matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PIVOTING ARTIFICIAL TEETH
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Coghlan at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th August 1855.
I, JOHN COGHLAN, of Wexford, in the County of Wexford, Ireland, M.D.,.
Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, &c., do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PIVOTING
ARTIFICIAL TEETH " to be as follows:-
My Invention of an Improved Method of Pivoting Artificial Teeth consists.
in the use of a capillary tube in lieu of the solid wire now used for that pur-
pose. The advantage gained by my Invention is, that the column of air
necessarily contained in the canal of the prepared stump of the tooth has an
easy means of escape, and is not injected into the living tissues, as is so often
the case in fixing the solid pivot. With this capillary tube a tooth may be at
once pivoted tightly without any disturbance of the living parts, and conse-
quently with an enormously diminished risk of alveolar abcess.
This method applies to the pivoting of all artificial teeth, and is perfectly
new, and in the case of old secreting stumps of teeth it affords a ready mode
of giving exit to the secretion. The capillary tube may be so small as not
appreciably to diminish the strength of the wire, or interfere with bending
it in adapting the tooth to its proper position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES, AND IN THE METHOD OF USING THE SAME
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Wrigley and Jacob Norcliffe
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 10th December 1855.
We, JOSEPH WRIGLEY, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Manufac-
turer, and JACOB NORCLIFFE, of the same Place, Overlooker, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES, AND IN THE
METHOD OF USING THE SAME " to be as follows:-
Instead of the ordinary shuttle with one peg to hold the cop, we propose to
have a peg at each end of the shuttle, by which we are enabled to use two
cops at the same time, and thus weave two picks at once. We bring the two
ends of weft either through the same eye, or make two eyes for the purpose.
The latter plan will be preferable, as it will prevent the two ends becoming
entangled.
AN APPARATUS FOR CLEANSING ROOMS OR OTHER SPACES
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gedge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th May 1855.-
A communication.
JOHN GEDGE, of No. 4, Wellington Street South, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN APPARATUS FOR CLEANSING ROOMS OR OTHER SPACES," communicated
to me by J. N. Truchelut, of Bésançon, to be as follows:-
The cleanliness of habitations for mankind is one of the first considerations
as regards health, and it is conceived that any facility given to the operation
of cleansing or scouring apartments must prove beneficial. At present floors
are scrubbed by handbruch, and the dirty water wiped up with cloths which
are wrung out, the operator kneeling during the operation. I propose to
make an apparatus which shall effectually obviate the necessity of kneeling or
cleaning by cloths as stated. It will consist on one side of a brush with a
handle of sufficient length; on the other the absorber will be made, consisting
of, first, a back of metal; second, of three cylinders and a roller of wood;
third, of a piece of woollen stuff; and, fourthly, of a metallic receiver. On
the cylinders will be placed the woollen cloth; the centre cylinder will be a
fixture; the outer rolling, and capable of adaption to the corners or inequalities

page_text: of the surface of the area. By pressure on the floor, after the brush has
done its office, the cloth will sponge up the water and pass it into the
receiver, which is intended to hold about from two three pints of water, and
can be emptied at pleasure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASES OR COVERINGS FOR EXPLOSIVE SUBSTANCES OR COMPOUNDS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Bursill at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
January 1855.
I, GEORGE HENRY BURSILL, of Ranelagh Road, Thames Bank, Pimlico,
Engineer & Assayer of Minerals, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASES OR COVERINGS FOR EXPLOSIVE SUBSTANCES
OR COMPOUNDS " to be as follows:-
My improvements in cases or coverings for explosive substances or com-
pounds, such as gunpowder or gun cotton, consists in preparing or constructing
them of paper combined with material to protect their contents from damp
or wet. For this purpose, I use paper in combination with gutta percha or
caoutchouc, or with asphaltum, or other waterproof varnish or material, which
will render the cases or coverings impervious to wet or moisture. By pre-
ference, I cement two thin sheets of paper together with the waterproof
material between them, of which combined sheets I form the case or cartridge,
which will present the appearance of the ordinary cartridge case, the water-
proof material being concealed between the layers of paper. The waterproof
material may be applied to the case or covering externally or internally with
similar effect.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILER FURNACES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Barrans at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th October
1855.
I, JOSEPH BARRANS, of Deptford, in the County of Kent, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
BOILER FURNACES" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a peculiar combination of parts of the furnaces of
a steam boiler, where the products of one fire are caused to pass to and amongst
a second fire. For this purpose the fire box of a steam boiler is divided into
two compartments, one above the other, either by a water space perforated
with tubular spaces for the passage of the products of combustion from the
lower fire up to and amongst the fire above; or, in place of a water space,
hollow bars or water spaces with openings between them may be used for the
passage of the products of combustion between them from the lower fire to
the upper fire. Over the water space or spaces a second or upper set of fire
bars is arranged, on which a second fire is formed; these second fire bars
by preference, of fire clay, and made several together. At the back part of the
upper fire is a bridge or partition of fire clay perforated with numerous
openings, and at the back or beyond such bridge are the tubular flues of the
boiler. Air is admitted to the upper and lower fire compartments, and also to
mix with the products of combustion passing from the lower to the upper fire.
A NEW AND IMPROVED FABRIC OR FABRICS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND BUTTONS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Hackett, of Derby, in the County of Derby,
Manufacturer, for the Invention of "A NEW AND IMPROVED FABRIC OR
FABRICS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND BUTTONS, AND
FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
Sealed the 14th August 1855, and dated the 17th February 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Hackett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
17th February 1855.
I, JOHN HACKETT, of Derby, in the County of Derby, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW AND IMPROVED
FABRIC OR FABRICS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND BUTTONS,
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the employment of a new and improved fabric
or fabrics in the manufacture of umbrellas, parasols and buttons, or for other
purposes.
The fabrics I use, and which I claim, are, first, one fabric composed of
at least two-thirds of the warp threads and at least two-thirds of the weft
threads of doubled and twisted two-thread cotton.

