matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Willam George Martin and
Richard Edward Rowley Martin, at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 20th February 1873.
We, WILLAM GEORGE MARTIN, Major, R.A., and RICHARD EDWARD
ROWLEY MARTIN, Lieutenant, 77th Regt., both of Hemingstone Hall,
in the County of Suffolk, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL," to
be as follows:-
:
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
artificial fuel. For this purpose we prepare a mixture of small coal
with the staley oil yielding material known as Kimmeridge, coal, or clay,
and lime. The materials are thoroughly mixed and moistened with
water, and moulded by pressure into blocks.
Ax IMPROVED STARCHING AND WASHING MACHINE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hook Davey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th February 1878.
I, WILLIAM HOOK DAVEY, of Islington, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Ax IMPROVED
STARCHING AND WASHING MACHINE," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a machine for starching or dressing false
shirt fronts, collars, cuffs, curtains, and other articles, and applicable
also as a washing machine.
The machine consists of a vessel or receptacle containing the starch
and the article to be treated hung or carried in a suitable frame upon
spring supports to enable it to yield under pressure upon the articles.
In this vessel are suspended three plungers or stampers, each hung from
a crank on a suitable shaft supported in bearings in the frame above the
vessel. The centre plunger is brought into action alternately with the
two sido plungers, which work together, and the latter are so connected
to their cranks that they may be swung towards one another as they

page_text: approach the bottom of the vessel, which is curved or rounded on tho
inside for the purpose.
The action of the machine is such as to work the starch well into the
fabric, as the articles are alternately squeezed and flattened or spread
out by the middle plunger, and pressed up together by the downward 5
and lateral movement of the side plungers, the spring or yielding action
of the vessel enabling the requisite degree of pressure to be applied
without danger of injuring the goods, and without regard to the exact
number of articles placed in the machine to be operated on.
The receptacle or vessel may be made removable for the sake of 1
convenience, and fitted in an open frame hung or supported on springs,
Ansonihod
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SNAP. OR PORTABLE CONNECTORS FOR HARNESS AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES WHERE A METALLIC PORTABLE CONNECTOR MAY BE REQUIRED
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Reynolds at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th July
1873.
I, SAMUEL REYNOLDS, of Pittsburg, State of Pennsylvania, United
States of America, but at present of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SNAP. OR PORTABLE CONNECTORS FOR HARNESS AND
OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES WHERE A METALLIC PORTABLE CONNECTOR MAY BE
REQUIRED,” to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention applies to a snap or catch connector, whereby the ring
or loop of one part is passed over a spring and under a hook, the closing
force of the spring preventing the disengagement of such ring or loop
from the hook without the deflection of the spring catch; and my
improvements in the manufacture simply consist in so moulding and
casting the hook that a hollow is formed, so as not only to provide a seat
for the spring, but to afford full play for its action; in effecting this, the
spring may be deflected by the pressure of the thumb, or by a lever
catch either attached to the spring or working on a lateral axis from the

page_text: open or back side of the shank of the hook. If such spring connectors
are required for attaching to harness a loop may be formed for such
attachment, or a buckle if preferred, or in like manner a solid extension
of the shank may be formed for rivetting to a swivel eye, so as to permit
the hook turning or revolving in a line with its draft action. The hook t
when cast of malleable iron or other ductile metal permits this rivetting
to the swivel or counter part with facility; and although I have
described my Invention as suitable to harness, there are many other
purposes to which it may be adapted.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE NEEDLE ACTION OF CENTRAL- FIRE BREECH-LOADING SMALL-ARMS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Thomas Roberts at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st November 1873.
I, JOSEPH THOMAS ROBERTS, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Gun Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE NEEDLE ACTION OF CENTRAL-
FIRE BREECH-LOADING SMALL-ARMS," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention has for its object the use in central-fire small-arms of a
needle retired from the breech face of the breech block or body by
means of a lever working on an axis deriving its motion from the
tumbler of the lock, which may be of the ordinary construction or other-
wise. The needle is cylindrical with a reduced or small end for passing
through the breech face of the body for exploding the cartridge, but
terminating outward with a semispherical head or nipple, as preferred.
On the side of the cylindrical portion or body of the needle a recess or
slot is formed, into which the long end of a small lever, before'
mentioned, passes, and through a recess or slot formed in the rear end
of the body, and held in position by a small screw or axis, the said lever
having a rear projection which comes in contact with the crane end of

