste Louis Bonnefils of Paris
France
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EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER of 33 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO MAGNETS AND IN ELECTRO DYNAMO MACHINES CON-
STRUCTED THEREWITH" (A Communication to me from abroad by Auguste Louis
Bonnefils of Paris France)
This Invention refers to the construction and employment of electro magnets of
a spherical or spheroidal form, "a magnetic sphere," and in the application of these
magnetic spheres or spheroids to the construction of ordinary induction machines
combining them with other forms of known electro magnets either as a magnetic
fixed or movable sphere excited by ordinary electro magnets or as a hollow magnetic
sphere exciting other kinds of bobbins placed inside the sphere or as a hollow
magnetic sphere exciting another magnetic sphere.
According to this invention the electro magnets are made with a spherical core
of cast or other iron according to circumstances hollow or not on which a wire or
wires covered with some suitable insulating material is wound spirally always in
the same direction starting from one side to the other. If an electric current is
passed into the wire or into one of these wires this sphere becomes an electro
magnetic sphere as an ordinary electro magnet having two poles each situate,
opposite one end of the wire of the helix
In constructing according to this Invention an electro magnetic machine; a
magnetic sphere with two poles either a cast iron sphere movable between two
divided poles or an ordinary electro magnet or of a horse shoe magnet form This
sphere is bored through its diameter for its axis on which it rotates between the
two poles of the induction electro magnet.
Perpendicular to this axis and following a line passing through the centre of the .
sphere two cylindrical holes are bored in which pass the two free ends of the helix
of copper wire insulated wound spirally round the sphere as on an ordinary electro
magnet. The two ends of the wire pass off to each side. from the axis and join

page_text: outside the sphere with two plates on this axis insulated from one another and
acting as contacts to the friction springs of the commutator. The sphere turns
say from left to right according as the left pole of the sphere becomes distanced
from the north pole of the horseshoe, a certain current is developed in the
determined direction and this current remains in the same direction while the said
left pole of the sphere goes from the north pole to the south pole of the horseshoe
because the approach to the south pole has the same influence on the said left pole
of the sphere as the going away from the north pole of the horseshoe and these
two effects are concurrent.
During the second half revolution of the said left pole of the sphere which
becomes distanced from the south and approaches the north pole the current is
generated in the same manner only it is inverse from that during the first half of
the movement
The commutator should be combined so as to collect
1. The currents produced in the helix of the sphere by the distancing and
approaching of the poles
2. The currents produced in the spirals of the helix during this passage by the
north and south poles of the horseshoe inductor.
In order to increase the induction effects any suitable number of helices may be
placed on the sphere. On the first can be wound in the same direction a second,
on this second a third and so on in such manner that the poles of each helix that
is to say the ends of all the wires follow the prolongation of the same diameter.
A magnetic sphere with two poles. and several wires is thus obtained. If the
wires of the helices are wound so that each end of the helix forms a pole one
placed at the side of the other a magnetic sphere with several poles is obtained.
In a magnetic sphere with several poles the wire of the first helix that is that
which is in immediate contact with the sphere is wound in spirals closely pressed
around one sphere and forms two poles. The two free ends of this wire are brought
to the interior of the second sphere.
The second helix covering the first is placed in a direction perpendicular to this
but wound in the same direction and the ends of the wires go into the interior of
the sphere and as well as all the other poles are placed at the side of one another
in the same plane dividing the sphere into two equal parts perpendicular to its
axis-the third covering the second and so on. The wire ends from the interior of
the sphere being insulated from one another are rejoined at the exterior and
form contacts which allow these elements of the helix to be united. In tension
if the helices are connected one to the continuation of the other: in quantity if two
or more groups of helices are connected together. Friction springs abutting on the
points of junction of these wires are intended to collect the continuous current and
to conduct it into any suitable electric receiver.
Electro magnetic hollow spheres with two or several poles may be employed as
induction electro magnets for bobbins, spheres, rings cylinders, turning in their
interior and these spheres are intended to supersede or replace the electro-magnets
heretofore used.
The spherical hollow core is composed of two iron caps united at their base on
which insulated wire is wound as usual; in the inside of a sphere thus made two
magnetic poles are obtained and a neutral line. The operation of these electro
inductors is simple. Or the hollow magnetic sphere may be fixed on a bed and in
the interior of this sphere and accurately fitting its interior there is an iron disc
not very thick, this disc is supported on an axis which passes through it in the
direction of its length and allows it to have a rotary motion in the interior of this
sphere without friction against the sides. This axis is provided on the exterior of
the sphere with a commutator which serves to open or close the circuit of the sphere
and is supported by two pedestals fixed on the bed-plate.
If an electric current is passed through the wires which envelope the sphere
it will form two magnetic poles both acting by attraction on the upper and lower
parts of the iron disc; this disc then revolves, say from right to left, at the moment

page_text: that it arrives in front of the poles the commutator breaks the current the
magnetization ceases and the disc by the speed it has acquired continues its
rotation until it has passed the neutral line at which moment a new current
magnetizes the sphere and the motion is continued.
Substituting for the flat disc a magnetic sphere as that described and combining
with it the current which goes through the spirals of the internal sphere with that
of the external still more advantageous results are obtained.
The form of the spheres, or spheroids may be somewhat modified or they may be
solid for example and suitably operated by the rotation of any suitable surface
whether to increase the magnetic power or to excite coverings of any special form.
Holes, slots or grooves may be formed in the spheres or on their surface with the
view of rendering more rapid the magnetizing or demagnetizing.
The principal advantages resulting from this Invention are as follows.
1. All the iron is covered with inducting or induced wire.
2. No part of the wire is submitted to the inductive action of the electro magnet
inductor.
2 All the maomatism in naaand.
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