BRUSH-STOCK BORING MACHINERY
Year: 1885

page_text: ?
I, CHARLES LEESE WATCHURST of No 33 Blessington Road, Lee, in the county
of Kent, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for BRUSH-STOCK
BORING MACHINERY to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to prepare brush-stocks by boring so that they
may be afterwards filled with bristles, the boring being effected automatically in
a machine in such a way that the brush-stock being fed in at one part of the
machine is delivered at another part after being operated upon therein, bored in
the required manner.
To obtain the required order of operations I provide a turntable with a number
of attachments secured thereon at regular angular positions. On the base of the
machine, and corresponding to these angular positions, a number of drills are
placed, and after the brush-stock has been fed into an attachment on the turntable,
the turntable is movei by suitable means around its centre passing successively
the drills which are made to bore the brush-stock. When each attachment on the
turntable carrying a brush stock has thus passed all the drills, the brush stock will
have been bored in the required manner, and is then caused to drop out of the
machine:
In carrying out my invention I provide a framework, constructed in a suitable.
manner, on which is mounted a turntable able to be revolved about its centre.
The turntable is required to be moved intermittently stopping for an interval of
time at each angular position so that the drills placed at such positions may enter
and bore the brush-stocks. To accomplish this I arrange a vertical shaft in a
position, by preference, corresponding with the centre of the turntable and which
is driven with a regular angular velocity from the primary motion. The turntable
has formed on it an internal annular spur wheel into which another spur wheel
gears. This second spur wheel is driven intermittently by the use of a counter-
wheel and pinion which has motion communicated to it from the centre shaft
before mentioned. By this means the turntable has an intermittent motion given
to it the duration of which corresponds to the time required to move the turntable
the distance of one division of the angular positions.
On the outer part or edge of the turntable and at each angular position into
which it is divided I mount an attachment for holding and carrying the brush-
stocks. These attachments are inade by preference of a pair of levers which are

page_text: made to grip the ends of the brush-stocks, and which are closed on the brush-
stocks by the action of a cam-wheel controlled by a spring, or by other convenient
means.
Outside the turntable and mounted on the base of the machine I erect a feed
hopper into which the brush-stocks are first placed, and at each time that one
of the holding attachments on the turntable is brought opposite to the feed-hopper
by the intermittent motion of the turntable a brush-stock is fed into the attach-
ment and held there by the levers and cam before mentioned. The feed is
effected by means of a lever, which pushes the brush-stocks out of the hopper
and which is connected to a crank and link motion, or in other convenient ways.
On the base of the machine and corresponding with the angular positions of the
holding attachments I mount a number of drill bases into which drill spindles are
placed. The drills are made to revolve and to be fed up to and bore the brush-
stock in the manner hereinafter described. The drill spindles are arranged in their
bases at each angular position in such a manner that when any one brush-stock
has passed over and been operated upon by the drills at each position successively
it will have been bored in the required manner. It is then allowed to drop out
of the machine by the opening of the levers of the attachment which held it,
which opening may be effected by a projection on the cam wheel which closes
the gripping levers being brought into contact with a fixed projection on the
machine, and thus causing the cam wheel to open the levers, or by other suitable
means.
The drills are made to revolve and the feed to be put on automattically in the
following manner :-The drill spindle is formed substantially of two parts or
divisions, although each part or division may be made up of one or more pieces
having relative motion or otherwise to each other. The one part or division is
substantially a sleeve with an internal screw-thread made in it at one end; a rope
pulley is also formed on the outside of the sleeve. The other part or division is
substantially a spindle which is screwed for a part of its length so as to work
in the internal screw-thread of the sleeve. The drill is secured to the top end of
this spindle and a rope pulley to the other end. The rope pulley instead of being
secured to this internal spindle may be formed with a female screw working in
contact with the screw thread on the spindle, in which case a feather way is
formed in the sleeve in place of the internal screw-thread. The drill is made
to revolve regularly by motion given to the pulley secured to the sleeve by which
means both the sleeve and the internal spindle are turned together.