page_text: the tumbler, so that when the lock is down to half cock the needle is
drawn back clear of the breech face, and held in that position untill the
lock is drawn to full cock, when the needle will be free for receiving the
blow of the hammer by the action of the trigger. Thus as a con-
sequence of my improved arrangement no accidental discharge of the
cartridge can take place by striking the outward projecting end or
nipple of the striking part while the lock is at half cock, and rendering
it impossible for the striker or needle to stick or remain down or to be
deranged in any way, which is commonly the case with this important
part of ordinary small-arms, for the action of the needle in my improved
system is purely automaton and controlled solely by the action of the
lock.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES, AND IN MEANS OF AND APPLIANCES FOR UTILIZING THE HEAT THEREFROM FOR WARMING PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: .
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Saul Myers at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
October 1873.
I, SAUL MYERS, of No. 1, Vale Terrace, Maida Vale, in the County
5 of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES, AND IN MEANS OF AND APPLIANCES FOR UTILIZING
THE HEAT THEREFROM FOR WARMING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in stoves in which
coal gas, hydrocarbon oil, and other vaporized or spiritous vapours or
O gases can be consumed for the purposes of giving off heat and light
into rooms, halls, and other places.
The Invention consists in fitting in or into the front of a rectangular
or other shaped box or casing one or more coned, elongated, pyramidal,
or equivalent shaped screen or screens of copper or other metal or
compound having similar heat radiating properties, with one or more
apertures in or near the bottom through which nipples or gas jets
are passed, so that the flames and the heat therefrom can be received
upon or into the screen or screens and radiated into the room or other

page_text: place in which the stove is fitted or arranged for warming it, and also
for temparally lighting it; the main feature aimed at however is the
developement of the heating properties of the screen or screens, and its
or their application for that purpose to nearly all existing domestic gas
stoves.
The back of the screen in some cases is formed with a throat for
leading air and the products of combustion into a space at the rear
of and surrounding the screen, so that the whole of the heat is utilized
firstly by radiation from the hollow or sunken face of the screen, and
secondly, by imparting heat to the air which enters the casing through
the throat aperture, and through other apertures at the bottom of the
casing, from the top of which the heated air escapes into the apart-
ment..
I purpose using what are known as the atmospheric burners for
these stoves, and the nipples or jets can be otherwise employed than
through the holes at the bottom of the screen; the face of the screen
can be protected by a wire gauze, and water vessels can be arranged
within or upon the casing to moisten the heated escaping air. Wings
and blades of copper can also be affixed to the casing if desired.
A NEW AND IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CONTAINING THE FARES TAKEN BY COLLECTORS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dougall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th July
1873.
I, John DougALL, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "A NEW
AND IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CONTAINING THE FARES TAKEN BY COLLECTORS," to
be as follows, that is to say: -
This Invention, which relates to improvements in collecting fares or
payments in tramway cars, omnibuses, and places of public resort or at
other places where payments are made, has for its object to prevent
fraud on the part of the person or persons who collect the fares or
payments.
The apparatus for carrying out this object consists of a box, a portion
of the upper part of which is movable and forced or kept upwards by
springs situated inside the box, but so connected or hinged to the box
proper that it is capable of being depressed by the collector, and in that
act opening a slit through which the money passes or falls into the box.
At the interior of the box one or more inclined diaphragms with a slit of

page_text: sufficient size to allow the coins to pass through it is or are situated.
When more than one such diaphragm is employed it is preferred to
place the slits in each at right angles to each other, or nearly so.
The lower part of the box is provided with a door which is locked by
the person whose duty it is to receive the box from the collector, and 5
before giving it to the collector the door is also scaled so that it cannot
be opened without detection, and the positions of the inclined diaphragms
prevents the money from being abstracted by turning the box over or by
shaking it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter James Henman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th June 1873.
I, WALTER JAMES HENMAN, of Market Hill, Bedford, in the County
of Bedford, Agricultural Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES,” to
be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to adapt reaping and mowing machines
to the cutting of crops of peas, beans, tares, and seed crops generally.
These crops are usully so tangled as to present obstacles to the use of
machinery for cutting the same.
To remove the difficulty hitherto experienced I propose to fit to the
dividing iron or board at the side of the machine a cutting edge or blade
which as the machine enters the tangled crop will divide up the same in
the line of progress of the blade, and thereby enable the machine to
gather in with facility so much of the crop as is met by the advance of
the machine.

