IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Isaac Whitesmith, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Isaac Whitesmith at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th July 1870.
I, ISAAC WHITESMITH, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said - Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows, that is
to say :-
This said Invention has reference to the constructions and arrange-
ments, firstly, of new or improved mechanism for shifting the compound
or many celled shuttle "drop boxes," and also of new or improved
twilling mechanism, all of power looms for weaving ornamental or twilled.
textile fabrics.

page_text: These improvements under the first part or head have reference to or
are improvements upon "drop box" mechanism forming part of the
Invention for which Royal Letters Patent were granted to the petitioner,
Isaac Whitesmith, and James Steven, dated the 14th day of June 1860,
and particularly described and shown in reference to Figures 1, 2,
and 8, 9, of the Drawings, and referred to in the first and third claims
of the Final Specification of said Patent No. 1455, and consist, first, in
the construction, arrangement, and use of a compound eccentric tappet,
composed of two, three, or more new and improved additional cranks or
eccentric rings or discs, which are actuated round the former fixed stud
or axis in a line with that of the sword of the lathe below the " drop
box," and connected with and intermediate between the former central
eccentric and outer ring, carrying its lateral actuating and guide pin on
the back, and the eccentric reciprocating or revolving crank pin on the
face, directly connected to the lower end of the ordinary spear or con-
necting rod of the shuttle "drop box," all so as to actuate it to any cell
or box from one to eight of the set, or to a greater number, according
to the number of new intermediate eccentrics employed in the compound
tappet, thus so much improved over the said former improvements and
Invention as to work any number of shuttle boxes required in power
looms. Each new or additional eccentric of this compound tappet
revolves eccentrically and loose successively on the eccentric axis of its
inner or more central one, and is actuated through one of a corresponding
number of a set of hollow spindles revolving concentrically and loose on
a fixed stud or revolving axis in the axial line of the lathe and on the
hollow spindle of the more central one next it, and actuated by a pinion
on its inner end, so as to actuate the eccentric by a fixed slotted crank
on its other or outer end, which latter besides forming the actuating
crank to the eccentric through its lateral actuating pin also forms a
slotted guide for the pin and eccentric when these are only reciprocated
by the rotation of their inner and lesser eccentrics. The pinions of
these eccentrics are each actuated by one of a corresponding set of large
pinions or wheels in gear with them, and all set so as to be turned
individually (on a spindle or stud fixed parallel to the axis of the lathe
and the hollow spindles and pinion which they actuate) by lateral pins
in the faces of the wheels, and strong additional and corresponding
actuating hooks or catches worked all otherwise substantially as
described for actuating the single crank and ring of the said former
improvements and Patent by a crank on the tappet shaft, in accordance

page_text: with any sequence or pattern desired by the controlling pattern mecha-
nism of the said former improvements, which by a pattern lever, resting
pin, and row or set of holes in the cards and barrel (or any other
equivalent pattern mechanism) for each actuating catch actuates a
wire or other equivalent light connecting rod or lever, so as to raise the
back arm of a new or improved three-armed engaging and disengaging
and locking and unlocking lever against the power of a spring or weight,
when a blank or stopped hole on the pattern card intervenes, so as to
lower the front arm of said lever and engage the actuating hook which
it supports, and at the same time lower a stop or locking arm below out
of the way of the lateral actuating pins of the particular large wheel or
wheels thus put into action by their hooks. Before the wheels are quite
turned the pattern mechanism relieves the three-armed levers, which
regain their normal position by the power of a spring or weight, so that
their upper arms retain the actuating hooks disengaged or out of action,
while their lower locking arms come up and stop and lock the wheels
from turning by their lower pins, so as to hold them and their smaller:
pinions in the position to which the catches turn them, and so that the
eccentric radia of the actuating cranks, eccentrics, and pin rings shall
stop in the true vertical or straight line of the spear of the "drop box,"
and at the exact height, without any vertical reciprocating shock either
up or down, as the case may be, all so as to bring any particular cell or
box in a line with the race and shuttle into action at the moment
required. A friction strap or brake may be applied to the periphery of
the pin wheels to stop any shock or tendency to overrun their actuated
distance in addition to the locking mechanism described, and used either
with or without the pacing or friction disc surfaces on the faces of the
wheels, or modification of these improvements of the said former Patent.
The first improvement of the second part of this Invention in mecha-.
nism for twilling and for producing patterns by the shedding action of
the heddles in power looms consists in the construction and use of a new
or improved compound universal adjusting or reversing tappet or cam
for primarily actuating the treadle, jack, or other first acting main lever
of each heddle leaf, and in arranging these tappets or cams to actuate
the set of heddles so as to produce any desired twill or figure pattern
produced by the leaves of heddles through any ordinary controlling
pattern mechanism employed therefor. Each cam is made in the form.
of a thin disc, with the extreme inner and outer cam groove surfaces.
produced on one face by fixed ridges, forming the extreme inner and