page_text: Secondly, I use at least two-thirds of the warp threads of doubled and
twisted cotton, and two-thirds of the weft threads of doubled and twisted
worsted, or I use the same alternating each.
Thirdly, I use at least two-thirds of the warp threads of doubled and
twisted cotton, and at least two-thirds of the weft threads of doubled and
twisted mohair, or I use the same materials alternating each.
Fourthly, I use at least two-thirds of the warp threads and at least two-
thirds of the weft threads of doubled and twisted mohair, or I use at least
two-thirds of the warp threads and at least two-thirds of the weft threads of
doubled and twisted worsted.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis McKenna at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th April 1855.
I, FRANCIS MCKENNA, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Manager,
do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING" to be as follows:-
My improvements relate particularly to the taking-up motion of power
looms, by which the woven material is wound upon the cloth roller or beam.
In the first place, I dispense with the upper or "sand roller," and in lieu
thereof employ a lever, one end of which presses beneath and upon the fabric
of the cloth or winding-on roller; the other end is worked from a cam, or
other mechanical equivalent, secured upon the tappet shaft. In connection with
this lever is a second lever, placed at right angles with the first described, and
receiving from it an up and down motion, similar to its own. The one end of
the second lever carries a click, which working in a ratchet wheel causes the
partial revolution of a worm on the same shaft, and through it of a worm
wheel secured to the winding-on roller. As the diameter of the cloth on the
"winding-on" roller encreases, the end of the first lever beneath it becomes
gradually depressed, thus lessening the number of teeth of the click wheel

page_text: taken up by the click upon the second lever, and necessarily graduating pro-
portionately through the worm and worm wheel the revolutions of the "winding-
"roller. By this arrangement the first or working lever becomes likewise
self-regulating upon the taking-up motion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER BY THE AID OF EXPLOSIVE GASES
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henri Marquis de Balestrino, of Genoa, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER BY THE AID OF
EXPLOSIVE GASES."-A communication.
Sealed the 30th October 1855, and dated the 7th May 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henri Marquis de
Balestrino at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 7th May 1855.
I IIENRI Marquis DE BALESTRINO of Genoa do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER BY THE
AID OF EXPLOSIVE GASES" to be as follows
The Invention which forms the subject of the present application is intended
to present the same advantages as the steam engine with an economy of space,
inasmuch as no boiler is required for generating the motive power. From the
trials already made, it is proved that by inserting alternately at each end of the
cylinder containing a piston, a small quantity of mixed gases and exploding
the same by means of a current of electricity, from a galvanic battery, the
piston will be driven alternately from end to end of the cylinder.
The mixture proposed to be used is pure hydrogen 1 part to 7 parts of
13236.-2.