page_text: The blade may be straight or curved and its forward end will be
depressed to near the ground and its upper end may stand somewhat
higher than the crop.
If desired an endway motion may be given to the blade and it may
act against a fixed cutting edge after the manner of shears.
I also propose to assist in raising the crop from the ground by giving
the rake a dipping and rising action as it comes round to press the
cutters, and then allowing it to take the ordinary course for sweeping
the cut corn from the platform. This dipping of the rake may be
effected by giving the adjustable." cam path "a double action.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR PREPARING PEAT AS FUEL
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Gray Bass at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
November 1878.
I, ISAAC GRAY BASS, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MACHINERY FOR PREPARING PEAT AS FUEL," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to manufacture condensed peat in a
more efficient and economical way than heretofore, and thereby to
render that material generally applicable as a fuel.
The Invention consists in the combination in one machine of an
arrangement of mechanism by which the peat is first pulled or torn into
shreds and afterwards cut, pulped, pressed, and delivered through a die
or dies, which give it the required form, on to a receiving table where
it is cut into suitable lengths preparatory to removal to the drying
sheds.
-
The process and machine may be more fully described as follows:-
The blocks or sods of peat are fed into a hopper fitted with an arrange-
ment of rotating spikes or claws which tear and separate the fibre of the

page_text: This chamber is fitted
with fixed cutters between which rotate a series of arms carried by a
rotary shaft; or a pair of shafts armed with knives may be used for
pulping the peat. As the peat passes under the action of the knives it
will be effectually cut up or pulped and at the same time be moved
forward towards a die plate, or it may be extended mouth pieces, through
which it will be forced. The peat will thus be moulded into a suitable
shape for conversion (by the application of cutters) into blocks.
peat and then pass it into a pulping chamber.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARD CLOTHING
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Carter Ramsden at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th December 1873.
I, JOHN CARTER RAMSDEN, of Smith House, Lightcliffe, in the Parish
of Halifax, in the County of York, Silk Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARD CLOTHING,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates,-
Firstly. To a new or improved material or substance to be employed
for securing together the materials employed for such clothing, whether
consisting of a combination of leather and felt, leather and cotton, felt
and cotton, cotton to cotton, or leather to leather, or sheet vulcanized
india-rubber to any of these substances.
Secondly. In the use or employment of paper in combination with
any one or more of the materials above enumerated.
Heretofore the substances employed for the purpose of securing together
such materials has been india-rubber; it is however found that the oil

page_text: from woollen fibres when under the operation of carding dissolves the
india-rubber and the various " plies" of cotton or other material
separate. Other compounds which would resist the action of oil have
contained ingredients injurious and destructive to the card teeth.
For the purpose of securing the materials or "plies" employed in the
manufacturer of card clothing I employ gutta percha dissolved in
bisulphate of carbon, forming thereof a solution sufficiently limpid to
apply the said solution to the materials to be secured together.
In combination with leather, cotton, or felt I employ paper in the
manufacture of card clothing.
When the card teeth are set in the clothing the back of the clothing
may be passed over a heated roller or steam pipe, the gutta percha
thereby becomes softened by the heat, and on cooling again the teeth are
secured in their places.
Card clothing, whether made according to this Invention or according
to the practice heretofore employed may, by an ordinary sewing machine
be stitched near its outer edge.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MINERS' SAFETY LAMPS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Benjamin Stone at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th September 1873.
I, JOHN BENJAMIN STONE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MINERS' SAFETY LAMPS," to be as follows:-
In miners' safety lamps as ordinarily constructed a strong hollow
cylinder of glass surrounds the flame. The said hollow cylinder of glass
fits at bottom on the oil reservoir of the lamp, and at top in a ring, to
which the bottom of the wire gauze body of the lamp is affixed, the said
ring being connected to the lamp reservoir by vertical rods or supports.
The light afforded by the miners' safety lamps as thus constructed is
very feeble and much diffused, and the object of my Invention is to
improve the illuminating power of the said lamps by refracting down-
wards the rays falling upon the upper part of the glass, and refracting
upwards the rays falling upon the lower part of the glass, and thus so to
concentrate the light that when the lamp is hung vertically, the illumi-
nation is for the most part directed horizontally in a plane at or about
the same level as that in which the lamp is situated. This I effect by