page_text: outer acting periphery of the extreme radial rising and falling acting
tappet surfaces of the grooves opposite to each other, and in which the
antifriction pulley carried on a lateral stud on one arm of each acting
lever of the heddles works. Any number of these opposite cam or
tappet segments or curves desired may be formed round the disc, having
a loose movable projecting crescent or segmental part fulcrummed on a
stud near its centre and middle of each of the open plane parts of the
cam grooves and disc; each crescent when tilted in one direction forms
by its outer surface ridge the extreme outer tappet groove for the pulley
to pass through, and when tilted in the other direction forms by its
inner surface ridge the extreme inner tappet groove for the pulley, or as
corresponding respectively to the highest and lowest position of the
roller lever and heddle leaf attached thereto for producing the shedding
action. The concentric segmental parts of the tappets at their extreme
highest and lowest or outer and inner parts are made of such a length
as to retain the roller and stud levers in these positions for the time
required to maintain the shed of the warp full open. Any number of
these discs and reversing tappets may be fixed on one shaft, with only
the width for a thin lever to work freely between them, carrying the
antifriction roller on a lateral stud working in each cam groove, so that
the two opposite arms of the levers may be connected in the same plane
to their respective heddles direct through upper and lower cords or their
levers. The spindle and tappet and tappet discs are placed either at the
side of or below the loom, with the spaces between the discs by pre-
ference in a plane with the heddles, and have their spindles geared and
actuated from the crank or tappet shaft to revolve proportionately to the
number of rising or falling tappets in each disc, so that one tappet will
act for every shed and pick required, that is, for four and six tappets in
the circumference of the cams they must revolve four or six times
respectively for one revolution of the crank shaft of the loom. The
reversing of the tilting parts of the tappet may be effected in one
direction by their own balance weight, or by a spring, so as to make the
antifriction roller always take into one of the tappet grooves, as, say, the
rising or outer one, in which case the pattern barrel and mechanism
would be so arranged near the periphery of the discs as to depress
small projecting levers, pins, or their springs and connections, or other
equivalents attached to or resting on the tilting tappet crescent pieces,
to tilt or depress these tappet pieces in the opposite direction against the
power of the said springs or their slight counterpoise weight, so as to

page_text: make the roller enter and take into the lower tappet groove, and thus
give the proper sequential rising and falling of the heddle levers by the
controlling pattern mechanism to produce the particular twill or pattern
required by the shedding action.
The next or last improved mechanism under the second part of this
Invention for producing twilling and figure pattern by the shedding of
the heddles in power looms consists in the construction and use of a
compound tappet cam formed of two or more discs mounted and secured
at the desired suitable distances apart upon a shaft, and having any
eonvenient number of spindles fixed in eyes in a circle round these discs
at equal distances from the centre shaft, and at equal distances from,
each other round the circumference of the circle of their radial distance.
The number of spindles is made to correspond to the number of tappets
desired in the circle or revolution of the cam tappet and shaft. Upon
these spindles at regular or equal distances apart longitudinally, corre-
sponding to the number and planes of the levers for moving the heddles,
there are mounted small loose segments or pulleys with a part of their
periphery cut away as tappets, retained in true lateral position by the
discs or by washers on the spindles, as desired, each tappet having the
portion of the circle cut away equal to the extreme rise and fall of
the tappet action to be given to the bearing part of the levers on which
they act, which is preferred to be V-shaped in cross section, so as to act
in a hollow groove of the same shape in the tappets.
In this arrange-
ment each lever rests by the power of its own weight, or it might be a
strong spring, on the top of a bar in the plane of the heddles or their
other levers, so that its acting surface would be just over or clear of its.
actuating set of segmental tappets, which notwithstanding the revolving
of the cam shaft are always maintained with their flat sides in a
horizontal position by their own heavy side, which may be additionally
loaded for the said purpose, to swivel loose on their spindles, and present
the flat cut away side to and just free of the acting surfaces of the lever,
which would thus be retained in its lowest position. When the tappets
are required to raise their levers the projecting parts of the pattern
mechanism would be made to move light springs, rods, levers, or other
equivalents against the power of a light spring or weight, tending to
keep them out of action, so as to tilt the tappets against the power
of their said gravitating heavy side, and make the first corner of the
segmental or round part of the pulley tappet take under the acting or
cam surface of the lever as it reaches it, and so raise the lever and keep

page_text: it in its highest position by the revolution of the pulley tappet and main
compound tappet and shaft, so that the pulley surface of the particular
tappet in action would roll round on the acting surface of the lever and
raise it, the rolling surface of the pulley being of a length sufficient to
keep up the lever for the proper time the open shed is required, all in
accordance with the pattern of the controlling pattern mechanism.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Isaac Whitesmith in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 5th January 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ISAAC
WHITESMITH, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer, send greeting.
✓ WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-fourth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Isaac Whitesmith, Her special licence that I,
the said Isaac Whitesmith, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Isaac Whitesmith, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Isaac
Whitesmith, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Isaac Whitesmith, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement in writing, reference being had to the

page_text: Sheet of Drawings, and to the several illustrative Figures, letters,.
and numerals marked on the parts thereof, which I have hereunto.
appended as part of this Specification, all for the purpose of showing:
the best means I am at present aware of for performing or putting my
said Invention into effect or practice, the same reference letters and
numerals indicating the same or equivalent parts in the several Figures
in which they are shown.
My said Invention has reference to. the construction and arrange-
ments, firstly, of new or improved mechanism for shifting the compound
or many celled shuttle "
drop. boxes," and also of new or improved
twilling mechanism, all of power looms for weaving ornamental or
twilled textile fabrics.
And the improvements under the said first part or head of this my
said Invention have reference to or consist in additions to or improve-
ments upon "drop box" mechanism forming part of the Invention for
which Royal Letters Patent were granted to James Steven and myself,
dated the Fourteenth day of June One thousand eight hundred and
sixty, and particularly described in reference to and shown in Figures
1, 2, and 8, 9, of the Drawings, and referred to in the first and third
claims all of the Final Specification of said Patent No. 1455, and
consist substantially as herein-after more particularly shown, described,
and claimed in reference to Figures 1 to 12 of the said Sheet of
Drawings illustrative of several modifications of these improvements
sufficient to show their whole nature and mode of applying the same
to power looms to a practical loom machinist or maker, while the
nature and application of the said improvements under the secona part
or head, consisting of new or improved constructions and arrange-
ments of the parts of twilling mechanism for power looms, are in like
manner to the first shown at and described in reference to Figures 13
to 18 inclusive.
Referring to the said first improvements in shuttle box moving mecha-
nism, Figures 1, 2, and 3, are respectively a side elevation, plan, and
front view of sufficient of the compound shuttle box end of an ordinary
"drop box" check or pattern loom to illustrate one modification of my
said improvements as applied to a six shuttle box, and capable of taking
any shift of from one to five of the cells as required respectively
marked, 2, 1, 1, and 1, from the lowest one 7, which is shown in
acting position in a line with the " of the lathic B.
66
race

