IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE FLAGS, TILES, BRICKS, ARCHES, HEADS, SILLS, STEPS, COPINGS, BUILDING BLOCKS, OR OTHER LIKE ANALOGOUS ARTICLES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT."
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Corry Stone, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
ARTIFICIAL STONE FLAGS, TILES, BRICKS, ARCHES, HEADS, SILLS, STEPS,
COPINGS, BUILDING BLOCKS, OR OTHER LIKE ANALOGOUS ARTICLES, WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Corry Stone at the
"6
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th September 1878.
THOMAS CORRY STONE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE FLAGS, TILES, BRICKS,
ARCHES, HEADS, SILLS, STEPS, COPINGS, BUILDING BLOCKS, OR OTHER LIKE
ANALOGOUS ARTICLES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE
MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT."
This Invention relates to the manufacture of a composition or cement to be used
as a concrete, mortar, or artificial stone, for forming flags, tiles, bricks, arches, heads,
sills, steps, building blocks, hearthstones, floors, caps, balustrades, engine beds, curbs
and sets, channel stones, cisterns, rollers, table slabs, retorts, and for other like
purposes, for which Portland or other cement is now employed.
The Invention also relates to the manufacture of the cement used as a cement.
A composition or cement, according to this Invention, consists of chalk, hydraulic
lime, waste lime, lime, or limestone, or any other like material equal in strength,
mixed with clay or river mud washed, screened, and matured, and then dried in
kilns or on hot floors and burnt, the operation being similar to that used in the
manufacture of Portland cement.
.
Or the composition or cement, according to this Invention, is obtained by grinding
chalk, hydraulic lime, waste lime, or like material equal in strength, with clay or
river mud, and then pressing it into blocks and burning, the wet process usual in
the manufacture of Portland cement being dispensed with.

page_text: "
After the cement has been produced, the clinkers of cement are mixed with flint,
iron, or other metallic slag, spar, marble, or granite chippings, which may be added
to the cement in any desired proportion, either together or separately. The mixed
materials are then ground through rollers or burr stones; the rollers preferred are
constructed to run in concaves in opposite directions, so that the material may
be treated on both sides. The material is thoroughly amalgamated and then mixed
with water, and filled into moulds or dies, or moulded in any other way that may
be desired to produce the articles required, remaining under pressure until set, and
afterwards dressed and polished if requisite.
This Invention further consists in manufacturing the composition by burning the
flint, iron, or other metallic slag, spar, marble, or granite chippings, or other hard
stone or material at the same time as the cement, and afterwards grinding the whole
together, or they may be burnt separately, ground separately, and then mixed. The
cement may be twice or thrice calcined, as also the hard material, if desired.
Articles constructed of a composition or cement, which has mixed with it in
powder stone such as flint, marble, or granite, can be produced of a perfect shape
and surface, and capable of receiving a high polish. The composition sets extremely
hard,
The great point in the manufacture is to have the ingredients thoroughly amal-
gamated in powder, and to set in the moulds used under continuous pressure. The
pressure may be applied by hydraulics, screws, or levers.
Artificial stone articles constructed according to this Invention differ from artificial
stone articles as hitherto made, by mixing the ingredients in powder, it having
before been the practice to use the stone or hard material in chippings, lumps, or
.gravel unground.
This Invention further differs from the present process by burning the hard
materials with the cement during the manufacture of the same, and pulverizing and
thoroughly mixing the combined clinker.
Flags, slabs, tiles, and other analogous articles, according to this Invention, are by
preference moulded or formed in dies or frames with smooth surfaced bottoms and
removeable sides, the pressure being given by a heavy plate cover, which is adjust-
able in the die, and accomodates itself to the article being moulded, as the same
sets by drying.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Thomas Corry Stone in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th
March 1879.
" IMPROVE-
THOMAS CORRY STONE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE, FLAGS, TILES, BRICKS,
ARCHES, HEADS, SILLS, STEPS, COPINGS, BUILDING BLOCKS, OR OTHER LIKE
ANALOGOUS ARTICLES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE
MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT."