page_text: making the glass surrounding the flame of a cylindrical figure within,
but of a convex figure without. It may also be made with like effect of
a convex figure or slightly concave figure within and a convex figure
without, the external curvature being of shorter radius than the internal
curvature.
Where it is required to direct the light upwards instead of horizontally
I make the glass of the general figure of a portion of a cone, the internal
shape being truly conical and the external surface convex, or the internal
surface may be concave or convex, in which latter case the external
convexity is of shorter radius than the internal convexity.
Where it is wished to direct the light downwards a glass of the kind
last described may be used, but it is fixed in the lamp in an inverted
position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF CARPETS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Joseph Gillet at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th December 1873.
I, PIERRE JOSEPH GILLET, Merchant, of No. 6, Vieux Marché aux
Grains, in the City of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CARPETS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in combining velvet or cut pile fabrics and
looped or uncut fabrics in the manufacture of carpets which may be
composed of hemp, flax, jute, and wool in any desired and suitable pro-
portions, according to the substance it is wished they should possess.
The result of this combination is that the number of shades or tones
of colour in the carpet is doubled by causing the same colour to assume
two different shades or tones, the cut wool producing the pile fabric and
darkening the shade, whilst the uncut or looped portion of the fabric
presents the same shade as it was dyed,

page_text: In carrying out this Invention the jacquard loom is by preference
made use of, but any loom capable of producing analogous results may
be employed.
The double effect of shade or tone of colour above-mentioned is
obtained by giving two motions to the rods used in the mechanism
employed for weaving the carpet, the first motion for the solid rod pro-
ducing the looped fabric, and the second for the grooved rod forming the
pile or velvet fabric. The rods used do not exceed one half the size of
those usually employed in carpet weaving, those used for the looped
fabric being flat and without a groove, and those for the pile or velvet
fabric being of the same form, but with a groove for cutting the wool.
At the first motion given to the loom the first "carton" causes all the
cords arranged from the pattern to form the looped portion to rise, whilst
the second motion which is imparted causes the opposite series of cords
to rise in order to produce the second effect of shade or tone of colour by
forming the pile or velvet fabric. Exactly the same number of
"cartons" is required to produce this improved description of carpet
as would be used if each shade or tone produced were a distinct colour,
that is to say, if three colours are to produce six shades or tones, as
many "cartons
are required as if six distinct colours were employed.
In other respects the method of weaving carpets in accordance with
this Invention is substantially the same as that used for weaving looped
fabric carpets generally.
A NEW COLORING MATTER OR DYE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th April 1873.-A communication from abroad by Emile Digeon
and George Goldsmith, both of Paris, France.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW COLORING MATTER OR DYE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the application of an extract of the roots
of the asphodel (a plant of the order liliaceae), in dyeing and in the
preparation of coloring matters and more especially of a yellow coloring
matter. This color may be obtained direct by decoction from the
fresh or dried roots, but it is preferable to extract the juice by any of
the known means employed for triturating roots and extracting vegetable
juices, such as mills or rasps. From the juice obtained lakes are pre-
pared by the ordinary means, or it may be preserved by means of anti-
septics or concentrated by evaporation.
The juice may be substituted with advantage for the extracts of dyer's
weed and of quercitron. When used alone it forms a yellow admirably

page_text: suited for producing green colors when mixed with blue, and will
produce shades of maroon by dipping fabrics dyed with the yellow into
an alkaline bath, which result is unattainable with the yellows hitherto
known.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE ESCAPES BY A LIFT
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sidney Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
December 1873.
I, SIDNEY JOHNSON, of No. 2, Holmesdale Place, Holmesdale Road,
South Norwood, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE ESCAPES BY A LIFT," to be
as follows:-
'
The above is intended to be worked by a continuation of levers, so
that by pressing the bottom levers will raise the whole of the others at
one time. The levers are secured by cross bars and work upon centres.
At the top of levers is a box or receiver, so as to send up firemen to
rescue persons from fire, which is done in a few seconds and can con-
tinually be repeated. The lift and receiver is fixed so as to run between
supports, which are fixed for a guide and steadiment. It is constructed
to run on wheels similar to the present fire escapes now in use, and the
machine will be constructed principally of metal, so the fire will not
effect it.
IMPROVEMENTS. IN THE declare the nature of the said Invention for APPARATUS USED IN HANGING, COOLING, AND CUTTING UP PIGS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by John, Joseph, Martin at the
:
Office of the Commissioners of Patents; with his Petition, on the
28th October 1873.
I, John JosepH MARTIN, of Nos. 12 and 13, New Church Street, in
the County of the City of Dublin, Ireland, Bacon Curer, do hereby
"IMPROVEMENTS. IN THE
declare the nature of the said Invention for
APPARATUS USED IN HANGING, COOLING, AND CUTTING UP PIGS," to be as
follows:-
Heretofore in cooling and cutting up newly killed pigs it has been the
practice when the pig has been scalded and scraped to suspend it from
a horizontal bar by means of a short gambol hooked into the strong
sinews of the lower extremity of each of the animal's hind legs, leaving
the carcase free to travel along the horizontal bar by means of a hook
from the centre of the gambol. When so suspended the pig was dis-
embowelled and allowed to partially cool. The carcase was then un-
hooked from the gambol, carried away by men, and suspended by
stationary hooks fast in the wall. In this position the animal was
divided lengthways down the back, and further cut up as required by the