page_text: Figure 4 is a vertical section of the compound eccentric mechanism a*
(which I term the universal geometric shuttle tappet or eccentric) for
actuating the "drop box" C simply and directly by its spear or con-
necting rod a corresponding to Figure 3, taken on the vertical dotted
line 1-1, in Figure 1, through the revolving axis v, and all the eccentric
axes of the eccentrics in their normal or stationary positions.
Figures 5 and 6 are end views of the said compound eccentric shuttle
mechanism or tappet as opened up and detached looking to the right
and left respectively on the line 2-2, in Figure 4. In these Figures
the same and equivalent parts of the ordinary loom and the improved
mechanism described and secured by the said former Specification and
Patent (No. 1455, June 14, 1860) where they are used are indicated
by the same reference letters, and the new improved and modified parts
are indicated by italic letters and numerals, and otherwise distinguished
as much as possible as such in the writing. Thus as before A. is the
side frame of the loom; B, the lathe having the "drop box" C worked
in the guides D, in this case with the six shuttles and cells 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1³,
by the improved construction of connecting rod formed in two parts a, a¹,
the part a being jointed to slide parallelly in the part a adjusted to
length by two jam nuts a", and held together by the long helical
spring a², all so as to yield and separate without breakage from a shuttle
not coming quite home into the cell, or other obstruction. The weight
of the drop box and its connections is carried up by the strong helical
spring a³ attached to the lathe B at top and connecting rod a¹ at bottom,
so that this spring a³ tends always to draw and hold the "drop box" con-
necting rod a, a¹, and crank or eccentric pin Z of the former outer ring V
all at the extreme highest position in the vertical line 1—1, they are
shifted and set to. The motion for working the pattern barrel or card barrel
is taken from the tappet shaft E, crank F, G, and connecting rod H,
all as indicated by the parts lettered I to Q and so far substantially as in
'the said former Specification. The construction, arrangement, and action
of the parts of the said new or improved compound eccentric or tappet
shuttle drop box mechanism a* consists, first, of one or two new improved
or additional cranks or eccentric rings or discs x, x¹, (or it might be three
or more of these, as x", ", and so on when desired), which are actuated
by their corresponding solid or hollow spindles v, v", and guide arms or
discs w, w³, round the former stud or axis j, j, in the line 1 of the axis of
the swords B¹ of the lathe B below the “drop box" C. These eccentrics

page_text: are mounted on and intermediate between the single former inner
eccentric V" or crank a (revolving then on a fixed stud), and the outer
ring V™, carried on it and having the lateral actuating and guide
pin on the back, and the eccentric reciprocating or revolving crank
pin Z on the face, directly connected to the lower end a of the spear or
lifting rod a, a¹, of the ordinary shuttle "drop box" C, all so as to
actuate it to any of the positions Z, Z, Z, Z, Z, of the pin Z, indicated
by small red circles in Figure 1, corresponding to that of the cell or
box to respectively, as herein-before stated; but it might be also
for a "drop box" with a set of seven or eight cells, or even a greater
number of cells according to the number of these new intermediate
eccentrics x, x¹, (or x", a¹¹¹) and their spindles v, 'v", employed in the
compound eccentric or tappet a*, thus so much improved over the
said former improvements and Invention as to work any number of
shuttle boxes required in power looms. In this arrangement the central
eccentric action is obtained from the small crank w and pin x revolving
with the central spindle v, and each new or additional eccentric as x¹
(or x, x1, as the case may be) revolves loose successively and
respectively on their inner or more central eccentric axis, as x¹ on x,
(or x on x1, when these are used), each actuated through one of a
corresponding number of a set of solid or hollow spindles v, vl,
(or 1, 1) revolving concentrically and loose on a fixed stud or
revolving axis v in the actual line of the lathe j, j, and on the succeeding
hollow spindles of the more central one next it, as v¹¹ on v (or vlll on v11)
and so on. These spindles v, vl, and v¹ are actuated by the pinions
v1, v2, v3, (or more) each respectively fixed on their inner ends, so as to
actuate the eccentrics x, x³, and ring Vш by their solid or slotted
cranks 10, w2, 20³, fixed on their other or outer ends, which latter besides
forming the actuating cranks 12, 13, to the eccentrics x, Vi, (or 21)
through their lateral actuating guide pins w11, will, also form slotted
guides y, y¹¹¹, or 7, for the reciprocating of the pins w11, 111, and
eccentrics x¹ (or x1, x¹¹, when these are only) reciprocated by the
rotation of their inner or lesser eccentrics, as x¹ on x (or all on x¹),
and the outer ring V on the last eccentric, in this case x¹. The said
pinions v¹, 2, 3, of these eccentrics x, x¹, (x"), and V₁ are each actuated
by one of a corresponding set of large pinions or wheels W, W2, W³, in
gear with them, the latter having double the circumference and number
of teeth of the former, and all set so as to be turned individually on the
spindle or stud X fixed in the small frame X2 parallel to the axis j or v

