Improvements in or relating to the Condensation of Steam.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Jan., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 25th Oct., 1895-Accepted, 14th Dec., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to the Condensation of Steam.
I, GEORGE SELLERS M.I.M.E., of 24 Bradfield Road, Owlerton, Sheffield, in the
County of York, Consulting Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the condensation of steam and particularly to the
condensation of exhaust steam from steam engines steam hammers and like
machinery.
According to my invention I employ a system of condensation which involves
condensation by a jet and by evaporation with or without condensation by means
of a current of air and I construct an improved condensing apparatus whereby the
mode of condensation can be conveniently practised.
My improved condensing apparatus may comprise a coil or series of coils like an
evaporative condenser and a specially formed spraying nozzle or spreader arranged
to deliver a jet of injection water into the interior of the tube or tubes of the coil.
The condensation effected by the jet injection is additional to that performed by
evaporation from the exterior of the coil or coils which latter may be of less size
than if no jet were present. For instance for each separate coil I may construct a
special water-spreader or spraying nozzle either cast with each cold water supply
pipe or made from a perforated metal pipe cast with the aforesaid cold water
supply pipe or otherwise affixed thereto in order to make the whole of the exhaust
steam pass through a shower of cold water at its entrance to the coil or coils of
the evaporative condenser.
The water delivered to the jet or jets before referred to and to the exterior of
the coils as hereinafter set forth may conveniently be taken from the boiler feed
supply or from a cooling-water tank.
Preferably I deliver the usual water supply to the exterior of the coil or coils
by ejectors or injectors or by pumping apparatus or otherwise and arrange a water
motor and a fan or other blowing device so that they can be operated by this
water to deliver a current of air upon the condensing apparatus or to the outside or
inside of the wet pipes to further improve the efficiency thereof. Where I use an
air and circulating steam pump I use the exhaust steam from that pump to lift
condensing water from a tank and distribute it either outside or inside the
evaporative condensing coil or coils by means of an exhaust injector, water lifter,
pulsometer or like machine which I apply for getting rid of the steam from the
pump; by so doing I create a vacuum and increase the duty of the pump besides
lifting the condensing water. In place of said exhaust injector, water lifter
pulsometer or the like I arrange a special form of pump which has only a single
working barrel and trunk plunger or bucket, the front or trunk end I use as a
single acting lift pump while the back end acts as a single acting air
pump each,
having their independent valves and separate pipe connections and being worked
by one direct coupled steam cylinder or otherwise.
In further addition to the above described apparatus I may conveniently employ
boxes containing helical vanes or plates to act upon the water of condensation
delivered from the coil or coils and further cool and condense it. Thus one.or
more coils may be bolted by flanges or otherwise affixed on the top of a casing
containing a spiral or worm which may be similar in appearance to a worm
conveyor as used in a flow mill and having the condensed
the condensed, steam, water on its way

page_text: from aforesaid coil or coils delivered thereon and further condensed by its slow
progress over the vanes of said spiral or worm before reaching or falling to the air
pump chamber.
For the coil or coils hereinbefore referred to I may employ special forms of
pipes; in some cases I may use wrought iron brass or other pipes flattened out and
bent backwards or forwards as in certain types of refrigerator or flattened and
coiled.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in or relating to the Condensation of Steam.
I, GEORGE SELLERS, M.I.M.E., of 24 Bradfield Road, Owlerton, Sheffield in the
County of York, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what mauner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to the condensation of steam and particularly to the
condensation of exhaust steam from steam engines, steam hammers and like
machinery.
According to my invention I use cold water douches, spreaders or nozzles in the
exhaust pipe of the engine and also an evaporative surface condenser to further
condeuse the exhaust steam from the engine.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of one form of the douche, spreader or spraying
nozzle.
Figure 2 is an underside view of the same,
Figure 3 is a section on the line 3-3 of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a sectional elevation of an alternative construction of spreader.
Figure 5 is a section on the axial plane of a further alternative construction of
douche or spreader.
Figure 6 is a section on the line 6 6 of Figure 5.
Figure 7 is a vertical central section through one form of my improved
evaporative surface condenser.
Figure 8 is a side elevation of a group of such condensers.
Figure 9 is an elevation partly in section of another construction of surface
condenser according to my invention.
Figure 10 is an elevation of the upper portion of the same at right angles to the
position in which it is shown in Figure 9.
Figure 11 is a plan of the same,
Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.
The cold water douches or spreaders take the form of a short length of pipe I
or even of a simple ring (Figures 5 and 6) the spreader is inserted in the exhaust
pipe of the engine preferably in proximity to the other condenser and comprises a
water channel I communicating with the interior of the spreader by means of
small holes 13, and with a water supply pipe by a branch 12. The spreader may
be a casting with the water channel I cored in it; or the channel may be of
wrought iron or other piping I in a suitable position in the spreader which may
for example be cast around the pipe. The example illustrated in Figures 5 and 6
is constructed by forcing a length of perforated pipe I into an annular groove I'
formed in the inner face, of the ring. The water injected by the spreader I may
be the "make up" boiler feed for example:
J

