Improvements in the Construction and Attachments of Insulators for Telegraph, Telephone, and such like Purposes.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 8th June, 1892
Complete Specification Left, 4th Mar., 1893-Accepted, 22nd Apr., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction and Attachments of Insulators
for Telegraph, Telephone, and such like Purposes.
I, ERNEST WENTWORTH BULLER of Sherlock Street Works Birmingham in
the County of Warwick Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
The method of construction hitherto generally in use has been some form of cup,
washer, or shackle, made of porcelain, or other insulating material called the
"insulator." This insulator is supported by a metallic spindle which is attached
to the structure either by passing it into or through the material of the structure
or by being fixed to a metallic holding piece, shaped as a bracket, or as a saddle
piece, or such like form, such holding piece being itself fixed to the structure by
any ordinary mechanical means.
Among many disadvantages in this mode of construction is the loss of insulation
caused by the exposure of the metallic spindle, the elasticity of the metallic spindle
yielding to the strain of the line-wire and causing vibration and a "humming" noise
and the complication of several separate parts.
My invention relates to a new and improved method of constructing and attaching
"insulators" for the purpose of carrying aerial telegraph and telephone lines, it
has special (but not restricted) application to those cases in which the line-wires
have to be attached to dwelling houses, or other buildings or structures, and to the
ridges, hips, gutters, and other parts of the roofs of the buildings, for the purpose of
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"leading in" the line-wires to establish electrical communication between the
exterior and interior of the buildings, and my improvements consist in a combination
of the insulator and its supporting parts or attachments.
Instead of having separately an insulator, a spindle, and a holding piece, I
combine the whole of these into one single solid piece, constructed of porcelain, or
other insulating material. The lower portion or "sole" of the improved apparatus
is shaped similarly to the metallic "holding pieces" already described suitable
for application and attachment to the ridge, hip, gutter, or other portion of the
roof or structure.
The upper part of the insulator for the purpose of "leading in" the wires may
be constructed in the form of an inverted cup, or cups, or sheds, or any such form
suitable for the insulation of an aerial telegraph or telephone line, and the upper
and lower parts are connected by a continuous stalk or neck of the porcelain or
other insulating material, the whole forming one solid piece. In this manner a
great increase of insulation is obtained as compared with the use of the metallic
spindle now employed, and the vibration of the spindle and consequent noise is
obviated.
The "leading in" insulator is provided with a projecting branch or stalk of the
same insulating material all in one piece, this branch or stalk passes loosely through
an eye of metal or otherwise and the eye is attached by any convenient means to
the building or structure; the line wire being attached to the head of the "leading
in" insulator, the insulator is held suspended by the wire, the stalk of the insulator
passing loosely through the eye as stated is thereby held sufficiently in position,
with a very small surface of contact, and there is no rigid or metallic contact or
connection between the insulator and the eye in which it is supported, hence
improved insulation and absence of vibration.
Dday of Iuno A D 1802
EDWARD J. PAYNE & SON,
104, Colmore Row, Birmingham, Agents for the Applicant..

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction and Attachments of Insulators
for Telegraph, Telephone, and such like Purposes.
1 ERNEST WENTWORTH BULLER of Sherlock Street Works Birmingham in
the County of Warwick Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:―
The method of construction hitherto generally in use, has been some form of cup
washer, or shackle, made of porcelain or other insulating material called the
"insulator." This insulator is supported or held by a metallic spindle which is
attached to the structure either by passing into or through the material of the
structure or by being fixed to a metallic holding piece shaped as a bracket or as a
saddle piece shackle or such like form, such holding piece being itself fixed to the
structure, by any ordinary mechanical means.
Among many disadvantages in this method of construction is the loss of insulation
caused by the exposure of the metallic spindle the elasticity of the metallic spindle
yielding to the strain of the line-wire and causing vibration and a "humming noise"
and the complication of several parts.
My invention relates to a new and improved method of constructing and
attaching "insulators" for the purpose of carrying aerial telegraph and telephone
wires.
It has special (but not restricted) application to those cases in which the line-
wires have to be attached to dwelling houses, or other buildings or structures and to
the ridges, hips, gutters, and other parts of the roofs of the buildings for the
purpose of "leading in" the line-wires to establish electrical communication between
the exterior and interior of the buildings and my improvements consist in a
combination of the insulator and its supporting parts or attachments.
Instead of having separately an insulator, a spindle, and a holding piece, I combine
the whole of these so that they constitute a continuous piece constructed of porcelain
or other insulating material.
The lower portion or "sole" of the improved apparatus is shaped similarly to
the metallic " holding pieces" already described suitable for application and
attachment to the face, ridge, hip, gutter, or other portion of the roof or structure.
The upper part of the insulator for the purpose of "leading in" the wires may
be constructed in the form of an inverted cup, or cups, or sheds, or any such form
suitable for the insulation of an aerial telegraph or telephone line, and the upper
and lower parts are connected by a continuous stalk or neck of the porcelain, or
other insulating material the whole being combined into a continuous piece of
insulating material.
In this manner a great increase of insulation is obtained as compared with the use
of the metallic spindle now employed, and the vibration of the spindle and consequent
noise is obviated.
The "leading in" insulator is provided with a projecting branch or stalk made
of the same insulating material formed into one piece this branch or stalk passes
loosely through an eye of metal or otherwise, that is, either metal alone, or in
combination with porcelain or other insulating material and the eye is attached by
any convenient means to the building or structure.
The line-wire being attached to the head of the "leading in" insulator, the
insulator is held suspended by the wire, the stalk of the insulator passing loosely
through the eye as stated is thereby held sufficiently in position, with a very small
surface of contact, and there being no rigid or metallic contact or connection between
the insulator and the eye in which it is supported hence improved insulation and
absence of vibration.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I wish it to be clearly
understood that I do not necessarily limit myself to the precise details as herein
more fully set forth, provided that in all cases the essential features of this my
invention be retained but I declare that what I claim is,
The combination and arrangement of a telegraph or telephone insulator together
with its supporting parts or attachments and composed of porcelain or other suitable
insulating material by means of which combination, the insulator and its supporting
parts, and attachments are formed throughout mainly of insulating material whereby
greatly increased insulation is obtained substantially as herein shewn.
Dated this 3rd day of March A.D. 1893.
EDWARD J. PAYNE & SON,
104, Colmore Row, Birmingham, Agents for the Applicant.