At certain times as determined the internal spindle and the pulley formed on it,
or the pulley itself formed with a female screw as before described is made to
revolve at a quicker rate than the pulley on the sleeve by means of motion com-
municated to the pulley on the spindle as hereinafter described. The internal
spindle is thus by means of the difference of revolution of the internal and
external parts of the spindle, screwed or made to pass up the sleeve. By this
means the drill is fed up to and enters the brush-stock in which it bores the
desired hole. The extra motion which was given to the internal spindle is now
stopped and, as hereinafter shown, a considerable resistance is imparted to its
motion the consequence of which is that the sleeve now revolves at a quicker
rate than the internal spindle so that this spindle is caused to be screwed down
to a certain point when both the sleeve and the internal drill spindle revolve
together as at the first. This feed is given to the drill whenever a stoppage of the
brush-stocks is caused by the action of the turntable as before described, so that
each brush-stock is bored successively by the drills at each drill base, the drill
spindles being arranged as required and the whole number of them corresponding
to the number of holes required in the brush stocks.
.
The drills are made to revolve by motion given from rope pulleys mounted on
the centre vertical shaft before mentioned. In giving this motion I mount one
rope pulley securely on the centre shaft, the pulley therefore receiving continuous
regular motion of revolution. By means of ropes or belts, revolution from this

page_text: pulley is imparted regularly and continuously to the pulleys on the sleeve of the
drill spindles as before mentioned. Side by side with this rope pulley on the
centre shaft I mount another rope pulley of a larger diameter revolving loosely
on its shaft. Motion is given to this loose pulley by means of friction gearing put
in action at the required times by means of connections from a cam which is
caused to revolve once for every step made by the turntable. The loose pulley
at these times is caused to revolve at the same number of revolutions as the tight
pulley but as it is of larger diameter it thus acquires a greater circumferential
speed. By means of ropes or belts revolution from this pulley is imparted to the
pulleys on the internal spindles of the drill spindles which thus, at certain times
controlled by the cam connected with the friction gearing, are made to revolve at
a quicker speed than the sleeve of the drill spindles. When the frictional contact
is taken off, the motion of the loose pulley is retarded or tends to stop by which
means a considerable resistance is given to the revolution of the internal drill
spindle which is thus caused to be screwed down as before described.
I may arrange intermediate rope pulleys between the pulleys on the centre shaft
and the pulleys on the drill spindles, so as to multiply the motion of the drills to
the required speed. I make the rope pulleys on the centre shaft and also the
intermediate pulleys with several rope grooves so as to take the motion off, at
different points in order that the drill spindles arranged around the machine may
be driven easily.
I wish it to be understood that instead of a turntable, with attachments,
revolving round its centre as described I may use a sliding table carrying
attachments and passing over drill bases suitably arranged, but in other respects
the mode of operation and the motion given to the drills would be similar to that
hereinbefore described.

page_text: I, CHARLES, LEESE WATCHURST of 33 Blessington Road, Lee in the County of
Kent, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
The object of this Invention is to prepare brush stocks by boring so that they
may be afterwards filled with bristles; the boring being effected automatically in
a machine in such a way that the brush stock being fed in at one part of the
machine is delivered at another part after being operated upon therein, bored in
the required manner.
The Invention is illustrated in the accompanying sheet of drawings in which
Fig. 1 is the elevation of the machine, shewing a part in sectional elevation.
Fig. 2 is the part plan view of the machine.
Fig. 3 is a view drawn to an enlarged scale of the stock holding attachments.
Fig. 4 is a detached view of the mechanism for moving the attachment cams.
Figs. 5. 6 are views, in vertical section, drawn to an enlarged scale of two
arrangements of the drill spindles.
Fig. 7 is a plan view of the spindle shewing the studs or projections on the
spindle and sleeve.
To obtain the required order of operations I provide a turntable A with
a number of attachments B B secured thereon in which the brush stocks C C are
held. The attachments are placed at regular angular positions round the turntable.
On the base of the machine and corresponding to these angular positions a number
of drill-bases R¹ R¹ are mounted in each of which is placed several drill spindles T T.