page_text: operator, and the parts were again unhooked and carried away by men
and hung up to cool.
Now my Invention consists in using such a gambol and in so hanging
and fixing the carcase that these operations can be carried on without
removing or changing the carcase or gambol, thereby expiditing the
cooling of the carcase and obviating the heavy labor, expense, and loss
of time attendant on such removals. I use a much longer gambol than
has been heretofore used, and when the pig has been disembowelled, and
while suspended from the travelling horizontal bar I prevent the carcase
and gambol moving along the bar by a hook fastened into one side of
the carcase at the joining of the tail to the body, and made fast by a
connecting rod to part of the bar overhead. Thus by the operator holding
the leg on the side opposite to the side so made fast, the carcase is
rendered perfectly, steady and may be divided, decapitated, and the back-
bone removed without change. On the division being made, the sides,
owing to the length of the "gambol" used, hang far apart and are in
process of cooling a few moments after their suspension.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN DOMESTIC FIRE-PLACES FOR RADIATING HEAT AND ECONOMIZING FUEL
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Rickard and Esau
Foster at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 19th February 1873.
We, SAMUEL RICKARD and ESAU FOSTER, of Halifax, in the County
of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IM-
PROVEMENTS IN DOMESTIC FIRE-PLACES FOR RADIATING HEAT AND ECONOMIZING
FUEL," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates chiefly to kitchen or cottage fire-places, ranges,
or grates, but is also applicable to other kinds of fire-places, and the
improvements consist in the application thereto of a heat deflector or
plate of metal, fire-brick, or other suitable material. This plate is placed
at an incline over the fire-range or grate resting at its bottom end on
the back part thereof, inclining upwards towards the mantel, leaving a
space betwixt for the passage of the smoke being held in position by
either a grate or one or more props attached to the deflector. By means
of this deflector or plate the heat from the fire is deflected into and
radiated in the room instead of passing up the room as heretofore, and
consequently a smaller quantity of fuel will suffice to warm the room.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OPERATING TRAMWAY POINTS, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Watson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd January
1873.
I, JOHN WATSON, of Govan, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OPERATING TRAMWAY POINTS, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED
THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention which relates to improvements in operating tramway
points, and in the means employed therefor, has for its object to enable
the car driver to actuate the points from the platform of the car on
which he stands.
The Invention consists in connecting to the points a lever or levers
one portion of which passes into a groove in a plate whose upper surface
is flush or nearly so with the roadway. On the platform of the tramway
car two rods with handles or foot levers or treadles for actuating them,
and capable of being moved upwards or downwards in guides, are
situated, and to the under side of each of these bars a disc or wheel is
attached which when lowered enters a groove in the plate and depresses

page_text: the portion of the lever system which is situate in that groove; this has
the effect of shifting the point and keeping it in the required position to
guide the car. As the driver of the car lowers either the right hand or
left hand handle or foot lever or treadle he simultaneously depresses the
right or left hand disc or wheel, and this entering the groove in the plate
connected to the point or points regulates its or their position accordingly.
The grooves in the plate may be either in the line of grooves of the
tram rail or between them. The discs or wheels are provided with
springs or their equivalent in order to raise them off the roadway
when required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN do hereby for STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Orlando Lowe at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd January
1873.
'I, ORLANDO Lowe, of Stretford, in the Ancient Parish of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Surgical Plaister Manufacturers' Manager,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in substituting for a fire-brick arch usually
constructed at the end of the fire-bars of steam boilers an iron cylinder
or tube formed of ordinary boiler plates and rivetted at each sido to the
boiler by a flange. The cylinder or tube is open at cach end so as to
allow the water in the boiler to flow freely through such iron cylinder or
tube, thereby presenting a larger surface to the action of the fire, and
thereby also causing the more rapid generation of steam in the boiler
than is possible by the mode at present in use of constructing steam
boilers. Stays can be used to strengthen the cylinder or tube.
IMPROVED Apparatus FOR PRINTING ON PAPER, LINEN, PARCHMENT, WOOD, STONE, GLASS, METAL, OR OTHER SUITABLE MATERIAL
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st March 1873.
I, GEORGE HENRY SMITH, of Colchester, in the County of Essex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED Apparatus
FOR PRINTING ON PAPER, LINEN, PARCHMENT, WOOD, STONE, GLASS, METAL, OR
OTHER SUITABLE MATERIAL," to be as follows :—
This Invention has for its object the production of a stamp of an
improved elastic material or composition, which may be used either by
hand or in a press.
The improved composition which I employ is a mixture of glue and
leather dissolved by heat, which when of the required consistency is
poured upon a mould, which is stereotyped in plaster of Paris or papier
maché from any surface of the design or pattern required to be repro-
duced upon the elastic stamp.

