IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR KNEADING OR WORKING DOUGH
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR KNEADING OR WORKING DOUGH."
- A communication from abroad by Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir, of
Paris, in the Empire of France, Engineer.
Sealed the 4th July 1865, and
ed the 21st February 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st February 1865.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR KNEADING OR WORKING
DOUGH," a communication to me from abroad by Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir,
of Paris, in the Empire of France, Engineer, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
machinery or apparatus for kneading or working dough intended to be made
into bread, the essential feature of which is that the dough or paste has time
to repose during the kneading operation, such operation, being carried on
progressively from end to end of the kneading trough in lieu of the entire
mass of dough being kneaded at one and the same time.
In carrying out this Invention it is proposed to employ revolving spiral or
inclined blades or arms, which, during their rotation in the dough, are made

page_text: .
to travel simultaneously to and fro from end to end of the kneading trough.
This traverse motion may be produced by causing the boss of the blades to
slide along a square shaft, or along a feather or keyway on a ronnd shaft
driven by a driving pulley and belt of its own, or by any convenient arrange-
ment of gearing. An arm is made to grasp this boss, and through this arm
works a screw shaft extending from end to end of the machine, so that on
imparting a rotatory motion in one direction or the other to this shaft, the
arm will move along it, and will carry with it the blades from end to end of
the trough. The screw shaft is rotated by any convenient arrangement of
reversing gear, or by means of two driving pullies brought into gear therewith
alternately by a sliding clutch box, one of such pullies being driven by a
crossed strap so as to rotate in an opposite direction to the other. The sliding
clutch may be operated upon by a stop attached to the traversing arm, thus
making the machine itself reverse the motion of the screw spindle. A clutch
lever is also employed for throwing the screw spindle out of action when
required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 19th August 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto.
me, the said John Henry Johnson, Her special license that I, the said John
Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR KNEADING OR WORKING
DOUGH," a communication to me from abroad by Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir,
of Paris, in the Empire of France, Engineer, upon the condition (amongst

page_text: others) that I; the said John Henry Johnson, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature.
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,.
and cause the same to be filed in the-Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately, after the date of the said Letters.
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John. Henry Johnson, do hereby declare-
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained. in. and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the.
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
The said Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of:
machinery or apparatus for kneading or working dough intended to be made.
into bread, the essential feature of which is that the dough or paste has time-
to repose during the kneading operation, such operation being carried on
progressively from end to end of the kneading trough in lieu of the entire-
mass of dough being kneaded at one and the same time.
In carrying out this Invention it is proposed to employ revolving spiral or
inclined blades or arms, which, during their rotation in the dough, are made-
to travel simultaneously to and fro from end to end of the kneading trough..
This traverse motion may be produced by causing the boss of the blades to
slide along a square shaft, or along a feather or keyway on a round shaft
driven by a driving pulley and belt of its own, or by any convenient arrange-
ment of gearing. An arm is made to grasp this boss, and through this arm
works a screw shaft extending from end to end of the machine, so that on
imparting a rotatory motion in one direction or the other to this shaft the
arm will move along it, and will carry with it the blades from end to end of
the trough. The screw shaft is rotated by any convenient arrangement of
therewith.
reversing gear, or by means of two driving pullies brought into gear
alternately by a sliding clutch box, one of such pullies being driven by a
crosséd strap so as to rotate in an opposite direction to the other. The sliding
clutch may be operated upon by a stop attached to the traversing arm, thus
making the machine itself reverse the motion of the screw spindle. A clutch
lever is also employed for throwing the screw spindle out of action when
required.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now,
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall
refer to the Figures in the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed, the same
letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in both, the Figures.
3 ::

page_text: Fig. 1 of the annexed Sheet of Drawings represents a longitudinal sectional
elevation of the improved kneading machine taken through the centre thereof,
and Fig. 2 is an elevation of the driving end of the machine.
2
The trough or vessel C, which contains the dough or paste, is traversed
longitudinally from end to end by the shaft A, which may be either of a
square section or made round and provided with a keyway, upon which is
mounted the kneader or helix H, composed of two blades or arms h, h, which
may be more or less modified in shape and construction. This kneader is
engaged with a key or long feather a, which extends along the entire length.
of the shaft A. The shaft carried by the bearings E, E, is furnished with a
pulley P, which serves to put it in rotation. The traverse motion of the
kneader H is effected by the motion of the arm or lever L, the boss of which
forms a nut upon the screw spindle or shaft B, which is rotated first in one
direction and then in the opposite direction. The extremity of the lever L
forms a fork, which embraces the groove made in the boss of the helix or
kneader H. The stem of the screw spindle B, which is prolonged beyond the
framing which carries the trough C, is provided with two pullies p, p, the:
bosses of which are toothed so as to engage one or other with the clutch m,
which is keyed on to the spindle B, and is capable of being moved along:
the same by the lever l', so as to be brought into gear with either of the
pullies p, p¹. The lever l¹ may be worked by hand, and is connected to the
rod G extended along the entire length of the machine. This rod G carries:
two tappets g and g', against which comes in contact alternately the tail piece L'.
fixed to the boss of the lever L. Behind each tappet there is a spring r, r,
which insures the proper working of the apparatus. When the kneader H
has arrived at the end of its traverse, as shown in dotted lines (Fig. 1), it.
should return again from right to left, and travel back to the opposite end of.
the trough. The tail piece L' comes in contact with the tappet g', which has.
the effect of moving the rod G, clutch lever 1, and clutch m to the right,
thereby causing it to gear with the pulley p¹, and so imparting a reverse.
motion to the screw spindle B, which produces the return travel of the.
kneader along the trough, such kneader being constantly rotated in the same.
direction by the strap and driving pulley P. When the tail piece L¹ comes.
in contact with the tappet g, the rod G will push the lever in the opposite.
direction, and will thereby disengage the clutch m from the pulley p¹ and
engage it with the pulley p, which revolves in the opposite direction.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried.
into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that what I consider to be novel.

page_text: and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
berein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First, the application and use to and in the kneading of dough or paste of
spiral or inclined revolving blades made to traverse to and fro along the
kneading trough simultaneously with their rotatory motion, for the purpose
herein-before described.
Second, the peculiar combination of machinery or apparatus for kneading
dough or paste, substantially as herein-before described, and illustrated by the
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Fifteenth day of August, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-five.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.S.)