After the brush stock C has been fed into an attachment B on the turntable A, the
turntable is moved by suitable means around its centre the attachments B B
successively passing over the drill bases R' R¹. When each brush stock, held in
the attachments has thus passed over and been drilled by all the drills the brush
stock will have been bored in the required manner, and is then caused to drop out
of the machine.
In carrying out my invention I construct a framework which is formed sub-
stantially of an annular ring F supported on and bolted to standards F¹. The
ring F may be made of one casting or of parts bolted together, or in any suitable
manner as preferred. The upper side of the ring or framework F is turned to
form a horizontal bearing surface on which slides or revolves a turntable A.
Suitable rollers or balls A¹ A¹ may be placed between the sliding surfaces so as to
diminish friction.
The turntable A requires for purposes herein after described, to be moved inter-
mittently through a short angular distance. To accomplish this I arrange a vertical
shaft G in a position, by preference, corresponding with the centre of motion of the
turntable A. Motion is communicated to the shaft G through a pair of bevel
wheels GG, one of which is mounted on the shaft G2, which carries at its other
end outside the base of the machine (not shown in the drawing) belt pulleys driven

page_text: from the primary motion in the usual manner. The vertical shaft G is supported
by a girder F extending across the machine and bolted to two opposite
standards F F¹. By means of spur gearing H, H¹, H³, H³, suitably mounted
on the cross girder F the wheel I, acting as the driver of a pair of counter wheel
mechanism, is driven at the required speed and at a regular angular velocity, and
drives with an intermittent motion the counter wheel I. A spur wheel H,
secured to the counter wheel I, is geared into an internal spur wheel A' formed on
the inner edge of the turntable A, which by this means is driven through equal
angular distances with an intermittent motion taking place at regular intervals of
time.
The turntable A is divided into a number of equal angular parts, which are, by
preference, twenty two in number in the machine illustrated in this specification.
On the outer part or edge of the turntable and at each angular position into which
it is divided, I mount an attachment B for holding and carrying the brush stocks.
For convenience of description in the plan view Fig. 2 a number of the angular
positions are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, .... As shown in Fig. 3 the attachment or
plate B which is bolted to the turntable A carries two arins or levers K K which
are pivotted at one end on studs K¹ K¹. The other end of the levers K K are
made in such a form as to hold between them the brush stock C, as shown in plan
in Fig. 2. The outer part of the attachment B carries a stud B¹ on which is
mounted a collar or half coupling B. Bolted to this collar B³ is a disc L, having
formed on its under side double crown cam grooves L'L'. A stud K* on the upper
side of each of the levers K K engages in the cam grooves, so that when the cam
disc L is moved round its axis the lovers K K will be caused to open or close, thus
freeing or gripping the brush stock between them. The cam disc is kept in its
normal position with the levers gripping the brush stock by means of a spring L³.
The cam disc is moved on its axis and the levers opened by means hereafter
described. The pivots K' K² are able to be secured at different positions laterally
in the slots K K³ so that the levers may grip brush stocks of different sizes, and
corresponding to such positions the cam disc L may be moved to a different angular
position relatively to the collar B³, so as to bring another part of the cam
grooves L L in contact with the studs K' K. In the positions 1. 2. 3, Fig. 2,
the levers K K are shown gripping the brush stocks CC. In the positions 6. 7. of
the same figure the levers are shown open and free of the brush stock.