page_text: The stereotyped mould is coated with varnish, or is greased before the
composition is poured thereon, in order to facilitate the removal of the
stamp and preserve the lines of the forms from which the impression is
taken. The stamp or die thus produced is secured upon a backing or
holder of wood or metal, and is used for printing labels of any description, 5
and for general printing purposes.
AN IMPROVED DANGER, WARNING, AND FOG SIGNALLING APPARATUS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Sumners and Hugh
Fraser at the Office of tho Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th April 1873.
We, HENRY SUMNERS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Architect, and HUGH FRASER, of Bridge Town, Nova Scotia, but at
present residing in Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Master
Mariner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED DANGER, WARNING, AND FOG SIGNALLING APPARATUS," to be as
follows:-
The object is to provide simple, durable, and efficient apparatus to be
employed in giving audible signals in time of danger, or for notifying
the tack or position of a vessel, and is suitable for use on board navigable
vessels or on land, and consists in the following combination of parts :-
A whistle or similar appliance is attached to a reservoir of suitable shape
and size, into which air is forced by means of a force pump of ordinary
construction. We preferably use two force pumps; the force pump or
force pumps are worked by a hand lever or fly wheel and crank shaft.
The whistle or similar appliance is provided with two cocks; one is

page_text: opened and closed by hand, so that any desired signal can be given; the
other is worked by a cam or cams secured to a shaft caused to rotate on
working the pump or pumps.
Several cams, we prefer four, may be used, each being adapted to give
some peculiar signal, and the cock lever can be arranged so that it
can be brought into position to be acted upon by any one of the said
cams.
The shaft carrying the cams may be caused to rotate by working the
pumps, either by pawl and ratchet arrangements when a hand lever is
used, or by wheel gearing when a crank shaft and fly wheel are used. A
pressure gauge and safety valve are provided.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE or Gas
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION loft by Thomas Chappell at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
February 1878.
I, THOMAS CHAPPELL, of Finsbury Park, in the County of Middlesex,
Plumber, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE or Gas," to be as follows:—
This Invention relates to or consists in manufacturing gas for lighting
and heating purposes from a new or improved artificial material
composed of petroleum, petroleum spirit, paraffine oil, or any other
suitable oil or spirit combined with chalk, chalk stone, clunch, or any
other suitable earthy substance.
For the purpose of manufacturing gas according to this Invention I
prefer to use crude petroleum combined with chalk. The chalk is first
thoroughly dried and then well saturated with the petroleum, or the
chalk may be first powdered and then mixed with as much petroleum as
it will absorb. The material thus produced may be used for the
manufacture of gas instead of coal and may be employed in the ordinary
retorts at present in uso for the manufacture of coal gas; it is
introduced into the retort after the manner of coal, and the gas

page_text: generated is afterwards treated in like manner as coal gas. The chalk
thus introduced into the retort with the petroleum prevents the
possibility of any explosion and is at the same time converted into
lime by the heat to which it is subjected, thus raising its commercial
value.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELS FOR RAILWAY ROLLING STOCK
Year: 1873

page_text: .
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lloyd Wise at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st August 1873.-A communication from abroad by Francis
Cowell Pratt, Mechanical Engineer, and Frederick Parsons,
Mechanical Engineer, both of Moscow, Russia.
I, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELS FOR
RAILWAY ROLLING STOCK," to be as follows:-
"
The object of this Invention is to firmly secure the tyres to the wheels
or bodies of wheels of railway rolling stock, in such manner as to
prevent the wheels from leaving.the rails in the event of a tyre breaking.
For this purpose the lateral edges or sides of the rims of the wheels or
bodies are made to fit or take into annular or segmental recesses so
formed in the tyres, and in rings or bolt heads or plates attached
thereto, as to leave flanges opposite the inner peripheries or circum-
ferences of the side parts of the wheel rims, which flanges, by over-
lapping such inner peripheries or circumferences will prevent the tyres
from flying off should they get broken,
•

