Year: 1888

page_text: I, JOHN WILLIS of Specialty Works, Attercliffe, Sheffield in the County of York.
Steel Manufacturers do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
:-
The object of my invention is to resist corrosion in propeller-blades and marine,
mining and other castings.
By preference 1 make my propeller-blades in steel, though iron or other metals may
be used. Within the mould before making such Casting I line wholly or in part the
face of such mould with Copper Zinc, Tin or other anti-corrosive metal so that in
poring the molten Steel into such prepared moulds the lining of Copper or other anti
Corrosive metals becomes part of and is absorbed by the steel propeller-blade or
other Casting and at the same time leaves the Copper Zinc or Tin on the Surface.
These moulds may be of iron, Composition Sand or other kinds as now used.
In making more difficult Castings than the plain work indicated it may be necessary
to first obtain a thin shell Casting in Copper, Zinc or Tin and afterwards fill up the
recesses or cored parts with steel.
.
I further propose converting Steel Castings wholly or in part by the cementation
process & afterwards hardening their surfaces where required as further protection
against corrosion.
Any such portions or parts required to be protected against conversion I cover
over or coat with Clay or similar material.
I leave the inside a mild Steel whereas the outer surface is carbonized to a high.
degree to resist corrosion.
TALO

page_text: other Purposes.
I, JOHN WILLIS of Specialty Works, Attercliffe, Sheffield, in the County of York,
Steel Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
The object of my invention is to resist or reduce the corrosion in propellers,
propeller-blades, marine, mining & other Castings by facing them with anti-corrosive
metals.
may
be
By preference I make all such Castings of Steel though my System of manufacture
& the claims of this patent are equally applicable to iron or other metals that
used by necessity of economy in cost or otherwise.
By anti corrosive metals I refer to Copper, Brass, Gun Metal, phosphor Bronze,
Delta Metal, Aluminium Bronze, Aluminium, Aluminium Steel, Zinc, Tin & all such
Alloys or metals as protect Castings from Corrosion.
I use for Casting purposes Iron or metal moulds or cbills, moulds of Composition,
sand & of other kinds usual for iron & steel foundry work.
These moulds are lined or partially lined with the anti-corrosive metal, as desired,
on the face of the Casting; & on the molten Steel or Iron being then poured into
the mould it fuses the anti-corrosive metal, & they become one Casting; the face or
outside of which retains the anti-corrosive protection.
In making large Castings it is necessary to face the mould with an inner lining of
Iron or Steel or other suitable metal in Sheets, perforated or plain, to preserve the
outer lining of anti-corrosive metal from the intense heat of such Castings, the inner
lining, being made of a sufficient thickness to ensure its fusion to both the metal of the
mould & the outer lining of anti-corrosive metal.
Another way of accomplishing my purpose is to use a Cover or stopper, rib or ribs,
a neck collar or similar supply of the anti-corrosive metal around the body neck or top
of the mould, so that on the cooling of the Casting, by contraction a space is formed
& filled up by the molten anti-corrosive metal & thereby coated over; or anti-corrosive
molten metal may be poured into the mould during the cooling & contracting of the
Casting.
In making Castings with irregular surfaces a shell may he first cast to the shape, or
a sheet shaped by a die or otherwise, of anti-corrosive metal & afterwards placed as
part of the mould & proceed as in plain work. The anti-corrosive metal may also be
used in the form of filings, sweepings, turnings or similarly prepared so as to mix
with the sand or composition or placed on the face of such moulds & therefrom
absorbed by the casting.

page_text: I disclaim the converting of Castings by the cementation process as contained in the
closing paragraph of my provisional specification, believing this to be subject matter
for a seperate and distinct patent.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion & in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
The improved method of making Iron & Steel Castings with a face or surface of
anti-corrosive metal, by fusion as herein described.
Doted this Third day of January One thousand eight hundred and eighty nine.