On the central vertical shaft GI mount two rope pulleys N, N₁, each with, by
preference, five grooves in its circumference. The pulley N is keyed to the shaft G,
and is consequently driven direct with an equal angular velocity from the primary
motion. The pulley N₁ of larger diameter than the pulley N revolves loose on the
shaft G. A collar M with an annular groove formed in it and carrying levers and
toggle arms M¹ M¹ is mounted so as to slide up and down the boss of the pulley N,
but to revolve with it. The collar M round the boss of the pulley N by means of
a sliding connection formed by a pin sliding in the annular groove before mentioned
or by other mechanical equivalent as preferred is connected to a lever O one end of
which is pivotted at O' to a bracket secured to the cross girder F, the other end
being in contact with a cam O' secured to the bottom end of the shaft which
carries the counter wheel driver I. The outer or free ends of the toggle levers M¹ M¹
is in the form of a portion of the arc of a circle, (see Fig. 2) which is caused at
certain times to make contact with the inner side of a ring formed on the arms of
the loose pulley N¹. The frictional contact thus made causes the pulley N¹ to be
connected for the time being with the pulley N and to revolve with it. The two
pulleys will thus revolve with equal angular velocity, but the pulley N¹ will have
a greater circumferential velocity because of its larger diameter. The frictional
contact is made whenever the lever O is depressed by the cam O*, which will take
place once for every intermittent or angular motion of the turntable A.
I wish it to be understood, that I do not confine myself to the use of the counter
wheel mechanism for obtaining the regular intermittent motion of the turntable A,
nor to the use of the toggle arms and frictional are for causing the revolution of

page_text: the pulley N at certain times together with the pulley N, but that I may make
use of any usual and convenient mechanical equivalent.for obtaining the desired
ends.
The regular motion of the pulley N and the varying motion of the pulley N¹ is
taken off at five points onto 10 pairs of intermediate rope pulleys P P¹ in such
a way that the rope from each of the grooves on the pulley N drives two adjoining
intermediate pulleys P, and the rope from the grooves of the pulley N¹ drives.
two adjoining intermediate pulleys P¹. This motion is conveyed to other rope
pulleys P P, mounted on the same shafts P P³ with the pulleys P P¹ respectively,
and is from them conveyed to the drill spindles now about to be described.
On the outer part of the framework F and spaced at equal angular distances
apart similarly to the positions of the attachments B on the turntable A, I mount
a number of plates or brackets R R, as shewn in plan in positions 1. 2. 4. Fig. 2.
Twenty only of these are mounted on the framework F leaving two of the angular
positions vacant. On each of the brackets R R, I mount a drill base R' R¹ with
a number of holes formed in it into which the drill spindles T T are placed. The
drills, while revolving by means of the motion given to them from the pulleys P³ P³
as before described, are fed upwards and made to bore a hole in the brush stock
held in the attachments B above them. Figs. 5 & 6 show two forms of the drill
spindles T T. The drill spindle is formed substantially of two parts or divisions,
although each part or division may be made up of one or more pieces having
relative motion or otherwise to each other. The one part or division is sub-
stantially a sleeve T¹ with an internal screw thread formed in it; a rope pulley T'
is formed on the outside of it. The other part or division is substantially a
spindle T which is screwed for a part of its length so as to work in the internal
screw thread of the sleeve. In the arrangement shewn in Fig. 6, the drill T³ is
secured to one end of this spindle and a rope pulley T* to the other end. The
drill spindle T is made with studs or projections V, V³ at either end of it. Corre-
sponding projections V¹, V³ are formed on the ends of the sleeve T¹. A rope or
belt from the intermediate wheel P², which is driven continuously from a groove of
the rope pulley N as before described, is passed round the pulley T2 on the
sleeve T¹. During the normal movement the stud V on the top of the spindle is in
connection with the stud V₁ on the top of the sleeve, and by this means the con-
tinuous regular motion, which is given to the pulley T from the belt passing
round it, is communicated to the drill spindle T. A rope or belt from the inter-
mediate wheel P³, which is driven with a variable motion from the large loose rope
pulley N¹, passes round the pulley T on the drill spindle T. During the normal
imovement as just mentioned, when the drill spindle T is driven by the pulley N,
the pulley N¹ is driven from the rope pulley T, having at that time the same
circumferential velocity as the pulley N, but a different angular velocity. When
frictional connection as before described is made between the pulleys N, N¹, so
that they have for the time being an equal angular velocity but a different
circumferential velocity, the rope pulley T, now driven by the pulley N¹
will be driven at a greater speed than the rope pulley T connected to
the pulley N. Although revolving in the same direction there will thus be a
difference of speed. between the drill spindle T and the sleeve T¹, which will cause
the drill spindle to be screwed up the sleeve, and the drill T3 to enter and bore a
hole in the brush stock C (Fig. 1) above it. The upward movement of the drill
spindle will continue until the stud V2 on the spindle comes into connection with
the stud V³ on the sleeve, when both spindle and sleeve will revolve together at
the increased speed, a slip of the belt over the pulley T2 if necessary taking place.