page_text: atmospheric air; the quantity of the mixed gases may be varied according to
the required force by means of cut-off valves placed at each end of the cylinder.
By this means an entirely noiseless explosion is obtained, which is completely
harmless in its effects, and in no way comparable to the explosive action of
pure oxygen and hydrogen and still less to the explosion of gunpowder. The
means of making this combination is most simple, viz: at each end of the
cylinder two openings are provided, one of which serves to introduce the gas,
and the other by means of a sucker receives the atmospheric air, and at the
instant of the explosion, the expansive force of the gases shuts the said sucker
while the entry of the gas is excluded by the closing of the inlet valve, which
is actuated by the power of the engine.
In order to determine the relative proportions, of the mixed gases, two cocks
are placed, one across the gas conductor, the other outside the sucker, which
are regulated according to the explosive force required. The hydrogen gas
may be obtained by any of the well-known methods. The manufacture of
the gas it is proposed shall proceed at a rate proportionate to the con-
sumption of the same in the engine to avoid the risk of a premature explosion.
A suitable arrangement of mechanism is employed for making and breaking
the electric circuit and thereby ensuring the explosion of the gases imme-
diately the supply is cut off from the cylinder.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES, APPLICABLE IN PART TO MARINE AND STATIONARY ENGINES
Year: 1855

page_text: receive
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Anthony Dugdale at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th November
1855.
I, ANTHONY DUGDALE, of Rue Ponthieu, Paris, in the Empire of France,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES, APPLICABLE IN PART TO
MARINE AND STATIONARY ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, to a novel mode of stopping or retarding the progress
of locomotive steam engines. In effecting this object, I convert the steam
from a propelling to a resisting medium, and thereby suddenly present an elastic
obstruction to the advancing piston in the steam cylinder. Over the steam
ports of the working cylinder I apply a slide valve, composed of iron and steel
plates attached together, the steel face being to receive the ordinary brass cut-
off and supply valve, and the iron face lying close to the planed face of the
steam ports. This intermediate valve I so arrange, that when the break is
required to be put into action it shall slide on its seat, and intercept the
passage of the steam to the exhausted side of the piston, and permit the steam
to be supplied to the opposite side. A cushion of steam will thus be opposed
to the advancing piston, and if displaced by the impetus of the engine acting
on the piston, a similar obstruction will then be offered to the other side of the

page_text: piston as it advances, and so on until the action of the engine is suspended.
This composite valve I also propose to apply to steam engines generally,
using it merely as a valve seat, which, when worn may be readily replaced
and at little cost.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDING ON IN CERTAIN MACHINES FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters atent was not given
by the Act.)
CILO
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Knowles at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th November
1855.
I, ROBERT KNOWLES, of Chorlton-upon-Medlock, in the County of Lan-
caster, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDING ON IN CERTAIN MACHINES FOR SPINNING COTTON AND
OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS" to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to the winding-on mechanism of self-acting mules
and machines of the like nature, in which are comprized a radial arm and
a winding-on barrel, with an intervening cord or chain attached thereto
respectively.
My improvements consist, first, in a new method of making the rotatory
motion of the winding-on barrel, while the carriage is running in, instrumental
in moving the point of attachment of the cord or chain to the radial arm;
and, secondly, in making the changes in the position of such point of attach-
ment produce their effects more promptly.
The first of these improvements is effected by fixing upon the axis of the
said barrel, or upon some convenient part of the machine deriving rotatory
motion from the said barrel, a pulley, cog wheel, catch box, or other suitable
agent, which by simple connecting apparatus is made, as occasion may require,