page_text: of the lathe B, and the hollow spindles v¹, 1, 2, and pinions v¹, v², v³,
which they rotate by the lateral pins Y, Y, Y, Y, in the face of each
wheel W, W, W³, and by the strong additional and corresponding
actuating hooks or catches I', I³, I³, worked otherwise substantially as
described for actuating the former single or pair of hooks I or I, I', and
their corresponding wheels W, W', and single or double cranks V or V"
and ring V of the said former improvements and Patent No. 1455,
1860, by the crank F, G, on the tappet shaft E, and one hook I and for
each wheel W and its set of pins Y, all in accordance with any sequence
or pattern desired and determined by the controlling pattern mechanism
K to Q, herein-before referred to, of the former improvements, which by
the pattern levers P¹, P, P³, raising or resting pins Q', Q, Q³, and row
or set of holes g¹, g, g³, in the chain of cards g and barrel T or other
equivalent pattern mechanism for each or extra actuating catch I
actuates the new wires or other equivalent light connecting rods 1, 2, 3,
and levers s, to which the lower ends are attached, the upper end
being adjustable by set screws at to the levers P, so as to raise the
back arms &¹, s2, 3, of the new or improved three-armed engaging and
disengaging, or locking and unlocking levers & against the power of the
springs (or it might be weights), when a blank or stopped up hole g¹¹
of the pattern and cards g intervenes and acts on the pins Q so as to
lower the front arm S" of any one of the levers s, as that of s¹ is shown,
and thus lower and engage the actuating hook I¹ (of the set I', I², I³,)
which it supports as a reciprocating sliding surface by the power of its
spring t, so that the hook end passes over the turning pins Y of the
wheels W. The same action lowers the stop or locking arm & in front,
below, and out of the way of the lower lateral actuating pins, as Y¹ of
the particular large wheel W', or wheels thus put into action by the said
lowering of their hooks I, and the next turn of the tappet shaft E and
crank F, G. Before the wheels W are thus quite turned to the end of
their shift the pattern barrel T and mechanism actuated by the same
crank fall and relieve the levers s, which thus regain their normal
position by the power of their springs t, so that their upper arms s¹¹
retain the actuating hooks I disengaged or out of action, while their
lower locking arms s¹¹ come up and stop and lock the wheels W from
turning by their lower pins Y, Y, Y, so as to hold the wheels W and
their smaller pinions ¹, 2, 3, in the position to which the catches I
turn them, equivalent to the distance of one turning pin Y from the
other or one-fourth of a turn of the wheels W, and one-half of that of

page_text: the pinions v, the diameter of the former being two to one of the latter, so
and
that the eccentric radia of the actuating cranks or eccentrics x, x¹,
pin ring V, Z, shall stop in the true vertical or straight line 1-1 of
the spear a of the "drop box" C or nearly so, and at the exact height
required to suit the several cells 7, above or below the axis v without any
vertical reciprocating shock either up or down, as the case may be, in
the rising or falling action of the box C, all so as to bring any particular
cell or box 1, 1, P, P, P, P, in a line with the race B, B, Figure 3, and the
shuttle into action at the moment required. A friction strap or brake z
is applied to the periphery of each of the pin wheels W¹, W³, W³, to
stop any shock or tendency to overrun their actuated distance, that is,
to hold the wheels, eccentrics, and shuttle boxes in the position where
they are set by the hooks I in addition to the locking arms &¹¹¹ of the
engaging and stopping mechanism described, either used with or without
the "
pacing" or friction disc surfaces X' on the sides or faces of the
wheels W and jam nuts X" on the spindle X, or a modification of these
improvements of the said former Patent.
The action of the wheels are compound shuttle mechanism a* for
"stepping" the boxes, say, in succession, is as follows, namely, the first
hook I let into action by the pattern mechanism and stops g" in the
card pattern, as herein-before described, turns the wheel W₁, pinion v¹,
and crank x, so as to bring the box C one shift down, or the cell lin
working line with the race, and in like manner the hook I², through its
wheel and pinion W² and v², turns the eccentric x¹ so as to make another
single shift, or bring down the cell into working line, and to have
made this double shift at once of the cell the two hooks I¹ and I² and
their wheels have to be brought into action at the same time; then to
make the third, or three shifts, to bring down the box 13 into working
line from the position of the drop box C, as shown in the Figures, the
third hook Is is in like manner dropped into gcar with the pins Y³ on the
wheel W, so as to turn the outer ring V and its stud Z round or
down half a turn (which in the previously described actions were only
reciprocated down) or to make this triple shaft after the former two
shifts described, the whole three hooks I³, I³, I³, are engaged by the
pattern cards and levers, which at the same time that it steps the three
shifts down by the turning of the ring V™, Z, as described, also gives
the two shifts or steps up by turning the other two eccentrics x, x¹, up
again by the half turn of their pinions v¹, v², as before stated. To make