page_text: According to one arrangement a recessed inside flange is formed on the
outer side of the inner periphery of the tyre, the recess being bounded
at one of its side by the main body of the tyre, and at the other side by
an annular projection or flange, so that when a lateral part or side of
the rim of the wheel or body is in the recess, the annular projection or
flange will overlap or loosely fit over the inner periphery or circumference
of such lateral part of the rim.
At the opposite side of the wheel the tyre is secured by a ring having
two annular projections or flanges, one of which takes into a recess or
groove in the side of the tyre and the other laps or fits loosely over the
inner periphery of that side of the wheel's rim, the ring being properly
secured to the tyre by bolts or rivets passing through the inside flange
of the tyre, and through the rim of the wheel.
A
i
The ring may be cut to admit of its removal and replacement when
necessary, and its form may be varied to suit circumstances.
In some cases plate headed bolts or washers may be substituted for
the ring above.described, the bolt heads or washers, as the case may be,
being formed at their inner parts or sides with suitable projections or
ribs, one to take into a recess in the side of the tyre and the other to-
lap or fit loosely over the inner periphery or side of the rim of the a
wheel.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF OBTAINING HEAT FOR HEATING STEAM BOILERS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN THE APPARATUS USED FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathaniel Lloyd at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with liis Petition, on the 30th
June 1873.
I, NATHANIEL LLOYD, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF OBTAINING HEAT FOR HEATING STEAM
BOILERS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN THE APPARATUS USED FOR THAT
PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
The part of the Invention for obtaining heat consists in dispensing
with the ordinary fire-bars, and in burning coal in a small or pul-
verized state in one or more tubes of fire-clay or other material, the
coal being fed from a hopper into the tube or tubes, which are caused
to rotate by suitable machinery.
Between the tubes and the boiler or other apparatus to be heated
I make a chamber in which the products of combustion can be mixed
with air (if required) in regulated quantities so as to ensure perfect
combustion. The ashes formed travel down the tubes by their rotation
and fall into the mixing chamber, from which they are withdrawn, and

page_text: the flame passes from the mixing chamber direct into the flues of the
boiler or other apparatus to be heated.
Another part of my Invention consists in causing the flame issuing
from the revolving tubes to pass through or over pieces of iron which
may be conveniently placed in the chamber at the end of the tubes;
which chamber is provided with one or more openings through which
the pieces of iron are put, and may be removed after having been
oxidized.
Steam is blown in the tubes at the hopper ends, and passes along
with the incandescent gases through or over the iron, air being supplied
(if required) as before in the mixing chamber. By this method of
heating I am enabled to increase the number of water tubes in steam
boilers, and bring them to the end of the flues instead of being only
in a portion of the flue as at present.
Though I have only named coal in the foregoing description as the
material used for obtaining heat, other substances or materials such as
oil may be used in the tubes, revolving or otherwisc.
AN IMPROVED HYDRAULIC BLAST APPARATUS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Jacob Hahn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th June 1873.
I, EDWARD JACOB HAHN, of Frankfurt-on-the-Main, in the Empire
of Germany, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED HYDRAULIC BLAST APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
The apparatus consists of a vessel containing the fluid, and in which
two spiral cylinders move on a shaft which is caused to revolve by any
usual and well known means. The spiral cylinders are placed side by
side on a hollow cone through which the shaft passes, and so high up in
the vessel containing the fluid that the latter reaches the middle of the
shaft.
The two spiral cylinders have each an opening at their opposite outer
peripheries and likewise towards the interior, so that the fluid piston
enters at the periphery, pressing the air contained in the spiral cylinders
before it into the inner hollow cone, whence it is carried off by a pipe to
the place where the blast is required, the water returning to the vessel
by another pipe, or it may be utilised for other purposes, such as for
assisting the power required to drive the blast apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE RELEASING OF SHIPS' BOATS OR OTHER WEIGHTS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Constantine Nicolaiwitch
Artsayooloff at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 4th April 1873.—A communication from abroad
by Stepan Stepanowitch Stepanoff, of St. Petersburgh, in the
Empire of Russia, Lieutenant of Naval Engineers, in the Russian
Imperial Navy.
I, CONSTANTINE NICOLAIWITCH ARTSAYOOLOFF, Lieutenant of Naval
Architects in the Russian Imperial Navy, at present residing at No. 11,
Sydney Street, Brompton, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
EFFECTING THE RELEASING OF SHIPS' BOATS OR OTHER WEIGHTS," (communicated
to me from abroad by Stepan Stepanowitch Stepanoff, of St. Petersburgh,
in the Empire of Russia, Lieutenant of Naval Engineers in the Russian
Imperial Navy) to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to facilitate the releasing of ships' boats
from hooks or such like means when lowered from boat slings or other
supports, and the application thereof to effecting the releasing of other
weights. For this purpose the connecting means to the ends or parts of
the boat or other weight are each formed in parts, the hook part thereof