page_text: to act upon the strap, cord, or chain, or other mechanical agent, which turns
the screw of the radial arm, and thereby changes the position of the point of
attachment of the winding-on cord or chain thereto.
The second improvement is effected by applying to the cord or chain of the
winding-on barrel an arrangement of fixed and moveable pullies, so as to
multiply the ordinary effect produced upon such cord or chain, by changing the
position of its point of attachment to the radial arm.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BAYONET SCABBARDS, SWORD SCABBARDS, PISTOL CASES, AND HOLSTERS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Addison and Duncan Sinclair
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
11th April 1855.
We, JOHN ADDISON, of No. 23, Basinghall Street, in the City of London,
Captain in the Honble. E. I. C° Service, and DUNCAN SINCLAIR, of No. 122,
Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
BAYONET SCABBARDS, SWORD SCABBARDS, PISTOL CASES, AND HOLSTERS," to be as
follows:-
Instead of using leather we make use of gutta percha, which enables us to
manufacture the above articles without a seam and at much less cost.
AN IMPROVED PRECAUTIONARY KEEL, TO BE APPLIED TO VESSELS WHEN IN SHALLOW WATER, OR OTHER DIFFICULT NAVIGATION
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Buckworth Powell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th January 1855.
I, HENRY BUCKWORTH POWELL, of Foxleaze Park, Lyndhurst, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PRECAUTIONARY
KEEL, TO BE APPLIED TO VESSELS WHEN IN SHALLOW WATER, OR OTHER DIFFICULT
NAVIGATION," to be as follows:-—
The Drawing accompanying this Specification represents the improved pre-
cautionary keel to be applied to vessels when in shallow water or other difficult
navigation. It consists of a strong frame A, A, of the same length as the keel
of the vessel, and firmly bolted at the parts B, B, to the stem and stern post.
The frame is made in lengths, so as to be readily taken apart, and sufficiently
deep to extend two or more feet below the keel. At the joints C, C, the frame
is made to turn upon the bolts which unite the parts. Ropes or chains are
secured to the eyes D, D, upon both sides of the frame, and carried through
stancheons fitted to the bulwarks upon deck. The precautionary keel will
first touch the ground, and thus by giving notice protect the vessel, and by
hauling upon the ropes or chains, the frame may be drawn from under the
vessel, which will then be afloat, and may be backed off into deeper water..
I reserve a right to vary the details of my Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF GAS-HOLDERS OR GASO- METERS
Year: 1855

page_text: rece
Irotection,
notice proceed
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Joseph Morton at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd March 1855.
I, HENRY JOSEPHI MORTON, of Leeds, in the County of York, Galvanized
Iron Merchant and Contractor, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF GAS-HOLDERS OR GASO-
METERS" to be as follows:-
It consists in the application or employment of corrugated sheets of iron,
zinc, copper, tin, galvanized iron, or galvanized tinned iron, or other suitable
corrugated metal, for the purpose of forming and constructing gas-holders or
gasometers (instead of the present mode of constructing them of plain or flat
sheets of iron or other metal), whereby a considerable saving in weight and
cost is effected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPROPRIATING CERTAIN PUBLIC ERECTIONS FOR ADVERTIZING PURPOSES
Year: 1855

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Bachhoffner at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th August 1855.
I, GEORGE HENRY BACHHOFFNER, of Upper Montague Street, Montague
Square, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPROPRIATING CERTAIN PUBLIC ERECTIONS
FOR ADVERTIZING PURPOSES" to be as follows:-
My improvements in appropriating certain public erections for advertizing
purposes consist in the application of suitable surfaces to the ordinary cast-iron
street lamp posts, or other round cast-iron street posts, on which to place bills,
placards, or other notices. To do this, I place suitable rectangular casings
of iron or other material around the post, having suitable pannels or com-
partments in which to exhibit the bills or placards to be posted. These
casings being properly fixed to the posts would be uniform in appearance,
and may be more or less ornamental.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WINDING AND DOUBLING SILK
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Lomas at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th January
1855.
I, SAMUEL LOMAS, of the City of Manchester, Machinist, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WINDING
AND DOUBLING SILK," to be as follows:-
My improvements in winding machines consist in an improved mode of
constructing the swifts on which skeins of silk are distended. I connect the
sticks of the swift by a piece of leather or other suitable material, to which is
attached a spring of whalebone or other material to hold the skein to the right
diameter; by this means the wooden cross bars and tightening strings are
dispensed with, and the waste of the silk is diminished. My improvements in
machines for doubling consist in a double detector, by means of which the
bobbin on which the silk is being wound is stopped when the silk is either too
thin or too thick. In order to detect the silk when too thin, I cause it to pass
round or over a friction roller; the weight of this roller is such that it is turned
round by the silk as long as the said silk is strong enough to move it, but
when a thin part occurs in the silk it breaks, thereby allowing the lever eye to
drop, and stopping the bobbin. The second detector consists of a rail and a
top plate, the distance between which is regulated to allow the thread to pass;

page_text: if the thread is too thick to pass between the top plate and the rail, the thread
breaks, thereby allowing the lever eye to drop, and stopping the bobbin as
before. By means of this double detector the thread is kept more uniform
than heretofore, and the warp picking is in a great measure superseded.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING CASKS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Booty Cousens at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
September 1855.
I, ROBERT BOOTY COUSENS, of 50, Halliford Street, Islington, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING CASKS " to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of ma-
chinery or apparatus for curving & setting the staves of casks before being
trussed, & consists in the employment of a pair of suitably formed curving or
bending rollers working in cast-iron side standards, and driven by separate
driving bands & gearing of their own, in order to allow them to move slightly
towards or from each other, according to the varying thickness of the stave.
The upper roller is weighted, & the lower one is set up by a screw, spindle, or
other suitable arrangement. Another pair of bending rollers is also carried
by the standards of the machine, & situated one in front of, & the other
behind, the central bending rollers herein-before referred to.
The upper
surfaces of both the front & back bending rollers are slightly above the contact
surfaces of the central binding rollers, so that when a stave is passed through
the machine it is set or curved to the requisite extent by passing over the end