page_text: a fourth shift and bring the box into working line (from the position
shown) the hook I³, which makes three shifts, and either of the hooks
I or I, which each make one shift, are brought into action at the same
time, which thus gives the fourth shift; and for giving the fifth shift,
to bring the sixth box marked 15 into line, the whole three hooks I', I², I³,
are let into action, so as to bring all the eccentrics x, x¹, and ring V,
and pin Z, either all up or all down, and in this way take any one of
the five steps or shifts required for a six shuttle "drop-box" most
simply, as described. In this modification, Figures 1 to 6, the throw
or double length of the eccentric axis of the central and intermediate
eccentrics x and x¹ are each made equal to only one lift or shift of a
box, but it will be obvious that either of them may be made to give a
double or a triple shift, and thus make this arrangement also suit for
a six or seven shuttle box when desired, without adding to the number
of the eccentrics, as herein-before described.
Referring to Figures 7 to 10, Figures 7 and 8. are respectively a front
elevation and corresponding vertical section of sufficient of the end of
a power loom with a four shuttle " drop box" and of my improved
mechanism applied thereto, and Figures 9 and 10 are respectively an
end view of the eccentrics and their outer and fixing ring detached
from Figures 7 and 8, showing another modification of my said improve-
ments and compound eccentric shuttle box tappet a*, herein described
in reference to Figures 1 to 6, as applied to a four shuttle drop box C,
and therefore the essential differences and new parts of this modification
only need be distinguished and described. In this case there are only
two rows of pattern holes g¹, g², and two pattern levers P1, P2, with their
rods ¹², for actuating the engaging and disengaging levers s¹, s², of
the two hooks I', I², required to actuate the two pin wheels W¹; W³, of
the pinions v¹, v², which in this case revolve on a fixed axis or stud j
in the axial line j-j of the lathe and sword B, B', and by their hollow
spindles v, v, respectively actuate the central duplex eccentrics a, a,
fixed on the outer end of v, which having an eccentricity of half the
height or distance of the shuttle cells from each other, as in the former
case described, gives by its half revolution a shift of one box, while the
half turn of the ring V and crank stud Z in this case steps or gives a
shift of two boxes up or down, and three shifts when both pinions v¹, v³,
are put into action, and their eccentric and ring are both turned in the
same direction up or down, and to give two single steps in succession in

page_text: the same direction up or down the second step or shift is taken by both
hooks I, I, at once, the latter turning the two-stepped ring V™ in one
direction half a turn, and the former turning the duplex eccentric x, x²,
round another half turn back the single step it had previously made,
thus giving the second single step without the two single stepped
eccentrics of the first arrangement, Figures 1 to 6. The arrows in the
several Figures indicate the direction in which the shafts, wheels, and
eccentrics turn or revolve. The wheels W', W2, in this case, as well as
those of the six shuttle box arrangement, are also fitted with the
improved friction holding straps ≈ carried on the long stud 2', and
adjusted and fixed as to pressure by screwed ends and nuts at ² to the
cross rail X³ of the small frame X2, to which the lower fixed ends
of the springs are attached of the new engaging and disengaging
and stopping levers, which are also fitted to this four shuttle box
arrangement, although not shown in these Figures. In these Figures
1 to 6 it will be observed that the eccentric ring V is held on
the eccentric x¹ by a rim on the inner side and by a disc washer b
attached to the latter by the two screw pins b', and both retained in
position to revolve loose on the inner crank pin x by the smaller
washer 6. In some cases, as stated in reference to Figures 7 to 10, it
is preferred to make the central eccentric x, x², duplex, having a small
eccentric fixed or formed on the outer end of the inner hollow
spindle v, made to fit and turn within another eccentric ring a having
their combined eccentricity equal to rather more than the throw or
distance likely to be required to suit the boxes, and then when setting
them to the particular loom to turn the one eccentric round on the
other to the exact distance required; this being done the outer fixing
ring or cap c, Figure 10, is slipped over the collar head c¹ on the outer
end of the central axis, as j or v, which by three screw pins c² both fix
the eccentrics x and xin true eccentric position to each other and
retain them and their outer ring V in proper working position.
Instead of the central crank or eccentric x or x¹, Figures 1 to 10,
having an eccentric axis of only half the height or distance of the
shuttle boxes from each other, and requiring half a revolution to give
the full shift of a box, as in these modifications described, they may
have a "throw" equal to the height of two cells, and be only turned a
quarter round, or to half stroke, so as to give the step of a single box up
or down. And although the wheels W¹, W2, have been shown and