This Invention relates to the manufacture of a composition or cement to be used
as concrete, mortar, or artificial stone for forming flags, tiles, bricks, arches, heads;
sills, steps, building blocks, hearthstones, floors, caps, balustrades, engine beds, curbs
and setts, channel stones, cisterns, rollers, table slabs, retorts, and for other like
purposes for which Portland or other cement is now employed.
The Invention also relates to the manufacture of the cement used as a cement.
A composition or cement, according to this Invention, consists of chalk, hydraulic
lime, waste lime, lime, or limestone, or any other like material equal in strength,
mixed with clay, or river mud washed, screened, and matured, and then dried in
kilns or on hot floors and burnt.
The operation being similar to that used in the manufacture of Portland cement,
or the composition or cement, according to this Invention, is obtained by grinding
chalk, hydraulic lime, waste lime, or like material equal in strength, with clay or
river mud, and then pressing it into blocks and burning, the wet process usual in
the manufacture of Portland cement being dispensed with.
"
After the cement has been produced the clinkers of cement are mixed with flint,
iron, or other metallic slag, spar, marble, slate, or granite chippings, which may be
added to the cement in any desired proportion, either together or separately. The
mixed materials are then ground through rollers or burr stones; the rollers preferred
are constructed to run in " concaves in opposite directions, so that the material
may be treated on both sides. The material is thoroughly amalgamated and then
mixed with water, and filled into moulds or dies, or moulded in other
any
way that
may be desired to produce the articles required, remaining under pressure until set,
and afterwards dressed and polished if requisite.
This Invention further consists in manufacturing the composition by burning the
flint, iron, or other metallic slag, spar, marble, or granite chippings, or other hard
stone or material, at the same time as the cement, and afterwards grinding the
whole together, or they may be burnt separately, ground separately, and then
mixed. The cement may be twice or thrice calcined, as also the hard material if
desired.
Articles constructed of a composition, or a cement which has mixed with it in
powder, stone, such as flint, marble, or granite, can be produced of a perfect shape
and surface, and capable of receiving a bigh polish. The composition sets extremely
hard.
The great point in the manufacture is to have the ingredients thoroughly amalga
mated in powder, and to set in the moulds used under continuous pressure. The
pressure may be applied by hydraulics, screws, or levers.
Artificial stone articles constructed according to this Invention differ from artificial
stone articles as hitherto made, by mixing the ingredients in powder, it having
before been the practice to use the stone or hard material in chippings, lumps, or
gravel unground.
This Invention further differs from the present processes by burning the hard
materials with the cement during the manufacture of the same, and pulverizing and
thoroughly mixing the combined clinker.
Flags, slabs, tiles, and other analogous articles, according to this Invention, are by
preference moulded or formed in dies or frames, with smooth surfaced bottoms and

page_text: removable sides, the pressure being given by a heavy plate cover, which is adjust-
able in the die, and accomodates itself to the article being moulded as the same sets
by drying.
The essential features of my Invention consist in using the materials and com-
bining them in a state of powder instead of in lumps, or gravel, or in part powder
and in part lumps, or gravel, as has heretofore been the practice.
Further, the grinding of the metallic slag, spar, marble, slate, or granite chippings
with the cement clinker, and thereby thoroughly amalgamating the different and
several materials together, constitutes a novel point in this Invention.
I would have it understood that the compound material can be used as a cement
in powder applied to the ordinary purposes and in the usual way as a cement,
inasmuch as owing to the complete amalgamation of the materials, the introduction
of the slag or other foreign ingredients does not detract from the quality of the
cement.
What I claim as my Invention is, the improvements in the manufacture of
artificial stone, flags, tiles, bricks, arches, beads, sills, steps, copings, building blocks,
or other like analogous articles, which improvements are also applicable to the
manufacture of cement, as herein-before described and set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Corry Stone, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eleventh day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.
THOMAS CORRY (L.S.) STONE.