page_text: rollers, and between the central rollers herein-before referred to. Previous to
passing the staves through the machine they are prepared by steaming or
heating them, and whilst still hot they are passed through the machine, and
receive the set or curve required.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO MILITARY AND OTHER HOSPITALS
Year: 1855

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Shand Hemming at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th April 1855.
I, FREDERICK SHAND HEMMING, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE PARTICULARLY
APPLICABLE TO MILITARY AND OTHER HOSPITALS," to be as follows:-
The object of the present Invention is, first, to equalize the temperature of
the interior of the building, by preventing the heat of the sun in summer
from rendering the atmosphere oppressive inside, or the cold of winter from
abstracting heat from the interior. This is effected by lining the walls and
roof of the building with the substance hereafter mentioned, which is a non-
conductor of heat, and will therefore act in the summer by preventing the
sun's rays from acting too powerfully on the atmosphere inside the building,
and will also prevent the radiation of heat from the interior during winter.
Another object which I have also in view is to draw off, neutralize, absorb,
or destroy any noxious smells that may be generated, and thereby to improve
the sanitary condition of hospitals and other buildings where large numbers of
persons are congregated together, and where the atmosphere is liable to become
deteriorated by effluvia. This object is effected by employing as the non-

page_text: conducting substance with which I propose to line the walls, a material which
possesses the property of absorbing noxious and deleterious effluvia, such as
are met with in hospitals and other places where large numbers of persons are
frequently crowded together within a limited space. The non-conducting and
absorbent material which I prefer to employ for the above purposes is peat
charcoal, but any other suitable solid deodorizing agent may be used, and it is
to be applied to the walls of the building between the outer covering and the
inner lining of the wall. Supposing the walls of the building to be constructed
of wood, sheet iron, or other suitable material externally, I propose to line
the wall internally with some porous or perforated material, such, for instance,
as strong canvas or cloth, or perforated zinc, iron, or other material, or wood,
and between the two coverings I place pulverized peat charcoal, or other solid
deodorizing agent, which will not only absorb all disagreeable, noxious, and
deleterious effluvia arising in the building, but also will prevent the temperature
of the air inside from being greatly affected by the external atmosphere.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING SAND AND MATERIALS TO BE USED WHEN CASTING
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abram Longbotton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th April 1855.-
A communication.
I, ABRAM LONGBOTTOM, of Soho Foundry, Meadow Lane, Leeds, in the
County of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING SAND AND MATERIALS TO BE USED WHEN CASTING "
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the arrangement of machinery suitable for
crushing and sifting sand and materials used when casting. For this purpose
the sand or materials to be crushed are put into a trough, within which one
end of a hollow cylinder revolves. The hollow cylinder has at one end a pro-
jecting scoop opening into the cylinder, there being a valve to cover the opening
into the cylinder; hence, by the revolution of the cylinder, the scoop takes up a
quantity of the materials out of the trough below, and lifts the same into the
cylinder. Within the cylinder is a crushing roller, between which and the
interior of the cylinder the matters are crushed as the cylinder is revolved. At
the other end of the cylinder there is a perforated plate or partition, through
which the crushed matters pass into the next compartment of the cylinder,
which is composed of wire cloth or sieve material, through which the sand or
material is sifted into a trough or receiver below.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MORTISING MACHINE
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eugène Breittmayer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th March
1855.
I, EUGÈNE BREITTMAYER, of Paris, in the Empire of France, and of 32,
Essex Street, Strand, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MORTISING MACHINE" to be as follows,
and refers to a rotating mortising machine for perforating or mortising wood.
The machine is mounted on a lathe bed, and consists of a left-hand head-
stock, which can be raised, lowered, and fixed at any suitable height by means
of a screw in the lathe bed, and carries a spindle or arbor, on which is fastened
a screw or other chuck for securing a drill bit or auger, receiving motion by
means of a pulley on the spindle. The material to be mortised is clamped on
a compound carriage in front of the headstock. The under part of this carriage
slides longitudinally on the lathe bed, & carries an upper carriage, which may
be set at an angle in dovetailed slides, & caused to slide transversely by
a rack fixed on the carriage, into which gears a sector, turned by means of a
radial lever. Longitudinal motion is given to the carriage by means of a lever
for drilling the ends of mortices fast through, or by a screw for gradually &
slowly forcing up the wood against the drill or bit, whilst the transverse motion
is given at the same time to the upper carriage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC PENS
Year: 1855