page_text: The evaporative surface condenser illustrated in Figures 7 and 8 is put in a
tank A. The bed-plate B of each condenser, there being in this example several
condensers in one tank, has an annular channel B' therein with a branch pipe B 2
leading therefrom to the air pump. On the flange B3 of the bed-plate B is secured.
tube C slightly conical, smaller in diameter at the bottom than at the top and
having a continuous spiral flange C₁ formed thereon as shown; surrounding the
tube C is another conical tube D of larger diameter at bottom than at top and also
secured by a flange D2 to the bed-plate B and by a flange D¹ to a flange C2 at
the top of the cylinder C. It will thus be seen that a spiral chamber E is formed
by the flange C in the space between the tubes C and D for. the condensation of
'steam which is led into it by a short branch pipe D 3 in which is inserted a douche
or spreading nozzle I of the kind hereinbefore previously referred to.
nozzle is connected the exhaust pipe Q of the engine.
Within the internal tubes C
are formed or provided one or more projections F and at the upper end of the
condenser conical plates F¹ and G are placed as shown. These devices F F¹ and G
are for the purpose of. diffusing the condensing water over both sides of the con-
denser. This water issues from holes K' in a pipe K which runs over the top of
the several condensers as shown in Figure 8 and after passing over the cylinders C
and D reaches the tank A whence it is pumped up again by the pump L through
pipes K 4 having valves K 5 and communicating by branches K 3 with the pipe K.
The
pump L is fixed by any suitable meaus on a bracket N on. the tank A.
Another form of condenser is shown in Figures 9, 10 and 11.
To this
pipe O is mounted on flanged legs O by means of which it is securely bolted to the
In this a ring of
bottom of the tank A. Several branches 04 (three in the example illustrated)
extend from the upper side of the pipe O. To these branches are connected by
flanges P. 3 the ends P 2 of coils of pipes P the coils being so formed that they.
have a smaller diameter at their lower than at their
of these coils communicate with short brauches Qin the exhaust pipe Q of the
ends. The
upper
upper ends P³¹
engine. To a flanged end Q2 of this pipe Q may be attached a cold water douche.
or spreader as in the condenser previously described. Above the exhaust pipe Q
is arranged a tank S secured in any suitable manner. The bottom of this tank is
pierced with holes or fitted with wire gauze or similar material in the form of
rings S3 in order that the water, therefrom may descend in a fine spray over the
coils P.
J
In each of the forms of condenser shown an escape valve R (Figures
fitted to the exhaust pipe to enable the steam to be exhausted direct into the air if
and 9) is
desired.
The products of condensation are drawn off from the condenser by an air pump
in the one case at the flanged pipe B 4 Figure 7, and in the other by a flanged
pipe O3 formed on one of the legs O' of the ring of pipe O Figure 9, the said leg
communicating with the interior of the pipe forming that ring.
It will thus be seen that the steam is first of all sprayed with cold water by the
douches or sprayers in the exhaust pipe and afterwards further condensed by
the action of cold water streaming either over the external and internal surfaces of
the condenser formed of the tubes C and D or else over the coils P.
The concentric tubes C and D may be truly cylindrical instead of conical if
desired, and the helical flange between the two may be cast inside the outer tube D
or otherwise inserted between them.
The outer tube D may be cast rough or corrugated or may have rope wound round
it or may have an external helical flange or other projection or projections
thereon to retard the flow of condensing water over it, and increase the surface
area so as to improve the action of condensation therein. The interior of the
ube C over which the condensing-water flows may be similarly treated for a
ike
purpose.
The internal and external tubes C and D may be fastened together by top and
bottom flanges or by spigot and faucet joints or otherwise as may be desired.
The coils of the condenser illustrated in Figs. 9, 10 and 11 may be of hose-pipe

page_text: held in spiral form by suitable devices or may be of metal pipe flattened or given
any desired form of cross-section.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is ;-
1. For the condensation of exhaust steam the combination with a surface
condenser of a cold-water douche or spreader in the exhaust pipe of the engine.
2. For the condensation of steam a cold-water douche or spreader such as I
adapted to serve as a portion of the exhaust pipe and having a water-channel
therein communicating by perforations such as I³ with the interior of the exhaust
pipe substantially as described.
I
3. The water-spreader I constructed substantially as and for the purpose herein-
before described with reference to Figures 1 2 and 3 or Figure 4 or Figures 5 and 6
of the accompanying drawings.
4. In a surface-condenser a chamber containing a helical partition substantially
as and for the purpose described.
5. In a surface-condenser the combination with cylinders or cones C and D one
within the other of a helical partition in the space between them substantially as
and for the purpose described.
1
6. In a surface condenser such as is claimed in Claim 5 the combination with a
water supply tube such as K of devices for delivering the water on to the exterior
of one tube D and the interior of the other tube C substantially as and for the
purpose described.
7. In a condenser such as is claimed in Claim 4 or Claim 5 so forming the
exterior surfaces that the flow of condensing water over the same is retarded
substantially as and for the purpose described.
8. In an evaporative surface condenser the combination with tapered coils of pipe
or hose such as P of a trough such as S with spraying devices therein substantially
as and for the purpose described.
9. The combination with an evaporative condenser of the type exemplified by
Figures 7 and 8 or Figures 10 and 11 of the accompanying drawings of a water
spreader in the exhaust pipe, connected to the condenser substantially as and for
the purpose herein before described.
10. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting a complete condensing-
apparatus substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 7 and 8
or Figures 9 10 and 11 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 25th day of October 1895.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.