page_text: described as double the diameter of the pinions v¹, v², yet still it will be
quite understood that they may also be made of other proportions, so
that the motion given to them by their pins Y, hooks I', I², I³, turn the
pinions and their eccentrics or cranks to the said half turn or quarter
turn required to raise the spear a of the drop box, all otherwise, as
described.
66
Figures 11 and 12 are respectively a front and side elevation of
another modification of the foregoing improvements in motive shuttle
box mechanism described in reference to Figures 1 to 10, simplified to
"pick and pick " power looms, as having a two celled drop box on
each side showing sufficient of the lower part of the frame and other
parts of the loom as will make the nature and application of these
improvements evident. Referring to these Figures 11 and 12 a light
horizontal shaft i is passed through the axial journals j, j, made hollow
for the purpose of the lathe B, B', having the former single pinion V
with the crank pin Z in it attached to the spear a of the drop box on
that side of the loom with a simple or equivalent crank disc k fixed
on the other end of the shaft i, and having its lateral crank pin Z'
attached to the spear a¹ of the drop box at the other side of the loom,
so as to actuate them simultaneously every pick" or half turn of the
tappet shaft E and single crank F, G. In this case the pinion V and its
shaft i half with the crank k and the two crank pins Z, Z', do not revolve,
but are only made to oscillate or reciprocate up and down through half
a circle, indicate at V₁ to the height or distance of one step or shift
of the two boxes on each side by the segmental toothed wheel W*
working in it on the stud X* secured to the side frame A of the loom,
and which is proportioned and reciprocated segmentally to and fro by a
lateral stud and the slotted end 2 of the duplex connecting rod 1, 2,
attached to and worked by the crank pin G and crank F of the tappet
shaft E at one side, instead of by the hooks I of the former modification,
Figures 1 to 10. The two parts 1 and 2 of the connecting rod are
coupled near the middle by a spigot and socket cotter joint and helical
spring at 3 or other equivalent, so as to yield and prevent the breakage
of the parts when a casual obstruction takes place, such as a shuttle
sticking and not coming properly into the box. The crank and pin F, G,
revolve in the direction indicated by the arrows in Figure 12, and
reciprocate the connecting rod 1, 2, by the proper use and proportion
of the length of the slot 2 in it, without moving the segmental wheel W',

page_text: attached to its
against a stud
thus allowing it and its pinion and crank V, k, and their shuttle boxes
to stand and be held stationary by the stopping and holding lever **
and spring for a considerable time after making every shift of these,
which take place during the last quarter of the crank's revolution,
before reaching the "dead point" or back and forward reciprocatory
end stroke of the connecting rod 1, 2, in the straight direction of its.
length, that is, while the shed is open and the "pick" is being made.
The position of the cranks F, G, and connecting rod 1, 2, indicated in
red lines in Figure 12, is that of just having completed the forward
stroke and raised the shuttle boxes, and that in black lines shows them
just going to begin to make the backward stroke after the shuttle has
been thrown from one side or the other, while the position of the crank,
shown at F* in the blue lines, indicates the position when the back stroke
and lowering of the shuttle box has just been completed. The stopping
levers is carried in a pendent manner on the stud projecting from
the side frame A, and has the fixed helical brake spring
lower arm s pressing a segmental part 4 of the lever
and roller 5 in one arm of the segmental wheel W, so as to regulate
the amount of pacing friction desired to be applied to retard the
momentum of the parts; the stud 5 at its extreme upward and down-
ward motion on the segmental brake is finally stopped and held by the
semicircular stops 6 and 7 on the lever s respectively. Referring to
Figure 12 a modification of this arrangement may also, in some cases,
be applied to a pick and pick " loom by attaching the two spears as a²
of the shuttle boxes at each side of the loom to studs as as to two such
levers as W keyed or otherwise fixed on the outer ends of a shaft X*
passing across the loom; the action of the crank F, G, connecting rod
and segmental levers W, and its brake and stop levers will be all
substantially as described, but the segmental up and down motion of
the studs as indicated by a red curve V* will be placed so as to vibrate
near the axis of the lathe where the shaft i is shown, and that shaft
and the wheel V and pitched teeth on the segment W* may be dispensed
with in this case.
ઃઃ
first imnmvament of the second part of my said Invention in

page_text: trolling it by the pattern cards and mechanism, all for primarily
actuating the treadle "jacks" or other first acting main lever of each
heddle leaf, and in arranging these tappets or cams to actuate the set of
heddles so as to produce any usual twill desired or figure pattern pro-
duced by the leaves of heddles through any ordinary controlling pattern
mechanism employed therefor.
Figure 13 is a front elevation of one modification or arrangement of
my said improvements in twilling mechanism as applied to an ordinary
power loom with eight levers, and Figure 14 is a side elevation at
right angles to Figure 13 of the set of tappets and their driving gear,
both to a small scale to illustrate the general construction and arrange-
ment, and Figure 15 is a face view of one of the tappets and parts of
the pattern mechanism to show the details of construction. Referring
to these Figures 13 to 15 each tappet or cam is made in the form of a
thin disc a with the extreme inner and outer cam groove surface b, b',
produced on one face by fixed ridges c, c¹, forming the extreme inner
and outer acting perimeter of the extreme radial raising and falling
acting tappet surfaces of the grooves opposite to each other, and in
which two positions the antifriction pulley d is shown in red lines in
Figure 15 carried on a lateral stud d' on one arm of each acting jack or
lever e of the heddle leaves and mechanism. Any number of these
opposite cam or tappet segments or curves b, b¹, desired may be formed
round each disc a; four are made and shown in this case having a loose
movable or or tilting projecting crescent or segmental part ƒ fulcrumed
on a stud f¹ near the centre and middle of each of the open plane parts
between band. 6¹ of the cam grooves c, c¹, and disc a; each crescent f
when tilted in one direction forms by its outer edge surface or ridge g
the extreme outer tappet groove a¹ for the pulley d to freely enter and
pass through, and when tilted in the other direction forms by its inner
surface ridge 9 the extreme inner tappet groove 6 for the pulley d to
enter and pass freely through, or as corresponding respectively to the
heighest and lowest position of the roller, lever, and heddle leaf attached
thereto for producing the shedding action indicated by 1 and 2. The
concentric segmental parts of the tappets at their extreme highest and
lowest or outer and inner parts 1 and 2 are made of such a circumferential
length as to retain the roller d and stud lever e in these positions 1 and 2
for the time required to maintain the shed of the warp full open during
the "
"picking or "throwing" of the shuttle. Any number of these
"