page_text: This invention received Provisional Protection,
ut notice to proceed
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th June
1855. A communication.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC PENS," a com-
munication from Samuel Barbot, of Paris, Mechanician, and Louis Charles
Riottot, of l'Isle Adam, in the Empire of France, Jeweller, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction or arrangement of metallic
pens, whereby they are rendered more retentive of ink, and less liable to blot
or tear the paper in writing.
The improvements consist in forming a cheek on each side of the nib, by
bending over the sides to a vertical or nearly vertical position, thereby impart-
ing a trough-like shape to the under side of the pen, which thus serves as a
reservoir capable of containing a greater quantity of ink than can be retained
in an ordinary metallic pen. The pen is split in the usual manner for the
purpose of giving elasticity to the nibs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Crossley and Samuel
Beaumont at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 17th October 1855.
We, WILLIAM CROSSLEY and SAMUEL BEAUMONT, both of Hulme, in the City
of Manchester, Mechanics, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT" to be as follows:-.
Our Invention consists in combining in suitable proportions litharge, red
lead, whiting, and sand. These ingredients are ground and mixed together to
form a powder, and then mixed with boiled oil to the proper consistency for
being used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF STEEL CASTINGS FOR ORDNANCE AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bennett Howell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
October 1855.
I, JOSEPH BENNETT HOWELL, of Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF STEEL CASTINGS FOR ORDNANCE AND OTHER PURPOSES" to be as
follows; and consists in the manufacture of ingots or blocks of cast steel for
ordnance and other purposes with an iron centre. I place a bar of hot iron
covered with a deoxydizing agent in the centre of the mould previous to pouring
the melted steel, and by the use of this deoxydizing agent I remove or dissolve
the oxyd from the iron, and by thus removing the oxyd the steel while in a
fluid state comes in direct contact with the iron, ensuring perfect cementation
between the steel and the iron. This bar of iron will very much lessen the
cost of boring the guns, and at the same time contribute to more complete
soundness under the hammer during the process of forging.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CHAIRS OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Taylor and William Smith
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 2nd June 1855.
We, JAMES TAYLOR and WILLIAM SMITH, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CHAIRS OF RAILWAYS" to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of making a joint and middle chair with one jaw,
and in the place of the ordinary wood key to fix a loose piece of iron by
means of bolts or cotters; also of making a chair in two parts, with a jaw on
each part, the joint of the two parts pressing transversely under the rail, both
pieces being bolted together at each end. The object of our said improve-
ments is to dispense with the wood keys that are at present used for fixing
the rails in the chairs.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STRETCHING OR DISTENDING VELVETS AND OTHER PILED GOODS OR FABRICS FOR THE PURPOSE OF CUTTING THE PILE OF SUCH GOODS
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolphus Oppenheimer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
October 1855.
I, ADOLPHUS OPPENHEIMER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STRETCHING OR DISTENDING
VELVETS AND OTHER PILED GOODS OR FABRICS FOR THE PURPOSE OF CUTTING THE
PILE OF SUCH GOODS" to be as follows:-
My improvements apply to the stretching or distention of piled goods for
the purpose of cutting the same, and consists in the employment of two rollers
(and if necessary other intermediate rollers), one at either end of the frame of
the machine or apparatus over and under which the entire piece of fabric to be
cut is passed, the length of the frame of the machine and the number of rollers
employed being proportionate to the length of the fabric under operation, the
two ends of the piled fabric being secured together by any convenient means
so as to form an endless strap or band. Of the two rollers before mentioned,
one is secured at one end of the frame of the machine, the other at the opposite-
end being rendered adjustable by means of rack, pinion, and click wheel.
Previous to operating, the adjustable roller must be so drawn up as to give a

