THE APPLICATION OF A SUBSTANCE, SUBSTANCES, OR COMPOSITION NOT HITHERTO USED FOR SIZING OR PREPARING WOOLLEN OR WORSTED YARNS OR WARPS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Daniel Howorth, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Size Dealer, for the Invention of "THE APPLICATION
OF A SUBSTANCE, SUBSTANCES, OR COMPOSITION NOT HITHERTO USED FOR SIZING
OR PREPARING WOOLLEN OR WORSTED YARNS OR WARPS FOR WEAVING."
Scaled the 31st July 1857, and dated the 31st January 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Daniel Howorth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
January 1857.
I, DANIEL HOWORTH, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Size Dealer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE
APPLICATION OF A SUBSTANCE, SUBSTANCES, OR COMPOSITION NOT HITHERTO USED FOR
SIZING OR PREPARING WOOLLEN OR WORSTED YARNS OR WARPS FOR WEAVING," to
be as follows:-
"Hitherto glue and other size obtained from animal substances has been
employed in the preparation of woollen or worsted yarns or warps for weaving.
I find, and in this my Invention consists, that gums or gummy matter
obtained from vegetable substances may be applied to the same purpose, and
wholly or partially substituted for animal sizing with equal effect and great
economy. The vegetable substances which I propose to employ are these:-
gum arabic, British gum, and sago, sometimes mixed or combined with
animal sizing.
Gum arabic alone, or gum arabic and British gum, will form a suitable
sizing when dissolved in about four times its weight of water for one class of

page_text: goods, and
gum arabic, British gum, and sago, or some one or more of these
substances in various proportions with glue or other animal size dissolved in
water, will form a sizing suitable for other classes of goods.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of tlie Letters Patent, filed
by the said Daniel Howorth in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
31st July 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DANIEL
HOWORTH, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Size Dealer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Daniel Howorth, Her special licence that I, the said Daniel Howorth,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Daniel
Howorth, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thercafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, excrcise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "THE APPLICATION OF A SUBSTANCE,
SUBSTANCES, OR COMPOSITION NOT HITHERTO USED FOR SIZING OR PREPARING WOOLLEN
OR WORSTED YARNS OR WARPS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Daniel Howorth, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and scals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same.
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Daniel Howorth, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
J
Hitherto glue and other size obtained from animal substances has been
employed in the preparation of woollen or worsted yarns or warps for weaving..
I find, and in this my Invention consists, that gums or gummy matter
obtained from vegetable substances may be applied to the same purpose and.

page_text: wholly or partially substituted for animal sizing with equal effect and great
economy. The following and other similar vegetable substances (in some
cases mixed or combined with animal sizing) dissolved in water may be made
use of for the purposes of my Invention, namely, gum arabic, gum gedda,
British gum, and sago. In some cases only one of these ingredients dissolved
in water may be necessary, in others two or more of them mixed together will
be found desirable, according to the. fineness or quality of the goods to be
operated upon, and other circumstances. For the preparation of very fine
warps, such as those intended to be woven into Saxony flannel or woollen
cloth, a size made by dissolving one or other of the before mentioned or other
ordinarily soluble gum in water may be found sufficient; but I would re-
commend the following as preferable:-To gum arabic, gum gedda, or British
gum, or to a combination of two or all of them, add five per cent. by weight
of sago flour, and boil until dissolved in about four times the total weight of
water. This solution may be used in the same way as common size; its
working is improved by the addition of a small quantity of glue size. For
ordinary flannel, coarse woollen or worsted warps, the above solution, in com-
bination with one-third, one-half, or such other proportion of glue size as the
particular class of work to be operated upon is found to require, may be
employed.
The size prepared according to my Invention, as herein-before described,
offers the advantages of not only being considerably less in cost than those
previously employed for the same purpose, but is at the same time easy of
application, and permits the sized warps after being dried to be got upon the
beam without danger of sticking together and thus receiving injury.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same may be performed, I wish it to be understood that what I claim in
respect thereof is, the application of gums or gummy matter obtained from
vegetable substances for sizing or preparing woollen or worsted yarns or
warps, as herein-before mentioned.
In witness whereof, I, the said Daniel Howorth, have hereto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
DANIEL (L.s.) HOWORTH.