IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTS, WAGGONS, LORRIES, AND OTHER WHEELED VEHICLES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Dobbing, of Fighting Cocks, near Darlington, in the
County of Durham, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTS,
WAGGONS, LORRIES, AND OTHER WHEELED VEHICLES."
Sealed the 12th July 1878, and dated the 21st January 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Dobbing at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st January 1878.
"
JOHN DOBBING, of Fighting Cocks, near Darlington, in the County of Durham,
Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTS, WAGGONS, LORRIES, AND OTHER WHEELED
VEHICLES."
.
This Invention consists of improvements in the construction of carts, waggons,
lorries, and other wheeled vehicles, by means of which they are made of great
strength and durability.
To carry out my Invention I construct the bodies of carts of wrought, malleable
iron, wood, and steel, the parts forming the same I wield, rivet, or bolt together.
The sides are grooved to receive the bottom of the cart. At the under side of the
framework I fix horns of malleable iron, and in these horns I fix an axle carrier or
axle box; between the axle box and the frame of the cart I fix an india-rubber
spring. The axles are made of steel, without either coller pins, linch pins, or caps,
but having a solid collar. The shafts are made of steel, and are hinged to the
horns or axle guides.
For the purpose of tipping the cart when necessary I cut a slot in the frame-
work, into which a tapered boll is driven by means of a spiral spring, thus securing
the cart to the shafts. The tipping is effected by a lever key, which lever is
actuated by merely pushing the spring, and the cart is brought into position again
by means of the lever, which is self acting.
The wheels I construct as follows:-I make the nave of cast iron, the same being
chilled, and thus the wearing part is hardened and rendered file proof. The spokes
are made of wrought-iron tube, with rivet plug screwed inside to fix the same to

page_text: the rim, or screwed outside, as the size and strength of the wheel require. The
rim is made of wrought malleable iron in one ring, leaving the same unwelded.
I then fix the wrought-iron tubular spokes to the rim before casting the nave;
after the nave is cast in the wheel the rim is gradually healed, and while hot
I weld the rim, and thus secure an even contraction over the whole. Upon
this rim I fix a steel tyre, weldless, which is firmly held on the rim by means of
a concave and convex arrangement, the convex portion of the rim fitting into the
concave portions of the tyre, thus requiring neither bolts or rivets, and at the same
time rendering the tyre exceedingly strong and much less liable to breakage.
To lubricate the wheel I form a recess in the fore end of the nave, and another
recess in the middle of the nave, and secure the oil from wasting by means of a
small brass plug fixed in the outer end of the nave.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Dobbing in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 20th July
1878.
JOHN DOBBING, of Fighting Cocks, near Darlington, in the County of Durham,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTS, WAGGONS, LORRIES, AND OTHER WHEELED
VEHICLES."
This Invention consists of improvements in the construction of carts, waggons,
lorries, and other wheeled vehicles, by means of which they are made of great
strength and durability..
And in order that this my said Invention may be readily understood I will
proceed to describe the same by the aid of the annexed Drawings, wherein,―
Fig. 1 represents a side elevation of a cart constructed according to my Inven-
tion; Fig. 2 represents a longitudinal section of the same.
Fig. 3 shews a transverse section of the body of the cart.
And Fig. 4 represents a half-size elevation of a wheel.
Fig. 5 represents a part section of rim and spoke, and shewing the mode of
attachment.
Fig. 6 shews detail views of tipping apparatus.
To carry out my Invention I construct the bodies A of carts of wrought,
malleable iron, wood, and steel, the parts forming the same I weld, rivet, or bolt
together. The sides are grooved to receive the bottom of the cart. At the under
side of the framework B I fix horns C of malleable iron or cast steel, and in these
horns I fix an axle carrier or axle box D; between the axle box and the frame of
the cart I fix an india-rubber spring E. The axles F are made of steel, without
either cotter pins, linch pins, or caps, but having a solid collar G. The shafts H
are made of steel, and are hinged to the horns or axle guides.
For the purpose of tipping the cart when necessary I cut a slot in the framework
or fix to the body a plate I, having a hole or slot J cut in it to engage the spring
bolt K, the bolt being kept in position by means of the spiral spring L, the latter

page_text: with the bolt working in a socket fixed to the cross bar of the shafts; the tipping
is effected by the bolt K being pushed back against the spring L by means of the
lever key M. The cart is brought into position again, and the plate I striking
against the taper end of the bolt K forces it back until the slot J is in position,
when the bolt flies forward, and so securely locks the body of the cart to the
shafts.
The wheels I construct as follows:-I make the nave N of cast iron or cast steel,
the same being chilled, and thus the wearing part is hardened and rendered file-
proof. The spokes O are made of wrought-iron tube, round or oval, as size and
strength of wheels require, with rivet plug screwed inside to fix the same to the
rim Q, or screwed outside, as the size and strength of the wheel require; or flat
steel bars fixed to rim and nave with screw bolts or rivets. The rim Q is made of
wrought malleable iron or cast steel in one ring, and either L section, as shewn on
the Drawing, or T section, or any other suitable section, leaving the same unwelded;
or when made in cast steel fit together in segments. I then fix the wrought-iron
tubular spokes O to the rim before casting the nave N ; after the nave is cast in the
wheel the rim is gradually heated, and while hot I weld the rim, and thus secure
an even construction over the whole. Upon this rim I fix a steel tyre R, weldless,
which is firmly held on the rim by means of a concave and convex arrangement;
or if the rim is made in cast steel, as named above, I dispense with weldless tyre, the
convex portion of the rim fitting into the concave portions of the tyre, thus
requiring neither bolts or rivets, and at the same time rendering the tyre exceed-
ingly strong and much less liable to breakage.
To lubricate the wheel I form a recess in the fore end of the nave and another
recess in the middle of the nave, and secure the oil from wasting by means of a
small brass plug fixed in the outer end of the nave.
Having thus described the nature and object of my said Invention, I would
observe that I do not claim any of the parts taken separately and apart from the
other, nor do I restrict or confine myself to the precise details herein given so long
as the general features of my said Invention are observed and the peculiar character
of the improvements are retained; but that what I claim and desire to be secured
to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the novel arrangement
and combination of parts to be used in the construction of carts, waggons, lorries,
and other wheeled vehicles, and the peculiar mode or method of constructing the
same, in the manner and for the purpose substantially as herein-before described,
and shewn on the Drawings, or any mere modification thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Dobbing, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Nineteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-eight.
JOHN DOBBING. (L.S.)