page_text: proper longitudinal tension to the fabric under operation. A large wheel or
lever in connection with the click wheel and click is weighted in such a manner
as to equalise the longitudinal tension of the piled fabric during the gradual
lengthening of the piece while being cut.
For the lateral stretching or distention of the fabric, two endless rails are
employed, running longitudinally on both sides of the machine or apparatus. Of
these longitudinal endless rails, one is secured to the side of the framing; the
other, on the opposite side of the framing, acts loosely. These rails on either side
are connected to the selvages of the piled fabric by an intervening clastic strap
or band, secured by hooks (or any other convenient arrangement), and small
wharves, which traverse.the endless rails as the piled. fabric is drawn over the
rollers, the loose endless rail being weighted to such a degree as to give the
desired lateral tension to the fabric under operation equally throughout its
entire stretch. In order to adjust the rails according to the varying length of
the piece of fabric while being cut, a sliding rail is secured to the adjustable
roller, before mentioned, which sliding rail is led into the endless rail, so as to
form a "telescope joint." By these means I am enabled to obtain a self-
graduated and equal longitudinal stretch simultaneously with a transverse
distention equally throughout the entire piece of piled fabric.
STEREOTYPING TYPE HIGH, THAT IS TO SAY, AS HIGH AS COMMON PRINTING TYPE, OR SEVEN-EIGHTS OF AN INCH HIGH
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Dellagana at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th September
1855.
I, JAMES DELLAGANA, of 61, Red Lion Street, Clerkenwell, in the County
of Middlesex, Stereotype Founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for STEREOTYPING TYPE HIGH, THAT IS TO SAY, AS HIGH AS COMMON
PRINTING TYPE, OR SEVEN-EIGHTS OF AN INCH HIGH, to be as follows:-
Heretofore the system of stereotyping consisted in casting thin plates, or
plates which were only one-sixth of an inch high, and then these were
mounted on wood, which, in consequence of its unevenness, occasioned to
printers a great loss of time, being often obliged to stop with their machines.
My Invention consists in casting the stereo plates solid, or type and metal-
block in a single & solid piece, and to cast with such precision that it
answers stereotyping and mounting at the same time. The plates cast in this
manner will be quite even, and will fit exactly the machines of printers,
whereas the mounting with wood is never precise, and the plates have to be
backed up with paper to bring them up to their proper heighth. This is
unavoidable in the old system of stereotyping.
The principal difference between the new and old system in the working is
the differently constructed casting machines, and also in the differently made
gauges used for the casting machine. These gauges are as high as the type.
The second part of my Invention consists in casting the plates hollow inside,
but still type high, which will make the plates lighter, and consequently more
manageable, and leave the same advantages as above.
AN IMPROVED ENGINE, CALLED HYDRAULIC SLING, FOR RAISING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS OR HEAVY BODIES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Charles Paul Laurent
Préfontaine at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 19th January 1855.
I, PIERRE CHARLES PAUL LAURENT PRÉFONTAINE, Gentleman, of Paris, in the
French Empire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED ENGINE, CALLED HYDRAULIC SLING, FOR RAISING WATER AND OTHER
LIQUIDS OR HEAVY BODIES," to be as follows:-
This engine or sling consists of a vertical vessel, by preference a cylindrical
vessel, open both at bottom and top. The bottom of the vessel is placed in
the liquid or other matter to be raised, and rotary motion round its own axis
is imparted to it from some prime mover. The vessel takes in the liquid or
other matter at bottom, and delivers it from the top into a receiver.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN POCKETS WITH SPRING LOCK FASTENING, APPLICABLE TO MALE AND FEMALE ATTIRE, AS ALSO AS A FASTENING FOR BAGS, RETICULES, PURSES, OR SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1855

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Moore Clements at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
June 1855.
. I, JAMES MOORE CLEMENTS, of Great Hampton St, Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Tailor and Draper, do hereby declare the nature of my
said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN POCKETS WITH SPRING LOCK
FASTENING, APPLICABLE TO MALE AND FEMALE ATTIRE, AS ALSO AS A FASTENING FOR
BAGS, RETICULES, PURSES, OR SIMILAR ARTICLES," that is to say :-
My Invention consists in using two strips of steel or other suitable metal,
which strips may be formed by cutting them from sheets or from wire of suit-
able size, and flattened by being passed between suitable rollers in the manner
in which metal is usually rolled into sheets or strips; and such strips may or
may not be tinned or coated to prevent oxidation. These strips I form into the
segment of.a circle, that when put together and secured at the ends, they shall
form an acute clipse; and in some cases I may produce this same figure from
one strip of metal, so that it would require fastening only where the ends meet;
and in or about the middle of the strips so formed, I place a suitable spring
catch, that when the elipse is compressed, the spring catch will thoroughly
secure it in that position; this frame forms the mouth of the pocket, and is
altered in dimensions according to its various requirements, the frame or wire