page_text: discs a and their reversing tappets ƒ may be fixed on one shaft i with only
the width for a thin lever e to work freely between them, see Figure 14,
carrying the antifriction roller d on a lateral stud d' working in each
cam groove b, b', so that the two opposite arms of the levers e may be
connected in the same plane to their respective heddles h direct through
upper and lower cords e¹ and their levers e¹¹, e². The spindle and
tappet and tappet discs a are placed and secured by preference in a
frame for the purpose secured to the side of the loom A, but it might
also be placed below or above the heddles and loom with the spaces
between the discs a by preference in a plane with the heddles h, and
have their spindle i geared and actuated from the crank shaft k as by
the intermediate shaft and two pair of bevel wheels and , or it
might be driven from the tappet shaft to revolve proportionally to the
number of rising or falling tappets as b, b', in each disc a, so that one
tappet 6 or b¹ will act for every shed and pick required, that is, for a
four and six tappet cam, the crank shaft of the loom revolving once for
every one of the four or six tappets respectively in the circumference.
The reversing of the tilting parts f of the tappets may be effected in one
direction by their own balanced weight as by the heavy solid end for
other equivalent as by a spring, so as to make the point f" to bear up
against the inner or central rim and projections c" before reaching the
roller, which is thus always made to take into one of the tappet grooves b
or 6' as, say, the rising or outer one b, as seen at a*, in which case the
pattern barrel T and mechanism would be so arranged near and across
the whole of the discs a as to lift or press up the small projecting and
tilting levers P with pressing or pattern pins Q in them, (or it might be
other springs and connections or equivalents) for raising or bearing up
the heavy end ƒ of these tilting tappet crescent pieces as at a* by the
roller or stud at the free end of each lever P so as to tilt and depress
the light end a" of the tappet pieces f in the opposite direction against
the power of the heavy end for the said slight springs when these are
employed, and this open up the inner tappet groove b so that the
rollers d enter and pass into and through the said inner groove, and thus
give the proper sequential to-and-fro action of the levers e, and rising
and falling of the heddle levers h by the controlling pattern barrel T,
and its ordinary actuating mechanism to produce the particular twill
or pattern required by the shedding action, the barrel T being turned and
pressed up against the pin Q after every "pick," the whole set of
levers P in their normal position being fulcrummed on the final stud L.
.
R

page_text: and resting loose on a fixed bar N in front, clear of the tilting tappet f
except when a blank or stopped up hole, as g¹, of the pattern cards raise
the pattern pins a and levers P.
Figure 16 is a front elevation of another improved twilling machine
under the second part or head of this my said Invention, with sufficient
of the side A of a power loom and the heddles h to show the nature
and application of these improvements thereto, and Figure 17 is a side
view of the same corresponding to Figure 16, while Figure 18 is an
enlarged side elevation and sectional edge view of one of the tumbling
tappets detached to show the construction on a large scale than shown
in the general views, Figures 16 and 17.
Referring to these Figures 17 and 18, the nature and application of
this improved mechanism under the second and last part of my said
Invention for producing twilling and figure pattern by the shedding of
the heddles in power looms, substantially consists in the construction
and use of a universal compound tappet cam a* formed of two or more
discs a mounted and secured at a considerable distance apart to take in
a set of heddles upon a short shaft i carried in the small frame j, by
preference bolted to the side frame of the loom A, having any convenient
number of spindles b, as four in this case, passed through and fixed in
eyes in a circle round these discs a at equal distances from the centre
shaft i, and at equal distances from each other round the circumference
of the circle of their radial distance. The number of spindles is made
to correspond to the number of tappets desired in the circle or revolution
of the cam tappet and shaft, which is turned at a speed to give or turn one
tappet round for every revolution of the crank shaft. Upon these spindles
at regular or equal distances apart longitudinally, corresponding to the
number and planes of the levers for moving the heddles h, there are
mounted the small loose pendent segments or pulleys f, with a part of
their upper periphery f" cut away, in sets of four tappets in the circle for
actuating every leaf or heddle, and retained in their true lateral position
by the discs a and their own turned edges, or by washers between
them on the spindles 6, as desired. Each tappet f, having the portion of
the circle cut away, equal to the extreme rise and fall necessary for the
tappet action to be given to the segmental bearing parts c¹ of the
levers c, c¹, on which they act, which is preferred to be segmental, where
the full round bearing part f¹ of the tappet f work, and both of a
✓ shape in cross section, as seen in Figure 18, so that the lever works