page_text: being capable of turning on a centre or pivot bolt carried by the main
portion, and having an arm projecting upwards with a hinged catch
acted upon by a spring with a tendency to cause such catch to hold on
to a piece formed on or applied to the main portion. This main portion
also carries another lever piece with a part thereof capable when the
lower portion of this lever piece is drawn upon to raise the hinged catch
so as to release it, and thereby free the hook, which then by the action of
its own weight aided by the action of the spring above referred to turns
upon its axis, releasing the boat or other weight. A holding or releasing
bolt is applied so as to hold the parts in position when required, and
which must be released before the parts can act to relieve. A projection
or projections on the main part also act with the hook until the hook is
released to retain a ring or other connection on that hook.
In the use of such apparatus for the support of ships' boats they would
in most cases be applied in pairs when the releasing levers thereof
would be towards each other, so that a pull on a line connecting them
may readily release both simultaneously, the line passing upwards from
a connecting line over a pulley block supported above, and descending
with its end in the boat to be acted upon by a person in it.
A NEW OR IM- PROVED SUBSTITUTE FOR COAL, AND IN THE METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Mitchell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
November 1873.
I, JOSEPH MITCHELL, of Broadstairs, in the County of Kent, Architect,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IM-
PROVED SUBSTITUTE FOR COAL, AND IN THE METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME," to
be as follows:-
The object of my present Invention is to produce a cheap substitute
for coal, and the means by which I propose to attain that object are as
follows: I take a quantity of chalk and break the large lumps into
small convenient pieces, I then dry the said chalk by any convenient
means, and soak or steep this dried material in mineral or other tar, or
in any similar inflammable matter or combinations or mixtures thereof,
until it is properly saturated.
The tar or other inflammable matter may be either heated or not
according to convenience or to the desired quality or description of my
improved fuel. The time occupied by this process varies from 6 to 24
hours according to the quality of the chalk, the sizes of the lumps

page_text: thereof, and to the degree of heat to which the tar or other inflammable
matter is raised. When the chalk is sufficiently saturated I draw off the
remaining or surplus tar or other inflammable material from the said
chalk, now my prepared fuel or substitute for coal, and then remove the
latter to suitable places for drying. When dry it is ready for use or 5
sale.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS OR COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD, WHEREBY THE SAME ARE RENDERED CAPABLE OF SAVING LIFE AT SEA
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Ramsay at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
November 1873.
I, THOMAS RAMSAY, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS OR COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD, WHEREBY
THE SAME ARE RENDERED CAPABLE OF SAVING LIFE AT SEA," to be as follows,
that is to say :—
This Invention, which relates to improvements in the construction
of hats, caps, or similar coverings for the head, has for its object to
adapt them or parts thereof to be placed around the neck of the wearer,
so as to constitute a life belt or float for preventing the sinking of
persons if cast into the sea.
According to one modification the upper and lower parts of the hat
form distinct members, but are connected together by elastic straps or
ties. The lower part or brim is formed of elastic material, so that it
can be pulled down over the face of the wearer and made to surround
the wearer's neck. This portion of the hat is also duplex or hollow,

page_text: and provided with a tube by which the wearer inflates the duplex or
hollow portion, thus forming it into a float.
According to a second modification a cap is constructed of elastic
material at the required places and formed with a joint or opening at
or near the middle of the crown, so that it can be opened out or closed
as required. The joint may be closed by a button, buckle, or its
equivalent. At the sides the cap is formed duplex or hollow, the top
or upper part may also be similarly formed. The duplex or hollow
portion or portions are also provided with a tube for inflating them.
When used for the purposes of this Invention the joint at the upper
part is unclosed, thus permitting the cap to be pulled down over the
face and on to the neck of the wearer.
According to a third modification a cap is formed with an opening
in the crown, closed by an elastic band when the cap is worn in the
ordinary way. The elasticity of the band is however such that it will
enable the cap to be pulled down over the head and on to the neck of
the wearer when required. The side portions of the cap are formed
duplex or hollow and provided with a tube for inflating them.