page_text: being covered with the material of which the pocket may be made, excepting
when such frame is required to be used on the outside of a lady's dress; in that
case it should be ornamented, and the pocket made of links or rings fastened
together into the required form as purses are sometimes made; and in this
application lock pins are to be used in connection with the metallic pocket,
by which the same may be securely attached to the dress, access being
obtained to the pocket in each case by liberating the spring catch.
Secondly, my Invention consists in introducing into the woven fabric of
which such pockets may be made, threads of wire, by which much addi-
tional strength will be given, rendering them less liable to be cut for the
purposes of theft; this same material, as also the frame above described, may.
be applied to purses, reticules, or other bags.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS AND VALVES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th May
1855.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS AND VALVES," a
communication from Nicholas Laforest and Francois Eugène Boudeville, of
Rheins, in the Empire of France, Brassfounders, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved system or mode of closing cocks and
valves generally, and of forming the junctions connected therewith, and con-
sists in the employment for that purpose of metallic rings, which may be
either fixed or moveable, by which means the labor and expense of fitting and
grinding ordinary cocks is obviated. The metallic ring may either be placed
in an annular V groove in the valve seat, or it may be fitted into a similar
groove formed in the face of the closing disc or valve. This disc is contained
in the upper chamber of the cock, and is actuated vertically by means of a
screw spindle and small hand wheel. It is prevented from turning round by
working in guides, or it may be so shaped that it cannot turn round in the

page_text: chamber which contains it. The cover of this chamber and the flanges of the
cock may also be rendered perfectly tight by the interposition of a metallic
ring fitted into annular V grooves formed in in the faces of the parts to
be joined.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR NEUTRALIZING THE EFFECT OF COLLISION OR IMPACTION IN RAILWAY TRAINS, STATIONS, AND OTHER SIMILAR SITUATIONS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Vale Asbury at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th July 1855.
I, JACOB VALE ASBURY, of Enfield, in the County of Middlesex, Surgeon,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR NEUTRALIZING THE EFFECT OF COLLISION OR IMPACTION IN RAILWAY
TRAINS, STATIONS, AND OTHER SIMILAR SITUATIONS," to be as follows:-
I prolong the time of pressure between contact and perfect impaction
taking place, by means of the resistance offered by atmospheric air when
coufined within a cylinder or cylinders, and acting against a piston; also by a
series of elastic air cushions to be used either in combination with the
atmospheric air, or the atmospheric air to be used alone, thereby accommo-
dating or neutralizing the forces of momentum and inertia, which I carry into
effect in the following manner, that is to say-Within the horizontal frame
of the carriage, and in the line in which the forces are applied, I fix four or
more metal cylinders; these cylinders are each of them fitted with a metallic
disc or piston, which is screwed or otherwise fixed upon the end of the buffer
rod, and each piston is provided with a proper snifting valve, with stop to
regulate its travel. The cylinders are also provided with a longitudinal valve,
faced with leather or other yielding material, and kept closed by an eliptical
or other spring, so regulated as to allow the valve to act when the atmospheric

page_text: air within the cylinder arrives at its maximum density. A series of elastic air
cushions are also provided, composed of indian-rubber or other material, and
furnished with a solid eye, having a hole through its centre to receive a guide
bar, which not only supports the cushions, but preserves their line of direction
by passing through a stuffing box at the end of the cylinder or cylinders. By
this apparatus the absorption or loss of force goes on as long as space for
compression remains, and in a train of ten or twelve carriages, all alike, con-
structed with this self-acting safety apparatus, the compressible space will be
sufficient to absorb such an amount of force, that if any remain, it will not
be more than enough to carry the train onwards a few yards, so that fracture
of limbs and carriages must be prevented.
AN IMPROVED PLANE IRON
Year: 1855

page_text: oy the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Frederick Stansbury at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th August 1855.-A communication.
I, CHARLES FREDERICK STANSBURY, of the firm of Nourse & Co., American
& General Patent Agents, of No. 67, Gracechurch Street, London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PLANE IRON," a
communication from Henry A. Bleckmann, of Ronsdorf, in Prussia, to be
as follows:-
The Invention consists in forming a plane iron, by placing between iron
plates, of the shape of those which form the ordinary double plane iron, a steel
plate, which may be advanced or drawn back, & fixed in any desired position by
means of screws or a single set screw. I thus produce a plane iron which is
cheaper than the ones now used, while I am enabled to employ well-tempered
steel uninjured by the process of welding, and secure the further advantage of
changing the cutting iron whenever required for another plate of the same
temper & cutting quality.