Improvements in the Manufacture or Production of Material suitable for use as Food and in the Preparation of Foods of various kinds.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Dec., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 24th May, 1898-Accepted, 27th Aug., 1898
Improvements in the Manufacture or Production of Material suitable
for use as Food and in the Preparation of Foods of various kinds.
I, JAMES EDWARD JOHNSON JOHNSON, F.I.C., F.C.S., of Crown Works, Marsh
Gate Lane, Stratford, in the County of Essex, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
Hitherto the nutritive artioles made and sold in the form of meat extracts are
al of animal origin and are notably deficient in valuable phosphates and highly
advantageous forms of vegetable amide matter.
Now my invention has reference to the manufacture or production of material,
auitable for use as food, containing the principles above mentioned, which are
derived from a vegetable organism under circumstances of preparation that re-
converts insoluble forms of nitrogenous matter into true amides.
In carrying out my invention I take yeast, such for example as washed brewers
yeast, or distillers yeast, place it in a vessel such as an autoclave, and cover it with
acidulated water, acidified say with % of hydrochloric acid or phosphoric acid,
the yeast and water being in suitable proportions, say in about equal quantities
by volume. Pressure heat is then applied to the contents of the vessel, say to the
extent of about 2 (two and one half) atmospheres (sny 37½ lbs. to the square
inch) for say about 30 (thirty) minutes. This may be done by admitting steam
to the vessel, or by heating the vessel externally. The contents of the vessel
are then removed and filtered, preferably through animal charcoal. If hydro-
chloric acid has been employed for acidifying the water used, the filtrate is
neutralized by an alkali as for example a solution of sodic hydrate (NaHO). The
filtrate is afterwards concentrated by any known or suitable method, in vacuo or
otherwise, to any desired consistency and is then ready for use as a food. Or the
new material prepared as described may be incorporated with other forms of
nutritive extract, that is to say, diastasic malt extract, or amido matter, or both,
in suitable palateable proportions; or it may be mixed or combined with meat
extracts, hypophosphites, oils, drugs and other substances in various proportions.
Dated 041
100%
Improvements in the Manufacture or Production of Material suitable
for use as Food and in the Preparation of Foods of various kinds.
I, JAMES EDWARD JOHNSON JOHNSON, F.I.C., F.C.S., of Crown Works, Marsh
Gate Lane, Stratford, in the County of Essex, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby
Paine R1

page_text: declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed to be particularly described in and by the following statement:-
The nutritive articles hitherto made and sold in the form of meat extracts are
notably deficient in valuable phosphates and highly advantageous forms of vege-
table amide matter.
Now my invention has reference to an improved manufacture or production of
material, suitable for use as food, containing the principles above mentioned,
which are derived from a vegetable organism under circumstances of preparation
that re-converts insoluble forms of nitrogenous matter into true amides or soluble
nitrogenous matters.
In carrying out my invention I take yeast, such for example as washed brewers
yeast, or distillers yeast, place it in a vessel such as an autoclave, provided with
pressure gauge and thermometer, and cover it with water that may advantageously
be acidified say with % of hydrochloric acid or phosphoric acid, the yeast and
water being in suitable proportions, say in about equal quantities by volume. The
vessel is closed and pressure heat applied to its contents, say to the extent of about
2% (two and one half) atmospheres (say 37%, lbs.) to the square inch for say from
about one half hour to one and a half hours according to the quality of the yeast
treated. This may be done by admitting live steam to the closed vessel, or by
heating the vessel externally by means of a steam jacket or by steam coils through
which steam is passed and which are placed inside the vessel; or all these means
of producing pressure heat may be used together. The contents of the vessel are
afterwards removed and filtered in any suitable manner, as for example by a filter
press. If hydrochloric acid has been employed for acidifying the water used, the
filtrate is neutralized by an alkali, as for example a solution of sodic hydrate
(NaHO) whereby sodic chloride, i.e common salt, will be formed and remain
in the final product. If phosphoric acid has been used for acidifying the water,
the salt formed by neutralizing the filtrate will be a phosphate which will remain
in the final product and will thus increase the percentage of phosphates therein.
If desired the acid may be omitted in which case the pressure heat should be
continued for a longer time, say for from two to four hours. The filtrate after
being neutralized is concentrated by any known or suitable method, in vacuo or
otherwise, to any desired consistency, such as semi-liquid or a solid; in the
latter case it may be reduced to a granular or powdered condition.
The product thus obtained constitutes my new or improved material. It is a
rich food containing perfectly soluble true amides and peptones and digested
nitrogenous matter with mineral substances such as phosphates and potash. It
has the characteristic aroma and flavor of beef tea, and has the following approxi-
mate composition :-

page_text: matter, that is to say the complex insoluble albumenoid matter is broken down
and converted into its original form.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:.
1. In the manufacture of material suitable for use as food from yeast, the
transformation of coagulable albumenoid and proteid matter present in the yeast
into non-coagulable nitrogenous matter by means of pressure heat, as set forth.
2. The herein described manufacture of a material suitable for use as food
from yeast by subjecting the yeast to the action of pressure heat, filtering the
product, and concentrating the filtrate to a suitable consistency, as set forth.
3. As an article of food, the new or improved material herein before described.
Dated this 4th day of May 1898.
For the Applicant,
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Chartered Patent Agent.