page_text: on a hollow groove at f1, of the same shape as the tappet A. The
levers c, c¹, are here shown of the bell crank form, fulcrummed on a
spindle d at the top of the frame j, each in the plane of their respective
heddles h, which they actuate, having the acting segmental surface c of
their horizontal arm resting on a cross rail d¹ just over and clear of their
respective actuating set of tappets fas they come round by the turning of
the tappet barrel a*, with their flat sides f" horizontal and uppermost,
swivelling and hanging loose thus in all positions by the weight of their own
heavy side f¹ (which may be additionally loaded when desired to insure
their thus swivelling loose on the spindles 6), so as to present the flat or
cut away side to the acting surface of the levers c, which with their
respective heddle leaves would thus remain in their lowest normal
position by their own weight resting on the bar d', and the power of the
springs attached to each side of the lower rod of the leaves h; when
not raised by the tilting of the tappet cams f, as indicated at f², h², by
the pattern barrel T, and mechanism through the vertical arm c¹ of the
tappet lever, which is connected by the cord or wire e¹ to the two
vertical arms e¹ of the bell cranks e", e², connected by their horizontal
arms e² and cords es to the two sides of the upper horizontal rod of each
heddle leaf h, for raising them against the power of the said two strong
springs below. The tappet barrel a* with its sets of tappets f in this
arrangement, Figures 16 and 18, is shown as actuating its shaft i from
the crank shaft k of the loom, as in the former modification of twilling
mechanism described, by an intermediate short shaft 7, and the two pair
of bevil wheels k¹ and ¹, or other equivalent arrangement of gearing
according to the position of the loom where the tappet barrel is placed.
A four waved or undulating cam H is fixed on the spindle i, shown in red
lines in Figure 16, for actuating the pattern barrel T with its cards and
mechanism for tilting the tappets to suit the particular twill or pattern
required. The bell crank frame K³, K", carrying the barrel T of the chain
of pattern cards 9 oscillates on their axis L, carried in the upper part of
the frame by an antifriction pulley K in the lowest end of the pendent
arm K', working in the undulating groove of the cam H, so as to
raise and lower the horizontal arm K" and cause the blanks or projec-
tions g¹ of the cards to raise the arms P of the tilting or engaging
and disengaging tappet levers P, P₁, by their pattern or lifting pins Q,
which would withdraw the vertical arm P off its normal resting bar N,
and remove or withdraw the tilting heel P out of the way of the
tappets f, which are desired and thus allowed to pass round with

page_text: their flat sides i clear of the levers c, so as not to raise them or
their heddle leaves h², while all the levers P¹ which are not so
raised are left stationary, so that their heels P2 tilt the tappets f,
as shown at f³, and thus raise the levers c and their heddles, as
shown at h³, and maintain them up during the time the shuttle is
passed through the shed by the rolling action of the circumferential
grooved part f¹ of the tappet f on the lower working curved surface of
the arm c, or otherwise when preferred the stopped up holes or blanks g¹
of the cards may be made to move or engage only the pattern tappet
tilting levers P, P₁, required to tilt and raise the particular tappets f
and levers c and heddles h, in accordance with the pattern, against the
power of a light spring acting on them or their own balanced weight,
tending to keep their heels P² out of action, and thus tilt the tappets f
against the power of their said gravitating heavy side, and make the first
corner of their segmental or round part of these pulley tappets take
under the acting or cam surface of their respective levers c as they come
round and reach it, and so raise the lever and keep it stationary in its
highest position by the revolution of the segmental pulley tappet f and
main tappet barrel a* and shaft , the rolling surface of the pulley being
of a length sufficient to keep up the lever for the proper time the open
shed is required, all otherwise as herein-before described, and as well
known for producing any desired twill or pattern produced in power
looms by the movement of the heddles in accordance with the particular
pattern of any ordinary pattern barrel or controlling chain of pattern
cards and their actuating mechanism.
Having thus particularly described the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is or may be performed, I have to
state that I do not restrict myself to the precise details herein described
or delineated; but what I believe to be novel and original, and therefore
claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is,―
First. The construction and arrangement of the parts of the various
modifications of mechanism for actuating and holding the many celled
or "drop" shuttle boxes of power looms, all substantially in the new or
improved manner distinguished, and for the purposes herein described
and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Second. The construction, arrangement, and use of a compound

page_text: eccentric tappet with one or more intermediate eccentrics or crank rings
between the central one and the outer crank ring of my said former
Patent Invention, all substantially in the new or improved manner
distinguished and for the purposes of actuating many celled shuttle
boxes, as herein described and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Third. The construction, arrangement, and use of pacing, friction, or
brake straps to the actuating wheels of shuttle box tappets, all sub-
stantially in the new or improved manner, and for the purposes herein
described and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth. The construction, arrangement, and use of engaging and
disengaging and stopping levers actuated by the pattern barrel or cards
of the actuating wheels of many celled shuttle box tappets of power
looms, all substantially in the new or improved manner and for the
purposes herein described and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Fifth. The construction and use of a duplex eccentric for shifting and
setting the combined and exact eccentric throw desired, and mode of
fixing them for actuating many celled shuttle boxes of power looms, all
substantially as herein-before described in reference to and shown in
Figures 7 to 10 of the accompanying Drawings.
Sixth. The construction, arrangement, and use of the modifications
of my said eccentric tappet or mechanism, actuated from a simple
crank on the tappet shaft by a slotted duplex connecting rod, all
for actuating the shuttle boxes of shot and shot power looms,
substantially as herein described and shown in the accompanying
Drawings.
Seventh. The construction, arrangement, and use of the parts of the
various modifications of twilling tappet mechanism, and modes of
actuating the same, all substantially for actuating the heddles of power
looms in the new or improved manner herein described and shown in
the accompanying Drawings.
Eighth. The construction, arrangement, and use of a duplex grooved.
undulating tappet disc with tilting tappets, actuated by the pattern
mechanism for the purpose of actuating the levers and heddles of
twilling power looms, all substantially in the new or improved manner
herein described in reference to and shown in Figures 13 to 15 in the
accompanying Drawings.

page_text: Ninth. The construction, arrangement, and use of sets of segmental
tappets for the purpose of actuating the levers and heddles of twilling
power looms, substantially in the new or improved manner herein
described in reference to and shown in Figures 15 to 18 in the accom-
panying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Isaac Whitesmith, have hereunto
set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
Witness,
ISAAC WHITESMITH. (L.S.)
W. R. M. THOMSON,
Patent Agent,
20, Buchanan Street,
Glasgow.