When the required hole is bored in the brush stock, the frictional connection of
the pulleys N, N¹ is removed, and the now loose pulley N¹ tends to come to a stop,
or rather its friction of motion; opposes a resistance to its continued motion the
retardation being hastened, if preferred, by the application of a brake to the
pulley N¹ suitably arranged and controlled. In this way the difference of speed
between the drill spindle T and the sleeve T is at once, decreased and then

page_text: reversed, so that now the sleeve T will be revolving at a greater rate than the
drill spindle T. This will cause the drill spindle to be screwed down the sleeve so:
that it will return to its first position, and revolve together with and at the same
speed as the sleeve T¹ and pulley T. The upward movement of the drill spindle T
takes place every time the pulleys N, N¹ are frictionally connected together, that
is, once for each intermittent movement of the turntable A. In Fig. 5 the same
action of the drill spindle is effected with a slightly different arrangement of parts.
The pulley T is formed with a sleeve and is connected to the drill spindle T by a
feather T5 on the spindle sliding in a feather way To in the sleeve. The sleeve T¹
having an internal screw thread, and with the pulley T on its outside, is made
with a stalk so as to revolve in a fixed bracket V which also supports the upper
end of the drill spindle T. The rope connected with the pulley N passes round
the pulley T thus driving it and the drill spindle continuously. When the frictional
contact is made between the pulleys N, N₁, the belt connected with the pulley N¹
passing round the pulley T2, drives it at a greater speed than the pulley T', causing
the drill spindle T to be screwed upwards. Projections V, V, V³ are suitably
placed for the purpose as before described, so that when the spindle T¹ is down
in its normal position, the projection V on the spindle is in contact with the
projection V in the sleeve, and when the spindle is screwed up, the projection V
on the spindle presses against the projection V³ in the sleeve. Upon the frictional
connection being removed, the drill spindle T is screwed down, and revolves as
at first.
A number of the drill spindles are suitably placed in each of the drill bases R¹ R¹,
and when a brush stock C, by the intermittent motion of the turntable A has been
passed over and been bored by all the drills, it will have been completed and bored
in the required manner.
Each of the 10 pairs of intermediate groove pulleys P2 P3 (which are driven by
means of the pulleys P P¹ from the main pulleys N N¹) is made to drive the drill
spindles which are arranged in the drill bases R¹ R¹ of two adjoining angular
positions. Four rope grooves, by preference, are made in each of the pulleys P³ P³;
so as to minimise as far as possible the number of drill spindles driven by each
rope. A rope from both of the pulleys P P³ passes round the pulleys T* T
respectively of each drill spindle; and to accomodate the position of the pulleys
TT to the different grooves of the pulleys P' P³, I make some of the drill
spindles longer than others, by which means the pulleys of the drill spindles in
any one drill base R¹ will be driven by four pairs of ropes in different planes. In
Fig. 1 two drill spindles are shewn with their pulleys in this stepped position, so
as to take off the ropes from different grooves of the pulleys P2 P3.
I may arrange guide pulleys as required between the pulleys P2 P³ and T' T
respectively when it is necessary to place the drill spindles on an angle or
otherwise.
I feed the brush stocks C into the holders K. K as follows:-At one of the
vacant places where no drill base R¹ has been mounted on the framework F,
I mount a bracket R2, on which is secured a feed hopper R' in which the brush
stocks are placed. The bottom of the hopper is left open on two sides so that the
lowest brush stock in the pile in the hopper may be pushed out and along the top
of the bracket R' to a position between the levers K K when it is held as before
described. The brush stock pushed out of the hopper by a feed arm X actuated
as follows: To the lower end of the shaft on which the counter wheel driver I is
mounted, and which revolves once for each intermittent motion of the turntable A,
I mount a bevel wheel gearing into an equal bevel wheel secured to one end of the
shaft X. On the other end of the shaft X¹ a similar pair of equal bevel wheels
gives regular motion to a vertical shaft X', which transmits the motion through
another pair of equal bevel wheels X³ to a disc Z, in which is secured a pin Z.
A lever Z pivotted at its lower end, and secured at its upper end to the feed
arm X; engages with the pin Z by means of a slot. As the disc revolves carrying

page_text: with it the pin Z, the lever Z' and the feed arm X is reciprocated continuously;
at each stroke pushing a fresh brush stock out of the feed hopper. The intervals
of the feed correspond to that of the intermittent motion of the turntable A.
The arrangement of the feed motion is an application of the ordinary form of
crank and link quick return mechanism,
After the brush stock has been bored by all the drills, the crown cams L' L' cause
the levers K K to release their hold of the stock as before mentioned, when it falls
out of the machine. This takes place at the second vacant space of the frame-
work F, where no drill base R¹ has been mounted, and which adjoins the position
where the feed hopper is placed. On the top of the vertical shaft X' (see detached
view Fig. 4) I mount a cam L, which is kept in contact with a projection L on a
bar L, mounted in a bearing formed on the side of the feed hopper R³. The
bar L³ is cranked off at each end so as to engage in contact with studs L' fixed in
the top of the cam discs L. At each stoppage of the turntable A, the cam L³ in
the course of its movement given by the continued revolution of the vertical
shaft X pushes the bar L' into contact with the studs L°, and so turns the cam
disc L round its axis, causing the levers K K to open as before described. At the
one angular position left vacant on the framework F, the finished brush stock
drops out and is received in a basket, shoot, or suitable receptacle; and at the
adjoining position the fresh brush stock is fed in between the open levers K K.
When the bar Lo is drawn back by the cam L³, the spring L' turns the cam disc L
and closes the levers K K on the fresh brush stock. I may arrange, if preferred,
a feed hopper and releasing gear at more than one position in the circle of the
machine.
Briefly the course of operations is as follows;-At every stoppage of the turn-
table after it has been moved from one angular position to another a fresh brush
stock is fed into one of the attachments on the turntable A; and a finished stock
is dropped out of another; while at the other positions all the drills are simul-
taneously moved up to bore the holes in the brush stocks. In the machine as
described, in the course of one revolution of the turntable A, 22 brush stocks will
have been fed in, bored, and dropped out; the boring taking place at 20 positions ;
that is, each drill bores one hole, and if, say, 10 drills were arranged at each of the
20 positions, then 200 holes would be bored in each brush stock, and 200 holes
would be bored at each simultaneous movement of the drills.
I wish it to be understood, that instead of a turntable with attachments
revolving round its centre as described, I may use a sliding table carrying
attachments and passing in a straight line over drill bases suitably arranged; but
in other respects the mode of operation, and the motion given to the drills, would
be aimilar to that herein before described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. The method of boring brush stocks by means of a number of drills suitably
arranged substantially as herein illustrated and described.
2. The use of drill spindles constructed in two parts having relative varying
motion to each other for the purpose and in the manner substantially as herein
illustrated and described.
3. The use of the pulleys N N¹ with varying circumferential and angular
velocity in relation to each other constructed and actuated substantially as herein
illustrated and described, in combination with and for the purpose of transmitting
the required motion to the drill spindles.
4. The employment of a revolving or sliding table for passing the brush stocks
from one set of drills to another substantially as herein described.
5. The combination with the revolving or sliding table of gripping attachments
for holding the brush stocks, controlled automatically by the action of the cam

page_text: grooves L L, and constructed and actuated in the manner as herein substantially
illustrated and described.
6. The employment of counter wheel mechanism (or other mechanical equivalent)
arranged and connected substantially as herein described for the purpose of
communicating a regular intermittent motion to the revolving or sliding table.
7. The arrangement of feed hopper and feed gear for automatically supplying
fresh brush stocks to the attachments on the revolving or sliding table arranged
substantially as herein illustrated and described.